Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The potential role of turbulence in modulating the migration of demersal zooplankton

Despite suggestions that turbulence can affect the migration of zooplankton, field observations of such effects are scarce. This is especially the case for bottom‐associated (demersal) zooplankton that reside in the typically turbulent near‐bottom environment. Using moored sensors deployed at two coastal sites in the North Pacific and the Red Sea, we present observations of the effects of turbulence on the nocturnal emergence of demersal zooplankton. A cabled observatory consisting of a plankton camera, an acoustic current profiler and environmental sensors, was deployed near bottom in 20 m of water near Oshima Island, Japan. Observations were also obtained from a second site near a coral reef in 16 m of water in the Red Sea. Acoustic backscatter data obtained from current profilers at both sites provided a proxy for zooplankton density. Combined with simultaneous estimates of turbulence intensity, the observations suggest that the nocturnal emergence of demersal zooplankton was hindered by elevated levels of turbulence. While our findings are inferred from acoustic data, agreement between the two different sites supports our hypothesis that demersal zooplankton may remain near the bed during times of strong turbulence.
mRNP Granule Proteins Fmrp and Dcp1a Differentially Regulate Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence via Reciprocally Regulating mRNP Complexes

Nainita Roy Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine Malini Pillai Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine Farah Patell-Socha Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine Swetha Sundar Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology CSIR Sravya Ganesh Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine Ajoy Aloysius National Centre for Biological Sciences Mohammed Rumman Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine Hardik Paresh Gala Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine Simon Meredith Hughes King's College London Peter Zammit King's College London Jyotsna Dhawan (  jdhawan@ccmb.res.in ) inStem: Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-71177418
Atomistic simulations of diffusion mechanisms in stoichiometric Ni3Al

The first molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of diffusion mechanisms in ordered stoichiometric Ni3Al with the Finnis–Sinclair interatomic potential is reported in this paper. Results show that Ni atoms mainly diffuse through Ni sublattices via the vacancy mechanism; Al atoms diffuse via both the antistructure bridge and the intrasublattice mechanism. Molecular statics (MS) simulations are carried out to estimate the migration energy barriers for the elementary jumps and the different diffusion mechanisms with both the ‘embedded atom method’ and Finnis–Sinclair interatomic potentials. It is proven that the six-jump cycle mechanism is not energetically favourable because of the high migration energy. Thus, MD and MS simulations yield the same results on the diffusion mechanism in stoichiometric Ni3Al. Ni diffusion mechanisms obtained in this work agree with experimental results and theoretical calculation.
A KINETIC APPROACH TO THE DESCRIPTION OF SOIL PHOSPHATE STATUS

Summary A kinetic factor is used to describe soil phosphate status. It is supplementary to capacity and intensity factors which are essentially static factors. The rate of release of phosphate ions from the soil solid phase was measured by the use of an anion exchange resin and a numerical parameter assigned to the release rate. A highly significant correlation was found between this parameter and the uptake of phosphate by ryegrass from a wide range of soils.
Prediction of Leidenfrost Temperature in Spray Cooling for Continuous Casting and Heat Treatment Processes

Spray cooling of hot steel surfaces is an inherent part of continuous casting and heat treatment. When we consider the temperature interval between room temperature and for instance 1000 °C, different boiling regimes can be observed. Spray cooling intensity rapidly changes with the surface temperature. Secondary cooling in continuous casting starts when the surface temperature is well above a thousand degrees Celsius and a film boiling regime can be observed. The cooled surface is protected from the direct impact of droplets by the vapour layer. As the surface temperature decreases, the vapour layer is less stable and for certain temperatures the vapour layer collapses, droplets reach the hot surface and heat flux suddenly jumps enormously. It is obvious that the described effect has a great effect on control of cooling. The surface temperature which indicates the sudden change in the cooling intensity is the Leidenfrost temperature. The Leidenfrost temperature in spray cooling can occur anywhere between 150 °C and over 1000 °C and depends on the character of the spray. This paper presents an experimental study and shows function for prediction of the Leidenfrost temperature based on spray parameters. Water impingement density was found to be the most important parameter. This parameter must be combined with information about droplet size and velocity to produce a good prediction of the Leidenfrost temperature.
High-intensity Interval Training Enhances Hypoxia-mediated Right Cardiac Mechanics in Sedentary Men

Purpose: Hypoxic exposure increases right ventricular (RV) afterload by triggering pulmonary hypertension, with consequent effects on the structure and function of the right ventricle. Improved myocardial contractility is a critical circulatory adaptation to exercise training. However, the types of exercise that enhance right cardiac mechanics during hypoxic stress have not yet been identified. This study investigated how high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) influence right cardiac mechanics during hypoxic exercise (HE). Methods: A total of 54 young and healthy sedentary males were randomly selected to engage in either HIIT (3-min intervals at 40% and 80% of VO2max, n = 18) or MICT (sustained 60% of VO2max, n = 18) for 30 min/day and 5 days/week for 6 weeks or were included in a control group (CTL, n = 18) that did not engage in any exercise. Right cardiac mechanics during semiupright bicycle exercise tests under hypoxic conditions (i.e., 50 watts under 12% FIO2 for 3 min) were measured using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Results: After 6 weeks of training, HIIT was superior to MICT in improving VO2max. Furthermore, the HIIT group showed reduced pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) as well as an elevated RV ejection fraction (RVEF) under hypoxia, coupled with a significant enhancement of the right atrial (RA) reservoir and conduit functions. HIIT is superior to MICT in dilating the right ventricle and ameliorating radial strain rate but reducing radial strain in either systole or diastole. In the correlation analysis, the changes in RVEF were directly associated with improved RA reservoir and conduit functions but inversely associated with the change in radial RV strain caused by HIIT. Conclusion: HIIT is superior to MICT in improving right cardiac mechanics by simultaneously increasing RA reservoir and conduit functions and decreasing PVR during HE.
Obesity and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Implication of The Apelinergic System.

Obese subjects present higher risk of developing mammary tumors, worse disease free survival and altered response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The circulating levels of the apelin adipokines are increased in obese subjects and are associated with poorer prognosis in cancer patients. In this study, we showed that obesity and tumoral apelin expression are two factors associated with incomplete response to NAC in breast cancer patients.
Lie identities and images of Lie polynomials for the skew-symmetric elements of UTm

ABSTRACT Let UT m be the algebra of all m × m upper triangular matrices over a field whose characteristic is different from 2. Given an involution * of the first kind on UT m , we will obtain the minimal integer t such that the Lie polynomial [[z 1, z 2], …, [z 2t−1, z 2t ]] is an identity for . Afterwards, under a mild technical restriction on , we will describe all multilinear Lie polynomials whose image evaluated on K(m, *) is the space formed by all strictly upper triangular matrices of K(m, *).
Evaluation of chemical composition, trace element content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Verbascum pseudoholotrichum

Abstract Given that some Verbascum species are effective against influenza viruses, an endemic species, Verbascum pseudoholotrichum is thought to have the potential to be used in the treatment of virucidal diseases. It was extensively investigated for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, chemical and trace element composition. The soxhlet extraction method was applied in the extraction process of the above-ground parts of the plant using three solvents (methanol, ethanol and water). The total phenolic content of extracts was between 175.7 and 186.1 mg GAE/100 g on the dried weight basis. DPPH radical scavenging activity analysis was performed and IC50 values were 0.539–1.254 mg mL−1. In total, 38 compounds were detected by GC–MS analysis. ICP-MS analysis was applied to identify the total contents of 24 elements in dried samples. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated on six different pathogens using the spectrophotometric microdilution technique. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration values were 17.37 µ–113.9 µg mL−1 at the end of the 24-h incubation. The highest and lowest inhibition zones were 5.0 and 0.3 mm for ethanol extract against Bacillus subtilis and water extract against Enterococcus fecalis, respectively, and no resistance was seen against Escherichia coli using disc diffusion method.
A Rare Case of an Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch Aneurysm with an Aberrant Right Common Carotid Artery and a Proximal Descending Aortic Ectasia

Ascending aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic and are usually discovered as an incidental finding on chest imaging. However, larger aneurysms can present with symptoms resulting from compression of surrounding structures including the trachea, bronchi, and the esophagus which can result in hoarseness, cough chest pain or back pain. The presence of an aortic arch anomaly, specifically an aberrant right common carotid artery, in a background of an aortic arch aneurysm is extremely rare with a worldwide incidence of < 1%. They are usually asymptomatic but can result to catastrophic life-threatening events and pose significant challenges to surgical or endovascular treatment. This is a case of a 63-year-old Filipino male who presented with a sudden onset of dull back pain radiating to the left anterior chest. Workup revealed an ascending and aortic arch aneurysm with an aberrant right common carotid artery arising directly from the transverse aorta. Surgical aortic arch debranching was done to repair the aberrant vessels prior to Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) wherein a custom-made Thoracic Valiant graft was deployed on the aneurysm. The patient was discharged on the 4th day after TEVAR without any complaints of dyspnea, back pain nor chest pain with no neurologic and visceral organ dysfunction. This case has emphasized that knowledge on the anatomy of the aortic arch is imperative in planning out thoracic surgery and endovascular interventions especially on rare anatomic anomalies such as seen in this case.
Chaotic Systems with Hyperbolic Sine Nonlinearity

In recent years, exploring and investigating chaotic systems with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity has gained the interest of many researchers. With two back-to-back diodes to approximate the hyperbolic sine nonlinearity, these chaotic systems can achieve simplicity of the electrical circuit without any multiplier or sub-circuits. In this chapter, the genesis of chaotic systems with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity is introduced, followed by the general method of generating nth-order (n > 3) chaotic systems. Then some derived chaotic systems/torus-chaotic system with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity is discussed. Finally, the applications such as random number generator algorithm, spread spectrum communication and image encryption schemes are introduced. The contribution of this chapter is that it systematically summarizes the design methods, the dynamic behavior and typical engineering applications of chaotic systems with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity, which may widen the current knowledge of chaos theory and engineering applications based on chaotic systems.
Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction

Enzymatic uranium reduction by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans readily removed uranium from solution in a batch system or when D. desufuricans was separated from the bulk of the uranium-containing water by a semipermeable membrane. Uranium reduction continued at concentrations as high as 24 mM. Of a variety of potentially inhibiting anions and metals evaluated, only high concentrations of copper inhibited uranium reduction
Water signal suppression by T2‐relaxation enhancement promoted by Dy(III) complexes

A novel method for water signal suppression in 1H NMR spectra is proposed for biological systems. It is based on the acquisition of a spin–echo spectrum in the presence of Dy(III) complexes, which cause a marked decrease of the water proton T2 through the modulation of ΔωM (chemical shift difference between the bulk and coordinated water resonance) by τM (time associated with the exchange between the two sites).
Local regions of high-pressure plasma in a vacuum spark

The formation of local regions of the high-temperature, high-pressure plasma, 'hot-spots', in a vacuum spark is studied using X-ray spectroscopy and holography. Measurements of the dimensions of the hot-spots, of the absolute flux of radiation and of the spectral composition of the X-ray emission, have been analysed to give order-of-magnitude values for the local electron density, temperature and plasma lifetime. It appears that the plasma pressure is >or approximately=107 atm and that the formation of the hot spots requires intense heating rates more commonly associated with focused laser beams, i.e. >or approximately=1015 W cm-3. It is probable that in the vacuum spark electron beams are responsible for plasma heating. Possible mechanisms for concentrating energy deposition in localised regions are discussed.
Simple nanoindentation-based method for determining linear thermal expansion coefficients of micro-scale materials

The thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is a vital design parameter for reducing the thermal-stress-induced structural failure of electronic chips/devices. At the micro- and nano-scale, the typical size range of the components in chips/devices, the CTEs are probably different from that of the bulk materials, but an easy and accurate measurement method is still lacking. In this paper, we present a simple but effective method for determining linear CTEs of micro-scale materials only using the prevalent nanoindentation system equipped with a heating stage for precise temperature control. By holding a constant force on the sample surface, while heating the sample at a constant rate, we measure two height–temperature curves at two positions, respectively, which are close to each other but at different heights. The linear CTE is obtained by analyzing the difference of height change during heating. This method can be applied to study the size effect or surface effect of CTE of embedded micro-scale structures, aiding the failure analysis and structural design in the semiconductor industry.
A Hierarchical Janus Nanofibrous Membrane Combining Direct Osteogenesis and Osteoimmunomodulatory Functions for Advanced Bone Regeneration

An ideal guided bone regeneration membrane (GBRM) is expected not only to perform barrier function, but also to enhance osteogenesis and resist bacteria infection. However, currently available membranes have limited bioactivities. To address this challenge, a Janus GBRM (JGM) is designed and fabricated by sequential fractional electrospinning here. The random gelatin fibers loaded with hydroxyapatite (HAP) are designed as the inner face to promote the osteoblasts’ adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, meanwhile the aligned poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers loaded with poly(methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride‐co‐2‐Aminoethyl 2‐methylacrylate hydrochloride) (P(DMC‐AMA)) are designed as the outer layer to resist epithelia invasion and bacterial infection. In vitro assays reveal that the inner face displays enhanced osteogenic effects, meanwhile the outer surface can regulate the epithelia to spread along the aligned direction and kill the contacted bacteria. Interestingly, the outer face can induce macrophages to polarize toward the M2 phenotype, thus manipulating a favorable osteoimmune environment. These results suggest that the JGM simultaneously meets the critical requirements of barrier, osteogenic, antibacterial, and osteoimmunomodulatory functions. Consequently, the JGM shows better in vivo bone tissue regeneration performance than the commercial Bio‐Gide membrane. This work provides a novel platform to design multi‐functional membranes/scaffolds, displaying great potential applications in tissue engineering.
Optimization of spark-ignition engine characteristics fuelled with oxygenated bio-additive (triacetin) using response surface methodology

Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has gained wide interest in recent years. However, despite the countless benefits, the enormous generation of glycerol-waste and higher production costs have been causing severe challenges to both the environment and the biodiesel economy’s survival. With the focus on maintaining its sustainability, the proper valorization of the crude glycerol is of vital importance. The objective of the present study is to harness and transform glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel) to triacetin and utilize it further as a fuel additive for spark ignition (SI) engine. Triacetin is a valuable compound of bio-based origin, having good anti-knock properties and higher oxygen content. Test fuels containing different blends of gasoline, methanol and triacetin were prepared and compared with neat gasoline. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based multi-objective technique was selected to optimize the engine output parameters like BTE, CO, CO2, HC and NOx emissions. The results indicate that the engine operating at 1.17 kW brake power and containing 90.73% gasoline, 4.94% methanol and 4.31% triacetin (by vol.) were found to be the optimum input parameter combinations which shows maximum BTE and lowest engine exhaust emissions as compared to other fuel blends. The estimated economic analysis of small-scale plants was also carried out, revealing that about 4.2% of revenue per kg of triacetin selling can be generated by running biodiesel and triacetin production analogously. Among various alternatives probed, the acetylation of glycerol to triacetin appears to be the ideal solution. It can serve the multiple purposes of reducing vehicular emission and improving the economic viability of burgeoning biodiesel industries and creating new opportunities, livelihoods, and jobs for humanity.
Correctional Intake Assessment and Case Planning: Application Development and Validation

The Intake Assessment (IA) process in the Canadian federal correctional system results in an individualized treatment and supervision plan throughout the sentence. Two components, Static and Dynamic Factors Assessment, were examined to determine whether a streamlined version could be tailored for a hand-held mobile application and remain reliable and valid for correctional planning purposes. An Information Management System database was used to identify all first releases from federal custody over a 2-year period who had IA data available (N = 6,946). Analyses revealed statistically significant relationships and AUCs (area under receiver operating characteristic curves) for both the Static and Dynamic Factors components of IA with respect to reincarceration. Additional analyses revealed that the strongest predictors for returns to federal custody were criminal history as a youth or adult, substance misuse, and unemployment. A combined Static and Dynamic Factors score also yielded a simplified, robust, and incremental predictor of reincarceration for both men and women.
Efficiency of perlite as a low cost adsorbent applied to removal of Pb and Cd from paint industry effluent

Among the major environmental concerns worldwide is release of heavy metals in the environment. Different studies have demonstrated that natural volcanic glass has high capacity in removal of divalent heavy metal ions. Perlite is a volcanic rock with high porosity and specific surface area which costs much lower in comparison with the other adsorbents. In this study, the removal of lead and cadmium from Binalood paint industry (Kerman, Iran) effluent by perlite is investigated in batch conditions. Lead and cadmium measurements are carried out with atomic absorption spectrophotometeric methods adapted from standard methods applied to the examination of water and wastewaters. In this regard, the effect of pH, dosage and contact time is also determined and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are obtained. Results show that adsorption process follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The maximum obtained removal efficiency at pH = 7 are close to 100% and 97.7% for lead and cadmium, respectively. These efficiencies are achieved in 10 g/l perlite and recommended contact time is 1.5 h. Finally, perlite is recommended as a low cost and accessible adsorbent to remove lead and cadmium from municipal and industrial wastewaters.
Rational Herding in Reward-Based Crowdfunding: An MTurk Experiment

Crowdfunding is gaining popularity as a way of financing social sustainable initiatives. We performed a controlled economic experiment in MTurk by simulating a crowdfunding platform and developed a theoretical model that rationalizes herding behavior. The experiment was designed to test and quantify the causal effects of revealing specific information to prospective backers: (i) the number of early contributors already financing the project and (ii) positive opinions of other backers versus those of experts. The results show that early contributions to the campaign and positive opinions of peers act as a reinforcing signal to potential backers and affect backers’ beliefs about the probability of success, increasing contributions to the campaign. Furthermore, we show that herding is rational and set expectations on when we should observe rational herding and when not. The theoretical model captures the rational herding, which may be the main information aggregation path in reward-based crowdfunding platforms, and can help managers increase the likelihood of success in crowdfunding campaigns.
BiSbTe‐Based Nanocomposites with High ZT: The Effect of SiC Nanodispersion on Thermoelectric Properties

Thermoelectric materials have potential applications in energy harvesting and electronic cooling devices, and bismuth antimony telluride (BiSbTe) alloys are the state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric materials that have been widely used for several decades. It is demonstrated that mixing SiC nanoparticles into the BiSbTe matrix effectively enhances its thermoelectric properties; a high dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) value of up to 1.33 at 373 K is obtained in Bi0.3Sb1. 7Te3 incorporated with only 0.4 vol% SiC nanoparticles. SiC nanoinclusions possessing coherent interfaces with the Bi0.3Sb1. 7Te3 matrix can increase the Seebeck coefficient while increasing the electrical conductivity, in addition to its effect of reducing lattice thermal conductivity by enhancing phonon scattering. Nano‐SiC dispersion further endows the BiSbTe alloys with better mechanical properties, which are favorable for practical applications and device fabrication.