Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of the Cause, Impact and Management of Persistent Fatigue in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Following Tumour Necrosing Factor Inhibition Therapy

INTRODUCTION Fatigue is a major symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease. The present study explored patients' experiences of RA fatigue to elucidate unique elements and management strategies. METHODS This single site study recruited tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi)-treated RA patients with a moderate/good response in disease activity and persistent moderate/greater fatigue on a five-point verbal rating scale. This qualitative descriptive design used semi-structured questions, individual interviews and content analysis of narrative data. RESULTS Ten patients were interviewed (six women), with age and disease duration ranges of 44-75 and 6-36 years, respectively. Perceptions of the RA fatigue experience generated four categories (experiencing a distinct, yet seldom discussed RA symptom; seeking an explanation for fatigue; being in an incapacitating state; and trying to manage) and eight subcategories. Fatigue was newly identified as a distinct part of the entity of RA. While patients proposed many plausible root causes, the only rational explanation for the nature of this fatigue was that it was integral to their RA. Singularly, fatigue contributed considerably to RA-imposed lifestyle restrictions. Patients had learnt to accommodate and self-manage fatigue in the absence of professional input. Novel management strategies proposed included patients talking about the nature of RA fatigue with others and the need for staff to alert patients to this distinct symptom of RA. CONCLUSION Fatigue, branded as a distinct symptom of RA, exerted an identifiable impact on patients. Fatigue is potentially amenable to modification; talking about fatigue was proposed as a novel management strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Patrol Operation on Hydration Status and Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate of Brazilian Peacekeepers in Haiti

Abstract Duarte, AFA and Morgado, JJM. Effects of patrol operation on hydration status and autonomic modulation of heart rate of Brazilian peacekeepers in Haiti. J Strength Cond Res 29(11S): S82–S87, 2015—The stress of operational missions may challenge the maintenance of body homeostasis, affecting soldiers' cardiac autonomic control, promoting dehydration, and compromising performance. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of peacekeeper patrol operation in Haiti on soldiers' hydration status and cardiac autonomic modulation, and to determine whether fluctuations in autonomic modulation were associated with changes in hydration status, energy expenditure (EE), and aerobic fitness (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max). A group of 20 soldiers (23.5 ± 4.7 years; V[Combining Dot Above]O2max 52.9 ± 4.5 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed an operational patrol mission with a mean duration of 160.6 ± 28.6 minutes. Before (Pre) and after (Post) the operation, the soldiers' body masses (BMs) were measured and 5-minute heart rate interbeat (R-R) intervals were recorded at rest to estimate heart rate variability (low-frequency [LF] and high-frequency [HF] power, and sympathovagal balance [LF/HF]). During the mission, EE was estimated using heart rate (HR) monitors. Changes from Pre to Post in BM (%BM loss) and LF/HF (&Dgr;LF/HF) were used to evaluate the soldiers' dehydration levels and autonomic modulation, respectively. The mean EE was 711.0 ± 208.7 kcal. From pre to post, increases (p < 0.01) were noted in LF normalized units (n.u.) and LF/HF and decreases (p < 0.01) were noted in BM, R-R interval, and HF n.u. The variation in &Dgr;LF/HF correlated with EE (r = 0.49; p = 0.02), V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (r = −0.42; p = 0.05), and %BM loss (r = 0.53; p = 0.02). The results demonstrated that an operational peacekeeper patrol with an approximate duration of 160 minutes promoted both dehydration and an imbalance in the autonomic modulation of soldiers' HR. The reduction in sympathovagal balance correlated with EE, dehydration, and aerobic conditioning.
Vibration perception threshold—a valuable assessment of neural dysfunction in people with diabetes

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has been identified as a key element in the causal pathway to foot ulceration and other lower‐extremity complications, impaired quality of life and increased mortality. Early detection is essential to optimise effective risk management, including adequate foot care, patient education, and future pharmacological therapy. However, data suggest that screening has been mostly sub‐optimal, and many physicians remain unfamiliar with non‐invasive screening tests. There is evidence in the literature to suggest that vibration perception threshold (VPT) measures can be used to easily and accurately identify at‐risk diabetic patients, including those with early neuropathic deficits. These measures have been used in population‐based studies and are associated with an increased risk of severe and expensive outcomes, such as ulcers and amputations. Incorporating VPT testing into clinical practice has the potential to significantly improve the outcomes in patients with DPN, thereby substantially reducing the socio‐economic burden of this common and challenging disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La diversidad en la escuela desde la perspectiva lingüística y cultural

En la actualidad se constata la presencia, numericamente relevante, de alumnado de origen inmigrante en los centros educativos como consecuencia de la llegada de personas y familias que provienen de otros paises. Con este marco de fondo, a partir de una muestra de 145 alumnos inmigrantes que fueron comparados con 832 alumnos autoctonos adolescentes de 13 a 16 anos (M=14,5 DT=0,69), escolarizados en segundo y cuarto de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria en las escuelas de Bilbao, el estudio analiza cuales son las lenguas que se detectan en la escuela, asi como el conocimiento y uso de las lenguas de dichos centros.
Contribution of calcium-dependent facilitation to synaptic plasticity revealed by migraine mutations in the P/Q-type calcium channel

The dynamics, computational power, and strength of neural circuits are essential for encoding and processing information in the CNS and rely on short and long forms of synaptic plasticity. In a model system, residual calcium (Ca2+) in presynaptic terminals can act through neuronal Ca2+ sensor proteins to cause Ca2+-dependent facilitation (CDF) of P/Q-type channels and induce short-term synaptic facilitation. However, whether this is a general mechanism of plasticity at intact central synapses and whether mutations associated with human disease affect this process have not been described to our knowledge. In this report, we find that, in both exogenous and native preparations, gain-of-function missense mutations underlying Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 1 (FHM-1) occlude CDF of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. In FHM-1 mutant mice, the alteration of P/Q-type channel CDF correlates with reduced short-term synaptic facilitation at cerebellar parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses. Two-photon imaging suggests that P/Q-type channels at parallel fiber terminals in FHM-1 mice are in a basally facilitated state. Overall, the results provide evidence that FHM-1 mutations directly affect both P/Q-type channel CDF and synaptic plasticity and that together likely contribute toward the pathophysiology underlying FHM-1. The findings also suggest that P/Q-type channel CDF is an important mechanism required for normal synaptic plasticity at a fast synapse in the mammalian CNS.
2001 Consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE To provide consensus guidelines for the management of women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which can act as a precursor to invasive cervical cancer and represents one of the most common significant gynecologic diseases of women of reproductive age. PARTICIPANTS An independent panel of 121 experts in various aspects of the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer precursors, including representatives from 29 participating professional organizations, federal agencies, national and international health organizations, and others invited by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP). CONSENSUS PROCESS Guidelines for the management of women with CIN were developed through a multistep process. Working groups, who performed formal literature reviews and obtained input from the professional community at large by way of an interactive Internet-based bulletin board, developed draft management guidelines. At the ASCCP Consensus Conference, September 6-8, 2001, in Bethesda, Maryland, all guidelines were discussed, revised, and adopted by formal vote. CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based guidelines have been developed for the management of women with biopsy-confirmed CIN.
Daily weight monitoring as a method of weight gain prevention in healthy weight and overweight young adult women

Experimental research is needed to examine whether weight monitoring impacts weight and whether it has unintended harmful effects. This study randomly assigned 49 first-year university women (body mass index: 20–30 kg/m2) to daily weight monitoring or a control condition and measured weight, mood, body dissatisfaction, and unhealthy weight control behaviors at baseline and 8 weeks, and weight at 20-week follow-up. No harmful effects of daily weighing were detected; acceptability and adherence were high. Weight monitoring did not impact weight; both groups showed little weight gain. Results suggest that weight monitoring has minimal harmful effects and may be useful for preventing weight gain.
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs), known as drug- and carcinogen-metabolising enzymes, have had historic roles in cellular metabolism, carcinogenesis and pharmacogenetics, including epidemiological studies of disease susceptibility. NAT research in the past 5 years builds on that history and additionally paves the way for establishing the following new concepts in biology and opportunities in drug discovery: i) NAT polymorphisms can be used as tools in molecular anthropology to study human evolution; ii) tracing NAT protein synthesis and degradation within cells is providing insight into protein folding in cell biology; iii) studies on control of NAT gene expression may help to understand the increase in the human NAT isoenzyme, NAT1, in breast cancer; iv) a NAT homologue in mycobacteria plays an essential role in cell-wall synthesis and mycobacterial survival inside host macrophage, thus identifying a novel biochemical pathway; v) transgenic mice, with genetic modifications of all Nat genes, provide in vivo tools for drug metabolism; and vi) structures of NAT isoenzymes provide essential in silico tools for drug discovery.
The Effect of IL-5 and Eotaxin Expression in the Lung on Eosinophil Trafficking and Degranulation and the Induction of Bronchial Hyperreactivity1

The mechanisms regulating the selective migration and degranulation of eosinophils in the asthmatic lung and the subsequent development of airways hyperreactivity (AHR) have not been fully delineated. In this investigation, we have employed a novel transgene model to facilitate the dissection of the contributions of IL-5 and/or eotaxin to eosinophil function in the absence of complex tissue signals derived from the allergic lung. Gene transfer of IL-5 and/or eotaxin to the lungs of naive mice induced a pronounced and selective airways eosinophilia, but did not result in eosinophil degranulation or AHR. Airways eosinophilia occurred independently of the induction of a blood eosinophilia, but was markedly augmented by the coexpression of both cytokines and/or by the transient mobilization of eosinophils from the bone marrow by the administration of i.v. IL-5. However, for eosinophil degranulation and AHR to occur, the inhalation of Ag was required in association with IL-5 and eotaxin expression. Investigations in IL-5-deficient mice linked eosinophilia, and not solely IL-5 and eotaxin, with the induction of AHR. Furthermore, eosinophil degranulation and AHR were dependent on CD4+ T cells. Importantly, this investigation shows that IL-5 regulates eosinophilia within the lung as well as in the circulation and also amplifies eotaxin-induced chemotaxis in the airway compartment. Moreover, the interplay between these cytokines, CD4+ T cells, and factors generated by Ag inhalation provides fundamental signals for eosinophil degranulation and the induction of AHR.
The Latent Membrane Protein 1 of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Primes EBV Latency Cells for Type I Interferon Production*

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency has been associated with a variety of human cancers. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is one of the key viral proteins required for transformation of primary B cells in vitro and establishment of EBV latency. We have previously shown that LMP-1 induces the expression of several interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and has antiviral effect (Zhang, J., Das, S. C., Kotalik, C., Pattnaik, A. K., and Zhang, L. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 46335–46342). In this report, a novel mechanism related to the antiviral effect of LMP-1 is identified. We show that EBV type III latency cells, in which LMP-1 is expressed, are primed to produce robust levels of endogenous IFNs upon infection of Sendai virus. The priming action is due to the expression of LMP-1 but not EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2). The signaling events from the C-terminal activator regions of LMP-1 are essential to prime cells for high IFN production. LMP-1-mediated activation of NF-κB is apparently necessary and sufficient for LMP-1-mediated priming effect in DG75 cells, a human B cell line. IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) that can be activated by LMP-1 is also implicated in the priming action. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that LMP-1 may prime EBV latency cells for IFN production and that the antiviral property of LMP-1 may be an intrinsic part of EBV latency program, which may assist the establishment and/or maintenance of viral latency.
The Dynamics of Growth within Global Organisations: Issues, Consequences and Implications

An ever-accelerating rate of growth is altering the pace of change and making global organisations perform trade-offs in terms of organisational capabilities and quality of output. This paper reports on the empirical findings of a case study conducted at one of the world's largest software organisations and analyses the implications of rapid growth within global organisations. The paper further correlates the findings with the problems and issues confronting the world's largest automobile manufacturer, and establishes that growth needs to be planned to allow organisational capabilities and systems to support rapid expansion. Overall, the research highlights the important lessons learnt from accelerated growth within global organisations, and identifies the areas of future research required to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Survey of media access control protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks

Recent advances in various wireless communication technologies and the emergence of computationally rich vehicles are pushing vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) research to the forefront in academia and industry. A lot of research results have been published in various areas (such as routing, broadcasting, security and others) of VANET in the last decade covering both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) scenarios. One specific area of VANET that still faces significant challenges is the design of reliable and robust media access control (MAC) protocols for V2V communications. The authors present a survey of V2V MAC methods (including various VANET standards) that have been proposed for VANETs over the last few years. The authors also focus on the benefits and limitations of the proposed MAC techniques as well as their ease of implementation in practice and future deployment. In addition some of the challenges that still need to be addressed to enable the implementation of highly efficient and high performance MAC protocols for V2V communications are discussed. Finally, some innovative solutions that can be developed to address these challenges are proposed.
Reducing Bile Leak Following Segmental Liver Transplantation: Understanding Biliary Anatomy of the Caudate Lobe

Bile leak in split and living donor liver transplantation is not an uncommon postoperative complication with significant morbidity to both donor and recipients. Nonanastomotic bile leaks in these transplants are less well characterized and generally described as cut‐surface leaks. A proportion of these leaks may derive from biliary radicles draining the caudate lobe. Based on the caudate lobe biliary anatomy the authors describe measures that may help to reduce such complications after segmental liver transplantation.
Three Acyltransferases and Nitrogen-responsive Regulator Are Implicated in Nitrogen Starvation-induced Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Chlamydomonas*

Background: Nitrogen-starvation and other stresses induce triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in algae, but the relevant enzymes and corresponding signal transduction pathways are unknown. Results: RNA-Seq and genetic analysis revealed three acyltransferases that contribute to TAG accumulation. Conclusion: TAG synthesis results from recycling of membrane lipids and also by acylation of DAG. Significance: The genes are potential targets for manipulating TAG hyperaccumulation. Algae have recently gained attention as a potential source for biodiesel; however, much is still unknown about the biological triggers that cause the production of triacylglycerols. We used RNA-Seq as a tool for discovering genes responsible for triacylglycerol (TAG) production in Chlamydomonas and for the regulatory components that activate the pathway. Three genes encoding acyltransferases, DGAT1, DGTT1, and PDAT1, are induced by nitrogen starvation and are likely to have a role in TAG accumulation based on their patterns of expression. DGAT1 and DGTT1 also show increased mRNA abundance in other TAG-accumulating conditions (minus sulfur, minus phosphorus, minus zinc, and minus iron). Insertional mutants, pdat1-1 and pdat1-2, accumulate 25% less TAG compared with the parent strain, CC-4425, which demonstrates the relevance of the trans-acylation pathway in Chlamydomonas. The biochemical functions of DGTT1 and PDAT1 were validated by rescue of oleic acid sensitivity and restoration of TAG accumulation in a yeast strain lacking all acyltransferase activity. Time course analyses suggest than a SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein domain transcription factor, whose mRNA increases precede that of lipid biosynthesis genes like DGAT1, is a candidate regulator of the nitrogen deficiency responses. An insertional mutant, nrr1-1, accumulates only 50% of the TAG compared with the parental strain in nitrogen-starvation conditions and is unaffected by other nutrient stresses, suggesting the specificity of this regulator for nitrogen-deprivation conditions.
Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumor angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting vasculature. It is an essential feature of the female reproductive cycle, embryonic development and wound repair. Angiogenesis has also been identified as a causal or contributing factor in several pathologies, including cancer, where it is a rate‐limiting step during tumor progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of soluble and membrane‐anchored proteolytic enzymes that can degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as a growing number of modulators of cell function. Several of the MMPs, in particular the gelatinases and membrane‐type 1 MMP (MT1‐MMP), have been linked to angiogenesis. Potential roles for these proteases during the angiogenic process include degradation of the basement membrane and perivascular ECM components, unmasking of cryptic biologically relevant sites in ECM components, modulation of angiogenic factors and production of endogenous angiogenic inhibitors. This review brings together what is currently known about the functions of the MMPs and the closely related ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain) and ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) families in angiogenesis and considers how this information might be useful in manipulation of the angiogenic process, with a view to constraining tumor progression. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surprised by Prayer.

suggest that prayer is an effective adjunct to healthcare; it can provide peace, and provide hope for patients (Hubbartt, Corey, & Kautz, 2012). Like my student, some nurses are uncomfortable initiating prayer (Hubbartt et al., 2012), especially because patients may reject this act (Taylor, 2012). Nurses can monitor patients’ outward signs of acceptance of faith conversations. Does the patient have a Bible or prayer book at the bedside? Does he wear a cross on a chain? Is there a chaplain who visits the patient? In such cases, it may be appropriate to ask a patient if she would like to pray or discuss spirituality. In doing so, healthcare professionals provide occasions of invoking God’s grace. The words of Scripture ring true for us and for our patients: “Let us then with confidence draw near to the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need” (Hebrews 4:16, ESV).
Identification of diabetic retinopathy in eye images using transfer learning

Convolutional Neural Networks have been performing exceptionally well for the recognition of worldly objects and there are various trained models available which can give you the class of an object if an image of the object is fed as their input. But, we can also retrain an already trained model for anotherset of classes of our interest and we have retrained such a model to check the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in eye images (data has been provided by eyePacs as color fundus images) on the scale of 0–5. A convolutional neural network classifier engineered from Inception V3 network (trained for ImageNet) for 5-class severity classification performed best with an accuracy of 48.2%.
PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII

Pneumocystis cnrinii is generally believed to be a protozan occurring in two forms: a trophozoite of 1.5 m p diameter and cysts of about 7.0-mp diameter. Cysts are easily isolated from lung, but in the 60 years since the agent was described by Chagas, no one has been able to propagate the agent in vitro, and its exact nature remains to be delineated. Available evidence indicates that (1) Pneumocystis corinii is a pathogen of low virulence endemic throughout temperate and, probably, tropical climates, up to altitudes of 5,000 feet, (2) its only known habitat is the respiratory tract, particularly lungs of rodents, dogs, and subhuman and human primates, although congenital involvement of the lungs of newborn infants indicates that the maternal genital tract must ev ritually be excluded as a source harboring the agent, (3) while many subclinical involvements exist, the slow accumulation of organisms over a period of several weeks to fill the pulmonary air spaces may terminate in asphyxia1 death of the susceptible host, a state termed pneumocystis pneumonia, and (4) pneumocystic pneumonia tends to occur in microepidemics in circumscribed, often institutional populations, with a morbidity estimated as high as 80% . l These are characteristics of an opportunistic infection.