Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Power Design for Source Coupled Logic Gates

This paper presents a new technique for lowering power dissipation of Source Coupled Logic (SCL) circuits. Variants of SCL such as MOS Current Mode Logic (MCML) and Positive Feedback Source Coupled Logic (PFSCL) suffer from the disadvantage that implementing complex logic function requires stacking of transistor and/or cascading of gates which negatively affects the minimum power supply required and the delay respectively. With MCML and PFSCL triple tail based implementation, while the previous issues are solved the issue of constant bias current still remains. Here, a generic technique to lower the minimum required power supply voltage is presented which is applied to the constant current source transistor in current mode logic, which in turn reduces the minimum power supply required. To verify the behavior, two input XOR gate based on proposed technique has been implemented in MOS current mode logic based triple tail and PFSCL based Triple Tail and has been simulated. The use of proposed technique shows improvement in power dissipation of 18% for 100uA bias current, proportional to the reduction in the minimum power supply voltage. Simulations have been carried out in ORCAD PSPICE using TSMC CMOS 180nm technology. To verify the behavior of the proposed technique under process variations, process corner analysis has been carried out and the circuit shows maximum variation of 12.5% in the voltage swing. The proposed technique does not negatively impact the delay.
Debiasing of SRAM PUFs: Selection and Balancing

Fuzzy commitment is used to bind a secret key to an SRAM-PUF observation vector. The fuzzy commitment scheme is secure as long as the observation vector has full entropy. Here, we assume that the observation vectors are biased, and explore two elementary schemes for debiasing: selection and balancing. We study the performance of the schemes from an information theoretic perspective.
Cascaded Structure of Wiener Filter with FBS based Spectral Splitting and Dynamic Range Compression For Listeners with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

This paper presents a cascaded structure of wiener filter followed by spectral splitting using Filter Bank Summation (FBS) method and dynamic range compression with constant compression factor for binaural dichotic presentation. This helps to compensate the effect of spectral masking, reduced dynamic range for moderate sensorineural hearing loss and also improves speech perception in the adverse listening conditions by removing unwanted noise. Wiener filter is used as noise reduction algorithm. Using auditory critical bandwidths, the signal is separated into eighteen frequency bands, varying from 0-5 KHz. Spectral splitting is performed by combing odd and even numbered filter bands and presented to the left and right ears respectively that help in reducing the effect of frequency masking. Amplitude compression using fixed compression factor (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) in each band was carried out that helps in compensating the reduced dynamic range of the hearing impaired people. Listening tests using Mean Opinion Score (MOS) on normal-hearing subjects were conducted to test the perceived quality of the processed speech. VCV syllable /aba/ and sentences were used as the test material. The results of the listening tests showed that the MOS scores for the processed speech (4.31, 4.06, 3.68, 3.5, 3.067 and 2.612) were higher as compared with those for unprocessed speech (4.48, 1.2, 1.13, 1.06, 0.8 and 0.45) for SNR values of ∞, +6, +3, 0, −3 and −6 dB respectively, indicating the improvement in the perceived quality for different SNR conditions for the compression factor of 0.6. To estimate the intelligibility of the perceived speech, listening test was also carried out on hearing impaired (moderate SNHL) subjects in the presence of background noise using Modified Rhyme Test (MRT). The test material consists 50 sets of monosyllabic words of consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) form with six words in each set. Each subject is responded for total of 1800 presentations (300 words x 6 different SNR conditions). Results of the listening tests (using MRT) showed maximum improvement in speech recognition scores (23.49 - 27.29%) compared to unprocessed speech, indicating enhancement in intelligibility of the speech at lower SNR values.
An Adaptive, Humanlike Robot Hand with Selective Interdigitation: Towards Robust Grasping and Dexterous, In-Hand Manipulation

This paper presents an adaptive robot hand that is capable of performing selective interdigitation, robust grasping, and dexterous, in-hand manipulation. The design consists of underactuated, compliant, anthropomorphic robot fingers that are implemented with flexure joints based on elastomer materials (urethane rubber). The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of each finger can achieve both flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. The use of differential mechanisms simplifies the actuation scheme, as we utilize only two actuators for four fingers, achieving affordable dexterity. The two actuators offer increased power transmission during the execution of grasping and manipulation tasks. The importance of the thumb is highlighted with the use of two individual tendon-routing systems for its control. An analytical model is employed to derive the rotational stiffness of the finger flexure joints and select appropriate actuators. Selective interdigitation allows the robot hand to switch from pinch grasp configurations to power grasp configurations optimizing the performance of the device for specific objects. The design can be fabricated with off-the-shelf materials and rapid prototyping techniques, while its efficiency has been validated using an extensive set of experimental paradigms that involved the execution of complex tasks with everyday life objects.
Novel Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter Suitable for Photovoltaic Application with Selective Harmonic Elimination Control

Design and application of optimized multilevel inverter (MLI) with reduced components count in different applications is the present focus among the Power electronics research community. This paper presents a novel reduced switch level doubling (RSLD) MLI. Due to the inclusion of a level doubling circuit, proposed MLI produces 4n+1 voltage levels instead of 2n+1 at the output. The design consideration is justified with performance comparison among few recently developed MLI topologies in view of switch count, source count, standing voltage, and loss. Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique is used to control the proposed thirteen-level RSLD MLI by determining optimal switching angles. Moreover, the objective evaluation and harmonic minimization in MLI are delineated through SHE-PWM control. MATLAB/SIMULINK platform is used for simulation of the proposed MLI under a dynamic change in modulation index as well as varying load conditions. Furthermore theoretical and simulated findings are validated experimentally by similar tests on a developed prototype of the proposed thirteen-level MLI.
EMBER - Analysis of Malware Dataset Using Convolutional Neural Networks

The aim of this research is to implement Neural Network algorithms to achieve a model of precision (f1-score and recall) for investigating malevolent Windows portable execution files. The paper utilizes EMBER - a benchmark dataset that contains features extracted from 1.1M binary files. The dataset contains 900K training samples (malicious, benign and unlabeled samples) and 200K test samples and provides numerous cases to build models that enhance information security. So, in order to determine if a given file is a malware or not we implemented algorithms like Convolutional Neural Networks and Feed Forward Neural Networks and assembled the results in terms of accuracy.
Tuning Range Enhancement using Current Boosting in Common Source Amplifier based Ring Oscillator

In this work, Tuning Range of Common Source (CS) Amplifier based Ring Oscillator is enhanced by using Current boosting MOSFET. CS Amplifier based ring Oscillator is designed and simulated with and without current boosting MOSFET in GPDK45 nm CMOS technology under the power supply limitation of 1.1 V. Tuning range of 470 MHz to 16.74 GHz is achieved without using the aforementioned technique whereas tuning range of 308 MHz to 41.75 GHz is achieved by utilizing the Current boosting method. Phase noise and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) parameters are also measured for both the VCO's, along with power consumption at oscillation frequency. Performance of the ring oscillators are checked across various process corners, supply voltage fluctuations and temperature variations.
Comparison of A* Algorithm and Time Bounded A* Algorithm on Maze Chase Game NPC

The application of artificial intelligence in computer games has increased in recent years. Maze chase game is a game that takes place in a maze. The aim of the game is that the player must take all the points in the maze. Inside the labyrinth there are four Non-Playable Characters (NPCs) that move to chase the player. The shortest path algorithm is applied to the NPC in order to determine the shortest path from the current position of the NPC to the player position. In this study the author will compare the optimal level of path retrieval and the length of time needed in selecting the shortest path using the A* algorithm and the Time-Bounded A* algorithm. With the implementation of the A* algorithm and the TBA* algorithm on the Maze Chase game NPCs, the authors found that the A* algorithm has a faster travel time of 0.3% when compared to the TBA* algorithm, while the TBA* algorithm expands the nodes 73.2% less compared to the A* algorithm.
Modeling and Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Load in Residential Area

In this paper, a new method for modeling and analyzing the charging load of urban electric vehicles in the residential area is proposed, based on the factors including parking and charging characteristics of electric vehicles. Firstly, according to the parking behavior of electric vehicles, the paper establishes the parking model. Subsequently, by analyzing the mileage distribution as well as the relationship between mileage and power consumption, the state-of-charge (SOC) model is established. Then, combining those models and other regional characteristics, the paper proposes the specific charging model of electric vehicles in the residential area, which is utilized to forecast the charging load of electric vehicles in residential areas. In the charging model, optimization of power consumption simulation, return time distribution, and power distribution when return are included. Finally, taking Shanghai as an example, the paper applies the comprehensive charging model to draw rich conclusions, which can be helpful for dispatching and other work of the urban grid system in the future.
Variance Based Analysis for an Isolated Power System Using Kalman Filter and LQR

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is an important approach to acquire the stability to ensure reliable operation of power systems. For stable operation of power systems, the frequency of the system should be reserved within the nominal value. Towards this, the estimation of states is of paramount importance. In this paper, a comparison is made of (i) the continuous estimation of the states from the measurement of one of the state variable of a power system using Kalman filter, followed by a pole placement to ensure stability and (ii) the optimal control approach viz Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to the Automatic Generation Control (AGC), implementing control from direct measurement of all state variables. The comparison is made on the basis of the mean of variances of frequency estimate of both the approaches under different noise levels on the measurements made, from independent Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison is done on an isolated power system, modelled using Simulink/MATLAB.
Analysis and Implementation of HOT Standby Operation of Variable Frequency Drives

The main focus of this work is the study of various drive redundant operation possibilities. In this work, different techniques adopted in real time applications for drive redundancy operation are studied. Also drive redundancy operation carried out by various manufacturers are investigated and are included in the paper. The comparisons of various types of drive redundancy operations are also explained. Out of all these techniques, HOT STANDBY (HS) option of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) is chosen and analyzed. Phase Locked Loop (PLL) techniques for analyzing the frequency and phase angle information of three phase signals are studied. Out of all the available three phase PLL, the appropriate PLL for this research is chosen and is implemented using Simulink environment. The chosen PLL is DDSRF-PLL which is used to check and correct drive synchronization dynamically. The proposed HS operation is implemented using Simulink and feasibility of the technique is studied. This setup is simplest and low cost design of HS option of VFDs.
An Experience with Multi-sensor Robot for Adaptive Human Sensing

Human sensing is vital to multiple applications such as smart homes, assisted living, traffic control, serving robot, rescue operations, etc. For healthy growing, robots are designed for human beings for various purposes such as assisted living, to have a conversation with individuals to avoid depression, a service robot, etc. Since the robot(s) have to work in the close vicinity of humans, it is necessary for the robot(s) to sense the human presence adaptively with the change in environment and also localize itself in an indoor scenario where GPS fails to work. In this paper, we propose a solution based on Analog Ultrasonic Sensor (AUS), Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor, and RGB camera where a robot (on which sensors are mounted) can adapt with changing the environment to sense human presence. Also, the robot can make a decision which sensor to be ruled out from decision making for a particular environment and can localize itself with the help of sonar data in an indoor scenario. Experiments are carried out to apprehend the proposed method in different environments, and results show the efficacy of the proposed method. We have also emphasized on the lessons learned and difficulties faced during the implementation of the adaptive human sensing and localization.
Interference Management in Heterogeneous Networks using Modified Mothflame Optimization

Resource block management for network optimization is necessary in order to minimize interference, thus improving network performance. In a heterogeneous network where the femtocells are deployed inside a macrocell, the co-tier and cross-tier interference are still an issue in this research area. This interference can lead to degradation of the system performance. A proper resource block management is then required to reduce the interference. Several studies to reduce the interference have been conducted using various optimization methods, such as discrete bacterial foraging optimization (DBFO) and random scheme. However, interference reduction using a modified discrete mothflame optimization algorithm (DMFO) method has never been carried out before. Thus, a DMFO algorithm, which is one of nature-inspired algorithms, has been proposed to solve the resource block allocation problem. A heterogeneous system model combined with the DMFO algorithm has shown some significant acceleration. Compared to the DBFO and random scheme, DMFO was found to yield a better performance as proven by cumulative distribution function (CDF) of signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) graphic.
Study of Circuits Based on SOI-vertical Gate-All-Around FET

The device performance of silicon-on-insulator vertical gate all around field effect transistor (SOI-VGAAFET) with three channels and optimal gate length is presented. The electrical parameters of the SOI-VGAAFET are compared with the bulk VGAAFET. SOI-VGAAFET exhibits low leakage current, good sub-threshold slope and low drain induced barrier lowering compared to the bulk VGAAFET device. The performance of analog and digital circuits based on SOI-VGAAFET are studied using three-dimensional mixed-mode device simulations. The results indicate that SOI-VGAAFET with optimal gate length is a suitable device in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuit applications at low feature-length and low supply voltage.
A novel γd/nRLCG transmission line model considering complex RC(L) loads

In deep-submicrometer integrated circuits, inductance effects have become increasingly significant, and interconnects are often modeled as transmission lines. An equivalent circuit model, which is called the γd/n model and regularly constructed by two elementary resistance–capacitance–inductance–conductance cells, is proposed for transmission line modeling in this paper. Unlike those moment-matching techniques, the γd/n model is a physical model in nature, and it can be applied to generated high-accuracy, stable, passive, and reduced-order models of transmission lines. In addition, RC(L) interconnect loads are also considered in this paper. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately capture the transmission line effect and the capacitive load effect. The waveform obtained by this method differs from that by the exact model in SPICE simulation with the average voltage difference less than 0.9%. For a wide range of interconnect parameters, it has been shown that this method can achieve less than 6% in average error of the 50% delays for both the near-end response and the far-end response.
Autonomous Learning of Assembly Tasks from the Corresponding Disassembly Tasks

An assembly task is in many cases just a reverse execution of the corresponding disassembly task. During the assembly, the object being assembled passes consecutively from state to state until completed, and the set of possible movements becomes more and more constrained. Based on the observation that autonomous learning of physically constrained tasks can be advantageous, we use information obtained during learning of disassembly in assembly. For autonomous learning of a disassembly policy we propose to use hierarchical reinforcement learning, where learning is decomposed into a high-level decision-making and underlying lower-level intelligent compliant controller, which exploits the natural motion in a constrained environment. During the reverse execution of disassembly policy, the motion is further optimized by means of an iterative learning controller. The proposed approach was verified on two challenging tasks - a maze learning problem and autonomous learning of inserting a car bulb into the casing.
Design of Single-Turn Air-Core Integrated Planar Inductor for Improved Thermal Performance of GaN HEMT-Based Synchronous Buck Converter

Gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has a lateral device structure with wafer-level packaging, which is advantageous in minimizing parasitic parameters and overall device size. This type of packaging also has better thermal performance than conventional packaging due to low junction-to-bottom thermal resistances. It indicates copper layers in printed circuit boards can effectively serve as heat dissipation channels for the switching devices. When these copper traces and pours in the vicinity of the switching devices are carefully designed and shaped, they can also be utilized as an integrated output filter. In this article, a synchronous buck converter with a single-turn air-core integrated planar inductor is proposed to achieve both zero-voltage switching and high thermal performance of the GaN HEMTs. A new planar inductor design flowchart is introduced, and analytically estimated inductance and resistance are verified with simulation and experiment. Three different inductors are designed and fabricated to prove the improved thermal performance of the proposed converters.
Vacancy Induced Electronic Properties of Two Dimensional Silicon Carbide: A First Principles Calculation

Recently, two dimensional silicon carbide (2D-SiC) has appeared as a fascinating nanomaterial due to its intriguing properties. Here in this paper, the effects of Carbon (C) and Silicon (Si) vacancies on the electronic properties of 2D-SiC nanosheets are investigated using first principle calculations. The electronic properties of 2D-SiC are found to be greatly dependent on their physical thickness and geometric configurations. We found that monolayer 2D-SiC has a direct bandgap of 2.71 eV that can be tuned by introducing vacancy defect. The number of the conduction band and the valence band are significantly increased in 2D-SiC for both C and Si vacancy defects. Moreover, the bandgap of 2D-SiC is decresed to 1.7028 eV and 2.4664 eV than that of the pure 2D-SiC (2.71eV) due to the incorporation of C and Si vacancies, respectively. The effect of spin orbital coupling combined with vacancies is also studied and a significant impact on the electronic structure of the 2D-SiC is found. These findings suggest that unlike silicene and graphene the monolayer 2D-SiC could be a decent candidate for spintronic and optoelectronic applications.
Design and Packaging of a Robust 120-GHz OOK Receiver Used in a Short-Range Dielectric Fiber Link

This letter presents the design of a 120 GHz receiver in 28nm CMOS with a replica biasing temperature compensation loop as part of a short-range Gbps communication link with a dielectric fiber. A comparison is made between different biasing methods for a millimeter-wave envelope detector to ensure reliable operation over an operating range from −40 °C to +200 °C. Also, a robust packaging is proposed using an on-chip antenna to couple with the dielectric fiber. The design is followed by verification with measurements.
Solid State Electrolyte-Enhanced Manganese Dioxide Lithium Primary Battery for Secondary Equipment Power in Grid

PEO-based gel polymer electrolyte had been synthesized via a simple three-step organic liquid phase reaction. Non-woven separator and PP separator were soaked in the gel polymer electrolyte for different time to obtain the best performance of the composite electrolyte. The SEM results revealed that the non-woven separator and PP separator was well covered by the gel polymer electrolyte. And the electrochemical performances of primary battery were evaluated, which were proven by galvanotactic discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test. Both non-woven separator and PP separator soaked in gel polymer electrolyte for 0.5 h exhibited excellent discharge time of 229 h and 218 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the improved interfacial compatibility between the electrode and electrolyte.
Comparative study of different methodologies to detect Melanoma

Skin cancer is increasing worldwide due to ultraviolet rays radiation. Predominantly affecting only fair skinned people, recent cases suggest that it is affecting even darker skinned people. Melanoma is a form of skin cancer which may prove to be fatal if allowed to go undetected for long periods of time. It even poses the threat of spreading to other organs in the body. Melanoma starts off as a harmless looking mole on the skin and thus early-detection of the same by untrained people is difficult. Over the last few decades, the number of cases of Melanoma has been increasing. Having realized these factors, many computer-aided techniques have been designed to enable quick and easy detection of the same. This paper analyzes the various techniques employed for the detection of Melanoma.