Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Killing but not Clearance of Systemically Circulating Bacteria is Dependent Upon Peripheral Leukocytes Via MAC-1 (CD11B/CD18)

The hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES) is the primary mechanism for removing circulating bacteria from the systemic circulation. While Kupffer cells are important for this process, leukocytes appear to play a significant role as well. Hepatic leukocyte accumulation following ischemia/reperfusion or cytokine stimulation is well documented, but its contribution to phagocytic killing by the hepatic RES is not fully understood. We evaluated the role of leukocytes in general, and leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in particular, in hepatic RES function. This was done by inducing confirmed leukopenia with cyclophosphamide or by blocking leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules with specific blocking antibodies. Hepatic phagocytic clearance (HPC) and hepatic phagocytic killing (HKE) of systemically intravenously injected E. coli were assayed and quantitated by a validated dual isotope label technique. HPC among the various experimental groups and respective controls varied only slightly, with no statistically significant differences observed. Leukopenia or CD11b blockade each significantly decreased the HKE relative to the controls. Antibody blockade of certain other adhesion molecules had no significant effect on HKE (or HPC). The role of leukocytes in killing systemically circulating bacteria is an integral component of hepatic RES function. This capability of the leukocyte appears to be dependent, in part, on the adhesion molecule, Mac-1.
Effects of food restriction or delayed photostimulation on ovarian follicle number, plasma oestradiol concentration and vaginal collagen content in male-line turkeys

1. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that severe food restriction throughout the onset of lay or delaying photostimulation by 5 weeks would decrease the number of ovarian hierarchical follicles in male-line turkeys. It was proposed that a decrease in the number of hierarchical follicles would lower plasma oestradiol concentration and be associated with higher vaginal collagen content and a lower propensity to prolapse of the oviduct. 2. Five weeks after photostimulation, neither restriction to 63% of ad libitum body weight nor delayed onset of photostimulation had any significant effect on follicle number, plasma oestradiol concentration or vaginal collagen content. 3. It was concluded that neither food restriction nor delayed photostimulation can be used to control the over-development of the ovarian hierarchy in male-line turkeys.
Monoclonal antibody-based therapies for hematologic malignancies.

PURPOSE To review recent advances in the development and clinical roles of monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-based therapies in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. DESIGN A search of MEDLINE and CANCERLIT was conducted to identify relevant publications. The bibliographies of these references also were used to identify articles and abstracts. These references were then reviewed. RESULTS In the two decades since the first patient was treated with MoAb therapy, there have been significant advances in the biology, pharmacology, and clinical application of MoAb-based therapies. Three distinct fields of research have emerged: unconjugated MoAbs, immunotoxin-conjugated MoAbs (ITs), and radionuclide-conjugated MoAbs (RICs). The unconjugated MoAbs are less toxic but depend on host mechanisms to mediate cytotoxicity. The ITs carry a potent toxin, although at the cost of a narrow therapeutic index that may limit clinical use. The RICs offer significant potency, even in refractory disease, but their complexity may limit their use to large cancer centers. The current challenges in the development of MoAb-based therapies are to identify the proper target antigens, contend with bulk disease in which penetration may be limited, and choose the optimal clinical settings for their use, such as the minimal residual disease state or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Although significant research is still needed, MoAb-based therapies promise to offer new options for the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies.
Orthogonal sparsity preserving projections for feature extraction

Sparse representation has been extensively studied in the signal processing community, which surprisingly pointed out that one target signal can be accurately represented as a linear combination of very few measurement signals, often called atoms, in a given dictionary. This discovery has soon been employed to the field of pattern recognition and more recently, given rise to a newly developed unsupervised feature extraction method named sparsity preserving projections (SPP), which aims at seeking a linear embedded space where the sparse reconstructive relations among the data in the dictionary can be preserved. However, SPP is non-orthogonal and still has some space for improvement. Specially, by taking into consideration the preservation of some neat property of a dictionary, this paper presents an orthogonal sparsity preserving projections (OSPP). OSPP iteratively calculate a projective vector which can preserve the sparse reconstructive relations as SPP dose, and at the same enforcing it to be orthogonal to all previously obtained vectors. Empirical study shows that OSPP has more powerful sparsity preserving ability than SPP and hence is expected to have better classification performance, since sparsity is potentially related to discrimination. Experiments on the public Yale face databases validate the effectiveness of OSPP, as compared with several representative unsupervised feature extraction methods.
Growing Burden of Stroke in Pakistan: A Review of Progress and Limitations

Stroke rates in middle-aged people are five to ten times higher in Pakistan, India, Russia, China, and Brazil, compared with the United Kingdom or United States. South Asia is home to 20% of the world's population and has one of the highest burdens of cardiovascular disease in the world. With an aging population, there is an expected increase in the number of stroke cases and a corresponding increase in the burden of stroke in developing countries including South Asian countries like Pakistan. Limited data from prior studies in developing countries indicate that stroke epidemiology differs between these and Western countries. These differences include a higher incidence of stroke at younger ages, a higher prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke, and higher age-specific prevalence rates of stroke in women. The reasons for these differences in stroke epidemiology in developing countries are not clear. This may be explained by higher prevalence of established stroke risk factors, or potential nontraditional risk factors such as water pipe smoking, use of daldaghee or naswaar, and paan chewing; hepatitis and rheumatic heart disease may also contribute to these differences. Acute and long-term stroke treatment has shown limited progress in Pakistan like other developing countries because of poor awareness of patients and general physician on stroke symptomatology, management of stroke risk factors, lack of specialized stroke units in the country, very low utilization of thrombolytic therapy because of financial constraints and, above all, poor knowledge of physicians on the role of rehabilitation and its different aspects in the management of post stroke disability.
A passive sensor for position and attitude estimation using an interferometric target

In this paper, we describe a new sensor technology aimed at better identifying the relative motion of two vehicles (eg the motion of a car from another car, or that of a ship from an helicopter etc.) or in general two objects of large or small sizes. The system described in this paper consists of an optical setup aimed at generating interference fringes made visible to one vehicle by the other vehicle (or, in general, to one object by the other object). The setup consists, on the one hand, of a flat target that generates interference fringes by using superimposed gratings; on the other hand, it includes an image acquisition system, such as a digital camera. There is a very widely documented use of gratings and moire effects to obtain relevant information about object shape and position.
Definition of some basic terms in computer and information science

The impetus for the work described in this paper arose from observations reported in a letter to the Editor of this Journal (1). The sense of that letter was that those of us who have worked in the field now broadly called Computer and Information Science, have depended too long on the use of terms defined by example or through the vague specification of relationships (often weak) among entities. The term to which the author of the letter made specific reference (a term to which altogether too many interpretations are allied) was “thesaurus. ” The reader will find that the term “thesaurus” is not defined in this paper but, as will be seen, a number of more basic terms have been selected as the starting point for a project of defining terms which are important in communicating about computer and information science.
Chemically specific retinal ganglion cells collaterlize to the Pars ventralis of the lateral geniculate nucleus and optic tectum in the pigeon (Columba livia)

Abstract Immunohistochemical and retrograde tracing techniques were combined to study the retinal ganglion cells which project to the pars ventralis of the lateral geniculate nucleus (GLv) in the pigeon. Using two different fluorescent tracers, two histochemically-distinct populations of ganglion cells were found to project to both the GLv and the optic tectum. The first population of ganglion cells exhibited tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity and represented about 20% of all ganglion cells which were retrogradely labeled from the GLv. The second population of ganglion cells showed substance P-like immunoreactivity and represented about 13% of all ganglion cells projecting to the GLv. These results confirm earlier suggestions that the retinal axons projecting to the GLv also project elsewhere and demonstrate that heterogeneity of retinal ganglion cells transmitters is evident even within a single retino-recipient nucleus such as the GLv.
An application of predictive functional control with a state observer-type internal model

We demonstrate the application of predictive functional control to a real-life position-control problem of a mechatronic system using a state observer-based internal model (PFC-OBIM). In the literature, the control method has been shown to be effective in simulation. However, no experimental validation has been conducted so far. Hence, we conduct a few experimental tests using a single-axis table drive system, and show that the control method actually works well, even in the experiment. We also compare our results with those from a disturbance observer-based PFC (PFC-DOB).
Emergence and dissemination of a highly vancomycin-resistant vanA strain of Enterococcus faecium at a large teaching hospital

We prospectively identified patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital from whom vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were isolated from a clinical specimen from 1 January 1991 through 31 December 1995. VRE strains were available from 139 (82%) of the 169 patients with clinical cases. Of these, 39 (28%) were identical or closely related by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (i.e., VRE type A strain), including 38 (43%) of 89 VRE strains in 1995. By multivariate analysis, acquisition of the VRE type A strain was associated with receipt of clindamycin (odds ratio [OR] = 10.5), 15 or more days of hospitalization before the first isolation of VRE (OR = 2.9), and residence on one of the general medical floors (OR = 7.8). The VRE type A strain was a vanA strain of Enterococcus faecium and was highly resistant to all antimicrobial agents tested except chloramphenicol. These findings document the rapid dissemination of a highly resistant strain of E. faecium among patients and among other extant VRE strains at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1995.
Use of molecular fingerprinting to assist the understanding of the epidemiology of Salmonella contamination within broiler production

1. We analysed Salmonella isolates by conventional sero- and phage-typing, as well as by molecular techniques within the broiler production chain in two integrated companies. The most prevalent serovars were selected for genetic fingerprinting. 2. Isolates were first screened by plasmid profiling; subsequently, the most common plasmid types within the prevalent zoonotic serovars ( enteritidis and typhimurium ) and S. agama were further characterised by Pst I- Sph I ribotyping, and Xba I pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 3. Salmonella binza , S. kedougou , and S. 4,12:d:- were endemic in the feed mills over long periods of time, and a variety of plasmid types for each of the serovars were found in the premises. 4. A similar situation was found with S. binza and S. senftenberg within the hatchery in company B. The Salmonella serovars which were resident in those locations were also the ones most widely distributed throughout the broiler flocks. 5. Plasmid profiling was useful to subdivide clusters of isolates within serovars, but for each serovar a high percentage (36 to 79%) of the isolates tested fall within a prevalent plasmid type. 6. A more detailed genetic analysis of the isolates by a multiple typing approach allowed for further strain differentiation, and allowed some epidemiological conclusions to be drawn.
On Block roots of matrix polynomials based MIMO control system design

In this paper we are going to introduce a new control design algorithms based on the theory of matrix polynomials. The first procedure is called Block decoupling control which is based on the spectral factors of the denominator of the right matrix fraction description (RMFD), the advantages of this control are the non-interacted behavior, simplicity in control design and low order controller is obtained due to the cancellation property of the proposed algorithm. The second control is called MIMO PID controller design via the placement of Block roots with the help of Diophantine equation resolution, the later systematic procedure retains both regulation and tracking objectives with small gains and minimum error.
Colour term research of Hugo Magnus

In the second part of the 19th century, there was an international scientific controversy on the development, recognition and denomination of color terms, in which participated famous scholars like William E. Gladstone, Lazarus Geiger, Grant Allen, Ernst Krause or Charles Darwin. Among the proponents of the theory that human color perception had developed gradually during the evolution of the human species was the German ophthalmologist Hugo Magnus, who formulated crucial suggestions concerning the relationship between the human capacity of perceiving different colors and the existing color terms in the languages of the world. Revising his original point of view in further publications in consequence of the results of his ethnological inquiry, Magnus brought to light much information still relevant for current debates. Comparing some of his results like e.g. the evolutionary color term sequence to a modern scientific concept such as Berlin and Kay’s, there appear to be astonishing similarities, suggesting that the contributions of Hugo Magnus to the color-term discussion have unjustly fallen into oblivion.
Triazolyl Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes: a Class of Potent and Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists

Herein we report a detailed description of the structure–activity relationships for a novel series of “C‐linked” 1,2,4‐triazolylazabicyclo[3.1. 0]hexanes. These derivatives are endowed with very high in vitro affinity and selectivity for the dopamine D3 receptor. An optimization with respect to undesired affinity toward the hERG potassium channel is also reported. Members of this compound series also show excellent in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties.
Détection de rails, caractérisation de croisements et localisation de trains sur la trajectoire d'un métro automatique. (Rails detection, turnouts characterisation and trains localization in an automated metro's trajectory)

Cette these porte sur la fonction de detection d'obstacles dans le domaine ferroviaire a partir de la vision par ordinateur. Il s'agit d'assurer une perception de l'environnement situe a l'avant du train afin de detecter et d'evaluer les distances des obstacles situes sur la voie.Nous avons donc propose un module detection de rails a partir des images a niveaux de gris, pour determiner une zone libre d'obstacles a l'avant du train. Cette detection est basee dans l'algorithme de RANSAC et une estimation de la voie par un polynome de degre 2. Elle s'est montree robuste a notre base de donnees et a permis de detecter les rails a des distances superieures a la distance d'arret. Aussi, un algorithme d'etalonnage des cameras installees dans le train a ete propose a partir de la morphologie de la voie.Comme support de la reconnaissance de rails, nous presentons un module de detection et classification des appareils de voie base dans le descripteur HOG extrait des images IPM (Inverse Perspective Mapping). Un classifieur SVM (Support Vector Machines) binaire a ete utilise pour la detection et un SVM multi-classe pour differencier les appareils de voie existants sur la ligne.Apres avoir elabore le module de detection des rails, nous avons implemente un detecteur de trains. A partir d'un echantillon des images de trains de la ligne en question et des images negatives comme des voitures ou des bus, nous avons cree une base de donnees d'obstacles pour trouver un descripteur robuste qui arrive a decrire la forme des trains et permet a un classifieur SVM de discriminer les images et detecter les trains. Par la suite, ce classifieur est utilise par le systeme global pour determiner la presence d'un train au-dela de la detection de la voie. A la distance maximale de detection, un rectangle de la taille d'un train est extrait de l'image pour verifier la presence d'un train. Ces rectangles font l'objet d'une classification au moyen de descripteurs globaux de type HOG et une structure SVM binaire.Cette etude permettra non seulement de deboucher sur des applications concretes, mais surtout d'evaluer la maturite des technologies de traitements d'images pour realiser des fonctions sures appliquees aux systemes ferroviaires.
Effects of dexamethasone on LH release and ovulation in the cyclic rat.

A study was made of the effects of dexamethasone on ovulation and LH release (radioimmunoassay) in 4-day cycling rats. Subcutaneous injections of dexamethasone given in the earlier stages of the cycle (early diestrus) resulted in a 24-hr delay in ovulation by extending the diestrous period from 2 days to 3 days. Injection given in the later stages of the cycle (late diestrus, early proestrus) extended the cycle to 5 days by adding an extra day of vaginal co nification, with ovulation occurring on the second day, i.e., 24 hr later than expected in a normal 4-day cycle. The latter injection schedule was used in all subsequent experiments reported in this paper. Small dosages of LH induced ovulation in animals “blocked” by dexamethasone, suggesting thatlittle, if any, action of dexamethasone was exerted directly at the ovarian level. Dexamethasone blocked ovulation by inhibiting the normal preovulatory LH surge on the afternoon of proestrus. This inhibition of LH release was thought to be due to a decreased .
Quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized 3He ventilation changes in mice challenged with methacholine

The capability to use high‐resolution 3He MRI to depict regional ventilation changes and airway narrowing in mice challenged with methacholine (MCh) offers the opportunity to gain new insights into the study of asthma. However, to fully exploit the value of this novel technique, it is important to move beyond visual inspection of the images toward automated and quantitative analysis. To address this gap, we describe a postprocessing approach to create ventilation difference maps to better visualize and quantify regional ventilation changes before and after MCh challenge. We show that difference maps reveal subtle changes in airway caliber, and highlight both focal and diffuse regional alterations in ventilation. Ventilation changes include both hypoventilation and compensatory areas of hyperventilation. The difference maps can be quantified by a histogram plot of the ventilation changes, in which the standard deviation increases with MCh dose (R2 = 0.89). This method of analysis is shown to be more sensitive than simple threshold‐based detection of gross ventilation defects. Magn Reson Med 63:658–666, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential fields initiated during monosynaptic activation of frog motoneurones

It has been noted that the patterns of discharge evoked in frog spinal motoneurones are significantly different when a presynaptic volley is initiated in dorsal root fibres and when the excitation arrives over a system of fibres in the lateral column (Brookhart, Machne & Fadiga, 1959). Anatomical studies (Liu & Chambers, 1957) raise the possibility that the differences may be ascribed to variations in the site of synaptic terminations on the motoneurones or to differences in the number of interneurones involved in the two pathways, or both. The present study was undertaken in order to determine which of these possibilities is the more likely. The technique of focal recording from within the spinal cord, and comparison of the temporal relations of simplified responses, have permitted a test of the hypothesis suggested by anatomical findings.
Impact of thermal aging of transformer oil on UV-Vis optical spectrum and dielectric properties

Aged transformer oil can be evaluated by conventional tests to assess the degradation in electrical, chemical and physical properties. However, proper evaluation requires expensive equipment, expertise and time for sampling and testing. UV-Vis spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique that can be conducted on-line with a lower cost and a simple manner. This study aims to investigate the impact of thermal aging on the UV-Vis spectra and the dielectric properties of aged transformer oil in order to correlate between them for the sake of condition assessment of aged transformer oil using UV-Vis spectroscopy. In this regard, oil samples were thermally degraded by accelerated aging experiment in laboratory. Then, these samples were tested for breakdown voltage and dielectric dissipation factor. Also, water content was measured due to its influence on the dielectric properties. In addition, the samples were tested using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to obtain UV-Vis spectra and decomposition by-products. The results were investigated considering the effect of aging duration and correlating the decomposition by-products with dielectric properties. The results indicate that UV-Vis spectra can reflect the degradation in aged transformer oil.