Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as an AIDS-defining condition in a patient with high CD 4 + T-lymphocyte count Leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva como condição definidora de AIDS em paciente

We present the case of a 31-year-old man with acute manifestation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) as an AIDS-defining disease. The patient presented with a three-day history of neurological disease, brain lesions without mass effect or contrast uptake and a slightly increased protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. A serological test for HIV was positive and the CD4+ T-cell count was 427/mm3. Histological examination of the brain tissue revealed abnormalities compatible with PML. The disease progressed despite antiretroviral therapy, and the patient died three months later. PML remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients.
GenieTutor: A Computer Assisted Second-Language Learning System Based on Semantic and Grammar Correctness Evaluations.

This paper introduces a Dialog-Based Computer-Assisted secondLanguage Learning (DB-CALL) system using semantic and grammar correctness evaluations and the results of its experiment. While the system dialogues with English learners about a given topic, it automatically evaluates the grammar and content properness of their English utterances, then gives corrective feedback on grammar and semantics. The system consists of a non-native optimized speech recognition module and a semantic/grammar correctness evaluation based tutoring module. The tutoring module decides to continue the dialogue or asks learners to try again by evaluating semantic correctness of their utterances, and also gives them turn-by-turn semantic and grammatical corrective feedback. The semantic correctness evaluation consists of a 2-classes classifier for the ‘pass or try again’ and a 6-classes classifier for semantic corrective feedback, using the domain knowledge and language model. The grammatical correctness is evaluated by a hybrid grammatical error correction system composed of four approaches: a rule-based, a machine learning-based, an n-gram based, and an edit distance based approach. In the experiments, in which 30 subjects in a real environment took part, we acknowledged that the ‘pass or try again’ evaluation has a success rate of 97.5%, the semantic feedback classification has a success rate of 87.8%, and the precision and recall for grammar error correction are 79.2% and 60.9%, respectively. 1. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Korea; ohwoog@etri.re. kr 2. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Korea; leeky@etri.re. kr 3. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Korea; kimyk@etri.re. kr 4. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Korea; yklee@etri.re. kr How to cite this article: Kwon, O. -W. , Lee, K. , Kim, Y. -K. , & Lee, Y. (2015). GenieTutor: a computer assisted second-language learning system based on semantic and grammar correctness evaluations. In F. Helm, L. Bradley, M. Guarda, & S. Thouesny (Eds), Critical CALL – Proceedings of the 2015 EUROCALL Conference, Padova, Italy (pp. 330-335). Dublin: Research-publishing.net. http://dx.doi. org/10.14705/rpnet.2015. 000354
Dielectrophoretic isolation of DNA and nanoparticles from blood

The ability to effectively detect disease‐related DNA biomarkers and drug delivery nanoparticles directly in blood is a major challenge for viable diagnostics and therapy monitoring. A DEP method has been developed which allows the rapid isolation, concentration and detection of DNA and nanoparticles directly from human and rat whole blood. Using a microarray device operating at 20 V peak‐to‐peak and 10 kHz, a wide range of high molecular weight (HMW)‐DNA and nanoparticles were concentrated into high‐field regions by positive DEP, while the blood cells were concentrated into the low‐field regions by negative DEP. A simple fluidic wash removes the blood cells while the DNA and nanoparticles remain concentrated in the DEP high‐field regions where they can be detected by fluorescence. HMW‐DNA could be detected at 260 ng/mL, which is a detection level suitable for analysis of disease‐related cell‐free circulating DNA biomarkers. Fluorescent 40 nm nanoparticles could be detected at 9.5 × 109 particles/mL, which is a level suitable for monitoring drug delivery nanoparticles. The ability to rapidly isolate and detect DNA biomarkers and nanoparticles from undiluted whole blood will benefit many diagnostic applications by significantly reducing sample preparation time and complexity.
A comparison of Wharton's jelly and cord blood as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes cell therapy.

AIM In this study, we investigated the differences between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs) and Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) as sources of diabetes mellitus cell therapy. METHODS After isolation, both cell types were induced to differentiate into insulin producing cells, then the differentiated cells were assessed genetically and functionally. UCB-MSCs and WJ-MSCs were transplanted in the tail veins of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels were monitored post-transplantation. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Wharton's jelly was more homogeneous, can better differentiate into insulin producing cells in vitro and better control hyperglycemia in diabetic rats in vivo, as compared with UCB. These results indicate that WJ-MSCs represent a potential source of cells in the field of diabetes mellitus cell therapy.
Impact of dry eye disease and treatment on quality of life

Purpose of review Recent increased awareness of dry eye disease (DED) by both clinicians and patients has been accompanied by improved recognition that it is a chronic disorder often requiring long-term management. DED, frequently associated with symptoms of discomfort and visual disturbance, also impairs quality of life (QoL), including aspects of physical, social, and psychological functioning. This review summarizes the available research on the impact of DED and its treatment on measures of QoL. Recent findings A relative dearth of data supporting the effectiveness of DED treatments as assessed by QoL measures exists. Both cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% and hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic inserts have been associated with improvements in Ocular Surface Disease Index scores, a disease-specific measure of QoL, and with enhancement of patients' ratings regarding their ability to perform activities of daily living. Summary Because there is a lack of concordance between symptoms and diagnostic measures of DED, QoL measures provide clinicians a valuable tool for assessing the burden of disease as well as response to treatment. Such measures should be employed in clinical practice and in future trials of treatment modalities.
Impact of California Children’s Power Play! Campaign on Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Physical Activity among Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Students

Purpose. Examine the impact of the Children’s Power Play! Campaign on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA). Design. Study design was a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Setting. Forty-four low-resource public schools in San Diego County, California, were included in the study. Subjects. Study subjects comprised a total of 3463 fourth/fifth-graders (1571 intervention, 1892 control), with an 86.9% completion rate. Intervention. Throughout 10 weeks, activities were conducted during/after school, including weekly FV/PA lessons and PA breaks; biweekly classroom promotions/taste tests; posters displayed in/around schools; and weekly nutrition materials for parents. Measures. Self-reported FV intake (cups/d) and PA (min/d) were collected at baseline and follow-up using a diary-assisted, 24-hour dietary recall and Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist. Analysis. Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographics and cluster design effects were used, with change as the dependent variable. Results. Intervention children, compared with controls, showed gains in daily FV intake (.26 cups, p < .001) and PA time at recess/lunch (5.1 minutes, p = .003), but not total daily PA minutes. Conclusion. Power Play! can help schools and community organizations improve low-income children’s FV intake and PA during recess/lunch.
New Approach to Noninvasive Coronary Angiography by Multidetector Computed Tomography: Initial Experience Using Gadolinium

Objective: To investigate the gadolinium performance for 16-detector-row coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. Methods: Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Ten patients with coronary artery disease underwent digital coronary angiography and gadolinium-enhanced CT coronary angiography (Gd-CTCA) within the same week. For the Gd-CTCA, each patient received a dose of 0.3 mmol/kg of body weight of 0.5 mmol/mL gadoterate meglumine. Two readers interpreted the CT angiographies independently, and their results were matched with the digital angiography findings. The diagnostic accuracy of Gd-CTCA was calculated by the exact binomial method. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were for observer 1: 91.67%, 98.73%, 84.62%, and 99.36%, and for observer 2: 83.33%, 98.73%, 83.33%, and 98.73%, respectively. Conclusion: Preliminary results demonstrated that gadolinium chelates may be used as an alternative CT contrast media in coronary CT angiographies, without detriment to diagnosis results.
Lymph Node Stromal Cells Support Dendritic Cell-Induced Gut-Homing of T Cells1

T cells are imprinted to express tissue-specific homing receptors upon activation in tissue-draining lymph nodes, resulting in their migration to the site of Ag entry. Expression of gut-homing molecules α4β7 and CCR9 is induced by retinoic acid, a vitamin A metabolite produced by retinal dehydrogenases, which are specifically expressed in dendritic cells as well as stromal cells in mucosa-draining lymph nodes. In this study, we demonstrate that mesenteric lymph node stromal cell-derived retinoic acid can directly induce the expression of gut-homing molecules on proliferating T cells, a process strongly enhanced by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Therefore, cooperation of sessile lymph node stromal cells with mobile dendritic cells warrants the imprinting of tissue specific homing receptors on activated T cells.
Macroecology of Australian Tall Eucalypt Forests: Baseline Data from a Continental-Scale Permanent Plot Network

Tracking the response of forest ecosystems to climate change demands large (≥1 ha) monitoring plots that are repeatedly measured over long time frames and arranged across macro-ecological gradients. Continental scale networks of permanent forest plots have identified links between climate and carbon fluxes by monitoring trends in tree growth, mortality and recruitment. The relationship between tree growth and climate in Australia has been recently articulated through analysis of data from smaller forest plots, but conclusions were limited by (a) absence of data on recruitment and mortality, (b) exclusion of non-eucalypt species, and (c) lack of knowledge of stand age or disturbance histories. To remedy these gaps we established the Ausplots Forest Monitoring Network: a continental scale network of 48 1 ha permanent plots in highly productive tall eucalypt forests in the mature growth stage. These plots are distributed across cool temperate, Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates (mean annual precipitation 850 to 1900 mm per year; mean annual temperature 6 to 21°C). Aboveground carbon stocks (AGC) in these forests are dominated by eucalypts (90% of AGC) whilst non-eucalypts in the understorey dominated species diversity and tree abundance (84% of species; 60% of stems). Aboveground carbon stocks were negatively related to mean annual temperature, with forests at the warm end of the temperature range storing approximately half the amount of carbon as forests at the cool end of the temperature range. This may reflect thermal constraints on tree growth detected through other plot networks and physiological studies. Through common protocols and careful sampling design, the Ausplots Forest Monitoring Network will facilitate the integration of tall eucalypt forests into established global forest monitoring initiatives. In the context of projections of rapidly warming and drying climates in Australia, this plot network will enable detection of links between climate and growth, mortality and carbon dynamics of eucalypt forests.
Medicaid Pregnancy Termination Funding and Racial Disparities in Congenital Anomaly–Related Infant Deaths

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether state restrictions on Medicaid funding for pregnancy termination of anomalous fetuses could be contributing to the black–white disparity in infant death resulting from congenital anomalies. METHODS: Data on deaths resulting from anomalies were obtained from U.S. vital statistics records (1983–2004) and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2003–2007). We conducted an ecological study using Poisson and logistic regression to explore the association between state Medicaid funding for pregnancy terminations of anomalous fetuses and infant death resulting from anomalies by calendar time, race, and individual Medicaid status. RESULTS: Since 1983, a gap in anomaly-related infant death has developed between states without compared with those with Medicaid funding for pregnancy termination (rate ratio in 2004 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.24; crude risks: 146.8 compared with 121.7/100,000). Blacks were significantly more likely than whites to be on Medicaid (60.2% compared with 29.2%) and to live in a state without Medicaid funding for pregnancy termination (65.8% compared with 59.6%). The increased risk of anomaly-related death associated with lack of state Medicaid funding for pregnancy termination was most pronounced among black women on Medicaid (relative risk 1.94, 95% CI 1.52–2.36; crude risks: 245.5 compared with 129.3/100,000). CONCLUSION: States without Medicaid funding for pregnancy termination of anomalous fetuses have higher rates of infant death resulting from anomalies than those with funding, and this difference is most pronounced among black women on Medicaid. Restrictions on Medicaid funding for termination of anomalous fetuses potentially could be contributing to the black–white disparity in anomaly-related infant death. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
C-reactive protein levels in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF cycle.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine serum and follicular fluid C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for IVF-embryo transfer cycle, and their possible correlation to COH variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS The subjects were 16 consecutive patients undergoing our routine IVF long GnRH agonist protocol. Blood was drawn three times during the COH cycle: (i) the day on which adequate suppression was obtained (Day-S); (ii) the day of, or prior to HCG administration (Day-HCG); and (iii) the day of (and before) oocyte pick-up (Day-OPU). Levels of sex steroids and serum and follicular fluid CRP were compared among the three time points. Serum and follicular fluid CRP were measured with a commercial immunoturbidimetric assay. RESULTS Serum levels of CRP were significantly higher on Day-OPU and Day-HCG than on Day-S, and significantly higher on Day-OPU than on Day-HCG. No difference was observed between follicular and serum CRP levels on Day-OPU. No significant correlations were found between serum and follicular fluid CRP, or between serum CRP-to-BMI ratio and serum sex steroid levels or IVF treatment variables. CONCLUSIONS The significant increase in serum CRP levels during COH, especially after HCG administration, suggests that COH potentiates a state of systemic inflammation.
Genes of Hippo signaling network act unconventionally in the control of germline proliferation in Drosophila

Hippo pathway and its related genes are required for growth control in various somatic tissues. The mutations of Hippo pathway components lead to tissue overgrowth cell‐autonomously. Surprisingly, when we generated germline mutant clones of Hippo‐network genes such as fat, expanded, hippo, salvador, and warts, we did not observe any overgrowth of these mutant cells. Consistently, overexpression of the progrowth gene yorkie, which is normally inhibited by Hippo signaling, did not lead to germline overgrowth either. In contrast to previous studies in epithelial tissues, these tumor suppressor genes are dispensable in germline cells for their proliferation control. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expanded functions nonautonomously to regulate spermatogonial proliferation. It appears that expanded acts from the somatic support cells surrounding the germline to restrict spermatogonial amplification. Developmental Dynamics 237:270–275, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overcoming Barriers to Successful Epilepsy Management

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Report on Epilepsy Surveillance among Adults, it is estimated that 61.5% of American adults with a history of epilepsy report having had more than one seizure in the month prior to the survey. Thirty-five percent reported not having seen a neurologist or an epilepsy specialist. Moreover, individuals with epilepsy were likely to report poorer health, had higher rates of unemployment, and have had significantly worse healthrelated quality-of-life than individuals with other chronic medical conditions. Despite neuroscience advances providing a better understanding of the spectrum of epilepsy morbidity and mortality, and a plethora of therapeutic options, it appears that limited progress has been made on the overall well-being of the patient with epilepsy.
Magnetite: Behavior near the Single-Domain Threshold

Maximum values for the single-domain threshold d0 and superpara-magnetic threshold d8 in pure magnetite are found to be 570�50 and 350�50 angstroms, respectively. Particles larger than do but smaller than about 0.25 micron have size-dependent saturation remanences and coercive forces like those of multidomain particles, but intense and stable thermoremanent magnetization like that of single-domain particles. The presence of magnetite grains in this size range could account for the essentially single-domain character of stable natural remanence in many volcanic and intrusive rocks.
Noninferiority Trials in Second-Line Treatments of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review of Literature With Meta-analysis of Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials

Background:To assess the role of the novel second-line treatments in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis of phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was independently performed by 3 authors. All the trials comparing any novel treatment with every-3-weeks docetaxel (3WD) and designed as noninferiority trial were included in the analysis. One-year survival rate (SR) was the primary end point, and quality of life and safety represented the secondary end points. Results:Four RCTs met the selection criteria. The outcomes of 3355 patients were analyzed in the pooled analysis. No heterogeneity was documented in the primary analysis either including all the trials or analyzing separately gefitinib and the chemotherapeutic alternatives to 3WD. The cumulative odds ratio was 0.927 (P=0.313) for 1-year SR, 0.889 (P=0.323) for the chemotherapeutic alternatives to 3WD and 0.953 (P=0.616) for gefitinib. The experimental arms showed a significant advantage in quality of life in the cumulative analysis (odds ratio=1.623, P=0.01) and in the subgroup of patients treated with gefitinib (odds ratio=1.962, P<0.001); a better safety profile for the experimental arm was observed in the cumulative analysis and in the subgroups of alternative chemotherapies or gefitinib. Conclusion:All the noninferiority trials demonstrated the noninferiority of pemetrexed, oral topotecan, or gefitinib in 1-year SR (primary end point), but the improvement in overall survival remains modest. The improvement in quality of life and safety (secondary end points) represents the main value of these treatments, whose aim is mainly palliative.
Peroneal nerve paralysis in the cat and dog: an experimental study.

The effects of peroneal neurectomy at different nerve levels in the dog and cat are described. The resultant limb paralyses were considerably improved by the application of a muscle relocation technique, transferring either the long digital flexor or caudal tibial muscle. The results of combined peroneal and tibial neurectomy as well as nerve root sectioning (L6, L7) are also described.
Interaction study of SSVEP and P300 in electroencephalogram

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a noninvasive measurement of electrical activities produced by the firing of neuros within the brain. In a specially designed experiment, usually in which a large number of identical stimuli are presented repeatedly Event-related potential (ERP) can be extracted by averaging EEG epochs together. Since ERP is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory or cognitive event, it has been widely used in the research fields of neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology, and has important application in Brain computer interface (BCI). Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) are cerebral cortex responses to a repetitive visual stimulus oscillating at a constant frequency, and P300 component evoked by a rare, random, task-relevant stimulus. Although there have been many attempts in extraction and analysis of P300 and SSVEP, most of the traditional ERP paradigms only evoke one kind of EEG pattern for the subsequent studies, and up to now there is no work to focus on the interaction of SSVEP and P300. In this work, we present a new ERP paradigm that involves signal-detection task in frequency flashing stimulation, which would generate P300 and SSVEP simultaneously. By analysis of the feature of SSVEP and P300 in spatial and temporal modals, the interactions of SSVEP and P300 are presented: there are mutual effects between the P300 and SSVEP SSVEP stimuli increase the amplitude and delay the latency of P300, while P300 task reduces the power of SSVEP. This study has potentially important application in the development of hybrid BCI, and help to cognitive science, psychology research.
A theorem on hyperhypersimple sets

Let be the class of recursively enumerable (r.e.) sets with infinite complements. A set M ϵ is maximal if every superset of M which is in is only finitely different from M. In [1] Friedberg shows that maximal sets exist, and it is an easy consequence of this fact that every non-simple set in has a maximal superset. The natural question which arises is whether or not this is also true for every simple set (Ullian [2]). In the present paper this question is answered negatively. However, the main concern of this paper is with demonstrating, and developing a few consequences of, what might be called the “density” of hyperhypersimple sets.