Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Moringa oleifera seed waste as substrate in lipase production under different pretreatments

Moringa industry in Sumenep Regency experienced growth in recent years along with the increase in export demand. Moringa seed waste, which is the coproduct of oil extraction contains a massive amount of lipid and biomass. As much as 30% of lipid residue from Moringa oleifera seeds waste are potentially usable as a substrate for lipase production. However, the phenolic compounds contained in the waste are difficult to degrade and have antimicrobial property which is needed to be removed. This study aims to determine the best pretreatment method in removing phenolic content in Moringa seed waste. The proposed pretreatment methods in this study including enzymatic pretreatment, Laccase Mediator System pretreatment, basic chemical pretreatment, acidic chemical pretreatment, and peroxide pretreatment. Lipase production carried out using Bacillus sp. SK II-5 isolates. Total protein content of lipases produced from various pretreatment then measured using the Bradford method. Lipase enzymatic activity determined qualitatively using the Quantofix formaldehyde test. Characterization of lipase based on isoelectric point. The result of this study is that laccase pretreatment is the best pretreatment method which capable of reducing total phenol concentration in Moringa seed waste by 70% to 3.87 mgGAE/g. The results were followed by a high total protein concentration of 0.43 mg/ml and lipase activity in the range of 100-200 ppm formaldehyde
Atmung – Was uns die Atmung über den Patienten verrät

Etwa 12% der Patienten im Rettungsdienst geben eine Atemnot an. Bei 50% dieser Patienten sind eine Behandlung und die Aufnahme in eine Klinik erforderlich. Die Ursachen der Atemnot sind vielfältig und zum Teil sehr komplex. Dyspnoen können akut auftreten und beispielsweise bei einem akuten Koronarsyndrom oder einer Lungenembolie lebensbedrohlich sein. Daher ist eine schnelle und zielgerichtete Behandlung der Atemnot wichtig.
Ruptura del Paradigma: Estudio Macroscópico del Desarrollo Embrionario de Aves (Gallus gallus domesticus) Realizado Por Métodos Complementarios

RESUMEN: El uso de plataformas virtuales se muestra como un nuevo recurso didáctico que posibilita el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de forma dinámica. A grandes rasgos, permite el acceso a imágenes digitales en alta resolución mediante el uso d e computadores, smartphones y/o tabletas. Portanto, este trabajo presenta nuestra metodología en el campo de la embriología de av es domésticas y la experiencia adquirida en el desarrollo de recursos para la enseñanza por medio de las tecnologías de la informa ción y comunicación, de gran utilidad hoy en día en medio de la pandemia ocasionada por el nuevo coronavirus.
Practical Applications of Molecular Testing in the Cytologic Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cysts

Mucinous pancreatic cysts are precursor lesions of ductal adenocarcinoma. Discoveries of the molecular alterations detectable in pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) that help to define a mucinous cyst and its risk for malignancy have led to more routine molecular testing in the preoperative evaluation of these cysts. The differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts is broad and ranges from non-neoplastic to premalignant to malignant cysts. Not all pancreatic cysts—including mucinous cysts—require surgical intervention, and it is the preoperative evaluation with imaging and PCF analysis that determines patient management. PCF analysis includes biochemical and molecular analysis, both of which are ancillary studies that add significant value to the final cytological diagnosis. While testing PCF for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a very specific test for a mucinous etiology, many mucinous cysts do not have an elevated CEA. In these cases, detection of a KRAS and/or GNAS mutation is highly specific for a mucinous etiology, with GNAS mutations supporting an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Late mutations in the progression to malignancy such as those found in TP53, p16/CDKN2A, and/or SMAD4 support a high-risk lesion. This review highlights PCF triage and analysis of pancreatic cysts for optimal cytological diagnosis.
Maternal hepatic, endometrial, and embryonic levels of Zn, Mg, Cu and Fe following alcohol consumption during pregnancy in QS mice

The levels of Zn, Mg, Cu and Fe in the maternal liver, endometrium, and day 12-embryo of pregnant QS mice in response to semi-acute (3.0 g/kg body weight intragastrically, days 7 to 12 of pregnancy) and chronic (15% ethanol in drinking water starting 4 weeks before pregnancy to gestation day 12) regimes of alcohol were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Exposure to the semi-acute regime of alcohol slightly but significantly increased the levels of Zn (p<0.01) and Cu (p<0.05) in the maternal liver, as well as Zn (p<0.01) and Mg (p<0.05) in the embryos. No detectable changes in levels of the metals were found in either the maternal system or embryos after chronic administration of ethanol. It was concluded that impairment of embryo-fetal growth and development by these alcohol regimes is unlikely to result from alcohol-induced alterations in the tissue status of the metals which could compromise development through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, metabolism or mineral nutrition.
Puerarin Restore Impairment of Intestinal and Adipose Immunity Response to Influenza Infection in Mice

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease, which can also cause gastroenteritis like symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Immune dysfunction of adipose tissue is involved in the occurrence and prognosis of influenza viral pneumonia. In this study, we analyzed the intestinal and adipose immune responses in mice contracted with influenza virus and found that the impairment of intestinal and adipose immunity response to influenza infection in mice can be restored by puerarin, which is isolated from Gegen (Chinese name). Here, we report that the lung, small intestines(duodenum, ileum, jejunum) and large intestines(colon and rectum) show obvious inflammatory lesions in mice following virus infection, with significantly increased levels of viral load, inflammatory cytokines[interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17,and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a],Toll 3, 4 and 9, integrin avb3 and a4, decreased sIgA level compared to that of NC group (P<0.05~0.001). Influenza virus could infect mesenteric lymph nodes and adipose tissue of mice, and the adipokines (e.g., leptin, visfatin, chemokine and adiponectin) of lung and mesenteric adipose tissue are disordered. Puerarin improved the impairment of the intestinal and adipose immune responses in mice infected with influenza virus. Our findings suggest that influenza virus infection can infect adipose tissue and lead to intestinal adipose immune dysfunction in normal-weight mice. The impairment of intestinal and adipose immunity response to influenza infection in mice could be restored by puerarin.
Management of MicroGrid in Power System in the Perspective of Communication Process of Multi-agent System

Nowadays, The microgrid(MG) provides a way for the stable access of many kinds of distributed energy to power grid, and multi-agent system(MAS) is an important control form and general utility tool of it. MAS can separate large, complex systems into small ones that can communicate and coordinate with each other and can be easy to manage. This paper starts from the concept and characteristics of MAS and microgrid, analyzes the wide range of MAS applications in micro-grid and its necessity. Then this paper focuses on the communication process of MAS in different scenarios (power restoration and power dispatch), and clearly demonstrates the convenience and practicality of MAS in MG applications. Finally, the paper looks forward to the application of MAS in MG, and believes that the emergence of 5G technology will greatly expand the application field of MAS.
Epistaxis – Das sollten Sie wissen für die Ergänzungsprüfung

An einem kalten Dezemberabend wird der Rettungswagen zu einem Notfall gerufen. Die Einsatzmeldung der Leitstelle lautet: „Unstillbares Nasenbluten bei einem 8-jährigen Jungen“. Als das Team vor dem Mehrfamilienhaus parkt, kommt der Vater des kleinen Patienten. Er berichtet, sein Sohn habe seit etwa einer Stunde starkes Nasenbluten. Das Team nimmt zusätzlich zum Standard noch den Kinderrucksack mit. Situation vor Ort
Reporting Practice in Multilevel Modeling: A Revisit After 10 Years

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is a statistical technique for analyzing clustered data. Despite its long history, the technique and accompanying computer programs are rapidly evolving. Given the complexity of multilevel models, it is crucial for researchers to provide complete and transparent descriptions of the data, statistical analyses, and results. Ten years have passed since the guidelines for reporting multilevel studies were initially published. This study reviewed new advancements in MLM and revisited the reporting practice in MLM in the past decade. A total of 301 articles from 19 journals representing different subdisciplines in education and psychology were included in the systematic review. The results showed improvement in some areas of the reporting practices, such as the number of models tested, centering of predictors, missing data treatment, software, and estimates of variance components. However, poor practices persist in terms of model specification, description of a missing mechanism, power analysis, assumption checking, model comparisons, and effect sizes. Updates on the guidelines for reporting multilevel studies and recommendations for future methodological research in MLM are presented.
Antimicrobial activity of Spondias mombin L. aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts on Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa - an in vitro study

Objective: To chemically characterize Spondias mombin L. extracts and to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these extracts on Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and methods: Both extracts were submitted to phytochemical prospecting and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis prior to determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Inhibitory Adhesion Concentration (MIAC) and Bactericidal Kinetics (BK). The Student’s t-test was used to compare MIC results at the 5% significance level. The chemical characterization, MIAC and BK data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were detected in the extracts. The hydroethanolic extracts in different concentrations showed statistically superior inhibitory bacterial growth activity (p <0.05) compared to the control against the two investigated microorganisms, whereas the aqueous extracts (also in different concentrations) was statistically superior (p <0.05) to the control only against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anti-adherent effect of both extracts was superior to that of the control for P. aeruginosa, and similar to that for E. faecalis. In their crude and diluted concentrations, aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts showed bactericidal action within the first two to four hours of contact with the bacteria. Conclusion: Spondias mombin L. extracts in different concentrations showed superior antimicrobial activity than 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate against the microorganisms with this activity associated to the chemical characterization of these extracts.
Biological contaminants in insects as food and feed

During the last decade, edible insects have successfully taken a meaningful position in the feed and food chain. To expand this position, product safety continuously needs to be warranted. This review focuses on the current knowledge and the future challenges on the prevalence of human foodborne pathogens in edible insects. The top three of the bacterial pathogens associated with insects for food are Staphylococcus aureus, pathogenic Clostridium spp. and pathogenic species of the Bacillus cereus group. Less is known about other types of biological contaminants, the fungi, viruses, protozoa and prions. For insects for feed, even less reports on pathogens are available so far, although the microbiota of Hermetia illucens is increasingly being studied in the latest years. In addition to the evaluation of endogenous microorganisms in insects, an overview is given of inoculation experiments to study the fate of specific food pathogens during rearing. Future challenges that are identified mainly relate to the fact that risk assessments directed to specific insect species are needed. Also, more research data are needed on the microbiological quality of substrates and residue, in connection with decontamination treatments. The house flora of rearing facilities has not been investigated before. The insect supply chain can generate insights in the microbiological quality of the integral chain by implementing exhaustive sampling plans and by applying predictive microbiology. Additionally, microbiological methods used in research and quality control require standardisation. Rather unexplored so far is the unculturable fraction of the insect microbial community and its importance in food safety. Last but not least, the most important microbiological challenge may well be situated in the further development of the sector: upscaling in terms of capacity and number of companies will increase the complexity of the sector. That will have implications for monitoring and control of biological contaminants.
Operating Performance of Full-Scale Agricultural Biogas Plants in Germany and China: Results of a Year-Round Monitoring Program

Germany (DE) and China (CN) have different political approaches in supporting the biogas sector. Three German and three Chinese large-scale biogas plants (BGPs) were evaluated as part of a year-round monitoring program. Laboratory methods were utilized to analyze the chemical indicators. Results showed a stable anaerobic digestion process without system failures in all BGPs. The methane yield had a range of 0.23–0.35 m3CH4/kgODM for DE BGPs and 0.11–0.22 m3CH4/kgODM for CN BGPs, due to different substrates and working temperatures. Financial analyses indicated that DE BGPs are viable under their current feed-in tariffs contracts. Their financial internal rate of return (IRR) ranged between 8 and 22%. However, all CN BGPs had negative IRRs, indicating that they are financially unfeasible. Risk analyses illustrated that DE BGPs will face financial nonviability if benefits decrease by 9–33% or costs increase by 10–49%, or if a combined worse case (benefit decrease and cost increase) of 5–20% occurs. Incentives to BGP operations are particularly important in China, where the government should consider switching the construction-based subsidy to a performance-based subsidy system to motivate the operators. BGP monitoring is necessary to understand the performance, in addition to briefing policymakers in case a policy reform is needed.
Autonomous Robotic Exploration and Navigation System using Tri-layered Mapping and Geometrical Path Planning Techniques

In the recent decade, robotic exploration is emerging as a vast research platform as it prolongs to be a challenging task, especially in unknown dynamic environments. Exploration plays a vital role in collecting data from the areas inaccessible to the human. The operation of manual exploration systems in complex environments is cumbersome due to ineffective noise filtering, poor visibility and shuffling of map characteristics. In order to overcome such drawbacks, our approach focuses on the development of autonomous robotic exploration by designing a robust SLAM-based system, incorporating tri-layered mapping technique for automatic map generation and a new geometrical boundary-based path-planning technique to improve the mobility of the robot during navigation. The proposed path-planning algorithm yields better trajectory planning and obstacle avoidance using the pose, odometry and orientation parameters of the robot. The performance of the developed robot is evaluated through real-time experimentation, and it is evident from the results that, the proposed approach is preferable for autonomous exploration applications.
The Effect of Collaterallizable Assets, Growth in Net Assets, Liquidity, Leverage and Profitability on Dividend Policy (Case Studies on Non-Financial Services Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2019 Period)

Dividend policy is one of the most important functions for corporate finance and has influence with various company stakeholders. Dividend policy reflects the quality and reputation of the company, namely the company's ability to manage its business processes to generate profits well or vice versa. In practice, companies experience difficulties in determining and deciding dividend policies, namely the decision to withhold profits to be used as company operational development or to distribute dividends to shareholders to increase investor confidence in the company. The difference in interests that occurs in dividend policy is called agency theory. This study aims to determine the effect of collateralizable assets (COLLAS), growth in net assets, liquidity (CR), leverage (DER), and profitabilitas (ROE) on dividend policy (DPR) in non-financial service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The data used in this study was obtained from financial report data taken from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study are non-financial service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The sampling technique used is perposive sampling and obtained 31 firms with a research period of 4 years, thus obtaining 124 sample data. The method of data analysis in this study is panel data regression analysis using software Eviews 11.0. The results showed that simultaneous collateralizable assets (COLLAS), growth in net assets, liquidity (CR), leverage (DER), and profitabilitas (ROE) had a significant effect on dividend policy (DPR). Meanwhile, partially Collateralizable Assets (COLLAS) has a significant effect in a positive direction on dividend policy. Growth In Net Assets has no significant effect in a negative direction on dividend policy. Liquidity (CR) does not have a significant negative effect on dividend policy. Leverage (DER) does not have a significant negative effect on dividend policy. Profitability (ROE) has a significant effect in a positive direction on dividend policy.
Electrically tunable inverse spin Hall effect in SrIrO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7 Ti0.3O3 heterostructures through interface strain coupling

Oxide spin detector materials are highly desired for emergent all-oxide spintronics. In this work, Permalloy/SrIrO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7 Ti0.3O3 (Py/SIO/PMNPT) heterostructures were prepared by pulsed laser deposition of SIO thin films epitaxially on (001)-oriented single crystalline PMNPT substrates, followed by sputter deposition of Py films upon SIO through a shadow mask. The paramagnetic SIO layer, with a large spin–orbit coupling, serves as a detector to check the spin current pumped from the adjacent ferromagnetic Py layer through the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). It is observed that the spin pumping amplitude can be reversibly tuned by about 50% through applying a 10 kV/cm electric field on the piezoelectric PMNPT substrate. The ISHE voltage shows a butterfly hysteresis resembling the strain-field curve of PMNPT, indicating the relevance of strain coupling at the SIO/PMNPT interface. In situ x-ray diffraction reveals that both in-plane and out-of-plane lattice parameters of SIO vary with the field applied on PMNPT. These results highlight that SIO is a promising candidate material for spin detection, and the efficiency of spin to charge conversion in SIO can be tuned electrically in SIO/PMNPT heterostructures.
Learning Tracking Control for Cyber–Physical Systems

This article investigates the problem of optimal tracking control for cyber–physical systems (CPSs) when the cyber realm is attacked by Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks which can prevent the control signal transmitting to the actuator. Attention is focused on how to design the optimal tracking control scheme without using the system dynamics and analyze the impact of DoS attacks on tracking performance. First, a Riccati equation for the augmented system, including the system model and the reference model is derived under the framework of dynamic programming. The existence and uniqueness of its solution are proved. Second, the impact of the successful DoS attack probability on tracking performance is analyzed. A critical value of the probability is given, beyond which the solution to the Riccati equation cannot converge. The tracking controller cannot be designed. Third, reinforcement learning is introduced to design the optimal tracking control schemes, in which the system dynamics are not necessary to be known. Finally, both a dc motor and an F16 aircraft are used to evaluate the proposed control schemes in this article.
Influence of phosphorus and sulphur on growth, yield and yield attributes of tomato in calcareous soil

Tomato is an important commercial vegetable crop grown throughout the world, is also known to tolerate the calcareous soil conditions. But, phosphorus availability is a major constrain affecting its yield and productivity. Application of sulphur(S) is known to enhance its availability through bio-chemical reactions and desorption process. To ascertain the quantity of P and S required to enhance the productivity of tomato, a field experiment was conducted in calcareous clay loam soil with five levels of P 2 O 5 (312.5, 250, 187.5, 125 and 0 kg ha ? 1 ) and four levels of S, applied at the rate of 2.5, 1.5, 0.5 and 0 per cent (w/w) equivalent to active CaCO 3 in soil. Increased rate of P and S application enhanced tomato growth recording highest with P 312.5 +S 2.5 which was on par with P 250 +S 2.5 . But, the highest fruit setting rate (69.37%) was obtained with P 250 +S 2.5 resulting in higher number of fruits per cluster (4.94), fruits per plant (41.17), fruit weight (77.60 g), fruit diameter (5.17cm). All these yield parameters were manifested into marketable tomato fruit yield recording maximum of 42.30 t ha ? 1 with P 250 +S 2.5 . The study established that application of 250 kg ha ? 1 P +2.5% S found to be statistically optimum for tomato in terms of its yield (42.30 ton ha ? 1 ).
Ambipolar transistors based on random networks of WS2 nanotubes

WS2 nanotubes are rolled multiwalled nanotubes made of a layered material, tungsten disulfide. Their fibril structures enable the fabrication of random network films; however, these films are nonconducting, and thus have not been used for electronic applications. Here, we demonstrate that carrier injection into WS2 networks using an electrolyte gating approach could cause these networks to act as semiconducting channels. We clarify the Raman characteristics of WS2 nanotubes under electrolyte gating and confirm the feasibility of the injection of electrons and holes. We reveal ambipolar behaviors of the WS2 nanotube networks in field-effect transistor setups with electrolyte gating.