Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Asthma and Anxiety Disorders

Objective: This article reviewed the child and adult medical literature on the prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with asthma. Theoretical ideas regarding the relatively high comorbidity rates are presented along with a model describing putative interactions between anxiety disorders and asthma. Method: A search of the literature from the last 2 decades using MEDLINE by pairing the word, “asthma,” with the following words: “anxiety,” “depression,” “panic,” and “psychological disorders. ” We located additional research by screening the bibliographies of articles retrieved in the MEDLINE search. Results: Both adult and child/adolescent populations with asthma appear to have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders. In child/adolescent populations with asthma, up to one third may meet criteria for comorbid anxiety disorders. In adult populations with asthma, the estimated rate of panic disorder ranges from 6.5% to 24%. However, most studies are limited by small samples, nonrepresentative populations, self-reported asthma status, and lack of controlling for important potential confounders such as smoking and asthma medications. There are also limited data on the impact of anxiety comorbidity in patients with asthma on symptom burden, self-care regimens (such as monitoring peak expiratory flow, taking medication, and quitting smoking), functional status, and medical costs. Conclusions: There appears to be a high comorbidity of anxiety disorders in patients with asthma. The prevalence and longitudinal impact of anxiety comorbidity needs to be examined in a large population-based sample of children, adolescents, and adults with asthma. If a high prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorder is documented and if this comorbidity adversely affects the self-efficacy and self-care, symptom burden, and functioning in persons with asthma, then it will be important to develop treatment trials.
The omnidirectional vision sensor for in-vehicle image processing applications

The omnidirectional vision sensor can view the environments around the vehicle. Typical type of this sensor is the fish-eye typed and the convex mirror typed. In this paper, we described approaches to recognize surrounding moving objects with the convex mirror typed omnidirectional vision sensor As a example of recognition method of the vehicle, we tried to observe the radial projection about intensity of the deferential image in time series order. Furthermore, we tried to give surrounding monitoring system as the proper application to the vehicle with the convex mirror type.
The Marketing Blueprint

1. Marketing: An Overview. 2. Marketing Strategy and Planning. 3. Information for Marketing Decisions. 4. Understanding the Marketing Environment. 5. Understanding Buyer Behaviour. 6. Market Segmentation. 7. Market Targeting. 8. Market Positioning. 9. Managing the Marketing Mix. 10. Product Decisions. 11. Pricing Decisions. 12. Promotion Decisions. 13. Place Decisions. 14. Implementing Marketing Strategy. Suggestions for Further Reading. References. Index.
The color purple: milestones in photochemistry

Earlier this year, the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, a venerable institution that was later incorporated into the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, celebrated its 150th anniversary. Asked to deliver a lecture to the distinguished group of physicians and scientists that had assembled to celebrate this historic event, I was struck by the fact that in 1858, when the Infirmary opened its doors to the public, absolutely nothing was known about any aspect of the visual process. There were, to be sure, significant advances in ocular surgery, a growing number of medical treatments for eye disease, and vastly improved recognition of retinal disorders due in no small measure to the arrival two years earlier of Helmholtz’s ophthalmoscope. But knowledge of how the visual signal was generated had not progressed much further than that shown in Descartes’ fanciful cartoon (Fig. 1). The situation changed dramatically some twenty years later, when Franz Boll, a German physiologist working in Rome, removed the retina from the eye of a dark-adapted frog, and reported the color changes he observed as the tissue was exposed to light. Boll had witnessed the light-
E-Business Models Implicit in Comparable American and German Corporate Websites

This paper offers a multi-trajectory framework of ebusiness readiness, and assesses the e-business readiness of selected, comparable German and American companies based on an analysis of their corporate websites. Armed with our framework, we identify the different e-business strategies, or what we call e-business trajectories, theoretically available to the firm and analyze which one it has chosen to pursue in what way and to which degree. We propose a model of e-business strategy and apply it to websites of comparable American and German firms.
Level shifting voltage copier for hybrid electric vehicles

As the number of Plug in hybrid vehicles(PHEVs) are on increase, researches on Multiple input multiple output dc-dc converters have been taken up to increase the efficiency and to improve the lifetime of the batteries. In recent years, multiport dc-dc converters are widely used in PHEVs to enhance the power train electrification. The level shifting multiple input multiple output resonant voltage copier proposed can be implemented especially for parallel hybrid electric vehicles which transmits power from two distinct sources. The summation, subtraction, double, half and inverting circuits are to be studied to implement this dc-dc converter. Each circuit includes only six to seven electronic components therefore ensuring the simplicity and reliability of the voltage copier. The switching losses are reduced by introducing a resonant tank circuit. Therefore a high-efficiency resonant voltage copier circuit is introduced which minimizes the current stress and the pulsation current which are found in the classical circuits. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the resonant voltage copier. The circuit is simulated in MATLAB Simulink.
Theory and Practice of Corporate Governance: An Integrated Approach

Part I. The Discipline of Governance: 1. The landscape and definitions of governance: the major actors 2. Inward-facing governance 3. Outward-facing governance Part II. The Relationship Between Law and Governance: 4. The protection of the laws 5. Critical governance law Part III. Governance and the Listed Company: 6. The development of governance - the Governance Codes 7. The 2007-8 financial crises: the failure of systemic governance 8. Systemic governance: the Turner Review, the Walker Review and the Vickers Commission Part IV. Governance and Regulation: 9. The company and the stock market 10. Non-shareholder regulation of companies 11. Changes in regulatory structures - the PRA, the FCA and the ICB recommendations 12. Failure - the abiding characteristic of regulation 13. Accounting for profits: the root of information asymmetry 14. Reward and performance Part VI. Counter-Governance: Failures of Governance and Corporate Failure: 15. Counter-governance (1): theory 16. Counter-governance (2): abuse of stakeholders 17. Concluding remarks Bibliography Index.
Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques for Coronary Disease in Women

Significant advances in medical treatment, medical technology, and the focus on sex‐specific research have contributed to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality in women. Despite these advances, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death of women in the Western world. In the past 2 decades, the focused research on women at risk for CAD has helped to clarify our understanding of some of the sex‐specific factors that are important in the detection of CAD. In women, the detection and evaluation of physiologically significant CAD can be challenging. Many of the traditional tests that are designed to detect focal areas of coronary artery stenosis are less sensitive and specific in female patients, who have a greater burden of symptoms, higher atherosclerotic burden, and lower prevalence of obstructive coronary disease. In this article, we review the available evidence on the role of contemporary noninvasive diagnostic techniques in the evaluation of women with symptoms of CAD.
Effectiveness of Bare Metal Stent Implantation for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Aneurysm: A Multimodality Imaging Evaluation

Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation is one of the most troublesome problems associated with first-generation drug-eluting stents. However, the natural course and standard therapy of CAA has been unknown. A 49-year-old man underwent SES implantation for the left anterior descending artery. Follow-up coronary angiography (CAG) revealed CAA in the SES. We performed bare metal stent (BMS) implantation for treatment of CAA. Ten months after the BMS implantation, the size of the CAA had diminished, and a very thin layer of endothelium on the BMS was observed by optical coherence tomography. CAG assessment revealed that the blood stream of the CAA had been obstructed. We herein report a case of CAA after SES implantation with eight years of follow-up and the findings of a multimodality imaging evaluation.
Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain II. Amygdala, suprarhinal cortex and entorhinal cortex

The catecholamine (CA) innervation of the posterior basal forebrain, the amygdala, suprarhinal cortex and entorhinal cortex, was studied in the rat using biochemical assay and fluorescence histochemistry. The assay studies demonstrate a moderate norepinephrine (NE) content in the amygdala and entorhinal cortex with a lower value for the suprarhinal cortex. Following destruction of the locus coeruleus, the decrease in NE content of these basal forebrain structures indicates that their principal NE innervation is from locus coeruleus. An additional small NE input arises from the medullary NE neuron groups. Ablation of dopamine (DA) cell groups (substantia nigra‐ventral tegmental area, SN‐VTA) indicates that the DA input to the amygdala arises from the lateral VTA and medial half of the SN.
Ubiquitous Health Care Systems

Information technology helps to improve the quality of health care by disseminating and systematizing knowledge of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques as well as the organization and management of care. Unobtrusive, active, non-invasive technologies, including wearable devices, increasingly allow us to continuously monitor and respond to changes in the health of a patient. Such devices range from micro-sensors, integrated in textiles, through consumer electronics, embedded in fashionable clothes, to bodily-attached (such as belt-worn) personal computers with head mounted displays.
PROBLEMS FACED BY A NEW DESTINATION WHEN TRYING TO ESTABLISH POSITION WITHIN TOURISM MARKETS : Case: Destination Uganda

Author Barbra Bukenya and Sini Luostari Title Problems Faced by a New Destination When Trying to Establish Position within Tourism Markets Year 2013 Language English Pages 47 + 7 Appendices Name of Supervisor Mikael Alaviitala The aim of this thesis is to study how a new destination will be received in the market and the problems it may face when trying to establish tourism market within a destination. The case country used was Uganda and the target group where the Finnish travelers. This work aimed to distinguish between two psychologically different types of tourist reactions towards new destination. Plog’s theory of allocentric and psychocentric traveler types was the basis in this study which deals with psychological side of tourism behaviour and travel motivation factors when traveler chooses the destination. The theory parts also focus on the things that passengers focus on in a new destination and decision making in travel destination of choices. The study was conducted through interviews and analysis of the interviewees' responses and gestures. The interview situation, interviewees were shown two different types of posters, one of which was targeted towards allocentric travellers and the other one towards the psychocentric travellers. The study revealed that the allocentrics are more sensitive on risk taking and prefer travelling to new destinations. Most of the interviewees had experience in travelling and traveled at least twice a year, either on leisure, work or study purposes. The new destinations encounter problems such as foreign currency and price differences, security and policy problems, the language barrier problems, as well as employment-related problems.
An Iontophoretic Fentanyl Patient-Activated Analgesic Delivery System for Postoperative Pain: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

An iontophoretic fentanyl HCl patient-activated transdermal system (fentanyl HCl PATS) is under development for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. The fentanyl HCl PATS is a needle-free, credit card-sized, preprogrammed system that is applied to the patient's upper outer arm or chest. The fentanyl HCl PATS was demonstrated to be superior to placebo in a previous trial; however, the randomization scheme used and the lack of control of entry pain level may have contributed to the lack of robust findings. We compared the fentanyl HCl PATS with placebo for acute postoperative pain management in a larger trial that addressed the limitations of the previous study. Adult patients admitted to the postanesthesia care unit after major surgery were titrated to comfort with opioids and randomized 1:1 to receive the fentanyl HCl PATS 40 &mgr;g or placebo for 24 hours. Supplemental IV fentanyl was available to patients upon request in both treatment groups for the first 3 hours after enrollment. The primary efficacy end-point was the percentage of patients who discontinued participation in the study because of inadequate analgesia. Pain intensity scores, patient global assessments (PGA), and investigator global assessments (IGA) were collected. Four-hundred-eighty-four patients (PATS, n = 244; placebo, n = 240) were enrolled. Fewer patients receiving the fentanyl HCl PATS discontinued because of inadequate analgesia compared with placebo (28.7% versus 60.0%; P < 0.0001). Mean last pain intensity scores were 3.5 and 5.4 for the fentanyl HCl PATS and placebo groups, respectively. Patients (73.4%, PGA) and investigators (72.1%, IGA) considered the fentanyl HCl PATS a good or excellent method of pain control. Treatment-related adverse events were similar between groups. This study demonstrated the superiority of the iontophoretic fentanyl HCl PATS over placebo for acute postoperative pain management.
Stakeholder Perceptions of Contractor Time, Cost and Quality Management on Building Projects

Clients of the construction industry are primarily concerned with the quality, time and cost of construction projects. This paper seeks to explore how the effectiveness of Contractor time, cost and quality management associated with different building procurement systems is perceived by those involved in project teams. A questionnaire survey is used to elicit the opinions of South African clients, contractors and building professionals. The findings indicate that building professionals have little faith in the effectiveness of contractors’ time and quality monitoring and control procedures.
Study of the TCP upstream/downstream unfairness issue with per-flow queuing over infrastructure-mode WLANs

Fairness is an important issue in WLANs due to their shared media nature. Essentially, IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols have been designed to provide fair access for all the competing mobile hosts. However, the fairness at MAC layer cannot be maintained at TCP layer in the presence of both mobile senders and receivers accessing to wired networks. In this paper, we investigate the TCP upstream/downstream unfairness issue over WLANs with per-flow queuing employed at the access point (AP). The interactions between the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and TCP are evaluated through analysis and simulation. Based on the derived analytical model, an efficient solution is proposed to be implemented at the AP for fairness achievement. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A virtual reality system for robot-assisted gait training based on game design principles

With regard to applied game design, the collaboration between game designers, engineers, neuropsychologists and medical doctors has shown that it is important to create interfaces in which the learning process is made enjoyable. Achieving this depends on understanding the limitations of the patients, the hard- and software to hand, and the complexity of therapy from the various disciplinary understandings. The balance between what is ‘fun’ and what are serious needs must not be lost, at the same time, a finely calibrated equilibrium is necessary for developing successful therapeutic tools. Virtual reality games as tools for extended therapy are likely of limited application where the immersive experience cannot be adequately achieved or assessed.
The internal audit function as an auditor persuasion tactic

ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II: BACKGROUND LITERATURE 2.1 Auditor Negotiation with the Client 6 2.2 Auditor Reliance on Internal Auditors 9 CHAPTER III: THEORY AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT 11 3.1 Persuasion: In-Group versus Out-Group 11 3.2 Control Deficiency Evaluations 13 3.3 The Effects of Perceived Message Ambiguity and Group Affiliation on Persuasion 15 CHAPTER IV: METHOD 17 4.1 Participants 17 4.2 Experimental Design 18 4.3 Procedures 19 4.4 Independent Variables 21 4.5 Dependent Variable and Group Identification 24 CHAPTER V: RESULTS 25 5.1 Manipulation Checks 25 5.2 Data Analyses 27 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 31
Creative industries and innovation in a knowledge economy

The cultural and creative industries contribute to the knowledge economy by their role in reproducing cultural knowledge and through provision of entertainment, experience and leisure goods with cultural content, for which they are widely acknowledged as suffering serious market failure problems (Baumol and Bowen, 1966; Throsby and Withers, 1979). But they also contribute to the innovation process, an aspect that has only recently been appreciated. Specifically, the creative industries are a driver of the knowledge economy by their contribution to the innovation process on the demand side of consumer uptake of new ideas and by their facilitation of consumer-producer interaction. The creative industries are, in this respect, a legitimate part of the innovation system of a knowledge economy.
GM-CSF Monocyte-Derived Cells and Langerhans Cells As Part of the Dendritic Cell Family

Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. The criteria to classify the multitude of subsets within the mononuclear phagocyte system are currently phenotype, ontogeny, transcription patterns, epigenetic adaptations, and function. More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in vitro from murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) or human CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes. Conversely, in vitro GM-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived Mphs largely resemble MoDCs whereas tissue-resident Mphs show a common embryonic origin from yolk sac and fetal liver with Langerhans cells (LCs). The novel ontogenetic findings opened discussions on the terminology of DCs versus Mphs. Here, we bring forward arguments to facilitate definitions of BM-DCs, MoDCs, and LCs. We propose a group model of terminology for all DC subsets that attempts to encompass both ontogeny and function.
Convertible Preferred Stock, Antidilution Clause, and Venture Capital Finance

This article uses a contingent-claims method to investigate how the provision of antidilution clause combined with the issuance of convertible preferred stock affect the entrepreneur’s incentive to exert efforts to improve the prospects of the operation of an investment project. For plausible parameter values, we find that the issuance of preferred stock induces the entrepreneur to declare bankruptcy earlier when either the size of uncertainty is larger, or the bankruptcy cost is smaller; which are opposite to the results that found in the straight bond model of Jou and Lee (2004). Furthermore, under the provision of an antidilution clause and assuming that the costs of exerting efforts are negligible, the entrepreneur will be more willingly to exert his efforts to increase the expected growth rate, or reduce the volatility of cash-inflow of the investment project, rather than reducing the upright investment cost upon investment, although all the three strategies can increase the entrepreneur’s expected value.
Transport and Logistics basics in the context of new sanitation concepts

For the development of new sanitation concepts there exist basically two objectives: On one side the trial to reach the MDGs regarding water. This means the need for save water and sanitation has to be halved by 2015, which involves in the case of sanitation at least 400,000 new systems a day (Mara & Alabaster 2007), mainly in developing countries. On the other side we want to gain a more sustainable approach in regions, where water distribution and wastewater management systems already are established. For this later case the development of new systems allows additionally the opening of new markets and thus new and positive effects for their economy. Since the two objectives for new sanitation concepts mentioned above lead to quite different needs and approaches in planning and since they also require different techniques, in the following it is referred to systems for category I (implementation of sanitation system required) and category II (up-scaling of existing sanitation system). While new sanitation concepts promise solutions in both cases, one of the big challenges in both cases is the implementation of new concepts in larger cities. Herefore many different aspects have to be considered, of which transport and logistics is one. For the development of each new system positive economics are a strong driving force. To underline the potential of new sanitation concepts, we try to avoid terms as waste. Instead we often speak of products in general (meaning e.g. faecal matter or urine) which can be converted to new products (e.g. fertilizing product). For each product raw material is needed, also transport, conditioning, and distribution. A few examples of this simplified setup are shown in Table 1. When developing new systems only some obstacles can be predicted while even more will arise throughout the process. In case of new sanitation concepts the need and research for different treatment methods was obvious. At the same time, it became clear, that also the involvement of the users as stakeholder group had to be considered. This is mainly done by integrating them into the
Internationalising to create firm specific advantages:leapfrogging strategies of U.S. pharmaceutical firms in the 1930s and 1940s & Indian pharmaceutical firms in the 1990s and 2000s

Internationalisation is a useful strategy to gain firm specific advantages during periods of technological discontinuity. The pharmaceutical industry offers us two such episodes as examples: when the antibiotics revolution was beginning and when the possibilities of genetic routes to new drug discovery were realised. This paper compares the strategies adopted by laggard U.S. firms scrambling to gain capabilities in antibiotics, and Indian firms equally eager to acquire positions in new biotechnology based drugs and shows that both groups used internationalisation strategies to gain technological advantages and build up their firm specific advantages.