Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Ovarian Mass: A Survey

Ovarian Cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in women today. Early detection of the cancer can reduce mortality rate. Studies have shown that radiologists can miss the detection of a significant proportion of abnormalities in addition to having high rates of false positives. To detect malignancy, methods of pattern recognition and image processing are used. Pattern recognition in image processing requires the extraction of features from regions of the image and the processing of these features with a pattern recognition algorithm. In recent age, cases of ovarian cancer are increasing day by day, so diagnosis of ovarian cancer should be appropriate and up to the mark. Ultrasound imaging is widely used for diagnosis over the other imaging modalities like Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) due to its noninvasive nature, portable, accurate, harmless to the human beings and capability of forming real time imaging. In this paper we have presented some of the techniques for diagnosis ovarian malignancy. Generally there are main three phases to detect the malignancy. First is pre-processing in that need to smooth the image, second is feature extraction from the image and third is classification of the features.
Boundary Layer Stagnation-Point Slip Flow and Heat Transfer towards a Shrinking/Stretching Cylinder over a Permeable Surface

In this paper, the boundary layer stagnation-point slip flow and heat transfer towards a shrinking/stretching cylinder over a permeable surface is considered. The governing equations are first transformed into a system of non-dimensional equations via the non-dimensional variables, and then into self-similar ordinary differential equations before they are solved numerically using the shooting method. Numerical results are obtained for the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number as well as the velocity and temperature profiles for some values of the governing parameters, namely the velocity slip parameter (α), the thermal slip parameter (β), the curvature parameter (γ) and the velocity ratio parameter (c/a). The physical quantities of interest are the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number measured by f’’(0) and –θ’(0), respectively. The numerical results show that the velocity slip parameter α increases the heat transfer rate at the surface, while the thermal slip parameter β decreases it. On the other hand, increasing the velocity slip parameter α causes the decrease in the flow velocity. Further, it is found that the solutions for a shrinking cylinder (c/a 0) case. Finally, it is also found that the values of f’’(0) and –θ’(0) increase as the curvature parameter γ increases.
The Effect of Contents for Instruction in Physical Education on Cognitive and Psychomotor Development in Tunisian Students Aged from 9 Until 11 Years

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three months of teaching physical education on cognitive and psychomotor development in 9–11 year-old boys. 48 healthy students of both sexes (Age = 10, 8±0, 8 years; Height = 1, 45±0, 09cm; Body mass = 37, 9±9, 1kg) performed 4 cognitive tasks: cognitive flexibility (TMT A and B), inhibition (Flanker Test), selective attention (Barrage Test) and reaction time (computer task) and four psychomotor tasks: psychomotor mobilization (Skipping Rope Jump Test), eye-hand coordination (Basketball Wall Pass & Dart-throwing) and eye-leg coordination (Soccer Ball Wall Volley) were applied in the field and the lab. The sample was divided in three groups: group 1 (10 students), group 2 (22 students) and control group (16 students). The equipment and the measurements were taken immediately before and after three months of physical education program. The contents for instruction in physical education didn’t allow an improvement in flanker test in G2. G1 undergone physical education and did physical activities outside of school shows a significant improvement in cognitive flexibility and inhibition. It has brought improvement for the G2 to the level of selective attention. CG has experienced an improvement in the reaction time, it allowed again a development of eye-leg coordination; of eye-arm coordination was determined in CG higher than the tow other groups. A correlation links the cognitive and the psychomotor skills. The results demonstrated that contents for instruction allowed a relative cognitive and psychomotor development, the updating of contents for instruction remains legitimate and urgent given all the changes in Tunisia.
Minimal sufficient positive-operator valued measure on a separable Hilbert space

We introduce a concept of a minimal sufficient positive-operator valued measure (POVM), which is the least redundant POVM among the POVMs that have the equivalent information about the measured quantum system. Assuming the system Hilbert space to be separable, we show that for a given POVM, a sufficient statistic called a Lehmann-Scheffe-Bahadur statistic induces a minimal sufficient POVM. We also show that every POVM has an equivalent minimal sufficient POVM and that such a minimal sufficient POVM is unique up to relabeling neglecting null sets. We apply these results to discrete POVMs and information conservation conditions proposed by the author.
EVENT-BASED EARTHQUAKE RISK MODELLING

Geoscience Australia’s Earthquake Risk Model (EQRM) is an event-based tool for modelling the ground motion and loss associated with individual earthquake scenarios as well as probabilistic seismic hazard (PSHA) and risk (PSRA) analysis. It has been used to conduct PSHA and PSRA for many of Australia’s largest cities and it has become an important tool for the emergency management community which uses it for scenario response planning. This tool is being refined for use in Australian earthquake monitoring programs to provide automatic loss estimates within minutes of an earthquake occurring. An open-source beta-release version of the software is freely available on SourceForge (https://sourceforge.net/projects/eqrm). It can be used for hazard or risk analyses in any region of the world by supplying appropriately formatted input files. Source code is also supplied so advanced users can modify individual components to suit their needs.
Coupling of GTP hydrolysis by EF-G to tRNA and mRNA translocation through the ribosome.

Translocation is the concerted movement of the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the transfer RNA (tRNA) through the ribosome. Although spontaneous in vitro, this process is catalyzed by the translational GTPase elongation factor G (EF-G). How EF-G couples the energy released by GTP hydrolysis to translocation is yet unknown. Furthermore, a mechanistic understanding of translocation is also missing, e.g. the timing of tRNA translocation of the two ribosomal subunits is not known. To address these questions, we designed an EF-G mutant that is unable to hydrolyze GTP, EF-G(H91A), while binding to nucleotides and the ribosome with similar affinities as the wild-type. We find that the rate of translocation is reduced in the presence of EF-G(H91A) as compared to the wild-type EF-G, but is higher than spontaneous translocation. H91A also remains strongly bound to the ribosome and does not dissociate even under non-equilibrium conditions. This suggests that EF-G works in a dual energy regime on the ribosome: (i) as a probabilistic molecular motor biasing the forward tRNA movement through conformational constraints, (ii) as switch-type GTPase dissociating from the ribosome once the GDP-bound conformational state is reached. Additionally, using EF-G(H91A), we demonstrate that translocation occurs in a synchronous way on the two ribosomal subunits and that EF-G binding only causes partial 50S subunit translocation. The energy of GTP hydrolysis is coupled to translocation of the 30S subunit and the completion of translocation on the 50S subunit. Together these results show that EF-G plays a dual role during translocation and that GTP hydrolysis has a key role in synchronizing this process.
Fracture Toughening Mechanisms in Epoxy Adhesives

Fracture toughness is generally considered as the main properties of a polymer or a polymer adhesive system for measuring the material resistance to the extension of cracks. Epoxy adhesives are generally brittle in nature; however, the addition of a second dispersed phase could induce a remarkable increase of damage tolerance performance by an enhancement of the material fracture toughness. The fracture behavior of a filled epoxy resin is strongly affected by the dimensions, the shape, and the chemical nature of the considered filler. The chapter describes the different toughening mechanisms for polymer adhesives with special attention toward innovative nanofiller such as graphene nanoplatelets and hyperbranched polymer nanoparticles.
Experimental evaluation of the pseudotime principle for nonisothermal polymer flows

We have applied a series of start-up of uniaxial extensions to very high strain followed by stress relaxation. A potential temperature change was applied during the stress relaxation. We used two thermorheological simple polymers; a linear polystyrene and a branched low density polyethylene. Experiments performed with temperature changes during the stress relaxation were shown to be identical with isothermal ones in the “pseudotime,” within the accuracy of the experiments. This verifies that the pseudotime approach seems to be the general basis for nonisothermal microstructural modeling for flow of polymers. The pseudotime is given as ξ(t)=∫0t1/aT(T(t'))dt', where aT are the well established time-temperature superposition shift factors, calculated from the past temperatures (at time t′) in a particle pathWe have applied a series of start-up of uniaxial extensions to very high strain followed by stress relaxation. A potential temperature change was applied during the stress relaxation. We used two thermorheological simple polymers; a linear polystyrene and a branched low density polyethylene. Experiments performed with temperature changes during the stress relaxation were shown to be identical with isothermal ones in the “pseudotime,” within the accuracy of the experiments. This verifies that the pseudotime approach seems to be the general basis for nonisothermal microstructural modeling for flow of polymers. The pseudotime is given as ξ(t)=∫0t1/aT(T(t'))dt', where aT are the well established time-temperature superposition shift factors, calculated from the past temperatures (at time t′) in a particle path
Impact of Electromagnetic Waves Generated by Cellular Phones on Male Fertility: A Review

There has been a manifold increase in the number of mobile phone users throughout the world in the past decade, with the current number of users exceeding 2 billion. However, this advancement in technology like many others is accompanied by a progressive boost in the intensity and frequency of emitted electromagnetic waves without consideration of their health consequences. The detrimental impact of these waves is generally classified into thermal and non-thermal effects. While the thermal effects at the present cell phone radiation level are considered negligible, most of the negative biological effects are attributed to the non-thermal effects. The male reproductive system is a highly compartmentalized and sensitive biological system that requires the interaction of extrinsic and intrinsic factors to function properly. In daily living since most men carry their mobile phones in their trouser pockets or in holders close to their reproductive organs, it is worthwhile to evaluate the effect of mobile phones on male fertility. A number of animal and human studies have been done in recent years suggesting a possible role of cell phone exposure on male infertility, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. The effects on sperm motility, concentration and viability have been evaluated in a number of studies but the results are inconclusive. Sperm motility is the only parameter which has seen to be decreased in most of the studies done on this subject so far. Electromagnetic waves may affect the sperms via an EMW-specific effect, thermal molecular effect or a combination of the two. Studies done on humans are scarce; hence further carefully designed studies are needed to determine the effect of electromagnetic waves emitted by cellular phones on male fertility.
Improving transient stability of power systems by using passivity-bassed nonlinear STATCOM controller

This report presents a novel nonlinear control scheme for designing Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM). A passivity-based approach is proposed for designing robust nonlinear STATCOM controller. The mathematical model of STATCOM will be represented by a Euler-Lagrange (EL) system corresponding to a set of EL parameters. The STATCOM modeled in the a–b–c reference frame are first shown to be EL systems whose EL parameters are explicitly identified. The energy-dissipative properties of this model are fully retained under the d-q axis transformation. By employing the Park’s transformation, the differential geometry approach is used to investigate the power system dynamics with considering STATCOM under the synchronous d-q frame. Based on the transformed d-q EL model, passivity-based controllers are then synthesized using the technique of damping injection. Two possible passivity-based feedback designs are discussed, leading to a feasible dynamic current-loop controller. Motivated from the usual power electronics control schemes, the internal dc-bus voltage dynamics are regulated via an outer loop proportional plus integral (PI) controller cascaded to the d-axis current loop. The STATCOM controller based on passivity is obtained with a feedback control law from linear system models. The STATCOM controlled by the proposed passivity-based current control scheme with outer loop PI compensation has the features of enhanced robustness under model uncertainties, decoupled current-loop dynamics, guaranteed zero steady-state error, and asymptotic rejection of constant load disturbance. Digital computer simulation for a large operation point variations have been studied the STATCOM controller design. For analysis of the system performance, the PSCAD/EMTDC programme was applied. Simulation results show that the proposed STATCOM controller can effectively enhance transient stability of the power system even in the presence of large operation point variations.
A Copula-Based Bayesian Network for Modeling Compound Flood Hazard from Riverine and Coastal Interactions at the Catchment Scale: An Application to the Houston Ship Channel, Texas

Traditional flood hazard analyses often rely on univariate probability distributions; however, in many coastal catchments, flooding is the result of complex hydrodynamic interactions between multiple drivers. For example, synoptic meteorological conditions can produce considerable rainfall-runoff, while also generating wind-driven elevated sea levels. When these drivers interact in space and time, they can exacerbate flood impacts; this phenomenon is known as compound flooding. In this paper, we build a Bayesian Network based on Gaussian copulas to generate the equivalent of 500 years of daily stochastic boundary conditions for a coastal watershed in Southeast Texas. In doing so, we overcome many of the limitations of conventional univariate approaches and are able to probabilistically represent compound floods caused by riverine and coastal interactions. We calculate the resulting water levels using a 1D steady-state hydraulic model and find that flood stages in the catchment are strongly affected by backwater effects from tributary inflows and downstream water levels. By comparing with a bathtub modeling approach, we show that simplifying the multivariate dependence between flood drivers can lead to an underestimation of flood impacts, highlighting that accounting for multivariate dependence is critical for the accurate representation of flood risk in coastal catchments prone to compound events.
Performance Characteristics of Cells Containing Two Potentiometric Sensors: Application to a Cell Containing Hydralazinium and Chloride Electrodes

Conventional plastic membrane electrode, selective to hydralazinium cation (Hz) was constructed by incorporation of Hz-phosphotungstate ion associate in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane. The influence of membrane composition, pH of the test solution and foreign ions on the cell performance was investigated. This was compared to the corresponding influence on a cell constructed by replacing the reference electrode in the conventional cell with Cl-selective electrode. The results indicated that the first cell showed Nernstian behavior, while the latter exhibited super Nernstian response. The selectivity for both cases was high. However the working pH range was narrower in case of the cell with two sensors.
Inhibition of Coxsackievirus A24 in permissive Hep2 cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA)

RNA interference is a sequence specific post transcriptional gene silencing mechanism which works through cleaving of nucleic acids by small RNA molecules of 19-21 mers. RNA interference tool found very effective to destroy the pathogenicity of several viruses. The molecular scissor activity of small interfering RNA (siRNA) was applied for inhibition of CoxsackievirusA24 (CA24), an Enterovirus of family Picornaviridae responsible for acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in humans. Four different siRNA molecules were used to target 5’ untranslated region (si5U), cis acting replication element of 2C (siCre), RNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme coding region (si3D pol ) and 3’ untranslated region of CA24. Virus inhibition study by siRNA was done in Hep2 cells. Cytopathic effect, immunofluorescence assay, 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and virus copy number in Real-time PCR assays were used for the validation of virus inhibition potential of designed siRNA. Analysis of cumulative data reflected that si5U and si3D pol are highly efficient to stop CA24 propagation in Hep2 cells. Transfected Hep2 cells with any of these siRNA found refrained for CA24 infection in cell culture, immunofluorescence assay, TCID50 and Real Time PCR assay (p<0.05).
Seismic velocities in Southern Tibet lower crust: a receiver function approach for eclogite detection

SUMMARY Beneath the Tibet plateau, the deficit of crustal thickening with respect to what is expected from the plate tectonic constraints is thought to be absorbed either by lateral extrusion or by vertical rock-mass transfer. To nourish the unsettled debate of the relative importance of these two processes, we propose a new approach, based on the S-to-P and the P-to-S wave conversions, enabling the precise determination of the seismic velocities. The weighted amplitudes of the direct conversion and of reverberations are stacked at their predicted arrival times for various values of layer thickness and vP/vS ratio separately for two sets of P- and S-receiver functions. For each set of receiver functions, coherent stack gives the vP/ vS ratio and thickness for the considered layer (the grid search stacking method). The values of vP/vS ratio and layer thickness are functions of the velocity used for stacking the set of receiver functions, but using the P- and S-receiver functions allows us to solve this indetermination and to find the effective parameters of the layer: velocity vS, vP/ vS ratio and thickness. We use a bootstrap resampling of the receiver function data sets to estimate the parameters uncertainties. For the Southern Lhasa Block, the migrated sections of both P- and S-receiver functions (Hi-CLIMB experiment data) show a layer in the lower crust that may be related to the lower Indian crust underplated beneath Tibet. With the grid search stacking method, high shear wave velocities (vS ∼ 4.73 km s –1 ) and low vP/vS ratios (∼1.69) are detected in this layer. Such values are typical for high-grade eclogites, and the low vP/vS ratio precludes the confusion with mafic granulites. There is no evidence for partial eclogitization near and south of the Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture, and the about 19 km thick eclogitic layer extends northwards only to about the middle of the Lhasa terrane.
Diel habitat-use patterns of commercially important fishes in a marine protected area in the Philippines

The diel habitat-use patterns of commercially important fishes in a small marine protected area (MPA) (0.31 km 2 ) containing coral reef and seagrass habitats were examined by passive acoustic telemetry during 2011 and 2012. The occurrence patterns of the target fishes both inside and outside the MPA were also observed. Thirty individuals from 6 species (20.2 to 41.4 cm fork length) were caught, acoustically tagged and released inside the MPA, and 4 to 210 d of tracking data were then obtained from 28 detected fishes. Lutjanus monostigma, Lethrinus atkin- soni, and Lethrinus obsoletus were found to mostly inhabit the coral reef. The remaining 3 species (Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lethrinus harak, and Siganus guttatus) utilized both coral and seagrass habitats but showed different patterns: Lutjanus argentimaculatus visited seagrass only at night; Lethrinus harak occurred in the coral reef more at night than in the day, showing the opposite pattern in seagrass; and S. guttatus exhibited the converse pattern to L. harak. More than one-third of the tracked individuals moved inside and outside the MPA more than once per day on average during the tracking period. However, 95.4% of detections were recorded by acoustic receivers deployed inside the MPA. Underwater visual surveys revealed that the densities of some target fishes were significantly higher inside than outside the MPA. These findings suggest that the MPA protects the core of fish home ranges.
Adhesion of bacteria and diatoms to surfaces in the sea : a review

The initial event in biofilm formation on marine surfaces is the adsorption of an organic layer. This is followed usually by microorganisms and more developed forms, but there appears to be no obligatory order in this succession. The influence of the substratum chemistry on the rate and the extent of adhesion of microorganisms is still not fully agreed because many types of organisms in differing physiological states have been used, making consensus difficult. Sometimes the surface chemistry of the substratum was not established, which further clouds the picture. Genetic evidence now supports the idea that surface proximity promotes the induction of new metabolic capabilities in microorganisms, however the environmental signal responsible for this is not agreed. We propose that restricted diffusion at a surface plays a role in the process. Support for the hypothesis that the biofilm matrix polymers are not the adhesives involved in the initial attachment of cells to surfaces is growing. Diatom adhesion is a more complicated process than that for bacteria and requires glycoprotein and protein synthesis as well as metabolic energy, i.e. it is not a passive process. Bacteria can utilize surface-bound substrates and it is possible that diatoms attached to sediment grains can exploit their attached existence also by moving along concentration gradients of dissolved organic substances in adjacent pore waters. Practical interest in the adhesion of marine microorganisms derives from their role in the degradation of man-made structures. A film of organisms only a few microns in thickness causes the hydrodynamic drag on a ship to increase considerably. Investigations of the means by which marine microorganisms adhere to surfaces have been taking place for more that 50 yr, yet we still do not understand completely the mechanisms involved.