Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Risk Assessment and Security Fatigue Visualization Model for Internal E-Crime

As the Internet has become ever more important infrastructure, the threat of electronic crime (e-crime) has increased. Thus, to counter threats to information security, many information security solutions have been introduced and security policies have been made stricter. However, the excessive strictness of these policies may lower the security consciousness of employees and cause the security policy to become a dead letter. The feeling caused by following such strict information security policies is called security fatigue. Security fatigue is gaining attention as a research issue; for example, a workshop was held at SOUPS, one of Usable Security's top conferences, and a report by NIST researchers was published. To contribute to this research, we have proposed a security condition matrix to visualize how IT users feel security fatigue with respect to security countermeasures. The security condition matrix is a two-dimensional model, with the security fatigue degree on the vertical axis and the security countermeasure implementation degree on the horizontal axis. By using this matrix, it becomes possible to visualize how dangerous a person is in terms of information security and facilitate security countermeasures in accordance with each condition on the matrix. In this paper, we evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed security fatigue model for internal e-crime.
VIS4ML: An Ontology for Visual Analytics Assisted Machine Learning

While many VA workflows make use of machine-learned models to support analytical tasks, VA workflows have become increasingly important in understanding and improving Machine Learning (ML) processes. In this paper, we propose an ontology (VIS4ML) for a subarea of VA, namely “VA-assisted ML”. The purpose of VIS4ML is to describe and understand existing VA workflows used in ML as well as to detect gaps in ML processes and the potential of introducing advanced VA techniques to such processes. Ontologies have been widely used to map out the scope of a topic in biology, medicine, and many other disciplines. We adopt the scholarly methodologies for constructing VIS4ML, including the specification, conceptualization, formalization, implementation, and validation of ontologies. In particular, we reinterpret the traditional VA pipeline to encompass model-development workflows. We introduce necessary definitions, rules, syntaxes, and visual notations for formulating VIS4ML and make use of semantic web technologies for implementing it in the Web Ontology Language (OWL). VIS4ML captures the high-level knowledge about previous workflows where VA is used to assist in ML. It is consistent with the established VA concepts and will continue to evolve along with the future developments in VA and ML. While this ontology is an effort for building the theoretical foundation of VA, it can be used by practitioners in real-world applications to optimize model-development workflows by systematically examining the potential benefits that can be brought about by either machine or human capabilities. Meanwhile, VIS4ML is intended to be extensible and will continue to be updated to reflect future advancements in using VA for building high-quality data-analytical models or for building such models rapidly.
Critical ethnography for information research in diverse contexts

Most research in Library and Information Science (LIS) is concerned with the design of information systems and the access and use of information in diverse contexts. These studies usually involve the understanding of the relationships among user, system, and context, for example, how identity of meaning is achieved, on the one hand, and the analysis of cultural forms and social situations, on the other. Cultural forms and social situations, however, cannot be viewed as some kind of background or container where activities and interactions occur, nor are they causes that effect certain kinds of information behavior. Rather, they are 'affordances' that bring forth, for example, user needs and technology uses (Day and Ma, 2009). The search for affordances and the analyses of the interrelationship between interactions (human-human and human-computer) and cultural forms and social situations beg for a methodological framework that allows critical and conceptual analyses and is empirical in which the understanding of the cultural and the social are central concerns. Critical ethnography is a critical and empirical research methodology that encompasses these two criteria.
MAP7 regulates axon morphogenesis by recruiting kinesin-1 to microtubules and modulating organelle transport

Neuronal cell morphogenesis depends on proper regulation of microtubule-based transport, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report our study of MAP7, a unique microtubule-associated protein that interacts with both microtubules and the motor protein kinesin-1. Structure-function analysis in rat embryonic sensory neurons shows that the kinesin-1 interacting domain in MAP7 is required for axon and branch growth but not for branch formation. Also, two unique microtubule binding sites are found in MAP7 that have distinct dissociation kinetics and are both required for branch formation. Furthermore, MAP7 recruits kinesin-1 dynamically to microtubules, leading to alterations in organelle transport behaviors, particularly pause/speed switching. As MAP7 is localized to branch sites, our results suggest a novel mechanism mediated by the dual interactions of MAP7 with microtubules and kinesin-1 in the precise control of microtubule-based transport during axon morphogenesis.
Pharmacokinetics of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone after oral administration of Radix aucklandiae extract in normal and gastric ulcer rats

Abstract Costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone are the main active ingredients of Radix Aucklandiae (RA). An accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was established to simultaneously determine contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in plasma. There were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0−t, Cmax,1, Cmax,2, Tmax,1, Vd, and CL) of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone between RA group and costunolide group or dehydrocostuslactone group. The relative bioavailability of costunolide or dehydrocostuslactone of RA extract was improved. As compared to normal group, the Tmax,2 values of dehydrocostuslactone of RA in gastric ulcer group were prolonged, while the Cmax,1, Cmax,2, and AUC0−t values decreased.
Web Items Recommendation Based on Multi-View Clustering

Nowadays, using recommendation system to provide users with personalized recommendation service is significantly meaningful. However, traditional collaborative filtering methods may suffer from the cold start problem, while another common recommendation model called content-based recommendation may not have the ability to dig out the potential semantic features of web items sufficiently. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-content clustering collaborative filtering model (MCCCF) for recommendation system. The proposed model can apply multi-view clustering to the mining of the similarity and relevance of web items so that they can be used to improve the classic collaborative filtering. Consequently, the data sparsity problem can be solved. We propose to use multi-view clustering to analyse web items or users from different views such as user ratings and user comments so that it discovers deeper similarity and relevance. At the same time, features from multiple views can be used to complement the user views or item views where the features are deficient, which declines the problem of data sparsity drastically. In this way, we can analyse users' preference by their historical interaction features and supplementary behaviour features to give corresponding recommendation. Above all, the weak spots of the traditional model can be filled in and its performance can be improved. Extensive experiments on real world datasets show that our method outperforms the baselines remarkably.
A Generalized Approach to Verification Condition Generation

In a world where many human lives depend on the correct behavior of software systems, program verification assumes a crucial role. Many verification tools rely on an algorithm that generates verification conditions (VCs) from code annotated with properties to be checked. In this paper, we revisit two major methods that are widely used to produce VCs: predicate transformers (used mostly by deductive verification tools) and the conditional normal form transformation (used in bounded model checking of software). We identify three different aspects in which the methods differ (logical encoding of control flow, use of contexts, and semantics of asserts), and show that, since they are orthogonal, they can be freely combined. This results in six new hybrid verification condition generators (VCGens), which together with the fundamental methods constitute what we call the VCGen cube. We consider two optimizations implemented in major program verification tools and show that each of them can in fact be applied to an entire face of the cube, resulting in optimized versions of the six hybrid VCGens. Finally, we compare all VCGens empirically using a number of benchmarks. Although the results do not indicate absolute superiority of any given method, they do allow us to identify interesting patterns.
Insights Into the Sunlight-Driven Water Oxidation by Ce and Er-Doped ZrO2

In the present work, the activity of Ce and Er-doped ZrO2 nanopowders for sun-driven photocatalytic water oxidation has been investigated. ZrO2 powders with tunable amounts of tetragonal, monoclinic and cubic polymorphs have been synthesized by introducing Ce and Er (from 0.5 to 10 mol % on an oxide basis) through hydrothermal method. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of rare earth (RE) ions rich of electrons (Er3+) and with entirely empty levels (Ce4+) in the ZrO2 matrix for the sun-driven photocatalytic water oxidation reaction. The samples have been characterized by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometry (XPS) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). With respect to the bare ZrO2 mainly containing monoclinic (m-) phase, an increasing amount of rare-earth (RE) dopant was found to improve the specific BET surface area and to stabilize the tetragonal (t-) or cubic (c-) polymorphs of ZrO2 at room temperature. XRD data confirmed that dopants were mainly inserted in the t-ZrO2 phase. The photocatalytic O2 evolution from water under AM 1.5 G simulated sunlight illumination of the prepared samples have been correlated with their optical, structural and chemical properties. The effect of the dopant concentration on the chemical-physical and photocatalytic properties of the Er- and Ce-doped ZrO2 materials was elucidated. The samples with 5% of RE oxide were the most active, i.e., three times more than pure zirconia. Their superior photocatalytic activity was found to be mainly correlated to two factors: (i) an optimal surface concentration of RE ions of about 3.7%, which increased charge carriers separation in the photocatalysts surface due more superficial defects of the t-ZrO2 and a higher surface area, thus enhancing the reaction kinetics, (ii) a controlled amount of monoclinic vs. tetragonal (or cubic) polymorphs of zirconia with an optimum ratio of about 70/30 of t-ZrO2/m-ZrO2. Instead, the increased ability of the RE-doped ZrO2 to harvest visible light was found to have a secondary role on the photocatalytic activity of the Ce-doped ZrO2 material.
Class2Str: End to End Latent Hierarchy Learning

Deep neural networks for image classification typically consists of a convolutional feature extractor followed by a fully connected classifier network. The predicted and the ground truth labels are represented as one hot vectors. Such a representation assumes that all classes are equally dissimilar. However, classes have visual similarities and often form a hierarchy. Learning this latent hierarchy explicitly in the architecture could provide invaluable insights. We propose an alternate architecture to the classifier network called the Latent Hierarchy (LH) Classifier and an end to end learned Class2Str mapping which discovers a latent hierarchy of the classes. We show that for some of the best performing architectures on CIFAR and Imagenet datasets, the proposed replacement and training by LH classifier recovers the accuracy, with a fraction of the number of parameters in the classifier part. Compared to the previous work of HDCNN, which also learns a 2 level hierarchy, we are able to learn a hierarchy at an arbitrary number of levels as well as obtain an accuracy improvement on the Imagenet classification task over them. We also verify that many visually similar classes are grouped together, under the learnt hierarchy.
Distributed Fault Estimation Observer Design With Adjustable Parameters for a Class of Nonlinear Interconnected Systems

In this paper, a new distributed fault estimation observer with adjustable parameters is designed for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems. The presented fault estimator consists of proportional and integral terms to improve the accuracy of fault estimation. The observer gain matrices of the proposed fault estimation scheme for the underlying systems are calculated based on robust <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal {L}_{2}-\mathcal {L}_{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal {L}_{2}-\mathcal {L}_\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance. The proposed method achieves a lower performance level in the aspect of quantitative analysis compared with existing fault estimation approaches. A simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new design method.
Do Exercise Trials for Hypertension Adequately Report Interventions? A Reporting Quality Study

Abstract Non-pharmacological treatment, including exercise, is an important therapy option for patients with hypertension. The study assessed the reporting quality of exercise-based interventions included in the latest meta-analysis on that topic in order to evaluate the transferability of findings into clinical practice. Reporting quality of 24 randomised controlled trials from a meta-analysis assessing blood pressure lowering effects of endurance training in 1,195 hypertensive patients was evaluated using TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) and CERT (Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template) guidelines. Associations between reporting quality, publication year and impact factor of the publishing journals were examined. None of the studies described all intervention components completely. On average 61% (95%CI: 52-69) (TIDieR) and 57% (95%CI: 49-64) (CERT) of core items required for replication were reported. Frequent shortcomings were the reporting of adherence, intervention provider, and adverse events. Details about exercise dosage were missing in 22% (95%CI: 4-40). Publication year was related to the adherence to TIDieR (r=0.549, P=0.007) but not to CERT. No associations with journal impact factor were found. Reporting of exercise-based interventions for hypertension is not sufficient to allow for replication and limits translation of evidence into clinical practice. Researchers should apply, and review authors, journal editors and reviewers should check adherence to reporting guidelines.
PtpA, a secreted tyrosine phosphatase from Staphylococcus aureus, contributes to virulence and interacts with coronin-1A during infection

Secretion of bacterial signaling proteins and adaptation to the host, especially during infection, are processes that are often linked in pathogenic bacteria. The human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is equipped with a large arsenal of immune-modulating factors, allowing it to either subvert the host immune response or to create permissive niches for its survival. Recently, we showed that one of the low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases produced by S. aureus, PtpA, is secreted during growth. Here, we report that deletion of ptpA in S. aureus affects intramacrophage survival and infectivity. We also observed that PtpA is secreted during macrophage infection. Immunoprecipitation assays identified several host proteins as putative intracellular binding partners for PtpA, including coronin-1A, a cytoskeleton-associated protein that is implicated in a variety of cellular processes. Of note, we demonstrated that coronin-1A is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon S. aureus infection and that its phosphorylation profile is linked to PtpA expression. Our results confirm that PtpA has a critical role during infection as a bacterial effector protein that counteracts host defenses.
Micro‐computed tomographic evaluation of two single rotary glide path systems

AIM To compare (i) canal-centring ability and transportation of K-files, ProGlider and One-G files after glide path preparation in curved root canals; (ii) changes in canal volume after glide path preparation, using micro-computed tomography. METHODOLOGY A total of 135 mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were randomly divided into three glide path groups: (i) pre-curved sizes 10-15-20 K-files (n = 45); (ii) size 10 K-file followed by One-G (n = 45); and (iii) size 10 K-file followed by ProGlider (n = 45). Micro-CT was used to scan teeth before and after glide path preparation; the isotropic voxel size of the micro-CT scans was 22 μm. Centring ratio values and canal transportation values were compared between the three glide path preparation groups at the apical, midroot and coronal levels. Changes in canal volume were compared for all glide path groups. The results were analysed statistically using a one-way anova and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. RESULTS One-G and ProGlider displayed significantly greater mean centring ratio values than K-files at all levels examined (P < 0.05). Apical canal transportation values after glide path preparation were significantly higher for the K-files (P < 0.05). At the midroot and coronal levels, canal transportation results were statistically similar for all glide path groups (P > 0.05). Changes in canal volume were statistically similar for the three glide path groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION One-G and ProGlider were significantly more centred at the apical, midroot and coronal levels than K-files. Apical canal transportation ratio values after glide path enlargement were significantly higher for K-files than for One-G and ProGlider. All groups resulted in similar canal volume changes.
Is oxidative stress measured by thiol/disulphide homeostasis status associated with prostate adenocarcinoma?

Aim of the study We aim to examine the relation between thiol/disulphide homeostasis and transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) results and evaluate whether it was effective on the distinction of benign and malign prostate disease. Material and methods The study included 29 men histopathologically diagnosed as prostate adenocancer (Pca) (group 1), 30 men having benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) (group 2) and age match 30 healthy individuals in the control group (group 3). Thiol/disulphide homeostasis was measured using a novel automatic and spectrophotometric method. Results Among the three groups, a statistically significant difference was detected among native thiol, total thiol levels and disulphide/total thiol, disulphide/native thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratios which are thiol/disulphide homeostasis parameters apart from disulphide (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively). Additionally, no significant difference was detected in albumin and total protein levels among the groups (p = 0.223, p = 0.316 respectively). Serum native and total thiol levels were high and disulphide level was low in group 1 when compared to the group 2 (p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.265 respectively). In addition, serum native thiol, total thiol and disulphide levels were low in group 1 when compared to the group 3, but while low native and total thiol levels were significant, low disulphide levels were not found significant (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.331, respectively). Conclusions Thiol/disulphide homeostasis was found to be disturbed in Pca patients detected with TRUS-Bx. This is suggesting serum native thiol, total thiol level and ratios provides a novel biomarker for the role for oxidative stress in disease etiopathogenesis.
Approaches to carrier testing and results disclosure in translational genomics research: The clinical sequencing exploratory research consortium experience

Clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES) is primarily used to address specific clinical concerns by detecting risk of future disease, clarifying diagnosis, or directing treatment. Additionally, CGES makes possible the disclosure of autosomal recessive and X‐linked carrier results as additional secondary findings, and research about the impact of carrier results disclosure in this context is needed.
Emodin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Inhibiting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway in vitro and in vivo

Aims: Emodin is an anthraquinone with potential anti-inflammatory properties. However, the possible molecular mechanisms and protective effects of emodin are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms and protective effects of emodin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in the Raw264.7 cell line and in Balb/c mice. Methods: This study established an inflammatory cellular model and induced an ALI animal model. TLR4 was overexpressed by lentivirus and downregulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and downstream molecules were detected in cells and liver tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in supernatant and serum were determined by ELISA. The distribution and expression of mannose receptor C type 1 (CD206) and arginase 1 (ARG1) in the liver were tested by immunofluorescence. Mouse liver function and histopathological observations were assessed. Results: Administration of emodin reduced the protein and/or mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream molecules following LPS challenge in Raw264.7 cells and in an animal model. Additionally, emodin suppressed the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell culture supernatant and serum. The inhibitory effect of emodin was also confirmed in RAW264.7 cells, in which TLR4 was overexpressed or knocked down. Additionally, ARG1 and CD206 were elevated in the emodin groups. Emodin also decreased serum ALT and AST levels and alleviated the liver histopathological damage induced by LPS. Conclusion: Emodin showed excellent hepatoprotective effects against LPS-induced ALI, possibly by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathways.