Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and analysis of turbulence models for flows with strong curvature and rotation

An explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EARSM) based ona pressure strain rate model including terms tensoriallynonlinear in the mean velocity gradients is developed in orderto improve predictions for . ows with strong curvature and/orrotation. This work has been carried out in the context of acollaborative international project on high-lift aerodynamics.For 2D mean . ows the nonlinear terms can easily be accountedfor in the model formulation. This is not the case for 3D mean.ows and approximations making the 2D and 3D mean . owformulations consistent are suggested. The proposed EARSM, theparent-EARSM and the corresponding di.erential Reynolds stressmodels (DRSM) are tested for spanwise rotating channel . ow andaxially rotating pipe . ow. The model predictions are comparedto experimental and DNS data. The nonlinear extensions areshown to have a signi.cant e.ect on the . ow predictions,somewhat less pronounced for the DRSM though. The turbulentdi.usion modelling in the EARSM computations is important forthe rotating pipe. It is shown that by using a Daly and Harlowdi.usion model, turbulence levels in good agreement withexperiments and DRSM can be achieved. However, by using asimpler e.ective eddy viscosity based di.usion model theturbulence kinetic energy levels are drastically overpredicted.Finally the proposed EARSM is tested on a standard high-liftcon.guration. The EARSM predictions are compared withexperiments and the predictions made by the standard K - ωtwo-equation model. Descriptors:Turbulence model, nonlinear modelling,streamline curvature, high-lift aerodynamics.
Dynamic Scheduling Framework to Overcome Deficiency of Skilled Workers

Substantial investments in infrastructure world over and rapid advancement in construction technology has created acute shortage of skilled workers. The skill deficiency gets aggravated further due to absenteeism, migration, etc. In practice, i t was observed that there exist several partially trained semi-skilled workers having expertise in one or more trade. Using these semi-skilled workers as substitute can address the shortage of skilled workers to some extent. On the contrary, skilled workers alone are considered while planning and scheduling in most of the construction projects. Here, the potential capability of these partially trained workers remains unexploited because of their default grouping with unskilled workers. The root cause of this skill treatment can be the absence of standardised system of screening and classification of workers into di fferent skill category as highly skilled, skilled, semi -skilled, or unskilled and the ambiguity in updating or maintaining the worker’s database. Hence, the objective of the present study is to review the “skill” levels and the worker’s skill utilization to the maximum extent possible. To achieve this , a framework has been proposed to generate worker’s multi skill database (WMSD) and dynamic scheduling to address the uncertainty caused by deficit of skilled workers.
Measurement of Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in $\pi^0$ Production from $p^{\uparrow}+p$ and $p^{\uparrow}+A$ Collisions at STAR

In 2015 the first collisions between polarized protons and nuclei occurred at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Comparisons between spin asymmetries and cross-sections in $p+p$ production to those in $p+A$ production provide insight into nuclear structure, namely nuclear modification factors, nuclear dependence of spin asymmetries, and comparison to models with saturation effects. The transverse single-spin asymmetry, $A_{N}$, has been measured in $\pi^{0}$ production in the STAR Forward Meson Spectrometer (FMS), an electromagnetic calorimeter covering a forward psuedorapidity range of $2.6<\eta<4$. Within this kinematic range, STAR has previously reported the persistence of large $\pi^0$ asymmetries with unexpected dependences on $p_T$ and event topology in $p+p$ collisions. This talk will compare these dependences to those in $p+A$ production.
Shock waves standing in the middle‐ and high‐latitude magnetosheath from global MHD simulations

Standing shock waves (SSWs) are found to exist in the middle-and high-latitude magnetosheath through the global magnetohydrodynamic simulations. There are two (or one) SSWs for constant northward (or southward) interplanetary magnetic field (IMF); they extend into the magnetosheath region and further interact with the bow shock. Because of the extension of SSWs into the interplanetary space, especially when IMF turns southward, an indented bow shock emerges in front of the magnetosphere. The SSWs are excited by the indentations of the magnetopause in the supermagnetosonic solar wind flows in the magnetosheath; for northward IMF, one of the indentations is located in the cusp region and the other corresponds to the neutral point in the tailward of the cusp; for southward IMF, the indentation simply locates in the cusp region. We examine the Rankine-Hugoniot relations across the shock fronts and find the numerical model results are consistent with theoretical predictions.
Habitat association among Amazonian tree species: a landscape‐scale approach

1 Unravelling which factors affect where tropical trees grow is an important goal for ecologists and conservationists. At the landscape scale, debate is mostly focused on the degree to which the distributions of tree species are determined by soil conditions or by neutral, distance‐dependent processes. Problems with spatial autocorrelation, sparse soil sampling, inclusion of species‐poor sites with extreme edaphic conditions, and the difficulty of obtaining sufficient sample sizes have all complicated assessments for high diversity tropical forests. 2 We evaluated the extent and pervasiveness of habitat association of trees within a 10 000 km2 species‐rich lowland landscape of uniform climate in south‐west Amazonia. Forests growing on two non‐flooded landscape units were inventoried using 88 floristic plots and detailed soil analyses, sampling up to 849 tree species. We applied single‐species and community‐level analytical techniques (frequency‐distributions of presence records, association analysis, indicator species analysis, ordination, Mantel correlations, and multiple regression of distance matrices) to quantify soil/floristic relationships while controlling for spatial autocorrelation. 3 Obligate habitat‐restriction is very rare: among 230 tree species recorded in ≥ 10 localities only five (2.2%) were always restricted to one landscape unit or the other. 4 However, many species show a significant tendency to habitat association. For example, using Monte Carlo randomization tests, of the 34 most dominant species across the landscape the distributions of 26 (76.5%) are significantly related to habitat. We applied density‐independent and frequency‐independent estimates of habitat association and found that rarer species tend to score higher, suggesting that our full community estimates of habitat association are still underestimated due to the inadequate sampling of rarer species. 5 Community‐level floristic variation across the whole landscape is related to the variation in 14 of 16 measured soil variables, and to the geographical distances between samples. 6 Multiple regression of distance matrices shows that 10% of the floristic variation can be attributed to spatial autocorrelation, but even after accounting for this at least 40% is attributable to measured environmental variation. 7 Our results suggest that substrate‐mediated local processes play a much more important role than distance‐dependent processes in structuring forest composition in Amazonian landscapes.
Structural analysis, metamorphism, and geochemistry of the Archean granitoids-greenstones of the Sukumaland Greenstone Belt around Geita Hills, Northern Tanzania

Greenstone rocks, which include Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), tuffs, volcanic flows (basalt, andesite and rhyolite), and clastic sedimentary rocks (shale-mudstone, greywacke-sandstone and conglomerate), crop out around Geita Hills and are flanked by granites and granodiorites. BIFs and tuffs occupy larger area than other lithological units, which crop out as patches. Structural analysis indicates that layers of green-stone rocks are folded and display a regional fold axis with an attitude of 320o/40o. Low-grade metamorphic mineral assemblages (actinolite-epidote-chlorite in basalts and muscovite-epidote-chlorite in granitoids) are common in these rocks; this indicates a regional metamorphism at greenschist facies. However, BIFs and basalts are locally metamorphosed to epidote-amphibolite and amphibolite facies. Basalts belong to the tholeiite series whereas granites, diorites and rhyolites belong to the calcalkaline series. Chondrite normalized rare earth element pattern of basalt is flat and plot slightly below the average N-MORB values suggesting the enrichment of the light rare earth elements, which means that mantle magma source was an E-MORB. Granitoids and rhyolites have strong affinities to the continental arc source magma displaying strong enrichments in the LREEs with (La/Sm)N values ranging between 2.53 and 3.95 in rhyolites and between 4.08 and 5.40 in granitoids. The granitoids are classified as the I-type synorogenic metaluminous granites and granodiorites. Geochemical signatures suggest that the Geita Hills basalts erupted at the enriched mid ocean ridge setting of the back arc setting, and the granites, granodiorite and rhyolite formed in a volcanic arc setting particularly the continental arc.
Bringing Discourse Ethics to Value Sensitive Design: Pathways toward a Deliberative Future

Value Sensitive Design (VSD) is a comprehensive framework for advancing a value-centered research and design agenda. It provides methods for producing and evaluating a design outcome by taking human values into account. Drawing on discourse ethics, this paper first critically analyzes the status quo in VSD and identifies some gaps. These mainly concern the lack of explicit methods for supporting a deliberative and legitimate process of decision making with respect to many concerns, including the identification of stakeholders, the legitimation of common design communication, the justification of trade-offs and/or a common regulation in case of competing or incommensurable values, as well as the deliberativeness of other design decisions such as the selection of design goals and means. In addition, this paper suggests ways to move VSD toward the standards of discourse ethics by drawing on the knowledge base of critical research in the Information Systems field. In particular, the suggestions concern the inclusion of a practical method for boundary critique and different types of discourses and principles as well as discourse support methods and tools for structuring participation in a way that allows participants to deal with the plurality of values, norms, goals and means deliberatively. Finally, this paper revisits a VSD case and explores the applicability of the ideas suggested.
High performance workplaces and skill development: Updating the map of the territory

The impact of High Performance Workplace Systems (HPWS) on workers and unions is a contentious area for debate in the fields of industrial relations and social science in general. Proponents of HPWS claim that one of the benefits for workers is that they enable workers to develop and raise their skill levels. This paper offers a preliminary evaluation of that claim by sketching an updated map of the territory. It concludes that the HPWS literature contains significant weaknesses concerning the definition of skill in explaining what skill development means for workers, individually and collectively.
A Survey on musical instrument Raag detection

There are several research work is in progress in the direction of raag detection. Ragas are specific to the time of the day and it generates a specific sentiment only when played at the right time. It is the unique sequence in music which comprises of five to nine musical notes in melodic music. It depends on the pitch of musical notes and the mood in which they are conveyed rather than the sequence of notes. Its accurate detection is helpful in generating correct and accurate raag with the different musical instrument. There are several obstacles in accurate raag detection technique. The major challenges are the complex parameters like pitch and mood in the music, skipping extra tones, conversion of different data attributes and raag tempo. In this paper a study and analysis have been presented to stumble the gaps and finding the advantages of the previous approaches. The previous research suggests supervised and unsupervised learning both for raag detection. So this paper included the methods from above two for comparison. This study shows that the supervised learning is capable in improving the detection
Investigating the Relationship between Playing Violent Video Games and Viewing Violent TV Programmes and Aggressive Behaviour Among Pre-Teens Kong

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the playing of violent video games and the viewing of violent TV programmes and aggressive behaviour among pre-teens. According to McGahee, Kemp and Tingen (2000), pre-teens referred to preadolescent children who are usually between 9 and 12 years of age. A total of 450 pre-teens aged 11 were randomly selected from nine schools in the state of Selangor, Malaysia, to participate in this study. This study employed a correlation research design and the data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to address the research objectives. The data were analysed to identify the top 10 favourite video games played by pre-teens in this study. Eight out of 10 video games played by pre-teens were found to be violent in nature. In addition, the top 10 favourite violent TV programmes viewed by pre-teens in this study were also identified. Findings from this study showed that there was a significant difference in the mean score of playing violent video games [t(257)=6.979, p<0.01] and viewing violent TV programmes [t(440)=3.544, p<0.01) between boys and girls who participated in the study. Moreover, the results from this study revealed there was a significant and positive relationship between playing violent video games (r=0.167, p<0.01), viewing violent TV programmes (r=0.126, p=0.000) and aggressive behaviour demonstrated by pre-teens. Multiple regression analysis showed that 39.4% of the variances in pre-teen physical aggression could be explained by both the playing of violent video games and the viewing of violent TV programmes, with the playing of violent video games as a stronger predictor of physical aggressive behaviour in pre-teens (β=0.238, p=0.025).
Field emission from single and few-layer graphene flakes

We report the observation and characterization of field emission current from individual single- and few-layer graphene flakes laid on a flat SiO2/Si substrate. Measurements were performed in a scanning electron microscope chamber equipped with nanoprobes which allowed local measurement of the field emission current. We achieved field emission currents up to 1 μA from the flat part of graphene flakes at applied fields of few hundred volt per micrometer. We found that the emission process is stable over a period of several hours and that it is well described by a Fowler–Nordheim model for currents over five orders of magnitude.
The relative importance of physiological and behavioral adaptation in diving endotherms: a case study with great cormorants

Extensive morphological and physiological adjustments are assumed to underpin the adaptations of diving birds to high thermoregulatory costs. However, the role of behavioral adaptations has received little consideration. We have assessed the relative importance of physiological and behavioral adjustments in aquatic endotherms by studying the case of the poorly insulated great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in two contrasting thermal environments: Normandy (water temperature 12°C) and Greenland (water temperature 5°C). Major differences were found in the feeding behavior of birds breeding in the two regions. Greenland birds showed a 70% reduction in time spent swimming relative to those in Normandy. Reduction in Greenland was achieved first by reducing time spent on the surface between dives and secondly by returning to land in between intensive bouts of diving. Total daily energy intake of cormorants was similar in both areas but prey capture rates in Greenland were 150% higher than those in Normandy. Our study shows that in a cold foraging environment, poorly insulated great cormorants significantly increase their foraging efficiency. To do this they rely on ecological adaptive patterns (minimization of time spent swimming in cold water and increased prey capture rates) far more than physiological adaptations (minimizing instantaneous costs). This finding supports predictions by Gremillet and Wilson (1999) that great cormorants can cope with a wide range of abiotic parameters despite their morphological handicaps, provided they can adjust their distribution to exploit dense prey patches.
An overview on strawberry [Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier] wine production technology, composition, maturation and quality evaluation.

Strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier is an important fruit of family Rosaceae, occupies an important place among the small fruit plants and is grown throughout the world. Deep red in colour with a unique shape, highly perishable fruit has a pleasant flavour. It is rich in vitamin C, sugar, organic acids, anthocyanin, phosphorus, iron, other minerals, vitamins, etc. and its flavour is characterized as fruity, sweet and tart. It is utilized for the production of purees, juice concentrate, juice, jams, preserves and rose red wine. Different methods used to make wine are carbonic maceration, on the skin fermentation and thermovinification. Thermovinification method produces the wine of better quality than the others. The cultivars evaluated for wine production are: 'Chandler', 'Doughlas', 'Camarosa', 'Elsanta', 'Polka' and 'Tenira'. Wines from 'Camarosa' cultivar are found to have many desirable characteristics such as esters, optimum acidity, redder colour units, alcohol and total phenols, while 'Chandler' cultivar had higher amount of ethyl alcohol, more phenols, anthocyanin than other cultivars. The method of vinification has influenced the phenolic content. Different phenolic compounds identified by TLC in wines from all the strawberry cultivars are catechin, epicatechin, quercitin and ellagic acid which are known to play a key role of antioxidants. During maturation various changes took place including increase in esters, a decrease in phenol content whereas ethanol content, TSS and acid remained unchanged. In flavour profiling, out of 14 descriptors attempted, 6 had very high intensity like, alcoholic, phenolic, higher alcoholic, astringency and bitterness and the vegetative, yeasty and earthy were found to have lower intensity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has also been applied to the wine. The present paper is presenting an overview on production technology, composition, maturation and quality evaluation of strawberry wine.
Cell changes during the re-induction of desiccation tolerance in germinated seeds of Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers.

Durante a germinacao, as sementes ortodoxas perdem sua habilidade de tolerar a dessecacao assemelhando-se com as sementes recalcitrantes. Este trabalho objetivou investigar as mudancas celulares que ocorrem durante a re-inducao da tolerância a dessecacao (TD) em sementes germinadas de Sesbania virgata com 1, 3 e 5 mm de comprimento de radicula. Para restabelecer a TD, as sementes germinadas foram incubadas durante 72 h em solucao de polietilenoglicol (PEG, -2,04 MPa), posteriormente foram desidratadas em silica gel (10% de teor de agua) e reidratadas. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo teste de TUNEL e atraves de microscopia eletronica de transmissao em radiculas que foram submetidas a secagem ou nao. O TUNEL-positivo confirmou a degradacao do DNA por meio da fluorescencia dos nucleos nas celulas da radicula com cinco mm de comprimento e as avaliacoes ultraestruturais detectaram a perda da integridade do conteudo celular nas radiculas com 3 e 5 mm de comprimento e que nao sobreviveram a desidratacao a 10% de teor de agua.
Early Life History and Fisheries Oceanography : New Questions in a Changing

In the past 100 years since the birth of fisheries oceanography, research on the early life history of fishes, particularly the larval stage, has been extensive, and much progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms by which factors such as feeding success, predation, or dispersal can influence larval survival. However, in recent years, the study of fish early life history has undergone a major and, arguably, necessary shift, resulting in a growing body of research aimed at understanding the consequences of climate change and other anthropogenically induced stressors. Here, we review these efforts, focusing on the ways in which fish early life stages are directly and indirectly affected by increasing temperature; increasing CO2 concentrations, and ocean acidification; spatial, temporal, and magnitude changes in secondary production and spawning; and the synergistic effects of fishing and climate change. We highlight how these and other factors affect not only larval survivorship, but also the dispersal of planktonic eggs and larvae, and thus the connectivity and replenishment of fish subpopulations. While much of this work is in its infancy and many consequences are speculative or entirely unknown, new modeling approaches are proving to be insightful by predicting how early life stage survival may change in the future and how such changes will impact economically and ecologically important fish populations. CAPTION. Larval stage of selected fish (from left to right): armored searobin, largetooth flounder, bythitid brotula, and little tunny. Photos by Cedric Guigand By Joel K. Llopiz, Robert K. Cowen, Martha J. Hauff, Rubao Ji, Philip L. Munday, Barbara A. Muhling, Myron A. Peck, David E. Richardson, Susan Sogard, and Su Sponaugle
Environmental cues to urgency and incontinence episodes in Chinesepatients with overactive urinary bladder syndrome.

The present study was designed to investigate the possible environmental cues associated with urinary urgency and urinary incontinence in Chinese patients with diagnosed overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). A semistructured questionnaire was conducted with a convenience sample of 76 patients with OAB. Patients were interviewed about environmental cues associated with urgency and incontinence. The frequency of OAB episodes to each of the cues was quantified. Interviews lasted for seven to twenty-six minutes. Our results showed that 100% (n=76) respondents reported at least one cue associated with urgency and 92.1% (n=70) reported at least one cue associated with incontinence. “On the way to the washroom” frequency of the respondents was reported to be, 89.5% for urgency and 81.6% for incontinence. Our study, therefore suggested that one or more environmental cues might influence episodes of urinary urgency and incontinence in patients with OAB. A combination of behavioral treatments targeting environmental cues and Pavlovian extinction treatments may be effective in treating OAB.