Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective bond dissociation of HOD molecule by optimally designed polychromatic IR+UV pulse: a genetic-algorithm-based study

ABSTRACT A theoretical investigation of selective bond dissociation of O–H or O–D bond of HOD molecule is carried out by optimally designed electromagnetic field where optimisation is performed by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Two strategies depending upon the objective function and variable space for optimisation have been followed to achieve selective photodissociation. In Strategy I flux along a particular channel (J H + O-D/J D + O-H) in the repulsive excited state of HOD is considered in defining the objective function with a polychromatic IR pulse of eight components and a UV radiation of two components being optimally found out by GA. The polychromatic IR pulse distributes the population among the low quanta vibrational states of O–H or O–D stretching mode in ground electronic state and the subsequent UV pulse transfers the population to the excited state where photodissociation occurs. According to the direction of population along O–H or O–D stretch in ground electronic state, fluxes in the channels may be expected. We have obtained a maximum value of 92.38% and 74.12% along J H + O-D and J D + O-H channels, respectively. The Strategy II is the conventional strategy of selective vibrational excitation followed by population transfer to excited state by single UV pulse. In this case, the polychromatic IR fields are optimised by GA to achieve selective vibrational excitation on |1, 0⟩, |2, 0⟩, |0, 1⟩ and |0, 2⟩ states and the matching single UV pulse is fired for electronic excitation. The first two states correspond to the O–H stretch and population transfer from these states to excited state result in predominant flux along H+O–D channel and similar scheme from the last two states result in D+O–H dissociation as they are effectively of O–D character. The best values of J H + O-D and J D + O-H are 86.91% and 65.94% obtained by using Strategy II.
Tensiomyographic changes of muscle contractile properties in individuals with lower-limb amputation: A pilot study

Background: Individuals with a unilateral lower-limb amputation (LLA) rely heavily on their intact limb during daily physical activities. However, there is limited research on the resultant effects of this over-reliance on contractile properties of muscles in the intact limb. Objective: To compare the muscle contractile properties of the intact limb among individuals with a unilateral LLA to those of age-matched able-bodied individuals, using tensiomyography. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional, observational study. Methods: Nine men with a unilateral LLA and 10 able-bodied men (control) were included. Tensiomyography measures were obtained for 5 muscles: gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and medialis (GM), rectus femoris, vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis. Contraction time (Tc), delay time (Td), maximal displacement (Dm), and velocity of deformation (Vd) for each muscle were compared between groups. Results: Tc and Td for the GL and GM muscles were lower for the LLA than the control group (GL: P = .03, r = −0.51, P < .01, r = 0.67; GM: P = .02, r = 0.53, P = .07, r = 0.54, respectively). Dm and Vd of the VL were significantly smaller in the LLA than the control group (P < .01, r = 0.73, P < .01, r = 0.23, respectively). Conclusions: Men with a unilateral LLA seem to have slower deformation of the gastrocnemius muscles and higher stiffness of the VL than able-bodied controls. These findings may be indicative of an overuse of the intact limb as a compensation for the unilateral LLA. The confirmation of these findings in a larger sample size is required to translate these findings to practice.
Patterns of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment and Disrupted Interaction Between Mothers and Their 4-Month-Old Infants

Maternal childhood maltreatment (MCM) is associated with parenting disruptions which may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of negative health and social outcomes. Most prior work has used variable-centered approaches to assess MCM. Complementary person-centered approaches can identify groups of participants characterized by similar patterns of maltreatment. The current study assessed both types and patterns of MCM in relation to disrupted parenting among 179 mothers and their 4-month-olds. In variable-centered analyses, physical abuse was related to negative-intrusive maternal behavior and physical neglect to role-confused behavior. Person-centered analyses derived three classes of MCM, which differed in disrupted parenting. For example, mothers who experienced multiple types of maltreatment displayed more withdrawal than mothers in both other classes. Results document the differential effects of particular types and patterns of MCM on aspects of parenting and reveal that mother’s history of maltreatment can affect the quality of mother-child interaction as early as 4 months of age.
COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on mothers’ and infants’ mental health during pregnancy and shortly thereafter

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a global crisis, with profound implications on public mental health. The current review focuses on the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of mothers and their infants during pregnancy and shortly after delivery. Literature shows that in similar disaster situations, mothers’ stress reaction and mental health have a critical impact on infant development. Research data on perinatal mental health during the current COVID-19 pandemic is reviewed in conjunction with studies on the relationship between maternal stress, infant development, and psychopathology. Recommendations for perinatal mental health enhancement are discussed and topics for future research suggested.
Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Adults: Mathematical Model Fitting to Assess Age-Related Perfusion Pattern

Objective To investigate the age-dependent changes in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in healthy adults by fitting mathematical models to imaging data. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 90 healthy adults underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling imaging of the brain. Regional CBF values were extracted from the arterial spin labeling images of each subject. Multivariable regression with the Akaike information criterion, link test, and F test (Ramsey's regression equation specification error test) was performed for 7 models in every brain region to determine the best mathematical model for fitting the relationship between CBF and age. Results Of all 87 brain regions, 68 brain regions were best fitted by cubic models, 9 brain regions were best fitted by quadratic models, and 10 brain regions were best fitted by linear models. In most brain regions (global gray matter and the other 65 brain regions), CBF decreased nonlinearly with aging, and the rate of CBF reduction decreased with aging, gradually approaching 0 after approximately 60. CBF in some regions of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes increased nonlinearly with aging before age 30, approximately, and decreased nonlinearly with aging for the rest of life. Conclusion In adults, the age-related perfusion patterns in most brain regions were best fitted by the cubic models, and age-dependent CBF changes were nonlinear.
COVID-19–Related Circumstances for Hospital Readmissions: A Case Series From 2 New York City Hospitals

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective The aim of the study was to determine the main factors contributing to hospital readmissions and their potential preventability after a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization at 2 New York City hospitals. Methods This was a retrospective study at 2 affiliated New York City hospitals located in the Upper East Side and Lower Manhattan neighborhoods. We performed case reviews using the Hospital Medicine Reengineering Network framework to determine potentially preventable readmissions among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 3, 2020 (date of first case) and April 27, 2020, and readmitted to either of the 2 hospitals within 30 days of discharge. Results Among 53 readmissions after hospitalization for COVID-19, 44 (83%) were deemed not preventable and 9 (17%) were potentially preventable. Nonpreventable readmissions were mostly due to disease progression or complications of COVID-19 (37/44, 84%). Main factors contributing to potentially preventable readmissions were issues with initial disposition (5/9, 56%), premature discharge (3/9, 33%), and inappropriate readmission (1/9, 11%) for someone who likely did not require rehospitalization. Conclusions Most readmissions after a COVID-19 hospitalization were not preventable and a consequence of the natural progression of the disease, specifically worsening dyspnea or hypoxemia. Some readmissions were potentially preventable, mostly because of issues with disposition that were directly related to challenges posed by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians should be aware of challenges with disposition related to circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Connecting the dots: Targeting the microbiome in drug toxicity

The gut microbiota has a vast influence on human health and its role in initiating, aggravating, or ameliorating diseases is beginning to emerge. Recently, its contribution to heterogeneous toxicological responses is also gaining attention, especially in drug‐induced toxicity. Whether they are orally administered or not, drugs may interact with the gut microbiota directly or indirectly, which leads to altered toxicity. Present studies focus more on the unidirectional influence of how xenobiotics disturb intestinal microbial composition and functions, and thus induce altered homeostasis. However, interactions between the gut microbiota and xenobiotics are bidirectional and the impact of the gut microbiota on xenobiotics, especially on drugs, should not be neglected. Thus, in this review, we focus on how the gut microbiota modulates drug toxicity by highlighting the microbiome, microbial enzyme, and microbial metabolites. We connect the dots between drugs, the microbiome, microbial enzymes or metabolites, drug metabolites, and host toxicological responses to facilitate the discovery of microbial targets and mechanisms associated with drug toxicity. Besides this, current mainstream strategies to manipulate drug toxicity by targeting the microbiome are summarized and discussed. The review provides technical reference for the evaluation of medicinal properties in the research and development of innovative drugs, and for the future exploitation of strategies to reduce drug toxicity by targeting the microbiome.
Non-shoulder Injuries in Swimming: A Systematic Review

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objective: The shoulder is the most common injury in swimming, followed by the knee and spine. The repetitive nature of swimming training may predispose a swimmer to injury. Several risk factors have been previously identified, but the level of evidence and level of certainty that these risk factors predispose a swimmer to injury risk has yet to be evaluated critically in a systematic review. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data Sources: Data were obtained through PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The database search was limited to articles that were published between January 1980 and December 2019. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies: Level I, II, and III studies were included in this review. All studies must have been conducted in swimmers or swimming, a description of the specific pathology and provide at least one identified risk factor with an association (P < 0.05). Results: A total of 19 critically appraised articles identified 28 potential risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in swimmers. The risk factors were grouped by the anatomical region: neck and back, pelvis and hip, and the knee. Only 2 risk factors were appraised at a moderate level of certainty, both occurring in the knee. The remaining 26 identified risk factors were appraised at a low level of certainty. There is a clear lack of research surrounding nonshoulder injuries in swimmers.
Birmingham Channel nuclear pore complex subunits are required for transposon silencing in Drosophila

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the principal gateway between nucleus and cytoplasm that enables exchange of macromolecular cargo. Composed of multiple copies of ~ 30 different nucleoporins (Nups), the NPC acts as a selective portal, interacting with factors which individually license passage of specific cargo classes. Here we show that two Nups of the inner channel, Nup54 and Nup58, are essential for transposon silencing via the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway in the Drosophila ovary. In ovarian follicle cells, loss of Nup54 and Nup58 results in compromised piRNA biogenesis exclusively from the flamenco locus, whereas knockdowns of other NPC subunits have widespread consequences. This provides evidence that some Nups can acquire specialised roles in tissue-specific contexts. Our findings consolidate the idea that the NPC has functions beyond simply constituting a barrier to nuclear/cytoplasmic exchange as genomic loci subjected to strong selective pressure can exploit NPC subunits to facilitate their expression. These Further help determine if and if help
Manuka Honey: Feasibility and Safety in Postoperative Neurosurgical Wound Care

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To date, no reports have been published on active Leptospermum manuka honey (ALH) feasibility as a postoperative topical wound supplement in neurosurgical patients. The objective of the study is to present the authors’ initial experience with using ALH in postoperative neurosurgical patients. METHODS A single-surgeon retrospective case series review of cranial and spinal operations between 2018 and 2020 was performed in patients with nonhealing wounds or wounds deemed “at risk” as defined by grade 1 Sandy surgical wound dehiscence grading classification. An ALH gel or ointment was applied to these incisions once a day for 2 to 4 weeks. Patients were followed up in the clinic every 2 weeks until incisions had healed. RESULTS Twenty-five postoperative patients (12 cranial, 13 spinal) were identified to be at high risk of operative debridement. All 25 patients were prescribed a topical application of ALH, which was easily adopted without patient-related adverse events. Seven (four cranial, three spinal) patients required operative debridement and treatment with long-term antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS In this small case series of neurosurgical patients who were at risk of poor wound healing, the application of medical-grade ALH was well tolerated without patient-reported adverse events. The ALH may have prevented the need for operative debridement in the majority of patients. Further prospective studies are necessary to establish its efficacy in wound healing in the neurosurgical population.
Retention and motivation of health workers in remote and rural areas in Cross River State, Nigeria: a discrete choice experiment.

BACKGROUND Cross River State is making investments geared towards ensuring equitable distribution and improved retention of its frontline health workforce in remote and rural areas. This informed the conduct of a discrete choice experiment to determine the motivating factors supporting the retention of healthcare workers. METHODS Study participants were 198 final year students of nursing, midwifery and community health and frontline health workers. Eight focus group discussions and 38 key informant interviews were conducted to obtain information about the dimensions of the work conditions that are important to frontline health workers when choosing to take up posting or stay in their rural work locations. RESULTS Health workers are 2.7 times more likely to take up a rural posting or continue to stay in their present rural duty posts if they receive a salary increment. They are also four times more likely to take a rural job posting if a basic housing or a housing allowance is provided. CONCLUSION Improving working conditions of frontline health workers in terms of adequate staff strength, good skills mix and equipment, etc., as well as improving opportunities for career advancement will support retention in rural health posts.
Evidence for role of capillaries in regulation of skeletal muscle oxygen supply

How oxygen (O2) supply to capillaries is regulated to match the tissue's demand is unknown. Erythrocytes have been proposed as sensors in this regulatory mechanism since they release ATP, a vasodilator, in an oxygen saturation (SO2)‐dependent manner. ATP causes hyperpolarization of endothelial cells resulting in conducted vasodilation to arterioles.
Validation of the Coin in Hand-Extended Version Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia.

OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to validate the Performance Validity Test Coin in Hand-Extended Version (CIH-EV) in groups of healthy older adults and older adults with dementia. METHOD Using an analog simulation paradigm, the healthy control group and the clinical group were instructed to perform to the best of their ability, whereas the feigning older adults were instructed to simulate a memory deficit to obtain allowance, financial aid, or early retirement. RESULTS Results showed that the control and clinical groups performed more optimally than the feigning group, although the clinical group had superior response times. The CIH-EV was insensitive to sociodemographic variables and neurocognitive functioning in all groups, demonstrated good convergent validity with other performance validity measures, and showed a reduced rate of false positives. CONCLUSIONS This study corroborates the CIH-EV's effectiveness in detecting the simulation of cognitive deficits in healthy older adults and older adults with dementia.
The Prevalence of Complementary and Integrative Health Approach Use and Quality of Life Among Patients With Heart Failure

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of complementary and integrative health approach (CIHA) use in patients with heart failure (HF) and compare quality of life (QoL) between CIHA users and nonusers. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative study including 130 patients with HF in Turkey. The data were collected using the sociodemographic and CIHA information form and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). The mean age was 64.51 ± 10.40 years. Furthermore, 26.1% of the participants had used at least one form of CIHA in the previous year. The most used CIHA was herbal therapies (94.2%). The total scores of the KCCQ were 47.70 ± 9.50 in the study, and a statistically significant difference was found in the total scores of the KCCQ between CIHA users and nonusers. The findings of this study revealed that more than a quartile of patients with HF used at least one form of CIHA. Further prospective studies are warranted to follow up with patients having HF who use any form of CIHA for a longer period and determine other parameters that directly influence QoL.
Face Sketch Synthesis Using Regularized Broad Learning System

There are two main categories of face sketch synthesis: data- and model-driven. The data-driven method synthesizes sketches from training photograph–sketch patches at the cost of detail loss. The model-driven method can preserve more details, but the mapping from photographs to sketches is a time-consuming training process, especially when the deep structures require to be refined. We propose a face sketch synthesis method via regularized broad learning system (RBLS). The broad learning-based system directly transforms photographs into sketches with rich details preserved. Also, the incremental learning scheme of broad learning system (BLS) ensures that our method easily increases feature mappings and remodels the network without retraining when the extracted feature mapping nodes are not sufficient. Besides, a Bayesian estimation-based regularization is introduced with the BLS to aid further feature selection and improve the generalization ability and robustness. Various experiments on the CUHK student data set and Aleix Robert (AR) data set demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our RBLS method. Unlike existing methods, our method synthesizes high-quality face sketches much efficiently and greatly reduces computational complexity both in the training and test processes.
What Contributes to Diagnostic Error or Delay? A Qualitative Exploration Across Diverse Acute Care Settings in the United States

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objectives Diagnostic error and delay is a prevalent and impactful problem. This study was part of a mixed-methods approach to understand the organizational, clinician, and patient factors contributing to diagnostic error and delay among acutely ill patients within a health system, as well as recommendations for the development of tailored, targeted, feasible, and effective interventions. Methods We did a multisite qualitative study using focus group methodology to explore the perspectives of key clinician stakeholders. We used a conceptual framework that characterized diagnostic error and delay as occurring within 1 of 3 stages of the patient’s diagnostic journey—critical information gathering, synthesis of key information, and decision making and communication. We developed our moderator guide based on the sociotechnical frameworks previously described by Holden and Singh for understanding noncognitive factors that lead to diagnostic error and delay. Deidentified focus group transcripts were coded in triplicate and to consensus over a series of meetings. A final coded data set was then uploaded into NVivo software. The data were then analyzed to generate overarching themes and categories. Results We recruited a total of 64 participants across 4 sites from emergency departments, hospital floor, and intensive care unit settings into 11 focus groups. Clinicians perceive that diverse organizational, communication and coordination, individual clinician, and patient factors interact to impede the process of making timely and accurate diagnoses. Conclusions This study highlights the complex sociotechnical system within which individual clinicians operate and the contributions of systems, processes, and institutional factors to diagnostic error and delay.
Mouse mandibular retromolar taste buds associated with a mucus salivary gland.

We have characterized a recently rediscovered chemosensory structure at the rear of the mandibular mucosa in the mouse oral cavity originally reported in the 1980s. This consists of unorganized taste buds, not contained within troughs, associated with the ducts of an underlying minor salivary gland. Using whole-mount preparations of transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein under the promoter of taste-signaling-specific genes, we determined that the structure contains taste bud clusters and salivary gland orifices at the rear of each mandible, distal to the last molar and anterior to the ascending ramus. Immunohistochemical analysis show in the retromolar taste buds expression of the taste receptors Tas2R131 and T1R3 and taste cascade molecules TrpM5, PLCβ2, and GNAT3, consistent with type II taste cells, and expression of GAD1, consistent with type III taste cells. Furthermore, the neuronal marker CGRP in retromolar mucosa tissue wrapping around TrpM5+ taste buds was observed. RT-PCR showed that retromolar taste buds express all three mouse tas1r genes, 28 of the 35 tas2r genes, and taste transduction signaling genes gnat3, plcb2, and trpm5, making the retromolar TBs similar to other lingual and palate taste buds. Finally, histochemistry demonstrated that the mandibular retromolar secretory gland is a minor salivary gland of mucous type. The mandibular retromolar taste structure may thus play a role in taste sensation and represent a potential novel pharmacological target for taste disorders.