Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pregnant women with high serum TSH levels without overt thyroid dysfunction have an increased risk of miscarriage

SUMMARY BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are critical for the development of the fetal brain during early postnatal life. One study has shown that thyrotropin (TSH) levels above 6 µIU/ml are associated with a significantly higher rate of stillbirth, and from the second trimester onward, the main adverse obstetrical outcome is an increased of fetal death. In addition, women with high free thyroxine (FT4) levels accompanied with normal or slightly elevated serum TSH levels have a higher rate of miscarriage. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between maternal serum TSH and FT4 levels and the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in pregnancy, and the rate of subsequent fetal loss. METHODS The study was performed using data from pregnant Dutch women without known thyroid disease who participated in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study in Amsterdam from March 2003 through January 2004. This is a collaborative effort of the Municipal Health Services and all hospitals and midwife practices in Amsterdam. The main aim of the ABCD study was to examine the differences in pregnancy outcomes by focusing on maternal ethnic background, lifestyle, and psychosocial conditions as they relate to pregnancy outcome and the baby’s health. Of 12,377 pregnant Dutch women queried, 8266 (67%) agreed to participate in the study by filling out a questionnaire that included questions about social demographic characteristics and ethnic background. Other ethnic groups were excluded from the analysis because of
Characterisation of the Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of a Geothermal Reservoir – Implications for Exploitation ( Southern Permian Basin , NE Germany )

The characterisation of the tectono-sedimentary environment as well as the knowledge of the recent maximum horizontal stress regime in reservoir scale is crucial for projecting directional and horizontal drilling of multiple borehole geothermal systems. This is necessary to initiate optimal conditions for hydraulic conductivity of faults and fractures inside the reservoir. The in-situ laboratory Groß Schönebeck is installed in a former gas exploration well and part of a interdisciplinary project to develop geothermal technologies necessary for electricity production. Various hydraulic stimulation techniques were performed in a period of four years (2000-2003) to enhance the productivity in siliciclastic and volcanic formations of the Rotliegend.
TOPMODEL PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATION AND GENERALIZED LIKELIHOOD UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION (GLUE) PACKAGE

Topography plays an important role in the process of runoff generation dynamics. The TOPMODEL developed by Beven and Kirkby (1979) is a variable source area conceptual model that produces runoff hydrographs using topographic features of the basin. Although the TOPMODEL parameters are physically based and can be determined directly; physical measurement of TOPMODEL parameters may not be possible in data sparse regions. In such cases of ungauged catchments split record test model calibration process that uses the results of Monte Carlo simulation is usually adopted for parameter estimation. The calibration process reflects uncertainty. It is observed that there could be many different parameter sets that simulate the observed stream flow in terms of quantitative goodness of fit measure (Beven and Binley 1992). One set of parameter value is observed to be optimum, but many other from different parts of parameter range are acceptable simulators of runoff. Choosing the optimal parameter set remains a point blank question perhaps in the mind of modelers. This research paper demonstrates a method for arriving at the optimum parameter set whilst it evaluates the applicability of TOPMODEL in Wardha watershed of Maharashtra, India.
The effect of a normal electric field on wave propagation on a fluid film

Long-wavelength, small-amplitude disturbances on the surface of a fluid layer subject to a normal electric field are considered. In our model, a dielectric medium lies above a layer of perfectly conducting fluid, and the electric field is produced by parallel plate electrodes. The Reynolds number of the fluid flow is taken to be large, with viscous effects restricted to a thin boundary layer on the lower plate. The effects of surface tension and electric field enter the governing equation through an inverse Bond number and an electrical Weber number, respectively. The thickness of the lower fluid layer is assumed to be much smaller than the disturbance wavelength, and a unified analysis is presented allowing for the full range of scalings for the thickness of the upper dielectric medium. A variety of different forms of modified Korteweg-de Vries equation are derived, involving Hilbert transforms, convolution terms, higher order spatial derivatives, and fractional derivatives. Critical values are identified for the inverse Bond number and electrical Weber number at which the qualitative nature of the disturbances changes.Long-wavelength, small-amplitude disturbances on the surface of a fluid layer subject to a normal electric field are considered. In our model, a dielectric medium lies above a layer of perfectly conducting fluid, and the electric field is produced by parallel plate electrodes. The Reynolds number of the fluid flow is taken to be large, with viscous effects restricted to a thin boundary layer on the lower plate. The effects of surface tension and electric field enter the governing equation through an inverse Bond number and an electrical Weber number, respectively. The thickness of the lower fluid layer is assumed to be much smaller than the disturbance wavelength, and a unified analysis is presented allowing for the full range of scalings for the thickness of the upper dielectric medium. A variety of different forms of modified Korteweg-de Vries equation are derived, involving Hilbert transforms, convolution terms, higher order spatial derivatives, and fractional derivatives. Critical values are identifie.
The Influence of Domestic Interfirm Networks on the Internationalization Process of Taiwanese SMEs

This study investigated how domestic interfirm networks contribute to a better understanding of the internationalization process of Taiwanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the automobile and textiles sectors. The rapid growth of business networks in Taiwan's newly internationalizing firms provides an appropriate context in which to study the emergence and evolution of such networks. Findings from the in-depth case studies indicate that domestic interfirm networks are a major factor in the decision to internationalize. Furthermore, the benefits of assured orders in an unknown international market coupled with the availability of market information from other network partners can be a potential source of competitive advantage for the internationalized SME.
Cosmic Redshift, Temperature, Growth Rate and Age in Stoney Scale Black Hole Cosmology

Throughout the cosmic evolution, currently believed cosmic “critical density” can be shown to be a default result of the “positively curved” light speed rotating black hole universe “mass density”. As there is no observational or experimental evidence to Friedmann’s second assumption, the density classification scheme of Friedmann cosmology must be reviewed at fundamental level and possibly can be relinquished. With cosmic light speed rotation galactic rotational curves can be understood. The observed cosmic redshift can be reinterpreted as an index of “cosmological” thermodynamic light emission mechanism. Clearly speaking during cosmic evolution, at any time in the past, in hydrogen atom—emitted photon energy was always inversely proportional to the cosmic temperature. Thus past light emitted from older galaxy’s excited hydrogen atom will show redshift with reference to the current laboratory data. Note that there will be no change in the energy of the emitted photon during its journey from the distant galaxy to the observer. Past high cosmic temperature may be the root cause of observed super novae dimming. By considering the “Stoney mass” as the initial mass of the baby cosmic black hole, past and current physical and thermal parameters (like angular velocity, growth rate, age, redshift, thermal energy density and matter density) of the cosmic black hole can be understood. For a past cosmic temperature of 3000 K, obtained redshift is 1100. From now onwards, CMBR temperature can be called as “Comic Black Hole’s Thermal Radiation” temperature and can be expressed as “CBHTR” temperature. Current cosmic black hole is growing at a rate of 14.66 km/sec in a decelerating mode. In view of the confirmed zero rate of change, the current CMBR temperature (from satellite data) and zero rate of change in the current Hubble’s constant (from satellite data), it can be suggested that, current cosmic expansion is almost all saturated and at present there is no significant cosmic acceleration. From microscopic physics point of view, can be considered as a true index of future cosmic rate of expansion.
A Review on Personalized Mobile Search Engine Using Location Concept and Content Concept

Now a days there is A major problem in mobile search is that the interactions between the users and search engines are limited by the small form factors of the mobile devices. As a result, mobile users tend to submit shorter, hence, more ambiguous queries compared to their web search counterparts. In order to return highly relevant results to the users, mobile search engines must be able to profile the users' interests and personalize the search results according to the user's profiles. A personalized mobile search engine (PMSE) that captures the users' preferences in the form of concepts by mining their click through data. Due to the importance of location information in mobile search, In this paper PMSE classifies these concepts into content concepts and location concepts. The user preferences are organized in an ontology-based, multifacet user profile, which are used to adapt a personalized ranking function for rank adaptation of future search results. To characterize the diversity of the concepts associated with a query and their relevances to the user's need, four entropies are introduced to balance the weights between the content and location facets.In this system, the client collects and stores locally the clickthrough data to protect privacy, whereas heavy tasks such as concept extraction, training, and reranking are performed at the PMSE server. The privacy issues are address by restricting the information in the user profile exposed to the PMSE server with two privacy parameters
Sustainability, Human Welfare, and Ecosystem Health

Two types of sustainability definitions are contrasted. ‘Social scientific’ definitions, such as that of the Brundtland Commission, treat sustainability as a relationship between present and future welfare of persons. These definitions differ from ‘ecological’ ones which explicitly require protection of ecological processes as a condition on sustainability. ‘Scientific contextualism’ does not follow mainstream economists in their efforts to express all effects as interchangeable units of individual welfare; it rather strives to express sensitivity to different types and scales of impacts that present activities can exert on the future. We can therefore express the moral obligation to act sustainably as an obligation to protect the natural processes that form the context of human life and culture, emphasizing those large biotic and abiotic systems essential to human life, health, and flourishing culture. Ecosystems, which are understood as dynamic, self-organizing systems humans have evolved within, must remain ‘healthy’ if humans are to thrive. The ecological approach to sustainability therefore sets the protection of dynamic, creative systems in nature as its primary goal.
Global seismic attenuation imaging using full-waveform inversion: a comparative assessment of different choices of misfit functionals

Author(s): Karaoglu, H; Romanowicz, B | Abstract: © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. We present the results of synthetic tests that aim at evaluating the relative performance of three different definitions of misfit functionals in the context of 3-D imaging of shear wave attenuation in the earth's upper mantle at the global scale, using long-period full-waveform data. The synthetic tests are conducted with simple hypothetical upper-mantle models that contain Qμ anomalies centred at different depths and locations, with or without additional seismic velocity anomalies. To build synthetic waveform data sets, we performed simulations of 50 events in the hypothetical (target) models, using the spectral element method, filtered in the period range 60-400 s. The selected events are chosen among 273 events used in the development of radially anisotropic model SEMUCB-WM1 and recorded at 495 stations worldwide. The synthetic Z-component waveforms correspond to paths and time intervals (fundamental mode and overtone Rayleigh waves) that exist in the real waveform data set. The inversions for shear attenuation structure are carried out using a Gauss-Newton optimization scheme in which the gradient and Hessian are computed using normal mode perturbation theory. The three different misfit functionals considered are based on time domain waveform (WF) and waveform envelope (E-WF) differences, as well as spectral amplitude ratios (SA), between observed and predicted waveforms.We evaluate the performance of the three misfit functional definitions in the presence of seismic noise and unresolved S-wave velocity heterogeneity and discuss the relative importance of physical dispersion effects due to 3-D Qμ structure. We observed that the performance of WF is poorer than the other two misfit functionals in recovering attenuation structure, unless anelastic dispersion effects are taken into account in the calculation of partial derivatives. WF also turns out to be more sensitive to seismic noise than E-WF and SA. Overall, SA performs best for attenuation imaging. Our tests show that it is important to account for 3-D elastic effects (focusing) before inverting for Qμ. Additionally, we show that including high signal-to-noise ratio overtone wave packets is necessary to resolve Qμ structure at depths greater than 250 km.
EVOLUTION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN HEATED COFFEE BREW

Coffee brew (CB) was prepared using a standard filter coffeemaker (24 g of ground roasted coffee, 400 mL of water). The glass flask containing CB was maintained in the coffeemaker hot-plate at 75 O C. The antioxidant activity was monitored and assayed during 8 h by means of DPPH, FRAP, total phenols content, browning index and voltammetry. Antioxidant activity showed a fast increase during the first 1.0-1.5 h. Heating times longer than about 2 h produced nearly constant values for FRAP, total phenols and caffeine contents, but DPPH and oxidative capacity by voltammetry decreased probably due to the oxidation of antioxidant compounds by environmental stress. It was postulated that Maillard reactions products were formed in the heated CB, probably due to the degradation of CGAs that complexed with proteins/polysaccharides, giving way to potent antioxidants compounds such as melanoidins. The results of this work showed that the antioxidant activity increased with CB heating time.
Group Activity Selection on Social Networks

We propose a new variant of the group activity selection problem (GASP), where the agents are placed on a social network and activities can only be assigned to connected subgroups (gGASP). We show that if multiple groups can simultaneously engage in the same activity, finding a stable outcome is easy as long as the network is acyclic. In contrast, if each activity can be assigned to a single group only, finding stable outcomes becomes computationally intractable, even if the underlying network is very simple: the problem of determining whether a given instance of a gGASP admits a Nash stable outcome turns out to be NP-hard when the social network is a path or a star, or if the size of each connected component is bounded by a constant. We then study the parameterized complexity of finding outcomes of gGASP that are Nash stable, individually stable or core stable. For the parameter `number of activities', we propose an FPT algorithm for Nash stability for the case where the social network is acyclic and obtain a W[1]-hardness result for cliques (i.e., for standard GASP); similar results hold for individual stability. In contrast, finding a core stable outcome is hard even if the number of activities is bounded by a small constant, both for standard GASP and when the social network is a star. For the parameter `number of players', all problems we consider are in XP for arbitrary social networks; on the other hand, we prove W[1]-hardness results with respect to the parameter `number of players' for the case where the social network is a clique.
Andrea Morone SIMPLE MODEL OF HERD BEHAVIOUR, A COMMENT D8 Banerjee sequential game herding probabilities irreversible queue EERI

In his ‘Simple model of herd behaviour’, Banerjee (1992) shows that – in a sequential game – if the first two players have chosen the same action, all subsequent players will ignore their own information and start a herd, an irreversible one. The points of strength of Banerjee’s model are its simplicity and the robustness of its results. Its weakness is that it is based on three tie-breaking assumptions, which according to Banerjee minimise herding probabilities. In this paper we analyse the role played by the tie-breaking assumptions in reaching the equilibrium. Even if the overall probability of herding does not change dramatically, the results obtained, which differ from Banerjee's are the following: players' strategies are parameter dependent; an incorrect herd could be reversed; a correct herd is irreversible. There are, in addition, some several cases where available information allows players to find out which action is correct, and so an irreversible correct herd starts.
Entrepreneurial Innovative Strategies for Diaspora Entrepreneurship Growth Among Kenyan Immigrants

Globally entrepreneurial strategies are becoming more important for both new as well as established enterprises. Entrepreneurs are realizing that in response to an increasingly complex world, having an “entrepreneurial spirit” isn’t enough: a strong commitment to use of unique strategies is a critical factor for success for entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is one possibility for migrants to contribute to development, both in their countries of origin and in their countries of destination as they generate jobs and stimulate the local economy. Entrepreneurship is higher among qualified migrants, while low-skilled migrant entrepreneurs are more likely to concentrate on local ethnic business. Migrants make use of capital and know-how acquired by return migrants during the migration process and often pioneer new business areas, transnational firms, in expansion business enterprises located in the country of origin that enter markets abroad, expatriate communities being the main target group for their products and business associates and identified business partners. This study sought to find the link between entrepreneurship strategies and entrepreneurial growth by studying the entrepreneurial strategies for enhancing entrepreneurship using a case of Kenyan Diaspora. The objective was to evaluate influence of entrepreneurial strategies on the growth of Diaspora entrepreneurship among Kenyans living abroad. The study adopted an explanatory research design on 125 Kenyan Diaspora entrepreneurs from whom primary data were collected using a questionnaire which was then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that entrepreneurship strategies such as innovation, networking, proactiveness, and strategic partnerships have an 87.6% impetus to improve entrepreneurial growth among the Kenyan Diaspora entrepreneurs and concluded that Diaspora entrepreneurial strategies have the ability to enhance entrepreneurial growth among migrants. It recommends Kenyan embassies to provide entrepreneurial training to enhance entrepreneurship knowledge among the Diaspora communities globally and hence promote Diaspora entrepreneurship.
Nutritional assessment of olive fruit (Oleaeuropaea) available at local market.

Since last few years, olive fruits consumption has been increased to many folds in the country. Shelves of superstores have been occupied by olive fruit products from different commercial presentations. Eight olive fruit samples of different cultivars were analyzed for physicochemical characterizations to assess their nutritional values. Water content was found higher in Jordanian Cipressino, French Atton Manzanilla, and Spanish Reding samples and lower in Egyptian sample. Several factors such as variety, maturation level, growing environment, mode of irrigation, and processing method may be responsible for this variation. Calorific values ranged from 3.87-7.32 Cal/g contributing significantly in daily energy intake. Olives were found to be a good source of K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Fe. Traces of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were also found. Significant differences were observed for K (p=0.016), Na (p=0.032) Cu (p=0.049), and Mn (p=0.047) in green, ripe and brine olives. French Atton Manzanilla and Labanon Nevadillo were identified as good varieties in terms of Na/K, and Ca/Mg ratios. Chemometric technique was used to discriminate the samples between green, ripe, and brine on the basis of K, Na, Ca, and Mn.
Five hundred million years of extinction and recovery: a phanerozoic survey of large‐scale diversity patterns in fishes

Abstract: Fishes include more than half of all living animals with backbones, but large‐scale palaeobiological patterns in this assemblage have not received the same attention as those for terrestrial vertebrates. Previous surveys of the fish record have generally been anecdotal, or limited either in their stratigraphic or in their taxonomic scope. Here, we provide a broad overview of the Phanerozoic history of fish diversity, placing a special emphasis on intervals of turnover, evolutionary radiation, and extinction. In particular, we provide in‐depth reviews of changes during, and ecological and evolutionary recovery after, the end‐Devonian (Hangenberg) and Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) extinctions.
New Perspectives on Audience Activity: â•ŸProsumptionâ•Ž and Media Activism as Audience Practices

Until relatively recently, the subject of social relationships, constituted in and through audience practices, has been a minor part of audience research studies. This chapter explores how social relationships and forms of audience agency change and / or evolve, through the usage of both traditional and ‘new’ media. In a media environment where traditional and new media worlds collide, the potential of audience practices to rework, not only media-audience relationships, but also wider social relationships, is now an important research theme. Two key examples of mediated relationships between social actors in conditions brought about through transformations in media culture are considered. We look at the evolution of audience ‘prosumption’ or ‘produsage’ (Bruns 2007), as well as at audience ‘activism’ (de Jong, Shaw and Stammers 2005). These examples are identified as illustrating new dynamics of social interaction, which may have the potential to contribute to larger, integrative social networks that transcend the existing boundaries of the traditional concept of audience. Against the background of traditional approaches to social relationships in the context of audience studies, we examine in both case studies the respective roles of the technologies, the social actors and the emergent social relationships concerned.