Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
De la recherche d'information orientée sytème à la recherche d'information orientée contexte : Verrous, contributions et perspectives

Le cadre general de nos travaux porte sur la recherche d'information (RI), domaine deja ancien (debut des annees 60), qui n'a cesse d'evoluer dans le but de rationaliser le processus complexe permettant l'identification, au sein de volumes de plus en plus importants d'informations, celles qui sont potentiellement interessantes pour l'utilisateur. Cette evolution a ete tout d'abord marquee par l'ere, plus connue sous le nom de RI orientee-systeme, des approches formelles et modeles theoriques permettant l'acces a l'information, assujetties a des methodologies d'evaluation de leur efficacite. Un des courants de recherche ayant marque l'ere suivante, est vehicule par la vision de la RI orientee contexte, qui a essentiellement recentre la conception des SRI autour de l'utilisateur et de son environnement. Les travaux ont se sont alors particulierement interesses a l'interpretation du besoin en information dans le cadre d'une tâche ou d'une situation, de l'interdependance des elements de l'environnement de l'utilisateur et leur impact sur sa perception de la pertinence. Nos travaux s'inscrivent precisement dans le courant de cette evolution de la RI orientee systeme vers la RI contextuelle, visant l'adaptation du processus de recherche d'information pour des utilisateurs specifiques. Cette specificite porte d'une part sur l'utilisateur, qui est au centre de l'activite de recherche d'information et d'autre part sur le contexte de cette activite, caracterise par des dimensions relevant de choix que nous avons effectues. Nos contributions portent sur deux principaux volets. Le premier volet concerne la specification et formalisation d'un modele adaptatif/contextuel (marque par l'evolution de nos objectifs) d'acces a l'information, plus precisement de type texte. Ces travaux se declinent par des investigations diverses, focalisees sur la clarification et formalisation des besoins en information de l'utilisateur, de la modelisation du contexte de recherche puis de son integration dans le modele d'acces a l'information. Ensuite, comme un modele n'est viable que lorsqu'il est reconnu efficace selon des normes et methodologies d'evaluation reconnues, nous nous sommes interesses, dans un second volet, a la definition d'un cadre d'evaluation permettant la validation de nos contributions dans le domaine.
Skolemization in intermediate logics with the finite model property

An alternative Skolemization method, which removes strong quantiers from formulas, is presented that is sound and complete with respect to intermediate predicate logics with the nite model property. For logics without constant domains the method makes use of an existence predicate, while for logics with constant domains no additional predicate is necessary. In both cases an analogue of Hebrand’s theorem is obtained and it is proved that the one-variable fragment of a logic with the nite model property is decidable once the propositional fragment of the logic is. It is also shown that universal constant domain logics with the nite model property have interpolation once their propositional fragment has. For logics without constant domains some of these results, but with far more complicated proofs, have been obtained in (Iemho, 2010).
A broadband low-noise receiver front-end with ultrawide bandwidth

In the paper, a broadband microwave receiver front-end covering the 0.5 to 19.5 GHz frequency band and providing a 1.1-GHz instantaneous bandwidth is described. The noise figure of the front-end is as low as 10 dB and the input third-order intercept point is up to 10 dBm as well. The front-end features a low spurious response and a low phase noise impressed. Essential design principles of the front-end are unveiled and discussed.
Bacterial sensor kinase TodS interacts with agonistic and antagonistic signals

The TodS/TodT two-component system controls expression of the toluene dioxygenase (TOD) pathway for the metabolism of toluene in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E. TodS is a sensor kinase that ultimately controls tod gene expression through its cognate response regulator, TodT. We used isothermal titration calorimetry to study the binding of different compounds to TodS and related these findings to their capacity to induce gene expression in vivo. Agonistic compounds bound to TodS and induced gene expression in vivo. Toluene was a powerful agonist, but ortho-substitutions of toluene reduced or abolished in vivo responses, although TodS recognized o-xylene with high affinity. These compounds were called antagonists. We show that agonists and antagonists compete for binding to TodS both in vitro and in vivo. The failure of antagonists to induce gene expression in vivo correlated with their inability to stimulate TodS autophosphorylation in vitro. We propose intramolecular TodS signal transmission, not molecular recognition of compounds by TodS, to be the phenomenon that determines whether a given compound will lead to activation of expression of the tod genes. Molecular modeling identified residues F46, I74, F79, and I114 as being potentially involved in the binding of effector molecules. Alanine substitution mutants of these residues reduced affinities (2- to 345-fold) for both agonistic and antagonistic compounds. Our data indicate that determining the inhibitory activity of antagonists is a potentially fruitful alternative to design specific two-component system inhibitors for the development of new drugs to inhibit processes regulated by two-component systems.
Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: A systematic review of the evidence*

Objective To examine the relationship between glutamine supplementation and hospital length of stay, complication rates, and mortality in patients undergoing surgery and experiencing critical illness. Data Sources Computerized search of electronic databases and search of personal files, abstract proceedings, relevant journals, and review of reference lists. Study Selection We reviewed 550 titles, abstracts, and articles. Primary studies were included if they were randomized trials of critically ill or surgical patients that evaluated the effect of glutamine vs. standard care on clinical outcomes. Data Extraction We abstracted relevant data on the methodology and outcomes of primary studies in duplicate, independently. Data Synthesis There were 14 randomized trials comparing the use of glutamine supplementation in surgical and critically ill patients. When the results of these trials were aggregated, with respect to mortality, glutamine supplementation was associated with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–1.04). Glutamine supplementation was also associated with a lower rate of infectious complications (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64–1.00) and a shorter hospital stay (−2.6 days; 95% CI, −4.5 to −0.7). We examined several a priori–specified subgroups. Although there were no statistically significant subgroup differences detected, there were some important trends. With respect to mortality, the treatment benefit was observed in studies of parenteral glutamine (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and high-dose glutamine (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53–1.00) compared with studies of enteral glutamine (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.57–2.01) and low-dose glutamine (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.52–2.00). With respect to hospital length of stay, all of the treatment benefit was observed in surgical patients (−3.5 days; 95% CI, −5.3 to −1.7) compared with critically ill patients (0.9 days; 95% CI, −4.9 to 6.8). Conclusion In surgical patients, glutamine supplementation may be associated with a reduction in infectious complication rates and shorter hospital stay without any adverse effect on mortality. In critically ill patients, glutamine supplementation may be associated with a reduction in complication and mortality rates. The greatest benefit was observed in patients receiving high-dose, parenteral glutamine.
Completion axillary lymph node dissection not required for regional control in patients with breast cancer who have micrometastases in a sentinel node.

HYPOTHESIS Completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is not required for regional control in patients with metastases in the sentinel lymph node (SLN). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS Fifty patients with breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery, had an SLN positive for metastasis, and did not undergo completion ALND. INTERVENTIONS Breast-conserving surgery with SLN biopsy, breast irradiation, and systemic therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Locoregional and distant recurrence and survival. RESULTS The mean patient age was 57 years (range, 29-83 years). The mean tumor size was 1.9 cm (range, 0.4-5 cm). The mean number of positive nodes was 1.3 (median, 1; range, 1-2). Fourteen patients (30%) had macrometastases (>2 mm), and 33 patients (71%) had micrometastases. The mean duration of follow-up was 82 months (median, 79 months; range, 6-142 months). One patient with an SLN micrometastasis (1 of 33; 3%) and 1 patient with an SLN macrometastasis (1 of 14; 7%) developed an axillary recurrence with distant metastasis at 84 months and 28 months, respectively. There was 1 death (2%) not related to breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SLN metastases who do not undergo ALND have a low incidence of regional recurrence. Axillary lymph node dissection is not necessary for regional control in patients with micrometastatic disease.
Volumen y función hipocampal en epilepsia del lóbulo temporal medial

Introduccion: La resonancia magnetica funcional (fMRI ) es fundamental en la evaluacion de lenguaje y memoria en pacientes con epilepsia del lobulo temporal. Tambien ha permitido observar como las estructuras de la corteza medial temporal tienen lateralidad funcional de acuerdo con la dominancia del lenguaje, con un hemisferio especializado tanto en los aspectos expresivos y receptivos del lenguaje como en la memorizacion de material verbal. Objetivo: Relacionar la integridad del hipocampo izquierdo con el grado de asimetria de la dominancia del lenguaje vista por fMRI. Materiales y metodos: Mediante resonador de 1,5 T se obtienen imagenes con informacion en T1 volumetricas y EPI con informacion en T2 durante la ejecucion de paradigmas de codificacion de escenas complejas, generacion de palabras y decision semantica en un conjunto de 12 individuos sanos y en diferentes pacientes candidatos a cirugia de epilepsia. Resultados: La volumetria automatizada de los hipocampos del grupo control no muestra asimetria significativa. En los diferentes pacientes con esclerosis hipocampal se obtienen indices numericos que corroboran la implicacion de la integridad del hipocampo izquierdo con los indices de asimetria en las pruebas de lenguaje. Conclusiones: En los resultados de la implementacion del protocolo de memoria y lenguaje por fMRI para pacientes con epilepsia del lobulo temporal se destacan las evidencias obtenidas acerca de la implicacion del hipocampo en la red del lenguaje y el efecto que tiene la afectacion del hipocampo izquierdo en los patrones de migracion del lenguaje hacia el hemisferio contralateral.
A Proposal of Wireless Network Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Mobility

Most wireless networks consist of heterogeneous nodes with diverse characteristics. These heterogeneous nodes have various moving characteristics such as speed and pausing time. Since conventional wireless routing schemes are designed for networks with homogeneous mobility, it is difficult to accomplish communication without degrading its quality, e.g., packet reachability and delay, in networks with heterogeneous mobility. In this paper, we propose efficient extensions of a proactive routing protocol to achieve sufficient communication quality in networks with heterogeneous mobility. The proposed extensions consist of three features, i.e., differential topology update, unidirectional movement notification and link quality based route calculation. Complementary actions among these functions can improve communication quality with acceptable control overhead. Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme can achieve higher packet reachability and lower delay with low control overhead compared with existing routing schemes.
“Apparent” and true charges of partial discharges

The partial discharges in transformer oil are simulated. Here are considered partial discharges in bubbles, inserted in bulk of liquid in cases of electrode systems “plane-plane” and “point-plane”. Computed “true” and apparent charges show that apparent charge is much time less than true charge. More bubble radius - more ratio of apparent charge to true charge. Both charges are close one to other in two cases. First case: bubble size is large enough, namely close to the gap size in case of plane electrodes; second case: the bubble contacts to the electrode. Last case is in “point-plane” electrode system. Experimental and computed data are compared for the point-plane electrode system.
Evaluation of the influence of various nanofillers on the AC breakdown strength of epoxy-based nanocomposites

The dielectric breakdown of polymer nanocomposites is a fundamental value for the design of high voltage applications. Previous measurements on epoxy-based nanocomposites saw a drastic increase of the short-term DC breakdown voltage. In this paper, the AC breakdown voltage is determined for the same materials. Weibull analysis was utilized to calculate the size and shape parameters of the measured values. Compared to the DC breakdown values, the results here are significantly lower due to the different breakdown mechanism that occurs under AC stress.
Glaucoma Associated With Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of the Boston type I keratoprosthesis (KPro) and associated incidence of glaucoma. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Participants: All patients who underwent KPro surgery at 1 institution from 2003 to 2009 with at least 3 months of follow-up. Methods: Preoperative visual acuity, diagnosis, history of glaucoma, and intraoperative and postoperative parameters were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors that may influence increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma development or progression after surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP, postoperative medical and surgical treatments for glaucoma, and KPro retention and complications. Results: Thirty-six KPro procedures were performed in 30 eyes of 29 patients with a mean (±SD) follow-up of 17 ± 19 months (range, 3–67 months). The main indication for KPro implantation was corneal graft failure (77%). Primary KPro procedures were performed in 23% of eyes for limbal stem cell deficiency secondary to chemical burns and aniridia and for herpetic disease. Median preoperative BCVA was hand motions with an overall improvement to 20/330 (range, 20/20 to hand motions) at 9 months postoperatively; mean BCVA was 20/600 (range, 20/40 to NLP) at the last follow-up. Twenty eyes (67%) had a preoperative history of glaucoma, with 8 of those eyes (40%) having undergone previous glaucoma surgery. Twenty-one eyes (70%) underwent concomitant glaucoma surgery. Postoperative increased IOP (22 mm Hg or higher) was noted in 15 eyes (50%), although definite glaucoma development or progression was noted in 7 of those 15 eyes (23% of total eyes). Mean BCVA at the last follow-up in eyes with glaucoma development or progression was 3/200 compared with 20/563 in the remaining 23 eyes. Six patients (20%) required repeat KPro implantation, and retroprosthetic membranes developed in 23 eyes (77%). No patient had vitritis or infectious endophthalmitis develop. Conclusions: The Boston type I KPro is an effective option for management of eyes with poor prognosis for primary or repeat penetrating keratoplasty. Visual potential is limited by preoperative comorbidities; however, glaucoma development or progression of preexisting glaucoma is a significant cause of postoperative visual loss. Rigorous perioperative management of elevated IOP is essential for long-term success of KPro surgery.
A simple method for elimination of unspecific amplifications in polymerase chain reaction.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used widely to detect small quantities of selected DNA sequences, including latent infections by viruses and bacteria. A few or even a single copy of viral or 'target' DNA sequences can be amplified in vitro to a level detectable by gel electrophoresis or Southern blot hybridization (1). Recently, most efforts have been directed towards improving PCR assays that can act as simple but highly sensitive diagnostic tests for detecting crucial pathogenic/prepathogenic nucleic acid markers of malignancy or other diseases. However, an important difficulty often encountered is non-specific amplification and/or very weak amplification of target DNA irrespective of type of specific oligonucleotide primers used. This has led to enormous interlaboratory variations in PCR results. in precancerous and generally carry a report a and for elimination of unspecific amplication while jig of digested and undigested DNA were used for PCR. Amplification was carried out using HPV 16-specific oligo primers (pl.5'-AAGGCCAACTAAATGTCAC-3' and P2.5'-CTGC- TTTTATACTAACCGG-3') from its upstream regulatory region (URR) between nucleotides 7763 and 75-(amplimer 217 bp). The medtod involves 50 Al of reaction mix in 0.5ml Eppendorf tube containing 10 mM Tris-HCI (pH 8.3), 1.5 mM MgCl2, 50 mM KCI, and 75 Ag/ml BSA with deoxyribonucleotides at final concentration of 200 AM each and primers at AM and 2.5 U Taq DNA polymerase (Cetus, USA). The reaction mixture was overlayered with 50 Al of mineral oil (Cetus) and the amplifications were carried out in a DNA Thermal Cycler (Perkin Elmer). Cellular DNA was denatured at 94°C for 5 min, annealed at 55°C for I min followed by extension for 2 min at 72°C. These steps were repeated for 35 additional cycles with denaturation (94°C) for 1 min only. 15 to 20 yd of amplified product was run in 3% Nusieve-agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and photographed under a UV transilluminator. Lanes 1 and 2 are HaeIlH digested 4X174 DNA marker and vector-free HPV 16 DNA respectively.
Comparison of Adaptive, Adaptable and Mixed-Initiative Menus

In this paper we investigate empirically the use of five different interactive menu conditions: adaptable, adaptive split, adaptive/adaptable highlighted, adaptive/adaptable minimised and mixed-initiative menus. The aim of the study is to compare the usability of these five menus, with regard to task accomplishment time and frequency of error-occurrence. In order to carryout this comparative investigation, five menus were built. These were then tested dependently using 30 subjects. Results showed that the adaptive split menu condition was the best overall in terms of efficiency on initial use. The adaptable type was also slower than the adaptive/adaptable highlighted and mixed-initiative menus. The adaptive/adaptable minimised menu was found to be the best in terms of efficiency for the second time of use.
Combined Effects of Intrinsic Facilitation and Modulatory Inhibition of Identified Interneurons in the Siphon Withdrawal Circuitry of Aplysia

Synaptic plasticity can be induced through mechanisms intrinsic to a synapse or through extrinsic modulatory mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the relationship between these two forms of plasticity at the excitatory synapse between L29 interneurons and siphon motor neurons (MNs) in Aplysia. Using isolated ganglia, we confirmed that the L29–MN synapses exhibit a form of intrinsic facilitation: post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). We also found that L29–MN synapses are modulated by exogenous application of 5-HT: they are depressed after 5-HT exposure. We next investigated the functional relationship between an intrinsic facilitatory process (PTP) and extrinsic inhibitory modulation (5-HT-induced depression). First, we found that application of 5-HT just before L29 activation results in a reduction of PTP. Second, using semi-intact preparations, we found that tail shock (TS) mimics the effect of 5-HT by both depressing L29 synaptic transmission and by reducing L29 PTP. Third, we observed a significant correlation between L29 activity during TS and subsequent synaptic change: low-responding L29s showed synaptic depression after TS, whereas high-responding L29s showed synaptic facilitation. Finally, we found that we could directly manipulate the sign and magnitude of TS-induced synaptic plasticity by controlling L29 activity during TS. Collectively, our results show that the L29–MN synapses exhibit intrinsic facilitation and extrinsic modulation and that the sign and magnitude of L29–MN plasticity induced by TS is governed by the combined effects of these two processes. This circuit architecture, which combines network inhibition with cell-specific facilitation, can enhance the signal value of a specific stimulus within a neural network.
The Changed Balance of Regulatory and Naive T Cells Promotes Tolerance after TLI and Anti‐T‐Cell Antibody Conditioning

The goal of the study was to determine how the changed balance of host naïve and regulatory T cells observed after conditioning with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and antithymocyte serum (ATS) promotes tolerance to combined organ and bone marrow transplants. Although previous studies showed that tolerance was dependent on host natural killer T (NKT) cells, this study shows that there is an additional dependence on host CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. Depletion of the latter cells before conditioning resulted in rapid rejection of bone marrow and organ allografts. The balance of T‐cell subsets changed after TLI and ATS with TLI favoring mainly NKT cells and ATS favoring mainly Treg cells. Combined modalities reduced the conventional naïve CD4+ T cells 2800‐fold. The host type Treg cells that persisted in the stable chimeras had the capacity to suppress alloreactivity to both donor and third party cells in the mixed leukocyte reaction. In conclusion, tolerance induction after conditioning in this model depends upon the ability of naturally occurring regulatory NKT and Treg cells to suppress the residual alloreactive T cells that are capable of rejecting grafts.
The Role of Skin-Derived Dendritic Cells in CD8+ T Cell Priming Following Immunization with Lentivectors

Although skin dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to directly present Ag to CD8+ T cells after intradermal immunization with lentivectors, the contribution of the different skin DC subsets to this process remains unclear. Using langerin-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice we demonstrated that ablation of langerhans cells and langerin-expressing positive dermal DCs (Ln+dDCs) did not interfere with the generation of CD8+ T cells by lentiviral vectors. Consistent with these findings, the absence of langerhans cells and Ln+dDCs did not hamper the presentation level of lentiviral-derived Ag by skin DCs in vitro. We further demonstrated that only dDCs and Ln+dDCs were capable of presenting Ag, however, the number of dDCs migrating to the draining lymph nodes was 6-fold higher than that of Ln+dDCs. To study how the duration of DC migration influences CD8+ T cell responses, we analyzed the kinetics of Ag expression at the injection site and manipulated DC migration by excising the injected skin at various times after immunization. A low level of Ag expression was seen 1 wk after the immunization; peaked during week 2, and was considerably cleared by week 3 via a perforin-dependent fas-independent mechanism. Removing the injection site 3 or 5 d, but not 10 d, after the immunization, resulted in a reduced CD8+ T cell response. These findings suggest that dDCs are the main APCs active after intradermal lentiviral-mediated immunization, and migration of dDCs in the initial 10-d period postimmunization is required for optimal CD8+ T cell induction.