Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal overgrowth of chicken radius.

It has long been known that the bones of young animals may show accelerated growth in length after fracture, presumably because of increased activity in the growth cartilages. Lacroix (1951) attributed this to the action of a chemical factor ('osteogenin') supposed to be liberated from damaged bone; while Trueta (1953) held that increased blood flow through vessels in the region of the growth cartilages was responsible. However, neither of these suggestions was backed by convincing experimental evidence, and so it was decided, after establishing that overgrowth of the radius of young chickens occurs after fracture, to search for causal factors by determining whether or not similar overgrowth could be obtained in unfractured bones by interfering with the blood supply, damaging neighbouring muscles, or sectioning the periosteum.
Focus Formation of DNA Repair Proteins in Normal and Repair-Deficient Cells Irradiated with High-LET Ions

Abstract Karlsson, K. H. and Stenerlöw, B. Focus Formation of DNA Repair Proteins in Normal and Repair-Deficient Cells Irradiated with High-LET Ions. Radiat. Res. 161, 517–527 (2004). To investigate the repair of clustered lesions within the DNA/chromatin, the focus formation and persistence of foci of the phosphorylated histone protein H2AX and the repair protein MRE11 were studied in normal cells and in cells lacking DNA-PKcs (M059J) or ATM (GM2052D) after irradiation with high-LET nitrogen ions or low-LET photons. There was a rapid formation of MRE11 and γ-H2AX foci, and 0.5 h after high-LET irradiation, the number of foci in normal cells correlated well with the number of particle hits per cell nucleus. After 8 h of repair, there were significantly more γ-H2AX foci than MRE11 foci remaining in the normal cells, independent of radiation quality. The difficulty in repairing clustered breaks was detected as slower rejoining of DSBs (measured by DNA fragmentation analysis), as quantification of the amount of γ-H2AX over time, and as a larger fraction of repair foci remaining after 24 h in cells irradiated with high- LET ions. These data indicate that clustered lesions are repaired by a pathway involving the same proteins that repair sparsely distributed breaks. Further, for both low- and high- LET radiation, no reduction of the initial number of γ-H2AX and MRE11 foci was detected in M059J cells up to 21 h after irradiation, which was in accordance with a complete absence of DSB rejoining in these cells. In the GM2052D cells there was also a higher level of foci remaining after 21 h; however, this was not accompanied by unrejoined DSBs, indicating that these foci not only represent DSBs but also may be a sign of persistent problems even when breaks are rejoined.
The effect of interface reaction with different finishes and SnAgCu on the reliability of solder joints

BGA device is always inefficient for its solder joints, of which part the interface intermetallic compounds (IMC) is most likely to crack. What's more, interfacial reactions are becoming more complex these days as the lead-free alternative becoming an urgent requirement for electronic industry and various materials being applied in electronics packaging application. Taking account of the above reasons, it's of great significance to take out a research on the influence of IMC on the reliability of the BGA product.
An Intelligent Assistant to Support Students and to Prevent them from Dropout

The research and development of an educational agent are commonly focused on the pedagogical aspect; the main objective is to automate the teaching activity, to replace the teacher in virtual learning environment. Our goal is different: it is to create a non pedagogical intelligent assistant that follows students during their learning to prevent dropout. This assistant can be compared to a coach, a motivator, or a mentor that motivates, encourages, and helps students to overcome their difficulties.
Environmental activities of agricultural enterprises: accounting and analytical support

The article outlines the causes of the ecological crisis in Ukraine and various factors affecting the natural environment, such as air pollution, depletion and degradation of land resources, exhaustion of forest and water resources, caused by agricultural production. Thus, in Ukraine, as of 1 January 2018, more than 1.1 million hectares of degraded, unproductive and technogenically contaminated lands counted to expand, and there were 315.6 thousand hectares of unproductive lands that needed improvement; 57% of the territory of the country was affected by wind and water erosion, about 12% were flooded lands and 20% more polluted lands. The authors detail the consequences of the impact of agricultural activities on the environment. It is necessary to reflect environmental activities in accounting, including environmental assets (natural resource potential, production waste, non-current assets of environmental protection purposes), liabilities (environmental liabilities) and results of activities (environmental incomes, environmental expenses, financial results from environmental activities). The components of natural resource potential, which are to be reflected in the accounting system, are determined. The authors of the research provide an analytical estimation of the state, structure and changes of land resources in Ukraine and define the degree of compatibility between the modern system of agriculture and new environmental and technological requirements. The article discusses normative and legal provisions concerning land protection in Ukraine, as well as normative legal acts on ecologisation of agriculture. The tendency of the recent years shows that the mechanism of combining measures of financial incentives and legal responsibility in the field of land protection, as well as the establishment of legally determined environmental restrictions in land use by means of land management, remains insufficient in terms of optimising the use and protection of land in Ukraine. The study covers the main problem aspects of the land use in Ukraine. Analytical data describing the anti-desertification measures planned until 2030, as well as measures for the restoration of degraded lands and soils, including lands affected by desertification, droughts and floods, are presented. The need to reflect the costs of implementing measures to protect and restore the natural resource potential (including land resources) is emphasised. The authors generalise the information on three groups of accounting objects in terms of the use of agricultural land: objects affecting the qualitative condition (natural fertility) of land, objects representing land capital with a certain level of natural fertility which are at the disposal of enterprises, and objects that depend on the type of agricultural lands and their natural fertility. It is suggested to generalise the information on the objects of ecological accounting in the form of the Environmental Activity Report, which will increase the effectiveness of the managerial decisions on the environment at microand macro-levels.
Novel self-calibrated high-speed D/A converter using trimmable current sources

In this paper, a high-speed 14-bit D/A converter based on. Binary weighted current sources is presented. A full-scale output current of 10-20 mA allows 50/spl Omega/ loads to be driven directly. Matching of small MOSFETs at the low LSB current level allows-only 5-bits accuracy. However, 14-bit accuracy is achieved by the novel architecture which uses digitally-controlled trimmable current sources and one of two self-calibration schemes to automatically adjust the current sources after power-up or when triggered by an external signal. <<ETX>>
Gradient based polyhedral segmentation for 3-D range image

Segmentation is a key step in vision applications. In this study a novel method is proposed to achieve robust and low-cost polyhedral segmentation for 3-D range image. A two-dimensional gradient histogram space is generated based on gradients along the directions of the x and y coordinates. The problem of surface segmentation becomes a problem of points clustering in the feature space. A four-neighborhood iterative expanding algorithm is proposed for region grouping according to the gradient feature space. For noise and geometrical distortion regions, a merge process is applied to the initial segmentation results. The selection of parameters used in this segmentation approach is also discussed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides a new approach of range image segmentation with the characteristics of low computational complexity and less sensitivity to noise.
Heat shock response in hyperthermophilic microorganisms

Hydrothermal environments contain steep thermal gradients and variable temperature conditions. Hyperthermophilic microorganisms, those which grow at temperatures exceeding 90°C, are common in these environments and have numerous means for tolerating hyperthermal stress. All hyperthermophiles examined produce a heteromeric chaperonin complex which is the primary protein produced during heat shock, though other proteins of unknown function are also produced. Furthermore, many hyperthermophilic proteins demonstrate sufficient intrinsic thermostability to withstand brief periods of hyperthermal stress. These organisms also produce putative thermoprotectants, such as dimyo-inositol phosphate (DIP) and cyclic diphosphoglycerate (cDPG), which may stabilize many hyperthermophilic proteins at super-optimal temperatures. Hydrostatic pressure also enhances the thermotolerance of hyperthermophiles and their proteins in vitro during exposure to heat-shock temperatures. The specific activity of six metabolic proteins remains constant during heat shock in Pyrococcus sp. strain ES4 indicating in vivo protein stabilization during periods of hyperthermal stress.
Multilevel approach for Real Options in the innovation management process: integrating project, portfolio and strategy

© 2018 by the author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Measurement Uncertainties in Millimeter Wave “ On-Chip ” Antenna Measurements

As a result of recent technical and regulatory developments, the millimeter wave (mmw) frequency band (30GHz – 300 GHz) is being adopted for a wide range of applications. Based on array signal processing technologies used for 4G and MIMO, companies are developing small active array antennas operating throughout the millimeter-wave bands. These arrays may include radiating elements and feed structures that are a fraction of a millimeter in size and cannot be fed via a coaxial cable. Connection to the antenna is instead performed through a micro-probe, more commonly used in the chip industry. MVGOrbit/FR has developed a compact antenna measurement system which integrates hardware and software necessary to provide antenna gain and radiation patterns of antennas fed with such a micro-probe. To evaluate uncertainties in the measurements of the Antenna Under Test (AUT) gain, directivity, efficiency, pattern, or VSWR, reference antennas are an invaluable tool. The authors have recently driven the development of a micro-probed chip reference antenna. This reference antenna was designed to be mechanically and electrically stable and with reduced sensitive to its mounting fixture and feeding method. Close agreement between measured and simulated characteristics has been achieved. With low losses, the antenna provides good dynamic range and confidence in the measured antenna efficiency and gain. This paper will outline design requirements and present test results of 60 GHz Chip Reference antennas. Several dozen antennas have been tested. The related uncertainties in the microprobed antenna measurements will be evaluated with particular emphasis on the gain calibration uncertainty. The paper will also describe the next steps towards developing a chip antenna gain standard, that should reduce gain uncertainties while also significantly simplifying the calibration process.
RESPIRATORY CONSEQUENCES OF PRETERM BIRTH

1 Approximately 8% of Australia's 250 000 annual births occur preterm (before 37 weeks completed gestation). Preterm infants represent 75% of all neonatal deaths in Australia, with the vast majority of these deaths caused by pulmonary disease. 2 The respiratory consequences for survivors of preterm birth include the immediate challenges of breathing with underdeveloped lungs, usually manifest as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and, in the long term, with persisting pulmonary abnormalities. Therapies to prevent neonatal lung disease now permit survival of preterm infants born as early as 22 weeks gestational age, but not without consequences. 3 Preterm infants are at risk of developing chronic lung disease/bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The lungs of infants dying from BPD are inflamed and have fewer, larger alveoli than normal and exhibit abnormal pulmonary vascular development. There is now a growing appreciation of the contribution of intrauterine inflammation to the aetiology of BPD. 4 Impaired airway function is commonly reported in follow‐up studies of children born preterm. Decreased expiratory flow rates have been associated with preterm birth per se, but airway function appears more affected in survivors of RDS and BPD. Observations in survivors of BPD suggest persisting abnormalities in the structure of the lung parenchyma and airways. 5 Follow‐up studies of preterm infants into adulthood are lacking, as are experimental examinations of the long‐term physiological and anatomical effects of preterm birth. Both are necessary to understand the causes of the long‐term respiratory consequences of preterm birth.
Central kappa opioid receptor-evoked changes in renal function in conscious rats: participation of renal nerves.

The present investigations examined the cardiovascular and renal responses produced by central nervous system stimulation of kappa opioid receptors by the selective kappa opioid receptor agonist, U-50488H, in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. Administration of U-50488H (1 microgram total) into the lateral cerebroventricle produced a profound diuretic and antinatriuretic response. In addition, concurrent with the decrease in urinary sodium excretion, i.c. v. U-50488H elicited an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity. The increases in urine flow rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity and the decrease in urinary sodium excretion produced by U-50488H were completely prevented in rats that had undergone pretreatment with the selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine. In contrast, in animals that had undergone irreversible mu opioid receptor blockade with the selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine, central U-50488H administration elicited similar diuretic and antinatriuretic responses as observed in intact naive animals. In further studies, the antinatriuretic response produced by i.c. v. U-50488H was completely abolished in rats that had undergone chronic bilateral renal denervation, a technique used to remove the influence of the renal sympathetic nerves. Glomerular filtration rates and effective renal plasma flows were not altered by i.c. v. administration of U-50488H in intact or renal denervated animals. Together, these studies provide evidence for the role of central kappa opioid receptor mechanisms in the regulation of urinary sodium and water excretion. Moreover, these studies indicate that the changes in renal sodium handling produced by central kappa opioid agonists result from an action of these compounds to modulate sympathetic neural outflow to the kidneys.
Large scale group network optimization

SUMMARY Every knapsack problem may be relaxed to a cyclic group problem. Go-mory [12] found the subadditive characterization of facets of the master cyclic groupproblem. We simplify the subadditive relations by the substitution of complemen-tarities and discover a minimal representation of the subadditive polytope for themaster cyclic group problem. By using the minimal representation, we characterizethe vertices of cardinality length 3 and implement the shooting experiment from thenatural interior point.The shooting from the natural interior point is a shooting from the inside of theplus level set of the subadditive polytope. It induces the shooting for the knapsackproblem. From the shooting experiment for the knapsack problem we conclude thatthe most hit facet is the knapsack mixed integer cut which is the 2-fold lifting of amixed integer cut.We develop a cutting plane algorithm augmenting cutting planes generated byshooting, and implement it on Wong-Coppersmith digraphs observing that only smallnumber of cutting planes are enough to produce the optimal solution. We discuss arelaxation of shooting as a clue to quick shooting. A max °ow model on coveringspace is shown to be equivalent to the dual of shooting linear programming problem.xiii
The Effects of Technology Adoption on Firms, Supply Chains, and Rivals

We study the effects of technological change and adoption timing on firms’ liquidity management practices and subsequent product market outcomes. We first posit that investment in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software improves trade credit and inventory efficiencies between supply chain partners. We identify exogenous variation in the timing of a firm’s incentives to implement ERP by using a firm’s ex-ante exposure to the Year 2000 bug (Y2K). Our results show that a firm’s average accounts receivable collection period and inventory turnover improve following ERP implementation in the supply chain. Interestingly, this is due to adoption by either the focal firm or its key customer. ERP adoption also increases a firm’s subsequent market share, but only for non-early adopters. This pattern suggests that early adopters of transformational technologies bear higher implementation costs that spill over to the advantage of both trading partners and competitors. Documenting these mechanisms yields insight into the boundary conditions of first-mover advantage, particularly in the early years of a significant technological advance.
Current clinical application of genomic and proteomic profiling in non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND Genomic or proteomic profiling of cancer can be broadly defined as a systematic grouping of cancer based on its genetic or protein makeup. In the management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), genomic and proteomic profiling applications have become useful in early disease detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication. METHODS We reviewed the recent literature on the applications of genomic and proteomic profiling in NSCLC. Important applications were summarized into those already adopted as standard care and those still under investigation. RESULTS For genomic profiling, testing for EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement has become routine for adenocarcinoma. Multiplex assay and malignancy-risk gene signature are both important applications in development. A test to predict outcome after treatment with an epidermal growth factor rector/tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a screening blood test for lung cancer are being investigated for use in proteomic profiling. CONCLUSIONS Genomic profiling is routine in patients with NSCLC, and proteomic profiling shows promise. Additional genomic and proteomic profiling applications may also prove to be useful contributions in the care of these patients.
Développement de techniques de synthèse de réseaux réflecteurs imprimés - Application à la conception d'antennes spatiales bipolarisées en bande Ku

Les antennes reseaux reflecteurs (reflectarrays) combinent les atouts des antennes reflecteurs (efficacite de la source, faible cout de fabrication) et des antennes reseaux (profil plat, possibilite de former et depointer le faisceau). Le diagramme de rayonnement des reflectarrays est controle par la loi de phase produite par les elements constituant le reseau. Ce concept d'antenne fait l'objet de nombreuses etudes visant a obtenir des antennes a la fois large bande, faibles pertes et faible cout. Le contexte de cette etude est la realisation de reflectarrays passifs bipolarises pour des applications de telecommunications satellite dans la bande Ku. Le comportement d'une cellule dephaseuse de type patch microruban charge par des fentes est analyse. De nombreux parametres definissent la geometrie de cette cellule offrant de multiples solutions pour realiser une phase particuliere. Cette diversite implique qu'une tres grande quantite de layouts differents peuvent theoriquement etre generes. Dans ce travail, un processus de synthese tirant profit de la diversite des cellules dephaseuses est propose. Il est base sur l'utilisation de strategies de selection de cellule. L'interet est d'aboutir au choix d'un seul layout qui respecte les specifications en termes de couverture, pertes et bande. Dans cette these, quatre strategies de selection de cellule sont presentees et comparees par la mesure de quatre reflectarrays de 22 lambda x 22 lambda a 14,25 GHz. Ces quatre reflectarrays ont permis de valider le processus de synthese developpe, et les regles de conception obtenues sont ensuite appliquees a un reflectarray de taille realiste. Ses performances simulees semblent tres prometteuses.
Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in neuronal HT22 cells resistant to oxidative stress

The hippocampal cell line HT22 is an excellent model for studying the consequences of endogenous oxidative stress. Extracellular glutamate depletes cellular glutathione by blocking the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc−. Glutathione depletion induces a well‐defined programme of cell death characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Accurate determination of Brillouin frequency based on cross recurrence plot analysis in Brillouin distributed fiber sensor

We propose and demonstrate the use of cross recurrence plot analysis (CRPA) to accurately determine the Brillouin shift due to strain and temperature in a Brillouin distributed fiber sensor. This signal processing technique, which is implemented in Brillouin sensors for the first time relies on apriori data i.e, the lineshape of the Brillouin gain spectrum and its similarity with the spectral features measured at different locations along the fiber. Analytical and experimental investigation of the proposed scheme is presented in this paper.
Great expectations: "I'm losing 25% of my weight no matter what you say".

This study investigated whether informing obese individuals that they would lose only modest amounts of weight would lead them to adopt more realistic weight loss expectations. At a screening interview, 53 obese women reported that they expected to lose the equivalent of 28% of their initial weight during 1 year of treatment with the medication sibutramine. Prior to beginning treatment, participants were informed, both verbally and in writing, that they could expect to lose 5% to 15% of initial weight, the loss typically induced by current behavioral and pharmacologic approaches. This information, however, had little impact on their weight loss expectations when assessed on subsequent occasions. Results are discussed in terms of the origins, clinical significance, and potential malleability of obese individuals' weight loss expectations.