Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REVIEW ON THE PROBLEM OF ZINC DEFFICIENCY, PROGRAM PREVENTION AND ITS PROSPECT

Among of the micronutrient defficiency, zinc deficiency do not get proper priorities yet or neglegted. This situation is due to the relatively limited availability of data related to zinc defficiency, and broader of functional consequencies of zinc defficiency. In developed countries, studies on zinc defficiency has started almost since half century ago, however in Indonesia this study started since 20-30 years ago. This paper review the problem of zinc defficiency, effort to prevent and its prospect. Zinc has many functions in the body, involves in more than 300 enzyme, so the manifestation of zinc defficiency also varied and sometimes not specific. The parameter for determination of zinc status of the body also varied, so comparing the prevalence of zinc defficiency from different study should be more careful, because there is no consecus on the parameter yet. The prevalence of zinc defficiency ranges from 10% - 90%: the different parameter used in each study affecting the prevalence. Diet of middle low community usually plant based diet, which poor zinc content and high content of inhibitor for zinc absorbtion. On the other hand high prevalence of diarrhea also affect the losses of zinc. Consumption of red meat which rich in zinc usually also low in the middle low community. The possible and feasible program for preventing zinc defficiency are: food supplementation, fortification, biofortification, zinc firtilization in the agronomic, and nutrition education. Key words: stunting, micronutrient, zinc defficiency, growth retardation Kata kunci: Stunting, Zat Gizi Mikrn, Defisiensi Seng, Pendek, Retardasi Pertumbuhan,
Curtin at TRECVID 2006 Rushes Summarization

“Rushes are the raw material (extra video, B-rolls footage) used to produce a video. 20 to 40 times as much material may be shot as actually becomes part of the finished product. Rushes usually have only natural sound. Actors are only sometimes present. So very little if any information is encoded in speech. Rushes contain many frames or sequences of frames that are highly repetitive, e.g., many takes of the same scene redone due to errors (e.g. an actor gets his lines wrong, a plane flies over, etc.), long segments in which the camera is fixed on a given scene or barely moving, etc. A significant part of the material might qualify as stock footage reusable shots of people, objects, events, locations, etc ” (Trecvid)
A Novel Learning Rate Schedule in Optimization for Neural Networks and It's Convergence

The process of machine learning is to find parameters that minimize the cost function constructed by learning the data. This is called optimization and the parameters at that time are called the optimal parameters in neural networks. In the process of finding the optimization, there were attempts to solve the symmetric optimization or initialize the parameters symmetrically. Furthermore, in order to obtain the optimal parameters, the existing methods have used methods in which the learning rate is decreased over the iteration time or is changed according to a certain ratio. These methods are a monotonically decreasing method at a constant rate according to the iteration time. Our idea is to make the learning rate changeable unlike the monotonically decreasing method. We introduce a method to find the optimal parameters which adaptively changes the learning rate according to the value of the cost function. Therefore, when the cost function is optimized, the learning is complete and the optimal parameters are obtained. This paper proves that the method ensures convergence to the optimal parameters. This means that our method achieves a minimum of the cost function (or effective learning). Numerical experiments demonstrate that learning is good effective when using the proposed learning rate schedule in various situations.
The Bifidobacterim bifidum (BIB2) Probiotic Increased Immune System Factors in Men Sprint Athletes

Foods supplemented with probiotics enhance athletes’ immune system functions, improve body health and consequently decreases athlete’s health maintenance costs. Probiotics improve immune system function against pathogens via affecting on innate immune system, humeral immunity and cytokines. The effects of consumption of Iranian probiotic Bifidobactrium bifidum (BIB2) on athletes’ immune system functions were evaluated. The results showed studied immune system factors were significantly different between test and control groups, so that IgA, IgM, lymphocyte and monocytes percentage and CD4 measurements of test group were higher than control. The Bifidobacterim bifidum (BIB2) probiotic consumption can affect some immune system factors; therefore its ability to improved general health should be studied more.
Interpretation of Statistical Data: The Importance of Affective Expressions.

In recent years, research on teaching and learning of statistics emphasized that the interpretation of data is a complex process that involves cognitive and technical aspects. However, it is a human activity that involves also contextual and affective aspects. This view is in line with research on affectivity and cognition. While the affective aspects are recognized as important for the interpretation of data, they were not sufficiently discussed in the literature. This paper examines topics from an empirical study that investigates the influence of affective expression during the interpretation of statistical data by final-year undergraduate students of statistics and pedagogy. These two university courses have different curricular components, which are related to specific goals in the future professional careers of the students. The results suggest that despite differing academic backgrounds in both groups, the participants’ affective expressions were the most frequent type of category used during the interpretation of research assignments.
Methylation Talk Between Histones and DNA

The addition of methyl groups to DNA or histones is a way to directly or indirectly silence gene expression. Although the two events are conceivably connected, they have always been studied separately. In his Perspective, Bird explores the exciting notion (supported by data published elsewhere) that the two events are irrevocably linked, that is, DNA methylation depends on histone methylation.
Inhibition of P185(C-ERBB-2) protooncogene expression by antisense oligodeoxynuleotides down regulates P185 associated tyrosine kinase activity and strongly inhibits mammary tumor cell proliferation

The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene codes for a 185-kd putative growth factor receptor that is highly homologous to but distinct from the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Amplification and overexpression of c-erbB-2 occurs in a number of human tumors, in some of which it is a negative prognostic factor. This study investigates the possibility of inhibiting tumor-cell proliferation by blocking c-erbB-2 expression in the human mammary carcinoma cell line SK-Br-3 using chemically modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Expression of the p185c-erbB-2 protein product was selectively reduced within 48 hours and resulted in a growth arrest of SK-Br-3 cells. Biochemical studies of tyrosine-kinase and S6-kinase activities after antisense inhibition of c-erbB-2 show that p185c-erbB-2 activates the S6-kinase signalling pathway in a nonlinear, dose-dependent manner. This may be relevant for the design of therapeutic strategies involving the inhibition of c-erbB-2 (proto)- oncogene expression.
Pathway Integration and Visualization

Most of the molecular, cellular, and developmental biology researches are studying the mechanism behind a biological phenomenon. Most biological mechanisms describe the order of a series of molecular interaction events rather than that of a single reaction. Thus, a biological mechanism is essentially a pathway. A manually drawn image file may present all types of pathways, but it is difficult to perform computation with a static image, such as automatic comparison of a pathway in two different species or pathway integration. A database and a dynamic visualization tool will be needed to present the integrated pathway information.
The effect of severity of mastitis on protein and fat contents of buffalo milk.

The present study was conducted under field conditions to determine the effect of severity of mastitis on the milk protein and fat contents. For this purpose, 150 buffaloes, having almost same stage of lactation (third to fourth month post calving) and parity (second to third), were selected randomly from District Jhang. Milk protein and fat contents were determined by using Formol and Gerber methods, respectively. The severity of mastitis was graded as P1, P2 and P3 by surf field mastitis test. Average protein (3.85 ± 0.76%) and fat (5.01 ± 0.19%) contents were maximum in the milk of buffaloes that were negative for mastitis. However, these contents decreased with the severity of mastitis from 3.56 ± 0.10 to 3.14 ± 0.10% for protein and 4.91 ± 0.17 to 4.39 ± 0.15% for fat.
Abstract 4485: Preclinical characterization of PWT33597, a dual inhibitor of PI3-kinase alpha and mTOR

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) is an important mediator of tumor cell growth, survival and proliferation. In particular, PI3K alpha is important for signaling downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and is also frequently amplified or mutationally activated in tumors, suggesting that selective inhibitors of this isoform may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of cancer. Downstream of PI3K, the mTOR kinase also plays a critical role in cellular growth and metabolism, and inhibitors of mTOR have demonstrated clinical benefit in several tumor types. We report here the discovery and characterization of [PWT33597][1], a dual inhibitor of PI3K alpha and mTOR. [PWT33597][1] inhibits PI3K alpha and mTOR in biochemical assays with IC50 values of 19 and 14 nM respectively, and is approximately 10-fold selective with respect to PI3K gamma and PI3K delta. Profiling of [PWT33597][1] against 442 protein kinases (Ambit Kinomescan) revealed little or no cross-reactivity with either serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases, and there was little cross-reactivity with an additional panel of 64 pharmacologically relevant targets. In NCI-H460 and HCT116 tumor cells with mutationally activated PI3K alpha, [PWT33597][1] inhibits phosphorylation of PI3K and mTOR pathway proteins with cellular IC50 values similar to its biochemical IC50 values. [PWT33597][1] has good pharmacokinetic properties in multiple preclinical species, is not extensively metabolized in vivo and shows little potential for interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes. Following a single oral dose in vivo, [PWT33597][1] shows durable inhibition of PI3K and mTOR pathway signaling in xenograft tumors. High compound distribution into tumors and potent anti-tumor activity has been observed in multiple tumor xenograft models with activated PI3K/mTOR pathways. Also, administration of [PWT33597][1] in mice is associated with transient increases in plasma insulin, consistent with an effect on PI3K/AKT signaling. A robust PK/PD relationship has been defined, which will guide interpretation of the planned phase I clinical study. IND-enabling studies with [PWT33597][1] are currently in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4485. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4485 [1]: /lookup/external-ref? link_type=GENPEPT&access_num=PWT33597&atom=%2Fcanres%2F71%2F8_Supplement%2F4485.atom
Can a Dynamic Reward-Penalty Mechanism Help the Implementation of Renewable Portfolio Standards under Information Asymmetry?

To further promote the low-carbon and sustainable development of China’s power industry, the Chinese government is vigorously introducing competition into power sales market. Simultaneously, On November 15, 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “Notice on Implementing the Renewable Portfolio Standards (Draft)” to propose the implementation of power sales side Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), which cannot be realized without an effective government regulation mechanism. However, information asymmetry and the limited rationality of the regulatory agencies and private power sales companies in the regulation process make the regulatory effect uncertain to the detriment of a sustainable regulation of the power industry. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the regulation mechanism of the RPS policy in China. We considered the competitive relationship between integrated power sales companies and independent power sales companies, and established an evolutionary game model based on a limited rationality. We also analyzed the implementation effects of the static reward penalty mechanism and dynamic reward penalty mechanism, respectively. The system dynamics (SD) simulation results showed that under the static reward penalty mechanism, there is no evolutionary stable equilibrium solution, and there will be volatility that exists in the evolution process. However, the dynamic reward penalty mechanism can effectively solve these problems. What is more, our results implied that governments should formulate appropriate RPS quotas, improve the green certificate trading mechanism, and take into account the market size of power sales while implementing RPS policy.
The Role of Runx1 N-Terminal Splice Isoforms in Hematopoietic Development

WC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) family that is uniquely expressed on gd T cells. The WC1 isoforms referred to as WC1.1, WC1.2, and WC1.3 are expressed on discrete subpopulations of gd T cells with WC1.1 and WC1.2 expressed on mostly nonoverlapping gd T cell populations. Studies have demonstrated a potential role for WC1 in modulating the response of gd T cells but have not converged into a single accepted paradigm. Recent investigations that examined changing representation among mononuclear cells with age and patterns of proliferation and cytokine production by subsets bearing one or more of the previously identified variants of the WC1 molecule are summarized here. While the decrease in percentages within blood in the first year of life was found to be precipitous for WC1.1 gd T cells it was not for WC1.2 cells. While both populations proliferated to mitogen stimulation there was a bias towards responses by WC1.2 cells. In leptospira antigen stimulated cultures and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) cultures WC1.1 cells proliferated and produced interferon g (IFN g) while WC1.2 cells did to a much lower extent. This suggested functional differences related to the isoform of WC1 expressed. Under Th1 polarizing conditions, the WC1.1 cells also made IFN g whereas the vast majority of cells expressing WC1.2 did not. Despite the difference in IFN g production, cells bearing either WC1 isoform had similar transcription levels of the high affinity IL 12 receptor subunit (IL 12Rb2) as well as of the transcription factors T bet and GATA 3 when cultured with IL 12. Both populations transcribed low levels of IL 10 mRNA under Th1 polarizing conditions and TGF b transcripts were ubiquitously expressed by each of these cell types. Cloning and sequencing of the cytoplasmic tails of the WC1 isoforms revealed a consensus ITAM in all three isoforms but a DENY sequence adjacent to one of the SH 2 binding sites of WC1.1 only. The results suggest that WC1 gd T cells differentiated on the basis of WC1 isoform expression play distinct roles in immune responses that may be dictated by WC1 intracellular signaling. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Binary Expression Enhances Reliability of Messaging in Gene Networks

The promoter state of a gene and its expression levels are modulated by the amounts of transcription factors interacting with its regulatory regions. Hence, one may interpret a gene network as a communicating system in which the state of the promoter of a gene (the source) is communicated by the amounts of transcription factors that it expresses (the message) to modulate the state of the promoter and expression levels of another gene (the receptor). The reliability of the gene network dynamics can be quantified by Shannon’s entropy of the message and the mutual information between the message and the promoter state. Here we consider a stochastic model for a binary gene and use its exact steady state solutions to calculate the entropy and mutual information. We show that a slow switching promoter with long and equally standing ON and OFF states maximizes the mutual information and reduces entropy. That is a binary gene expression regime generating a high variance message governed by a bimodal probability distribution with peaks of the same height. Our results indicate that Shannon’s theory can be a powerful framework for understanding how bursty gene expression conciliates with the striking spatio-temporal precision exhibited in pattern formation of developing organisms.
Resource physiology of conifers : acquisition, allocation, and utilization

Resource Acquisition: P. Stenberg, E.H. Delucia, A.W. Schoettle, and H. Smolander, Photosynthetic Light Capture and Processing from the Cell to Canopy. R. Oren and D.W. Sheriff, Water and Nutrient Acquisition by Roots and Canopies. R.D. Yanai, T.J. Fahey, and S.L. Miller, Efficiency of Nutrient Acquisition by Fine Roots and Mycorrhizae. R.O. Teskey, D.W. Sheriff, D.Y. Hollinger, and R.B. Thomas, External and Internal Factors Regulating Photosynthesis. Part II: Resource Allocation and Utilization: D.W. Sheriff, H.A. Margolis, M.R. Kaufmann, and P.B. Reich, Resource Use Efficiency. R.J. Luxmoore, R. Oren, D.W. Sheriff, and R.B. Thomas, Source-Sink-Storage Relationships of Conifers. S.T. Gower, J.G. Isebrands, and D.W. Sheriff, Carbon Allocation and Accumulation in Conifers. D.G. Sprugel, M.G. Ryan, J.R. Brooks, K.A. Vogt, and T.A. Martin, Respiration from the Organ Level to the Stand. S.G. Pallardy, J. Cermak, F.W. Ewers, M.R. Kaufmann, W.C. Parker, and J.S. Sperry, Water Transport Dynamics in Trees and Stands. Subject Index.
HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN CHICKPEA CROSSES INVOLVING OF GENOTYPES OF DIFFERENT PLANT TYPE

For seed yield heterosis over better and mid parent was highest in the cross E 100 y (M) x E 100 y followed by L 550 (pm) x P 436-2-WR, BGM-417 x Ponaflair, The cross BGM-417 x Ponaflair, E 100 y (M) x E 100 y and PDG-8416 x PRR-1 showed high heterosis for pods/plant. The trend of average inbreeding depression for yield/plant and other characters was similar to that of heterosis but low in magnitude. The characters, pods/plant showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in all the crosses. Highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed in pods/plant and yield/plant in all the six crosses except in E 100 y (M) x E 100 y cross of yield/plant. It was concluded that a selection index based on pods/plant than those of yield/plant will be more efficient approach.
Descriptions of Three New North American Mosquitoes

Aedes campestris, new species. Proboscis straight, clothed with black scales and, on the basal half, with a sprinkling of yellowish gray ones; palpi short, black scaled with lighter scales intermixed; occiput pale ocher-yellow, a dark brownish stripe on each side of the median area, margins of the eyes lighter scaled, collar dark scaled; prothoracic lobes, pleura and coxoe roughly yellowish white scaled; mesonotum ochreous yellow, a broad rich brown stripe down the middle, basally two short brown stripes on each side of this; shoulders broadly marked with brown; scutellum pale ochreous scaled, the set2e pale shining yellow; abdomen dull yellowish white scaled, the second, third, fourth and fifth segments with large patches of black scales on each side of the midd'e, reaching the apex but not the base, these patches have a few whitish scales intermixed, on the succeeding segments these patches are indicated by a slight sprinkling of black scales, beneath the abdomen is entirely yellowish white scaled; legs with femora and tibioe pale ochreous yellow scaled with a sprinkling of black scales, whiclh becomes heaviest towards the apices of the tibie, first tarsal joint yellowish scaled sprinkled with black, the black becoming heavier towards the apex, the apex ringed with yel low-white, second third and fourth joints blackish above, ringed at both ends with yellowish white, the last joint entirely yellowish white, the tarsi show a brassy luster which tends to obscure the markings, on the fore tarsi the markings are more or less obsolete; wing-veins clothed with narrow dull yellowish white scales with a slight sprinkling of black ones. Claws all toothed. Length, 5 nmm. Palpi about as long as the probroscis, clothed with yellowish and dark scales intermixed, the pale scales predominating, the apical half with lateral long dense ferruginous and brown hairs with silky luster; antennae rather short, densely plumose, the hairs pale brown and ferruginous with silky luster; abdomen long, depressed on the apical half, clothed with dull yellowish white scales, the lateral hairs abundant, pale yellow with silky luster. Length, 5.5 mm.
Pyramiding and Validation of Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Alleles Determining Resistance to Barley Stripe Rust: Effects on Adult Plant Resistance

The use of molecular and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis tools initially lent support to the idea that relatively few genetic factors were the principal determinants of complex traits, including quantitative resistance (QR) to plant diseases. However, there are concerns regarding bias in QTL estimation and reproducibility of QTL effects in different genetic backgrounds. We are interested in mapping determinants of QR, and pyramiding resistance alleles at QTL loci may lead to durable resistance as well as provide independent validation of QTL effects and estimation of QTL interactions. We used molecular marker information to validate effects of resistance alleles at three QTL conferring QR to barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiform is West. f. sp. hordei). Two of the QTL [one on chromosome 4(4H) and one on chromosome 7(5H)] trace to one parent, while another QTL on chromosome 5(1H) traces to a different parent. The pyramids of these QR alleles provide independent estimates of QTL effects, influence of genetic background on QTL effects, QTL X QTL interaction, and QTL × environment interaction. Our results validate QTL effect estimates, showing that a small number of QTL explained 94% of the genetic variation in trait expression in a new genetic background. Original QTL estimates were quantitatively biased, but that did not preclude the achievement of selection responses. We also confirmed the additive effects of the QTL alleles, as well as the consistent effects of QTL alleles across environments.