Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cracking PHYRE with a World Model

The ability to reason about physics is crucial for intelligent agents to interact with the environment. However, not much progress has been made in endowing machines with such an ability [1]. We pre-sume that the lack of progress is due to the lack of an explicit world model. Inspired by the superior performance world model achieved on various benchmarks in OpenAI Gym [2], we propose to explicitly model the physical world with a novel world model, which is composed of a Perceptor (P) and an Imaginator (I). The world model is capable of per-ceiving environmental changes and predicting plausible evolution of the environment based on its perceived information. To validate the eﬀective-ness of the proposed world model, we conduct experiments on PHYRE, i.e. , a benchmark for physical reasoning, the results show that the world model is able to help an agent reason about physics.
FACTORIZATION OF LARGE COMPOSITE INTEGER

In this paper we practically deal with the problem of factorizing large integers. The various algorithms that have been proposed are not efficient that is they do not run in polynomial time. We use the algebraic approach proposed by Wanambisi et al [1]. We define a large integer based on the number of digits and seek to decompose these numbers based on place values.
Dietary Changes in the Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai , and Relationship with the Development of the Digestive Organ

The feeding habits of the Ezo abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, changed with growth. Three major changes in the feeding of H. discus hannai were identified by reviewing recent studies on the feeding habits of this species. The first change occurred at the time of the metamorphosis, namely a shift from lecithotrophy to particle feeding. In the second change, when the shell length (SL) reached values of about 0.6–0.8 mm, post-larvae were able to digest diatom diets and they grew more rapidly on efficiently digested strains. The final change consisted of a shift from a biofilm-dominated diet to a macroalgal-dominated diet. Post-larval abalone (> 1.8 mm SL) were able to utilize juvenile macroalgae efficiently. These changes in the feeding habits were closely related to ontogenetic changes in the digestive enzyme activities and the development of the radula morphology.
Conceptual Designs of 50MWe and 450MWe Supercritical CO2 Turbomachinery Trains for Power Generation from Coal. Part 1: Cycle and Turbine

Supercritical CO2 power cycles could be a more efficient alternative to steam Rankine cycles for power generation from coal. However, CO2 turbomachinery for this application has not yet been designed. This paper summarizes a scale-up of the 10MWe Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and General Electric (GE) Sunshot CO2 turbine design to the maximum size possible, nominally about 50MWe. The thermodynamic cycle and turbine design are described. This non-reheat recompression cycle can achieve >49% cycle efficiency at ISO conditions with wet cooling. Scale-up of the Sunshot turbine beyond 50MWe is limited by the availability of long, large diameter rotor forgings and requires a change to an assembled rotor design. A clean-sheet conceptual design of a 450MWe assembled turbine rotor is also presented. It appears possible to package this reheat turbine rotor into a single casing at 3600 rpm and still maintain rotordynamic stability. This reheat recompression cycle can achieve 51.9% cycle efficiency. To achieve this high efficiency, a key turbomachinery technology gap is large-diameter filmriding end seals. On the system side, efficient recovery of the flue gas thermal energy with >500C CO2 feed temperature is required to translate the high cycle efficiency into a high net plant efficiency.
Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell delivery to dilated cardiomyopathy patients: A clinical trial

The impact of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) in patients with DCM (dilated cardiomyopathy) with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was assessed. The study included five DCM patients (age group 20 - 65 years) with ejection fraction (EF) of  30%. Mononuclear cells (Mean MNC count: 9.16 x 107 and Mean CD34 positive cell count: 3.68 x 105) were infused through intracoronary injection into the patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased from 25 - 30% to 40 - 45% (approximately 500,000 CD34 + cells) in two of the patients. Conclusively, bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy has a potential to be considered a standard therapeutic entity for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy with severe LV dysfunction.
Implementation of Successful Entrepreneurial Strategies: aligning Radical Innovation and Entrepreneurial Leadership

This paper determines the challenges and failures faced in building entrepreneurial strategy for start-ups and elaborate ways to implement entrepreneurial strategy successfully. A conceptual framework is been developed, manifesting solutions by addressing uncertainty and ambiguity associated with new approaches. This will assist in formulating business models and marketing operations, identifying opportunities for creating value and making radical innovation easier in a competitive environment. Furthermore, it is been hypothesized how "forceful entrepreneurial leadership" will promote radical innovation crossing the boundaries of existing constraints of entrepreneurial strategy. A meta-analysis is generated, exhibiting the growth and earned profit for companies launching new products preferring blue ocean strategy. The findings suggest that it is essential to understand the innovation 'regime' by selecting the appropriate managerial background of skills and practices, innovation tools and techniques. It is recommended to devise a learning plan to determine key uncertainties in managing innovation and reducing unpredictability at all levels. A central conclusion is that managing high levels of uncertainty, in multiple areas, is the key to managing radical innovation. At last, business model is considered as inventive inputs to value creation and socio-economic outcomes used to take invention to market. KeywordsEntrepreneurial strategy, Entrepreneurial leadership, Radical innovation, Marketing operations, Learning plan, Blue ocean strategy
SURFACE SHIP NOISE REDUCTION

A hydrophone placed in the sea will receive a wide range of sounds generated by a variety of sources over a large sea area. These sources could be shipping, marine life, flow noise around the hydrophone, weather effects, etc., and as such are variable in nature. The noise produced by ships and submarines has to be identified from this background before underwater (UW) noise can be used as part of a detection and weapon system. The physics of sound wave propagation in the sea has been the subject of considerable study and is discussed in detail in many books and reports, including references 1 and 2. Under ideal conditions, sound waves can travel many hundreds of miles. Ideal conditions, however, seldom exist over large areas and so the path of a sound wave can be distorted and modified many times between the noise source and the receiver. Factors such as: (a) refraction of the sound waves due to thermal and pressure gradients; (b) reflections from the surface, seabed, or layer boundaries within the water; (c) different attenuations associated with various frequencies; (d) scatter due to foreign bodies in the sea; may all be relevant when considering the noise path to the receiver. The greater the length of the noise path, the more likely it is that the sound wave will be affected by at least one modifying effect. For naval surface ships, the two areas in which underwater noise is of particular interest are anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and mine countermeasures (MCM). This article describes the background to the need for UW noise reduction and some of the methods that can be used to achieve low signatures. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent official MOD policy.
A Note on Nash Equilibrium and Fixed Point Theorems Aboa Centre for Economics

We give a proof of the existence of a Nash equilibrium for n -person normal form games when each player’s utility function is continuous w.r. t. strategy profiles, and concave and differentiable w.r. t. his own strategy. The proof uses only elementary mathematical tools such as mathematical induction. We show that this equilibrium existence result is sufficiently general to imply the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem. The Kakutani Fixed Point Theorem is obtained as a corollary by using standard techniques. JEL Classification: C72
Seeing the Big Picture: Improving The Prosthetic Design Cycle Using 360° 3D Digital Image Correlation

Additive manufacturing is one of the most promising emerging technologies for building prosthetic sockets. However, there is no reliable way to estimate the factor of safety and the lifetime of 3D printed prosthetic sockets. Here, we explore 360° 3D digital image correlation (DIC) and discover how this new tool can increase our understanding of prosthetic structural failures. We establish that this new technology can dramatically improve the prosthetic design cycle by identifying local strain concentrations and by highlighting limitations in current simulated models. Overall, 360° 3D DIC technology empowers prosthetic engineers to characterize the performance of new materials and create innovative designs that are both safe and affordable.
Long‐term response of a shallow, moderately flushed lake to reduced external phosphorus and nitrogen loading

Summary 1. The responses of nutrient concentrations, plankton, macrophytes and macrozoobenthos to a reduction in external nutrient loading and to contemporary climatic change were studied in the shallow, moderately flushed Lake Muggelsee (Berlin, Germany). Weekly to biweekly data from 1979 to 2003 were compared with less frequently collected historical data. 2. A reduction of more than 50% in both total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) loading from the hypertrophic (1979–90) to the eutrophic period (1997–2003) was followed by an immediate decline in TN concentrations in the lake. TP concentrations only declined during winter and spring. During summer, phosphorus (P) release from the sediments was favoured by a drastic reduction in nitrate import. Therefore, Muggelsee acted as a net P source for 6 years after the external load reduction despite a mean water retention time of only 0.1–0.16 years. 3. Because of the likely limitation by P in spring and nitrogen (N) in summer, phytoplankton biovolume declined immediately after nutrient loading was reduced. The formerly dominant cyanobacteria (Oscillatoriales) Limnothrix redekei and Planktothrix agardhii disappeared, but the mean biovolume of the N2-fixing species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae remained constant. 4. The abundance of Daphnia spp. in summer decreased by half, while that of cyclopoid copepod species increased. Abundances of benthic macroinvertebrates (mainly chironomids) decreased by about 80%. A resource control of both phytoplankton and zooplankton is indicated by significant positive correlations between nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biovolume and between phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass. 5. Water transparency in spring increased after nutrient reduction and resulted in re-colonisation of the lake by Potamogeton pectinatus. However, this process was severely hampered by periphyton shading and grazing by waterfowl and fish. 6. Water temperatures in Muggelsee have increased in winter, early spring and summer since 1979. The earlier development of the phytoplankton spring bloom was associated with shorter periods with ice cover, while direct temperature effects were responsible for the earlier development of the daphnid maximum in spring.
Subtipos de trastorno específico del desarrollo del lenguaje: perfiles clínicos en una muestra hispanohablante

Introduction. Specific language impairment (SLI) can be viewed as a continuum with different subtypes depending on the combination of deficits and strengths in each of the components of linguistic behavior. Aim. To analyze the phenomenological profiles in a correlative series of Spanish children in order to facilitate their endophenotypic differentiation and the choice of strategies of intervention. Patients and methods. 86 referred children, aged 4 to 9 years, with a mean non-verbal inteligence quotient of 93 (range 72-114) and accomplishing clinical criteria of SLI. Apart from clinical interview and neurological examination, a protocol of questionnaires and tests was used in all subjects in order to measure their formal (phonological, syntactic, lexical) and functional (semantic and pragmatic) linguistic abilities. A cluster analysis of variables was used in order to investigate SLI subtypes. Results. In the total sample, a 24% of whole series have a pure phonological expressive disorder. 55% of subjects have mixed receptive/expressive disorders; from these, the most pervasive subtype is due to verbal agnosia (11%), but more frequently observed subtypes affect syntax reception and expression combined to difficulties in phonological programming (36%) or in lexical retrieval (8%). Furthermore, 21% of the total sample present with difficulties in pragmatic use of language even if their formal linguistic abilities and non-verbal behavior are normal. Conclusions. Our empyrical approach confirms that the admitted SLI subtypes in international literature applies to Spanish-speaking children for endophenotyping and intervention-planning purposes. [REV NEUROL 2006; 43 (Supl 1): S193-200] Key words. Anomic-syntaxic disorder. Cluster analysis. Phonological disorder. Phonological-syntaxic disorder. Pragmatic deficit disorder. Spanish speaking children. Specific language impairment. Verbal auditory agnosia. Trabajo parcialmente subvencionado por la Fundación Fuentes Dutor a la Unidad de Investigación en Neurología del Desarrollo de la Clínica Uni-versitaria de Navarra.
A NEW ROBUST FREQUENCY MISMATCH REMOVING APPROACH WITH VARIABLE STEP-SIZE ALGORITHM

Frequency mismatch (FM) usually presents in a narrowband active noise control (ANC, NANC) system where a non-acoustic sensor is employed to identify the sinusoidal frequencies based on a synchronization signal, due to the sensor aging effects, fatigue accumulation, etc. In this paper, using an effective and novel FM removing structure based on a functional link artiﬁcial neural network (FLANN) developed recently for the NANC, we propose a new variable step-size (VSS) algorithm to modify the updating terms for the difference equations. Extensive simulations are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed NANC system.
Feedback Control for a Small-Size Soccer Playing Humanoid Robot

—Given the intrinsic instability of walking humanoid robots, the design of controllers assuring robust stabilization of walking gaits is one of the most important goals. Small humanoid robots today available in RoboCup, often lack computing power: they are frequently actuated by microcontroller based position servos with limited or no feedback. As a consequence it is very difﬁcult to implement feedback control techniques on these platforms in order to guarantee stability. This paper describes a control architecture aiming at decoupling the problem of stable walking in the two relatively simpler problems of legs gait generation and upper body feedback control to guarantee dynamic stability. The presented implementation of the proposed architecture builds on the use of the GCoM point (Ground projection of the Center of Mass) that may be considered a suitable stability index only in quasi static robot states (like when kicking a ball from standing). The presented solution is particularly suited for small size robots having limited onboard computational power and limited sensor suits. The the proposed method has been validated through Matlab (cid:114) simulations and experimental tests performed on a Robovie-MS VStone’s platform. Although the performed experiments are rather preliminary, they suggest that the designed architecture is effective.
Further Evidence for the Likely Completeness of the Library of Solved Single Domain Protein Structures

The intrinsic ability of protein structures to exhibit the geometric features required for molecular function in the absence of evolution is examined in the context of three systems: the reference set of real, single domain protein structures, a library of computationally generated, compact homopolypeptides, artificial structures with protein-like secondary structural elements, and quasi-spherical random proteins packed at the same density as proteins but lacking backbone secondary structure and hydrogen bonding. Without any evolutionary selection, the library of artificial structures has similar backbone hydrogen bonding, global shape, surface to volume ratio and statistically significant structural matches to real protein global structures. Moreover, these artificial structures have native like ligand binding cavities, and a tiny subset has interfacial geometries consistent with native-like protein–protein interactions and DNA binding. In contrast, the quasi-spherical random proteins, being devoid of secondary structure, have a lower surface to volume ratio and lack ligand binding pockets and intermolecular interaction interfaces. Surprisingly, these quasi-spherical random proteins exhibit protein like distributions of virtual bond angles and almost all have a statistically significant structural match to real protein structures. This implies that it is local chain stiffness, even without backbone hydrogen bonding, and compactness that give rise to the likely completeness of the library solved single domain protein structures. These studies also suggest that the packing of secondary structural elements generates the requisite geometry for intermolecular binding. Thus, backbone hydrogen bonding plays an important role not only in protein structure but also in protein function. Such ability to bind biological molecules is an inherent feature of protein structure; if combined with appropriate protein sequences, it could provide the non-zero background probability for low-level function that evolution requires for selection to occur.
GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF VIBURNUM PLICATUM VAR. TOMENTOSUM 'MARIESII' IN PINE BARK-AMENDED SOIL

Container-grown Viburnum plicatum Thunb. var. tomentosum (Thunb.) Miq. 'Mariesii' were planted in unamended planting holes, tilled plots, and tilled plots amended with aged pine bark. A 36-day drought was initiated 108 days after planting. Amending induced N deficiencies, reduced shoot growth, and increased root growth. Plants harvested from tilled and planting-hole plots at drought initiation had 63% and 68% more dry weight, respectively, than plants from amended plots. Between 8 and 19 days after drought (DAD) initiation, plants from tilled plots maintained higher relative leaf water content (RLWC) than plants from planting holes. Plants in amended plots maintained higher RLWC than both other treatments between 7 and 33 DAD. Amended and tilled treatments had higher relative leaf expansion rates (RLERs) than the planting-hole treatment 8, 11, 13, and 15 DAD. As the drought lengthened, plants in amended plots maintained higher RLERs than plants in tilled plots. While plants in pine bark-amended plots were more drought tolerant than those in tilled plots, it is unclear if increased drought tolerance was caused by the improved rooting environment or N deficiency.
Emergence of OXA-48-Producing Escherichia coli Clone ST38 in Fowl

The bla OXA-48 gene, which encodes a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase, was first described in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Turkey ([1][1]). Escherichia coli strains producing OXA-48 were reported in several countries, especially in the Mediterranean basin region ([2][2]), including
Studies on Beauregard sweetpotato clones naturally infected with viruses

The response of clonal sweetpotato naturally infected with viruses was investigated. Analyses included yield, canopy biomass, and root colour on twelve virus infected (V + ) clones and corresponding virus-tested (V−) mericlones (clones derived from meristem-tip culture) of ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato. All V + clones tested positive for Sweet potato feathery mottle virus and some clones additionally tested positive for Sweet potato virus G (SPVG) and/or the newly identified Ipomoea vein mosaic virus (IVMV). The V− mericlones had greater marketable yields for the important US No. 1 grade in three of four plantings in comparison to their V + clonal counterparts. Comparisons within V− mericlones did not show significant yield differences, suggesting clonal variation was minimal in this randomly selected set of ‘Beauregard’ mericlones. Canopy vine weight was lower overall in two of three plantings for V + clonal variants in comparison to their V− mericlones. Skin and flesh was redder and more yellow in V− mericlones in comparison to their V + clonal counterparts, cumulatively resulting in a deeper orange tissue. Our results from mericlone comparisons suggest that clonal variation was minor on general agronomic traits of ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato and that variation in yield, canopy, and root coloration among V + clones and V− mericlones was mostly a function of virus infection.
Return to Session LARGE PROJECTS OF EHV UNDERGROUND CABLE SYSTEMS

European manufacturers had greatly contributed to the preparation of IEC 62067. Several big projects of underground cable systems up to 500 kV have now been carried out by European manufacturers throughout the world. CIGRE recommendations and later on IEC 62067, have been in all cases the customer technical requirement. This paper summarizes this experience developed by European Companies. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to describe the big projects installed by European manufacturers from 345 kV to 500 kV taken into account by CIGRE B1.06 in its work, providing data on the electrical stresses adopted for the cable, on the accessories and the installation conditions, to analyse to which extent the recommendations of CIGRE B1.06 address the issues outlined in Paper A.2. 5 of Jicable 2003.
Schistosoma mansoni and Host-Parasite Interactions

markdownabstract__Abstract__ Blood-dwelling parasitic trematodes (flatworms) of the genus Schistosoma cause the disease schistosomiasis or Bilharzia. There are 5 different Schistosoma species that infect humans and many other infecting different mammals. Over 200 million people worldwide are infected with schistosomes, mainly of the species S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum. The disease is endemic in tropical areas and endemicity is dependent on the presence of the intermediate host, an aquatic snail, in fresh surface water. There is a strong variation in epidemiology between regions and localities, depending on local determinants such as irrigation or draining canals and human sanitary conditions.
Heterogeneity and differentiation of the tree flora
in three major land uses in Guangzhou City, China

The tree flora of humid-tropical Guangzhou city in south China was studied to understand its composition and variations. Aerial photographs identified three major urban-forest types in three land uses: institutional, park and roadside. Data on 115 064 trees in 246 species were statistically analyzed. Park and roadside areas have lower species richness than institutional forest. Park habitat has re- latively more rooms for species, biomass and floral enrichment. Roadside leads in tree density with full utilization of plantable space, whereas institutional forest has the highest species density index and the most rare natives. Commonality of species amongst forests li- mits to 91 species, with park and institutional sharing 68 species, and road sharing merely 8 and 1 species respectively with institutional and park. Institutional forest has distinct composition and character, with less domination by popular species and more solitary or rare species. Native species exceed exotics at roadside; institutional and park have a reverse trend. Practical implications for urban-forest ma- nagement are discussed.