Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OpenOrd: an open-source toolbox for large graph layout

We document an open-source toolbox for drawing large-scale undirected graphs. This toolbox is based on a previously implemented closed-source algorithm known as VxOrd. Our toolbox, which we call OpenOrd, extends the capabilities of VxOrd to large graph layout by incorporating edge-cutting, a multi-level approach, average-link clustering, and a parallel implementation. At each level, vertices are grouped using force-directed layout and average-link clustering. The clustered vertices are then re-drawn and the process is repeated. When a suitable drawing of the coarsened graph is obtained, the algorithm is reversed to obtain a drawing of the original graph. This approach results in layouts of large graphs which incorporate both local and global structure. A detailed description of the algorithm is provided in this paper. Examples using datasets with over 600K nodes are given. Code is available at www.cs. sandia.gov/~smartin.
Why consumers hesitate to shop online: An experimental choice analysis of grocery shopping and the role of delivery fees

Purpose – To find out if and how delivery charge and three other situational factors affect consumers' grocery shopping channel choice.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 152 supermarket shoppers in South England. Each respondent was presented with two hypothetical grocery shopping scenarios characterised by four situational factors. Respondents were asked to indicate their preference for shopping online or in‐store in each described situation. They also provided information about their last grocery shopping trip.Findings – The results show that all four situational factors affect consumers' shopping channel preference. It was further established that, though of influence, delivery charges are not the most important factor. Fifteen minutes difference in travel time to the grocery store had a greater impact on the relative preference to shop online or in‐store than a delivery fee of £5.Research limitations/implications – Although experimentally controlled, the.
[Survey on status of smoking, passive smoking and quitting smoking in rural areas of the midwestern provinces in China].

OBJECTIVE To study the status of smoking, passive smoking and quitting smoking in rural areas of the middle and western regions in China, and to develop strategies for improvement. METHODS A total of 5486 residents aged 15 to 69 years in 84 villages of the 16 counties in Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi and Xinjiang were selected through a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method to collect information through questionnaires. Data on the initiate age of smoking, and rates on smoking, passive smoking, quitting smoking as well as related knowledge were used as nutritional indicators. RESULTS The overall smoking rate was 20.9%, with 44.8% in males and 2.0% higher than seen in females. The rate of smoking in Han nationality was higher than that in other minorities. There were significant differences seen in genders and nationalities as well the level of education received, in the rates of smoking. Smokers started to smoke at the age of 21.3 ± 5.6 with males earlier than females. The rate of passive smoking was 37.8%, with males as 31.9%, and females as 40.4%, respectively. The rate of quitting smoking appeared as 1.9%. CONCLUSION The status of smoking in the rural areas of middle and western regions in China faced challenges, with relatively low rate of quitting smoking. Relevant strategies need to be developed accordingly.
Mutations in APC, Kirsten-ras, and p53—alternative genetic pathways to colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most significant causes of cancer death. A genetic model for colorectal cancer has been proposed in which the sequential accumulation of mutations in specific genes, including adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Kirsten-ras (K-ras), and p53, drives the transition from healthy colonic epithelia through increasingly dysplastic adenoma to colorectal cancer. We have characterized tumor mutation spectra in a large cohort of colorectal cancer patients. In marked contrast to the predictions of the sequential model of mutation accumulation, only 6.6% of tumors were found to contain mutations in APC, K-ras, and p53, with 38.7% of tumors containing mutations in only one of these genes. The most common combination of mutations was p53 and APC (27.1%), whereas mutations in both p53 and K-ras were extremely rare. Statistical analysis (two-sided Fisher's exact test) confirmed that mutations in K-ras and p53 co-occurred less frequently than expected by chance (P < 0.01, Fisher's exact test). This finding suggests that these mutations lie on alternate pathways of colorectal tumor development. The heterogeneous pattern of tumor mutations in our patient cohort suggests that multiple alternative genetic pathways to colorectal cancer exist and that the widely accepted genetic model of cancer development is not representative of the majority of colorectal tumors.
Mobile NDN-Based Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a novel Internet architecture proposing a fundamental alternative to the current host-based routing. It addresses data objects instead of hosts—a concept promises to be especially useful for data-centric applications, e.g., dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH). We demonstrate the implications of this networking architecture for the use case of DASH, based on a bare-bone wireless hardware testbed using a custom-build JavaScript player. In our demonstration, we show that NDN provides practical benefits with regard to resilience and for wireless handovers. Further, we propose the developed testbed platform for the practical evaluation of wireless handover and forwarding strategies in NDN networks, including new forms of mobile video production. I . I N T R O D U C T I O N With the global video traffic estimated to reach 82 percent of all consumer Internet traffic by 2020 [1], along with the rising significance of mobile devices for video playback and production, flexible and efficient distribution of video content under challenging conditions is paramount. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a novel Internet architecture which has its roots in Information-Centric Networking (ICN) [7] that promises to improve the efficiency for a wide range of applications that depend on the the Internet as a distribution network, such as Over-The-Top (OTT) video streaming e.g., dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH). In contrast to the traditional host-based Internet model, it features a data-centric approach where requests are based on file names rather than host addresses. In NDN there are two packet types: interest packets and data packets. Interest packets are issued to request a set of data. Data packets contain the actual data set. A client expresses an interest in a data set via an interest packet identifying a dataset name. The network answers with data packet containing the requested data. This not only promises a higher tolerance for client mobility and host failures, but also enables to use innovative routing and caching strategies essential for efficient video streaming architectures. To demonstrate these characteristics and their practical advantages we introduce a mobile DASH streaming system over NDN. This project consists of three parts: 1) An NDN testbed that uses routers deployed as an NDN-enabled wireless network connected to multiple NDN File System (NDN-FS) nodes hosted on Raspberry Pi’s. 2) A DASH client capable of video playback via the NDN testbed that has been implemented using JavaScript, fetching the Media Presentation Description (MPD) and video segments via the NDN rather than via KOM – Multimedia Communications Lab 6 LAN Connection LAN LAN
Smallholder Farmers’ Perspectives on Climatic Variability and Adaptation Strategies in East Africa: The Case of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Taita and Machakos Hills in Kenya

Climate change is expected to have serious economic and social impacts in East Africa, particularly on rural farmers whose livelihoods largely depend on rain-fed agriculture, hence adaptation is required to offset projected drawbacks of climate change on crop productivity. This paper examines farmers' perceptions and understanding of climatic variability, coping strategies adopted and factors that influence the choice of a particular adaptation. The study uses cross section data collected from 510 farmers in three mountain gradients sites, namely; Mount Kilimanjaro of Tanzania, Taita and Machakos Hills of Kenya. Farmers’ perceptions were compared to actual trend in meteorological records over the last thirty years (1981-2010). The result revealed that farmers in East Africa were partly aware of climate variability, mainly in temperature and rainfall patterns. Many respondents reported that conditions are drier and rainfall timing is becoming less predictable. The perception of farmers on temperature and rainfall were in line with recorded meteorological data, but contrary with that of recorded rainfall in Machakos which was perceived to be decreasing by the farmers. Farmers perceived changes in rainfall and temperature to have negative effects on the production and management of crops. The common adaptation strategies used by farmers include water harvesting, soil conservation techniques and shifting of planting periods. The most important variables affecting farmers choices in regards to adaptation option were, lack of access to credit, farming experience and household size. As a conclusion, there is a need for these factors to be taken into account in the development and implementation of smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate variability in East Africa. Additionally, dedicated capacity building and extensive outreach initiatives on adaptation through governments, researchers, policy-makers and the farmers groups themselves are needed to achieve large scale success.
Improving power system stability of South Africa ’ s HVAC network using strategic placement of HVDC links KNI

In this paper an investigation was carried out to determine the effects that HVDC schemes have on the machine rotor angle transient stability. The study was carried out on a detailed model of South Africa’s main transmission system (MTS). A focus area consisting of an existing power station, a power station under construction, two planned power stations and existing and planned substations as well as the transmission lines making up the Limpo-West power transmission corridor was used for analysis. The network was modelled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. Two scenarios; the network without an HVDC scheme and the network with a HVDC scheme imbedded in it were analysed and the obtained results were compared. The results show that when an HVDC scheme is imbedded into the network in parallel to an existing HVAC line, the critical fault clearing time (CCT) for the critical (weakest) machine in the network is improved significantly.
An embryological study of ventralization of dorsal structures in the tail of medaka (Oryzias latipes) Da mutants

In adult Da (double anal fin) mutants of medaka (Oryzias latipes), structures such as the dorsal fin and the dorsal half of the caudal fin are ventralized in adult fish. However, there have been few embryological studies of the development of mutant phenotypes except those of the caudal fin. In this study, development of mutant phenotypes of the tail where they typically develop was examined morphologically at various stages of embryogenesis. The arrangement of melanocytes along the dorsal midline, the shape of the dorsal fin fold, and the shape of the dorsal myotome exhibited a ventral pattern in the tail at various embryonic stages in Da mutants.
How Common Is Workplace Transformation and How Can We Explain Who Adopts It? Results from a National Survey.

A survey provided a description of Internal Labor Market (ILM) practices across a sample of 694 U.S. establishments. An establishment was defined as a business address and was distinct from a company. Interviews were conducted by telephone. Findings indicated that about 35 percent of private sector establishments with 50 or more employees had achieved substantial use of flexible work organization. The adoption of these forms of work organization was correlated with three factors: being in an internationally competitive product market, having a technology that required high levels of skill, and following what could be termed a "high road" strategy that emphasized variety and quality in contrast to low cost. Employer values were also important in determining whether aa establishment undertook work reorganization. Evidence was also found that certain human resource practices such as high levels of training and innovative pay systems were associated with adoption of flexible work organization. (Contains 38 references as well as definitions, and 6 data tables.) (YLB) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** ROW COMMON IS WORKPLACE TRANSFORMATION AND ROW CAN WE EXPLAIN WHO ADOPTS IT? Results From A National Survey January, 1993 Paul Osterman Sloan School M.I. T. A. , This research was supported by a grant from the Spencer \---) Foundation. and Frank Levy for comments on an earlier draft of this paper. I am grateful to Peter Cappelli, Thomas Kochan,
Sustainability at Banorte: A Comprehensive CSR Strategy

7 Executive Summary . 7 Introduction . 13 Scope and Objectives . 13 Banorte Background . 13 History of Banorte . 14 What is CSR? 15 Why CSR Now? 15 Growth . 16 New Markets . 16 Innovation. 16 Synergy . 17 Partnerships . 17 Return on Capital . 17 Operational Efficiency . 17 Workforce Efficiency . 18 New Revenue Opportunities . 18 Risk Management . 18 Competitive Risk . 18 Reputational Risk . 19 Market Risk . 19 Climate Change Risk . 19 Regulatory Risks . 20 Management Quality . 20 Leadership Development . 20 Adaptability . 21 Methodology: Four CSR Pillars . 21 CSR Competitive Benchmark Analysis . 21 CSR—A Global View of Best Practices . 23
Sensing biodiversity

Sophisticated networks are required to make the best use of biodiversity data from satellites and in situ sensors Biodiversity loss is a global change with consequences that may exceed those of climate change (1). Yet, limited data on key aspects of biodiversity continue to constrain conservation efforts. Effective biodiversity conservation will require rapidly increasing understanding of the elements of biodiversity (such as the condition of ecosystems or the number and identities of species) and how they are changing through time. Satellite and airborne remote sensing are key to this effort but will only achieve their conservation potential when networked with in situ sensors (see the figure).
HAS A PREFERENCE FOR BIRTHDAYS : A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON “ BIRTHDAY BLUES ” QUESTIONNAIRE AND CONSTRUCT DEVELOPMENT

“Birthday blues” is sometimes used in epidemiological studies to describe occasionally observed effect of higher suicide ratios around birthdays. It is also colloquially used to describe a general feeling of disappointment, anxiety, etc. due to another year passing by, low achievement, or not having the expectations regarding birthday celebration or gifts met. In this study, a preliminary attempt was made to operationalize “birthday blues” as an individual differences construct. First, a questionnaire comprising 68 items was developed. Based on initial tests on a sample of 47 participants, it was reduced to 51 items. That questionnaire version was tested on 285 participants (51.6% male) of the average age of 27.39 (SD=8.65) years. Initially, 4-5 dimensions were suspected. Using EFA based on ULS with an iterative process of poor item removal (i.e. low communalities, low loadings, or high loadings on multiple factors), 26 items were retained. The parallel analysis based on polychoric correlation matrix suggested retention of 3 factors (explaining 50.4% of shared variance). These were named as: 1) Birthday Blues, 2) Birthday Socialization, and 3) Wild Birthday Parties. The Birthday Blues factor scores were slightly (but not statistically significantly) higher in females: t(283)=1.84, p=. 07, d=0.22. The Birthday Socialization scores were higher in females: t(283)=3.05, p=. 002, d=0.36. The Wild Birthday Parties scores were higher in males: t(283)=-5.02, p<. 001, d=0.59. Only the Wild Birthday Parties scores differed depending on the closeness to birthdays, in a way that they were lower for participants whose birthdays were in a ±30 day interval from the moment of testing: t(283)=2.53, p=. 012, d=0.45. The Birthday Blues dimension correlated with depression (r=.38, p<.001), but the other two dimensions did not (r=.03, p=.59, and r=-.02, p=.74). Overall, the ‘Birthday Blues’ questionnaire shows promise, but its predictive value is yet to be determined.
Organizational Routines Development and the Timing and Pace of Early Stage Internationalization

This research investigates the process in which smaller, younger internationalizing firms explore and exploit the required knowledge and capabilities. This research adopted an exploratory, case-based theorising approach, and conducted a longitudinal empirical case study of four firms, each of which took a different internationalization path. The analysis focuses on how the four firms developed the firm-level organizational routines for exploring and exploiting external knowledge and capabilities, by investigating and comparing the level of routines development at the time of initial internationalization and these two years after this. As a result, this research finds that the level of the development of the firm-level organizational routines for internationalization is low, regardless of the timing and pace of internationalization, at the time of internationalization. Further, by analyzing the complete list of knowledge sources and knowledge types, this research argues the advantages of grafting for developing a wider variety of firm-level organizational routines to accelerate the pace of internationalization. Moreover, the distinction between ordinal and change routines has enabled this study to investigate the exploitation aspect of capabilities, and discusses the value of analyzing the higher-level routines that foster the exploitation, which distinguish rapidly internationalizing firms from slowly internationalizing firms.
Internal Auditors' Fraud Risk Assessments: The Benefits of Brainstorming in Groups

Recent financial reporting scandals have prompted actions directed at improving corporate governance, especially as it relates to fraud prevention and detection. Internal auditors are now perceived as an important part of the solution to this breakdown in financial reporting and ethical behavior. We investigate whether the group interaction commonly associated with brainstorming is necessary to reap the benefits of brainstorming for auditors’ fraud judgments. We also investigate whether this group interaction can reduce a response mode bias that auditors have been shown to exhibit when assessing risk qualitatively or quantitatively. Results from our experiment suggest that internal auditors who brainstorm in groups provide higher fraud risk assessments than individual auditors who brainstorm alone, and the brainstorming groups also identify more quality fraud risks than individual auditors who brainstorm alone. Consistent with prior research, we find that auditors who assess risk qualitatively generally provide higher fraud risk assessments than those auditors who assess risk quantitatively. However, group brainstorming appears to significantly reduce this bias. We conclude that group brainstorming could provide benefits for internal auditors when making fraud judgments.
Construction of an E. Coli genome‐scale atom mapping model for MFA calculations

Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) has so far been restricted to lumped networks lacking many important pathways, partly due to the difficulty in automatically generating isotope mapping matrices for genome‐scale metabolic networks. Here we introduce a procedure that uses a compound matching algorithm based on the graph theoretical concept of pattern recognition along with relevant reaction information to automatically generate genome‐scale atom mappings which trace the path of atoms from reactants to products for every reaction. The procedure is applied to the iAF1260 metabolic reconstruction of Escherichia coli yielding the genome‐scale isotope mapping model imPR90068. This model maps 90,068 non‐hydrogen atoms that span all 2,077 reactions present in iAF1260 (previous largest mapping model included 238 reactions). The expanded scope of the isotope mapping model allows the complete tracking of labeled atoms through pathways such as cofactor and prosthetic group biosynthesis and histidine metabolism. An EMU representation of imPR90068 is also constructed and made available. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1372–1382. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on the antiinflammatory activity of Betula alnoides bark

The antiinflammatory activity of Betula alnoides extract was evaluated in acute and subacute inflammation models. The extract was also evaluated for antiinflammatory activity in sheep RBC induced sensitivity and in membrane stabilization models. Except for the sheep RBC induced sensitivity model, the extract showed significant antiinflammatory activity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Computational advertising

Computational advertising is an emerging new scientific sub-discipline, at the intersection of large scale search and text analysis, information retrieval, statistical modeling, machine learning, classification, optimization, and microeconomics. The central challenge of computational advertising is to find the "best match" between a given user in a given context and a suitable advertisement. The context could be a user entering a query in a search engine ("sponsored search"), a user reading a web page ("content match" and "display ads"), a user watching a movie on a portable device, and so on. The information about the user can vary from scarily detailed to practically nil. The number of potential advertisements might be in the billions. Thus, depending on the definition of "best match" this challenge leads to a variety of massive optimization and search problems, with complicated constraints.
Government Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market

This article offers a survey of the literature on foreign exchange intervention, including sections on the theoretical channels through which intervention might affect exchange rates and a summary of the empirical findings. The survey emphasizes that intervention is intended to provide monetary authorities with an means of influencing their exchange rates independent from monetary policy, and tends to evaluate theoretical channels and empirical results from this perspective.
DiffServ mit adaptiven Regeln als Management-Instrument

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Dieser Beitrag soll zeigen, dass sich das heute vorhandene IP-QoS-Instrumentarium nicht nur zur Erfüllung der Anforderungen von Audio- oder Videoanwendungen eignet, sondern sich auch gezielt für ganz andere Management-Aufgaben einsetzen lässt. Mit einem intelligenten Bandbreitenmanagement wird ein wirtschaftlicher und fairer Umgang mit Netzressourcen erreicht. Dazu werden die verfügbaren Bandbreiten der Nutzer dynamisch entsprechend ihres Verkehrsaufkommens angepasst, so dass bestimmte Zielparameter wie z.B. Datenvolumen-Begrenzungen eingehalten werden.