Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reasoning with Bounded Cognitive Resources

Reasoning is an essential element of intelligence. Automated reasoning in formal and symbolic systems is a major topic in computer science and artificial intelligence (AI). Programs for computer-assisted and automated theorem proving are being constructed and used by mathematicians and logicians. Recently, there has been a surge in research in inductive reasoning systems. Inductive programming is an example of applying induction to symbolic systems. Most of the reasoning systems in AI are narrow and specialized to particular tasks and domains. Research work in artificial general intelligence (AGI) aims at producing models of AI that are fully or partially independent of task types. AGI systems are ideally able to learn new knowledge and rules that were not intended during their construction. Automatic reasoning systems are traditionally developed by using heuristics to limit the computational resources. This thesis aims to produce models of reasoning that use bounded cognitive resources. Since reasoning is a cognitive function, and human cognitive resources (such as working memory) are severely restricted, one possible method of reducing the computational complexity of reasoning systems is to introduce cognitive resources in the system and put limits on them similar to human cognitive limits. Another important aim of this thesis is to unite the deductive and inductive reasoning in symbolic systems, by using Occam’s razor as a guiding principle for induction. The thesis uses an exploratory approach to search for a unified model of reasoning in arbitrary domains. This thesis is a collection of published scientific papers, each contributing iteratively to the construction of a larger and domain-independent model of reasoning in symbolic domains. The first two papers present proof formalisms for first-order logic and description logic that produce comprehensible proofs. The second part comprises of five papers, each extending a model of inductive reasoning that can learn axioms of any arbitrary symbolic domain from random examples. Some of the models in the thesis were able to outstrip human performance in arithmetic, logic and number series problems. This is an interdisciplinary thesis that contributes to a number of scientific areas, mainly formal logic and AGI. Further research in this area can potentially lead to a universal reasoner that is able to learn and reason in more complex symbolic systems such as higher order logics and computer programming.
Étude d'une plateforme à ondes acoustiques de Love pour la détection de phycotoxines dans le Bassin d'Arcachon

Ces travaux de these, finances par la Region Aquitaine et partie integrante des projets ASCOBAR et OSQUAR (2007-2009 et 2009-2011), ont ete effectues au sein du laboratoire IMS-Bordeaux (Universite Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5218) et sont le fruit de la collaboration de trois laboratoires. Ils ont vise l'etude d'une plateforme a ondes acoustiques transverses horizontales guidees, ou ondes de Love, dediee a la detection de phycotoxines responsables d'empoisonnement par consommation de chair de coquillage.Cette plateforme integre une partie microfluidique destinee a assurer un controle du flux de l'echantillon d'analyse au voisinage de l'interface sensible, tout en reduisant les volumes utilises. Des tests de detections ont ete realises, en collaboration avec le Laboratoire d'Immunologie-Parasitologie de l’Universite Bordeaux 2, en equipant le capteur d'un biorecepteur specifique de type anticorps, commercial pour la detection d'acide okadaique, ou, pour l'acide domoique, fabrique a partir d'un haptene forme avec un mimotope d'une famille de toxines du type amnesiante (ASP) synthetise par l'Institut des Sciences Moleculaires (Universite Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5255). Grâce aux efforts synergiques de ce consortium et a l'elaboration de protocoles de detections specifiques, les premiers resultats permettent de discriminer un echantillon empoisonne au seuil sanitaire, soit 0,2 ppm pour l'acide okadaique, 20 ppm pour l'acide domoique (200 ng d'acide domoique dans seulement 10 mg de chair de coquillage).
Magnetite in ALH 84001: An origin by shock‐induced thermal decomposition of iron carbonate

Abstract— In martian orthopyroxenite ALH 84001, pockets of feldspathic glass frequently contain carbonate masses that have been disrupted and dispersed within feldspathic shock melt as a result of impact(s). Transmission electron microscope studies of carbonate fragments embedded within feldspathic glass show that the fragments contain myriad, nanometer‐sized magnetite particles with cuboid, irregular, and teardrop morphologies, frequently associated with voids. The fragments of carbonate must have been incorporated into the melt at temperatures of ˜900°C, well above the upper thermal stability of siderite (FeCO3), which decomposes to produce magnetite and CO2 below ˜450°C. These observations suggest that most, if not all, of the fine‐grained magnetite associated with Fe‐bearing carbonate in ALH 84001 could have been formed as result of the thermal decomposition of the siderite (FeCO3) component of the carbonate and is not due to biological activity.
Challenges in reducing depression-related mortality in cardiac populations: cognition, emotion, fatigue or personality?

Abstract Depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients post-event; however treatment of psychological symptoms has failed to reduce cardiovascular risk. We explore depression and related constructs in terms of construct overlap and intervention potential. Certain depressive symptoms may be more important than others for increasing risk. Depressive cognitions may have lesser importance than somatic symptoms, but there is potential for designing interventions based on distorted illness perceptions. Somatic depressive symptoms and vital exhaustion are associated with increased risk. However, these symptoms may be more indicative of cardiovascular disease severity. A global tendency towards negative affectivity could account for the associations seen with negative affect states, with those of Type D personality demonstrating especially high levels of risk for morbidity/mortality. Positive emotion is associated with better outcomes, and could provide clues of how to intervene with negative emotion. Construct overlap and a dearth of theoretically based studies remain significant challenges. Future research needs to encompass all relevant variables to identify the key symptoms or symptom constellations that increase cardiovascular risk. A more sophisticated understanding of these issues can lead to more precise pinpointing of the ‘cardiotoxic’ aspects of psychological status, and ultimately to more refined interventions.
Health, Health Insurance, and Retirement: A Survey

The degree to which retirement decisions are driven by health is a key concern for both academics and policy makers. In this review, we survey the economic literature on the health–retirement link in developed countries. We describe the mechanisms through which health affects labor supply and discuss how these mechanisms interact with public pensions and public health insurance. The historical evidence suggests that health is not the primary source of variation in retirement across countries and over time. Furthermore, the decline of health with age can only explain a small share of the decline in employment near retirement age. Health considerations nonetheless play an important role, especially in explaining cross-sectional variation in employment and other outcomes within countries. We review the mechanisms through which health affects retirement and discuss recent empirical analyses.
A small jet in Chamaeleon I powered by a low-luminosity source

We report the discovery of a small bipolar Herbig-Haro jet, HH 872, powered by the low-luminosity source ESO-H α 574 in Chamaeleon I. The end-to-end projected size of the jet in [SII] images is only 3150 AU. Infrared images marginally resolve the central source showing a structure elongated perpendicularly to the jet axis, possibly a disk seen at a large angle with respect to the plane of the sky. The brightest feature of the jet, peaking at a distance of $1''6$ from the central source, is likely to result from enhanced outflow activity in the last decade.
Research with a farming systems perspective at ILCA

ILCA HAS USED a systems approach to research since the Centre was established. This strategy was adopted because of the original belief that technical answers were available for many of the problems limiting Africa's livestock development, but that not enough was known about the functioning of the production systems and how to introduce change in them. A better understanding of the systems and adaptive research were necessary to identify relevant improvements.
Social Engagement Behaviors of Two Children with ASD in Intervention Sessions Using a Robot

Social Engagement Behaviors of Two Children with ASD in Intervention Sessions Using a Robot Stacey M. Richey Department of Communication Disorders, BYU Master of Science This study focuses on the use of a humanoid robot to facilitate the initiation of social engagement behaviors in two children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Approximately 10 minutes of a 50-minute treatment session were devoted to interaction using a humanoid robot, Troy, to facilitate interactions with a graduate clinician or caretaker. These interactions were recorded, analyzed, and coded in 5 s intervals. This study focused specifically on the children’s initiations of social engagement behaviors. Results suggested that the robot had potential to facilitate social engagement between the children and the adults.
Formulation and Evaluation of Compressed Coat Tablets of Naproxen for Colon Targeting

The present endeavor was directed towards fabrication of the novel drug delivery system of naproxen. The fast disintegrating core tablets of Naproxen were prepared by direct compression technique. These tablets were coated with Guar gum& Xanthan gum (Polysaccharide polymer). The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, swelling index, drug content, in vitro release studies. In vitro drug release studies were carried out in presence and absence of rat cecal contents and revealed that Guar gum & Xanthan gum, when used as compression coating, protected the drug from being released in the upper parts of the gastro intestinal tract (GIT). Completely protected the drug from being released in the upper parts of the GIT, and released the drug only in the colon by bacterial degradation of gums. It was found that the polysaccharide polymer Guar gum & Xanthan gum completely protect the drug release in the upper digestive tract and exhibited different release profiles in presence and absence of rat cecal contents. Hence, Guar gum & Xanthan gum can be used for targeting the drug to the colon for controlling the release of drugs.
Algorithm for Feature Extraction of Heart Sound Signal Based on Sym7 Wavelet

In order to extract pathological features of heart sound signal accurately, an algorithm for extracting the sub-band energy is developed based on the wavelet packet analysis. Through the spectrum analysis of heart sound signal, the sym7 wavelet, with high energy concentration and good time localization, is taken as the mother function, and the best wavelet packet basis of heart sound signal is picked out. Then, various heart sound signals are decomposed into four levels and the wavelet packet coefficients of the best basis are obtained. According to the equal-value relation between wavelet packet coefficients and signal energy in time domain, the normalized sub-band energy of the best basis is extracted as the feature vector. The mean of class separability measure is 3.049, which indicates that the algorithm is effective for feature extraction of heart sound signal.
USERS ACCEPTANCE OF LOCATION-BASED MARKETING APPS IN TOURISM SECTOR: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS

Mobile devices are the most used technology tools to access the Internet since they allow access from anywhere. This possibility has prompted companies to focus, to a greater extent, strategies based on geolocation marketing. Geolocation is a tool through which people or places can be located and have very diverse functionalities and applications. LocationBased Services (LBS) allow businesses to incorporate these types of tools into their digital marketing strategies. Social networks based on location services (LBSNS or Location-Based Social Network System) allow businesses to access information on the location of customers in real time. The present study provides more information on LBS and geolocation marketing, also known as geomarketing, analyzing the utility and benefits that this tool has to digital marketing and social networks and the importance of its technological adoption. To achieve this objective, a thorough review of technology adoption literature was carried out and a series of interviews were made with experts and professionals in its two aspects: digital marketing and information technologies. The results show the way in the tourism sector, these tools are managed, the means in which they are active, the LBS systems used, the utility and benefits they perceive from them, as well as the importance and efforts that they dedicate to them. This study reaches relevant conclusions for tourism professionals interested in incorporating LBS and geomarketing strategies into their businesses, as well as researchers interested in the behavior in Location-Based Services.
Absolute memory for melody : a study with choir singers

A number of recent recognition and production studies using classical music, pop songs, and folk songs suggest that longterm memory retains more than only relational information on stored melodies: Non-musicians and non-AP-possessors seem to be able to recall absolute pitches and absolute tempo. Here, choir singers were tested on memory for the key of wellrehearsed pieces. Two groups of participants were asked to reproduce choir-pieces from memory 5 and 10 months after the concert, respectively. Results support the notion of accurate starting pitches being stored in long-term memory.
Kristoffer Frösing

Both momentum and contrarian strategies have shown to provide investors with high riskadjusted returns when applied on daily, weekly and monthly data. This study examines the effect of the underreaction phenomenon on the US NASDAQ stock market between November 2016 and February 2017. I implement a simple relative strength strategy, which identifies the strongest and weakest performing stocks and invest in the assets momentum. The portfolios formed yields abnormal risk-adjusted returns during mid-day trading when applied to intraday data. These abnormal returns are consistent when market frictions are low, and after testing for market, size and value factors.
Novel Metaphor Extensions in Political Satire

Despite divergent approaches to studying metaphor, researchers share a common point of origin; namely that metaphor involves some manner of transfer or sharing of qualities between categories. Research from the experimental psycholinguistic perspective has attempted to answer which qualities are shared or transferred and how this process occurs. Another point of agreement is that not all qualities of Category A will be blended with or transferred to category B, as that would produce tautology rather than metaphor. Our goal in this project is to examine what happens to the conceptual elements from Categories A and B that do not seem to contribute to a familiar conceptual metaphor. This is perhaps similar to the merging of two corporations, which inevitably renders some employees redundant and some positions obsolete. Nonetheless, these employees may still be vibrant and effective workers if an appropriate role is found. Similarly, with respect to metaphor, it is our thesis that a skilled individual can scavenge through these unused concepts to create novel and surprisingly apt expressions. Furthermore, these metaphors can be used to poke fun of more traditional conceptual blends or mappings, while revealing an element of truth. The specific genres we examine are mainstream broadcast journalism and the media that satirize it.
Software Product Lines: Source Code Organization for 3-tier OLTP Architecture Systems

Abstract. T his paper proposes the use of 3-tier class of system as core software architecture for building Software Product Lines (SPL). A base for building a SPL is commonality among software products based on 3-tier architecture, use of available industry frameworks, development organization’s “glue” code and developed services needed by most of the software products within the proposed SPL. A software development organization specialized to develop 3-tier (logical tier s ) client - server applications for different kind of industries such as: banking, tourism , telecommunications, etc . , can benefit fr o m adopting SPL principles. SPL assumes management of commonality and variability among applications belonging to 3-tier SPL. This paper focuses on benefits from well structured source code organization architecture for 3-tier class of system which is based on SPL principles. To illustrate the approach, this paper presents a usage of 3-tier for On Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) software product line, based on Java technology which serves as the implementation platform.
Improving Web Image Search Re-ranking

Nowadays, web-scale image search engines (e.g. Google Image Search, Microsoft Live Image Search) rely almost purely on surrounding text features. This leads to the ambiguous and noisy results. We propose an adaptive visual similarity to re-rank the text based search results. A query image is first categorized as one of several predefined intention categories, and a specific similarity measure has been used inside each of category to combine the image features for re-ranking based on the query image. The Extensive experiments demonstrate that using this algorithm to filter output of Google Image Search and Microsoft Live Image Search is a practical and effective way to dramatically improve the user’s experience.
An intermediate-velocity H i cloud falling to the galactic disk; Possible evidence for low-metallicity H i gas originating outside the galactic disk

We found that an intermediate-velocity cloud (IVC), IVC 86−36, in H i 21 cm emission shows a head–tail distribution toward the Galactic plane with marked parallel filamentary streamers, which is extended over 40° in the sky. The distance of IVC 86−36 is constrained to be less than ∼3 kpc from absorption of a background star as determined from optical spectroscopy. There is a bridge feature in velocity between the IVC and the local interstellar medium with velocity separation of ∼50 km s−1, which may indicate dynamical interaction of the IVC with the disk. If the interaction is correct, the distance estimate d of the IVC ranges from 200 pc to 3 kpc, and the mass of the IVC head is estimated to be $7\times 10^3(d/1\:\mbox{kpc})^2\, M_{\odot }$. The IVC shares similar properties to the Smith Cloud located at 12 kpc, including the head–tail distribution, streamers, and bridge feature, while the mass of the IVC is less than ∼0.1 of the Smith Cloud. A comparison between the H i and the Planck/IRAS dust emission indicates that the dust emission of IVC 86−36 is not detectable in spite of its H i column density of 2 × 1020 cm−2, indicating a low metallicity for IVC 86−36, reduced by a factor of $\lesssim \! \! 0.2$ as compared with the solar neighbor. We conclude that IVC 86−38 is an infalling cloud which likely originated in the low-metallicity environment of the Galactic halo or the Magellanic system.
Estimation of the error autocorrelation matrix in semiparametric model for fMRI data

: In statistical analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), dealing with the temporal correlation is a major challenge in assessing changes within voxels. This paper aims to address this issue by considering a semiparametric model for single-voxel fMRI. For the error process in the semiparametric model with autocorrelation matrix R , we adopt the diﬀerence-based method to construct a banded estimate b R of R , and propose a reﬁned estimate b R (cid:0) 1 (cid:3) of R (cid:0) 1 . Under mild regularity conditions, we establish consistency of b R and b R (cid:3) with explicit convergence rates. We also demonstrate convergence of b R (cid:0) 1 (cid:3) in mean square under the L 1 norm, though this convergence property does not hold for b R (cid:0) 1 . Data-driven procedures for choosing the banding parameter and reﬁning the estimate are developed, and simulation studies reveal their satisfactory performance. Numerical results suggest that b R (cid:0) 1 (cid:3) performs well when applied to the semiparametric test statistics for detecting brain activity.
Simple mathematical models on macrophages and CTL responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Resumen En este trabajo se formulan cuatro modelos matematicos que intentan describir aspectos basicos de la dinamica de la infeccion con el Micobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) en diferentes etapas. El proposito de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de la respuesta de las celulas T y los macrofagos en el control del Mtb. Abstract In this work we formulate fourth mathematical models trying to describe basic aspects into the dynamics of theMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection at different stages. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the response of T cells and macrophages in the control of Mtb.
Blood glucose monitoring techniques: recent advances, challenges and future perspectives

Blood glucose monitor is a fundamental tool to maintain and control blood glucose levels for routine management of diabetes and complications associated with it. There have been continuous scientific advances and achievements in biosensors for the development of comprehensive glucose monitoring systems since last few decades. Portable, accurate, and reliable glucose monitoring devices with advanced features have been developed in recent years. However, invasive glucose monitors remained the most dominant devices on the market. Commercialization of clinically accurate and dependable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring devices still require rigorous works and further studies in sensor technologies. The aim of this article is to bring current updates and recent progress in electrochemical glucose sensing and non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques along with their merits and limitations. We present their key challenges and address future prospects of non-invasive glucose monitoring.
Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in porcine hepatic tissue using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

multiple uniformly expressed reference genes is becoming the standard, although the most suitable reference genes dependent on the used experimental factors as well as the tissue or cell type studied. In this study, the stability of various reference genes was investigated in porcine hepatic tissue. The study was conducted on Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Pietrain, Pulawska and Duroc pigs
Remarks on the Reproduction, Sex Ratio, and Life Expectancy of the Varying Lemming, Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus , in Nature and Captivity

Contains results of a study between Sept. 1949 and Sept. 1953, of a colony started from 16 Greenland varying lemmings and one Mackenzie varying lemming (D.g. kilangmiutak ). Records of the colony are compared with field observations and more detailed work done on related genera. Subjects discussed include: age of sexual maturity, litter size, gestation period and litter frequency, sex ratios, care of young, life expectancy and disease.