Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward predictive and computationally affordable Lagrangian–Eulerian modeling of spray–wall interaction

The work presented in this article focuses on improving the understanding of spray–wall interaction phenomena and the predictivity of computational models for modern internal combustion engine–like conditions. Previous work from the authors highlighted some of the limitations of the currently available spray–wall interaction sub-models, especially those based on experimental observations carried out on single droplet impingement of non-hydrocarbon fluids. Previous experimental observations and direct numerical simulations provided unique qualitative and quantitative details that were leveraged to improve Lagrangian–Eulerian simulations of spray–wall interaction. In this work, Yarin and Weiss’ theory for droplet train impingements, as interpreted by Stanton and Rutland, was implemented in the CONVERGE software. A novel and mathematically rigorous calculation of the impingement frequency for Lagrangian parcels was proposed to replace the zero-droplet-spacing assumption present in the original model and improve the prediction of droplet splash. Preliminary testing and validation of the new formulation against experiments carried out in a constant volume vessel showed encouraging results. The feedback loop between experiments, Lagrangian–Eulerian simulations, and direct numerical simulations also motivated the investigation of the surface roughness model available in the Lagrangian–Eulerian framework. This part of the study pointed out the importance of correctly predicting the interaction between liquid and surrounding gas in the near-wall region. Overall, the results shown indicate that correctly capturing the pre-impingement physics and liquid–gas interaction, together with improving splash predictions, was key for improving the accuracy of Lagrangian–Eulerian computational fluid dynamics simulations of spray–wall impingement.
Expansion of the wild_type pfcrt 76K allele in Plasmodium falciparum populations in Mbita, Kenya

SUMMARY Background and Methodology: Chloroquine resistance in P. falciparum is conferred by mutations in the pfcrt gene with K76T mutation being definitive in as far as chloroquine resistance is concerned. The prevalence of point mutations at codons 74, 75 and 76 of P. falciparum of the pfcrt gene was determined by dotblot/probe hybridization analysis in 121 samples collected in May 2009 twelve years after chloroquine cessation in Kenya. Results: We found out that 80.17% of the field isolates from Mbita harbor the T76 mutation while 19.83% have the wild type allele K76 ( T test, P= 0.108 (2005 versus 2009)). Majority of the isolates had MNT haplotype at codons 74, 75 and 76. Conclusion: The study showed a significant expansion of the pfcrt 76K allele and thus expansion of parasite
Smartphone Addiction and the Use of Social Media among University Students

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction, using the Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) among English language preparatory year students in a state university. It also aimed to determine which mobile applications are more popular among the participants. 164 students were given questionnaires, but seven were eliminated as not owning a smartphone. Statistical analysis was run for 157 students, of which 73 were girls and 84 boys, with an average age of 18.94. The analysis of the results showed that 28.8 percent of girls and 32.1 percent of boys were above the cut-off points. This constitutes 30.6% of the total participants that were among the risk group. There was no significant difference found based on gender, place of living or field of study. WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube, Facebook and Snapchat were the most popular applications as over 50 percent of the participants used them. Study implications and future research directions were discussed.
DETECTION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN Zea mays INBRED LINES USING SSRs AND SRAP MARKERS

Information on germplasm variability and relationships among elite materials is fundamentally important in crop improvement. In this study, genetic variability of 11 maize genotypes, three testers [Giza 1, Single cross 10 (S.C.10) and Three ways cross 310 (T.W.C. 310)] and eight selfed inbred lines (S1.19, S1.45, S1.46, S1.50, S1.51, S1.59, S1.61 and S1.64) was tested using ten microsatellite (SSRs) loci distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize, and 50 SRAP marker combinations, regarding the means of dry weight of 100 grains. For the SSRs results, only six markers were polymorphic. A total of 24 alleles were detected among the maize genotypes. At each locus, the number of alleles varied from one to five, with an average of 2.1 alleles. On the basis of the genetic similarity coefficients, the SSRs UPGMA clustering analysis separated the genotypes into two clusters showing four groups. The most unrelated genotypes were S1.19 and S1.61 where they had 0.48 genetic similarities. The PIC ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 with an average of 0.31. The SRAP results gained 37 polymorphic primers combinations with polymorphism average of 53.4%. The most related genotypes were inbred lines S1.50 and S1.45 with genetic similarity of 0.84. The PIC ranged from 0.24 to 0.91 with an average of 0.68. The combined results of both SSRs and SRAP create a dendrogram with three groups.
Self-efficacy Evaluation Survey on Chinese Employees: Case of Electronics Limited Company “X1” (Shenzhen)”& Investments Company Limited “X2” (Beijing)

Psychologists in general, show interest in personal causation—how people organize, plan and bring change in their lives, how confident people feel and face new challenges. This research aims to investigate on employees’ self-efficacy level in Chinese companies. It provides major points employees need in the development of their abilities. Questionnaires are provided for employees in “X1” and “X2” respectively Electronics Co.; Ltd, (Shenzhen) and Investment Management Co.L. td” (Beijing). We use excel to analyze the results obtained. The findings are significant and motivational. More than 90% of employees have positive level of self-efficacy to perform task given. The more employees in the companies, the lower self-efficacy on their tasks. Employees’ level of self-efficacy plays a critical role and impacts on performance in the organizations. This study indicates a relationship between given tasks among employees—the high number of employees in an organization tends to reduce self-efficacy’s level, and negatively influences on performance. This survey’s limitations derived from unavailability of sufficient funds and language barriers. But questionnaire was orally translated in Chinese.
Ultrafast time resolved reflection high energy electron diffraction with tilted pump pulse fronts

We present time-resolved RHEED from a laser excited Pb(111) surface using a pulse front tilter for the compensation of the velocity mismatch of electrons and light. The laser pulses with tilted fronts were characterized by a spatially resolving cross correlator. The response of the surface upon excitation was observed to be less than 2 ps.
The Factors of Management , Communication , Partnership , and Innovation in the Implementation of Posbindu ( Integrated Health Post ) NCD : A Study in Kelurahan Gunung Batu Bogor City *

By 2015, 68% of deaths in Indonesia are due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and are forecast to increase to 74% by 2030. Riskesdas data of 2013 show that 69.6% of cases of diabetes mellitus and 63.2% of cases of hypertension have not been diagnosed. The government has been trying to proactively make efforts to prevent NCD through the implementation of Posbindu (Integrated Health Post) NCD, but visit Posbindu NCD in the work area of Pasir Mulya Puskesmas, Bogor City is very diverse. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of management, communication, partnership, and innovation in the implementation of Posbindu NCD and determinants of the implementation of Posbindu NCD. We conducted in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document review and observation at two Posbindu NCD with the highest number of visits and the lowest in Gunung Batu Village, Bogor City in 2017. We interviewed 15 informants, consisting of cadres, in charge of NCD Puskesmas, in charge of Puskesmas Pembantu and supervisor of Posbindu NCD. This research found 4 factors, namely management (human resources, fund, and facilities), innovation, communication and partnership that influence the result of Posbindu implementation. Therefore, to run effectively the Posbindu NCD program, then 4 of those factors need to be optimized.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Inoculation Effects of AMF and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on Soybean under Drought Stress From Reflectance Spectroscopy

Precise estimation of leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and leaf water content (LWC) of soybean, using remote sensing technology, provides a new avenue for the nondestructive evaluation of inoculation effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BJ) on soybean growth condition. In this study, a series of pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse, soybean inoculated with Glomus intraradices (G.i, one of AMF species), G.i and BJ, and non-inoculation were planted under drought stress (DS) and normal irrigation (NI) conditions. Leaf spectra and LCC and LWC were measured on the 28th and 56th days after inoculation. Two new simple ratio (SR) indices, derived from the first derivative spectral reflectance at λ1 nm (Dλ1) and the raw spectral reflectance at λ2 nm (Rλ2), were developed to estimate LCC and LWC. The results indicate that under DS, plants inoculated with G.i had higher LCC and LWC than the non-inoculated plants, followed by the counterparts co-inoculated with G.i and BJ. Linear estimation models, established by the D650/Rred edge and D1680/R680, achieved great improved accuracy for quantifying LCC and LWC of soybean under inoculation and drought stress treatments, with determination of coefficient of 0.63 and 0.76, respectively.
Cerebral Networks of Interfacial Water: Analogues of the Neural Correlates of Consciousness in a Synthetic Three-Shell Realistic Head Model

The physical properties of water, particularly the nature of interfacial water and pH shifts associated with dynamics of the hydronium ion near any surface, may be a primary source of the complex electromagnetic patterns frequently correlated with consciousness. Effectively all of the major correlates of consciousness, including the 40 Hz and 8 Hz coupling between the cerebral cortices and hippocampal formation, can be accommodated by the properties of water within a specific-shaped volume exposed to a magnetic field. In the present study, quantitative electroencephalographic activity was measured from an experimental simulation of the human head constructed using conductive dough whose pH could be changed systematically. Spectral analyses of electrical potentials generated over the regions equivalent to the left and right temporal lobes in humans exhibited patterns characteristic of Schumann Resonance. This fundamental and its harmonics are generated within the earth-ionospheric cavity with intensities similar to the volumetric intracerebral magnetic (~2 pT) and electric field (~6 × 10-1 V·m-1) strengths. The power densities for specific pH values were moderately correlated with those obtained from normal human brains for the fundamental (first) and second harmonic for the level simulating the cerebral cortices. Calculations indicated that the effective pH would be similar to that encountered within a single layer of protons near the plasma membrane surface. These results reiterate recent measurements in a large population of human brains showing the superimposition of Schumann power densities in QEEG data and indicate that intrinsic features of proton densities within cerebral water may be a fundamental basis to consciousness that can be simulated experimentally.
Desemantization of Functional Grammatical Causatives in the Aspect of Grammaticalization

This article dwells upon the issues, connected with the prototype theory and grammaticalization theory in the sphere of causativeness category which is considered as interpersonal interaction. Functional grammatical causatives appear to be a means of causativeness actualization. In the process of functioning, they display prototypical characteristics which form the core of causativeness category and are traced to analytical tools of a language. One of leading grammaticalization indicators is desemantization, as a verb loses its lexical meaning in a certain environment and acquires grammatical functions. Functional grammatical causatives are considered to be analytical causative, for their meaning is formed in the sphere of functioning of such English verbs as to cause, to make, to force, to get, to bring, to let, to permit, to set, to keep, to allow; German verbs: lassen (to let, to cause), heiβen (to tell, to bid), machen (to make), bringen (to make, to get, to drive). Functional grammatical causatives possess generalized meaning and desemantization, display high usage frequency and have a wide range of generated constructions.
A Formally Veriﬁed Cryptographic Extension to a RISC-V Processor

Security in computing systems is based upon having correct and secure software, firmware, and hardware. Formal reasoning is capable of providing solid assurance about correctness and security for software and firmware, and formal reasoning about hardware correctness has advanced significantly in recent years. However, formal reasoning about system security is in its infancy. The security of software systems is often reliant upon cryptographic foundations and development artifacts open to peer review, such as formal protocol and algorithm specifications and proofs of correctness. The security of hardware systems, however, is virtually always based upon secrecy and limited amounts of testing. RISC-V presents an opportunity to change the state of system security assurance for the better. As a first step in this direction, we describe a formally verified cryptographic extension to RISC-V and its assurance case.
Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Count Data Regression: Self-Feeding Activity in Fish

Abstract This paper introduces a new approach to incorporating time-dependent overdispersion for Poisson-related regression models. To handle the added flexibility in conditional heteroskedasticity in time series count data models, some well-known estimators are adapted, and a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator is suggested. The estimators are applied to a time series of self-feeding activity in Arctic charr. There is strong support for both a dynamic conditional mean function and a dynamic model for the overdispersion.
Universal local pair correlations of Lieb-Liniger bosons at quantum criticality

The one-dimensional Lieb-LinigerBose gas is a prototypical many-body system featuring universal Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) physics and free fermion quantum criticality. We analytically calculate finite temperature local pair correlations for the strong-coupling Bose gas at quantum criticality using the polylog function in the framework of the Yang-Yang thermodynamic equations. We show that the local pair correlation has the universal value g((2))(0) approximate to 2p/(n epsilon) in the quantum critical regime, the TLL phase, and the quasiclassical region, where p is the pressure per unit length rescaled by the interaction energy epsilon = (h) over bar (2)/2m c(2) with interaction strength c and linear density n. This suggests the possibility to test finite temperature local pair correlations for the TLL in the relativistic dispersion regime and to probe quantum criticality with the local correlations beyond the TLL phase. Furthermore, thermodynamic properties at high temperatures are obtained by both high temperature and virial expansion of the Yang-Yang thermodynamic equation.
Evaluation of different solvent extracts of sweet flag rhizome, Acorus calamus (L.) on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

Investigation was conducted to test the insecticidal activity of sweet flag rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) extracts on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) on cow pea in storage during 2016-2017 at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. Sweet flag (SF) extracts obtained by different extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker extraction) using various solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol exhibited varied levels of insecticidal action on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Pulse beetle on cow pea seeds, there was a positive correlation between the concentration of the sweet flag extracts and the insecticidal action. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in soxhlet extraction for C. maculatus was 0.042, 0.230 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in mechanical shaker extraction for C. maculatus was 0.009, 0.275 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. Hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker) showed cent per cent mortality at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on 5th day after treatment (DAT). For ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker), caused more than 80 per cent mortality was observed on 6th DAT at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on pulse beetle respectively. On 90 DAT, hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods and of ethyl acetate extract of SF obtained from mechanical shaker extraction, there was no progeny development of C. maculatus at 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.1per cent concentrations. Cent per cent mortality and there is no progeny development C. maculatus in 0.09 and 0.1 per cent of hexane extract of SF (both extraction methods) and ethyl acetate extract of SF (mechanical shaker extraction) treated cowpea seeds upto 90 days when compared to untreated control.
The effect of change in evolution parameters on evolutionary robots

One of the recent trends of robot design involves the evolution of morphology and controller of robots using techniques from evolutionary computation. In this co-evolution process, the evolution system utilises the stochastic and heuristic nature of artificial evolution to evolve robots for specific tasks. Inspired by natural evolution, a population of initial solutions are randomly created and selected parents are mated to produce offspring. Based on the performance or fitness of individual solutions including children, next generation is chosen and this process continues until a solution of satisfactory performance is reached. Among various methods of evolution, Genetic Algorithms (GA) is commonly used for evolution of morphology. In this paper, the effect of change in various evolution parameters in the GA on the final solution is studied. Parameters such as size of population, number of generations evolved and several variation parameters are varied. Experiments are conducted to evolve mobile robots primarily for locomotion on a flat surface on an open source evolutionary robots design platform called RoboGen. Robots are evolved from a specific set of parts which includes various structural components, active and passive joints and sensors.
Modelling the impact of opioid substitution therapy on the prevention benefit of antiretroviral therapy amongst people who inject drugs

Word count 250 Objective: A recent systematic review suggested that opioid substitution therapy (OST) increased uptake of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and HIV viral suppression. We modelled whether OST could improve the prevention benefit achieved by ART amongst people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods: Findings from the systematic review were used to model how introducing OST improves ART coverage and HIV viral suppression across a PWID population for different baseline ART coverage levels. Changes in the level of viral suppression across the population were used to estimate the relative reduction in HIV transmission risk achieved by ART, with or without OST, compared to if there was no ART defined as the prevention effectiveness of ART. In relative terms, we estimated how OST improved the prevention effectiveness of ART. Results: Compared to not being on OST, the average prevention effectiveness of ART for PWID on OST is heightened relatively by 44% or 20% for a low (20%) or high (60%) baseline ART coverage, respectively. Similar improvements in the prevention effectiveness of ART can also be achieved at the population-level (across those on and off OST) when compared to if OST was not introduced. For instance, if OST is introduced at 40% coverage, the population-level prevention effectiveness of ART increases relatively by 37% or 19% for a low (20%) or high (60%) baseline ART coverage, respectively. Improvements in ART prevention effectiveness decrease for lower OST coverage levels. Conclusions: OST could substantially improve the prevention benefit of ART; supporting strategies to concurrently scale-up OST with ART.
A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC INVENTORY SYSTEMS

This paper derives sensitivity properties of the single item inventory model with stochastic demand and positive setup costs. The anaivaissumbssiSsetheeffect of changes in the variability of the leadtime demand. For the order-quantity/reorder-point systems, we prove that when the variability of the leadtime demand increases: (i) the optimal order quantity increases, but, somewhat contrary to the conventional wisdom, the optimal reorder point does not necessarily increase; (u) the minimum cost of the inventory system increases, and it increases at a slower rate than and converges to the cost of the optimal base-stock policy; and (iii) the cost performance becomes more robust to the choice of order quantity. In addition, we also show that both the optimal reorder point and the optimal order-up-to level decrease (increase) as the inventory holding (shortage penalty) cost increases.
A Study on the Default Determination of Residential Mortgages: The Application of Bayes’ Theorem on Classification Adequacy

Many banks lending activities, from retail to small business financing, requires some collateral. Banks’ loss resulting from default can also be evaluated through the collateral value. On the one hand, banking industries need to promote the lending business to increase revenue; on the other, they seek to lend secured loans to avoid loss. Therefore, the prediction of default behavior plays an important role in mortgage lending activities for banking industries. This study attempts to explore the significant factors affecting default of residential mortgages, and find out the appropriate cutoff point in the binary logistic regression model (as compared with traditional cutoff point of 0.5). Empirical results show that the mortgage contract rate, LTV, low education level, the numbers of cash card and unemployment rate have significant positive effects on default. The economic growth rate has significant negative impact on default. Through the screening tests (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity, and negative predictivity, respectively), this study chose an optimal cutoff point of 0.8 where there is crossover between positive predictivity and negative predictivity curves, instead of traditional sensitivity and specificity approaches. We finally conclude that the ability of classification accuracy by the positive predictivity and negative predictivity approaches are higher than traditional sensitivity and specificity approaches.