Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspektiven für junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte in der Infektiologie

Zusammenfassung Die Infektiologie ist ein Querschnittsfach mit Verbindungen zu vielen medizinischen Disziplinen und bietet interessierten Ärztinnen und Ärzten eine Vielzahl von interessanten Betätigungsfeldern. Das Spektrum umfasst sowohl die ambulante und stationäre Patientenversorgung als auch grundlagenorientierte, klinische und epidemiologische Forschung. Der Bedarf an infektiologisch weitergebildeten Ärztinnen und Ärzten steigt, sodass die Berufsaussichten als sehr gut einzuschätzen sind. Die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie in der Infektiologie ist vergleichsweise günstig. Mit diesem Artikel wollen wir bei jungen Kolleginnen und Kollegen Interesse an diesem vielseitigen und spannenden Querschnittsbereich wecken und Berufsperspektiven aufzeigen. Daten aus einer Mitgliederbefragung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Infektiologie e. V. geben Einblicke, in welchen Bereichen und mit welchen Tätigkeitsschwerpunkten Infektiologen heute überwiegend tätig sind.
Parallelizing an interactive theorem prover: functional programming and proofs with acl2

Multi-core systems have become commonplace, however, theorem provers often do not take advantage of the additional computing resources in an interactive setting. This research explores automatically using these additional resources to lessen the delay between when users submit conjectures to the theorem prover and when they receive feedback from the prover that is useful in discovering how to successfully complete the proof of a particular theorem. This research contributes mechanisms that permit applicative programs to execute in parallel while simultaneously preparing these programs for verification by a semi-automatic reasoning system. It also contributes a parallel version of an automated theorem prover, with management of user interaction issues, such as output and how inherently single-threaded, user-level proof features can be configured for use with parallel computation. Finally, this dissertation investigates the types of proofs that are amenable to parallel execution. This investigation yields the result that almost all proof attempts that require a non-trivial amount of time can benefit from parallel execution. Proof attempts executed in parallel almost always provide the aforementioned feedback sooner than if they executed serially, and their execution time is often significantly reduced.
A virtual reality training system for power-utility personnel

The growing complexity and inherent risks associated with the operation of power transmission and distribution systems have caused personnel training to become a priority for a growing number of electricity utilities. Simulation-based training has the advantage of being safe for both personnel and equipment, while offering the trainee the opportunity to be exposed to a range of scenarios and to exceptional conditions which either occur rarely or are hazardous to reproduce. This paper presents a virtual reality training simulator prototype developed for a local power utility. The architecture and interaction metaphors of this distributed client-server oriented system are described.
The effects of paper-based DDL on the acquisition of lexico-grammatical patterns in L2 writing

Abstract This paper examines whether and to what extent data-driven learning (DDL) activities can improve the lexico-grammatical use of abstract nouns in L2 writing. A topic-based corpus was compiled to develop concordance learning activities, and 40 Chinese students majoring in English were randomly assigned to a control group or an experimental group. At the prewriting stage, both groups were given a list of five abstract nouns: the experimental group was provided with paper-based concordance lines to study the collocations of the words, while the control group was allowed to consult dictionaries for the usage of the words. The written texts of the pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test were analysed and compared between and within groups. The results showed that the written output by the experimental group, as compared with the control group, contained a higher variety of collocational and colligational patterns and had fewer linguistic errors in using the target abstract nouns. The post-experiment learning journals and questionnaires administered to the experimental group further confirmed that concordance activities encouraged usage-based learning, helped students notice the lexical collocations and prepositional colligations of the target words, and thus improved accuracy and complexity in their productive language. Despite these positive findings, potential problems of using concordance activities for independent learning were also reflected in the students’ written output and reported in the learning journals.
A Strategy for the Promotion of Health Literacy in Portugal, Centered around the Life-Course Approach: The Importance of Digital Tools

Applied to health, literacy enhances the capacity to make the decisions that are necessary for autonomous health management. With this position paper, we intend to defend the thesis that the conditions for creating a national strategy for health literacy in Portugal along the life course are strengthened by the modernization of the National Health Service (SNS). First, we conducted a scope review on health literacy, and then we collected data on the National Strategy for Health Literacy and the different actions around it. The Literacy Program in Health and Care Integration, aligned with the modernization program of the National Health Service “SNS + Proximidade,” has been developed based on a life course approach. On the other hand, the National Strategy for Health Literacy, in addition to encompassing different dimensions of health literacy, from the individual and community level to the health systems, also presents strategic opportunities for intervention in contexts associated with different determinants of health. The digital Health Literacy Library of the SNS Portal is the first tool to integrate this strategy, being a digital repository of resources to support the promotion of health literacy, accessible at all times. These resources include interactive digital health books and the “My Health Journal,” encouraging people to organize their health information and take control of their health throughout their lives. The strategy also includes plans to bring these resources to people in various everyday contexts, such as public libraries, schools, and day centers, enabling their activation. At the same time, the digital modernization of the SNS allows health information to be made available in the Citizen Area of the SNS Portal, for example, by facilitating each citizen’s access to their health information in a confidential way. The entire process of implementing the health literacy strategy is dynamic and aims to encourage all citizens to participate in its construction and evaluation, and consequently in its adaptation and continuous improvement.
A novel approach to controlled programming of tunnel-based floating-gate MOSFETs

This paper presents a new approach to obtain automatic and accurate control of the threshold voltage of floating-gate MOSFETs programmable by means of tunneling current. The proposed method avoids using a series of partial write/erase operations followed by measurements and adjustment steps, thus achieving a significant advantage in terms of programming time for the same accuracy. The simplicity of the proposed method and its inherent speed make it ideal in a wide range of possible applications. >
Rhomboid antigens are promising targets in the vaccine development against Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular parasite with worldwide distribution. It is estimated that near one-third of the people around the globe are latently seropositive for the parasite. Since the current common drugs are incapable in the elimination of parasites within tissue cysts, the development of an effective vaccine has high priority for researchers to limit the infection. During recent years, non-stop efforts of scientists have made great progress in the identification and development of T. gondii candidate vaccines. However, there is a lack of a commercially licensed vaccine for human application yet. Rhomboid proteases (ROMs) are a class of serine proteases that have an important role in the invasion of the parasites that can be considered as a new target for vaccine strategy. They also play critical roles in mitochondrial fusion and growth factor signaling, allowing the parasite to completely enter into the host cell. In the current review, we have summarized the recent progress regarding the development of ROM-based vaccines against acute and chronic T. gondii infection in animal models.
Heart failure with Normal and Reduced Ejection Fraction – Assessment and Shared Care Management

Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome resulting from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. HF may be caused by disease of the myocardium, pericardium, endocardium, heart valves, vessels, or by metabolic disorders. HF due to left ventricular dysfunction is categorized into HF with reduced ejection fraction (with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) ≤50 percent, known as HFrEF; also referred to as systolic HF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (with LVEF >50 percent; known as HFpEF; also referred to as diastolic HF.1 A reduced LVEF in systolic heart failure is a powerful predictor of mortality. As many as 40 -50 percent of patients with heart failure have diastolic heart failure with preserved left ventricular function. Overall, there is no difference in survival between diastolic and systolic heart failure that cannot be attributed to ejection fraction. Patients with diastolic heart failure are more likely to be women, to be older, and to have hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy, but no history of coronary artery disease.2,3 The pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction involves abnormalities of active ventricular relaxation and passive ventricular compliance, which lead to ventricular stiffness and higher diastolic pressures. These pressures are transmitted through atrial and pulmonary venous systems, reducing lung compliance. A combination of decreased lung compliance and cardiac output leads to symptoms.2
Metamorphosis of the Hawaiian Stream Goby Sicyopterus Stimpsoni: A Structural, Functional, and Behavioral Analysis.

The endemic goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni is unique among five species of Hawaiian freshwater fishes because it undergoes rapid metamorphosis of cranial structures during postlarval development These fishes are amphidromous and return after a prolonged stay in the ocean to streams where they are confined to estuaries until completion of cranial restructuring. Within 48 hours after entering fresh water, head width increases significantly, while total length and head length remains unchanged. Weight decreases by approximately 15% during this period. The upper lip enlarges greatly, and the mouth position shifts from terminal to nearly ventral. Shape analysis of radiographs taken from a sequence of fish preserved at two-hour intervals after entering fresh water revealed drastic reallocation of the premaxilla-maxilla complex and dentary. The cranium and most dorsal and caudal structures of the skull remained unchanged. Microscopic observations showed development of a buccal velum, a ridge on the lower lip, and a greatly enlarged upper lip during metamorphosis. In the second half of metamorphosis, tooth buds develop, and a gland in the upper lip becomes prominent After completion of metamorphosis, Sicyopterus stimpsoni is able to climb waterfalls by alternating use of the pelvic sucking-disk and mouth, with which it also is able to scrape diatoms from rock surfaces by rapid rostrocaudal movement of the upper-jaw complex. Anatomical analysis of adult fish suggested a four-bar-linkage model for feeding and climbing; it consists of the (1) cranium, (2)a. hyomandibular-quadrate-triangle, b. lower jaw complex, (3) upper jaw complex, and (4) palatine-ectopterygoid axis. The premaxilla-ethmoidal ligament and interopercular-articular ligament provide elasticity to the model. Non-linear, highly dynamic cranial development with extensive reallocation of cranial function has not been described previously for fishes, and the analysis provides a unique example for the theory of terminal addition during ontogeny of an organism. A relatively small change in structure at the end of larval development has
Assessing aneuploidy with repetitive element sequencing

Significance Reliably detecting the presence of aneuploidy in clinical samples has implications for a broad range of diagnostic applications, including noninvasive prenatal testing, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the evaluation of congenital abnormalities, and cancer diagnostics. Next generation sequencing protocols, such as whole-genome sequencing, are typically used to detect aneuploidy, but amplicon-based protocols achieve high coverage depth at relatively low cost and can be used when only tiny amounts of DNA are available. In this paper, we describe a simple PCR-based approach to detect the presence of aneuploidy in liquid biopsies, even when only small amounts of blood are available for assay. This approach detected cancers in 49% of 883 nonmetastatic patients with cancer but in less than 1% of 812 healthy controls. We report a sensitive PCR-based assay called Repetitive Element AneupLoidy Sequencing System (RealSeqS) that can detect aneuploidy in samples containing as little as 3 pg of DNA. Using a single primer pair, we amplified ∼350,000 amplicons distributed throughout the genome. Aneuploidy was detected in 49% of liquid biopsies from a total of 883 nonmetastatic, clinically detected cancers of the colorectum, esophagus, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, breast, or stomach. Combining aneuploidy with somatic mutation detection and eight standard protein biomarkers yielded a median sensitivity of 80% in these eight cancer types, while only 1% of 812 healthy controls scored positive.
Quantum communication on closed time-like curves: A Protocol for exchanging, protecting and storing qubit states

We describe a weaker consistency condition for qubits on closed time-like curves (CTCs) and define a new quantity we call a ctcbit that provides a means for quantifying a qubit on CTC as a shared resource. We describe a simple protocol for the sharing of information that is similar to quantum teleportation but does not require an entangled particle pair or ebit. The nature of CTCs also serves as a way to protect a qubit state. While there is the appearance that the given resource is free, we employ a non-Hausdorff topology to prevent any limitless information exchanges. While the reality of CTCs is highly speculative, the present paper provides a manner by which quantum informational methods may be employed to study such problems and may ultimately prove useful in studying quantum gravity.
Trace analysis of quercetin in tea samples by HPLC-DAD system by means of a new nanocomposite including magnetic core-shell

ABSTRACT A new magnetic core-shell multiwalled carbon nanotube@nanodiamond nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized and used as magnetic solid-phase extraction material. The usability of material was checked on the separation and pre-concentration of quercetin in tea samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector system. There was a linear relationship between chromatographic area and concentration of quercetin in the range of 5.0–600 ng mL−1. The limit of detection and quantification limits were 1.46 and 4.91 ng mL−1, respectively. The developed method has been applied to determine quercetin at trace levels in tea samples.
A Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative White Matter Methods in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

A Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative White Matter Methods in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Kacie LaRae Wright Department of Psychology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess white matter (WM) abnormalities including total WM volumes and WM hyperintensities (WMHs). Comparisons between several qualitative and quantitative methods to assess WM that are used in research and clinical settings are lacking in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study 1) WM methods including Scheltens ratings, manual tracings, NeuroQuant®, and FreeSurfer; (2) compared total WM volumes and WMHs to assess potentially similar reporting of WM integrity; and (3) assessed the relationship between cognitive functions (intelligence, attention, processing speed, and language) and WM in pediatric TBI. Sixty participants (65% male) between ages 8-13 years old, had a complicated-mild (53%), moderate (15%), or severe TBI (32%) with a mean age of 2.6 at the time of injury. NeuroQuant® WMH volumes had poor agreement (ICC = .24), and did not correlate (r = .12, p = .21) with manually traced WMH volumes. Scheltens WMH ratings had good to excellent agreement and correlated with NeuroQuant® (ICC = .62; r = .29, p = .005) and manually traced WMH volumes (ICC = .82; r = .50, p = .000). NeuroQuant® and FreeSurfer total WM volumes had fair agreement and were correlated (ICC = .52; r = .38, p = .004). No significant difference in total WM volumes were found between complicated-mild and moderate-severe TBI groups, and in subgroups with and without WMHs. Processing speed was significantly associated with Scheltens WMH ratings: p = . 004, manually traced WMHs: p = . 002, and NeuroQuant® WMHs: p = . 007. No other association between cognitive functions and WM volumes or hyperintensities were found. Correlations between NeuroQuant® and manual tracings with processing speed differed by sex, where males had significant correlations but females did not. Deciding when to use manual tracing and NeuroQuant® WMH volumes and Scheltens ratings in clinical or research settings will depend on available resources (e.g., time, technology, funding, and expertise) and purpose of assessing WMHs. Total WM volumes did not appear to capture WM pathology as assessed by WMHs, likely due to the sample being underpowered and that total WM volumes possibly included WMHs. Limitations include restricted range of injury severity, heterogeneity of lesions, and small sample size. Additional research is needed in a larger sample of pediatric TBI.
FROM TPACK-IN-ACTION WORKSHOPS TO CLASSROOMS: CALL COMPETENCY DEVELOPED AND INTEGRATED

Shu-Ju Diana Tai, Iowa State University This study investigated the impact of a CALL teacher education workshop guided by the TPACK-in-Action model (Tai, 2013). This model is framed within Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK, Mishra & Koehler, 2006) and advocates a learning-by-doing approach (Chapelle & Hegelheimer, 2004) to understand how English teachers develop CALL competency and adopt the competency in their teaching. Participants were 24 elementary English teachers in Taiwan. The study used a mixed methods design (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007), collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data concurrently but separately before they were triangulated. Findings show that the TPACK-in-Action workshops had a positive impact on the 24 teachers. In addition to the development of CALL competency, it was also observed that participants demonstrated CALL competency in their teaching, such as selecting online materials and appropriate technology for content teaching, using cloud computing for student interaction, and matching the affordances of technology to meet their instructional goals and pedagogy. In sum, the study provides empirical evidence and a new perspective in the investigation of CALL teacher education. The theoretical and pedagogical implications for CALL teacher education research and practice are discussed.
Quelles machines pour enseigner la langue

This paper first presents a history of Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL), setting its origins in the 1920s with the invention of mechanical learning machines. The use of the computer then allowed the development of different types of language learning activities: comprehension tasks, simulations, etc. However, without the contribution of natural language processing (NLP), these activities are of limited use. We address the problem of the integration of NLP in CALL systems while summing up the challenges this integration has to overcome today and synthesize the workshop presentations. These presentations deal with a range of issues from error detection and correction to the extension of electronic dictionaries through the implementation of comprehensive language learning tools. We will see that the key to the integration of NLP in CALL is in the pluridisciplinary work between didacticians, IT and NLP specialists.
A Study of Detecting Outliers in Time Series Using Simulation

In this paper, simulations for detecting outliers and studying their effects on the values of AR(1) time series, transfer function model with one-input variable, transfer function model with two-input variables processes, and simultaneous transfer function (STF) are conducted using the STFMODEL JOINTMDL paragraph in the Scientific Computing Associate Corporation (SCA) program. A simulation of a transfer function model is conducted to check its validity. By using the SCA program, Victor Gomez and Agustin Maravall's example for detecting outliers in time series by TRAMO program is pursued. The conclusion, which we come up with, is that the presence of outliers, depending on their nature, may have a moderate to substantial impact on the effectiveness of the standard methodology for time series analysis with respect to model identification, estimation, and forecasting.
Multiple bad data processing by genetic algorithms

The identification of multiple bad data, especially when mutually interacting, may be difficult to handle, since the well known procedures based on the normalized or weighted residuals may become faulty. The identification problem is formulated here as that of picking bad data from a set of suspect measurements in order to fulfill the requirements of maintaining observability and eliminating the minimum number of measurements. Three non-deterministic solution procedures based on the use of genetic algorithms are proposed. Aiming at reducing the computation burden, the possible advantage deriving from working with small populations has been investigated by implementing a micro-genetic approach and an evolution strategy in which a single individual population is employed. Numerical efficiency is improved by reducing the number of state re-estimations; a database of already computed cases is used and a filtering mechanism has been designed to skip non promising solutions. Tests are carried out with reference to the IEEE standard test systems.