Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular microparticles: what are they bad or good for?

Summary. Microparticles are fragments released from the plasma membrane of most stimulated or apoptotic cells. After having long been considered inert cell debris, of possible value for the diagnosis of cell activation or death, there is increasing documented evidence that they can interact with neighboring or remote cells, in which case they acquire a pathophysiologic potential. On the one hand, deleterious microparticles stemming from activated cells can elicit an adverse response from other cells, themselves undergoing membrane vesiculation, leading to pathogenic amplification. On the other hand, since they are thought to reflect a balance between cell stimulation, proliferation, and death, it is conceivable that they are discerned as sensors for the maintenance of homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Because vesiculation is an integral part of the plasma‐membrane remodeling process, with the transverse migration of procoagulant phosphatidylserine from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet as the central event, the majority of released microparticles are thought to fulfill a hemostatic function under physiologic conditions. This is particularly true when they originate from platelets, with possible deviation towards thrombosis when produced in excess. Owing to these procoagulant properties, the hemostasis laboratory offers the most appropriate tools for the assessment of the in vivo significance of microparticles.
Incidence and prevalence of cleft lip and palate: what we think we know.

The descriptive epidemiology of the spectrum of orofacial cleft disorders has many methodologic problems, including (1) casefinding using data sources such as birth certificates, fetal death certificates, and hospital records that often produce ascertainment bias, selection bias, or both and (2) the multiple comparisons problem (i.e., the chance occurrence of statistically significant findings). The resultant incidence and prevalence rates from studies with inadequate designs or inadequate data are limited and may be misleading. A variety of reasons is advanced to explain the wide discrepancies in reported statistics on orofacial clefting from different geographic areas, ethnic groups, and time periods. Specific recommendations are offered for producing better epidemiologic data. An example of how higher quality descriptive statistics can be used for future hypothesis testing is also provided.
Salvage Lymphadenectomy in the Treatment of Nodal Recurrence of Prostate Cancer Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and PET-PSMA CT - Case Report

Prostate cancer (PC) still remains the most frequent oncologic disease in the urogenital tract, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the 5th leading cause of cancer death worldwide [1]. Screening may increase the chances of detection of the disease in the early stages however, despite all the technological advances and debates on the management of localized disease RP remains a good treatment option [2]. Unfortunately a successful surgery does not mean a disease-free status at the long term. A significant proportion of men undergoing curative treatment for PC will develop biochemical recurrence (BR) [3]. Some studies have shown proportion ranging from 15% to 40% of BR between those men treated by RP, which can be associated with local or systemic remaining of the disease [4,5]. Presenting concerns and diagnostic assessment
Perspectives de recherche pour la géographie des maladies

II y a pres de quarante ans, Max. Sorre proposait le terme de « complexe pathogene » pour designer a la fois le milieu et le processus de transmission des grandes endemies des zones subtropicales et tropicales. Il est question ici d'aborder le probleme a propos des pays industriels en termes d'environnement. Dans ce cas, le processus de relation entre le milieu et les modifications apportees au milieu par les techniques industrielles est encore inconnu. Il est propose comme objet de recherche de la part des medecins, a partir d'etudes de correlations spatiales et plus precisement geographiques, entre certaines particularites ou modifications de l'environnement et l'apparition ou l'accroissement de la frequence de certaines affections.
Turnover mechanisms of the stable yeast PGK1 mRNA

The first step in the decay of several yeast mRNAs is the shortening of the poly(A) tail, which for the MFA2 transcript triggers decapping and 5'-to-3' degradation. To understand the basis for differences in mRNA decay rates, it is important to determine if deadenylation-dependent decapping is specific to the unstable MFA2 transcript or is a general mechanism of mRNA degradation. To this end, we analyzed the turnover of the stable PGK1 mRNA by monitoring the decay of a pulse of newly synthesized transcripts while using two strategies to trap decay intermediates. First, we used strains deleted for the XRN1 gene, which encodes a major 5'-to-3' exonuclease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In xrn1 delta cells, PGK1 transcripts lacking the 5' cap structure and a few nucleotides at the 5' end were detected after deadenylation. Second, we inserted into the PGK1 5' untranslated region strong RNA secondary structures, which can slow exonucleolytic digestion and thereby trap decay intermediates. These secondary structures led to the accumulation of PGK1 mRNA fragments, following deadenylation, trimmed from the 5' end to the site of the secondary structure. The insertion of strong secondary structures into the 5' untranslated region also inhibited translation of the mRNA and greatly stimulated the decay of the PGK1 transcripts, suggesting that translation of the PGK1 mRNA is required for its normally slow rate of decay. These results suggest that one mechanism of degradation of the PGK1 transcript is deadenylation followed by decapping and subsequent 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic degradation. In addition, by blocking the 5'-to-3' degradation process, we observed PGK1 mRNA fragments that are consistent with a 3'-to-5' pathway of mRNA turnover that is slightly slower than the decapping/5'-to-3' decay pathway. These observations indicate that there are multiple mechanisms by which an individual transcript can be degraded following deadenylation.
Emergency department use among the homeless and marginally housed: results from a community-based study.

OBJECTIVES This study examined factors associated with emergency department use among homeless and marginally housed persons. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 2578 homeless and marginally housed persons, and factors associated with different patterns of emergency department use were assessed in multivariate models. RESULTS Findings showed that 40.4% of respondents had 1 or more emergency department encounters in the previous year; 7.9% exhibited high rates of use (more than 3 visits) and accounted for 54.5% of all visits. Factors associated with high use rates included less stable housing, victimization, arrests, physical and mental illness, and substance abuse. Predisposing and need factors appeared to drive emergency department use. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to reduce emergency department use among the homeless should be targeted toward addressing underlying risk factors among those exhibiting high rates of use.
N-Glycan Remodeling on Glucagon Receptor Is an Effector of Nutrient Sensing by the Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway*

Background: The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway to UDP-GlcNAc has been implicated in glucose homeostasis. Results: UDP-GlcNAc and Golgi N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases modify the N-glycans on glucagon receptor, which increases sensitivity to glucagon in vivo. Conclusion: The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway contributes to glucose homeostasis, in part through N-glycan branching on glucagon receptor. Significance: Hepatic Mgat5 and the N-glycan branching pathway may be a therapeutic target for control of glycemia. Glucose homeostasis in mammals is dependent on the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon. The Golgi N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases encoded by Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4a/b/c, and Mgat5 modify the N-glycans on receptors and solute transporter, possibly adapting activities in response to the metabolic environment. Herein we report that Mgat5−/− mice display diminished glycemic response to exogenous glucagon, together with increased insulin sensitivity. Glucagon receptor signaling and gluconeogenesis in Mgat5−/− cultured hepatocytes was impaired. In HEK293 cells, signaling by ectopically expressed glucagon receptor was increased by Mgat5 expression and GlcNAc supplementation to UDP-GlcNAc, the donor substrate shared by Mgat branching enzymes. The mobility of glucagon receptor in primary hepatocytes was reduced by galectin-9 binding, and the strength of the interaction was dependent on Mgat5 and UDP-GlcNAc levels. Finally, oral GlcNAc supplementation rescued the glucagon response in Mgat5−/− hepatocytes and mice, as well as glycolytic metabolites and UDP-GlcNAc levels in liver. Our results reveal that the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and GlcNAc salvage contribute to glucose homeostasis through N-glycan branching on glucagon receptor.
Towards a Semantic Model for Automated Deployment of IoT Services across Platforms

In the landscape of Web of Things (WoT), we encounter various WoT platforms. The WoT platforms can collect, manage and mash up a huge mass of things and their data by using Web technologies. Considering heterogeneous things deployed across different platforms, the interoperability issue between things and platforms has been raised as one of major challenges in achieving the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we propose a Semantic Service Description (SSD) ontology to guarantee the semantic consistency of a service description. We also present an approach to generating a service description and deploying a set of heterogeneous things to different platforms automatically. Through the implementation of a prototype, the applicability of our proposal is demonstrated and the experimental results are discussed.
L'Afrique au prisme de l'ethnicité : perception française et actualité du débat

L’ethnicite est frequemment percue de maniere negative en France alors que la nation y est tres positivement connotee. L’une renverrait aux liens de culture et de sang alors que l’autre serait une communaute imaginee fondee sur le lien politique et le contrat social. Cette perception de l’ethnicite a decisivement informe la politique coloniale de la France comme construction du rapport a l’Autre et determine encore sa maniere de se representer l’Afrique. Mais l’ethnicite est-elle l’unique grille de lecture du politique en Afrique et explique-t-elle tout ? Son analyse peut-elle etre dissociee des autres dynamiques qui « travaillent » les societes africaines ? Comment interpreter sa recurrence dans les situations de changement politique que connait le continent depuis une dizaine d’annees ? Au rebours de toute diabolisation, on peut faire l’hypothese que l’ethnicite peut etre un mode legitime de participation politique et d’acces a l’espace public. Autrement dit, sa pregnance ne serait pas forcement incompatible avec l’enracinement de la democratie, comme idee et systeme politique.
Fetal myelomeningocele repair: short-term clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The study was undertaken to evaluate short-term clinical outcomes with antenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of 50 fetuses that underwent open fetal MMC closure was performed. Inclusion criteria included less than 26 weeks' gestation, thoracic to S1 level defect, absent clubfoot deformity, Arnold-Chiari malformation, ventriculomegaly less than 17 mm, normal karyotype, and no other anomalies. RESULTS Perinatal survival was 94% (47/50 fetuses). Mean age at delivery was 34 weeks 3 days. All fetuses demonstrated reversal of hindbrain herniation. Forty-three percent of the 50 fetuses have required ventriculoperitoneal shunting compared with 100% thoracic, 88% lumbar, and 68% sacral (85% overall) in 297 historic controls. Better-than-predicted leg function was seen in 57% of thoracic and lumbar level lesion patients. CONCLUSION Early experience with fetal MMC repair suggests a decreased need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting, arrest or slowing of progressive ventriculomegaly, and consistent resolution of hindbrain herniation. However, further long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate neurodevelopment and bladder and bowel function.
FUTBOL SEYİRCİLERİNİN SPOR ALANLARINDAKİ SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI HAKKINDA BETİMSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA: KIRŞEHİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Arastirmada Kirsehir ilindeki futbol seyircilerinin saldirganlik davranislari hakkindaki gorusleri ile yas, cinsiyet, gelir duzeyi, egitim duzeyi, meslegi, gibi degiskenler acisindan bir iliski olup olmadigi arastirilmistir. Arastirmada betimsel yontem kullanilmis ve veriler anket yoluyla elde edilmistir. Arastirmada sinirlandirilmis evren kullanilmis ve 2006–2007 futbol sezonunda 2.lig B kategorisinde mucadele eden Kirsehir Spor ile Tokat Spor arasinda oynanan (15.02.2007) musabakada, 481 Kirsehir Spor seyircisi calisma orneklemini olusturmustur. Seyircilerin spor alanlarindaki saldirganlik davranislari hakkindaki goruslerinin belirlenmesinde frekans (f), yuzde (%), aritmetik ortalama (X) ve standart sapma (ss) degerleri belirlenerek bulgular kismi olusturulmustur. Ayrica seyircilerin saldirganlik davranislari ve bagimsiz degiskenler arasindaki iliskinin belirlenmesinde One-Way ANOVA (Tek Yonlu Varyans Analizi) ve t testi analiz sonuclarindan yararlanilmistir. Arastirma bulgulari sonucunda; seyircilerin spor musabakalarina gitme sebeplerinin cogunlukla takimini izleyip destek verme ve ilgilerinden kaynaklandigi ve seyircilerin buyuk cogunlugunun sporda saldirganlik ve siddet olaylarini onlemeye yonelik yururlukteki bulunan yasalari bilmedigi gorulmustur
Beyond Bounds of Reality: Acute Stress Disorder Presenting with Delusional Misidentification Syndromes

became calm but harbored the delusions. Supportive counseling sessions involving the patient and her husband addressed the underlying conflicts resulting in significant reduction of anxiety. The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale[6] was used to calibrate the rate of resolution of delusions (D1 and D2) [Figure 2]. Even as the psychotropics were stopped within a week, fortnightly follow‐up sessions were continued for 3 months without any relapse of symptoms. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient and her husband.
Aromatizing activity of placental microsomal fractions from ewes in late gestation.

Placental microsomes from eight domestic sheep at 136-146 days of gestation were incubated with radioactive androstenedione, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Aromatizing activity was examined in the presence and absence of cortisol and the rates of both oestrone and oestradiol synthesis were measured. Oestrone predominated in preference to oestradiol in most of the incubations, a result opposite to that found with human placentae. The sharp increase in the rate of oestradiol production found in the 144- to 146-day-old placentae incubated with testosterone may indicate a more rapid increase of aromatizing than of 17beta-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase activity. The presence of cortisol in the mixtures did not significantly affect the placental aromatizing activity, indicating that there is no direct effect of cortisol on the enzyme system as measured in vitro. The dramatic rise of overall mean aromatizing activity from 4.86 plus or minus 0.22 (S.E.M.) at 138-141 days of gestation to 12.96 plus or minus 0.38 pmol/mg protein/min at 144-146 days (with a greater relative increase in the rate of oestradiol formation), suggests that changes in placental aromatizing activity may play an important role in maternal and foetal plasma oestrogen surges before ovine parturition.
Effect of waterfowl (Anas platyrhynchos) on indicator bacteria populations in a recreational lake Madison, Wisconsin

A public swimming beach in Madison, wis. , experienced intermittent high fecal coliform counts during the late summer and early fall of 1978. Public health officials closed the beach on a number of occasions. A public health survey identified a combination of waterfowl wastes and meteorological events as the explanation for the high bacteria counts. Fecal coliform bacteria were deposited by mallard ducks and multiplied in the beach sands. The bacteria were subsequently transported into the lake and resulted in high fecal coliform counts in the swimming area.
Globally Exponential Synchronization and Synchronizability for General Dynamical Networks

The globally exponential synchronization problem for general dynamical networks is considered in this paper. One quantity will be distilled from the coupling matrix to characterize the synchronizability of the corresponding dynamical networks. The calculation of such a quantity is very convenient even for large-scale networks. The network topology is assumed to be directed and weakly connected, which implies that the coupling configuration matrix can be asymmetric, weighted, or reducible. This assumption is more consistent with the realistic network in practice than the constraint of symmetry and irreducibility. By using the Lyapunov functional method and the Kronecker product techniques, some criteria are obtained to guarantee the globally exponential synchronization of general dynamical networks. In addition, numerical examples, including small-world and scale-free networks, are given to demonstrate the theoretical results. It will be shown that our criteria are available for large-scale dynamical networks.
Health of Children Born as a Result of In Vitro Fertilization

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to use nationwide registries to examine the health of children up to 4 years of age who were born as a result of in vitro fertilization. METHODS. Children born after in vitro fertilization (N = 4559) from 1996 to 1999 were monitored until 2003. Two control groups were selected from the Finnish Medical Birth Register as follows: all other children (excluding children born after ovulation induction) from the same period (N = 190398, for study of perinatal health and hospitalizations) and a random sample of those children (n = 26877, for study of health-related benefits). Mortality rates and odds ratios for perinatal outcomes, hospitalizations, health-related benefits, and long-term medication use were calculated. RESULTS. Although the health of most in vitro fertilization children was good, such children had more health problems than other children. A total of 35.7% of in vitro fertilization children and 2.2% of control children were multiple births, and the health of multiple births was worse than that of singletons. Perinatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization children were worse and hospital episodes were more common than among control children. Risks for cerebral palsy and psychological and developmental disorders were increased. Among in vitro fertilization singletons, worse results for perinatal outcomes and hospitalizations, but no increased risk for specific diseases, were found. The health of in vitro fertilization multiple births was comparable to the health of control multiple births. CONCLUSIONS. Reducing the number of transferred embryos would improve the health of in vitro fertilization children. Additional studies are needed to explain the poorer health of in vitro fertilization singletons, as well as follow-up studies to examine the health of in vitro fertilization children from 4 years onward.
Acoustic modeling for speech recognition based on spotting of phonetic units

A two stage approach to acoustic modeling for speech recognition is presented. First, a set of phoneme-like units are spotted in the continuous speech stream, then the outputs of the spotters are modeled as the observations generated by an HMM. The motivation is that this model allows overlap and/or gaps in the acoustic realizations of the phonetic units upon which recognition is based. This is in contrast to conventional HMM-based approaches, which model continuous speech as a concatenation of models for the individual phonetic units, and which therefore assume that the acoustic realizations also concatenate. We argue that phenomena such as coarticulation can be viewed as temporal overlap of the acoustic realizations of adjacent phonetic units. Some TIMIT-phone recognition experiments are presented, in which the new model has an error rate approximately 8% higher than a conventional context-independent HMM-based recognizer using standard CEP-based features. Some possible improvements to the model are discussed, and experiments are continuing. <<ETX>>
Human skeletal muscle fiber type classifications.

Human skeletal muscle is composed of a heterogenous collection of muscle fiber types.1–3 This range of muscle fiber types allows for the wide variety of capabilities that human muscles display. In addition, muscle fibers can adapt to changing demands by changing size or fiber type composition. This plasticity serves as the physiologic basis for numerous physical therapy interventions designed to increase a patient's force development or endurance. Changes in fiber type composition also may be partially responsible for some of the impairments and disabilities seen in patients who are deconditioned because of prolonged inactivity, limb immobilization, or muscle denervation.2 Over the past several decades, the number of techniques available for classifying muscle fibers has increased, resulting in several classification systems. The objective of this update is to provide the basic knowledge necessary to read and interpret research on human skeletal muscle. Muscle fiber types can be described using histochemical, biochemical, morphological, or physiologic characteristics; however, classifications of muscle fibers by different techniques do not always agree.1 Therefore, muscle fibers that may be grouped together by one classification technique may be placed in different categories using a different classification technique. A basic understanding of muscle structure and physiology is necessary to understand the muscle fiber classification techniques. Muscle fibers are composed of functional units called sarcomeres.3 Within each sarcomere are the myofibrillar proteins myosin (the thick filament) and actin (the thin filament). The interaction of these 2 myofibrillar proteins allows muscles to contract (Fig. 1). 4 Several classification techniques differentiate fibers based on different myosin structures (isoforms) or physiologic capabilities.1,2,5 The myosin molecule is composed of 6 polypeptides: 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains (2 regulatory and 2 alkali). A regulatory and an alkali light chain are associated …