Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Безансонская модель Галактики, инструмент синтеза популяций для изучения структуры и эволюции Галактики (The Besancon Galaxy Model, a Population Synthesis Tool for Galactic Structure and Evolution Studies)

Understanding the Milky Way structure and evolution is a major objective in astrophysics. Our Galaxy is an object of highest interest for learning about galaxy formation and evolution in general. Many data of different kinds (photometry, astrometry, spectroscopy) are available for millions of stars in the Milky Way, which interpretation in terms of evolution is not easy. Stars in the Milky Way have been recognized to be part of several populations with typical characteristics and spatial distributions, such as the disc, the halo and the bulge, which shape the overall Galaxy and classify it as a barred spiral galaxy. We present here an approach for understanding the Galaxy by simulating stars in these various populations. The population synthesis scheme is used to simulate a scenario of formation of the Galaxy. It allows to confront such scenario with real data. It is used to prepare new observations (define the best protocole of observations to answer a given question) and to interpret observations in terms of Galaxy structure and evolution. The main hypotheses to build the model are based on upto-date knowledge on stellar evolution models, grids of atmosphere models, and galactic dynamics. Many parameters are needed, but the availability of many sources of data allow to constraint step by step theses parameters. The model produces simulations at a variety of wavelengths from X rays to mid infrared. It has been confronted to large scale surveys, ground based (Sloan Digital Sky Survey [1], 2MASS near-infrared sky survey [2], among others), and space based surveys (GALEX UV telescope, Hubble Space Telescope, etc.). It has been successfully used to constrain galactic structure parameters [3, 4], such as the disc scale length, scale heights, bar structure, halo shape, and evolution parameters such as the star formation history [5] in the solar neighborhood. It is also a useful tool to prepare future surveys, in particular the Gaia mission launched by the European Space Agency in December 2013, or further projects like PLATO and EUCLID. The model simulator is available through a dedicated web interface, which allows the users to run the model and prepare their own simulations for direct comparisons with real data. The simulations are computed on the cluster of the Institut UTINAM and deposited on the ftp server. VOTable and ascii format are available for these simulations. Further developments are envisaged for the web service, such as a data base of simulations, and a service for bayesian stellar classification. We shall present various applications of the simulations in the different astrophysical domains.
Coordination in the Absence of Sovereign Intervention

entities and it is somewhat difficult to speak of preferences of the collective or, in this case, the state. The state cannot have preferences, and within it different and even conflicting preferences may be present. However, at least in economics and political science, we are used to working with collective actorsthe firm, the party, the church, and many others in our theories. It is reasonable to assume that most of these actors have some specific interest they pursue: for example, to maximise profit, votes, or some collective good. In classical public-choice theory we find either the idea that there are "collective interests" (OLSON [ 1965]) or the idea that the representatives' personal interests are tied to the organisations' interest in a way so that the representative pursues what is in the interest of the collective (DOWNS [ 1957], NISKANEN [ 1971 ]). Some rational-choice theorists say that the rationality assumption might even hold better for collective actors than for individuals (ZINTL [ 1994]). However, there is in fact still a. problem of the internal aggregation of preferences in every organisation to which I tum below. Second, there are surely inequalities between states in many respects. l cannot see, however, why these inequalities should be viewed as greater than those between individuals. How could we measure and compare such differences? Apart from that, I do not understand why inequalities pose a problem for analysis in a lawand-economics fashion. Rational-choice models can deal with inequalities among their actors. These asymmetries can explain different preferences of states and thus different goals in treaty bargaining. What is the problem of the approach? Third, and similarly, why should it be impossible to analyse also nonstate actors in a law-and-economics fashion? Why should we be restricted to states? Whenever nonstate actors play a significant role in treaty preparation, we can incorporate
Role of allogenic bone marrow transplantation in adolescent or adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma in first remission.

Sixty-nine adolescents and adults 15-51 years of age with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL, 54 patients) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL, 15 patients) were referred for intensive antileukaemic therapy. Patients were treated according to one of two protocols. Both included induction and consolidation with vincristine, prednisone, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide, Ara C and asparaginase. Fifty-eight patients achieved complete remission within 8 weeks of chemotherapy. One additional patient entered remission after allogeneic BMT. Altogether 86% of the patients achieved CR. Thirty-three patients are alive, corresponding to an actuarial survival of 48 +/- 6% at 5 years after start of therapy. Survival from time of achievement of CR is 53 +/- 7% at 5 years and disease-free survival (DFS) is 52 +/- 7%. Consolidation treatment was given to all patients except one. An HLA-identical sibling was identified for 30 patients (45%). Twenty-two patients were scheduled to be transplanted with marrow from an HLA-identical sibling. The survival and DFS in these 22 patients was 58 +/- 11% at 5 years. DFS was not significantly different compared with the DFS of the eight patients who received an auto-BMT and the 26 patients treated with maintenance chemotherapy. DFS at 5 years was 63 +/- 17% and 40 +/- 10%, respectively. We also evaluated the influence of the presence of an HLA-identical sibling on the treatment outcome of all patients alive 12 weeks after initiation of remission-induction therapy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using logics to detect implementation-dependent flaws [cryptographic protocol design]

Vulnerabilities may be introduced at all stages of cryptographic protocol design. Reasoning about a protocol at a functional level does not unveil flaws which are inherently implementation-dependent. This paper uncovers a potential implementation-dependent flaw in a previously published protocol. Formal techniques should be able to analyse protocols with respect to such flaws. The epistemic logic CKT5 is modified and shown to operate at a sufficiently detailed bevel to capture implementation-dependent flaws. <<ETX>>
Effects of Chronic Systemic Hypoxia on Contraction Evoked by Noradrenaline in the Rat Iliac Artery

Comparisons were made between responses evoked by noradrenaline (NA) in iliac artery rings from normoxic (N) rats and chronically hypoxic (CH) rats kept in 12% O2 for 3‐4 weeks. At PO2 of 100 mmHg, cumulative concentration‐response curves (CCRC) to NA were greatly depressed in endothelium‐intact (E+) rings, but not endothelium‐denuded (E‐) rings, of CH rats relative to N rats. However, CCRCs evoked by NA in E+ and E‐ rings during nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition were similar in N and CH rats. Reducing PO2 to 55 mmHg depressed CCRCs to NA in E+ and E‐ rings of CH and N rats in the absence and presence of NO synthase inhibition. At PO2 of 100 mmHg, CCRCs evoked by phenylephrine were comparable in E+ and E‐ rings of N and CH rats as were CCRCs for the relaxation evoked by isoprenaline, which were similarly rightward shifted by NO synthase inhibition. However, CCRCs evoked by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside were leftward shifted in E‐ rings of CH rats relative to N rats. Further, in the presence of the α2 adrenoceptor inhibitor rauwolscine, CCRCs to NA were comparable in E+ rings of CH and N rats. Thus, the depressive effects of chronic hypoxia on NA‐evoked contractions of iliac artery are additional to those of acute hypoxia. We propose that they reflect a facilitation of the contribution of NO to α2 adrenoceptor‐evoked relaxation that includes an increased sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle of arteries from CH rats to NO.
Cognitive style predicts magical beliefs

Magicians often rely on misdirection to fool their audience. A common way to achieve this is for the magician to provide a plausible and intuitive (but false) account of how an effect is performed in order to prevent spectators from uncovering the truth. We hypothesized that analytical thinkers would be more likely than intuitive thinkers to seek alternative explanations when observing a mental magic effect because generating a coherent explanation requires analytical thought. We found that while intuitive thinkers often espoused explanations for a magic trick similar to one provided by the magician, analytical thinkers tended to generate new explanations that echoed rational principles and relied on physical mechanisms (rather than mental capabilities). This difference was not predicted by differences in numeracy skills or need for cognition.
Immunohistochemical study of adhesion molecules in liver inflammation

Using monoclonal antibodies and in situ immunohistochemistry, we studied the distribution of “accessory” adhesion molecules (i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and leukocyte function–associated antigen‐3) in 114 liver biopsy specimens with various inflammatory liver diseases and in 12 control liver biopsy samples without inflammation. The distribution of these adhesion molecules was compared with the presence on inflammatory cells of their natural ligands, lymphocyte function–associated antigen‐1 and cluster of differentiation antigen‐2, respectively.
Physical conditions of molecular gas in the Circinus galaxy Multi-J CO and C I P-3(1) -> P-3(0) observations

We report mapping observations of the (CO)-C-12 J = 3 -> 2, 4 -> 3, 6 -> 5, and 7 -> 6 transitions and the C I P-3(1) -> P-3(0) (C I) 492 GHz transition toward the central 40 '' x 40 '' region of the Circinus galaxy, using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope. We also detected (CO)-C-13 J = 3 -> 2 at the central position of Circinus. These observations are to date the highest CO transitions reported in Circinus. With large velocity gradient (LVG) modeling and likelihood analysis we try to obtain density, temperature, and column density of the molecular gas in three regions: the nuclear region (D 0) = 0.37 x 10(20) cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1), about 1/5 of the Galactic disk value. The luminosity ratios of C I and (CO)-C-12 J = 3 -> 2 (R-CI/(CO) (3 -> 2)) in Circinus basically follow a linear trend, similar to that obtained in high-redshift galaxies. The average R-CI/(CO) (J =) (3 -> 2) in Circinus is found to be similar to 0.2, lying at an intermediate value between non-AGN nuclear regions and high-redshift galaxies.
Optimizing data partition for scaling out NoSQL cluster

Data partition impacts the performance of Not Only SQL (NoSQL) systems significantly. Nowadays, many of the peer‐to‐peer NoSQL systems use consistent hashing to partition data automatically. These systems use virtual nodes and random data placement methods to divide the consistent hashing ring, which may lead to imbalanced data partition and degrade the overall system performance. The problem is prominent especially for scaling out heterogeneous clusters. Considering the capacity of each node, an imbalance coefficient of data distribution for a cluster is proposed firstly in this paper. Based on the imbalance coefficient, we propose a dynamic programming algorithm to calculate the position of the new coming node in the consistent hashing ring, which expands the consistent hashing ring more evenly without re‐shuffling the entire datasets. Simulations and experiments on Cassandra with Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB) benchmark show our algorithm is better than the state‐of‐the‐art work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VEGF VERSUS PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY WITH VERTEPORFIN FOR TREATMENT OF MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare visual outcomes after treatment with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods: One hundred and forty-two eyes of 128 consecutive patients treated with anti-VEGF (ranibizumab or bevacizumab) and/or PDT for myopic choroidal neovascularization were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: PDT (51 eyes), anti-VEGF (63 eyes), and a combination group (PDT with anti-VEGF) (28 eyes). Corrected visual acuity values at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment were compared. Results: The anti-VEGF group showed significant postoperative improvement in visual acuity compared with the PDT and combination groups (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). The anti-VEGF group demonstrated visual improvement from baseline at every follow-up visit after treatment (P = 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.002, respectively). The anti-VEGF group showed visual improvement (Snellen equivalent) from 0.57 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (0.27) to 0.33 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (0.47) (P = 0.01). Furthermore, 98.4% of patients in the anti-VEGF group and 92.8% of those in the combination group lost <15 letters from baseline visual acuity compared with 72.6% in the PDT group (P = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively). In the anti-VEGF group, 39.7% of patients improved from baseline by 15 or more letters compared with 17.7% in the PDT group (P = 0.02) and 21.4% in the combination group (P = 0.07). Conclusion: Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection is superior to PDT alone or a combination of PDT with anti-VEGF for treating myopic choroidal neovascularization.
Quantifying intra-urban morphology of the Greater Dublin area with spatial metrics derived from medium resolution remote sensing data

Spatial metrics derived from satellite imagery are useful measures to quantify structural characteristics of expanding cities, and can provide indications of functional land use types. Images of medium resolution are cheap, widely available and are often part of extensive historic archives. Their lower resolution, on the other hand, inhibits studying urban morphology and change processes at a more detailed, intra-urban level. In this study, we develop spatial metrics for use on continuous sealed surface data produced by a sub-pixel classification of Landsat ETM+ imagery. The metrics characterise the shape of the cumulative frequency distribution of the estimated sub-pixel fractions within a building block by fitting an exponential and a sigmoid function with a least-squares approach. A classification tree is then used to relate the metric variables to urban land-use classes selected from the European MOLAND topology. This approach shows promising results, but still needs improvement which may be achieved by including spatially explicit metrics in the analysis.
Dominant congenital deafness and progressive optic nerve atrophy. Occurrence in four generations of a family.

Six persons in four generations had congenital severe deafness and progressive mid-life visual failure. The 53-year-old proposita and her 9-year-old son had severe neural hearing loss and optic nerve atrophy; the latter was more severe in the mother. Her visual acuity was 20/80 in each eye, while her son's visual acuity was normal. No other cause for the hearing or visual loss could be found except heredity. The proposita's father was congenitally deaf, and at the age of 68, he had progressive visual loss, with optic atrophy. Family history showed that the proposita's two paternal aunts and paternal grandmother had this same syndrome. The syndrome, transmitted by dominant mode; is unique and distinct from other familial syndromes of visual and hearing loss, including those described by Usher, Refsum, Alstrom, Cockayne, Norrie, Small, Sylvester, Rosenberg and Chutorian, and Tunbridge and Paley.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the human heart: expression and localization in congestive heart failure.

The inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS or NOS2) generates a prolonged release of large amounts of NO which may be cytotoxic and/or inhibit myocyte contractility. It has been suggested that this mechanism specifically contributes to heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). To test this hypothesis we compared the myocardial amount and localization of iNOS in myocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure caused by either DCM or ischemic heart disease (IHD). During heart transplantation, myocardial biopsies collected from the diseased heart after explantation were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Twenty-two patients in NYHA class III-IV were included (DCM: n = 8; IHD: n = 14). In each biopsy, iNOS expression was assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and visualized by immunohistochemistry. iNOS was detected in all biopsies. Intriguingly, the amount of iNOS mRNA (shown as iNOS cDNA normalized to GADPH cDNA) did not differ significantly between the two groups (DCM 30 +/- 7; IHD 20 +/- 6, mean +/- S.E.M., P > 0.05). Similarly, no inter-group differences in the amount of iNOS protein (Western) were observed. iNOS was invariably located to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In addition, an iNOS reaction in relation to the myocyte membrane was found in 4 of the 22 patients. These four patients (two from each group) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher iNOS/GADPH ratios (54 +/- 20) than patients without myocyte membrane iNOS reaction (17 +/- 15). In conclusion, iNOS is expressed in the myocardium of all patients with heart failure caused by either DCM or IHD. iNOS is located primarily and invariably in the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells of the myocardial vasculature and its expression appears to be associated with the condition of heart failure per se rather than related to the heart failure etiology.
Quantitative Evaluation of Hybrid Aspen Xylem and Immunolabeling Patterns Using Image Analysis and Multivariate Statistics

In this study we present a method for quantitative evaluation of hybrid aspen genotypes xylem morphology and immunolabeling microdistribution. The method is based on image analysis and multivariate statistical evaluation of light and immunofluorescence microscopy images of wood xylem cross sections. The selected immunolabeling antibodies targeted five different epitopes present in the aspen xylem cell walls. Twelve down-regulated hybrid aspen genotypes have been included in the method development. The twelve knock-down genotypes were selected based on pre-screening by pyrolysis-IR of global chemical content. The multivariate statistical evaluations successfully identified comparative trends for modifications in the down-regulated genotypes compared to the unmodified control, even when no definitive conclusions could be drawn from individual studied variables alone. Of the twelve genotypes analysed, three genotypes showed significant trends for modification in both morphology and immunolabeling. Six genotypes showed significant trends for modification in either morphology or immunocoverage. The remaining three genotypes did not show any significant trends for modification.
Metal-Incorporated Mesoporous Silicates: Tunable Catalytic Properties and Applications

A relatively new class of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous silicates, KIT-6, incorporated with Earth-abundant metals such as Zr, Nb, and W (termed as M-KIT-6), show remarkable tunability of acidity and metal dispersion depending on the metal content, type, and synthetic method. The metal-incorporation is carried out using one-pot synthesis procedures that are amenable to easy scale-up. By such tuning, M-KIT-6 catalysts are shown to provide remarkable activity and selectivity in industrially-significant reactions, such as alcohol dehydration, ethylene epoxidation, and metathesis of 2-butene and ethylene. We review how the catalytic properties of M-KIT-6 materials may be tailored depending on the application to optimize performance.
Optimal load distribution for two industrial robots handling a single object

The load distribution problem for two coordinating industrial robots handling a single object is studied. When two industrial robots grasp a single object, the total number of degrees of freedom is usually greater than six. Thus, the joint torques of two robots for a required motion of the object is not unique. The redundant degrees of freedom may be used to optimize certain kind of performance. The least energy consumption is selected as the optimization criterion. Optimal algorithms without and with a bound on the joint torques are investigated. The results show that the algorithms are computationally complicated and not suitable for real-time applications. Alternatively, optimal algorithms are proposed for load distribution with minimum exerted forces on the object. These algorithms require less computational time, which makes them attractive for real-time applications. <<ETX>>
On the influence of environment gases, relative humidity and gas purification on dielectric charging/discharging processes in electrostatically driven MEMS/NEMS devices

In this paper, we investigate the impact of environment gases and relative humidity on dielectric charging phenomenon in electrostatically actuated micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). The research is based on surface potential measurements using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride films were investigated in view of applications in electrostatic capacitive RF MEMS switches. Charges were injected through the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, and the induced surface potential was measured using KPFM. Experiments have been performed in air and in nitrogen environments, both under different relative humidity levels ranging from 0.02% to 40%. The impact of oxygen gas and hydrocarbon contaminants has been studied for the first time by using different gas purifiers in both air and nitrogen lines. Voltage pulses with different bias amplitudes have been applied during the charge injection step under all investigated environmental conditions in order to investigate the effect of bias amplitude. The investigation reveals a deeper understanding of charging and discharging processes and could further lead to improved operating environment conditions in order to minimize the dielectric charging. Finally, the nanoscale KPFM results obtained in this study show a good correlation with the device level measurements for capacitive MEMS switches reported in the literature.
UNDERSTANDING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL EDUCATION AND USE OF HEALTH SERVICES IN GHANA: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF HEALTH KNOWLEDGE

Summary This paper examines the role of health knowledge in the association between mothers' education and use of maternal and child health services in Ghana. The study uses data from a nationally representative sample of female respondents to the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Ordered probit regression models evaluate whether women's health knowledge helps to explain use of three specific maternal and child health services: antenatal care, giving birth with the supervision of a trained professional and complete child vaccination. The analyses reveal that mothers' years of formal education are strongly associated with health knowledge; health knowledge helps explain the association between maternal education and use of health services; and, net of a set of stringent demographic and socioeconomic controls, mothers' health knowledge is a key factor associated with use of health services.