Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet use pattern of Undergraduate students at the University of Lagos, Nigeria

This study examined the pattern of Internet use by undergraduate students at the University of Lagos, Main Campus, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. It revealed that the level of Internet use is low among undergraduate students from both the Faculty of Education and Faculty of Law. It also revealed that though majority of the students browse the Internet many of them cannot design search strategies. However, the study showed that internet use has very high impact on the academic/career related activities of the students. The study recommends the provision of faculty computer laboratories equipped with internet facilities, installation of solar electric power back-up system, and the integration of Internet and computer literacy into the compulsory general studies programme of the University. University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal Vol. 8 (1&2) 2006: pp. 1-15
Measurement Accuracy of Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate during Graded Exercise and Sustained Exercise in the Heat Using the Zephyr BioHarnessTM

Abstract The Zephyr BioHarnessTM was tested to determine the accuracy of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) measurements during 2 exercise protocols in conjunction with either a laboratory metabolic cart (Vmax) or a previously validated portable metabolic system (K4b2). In one protocol, HR and RR were measured using the BioHarness and Vmax during a graded exercise up to V˙O2max (n=12). In another protocol, HR and RR were measured using the BH and K4b2 during sustained exercise (30% and 50% V˙O2max for 20 min each) in a hot environment (30 °C, 50% relative humidity) (n=6). During the graded exercise, HR but not RR, obtained from the BioHarness was higher compared to the Vmax at baseline and 30% V˙O2max (p<0.05), but showed no significant difference at other stages with high correlation coefficients for both HR (r=0.87–0.96) and RR (r=0.90–0.99 above 30% V˙O2max). During the exercise in the heat, there were no significant differences between the BioHarness and K4b2 system. Correlation coefficients between the methods were low for HR but moderately to highly correlated (0.49–0.99) for RR. In conclusion, the BioHarness is comparable to Vmax and K4b2 over a wide range of V˙O2 during graded exercise and sustained exercise in the heat.
The sHSP22 Heat Shock Protein Requires the ABI1 Protein Phosphatase to Modulate Polar Auxin Transport and Downstream Responses1[OPEN]

Endoplasmic reticulum-localized small heat shock protein sHSP22 integrates ABA and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) response pathways interact synergistically or antagonistically to regulate plant development and environmental adaptation. Here, we show that ABI1, a key negative regulator of ABA signaling, is essential for auxin-modulated root development. We performed a microarray analysis using the loss-of-function mutant abi1-3 and Col-0 seedlings treated with IAA. For sHSP22, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) small heat shock protein-encoding gene, the induction by IAA was dependent on ABI1. shsp22 displayed enhanced sensitivity to ABA in primary root growth. In contrast, overexpression of full-length, but not truncated sHSP22 lacking signal peptide and ER-retention sequences, resulted in decreased ABA sensitivity. Overexpressed (OX) sHSP22 partially rescued the ABA hypersensitivity of abi1-3. In addition, sHSP22 is involved in auxin-regulated hypocotyl elongation at high temperature treatment. sHSP22 also affected accumulation of auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins due to potentiated intracellular trafficking. And sHSP22 OX lines initiated more lateral roots after auxin application. Our results suggest that sHSP22 regulates auxin response through modulating auxin polar transport, and ABI1-sHSP22 provides a novel module orchestrating ABA and auxin signaling crosstalk in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
Subcellular Compartmentation of Alternatively Spliced Transcripts Defines SERINE/ARGININE-RICH PROTEIN30 Expression1[OPEN]

Differential compartmentation and translation of alternatively spliced transcripts adjusts expression of the splicing regulator SR30 to ambient light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Alternative splicing (AS) is prevalent in higher eukaryotes, and generation of different AS variants is tightly regulated. Widespread AS occurs in response to altered light conditions and plays a critical role in seedling photomorphogenesis, but despite its frequency and effect on plant development, the functional role of AS remains unknown for most splicing variants. Here, we characterized the light-dependent AS variants of the gene encoding the splicing regulator Ser/Arg-rich protein SR30 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We demonstrated that the splicing variant SR30.2, which is predominantly produced in darkness, is enriched within the nucleus and strongly depleted from ribosomes. Light-induced AS from a downstream 3′ splice site gives rise to SR30.1, which is exported to the cytosol and translated, coinciding with SR30 protein accumulation upon seedling illumination. Constitutive expression of SR30.1 and SR30.2 fused to fluorescent proteins revealed their identical subcellular localization in the nucleoplasm and nuclear speckles. Furthermore, expression of either variant shifted splicing of a genomic SR30 reporter toward SR30.2, suggesting that an autoregulatory feedback loop affects SR30 splicing. We provide evidence that SR30.2 can be further spliced and, unlike SR30.2, the resulting cassette exon variant SR30.3 is sensitive to nonsense-mediated decay. Our work delivers insight into the complex and compartmentalized RNA processing mechanisms that control the expression of the splicing regulator SR30 in a light-dependent manner.
Patients’ Motivations for Treatment and their Experiences of Orthodontic Preparation for Orthognathic Surgery

Objective To determine patients’ motivations for undergoing orthognathic surgery and their experiences of the orthodontic aspects of this treatment. Design Retrospective questionnaire survey using a patient-centred measure. Setting Thirteen National Health Service (NHS) hospital orthodontic departments. Subjects Three-hundred-and-twenty-six patients (58% response rate) who underwent orthognathic surgery during the period 1 January 1995 to 30 September 2001 completed a questionnaire. Main outcome measures Motivations for treatment and perception of information about treatment and experiences of orthodontic treatment. Results Major motivations for treatment were to have straight teeth (80%), to prevent future dental problems (69%) and to improve self-confidence (68%). Females sought treatment to improve self-confidence and their smile. Males wanted treatment to improve their social life. Most of these issues had improved following surgery. Most (94%) respondents felt well-informed about their orthodontics. However, 36% wore braces for longer than they expected. Males and younger patients knew less about the duration of treatment than other groups. Fifty-eight per cent of subjects found their braces difficult to clean and 9% reported that they were very painful. Older patients experienced fewer problems wearing braces than younger patients. Conclusions Improving dental appearance and preventing future dental problems are major motivators for orthognathic patients. Although patients felt well informed about what to expect from their orthodontic treatment, a significant proportion, particularly younger patients and males, were surprised at the length of treatment and the need to wear retainers. This suggests that orthognathic patients might benefit from better information regarding the orthodontic aspects of their care.
HLA‐DRB3*01:01 is a predictor of immunization against human platelet antigen‐1a but not of the severity of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Most cases of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) are caused by maternal alloantibodies against human platelet antigen‐1a (HPA‐1a). Alloimmunization mainly occurs in HPA‐1a–negative mothers who are carriers of the HLA‐DRB3*01:01 allele. Recently, it has been reported that the combined presence of HLA‐DRB3*01:01 and HLA‐DRB4*01:01P was associated with severity of FNAIT. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing a large cohort of cases and controls.
The Deubiquitinase OTU5 Regulates Root Responses to Phosphate Starvation1[OPEN]

The deubiquitinase OTU5 is required for the interpretation of environmental cues that alter the abundance of root hair- and chromatin-related proteins. Phosphorus, taken up by plants as inorganic phosphate (Pi), is an essential but often growth-limiting mineral nutrient for plants. As part of an orchestrated response to improve its acquisition, insufficient Pi supply triggers alterations in root architecture and epidermal cell morphogenesis. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants defective in the expression of the OVARIAN TUMOR DOMAIN-CONTAINING DEUBIQUITINATING ENZYME5 (OTU5) exhibited a constitutive Pi deficiency root phenotype, comprising the formation of long and dense root hairs and attenuated primary root growth. Quantitative protein profiling of otu5 and wild-type roots using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification methodology revealed genotype- and Pi-dependent alterations in protein profiles. In otu5 plants, Pi starvation caused a short-root-hair phenotype and decreased abundance of a suite of Pi-responsive root hair-related proteins. Mutant plants also showed the accumulation of proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and altered distribution of reactive oxygen species along the root, which may be causative for the alterations in root hair morphogenesis. The root hair phenotype of otu5 was synergistic to that of actin-related protein6 (arp6), harboring a mutation in the SWR1 chromatin-remodeling complex. Genetic analysis of otu5/arp6 double mutants suggests independent but functionally related roles of the two proteins in chromatin organization. The root hair phenotype of otu5 is not caused by a general up-regulation of the Pi starvation response, indicating that OTU5 acts downstream of or interacts with Pi signaling. It is concluded that OTU5 is involved in the interpretation of environmental information, probably by altering chromatin organization and maintaining redox homeostasis.
Oscillatory Chloride Efflux at the Pollen Tube Apex Has a Role in Growth and Cell Volume Regulation and Is Targeted by Inositol 3,4,5,6-Tetrakisphosphate Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.003830.

Oscillatory growth of pollen tubes has been correlated with oscillatory influxes of the cations Ca2+, H+, and K+. Using an ion-specific vibrating probe, a new circuit was identified that involves oscillatory efflux of the anion Cl− at the apex and steady influx along the tube starting at 12 μm distal to the tip. This spatial coupling of influx and efflux sites predicts that a vectorial flux of Cl− ion traverses the apical region. The Cl− channel blockers 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid completely inhibited tobacco pollen tube growth at 80 and 20 μM, respectively. Cl− channel blockers also induced increases in apical cell volume. The apical 50 μm of untreated pollen tubes had a mean cell volume of 3905 ± 75 μm3. DIDS at 80 μM caused a rapid and lethal cell volume increase to 6206 ± 171 μm3, which is at the point of cell bursting at the apex. DIDS was further demonstrated to disrupt Cl− efflux from the apex, indicating that Cl− flux correlates with pollen tube growth and cell volume status. The signal encoded by inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(3,4,5,6)P4] antagonized pollen tube growth, induced cell volume increases, and disrupted Cl− efflux. Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 decreased the mean growth rate by 85%, increased the cell volume to 5997 ± 148 μm3, and disrupted normal Cl− efflux oscillations. These effects were specific for Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 and were not mimicked by either Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 or Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5. Growth correlation analysis demonstrated that cycles of Cl− efflux were coupled to and temporally in phase with cycles of growth. A role for Cl− flux in the dynamic cellular events during growth is assessed. Differential interference contrast microscopy and kymographic analysis of individual growth cycles revealed that vesicles can advance transiently to within 2 to 4 μm of the apex during the phase of maximally increasing Cl− efflux, which temporally overlaps the phase of cell elongation during the growth cycle. In summary, these investigations indicate that Cl− ion dynamics are an important component in the network of events that regulate pollen tube homeostasis and growth.
Low folding propensity and high translation efficiency distinguish in vivo substrates of GroEL from other Escherichia coli proteins

MOTIVATION Theoretical considerations have indicated that the amount of chaperonin GroEL in Escherichia coli cells is sufficient to fold only approximately 2-5% of newly synthesized proteins under normal physiological conditions, thereby suggesting that only a subset of E.coli proteins fold in vivo in a GroEL-dependent manner. Recently, members of this subset were identified in two independent studies that resulted in two partially overlapping lists of GroEL-interacting proteins. The objective of the work described here was to identify sequence-based features of GroEL-interacting proteins that distinguish them from other E.coli proteins and that may account for their dependence on the chaperonin system. RESULTS Our analysis shows that GroEL-interacting proteins have, on average, low folding propensities and high translation efficiencies. These two properties in combination can increase the risk of aggregation of these proteins and, thus, cause their folding to be chaperonin-dependent. Strikingly, we find that these properties are absent in proteins homologous to the E.coli GroEL-interacting proteins in Ureaplasma urealyticum, an organism that lacks a chaperonin system, thereby confirming our conclusions.
Suppression of the Barley uroporphyrinogen III synthase Gene by a Ds Activation Tagging Element Generates Developmental Photosensitivity[W]

Chlorophyll production involves the synthesis of photoreactive intermediates that, when in excess, are toxic due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A novel, activation-tagged barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant is described that results from antisense suppression of a uroporphyrinogen III synthase (Uros) gene, the product of which catalyzes the sixth step in the synthesis of chlorophyll and heme. In homozygous mutant plants, uroporphyrin(ogen) I accumulates by spontaneous cyclization of hydroxyl methylbilane, the substrate of Uros. Accumulation of this tetrapyrrole intermediate results in photosensitive cell death due to the production of ROS. The efficiency of Uros gene suppression is developmentally regulated, being most effective in mature seedling leaves compared with newly emergent leaves. Reduced transcript accumulation of a number of nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes occurs in the mutant, even under 3% light conditions, consistent with a retrograde plastid-nuclear signaling mechanism arising from Uros gene suppression. A similar set of nuclear genes was repressed in wild-type barley following treatment with a singlet oxygen-generating herbicide, but not by a superoxide generating herbicide, suggesting that the retrograde signaling apparent in the mutant is specific to singlet oxygen.
Two-Step Regulation of LAX PANICLE1 Protein Accumulation in Axillary Meristem Formation in Rice[W]

Axillary meristem (AM) formation is an important determinant of plant architecture. In rice (Oryza sativa), LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) function is required for the generation of AM throughout the plant's lifespan. Here, we show a close relationship between AM initiation and leaf development; specifically, the plastochron 4 (P4) stage of leaf development is crucial for the proliferation of meristematic cells. Coincident with this, LAX1 expression starts in the axils of leaves at P4 stage. LAX1 mRNA accumulates in two to three layers of cells in the boundary region between the initiating AM and the shoot apical meristem. In lax1 mutants, the proliferation of meristematic cells is initiated but fails to progress into the formation of AM. The difference in sites of LAX1 mRNA expression and its action suggests non-cell-autonomous characteristics of LAX1 function. We found that LAX1 protein is trafficked to AM in a stage- and direction-specific manner. Furthermore, we present evidence that LAX1 protein movement is required for the full function of LAX1. Thus, we propose that LAX1 protein accumulates transiently in the initiating AM at P4 stage by a strict regulation of mRNA expression and a subsequent control of protein trafficking. This two-step regulation is crucial to the establishment of the new AM.
Stage-Specific Regulation of Solanum lycopersicum Leaf Maturation by Class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX Proteins[C][W]

Class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOXI) genes encode transcription factors that are expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and are essential for SAM maintenance. In some species with compound leaves, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), KNOXI genes are also expressed during leaf development and affect leaf morphology. To dissect the role of KNOXI proteins in leaf patterning, we expressed in tomato leaves a fusion of the tomato KNOXI gene Tkn2 with a sequence encoding a repressor domain, expected to repress common targets of tomato KNOXI proteins. This resulted in the formation of small, narrow, and simple leaves due to accelerated differentiation. Overexpression of the wild-type form of Tkn1 or Tkn2 in young leaves also resulted in narrow and simple leaves, but in this case, leaf development was blocked at the initiation stage. Expression of Tkn1 or Tkn2 during a series of spatial and temporal windows in leaf development identified leaf initiation and primary morphogenesis as specific developmental contexts at which the tomato leaf is responsive to KNOXI activity. Arabidopsis thaliana leaves responded to overexpression of Arabidopsis or tomato KNOXI genes during the morphogenetic stage but were largely insensitive to their overexpression during leaf initiation. These results imply that KNOXI proteins act at specific stages within the compound-leaf development program to delay maturation and enable leaflet formation, rather than set the compound leaf route.
SIMoNe: Statistical Inference for MOdular NEtworks

SUMMARY The R package SIMoNe (Statistical Inference for MOdular NEtworks) enables inference of gene-regulatory networks based on partial correlation coefficients from microarray experiments. Modelling gene expression data with a Gaussian graphical model (hereafter GGM), the algorithm estimates non-zero entries of the concentration matrix, in a sparse and possibly high-dimensional setting. Its originality lies in the fact that it searches for a latent modular structure to drive the inference procedure through adaptive penalization of the concentration matrix. AVAILABILITY Under the GNU General Public Licence at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/simone/
Fraud, Irresponsible Authorship, and Their Causes: The Pathogenesis of Fraud in Medical Science

: Using a recent case of research fraud as a basis, this article examines the pathogenesis of fraud in medical science and suggests some remedies. Among causative factors are the "pre-med syndrome," the extraordinary size of science (which makes supervision of young investigators difficult), and competition, both professional and economic. Remedies include more careful selection of personnel, reduction of excessively large research groups, and closer examination of work at all levels--the laboratory, the academic department, and the institution. Each institution should have in place mechanisms to investigate research fraud when it is uncovered.
Prevention of occupational and environmental diseases by implementation of ISO14000 and BS8800 for industries

KEY WORDS Rapid industrialization usually brings both economic development and environ-environmental diseases mental pollution, which often produces occupational diseases in the workplaceoccupational diseases and environmental diseases in the nearby community. From experience of docu-ISO 14000 menting 17 occupational diseases, we found that they resulted from a lack ofBS 8800 a comprehensive hazard communication system. The spillage of such unknownchemical hazards also produced environmental diseases for the neighbouringfactories and community. Because the general treatment of occupational andenvironmental diseases must include the identiﬁcation of hazard and taking pre-ventive procedures to avoid further exposure, it is essential to recognize andcontrol the hazard at the start of an industry. Thus, implementation of the lifecycle assessment in ISO (International Organization of Standardization) 14000series will guide an industry to identify and minimize the use of hazardouschemicals. A similar practice of risk assessment and reduction for every unit oper-ation in the production process proposed by BS (British Standard) 8800 will alsohelp to improve occupational health. Although implementation of such systemsis a voluntary compliance, actual practice demands the same systems in relatedor satellite factories and has a strong market implication.Copyright
Proceedings of the Food and Drug Administration's public workshop on new red blood cell product regulatory science 2016

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a workshop on red blood cell (RBC) product regulatory science on October 6 and 7, 2016, at the Natcher Conference Center on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Campus in Bethesda, Maryland. The workshop was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH; the Department of Defense; the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services; and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA. The workshop reviewed the status and scientific basis of the current regulatory framework and the available scientific tools to expand it to evaluate innovative and future RBC transfusion products. A full record of the proceedings is available on the FDA website (http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/NewsEvents/WorkshopsMeetingsConferences/ucm507890.htm). The contents of the summary are the authors' opinions and do not represent agency policy.
LOGICS ABOVE S4 AND THE LEBESGUE MEASURE ALGEBRA

Abstract We study the measure semantics for propositional modal logics, in which formulas are interpreted in the Lebesgue measure algebra ${\cal M}$ , or algebra of Borel subsets of the real interval [0,1] modulo sets of measure zero. It was shown in Lando (2012) and Fernández-Duque (2010) that the propositional modal logic S4 is complete for the Lebesgue measure algebra. The main result of the present paper is that every logic L above S4 is complete for some subalgebra of ${\cal M}$ . Indeed, there is a single model over a subalgebra of ${\cal M}$ in which all nontheorems of L are refuted. This work builds on recent work by Bezhanishvili, Gabelaia, & Lucero-Bryan (2015) on the topological semantics for logics above S4. In Bezhanishvili et al., (2015), it is shown that there are logics above that are not the logic of any subalgebra of the interior algebra over the real line, ${\cal B}$ (ℝ), but that every logic above is the logic of some subalgebra of the interior algebra over the rationals, ${\cal B}$ (ℚ), and the interior algebra over Cantor space, ${\cal B}\left( {\cal C} \right)$ .
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1 in Taiwan

In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) with TCF3‐PBX1 fusion is one of the most frequent translocations. Historically, it has been associated with poor prognosis. Intensive treatment, however, has improved its outcome. We determined the outcome of children with this genotype treated with contemporary intensive chemotherapy in Taiwan.