Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods to Identify Fake News in Social Media Using Machine Learning *

—Fake news (fake-news) existed long before the advent of the Internet and spread rather quickly by all possible means of communication being an effective tool for influencing public opinion. Currently, there are many definitions of fake news, but the professional community cannot fully agree on a single one, what creates a big problem for their detection. Many large IT companies, such as Google and Facebook, are developing their own algorithms to protect the public from informational falsification. At the same time, the lack of a common approach to understanding the essence of fake news makes the solution of this issue ideologically impossible. This problem requires to be seriously studied by specialized experts and scientists from different fields. This research analyzes the mechanisms of publication and distribution of fake-news, gives their classification, structure and algorithm of construction. The researchers decide on the methods of identifying this type of news in social media with the help of systems featuring the elements of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
PENGARUH MACAM LIMBAH MINUMAN DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L.)

The research “of Effect Drinking Waste and Composition of Planting Media on Growth and Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)". This research was conducted from 05 April to 10 July 2018 in the experimental garden on Greend houseFaculty of Agriculture / University of Slamet Riyadi located in Village of Kadipiro, District Banjarsari Surakarta.The purpose of this research to know the effect of drinking waste and the composition of the planting mediaon growth and yield of sorghum plants.This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) arranged factorial.The treatment consists of 2 factors and 3 replications:The first factor is the type of drinking waste (L), consisting of 3 types and the second factor is the composition of planting media (M), consisting of 3 compositin. The parameter observed were are height of plants, totals of leaf, fresh weight of biomass,dry weightof biomass, dry weight grains per panicle, weight 100 grains per panicle, and seeds totals per panicle. The data are analyzed using a Variety Analysis, followed by an Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the lowest level of 5%. The results of this research showed of kinds as a giving of drinking waste and the composition of the planting media did not significant effect on the growth and yield of sorghum plants.
Issues and Challenges of Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability in the ICT Sector

In this paper, a brief executive summary of sustainability principles in ICT sector is proposed. The main goal is to show that the profit can’t overcome environment (planet) and society (people). The purpose of this article is to point to problems which are related to sustainability in ICT sector. The another goal is to raise awareness to people and whole science society which aim to convince and motivate them to help with this topic. The third goal is to propose solutions which are now available or are in development or plans for future. This paper is made of findings from the case study done by authors of this paper by blended mobility, which consist of 2 months of virtual (online collaboration) mobility and physical mobility. The team of authors together gathered resources from various sources and publications to acquire enough knowledge for the case study. As a result of case studies, there have been found that a lot of engineers are not motivated to help with sustainable technologies, governments do not make a good environment for companies to motivate them for corporate social responsibility. Also, Greenwashing or environmental marketing which is not based on truth is proposed in this paper. A government should set big penalties and fines to force companies to stop to do Greenwashing. Nowadays a lot of engineers does not care about this topic and by this paper we would like to address our case study findings to motivate or convince them to help in this topic.
Exceptionally low thermal conductivity of poly(3-hexylthiophene) single nanowires

Electrical and thermal conductivity measurements were conducted by using microfabricated four-point probe and T-type nanosensors in a vacuum on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) single nanowires prepared by the whisker method. The nanowires had a cross-section of only 5 nm × 15 nm and a length of 0.5–10 μm. The electrical conductance of nanowires was 3.3 × 10−7 1/Ω and remained stable even after exposing the wires to ambient conditions for a few days. The thermal conductivity of a nanowire was 0.055 ± 0.003 W m−1 K−1 which was approximately an order of magnitude lower than other previously reported P3HT single nanowires with a diameter of 120 nm and embedded in anodic aluminum oxide matrix. This thermal conductivity was also approximately four times smaller than that of P3HT amorphous thin films (∼0.2 W m−1 K−1). The exceptionally low thermal conductivity was attributed to increased interface-phonon scattering because heat propagation was confined to an extreme narrow spatial dimension.
Discrete event control of time-varying plants

This paper studies the use of Quantized State Control (QSC) in Time– Varying (TV) plants. Making use of a Lyapunov analysis, the stability properties of Time Invariant QSC are extended to the non– stationary case. Then, based on the resulting stability theorem, a design algorithm is developed. Finally, the use of this algorithm –which allows the design of QSC controllers according to stability and convergence speed features– is shown with the design and the simulation of an illustrative example. Keywords— Digital Control, Nonlinear Control, Discrete Event Systems.
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2009 on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on freshwater organisms. It begins with two broad sections: research reviews and broad field studies and surveys. This is followed by reviews of research categorized in sections to reflect the pollutant class. These sections include wastewater, stormwater and non‐point source pollution, nutrients, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ionic liquids, and nanomaterials. The final section includes works describing innovations in the field of freshwater pollution research.
How does the application of different nitrification inhibitors affect nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching from cow urine in grazed pastures?

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and nitrate () is a water contaminant. In grazed grassland, the major source of both leaching and N2O emissions is nitrogen (N) deposited in animal excreta, particularly in the urine. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two nitrification inhibitors: (i) a solution of dicyandiamide (DCD) and (ii) a liquid formulation of 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) for reducing N2O emissions and leaching from urine patch areas in two grazed pasture soils under different environmental conditions. In the Canterbury Templeton soil, the nitrification rate of ammonium from the animal urine applied at 1000 kg N/ha was significantly decreased by the application of DCD (10 kg/ha) and DMPP (5 kg/ha). N2O emissions, measured over a 3‐month period, from dairy cow urine applied to the Canterbury Templeton soil were 1.14 kg N2O‐N/ha, and this was reduced to 0.43 and 0.39 kg N2O‐N/ha by DCD and the liquid DMPP, respectively. These are equivalent to 62–66% reductions in the total N2O emissions. Nitrate leaching losses from dairy cow urine applied to the Waikato Horotiu soil lysimeters were reduced from 628.6 kg ‐N/ha to 400.6 and 451.5 kg ‐N/ha by the application of DCD (10 kg/ha) or DMPP (1 kg/ha), respectively. There was no significant difference between the DCD solution and the liquid DMPP in terms of their effectiveness in reducing N2O emissions or leaching under the experimental conditions of this study. These results suggest that both the liquid formulations of DCD and DMPP have the potential to be used as nitrification inhibitors to reduce N2O emissions and leaching in grazed pasture soils.
Adsorptive Removal of Manganese, Arsenic and Iron from Groundwater

Arsenic, manganese and iron in drinking water at concentrations exceeding recommended guideline values pose health risks and aesthetic defects. Batch and pilot experiments on manganese adsorption equilibrium and kinetics using iron-oxide coated sand (IOCS), Aquamandix and other media have been investigated and modeled. Effect of manganese and iron loading on manganese removal and rate of oxidation of adsorbed iron and manganese have been studied. Aquamandix and IOCS demonstrated iron and manganese adsorption capacity that increases with increasing pH under oxic and anoxic conditions. Manganese loading and low filtration rate using feedwater with no nitrite favour non-uniform development of catalytic manganese oxide on media that subsequently enhances manganese removal.
The impact of institutional quality on economic growth: A comparative analysis of the EU and non-EU countries of Southeast Europe

The quality of institutions and its impact on economic growth has become more important in recent years, especially in transition countries that must reform their institutions to create a market economy and meet the preconditions for joining the EU. This is the case with the countries of Southeastern Europe, some of which are already EU members, while others are in the process of joining the EU. This paper examines the effects of institutional quality on the economic growth of South- East Europe and compares these effects in EU and non-EU countries for the period 1996-2017, using Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) to measure the quality of institutions and the GDP growth rate. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is used to analyse the relationship between institutional quality and economic growth. The results show that in EU countries there is a long-run relationship between institutional quality and economic growth for all significant variables, while in the non-EU countries only government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability are statistically significant. Furthermore, in EU countries there is no short-run relationship between institutional quality and economic growth, while in the non-EU countries of SEE, regulatory quality and voice and accountability are significant.
Impact of crystalline defects and size on X-ray line broadening: A phenomenological approach for tetragonal SnO2 nanocrystals

Nanocrystalline tin oxide (SnO2) powders with different grain size were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The reaction was carried out by varying the period of hydrolysis and the as-prepared samples were annealed at different temperatures. The samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffractometer and transmission electron microscopy. The microstrain and crystallite size were calculated for all the samples by using Williamson-Hall (W-H) models namely, isotropic strain model (ISM), anisotropic strain model (ASM) and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM). The morphology and particle size were determined using TEM micrographs. The directional dependant young’s modulus was modified as an equation relating elastic compliances (sij) and Miller indices of the lattice plane (hkl) for tetragonal crystal system and also the equation for elastic compliance in terms of stiffness constants was derived. The changes in crystallite size and microstrain due to lattice defects were observed while .
The unit-demand envy-free pricing problem applied to the sports entertainment industry

This work presents preliminary results of an investigation about the envy-free pricing problem and applications in the sports industry. Based on the literature dealing with the subject, the problem is deﬁned and then an application of the unit-demand case to ticket sales for football matches is modeled in terms of mixed-integer non-linear programming. Graph theory aspects for the allocation and pricing subproblems are discussed, showing the viability of these mathematical and computational treatments in the study of revenue management in the sports entertainment industry.
The Reactivity of Colloidal Inorganic Nanoparticles

The development of functional colloidal inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) has increased exponentially over the past decades offering a "toolbox" ready to be used in a wide range of applications such as materials science, catalysis, biology and medicine (Freitas, 1999; Alivisatos, 2001). This applicability relies on their unique size, morphology and structure, which determines not only their properties but also its reactivity. At the nanometer scale, the confinement of electrons, phonons and photons leads to a new generation of materials which have improved or new physico-chemical properties in comparison with bulk materials. Well-known examples are the size and shape dependence absorption and scattering in noble metal INPs (e.g. Au or Ag), the enhanced fluorescence in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) (e.g. CdSe or PbS ) and the superparamagnetic moment in magnetic NPs (e.g. iron oxide or cobalt) (Burda et al., 2005). Additionally, as the size of the material is reduced and percentage of atoms at the surface becomes significant, the entire particles become more reactive (Bastus et al., 2008). Thus, in very small crystals, both the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions can change with size. For instance, a large surface-to-volume ratio can be accompanied by a lowering of phase transition temperatures (Goldstein et al., 1992). Additionally, this high fraction of unsaturated atoms at INP's surface may lead to some instabilities which can further lead to degradation and corrosion processes. Although this secondary processes are often uncontrollable, the feature is extremely useful for catalysis applications (e.g. Pt NPs) allowing reactions at the active sites of their surfaces (Li & Somorjai, 2010).
Rheology and influence factor of Locust Bean Gum solution

The viscosity of 1% Locust Bean Gum (LBG) aqueous solution has been studied at different shear rates (10�1000 s �1 ), temperatures (10� 60 °C), and pH values (3.0�6.0 ) using a rotational concentric cylinders viscometer. The obtained results show that the
Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steels for FBR Core Application, (I)

As to an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODs) ferritic steel cladding as the promising candidate for long-life core materials of the fast reactors, previously fabricated claddings had inferior internal creep rupture strength in hoop direction and inferior formability due to less ductility. Those unexpected features of ODs claddings are substantially ascribed to the needle-like grain structure excessively elongated along the forming direction. Controlling the grain morphology by applying the recrystallization method to ODs ferritic steel made possible to improve those inferior features. The ranges of Y2O3 and excessive oxygen contents for possibly cold-rolling and recrystallization were revealed, and the effects of extruded temperature and deformation texture on recrystallization characteristics were evaluated. The recrystallized ODs ferritic steel showed superior internal creep rupture strength and ductility. It was demonstrated from those results that cold-rolling manufacturing of ODs cladding at room tem.
An investigation into the formation of a variety of C3 organometallic species via the isomerisation of alkynes by ruthenium (II) and rhodium (I) complexes

A novel synthetic route for the formation of ruthenium complexes [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PR3)2] 1 has been developed. These complexes have been used to investigate the stoichiometric formation of geminal alkenes from the reaction of triphenylphosphine complex [Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2] 1a with propargylic alcohols. It was found that the reaction was promoted by the use of the bulky, electron-rich triisopropylphosphine. This lead to the proposal that the mechanism involves a cationic intermediate and the suggested structure of this intermediate was vinyl carbene [Ru(κ2 OAc)(OC{Me}OCC{H}=CH2)(PPh3)2][BF4] 26. A series of analogues of 26 were synthesised and their reactivity investigated. Whilst no evidence was obtained of their being involved in the transformation of propargylic alcohols to alkenes, it was found that their reactivity can be tuned by changing the substituents on the vinyl moiety. Deprotonation leads to the formation of either the allenylidene complex [Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(PPh3)2(=C=C=CPh2)] 30 or the vinyl vinylidene complexes [Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(PPh3)2(=C=CH-C(R)=CH2)] 32 (R = Ph, Me). A theoretical investigation into this reaction has led to the suggestion that vinyl carbene complexes like 26 could be important reaction intermediates in the formation of allenylidenes from propargylic alcohols. The reactivity of 1a towards the triphenylphosphine-substituted alkyne [HC≡CCH2PPh3]+ 39 has also been investigated. It has been found that this propargylic phosphonium is particularly prone to isomerisation to its allene isomer [H2C=C=CHPPh3]+ 40 and, as a result, reaction with organometallic precursors leads primarily to the formation of the allene complexes [Ru(κ2 OAc)(κ1 OAc)(η2 H2C=C=CHPPh3)(PPh3)2][BF4] 45a and [RhCl(η2 H2C=C=CHPPh3)(PiPr3)2][BPh4] 60. Experimental and theoretical investigations have concluded that the isomerisation is spontaneous (the allene is 37 kJ mol-1 more stable than the alkyne) and not metal promoted. It is however counter-ion dependant and use of the tetraphenylborate salt 39c slows the process enough for novel vinylidene complexes [Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(C=C=CHCH2PPh3)(PPh3)2][BPh4] 38 and [RhCl(C=C=CHCH2PPh3)(PiPr3)2][BPh4] 63 to be synthesised.
SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT HPLC-UV QUANTITATION OF ETOPOSIDE AND ITS CIS-ISOMER IN RAT MICRO-VOLUME PLASMA AND TISSUE SAMPLES: APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC AND BIODISTRIBUTION STUDIES

The present study was aimed at developing a validated HPLC method to quantify the sufficiently low concentrations of etoposide and its cis-isomer in plasma and tissue samples with emphasize on (1) employing a conventional UV detector, (2) using a low biological sample size and a minimized organic solvent volume, and (3) providing precise information about the conversion of etoposide to its cis-isomer in biological samples. The analysis was carried out on a monolithic C18 column using a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and phosphate buffer (18:19:63, v/v/v) containing 0.007% triethylamine as the mobile phase. The analytes were detected using UV absorption at 285 nm. The sample preparation procedure involved the liquid-liquid extraction of analytes and IS from 100 µL plasma or 200 µL of tissue homogenates in 0.5–1 mL mixture of chloroform and n-hexane (80:20, v/v). The limit of detection of etoposide and its cis-isomer in plasma and tissue samples, with considering a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, was 20 ng/mL. Stability studies at room temperature indicated that etoposide in plasma samples was stable for only two hr, after which the trans-isomer was converted to the cis-isomer. The described method was successfully applied toward etoposide pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies in rats.
High drain current and low on resistance normally-off-mode AlGaN/GaN junction HFETs with a p-type GaN gate contact

The normally-off-mode junction HFETs with a p-type GaN gate contact showing high drain current and an extremely large on/off ratio were successfully fabricated by MOVPE. The drain currents were found to be very sensitive to the surface of the u-AlGaN barrier exposed by RIE etching. A reproducible and stable high drain current was achieved using a very thin SiN passivation layer. The maximum drain current was 1.58×10–1 A/mm at VGS = 4 V, while the drain current at VGS = 0 V was as low as 1.45×10–8 A/mm. Therefore, an on/off ratio of 107 has been achieved. The sub-threshold swing was as small as 90 mV/dec. The on resistance was 3.4 mΩcm2, the threshold voltage was +0.45 V, and the breakdown voltage was over 325 V. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polymer complexes. XIII. Thermal stability of poly(2‐acrylamidobenzoic acid) homopolymer and polymer complexes of 2‐acrylamidobenzoic acid with transition metals

Complexes of poly(2-acrylamidobenzoic acid) with transition metals were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic and vibration spectroscopy, and magnetic moment measurements. The thermal stabilities of the formed polymer complexes were compared with that of the poly(2-acrylamidobenzoic acid) homopolymer by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energies of the thermal degradation of the polymer complexes were calculated. Komplexe von Poly(2-acrylamidobenzoesaure) mit einigen Ubergangsmetallen wurden hergestellt und mittels Elementaranalyse, UV-vis-und Schwingungsspektroskopie sowie Messungen des magnetischen Momentes charakterisiert. Die thermischen Stabilitaten der polymeren Komplexe wurden durch thermogravimetrische Analyse ermittelt und mit der Stabilitat des Homopolymers Poly(2-acrylamidobenzoesaure) verglichen. Die Aktivierungsenergien des thermischen Abbaus der polymeren Komplexe wurden bestimmt.
Solventes do Primer: revisão de literatura

O aperfeicoamento dos agentes adesivos contendo diferentes solventes e os avancos no tratamento da dentina resultaram em crescentes forcas de adesao entre dentina e resina. O primer de forma isolada ou combinada com o adesivo esta dissolvido em solventes como acetona, alcool e agua. Os solventes respondem pela diluicao do monomero e na evaporacao da agua remanescente na superficie dentinaria facilitando assim a formacao da camada hibrida. Nem agua nem residuos do proprio solvente devem permanecer na intimidade da dentina desmineralizada, pois ambos irao propiciar inadequada polimerizacao dos monomeros resinosos contidos no primer ou na resina fluida, aplicada posteriormente. Diferentes solventes sao responsaveis por diferentes metodologias de aplicacao e formas de tratamento. DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v71i1. 540
Nanocomposites of polyaniline and titania nanoparticles for gas sensors

Nanocomposite polyaniline (PANI) films with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by electrochemical polymerization of aniline with titania added into the solution. The films were prepared for gas sensing applications. Their morphology and electrical resistivity were controlled by voltammetric parameters and aniline concentration. We found that the bottom auxiliary PANI film prepared by chemical polymerization in order to bridge the insulating gaps between the digits of interdigitated electrodes could be omitted because the nanocomposite film grew even in the gaps at certain monomer concentrations. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. FTIR spectra revealed the existence of chemical bonding between the nanoparticles and polymer chains. The films were tested for sensitivity to ammonia. We found that due to titania the sensitivity of the composite film increased two times reaching a 500% change in resistance at application of 100 ppm of ammonia.