Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Document-Duplication Effects on Policies for Browser and Proxy Caching

Browser and proxy-server caching are effective and relatively inexpensive methods of improving Web performance. Most existing research considers caching to occur independently at the browser and the proxy server. When the browser and the proxy-server cache independently, documents may get duplicated across the two levels. This paper analyzes the impact of document duplication on the performance of several browser-proxy caching policies. We first derive an exact expression and an accurate approximation for the delay under a joint browser-proxy caching policy in which no duplication is permitted. This policy is compared to a base or benchmark policy in which caching occurs independently at the two levels, and hence, duplication of documents is freely permitted. We next propose a more general caching policy in which a controlled amount of duplication is permitted. This policy is analyzed and an exact expression and an approximate expression for performance are derived. Finally, a simulation study is performed to confirm the accuracy of the theoretical results and extend these results for situations that are difficult to analyze mathematically.
eIF4G Dramatically Enhances the Binding of eIF4E to the mRNA 5′-Cap Structure*

The cap structure, m7GpppN, is present at the 5′-end of all eukaryotic cellular (except organellar) mRNAs. Initiation of translation is mediated by the multisubunit initiation factor eIF4F, which binds the cap structure via its eIF4E subunit and facilitates the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. Here, we used recombinant proteins to reconstitute the cap recognition activity of eIF4F in vitro. We demonstrate that the interaction of eIF4E with the mRNA 5′-cap structure is dramatically enhanced by eIF4G, as determined by a UV-induced cross-linking assay. Furthermore, assembly of the eIF4F complex at the cap structure, as well as ATP hydrolysis, is shown to be a requisite for the cross-linking of another initiation factor, eIF4B, to the cap structure. In addition, the stimulatory effect of eIF4G on the cap recognition of eIF4E is inhibited by the translational repressor, 4E-BP1. These results suggest that eIF4E initially interacts with the mRNA cap structure as part of the eIF4F complex.
An Improved Distance-Based Scheme for Broadcast Storm Suppression in VANETs

Broadcasting is a common operation for disseminating traffic-related information in vehicular ad hoc networks. However, broadcasting in wireless networks can easily cause the broadcast storm problem especially when the vehicular density is high in the specific area. Therefore, most of the broadcast storm suppression schemes aim to decrease the number of forwarders so as to reduce the redundant packet and mitigate the broadcast storm problem. One of the broadcast storm suppression techniques is the distance-based scheme [14] in which the distance between the sender and the receiver is used to decide whether to rebroadcast a message or not. However, this conventional distance-based scheme may cause the Improper Measurement Problem called in this paper. So we propose N Hops Weighted p-Persistence Broadcasting to resolve this problem. The simulation results show the proposed broadcast storm suppression scheme can reduce the number of forwarders and thus the redundant packets.
Electrooptic polymer modulators operating in both TE and TM modes incorporating a vertically tapered cladding

We propose a modified electrooptic (EO) PMMA polymer waveguide structure supporting both TE and TM modes in spite of the large birefringence induced by the poling. A vertically tapered structure is employed to connect a single-mode rib waveguide and a confinement-enhanced rectangular buried waveguide. This waveguide structure can be easily fabricated by a two-step reactive ion etching (RIE) process with a shadow mask. To demonstrate TE/TM confinement and single-mode operation, Mach-Zehnder intensity modulators are fabricated by incorporating the proposed waveguide structure. The extinction ratio is better than -15 dB, which proves the single-mode operation. Half-wave voltages for TM and TE modes are 6 and 24 V, respectively.
Engineering Designer Nucleases with Customized Cleavage Specificities

Engineered designer nucleases can be used to efficiently modify genomic sequence in a wide variety of model organisms and cell types. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), consisting of an engineered zinc finger array fused to a non‐specific cleavage domain, have been extensively used to modify a broad range of endogenous genes. Protocols for engineering ZFNs targeted to specific gene sequences of interest using the context‐dependent assembly (CoDA) method are described in this unit. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 96:12.13. 1‐12.13. 16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Risk of HIV Transmission Within Marriage in Rural China: Implications for HIV Prevention at the Family Level

Background: Little is known about HIV transmission at the family level in China. Goal: We examined the risks for HIV transmission between husbands and wives and from parents to children in a rural area where HIV spread among former commercial blood donors. Study: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 605 (302 couples) marriage license applicants. Results: More males (64.6%) than females (52.1%) reported having had premarital sex and multiple sex partners (12.6% and 6.9%, respectively). Among those having had multiple sex partners, 8.5% reported often or always using condoms. Only 36.8% of the couples agreed that they would not plan to have a baby after knowing the status of HIV infection. Approximately 43% of the couples agreed that they would use condoms consistently if 1 of them were HIV-positive. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for national programs to prevent HIV infection within couples in rural areas.
Combining the Standard Histogram Method and a Stimulus Identification Algorithm for A/D Converter INL Testing With a Low-Quality Sine Wave Stimulus

This paper proposes combining the standard histogram method with a stimulus identification algorithm in order to test the integral nonlinearity (INL) of a high-resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) converter without a high-quality sine wave. The major problems in the two techniques are explained in order to appreciate the benefits of the combination. The increased INL estimation accuracy is verified with simulations of 16-b A/D converters under different conditions, and experimental results of the INL testing of a 16-b A/D converter are also quoted to support the theory. The simulations and experimental tests show that the INL of 16-b A/D converters can be measured with very simple equipment and that an accurate test stimulus is not necessary.
Genetic Makeup of Amantadine-Resistant and Oseltamivir-Resistant Human Influenza A/H1N1 Viruses

ABSTRACT The emergence and widespread occurrence of antiviral drug-resistant seasonal human influenza A viruses, especially oseltamivir-resistant A/H1N1 virus, are major concerns. To understand the genetic background of antiviral drug-resistant A/H1N1 viruses, we performed full genome sequencing of prepandemic A/H1N1 strains. Seasonal influenza A/H1N1 viruses, including antiviral-susceptible viruses, amantadine-resistant viruses, and oseltamivir-resistant viruses, obtained from several areas in Japan during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons were analyzed. Sequencing of the full genomes of these viruses was performed, and the phylogenetic relationships among the sequences of each individual genome segment were inferred. Reference genome sequences from the Influenza Virus Resource database were included to determine the closest ancestor for each segment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the oseltamivir-resistant strain evolved from a reassortant oseltamivir-susceptible strain (clade 2B) which circulated in the 2007-2008 season by acquiring the H275Y resistance-conferring mutation in the NA gene. The oseltamivir-resistant lineage (corresponding to the Northern European resistant lineage) represented 100% of the H1N1 isolates from the 2008-2009 season and further acquired at least one mutation in each of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA) genes. Therefore, a reassortment event involving two distinct oseltamivir-susceptible lineages, followed by the H275Y substitution in the NA gene and other mutations elsewhere in the genome, contributed to the emergence of the oseltamivir-resistant lineage. In contrast, amantadine-resistant viruses from the 2007-2008 season distinctly clustered in clade 2C and were characterized by extensive amino acid substitutions across their genomes, suggesting that a fitness gap among its genetic components might have driven these mutations to maintain it in the population.
Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin and gentamicin in cardiac surgery for children less than ten kilograms.

OBJECTIVE Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended in pediatric cardiac surgery, but no data concerning the current antibiotic regimen were available. DESIGN Prospective study from April to June 2000. SETTING University hospital operating room and postoperative intensive care unit. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen consecutive infants less than 10 kg with normal renal function undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass longer than 30 minutes. INTERVENTIONS Intravenous administration of cefazolin, 40 mg/kg, and gentamicin, 5 mg/kg, at induction of anesthesia; followed by cefazolin, 35 mg/kg every 8 hours, and gentamicin, 2 mg/kg every 12 hours, over 48 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Levels of serum antibiotics were measured: cefazolin (microbiologic) and gentamicin (fluorescence immunoassay) with 8 intraoperative and 5 postoperative samplings. Intraoperatively, cefazolin levels decreased from 166 +/- 44 (mean +/- standard deviation) down to 54 +/- 16 microg/mL and gentamicin from 20.8 +/- 9.5 down to 5.9 +/- 1.5 microg/mL. The postoperative trough levels were 12 +/- 7, 15 +/- 10, and 19 +/- 22 microg/mL for cefazolin and 1.1 +/- 0.5, 0.8 +/- 0.4, and 0.8 +/- 0.9 microg/mL for gentamicin. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic serum levels are consistent with satisfactory efficacy, but intraoperative gentamicin peak levels appeared too high.
Making Searchable Melodies: Human versus Machine

Systems that find music recordings based on hummed or sung, melodic input are called Query-By-Humming (QBH) systems. Such systems employ search keys that are more similar to a cappella singing than the original recordings. Successful deployed systems use human computation to create these search keys: hand-entered MIDI melodies or recordings of a cappella singing. Tunebot is one such system. In this paper, we compare search results using keys built from two automated melody extraction system to those gathered using two populations of humans: local paid singers and Amazon Turk workers.
CYP19A1 polymorphisms associated with coronary artery disease and circulating sex hormone levels in a Chinese population

Background The relationship between CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms with CAD in Han and Uygur populations and to characterize the association between the levels of sex hormones and aromatase with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP19A1 genes in Chinese women. Results There were significant differences in the genotype distributions of rs2236722 and rs4646 between CAD patients and control subjects in the Uygur population. The rs4646 was found to be associated with CAD in the dominant model (CC vs. CA + AA) and the additive model (CA vs. CC + AA) (both P ≤ 0.001). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR = 0.483, 95% CI: 0.338–0.690, P = 0.000; and OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.300–2.617, P = 0.001, respectively). In normal Uygur postmenopausal women, there were significant differences in the genotype distributions of rs4646 and the circulating hormone and aromatase levels between CAD patients and control subjects. The differences in estradiol and aromatase levels remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR = 0.889, 95% CI: 0.817–0.969, P = 0.007; and OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.936–0.957, P = 0.000, respectively). Additionally, there were differences in sex hormone levels between the different ethnicities among the Xinjiang Chinese population. Materials and Methods Among a total of 1,064 Han individuals (614 men and 450 women) and 790 Uygur individuals (484 men and 306 women), 498 postmenopausal women (265 Han and 233 Uygur individuals) were selected. Four SNPs (rs2236722, rs2304463, rs4646, and rs4275794) were genotyped using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. The estradiol and testosterone levels were determined using a radioimmunoassay based on GC-2016γ. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the serum P450 aromatase levels. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the rs2236722 and rs4646 of the CYP19A1 gene are associated with CAD and circulating sex hormone levels in the Xinjiang population of China.
Identical RT1 class II molecules are expressed by rat RT1m and RT1c haplotypes.

The RT1m haplotype of MNR rats has been suggested to be a recombinant RT1 haplotype inheriting RT1.A (class I) alleles from RT1a (DA) and RT1.B (class II) alleles from RT1c (AUG). Additional serologic and biochemical assays, however, have suggested that RT1m and RT1c share a single identical RT1.B molecule, although differing in the expression of the second RT1.B molecule. To resolve this contradiction, RT1.B class II molecules, comparable to I-A and I-E molecules in mice, expressed by the RT1c and RT1m haplotypes were immunoprecipitated by cross-reactive mouse anti-Ia antibodies and were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and by high pressure liquid chromatographic separation of tryptic peptides. Respective subunits expressed by the two haplotypes co-migrate on two-dimensional gels and have identical tryptic peptide maps. The results at the protein level were confirmed at the DNA level by Southern blot analysis of MNR and AUG genomic DNA. Identical restriction fragments associated with the RT1m and RT1c haplotypes hybridized with each of the DC1 beta, DR alpha, and DR beta cDNA probes. The results at both the protein and DNA levels suggest that the RT1m and RT1c haplotypes share identical expressed alleles at the RT1.Ba, RT1.Bb, RT1.Bc, and RT1.Bd loci.
Home- and Community-Based Service Use by Older African American, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White Women and Men

ABSTRACT This study examined associations between use of home-and community-based services and race, ethnicity, and gender. Using the 1994 Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 9,447) and descriptive, standard logistic, and multinomial logistic analyses, both the likelihood of service use and intensity of use were examined for nine home-and community-based services. In descriptive analyses, African Americans used the largest number of services, followed by Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites. In multivariate results, all compared with non-Hispanic white women, African American women had higher odds of using Personal Care Aides, Transportation, Adult Day Centers, and Information and Referral. Hispanic women had higher odds of using Adult Day Centers and Transportation services. Non-Hispanic white men were less likely to use Personal Care Aides, Senior Centers, and Transportation. In the intensity analysis, compared with non-Hispanic white women, African American women used services more intensively. Non-Hispanic white men used services less intensively. Results highlight the need for flexibility in services provision, and a continued emphasis on supporting a range of services.
Operative findings in cases of trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression: proposal of a different mechanism

Trigeminal neuralgia is known to be caused by vascular compression at the trigeminal root entry zone (REZ) and microvascular decompression provides good outcome in most of cases. However, in some cases, no vascular compression was observed at the REZ. Over the last 2(1/2) years, the first author operated on 53 cases of trigeminal neuralgia with microvascular decompression and encountered nine cases where no offending vessels were noted at or near the REZ. They were divided into two groups: five cases involving an initial operation and four cases involving a second operation. In the former, arachnoid thickening, angulation or torsion of the root axis were common findings. Dissection of thick arachnoid around the root along the whole length reversed the root to be straight and flaccid. Complete pain relief was noted in four of five cases. In one case of atypical pain, constant facial pain remained. In the latter four cases, where the first operations were done more than 4 years before, thick granulation was noted around REZ without new offending vessels in two cases. In the remaining two cases, where no offending vessels were noted in the first operation, thick adhesion of a distal portion of the root with dura on the pyramidal bone was noted. Meticulous dissection of t he whole length of the root was done and complete pain relief was obtained. Delayed but complete pain relief in these nine cases was noted. Based on operative findings, arachnoid thickening or granulomatous adhesion between the root and surrounding structures can cause an abnormal course of the trigeminal nerve root, which causes root angulation and/or torsion. They can also cause pulsatile movement of the trigeminal nerve root. This tethering effect can promote abnormal root stretching force, especially at REZ, which might promote hyperexitability of the nerve. This speculative mechanism suggests that it is important to make the root free along the entire length, especially at its distal portion in cases with no offending vessels.
Effet du cultivar et de la densité de semis sur la productivité et la qualité des grains de l’épeautre de printemps et d’automne

v Table des matières . vii Liste des tableaux . ix Liste des figures . xi Liste des annexes complémentaires . xiii Remerciements . xvii Avant-Propos . xix
A novel concentric multilink spherical joint with parallel robotics applications

A new spherical joint mechanism which is well suited to parallel robotics is presented. The concentric multilink spherical (CMS) joint allows two or more struts to be connected together such that they rotate about a single point. This joint can replace the traditional ball or universal (Hooke) joints in Stewart platforms, variable geometry truss manipulators, and other parallel robots. The TETRA2 robot consists of five nodes and six actuated struts. It provides a range of motion of 1m/spl times/0.5m/spl times/0.5m and has lifted a payload of 10 kg at full lateral extension. Simulation of a 48 struct walking robot illustrates the use of CMS joints to design more complex structures. The simulation also demonstrates new algorithms for parallel robot control. <<ETX>>
MPI-PhT / 97-42 REALIZATIONS OF CAUSAL MANIFOLDS BY QUANTUM FIELDS

Quantum mechanical operators and quantum fields are interpreted as realizations of timespace manifolds. Such causal manifolds are parametrized by the classes of the positive unitary operations in all complex operations, i.e. by the homogenous spaces D(n) = GL( I CnIR)/U(n) with n = 1 for mechanics and n = 2 for relativistic fields. The rank n gives the number of both the discrete and continuous invariants used in the harmonic analysis, i.e. two characteristic masses in the relativistic case. ’Canonical’ field theories with the familiar divergencies are inappropriate realizations of the real 4-dimensional causal manifold D(2). Faithful timespace realizations do not lead to divergencies. In general they are reducible, but nondecomposable in addition to representations with eigenvectors (states, particle) they incorporate principal vectors without a particle (eigenvector) basis as exemplified by the Coulomb field. e-mail adress: saller@mppmu.mpg. de
Synthesis and antigenic properties of reduced peptide bond analogues of an immunodominant epitope of the melanoma MART‐1 protein

Backbone modifications have been introduced into the melanoma derived peptide MART‐1(27‐35) to increase its binding to class I major histocompatibility complex HLA‐A2 molecule, and ultimately to enhance its immunogenicity. Each analogue was obtained by replacing one peptide bond at a time in the natural epitope by the aminomethylene (CH2‐NH) surrogate. All analogues displayed an increased resistance to proteolysis. Interestingly, the comparative results showed that five analogues bound more efficiently to HLA‐A2 than the parent peptide. On the other hand, two pseudopeptide/HLA‐A2 complexes were recognized by one melanoma‐specific T cell clone. Close examination of the impact of such modifications at the molecular level provides useful supports for the rational design of stable compounds with applications in anti‐tumour specific immunotherapy and in vaccine development. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermographic Assessment of Eccentric Overload Training Within Three Days of a Running Session

Abstract Sanz-López, F, Martínez-Amat, A, Hita-Contreras, F, Valero-Campo, C, and Berzosa, C. Thermographic assessment of eccentric overload training within three days of a running session. J Strength Cond Res 30(2): 504–511, 2016—The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in patellar and Achilles tendons between a group trained using eccentric overload and an untrained group within 3 days of a running session. To this end, infrared thermography (IRT) will be used. Twenty healthy male subjects were divided into 2 groups. One group performed a 6-week squat training in the flywheel before the running session. During the running intervention, both groups ran in 3 different days, for 1 hour each, at 80% maximal heart rate. Before, just after, and after 10 minutes of the running intervention, participants were assessed using IRT. Eccentrically trained groups showed a statistically significant difference (analysis of variance, p = 0.0049) expressed as a smaller bilateral increase in temperature in the patellar tendon just before the first running day (right side, 0.11° C; left side, 0.29° C). On the other days of running and in the Achilles tendon groups, similar changes were observed: an increase in the temperature after running and no significant difference between contralateral limbs. Our results point at eccentric overload training providing a better adaptation for the first day of running. IRT is an easy-to-apply noninvasive tool to analyze and compare the effects of performance on tendon tissues.
T-test distance and clustering criterion for speaker diarization

In this paper, we present an application of student’s t-test to measure the similarity between two speaker models. The measure is evaluated by comparing with other distance metrics: the Generalized Likelihood Ratio, the Cross Likelihood Ratio and the Normalized Cross Likelihood Ratio in speaker detection task. We also propose an objective criterion for speaker clustering. The criterion deduces the number of speakers automatically by maximizing the separation between intra-speaker distances and inter-speaker distances. It requires no development data and works well with various distance metrics. We then report the performance of our proposed similarity distance measure and objective criterion in speaker diarization task. The system produces competitive results: low speaker diarization error rate and high accuracy in detecting number of speakers.