Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melasma and Common Pigmentary Dermatoses in Asian Individuals and an Overview of their Treatment

Asian patients with Fitzpatrick skin types III–V have been highlighted in publications describing pigmentary dermatoses. Melasma is particularly common in Asia, while nevus of Ota, acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM), and Mongolian spots are also frequently seen. In Asian individuals, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) frequently occurs after the treatment, especially laser and light therapies. Thus, prevention and management of PIH are extremely important concerns. This review discusses the pigmentary dermatoses commonly encountered in Asia, including melasma, ABNOM, nevi of Ota and Ito, and Mongolian spots, and the various treatment options that are either currently available or under investigation in vitro.
Repeatability of motor and working-memory tasks in healthy older volunteers: assessment at functional MR imaging.

PURPOSE To prospectively determine the repeatability of functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging brain activation tasks in a group of healthy older male volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Local research ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Sixteen men with a mean age of 69 years +/- 3 (standard deviation) performed finger-tapping and N-back (number of screens back) working-memory tasks. Each subject underwent MR imaging three times in weekly intervals. Within-subject task repeatability was analyzed in terms of the number of voxels classified as activated (activation extent), the mean activation amplitude, and (for finger tapping) the center of the mass of the activated region. A repeatability index was calculated to compare test-retest repeatability between subjects and between functional MR imaging tasks. Within-session, between-session, and between-subject variability was assessed by using analysis of variance testing of activation amplitude and extent. RESULTS Nine of the 16 subjects generated useful data at all three MR imaging-functional task sessions. At single-subject, single-session analysis, cortical activation was identified in most subjects and at most sessions. The centers of the masses of motor cortex activation were highly reproducible (within 3 mm). Patterns of activation were qualitatively repeatable, but there was substantial variability in the amplitudes and extents of activated regions. Within-session coefficients of variation (CVs) for left- versus right-hand and right- versus left-hand finger tapping were, respectively, 65% and 43% for activation amplitude and 75% and 121% for activation extent. The between-session CVs for activation amplitude were similar to the within-session values, whereas between-session CVs for activation extent were much greater than within-session values, up to 206%. CONCLUSION The generally poor quantitative task repeatability highlights the need for further methodologic developments before much reliance can be placed on functional MR imaging results of single-session experiments.
Characterizing impaired driving in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled study.

OBJECTIVE We sought to confirm previously documented findings that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate impaired driving behavior when compared with controls. METHOD Subjects were adults with (N = 26) and without (N = 23) DSM-IV ADHD ascertained through clinical referrals to an adult ADHD program and through advertisements in the local media. Driving behavior was assessed using the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and 10 questions from a driving history questionnaire. Neuropsychological testing and structured interviews were also administered to all subjects. RESULTS Substantially more ADHD subjects had been in an accident on the highway (35% vs. 9%, p = .03) or had been rear-ended (50% vs. 17%, p = .02) compared with controls. Analysis of the DBQ findings showed that ADHD subjects had significantly higher mean +/- SD scores than control subjects on the total DBQ (34.1 +/- 15.2 vs. 18.0 +/- 8.6, p < .001) and in all 3 subscales of the DBQ: errors (9.3 +/- 5.4 vs. 4.6 +/- 3.5, p < .001), lapses (12.4 +/- 6.2 vs. 6.1 +/- 3.5, p < .001), and violations (12.4 +/- 5.2 vs. 7.4 +/- 4.1, p < .001). Using the score that separated ADHD from control drivers on the DBQ as a cutoff, ADHD drivers at high risk for poor driving outcomes had more severe rates of comorbidity and exhibited more impaired scores on neuropsychological testing. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm and extend previous work documenting impaired driving behavior in subjects with ADHD. Results also suggest that ADHD individuals at high risk for poor driving behavior might be distinguishable from other ADHD individuals on DBQ scores, neuropsychological deficits, and patterns of comorbidities.
The establishment of tocopherol reference intervals for Hungarian adult population using a validated HPLC method.

Evidence suggests that decreased α-tocopherol (the most biologically active substance in the vitamin E group) level can cause neurological symptoms, most likely ataxia. The aim of the current study was to first provide reference intervals for serum tocopherols in the adult Hungarian population with appropriate sample size, recruiting healthy control subjects and neurological patients suffering from conditions without symptoms of ataxia, myopathy or cognitive deficiency. A validated HPLC method applying a diode array detector and rac-tocol as internal standard was utilized for that purpose. Furthermore, serum cholesterol levels were determined as well for data normalization. The calculated 2.5-97.5% reference intervals for α-, β/γ- and δ-tocopherols were 24.62-54.67, 0.81-3.69 and 0.29-1.07 μm, respectively, whereas the tocopherol/cholesterol ratios were 5.11-11.27, 0.14-0.72 and 0.06-0.22 μmol/mmol, respectively. The establishment of these reference intervals may improve the diagnostic accuracy of tocopherol measurements in certain neurological conditions with decreased tocopherol levels. Moreover, the current study draws special attention to the possible pitfalls in the complex process of the determination of reference intervals as well, including the selection of study population, the application of internal standard and method validation and the calculation of tocopherol/cholesterol ratios.
Broad-band RF photonic phase shifter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and single-sideband modulation

We introduce a novel RF photonic phase shifter based on Brillouin signal processing of optical single-sideband signals. The theoretical fundamentals of the design are explained and the main factors influencing its performance are analyzed. This phase shifter provides broad operational bandwidth and a full 360/spl deg/ phase-shift tuning range with a single external electrical control. A prototype of the phase shifter with 18-GHz bandwidth and full 360/spl deg/ tuning range is experimentally demonstrated.
Role of antiretroviral regimes in HIV‐1 patients in reducing immune activation

We assessed whether antiretroviral regimes are able to diminish apoptosis and markers of lymphocyte activation and restore lymphocyte proliferation. T‐cell subset, spontaneous and induced apoptosis, CD95 and soluble Fas antigen and cell proliferation were analysed in 41 human immunodeficiency virus type 1‐positive patients. Twenty‐five were in asymptomatic stage A and 16 were in stage B/C. Thirty‐five received antiretroviral treatment: 18 received two inhibitors of reverse transcriptase and one protease inhibitor and 17 received three inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. Six patients did not receive treatment, for different reasons, but continued to participate in the study. Studies were performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Levels of CD4 increased slightly until 6 months of antiretroviral treatment, as a whole, in all the patients treated. Naïve CD4 lymphocytes, as well as memory CD4 lymphocytes, remained constant. Spontaneous apoptosis of lymphocytes, after 72 hr of culture, decreased in all patients treated, but to a much smaller extent than phytohaemagglutinin‐induced apoptosis. In both groups treated, levels of soluble Fas decreased until 6 months of treatment and then increased again. Lymphocyte proliferation reached normal levels after 1 year of treatment. In patients without treatment CD4 cells decreased slowly and no modification in activation markers was found. Antiretroviral regimes decrease immune activation as well as viral load and this deactivation restores lymphocyte proliferation.
Improving Hadoop MapReduce performance with data compression: A study using wordcount job

Hadoop cluster is widely used for executing and analyzing a large data like big data. It has MapReduce engine for distributing data to each node in cluster. Compression is a benefit way of Hadoop cluster because it not only can increase space of storage but also improve performance to compute job. Recently, there are some popular Hadoop's compression codecs for example; deflate, gzip, bzip2 and snappy. An over-all compression in MapReduce, Hadoop uses a compressed input file which is gzip and bzip2. This research goal is to improve a computing performance of wordcount job using a different Hadoop compression option. We have 2 scenarios had been test in a study as follows: Scenario I, we use data compression with map output, results found the better execution-time with only snappy and deflate in a raw-text input file. It refers to compression of map output which cans not improve a computing performance than uncompressed. Scenario II, we use a compressed input file with bzip2 with the uncompressed MapReduce that results find a similar execution-time between raw-text and bzip2. It refers to a bzip2 input file can reduce a disk space and keep a computing performance. In concluding, Hadoop compression can investigate the wordcount MapReduce execution-time with a bzip2 input file in Hadoop cluster.
A Minimal C-Peptide Sampling Method to Capture Peak and Total Prehepatic Insulin Secretion in Model-Based Experimental Insulin Sensitivity Studies

Aims and Background: Model-based insulin sensitivity testing via the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) or similar is clinically very intensive due to the need for frequent sampling to accurately capture the dynamics of insulin secretion and clearance. The goal of this study was to significantly reduce the number of samples required in intravenous glucose tolerance test protocols to accurately identify C-peptide and insulin secretion characteristics. Methods: Frequently sampled IVGTT data from 12 subjects [5 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) and 7 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)] were analyzed to calculate insulin and C-peptide secretion using a well-accepted C-peptide model. Samples were reduced in a series of steps based on the critical IVGTT profile points required for the accurate estimation of C-peptide secretion. The full data set of 23 measurements was reduced to sets with six or four measurements. The peak secretion rate and total secreted C-peptide during 10 and 20 minutes postglucose input and during the total test time were calculated. Results were compared to those from the full data set using the Wilcoxon rank sum to assess any differences. Results: In each case, the calculated secretion metrics were largely unchanged, within expected assay variation, and not significantly different from results obtained using the full 23 measurement data set (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Peak and total C-peptide and insulin secretory characteristics can be estimated accurately in an IVGTT from as few as four systematically chosen samples, providing an opportunity to minimize sampling, cost, and burden.
Experimental Measurements of the Power Consumption for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are obtaining a great relevancy in civil as military applications. These networks consist of a distributed set of sensor nodes which have very high restrictions for battery replacement and power consumption. Therefore, in order to give some recommendations to developers and optimize the energy spent of these devices, it is very signi cant to know how much power each component or basic operation consumes. In this paper we analyze the power consumption for wireless sensor networks. Our study focus in two basic operations: CPU state change and data transfer and receive. Our results show CPU state changing to low-power mode has a cost which must be taken into account to decide performing the transition. Also, we show an accurate measurement evaluation of the data transfer.
Modulation of N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine Metabolism by Black Raspberries in the Esophagus and Liver of Fischer 344 Rats

Abstract: Dietary freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) inhibit N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced tumorigenesis in the Fischer 344 rat esophagus. To determine the mechanistic basis of the anti-initiating effects of BRBs, NMBA metabolism was studied in esophageal explant cultures and in liver microsomes taken from rats fed with AIN-76A diet or AIN-76A diet containing 5% or 10% BRBs. Five percent and 10% dietary BRBs inhibited NMBA metabolism in explants (26% and 20%) and in microsomes (22% and 28%), but the inhibition was not dose dependent. To identify active inhibitory component(s) in BRBs, esophageal explants and liver microsomes from control rats were treated in vitro with an ethanol extract of BRBs or with individual components of BRBs [ellagic acid (EA) and two anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside)]. NMBA metabolism in explants was inhibited maximally by cyanidin-3-rutinoside (47%) followed by EA (33%), cyanidin-3-glucoside (23%), and the extract (11%). Similarly, in liver microsomes, the inhibition was maximal by cyanidin-3-rutinoside (47%) followed by EA (33%) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (32%). Phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), a potent inhibitor of NMBA tumorigenesis in rat esophagus, was a stronger inhibitor of NMBA metabolism in vivo and in vitro than BRBs or their components. Dietary BRBs and PEITC induced glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver.
Teoría e Interpretación en la Arqueología de la Muerte

La arqueologia de la muerte y la identidad es clave para comprender las sociedades preteritas. A traves de los restos de rituales funerarios, los arqueologos estudian no solo las actitudes y sentimientos que los individuos en el pasado desarrollaron en relacion a la muerte y el Mas Alla, sino tambien su cultura, sistema social y vision del mundo. Este articulo proporciona una vision y sintesis de uno de los campos de estudio mas relevantes en la investigacion, centrandose especialmente en las cuestiones teoricas que han alentado las diferentes aproximaciones al tema a lo largo del tiempo.
Mental Representation in Unilateral Neglect and Related Disorders: The Twentieth Bartlett Memorial Lecture

To receive an invitation to give a Bartlett Memorial Lecture is always a great honour. It is also, in my particular case, a challenge. Thirteen years ago I used the term “representational schema’’ in the title of one of my first papers on unilateral neglect and related issues (Bisiach, Luzzatti, & Perani, 1979). A bold claim was made in that paper, to the effect that investigation of unilateral neglect would improve our understanding of what Henry Head, Russell Brain, and Frederic Bartlett himself have referred to in terms of “body scheme”, and “scheme for external space”. This lecture affords me the opportunity of assessing the extent to which this claim has been substantiated-hence the challenge. There is certainly room for criticism, but I would plead at least one extenuating circumstance. Bartlett himself disliked the term “schema” because of its indeterminacy and excessive versatility (1932, pp. 200-201); nonetheless, he made excellent use of it as a working concept. Of the many morals to be drawn from his work, this I believe to be the most relevant to the present issue. No matter how difficult to define, the hypothetical construct alluded to by the term “schema” constitutes one of the major problems of cognitive psychology and neurobiology. I hope to demonstrate that the study of unilateral neglect and related issues has offered, and may continue to offer, a three-
Quantitative measurement of cancer metabolism using stimulated echo hyperpolarized carbon‐13 MRS

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized substrates allows for the observation of label exchange catalyzed by enzymes providing a powerful tool to investigate tissue metabolism and potentially kinetics in vivo. However, the accuracy of current methods to calculate kinetic parameters has been limited by T1 relaxation effects, extracellular signal contributions, and reduced precision at lower signal‐to‐noise ratio.
A single mutation in one of the core elements of moloney murine leukemia virus reduced binding of a 42‐kDa T lymphoma cell nuclear factor but did not affect lymphomagenesis

The genetic determinant responsible for virulence in Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) induced T‐cell lymphomagenesis has recently been mapped [J Virol 63:471–480, 1989] by homologous genomic fragment exchange between MoMuLV and MoMuLV‐TB to the Clal/Xbal at the 3' end of the genome. This region of MoMuLV and MoMuLV‐TB differs in 11 nucleotides. Of these 11 nucleotide differences, 9 are distributed within the two CORE, the two distal NF1, and the two GRE/LVa elements of the enhancer. Since both the CORE binding sites of MoMuLV‐TB are mutated with respect to those of MoMuLV, we compared nuclear proteins of a thymusbone marrow cell line and a T‐lymphoma cell line (EMT), which bind to the wild‐type and mutant CORE binding sites. Using both the bandshift assay and southwestern analysis with labeled synthetic deoxyoligonucleotides, we showed that a 42‐kDa protein from TB and EMT cells bound specifically to the MoMuLV CORE element. The T SSC transversion of nucleotide 6 of the CORE consensus, TGTGGT/CTAA, significantly reduced binding of the 42‐kDa TB and EMT cell factors. However, the transversion of nucleotide 3 from T →C had little effect on the binding of the 42‐kDa protein to the CORE element. In addition, the 42‐kDa protein bound weakly to the CCAAT element of MoMuLV. A recombinant virus, NwtTB‐6, was generated by introducing the two CORE mutations of MoMuLV‐TB into the MoMuLV genome. Although the latency period of NwtTB‐6 in the induction of lymphoma was not significantly different from that of MoMuLV, preliminary findings suggest that the lymphoma induced by NwtTB‐6 may be more widely distributed.
Cambios estructurales y funcionales del ventrículo derecho en deportistas de alto rendimiento evaluados por ecocardiografía con strain por speckle tracking

Disponible en http://www.insuficienciacardiaca. org Introducción. El entrenamiento físico intenso se asocia a cambios cardíacos estructurales tanto del ventrículo izquierdo como del ventrículo derecho (VD). Sin embargo, no hay estudios en atletas argentinos que valoren con técnicas ecocardiográficas actuales dichos cambios, con el fin de reconocer precozmente aquellos que presentan dilataciones o hipertrofias patológicas que puedan asociarse a aumento del riesgo de muerte súbita. Objetivo. Evaluar la anatomía, función y comportamiento del VD en deportistas que realizan actividades isométricas o estáticas (GE), isotónicas o dinámicas (GD) y compararlo con pacientes controles no deportistas (GC). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ecocardiograma transtorácico, evaluando principalmente el VD a través del TAPSE, los diámetros diastólicos y sistólicos, el Doppler tisular (DTI), y el strain y strain rate por speckle tracking. Resultados. Incluimos 117 pacientes, 11 en GE, 56 en GD, y 50 controles. En los deportistas el acortamiento longitudinal con strain rate a nivel apical y basal, el diámetro diastólico apical y basal, el diámetro sistólico basal, las ondas S, E y A a nivel basal de la pared libre del VD por DTI, y las ondas S y E a nivel medio de la pared libre del VD por DTI mostraron diferencias significativas, con valores mayores en el grupo de deportistas tanto estáticos como dinámicos. Conclusión. Nuestro estudio demostró que los diámetros mayores del VD en los deportistas sanos se asocian a aumento de la deformación miocárdica medida por DTI y a través del acortamiento longitudinal del strain.
Heart rate, contingent negative variation, and evoked potentials during anticipation of affective stimulation.

Thirteen subjects low in fear of mutilation and 11 subjects high in this fear were exposed to repeated presentations of a 6-sec tone followed by slides depicting a mutilated body or a 6-sec tone of a different frequency paired with a slide of a neutral scene. For both groups, the N140 component of the evoked potential was larger following the signal for gruesome slides. Slow EEG activity displayed two negative waves. Notably, the late CNV wave was present even though a motor response was not required at the end of the foreperiod. Overall, high-fear subjects' early waves tended to be larger preceding neutral scenes than gruesome slides, whereas low-fear subjects showed a trend in the opposite direction. Similar but largely nonsignificant trends were present for the late wave. Heart rate reactions of both groups in the foreperiod included an early deceleration, acceleration, and a late deceleration. Among high-fear subjects both the acceleratory and late deceleratory limbs were greater preceding mutilation than neutral slides. In contrast, low-fear subjects' reactions lacked the acceleratory reaction and did not vary as a function of type of warning signal. These results, therefore, indicate differential autonomic patterns of anticipation of affective stimulation as a function of individual differences in fear.
Cloning and expression analysis of two ROR-γ homologues ( ROR-γ a 1 and ROR-γ a 2 ) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykis s

This paper describes the cloning and characterisation of two retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-γ homologues (ROR-γa1 and -γa2) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The coding region predicted for both homologues consists of 1,410 base pairs (bp), which translate into two 469 amino acid (aa) proteins. The trout ROR-γs revealed a high conservation of both DNAand ligand-binding domains (functional regions of the nuclear receptor family), and shared a high homology to mammalian ROR-γt. A phylogenetic tree containing ROR family members confirmed that both trout homologues clustered within the ROR-γ group. Both results suggested that these molecules are likely to be ROR-γ homologues, more similar to the mammalian splice variant ROR-γt than the full length ROR-γ. Expression analysis of tissues obtained from healthy fish revealed highest constitutive expression of trout ROR-γ in muscle, followed by the brain, heart and skin. This suggests that these genes may play an important role in such tissues. In vitro studies, using trout cell lines, demonstrated that ROR-γ is induced significantly by LPS and downregulated by the presence of PolyI:C and recombinant interferon (IFN)-γ. Moreover, analysis of this gene in head kidney macrophages and mixed primary leucocyte cultures indicated that differences were apparent between the different cell types/sources used, indicating that its expression may be cell-type dependent. Additional studies to investigate the regulation of this gene in vivo demonstrated that its expression was significantly higher in vaccinated vs unvaccinated fish following bacterial (Yersinia ruckeri) challenge but it was down-regulated after a viral (VHSV) infection. This suggests a potential role of trout ROR-γ, a putative TH17 transcription factor, in protection against extracellular bacteria.
Design of a compact 6-DOF haptic interface

In this paper we propose a new compact 6-DOF haptic interface with large workspace. It contains a newly developed five bar spatial gimbal mechanism for orientation, placed on a modified Delta parallel-link mechanism. The motion range of each axis of the five bar mechanism is over /spl plusmn/70 degrees. Quick motions can be realized easily due to the parallelism inherent to both the modified Delta substructure and the five bar substructure.