Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Ameliorates Splanchnic Hyposensitivity to Glypressin in a Hemorrhage-transfused Rat Model of Portal Hypertension

Background: Vasopressin given during hemorrhage is less effective than when given during a stable state in experimental portal hypertension or patients with cirrhosis (the so-called hyposensitivity phenomenon). This study investigated whether chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor, could potentiate the portal-hypotensive effect of glypressin (a long-acting vasopressin analogue) in portal-hypertensive rats during acute bleeding status. Methods: Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation (PVL). Rats were divided to receive either L-NAME (~25 mg/kg/day in tap water) or placebo (tap water) treatment orally from 2 days prior to until 14 days after the operation. At the end of treatment, L-NAME-and placebo-treated PVL rats were subdivided into without-bleeding and with-bleeding groups to assess the effects of glypressin (0.07 mg/kg) on systemic and portal hemodynamics. In rats with a hypotensive hemorrhage, 4.5 ml of blood was withdrawn and 50% of the withdrawn blood was reinfused before the administration of glypressin. Results: As compared with placebo-treated rats, chronic treatment with L-NAME in PVL rats significantly increased mean arterial pressure (P < 0.001) without modulating portal pressure (P > 0.05). In placebo-treated PVL rats, glypressin resulted in a less decrease in portal pressure in rats with bleeding than in those without bleeding (P < 0.05). For PVL rats with bleeding, the portal-hypotensive effect of glypressin was significantly potentiated after chronic L-NAME treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Chronic inhibition of NO alleviates the splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin observed in bleeding PVL rats, suggesting the pathophysiological role of nitric oxide in mediating this splanchnic hyposensitivity.
Integrating Early Cretaceous fossils into the phylogeny of living angiosperms: Magnoliidae and eudicots

Abstract Over the past 25 years, discoveries of Early Cretaceous fossil flowers, often associated with pollen and sometimes with vegetative parts, have revolutionized our understanding of the morphology and diversity of early angiosperms. However, few of these fossils have been integrated into the increasingly robust phylogeny of living angiosperms based primarily on molecular data. To remedy this situation, we have used a morphological dataset for living basal angiosperms (including basal eudicots and monocots) to assess the most parsimonious positions of early angiosperm fossils on cladograms of Recent plants, using constraint trees that represent the current range of hypotheses on higher‐level relationships, and concentrating on Magnoliidae (the clade including Magnoliales, Laurales, Canellales, and Piperales) and eudicots. In magnoliids, our results confirm proposed relationships of Archaeanthus (latest Albian? ) to Magnoliaceae, Endressinia (late Aptian) to Magnoliales (the clade comprising Degeneria, Galbulimima, Eupomatia, and Annonaceae), and Walkeripollis pollen tetrads (late Barremian? ) to Winteraceae, but they indicate that Mauldinia (early Cenomanian) was sister to both Lauraceae and Hernandiaceae rather than to Lauraceae alone. Among middle Albian to early Cenomanian eudicots, we confirm relationships of Nelumbites to Nelumbo, platanoid inflorescences and Sapindopsis to Platanaceae, and Spanomera to Buxaceae. With the possible exception of Archaeanthus, these fossils are apparently not crown group members of living families but rather stem relatives of one or more families.
Exploring Information Interactions in Decentralized Multiagent Coordination under Uncertainty

Information interactions between tightly coupled agents has been proved to be an effective method to overshadow the partially observable constraints and simplify the solving complexity. In this work, we explore how incompact information interaction affect the decentralized multiagent coordination under uncertainty. We focus on problems in which the interactions between agents are spatio-temporal discrete, and propose a practical decision model for decentralized multiagent coordination, DLI-MDPs, that both supports the decision-making under the state of none and restricted information interactions. We analysis the relevances and transformation conditions between the proposed new model and the classical models, then contribute a reinforcement learning algorithm HDLI, that takes the advantage of the particular structure of DLI-MDPs in which agent updates policies by learning both its local cognition and the additional information obtained through interaction. Finally, we compare and verify the application of the algorithm throughout the paper in several typical coordination scenarios.
Bat heart mass: correlation with foraging niche and roost preference

We found that the spirit-preserved hearts of 34 species of Australian bat, representing 6 families, weighed from 0.3 to 0.65% of bat mass (mbat), a variation factor of two. The average mass of the heart specimens of the 34 species was 0.501% of bat mass and this did not vary with bat mass. This value was much lower than the average of the available published data, 0.991%. Insectivorous bats that forage or fly in and near three-dimensional clutter have heart mass fractions ~0.04% larger than average, whereas insectivorous bats that forage around and above the canopy in clear air have fractions ~0.16% smaller than average. Insectivorous bats that are obligate deep-cave roosters have significantly smaller fractions, 0.18% smaller than average, whereas those that hover have fractions ~0.08% larger than average. Available published data, although based on freshly sacrificed animals, show the same trends in relation to heart mass fraction and the same scatter and body-mass relationships. However, the magnitude of the fractions differs by a factor of two and may relate to our removal of all tissue except the musculature and walls of the four cardiac chambers.
Comparative Study of CNN and RNN for Motor fault Diagnosis Using Deep Learning

Electric motors are in a very important position in the industry. Therefore, Motor fault diagnosis is also very important. In this paper, motor fault diagnosis is carried out using CNN and RNN, the best-known method of supervised learning. Fault diagnosis algorithm is obtained using two algorithms and learning and verification are performed using motor vibration data. As a result, the CNN and RNN algorithms showed high accuracy, although the CNN algorithm showed higher accuracy than RNN. However, RNN is an algorithm with a Recurrent Neural Network structure. Therefore, compared with CNN, it has the advantage of being robust against changes in the surrounding environment of the motor. Therefore, both CNN and RNN show usable accuracy, and it is most important to select the appropriate algorithm for the situation.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Crop Plants: Physiological Constraints upon Nitrogen Absorption

Current global nitrogen fertilizer use has reached approximately one hundred billion kg per annum. In many agricultural systems, a very substantial portion of this applied nitrogen fertilizer is lost from soil to groundwaters, rivers and oceans. While soil physicochemical properties play a significant part in these losses, there are several characteristic features of plant nitrogen transporter function that facilitate N losses. Nitrate and ammonium efflux from roots result in a reduction of net nitrogen uptake. As external nitrate and ammonium concentrations, respectively, are increased, particularly into the range of concentrations that are typical of agricultural soils, elevated rates of nitrate and ammonium efflux result. The rapid down-regulation of high-affinity influx as plants become nitrogen replete further reduces the root's capacity to acquire external nitrogen; only nitrogen-starved roots absorb with both high capacity and high affinity. The results of studies using molecular biology methods demonstrate that genes encoding nitrate and ammonium transporters are rapidly down-regulated when nitrogen is resupplied to nitrogen-starved plants. Provision of ammonium to roots of plants actively absorbing nitrate imposes a block on nitrate uptake, the extent of which depends on the ammonium concentration, thus further reducing the efficient utilization of soil nitrate. During the daily variation of incoming light and during periods of low incident irradiation (i.e. heavy cloud cover) the expression levels of genes encoding nitrate and ammonium transporters, and rates of nitrate and ammonium uptake, are substantially reduced. Low temperatures reduce growth and nitrogen demand, and appear to discriminate against high-affinity nitrogen influx. In sum, these several factors conspire to limit rates of plant nitrogen uptake to values that are well below capacity. These characteristics of the plant's nitrogen uptake systems facilitate nitrogen losses from soils.
Gastric Emptying of Realistic Meals With and Without Gluten in Patients with Coeliac Disease. Effect of Jejunal Mucosal Recovery

Background: Few data are available on disturbed gastric emptying in patients with coeliac disease. The aims of the study were to investigate (a) the presence of delayed gastric emptying; (b) the acute effect on gastric emptying of gliadin; and (c) the effect of jejunal recovery on gastric emptying of meals with or without gluten in such patients. Methods: We measured gastric emptying of two meals in 16 patients with coeliac disease; one meal contained gliadin. Results were compared with those obtained in 24 controls. In 12 patients, both measurements were repeated after mucosal recovery. Statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of variance for repeated measurements and Student's t
Oyster Crassostrea virginica Spat Settlement as it Relates to the Restoration of Fish River Reef in Mobile Bay, Alabama

— Oyster spat settlement at four oyster reefs in Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA, was studied from August through October 1998 and May through mid November 1999. Spat collectors at the reefs were replaced every 2 wk and spat-set estimated as number of oysters per meter square per day. Water quality data at Fish River Reef was monitored using remote sensors. Spat-set data revealed significant variation between the four sites and between the 2 yr. Spat settlement was 5 to 10 times greater at the other three reefs than at Fish River Reef. Dates and intensity of oyster settlement at Fish River Reef were different from dates and intensity of oyster settlement at Shell Bank Reef, both on the eastern side of the bay. However, settlement was similar between Cedar Point Reef and White House Reef, both on the western side of the bay. Spat set appears to occur 3 wk after a rapid decline in water temperature, provided adequate oxygen concentrations are present at the time of settlement. Data collected suggest that intensity of settlement at Fish River Reef is considerably less than at other reefs in this study but could be adequate to reestablish the reef, if cultch and environmental conditions are suitable. The data also suggest that the source of larval oysters at Fish River Reef is different from the source of larval oysters at the other sites tested in the present study.
Redox regulation of tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and therapy of autoimmunity.

SIGNIFICANCE Autoimmune diseases are progressively affecting westernized societies, as the proportion of individuals suffering from autoimmunity is steadily increasing over the past decades. Understanding the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of the immune response in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders is of outmost importance. The focus of this review is the regulation of ROS production within tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T (Treg) cells that have the essential role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases and significant potency in their therapy. Recent Advances: It is now clear that ROS are extremely important for the proper function of both DC and T cells. Antigen processing/presentation and the ability of DC to activate T cells depend upon the ROS availability. Treg differentiation, suppressive function and stability are profoundly influenced by ROS presence. CRITICAL ISSUES Although a plethora of results on the relation between ROS and immune cells exists, it remains unclear whether ROS modulation is a productive way for skewing T cells and DC towards a tolerogenic phenotype. Also, the possibility of ROS modulation for enhancement of regulatory properties of DC and Treg during their preparation for use in cellular therapy has to be clarified. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Studies of DC and T cell redox regulation should allow for the improvement of the therapy of autoimmune diseases. This could be achieved through the direct therapeutic application of ROS modulators in autoimmunity or indirectly, through ROS-dependent enhancement of tolDC and Treg preparation for cell-based immunotherapy.
Composição química e energética de amostras de milho submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de secagem e períodos de armazenamento

O objetivo do experimento foi determinar a composicao quimica, energia bruta, energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizavel aparente corrigida (EMAn) de amostras de milho submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de secagem (temperatura ambiente e secagem artificial com temperaturas de 80, 100 e 120oC) e a diferentes periodos de armazenamento (0, 60, 120 e 180 dias). Para determinar os valores de EMA e de EMAn, foi utilizado o metodo tradicional de coleta total de excretas com pintos machos, Avian Farm, de 21 a 30 dias de idade. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (quatro temperaturas de secagem e quatro periodos de armazenamento), em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete repeticoes por tratamento e sete aves por unidade experimental. Cada amostra de milho substituiu em 40% da materia natural, uma racao-referencia. Foram realizadas analises de composicao quimica e energia bruta de cada amostra de milho. Foi determinada tambem a energia bruta das excretas. A composicao quimica e os valores de energia bruta (kcal/kg) das amostras de milho nao foram significativamente influenciados pela temperatura de secagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento. Entretanto, os valores de EMA e de EMAn foram influenciados pela temperatura de secagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento, isoladamente. Foi observado efeito quadratico para temperatura de secagem, com maiores valores de EMA e EMAn do milho nas temperaturas de 49 e 50oC, respectivamente, obtidos por equacao de regressao. Para o tempo de armazenamento, observou-se efeito linear decrescente para os valores de EMA e de EMAn. Observou-se que a temperatura de secagem e o tempo de armazenamento dos graos de milho reduziram os valores de EMA e de EMAn.
Design of automatic calibration in digital oscilloscope

The calibration of the oscilloscope can guarantee the reliability of its performance indicators and improve the credibility of the oscilloscope measurement results. However, the manual calibration method has a slow calibration speed and low production efficiency, and cannot meet the requirements of mass production. This paper improves the calibration method of the oscilloscope according to the hardware structure of the signal conditioning channel. In direct current (DC) gain calibration, the programmable attenuator and analog to digital converter (ADC) gain are combined to calibrate, improving DC gain calibration accuracy. In the calibration of the trigger level, both the positive and negative bias levels of the trigger are calibrated to improve the trigger level accuracy. During trigger level and channel offset calibration, calibration of all amplitude ranges is done by calibrating only one amplitude range. Under the preseted calibration accuracy, the time of automatic calibration is greatly decreased, and the efficiency of automatic calibration is improved.
Traffic Intersection Detection Using Floating Car Data

The autonomous vehicle navigation system and the intelligent traffic system need real-time routing planning in traffic engineering and management. Urban road intersections play bottlenecks of urban roads, contributing a great deal to the loss of travel time due to traffic interference, management and control. The detection of the traffic intersection is important for obtaining real-time road regulation information. This paper proposes a method to detect the traffic intersection based on floating car data that is typically timestamped geo-localization, direction and speed data directly collected by moving vehicles. The angle of the direction difference can be used as the features for detecting the traffic intersection. The identification of the traffic intersections algorithm is developed based on the data density clustering algorithm. The floating car data is collected by about 15,000 cars using an onboard with the Global Positioning System receiver and sensors that providing positions (latitude, longitude) instantaneous speed, drive direction and time etc. The assessment results show the approach has excellent performance with high accuracy for traffic intersection detection.
Butterfly Space: An Architectural Approach for Investigating Performance Issues

Performance issues widely exist in modern software systems. Existing performance optimization approaches, such as dynamic profiling, usually fail to consider the impacts of architectural connections among methods on performance issues. This paper contributes an architectural approach, Butterfly Space modeling, to investigate performance issues. Each Butterfly Space is composed of 1) a seed method; 2) methods in the "upper wing" that call the seed directly or transitively; and 3) methods in the "lower wing" that are called by the seed, directly or transitively. The rationale is that the performance of the seed method impacts and is impacted by all the other methods in the space because of the call relationship. As such, developers can more efficiently investigate groups of connected performance improvement opportunities in Butterfly Spaces. We studied three real-world open source Java projects to evaluate such potential. Our findings are three-fold: 1) If the seed method of a Butterfly Space contains performance problems, up to 60% of the methods in the space also contain performance problems; 2) Butterfly Spaces can potentially help to non-trivially increase the precision/recall and reduce the costs in identifying performance improvement opportunities, compared to dynamic profiling; and 3) Visualizing dynamic profiling metrics with Butterfly Spaces simultaneously help to reveal two typical patterns, namely Expensive Callee and Inefficient Caller, that are responsible for performance problems and provide insights on where to improve next. We believe that Butterfly Space modeling has great potential for investigating performance issues.
Modular Technology Adaptation to the Horizontal Construction in the Philippines: A Lean Approach

The horizontal construction industry needs improvement in order to address the construction delay problems incurred in the current processing that affects the traffic and productivity of the society. This study aims to improve the current methodology through implementing the concept of Lean, eliminating the Waste in a process. Particularly, it used the Modular Technology to eliminate the waiting time in the conventional single process followed in the current methods. Government projects were particularly studied and a survey questionnaire is administered to the clients and contractors to gather insights for the factors affecting the timely completion of the projects and the perceived barriers to the proposed method. The survey is participated by 163 respondents who possess homogeneity in the distribution. ANDVA is used to test the significance in each factor. Results show that the size of the company and length of experience are not significant factors that affect the project's delay. The survey revealed that among the five delay factors identified, the most frequent and severely affecting factors of delay are material, labor and equipment related delay factors. The highest challenge for adapting the proposed method is shown to be knowledge and transportation related. The research prepared a comparison of the current and proposed method that resulted to time savings. It addressed better utilization and movement of material, labor and equipment. To support the perceived challenges to implementation, a framework is prepared to serve as basis for institutionalizing the proposed method
Role of Tafazzin in Mitochondrial Function, Development and Disease

Tafazzin, an enzyme associated with the rare inherited x-linked disorder Barth Syndrome, is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial transacylase that is highly conserved across multiple species and plays an important role in mitochondrial function. Numerous studies have elucidated the mechanisms by which Tafazzin affects mitochondrial function, but its effects on development and susceptibility to adult disease are incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight previous functional studies across a variety of model organisms, introduce recent studies that show an important role in development, and also to provide an update on the role of Tafazzin in human disease. The profound effects of Tafazzin on cardiac development and adult cardiac homeostasis will be emphasized. These studies underscore the importance of mitochondrial function in cardiac development and disease, and also introduce the concept of Tafazzin as a potential therapeutic modality.
NHJ-1 Is Required for Canonical Nonhomologous End Joining in Caenorhabditis elegans

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a particularly lethal form of DNA damage that must be repaired to restore genomic integrity. Canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), is a widely conserved pathway that detects and directly ligates the broken ends to repair the DSB. These events globally require the two proteins that form the Ku ring complex, Ku70 and Ku80, and the terminal ligase LIG4. While the NHEJ pathway in vertebrates is elaborated by more than a dozen factors of varying conservation and is similarly complex in other eukaryotes, the entire known NHEJ toolkit in Caenorhabditis elegans consists only of the core components CKU-70, CKU-80, and LIG-4. Here, we report the discovery of the first accessory NHEJ factor in C. elegans. Our analysis of the DNA damage response in young larvae revealed that the canonical wild-type N2 strain consisted of two lines that exhibited a differential phenotypic response to ionizing radiation (IR). Following the mapping of the causative locus to a candidate on chromosome V and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 mutagenesis, we show that disruption of the nhj-1 sequence induces IR sensitivity in the N2 line that previously exhibited IR resistance. Using genetic and cytological analyses, we demonstrate that nhj-1 functions in the NHEJ pathway to repair DSBs. Double mutants of nhj-1 and lig-4 or cku-80 do not exhibit additive IR sensitivity, and the post-IR somatic and fertility phenotypes of nhj-1 mimic those of the other NHEJ factors. Furthermore, in com-1 mutants that permit repair of meiotic DSBs by NHEJ instead of restricting their repair to the homologous recombination pathway, loss of nhj-1 mimics the consequences of loss of lig-4. Diakinesis-stage nuclei in nhj-1; com-1 and nhj-1; lig-4 mutant germlines exhibit increased numbers of DAPI-staining bodies, consistent with increased chromosome fragmentation in the absence of NHEJ-mediated meiotic DSB repair. Finally, we show that NHJ-1 and LIG-4 localize to somatic nuclei in larvae, but are excluded from the germline progenitor cells, consistent with NHEJ being the dominant DNA repair pathway in the soma. nhj-1 shares no sequence homology with other known eukaryotic NHEJ factors and is taxonomically restricted to the Rhabditid family, underscoring the evolutionary plasticity of even highly conserved pathways.