Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Dependent Infrared Spectroscopy of Proton-Conducting Hydrated Perovskite BaInxZr1-xO3-x/2 (x=0.10-0.75)

We investigate the temperature dependence of the O-H stretch band in the infrared absorbance spectra of the proton-conducting hydrated perovskites BaInxZr1-xO3-x/2 (x = 0.10-0.75) over the temperature range -160 to 350 degrees C. Upon increasing temperature from -160 to 30 degrees C, we show that there is a redistribution of protons from nonsymmetrical structural configurations, such as Zr-OH-In and Zr-OH-Zr-vacancy, where the degree of hydrogen bonding between the protons and neighboring oxygens is strong, to symmetrical configurations, such as Zr-OH-Zr and In-OH-In, where hydrogen bonding is weaker. Spectra measured at elevated temperatures, 30-350 degrees C, indicate preferential desorption of protons in sites where the degree of hydrogen bonding is strong, and show that the materials gradually dehydrate with increasing temperature. The dehydration rate is found to be highest in the temperature range 275-325 degrees C. Furthermore, the spectroscopic results indicate that strong hydrogen bonding, caused by dopant-induced short-range structural distortions, is favorable for high proton mobility and that the rate-limiting step in the conduction mechanism is the proton transfer between neighboring oxygens.
Nonlinear modelling of data in photomineralization kinetics of organic micropollutants by photocatalytic membranes immobilizing titanium dioxide in membrane reactors

Kinetic fitting of substrate disappearance and of total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization of organic micropollutants, in water and air, by photocatalytic membranes immobilizing titanium dioxide, was carried out. A model was used in which mineralization of substrate to CO2 is supposed to occur, with kinetic constant k1, through one single intermediate, mediating the behaviour of all the numerous real intermediates formed in the path to CO2, kinetic constant of formation of the latter being k2. A competitive Langmuirian‐type adsorption of both substrate and ‘intermediate’ was also supposed to be operative, as expressed by pseudo‐thermodynamic constants K1 and K2 respectively, these constants possessing a, partly at least, kinetic significance. Nonlinear models could be fitted to data by using the least‐squares method. The very satisfactory matching is shown for the laboratory‐scale mineralization kinetics of methane, as model molecule of aliphatic contaminants, both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. Furthermore, in pilot plant experiments, using phenol, as model molecule of aromatics, modelling of quantum yields was carried out, as a function of concentration and of adsorbed radiant power. Kinetics of hydroxyl radicals reacting between themselves, leading to hydrogen peroxide, other than with substrate or intermediates leading to mineralization, was considered, paralleled by a second competition kinetics due to superoxide anion radical and its conjugate acid, equally leading to mineralization. In this model the contribution of hydroxyl radicals to mineralization decreases with irradiance, while the contribution of superoxide anion radical and its conjugate acid increases. If the regression equations of these two contributions are considered together, in a linear combination, the surface model perfectly fits the experimental data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of Krypton and Xenon on Various Adsorbents

The noble gases, krypton and xenon, were adsorbed on three kinds of molecular-sieves (AW-500, 5A and 13X), as well as on activated charcoals (Tsurumi-HC-30, Takeda-G, -L), at pressures from 10-2mmHg to 1 atm at temperatures ranging from —78—, 0— to 25°C. The adsorption isotherms of krypton and xenon on MS-5A and −13X are linearly proportional to pressure, and are considered to follow de Boer type isotherms. However, the isotherms for other adsorbents are shown to follow the Langmuir pattern. All the isotherms are discussed in terms of functions of the heat of adsorption and surface area. The adsorbents, that show the Langmuir isotherm pattern, are considered to be efficient for practical use in removing or recovering noble gases.
Effects of Feeding Herb Resources Powder on Meat Quality and Sensory Properties in Korean Native Black Goat

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different herb resource powders on meat quality and sensory properties in Korean native black goat for 500 d. The experimental treatment was arranged with 24 heads (3 treatment/8 heads) by control group, T1 and T2 group respectively (Control, not added herb powders; T1, 1% added herb powders; T2, 2% added herb powders). Total weight gain for the Korean native black goat was the highest in T2 group feeding for 500 days, and daily gain tended to be similar to the total weight gain. The total feed intake were the highest as 519.20 kg in T2 group, although feed conversion showed 18.35 in the T2 group, which means it had the best feed efficiency compared to the other treatment groups. The carcass rate was higher in the T1 group (51.10%) than in the other groups (p0.05). Also, the overall sensory evaluation of the treatment group revealed low scores, meaning more meat flavor than those of the control in tenderness, flavor, texture, and black goat off-flavor and overall evaluation (p
Arsenite and Arsenate Adsorption Behavior Employing Different Crystal Forms of Iron Oxyhydroxide Coexisting with Soil

In order to evaluate a potential adsorbent to remove arsenic in soil, the asenite/arsenate adsorption properties in soil were examined by employing three different crystalline types of iron oxyhydroxides, α-FeOOH (goethite), β-FeOOH (akaganeite) and γ-FeOOH (lepidocrocite). A weathered granite soil (Masatsuchi) and a clay were used in the experiment. These soils showed a rather lower arsenic uptake than FeOOH. The arsenite/arsenate uptakes by the FeOOHs strongly depended on the pH of the equilibrium solution. The arsenic uptakes at pH = 7 with or without the soils were well-fitted by Freundlich’s equation. The arsenite/arsenate uptakes by α-FeOOH and the arsenate uptake by γ-FeOOH were negatively affected by coexistence of the soils, presumably due to leaching components such as sulfate ions from the soils, though the similar arsenite/arsenate uptakes around several mg-As/g were observed by these three types of FeOOHs.
Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of InN by rf-plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy

The orientation-dependent lateral growth of InN was studied and the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of InN by rf-plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy was demonstrated for the first time using stripe molybdenum (Mo)-mask-patterned sapphire (0001) substrates. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed a high dislocation density of ∼5x10-9 cm-2 in the window region. By contrast, very few threading dislocations were observed in the wing region. In particular, there were no threading dislocations in the superficial layer of up to 3 μm width. An InN ELO sample exhibited narrow near-IR emission with a peak photon energy of 0.677 eV and a linewidth of 16.7 meV at 4 K.
Electrochemical Stability of LiMF6 ( M = P , As , Sb ) in Tetrahydrofuran and Sulfolane

The electrochemical stability of LiSbF6 and LiPF6 in aprotic organic solvents has been investigated. Electrochemical studies, conductivity measurements, and open-circuit stability tests were conducted on LiSbF6 in tetrahydrofuran and sulfolane. Cyclic voltammetric studies of SbF6(-) were compared with those of AsF6(-) and PF6(-) anions. Sb(V) was reduced to Sb(III), and then to Sb(0). AsF6(-) was reduced to AsF3, while no reduction of PF6(-) was observed. The reduction products of AsF6(-) and SbF6(-) passivated the glassy carbon electrode, presumably due to LiF precipitation. Peak potentials were observed to shift in the positive direction as a function of concentration. This was accounted for on the basis of a follow-up chemical reaction.
Confined geometry effects on reorientational dynamics of molecular liquids in porous silica glasses

This work investigates the relative role of the pure geometrical confinement and the strength of the surface effect on the dynamics of liquids in porous silica glasses prepared by the sol‐gel process. The deuteron NMR spin‐lattice relaxation times T1 of several molecular liquids in porous silica glasses are reported as function of pore size in the range from 18 to 143 A over the temperature range from 260 to 310 K. Molecular liquids studied include strongly interacting polar liquids such as pyridine‐d5, aniline‐d5, and nitrobenzene‐d5, whereas the saturated cyclic hydrocarbon liquids of cyclohexane‐d12 and cis‐decalin‐d18 represent the weakly interacting liquids. In a first approximation, toluene‐d1 and dioxane‐d18 are chosen as examples of liquids with intermediate interactions with the silica surface. The experimental relaxation data are analyzed by using the two‐state, fast‐exchange model which is found to be valid for the strongly interacting liquids and liquids with intermediate interactions. In term.
Use of Mixolab in Predicting Rice Quality

ABSTRACT Mixolab is a new instrument with capability to measure starch pasting properties on actual dough. It characterizes dough rheological behavior using a dual constraints of mixing and temperature. Rice samples (183) collected from 15 provinces across China were tested to determine the possibility of using Mixolab in predicting rice quality. Mixolab measurements, torque (Nm) at different mixing and heating stages (C1 to C5) were compared with rice quality characteristics (gelatinization temperature and consistency, amylose and protein contents), Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA) parameters and sensory assessments scores of cooked rice. Our results showed that Mixolab parameters were good indicators of amylose and protein content and quality suggested by significant correlations among Mixolab parameters, and between Mixolab and RVA measurements. Based on a subsample of 30 rice cultivars, correlation coefficients between the Mixolab parameter C4 and sensory assessment characteristics of palatability and total.
Migration of trace metals in Italian drinking waters from distribution networks

Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption establishes a high level of protection for the consumer and requires Member States to ensure that substances and materials used in preparation and distribution of drinking water do not reduce that level of protection. The Directive's point of compliance is at consumers’ taps. This implies a need for control of all drinking water construction products, including pipes and fittings within consumers’ premises. Most of the metals used in metallic construction products are controlled as parameters by the Drinking Water Directive. The stricter requirements that have been imposed by the 98/83/EC Directive indicate a need for a stricter scrutiny of the leaching characteristics of currently available metallic products. In the light of the above report, a scientific study aiming at the determination of variations in drinking water quality as an effect of interactions with metallic materials in distribution systems was conducted. In Italy, 15 main water suppliers and 13 state laboratories homogeneously distributed over the country, except for Sardinia, were involved in the research. 6000 samples were taken from 3800 sampling sites selected according to specific criteria and following specific sampling procedures. The samples were analyzed for Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn and these experimental data were completed with information on buildings, pipes, etc. The major problems with respect to the metals originated from Fe, Ni, and Pb. High Fe concentrations could be related to corrosion processes, Ni outliers to tap materials and Pb levels to lead pipes in old buildings. With respect to the sampling procedures (random without flushing, migration for 30 min or 240 min, both after 5 min of flushing) the statistical analysis showed that random sampling without flushing gave results similar to those ensuing from 4 h migration time, and this for all types of metals.
Hierarchically porous honeycomb-like carbon as a lithium–oxygen electrode

In this work, hierarchically porous honeycomb-like carbon (HCC) was prepared and used in the fabrication of the air electrode for lithium–oxygen batteries. The HCC-based electrode was found to yield an obviously higher specific capacity of 3233 mA h g−1 without the addition of catalysts and an improved cycle efficiency with a higher discharge voltage plateau (2.75 V vs. 2.50 V) than conventional carbon. The enhanced performance is largely ascribed to its unique porous structure, which consists of large tunnels for oxygen diffusion into the inner electrode and nanosized pores, which serve as reactive sites for oxygen reduction reactions and provide more room for accumulation of deposits. Furthermore, HCC samples with different pore sizes of 400 and 100 nm were investigated in lithium–oxygen batteries. There is a significant relationship between the discharge performance and the diameter.
How I Got Here: Personal Narratives of Youth Mental Health Difficulties and Recovery

New Zealand is currently facing high rates of youth mental health difficulties and suicide. While there is growing recognition that young people can offer useful insight into their own experiences, there is a paucity of research exploring youth perspectives on what is known as “recovery” from serious mental health problems. This study sought to address this research gap by conducting narrative style interviews with 12 young people who self-identified as having once experienced mental health difficulties, but now being some way along the recovery process. The interview data was analysed using both narrative and thematic methods. The narrative analysis identified five different types of narratives participants used to describe their experiences. This variation was largely based on different causal explanations that young people utilised to account for their difficulties. These explanations appeared to shape their subsequent recovery and also had significant implications for their sense of self. The thematic analysis identified themes relating to the way participants described the role of professional support in their recovery. While young people described it being difficult to engage with mental health services overall, they also found positive relationships and specific interventions helpful. Both analyses highlighted participants’ emphasis on self-responsibility and agency, yet described significant limitations on their ability to successfully exert this. Overall, these findings emphasised the personal, active nature of recovery. While many of the recovery processes and concepts identified in adult literature are relevant to youth recovery, young people also face unique challenges. These related to young people’s relative dependence on both familial and formal systems of care, limitations on their agency and emphasis on identity development during this period of life. These findings suggest that health professionals should attempt to work together in partnership with the young people that they are supporting, to create an individualised approach to their care. They should also be aware of the significant impact these experiences can have on a young person’s identity. Significant changes to the mental health system may be required to enable clinicians to work in this personalised, recovery focused way. YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH DIFFICULTIES AND RECOVERY ii
Egilman’s assessment regarding exposures of auto mechanics to amphiboles is correct

Dear Dr. Gardner: We are responding to Dr. Paustenbach’s 2,514 word response almost entirely devoted to one sentence of Dr. Egilman’s original letter: “Victor/Dana used crocidolite in gaskets until at least 1963, Borg Warner used crocidolite in transmission friction plates, Ford hygienists were aware of the use of amosite in brakes, Maremont used crocidolite during the Canadian asbestos strike, and Borg Warner admitted that it used crocidolite in brakes in one set of sworn interrogatories, and denied this in another. ” The regular readers of this publication may wonder why so much ink is being spilled over what may seem to be a trivial issue: whether or not brake workers are exposed to amphibole (amosite, crocidolite or tremolite) asbestoscontaining products when they repair or replace automobile parts including brake pads, clutches, gaskets, transmission bands, and mufflers. Every year hundreds of automobile repair workers develop mesothelioma and some of them sue automobile parts manufacturers/sellers for compensation (Lemen, 2004). In fact, hundreds of millions (perhaps) billions of dollars are at stake. In asbestos litigation generally, and in automobile cases in particular, many companies have concocted a “fiber type” defense (Welch, 2007; Egilman et al., 2011). While there are variations, the central feature of this defense is a claim that whichever fiber type was used in a particular company’s products has not been shown to cause mesothelioma. It is undisputed, outside courtrooms, that all fiber types cause lung cancer. Since chrysotile constituted 95% of the fiber used in the US, companies have developed a second line of defense: according to them tremolite found in chrysotile rather than the chrysotile itself is the major cause of mesothelioma in those exposed to chrysotile. Finally, they argue that although chrysotile itself can cause mesothelioma, this only occurs with massive exposure while tremolite and other amphiboles are far more potent. This argument is based on a misinterpretation of the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association studies and has been debunked (Egilman et al., 2003). The “dispute,” which is designed to manufacture doubt over the relative toxicity of different fiber types, did not arise until regulation and litigation commenced in the late 1960s. The tremolite theory was first published in 1995 (McDonald and McDonald, 1995). As a result, asbestos product companies have poured more than fifty million dollars to fund “research” that will show that their products do not contain amphiboles (Egilman et al., 2011). This explains the vehemence and surliness of the current exchange. This is not a dispute over science; it is a dispute that sounds like science. The actual subject matter is the compensation of injured workers, relatives and bystanders which has taken the form of a scientific dispute.
Life Simulation of a Graphite/LiFePO4 Cell under Cycling and Storage

An aging model of a commercial graphite/LiFePO4 cell is developed that takes into account side-reaction kinetics and solventdiffusion limitations across growing passive films at both electrodes. Additionally, a progressive loss of active material at the anode is implemented as an empirical function of current density, temperature and lithium content in the anode particles. The model is calibrated using 1-year aging experiments under eight different conditions, consisting either of cycling or storage. Side-reaction and passive-film parameters are adjusted by means of the aging data of OCP-stored cells, and cycling conditions are simulated based on that set of parameters. A good agreement is found between cycling experiments and simulations if the loss of anode active material is dependent on the lithium content in the particles, with more loss experienced for the Li-rich particles. Still, simulations progressively depart from experiments for the most severe conditions (cycling at 45◦C), which suggests the existence of an additional aging phenomenon that is not accounted for in the present model. Once the model is validated, simulations are readily performed at longer time than experiments in order to determine the battery lifetime under various aging conditions, providing they remain in the range of applicability of the model. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.049208jes] All rights reserved.
Modification of epoxidised canola oil

Epoxidation of canola oil was carried out using a peroxyacid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and a carboxylic acid (acetic or formic acid) in the presence of liquid inorganic acid, H2SO4, as catalyst. Acetic acid was found to be a better oxygen carrier than formic acid as it gave about 11% more conversion of ethylenic unsaturation to oxirane than that given by formic acid under otherwise identical conditions. A high temperature of above 65 °C is significantly unfavourable for achieving high oxirane numbers, as the selectivity to oxirane ring opening reaction increases. Higher concentrations (above 0.5 mol/mol of ethylenic unsaturation) of acetic acid, formic acid or hydrogen peroxide are also detrimental (mainly, the carboxylic acids) but much less than that of the temperature effect. From a detailed process developmental study, the parameters optimised were a temperature of 65 °C, acetic acid-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio of 0.5, hydrogen peroxide-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio of 1.5 and sulphuric acid loading of 2%. A relative conversion to oxirane of 81% and an iodine value conversion of 86.5% were obtained under the optimum reaction conditions. The formation of the epoxide as well as ring-opened product of canola was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectral analysis. From a kinetic analysis, the activation energy of this commercially important reaction was determined to be 10.7 kcal/mol. The findings of this study show that hydroxylated canola oil can be used as a starting material for the lubricant formulations. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic-Field-Induced Step-like Transitions in Mn-Site Doped Manganites

An experimental study of the low T magnetic field dependence of the magnetization, specific heat and resistivity for an orbital and charge-ordered perovskite manganite doped in the Mn-site is presented. Well-defined steps are found in all these three physical properties. The abruptness of these jumps for T<10 K suggests some similarities to the Barkhausen effect and to the martensitic transition. This is a new illustration of the rich physics related to the phase separation.
Investigation of magnetic field effect on surface and finite-site free energy in one-dimensional Ising model of nanosystems

We investigate a one-dimensional (1-D) Ising model for finite-site systems. The finite-site free energy and the surface free energy are calculated via the transfer matrix method. We show that, at high magnetic fields, the surface free energy has an asymptotic limit. The absolute surface energy increases when the value of f (the ratio of magnetic field to nearest-neighbor interactions) increases, and for f ≥ 10 approaches a constant value. For the values of f ≥ 0.2, the finite-site free energy also increases, but slowly. The thermodynamic limit in which physical properties approach the bulk value is also explored.