Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endonuclease FEN1 Coregulates ERα Activity and Provides a Novel Drug Interface in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer

These findings show that pharmacologic inhibition of FEN1, which is predictive of outcome in tamoxifen-treated patients, effectively blocks ERα function and inhibits proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant tumor cells. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a key transcriptional regulator in the majority of breast cancers. ERα-positive patients are frequently treated with tamoxifen, but resistance is common. In this study, we refined a previously identified 111-gene outcome prediction-classifier, revealing FEN1 as the strongest determining factor in ERα-positive patient prognostication. FEN1 levels were predictive of outcome in tamoxifen-treated patients, and FEN1 played a causal role in ERα-driven cell growth. FEN1 impacted the transcriptional activity of ERα by facilitating coactivator recruitment to the ERα transcriptional complex. FEN1 blockade induced proteasome-mediated degradation of activated ERα, resulting in loss of ERα-driven gene expression and eradicated tumor cell proliferation. Finally, a high-throughput 465,195 compound screen identified a novel FEN1 inhibitor, which effectively blocked ERα function and inhibited proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant cell lines as well as ex vivo–cultured ERα-positive breast tumors. Collectively, these results provide therapeutic proof of principle for FEN1 blockade in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Significance: These findings show that pharmacologic inhibition of FEN1, which is predictive of outcome in tamoxifen-treated patients, effectively blocks ERα function and inhibits proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant tumor cells.
New Systematic Therapies and Trends in Cutaneous Melanoma Deaths Among US Whites, 1986-2016.

Objectives. To determine the effect of new therapies and trends toward reduced mortality rates of melanoma.Methods. We reviewed melanoma incidence and mortality among Whites (the group most affected by melanoma) in 9 US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry areas that recorded data between 1986 and 2016.Results. From 1986 to 2013, overall mortality rates increased by 7.5%. Beginning in 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 10 new treatments for metastatic melanoma. From 2013 to 2016, overall mortality decreased by 17.9% (annual percent change [APC] = -6.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -8.7%, -3.7%) with sharp declines among men aged 50 years or older (APC = -8.3%; 95% CI = -12.2%, -4.1%) starting in 2014. This recent, multiyear decline is the largest and most sustained improvement in melanoma mortality ever observed and is unprecedented in cancer medicine.Conclusions. The introduction of new therapies for metastatic melanoma was associated with a significant reduction in population-level mortality. Future research should focus on developing even more effective treatments, identifying biomarkers to select patients most likely to benefit, and renewing emphasis on public health approaches to reduce the number of patients with advanced disease. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 19, 2020: e1-e3. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305567).
Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with cervical cancer

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in patients with early-stage cervical cancer (CC). In addition, the present study compared the positive rate of SLNs metastasis detected by routine pathological examination, and investigated the value of HPV-DNA in the detection of early CC lymph node micrometastasis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used in order to evaluate the HPV DNA detection in all CC samples [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA2-IIA2]. The consistency of HPV-DNA was compared between primary lesions and SLNs. The positive rates of HPV-DNA were compared with pathological diagnosis of SLN metastasis, and the association between the positive expression of HPV-DNA in SLNs and the clinical and pathological parameters of patients with cervical cancer were analyzed. A total of 345 sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 100 patients with IA2-IIA2 CC. The positive rates of RT-qPCR and conventional histopathological detection of SLNs metastasis were 31.6% (109/345) and 12.8% (44/345), respectively (P<0.001). The positive expression of HPV-DNA in SLNs was associated with the clinical stage and tumor diameter (P<0.05), but not with patients' age, depth of cervical invasion, histological grade, lymphatic and vascular space invasion (LVSI), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) (P>0.05). The detection of HPV-DNA expression in pelvic lymph nodes of early CC may be used to improve the detection rate of micrometastasis, guide the postoperative adjuvant therapy more accurately and improve prognosis. Patients with positive HPV-DNA would require closer surveillance than those with negative HPV-DNA.
Does exposure to anatomy education in medical school affect surgical residency applications? An analysis of Canadian residency match data

Background The time dedicated to teaching gross anatomy, including cadaveric dissection, has been decreasing in North American medical schools. The impact of this trend on surgical residency applications is unknown. We sought to identify trends in surgical residency applications in Canada and to determine if medical schools with more gross anatomy instruction and mandatory cadaveric dissection produced more applicants ranking surgical residency programs as their first choice. Methods Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) data from 1997 to 2016 were analyzed. A questionnaire was distributed to Canadian medical schools requesting current and historic information on their anatomy curricula and the number of hours of anatomy instruction. Results The survey response rate was 35% (6 of the 17 Canadian medical schools responded); partial data were available for 16 (94%) of the 17 Canadian medical schools. A total of 4.3% of graduating students ranked general surgery as their first choice in the CaRMS match and 17.2% ranked any surgical program first. Over time, the percentage of graduating students who ranked surgical programs as their first choice decreased (p < 0.001). Three schools were significantly more likely than the others to produce graduates ranking general surgery as their first choice. Between 2012 and 2016 the percentage of graduating students ranking surgical programs first was significantly higher (2.2%, p = 0.024) in schools with mandatory cadaver dissection. There was no correlation between the number of hours of gross anatomy instruction and the percentage of graduates ranking any surgical program or a general surgical program first. Conclusion The number of applications to surgical programs has decreased in Canada over the past 20 years. Certain schools are more likely than others to produce graduates ranking general surgery as their first choice. Programs with mandatory cadaver dissection produced more graduates favouring surgical programs.
The prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in medical outpatients: results of a survey among Italian General Practitioners

Background: Although the majority of venous thromboembolic events occurs in primary care, most of the studies concerning its prophylaxis investigate hospitalized patients. Therefore, in primary care, many clinical decisions have to be taken in the absence of great clinical evidence derived from studies performed directly on outpatients. The objective of our study is to evaluate the clinical approach of Italian General Practitioners to the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in medical outpatients. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was emailed to 766 Italian General Practitioners. In the questionnaire there were four exemplary clinical cases concerning hypothetical patients at venous thromboembolic risk. Results: Overall 232 questionnaires were returned. Approximately 40% of the participants reported to assess thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk with a risk assessment model but nevertheless only a narrow minority had recourse to a suitable and validated score for this purpose. In the chronically bedridden patient about half of the participants administered a heparin or an antiplatelet drug for long time. In acute outpatients at high venous thromboembolic risk there was a considerable underuse of heparin prophylaxis and graduated compression stockings were often considered as a first prophylactic option. Prolonged heparin prophylaxis in the post-acute setting was also the practice for half of the participants. Conclusions: Italian General Practitioners approach these “grey” areas of uncertainty in a significantly heterogeneous way and sometimes in sharp contrast to the recent evidence. The present findings stress the need for further targeted educational programs and new high quality studies to further deep this clinical context. (www.actabiomedica.it)
A novel method for camera calibration and image alignment of a thermal/visible image fusion system

This paper presents a novel method for camera calibration and image alignment of an image fusion system that consists of a thermal and a color camera. The calibration board that consists of a heated metal and an acrylic plate with asymmetric circle grid pattern was developed. The board was used to calibrate intrinsic parameters of the thermal camera and also used to find the homography to align images of the two cameras. The aligned images have been fine adjusted for their misalignment due to difference in projection centers by region of interest (ROI) setting. The visible camera was calibrated separately by using a typical calibration board with an asymmetric circle grid printed paper. The evaluation was performed in two scenarios. The first one is an indoor static scene. And the second one is an outdoor dynamic scene that is a vehicle tracking application by using CAMShift algorithm. The results validate the proposed method with high accuracy.
Wireless body area networks: a comprehensive survey

Abstract Current progress in technology, especially wireless body area network (WBAN) became one of the enabling technologies that provide many successful applications in non-medical or medical field. WBAN is a communication standard optimised for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body, to monitor the human health issues and route the physical or vital data from biosensors nodes to the server for further analysis. The challenge of WBAN is that the energy of the biosensors is limited by the battery life and many routing protocols have been designed specifically for relaying collected data to a base station for additional processing, it might differ depending on the network architecture. This paper based on the recent publications provides a WBAN survey.
Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Caffeine and Suicide Attempts: Findings From a Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study

In this study, the association between students’ substance use and suicide attempts in the past 1 year was examined using secondary data from the 13th Korea Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Participants were 7th- to 12th-grade students and 50.9% were male. A binominal logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between past experience of substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine) and suicide attempts after controlling for sociodemographic and psychological factors. Compared with no use, daily use of alcohol (odds ratio [OR] = 8.00), caffeine (OR = 2.13), and tobacco (OR = 1.41) was associated with increased odds of suicide attempts. These results indicate that school-based suicide prevention programs should cover awareness, surveillance, and treatment referral for these 3 substances. Moreover, mental health professionals should monitor intake of these substances when evaluating risk of suicide attempts in youth.
Impact of data augmentation techniques on a deep learning based medical imaging task

For any deep learning (DL) based task, model generalization and prediction performance improve as a function of training data set size and variety. However, its application to medical imaging is still challenging because of the limited availability of high-quality and sufficiently diverse annotated data. Data augmentation techniques can improve the model performance when the available dataset size is limited. Anatomy region localization from medical images can be automated with deep learning and is important for tasks such as organ segmentation and lesion detection. Different data augmentation methods were compared for DL based anatomy region localization with computed tomography images. The impact of different neural network architectures was also explored. The prediction accuracy on an independent test set improved from 88% to 97% with optimal selection of data augmentation and architecture while using the same training dataset. Data augmentation steps such as zoom, translation and flips had incremental effect on classifier performance whereas samplewise mean shift appeared to degrade the classifier performance. Global average pooling improved classifier accuracy compared to fully-connected layer when limited data augmentation was used. All model architectures converged to an optimal performance with the right combination of augmentation steps. Prediction inaccuracies were mostly observed in the boundary regions between anatomies. The networks also successfully localized anatomy for Positron Emission Tomography studies reaching an accuracy of up to 97%. Similar impact of data augmentation and pooling layer was also observed.
Predictive modelling of the distribution of Clematis sect. Fruticella s. str. under climate change reveals a range expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum

Background The knowledge of distributional dynamics of living organisms is a prerequisite for protecting biodiversity and for the sustainable use of biotic resources. Clematis sect. Fruticella s. str. is a small group of shrubby, yellow-flowered species distributed mainly in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Plants in this section are both horticulturally and ecologically important. Methods Using past, present, and future environmental variables and data with Maximum Entropy (Maxent) modeling, we evaluated the importance of the environmental variables on the section’s estimated distributions, thus simulating its distributional dynamics over time. The contractions and expansions of suitable habitat between the past and future scenarios and the present were then compared. Results and Discussion The models revealed that the areas with high and moderate suitability currently encompass about 725,110 km2. The distribution centroid location varies between points in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia during the different scenarios. Elevation, Mean UV-B of Lowest Month, Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, and Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter were major factors determining the section’s distribution. Our modeling indicated that Clematis sect. Fruticella underwent a significant range contraction during the last interglacial period, and then expanded during the last glacial maximum (LGM) to amounts like those of the present. Cold, dry, and relatively stable climate, as well as steppe or desert steppe environments may have facilitated range expansion of this cold-adapted, drought-resistant plant taxon during the LGM. Predicted future scenarios show little change in the amounts of suitable habitat for Clematis sect. Fruticella. This study aids understanding of the distributional dynamics of Clematis sect. Fruticella, and the results will help the conservation and sustainable use of these important woody plants in Chinese arid and semiarid areas.
Prévalence de la fragilité et de la perte de mobilité dans une zone rurale en France Prevalence of frailty and loss of mobility in a rural area in France

Background: The prevalence of frailty is variable according to the adopted operational definition, the tested population, and the setting where it is explored. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and mobility disability in community-dwelling persons aged 60 years and older. Design: Cross-sectional analyses. Setting: The rural area of Labastide-Murat (France). Participants: All community-dwelling persons aged 60 years and older living in the area and answering to the study survey (n=572/1022). Measurements: The study questionnaire included questions defining mobility disability (as ability to walk 400 meters and climb up 2 flights of stairs) and frailty (according to the FRAIL instrument and a modified version of the original definition proposed by Fried and colleagues). Results: Mean age of participants was 72.4 years old. Mobility disability was reported by 47 (8.3%) participants. The sedentariness criterion of frailty was the most prevalent in the present population. Overall, according to the FRAIL instrument, 77.6%, 14.0%, and 8.3% could be defined as robust, pre-frail/frail, and disabled, respectively. When the alternative definition of frailty mirroring the definition proposed in the Cardiovascular Health Study was adopted, the prevalence of frailty increased and showed gender-specific differences (p=0.02). Conclusions: A relevant number of older persons living in rural areas experiences physical impairments and presents an increased risk for major negative health-related events. These results may support the ongoing clinical and research actions aimed at preventing the functional decline in elders. M. Cesari (*) · L. Demougeot · H. Boccalon · B. Vellas Institut du vieillissement, universite de Toulouse, 37, allees Jules Guesde, F-31000 Toulouse, France e-mail : macesari@gmail.com Gerontopole, centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France INSERM Unit 1027, Toulouse, France Co-edition avec L’Annee gerontologique (2012) 1 Cet article est la traduction francaise d’un article anglais publie conjointement dans le Journal of Frailty & Aging (http://www. jfrailtyaging.com). Cah. Annee Gerontol. (2012) 4:289-294 DOI 10.1007/s12612-012-0307-5
Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia

Clinical judgment is necessary for clinical decision making and enhancing it in Nursing students improves health care quality. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of Iranian nursing students and teachers about influencing factors of clinical judgment.We conducted a qualitative study using a directed content analysis approach. In this study, purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were applied with 17 participants (including 7 nursing students, 6 faculty member teachers and 4 clinical instructors) from Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The influencing factors of clinical judgment in nursing students consisted of 5 main categories including thoughtful behavior, professional ethics, use of evidence-based care, the context of learning environment and Individual and professional features of clinical teachers. This investigation showed that clinical judgment is a multidimensional concept that is shaped by various factors. Relying on the results of this research, teachers can create an appropriate educational condition and a safe psychological atmosphere, use instructional strategies strengthening deep thought processes, applying professional ethics and scientific evidence and principles to establish clinical judgment in nursing students.
A Retrospective on eIF2A—and Not the Alpha Subunit of eIF2

Initiation of protein synthesis in eukaryotes is a complex process requiring more than 12 different initiation factors, comprising over 30 polypeptide chains. The functions of many of these factors have been established in great detail; however, the precise role of some of them and their mechanism of action is still not well understood. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2A (eIF2A) is a single chain 65 kDa protein that was initially believed to serve as the functional homologue of prokaryotic IF2, since eIF2A and IF2 catalyze biochemically similar reactions, i.e., they stimulate initiator Met-tRNAi binding to the small ribosomal subunit. However, subsequent identification of a heterotrimeric 126 kDa factor, eIF2 (α,β,γ) showed that this factor, and not eIF2A, was primarily responsible for the binding of Met-tRNAi to 40S subunit in eukaryotes. It was found however, that eIF2A can promote recruitment of Met-tRNAi to 40S/mRNA complexes under conditions of inhibition of eIF2 activity (eIF2α-phosphorylation), or its absence. eIF2A does not function in major steps in the initiation process, but is suggested to act at some minor/alternative initiation events such as re-initiation, internal initiation, or non-AUG initiation, important for translational control of specific mRNAs. This review summarizes our current understanding of the eIF2A structure and function.
The opinions of patients and patients relatives on announcement of the cancer diagnosis to the patient

Goal: Nowadays we face with hundred thousand cancer diseases within a year. It is a disease which mortality is still high. Due to the reason that this disease is fatal, the relatives of the patient prefer not to tell him/her about the disease. Although medical ethics requires that the patient should be aware of the disease and pulls together. We set up a goal as a result of our research to throw light on this subject which is still disputable. Technique: The research has been made at Kocatepe University Health Research Application hospital at the chemotherapy unit and at other departments with patients with cancer. Within the frameworks of this research made between 2006 and 2007 sample group consisted of 50 patients and 50 relatives who knew about the diagnosis. The questionnaire form for the patients consisted of 31 questions and 25 for the patients relatives. Face to face meeting technique has been used. The evaluation of the data has been made by SPSS statistics program. For the evaluation of the collected data percentage test and chi square test have been used. Statistical significance was defined with p<0,05. Findings: There were 40% women and 60% men out of 50 patients, 42% women and 58% men out of 50 patient relatives who accepted to take part in the research. The majority of the patients who wanted to know their diagnosis during our research was between 46 and 55 years old and those who did not want to be aware of it were older than 56 years old. The results of the interrogation among the patients who took part in the research are as ollows: 64 % wanted to know their diagnosis against 72% a ong the atient’s relatives. Result: To make it easy to say a patient about his /her death and fatal diagnosis the presence of the psychiatrist at the medical services was recommended as well as arranging of meetings on the discussions of the problems of the patients and on duty training programs devoted to the individual needs. Keywords: the cancer, the patient, the patient relatives, the interview.