Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism study on light induced ocular axial elongation by computational simulation

Excessive elongation of ocular axial length increases the risk of visual impairment such as high myopia. Light is an important factor that influences ocular axial growth. Researchers have performed many experiments on light induced axial elongation, whereas the mechanism of light effect on axial elongation is still unclear. Axial length is determined by sclera growth, which is dependent on the oxygen supply by choroid vessels. Dopamine emitted from retina binds with dopamine transporter and is sent to the choroid layer to control the expansion and contraction of choroid vessels. Combination of dopamine and dopamine transporter has a significant influence on sclera oxygen supply, thus affecting ocular axial length. In this study, computational simulation was performed on the binding of dopamine and dopamine transporter at various temperatures. Configuration of dopamine transporter was calculated by molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular docking of dopamine and dopamine transporter was carried out to clarify docking locations in dopamine transporter. Binding of dopamine and dopamine transporter presents more stable in 37°C than in 40°C and in 43°C, indicating that excessive temperature rise is likely to hamper the binding of dopamine and dopamine transporter. Red light tends to induce temperature rise due to its thermal effect. It is implied that long wavelength light in high intensity is likely to induce axial elongation due to excessive temperature rise inside retina and choroid caused by heat effect.
Energy efficient transmission in underlay CR-NOMA networks enabled by reinforcement learning

In order to improve the energy efficiency (EE) in the underlay cognitive radio (CR)networks, a power allocation strategy based on an actor-critic reinforcement learning is proposed, where a cluster of cognitive users (CUs) can simultaneously access to the same primary spectrum band under the interference constraints of the primary user (PU), by employing the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique. In the proposed scheme, the optimization of the power allocation is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. Additionally, the power allocation for different CUs is based on the actor-critic reinforcement learning model, in which the weighted data rate is set as the reward function, and the generated action strategy (i.e. the power allocation) is iteratively criticized and updated. Both the CU's spectral efficiency and the PU's interference constrains are considered in the training of the actor-critic reinforcement learning. Furthermore, the first order Taylor approximation as well as other manipulations are adopted to solve the power allocation optimization problem for the sake of considering the conventional channel conditions. According to the simulation results, we find that our scheme could achieve a higher spectral efficiency for the CUs compared to a benchmark scheme without learning process as well as the existing Q-learning based method, while the resultant interference affecting the PU transmission can be maintained at a given tolerated limit.
Wide-Input/Output Control and Modeling for a Bidirectional Three-Phase High-Gain Converter

A bidirectional three-phase high-gain converter has advantages of low current and voltage stresses, capacitor voltage self-stabilizing, inductor current self-sharing and high-gain abilities, while it also has disadvantages of narrow duty cycle range and narrow input/output voltage range, which makes the converter just suitable for high-gain applications but not wide input/output applications. A piecewise combined switching scheme is proposed, which consists of three switching strategies and can widen working duty cycle range and input/output voltage range of the converter without increasing switching voltage stress, thus makes the converter suitable for wide-input/output applications such as photovoltaic power generation, energy storage systems, DC motor control and so on. In order to analyse the effect of parasitic parameters on voltage ratio and facilitate closed-loop design of the converter, model of each strategies in Buck operation are studied. Stable-state analysis, voltage gain and switching voltage stress are also studied. Wide input/output voltage range and corresponding working duty cycle range, voltage gain and low switching voltage stress feature are verified by simulation and experiment.
Development Of Scalable Hybrid Switching Based Software Defined Networking

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a technology that promises to improve network performance and realization of cost reduction for service providers through its flexibility, programmability, and separation of control plane from data plane. However, the decoupling of control plane from data plane in SDN deployment has scalability challenges as controller has limited computing capacity. In this paper, we propose a hybrid switch based on OpenFlow to perform both data forwarding functions and some control plane functionalities delegated by SDN controller. The delegation controller function to hybrid switch can reduce work load and traffic between the controller and hybrid switch, therefore resulting to improved scalability and reduced path set-up latency. The proposed hybrid switch can be implemented in a Data Centre network to ensure scalable switching and reduced network latency.
Autonomous Amphibious Vehicle for Monitoring and Collecting Marine Debris

Our chief objective is to prototype a vehicle that can collect garbage floating on the surface of a water body (lake, pond, river, sea, or ocean) as well as the shorelines and riverbeds, without any major human assistance or more than one person being involved. The collection process of the garbage has automated, i.e. the vehicle will detect the garbage and will make it move accordingly to be picked up by the collection system. The recognition part is done using a deep learning model that detects a selective class of objects. After identifying the trash, it will place itself in line with the object. For the mobility of the boat, twin screw propellers have been used, as shown in Fig. 1, to facilitate smooth movement on land as well as in water. A separate compartment is allocated in the vehicle where all the collected trash is transferred via a conveyor system. An alternative remote control is used for controlling the boat. Since the DL model is not 100% accurate, we have kept remote control as an option that is required in the initial stage of the movement and for the shift between different terrains
Size distributions of vesicles: the role of the effective rigidity of membranes

On calcule la distribution des tailles des vesicules spheriques et en particulier la maniere dont la rigidite effective depend de la taille des couches bi-moleculaires. Pour les vesicules spheriques on montre que cette rigidite decroit comme le logarithme de la taille. Pour les petites tailles, on construit une section de la distribution a partir des termes non hookeens de l'elasticite de courbure
THE CONFORMATION OF THE AROMATIC RINGS RELATIVE TO THE ALKYL CHAIN IN 4-N-PENTYL-4'-CYANOBIPHENYL

Abstract A partially-deuteriated sample of the nematogen 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl has been synthesized which contains six protons, four in an aromatic ring and two on the attached methylene group. The proton-deuterium NMR spectrum of a pure sample, and of a mixture with the nematogen I35 have been recorded and analysed to yield a set of inter-proton dipolar couplings. These have been used to derive the potential governing rotation about the ring-C bond, which is found to have a minimum when the bond is in the plane perpendicular to the ring plane. The barrier to rotation is found to be larger (> 22kJ mol-1) than in ethylbenzene (≈ 3kJ mol-1).
Large‐Scale Tectonic Forcing of the African Landscape

Successful inverse modeling of observed longitudinal river profiles suggests that fluvial landscapes are responsive to continent‐wide tectonic forcing. However, inversion algorithms make simplifying assumptions about landscape erodibility and drainage planform stability that require careful justification. For example, precipitation rate and drainage catchment area are usually assumed to be invariant. Here, we exploit a closed‐loop modeling strategy by inverting drainage networks generated by dynamic landscape simulations in order to investigate the validity of these assumptions. First, we invert 4,018 African river profiles to determine an uplift history that is independently calibrated, and subsequently validated, using separate suites of geologic observations. Second, we use this tectonic forcing to drive landscape simulations that permit divide migration, interfluvial erosion and changes in catchment size. These simulations reproduce large‐scale features of the African landscape, including growth of deltaic deposits. Third, the influence of variable precipitation is investigated by carrying out a series of increasingly severe tests. Inverse modeling of drainage inventories extracted from simulated landscapes can largely recover tectonic forcing. Our closed‐loop modeling strategy suggests that large‐scale tectonic forcing plays the primary role in landscape evolution. One corollary of the integrative solution of the stream‐power equation is that precipitation rate becomes influential only if it varies on time scales longer than ∼1 Ma. We conclude that calibrated inverse modeling of river profiles is a fruitful method for investigating landscape evolution and for testing source‐to‐sink models.
Identification and Counting of Oxygen Functionalities and Alkyl Groups of Aromatic Analytes in Mixtures by Positive-Mode Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A tandem mass spectrometric method using a commercial linear quadrupole ion trap (LQIT) mass spectrometer and another LQIT coupled with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer is described for the identification and counting of different oxygen-containing functionalities and alkyl groups in unknown aromatic analytes. A total of 64 aromatic model compounds were evaporated and ionized via positive-mode atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Ionization of the model compounds primarily results in the formation of protonated molecules, [M + H]+. In some cases, the molecular radical cation, [M]+ •, and/or a fragment ion, [M – H]+, are formed instead. Only in one case, no ions were observed near the m/z value of the molecular ion, and the ion with the greatest m/z value is a fragment ion, [M + H – H2O]+. Once ionized, the ions were subjected to multiple isolation and collision-activated dissociation (CAD) events until no more fragmentation was observed (up to MS5). In mos.
Prediction Curves for Counter-Current Separations: Application to Lignin Aldehydes

A theoretical investigation of the separation of pairs of solutes in a counter-current distribution train has been made. The results are presented as families of curves from which may be read the number of transfers necessary to effect a 95 or a 99 per cent. separation of a pair of substances of known partition coefficients. The applicability of the curves has been verified when used to predict the number of transfers necessary for the separation of aromatic aldehydes from the oxidative decomposition of lignins. No relation between RF value and partition coefficient could be established for the solvents investigated.
Cathodic Protection Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Pipe - An Update

Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe is used in water and wastewater systems that seme virtually every major city in North America. Under certain conditions, such as high chloride environments, steel elements can depassivate, leading to corrosion. Under these conditions, cathodic protection (CP) can be used to protect the encased steel elements. This article provides the results of investigations performed during the past decade to determine the effects of CP on the performance of passivated, corroded, and split prestressing wire immersed in an environment to simulate sound mortar and mortar surrounding severely corroded wire. The current densities required to achieve a 100 mV polarization or depolarization shift and the maximum potential criterion to prevent hydrogen embrittlement (HE) were determined. Also determined were the effect of low pH caused by corroding wire, the susceptibility of prestressing wire to HE, and the approximate length of time and potentials to produce HE and eventual wire failure. The effect of discontinuing high levels of CP on the diffusion of hydrogen from wire and the recovery of ductility were evaluated.
Vazopresinas hemodinamikos sutrikimams gydyti

Santrauka. Vazopresinas yra devyniø aminorûgðèiø peptidas, kuris gaminamas pogumburio magnoceliuliniø neuronø ir iðskiriamas uþpakalinës hipofizës liaukos dalies. Vazopresino pagrindinë fiziologinë funkcija – skysèiø homeostazë. Ðiame straipsnyje aptariama vazopresino receptoriø klasifikacija: V1 kraujagysliø receptoriai, V2 inkstø, V3 hipofizës, oksitocino ir purinerginiai receptoriai bei vazopresino poveikis kraujagysliø lygiesiems raumenims, ðirdþiai, inkstams. Mirðtamumas, esant vazodilataciniam, pvz. , sepsiniam ðokui, yra didelis. Vazopresino vartojimas – tai alternatyvus vaistas gydant atsparø áprastiniams vaistams sepsiná ðokà. Gydymas vazopresinu siejamas su geresne sepsinio ðoko baigtimi. Jis vartotinas ir suaugusiøjø gaivinimui, ávykus skilveliø virpëjimui, bei skilveliø tachikardijai be pulso, kai epinefrinas neveiksmingas.
Remarkable thermal conductivity reduction in metal-semiconductor nanocomposites

Remarkable reduction in thermal conductivity, by ∼2 orders of magnitude compared to the bulk counterpart, is observed in a metal-semiconductor nanocomposite consisting of silver (Ag) and silicon (Si) nanostructures. The variation of thermal conductivity with temperature and with volume fraction of metallic inclusion exhibits counter-intuitive behavior. Contrary to bulk composites, thermal conductivity decreases with the increase in the volume fraction of Ag nanocrystals (at least till 0.067 experimented) and increases with temperature over the range of 303-473 K. This remarkable reduction in the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite is due to the interplay of size-dependent reduction in thermal conductivity of the individual nanostructures, increased contribution of phonon scattering at the interfaces between nanoparticles, and electron-phonon coupling inside metallic nanocrystals and across metal-semiconductor interface. Such hybrid metal-semiconductor nanostructures with reduced thermal conductivity.
Catalytic palladium‐based membrane reactors: A review

This paper is an extensive review of the literature dealing with the class of catalytic membrane reactors which involves hydrogen permeable membranes made of palladium and palladium alloys. The fundamental factors which affect hydrogen permeability are first discussed. A classification of the many reactions which have been conducted in such reactors at both laboratory and commercial scales is then presented. The various techniques for the preparation of palladium- based membranes are described and the literature on modeling and design of these reactors is also reviewed.
pH‐sensitive swelling and release behaviors of anionic hydrogels for intelligent drug delivery system

The pH-sensitive swelling and release behaviors of the anionic P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogels were investigated as a biological on–off switch for the design of an intelligent drug delivery system triggered by external pH changes. There was a drastic change of the equilibrium weight swelling ratio of P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogels at a pH of around 5, which is the pKa of poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA). At a pH below 5, the hydrogels were in a relatively collapsed state but at a pH higher than 5, the hydrogels swelled to a high degree. When the molecular weight of the pendent poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of the P(MAA-co-EGMA) increased, the swelling ratio decreased at a pH higher than 5. The pKa values of the P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogels moved to a higher pH range as the pendent PEG molecular weight increased. When the feed concentration of the crosslinker of the hydrogel increased the swelling ratio of the P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogels decreased at a pH higher than 5. In release experiments using Rhodamine B (Rh-B) as a model solute, the P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogels showed a pH-sensitive release behavior. At low pH (pH 4.0) a small amount of Rh-B was released while at high pH (pH 6.0) a relatively large amount of Rh-B was released from the hydrogels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Spectroscopically determined Born–Oppenheimer and adiabatic surfaces for H3+, H2D+, D2H+, and D3+

High resolution spectroscopic data for H3+, H2D+, D2H+, and D3+ is used to determine effective, mass‐dependent potential energy surfaces for each isotopomers. These surfaces are expressed as a sum of the mass‐independent Born–Oppenheimer (BO) potential and a mass dependent adiabatic correction. For H3+ and D3+ the adiabatic correction is a single surface of the same symmetry and functional form as the BO surface. For H2D+ and D2H+ a second, lower symmetry surface is required. Fits to all three surfaces were started from recent, high quality ab initio calculations. The standard deviations for fits using all the available data with J≤9 are 0.015 cm−1 for H3+, 0.010 cm−1 for H2D+ and D2H+ combined, and 0.015 cm−1 for D3+. These values are close to the intrinsic experimental error of much of the data and improve on the corresponding ab initio surfaces by at least an order of magnitude. The fits are very compact: nearly 1600 data are fitted by adjusting 36 constants and freezing 51 at their ab initio values.
THE STRUCTURE OF WATER AT A PLANAR WALL : AN INTEGRAL EQUATION APPROACH WITH THE CENTRAL FORCE MODEL

The structure of liquid water in contact with a planar wall is calculated for the central force model by which water is modeled as a stoichiometric mixture of partially charged hydrogen and oxygen atoms interacting via effective spherical pair potentials. The density profiles near the wall are obtained from the Wertheim–Lovett–Mou–Buff equation extended to mixtures with coulombic interactions. The correlations in the bulk liquid are calculated by adding bridge functions of appropriate reference hard sphere systems to the hypernetted chain equation. We have obtained structural (stoichiometry, hydrogen bonds) and thermodynamic properties in good agreement with computer simulations. We also expose the water to electric fields due to a surface charge on the wall.
The use of a Novel Roller Compactor with a Concavo-Convex Roller pair to Obtain Uniform Compacting Pressure

AbstractThe factors affecting the distribution of compacting pressure during the process of dry granulation with a roller compactor, have been elucidated experimentally.Lactose powder was used with incorporation of a small amount of riboflavine as a pressure indicator.The rollers used in this study had been designed as a concavo-convex pair that exactly keep their mutual fit while rotating. The flanges formed by the concavity of the concave roller at its both ends, called “rims” in this paper, were subjected to several experimental variations in the angles of wall siopes, namely, 45°, 65°, 75°, and 90°. These inclined gripping walls acted as compensators, cancelling the resistance in the powder flow due to the side seals attached to both ends of the rollers.The overall effect was that the pressure of compaction was adjusted uniformly over the whole width of the rollers, and the best result was obtained at a rim angle of 65°. In this experiment, however, a rectangular-aperture chute, when equipped at the del.
FTIR spectroscopy for detection and identification of fungal phytopathogenes

Soil-borne fungi are considered as major pathogens to many plants and can cause a severe economic damage. Early detection and identification of these pathogens is very important and might be critical for their control. The available methods for identification of fungi like molecular biology, serological tests and PCRs tests (polymerase chain reaction) are time consuming and not always very specific. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy, is considered to be a comprehensive and sensitive method for detection of molecular changes in intact cells. In the present study we used FTIR-ATR as a sensitive and effective assay for the detection and discrimination between different fungal genera. Our results showed significant spectral differences between the various examined fungi genera. These results proved the possibility of discrimination between these fungi on the genus level.
The relationship between the degree of branching and glass transition temperature of branched polyethylene: experiment and simulation

Polyethylene (PE) samples with similar number-averaged molecular weight but various degrees of branching (DBs) were synthesized by means of ethylene coordination polymerization catalyzed by an amine–imine nickel catalyst or α-diimine palladium catalyst, respectively. Different from the conventional DB of branched PE, here we calculated the DB according to the equation proposed by Hawker et al., i.e., DB is the ratio of the number of dendritic units (–CHCH2–) and terminal units (–CH2CH3) to the number of all units (dendritic, terminal and linear units (–CH2CH2–)) in the PE backbone and branches. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the prepared PE samples was studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ultra-fast differential scanning calorimetry (UF-DSC). The DSC data show that the crystallization and the glass transition processes of branched PE samples are correlated with each other, and both the melting temperature and the glass transition temperature decreased with increasing DB. The UF-DSC results show that the crystallization of the PE samples with high DB can be prevented when the cooling rate in calorimetry is high enough. For example, the crystallization peak of branched PE with DB = 0.310 totally disappears when the cooling rate in calorimetry reaches more than 5000 K s−1 and only a glass transition takes place at −51.3 °C. Furthermore, correlation between the glass transition temperature and the DB of branched PE has been well established by atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The values of MD-determined Tg are in good agreement with experimental results. The difference of free volume in PE systems with different DBs, which is reflected by the calculated radial distribution function, is the reason for the observed change of Tg on DB.
Tunable Emission of BCNO Nanoparticle-Embedded Polymer Electrospun Nanofibers

Using low temperature synthesized BCNO phosphors as raw materials, monodispersed BCNO nanoparticles (∼10 nm) are obtained successfully after a two-step centrifugation. X-ray diffraction results indicate that these BCNO nanoparticles are mainly hexagonal BN phase. These BCNO nanoparticle-embedded polymer nanofibers with an average diameter of 300 nm are prepared by electrospinning. Photoluminescence spectra of these nanofibers indicate that the emission can be readily tuned by adjusting the C concentration in the BCNO phosphors. These nontoxic nanofibers with intense tunable emission may find potential applications in the fields of lighting, biological marker, optoelectronic nanodevices, etc.