Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenolic Compounds: Their Role During Olive Oil Extraction and in Flaxseed Transfer and Antioxidant Function

Els biofenols comprenen un gran grup de metabolits secundaris que presenten una amplia varietat d'estructures i una gran diversitat d'activitats biologiques. Especificament, l'interes en l'oliva i la llavor del lli (llinassa) esta relacionat amb el seu perfil fenolic i amb la influencia directa d'aquest en la qualitat de productes derivats, Aixi com en el possible us en aliments funcionals. Com a resposta a aquest plantejament, la tesi s'ha centrat a la investigacio del paper dels compostos fenolics durant el proces d'extraccio de l'oli d'oliva i de llinassa. Es van tenir en compte dos importants aspectes: la transferencia i les funcions antioxidants dels compostos fenolics relacionats en el proces d'obtencio d'oli d'oliva. La influencia dels tractaments d'irrigacio, de l'index de maduracio i d'altres aspectes tecnologics del processament de l'oliva es tradui en un millor enteniment de la transferencia i transformacio dels compostos fenolics. S'establiren les concentracions de fenols, en termes de transferencia, corresponents a les fraccions de pasta d'oliva, pinyola, oliassa i oli d'oliva. Es reconegueren alguns d'aquests productes i subproductes com a valuosa font de compostos antioxidants. Es per aixo que es va procedir a l'aillament i purificacio de determinats fenols amb la finalitat d'avaluar la seva capacitat antioxidant a traves del parametre d'estabilitat oxidativa. Tambe es va determinar l'efecte dels compostos fenolics sobre l'atribut sensorial "index d'amargor". Es van estudiar els alcohols simples, acids fenolics, secoiridoids, derivats secoiridoids, flavonoids i lignans. Es troba un efecte significatiu a l'addicionar aquests compostos sobre diferents matrius d'oli d'oliva (refinat i verge extra). L'acid galic, l'hidroxitirosol (3,4-DHPEA), l'acid cafeic, la luteolina i la forma aldehidica de l'acid elenolic lligat a l'hidroxitirosol (3,4-DHPEA-EDA), mostraren tenir una important activitat antioxidant. Es va investigar tambe la llinassa en funcio de la seva composicio fenolica. L'existencia de diversos i no comparables metodes d'extraccio de fenols es va prendre coma punt de partida per a l'estudi analitic de la fraccio fenolica de la llinassa. L'extraccio mitjancant solvents organics previa a una hidrolisi va permetre la identificacio del principals compostos fenolics de la llinassa, com ara el secoisolariciresinol diglucosid o SDG. Posteriorment es va passar a l'estudi del sistema antioxidant de la llinassa, pel que es va avaluar el contingut de peroxids i aldehids en mostres de farina de llavor reconstituides amb oli comercial de llinassa despres d'una i dues setmanes de magatzematge. Tambe s'analitzaren farines procedents de llavor sense clofolla i amb clofolla. La investigacio preliminar va permetre concloure que l'SDG i d'altres compostos com ara les formes glucosidics del acids ferulic i p-cumaric no estan implicats directament al sistema responsable dels processos antioxidants de la llinassa.
Identification of intrinsic regulators in normal and malignant human hematopoiesis. An RNA-interference approach.

Bildandet av blodceller, hematopoesen, utgar fran ett litet antal av de sa kallade hematopoetiska stamceller som sitter i var benmarg. Dessa celler har formagan att ge upphov till alla mogna blodcellstyper av de tre hematopoetiska linjerna, samtidigt som de genom celldelning bibehaller sin egna mangd. Det har uppskattats att vi endast har nagra tusen hematopoetiska stamceller, men trots deras relativt lilla antal, har de den enastaende formagan att generera runt 11 miljoner mogna blodceller varje sekund, hela livet.Trots att hematopoetiska stamceller sannolikt ar de stamceller det forskats mest kring, ar var forstaelse kring hur de regleras pa molekylar och genetisk fortfarande inkomplett. I syfte att oka var forstaelse om den genetiska regleringen av hematopoetiska stamceller bade i normal och malign blodbildning (leukemi), har vi i denna avhandling anvant oss av RNA interferens (RNAi) applicerat pa blodstamceller fran navelstrangsblod i syfte att identifiera gener som styr stamcellernas sjalvfornyelse och celldelning. Genom att anvanda bade ett forvalt och genetiskt komplett RNAi virusbibliotek, har vi funnit att MAPK14, cohesinkomplexet and JARID2 ar negativa genetiska regulatorer av blodstamceller. Attenuering av samtliga dessa gener medforde okad funktionalitet hos stamcellerna.Vi har ocksa anvant datan fran var RNAi screen som ett verktyg att preselektera gener i syfte att aven identifiera genetiska regulator i malign hematopoes, sarskilt akut myeloisk leukemi och myelodysplastiskt syndrom. Genom att sekvensera de preselekterade generna i over 400 patientprover och darefter funktionellt validera vara upptackter i bade humana och murina celler, har vi identifierat NCAPD2 och SDPR som potentiellt AML- och MDS-associerade gener.Sammanfattningsvis har vi i denna avhandling anvant oss av en global, helgenomtackande RNAi screen i manskliga stamceller isolerade fran navelstrangsblod. Vi har visat att detta ar en anvandbar metod att hitta nya genetiska stamcellsregulator och i kombination med helgenomssekvensering att aven hitta funktionellt relevanta sjukdomsassocierade gener i hematopoetiska maligniteter. (Less)
Isoflurane potency in the dog and cat.

Cardiopulmonary effects of isoflurane, a new inhalation anesthetic, were investigated in healthy unpremedicated dogs and cats under conditions of spontaneous and controlled (dogs only) ventilation. Measurements were made at minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 in dogs and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.4 in cats. The isoflurane MAC was previously determined in these animals and was 1.28 +/- 0.06% for dogs and 1.63 +/- 0.02% for cats. We found that as anesthetic dose increased, mean arterial pressure consistently and significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. Cardiac output, measured only in dogs, was sustained only during light-moderate levels (1.0 to 2.0 MAC) of anesthesia because the heart rate significantly increased. Stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and left ventricular work tended to decrease as anesthesia deepened. We found no significant difference in cardiovascular measurements in dogs between spontaneous and controlled ventilation at equal MAC multiples. That isoflurane is a profound respiratory depressant in dogs and cats is supported by our findings of a dose-dependent increase in PaCO2. In addition, the alveolar isoflurane concentration required to produce at least 60 seconds of apnea divided by MAC (i.e., the anesthetic index) averaged 2.5 for dogs and 2.4 for cats. The anesthetic index which we determined for isoflurane in dogs equals or is less than the index reported for other inhaled anesthetics in this species.
The Qualitative Doctoral Dissertation Proposal

This article discusses the primary qualities of a doctoral dissertation proposal and how those qualities relate to the qualities of a dissertation and to the nature of a research university. Typical parts of a proposal are discussed—problem, significance, literature review, theoretical perspective, questions, methods, and ethics—and reasons are given for the role that each part plays in the development of a dissertation. Emphasis is placed on the nature of argument and on the integrity of the proposal as a whole. Examples, including notes on writing, are drawn from several qualitative proposals.
Promoter- and Cell-Specific Transcriptional Transactivation by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF57/Mta Protein

ABSTRACT The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) Mta protein, encoded by open reading frame 57, is a transactivator of gene expression that is essential for productive viral replication. Previous studies have suggested both transcriptional and posttranscriptional roles for Mta, but little is known regarding Mta's transcriptional function. In this study, we demonstrate that Mta cooperates with the KSHV lytic switch protein, Rta, to reactivate KSHV from latency, but Mta has little effect on reactivation when expressed alone. We demonstrate that the Mta and Rta proteins are expressed with similar but distinct kinetics during KSHV reactivation. In single-cell analyses, Mta expression coincides tightly with progression to full viral reactivation. We demonstrate with promoter reporter assays that while Rta activates transcription in all cell lines tested, Mta's ability to transactivate promoters, either alone or synergistically with Rta, is cell and promoter specific. In particular, Mta robustly transactivates the nut-1/PAN promoter independently of Rta in 293 and Akata-31 cells. Using nuclear run-on assays, we demonstrate that Mta stimulates transcriptional initiation in 293 cells. Rta and Mta physically interact in infected cell extracts, and this interaction requires the intact leucine repeat and central region of Rta in vitro. We demonstrate that Mta also binds to the nut-1/PAN promoter DNA in vitro and in infected cells. An Mta mutant with a lesion in a putative A/T hook domain is altered in DNA binding and debilitated in transactivation. We propose that one molecular mechanism of Mta-mediated transactivation is a direct effect on transcription by direct and indirect promoter association.
An accurate, high speed implementation of division by reciprocal approximation

While unlimited accuracy is theoretically possible, it is very important to minimize the number of iteration steps to improve performance and/or to reduce hardware requirements. Consequently, there is an important accuracy/speed/cost tradeoff in reciprocal approximation implementations. A reciprocal approximation implementation is discussed, with special attention given to these tradeoffs. An interpolation method is used to ensure that an initial approximation, held in a ROM table, is as accurate as possible. A method for implementing the iteration steps is given. Special instructions are used so that maximum accuracy can be carried between iteration operations. For 64-b floating-point operands (53-b mantissa), a table lookup and only two iterations are required, and high accuracy is maintained. The rounded reciprocal rarely differs from a true round-to-nearest value based on an infinite precision result. When the results do differ (less than once every 1000 calculations), the difference in accuracy is shown to be less than 0.025 of a least significant bit (LSB). <<ETX>>
Review of colorectal cancer and its metastases in rodent models: comparative aspects with those in humans.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common cancer forms developing in industrialized countries, and its incidence appears to be rising. Studies of human population groups provide insufficient information about carcinogenesis, pathogenesis, and treatment of CRC. To study these phenomena in detail, a number of animal models of human CRC have been developed. The hypothetical ideal animal model should mimic the human disease in terms of morphology, biochemical alterations, and biological behavior. No existing model replicates the disease as an entity, but available models approximate many of the characteristics of human colonic carcinogenesis and metastasis. So far few comparative evaluations of the various animal models of CRC have been made. CONCLUSION Animal studies cannot replace human clinical trials, but they can be used as a pre-screening tool, so that human trials become more directed, with greater chances of success. The orthotopic transplantation of colon cancer cells into the cecum of syngeneic animals or intraportal inoculation appears to resemble the human metastatic disease most closely, providing a model for study of the treatment of metastases. Which model(s) to choose depends on the goal(s) of the experiment(s). The review published here can provide help in selecting the most optimal CRC model(s) for a certain purpose and in preventing unnecessary duplication of animal experimentation.
Human monoclonal antibody 2G12 defines a distinctive neutralization epitope on the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

We have isolated and characterized human monoclonal antibody 2G12 to the gp120 surface glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). This antibody potently and broadly neutralizes primary and T-cell line-adapted clade B strains of HIV-1 in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assay and inhibits syncytium formation in the AA-2 cell line. Furthermore, 2G12 possesses neutralizing activity against strains from clade A but not from clade E. Complement- and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-activating functions of 2G12 were also defined. The gp120 epitope recognized by 2G12 was found to be distinctive; binding of 2G12 to LAI recombinant gp120 was abolished by amino acid substitutions removing N-linked carbohydrates in the C2, C3, V4, and C4 regions of gp120. This gp120 mutant recognition pattern has not previously been observed, indicating that the 2G12 epitope is unusual. consistent with this, antibodies able to block 2G12 binding to recombinant gp120 were not detected in significant quantities in 16 HIV-positive human serum samples.
TO BE OR NOT TO BE CONSTRUCTIVE

In the early twentieth century, L.E. J. Brouwer pioneered a new philosophy of mathematics, called intuitionism. Intuitionism was revolutionary in many respects but stands out -mathematically speakingfor its challenge of Hilbert’s formalist philosophy of mathematics and rejection of the law of excluded middle from the ‘classical’ logic used in mainstream mathematics. Out of intuitionism grew intuitionistic logic and the associated BrouwerHeyting-Kolmogorov interpretation by which ‘there exists x’ intuitively means ‘an algorithm to compute x is given’. A number of schools of constructive mathematics were developed, inspired by Brouwer’s intuitionism and invariably based on intuitionistic logic, but with varying interpretations of what constitutes an algorithm. This paper deals with the dichotomy between constructive and non-constructive mathematics, or rather the absence of such an ‘excluded middle’. In particular, we challenge the ‘binary’ view that mathematics is either constructive or not. To this end, we identify a part of classical mathematics, namely classical Nonstandard Analysis, and show it inhabits the twilight-zone between the constructive and non-constructive. Intuitively, the predicate ‘x is standard’ typical of Nonstandard Analysis can be interpreted as ‘x is computable’, giving rise to computable (and sometimes constructive) mathematics obtained directly from classical Nonstandard Analysis. Our results formalise Osswald’s longstanding conjecture that classical Nonstandard Analysis is locally constructive. Finally, an alternative explanation of our results is provided by Brouwer’s thesis that logic depends upon mathematics.
Common mode of DNA binding to cold shock domains

Bacterial cold shock proteins (CSPs) regulate cellular adaptation to cold stress. Functions ascribed to CSP include roles as RNA chaperones and in transcription antitermination. We present the crystal structure of the Bacillus caldolyticus CSP (Bc‐Csp) in complex with hexathymidine (dT6) at a resolution of 1.29 Å. Bound to dT6, crystalline Bc‐Csp forms a domain‐swapped dimer in which β strands 1–3 associate with strands 4 and 5 from the other subunit to form a closed β barrel and vice versa. The globular units of dimeric Bc‐Csp closely resemble the well‐known structure of monomeric CSP. Structural reorganization from the monomer to the domain‐swapped dimer involves a strictly localized change in the peptide bond linking Glu36 and Gly37 of Bc‐Csp. Similar structural reorganizations have not been found in any other CSP or oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide‐binding fold structures. Each dT6 ligand is bound to one globular unit of Bc‐Csp via an amphipathic protein surface. Individual binding subsites interact with the DNA bases through stacking and hydrogen bonding. The sugar–phosphate backbone remains solvent exposed. Based on crystallographic and biochemical studies of deoxyoligonucleotide binding to CSP, we suggest a common mode of binding of single‐stranded heptanucleotide motifs to proteins containing cold shock domains, including the eukaryotic Y‐box factors.
A Method for Forecasting Cloud Condensation Nuclei Using Predictions of Aerosol Physical and Chemical Properties from WRF/Chem

AbstractModel investigations of aerosol–cloud interactions across spatial scales are necessary to advance basic understanding of aerosol impacts on climate and the hydrological cycle. Yet these interactions are complex, involving numerous physical and chemical processes. Models capable of combining aerosol dynamics and chemistry with detailed cloud microphysics are recent developments. In this study, predictions of aerosol characteristics from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) are integrated into the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System microphysics package to form the basis of a coupled model that is capable of predicting the evolution of atmospheric aerosols from gas-phase emissions to droplet activation. The new integrated system is evaluated against measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from a land-based field campaign and an aircraft-based field campaign in Colorado. The model results show the ability to capture vertical variations in CCN number concentrat.
Bottom-up Investigation: Human Activity Recognition Based on Feet Movement and Posture Information

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) research on feet posture and movement information has seen an intense growth during the last five years, drawing attention of fields such as healthcare systems and context inference. In this work, we tested our 6-activity classes machine learning HAR classifier using a foot-based wearable device in an experiment involving 11 volunteers. The classifier uses a Random Forest algorithm with Leave-one-out Cross Validation, achieving an average of 93.34% accuracy. Targeting at a replicable research, we provide full hardware information, system source code and a public domain dataset consisting of 800,000 samples.
Effects of Body Mass Index on the Accuracy of an Electronic Pedometer

Electronic pedometers are accurate for assessing steps taken while walking in normal weight adults but the accuracy of these devices has not been tested in overweight and obese men and women. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of an electronic pedometer for measuring steps taken at various walking speeds in groups of adults with variations in body mass index (BMI). The secondary purpose was to determine if the manufacturer recommended position is the best placement position for overweight and obese adults. Participants were categorized into one of three BMI categories identified by the World Health Organization: normal (N = 25; < 25 kg x m(-2)), overweight (N = 24; 25 - 29.9 kg x m(-2)), or obese (N = 17; > or = 30 kg x m(-2)). Participants walked on a treadmill for 3 min at 54, 67, 80, 94, and 107 m x min(-1) for a total of 15 min. During the treadmill walking, three electronic pedometers tallied steps taken. The pedometers were placed at the waist level, one on the anterior mid-line of the thigh (front; manufacturer recommended placement), one on the mid-axillary line (side), and one on the posterior mid-line of the thigh (back). Concurrently, a researcher counted steps using a hand-tally counter. Category of BMI did not affect the accuracy of the pedometer at any walking speed (54 m x min(-1), p = 0.991; 67 m x min(-1), p = 0.556; 80 m x min(-1), p = 0.591; 94 m x min(-1), p = 0.426; 107 m x min(-1), p = 0.869). At 54 m x min(-1), the front, side, and back pedometers significantly underestimated hand-tally counted steps by 20 % (p < 0.001), 33 % (p < 0.001), and 26 % (p < 0.001), respectively. At 67 m x min(-1) the front, side, and back pedometers significantly underestimated hand-tally counted steps by 7 % (p = 0.027), 13 % (p < 0.001), 11 % (p = 0.002), respectively. The steps recorded by the electronic pedometers placed at the front, side and back of the waist were not significantly different than steps counted by the hand-tally counter at speeds of 80 m x min(-1) and higher for all subjects combined. An electronic pedometer accurately quantified steps walked at speeds of 80 m x min(-1) or faster in persons with a normal BMI and those classified as overweight or obese. The placement of the pedometer on the front, side or back of the waistband did not affect accuracy of the pedometer for counting steps.
Vicarin, a new isoflavone from Eremostachys vicaryi

Vicarin (1), a new isoflavone, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanolic extract of Eremostachys vicaryi, along with soforanarin B (2), luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and hamighriprasin (4). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data including MS and 2D NMR.
Surface IgM mediated regulation of RAG gene expression in E mu‐N‐myc B cell lines.

Transgenic mice carrying either the c‐myc or N‐myc oncogene deregulated by the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer element (E mu) develop both pre‐B and B cell lymphomas (E mu‐c‐myc and E mu‐N‐myc lymphomas). We report here that B cell lines derived from these tumors, as well as a line derived from v‐myc retroviral transformation, simultaneously express surface immunoglobulin (a hallmark of mature B cells) as well as a common subset of genes normally restricted to the pre‐B stage of development‐including the recombinase activating genes RAG‐1 and RAG‐2. Continued RAG‐1 and RAG‐2 expression in these lines is associated with VDJ recombinase activity detected with a VDJ recombination substrate. Cross‐linking of the surface immunoglobulin on these lines with an anti‐mu antibody leads to rapid, specific and reversible down‐regulation of RAG‐1 and RAG‐2 gene expression. We also find that a small but significant percentage of normal surface immunoglobulin bearing bone marrow B cells express the RAG‐1 gene. These findings are discussed in the context of their possible implications for the control of specific gene expression during the pre‐B to B cell transition.
Vaccinia virus N1L protein resembles a B cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) family protein

Poxviruses encode immuno‐modulatory proteins capable of subverting host defenses. The poxvirus vaccinia expresses a small 14‐kDa protein, N1L, that is critical for virulence. We report the crystal structure of N1L, which reveals an unexpected but striking resemblance to host apoptotic regulators of the B cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) family. Although N1L lacks detectable Bcl‐2 homology (BH) motifs at the sequence level, we show that N1L binds with high affinity to the BH3 peptides of pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins in vitro, consistent with a role for N1L in modulating host antiviral defenses.