Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Pass Port Scan Detection Technique Based on Connection Pattern and Status on Sampled Data

Anomaly detection is now very important in the network because the increasing use of the internet and security of a network or user is a main concern of any network administrator. As the use of the internet increases, so the chances of having a threat or attack in the network are also increasing day by day and traffic in the network is also increasing. It is very difficult to analyse all the traffic data in network for finding the anomaly in the network and sampling provides a way to analyse the anomalies in network with less traffic data. In this paper, we propose a port scan detection approach called CPST uses connection status and pattern of the connections to detect a particular source is scanner or benign host. We also show that this approach works efficiently under different sampling methods.
Zen and Japanese Culture

Preface IIGeneral Remarks on Japanese Art Culture IIIZen and the Study of Confucianism IVZen and the Samurai VZen and Swordsmanship I VIZen and Swordsmanship II VIIZen and Haiku VIIIZen and the Art of Tea I IXZen and the Art of Tea II XRikyu and Other Teamen XILove of Nature Appendices ITwo Mondo from the "Hekigan-shu" IIThe Vimalakirti Sutra III"Yama-uba," a No Play IVThe Swordsman and the Cat VChuang-tzu Bibliography Index
Preoperative PET and the Reduction of Unnecessary Surgery Among Newly Diagnosed Lung Cancer Patients in a Community Setting

The goals of this study were to examine the real-world effectiveness of PET in avoiding unnecessary surgery for newly diagnosed patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Methods: A cohort of 2,977 veterans with non–small cell lung cancer between 1997 and 2009 were assessed for use of PET during staging and treatment planning. The subgroup of 976 patients who underwent resection was assessed for several outcomes, including pathologic evidence of mediastinal lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and 12-mo mortality. We anticipated that PET may have been performed selectively on the basis of unobserved characteristics (e.g., providers ordered PET when they suspected disseminated disease). Therefore, we conducted an instrumental variable analysis, in addition to conventional multivariate logistic regression, to reduce the influence of this potential bias. This type of analysis attempts to identify an additional variable that is related to receipt of treatment but not causally associated with the outcome of interest, similar to randomized assignment. The instrument here was calendar time. This analysis can be informative when patients do not receive the treatment that the instrument suggests they “should” have received. Results: Overall, 30.3% of patients who went to surgery were found to have evidence of metastasis uncovered during the procedure or within 12 mo, indicating that nearly one third of patients underwent surgery unnecessarily. The use of preoperative PET increased substantially over the study period, from 9% to 91%. In conventional multivariate analyses, PET use was not associated with a decrease in unnecessary surgery (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.16; P = 0.351). However, a reduction in unnecessary surgery (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.82; P = 0.004) was identified in the instrumental variable analyses, which attempted to account for potentially unobserved confounding. Conclusion: PET has now become routine in preoperative staging and treatment planning in the community and appears to be beneficial in avoiding unnecessary surgery. Evaluating the effectiveness of PET appears to be influenced by potentially unmeasured adverse selection of patients, especially when PET first began to be disseminated in the community.
A Simple RLCC-Diode-Opamp Chaotic Oscillator

This paper presents a simple autonomous chaotic oscillator. The design method is primarily based on a linear oscillator constructed by a closed loop connection of two building blocks, i.e. an inverting active integrator and a passive second-order LC integrator. A diode is inserted in parallel to the two building blocks for inducing chaos. The mathematical model reveals a set of three-dimensional ordinary differential equations, containing seven terms with four constants and an exponential nonlinearity. The dynamics properties are investigated in terms of an equilibrium point, Jacobian matrix, chaotic attractors, bifurcation, Lyapunov exponents, and chaotic waveforms in time domain. The proposed chaotic oscillator potentially exhibits complex dynamical behaviors through the utilization of only six minimal electronic components.
Summary of Research , Teaching , and Innovation Philosophy

Dependability is one of the most pressing problems facing systems designers and operators today. Despite improved development processes and tools, all productionquality software has difficult-to-reproduce bugs, including Heisenbugs, race conditions, resource leaks, and environment-dependent bugs, all of which can trigger prolonged outages when they strike live systems. Faced with failures, operators’ main concern is rapid recovery. To make things worse, due to high line counts, rapid churn, and the limited impact and cultural resistance to “correctby-design” approaches, our understanding of these complex systems of black boxes is poor except at the coarsest grain, impeding both diagnosis and repair. We address this challenge with two key innovations. First, since availability is defined as MTTF/(MTTF+MTTR), improvement through reducing MTTR is just as valid as through lengthening MTTF, and is an under-explored area where there may be opportunities for real contributions. Second, we use machine learning techniques to characterize the “normal” behavior of complex systems and then detect possible problems by looking for anomalous behavior; since achieving the highest detection rates with such techniques results in some false positives, we architect systems to expose lowcost “do no harm” recovery techniques that are always safe to try, which is synergistic with our first goal of lowering MTTR. We find that if recovery is made sufficiently cheap, it leads to a change in thinking about systems from “normalmode vs. recovery-mode” to “always adapting, always recovering”. We provide a simple invariant that can be exploited by any recovery policy: rebooting a whole node or a fine-grained set of software components, though not guaranteed to solve the problem, is always safe to try—it results in no loss of correctness and modest but tolerable loss of performance. This simplifies recovery policy and allows for aggressive failure monitoring based on anomaly detection algorithms, enabling the application of a vast existing literature on pattern recognition, data mining/clustering, etc. to the problem of dependability. The effect on end users is
Patterns of Smoking Among Adolescents in Malaysia and Thailand: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey

At present, 70% of the world's 1.1 billion smokers are in developing countries, with over 50% in Asia alone. The current study examined patterns of youth smoking in Thailand and Malaysia. Respondents were 2002 youths between the ages of 13 and 17 from Thailand (n = 1000) and Malaysia (n = 1002). Respondents were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design and surveyed between January 2005 and March 2005. Approximately 3% of youth between the ages of 13 and 17 were current smokers, with an additional 10% to 12% reporting experimental smoking. Males were between 7 and 15 times more likely to report smoking behavior than females. Less than 1% of females respondents in either country met the criteria for current smoking, and less than 5% met the criteria for experimental smoking. In contrast, more than 50% Thai males and approximately one-third of Malaysian males aged 17 met the criteria for either experimental or current smoking.
Natural history of mild-moderate pulmonary hypertension and the risk factors for severe pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma.

OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with scleroderma (SSc, systemic sclerosis). METHODS We used a cohort of 1136 SSc patients using severe PH as the primary outcome in a natural history study. RESULTS Among 361 individuals with no initial echocardiographic PH, 92 (26.0%) developed mild-moderate PH and 48 (13.6%) severe PH. Patients developing severe PH had lower initial DLCO (48.8% of predicted) than those who did not develop PH (56.8% of predicted). Patients with mild-moderate PH had a 17% probability of progressing to severe PH, and 15.6% probability of regressing to no PH. Individuals with limited disease, mild-moderate PH, and age > or= 47 years at diagnosis had a 27.3% probability of developing severe PH, compared to 8.5% in individuals with diffuse disease, no evidence of PH, and age < 47 years at diagnosis. Longitudinal regression models estimated that individuals with limited disease, mild-moderate PH, and DLCO < 50% predicted had an age-adjusted odds ratio of 8.6 of developing severe PH within 2 years compared to individuals without these risk factors. CONCLUSION Development of severe PH is uncommon in certain subgroups of SSc patients. Risk factors for progression of PH include older age, limited skin disease, and elevated pulmonary artery pressures at the time of initial evaluation.
Differences in matrix vesicle concentration among growth plate zones

We studied the proximal tibial growth plates of 15‐day‐old mice to determine if matrix vesicle concentration varies among growth plate zones or between the pericellular and territorial matrix compartment and the interterritorial matrix compartment. Growth plates were examined by electron microscopy and divided into five zones: reserve zone (RZ), upper proliferative zone (UPZ), lower proliferative zone (LPZ), upper hypertrophic zone (UHZ), and lower hypertrophic zone (LHZ) which included the calcifying zone. We measured the diameter and volume fraction of matrix vesicles and calculated their numerical density and volume per cell and number per cell in the pericellular and territorial matrix and in the interterritorial matrix of each zone. In the pericellular and territorial matrix compartment, the matrix vesicle concentration progressively decreased from the RZ to the LHZ. Changes in matrix vesicle concentration in the interterritorial matrix followed a different pattern. Between the RZ and the UPZ, matrix vesicle numerical density declined slightly and then increased to peak values in the LPZ and UHZ, followed by a decline between the UHZ and the LHZ. These changes in matrix vesicle concentration paralleled previously reported changes in intramitochondrial calcium content (8), suggesting that matrix vesicle production in growth plate may be related to intracellular calcium concentration. The existence of the maximum concentration of matrix vesicles in the LPZ and UHZ longitudinal septa which do not mineralize followed by a decline in matrix vesicle concentration in the LHZ longitudinal septa which mineralize suggests that a high concentration of matrix vesicles may be needed to prepare the matrix for mineralization or to initiate mineralization and that matrix vesicles are depleted during mineralization.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dental Surgeons in managing Child Patients

The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental surgeons in the city of Karachi providing treatment to pediatric patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental surgeons in the city of Karachi providing treatment to pediatric patients. A cluster-sampling technique was used and 200 dental surgeons from six different dental institutions were selected. A self-constructed questionnaire was distributed to the dental surgeons that comprised 20 closed-ended questions. The data was entered and analyzed for frequency and percentages by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. The results showed that 76 (38%) dental surgeons took the responsibility of managing pediatric patient when given; 68 (34%) dental surgeons allowed the parents in the clinic; 111 (55.5%) dental surgeons are of the view that colorful and fun environment in dental clinic make the child at ease; 59 (29.5%) always demonstrate the dental procedure to the child to eradicate imaginary fears; 94 (47.0%) dental surgeons preferred the child to be treated in general anesthesia (GA) to avoid difficult behavior of the child; 135 (67.5%) dental surgeons did not show syringe needle or any instrument to the child. All the members of dental profession must be aware of patient perceptions, preferences, and fear to meet patient’s needs. Dental studies should include guidelines and techniques to train the upcoming dentists for excellent practice in pediatric dentistry. How to cite this article Wali A, Siddiqui TM, Khan R, Batool K. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dental Surgeons in managing Child Patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):372-378.
Evidence that spontaneous mitotic recombination occurs at the two-strand stage.

Spontaneous reciprocal mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, associated with heteroallelic recombination, occurs almost exclusively at the two-strand stage and involves recombination of unduplicated chromosomes (i.e., during G1) or the unduplicated regions of chromosomes during the S phase of mitosis. The associated heteroallelic recombination frequently reflects the formation of symmetric Holliday structures, is not strongly polarized with respect to conversion at the heteroallelic trp5 sites studied, occasionally results in simultaneous conversion of widely separated genetic markers, and is positively correlated with recombination of flanking markers.
Active Fundamental Performance

We propose a new measure, Active Fundamental Performance (AFP), to identify skilled fund managers. AFP focuses on stock performance during a short window around earnings announcements, in which price movements are mainly driven by firm-specific information revealing fundamental values. AFP is thus less affected by noise and other shocks in the market. Over the period 1984–2008, we find strong persistence in AFP for skilled funds in the subsequent three years. Moreover, funds in the top decile with high AFP subsequently outperform those with low AFP by 2 to 3 percent per year.
Probe ADME and Test Hypotheses: a PATH beyond clearance in vitro–in vivo correlations in early drug discovery

Introduction: In vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolic profiling is pursued extensively to optimize drug properties. Still, the in vivo clearance of half of all new chemical entities (NCEs) remains poorly predicted by CYP450 metabolism, based on Novartis rat pharmacokinetic data. The conventional route to illuminating key drivers of in vivo clearance beyond hepatic metabolism is, frequently, the process of elimination, a time-consuming and sometimes resource-intensive practice. A more nimble and efficient diagnosis of drug clearance is imperative to support today's chemistry optimization. Areas covered: This article reviews in vitro–in vivo clearance correlation (IVIVC) analysis of drugs and NCEs including in silico advances, in vitro opportunities for clearance characterization and guidance for proper interpretation of clearance data. Potential mechanisms for under- and overestimation of in vivo clearance obtained from in vitro approaches are reviewed. The article offers insight into a practical PATH (Probe ADME and Test Hypotheses) for discovery data analysis that can enrich IVIVC development and guide more efficient use of the ADME-PK toolbox. Expert opinion: In vitro hepatic CYP450 stability measurements remain the most practical way to triage for high metabolic liabilities. Clearance is a complex process involving multiple mechanisms and many factors tend to be overlooked in routine correlation analyses. Equilibrium protein binding, intrinsic permeability and ionization may yield insight into distribution-limited clearance. In addition, hydrophobic character and transporter interaction can be valuable in diagnosing dominant clearance pathways. An integrated ADME approach to clearance interrogation is expected to help refine the in vitro–in silico strategies that guide medicinal chemistry.
Correlational paraconsistent machine for anomaly detection

This paper presents a new tool for anomaly detection called Correlational Paraconsistent Machine (CPM), which is applied in mathematical treatment of uncertainties that may arise during the normal network traffic behavior modeling. The presented CPM incorporates two unsupervised models for traffic characterization, and principles on paraconsistency to evaluate the network for the presence of irregularity at traffic levels. Using flow data collected at the backbone of a real network, we present two case studies and show that our approach can accurately detect anomalies and validate the consistency of the process.
Captopril does not improve insulin action in essential hypertension: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study

Objective To compare the effect of captopril with that of placebo on peripheral and hepatic insulin action in essential hypertension, in light of evidence that insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular risk. Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, with 8 week treatment periods of captopril and placebo preceded and separated by 6 weeks of placebo. Setting Belfast teaching hospital. Patients Eighteen Caucasian nondiabetic patients (10 males), aged under 65 years, with essential hypertension, recruited from general practices in the greater Belfast area. Interventions Captopril at 50 mg twice a day or placebo twice a day for two 8 week treatment periods. Main outcome measures Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity assessed by glucose clamps. Results Fourteen patients completed the study. Mean (± SEM) levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and postabsorptive hepatic glucose production were similar after captopril and placebo (5.4 ± 0.1 versus 5.4 ± 0.1 mmol/l, 10.6 ± 2.2 versus 9.5 ± 1.1 mU/l, 11.2 ± 0.6 versus 11.0 ± 0.5 mmol/kg per min, respectively). During hyperinsulinaemia, hepatic glucose production was suppressed to comparable levels after both treatments (4.8 ± 0.6 versus 4.3 ± 0.6 mmol/kg per min) and exogenous glucose infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia were also similar (30.0 ± 2.6 versus 30.3 ± 2.6 mmol/kg per min). Conclusion Captopril therapy in uncomplicated essential hypertension has no effect on peripheral or hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Ketogenic diets: new advances for metabolism-based therapies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite myriad anticonvulsants available and in various stages of development, there are thousands of children and adults with epilepsy worldwide still refractory to treatment and not candidates for epilepsy surgery. Many of these patients will now turn to dietary therapies such as the ketogenic diet, medium-chain triglyceride diet, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index treatment. RECENT FINDINGS In the past several years, neurologists are finding new indications to use these dietary treatments, perhaps even as first-line therapy, including infantile spasms, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (Doose syndrome), Dravet syndrome, and status epilepticus (including FIRES syndrome). Adults are also one of the most rapidly growing populations being treated nowadays; this group of patients previously was not typically offered these treatments. In 2009, two controlled trials of the ketogenic diet were published, as well as an International Expert Consensus Statement on dietary treatment of epilepsy. Ketogenic diets are also now being increasingly studied for neurological conditions other than epilepsy, including Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Insights from basic science research have helped elucidate the mechanisms by which metabolism-based therapy may be helpful, in terms of both an anticonvulsant and possibly a neuroprotective effect. SUMMARY Dietary therapy for epilepsy continues to grow in popularity worldwide, with expanding use for adults and conditions other than epilepsy.
Ascending efferent projections of the superior olivary complex

The superior olivary complex conveys information about binaural time and intensity to higher centers in the auditory pathway. This information is sent primarily to the subdivisions of the inferior colliculus and to the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. Olivary projections are the predominant afferents to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. Electron microscopic observations of axonal endings in the central nucleus suggest that the ipsilateral medial superior olive and contralateral lateral superior olive make excitatory synapses. In contrast, the axons from the ipsilateral lateral superior olive to the central nucleus contain glycine and have a morphology consistent with inhibitory synapses. Little is known about the transmitter types used by olivary projections to the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, but they are presumed to be similar to the collicular projections. Olivary ascending efferents are tonotopically organized and terminate in laminae in the inferior colliculus. They combine with other laminar afferents and postsynaptic neurons to create fibro‐dendritic laminae in the colliculus. The key to the functional organization of the olivary efferents is the possible segregation of excitatory olivary efferents from each other in “synaptic domains” located on the laminae. This segregation may be the major determinant of response properties in the colliculus. Olivary efferents may converge with other non‐olivary afferents on the same postsynaptic neurons in the colliculus. Inhibitory efferents from the lateral superior olive are essential in shaping the response properties of neurons in the colliculus. Olivary efferents to the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus are also key components of ascending pathways that inhibit neurons in the midbrain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 51:355–363, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal correlation‐based dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging improves assessment of complex pulmonary circulation in congenital heart disease

A temporal correlation (TC) mapping method is proposed to help bolus chasing during dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI of complex pulmonary circulation (CPC) in patients with congenital heart disease. DCE‐MRI was performed on five healthy male subjects (23–24 years old) and 25 patients (nine males and 16 females, 0.25–44 years old), and TC maps were generated by performing pixel‐based computation of cross‐correlations to the pulmonary artery with a series of time shifts in all subjects. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed in comparison with original DCE images. TC maps exhibited a better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) by factors of 4.3 and 1.3 in the lung parenchyma, pulmonary veins, and superior artery/vein; a better intraparenchymal contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) by factors of 1.5–5.4; and a significantly higher conspicuity in all regions except the pulmonary arteries when graded with a five‐point score. TC maps evaluated by two experienced clinicians significantly added relevant information (P < 0.001), and in some cases affected the final diagnosis. We conclude that TC maps facilitate bolus chasing for DCE‐MRI by reducing recirculation effects and interframe fluctuations, and hence complements morphological imaging of CPC in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.