Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic Gas-Liquid Interfacial Equation Based on Thermodynamic and Mathematical Approaches

At a gas–liquid interface, many complicated phenomena such as evaporation, condensation, electrokinesis, and heat and mass transfer occur. These phenomena are widely seen in various industrial and chemical systems. In chemical or biochemical reactive operations, bubble columns are used for increasing the mass transfer through the interface and for enhancing the separation of mixtures by rectification and water purification (Hong and Brauer 1989; Alvarez et al. 2000). However, the interfacial phenomena have various time and space scales (multi-scale) that are interrelated at the interface. Therefore, modeling gas– liquid interfaces over a wide range of scales spanning molecular motion to vortical fluid motion is very difficult, and this has remained one of the key unresolved issues in multiphase flow science and engineering since a long time. In particular, the mechanism for bubble coalescence/repulsion behaviour is unknown, although it is a superficially simple behaviour and fundamental phenomena in bubbly flows. In order to evaluate the interfacial interactions such as bubble coalescence and repulsion quantitatively, we need a new gas– liquid interfacial model based on the multi-scale concept which is expressed mathematically and that takes into account physical and chemical phenomena and heat and mass transfer at the interface. In the theoretical point of view, the interfacial equation for a macroscopic-scale gas–liquid interface is mainly characterized by a jump condition. The macroscopic interface is discontinuous, and its physical properties such as density, viscosity, and temperature have discontinuous values. The jump condition has been discussed in terms of the mechanical energy balance (Scriven, 1960; Delhaye, 1974) using Stokes’ theorem, the Gauss divergence theorem, differential geometry and so on. In these theorems, a test volume is considered at the interface between two continuous phases. In the derivation, the surface force acting on the discontinuous interface is modeled using the Young–Laplace equation. However, in such a mechanical approach, the definition of the curvature is unclear at the interface, and the surface tension coefficient is treated as a macroscopic experimental value. The interfacial model, which is based only on the mechanical energy balance, cannot take into account detailed physical and chemical phenomena occurring at the interface. In particular, the contamination at the interface, which is related to electric charges, is important for an
Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy

Changes in thyroid function tests occur during pregnancy as a result of physiologic altera‐ tions in several factors controlling thyroid homeostasis. Urinary iodine excretion increases along with the increase in thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) concentrations. Human cho‐ rionic gonadotrophin (hCG) having structural homology with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), stimulates thyroid cells. Thus, during pregnancy, functional activity and size of the thyroid gland are increased. Pregnancy is a stress test for the thyroid resulting in hypothyr‐ oidism in women with limited thyroidal reserve or iodine deficiency [1].
Comment on the IASB Discussion Paper ‘Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customers’

The joint IASB and FASB Discussion Paper “Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customers” from December 2008 proposes a single standard for the accounting of contracts with customers. It aims to eliminate inconsistencies in current IFRSs and US GAAP. A contract with customers consists of performance obligations, which are defined as a promise to transfer an asset (good or service) to the customer. The contract is recognized as a (net) contract asset or contract liability. Revenue is recognized when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The key criterion is the transfer of control of the asset to the customer (rather than the entity’s activities to satisfy the obligation). Measurement of the performance obligation and the contractual rights would be based on the transaction price, which is allocated to the performance obligations based on their stand-alone selling prices. A performance obligation should not be adjusted subsequently except if it is deemed onerous. The proposed revenue recognition principle is conceptually significantly different from the current rules, and it would change accounting practice particularly for construction contracts and for multi-element contracts. The preliminary views of IASB and FASB stated in the Discussion Paper contain a number of fundamental issues, on which the boards invite views from their constituencies.
Relative Age Effects: Implications for Leadership Development

Relative age effects (RAEs) have been widely studied in the contexts of education and sport over the past 25 years. The RAE phenomenon is concerned with identifying age (dis)advantages relative to other children within a pre-defined age group. While intended to promote equality and fairness through the maintenance of general developmental similarities (e.g., cognitive, physiological), agebased grouping policies common to most educational and sport development systems have had the unintended consequence of advantaging “relatively” older children, while disadvantaging those who are “relatively” younger within the same cohort. Differences in developmental outcomes as a result of relative age have been shown to persist throughout adulthood resulting in considerable long-term social, emotional, and economic benefits (or detriments). The purpose of this review paper is to introduce readers to the RAE phenomenon, explore its underlying causes, examine its shortand long-term discriminatory effects, and provide directions for future research in this area, particularly as they pertain to leadership development.
Some Properties of Crude Carboxymethyl Cellulase of Aspergillus niger Z10 Wild-Type Strain

A carboxymethyl cellulase enzyme was prepared from a wild type strain of Aspergillus niger Z10. Analyses of the enzyme preparation by SDS-PAGE revealed two protein bands showing cellulolytic activity. The molecular weight of these bands was estimated to be around 83,000 and 50,000. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was observed to be around 40 °C. It was found that the enzyme's activity has a broad pH range between 3 to 9 and 41.2% of the original activity was retained after heat treatment at 90 °C for 15 min.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of antioxidants on the chilled-stored ram semen Kheradmand

The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of different antioxidants on the motility and membrane integrity of the ram semen during storage at 5oC for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs after collection and dilution. A total of 57 ejaculates from 12 Bakhtiary rams was collected by artificial vagina and were extended 1 : 3 with egg yolk-citrate buffer, which was containing one of the following antioxidants: BSA 1% (w/v), BSA 3%, BSA 1% + sucrose 10%, BSA 3% + sucrose 10%, vitamin E (1 mg), vitamin E (2 mg), ascorbic acid (0.9 mg/ml) and control group without any antioxidant. Percent of motile sperm (PMS), rate of forward movement (RFM) and membrane integrity in extenders contained vitamin E groups were significantly higher up to 48 hrs than other groups (P<0.05). Although, addition of 2 mg vitamin E was more effective than 1 mg vitamin E in sperm protection, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Likewise, addition of BSA alone or in combination with sucrose was superior to ascorbic acid in maintenance of sperm motility and membrane integrity. It seems that sucrose has not positive effect on these 3 parameters in combination with BSA. In conclusion, adding vitamin E to the extender of ram semen during dilution is superior in maintenance of sperm kinematic parameters up to 48 hrs during storage at 5oC.
Elastohydrodynamic wake and wave resistance

The dynamics of a thin elastic sheet lubricated by a narrow layer of liquid is relevant to various situations and length scales. As a continuation of our previous work on viscous wakes (Ledesma-Alonso et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 792, 2016, pp. 829–849), we study theoretically the effects of an external pressure disturbance moving at constant speed along the surface of a thin lubricated elastic sheet. In the comoving frame, the imposed pressure field creates a stationary deformation of the free interface that spatially vanishes in the far-field region. The shape of the wake and the way it decays depend on the speed and size of the external disturbance, as well as the rheological properties of both the elastic and liquid layers. The wave resistance, namely the force that has to be externally furnished in order to maintain the wake, is analysed in detail.
COMPACT MICROWAVE PLANAR BAND PASS FILTER

The need for the compactness of microwave filter at high frequency application has lead to the design of microwave planar band pass filter which passes certain range of frequencies. The aim of this paper is to study and implement a compact microwave planar band pass filter operates in 3.1GHz-10.6GHz which is the ultra-wide band range. It uses multiple mode resonator (MMR) and inter digital coupled lines to improve upper stop band performance and coupling degree. Simulation of the proposed microwave filter structures is done with the help of HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software.
New Smooth Projective Hashing For Oblivious Transfer

Oblivious transfer is an important tool against malicious cloud server providers. Halevi-Kalai OT, which is based on smooth projective hash(SPH), is a famous and the most efficient framework for 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer (OT1) against malicious adversaries in plain model. A natural question however, which so far has not been answered, is whether its security level can be improved, i.e., whether it can be made fully-simulatable. In this paper, we press a new SPH variant, which enables a positive answer to above question. In more details, it even makes fully-simulatable OTt (n, t ∈ N and n > t) possible. We instantiate this new SPH variant under not only the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption, the decisional N-th residuosity assumption and the decisional quadratic residuosity assumption as currently existing SPH constructions, but also the learning with errors (LWE) problem. Before this paper, there is a folklore that it is technically difficult to instantiate SPH under the lattice assumption (e.g., LWE). Considering quantum adversaries in the future, lattice-based SPH makes important sense.
A PROXY SIGNATURE SCHEME BASED ON NEW SECURE AUTHENTICATED KEY AGREEMENT PROTOCOL

Proxy signature scheme permits an original signer to delegate his/her signing capability to a proxy signer and then the proxy signer generates a signing message on behalf of the original signer. So far, the proxy signature scheme is only applied in a special duration, when the original signer is not in his office or when he travels outside. The two parties must be able to authenticate one another and agree on a secret encryption key, in order to communicate securely over an unreliable public network. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building a secure communications network between the two parties. In this paper, we propose a secure proxy signature scheme over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on RSA cryptosystem.
rp)-STIRLING NUMBERS OF THE SECOND KIND

Let R1, . , Rp be subsets of the set [n] = {1, . , n} with |Ri| = ri and Ri∩Rj = ∅ for all i, j = 1, . , p, i "= j. The (r1, . . . , rp)-Stirling number of the second kind, p ≥ 1, introduced in this paper and denoted by {n k } r1,. ,rp , counts the number of partitions of the set [n] into k classes (or blocks) such that the elements in each Ri, i = 1, . , p, are in different classes (or blocks). Combinatorial and algebraic properties of these numbers are explored.
The role of the laparoscopy in ovarian cancer treatment

Laparoscopy is usually undertaken in young women with adnexal disease that is believed to be benign, but found to be malignant at surgery. Some surgeons use laparascopy for staging, but mainly for presumed stage I or II ovarian cancer. Also, laparoscopy can be useful for selecting women who can be optimally debulked at primary surgery. There are some concerns about using laparoscopic approach in women with ovarian cancer: port-site metastasis, possibility of intraoperative rupture of tumor and eff ect of pneumoperitoneum. Studies showed that rate of port-site metastasis after laparoscopic surgery in women with ovarian cancer is low and usually occurs when there is peritoneal carcinomatosis or distant metastatic disease. Also, it seems that laparoscopy with CO(2) pneumoperitoneum does not reduce the overall survival in women with intraabdominal metastases. Preoperative rupture, surface capsular invasion and positive peritoneal cytology are more relevant in terms of prognosis than intraoperative rupture, but further research is needed. Conventional laparoscopy and robotic-assisted laparoscopy are comparable in both early and advanced disease. These approaches are not inferior to laparotomy and they are acceptable access in selected patients.
Web Application Vulnerabilities: A Survey

the last few years, the discovery of World Wide Web (WWW) has grown very much. Today, WWW applications are routinely utilized in security critical environments, like e- commerce, medical, financial, and military systems etc. WWW systems are an organization of infrastructure elements, like web databases and servers, and application-specific code, such as HTML scripts and CGI programs etc. While the core elements are usually developed by knowledgeable programmers with valid security skills this ensuing vulnerable web-based applications and accessible to the complete web, creating easily- abusing access points for the conciliation of entire networks. During this paper, we survey the current approaches to internet vulnerability analysis and that we propose a classification along two characterizing: detection and prevention model and study these methods. Furthermore we describe the foremost regular attacks in contrast to web-based applications and explore the effectiveness of sure analysis techniques in characteristic specific categories of flaws.
Storage and Drying Time Effects on Digestibility and Amino Acid Composition of Dried Smoked Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Fillets

This study assessed the effect of storage on the amino acid composition of dried horse mackerel fillets. Dried horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) fillets were prepared by smoking brined horse mackerel fillets in a traditional improved kiln for 4 hours at 60-70℃. The fillets were later oven-dried at 65-70℃ for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of dried fillets over the 8 hours of drying (from 99.44% in control sample to 95.02% for the 8 hour dried sample), while storage decreased the IVPD of the samples from a range of 99.44 - 94.07% in control sample to 95.02 to 89.60 % in the 8 hour dried sample. Drying reduced the amino acid composition of the horse mackerel fillets from 47.10 g/100g protein in control sample to 27.14 g/100g protein in 8 hour dried. The results also showed that the total amino acids significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from the range of 47.10 to 27.14 g/100g protein on the 0 day to 27.42 -14.58 g/100g protein on the last (30 th ) day of storage. Essential amino acids reduced from the range of 25.40 - 14.01 g/100g protein on the 0 day to 14.64 - 7.42 g/100g protein while the non essential amino acids also decreased from a range of 21.71 - 13.13 g/100g protein on the 0 day to 12.78 - 7.16 g/100g protein on the last day of storage. In conclusion, both drying and storage affected the IVPD and the amino acid composition. However, results showed that they could still meet the amino acid requirement of an adult (70 kg) man.
A No-Reference Image Quality Metric Sensitive to Blur

The quality of digital image is rarely perfect and images are usually subject to distortions during acquisition, compression, transmission, processing and reproduction. No-reference (NR) image quality assessment refers to the problem of evaluating the visual quality of an image without any reference. The aim of this paper is to develop a novel NR blur metric (NRBM) for quality evaluation of blurry image. The experimental results indicate that the proposed assessment method gives high correlation with subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS).
APPLICATION OF ENHANCED CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE USING SIMILARITY MEASURE FOR MARKET SEGMENTATION

Segmentation is one of the very important strategic tools used by the marketer. Segmentation strategy is based on the concept that no firm can satisfy all needs of one customer or one need of all the customers. The customers are too numerous and diverse in their buying requirements, hence the marketers or companies cannot cater to the requirements of all customers that too in a broad market such as two-wheelers. Cluster analysis is a class of techniques used to identify the group of customers with similar behaviors given a large database of customer data containing their properties and past buying records. Clustering is one of the unsupervised learning method in which a set of data points are separated into uniform groups. The k-means is one of the most widely used clustering techniques used for various applications. The main drawback of original k-means clustering algorithm is dead centers. Dead centers are centers that have no associated data points. The original k-means clustering algorithm with Euclidian distance treats all features equally and does not accurately reflect the similarity among data points. In this paper, an attempt has been made to apply enhanced clustering algorithm which uses similarity measure for clustering (segmentation) of two-wheeler market data. The enhanced clustering algorithm works in two phases; Seed Point Selection and Clustering. The method adapts new strategy to cluster data points more efficiently and accurately, and also avoids dead centers. The enhanced clustering algorithm is found to be efficient in meaningful segmentation of two-wheeler market data. The results of market segmentation are discussed.
Signed polyomino tilings by n-in-line polyominoes and Groebner bases

Conway and Lagarias observed that a triangular region T(m) in a hexagonal lattice admits signed tiling by three-in-line polyominoes (tribones) if and only if m=9d-1 or m=9d for some integer d. We apply the theory of Groebner bases over integers to show that T(m) admits a signed tiling by n-in-line polyominoes (n-bones) if and only if m=dn^2-1 or m=dn^2 for some integer d. Explicit description of the Groebner basis allows us to calculate the "Groebner discrete volume" of a lattice region by applying the division algorithm to its `Newton polynomial'. Among immediate consequences is a description of the tile homology group of the $n$-in-line polyomino.
A Review of Neural Network based Semantic Segmentation for Scene Understanding in Context of the self driving Car

This paper tackles the challenge of scene understanding in context of automated driving. To react properly to the conditions given by the surrounding scene, the car has to understand it’s environment. Further the real time capability of a method solving this task is essential. For scene understanding the car has to detect and classify surrounding objects. For this purpose one can employ a semantic segmentation to assign a class label to every pixel. In this paper we evaluate the the state of the art methods for the semantic segmentation and perform tests on the FCN-8 architecture. Due to Hardware limitations, we train the FCN-8 on a downscaled version of the Cityscapes Dataset, containing urban traffic scenes. The evaluation of the results shows, the necessity to train the FCN-8 on the original size City Scapes Dataset. We conclude that we need to purchase a better hardware.
Long-term Periodicities of Cataclysmic Variables with Synoptic Surveys

A systematic study on the long-term periodicities of known Galactic cataclysmic variables (CVs) was conducted. Among 1580 known CVs, 344 sources were matched and extracted from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) data repository. The PTF light curves were combined with the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS) light curves and analyzed. Ten targets were found to exhibit long-term periodic variability, which is not frequently observed in the CV systems. These long-term variations are possibly caused by various mechanisms, such as the precession of the accretion disk, hierarchical triple star system, magnetic field change of the companion star, and other possible mechanisms. We discuss the possible mechanisms in this study. If the long-term period is less than several tens of days, the disk precession period scenario is favored. However, the hierarchical triple star system or the variations in magnetic field strengths are most likely the predominant mechanisms for longer periods.
Use of Partial Stimulus Information by Cochlear Implant Patients and Normal-Hearing Listeners in Identifying Spoken Words: Some Preliminary Analyses 1

An error analysis of the word recognition responses of cochlear implant patients and normal-hearing listeners was conducted to determine the types of partial information used by these two populations when they identify spoken words under auditory-alone and audiovisual conditions. The results revealed that different types of partial information are used by the two groups in identifying spoken words under audioalone or audiovisual presentation. Different types of partial information are also used in identifying words with different lexical properties. However, there were no significant interactions with hearing status, indicating that cochlear implant patients and normalhearing listeners identify spoken words in a similar manner. The information available to patients with cochlear implants preserves much of the partial information necessary for accurate spoken word recognition.
Spatial magneto-seismology: effect of density stratification on the first harmonic amplitude profile of transversal coronal loop oscillations

Context. The new generation of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) imagers onboard missions such as the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Solar Orbiter (SO) will provide the most accurate spatial measurements of post-flare coronal loop oscillations yet. The amplitude profiles of these loop oscillations contain important information about plasma fine structure in the corona. Aims. We show that the position of the anti-nodes of the amplitude profile of the first harmonic of the standing fast kink wave of a coronal loop relate to the plasma density stratification of that loop. Methods. The MHD kink transversal waves of coronal loops are modelled both numerically and analytically. The numerical model implements the implicit finite element code pollux. Dispersion relations are derived and solved analytically. The results of the two methods are compared and verified. Results. Density stratification causes the anti-nodes of the first harmonic to shift towards the loop footpoints. The greater the density stratification, the larger the shift. The anti-node shift of the first harmonic of a semi-circular coronal loop with a density scale height H = 50 Mm and loop half length L = 100 Mm is approximately 5.6 Mm. Shifts in the Mm range are measureable quantities providing valuable information about the subresolution structure of coronal loops. Conclusions. The measurement of the anti-node shift of the first harmonic of the standing fast kink wave of coronal loops is potentially a new tool in the field of solar magneto-seismology, providing a novel complementary method of probing plasma fine structure in the corona.