Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Feet in HCI : A Survey of Foot-Based Interaction

Foot-operated computer interfaces have been studied since the inception of Human-Computer Interaction. Thanks to the miniaturisation and decreasing cost of sensing technology, there is an increasing interest exploring this alternative input modality, but no comprehensive overview of its research landscape. In this survey, we review the literature on interfaces operated by the lower limbs. We investigate the characteristics of users and how they affect the design of such interfaces. Next, we describe and analyse foot-based research prototypes and commercial systems in how they capture input and provide feedback. We then analyse the interactions between users and systems from the perspective of the actions performed in these interactions. Finally, we discuss our findings and use them to identify open questions and directions for future research. CCS Concepts: rHuman-centered computing→ Pointing devices; Pointing; Gestural input; Accessibility technologies;
Determinantes de la estructura de los consejos de administración en España

La separacion de la propiedad y el control en las grandes sociedades anonimas conlleva la busqueda de instrumentos que ayuden a resolver el denominado problema de agencia entre propietarios y directivos y entre los propios accionistas (accionistas mayoritarios versus minoritarios). Este estudio, centrado en el analisis del consejo de administracion como elemento para resolver los problemas de gobierno y control, analiza los determinantes del tamano y la composicion de los consejos de administracion de una muestra de empresas cotizadas espanolas durante el periodo 2004-2007. A partir de las funciones de asesoramiento y de control del consejo, y considerando que dicho organo de gobierno se determina de forma endogena en las organizaciones, se investigan los principales factores que influyen en la estructura de los consejos.
Suicide risk assessment and intervention in people with mental illness

Suicide is the 15th most common cause of death worldwide. Although relatively uncommon in the general population, suicide rates are much higher in people with mental health problems. Clinicians often have to assess and manage suicide risk. Risk assessment is challenging for several reasons, not least because conventional approaches to risk assessment rely on patient self reporting and suicidal patients may wish to conceal their plans. Accurate methods of predicting suicide therefore remain elusive and are actively being studied. Novel approaches to risk assessment have shown promise, including empirically derived tools and implicit association tests. Service provision for suicidal patients is often substandard, particularly at times of highest need, such as after discharge from hospital or the emergency department. Although several drug based and psychotherapy based treatments exist, the best approaches to reducing the risk of suicide are still unclear. Some of the most compelling evidence supports long established treatments such as lithium and cognitive behavioral therapy. Emerging options include ketamine and internet based psychotherapies. This review summarizes the current science in suicide risk assessment and provides an overview of the interventions shown to reduce the risk of suicide, with a focus on the clinical management of people with mental disorders.
Genomic Relatedness within Five Common Finnish Campylobacter jejuni Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Genotypes Studied by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis, Ribotyping, and Serotyping

ABSTRACT Thirty-five Finnish Campylobacter jejuni strains with five SmaI/SacII pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes selected among human and chicken isolates from 1997 and 1998 were used for comparison of their PFGE patterns, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns,HaeIII ribotypes, and heat-stable (HS) serotypes. The discriminatory power of PFGE, AFLP, and ribotyping withHaeIII were shown to be at the same level for this selected set of strains, and these methods assigned the strains into the same groups. The PFGE and AFLP patterns within a genotype were highly similar, indicating genetic relatedness. The same HS serotypes were distributed among different genotypes, and different serotypes were identified within one genotype. HS serotype 12 was only associated with the combined genotype G1 (PFGE-AFLP-ribotype). These studies using polyphasic genotyping methods suggested that common Finnish C. jejuni genotypes form genetic lineages which colonize both humans and chickens.
Attribution of Blame for Breast and Lung Cancers in Women

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in American women, and lung cancer is the deadliest. The etiology of breast cancer is not clear, although 85% of lung cancers are explained by cigarette smoking. A research review of the social perception of serious illness has shown that causal explanations fall into two categories: (1) patient behavior and (2) factors outside the patient's control. Presented in this review are questions concerning (1) patient coping, (2) stigma, and (3) the responses of the health care and research communities. Suggestions are made for further study of the social perception of lung and breast cancers.
Bet-hedging and the evolution of multiple mating

Two related bet-hedging hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of multiple mating by females. The first examines fitness of females within a single type of environment, and predicts that multiple mating can increase fitness by reducing the probability that all of a female's eggs are fertilized by a poor-quality male. The second examines fitness across environments and predicts that females who mate multiple times reduce the probability that all of their eggs are fertilized by a male that is unsuited to the current environment. We tested whether multiple mating actually provides the fitness benefits predicted by bet-hedging models by comparing the geometric mean fitness across generations of half-sib versus full-sib families of the milkweed bug, Lygaeus kalmii, reared on three different host plants. The variance in mean fitness (egg-to-adult survivorship) was always lower for offspring in half-sib families than for offspring of full-sib families. This translated into an average increase in geometric mean fitness of 4.1% within environments and 1.3% among environments for offspring of multiple-mated versus once-mated parents. These fitness increases are sufficient to produce rapid replacement of a once-mating genotype by a multiple-mating genotype. We conclude that multiple mating by parents reduces variation in offspring fitness and increases geometric mean fitness. We suggest that bet-hedging hypotheses are viable explanations for at least some of the variation in mating frequency observed in insects.
Mathematical Modeling of Polyamine Metabolism in Mammals*

Polyamines are considered as essential compounds in living cells, since they are involved in cell proliferation, transcription, and translation processes. Furthermore, polyamine homeostasis is necessary to cell survival, and its deregulation is involved in relevant processes, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Great efforts have been made to elucidate the nature of polyamine homeostasis, giving rise to relevant information concerning the behavior of the different components of polyamine metabolism, and a great amount of information has been generated. However, a complex regulation at transcriptional, translational, and metabolic levels as well as the strong relationship between polyamines and essential cell processes make it difficult to discriminate the role of polyamine regulation itself from the whole cell response when an experimental approach is given in vivo. To overcome this limitation, a bottom-up approach to model mathematically metabolic pathways could allow us to elucidate the systemic behavior from individual kinetic and molecular properties. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of polyamine metabolism from kinetic constants and both metabolite and enzyme levels extracted from bibliographic sources. This model captures the tendencies observed in transgenic mice for the so-called key enzymes of polyamine metabolism, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermine spermidine N-acetyl transferase. Furthermore, the model shows a relevant role of S-adenosylmethionine and acetyl-CoA availability in polyamine homeostasis, which are not usually considered in systemic experimental studies.
Physics , safety , and patient handling Principles of ultrasound

The term ultrasound refers to sound with a frequency above that which can be detected by the human ear. The audible frequency range lies between 20Hz and 20kHz (one hertz equals one cycle per second, one kilohertz equals one thousand cycles per second), whereas the frequencies of sound waves used for diagnostic applications in medicine are of the order of one thousand times higher than this, with a range between 1 and 10MHz (megahertz = one million hertz). Ultrasound imaging relies on the so-called pulse echo principle, which involves emitting a short burst of ultrasound and then listening for the returning ‘‘echo’’ after the sound has been reflected off appropriate surfaces. This is exactly the mechanism which has been employed by bats for millions of years to navigate their way around dark caves and to catch flying insects. Human interest in navigation using sound waves was significantly enhanced (if not initially inspired) by the sinking of the Titanic, which occurred when the ship collided with an iceberg in April 1912. Within a few years, ships were widely equipped with SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) devices, which emit sound waves beneath the surface of the sea, and detect echoes from large objects within a radius of several miles. The technology advanced considerably during both world wars as it was utilized to detect submarines and mines. Ultrasound imaging of patients began to evolve in the late 1940s, and over the following decade simple (A-mode) systems were developed that could detect midline shift in head injury and the presence of foreign bodies in the orbit. These devices emitted ultrasound pulses and detected echoes along a single line through the tissue. To generate twodimensional images, however, echoes must be acquired over multiple lines. Various methods of scanning the beam were explored, and Holmes [1] describes how some early imaging systems required subjects to be immersed in a water bath for the duration of the scan. Reflection of sound from a moving object gives rise to a change in the observed frequency. This phenomenon, known as the Doppler effect, was first described by Austrian physicist Christian Doppler in 1842. By measuring the change in frequency one can estimate the velocity of the moving object. That this is possible with some accuracy is well known to those who have been caught driving above the legal speed limit by police officers armed with a speed gun. Doppler measurement of blood flow has now become a standard feature of ultrasound systems, which commonly use color to display the velocity and direction of blood superimposed on conventional anatomical ultrasound images.
Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters of the fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa

Abstract Field infestation rates of an invasive fruit fly species, Bactrocera invadens Drew Tsuruta & White on mango was determined at different localities in Kenya. At most of the locations and especially at low elevations, B. invadens frequently shared the same fruit with the indigenous fruit fly species Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) but often occurred at higher numbers than C. cosyra. The level of infestation varied with location ranging from 3.0 to 97.2 flies per kg of fruit. There was a significant inverse relationship between numbers of flies per kg of fruit and elevation at which fruit was collected, suggesting that B. invadens is a predominantly lowland pest. On an artificial diet, development of B. invadens immatures lasted 25 days; egg incubation required 1.2 days, larval development 11.1 days and puparia-adult development 12.4 days. About 55% of eggs developed to the adult stage. Life expectancy at pupal eclosion was 75.1 days in females and 86.4 days in males. Average net fecundity and net fertility were 794.6 and 608.1 eggs, respectively, while average daily oviposition was 18.2 eggs. Daily population increase was 11% and mean generation time was 31 days. Results are discussed in relation to the biology and ecology of the insect and in the development of mass rearing and control measures for B. invadens.
Modelling a surface acoustic wave based remotely actuated microvalve

We present a normally closed, remotely actuated, secure coded, electrostatically driven active microvalve using passive components. This is carried out by utilizing the complex signal processing capabilities of two identical 5 × 2-bit Barker sequence encoded acoustic wave correlators. An electrostatically driven microchannel, comprising two conducting diaphragms as the top and bottom walls, is placed in between the compressor interdigital transducers of the two correlators. Secure interrogability of the microvalve is demonstrated by finite element modelling of the complete structure and the quantitative deduction of the code dependent microchannel actuation. Furthermore, the influence of the excited acoustic modes of the correlator on the microchannel deflection is investigated to optimize the microvalve design.
Antibacterial activity of flavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrina caffra thunb.

The antibacterial activity of the stem bark of Erythrina caffra Thunb. was investigated against different bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity was determined by a micro broth dilution assay. Antibacterial compounds were isolated and identified using a Bruker Avance III LPO NMR spectrometer. Four known flavonoids, abyssione‐V 4′‐O‐methyl ether, 6,8‐diprenylgenistein, alpinumisoflavone and burttinone, were isolated. All the compounds were active against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration values obtained (MIC) ranged from 3.9 μg/mL to 125 μg/mL. This is the first report of antibacterial activity of burttinone and the isolation of these compounds from E. caffra. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proposal of real-time publish-subscribe scheme compatible with 802.11e wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a real-time publish-subscribe communication scheme for IEEE 802.11e networks, named group sequential communication (GSC). The GSC intends to improve the HCCA mechanism by adopting a simple approach based on the virtual token passing (VTP) protocol which uses a real-time group concept, where the real-time members of the group are granted a high-priority and sequential access to the communication medium. Their main achievements are the reduction of the polling, individual ACKs and NULL frames overheads between the controller and the polled stations. In order to improve the reliability of the GSC scheme was developed a fault-tolerant mechanism based on a block acknowledge strategy to avoid missing real-time message deadlines.
A robust upwind difference scheme for pricing perpetual American put options under stochastic volatility

In this paper, we present an upwind difference scheme for the valuation of perpetual American put options, using Heston's stochastic volatility model. The matrix associated with the discrete operator is an M-matrix, which ensure that the scheme is stable. We apply the maximum principle to the discrete linear complementarity problem in two mesh sets and derive the error estimates. Numerical results support the theoretical results.
A pen injection device for self-administration of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone for fertility treatments

A pen injection device modeled on the insulin pen used by diabetic patients has been introduced to deliver recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone to women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization or other forms of assisted reproductive technology. The pen device makes it easier and less painful for women to self-administer daily injections. The high precision and accuracy of the device enables physicians to fine-tune dosage. The woman simply inserts the multidose cartridge into the Puregon (Follistim) Pen®, attaches a BD Micro-Fine™ Pen Needle, selects the prescribed dose on the dial at the base of the pen, inserts the needle subcutaneously and pushes the injection button to administer the injection. A fresh needle is used for each injection.
A Patient With Metastatic Sarcoma was Successfully Treated With Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs

Abstract We present a sarcoma patient with a tumor reduction of more than 50% in lung metastasis after 2 single courses of the investigational medical product Lutathera (177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotate). She was resistant to more than 6 lines of therapy including all the available active drugs in soft tissue sarcomas. The high expression of somatostatin receptors was shown by microarrays and Octreoscan. The overall duration of response exceeded 1 year.
Why has a reduction in housework for women not led to an equal division of housework between the sexes ?

Why has a reduction in housework for women not led to an equal division of housework between the sexes? This paper draws on the 2001/02 German Time Use Survey to evaluate couples’ time-use behaviour, most especially the equal division of housework. It aims to explain both the time allocation of housework and persisting gender differences in household time-use behaviour. The theoretical foundation for this empirical analysis is Chiappori’s (1997) collective model, which allows simultaneous consideration of individual utility and issues of household production. It also incorporates the alternative econometric method of structural equation modelling (SEM) to provide more detailed insight into the factors affecting housework decisions. We find that even if the characteristics measured for the individual are given the same values, the division of housework is still unequal because these variables impact housework differently for each sex. We also find that instead of the wage rate being responsible for the gender gap, it is the presence of children, housing characteristics (e.g. living space), age and paid or unpaid household services that influence the time spent on housework more strongly for women than for men. Contact details: Wencke Gwozdz University of Hohenheim Fruwirthstrasse 48 70599 Stuttgart Germany E-mail: gwozdz-w@uni-hohenheim.de
The Impact of High School Substance Use on Choice of Young Adult Living Environment and Career Direction

The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is fraught with many important life decisions, including the choice of career direction and living arrangements. This study uses longitudinal data from 640 subjects to examine the impact of adolescent drug use on choice of life pursuit and living arrangements four years later as young adults. Use of nonprescription medication had no predictive power to understand young adult living situation or life pursuit, whereas adolescent cigarette use, alcohol use, cannabis use, and hard drug use all significantly influenced these young adult life situations. Results indicate that low levels of drug use are associated with parent and dormitory living arrangements and military and university career pursuits. On the other hand, high levels of adolescent drug use are predictive of marital or cohabitation living arrangements and none or full-time employment. These findings are interpreted to suggest that adolescent drug use is associated with precocious acquisition of adult roles (marriage, full-time jobs), perhaps to the ultimate detriment of the individual, since adequate adult maturity may not have occurred by this point in life.
Progress and hurdles in the development of vaccines against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in humans

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in young children living in endemic countries and children and adults traveling to these areas. Pathogenesis of ETEC diarrhea has been well studied, and the key virulence factors are bacterial colonization factor antigens and enterotoxins produced by ETEC strains. Colonization factor antigens mediate bacteria attachment to host small intestinal epithelial cells and subsequent colonization, whereas enterotoxins including heat-labile and heat-stable toxins disrupt fluid homeostasis in host epithelial cells, which leads to fluid and electrolyte hypersecretion and diarrhea. Vaccines stimulating host anti-adhesin immunity to block ETEC attachment and colonization and also antitoxin immunity to neutralize enterotoxicity are considered optimal for prevention of ETEC diarrhea. Vaccines under development have been designed to stimulate local intestinal immunity and are either oral vaccines or transcutaneous vaccines. A cholera vaccine (Dukoral®) does stimulate anti-heat-labile toxin immunity and is licensed for short-term protection of ETEC diarrhea in travelers in some countries. Newer experimental ETEC vaccine candidates are being developed with hope to provide long-lasting and more broad-based protection against ETEC. Some have shown promising results in safety and immunogenicity studies and are approaching field trials for efficacy. A key problem is the development of a vaccine that is both practical and inexpensive so that it can be affordable for use in poor countries where it is needed.
Do Psychosocial Factors Predict Weight Loss Following Gastric Surgery for Obesity?

This study was undertaken to determine whether psychosocial factors determined during a pre-operative semi-structured psychiatric interview were associated either with the amount of weight loss following obesity surgery or with dropping out from follow-up after surgery. Multiple regression and discriminant function analysis of weight loss at six, twelve, twenty four and thirty six months showed no correlation between psychosocial variables and the amount of weight lost or with dropping out from follow-up. It is concluded that the type of psychiatric interview performed in this study does not yield information which reliably predicts weight loss after surgery for obesity.
A small RNA downregulates LamB maltoporin in Salmonella

In Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, activation of σE‐dependent envelope stress response leads to the abrupt decline in the synthesis of all major outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Recent studies found that two σE‐controlled small RNAs (sRNAs), MicA and RybB, downregulate a number of OMPs. While RybB targets several different mRNAs, including ompC and ompD, MicA was up to date thought to act solely on ompA. Here we present evidence showing that MicA downregulates a second Salmonella OMP: LamB maltoporine. In strains overexpressing σE, MicA accumulation leads to a significant decrease in LamB protein and mRNA levels, as well as a reduction in β‐galactosidase activity in a strain carrying a lamB–lacZ translational fusion. The latter findings provided the basis for a genetic screen that allowed isolating point mutations in the micA gene and in its σE promoter. All alleles obtained displayed their altered regulatory phenotype from their natural chromosomal location. LamB downregulation by MicA requires a functional Hfq protein. Besides this role, confined to σE‐activated conditions, we show that loss of Hfq results in the accumulation of a lamB‐malM dimeric precursor and of malM mRNA during unchallenged growth. This suggests that Hfq normally intervenes in a mechanism that uncouples expression of the malK‐lamB‐malM operon, causing the distal portion of the transcript to be clipped off and degraded.