Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Diversity and Inclusion in Introductory Physics

An Exploration of Diversity and Inclusion in Introductory Physics Rachel J. Henderson Diversity and inclusion has been a concern for the physics community for nearly 50 years. Despite significant efforts including the American Physical Society (APS) Conferences for Undergraduate Women in Physics (CUWiP) and the APS Bridge Program, women, African Americans, and Hispanics continue to be substantially underrepresented in the physics profession. Similar efforts within the field of engineering, whose students make up the majority of students in the introductory calculus-based physics courses, have also met with limited success. With the introduction of research-based instruments such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI), the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE), and the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM), differences in performance by gender began to be reported. Researchers have yet to come to an agreement as to why these “gender gaps” exist in the conceptual inventories that are widely used in physics education research and/or how to reduce the gaps. The “gender gap” has been extensively studied; on average, for the mechanics conceptual inventories, male students outperform female students by 13% on the pretest and by 12% post instruction. While much of the gender gap research has been geared toward the mechanics conceptual inventories, there have been few studies exploring the gender gap in the electricity and magnetism conceptual inventories. Overall, male students outperform female students by 3.7% on the pretest and 8.5% on the post-test; however, these studies have much more variation including one study showing female students outperforming male students on the CSEM. Many factors have been proposed that may influence the gender gap, from differences in background and preparation to various psychological and sociocultural effects. A parallel but largely disconnected set of research has identified gender biased questions within the FCI. This research has produced sporadic results and has only been performed on the FCI. The work performed in this manuscript will seek to synthesize these strands and use large datasets and deep demographic data to understand the persistent differences in male and female performance. Dedicated to my family. For their love and endless support.
Assessment in a specialist referred family centre: outcomes for children

Relatively little is known about the outcomes of assessment as an information gathering mechanism as well as a therapeutic encounter in which service users explore and share their problems. Assessment in child welfare is now a highly topical issue given the new assessment framework recently introduced to England and which is currently a matter of consultation in Wales. In contributing to a long running debate over ‘what works’ in child protection assessment and intervention, a United Kingdom national voluntary child care agency commissioned the authors to undertake a three year outcomes study of a child and family assessment service provided by their specialist referred family centre in South Wales. The paper sets out selected findings that reveal an assessment regimen which encouraged partnership, enjoyed a comparatively high level of engagement particularly from male parents/carers, and was perceived by adult users as positive. It promoted clear decision making about the placement of children. Also, children involved in these assessments appeared to be exposed to low risk of re-abuse compared to other relevant studies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The experience of clinical nurse specialists in oncology with reference to psychological support : an IPA study

Introduction: The presence of psychological distress following a diagnosis of cancer is well evidenced. To meet this need, the role of oncology clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) has expanded in line with national guidance to include the provision of psychological support to patients and their families. Skills training and supervision has been provided by clinical psychologists. However, there has been little research focusing on the role and experience of the CNS doing this work. This present study researched the experience of CNSs working with patients with cancer and their families in order to understand more fully their experiences. Method: Eight CNSs from four NHS trusts were interviewed about their experience of their role, including the recent expectation of offering psychological support. These interviews were transcribed and individually analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, before conducting a group analysis to identify overall themes. Results: Four key themes and fourteen sub-themes emerged through this analysis. The first theme ‘The everyday experience’ captured the experiences and demands of participants in their day-to-day work. ‘The impact of working with patients’ captured a range of experiences of the emotional and existential impact that doing this work involves. ‘Understanding and working out the role’ illustrated the way in which participants must work out their role and identity within their organisational context. Finally, participants experienced ‘Needing recognition and support’ as they carry out this vital role. Two overarching phenomenological themes were also identified as ‘ambivalence’ and ‘uncertainty’ and these run throughout the experiences of all the participants. Discussion: The findings were examined in relation to existing literature. The strengths and limitations of the study were presented and future research suggested. Finally, the clinical implications of this research were identified which included suggestions for training, the use of supervision and greater role clarity.
Mathematical Modeling of Malaria: Theories of Malaria Elimination

Mathematical Modeling of Malaria: Theories of Malaria Elimination Geoffrey Louis Chi-Johnston This dissertation describes the development and application of a new mathematical model for simulating the progression of Plasmodium falciparum infections in individuals with no malarial acquired immunity. The model allows for stochastic simulation of asexual and sexual parasitemias as well as the onset of fever and human to mosquito infectivity on a daily time scale. The model components for the asexual and sexual stages were developed elsewhere but are here extended to allow for simulation of the full range of dynamics observed in a subset of malaria therapy patients. As a first application of the model, I calculate the human component of malarial R0, the basic reproductive number. I then compare this value to those from three other models and describe how this quantity can be used to model malaria transmission. The second application of the model incorporates the effects of drug treatment on progression of infection by utilizing modeled pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a variety of antimalarials. I utilize a stage specific proportional killing model for sexual stages, informed from recent in vitro data. The relationship of effect sizes to treatment coverage and type of treatment in both early and late treatment seeking settings is calculated. In the third chapter, I consider the economic and epidemiological ramifications of antimalarial and rapid diagnostic subsidization for malaria control. For the epidemiological modeling I utilize a semi-mechanistic model of the spread of drug resistance parameterized from historical malaria mortality data; for the economic model I consider the effect of rapid diagnostics on the intensive and extensive margins of antibiotics and antimalarials, as well as the benefits to improved targeting of both. I find that rapid diagnostic testing is justified given our baseline assumptions for areas with low proportions of malarious individuals among all treatment-seekers, but that caution is necessary before deployment worldwide. For antimalarial subsidization, we find that this is a cost-effective method for reducing mortality in developing countries, though efforts to delay the onset and slow the spread of resistance are urgently needed.
Mathematical modelling of epidemic systems influenced by maternal antibodies and public health intervention

The general subject area of research considered in this thesis is population level epidemic modelling of infectious diseases, with specific application to the problems of model indeterminacy and systems that include processes associated with maternally acquired immunity. The work presents the derivation and analysis of a lumped systems model framework to study the influence of maternal antibodies on the population dynamics of infection among neonate and young infant age classes. The proposed models are defined by sets of ordinary and partial differential equations that describe the variation of distinct states in the natural history of infection with respect to time and/or age. The model framework is extended to explore the potential population level outcomes and consequences of mass maternal immunisation: an emerging targeted vaccine strategy that utilises the active transfer of neutralising antibodies during pregnancy in order to supplement neonatal immunity during the first few months of life. A qualitative analysis of these models has highlighted the importance of interaction with early childhood targeted vaccination campaigns, the potential to invoke transient epidemic behaviour and the prospective advantages of seasonal administration. The work considers the implications of structural identifiability, indistinguishability and formal sensitivity analyses on a number of fundamental model structures within the proposed framework. These methods are used to establish whether a postulated model structure, or the individual parameters within a known structure, are uniquely determinable from a given set of empirical observations. The main epidemiological measures available for the validation of epidemic models are inherently based on records of clinical disease or age serological surveys, which are not explicitly representative of infection and provide a very limited observation of the full system state. The analyses suggest that these issues give rise to problems of indeterminacy even in the most simple models, such that certain system characteristics cannot be uniquely estimated from available data.
Cancer-related fears: A significant psychological burden in cancer patients and their caregivers

An increasing proportion of patients diagnosed with cancer are becoming long-term survivors, living more than 5 years after their diagnosis without a recurrence (1). Their number is rapidly growing and more than 3% of the adult populations in developed countries are now cancer survivors (2). With this favorable trend, there is an increasing focus among patients, clinicians, and researchers in the Western world on cancer survivors' quality of life and well-being, and their unmet needs (2-4). In this issue of Reports of Radiotherapy and Oncology too, we see a welcome sign of the same focus in Iran in“Cancer-related fears in Iranian patients, a survey from South East of Iran”. Fear of progression of cancer (or fear of cancer recurrence) is totally understandable as a rational response to the very real threat of cancer and its treatments. However, elevated levels of this fear can affect well-being, quality of life, and social functioning (5). Fear of progression is one of the common distress symptoms of patients with cancer and one of the most prevalent areas of unmet needs for cancer survivors and their caregivers; it can be a very significant psychological burden (5-7). But it is difficult to accurately estimate its frequency, as a clear clinical consensus in this regard is lacking. Based on recent systematic reviews, Herschbach and Dinkel suggest that probably 50% of cancer patients experience moderate to severe fear of progression (5). The present “survey from South East of Iran” in this issue of the journal too reports descriptive indices of the male and female surveyed patients concerning their social, personal, individual, disease-related fears in the table 3. Another very important aspect of the cancer fears is its presence among the caregivers of the cancer patients. This aspect of the problem has unfortunately not been addressed in the present “survey from South East of Iran”. Simard et al in their systematic review of fear of cancer recurrence found that carers reported higher fear in this regard than the patients (6). According to Longacre et al in their study of caregivers for head and neck cancer patients, caregivers experienced poorer psychological health, including higher levels of anxious symptoms, compared to the patients (8). I hope that further surveys and studies from Iran address this matter too. The field of cancer-related fears is an emerging research area in the cancer survivorship literature (7). I agree with the authors of “Cancer-related fears in Iranian patients” that their survey is important as a basis for comparison purposes and further researches, and hope that this significant problem of psychological well-being and quality of life in cancer patients and their caregivers in the course of treatment of follow-up is reported on and discussed more frequently in the Reports of Radiotherapy and Oncology.
Determinan Agresivitas Bank Dalam Pengambilan Risiko: Kasus Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi agresivitas bank di Indonesia dalam pengambilan risiko. Merujuk riset-riset sebelumnya di beberapa negara, suku bunga pasar, kapitalisasi, profitabilitas, ukuran asset bank, diversifikasi pendapatan bank dan tingkat efisiensi bank adalah faktor-faktor yang memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap perilaku pengambilan risiko oleh bank. Suku bunga yang digunakan adalah Jakarta Interbank Offered Rate, Indonesia Government Bonds Yield, Bank Indonesia Rate, dan Bank level Lending Rate. Tingkat agresivitas dalam pengambilan risiko (bank risk taking) diukur dengan menggunakan dua cara yaitu jumlah asset berisiko yang dimiliki bank dan besarnya risiko kredit bank. Risiko kredit diukur menggunakan cadangan kerugian pinjaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bank Indonesia Rate merupakan suku bunga yang paling mempengaruhi agresivitas bank dalam pengambilan risiko yang diukur dengan aset berisiko maupun yang diukur dengan cadangan kerugian pinjaman. Efisiensi, diversifikasi pendapatan, dan profitabilitas menjadi faktor-faktor yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat agresivitas bank dalam mengambil risiko.
The Hasimoto Surface According to Bishop Frame

Bu calismada Oklidyen 3-uzayindaki Hasimoto yuzeyleri incelenmistir. Ilk olarak, Oklidyen 3-uzayindaki Hasimoto yuzeylerinin geometrik ozellikleri incelenmistir. Ozellikle Bishop catisi ile iliskilendirilmis bu yuzeylerin egrilikleri elde edilmistir. Daha sonrasinda bu yuzeylerin Bishop catisina gore parametre egrilerinin bazi karakterizasyonlari verilmistir.
Exercícios terapêuticos nas desordens temporomandibulares: uma revisão de literatura

A articulacao temporomandibular faz parte do sistema estomatognatico que, junto com os dentes, periodonto, coluna cervical, crânio e cintura escapular, e responsavel pela mastigacao, fonacao, degluticao, respiracao e expressao facial. Exercicios terapeuticos tem sido empregados na reabilitacao e prevencao das disfuncoes temporomandibulares (DTM). Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura a respeito, verificando a eficacia dos exercicios terapeuticos nas DTM. Foram examinados periodicos do periodo entre 1991 e agosto de 2008, nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed, utilizando as palavras-chave "desordem temporomandibular", "terapia por exercicios" e as correspondentes em ingles. Foram selecionados relatos de caso, artigos de revisao e ensaios clinicos com mais de 20 pacientes, num total de 53 artigos. A maioria relatou efeitos positivos na reducao da dor, melhora da mobilidade e dos aspectos psicologicos, sugerindo que os exercicios podem contribuir no tratamento da DTM. Entretanto, o tipo, tempo de duracao, numero de repeticoes, frequencia e intensidade dos exercicios nao esta bem descrita. A falta de padronizacao das pesquisas, bem como da forma de avaliar, dificultam a comparacao dos resultados. Mais estudos com metodos padronizados devem ser estimulados.
Prototipo de Aplicação para Análise de Intensidade de Sinais de Redes Celulares

Com o avanço do desenvolvimento das tecnologias e da expansão do uso de smartphones no mundo, houve um aumento na utilização de redes celulares para comunicação por voz e, principalmente, acesso à Internet. Esse crescimento evidencia o impacto dos usuários no sistema e, consequentemente, a necessidade de melhorias constantes na infraestrutura de redes das operadoras móveis. Dessa forma, torna-se válida a criação de um sistema de medição e avaliação de qualidade das redes dessas operadoras de forma a permitir acompanhamento quase em tempo real. A natureza baseada em crowdsourcing dessa abordagem faz com que os custos para as operadoras sejam reduzidos em relação aos tradicionais drive-tests que utilizam equipamentos especializados, além de fornecer informações de forma transparente para os clientes das empresas. Ao longo das próximas seções serão apresentadas as caracterı́sticas fundamentais do sistema, incluindo a organização e o funcionamento resumido dos principais componentes. Ao final, serão mostrados alguns dos dados que puderam ser inferidos por meio do sistema.
Vitamin D-Status [25(OH)D³] und Mortalität von Hämodialysepatienten

The international KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) guidelines, 2009, recommend target vitamin D levels for all stages of chronic kidney disease to be the same as for the general population. Recent developments in the understanding of the various pleiotropic effects of 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) have renewed interest in examining vitamin D status. The present study retrospectively evaluated a representative subcohort of German hemodialysis patients, between 1995 and 2006, to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and mortality. Using data from the German Renal Registry and a specialized laboratory, 73,919 readings of 25(OH)D levels were obtained for 17,291 hemodialysis patients during the 12 year period. Most (64%) were found to be vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D <20 ng/ml), with almost half (46%) being severely deficient (25(OH)D <12.5 ng/ml). All-cause mortality risk was significantly higher among patients with vitamin D deficiency (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.64; P < 0.001), and almost doubled among those with severe deficiency (aHR 1.90; CI, 1.67-2.17; P < 0.001). Among patients with severe deficiency, comparable data were obtained for cardiac mortality (aHR 1.73; CI, 1.41-2.13; P < 0.001), and for infectious mortality (aHR 1.86; CI 1.36-2.54; P < 0.001), respectively. A profound seasonal variation of 25(OH)D levels was inversely associated with seasonal mortality. These data highlight the need to ensure adequate 25(OH)D levels also in dialysis patients in accordance with international recommendations.
Fabricação e testes de antenas de microfita aplicadas à tecnologia 5G

This paper presents the fabrication and experimental characterization of 7 printed microstrip antennas prototypes with rectangular pattern for application to the new fifth generation wireless communications technology (5G). These antennas are characterized according to a path loss test in an indoor environment at Fluminense Federal University ́s propagation laboratory using a carrier (fc) of 10 GHz. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results and present a bandwidth of 250 MHz for 10 GHz. It can reach up to 1 GHz of transmission bandwidth in a 26 GHz carrier. Keywords—5G, Printed Antenna , Microstrip Antenna, Path loss.
Diabetes och tobak : dubbla hot mot hälsan

Smoking is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, and nephropathy in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that heavy smokers run an increased prospective risk of developing type 2 diabetes, probably due both to the fact that smoking is a marker for an unhealthy lifestyle and that smoking via nicotine may deteriorate glucose metabolism by negatively influencing insulin sensitivity. In Sweden, data from the National Diabetes Register (NDR) has shown that the prevalence of smoking in type 2 diabetes patients followed in primary health care is almost as high as in the non-diabetic population, at least in middle-aged subjects (about 20%). This alarming situation must be dealt with by using new and effective methods to promote anti-smoking. If support by group sessions can be organised for patients with type 2 diabetes who are smokers, in combination with pharmacological approaches (nicotine, bupropion) it is hoped that the rate of smoking cessation can substantially increase. Such projects are currently under-way within the primary health care in southern Sweden. (Less)
Detecting geo-relation phrases from web texts for triplet extraction of geographic knowledge: a context-enhanced method

ABSTRACT As an effective organization form of geographic information, a geographic knowledge graph (GeoKG) facilitates numerous geography-related analyses and services. The completeness of triplets regarding geographic knowledge determines the quality of GeoKG, thus drawing considerable attention in the related domains. Mass unstructured geographic knowledge scattered in web texts has been regarded as a potential source for enriching the triplets in GeoKGs. The crux of triplet extraction from web texts lies in the detection of key phrases indicating the correct geo-relations between geo-entities. However, the current methods for key-phrase detection are ineffective because the sparseness of the terms in the web texts describing geo-relations results in an insufficient training corpus. In this study, an unsupervised context-enhanced method is proposed to detect geo-relation key phrases from web texts for extracting triplets. External semantic knowledge is introduced to relieve the influence of the sparseness of the geo-relation description terms in web texts. Specifically, the contexts of geo-entities are fused with category semantic knowledge and word semantic knowledge. Subsequently, an enhanced corpus is generated using frequency-based statistics. Finally, the geo-relation key phrases are detected from the enhanced contexts using the statistical lexical features from the enhanced corpus. Experiments are conducted with real web texts. In comparison with the well-known frequency-based methods, the proposed method improves the precision of detecting the key phrases of the geo-relation description by approximately 20%. Moreover, compared with the well-defined geo-relation properties in DBpedia, the proposed method provides quintuple key-phrases for indicating the geo-relations between geo-entities, which facilitate the generation of new triplets from web texts.