Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate Segmentation of Tumorous Regions in High-Grade Glioma Employing a Multi-parametric (ADC/PWI/T2-W) Image Fusion Approach

Purpose : Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) brain tumor is heterogeneous in nature; so, its quantification depends on how to accurately segment different parts of the tumor, i.e. active tumor, edema and necrosis. This procedure becomes more effective when physiological information like diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted-imaging (PWI) are incorporated with the anatomical MRI. In this preliminary tumor quantification work, the idea is to characterize different regions of the GBM tumors in an MRI-based multi-parametric approach to achieve more accurate characterization of pathological regions, which cannot be obtained by using individual modalities. Methods : For this purpose, three MR sequences, namely T2-weighted imaging (anatomical MR imaging), PWI and DWI of five GBM patients were acquired. To enhance the delineation of the boundaries of each pathological region (peri-tumoral edema, tumor and necrosis), the spatial fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is combined with the region growing (RG) method. Results : The results show that exploiting the multi-parametric approach along with the proposed segmentation method can improve characterization of tumor cells, edema and necrosis in comparison to mono-parametric imaging approach. Conclusion : The proposed MRI-based multi-parametric segmentation approach has the potential to accurately segment tumorous regions, leading to an efficient design of the treatment planning, e.g. in radiotherapy.
Capacity and Policy Change in Managing Human African Trypanosomiasis in Endemic Rural Districts of Eastern Zambia

Background: Capacity to diagnose Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) by health centres in endemic areas has remained an important challenge in public health. There is poor diagnostic capacity of zoonoses in Subsaharan Africa including Zambia. Laboratories in rural areas lack the capacity to manage most emerging and re-emerging diseases. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate and compare capacities relative to the management of HAT at rural health centres (RHCs) in tsetse infested Chama and Mambwe districts of Eastern Zambia. Materials and Methods: Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from 110 health personnel drawn from 23 RHCs in a cross sectional comparative study undertaken between April and July 2013. Stata/SE version 11.0 was used to analyze collected data Results: The study reviewed missed opportunities to detect HAT compared to malaria cases between Chama and Mambwe districts (P=0.027). Staff from both districts had preference to detect fever related conditions rather than HAT as reviewed in the direction of most Government and private support (P=0.007). Staff from Chama district were less likely to miss HAT cases compared to their Mambwe counterparts (P<0.001) due to previous reported cases. Conclusion: RHCs lack the capacity to manage HAT as compared to other priority conditions which direct critical review of HAT management and health priorities
Diversité des programmes de dépistage du cancer du sein dans les différents pays

11 La Lettre du Sénologue n° 29 juillet/août/septembre 2005 e dépistage du cancer du sein est réalisé différemment selon les pays en fonction de leur système de santé, des prises en charge financières et de leur culture. On peut distinguer les pays qui ont mis en place des programmes de dépistage organisé dans les différents continents (Asie, Europe, Océanie, Canada) et ceux qui proposent un service fondé sur des recommandations présentées par plusieurs organismes nationaux (États-Unis, Amérique Latine). Nous ne parlerons pas des pays qui ne présentent pas de facilités pour le dépistage (Afrique du Sud) ou dont les donnés sont insuffisantes (Moyen-Orient). Les différents essais qui ont débuté, en particulier aux États-Unis en 1963 (1), aux Pays-Bas (1974), en Suède (1976) (2), au Royaume-Uni (1979) et au Canada (1980), ont montré que le dépistage organisé du cancer du sein pouvait conduire à une réduction de mortalité liée à cette maladie. C’est à la suite de cette démonstration que de nombreux pays ont débuté à la fin des années 1980 des expériences de dépistage organisé de cancer du sein (Finlande, France*, Islande, Irlande, Italie, Grèce, Belgique) et au cours des années 1990 (Australie, Israël, Luxembourg, Autriche, Danemark, Norvège, Portugal, Espagne, Suisse, Allemagne, Hongrie, Japon, Uruguay). Selon les pays, on observe une progression plus ou moins rapide dans les procédures de mise en place d’un dépistage organisé : depuis le projet pilote, en passant par le programme régional, avant d’atteindre une extension nationale. Ces étapes ne sont pas présentes dans tous les pays, mais elles ont eu l’avantage d’aider au choix de la méthodologie de dépistage la plus appropriée aux caractéristiques du pays, en particulier le choix d’un système centralisé, décentralisé ou mixte tout en conservant le même bénéfice. Nous insisterons plus particulièrement dans ce chapitre sur les expériences européennes qui ont davantage contribué à notre réflexion pour l’élaboration du programme français.
Measuring Safety of Care

In the1990s, a number of prevalence studies measuring adverse incidents were carried out in the USA and Australia. The studies gave a snapshot of the prevalence of adverse incidents, which was estimated to be 4% and 17% respectively. Since then, prevalence studies have been carried out in a number of European countries as well, generally finding prevalence rates around 10% (de Vries et al., 2008). The differences in findings reflect differences in the methodological approach used in the studies. This type of study can provide a snapshot of safety of care, typically based on knowledge from review of patients’ charts a highly laborious task, which is generally only performed once. Continuous, systematic monitoring of the frequency and nature of safety of care incidents is hardly ever performed. Patient safety initiatives have been launched in a number of countries, mostly focusing on problem identification, learning and improveABSTRACT
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FIVE SOUTH INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGENS

The antimicrobial activity of leaves of five South Indian medicinal plants Adhatoda vasika, Bacopa monnieri, Carica papaya, Cissampelos pareira and Cynodon dactylon , collected from regions of Kulathoor and Malayadi were investigated against ten clinical pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp.) using agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method. The plant extracts were prepared using the solvents – acetone, ethanol and propanol. It is clear from the results that, the extract of five plants used in this study acts as a good source of antibiotics against various bacterial pathogens tested and exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids in all plants selected and other secondary metabolites like tannins, glycosides and saponins were also observed in all the extracts. The MIC values ranges between 3. 175μg/ml and 12. 5μg/ml, whereas MBC values ranges between 6. 25μg/ml and 12. 5μg/ml. The results of this study support the use of all the selected five medicinal plants to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals that address unmet therapeutic needs.
Pictorial review of breast cancers : Fusion imaging between readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging and 3T-DCE-MRI with 16 Channels Breast Coils.

Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-0950 / Pictorial review of breast cancers : Fusion imaging between readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging and 3T-DCE-MRI with 16 Channels Breast Coils. " by: "H. Horikoshi1, M. Kobayashi1, A. Okayama1, T. Akiyoshi1, N. Oya1, K. Maruyama2; 1Ota/JP, 2Tokyo/JP"
Advanced heart failure management and selection for advanced therapies

Advancements in the field of heart failure have significantly improved both mortality and the quality of life of millions. However, heart failure generally remains a chronic disease with an insidious progression to organ failure despite optimal medical treatment. Early consideration of advanced therapies such as mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation in advanced heart failure is essential. The purpose of this chapter is to assist the reader in the identification of patients with advanced heart failure that have not yet developed irreversible end-organ dysfunction, as interventions in this narrow therapeutic window results in improved post-surgical outcomes.
A cognitive-behavioural group intervention for chronic pain patients

Catastrophizing and inadequate coping strategies are associated with the development and maintenance of chronic pain. These can be targeted in a structured cognitive-behavioural group intervention. Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of a 6-session structured cognitive-behavioural group intervention for chronic pain patients. Study group: Participants were 27 chronic pain patients of the Pain Center of the University Medical Center Groningen. Methods: An uncontrolled pilot study. Results: Results demonstrated that this cognitive-behavioural group intervention leads to positive change in catastrophizing and locus of control. Conclusions: It is concluded that a structured cognitive-behavioural group intervention of short duration is a much promising treatment for patients with chronic pain at relatively lows costs. The present results can be seen as an indication that a psychological approach has potential as a useful intervention for chronic pain patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
RIVAROXABAN FOR PREVENTION OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AFTER TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT: IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE COSTS BASED ON THE RECORD1 STUDY

Rivaroxaban is a novel, oral, once-daily, direct Factor Xa inhibitor in advanced development for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study analysed the potential economic benefit attributable to the use of oral rivaroxaban relative to subcutaneous enoxaparin for extended VTE prophylaxis (35±4 days) after total hip replacement (THR). In RECORD1, rivaroxaban reduced the incidence of the composite primary efficacy endpoint (total VTE, including all-cause mortality) by 70%, compared with enoxaparin (p Potential savings associated with oral rivaroxaban were based on any reduction in the incidence of symptomatic VTE events, and reduced administration and monitoring costs. Analyses for both the US and the UK included only non-drug costs incurred by the healthcare sector. It was assumed that nurses spent 3 minutes/day administering enoxaparin and training patients to self-inject; assumed duration of hospital stay was 5 days. UK costs (based on the 2007 NICE Guidelines) also included full blood counts (FBCs) every 3 days, for up to 14 days, in patients receiving enoxaparin. Two analyses were performed: one assumed no difference in the occurrence of symptomatic VTE between treatments; the other assumed that the observed difference was real, but did not reach statistical significance. In the first analysis, assuming no difference in symptomatic VTE incidence, the total resource cost in the US was $46/patient for enoxaparin and $42.5/patient for rivaroxaban: a saving of $3.5/patient. For the UK, the total resource cost was £33/patient for enoxaparin and £7.5/per patient for rivaroxaban: a saving of £25.5/ patient. Savings were driven by reduced monitoring (FBCs) and administration costs. In the second analysis, assuming the observed difference in symptomatic VTE incidence was real, the US total resource cost was $57/patient for enoxaparin and $42.5/patient for rivaroxaban: a saving of $14.5/patient. For the UK, the total resource cost was £30/patients for enoxaparin and £7.5/patient for rivaroxaban: a saving of £22.5/patient. Savings were again driven by reduced monitoring and administration costs, and also reduced VTE incidence. Over 400,000 US patients undergo THR, and ~60,000 patients in England and Wales undergo THR annually. Thus, the potential cumulative cost savings with rivaroxaban are considerable.
Rett syndrome and anaesthetic management: a case report

Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder that occurs only in females and it manifests with mental retardation, seizures, movement disorders, autistic behavior, and abnormal breathing. A 4.5-year-old female child with Rett syndome underwent dental restoration under sedoanalgesia. Her physical examination was normal except for sterotyped movements. We recommend that anesthesiologists should have knowledge about this disorderâ€™s characteristics, complications, potential associated problems, and important aspects of anesthetic drug selection.
Examination of psychosocial and neuropsychological characteristics of young adults with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

3 Acknowledgements.5 List of Tables . 10 Introduction.11 Method . 27 Participants.27 Procedure . 30 Initial Screening . 30 Parent Mailings . 31 Laboratory Session.31 Measures – Study 1.32 Demographic Questionnaire . 32 Personal Health History Questionnaire.33 Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition . 33 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test . 34 Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales . 34 Wender Utah Rating Scale.35 Consent for Future Contact.36
Abstract 1234: Galeterone-induced degradation of the androgen receptor involves inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes

Galeterone is a highly selective oral small molecule drug candidate that disrupts androgen receptor (AR) signaling through degradation of the AR, is a potent CYP17 lyase inhibitor, and possesses AR antagonist activity. Galeterone-induced AR degradation was observed in models having either full-length AR or known constitutively active truncated forms of the AR receptor that lack the ligand binding domain (LBD), AR-V7 and AR567es, suggesting the LBD of the AR is not required for galeterone-dependent AR degradation. Further, galeterone-induced AR degradation activity is blocked by co-administration of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Along these lines, galeterone-induced AR degradation can be blocked by selective knock-down of the E3 ligases, Mdm2 and CHIP. We utilized a series of biochemical and cell-based in vitro methodologies to further elucidate and characterize additional signaling molecules participating in the proteasomal-dependent mechanism of galeterone-induced AR degradation. We screened a panel of 22 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in vitro and demonstrated that galeterone selectively inhibited enzymatic activity of two of the DUBs, USP12 and USP46. Separately, we used surface plasmon resonance to demonstrate a dose-dependent direct binding of galeterone to each of USP12 and USP46, alone or when pre-complexed with UAF1. USP12 is a co-activator of the AR, and selective knock-down of this DUB has been shown to increase AR degradation. USP12/USP46 have also been linked to regulation of phosphatases (PHLPPs) through ubiquitination. PHLPPs dephosphorylate AKT, providing an important regulatory mechanism for controlling the PI3K/AKT pathway. It is known that galeterone induces an increase in pAKT and pMdm2, the latter being a substrate of activated AKT. This suggests that inhibition of USP12/USP46 may regulate pAKT levels through enhanced degradation of PHLPPs via increased ubiquitination. These data support a differentiating mechanism of galeterone from other AR targeting agents whereby inhibition of USP12/USP46 leads to enhanced AR degradation. Citation Format: Daniel T. Dransfield, Nivedita Namdev, Douglas B. Jacoby, Karen Ferrante. Galeterone-induced degradation of the androgen receptor involves inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1234.
Computed tomographic imaging of the brain of normal neonatal foals Tomografía computarizada del cerebro en potrillos neonatos

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to provide a more complete description of normal cross-sectional anatomy of the neonatal brain of the foal and associated structures by computed tomography (CT) and gross anatomical sections. Using a fourth-generation CT scanner, 2-mm contiguous transverse images were acquired from two neonatal 5-days-old Quarter horse foals. After the study the animals were euthanised for reasons unrelated to head pathology. To assist in the accurate identification of brain and associated structures, transverse CT images were obtained and compared with the corresponding frozen cross-sections of the head. CT images matched well with their corresponding transverse gross sections and provided good differentiation between the bones and the soft tissues of the head. These CT images are intended to be a useful initial anatomic reference in the interpretation for clinical CT imaging studies of the brain and associated structures in live neonatal foals.
Surgical Approaches to Symptomatic Arteriovenous Fistula Aneurysms: a Single-Center Experience -

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) created for hemodialysis accesses are prone to aneurysmal degeneration. Arteriovenous fistula aneurysms may lead to pain, aesthetic problems, infection, bleeding, and fistula thrombosis. The aim of this study is to report our surgical approaches and outcomes of AVF aneurysms. Medical records of a total of 21 patients (9 males, 12 females) with an AVF aneurysm who underwent surgery at Karabuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery between January 2013 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age was 59.7±13.5 years. Aneurysmectomy was performed on eight patients, while partial aneurysmectomy and polytetrafluoroethylene graft interposition were carried out in four patients. Three patients underwent aneurysmorrhaphy, whereas six patients underwent thrombectomy + aneurysmorrhaphy to the aneurysmatic segment. All patients were discharged without any event at the postoperative second day. They were scheduled for follow-up visits and assessed by Doppler ultrasound. Currently, surgical repair is the gold standard in the treatment of AVF aneurysms. Based on our experience, we recommend surgical interventions for selected patients to maintain AVF continuation.
Four Tips to Manage Cognitive Overload

OGNITIVE OVERLOAD IS something we have all experienced in a learning setting. It occurs when working memory (WM), which has a limited storage capacity, becomes full. The learner is unable to take in more information and becomes frustrated, and, ultimately, learning is hampered. The capacity of WM is a function of prior knowledge and experience. Thus, a novice learner will reach cognitive overload long before an expert will. This can result in problems for the novice when an expert designs or delivers instruction. The purpose of this article is to present four techniques that can be used to manage cognitive overload in an instructional setting.
Neuroprotection: A Valuable Goal in Glaucoma Management?

Glaucoma is characterized by an accelerated loss of retinal ganglion cells, as a result of damage to optic nerve axons. One factor involved in the disease process is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and this is the current focus of therapies. However, up to 45% of patients experience glaucoma progression despite good IOP control and partly as a result, the treatment principle of direct neuroprotection has been developed, which consists of treating optic nerve degeneration in glaucoma independently of IOP lowering. Animal models have shown the potential of this approach but there are limited clinical trial data. Brimonidine and memantine currently show promise, in terms of efficacy and side effects, among the compounds entering clinical trials. Brimonidine has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect independent of IOP lowering in humans with glaucoma, and data from a large clinical trial are being analyzed. Memantine has shown neuroprotective effects in animal models of glaucoma, and data from a clinical trial in humans are awaited.
Finding the Genes Responsible for Early Stage of Alzaheimer

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is one form of dementia in old age. Alzheimer’s disease is among the incurable diseases which usually show its symptoms in the seventh decade of human life. The disease may be present in the body for years without the incidence of the symptoms. Considering many research studies on this disease, the cause of Alzheimer’s disease is still unknown. Alzheimer’s disease occurs hereditary or accidentally in old people. Objectives: Based on the importance of Alzheimer’s disease and lack of a cure (definitive treatment) for this disease, we decided to use Data mining method to identify the hidden patterns in effective genes causing the incidence of this disease. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, we identified the genes with altered expressions in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. In this research, we identified genes with an increase and decrease in gene expression in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and then presented the important sequences found in each gene of this disease as Alzheimer’s biomarkers. Microarray libraries related to Alzheimer’s disease were used and finally, we weighted the data using 10 data mining methods. Results: The sequences gain a weight more than 0.5 in at least two of the weighting algorithms, would be chosen as the most important sequenses.our work shows that TGCCCC; AGCCTG; GAATAT, AATTG; And AAATTG are the most important sequences since these sequences have been chosen as the most important sequences in 8 repetition of weithening algorithms Conclusions: The results of this thesis are consistent with the results obtained from the previous researches and confirm the previous assumptions. The important effect of beta amyloid and ET PAZ and Kinase and microglobulin genes in Alzheimer’s disease is validated in the previous researches too.
Can Food Allergy Be Prevented? The Current Evidence

the increase in food allergy is best described for peanut allergy (PA). 2,7,8 Although genetic factors are important in the development of food allergy, 9 the increase in food allergy has occurred in a short period and is therefore unlikely to be the result of germline genetic changes alone. It seems plausible that 1 or more environmental exposure(s), or lack of exposure(s), may through epigenetic changes result in the interruption of the default immunologic state of tolerance to food. Strategies aimed at the prevention of food allergy are therefore required: primary prevention strategies seek to prevent the onset of IgE sensitization; secondary prevention seeks to interrupt the development of food allergy in IgE-sensitized children; and tertiary prevention seeks to reduce the expression of end-organ allergic disease in children with established food allergy. This article highlights important conclusions of the many reviews in this field and adds to current evidence.