Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization for Full-Duplex Rotary-Wing UAV-Enabled Wireless-Powered IoT Networks

This paper investigates the rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled full-duplex wireless-powered Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks, in which a rotary-wing UAV equipped with a full-duplex hybrid access point (HAP) serves multiple sparsely-distributed energy-constrained IoT sensors. The UAV broadcasts energy when flying and hovering, and collects information only when hovering. It is assumed that the transmission range of the UAV is limited and the sensors are sparsely distributed in the IoT network. Under these practical assumptions, we formulate three optimization problems: a sum-throughput maximization (STM) problem, a total-time minimization (TTM) problem, and a total-energy minimization (TEM) problem. For the TEM problem, we further take into consideration that the power needed for hovering, flying, and transmitting are different. For the STM, TTM and TEM problems, optimal solutions are obtained. Finally, numerical results show that the performance achieved by the proposed optimal time allocation schemes outperform existing time allocation schemes. It is also observed that i) the time allocation between hovering and flying time has different trends for different goals; ii) there is an optimal UAV transmit power range that minimizes the energy consumed by the UAV during the entire cycle.
Avaliação de Aloe arborescens como coagulante para remoção de cor e turbidez em tratamento convencional de água

The use of natural coagulants in water treatment is an alternative to synthetic that can cause toxicity. This research evaluated the viability of utilizing Aloe arborescens as a coagulant for the removal of color and turbidity in conventional water treatment. The assays were performed in a jar test with water from the Sao Tomas River, State of Goias, Brazil, which covers a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0, with coagulant concentrations of 0.025 to 10.0 mL L-1. The authors elaborated coagulation diagrams with the efficiencies obtained from each of the 72 pH values versus the coagulant doses and obtained a 36% reduction in turbidity and 52% reduction in apparent color with the decanted water and a 68% reduction in turbidity and 70% reduction in apparent color with the filtered water. The efficiencies for the parameters analyzed were not sufficient to meet the requirements of the Brazilian Potability Standard.
Physiological and Hematological Changes in Chum Salmon Artificially Infected with Erythrocytic Necrosis Virus

Abstract Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta were injected with erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) to study the physiological and hematological consequences of ENV infection. Infected and control fish were held in pathogen-free seawater and sampled for 5 weeks. Physiological tests included measures of plasma cortisol, glucose, protein, and osmolality; blood lactic acid; and liver glycogen. In general, ENV-infected fish had lower plasma glucose and blood lactic acid, and higher liver glycogen concentrations than did control fish. Hematological tests included red and white blood cell (RBC and WBC) counts, hematocrit, measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration, and a determination of erythrocyte fragility. Infected fish had lower RBC counts, hematocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations; higher WBC counts; and less fragile erythrocytes than did control fish. The hematology data indicated that erythrocytes of infected fish had higher mean corpuscular volume, depressed mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and s.
Determining perceptions, attitudes and behaviour towards social network site advertising in a three-country context

ABSTRACT Regardless of the growth in social media and social network advertising (SNA), little theoretical and empirical knowledge exists on the differences between countries, and the perceptions and attitudes towards social network advertising. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between users’ perceptions (personal and societal), their attitudes and their behaviour towards Facebook advertising, across three countries, as well as the moderating role of privacy and general advertising attitudes. Online surveys were administered and a convenience sampling resulted in 1,166 respondents. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed model. The research indicates that the social support theory shows promise for examining the perceptions and attitudes towards SNA. Furthermore, the validity of the conceptual model is confirmed in all three countries; however, the strength of these relationships differs. Additionally, it is evident that consumers’ culture influences the role of privacy and trust in SNA perceptions.
UV reflecting vole scent marks attract a passerine, the great grey shrike Lanius excubitor

Diurnal raptors have been shown to use ultraviolet vision and UV-reflecting vole scent marks to find suitable hunting areas. We studied if a passerine species, the great grey shrike Lanius excubitor that uses voles as its primary food, may also detect prey-patches in the same way. We conducted a laboratory experiment with ten shrikes. Each individual shrike had four options to choose from: (1) scent marks with UV light, (2) scent marks without UV light, (3) clean arena with UV light, and (4) clean arena without UV light. The birds preferred the scent-marked arena with UV light as measured by the number of scans and the time spent above it. Therefore, we suggest that great grey shrike probably uses UV cues to gain information on vole locations and abundance.
Light stability of the isolated CP43 studied by infrared and terahertz spectroscopy

Here, the light-induced changes of the core antenna complex chlorophyll protein 43 (CP43) isolated from PSII of spinach were assessed using infrared and terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. We found that the collective vibrational modes at low frequencies and the secondary structures of CP43 were altered upon illumination. The helix changed more than any other secondary structure. CP43 is more easily damaged by illumination than PSII. Infrared and THz spectroscopy have different functions in protein studies. THz spectroscopy has potential in evaluating the stability of proteins.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces α-Smooth Muscle-Actin Expression in Cultured Human and Monkey Trabecular Meshwork

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces α-smooth muscle (sm)-actin expression and a contractile myofibroblast-like phenotype in a considerable number of different cell types. Since α-sm-actin is expressed in some of the resident human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in situ, and TGF-β1 is synthesized by TM in vitro, α-sm-actin expression in TM might also be under the influence of TGF-β1. To assess this question, TM cultures were initiated from the eyes of three human donors and three cynomolgus monkeys. Various doses of TGF-β1 (0.5–5ngml-1) were added to confluent cultures from third to fourth passages. Experiments were performed in the presence of fetal calf serum or under chemically defined serum-free conditions. Four days after treatment, cells were stained immunocytochemically for α-sm-actin, and the number of positively labelled cells was quantitatively evaluated. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using oligonucleotide primers specific for α-sm-actin. In control cultures supplemented with serum, 19.0±9.4% of human meshwork cells, and 10.2±4.5% of monkey meshwork cells expressed immunoreactivity for α-sm-actin. In human cultures, this number was significantly higher in serum-free conditions (34.1±7.7%). Treatment with TGF-β1 induced α-sm-actin expression in a dose-dependent manner. At 5ngml-1TGF-β1, 75.5±7.1% of human meshwork cells expressed distinct stress fibers that stained positively for α-sm-actin (P<0.01). A similar albeit smaller increase in α-sm-actin positive cells was observed in monkey cultures following treatment with TGF-β1. These effects were seen with and without serum, but not when TGF-β1 was supplemented in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. In PCR experiments, a distinct product was amplified with cDNA derived from cells treated with 0.1ng and 1ngml-1TGF-β1, but not in control cultures. We conclude that TGF-β1 may play a role in differentiating TM cells towards a myofibroblast-like cell type by modulating the expression of α-sm-actin.
Resistance and Resilience to Coral Bleaching: Implications for Coral Reef Conservation and Management

Abstract: The massive scale of the 1997–1998 El Niño–associated coral bleaching event underscores the need for strategies to mitigate biodiversity losses resulting from temperature‐induced coral mortality. As baseline sea surface temperatures continue to rise, climate change may represent the single greatest threat to coral reefs worldwide. In response, one strategy might be to identify ( 1 ) specific reef areas where natural environmental conditions are likely to result in low or negligible temperature‐related bleaching and mortality ( i.e., areas of natural “resistance” to bleaching ) and ( 2 ) reef areas where environmental conditions are likely to result in maximum recovery of reef communities after bleaching mortality has occurred ( i.e., areas of natural community “resilience” ). These “target areas,” where environmental conditions appear to boost resistance and resilience during and after large‐scale bleaching events, could then be incorporated into strategic networks of marine protected areas designed to maximize conservation of global coral reef biodiversity. Based on evidence from the literature and systematically compiled observations from researchers in the field, this paper identifies likely environmental correlates of resistance and resilience to coral bleaching, including factors that reduce temperature stress, enhance water movement, decrease light stress, correlate with physiological tolerance, and provide physical or biological enhancement of recovery potential. As a tool for identifying reef areas that are likely to be most robust in the face of continuing climate change and for determining priority areas for reducing direct anthropogenic impacts, this information has important implications for coral reef conservation and management.
Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa

Cape foxes (Vulpes chama) and bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) are sympatric with black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio-collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat-eared foxes, and 15 black-backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home-range sizes were 27.7 km2 for cape foxes, 5.0 km2 for bat-eared foxes, and 17.8 km2 for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (<45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat-eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home-range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (R0 = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat-eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat-eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat-eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Nanobodies: a new approach for the diagnosis and treatment of viral infectious diseases

With the rise of viral infections and antibiotic resistance, there is a constant need for the development of more sensitive and effective treatment and diagnostic tools. Since their discovery in the early 1990s, Camelidae antibodies have been investigated as potential tools due to their unique structure and favorable characteristics. Members of this family produce conventional IgG antibodies as well as heavy-chain only IgG antibodies that do not possess light chains. The variable domain (VHH), or nanobody, demonstrates unique antigen-binding capabilities, enhanced stability, and its small size allows for delivery into the body using a nebulizer, thereby eliminating the unfavorable use of injections. In addition, the cost-effective and easy in vitro production of these antibodies are an attractive quality in terms of mass production. This review covers the past and current nanobody treatment and diagnostic developments aimed at viral infectious diseases, including a brief overview of protozoal, bacterial, and veterinary viral approaches.
Importance of Calcium and Phosphate in Cheese Manufacture: A Review

Abstract The milk salts, Ca and PO 4 , have an important role in the rennet coagulation of milk and in the structure and buffering of cheese. Addition of Ca reduces the rennet coagulation time of milk that is due to the neutralization of negatively charged residues on casein, which increases the aggregation of renneted micelles. Addition of low concentrations of Ca also increases gel firmness. The rate of acid production and the pH of the whey at draining are the critical factors that determine the mineral content of cheese. Both pH and the proportion of undissolved milk salts have important effects on cheese texture. An important role is suggested for colloidal Ca phosphate in buffering during the acidification of milk and cheese.
Inhibitory effect of Ssanghwa-tang on bone loss in ovariectomized rats

Abstract Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine widely prescribed to decrease fatigue following an illness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SHT on osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats in vivo. SHT significantly reduced the receptor activator for the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and multinucleated osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 cells without affecting cell viability. In addition, SHT significantly attenuated RANKL-induced mRNA expression levels of c-Src and cathepsin K. To examine the in vivo effect of SHT on OVX-induced bone loss in OVX rats, we administered SHT (0.6 g/kg BID) orally to OVX rats for 12 weeks. SHT administration significantly blocked OVX-induced decrease of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and femoral trabeculae in OVX rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that SHT treatment effectively prevents OVX-induced bone loss, and this effect may result from its inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation.
The role of noisy channels in quantum teleportation

In quantum information theory, the effects of quantum noise on teleportation are undeniable. Hence, we investigate the effect of noisy channels including amplitude damping, phase damping, depolarizing and phase flip on the teleported state between Alice and Bob where they share an entangled state by using atom-field interaction state. We analyze the fidelity and quantum correlations as a function of decoherence rates and time scale of a state to be teleported. We observe that the average fidelity and quantum correlations accurately depend on types of noise acting on quantum channels. It is found that atom-field interaction states are affected by amplitude damping channel are more useful for teleportation than when the shared qubits are affected by noisy channels such as AD channel and phase flip. We also observe that if the quantum channels are subject to phase flip noise, the average fidelity reproduces initial quantum correlations to possible values. On the other hand, not only all the noisy quantum channels do not always destroy average fidelity but also they can yield the highest fidelity in noisy conditions. In the current demonstration, our results provide that the average fidelity can have larger than 2/3 in front of the noise of named other channels with increasing decoherence strength. Success in quantum states transfer in the present noise establishes the importance of studying noisy channels.
Environment Knowledge, Law-Abiding Consciousness and Risk Perception Influencing Environmental Behavior

This research investigates the impact of environmental knowledge, law-abiding consciousness, and risk perception on environmental behavior through structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results found that: 1. The higher the awareness of environmental knowledge, the higher the friendliness of environmental protection behavior. 2. The higher the awareness of risk perception, the higher the friendliness of environmental protection behavior. 3. The stronger the law-abiding consciousness, the higher the friendliness of environmental protection behavior. 4. Individual cognitive ability has a positive and significant impact on environmental knowledge, risk perception and law-abiding consciousness.
Trace forms of certain subfields of cyclotomic fields and applications

In this work, we present a explicit trace forms for maximal real subfields of cyclotomic fields as tools for constructing algebraic lattices in Euclidean space with optimal center density. We also obtain a closed formula for the Gram matrix of algebraic lattices obtained from these subfields. The obtained lattices are rotated versions of the lattices Λ9,Λ10\Lambda_9, \Lambda_{10}Λ​9​​,Λ​10​​ and Λ11\Lambda_{11}Λ​11​​ and they are images of Z\mathbb{Z}Z-submodules of rings of integers under the twisted homomorphism, and these constructions, as algebraic lattices, are new in the literature. We also obtain algebraic lattices in odd dimensions up to 777 over real subfields, calculate their minimum product distance and compare with those known in literatura, since lattices constructed over real subfields have full diversity.
A NEW CHONDRODYSTROPHIC MUTANT IN MICE

The occurrence of a new mutation affecting cartilage and bone in mice is reported. The gene is lethal, shows autosomal recessive inheritance, and has high penetrance. It is not allelic to shorthead and probably not to phocomelia or achondroplasia. It results in a foreshortened face, cleft palate, defective trachea, and shortened long bones with flared metaphyses. Chondrocytes of epiphyseal cartilage from the mutant are not aligned in columns, and there is a decrease in the usual staining of the cartilage matrix. Electron microscope observations show large, wide collagen fibrils with "native" banding in the matrix of mutant cartilage, which are not present in normal cartilage. Possible explanations for the expression of this genetic disorder of cartilage development are put forward.
Liquidity Risk and Profitability of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Illiquidity of firms especially banks can lead to loss of businesses thereby reducing the potentials of earnings and profitability; this is because high liquidity position of a firm helps it to meet with some obligations which lead to funding of loans and advances that could aid banks to earn income in the form of interests on loans. The study examined the effect of liquidity risk on financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria covering a period of ten years (2009-2018). This study adopted an ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 15 deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and employed panel regression analysis with emphasis on pooled, fixed and random effect models. Secondary data were sourced from the annual reports of the 14 selected quoted banks in Nigeria. The Hausman test was used to justify the appropriate model and inferences were made at 5 percent significant level. The findings revealed that Liquidity risk had significant effects on profitability. In particular, it was established that Liquidity risk indicators had positive and significant effects on individual profitability variables; viz: Return on equity of deposit money banks in Nigeria ( β = 49.76, p = 0.000), Return on Assets ( β = 12.87, p = 0.005) and Earnings per share ( β = 20.92, p = 0.000). The study concluded that Liquidity risk has significant effect on return on equity, return on assets and earning per share of deposit Money Banks listed in Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommended that management of banks should establish strategies to better manage their cash-flows in each product segment and maintain an optimal levels in order to earn higher returns from high volume of idle cash balances. Key words: Earnings per share, Liquidity risk management, Return on assets, Return on equity, Nigeria. Word Count: 284 words. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-8-13 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
An Ultra-Low-Noise Swing-Boosted Differential Relaxation Oscillator in 0.18-μm CMOS

This article presents an ultra-low-noise differential relaxation oscillator that achieves a phase noise figure of merits (FoMs) of 157.7 and 162.1 dBc/Hz, respectively, at 1- and 100-kHz frequency offsets. The oscillator is inherently robust against <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> noise, while swing-boosting minimizes the phase noise arising out of thermal noise. Furthermore, an inverter-based differential comparator maximizes power efficiency, enabling FoMs close to the fundamental limits. Operating at 10.5 MHz and consuming 219.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.4-V supply, the oscillator achieves a period jitter of 9.86 ps<sub>rms</sub>, equivalent to a relative jitter of 0.01%. The oscillator occupies an active area of 0.015 mm<sup>2</sup> in a 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> standard CMOS process.
A Corn Nitrogen Status Indicator Less Affected by Soil Water Content

The SPAD-502 chlorophyll (Chl) meter and the Dualex device can estimate crop N status based on the measurement of leaf Chl concentration and polyphenolics (Phen) concentration, respectively. However, soil water status may confound such assessment of N status. This study compared the sensitivity of SPAD, Dualex, and SPAD/Dualex ratio as indicators for assessing corn (Zea mays L.) N status and the influence of soil water content (SWC) on the indicators in their absolute and nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) expression. A greenhouse trial was conducted with five N fertilizer application rates (0, 50, 50+75, 50+150, and 200 kg N ha -1 ) and three SWC levels (high, medium, and low). A field trial also was performed with six N rates (0, 20+40, 20+80, 20+120, 20+160, and 250 kg N ha -1 ) and spatially variable SWC as a covariate. The responses of SPAD, Dualex, SPAD/Dualex ratio (and their corresponding NSI) to N rates and SWC levels were compared. The results showed that SPAD, Dualex, and SPAD/Dualex ratio were all influenced significantly by N rates and by SWC levels. When expressed as NSI, however, the parameters' relationships with N were essentially decoupled from SWC. The NSI SPAD was more affected significantly by interactions among N, SWC, and DAS (days after sowing) than were 1/NSI Dualex and NSI SPAD/Dualex . The latter showed a greater sensitivity to N fertility levels than the other indicators, resulting in a better discrimination ofN treatments and under variable SWC conditions in the two trials.