Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Preoperative Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reliable for Language Areas Mapping in Brain Tumor Surgery? Review of Language Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Direct Cortical Stimulation Correlation Studies

OBJECTIVELanguage functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used extensively in the past decade for both clinical and research purposes. Its integration in the preoperative imaging assessment of brain lesions involving eloquent areas is progressively more diffused in neurosurgical practice. Nevertheless, the reliability of language fMRI is unclear. To understand the reliability of preoperative language fMRI in patients operated on for brain tumors, the surgical studies that compared language fMRI with direct cortical stimulation (DCS) were reviewed. METHODSArticles comparing language fMRI with DCS of language areas were reviewed with attention to the lesion pathology, the magnetic field, the language tasks used pre- and intraoperatively, and the validation modalities adopted to establish the reliability of language fMRI. We tried to explore the effectiveness of language fMRI in gliomas. RESULTSNine language brain mapping studies compared the findings of fMRI with those of DCS. The studies are not homogeneous for tumor types, magnetic fields, pre- and intraoperative language tasks, intraoperative matching criteria, and results. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated in 5 studies (respectively ranging from 59% to 100% and from 0% to 97%). CONCLUSIONThe contradictory results of these studies do not allow consideration of language fMRI as an alternative tool to DCS in brain lesions located in language areas, especially in gliomas because of the pattern of growth of these tumors. However, language fMRI conducted with high magnet fields is a promising brain mapping tool that must be validated by DCS in methodological robust studies.
Aberrant expression of myogenin in inclusion body myositis: Immunohistochemical studies of transcription factors regulating myogenesis in inflammatory myopathies

We aimed to assess the immunohistochemistry of transcription factors that regulate myogenesis (Pax7, MyoD1, and myogenin) in inflammatory myopathies in relation to histopathological severity, and to determine whether there are some differences in immunohistochemical findings between idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM).
Principal Risk of Peritumoral Edema After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningioma Is Tumor‐Brain Contact Interface Area

OBJECTIVEStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of meningiomas is associated with posttreatment peritumoral edema (PTE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of post-SRS PTE for intracranial meningiomas. METHODSA total of 163 patients with 182 meningiomas treated with SRS were retrospectively reviewed. Tumors were divided into 4 pre-SRS groups according to whether they had undergone previous surgery and whether they had preexisting PTE. Several risk factors were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis in all tumors, tumors without previous surgery, tumors without preexisting PTE, and preexisting PTE. RESULTSOf 182 tumors, 45 (24.7%) developed post-SRS PTE. Compared with tumors without preexisting PTE, the odds of developing post-SRS PTE in tumors with preexisting PTE were 6.0 times higher in all tumors, and 6.9 times higher in tumors without previous surgery. A 1-cm2 increase in tumor-brain contact interface area increased the odds of developing post-SRS PTE by 17% in all tumors, 16% in tumors without previous surgery, and 26% in tumors without preexisting PTE. Of 118 tumors without previous surgery, 13 had preexisting PTE, the existence of which had a significant relationship to both tumor-brain contact interface area and tumor volume. CONCLUSIONPost-SRS PTE is common in patients with meningioma. Tumor-brain contact interface area and preexisting PTE were the most significant risk factors for post-SRS PTE. Tumor volume and tumor-brain contact interface area were significant risk factors for the development of preexisting PTE.
Economic loss estimation alongtransportation corridors

De Nederlandse asfaltwegenbouwsector bevindt zich op een kantelpunt in haar ontwikkeling. De veranderde marktomstandigheden dwingen de bedrijven tot het professionaliseren van hun primaire processen i.c. de uitvoering. De bedrijven streven naar meer bedrijfsmatig werken, naar een optimale inzet van mens en mid-delen, naar betere beheersing van de kwaliteit, en naar onderscheidbaarheid. Daarbij hebben ze belang bij systematisch inzicht in de primaire werkprocessen. Procesbeheersing is de sleutel tot een consistente kwaliteit en tot consistente kwaliteitsverbetering.
Turnout Intention and Random Social Networks

How can networking affect the turnout in an election? We present a simple model to explain turnout as a result of a dynamic process of formation of the intention to vote within Erdos–Renyi networks. Citizens have fixed preferences for one of two parties and are embedded in a social network. They decide whether or not to vote on the basis of the attitude of their immediate contacts. They may simply follow the behavior of the majority (followers) or make an adaptive local calculus of voting (calculators). So they have the intention of voting either when the majority of their neighbors are willing to vote too, or when they perceive in their social neighborhood that elections are "close". We study the long-run average intention to vote, interpreted as the actual turnout observed in an election. Depending on the values of the average connectivity and the probability of behaving as a follower/calculator, the system exhibits monostability (zero turnout), bistability (zero and moderate/high turnout) or tristability (zero, moderate and high turnout). By obtaining realistic turnout rates for a wide range of values of both parameters, our model suggests a mechanism behind the observed relevance of social networks in recent elections.
Trust as the Basis of Coalition Formation in Electronic Marketplaces

Despite the fact that social networks are ubiquitous on the Internet, only few websites exploit the potential of combining user communities and online marketplaces. Not many platforms allow users to engage in a phenomenon called "group buying" — buyers joining groups, or coalitions, to bundle their purchasing power towards sellers. We argue that this may be due to a lack of face-to-face interaction on the Internet; often, users do not know which other users to trust, which makes them suspicious of engaging in online business, in particular if many unknown other parties are involved. This situation, however, can be alleviated by leveraging the social networks of users: based on who a user knows and is connected to, a trust metric — for example, the TrustWebRank metric developed by us — can be computed to assess who else may be considered trustworthy to that user. In this paper, we build a simple agent-based model of coalition formation among agents in the setting of group buying in an electronic marketplace. In this model, agents use their trust relationships in order to determine who to form coalitions with. We show that this leads agents to experience high utility and that agents are able to learn who is trustworthy and who is not, even when they have no initial knowledge about the trustworthiness of other agents. This work may provide the foundation for a real-world application of an online coalition formation platform for e-commerce built on a social networking platform such as Facebook.
The Small-World Property in Networks Growing by Active Edges

In the last three years, we have witnessed an increasing number of complex network models based on a 'fractal' approach, in which parts of the network are repeatedly replaced by a given pattern. Our focus is on models that can be defined by repeatedly adding a pattern network to selected edges, called active edges. We prove that when a pattern network has at least two active edges, then the resulting network has an average distance at most logarithmic in the number of nodes. This suggests that real-world networks based on a similar growth mechanism are likely to have small average distance. We provide an estimate of the clustering coefficient and verify its accuracy using simulations. Using numerous examples of simple patterns, our simulations show various ways to generate small-world networks. Finally, we discuss extensions to our framework encompassing probabilistic patterns and active subnetworks.
ntidepressant-like effects of the Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae lba drug pair

The Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba drug pair plays a pivotal role in Xiaoyaosan, a famous Chinese herbal preparation that is popular in clinical medicine. To investigate the antidepressant-like effects and potential mechanism of action of the Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba drug pair, we carried out the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), as the mouse models of depression; and the open field test (OFT) to exclude false-positive results. Subsequently, ptosis and hypothermia induced by reserpine were assessed. Finally, the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites, namely epinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the hippocampal and cortical tissues of mice were detected with HPLC with electrochemical detector. The Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba (1:1) drug pair at low, medium, and high doses decreased immobility time in both the FST and TST, and counteracted hypothermia induced by reserpine in mice. After the administration of reserpine, the concentrations of 5-HT and NE in the hippocampal and cortical tissues were decreased; however, pre-treatment with the Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba drug pair significantly elevated the concentrations of 5-HT and NE in the hippocampal and cortical tissues. The results suggested that, compared with single dose of fluoxetine and the drugs used individually, the Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba drug pair had an excellent antidepressant-like effect. These data revealed a possible mechanism of action, as the regulation of the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter system in the hippocampal and cortical tissues. Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder; FST, forced swim test; TST, tail uspension test; OFT, open field test; NE, epinephrine; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; -HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; TCAs, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepresants; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; rMAO-As, reversible inhibitors f monoamine oxidase A; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; ECD, lectrochemical detector; AC, adenylate cyclase; CREB, cAMP responsive elementinding protein; PKA, protein kinase A; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; L, low dose Radix Bupleuri group; BM, medium dose Radix Bupleuri group; BH, high ose Radix Bupleuri group; PL, low dose Radix Paeoniae Alba group; PM, medium dose adix Paeoniae Alba group; PH, high dose Radix Paeoniae Alba group; BPL, low dose adix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba group; BPM, medium dose Radix Bupleuri and adix Paeoniae Alba group; BPH, high dose Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba roup; C, control group; P, fluoxetine group. ∗ Corresponding authors at: No.312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 00193, PR China. E-mail addresses: bianjibugs@163.com (S. Gao), ycq-4@163.com (C.-Q. Yu). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neulet. 2016.09. 001 304-3940/© 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contralateral C7 Transfer to Lower Trunk Via a Subcutaneous Tunnel Across the Anterior Surface of Chest and Neck for Total Root Avulsion of the Brachial Plexus: A Preliminary Report

OBJECTIVE We investigate an innovative and efficacious procedure for restoring wrist flexion, finger flexion, and hand sensation by passing the contralateral C7 through a subcutaneous tunnel across the anterior surface of the chest and neck. METHODS Four patients (3 men, 1 woman) with total brachial plexus avulsion were treated from November 2005 to July 2007, their ages ranging from 18 to 36 years (average, 26 years). The operative delay was from 23 days to 5 months (mean, 2 months). The contralateral C7 nerve root was employed to repair the injured lower trunk or the C8-T1 spinal nerves via the subcutaneous tunnel across the anterior surface of the chest and neck. Direct neurorrhaphy was performed on the C8-T1 residual nerve roots in 2 patients. In the other 2 patients, a nerve graft of 4.5 cm in length was used to restore function of the affected lower trunk. RESULTS Postoperative electromyography at 26 and 38 months recorded compound muscle action potentials and motor unit potentials in the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor pollicis longus in all cases. On clinical examination digital flexion scored M1-M3, carpal flexion M2-M4, and hand sensation S1-S3. CONCLUSION Transfer of the contralateral C7 to the lower trunk proved to be a safe and feasible procedure. Compared with the traditional transfer of the contralateral C7 to the median nerve, it might help patients gain better restoration of wrist flexion, finger flexion, and hand sensation.
Fair Price and Trading Price: an ABM Approach with order-Placement Strategy and misunderstanding of Fundamental Value

This paper studies the effect of investor’s bounded rationality on market dynamics. In a call auction market, we consider a few-types model where two risky assets are traded. Agents differ by their behavior, knowledge, risk aversion and investment horizon. The investor’s demand is defined by a utility maximization under constant absolute risk aversion (CARA). Relaxing the assumption of perfect knowledge of fundamentals enables to identify two components in a bubble. The first one comes from the unperceived fundamental changes due to trader’s belief perseverance. The second one is generated by chartist behavior. In all simulations, speculators make the market less efficient and more volatile. They also increase the maximum amount of assets exchanged in the most liquid time step. However, our model does not show rising average volatility on long term. Concerning the fundamentalists, the belief perseverance has a stabilization impact on the spot price. The closer the anchor is to the true fundamental value, the more efficient the market is, because the prices change smoothly.
Condoms and the Prevention of AIDS

To the Editor. — We were interested in reading the letter by Conant et al1regarding their laboratory data that condoms prevent transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated virus. It is reassuring that retroviruses cannot pass through latex, synthetic skin, or natural lamb skin. The use of condoms has become a cornerstone for safe sexual activity, being recommended to prevent transmission of the AIDS-associated retrovirus. We feel that other factors regarding condoms are much more likely to result in failure to prevent transmission than the virus actually passing through the prophylactic. These factors have already been well substantiated by the 10% failure rate per year of condoms to prevent pregnancies.2 It is not yet clear whether gay men are more motivated to employ condoms to prevent the transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus than heterosexual couples are likely to use condoms as a means of birth control. The appropriate use of
Application of Cut Algorithm based on Algebraic connectivity to Community Detection

In the graph of a complex network, the algebraic connectivity is the second smallest eigenvalue of a Laplacian matrix. In this paper, we present a cut algorithm based on edge centrality by minimizing the algebraic connectivity of graph. The edge centrality cut algorithm (ECCA) cuts k edges at a time in order to reduce temporal complexity, the algebraic connectivity of which experiences the fastest decline. To prevent nodes from overcutting, each edge sets the weight. We use the advanced ECCA (AECCA) to detect overlapping communities by calculating the correlation coefficients of the nodes. This paper also proposes upper, lower and weaker lower bounds of algebraic connectivity. We demonstrate that our algorithms are effective and accurate at discovering community structure in both artificial and real-world network data and that the algebraic connectivity of the cut algorithm lies between the upper and lower bounds. Our algorithms offer new insights into community detection by calculating the edge centrality.
Little Evidence of Association Between Severity of Trigonocephaly and Cognitive Development in Infants With Single‐Suture Metopic Synostosis

OBJECTIVESTo measure severity of trigonocephaly among infants with single-suture metopic craniosynostosis by using a novel shape descriptor, the trigonocephaly severity index (TSI), and to evaluate whether degree of trigonocephaly correlates with their neurodevelopmental test scores. METHODSWe conducted a multicenter cross-sectional and longitudinal study, identifying and recruiting 65 infants with metopic synostosis before their corrective surgery. We obtained computed tomography images for 49 infants and measured the presurgical TSI, a 3-dimensional outline-based cranial shape descriptor. We evaluated neurodevelopment by administering the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, and the Preschool Language Scale, Third Edition, before surgery and at 18 and 36 months of age. We fit linear regression models to estimate associations between test scores and TSI values adjusted for age at testing and race/ethnicity. We fit logistic regression models to estimate whether the odds of developmental delay were increased among children with more severe trigonocephaly. RESULTSWe observed little adjusted association between neurodevelopmental test scores and TSI values, and no associations that persisted at 3 years. Trigonocephaly was less severe among children referred at older ages. CONCLUSIONWe observed little evidence of an association between the severity of trigonocephaly among metopic synostosis patients and their neurodevelopmental test scores. Detecting such a relationship with precision may require larger sample sizes or alternative phenotypic quantifiers. Until studies are conducted to explore these possibilities, it appears that although associated with the presence of metopic synostosis, the risk of developmental delays in young children is unrelated to further variation in trigonocephalic shape.
Human Prion Diseases

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that lead to spongiform degeneration of the brain and the deposition of abnormally conformed host-derived prion protein. Up to 15% of the cases are autosomal genetic and caused by multiple mutations in PRNP . Inheritance is autosomal dominant.
Does prior microsurgery improve or worsen the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus meningiomas?

BACKGROUND Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important option for patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cranial nerve outcomes in patients who underwent SRS for cavernous sinus meningiomas with or without prior microsurgery. METHODS During a 23-year interval, 272 patients underwent Gamma Knife SRS for cavernous sinus meningiomas (70 men, 202 women; median age, 54 years). In this series, 99 patients underwent prior microsurgical resection. The median tumor volume was 7.9 cm and median marginal dose was 13 Gy. The median follow-up period was 62 months (range, 6-209 months). RESULTS The progression-free survival after SRS was 96% at 3 years, 94% at 5 years, and 86% at 10 years. After SRS, 13 of 91 patients (14%) who underwent prior microsurgery had improvement of preexisting cranial nerve symptoms or signs. In comparison, 54 of 145 patients (37%) without prior microsurgery had improvement of preexisting cranial nerve symptoms or signs. The improvement rate of cranial nerve deficits after SRS in patients without prior microsurgery was 20% at 1 year, 34% at 2 years, 36% at 3 years, and 39% at 5 years. Patients who had not undergone prior microsurgery had significantly higher improvement rates of preexisting cranial nerve symptoms and signs (P = .001). After SRS, 29 patients (11%) developed new or worsened cranial nerve function. CONCLUSION SRS provided long-term effective tumor control and a low risk of new cranial nerve deficits. Improvement in preexisting cranial neuropathies was detected in significantly more patients who had not undergone prior microsurgical procedures.
Prevention of emotional problems and psychiatric risks in children of parents with a mental illness in the Netherlands: I. The scientific basis to a comprehensive approach

Abstract Children of parents with a mental illness are at significant risk of developing mental disorders and other adverse outcomes at some point in their lives compared to children of healthy parents. During the last 20 years, a comprehensive preventive program for children of parents with a mental illness has been developed in the Netherlands through a longstanding national collaboration between prevention practitioners and scientists. This science- and practice-based program has been implemented by all mental health centres throughout the country (see van Doesum & Hosman, 2009 in this issue). This article describes the scientific underpinnings of this multicomponent program. First, the available epidemiological evidence on risk and the impact on children are discussed, regarding whether parental problems result in similar problems in children (i.e., disorder-synchronous outcomes) or in broad-spectrum outcomes. The article further presents the developmental model of transgenerational transmission of psychopathology and discusses the major mechanisms of risk transmission and the evidence-based risk and protective factors linked to these mechanisms. It finally discusses some implications and future challenges for research, knowledge innovation and implications for program development.
Multi-Valued Neutrosophic Number Bonferroni Mean Operators with their Applications in Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making

Bonferroni mean (BM) is a very useful aggregation operator, which can consider the correlations between the aggregated arguments and the multi-valued neutrosophic set can be much more convenient to denote the incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information, in this paper, we applied the Bonferroni mean to the multi-valued neutrosophic set, and proposed some Bonferroni mean operators of multi-valued neutrosophic numbers (MVNNs). First, we gave some operational laws and a comparison method of MVNNs, then we presented the weighted Bonferroni mean (WBM) operator and weighted geometric Bonferroni mean (WGBM) operator. Further, we proposed the multi-valued neutrosophic weighted Bonferroni mean (MVNWBM) operator and the multi-valued neutrosophic weighted geometric Bonferroni mean (MVNWGBM) operator and some properties of them are also investigated. Finally, the decision making methods are developed based on MVNWGBM operator and MVNWBM operator, and an example about investment selection is given to illustrate the applications of the developed methods and the influence of different parameter values on the decision-making results.