Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of metagalactic ultraviolet background fluctuations on the high-redshift Lyα forest

Under the assumption that galaxies and quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) dominate the metagalactic ultraviolet (UV) background, it is shown that at high redshifts, fluctuations in the UV background are dominated by QSO shot noise and have an autocorrelation length of a few to several comoving Mpcs, depending on the bright end of the QSO luminosity function. The correlations create long-range spatial coherence in the neutral hydrogen fraction. Using a semi-analytic model, it is demonstrated that the coherence may account for the broad distribution in effective optical depths measured in the Lyα forest spectra of background QSOs, for line-of-sight segments of comoving length $50\, h^{-1}$ Mpc at redshifts 5 < z < 6. Capturing the fluctuations in a numerical simulation requires a comoving box size of ∼1 Gpc, although a box half this size may be adequate if sufficient random realizations of the QSO population are performed.
Learning Likelihoods with Conditional Normalizing Flows

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are able to model complicated distributions p(y) with strong inter-dimensional correlations and high multimodality by transforming a simple base density p(z) through an invertible neural network under the change of variables formula. Such behavior is desirable in multivariate structured prediction tasks, where handcrafted per-pixel loss-based methods inadequately capture strong correlations between output dimensions. We present a study of conditional normalizing flows (CNFs), a class of NFs where the base density to output space mapping is conditioned on an input x, to model conditional densities p(y|x). CNFs are efficient in sampling and inference, they can be trained with a likelihood-based objective, and CNFs, being generative flows, do not suffer from mode collapse or training instabilities. We provide an effective method to train continuous CNFs for binary problems and in particular, we apply these CNFs to super-resolution and vessel segmentation tasks demonstrating competitive performance on standard benchmark datasets in terms of likelihood and conventional metrics.
A Contextual-Bandit Approach to Online Learning to Rank for Relevance and Diversity

Online learning to rank (LTR) focuses on learning a policy from user interactions that builds a list of items sorted in decreasing order of the item utility. It is a core area in modern interactive systems, such as search engines, recommender systems, or conversational assistants. Previous online LTR approaches either assume the relevance of an item in the list to be independent of other items in the list or the relevance of an item to be a submodular function of the utility of the list. The former type of approach may result in a list of low diversity that has relevant items covering the same aspects, while the latter approaches may lead to a highly diversified list but with some non-relevant items. In this paper, we study an online LTR problem that considers both item relevance and topical diversity. We assume cascading user behavior, where a user browses the displayed list of items from top to bottom and clicks the first attractive item and stops browsing the rest. We propose a hybrid contextual bandit approach, called CascadeHybrid, for solving this problem. CascadeHybrid models item relevance and topical diversity using two independent functions and simultaneously learns those functions from user click feedback. We derive a gap-free bound on the n-step regret of CascadeHybrid. We conduct experiments to evaluate CascadeHybrid on the MovieLens and Yahoo music datasets. Our experimental results show that CascadeHybrid outperforms the baselines on both datasets.
Applying Knowledge Transfer for Water Body Segmentation in Peru

In this work, we present the application of convolutional neural networks for segmenting water bodies in satellite images. We first use a variant of the U-Net model to segment rivers and lakes from very high-resolution images from Peru. To circumvent the issue of scarce labelled data, we investigate the applicability of a knowledge transfer-based model that learns the mapping from high-resolution labelled images and combines it with the very high-resolution mapping so that better segmentation can be achieved. We train this model in a single process, end-to-end. Our preliminary results show that adding the information from the available high-resolution images does not help out-of-the-box, and in fact worsen results. This leads us to infer that the high-resolution data could be from a different distribution, and its addition leads to increased variance in our results.
I MJ Encoder Skip Connections Points T-iterations Forward Gradients Update Faces Decoder Grid Sampler Neural Renderer

We present an image segmentation method that iteratively evolves a polygon. At each iteration, the vertices of the polygon are displaced based on the local value of a 2D shift map that is inferred from the input image via an encoder-decoder architecture. The main training loss that is used is the difference between the polygon shape and the ground truth segmentation mask. The network employs a neural renderer to create the polygon from its vertices, making the process fully differentiable. We demonstrate that our method outperforms the state of the art segmentation networks and deep active contour solutions in a variety of benchmarks, including medical imaging and aerial images. Our code is available at https://github.com/shirgur/ACDRNet.
On Korn’s inequality and the Jones eigenproblem on Lipschitz domains∗

In this paper we show that Korn’s inequality [13] holds for vector fields with a zero normal or tangential trace on a subset (of positive measure) of the boundary of Lipschitz domains. We further show that the validity of this inequality depends on the geometry of this subset of the boundary. We then consider the Jones eigenvalue problem which consists of the usual traction eigenvalue problem for the Lamé operator for linear elasticity coupled with a zero normal trace of the displacement on a nonempty part of the boundary. Here we extend the theoretical results in [3, 2, 6] to show the Jones eigenpairs exist on a broad variety of domains even when the normal trace of the displacement is constrained only on a subset of the boundary. We further show that one can have eigenpairs of a modified eigenproblem in which the constraint on the normal trace is replaced by one on the tangential trace.
OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING MANAGEMENT WITH DISTRIBUTIONAL LOCATIONAL MARGINAL PRICING

Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution systems are attracting a large amount of interest from researchers with the development of the smart grid technologies. A smart grid aims at effective control and conditioning of the distribution of electricity. Pricing signal based distribution system are seen as one of the novel ways to achieve control in a smart grid. In our work, we propose to use a pricing signal modeled after the locational marginal price in the transmission system to locally provide price data to the users. The formulation and implementation of the distributional locational marginal price (DLMP) are achieved to develop a fair pricing model. The work is further practically implemented to a grid with Electric Vehicles in addition to the conventional load. The increasing popularity of EVs because of their ability to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will pose a greater challenge in terms of demand on the power grid. We propose to use the DLMP modeling to alleviate congestion in the power grid and develop an optimal charging schedule for EVs.
Interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production by a human glioblastoma cell line, T98G in coculture with monocytes: Involvement of monocyte-derived interleukin-1-alpha

INTRODUCTION Cytokines are important regulatory proteins that influence the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant glial cells [1-3]. It is well recognized that cytokines are produced not only by cells of the immune system, but also by astrocytes and microglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and these cytokines may have roles as growth factors in normal and pathological conditions affecting the brain [. ]
Physiopathologie de la bronchiolite oblitérante des transplantés pulmonaires.

Introduction Le principal obstacle a la survie a long terme apres transplantation pulmonaire (TP) demeure le rejet chronique (RC) d'allogreffe qui se traduit sur le plan anatomique essentiellement par des lesions de bronchiolite obliterante (BO). La pathogenie de ce processus n'est pas encore totalement elucidee. Etat des connaissances Les theories actuelles retiennent des facteurs de risque, lies a l'alloreactivite vis-a-vis des antigenes d'histocompatibilite exprimes par l'endothelium et surtout par les cellules epitheliales du donneur, mais aussi nonimmunologiques, tels que l'infection a cytomegalovirus, les lesions d'ischemie, les alterations physico-chimiques locales. La participation de la reponse allogenique parait determinante dans le developpement ulterieur de la BO, le rejet aigu constituant le facteur de risque le plus significatif de cette complication. Quel que soit le degre d'implication de chacun de ces elements, il en resulte une lesion de l'epithelium bronchiolaire, qui induit une cascade d'evenements inflammatoires dans la paroi bronchique, impliquant diverses cellules et des mediateurs pro-inflammatoires. La phase cicatricielle fibroproliferative qui lui succede, generant un processus fibreux peri- et intra- luminal, est liee a la migration et la proliferation des cellules mesenchymateuses et des myofibroblastes et au depot de matrice extracellulaire, en reponse a des cytokines profibrosantes et a des facteurs de croissance liberes in situ. Dans cette synthese, nous analysons les facteurs de risque et le mecanismes actuellement reconnus dans l'evolution vers la BO. Perspectives et conclusions Une meilleure connaissance de la pathogenie de cette complication pourrait permettre un depistage plus precoce a un stade infra-clinique, et conduire a de nouvelles strategies preventives et therapeutiques.
Biological and ecological aspects of Xantusia sanchezi, an endangered lizard in an oak forest in the state of Jalisco, Mexico

Xantusia sanchezi is an endangered species that is endemic to Mexico and is known only from the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas.We studied a population from a locality known as Huaxtla, in the municipality of Zapopan in the state of Jalisco. Sampling was conducted over a period of 7 months in an area of 1.5 hectares of grassland and oak forest with boulders. Collected data included: body measurements (total length, snout-vent length, tail length, head length, head width, head height, femur length, and femoral pores), sex, weight, habitat and average temperature and humidity. Habitat characterization was made using a coverage analysis. A total of 29 individuals were captured with 7 re-captures. This work provides the first data on the biology and ecology of this species, which is known in Jalisco from only a small area under tremendous threat due to urban development.
Diversidad y datos reproductivos de mamíferos medianos y grandes en el bosque mesófilo de montaña de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco- Colima, México

El bosque mesofilo de montana (BMM) es uno de los ecosistemas con menor extension territorial y de los mas amenazados en Mexico. Este trabajo presenta datos sobre la riqueza, abundancia relativa, actividad y datos reproductivos de especies de mamiferos medianos y grandes en el BMM ubicado en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlan. Entre febrero de 2008 y agosto de 2009 utilizamos fototrampas con las que obtuvimos 372 registros independientes, correspondientes a 17 especies. Consideramos que esta informacion respalda una eleccion adecuada de metodo y sitios de monitoreo, pero ademas los datos de riqueza, abundancia relativa y reproduccion de las especies indican que el ecosistema se encuentra en buen estado de conservacion en la zona, lo que coincide con lo reportado recientemente por la CONABIO. Por lo anterior recomendamos establecer acciones de monitoreo a mediano y largo plazo en multiples sitios, con lo cual se podria complementar la evaluacion que se ha realizado a nivel nacional de este ecosistema.
Perbandingan Sekuens Konsensus Gen Hemaglutinin Virus Avian Influenza Subtipe H5N1 Asal Unggas di Indonesia dengan Subtipe H5N2 dan H5N9

Consensus sequence of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of avian influenza viruses of H5N1 subtype isolatedfrom fowl in Indonesia – hereafter named as H5N1_Indonesia – is compared with that of H5N2 and H5N9viruses. Sequence information were downloaded from the public database GeneBank. The genetic distancesand nucleotide as well as its deduced amino-acid sequence alignment were analysed. At nucleotide level,genetic distances of HA between H5N1_Indonesia to H5N2 and H5N9 are 16.2% and 9.6%, respectively.At amino-acid level, the distances are 9.7% and 6.8%. The genetic distances of HA1 fragments are 19.0%(H5N1_Indonesia – H5N2) and 10.9% (H5N1_Indonesia – H5N9). At amino-acid, level the genetic distancesof HA1 are 13.1% (H5N1_Indonesia-H5N2) and 8.8% (H5N1_Indonesia – H5N9). All three subtypes havedifferent glycosilation motive and variation of amino-acid sequence of four antigenic sites. The consequenceof those facts is discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM.F.-A THREATENED MEDICINAL PLANT

Embelia ribes Burm.f. commonly known as false black pepper , is being used since the ancient times, in the form of the drug 'Vidanga'. It has been attributed to contain numerous medicinal properties and is of very high commercial value. The root, berries and leaves of E.ribes is used in herbal formulas. It contains the benzoquinone compound embelin (2, 5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-benzo-quinone) which has been studied for its various medicinal activities such as antitumor, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antifungal and antifertility. This review is a comprehensive overview about the existing pharmacology of E.ribes, helping to fuel further research in the various unexplored activities that are attributable to this plant.
Type of breastfeeding and presence of sugar in the content of baby bottles.

JENNY ABANTO1; KARLA MAYRA PINTO E CARVAHO REZENDE1; FERNANDA NAHÁS PIRES CORRÊA1; THIAGO SAADS CARVALHO1; MARIÂNGELA LOPES BITAR2; MARIA SALETE NAHÁS PIRES CORRÊA1; MARCELO JOSÉ STRAZZERI BÖNECKER1 1Departamento de Odontopediatria. Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo 2Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo Endereço para correspondência: Jenny Abanto Departamento de Odontopediatria. Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227 Cidade Universitária. CEP 05508-000. São Paulo – SP. Brasil. e-mail: jennyaa@usp.br Agradecimentos: à Casa da Mãe Taubateana, Taubaté-SP, em especial à Sra. Ilmar Marques, coordenadora da entidade e Dra. Mirian Rosane Nones dos Santos (Cirurgiã dentista responsável pelo atendimento odontológico) por sempre nos receber com carinho e possibilitar a pesquisa. ABANTO, J.; REZENDE, K. M. P. C. ; CORRÊA, F. N. P.; CARVALHO, T. S. ; BITAR, M. L. ; CORRÊA, M. S. N. P.; BÖNECKER, M. J. S. Type of breastfeeding and presence of sugar in the content of baby bottles. Nutrire: rev. Soc. Bras. Alim. Nutr. = J. Brazilian Soc. Food Nutr. , São Paulo, SP, v. 35, n. 3, p. 57-66, dez. 2010.
Investigation of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in populations of the New World Screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae are known for their parasitic habit in living vertebrates, causing considerable economic losses to livestock industry. This ectoparasite has been controlled mainly by applying insecticides, but this method usually results in the selection of resistant individuals. The resistance mechanism known as knockdown resistance (kdr) is a generic term for amino acid substitutions in the sodium channel associated with pyrethroid resistance, and substitutions in residue 251 of the carboxylesterase E3 have been associated with organophosphate and pyrethroid hydrolysis. We looked for L1014F kdr and W251S mutations in the sodium channel and E3 genes, respectively, in C. hominivorax populations. Ten populations obtained from its current distribution were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. No mutant individuals were found for the kdr mutation. However, the W251S mutation was found in all populations investigated. Results from
Palaemonidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the shallow waters from Quintana Roo, Mexican Caribbean coast

Few studies have focused on the palaemonid fauna of the Mexican Caribbean. This study provides a list of shallow water free-living and symbiont shrimps of the family Palaemonidae collected on turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) in Bahia de la Ascension, Bahia del Espiritu Santo and Mahahual reef lagoon, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Ten species in 8 genera are reported, of which the genus Periclimenes is the most diverse with 3 species. An updated geographic distribution along the western Atlantic and other regions is provided for all the species. The greatest affinity of the palaemonid fauna studied, besides that with the Caribbean province, is with the Brazilian, Argentinian, and Texan zoogeographic provinces. Of the 10 species reported in this paper, 8 represent new local records in the studied area.
Evaluation of the nutritive value of sugarcane residues inoculated with fungus Fomes sp Evaluación del valor nutritivo de residuos de caña de azúcar inoculado con hongo Fomes sp

Objective. Improve the nutritional value of mechanized sugarcane residues inoculating the fungus Fomes sp. EUM1. Materials and methods. The fungus Fomes was inoculated according to a 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% (w/v) treatment and incubated at a temperature of 35°C for 7, 10 and 13 days. It was obtained DM, OM, CP, ash, NDF and ADF and the effective degradation of DM, NDF and ADF, with an experimental factorial design of 3X3 and a completely randomized design. The factors were growing days in an Erlenmeyer flask (7, 10, and 13) and inoculum percentage (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3). The data were analyzed with the SAS statistical package. Results. Statistical significance was found in the interaction of the fungus growing days by percentage of inoculum, in the variables: DM, CP and pH. The NDF and ADF factor differed in the percentage of inoculum. Effective degradation showed significant for the same type of interaction in all the variables studied. Conclusions. The inoculation of the fungus increased ADF degradation by only 0.2% of the inoculum percentage, without any effect on effective degradation due to the use of soluble fractions at the beginning of the incubation. It is considered that the degradation occurs in stages that are important to consider for determining treatments to maximize the beneficial effects of the fungus in terms of ruminant nutrition.
Efecto del tipo de concentrado sobre indicadores sanguíneos del metabolismo de energía y de proteínas en vacas lecheras en pastoreo primaveral # Effects of two type of concentrate on energy and protein blood metabolites in grazing dairy cows during spring

SUMMARY The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with starch or fibre-based concentrates on blood metabolites in dairy cows fed spring pasture. Twenty seven lactating Friesian cows producing 30.0 L/day were assigned to completely randomized design for 42 days. The treatments included: Grazing alone (TG), grazing plus 6 kg/d of sugar beet pulp-based concentrate (TA) and grazing plus 6 kg/d of cereal-based concentrate (TF). The cows were supplemented twice a day and managed under a strip grazing system on pasture consisting mainly of perennial ryegrass. Six coccigeal blood samples from each cow were obtained for seven consecutive days after the morning milking in vacuum tubes containing sodium heparin and sodium fluoride. Plasma was separated after centrifugation, frozen at –25oC and analyzed for βOH-butyrate, glucose, urea and albumin. The unsupplemented group had a lower glycaemia and a higher βOH-butyrate concentrations than TA and TF (P 0.05). From the results it can be concluded that supplementation with starch concentrate advantage the energetic balance in lactating dairy cows at pasture. The supplementation with concentrate based on starch or fibre decreased the risk of sub clinical ketosis, and increase the utilization of pasture nitrogen reducing plasma urea concentrations.
Pharmacoepidemiologic studies of statins in rheumatoid arthritis

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . ix GLOSSARY. x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.xii DEDICATION . xiii CO-AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT.xiv CHAPTER
The human genes for GM-CSF and IL 3 are closely linked in tandem on chromosome 5

As demonstrated by long-range mapping of restriction endonuclease recognition sequences and genomic cloning, we found that the human genes encoding interleukin 3 (IL 3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are tandemly arrayed on the long arm of chromosome 5, separated by 9 kilobases (kb) of DNA. This close physical linkage of genes with similar structure and biologic function suggests that these cytokines may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. This linkage in evolution of two relatively divergent genes further implies that some of the other lymphokine and cytokine genes that appear to share as much or more sequence similarity than do IL 3 and GM- CSF may be distantly related members of a cytokine gene family.
Aurora Kinase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Treatment

Metastatic breast cancer, despite many medical advances, remains an incurable disease. Therefore, treatments that overcome cancer cell resistance to current treatments are needed to decrease relapse and onset of metastatic disease. Aurora-A kinase has been implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression of the disease. It has also been shown to play a role in increasing a more chemotherapy-resistant, mesenchymal phenotype, and cells with stem cell-like characteristics. Pre-clinical data have been encouraging with inhibitors of Aurora-A kinase signaling, showing decreased proliferation and increased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to both hormonal and chemotherapy treatments. In early clinical trials with Alisertib, the most clinically advanced Aurora-A inhibitor, there have been early signals of activity, especially in the HR+ and HER2-positive breast cancer patient population. There is ongoing research in developing further specific Aurora-A and pan-Aurora kinase inhibitors and to identify biomarkers to show appropriate patient population for treatment. The first breast cancer-specific clinical trial with an Alisertib and Fulvestrant combination has completed accrual, and we are eagerly awaiting data to confirm that Aurora-A kinase inhibition has a role in the treatment of breast cancer.