Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizing through conflict: exploring the relationship between strikes and union membership in Germany

This article explores the possible link between trade union organizing and industrial action. The focus is on Germany and the period between 2004 and 2015. During that period there was a significant shift in German strike activity from manufacturing to the service sector. Special attention will therefore be given to the United Services Union, ver.di, the second largest union in Germany. The article argues that major preconditions for organizing crystallize during industrial disputes. Strikes constitute decisive moments in which the diverging interests of employers and employees are directly experienced, and in which unions are called on to demonstrate their effectiveness as collective organizations. There is evidence that ‘organizing through conflict’ has the potential to support union building and that within such an approach industrial action can work as a catalyst. The conclusion is that successful strikes offer opportunities within a comprehensive organizing strategy without however being the magic bullet with which unions can easily close the representation gap.
Measuring the Risk of Cyber Attack in Industrial Control Systems

Cyber attacks on industrial control systems (ICS) that underpin critical national infrastructure can be characterised as high-impact, low-frequency events. To date, the volume of attacks versus the overall global footprint of ICS is low, and as a result there is an insufficient dataset to adequately assess the risk to an ICS operator, yet the impacts are potentially catastrophic. This paper identifies key elements of existing decision science that can be used to inform and improve the cyber security of ICS against antagonistic threats and highlights the areas where further development is required to derive realistic risk assessments, as well as detailing how data from established safety processes may inform the decision-making process. The paper concludes by making recommendations as to how a validated dataset could be constructed to support investment in ICS cyber security.
The McMaster M.D. program: a case study of renewal in medical education

This paper presents four aspects of health professions education at McMaster University: (1) a review of the key elements of the history and distinctive approach of the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) program; (2) a description of the process and substance of curriculum change over the past decade, focusing on a major revision of the M.D. program that began in 1983; (3) a summary of the findings of follow-up studies of McMaster M.D. program graduates; and (4) an analysis of the current context within which the Faculty of Health Sciences (of which the M.D. program is a part) is operating and a description of strategies for renewal that are being implemented. The evidence and experience to date support the assertion that satisfactory–and in some ways special–physicians can be prepared using the “McMaster approach” to medical education, but that continuous review and periodic major revisions of the educational program are both necessary and possible; they must occur in concert with developments in other sectors of Faculty of Health Sciences activities.
INTERACTIONS AMONG PHOSPHATE UPTAKE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IN NUTRIENT‐LIMITED CULTURES OF THE CHLOROPHYTE MICROALGA DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA 1

Phosphate‐limited and phosphate‐sufficient continuous cultures of the marine chlorophyte microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher were examined for their responses to the addition of phosphate. Phosphate‐limited cultures showed a marked quenching of chl fluorescence following a pulse of phosphate. This response was absent from cells growing under phosphate‐sufficient conditions. Both the extent of fluorescence quenching (where present) and the initial rate of change in quenching were dependent on the concentration of phosphate added to cell suspensions and on the degree of limitation (growth rate in continuous culture). The addition of phosphate also brought about a transient decrease in photosynthetic oxygen evolution and a stimulation in respiration, which were relaxed as the added phosphate was depleted from the external medium. The applicability of using nutrient‐induced fluorescence transients as a tool to identify the nutrient status of phytoplankton populations is discussed.
Automobile Driving Interface Based on Hand Trajectory Recognition

In this paper, we propose auto-driving method for automobile by recognition of hand trajectory. The method consists of three main steps: hand detection, wheel detection and recognition. On the step of hand detection we extract hand from image by color model. From this step we get candidate for skin regions. The wheel detection consists of edge detection, Hough transform and wheel detection which uses mean shift algorithm. The last step in our method is recognition of hand position. The result is recognition of hand position on the wheel and rotation angle of the wheel.
Bmp2 is essential for cardiac cushion epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myocardial patterning

Cardiac cushion development provides a valuable system to investigate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental process in development and tumor progression. In the atrioventricular (AV) canal, endocardial cells lining the heart respond to a myocardial-derived signal, undergo EMT, and contribute to cushion mesenchyme. Here, we inactivated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) in the AV myocardium of mice. We show that Bmp2 has three functions in the AV canal: to enhance formation of the cardiac jelly, to induce endocardial EMT and to pattern the AV myocardium. Bmp2 is required for myocardial expression of Has2, a crucial component of the cardiac jelly matrix. During EMT, Bmp2 promotes expression of the basic helix-loop-helix factor Twist1, previously implicated in EMT in cancer metastases, and the homeobox genes Msx1 and Msx2. Deletion of the Bmp type 1A receptor, Bmpr1a, in endocardium also resulted in failed cushion formation, indicating that Bmp2 signals directly to cushion-forming endocardium to induce EMT. Lastly, we show that Bmp2 mutants failed to specify the AV myocardium with loss of Tbx2 expression uncovering a myocardial, planar signaling function for Bmp2. Our data indicate that Bmp2 has a crucial role in coordinating multiple aspects of AV canal morphogenesis.
Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein Particles Decreases Their Ability to Bind to Human Aortic Proteoglycans

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) leads to its rapid uptake by macrophages in vitro, but no detailed studies have addressed the effect of oxidation on the binding of LDL to proteoglycans. We therefore treated LDL with various substances: copper sulfate, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH), soybean lipoxygenase, and mouse peritoneal macrophages, and determined the extent to which the oxidatively modified LDL bound to human aortic proteoglycans in an affinity column. Oxidation of LDL with copper, AAPH, or macrophages, all of which increased its electrophoretic mobility, was associated with reduced binding to proteoglycans, until strongly oxidized LDL was totally unable to bind to them. After treatment of LDL with soybean lipoxygenase, the change in electrophoretic mobility was small, and the amount of binding to proteoglycans was only slightly decreased. The increased electrophoretic mobility of oxidized LDL reflects modification of the lysine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100). To mimic the oxidative modification of lysines, we treated LDL with malondialdehyde. This treatment also totally prevented the binding of LDL to proteoglycans. In contrast, if the lysine residues of apoB-100 were methylated to shield them against oxidative modification, subsequent treatment of LDL with copper sulfate failed to reduce the degree of LDL binding to proteoglycans. Finally, the active lysine residues in the oxidized LDL particles, which are thought to be involved in this binding, were quantified with NMR spectroscopy. In oxidized LDL, the number of these residues was found to be decreased. The present results show that, after modification of the lysine residues of apoB-100 during oxidation, the binding of LDL to proteoglycans is decreased, and suggest that oxidation of LDL tends to lead to intracellular rather than extracellular accumulation of LDL during atherogenesis.
Nonphlogistic Clearance of Late Apoptotic Neutrophils by Macrophages: Efficient Phagocytosis Independent of β2 Integrins1

Neutrophils undergo constitutive death by apoptosis, leading to safe nonphlogistic phagocytosis and clearance by macrophages. Recent work has shown that before secondary necrosis, neutrophils exhibiting classical features of apoptosis can progress to a morphologically defined late apoptotic state. However, whether such neutrophils could be safely cleared was unknown. We now report that human late apoptotic neutrophils could be purified from cultured neutrophil populations undergoing constitutive death and were subsequently ingested by human monocyte-derived macrophages by serum-independent mechanisms that did not trigger the release of IL-8 or TNF-α. Such ingestion was specifically inhibited by Abs to thrombospondin-1 and the αvβ3 vitronectin receptor. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophage phagocytosis of late and early apoptotic neutrophils occurred by similar mechanisms, proceeding with the same efficiency as that observed for wild-type controls when macrophages from αm−/− or β2−/− mice were used. We conclude that specific nonphlogistic, β2 integrin-independent mechanisms involving thrombospondin-1 and αvβ3 allow macrophages to ingest late apoptotic neutrophils without eliciting inflammatory cytokine secretion.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on exhaustive resistance exercise performance.

Six weight trained males were studied prior to, during, and in recovery from exhaustive resistance exercise, 105 min after ingesting 300 mg.kg-1 of either a placebo or NaHCO3. The exercise test consisted of four sets of 12 repetitions with a fifth set to volitional fatigue on a Universal leg press machine at a resistance equaling approximately 70% of the subjects 1-repetition maximum. Arterialized venous blood was analyzed for lactate concentration, blood gas, and acid-base parameters. The ingestion of NaHCO3 produced a significant increase in resting pH (7.39 to 7.46), HCO3- (22.9 to 28.3 mEq.l-1), and oxygenated base excess (-1.3 to 4.4 mEq.l-1). With the completion of each exercise set, a progressive decline in the acid-base status of both groups was observed (pH set 1-5: NaHCO3, 7.40 to 7.31; placebo, 7.34 to 7.25; HCO3- set 1-5: NaHCO3, 25.3 to 17.9; placebo, 21.7 to 15.3 mEq.l-1; base excess set 1-5: NaHCO3, 3.7 to -7.1; placebo, -1.4 to -10.7 mEq.l-1); however, the NaHCO3 condition was significantly more alkaline than the placebo condition. Blood lactate concentration [La] progressively increased with the completion of each exercise set ([La] set 1-5: NaHCO3, 1.37 to 11.15; placebo, 1.31 to 9.81 mM); but were not significantly different between treatments. Repetitions performed in the final exercise set were not significantly different between groups (NaHCO3: 19.6 +/- 1.6, placebo: 18.2 +/- 1.1 repetitions). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vehicle detection and counting from a video frame

The research intends to develop the vehicle detection and counting system using image processing. Overall works are software development of a system that requires a video stream and capture to a video frame. They consist of the following components: background road without any moving vehicle and the frame with moving vehicles. The system is designed to find the differentiation which is the moving vehicles and find the number of moving vehicles from the video frame. The vehicle detection and counting system consists of four major components: 1) image acquisition, 2) image analysis, 3) object detection and counting, and 4) Display Result The experiment has been conducted in order to access the following qualities: 1) Usability, to prove that the system can determine vehicle detection and counting under the specific condition lay out. 2) Efficiency, to show that the system can work with high accuracy.
Pharmacologic Analysis of Ketamine-Induced Cardiac Actions in Isolated, Blood-Perfused Canine Atria

Summary: Effects of ketamine were investigated on atrial rate and contractile force in the isolated, blood-perfused canine atrium. When a relatively small dose (3 μg) of ketamine was injected into the sinus node artery, positive chronotropic and inotropic responses were consistently observed. With doses of 10–300 μg i.a. , biphasic (i.e., negative followed by positive) chronotropic and inotropic responses were induced. An extremely large dose of ketamine frequently produced biphasic chronotropic and only negative inotropic responses. The negative effects of ketamine were not affected by atropine pretreatment. After treatment with propranolol or imipramine, the positive effects were significantly suppressed. The effects were not influenced by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that ketamine has (a) indirect cardioexcitatory properties mediated by a release of catecholamines which is due to a tyramine-like action, and (b) direct cardioinhibitory properties by which high doses depress the contractility rather than the pacemaker activity.
An Editable Browser for Reranking Web Search Results

This paper proposes methods of reranking Web search results according to user's editing operations while browsing the search results. It is difficult for search engines to rank search results which satisfy the user's search intention adequately because the user's Web search intentions are diverse. Hence, the user must check search results sequentially, or re-search creating a new query. In order to solve this problem, we introduce editing operations such as deletion and emphasis for searched results. When the user deletes a part of the search results, our system degrades search results which include the deleted term or sentence. When the user emphasizes a part of the search results, our system upgrades search results which include the emphasized term or sentence. We describe the implementations of these reranking methods and provide evaluations.
Legal Clinics in Continental Western Europe: The Approach of the Utrecht Legal Clinic on Conflict, Human Rights, and International Justice

It is a common feature in the United States and continental Western Europe that clinical education is developed on the understanding that its main goal is to provide students with an opportunity to actually apply their knowledge in ongoing real cases by placing them in a situation in which, with the close supervision of experienced (former) practitioners, they can provide legal services to individual or institutional clients. Nevertheless, the Utrecht Legal Clinic, as other law clinics in Western Europe, differ from a paradigmatic US human rights clinic in at least two key aspects: (i) the types of clients to whom they provide legal services; and (ii) the level of students’ autonomy and supervisors’ involvement in the elaboration of the legal work which is to be delivered to the clinic’s clients. Both aspects appear to be interrelated as the level of students’ autonomy and supervisor’s involvement in the elaboration of the final ‘product’ varies depending on who the clinic’s clients are, and the nature of their requirements. The Utrecht Legal Clinic constitutes a unique model because it focuses its work on international organisations which have a strong judicial component, and also because it combines the provision of pro bono legal services to international judicial institutions located in nearby areas such as The Hague as well as the Inter- American Court of Human Rights located thousands of kilometres away in San Jose, Costa Rica.
CHI 2011 sustainability community invited SIG: framework & agenda

This special interest group meeting will bring together human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers who are interested in applying their knowledge and skills to the environmental goals of sustainable production and sustainable consumption. Those new to HCI for sustainability will learn which support and opportunities there are for their contributions, while HCI researchers already working in this area will discover which activities are occurring within and outside the HCI community. A conceptual framework will be presented together with a call to action, followed by a review of past and current HCI activities surrounding sustainability. Finally, an open discussion will develop a reformulation of HCI sustainability research for future CHI meetings.
Trajectories and transferability: building nursing knowledge about chronicity.

We have seen a shift in the generation of nursing knowledge, from biomedical, illness, and disease models (exemplified by "a diabetic patient") to psychosocial, educational models (exemplified by "a person with diabetes" or, more broadly, "a person with a chronic condition"). Behind this shift is a generic view of chronicity, one which posits that the psychosocial issues shared by individuals across hundreds of medical diagnostic groups outweigh those that are unique and bio-medically based (Perrin et al., 1993). The psychosocial model recognizes the importance of the effect of the condition on the individual, as opposed to the condition alone. For example, it is from this generic perspective that Magyary and Brandt (1996) view children and their families as they cope with chronic conditions. The shift to generic views of chronicity has not been absolute. Nearly all nursing researchers sensibly still report the disease categorizations of their subjects, while at the same time designing their research and discussing their findings with a view to generalizing to a broader population of persons with similar chronic conditions. This approach assumes that a generic view might be too simplistic and that abandonment of the medical categorizations might be premature. Generalizing about chronicity issues might be well served by the more multidimensional concept of illness trajectory. For example, Ellerton, Stewart, Ritchie, and Hirth (1996) studied children with three types of medical diagnoses in order to sample a range of illness trajectories.
Meta-prediction of phosphorylation sites with multiplicative weighted update algorithms

There are numerous predictors have been developed to the phosphorylation sites prediction. However, there are no developed prediction programs that could make more accurate prediction than other prediction programs in every situation. Wan et al. [20] proposed meta-prediction strategies that integrate results of several prediction tools for phosphorylation sites prediction. Their meta-predictor gained an outstanding prediction performance that surpasses that of all combined prediction programs. They performed a generalized weighted voting strategy with parameters determined by restricted grid search to produce meta-prediction programs. Unfortunately, restricted grid search is time-consuming and the values of restricted grids should be computed using combinatorial analysis. In this paper, we make use of multiplicative update algorithms to learn better parameters for meta-predictions. The experimental results show that the proposed meta-predictor performs better than Wan's meta-predictors, KinasePhos, KinasePhos 2.0, PPSP, GPS, NetPhosK and AMS 3.0 for SIT kinase families, PKA, PKC, CDK, and CK2.
Cytokine gene polymorphisms and acute human liver graft rejection

Interindividual differences exist in the capacity to produce cytokines. It has been reported that levels of in vitro cytokine production measured after stimulated cell culture are associated with polymorphisms in cytokine genes. Moreover, a correlation between heart, kidney, liver, and lung graft rejection or survival with cytokine gene polymorphisms has been described. In the present study, we analyzed the association of gene polymorphisms in T helper subtype 1 (TH1‐), TH2‐, and regulatory‐type cytokines with human liver allograft rejection. Patients who received a primary liver graft from 1992 onward and were seen at the transplant outpatient clinic since then were included on this study (n = 89). Patients were HLA typed routinely. Biopsy‐proven acute rejection occurred in 41 of 89 patients. After informed consent, blood was collected and DNA was obtained. Using amplification‐refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction, the following cytokine gene polymorphisms were determined: IL‐2+166, IL‐2‐330, IL‐15+13689, IL‐15‐80, TNF‐A‐308, TNFd3, IFN‐G+874 (TH1‐type cytokines), IL‐4+33, IL‐4‐590, IL‐6‐174, IL‐10‐592, IL‐10‐819, IL‐10‐1082, IL‐13+2043, IL‐13‐1055 (TH2 type cytokines), TGF‐B1+869, and TGF‐B1+915 (regulatory‐type cytokines). Univariate analysis showed that polymorphisms of IL‐10‐1082, TGF‐B1+869, and HLA‐DR6 were significantly related to liver graft rejection. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess which variables remained significantly predictive of acute rejection. Multivariate analysis showed that TGF‐B1+869 and HLA‐DR6 were independently associated with the occurrence of acute rejection. These findings suggest a role for the regulatory‐type cytokine transforming growth factor‐β1 in human liver graft rejection.
Caveolins, a Family of Scaffolding Proteins for Organizing “Preassembled Signaling Complexes” at the Plasma Membrane*

Caveolae are vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane. The chief structural proteins of caveolae are the caveolins. Caveolins form a scaffold onto which many classes of signaling molecules can assemble to generate preassembled signaling complexes . In addition to concentrating these signal transducers within a distinct region of the plasma membrane, caveolin binding may functionally regulate the activation state of caveolae-associated signaling mol- ecules. Because the responsibilities assigned to caveolae continue to increase, this review will focus on: (i) caveolin structure/function and (ii) caveolae-associated signal transduction. Studies that link caveolae to human diseases will also be considered.