Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intermittent polychemotherapy of patients with chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with associated diabetes mellitus

: Forty patients with chronic destructive tuberculosis of the lung and concomitant diabetes mellitus treated with the routine chemotherapeutic agents without any effect were subjected to intermittent polychemotherapy. Combinations of 4, 5 and 6 drugs were used. Some of them were administered intermittently. The period of the polychemotherapy ranged from 4 to 8 months and was followed by less intensive regimens. It was shown that the polychemotherapy allowed one to increase the treatment efficacy in the patients with chronic destructive tuberculosis of the lung and concomitant diabetes mellitus. Discontinuation of tubercle bacilli isolation, cavern healing and partial cavern regression were observed in 25 (63 per cent), 11 (26 per cent) and 27 (54 per cent) patients, respectively. The clinical picture did not change in 6 patients (15 per cent). Adverse reactions to the polychemotherapy developed in 17 patients (42.5 per cent). Markedly pronounced adverse reactions requiring discontinuation of the drug use in 7 (17.5 per cent) of them were recorded. Lowering a dose of the drug, applying corticosteroids, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, cerucal, lipamide, carsyl and unithiol allowed one to eliminate the adverse reactions developed.
The Archean atmosphere

What was the early atmosphere made of? We review what is known during the Archean eon, 4 to 2.5 billion years ago. The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth’s history—is important for understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies combined with models constrain atmospheric composition. They imply surface O2 levels <10−6 times present, N2 levels that were similar to today or possibly a few times lower, and CO2 and CH4 levels ranging ~10 to 2500 and 102 to 104 times modern amounts, respectively. The greenhouse gas concentrations were sufficient to offset a fainter Sun. Climate moderation by the carbon cycle suggests average surface temperatures between 0° and 40°C, consistent with occasional glaciations. Isotopic mass fractionation of atmospheric xenon through the Archean until atmospheric oxygenation is best explained by drag of xenon ions by hydrogen escaping rapidly into space. These data imply that substantial loss of hydrogen oxidized the Earth. Despite these advances, detailed understanding of the coevolving solid Earth, biosphere, and atmosphere remains elusive, however.
Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications

Abstract The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera, Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. There are three fully mycoheterotrophic species within Tropidieae: Tropidia saprophytica, T. connata and Kalimantanorchis nagamasui. A previous phylogenetic study of K. nagamasui, based only on plastid matK data, placed K. nagamasui outside the clade of Tropidia and Corymborkis without support. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses using a nuclear ribosomal DNA spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a low-copy nuclear coding gene (Xdh) and a mitochondrial intron (nad1b-c intron) to study the phylogenetic relationships within Tropidieae. We included six photosynthetic and all three fully mycoheterotrophic Tropidieae species. The resulting phylogenetic trees placed these fully mycoheterotrophic species inside the Tropidia clade with high support. In our trees, these three species do not form a monophyletic group together, because the photosynthetic T. graminea is nested amongst them. Our results also suggest that the loss of photosynthetic ability occurred at least twice in Tropidia.
The role of Northeast Pacific meltwater events in deglacial climate change

Deglacial meltwater input to the North Pacific contributed to abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate events. Columbia River megafloods occurred repeatedly during the last deglaciation, but the impacts of this fresh water on Pacific hydrography are largely unknown. To reconstruct changes in ocean circulation during this period, we used a numerical model to simulate the flow trajectory of Columbia River megafloods and compiled records of sea surface temperature, paleo-salinity, and deep-water radiocarbon from marine sediment cores in the Northeast Pacific. The North Pacific sea surface cooled and freshened during the early deglacial (19.0-16.5 ka) and Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka) intervals, coincident with the appearance of subsurface water masses depleted in radiocarbon relative to the sea surface. We infer that Pacific meltwater fluxes contributed to net Northern Hemisphere cooling prior to North Atlantic Heinrich Events, and again during the Younger Dryas stadial. Abrupt warming in the Northeast Pacific similarly contributed to hemispheric warming during the Bølling and Holocene transitions. These findings underscore the importance of changes in North Pacific freshwater fluxes and circulation in deglacial climate events.
Diabetogenic effect of gluten in Wistar albino rats: a preliminary preclinical screening

Background and aims Gluten-related disease affects less than 1% population and is not considered of relevance at the public health level. However, the consumption of a gluten-free diet has been most commonly adopted as a special diet worldwide in the recent past. In the present study, we investigated the association of gluten intake and diabetes in Wistar albino rats. Methods Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, diabetic, and test treated with pure gluten (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) after a dose of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg). Body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, postprandial blood glucose levels and histopathology of the pancreas were compared. Results Fasting blood glucose levels and postprandial blood glucose were significantly higher in diabetes animals but there were no significant changes in gluten treated groups. Other parameters were not significantly changed among different groups. Conclusions Gluten at doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg is not a diabetogenic diet and hence it needs not be excluded from diet for the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The evaluation of oxidative stress in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease driven by abnormal biomechanics and attendant cell-derived and tissue-derived factors. The disease is multifactorial and polygenic, and its progression is significantly related to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Augmented ROS generation can cause the damage of structural biomolecules of the joint and, by acting as intracellular signaling component, ROS are associated with various inflammatory responses. By activating several signaling pathways, ROS have a vital importance in the patho-physiology of OA. This review is focused on the mechanism of ROS which regulate intracellular signaling processes, chondrocyte senescence and apoptosis, extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation, along with synovial inflammation and dysfunction of the subcondral bone, targeting the complex oxidative stress signaling pathways.
Does coronary artery disease with stressed myocardial ischemia alter heart rate variability

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is independently associated with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship between HRV and myocardial ischemia still remains controversial. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the relationship between HRV and atherosclerosis of the coronary artery; and (2) to determine the relationship between HRV and the extent of coronary stenosis in patients with stressed myocardial ischemia. METHODS: Forty-six patients, 41 males and 5 females, were included in this study. Ages ranged from 50 years to 79 years. Seventeen volunteers served as the control group, which was comprised of 15 males and 2 females of ages ranging from 40 years to 74 years. For each patient a left ventriculogram and a coronary angiogram were performed. According to their coronary angiograms, patients were divided into normal coronary artery group, atherosclerotic coronary artery group and significant coronary artery disease group. An ambulatory EKG was performed on each patient and volunteer. Heart rate variability was defined as SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, and pNN50 in time domain measures; and low and high frequency in frequency domain measures. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in all variables of heart rate variability between the atherosclerotic coronary artery group and normal coronary artery group. In addition, there were no significant differences in all variables between the significant coronary artery disease group and the control group or between the significant coronary artery disease group and the normal coronary artery group. CONCLUSIONS: These studies have shown that atherosclerotic or significant coronary artery disease with stressed myocardial ischemia does not impair 24-hour heart rate variability.
A Catalytic Model of Infection for Measles

SUMMARY Catalytic epidemic models are concerned with the age distribution at attack of infectious disease. A catalytic linear infection model, in which it is assumed that the force of infection acting on an individual is a linear function of age, is developed and applied to measles. The model is fitted to measles incidence data in England and Wales for the period 1956-69. Trends in time and differences between populations in estimated parameter values are discussed. In particular, it is observed that the (estimated) mean age at attack has decreased linearly with time over that period. It is hypothesized that the introduction of large-scale vaccination programmes may alter the age distribution of attack among the remaining susceptibles.
HIV/AIDS case management: a learning experience for undergraduate nursing students.

: Case management has received national and international recognition as a method for providing comprehensive, coordinated care to clients/families with various health problems, especially HIV/AIDS. With the increase in clients infected with the AIDS virus and the needs of such clients, community health nurses will likely become their case managers since they usually seek care from the public sector. Therefore, students receiving learning experiences in community health nursing will have contact with HIV/AIDS clients and their affected families. Nurses must monitor, coordinate, and manage the care of HIV/AIDS clients within community-based settings. Case management models have been used by community health nurses who provide care to HIV/AIDS clients. In fact, senior nursing students in community health nursing at the Coppin State College Helene Fuld School of Nursing were provided learning experiences with a community health nurse case manager who had a bachelor's degree. Students had to reassess their values, beliefs, and attitudes concerning caring for HIV/AIDS clients and their affected families. Additionally, students used the nursing process and the Levine Model to provide nursing care to clients. Baccalaureate Nursing Programs must provide students with learning experiences as case managers of HIV/AIDS clients/families.
Clinico pathological presentation of carcinoma of breast at tertiary care centre in Vindhya region, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Carcinoma breast is one of the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. In present study different factors based on one year of experience at tertiary centre in India was identified. Methods: This is a prospective analysis (2013-2014) of database from all surgical units of S.S. Medical College, Rewa, India. Results: The incidence of carcinoma (Ca) of breast was 25.83%, amongst the total admitted cancer patients. Peak incidence 31.4% was in the age range 41-50 years, with the mean age of 45.2 years. 98.5% were married and multiparous, rural, illiterate belonging to low socioeconomic status. Painful Breast mass in 54.2%, axillary swelling 50%, ulcers on the lump10%, nipple discharge in 8.5% were found in the patients. Right breast involved more than left, upper outer quadrant was most commonly involved (61.4%). Most of the patients of carcinoma breast presented in stage II 32 (45.7%) followed by 23 (32.8%) in stage III, 12 (17.1%) patients presented with stage IV diseases while only three (4.2%) patients in stage I disease. 70% patients underwent surgical management. Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) was the most frequently performed operative procedure contributing for 37 (75.51%) cases followed by simple mastectomy in 16.32% cases. In Histopathology examination, infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common type of carcinoma accounting for 80.7% patients. 71.42% patients received chemotherapy. Conclusions: Finally it is concluded from this study that Ca of breast is a most common malignancy of breast in females in India. Most patients present in the late stage of disease due to inadequate education, lack of awareness of the diseases, its complications and hesitancy to report a doctor early. The main treatment of Ca of breast is surgery and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to prevention of local or regional recurrence and metastasis that occur in the course of disease.
Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Blood Cultures and Susceptibility Testing of Isolates With Various Antibiotics

Background: Blood infections are an extensive range of disorders that can vary from limited bacteremia to fatal septicemia. Bac- teremia refers to the transient presence of a bacterium in the bloodstream. A delay in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis can cause mortality, with a 20% - 50% prevalence rate. Objectives: Due to the changing patterns of antibiotic resistance, as well as dierences in patterns over time in dierent settings, we decided to identify infectious agents and their antibiotic resistance patterns in blood cultures. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Shahid Beheshti hospital, Hamadan, Iran, during a one-year period (March 21, 2014, to March 22, 2015). From patients with suspected bloodstream infections, 5-10 mL of blood was collected three times and inoculated into culture bottles. After identifying the types of microorganisms, susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI standards, and the results were analyzed with statistical software. Results: In the present study, 2,130 blood cultures were obtained from 710 patients (384 females and 326 males). Of these cultures, 232 (18.9%) were positive; 107 (46%) and 125 (54%) were from females and males, respectively. Most of the positive cultures were re- lated to the internal medicine and hematology wards, which had 132 cases (56.9%), and the ICU, with 37 cases (16%). The most frequent isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus, with prevalence rates of 18.2%, 24.1%, 10.3%, and 10.3%, respectively. The most eective antibiotic against Gram-positive isolates was van- comycin. Conclusions: This study revealed that the most eective antibiotics against two Gram-negative and Gram-positive groups were amikacin and norfloxacin, so it is recommended that these antibiotics be used empirically, at least in the setting where this study was conducted, before performing the culturing and antibiogram process.
Role of ROTEM in hemostatic management during adult cardiac surgery

Background: Coagulopathy after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Routine conventional coagulation tests are not always suitable to detect rapid changes in patient's coagulation status. A point-of-care instrument such as ROTEM (rotational thromboelastometry) is a timely and comprehensive method to evaluate hemostasis during cardiac surgery may reduce the need for blood transfusion. Objectives: In this study, ROTEMwas compared to coagulation tests routinely performed during cardiac surgery for postoperative bleeding volume and consumption of blood products. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures were enrolled. Blood was obtained before the operation and after CPB weaning. Twenty-five of patients were checked only by traditional blood coagulation test and 25 other patients were checked by ROTEM in addition to routine coagulation tests. The results of these two groups of patients were compared. Results: There was a significant correlation between platelet count (PLT) and fibrinogen level with EXTEM-MCF (r = 0.79, P value: 0.008, r = 0.55, P value: 0.04 respectively). EXTEM-CT was correlated with prothrombin time (PT) (r = 0.56, P value: 0.01) and International normalized Ratio (INR) (r = 0.57, P value: 0.01). There was a significant correlation between PLT count and fibrinogen level with INTEM-MCF (r = 0.69, P value: 0.02, r = 0.71, P value: 0.01, respectively). INTEM-CT was correlated with partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (r = 0.57, P value: 0.02). There was a significant correlation between FIBTEM-MCF and fibrinogen level (r = 0.80, P value: 0.001). HEPTEM was not correlated with any of the coagulation variables. Postoperative consumption of packed blood cell (BPC) was increased in non-ROTEM group in comparison with ROTEM group (645.17 ± 279.16 in Non-ROTEM vs. 387.50 ± 262.88 in ROTEM, P: 0.03) Conclusions: ROTEM can be used to detect postoperative hemostatic changes following cardiac surgery appropriately and can be useful to choose suitable blood products that may reduce the need for blood transfusion, contributing to better patient blood management.
Evaluation and implementation of a system to eliminate arbitrary load effects in current-based monitoring of induction machines

This paper presents a method for removing the load effects from the monitored quantity of the machine. Fault conditions in induction machines cause the magnetic field in the air gap of the machine to be nonuniform. This results in harmonics in the stator current of the motor which can be measured in order to determine the health of the motor. However, variations in the load torque which are not related to the health of the machine typically have exactly the same effect on the load current. Previously presented schemes for current-based condition monitoring ignore the load effect or assume it is known. Therefore, a scheme for determining machine health in the presence of a varying load torque requires some method for separating the two effects. This is accomplished by comparing the actual stator current to a model reference value which includes the load effects. The difference between these two signals provides a filtered quantity, independent of variations of the load, that allows continuous on-line condition monitoring to be conducted without concern for the load condition. Simulation and test results illustrate the effects on the spectrum of the monitored quantity for both constant and eccentric air gaps when in the presence of an oscillating load.
[Changes in the T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with severe eye burns].

: The paper analyses results of clinico-immunologic examinations of patients with severe eye burns. Immunologic investigations were made on a laser cytofluorometer "SPECTRUM II" (USA) using monoclonal antibodies OCT-3, OCT-4, OCT-8, OCT-11. Correlation between changes of the level of T-lymphocytes subpopulation and the severity and outcome of the trauma was established and prognostic significance of immunoregulatory index OCT-4/OCT-8 proved. The necessity of selective aimed immunocorrection is substantiated.
Drug-induced deaths in Southern Spain: profiles and associated characteristics

Abstract Background: This study aimed to (1) describe drug-induced deaths (DIDs) in Southern Spain (Andalusia) in terms of substances involved, sociodemographic characteristics, and circumstances of death, and (2) identify profiles by substances involved and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and circumstances of death. Methods: Observational study of 398 deceased in 2010/2011 in Andalusia suspected of DIDs. Medical examiner diagnoses considered the scene of death, regulatory forensic autopsy, histopathological studies, and toxic-chemical analyses. Latent Class Analysis was applied. Results: The final sample included 360 people diagnosed with DIDs. The mean age was 39.7 and 87.2% were male. The most frequent substances involved were methadone, benzodiazepines, cocaine, and opiates. Two or more substances were involved in 86.7% of deaths. Four profiles were identified: methadone-benzodiazepines, cocaine, benzodiazepines-cocaine-methadone-opiates, and benzodiazepines-alcohol. The methadone-benzodiazepines and benzodiazepines-cocainemethadone-opiates profiles included 62.5% of the deceased. A larger number of drugs were involved in the benzodiazepines-cocainemethadone-opiates profile and a larger percentage of cocaine deaths occurred in the weekend. Conclusions: The results of this study are in agreement with the trend to increasing involvement of prescription drugs in DIDs detected in other European countries and the United States. The heterogeneity detected suggests that preventive measures must be adjusted to the various DID profiles.
Current Discoveries and Management of Psammomatous Melanotic Schwannoma

Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma is a rare form of schwannoma that is distinct in terms of presentation, location, and nature compared to other types. This tumor is highly associated with Carney complex, but has also been seen in the neurofibromatosis syndromes. Although discovered over 80 years ago, official management guidelines have not been established. The following review comprises the current understanding of this rare tumor including genetic associations, presentation, imaging, pathology, prognosis, and management.