Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Data Processing to Mental Organs: An Interdisciplinary Path to Cognitive Neuroscience**

Human brain is a highly evolved coordinating mechanism in the species Homo sapiens. It is only in the last 100 years that extensive knowledge of the intricate structure and complex functioning of the human brain has been acquired, though a lot is yet to be known. However, from the beginning of civilisation, people have been conscious of a ′mind′ which has been considered the origin of all scientific and cultural development. Philosophers have discussed at length the various attributes of consciousness. At the same time, most of the philosophical or scientific frameworks have directly or indirectly implied mind-body duality. It is now imperative that we develop an integrated approach to understand the interconnection between mind and consciousness on one hand and brain on the other. This paper begins with the proposition that the structure of the brain is analogous, at least to certain extent, to that of the computer system. Of course, it is much more sophisticated and complex. The second proposition is that the Chomskyean concept of ′mental organs′ is a good working hypothesis that tries to characterise this complexity in terms of an innate cognitive framework. By following this dual approach, brain as a data processing system and brain as a superstructure of intricately linked mental organs, we can move toward a better understanding of ′mind′ within the framework of empirical science. The one ′mental organ′ studied extensively in Chomskyean terms is ′language faculty′ which is unique in its relation to brain, mind and consciousness.
Remallado en paralelo basado en criterios múltiples

Resumen. Las mallas de superficie generadas a partir de triangulaciones arbitrarias cultivan el interes en investigaciones de Computacion Grafica. Mientras que las aplicaciones de Realidad Virtual requieren mallas con minima cantidad de elementos y buena apariencia, los modelados numericos utilizan mallas con elementos de buena calidad y precision respecto a la malla de referencia. Por consiguiente, es necesario disponer de un proceso robusto y adaptable para la generacion de mallas acordes a una dada metrica. Conjuntamente, el uso de estrategias en paralelo permite reducir los tiempos de calculo, en especial aplicado a mallas de cientos de miles de triangulos. Este trabajo presenta una linea de investigacion que propone un proceso general de generacion de mallas a partir de la combinacion de criterios y utilizando hardware paralelo, entre ellos GPU, como unidad de calculo.
Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs revisited

ABSTRACT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used to treat inflammatory pain for decades. More recently, newer NSAIDs were developed to target the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX), COX-2, with the aim of reducing gastrointestinal toxicity. While the COX-2 selective inhibitors were effective in reducing pain and gastrointestinal harm, they soon were associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Initially, the view emerged that selective inhibition of COX-2, and sparing of COX-1, was responsible for the increased cardiovascular harm observed. However, as more data from different human populations has become available this view has begun to be challenged. This review examines the current understanding of the role of prostaglandins and COX-1 and COX-2, particularly in platelets, the vasculature, and the kidney together with an overview of the cardiovascular and renal safety of both traditional NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors. Available data from active comparator randomized controlled trials, including the data from the PRECISION trial investigating the long term cardiovascular safety of patients exclusively with elevated baseline cardiovascular risk, are presented. The data, when considered holistically, support the idea that all NSAIDs carry some level of cardiovascular risk, be they traditional NSAIDs or COX-2 selective agents. There is also some evidence of heterogeneity of effect with NSAIDs particularly in relation to effects on blood pressure, with no clear demarcation based on the degree of COX-2 selectivity.
Combination of diclofenac plus somatostatin in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background and study aims: Pancreatitis is the most common complication of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and many pharmacoprophylactic approaches have been suggested, though not without controversy. The aim was to investigate the impact of combined therapy with diclofenac plus somatostatin on reducing the frequency and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Patients and methods: A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in two tertiary referral centers, with 540 eligible patients randomized to receive either combined therapy with diclofenac 100 mg rectally 30 to 60 minutes before ERCP plus somatostatin 0.25 mg/h for 6 hours (group A), or a placebo suppository identical in appearance to the diclofenac along with saline solution (group B). Patients were clinically evaluated and serum amylase levels were determined before ERCP and at 6 and 24 hours post-procedure. Standardized criteria were used to diagnose and grade the severity of PEP. Adverse events were recorded prospectively. Results: There were no statistical differences between the groups regarding demographic data, ERCP findings, and procedure risk factors for PEP. The overall incidence of acute pancreatitis was 7.2 %. The PEP rate was significantly lower in the patients who received the combination therapy than in controls (4.7 % vs. 10.4 %, P = 0.015). Previous history of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.001), pancreatic opacification of first-class branches and beyond (P = 0.008), and absence of pharmacoprophylaxis (P = 0.023) were identified as independent risk factors for PEP in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Although combined prophylactic therapy with diclofenac plus somatostatin was promising in reducing frequency of PEP, further comparative large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Evaluation of standardized and applied variables in predicting treatment outcomes of polytrauma patients.

INTRODUCTION Polytrauma is defined as an injury where they are affected by at least two different organ systems or body, with at least one life-threatening injuries. Given the multilevel model care of polytrauma patients within KCUS are inevitable weaknesses in the management of this category of patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the dynamics of existing procedures in treatment of polytrauma patients on admission to KCUS, and based on statistical analysis of variables applied to determine and define the factors that influence the final outcome of treatment, and determine their mutual relationship, which may result in eliminating the flaws in the approach to the problem. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was based on 263 polytrauma patients. Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods were used. Basic statistics were calculated, based on the calculated parameters for the final achievement of research objectives, multicoleration analysis, image analysis, discriminant analysis and multifactorial analysis were used. From the universe of variables for this study we selected sample of n = 25 variables, of which the first two modular, others belong to the common measurement space (n = 23) and in this paper defined as a system variable methods, procedures and assessments of polytrauma patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After the multicoleration analysis, since the image analysis gave a reliable measurement results, we started the analysis of eigenvalues, that is defining the factors upon which they obtain information about the system solve the problem of the existing model and its correlation with treatment outcome. CONCLUSION The study singled out the essential factors that determine the current organizational model of care, which may affect the treatment and better outcome of polytrauma patients. This analysis has shown the maximum correlative relationships between these practices and contributed to development guidelines that are defined by isolated factors.
PRINCIPLES OF COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME

During the American Civil War, Silas Weir Mitchell described a syndrome that occurred in patients who had suffered gunshot injuries to major nerves. Noting that a leading feature was burning pain, he called the condition causalgia. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Paul Südeck, a clinician in Hamburg, Germany, used the newly invented technique of roentgenology to investigate patients with severe pain after injury. He described a post-traumatic pain syndrome with edema, trophic changes, and osteoporosis. In 1979, the AO group advocated open reduction and rigid internal fixation to prevent fracture disease, which was defined as a combination of circulatory disturbance, inflammation, and pain as a result of dysfunction of joints and muscles. In an intriguing vignette, Channon and Lloyd32 noted that finger stiffness after Colles fracture could be either simple or associated with swelling and changes in hand temperature. In the latter case, it did not respond well to physiotherapy. The modern term for the syndrome described in different circumstances by these researchers is complex regional pain syndrome, usually abbreviated as CRPS. CRPS consists of abnormal pain, swelling, vasomotor and
Kinetics of Sulfate and Acetate Uptake by Desulfobacter postgatei

The kinetics of sulfate and acetate uptake was studied in the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfobacter postgatei (DSM 2034). Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were estimated from substrate consumption curves by resting cell suspensions with [35S]sulfate and [14C]acetate. Both sulfate and acetate consumption followed Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. The half-saturation constant (Km) for acetate uptake was 70 μM with cells from either long-term sulfate- or long-term acetate-limited chemostat cultures. The average Km value for sulfate uptake by D. postgatei was about 200 μM. Km values for sulfate uptake did not differ significantly when determined with cells derived either from batch cultures or sulfate- or acetate-limited chemostat cultures. Acetate consumption was observed at acetate concentrations of ≤1 μM, whereas sulfate uptake usually ceased at 5 to 20 μM. The results show that D. postgatei is not freely permeable to sulfate ions and further indicate that sulfate uptake is an energy-requiring process.
Modelos difusos de textura basados en la percepción

La textura, junto con el color y la forma, es una de las caracteristicas de bajo nivel mas importantes en el analisis de imagenes. Sin embargo, tambien es una de las mas dificiles de caracterizar, siendo muy comun para el ser humano el describirla mediante algunas propiedades poco precisas, como la finura/grosor, la direccionalidad, la regularidad o el contraste. En esta Tesis se propone una metodologia para el modelado de textura en base a estas propiedades perceptuales, usando para ello logica difusa. En un primer enfoque, se aborda el modelado de las propiedades perceptuales de textura mediante conjuntos difusos, lo que permite representar la imprecision asociada a la presencia de dichas propiedades. Estos conjuntos difusos se definen sobre el dominio de medidas computacionales de las propiedades de textura, y su funcion de pertenencia se obtiene relacionando los valores calculados a partir de dichas medidas con la percepcion humana de la propiedad correspondiente. Se propone la obtencion tanto de modelos genericos, que pueden ser aplicados aunque no se disponga de ninguna informacion adicional, como de modelos que permiten adaptarse al perfil particular de distintos usuarios o al contexto de la imagen. Asimismo, dentro de este primer enfoque, se propone otra aproximacion difusa que permite representar tanto la imprecision asociada a la propiedad de textura, como la incertidumbre en el grado de pertenencia, empleando para ello conjuntos difusos tipo-2. En un segundo enfoque, se plantea el modelado de las propiedades de textura mediante variables linguisticas, usando terminos similares a los empleados por el ser humano. En este caso, en lugar de emplear un unico conjunto difuso para modelar la propiedad, se realiza una particion difusa sobre el dominio de las medidas computacionales, lo que permite introducir una semantica basada en dicha propiedad. Para obtener esta particion difusa se tiene en cuenta la relacion entre las medidas computacionales y la percepcion humana, tanto para definir el numero de conjuntos difusos como para obtener sus funciones de pertenencia. Al igual que en el primer enfoque, se proponen tanto particiones difusas genericas, como particiones difusas que permiten adaptarse al perfil particular de distintos usuarios o al contexto de la imagen. Para describir la metodologia propuesta en ambos enfoques, se emplea como ejemplo la propiedad de finura/grosor, que es una de las mas importantes en el analisis de textura. Posteriormente, se comprueba que la aplicacion de esta metodologia al resto de propiedades se realiza de forma analoga, obteniendo los modelos correspondientes a las propiedades de contraste y direccionalidad.
Predicting stability and change in loneliness in later life

This study examined potential discriminators of groups of older adults showing different patterns of stability or change in loneliness over 5 years: those who became lonely, overcame loneliness, were persistently lonely, and were persistently not lonely. Discriminant function analysis results showed that the persistently lonely, compared with the persistently not lonely, were more often living alone, widowed, and experiencing poorer health and perceived control. Moreover, changes in living arrangements and perceived control predicted loneliness change. In conclusion, perceiving that one is able to meet social needs is a predictor of loneliness and loneliness change and appears to be more important than people’s friendships. Because the predictors were better able to predict entry into loneliness, results point to the promise of prevention approaches to loneliness interventions.
Food Allergies: The Basics

IgE-associated food allergy affects approximately 3% of the population and has severe effects on the daily life of patients—manifestations occur not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also affect other organ systems. Birth cohort studies have shown that allergic sensitization to food allergens develops early in childhood. Mechanisms of pathogenesis include cross-linking of mast cell– and basophil-bound IgE and immediate release of inflammatory mediators, as well as late-phase and chronic allergic inflammation, resulting from T-cell, basophil, and eosinophil activation. Researchers have begun to characterize the molecular features of food allergens and have developed chip-based assays for multiple allergens. These have provided information about cross-reactivity among different sources of food allergens, identified disease-causing food allergens, and helped us to estimate the severity and types of allergic reactions in patients. Importantly, learning about the structure of disease-causing food allergens has allowed researchers to engineer synthetic and recombinant vaccines.
On the Functional Determination of Lexical Categories

Nous presentons d’abord des donnees de l’anglais et du st’at’imcets (famille salish) qui nous amenent a conclure que les racines doivent etre specifiees pour la valeur de leur categorie lexicale, et ceci independamment du contexte syntaxique ou elles se trouvent. Puis nous examinons la variation parametrique entre les systemes categoriels de l’anglais et du st’at’imcets. En anglais, il y a une correlation entre la categorie fonctionnelle D (determinant) et la presence de N, alors qu'en st’at’imcets il y a une correlation entre D et le statut argumental d’une expression. Nous proposons que la difference principale se situe dans la nature meme des noms. Dans les langues salish, tous les noms sont comptables et donc denotent des ensembles d’individus precis. Par contre, en anglais, tous les noms sont non comptables et sont individualises a l’aide de la categorie fonctionnelle Num (nombre).
The Detection and Empirical Study of Variance Change Points on Housing Prices —Taking Wuhan City Commodity Prices as an Example

Economic system mathematical model often contains multiple variance change points about structure model. In the same mean, we combine the Bayesian method with the maximum likelihood method on the detection of the variance multiple change points. With Bayesian method, we can eliminate extra parameters first, and then use maximum likelihood method to find the change position. So we both can eliminate extra parameters and can avoid the change point on the prior distribution unknown problem. In addition, the benefit of the maximum likelihood method is just needed to find out likelihood density function of the maximal solution in the solution space, thus the variance of multiple change point detection problem is resolved. By making substantial analysis with an example from commodity house prices in Wuhan, three changes of variance are found in all. They correspond to the major structure changes of contemporary property market in Wuhan city. The method is practical and effective as the final results shown. It also has a certain practical significance.
Probing the bright radio flare and afterglow of GRB 130427A with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager

ABSTRACT We present one of the best sampled early time light curves of a gamma-ray burst (GRB)at radio wavelengths. Using the Arcminute Mircrokelvin Imager (AMI) we observed GRB130427A at the central frequency of 15.7 GHz between 0.36 and 59.32 days post-burst. Theseresults yield one of the earliest radio detections of a GRB and demonstrate a clear rise inﬂux less than one day after the -ray trigger followed by a rapid decline. This early time radioemission probably originates in the GRB reverse shock so our AMI light curve reveals the ﬁrstever conﬁrmed detection of a reverse shock peak in the radio domain. At later times (about 3:2days post-burst) the rate of decline decreases, indicating that the forward shock componenthas begun to dominate the light-curve. Comparisons of the AMI light curve with modellingconducted by Perley et al. show that the most likely explanation of the early time 15.7 GHzpeak is caused by the self-absorption turn-over frequency, rather than the peak frequency, ofthe reverse shock moving through the observing bands.Key words: gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 130427A – radio continuum: stars
Hybrid memory architecture for regular expression matching

Regular expression matching has been widely used in Network Intrusion Detection Systems due to its strong expressive power and flexibility. To match multiple regular expression patterns simultaneously, compiling multiple regular expressions into a composite DFA is an intuitive and efficient way. However, traditional memory architecture suffers from the problem of memory explosion for certain complex regular expressions. In this paper, we propose a hybrid memory architecture which inserts marginal logic elements to improve the ability of traditional memory architecture to deal with complex regular expressions. The experimental results demonstrate a significant memory reduction for complex regular expressions.
OBJECTS DETECTION USING GABOR FILTER AND LABELING IN REALTIME ENVIRONMENT

The greatest challenge on monitoring characters from monocular video scene is to track targets under occlusion conditions. The system tracks people from a video sequence and is robust to varied lighting conditions and complex crowded scenes. The method effectively handles small occlusions and invokes a manual tracking procedure under severe occlusions. The system also computes other parameters like velocity, average number of people crossing the region, and maximum. This paper is based on classifications of the features of an object detected using Gabor filter feature extraction techniques in image processing. The feature vector based on Gabor filters used as the input of the classifier, which is a Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) on a reduced feature subspace learned by an approach simpler than Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experimental results on testing large number of images and comparisons with state of the art method. Object detection and recognition has many applications in a variety of fields such as security systems, video conferencing and identification.
Development of a platform for sensing cellular electrical activity using nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamonds

The nitrogen vacancy center (NV) in diamond hosts unique optical properties that allows it to be used for sensing magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature. In addition, the photostability of the NV center and the biocompatibility of diamond suggests the utility of the NV center for biosensing. The dependence of the charge state of the NV center on the local electrochemical environment suggests that the NV center could be used as an optical sensor for electrophysiology. In this thesis, a platform to evaluate the utility of the NV center for voltage sensing is established. First, an electrophysiology setup is built and characterized on HEK293 cells. The setup adds functionality to a home built microscope so that cells can be electrically controlled while simultaneously observing the fluorescence. Second, the staining of neurons with hydrogen-terminated nanodiamonds (NDs) with NV centers is improved. Together, the improved staining of neurons with nanodiamonds along with using the electrophysiology setup to observe modulation forms a platform for future study of the NV center as a voltage sensor. Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Dirk R. Englund Title: Jamieson Career Development Assistant Professor
Ambient Levels of Ozone Reduce Net Photosynthesis in Tree and Crop Species

Experiments were conducted to measure the photosynthetic response of three crop and four tree species to realistic concentrations of ozone and (for tree species only) simulated acidic rain. The ozone concentrations were representative of those found in clean ambient air, in mildly to moderately polluted air such as occurs in much of the United States during the summer, and in more heavily polluted air. However, the highest concentrations of ozone used were lower than those found regularly in the Los Angeles area. The mean pH of the simulated acid rain treatments ranged from more alkaline to much more acidic than the mean pH of precipitation in the United States. Exposure to any increase in ozone reduced net photosynthesis in all species tested. In contrast, acidic rain had no negative effect on photosynthesis in tree species, and no interaction between ozone and acidic rain was observed. Ozone-induced reductions in photosynthesis were related to declines in growth or yield. Species with higher stomatal conductances and thus higher potential for pollutant uptake exhibited greater negative responses to similar ozone treatments. Since exposure to ozone concentrations typical of levels of the pollutant observed in the eastern half of the United States reduced the rates of net photosynthesis of all species tested, reductions in net photosynthesis may be occurring over much of the eastern United States.