Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bad bars: A review of risk factors

Bars, inns, taverns, and hotels have been popular settings for recreational alcohol consumption for centuries. The bar is firmly established as an important adjunct of leisure in many societies. Alcohol consumption in bars is mainly convivial, restrained and problem‐free. Even so it has long been apparent that heavy drinking in bars is associated with aggression, violence, public disorder and injuries. This paper examines published empirical evidence related to the possibility that problematic behaviours are associated with identifiable characteristics of a bar. It is concluded that evidence suggests that a number of factors are associated with elevated risks that a bar will be a focus for problematic behaviour. These risk factors are considered under the following main headings: internal physical characteristics and atmosphere (e.g. layout, crowding), organizational factors (e.g. beverage promotions, entertainment), patron characteristics (e.g. gender, age), beverage choice and external characteristics (e.g. location, density). It is concluded that the type of evidence presented here should be taken into account when reviewing licensing arrangements, designing bars and planning the location, type and density of bars in any locality where such establishments are situated.
Acupuncture at the Back-Pain-Acupoints for Chronic Low Back Pain of Peacekeepers in Lebanon: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Acupuncture has long been employed for the treatment of chronic low back pain [CLBP]. The aim of this randomized, controlled study was to validate back-pain-acupoints acupuncture for relieving CLBP compared with standard acupuncture and usual care. Methods In total, 236 patients with CLBP participated in this study. Eligible patients were randomized to back-pain-acupoints acupuncture, standard acupuncture, or usual care groups. Fourteen treatments were provided over four weeks. Back-related dysfunction and symptom severity were assessed by Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ] and visual analog scale [VAS] scores. Repeated-measures analysis of variance [ANOVA] was employed for factorial analyses. Results The back-pain-acupoints acupuncture group improved by RMDQ scores and VAS scores [P < 0.001 for both] compared with the usual care group. The standardized acupuncture group also improved by RMDQ scores and VAS scores [P < 0.001 for both] compared with the usual care group. The back-pain-acupoints group improved by RMDQ scores [four weeks, P < 0.05; 24 weeks, P < 0.001] and VAS scores [P < 0.05 for both] compared with the standardized group. Across the three testing points, significant differences were found in the RMDQ and VAS scores between the usual care group and both treatment groups [P < 0.001]. A significant difference was found between the back-pain-acupoints and standardized acupuncture groups in repeated-measures ANOVA [P < 0.05]. Conclusion Both acupuncture groups have beneficial and persistent effectiveness against CLBP compared with the usual care group. Back-pain-acupoints acupuncture is significantly more effective than standardized acupuncture.
Is Spectral Lighting Environment Necessary for Photorealistic Rendering?

In conventional IBL, a 3-band RGB camera is used for measuring the lighting environment of a scene. Unfortunately, however, the spectral resolution of 3-band cameras is low, and therefore we cannot prevent the occurrence of so-called metamerism in general. Specifically, when two light sources with different spectral distributions are observed by using a 3-band camera, the apparent RGB values of those light sources could be the same. It is also shown that spectral rendering is of critical importance for subsurface scattering, dispersion, and volumetric effects [Wilkie et al. 2014].
1A. Definition and Classification

Since the last Research Conference and the pub­ lication of the report of the Panel on Definition and Classification,'' no new information has been in­ troduced to require or encourage changes in the statement. The terminology has enjoyed wide ac­ ceptance and use. Acceptance of terms or their defi­ nitions is voluntary and depends on many factors, such as the user's native language and customs and the relevance of the terms to his or her uses. It is not the Panel's purpose to force usages, but rather to suggest terms to improve clinical and scientific com­ munication. It is incumbent upon every author or speaker to define his or her own terms when com­ municating with colleagues. The terms and defini­ tions represent compromises by the Panel to encour­ age communication in the field.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone for Bronchiolitis (Original Articles)

Background: Bronchiolitis, the most common infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants, is a leading cause of hospitalization in childhood. Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat bronchiolitis, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial comparing a single dose of oral dexamethasone (1 mg per kilogram of body weight) with placebo in 600 children (age range, 2 to 12 months) with a first episode of wheezing diagnosed in the emergency department as moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis (defined by a Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument score greater/equal 6). We enrolled patients at 20 emergency departments during the months of November through April over a 3-year period. The primary outcome was hospital admission after 4 hours of emergency department observation. The secondary outcome was the Respiratory Assessment Change Score (RACS). We also evaluated later outcomes: length of hospital stay, later medical visits or admissions, and adverse events. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. The admission rate was 39.7% for children assigned to dexamethasone, as compared with 41.0% for those assigned to placebo (absolute difference, -1.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -9.2 to 6.5). Both groups had respiratory improvement during observation; the mean 4-hour RACS was -5.3 for dexamethasone, as compared with -4.8 for placebo (absolute difference, -0.5; 95% CI, -1.3 to 0.3). Multivariate adjustment did not significantly alter the results, nor were differences detected in later outcomes.
Design and implementation of the asthma treat smart system in a pediatric institution

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, affecting an estimated 7 million children (9.4%) in the United States. Asthma care is complex and dynamic requiring temporal, multi-faceted, and coordinated care. The purpose of the Asthma Treat Smart (ATS) application was to help providers provide evidence-based, guideline-compliant care to patients presenting to the pulmonary clinic for treatment of asthma. The application guides the providers through collecting the necessary information to classify the patient’s severity and control and suggests appropriate medications according to the classification, age, and guidelines. The application helps to improve patient safety, healthcare provider training, and improves the quality of care patients receive by helping to align their chronic asthma care with national guidelines.
Decomposition and aggregation of large-dimensional Markov chains in discrete time

Motivated by a wide range of applications arising from stochastic networks (such as communication networks and/or manufacturing systems), this work focuses on a class of large-scale Markov chains in discrete time. In accordance with the rates of change of different states, we formulate the problem as a singularly perturbed Markov chain by introducing a small parameter /spl epsiv/>0. Under simple conditions, we show that aggregated process converges weakly to a Markov chain. In addition, we examine scaled and unscaled occupation measures and obtain their asymptotic properties.
THE TRAUMA OF ULTRASOUND DURING A PREGNANCY FOLLOWING PERINATAL LOSS

ABSTRACT This article explores how grief and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are relived during the ultrasound examination following perinatal loss. The research and testimonials of both mothers and fathers show how it is imperative that health care providers consider PTSD symptoms a normal phenomenon under these circumstances. Moreover, it is critical that parents be prepared for memories to resurface during this time. Staying in the present while being mindful of past trauma helps the focus remain on the current pregnancy and lessens the risk of PTSD. Author Note Joann O'Leary has a doctorate in family education with a minor in spirituality and health, a master's in maternal child health from the University of Minnesota, and a master's in psychology from Queens University in Belfast, Northern Ireland. She has worked with families for 30 years, as a parent-infant mental health specialist within a high-risk perinatal center for 18 years, and as a special education infant teacher. She is an adjunct faculty member in the School of Nursing at the University of Minnesota, does consulting in the area of prenatal parenting, and facilitates a support group for families pregnant after the loss of a previous baby.
Experiences with physiotherapists’ consultation: Results of a feasibility study

Ongoing developments in physiotherapy practice make it impossible for general practitioners (GPs) to remain adequately informed of the indications for physiotherapeutic intervention. To improve the quality of care, physiotherapists should be consulted if GPs are uncertain of the indications for physiotherapy. We conducted a feasibility study as part of a larger project on the effects of the consultation of physiotherapists in primary health care. The overall objective of the study was to establish whether consultations of physiotherapists by GPs would influence the number of referrals made by GPs to medical specialists and physiotherapists in either a qualitative or quantitative way. The aim of the smaller feasibility study was to assess the consultation procedure between 14 GPs and 8 physiotherapists. The data were collected using questionnaires and registration forms. On average, the GPs requested one consultation every 2 weeks (total referrals = 93, range 1–30; mean referral rate= 12 per 1000 patients).
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Body mass index (BMI) dynamics in vietnam

Objective: To provide an overview of dynamic shifts in body mass index (BMI) and nutritional status patterns of the Vietnamese population from 1992 to 2002. Design: Nationally representative, cross-sectional surveys. Setting and subjects: Secondary data obtained from The Living Standard Survey in 1992 (24 068 individuals) and the National Health Survey in 2002 (158 019 individuals). Methods: Nutrition status was defined by comparing measured BMI, grouped for under- and overweight with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 BMI growth charts for the 2–17 year-olds and the World Health Organization 1995 cutoff points for the 18–65 year-olds. Results: Over the 1992 and 2002 period, minimal changes were observed in the prevalence of overweight (from 1.4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.0–1.8) to 1.8% (1.6–2.0)) and underweight (from 32.1% (30.4–33.7) to 33.5% (32.8–34.1)) among 2–17 year-olds. In contrast, among 18–65 year-olds, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased (from 2.0% (1.5–2.4) to 5.2% (5.0–5.4)) and underweight declined (from 32.6% (31.2–33.9) to 24.8% (24.3–25.3)). Urban residents experienced larger reductions in underweight and increases in overweight than rural residents. Analyses of BMI levels for the 15th, 50th and 85th percentiles, by age, revealed a trend of increasing BMI that was higher among adults, females and urban residents. Conclusion: Although underweight remains the main concern, overweight is an emerging problem in Vietnam. Early prevention is needed to prevent overweight from causing undesirable effects on health and economic in the transitional period. Sponsorship: Vietnam Educational Foundation (VEF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01-HD30880 and R01HD38700).
Caracterización nutricional de niños con errores innatos del metabolismo de proteínas, en una consulta privada de nutrición en Bogotá, Colombia Nutritional status of children with inborn errors of protein metabolism in a private nutritional practice in Bogotá, Colombia

Little is known about the nutritional consequences of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) without neonatal diagnosis in Colombia. The aim of our study was to describe the nutritional characteristics of individuals with IEM who attended a nutritional private practice in Bogota, Colombia, and to evaluate whether this status is consequence of the disease or other social or demographic variables. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design, in which anthropometrical measurements were taken along with a diet analysis and the recollection of social and demographic variables. A sample of 22 individuals was gathered: Forty five % women, 36% infants, 59% resided in an urban area and 77% had a low socioeconomic status (SES). More than 40% had an adequate nutritional status and 45% suffered growth retardation; no differences were found according to gender, area of residence, SES nor age group. Nearly 90% had adequate treatment adherence, fulfilling their nutritional requirements according to age, disease and limiting amino acids. The only difference found in dietary intake was among age groups, in which the intake per kg of weight decrease as the individual got older. We concluded that the main nutritional outcome in patients with IEM was growth retardation and it can be attributed to the disease rather than other social or demographic variables.
PRO-ANGIOGENIC AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC FACTORS IN THE DEGRADATION OF OSTEOARTHRITIC CARTILAGE

This project has determined angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in osteoarthritis cartilage. The work has expanded our knowledge and understanding of the importance of anti-angiogenic factors in maintaining cartilage homeostasis. This study also tested the concept of topical application of anti-angiogenic treatment strategy for osteoarthritis.
Çeşitli Klinik Örneklerden İzole Edilen Acinetobacter spp. Suşlarının Antibiyotik Direnç Durumunun Belirlenmesi

Acinetobacter spp. infeksiyonlarinin tedavisinde kullanilan antibiyotiklere karsi giderek artan direnc tum dunyada oldugu gibi ulkemizde de onemli bir saglik sorunudur. Bu calisma Erbaa Devlet Hastanesi’nde cesitli poliklinik ve servislerden gonderilen kultur orneklerinden izole edilen Acinetobacter spp. suslarinin antimikrobiyal direnc profilinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Ocak 2010 ve Aralik 2013 tarihleri arasinda Erbaa Devlet Hastanesi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarina cesitli poliklinik ve servislerden gonderilen kultur ornekleri retrospektif olarak arastirilmistir. 15.125 kultur ornegi (idrar, balgam, yara, vucut sivisi ve kulak kulturu) incelenmis, izole edilen 90 Acinetobacter spp. susu calismaya dahil edilmistir. Laboratuvarimiza gonderilen kultur orneklerinin ekimi Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) ve %5 koyun kanli agara yapilmistir. Bakteri identifikasyonu konvansiyonel yontemlerle (Gram boyama, oksidaz testi, glukoz, laktoz fermentasyonu, ure testi, indol testi, sitrat, hareket ozelligi, vs.) belirlenen suslarin antibiyotik duyarlilik testi, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) onerileri dikkate alinarak Kirby-Bauer disk difuzyon yontemi ile saptanmistir. Izole edilen 90 Acinetobacter spp. susunun %74’u idrar, %21’i yara, %5’i balgam kultur orneginden izole edilmistir. Kliniklere gore suslarin dagilimina bakildiginda en sik uroloji poliklinigi (%23) ve cocuk hastaliklari polikliniginden (%20) gonderilen orneklerden izole edilmistir. Antibiyotiklere direnc oranlarina bakildiginda, gentamisine %27, amikasine %20, sefotaksime %46, seftazidime %22, sefepime %17, piperasilin-tazobaktama %10, siprofloksasine %34, levofloksasine %18 oraninda direnc saptanmistir. Imipenem ve meropeneme karsi direnc tespit edilmemistir. Calismamizda en yuksek direnc oranlari sefotaksim ve siprofloksasine karsi saptanmistir. Bakteriyel direnc oranlari merkezlere gore farklilik gosterdiginden merkezlerin kendi enfeksiyon kontrol programlarini olusturmalari, direnc gelisiminin kisitlanmasi acisindan onemlidir.
Correction

NEUROSCIENCE, CHEMISTRY Correction for “Inhibition of brain tumor growth by intravenous poly(β-L-malic) acid nanobioconjugate with pH-dependent drug release,” by Hui Ding, Satoshi Inoue, Alexander V. Ljubimov, Rameshwar Patil, Jose Portilla-Arias, Jinwei Hu, Bindu Konda, Kolja A. Wawrowsky, Manabu Fujita, Natalya Karabalin, Takako Sasaki, Keith L. Black, Eggehard Holler, and Julia Y. Ljubimova, which appeared in issue 42, October 19, 2010, ofProc Natl Acad Sci USA (107:18143–18148; first published October 4, 2010; 10.1073/ pnas.1003919107). The authors note that the manuscript title “Inhibition of brain tumor growth by intravenous poly(β-L-malic) acid nanobioconjugate with pH-dependent drug release” should instead appear as “Inhibition of brain tumor growth by intravenous poly(β-Lmalic acid) nanobioconjugate with pH-dependent drug release. ” Additionally, on page 18143, right column, third full paragraph, first sentence, the phrase “poly(β-L-malic) acid” should appear as “poly(β-L-malic acid). ” The article initially appeared online with the incorrect title and phrase and has since been corrected.
Animal Assisted Therapy in a Special Needs Dental Practice: An Interprofessional Model for Anxiety Reduction

Purpose : Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) suffer from poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease that may predispose them to systemic diseases. In order to receive dental care, the assistance of a certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) is often needed. The role of the CRNA is to provide sedation to reduce the high level of anxiety demonstrated by many individuals with intellectual disabilities in the dental suite. However, this can become a challenge with patients that are anxious when they arrive. The purpose of this paper is to describe an interprofessional dental team that added a certified therapy dog and handler to reduce anxiety of individuals with IDD when they arrive in the dental suite. Methods : A convenience sample of 30 individuals with intellectual disability seen for dental care in an outpatient setting met with a therapy dog prior to receiving preventative dental care. Comparisons were made between observed anxiety levels and behaviors measured by the ADAMS (anxiety scale) and a researcher-developed behavior tool prior to and after the interaction with the therapy dog. Results : This program suggested that the addition of the therapy dog to the interprofessional team prior to sedation decreased anxiety levels and improved the behavioral outcomes of the individual with intellectual disabilities. Conclusions : The incorporation of a certified therapy dog and handler as part of an interprofessional healthcare team in the dental suite may pay great dividends in improving the compliance and comfort of the individual with intellectual and developmental disabilities during dental care visits.
The influence of comorbid anxiety disorders on outcome in major depressive disorder

Coexisting anxiety symptoms and comorbid anxiety disorders are common in patients with major depressive disorder. This review examines three aspects of the relationship between major depressive disorder and comorbid anxiety disorders: whether the comorbid condition is more severe than “pure” major depression; whether the comorbid condition is associated with worse clinical outcomes than are seen in major depressive disorder alone; and whether the response to antidepressant treatment differs between depressed patients with or without comorbid anxiety disorders. Although not all evidence is consistent, in general terms, the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with major depressive disorder is associated with greater severity of symptoms and more pronounced impairment. The course of illness is less favorable in patients with the comorbid condition, and relatively fewer depressed patients respond to antidepressant treatment and achieve remission of symptoms if affected by comorbid anxiety disorders. There is a need for randomized placebo-controlled studies specifically in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders, in order to determine whether this patient group differs from those with “pure” major depression in its responsiveness to pharmacological or psychological interventions.
Letter to the editor

Dear Editor, I read the article by Jamshidian et al. on placebo and perception with interest. I find the article informative but feel two important clarifications are necessary; one is related to the consistency between their directed acyclic graph in Figure 1 and the text, and the other is related to the placebo effect being measured through non-treatment arms. The authors provide the causal relationships in the directed acyclic graph (DAG) in their figure 1, reproduced here as Figure 1(a). The strong assumption in Figure 1(a) is that perception (P) affects the outcome (Y) but there is no effect of Y on P. This is consistent with the author’s second assumption that treatment and perception are independent of the outcome conditional on W. However, on page 10, the authors give two possible explanations for the fact that 40% of the estimated treatment effect disappears when they account for perception in the model. First, that perception is the mechanism through which the effect worked (i.e. A causes P causes Y if subjects are not blinded). The second is that treatment-related side effects are an indication or proxy that the drug is efficacious. However, the DAG in Figure 1(a) is incompatible with this latter explanation and to be clear, the authors should have drawn the appropriate DAG (Figure 1(b)). According to the described study, P may be measured before or after the outcome, and a participant’s perception may change depending on the outcome. The perception before the participant knows the outcome (P1) can only be affected by exposure either directly or through side effects (SE). To be consistent with the text, I have included an arrow from SE to Y directly and through P1. That said, perceptions are measured after the outcome is known. Therefore, perceptions before Y occurs (P1) may be different than perceptions after Y occurs (P2), i.e. a patient who feels no benefit may believe they had the placebo, as the authors propose in the fourth sentence of their introduction. In Figure 1(b), I have also included an arrow from SE to P2 because the effect of SE would depend on when they occurred relative to when perceptions were measured. Because the authors only have a combined measure of P1 and P2 (P*, omitted in Figure 1(b) for clarity), their analyses include conditioning on an effect of the outcome, which means all of the analyses are biased for determining the effect of A on Y even if W were known. However, if they had measures for P1 and P2, then they could obtain the total causal effect of A on Y, as well as controlled direct effects (Type I direct effects). A similar DAG could be drawn for adherence-related issues. We encourage investigators interested in these questions to consider perceptions and adherence as time-dependent