Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description and evaluation of the Diat-HadOCC model v1.0: the ocean biogeochemical component of HadGEM2-ES

Abstract. The Diat-HadOCC model (version 1.0) is presented. A simple marine ecosystem model with coupled equations representing the marine carbon cycle, it formed the ocean biogeochemistry sub-model in the Met Office's HadGEM2-ES Earth system model. The equations are presented and described in full, along with the underlying assumptions, and particular attention is given to how they were implemented for the CMIP5 simulations. Results from the CMIP5 historical simulation (particularly those for the simulated 1990s) are shown and compared to data: dissolved nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon, as well as biological components, productivity and fluxes. Where possible, the amplitude and phase of the predicted seasonal cycle are evaluated. Since the model was developed to explore and predict the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystem and marine carbon cycle, the response of the model to the RCP8.5 future scenario is also shown. While the model simulates the historical and current global annual mean air–sea CO2 flux well and is consistent with other modelling studies about how that flux will change under future scenarios, several of the ecosystem metrics are less well simulated. The total chlorophyll is higher than observations, while the primary productivity is just below the estimated range. In the CMIP5 simulations certain parameter choices meant that the diatoms and the misc-phytoplankton state variables behave more similarly than they should, and the surface dissolved silicate concentration drifts to excessively high levels. The main structural problem with the model is shown to be the iron sub-model.
Application of Mobile Technology in Virtual Communities with Information of Conflict-Affected Areas

Virtual communities are groups or organizations that have common interests and objectives and develop strategies to reach those goals. There is a range of organizations which have expertise that have been documented over the years, related to conflict areas (Universities, NGOs, governments, etc.). Many of these organizations have put their expertise in digital media that can be accessed by its members through technology platforms, many of them online. The collection process is expensive and their expertise is largely difficult to access because of the nature of conflict in the territories. Also in many cases there is no information related to these areas or no information is known about them; is also true that organizations that have such information do not possess adequate technological tools to share with others. The information in conflict areas is useful for decision making, to generate public policies for the control and humanitarian support, and diversity of
Hemolysis and Rhabdomyolysis after Marathon and Long Distance Running

Introduction: Hemolysis and rhabdomyolysis may result from prolonged physical activity such as long distance running and marathon. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the extent of cell damages after 42 km and 180 km of running, and to elucidate possible mechanisms of the membrane damage. The aim of this study was also to examine the effect of a simple dietary supplementation of antioxidative substances such as vitamin E, selenium and zinc. Method: A 41-year-old female schoolteacher ran continuously for 24 hours, achieving a total running distance of about 180 km. A group of well trained marathon athletes, 60 men and 10 women with a median age of 36 years, participated in the Beito Marathon in Norway. A smaller group of less trained people, 19 men and 4 women was also followed during the same marathon. Results: The hemolysis associated with marathon involved the apparent release of less than 250 mg hemoglobin per liter into plasma, whereas the 180 km run appeared to induce at least 20 times more hemolysis. The maximum values of re- leased muscle enzymes after 180 km (CK 20.000 U/l), were several orders of magnitude higher than after marathon (CK 416 U/l). Furthermore, the prolonged physical exercise evoked a substantial inflammatory response. Discussion: Mechanical factors alone may cause cell damage, but we hypothesized a contributory role of cellular forma- tion of free oxygen radicals. Moderate doses of vitamin E and selenium given to well trained marathon runners appeared to exert only negligible protective effects, either because the initiating membrane lesion is not directly related to oxidative stress, or because the training itself represented a much stronger antioxidant protection. However, the extensive membrane damages observed in the ultra marathon phase (42 to 182 km) may be accelerated by a collapse of endogenous antioxi- dants. Thus, although glutathione (GSH) peroxidase appears to operate adequately for several hours of exercise in well trained individuals, it is tempting to presume an ongoing GSH depletion in the 42-to-182 km phase. Conclusion: Systematic training and a balanced diet prior to long distance running and marathon may protect the body from organ disturbances in marathoners and ultra marathoners.
Speech Recognition Using Neural Networks: A Review

In this review paper firstly we will look after the types of neural networks and their introduction. Also the hybrid architecture of HMM and NN is also studied. Developments in the field of neural network will be discussed. Deep neural networks are mostly used for ASR systems. They give better performance as compare to traditional GMM. When used in hybrid architecture with HMM, deep neural networks give better performance as compared to HMM-GMM system.
2D-3D Registration of Vascular Images

Angiographic imaging is a widely used monitoring tool for minimally invasive vascular treatment and pathology access. Especially in deforming abdominal areas, the registration of pre- and intraoperative image data is still an unsolved problem, but important in several aspects. In particular, treatment time and radiation exposure to patient and physician can be significantly reduced with the resulting 2D-3D data fusion. The focus of this work is to provide methods for the registration of 2D vascular images acquired by a stationary C-arm to preoperative 3D angiographic Computed Tomography (CT) volumes, in order to improve the workflow of catheterized liver tumor treatments. Fast and robust vessel segmentation techniques are used to prepare the necessary graph data structures for a successful alignment. Here, we introduce restricted correspondence selection and iterative feature space correction to drive the proposed rigid-body algorithms to global and accurate solutions. Moreover, it is shown for the first time that the assignment of natural constraints on vessel structures allows for a successful recovery of a 3D non-rigid transformation despite a single-view scenario. Based on these results, novel volumetric visualization and roadmapping techniques are developed in order to resolve interventional problems of reduced depth perception, blind navigation, and motion blur.
A Flow-Based Deep Latent Variable Model for Speech Spectrogram Modeling and Enhancement

This article describes a deep latent variable model of speech power spectrograms and its application to semi-supervised speech enhancement with a deep speech prior. By integrating two major deep generative models, a variational autoencoder (VAE) and a normalizing flow (NF), in a mutually-beneficial manner, we formulate a flexible latent variable model called the NF-VAE that can extract low-dimensional latent representations from high-dimensional observations, akin to the VAE, and does not need to explicitly represent the distribution of the observations, akin to the NF. In this article, we consider a variant of NF called the generative flow (GF a.k.a. Glow) and formulate a latent variable model called the GF-VAE. We experimentally show that the proposed GF-VAE is better than the standard VAE at capturing fine-structured harmonics of speech spectrograms, especially in the high-frequency range. A similar finding is also obtained when the GF-VAE and the VAE are used to generate speech spectrograms from latent variables randomly sampled from the standard Gaussian distribution. Lastly, when these models are used as speech priors for statistical multichannel speech enhancement, the GF-VAE outperforms the VAE and the GF.
The Reality of Teaching Large Groups of Local and International Business Students to Develop End-User Applications

There has been a significant change in the needs of our undergraduate business students in the last few years as more and more business graduates are developing PC applications for their own use or that of their department or organisation. The traditional business computer literacy subject that covers an introduction to hardware and software is no longer sufficient to meet the needs of many business graduates but neither is there always scope, or need, for business undergraduates to undertake the depth of learning offered to information systems and computing undergraduates. There is ample evidence to suggest that businesses are only just realising the cost to them of business graduates developing applications. This paper discusses a new subject designed to provide students not only with the practical skills necessary to build a small-scale database using a 4GL but also to recognise the wider departmental and organisational issues related to end-user development of applications. The paper explores the subject design and how the subject was delivered to 400 onshore and offshore students.
Fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Malabungot Protected Landscape and Seascape

Coral reef fish community is one of the most diverse group of organisms with a vital role in the overall reef function. There is a scarcity of data on comprehensive assessment especially in fish assemblage. This paper was conducted to establish benchmark data as a basis for measuring the management effort of MPLS. The study specifically aims to determine the biomass, diversity, and density of fish species and assess its status. Coral reef fishes in the MPAs were identified using Fish Visual Census Method (FVC). Results showed that despite its declaration as a protected area, the fish species diversity (FS 39 species/250 mà no. of species/1000 m: SS 69 species/ 400m à no. of species/1000 m). and density (FS 720 ind/ 1000 m yielded; SS 748 individuals/1000 m) showed “very poor and moderate” condition at two different sampling periods, respectively. Average biomass is 10.27 kg/1000 m, which is under moderate status. Target fish species contributed high percentage of the total biomass. High abundance of Pomacentrids was observed, indicating less density of top predators that declined first following intense fishing pressure. Target fishes highly contributed to the total biomass of the reef fishes, however, non-target species dominate. Coral reef area was impacted by extensive sedimentation affecting coral reef and the reef fishes and other resident macroinvertebrates. Poor species diversity with moderately dense population and biomass may indicate disturbed habitat. There’s a need for a long-term protection and a well-managed MPA to improve fish diversity, density and biomass specifically, target fish species.
Effects of Continuous Training Programme on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of Young Female Adult University Students in Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of continuous training on TG, (Triglycerides) TC, (Total Cholesterol) LDL-C (Low Density LipoproteinCholesterol) and HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) of healthy young female adult University students in Nigeria. A total of 32 volunteer female subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Group (1) was continuous training group with 16 female subjects; Group (2) was control group with 16 female subjects. All the subjects were tested for serum TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C before starting the training. These tests were repeated on all the subjects after 12 weeks of training. The subjects for continuous training group underwent their training protocols for 30 minutes in each training session, 3 training sessions on alternate days per week for 12 weeks. The data thus collected were analyzed using one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the mean effects of the training protocols and interaction of training on serum TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. The result showed significant decrease in serum TG, TC, and LDL-C due to 12 weeks continuous training TG (7.36%)), TC (7.12%), LDL-C ((14.2%)) and significant increase in HDL-C (13.5%) for female subjects. It was concluded that, continuous training conducted for 30 minutes or above per session for 3 sessions on alternate days of a week at moderate intensity cause significant decrease in serum TG, TC, LDL-C and significant increase in HDL-C in young female adults. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended that continuous training programme at moderate intensity (30 60% vo2max) should be followed at least for 12 weeks to produce desired favourable modification in lipids and lipoproteins of young female adults in Nigeria.
COMPARATIVE PATHOGENICITY OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI AGAINST DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES WIDELY CULTIVATED IN MOROCCO

The pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani isolates derived from strawberry plants was evaluated against ten crops mostly grown into or closely to strawberry plantation areas plots. 13 weeks after inoculation, strawberry plants showed symptoms when they were inoculated by making collar injury using wooden toothpick whereas those inoculated by using root dip didn’t be affected. 20 days after inoculation, different levels of infection were observed in plants of the other species with more susceptibility of tomato, eggplant, green bean and lettuce plants followed by those of pepper, cucumber while the rice, watermelon and zucchini were the least. The most pathogenic R. solani isolates were R1 and R2 inducing symptoms on the roots, stems and leaves. In the presence of both isolates, the severity index reached 100% in eggplant and 91.66% in tomato. They altered seriously tomato and eggplant stems with severity notes of 3.66 and 2.33, respectively. Moreover, a weak root development was observed reaching a note of 0.33 (tomato) and 0 (eggplant). The vigor of the affected plants estimated by the fresh, dry weight and the length of aerial and underground parts decreased significantly compared to the control. In fact, R1 and R2 isolates reduced the height of the aerial part of the eggplant to 0 cm causing their death one week after the inoculation. That of tomato was 1.3 cm compared to the control (25.3 cm) Similarly, in lettuce and green bean, the reduction of growth parameters was moderate to significant varying respectively from 3 to 10 cm and 3.33 to 14.6 cm compared to controls, respectively 21.3 and 23 cm. The lowest re-isolation percentage of R. solani was (20%) noted for H1 from strawberry not wounded and zucchini and the highest (100%) was recorded by R1 recovered from eggplant, Zucchini and lettuce as well as for R2 re-isolated from lettuce and eggplant. From the soil of all plants species culture artificially inoculated, the re-isolation percentage was greater than 52%.
Cardiomyopathies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Hypertensive Heart Disease (Cardiomyopathy), Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is an important cause of cardiac-related morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Dilated cardiomyopathy is responsible for 20–30% of adult heart failure (HF) in the region. It is only second to hypertensive heart disease as etiological risk factor for HF in many parts of the continent. The aim of the chapter is to review the current epidemiology, clinical features, management, and prognosis of hypertensive heart disease, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and HIV-associated cardiomyopathy in subSaharan Africa.
Network analysis of countries’ partnership in European sports programs: Erasmus+ sport

In the present work, data analysis of Erasmus+ Sport programs was performed using Network Theory. Funding amounts and partner countries per program are the information of the target data. Developing a Python-based program, a network of countries' partnerships has been developed to examine whether specific countries cooperate more frequently, and which countries participate in more Erasmus+ Sport programs. Thus, some basic indicators of centrality from network theory were calculated, which are presented together with their mathematical interpretation. It has also been studied whether the number of a country's participation in these programs is affected by its economic or social national characteristics. Specifically, GDP, happiness and education indexes are all examined if they affect a country's participation. Finally, given how the funding amount of a program is split between the partner countries, the total amount of funding received by each country for the period 2014-2018 was calculated.
Efficient Group Signature Schemes for Large Groups

1 I n t r o d u c t i o n A group signature scheme allows members of a group to sign messages on behalf of the group. Signatures can be verified with respect to a single group public key, but they do not reveal the identity of the signer. Furthermore, it is not possible to decide whether two signatures have been issued by the same group member. However, there exists a designated group manager who can, in case of a later dispute, open signatures, i.e., reveal the identity of the signer. Group signatures could for instance be used by a company for authenticating price lists, press releases, or digital contracts. The customers need to know only a single company public key to verify signatures. The company can hide any internal organizational structures and responsibilities, but still can find out which employee (i.e., group member) has signed a particular document. The concept of group signatures was introduced by Chaum and van Heyst [11] and they also proposed the first realizations. Improved solutions were later presented by Chen and Pedersen [12], Camenisch [7], and Petersen [22]. However, all previously proposed solutions have the following undesirable properties: the length of the group's public key and /or the size of a signature depends on the size of the group. This is very problematic for large groups. to add new group members, it is necessary to modify at least the public key. In this paper we present the first efficient group signature schemes which overcome these problems 1. The lengths of the public key and of the signatures 1 The only previously proposed schemes with fixed size public keys [21,17] were broken.
BiTE-T:A novel gene-editing T cell for solid tumor therapy

[摘 要] 以嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)为代表的基因编辑T细胞在血液肿瘤中取得了卓越的成效,并逐渐应用在肿瘤的临 床治疗中。 2017年,先后有两款针对血液肿瘤的CAR-T细胞产品在美国获批上市,越来越广泛地应用在于实体肿瘤的治疗。 但 是利用CAR-T技术治疗实体瘤却遇到一些困境,实体瘤特有的微环境和表面肿瘤抗原的限制导致CAR-T细胞治疗效果并不理 想,脱靶效应造成的细胞毒性更为棘手。 针对这一问题,越来越多的研究人员开始探索新型的基因编辑T细胞用于实体瘤的治 疗,其中双特异性T细胞衔接子基因编辑的T细胞(BiTE-T)在体外评估以及体内动物模型中展现出高效的抗肿瘤效果引起了高 度关注。 本文主要论述目前实体瘤治疗面临的困境以及BiTE-T细胞制备的原理、特点和应用于实体瘤治疗的优势。 [关键词] 肿瘤免疫治疗;实体瘤;BiTE-T;CAR-T [中图分类号] R730.51 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1007-385X(2019)07-0725-05
Frequency of Hypercholesterolemia in Recent Onset Type – 2 Diabetics with Microalbuminuria

Abstract Amongst diabetes, type 2 diabetes encompasses more than 80% and even higher percentage is present in un-industrialized countries. Kidney disease in diabetic patients is clinically characterized by increasing rates of urinary albumin excretion, starting from no albuminuria, which progresses to microalbuminuria, macro-albuminuria and eventually to End Stage Renal Disease. Dyslipidemia is observed in patients with DM and microalbuminuria. Total cholesterol increases significantly with albuminuria. Objectives: Frequency of hypercholesterolemia in recent onset type-2 diabetics with microalbuminuria. Methodology: The study was conducted in Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Services Hospital Lahore. Study was conducted and completed over a period of six months from 15 th September 2014 to 15 th March 2015. It was a cross sectional survey with non-probability, purposive sampling technique. 200 patients fulfilling the criteria were enrolled. Informed consent was obtained. Demographic information of each patient was noted. Urine was obtained and samples were sent to the laboratory of the hospital and reports were assessed. If the value of albumin is raised in urine analysis (as per operational definition) then albuminuria was labeled. In patients who were diagnosed as with albuminuria, total cholesterol was noted. If cholesterol was > 240 mg/dl, then hypercholesterolemia was labeled by researcher himself. Conclusion: The results of the study conclude that frequency of microalbuminuria among patients of newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic mellitus is in agreement with other studies while the frequency of hyper-cholesterolemia in patients with microalbuminuria was also recorded higher which needs special physicians attention for its timely management so that patients can be prevented from severe cardio vascular morbidi-ties and mortality.
Specifying the Trade and Financial Channels of External Adjustment in Emerging and Frontier Market Economies

Less advanced economies have long been considered as less prone to external shocks in the international economics literature. However, increasing financialization and trade interlinkages—especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)—are creating countryspecific exposures to external shocks. These spill-overs have evolved over time in their relevance and how they impact these economies, including their external financial position. It remains to be seen how effective national macroeconomic policies towards these shocks fair. This paper identifies contemporary vulnerabilities and associated policy implications for emerging and frontier economies in Africa. Specifically, the paper emphasizes the heterogeneity of these countries by their trade composition (e.g resource intensity) and financial profile (e.g composition of financial flows) to study how external shocks are transmitted through trade and financial channels. Given the compelling evidence in the literature that there is “no one size fits all” policy response for small open economies, this study speaks to the growing institutional capacity and relevance of central banking in Africa, and contributes to an emergent literature on the trade and financial channels of external adjustment.
Classification of Natural Events Using Music Genre

This project’s aim is to study the similarity between the music genre and the human voice in real world scenario. We have used the music genre as a scale to measure the tones, tempo and loudness of human interactions. The main reason to use music as a proxy for categorizing the human voice is the lack of any data set of such a kind. Also, its very difficult to categorize different human voice interactions with varying accent, tone and loudness into some well-defined classes. Whereas music is well categorized covering a wide variety of sounds from very low to very high tempo, loudness or pitch. Getting categorized music is also a fair and straightforward way, as we covered nine genres of music to build our pseudo scale. The pseudo scale would be used as a proxy to segregate various interactions among human beings. Our hypothesis is that loud voices will be correlated with music genres such as ROCK, POP or HIP-HOP genres and simple conversations with moderate voices would be associated with genres such as BLUES, LATIN or COUNTRY. The project can be used in various ways such as building a mood detector on top of this pseudo scale to automate the music genre selection, building a security system where the microphone installed in the CCTV cameras can be used to pin-point the places where some altercation is going on in a huge compound. The