Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Technological Approaches in Reducing Maternal Mortality: An Integrative Review

Aim: To analyze the role of available health technologies and techniques in reducing the number of women dying during pregnancy and childbirth. Background: Health condition of women during pregnancy and childbirth is very sensitive. During this period, proper and timely care plays an important role in reducing maternal mortality. Design: Whitte more and Knal’s framework for integrative reviews was followed in the review. PUBMED/MEDLINE, CINHAL and COCHRANE were searched for published studies between 2008 and 2015. Studies included were systematic reviews, randomized control trials, prospective cohort study, literature review and descriptive studies. Methods: 28 articles were selected to be included in the review. An integrative review approach was followed to analyze data and draw conclusions. Screening of titles and abstracts along with data extraction was completed by two authors independently. Study quality is not reported because of the methodological difficulties. Data synthesis consists of writing descriptive summaries and thematic analysis of the key findings in the included articles. Results: The included studies were based on health technologies and techniques including different devices and tools, medication and drugs, massage techniques, immersion in water, intervention radiology, simulations and training for the health professional. Conclusion: There are numerous health technologies and techniques which are relatively simple to develop, effective to use and safe to apply with no adverse effects. These include simulations and training programs, educational and awareness programs, decision support tools and information systems. Besides these, there are technologies and techniques which show promising results with no or very little adverse effects. These include Active management of the third stage of labour, use of magnesium sulphate, uterine balloon tamponade, wearable cardiac defibrillator and non-pneumatic anti-shock garment. The government, hospitals and care providers should make policies to develop and implement such type of technologies and techniques.
Ranking the vertices of a weighted digraph using the length of forward arcs

Let D = (V, A) be a weighted digraph with vertex set V and arc set A, and let α be a one-to-one mapping from V onto the set of integers {1, 2, …, |V|}. A mapping α is called a ranking of D. According to a ranking α, the arc set A is naturally partitioned into the set of forward arcs of α and that of backward ones. By using these subsets of rankings, we define three kinds of optimal rankings: forward optimal rankings, backward optimal rankings, and mutual optimal rankings. Since many results on the backward optimal rankings are already known, we mainly discuss the properties of the forward optimal rankings and the mutual ones in the present article.
Analytical approach to the MR signal

In this work, an analytical evaluation of the MR signal is presented using the principle of reciprocity for any transmit and receive probe(s) with general geometrical structure(s). It is shown that the excitation of the spins cannot be explained using the principle of reciprocity in its standard form due to the asymmetry in the permeability tensor of the transverse magnetization. In the reception problem, the standard form of the principle of reciprocity is then utilized to calculate the NMR signal. As expected, the analysis shows that the strength of the NMR signal is a function of the receive coil's (fictitious) circularly polarized component of the field that poses an opposite sense of rotation to that corresponding with the excitation field, produced by the same coil, if it were to be used for excitation. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plate-boundary earthquakes and tsunamis of the past 5500 yr, Sixes River estuary, southern Oregon

Eleven plate-boundary earthquakes over the past 5500 yr have left a stratigraphic signature in coastal wetland sediments at the lower Sixes River valley in south coastal Oregon. Within a 1.8 km2 abandoned meander valley, 10 buried wetland soils record gradual and abrupt relative sea-level changes back in time to ;6000 yr ago. An additional, youngest buried soil at the mouth of the Sixes River subsided during the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that tectonic subsidence caused soil burial, including permanent relative sea-level rise following burial, lateral continuity of buried soil horizons over hundreds of meters, diatom assemblages showing that sea level rose abruptly at least 0.5 m, and sand deposits on top of buried soils demonstrating coincidence of coseismic subsidence and tsunami inundation. For at least two of the buried soils, liquefaction of sediment accompanied subsidence. The 11 soil-burial events took place between 300 and ;5400 yr ago, yielding an average recurrence interval of plateboundary earthquakes of ;510 yr. Comparing paleoseismic sites in southern Washington and south coastal Oregon with the Sixes River site for the past 3500 yr indicates that the number and timing of recorded plate-boundary earthquakes are not the same at all sites. In particular, a Sixes earthquake at ;2000 yr ago lacks a likely correlative in southern Washington. Therefore, unlike the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake, some Cascadia plate-boundary earthquakes do not rupture the entire subduction zone from southern Oregon to southern Washington. In the lower Sixes River valley, the upperplate Cape Blanco anticline deforms sediment of late Pleistocene and Holocene age directly above the subduction zone. Differential tectonic subsidence occurred during two of the plate-boundary earthquakes when a blind, upper-plate reverse fault, for which the Cape Blanco anticline is the surface fold, slipped coseismically with rupture of the plate boundary. During these two earthquakes, sites ;2 km from the anticline axis subsided ;0.5 m more than sites ;1 km from the axis.
CPW-fed folded slot dipole antenna for mobile handset applications

A folded slot dipole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide for mobile handset applications is proposed. By folding up the uniplanar CPW-fed dual-band slot dipole antenna over to the other plane and using six via holes to connect the upper and lower metal plates, the total antenna area can be reduced with a small height and additional resonant modes generated. The proposed antenna including the ground plane has a total size of 95 × 55 × 2.2 mm3. The bandwidths of this antenna can cover the GSM900/1800/1900/GPS/WCDMA/WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. Moreover, this antenna has symmetrical structure, mainly slot resonant modes, and omni-directional radiation patterns in the horizontal planes, which are very desirable for mobile applications.
Oxidation of P700 in Photosystem I Is Essential for the Growth of Cyanobacteria1[OPEN]

Oxidation of P700 in photosystem I prevents the photoinhibition of photosystem I to enable cyanobacteria to grow under ambient [CO2]. The photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) is lethal to oxygenic phototrophs. Nevertheless, it is unclear how photodamage occurs or how oxygenic phototrophs prevent it. Here, we provide evidence that keeping P700 (the reaction center chlorophyll in PSI) oxidized protects PSI. Previous studies have suggested that PSI photoinhibition does not occur in the two model cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, when photosynthetic CO2 fixation was suppressed under low CO2 partial pressure even in mutants deficient in flavodiiron protein (FLV), which mediates alternative electron flow. The lack of FLV in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (S. 7002), however, is linked directly to reduced growth and PSI photodamage under CO2-limiting conditions. Unlike Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and S. elongatus PCC 7942, S. 7002 reduced P700 during CO2-limited illumination in the absence of FLV, resulting in decreases in both PSI and photosynthetic activities. Even at normal air CO2 concentration, the growth of S. 7002 mutant was retarded relative to that of the wild type. Therefore, P700 oxidation is essential for protecting PSI against photoinhibition. Here, we present various strategies to alleviate PSI photoinhibition in cyanobacteria.
Simultaneous activity and crystal efficiencies reconstruction: TOF patient-based detector Quality Control

PET scanner calibration is a routine procedure that is performed on a daily basis. In Siemens scanners, for example, data are acquired for about 20-30 minutes using a 20 cm diameter uniform cylinder. Assuming a known object, the estimation of a crystal efficiencies normalization component is carried out, since the rest of the normalization components are fixed for a given scanner type. Recently it was demonstrated that each line of response (LOR), attenuation can be estimated from time of flight (TOF) data of an unknown object. The formalism can be applied to a normalization array estimation instead of to attenuation. The normalization array can be further constrained by crystal efficiencies as unknowns. Therefore, scanner performance can be monitored as patient scans occur, eliminating the need for the frequent calibration scan. We propose a monotonic iterative algorithm for the estimation of crystal efficiencies simultaneous with patient activity, based on the TOF Poisson Maximum Likelihood Model. The method produces a non-negative efficiencies solution and is applicable to compressed data, such as azimuthally (possibly TOF) mashed and axially (possibly TOF) rebinned data. Patient data from a Siemens mCT scanner were used to validate the algorithm's performance. The proposed method produced crystal efficiencies maps similar to those of the daily scans.
Innate Immunity: A Potent Target for Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The gastrointestinal tract is a unique organ that cooperates with commensal flora to maintain physiological homeostasis. A layer of mucosa forms the interface between the host and the luminal contents where an elaborate immune system allows co-existence of diverse microorganisms and dietary antigens. The mucosal immunity regulates tolerance to commensal microorganisms while inducing effector immunity to pathogens through a fine interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses. In this process, innate immunity is responsible for recognition of microorganisms and initiation of effector and/or regulatory adaptive immune responses. Therefore, innate immunity is crucial for regulation of luminal microorganisms to maintain mucosal homeostasis.
Plantar pressure monitoring by developing a real-time wireless system

Ability to walk plays an important role in human daily activities. During walking, the pressure pattern of the sole of the foot contains valuable information about the anatomic and physiologic situation of the body. Plantar pressure measurement systems can provide this information for scientists. In this paper, a device developed to measure plantar pressure and wirelessly transmit the data to a host computer is introduced in details. The pressure sensors are placed in a normal shoe. 32 force sensitive resistors (FSRs) are arranged in different areas of the insole of the shoe. An ARM-based microcontroller converts the plantar pressure to a digital pattern. This pattern is then transmitted to a host laptop, by means of a RF module. This device can be used outdoors and the shoe-wearing subjects can easily walk up to 60 meter far from the laptop. A graphical user interface (GUI) is designed to manage displaying and saving process of the received data and also to role in calibrating sequence of the FSRs. The system was tested by 5 volunteers and its abilities were successfully verified.
Expression of E and P-cadherin by melanoma cells decreases in progressive melanomas and following ultraviolet radiation.

The purpose of our study was to determine whether the degree of E- and P-cadherin expression in melanomas correlates with the invasive behavior of the clinical lesions from which the cell lines were derived. Cadherins comprise a family of calcium-dependent cellular adhesion molecules expressed on most cell types that form solid tissues. In the human epidermis, melanocyte cadherin expression may function to maintain the integrity of the epidermal-melanin unit. Employing both immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, we localized and quantitated E- and P-cadherin expression on melanoma cell lines derived from primary or metastatic lesions using the monoclonal antibodies HECD-1 and NNC-CAD-299, respectively. Human epidermal melanocytes isolated from neonatal foreskin were evaluated by similar techniques and served as a biologic control. Melanoma cell lines were isolated from primary or metastatic lesions of patients described as having "early," "intermediate," or "advanced disease. " Melanoma E- and P-cadherin immunofluorescence, as quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorter, varied inversely with disease progression. Selected log mean ratios of E-cadherin fluorescence, as compared to human epidermal melanocytes (arbitrarily = 1), ranged from 1.04 in the WM 35 melanoma cell line (low invasive potential) to 0.1 and 0.02 in the WM 983A and 1361A melanoma cell lines (derived from primary lesions with metastases), respectively. Although values for P-cadherin fluorescence were less, the trend of decreasing cadherin amounts with more advanced disease was observed. Melanoma cells appear to express E- and P-cadherin levels inversely related to disease progression. Ultraviolet radiation significantly decreased E- and P-cadherin expression in the human epidermal melanocytes and P-cadherin expression in the WM 35 melanoma cell line (p < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, E-cadherin expression in the WM 35 melanoma cell line decreased substantially. Thus, ultraviolet radiation may have a direct effect on human epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cell attachment through cadherins within the epidermis or tumor nodules.
Mitochondrial genomes of a bandicoot and a brushtail possum confirm the monophyly of australidelphian marsupials

Recent molecular analyses suggest that the position of bandicoots is the major difficulty in determining the root of the tree of extant marsupials. To resolve this, we analyse mitochondrial genome sequences of a bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) and a brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) together with the previously available marsupial mitochondrial genomes, the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and the wallaroo (Macropus robustus). Analyses of mitochondrial protein–coding and RNA genes strongly support the bandicoot as sister to the wallaroo and the brushtail possum. This result, combined with other recent molecular analyses, confirms the monophyly of Australidelphia (Australasian marsupials plus Dromiciops from South America). Further, RY coding was found to nullify AGCT coding nucleotide composition bias.
[Capsule endoscopy in patients with cardiac pacemakers: current situation in Germany].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The study evaluated the actually experience of capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with electrical implants (cardiac pacemaker/defibrillator) in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS A standardized questionnaire was sent to all centers in Germany doing capsule endoscopy. The questionnaire covers the number of examined patients, monitoring during CE, check of the electric implants before and after CE, occurrence of arrhythmia, quality of CE-video, complications, location and indication of CE. RESULTS The questionnaire was sent to 154 hospitals and 51 surgeries. 43% of the questionnaires were sent back to our hospital. In 28 centers 45 Patients with a cardiac pacemaker (CP) and 8 patients with a defibrillator (ICD) were examined with CE. There were no relevant complications. In only two cases supraventricular extrasystoles were seen. 93% of patients with a cardiac pacemaker and 67% of the patients with a defibrillator were examined in a hospital. The predominant indication (patients with CP 86%, patients with ICD 67%) was a gastrointestinal bleeding. CONCLUSION There are limited experiences of CE in patients with electric implants in Germany. Domain of CE is the diagnostic of gastrointestinal bleeding. Through the results of the inquiry you can conclude that CE in patients with cardiac pacemakers seems to be acceptable in the clinics.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mullerian Duct Anomalies of the Uterus

Congenital uterine anomalies (mullerian duct anomalies) comprise a spectrum of developmental malformations associated with varying degrees of adverse reproductive outcomes. Although traditionally diagnosed by hysterosalpingography or ultrasound, further elaboration of the findings frequently was performed with laparoscopy/laparotomy and hysteroscopy. The need for diagnostic surgical intervention has largely been eclipsed with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging, which has become the imaging modality of choice for characterization of congenital mullerian anomalies.
Analysis of Tweets Related to Cyberbullying: Exploring Information Diffusion and Advice Available for Cyberbullying Victims

The use of Twitter, especially by teenagers and young people, has raised the issue of cyberbullying. There is a lack of research into what types of advice and support are available in tweets for cyberbullying victims, and into the features influencing the spread of tweets related to cyberbullying. In this study, 7,315 tweets associated with cyberbullying were extracted and analysed. The results highlighted that tweets containing features such as a higher number of URLs, hashtags, or followers did not necessarily lead to a higher number of retweets. Sentiment analysis of the tweets presented both positive and negative sentiments from users towards cyberbullying. This study manually sampled 400 tweets for content analysis. Tweets covered a variety of areas associated with cyberbullying ranging from user opinions to news events. Results showed that 33% of tweets contained advice and support for cyberbullying victims. These tweets produced the highest number of retweets in comparison with tweets covering other areas associated with cyberbullying.
Abstract versus concrete goals: personal striving level, physical illness, and psychological well-being.

This study examined the relation between personal striving level and psychological and physical well-being. Level refers to the degree of generality versus specificity of one's goal strivings. In 3 studies, 188 Ss generated lists of their personal strivings, which were then rated on specificity level. High-level striving was associated with more psychological distress, particularly depression. Low-level striving was related to higher levels of physical illness. Correlations between striving level and self-reported symptoms were generally not as strong as those between level and the more objective illness indicators. High-level strivings were seen as more difficult and requiring more effort than low-level strivings. Results are interpreted in terms of control theory, goal-setting theory, and the repressive personality style.
Wirkung von Bt-Mais-Pollen auf Raupen des Tagpfauenauges im Laborversuch

Zusammenfassung:Larven des Tagpfauenauges (Inachis io) wurden in Laborversuchen ohne Auswahlmöglichkeit mit Pollen von transgenem Mais der Linie Bt-176 gefüttert, indem Pollen der Sorte Pactol CB auf Brennnessel-Blätter (Urtica dioica) appliziert wurde. Junglarven (L2) zeigten im Vergleich zu unbehandelten Kontrolltieren bei einer akuten Dosis von 80 Pollenkörnern pro Larve eine signifikant erhöhte Mortalität von 62,3%. Aber bereits ab einer Dosis von zehn Pollen wuchsen die Tiere deutlich langsamer als die Kontrolllarven. Der auf Basis der applizierten Pollenmenge errechnete LD50 Wert beträgt für Raupen des zweiten Larvalstadiums 61,4 Pollenkörner (95% Vertrauensbereich: 29,3 – 88,7). Bei älteren Raupen (L3 und L4) konnte selbst bei einer Menge von 80 Pollenkörnern pro Larve keine erhöhte Sterblichkeit festgestellt werden. Allerdings erreichten diese Individuen nur 75,6% des Gewichts-Zuwachses der Kontrollgruppe. Pollen der nicht-transgenen Sorte Pactol schädigte weder Jung- noch Altlarven, selbst wenn er in sehr hohen Dosen verabreicht wurde. Es werden Maßnahmen diskutiert, die eine Gefährdung von Tagpfauenaugen-Populationen infolge des Anbaus von Bt-Mais vermindern könnten. Hierzu zählen das Anlegen einer Mantelsaat, sowie die Verwendung von Linien mit geringer Toxinexpression im Pollen.Summary:Larvae of Inachis io were fed with pollen of transgenic maize (event Bt-176) in no choice tests, by applying pollen to leaves of nettle plants (Urtica dioica). Compared with the untreated control, 2nd instar larvae showed a significantly increased mortality of 62,3%, if they received 80 pollen grains of the transgenic cultivar Pactol CB. Even a low dose of 10 pollen grains per larva caused a distinct reduction in weight gain. LD50 value for 2nd instar larvae was calculated as 61,4 pollen grains (95% confidence limits: 29,3 to 88,7). 3rd and 4th instar larvae, on the other hand, didn't show an increased mortality, if they consumed 80 pollen grains. However, these caterpillars only reached 75,6% weight gain, compared with untreated individuals. Pollen from the non transgenic hybrid Pactol didn't harm either younger or older larvae, even it was consumed in extremely high doses. Finally it is discussed, if it is possible to reduce negative effects of Bt-maize cultivation on Inachis io populations by using cultivars with low toxin expression in the pollen or by planting non-transgenic maize around Bt-corn fields.
Response of mouse graafian follicles in organ culture to varying doses of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

The response of mouse ovaries maintained in organ culture to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was assessed using quantitative histological and radioimmunoassay techniques. In terms of the induction of preovulatory maturation in follicular oocytes, 1 mugFSH/ml medium was as effective as 10 mugLH/ml. The lowest doses of HCG and LH used (0.2 i.u./ml and 1 mug/ml respectively) had no effect on oocyte maturation, whereas the response to FSH WAS VIRTUALLY UNCHANGED IRRESPECTIVE OF DOSE (1-10 MUG/ML). When the level of progesterone in the medium at the end of organ culture was used as an index of ovarian response, LH was more effective than FSH and HCG, although all the hormones induced a significant increase, irrespective of dose. These results are discussed in terms of the mode of action of gonadotrophins in the processes culminating in ovulation.
Unsupervised sample reduction using clustering for intrusion detection system

Analysis of network traffics, financial transactions, and mobile communications are examples of applications where examining all samples of a large dataset is computationally expensive, and requires significant memory space. A common approach to address this challenge is to reduce the number of samples without compromising the accuracy of the analysis. In this paper, we propose a new cluster-based sample reduction method which is unsupervised, geometric, and density-based. The original data is initially divided into clusters, and each cluster is divided into “portions” as the areas between two concentric circles. Then, using the proposed geometric-based formulas, the selection value of each sample belonging to a specific portion is calculated. Samples are then selected from the original data according to the corresponding calculated selection value. We demonstrate that the reduced dataset has similar sample scattering as that of the original dataset.
On the statistical mechanics of optimization problems of the travelling salesman type

We show that two very different temperature regimes exist for problems of the travelling salesman type, and that the annealed approximation is valid for the high-temperature regime. Random-link models are introduced, for which upper and lower bounds on the free energy are obtained in the low-temperature regime. A soluble model is presented, which possesses a phase transition strongly reminiscent of the spin-glass transition.