Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of duck as reservoir of Avian Influenza Virus in Bangladesh

This research work was conducted to detect the prevalence and incidence of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Duck at hoar area of Kishorganj district in Bangladesh. The study period was July 2013 to December 2013 and the molecular work was done in Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), Dhaka. A total number of 736 blood serum sample and 150 cloacal swab sample were collected from asymptomatic semi scavenging duck above 4 month of age. Blood serum sample was tested to detect the prevalence of Avian Influenza Virus A (AIV) specific antibody through indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Essay (ELISA) and cloacal sample was tested to detect the incidence of AIV through real time Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR). A total number of 736 blood serum sample were tested in which 684 is positive (+ve) of Avian Influenza type A antibody and 52 are negative (-ve) of Avian Influenza type A. The prevalence rate was 92.93%. The tested result shown that prevalence rate was in 4-6 month of age as 93.96%, as 7-9 month of age as 92.92 % and in 10-12 month of age as 91.91%. A total number of 15 pooling sample from 75 cloacal samples was conducted for detection of AIV that shed in environment. After calculating the result through real time Reverse Transcription (RT) - PCR, it was shown that 2 pooling sample was positive (13.33%) for AIV and 13 pooling sample was negative (86.87%) for AIV. So incidence rate was 13.33% for AIV. This duck can transmit the AIV in the surrounding poultry population and clinical outbreaks may occur. After analysis of ELISA & PCR result it was shown that duck act as a natural reservoir of AIV in Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 14-20
The Supply of Storage for Natural Gas in California

Do natural gas storage decisions in distant California respond to NYMEX futures price spreads? Daily data about flows into and out of storage facilities in California over 2002-2006 and daily spreads on NYMEX are used to investigate whether the net injection profile is consistent with the “supply-of-storage” curve first observed by Working for wheat. Storage decisions in California do seem to be influenced by a price signal that combines the intertemporal spread and the locational basis between California and the Henry Hub, in addition to strong seasonal and weekly cycles that determine net injections to a considerable extent. The timing and magnitude of the price response differ across storage facilities. Regulatory requirements and operational constraints also limit the response to short-lived arbitrage opportunities.
Choice of Visual Programming Language for Learning Programming

Programmers beginners learning programming equate with learning the syntax of a programming language, but fail to master skills such as algorithmic thinking and problem solving. Problems in learning programming occur in novice programmers at all ages. Today there are many visual programming languages, which can help developers to beginners in a simple and interesting way to learn about the basic concepts of programming, and some of them even do not require learning a programming language syntax. The aim of this work is the choice of visual programming language, which makes it easier for beginners learning programming. Multi-criteria analysis has shown that the most suitable for learning Scratch programming.
Pretty Fly for a VAT GUI: Visualizing Event Patterns for Flight Data

Complex Event Processing (CEP) is the state-of-the-art technology for continuously monitoring and analyzing streams of events. One of the key features of CEP is to support pattern matching queries to detect user-defined sequences of predicates on event streams. However, due to the vast amount of parameters, tweaking the queries to deliver the desired results is challenging. For this demonstration, we connected a database-backed CEP system (Jepc, ChronicleDB) with a scientific toolbox for interactive data exploration and geo visualization (Vat System), and thus allow users to interactively explore event data via CEP queries. Furthermore, the pairing of these systems allows to combine the results of event queries with additional non-relational data-sets such as raster data, leading to insights beyond pure event-based analytics. In this demonstration, we showcase the first promising results of this combination by evaluating three use cases involving high-volume event data collected from aircrafts in-flight.
Local-Scale Governance: A Review of the Zambian Approach to Fisheries Management

Despite Zambia's recent policies for optimizing sustainable management of fisheries, their success has been modest in practice. Artisanal and industrial fleets have led to decline in fish catches in the presence of currently prescribed management possibilities. Among other factors, excessive fishing and unsustainable fishing methods attributed to common property and free access to the resources are key. The country adopted co-management approach to fisheries management in the 1990s with a view to improve the fisheries stocks through community enforcement of fishery management regulations. Neither the success of co-management has been easy to measure nor its results appreciated. In view of overfishing, it is required to continue providing a range of empirical evidence of area-specific co-management interventions as basis for designing realistic and innovative solutions for the nation. This implies that new policies and institutions need to be developed by research to understand fisheries systems and better promote sustainable trajectories. The following review recommendation to central government is a coherent approach that uses and crystallizes the multiple interests and skills of co-management stakeholders. Most stakeholder groups have been involved in an ad hoc fashion through workshops, public meetings and consultative processes mainly organized by Department of Fisheries. Stakeholders should be involved from the design of the process to each step in the process, including the ongoing monitoring and evaluation. A form of memorandum of understanding is suggested. This will formally set out a process that acknowledges each stakeholder's interests and provide forums to facilitate discussion, consultation and monitoring of management activities.
Effects of nutrient limitation on food uptake in the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum.

The haptophyte Prymnesium parvum Carter is toxic and frequently responsible for harmful algal blooms in coastal waters. It is a mixotrophic species having the capability to feed on various planktonic microorganisms. It is frequently suggested that mixotrophic algae may obtain inorganic nutrients through phagotrophy and that nutrient depletion should then lead to increased food uptake. To study this, we investigated the feeding activity of P. parvum in semi-continuous, nutrient-limited cultures, using the cryptophyte Rhodomonas baltica as prey. P. parvum showed to be an active predator under all conditions investigated. After 2 h of incubation with prey, 40% of P. parvum cells were either feeding or contained recently formed food vacuoles. However, under the conditions used, no difference in feeding activity was found between treatments. On the contrary, the feeding activity was similar in P. parvum cultures that had been grown under N-limiting, P-limiting, N- and P-limiting, as well as under nutrient-replete conditions. It cannot be excluded that P. parvum under limiting nutrient conditions may acquire nutrients to be used in photosynthetic growth through phagotrophy. It is evident, however, that the species also feeds when inorganic nutrients are present in concentrations sufficient to support maximum phototrophic growth.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF EMBEDDED DELAMINATION GROWTH CAUSED BY COMPRESSIVE LOADING

The paper deals with growth analysis of initially circular delaminations embedded in carbon-epoxy laminate plates subjected to compressive loading. Three different reinforcement lay-ups yielding different elastic laminate properties were considered. The numerical results were supplemented with experimental ones. The reasonably good agreement between the numerical predictions and experimental results was found. It was shown that variation in elastic properties of sub-laminates separated by delaminations significantly affected the way the delaminations propagated.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PULSED MICROWAVE AND HYDRODISTILLATION EXTRACTION OF PIPERINE OIL FROM BLACK PEPPER

Black pepper is a tropical crop with an extensive medicinal potential in alternative medicine and nutraceutical applications. The pungent bioactive piperine is responsible for this functions and its efficacy requires an efficient extraction technologies for optimal isolation. There is therefore a need to determine the best factor settings that will optimize the relative efficiency of the extraction system with minimal variability. The best factor settings was achieved using the L9 Taguchi parametric orthogonal design. The extraction parameters considered under this study were extraction time, irradiation power level, particle size and molar ratio. An optimal extraction condition was therefore achieved at 90 min extraction time, 350 W microwave power, 0.105 mm particle size and 10 mL/g molar ratio. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) otherwise known as response optimizer is an ideal metric in the determination of this optimum condition. The performance evaluation of reflux microwave extractor in relation to that of the hydrodistillation system placed the optimal efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio at 155.72% and 43.8469, respectively. The higher optimal efficiency obtained indicated that the microwave reflux extraction is better and more efficient than the conventional hydrodistillation techniques.
Defect production in collision cascades in elemental semiconductors and fcc metals

A comparative molecular dynamics simulation study of collision cascades in two elemental semiconductors and five fcc metals is performed to elucidate how different material characteristics affect primary defect production during ion irradiation. By using simulations of full 400 eV-10 keV collision cascades and contrasting the results on different materials with each other, we probe the effect of the mass, melting temperature, material strength, and crystal structure on the modification of the material due to the cascade. The results show that the crystal structure has a strong effect on many aspects of damage production, while other material characteristics are of lesser overall importance. In all materials studied, isolated point defects produced by the cascade are predominantly interstitials. In semiconductors, amorphous clusters are produced in the cascade core, whereas in metals most of the crystal regenerates, leaving only small vacancy-rich clusters. Large interstitial clusters found in a few events in the heavy metals were observed to form by the isolation of a high-density liquid zone during the recrystallization phase of a cascade. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Final Goods Substitutability and Economic Growth

In this paper, I investigate the effect of substitutability among final goods on welfare growth under the environment that productivity growth in each industry is not independent of one another. In such an environment, less substitutability is favorable to the welfare growth rate and the steady state welfare level, contrasting to Baumol (1967) and Lucas (1988).
Age-Related Physical Function(ADL, IADL) and its Related Factors of Elderly People in Korea

This study was performed to determine the levels of physical function (ADL, IADL) and to reveal its association with the related factors in the elderly people. The study subjects were 1,756 (male 872, female 884) people aged over 70 who received medical check-ups and long-term care services between 2009 and 2012 from the National Health Insurance Corporation. As a result, the distribution of impaired ADL and IADL increased significantly with age. Logistic regression showed that the risk ratio of impaired ADL was increased significantly in the following groups: female, urban, low weight, stroke history group, smoking, alcohol drinking, and not regular exercise group. The risk ratio of an impaired IADL were increased significantly in the group of females, low weight, smoking, alcohol drinking. On the other hand the risk ratio of an impaired ADL and IADL was similar in each age group. As above results, the levels of ADL and IADL in the study subjects are closely related to the socio-demographic characteristics and health related behaviors. In particular, they suggested that the levels of ADL and IADL were lower in the poor group of the health-related behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and regular exercise.
Static Termination Analysis for Event-driven Distributed Algorithms

Termination is an important non-functional property of distributed algorithms. In an event-driven setting, the interesting aspect of termination is the possibility of control flow loops through communication, which this paper aims to investigate. In practice, it is often difficult to spot the possible communication behaviour of an algorithm at a glance. With a static analysis, the design process can be supported by visualizing possible flow of messages and give hints on possible sources of non-termination. We propose a termination analysis for distributed algorithms formulated in an event-driven specification language. The idea is to construct a message flow graph describing the possible communication between components (input-action pairs). We show that acyclicity of that graph implies termination. While many interesting algorithms indeed contain cycles, we also suggest ways of detecting cycles which cannot lead to non-termination. As a practical evaluation, we describe a concrete programming language together with a tool for automated termination analysis.
The Rhetoric of Exergaming

Recently videogames that use physical input devices have been dubbed “exergames” — games that combine play and exercise. This paper offers a historical perspective on exergames, from early arcades to the Atari 2600 through contemporary consoles, as well as a theoretical analysis of the different rhetorics such games deploy to influence players toward physically-active gameplay.
Integration of active noise reduction and binaural technologies in the design of communication headsets

The fundamental basis and technical aspects involved in integrating two relatively new technologies in the design of communication headsets are reviewed. The first technology, known as active noise reduction (ANR), can improve speech intelligibility by reducing the amount of interfering noise from the environment. The second technology, known as binaural technology, allows the simulation of 3D auditory displays, which can enhance speech intelligibility and situational awareness over monophonic listening.
Usability Issues in Mental Health Applications

User reviews of apps are critically important in open mobile application markets, including the App Store and Google Play. Analyzing app reviews helps reveal any usability issues faced, desired improvements, and could also provide insights to guide future app designs. As a result, there is a growing demand for analysis of app reviews to enhance app usability, user experience, and hence improve overall app adoption. This is particularly true for apps targeting sensitive issues such as those promoting mental health. In this paper, we present the results of an analysis of 106 mental health app reviews from the App Store and Google Play. We mined and analyzed 1236 distinct reviews to identify usability issues. We classified app usability issues into six categories: bugs, poor user interface design, data loss, battery and memory usage issue, lack of guidance and explanation, and internet connectivity issue. The results could guide app designers on how to design apps especially those tailored to mental health to improve their usability.
Mechanisms of Conflict Management over Common Pool Resources among the Residents of Lower River Nyando Floodplains, Kisumu County, Kenya

Conflict management is the process of reducing the negative and destructive capacity of conflict through a number of measures and by working with and through the parties involved in that conflict. However, scholars have not addressed how latent conflicts can be managed by the parties involved without any feeling of grievance or betrayal among the conflicting groups. This study was set to examine mechanisms of conflict management over common pool resources among residents of lower river Nyando floodplains and to explore the appropriate means of managing conflicts. The recurrence of conflicts in the lower River Nyando floodplains despite the interventions by different actors called to attention the need to address these conflicts. It was therefore necessary to undertake a study highlighting conflicts over common pool resources among the residents of lower River Nyando floodplains with a view to finding solutions to the continuous loss of human lives, environmental degradation, and displacement of persons among other issues. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study, and purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 138 respondents who were interviewed using interview schedules. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test instrument’s reliability and a coefficient of 0.76 was obtained. Key actors in conflict management were found to be the government, nongovernmental organizations, elders, community based organizations and religious leaders while conflicts that were common in the area arose from the use of land, water, fishing, and exploitation of papyrus. Litigation, negotiation, and coercion were the main mechanisms of managing conflicts. It was concluded that negotiation was the most appropriate mechanism in resolving conflicts over common pool resources. This study is beneficial to the government in that it identifies key actors in conflict management hence appropriate mitigating mechanisms can be implemented to enhance gainful management of conflicts in common pool resource areas. Keywords : Conflict; Mechanism; Conflict Management; Common Pool Resource; Flood plains.
Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave for Empirical Elastic Design of Anchored Foundations

Helical anchors are vital support components for power transmission lines. Failure of a single anchor can lead to the loss of an entire transmission line structure which results in the loss of power for downstream community. Despite being important, it is not practical to use conventional borehole method of subsurface exploration, which is labor intensive and costly, for estimating soil properties and anchor holding capacity. This paper describes the use of an empirical and elasticity-based design technique coupled with the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) technique to provide subsurface information for anchor foundation designs. Based on small-strain wave propagation, SASW determines shear wave velocity profile which is then correlated to anchor holding capacity. A pilot project involving over 400 anchor installations has been performed and demonstrated that such technique is reliable and can be implemented into transmission line structure designs.
Bird mortality from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. I. Exposure probability in the offshore Gulf of Mexico

Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon MC 252 blowout in the Gulf of Mexico, most surface oil remained more than 40 km offshore, precluding reliable estimation of offshore avian mortality based on shoreline counts. Using an exposure probability model as an alternative approach, we estimated that between 36 000 to 670 000 birds died in the offshore Gulf of Mexico as result of exposure to oil from the Deepwater Horizon, with the most likely number near 200 000. Our exposure probability model is a technique for estimating this offshore component of avian mortality as the product of the oil slick area, the density of the birds above the oil slick, and the proportionate mortality of birds that could be exposed to oil during an assumed exposure period. The duration of the exposure period is treated as an estimated parameter to account for oil slick movement, exposure of birds immigrating to the oil-contaminated area, and re-exposure of birds that survived prior vulnerability to exposure. Total avian mortality is determined as the sum of mortalities from each exposure period. Exposure probability may be the only method available to estimate bird mortality from large, remote oil spills in the open ocean where carcasses are unlikely to ever reach shore. In the case of the Deepwater Horizon, the uncertainty interval is quite large because several parameters could not be well estimated. Historically sparse survey coverage effectively led to an under-appreciation of the effects of this spill on marine birds.
Etude et développement d'un noeud piézoélectrique intégré dans un micro-système reconfigurable: applications à la surveillance "de santé" de structures aéronautiques

Dans une aviation ou la securite des vols est au cœur des preoccupations des constructeurs, le controle de sante des structures est l'un des nouveaux poles majeurs de recherche et developpement engage par la communaute aeronautique depuis ces dix dernieres annees. Un systeme SHM (structural Heath monitoring) integre aux structures avioniques (tels que le sont deja les systemes de monitoring des moteurs) permettrait de : * rendre l'aviation plus sure et eviterait certains des accidents aeriens ; * reduire les couts de maintenance ; * alleger, a terme, le poids total car cela permettrait de d'eviter les sur-renforcements structuraux actuels. Le travail developpe durant cette these, dans le cadre d'un projet industriel, concerne le developpement de solutions exploitant l'utilisation de nœuds piezoelectriques au sein de microsystemes reconfigurables dedies a la detection de defauts dans des elements de structure d'avion. L'exploitation de donnees issues de la generation/capture d'ondes de Lamb ainsi que des techniques se basant sur l'etude de l'impedance electromecanique du capteur ont ete developpees et etudiees sur differents types de defauts identifies tels que cracks, corrosion etc. La methode proposee repose sur la comparaison et l'evolution dans le temps de signatures de reseaux de capteurs utilisant l'effet piezoelectrique et places sur des elements choisis de structures avioniques. L'interface capteur-materiau a ete specialement etudiee afin de garantir le couplage le plus efficace possible. Les techniques de " monitoring " ainsi developpees ont ete testees sur des structures aeronautiques extraites d'ATR72 et des structures sandwichs en materiaux composites. Differentes solutions d'integration de ces capteurs et nœuds ont ete passees en revue et une demarche a ete proposee, allant de l'architecture des effecteurs au conditionnement et a la transmission des signaux et informations d'interet. Une nouvelle vision de l'electronique de detection de defauts, permettant de developper une instrumentation " universelle " de capteurs a travers une combinaison de circuits numeriques/analogiques reconfigurables a entrees/sorties versatiles, a ete implementee et testee avec succes.