Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning by doing , spillover and shakeout in monoplastic competition

Learning by Doing, Spillover and Shakeout in Monopolistic Competition by Horst Albach and Jim Jin * This paper studies the impact of learning by doing on shakeouts in monopolistic competition. Firms have different initial costs and set prices to maximize current profits in each period. Although all firms make positive profits at the beginning and grow for a certain period of time, shakeouts may occur as costs are reduced through learning by doing and spillovers. We give a n ecessary condition for shakeouts in terms of the relative effectiveness of proprietary learning and the industry-wide learning. Given this condition, shakeouts are more likely to occur when the learning potential is large, the market is small, the proprietary learning is effective and spillovers are weak. In the absence of any strategic learning or predatory pricing, learning by doing can create significant market barriers.
Sanitary Landfills, Stigma and Industrial Land Values

A significant literature exists that documents reductions in property value around toxic, chemical and in some cases solid waste landfills. There is also an emerging literature on stigma-related damage, which can be defined as a loss in value due to the increased risk associated with a contaminated property even after the problem has been eliminated. This research extends the empirical literature on landfills by examining the impact that solid waste landfills have on surrounding industrial property. The results indicate that the value of industrial land around an open, solid waste landfill is reduced by the presence of the landfill. Property around closed, solid waste landfills and open and closed refuse landfills is not adversely affected by the landfills. These results are not affected by the presence or absence of methane gas controls and ground water monitoring systems. Landfills sold with industrial zoning are discounted substantially by the market for various reasons, probably including limited alternative future uses, costs of remediation and potential liability from being in the chain of title.
Fluctuation of magnetic induction in von Kármán swirling flows

Studies of magnetic induction in von Karman swirling flows have so far linked the time-averaged induced magnetic field to the structure of the mean flow. They have evidenced the Omega and Parker mechanism generated, respectively, by the flow differential rotation and helicity, which underly the Dudley and James [N. L. Dudley and R. W. James, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 425, 407 (1989)] dynamos. Using an array of Hall probes we study here the dynamical regime. In the experimental flow, turbulence is fully developed and large fluctuations are observed in the magnetic induction processes. We find that the large scale turbulent fluctuations have different characteristics when induction results from the differential rotation or from the dynamics of the stagnation point in the midplane of the von Karman flow. Symmetry considerations indicate that the dynamical flow spends half of its time away from the time-averaged structure. The consequences of these observations for dynamo experiments are discussed.
Sporulation of Several Species of Streptomyces in Submerged Cultures after Nutritional Downshift

Streptomyces griseus ATCC 10137, S . griseus IMRU 3570, S. griseus JI 2212, S. acrimycini JI 2236 and S. albus G sporulated abundantly in several liquid media after nutritional downshift. Spores formed in submerged cultures were viable and as thermoresistant as aerial spores. Scanning electron microscopy showed that submerged spores are morphologically similar to aerial spores. The sporulation of the Streptomyces strains tested in complex medium appeared to be triggered by phosphate nutritional downshift, induced by addition of Ca2+ to the medium. Spore-shaped bodies were formed by S. lividans JI 1326 and S. coelicolor JI 2280 when grown in complex medium supplemented with Ca2+ and proline. The thermoresistance of these spore-shaped bodies differed from that of aerial spores.
Chapter 3 The Respiratory Microbiome in COPD

In classical teaching, the lungs were thought of as a sterile environment with the isolation of bacteria on sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage sampling felt to represent pathogenic colonisation in disease states. This teaching has been over-turned with the discovery of a rich microbiome in the respiratory tract. The respiratory microbiome is a huge target for novel research in many fields, most notable in that of airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Next-generation sequencing is a cultureindependent method for microbial sampling which has transformed the accuracy and speed at which whole microbial communities can be described in studies. This has led to an explosion of knowledge regarding the human respiratory microbiome. COPD is a common, chronic disease of the respiratory system involving an irreversible airway obstruction which places huge burden on patients and healthcare systems alike. The respiratory microbiome is different in those who suffer from COPD than in those without the disease, but little is known as to the role of the microbiome in disease pathogenesis or manifestation. This chapter aims to outline the advances in sequencing methods in relation to the microbiome and establish a description of the respiratory microbiome in health and in COPD. We will describe the existing literature on the topic and discuss potential key areas for future research.
SEEINGS AND KNOWINGS OF BLIND STUDENTS: SEPARATE POLES OR TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN?

The aim of this paper is to analyse how blind learners manage the conflicts between "seeing" and "knowing" in relation to two-dimensional representations of two geometric solids (a cube and a square-based pyramid). It seeks to locate elements within their interactions which make up the repertoires of “knowing” of those who do not see with their eyes, treating the processes involved in such interactions as acts of perception, with their origins in the body, and which serve a mediating role between environment, culture and brain. Keywords
Momordica Charantia (Bitter Melon): Safety and Efficacy During Pregnancy and Lactation

Background: The leaf, fruit ,and bark of Momordica charantia (MC) (Common name. Bitter Melon). (Cucurbitaceae) has been used extensively in folk medicine as a remedy for diabetes. Biological and pharmacological activities attributed to different parts and extracts of these plants include anti-HIV, wound healing, anti-helmintic, anti-genotoxicity, larvicidal, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, antifertility, anticancer, antidiabetes, antidiarrheal . In Nigeria, a decoction of the leaves or bark is used in folk medicine to manage diabetes. Pregnant and lactating women have been observed, consuming the extract of MC for its folkloric belief as an antidiabetic agent. But its potential for toxicity when administered during pregnancy, lactation and breast feeding has not been completely investigated. The present study was aimed to review the literature for evidence on the use, safety, efficacy and pharmacology of Momordica charantia during pregnancy and lactation. Methods: Seven electronic databases including the Napralert database were searched. Data were compiled based on the grade and evidence found. Results: There were no scientific evidence to support the use of Momordica charantia during pregnancy and lactation. However animal studies in both rodents and primates show that the plant extract, induce abortion. In males, seed extracts of M.charantia, showed indirect evidence of reduced availability of pituitary gonadotrophs necessary for spermatogenesis. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised with the use of Momordica charantia during pregnancy and lactation till human research is conducted to determine its safety. There is a need to be cautious when using preparations containing Momordica charantia . Implications for Nursing: Findings can be utilized by community health nurses and policy makers to advice on the use of Momordica charantia during pregnancy, lactation and in males in their reproductive life.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of jerantinine E.

The first total synthesis of the alkaloid natural product jerantinine E is based on a selective cyclization of an aminocyclopropane. Preliminary investigations show that it inhibits the polymerization of tubulin, displaying significant cytotoxicity and antimigratory activity against both breast and lung cancer cell lines.
Business process redesign: the wheel of Ixion

This highly polemical and Dutch‐rooted article is intended as a contribution to the debates in both popular and academic literature about business process redesign and similar change programmes. Describes BPR and its logical successor, the “holonic” organization, as operational and technocratic instruments which endanger the well‐being of employees (and are therefore morally disreputable) and which undermine the organization’s strategic potential.
Budgeting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission from Indian livestock using country-specific emission coefficients

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the livestock sector are confined to enteric fermentation and manure management. The present inventory is focused on estimation of GHGs using country-specific emission factors for ruminants based on Indian Feeding Standards as a measure of gross energy intake. The thrust is on uncertainty reduction by adopting country-specific animal performance data leading to the development of more refined emission factors. The estimated GHG emission is 9.0 Tg methane and 1 Gg nitrous oxide for the year 1997, and in terms of CO 2 equivalent it is around 190 Tg. Methane emission is the dominant one, while nitrous oxide is negligible. Enteric fermentation is the major source of methane, accounting for 90% of total methane compared to 10% from manure management. Ruminants, especially bovines are the largest source (91%). The estimate also highlights hotspots, emission density, methane emissions from dairy and non-dairy bovines, milk yield vs methane, which are useful in formulating mitigation strategies. The abatement option in the Indian context is also highlighted.
Distance to G14.33–0.64 in the Sagittarius Spiral Arm: H2O Maser Trigonometric Parallax with VERA

We report on trigonometric parallax measurements for the Galactic star-forming region G14.33� 0.64 toward the Sagittarius spiral arm. We conducted multi-epoch phase-referencing observations of an H2O maser source in G14.33� 0.64 with the Japanese VLBI array VERA. We successfully detected a parallax of � = 0.893 ˙ 0.101 mas, corresponding to a source distance of d = 1.12 ˙ 0.13 kpc, which is less than half of the kinematic distance for G14.33� 0.64. Our new distance measurement demonstrates that the Sagittarius arm lies at a closer distance of � 1 kpc, instead of the previously assumed � 2–3 kpc from the kinematic distances. The previously suggested deviation of the Sagittarius arm toward the Galactic center from the symmetrically fitted model (Taylor & Cordes 1993, ApJ, 411, 674) is likely due to large errors of the kinematic distances at low galactic longitudes. G14.33� 0.64 most likely traces the near side of the Sagittarius arm. We attempted to fit the pitch angle of the arm with other parallax # #
NUMBER 989 MARCH 2007 Discounting and the Social Time Preference Rate

This paper shows that the emphasis on a social time preference rate (defined as the sum of a pure time preference rate and the product of the elasticity of marginal valuation and the growth rate) in social evaluations where money values are discounted using the social time preference rate, is not advisable. It can give an entirely different, and arbitrary, ranking of alternative streams compared with the direct use of the pure time preference rate to discount ‘social welfare’ in each period (where social welfare is a — usually isoelastic — function of money values). ∗I have benefited from discussions with Ross Guest and Grant Scobie, and comments from Robert Dixon, Tim Helm and Guyonne Kalb.
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences

In the context of climate change, emissions of different species (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane) are not directly comparable since they have different radiative efficiencies and lifetimes. Since comparisons via detailed climate models are computationally expensive and complex, emission metrics were developed to allow a simple and straightforward comparison of the estimated climate impacts of emissions of different species. Emission metrics are not unique and variety of different emission metrics has been proposed, with key choices being the climate impacts and time horizon to use for comparisons. In this paper, we present analytical expressions and describe how to calculate common emission metrics for different species. We include the climate metrics radiative forcing, integrated radiative forcing, temperature change and integrated temperature change in both absolute form and normalised to a reference gas. We consider pulse emissions, sustained emissions and emission scenarios. The species are separated into three types: CO 2 which has a complex decay over time, species with a simple exponential decay, and ozone precursors (NO x, CO, VOC) which indirectly effect climate via various chemical interactions. We also discuss deriving Impulse Response Functions, radiative efficiency, regional dependencies, consistency within and between metrics and uncertainties. We perform various applications to highlight key applications of emission metrics, which show that emissions of CO 2 are important regardless of what metric and time horizon is used, but that the importance of short lived climate forcers varies greatly depending on the metric choices made. Further, the ranking of countries by emissions changes very little with different metrics despite large differences in metric values, except for the shortest time horizons (GWP20).
Quantum optics laboratories for undergraduates

We have developed a series of undergraduate teaching laboratories that explore some of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics. All of the experiments involve performing measurements on individual photons or entangled-photon pairs. The experiments include: "Proving" that light consists of photons, single-photon interference, and tests of local realism. We will describe the experiments, placing an emphasis on an experiment which measures the quantum-mechanical polarization state of a photon. This experiment explicitly demonstrates that measurements performed on one member of an entangled-photon pair effect the results of measurements of the other photon. We will also describe how we have integrated the experiments with our upper-level undergraduate quantum mechanics course.
Probabilistic Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Distributed Generation

The optimal allocation of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution system is one of the important parts of DG research studies so as to maximize its benefits. For this purpose, a probabilistic approach is proposed in this study to consider time varying load demands as uncertain parameters of distribution system. It is assumed that each load point consists of three categories of voltage dependent loads: residential, industrial and commercial. The proposed algorithm is based on a probabilistic load flow solved by Point Estimate Method (PEM). The objective function is considered as a combination of active power loss, reactive power loss and voltage profiles indices. To solve the optimization problem, an Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) technique is adopted and the optimal location and size of different types of DG are obtained. Examining on a test distribution system, the performance of the proposed approach is assessed and illustrated.
The Sub-Critical Flow pas a Generic Side Mirror and its Impact on Sound Generation and Propagation

The investigated case is the o w past a generic side mirror mounted on a at plate at the Reynolds number of ReD = 5:2 10 5 based on the mirror diameter. The o w eld over the mirror is identied as sub-critical which makes LES an attractive candidate to the DES model used by some of the previous researchers. The present paper is a rst attempt to investigate the o w and acoustics of a generic side mirror at the Reynolds number of ReD = 5:2 10 5 by comparing DES and LES results using identical grid, second order schemes and the incompressible assumption. Two dieren t cases are investigated for this purpose. The rst case uses the hybrid DES-modelling technique combined with a "Trip-Less" approach proposed by Shur et al. and the second case is a partially resolved LES-simulation using the dynamic Smagorinsky model. The sound radiation for the present simulations is predicted from the Ffowkes-Williams and Hawkings analogy where the wall pressure uctuations and the pressure temporal derivative are the two source terms treated. The result shows good agreement for both cases in wall source levels even with the rather coarse mesh used in the mirror wake. The trends are however in slightly better agreement for the LES case than the DES case compared to the corresponding measured levels. The radiated sound for the DES case agrees signican tly better with the measured results compared to the LES results. The overprediction in radiated sound observed in the LES case is argued to primarily be caused by unresolved uctuations included in the surface integration. The DES model on the other hand is far more dissipative and reduces pollution of numerical noise in the signals. For an automotive application the wall pressure level results is by far the most important due to the interest in the driver and passengers subjective experience. Thus, the conclusion is that the LES approach is a better candidate compared to DES even though the mesh resolution over the plate by no means fullls the traditional restrictions in LES.
Corporate Governance and Voluntary Disclosure Practices of Financial Non-Financial Sector Companies in Bangladesh

This paper examines the relationship between voluntary disclosure and several attributes of corporate governance using data from the annual reports of companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in 2011. The results obtained show statistically significant differences in levels of voluntary disclosure among listed companies in Bangladesh and show that companies in the financial sector disclose more voluntary information than non-financial companies. Findings from this analysis indicate a negative association between voluntary disclosure and percentage of equity owned by insiders. By contrast, firm size and profitability show significant positive relationship with voluntary disclosure. However, this study also shows that voluntary disclosure has no significant relationship with the percentage of equity held by institutions, board size, board audit committee and percentage of independent directors on the board of directors.
Waste to wealth : an economic analysis of applications for Rice Husk Ash in India

As the world's second largest rice grower, India can generate up to 5 million MT of ash from burning rice husk for fuel. The material that remains after combustion, known as Rice Husk Ash (RHA), is high in silica content, provides good insulation, and has a large surface areas for chemical reactions. These characteristics of RHA allow it to be used in a variety of applications such as insulation in steelmaking, substitute for raw material in the cement and brickmaking industry, water filtration, pest control, and the production of precipitated silica. While RHA is currently used in the steel industry in India, and to a smaller degree, in the cement industry, there are many waste-to-wealth opportunities to use RHA which are currently not being leveraged. This results in a loss of land for RHA disposal and more importantly, wasted opportunities to extract value from RHA. There has been a large amount of research conducted on using RHA. The publications around this research have typically been broad and qualitative, describing the potential applications of RHA on a high level, or focused on technical details pertaining to a specific set up using RHA. While the information currently available is extremely important, it is not easily leveraged by entrepreneurs who would be interested in increasing their use of RHA. There seems to be a lack of studies which compare the various applications for RHA qualitatively. The purpose of this thesis is to help current and potential RHA entrepreneurs to apply available research in making decisions about how to make use of RHA, by creating a framework to assess the applications of RHA economically. While this paper is focused on RHA, it is intended that the framework can be used in assessing opportunities to use other biomass ash material. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Randolph E. Kirchain Title: Principal Research Scientist, Materials Systems Lab
Subjects, objects and intonational phrasing in spanish and portuguese*

This article investigates the role of prosodic length and syntactic complexity on intonational phrasing in Spanish and European Portuguese. Spanish presents a clear tendency to divide utterances into (S)(VO) phrasings, depending on branchingness. In EP (SVO) is the predominant phrasing, but a long branching subject can trigger the phrasing (S)(VO). The main differences between the two languages are analyzed as arising from two properties: the different syntactic position of subjects (external or internal to Extended VP) and the different parameters of prosodic weight (number of syllables vs. number of words/branchingness) realized by each language. Constraints of the syntaxprosody interface and prosodic constraints on the maximum size of major phrases refer to these properties and produce different outcomes. The preference shared by EP and Spanish to have the material in a VP contained in the same major phrase (disallowing (V)(O) phrasings) also stems from a syntax-phonology constraint.
Lung edema and thrombosis induced by activated mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 and MHC class I reactions , and liver thrombosis aggravated by suppressed phosphotyrosine and female donor reactions to male-specific antigens in Lewis rats

OBJECTIVE The causes of lung edema and thrombosis and liver embolism were investigated in rats. METHOD Lewis rats were used. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) antibody (Ab) was injected to cause lung edema. Lung and liver thrombosis and embolism were generated using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I monoclonal Ab (mAb) and MASP-2 Ab. Liver embolisms and male-specific antigen reactions of minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) were triggered by phosphotyrosine (pTyr) mAb. Correlative expressions of MASP-2 and pTyr were confirmed by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS MASP-2 Ab caused acute intraalveolar and peribronchovascular edema, which was characterized by hemolytic red cell casts, type II cell activation with lamellar body (Lb) secretion and elevated apocrine secretion of Clara cells. MHC class I mAb and MASP-2 Ab caused severe lung and liver thrombosis and embolism. Immunochemically stained electron micrographs of alveolar type I cells showed a quick-activation of the second MASP-2, when the first MASP-2 was destroyed by MASP-2 Ab. In the liver injected with pTyr mAb, hepatocytes underwent selective apoptosis with Golgi apparatus disturbances. Liver thrombosis, which was aggravated by female donor immune rejections of male-specific mHA, was associated with hepatic venous dilatation. Heparin sodium accelerated lung surfactant (Lb) secretion. Exogenous chemotactic inhibitor suppressed cytokine-induced chemokines, which were triggered by pTyr mAb. CONCLUSIONS Lung edema and thrombosis were caused by MASP-2 and MHC class I Abs. PTyr mAb injection accelerated liver thrombosis, based on tyrosine kinase disturbances, in which mHA immune reactions aggraved liver thrombosis. T. Nakatsuji