Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brivaracetam for the treatment of epilepsy

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting about 1% of the population worldwide. With currently available antiepileptic drugs, one-third of patients continue to suffer from seizures even when treated at maximally tolerated dosages, either in monotherapy or in various drug combinations. Pharmacoresistance is associated with physical risks, reduced life expectancy, reduced quality of life and impairments in social opportunities. The acetamide derivate levetiracetam (LEV) that primarily targets the synaptic vesicle protein 2A has been one of the most successful second-generation antiepileptic drugs. Areas covered: This article reviews a rationally designed LEV derivative, brivaracetam (BRV), which has an increased affinity to the LEV-binding site. BRV has shown some efficacy in the treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy and is under development to be used as an add-on treatment of focal epilepsy. Evidence is given for possible advantages related to the higher intrinsic antiepileptic efficacy of BRV and its antiepileptic potential in relation to a wide spectrum of epilepsy forms and for possible disadvantages related to hepatic metabolism and to a lower therapeutic index related to additional intrinsic activity at the sodium channel. An update on pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and study data published until 2010 on BRV is given. Expert opinion: BRV is a rationally developed third-generation antiepileptic drug with higher binding to SV2A and additional mechanisms of actions. Animal studies are promising regarding its efficacy in a wide spectrum of epilepsy models. Clinical studies have shown good tolerability at dosages of up to 50 mg/day but have yet to identify the optimal dose range and to prove an additional value of the drug in terms of seizure control.
Etude comparative entre la commande vectorielle directe et indirecte de la Machine Asynchrone à Double Alimentation (MADA) dédiée à une application éolienne

Cet article presente la modelisation et la commande vectorielle d'une generatrice asynchrone a double alimentation ( GADA) integree dans un systeme d'energie eolienne. L’objectif est d’appliquer cette technique de commande pour controler independamment les puissances active et reactive generees par la GADA. Enfin, les performances du systeme ont testees et comparees par simulation en termes de suivi de consignes , et la robustesse vis-a-vis aux variations parametriques de la GADA .
Sport commitment among competitive female athletes: Test of an expanded model

Abstract In the present study, we examined an expanded model of sport commitment by adding two determinants (perceived costs and perceived competence) and behavioural commitment as a consequence of psychological commitment, as well as identifying psychological commitment as a mediator of relationships between determinants and behavioural commitment. Competitive female gymnasts (N = 304, age 8–18 years) completed relevant measures while coaches rated each gymnast's training behaviours as an indicator of behavioural commitment. Path analysis revealed that the best fitting model was one in which original determinants (enjoyment, involvement opportunities, investments, attractive alternatives) and an added determinant (perceived costs) predicted psychological commitment, in addition to investments and perceived costs directly predicting behavioural commitment. These results provide further, but partial, support for the sport commitment model and also suggest that additional determinants and behavioural consequences be considered in future research.
Effect of Alcohol Extract of Prunus avium on In vitro Sperm Activation of Human Semen Samples

The Wild cherry, Sweet cherry (botanic name, Prunus avium) is a species of cherry fruits which has wide distribution in the world. To evaluate the efficacy of using global medium alone versus global medium plus alcohol extract of Prunus avium for in vitro sperm activation (ISA) to asthenozoospermic human semen samples to improve sperm parameters. The study was done on thirty five asthenozoospermic human semen samples. The semen parameters were recorded according to WHO criteria (1999). All semen samples were undergone activation, by using Global medium alone as control group, and by using a mixture of global medium with ethanol extract of Prunus avium to be considered as an experimental group. The results were recorded 30 minutes and 60 minutes after incubation. The results of this study showed significant difference (P˂0.05) in percentage of sperm moƟlity, grade A, grade B and percentage of normal sperm morphology of post activation with Global medium compared with pre-activation results of semen samples, there were significant difference (P˂0.05) in these results between the experimental group and control group 30 and 60 minutes after activation. Mixing of alcohol extract of Prunus avium with sperm activation media has enhancing effect on sperm parameters.
A 40~900MHz Broadband CMOS Differential LNA with Gain-Control for DTV RF Tuner

This paper presents a 40-900 MHz broadband CMOS differential LNA with gain control for DTV RF tuner application. The LNA is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18-mum CMOS process. The broadband differential LNA uses dual-feedback and shunt-shunt feedback topologies to achieve high and flat broadband response. The LNA is designed with 75 Omega/75 Omega differential input/output impedance for 75-Omega TV system application. The circuit measurement is performed using an FR-4 PCB test fixture. In the frequency range of 40~900MHz, the LNA exhibits a gain of 20.26 plusmn 0.41 dB, noise figure less than 5dB, and input P1dB between -19.5 ~ plusmn;20.3 dBm. The gain tuning range is from 20 to -42.8 ~ 5 dB over 40-900 MHz range. The power consumption is 43 mW at VDD = 1 8 V
Distribution of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 in the mouse brain

Previous studies in rats have demonstrated that microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) is induced in brain vascular cells that also express inducible cyclooxygenase‐2, suggesting that such cells are the source of the increased PGE2 levels that are seen in the brain following peripheral immune stimulation, and that are associated with sickness responses such as fever, anorexia, and stress hormone release. However, while most of what is known about the functional role of mPGES‐1 for these centrally evoked symptoms is based on studies on genetically modified mice, the cellular localization of mPGES‐1 in the mouse brain has not been thoroughly determined. Here, using a newly developed antibody that specifically recognizes mouse mPGES‐1 and dual‐labeling for cell‐specific markers, we report that mPGES‐1 is constitutively expressed in the mouse brain, being present not only in brain endothelial cells, but also in several other cell types and structures, such as capillary‐associated pericytes, astroglial cells, leptomeninges, and the choroid plexus. Regional differences were seen with particularly prominent labeling in autonomic relay structures such as the area postrema, the subfornical organ, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, the arcuate nucleus, and the preoptic area. Following immune stimulation, mPGES‐1 in brain endothelial cells, but not in other mPGES‐1‐positive cells, was coexpressed with cyclooxygenase‐2, whereas there was no coexpression between mPGES‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐1. These data imply a widespread synthesis of PGE2 or other mPGES‐1‐dependent products in the mouse brain that may be related to inflammation‐induced sickness symptom as well as other functions, such as blood flow regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3229–3244, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design - Separating User Interface Code

The first program I wrote on a salary was scientific calculation software in Fortran. As I was writing, I noticed that the code running the primitive menu system differed in style from the code carrying out the calculations. So I separated the routines for these tasks, which paid off when I was asked to create higher-level tasks that did several of the individual menu steps. I could just write a routine that called the calculation routines directly without involving the menus. Thus, I learned for myself a design principle that's served me well in software development: Keep your user interface code separate from everything else. It's a simple rule, embodied into more than one application framework, but it's often not followed, which causes quite a bit of trouble.
Beyond whole grain: The European HEALTHGRAIN project aims at healthier cereal foods

Cereal foods are an important source of carbohydrates and dietary fiber in our diet. Epidemiological evidence increasingly demonstrates that a diet rich in whole grain is protective against development of diet-related disorders such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The majority of cereal foods today, however, are made from refined wheat flour. The grain processing industry therefore faces challenges and opportunities to produce new ingredients and foods with added value for consumer health. Against this background, the European Community decided to support the HEALTHGRAIN project (www.healthgrain. org) over the 2005-2010 period as part of the 6th Framework Food Research Program. HEALTHGRAIN aims to improve the well-being of humankind and to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome-related diseases in Europe by increasing the intake of protective compounds in whole grains or their fractions. It presents an integrated, multidisciplinary effort to determine the variation in composition, process-induced changes, and human metabolism of bioactive compounds in the major European bread grains wheat and rye and to reveal the physiological mechanisms underlying their role in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and related diseases. The target bioactive compounds are vitamins (folate, tocols, choline), phytochemicals (lignans, sterols, alkylresorcinols, phenolic acids), and indigestible carbohydrates (dietary fiber). Also, other product characteristics that may add to the metabolic benefits of whole grain products are promoted. The work is carried out in 17 work packages, distributed over five modules, and carried out by 43 organizations from 15 European countries. © 2006 AACC International, Inc.
Determination of wound strength for quantitation of skin damage after pressure ischemia. An experimental study in rabbits.

Rabbits skin folds were placed in plexiglass chambers enabling control of the skin fold temperature during cuff compression (200 mmHg) for 4 hours. In 10 animals the skin folds were kept at 36 degrees C - in another 10 animals the skin fold temperature was lowered to 10 degrees C. To quantitate the skin injury caused by the pressure ischemia a standardized wound was made, and immediately closed, after release of pressure. Control wounds were made in normal skin. Seven days later the mechanical strength of the wounds was tested by determination of breaking load. There was no significant difference in breaking load between the wounds made in normal skin and in the skin folds kept at 10 degrees C, whereas the breaking loads was significantly decreased in the wounds made in skin folds kept at 36 degrees C, i.e. normal skin temperature, compared with the controls. Thus, the results show that cooling may preserve the reparative capacity in skin subjected to pressure ischemia. It is assumed that this effect is related to a lowered cell metabolism during the ischemia. It may also be concluded that the pressure (mechanical) injury, being the same in both temperature groups, is less important than the ischemic injury.
Two Novel and Selective Nonimidazole H3 Receptor Antagonists A-304121 and A-317920: II. In Vivo Behavioral and Neurophysiological Characterization

Pharmacological blockade of central histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) enhances cognition in rodents and offers promise for the clinical treatment of neurological disorders. However, many previously characterized H3R antagonists are either not selective for H3Rs or have potentially significant tolerability issues. Here, we present in vivo behavioral and neurophysiological data for two novel and selective H3R antagonists with improved safety indices. Functional blockade of central H3Rs was first demonstrated for A-304121 [(4-(3-(4-((2R)-2-aminopropanoyl)-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)phenyl)cyclopropylmethanone] (1 mg/kg) and A-317920 [N-((1R)-2-(4-(3-(4-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)phenoxy)propyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-furamide] (0.45 mg/kg) by significantly attenuating an acute dipsogenia response to the selective H3R agonist (R)-α-methylhistamine [(R)-α-MeHA]. Cognitive performance was improved in a five-trial rat pup avoidance test following administration of A-304121 (10 mg/kg) or A-317920 (3 mg/kg), with efficacy comparable with previously published observations for reference H3R antagonists thioperamide (10 mg/kg), ciproxifan (3 mg/kg), and GT-2331 [(1R,2R)-4-(2-(5,5-dimethylhex-1-ynyl)cyclopropyl)imidazole] (1 mg/kg). Social memory was also significantly enhanced in the adult rat with A-304121 (3, 10 mg/kg) and A-317920 (1, 3 mg/kg) at doses that produced no significant change in electroencephalogram slow-wave amplitude activity. Relative therapeutic indices (TIs) of 30 and 42 were estimated for A-304121 and A-317920, respectively, by comparing doses producing adverse effects in general observation studies with potency in inhibitory avoidance, which were superior to TIs of 8, 10, and 18 observed for the reference antagonists thioperamide, ciproxifan, and GT-2331, respectively. A-304121 and A-317920 represent a series of novel, H3R-selective piperazine amides that enhance cognition in vivo, which could offer advantages over existing H3R antagonists or cognition-enhancing agents.
A review of vitamin D supplementation as disease-modifying therapy

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and a major contributor to disability of young adults in western countries. MS prevalence is highest in areas with low vitamin D. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble compound with numerous physiologic responses, including immune regulation. An increasing volume of work suggests that lower levels of serum vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of MS and a more severe disease course. With the suggestion of a role in MS disease activity, increasing attention is being paid to the potential of using vitamin D as an add-on therapy to established MS disease-modifying therapies. Several preliminary studies have reported results which have shown some promise, but none has yet provided significant evidence of a clinically meaningful improvement. We review our recommendations for off-label supplementation in the context of these findings.
Can clean air make you happy? Examining the effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on life satisfaction

In order to estimate the welfare effects of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), we combine life satisfaction data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and UK Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS) with detailed air quality records held by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). To address endogeneity concerns, we linked these with a variety of georeferenced datasets capturing differences in economic, social and environmental conditions across neighbourhoods. We also took advantage of the panel nature of our data by employing individual fixed effects. Our results suggest a significant and negative association between mean annual ambient NO2 and life satisfaction, and moreover that these effects are substantive and comparable to that of many â€™big hittingâ€™ life events.
Fine structure of photoreceptors in the owl monkey

The owl monkey (Aotes trivirgatus) differs from most primates in being nocturnal in habit and having primarily scotopic vision. Photoreceptor cells of the retina of this species were studied with the electron microscope and compared with corresponding cells of other primates. No striking qualitative differences were noted. Most of the receptors are typical rods, but approximately 5% are cones, based on the following features: shorter, tapering outer segments, discs with smooth rather than scalloped margins and with uniformly narrow internal spaces, the membranes of which in some cases are continuous with the plasma membrane; broad inner segments with numerous mitochondria; nuclei that lie immediately against the outer Junctional zone (outer limiting membrane) with relatively thick inner fibers leading to large pedicles in the floor of which are numerous typical “synaptic triads. ” One relatively unusual feature of the rods is the prominence of the striated rootlets associated with the basal bodies of the cilium‐like connecting pieces. An apparently intimate relation of the rootlets to investing mitochondria, especially to their tubular internal cristae, is discussed with regard to the possibility of a function for the rootlet other than static anchoring of the cilium.
Common Patterns of Cloud Business Models

Cloud computing has been established as a significant topic in the information technology (IT) industry, especially since cloud services are expanding in the portfolios of IT service providers. New businesses emerged to provide cloud services and established businesses extend their traditional business with aspects of cloud computing. The contribution of this paper is how the cloud focus influences the IT service provider’s business model. Based on an extensive literature analysis and synthesis, the characteristics of a cloud business model are transferred into a structured research framework with 103 design features. Subsequently, cloud business models of 29 selected IT service providers are analyzed and matched with the framework. With the help of a cluster analysis, four common patterns of combination are identified for cloud business models. Finally, these patterns will be evaluated with respect to critical success factors and to issue recommendations for action.
Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels

This memo specifies the frame format for transmission of IPv6 [IPV6] packets and the method of forming IPv6 link-local addresses over IPv4 domains. It also specifies the content of the Source/Target Link- layer Address option used in the Router Solicitation, Router Advertisement, Neighbor Solicitation, and Neighbor Advertisement and Redirect messages, when those messages are transmitted on an IPv4 multicast network.
Experimenting Industrial Internet with a mobile robot: Expanding human cognitive functions

Industrial Internet can be viewed as a big opportunity for industry. A large variety of Industrial Internet solutions will change the role of humans in industrial processes. This paper presents our practical experiences using Industrial Internet with a mobile robot. Several sensors embedded in the robot enabled its use for fire detection. The robot was able to analyze data collected from sensors or send the data to cloud computing systems for analysis. Our experiments showed that mobile robots can be utilized in condition-based monitoring and maintenance. The mobile robot can be part of the remote monitoring system when sensor information requires enrichment with visual abilities. Our study also examined the impact of the Industrial Internet on human activities in an industrial use case. The study showed potential opportunities and how it will challenge the employees.
Sparse control of alignment models in high dimension

For high dimensional particle systems, governed by smooth nonlinearities depending on mutual distances between particles, one can construct low-dimensional representations of the dynamical system, which allow the learning of nearly optimal control strategies in high dimension with overwhelming confidence. In this paper we present an instance of this general statement tailored to the sparse control of models of consensus emergence in high dimension, projected to lower dimensions by means of random linear maps. We show that one can steer, nearly optimally and with high probability, a high-dimensional alignment model to consensus by acting at each switching time on one agent of the system only, with a control rule chosen essentially exclusively according to information gathered from a randomly drawn low-dimensional representation of the control system.
Reversal of long-term LH deprivation on testosterone secretion and Leydig cell volume, number and proliferation in adult rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Leydig cell volume and function could recover fully from long-term LH deprivation upon restoration of endogenous LH secretion, and whether the restoration of LH would elicit a mitogenic response, i.e. stimulate Leydig cell proliferation or affect Leydig cell number per testis. LH secretion was inhibited by treating adult rats with testosterone and oestradiol-filled (TO) silicone elastomer implants (16 weeks), and was restored by removing the implants. Changes in serum concentrations of LH and FSH, LH-stimulated testosterone secretion by testes perfused in vitro, Leydig cell volume and number per testis, average Leydig cell volume and Leydig cell [3H]thymidine incorporation were measured at weekly intervals following implant removal. The TO implants inhibited (P less than 0.01) LH secretion, but serum concentrations of FSH were not significantly different (P greater than 0.10) from control values. After implant removal, serum LH returned to control values within 1 week, whereas serum FSH increased twofold (P less than 0.01) and returned to control values at 4 weeks. LH-stimulated in-vitro testosterone secretion was inhibited by more than 99% in TO-implanted rats, but increased (P less than 0.01) to 80% of control values by 8 weeks after implant removal. The total volume of Leydig cells per testis and the volume of an average Leydig cell were 14 and 19% of control values respectively, after 16 weeks of TO implantation (P less than 0.01), but returned to 83 and 86% of controls (P greater than 0.10) respectively, by 6 weeks after implant removal. Leydig cell proliferation ([3H]thymidine labelling index) was low (less than 0.1%) in both control and TO-implanted rats, increased (P less than 0.01) fivefold from 1 to 4 weeks after implant removal and then declined to control values at 6 weeks. The increase in Leydig cell [3H]thymidine incorporation was mimicked by treating TO-implanted rats with exogenous LH, but not FSH. Leydig cells were identified in both the interstitium and the lamina propria of the seminiferous epithelium. The proportion of Leydig cell nuclei in the lamina propria was 30-fold greater (P less than 0.01) at 1 and 3 weeks after implant removal (3%) compared with that for control and TO-implanted rats (0.1%). Total Leydig cell number per testis was marginally but not significantly (P = 0.06) decreased in rats treated with TO implants for 16 weeks when compared with controls (18.4 +/- 2.2 vs 25.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(6)). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)