Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of thyroxine supplementation on neurologic development in infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation

difference between the values of the two study groups at corresponding times was determined by calculating the P value for the difference in the estimat- ed mean values. The effect of treatment on the longitudinal course of the Bay- ley mental-development and psychomotor-development scores was tested by analysis of variance for repeated measures (BMDP software, program 5V), in which the score was examined as a function of thyroxine supplementation, time, and a term for the interaction between thyroxine supplementation and time. To es-tablish the difference between the treatment groups in mental- and psychomotor-development scores at the age of 24 months (the end of the trial), multivariate linear regression analysis was performed (BMDP software, program 1R). The covariates in this model were gestational age, sex, whether intubation was neces- sary at birth, maternal educational level, ethnic origin, presence or absence of growth retardation, and use or nonuse of surfac- tant. To evaluate the effect of thyroxine on the scores for mental and psychomotor development in the four gestational-age groups, we used linear regression analysis and the same model. Neurologic outcome was analyzed separately at 6, 12, and 24 months with use of the chi-square test for two-by-three tables (BMDP soft-ware, program 4F). For data obtained at 24 months, we used lo- gistic-regression analysis (BMDP software, program LR) with the model described above.
Improved Random Sampling Reconstruction for In-Vivo Data Using Discrete Cosine Transform

I. Lillo, J. Plett, M. Guarini, R. Mir, P. Irarrazaval Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile INTRODUCTION. It has been shown that signals or images having a sparse or compressible representation in a given domain can be reconstructed from a few randomly drawn samples, obtained from a domain whose components are linear combinations of the pursued image. The process minimizes the L1 norm of the sparse domain coefficients, keeping the consistency between the acquired samples and the resulting image [1]. Phantoms usually allow an exact reconstruction because, in general, their images have a sparse representation, hence, are easily compressed. However, it has been difficult to achieve good results with in vivo images. To tackle this problem, we hypothesize that a windowed 2D-DCT (2DDiscrete Cosine Transform) of in vivo images, JPEG like, allows concentration of the image content in a few coefficients with a good combination of localization (window size) versus frequency. Therefore, we propose an MRI reconstruction from undersampled data based on the DCT, using adaptive and non-uniform k-space undersampling mainly concentrated in the low frequencies.
On a Few Superficial Presentations of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission of Human: an Analytical Hypothesis

Ultra-weak photon emissions (UPEs) including those from human have been experimented for decades. The photo-genic origin of UPE has also been attributed to the oxidative stress or free radical production that is unique to metabolically active states of biological organisms. However, there are considerable gaps in quantitative understanding of UPE. In this work, I propose an analytical framework of hypothesis for the initial objective of modeling a few superficial presentations of UPE of human, including the systematic dependency on age, the diurnal variation, and the geometric asymmetry associated with serious asymmetrical pathological conditions. The hypothesis which is currently limited to human assumes a new form of energy state, termed vivo-nergy, which resides only in metabolically active organisms that are also under neuronal control. The hypothesis projects a decrease of the vivo-nergy in human during growth beyond puberty, with the rate of decrease dictated by a critical time-scale---the age of the first opposite-sex sexual intercourse (FOSSI). The hypothesis also proposes a modification of the vivo-nergy by the phases of systematic or homeostatic physiology. The hypothesis further postulates that the deviation of the physiology-modified vivo-nergy from the pre-puberty level is deteriorated by acquired organ-specific pathological conditions. Any reduction of vivo-nergy from the pre-puberty level is hypothesized to proportionally cause oxidative stress that functions as the physical source of UPE. The resulted steady-state diffusion of the photon emitted from a photo-genic source of UPE in a human geometry simplified as a homogeneous spherical domain is modeled by photon diffusion principles incorporating an extrapolated zero-boundary condition. The age and systematic physiology combined determines the intensity of the centered physiological photo-genic source. The acquired (single) pathology sets both the intensity and the off-center position of the (single) pathological photo-genic source. When the age-related, physiology-commanded, and pathology-controlled modifications of the photo-genetic sources are implemented in the photon diffusion model, the photon fluence rate at the surface of the simplified human-representing spherical domain reveals the dependency on age, the temporal variation corresponding to systematic physiology, and the geometric asymmetry associated with significant asymmetric pathological condition as reported previously for UPE. The hypothesis, as it provides analytical conveniences for quantitative estimation of UPE patterns, may be useful to further model-based interpretation of the spatial-temporal characteristics of UPE.
Desired goals and actual outcomes of e‐HRM

Much discussion exists in the academic literature about the potential goals of e-HRM, but few scholars have looked at whether these goals are actually realised and what factors have an impact on this. This study examined the goals stated by organisations for the introduction of e-HRM, whether these goals were actually achieved, and the factors affecting this through ten case studies in a range of UK organisations. The results demonstrated that e-HRM is introduced in order to improve efficiency, service delivery, standardisation and organisational image, to empower managers and transform HR into a more strategic function. Efficiency, service delivery and standardisation goals were commonly realised. Some evidence of a transformational impact of e-HRM was found, as the HR staff had more time and information to support the organisation in achieving its business strategy. However, no evidence was found of an actual increased involvement of HR in business decision making.
EFFECTS OF TRANSGENIC POPLAR LEAVES WITH BINARY INSECT-RESISTANCE GENES USED AS FEED FOR RABBITS

The aim of this work was to explore the potential toxicological effects on rabbits of transgenic poplar (Populus cathayana Rehd.) leaves with binary insect-resistance genes used as feed. Fifty-four 40-d-old weaned New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (live weight 0.98±0.1 kg) were fed for 70 consecutive days with a common pelleted diet and fresh poplar leaves containing a chitinase-BmkIT gene combination or untransformed counterparts (60 g/d). Rabbit body weight and hematological and biochemical data in blood samples were recorded. Organ histological structures were observed and the organ weights in the 2 groups were also measured. The results of the growth study revealed no significant differences (P>0.05) for final mean BW of rabbits, intake of the combined feed and poplar leaves or feed conversion ratio between the 2 groups. No obvious pathological changes were observed in the small intestine, stomach, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, bladder, pancreas, prostate and ovary. Electron microscopic observation of liver cells and renal cells showed they were both normal in the 2 groups. All hematological and biochemical data tested fell within the normal range in the 2 groups after 70 d of feeding. We conclude that the poplar leaves with the chitinase-BmkIT gene combination had no obvious harmful effects on rabbits.
Interleukin 27 is a potential rescue therapy for acute severe colitis via interleukin-10 dependent, T 1 cell independent attenuation of colonic mucosal innate immune responses 2

29 Background; IBD patients with acute severe colitis face systemic anti-TNF biologic rescue therapy or 30 colectomy, if treatment with intravenous steroids fail. Interleukin (IL)-27 is a cytokine with an 31 immunosuppressive role in adaptive immune responses. However, the IL-27 receptor complex is 32 also expressed on innate immune cells, and there is evidence that IL-27 can impact the function 33 of innate cell subsets, although this particular functionality in vivo is not understood. Our aim was 34 to define the efficacy of IL-27 in acute severe colitis and characterize novel IL-27 driven mechanisms of 35 immunosuppression in the colonic mucosa. 36 Methods; We assessed oral delivery of Lactococcus lactis expressing an IL-27 hyperkine on the innate 37 immune response in vivo in a genetically intact, non-infective acute murine colitis model induced by 38 intra-rectal instillation of 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in SJL/J mice . 39 Results; IL-27 attenuates acute severe colitis through reduction of colonic mucosal neutrophil infiltrate 40 associated with a decreased CXC chemokine gradient. This suppression was T cell-independent and IL-41 10-dependent, initially featuring enhanced mucosal IL-10. IL-27 was associated with a reduction in 42 colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines and induced a multifocal strong positive nuclear expression of 43 phosphorylated STAT-1 in mucosal epithelial cells. 44 Conclusion; We have defined novel mechanisms of IL-27 immunosuppression towards colonic innate 45 immune responses in vivo. Mucosal delivery of IL-27 has translational potential as a novel therapeutic for 46 IBD and is a future mucosal directed rescue therapy in acute severe inflammatory bowel disease.
Changes in parasitic load , phagocytosis and ultra structural pattern in experimental cryptosporidiosis following combined

Infection with cryptosporidium produces mild and self prolonged, life-threatening cholera-like illness in immunocompromised patients and underweight children . On the other hand, cells are protected from the anti-oxidant enzymes and the level of these anti the host. This study was done to assess the effect of administrat combination with nitazoxanide (nitazode) in experimental cryptosporidiosis. Lab bred albino mice were divided into 4 groups; infected control (gr I), infected IV, infected and treated with combination of Antox and The number of cryptosporidium oocysts was counted in small intestinal contents after scraping &staining with modified ZN stain. Phagocytosis index was examined in duodenal section. After animal sacrifice, ileal intestinal region was subjected to transmission electron microscopic examination. Treatment with Nitazode (gr III) resulted in significant reduction in the number of oocysts one week (52.2%) &two weeks (84.1%) post treatment. The combination regimen (gr IV) resulted in the highest significant reduction one week (68.1%) and two weeks (84.1%) post-treatment. The group receiving Antox (gr II), showed slight reduc significantly different from infected control (gr I) after two weeks. The phagocytic index increased significantly in all treated groups one week post treatment. It started to decrease in all groups at the 2 except group II. The ultrathin sections prepared from ileum of infected treated mice (group IV) revealed degenerated epithelial microvilli with exposure of cryptosprodia. In conclusion, combination of NTZ and Antox revealed the best antiprotozoal effect according to oocysts count stained with modified ZN. Antox alone, ameliorated the ultra-structural findings, but did not decrease oocyst burden in intestinal contents. The study are reported in immunocompetent mice, the outcome w
Duality for elliptic normal surface scrolls

For a variety X⊂PN, its mth order dual variety is the variety X∨m⊂(PN)∨ consisting of hyperplanes containing an mth osculating space of X. The strict dual variety X∗ is the smallest nonempty X∨m. All these dual varieties were described by Piene and G. Sacchiero [\cit MR0738534 (86c:14042) \endcit Comm. Algebra 12 (1984), no. 9-10, 1041–1066; MR0738534 (86c:14042)] in case X is a rational normal scroll. The main contribution of this paper is the description (dimension and degree) of the strict dual varieties of elliptic normal surface scrolls. First, by local computations, they describe all dual varieties for any decomposable normal scroll in terms of the dual varieties of the curves attached to the decomposition of the bundle. This solves the problem when the elliptic normal surface scroll is decomposable. For the nondecomposable case, they observe that such an X can be obtained as a projection of a decomposable elliptic normal surface scroll X′⊂PN+1 from a point of X′. From this observation and their former description they obtain their result in this case.
0 The J-Machine : System Support for Actors 1

S---The J-Machine in concert with its operating syst kernel, OSS, provides low-overhead system services to support actor programmi systems. Th J-Machine is not specialized to actor systems; instead, it provides primiti mmechanisms f communication, synchronization, and translation. Communic.a'on mechanisms are provided that permit a node to send a message to any other nodei the machine in < 2 . On message arrival, a task is created and dispatched in < 1 . A translation mechanism supports a global virtual address space. These mechanisms efficiently support most proposed models of concurrent computation. The hardware is an ensemble of up to 65,536 nodes each containing a 36-bit processor, 4K 36-bit words of memory, and a router. The nodes are connected by a highspeed 3-D mesh network. This design was chosen to make the most efficient use of available chip and board area. q -. ' ; -1_r, )(-J DOTIC S ELEOCTE FEB 06 lq
Evolution of the Dependence of Rest-Frame Color and Morphology Distribution on Stellar Mass for Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field-North

Using very deep Subaru K′-band imaging and archival Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2/NICMOS data of the Hubble Deep Field-North, we investigate the evolution of the stellar mass, color, and morphology of galaxies to z ~ 3. We mainly examine the rest-frame U - V color distribution of galaxies as a function of stellar mass. At 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 2, galaxies seem to be divided into the two populations at around the stellar mass of ~5 × 109 M☉. The low-mass galaxies have relatively bluer rest-frame U - V color, and their color does not show a clear correlation with stellar mass over the range 108 to 5 × 109 M☉. On the other hand, at higher mass, the more massive galaxies tend to have redder U - V color. The average U - V color of the low-mass galaxies gradually becomes bluer with redshift, from U - V ~ 0.2 at z ~ 0.5 to U - V ~ -0.2 at z ~ 2. However, the correlation between the stellar mass and rest-frame U - V color of the high-mass population does not seem to change significantly between z ~ 0.3 and z ~ 2. The morphological distribution shows that at z ≲ 1, the low-mass population is dominated by disk galaxies, while the fraction of early-type galaxies is larger in the high-mass population. At 1 < z < 2, although the fraction of irregular galaxies increases, a similar trend is observed. At z > 2, it is seen that more massive galaxies tend to have redder U - V color over the range 109-1010 M☉, although we can only sample galaxies with stellar mass larger than ~1 × 109 M☉. These results suggest that the star formation history of galaxies depends greatly on their stellar mass. The low-mass population is likely to have a relatively long star formation timescale, and under the assumption of a constant star formation rate, their formation redshifts do not seem to be much higher than z ~ 2. At stellar masses larger than ~5 × 109 M☉, there must be some mechanism that suppresses star formation in galaxies at 0 < z < 2.
DWT-based Illumination Normalization and Feature Extraction for Enhanced Face Recognition

Face recognition (FR) under varying lighting conditions is challenging, and exacting illumination invariant features is an effective approach to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose to utilize Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for normalizing the illumination variance in images as well as for feature extraction. Individual stages of the FR system are examined and an attempt is made to improve each stage. A Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) based feature selection algorithm is used to search the feature space for the optimal feature subset. Experimental results, obtained by applying the proposed algorithm on YaleB and Color FERET face databases, show that the proposed system outperforms other FR systems. A significant increase in the recognition rate and a substantial reduction in the number of features is observed. Dimensionality reduction obtained is more than 99% for both YaleB and Color FERET databases.
On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials

The often used method for decomposing wage differentials into human capital and discrimination components is reformulated so that both the disadvantage, or "cost," discrimination imposes on a black or minority wage earner and the advantage, or "benefit," it bestows on a white or majority wage earner can be estimated.
A Rich Annotation Scheme for Mental Events

We present a rich annotation scheme for the structure of mental events. Mental events are those in which the verb describes a mental state or process, usually oriented towards an external situation. While physical events have been described in detail and there are numerous studies of their semantic analysis and annotation, mental events are less thoroughly studied. The annotation scheme proposed here is based on decompositional analyses in the semantic and typological linguistic literature. The scheme was applied to the news corpus from the 2016 Events workshop, and error analysis of the test annotation provides suggestions for refinement and clarification of the annotation scheme.
High voltage sampling scheme independent of capacitor voltage coefficient for a delta sigma modulator

The rapidly growing market of electric vehicles has motivated the research for safe and effective monitoring of large battery packs. This paper presents a unique sampling scheme for a delta sigma modulator that is independent of common mode voltage. The rejection of common mode voltage is important in the application of electric vehicles and other large battery packs in order to accurately measure every cell on the stack with varying common mode voltages. A switched capacitor implementation is the proposed solution, and simulations in Cadence provide the results. The simulations of the circuit supported the claim that it is independent of common mode voltage. The tradeoffs include degradation over temperature and signal level. The new topology also introduces the possibility of a less complex input bias cancellation circuit that can be researched in the future.
Investigating the effect of residual and highway connections in speech enhancement models

Residual and skip connections play an important role in many current generative models. Although their theoretical and numerical advantages are understood, their role in speech enhancement systems has not been investigated so far. When performing spectral speech enhancement, residual connections are very similar in nature to spectral subtraction, which is the one of the most commonly employed speech enhancement approaches. Highway networks, on the other hand, can be seen as a combination of spectral masking and spectral subtraction. However, when using deep neural networks, such operations would happen in a transformed spectral domain, as opposed to traditional speech enhancement where all operations are often done directly on the spectrum. In this paper, we aim to investigate the role of residual and highway connections in deep neural networks for speech enhancement, and verify whether or not they operate similarly to their traditional, digital signal processing counterparts. We visualize the outputs of such connections, projected back to the spectral domain, in models trained for speech denoising, and show that while skip connections do not necessarily improve performance with regards to the number of parameters, they make speech enhancement models more interpretable.
Biosand Filtration : Application in the Developing World

The BSF is very similar to the slow sand filters but its use is on a much smaller house hold scale than slow sand filtration. Moreover, biosand filtration is still a relatively new technology that is being applied in the developing world and, consequently, there are continual issues that the BSF must address. The two main concerns related to the implementation of the BSF are its incapacity to manage high turbidities during monsoon seasons and its high initial cost. In order to address the BSF’s problems with respect to high turbidities clogging the BSF, three pre-treatment alternatives are suggested. The first alternative involves the application of a multistage filtration system. The second method of pre-treatment is using powered Moringa tree seeds as a coagulant. The last pretreatment alternative reviewed is the use of a sari cloth. The sari cloth filtration is one of the most practical pre-treatment methods because of its simplicity and high particle removal capabilities. Cost was the second major drawback of the BSF design where the initial cost of a BSF could be a large percentage of a family’s annual income in a developing country. Even though the costs of materials range from one developing country to another, the highest costs of the BSF is the concrete container no matter where the BSF is built. Prior to the implementation of the BSF, studies should be completed on the social, economic, and political factors of the developing country of interest. Only then could the BSF be a potentially sustainable and appropriate technology. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Abstract . ii Table of
LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES WITHIN A HYPERMEDIA FRAMEWORK

This paper describes "A la Recherche d'un Emploi", ("Job Hunting") a hypermedia courseware teaching French for Specific Purposes and developed as part of the European CAMILLE project. "A la Recherche d'un Emploi" constitutes an early example of a task-based and problem-solving oriented software, which interweaves both linguistic and professional goals, on the one hand, and both theoretical knowledge and a hands-on approach, on the other. The paper looks firstly at the common features of the common features of the communicative and LSP approaches in Second Language Acquisition, and at the relevance of the use of hypermedia in the development of learning environments, from a theoretical standpoint. During the presentation of the courseware, our discussion has given rise to several general issues concerned with this type of software and with the more widely used large-scale hypermedia CALL software. These issues included: the relationships between linguistic contents and domain task, simulation activities, authenticity of material , linguistic and cultural resources, follow-up procedures of the learner's performances, etc. The courseware being presented, our attention was then directed to the manner in which the curriculum perspective should be integrated within the development of the CALL environment. Our methodology is explained throughout, from the planning phase and the learner's needs, through to an evaluation of the phase at its termination.