Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herbs and Nutrients in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia, Migraine, and Obesity

Although a multitude of pharmaceutical agents are available for the treatment of mood disorders, anxiety and insomnia, many patients have difficulty tolerating the side effects, do not respond adequately, or eventually lose their response. Many therapeutic herbs and nutrients have far fewer side effects and may provide an alternative treatment or can be used to enhance the effect of prescription medications. In the article, the authors review the quality of the evidence supporting the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) for mood disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. They review data on the use of St. John’s Wort, S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM-e), B vitamins, inositol, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline for mood disorders; data on the use of kava and other herbal agents and fish extract for anxiety and insomnia; and data on valerian and melatonin for insomnia. The authors also discuss the use of CAM to treat migraines, which may be comorbid with mood and anxiety disorders, and obesity, which can occur as a side effect of psychotropic medications. They consider the data on feverfew and butterbur for migraines and on chromium picolinate and the combination of ephedrine and caffeine for obesity. The authors also review issues related to comorbid medical illness, side effects, drug interactions, dosage, and brand selection.
An unusual cutaneous presentation of cat‐scratch disease

authors have suggested complete excision of NS before puberty. However, the case of SCC reported by Hidyegi et al. is not well documented because there is no microscopic illustration in the report. According to previous reports, the most common type of tumour found was interpreted as BCC. However, Ackerman et al. reported that a major portion of these presented as a primitive follicular clustering, thus were not genuine BCC, but rather trichoblastoma. Even if trichoblastoma and syringocystadenoma papilliferum are benign tumours, it is better to surgically excise these because they usually do not regress spontaneously, and may enlarge and become more difficult to treat. In summary, this case reports, to our knowledge, the youngest patient to date to have developed secondary tumours in NS. As secondary tumours can develop in NS even in very young children, as seen in this case, persistent follow-up observation is necessary in children with NS.
Maturation of Papillomavirus Capsids

ABSTRACT The papillomavirus capsid is a nonenveloped icosahedral shell formed by the viral major structural protein, L1. It is known that disulfide bonds between neighboring L1 molecules help to stabilize the capsid. However, the kinetics of inter-L1 disulfide bond formation during particle morphogenesis have not previously been examined. We have recently described a system for producing high-titer papillomavirus-based gene transfer vectors (also known as pseudoviruses) in mammalian cells. Here we show that papillomavirus capsids produced using this system undergo a maturation process in which the formation of inter-L1 disulfide bonds drives condensation and stabilization of the capsid. Fully mature capsids exhibit improved regularity and resistance to proteolytic digestion. Although capsid maturation for other virus types has been reported to occur in seconds or minutes, papillomavirus capsid maturation requires overnight incubation. Maturation of the capsids of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 proceeds through an ordered accumulation of dimeric and trimeric L1 species, whereas the capsid of bovine papillomavirus type 1 matures into more extensively cross-linked forms. The presence of encapsidated DNA or the minor capsid protein, L2, did not have major effects on the kinetics or extent of capsid maturation. Immature capsids and capsids formed from L1 mutants with impaired disulfide bond formation are infectious but physically fragile. Consequently, capsid maturation is essential for efficient purification of papillomavirus-based gene transfer vectors. Despite their obvious morphological differences, mature and immature capsids are similarly neutralizable by various L1- and L2-specific antibodies.
Demand estimation and fleet management for autonomous mobility on demand systems

Mobility On Demand (MOD) systems are creating a paradigm shift in transportation, where mobility is provided not through personally owned vehicles but rather through a fleet of shared vehicles. To maintain a high customer quality of service (QoS), MOD systems need to manage the distribution of vehicles under spatial and temporal fluctuations in customer demand. A challenge for MOD systems is developing and informing a customer demand model. A new proactive demand model is presented which correlates real-time traffic data to predict customer demand on short timescales. Traditional traffic data collection approaches use pervasive fixed sensors which are costly for system-wide coverage. To address this, new frameworks are presented for measuring real-time traffic data using MOD vehicles as mobile sensors. The frameworks are evaluated using hardware and simulation implementations of a real-world MOD system developed for MIT campus. First, a mobile sensing framework is introduced that uses camera and Lidar sensors onboard MOD shuttles to observe system-wide traffic. Through a principled approach for decoupling dependencies between observation data and vehicle motion, the framework provides traffic rate estimates comparable to those of costly fixed sensors. Second, an active sensing framework is introduced which quantifies demand uncertainty with a Bayesian model and routes mobile sensors to reduce parameter uncertainty. The active sensing framework reduces error in demand estimates over both short and long timescales when compared to baseline approaches. Given estimates of customer demand, the challenge for MOD systems is maintaining high customer QoS through fleet management. New automated fleet management planners are introduced for improving customer QoS in ride hailing, ride requesting, and ridesharing MOD operating frameworks. The planners are evaluated using datadriven simulation of the MIT MOD system. For ride hailing, to address the challenge of missed customers, a chance-constrained planner is introduced for positioning vehicles at likely customer hailing locations. The chance-constrained planner provides a significant improvement in the number of served hailing customers over a baseline exploration approach. For ride requesting, to address the challenge of high customer wait times, a
It’s Time for Innovation in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Whether it is the result of a tragic news story, a thoughtful commentary, or a segment on the entertainment networks, patient privacy rights are never far from the top of our minds. The Privacy and Security Rules contained in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) represent a concerted effort to protect the privacy and security of the volumes of patient data generated by the health care system. However, the last twenty years has seen innovations and advancements in health information technology that were unimaginable at that time. It is time for innovation to the Privacy and Security Rules. We offer a common and relatable scenario as proof that certain Privacy and Security Rules can tie the hands of educators and innovators and need to be transformed.
A Privacy based Web Services Application for Secure Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In the today’s competitive world, necessity of fast and convenient ways of communication was increasing day by day, which significantly had influenced the computer networking field. This has led to many notable changes in the area of mobile communications and in particular when users want to share their data securely, security in the routing process has become one of the fundamental requirements of today’s routing algorithms for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Our work mainly focuses on several security challenges faced and an efficient secure scheme has been proposed, which effectively addresses the privacy related issues in any Web Services network.
Autoregulation of acetylcholine release from vagus nerve terminals through activation of muscarinic receptors in the dog trachea

1 The effects of pirenzepine and gallamine on the membrane and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells and on excitatory neuro‐effector transmission in the dog trachea were investigated by means of microelectrode, double sucrose gap and tension recording methods. 2 Pirenzepine (10−7 m) and gallamine (10−5 m) had no effect on the resting membrane potential or the input resistance of the smooth muscle cells. 3 Pirenzepine (10−10‐10−9 m) and gallamine (10−7 m) enhanced the amplitude of twitch contractions evoked by field stimulation in the combined presence of indomethacin (10−5 m) and propranolol (10−6 m). At higher concentrations pirenzepine (10−8 m) inhibited the twitch contractions in a dose‐dependent manner. Both pirenzepine and gallamine in doses over 10−7 and 10−5 m, respectively, reduced muscle tone. 4 Pirenzepine (10−10‐10−9 m) and gallamine (10−7 m) enhanced the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) evoked by field stimulation (single or repetitive stimulation). However, a high concentration of pirenzepine (10−8 m) reduced the amplitude of e.j.ps. In parallel with its action on e.j.ps, pirenzepine (over 10−9 m) reduced the response of smooth muscle cells to acetylcholine (ACh), in a dose‐dependent manner. Gallamine (5 × 10−5 m) markedly enhanced the amplitude of e.j.ps but also reduced the response of muscle cells to ACh. 5 ACh (10−10‐10−9 m) inhibited twitch contractions evoked by field stimulation, with a slight increase of resting tension. 6 Gallamine enhanced the summation of e.j.ps during repetitive field stimulation at a high frequency (20 Hz), but was without effect on the depression phenomena of e.j.ps observed during double stimulus experiments at different time intervals (5–60 s). 7 These results indicate that both pirenzepine and gallamine have dual actions on pre‐ and postjunctional muscarinic receptors in dog tracheal tissue. At low concentrations both agents potentiate excitatory neuro‐effector transmission, presumably due to enhancement of release of ACh from vagal nerve terminals through blockade of a negative auto‐regulatory process activated by endogenous ACh. At higher concentrations, these agents inhibit the response of smooth muscle cells to ACh through post‐junctional muscarinic receptors and relaxation of the muscle tissue occurs.
UPQC-S: A Novel Concept of Simultaneous Voltage Sag/Swell and Load Reactive Power Compensations Utilizing Series Inverter of UPQC

This paper introduces a new concept of optimal utilization of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). The series inverter of UPQC is controlled to perform simultaneous 1) voltage sag/swell compensation and 2) load reactive power sharing with the shunt inverter. The active power control approach is used to compensate voltage sag/swell and is integrated with theory of power angle control (PAC) of UPQC to coordinate the load reactive power between the two inverters. Since the series inverter simultaneously delivers active and reactive powers, this concept is named as UPQC-S (S for complex power). A detailed mathematical analysis, to extend the PAC approach for UPQC-S, is presented in this paper. MATLAB/SIMULINK-based simulation results are discussed to support the developed concept. Finally, the proposed concept is validated with a digital signal processor-based experimental study.
Plasma bilirubin binding and bilirubin neurotoxicity

The study of Amin et al. reminds us that we should not ignore the role of plasma bilirubin binding in the pathogenesis of acute bilirubin neurotoxicity (auditory toxicity in this study) in jaundiced newborn infants. Plasma bilirubin binding dictates how much bilirubin must accumulate in order to reach any total bilirubin concentration (TSB). For example, an infant with poor bilirubin binding must produce far more bilirubin to reach a TSB of 30mg/dL, compared to an infant with good binding, since poor binding allows more of the accumulating bilirubin to ‘leak’ into the extravascular space as the TSB increases to 30mg/dL. Consequently, the infant with poor bilirubin binding has more extravascular (brain) bilirubin and a greater risk of bilirubin neurotoxicity than the infant with good bilirubin binding. This is not new information and it seems extraordinary that Japan is the only country in the world where clinical laboratories routinely provide clinicians with bilirubin binding measurements. The absence of clinical bilirubin binding measurements stems largely from a misunderstanding of what constitutes (quantifies) bilirubin binding. This is illustrated in the design of the Amin et al. study which evaluates TSB, the plasma unbound bilirubin concentration, and the bilirubin:albumin molar ratio (BAMR) as independent measures of the risk of bilirubin neurotoxicity. This design is based on the long held and well entrenched misconception that before ‘bilirubin binding tests’ (in this study unbound bilirubin or BAMR) can be used clinically, prospective proof is needed that they have better sensitivity and specificity than TSB in predicting bilirubin neurotoxicity. The truth is that TSB, unbound bilirubin, and BAMR are not independent determinants of bilirubin neurotoxicity but are mathematically related variables quantifying bilirubin binding. Bilirubin binding is quantified by measuring (1) how much and (2) how strongly plasma can bind bilirubin. How much is generally quantified by measuring the plasma bilirubin binding capacity. Since bilirubin binds primarily to albumin, Amin et al. use the albumin concentration to estimate the bilirubin binding capacity. This assumes each albumin molecule binds a single bilirubin, which unfortunately is not the case. The albumin concentration increasingly underestimates the bilirubin binding capacity as the BAMR approaches or exceeds 1, as occurred often in this study. How strongly plasma binds bilirubin is quantified by the mass action equilibrium association binding constant (KA) or dissociation constant (1/KA). The mass action equations including the study variables, bilirubin binding capacity, and KA are:
On probability laws of solutions to differential systems driven by a fractional Brownian motion

This article investigates several properties related to densities of solutions (Xt)t∈[0,1](Xt)t∈[0,1] to differential equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H>1/4H>1/4. We first determine conditions for strict positivity of the density of XtXt. Then we obtain some exponential bounds for this density when the diffusion coefficient satisfies an elliptic type condition. Finally, still in the elliptic case, we derive some bounds on the hitting probabilities of sets by fractional differential systems in terms of Newtonian capacities.
Sperm competition games: external fertilization and "adaptive"' infertility.

We develop a model of a continuous fertilization process in which eggs and sperm are shed simultaneously, and in which the eggs are fertilized at a rate proportional to sperm density surrounding the egg mass. The model derives the ESS size and number of sperm in an ejaculate of an externally-fertilizing animal such as a fish species, in which the probability or intensity of sperm competition varies. It also predicts the ESS level of infertility (eggs remaining unfertilized after all sperm have died). Sperm size is assumed to increase sperm competitive ability (e.g. by increasing speed) and is also assumed to affect sperm longevity (either positively or negatively). Ejaculate expenditure is traded off against expenditure on obtaining further spawnings, and size and number of sperm can vary independently. The model predicts that the ESS ejaculate expenditure (product of sperm size and number) should increase, and that the ESS infertility should decrease with sperm competition intensity measured across species. Other results depend on the way that sperm size affects longevity. The available biological evidence suggests that longevity decreases with sperm size, probably because the main increase is in tail length which increases sperm energy expenditure. In this case, sperm size should increase with sperm competition intensity from an optimum at zero competition which maximizes the total distance travelled by the entire ejaculate in its lifetime, to an optimum for maximum sperm competition which maximizes the product of speed and sperm number. However, if longevity increases with sperm size, then the non-competitive optimal sperm size is greater than that for maximum competition, so that sperm size decreases with sperm competition intensity. Sperm numbers typically increase with sperm competition intensity, and always so if sperm competition is high enough, though decreases are possible over a range of low sperm competition intensity if (i) sperm longevity decreases with sperm size, and (ii) infertility is high enough.
Kinetic control of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

In order to gain a clearer understanding of the kinetic control of ATP synthesis, rat liver and rat heart mitochondria were incubated under conditions that resulted in various rates of net ATP synthesis or ATP hydrolysis. Radiolabeled phosphate was included in the incubation media, and exchange rates between phosphate and ATP were determined as a function of rates of net ATP synthesis. Since ATP synthase is a highly reversible enzyme, the catalyzed reaction was expected to approach equilibrium especially at low rates of respiration and net ATP synthesis. Thus ADP + Pi V1 in equilibrium V2 ATP. If V1 is the rate of incorporation of radiolabeled phosphate into ATP, then net ATP synthesis (or hydrolysis) is V1 - V2. Since V1 and V1 - V2 could be measured, it was possible to calculate V2. V1 doubled in the transition from zero to maximal net ATP synthesis, whereas V2 decreased by over 90% when the rate of ATP synthesis was high due to high-media ADP. In heart mitochondria at 37 degrees C when respiration increased from 104 +/- 10 to 842 +/- 51 nanoatoms of O2/(min X mg), incorporation of [33P]phosphate into ATP (V1) increased from 1,100 +/- 60 to 1,978 +/- 121 and V2 decreased from 1,100 to near zero. These data demonstrate that mitochondrial ATP synthesis does not occur near equilibrium under physiological conditions and relatively high rates of ATP synthesis. A reaction with a high ratio of forward to reverse flux is obviously not near equilibrium. The important most sensitively controlled reaction appears to be V2, ATP hydrolysis. Possible mechanisms of kinetic control of V2 are discussed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
FIRST Comparison of a Strategy Favoring Early Surgical Resection vs a Strategy Favoring Watchful Waiting in Low-Grade Gliomas

THE DIFFUSE LOW-GRADE GLIOmas (LGGs) include World Health Organization (WHO) grade II astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and oligoastrocytomas. Due to diffuse brain infiltration, LGGs are usually not considered surgically curable. In fact, the effect of surgery on survival remains unclear because current evidence relies on uncontrolled surgical series alone. Such series can be much affected by selection bias since patients with favorable outcomes may fare better regardless of treatment. For example, watchful waiting until progression has been reported safe, while others report improved survival and delayed time to malignant transformation if total resection of the tumor is achieved. Due to lack of better evidence, management of suspected LGGs has remained one of the major controversies in neurooncology and treatment strategies often differ considerably between neurosurgical centers. AuthorAffiliations:DepartmentofNeurosurgery,StOlavs UniversityHospital,Trondheim(DrsJakola,Unsgård,and Solheim);MILab(Drs JakolaandSolheim),Departments of Neuroscience (Drs Jakola and Unsgård), and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health (Dr Torp),NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology, Trondheim; Department of Pathology (Drs Myrmel and Lindal), and Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery (DrKloster),UniversityHospital ofNorthern Norway, Tromsø; and National Centre of Competence inUltrasoundand Image-GuidedSurgery,Trondheim (Drs Jakola, Unsgård, and Solheim), Norway. Corresponding Author: Asgeir Store Jakola, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, St Olavs University Hospital, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway (asgeir.s.jakola @ntnu.no). Context There are no controlled studies on surgical treatment of diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs), and management is controversial.
Long-Term Monitoring of Brain Dopamine Metabolism In Vivo with Carbon Paste Electrodes

This review focuses on the stability of voltammetric signals recorded over periods of months with carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) implanted in the brain. The key interaction underlying this stability is between the pasting oil and brain lipids that are capable of inhibiting the fouling caused by proteins. In brain regions receiving a significant dopaminergic input, a peak due to the methylated metabolites of dopamine, principally homovanillic acid (HVA), is clearly resolved using slow sweep voltammetry. Although a number of factors limit the time resolution for monitoring brain HVA concentration dynamics, the stability of CPEs allows investigations of long-term effects of drugs, as well as behavioral studies, not possible using other in-vivo monitoring techniques.
Evaluation of the mechatronic systems reliability under parametric uncertainties

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the predicted reliability of mechatronic systems, by taking into account the epistemic uncertainties. The work reported here presents a new methodology based on integrating the belief functions in the Petri net (PN) model, in order to create a belief network, and to show how to propagate the parametric uncertainties in reliability models. Some notions of uncertainty related to systems reliability are presented; subsequently a brief definition of the belief function and its application in reliability studies are given and finally its integration in PN is detailed. In order to take into account the interactive aspect of mechatronic systems, we introduce the uncertainties associated to this interaction, by implementing the new method proposed by using belief network. Secondly, we study the propagation of these interaction uncertainties in system reliability. Finally, an industrial example of an "intelligent actuator" is developed, applying the proposed methodology. Keywords— Reliability, predictive reliability, uncertainties, epistemic uncertainties, Belief Function, Petri Net (PN), mechatronics, interactions
Molecular analysis of α-synuclein gene in Parkinson's disease in North Karnataka, India.

BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling neurological disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Mutations analysis within the α-synuclein gene (SNCA) on chromosome 4 has been reported in the last decade. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the possible role of SNCA gene in the pathogenesis of PD in Indian population specifically in north Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects included 100 clinically diagnosed PD patients and 100 ethnically matched healthy controls. Isolated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from both were subjected to exon-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and amplicons were subjected to capillary-based direct DNA sequencing. RESULT No mutations were observed in SNCA gene of PD samples in comparison with control samples. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that the SNCA gene mutations might be population specific and may not be playing role in causing PD in all the populations.