Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active and passive infrared sensors for vehicular traffic control

Experimental results are presented for both passive and active overhead infrared systems to detect and monitor vehicular road traffic. The active system developed uses lasers and detectors operating in the near infrared spectral range. The passive system uses detectors operating in the thermal infrared region. Both systems make use of computerized signal processing and correlation techniques to determine presence of vehicles, traffic volume, vehicle speed measurement and length classification. Preliminary road tests confirmed the potential of both systems to provide effective, rugged, low cost approaches to vehicular traffic monitoring suitable for use on multilane highways. The comparative advantages of both systems are discussed and their potential for integration in intelligent vehicle highway systems are examined. <<ETX>>
Lysosomal Targeting of E-Cadherin: a Unique Mechanism for the Down-Regulation of Cell-Cell Adhesion during Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transitions

ABSTRACT A hallmark characteristic of epithelial tumor progression as well as some processes of normal development is the loss of the epithelial phenotype and acquisition of a motile or mesenchymal phenotype. Such epithelial to mesenchymal transitions are accompanied by the loss of E-cadherin function by either transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that, upon v-Src expression, a potent trigger of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, E-cadherin is internalized and then shuttled to the lysosome instead of being recycled back to the lateral membrane. Thus, while E-cadherin internalization facilitates the dissolution of adherens junctions, its subsequent traffic to the lysosome serves as a means to ensure that cells do not reform their cell-cell contacts and remain motile. We also show that ubiquitin tagging of E-cadherin is essential for its sorting to the lysosome. The lysosomal targeting of E-cadherin is mediated by hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs) and v-Src-induced activation of the Rab5 and Rab7 GTPases. Our studies reveal that the lysosomal targeting of E-cadherin is an important posttranscriptional mechanism to deplete cellular E-cadherin during Src-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transitions.
THE ROLE OF AIRWAY CLOSURE IN POSTOPERATIVE HYPOXAEMIA

SUMMARY Lung function studies were made on a total of 173 patients before and after elective surgery. Functional residual capacity was reduced postoperatively and this reduction was most severe in those patients who underwent an upper abdominal operation. In this group, the postoperative reduction in functional residual capacity was related to the concomitant increase in alveolar/arterial Po2 difference. Studies of the distribution of ventilation showed that the alveolar/arterial Po2 difference was related to the amount of closure of small airways. The increase in alveolar/arterial Po2 difference following upper abdominal surgery was associated with an alteration in the relationship of functional residual capacity to the volume at which small airways close.
Communicating about emerging infectious disease: The importance of research

Emerging infectious diseases have taken on renewed significance in the public health sector since the 1990s. Worldwide, governments are preparing emergency plans to guide them; their plans acknowledge that communication will be vital in the event of an outbreak. However, much of the emerging infectious disease communication literature deals with one-way transmission of facts to the public by experts. Little attention is paid to how differently various groups conceptualize risk, or to the idea that there is more to communication than the intentional transfer of information. Emerging infectious disease communication is often based in traditional health promotion or emergency/crisis communication literature, where it is assumed that the only ‘enemy’ is the disease, the right course of action is obvious and the expertise (coming from a public health assumed to be value-free) will not be questioned. Research tends to be limited to exploring barriers to understanding or education, to facilitate better message development. Emerging infectious disease communication research should be broadened to include exploration of implicit assumptions about the nature of the problem at hand (and how to deal with it) as well as the concepts of uncertainty, trust, power, values and biases. Recent risk communication theory, whose focus has historically been on more obviously controversial technological/environmental situations, should guide such research, as it would highlight important contextual factors in which to embed emerging infectious disease communication. This article reviews existing emerging infectious disease communications literature, discusses risk communications theories that could broaden emerging infectious disease communication research, and suggests next steps in a research agenda.
Design and Implementation of A Lightweight Brokering System for Content/Service Charging in a Cellular Network Centric Business Model

Cellular operators offer voice services for years and own a solid amount of users with a certain authority on running cellular business. Recently, various fascinated value added contents and services are emerging in the post-voice era. To extend the business and leverage the exiting operation and maintenance systems, operators strive to become a trusty broker that aggregates a variety of valued added services provided by lots of third-party service/content providers as well as a payment agency that collects the service/content fees into a unified bill for users. In the past, little studies had ever clearly and deeply revealed for how to practically substantiate a lightweight system for connecting users, cellular operators and content/service providers by highly exploiting the mature cellular environment to achieve a triple-win situation. In this article, we elaborate a well- constructed A.A. A. brokering system sitting between the content/service providers and users to link the value chain in such a triple-play game - A4BS, which generalizes certain basic mechanisms that govern authentication, authorization, advice-of- charge issuing, accounting, billing and settlement. Through this tried-and-true system, content/service providers can focus on service creation without much attention to the end-user billing. Meanwhile, users can be charged on a transaction basis with an instant expenditure notification and have a one-stop payment in a single cellular bill as well.
A framework for replication in Data Grid

Data replication is the creation and maintenance of multiple copies of the same data. Replication is used in Data Grid to enhance data availability and fault tolerance. In this paper, a framework for replication in the Data Grid is proposed. The framework is considered an environment that can be used to evaluate the performance of different replication strategies. An event-driven simulator written in Java is used to evaluate the performance of three replication strategies based on the new proposed framework. These strategies are No Replication, Plain Caching, and Fast Spread. The simulation results show that Plain Caching strategy achieved the best performance, while No Replication strategy achieved the worst performance in terms of number of requests served locally (NORSL).
Comparison of FSO 10 Micrometer Availability with FSO 850 nm/RF Hybrid Network Availability

Free space optic (FSO) can provide line of sight, wireless, high bandwidth multi giga bits per second links to fulfil high data rate requirements of future communication applications. However, the widespread growth of FSO has been hampered by availability and reliability issues. FSO links are highly weather dependent and attenuating factor like fog causes reduced link availability for considerable amount of time. The alternate solution is to use fail over with RF back up links that are less susceptible to weather attenuations. Another approach is to use longer wavelengths like 10 ? m as these wavelengths have high penetration against fog. In this paper, the availability of hybrid FSO/RF network has been compared with the availability of 10 ? m under different weather attenuating condition like fog, rain and snow. The availability analysis has been performed using measured attenuation data.
Adverse Drug Reactions to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients at the Largest Public Hospital in Nicaragua

Objective: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are an important cause of hospitalization, treatment discontinuation, and regimen changes in both developed and developing countries. This study is the first to examine and understand ADRs in HIV-infected patients in Nicaragua. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from May 2010 to March 2011, in a cohort of HIV-infected patients receiving ART at the largest public hospital in Managua, Nicaragua. Patients were identified based on ADRs reporting on a standardized antiretroviral pharmacotherapy form. Subsequently, chart reviews of these patients were performed in order to document the specific ADRs. Results: Six hundred ninety-two patients on ART were included. The incidence of ADRs was 6.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5-8.2). Females demonstrated a higher incidence, that is, 10.2% (95% CI 5.3-15.1, P = .020). Patients treated with combinations of zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir (TDF) had fewer ADRs (P < .01) than those using other combinations. Five patients were hospitalized or had a prolonged hospitalization secondary to ADRs, with no mortality attributed to ADR. The most common manifestations of ADRs were central nervous system (20 of 44), gastrointestinal (12 of 44), and dermatologic (8 of 44) reactions. Adverse drug reactions were classified as “likely ADRs” (25 of 44) and “possible ADRs” (19 of 44). No ADRs were preventable. Conclusion: Adverse drug reactions most frequently affected the central nervous system. No ADR was life threatening. The frequency of ADRs in this Nicaraguan patient population was less than that reported from other studies in resource-limited settings.
I Am Men’s Health

In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Truvada as a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for adults at risk of HIV. PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV when taken daily, but no gold standard exists for consistently administering PrEP to populations at highest risk. The “I Am Men’s Health” program used an innovative methodology to generate adherence to PrEP in 23 mostly young men who have sex with men of color (yMSMc), during a 28-week period from February to September 2013. Adherence was measured using weekly medication pickup rates. The average age of the participants was 21 years, and the majority were black and lived below the poverty line. Time on PrEP ranged from 1 to 28 weeks (2723 person-days), and the weighted average adherence was 73%. The methodology used in this study was preliminarily effective at generating adherence to PrEP among high-risk yMSMc in a community setting and may help inform large-scale future HIV prevention interventions.
Feedback Interval Control in Wireless Multi-Cell MIMO Systems

Coordination of MIMO transmission across multiple cells can effectively reduce cell-edge interference. However, downlink multi-cell MIMO transmission requires additional channel state information at the cooperating base stations compared to the single-cell case. Therefore, reducing the feedback overhead is an important issue in multi-cell MIMO systems. This paper proposes an adaptive feedback interval control method for multi-cell MIMO systems which is shown to provide a significant overhead reduction compared to existing schemes while ensuring an adequate channel state information update rate at the base stations.
Text Message Reminder–Recall to Increase HPV Immunization in Young HIV-1-Infected Patients

HIV infected patients have higher rates of HPV infection, worse disease progression, increase severity of disease, and are at higher risk for intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer than their HIV negative counterparts. We conducted a yearlong pilot project to evaluate the impact of text message HPV immunization reminder-recall in young HIV-1 positive patients in a large urban academic HIV clinic. We found that text message reminder-recall improved HPV immunization uptake in a young, primarily black and un- or under-insured HIV-1 infected patients. As communication by texting is characteristic of teens and young adults in the general population, text message reminder-recalls should be considered a viable option to improve vaccination rates among young HIV patients.
The Effect of Empowerment and Educational Programs on the Quality of Life in Iranian Women with HIV

AIDS affects physical, mental, social, and psychological health status. One of the goals of Health for All in the 21st century is to improve the quality of life. This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 120 HIV-positive women. Women were administered assessment questionnaires to be completed during the structured interview. After sample collection, participants were divided randomly into 3 groups by using the table of random numbers, then, respectively, received educational intervention, empowerment program, and routine procedures offered by the center and were followed by refilling the questionnaires 12 weeks after intervention. Depending on the type of data, chi-square, analysis of variance, and paired t test were used, and SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis. The finding showed that knowledge increased after intervention in educational (P = .02) and empowerment groups (P = .006); also empowerment group indicated significant difference in psychological (P = .006) and spiritual (P = .001) domains and their total quality of life (P = .004). According to this study, exposing HIV-positive women to empowerment education is effective in improving their quality of life.
A Simulation Study of the Downlink Capacity of High Speed Wideband MIMO Cellular Systems

This paper investigates the downlink capacity of wideband high speed MIMO cellular networks for urban spatially correlated channels. Simulation results are presented illustrating the impact on the capacity of different channel models, including the 3GPP SCM model, the number of transmit/receive antennas and their spacing, and the available channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). The results obtained with accurate modeling of the cellular network and propagation channel show that, similarly to point-to-point links, there is a linear capacity increase as a function of the number of degrees of freedom. The results also suggest that antenna spacing parameters have different effects depending on the mobile location in a cell and that user CSIT helps to improve the capacity when there is more transmit antennas than receive antennas but interference covariance information has little influence on the performances.
Pain Assessment After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common outpatient procedure that is accompanied by significant postoperative pain. Purpose: To determine differences in acute pain levels between patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) versus hamstring tendon (HS) autograft. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using either BTB or HS autografts consented to participate. The primary outcome of the study was postoperative pain levels (visual analog scale), which were collected immediately after surgery and for 3 days postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures included opioid consumption (intravenous morphine equivalents), hours slept, patient satisfaction, reported breakthrough pain, and calls to the physician. Results: Patients treated with BTB had increased pain when compared with those treated with HS in the acute postoperative period (mean ± SD: day 0, 6.0 ± 1.7 vs 5.2 ± 2.0 [P = .066]; day 1, 5.9 ± 1.7 vs 4.9 ±1.7 [P = .024]; day 2, 5.2 ± 1.9 vs 4.1 ± 2.0 [P = .032]; day 3, 4.8 ± 2.1 vs 3.9 ± 2.3 [P = .151]). There were also significant increases in reported breakthrough pain (day 0, 76% vs 43% [P = .009]; day 1, 64% vs 35% [P = .003]) and calls to the physician due to pain (day 1, 19% vs 0% [P = .041]) in the BTB group. There were no significant differences in narcotic requirements or sleep disturbances. Overall, the BTB group reported significantly less satisfaction with pain management on days 0 and 1 (P = .024 and .027, respectively). Conclusion: A significant increase in acute postoperative pain was found when performing ACL reconstruction with BTB compared with HS. Patients treated with BTB were more likely to have breakthrough pain, decreased satisfaction with their pain management, and to contact their physician due to pain. These findings suggest a difference in early postoperative pain between the 2 most common graft options for ACL reconstruction. Patients should be informed of the differences in acute postoperative pain when deciding on graft choice with their physician.
A Comparison of Two Objective Measures of Binaural Processing

There has been continued interest in clinical objective measures of binaural processing. One commonly proposed measure is the binaural interaction component (BIC), which is obtained typically by recording auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)—the BIC reflects the difference between the binaural ABR and the sum of the monaural ABRs (i.e., binaural − (left + right)). We have recently developed an alternative, direct measure of sensitivity to interaural time differences, namely, a following response to modulations in interaural phase difference (the interaural phase modulation following response; IPM-FR). To obtain this measure, an ongoing diotically amplitude-modulated signal is presented, and the interaural phase difference of the carrier is switched periodically at minima in the modulation cycle. Such periodic modulations to interaural phase difference can evoke a steady state following response. BIC and IPM-FR measurements were compared from 10 normal-hearing subjects using a 16-channel electroencephalographic system. Both ABRs and IPM-FRs were observed most clearly from similar electrode locations—differential recordings taken from electrodes near the ear (e.g., mastoid) in reference to a vertex electrode (Cz). Although all subjects displayed clear ABRs, the BIC was not reliably observed. In contrast, the IPM-FR typically elicited a robust and significant response. In addition, the IPM-FR measure required a considerably shorter recording session. As the IPM-FR magnitude varied with interaural phase difference modulation depth, it could potentially serve as a correlate of perceptual salience. Overall, the IPM-FR appears a more suitable clinical measure than the BIC.
Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen am Androgenrezeptor-Gen bei Patientinnen mit PCO-Syndrom

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and variable disease. Typical features are hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and a polycystic appearance of the ovaries. Increased androgen action is a main factor in pathogenesis of this disorder. The polymorphic CAG repeat in the first exon of the androgen receptor gene (AR) is an important factor for transactivation of AR-responsive genes. In this study we determined the length of the CAG repeat of the AR gene in patients with PCOS and in a control group. No significant difference could be detected in both groups. Hence, we conclude that the CAG repeat of the AR gene is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Packet reservation multiple access for multimedia traffic

Packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) was designed to support only voice and data traffic. To investigate the performance of PRMA for video transmission, a modified version of PRMA needs to be considered. A modification to the PRMA protocol proposed to support video traffic was investigated using computer simulation. A real video trace file from H.261 codec was used as video traffic for simplification and accuracy in the simulation study. The results show that the modified scheme for supporting H.261 video traffic could provide acceptable quality-of-service at a given number of video terminals in the system. Furthermore, the modified PRMA could support simultaneously 28 voice terminals operating at 32 kbps, 28 data terminals generating data packets at a rate of 1200 bps, and one H.261 video terminal at the mean bit rate of 64 kbps, at the channel rate of 720 kbps in the system.
Throughput of Wireless TCP Networks using Reliable Radio Links

TCP has a poor performance over wireless networks, due to the high bit error rates in the wireless channels. One way to improve its performance is to shield it from the bit errors, using error control schemes in the wireless link. In this paper, we have computed, analytically, the performance of wireless TCP networks using error control schemes in the link layer. We have considered ARQ, FEC and hybrid ARQ-FEC schemes with adaptive and non-adaptive implementations
IP routing table compression using ESPRESSO-MV

In an attempt to slow the exhaustion of Internet protocol (IP) address space, class-less inter-domain routing (CIDR.) was adopted. However, the decision to utilize CIDR also increases the size of the routing table, since it allows an arbitrary partitioning of the routing space. In this paper, we propose a scheme to reduce the size of routing table in the CIDR context. Our approach utilizes a well-known and highly efficient technique to perform multi-valued logic minimization. This technique, implemented using ESPRESSO-MV, is extensively used in multi-valued VLSI logic function optimization. Our approach for IP routing table compression leverages the full flexibility and power of ESPRESSO-MV. By considering the IP routing table as an incompletely specified multi-valued function, we demonstrate that our technique can achieve average 77% reduction in the size of IP routing tables. Our algorithm requires exactly one espresso run, as opposed to O(MN) runs for an existing algorithm, where M is the number of unique masks and N is the number of interfaces in the routing table.