Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observer-based sliding mode control of uncertain singular time-delay systems

This note deals with the problem of designing full order sliding mode control for uncertain singular time-delay systems via cone complementary linearizable iterative algorithm. These uncertainties are mismatched and have norm bounds. To estimate the sliding surfaces and the sliding control, a dynamical compensator is designed. Using the equivalent control approach the sliding mode is got, whose stability is analyzed, in the augmented space formed by the system states and the state estimation error. Based on the estimated state variables and system output, a sliding mode control scheme is developed such that the system is driven to the sliding surface and maintained on it thereafter. Finally, a simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the results.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Gene Cluster Encoding the Enzymes of the Arginine Deiminase Pathway ofLactobacillus sake

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus sake can use arginine via the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway. We designed degenerate primers based on an alignment of known sequences of ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC)-encoding genes in order to amplify the L. sakecounterpart sequences by PCR. Screening a genomic library of L. sake in λEMBL3 allowed us to isolate a clone containing a 10-kbL. sake genomic DNA insert. Sequence analysis revealed that the genes involved in arginine catabolism were clustered and encoded ADI (arcA), OTC (arcB), carbamate kinase (arcC), and a putative carrier with high similarity to the arginine/ornithine antiporter of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(arcD). Additionally, a putative transaminase-encoding gene (arcT) was located in this region. The genes followed the order arcA arcB arcC arcT arcD, which differs from that found in other microorganisms. arcA, arcB,arcC, and arcD mutants were constructed, and the ADI pathway was impaired in all of them. Transcriptional studies indicated that arcA gene is subject to catabolite repression, and under the conditions used, several transcripts could be detected, suggesting the existence of different initiation sites or processing of a larger mRNA.
Adult‐generated neurons in the dentate gyrus send axonal projections to field CA3 and are surrounded by synaptic vesicles

The subgranule zone of the dentate gyrus in rats has been shown to be proliferative into adulthood and senescence. However, the connectivity of newly generated, identified neurons in the adult has not been definitively described. In the present study, 9 weeks after a series of intraperitoneal injections of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), animals received stereotaxic iontophoretic injections of Fluoro‐Gold (FG) into field CA3. Three weeks after FG injections, sections were analyzed for BrdU immunoreactivity (proliferative label), FG retrograde label, and either calbindin‐D28k or synaptophysin immunohistochemistry. A large proportion (up to 44%) of BrdU‐labeled cells in the dentate gyrus within regions of FG retrograde label incorporated FG. All of the doubly labeled (BrdU‐FG) neurons also immunolabeled with the antibody to calbindin‐D28k. Many doubly labeled (BrdU‐FG) cells were also surrounded in three planes by synaptophysin immunoreactivity. We conclude that newly generated neurons in the dentate gyrus have the correct immunohistochemical profile, send appropriate axonal projections to field CA3, and are surrounded by profiles containing synaptic vesicle proteins. J. Comp. Neurol. 406:449–460, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies of allograft immunity in mice. I. Induction, development and in vitro assay of cellular immunity.

Cellular immunity induced by tumour allografts in inbred mice was studied with the help of an in vitro assay system measuring the cytotoxic effect of sensitized lymphocytes on 51Cr-labelled target cells. It is shown that lymphoid cells from spleen, lymph nodes and blood of the allograft recipients reach a peak of cytotoxic activity on days 10–11 after immunization. Incubated with labelled target cells at a ratio of 100:1, the sensitized lymphocytes caused the specific release of up to 70 per cent of the radioactivity within 1 hour. A second population of target cells added to the same cell suspension was destroyed at a slightly accelerated rate, suggesting stimulation of the effector cells by the first interaction. The cytotoxic activity of circulating lymphocytes was found to reach a plateau between days 20 and 60 after immunization, while the activity of spleen cells dropped to low levels in the same time period. The specificity of target cell destruction by sensitized lymphocytes is demonstrated by the lack of lytic activity for syngeneic target cells, and by the selective destruction of target cells carrying a tumour specific antigen. Tumour cells, lymphocytes and embryonic fibroblasts of the donor strain are shown to differ considerably in their sensitivity to lysis by immune lymphocytes.
Altered responsiveness of medial prefrontal cortex neurons to glutamate and dopamine after withdrawal from repeated amphetamine treatment

Using in vivo extracellular single‐cell recording and microiontophoresis, we compared the responsiveness of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons (layers V‐VI) to dopamine and glutamate in rats that had received repeated amphetamine or saline injections. Neurons from amphetamine‐pretreated rats showed increased responsiveness to glutamate and decreased responsiveness to dopamine after three days of withdrawal, suggesting that the mPFC is transiently hyperexcitable during amphetamine withdrawal. Synapse 36:342–344, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associated Pagerank: Improved pagerank measured by frequent term sets

Web search engines encounter many new challenges while the amount of information on the web increases rapidly. Web documents have been a main resource for various purposes, and people rely on search engines to retrieve the desired documents. This paper proposes an associated pagerank algorithm for search engines to feedback quality results by scoring the relevance of web documents. The modified Pagerank algorithm increases the degree of relevance than the original one, and decreases the query time efforts of topic-sensitive pagerank.
Implement credit card fraudulent detection system using observation probabilistic in hidden Markov model

The internet becomes most popular mode of payment for online transaction. Banking system provides e-cash, ecommerce and e-services by using online transaction. Credit card is one of the best ways for online transaction. In case of risk of fraud transaction using credit card has also been increasing. Credit card fraud detection is one of the ethical issues in the credit card companies, mortgage companies, banks and financial institutes. Many technics for credit card fraudulent detection but hidden markov model (HMM) is one of the best engineering practices tool for credit card fraud system. Hidden markov model generate, observation symbols for online transaction. Observation probabilistic in an HMM based system is initially studies spending profile of the cardholder and checking an incoming transaction, against spending behavior of the cardholder. we can show clustering model is used to classify the legal and fraudulent transaction using data conglomeration of regions of parameter, we has shown the Hidden Markov Model for fraud detection in Credit card Applications. We presented experimental result to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Genetic diversity of golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) in northern Norway based on recently developed SSR markers

Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.), an adaptogenic herb, has received increased attention in recent years. The genetic diversity of roseroot was studied with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which have not been widely used so far. Plants were collected in Finnmark County, Norway, from 10 habitats. Eight recently developed microsatellite (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity. However, only 4 SSR markers were informative during this study. The primer pairs for these 4 SSR markers produced 20 fragments with an average of 5 putative alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity was 1.0 at each locus, whereas expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.60 to 0.65. The generated unrooted dendrogram based on genetic distances calculated from the results confirms that genetic diversity exists between the populations; the more distant they are from each other, the higher the genetic difference is.
Influencing Factors on Color and Product-Function Association

The associations of age, sex, and matching types with color and product-function were examined in a real-world product scenario (shampoo) among 128 volunteers (M age = 29.3 yr.; SD = 15.6). A pilot study identified eight popular colors and eight product-functions. The association between color and product-function was explored in the main sample. Responses suggested seven pairings of color/product-functions: Red/Hot oil treatment, Yellow/Bright and shiny hair, Green/Herbal extracts, Blue/Deep cleaning, Purple/Soothing, Black/Antiseptic, and White/Anti-dandruff. Analyses indicated that adult participants required more repetitions for retention, as did memorization with random pairing compared to participant-selected pairings. There were statistically significant correlations of responses to colors and product functions. With known color/product-function associations, manufacturers might promote their products more effectively. It is suggested that the associations might be sex- or culture-specific.
Structure of the VH and VL segments of polyreactive and monoreactive human natural antibodies to HIV-1 and Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase.

B lymphocytes committed to the production of antibodies binding to antigens on pathogenic bacteria and viruses (natural antibodies) are common components of the normal human B cell repertoire. A major proportion of natural antibodies is capable of binding multiple antigens (polyreactive antibodies). Using B cells from three HIV-1 seronegative healthy subjects, and purified HIV-1 and beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli as selecting antigen, we generated three natural IgM mAb to HIV-1 and a natural IgM mAb to beta-galactosidase. The three HIV-1-selected antibodies (mAb102, mAb103, and mAb104) were polyreactive. They bound with different affinities (Kd = 10(-6) to 10(-8) M) to the HIV-1 envelope gp160, the p24 core protein, and the p66 reverse transcriptase, but not to the 120 glycosylated env protein. They also bound to beta-galactosidase (Kd approximately 10(-7) M), tetanus toxoid, and various various self antigens. In contrast, the natural mAb selected for binding to beta-galactosidase (mAb207.F1) was monoreactive, in that it bound with a high affinity (Kd < 10(-8) M) to this antigen, but to none of the other antigens tested, including HIV-1. Structural analysis of the VH and VL segments revealed that the natural mAb utilized three segments of the VHIV gene family and one of the VHIII family, in conjunction with VL segments of the V lambda I, V lambda II, V lambda III, or V kappa IV subgroups. In addition, the natural mAb VH and VL segments were in unmutated or virtually unmutated (germline) configuration, including those of the monoreactive mAb207.F1 to beta-galactosidase, and were identical or closely related to those utilized by specific autoantibodies or specific antibodies to viral and/or bacterial pathogens. Thus, the present data show that both polyreactive and monoreactive natural antibodies to foreign antigen can be isolated from the normal human B cell repertoire. They also suggest that the VH and VL segments of not only polyreactive but also monoreactive natural antibodies can be encoded in unmutated or minimally mutated genes, and possibly provide the templates for the specific high affinity antibodies elicited by self or foreign antigens.
A 2-D Multibeam Half Maxwell Fish-Eye Lens Antenna Using High Impedance Surfaces

This letter describes the design and measurement of a planar multibeam half Maxwell fish-eye (HMFE) lens antenna with seven beams in azimuth based on variable high impedance surfaces (HISs). The desired refractive index profile is controlled by using slotted square mushroom metallic cells of different sizes on a grounded dielectric slab. The lens antenna, 6. 2λ×3. 1λ in lens plane and 0.65 λ total height, is fabricated and characterized in TM mode at 13 GHz for both single- and multiple-beam configurations. The optimized lens for single-beam operation achieves 14.1 dBi measured gain, 67 ° and 12 ° half-power beamwidth for E-plane and H-plane, respectively, and 55.3% impedance bandwidth for -10-dB return loss. This lens can be used to launch multiple beams by implementing an arc array of seven-element short monopoles at the periphery of the lens. The measured overall scan coverage is up to 45 ° with gain drop less than 2.4 dB. Its low profile, light weight (only 136 g), and ease of manufacturing makes it well suited for Local Multipoint Communication Systems (LMCS).
Modelling semantic transparency in English compound nouns

Semantic transparency is known to play an important role in the storage and processing of complex words (e.g. Marslen-Wilson et al. 1994), and human raters of transparency achieve high levels of agreement (e.g. Frisson et al. 2008, Munro et al. 2010). In the case of noun-noun compounds, overall transparency is largely determined by the transparency of the individual constituents. For example, Reddy et al. (2011) showed that the perceived transparency of a compound is highly correlated with both the sum and the product of the perceived transparencies of its constituents. Furthermore, many psycholinguistic studies find significant effects for semantic transparency using a four-way distinction based on perceived constituent transparency: transparent-transparent (e.g. carwash), transparent-opaque (e.g. jailbird), opaque-transparent (e.g. strawberry) and opaque-opaque (e.g. hogwash) (Libben et al. 2003). Bell and Schafer (2013) modelled the transparency of individual compound constituents and showed that shifted word senses reduce perceived transparency, while certain semantic relations between constituents increase it. However, this finding is problematic in at least two ways. Firstly, it is not clear whether there is a solid basis for establishing whether a specific word sense is shifted or not. For example, card in credit card is clearly shifted if viewed etymologically, but may not synchronically be perceived as shifted due to its frequent use. Secondly, work on conceptual combination by Gagne and collaborators has shown that relational information in compounds is accessed via the concepts associated with individual modifiers and heads, rather than independently of them (e.g. Spalding et al. 2010 for an overview). This leads to the hypothesis that it is not whether a specific word sense is etymologically shifted, nor whether a specific semantic relation is used per se, that makes a compound constituent more or less transparent; rather, it is the degree of expectedness of a particular word sense and a particular relation for a given constituent. In this paper, we provide evidence in support of this hypothesis: the more expected the word sense and relation for a constituent, the more transparent it is perceived to be.
Hyperinsulinemia and risk of Alzheimer disease

Objective: To explore the association between fasting insulin levels and dementia. Methods: Fasting insulin levels were measured from frozen sera using solid-phase chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay in a sample of elderly subjects chosen at random from a cohort of persons aged 65 years and older from northern Manhattan. Dementia was diagnosed using standard methods. Neuropsychiatric testing was available on all subjects at each follow-up interval. Results: A total of 683 subjects without prevalent dementia were followed for 3,691 person-years and 149 persons developed dementia (137 Alzheimer disease [AD], 6 dementia associated with stroke, 6 other). The risk of AD doubled in the 39% of the sample with hyperinsulinemia (HR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.9) and was highest in people without diabetes. The HR relating presence of hyperinsulinemia or diabetes in 50% of our sample to AD was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5, 3.1). The risk of AD attributable to the presence of hyperinsulinemia or diabetes was 39%. The HR of AD for the highest quartile of insulin compared to the lowest was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.7; p for trend = 0.009). Hyperinsulinemia was also related to a significant decline in memory-related cognitive scores, but not to decline in other cognitive domains. Conclusions: Hyperinsulinemia is associated with a higher risk of AD and decline in memory.
Association of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder in a nationally representative epidemiological sample.

OBJECTIVE Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) are associated with significant health impairment. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprise both psychological (disturbances in mood and affect) and physiological (bloating and changes in appetite) symptoms that may trigger binge-eating and/or purging. METHOD Female participants were drawn from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys, conducted from 2001 to 2003. Weighted multivariable logistic regression modeled the association between lifetime PMS and PMDD and lifetime odds of BN or BED. RESULTS Among 8,694 participants, 133 (1.0%) had BN and 185 (1.8%) BED. Additionally, 366 (4.2%) had PMDD and 3,489 (42.4%) had PMS. Prevalence of PMDD and PMS were 17.4 and 55.4% among those with BN, 10.7 and 48.9% among those with BED and 3.4 and 59.1% among those with subthreshold BED. After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, income, education, body mass index, age at menarche, birth control use, and comorbid mental health conditions, PMDD was associated with seven times the odds of BN (OR 7.2, 95% CI 2.3, 22.4) and PMS with two times the odds of BN (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1, 5.7). Neither PMDD nor PMS were significantly associated with BED. DISCUSSION Women with PMS and PMDD have a higher odds of BN, independent of comorbid mental health conditions. PMS and PMDD may be important comorbidities to BN to consider in clinical settings, and future research should investigate whether PMS and PMDD affect the onset and duration of bulimic symptoms as well as the potential for shared risk factors across disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:641-650).
Bone Health Across the Lifespan—Exercising Our Options

BECK, B. R. , and C. M. Snow. Bone health across the lifespan—exercising our options. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 117–122, 2003. Exercise is frequently extolled as an osteoporosis treatment. In reality, the use of exercise as an osteoporosis intervention lies more in its ability to: 1) maximize peak bone mass attained in youth; 2) maintain bone mass or reduce age-related bone loss; and 3) preserve muscle strength and postural stability to reduce the risk of falling and fracturing in the later years.
Modulation of GDP Release from Transducin by the Conserved Glu134-Arg135 Sequence in Rhodopsin*

A superfamily of seven-transmembrane helix receptors catalyzes GDP release from heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) to initiate the intracellular signaling cascade. The photoreceptor rhodopsin is a prototypical member of the superfamily that activates the retinal G protein transducin (Gt). The cytoplasmic domain of rhodopsin binds and activates Gt, but residues that stimulate GDP release from Gt have not been identified until now. We show here that the abnormal signal transduction phenotypes of several different mutations affecting the highly conserved Glu134-Arg135 charge pair result from alteration of the GDP release step in the Gt activation cascade. We propose that Glu134 and Arg135 constitute the site that directly provides the signal from rhodopsin to activate GDP release from Gt. Because the Glu/Asp−Arg sequence occurs at a topologically identical location in most of the seven-transmembrane helix receptors, we propose that these residues constitute a switch for signal transfer.
Nonlinear Study of Hydrodynamic Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in a Composite Fluid-Porous Layer

The nonlinear hydrodynamic Rayleigh-Taylor instabil ity (RTI) bounded above by porous layer using Saffman [1] slip condition at the interface and below by a rigid surface using no-slip condition has been stud ied. The nonlinear problem is studied numerically in the present paper using Adam s-Bashforth predictor and Adams-Moulton corrector numerical techniques. In th e conclusion, the nonlinear problem discussed here is quite different from that of Babchin et al. [2] considering plane Couette flow. The present problem is greatly influenced by slip velocity at the interface between porous layer and thin film. Also, the effect of magnetic field to stabilize the system. It is not a menable to analytical treatment as that of Babchin et al.[2]. Therefore, numerical sol utions have to be found. Fourth order accurate central differences are used for spa tial discretization using predictor and corrector numerical technique. 76 Krishna B. Chavaraddi et al.
What is the real contribution of fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose in predicting HbA(1c) and overall blood glucose control?

We read with interest the consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association on postprandial blood glucose published in the April 2001 issue of Diabetes Care (1). We are concerned about the following consensus position in that report regarding the relation among postprandial glucose (PPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c: “In summary, there are insufficient data to determine accurately the relative contribution of the FPG and PPG to HbA1c. It appears that FPG is somewhat better than PPG in predicting HbA …
Performance implications of component crosstalk in transparent lightwave networks

We find both theoretically and experimentally that crosstalk due to small component imperfections in transparent lightwave networks will tend to generate large performance degradations. The most severe degradations, which arise from interference between signal and crosstalk electric fields, are far larger than those predicted from simple power-addition without field interference. Systems corrupted by crosstalk from a single source of optical-field leakage appear to require component crosstalk levels /spl epsiv//spl les/-20 dB, if conventional receivers are used. Since the degradations are believed to depend on N/spl radic//spl epsiv/, where N is the number of crosstalk generators, each producing a crosstalk power level of /spl epsiv/, the problem is expected to grow rapidly severe with network size. <<ETX>>
Optic neuropathy associated with hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis.

EDrrOR,-Primary lymphoma of the breast or ocular adnexae (orbit, conjunctiva, and eyelids) is rare, each accounts for 2% of all extranodal lymphomas. ' The most frequently encountered type of lymphoma at either site has been likened to the MALTomas (lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) arising in the gastrointestinal tract, although no direct association between the occurrence oflymphomas at these sites has been reported. We now describe a case of metachronous breast and conjunctival lymphomas with a 14 year interval.