Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Protein Diets Alters Body Composition and Improves Insulin Resistance in a Rat Model of Low Birth Weight

Objective We aimed to investigate the effects of early high-protein supplementation on low birth weight (LBW)–associated adult metabolic disturbances. Materials and Methods This study involved 32 LBW rat pups that were fed a normal protein (20% of energy intake) diet or high-protein (30% of energy intake) diet on their first 4 weeks of life. Sixteen rat pups with normal birth weight (NBW) fed the normal-protein diet were included as control. Biochemical measurements were performed at 4 and 12 weeks of age. Results Low birth weight offspring showed significantly (P < 0.05) increased fat mass percentage and adipocyte size and decreased lean mass percentage and muscle fiber size relative to NBW offspring. These LBW-related changes in body composition were corrected by high-protein diet intervention. At 12 weeks of age, the fasting insulin level (7.14 ± 0.83 vs 9.27 ± 0.67 mU/L) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (1.71 ± 0.35 vs 2.30 ± 0.44) were significantly lower in high protein–fed LBW offspring than in normal protein–fed LBW offspring. Low birth weight rat pups showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in serum adiponectin concentrations, glucose transporter 4 mRNA abundance, and phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) relative to NBW controls. These LBW-associated alterations in gene expression were reversed by early high-protein treatment. Conclusions Early postnatal high-protein intake alters the body composition and improves insulin resistance in adults with LBW, which is associated with activation of the AMPK and mTOR pathways.
MicroRNA-30b-5p Is Involved in the Regulation of Cardiac Hypertrophy by Targeting CaMKIIδ

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. However, it remains largely unknown as to how miRNAs are integrated into the hypertrophic program. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a hypertrophic signaling marker. It is not yet clear which miRNAs can regulate CaMKIIδ. Purpose In this study, we identified which miRNAs could regulate CaMKIIδ and how to regulate CaMKIIδ. Methods Through computational and expression analyses, miR-30b-5p was identified as a candidate regulator of CaMKIIδ. Quantitative expression analysis of hypertrophic models demonstrated significant down-regulation of miR-30b-5p compared with control groups. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-30b-5p could significantly inhibit the expression of CaMKIIδ. Moreover, through gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we found miR-30b-5p could negatively regulate the expression of CaMKIIδ and miR-30b-5p was a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the expression of miR-30b-5p is down-regulated in cardiac hypertrophy, and restoration of its function inhibits the expression of CaMKIIδ, suggesting that miR-30b-5p may act as a hypertrophic suppressor.
Health-seeking behaviour of mentally ill patients in Enugu, Nigeria

Aim. To determine the health-seeking behaviour of mentally ill patients in Enugu, Nigeria. Design. A consecutive recruitment of 397 patients receiving treatment at the neuropsychiatric hospital in Enugu was done. Using a structured questionnaire, information was obtained from the respondents including their socio-demographic characteristics, their knowledge of the cause of their mental illness, and the treatment that they first employed, with their reasons for doing so. Results. The age range of the respondents was 15 - 75, with a mean of 31.6 years (SD±11 years). Two hundred and twenty- three (56.2%) respondents were male and 174 (43.8%) were female. Treatment options first employed by respondents were prayer houses (34.5%), followed by psychiatric hospital (32%). The main reasons for the treatment options employed were confidence of cure at the place of treatment (46.3%), ignorance of the existence of a mental health service (14.6%), and the belief that the mental condition was not amenable to orthodox treatment (8.1%). Patients’ perceptions of the cause of their ailment most commonly revealed a belief in demonic and spiritual forces. Gender, educational status, attributing of the mental illness to a rational cause, and living in an urban area were significantly associated with the employment of specialist care as the first treatment option. Conclusion. Misconceptions regarding the cause of mental illness still abound among mentally ill patients in Nigeria. Consequently, psychiatric consultation is not usually initially employed, especially in rural areas. Community health education aimed at changing misconceptions, and the integration of mental health services into primary health care services, is advocated.
Comparison of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Using Vacuum-Assisted Closure With Advanced Moist Wound Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and clinical efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) compared with advanced moist wound therapy (AMWT) to treat foot ulcers in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled 342 patients with a mean age of 58 years; 79% were male. Complete ulcer closure was defined as skin closure (100% reepithelization) without drainage or dressing requirements. Patients were randomly assigned to either NPWT (vacuum-assisted closure) or AMWT (predominately hydrogels and alginates) and received standard off-loading therapy as needed. The trial evaluated treatment until day 112 or ulcer closure by any means. Patients whose wounds achieved ulcer closure were followed at 3 and 9 months. Each study visit included closure assessment by wound examination and tracings. RESULTS—A greater proportion of foot ulcers achieved complete ulcer closure with NPWT (73 of 169, 43.2%) than with AMWT (48 of 166, 28.9%) within the 112-day active treatment phase (P = 0.007). The Kaplan-Meier median estimate for 100% ulcer closure was 96 days (95% CI 75.0–114.0) for NPWT and not determinable for AMWT (P = 0.001). NPWT patients experienced significantly (P = 0.035) fewer secondary amputations. The proportion of home care therapy days to total therapy days for NPWT was 9,471 of 10,579 (89.5%) and 12,210 of 12,810 (95.3%) for AMWT. In assessing safety, no significant difference between the groups was observed in treatment-related complications such as infection, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS—NPWT appears to be as safe as and more efficacious than AMWT for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Eficacia de trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol en los niños con otitis media crónica activa: ensayo de distribución aleatoria controlado con placebo

OBJETIVO: Determinar la eficacia clínica del tratamiento ambulatorio prolongado con trimetoprimsulfametoxazol (TMP-SMX) en niños con otitis media crónica (OMC) activa. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un ensayo de distribución aleatoria, controlado con placebo, en 101 niños de 1 a 12 años con OMC (definida por la presencia de otorrea durante al menos 12 semanas). Además de administrar una corta tanda de gotas óticas con esteroides y antibióticos, se distribuyó aleatoriamente a los niños para recibir durante 6 a 12 semanas TMP-SMX oral (18 mg/kg 2 veces al día) o un placebo, y se controló a los pacientes durante 1 año. El parámetro principal a valorar en la evolución fue la presencia de signos otomicroscópicos de otorrea al cabo de 6 y 12 semanas y de 1 año. Los parámetros secundarios fueron los efectos adversos de la medicación estudiada, la audiometría de tonos puros, la calidad de vida en relación con el estado de salud y los datos bacteriológicos. RESULTADOS: A las 6 semanas, 13 (28%) niños del grupo TMP-SMX y 27 (53%) del grupo placebo presentaban signos otomicroscópicos de otorrea (DT-25 [IC del 95% –44; –6]) (NNT 4). A las 12 semanas, estas cifras eran de 15 (32%) y 23 (47%), respectivamente (DT –5 [IC del 95% –34; 4]) (NNT 7). Al cabo de 1 año, el número de niños con otorrea era similar en ambos grupos: 25% frente a 20%, respectivamente. Un niño del grupo TMP-SMX presentó un exantema. Aparecieron vómitos o diarrea en el 9% del grupo TMP-SMX y en el 2% del grupo placebo (DT 7 IC del 95% [–2; 16]) (NND 14). Los niveles audiométricos de tonos puros y la calidad de vida en relación con la salud mejoraron durante el estudio, pero no difirieron entre los dos grupos. Pseudomonas aeruginosa fue el germen aislado con más frecuencia en las muestras de otorrea de ambos grupos. CONCLUSIONES: Una tanda de altas dosis de trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol por vía oral durante 6 a 12 semanas ejerce efectos beneficiosos en los niños con otitis media crónica activa. El efecto del tratamiento es más pronunciado en la tanda más breve y desaparece si se suspende la medicación.
Implicación de la ansiedad y la depresión en los trastornos de alimentación de jóvenes con obesidad

Objectives: the goals of the present study were: 1) to compare the levels of anxiety, depression, and eating disorders in young patients assisted at a children’s hospital for obesity; 2) to determine whether anxiety and depression explain the symptoms of the eating disorders; and 3) to know which of these symptoms better discriminate the young people with different degrees of obesity. Materials and method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample comprised by 281 youngsters (56% girls) aged 11-17 years. The BMI percentiles were calculated by using the WHO growth tables. Two study groups were created: severe obesity and overweight/light-moderate obesity. The following questionnaires were used: Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), depression questionnaire (DQ), and Status-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI). Results: The youngsters with obesity showed more psychological problems than youngsters with overweight/ light-moderate obesity, 12% had anxiety, and 11% depression. In both groups, the behaviours related with eating disorders were partially explained by the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Dissatisfaction with the body and high anxiety trait increased the risk for perpetuating the obesity and were the two symptoms that better discriminated the patients with or without severe obesity. Conclusion: Obesity prevention programmes should include body dissatisfaction and the anxiety trait into the assessment and management protocols, and prevent anxiety getting fixed as a personality trait.
Cranial base features in skeletal Class III patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the cranial base configuration in skeletal Class III patients to clarify the conflicting findings from literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initial lateral radiographs of 54 skeletal Class III patients and 54 matched controls (Class I, II/1, II/2) aged 14 to 24 years were analyzed retrospectively for 21 cephalometric basicranial variables and jaw lengths relative to anterior cranial base length. RESULTS In contrast to overall cranial base length, the anterior (N-S) and posterior (S-Ba, S-Ar) sections failed to show a significant reduction in Class III patients. The significantly more acute angles Ca-S-Ba and Se-S-Ba reflected increased cranial base flexure. Resulting anterior condylar displacement was shown by significant reduction of Se-S-Cd and Ar-Ca. Relative mandibular length was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Decreased basicranial angulation associated with Class III mandibular protrusion was clearly confirmed for skeletal Class III patients. Overall shortening of the cranial base apparently resulted from various minor alterations. The results are compatible with the deficient orthocephalization hypothesis of Class III morphogenesis. The basicranial-maxillary relationship in skeletal Class III remains unclear.
Surface roughness of three types of modern plastic bracket slot floors and frictional resistance.

OBJECTIVE To quantitatively analyze the surface roughness of the slot floors of three types of modern plastic brackets and to measure static frictional force during sliding mechanics in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Control groups comprised stainless steel brackets and monocrystalline ceramic brackets. Test groups comprised three types of 0.022-in slot, Roth prescription, plastic, maxillary right central incisor brackets. Test groups included glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate, filler-reinforced polycarbonate, and hybrid polymer with inserted metal slot brackets. The static frictional resistance caused by sliding movements with an archwire (stainless steel) in vitro was quantitatively analyzed. Both scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional optical surface profiling were used. RESULTS Scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional optical surface profiler revealed that all as-received brackets had irregular slot floor surfaces, and both irregularity and roughness increased after the archwire sliding test. The ceramic brackets in the control group showed significantly lower surface roughness values and higher frictional values during the archwire sliding test compared with the other brackets. The glass or filler-reinforced plastic brackets exhibited significantly higher static frictional values than the metallic slot type brackets (P < .001). The hybrid polymer with inserted metal slot brackets showed relatively lower surface roughness and frictional values compared with the stainless steel control bracket. CONCLUSION Glass or filler-reinforced plastic brackets showed higher frictional resistance than metallic slot-type brackets. A plastic bracket with inserted metal slot may be the best choice among plastic brackets for low frictional resistance and to avoid damage from sliding movements of the archwire.
Analysis of goals and assists diversity in English Premier League

Top level football events have been submitted for analysis for long time. Though, there is lack of material which would be collected from at least one full season. The aim of the study was to analyze goals and assists of all matches played in English Premier League during 2008/2009 season. Authors revealed that the most goals were score from near distances to target (over 50%) while 53% of all crossed goal line lower than goalkeeper’s hips. Furthermore, second half of a match brings more goals (57.5) as players become unfocused because of exhaustion. Coaching staffs need to have players prepared physically to maintain 90 minutes free of distraction.
Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the transverse skeletal and dentoalveolar changes with bone-borne (C-expander) and tooth-borne type expanders using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in late adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 28 female late-adolescent patients was divided into two groups according to the type of expander: bone-borne (C-expander, n = 15, age = 18.1 ± 4.4 years) and tooth-borne (hyrax, bands on premolars and molars, n = 13, age = 17.4 ± 3.4 years). CBCT scans were taken at 0.2-mm voxel size before treatment (T1) and 3 months after RME (T2). Transverse skeletal and dental expansion, alveolar inclination, tooth axis, vertical height of tooth, and buccal dehiscence were evaluated on maxillary premolars and molars. Paired t-test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffé post hoc analysis were performed. RESULTS The C-expander group produced greater skeletal expansion, except in the region of the first premolar (P < .05 or < .01), which showed slight buccal tipping of the alveolar bone. The Hyrax group had more buccal tipping of the alveolar bone and the tooth axes, except in the region of the second molar (P < .05 or < .01 or < .001). Dental expansion at the apex level was similar in the banded teeth (the first premolar and the first molar). Vertical height changes were apparent on the second premolar in the hyrax group (P < .05 or < .01). Significant buccal dehiscence occurred at the first premolar in the hyrax group (P < .01 or < .001). There were no significant differences between tooth types for any variables in the C-expander group. CONCLUSIONS For patients in late adolescence, bone-borne expanders produced greater orthopedic effects and fewer dentoalveolar side effects compared to the hyrax expanders.
STUDY OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS AND BOSWELLIA SERRATA IN RESPECT TO ANTIANGIOGENIC EFFECT

Objective: The process of angiogenesis is finely balanced by Proangiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors. Any imbalance between these factors may result in a group of diseases with varied morphologic and pathologic changes, called angiogenesis dependent diseases. One has to arrest the growth of unwanted blood vessels like in metastasis of tumour, arthritis, retinopathies, etc. As the angiogenesis is simultaneously controlled by several factors, one needs to target the whole process through a holistic approach i.e. targeting more than one mechanism at a time. Objective of our study was to evaluate antiangiogenic potentials of Camellia sinensis and Boswellia serrata in whole animal models along with their safety individually as well as in combination. Methods: These extracts were evaluated for their antiangiogenic effect using three models – Chicken Chorioallentoic membrane assay, Rat Subcutaneous air sac and Mesenteric window angiogenesis. Results: The results of toxicity study showed that aqueous extracts of Camellia sinensis and Boswellia serrata are safe on oral administration in acute as well as repeated dose toxicity studies. It also showed antiangiogenic effects of individual extracts as well as their combinations. The study suggests that there may be synergistic effect in these extracts particularly in mesenteric window model. Conclusion: From the study it can be concluded that these extracts can be clinically evaluated on angiogenesis dependent diseases. Keywords: Boswellia serrata , Camellia sinensis , Safety, Angiogenesis, CAM, Angiogenesis dependent disease, Arthritis, Metastasis.
Enamel loss following ceramic bracket debonding: A quantitative analysis in vitro.

OBJECTIVE To measure enamel surface changes after ceramic bracket debonding and after cleanup. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty extracted teeth were scanned in three dimensions using an optical scanner (baseline). Two ceramic bracket systems were placed (19 metal-reinforced polycrystalline ceramic brackets; 21 monocrystalline ceramic brackets). Seven days later, brackets were debonded and teeth scanned (post-debond). Adhesive remnants and bracket fragments were recorded. Tooth surfaces were cleaned using a finishing carbide bur and scanned again (post-cleanup). Post-debond and post-cleanup scans were aligned with the baseline, and surface changes were quantified. Results were statistically compared using t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests (α = .05). RESULTS The depth of enamel loss (mean ± standard deviation) post-debond was 21 ± 8 µm and 33 µm and post-cleanup was 28 ± 14 µm and 18 ± 8 µm (P = .0191); the post-debond remnant thickness was 188 ± 113 µm and 120 ± 37 µm (P = .2381) and post-cleanup was 16 ± 5 µm and 15 µm for polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramic brackets, respectively. The monocrystalline ceramic brackets predominantly left all adhesive on the tooth; the polycrystalline ceramic brackets were more likely to leave bracket fragments attached. CONCLUSION Both systems allowed successful removal of the brackets with minimal enamel loss. However, the polycrystalline ceramic brackets left more fragments on the tooth, which complicated cleanup efforts.
“Bad for the Body, Bad for the Heart”: Prostitution Harms Women Even if Legalized or Decriminalized

With examples from a 2003 New Zealand prostitution law, this article discusses the logical inconsistencies in laws sponsoring prostitution and includes evidence for the physical, emotional, and social harms of prostitution. These harms are not decreased by legalization or decriminalization. The article addresses the confusion caused by organizations that oppose trafficking but at the same time promote prostitution as a justifiable form of labor for poor women. The failure of condom distribution/harm reduction programs to protect women in prostitution from rape, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and HIV is discussed. The success of such programs in obtaining funding and in promoting prostitution as sex work is also discussed.
Protective effect of H1 and CysLT1 antagonists on allergen induced airway responses in atopic asthma

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.v LIST OF TABLES.ix LIST OF FIGURES.x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.xi 1.0 INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 ASTHMA.1 1.1.1 Definition.1 1.1.2 Epidemiology.1 1.1.3 Atopic Asthma.2 1.2 AIRWAY RESPONSES IN ATOPIC ASTHMA.2 1.2. 1 Early and late asthmatic responses.2 1.2. 2 Early asthmatic response – mechanism of action.4 1.2. 3 Late asthmatic response – mechanism of action.6 1.2. 4 Sequelae of the late asthmatic response.8 1.2. 5 Summary of airway responses in asthma.9 1.3 PHARMACOLOGY OF ASTHMA.9 1.3. 1 General.9 1.3. 2 Available treatments.9 1.3. 3 Investigational therapies.10 1.4 PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EAR AND LAR.13 1.4. 1 Beta2 agonists.13 1.4. 2 Inhaled glucocorticosteroids.14 1.4. 3 Cromones.14 1.4. 4 Monoclonal antibodies.15 1.4. 5 Leukotriene modifiers.15 1.4. 6 Histamine H1 blockers.16
Biomechanical validation of an artificial tooth-periodontal ligament-bone complex for in vitro orthodontic load measurement.

OBJECTIVES To develop an artificial tooth-periodontal ligament (PDL)-bone complex (ATPBC) that simulates clinical crown displacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ATPBC was created. It had a socket hosting a tooth with a thin layer of silicon mixture in between for simulating the PDL. The complex was attached to a device that allows applying a controlled force to the crown and measuring the resulting crown displacement. Crown displacements were compared to previously published data for validation. RESULTS The ATPBC that had a PDL made of two types of silicones, 50% gasket sealant No. 2 and 50% RTV 587 silicone, with a thickness of 0.3 mm, simulated the PDL well. The mechanical behaviors (1) force-displacement relationship, (2) stress relaxation, (3) creep, and (4) hysteresis were validated by the published results. CONCLUSION The ATPBC simulated the crown displacement behavior reported from biological studies well.
Advantages of Task-Specific Multi-Objective Optimisation in Evolutionary Robotics

The application of multi-objective optimisation to evolutionary robotics is receiving increasing attention. A survey of the literature reveals the different possibilities it offers to improve the automatic design of efficient and adaptive robotic systems, and points to the successful demonstrations available for both task-specific and task-agnostic approaches (i.e., with or without reference to the specific design problem to be tackled). However, the advantages of multi-objective approaches over single-objective ones have not been clearly spelled out and experimentally demonstrated. This paper fills this gap for task-specific approaches: starting from well-known results in multi-objective optimisation, we discuss how to tackle commonly recognised problems in evolutionary robotics. In particular, we show that multi-objective optimisation (i) allows evolving a more varied set of behaviours by exploring multiple trade-offs of the objectives to optimise, (ii) supports the evolution of the desired behaviour through the introduction of objectives as proxies, (iii) avoids the premature convergence to local optima possibly introduced by multi-component fitness functions, and (iv) solves the bootstrap problem exploiting ancillary objectives to guide evolution in the early phases. We present an experimental demonstration of these benefits in three different case studies: maze navigation in a single robot domain, flocking in a swarm robotics context, and a strictly collaborative task in collective robotics.