Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air Turbines forWave Energy Conversion

This paper describes the present status of the art on air turbines, which could be used for wave energy conversion. The air turbines included in the paper are as follows: Wells type turbines, impulse turbines, radial turbines, cross-flow turbine, and Savonius turbine. The overall performances of the turbines under irregular wave conditions, which typically occur in the sea, have been compared by numerical simulation and sea trial. As a result, under irregular wave conditions it is found that the running and starting characteristics of the impulse type turbines could be superior to those of the Wells turbine. Moreover, as the current challenge on turbine technology, the authors explain a twin-impulse turbine topology for wave energy conversion.
A General Scenario Theory for Nonconvex Optimization and Decision Making

The scenario approach is a general methodology for data-driven optimization that has attracted a great deal of attention in the past few years. It prescribes that one collects a record of previous cases (scenarios) from the same setup in which optimization is being conducted and makes a decision that attains optimality for the seen cases. Scenario optimization is by now very well understood for convex problems, where a theory exists that rigorously certifies the generalization properties of the solution, that is, the ability of the solution to perform well in connection to new situations. This theory supports the scenario methodology and justifies its use. This paper considers nonconvex problems. While other contributions in the nonconvex setup already exist, we here take a major departure from previous approaches. We suggest that the generalization level is evaluated only after the solution is found and its complexity in terms of the length of a support subsample (a notion precisely introduced in this paper) is assessed. As a consequence, the generalization level is stochastic and adjusted case by case to the available scenarios. This fact is key to obtain tight results. The approach adopted in this paper applies not only to optimization, but also to generic decision problems where the solution is obtained according to a rule that is not necessarily the optimization of a cost function. Accordingly, in our presentation we adopt a general stance of which optimization is just seen as a particular case.
Quantization of the Hitchin moduli spaces, Liouville theory, and the geometric Langlands correspondence I

We discuss the relation between Liouville theory and the Hitchin integrable system, which can be seen in two ways as a two step process involving quantization and hyperkaehler rotation. The modular duality of Liouville theory and the relation between Liouville theory and the SL(2)-WZNW-model give a new perspective on the geometric Langlands correspondence and on its relation to conformal field theory.
Periodic motion of Saturn's nightside plasma sheet

[1] Saturn's magnetosphere is replete with magnetospheric periodicities; magnetic fields, plasma parameters, energetic particle fluxes, and radio emissions have all been observed to vary at a period close to that of Saturn's assumed sidereal rotation rate. In particular, periodicities in Saturn's magnetotail can be interpreted in terms of periodic vertical motion of Saturn's outer magnetospheric plasma sheet. The phase relationships between periodicities in different measurable quantities are a key piece of information in validating the various published models that attempt to relate periodicities in different quantities at different locations. It is important to empirically extract these phase relationships from the data in order to distinguish between these models, and to provide further data on which to base new conceptual models. In this paper a simple structural model of the flapping of Saturn's plasma sheet is developed and fitted to plasma densities in the outer magnetosphere, measured by the Cassini electron spectrometer. This model is used to establish the phase relationships between magnetic field periodicities in the cam region of the magnetosphere and the flapping of the plasma sheet. We find that the plasma sheet flaps in phase with Br and Bθ and in quadrature with the Bϕ component in the core/cam region. The plasma sheet phase also has a strong local time asymmetry. These results support some conceptual periodicity models but are in apparent contradiction with others, suggesting that future work is required to either modify the models or study additional phase relationships that are important for these models.
Detection of Duplicate records by using Progressive Windowing Technique

Duplicate detection is process of finding multiple representation of same real word entity. In very large data sets, like malls and website data, the data is difficult to manage and if there are duplicate entries it is all the more time consuming. Process is required to find duplicate entities in very short time by maintaining the quality of dataset. In this proposed approach a novel method is used namely progressive windowing that considerably increases the efficiency of finding the duplicates and maintain quality of dataset.
Mutation effects in genetic algorithms with offspring selection applied to combinatorial optimization problems

In this paper the authors describe the effects of mutation in genetic algorithms when used together with offspring selection to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In the initial definition of offspring selection stated by Affenzeller et al., offspring selection is applied to each solution after its creation using crossover and optional mutation. Thereby a solution is immediately accepted for the next generation only if it is able to outperform its parental solutions in terms of quality. It has been shown in several publications by Affenzeller et al. that this additional selection step leads to a better maintenance of high quality alleles and therefore to a better convergence behavior and a superior final solution quality. Due to the application of offspring selection after crossover and mutation, both operations become directed by the quality of the created solutions. This is in fact a different interpretation of mutation compared to classical genetic algorithms where mutation is used in an undirected way to introduce new genetic information into the search process. In this contribution the authors propose a new version of offspring selection by applying it after crossover, but before mutation. In a series of experiments the similarities and differences of these two approaches are shown and the interplay between mutation and offspring selection is analyzed.
SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION IN RAINWATER BY MAJOR AND HEAVY ELEMENTS IN ARAK, IRAN

Measurements of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Hg, and Fe heavy metals and major elements and components such as Ca, HCO3, SO4, Na, K, Mg and Cl in soluble rain fractions were performed on rainwater collected at Arak plain during the rainy seasons of 2012. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the soluble fractions decreased for Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, As and Hg, respectively and the major elements and components of HCO3, SO4, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl and K, respectively. Enrichment factors related to the relative abundance of the elements in crustal material were calculated using Fe as the reference. High enrichment factors (EFcrustal and EFplayawater) suggested that, in general, heavy metals had an anthropogenic origin and major ions had a natural origin. Factor analysis with varimax normalized rotation grouped the analyzed elements into four factors. Factor 1 indicated a high loading for positive nps-K, nps- Mg, nps-Ca, nps-Cl, nps-HCO3 and negative Cu, Ni, nps-SO4 components and represented the crust and anthropogenic origin. Factor 2 indicated a high loading of As and Zn. These metals are characteristics of anthropogenic origin. Factor 3 indicated an anthropogenic origin for Pb and Fe. Factor 4 indicated crustal source for Hg. Calcareous soils and alkalin soils in Arak plain are the sources of major elements and industrial activity and traffic are the sources of heavy metals in the rainwater samples in Arak city.
Noncommutative geometry and star products

Raume und Zahlen sind zwei wichtige philosophische Konzepte fur die Beschreibung naturlichen Phanomene. Von Anfang an schien es, dass eine Art von A quivalenz (Dualitat) zwischen geometrischen Raumen (also der Geometrie) und Zahlen (also Algebren) existiert. In der modernen Mathematik kann diese Aquivalenz z.B. mittels der Kategorientheorie ausgedruckt werden. Ein wichtiges Beispiel ist dabei die Dualitat zwischen kommutativen C Stern Algebren und lokal kompakten topologischen Hausdorff Raumen. Neben diesen kommutativen Algebren gibt es aber auch eine breite Palette von nichtkommutativen Algebren, d.h. Algebren deren Multiplikation von der Reihenfolge der Faktoren abhangt. Nichtkommutative Geometrie ist demnach das Studium von topologischen R¨aumen, wobei jeweils eine nichtkommutative Funktionenalgebra (C Stern-Algebra) das duale Gegenstuck bildet. Es gibt einige physikalische Hinweise auf eine nichtkommutative Struktur der Raumzeit fur sehr kleine Laengenskalen. Das Ziel meiner Arbeit ist es, ausgehend von einer nichtkommutativer Raumzeit Deformationsquantisierungen von Funktionenalgebren zu diskutieren. In dieser Hinsicht erscheint eine Deformationsquantisierung als nichtkommutatives Produkt auf der Algebra der glatten Funktionen auf der Raumzeit-Mannigfaltigkeit. Dieses assoziative und nichtkommutative Produkt wird als Sternprodukt (star product) bezeichnet. Kontsevich konnte zeigen, dass fur jede Mannigfaltigkeit mit einer sogenannten Poisson Struktur ein Sternprodukt definiert werden kann und konnte eine explizite Formel dafur angeben. Allerdings ist diese Zuweisung nicht eindeutig moglich, es mussen Aquivalenzklassen von Sternprodukten betrachtet werden. Eine physikalische Interpretation von Sternprodukten wird im Rahmen von Poisson Sigmamodelle klar. Poisson Sigmamodelle sind topologische Quantenfeldtheorien und eine Verallgemeinerung einer grosen Klasse von Feldtheorien. Es deutet sehr vieles darauf hin, dass die Nichtkommutativitat von Raum und Zeit wertvolle Hinweise fur die Struktur einer moglichen grosen vereinheitlichten Theorie, also einer grand unified field theory, geben konnte.
Analysis and Mitigation Methods for VFTO'S and VFTC'S in A 420kv GIS

In a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS), Very Fast Transient Over voltages (VFTO) are generated due to switching operations and Fault conditions. These transient over voltages and the associated Very Fast Transient Currents (VFTC) develop transient Electromagnetic (EM) fields during its propagation through HT conductor in a GIS. The transient Electromagnetic fields due to VFTO’s and VFTC’s causes’ great effect on the insulation of equipments connected to the GIS. These transients are associated with very short rise times in the nanoseconds range, and are normally followed by oscillations in the MHz frequency range. To evaluate the magnitudes at various locations, it must be performed an accuracy analysis on the wave shape and level of the VFTO and VFTC. In this paper the modeling of 420KV GIS station is carried out and analyzed the magnitudes, proposed the effective mitigation methods to suppress the level of the VFTC and VFTO is investigated and the beneficial approaches for the industry to finding the optimum approaches for VFT mitigation, is presented. Simulations are performed with more accurate modeling of GIS system model. Electro Magnetic Transient Programming (EMTP) is used to evaluate the VFTO’s and VFTC’s at the sensitive points in GIS. The different results are compared to determine the effective mitigation method. Keywords— Disconnector switching, Ferrite Rings, GIS, mitigation techniques, VFTC, VFTO.
Sewage pollution in the Coastal waters of Mombasa City, Kenya: A norm Rather than an Exception

This study investigated the effects of sewage discharge on nutrient concentrations and BOD5 levels in the coastal waters and sediments ofthe City of Mombasa. The results indicated that nutrient concentrations in Tudor, Mtwapa and Makupa Creeks were elevated as compared to concentrations in Gazi Creek (mean ranges of 0.022-0.039mg/L, 0.038-0.163mg/L and 0.034-0.118mg/Lphosphates, nitrates and ammonium respectively). Sediments were found to harbour relatively higher concentrations of nutrients than water compartment (mean ranges of 0.217-1.131mg/L, 0.199-0.603mg/L and 9.394-26.73mg/L for phosphates, nitrates and ammonium respectively) thus serving as a reservoir and potential source if sediments are resuspended during heavy storms or dredging. Based on Chl-a levels, Makupa Creek could be classified as eutrophic whereas Mtwapa and Tudor Creeks could be placed at the upper limit of higher mesotrophy while Gazi Creekcould be considered as an oligotrophic system. Of the three impacted Creeks, Tudor was found to be the most polluted.
Food Security of Bangladesh : Status , Challenges and Strategic Policy Options

The paper is igned to make an overview of nutritional food security situation pinpointing the key challenges and potential areas for future development. It has analysed the status of food availability, access to food, food utilization and food stability with emphasis on balanced nutrition and food safety to address the problems of nutritional food security in Bangladesh. Emphasis has been given on production, international trade, food stocks, price stability, safety nets and public food distribution system to address food availability. Special emphasis has been given on strengthening ability to afford food and intake of food of balanced nutrition. We have tried to highlight pattern of food intake, with eye to both quantity and quality and balanced nutrition for healthy life. Attempt has been made to verify the food adequacy and dietary diversity as compared to the requirements for health. Food security situation under two umbrellas: macronutrients and micronutrients. Special care has been given to micronutrient deficiency among the people of Bangladesh. Food and nutrition security has been analysed by socio economic strata of the population. There has been effort to identify areas of food deficiency for proactive interventions. Attempt has been made to work out strategic options for food security in the interface of production, consumption requirements and global trade situation. The paper has analysed the alternatives of Self sufficiency and Self reliance strategies for formulating appropriate food security policy options in the long run for Bangladesh. Consideration has been given to highlight uncertainty of international trade, country’s land scarcity, need for increase of production of nutritious food (like pulses, fish, dairy products and livestock), climate change and environmental hazards in the country and uncertainty in employment of the able bodied vast masses of people. Focus has been given on redefining food security in terms of stable and adequate supply of balanced nutritious food for all. Stress has been on nutrition education among the general public especially among women.
Energy-Output Linkages in Australia: Implications for EmissionsReduction Policies

The study investigates the long-run and dynamic relationships between energy consumption and output in Australia using a multivariate cointegration and causality framework. Using both Engle-Granger and Johansen cointegration approaches, the study finds that energy consumption and real Gross Domestic Product are cointegrated. The Granger causality tests suggest bidirectional Granger causality between energy consumption and real GDP, and Granger endogeineity in the system. Since the energy sector largely contributes to carbon emissions in Australia, we suggest that direct measures to reduce carbon by putting constraints on the energy consumption would pose significant economic costs for the Australian economy.
Are Survey Risk Aversion Measurements Adequate in a Low Income Context

Using an original dataset collected among motorcyclists in New Delhi (2011), this paper compares three different survey measures of risk attitudes: self-assessment, hypothetical lotteries and income prospect choices. While previous research on risk aversion measurement methods in developing countries mainly looked at specific groups such as rural farmers or students, the dataset I use covers a large and heterogeneous urban population. I first show that all measurements are positively and highly correlated with one another, this being even more the case within methodologies and within domains. Subsequently, I investigate the predictive power of these different individual risk-aversion measurements on occupation choices and health decisions. Most of my elicited risk preferences appear to predict risky health behaviors well. Puzzling results are found with the lotteries and may be interpreted either as evidence of risk-compensation between domains or as an incapacity to capture the desired characteristic. Finally, thanks to information on religious beliefs and practices, I am able to verify that cultural background does not impact on the relationship between risk preferences and risky conducts. Overall, this analysis highlights that elicitation of risk-aversion measurements through surveys in a developing country like India thus appears possible.
Video Stabilization Using Feature-Based Classification

This paper proposed a video stabilization algorithm to cluster the undesired motion features before smoothing. Our method calculates the direction of movement from the features then estimate by directional statistics and K-mean to find out the global motion and motion of moving object. The motion will be smoothed by low pass Alpha-trimmed filter. The experimental show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Bone Mineral Density in Children From Anthropological and Clinical Sciences: A Review

Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) is a frequent topic of discussion in the clinical literature in relation to the bone health of both adults and children. However, in archaeological and/ or anthropological studies the role of BMD is often cited as a possible factor in the poor skeletal preservation which can lead to an under-representation of juvenile skeletal remains. During skeletal development and growth throughout childhood and adolescence changes take place in both the size and shape of bones and these changes also result in the increasing of mineral content. BMD can be affected by many factors, which include, age, genetics, sexual maturation, amount of physical activity and dietary calcium. This paper aims to review the clinical and anthropological literature on BMD and discuss the numerous methods of measurement and how the availability of certain methods such as Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can influence the study of bone density in archaeological skeletal collections and also the future potential for forensic anthropological studies.
Rethinking the ‘aspirations’ of Chinese girls within and beyond Health and Physical Education and physical activity in Greater Western Sydney

ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore young Chinese girls’ aspirations and ideal environments for engagement in Health and Physical Education (HPE) and physical activity (PA) in Greater Western Sydney. Interviews are used to elicit these girls’ perceptions of their future and ideal environments in relation to HPEPA. Their data offer insights into key influences regarding what is thinkable, desirable and achievable in their HPEPA environments. Results showed dimensions of environments, such as social and pedagogical aspects, that are conducive to these girls’ aspirations in HPEPA (e.g. social support from parents, and functional built environment for HPE). This paper aligns with a strengths-based approach to understanding and recognising young Chinese girls’ perceived aspirations within their socio-cultural environment. In doing so, we discuss how feminism and femininity are positioned from a Chinese perspective that may provide alternative views to a post-feminist panorama in promoting advancement of all young girls in HPEPA. Results invite us to take into account some of the girls’ ambivalence towards being an ‘autonomous’ and ‘dependent’ modern Chinese young girl. This paper calls for a rethinking of how aspirations that shape young people’s future in HPEPA in much of the contemporary Western world are conceptualised in academic research.
THE MODIFIED VARIATIONAL ITERATION METHOD FOR SOLVING THE IMPENETRABLE AGAR MODEL PROBLEM

In this paper, we expand the scope of application of the modified variational iteration method (MVIM) to solve the Impenetrable Agar Model Problem. This model represents the propagation of a bacterial exo-enzyme within an impenetrable host material which simulates the manifestations bac- teria do on tissue wounds in an infection. The numerical results show that the MVIM is convenient, efficient, and easy to use for the model problem.
Study of parametric instability in gravitational wave detectors with silicon test masses

Parametric instability is an intrinsic risk in high power laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors, in which the optical cavity modes interact with the acoustic modes of the mirrors, leading to exponential growth of the acoustic vibration. In this paper, we investigate the potential parametric instability for a proposed next generation gravitational wave detector, the LIGO Voyager blue design, with cooled silicon test masses of size 45 cm in diameter and 55 cm in thickness. It is shown that there would be about two unstable modes per test mass at an arm cavity power of 3 MW, with the highest parametric gain of ∼76. While this is less than the predicted number of unstable modes for Advanced LIGO (∼40 modes with max gain of ∼32 at the designed operating power of 830 kW), the importance of developing suitable instability suppression schemes is emphasized.
Onboard determination of fuel stability in plug-in hybrid diesel cars by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy

A method based on dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) is introduced for determination of fuel quality of biodiesel containing fuels in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). Dielectric parameters such as the real and imaginary part of permittivity were recorded in a broad frequency range. As capacitive cell for determining the real and imaginary part of the permittivity, a small-sized interdigital capacitor was developed, which could be integrated into PHEV in the future. Especially in plug-in hybrid cars the storage time of fuel in the fuel tank is expected to be significantly longer than for cars with conventional combustion engines. Therefore the fuel long-term stability is of particular importance. By means of DRS, high-molecular oxidation products, such as oligomers from biodiesel that are considered as precursors for deposits can be detected easily.