Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intuitive Knowledge Generation in Post-Bureaucratic Organizations

To address the need for more suitable cognitive mechanisms in post-bureaucratic organizations, this chapter explores how the use of intuition can enhance organizational decision making and information sharing, and thus contribute to knowledge generation in fast-paced, high-pressured environments. In the context of film production teams, as an example of such environment, it identifies three distinct categories that are in frequent use: intuitive expertise, intuitive creation, and intuitive foresight. The findings suggest that the employment of intuition in dynamic settings is indeed common but, contrary to previous beliefs, it is much more nuanced. Not only do various professional groups utilize different kinds of intuition, they also adjust its use to the specific type of activity. A distinction has been detected in particular between approaches to task-related versus people-related activities. The understanding which organizational player and under which conditions relies on intuition, provides new insights into knowledge generation in modern organizations.
Multi-stage Reconfiguration of Distribution Network for Loss Reduction and Reliability Improvement

Electrical distribution network reconfiguration is a complex combinatorial optimization process aimed at finding a radial operating structure that minimizes the system power loss or maximizes the system reliability while satisfying operating constraints. It has been traditionally performed assuming that loads of buses are constant values, but in real systems the values always change with time. To ensure the system operate safely and economically, decision makers have to reconfigure the distribution feeder dynamically with time according to the changing loads. In this paper, a multi-stage reconfiguration method is presented for both the indices of power loss reduction and reliability improvement with a load curve model. An enhanced genetic optimization algorithm is used to handle the reconfiguration problem so as to determine the number of stages and switch operation schemes in each stage. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on 33-bus radial distribution system and a practical system. Keywordsdistribution system; reconfiguration; reliability evaluation; power loss; genetic algorithm
The Determinants of the Efficiency of Commercial Banks

With the development of social economy, commercial banks are the lifeblood of our national economy, which play an absolutely fundamental role in the modern financial markets. This paper uses the DEA method to measure the efficiency of 16 listed commercial banks from 2010 to 2015.To investigate the determinants of efficiency, we use the Tobit model. We find the efficiency of the state-owned commercial banks is lower than the efficiency of other banks. Asset scale, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loan ratio,cost-to-income ratio are negatively associated with bank efficiency.
Prevalence of asthma and the related-symptoms in children and adolescences; a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Asthma is the most important chronic disease in children. The prevalence of this disease was increased in Iran and right across the world. Asthma was considered as a complicated interaction between the environmental stimulants and immunity responses. Numerous factors were recognized as the asthma related-factors. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate asthma related-factors in Tehran province students. Materials and Methods: The current research was designed as a descriptive-analytic study. The sampling was carried out among the students whose ages ranged from 6 to 7 years old and 13 to 14 years old using the randomly systematic method in Tehran province. The necessary information was collected using the standard ISAAC questionnaire to register the clinical symptoms of asthma. The study data were analyzed using Stata 12 software. Results: A total of 2122 students met inclusion criteria were enrolled in the current study. The mean age and asthma history frequency were estimated as 12.7 ± 3.4 years and 5.8%, respectively. The prevalence of asthma was calculated as 11.9%. The logistic regression analysis findings indicated a statistically significant correlation between wheezing in relaxation position and post-physical activity and nocturnal hacking in students with age, educational level, place of living and exposing to smoke (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that place of living and exposing to smoke are the most important factors affecting asthma emerge especially in students older than 12 years of age. Paying attention to the aforementioned factors could be proposed as an appropriate approach to prevent asthma.
Effects of Predation by Nonnative Smallmouth Bass on Native Salmonid Prey: the Role of Predator and Prey Size

Abstract The size of predators that consume the most fish and the size of prey fish that are the most vulnerable to predation are important factors to consider when assessing the predation risks to valued prey fish such as Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Pacific Northwest. We found that native salmonids' risk of predation by nonnative smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in the lower Yakima River, Washington, generally decreased with increasing predator and prey size. Among smallmouth bass, those with fork lengths (FLs) ranging from 150 to 199 mm consumed 42.9% of the salmonids consumed. Overall, most of the salmonids were consumed by smallmouth bass smaller than 250 mm (69.6%), and the vast majority were consumed by smallmouth bass smaller than 300 mm (83.6%). Small smallmouth bass were much more abundant than large smallmouth bass, and the proportion of smallmouth bass that contained salmonid prey items in the gut decreased with increasing predator size. Salmonids that were 100 mm or larg.
Xenobiotics with estrogen or antiandrogen action — disruptors of the male reproductive system

The environmental and life-style changes associated with developing industry and agriculture, especially the exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (xenobiotics), are considered as causes of the increasing incidence of male reproductive system disorders. Most of the xenobiotics, which harmfully influence the male reproductive system, reveal estrogen-like (xenoestrogens) or anti-androgenic activity. Recent data have revealed physiological roles of estrogens in the male, however, there are evidences that estrogen-like substances may lead to many undesirable symptoms in the male i.e. gonadal dysgenesis, genital malformations, cryptorchidism, decreased fertility potential and testicular neoplastic changes. The number of xenoestrogens is still growing in the environment, whereas the mechanisms of their action are still not exactly known. They can be harmful not only to the present but potentially also to the next generations.
How structural brain network topologies associate with cognitive abilities in a value-based decision-making task

Value-based decision-making relies on effective communication across disparate brain networks. Given the scale of the networks involved in adaptive decision-making, variability in how they communicate should impact behavior; however, precisely how the topological pattern of structural connectivity of individual brain networks influences individual differences in value-based decision-making remains unclear. Using diffusion MRI, we measured structural connectivity networks in a sample of community dwelling adults (N=124). We used standard graph theoretic measures to characterize the topology of the networks in each individual and correlated individual differences in these topology measures with differences in the Iowa Gambling Task. A principal components regression approach revealed that individual differences in brain network topology associate with differences in optimal decision-making, as well as associate with differences in each participant’s sensitivity to high frequency rewards. These findings show that aspects of structural brain network organization can constrain how information is used in value-based decision-making. Abbreviations MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging; IGT – Iowa Gambling Task; DWI – Diffusion Weighted Imaging; QSDR – Q-Space Diffeomorphic Reconstruction; PCA – Principal Components Analysis; GLM – Generalized Linear Models
Trait‐based ecology of fishes: A quantitative assessment of literature trends and knowledge gaps using topic modelling

Species traits are a new data currency to enhance our understanding of ecological patterns and processes. Trait‐based studies of fishes are numerous in comparison with other animal groups, reflecting the diversity of fish forms and functions they provide to aquatic ecosystems. We conduct a retrospective examination of literature to identify knowledge gaps and provide guidance for future research in trait‐based fish ecology. We apply an automated text mining and topic modelling to track the evolution of research topics within peer‐reviewed articles of functional traits in marine and freshwater fishes published over the past half century, explore the inter‐connections among those topics and identify emerging avenues for investigation. By mapping the topic landscape of the literature, 16 latent topics emerged that vary in their prevalence. Our results show a decline in the frequency of studies using reproductive traits to model and explore the way fish allocate energy for reproduction, and increase in studies reporting functional diversity metrics and utilizing the concept of multivariate functional space. Research focused on contributions of fish traits to ecosystem functioning also has increased in frequency. We revealed large gaps in information between growing and decreasing topics and that these gaps were derived from different types of traits being considered. We suggest that scientists break‐free from the traditions of their research field by targeting investigations that: (a) apply functional diversity metrics to a broader assortment of traits, (b) focus on traits influencing energy allocation to growth/reproduction and (c) integrate trophic‐web and behavioural studies with other topics.
Influence of culture media on growth, colony character and sporulation of fungi isolated from decaying vegetable wastes

The mycelial growth rate, colony character and sporulation pattern of ten fungal isolates, grown on three different culture media viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Czapek’s Dox + Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) and Lignocellulose Agar (LCA) were observed after seven days of incubation at 25±1°C. The colony diameter, culture characteristics (texture, surface and reverse colouration, zonation) and sporulation of selected test fungi were greatly influenced by the type of growth medium used. LCA exhibited comparatively higher mycelial growth in six test fungi, whereas all the ten isolates revealed heavy sporulation on this culture medium. Penicillium sp. and Acremonium kiliense exhibited maximum colony growth on PDA, while Chaetomium funicola and Fusarium oxysporum showed highest growth on CYA medium. These results will be useful for fungal taxonomic studies.
Understanding Highly Competent Information System Users

Individuals differ in their abilities to use information systems (IS) effectively, with some achieving exceptional performance in IS use. Using the Repertory Grid Technique, this research identifies attributes of highly competent IS users that distinguish them from less competent users. Using the Grounded Theory approach, we identified categories and sub-categories of these attributes and used them to develop a conceptual framework to explain IS User Competency. The findings indicate that highly competent users differ from less competent users in their Personality Traits and Disposition Factors, General Cognitive Abilities, Social Skills and Tendencies, Experiential Learning Factors, Domain Knowledge of and Skills in IS, Job Experiences, Generation Factors, and Education. The results not only highlight attributes that can be fostered in other IS users to improve their performance with IS use but they also present research opportunities for IS training and potential hiring criteria for IS users in organizations.
Our Obesity Crisis Requires the Development of New, Widely Available Options: Can Yoga Function in a Major Role?

The percentage of individuals in the United States who are obese continues to grow. Obesity is associated with the development of a broad group of malignant, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. The origins for this major health crisis are presently under investigation. However, potential explanations for this rise in the prevalence of obesity include a sedentary life style, increased number of daily meals, the presence of an eating disorder, a changing job market, or an effect of a yet unidentified environmental agent or exposure. Diet and activity programs in clinical trials provide only modest weight loss, with poor long term maintenance of weight loss. Many patients with medically-complicated obesity therefore consider surgical options for weight loss, termed bariatric surgery. A percentage of individuals do not lose weight after bariatric surgery, while the risk of weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery may be as high as 40% among post-operative patients. The potential role of yoga in the promotion of post-operative weight loss and the prevention of post-operative weight regain remains to be more fully explored.
Study of HER2 Expression and its Relation to Tumor Characteristics among Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients of Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran; in 2010 and 2011

Background: One million people are diagnosed with gastric cancer (GC) annually and the prognosis for patients with advanced GC or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer is usually poor with a median survival time of 8 to 10 months. Recent reports have identified that anti HER2 target therapy improved the median survival rate in patients with HER2 positive GC; but a wide range of HER2 overexpression incidence has been reported in different studies. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of HER2 overexpression and its relationship to tumor characteristics. Methods: All gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma patients who underwent a curative surgical resection in Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran between 2010 and 2011 were entered into this cross-sectional study. The formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded tissue blocks used in the present study were surgical resection specimens obtained from 115 patients. All tumor samples were examined for HER2 expression by an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and HER2 IHC score 3+ was considered positive. Results: The study sample consisted of 115 subjects, 81 males and 34 females with a mean age of 61.01 years (30-85 years, SD=11.605). HER2 overexpression was detected in 13 (11.3%) of the patients. HER2 overexpression was significantly higher in tumors ≥5cm compared to those <5cm (P=0.01). But, there was no significant relationship between tumor histological subtype, GC stage or tumor location and HER2 overexpression (P=0.607, 0.745, 0.491). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that the incidence of HER2 overexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma was 11.3%. The higher incidence of HER2 overexpression in patients with tumors ≥5cm maybe indicate that anti HER2 target therapy administration for these patients could be more beneficial.
Dysregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 gene in HIV treatment-experienced individuals

We investigated the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on cholesterol biosynthesis in a case-control study. mRNA and protein expressions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were significantly upregulated in cases (HIV+) compared to controls (HIV-). We observed dysregulation between sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2, sensory control) and HMGCR and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathways. Dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes may predate clinical manifestation of ART-induced lipid abnormalities.
Significance testing in non-sparse high-dimensional linear models

In high-dimensional linear models, the sparsity assumption is typically made, stating that most of the parameters are equal to zero. Under the sparsity assumption, estimation and, recently, inference have been well studied. However, in practice, sparsity assumption is not checkable and more importantly is often violated; a large number of covariates might be expected to be associated with the response, indicating that possibly all, rather than just a few, parameters are non-zero. A natural example is a genome-wide gene expression profiling, where all genes are believed to affect a common disease marker. We show that existing inferential methods are sensitive to the sparsity assumption, and may, in turn, result in the severe lack of control of Type-I error. In this article, we propose a new inferential method, named CorrT, which is robust to model misspecification such as heteroscedasticity and lack of sparsity. CorrT is shown to have Type I error approaching the nominal level for \textit{any} models and Type II error approaching zero for sparse and many dense models. In fact, CorrT is also shown to be optimal in a variety of frameworks: sparse, non-sparse and hybrid models where sparse and dense signals are mixed. Numerical experiments show a favorable performance of the CorrT test compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Business Valuation with Attention to Imputed Interest on Equity Increase – a Comparison of Alternative Pricing Methods in a Model with Stochastic Profitability

As early as the 1980s, several European countries implemented tax systems with imputed equity interest provisions. Since its tax reform in 2000, Austria has also allowed the deduction of (fictitious) imputed equity interest from the tax base. This paper integrates the resulting tax benefits related to equity into the valuation of corporations. Using the equity method with attention to the deductibility of imputed equity interest, the value of a business is calculated in a multi-period model. In this context, a market-to-book ratio endogenous to the model results for the equity of the valuated business. It is then demonstrated how to apply the APV method in a model with imputed equity interest. For each business - and thus also for an unlevered company - an adjustment is necessary to account for the tax shield resulting from equity financing. Therefore, an unlevered company which does not use equity tax shields has to be chosen as a common denominator in the application of the APV method, in which a closedform solution is presented for the value of this tax benefit. Intertemporal differences in risk make it necessary to use various risk-adjusted term structures of interest rates in the equity method as well as the APV method. Finally, the weighted average cost of capital in consideration of the deductibility of imputed equity interest is derived. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for all value components of a business and the weighted average cost of capital.
Governance in a Partially Globalized World Presidential

Facing globalization, the challenge for political science resembles that of the founders of the United States: how to design institutions for a polity of unprecedented size and diversity. Globalization produces discord and requires effective governance, but effective institutions are difficult to create and maintain. Liberal-democratic institutions must also meet standards of accountability and participation, and should foster persuasion rather than rely on coercion and interest-based bargaining. Effective institutions must rely on self-interest rather than altruism, yet both liberal-democratic legitimacy and the meaning of self-interest depend on people’s values and beliefs. The analysis of beliefs, and their effect on institutional outcomes, must therefore be integrated into institutional analysis. Insights from branches of political science as diverse as game theory, rational-choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism, and democratic theory can help political scientists understand how to design institutions on a world—and human—scale.
International Atomic Energy Agency THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS DETERMINATION OF SURFACE TENSION IN BINARY Ni-W ALLOY FROM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION

We determined the surface tension along with other dynamical properties of molten NiW binary alloys through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations at temperatures ranging from 1673K to 1973K. The dependence of surface tension on temperature was determined from StokeEinstein relation. Our results show a non linear curve which nevertheless follows theoretical prediction in which the surface tension is expected to decrease with increasing temperature. However, the discrepancy noticed between our calculations and some experimental results could be explained if one considers the systematic errors introduced by sample impurities and active elements present in the experimental set up. We observed a strongly temperature dependent coefficient of surface tension. MIRAMARE – TRIESTE December 2006 Junior Associate of ICTP. Corresponding author: gadebayo@ictp.it
Improving Performance of Customer Relationship Management through Applying Knowledge Management

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Knowledge Management (KM) have become especial and strategic keys in the current competitive environment for all companies. The critical role of KM as the main determinant of the success of CRM has been the focal point of the previous researches; the present paper aimed at studying the impact of different KM factors- such as Customer Knowledge (CK), Staff Knowledge (SK), and Market Knowledge (MK)-on CRM. The data collection is done through participation of 113 experts in selected banks and through applying Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) and Factor Analysis the relationships between KM and selected parts of CRM improvement is examined. The Privatization in Iran has already affected the state banks in some areas such as competitiveness, customers, and reputation; therefore, it would be necessary to find a way to reduce this competitive gap in the banking sector. The findings of the present study indicated that the KM capabilities, which proved to be effective in more than 60% of the selected parts, could not be taken as the only factors contributing to CRM improvement; this is why KM factor can lead to improvement in CRM sub modules such as Service Management, Complain Management and Suggestion Management.
Borehole deformation measurements and internal structure of some rock glaciers in Switzerland

In order to understand the mechanical processes that influence the deformation patterns of active rock glaciers, information about local horizontal and vertical deformations as well as knowledge of the internal structure and the temperature distribution is necessary. Results from borehole deformation measurements of three sites in the Swiss Alps show that despite different internal structures, similar phenomena can be observed. In contrast to temperate glaciers, permafrost within rock glaciers has distinct shear zones where horizontal and vertical differential movements are concentrated. In addition, a reduction in volume can be caused by compressive flow due to the presence of air voids within the permafrost. The flow velocity depends on the temperature, the surface and bedrock slopes of the rock glacier, and the composition of the ice‐rich frozen ground. Within degrading permafrost, the ice content decreases, the creep velocity increases and the shear zone rises towards the surface, where seasonal temperature changes and the presence of liquid water might also influence deformation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.