Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Depression-Related Mental Health Literacy in Patients who Attend Emergency Services in Taiwan

Objectives: Patients attending emergency services are in need of better mental health literacy (MHL) for self-care and proper help-seeking for mental health problems. The study aimed to exam in emergency patient’s depression-related mental health literacy and factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking toward depressive symptoms. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study of a convenience sampling of adult patients presenting to an urban university-affiliated emergency department in northern Taiwan during October 2014 and March 2015. Patient interviews were performed by a research assistant using standardized procedures to collect information including depression-related mental health literacy, help-seeking, and attitudes toward depressive symptoms described in a case vignette. The primary outcome variable was the level of depression-related MHL in rating the cause of depressive symptoms in a case vignette. Descriptive and correlational statistics were performed between higher/lower levels of MHL, defining by relative correctness of the awareness and recognition of depressive symptoms as mental or physical-and-mental health problems. Results: Among the 384 patients recruited, better MHL were characterized as being more likely to give psychologically distressed friends proper advices, havingfewer perceived stigmatized attitudes of psychiatric illnesses and services, and having more optimistic views about mental health treatments. However, prior help-seeking behaviors for depressive symptoms did not differ by levels of MHL. Conclusions: A higher level of MHL may help to shape an individual’s gatekeeping role and stigmatized attitudes for mental illness. Developing an effective mental health literacy program to enhance the recognition of depression among emergency patients may be needed to promote help-seeking and prevent early-stage mental health problems.
Generating a raster map presentation of a forest resource by solving a transportation problem

Necessary tools for raster map generation, for the approach based on the calibration estimator, were developed and implemented. The allocation of the area weight of each pixel to sample plots was formulated as a transportation problem, using a spectral distance measure as a transportation cost, and solved using the transportation simplex algorithm. Pixel level accuracy was calculated for the methods based on the calibration estimator so that the results could be compared with the results of the nearest neighbour estimation, the reference sample plot method (RSP) at pixel level. Local averaging in a 3 × 3 window was performed for each generated raster map as a postprocessing phase to smooth the map. Test plot results were calculated both for the unfiltered raster map and the filtered raster map. RSP produced the smallest RMSE in the pooled test data. Local averaging with a 3 × 3 filter decreased the pixel level error – and the bias – and the differences between the methods are smaller. Without local averaging, the pixel level errors of the methods based on solving the transportation problem were high. Raster map generation using the methods of this study forms an optional part – followed possibly by the classification of the pixel level results – of the whole computation task, when the area weight computation is based on the calibration estimation. For larger areas than in the present study, such as municipalities, the efficiency of the method based on the transportation model must be improved before it is a usable tool, in practice, for raster map generation. For nearest neighbour methods, the area size is not such a problem, because the inventory area is processed pixel by pixel.
A Liquid Chromatography-UV (LC-UV) Method was Developed for Quantification of Six Potential Impurities in Androstanolone Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

A sensitive, selective reverse phase method was developed for the quantitative determination of six potential impurities in Androstanolone active pharmaceutical ingredient. Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvent-A and solvent-B. The eluted compounds were monitored at 200 nm. All six potential impurities were identified by mass spectrophotometer and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, precision, linearity, quantitation limit, detection limit and accuracy. Regression coefficient value was greater than 0.99 for Androstanolone impurities. Detection limit of impurity-A, impurity-B, impurity-C, impurity-D, impurity-E and impurity-F were in the range of 0.0002-0.003% respectively. The quantitation limit of impurity-A, impurity-B, impurity-C, impurity-D, impurity-E and impurity-F were in the range of 0.003-0.013% respectively with respect to sample concentration. The accuracy of the method was established based on the recovery obtained between 92.72-106.90% for all impurities.
Fungal Diversity Vitrification of Swamp Buffalo Ocytes

In this study, various factors (eg., presence/absence of cumulus cells, meiotic stage, oocyte source, pre-equilibration time, warming condition, method of vitrification) were examined in trying to establish the optimum condition for vitrification of buffalo oocytes. Survivability was based on the morphological normality post-warming, completion of 1 st meiosis and penetrability post fertilization in vitro. In Expt. 1, data gathered showed that survivability of GV stage COCs or denuded oocytes was significantly lower than the control regardless of pre-equilibration time used except when using 10 min exposure time. The maturation rate of vitrified oocytes was lower against the control. In Expt. 2, the survivability of vitrified/warmed GV oocytes had no difference with the control regardless of the warming conditions used but the maturation rate was lower. Among treatments, descending trehalose concentration and exposure time appeared better than direct warming and step-wise warming with descending trehalose concentration but same exposure time. In Expt. 3, vitrification of oocytes at GV or M2 stage showed no difference in terms of survival and fertilizability but the use of cryotop method appeared better than the MDS method. In Expt. 4, oocyte source had no effect on the survival and fertilizability of vitrified/warmed M2 stage oocytes. In Expt. 5, The cleavage and blastocyst formation rate of vitrified/warmed oocytes was lower against the control. The results showed that buffalo GV and M2 stage oocytes can survive vitrification either by MDS or cryotop method, complete 1 st meiotic division, be fertilized and produce embryos although at limited extent.
Seston particles along a eutrophication gradient in coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea: significance of detritus and transparent mucoid material

Exposed to over 30 yr of continuous eutrophication, the Dars-Zingst bodden chain, a shallow tideless estuary accumulated large amounts of particulate organic matter (POM). We sam- pled along the eutrophication gradient throughout the vegetation period 1996, in order to assess POM properties. Besides parameters describing the chemical composition, such as C/N ratio, protein content and protein:carbohydrate ratio, particles were microscopically analysed. From the volumes of non-transparent, nucleic acid-containing (fluorescently labelled by propidium iodide) and organic particles (stained with DTAF), the percentages of detrital and transparent mucoid material were derived. Ten to 63% of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the bodden system consisted of carbon from bacteria, phytoplankton and protozoans. Of the total organic particle volume, up to 46% were microorganisms. Although detritus volume averaged 14%, maximum values of 68% could be deter- mined. Most of the organic particle volume consisted to 64% of transparent mucoid matter, which is an important carbon compartment in material cycling (e.g. settling substrate). At higher POC con- centrations the chemically unidentified material as well as the mucoid matter were quantitatively more important compared to the mesotrophic Baltic Sea station, where the portion of detritus (62% on average) was much higher. The microscopically derived quantification of detrital and mucoid mat- ter provides additional information on the suitability of seston as settling substrate, its age, origin and physical properties. Since the riverine water input into the bodden system is small and its POC con- centration lower compared to the bodden itself, most of the estuarine POM was obviously produced locally. Detritus from submersed macrophytes did not occur before the end of the vegetation period in October and thus cannot contribute significantly to the POM analysed in this study. The high amounts of POM in the bodden system probably originate mainly from pelagic primary production. The sedimentation of POM, its processing in and frequent resuspension from the several mm-thick flocculent sediment layers, seems to be the main source for the high amount of mucoid particles.
Wavelet reconstruction of E and B modes for CMB polarisation and cosmic shear analyses

We present new methods for mapping the curl-free (E-mode) and divergence-free (B-mode) components of spin 2 signals using spin directional wavelets. Our methods are equally applicable to measurements of the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the shear of galaxy shapes due to weak gravitational lensing. We derive pseudo and pure wavelet estimators, where E-B mixing arising due to incomplete sky coverage is suppressed in wavelet space using scale- and orientation-dependent masking and weighting schemes. In the case of the pure estimator, ambiguous modes (which have vanishing curl and divergence simultaneously on the incomplete sky) are also cancelled. On simulations, we demonstrate the improvement (i.e., reduction in leakage) provided by our wavelet space estimators over standard harmonic space approaches. Our new methods can be directly interfaced in a coherent and computationally-efficient manner with component separation or feature extraction techniques that also exploit wavelets.
Equity and Access in the Workplace: A Feminist HRD Perspective.

The issues of equity and access are becoming increasingly important as the workforce becomes diversified. As the number of minority groups in the ranks of organizations grows, there is a need to examine the issues related to equity and access from a perspective that strives for equality, e.g. feminist theory. This paper examines feminism’s perspectives on workplace equity and access, and the implications for the field of HRD.
Spatial patterns of woody plant and bird diversity: functional relationships or environmental effects?

Aim To understand cross-taxon spatial congruence patterns of bird and woody plant species richness. In particular, to test the relative roles of functional relationships between birds and woody plants, and the direct and indirect environmental effects on broad-scale species richness of both groups. Location Kenya. Methods Based on comprehensive range maps of all birds and woody plants (native species > 2.5 m in height) in Kenya, we mapped species richness of both groups. We distinguished species richness of four different avian frugivore guilds (obligate, partial, opportunistic and non-frugivores) and fleshy-fruited and non-fleshy-fruited woody plants. We used structural equation modelling and spatial regressions to test for effects of functional relationships (resource–consumer interactions and vegetation structural complexity) and environment (climate and habitat heterogeneity) on the richness patterns. Results Path analyses suggested that bird and woody plant species richness are linked via functional relationships, probably driven by vegetation structural complexity rather than trophic interactions. Bird species richness was determined in our models by both environmental variables and the functional relationships with woody plants. Direct environmental effects on woody plant richness differed from those on bird richness, and different avian consumer guilds showed distinct responses to climatic factors when woody plant species richness was included in path models. Main conclusions Our results imply that bird and woody plant diversity are linked at this scale via vegetation structural complexity, and that environmental factors differ in their direct effects on plants and avian trophic guilds. We conclude that climatic factors influence broad-scale tropical bird species richness in large part indirectly, via effects on plants, rather than only directly as often assumed. This could have important implications for future predictions of animal species richness in response to climate change.
Color influences identification of the moving objects more than shape

When people track moving objects, they concentrate on different characteristics. Recent results show that people more often concentrate on spatiotemporal than featural properties of the objects. In other words, location and direction of motion seem to be more informative properties than the stable featural characteristics. This finding contradicts some of our knowledge about cognitive system. Current research was done in attempt to specify the effect of featural characteristics, especially color and shape. In Experiment 1, subjects were asked to track four mobile targets presented with another four moving objects. After the motion has stopped, they had to mark the initial four targets. Our results have shown that participants pay more attention to the featural properties than to spatiotemporal characteristics. Since our task was more difficult than the tasks typically reported in the literature, the results might be interpreted as if the subjects relied mostly on attentional processes. The task in Experiment 2 was made even more difficult: the subjects were asked to direct attention on identity of every target. Consequently, the task demanded more complex cognitive processes and emphasizing effects of featural properties. Results suggest that color and shape does not have the same influences on multiple object tracking, but that color has more significant effect.
Market Segmentation Based on the Dominant Movement Patterns of Tourists

This paper presents an innovative method for tourist market segmentation based on dominant movement patterns of tourists; that is, the travel sequences or patterns used by tourists most frequently. There are three steps to achieve this goal. In the first step, general log-linear models are adopted to identify the dominant movement patterns, while the second step is to discover the characteristics of the groups of tourists who travelled with these patterns. The Expectation-Maximisation algorithm was used to partition tourist segments in terms of socio-demographic and travel behavioural variables. The third step is to select target markets based upon the earlier analysis. These methods are applied to a sample of tourists, over the period of a week, on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. A significant outcome of this research is that it will assist tourism organisations to identify tourism market segments and develop better tour packages and more efficient marketing strategies aligned to the characteristics of the tourists. Keyword: Tourist, Market segmentation, Expectation-Maximisation algorithm, Loglinear models, Movement pattern
INFLUENCE OF THE ENZYME PHYTASE ON THE CLINICAL STATUS, SOME PLASMA MACROELEMENTS AND THE HISTOSTRUCTURE OF FEMUR AND TIBIA IN CHICKENS

Summary Tsokova, L. T. , 2006. Influence of the enzyme phytase on the clinical status, some plasma macroelements and the histostructure of femur and tibia in chickens. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. , 9, No 3, 201 ￻209. Two experiments with 90 growing chickens at the age of 30 days: 50 broilers (4 experimental groups and 1 control group) (experiment I), and 40 commercial chickens (3 experimental groups and 1 control group) (experiment II), divided into groups of ten were carried out. The aim of the experiments was to establish the optimal levels of the enzyme phytase in the daily rations of chickens, without disturbing their mineral homeostasis. Different amounts of the enzyme (as the product Natuphos) were added to the chickens’ diet for 60 days. The plasma concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase were studied; also, histological investigations of femoral and tibial specimens on the 30 th and 60 th day from the start of the treatment were done. We found that, after treatment, the chickens of the two experiments exhibited increased levels of calcium and inorganic phosphate, while the activity of the alkaline phosphatase was significantly lowered. The histological study of femur and tibia showed a thinned compacta and enlargement of the central (Haversian) canals in the broiler chickens at the end of the trials. The results showed that in broiler chickens, phytase supplementation was favourable at 750 ￻1500 FTU/kg food up to the age of 60 days, while for commercial chickens the respective dosage was 1250 FTU/kg food up to the age of 90 days, without addition of dicalcium phosphate.
Incidence of Hybridization between Naturally Sympatric Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout in the Middle Fork Salmon River Drainage, Idaho

Abstract Introgressive hybridization has been widely reported for westslope cutthroat trout (WCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and rainbow trout (RBT) O. mykiss and is often a result of introductions of nonnative RBT into previously allopatric populations of westslope cutthroat trout. The WCT evolved in sympatry with RBT in a portion of its native range. Few studies have evaluated natural hybrid zone structure in sympatric populations or the effects of nonnative introductions within sympatric populations. We used one mitochondrial DNA marker and three co-dominant nuclear DNA markers to examine 17 populations of WCT that were sympatric with native RBT-steelhead (anadromous RBT). As 5 of the 11 sample locations were situated downstream of stocked headwater mountain lakes, we wanted to determine the effects of headwater lake introductions on naturally sympatric populations of WCT and RBT-steelhead below the lakes. Hybrids were found in streams below stocked and unstocked headwater lakes. Our results indicated.
Computing Hierarchical Finite State Controllers With Classical Planning

Finite State Controllers (FSCs) are an effective way to compactly represent sequential plans. By imposing appropriate conditions on transitions, FSCs can also represent generalized plans (plans that solve a range of planning problems from a given domain). In this paper we introduce the concept of hierarchical FSCs for planning by allowing controllers to call other controllers. This call mechanism allows hierarchical FSCs to represent generalized plans more compactly than individual FSCs, to compute controllers in a modular fashion or even more, to compute recursive controllers. The paper introduces a classical planning compilation for computing hierarchical FSCs that solve challenging generalized planning tasks. The compilation takes as input a finite set of classical planning problems from a given domain. The output of the compilation is a single classical planning problem whose solution induces: (1) a hierarchical FSC and (2), the corresponding validation of that controller on the input classical planning problems.
A Cost Effective Load Balancing Scheme for Better Resource Utilization in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a new rising paradigm, consists a pool of virtual resources for cloud users, where they can access, build and use different operations as per their need by just agree upon the contract called Service Level Agreement (SLA) with the cloud provider. Task Allocation and Storage Distribution are the two discussable issues while talking about cloud storage (Collection of VMs). Thus it is very important to the cloud provider for choosing highly efficient and maximum profitable scheduling and load leveling strategy to allocate resources to the various customers for their different operations. In this article a cost effective load balancing scheme for cloud computing is proposed that increases the performance of the resources by decreasing migration time and response time. The proposed system has a new task scheduling with load balancing technique (T S L B algorithm) associated with compression technique to increase resource utilization and to speed up the process.
Cutting Edge: A T-bet-Independent Role for IFN-α/β in Regulating IL-2 Secretion in Human CD4+ Central Memory T Cells1

IL-2 is a hallmark cytokine secreted by central memory CD4+ T cells (TCM). Although naive cells rapidly secrete IL-2 in response to Ag stimulation, IL-12 inhibits IL-2 secretion in daughter cells as they differentiate into Th1 cells. In this study, we uncover a unique role for IFN-α in regulating IL-2 secretion by human TCM cells. IFN-α synergized with IL-12 to enhance a subset of cells that secreted high and sustained levels of IL-2. These IL-2-secreting cells displayed phenotypic and functional characteristics of TCM and were capable of generating IFN-γ-secreting effectors upon secondary activation. T-bet has been implicated in negatively regulating IL-2 secretion in murine T cells; however, T-bet expression did not inhibit IFN-α-dependent IL-2 secretion in human TCM cells. Thus, our results highlight a unique role for IFN-α in regulating the development of IL-2-secreting human TCM cells.
The Relative Age Effect in Soccer: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Systematic Discrimination against Children Born Late in the Competition Year

Previous findings of skewed birth date distributions among sports professionals have been interpreted as evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born shortly before the cut-off date for each age grouping. Alternative explanations for these findings exist, however. This research therefore attempted to replicate the effect in a cross-cultural comparison. A strong relative age effect in professional soccer was found in Germany, Japan, Brazil, and Australia, showing that the effect is independent of different cut-off dates and a variety of climatic and sociocultural factors. A shifted peak in the birth date distribution of Australian soccer professionals paralleling a corresponding change in the cut-off date in Australian soccer in 1989 was also established. This pattern of results provides strong evidence for the cut-off date in youth soccer as the main cause for the relative age effect in professional soccer.
Geometry optimization of double wishbone suspension system via genetic algorithm for handling improvement

Motion control, stability maintenance and ride comfort improvement are fundamental issues in design of suspension systems in off-road vehicles. In this paper, a double wishbone (DW) suspension system, mostly used in off-road vehicles, is modeled using ADAMS software. Geometric parameters of suspension system are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) in a way that ride comfort, handling and stability of vehicle are improved. Simulation results of suspension system and variations of geometric parameters due to road roughness and different steering angles are presented in ADAMS and effects of optimization of suspension system during various driving maneuvers in both optimized and non-optimized conditions are compared. Simulation results indicate that the type of suspension system and geometric parameters have significant effect on vehicle performance.