Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision of the genus Chrysaora Peron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Revision of the scyphozoan genus Chrysaora Peron & Lesueur, 1810 was undertaken from observations on museum material (Brazil, Europe, and USA), on living specimens in nature, and on life-cycles of some species cultured under laboratory conditions. A total of 168 museum lots, some of them having many medusae, were inspected. Included amongst these were nine type specimens. The genus comprises 13 valid species (Chrysaora achlyos, C. chinensis, C. colorata, C. fulgida, C. fuscescens, C. hysoscella, C. lactea, C. melanaster, C. pacifica, C. pentastoma, C. plocamia, and C. quinquecirrha), one species inquirenda (Chrysaora caliparea), and two doubtful species (C. kynthia and C. wurlerra). Differentiation of species is based mostly on tentacle number, shape of radial septa, order of tentacle development, colouration, and measurements of nematocysts. We resurrect C. chinensis for specimens from southeast Asia. Chrysaora pacifica is considered valid and distinct from C. melanaster based on tentacle number and nematocyst complement. Mediterranean specimens assigned to C. hysoscella are hermaphroditic and thereby considered distinct from those of C. fulgida from west Africa. Chrysaora achlyos (northeast Pacific) and C. plocamia (southeast Pacific and southwest Atlantic) are geographically isolated but morphologically identical, being distinguished only by colour pattern. The recently described C. southcotti is considered a junior synonym of C. pentastoma. The Australian C. kynthia and C. wurlerra, here considered nomina dubia, merit further study. Our phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the genus Chrysaora forms a monophyletic group, with C. colorata, C. plocamia, and C. achlyos having a basal position in the phylogeny. Species with more than 24 tentacles (formerly assigned to the genus Dactylometra) form a clade with a derived position.
New Insights into the High‐Pressure Processing of Meat and Meat Products

Abstract: For years, high-pressure processing has been viewed as useful for pasteurizing food while maintaining the quality of fresh food. However, even at moderate pressure, this process is not without effects on food, especially on meat products. These effects are especially important because pressure greater than 400 MPa is generally necessary to achieve efficient microbial inactivation. In this review, recent advances in the understanding of the impacts of high pressure on the overall quality of raw and processed meat are discussed. Many factors, including meat product formulation and processing parameters, can influence the efficiency of high pressure in pasteurizing meat products. It appears that new strategies are applied either (i) to improve the microbial inactivation that results from high pressure while minimizing the adverse effects of high pressure on meat quality or (ii) to take advantage of changes in meat attributes under high pressure. Most of the time, multiple preservation factors or techniques are combined to produce safe, stable, and high-quality food products. Among the new applications of high-pressure techniques for meat and meat-derivative products are their use in combination with temperature manipulation to texturize and pasteurize new meat products simultaneously.
Validasi Areal Terbakar dengan Metode Normalized Burning Ratio Menggunkan UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle): Studi Kasus

Kebakaran hutan merupakan suatu bentuk bencana yang di picu oleh faktor alam maupun faktor kelalaian ma-nusia, bencana ini mempunyai dampak terhadap aspek-aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Salah satu dampaknya adalah de-gradasi hutan dan lahan terutama keanekaragaman hayati didalamnya. Untuk dapat menyusun rencana rehabilitasi pasca kebakaran pada wilayah yang luas dibutuhkan data area terbakar yang sudah terklasifikasi tingkat keparahan terbakarnya. Pada penelitian ini akan melakukan validasi tingkat keparahan terbakar pada kebakaran tahun 2015 di kawasan hutan gambut Merang-Kepayang. Data areal terbakar diturunkan dengan metoda Normalized Burning Ratio dari Citra Landsat 8 yang menggunakan kanal Near Infra Red (NIR) dan kanal Short Wave Infra Red (SWIR), dari perhitungan metoda NBR dihasilkan nilai ambang batas keparahan terbakar yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan rentang nilai reflektansi yaitu unburned bernilai -1.02 - 0.29 μm, low bernilai 0.29 - 0.42 μm, moderate bernilai 0.42 - 0.55 μm, dan moderate extreme 0.55 - 0.80 μm. Setelah dilakukan klasifikasi tingat keparahan terbakar, kemudian dilakukan validasi hasil klasifikasi menggunakan foto udara dari Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) dengan 31 titik pengamatan lapangan dengan ketinggian terbang rata-rata 100 m dari permukaan tanah. Validasi menggunakan confusion matrix antara nilai reflektansi dan klasi-fikasi visual foto udara. Hasil validasi menyatakan bahwa akurasi keseluruhan adalah 70.97 % artinya tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai indeks NBR dan klasifikasi lapangan. Dan juga nilai Koefisen Kappa 0.59 yang berarti hasil klasifikasi tersebut mampu mampu menghindari 59.2% kesalahan yang akan muncul pada klasifikasi lapangan.
Siderophores in relation to plant growth and disease

I NTRODUC TION . 1 87 FERRICHROME . 189 RHODOTORULIC ACID. 191 FERRIOXAMINES . 192 FUSARININES . 193 SCHIZOKINEN . 194 ENTEROBACTI N . 196 AGROBACTIN . 197 RHIZOBACTIN . 198 PSEUDOBACTIN. 199 PHYTOSIDEROPHORES . 201 C ONCLUSION . 203
Resource partitioning based on body size contributes to the species diversity of wood‐boring beetles and arboreal nesting ants

The need to understand the mechanisms enhancing species coexistence and diversity is one of the central issues of community ecology. Theoretical work suggests that resource partitioning based on body size contributes to the coexistence of competing species, resulting in increased species diversity. Nevertheless, few empirical studies have investigated this. The species composition of wood‐dwelling arthropods was surveyed to examine resource partitioning based on body size in the dead wood of the ubame oak (Quercus phillyraeoides A. Grey) trees. Greater resource sizes (larger dead wood diameter) retained a lower overall density of wood‐dwelling beetles per resource volume, greater total beetle biomass per resource volume and larger bodied individuals of the dominant species (Cerambycidae; Anaglyptus nipponensis Bates). A gradient in the species composition of arboreal ant assemblages along resource size and a positive correlation between resource size and ant body size was observed. These results suggest that the incidence of wood‐boring beetles was limited by the size of the available resource, resulting in resource partitioning by the ants according to the sizes of galleries made by the beetles. Our findings indicate that resource size leads both directly and indirectly to body size‐dependent resource partitioning in beetle and ant assemblages, and contributes to the maintenance of species coexistence in the assemblages present in dead wood.
What and how do maggots smell?

The olfactory response of maggots (the larvae of cyclorrhaphous flies) and its neuroanatomical basis have been a subject for scientific investigation since the 17th century, preoccupying both fundamental and applied scientists. Despite its apparently arcane nature, the subject raises a series of major neurobiological problems, in particular, the relationship between the number of odours that can be detected and the apparently simple systems of detection and processing available to larvae. Molecular biological techniques in both neuroanatomy and cell biology have made it possible to begin to resolve some of these problems, if data from a wide range of studies are integrated. Four sectors of research on a large number of species are reviewed: the behaviour involved in the olfactory response, the wide range of odours that can be detected, the neuroanatomical basis of olfaction in cyclorrhaphous larvae and the number of receptors involved in detecting these odours. Finally, a neuroanatomical model of olfactory processing is presented, together with perspectives for future research, emphasising the importance of studying the ecology of the species under investigation.
Efeito fundador da mutação E180splice no gene do receptor de hormônio de crescimento identificada em pacientes brasileiros com insensibilidade ao GH

We studied the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in 6 patients with Laron syndrome (LS) from 4 unrelated families. Exons 2 to 10 were amplified by PCR using specific intronic pairs of primers. The PCR products were directly sequenced. Our results showed that all 6 patients carried a homozygous GAG>GAA mutation in codon 180 of exon 6. This mutation did not change the translated amino acid, but created an abnormal splice site deleting 8 amino acids from the extracellular domain of GHR. Members of all 4 kindreds with the E180splice mutation were genotyped for 4 polymorphic intragenic sites: The retention or exclusion of exon 3, single nucleotide polymorphisms present in exons 6 and 10, and intron 9 polymorphic site. All 6 patients presented the same haplotype. The E180splice mutation was first described in a population of Spanish descendants from the Andes of Southern Ecuador. This mutation was also found in oriental Jewish patients from Israel. Our families share the same intron-9 haplotype observed in Ecuadorian and Israeli patients. We conclude that the E180splice mutation is an important cause of LS in Brazil and there is probably a founder effect since our patients, Ecuadorian and Israeli patients share the same haplotype in intron 9.
Degradation of tetraethyllead during the degradation of leaded gasoline hydrocarbons in soil

For over 50 years, leaded gasoline was the only fuel for automobiles, and tetraethyllead (TEL) was the major octane number enhancer used in leaded gasoline. Ample information is available on the fate and remediation of gasoline hydrocarbons in contaminated subsoils and groundwater. However, little is known regarding the fate of TEL in leaded gasoline‐contaminated subsoils and groundwater. In soil not contaminated with gasoline, TEL was rapidly degraded and completely disappeared in 14 d. In gasoline‐contaminated soil, TEL degradation was slower; after 77 d, 4 to 17% of the applied TEL still remained in the contaminated soil. Disappearance of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was initially rapid but slowed appreciably after 7 to 14 d. As a result, after 77 d, 33 to 51% of the applied gasoline still remained in soil. The retardation of TEL degradation in leaded gasoline‐contaminated soil is due to the presence of gasoline hydrocarbons. As long as gasoline hydrocarbons remain in soil, TEL may also remain in soil, most likely in the gasoline hydrocarbon phase.
A Splice Variant of Arrestin

Inactivation of photolyzed rhodopsin requires phosphorylation of the receptor and binding of the 48-kDa regulatory protein arrestin. We recently isolated a novel form of arrestin, termed pa, that is truncated at the COOH terminus (Palczewski, K., Buczylko, J., Ohguro, H., Annan, R. S., Carr, S. A, Crabb, J. W., Kaplan, M. W., Johnson, R. S., and Walsh, K. A. (1994) Protein Sci. 3, 319329) and strongly inhibits G, activation by non-phosphorylated rhodopsin. pU is identical to arrestin except at the COOH terminus, where the 35 amino acids of arrestin are replaced by a single alanine residue. p44 is identified as a splice variant of arrestin based on the identical cDNA sequence of p" with arrestin (except the 3' non-coding regions), the presence of an exodintron junction at the SerSm codon, and identical Southern hybridization patterns generated by the 3' non-coding portion of arrestin and p". Immunocytochemistry reveals that p" is localized in the photoreceptor outer segment, whereas arrestin is present throughout the cell. This specificity of localization to the outer segment is consistent with a role of pa in the phototransduction cascade.
MUTUALISMS AMONG SPECIES OF CORAL REEF SPONGES

Intimate associations among individuals of three common species of Carib- bean coral reef sponges can be mutually beneficial. Both growth rate and survival are enhanced when heterospecific sponges adhere to each other, as demonstrated by experiments in which sponges of the same size and genotype were grown (1) in intimate association with conspecific vs. heterospecific sponges, (2) alone vs. in intimate association with con- specific sponges, and (3) alone on the primary substratum vs. attached to an intact branch of a conspecific or heterospecific sponge. Natural development and long-term dynamics of these associations were observed in unmanipulated individuals and also modeled by an experiment in which branches were exchanged between neighboring sponges. The three species studied (Iotrochota birotulata, Amphimedon rubens,and Aplysina fulva) share an erect branching growth form but differ in tissue and skeletal characteristics sufficiently that they are in different orders of the Class Demospongiae. Reflecting these differences, the species are demonstrated to differ from each other in their susceptibility to a variety of environmental hazards, including predation by angelfishes and trunkfishes, predation by starfish, smothering by sediment, breakage by storm waves, pulverization by storm waves, toppling by storm waves, fragment mortality, and pathogens. Although the mechanisms by which growth rate is enhanced by adhering to a heterospecific sponge are unknown, these sponges appear to be able to decrease their loss rate by adhering tightly to sponges of species that differ from them in chemistry, tissue density, and skeletal construction, thereby increasing survival of hazards to which they would succumb when growing alone.
Comparative survey of helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Clarias pachynema (Boulenger, 1903) from the Ogun River and Asejire Dam in south-west Nigeria

A total of 250 randomly selected fish specimens consisting of 72 Clarias gariepinus and 51Clarias pachynema from Ogun River around the cattle market, Isheri, Ogun State. 73 C. pachynema and 54 C. gariepinus from Asejire Dam (which has not been reported to be polluted) in south-west Nigeria were sampled for helminth infection between September 2008 and February 2009. All helminthic infections observed and recorded were restricted to the stomach, intestine and gill chamber. The helminths recovered included three cestodes,Wenyonia sp. , Polyonchobothrium sp. and Pleurocercoid larva, a nematode, Procamallanussp. and one digenean, Clinostomum sp. Prevalence and mean intensity of parasitic infectionwere higher in specimens from the Ogun River than those from the Asejire Dam. Overall, parasite prevalence of 75 and 45.1% were recorded for C. gariepinus and C. pachynema from the Ogun River, respectively, while 25.9 and 31.5% were recorded for C. gariepinus and C. pachynema, respectively, for the Asejire Dam. Male C. gariepinus from the Ogun River had the highest infection rate (76.5%), while those from Asejire Dam had the lowest (21.43%). No significant difference in the prevalence of parasitic infection in relation to the host sizes (P > 0.05) was recorded; however, largest size fishes had no parasitic infection. Clinostomum sp.was found only in C. gariepinus and C. pachynema from Ogun River. Key words: Sharptooth catfish, Clarias pachynema, helminth parasites, south-west Nigeria.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF ARGIMONE MEXICANA

This study demonstrates the Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Argimone Mexicana. Inflammation was induced in mice by Croton oil induced ear edema, Croton oil induced capillary permeability and Cotton pellet granuloma pouch. Ethyl acetate extract of Argimone Mexicana was found to be certain chemicals like alkaloids and fixed oils. The lethal dose (LD 50) selected was 2000 mg/kg body weight. Hence experimental doses were selected as 1/10 and 1/5 dose of Argimone Mexicana extract. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Argimone Mexicana was compared with standard anti-inflammatory agent Indomethacin. The present investigation revealed that, Argimone Mexicana exhibit statistically significant anti-oxidant activity and extract at low dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg). The results showed statically significant reduction in ear edema, capillary permeability and in granuloma. This activity may be due to the presence of alkaloids and fixed oils.
Early conditions and fitness: effect of maternal parity on human life-history traits

Stable pair bonds are widespread in humans and reproductive success varies greatly among pairs. Determinants of fitness may be based on testosterone-dependent sexually dimorphic traits. Prenatal condition is a critical period of physical development, and fetal testosterone has a profound effect on adult behavior and reproduction. Maternal parity (the number of previous births) might be a proxy for fetal testosterone because the prenatal level of male sex hormone, testosterone, is previously shown to decrease across parities. Offspring reproductive potential may, therefore, be positively associated with low parity in sons and high in daughters, by different masculinization by testosterone. In this study, we explored the effects of maternal parity on offspring’s subsequent (individual and pair-specific) life histories including number of grandchildren (controlling for age at marriage, number of siblings, social status, and year of birth) in a Norwegian preindustrial society. We found that parity was a positive predictor of daughters’ and negative (but not significantly; P = 0.058) predictor of sons’ subsequent fitness. Furthermore, within the mated pairs, the difference between the parity of their 2 mothers was a strong predictor of each couple’s fitness. Sons born to mothers of low parity married to daughters from mothers with high parity had much higher number of grandchildren than, for example, sons of mothers with high parity married to daughters of mothers with low parity. The result highlights the importance of early prenatal condition on human life histories, particularly pair-bond duration and fitness, and that parity may have an impact on offspring pair-specific fitness in the studied population.
Study of Thin Film Tin Oxide for Reliability as Gas Sensing Material

Semiconductor Metal Oxide (SMO) films are widely used in gas sensors application. The SMO film is typically heated to an operating temperature of 100°C and above to sense the target gases, using a microheater. The stability and reliability of the microheater and the SMO is critical for making a sensing product out of it. The thermal stability of the dielectric films used in the integration along with the degradation of the sensitive film is the aim of our study. Exposure to high temperature, causes the different layers to expand differently. These layers have different thermal expansion coefficient, that when contracting cause the films to crack.
PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON SIDE IMPACT BEAM TUBE

Passenger cars endure side impact collisions which can quite prove fatal from the point of the availability of lesser crumple zone. Side impact beam (SIB) is equipped in passenger cars and other ground vehicles as a safety structural member. SIB strengthens the doors of the vehicles and lowers the risk factor in side collisions. This paper presents the parametric studies carried out on the side impact beam (SIB) tube. Material, outer diameter and thickness of the tube are the main parameters which can change the load carrying capacity and energy absorption characteristics of an SIB tube. In this regard, to improve the load carrying capacity and energy absorption characteristics it is beneficial to study the effect of each parameter on SIB tube. The proper combination of these parameters may improve the overall structural behavior of the tube. A Finite Element (FE) model using LS-Dyna has been developed for carrying out the parametric studies.
Digital Type CMOS-MEMS Cointegrated Pressure Sensor Fabricated Using Cost-Effective Minimal-Fab Process

The digital type CMOS-MEMS cointegrated pressure sensor with a CMOS ring oscillator on a thin diaphragm was fabricated using cost-effective minimal-fab process and the successful operation of the fabricated pressure sensor was demonstrated, for the first time. It was confirmed that about 40 kHz difference in the oscillation frequency is observed in the fabricated CMOS-MEMS cointegrated pressure sensor chip by changing pressures from -40 to +40 kPa. This result is originated from the drain current variations of the longitudinal $< \mathbf{110} >$ channel PMOSFETs of the CMOS ring oscillator owing to the piezoresistive effect. The developed CMOS-MEMS cointegrated pressure sensor is suitable for the application to the potable IoT sensor systems because it has a low-power consumption due to its all CMOS integration.
Knowledge-Intensive Decision Support System for Manufacturing Equipment Maintenance

: To ensure continuous production in industrial plants, the high valued manufacturing eqipments should be kept in good working conditions. This brings plants to search for means to control and reduce equipment failures. When faults emerge in plants, appropriate actions for fault diagnosis and reparation must be executed promptly and effectively to prevent large costs due to breakdowns. To provide reliable and effective maintenance support, the aid of advanced decision support technology utilizing previous repair experience is of crucial importance for the expert operators as it provides them valuable troubleshooting clues for new faults. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly, knowledge-based approach is promising for this domain. It captures efficiency of problem solving expertise from the domain experts; guides the expert operators in rapid fault detection and maintenance. This paper focuses on the design and development of a Knowledge-Intensive Decision Support System (KI-DSS) for Manufacturing Equipment Maintenance in industrial plants to support better maintenance decision and improve maintenance efficiency. With integration of casebased Reasoning and ontology, the Ki-DSS not only carries out data matching retrieval, but also performs semantic associated data access which is important for intelligent knowledge retrieval in decision support system. A case is executed to illustrate the use of the proposed KI-DSS to show the feasibility of our ap proach and the benefit of the ontology support. Categories
CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF PDE5 INHIBITORS FOR VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS

Phosphodiesterases are enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cAMP and /or cGMP and thereby regulates intracellular levels of second messangers. Inhibition of PDEs leads to increasing intracellular concentrations of endogenous cAMP/cGMP. Therefore, inhibition of PDE can mediate a variety of physiological mechanisms at different cell and organ levels. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) hydrolyses cyclic guanylate monophosphate (cGMP) specifically to 5' GMP. Strategies directed to promote inhibition of PDE5 activity have been applied as therapeutic tools in neuronal and cardiovascular conditions. The introduction of PDE5 inhibitors has revolutionised the treatment of erectile dysfunction(ED) and their safety, efficacy and ease of administration has made them the first line treatment for ED. This article reviews the current status and the future trends of various PDE5 inhibitors in erectile dysfunction as well as in other non erectogenic disorders.