Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reasoning about locks and transactions in concurrent programs

The aim of this thesis is to present novel techniques for reasoning about the dynamic and static semantics of concurrent programs that use locks and transactions to isolate accesses to shared memory. We use moverness to characterise the observational semantics of reads issued by locks and transactions under the simpler semantics of free, left, right and both movers. The second contribution is guaranteed transactions which are a safer alternative to locks and the privatisation/publication idioms for specific scenarios. Guaranteed transactions facilitate a simpler pessimistic coordination semantics than locks, but offer most of the conveniences that have made transactions appealing. Finally, we present a static analysis for reasoning about the isolation of a program that uses locks and transactions. If our isolation algorithm determines that all the accesses issued by a program are isolated, then the program is declared data-race-free.
Overexpression of TRPM7 is associated with poor prognosis in human ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The melastatin-related transient receptor potential 7 channel (TRPM7) is a nonselective cation channel that has been shown to promote tumor metastasis and progression. In this study, we determined the expression of TRPM7 in ovarian carcinomas and investigated its possible prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were collected from 138 patients with ovarian cancer. Expression of TRPM7 was assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, expressed with reference to an established scoring system and related to clinical pathological factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to estimate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were performed to correlate TRPM7 expression levels with DFS and OS. RESULTS TRPM7 was highly expressed in ovarian carcinoma and significantly associated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS: median 20 months vs. 42 months, P=0.0002) and overall survival (OS: median 27 months vs. 46 months, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Overexpression of TRPM7 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.
FDI on economics growth; Indonesia case study

FDI is one of the factors that encourage the growth of the economy, especially for developing countries. Indonesia has prepared an economic policy package and a taxation policy for booting the investments, including FDI. This paper investigates whether the FDI is one of the essential instruments to improve the growth of Indonesia economy. Multiple regression with GDP as a dependent variable; and FDI, Trade, Government Expenditure, and Inflation as independent variables are employed. The data is from 1985 up to 2015 period. FDI does not have any impact on GDP, while others variables influence the growth of the economy. It suggests that the goals of FDI, namely technology transfer, development of human resources, are not achieved entirely. It implies that the package of economic policy and taxation are not enough for FDI to have the impact on GDP, but others factors, such as wage rate, labor skills, transport and infrastructure, and property rights, must be developed.
The Effects of Institutional Holdings and State Ownership on Hotel Firm Performance in China

ABSTRACT This article examines the effects of institutional holdings and state ownership on hotel firm performance in China by employing panel regression analysis. The results show that institutional holdings as a whole and domestic institutional holdings have different effects on the performance of Chinese hotel firms. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between institutional holdings/domestic institutional holdings and hotel performance measured by Tobin’s Q, and an upright U-shaped relationship between domestic institutional holdings and return on assets/return on equity. However, the level of foreign institutional holdings was found to have no significant impact on hotel firm performance in China. Finally, state ownership has a negative impact on Tobin’s Q. Implications for the Chinese hotel industry are discussed.
Clinical impact of liquid‐based cytology test on diagnostic yields from transbronchial needle aspiration

Background and objective: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a well‐established diagnostic method that is underutilized due to the relatively high percentage of non‐diagnostic samples and low success rates. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of liquid‐based cytology test (LBC) on the diagnostic yield from TBNA.
Migraine and Ménière’s disease

Background: A possible link between Ménière’s disease (MD) and migraine was originally suggested by Prosper Ménière. Subsequent studies of the prevalence of migraine in MD produced conflicting results. Objective: To determine the lifetime prevalence of migraine in patients with MD compared to sex- and age-matched controls. Methods: The authors studied 78 patients (40 women, 38 men; age range 29 to 81 years) with idiopathic unilateral or bilateral MD according to the criteria of the American Academy of Otolaryngology. Diagnosis of migraine with and without aura was made via telephone interviews according to the criteria of the International Headache Society. Additional information was obtained concerning the concurrence of vertigo and migrainous symptoms during Ménière attacks. The authors interviewed sex- and age-matched orthopedic patients (n = 78) as controls. Results: The lifetime prevalence of migraine with and without aura was higher in the MD group (56%) compared to controls (25%; p < 0.001). Forty-five percent of the patients with MD always experienced at least one migrainous symptom (migrainous headache, photophobia, aura symptoms) with Ménière attacks. Conclusions: The lifetime prevalence of migraine is increased in patients with MD when strict diagnostic criteria for both conditions are applied. The frequent occurrence of migrainous symptoms during Ménière attacks suggests a pathophysiologic link between the two diseases. Alternatively, because migraine itself is a frequent cause of audio-vestibular symptoms, current diagnostic criteria may not differentiate between MD and migrainous vertigo.
Selective Exposure and Selective Perception of Anti-Tobacco Campaign Messages: The Impacts of Campaign Exposure on Selective Perception

This study examines (a) whether smokers engage in selective exposure to and selective perception of anti-tobacco campaigns and (b) whether the amount of campaign exposure influences selective perception processes. Using nationally representative survey data concerning youths' reception of several anti-tobacco campaigns in the United States, this study found a tendency of selective perception but not selective exposure. In other words, smokers were more likely to engage in campaign message disparagement than nonsmokers (selective perception), but smokers and nonsmokers did not differ in campaign exposure. In addition, the amount of campaign exposure affected the extent to which a person engages in selective perception. The difference in message disparagement between nonsmokers and smokers was larger among those who reported higher campaign exposure than among those who reported lower exposure. Implications of selective processes for campaign effects research are further discussed.
Embedding Games with Strategic Complements into Games with Strategic Substitutes

Games with strategic substitutes (GSS) are generally less tractable than games with strategic complements (GSC). This paper revisits the GSC versus GSS comparison by establishing a novel connection between them. We show through a network perspective that, when the strategy set of each player is the product of some linearly ordered sets that are order isomorphic to subsets of the real space, every GSC can be embedded into a GSS, such that the set of pure strategy Nash equilibria of the former is a projection of that of the latter. In comparison, no GSS with multiple pure strategy Nash equilibria can be embedded into any GSC. In this sense, the class of GSS is broader than the class of GSC.
Moral Hazard Versus Liquidity and the Optimal Timing of Unemployment Benefits

We develop a novel way of identifying the liquidity and moral hazard effects of unemployment insurance exclusively from how job-finding rates respond to unemployment benefits that vary over an unemployment spell. We derive a sufficient statistics formula for the dynamically optimal level of unemployment benefits based on these two effects. Using a Regression Kink Design (RKD) that simultaneously exploits two kinks in the schedule of unemployment benefits, we apply our method to Spain for the years 1992–2012 and find that moral hazard effects dominated liquidity effects, suggesting that Spanish unemployment benefits exceeded the optimal level in that period.
Emergence of resistant fecal Escherichia coli in travelers not taking prophylactic antimicrobial agents

Fecal specimens from individuals traveling to Mexico were examined before, during, and after travel for the presence of Escherichia coli resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, trimethoprim (TMP), and TMP-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). None of these individuals took prophylactic antibiotics, although 4 of 13 took short courses of an antimicrobial agent for therapy of traveler's diarrhea. With an average of 9.3 E. coli per sample, resistance to all agents tested except gentamicin was shown to increase during the time in Mexico (P less than 0.001 to P less than 0.05). For example, no TMP-resistant (Tmpr) E. coli isolates were found by this method before travel, whereas 57% of the individuals had Tmpr and Tmpr-Smxr E. coli by the final week in Mexico. This increase in resistance occurred regardless of whether an individual took a short course of antimicrobial therapy. This study shows that travel itself, even without the use of prophylactic or therapeutic antimicrobial agents, is associated with the acquisition of resistant E. coli. Travel to developing nations may rival other sources of resistant organisms.
Geospatial data of freshwater habitats for macroecological studies: an example with freshwater fishes

Global data sets are essential in macroecological studies. File formats of the few available data sets of freshwater ecosystems, however, are either incompatible with most macroecological software packages, incomplete, or of coarse spatial resolutions. We integrated more than 460 million geographical coordinates for freshwater habitats in the FRWater data set, partitioned into seven different habitats (lentic, wetlands, reservoirs, small rivers, large rivers, small ditches, large ditches, small channels, large channels, small drains and large drains) in ModestR (http://www.ipez.es/ModestR). A comprehensive collection of geospatial rasters was assembled, one for each of the seven freshwater habitats, with the area in km2 occupied by each habitat presented in cells of 5 arc-minute resolution. The utility of FRWater was evaluated using hierarchical partitioning via the identification of the contribution of the seven different freshwater habitats to both species richness and rarity. To this end, we used a data set of 836,123 geographical records of the 16,216 species of freshwater fishes recognized as valid by systematists at the end of 2014. Areas in North America and Europe are the most detailed in the FRWater data set, evidencing the higher quality of data sources in those regions. The number of geographical coordinates is much lower for Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America where many water bodies remain unmapped. In light of the variation in information quality at continental levels, we performed and present comparative analyses for Europe versus South America at local (5ʹ × 5ʹ grid cells) and regional (5° × 5° grid cells) scales. The relative contribution of small rivers to both species richness and rarity was highest under almost all analyses, followed by lentic habitats and large rivers. The areas of different habitats moreover explained a relatively high proportion of the observed variance in geographic rarity. Our findings corroborate previous findings that the greater contribution of small rivers to species richness is probably due to these habitats promoting geographical rarity. Hence, species richness is favored by the isolation resultant from, and the refuges associated with, small river basins and via the diversification processes promoted by such isolation.
Mammalian follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates DNA synthesis in secondary spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in organ culture of testes fragments from the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster

Summary We previously showed in organ culture of testes fragments from Cynops pyrrhogaster that mammalian folicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates secondary spermatogonia to differentiate into primary spermatocytes. In this report, we demonstrate in organ culture that FSH stimulates DNA synthesis in secondary spermatogonia and Sertoli cells: the numbers of secondary spermatogonia and Sertoli cells incorporating 5-bromo-2′ -deoxyuridine (BrdU)throughout the culture period in the presence of FSH were 3-5 times those incorporating BrdU in the absence of FSH. Moreover, addition of FSH, induced after a day a remarkable increase in the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells incorporating BrdU. The above results indicate that FSH stimulates and induces DNA synthesis in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Most of the spermatogonia within a cyst were labelled simultaneously and at the same density, indicating that they underwent synchronous DNA synthesis, whereas all the Sertoli cells within a cyst were not labelled simultaneously, indicating that they synthesised DNA asynchronously. When testes fragments pulse-labelled with Brdu were cultured in FSH for 14 days, the secondary spermatogonia differentiated into primary spermatocytes, whereas in the absence of FSH they failed to differentiate and most died by the 7th day. The above results together show that FSH is required for the proliferation of both secondary spermatogonia and Sertoli cells as well as the differentiation of secondary spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes.
El campesinado ni se crea ni se destruye, solo se transforma. Discursos agrarios en el "Delta de l’Ebre y l’Albufera de València"

The following pages summarize the analysis of agrarian and environmental discourses and social representations in the Ebro Delta and the Albufera of Valencia. The first part of the article tries to synthesize in a theoretical way the evolution and perspectives of family agriculture. We intend to analyze the essential changes that have taken place in agriculture and have made it survive, despite the theoretical prognosis that announced the end of the familiar agriculture. The second part addresses the methodological question of our research. We have conducted 58 interviews and two discussion groups in which different social profiles have participated. The analysis of social discourses was complemented by the exploitation of data from agrarian censuses, as well as from databases related to the rice market. The conclusions summarize how the discourses of the peasantry point out the impossibility of shying away from the subalternity of agricultural activity that has been ostracized by economic development and bound to be polluting if it wants to be economically viable.
Black-White Differentials in Family Size Preferences among Youth

Historically, blacks have had a substantially higher birth rate than whites in the United States. ' Lee and Lee (1959) point out that since 1933, the year in which the registration area encompassed the entire nation, the birth rate of blacks has always been higher than that of whites. After World War II, the level of fertility among all Americans increased, but this increase was more pronounced among black families. Black fertility increased very rapidly in the late 1940s and continued at quite high levels until 1957, when it began to decline along a path parallel to the decline in white fertility. In the last several years, however, Hill and Jaffee (1966) note that there has been a somewhat larger absolute decline in black fertility. Since 1963, the fertility rate for blacks has decreased 37.1 per thousand for women age 15-44 years, while the rate for whites has decreased by 31.3 per thousand in the same period. In the
Micropapillary Pattern in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Analysis

Objectives: Our aim was to review our pathological archive to find out the actual incidence of micropapillary pattern (MPP) in our urothelial carcinoma patient population and determine its correlation with clinical outcome. Patients and Methods: 14 out of 170 cases with complete clinical follow-up were clinicopathologically analyzed. The extent of MPP was determined as tumor percentage. Results: 12 further cases with MPP were defined in the review. The percentage of patients with positive MPP increased in parallel to the tumor stage. There was no considerable difference between MPP-positive and MPP-negative groups according to the progression rates in non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive groups. Progression-free survival was much shorter in MPP cases, but again without statistical significance. Also, there was no significant relation between percentage of MPP and progression-free survival. Conclusions: Awareness of pathologists about MPP and its highly possible relation with aggressive behavior must be raised, as it may be more common than reported. A multicentric review of a large number of cases with MPP is needed for a better definition of its biological behavior. Focal MPP cases may have a better prognosis but this needs to be confirmed.
Impulsive noise suppression and background normalization of electrocardiogram signals using morphological operators

An approach to impulsive noise suppression and background normalization of digitized electrocardiogram signals using mathematical morphological operators that incorporate the shape information for a signal is presented. A brief introduction to these nonlinear signal processing operators, as well as a detailed description of the algorithm, is presented. Empirical results show that the algorithm has good performance in impulsive noise suppression and background normalization. <<ETX>>
The short and long run effects of debt reduction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate benefits to debt reduction by using the natural experiment provided by the debt relief programs: the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative launched by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in 1996 and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative extension in 2005. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a time-shifted difference-in-differences strategy to evaluate the effects of this intervention. The date of each country’s decision to participate in the program is used as one treatment point while the date of the completion of the debt relief program is used as another treatment point. The exercise compares different economic outcomes such as domestic and foreign investment, schooling, and employment of the treated observations to the counterfactual of untreated country-years. The period between the decision and completion points is a short run while the period after the completion point is considered a long run. Findings The authors found that debt relief increased capital investment as much as 1.63 percent in the short run and 5.79 percent in the long run. However, there was no effect on foreign direct investment suggesting that debt overhang does not affect incentives of foreign investors. Output and schooling enrollment increased both in the short and long run. Originality/value This paper exploits a natural experiment of debt relief in a number of developing countries to shed light on the possible benefits to debt reduction. The authors are able to separate the short- and long-run effects of debt reduction. The finding that domestic but not foreign investment responds to debt reduction is suggestive of the differences in incentives across these two sources of investment.
The Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch): Patterns of Performance in Children With ADHD and Clinical Controls

The present study explores the utility of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch) as a measure of the attentional impairments displayed by children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Sixty-three children with ADHD and 23 non-ADHD Clinical Control children were compared on subtests of the TEA-Ch reflecting three attentional domains: sustained, selective, and attentional control. Results show that children with ADHD performed significantly worse than clinical controls on subtests of sustained attention and attentional control. The groups did not differ, however, on subtests of selective attention. These findings suggest that the TEA-Ch is sensitive to attentional deficits unique to ADHD and holds promise as a useful tool in the assessment of ADHD. Performance patterns and future directions are discussed.
What has changed in the prevalence of hypertension in dialyzed children during the last decade?

Abstract Background: Hypertension very often accompanies progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. A cross-sectional analysis of hypertension prevalence in dialyzed children in Poland was designed with a comparison with the data previously recorded 10 years earlier. Methods: Two cohorts of children were analyzed: 59 subjects dialyzed in 2013, and 134 children from the previous study performed in 2003 that were reevaluated according to the current methodology. The incidence of hypertension (defined by SDS of sBP or dBP >1.64), clinical data, medical history, dialysis modalities and selected biochemical parameters of dialysis adequacy were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of hypertension increased from 64% in 2003 to 78% in 2013. The efficacy of antihypertensive treatment remained unsatisfactory (61% proper BP control). Preservation of residual urine output and strict fluid balance may prevent development of hypertension in children on dialysis. Conclusions: Despite the higher awareness of hypertension and its complications in dialyzed children, the incidence of this entity has increased during the last decade, with the percentage of undertreated patients comparable to that observed 10 years ago. Thus, more attention should be paid to therapy efficacy in this population to prevent further damage to the cardiovascular system and to decrease morbidity.