Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA Based Biosensors

Biosensors especially DNA biosensors find use in diverse fields like clinical, food adulteration prevention, and in the monitoring of the environment. The DNA based biosensors have gained prominence in detection and monitoring and are the ultimate choice due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Novel synthetic probes have been exploited for their use in various clinical settings. Here in this review, the major DNA biosensor technologies available in the market is discussed with the addition of two crucial technological breakthrough in detecting mercury poisoning as well as DNA damage due to ultraviolet light is also discussed. DNA biosensors technology is evolving at a faster pace and is coming up with the rational solution in the detection of various clinical conditions as well as coverage area like environmental pollution, which we can now detect at a faster rate with the help of state of the art DNA biosensors in no time. Thus DNA biosensors are becoming part and parcel of the mainstream science, and through this review, a try has been made to address the various issues relating to DNA biosensors in today’s world.
PII: S0968-4328(00)00065-2

In this work we investigated the relative merits of conventional single-photon confocal laser scanning ̄uorescence microscopy (CLSM) and two-photon laser scanning ̄uorescence microscopy (2p-LSM) for the study of mitochondria in living neurons. Dorsal root ganglion neurons were loaded with the mitochondrion-speci®c ̄uorescent dye JC-1, the ratio between red (J-aggregates) and green (monomer) ̄uorescence of which re ̄ects mitochondrial membrane potential. Cells were illuminated at 488 nm for single-photon excitation or at 870 nm for two-photon excitation. In both modalities we found that mitochondria showed: (i) similar appearance; (ii) similar ̄uorescence ratio values over both whole cell bodies and individual mitochondria; and (iii) similar responses to mitochondrial uncoupler, which dropped the ratio values by 50%. However, 2p-LSM exhibited several advantages over CLSM: (i) better signal/noise ratio in the green emission channel; (ii) less phototoxicity upon repetitive scanning in the focal plane; and (iii) no signi®cant loss of image quality upon repetitive scans in the z direction. We conclude that, while both techniques enable visualisation of individual mitochondria in living cells, 2p-LSM has signi®cant advantages for physiological work requiring time-lapse experiments or four-dimensional reconstructions of mitochondria. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of light exposure during sleep on the curricular and extracurricular activities of medical students

Introduction : Many researches have demonstrated the effect of artificial light exposure during sleep on the circadian rhythm that controls the sleep-wake cycle. Lighting during sleep suppresses the melatonin that is responsible for the sleep-wake cycle. Consequently, this affects students academic performance and their involvement in curricular and extracurricular activities. Aims: We conducted a study to find the effects of the exposure of light during sleep on students sleep quality, level of concentration in class, academic performances and involvement in extracurricular activities. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was performed by distributing a questionnaire to 238 second year medical undergraduate students. Results: We found that 84% of the respondents usually slept with light off. Students sleeping with light on reported having a lower quality of sleep and also reported having more difficulty concentrating in class. As compared to students with lights off during sleep, those who reported sleeping with the light on also reported scoring lower marks and less extracurricular activity, Conclusion: Sleeping with lights on during sleep appears to be related to poor sleep quality, lowered level of concentration in class, lower students academic performances and less involvement in extracurricular activities. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.541-544
Determination of Cu mineralized zones utilizing number-size (N-S) fractal modeling in Takht-e-Gonbad porphyry deposit (SE Iran)

The purpose of this study is to determine different Cu mineralized zones using number-size (N-S) fractal modeling in Takht-e-Gonbad porphyry deposit (SE Iran). This deposit is situated about 70 km NE of Sirjan City, SE Iran. In addition, this porphyry deposit is located on the south of Kerman Cenozoic magmatic arc (KCMA), which most of Cu porphyry deposits of Iran occurred in this arc [1]. Based on geological map of Takht-e-Gonbad, Eocene volcanic-pyroclastic rocks and Neogene sediments are the main rock types. Moreover, phyllic alteration is the main alteration type in this deposit and also, hypogene ore zone consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor magnetite and molybdenite. The number-size fractal model proposed by Mandelbrot [4], can be used to describe the distribution of geochemical population without any pre-processing of data. The model can been expressed by the following equation: N(≥r)=cr Where r denotes the element concentration; N(≥r) is the cumulative number of concentration greater than or equal to r; c is a constant and D is the fractal dimension of the concentration distribution [2]. Figure 1: Cu N-S log-log plot in Takht-eGonbad deposit
Reliability Indexes for Use

Research in education has developed along two different lines, experimental and correlational (1). The experimental method is concerned primarily with changing conditions and observing the effects on the student. For example, a researcher compares two lesson presentation formats, lecture and computer-assisted instruction. In experiments, the variance due to the treatment (in the example, presentation format) is the variance of interest; other sources of variance, such as individual variance, are considered error variance. In contrast, the correlational method is concerned primarily with individual variation, the desire to sort and rank individuals according to their individual differences, and then, if relevant, to predict the criterion performance of individuals. For example, a researcher ranks
Performance analysis of single gate strained Si, Si-Ge on insulator MOSFET in TCAD

Scaling of MOSFET is an important part of semiconductor industry and manufacturing of ICs and due to the scaling several issues like mobility degradation and reduction in Ion/Ioff ratio arises. To overcome these problems many structural approaches evolved over the time such as SOI, FDSOI, and multi-gate technology. Also, in this paper N-MOS Strained Si/relaxed Si0.7 Ge0.3 heterostructure is modelled and simulated using TCAD. Performance analysis of Strained-Si N-MOSFET has been done in 2D TCAD simulator. The performance of strained silicon is enhanced and analyzed using proper doping, higher work function, and thin high k dielectric oxide layer. The performance of the strained Si simulated device showed better results than the previous studied work.
A Comprehensive Study on Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of the A3(SF)2(a=Hg, Pb)

Here we reported the electronic and optical properties for cubic phase A3(SF)2 where (A=Hg, Pb) under the precise density functional theory (DFT) by using the accurate Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential approximation (TB-mBJ) as an exchange-correlation functional. In this work we for the first time investigated all the optical and electronic properties of A3(SF)2. The real and imaginary dielectric functions were explored along with optical absorption coefficient, reflectivity, energy loss function, refractive index and extinction coefficient. We demonstrated the direct and indirect band gap nature of these materials. Our investigation explained that the two materials sustain their positive value of refractive index and thus are non negative index metamaterials.
Mental health profile of Ghana

Ghana is a West African state that attained independence from Great Britain in 1957 and became a republican state in 1960. Its population is about 22 million (2004 estimate), distributed in ten regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 650 000 of the population are suffering from severe mental disorder and 2 166 000 are suffering from moderate to mild mental disorder (see http://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/country/ghana/en).
Edge Detection of MRI Scan Neck Image Using Canny Edge Detection Algorithm Based on Density of Edge Length

: Neck is robot part for human. The robotic platform of the neck bone was surrounded by muscles like steel spring the neck has a significant amount of movement and supports the weight of the head, but it is less protected than the rest of the neck, the neck can be vulnerable to injury and disorders that produce pain and restrict motion. In this work Density of Edge Length based Canny Edge Detection Algorithm has been proposed to pre processing of boundary detection of the MRI Scan Neck image. To find the correct boundary in noisy image of neck is still a difficult one. The proposed Canny Edge Detection algorithm has been used to detect the boundaries of neck image from the noisy image. The performance of proposed technique has been verified and validated with the standard medical values. The results show that the proposed technique performs well and produced very near to the optimal solution. This method is robust for all kinds of noisy images.
Review of PAPR Reduction for MIMO-OFDM Systems in 4G Communication System

: In recent time, the demand for multimedia data services has grown up rapidly. One of the most promising multi-carrier system, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) forms basis for all 4G wireless communication systems due to its large capacity to allow the number of subcarriers, high data rate and ubiquitous coverage with high mobility. OFDM is significantly affected by peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). Unfortunately, the high PAPR inherent to OFDM signal envelopes will occasionally drive high power amplifiers (HPAs) to operate in the nonlinear region of their characteristic curve. The nonlinearity of the HPA exhibits amplitude and phase distortions, which cause loss of orthogonality among the subcarriers, and hence, inter-carrier interference (ICI) is introduced in the transmitted signal. Not only that, high PAPR also leads to in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation. This paper emphasis mainly on the PAPR reduction of MIMO-OFDM system using partial transmits sequence (PTS) and precoding techniques. Some other techniques such as amplitude clipping, Artificial Bee Colony have low-complexity; on the other hand, they suffer from various problems such as in-band distortion and out-of-band expansion.
The daily practice reality of PD-L1 (CD274) evaluation in non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study

Treatment with pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PDCD-1) monoclonal antibody for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) requires prior immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the expression of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (also known as CD274 molecule) which is a heterogeneous and complex marker. The present study aimed to investigate how pathological and technical factors (such as tumor location and sampling type, respectively) may affect the PD-L1 evaluation in patients with NSCLC in the daily practice of pathology laboratories. The current study was retrospective, and included 454 patients with NSCLC, for whom PD-L1 expression analysis by IHC was prospectively performed between November 2016 and January 2018. The association between PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients was statistically investigated using either the χ2 and Fisher exact tests or the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, depending on whether PD-L1 expression was assessed in three large categories (<1, 1–49, ≥50%) or in more precise percentages. Furthermore, the same statistical methodology was used to analyze the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression according to its sampling type (cytology, biopsy or surgical specimen) and its location (primary tumor, lymph node or distant metastasis). Intra- and inter-observer discrepancies were also studied using double-blind evaluation and concordance analyses based on the weighted κ coefficient. The results demonstrated a significant association between PD-L1 expression and sample location (P=0.005), histological type (P=0.026), total number of mutations (P=0.004) and KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase mutations (P=0.024). In addition, sampling type did not influence PD-L1 expression. The inter- and intra-observer discrepancies were 15% and between 16 and 17.5%, respectively. The present study confirmed that evaluation of PD-L1 expression by IHC can be performed on all types of samples. In addition, the results from the current study highlighted the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression among the different types of sample location. In complex cases, a second evaluation of PD-L1 expression by IHC would be performed due to intra- and inter-observer discrepancies.
“ A Study on Morphological Variations of Thyroid Gland ”

Thyroid gland is highly vascular, ductless gland that clasps the upper part of the trachea. It extends from the fifth or sixth tracheal ring to the oblique line on the thyroid cartilage,and is enclosed in a sheath of pretracheal fascia attached to that line and to the arch of the cricoid cartilage. The gland varies greatly in size,and is relatively larger in women and children than in men. [1]Method : The present study was carried out in 25 adult cadavers. The midline structures of the neck were dissected in layers and finally thyroid gland was exposed by separating the strap muscles. The gland was examined morphologically and looked for variations. Photographs were taken and later the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Levator glandulae thyroideae, pyramidal lobe ,absence of isthmus were noted in the present study
A Typical Presentation of Trigeminal Neuralgia Induced by Intracranial Hypertension Mimicking Sinusitis

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain syndrome that affects the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia is broadly classified into two major subtypes as typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia. The former is described as repetitive attacks of sharp, severe, excruciating pain with pain-free intervals while the latter is characterized by dull burning facial pain. Facial pain is the main feature of the trigeminal neuralgia but it could be the symptoms of multiple sinogenic and non-sinogenic disorders, it is difficult to distinguish sinogenic pain caused due to sinusitis from non-sinogenic facial pain caused by other etiologies such as trigeminal neuralgia, migraine and idiopathic intracranial hypertension to avoid imprecise treatment at early stages and for a better prognosis. Here, we present the case of a 56-years-old woman, who presented with trigeminal neuralgia mimicking chronic sinusitis. Delayed diagnosis can result in a poor quality of life, unnecessary intervention, and financial burden.
EFFECT OF PEPTIDES SYNTHESIZED FROM LACTOFERRIN OF BUFFALO MILK ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN KUNMING MICE

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lifestyle-related diseases. Lactoferrin antioxidant peptide sequence SVDGKEDLIW has been purified from buffalo milk protein and then synthesized by solid phase synthesis. The antioxidant activity of the synthetic peptide was evaluated in D-Galactose treated Kunming mice. The experiment design included 35 mice that randomly divided into 5 groups named, normal group, G-Galatose model group, DGalactose + low dose of synthetic peptide (0.1 g/kg body weight), D-Galactose + high dose of synthetic peptide (0.6g/kg body weight) and DGalctose + vitamin C. After 6 weeks, mice were sacrificed and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood, heart, liver and brain of mice were measured. The mice group of high-dose peptide showed significantly (P<0.01) higher liver index (5.89) than that of D-Galactose model group (4.41). The highest SOD activity values of heart, liver, brain and blood were obtained in low-dose synthetic peptide group (212.33, 404.88, 296.26 “U/mg protein” and 28.15 “U/g protein”, respectively). Similarly, low-dose synthetic peptide group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher values of GSH-PX activity. Whereas, MDA contents in heart and whole blood (0.35 and 25.24 “nmol/mg protein”, respectively) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the low-dose peptide group. This study emphasizes the antioxidant activity of SVDGKEDLIW in vivo and demonstrates a promising antioxidant capacity of the synthetic peptide derived from lactoferrin of buffalo milk.
Identification of biomarkers for personalized peptide vaccination in 2,588 cancer patients

Peptide-based cancer vaccines have failed to provide sufficient clinical benefits in order to be approved in clinical trials since the 1990s. To understand the mechanisms underlying this failure, the present study investigated biomarkers associated with the lower overall survival (OS) among 2,588 patients receiving personalized peptide vaccination (PPV). Survival data were obtained from a database of 2,588 cancer patients including 399 patients with lung, 354 with prostate and 344 with colon cancer. They entered into phase II clinical trials of PPV in which 2 to 4 of 31 warehouse peptides were selected for vaccination on an individual patient basis based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class IA-types and pre-existing peptide-specific IgG levels. Higher pre-vaccination neutrophil, monocyte and platelet counts, and lower pre-vaccination lymphocyte and red blood cell counts were inversely associated with OS, with higher sensitivities in the proportions of neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively. The most potent unfavorable and favorable factors for OS were the median percentage of neutrophils (>64.8%) or percentage of lymphocytes (>25.1%) with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. Higher pre-vaccination levels of c-reactive protein and other inflammatory soluble factors were inversely associated with OS. Pre-vaccination peptide-specific immunity levels had no effect on OS, although lower immune boosting levels were inversely associated with OS. None of the 31 peptides was inversely associated with OS, although a few peptides were positively associated with it. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggested that pre-vaccination inflammatory signatures, but not those of post-vaccination immune induction, were associated with lower clinical benefits of PPV.
Subjective Expectations and Demand for Contraception

One quarter of married, fertile‐age women in Sub‐Saharan Africa report not wanting a pregnancy and yet do not use contraceptives. To study this issue, we collect detailed data on women’s subjective probabilistic beliefs and estimate a structural model of contraceptive choices. Our results indicate that costly interventions like eliminating supply constraints would only modestly increase contraceptive use. Alternatively, increasing partners’ approval of methods, aligning partners’ fertility preferences with women’s beliefs about pregnancy risk absent contraception have the potential to increase use considerably. Results from a before/after experiment testing this last finding are highly consistent with the structural estimates.
Combined non-invasive scan and biomarkers to identify independent risk factors in patients with mild coronary stenosis

Background Independent risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with mild coronary stenosis are uncertain. This study aims to investigate predictive biomarkers for MACEs in patients with mild coronary stenosis. Methods Totally 381 patients with mild coronary stenosis were included and MACE incidences were recorded through a 24-month follow-up and 91 patients with unfavorable plaques characteristic are detected by CCTA. One unfavorable characteristic was recorded for 1 point and they were divided into three groups: high-risk group (HR, score =0), intermediate-risk group (IR, score =1) and low-risk group (LR, score/2). Specific blood biomarker measurements of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were taken simultaneously. Results The mean age, hs-CRP and MPO levels in the HR and IR group were significantly higher than that in the LR group. A considerably higher level of MMP-9 showed in the HR group compared to the LR group. The incidence rates of MACE were remarkably higher in HR group than LR group and IR group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the cumulative event—free survival rate of HR was significantly higher than that in LR and IR group and there was no significant difference between LR and IR group. The univariate COX regression analysis indicated that the age, hs-CRP, MPO, and unfavorable plaque scores ≥2 were independent risk factors for MACEs. Conclusions High MPO levels were strongly correlated with MACEs in patients with mild coronary stenosis. Although confirmation is needed from larger trials, MPO could be a promising clinical tool to improve the risk stratification in patients with mild coronary stenosis and suggest strategies for the individualized prevention programs.
Pattern and predictors of outcomes for infective endocarditis in North Kuala Lumpur

Context: Infective endocarditis (IE) still carries significant mortality and morbidity ever since 1835. Despite improvement in medical technologies, mortality outcome remains unchanged. We sought to analyze the pattern of presentation, treatment, and outcomes predictors for patient presenting to our hospital. This study will explore some of the factors that could be associated with the outcome of a patient diagnosed with IE for a better guidance in management. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective dual center cohort study from North Kuala Lumpur from January 2012 to December 2013. Fifty patients with definite IE based on modified Duke's criteria were recruited into the study. Clinical presentation, risk factors, biochemical markers, echocardiography, and outcome were obtained through chart review, clinic data, and telephone call. Simple logistic regression was utilized for inferential statistic. Results: A total of 50 patients, 37 (74%) males and 13 (26%) females were included in the study. The mean age was 42 ± 16.4. Most patients (80.39%) were diagnosed within the 1st week of admission. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (38%) and the mitral valve was predominantly affected (68%). Complication was common and in-hospital mortality remains high (28%). Nearly 20% of the patients who had surgical intervention survived and discharged alive. Presence of complications predicts poor outcome (odds ratio [OR]: 5.5 P = 0.02), whereas surgical intervention predicts good outcome (OR: 1.56 P = 0.027). Conclusions: Mortality remains relatively high in patient with IE. Those who presented with complications are at 5.5-fold risk of mortality. Surgical intervention showed an association with good outcome within this cohort.