Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Screening: Detection and Application of Saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol by Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry.

CONTEXT Unlike other commonly used invasive blood glucose monitoring methods, saliva detection prevents patients from suffering the physical uneasiness. However, there are few studies on saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of saliva 1,5-AG in diabetes screening in a Chinese population. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This was a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 641 subjects without a valid diabetic history were recruited from September 2018 to June 2019. Saliva 1,5-AG was measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Saliva 1,5-AG levels in DM subjects were lower than those in non-diabetes mellitus subjects (both P < 0.05). Saliva 1,5-AG was positively correlated with serum 1,5-AG and negatively correlated with blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff points of saliva 1,5-AG0 and 1,5-AG120 for diabetes screening were 0.436 μg/mL (sensitivity: 63.58%, specificity: 60.61%) and 0.438 μg/mL (sensitivity: 62.25%, specificity: 60.41%), respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) combined with fasting saliva 1,5-AG reduced the proportion of people who required an OGTT by 47.22% compared with FPG alone. CONCLUSION Saliva 1,5-AG combined with FPG or HbA1c improved the efficiency of diabetes screening. Saliva 1,5-AG is robust in nonfasting measurements and a noninvasive and convenient tool for diabetes screening.
Value Profiles During Middle Childhood: Developmental Processes and Social Behavior.

Little is known about how children's value priorities develop over time. This study identifies children's value priority profiles and follows their development during middle childhood. Australian children (N = 609; ages 5-12 at Time 1) reported their values over 2 years. Latent Transition Analysis indicated four profiles: Social-Focus, Self-Focus, Growth-Focus and Undifferentiated. Within person development was characterized by profile stability or transfer to the Social-Focus profile. Younger children were more likely to have an Undifferentiated profile (or Self-Focus among boys) than older ones. Girls were more likely to have a Social-Focus profile or transfer to it, and less likely to have a Self- or Growth-Focus profile than boys. Social-Focus profile membership over time predicted more prosocial and less aggressive behavior.
Feature-Aware Uniform Tessellations on Video Manifold for Content-Sensitive Supervoxels

Over-segmenting a video into supervoxels has strong potential to reduce the complexity of downstream computer vision applications. Content-sensitive supervoxels (CSSs) are typically smaller in content-dense regions (i.e., with high variation of appearance and/or motion) and larger in content-sparse regions. In this paper, we propose to compute feature-aware CSSs (FCSSs) that are regularly shaped 3D primitive volumes well aligned with local object/region/motion boundaries in video. To compute FCSSs, we map a video to a 3D manifold embedded in a combined color and spatiotemporal space, in which the volume elements of video manifold give a good measure of the video content density. Then any uniform tessellation on video manifold can induce CSS in the video. Our idea is that among all possible uniform tessellations on the video manifold, FCSS finds one whose cell boundaries well align with local video boundaries. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel restricted centroidal Voronoi tessellation method that simultaneously minimizes the tessellation energy (leading to uniform cells in the tessellation) and maximizes the average boundary distance (leading to good local feature alignment). Theoretically our method has an optimal competitive ratio <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(1)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-2979714.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, and its time and space complexities are <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(NK)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-2979714.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(N+K)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq3-2979714.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for computing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq4-2979714.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> supervoxels in an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq5-2979714.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-voxel video. We also present a simple extension of FCSS to streaming FCSS for processing long videos that cannot be loaded into main memory at once. We evaluate FCSS, streaming FCSS and ten representative supervoxel methods on four video datasets and two novel video applications. The results show that our method simultaneously achieves state-of-the-art performance with respect to various evaluation criteria.
Dietary Intake of Acrylamide and Risk of Breast, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancers: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-analysis

Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen. Aside from occupational exposures and smoking, diet is the main source of exposure in humans. We performed a systematic review of the association between estimated dietary intake of acrylamide and risk of female breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers in nonexperimental studies published through February 25, 2020, and conducted a dose–response meta-analysis. We identified 18 papers covering 10 different study populations: 16 cohort and two case–control studies. Acrylamide intake was associated with a slightly increased risk of ovarian cancer, particularly among never smokers. For endometrial cancer, risk was highest at intermediate levels of exposure, whereas the association was more linear and positive among never smokers. For breast cancer, we found evidence of a null or inverse relation between exposure and risk, particularly among never smokers and postmenopausal women. In a subgroup analysis limited to premenopausal women, breast cancer risk increased linearly with acrylamide intake starting at 20 μg/day of intake. High acrylamide intake was associated with increased risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers in a relatively linear manner, especially among never smokers. Conversely, little association was observed between acrylamide intake and breast cancer risk, with the exception of premenopausal women.
Tobacco use trajectories in young adults: Analyses of predictors across systems levels.

INTRODUCTION Research is needed to examine trajectories of tobacco use beyond cigarette smoking, particularly during emerging middle young adulthood, and to identify distinct multilevel influences of use trajectories. METHODS We examined: 1) tobacco use trajectories over a two-year period among 2,592 young adult college students in a longitudinal cohort study; and 2) predictors of these trajectories using variables from a socioecologic framework, including intrapersonal-level factors (e.g., sociodemographics, psychosocial factors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences, depressive and ADHD symptoms), early onset substance use, interpersonal factors (e.g., social support, parental substance use), and community-level factors (e.g., college type, rural vs. urban). RESULTS 64.5% were female; 65.0% were White. From age 18 to 26, 27-31% of participants reported past 30-day use of any tobacco product. We identified four trajectory classes: Abstainers/Dabblers who never or infrequently used (89.2%); Adult users who began using frequently around age 20 and continued thereafter (5.9%); College Smokers who began using before 19 but ceased use around 25 (2.5%); and Teenage users who used during their teenage years but ceased use by 22 (1.9%). Multinomial regression showed that, compared to Abstainers/Dabblers, significant predictors (p<.05) of being: 1) Adult users included being male, earlier onset marijuana use, attending public universities or technical colleges (vs. private universities), and living in urban areas; 2) College users included being male, earlier onset marijuana use, and parental alcohol or marijuana use; and 3) Teenage users included only earlier onset marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Distinct prevention and intervention efforts may be needed to address the trajectories identified.
Pervasive Health Monitoring

Author(s): Naima, Reza | Advisor(s): Canny, John F | Abstract: Pervasive health monitoring is the application of non-invasive ambulatory monitoring technologies towards continuous physiologic monitoring. These technologies can be used for the detection of sudden, acute, health problems and the management of chronic disease. For people at risk for specific incidents, such as a heart attack in an individual with heart disease or a fall from an elderly individual, being able to detect a potentially life threatening incident and alerting a care provider can mean the difference between life and death. Likewise, individuals who have chronic health conditions, such as congestive heart failure, can benefit from tracking the progress of their disease. Feedback provided from an ambulatory monitor can be used to help manage the treatment of the disease with the goal of keeping the individual out of the hospital. Currently, people wait until a health problem manifests itself in a way which necessitates a visit to a doctor or a hospital. This type of management is the antithesis of early detection. Often, many conditions have simpler, more effective, and less costly treatments if detected and diagnosed at an early stage. Not only does this result in a better quality of life, but can help to by reducing the costs to the healthcare system. In 2010, U.S. healthcare costs were $2.6 trillion, and it is expected to grow to an incredible $4.6 trillion by 2020. In order to enable a wide range of pervasive monitoring applications, a highly integrated ambulatory physiologic monitor was developed and used in a number of studies. The hardware platform is called The Berkeley Tricorder, and is capable of acquiring a high resolution data from a number of physiologic sensors including an electrocardiograph, an electromyography, a photoplethysmograph, a bioimpedance spectrometer, and an accelerometer. In addition, The Berkeley Tricorder is capable of storing data on an SD memory card, or transmitting it wirelessly over Bluetooth to a local target, or to a remote target using the dial-up-networking Bluetooth profile and a mobile phone. The latest version of the hardware measures 1.4"x1.85". The first chapter explores a number of acute and chronic health conditions to better understand which physiologic monitors are of the most value in an ambulatory system. Next, the physiologic basis of the biosignals are examined, along with the technology which enables their measurement. Based on the methodology used to measure the biosignals, a detailed set of requirements for the implementation of the ambulatory monitor is derived. The requirements are then translated into a physical implementation along with a set of lessons learned along the way. The hardware is then examined to see how it compares to the original design and to quantify its signal quality. Finally, a study used to explore the physiology of stress is using the ambulatory monitor is discussed.
Rate of dyslipidemia higher among women living with HIV: A comparison of metabolic and cardiovascular health in a cohort to study aging in HIV

Combination antiretroviral therapy has largely restored the lifespan of persons living with HIV. Data suggest early comorbidities of aging in this population. Past studies focused on men; limited data exist regarding the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in women living with HIV (WLWH). We investigated the prevalence of cardiometabolic abnormalities among WLWH and HIV‐negative women in the Children and Women: Antiretrovirals and Markers of Aging (CARMA) cohort, and their relationships to cellular aging markers.
Segment-Resolved Gas Concentration Measurements by a Time Domain Multiplexed Dual Comb Method

Locating gas concentration changes in widespread locations can be conducive to environmental atmospheric detection, gas emissions monitoring, production process control, etc. A time domain multiplexed dual-comb system for segment-resolved gas concentration measurement is reported in this work. Both absorption spectra and path lengths for multiple path-segments in a target path can be derived from the time domain separated interferograms and then the equivalent gas concentrations in each segment can be retrieved separately. A benchtop experiment aiming at a target path with three path-segments of different gases has been demonstrated. The relative deviation of gas concentration retrieval is 1.08% in 1 s. Besides, additional numerical simulations prove that the crosstalk between the interference signals affects the spectrum analysis by no more than 0.1% for a kilometer-long atmospheric absorption detection. Therefore, achieving a gridded measurement of regional gas concentration in the open air can be foreseen using this method.
Radiation Responses of 2D and 3D Glioblastoma Cells: A Novel, 3D-specific Radioprotective Role of VEGF/Akt Signaling through Functional Activation of NHEJ

Glioblastoma is resistant to conventional treatments and has dismal prognosis. Despite promising in vitro data, molecular targeted agents have failed to improve outcomes in patients, indicating that conventional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models of GBM do not recapitulate the clinical scenario. Responses of primary glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) to radiation in combination with EGFR, VEGF, and Akt inhibition were investigated in conventional 2D cultures and a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of GBM that recapitulates key GBM clinical features. VEGF deprivation had no effect on radiation responses of 2D GSCs, but enhanced radiosensitivity of GSC cultures in 3D. The opposite effects were observed for EGFR inhibition. Detailed analysis of VEGF and EGF signaling demonstrated a radioprotective role of Akt that correlates with VEGF in 3D and with EGFR in 2D. In all cases, positive correlations were observed between increased radiosensitivity, markers of unrepaired DNA damage and persistent phospho-DNA-PK nuclear foci. Conversely, increased numbers of Rad51 foci were observed in radioresistant populations, indicating a novel role for VEGF/Akt signaling in influencing radiosensitivity by regulating the balance between nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination–mediated DNA repair. Differential activation of tyrosine kinase receptors in 2D and 3D models of GBM explains the well documented discrepancy between preclinical and clinical effects of EGFR inhibitors. Data obtained from our 3D model identify novel determinants and mechanisms of DNA repair and radiosensitivity in GBM, and confirm Akt as a promising therapeutic target in this cancer of unmet need.
Effectiveness of Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Women

Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) for prevention of malaria and adverse birth outcomes can be compromised by parasites-resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine. This study prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of IPTp-SP in Southeast Tanzania. From January 2017 to May 2019, HIV-negative and malaria-negative (mRDT) pregnant women attending their first antenatal-care visit in the second or third trimester (n = 500) were enrolled to receive monthly IPTp-SP and followed the protocol till delivery. The primary outcome was the prevalence of histopathological placental malaria. Secondary outcomes were anemia, malaria parasites detected during pregnancy and at delivery, adverse birth outcomes (low-birth-weight [LBW], premature birth, fetal anemia, still birth, and spontaneous abortion). Rates of histopathological placental malaria, any parasitemia at delivery (placental, cord or maternal), and any adverse birth outcome were 9.4%, 20.9%, and 26.5%, respectively. Rates of symptomatic malaria and parasitemia during pregnancy were 2.8% and 16%, respectively. Histopathological placental malaria significantly increased the odds of any adverse birth outcomes, particularly LBW. IPTp-SP with more than or equal to three doses significantly improved birth weight and reduced the risk of LBW by 56% compared to <3 SP doses (p = 0.009). IPTp-SP with more than or equal to three doses is still effective in improving birth weight. However, the detection of histopathological placental-malaria in one-tenth and parasitemia in one-fifth of pregnant women reflects the need to optimize the prevention of malaria during pregnancy.
1H-NMR Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of Rubusoside on Serum Metabolites of Golden Hamsters on a High-Fat Diet

Rubusoside is a natural sweetener and the active component of Rubus suavissimus. The preventive and therapeutic effect of rubusoside on high-fat diet-induced (HFD) serum metabolite changes in golden hamsters was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics to explore the underlying mechanism of lipid metabolism regulation. 1H-NMR serum metabolomics analyses revealed a disturbed amino acid-, sugar-, fat-, and energy metabolism in HFD animals. Animals supplemented with rubusoside can partly reverse the metabolism disorders induced by high-fat diet and exerted good anti-hypertriglyceridemia effect by intervening in some major metabolic pathways, involving amino acid metabolism, synthesis of ketone bodies, as well as choline and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolism. This study indicates that rubusoside can interfere with and normalize high-fat diet-induced metabolic changes in serum and could provide a theoretical basis to establish rubusoside as a potentially therapeutic tool able to revert or prevent lipid metabolism disorders.
Individuals With an Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knee Display Atypical Whole Body Movement Strategies but Normal Knee Robustness During Side-Hop Landings: A Finite Helical Axis Analysis

Background: Atypical knee joint biomechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are common. It is, however, unclear whether knee robustness (ability to tolerate perturbation and maintain joint configuration) and whole body movement strategies are compromised after ACLR. Purpose: To investigate landing control after ACLR with regard to dynamic knee robustness and whole body movement strategies during sports-mimicking side hops, and to evaluate functional performance of hop tests and knee strength. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: An 8-camera motion capture system and 2 synchronized force plates were used to calculate joint angles and moments during standardized rebound side-hop landings performed by 32 individuals with an ACL-reconstructed knee (ACLR group; median, 16.0 months after reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft [interquartile range, 35.2 months]) and 32 matched asymptomatic controls (CTRL). Dynamic knee robustness was quantified using a finite helical axis approach, providing discrete values quantifying divergence of knee joint movements from flexion-extension (higher relative frontal and/or transverse plane motion equaled lower robustness) during momentary helical rotation intervals of 10°. Multivariate analyses of movement strategies included trunk, hip, and knee angles at initial contact and during landing and hip and knee peak moments during landing, comparing ACLR and CTRL, as well as legs within groups. Results: Knee robustness was lower for the first 10° motion interval after initial contact and then successively stabilized for both groups and legs. When landing with the injured leg, the ACLR group, as compared with the contralateral leg and/or CTRL, demonstrated significantly greater flexion of the trunk, hip, and knee; greater hip flexion moment; less knee flexion moment; and smaller angle but greater moment of knee internal rotation. The ACLR group also had lower but acceptable hop and strength performances (ratios to noninjured leg >90%) except for knee flexion strength (12% deficit). Conclusion: Knee robustness was not affected by ACLR during side-hop landings, but alterations in movement strategies were seen for the trunk, hip, and knee, as well as long-term deficits in knee flexion strength. Clinical Relevance: Knee robustness is lowest immediately after landing for both the ACLR group and the CTRL and should be targeted in training to reduce knee injury risk. Assessment of movement strategies during side-hop landings after ACLR should consider a whole body approach.
The Role of Tissue-resident γδ T Cells in Stress Surveillance and Tissue Maintenance

While forming a minor population in the blood and lymphoid compartments, γδ T cells are significantly enriched within barrier tissues. In addition to providing protection against infection, these tissue-resident γδ T cells play critical roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. γδ T cells in the epidermis and intestinal epithelium produce growth factors and cytokines that are important for the normal turnover and maintenance of surrounding epithelial cells and are additionally required for the efficient recognition of, and response to, tissue damage. A role for tissue-resident γδ T cells is emerging outside of the traditional barrier tissues as well, with recent research indicating that adipose tissue-resident γδ T cells are required for the normal maintenance and function of the adipose tissue compartment. Here we review the functions of tissue-resident γδ T cells in the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, and adipose tissue, and compare the mechanisms of their activation between these sites.
Survival in the Tropics despite isolation, inbreeding and asexual reproduction: insights from the genome of the world's southernmost poplar (Populus ilicifolia).

Species are becoming extinct at unprecedented rates as a consequence of human activity. Hence it is important to understand the evolutionary dynamics of species with already small population sizes. Populus ilicifolia is a vulnerable poplar species which is isolated from other poplar species and is uniquely adapted to the Tropics. It has a very limited size, reproduce partly clonally and is therefore an excellent case study for conservation genomics. We present here the first annotated draft genome of P. ilicifolia, characterize genome-wide patterns of polymorphisms and compare those to other poplar species with larger natural ranges. P. ilicifolia experienced a more prolonged and severe decline of effective population size (Ne ) and signs of genetic erosion than any other poplar species it was compared to. Today the species has the lowest genome-wide genetic diversity, the highest abundance of long runs of homozygosity, high inbreeding levels as well as a high overall accumulation of deleterious variants. However, more effective purging of severely deleterious variants and adaptation to the Tropics may have contributed to its survival. Hence, in spite of its limited genetic variation, it is certainly worth pursuing the conservation efforts of this unique species.