Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gas-Liquid Transient Flow Analysis in Deformable Pipes

To study the transient flow in homogeneous gas-liquid mixtures in deformable pipes, a mathematical model based on the gas-fluid mass ratio is presented. The density of the fluid is defined by an average of both fluid components. A relationship between the pressure and the cross-section of the pipe is developed taking into account the fluid-structure interaction. The two constitutive equations, conservation of mass and momentum, yield a set of partial differential equations which are solved by the irregular grid method characteristics method. The obtained results show that the pressure wave propagation is significantly influenced by the fluid compressibility and the pipe wall elasticity.
Antidiarrhoeal Potentiality of Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts from M. oleifera leaves by evaluating its potential as antibacterial (against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae), antisecretory and antipropulsive agent.
Private Protected Areas in Latin America: Between conservation, sustainability goals and economic interests. A review

Worldwide, but particularly in Latin America, private protected areas (PPAs), including in mountain areas, have become increasingly numerous. In some Latin American countries, PPAs complement the public protected areas to a significant degree. Beneficiaries of these private protection initiatives, which often close gaps in fragmented biomes, may be governments or eco-tourism operators. Drawbacks of PPAs are the lack of clear definitions and ownership, the absence of suitable management, green grabbing, and limited government support. This article gives an overview of PPAs in mountain regions and presents the most important literature published so far.
A temperate former West Antarctic ice sheet suggested by an extensive zone of subglacial meltwater channels

Several recent studies predict that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will become increasingly unstable under warmer conditions. Insights on such change can be assisted through investigations of the subglacial landscape, which contains imprints of former ice-sheet behavior. Here, we present radio-echo sounding data and satellite imagery revealing a series of ancient large sub-parallel subglacial bed channels preserved in the region between the Moller and Foundation Ice Streams, West Antarctica. We suggest that these newly recognized channels were formed by significant meltwater routed along the icesheet bed. The volume of water required is likely substantial and can most easily be explained by water generated at the ice surface. The Greenland Ice Sheet today exemplifies how significant seasonal surface melt can be transferred to the bed via englacial routing. For West Antarctica, the Pliocene (2.6–5.3 Ma) represents the most recent sustained period when temperatures could have been high enough to generate surface melt comparable to that of present-day Greenland. We propose, therefore, that a temperate ice sheet covered this location during Pliocene warm periods.
Improving Silicon Integrated Antennas by Substrate Micromachining: a Study of Etching Patterns

One of the main drawbacks of antenna integration on standard CMOS silicon substrates are the low radiation e-ciency levels obtained due to the high silicon losses. This paper studies the use of micromachining techniques to remove silicon beneath the antenna as a solution to improve radiation e-ciency. Several etching patterns are analyzed for difierent etching depths through simulations and measurements in order to flnd out which are the best ones for the micromachining process. Results are verifled in two operating scenarios.
Utilization of Rice Protein Concentrate in Siberian Sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii Brandt) Nutrition

The aim of this research is the substitution of fish meal with rice protein concentrate (RPC) in the nutrition of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) diet. 240 sturgeons of initial mean body weight of 19.1±6.7 g were used. 3 isonitrogeonous (CP 42.4%) and isoenergetic (19.9 KJg DM) diets were formulated with 20% of RPC inclusion (R20), 35% inclusion (R35), 53% inclusion (R53) against a control diet, fish meal based (FM); feeding ratio was 1.5% of BW. All the diets and fish fillets were analyzed to determine the proximate composition. The diet amino acid composition was measured and fillet colour was detected at the end of experimentation. Fish growth showed very good performances of sturgeon fed with high RPC inclusion, but these data were not considered conclusive because of technical problems during the experimentation. However, considering that the highest level of RPC in the sturgeon diets corresponded to an almost complete substitution of fish meal in the fish diet, the result obtained from fish quality analysis showed no adverse effect of experimental diets, with the only limitation of high muscle lipid storage, in fish fed with highest level of RPC inclusion.
Effect of Photon Flux Density and Exogenous Sucrose on the Photosynthetic Performance during In Vitro Culture of Castanea sativa

The low photon flux density (PFD) under in vitro conditions and sucrose added to the culture medium negatively limits the photochemical activity and photoprotective mechanisms of microshoots. In this work we hypothesize that decreasing sucrose in the culture medium in combination with increasing irradiance, could improve the photosynthesis and consequently the in vitro growth. We evaluated the effect of exogenous sucrose (30 and 5 g·L-1, HS and LS, respectively), under different PFD (50 and 150 μmol photons m-2·s-1, LL and HL, respectively) on the photosynthetic performance and growth of Castanea sativa microshoots. Decreasing sucrose negatively affected the physiological attributes evaluated. Only chloroplast ultrastructure was improved by LS; however this did not lead to an improved in photosynthesis or growth. HL HS produced an increase in photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll contents, reaching under these conditions a higher proliferation rate and biomass production. Additionally, the photochemical activity (electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching) was improved by HL. Thus, our results suggest that, at least for C. sativa HL is beneficial during the in vitro culture, improving photosynthetic performance as well as growth, but this is only possible in the presence of moderate concentrations of sucrose added to the culture medium.
The Influence of Non-Homogeneous Material Propertieson ElasticWave Propagation in Fluid-Filled Boreholes

This paper implements a numerical method based on the mutual coupling of the boundary element method (BEM) and the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method to simulate elastic wave propagation in fluid-filled boreholes. The fluid-solid interaction is solved in the frequency domain assuming longitudinally invariant geometry in the axial direction (2.5D formulation). This model is used to assess the influence of the non-homogeneous material properties of a borehole wall that can be caused by a damaged zone, construction process or the ageing of material. The BEM is used to model propagation within the unbounded homogeneous domain and the fluid domain inside the borehole and the MLPG method is used to simulate the confined, non-homogeneous, surrounding damaged borehole. The advantages of MLPG in modeling non-homogeneous bounded media and the advantage of BEM in modeling unbounded homogeneous material are thus exploited. The coupling of the two numerical techniques is accomplished directly at the nodal points located at the common interface. Boundary conditions at the interfaces are imposed through the collocation of continuity equations at the interface by means of the moving least-squares (MLS) scheme. At the solid-solid interface, continuity of stresses and displacements is imposed, while continuity of normal stresses and displacements and null shear stress are prescribed at the fluid-solid interface. The validity of the coupled BEM-MLPG approach is confirmed against the results provided by an analytical solution developed for a circular multi-layered subdomain, in which the central fluid domain is surrounded by a circular non-homogeneous elastic region whose material properties vary radially. Finally, the example of an unbounded medium containing two fluid-filled boreholes excited by a blast load is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.
Impact of coastal transportation emissions on inland air pollution over Israel: Utilizing numerical simulations, airborne measurements, and synoptic analyses

[1] The detection of high ozone levels over large inland areas in Israel during the early, mid and late summer triggered an analysis of air mass back-trajectories. This, in turn, pointed to the transportation system in the metropolitan coastal Tel Aviv region as the possible origin of the ozone’s precursors. To link the daily dynamics of rush hour transportation emissions to inland air pollution, in general, and airborne ozone measurements, in particular, an interdisciplinary modeling system was established. The simulations of transportation-to-inland air pollution integrated transportation, emission factor, atmospheric, transport/diffusion, and photochemical models. The modeling results elucidated a spatial and temporal overlap between the ozone precursors and ozone production. The model simulations indicated east to southeasterly dispersion of the pollution cloud. The results agreed well with both spatial and temporal ozone levels as recorded by aircraft over central Israel, as well as with ground-based monitoring station observations. The impact of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area as well as the Gaza Strip, as pivotal coastal transportation sources for inland air pollution in general and ozone formation in particular, is discussed. The synoptic analysis identified the conditions prevailing when elevated air pollution, and especially high ozone levels, exists over central Israel. The analysis showed that this season features a shallow mixed layer and weak zonal flow, which leads to poor ventilation rates and inhibit efficient dispersion of this secondary pollutant. These poor ventilation rates result in the slow transport of ozone precursors, enabling their photochemical transformation under intense solar radiation during their travel from the coast inland. Under these conditions, model results showed that traffic emissions during the morning rush hour from the Tel Aviv metropolitan area contribute about 60% to the observed ozone concentrations. INDEX TERMS: 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); KEYWORDS: air pollution, numerical atmospheric modeling, transportation model, emission factors, photochemical model, ozone, photochemical aged air mass
An Investigation Into the Impact of Limiting Carbon Emissions on the Korean Power System and the Electricity Market

To address mounting concerns over global warming, the Paris Agreement was reached in December 2015, which aims to limit the increase in global average temperature. South Korea has set a highly ambitious target to reduce emissions and submitted an Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). Based on the INDC, we investigated the impact of limiting carbon emissions on the power system and the electricity market in Korea. Through detailed simulations on assumed plausible scenarios, this work highlights a) the effects of different carbon emission targets on the annual carbon emission volumes, generation costs, and carbon price; b) the generation mix changes induced by carbon emission limits; and c) the difference in system marginal price and payments for generator owners that carbon emission constraint creates in electricity markets under three different pricing rules.
Determination of Vertical Velocity Field of Southernmost Longitudinal Valley in Eastern Taiwan: A Joint Analysis of Leveling and GPS Measurements

In order to provide a detailed vertical velocity field in southernmost Longitudinal Valley where shows a complex three-fault system at the plate suture between Philippine Sea plate and Eurasia, we conducted leveling and GPS measurements, compiled data from previous surveys and combined them into a single data set. We compiled precise leveling results from 1984 to 2009, include 5 E-W trending and one N-S trending routes. We calculated the GPS vertical component from 10 continuous stations and from 89 campaign-mode stations from 1995 to 2010. The interseismic vertical rates are estimated by removing the co- and post-seismic effects of major large regional and nearby earthquakes. A stable continuous station S104 in the study area was adopted as the common reference station. We finally establish a map of the interseismic vertical velocity field. The interseismic vertical deformation was mainly accommodated by creeping/thrusting along two east-dipping strands of the three-fault system: the Luyeh and Lichi faults. The most dominant uplift of 30 mm yr^(-1) occurs at the hanging wall of the Lichi fault on the western Coastal Range. However the rate diminishes away from the fault in the hanging wall. The Quaternary tablelands inside of the Longitudinal Valley reveals uplift with a rate of 5 - 10 mm yr^(-1). Outside of the tablelands, the rest of the Longitudinal Valley flat area indicates substantial subsidence of -10 to -20 mm yr^(-1). Finally, it appears that the west-dipping blind fault under the eastern side of the Central Range does not play a significant role on interseismic deformation with subsidence rate of -5 to -10 mm yr^(-1).
Homoclinic chaos and the Poincaré-Melnikov method

In this thesis is to describe the use of the Poincare-Melnikov method in the detection of homoclinic phenomena, and hence chaotic dynamics. After a short review of the theory of dynamical system, it is introduced the Poincare-Melnikov method and its extension to the case of heteroclinic orbits. An application of this method is given in the last chapter, where it is shown a case of success and a case of failure in the detection of chaos. Results are confirmed through numerical evidence.
Effects of Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Therapy on DNA Damage Products in Urine and Tissue After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that embryonic neural stem cell (ENSC) therapy reduces neuronal DNA damage in the lesional spinal cord (SC) region and assessed the significance of some DNA breakdown products in urine and tissue samples as biomarkers of efficiency of the ENSC therapy. Material and Methods: DNA damage was measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE/Comet Assay) in spinal cord tissue of rats 7 (acute group) and 28 (chronic group) days after surgical resections of a 10 mm segment of the cord below T8-T9 and sham operations. As biomarkers of DNA damage, urinary 5-(hydroxymethyl) uracil (5HMU) and 2'deoxyuridine (2dU) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ED). Results: Comet scores of the lesioned tissues were significantly higher in the acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) compared to the sham operated groups (p=0.009 and p=0.009, respectively). After the ENSC transplantation, tail %, tail length and tail moment (T%, TL and TM, respectively) decreased in acute (p=0.009, p=0.009 and p=0.009, respectively) and chronically (p=0.009, p=0.009, p=0.009 respectively) injured rats. 5HMU and 2dU were significantly higher in the acute and the chronic groups than in the sham operated groups (p=0.009 and p=0.009, respectively). 5HMU concentration in the acute SCI group had a stronger correlation strongly with tail moment (r=0.9039, p=0.02). In the chronic injury group, 5HMU and 2dU concentrations correlated significantly with tail length (r=0.9990, p=0.001 and r=0.9272, p=0.016, respectively). While 5HMU seems to be a better biomarker for acute injury, both HMU and 2dU excretions increase in chronic damage. Besides, neurological functions of all the study animals were measured with the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ENSC therapy of the lesioned tissue significantly decreased the levels of DNA breakdown products in urine and tissue samples of rats with acute and chronic SCI. Assessment of neurological recovery with the BBB test confirmed these findings.
Marine Gas Hydrates: Seismic Observations of Bottom-simulating Reflectors off the West Coast of Canada and the East Coast of India

Naturally occurring gas hydrates are estimated to contain a very large amount of methane, a potential clean hydrocarbon fuel resource (Figure 1). Estimates of total global methane in hydrate exceed the known combustible hydrocarbon reserves, i.e., W Gt (10" tonnes) of carbon or 6 x W Tcf (trillion cubic feet) of methane [e.g., Kvenvolden, 1988; MacDonald, 1990; Kvenvolden, 1993] (Figure 2). Because methane is a very strong atmospheric greenhouse gas, second only to CO 2 , natural gas hydrates may also play a role in climate change. For example, release to the atmosphere of methane in hydrates resulting from a climatic warming could strongly enhance the warming trend [e.g., Nisbet, 1990].
Peat decomposition – shaping factors, significance in environmental studies and methods of determination; a literature review

Abstract A review of literature data on the degree of peat decomposition – an important parameter that yields data on environmental conditions during the peat-forming process, i.e., humidity of the mire surface, is presented. A decrease in the rate of peat decomposition indicates a rise of the ground water table. In the case of bogs, which receive exclusively atmospheric (meteoric) water, data on changes in the wetness of past mire surfaces could even be treated as data on past climates. Different factors shaping the process of peat decomposition are also discussed, such as humidity of the substratum and climatic conditions, as well as the chemical composition of peat-forming plants. Methods for the determination of the degree of peat decomposition are also outlined, maintaining the division into field and laboratory analyses. Among the latter are methods based on physical and chemical features of peat and microscopic methods. Comparisons of results obtained by different methods can occasionally be difficult, which may be ascribed to different experience of researchers or the chemically undefined nature of many analyses of humification.
Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plants of Theobroma grandiflorum Schum and Paullinia cupana Mart. of an agroforestry system in Central Amazonia, Amazonas State, Brazil

The seasonal dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) was investigated in the rhizosphere of two fruit species in a terra firme (upland) ecosystem in Central Amazonia. Two host species (Theobroma grandiflorum and Paullinia cupana) and nine sampling months (August, September and December/1998, February, April, May and December/1999, February and May/2000) were studied in a completely randomized design, with five replications, set in a 2 x 9 factorial experiment. Soil (0-20 cm depth) and root samples were collected between August 1998 and May 2000. The mean percent colonization of AMF for both species reached maximal values in February and May 2000 (rainy season). In April and May 1999, February and May 2000 (rainy season) the highest AMF spore numbers were registered. The pluvial precipitation was significantly positively correlated with AMF number spores for both fruit species, and significant positive correlation only with AMF colonization of P. cupana. Soil moisture content was positively correlated with colonization and spore numbers of AMF for both species evaluated. AMF colonization and AMF spore numbers of T. grandiflorum were positively correlated with soil Mg and K concentrations. AMF spore numbers of T. grandiflorum were also negatively correlated with effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC). AMF colonization and AMF spore numbers in the rhizosphere of P. cupana were positively correlated with pH and Mn concentrations. AMF colonization was also positively correlated with AMF spore numbers for both species evaluated. In conclusion, this study showed that AMF colonization and sporulation are seasonal and dependent on host plant species, pluvial precipitation, soil moisture content and soil chemistry in Central Amazonia conditions.
The use of early lactation milk protein content to predict subsequent fertility performance and likelihood of culling, in commercial dairy cows.

A dataset of 1,846,990 completed lactation record,; was created Using milk recording data from 8,967 commercial dairy farms in the United Kingdom over a five year period. Herd-specific lactation curves describing levels of milk, Cat and protein by lactation number and month of calving were generated for each farm. The actual yield of milk and protein proportion at the first milk recording of individual cow lactations were compared with the levels taken from the lactation curves. Logistic regression analysis showed that cows production milk with a lower percentage of protein than average had a significantly lower probability of being in-calf at 100 days post calving and it significantly higher probability of being culled at the end of lactation. The culling rates derived from the studied database demonstrate the current high wastage rate of commercial dairy cows. Well of this wastage is due to involuntary culling as a result of reproductive failure.
Effect of growth rate on slaughter value and meat quality of pigs

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between rate of growth, muscling and physicochemical traits of meat. Subjects were Polish Large White, Polish Landrace and Pietrain gilts tested at a performance station. Throughout the fattening period, animals were kept in individual pens and fed ad libitum. Gilts were assigned based on their daily gains to either a high-gain (over 850 g) or low-gain group (below 849 g). It was shown that low-gain (slower-gaining) animals were about 20 days older at slaughter compared to gilts with high daily gains. At the same time, the longer period of fattening to 100 kg body weight caused a significantly higher feed consumption per kg weight gain. The results of post-slaughter evaluation showed a significant relationship between daily feed intake and carcass meat content. Lower fat content and greater muscling were found in animals with a lower daily feed intake. This shows that animals from this group were more efficient in conversion of dietary protein into meat protein. The rate of growth had no significant effect on meat quality characteristics.
Complementarity in R&D Cooperation Strategies

This paper assesses the performance effects of simultaneous engagement in R&D cooperation with different partners (competitors, clients, suppliers, and universities and research institutes). We test whether these different types of R&D cooperation are complements in improving productivity. The results suggest that the joint adoption of cooperation strategies could be either beneficial or detrimental to firm performance, depending on firm size and specific strategy combinations. Customer cooperation helps to increase market acceptance and diffusion of product innovations and enhances the impact of competitor and university cooperation. On the other hand, smaller firms also face diseconomies in pursuing multiple R&D cooperation strategies, which may stem from higher costs and complexity of simultaneously managing multiple partnerships with different innovation objectives.