Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONTAMINATION OF THE LAIRAGE OF A PORK ABATTOIR WITH SALMONELLA SPECIES

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the lairage of a pork abattoir on different days of the week and to investigate the effect of daily wash- ing routines and disinfection procedures on contamination levels with Salmonella spp. In total, 359 swabs were collected from lairage pen floors at three time points during the course of two slaughter days. All samples were analysed quantitatively. On day 1 (Monday), following cleaning and disinfection, 6% of samples were positive for Salmonella spp. On day 2 (Thursday), lairage pens were subjected to cold water washing in between batches of pigs; 44% of samples were positive for Salmonella spp. The number of positive samples isolated increased significantly over the course of the slaughter week (P <0.001). Quantitative analysis revealed that the numbers of salmonellae rose from <0.46 organisms/100cm2 to levels of approximately 4 organisms/100cm2 over the course of the week.
Phytophthora pinifolia sp. nov. associated with a serious needle disease of Pinus radiata in Chile

During the course of the past three years, a new disease of Pinus radiata, referred to as ‘Dano Foliar del Pino’ (DFP) has appeared in the Arauco province of Chile and subsequently spread to other areas. The disease is typified by needle infections, exudation of resin at the bases of the needle brachyblasts and, in younger trees, necrotic lesions in the cambium, which eventually girdle the branches. The disease causes the death of young seedlings and mature trees can also succumb after a few years of successive infection, probably hastened by opportunistic fungi such as Diplodia pinea. Isolations on selective medium for Phytophthora spp. led to the consistent isolation of a Phytophthora sp. from needle tissue. DNA sequence comparisons for the ITS rDNA and cox II gene regions, and morphological observation showed that this oomycete represents a previously undescribed species for which the name Phytophthora pinifolia sp. nov. is provided. This new species is characterized by unbranched sporangiophores, and non-papillate, sub-globose to ovoid sporangia that are occasionally free from the sporangiophore with medium length pedicels. Despite using a number of oospore inducing techniques, oogonia/antheridia were not observed in isolates of P. pinifolia. Pathogenicity trials with P. pinifolia showed that it is pathogenic to P. radiata and causes rapid death of the succulent apical parts of young plants. Phytophthora pinifolia is the first Phytophthora known to be associated with needles and shoots of a Pinus sp. and its aerial habit is well matched with the occurrence and symptoms of DFP in Chile.
For Review O nly 1 Sex-specific reproductive behaviours and paternity in free-ranging Barbary 1 macaques ( Macaca sylvanus ) . 2 3

LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.
Ethics in the Hospitality Industry: Review and Research Agenda

Practitioners in the hospitality sector rate ethics as one of the most important issues faced by the industry. Manyscholars argue that the hospitality sector is open to frequent unethical practices. Managers and employees, due tointensive face-to-face interactions with clients, confront many ethical dilemmas in their day-to-day operations.Previous research confirms that a positive ethical climate nurtures a healthy organization by increasing managerand employee job satisfaction, enhancing customer experience, and increasing the organization’s profit. Despiteits crucial role, studies on ethics in the hospitality industry are limited compared to those undertaken in the moregeneral business area. This manuscript reviews the literature on ethical perceptions and practices amonghospitality managers, employees and students (future professionals), and proposes a research agenda. This criticreview intends to increase awareness and knowledge on the importance of this issue and give some orientationsfor scholars towards several important topics for future research in the area of hospitality ethics.
Effect of Storage Period and Treatment on the Composition and Digestibility of Olive Pomace in Cattle

Utilizing local by-products can serve to significantly reduce the current feed costs for ruminant producers. The objective of this study is (1) to evaluate the effects of chemical and bacterial inoculants in combination with ensiling, on the nutritional value and ensiling compatibility of olive pomace (OP) and (2) to identify the most biologically favorable treatment and ensiling day of OP for feeding to cattle. Freshly centrifuged OP (Olivas de Oro Olive Company, Creston, CA) was treated with one of four treatments: (1) no additives (control; CONT); (2) urea applied at 5% of DM (UREA; Agrium U.S. Inc, Loveland, CO); (3) SiloSolve MC (SS; a mixture of Enterococcus faecium M74, Lactococcus lactis SR3.54, and Lactobacillus plantarum CH6072 applied at 1.5 x 10 5 cfu/g of fresh forage; Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark); (4) SiloSolve MC applied at the same rate as treatment 3 with calcium oxide (CAO; Flinn Scientific, Batavia, IL) applied at 5% of DM. Treated OP was ensiled in quintuplicates into 20-L laboratory silos with vents, which were sealed for 2, 10, 60, and 120 d in a completely randomized design. At 0 d, DM was 2 and 5% higher for UREA and CAO, respectively, while ash and pH were highest for CAO. Fat tended to be higher for SS and CP was highest for UREA by 60 d (23.8%). CAO had significantly lower fiber portions, ethanol and yeasts ( P < 0.05), and higher acetic acid than CONT. No significant differences were observed at 12 and 24 h in situ compared to CONT, yet at 48 h, NDFD was greatest for CONT and SS ( P < 0.001). Lactic acid increase with prolonged ensiling with UREA having the highest content at 120 decreased for CONT, SS, and CAO. SS contained the most LAB (8.5 log cfu/ fresh g). Yeasts, molds, and sugars significantly decreased with ensiling. In conclusion, OP was determined to be a viable nutritional source for ruminants given its chemical composition and effective preservation after 120 d of ensiling that could be improved with chemical and bacterial inoculants.
Milk mid-infrared spectra enable prediction of lactation-stage-dependent methane emissions of dairy cattle within routine population-scale milk recording schemes

Mitigating the proportion of energy intake lost as methane could improve the sustainability and profitability of dairy production. As widespread measurement of methane emissions is precluded by current in vivo methods, the development of an easily measured proxy is desirable. An equation has been developed to predict methane from the mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of milk within routine milk-recording programs. The main goals of this study were to improve the prediction equation for methane emissions from milk MIR spectra and to illustrate its already available usefulness as a high throughput phenotypic screening tool. A total of 532 methane measurements considered as reference data (430 ± 129 g of methane/day) linked with milk MIR spectra were obtained from 165 cows using the SF6 technique. A first derivative was applied to the MIR spectra. Constant (P0), linear (P1) and quadratic (P2) modified Legendre polynomials were computed from each cows stage of lactation (days in milk), at the day of SF6 methane measurement. The calibration model was developed using a modified partial least-squares regression on first derivative MIR data points × P0, first derivative MIR data points × P1, and first derivative MIR data points × P2 as variables. The MIR-predicted methane emissions (g/day) showed a calibration coefficient of determination of 0.74, a cross-validation coefficient of determination of 0.70 and a standard error of calibration of 66 g/day. When applied to milk MIR spectra recorded in the Walloon Region of Belgium (≈2 000 000 records), this equation was useful to study lactational, annual, seasonal, and regional methane emissions. We conclude that milk MIR spectra has potential to be used to conduct high throughput screening of lactating dairy cattle for methane emissions. The data generated enable monitoring of methane emissions and production characteristics across and within herds. Milk MIR spectra could now be used for widespread screening of dairy herds in order to develop management and genetic selection tools to reduce methane emissions.
Performance and Evaluation of Portfolio of Mutual Funds

The basic approach of any kind of investor is to handle and minimize the risk and increase their profits. It is common fact that to manage the risk is not to have all eggs in a basket in monetary markets and this saying is familiar as diversification. The diversifications need decision regarding which basket to have which eggs and how much eggs should have in the basket. The lack of financial expertise in the context of mutual funds for making investment in markets has introduced mutual funds with the state of mind of financial experts. The experts of financial markets have only advantage since the fact that it is always win-win situation for them who donâ€™t know about investment and decreasing the risk via managing funds in effective way by bigger portfolios and sufficient amount of money. As the mutual fund industry of Pakistan expanded with some pace in first decade of this century and due to this reason the performance evaluation of this industry become critical and hot topic. The study aims to measure the performance of Pakistani mutual fund industry from 2014 to 2017. There are total 233 mutual funds operating in the mutual industry of Pakistan, out of 233 mutual funds, total 45 mutual funds were selected for the study; 23 mutual funds were from equity while only 22 mutual funds were selected form money market. Sharpe ratio was used to measure the risk-adjusted performance of mutual funds and the Sharpe ratio in both equity funds and money market funds are positive, thus indicating that funds managers have the ability to diversify investment to decrease the risk.
Architecture of a harmonized model of the growing pig for the determination of dietary net energy and protein requirements and of excretions into the environment (IMS Pig)

The model incorporates, amongst its novel components, variable efficiency coefficients in the simulation of the responses of growing pigs to nutrient inputs, and thereby increases the accuracy and efficacy of control of feeding and nitrate excretion. The model determines (rather than is presented with) net energy and required amino acid level and balance. The estimation of protein turn-over as a function of rate of protein retention, protein mass and the maturity of the pig was found to be central to both the energy (ATP) and protein economy. Protein turn-over varied from around 0·14 to 0·08 of the protein mass depending upon the size of the pig. Efficiencies of energy yield from lipid, starch (and sugar), protein and (fibre-derived) volatile fatty acids were calculated to be 0·98, 0·86, 0·56 and 0·58 for ATP production and 0·90, 0·70, 0·50, and 0·44 for lipid retention, respectively. The maximum efficiency of use of ileal digestible amino acids was determined as around 0·85. The energy cost of protein synthesis was equivalent to 4·2 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg, and the efficiency of use of ME for protein retention varied from 0·55 to 0·40 depending on the protein mass of the pig. The components of the model and the biochemical drivers are described in detail, and proof of principle of the main elements is presented. The model is different in its architecture to other published simulation models, and is considered to add to the present knowledge base in this discipline.
Assessment of Shallow Landslide Initiation Areas Using stochastic Modelling: The Vernazza Torrent Case Study, Liguria, Italy

The objective of this study is the assessment of potential failure zones of landslides in unstable areas. For this purpose, two different stochastic classification models were used: A boosted decision tree approach with TreeNet (TN), and a bagging decision tree approach with Random Forests (RF). Both topographic and soil parameters were considered as predictor variables for training and testing the models. We assume that several predictor variables will lead to misclassification and incorrectness, especially soil parameters. Hence, the misclassification of these particular predictors should be avoided, using the strategy of tree boosting. The investigated area is the hydrological basin of Vernazza in Cinque Terre, Northwest Italy. A disastrous flash flood on the 25th of October 2011 with numerous landslides caused fatalities and economic losses amounting to millions of Euros. We mapped landslide areas in the field and checked the resulting maps with high resolution remote sensing images. Furthermore, the relevant soil parameters were collected based on a geostatistical approach. We measured topographic parameters, and physical and hydrological soil characteristics such as maximum shear strength under saturated and unsaturated conditions, and hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and attributed random points in three distinguished classes: i) initiation areas, representing the most likely failure areas for possible landslides, ii) transport areas which were considered as a mix of classes 1 and 3, and iii) stable areas, such as valley bottom, ridges, and unconditionally stable areas. We ran both models with a training dataset (0.8 of the total points Ntot) and a test dataset (0.2 of Ntot) and each with 2000 grown decision trees. We validated the models with a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve integral. The regionalized results of the TreeNet dataset yielded potential susceptible landslide areas of a total area of 1.74 km², which is 29.74% of the total area. In contrast, the Random Forests model classified a much greater susceptible area (84.27% of the total area). The results show that Treenet is outperforming RF. The latter misclassifies especially the soil related variables, whereas TreeNet yields robust model results.
Comparison of Free Surface Capturing Approaches in OpenFOAM for Ship Resistance Prediction

The prediction of calm water ship resistance by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has matured considerably in recent years. For displacement ships, accurate prediction of the free-surface is normallyreasonably robust, provided the mesh resolution is sufficient. For more complex situations, such as for high speed vessels where spray becomes important or when in situations where the transom is only partially dry on medium speed ships, the numerical schemes to be used are still in development; even more so perhaps if ship motions and ocean waves are considered. Thus, in the open source package OpenFOAM, there are a wide range of options to choose from when setting up the free-surface simulation, all with different impact on performance. Thus, in the present study, free-surface prediction by different interface capturing are presented for the KCS (KRISO Container Ship) hull resistance simulation. Focus is on some of the options available in OpenFOAM, but also the commercial package Star-CCM+ has been investigated. All simulations have been performed by considering incompressible RANS and the k − ωS S T turbulence model.
Asteroid Rendezvous Mission Design Using Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization

A new preliminary trajectory design method for asteroid rendezvous mission using multiobjective optimization techniques is proposed. This method can overcome the disadvantages of the widely employed Pork-Chop method. The multiobjective integrated launch window and multi-impulse transfer trajectory design model is formulated, which employes minimum-fuel cost and minimum-time transfer as two objective functions. The multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is employed to locate the Pareto solution. The optimization results of two different asteroid mission designs show that the proposed approach can effectively and efficiently demonstrate the relations among the mission characteristic parameters such as launch time, transfer time, propellant cost, and number of maneuvers, which will provide very useful reference for practical asteroid mission design. Compared with the PCP method, the proposed approach is demonstrated to be able to provide much more easily used results, obtain better propellant-optimal solutions, and have much better efficiency. The MOPSO shows a very competitive performance with respect to the NSGA-II and the SPEA-II; besides a proposed boundary constraint optimization strategy is testified to be able to improve its performance.
Compatible solutes in different organs of mangrove trees

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Compatible solutes in different organs of mangrove trees M. Popp, J. Polania
Assessment of the use of cassava as alternative energy feedstuff in livestock feeds in Nigeria

Cassava is an important crop in the tropics. It contains about 92.2 percent carbohydrates and 3.2 percent protein in its dry matter. However, there is a dearth of information on the current trend of cassava and cassava products as alternative energy feedstuff for the livestock industry. This study was conducted in three states of southwest Nigeria on the use of cassava as alternative energy feedstuff in livestock feeds. Simple random technique was used to select a total of 35 feedmillers in Ogun, Oyo and Osun States. Primary data were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result revealed that over one-third (38.35%) of the feedmillers had been in business for over 20years and 90% majorly produce feed for poultry birds. Out of the four common energy feedstuffs utilized in livestock feeds, maize was considered by the majority (93.55%) as the most preferred while 16.13% of the respondents used cassava as enegry feedstuff in the formulated rations. Feed millers (35.48%) rarely make use of cassava in their feed production while 38.71% never included cassava in the feeds. About 20% of the respondents use less than 5tons of cassava in their feed formulation per day. High cost, high water content and spoilage were main factors reported to be militating against cassava utilization by the feedmill industry. The study concluded that yield and processing method should be improved upon, if cassava is to compete favourably with maize and be a preferred future feedstuff for livestock.
Strengthening Educational Leadership

The Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC), under the auspices of the Council of Chief State School Officers, and in cooperation with the National Policy Board for Educational Administration, developed a framework for redefining school leadership through standards for educational leaders. This paper describes the central elements of the ISLLC design for educational leadership and provides a preliminary look at systemic leadership in action, starting with a description of the infrastructure that supports the ISLLC's work. The changing environment surrounding schooling and postindustrial conceptions of education are considered. The third section of this paper translates the ISLLC understanding of educational leadership into a set of standards that can be used to strengthen school leadership throughout the educational system. The final section discusses early progress in connecting the standards for strategies for creating effective school leaders. The standards that emerged are for a school administrator who: (1) facilitates the development, implementation, and stewardship of learning shared by the school community; (2) promotes the success of all students through a school culture and instructional program conducive to student learning; (3) promotes the success of all through ensuring management, operations, and resources for a safe, efficient, and effective learning environment; (4) promotes the success of all students by acting with integrity, fairness, and in an ethical manner; and (5) promotes the success of all students by understanding, responding to, and influencing the larger political, social, economic, legal, and cultural context. Ways in which these standards are being implemented are discussed. (Contains 31 references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Series Title Reputation , Risk , and Race : Exploring Racial and Ethnic Difference in Personal Contact Use and Receipt of Proactive Assistance Permalink

I used the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality to explore whether and to what extent reputation, measured as spotty work history, job-hopping, and previous incarceration, helps to explain why blacks are less likely than Latinos and whites to find work through personal contacts and why the assistance they do receive from job contacts is less proactive on average. Results reveal that racial differences in reputation are relatively minor, and so these do little to explain why the odds of personal contact use and receipt of proactive assistance are lower among blacks. There is evidence, however, that a stigma of race is operating during the job matching process and leading to lower rates of assistance for blacks. For instance, Latino and white jobhoppers are more likely to be matched to their jobs by personal contacts than their black counterparts, suggesting that blacks are less likely to get help than their white and Latino counterparts with similar reputations. The one exception to this is with regard to ex-offender status where black ex-offenders are more likely than their white counterparts to be assisted. This finding, however, can also be explained through a racial stigma framework. Finally, although reputation also helps to explain the odds of receiving proactive assistance, and although Latino ex-offenders are significantly more likely to be assisted proactively than are blacks, reputation does little to explain why blacks are less likely to receive proactive assistance. The implications of these findings are discussed.