Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An insight into the influence of packaging and presentation format on consumer purchasing attitudes towards cheese: a qualitative study

Using packaging and presentation format to appeal to consumers and to communicate product benefits directly on the shelf is a competitive advantage in the food industry. Both packaging and presentation format can attract consumers’ attention and influence their perceptions and purchasing decisions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to obtain a preliminary insight into the main attributes and factors that most affect consumers’ purchase decisions regarding presentation and packaging of cheese products. To achieve this goal, we have used the focus group technique, because of its considerable potential as a mean to collect qualitative data within consumer research. The results showed that price, product quality, packaging, origin and brand are decisive factors in the purchase decision of food products. Although packaging and presentation of food have potential influence on the consumer’s choice and purchase, packaging colour and design are the most attractive factors during the purchase process. Thus, packaging format and colour may influence consumers prior to the purchase. These stimuli can be decisive when buying cheese and may also help producers to communicate the differentiation of their products to consumers.
Reaction of soybean cultivars to races of Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea present in Queensland

Phytophthora megasperma f.sp, glycinea, the cause of phytophthora root and stem rot of soybeans, was found to be widespread in southern Queensland. Race determinations on 56 isolates were made at 26¦C using the North American differential set. Thirty isolates resembled race 1 (virulent only on Harosoy), while the remaining isolates killed varying proportions of the other six differentials. Two of these isolates most closely resembled race 15. When race determinations were repeated for four isolates at 31¦C, each isolate was more virulent on most of the differentials. One isolate resembling race 1 at 26¦C would have been classified as race 2 at 31¦C. All of the cultivars grown in Queensland were susceptible to hypocotyl inoculation, indicating the absence of genes conditioning resistance to races 1 and 15. Small proportions of plants in some cultivars, including Davis and Bragg were resistant to hypocotyl inoculation. The field resistances of 21 cultivars and breeding lines were assessed in a disease nursery. Progressive assessments of disease incidence were significantly correlated with grain yield and plant height. Davis had the highest level of field resistance while Ross and Semstar had the lowest. A breeding line (HS 1115) was identified as highly resistant to the fungus, both in the field and following hypocotyl inoculation. Three F6 lines from the cross Davis x Bragg showed a range of disease reactions, with the best showing an equivalent level of resistance to that of Davis.
Differential Expression Profile of Class I and Class III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors during Postnatal Development of Rat Hippocampus

The expression profile of neurotransmitter receptors changes significantly during brain development. In particular, the postnatal regulation of glutamate receptor expression may play a critical role in synaptogenesis, formation of neuronal circuitries and neuronal vulnerability. In this study, we have analyzed the mRNA expression profile of excitatory class I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) mGluR1 and mGluR5 as well as the inhibitory class III receptors mGluR4 and mGluR7 during postnatal hippocampal development in the rat using a competitive RT-PCR assay. A transient upregulation was observed for mGluR1 with a peak expression at postnatal day 30. The expression for mGluR4 and mGluR5 continuously declined during postnatal maturation (postnatal days 4–90). In contrast, the decline of mGluR7 expression was less substantial in this period. This divergent pattern of mGluR gene expression during postnatal development of the hippocampus may correspond to neuronal pattern formation and plasticity, but may also provide a molecular basis for altered seizure susceptibility and neuronal vulnerability in the developing rat hippocampus.
Tracking movements of deep demersal fishes in the Porcupine Seabight, north-east Atlantic Ocean

Miniature acoustic transponders wrapped in bait were deployed on the sea floor in the continental rise and slope regions of the Porcupine Seabight during August 1992. These were ingested by Centroscymnus coelolepis (Chondrichthyes, Selachii) at 1517–1650 m depth, Antimora rostrata (Osteichthyes, Moridae) at 2020–2501 m depth, and Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus (Osteichthyes, Macrouridae) at 2501–4050 m depth. Fish with baits in their stomachs were tracked using a scanning sonar deployed on the sea floor. All fish had moved out of range of the sonar (500 m) within 3–9 h of the bait reaching the sea floor, indicating no site fidelity. Swimming speed of C. (N.) armatus increased with depth from 0056 m s-1 at 2500 m to 0·109 m s-1 at 4000 m. This is partially explained by a bigger-deeper trend in fish size.
Bryological Papers. II. The Origin of the Cupule of Marchantia

(WITH FOURTEEN FIGURES) The study of the cupule of Marchantia has evidently been confined to the later stages of its development, and especially to the origin of the gemmae and the order of cell division in them. Nowhere have we been able to find any account of the origin of the cupule, and the earlier stages of its development seem to have escaped observation. Its homology with other structures in the upper part of the thallus has apparently been a matter of speculation rather than of investigation. Thus, CAMPBELL casually remarks' that the gemma cup is apparently a specially developed air chamber, but gives no details and adduces no evidence therefor. Although Marchantia has been much investigated and indeed has been long a favorite subject for instruction in laboratories, KNY seems to have been the first to examine any of the early stages of development of the cupule itself. This he did for the purpose of illustrating the development of Marchantia on his charts and describing the same in the accompanying text.2 But he does not show or describe the origin of the cupule; the earliest stage referred to corresponds roughly to our fig. io, when it has become a rather deep pit. Our studies upon the origin of the air chambers in Marchantiales3 suggested to us an inquiry into the origin of the cupule, to determine I CAMPBELL, D. H. , Mosses and ferns, 2d ed. 44. I905.
Trap cropping to manage green vegetable bug Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in sweet corn in New Zealand

Abstract 1 The use of trap crops to reduce green vegetable bug (GVB) Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) damage to process sweet corn Zea mays (L.) was investigated in three field experiments. 2 In the first season, small plots (2.7 m by 10 m) of white mustard Sinapis alba (L.) with pea Pisum sativum (L.) were sown along a crop border and compared with sweet corn alone. 3 In the second season, black mustard Brassica nigra (L.) was sown at two sowing dates (14 days apart) and compared with a sweet corn control, to examine how the maturity of the trap crop affected numbers of GVB trapped. 4 A field scale experiment was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of black mustard as a trap crop to protect larger areas of sweet corn from GVB. 5 In all three experiments, GVB populations were much higher on the trap crops compared with the sweet corn. 6 In both small plot experiments, GVB were contained largely within the trap crop for 2 weeks until the sweet corn was harvested. 7 The field scale experiment demonstrated the efficacy of the trap cropping technique to protect larger areas of crop from GVB. 8 Percentages of damaged sweet corn cobs in the outside row of fields protected by a trap crop were 0% and 1%, respectively, compared with 11% and 22% in control fields. 9 Trap cropping is recommended as an effective strategy to manage this insect. Options for cultivating or spraying the trap crops to reduce bug survival are discussed.
Notes on the self-pollination in Dendrobium biflorum (Orchidales, Dendrobiinae)

The conditions favouring self-pollination are determined for a species of Dendrobium Sw. A survey of gynostemium micro­morphology in collected flowers of Dendrobium biflorum revealed two stages of a unique form of autogamy: on germination of pollen tetrads, pollen tubes reached the stigmatic region without the pollen being displaced from the anther locules. This is the first time for this type of autogamy to be reported in Dendrobium biflorum . Pollen grains germinated directly from the locules, bypassing the stigma or falling or sliding down onto the stigmatic surface. The pollen tubes were long and reached the stylar canal. On The Society Islands, differences in exposure of the habitats to weather conditions and altitude gradients influence both composition and form of the vegetation, as well as the occurrence of pollinators. The form of autogamy described here may be the usual method of pollination found on The Society Islands (and even the whole of French Polynesia), where suitable pollinators are absent and/or growth conditions stressful.
Improving the performance of a direct photosynthetic/metabolic bio-fuel cell (DPBFC) using gene manipulated bacteria

In our laboratory, we have developed a mediator-less direct photosynthetic/metabolic bio-fuel cell (DPBFC) in which microparticles of polyaniline were adopted as the electrode material to extract reducing equivalents from bacteria. In this paper, we selected purple photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopesudomonas palustris as a new fuel source which requires organic compounds for photosynthesis and emits hydrogen as a result of nitrogenase activity. To improve the electron generation efficiency of R. palustris, gene manipulation was applied so as to suppress hydrogen emission. We assumed that if hydrogen emission was suppressed, more reducing equivalents would be stored inside R. palustris. As a result, the power density obtained for the mutant was 18.3 µW cm−2, which was higher than for the wild type. In addition, we have prototyped a replaceable medium-type DPBFC for activating R. palustris by replacing the old medium with a fresh one which extended the fuel cell life to 8 h, four times longer than without medium replacement.
Enhancing Security of Steganographic System using TDEA

: The security of data over unsafe communication network has always been a primary concern in the attention of researchers. With the rapidly growing practise of the internet in all personnel and business drives, the concern for the illegal access by an intruder and later misuse, has further put strain on the industry for developing means and techniques to overcome this. Cryptography involves transforming a confidential data into unintelligible forms or ciphertext might produce suspicious in the mind of opponents. On the other hand, Steganography implant secrete message in to a cover media and hides its presence. As a normal practise, data embedding is employed in communication, image, text or multimedia contents for the purpose of copyright, authentication and digital signature etc. Both techniques provides the sufficient degree of security but are vulnerable to intruder’s attacks when used over unsecure communication channel. Attempt to combines the two techniques i.e. Cryptography and Steganography, did results in security improvement. The existing steganographic algorithms primarily focus on embedding strategy with less consideration to pre-processing of data which offer flexibility, robustness and high security level. The proposed work presents a unique techniques for image steganography based on “Triple Data Encryption Algorithms (TDEA)” using the strength of multiple encryption enhancing the security level over unsafe communication channel.
Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in durum wheat

The occurrence of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in durum wheat samples (n=150; 25 lines × 2 reps × 3 environments) collected in 2010 from 3 areas located in north-central Italy was evaluated. In addition, the co-occurrence of other trichothecenes was considered. An optimised extraction method based on the use of salts followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used for the quantification of the mycotoxins. All samples were found positive for deoxynivalenol at concentrations ranging between 47 and 3,715 μg/kg. A ubiquitous occurrence of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was found; 85% of the analysed samples contained this masked mycotoxin at concentrations varying between 46 and 842 μg/kg. In addition to glycosylated deoxynivalenol, acetylated forms of deoxynivalenol (3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) were also found in most of the durum wheat samples. The deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio, reaching up to 30% in many samples, was similar to.
Clinical response to the MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic in metastatic melanoma patients is associated with a specific gene profile present prior to treatment

Objectives Gene expression profiling by microarrays is used to identify biomarkers predictive of the observed clinical activity of the MAGE-A3 Antigen-Specific Cancer Immunotherapeutic (ASCI) recorded in a Phase II study in metastatic melanoma (EORTC 16032-18031). Clinical activity to MAGE-A3 ASCI treatment in metastatic melanoma patients and a gene signature discriminating between clinical benefit and non clinical benefit patients were previously demonstrated (ASCO 2008). The predictive signature improved significantly the median time to treatment failure (2.3 months in the GS (-) and 10.3 months in the GS (+) population. Here we report on a new improved classifier to select patients with a higher likelihood of clinical response to treatment. Methods 75 patients with progressive, unresectable stage III or stage IV M1a MAGEA3 (+) melanomas, were randomized as 1st line therapy between immunization with MAGE-A3 recombinant protein combined with GSK Adjuvant Systems AS15 or AS02B. Gene expression profiling was performed on tumor biopsies taken prior to any immunization. Results Supervised classification experiments were conducted on a subset of 62 patients. A multivariate gene selection process was embedded in the estimation of a mathematical predictive model (linear support vector machine). Using bootstrap resamplings, gene selection was repeated on 30 independent sample sets. A final gene signature of 33 probes was derived from genes appearing most frequently after the various resamplings. The vast majority of the identified genes are immune-related. The final classifier correctly predicts clinical response with 91% sensitivity, 95% specificity and 91% positive predictive value. These performances were estimated on new independent resamplings of the same data. Conclusions The gene signatures found in metastatic melanoma patients are strongly correlated with the response to the MAGE-A3 ASCI treatment, reflecting an immune microenvironment in the tumor present prior to any therapeutic intervention. Such signatures and associated classifier could be used to select patients with a higher likelihood of response to MAGE-A3 ASCI treatment. This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity, a Cancer Research Institute journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research.
Suprabenthic crustacean fauna of a dense Ampelisca community from the English Channel

Ninety-six species (97, 677 individuals) were collected over the course of 6 h in five suprabenthic sledge hauls from a very dense Ampelisca fine sand community from the Bay of Morlaix (western English Channel). All the species migrated into the water column at night (98% of the specimens collected in the suprabenthos were found in the night hauls). The 23 most abundant species collected were classified into five groups based on their height within the water column, but two groups predominated: the upper suprabenthic species, abundant at 0–80–145 m above the sea-bed; and the lower suprabenthic species which were abundant only near the sea bottom (-0–1–0–75 m high). Three different patterns of nocturnal vertical migration were distinguished based on the timing of maximum swimming activity: at dusk; at the beginning of the night; or later in the night. Sexually dimorphic patterns of free-swimming behaviour was observed in Ampelisca and some other species of Amphipoda (Bathyporeia teniupes, Metaphoxusfultoni), and Cumacea (Bodotria pulchella, Pseudocuma longicornis), with many more males than females migrating into the water column at night. Finally, the density of suprabenthic crustaceans in nocturnal hauls was amongst the highest reported from infralittoral or circalittoral suprabenthic studies on other parts of the Atlantic Ocean sampled during spring.
Gene dosage effects of amylose content in rice endosperm

Seven indica rice varieties with different amylose contents were crossed in all possible combinations including reciprocals. Single grains of parents and F1′s were analyzed to determine the dosage effects of genes responsible for different amylose contents. Different genes for amylose content showed differential effects on endosperm appearance and amylose production in the F1. A single dose of very low or low amylose gene was not capable of producing amylose to the level of their non-waxy parent in waxy/non-waxy crosses. The effect of one dose of gene for intermediate or high amylose was highly conspicious with relatively less dosage effect. Dosage effects were observed in both waxy/non-waxy and among non-waxy crosses. In general, amylose content increased with increase in gene dosage though not in a linear fashion. Cases where amylose content decreased with increase in dosage for higher amylose have also been observed. The importance of such results in understanding the inheritance pattern of this trait has been discussed.
No Job Name

Electrostatic energy (Madelung energy) is a major constituent of the cohesive energy of ionic crystals. Several physicochemical properties of these materials depend on the response of their electrostatic energies to a variety of applied thermal, electrical, and mechanical stresses. In the present study, a method has been developed based on Ewald’s technique to compute the electrostatic energy arising from ion -ion interactions in ionic crystals such as Li xMn2O4 with variable stoichiometries and mixed valencies. An interesting application of this method in computing the voltages of lithium ion batteries employing spinel cathodes is presented for the first time. The effect of including additional interaction terms such as the short-range and the multipolar was estimated and was found to necessitate only a fairly small change in the battery voltage. The advantages of the present method of computation over existing methods are also discussed.
Nitrogen isotope ratios in surface and sub-surface horizons of new zealand improved grassland soils

Abstract Nitrogen isotope analysis of 61 soil samples (0–7.5 cm) from New Zealand improved grasslands showed a variation in 15N concentration with respect to air of -1.1 to +6.8 parts per thousand (815N), with a mean of +3.2. 815N values were found to increase with depth from the soil surface in Wharekohe silt loam and Waimate North clay loam. The 815N values were not well correlated with a number of soil characteristics including total soil N and nitrification activity. The variation of 815N with depth further complicates the use of natural 15N as a tracer in agricultural research.
EQUALITAS Working Paper No. 59 Selection and educational attainment: Why some children are left behind? Evidence from a middle-income country

We model schooling as a sequential process and examine why some children are left behind. We focus on the factors that explain selection at early stages of the education system. Our findings for Uruguay suggest that long-term factors, such as parental background or ethnicity matter across all education stages while the effect of short-term factors, such as family income, wear out as individuals progress in the education system, suggesting a severe selection process at early stages. JEL codes: I20, I24, J13, J15, J24
Network Selection and Spectrum Handoff based on Adaptive Weights in Cognitive Wireless Networks

----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - ICT ( Information and communication technologies) have revolutionized the way of life and its innovative, efficient and effective use is becoming increasingly a potent factor in the growth of society and economy. Explosive surge in the demand for wireless mobile communications services expects that communication to a mobile device anywhere, anytime and anyplace on the globe will be accessible in the near future. The increased demand of channel and thus effective utilization of spectrum can be solved by using the technique where unlicensed spectrum user may be allowed for using licensed spectrum. Bands of fixed licensed spectrum are limited and very precious resource therefore a new technique designated as CRN (cognitive radio network) is able to solve problem related to scarcity of fixed spectrum for unlicensed users. This technique is recently being deployed with wireless networks for thwart limitations of conventional wireless networks. CR (Cognitive radio) is becoming potent technique in upcoming versions related to wireless communications system. Wireless Delay Tolerant Networks (WDTNs) are used in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The number of wireless devices has been increased tremendously on the roads now. Cognitive Radio (CR) has been used by WDTNs. They allow the other wireless devices to use the unutilized spectrum. An innovative technique depended upon PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is proposed having minimized handoff delay and increased throughput. Simulation results shows that proposed protocol have better results using PHSCR algorithm. GRA method is used to select the network that is opt imal when users’ preferences are not considered in CR vehicular networks. In this method relations are established using analysis of availability of spectrum of licensed spectrum with minimum handoff delay. The results obtained prove that the any MADM techniques may be used in selection of optimal network. GRA method helps CR for unused spectrum for the selection of the optimal network for spectral handoff.