Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial dental restorative materials: A review.

PURPOSE To provide updated summary information about antibacterial dental materials, primarily covering the literature from 2012 through 2017. METHODS A key-worded search was conducted of peer-reviewed literature (Titles/Abstracts) indexed by PubMed databases, constrained to "English" and " dental" publications between the years 2012 and 2017. Key words applied to the search included: antimicrobial, antibacterial, primer, bonding agent, adhesive, cement, composite, liner, sealant, etchant, and core-build-up. Titles and abstracts of the articles returned by the search were reviewed and evaluated for appropriateness for inclusion in this review. RESULTS A variety of antibacterial agents have been incorporated into experimental and commercial dental restorative materials to provide antibacterial activity in dental applications. No new antibacterial compounds were introduced in this review period (2012-2017), since the last review of period of 1980-2012. Antibacterial agents include leachable compounds (e.g. benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine), polymerizable monomers (e.g. quaternary ammonium methacrylates), and filler particles (e.g. silver nanoparticle). During the 2012-2017 review period, many antibacterial agents were tested in experimental formulations, but only four agents (benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, glutaraldehyde, and MDPB) were used in commercial products. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Leachable antibacterial agents are the most frequently used type of antibacterial dental materials, but their efficacy may be short-lived due to their characteristic burst effect. Solid filler particles appear to be effective antibacterial agents, especially given their ability to reduce biofilm formation, but the color stability of their component metal particles is unfavorable for use in a commercial product. Polymerizable antibacterial agents (MDPB) are theoretically a good choice of material because they are very effective at killing any residual bacteria in a cavity preparation prior to polymerization, however, apart from their proven effect on reduction of biofilm formation, their long-term clinical performance is still questionable.
Producers and scroungers: feeding-type composition changes with group size in a socially foraging spider

In groups of socially foraging animals, feeding behaviour may change with group size in response to varying cost–benefit trade-offs. Numerous studies have described group-size effects on group-average feeding behaviour, particularly emphasizing an increase in scrounging incidence for larger groups, where individuals (scroungers) feed from the food sources others (producers) discovered. However, individual variation in feeding behaviour remains unconsidered in the vast majority of these studies even though theoretical models predict individuals to specialize in feeding tactic and anticipate higher scrounger-type frequencies in larger groups. We combined group-level and individual-level analyses of group-size effects on social foraging in the subsocial spider Australomisidia ergandros. Lending novel experimental support to model predictions, we found that individuals specialize in feeding tactic and that higher scrounging and lower producing incidence in larger groups were mediated through shifts in the ratio of feeding types. Further, feeding-type specialization was not explained by innate individual differences in hunting ability as all feeding types were equally efficient in prey capture when foraging alone. Context adaptivity of feeding behaviour might allow this subsocial species to succeed under varying socioecological conditions.
Unusual expression of human lymphocyte antigen class II in normal renal microvascular endothelium.

BACKGROUND The human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class II proteins (DR, DQ, and DP) and DM, a protein involved in loading antigenic peptide onto the class II molecules, have a coordinate regulation that facilitates antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. CIITA is a specific transcription factor responsible for the coordinate regulation of these genes. DR expression in the kidney was described to be constitutive on renal microvascular endothelium in the early 1980s, but expression of other genes involved in class II antigen presentation (DQ, DP, DM, and CIITA) has not been characterized. METHODS Expression of the HLA class II proteins, DM, and CIITA in normal human kidney cortex was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy, Northern blots, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The endothelium of glomerular and peritubular capillaries constitutively express DR, as indicated by colocalization of DR and CD31 antibodies. However, the endothelium of larger renal blood vessels is devoid of class II proteins. Capillaries that express DR do not have detectable DQ, DP, or DM by immunofluorescence. Northern blots identified DR, DP, and DM mRNAs but not DQ mRNA. CIITA was amplified by RT-PCR at a level that could account for the class II expressed by the microvascular endothelium. CONCLUSION The renal microvascular endothelium constitutively expresses DR without the other class II proteins or DM. This discoordinate expression of HLA class II genes is unusual and may contribute to the kidney's ability to control CD4+ T-cell responses.
Aurora kinase Ipl1 facilitates bilobed distribution of clustered kinetochores to ensure error-free chromosome segregation in Candida albicans

Candida albicans, an ascomycete, has an ability to switch to diverse morphological forms. While C. albicans is predominatly diploid, it can tolerate aneuploidy as a survival strategy under stress. Aurora kinase B homolog Ipl1 is a critical ploidy regulator that controls microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we show that Ipl1 in C. albicans has a longer activation loop than that of the well-studied ascomycete S. cerevisiae. Ipl1 localizes to the kinetochores during the G1/S phase and associates with the spindle during mitosis. Ipl1 regulates cell morphogenesis and is required for cell viability. Ipl1 monitors microtubule dynamics which is mediated by separation of spindle pole bodies. While Ipl1 is dispensable for maintaining structural integrity and clustering of kinetochores in C. albicans, it is required for the maintenance of kinetochore geometry to form bilobed structures along the mitotic spindle, a feature of Ipl1 that was not observed in other yeasts. Depletion of Ipl1 results in erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments leading to aneuploidy-associated resistance to fluconazole, the most common anti-fungal drug used to treat Candida infections. Taking together, we suggest that Ipl1 spatiotemporally ensures kinetochore geometry to facilitate bipolar spindle assembly crucial for ploidy maintenance in C. albicans.
Risk factors of survival after liver transplantation for HCC: a multivariate single‐center analysis

Hoffmann K, Hinz U, Hillebrand N, Radeleff BA, Ganten TM, Schirmacher P, Schmidt J, Büchler MW, Schemmer P. Risk factors of survival after liver transplantation for HCC: a multivariate single‐center analysis. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E541–E551. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Urbanicity and risk of first-episode psychosis: incidence study in Brazil

We estimated the incidence of first-episode psychosis over a 3-year period in a Brazilian catchment area comprising the region's main city, Ribeirão Preto (1 425 306 persons-years at risk), and 25 other municipalities with a total of 1 646 556 persons-years at risk. The incidence rates were estimated and adjusted by gender and age, using the direct standardisation method to the world population as reference. The incidence of psychosis was higher in the younger groups, men, and among Black and minority ethnic Brazilians. Psychosis incidence was lower in Ribeirão Preto (16.69/100 000 person-years at risk; 95% CI 15.68–17.70) compared with the average incidence in the remaining municipalities (21.25/100 000 person-years at risk; 95% CI 20.20–22.31), which have lower population density, suggesting a distinct role for urbanicity in the incidence of first-episode psychosis in low- and middle-income countries.
Pancreas transplant options for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: simultaneous pancreas kidney or pancreas after kidney?

Purpose of reviewFor patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, the benefits of kidney transplantation vs. dialysis have long been appreciated. However, until recently, the added benefit of pancreas transplantation has been less well defined. Recent findingsA number of articles now suggest a long-term survival advantage with simultaneous pancreas kidney (SPK) transplantation, with concurrent improvements in pancreas after kidney transplantation. Although supportive of pancreas transplantation as the preferred therapy for this population, this creates a difficult decision-making process for the patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a living donor: should one proceed with living donor transplant and consider pancreas transplantation subsequently, or should one wait for an SPK transplant? SummaryThe purpose of this review is to synthesize current data regarding pancreas treatment options and couple this with a discussion of current organ utilization to better understand the advantages and disadvantages of each of these strategies. This in turn may inform clinicians and aid in counseling for the individual patient.
New energy efficient routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

Energy efficiency is the most challenging topic in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Because of the increasing demands of various applications, and the constraints of energy, memory and computational power of the WSN nodes, many studies have focused on these areas in recent years. Researchers have proposed a variety of protocols such as LEACH, PEGASIS, HEED, TEEN, etc. In this paper, we will discuss how energy efficiency is affected by scaling, i.e. different network sizes, and by different routing algorithms. With the increasing applications of large scale WSNs, such as smart grid and environmental monitoring. We will propose a new routing algorithm to optimize the energy efficiency by reducing the number and total transmissions distance in order to save energy. Simulations suggest that the proposed algorithm will be more energy efficient in medium to large scale wireless sensor networks.
Role of patients' view of their illness in predicting return to work and functioning after myocardial infarction: longitudinal study

Abstract Objective: To examine whether patients' initial perceptions of their myocardial infarction predict subsequent attendance at a cardiac rehabilitation course, return to work, disability, and sexual dysfunction. Design: Patients' perceptions of their illness were measured at admission with their first myocardial infarction and at follow up three and six months later. Setting: Two large teaching hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. Subjects: 143 consecutive patients aged under 65 with their first myocardial infarction. Main outcome measures: Attendance at rehabilitation course; time before returning to work; measures of disability with sickness impact profile questionnaire for sleep and rest, social interaction, recreational activity, and home management; and sexual dysfunction. Results: Attendance at the rehabilitation course was significantly related to a stronger belief during admission that the illness could be cured or controlled (t=2.08, P=0.04). Return to work within six weeks was significantly predicted by the perception that the illness would last a short time (t=-2.52, P=0.01) and have less grave consequences for the patient (t=-2.87, P=0.005). Patients' belief that their heart disease would have serious consequences was significantly related to later disability in work around the house, recreational activities, and social interaction. A strong illness identity was significantly related to greater sexual dysfunction at both three and six months. Conclusions: Patients' initial perceptions of illness are important determinants of different aspects of recovery after myocardial infarction. Specific illness perceptions need to be identified at an early stage as a basis for optimising outcomes from rehabilitation programmes. Key messages Patients' beliefs about their illness seem to influence recovery and rehabilitation on discharge from hospital Patients' ideas about their illness cluster around five cognitive dimensions: identity, cause, time line, consequences, and beliefs about cure or control In this study a belief that the illness could be controlled or cured was related to subsequent attendance at a cardiac rehabilitation course. Perceptions that the illness would last a long time and have serious consequences were associated with a longer delay before returning to work The early identification of illness perceptions could improve the outcome of cardiac rehabilitation programmes
Staphylococcus aureus modulates the activity of acetyl‐Coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) by sirtuin‐dependent reversible lysine acetylation

Lysine acylation is a posttranslational modification used by cells of all domains of life to modulate cellular processes in response to metabolic stress. The paradigm for the role of lysine acylation in metabolism is the acetyl‐coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) enzyme. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike, Acs activity is downregulated by acetylation and reactivated by deacetylation. Proteins belonging to the bacterial GCN5‐related N‐acetyltransferase (bGNAT) superfamily acetylate the epsilon amino group of an active site lysine, inactivating Acs. A deacetylase can remove the acetyl group, thereby restoring activity. Here we show the Acs from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs) activates acetate and weakly activates propionate, but does not activate >C3 organic acids or dicarboxylic acids (e.g. butyrate, malonate and succinate). SaAcs activity is regulated by AcuA (SaAcuA); a type‐IV bGNAT. SaAcuA can acetylate or propionylate SaAcs reducing its activity by >90% and 95% respectively. SaAcuA also succinylated SaAcs, with this being the first documented case of a bacterial GNAT capable of succinylation. Inactive SaAcsAc was deacetylated (hence reactivated) by the NAD+‐dependent (class III) sirtuin protein deacetylase (hereafter SaCobB). In vivo and in vitro evidence show that SaAcuA and SaCobB modulate the level of SaAcs activity in S. aureus.
Nuclear localization signal peptide enhances transfection efficiency and decreases cytotoxicity of poly(agmatine/N,N′‐cystamine‐bis‐acrylamide)/pDNA complexes

At present, nonviral gene vectors develop rapidly, especially cationic polymers. A series of bioreducible poly(amide amine) (PAA) polymers containing guanidino groups have been synthesized by our research team. These novel polymer vectors demonstrated significantly higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than polyethylenimine (PEI)—25kDa. However, compared with viral gene vectors, relatively low transfection efficiency, and high cytotoxicity are still critical problems confronting these polymers. In this study, poly(agmatine/N,N′‐cystamine‐bis‐acrylamide) p(AGM‐CBA) was selected as a model polymer, nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide PV7 (PKKKRKV) with good biocompatibility and nuclear localization effect was introduced to investigate its impact on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. NLS peptide‐mediated in vitro transfection was performed in NIH 3T3 cells by directly incorporating NLS peptide with the complexes of p(AGM‐CBA)/pDNA. Meanwhile, the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of these complexes were evaluated. The results showed that the transfection efficiency could be increased by 5.7 times under the appropriate proportion, and the cytotoxicity brought by the polymer vector could be significantly reduced.
Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective.

BACKGROUND This paper is a summary of the proceedings of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry Bangkok Conference on early childhood caries (ECC) held in 3-4 November 2018. AIM The paper aims to convey a global perspective of ECC definitions, aetiology, risk factors, societal costs, management, educational curriculum, and policy. DESIGN This global perspective on ECC is the compilation of the state of science, current concepts, and literature regarding ECC from worldwide experts on ECC. RESULTS Early childhood caries is related to frequent sugar consumption in an environment of enamel adherent, acid-producing bacteria in a complex biofilm, as well as developmental defects of enamel. The seriousness, societal costs, and impact on quality of life of dental caries in pre-school children are enormous. Worldwide data show that ECC continues to be highly prevalent, yet infrequently treated. Approaches to reduce the prevalence include interventions that start in the first year of a child's life, evidence-based and risk-based management, and reimbursement systems that foster preventive care. CONCLUSIONS This global perspective on ECC epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, global impact, and management is aimed to foster improved worldwide understanding and management of ECC.
An improved depth map estimation method based on motion detection

Depth map estimation is one of the important research areas in image processing. This paper proposes an improved depth map estimation approach from a video stream of cartoon. It is based on the motion detection. Most depth map estimation approaches based on motion detection usually have two disadvantages. One is that the depth values of the same object have big differences. The other is time-consuming. To solve those problems, we propose an improved approach that includes three steps. First, a revised search strategy is designed in block matching based motion estimation. It helps to reduce the computation time. Then a revised depth consistency approach is used to reduce the large depth value differences in the same object. Finally, mean shift approach is used to segment the original color image and project the depth map onto the color segmentation. It further helps to reduce the depth value differences in the same object. Experiment results are promising.
Involvement of an NAD(P)H oxidase as a pO2 sensor protein in the rat carotid body.

The rat carotid body tissue reveals a photometrically measurable haem signal with absorbance maxima at 560 nm, 518 nm and 425 nm, suggesting the presence of a b-type cytochrome; this was confirmed by pyridine haemochrome and CO spectra. The quantity of cytochrome b was estimated to be 310 pmol.mg of protein-1. This haem is capable of H2O2 formation, which can be inhibited by 10 microM-diphenyliodonium (DPI). The hypoxia-induced increase in nervous chemoreceptor discharge and the reduction of FAD and NAD(P)+ were also inhibited by DPI (10 microM). These results suggest that an oxidase such as the NAD(P)H oxidase of neutrophils may act as a pO2 sensor protein in the rat carotid body, probably inducing the pO2 chemoreceptor process by H2O2 formation.
Analyzing the Impact of Traffic Congestion Mitigation: From an Explainable Neural Network Learning Framework to Marginal Effect Analyses

Computational graphs (CGs) have been widely utilized in numerical analysis and deep learning to represent directed forward networks of data flows between operations. This paper aims to develop an explainable learning framework that can fully integrate three major steps of decision support: Synthesis of diverse traffic data, multilayered traffic demand estimation, and marginal effect analyses for transport policies. Following the big data-driven transportation computational graph (BTCG) framework, which is an emerging framework for explainable neural networks, we map different external traffic measurements collected from household survey data, mobile phone data, floating car data, and sensor networks to multilayered demand variables in a CG. Furthermore, we extend the CG-based framework by mapping different congestion mitigation strategies to CG layers individually or in combination, allowing the marginal effects and potential migration magnitudes of the strategies to be reliably quantified. Using the TensorFlow architecture, we evaluate our framework on the Sioux Falls network and present a large-scale case study based on a subnetwork of Beijing using a data set from the metropolitan planning organization.
Planar FDSOI technology for sub 22nm nodes

Recent device developments and achievements have shown that undoped channel planar Fully depleted SOI devices are becoming a serious alternative to Bulk technologies for 22nm node and below. This planar option seems to be even easier than non planar FinFET devices. This paper will report the main results obtained with this technology and will compare these results with the state of the art of Bulk and FinFET technologies: electrostatic performance, drivability, variability and scalability will be presented through silicon data and TCAD analysis. Challenges with respect to Multiple VT aspects and SRAM will also be reported.
Changes in Clinical Pathology Parameters During Gestation in the New Zealand White Rabbit

Hematology and serum chemistry parameters were analyzed in 2 groups of pregnant rabbits to assess changes in these parameters over the course of gestation. These data were used to generate a historical control reference range for embryofetal development regulatory toxicology studies. During the 28-day gestation period, the following major changes were observed. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit increased slightly up to day 13 and subsequently decreased progressively to a nadir for all parameters on day 25. Reticulocyte counts increased maximally by day 16 and then decreased to a minimum value on day 28. White blood cell counts progressively declined after day 7. Platelet counts increased slightly by day 10, were relatively stable until day 13, then progressively decreased to a nadir on day 25. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferease values increased steadily throughout the study to reach a maximum value on day 25. Triglycerides increased to their maximum value by day 19 and then steadily decreased until day 28, whereas cholesterol decreased progressively to reach a nadir on day 25. Urea and total protein decreased steadily from day 13 onward. Calcium values decreased throughout the study to reach a minimum value on day 28. Phosphorus values increased slightly on days 7 and 13 and then progressively decreased to reach a nadir on day 28. With a few exceptions, changes that occur in clinical pathology parameters during pregnancy in the rabbit are similar to those observed in pregnant women. Therefore, the rabbit can be considered a suitable species for embryofetal development toxicity studies with regard to clinical pathology.