Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Size In The Membrane: Lipid-dependent signals link mitotic entry to membrane growth

In budding yeast, cell cycle progression and ribosome biogenesis are dependent upon plasma membrane growth, which ensures that events of cell growth are coordinated with each other and with the cell cycle. However, the signals that link the cell cycle and ribosome biogenesis to membrane growth are poorly understood. Our results suggest that membrane trafficking events required for membrane growth are linked to sphingolipid-dependent signaling. Growth requires delivery of sphingolipids in order to couple growth with the cell cycle. A conserved signaling network plays an essential role in sphingolipid signaling by responding to delivery of sphingolipids to the plasma membrane. Sphingolipid-dependent signals control protein kinase C (Pkc1), which plays an essential role in the pathways that link the cell cycle and ribosome biogenesis to membrane growth. Phosphorylation of Pkc1 is dependent upon and proportional to membrane growth, which suggests that it could control cell size by measuring cell growth to determine when sufficient growth has occurred. Here, we show that signaling lipids play an important role in Pkc1 regulation. Pkc1 has a phosphatidylserine-binding domain and proportional phosphorylation of Pkc1 during membrane growth is dependent upon phosphatidylserine. Together, the data suggest that signals that measure and control plasma membrane growth are closely associated with the membrane itself.
Bioacoustic Characteristic of Male Dolphins Bottle Nose (Tursiops aduncus)

Bioacoustic is a knowledge that combines biology and acoustic which usually refer to research on the production of sound, dispersion through an elastic medium, and acceptance in animals, including humans. This research uses the method of the passive acoustic and observing behavior of male dolphins through a bioacoustical approach to see the different patterns and characteristic sounds of bottlenose dolphins in Indonesia. Male dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) are preserved at the Park of Safari Cisarua Bogor in Indonesia. The lowest intensity value found was 28.03 dB and the highest was 32.01 dB. With an average parameter measurable namely salinity by up to 30 ppm and temperature 23°C with the depth of the pool 4.5 meters. The frequency range of their clicks is at 14.221–15.100 Hz. Dolphins tends to be basic a pool of water in as before eating and dolphins always was sitting on the surface of the pond at the time after eating.
Molecular mechanisms of insulin signaling

Insulin signaling pathway is an important biochemical pathway that affects glucose homeostasis in the body. The pathway can be influenced by a variety of factors ranging from fed-fasting states, stress levels, diseases and even hormones. The pathway is a signal transduction pathway that comprises of trigger mechanisms which serve as signals throughout insulin targeted cells for the purpose of metabolic actions (glucose homeostasis) as well as mitogenic actions in the body. In pathological conditions, the signal-flow in this pathway can get disrupted resulting in serious metabolic and mitogenic disturbances in the body.
Anxiety modulates perception of facial fear in a pathway-specific, lateralized, manner

Facial expression and eye gaze provide a shared signal about threats. While averted-gaze fear clearly points to the source of threat, direct-gaze fear renders the source of threat ambiguous. Dual processing routes have been proposed to mediate these processes: reflexive processing via magnocellular (M-) pathway and reflective processing via parvocellular (P-) pathway. We investigated how observers’ trait anxiety modulates Mand P-pathway processing of clear and ambiguous threat cues. We performed fMRI on a large cohort (N=108) widely ranging in trait anxiety while they viewed fearful or neutral faces with averted or directed gaze. We adjusted luminance and color of the stimuli to selectively engage M- or P-pathway processing. We found that higher anxiety facilitated processing of averted-gaze fear projected to M-pathway, but impaired perception of direct-gaze fear projected to P-pathway. Increased right amygdala reactivity was associated with higher anxiety, only for averted-gaze fear presented to M-pathway. Conversely, increased left amygdala reactivity was associated with higher anxiety for P-biased, direct-gaze fear. This lateralization was more pronounced with higher anxiety. Our findings suggest that trait anxiety has differential effects on perception of clear and ambiguous facial threat cues via selective engagement of M and P pathways and lateralization of amygdala reactivity.
Evidence of low genetic variation and rare alleles in a bottlenecked endangered island endemic, the Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis).

Michelle H. Reynolds1, John M. Pearce2, Philip Lavretsky3, Jeffrey L. Peters3, Karen N. Courtot1, 4, and Pedro P. Seixas5 1U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawaì i National Park, HI 96718, USA 2U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA 3Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA 4Hawaì i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, P.O. Box 44, Hawaì i National Park, HI 96718 5Centro de Reprodução Anatideos, Rua Mário Pais da Costa, no53, 3515-174 Viseu, Portugal
The indusium structure in Dampiera species (Goodeniaceae)

The structure of indusium of all the 66 species of Dampiera R.Br. of the family Goodeniaceae were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope and the light microscope. Two types of indusium structures were recognized among the species of Dampiera. SEMGS of the indusia of 11 species are provided, which cover the almost entire structural variation found within the species of Dampiera.
Laboratory methods for identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

&NA; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been emerged with significant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. A variety of methods have been implemented to optimize MRSA detection, but yet, the optimal approach remains controversial. In the current review, we summarize both phenotypic and genotypic laboratory methods for detection of MRSA isolates. In summary, phenotypic methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive and suffer from inadequate sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, these methods are clearly affected by test conditions. Genotypic methods are advantageous for high sensitivity, specificity and remarkably reduced turnaround time. However, although different PCR-based methods, including Hyplex Staphyloresist PCR, GenomEra MRSA/SA, GenoType MRSA Direct, Genoquick MRSA, MD GeneOhm MRSA, BD Max MRSA, BD GeneOhm MRSA Achromopepticase, Auto-MRSA, Cepheid Xpert, LightCycler MRSA Advanced, have been utilized for MRSA detection, limitations related to false-positive results have been reported. In addition, PCR methods are associated with greater expenses. So, if laboratories are not able to afford molecular methods for routine use, simultaneous application of two phenotypic methods, one with high sensitivity and the other with high specificity, is a useful alternative. Also, it is more reasonable to choose MRSA screening method with regard to prevalence and local epidemiology of MRSA strain.
Sparse Tensor Additive Regression

Tensors are becoming prevalent in modern applications such as medical imaging and digital marketing. In this paper, we propose a sparse tensor additive regression (STAR) that models a scalar response as a flexible nonparametric function of tensor covariates. The proposed model effectively exploits the sparse and low-rank structures in the tensor additive regression. We formulate the parameter estimation as a non-convex optimization problem, and propose an efficient penalized alternating minimization algorithm. We establish a non-asymptotic error bound for the estimator obtained from each iteration of the proposed algorithm, which reveals an interplay between the optimization error and the statistical rate of convergence. We demonstrate the efficacy of STAR through extensive comparative simulation studies, and an application to the click-through-rate prediction in online advertising.
Distribution Pattern, Variations of Morphology and Chromosome Numbers of Sium latijugam C. B. Clarke (Apiaceae) from the Kashmir Himalayas

The present study was performed for the Himalayan medicinal species Sium latijugam on male meiosis, morphological parameters and distribution pattern of diploid as well as tetraploid cytotypes. Both diploid (2n=12) and tetraploid (2n=24) cytotypes were found in Kashmir, however, the tetraploid cytotype is new addition to the species for the first time. The tetraploids were restricted to higher altitudes and characterized by abnormal meiosis leading to high pollen sterility and formation of variable sized pollen grains. Additionally tetraploids were morphologically more luxuriant in comparison to their diploid counterparts.
PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF BOVINE MILK PROTEINS TO IDENTIFY PUTATIVE BIOMARKERS OF Staphylococcus aureus SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS

PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF BOVINE MILK PROTEINS TO IDENTIFY PUTATIVE BIOMARKERS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS Shaimaa Abdelmegid Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Professor Gordon M. Kirby Bovine mastitis remains a primary focus of dairy cattle disease research due to its negative economic impact on the dairy industry. In Canada, total losses are estimated more than four hundred million dollars per year, or about 15 % of the industry’s total net revenue. Clinical mastitis is associated with visible local and systemic signs of inflammation of the udder. In contrast, subclinical mastitis (SCM) lacks clinical signs and often leads to persistent and chronic infections that represent a serious problem to the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common contagious pathogen associated with bovine SCM. Current diagnosis of S. aureus SCM is based on bacteriological culture of milk samples and somatic cell counts both of have limitations. The main objective of this study was to identify, characterize and quantify the differential expression of whey proteins in milk samples collected from healthy control cows and cows that are infected with S. aureus SCM utilizing different proteomic approaches. The first study characterized variations in the composition of the whey proteome in healthy and S. aureus mastitic milk samples using an optimized fractionation strategy to enrich for lowabundance proteins. Fractionation of the whey proteins using low speed ultracentrifugation resulted in partial depletion of casein and minimized protein losses. In addition, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis enhanced the separation and resolution of low abundant whey proteins. In the second study, 2D-DIGE coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed the differentially expressed proteomic signatures of S. aureuspositive whey fractions compared to samples from healthy controls. Twenty-eight upregulated proteins in mastitic milk were identified, 11 of which had related host defense functions. In the third study, quantitative proteomic analyses using direct LC-MS/MS and label-free quantification resulted in identification of 90 proteins in both control and mastitic milk samples of which 25 proteins were differentially regulated including pathogen-recognition and acute phase proteins. The comprehensive proteomic and bioinformatics analyses resulted in four candidate biomarkers including cathelicidin-4, haptoglobin, cathepsin B and lactotransferrin for mastitis diagnosis that also provide insight to understanding the role of milk proteins in host-pathogen interaction during S. aureus intramammary infection.
Initial Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Elevation in Relation to Subsequent Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes via the SGLT2 Inhibitor Tofogliflozin

The elevation of ketones is clinically concerned in the use of SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), however little is known about the association between that elevation and subsequent clinical process. We aimed to clarify the association of the initial beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) elevation via the SGLT2i, tofogliflozin with subsequent weight loss in type 2 diabetes participants. Analyzed were 774 type 2 diabetes participants who received tofogliflozin in two phase 3 studies. The participants were divided into four groups according to the quartiles for their change in BHB after 4 weeks of tofogliflozin therapy. The adjusted assessments of variables were analyzed using an analysis of covariance model with the quartiles, their baseline values, age, sex, and eGFR as covariates. BHB levels significantly increased (mean: +107.1 µmol/L) from baseline to week 4. Those changes in the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quartiles, respectively, were -33.7, +31.4, +98.0, and +331.1 µmol/L. Glycemic control at baseline was poorer, while CPI was lower within the higher quartiles. The difference of BHB changes among the quartiles was maintained during tofogliflozin therapy. At week 52, the increase of BHB levels from baseline was significant (+142.7 µmol/L) in Q4, but not changed in Q1. The weight loss at week 52 in Q4 (least square mean: -3.6 kg) was greater than in Q1 (-2.4 kg) although the improvement of hyperglycemia was identical. Furthermore, the reduction in waist circumference and increase in adiponectin were greater in Q4. And the increase in fasting free fatty acid was also greater in Q4, but not changed in Q1. The distinct response of BHB elevation was observed early after the SGLT2i, tofogliflozin therapy. The higher initial BHB elevation resulted in the greater reduction in body weight, especially fat mass via lipolysis. The progressive weight loss might be clinically associated with one of the signs of the higher ketone elevation. Disclosure Y. Sato: None. K. Nunoi: None. K. Kaku: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca. Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD K.K. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Japan Inc., Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Japan Inc. Advisory Panel; Self; Astellas, Japan Inc. A. Yoshida: Employee; Self; Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. H. Suganami: Employee; Self; Kowa Company, Ltd.
Pigment composition and photoprotection of Arctic sea ice algae during spring

From the beginning of spring to the melt period, ice algae in the bottom of Arctic sea ice experience a large irradiance range, varying from <0.1% up to 25–30% of the incoming visible radiation. The increase in spring is usually rapid, with a varying photoacclimative response by bottom ice algae to protect themselves against excess light, such as changes in cellular pigment composition. This study focused on the temporal variation in pigment composition of bottom ice algae under 2 contrasting snow depths (thin and thick) during spring. Controlled experiments were also carried out to investigate the photoprotective capacity of ice algae to relatively high irradiances during a short-term period (<6 h). Ice algae were able to photoacclimate rapidly and effectively to irradiance ranging from 10 to 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1. However, we observed contrasting responses in photoacclimation depending on the ice algal community composition and their light history. Our experimental results suggest that the xanthophyll cycle (diadinoxanthin to diatoxanthin conversion) and D1-protein recycling play an important role in stabilizing photoprotection in ice algae. In addition, bottom ice algae likely employed a ‘cellular light-exposure memory’ strategy in order to improve their photoacclimative response to changing light exposure. According to our data, this process could be maintained over at least 2 wk. Hence, ice algae may be more resilient to varying light conditions than previously thought and may be well-adapted for the expected future light regime changes associated with variability in snow and sea ice cover.
Recent Progress of Biomarker Detection Sensors

Early cancer diagnosis and treatment are crucial research fields of human health. One method that has proven efficient is biomarker detection which can provide real-time and accurate biological information for early diagnosis. This review presents several biomarker sensors based on electrochemistry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nanowires, other nanostructures, and, most recently, metamaterials which have also shown their mechanisms and prospects in application in recent years. Compared with previous reviews, electrochemistry-based biomarker sensors have been classified into three strategies according to their optimizing methods in this review. This makes it more convenient for researchers to find a specific fabrication method to improve the performance of their sensors. Besides that, as microfabrication technologies have improved and novel materials are explored, some novel biomarker sensors—such as nanowire-based and metamaterial-based biomarker sensors—have also been investigated and summarized in this review, which can exhibit ultrahigh resolution, sensitivity, and limit of detection (LoD) in a more complex detection environment. The purpose of this review is to understand the present by reviewing the past. Researchers can break through bottlenecks of existing biomarker sensors by reviewing previous works and finally meet the various complex detection needs for the early diagnosis of human cancer.
Linear asymmetries and the LCA ∗ Draft 2

Kayne (1994) was instrumental in putting linear asymmetries on the generative research agenda. His Linear Correspondence Axiom is seen as a restrictive, conceptually attractive proposal supported by a wealth of empirical evidence. In this paper, we take issue with this assessment. (i) We show that for every structure that violates the LCA, there is an LCA-compatible counterpart, including rightward movement structures and structures with rightward specifiers. (ii) We discuss Cinque’s 2005 LCA-based analysis of word order in the extended nominal projection, demonstrating that the data ∗Parts of this material were presented at the EGG summerschools in Wroclaw (July 2005) and Olomouc (July 2006), a minicourse Universal 20 without the LCA (Leipzig, December 2005), the Left-Right Seminar (Tromsø, spring 2006), at the University of Edinburgh (February 2006), at GLOW 29 (Barcelona, April 2006), Humboldt University (Berlin, February 2007), and at Senshu University (Tokyo, July 2007). We are grateful to the audiences on all these occasions as well as our colleagues in London and Tromsø for their questions, comments, and suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of CASTL that allowed us to write this paper.
DNA-based analysis of food allergens - development and validation of a real-time PCR method for the detection of DNA from lupine in foods

A real-time PCR method for the detection of DNA from potentially allergenic lupine in foods was developed and validated. The specificity was tested using DNA from 20 lupines and more than 70 food ingredients. The assay enables the amplification of 0.01 pg Lupinus angustifolius DNA. The limit of detection amounts to 0.1 mg/kg in raw foods (processed foods: 1 mg/kg) and varies for different lupine varieties (L. luteus: 5 mg/kg, L. albus: 10 mg/kg). The application of the method to pizza, as an example for processed foods, revealed that the integrity of the DNA is negatively impacted by factors such as heat, low pH and frozen storage. 1 - 10 mg L. angustifolius flour per kg wheat flour were successfully quantified using a method combining real time PCR with the use of a unique internal standard material. This proved the suitability of this approach for the control of potential future thresholds for allergens in foods in the European Union.
Yield Potential Screening of Desi Chickpea Genotypes in Water Stress Conditions

Food legumes are valuable sources of vegetable protein foods, which productivity limited by environmental stresses as drought. To screen some of Iranian drought tolerant Desi chickpea genotypes, twenty-eight lines were assessed with two cultivars namely Pyrooz and Kaka as check varieties and surveying of the drought tolerance indices, too. Cluster analysis on traits-obtained data placed the genotypes 321 and 322 in a same group; these genotypes, moreover, were located with the genotype 10 at a distinc group based on tolerance indices. Total dry matter and grain yield were two characters that have most contribution of first factor; however, second one was justified predominantly by number of seed in the factor analysis. The greatest relationship with yield has shown for total dry matter of this crop. Genotypes with high values for grain yield in stress condition (Ys), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), and harmonic mean (HARM) were highly drought tolerant ones. In this work genotypes 321, 322, and 10 screened as tolerant ones and those of 407, 261, and 247 were susceptible, respectively. The results showed that the intended genotypes had short time of flowering and podding stages, to apply stress at 50% flowering time for overall genotypes.
Forced Enhanced Atomic Refinement Modeling of the Metallic Glass Cu46Zr46Al8

Herein, the structure of Cu46Zr46Al8 is inverted from X‐ray structure factor data and energy minimizations as implemented with forced enhanced atomic refinement (FEAR). The models generated are in good agreement with structural data obtained from diffraction experiment. Voronoi tessellation analysis shows reasonable agreement with previous results, and the models include structural units believed to have slow dynamics near glass transition and be responsible for the excellent glass forming ability of this metallic glass. It is shown, with constant temperature molecular dynamics (MD), that there is a significant increase in the fraction of these particular clusters near the glass transition. Space‐projected conductivity (SPC) calculations show that conduction through Zr dominates over Cu. Vibrational modes are strongly localized on a few Al atoms at high frequencies and distributed almost uniformly on Cu and Zr atoms at low frequencies.
Investigation of Production and Price Relationship in Cow Milk Production by Koyck Model Approach

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of cow milk production and its price in Turkey in the period between 1985-2015.The Koyck model that is one of the distributed lag models was used to analyse of these data. The production of cow milk was considered as dependent variable and the price series consisting of cow milk prices and lagged price series are considered as explanatory variable in the model. According to the results of Koyck model, it was determined that the production of cow milk was affected by the prices of maximum one year retrospectively and the time required to dramatically affect to production of cow milk of the change taken place in prices of cow milk was 2.9 years. Furthermore, the increase of 1 TL in price of cow milk decreases the production of cow milk by 183372.4 tonnes. On the other hand, the increase of 1 TL in prices in the previous period decreases the production of cow milk by 137345.9 tonnes. Based on these data, it can be said that the price of cow milk composed in the free market conditions is rather efficient in determination to production amount. In conclusion, economic measures such as making of production planning, constituting of efficient marketing opportunities, price policies and giving a place to stable production can be taken against to fluctutations in the price increases.