Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Batch fermentation of bioethanol from the residues of elaeis guineensis: Optimisation using response surface methodology

In oil palm industry, large quantity of oil palm trunk (OPT) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) are generated. These residues are not fully utilised. They are served as wastes, which lead to serious environmental pollution. Realising that OPT sap contains high glucose concentration while POME contains essential nutrients required by microorganisms for growth, in this study, bioethanol was produced from OPT sap and POME by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in shake flasks culture. OPT sap was used as carbon source, and POME was utilised as nutrient supplier for the fermentation process. To obtain the optimum ratio of OPT sap to POME, inoculum size, initial pH, and incubation time for maximum bioethanol yield, response surface methodology (RSM) via face centred central composite design (FCCCD) was employed. The experimental data for glucose consumption, bioethanol yield, and biomass growth were fitted to polynomial equations and analysed. The quadratic models were employed to fit the data. The optimum bioethanol fermentation conditions were as follows: OPT sap to POME ratio of 63 : 37, inoculum size of 4.3 vol%, initial pH of 8.0, and incubation time of 118 h. Under these conditions, the expected bioethanol yield is 0.453 g/g. To evaluate the accuracy and validate the results, five additional runs were carried out at the optimum point. It was found that the range of bioethanol yield within 95 % confidence level was 0.448 - 0.457. It can be concluded that there is no difference between the experimental values and the predicted data within 95 % confidence level since the predicted data were within the range.
Achievements and Limitations of Modelling Agrochemical Dislocation from Non-Point Sources at Various Landscape Related Scales

In the absence of drainage systems, runo is a major transport pathway of pesticides from agricultural areas to aquatic systems. We provide an overview of existing runo models eligible to describe the transport and fate of pesticides in the terrestrial environment. We distinguish between leaching, erosion, and hydrological models. Recent developments in runo modelling include the evolution of complex deterministic models, combinations of models and probabilistic approaches on a GIS-platform. The latter enable users to make geo-referenced predictions of diuse pesticide emissions from small to large scales. Simulated loads mostly correlate well with measured pesticide loads and concentrations on a catchment scale, but often overestimate measured concentrations, because the edge-to-field approach applied does not consider any attenuation by degradation or sorption between the location of pesticide application and surface waters. Therefore, future developments of horizontal pesticide transport models should focus on detention and retention mechanisms during transport on highly resolved temporal and spatial scales. Additionally, for the simulation of realistic scenarios of pesticide emissions on a catchment scale, the evaluation and standardization of probabilistic approaches can be helpful.
Secure routing based on trust model and reference node strategy in Ad Hoc network

Ad Hoc network is a kind of wireless mobile network that does not depend on any fixed infrastructure. It has the characteristics of no center, self-organization, and high dynamic and limited energy. Therefore, Ad Hoc network has security risks. The Ad Hoc secure routing based on the trust model and the reference node strategy provides a secure environment for the establishment of communication routing. The AODV routing protocol is improved. The protocol selects a trusted communication node to establish routing according to the comprehensive evaluation result of the trust model, and finds out the data message discarding the attack node by the trust model. At the same time, the reference node strategy is proposed to defend the black hole attack node. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed secure routing scheme can effectively detect and isolate malicious nodes, resist black hole attack and data packet attack attacks, and has high security characteristics.
Globalization and the Limits of Democratic Choice Social Democracy and the Rise of Political Cartelization

uch contemporary analysis of the limits of social democracy in Europe focuses upon the role of external factors (Cerny 1995, Moses 1997). In particular, the idea that globalization has »changed everything« has gained a great deal of currency. Specifically, it is held by both academics and politicians that external global constraints, capital account openness, increased trade dependence etc., have narrowed policy options for social democratic governments to such an extent that left parties are no longer able to govern as left parties (Scharpf 1991, Blair and Schroeder 1998). Instead, a new supply-side social democracy based around skill formation is seen as the only way forward for progressive politics (Giddens 1998). Another development of note in contemporary Europe is the rise of neo-populist movements and right-wing fringe parties, some of which have either gained power or have come close to doing so. Le Pen’s performance in the last French presidential elections, the emergence and consolidation of Haider’s Freedom party in Austria; and the explosion and subsequent implosion of the Fortuyn list in Holland are but the most obvious examples. Interestingly, these two seemingly discrete phenomena may have much in common. Those European social democratic parties that regained power in the 1990s have in many cases failed to produce traditional social democratic policies. Instead, with explicit reference to the external constraints of globalization, social democratic politicians have told their constituents that the policies of the past have no place in the present. Yet there is good. This »globalization« is nothing to be feared; rather, it should be embraced. As a result, welfare reforms long associated with the right are actively pro
Performance Analysis of a Peak-Current Mode Control with Compensation Ramp for a Boost-Flyback Power Converter

High voltage gain power converters are very important in photovoltaic applications mainly due to the low output voltage of photovoltaic arrays. This kind of power converters includes three or more semiconductor devices and four or more energy storage elements, making the dynamical analysis of the controlled system more difficult. In this paper, the boost-flyback power converter is controlled by peak-current mode with compensation ramp. The closed-loop analysis is performed to guarantee operation conditions such that a period-1 orbit is attained. The converter is considered as a piecewise linear system, and the closed-loop stability is determined by using the monodromy matrix, obtained by the composition of the saltation matrixes with the solutions of the dynamical equations in the linear intervals. The largest eigenvalue of the monodromy matrix gives the stability of the period-1 orbit, and a deep analysis using bifurcation diagrams let us reach a conclusion about the loss of the stability, which is experimentally verified. To avoid overcompensation effects, the minimum value required by the compensation ramp is obtained, and the minimum and maximum values of the load resistance are found too. The system has a good transient response under disturbances in the load and in the input voltage.
THE LOCAL EFFECTS OF HONEY ON DIABETIC FOOT DISORDER

Both the Qur’an and Hadith refer to honey as a healer of many health disorders in humans. The use of honey to treat and prevent many disorders has been well documented highlighting antioxidant, antimicrobial, immune-stimulation, anti-inflammation and anti-tumour mechanisms. Moreover, local applications of honey in the treatment of different types of wounds have showed very promising outcomes. Diabetic foot disorder is a major complication in diabetic patients. It is the main cause of morbidity and disability. It often leads to amputations of foot. The potential benefits of honey in the treatment of diabetic foot disorder have been under study by researchers worldwide. The aim of this review is to summarize the reported local effects of honey on diabetic foot disorder and its possible mechanisms. The scientific findings indicate that honey can accelerate wound healing in diabetic foot disorder through its antimicrobial, anti-ulcerous and anti-inflammatory pathways in a clinical setting thus enhancing the quality of life in diabetic patients. However further research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of action and to standardize the use of honey in Diabetic foot disorder.
Ethical and sustainable employment in construction: The case of black and minority ethnics' (BME's) engagement

The instability of employment resulting from fluctuations in demand and the widespread use of contracting systems poses major problems of attractiveness to the construction industry. This practice has considerable negative impact on the industry. Therefore, as much needed investment is cut from training in the sector, the issue of skills shortages can be very devastating in the event of an upturn which is indeed certain. Consequently, it is anticipated that the construction industry should look to expand its recruitment base to become progressively multicultural and reflect the diversity of the population. As a result, this review of literature on the sustainable aspects of increasing the engagement of the BME population who, hitherto, have been underrepresented aims to highlight the situation. It is worth noting that the white population has been seen to be aging while BMEs have quite a younger age profile making it sustainably intelligent to proportionally engage them for the future of the industry. Furthermore, it is ethically prudent to involve the sections of the population whose involvement has, until now, been very minimal. It is probably, for instance, a recipe for bitterness and resentment where religion becomes a tool for marginalisation in the industry.
Machine learning algorithms: a background artifact

With the greater development of technology and automation human history is predominantly updated. The technology movement shifted from large mainframes to PCs to cloud when computing the available data for a larger period. This has happened only due to the advent of many tools and practices, that elevated the next generation in computing. A large number of techniques has been developed so far to automate such computing. Research dragged towards training the computers to behave similar to human intelligence. Here the diversity of machine learning came into play for knowledge discovery. Machine Learning (ML) is applied in many areas such as medical, marketing, telecommunications, and stock, health care and so on. This paper presents reviews about machine learning algorithm foundations, its types and flavors together with R code and Python scripts possibly for each machine learning techniques.
The application of warm mix asphalt technology in China: a review

Increasing emission of greenhouse gases is an environmental issue, and it is a great concern to curb this problem from further harm to the environment. With increasing interest in the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in the paving industry, more studies in this field for improvement of WMA properties seem to be necessary. WMA technology, recently developed in Europe, is gaining strong interest in the China. WMA has various benefits such as, reduction of asphalt binder temperature, reduction in energy consumption and less air pollution. It reduces short-term aging, compacting effort and decreases temperature drop during transportation. This paper reviews that the warm-mix asphalt have the potential of improving pavement performance, efficiency and environmental stewardship. Overall, warm-mix asphalt provides substantial sustainability benefits similar to or, in some cases, better than conventional hot-mix asphalt.
Design and Fabrication of Flipping Blade Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Wind energy is one of the renewable sources, used to generate an electric power generation. The search for environment friendly, sustainable energy has promoted in this industrial world. The present global technological society is depended on the availability of energy. The development of industry, agriculture and transportation, etc. is totally depended on the availability of power. The cost of energy is increasing day by day due to the increase in the demand of power and depletion of the resources, which are used in the generation of electricity. So, it is very essential to make use of the nonconventional sources of energy like wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, etc. Wind energy is used to generate electrical power by rotating the rotor shaft by the conversion of kinetic energy of wind into rotational energy of the shaft. The performance of wind turbine can be increased by increasing the drag force on the blade. This paper introduces a new mechanism developed by us and this mechanism is used to change the blade position during running condition to increase the resultant drag force on turbine blade. This mechanism is simple and also decreases cost of wind turbine by using flat blades.
MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF INFLATION IN GHANA FROM 1990 - 2009

The study attempts to identify the macroeconomic factors responsible for inflation in Ghana for the period 1990 to 2009. For this purpose, the time series model is selected based on various diagnostic, evaluation and selection criteria. It can be concluded that the model has sufficient predictive powers and the findings are well in line with those of other studies. The research findings would show that real output and money supply are the strongest forces exerting pressure on the price level to move up the exchange rate depreciation and implementation of ERP helped reduce the level of inflation in Ghana giving evidence that the ERP achieved its basic objective of reducing inflationary trend in Ghana.
Amino Coated Gold Nanorods Based Amperometric Glucose Detection

Citrate capped gold nanoseeds of uniform size and shape were prepared and used for CTAB-assisted growth of gold nanorods. Further, shape and size dependent hydrodynamic sedimentation behavior of nanostructure is exploited for separation of gold nanorods from mixture containing particles of different shape and size. The surface functionalization of gold nanorods with amino acids allows its efficient interaction with the enzyme and makes it a promising platform for applications including medical diagnostics and sensing devices. Further, the biosensing efficiency of the glucose biosensor fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) onto gold nanorods was investigated. Under optimum conditions, the fabricated biosensor showed low detection limit, excellent storage stability and high sensitivity. The biosensor has a wide linear range for the detection of glucose from 5mM to 40mM with 6 s response time. The retained activity of glucose oxidase ensures the biocompatibility of amino coated gold nanorods and shows that it can be extended to other enzymes as well for development of novel biosensors.
Experimental Analysis on the Counter-Current Dumitrescu- Taylor Bubble Flow in a Smooth Vertical Conduct of Small Diameter

In this paper, an experimental investigation on the Dumitrescu-Taylor bubble in counter-current laminar downward flow in vertical pipe of a small internal diameter pipe is presented. The experimental design is realized to work for low and stable liquid flow rates. The Dumitrescu-Taylor bubble may be stationary or can be in motion with an ascending or descending velocity, and this displacement depends on the downward liquid flow rates. Consequently, the advantage of this device is to carry out the measurements of the velocities inside the gas Dumitrescu-Taylor bubble by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). Starting from the visual observations and image acquisitions with a fast camera, a qualitative description was brought on the hydrodynamic behavior of the liquid film and the ripples created at the bottom of the Dumitrescu-Taylor bubble. The experimental results show a presence of a long toroidal vortex inside the gas bubble. It should be noted that previous work using a hot wire does not show the existence of this vortex. Additionally, other hydrodynamic magnitudes were measured as the liquid film thickness, the Dumitrescu-Taylor bubble rising velocity as well as the erosion bubble. Detailed descriptions are brought concerned this erosion. Strange phenomena have been observed primarily ahead of the nose of bubble and on the side of its end.
Framing the ancients: A global study in archaeological and historic site interpretation

Although rarely addressed in modern scholarship, over the last several decades, design implemented at archaeological and historic sites has become the organizing agent to present ancient cultures to the international public. Using topologies such as site museums, reconstructions, interpretive installation art, and comprehensive site planning, physical construction is now used to metaphorically guide visitors through the chronology and visual culture of a specific place while physically guiding them through the material remains. This dissertation examines the concepts of space, culture, and design and their junction as part of the overarching concept of “heritage interpretation. ” Through a series of individual site studies, this document discusses how different types of intervention can affect visitor understanding, experience, and the interpretation of history and ancient cultures by the greater public. As a comprehensive study, the research examines what methods have been used and are currently being used to facilitate public engagement with ancient remains through design, specifically placing physical interpretations within an immersive theoretical and historical context. By utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, the dissertation examines how the concepts of ancient art, cultural heritage, and modern construction interact at some of the most famous world historical sites, and how archaeological interpretation can affect a broader understanding of time, place, and culture.
Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems ( MCIS ) 2011 ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN A SOCIAL NEWS APPLICATION

We analyze the interactions within a social news application. In such applications participants post “news” that usually contain a link to another web site which carries the actual story and they vote for news they like. News that receive a required amount of votes make it to the front page, usually the home page, and receive more attention in this way. Other news get buried by the pile of incoming news. Given the big number of such applications all over the world and the impact that some of these applications have on the diffusion of news, it is important to understand their operation. The paper examines the activities of the members of a particular social news site, and examines which news submitters are successful in contributing news that reach the front page. The sites support what has been called citizen journalism but they can also become targets of manipulation attempts and spamming. Therefore, it is also important for operators of such sites to be able to easily recognize such attempts. The paper offers an approach based on social network analysis for this purpose.
Computability in the class of Real Closed Fields

by Victor A. Ocasio The class of Real Closed Fields (RCF ) has nice model theoretic properties, among them O-minimality and quantifier elimination. We examine RCF and the nonelementary subclass of RCF composed of archimedean real closed fields, ARCF , from a computable structure theory perspective. Also, we explore connections with the class of linear orders (LO). We focus on two main notions: Turing computable embeddings and relative ∆α categoricity. A class of structures K, Turing computably embeds into another class K ′, K ≤tc K ′, if there is a Turing operator Φ = φe such that: 1. if A ∈ K then Φ(A) = B for some B ∈ K ′, and 2. Φ is one-to-one on isomorphism types. The notion of Turing computable embedding (TCE) is an effective version of the Borel embedding defined by Friedman and Stanley [10]. In fact, many Borel embeddings are computable. The relation ≤tc is a preordering on classes of structures. In [10], the authors provide a computable Borel reduction showing that LO is a maximal element of the preordering defined by TCE’s. An embedding, due to Marker and discussed by Levin in [21], shows that LO ≤tc RCF , hence RCF is also maximal. We consider the class DG, of daisy graphs, a non-elementary subclass of the class of undirected graphs. Each A ∈ DG codes a family S of subsets of ω. A set S ∈ S is coded in A by a “daisy” consisting of a center and loops of size 2n + 3 if n ∈ S
Histochemical responses of rats exercised in two weekly frequencies and ingesting standard or hypercaloric diet

This study investigated if overfed rats present morphological and histochemical muscle adaptation similar to normally fed, both submitted to two different weekly frequencies of training. Thirty male Wistar rats were fed either with standard chow (SCO) or with hypercaloric diet (HCO). They were subdivided into six subgroups: sedentary (SCO and HCO), trained twice/week (SC2 and HC2) and trained five times/week (SC5 and HC5). The trained groups swam 60 min/day, during 10 weeks. Twenty four hours after the last training, samples of Gastrocnemius were excised and stained with HE, NADH-TR and m-ATPase, and the capillary density was calculated. Total heart mass (HM) and the mass of atrium (AM), left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles were excised and weighted. The comparisons were made by ANOVA and by Covariance analysis, adjusting the variables by body weight. The results showed that the HCO achieved higher BM, however, absolute HM did not differ post training. Irrespective of the diet, rats that were trained twice a week presented significantly greater increase in the AM. In general, the SC5 and HC5 groups showed higher HM, LV, RV, proportion of oxidative fibres and capillary density, compared to the sedentary and twice week trained groups. A higher proportion of injuries (splitting) was noted in the HC2 and HC5 compared to SC2 and SC5. These results indicate that the frequency of training influenced the skeletal and heart adaptation and larger changes were observed in the 5x/week group, which ingested the standard diet. The 5x/week training groups also presented large amount of muscle fibres damage. (Biol.Sport 26:71-85, 2009) Key-words: Exercise – Nutrition – Histochemical – Muscle Reprint request to: Prof. Dr. Ismael Forte Freitas Junior – Sao Paulo State University – Faculty of Science and Technology – Department of Physical Education – Campus of Presidente Prudente. Address: Rua Roberto Simonsen, 300Centro Educacional Presidente Prudente – SP – CEP 19.060-000 Fax : 55-18-221-5681; E-mail: ismael@fct.unesp. br
Resource-based Theory and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: A Critical Evaluation

This paper undertakes an evaluation of Resource-based Theory (RBT) to assess the extent of support, both theoretical and empirical, for IT’s contribution to sustainable competitive advantage. Specifically, the paper focuses on four MISQ papers that have utilised an RBT approach: two of these papers are empirical, one conceptual, and one a literature review of IS RBT studies. The main conclusion is that although RBT may be a useful tool for conceptualising IT factors that might lead to a sustainable competitive advantage, efforts to date have failed to support the theory empirically. This means that RBT, at least as it has been discussed in the literature so far, is not a strong weapon for rebutting people such as Carr, who argue that IT does not matter.