Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competition Policy: What are the Links?

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 I. Industrial Organisation and the characterisation of a market . 9 II. The use of industrial organisation in European competition policy: some illustrations. •. 17 fl 1 GOALS OF COMPETITION POLICY . 19 Jl2 CONCERTED PRACTICES AND PARALLELISM OF ACTIONS . 21 113 COOPERATIVE R&D AND CARTELS . 25 JI. 4 MERGERS AND EFFICIENCY DEFENCE . 3 0 CONCLUSION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 34 REFERENCES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. •••••• 35 THEORIES OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION AND COMPETITION POLICY: WHAT ARE THE LINKS?
A Comparative Evaluation of Subgingivally Delivered 2% Curcumin and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gel Adjunctive to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis.

AIM This study aimed to compare the effects of subgingival delivery of 2% curcumin gel and 0.2% chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical and microbiological parameters in the management of patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 25 systemically healthy individuals with age group ≥30 years diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were included in the study. The study was a double-blind split-mouth randomized control clinical trial. Two sites were selected in each patient and were randomly allocated to experimental and control sites. At baseline, measurements of site-specific periodontal parameters and collection of subgingival plaque sample were done. After full-mouth SRP, subgingival delivery of 2% curcumin gel in experimental sites and 0.2% chlorhexidine gel in control sites was done. At 1 and 3 months, subgingival plaque samples were collected again and site-specific periodontal parameters were measured. RESULTS The experimental group (2% curcumin gel) showed statistically significant improvements in periodontal [i.e., sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL)] and microbiologic parameters in the form of colony-forming units (CFUs) in comparison with control group (0.2% chlorhexidine gel). CONCLUSION Subgingival delivery of curcumin has shown effective anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Since it is biologically accepted by the patients and its delivery in periodontal pockets can be recommended as an adjunct to SRP therapy for the treatment of patients with localized, moderate chronic periodontitis and in patients under the periodontal maintenance phase. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Curcumin being a herbal agent may be excellent alternative to chlorhexidine. It is biologically accepted by the patients and can be recommended as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of localized moderate chronic periodontitis and periodontal maintenance patients.
Performance and energy effects on task-based parallelized applications User-directed versus manual vectorization

Heterogeneity, parallelization and vectorization are key techniques to improve the performance and energy efficiency of modern computing systems. However, programming andmaintaining code for these architectures poses a huge challenge due to the ever-increasing architecture complexity. Task-based environments hidemost of this complexity, improving scalability and usage of the available resources. In these environments, while there has been a lot of effort to ease parallelization and improve the usage of heterogeneous resources, vectorization has been considered a secondary objective. Furthermore, there has been a swift and unstoppable burst of vector architectures at all market segments, from embedded to HPC. Vectorization can no longer be ignored, but manual vectorization is tedious, error-prone and not practical for the average programmer. This work evaluates the feasibility of user-directed vectorization in task-based applications. Our evaluation is based on theOmpSs programmingmodel, extended to support user-directed vectorization for different SIMD architectures (i.e., SSE, AVX2, AVX512). Results show that user-directed codes achieve manually optimized code performance and energy efficiency with minimal code modifications, favoring portability across different SIMD architectures.
Power of quantum computing with restricted postselections

We consider restricted versions of ${\rm postBQP}$ where postselection probabilities can be efficiently calculated by classical or quantum computers. We show that such restricted ${\rm postBQP}$ classes are in ${\rm AWPP}(\subseteq{\rm PP}={\rm postBQP})$. This result suggests that postselecting an event with an exponentially small probability does not necessarily boost ${\rm BQP}$ to PP. The best upperbound of ${\rm BQP}$ is ${\rm AWPP}$, and therefore restricted ${\rm postBQP}$ classes are other examples of complexity classes "slightly above ${\rm BQP}$". In [C. M. Lee and J. Barrett, arXiv:1412.8671], it was shown that the computational capacity of a general probabilistic theory which satisfies the tomographic locality is in ${\rm AWPP}$. Our result therefore implies that quantum physics with restricted postselections is an example of a super quantum theory which seems to be outside of their general probabilistic theory but its computational capacity is also in ${\rm AWPP}$. Although it is physically natural to expect that such restricted ${\rm postBQP}$ classes are not equivalent to BQP, we show that ${\rm UP}\cap{\rm coUP}$, which is unlikely to be in BQP, is contained in the restricted ${\rm postBQP}$ classes. Finally, we also consider another restricted class of ${\rm postBQP}$, where the postselected probability depends only on the size of inputs. We show that this restricted version is contained in ${\rm APP}$, where ${\rm AWPP}\subseteq{\rm APP}\subseteq{\rm PP}={\rm postBQP}$.
Design and Evaluation of Gamification Experiences in Computer Science Studies

This paper presents two gamification experiences developed in the Computer Science (CS) degree at the University of Barcelona. Usually, the CS degree suffers from low class attendance, which impacts the participation of students in in-class programming activities. Additionally, this degree includes a basic course related to human computer interaction that, despite of being valuable for the formation of students, they feel as boring and useless, far from their - heavily computer focused - interests. Then we decided to gamify a basic course of programming skills and the mentioned HCI course. We decided to use two different formats, online and physical. First, one experience was performed in “Human Factors in Computing” course of third year of studies, with 70 enrolled students. First, students attended to a 3D online theoretical class related to emotional design in “The education district” (TED) platform, which is a 3D Virtual World (VW) for educational purposes, developed by Virtway corporation. Afterwards, they participated in the ‘Game of thrones’ gamified activity where they evaluated the usability of TED. Second, we designed ‘physical’ gamified classes to increase attendance to Data Structures course, and in consequence, augment the number of programming exercises that students perform and the assistance they receive from the teacher. During the gamified sessions, the 120 enrolled students enhanced their skills in solving programming problems. The experience consisted of three kinds of challenges (with easy, medium, and hard difficulty level) solved in large, medium, and low-sized groups of students, respectively. The results of both experiences were satisfactory as evidenced by the percentage of students (>=66,7%) that rated the activities between 6 and 10 (in a 0 to 10 scale).
INSILICO APPROACH FOR SINAPYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (SAD) PROTEIN ANALYSIS IN Cedrus deodara

Deodar (Cedrus deodara) is an important timber tree belongs to family Pinaceae, due to the high lignin content. It grows in the high altitude with the elevation range of 1200m to 3050m. The sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase participates in the formation of syringyl lignin through phenylpropanoid pathway of monolignols. The protein product of SAD gene is responsible for high lignin content which provides benefit in timber industry. Here the phylogeny analysis, three dimensional protein model followed by the validation to show more emphasis on evolutionary relationship, structure and function of sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD). The model structure showed the suitability with a member of NADP (H)-dependent dehydrogenase family which catalyzes the formation of monolignols from Populus tremuloides. The model revealed the stable confirmation during the study of atomic flexibility. In the future perspective molecular docking can be study for the response in defence mechanism against the pathogens and it will more visualize the self-defence pathway of the deodar tree.
The Impact of Using Information Technology Architecture on IT Capability and IT Performance : Focused on Public Agencies

As the amount of IT investment and the complexity of information systems in public agencies have been increased, efficient and structured management of IT systems is more emphasized. For the Korean government. ITA (Information Technology Architecture) is one of the core parts of the e-Government initiative. Also introducing and managing ITA in organizations is mandated by law in Korea. The objective of the paper is to study whether using ITA in public agencies is related with their IT capability and IT performance or not. A questionnaire had been designed for the purpose, and a survey had been performed on Korean public agencies. The survey results show that using ITA has influence on relation and technology capability. However, ITA does not influence on human capability and IT performance. The reason why using ITA is linked to relation and technology capability is that ITA includes relationship between both business and technology. Also ITA provides a technical reference model (TRM) and standard profile (SP), so it has influence on technology capability.
One-Shot Labeling for Automatic Relevance Estimation

Dealing with unjudged documents ("holes") in relevance assessments is a perennial problem when evaluating search systems with offline experiments. Holes can reduce the apparent effectiveness of retrieval systems during evaluation and introduce biases in models trained with incomplete data. In this work, we explore whether large language models can help us fill such holes to improve offline evaluations. We examine an extreme, albeit common, evaluation setting wherein only a single known relevant document per query is available for evaluation. We then explore various approaches for predicting the relevance of unjudged documents with respect to a query and the known relevant document, including nearest neighbor, supervised, and prompting techniques. We find that although the predictions of these One-Shot Labelers (1SL) frequently disagree with human assessments, the labels they produce yield a far more reliable ranking of systems than the single labels do alone. Specifically, the strongest approaches can consistently reach system ranking correlations of over 0.86 with the full rankings over a variety of measures. Meanwhile, the approach substantially increases the reliability of t-tests due to filling holes in relevance assessments, giving researchers more confidence in results they find to be significant. Alongside this work, we release an easy-to-use software package to enable the use of 1SL for evaluation of other ad-hoc collections or systems.
Stochastic Optimal Control Models for Online Stores

We present a model for the optimal design of an online auction/store by a seller. The framework we use is a stochastic optimal control problem. In our setting, the seller wishes to maximize her average wealth level, where she can control her price per unit via her reputation level. The corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellmann equation is analyzed for an introductory case. We then turn to an empirically justified model, and present introductory analysis. In both cases, pulsing advertising strategies are recovered for resource allocation. Further numerical and functional analysis will appear shortly.
Decrypting the Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Delineating the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Ruthenium-Phloretin Complex in Colon Carcinoma Correlated with the Oxidative Status and Increased Apoptotic Events

To explore fresh strategies in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy, we evaluated the capability of the ruthenium-phloretin complex in exterminating colon cancer by effectively addressing multiple apoptotic mechanisms on HT-29 cancer cells together with an animal model of colorectal cancer activated by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and dextran sulfate sodium. Our current approach offers tangible evidence of the application of the ruthenium-phloretin complex in future chemotherapy. The complex triggers intrinsic apoptosis triggered by p53 and modulates the Akt/mTOR pathway along with other inflammatory biomarkers. The ruthenium-phloretin complex has been synthesized and successfully characterized by numerous spectroscopic methodologies accompanied by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays assessing its antioxidant potential. Studies conducted in human cell lines revealed that the complex improved levels of p53 and caspase-3 while diminishing the activities of VEGF and mTOR, triggers apoptosis, and induces fragmentation of DNA in the HT-29 cells. Toxicity studies were conducted to identify the therapeutic doses of the novel complex in animal models. The outcomes of the in vivo report suggest that the complex was beneficial in repressing multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci as well as hyperplastic lesions and also promoted increased levels of CAT, SOD, and glutathione. In addition, the ruthenium-phloretin complex was able to control cell proliferation and boosted apoptotic outbursts in cancer cells associated with the increase in cellular response towards Bax while diminishing responses towards Bcl-2, NF-κB, and MMP-9. Our observations from the experiments deliver testament that the ruthenium-phloretin complex has the potential to act as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in colorectal cancer because it can affect the growth of ACF and hyperplastic abrasions in the colon tissues by evoking cell death.
The role of organizational culture for creating understanding and trust through internal crisis communication

Understanding and trust are major goals of the internal communication in general. In a crisis situation with its inherent uncertainty and lack of time their importance is elevated to a new level. The crisis communication theory lacks a cultural contextualization and a long-standing tradition for including the influence of organizational culture. The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of corporate culture as a key factor for internal crisis communication and its effectiveness. It investigates how the visible and less visible levels of culture manifest themselves in the internal crisis communication practice and identifies organizational culture patterns that support or impede understanding and trust.
Challenges of Increasing Hispanic Participation in STEM Fields

committee on Research & Education of the House Committee on Science and Technology held a hearing on “Broadening Participation in STEM”. The purpose was to examine the institutional and cultural barriers of increasing diversity in the sciences, the efforts to overcome these barriers, and the ways Federal agencies can provide support for successful outreach programs. In this issue of Spectrum, we excerpt two testimonies from this hearing: one related to Hispanic participation in STEM by Dr. Alicia Dowd (below) and another by Dr. David Yarlott on the role of Tribal Colleges & Universities in training Native Americans in the sciences (page 8).
A Critical Review of the <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub> Tracer Method to Measure Diazotrophic Production in Pelagic Ecosystems

Dinitrogen (N2) fixation is an important source of biologically reactive nitrogen (N) to the global ocean. The magnitude of this flux, however, remains uncertain, in part because N2 fixation rates have been estimated following divergent protocols and because associated levels of uncertainty are seldom reported—confounding comparison and extrapolation of rate measurements. A growing number of reports of relatively low but potentially significant rates of N2 fixation in regions such as oxygen minimum zones, the mesopelagic water column of the tropical and subtropical oceans, and polar waters further highlights the need for standardized methodological protocols for measurements of N2 fixation rates and for calculations of detection limits and propagated error terms. To this end, we examine current protocols of the N2 tracer method used for estimating diazotrophic rates, present results of experiments testing the validity of specific practices, and describe established metrics for reporting detection limits. We put forth a set of recommendations for best practices to estimate N2 fixation rates using N2 tracer, with the goal of fostering transparency in reporting sources of uncertainty in estimates, and to render N2 fixation rate estimates intercomparable among studies. Dinitrogen (N2) fixation, the biologically mediated reduction of atmospheric N2 gas to ammonium, is the dominant source of reactive nitrogen (N) to the global ocean (Gruber and Sarmiento 1997; Codispoti 2007; Gruber 2008). N2 fixation plays a critical role in both the N and carbon (C) cycles by relieving N-limitation of phytoplankton populations and thus enabling carbon dioxide (CO2) drawdown in the surface ocean (Mahaffey et al. 2005). Over the past century, substantial efforts have beenmade to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of N2 fixation rates in the ocean as well as the diversity and biogeography of N2 fixing organisms (diazotrophs). Nevertheless, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the globalmagnitude ofmarineN2fixation rates, as well as the chemical, physical, climatological, and ecological factors that control the growth and distributions of marine diazotrophs in the ocean. In particular, the global ocean flux of newly fixed N remains uncertain, in part because N2 fixation rate estimates derive from various protocols that introduce different levels of uncertainty to estimates, the magnitude of which is seldom reported or considered. *Correspondence: julie.granger@uconn.edu Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Perceptions and Practice of Early Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease by Parents and Physicians in a Southwestern State of Nigeria

Background Early sickle cell disease (SCD) diagnosis has shown promise in combating SCD in many countries. The aim of this study was to assess the practice and perception of early SCD diagnosis among a group of parents and physicians in Nigeria. Patients and Methods. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted to assess the opinions and practice of early diagnosis of SCD among 135 physicians caring for SCD patients and 164 mothers of children with SCD in a southwestern state of Nigeria. Results Most physicians 132 (97.8%) were aware of prenatal SCD diagnosis, but only 51 (37.8%) would recommend it. Most physicians 129 (95.6%) routinely recommend premarital SCD genetic counseling and testing, and 89 (65.1%) were aware of the national government newborn screening program but lesser proportion 75 (55.6%) were willing to recommend it. Amongst the mothers, 154 (94%) and 158 (96%) had encountered genetic counseling for SCD and were willing to offer newborn screening to their children, respectively. On the contrary, fewer mothers 42 (25%) were aware of prenatal SCD diagnosis, 28 (17%) were willing to partake in it, and 44 (26%) were undecided. There were discrepancies in the willingness by physicians to practice early SCD diagnosis and its uptake by mothers (p < 0.0001). The commonest reason given by both the physicians and mothers for not practicing SCD prenatal diagnosis was the high cost of the procedure. Conclusion The perceptions and practice of early SCD diagnosis was suboptimal in the study locality. Scaling up awareness and universal coverage are required.
The ‘‘RED versus NIR’’ Plane to Retrieve Broken-Cloud Optical Depth from Ground- Based Measurements

A new method for retrieving cloud optical depth from ground-based measurements of zenith radiance in the red (RED) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions is introduced. Because zenith radiance does not have a oneto-one relationship with optical depth, it is absolutely impossible to use a monochromatic retrieval. On the other side, algebraic combinations of spectral radiances, such as normalized difference cloud index (NDCI), while largely removing nonuniqueness and the radiative effects of cloud inhomogeneity, can result in poor retrievals due to its insensitivity to cloud fraction. Instead, both RED and NIR radiances as points on the ‘‘RED versus NIR’’ plane are proposed to be used for retrieval. The proposed retrieval method is applied to Cimel measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) site in Oklahoma. Cimel, a multichannel sun photometer, is a part of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)—a ground-based network for monitoring aerosol optical properties. The results of retrieval are compared with the ones from microwave radiometer (MWR) and multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) located next to Cimel at the ARM site. In addition, the performance of the retrieval method is assessed using a fractal model of cloud inhomogeneity and broken cloudiness. The preliminary results look very promising both theoretically and from measurements.
University of Birmingham Low frequency oscillations code speech during verbal working memory

38 The way the human brain represents speech in memory is still unknown. An obvious characteristic of 39 speech is its evolvement over time. During speech processing, neural oscillations are modulated by 40 the temporal properties of the acoustic speech signal, but also acquired knowledge on the temporal 41 structure of language influences speech perception-related brain activity. This suggests that speech 42 could be represented in the temporal domain, a form of representation that the brain also uses to 43 encode autobiographic memories. Empirical evidence for such a memory code is lacking. We 44 investigated the nature of speech memory representations using direct cortical recordings in the left 45 perisylvian cortex during delayed sentence reproduction in female and male patients undergoing 46 awake tumor surgery. Our results reveal that the brain endogenously represents speech in the 47 temporal domain. Temporal pattern similarity analyses revealed that the phase of fronto-temporal 48 low frequency oscillations, primarily in the beta range, represents sentence identity in working 49 memory. The positive relationship between beta power during working memory and task 50 performance suggests working memory representations benefit from increased phase separation. phase on interfering with the diminishes lack that in in a more compared to coding during and production.