Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of the Skins of Egyptian Water Buf- falo (Bubalus bubalis) and One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The current work focuses on studying the histomorphological characterizations of the skin of Egyptian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and onehumped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Therefore, few in depth histological, morphometric and immunohistochemical comparative studies are so far available. This study was carried out on the skin specimens of fourteen adult, male Egyptian water buffaloes and one-humped camels (seven/each). Buffalo's skin showed several histological similarities with that of camel, but there were some histomorphometric and immunohistochemical differences. In spite of being the epidermis of buffalo significantly thicker than in camel, the horny layer of camel's skin was significantly thicker than buffalo, in addition, it appeared laminar and weavy, while that of buffalo appeared compact. Hair follicles were more numerous in camel than in buffalo while sweat glands had larger diameter in buffalo. The secretory epithelium of the sweat glands varied from cuboidal with central nuclei in buffalos to columnar with basal nuclei in camels. Immunohistochemically, vimentin and melanosome were overexpressed in camels than buffaloes. It is concluded that buffalo's skin was thicker than camel, which put it up for the production of skin quality requirements of the leather industry. However, higher vimentin content in camel skin may suggest higher tensile strength than in buffalo. Furthermore, it is reported that over-
Intelligence test solving through eye-movements and mouse-movements

Among intelligence tests, Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) are used to assess reasoning and problem-solving capabilities in adult humans through series of items of increasing difficulty. Each item is defined by a 3x3 matrix of pictograms whose spatial structure follows logical rules. One pictogram is always missing, and the participant must find the correct pictogram among 8 proposed answers. Classically, performance is based on the number of correct responses given by the participant. Yet, research has shown that performance is correlated to the strategies used to solve the items (Carpenter et al., 1990; Vigneau et al., 2006). Two extreme strategies can be defined and measured through eye-tracking: constructivism (inferring the rules from the matrix) vs. elimination (screening the answers for the most probable one). In the present work, we investigated whether the observed impact of visual active sampling on performance was specific to the test design or could be altered by constraining the interactions with the test items. For this purpose, we developed a computerized dynamic version of the RAPM test, with additional mouse interactivity options to select the visible pictograms: 1) full matrix and answers visible at all times (original design), 2) answers hidden and matrix made visible by clicking on it (and reciprocally), 3) a single line of the matrix or all answers visible at once, 4) three user-selected pictograms of the matrix or the answers visible at once. We previously replicated results from the literature by statistically predicting performance from mouse-movements. Nevertheless, the four experimental conditions allow to go further by studying how much of the eye-movement patterns are transferred to mouse-movements (e.g. due to differences in timing and motor cost), and how both types of movements are coordinated and integrated into the overall participant behavioral strategy.
Semantic Segmentation of Geometric Primitives in Dense 3D Point Clouds

This paper presents an approach to semantic segmentation and structural modeling from dense 3D point clouds. The core contribution is an efficient method for fitting of geometric primitives based on machine learning. First, the dense 3D point cloud is acquired together with RGB images on a mobile handheld device. Then, RANSAC is used to estimate the presence of geometric primitives, followed by an evaluation of their fit based on classification of the fitting parameters. Finally, the approach iterates over successive frames to optimize the fitting parameters or replace a detected primitive by a better fitting one. As a result, we obtain a semantic model of the scene consisting of a set of geometric primitives. We evaluate the approach on an extensive set of scenarios and show its plausibility in augmented reality applications.
This review presents a domain-oriented view of the lateral organisation of the fungal plasma membrane, emphasizing on recent advances in the partitioning mechanisms of proteins into distinct compartments and their physiological significance.

The plasma membrane (PM) performs a plethora of physiological processes, the coordination of which requires spatial and temporal organization into specialized domains of different sizes, stability, protein/lipid composition and overall architecture. Compartmentalization of the PM has been particularly well studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where five non-overlapping domains have been described: The Membrane Compartments containing the arginine permease Can1 (MCC), the H+-ATPase Pma1 (MCP), the TORC2 kinase complex (MCT), the sterol transporters Ltc3/4 (MCL), and the cell wall stress mechanosensor Wsc1 (MCW). Additional cortical foci at the fungal plasma membrane are the sites where clathrin-dependent endocytosis occurs, the sites where the external pH sensing complex PAL/Rim localizes, and sterol-rich domains found in apically-grown regions of fungal membranes. In this review we summarize knowledge from several fungal species regarding the organization of the lateral PM segregation. We discuss the mechanisms of formation of these domains, and the mechanisms of partitioning of proteins there. Finally, we discuss the physiological roles of the best-known membrane compartments, including the regulation of membrane and cell wall homeostasis, apical growth of fungal cells, and the newly emerging role of MCCs as starvation-protective membrane domains.
Using multi-scale and hierarchical deep convolutional features for 3D semantic classification of TLS point clouds

ABSTRACT Point cloud classification, which provides meaningful semantic labels to the points in a point cloud, is essential for generating three-dimensional (3D) models. Its automation, however, remains challenging due to varying point densities and irregular point distributions. Adapting existing deep-learning approaches for two-dimensional (2D) image classification to point cloud classification is inefficient and results in the loss of information valuable for point cloud classification. In this article, a new approach that classifies point cloud directly in 3D is proposed. The approach uses multi-scale features generated by deep learning. It comprises three steps: (1) extract single-scale deep features using 3D convolutional neural network (CNN); (2) subsample the input point cloud at multiple scales, with the point cloud at each scale being an input to the 3D CNN, and combine deep features at multiple scales to form multi-scale and hierarchical features; and (3) retrieve the probabilities that each point belongs to the intended semantic category using a softmax regression classifier. The proposed approach was tested against two publicly available point cloud datasets to demonstrate its performance and compared to the results produced by other existing approaches. The experiment results achieved 96.89% overall accuracy on the Oakland dataset and 91.89% overall accuracy on the Europe dataset, which are the highest among the considered methods.
An alternative AUG codon in segment 5 of the 2009 pandemic influenza A virus is a swine-derived virulence motif

The 2009 influenza A virus (IAV) pandemic (pdm2009) was caused by a swine H1N1 virus with several atypical genetic features. Here, we investigate the origin and significance of an upstream AUG (uAUG) codon in the 5’-untranslated region of the NP gene. Phylogeny indicated that the uAUG codon arose in the classical swine IAV lineage in the mid 20th Century, and has become fixed in the current triple reassortant, variant pdm2009 swine IAV and human pdm2009 lineages. Functionally, it supports leaky ribosomal initiation in vitro and in vivo to produce two isoforms of NP: canonical, and a longer “eNP”. The uAUG codon had little effect on viral gene expression or replication in vitro. However, in both murine and porcine models of IAV infection, removing the uAUG codon gene attenuated pdm2009 virus pathogenicity. Thus, the NP uAUG codon is a virulence factor for swine IAVs with proven zoonotic ability.
Effects of irrigation with treated wastewater on nutrient distribution in cucumber and tomato plants and their fruit quality

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater on the nutrient distribution in cucumber and tomato plants and their fruit quality. Irrigation with treated wastewater promoted tomato growth significantly, but had definite inhibition effect on cucumber growth. After the irrigation with treated wastewater, the nitrogen in plants had the characteristics of upward translocation, potassium was easily to be accumulated in cucumber leaf but not accumulated in tomato root, and sodium was mostly accumulated in root but less enriched in leaf, not giving damage to the plants. No significant effects were observed on the distribution of calcium, magnesium, and chlorine in plants. Under the irrigation with treated wastewater, the overall quality of cucumber and tomato fruits was less affected. The nitrate concentration in cucumber and tomato fruits was increased by 5.3% and 32.9%, respectively, but still lower than the state food safety standard of China.
DYESTUFFS REMOVAL FROM SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER WITH CHITOSAN, CROSS-LINKED CHITOSAN AND CHITOSAN-POLY (ACRYLIC ACID) CONJUGATE

Remazol Brillant Blue R (RBBR) ve Naphtol Blue Black (NBB) boyar maddeleri tekstil endustrisinde yayg i n olarak kullan i lmaktad i r. Bu cal i s mada, RBBR ve NBB boyar maddeleri kitosan, capraz ba g l i kitosan ve kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) (PAA) konjugat i ile giderildi. Capraz ba g l i kitosan ve kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) konjugat i mikrodalga enerjisi kullanarak s i ras i yla 15 ve 30 dakikada sentezlendi. RBBR boyar maddesi kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) konjugat i ile pH: 4.0 ve pH: 5.0’te s i ras i yla % 70.23 ve % 80.78 giderildi. NBB ve RBBR capraz ba g l i kitosan ile kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) konjugat i na gore daha yuksek bir yuzde ile giderildi. NBB ve RBBR boyar maddeleri kitosan ve capraz ba g l i kitosan kullan i larak yakla s i k olarak % 100 boya giderme yuzdesi ile ba s ar i l i bir s ekilde giderildi.
A Beauveria bassiana strain naturally parasitizing the bee predator Vespa velutina in France

: Vespa velutina is a hornet predator of bees that was accidentally introduced in Europe from China in 2004. Since its arrival, it expanded through Europe, impacting both biodiversity and beekeeping. As there are currently no biological alternatives to chemical treatment of V. velutina nests, we need more studies on the development of potential biological control methods. We present here a further description of an indigenous strain of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana that was discovered naturally parasitizing a foundresses of V. velutina in France. The genus was identified by its macro and micro morphological characteristics and the specie by molecular techniques. It growing preferences were described according temperature conditions, and the potential in using such entomopathogens as a biological control agent against V. velutina was also discussed here, first at least to replace currently occurring direct chemical treatments, and then potentially to be integrated in future Trojan horse strategies.
Maternal glucocorticoids promote offspring growth without inducing oxidative stress or shortening telomeres in wild red squirrels

ABSTRACT Elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels in breeding females may induce adaptive shifts in offspring life histories. Offspring produced by mothers with elevated GCs may be better prepared to face harsh environments, where a faster pace of life is beneficial. We examined how experimentally elevated GCs in pregnant or lactating North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) affected offspring postnatal growth, structural size and oxidative stress levels (two antioxidants and oxidative protein damage) in three different tissues (blood, heart and liver) and liver telomere lengths. We predicted that offspring from mothers treated with GCs would grow faster but would also have higher levels of oxidative stress and shorter telomeres, which may predict reduced longevity. Offspring from mothers treated with GCs during pregnancy were 8.3% lighter around birth but grew (in body mass) 17.0% faster than those from controls, whereas offspring from mothers treated with GCs during lactation grew 34.8% slower than those from controls and did not differ in body mass around birth. Treating mothers with GCs during pregnancy or lactation did not alter the oxidative stress levels or telomere lengths of their offspring. Fast-growing offspring from any of the treatment groups did not have higher oxidative stress levels or shorter telomere lengths, indicating that offspring that grew faster early in life did not exhibit oxidative costs after this period of growth. Our results indicate that elevations in maternal GCs may induce plasticity in offspring growth without long-term oxidative costs to the offspring that might result in a shortened lifespan. Summary: Experimental increases in glucocorticoids in breeding female North American red squirrels affects offspring postnatal growth but not levels of oxidative damage and antioxidants or telomere lengths.
Parallel evolution in Marquesan partulid land snails

Partulid land snails of the genus Samoana inhabiting the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia exist as two distinct types, the «thick-shelled» and «thin-shelled» species. The two types differ in size, shell-thickness, pigmentation of the shell and mantle, stickiness of the mucus, and length of the tentacles. A study of variation in allozymes indicates that the species form a monophyletic group, within which the differences between the two types have twice evolved independently, once in the northern islands and at least once in the south. In the Society Islands the two suites of characters are found in both Partula and Samoana, where there is evidence of at least four other independent derivations of the two types. The thin-shelled species consistently tend to occur at the higher altitudes (above 200 m). These cases of parallel evolution argue strongly that the complexes of associated characters have arisen through natural selection.
Attitudes Towards Face-To-Face Meetings in Virtual Engineering Teams: Perceptions from a Survey of Defence Projects

Modes of communication used in virtual defence projects have changed dramatically over the years with tools such as e-mail and video-conferencing dominating face-to-face (FTF) meetings. We conducted a survey at a defence firm with an aim to test current attitudes towards FTF meetings - with respect to significant problems faced, project success, transfer of technical requirements, preference for FTF vis-a-vis virtual meetings, differences between virtual and co-located environments, criticality of various forms of communication, and whether FTF meetings were scheduled as often as desired. Our survey participants, about one hundred in number, were experienced engineers, technicians, and program managers - working in a virtual product development team at a defence firm. The results suggest that despite significant advances in virtual communication technologies, FTF meetings remain critical and cannot be eliminated from defence firms. Further, it is also clear that FTF meetings can play a significant role in reducing chances of miscommunication.
A biogeographic review of Parahebe (Scrophulariaceae)

Abstract Distribution maps and notes are given for the 41 species of Parahebe sensu lato . The genus occurs in New Zealand, south-east Australia and New Guinea, with greatest diversity in New Zealand, especially in the Spenser Mountains region of South Island. A group of species with ciliate floral discs is found in north-east South Island, and also in eastern Papua New Guinea. This outer Australasian arc distribution is attributed to the group having originated before the break-up of Gondwana. Within New Zealand the P. calarractae complex shows disjunction along the Alpine Fault, a plate boundary of the transform type. The disjunction is attributed to massive lateral displacement on the Fault during Tertiary time pulling apart plant populations. Parahebe sect. Paniculatae is newly described. The following new combinations are made: Parahebe brevistylis, P. macrantha, P. macrantha var. brachyphylla, P. raoulii, P. r. subsp. maccaskillii, P. r. subsp. pentasepala, P. lavaudiana, P. hulkeana, P. nivea, P. arenaria, P. velutina, P. blakelyi, P. arcuata, P. derwentiana subsp. maideniana, P. d. subsp. homalodonta, P. d. subsp. anisodonta and P. d. subsp. subglauca .
Polarella glacialis genomes encode tandem repeats of single-exon genes with functions critical to adaptation of dinoflagellates

Dinoflagellates are taxonomically diverse, ecologically important phytoplankton in marine and freshwater environments. Here, we present two draft diploid genome assemblies of the free-living dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis, isolated from the Arctic and Antarctica. For each genome, guided using full-length transcriptome data, we predicted >50,000 high-quality genes. About 68% of the genome is repetitive sequence; long terminal repeats likely contribute to intra-species structural divergence and distinct genome sizes (3.0 and 2.7 Gbp). Of all genes, ∼40% are encoded unidirectionally, ∼25% comprised of single exons. Multi-genome comparison unveiled genes specific to P. glacialis and a common, putatively bacterial, origin of ice-binding domains in cold-adapted dinoflagellates. Our results elucidate how selection acts within the context of a complex genome structure to facilitate local adaptation. Since most dinoflagellate genes are constitutively expressed, Polarella glacialis has enhanced transcriptional responses via unidirectional, tandem duplication of single-exon genes that encode functions critical to survival in cold, low-light environments.
Trajectories from Snapshots: Integrated proteomic and metabolic single-cell assays reveal multiple independent adaptive responses to drug tolerance in a BRAF-mutant melanoma cell line

The determination of individual cell trajectories through a high-dimensional cell-state space is an outstanding challenge, with relevance towards understanding biological changes ranging from cellular differentiation to epigenetic (adaptive) responses of diseased cells to drugging. We report on a combined experimental and theoretic method for determining the trajectories that specific highly plastic BRAFV600E mutant patient-derived melanoma cancer cells take between drug-naïve and drug-tolerant states. Recent studies have implicated non-genetic, fast-acting resistance mechanisms are activated in these cells following BRAF inhibition. While single-cell highly multiplex omics tools can yield snapshots of the cell state space landscape sampled at any given time point, individual cell trajectories must be inferred from a kinetic series of snapshots, and that inference can be confounded by stochastic cell state switching. Using a microfludic-based single-cell integrated proteomic and metabolic assay, we assayed for a panel of signaling, phenotypic, and metabolic regulators at four time points during the first five days of drug treatment. Dimensional reduction of the resultant data set, coupled with information theoretic analysis, uncovered a complex cell state landscape and identified two distinct paths connecting drug-naïve and drug-tolerant states. Cells are shown to exclusively traverse one of the two pathways depending on the level of the lineage restricted transcription factor MITF in the drug-naïve cells. The two trajectories are associated with distinct signaling and metabolic susceptibilities, and are independently druggable. Our results update the paradigm of adaptive resistance development in an isogenic cell population and offer insight into the design of more effective combination therapies.
Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of aquaporins in salt cress (Eutrema salsugineum)

Aquaporins (AQPs) serve as water channel proteins and belong to major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) family, functioning in rapidly and selectively transporting water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Importantly, AQPs have been shown to play a critical role in abiotic stress response pathways of plants. As a species closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, Eutrema salsugineum has been proposed as a model for studying salt resistance in plants. Here we surveyed 35 full-length AQP genes in E. salsugineum, which could be grouped into four subfamilies including 12 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 11 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nine NOD-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), and three small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) by phylogenetic analysis. EsAQPs were comprised of 237–323 amino acids, with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 24.31–31.80 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) value of 4.73–10.49. Functional prediction based on the NPA motif, aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger’s position and specificity-determining position suggested quite differences in substrate specificities of EsAQPs. EsAQPs exhibited global expressions in all organs as shown by gene expression profiles and should be play important roles in response to salt, cold and drought stresses. This study provides comprehensive bioinformation on AQPs in E. salsugineum, which would be helpful for gene function analysis for further studies.
Primary Splenic angiosarcoma a case report and literature review

Primer dalak anjiosarkom nadir gorulen , sik metastaz yapabilen ,kotu prognozlu, agresif bir neoplazidir. Tumor hucreleri endotelyal markerlar (CD31, CD34, and faktor VIII) ile guclu pozitiflik gostermektedir.Erken donemde asemptomatik oldugu icin hastalar ancak rastlantisal olarak veya karin ici kanama bulgulari gibi nedenlerle gec donemde tani alabilmektedir.Erken tani ve cerrahi girisim en etkili tedavi yontemidir.Kabul edilen tedavi yontemi splenektomidir.Bu calismada klinigimize karin agrisi ile basvuran ve primer dalak anjiosarkom tanisi alan hasta literatur esliginde degerlendirilmistir.
Comparison of obesity prevalence across 28 world masters games sports

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