Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experience and knowledge level of female health care professionals in Samsun province regarding puerperal mastitis.

OBJECTIVE Inappropriate or insufficient knowledge of health care professionals about puerperal mastitis can lead mothers to premature weaning, as well as the lack of education on proper breastfeeding. However, the importance of education regarding puerperal mastitis seems to be underestimated. MATERIAL AND METHODS From July to August 2014, 317 female health care professionals were surveyed in Samsun, Turkey. Participants were classified into three groups; nurses, maternity care nurses (obstetrics and gynecology nurses and pediatrics clinic nurses), and midwives. A specifically prepared questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULTS 69.1% (n=219) of female health care professionals had one or more child/ren. The median length of breastfeeding duration was 11 months (0-36) while the overall puerperal mastitis rate was 13.3% (n=29). Puerperal mastitis related cessation of breastfeeding was similar between the groups, with an overall rate of 3.1%. 61.1% of the participants stated that they had one or more hours of education regarding puerperal mastitis while 5.4% indicated that they learned about the pathology from their experiences. Midwives and maternity care nurses were found to be more knowledgeable than nurses regarding the reasons, risk factors, prevention, symptoms, and treatment of puerperal mastitis. CONCLUSION As a result, the current level of education regarding breastfeeding and puerperal mastitis and daily practice in female health care professionals in Turkey is far from desired levels. The breastfeeding education of health care professionals must be adapted to an effective program, such as UNICEF/WHO 20-hour breastfeeding training course, and puerperal mastitis should be accepted as a public health care issue.
The X-Ray Jet of PKS 0637–752: Inverse Compton Radiation from the Cosmic Microwave Background?

We propose that the X-ray emission detected by Chandra from the 100 kpc-scale jet of PKS 0637-752 is produced through inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze the physical state of the jet and show that inverse Compton scattering from the CMB is consistent with the equipartition for a moderate beaming of the emission, with a Doppler factor δ ~ 10. The power transported by the jet is then similar to that of other powerful blazars, Lj ~ 1048 ergs s-1, and the jet has low radiative efficiency. The radiative cooling times of the electrons are a few thousand years, compatible with the size of the knot. The low-energy cutoff of the electron distribution is constrained to be γmin ~ 10, the first such constraint from spectral considerations. A parallel analysis for the synchrotron self-Compton model yields far less reasonable physical conditions.
Receptor radionuclide therapy of tumors: a road from basic research to clinical applications.

Publication in this issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine of the article by Cescato et al. (1) prompts some considerations on receptorguided tumor targeting with radionuclides. The term receptor-guided tumor targeting includes several techniques implying the direct and selective transportation of specific diagnostic or therapeutic radiolabeled peptides on cell-bound molecular targets, such as receptors. This mechanism constitutes the basis for imaging receptor-rich tissues (for diagnostic purposes) and for their selective irradiation with suitable short-range, high-energy b-emitting isotopes, with
LA CORRECTION INITIALE DU PRIX D’ÉMISSION PREMIÈRE AU CANADA

Resume. L’auteur caracterise la correction boursiere initiale qui accompagne au Canada les emissions premieres d’actions et d’unites (actions+bons). Pour l’emission d’actions, il observe qu’il y a sous-evaluation initiale moyenne de l’ordre de 30%, un resultat surtout attribuable aux petites emissions plus risquees. Egalement, que le produit de l’emission d’unites typique est de l’ordre de 12 M$, contre 40 M$ pour l’emission d’actions et qu’elle s’avere deux fois plus sous-evaluee (60% en moyenne). L’auteur conclut que la sous-evaluation reste un probleme majeur pour les petites emissions, et donc, les petites firmes, tout en dependant de la receptivite du marche, de la reputation du souscripteur et du secteur d’appartenance de l’emettrice.
Fault Diagnosis Digital Method for Power Transistors in Power Converters of Switched Reluctance Motors

This paper describes four main fault types of the asymmetric bridge power converter in switched reluctance motor drive on power transistors. Two on-line fault diagnosis methods for power transistors in the power converter are proposed. The principle of the proposed diagnosis methods is to detect the real-time current state from some particular positions, and then obtain the diagnosis result and the fault location by logical judgment. One fault diagnosis method is proposed using single current sensor monitoring the chopped bus current; the other method is using dual current sensors scheme monitoring the upper freewheeling bus current and excitation bus current. The simulation results of current states from certain positions of a three-phase 12/8 motor and its power converter are analyzed. Experiments have verified the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis methods. It is shown that the dual current sensors scheme monitoring the upper freewheeling bus current and excitation bus current has the fastest fault response.
Developmental nicotine exposure enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission in motor neurons and interneurons critical for normal breathing

Nicotine exposure in utero negatively affects neuronal growth, differentiation, and synaptogenesis. We used rhythmic brainstems slices and immunohistochemistry to determine how developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) alters inhibitory neurotransmission in two regions essential to normal breathing, the hypoglossal motor nucleus (XIIn), and preBötzinger complex (preBötC). We microinjected glycine or muscimol (GABAA agonist) into the XIIn or preBötC of rhythmic brainstem slices from neonatal rats while recording from XII nerve roots to obtain XII motoneuron population activity. Injection of glycine or muscimol into the XIIn reduced XII nerve burst amplitude, while injection into the preBötC altered nerve burst frequency. These responses were exaggerated in preparations from DNE animals. Quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly higher GABAA receptor density on XII motoneurons from DNE pups. There were no differences in GABAA receptor density in the preBötC, and there were no differences in glycine receptor expression in either region. Nicotine, in the absence of other chemicals in tobacco smoke, alters normal development of brainstem circuits that are critical for normal breathing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 337–354, 2016
Current Perspectives on Teaching World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca

The purpose of this article is to explore recent research into World Englishes (henceforth WEs) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), focusing on its implications for TESOL, and the extent to which it is being taken into account by English language teachers, linguists, and second language acquisition researchers. After a brief introduction comparing the current situation with that of 15 years ago, I look more closely at definitions of WEs and ELF. Then follows an overview of relevant developments in WEs and ELF research during the past 15 years, along with a more detailed discussion of some key research projects and any controversies they have aroused. I then address the implications of WEs/ELF research for TESOL vis-a-vis English language standards and standard English, and the longstanding native versus nonnative teacher debate. Finally, I assess the consensus on WEs and ELF that is emerging both among researchers and between researchers and language teaching professionals. The article concludes by raising a number of questions that remain to be investigated in future research.
Reconnaissance des entités nommées dans des documents multimodaux

La Reconnaissance des entites nommees est une sous-tâche de l’activite d’extraction d’information. Elle consiste a identifier certains objets textuels tels que les noms de personne, d’organisation et de lieu. Le travail de cette these se concentre sur la tâche de reconnaissance des entites nommees pour la modalite orale. Cette tâche pose un certain nombre de difficultes qui sont inherentes aux caracteristiques intrinseques du traitement de l’oral (absence de capitalisation, manque de ponctuation, presence de disfluences et d’erreurs de reconnaissance.). Dans un premier temps, nous etudions les specificites de la reconnaissance des entites nommees en aval du systeme de reconnaissance automatique de la parole. Nous presentons une methode pour la reconnaissance des entites nommees dans les transcription de la parole en adoptant une taxonomie hierarchique et compositionnelle. Nous mesurons l’impact des differents phenomenes specifiques a la parole sur la qualite de reconnaissance des entites nommees. Dans un second temps, nous proposons d’etudier le couplage etroit entre la tâche de transcription de la parole et la tâche de reconnaissance des entites nommees. Dans ce but, nous detournons les fonctionnalites de base d’un systeme de transcription de la parole pour le transformer en un systeme de reconnaissance des entites nommees. Ainsi, en mobilisant les connaissances propres au traitement de la parole dans le cadre de la tâche liee a la reconnaissance des entites nommees, nous assurons une plus grande synergie entre ces deux tâches. Nous menons differents types d’experimentations afin d’optimiser et d’evaluer notre approche.
Lipid Raft-Associated GTPase Signaling Controls Morphology and CD8+ T Cell Stimulatory Capacity of Human Dendritic Cells1

Their eponymous morphology and unique ability to activate naive T cells are hallmark features of dendritic cells (DCs). Specific properties of the actin cytoskeleton may define both characteristics. In search for regulators that coordinate DC phenotype and function, we observed strongly increased expression of the actin-remodeling GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 during DC development from human stem cells. Cdc42 and Rac1 are constitutively active in immature DCs, and their activity is further up-regulated by maturational stimuli such as LPS or CD40L. Activation of Rac1 is associated with its rapid recruitment into lipid rafts. Cdc42 is not recruited into rafts, but readily activated by raft-associated moieties. The functional interplay of rafts, GTPases, and cortical actin is further shown by GTPase activation and actin remodeling after pharmacological disruption of lipid rafts and by the loss of the actin-based DC morphology by transfection of dominant-negative Cdc42 and Rac1. Both Cdc42 and Rac1 also control the transport of essential immunostimulatory molecules to the DC surface. Transfection with dominant-negative GTPases led to reduced surface expression of MHC class I and CD86. Consecutively, DCs display a reduced stimulatory capacity for CD8+ T cells, whereas MHC class II-dependent stimulation of CD4+ T cells remains unperturbed. We conclude that Cdc42 and Rac1 signaling controls DC morphology and conditions DCs for efficient CD8+ T cell stimulation.
Mortality in patients presenting with fever of unknown origin

Abstract Background: Few data exist on the contemporary prognosis of patients presenting with fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods: The data of 436 adult immunocompetent patients presenting with FUO between 2000 and 2010 and followed for at least 6 months were analyzed, with a focus on FUO-related deaths. The following variables were assessed in survivors and non-survivors: age, underlying diagnosis, and, in a nested case-control design, fever periodicity, selected laboratory parameters (including peripheral blood counts, enzymes, and inflammatory markers) and organomegaly. Results: Thirty FUO-related deaths occurred (6·9%). Malignancy accounted for 11% of fevers but for 60% of deaths. Especially non-Hodgkin lymphoma carried a disproportionally high death toll. In the non-malignant categories, fatality rates were below 6%. All patients discharged without diagnosis in spite of ample investigations (n = 164) survived. Besides malignancy, age, continuous (as opposed to episodic) fever, anaemia, leucopenia, LDH levels, and hepatomegaly were associated with mortality. Conclusions: Fatality rates of FUO have continuously declined over the past decades. Malignancy, including lymphoma, remains a cardinal cause of death. Patients with FUO discharged without diagnosis survive.
A Proposed π-Structure RF MEMS Switch for Wide Bandwidth and High Isolation Applications

This paper presents a π-structure for RF MEMS switch based on numerical experimentation using 3D EM simulator. It has very low insertion and return losses in the ON-state and very high isolation in the OFF-state, over a wide bandwidth. It exhibits a minimum isolation of 50 dB, in the frequency range from dc to 50 GHz, and of 30 dB in the frequency range from 50 to 60 GHz. The insertion loss ranges from 0.2 to 2 dB and a minimum of 25 dB return loss up to 50 GHz. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the highest isolation reported so far for RF switches over such a wide frequency band. The switch is actuated by a DC voltage of 30 to 50 volt. Both shunt capacitive and series resistive switch fabrication processes on the wafer are compatible.
Excitotoxic death induced by released glutamate in depolarized primary cultures of mouse cerebellar granule cells is dependent on GABAA receptors and niflumic acid‐sensitive chloride channels

Excitotoxic neuronal death has been linked to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have sought to clarify the involvement of Cl– channels in neuronal excitotoxicity using either N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) or α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate/kainic acid agonists. In this work we induced excitotoxic death in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells by means of endogenously released glutamate. Excitotoxicity was provoked by exposure to high extracellular K+ concentrations ([K+]o) for 5 min. Under these conditions, a Ca2+‐dependent release of glutamate was evoked. When extracellular glutamate concentration rose to between 2 and 4 µm, cell viability was significantly reduced by 30–40%. The NMDA receptor antagonists (MK‐801 and d‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid) prevented cell death. Exposure to high [K+]o produced a 36Cl– influx which was significantly reduced by picrotoxinin. In addition, the GABAA receptor antagonists (bicuculline, picrotoxinin and SR 95531) protected cells from high [K+]o‐triggered excitotoxicity and reduced extracellular glutamate concentration. The Cl– channel blockers niflumic acid and 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid also exerted a neuroprotective effect and reduced extracellular glutamate concentration, even though they did not reduce high [K+]o‐induced 36Cl– influx. Primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells also contain a population of GABAergic neurons that released GABA in response to high [K+]o. Chronic treatment of primary cultures with kainic acid abolished GABA release and rendered granule cells insensitive to high [K+]o exposure, even though NMDA receptors were functional. Altogether, these results demonstrate that, under conditions of membrane depolarization, low micromolar concentrations of extracellular glutamate might induce an excitotoxic process through both NMDA and GABAA receptors and niflumic acid‐sensitive Cl– channels.
Novel Techniques For Model-Code Synchronization

The orientation of the current software development practice requires efficient model-based iterative solutions. The high costs of maintenance and evolution during the life cycle of the software can be reduced by using tool-aided iterative development. This paper presents how model-based iterative software development can be supported through efficient model-code change propagation. The presented approach facilitates bi-directional synchronization between the modified source code and the refined initial models. The backgrounds of the synchronization technique are three-way abstract syntax tree (AST) differencing and merging. The AST-based solution enables syntactically correct merge operations. OMG's Model-Driven Architecture describes a proposal for platform-specific model creation and source code generation. We extend this vision with the synchronization feature to assist the iterative development. Furthermore, a case study is also provided.
Opioid receptors are not involved in the increase of the nociceptive threshold induced by aerobic exercise.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of opioid receptors in antinociception induced by different aerobic exercise protocols in rats. METHODS This experimental study, conducted in the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil from November 2011 to May 2012, included 60 female Wistar rats, divided into 10 groups of 6 animals per group. The rats were subjected to different aerobic exercise protocols: acute, cardiac stress, eccentric, and training. The nociceptive threshold was measured by the paw-withdrawal test. To investigate the involvement of the endogenous opioids system, the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously before the beginning of the exercise. RESULTS All exercise protocols increased the nociceptive threshold for 15 minutes. The naloxone pre-treatment did not alter the antinociception induced by aerobic exercise protocols. CONCLUSION The endogenous opioids system did not participate in the antinociceptive effect produced by the aerobic exercise protocols.
Common training for students at the academic health centre

In Finland, the practical training of both nurse and doctor students is usually carried out in existing health care service units, hospitals and health centres where contacts between different student groups are rare. When Turku Medical School in Finland decided to decentralize a part of the education of physicians to the town of Pori, it was also decided to build an academic health centre for implementing intensive health centre training. The academic health centre first opened its doors to students in August 2005. The centre is equipped with six consultation rooms, two procedure rooms and three meeting rooms. The academic health centre can train 6 – 8 medical students at a time. The academic health centre in Pori uses an interprofessional education model in which medical students and nursing students work together in practical patient care. Finnish health centres facilities are fairly sophisticated. There can be hundreds of employees, who represent different professions. Work distribution between occupational groups has been developed. It is important that cooperation between professionals works fluently. In Finland, nurses are not educated at medical schools. That’s why a co-operation with Satakunta University of Applied Sciences was started. In the initial phase, there have been 1 – 2 nursing students working together with the medical students. There are future plans for other occupational groups to participate. The one week training period begins with a one-day introduction in which the medical and nursing students also receive information about the objectives of interprofessional training. It also provides the students the chance to get acquainted with one another. The training period is followed by a 1 – 2-hour feedback session where students exchange opinions about patient contacts and training arrangements. The session is tutored by teachers. In the actual patient care training, the medical student first independently interviews and examines the patient, and then he/she is joined by a clinical teacher and nursing student. The medical student reviews his/her own observations, after which the team formulates a working diagnosis and follow-up treatment plan. In addition to the reception Journal of Interprofessional Care, December 2007; 21(6): 687 – 689
Photoreceptor IFT Complexes Containing Chaperones, Guanylyl Cyclase 1 and Rhodopsin

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) provides a mechanism for the transport of cilium‐specific proteins, but the mechanisms for linkage of cargo and IFT proteins have not been identified. Using the sensory outer segments (OS) of photoreceptors, which are derived from sensory cilia, we have identified IFT–cargo complexes containing IFT proteins, kinesin 2 family proteins, two photoreceptor‐specific membrane proteins, guanylyl cyclase 1 (GC1, Gucy2e) and rhodopsin (RHO), and the chaperones, mammalian relative of DNAJ, DnajB6 (MRJ), and HSC70 (Hspa8). Analysis of these complexes leads to a model in which MRJ through its binding to IFT88 and GC1 plays a critical role in formation or stabilization of the IFT–cargo complexes. Consistent with the function of MRJ in the activation of HSC70 ATPase activity, Mg‐ATP enhances the co‐IP of GC1, RHO, and MRJ with IFT proteins. Furthermore, RNAi knockdown of MRJ in IMCD3 cells expressing GC1‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) reduces cilium membrane targeting of GC1‐GFP without apparent effect on cilium elongation.
Response to selection for fertility in a fall-lambing sheep flock.

Selection for fertility in a fall lambing system was applied for 5 yr (1.45 generations) in a crossbred sheep population. Three flocks were involved: a fall-lambing selected (S) flock of 125 ewes and 10 rams, a fall-lambing environmental control (EC) flock of 55 ewes and five rams, and a spring-lambing genetic control flock of 45 ewes and five rams used to produce replacements for EC. Estimated breeding values for fertility (ewes lambing per ewe exposed) were calculated for animals mated in each year of the study using a single-trait animal model and increased more rapidly in S (.0138/yr) than in EC (.0067/yr). After accounting for genetic drift, EBV of ewes mated in S in the final year of the study averaged . 070 +/- . 032 (P = .08). A correlated response of . 0087 lambs/yr was observed in S for fall litter size Genetic trends in all body weights were positive in EC, likely because of supplemental selection on body size in ram lambs used in EC. Ninety-day weight, maternal effects on weaning weight, and 90-d scrotal circumference increased in S, but direct effects on birth and weaning weights declined. In order to focus on realized selection response in fertility, EBV for fertility of 330 replacement ewe lambs from S and EC were calculated using only data collected after their birth. These realized EBV were then regressed on pedigree EBV calculated at the time the ewe lambs were born. The regression was significant when all relationships were used to calculate both EBV (.20 +/- .08) but only approached significance (.13 +/- .07) when only records of the ewe lambs themselves, their descendants, and their paternal half-sibs were used to calculate realized EBV. Also, EBV for all ewes were calculated at the start of each breeding season and were higher (P < .01) for ewes that subsequently lambed than for open ewes. These results suggest that selection can be used to improve fertility in fall-lambing sheep flocks.
Revision operations on infected total hip arthroplasties. Two- to nine-year follow-up study.

One hundred two of 110 infected hip arthroplasties revised with the protection of gentamicin-loaded cement were followed for a minimum of two years. In 77 of 102 hips the infection healed after one revision operation and in five of eight hips after a second revision operation, representing a final healing rate of 80%. No significant difference in healing rate could be demonstrated with regard to individual bacterial species. However, in infections with a mixed flora, the healing rate was only 27% (p less than .01). After an average of six years, 33 of 82 healed hips had signs of roentgenographic loosening, nine of which had been revised. The modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score averaged 5.3 for pain, 3.7 for walking ability, and 4.0 for range of motion (ROM) in patients with healed infections.