Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Langfristszenarien und Strategien für den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland bei Berücksichtigung der Entwicklung in Europa und global

Als Schlussbericht des BMU-Vorhabens "Langfristszenarien und Strategien fur den Ausbau der Erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland bei Berucksichtigung der Entwicklung in Eu-ropa und global" wurde die neueste und umfassendste Sze-narienanalyse unter Koordination von DLR-STB mit For-schungspartnern veroffentlicht. Die Studie steht in einer Reihe mit den von DLR-STB in den letzten Jahren durchgefuhrten BMU-Leitstudien. Mit funf detaillierten Szenarien wird gezeigt, dass der zugige weitere Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien (EE) bis zum Jahr 2050 uber 80 Prozent des in Deutschland verbrauchten Stroms und uber 50 Prozent der Warmeversorgung und der Primarenergie decken kann. Der zweite Pfeiler fur das Erreichen dieser Ziele ist die starkere Realisierung von Effizienzpotenzialen in allen Bereichen der Sektoren Strom, Warme und Verkehr. Hierzu mussen wesentlich konsequenter als bislang entsprechende politische Masnahmen auf den Weg gebracht werden. In der Studie wird gezeigt, dass eine grundlegende Voraussetzung fur beide Strategien (EE und Effizienz) eine Ausweitung des Stromeinsatzes darstellt, einerseits zur Warmeversorgung (Warmepumpen, Prozesswarme Industrie u. a.) und andererseits im Verkehr (Elektromobilitat). Wo Strom nicht direkt eingesetzt werden kann, ermoglicht eine chemische Speicherung in Form von Wasserstoff oder synthetischem Methan weitere Einsatzbereiche fur die „Primarenergie“ erneuerbarer Strom. Durch zeitlich aufgeloste Untersuchungen der Stromversorgung in Deutschland einschlieslich des europaischen Stromverbunds konnte in Kooperation mit dem Fraunhofer IWES gezeigt werden, dass auch bei uber 80 Prozent Erneuerbaren der Strombedarf in jeder Stunde eines Jahres gedeckt werden kann. Okonomische Analysen der Szenarien zeigen, dass die positiven volkswirtschaftlichen Wirkungen des Ausbaus der erneuerbaren Energien ab dem Jahr 2025 zum Tragen kommen. Die Bereitstellung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen hat zu diesem Zeitpunkt etwa den gleichen Preis, wie der Einsatz, von Steinkohle, Ol und Erdgas. Kurz nach 2035 kann bereits so viel an teurer werdenden fossilen Energietragern eingespart sein, dass samtliche Vorleistungen fur die Investitionen getilgt wurden. Zur Jahrhundertmitte hat in den Szenarien die Versorgung mit erneuerbaren Energien der Volkswirtschaft dann bereits rund 570 Milliarden Euro gegenuber der Weiterfuhrung einer fossilen Energieversorgung eingespart.
The Parallel Simplicity of Compaction and Chaining

Given a set of values x1, x2, . x n , of which k are nonzero, the compaction problem is the problem of moving the nonzero elements into the first k consecutive memory locations. The chaining problem asks that the nonzero elements be put into a linked list. One can in addition require that the elements remain in the same order, leading to the problems of ordered compaction and ordered chaining respectively. Parallel algorithms for these problems were considered by Hagerup and Nowak (ICALP 1989). This paper improves their results by introducing a technique involving perfect hash functions. This leads to a deterministic algorithm for ordered compaction running on a CRCW PRAM in time O(log k/log log n) using n processors. A matching lower bound for unordered compaction is given. In addition, the ordered chaining problem is shown to be solvable in time O(α(k)) with n processors (where α is a functional inverse of Ackermann's function) and unordered chaining can be solved in constant time with n processors when k
Traditional healthy mediterranean diet: estrogenic activity of plants used as food and flavoring agents

The Italian‐style Mediterranean diet has been defined as healthy by epidemiologists and nutritionists. Besides being low fat, the Mediterranean diet is rich in biologically active minor compounds. Among these, phytoestrogens seem to have an impact on the prevention of chronic degenerative disease. It is important to understand how this occurs. The in vitro estrogenic activity of crude extracts from typical Mediterranean foods was tested using a yeast estrogen screen (YES), containing human estrogen receptor. Species belonging to Leguminosae, Apiaceae, Graminaceae, Iridaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae and Solanaceae showed the greatest number of positive responses. These species include some foods which are traditionally widely consumed, such as beans and other legumes, tomatoes, cabbage, carrots and some cereals. The highest activity was found in the more polar extracts (aqueous, methanol and chloroform: methanol) indicating that polar compounds are mainly responsible for the estrogenic activity. This is also supported by the traditional cooking practices.
Ecological Aspects of the Distribution of Different Autotrophic CO2 Fixation Pathways

ABSTRACT Autotrophic CO2 fixation represents the most important biosynthetic process in biology. Besides the well-known Calvin-Benson cycle, five other totally different autotrophic mechanisms are known today. This minireview discusses the factors determining their distribution. As will be made clear, the observed diversity reflects the variety of the organisms and the ecological niches existing in nature.
An Enhanced Feature Extraction Method for the Zero-Crossings with Peak Amplitudes Auditory Model Based on the Mean Discharge Rate

The zero-crossing with peak amplitudes (ZCPA) is an auditory model used in cochlear implant sound processing. However, when used as an ASR front-end, ZCPA performs better than the MFCC features in noisy conditions, but degrades in clean condition. This is because ZCPA is based on the dominant frequency principle, which emphasizes low frequencies but deemphasizes the fine temporal structures of high frequencies. In this paper, we augment the ZCPA with mean rate features that are derived from a synapse model that incorporates half-wave rectification, and synaptic rapid and short-term adaptation. The performance of the auditory model, evaluated by ASR method using HMM with connected TIdigits, shows better word recognition over the base model in clean and in non-stationary noise conditions.
Sources of variation in reproductive performance in selected herds of beef cattle in north-eastern Australia.

Summary This paper contains observations of several sources of variation in reproductive performance on 13 herds of beef cattle in north-eastern Australia. Nearly 15,000 cows were examined, man, on more than one occasion. Variation between herds in pregnancy rate in June or September 1964, was 44 to 75 per cent. Lactating heifers had lower pregnancy rates than lactating cows, which in turn had lower rates than non-lactating animals. Within classes, cows in poor body condition had lower fertility than those in forward-store or fat condition. Losses of calves between pregnancy tests and branding ranged from 6 to 40 per cent in a sample of herds. In herds where year-to-year data were avail-able, the majority of cattle had one calf every two years, or two calves every three years. In one herd, cows that calved before February reared more calves than those that calved later. The main conclusion was that improved nutrition of lactating heifers and cows would be expected to increase pregnancy rates substantially.
User activity estimation method based on probabilistic generative model of acoustic event sequence with user activity and its subordinate categories

We propose a method for estimating user activities by analyzing long-term (more than several seconds) acoustic signals represented as acoustic event temporal sequences. The proposed method is based on a probabilistic generative model of an acoustic event temporal sequence that is associated with user activities (e.g. ” cooking ”) and subordinate categories of user activities (e.g. ” fry ingredients ” or ” plate food ”) in which each user activity is represented as a probability distribution over unsupervised subordinate categories of user activities called activity-topics, and each activity-topic is represented as a probability distribution over acoustic events. This probabilistic generative model can express user activities that have more than one subordinate category of the user activities, which a model that takes into account only user activities cannot express adequately. User activity estimation with this model is achieved using a two-step process: frame-by-frame acoustic event estimation to output an acoustic event temporal sequence and user activity estimation with the proposed probabilistic generative model. Activity estimation experiments with real-life sounds indicated that the proposed method improved user activity estimation accuracy and stability of ”unseen” acoustic event temporal sequences. In addition, the experiment showed that the proposed method could extract correct subordinate categories of user activities.
Simultaneous Refractive Index and Temperature Measurement Based on Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Concatenating Two Bi-Tapers and a Long-Period Grating

An all-fiber sensor for simultaneous refractive index (RI) and temperature measurement based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The MZI consists of two bi-tapers and a long-period grating. Two dips in the interference spectrum exhibit different responses to the variations of RI and temperature, and simultaneous measurement of RI and temperature can be realized by means of sensitivity coefficient matrix. Experimental results show that the RI and temperature sensitivity for the proposed sensor are -108.16 nm/RI and 0.12 nm/°C, respectively.
Identity As Narrative: Prevalence, Effectiveness, and Consequences of Narrative Identity Work in Macro Work Role Transitions

Self-narratives—stories that make a point about the narrator—help people revise and reconstruct identities during work role transitions. We propose a process model in which people draw on narrative repertoires to engage in narrative identity work in role-related interactions. Using feedback from their interactions, they revise both the stories and repertoires. Successful completion of the transition is facilitated by enduring and coherent repertoire changes to express the new role identity.
A control structure for fault-tolerant operation of robotic manipulators

Failure of any robotic system component during operation is a matter of concern. Internal shock phenomena due to the failure of joint actuation, and a recovery algorithm for both serial and parallel mechanisms under such circumstances are investigated. A control algorithm is studied that consists of a model reference algorithm and a simple proportional integral derivative (PID) controller in the feedback process. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of this recovery algorithm which attempts to reduce the internal shock when failure occurs, and accomplish the continued tracking of the given end-effector trajectory. <<ETX>>
The Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Interactions of Types of Physical Activity

Background: Leisure time physical activity has previously been shown to be protective against cardiovascular disease. We estimated the influence of exercise, occupational physical activity, and household work with regard to risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Special interest was focused on potential interaction among these aspects of physical activity. Method: We analyzed data from a large population-based case-control study conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, 1992–1994. Cases comprised 1204 men and 550 women, age 45–70 years, who experienced their first MI during the study period. The controls, 1538 men and 777 women, were randomly selected from the study base, matched on sex, age, and hospital catchment area. The results were adjusted for several potential confounding factors. Results: Exercise, walking or standing at work, and doing demanding household work were all associated with decreased risk of acute MI; the estimated relative risks (RRs) ranged from 0.31 to 0.90 when all cases (fatal and nonfatal) were considered. In contrast, lifting or carrying at work, and an occupational workload perceived to be strenuous, were related to an increased risk of MI (RRs ranging from 1.10–1.57). We observed a synergistic benefit from exercise and walking or standing at work, and from household work and walking or standing at work. Conclusion: Aerobic physical activities such as exercise or walking at work seemed to reduce the risk of MI, whereas anaerobic activities such as heavy lifting at work were related to increased risk of MI.
Chimeric scFv/γ receptor‐mediated T‐cell lysis of tumor cells is coregulated by adhesion and accessory molecules

Adhesion and accessory molecules play a critical role in T‐cell activation and effector function in general and in tumor cell recognition and lysis in particular. We investigated the contribution of CD2, CD3, CD11a/CD18, CD54 and CD58 molecules in T lymphocyte‐tumor cell interactions mediated by chimeric immunoglobulin receptors. The chimeric receptor is composed of a single chain antibody binding site and a γ‐chain signal transducing molecule (scFv/γ). T lymphocytes expressing such scFv/γ receptors recognize the G250 Ag on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in an major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐unrestricted manner and exert RCC selective cytolysis. A coregulatory role for CD2, CD3 and CD11a/CD18 molecules in scFv/γ‐mediated cytolysis was demonstrated using monoclonal antibody (MAb)‐induced inhibition of scFv/γ‐mediated cytolysis. The inhibition of lysis was not due to inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)‐target cell conjugation but rather to a post‐conjugate signaling event. Binding of CD54 and CD58 MAbs to the RCC did not inhibit cytolysis of RCC cells that expressed high levels of both CD54 and the G250 antigen (Ag) (A75), whereas cytolysis of RCC expressing intermediate levels of CD54 and G250 Ag (SK‐RC‐17 cl.4) was partly inhibited by the CD54 MAb. Binding of low concentrations of G250 MAb to RCC (A75) rendered these cells sensitive to CD54 MAb inhibition, demonstrating a direct functional relation between G250 Ag expression level and adhesion molecules. Taken together, our findings indicate a coregulatory role for CD2, CD3 and CD11a/CD18 molecules in the scFv/γ‐mediated cytolysis of tumor cells and show that the requirement of CD11a/CD18‐CD54 interactions is dependent on the level of free Ag. This make these gene‐transduced T lymphocytes attractive tools for adoptive immunogene therapy of cancer. Int. J. Cancer 77:181–187, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychiatric symptoms of dementia: Treatable, but no silver bullet

Behavioral problems are common in dementia and may reduce the quality of life of the patient and disrupt the home life of family members. Families want a pill that can cure the myriad phenotypes of a decaying brain; unfortunately, there is no pharmaceutical silver bullet. This paper reviews the evidence for using different classes of drugs for the behavior symptoms commonly encountered in dementia, focusing on concerns that the primary care physician would have about using these drugs. Your 84-year-old patient’s son is distraught. “I know Mom has dementia, but I don’t understand why she cannot relax. Please give her a pill. ”
An anomaly-based intrusion detection system for IEEE 802.11 networks

The characteristics of Wi-Fi networks and their ever-growing popularity make them an obvious target for attacks. While intrusion detection systems have been popular in wired networks for a long time, their wireless equivalents are very limited. Anomaly-based detection methods have received an increasing interest by the scientific community in the last years. They are able to fight attacks without the need of previous and thorough characterization. However, their application to wireless environments is more recent. In this paper we review some of the last proposals in this field. We also introduce a functional intrusion detection system that combines them in order to offer resilient detection of the most common attacks in 802.11 networks.
Low‐load/high‐repetition elastic band resistance training in patients with COPD: a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial

High‐repetitive resistance training (RT) is recommended to increase peripheral muscular endurance in healthy adults; however, the effects of RT with this design on exercise capacity and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. The study aimed to investigate if low‐load/high‐repetition elastic band RT could improve functional capacity, muscular function, endurance cycle capacity or HRQOL in patients with COPD.
CD4 Binding Affinity Determines Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Induced Alpha Interferon Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are major producers of type I interferons (IFN) in response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. To better define the underlying mechanisms, we studied the magnitude of alpha IFN (IFN-α) induction by recombinant viruses containing changes in the Env protein that impair or disrupt CD4 binding or expressing primary env alleles with differential coreceptor tropism. We found that the CD4 binding affinity but not the viral coreceptor usage is critical for the attachment of autofluorescing HIV-1 to PDC and for subsequent IFN-α induction. Our results illustrate the importance of the gp120-CD4 interaction in determining HIV-1-induced immune stimulation via IFN-α production.
Clinical impact of reporting estimated glomerular filtration rates.

When clinicians speak of kidney function, they almost always are talking about the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). 3 The kidney has many other functions, however. Most excretory functions are related in some way to glomerular filtration, at least as it is modified by the variable reabsorption of water and some solutes and the addition of yet other solutes via secretion. The kidney also has important endocrine functions (such as the production of erythropoietin and active vitamin D) and metabolic functions (such as the metabolism of insulin and other low molecular weight proteins) that are not related to excretory function; however, as the GFR declines because of chronic kidney disease (CKD), all of these functions also tend to decline, roughly in parallel. Thus, taking the overall kidney function as equivalent to the GFR is a generally useful approximation. Clinicians' equating of the GFR with kidney function has an additional practical utility. Estimating GFR relies on simple tests, which are based mainly on serum creatinine, whereas many other kidney functions are more difficult to measure. For example, the extensive machinery for secreting organic solutes has become increasingly well described in molecular detail, but the major natural or xenobiotic solutes that are secreted are still largely unidentified. Hence, estimating the residual secretory function by measuring the serum concentrations of such solutes is not feasible, regardless of how important to health this excretory mode might be. Creatinine was found to be a good marker of the GFR more than 70 years ago. Measurements of the urinary clearance of endogenous creatinine are a reasonable approximation of the GFR, as measured by the infusion of such exogenous markers as inulin or iothalamate. Measuring creatinine clearance, however, requires the timed collection of urine, which is cumbersome and notoriously inaccurate. To address this problem, researchers have developed several …
A New Method to Alarm Large Scale of Flights Delay Based on Machine Learning

A new method to alarm large scale of flight delays based on machine learning is presented in this paper. This new method first does unsupervised learning on the data of the flights collected from the airport. The standard of each class of delay can be gotten after the learning process. With these classes of delay, the supervised learning method can be used on the data so that the alarm model could be built. Comparing with the recent manual alarm standard, this model synthesizes more factors to do alarm. Since the recent delay standard is only related to the number of flights, which is helpful only in serious delay case, the new model performs will be more practical value than recent ones.
Epidemiological studies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: pitfalls in methodologies and data interpretation

Data on incidence, prevalence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are sparse and vary across studies. The true incidence and prevalence of the disease are unknown. In general, the overall prevalence and incidence reported in European and Asian countries are lower than those reported in American studies. In recent years, the epidemiological approach to IPF has been difficult for many reasons. First, the diagnostic criteria of the disease have changed over time. Secondly, the coding system used for IPF in administrative databases, the most common data source used to study this aspect of the disease, has been modified in the past few years. Finally, the study design, the methodology and the population selected in each of the studies are very different. All these aspects make comparisons among studies very difficult or impossible. In this review, we list the main issues that might arise when comparing different studies and that should be taken into consideration when describing the state of epidemiological knowledge concerning this pathology. An accurate understanding of IPF epidemiology is important; comparisons of studies must consider their heterogeneity http://ow.ly/P5sZF
Genetic polymorphisms of XRCC1 gene and susceptibility to gastric cancer in Chinese Han population

Abstract This study aims to evaluate whether the c.1471G > A and c.1686C > G genetic polymorphisms of XRCC1 gene influencing gastric cancer susceptibility. A total of 813 subjects with Chinese Han ethnicity were enrolled. Our data suggest that the allele and genotype frequencies are significantly different from gastric cancer patients with cancer-free controls. We find that c.1471G > A and c.1686C > G genetic polymorphisms statistically increase the risk of gastric cancer. Our findings indicate these two genetic polymorphisms are related with the susceptibility to gastric cancer, and could be used as molecular markers for detecting gastric cancer in Chinese Han ethnicity.
Laterally Coupled IZO-Based Transistors on Free-Standing Proton Conducting Chitosan Membranes

Free-standing chitosan membranes with high proton conductivity are prepared by a simple coating-peeling process. Laterally coupled flexible indium-zinc oxide electricdouble-layer transistors with dual in-plane gates are fabricated on such chitosan membranes for the first time. The operation voltage, subthreshold swing, and field-effect mobility are estimated to be 1.0 V, 119 mV/decade, and 1.2 cm2/V· s, respectively. Finally, “AND” logic operation is experimentally demonstrated with two in-plane gates as the input terminals. Such free-standing laterally coupled flexible transistors have potential applications in biosensors and biocompatible electronics.
The chemistries and consequences of DNA and RNA methylation and demethylation

Abstract Chemical modification of nucleobases plays an important role for the control of gene expression on different levels. That includes the modulation of translation by modified tRNA-bases or silencing and reactivation of genes by methylation and demethylation of cytosine in promoter regions. Especially dynamic methylation of adenine and cytosine is essential for cells to adapt to their environment or for the development of complex organisms from a single cell. Errors in the cytosine methylation pattern are associated with most types of cancer and bacteria use methylated nucleobases to resist antibiotics. This Point of View wants to shed light on the known and potential chemistry of DNA and RNA methylation and demethylation. Understanding the chemistry of these processes on a molecular level is the first step towards a deeper knowledge about their regulation and function and will help us to find ways how nucleobase methylation can be manipulated to treat diseases.