Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postponement of Childbearing and Low Fertility in Europe

Europeanen stellen het ouderschap steeds verder uit. Vrouwen in Ierland, Italie, Frankrijk, Nederland, Spanje, Zweden en Zwitserland krijgen hun eerste kind na hun 28-jarige leeftijd, gemiddeld 4 jaar later dan de generatie van hun moeders. Gelijktijdig daalt de periode vruchtbaarheid tot ongekende lage niveaus, vooral in landen van Centraal en Oost Europa. In 2001 kende Europa een vruchtbaarheidscijfer (TFR) van 1.39. In alle post-communistische landen van Europa en alle landen van Zuid Europa (behalve Portugal) werd een TFR van minder dan 1.4 geregistreerd. In vijftien landen was de TFR lager dan 1.30. Deze twee trends – uitstel van het eerste kind en daling van de vruchtbaarheid tot ongekende lage niveaus – zijn aan elkaar gerelateerd. De centrale vraag in dit boek is of de zeer lage periode vruchtbaarheidscijfers in Europa het resultaat zijn van het uitstel van ouderschap (aangeduid als ‘tempo effect’) of van een daling van de vruchtbaarheidsniveau (aangeduid als ‘quantum effect’). Het uitstellen van ouderschap verstoort de periode vruchtbaarheid. De verstoring houdt op zodra de leeftijd waarop vrouwen kinderen krijgen stabiliseert. Een gevolg is dat vruchtbaarheids-indicatoren die transversaal gemeten worden een verkeerd beeld kunnen geven van de vruchtbaarheid. Deze studie besteedt relatief veel aandacht aan methodologie aspecten van vruchtbaarheidsindicatoren en aan alternatieven voor de veel gebruikte TFR. De andere onderwerpen die in deze studie aan bod komen, namelijk analyse en projectie van kinderloosheid in Europe and de Vereinigte Staaten en een analyse en interpretatie van vruchtbaarheidsveranderingen in Centraal en Oost Europa, zijn aan het uitstel van het ouderschap gerelateerd. Het onderzoek werd verricht in het kader van het project ‘Naar een scenariomodel voor economische determinanten van Europese bevolkingsdynamiek’, dat werd gefinancierd door de Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) [project nummer A 510-03-901]. Het doel van het project was een beter inzicht te verkrijgen in de determinanten van demografische processen (vruchtbaarheid, sterfte, binnenlandse en buitenlandse migratie, en de interactie tussen deze processen) met het oog op een betere theoretische en empirische onderbouwing van demografische scenario’s voor Europa en de Europese regio’s. Het onderzoek waarover in dit boek wordt gerapporteerd is gericht op de meest markante aspecten van de vruchtbaarheidstrends in Europa: lage en zeer lage periode vruchtbaarheid, uitstel van het eerste kind, en de dramatische transformatie van het gezin in Centraal en Oost Europa. Indien de gegevens dat toelaten wordt een gedetailleerd beeld gegeven van trends per land. Een grote verscheidenheid aan statistische gegevens wordt gebruikt, afkomstig van meerdere bronnen. Naast een bespreking van markante trends leidt deze studie tot inzicht in mogelijke toekomstige ontwikkelingen en scenario’s.
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le Observat ional heterarchy enhancing act ive coupling 著者

Heterarchy and the agent of self-organization are ones of most challengeable topics in complex systems. When the notion of heterarchy is generalized and dilated to general phenomena and is replaced by observational heterarchy, the agent of self-organization (i.e., internal observer carrying measurement) is found even in non-hierarchical system. A usual dynamics in the sense of complex system is articulated into two kinds of dynamics, Intent and Extent dynamics, and the interaction between them, where Intent corresponds to an attribute to a given phenomenon and Extent corresponds to a collection of objects satisfying the phenomenon. We formalize observational heterarchy by introducing pre-equivalence (pre-adjunction) between Intent and Extent, and apply it to a coupled map system. Since the model inherits evoluvability of dynamics, we call it active coupling to distinguish usual (passive) coupling from it. We show that perturbation can modify the dynamics itself and enhance robust behavior opened to emergence in the system of active coupling, and discuss the significance of observational heterarchy in complex systems. Keywords; heterarchy, agent, internal measurement, endo-physics, coupled map system
Extranodal T/NK Lymphomas

Extranodal T/NK lymphomas comprise infrequent and highly aggressive entities such as extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma, intestinal T-cell lymphoma NOS, and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma. Except for NK/T lymphoma nasal type, there is scarce evidence to support a specific therapeutic regimen in first line and relapse. As the only potentially curative therapy is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it should be assessed in relapsing/ refractory NK/T lymphoma nasal type and in the first line after remission in the other extranodal NK/T lymphomas.
Dynamic rupture of crosscutting faults: A possible rupture process for the 2007 Mw 6.6 Niigata‐ken Chuetsu‐Oki earthquake

[1] The 2007 Mw 6.6 Niigata-ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake implies a complex fault mechanism. Several surveys suggest the possibility of two main segments crosscutting each other at their center (i.e., a northern segment dipping to the northwest and a southern segment dipping to the southeast). We modeled the dynamic rupture propagation numerically along the inferred segmented fault system using a boundary integral equation method (BIEM). The possibility of rupture transfer is numerically demonstrated, and two rupture modes are described. Simultaneous rupture transfer along the overlapping part is possible only under a high-stress load; however, this rupture mode yields an excessively high slip value. Otherwise, where regional stress is relatively low but pore pressure is high enough to govern the rupture criterion (described as the low frictional coefficient case in this study), the rupture transfer to the other segment does not occur until rupture terminates on the first segment regardless of the crosscutting distance between the two segments. In this case, at the central crosscutting part, a possible rupture scenario is that ruptures occur sequentially in different directions: first a southbound rupture on the northwest-dipping segment, then a northbound rupture triggered on the southeast-dipping segment a few seconds later. The simulated rupture scenario on crosscutting faults can be strongly influenced by a preexisting fault structure determined by Miocene rifting during an opening stage of the Sea of Japan and the subsequent shortening of the crust. Our results point to the importance of investigating earthquake rupture scenarios in complex fault systems based on existing geophysical and geological information and dynamic rupture mechanics.
Financial Development and the "Growth-Inequality-Poverty" Triangle: A Comparative Study between Developed and Developing Countries

The main objective of this paper is to study the effects of financial development on poverty reduction taking into account simultaneous effects on growth and inequality. In order to do so, we decided to make a comparative study between three groups of countries according to the chosen criterion income. We are going to build a model of simultaneous equations over the period 1990-2011. The results generated by this study has identified that financial development promotes economic growth and reduce poverty in middle-income countries and high income, whereas in low income countries financial system does not have a positive effect on these economies. The study showed also that financial development exacerbates inequality of income distribution in countries with low and middle income, while for high-income countries any improvement in the financial system resulted in a decrease in inequality.
A facile synthesis of gold nanoparticles-alginate composite spheres

Gold nanoparticles have been shown to have interdisciplinary applications in multiple fields. In literatures, several fabrication processes have been developed, but the improvement of the stability and dispersion of the synthesized particles is very important to increase their applicability. In this article, facile approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles-alginate composite spheres was presented. The proposed method can stabilize and immobilized gold nanoparticles in alginate matrix simultaneously, and form alginate spheres in one pot process. The fabricated spheres are potential for multi-filed applications, such as bactericide, drug carriers, micro sensors, etc.
Who Distributes? Presidents, Congress, Governors, and the Politics of Distribution in Argentina and Brazil

What is the role of presidents in the politics of distribution in developing democracies? To what extent do other political actors, such as legislators and governors, influence federal distribution? This paper studies the main factors that affect distributive politics in Argentina and Brazil, two highly unequal presidential federations in Latin America. The focus is on funds with high redistributive impact and over which the central government has large discretion: those for public infrastructure. Using original data on federal infrastructure spending for the 24 provinces in Argentina and the 27 states in Brazil for the period 1999-2011, we show that the distribution of infrastructure funds is fundamentally determined by executive politics. Despite this, our empirical findings indicate there is large variation between the two cases in the relevance of the partisan links between presidents and governors and the influence of congress and its committees. Furthermore, we observe that elections are not relevant in explaining distribution in either of the two cases and that presidents are mostly motivated by political considerations and that programmatic factors, such as equity and efficiency criteria, play a secondary role, especially in Argentina. We discuss some possible reasons for these results and their implications for the broader comparative debate on distributive politics.
A Calcium-in-Olivine Geohygrometer and its Application to Subduction Zone Magmatism

High-precision electron microprobe analyses were obtained on olivine grains from Klyuchevskoy, Shiveluch and Gorely volcanoes in the Kamchatka Arc; Iraz u, Platanar and Barva volcanoes of the Central American Arc; and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) from the Siqueiros Transform. Calcium contents of these subduction zone olivines are lower than those for olivines from modern MORB, Archean komatiite and Hawaii. A role for magmatic H2O is likely for subduction zone olivines, and we have explored the suggestion of earlier workers that it has affected the partitioning of CaO between olivine and silicate melt. We provide a provisional calibration of DCaO Ol/L as a function of magmatic MgO and H2O, based on nominally anhydrous experiments and minimally degassed H2O contents of olivine-hosted melt inclusions. Application of our geohygrometer typically yields 3–4 wt % magmatic H2O at the Kamchatka and Central American arcs for olivines having 1000 ppm Ca, which agrees with H2O maxima from melt inclusion studies; Cerro Negro and Shiveluch volcanoes are exceptions, with about 6% H2O. High-precision electron microprobe analyses with 10–20 lm spatial resolution on some olivine grains from Klyuchevskoy and Shiveluch show a decrease in Ca content from the core centers to the rim contacts, and a sharp increase in Ca in olivine rims. We suggest that the zoning of Ca in olivine from subduction zone lavas may provide the first petrological record of temporal changes that occur during hydration of the mantle wedge and dehydration during ascent, and we predict olivine H2O contents that can be tested by secondary ionization mass spectrometry analysis.
Modeling for infrared readout integrated circuit based on Verilog-A

Infrared detectors are the core of infrared imaging systems, while readout integrated circuits are the key components of detectors. In order to grasp the performance of circuits quickly and accurately, a method of circuit modeling using Verilog-A language is proposed, which present a behavioral simulation model for the ROIC. At first, a typical capacitor trans-impedance amplifier(CTIA) ROIC unit is showed, then the two essential parts of it,operational amplifier and switch are modeled on behavioral level. The op amp model concludes these non-ideal factors, such as finite gain-bandwidth product, input and output offset, output resistance and so on. Non-deal factors that affect switches are considered in the switch behavioral model, such as rise and fall time, on-resistance and so on. At last time-domain modeling method for noise is presented, which is compared with the classical frequency domain method for difference. The analysis results shows that in the situation that noise interested bandwidth(NIBW) is more than 5MHz, the difference between the two methods leads to less than 1% if the sample rate of noise is larger 4 times of the NIBW
Using Cumulative Weighted Slopes for Clustering Time Series Data

Clustering time series data is an important mining activity in various domains. In this paper we propose a novel approach for clustering time series data based on cumulative weighted slopes. This technique is based on the ob- servation that similar time sequences would have similar slopes at their corre- sponding points. The weighted sum of these slopes is called the cumulative weighted slope and is computed for each time sequence. Clusters are formed on the basis of this weighted sum of slopes to identify similar patterns over periods of time.
A Learning of PPDM Technique in Association Rule Mining

This Paper is presents a novel classification that is based on “classification by the where”. We consider our categorization is general, widespread and gives better understanding to the field of PPDM in terms of placing each problem in the right category. The new categorization is as follows: PPDM can be attempted at three levels. The first level is raw data or databases where transactions reside. The second level is data mining algorithms and techniques that ensure privacy. The third stage is the output of different data mining algorithms and techniques.
STRATEGIES IN USING NUMERICAL WAVE MODELS IN OCEAN/COASTAL APPLICATIONS

The objective of the present work is to illustrate the performances of the numerical wave models in ocean and coastal environment. Third generation wave models are considered nowadays the most appropriate for such task. These are full spectral models based on the integration on the wave energy (or alternatively wave action) balance equation. In order to cover more aspects related with the modelling process hindcast, nowcast and forecast schemes are discussed and illustrated along six case studies. The major model used was SWAN (acronym for Simulating Waves Nearshore) which is a very flexible model that can be applied in a wide range of coastal applications being effective from high resolution coastal areas up to quasi oceanic scales. In both hindcasts and forecasts the wave forcing was provided by generation models (WAM and WW3), while in nowcast schemes buoy data were used. Various coastal environments that are rather different from the point of view of the bathymetric features and of the characteristics of the environmental matrix were considered. These are the Portuguese continental nearshore with higher resolution sub domains, Madeira Archipelago, the nearshore of Sardinia Island in the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. A general conclusion of this work would be that, despite some limitations, the wave models provide an effective framework in predicting wave conditions in ocean and coastal environment.
Making the most of available site information for empirical ground-motion prediction

This article proposes a new framework for the inclusion of site effects in empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) by characterizing stations through their one-quarter wavelength velocities and assessed confidence limits. The approach is demonstrated for 14 stations of the French accelerometric network (Reseau Accelerometrique Permanent). This method can make use of all the available information about a given site, for example, the surface geology, the soil profile, standard penetration test measurements, near-surface velocity estimated from the topographic slope, depth to bedrock, and crustal structure. These data help to constrain the velocity profile down to a few kilometers. Based on a statistical study of 858 real profiles from three different regions (Japan, western North America, and France) physically realistic profiles are generated that comply with the information available for each site. In order to evaluate the confidence limits for the shear-wave velocity profiles and derived site amplifications for each station, a stochastic method is adopted: Several thousand profiles are randomly generated based on parameters derived in the statistical study and the constraints available for each station. Then, the one-quarter wavelength assumption is used to estimate the amplification for each station. It is found that a good knowledge of near-surface attenuation (i.e., κ or Q) is mandatory for obtaining precise amplification estimates at high frequencies. Nevertheless, the proposed scheme highlights the important differences in the uncertainties of the site amplifications, depending on the information available for a given station. We suggest that these results could, therefore, be used when developing GMPEs by weighting records from each station depending on the variability in the computed one-quarter wavelength velocities. This approach relies on the assumption that local site effects are only one-dimensional, which is far from true, especially in sedimentary basins. However, most GMPEs only model one-dimensional site effects, so this is not an issue specific to this study. Finally, a way to improve this technique is to use earthquakes or noise recorded at the stations to further constrain the shear-wave velocity profiles and to consequently derive more accurate one-quarter wavelength velocities.
Detection of Abnormal Quarter Milk by the Quarter Difference of the Electrical Conductivity and Its Theoretical Basis

It appears reasonable to assume that the chemical composition of milk taken from each quarter of individual udder of a cow is same from the physiological point of view. This, however, is not necessarily true when it is examined. Except heifers in their first lactation, some diversity is commonly found among quarter milks taken from individual cows. The author has examined the diversity for years through a routine sampling of quarter milks of different cows, using a separate quarter milking machine, and analysing chemical composition of them. Among the milk constituents the concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride as the major electrolytic components, and the content of fat, protein and lactose were measured routinely, and the contents of the electrolytes and of lactose were found most useful fo1· the purpose. In the course of the st~1dy, using cows from the Institute herd and in addition some cows from dairy farms, it was found that about 1/ 3 of cows showed abnormality in some of their quarter milks, and that the abnormal milk appeared only in one or two quarters in about 90% of these cows, and further that the abnormal milk appeared repeatedly in the same quarter or quarters of the cow•>. The abnormal quarter milk observed in the study showed higher sodium and chloride and lower lactose and potassium concentration than the supposedly normal quarter milk in the same udder. In addition, the milk yield of the quarter that the former milk was taken was less than the contra-lateral normal quarter A B C D
Socioeconomic Status and Stress as Factors in Academic Dishonesty

A recent survey demonstrated that over 80% of students admitted to having engaged in academic dishonesty at least once in their time at University (Macaulay & Lemm, 2014). Previous research examining why students cheat has brought to light many different potential reasons behind students’ academically dishonest behavior (McCabe, Trevino, & Butterfield, 1999; Curasi, 2013). The present set of studies aimed to examine three potential factors behind why students engage in academic dishonesty. Study 1 examined whether or not high Socioeconomic Status (SES) primes would elicit higher cheating likelihood ratings in a hypothetical scenario. Study 2 examined whether high levels of academic stress and job pressure would increase participants’ cheating likelihood ratings. Further, Study 2 also examined whether participants would perceive a cheating action as less morally wrong when it was committed under academic stress or job pressure in comparison to no stress or pressure. Results indicated that SES priming had no effect on cheating likelihood. Both academic stress and job pressure predicted increased cheating likelihood ratings in different samples. The relation between academic stress and cheating likelihood ratings was mediated by moral appraisal. The results support the idea that justification of unethical behavior predicts increased cheating likelihood. Future research will focus on applying these results to prevention of academic dishonesty.
The sources of jet noise: experimental evidence

The primary objective of this investigation is to determine experimentally the sources of jet mixing noise. In the present study, four different approaches are used. It is reasonable to assume that the characteristics of the noise sources are imprinted on their radiation fields. Under this assumption, it becomes possible to analyse the characteristics of the far-field sound and then infer back to the characteristics of the sources. The first approach is to make use of the spectral and directional information measured by a single microphone in the far field. A detailed analysis of a large collection of far-field noise data has been carried out. The purpose is to identify special characteristics that can be linked directly to those of the sources. The second approach is to measure the coherence of the sound field using two microphones. The autocorrelations and cross-correlations of these measurements offer not only valuable information on the spatial structure of the noise field in the radial and polar angle directions, but also on the sources inside the jet. The third approach involves measuring the correlation between turbulence fluctuations inside a jet and the radiated noise in the far field. This is the most direct and unambiguous way of identifying the sources of jet noise. In the fourth approach, a mirror microphone is used to measure the noise source distribution along the lengths of high-speed jets. Features and trends observed in noise source strength distributions are expected to shed light on the source mechanisms. It will be shown that all four types of data indicate clearly the existence of two distinct noise sources in jets. One source of noise is the fine-scale turbulence and the other source is the large turbulence structures of the jet flow. Some of the salient features of the sound field associated with the two noise sources are reported in this paper.