Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interferon regulatory factor-1 binds c-Cbl, enhances mitogen activated protein kinase signaling and promotes retinoic acid-induced differentiation of HL-60 human myelo-monoblastic leukemia cells

Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (RA) and interferons (IFNs) have efficacy in treating certain leukemias and lymphomas, respectively, motivating interest in their mechanism of action to improve therapy. Both RA and IFNs induce interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). We find that in HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells which undergo mitogen activated protien kinase (MAPK)-dependent myeloid differentiation in response to RA, IRF-1 propels differentiation. RA induces MAPK-dependent expression of IRF-1. IRF-1 binds c-Cbl, a MAPK related adaptor. Ectopic IRF-1 expression causes CD38 expression and activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK axis, and enhances RA-induced differentiation by augmenting CD38, CD11b, respiratory burst and G0 arrest. Ectopic IRF-1 expression also decreases the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, a stem cell marker, and enhances RA-induced ALDH1 down-regulation. Interestingly, expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is RA-induced and known to down-regulate Oct4 and drive RA-induced differentiation, also enhances IRF-1 expression. The data are consistent with a model whereby IRF-1 acts downstream of RA and AhR to enhance Raf/MEK/ERK activation and propel differentiation.
Mobile audio-visual terminal: system design and subjective testing in DECT and UMTS networks

It is anticipated that there will shortly be a requirement for multimedia terminals that operate via mobile communications systems. This paper presents a functional specification for such a terminal operating at 32 kb/s in a Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio network. A terminal has been built, based on a PC with digital signal processor (DSP) boards for audio and video coding and decoding. Speech coding is by a phonetically driven code-excited linear prediction (CELP) speech coder and video coding by a block-oriented hybrid discrete cosine transform (DCT) coder. Separate channel coding is provided for the audio and video data. The paper describes the techniques used for audio and video coding, channel coding, and synchronization. Methods of subjective testing in a DECT network and in a UMTS network are also described. These consisted of subjective tests of first impressions of the mobile audio-visual terminal (MAVT) quality, interactive tests, and the completion of an exit questionnaire. The test results showed that the quality of the audio was sufficiently good for comprehension and the video was sufficiently good for following and repeating simple mechanical tasks. However, the quality of the MAVT was not good enough for general use where high-quality audio and video was needed, especially when transmission was in a noisy radio environment.
Cloning and characterization of myr 6, an unconventional myosin of the dilute/myosin-V family.

We have isolated cDNAs encoding a second member of the dilute (myosin-V) unconventional myosin family in vertebrates, myr 6 (myosin from rat 6). Expression of myr 6 transcripts in the brain is much more limited than is the expression of dilute, with highest levels observed in choroid plexus and components of the limbic system. We have mapped the myr 6 locus to mouse chromosome 18 using an interspecific backcross. The 3' portion of the myr 6 cDNA sequence from rat is nearly identical to that of a previously published putative glutamic acid decarboxylase from mouse [Huang, W.M. , Reed-Fourquet, L. , Wu, E. & Wu, J.Y. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8491-8495].
Abundance-based reconstitution of microbial pan-genomes from whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing data

Analysis toolkits for whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing data achieved strain-level characterization of complex microbial communities by capturing intra-species gene content variation [1,2]. Yet, these tools are hampered by the extent of reference genomes that are far from covering all microbial variability, as many species are still not sequenced or have only few strains available. Binning co-abundant genes obtained from de novo assembly is a powerful reference-free technique for discovering and reconstituting gene repertoire of microbial species [3]. While current methods accurately identify species core genes, they miss many accessory genes or split them in small separated clusters. However, characterizing accessory genes is crucial as they can significantly impact the functional potential of the studied stains by providing antibiotic resistance or pathogenicity [4,5], for instance. We introduce MSPminer [6], the first reference-free tool that discovers, delineates and structures Metagenomic Species Pan-genomes (MSPs) by binning co-abundant genes across large-scale shotgun metagenomics datasets. MSPminer relies on a new robust measure for grouping not only species core genes but accessory genes also. In MSPs, an empirical classifier distinguishes core from accessory and shared genes. We applied MSPminer to the largest publicly available gene abundance table which is composed of
Change in Care Staff's Attitudes Towards People with Learning Disabilities Following Intervention at the Leros PIKPA Asylum

The pilot intervention project at Leros PIKPA asylum sought to change the management of residents by decreasing care staff's tendency to view people with learning disabilities with attitudes of custodial segregation (e.g. “they should all live in institutions”) and categorisation (e.g. “they are all alike”). To that end, staff were trained on the job in resident management and participated in seminars, sensitisation groups, clinical case presentations and visits to model rehabilitation units. To investigate whether staff attitudes towards people with learning disabilities had been influenced, staff members responded to a questionnaire of such attitudes, in March 1991 (initial assessment) and a year later (reassessment). Factor analyses of attitude ratings at initial assessment revealed a strong negative attitudinal construct, “Rejective and custodial segregation – Categorisation”, according to which institutionalisation was the only appropriate type of care for people with learning disabilities, regardless of individual differences. At reassessment, however, this factor had split into two independent ones, “Rejective and custodial segregation” and “Categorisation”, suggesting that the staff had understood that custodial care did not apply to all persons with learning disabilities indiscriminately. Reassessment factors further indicated that staff had comprehended the appropriateness of alternative care forms – community and home care. Analysis of Categorisation and Custodial segregation attitude ratings showed that only staff's tendency to view the disabled as “all alike” (Categorisation) had decreased at reassessment. The latter change and the structural change revealed by the factor analyses imply that staff's attitudes underwent a small but significant modification.
Bag of Compact HKS-based Feature Descriptors

3D object retrieval has become an integral part in many today's applications attracting extensive research efforts. This paper introduces an enhanced 3D object retrieval technique using a compact and highly discriminative feature point descriptor. The key idea is based on integrating Bag of features (BoF) paradigm with Heat Kernel Signature (HKS) for feature description and detection. Initially, HKS computation phase defines HKS point signatures for each 3D model. Then, an innovative feature point detection algorithm provides a succinct set of feature points to be associated with a compact HKS-based descriptor vectors computed at local time scales. Finally, we take advantage of the BoF paradigm to encode a given 3D model with an informative feature frequency vector. The proposed approach has been evaluated on SHREC 2015 dataset of non-rigid models. The experimental results demonstrate the effective retrieval performance, invariance to different kinds of deformation and possible noise.
[The values of serum cytokines in chronic lung disease in newborn].

INTRODUCTION Chronic lung disease in the newborn is a complication of mechanical ventilation. The diagnosis of chronic lung disease is made in children of over 36 post-conceptual weeks' age who still require additional oxygen and who have abnormal chest x-ray findings. This study was aimed at triaging newborns at risk of developing chronic lung disease. The operating study hypothesis was that the values of insulin-like growth factor I below 30 microg/L in the 33rd post-conceptual week were associated with the development of chronic lung disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS The above hypothesis was verified by a cohort, prospective study, which included preterm newborns of 33 gestational weeks' age or less who were hospitalised at the Department of Neonatology of the Clinical Centre of Montenegro from Aril 2008 to July 2009. The blood sample was taken in the 33rd post-conceptual week and the insulin-like growth factor value was determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Our study results confirmed the theory of statistically significant correlation of the length of pregnancy and birth body weight with insulin-like growth factor serum level. DISCUSSION We did not find any statistically significant correlation between the insulin-like growth factor serum value and chronic lung disease in the newborn. It is possible that the insulin-like growth factor has a different role at various stages of pathogenesis of diseases of prematurity. CONCLUSION We believe that by correcting the term for determining the levels we can get a significant correlation between low values of insulin-like growth factor -1 and chronic lung disease.
Premature death of TDP‐43 (A315T) transgenic mice due to gastrointestinal complications prior to development of full neurological symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abnormal distribution, modification and aggregation of transactivation response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) are the hallmarks of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, especially frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin‐positive inclusions (FTLD‐U) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic mouse lines overexpressing wild‐type or mutant TDP‐43 exhibit ALS‐like symptom, motor abnormalities and early paralysis followed by death. Reports on lifespan and phenotypic behaviour in Prp‐TDP‐43 (A315T) vary, and these animals are not fully characterized. Although it has been proposed that the approximate 20% loss of motor neurons at end stage is responsible for the severe weakness and death in TDP‐43 mice, this degree of neurologic damage appears insufficient to cause death. Hence we studied these mice to further characterize and determine the reason for the death. Our characterization of TDP‐43 transgenic mice showed that these mice develop ALS‐like symptoms that later become compounded by gastrointestinal (GI) complications that resulted in death. This is the first report of a set of pathological evidence in the GI track that is strong indicator for the cause of death of Prp‐hTDP‐43 (A315T) transgenic mice.
Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the gastric stump

To evaluate retrospectively the surgical treatment of patients with gastric stump cancer following gastrectomy for benign disease, we reviewed 52 patients operated on at the National Cancer Centre, Tokyo, between 1962 and 1988. Resection was carried out in 47 patients (90 per cent) and with curative intent in 36 (69 per cent). Stage distribution was: stage 1, 15 patients; stage 2, 5; stage 3, 9; stage 4, 23. In 36 cases curatively resected, 32 had completion total gastrectomy and four had subtotal resection. An R1 resection was performed in 11 patients and an R2 in 25. We had two hospital deaths and a 5‐year survival rate excluding hospital deaths of 39 per cent. The 5‐year survival rates of resected cases, curative cases and those having metastatic nodes were 43 per cent, 57 per cent and 29 per cent respectively. Radical resection is a reasonable treatment for gastric stump cancer as it is for primary cancer of the stomach.
Photobioreactor design: Mixing, carbon utilization, and oxygen accumulation

Photobioreactor design and operation are discussed in terms of mixing, carbon utilization, and the accumulation of photosynthetically produced oxygen. The open raceway pond is the primary type of reactor considered; however small diameter (1–5 cm) horizontal glass tubular reactors are compared to ponds in several respects. These are representative of the diversity in photobioreactor design: low capital cost, open systems and high capital cost, closed systems. Two 100‐m2 raceways were operated to provide input data and to validate analytical results. With a planktonic Chlorella sp. , no significant difference in productivity was noted between one pond mixed at 30 cm/s and another mixed from 1 to 30 cm/s. Thus, power consumption or CO2 outgassing limits maximal mixing velocities. Mixing power inputs measured in 100‐m2 ponds agreed fairly well with those calculated by the use of Manning's equation. A typically configured tubular reactor flowing full (1 cm diameter, 30 cm/s) consumes 10 times as much energy as a typical pond (20 cm deep flowing at 20 cm/s). Tubular reactors that flow only partially full would be limited by large hydraulic head losses to very short sections (as little as 2 m length at 30 cm/s flow) or very low flow velocities. Open ponds have greater CO2 storage capacity than tubular reactors because of their greater culture volume per square meter (100–300 L/m2 vs. 8–40 L/m2 for 1–5‐cm tubes). However, after recarbonation, open ponds tend to desorb CO2 to the atmosphere. Thus ponds must be operated at higher pH and lower alkalinity than would be possible with tubular reactors if cost of carbon is a constraint. The mass transfer coefficient, KL, for CO2 release through the surface of a 100‐m2 pond was determined to be 0.10 m/h. Oxygen buildup would be a serious problem with any enclosed reactor, especially small‐diameter tubes. At maximal rates of photosynthesis, a 1‐cm tubular reactor would accumulate 8–10 mg O2/L/min. This may result in concentrations of oxygen reaching 100 mg/L, even with very frequent gas exchange. In an open pond, dissolved oxygen rises much more slowly as a consequence of the much greater volume per unit surface area and the outgassing of oxygen to the atmosphere. The maximum concentration of dissolved oxygen is typically 25–40 mg/L. The major advantage of enclosed reactors lies in the potential for aseptic operation, a product value which justifies the expense. For most products of algal mass cultivation, open ponds are the only feasible photobioreactor design capable of meeting the economic and operating requirements of such systems, provided desirable species can be maintained.
Functional Evidence That Conserved TCR CDRα3 Loop Docking Governs the Cross-Recognition of Closely Related Peptide:Class I Complexes1

The TCR recognizes its peptide:MHC (pMHC) ligand by assuming a diagonal orientation relative to the MHC helices, but it is unclear whether and to what degree individual TCRs exhibit docking variations when contacting similar pMHC complexes. We analyzed monospecific and cross-reactive recognition by diverse TCRs of an immunodominant HVH-1 glycoprotein B epitope (HSV-8p) bound to two closely related MHC class I molecules, H-2Kb and H-2Kbm8. Previous studies indicated that the pMHC portion likely to vary in conformation between the two complexes resided at the N-terminal part of the complex, adjacent to peptide residues 2–4 and the neighboring MHC side chains. We found that CTL clones sharing TCR β-chains exhibited disparate recognition patterns, whereas those with drastically different TCRβ-chains but sharing identical TCRα CDR3 loops displayed identical functional specificity. This suggested that the CDRα3 loop determines the TCR specificity in our model, the conclusion supported by modeling of the TCR over the actual HSV-8:Kb crystal structure. Importantly, these results indicate a remarkable conservation in CDRα3 positioning, and, therefore, in docking of diverse TCRαβ heterodimers onto variant peptide:class I complexes, implying a high degree of determinism in thymic selection and T cell activation.
L2/HNK‐1 carbohydrate and protein‐protein interactions mediate the homophilic binding of the neural adhesion molecule P0

The neural adhesion molecule P0, the most abundant glycoprotein in peripheral myelin of mammals, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and expresses the L2/HNK‐1 and L3 oligosaccharides at a single N‐glycosylation site. It acts in both homophilic and heterophilic binding mechanisms. To investigate the molecular requirements for homophilic interaction, we have used P0 from human sciatic nerve and the extracellular domain of P0 expressed in bacteria to determine binding of P0 to P0 in solid phase and bead aggregation assays. The binding of P0 to P0 could be partially inhibited in both assays by antibodies to the L2/HNK‐1 epitope and by the L2/HNK‐1 carbohydrate, but not by L3 antibodies or other carbohydrates. Inhibition of binding was also seen with polyclonal antibodies reacting with the protein backbone of P0. These observations indicate that both carbohydrate and protein structures are involved in the binding of P0 to P0 and that P0 acts as a presenter of and a receptor for a functionally important carbohydrate. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protective effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor on myocardial mitochondria during hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion

ObjectiveTo examine the mitochondrial function in the myocardium after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion and to evaluate the protective effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) on mitochondria. DesignAnimal experiment. SettingUniversity research laboratory. SubjectsWistar rats receiving 50,000 units/kg/hr of UTI (n = 27; UTI group) and control rats (n = 26; control group). InterventionsRats were subjected to low-perfusion ischemia with the left ventricular systolic pressure maintained at 50 mm Hg for 60 mins by bleeding, followed by a 60-min reperfusion by transfusion of shed blood. UTI was infused continuously from 10 mins before bleeding. Cardiac function was measured before bleeding, after bleeding, and after transfusion; at each determination point, the myocardial contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (P-Cr), pyruvate (Pyr), and lactate (Lac) were measured enzymatically. The cytosolic phosphorylation potential (PP) as well as the redox potential of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide couple in mitochondria (EhNAD+/NADH) and change of Gibbs free energy in ATP hydrolysis (&Dgr;GATP hydrolysis energy) were calculated. Measurements and Main ResultsCardiac function decreased during hemorrhagic shock but improved significantly in the UTI group after transfusion compared with the control group. Lac and the Lac/Pyr ratio were significantly lower in the UTI group than in the control group after transfusion. ATP and P-Cr were significantly higher in the UTI group than in the control group after transfusion. PP (×10 3 M−1), EhNAD+/NADH (x − 1 mV), and &Dgr;GATP hydrolysis (x − 1 kcal/mol) were 1.9 ± 0.4, 266 ± 4, and 9.7 ± 0.2, respectively, in the control group and 4.0 ± 0.9, 274 ± 5 and 13.0 ± 0.2, respectively, in the UTI group after transfusion (p < .001, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively). ConclusionsIn reperfusion after hemorrhagic shock, oxidative phosphorylation in myocardial mitochondria is impaired and energy production remains reduced, even after reperfusion. UTI contributed to the recovery of cardiac function after reperfusion, probably by reducing the severity of mitochondrial dysfunction during a state of shock and by maintaining energy production.
A Primer for Health Care Professionals and Policy Makers

All rights reserved. Reproduction of this report, in its entirety and unaltered, by photocopying or electronic means for noncommercial purposes is permitted. Otherwise, no part of this report may be reproduced, adapted, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior written permission of Treating Autism Publications. Further printed copies of this publication can be requested by writing to mail@treatingautism.co.uk To protect the privacy of individuals, all names in the case examples have been changed. ESPA Research is a not-for-profit subsidiary of ESPA (Education and Services for People with Autism) dedicated to undertaking high-quality research into autism and related conditions all for the public benefit. Autism Treatment Plus, dedicated to helping individuals with autism reach optimal health and learning, provides access to diagnostic, medical and behavioural services. Treating Autism, a charity run entirely by volunteers, provides information and support to families and individuals affected by autism with the aim of improving their quality of life. charities, nor individual contributors take any responsibility or liability for any decision taken as a result of the information contained herein. Executive Summary Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition. While ASD is currently diagnosed on the basis of the presence and severity of core abnormalities in social communication and repetitive behaviours, many common medical conditions are now known to be significantly more prevalent in people with ASD compared to the general population. Premature mortality is also significantly increased in ASD. Yet, according to widespread reports and published case studies, there have been many cases of symptoms of medical conditions, sometimes severe, being attributed without investigation to 'behaviours', 'mental health issues' or just ASD itself. Difficulties with communication can represent a significant barrier to accessing appropriate health care for individuals with ASD. These problems can be compounded if a parent or a carer is not aware that symptoms should be reported as important, especially if these symptoms have been dismissed any time in the past. The onus is on healthcare and other professionals working in partnership with parents and carers to recognise and respond to these challenges in order to adequately treat people with ASD. The fast-changing research literature is summarised in this document in order to support all responsible parties towards understanding the possible mechanisms, symptomatology, behaviours and other possible consequences of medical comorbidities in ASD, thus enabling improved patient …
Prevention of Running Injuries

Evidence for preventive strategies to lessen running injuries is needed as these occur in 40%-50% of runners on an annual basis. Many factors influence running injuries, but strong evidence for prevention only exists for training modification primarily by reducing weekly mileage. Two anatomical factors - cavus feet and leg length inequality - demonstrate a link to injury. Weak evidence suggests that orthotics may lessen risk of stress fracture, but no clear evidence proves they will reduce the risk of those athletes with leg length inequality or cavus feet. This article reviews other potential injury variables, including strength, biomechanics, stretching, warm-up, nutrition, psychological factors, and shoes. Additional research is needed to determine whether interventions to address any of these will help prevent running injury.