Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.

BACKGROUND In adults the metabolic syndrome imposes a substantial risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and premature coronary heart disease. Even so, no national estimate is currently available of the prevalence of this syndrome in adolescents. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and distribution of a metabolic syndrome among adolescents in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING Analyses of cross-sectional data obtained from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), which was administered to a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States. PARTICIPANTS Male and female respondents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 2430). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence and distribution of a metabolic syndrome among US adolescents, using the National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) definition modified for age. RESULTS The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among adolescents aged 12 to 19 years was 4.2%; 6.1% of males and 2.1% of females were affected (P=.01). The syndrome was present in 28.7% of overweight adolescents (body mass index [BMI], >/=95th percentile) compared with 6.8% of at-risk adolescents (BMI, 85th to <95th percentile) and 0.1% of those with a BMI below the 85th percentile (P<.001). Based on population-weighted estimates, approximately 910 000 US adolescents have the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Perhaps 4% of adolescents and nearly 30% of overweight adolescents in the United States meet these criteria for a metabolic syndrome, a constellation of metabolic derangements associated with obesity. These findings may have significant implications for both public health and clinical interventions directed at this high-risk group of mostly overweight young people.
Box-like filter response of two-dimensional array of microring resonator fabricated in silicon-on-insulator technology

We show theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that box-like response can be obtained using 2D arrays of microring resonator. The box-like response is manifested from the complementary photonic bandgap properties of the column and row configurations. The observed sidelobe suppression is ~10 dB, while the usable bandwidth can be as high as 500 to 750 GHz.
Anti-complement Strategies in Experimental Sepsis

Using the cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in rodents, evidence was obtained for excessive activation of the complement system, which leads to nearly total loss of innate immune protective functions of blood neutrophils. These defects are associated with profound defects in chemotaxis, respiratory burst (H2O2 production) and phagocytosis. The molecular mechanisms of these defects are linked to the complement activation product C5a. In CLP rats and mice, the C5a receptor (C5aR) is widely up-regulated in organs, in part owing to the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The up-regulation of C5aR in the thymus is linked to C5a-dependent induction of apoptosis in thymocytes, as revealed by caspase activation, increased binding of C5a and DNA laddering. Such events in thymocytes are prevented if rats first are treated with anti-C5a or with anti-C5aR at the time of CLP. Treatment of CLP rats and mice with anti-C5a, anti-IL-6 or anti-C5aR dramatically improves survival rates after CLP, indicating a linkage between C5a and C5aR in the harmful outcomes of sepsis in rodents. Studies are underway in humans with sepsis to determine whether similar mechanisms are in play.
Long-term Follow-up After Ileorectal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: A GETAID/GETAID Chirurgie Multicenter Retrospective Cohort of 343 Patients

Objectives: To determine the cumulative incidence and the prognostic factors of ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) failure after colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Background: Although ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is recommended after colectomy for UC, IRA is still performed. Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study, which included patients with IRA for UC performed between 1960 and 2014. IRA failure was defined as secondary proctectomy and/or rectal cancer occurrence. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox-proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 343 patients from 13 French centers were included. Median follow up after IRA was 10.6 years. IRA failure rates were estimated at 27.0% (95% confidence interval, CI, 22–32) and 40.0% (95% CI 33–47) at 10 and 20 years, respectively. Median survival time without IRA failure was estimated at 26.8 years. Two thirds of secondary proctectomies were performed for refractory proctitis, and 20% for rectal neoplasia. Univariate analysis identified factors associated with IRA failure: IRA performed after 2005, a longer duration of disease at the time of IRA, indication for colectomy and having received immunomodulative agents before IRA. In multivariate analysis, treatment with both immunosuppressant (IS) and anti-TNF before colectomy was independently associated with IRA failure (HR=2.9, 95% CI 1.2–7.1). Conversely, colectomy for severe acute colitis was associated with decreased risk of IRA failure (HR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.97). Discussion: Patients with UC have a high risk of IRA failure, particularly when colectomy is performed for refractory disease. However, IRA could be discussed after colectomy for severe acute colitis, or in patients naive to IS and anti-TNF.
Real-Time 3D Video Synthesis from Binocular Stereo Camera

In this paper, an efficient method to synthesize 3D video in real-time from binocular stereo camera is presented. Our stereo camera consists of two pre-calibrated cameras with the optical axis perpendicular to the camera displacement. While much work has been done on stereo processing recently, most of them are focused on high-quality depth map generation, which are usually time-consuming and unsuitable for on-line processing. In our method, we apply a dynamic programming based stereo matching algorithm to compute the dense depth map on the fly. A fast depth image based rendering algorithm is subsequently developed to render several virtual views. Compared to other similar work, our method can synthesize 3D video of good performance in real-time on commodity PCs. Besides, benefiting from the well organized system architecture, our scheme is flexible for various 3D displays. Experimental results show that our method enables effective synthesis of 3D video in real-time.
The position of the tongue during rooting reflexes elicited in newborn infants before the first suckle

A common breast‐feeding problem is when the infant “places its tongue in its palate” and has difficulties in attaching to its mother's nipple. The aim of this study was to document the position of the tongue in the mouth cavity during rooting reflexes elicited in newborn infants before the first suckle. Eleven healthy, full‐term infants were videotaped 101 ± 31 min after birth during an evoked distinct rooting reflex before the first suckle. The videotaped rooting reflex was analyzed in detail concerning the degree of turning of the head, mouth opening and position of the tongue, in pictures that were “frozen” at specific intervals. “Licking movements” preceded and followed the rooting reflex in the alert infants. In 10 of the 11 infants the tongue was placed in the bottom of the mouth cavity during a distinct rooting reflex (p= < 0.05). It is suggested that forcing the infant to the breast might abolish the rooting reflex and disturb placement of the tongue. A healthy infant should have the opportunity of showing hunger and optimal reflexes, and attach to its mother's nipple by itself.
Short Bowel Syndrome: Current Medical and Surgical Trends

Short bowel syndrome is a chronic malabsorptive state usually resulting from extensive small bowel resections. A combination of diarrhea, nutrient malabsorption, dysmotility, and bowel dilatation may constitute the clinical symptomatology of this syndrome. The remaining bowel undergoes a process called adaptation, which may replace lost intestinal function. Chronic complications include nutrient, electrolyte, and vitamin deficiencies. Therapy depends largely on the administration of various factors stimulating intestinal adaptation of the remaining bowel. If the patient despite medical therapy fails to return to oral diet alone, then long-term parenteral nutrition is required. However, long-term parenteral nutrition may gradually induce cholestatic liver disease. Surgical methods may be required for treatment including intestinal transplantation, as a last resort for the treatment of end-stage intestinal failure. The goal of this review is to analyze the clinical spectrum and pathophysiologic aspects of the syndrome, the process of intestinal adaptation, and to outline the medical and surgical methods currently used to treat this complicated group of patients.
An immunohistochemical analysis for cancer of the esophagus using monoclonal antibodies specific for modified nucleosides

Background. Modified nucleosides such as 1‐methyladenosine and pseudouridine exist as minute components of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and are excreted in the urine in large amounts in the presence of malignancy. Although use of these modified nucleosides as tumor markers has long been studied and many reports have detailed their relationship with malignant tumors and the urinary excretion of various modified nucleosides, there have been no reports on modified nucleosides in esophageal carcinoma.
Vasa Previa Diagnosis, Clinical Practice, and Outcomes in Australia.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence of women with vasa previa in Australia and to describe risk factors, timing of diagnosis, clinical practice, and perinatal outcomes. METHODS A prospective population-based cohort study was undertaken using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System between May 1, 2013, and April 30, 2014, in hospitals in Australia with greater than 50 births per year. Women were included if they were diagnosed with vasa previa during pregnancy or childbirth, confirmed by clinical examination or placental pathology. The main outcome measures included stillbirth, neonatal death, cesarean delivery, and preterm birth. RESULTS Sixty-three women had a confirmed diagnosis of vasa previa. The estimated incidence was 2.1 per 10,000 women giving birth (95% CI 1.7-2.7). Fifty-eight women were diagnosed prenatally and all had a cesarean delivery. Fifty-five (95%) of the 58 women had at least one risk factor for vasa previa with velamentous cord insertion (62%) and low-lying placenta (60%) the most prevalent. There were no perinatal deaths in women diagnosed prenatally. For the five women with vasa previa not diagnosed prenatally, there were two perinatal deaths with a case fatality rate of 40%. One woman had an antepartum stillbirth and delivered vaginally and the other four women had cesarean deliveries categorized as urgent threat to the life of a fetus with one neonatal death. The overall perinatal case fatality rate was 3.1% (95% CI 0.8-10.5). Two thirds (68%) of the 65 neonates were preterm and 29% were low birth weight. CONCLUSION The outcomes for neonates in which vasa previa was not diagnosed prenatally were inferior with higher rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Our study shows a high rate of prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa in Australia and associated good outcomes.
High resolution reconfigurable bio-potential processor for portable biomedical application

This paper presents the design of portable Biopotential processor for Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrooculogram (EOG) signals monitoring device. This processor offers highresolution biomedical signals which can improve diagnosis and monitor the evolution of several diseases by suppressing baselines wander (0.1–0.5Hz) and power line interference noise (50/60Hz). It contains two memory segment Band Pass Memory Segment (BPMS) and Band Stop Memory Segment (BSMS) which will provide coefficients for band pass and band stop FIR filter respectively. It provides the control signal to bio-potential front end to switch between low noise-High CMRR mode and average noise-average CMRR mode. It also provides the control signal to successive approximation register (SAR) DAC. The proposed Biopotential processor is designed in Spartan-3E FPGA and 0.18μm CMOS TSMC technology. It has acquired 33005μm2 area & consumes 0.382mW power. It is also verified with FPGA which consumes area with 282 numbers of 4 inputs LUTs and 16.89ns time delay.
Effects of coronatine elicitation on growth and metabolic profiles of Lemna paucicostata culture

In this study, the effects of coronatine treatment on the growth, comprehensive metabolic profiles, and productivity of bioactive compounds, including phenolics and phytosterols, in whole plant cultures of Lemna paucicostata were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. To determine the optimal timing of coronatine elicitation, coronatine was added on days 0, 23, and 28 after inoculation. The total growth of L. paucicostata was not significantly different between the coronatine treated groups and the control. The coronatine treatment in L. paucicostata induced increases in the content of hydroxycinnamic acids, such as caffeic acid, isoferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and phytosterols, such as campesterol and β-sitosterol. The productivity of these useful metabolites was highest when coronatine was added on day 0 and harvested on day 32. These results suggest that coronatine treatment on day 0 activates the phenolic and phytosterol biosynthetic pathways in L. paucicostata to a greater extent than in the control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the effects of coronatine on the alteration of metabolism in L. paucicostata based on GC-MS profiling. The results of this research provide a foundation for designing strategies for enhanced production of useful metabolites for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries by cultivation of L. paucicostata.
Role-Based Panel Discussions to Teach Socio-Economic Consequences of Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater treatment is getting more and more complex. From a biotechnological point of view, numerous new treatment techniques have been established in the past two decades to meet the increasing need to remove harmful substances. In addition, wastewater treatment is governed by socio-economic and geopolitical interests. As discussions outside the scientific community often include irrational reasoning, students need to be trained to react to invalid arguments. By use of a role-based panel discussion, this goal could be reached.
Detection and Resolution of Audio-Visual Incompatibility in the Perception of Vowels

If audio and video recordings of a talker speaking consonant-vowel syllables containing different consontants are approximately synchronised, observers may fail to detect conflict between the modalities and perceive consonants presented in neither individual modality. The present experiments demonstrate an analogous effect in the perception of vowels. Vision can bias the identity of an acoustical vowel to be more like the vowel presented visually, even when observers detect conflict and are instructed to report only what they hear. The size of the effect is positively related to the size of the physical difference between the visible configuration of the lips and the configuration that would naturally accompany the acoustical vowel. In demonstrating these and other phenomena in audio-visual speech perception, observers behave as if they compute a continuous estimate of the filter function of the vocal tract from both visual and acoustical evidence. If the visual evidence is potent, observers may appear to interpret the acoustical evidence in novel ways. However, these compromises can be predicted from known patterns of acoustical similarity and visual distinctiveness and do not require ad hoc explanations involving categorical levels of perceptual process.
An ant system with two colonies and its application to Traveling Salesman Problem

An ant system with two colonies is proposed for the combinatorial optimization problems. The proposed method is inspired by the knowledge that there are many colonies of ants in the natural world and organized with two colonies of ants. At first, ants perform solution search procedure by cooperating with each others in the same colony until no better solution is found after a certain time period. Then, communication between the two colonies is performed to build new pheromone distributions for each colony, and ants start their search procedure again in each separate colony, based on the new pheromone distribution. The proposed algorithm is tested by simulating the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than the traditional ACO.
The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Intra-Household Resource Allocation : An Inferential Approach

If household income is pooled and then allocated to maximize welfare then income under the control of mothers and fathers should have the same impact on demand. With survey data on family health and nutrition in Brazil, the equality of parental income effects is rejected. Unearned income in the hands of a mother has a bigger effect on her family's health than income under the control of a father; for child survival probabilities the effect is almost twenty times bigger. The common preference (or neoclassical) model of the household is rejected. If unearned income is measured with error and income is pooled then the ratio of maternal to paternal income effects should be the same; equality of the ratios cannot be rejected. There is also evidence for gender preference: mothers prefer to devote resources to improving the nutritional status of their daughters, fathers to sons.
End tidal halothane concentration and postoperative analgesia requirements in dogs: a comparison between intravenous oxymorphone and epidural bupivacaine alone and in combination with oxymorphone.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of epidural bupivacaine (BUP) and oxymorphone/bupivacaine (O/B) and intravenous (i.v.) oxymorphone (IVO) on halothane requirements during hind end surgery and postoperative analgesia in 24 dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment groups: O/B--oxymorphone (0.1 mg/kg) in 0.75% bupivacaine (1 mg/kg for a total volume of 0.2 ml/kg); BUP--0.5% bupivacaine (1 mg/kg for a total volume of 0.2 ml/kg) with i.v. oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) postoperatively; and IVO--oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) pre- and postoperatively. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide and halothane, and arterial blood gases were recorded prior to treatment and every 15 minutes thereafter. Once surgery had begun, end-tidal halothane concentrations were decreased as low as possible while still maintaining a stable anesthetic plane. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with P < 0.05 considered significant. End-tidal halothane requirements did not differ significantly among treatments. Respiratory depression was increased and HR was decreased in the O/B and IVO groups. Postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly less in dogs receiving O/B.
Suicidal Ideation in an Older U.S. Chinese Population

Objective: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among U.S. Chinese older adults. Method: Guided by the community-participatory research approach, the PINE (Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago) study is a population-based epidemiological study conducted from 2011 to 2013 of 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 60 years and above in the Greater Chicago area. Results: The 2-week prevalence of suicidal ideation, 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicidal ideation were 3.5%, 4.8%, and 9.4%, respectively. Age, sex, marital status, education, income, living arrangement, country of origin, years in the United States, overall health status, quality of life, and health changes over the past year were significantly correlated with suicidal ideation. Discussion: Suicidal ideation was common among U.S. Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted to explore the risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation.
Lipolytic activity by oral pleuropneumonia-like (Mycoplasma) organisms.

Surmmary Ninety-five strains of Mycoplasma were isolated from human saliva; all were micro-aerophilic; 72 were actively lipolytic and 23 were non-lipolytic and were inhibited by Tweens. A type culture of human type 4 (Mycoplasma salivarum) was culturally identical with the lipolytic strains, and two type cultures of M. orale with the non-lipolytic strains. The strains serologically identifiable as M. orale were non-lipolytic, whereas those identifiable as M. salivarium were of both types. Comparison was also made with type strains from other sources. Those of human origin were non-lipolytic and those of saprophytic or animal origin were slightly lipolytic.
The development of depressive symptoms among women with rheumatoid arthritis. The role of function.

OBJECTIVE To examine the role of function and functional changes in the development of depressive symptoms among women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Data from a longitudinal panel study of persons with RA were used. Functional changes were assessed from 1989 to 1991, and depressive symptoms during 1992. RESULTS Loss of valued activities was a significant risk factor for the developing depressive symptoms (i.e., score of > or = 7 on the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale), but overall functional decline was not. CONCLUSION The aspect of functional decline that leads to development of depressive symptoms is the loss of valued activities, not simply the functional impairment.
Interacting Global Invariant Sets in a Planar Map Model of Wild Chaos

Wild chaos is a type of chaotic dynamics that can arise in a continuous-time dynamical system of dimension at least four. We are interested in the possible bifurcations or sequence of bifurcations that generate this type of chaos in dynamical systems. We focus our investigation on a planar noninvertible map introduced by Bamon, Kiwi, and Rivera-Letelier [Wild Lorenz-Like Attractors, arXiv 0508045, 2006] to prove the existence of wild chaos in a five-dimensional Lorenz-like system. The map opens up the origin (the critical point) to a disk and wraps the plane twice around it; points inside the disk have no preimage. The bounding critical circle and its images, together with the critical point and its preimages, form the so-called critical set. This set interacts with the stable and unstable sets of a saddle fixed point. Advanced numerical techniques enable us to study how the stable and unstable sets change as a parameter is varied along a path towards the wild chaotic regime. We find four types of bifurca.
Polymorphic Spermatozoa in the Hymenopterous Wasp Dahlbominus

Studies with the light and electron microscope reveal that at least five different types of spermatozoa are produced during spermatogenesis in the arrhenotokous hymenopteran. Dahlbominus fusciupennis (Zett. Eulophidae). Two of the types differ from the others in length, one type lacks a continuous spiral helix in the head piece, and two differ from the others in the direction of the helical coil. Few of the first three types reach the female sperm-storage organ. All the spermatozoa of the last two types that do reach the storage organ have heads with either dextral or sinistral helices extending from the apex of the head to the beginning of the tail piece. The mitochondrial filaments of the tail are also spirally coiled around the central axial filament, but only in a dextral direction. It is suggested that the coiling dimorphism may be related to fertilization of the egg and may thus affect the sex ratio.