Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly Fluorescent Open-Shell NIR Dyes: The Time-Dependence of Back Electron Transfer in Triarylamine-Perchlorotriphenylmethyl Radicals

Triarylamine-perchlorotriphenylmethyl radicals (TARA-PCTM) may be viewed as open-shell mixed valence donor−acceptor compounds that exhibit strong charge-transfer (CT) bands in the visible to NIR spectral region. While open-shell molecules generally do not fluoresce at RT, we observed a surprisingly strong fluorescence from the highly polar excited CT state of the TARA-PCTM radicals in the visible and NIR spectral region. The fluorescence quantum yield is enhanced by a factor of up to 150 compared to the unsubstituted perchlorotriphenylmethyl radical. The enhancement depends on the donor strength of the TARA moiety which was tuned by small substituents (OMe, Me, Cl, CN, and NO2) attached to the phenyl groups, thus forming a series of donor−acceptor species that mainly differ by the free energy difference of the excited CT state and the ground state. The reorganization parameters of the CT process were extracted by Bixon−Jortner fits to either the absorption or the fluorescence bands. The dynamics of the no.
/7 EFFECT OF CONVECTION ON THE £' MICROSTRUCTURE OF A LAMELLAR EUTECTIC GROWING WITH A STEPPED INTERFACE

This paper describes a two-dimensional model developed to study the influence of convective flow on the concentration field ahead of a growing lamellar eutectic, when one phase projects out into the melt creating a stepped interface. The two dimensional convective flow field, which is periodic in the horizontal direction, was computed numerically using the software FLUENT. The velocity field generated due to the flow of melt over the steps was then incorporated into a finite difference scheme employed to solve the concentration field. The average interracial composition was calculated and converted to lamellar spacing using the Jackson and Hunt mini-mum supercooling criterion. It was found that a stepped interface is more sensitive to convection than a planar interface.
Flue Gas Desulfurization over Copper Oxide Loaded on Complex Carrier of Attapulgite and Activated Carbon

Sorbent of CuO loaded on complex carrier of attapulgite and activated carbon was prepared by incipient impregnation method for flue gas desulfurization. The effects of CuO loading, reaction temperature and components in flue gas on the desulfurization performance were investigated in a fixed-bed quartz reactor. The experimental results indicate that the sorbents of 20 wt% CuO loading has a high desulfurization activity under conditions of reaction temperatures 200-250 oC and 21000 h-1, and O2 is necessary for the high desulfurization activity of the sorbents.
High surface area nanoporous platinum: facile fabrication and electrocatalytic activity

In this paper, nanoporous platinum films with an enhanced surface area were obtained through a facile route by selective anodic dissolution of Cu from PtCu alloy. A homogeneous PtCu alloy was electrochemically deposited at a glassy carbon electrode at room temperature, then Cu was electrochemically etched from the PtCu alloy resulting in the fabrication of a nanoporous platinum film with a much higher surface area. The surface area of the dealloyed nanoporous platinum film was highly enhanced by up to 500 times compared with that of a polycrystalline platinum electrode. This nanoporous platinum film exhibited high stability and remarkable catalytic activity for oxygen electro-reduction and methanol electro-oxidation, with promising applications in fuel cells and biosensors, etc.
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV-2: lo que se sabe de estos coronavirus epidémicos / SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2: what is known about these epidemic coronaviruses

Objetivo: organizar la informacion disponible sobre el comportamiento de los tres coronavirus causantes de grandes epidemias mortales: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV-2. Desarrollo : la informacion se recopilo mediante una busqueda en PubMed de publicaciones en idioma ingles (90). Se utilizaron las palabras clave: “coronavirus”, “pandemic”, “SARS CoV”, “MERSCoV”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “clinical manifestations”, “fatality rate” y “diagnosis” en varias combinaciones, en articulos publicados desde 2011 hasta 2020. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV-2 son los agentes causales de grandes epidemias con altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Los tres virus tienen similitudes genomicas, clinicas y epidemiologicas; suelen manifestarse con sintomas respiratorios que pueden evolucionar desde las formas clinicas leves hasta las graves, con altas tasas de letalidad en poblaciones especificas. Conclusiones : dado que SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV-2 son coronavirus, con caracteristicas similares respecto a su genoma, comportamiento epidemiologico y manifestaciones clinicas, las medidas de contencion y el tratamiento poblacional e individual de la COVID-19 deben asumirse a partir de las experiencias de las dos primeras epidemias: el sindrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS) y el sindrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente (MERS). Palabras clave : coronavirus; epidemiologia; pandemia; MERS; SARS; COVID-19. ABSTRACT
Template Assisted Growth of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanowires and Piezoelectric Properties

In this paper, we report on the synthesis of ZnO nanowires via templated electrochemical deposition. ZnO nanowire arrays were fabricated by potentiostatic electrodeposition in track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membrane. The electrolyte was aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate precursor. The electrodeposition process involves the electroreduction of nitrate ions to alter the local pH and precipitation of the metal oxide within the pores. The morphology analysis and structure characterization of the ZnO nanowires were carried out using conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction. To check the piezoelectric characteristics of the zinc oxide nanowires, the AFM microscope is used in contact mode. The scanned area was 5µm*5µm and the affected force was 30nN. In result of scanning each nanowire with conductive AFM tip in contact mode, a current peak which had a width smaller than topography peak was fabricated. This is due to semi-conductivity and piezoelectricity characteristics of Nanowires.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Capsicum annuum L. extract

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were rapidly synthesized by treating silver ions with a Capsicum annuum L. extract. The reaction process was simple and convenient to handle, and was monitored using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). The effect of Capsicum annuum L. proteins on the formation of silver NPs was investigated using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential spectrum techniques. The morphology and crystalline phase of the NPs were determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. The results indicated that the proteins, which have amine groups, played a reducing and controlling role during the formation of silver NPs in the solutions, and that the secondary structure of the proteins changed after reaction with silver ions. The crystalline phase of the NPs changed from polycrystalline to single crystalline and increased in size with increasing reaction time. A recognition–reduction–limited nucleation and growth model was suggested to explain the possible formation mechanism of silver NPs in Capsicum annuum L. extract.
Effect of web based employee suggestion system software application on system performance: MMK Metalurji case

Over the last 10 years Employee suggestion systems (ESS) have been extensively used by industrial companies all over the world to improve their operations/business processes in. ESS increases workers’ sense of belonging and confidence, cost saving, product quality, process efficiency, new revenue, workplace safety, etc. The success of ESS depends on individual attributes of employees, organizational factors and system features like administration quality, publicity, rewarding policy, feedback and evaluation philosophy, ESS structure and many others. , MMK Metalurji ve Liman Isletmeleri A. Ş. (iron and steel producing company), started using an ESS based on suggestion boxes checked by anevaluation group in 2015 and revised its ESS to be based on a software application and a single expert evaluation in the beginning of 2018. The revised procedure also changed some system features. This study compares and discusses the performance of the previously and currently used ESS systems, focusing on the web-based software usage effect and improved system features benefiting the company. According to the collected data, the usage of the revised web-based ESS software has contributed to the drastic increase in the number of received suggestions (45 times exceeding the amount of suggestions collected using suggestion boxes; at that, the suggestions’ review and application time was decreased, the suggestion flow speed accelerated and the ESS accessibility, publicity, feedback speed etc. was improved.
The effect of shunt resistance on the electrical characteristics of Schottky barrier diodes

The electrical characteristics of Schottky barrier diodes were studied considering the effect of shunt resistance. Both the DC and the AC behaviour of the device were investigated. It was found that the shunt resistance has a remarkable effect at low bias in contrast to the series resistance which influences the electrical characteristics at large bias. The standard evaluation techniques based on the DC characteristics are found to be inaccurate in the presence of the shunt resistance. Also, the AC conductance and capacitance of the device are significantly influenced, making our previously developed model limited in the presence of a shunt resistance. The well-known conductance and capacitance techniques for the characterization of these devices seem to be inapplicable at low bias because of the above-mentioned parasitic effect.
Relationships linking satellite-retrieved ocean color data with atmospheric components in the Arctic

<p>We examined the relationships linking in-situ measurements of gas-phase methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (SA), iodic acid (HIO3), Highly Oxidized Organic Molecules (HOM) and aerosol size-distributions with satellite-derived chlorophyll (Chl-a) and oceanic primary production (PP). Atmospheric data were collected at Ny-&#197;lesund site during spring-summer 2017 (30th March-4th August). We compared ocean color data from Barents Sea and Greenland Sea with concentrations of low-volatile vapours and new particle formation. The aim is to understand the main factors controlling the concentrations of atmospheric components in the Arctic in different ocean domains and seasons. Early phytoplanktonic bloom starting in April at the marginal ice zone caused Chl-a and PP in the Barents Sea to be higher than in the Greenland Sea during spring, whereas the pattern was opposite in summer. We found the correlation between ocean color data (Chl-a and PP) and MSA decreasing from spring to summer in Barents Sea and increasing in Greenland Sea. This establishes relationship between sea ice melting and phytoplanktonic bloom, which starts by sea ice melting. Similar pattern was observed for SA. Also HIO3 in both ocean domains correlated with Chl-a and PP during spring time. Greenland Sea was more active than Barents Sea. These results suggest that marine phytoplankton metabolism is an important source of MSA and SA, as expected, but also a source of HIO3 precursors (such as I2). HOMs had low correlation with ocean color parameters in comparison to other atmospheric vapours in this study both in spring and summer. The plausible explanation for low correlation is that the primary source of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) &#8211; precursors of HOM &#8211; is the soil of Svalbard archipelago rather than ocean. During spring, nucleation mode particles were found to correlate with Chl-a at Barents Sea and with PP at Greenland Sea. This means that biogenic productivity has a strong impact on new particle formation in spring although small particles are not related to biogenic parameters in summer. </p>
Estrategias de aprendizaje automático aplicadas a videojuegos

In this final degree thesis we develop a study based on the application of different reinforcement learning techniques over classic videogames in order to test whether its performance can be equal or greater than that of a human agent. With this goal in mind, it will be necessary to develop an interface that will allow us to create independent agents capable of making decisions over certain videogame environments from the console Atari 2600 using specialised machine learning libraries. Additionally, we modeled a solution that implements a specific algorithm which we will then test over the famous Doom Classic (1993).
Structural Electrochemistry: Conductivities and Ionic Content from Rising Reduced Polypyrrole Films

Free‐standing polypyrrole films are submitted in NaCl aqueous solutions with different potentials corresponding to the swollen, closed, or reduced and rising conformational packed states, defined from the closed coulovoltammetric responses in the potential range between –1.5 and 0.65 V versus Ag/AgCl. Decreasing anion content from rising reduced and conformational packed films is detected by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The cation, Na+, is not present in the studied samples. At the closing potential, the film keeps over 30% of the counterions present in a fully oxidized film. The film reduction‐compaction process at high cathodic potentials consumes over 15% of the full redox charge, expelling a similar percentage of counterions. By using free‐standing PPy‐DBS films, the Na+ content increases for rising reduced states, but some increase of the chloride content is attained for deep oxidized and packed states. This polypyrrole blend experiences a major exchange of cations for charge balance. Some polypyrrole chains not balanced by DBS require perchlorate exchange at high anodic potentials. The continuous decrease of anion content promotes in polypyrrole films a parallel decrease of the electronic conductivities obtained in nitrogen atmosphere. Ionic content and conductivities in polypyrrole films support that the two structural reduction (shrinking and compaction) processes correspond to the same reaction: the injection of electrons and expulsion of counterions with two different kinetics imposed by two reaction‐induced 3D structures (swollen or closed and rising packed) in the film.
New Polyphenols and Triterpene from the Pseudobulbs of Pleione Formosana

Three new polyphenolic compounds including a dihydrophenanthrene, pleioanthrenin (1), two bibenzyls, pleiobibenzynin A (2) and B (3), and a new cycloartane triterpenoid, (24R)-cyclomargenyl p-coumarate (4), together with eight known compounds, were isolated from the pseudobulbs of Pleione formosana. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensively spectroscopic analysis.
EHD-Enhanced Drying with Needle Electrode

Abstract The enhancement of drying rate by corona discharge from a needle electrode has been experimentally evaluated in this study. The electrode produces corona wind, which resembles a round jet, impinges and removes moisture from the surface. Corona discharges with positive and negative polarities have been considered. The samples used are 3 and 6 mm glass beads saturated with water. Two sets of experiments have been conducted (one with the cross-flow of air and the other one without), at 1 kV increment from the corona threshold voltage until the occurrence of sparkover. For each case, a companion experiment was carried out simultaneously under the same ambient conditions but without the application of electric field. The result of which is used as a reference in the evaluation of drying enhancement using electric field. Each experiment lasted for at least 5 h. The weight loss of water as well as the ambient temperature and humidity were measured. The results are compared with those obtained with a wire electrode to determine the optimal configuration to be used in an EHD drying system.
PNIPAM microgels for biomedical applications: from dispersed particles to 3D assemblies

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel is perhaps the most well-known intelligent soft nanomaterial. Combining the strengths of hydrogel and nanoparticles, with unique stimuli-responsivity, PNIPAM microgels have found numerous biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, biosensing, and so on. Usually they were used as dispersed particles, however, they can also be used as building blocks to fabricate 2D films and 3D aggregates. These nanostructured assemblies exhibit new properties which the dispersed particles do not have, and new biomedical applications have been found for these assemblies. In this paper, the biomedical applications of PNIPAM microgels in the form of dispersed particles, 2D films and 3D aggregates were reviewed and some recent progress in this area was highlighted.
FIBRESHIP project: Engineering, production and life cycle management for the complete construction of large length fibrebased ships.

Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials are widely used in the construction of small-length vessels due to their light weight and high strength to weight ratio. However, the use of FRP materials in vessels above 50 m length is only allowed to secondary structural elements of the vessel. Hence, it is necessary to promote the creation of new regulatory frameworks to permit the construction of large-length vessels using composite laminates in all parts of the vessel structure to enable the development of this interesting technology for the reduction of weight. FIBRESHIP proposes to create a new market focused on the construction of large-length vessels based uniquely on lightweight composites. The results of this project are attracting considerable interest within the shipping industry as the extensive use of FRP materials in large-length vessels induces an important reduction of the weight with respect to the conventional steel ships. This significant weight reduction decreases the vessel bunkering consumption, increases the payload cargo capacity, and avoids the corrosion phenomena in the vessel among other identified benefits.
IMPACT OF FOREST FIRE ASH ON SURFACE CHARGE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANDISOLS

Forest fires are a common occurrence in central southern Chile where soils are mostly Andisols. The ash deposits may alter the chemical properties of the soils in the burned areas and nearby agricultural lands. In a column experiment, three Andisols found in this region were treated with 2-cm-thick ash deposit on the surface and leached with 12 pore volumes of water for 3 months. At the end of the leaching, the ash-treated and their respective control soils were sectioned, and the surface charge characteristics of each soil section were determined by electrophoretic mobility test and potentiometric titration. Chemical constituents released from the ash affected mainly the surface 0- to 5-cm section of the soils. The ash treatment and leaching caused the soil pH of the 0- to 5-cm section to increase from 2 to 3 pH units. Consequently, the negative surface charge and cation exchange capacity of affected soils both increased. The ash treatment changed the isoelectric point when the isoelectric point of respective control soil section was >3. The point of zero salt effect and the point of zero net proton charge of the ash-treated soils were increased in the 0- to 5-cm section and the influences of the ash leachates gradually diminished with soil depths. The alkaline leachates dissolved and mobilized the soil organic carbon and associated soil constituents. The effects observed on the surface charge and dissociation constants are consistent with anion and/or dissolved organic carbon adsorption. The surface dissociation constants, estimated by the constant capacitance model, showed that the ash treatment caused modifications of the active sites on the soil particles. Although ash leachates increase the cation retention capacity, the adsorption of other cations may be adversely affected by the ash deposit that is rich in Ca2+ and K+.
Laser-assisted scanning tunnelling microscope detection of a molecular adsorbate

Optical excitation has been combined with the scanning tunneling microscope and a laser-induced change in the tunneling gap width of about 0.25 A, shows a resonance effect with the electronic absorption of the sample, a monolayer of the J-aggregating dye 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine bromide on a silver substrate. The strength of the effect is reduced by spacing the J aggregate away from the silver substrate using a carboxylic acid functionalized alkylthiol self-assembled monolayer. We propose that the origin of the resonant response is the nonradiative decay of the molecular excited state into the underlying metal substrate that causes local heating and thermal expansion.
A New Spin-Functional Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Based on Magnetic Tunnel Junction Technology: Pseudo-Spin-MOSFET

We fabricated and characterized a new spin-functional metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) referred to as a pseudo-spin-MOSFET (PS-MOSFET). The PS-MOSFET is a circuit using an ordinary MOSFET and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) for reproducing functions of spin-transistors. Device integration techniques for a bottom gate MOSFET using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and for an MTJ with a full-Heusler alloy electrode and MgO tunnel barrier were developed. The fabricated PS-MOSFET exhibited high and low transconductance controlled by the magnetization configurations of the MTJ at room temperature. This is the first observation of spin-transistor operations for spin-functional MOSFETs.
Hydroxylapatite lattice preferred orientation in bone: a study of macaque, human and bovine samples

Hydroxylpatite crystallites in lamellar bone show preferred orientation. In this study, the texture (lattice preferred orientation) of the crystallites in cortical bone samples has been studied by means of synchrotron hard X-ray diffraction, performing a combined analysis with the Rietveld method to quantify fully the preferred orientation features and to obtain lattice and microstructural parameters (such as crystallite size) simultaneously. The samples were ribs from four adult female macaques of different ages, and two femurs chosen for comparison, one from a human child and one from an adult cow. The effect of the preferred orientation of the mineral component on the elastic properties is also briefly discussed. All six samples, averaging volumes of ∼0.5 mm3, show strong preferred orientation, with the hydroxylapatite c axis parallel to the bone axis. The symmetry of the texture is almost perfectly axial and clearly displays a uniform girdle of the a axis perpendicular to the bone axis. The texture strength is very similar for the four macaque rib samples, while some variation is observed in the human (weaker) and bovine (stronger) femurs. The crystallite size (8 × 30 nm) and unit-cell lattice parameters are similar in all samples. The Rietveld analysis provides for the first time a quantitative texture analysis combined with structural and microstructural hydroxylapatite analysis of the same bone samples.