Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rationale-based Human-in-the-Loop via Supervised Attention

In machine learning, “Human-in-the-Loop” alludes to algorithms that incorporate human interaction in the learning process to either improve algorithm performance or to complement the information provided by the data. The most recent research on text classification focus on human annotation at the instance level. Our work describes a simple and effective approach to incorporate human annotated text highlights as rationale’s to their instance level annotations as a form of auxiliary human feedback that can significantly complement data during training. This process can be seen as a supervised attention mechanism coupled with an active learning process. Specifically, we add a light-weight attention mechanism to our feed-forward neural network classifier that is computationally inexpensive. This design is simple and especially appropriate for active learning models that require regular retraining. Experiments on several publicly available datasets empirically show that our model outperforms other baseline approaches by a significant margin. We also show experiments on an insurance domain dataset where we achieve better classification performance given the same or smaller labeling budget.
Flexible Imputation Method for Sensor Data based on Programming by Example: APREP-S

: The quantity of data available for analysis, including data collected by sensors and wearable devices, has been increasing hugely. However, to obtain accurate analysis results, data pre-processing such as outlier detection, handling of missing data, and preparing data recorded by di ﬀ erent measuring instruments in di ﬀ erent units, is essential. Considering that the pre-processing task consumes 80% of analyst resources, we previously proposed a method to address this problem. The method integrates machine learning based on Bayesian inference with human knowledge by using programming by example approach. However, in situations in which the process of generating the model and the process of updating the model are executed at di ﬀ erent sites, the previous method is problematic in two ways: 1) all sites have to use the same features deﬁned when the model is generated, and 2) a helpful process to generate new training data from features without using inference data when updating the model, is not available. This prompted us to propose APREP-S, which has ﬂexible feature processes and a process for updating the model using a clustering method. We evaluate the accuracy of the imputation and the similarity of the trends by comparing APREP-S with the original data and other existing methods. The results show that APREP-S can return the most optimal methods with both accuracy and similarity.
Topic Modelling of the Russian Corpus of Pikabu Posts: Author-Topic Distribution and Topic Labelling

The paper discusses development of a corpus of Russian posts with hash tags based on Pikabu social network. We developed a balanced and representative corpus as regards the impact of certain authors, the amount and size of their posts. Our study is aimed at the development of probabilistic topic models revealing the authors’ interests and preferences, as well as correlation of topics within the corpus. We performed a series of experiments including standard LDA topic modelling and Author-Topic modelling. In course of topic modelling we used algorithms from Python libraries. Experiments allowed to extract groups of authors with similar and related interests. We used topic label assignment based on manually introduced hash tags and labels automatically extracted from the lexical database RuWordNet. That facilitates linguistic interpretation of results.
Content analysis as a method of researching spatial and social presence

This paper is the continuation of previous research presented the forms which spatial, social and personal presence (self-presence) can take. Ex-periencing the presence phenomenon in virtual reality is accompanied by various contradictions and temporary distortions of the natural worldview. Earlier, phenomenological description of presence based on interviews with the participants of the test was obtained. This paper offers a quantitative content analysis of those same interviews. The categories of social virtual presence and absence have been introduced, as well as social presence and absence as relatively independent categories. Social virtual presence implies the feeling of somebody being next to you in virtual reality, while social virtual absence is when a person is under the impression that there is nobody there, even if there are indications of another person’s presence. This paper will treat social presence as the feeling of another person’s presence nearby, which also involves having a notion of the person’s exact location. Social absence will be understood as the feeling of no-body being around. When in virtual reality, a person can simultaneously experience different combinations of these states and spatial presence, by which this paper implies the feeling of physically being in a virtual environment.
Community prevalence, mechanisms and outcome of mitral or tricuspid regurgitation

Objective The study aims were (1) to identify the community prevalence of moderate or greater mitral or tricuspid regurgitation (MR/TR), (2) to compare subjects identified by population screening with those with known valvular heart disease (VHD), (3) to understand the mechanisms of MR/TR and (4) to assess the rate of valve intervention and long-term outcome. Methods Adults aged ≥65 years registered at seven family medicine practices in Oxfordshire, UK were screened for inclusion (n=9504). Subjects with known VHD were identified from hospital records and those without VHD invited to undergo transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) within the Oxford Valvular Heart Disease Population Study (OxVALVE). The study population ultimately comprised 4755 subjects. The severity and aetiology of MR and TR were assessed by integrated comprehensive TTE assessment. Results The prevalence of moderate or greater MR and TR was 3.5% (95% CI 3.1 to 3.8) and 2.6% (95% CI 2.3 to 2.9), respectively. Primary MR was the most common aetiology (124/203, 61.1%). Almost half of cases were newly diagnosed by screening: MR 98/203 (48.3%), TR 69/155 (44.5%). Subjects diagnosed by screening were less symptomatic, more likely to have primary MR and had a lower incidence of aortic valve disease. Surgical intervention was undertaken in six subjects (2.4%) over a median follow-up of 64 months. Five-year survival was 79.8% in subjects with isolated MR, 84.8% in those with isolated TR, and 59.4% in those with combined MR and TR (p=0.0005). Conclusions Moderate or greater MR/TR is common, age-dependent and is underdiagnosed. Current rates of valve intervention are extremely low.
Cardiac sarcoidosis: state-of-the-art review

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterised histologically by the formation of noncaseating granuloma in multiple organs. The cause of the disease remains unknown. It is hypothesised that exposure to an antigen in patients with a genetic predisposition results in an exaggerated immune response leading to granuloma formation. Clinicians face several challenges including achieving a confident diagnosis and providing patients with a longterm management plan. These challenges largely relate to the heterogeneity of the original presentation, disease evolution and outcome. Sarcoidosis may be diagnosed incidentally in patients who have no symptoms, those with nonspecific respiratory symptoms such as a persistent cough or those with prominent systemic features (fever, weight loss and fatigue). Moreover, in many patients, the condition will remit spontaneously, whereas in others longterm immunomodulation is required to prevent disease progression. While the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes are involved in 90%–95% of cases, the exact prevalence of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) remains largely unknown. Clinically overt CS has been reported in 5%–10% of cases with systemic sarcoidosis. However, the true prevalence is likely to be higher based on postmortem analyses and registries using advanced imaging modalities. Patients with CS may present with arrhythmias (such as advanced atrioventricular block or ventricular tachycardia) and/or unexplained new onset heart failure without a history of systemic sarcoidosis. 14 The initial investigation of such cases should focus on identifying extracardiac disease to improve the certainty of the diagnosis. Histologically confirmed isolated CS has also been reported. Therefore, the true burden of CS remains unknown with a significant number of patients being undiagnosed who may experience adverse cardiac adverse events in the future. Even when a confident diagnosis of CS is made, the treatment options are often based on individual patient characteristics rather than uniform clinical guidelines. This is in view of the paucity of randomised controlled studies due to the disease being relatively rare. A multidisciplinary team approach provides a more robust model for diagnosing the condition and providing a treatment plan for patients (table 1). Patients with CS may require implantation of a cardiac defibrillator (ICD) as a primary or secondary preventative strategy or catheter ablation for the management of arrhythmias. In the presence of active myocardial inflammation, immunosuppression may be required to prevent the development of irreversible changes in cardiac structure and function. This review summarises our current knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of CS, highlights the importance of noninvasive cardiac imaging in the diagnosis of the condition and describes the basic principles of management from the respiratory and cardiac perspective.
Ultrasonic‐assisted Synthesis of Fe Nanoparticles in the Presence of Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)

Zero-valent iron particles were prepared by wet reduction chemistry assisted with ultrasonic treatment. Such prepared particles have uniform size, exhibit crystalline structure and show strong pararnagnetic property. Their surface modification by coating poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone） （PVP） was investigated. The resulting Fe（0）-PVP particles were monodispersed and possessed enhancing magnetization saturation. Those synthesis conditions to control the particle size and distribution were exploited.
Effects of Trehalose on the Water Structure in Yeast Cells as Studied by in vivo 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Trehalose-containing and -lacking yeast cells are prepared, and in vivo 1H NMR spectra are measured in order to investigate effects of this sugar on water structure in the cells. The T2 relaxation times for the intracellular water protons are measured as a function of water content in the yeast cells. The results indicate that the intracellular water is categorized into at least two groups: highly immobilized water (T2 5 ms), assigned to bound water, and intermediate water. One of the most important findings is that the relative population of bound water is drastically increased by the accumulation of trehalose. About 80% of the intracellular water in the trehalose-containing yeast cells is attributed to bound water. Similar results are obtained for trehalose-containing and -lacking model membranes prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Additionally, DSC measurements are carried out to examine effects of trehalose on the gel–liquid crystalline transition temperature of the DPPC membranes. On.
Micellization of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions: Thermodynamics of copolymer association

The critical micellization temperature (cmt) and critical micellization concentration (cmc) values of 12 Pluronic poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers, covering a wide range of molecular weights (2,900--14,600) and PPO/PEO ratios (0.19--1.79), were determined employing a dye solubilization method. A closed association model was found to describe adequately the copolymer micellization process for the majority of the Pluronics and used to obtain the standard free energies ([Delta]G[degree]), enthalpies ([Delta]H[degree]), and entropies ([Delta]S[degree]) of micellization. It was determined that the micellization process is entropy-driven and has an endothermic micellization enthalpy. The hydrophobic part of the Pluronics, PPO, was responsible for the micellization, apparently due to diminishing hydrogen bonding between water and PPO with increasing temperature. The cmc dependence on temperature and size of headgroup (PEO) of Pluronics follows a similar trend with lower molecular weight C[sub i]E[sub j] nonionic surfactants, the effect of temperature being more pronounced with the Pluronics. The PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers were compared to PPO-PEO-PPO block and PEO-PPO random copolymers, in an attempt to probe the effect of molecular architecture in the formation of micelles. No micelles were observed in aqueous PPO-PEO-PPO block copolymer solutions with increasing temperature, up to the cloud point.
Surgery for Primary Tumor Bene ts Survival for Breast Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases: A Large Cohort Retrospective Study

Zhangheng Huang A liated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China Xin Zhou A liated Hospital of Chengde Medical University Yuexin Tong A liated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China Lujian Zhu The First A liated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Ruhan Zhao A liated Hospital of Chengde Medical University Chengliang Zhao (  38221965@qq.com ) A liated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
Omissão de macronutrientes na nutrição e no crescimento da cana-de-açúcar cultivada em solução nutritiva

Nutrients deficiency may limit the nutrition, growth and production of sugarcane. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, dry matter production, nutrient content and nutrients accumulation in sugarcane plants grown in nutritious solution, submitted to macronutrients omission, and to describe the visual symptoms of such omission. The experiment was carried out at the School of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences – Jaboticabal Campus, Sao Paulo, Brazil, with seven treatments (complete and with the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S), arranged in a completely randomized design, with three replications. Eleven weeks after the transplant to the nutrient solutions, the tiller number the fully developed leaves number, the height, the tillers diameter, the plant dry matter and the shoot and root macronutrient content of sugarcane were evaluated. N and P were the nutrients that limited the growth of sugarcane plants the most, with reductions of 91 and 57 %, respectively. However, regarding the root growth, the omission of N and Ca resulted in the greatest limitations, reducing the root growth in 83 and 48%, respectively.
Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Aryl, Heteryl Substituted Hydrazono Thiazolyl-Pyrazolone Derivatives via Three-Component Reaction

Abstract A facile, one-pot, three-component bis heterocyclized reaction for the synthesis of hydrazonothiazolyl-pyrazolones has been described. Reaction of phenacyl bromides or 3-(2-bromoacetyl)coumarins, with thiosemicarbazide and ethyl 2-(2-arylhydrazono)-3-oxobutanoates in AcOH/NaOAc, gave the corresponding products in good yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their analytical and spectral data. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
HUMAN CAPITAL DISCLOSURES: EVIDENCE FROM KURDISTAN

To explore an apparent disparity among human capital information desired by financial analysts and fund managers and actual disclosure of such information in company annual reports in the context of Kurdistan. Current study used content analysis to assess the extent and nature of human capital information actually provided in the annual reports of 100 listed companies in Kurdistan. The results stated that, the human capital information provided in nonuniform, un-quantified and very limited. Many of whom be figureheads with little impact on the way companies are run and in creating value for the firm. Accordingly, analysts have to rely on alternative sources to get their desired information, which is a costly process for private shareholders. The current study contributes to the literature on the demand for, and disclosure of human capital information in the context of Kurdistan.
Standard Propagation Channel Models for MIMO Communication Systems

The field of wireless communication networks has witnessed a dramatic change over the last decade due to sophisticated technologies deployed to satisfy various demands peculiar to different data-intensive wireless applications. Consequently, this has led to the aggressive use of the available propagation channels to fulfill the minimum quality of service (QoS) requirement. A major barometer used to gauge the performance of a wireless communication system is the spectral efficiency (SE) of its communication channels. A key technology used to improve SE substantially is the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique. This article presents a detailed survey of MIMO channel models in wireless communication systems. First, we present the general MIMO channel model and identified three major MIMO channel models, viz., the physical, analytical, and standardized models. The physical models describe the MIMO channel using physical parameters. The analytical models show the statistical features of the MIMO channel with respect to the measured data. The standardized models provide a unified framework for modern radio propagation architecture, advanced signal processing, and cutting-edge multiple access techniques. Additionally, we examined the strengths and limitations of the existing channel models and discussed model design, development, parameterization, implementation, and validation. Finally, we present the recent 3GPP-based 3D channel model, the transitioning from 2D to 3D channel modeling, discuss open issues, and highlight vital lessons learned for future research exploration in MIMO communication systems.
ON DETECTION OF SHOCKWAVES GENERATED BY OVERDENSE METEORS

R. E. Silber 1 , E. A. Silber 2 , M. Gritsevich 3,4 , 1 Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, Canada (e-mail: reynold.silber@uwo.ca), 2 Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, 06912 (e-mail: elizabeth_silber@brown.edu), 3 Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland (email: maria.gritsevich@helsinki.fi), 4 Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
FREE ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF THE QUENCHING OF CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE BY SUBSTITUTED QUINONES *

The quenching of chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence hy a series of substituted benzoquinones. naphthoquinones and anthraquinones has been examined employing ethanol and acetonitrile as solvents. All quinones are good quenchers of fluorescence. There is an excellent linear relation between the Stern‐Volmer quenching constants, K, and the polarographic half wave potentials (E12) of the quinones, with more oxidizing quinones being better quenchers. The quenching data are consistent with the excited state half wave potential of −1.31 eV predicted theoretically, demonstrating that the kinetically estimated value of the Chl a excited state reduction potential agrees with that expected on spectroscopic grounds. The results of quenching are not in agreement with the conventional Marcus theory of electron‐transfer reactions, as there is no evidence of quenching constant. Kq. decrease vsΔG0 even for free energy changes nearly twice that expected for the onset of the Marcus inverted region. However, the kinetically estimated Kq values are in good agreement with the ones calculated by using the Rehm and Weller equation for fluorescence quenching by electron transfer. Our experimental results support the electron transfer mechanism of quenching proposed by Seely.
The Relationship between Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Precancerous Lesions

In order to explore the relationship between human papillary virus infection and cervical cancer, 1021 women were randomly selected from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018 in The Second Hospital of Nanjing. Thin-layer cytology test examination, colposcopy and cervical specimen analysis were carried out on all cases. Relevant data were collected and analyzed statistically. The results showed that in the analysis of single infection and multiple infection rates of human papillomavirus positive women, it was found that the multiple infection rate of human papillomavirus in women with high cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer was significantly higher than that in women with normal and inflammatory lesions and women with low cervical precancerous lesions (p<0.01). In the analysis of the influence of age on the status of cervical cancer, it was found that the incidence of cervical high lesion increased significantly (p<0.01) with increasing age. In the analysis of the integration status of human papillomavirus 16 genome, it was found that the integration degree of human papillomavirus 16 in cervical tissue cells was significantly (p<0.01) correlated with the degree of cervical lesions. Therefore, this investigation revealed that the degree of cervical lesions could be controlled by interfering with the integration of human papillomavirus 16 in cervical tissue cells. Although there have been a few short comings, these results would still provide evidence and guidance for the treatment of cervical precancerous lesions by human papillomavirus.
Towards Conversational Humor Analysis and Design

Well-defined jokes can be divided neatly into a setup and a punchline. While most works on humor today talk about a joke as a whole, the idea of generating punchlines to a setup has applications in conversational humor, where funny remarks usually occur with a non-funny context. Thus, this paper is based around two core concepts: Classification and the Generation of a punchline from a particular setup based on the Incongruity Theory. We first implement a feature-based machine learning model to classify humor. For humor generation, we use a neural model, and then merge the classical rule-based approaches with the neural approach to create a hybrid model. The idea behind being: combining insights gained from other tasks with the setup-punchline model and thus applying it to existing text generation approaches. We then use and compare our model with human written jokes with the help of human evaluators in a double-blind study.