Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inatención del conductor: un estudio acerca de las relaciones entre redes atencionales y la propensión a cometer errores durante la conducción

Los accidentes de transito son un fenomeno complejo, resultado de factores ambientales, vehiculares y humanos, y una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. La inatencion es un factor primordial que contribuye a los accidentes de transito. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relacion entre la atencion segun el modelo de redes atencionales de Posner (1994) y la propension a cometer errores relacionados con la inatencion durante la conduccion vehicular. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 70 participantes, edades entre 19 y 59 anos, ambos generos, 9.83 anos de experticia como promedio. Se utilizo el Cuestionario de Experiencias durante la conduccion (ARDES-ERIC), Test de Redes Atencionales (ANT) y un cuestionario sociodemografico. Los resultados indican que existe una correlacion significativa entre el tiempo de reaccion (TR) total y la propension a cometer errores durante la conduccion. La interaccion entre la experticia y el TR total sobre la propension a cometer errores fue significativa. La atencion ejecutiva tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la propension a cometer errores y la dimension de control. El modelo que incluye la red de orientacion y tiempos de reaccion explico el 20% de la propension a cometer errores en la conduccion. Una alta orientacion esta asociada con una baja propension a cometer errores, y los tiempos de reaccion mas lentos estan relacionados con altos errores de conduccion. Los resultados son consistentes con estudios previos y aportan nueva evidencia sobre el rol de los tiempos de reaccion y redes atencionales en interaccion con variables sociodemograficas y experticia sobre la propension a cometer errores en la conduccion.
Low-Complexity Interleaved Subcarrier Allocation in Multicarrier Multiple-Access Systems

We propose a new method to efficiently carry out an interleaved subcarrier assignment in multicarrier (MC) multiple-access (MA) systems. According to the conventional approach, the assignment of the subcarriers to the different users is accomplished prior to the MC modulation that is performed over the whole set of subcarriers within the transmission bandwidth. The proposed method enables the MC modulation/demodulation of only the subcarriers assigned to a specific user, thus being much simpler to implement than the conventional approach
Assessing the feasibility of the American College of Surgeons' benchmarks for the triage of trauma patients.

OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of accomplishing the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma benchmarks of less than 5% undertriage (treatment of patients with moderate to severe injuries at nontrauma centers [NTCs]) and less than 50% overtriage (transfer of patients with minor injuries to trauma centers [TCs]) given current practice patterns by describing transfer patterns for patients taken initially to NTCs and estimating volume shifts and potential lives saved if full implementation were to occur. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective cohort study of adult trauma patients initially evaluated at NTCs in Pennsylvania (between April 1, 2001, and March 31, 2005). We used published estimates of mortality risk reduction associated with treatment at TCs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Undertriage and overtriage rates, estimated patient volume shifts, and number of lives saved. RESULTS A total of 93,880 adult trauma patients were initially evaluated at NTCs in Pennsylvania between 2001 and 2005. Undertriage was 69%; overtriage was 53%. Achieving less than 5% undertriage would require the transfer of 18,945 patients per year, a 5-fold increase from current practice (3650 transfers per year). Given an absolute mortality risk reduction of 1.9% for patients with moderate to severe injuries treated at TCs, this change in practice would save 99 potential lives per year or would require 191 transfers per year to save 1 potential life. CONCLUSIONS Given current practice patterns, American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma recommendations for the regionalization of trauma patients may not be feasible. To achieve 5% undertriage, TCs must increase their capacity 5-fold, physicians at NTCs must increase their capacity to discriminate between moderate to severe and other injuries, or the guidelines must be modified.
Herpesviruses Detected in Papillomatous Skin Growths of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Herpesviruses were found associated with epidermal hyperplasia of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in northern California (USA). Papillomas were found principally on the caudal regions of the fish including the fins. The grow ths occurred most commonly in the fall and winter among populations of captive carp. Infected epidermal cells were characterized by greatly enlarged nuclei depleted of chromatin but with thickened nuclear membranes. Numerous virions were detected in infected cells. Herpesvirus nucleocapsids in the cell nucleus had a diameter of 109 nm. Virions with envelopes with a diameter of 157 nm were abundant in cytoplasmic vacuoles. The characteristics of the papillomatous growths and the viruses were consistent with descriptions of Herpesvirus cyprini known in koi carp populations in Japan and extends the range of this pathogen to koi carp to North America.
Tumor size, node status, grading, HER2 and estrogen receptor status still retain a strong value in patients with operable breast cancer diagnosed in recent years

Breast cancer prognosis has improved greatly in recent years. Consequently, a thorough search for sensitive prognostic factors, able to help clinicians offer appropriate therapy, has become a priority in this area. In this study, we considered all new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed in the Province of Modena, Italy, between 1997 and 2007, registered by the Modena Cancer Registry. The principal endpoint of this study was relapse‐free survival (RFS). A set of 11 clinic and pathological parameters was investigated. After a median follow‐up of 73 months, 494 relapses were recorded. Tumor size, node status, grading, HER2 and estrogen receptor status were retained as independent factors in a multivariate analysis. Using these variables, a prognostic model was devised to identify three groups at different risk. In the training sample, the 5‐year RFS rates resulted 96.0%, 82.9% and 63.7% in patients at low, intermediate and high risk, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the validation sample, the 5‐year RFS was 96.2%, 85.4% and 66.9%, respectively. To conclude our study demonstrates that a very simple prognostic index based on easily available clinical data may represent a useful tool for the identification of patients at different risk of relapse and may be a notable device to predict who truly benefits from medical treatment.
Leapfrogging: primordial germ cell transplantation permits recovery of CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in essential genes

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is revolutionizing genetic loss-of-function analysis but technical limitations remain that slow progress when creating mutant lines. First, in conventional genetic breeding schemes, mosaic founder animals carrying mutant alleles are outcrossed to produce F1 heterozygotes. Phenotypic analysis occurs in the F2 generation following F1 intercrosses. Thus, mutant analyses will require multi-generational studies. Second, when targeting essential genes, efficient mutagenesis of founders is often lethal, preventing the acquisition of mature animals. Reducing mutagenesis levels may improve founder survival, but results in lower, more variable rates of germline transmission. Therefore, an efficient approach to study lethal mutations would be useful. To overcome these shortfalls, we introduce ‘leapfrogging’, a method combining efficient CRISPR mutagenesis with transplantation of mutated primordial germ cells into a wild-type host. Tested using Xenopus tropicalis, we show that founders containing transplants transmit mutant alleles with high efficiency. F1 offspring from intercrosses between F0 animals that carry embryonic lethal alleles recapitulate loss-of-function phenotypes, circumventing an entire generation of breeding. We anticipate that leapfrogging will be transferable to other species. Summary: Germ cell transplantation from mutagenized F0 Xenopus tropicalis embryos into wild-type hosts mitigates founder lethality, allowing generation of mutant lines. This technique should be transferable to other species.
Cytokinin-Auxin Crosstalk in the Gynoecial Primordium Ensures Correct Domain Patterning1[OPEN]

Cytokinin promotes auxin biosynthesis in and efflux from the medial gynoecial domain in Arabidopsis, whereas auxin blocks cytokinin from apical and lateral domains to regulate patterning. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gynoecium consists of two congenitally fused carpels made up of two lateral valve domains and two medial domains, which retain meristematic properties and later fuse to produce the female reproductive structures vital for fertilization. Polar auxin transport (PAT) is important for setting up distinct apical auxin signaling domains in the early floral meristem remnants allowing for lateral domain identity and outgrowth. Crosstalk between auxin and cytokinin plays an important role in the development of other meristematic tissues, but hormone interaction studies to date have focused on more accessible later-stage gynoecia and the spatiotemporal interactions pivotal for patterning of early gynoecium primordia remain unknown. Focusing on the earliest stages, we propose a cytokinin-auxin feedback model during early gynoecium patterning and hormone homeostasis. Our results suggest that cytokinin positively regulates auxin signaling in the incipient gynoecial primordium and strengthen the concept that cytokinin regulates auxin homeostasis during gynoecium development. Specifically, medial cytokinin promotes auxin biosynthesis components [YUCCA1/4 (YUC1/4)] in, and PINFORMED7 (PIN7)-mediated auxin efflux from, the medial domain. The resulting laterally focused auxin signaling triggers ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN6 (AHP6), which then represses cytokinin signaling in a PAT-dependent feedback. Cytokinin also down-regulates PIN3, promoting auxin accumulation in the apex. The yuc1, yuc4, and ahp6 mutants are hypersensitive to exogenous cytokinin and 1-napthylphthalamic acid (NPA), highlighting their role in mediolateral gynoecium patterning. In summary, these mechanisms self-regulate cytokinin and auxin signaling domains, ensuring correct domain specification and gynoecium development.
Coherent integration with backprojected images for near field moving target

A signal may not be detected and identified due to the presence of serious noise. Coherent integration is an important approach for focusing the energy of the signal in pulse-Doppler radar. For moving targets, the problem of migration through range cells (MTRC) will degrade the coherent integration result. This paper presents a new coherent integration method for multi-channel radar system to focus near field moving targets. The envelope correction coupled with backprojection in spatial and fast-time domain is performed, followed with coherent integration in slow-time domain. The simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in target detection.
CONHECIMENTO DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE PLANTAS EXÓTICAS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO INTERIOR DO BRASIL

O presente estudo objetivou identificar o conhecimento de discentes do ensino medio sobre plantas exoticas no Cerrado, considerando essa tematica muito pouco estudada. Participaram do estudo 170 estudantes de diferentes cursos tecnicos de nivel medio, sendo utilizado, para coleta de dados um questionario investigativo e para analise dos resultados realizou-se analise de correspondencia. No geral, o nivel de conhecimento a respeito da tematica da bioinvasao dentre os alunos e baixo. Destaca-se a necessidade de que a tematica seja melhor abordada nas escolas. Nesse sentido, sugere-se a producao de materiais que sirvam de recursos e propostas didaticas, de modo que se explore esse problema ambiental e de grande interesse ecologico, bem como economico.
Vers l’annotation par le jeu de corpus (plus) complexes : le cas de la langue de spécialité (Towards (more) complex corpora annotation using a game with a purpose : the case of scientific language)

Nous avons précédemment montré qu’il est possible de faire produire des annotations syntaxiques de qualité par des participants à un jeu ayant un but. Nous présentons ici les résultats d’une expérience visant à évaluer leur production sur un corpus plus complexe, en langue de spécialité, en l’occurrence un corpus de textes scientifiques sur l’ADN. Nous déterminons précisément la complexité de ce corpus, puis nous évaluons les annotations en syntaxe de dépendances produites par les joueurs par rapport à une référence mise au point par des experts du domaine.
Preços de transferência no direito brasileiro

O presente trabalho analisa as normas de precos de transferencia, introduzidas no ordenamento patrio por meio da Lei n.O9. 430, de 27 de dezembro de 1996. A analise leva em conta: (i) a insercao das normas de precos de transferencia no direito brasileiro e os principios balisadores; (ii) o conceito de precos de transferencia pela Organizacao para Cooperacao e Desenvolvimento Economico ("OCDE"), importante orientador das politicas tributarias dos diversos paises; e (iii) aplicabilidade das normas de precos de transferencia. Quanto a insercao das normas de transferencia, e importante destacar que tais normas se encontram no âmbito daquelas que regulam dois tributos: o imposto sobre a renda e a Contribuicao Social sobre o Lucro Liquido. No estudo dos principios que norteiam os precos de transferencia, mister se fara, deste modo, analisar as regras-matrizes desses tributos. No tocante a OCDE, cabe destacar que o Brasil, por enquanto, nao e membro dessa organizacao. Desta forma, toda e qualquer manifestacao dessa entidade deve ser entendida, no Brasil, como mera orientacao, como mero indicativo facilitador de interpretacoes. Por fim, no que diz respeito a aplicabilidade das normas de precos de transferencia, atualmente, as normas de precos de transferencia somente sao, de fato, aplicadas, por existir uma instrucao normativa, emitida pelo Secretario da Receita Federal, que flexibiliza e explicita as normas legais. Neste caso, analisaremos a pragmatica da legislacao tributaria e o cabimento - ou nao - das disposicoes contidas nessa instrucao normativa
Evaluación Biomecánica y Morfológica de una Prótesis Artificial de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior a Base de Kevlar® en un Modelo Animal

Objetivo. Evaluar las caracteristicas clinicas, biomecanicas y morfologicas de un ligamento protesico a base de Kevlar® como injerto sintetico de ligamento cruzado anterior en un modelo animal de experimentacion en conejos. Metodos. Se analizaron 27 rodillas de conejos distribuidas aleatoriamente en tres grupos de estudio (control, excision del ligamento cruzado anterior y remplazo del ligamento cruzado anterior con una protesis de Kevlar®) en los cuales fueron analizados mediante pruebas clinicas, biomecanicas y morfologicas a las 6, 12 y 18 semanas post procedimiento. Resultados. El promedio de los desplazamientos en las pruebas mecanicas fue de 0.73 ± 0.06 mm, 1.58 ± 0.19 mm y 0.94 ± 0.20 mm para el grupo control, excision del LCA y remplazo del LCA con protesis sintetica respectivamente. Los resultados muestran una mejoria en la estabilidad de la rodilla con el uso de la protesis sintetica de Kevlar® en las pruebas biomecanicas (p 0.05) entre el grupo remplazo y el grupo control. El estudio histologico revelo una buena adaptacion morfologica del material sintetico a la rodilla. Conclusiones. Este estudio propone un nuevo modelo animal para la colocacion y evaluacion de implantes sinteticos de LCA a base de Kevlar®. La protesis estudiada mostro un comportamiento prometedor en las pruebas clinicas y biomecanicas asi como en el analisis histologico. Este estudio sentara las bases para estudios basicos y clinicos posteriores de protesis artificiales del LCA utilizando este material.
β-Catenin Interacts with MyoD and Regulates Its Transcription Activity

ABSTRACT Wnt regulation of muscle development is thought to be mediated by the β-catenin-TCF/LEF-dependent canonical pathway. Here we demonstrate that β-catenin, not TCF/LEF, is required for muscle differentiation. We showed that β-catenin interacts directly with MyoD, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for muscle differentiation and enhances its binding to E box elements and transcriptional activity. MyoD-mediated transactivation is inhibited in muscle cells when β-catenin is deficient or the interaction between MyoD and β-catenin is disrupted. These results demonstrate that β-catenin is necessary for MyoD function, identifying MyoD as an effector in the Wnt canonical pathway.
Brentano on Intentionality

Brentano’s account of what he called intentionale Inexistenz — what we now call intentionality — is without question one of the most important parts of his philosophy, and one of the most influential ideas in late 19th-century philosophy. Here I will explain how this idea figures in Brentano’s central text, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (Brentano 1995a). I will then briefly explain how Brentano’s ideas about intentionality evolved after the first publication of this work in 1874, and how they were then misinterpreted by some influential analytic philosophers.
A decentralized hierarchical scheduler for a grid-based clearinghouse

Grid technologies enable large-scale resource sharing among enterprises and/or individuals. In such settings, control policies must be administered so that resource cart be fairly shared among participating enterprises. A grid-based clearinghouse for managing shared resources is built with the aim of promoting technical and scientific cooperation within and between campuses. We therefore, need a global mechanism for exchanging and integrating resource and hence, maximize computation throughput through the coordination of shared resources. The major process involved is the development of a job management strategy that realizes the objectives of the clearinghouse. In this paper, we introduce the design and application of a decentralized hierarchical scheduler for job management. A working testbed for this scheduler is to be implemented on a campus grid. The campus grid is a hierarchical grid that is built with the Globus Toolkit inter-operated with a group of Sungrid Engine clusters.
Characterization of the Zinc-Containing Metalloprotease Encoded by zpx and Development of a Species-Specific Detection Method for Enterobacter sakazakii

ABSTRACT Enterobacter sakazakii causes a severe form of neonatal meningitis that occurs as sporadic cases as well as outbreaks. The disease has been epidemiologically associated with consumption of reconstituted, dried infant formulas. Very little information is available regarding pathogenicity of the organism and production of virulence factors. Clinical and environmental strains were screened for production of factors which have activity against Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in tissue culture. Polymyxin B lysate and sonicate preparations but not culture supernatants from the strains caused “rounding” of CHO cells. Subsequent studies showed that the CHO cell-rounding factor is a proteolytic enzyme that has activity against azocasein. The cell-bound protease was isolated by using a combination of polymyxin B lysis, followed by sonication of cells harvested from tryptone broth. The protease was purified to homogeneity by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-100, hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, and a second gel filtration with Sephadex G-100. In addition to activity against azocasein, the purified protease also exhibits activity against azocoll and insoluble casein but not elastin. The protease has a molecular weight of 38,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.4. It is heat labile and for maximal activity against azocasein has an optimum temperature of 37°C and a pH range of 5 to 7. Proteolytic activity is inhibited by ortho-phenanthroline and Zincov but is not affected by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, N-ethylmaleimide, and trypsin inhibitors, which demonstrates that the protease is a zinc-containing metalloprotease. The metalloprotease does not hemagglutinate chicken or sheep erythrocytes. Twenty-three to 27 of the first 42 N-terminal amino acid residues of the metalloprotease are identical to proteases produced by Serratia proteamaculans, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Anabaena sp. PCR analysis using primers designed from a consensus nucleotide sequence showed that 135 E. sakazakii strains possessed the metalloprotease gene, zpx, and 25 non-E. sakazakii strains did not. The cloned zpx gene of strain 29544 consists of 1,026 nucleotides, and the deduced amino acid sequence of the metalloprotease has 341 amino acid residues, which corresponds to a theoretical protein size of 37,782 with a theoretical pI of 5.23. The sequence possesses three well-characterized zinc-binding and active-site motifs present in other bacterial zinc metalloproteases.
Representing ‘Us’ and ‘Them’: Building Blocks of Intergroup Cognition

Three experiments explored whether group membership affects the acquisition of richer information about social groups. Employing a minimal-groups paradigm, 6- to 8-year-olds were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 novel social groups. Experiment 1 demonstrated that immediately following random assignment to a novel group, children were more likely to generalize negative behaviors to outgroup members and positive behaviors to ingroup members and to report a preference for ingroup members. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that this initial ingroup-favoring bias interacts with subsequent learning, thereby attenuating the effect of negative information about the ingroup and enhancing the effect of negative information about the outgroup. These effects were more powerful with respect to preferences than induction: After hearing that some ingroup members behaved badly, children predicted that ingroup members would behave more negatively than outgroup members, but they did not express preferences for the outgroup over the ingroup. Together these data shed light on the construction of social category knowledge as well as the processes underlying the absence of own-group positivity among children from lower-status social groups.