Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Morbidity Associated with Fibreoptic Tracheal Intubation underGeneral Anaesthesia with and without use of Muscle Relaxant

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of laryngeal morbidity after fibre optic tracheal intubation performed under general anaesthesia with versus without muscle relaxant in patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures. Design: Prospective, Randomised. Patients: 100 patients scheduled for elective neurosurgical procedures of age between 15 and 60 years. Intervention: Patients were assigned to one of the two Groups [Group MR (with muscle relaxant) or Group Non- MR (without muscle relaxant)]. After confirmation of adequate mask ventilation under General Anesthesia, patients received either intravenous Rocuronium 1mg/kg (Group MR) or Saline (Group Non-MR) prepared in identical syringes and same volume. Measurements: The number of attempts before successful intubation and their duration, number of failures, total intubation time, and events during the whole procedure were recorded. On the first postoperative day, an experienced blinded ENT surgeon assessed hoarseness and vocal cords by oral/indirect laryngoscopy. Data are presented as mean (SD) or number (%). Results: Fifty two patients were in Group MR and 48 patients were in Group Non-MR. The two groups were comparable with respect to age, sex and weight of the patients. Hoarseness was observed in 50% of patients in the MR group vis a vis 54.2% patients in the Non-MR group (p=0.95). Vocal cord sequelae were seen in 27% of patients in Group MR and 50% of patients in Group Non-MR (p<0.018). Conclusion: We conclude that although vocal cord sequelae associated with fibreoptic intubation with the use of muscle relaxant is significantly lower than without muscle relaxant, there is not much of difference observed in overall laryngeal morbidity. Authors recommend using muscle relaxant while doing fibre optic tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia, unless contraindicated so that the intubation is easier, better tolerated and associated with less laryngeal morbidity.
A New Pilot Sequence Insertion Method for Channel Estimation Based on STBC MIMO OFDM System

: In this paper, a pilot based channel estimation for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with space time block coding is studied. The MIMO-OFDM system is used to boost the high data rates and reduces the inter carrier interferences (ICI). The amalgam of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides admirable data rate in wireless channel. In multiple input multiple output system and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system, the channel state information is very acceptable. So channel state information sometime caviling the capability of the system and the correct signal cannot receive properly at the receiver side. So the training sequences are sending along with the data to achieve the good and efficient data at the receiver side. There are various method to insert the pilot with the data. The training pilot symbols are sending along with the data symbols at the time interval. In order to reduce the training cycle, there is iterative method used to insert the pilot symbols. The given method shows that the mean square method and bit error rate is reduced and it gives better MSE and BER.
Macroeconomic Forecasting: Debunking a Few Old Wives' Tales

The forecasting profession, especially when producing forecasts intended to support economic policy, does not currently enjoy a good reputation. Complaints are sometimes voiced about its lack of scientific discipline, which in turn implies that the forecast results may be viewed as arbitrary. At other times, it is the excessively mechanical nature of the forecasting process which is criticised, on the grounds that it prevents a proper evaluation of any information concerning changes that alter the functioning of the economic system. Moreover, the use of structural models is often deemed superfluous, or even dangerous, and reduced forms are suggested as a preferable alternative. Drawing on the actual forecasting experience at the Bank of Italy, this paper argues that these views stem largely from a biased perception of how forecasting works, what it consists of and which goals it pursues. In particular, forecasting does not simply amount to producing a set of figures: rather, it aims at assembling a fullyfledged view – one may call it a "story behind the figures" – of what could happen: a story that has to be internally consistent, whose logical plausibility can be assessed, whose structure is sufficiently articulated to allow one to make a systematic comparison with the wealth of information that accumulates as time goes by. This implies that the forecasts are not the result of a black-box process that completely lacks discipline; neither are they the outcome of a purely mechanical process that cannot take new information into account. This paper tries to show that forecasting can be rigorous, not mechanical, informative, and useful even in the face of unprecedented situations.
Human Capital and the Recent Decline of Earnings Inequality in Brazil *

Earnings inequality has started to decrease in Brazil in recent years, after remaining very high for decades. We describe this decline using a flexible decomposition technique and assess the contributions of education and experience. We conclude that the main factors leading to the reduction of inequality in Brazil are the drop in education earnings differentials and the decline in the dispersion within demographic groups. The paper demonstrates the powerful impact that education can have on reducing inequality.
GENECOLOGY OF DOUGLAS-FIR IN A WATERSHED IN THE OREGON CASCADES'

To gain insight into genetic microstructure of subregional populations of coastal Doug- las-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii), genetic variability in a population found on a 6100-ha, central Oregon watershed is described. Genotypic values of 193 parent trees located throughout the watershed were estimated from progeny grown in a common garden. Then, genetic variation was partitioned into components attributable to parent-tree location and to differences among trees within locations. Within-location variation appeared to be homogeneous in the watershed; between-location variation was related to topography, but the patterns of trait variation differed depending on the trait measured. Growth traits exhibited strong gradients with elevation, but the relationship varied depending on position within the watershed. Based on estimates of proportions of nonadapted seedlings in hypothetical transfers of seed from one part of the watershed to another, genetic differentiation within the watershed was surprisingly large. In one transfer of 3.5 km between north- and south-facing slopes at the same elevation, :80% of seedlings were estimated to be poorly adapted. Although other possibilities exist, the topoclinal variation in traits probably results from selection as does the large within-location variation. Both kinds of variation are due to high selection intensities in the seedling stage, the former to selection by average environmental differences along gradients, the latter to microenvironmental heterogeneity. The combination of high within- and between-habitat variation is suited to a species which episodically colonizes an environment that is extremely heter- ogeneous in time and space.
Fossil chelonians, Chrysemys and Clemmys, from the Upper Pliocene of Idaho

The extant reptilian fauna of the Columbian Plateau and the northern half of the Basin and Range Province lacks turtles. Their absence appears to be of relatively recent occurrence, for turtles persist in the surrounding areas and nave been found in Plio-Pleistocene deposits, Glenn Ferry Formation, of this region. The latest faunal list for the Glenn Ferry Formation (Taylor, 1966, p. 75) includes Kinosternon sp. and Pseudemy idahoensis . Through the effort of Dr. C. W. Hibbard and his field parties, a large collection of chelonian shell fragments has been amassed from the vicinity of Hagerman, Twin Falls County, Idaho. Unless indicated otherwise, the specimens reported herein are from the Hagerman area.
Screening on the Amylase Producing Activity of some Bacterial Strains Isolated from Hot Spring

Twelve bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples of hot springs. Among 12 bacterial isolates, 3 isolated bacterial strains showed the amylolytic activity. Cultural and morphological characteristics of the selected bacterial were studied. The quantitative determination of reducing sugar formation was carried out by using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method in which starch was used as an inducer substrate for amylase enzyme. According to reducing sugar formation, T1, T2 and T3 showed the reducing sugar formation with the values of 2.986 mg/ml, 4.77 mg/ml and 2.805 mg/ml, respectively. The optimal incubation period for reducing sugar formation was found at 48 hours for T1 and at 36 hrs for T2 and T3. The optimum incubation temperature for T2 was at 50 oC whereas at 60 oC was observed for T1 and T3. The optimum condition of pH 6.5 and PH 7 was observed in T1and T2, T3. The growth curve of effective bacteria T3 strain was studied. The growth rate of these bacteria reached maximum value (7.0x108cfu/ml) at 60oC and 36hrs of incubation period.
Optimal causal control of a wave energy converter in a random sea

This paper concerns the design of feedback control systems to maximize power generation of a wave energy converter (WEC) in a random sea. In the literature on WEC control, most of the proposed feedback controllers fall into three categories. Many are static; i.e., they extract power by imposing an equivalent damping or resistive load on the power take-off (PTO) devices. Others are dynamic and are designed to maximize power generation at all frequencies, which results in an anticausal feedback law. Other dynamic control design methods are causal, and are tuned to achieve the anticausal performance at only a single frequency. By contrast, this paper illustrates that the determination of the true optimal causal dynamic controller for a WEC can be found as the solution to a nonstandard linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control problem. The theory assumes that the control system must make power generation decisions based only on present and past measurements of the generator voltages and/or velocities. It is shown that unlike optimal anticausal control, optimal causal control requires knowledge of the stationary spectral characteristics of the random sea state. Additionally, it is shown that the efficiency of the generator factors into the feedback synthesis. The theory is illustrated on a linear dynamical model for a buoy-type WEC with significant resonant modes in surge and pitch, and equipped with three spatially-distributed generators. c © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mixed Feelings About Mixed Criticality

I point to some challenges for WCET analysis offered in the transition to integrated mixedcriticality systems (MCSs) and to multi-core platforms, claim that proposed certification standards are inadequate, show that the MCS model heavily used by the scheduling community is fraught, and clarify why the traditional abstract interface between WCET analysis and schedulability analysis is obsolete. A central point is the insistence on sound approaches. I give a detailed account of how the most rigid certification procedures, those of the avionics domain, are satisfied, to defend the validity of my claims. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Software and its engineering → Real-time systems software
HYBRID CMOS-MEMRISTIVE NEUROMORPHIC SYSTEMS MODELING AND DESIGN

Research interest has turned to whether new architectures might eliminate the Von Neumann bottleneck. A very efficient yet non-Von Neumann architecture is at work inside each of us the human brain. Artificial neural networks, motivated by the vast networks of neurons and synapses found in the brain, are actively being researched. This thesis proposes a hardware-compatible learning algorithm using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for a hybrid-CMOS memristive neuromorphic system. CMOS computational units resembling the neurons in the brain will be connected in a dense crossbar array of non-volatile resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices imitating the synapses. Online learning is done based on spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). First, a single layer network with 784 input neurons and variable number of output neurons is presented inspired by an existing method in literature. After unsupervised training with 60,000 training examples of MNIST set of handwritten digits for 3 epochs, this network of size 784 x 300 can recognise 78.21% of the training images during training and 82.93% of the images when tested. A supervised layer is added to the network for labeling and shown that the accuracy curve of both layers exhibit a similar trend. A multilayer network is then proposed consisting of two unsupervised layers and its functionality is analyzed. Furthermore, modifications to the learning algorithm are made for better hardware-compatibility and a circuit design is provided for the hardware implementation of the system. Quantization of weights and probabilistic weight updates are incorporated into the algorithm to reflect the intermediate states and unpredictable nature of ReRAM devices more realistically.
A Model of Malaria in Pregnancy Prevention Counseling in Clinics District of Jayapura, Papua

Malaria is still the health problems in the community, especially in endemic areas like Papua. Malaria in pregnancy is contributing to the high numbers of pain and maternal mortality. One effort decreases the prevalence of malaria is empowering officers and clients or pregnant women by increasing knowledge to do prevention. One effort to increase knowledge with counseling at the time of antenatal. Effective counseling using the picture/media sheets behind a great way make it easier for mothers to understand the information provided. This research was to know relationship counseling using media sheet back toward an increase in knowledge, attitudes and compliance perform prevention of malaria infection. The method used was the stage that is training midwives Next research experiments with design pre-and post test-test, determination of sample with randomized assigment, group counseling is a treatment using media sheet turning 85 mothers and control group counseling without the media as much as 85 mothers. After counseling, conducted observation for 3 months in a row to see malaria prevention practices.
n empirical study on the determinants of essential patent claims in ompatibility standards

In the field of compatibility standards, an increasing number of companies claim to own so-called essential patents (i.e. those patents that are indispensable for designing and manufacturing products conforming to the standard). It is widely believed that the ownership of such patents is a very valuable bargaining tool in cross-license negotiations, while for non-producing firms such patents may result in a substantial stream of licensing revenues. In this paper we study the determinants of essential patent claims in compatibility standards. In particular, we assess the role of two main factors: the significance of the technological solution contained in the patent and the involvement of the applicant of the patent in the standardisation process. We examine the case of W-CDMA, one of the most successful standards in
The impact of evolving ego-network structures on innovation output - empirical evidence from the German laser industry

In this paper we argue that a closer look at ego-network structures is needed to disentangle the relationship between cooperation activities and subsequent firm-level innovation output. Especially, the structural configuration of a firms’ individual portfolio of cooperative ties – a so called ego-network – is assumed to have a significant effect on the innovative performance. However, ego-networks are not static, they change continuously over time. The empirical analysis of evolving ego-networks and subsequent firm-level innovation consequences constitutes a still widely unexplored field of research. Consequently, we apply an evolutionary perspective and resort to a unique longitudinal data-set to shed light on the raised research question. Applied network data encompass all research and development (R&D) cooperations funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and provide exact time tracking of tie-formations as well as tie-terminations for the full population of German laser source manufactures between 1990 and 2010. We construct yearly networks in order to analyze the dynamic change of focal firms’ ego-network structure over time. In order to measure firm‐level innovation output, we use yearly patent grants as dependent variable. Empirical results provide evidence for the firms’ yearly cooperation activities on innovation performance. The ego-network size turns out to have in all of our models positive and significant effect on firms’ patenting activity. Results for ego-network density are ambiguous and call for further research in this area. JEL-classification: O31, O32, L25
Arch ī um Ateneo Arch um Ateneo

The prominence of social networks motivates developments in network analysis, such as link prediction, which deals with predicting the existence or emergence of links on a given network. The Vector Auto Regression (VAR) technique has been shown to be one of the best for time-series based link prediction. One VAR technique implementation uses an unweighted adjacency matrix and five additional matrices based on the similarity metrics of Common Neighbor, Adamic-Adar, Jaccard’s Coefficient, Preferential Attachment and Research Allocation Index. In our previous work, we proposed the use of the Support Vector Machines (SVM) for such prediction task, and, using the same set of matrices, we gained better results. A dataset from DBLP was used to test the performance of the VAR and SVM link prediction models for two lags. In this study, we extended the VAR and SVM models by using three, four, and five lags, and these showed that both VAR and SVM improved with more data from the lags. The VAR and SVM models achieved their highest ROC-AUC values of 84.96% and 86.32% respectively using five lags compared to lower AUC values of 84.26% and 84.98% using two lags. Moreover, we identified that improving the predictive abilities of both models is constrained by the difficulty in the prediction of new links, which we define as links that do not exist in any of the corresponding lags. Hence, we created separate VAR and SVM models for the prediction of new links. The highest ROC-AUC was still achieved by using SVM with five lags, although at a lower value of 73.85%. The significant drop in the performance of VAR and SVM predictors for the prediction of new links indicate the need for more research in this problem space. Moreover, results showed that SVM can be used as an alternative method for time-series based link prediction.
Prediction Model of the Stock Market Index Using Twitter Sentiment Analysis

Stock market pred iction has been an interesting research topic for many years. Finding an efficient and effective means of predicting the stock market found its way in different social networking platforms such as Twitter. Studies have shown that public moods and sentiments can affect one’s opinion. This study explored the tweets of the Filipino public and its possible effects on the movement of the closing Index of the Philippine Stock Exchange. Sentiment Analysis was used in p rocessing individual tweets and determining its polarity either positive or negative. Tweets were given a positive and negative probability scores depending on the features that matched the trained classifier. Granger causality testing identified whether or not the past values of the Twitter t ime series were useful in pred icting the future price of the PSE Index. Two predict ion models were created based on the p-values and regression algorithms. The results suggested that the tweets collected using geo location and local news sources proved to be causative of the future values of the Philippine Stock Exchange closing Index.
Externalities of transportation fuels: Assessing trade-offs between petroleum and alternatives

This research report examines the economic and environmental externalities associated with the US transportation sector. The United States currently accounts for about 25 percent of world oil consumption, about 50 percent of which is imported. Achieving energy security by reducing dependence on imported oil has been the foremost challenge of several major energy-importing countries, including the United States. In this study, we explored the costs associated with energy security/cost of dependence on oil and estimated the environmental externalities associated with different types of transportation fuels based on a set of economic, environmental, and life-cycle analysis models. Our assessment of estimations on oil dependence costs indicates that several elements constitute the true cost of oil and not many studies have attempted to include all of these costs for various reasons. For analyzing the environmental externalities, we used GREET, a life-cycle analysis model; the FASOM-GHG model of agriculture and forestry; APEEP—an integrated assessment model to calculate the marginal damage of emissions; GTAP-BIO—a computable general equilibrium model to estimate land use changes; and the OSIRIS model to estimate the species extinctions based on deforestation. This study on assessing the externalities could provide a quantitative basis for policy initiatives pertaining to America’s future transportation infrastructure. This study suggests that there is a need to consider economic, environmental, and other societal costs within a holistic framework to assess relative costs and benefits and suitability of alternative transportation fuels that could play a role in meeting our future energy needs.
How parents motivate their children through prosody

To shed light on how prosody patterns used by parents to motivate their children, the current study investigated which acoustic features define motivational speech. In particular, we focused on instances in which a controlling versus autonomysupportive tone of voice was used by parents. To this aim, Dutch parent-child interactions were analyzed acoustically. Results of a hierarchical linear modelling analysis showed that the acoustic parameters intensity and speech rate differed significantly for both types of motivational speech. More specifically, controlling messages were uttered with a louder voice and faster rate than autonomy-supportive messages, which were conveyed using a quieter voice and slower rate. Findings support earlier research on motivational prosody and extend them to more spontaneous interactions, as well as to another language group.
DNA Methylation in Cancer Tissues

Cancer linked DNA hypo-methylation and hyper-methylation are present throughout the human genome. The hyper-methylation facilitates cancer progress by repressing the tumor suppressor gene. Hypo-methylation contribution towards cancer has not yet been clear. Recent studies of tissue specific methylation have suggested that DNA hypo-methylation aid tumor formation by many pathways. Loss of DNA methylation associated with cancer may alter transcription. In addition, DNA hypo-methylation might affect promoter usage production of intra-genic non-coding RNA transcripts, co-transcriptional splicing and initiation and elongation of transcription. Studies of hemi methylation of DNA in cancerous cells as well as normal tissues suggest that active de-methylation can explain cancer associated DNA hypo-methylation. New studies that genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is intermediate in DNA de-methylation exhibits cancer associated losses. It suggests that both decreased hydroxyl-methylation and methylation of DNA play important role in carcinogenesis.