Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malaysian growth centiles for children under six years old

Abstract Background: Growth references are useful for the screening, assessment and monitoring of individual children as well as for evaluating various growth promoting interventions that could possibly affect a child in early life. Aim: To determine the growth centiles of Malaysian children and to establish contemporary cross-sectional growth reference charts for height and weight from birth to 6 years of age based on a representative sample of children from Malaysia. Methods: Gender- and age-specific centile curves for height and weight were derived using the Cole’s LMS method. Data for this study were retrieved from Malaysian government health clinics using a two-stage stratified random sampling technique. Assessment of nutritional status was done with the SD scores (Z-scores) of WHO 2006 standards. Results: Boys were found to be taller and heavier than girls in this study. The median length of Malaysian children was higher than the WHO 2006 standards and CDC 2000 reference. The overall prevalence of stunting and underweight were 8.3% and 9.3%, respectively. Conclusions: This study presents the first large-scale initiative for local reference charts. The growth reference would enable the growth assessment of a Malaysian child compared to the average growth of children in the country. It is suggested that the use of WHO 2006 Child Growth Standards should be complemented with local reference charts for a more wholesome growth assessment.
Motivations of adventure recreation in an emerging market: scale development and an empirical study on mainland Chinese enthusiasts

ABSTRACT China has been recognized as one of the world’s largest tourism markets. However, relatively little attention has been given to this market as potential sources of adventure recreation (AR). Based on in-depth interviews of 31 AR enthusiasts, a pilot online study, and a final survey of 202 Chinese AR enthusiasts, an AR Participating Motivation Scale (PMS) for the Chinese market was developed for the first time and five distinctive motivation factors were identified. The similarities and differences between Chinese and Western AR motivation were discussed. It is hoped to highlight a useful approach to understand Chinese enthusiasts’ diverse psychological demand.
Democratic Sovereignty and Brexit: A Conversation with Richard Tuck on Political Theory and Practice

ABSTRACT Richard Tuck is a prominent political theorist and historian of political thought who conducts wide-ranging studies on texts and authors ancient and modern, across disciplines and traditions. A thinker by training and teacher by profession, Tuck has not refrained from intervening in political discourses of our day, such as the question of Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union. This conversation with Tuck on political theory and its implication for democratic practice and international politics is conducted by Hansong Li on April 9, 2018 at the University of Cambridge.
A depth cascade face detection algorithm based on adaboost

In this paper, a face detection algorithm based on AdaBoost algorithm combined with Haar classifier depth cascade about OpenCV is proposed. In order to solve the problem that the training depth of AdaBoost algorithm is not enough and the Haar classifier is not accurate because of the lack of depth cascade classification. Before the face feature extraction, AdaBoost algorithm is used to train the face samples to train the strong classifier. Then using OpenCV Haar classifier to depth classification for these strong classifier, it equal to cascade the AdaBoost algorithm, using high efficiency characteristic matrix and integral image method to accelerate the extraction rate of image feature values of the Haar-like.
Evaluation of Five Antibody Detection Tests for Diagnosis of Bovine Paratuberculosis

ABSTRACT Five diagnostic tests based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology for bovine paratuberculosis were evaluated by using individual serum or milk samples from 359 dairy cattle in seven paratuberculosis-free herds and 2,094 dairy cattle in seven Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected dairy herds. Three independent laboratories using three different culture procedures completed fecal cultures for M. paratuberculosis on these cattle and found 417 cows to be shedding M. paratuberculosis in their feces. An animal that was fecal culture positive for M. paratuberculosis by any of the three laboratories was considered a confirmed case of infection. The specificity of three ELISAs (two on serum and one on milk) was ≥99.8%. The specificity of the remaining two ELISAs, both done on serum, was 94.9 and 84.7%. Four of the five ELISAs evaluated produced similar sensitivity in detecting fecal culture-positive cattle (27.8 to 28.9%). Serum ELISA “D” had the lowest specificity (84.7%) and the highest sensitivity (44.5%), but if the cutoff value defining a positive test was changed from 125 to 250% (of the positive control) the sensitivity and specificity, 31.8 and 97.5%, respectively, were comparable to those of the other four assays. If the case definition for M. paratuberculosis infection was based on the culture results of a single laboratory instead of the combined results of three laboratories, ELISA sensitivity estimates were 45.7 to 50.0%. With the exception of ELISA D, assay agreement was high (kappa 0.66 to 0.85) for categorical assay interpretations (positive or negative), but linear regression of quantitative results showed low correlation coefficients (r2 = 0.40 to 0.68) due to the fact that ELISA results for some cows were high in one assay but low in another assay. Likelihood ratio analysis showed a direct relationship between the magnitude of ELISA result and the odds of a cow shedding M. paratuberculosis in its feces. If used judiciously and interpreted quantitatively, these ELISAs are useful tools in support of paratuberculosis control programs in dairy herds.
A Tautologies-Founded IS-LM Model

The paper combines five tautologies to come up with a model that is structurally similar to the IS-LM model but has five advantages vis-a-vis the IS-LM model. The model also has seven advantages vis-a-vis simple New Keynesian models such as Romer's IS-MP model or Carlin's and Soskice's IS-MR model.
Long‐Term effects of silastic® sheeting in the middle ear

Silastic® sheeting is used to restore a mucosally lined middle ear space and to prevent mucosal adhesions between the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and the promontory after surgical procedures involving the removal of middle ear mucosa. To determine the long‐term (1.2 to 21.2 years) effects of Silastic sheeting in the middle ear, six temporal bones from patients with permanent Silastic sheeting in the middle ear cavity after single‐stage tympanoplasty were examined. In all six bones, no histologic evidence of foreign body reaction, rejection, or chronic inflammation in the middle ear surrounding the silicone sheeting was observed. Furthermore, the middle ear space was lined by normal‐appearing, continuous middle ear mucosa. In four temporal bones, there was no evidence of significant submucosal fibrosis. In two bones, significant submucosal fibrosis was attributable to concurrent middle ear disease rather than to the presence of the silicone. It is concluded that Silastic sheeting in the middle ear after single‐stage procedures may prevent adhesions between mucosal surfaces. Given eustachian tube function, Silastic promotes a mucosally lined, aerated middle ear cavity without apparent foreign body reaction, rejection, or chronic inflammatory response.
Daily foraging routines and feeding effort of a small bird feeding on a predictable resource

According to theory, a small diurnal bird living in a predictable environment should have the highest feeding effort as late as possible in the day in order to minimize the time it carries large and costly reserves. The feeding effort should also decline with increasing food availability. We tested both these ideas with the lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor). For most of the year, this bird feeds on wood–living insects in dead tree branches. This food supply is likely to be highly predictable on a daily scale. Our results corroborated the theory. We found that the proportion of time spent actively feeding was lower in the mornings (before noon) than in the afternoons. We also found that woodpeckers spent less time feeding the higher their food availability. However, for a given food availability they spent more time feeding in the afternoons. This supports the idea that feeding is less and other activities are more valuable in the mornings given a predictable food resource. This is the first demonstration of daily routines in small birds concordant with a predictable environment. In spring, males but not females reduced their feeding time. This difference between the sexes may be related to their sex–specific reproductive effort.
Age and sex dependence of forced expiratory central airway collapse in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND A recent estimate for the normal range of forced expiratory tracheal collapse differs substantially from that in an earlier study performed with comparable measurement methods. Given differences in subject characteristics between the two samples, we hypothesized that these discrepant findings may reflect a heretofore unrecognized association between forced expiratory tracheal collapse and age or sex. METHODS We enrolled 40 female and 41 male healthy volunteers between 25 and 75 years of age who were without respiratory symptoms or known risk factors for tracheomalacia. Subjects underwent low-dose CT scanning at total lung capacity (TLC) and during forced exhalation (Expdyn) with spirometric monitoring and coaching. Percentage forced expiratory collapse was regressed on age for the total sample and separately within sex. RESULTS Mean tracheal cross-sectional area (CSA) was 2.54 cm(2) ± 0.57 cm(2) at TLC and 1.15 cm(2) ± 0.53 cm(2) at Expdyn. Mean percentage forced expiratory collapse (%collapse) was 54% ± 20%. Men aged 24 to 31 years (n = 12) had mean %collapse of 36% ± 19%, comparable to results previously reported for similarly aged men (35% ± 18%). Men, but not women, showed a significant positive correlation (R(2) = 0.40, P < . 001) between %collapse and age. Older men had both greater CSA at TLC (P = .02) and smaller CSA at Expdyn (P = .001) than younger men. CONCLUSIONS Men exhibit positive age dependence of forced expiratory tracheal collapse. The influence of age and sex on forced expiratory tracheal collapse should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of expiratory dynamic airway collapse and/or tracheomalacia.
Analysing the "field" of patient safety employing Bourdieusian technologies.

PURPOSE This paper aims to analyse the development of patient safety as a field within which patients are peripheral stakeholders. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The authors examined the patient safety movement from the perspective of a field in which agents struggle for control over various forms of capital, including economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital. In order to undertake this analysis the authors drew on the literature on errors and patient safety, key inquiries into patient safety, and research conducted with health professionals in New South Wales, Australia. FINDINGS The patient safety movement has created a heightened sense of awareness of errors and risk across health systems, thereby attracting and creating significant amounts of capital. The authors argue that in the process of struggle to constitute and contain a new field of health, patients and their narratives are rendered vulnerable to appropriation and incorporation. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS By considering patient safety from a sociological rather than a technical framework, it is possible to gain new insights into why reducing the levels of medical errors have proven so difficult. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Improved knowledge of how patient safety operates as a field may contribute to more effective strategies in reducing those types of errors. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Despite the growth in the number of publications in patient safety there has been only minimal analysis of the field itself, rather than its technical or organisational components. This paper contributes to a new way of conceptualising and enacting patient safety, one that acknowledges the vulnerability of the parties involved, particularly patients.
Preoperative Radiotherapy Has No Value for Patients with T2–3, N0 Adenocarcinomas of the Rectum

Background: Treatment of rectal cancer with preoperative radiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision is nowadays the standard treatment. It reduces local recurrences and improves overall survival. However, in patients with T2–3, N0 rectal cancer, the role of preoperative radiotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to review the benefit of radiotherapy in T2 and T3, N0 rectal cancer patients. Methods: Between 1996 and 2003, 103 patients with T2–3, N0 rectal cancer were identified in our prospective database. This study evaluated time to local recurrence, distant metastases and overall survival. Results: Median follow-up was 4.3 years. The 5-year local control rate was 94%. The 5-year overall survival was 65%. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 82%. Preoperative radiotherapy did not show any statistical differences. Abdominal perineal resection and T3 tumors negatively influenced overall survival (p = 0.02). Advanced age was of significant importance in overall survival. Conclusions: Preoperative radiotherapy does not seem to be of significant importance in patients with T2–3, N0 rectal cancer regarding local recurrence and survival. Since preoperative radiotherapy is associated with short- and long-term morbidity, patients with T2–3, N0 tumors should be identified and treated with surgery alone.
A survey on the use of techniques, materials in dental implantology practice.

PURPOSE To present results of a survey on the status of an implantology amongst implant-practicing dentist across the world in 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was sent to the members of EAO (European Association of Osseointegration), ICOI (International Congress of Osseointegrated Implants), ISOI (Indian Society of Oral Implantologists), Asian Academy of Osseointegration (AAO), Deutsche Gasellschaft Fur Orale Implantologie (DGOI), Philippines Implant Organization, Korean Society of Oral Implantologist, Japanese Association of OralIimplantologists, Chinese Dental Association, Pakistan Dental Association, asking for the personal (anonymous) background data and their implantology concepts. Specific questions dealt with level of recognition of implants, use of implants, superstructures, techniques followed, and materials used. RESULTS A total of 1500 (63.6%) of the 2358 questionnaires were answered. Dental implants were the most preferred treatment modality for restoring the missing teeth. Threaded implants were the most preferred. Cement retained implant prosthesis was the most preferred restoration procedure. Dentists believe that the general dentist should practice dental implant treatment modality, preferably teamwork. Immediate loading was the much-accepted concept among the dentists of the developed nations. CONCLUSION Dental implants were much accepted treatment modality for the replacement of missing teeth. Most the dentists follow the well documented technique and proven materials, which have been documented in the literature, an evidenced based practice, thus, delivering the best to their patients. Dentists from the developing nations agreed to have standardization in implants.
Mini‐review: Regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells: peaceful coexistence of cross‐priming and direct priming?

Cross‐priming is the process whereby professional APC, mainly dendritic cells (DC), prime T cells by presenting antigens processed from proteins of other cells such as tumor cells or virus‐infected cells. It has been argued that the importance of cross‐priming of CD8+ CTL responses has been overemphasized, despite strong evidence that these mechanisms operate when infectious organisms, tumors or self antigens cannot efficiently access the biosynthetic MHC class I processing pathway of DC. Since DC are ideally equipped to capture exogenous antigen and also, particularly in the mature state, express costimulatory molecules, itis difficult to distinguish whether effects are due to cross‐presentation, costimulation, or both. Whether cross‐priming or cross‐tolerance occurs depends on the maturation state of the DC, as wellas the levels of MHC class I‐bound peptides they present. Cross‐presentation of tumor‐derived antigens has been demonstrated but, importantly, requires adequate APC activation to prime CTL responses. Similarly, cross‐presentation of antigens from infectious organisms appears to be common, and frequently leads to cross‐priming. Interactions between cross‐presenting DC, CD4+ cellsand CD8+ T cells in the establishment of immunological memory are still not well defined. Experiments utilizing DC depletion are needed to further examine the role of processes such as cross‐priming and costimulation in the immune response.
T2 vertebrectomy with combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis for treatment of a solitary plasmacytoma

Background: Plasma cell neoplasmas are a heterogenous group of neoplastic tumor lesions occurring secondary to disordered proliferation of cells from a monocyte lineage. Plasmacytoma is a rare lesion that accounts for 5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. The current recommended treatment for solitary plasmacytoma is moderate dose radiation therapy. For patients who are suffering from axial back pain, spinal instability, radiculopathy, or bowel/bladder dysfunction secondary to spinal cord compression, surgical intervention with spinal decompression and stabilization can be used as an adjuvant to radiation therapy. Case Description: We report a patient who presented with worsening axial and bilateral upper extremity pain. He was found to have a locally aggressive tumor involving the vertebral body of T2. After a repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy, the diagnosis of a solitary plasmacytoma was confirmed. It destroyed over 90% of the T2 vertebral body, resulted in 22° of local kyphosis, and caused spinal cord compression. The tumor was treated with a T2 vertebrectomy, posterior arthrodesis from C5–T4, and anterior arthrodesis from T1–3. Conclusions: Solitary plasmacytomas of the vertebral bodies are difficult lesions to treat secondary to their location and risk of neurologic compromise. Surgical intervention with tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation is the recommended treatment option.
Design and simulation implementation of protection algorithms based on Network Coding in mesh networks

Since people increasingly depend on the communication network in all aspects of social life, they propose the greater demand for network bandwidth and more stringent requirement for network survivability. Based on this idea people proposed the protection algorithm based on the network coding that is a breakthrough in information processing and transmission theory in communication network since it allows the network node to encode the information while the traditional network node can only store and forward the data. This paper proposes a new Network Coding based on P-cycle protection (NCP) algorithm then analyzes the algorithm complexity and performance. The author describes the algorithm in detail of construction and the implementation process.
Generalized Hybrid Surface Integral Equations for Finite Periodic Perfectly Conducting Objects

Hybrid formulations that are based on simultaneous applications of diversely weighted electric-field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic-field integral equation (MFIE) on periodic but finite structures involving perfectly conducting surfaces are presented. Formulations are particularly designed for closed conductors by considering the unit cells of periodic structures as sample problems for optimizing EFIE and MFIE weights in selected regions. Three-region hybrid formulations, which are designed by genetic optimizations, are demonstrated. Comparisons to the conventional combined-field integral equation show the benefits of the generalized formulations in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Cultural and Linguistic Competence in Organizations Serving People with Disabilities: Recommendations and Exploration of Training Practices

People with disabilities from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds experience discrimination related to their multiple cultural identities. Complex organizational responses and workforce training are needed to effectively address the resulting inequalities they experience. Yet, there is little guidance about effective practices for organizations serving people with disabilities from CLD backgrounds. Similarly, little research exists about effective cultural and linguistic competence (CLC) training provided by such organizations. Chapter 1 details a scoping review study that identified 29 documents related to CLC for organizations supporting people with disabilities from CLD backgrounds. Frequency counts and a qualitative thematic analysis were used to describe those documents and their recommendations. Although 24 themes were identified that provide relevant organizational CLC recommendations, few of the reviewed documents attended to the intersection of disability and race/ethnicity, exhibited methodological rigor, or included perspectives of diverse people with disabilities. Often, recommendations in the identified documents lacked clarity and detail, and were therefore not easily translatable into interventions. In most documents, little attention was paid to standards or methods that could be used to evaluate the recommended CLC initiatives. A series of tables present the documents, their qualities, and 24 recommendation themes. Chapter 2 is an exploratory, holistic, and retrospective single-case study of CLC training provided by an interdisciplinary leadership training program. Multi-source interviews and review of archival data were used to research evidence of the presence of activities, content, and structure of infused CLC training in a yearlong training program designed to develop leadership abilities in an interdisciplinary group of disability-serving professionals and advocates. Interviews were conducted with three course faculty and three trainees of the 2015-2016 training year. Archival data from the 2015-2016 training year contributed triangulation across type of data. Qualitative analysis and interpretation were performed by a diverse research team. The results and discussion are presented via thick description and illustrate a model of CLC training that seeks to acculturate trainees to a collaborative culture of humility, inclusion, and social justice via a learning community mechanism. INDEX WORDS: Disparities, Disability, Cultural competence, Systems-change, Training CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE FOR SERVING DIVERSE PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: RECOMMENDATIONS AND EXPLORATION OF TRAINING PRACTICES