Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluid overload in children undergoing mechanical ventilation

Patients admitted to an intensive care unit are prone to cumulated fluid overload and receive intravenous volumes through the aggressive resuscitation recommended for septic shock treatment, as well as other fluid sources related to medications and nutritional support. The liberal liquid supply strategy has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Although there are few prospective pediatric studies, new strategies are being proposed. This non-systematic review discusses the pathophysiology of fluid overload, its consequences, and the available therapeutic strategies. During systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the endothelial glycocalyx is damaged, favoring fluid extravasation and resulting in interstitial edema. Extravasation to the third space results in longer mechanical ventilation, a greater need for renal replacement therapy, and longer intensive care unit and hospital stays, among other changes. Proper hemodynamic monitoring, as well as cautious infusion of fluids, can minimize these damages. Once cumulative fluid overload is established, treatment with long-term use of loop diuretics may lead to resistance to these medications. Strategies that can reduce intensive care unit morbidity and mortality include the early use of vasopressors (norepinephrine) to improve cardiac output and renal perfusion, the use of a combination of diuretics and aminophylline to induce diuresis, and the use of sedation and early mobilization protocols.
Regional Differences in Entrepreneurial Intention of College Students May Exacerbate Regional Economic Gap

Entrepreneurial intention is the basis and premise to start entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurial activities affect regional economic. Based on the survey, this study tries to carry out grey incidence clustering model analyzing data of entrepreneurial intention of 1431 college students. At the same time, 13 cities’ economy of these relevant universities adopt grey incidence clustering model. The results show that the both grey incidence cluster are consistent, which means the economic environment has an impact on the entrepreneurial intention of college students in this region. In turn, the different level of entrepreneurial intention resulting in different entrepreneurial activities further affects this regional economy if entrepreneurship education doesn't work well. We draw a number of implications for the theory and practice of regional entrepreneurial economy development.
Organizational values of companies in Croatia

The concept of organizational values has been engrossing to organizational theoreticians and practitioners alike for a long time. However, especially interesting and useful in the field are the works focused on the identification or recognition of organizational values in actual business organizations, since those works can be of great benefit in actual business practices. Namely, through the analysis of their own organizational values and comparing them with values of other organizations in the business environment, companies can access new ideas and bring about initiatives and actual practical projects. Certain studies have been noted whose goal was to recognize organizational values of business organizations on the global (or possibly regional) level, but it was felt the analysis of organizational values of Croatian companies would be of interest and of use to them in view of the specific business environment within which they operate. To that end, this paper presents the results of researching organizational values of the largest companies in Croatia and comparing them to organizational values present in other companies worldwide.
Protein Kinase R Is Responsible for the Phosphorylation of eIF2α in Rotavirus Infection

ABSTRACT The eukaryotic initiation translation factor 2 (eIF2) represents a key point in the regulation of protein synthesis. This factor delivers the initiator Met-tRNA to the ribosome, a process that is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. Many types of stress reduce global translation by triggering the phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2, which reduces the formation of the preinitiation translation complexes. Early during rotavirus infection, eIF2α becomes phosphorylated, and even under these conditions viral protein synthesis is not affected, while most of the cell protein synthesis is blocked. Here, we found that the kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of eIF2α in rotavirus-infected cells is PKR, since in mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in the kinase domain of PKR, or in MA104 cells where the expression of PKR was knocked down by RNA interference, eIF2α was not phosphorylated upon rotavirus infection. The viral component responsible for the activation of PKR seems to be viral double-stranded RNA, which is found in the cytoplasm of infected cells, outside viroplasms. Taken together, these results suggest that rotaviruses induce the PKR branch of the interferon system and have evolved a mechanism to translate its proteins, surpassing the block imposed by eIF2α phosphorylation.
A comparison of intrinsic and extrinsic compensation instruments: the case of National Bank Of Pakistan (NBP)

The paper aims to compare the compensation instruments which are used as the factors of motivation in the banking sector of Pakistan. With a case study research design, structured interviews were conducted from the fifty ( 5 0 ) employees of NBP branches in district Attock. The responses of interview were scaled and scored according to standardized Likert technique, in such a way that scores for each response were added and then multiplied with total responses. After obtaining scores of the nine compensation factors, Pearson Product correlation was calculated to check the relationship between the compensation factors. The results show that the employees of National Bank of Pakistan were motivated both by the intrinsic as well extrinsic factors of compensation, in such way that extrinsic factors were more causing motivation. The paper has concluded that Compensation Management has a profound direct positive relationship with employee motivation level and intrinsic factors played important role in the motivation process. The paper recommends that public sector banks shall apply progressive human resource strategy and provide healthy compensation plans regarding benefits and intrinsic factors.
Bidirectional DC-DC converter with high step-down and step-up voltage conversion ratio

A bidirectional DC-DC converter with high step-down and step-up voltage conversion ratio is proposed in this paper. Two capacitors series in the high-voltage side of proposed converter are used for voltage division. The divided voltages are then discharged to and charged from the low-voltage side by a modified two-phase interleaved buck-boost converter, respectively. Due to stacking architecture of the proposed converter, high bidirectional voltage conversion ratio with low voltage stresses on power switches can be achieved by the proposed converter with reasonable duty ratio. Besides, a smart phase-rotating control scheme can be integrated into the proposed converter to improve the conversion efficiency at light loads. A prototype circuit with a voltage of 200V in high-voltage side, a voltage of 24V in low-voltage side and a rated output power of 500W is implemented to verify the performance of proposed bidirectional DC-DC converter. Experimental results show that the maximum conversion efficiencies, about 93.40% and 93.86%, for step-down mode and step-up mode, respectively along with lower voltage stresses on power switches can be achieved. Besides, a conversion efficiency improvement of 5.42% can be accomplished for the proposed converter with smart phase-rotating control scheme under 25W.
Simulation and "Seduction" at the Policy Interface

Taking the environmental policy simulations of the 1970s as a starting point, this article looks at the history of interactivity in computer simulation. It argues that the move toward interactive interfaces for computer simulations in this period was motivated as much by the anxieties of model-builders as it was by the new technological affordances offered by time-sharing. By looking at the early history of interactive simulations, the article shows that scholarly representations of simulations as innately “seductive” and “captivating” overlook how these properties were deliberately engineered into software for historically-specific reasons.
Functional consequences of homo‐ but not hetero‐oligomerization between transporters for the biogenic amine neurotransmitters

Before this study, the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) was the only member of the biogenic amine neurotransmitter transporter family that had not been demonstrated to be a functional homo‐oligomer. Here, using two forms of the transporter, I155C and hNET‐myc, with distinct antigenicity and inhibitor sensitivity, we demonstrated that hNET exists as a homo‐oligomer. hNET I155C is a functional mutant and is sensitive to inactivation by the sulfhydryl reagent [2‐(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate, while hNET‐myc is resistant to inactivation by this reagent. Coimmunoprecipitation of these two forms demonstrated that a physical interaction exists between norepinephrine transporter monomers. Further characterization of this physical interaction has revealed that the activity of norepinephrine transporters depends on interactions between monomers. Because norepinephrine transporters and serotonin transporters are the only two members of the neurotransmitter transporter family endogenously expressed in the cell membrane of the same cells, placental syncytiotrophoblasts, we tested the ability of norepinephrine transporters and serotonin transporters to associate and function in a hetero‐oligomeric form. Similarly, coexpression of hNET‐myc with serotonin transporter‐FLAG showed a physical interaction in coimmunoprecipitation assays. However, coexpression of serotonin and norepinephrine transporters did not sensitize norepinephrine transporter activity to inhibition by citalopram, a selective serotonin transport inhibitor. Thus, the norepinephrine transporter–serotonin transporter physical association did not produce functional consequences. Based on this, we propose that the transporters for biogenic amine neurotransmitters interact functionally in homo‐ but not hetero‐oligomeric forms.
Chemistry and Applications of Nanocrystalline Cellulose and its Derivatives: a Nanotechnology Perspective

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is an emerging renewable nanomaterial that holds promise in many different applications, such as in personal care, chemicals, foods, pharmaceuticals, etc. By appropriate modification of NCC, various functional nanomaterials with outstanding properties, or significantly improved physical, chemical, biological, as well as electronic properties can be developed. The nanoparticles are stabilised in aqueous suspension by negative charges on the surface, which are produced during the acid hydrolysis process. NCC suspensions can form a chiral nematic ordered phase beyond a critical concentration, i.e. NCC suspensions transform from an isotropic to an anisotropic chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase. Due to its nanoscale dimension and intrinsic physicochemical properties, NCC is a promising renewable biomaterial that can be used as a reinforcing component in high performance nanocomposites. Many new nanocomposite materials with attractive properties were obtained by the physical incorporation of NCC into a natural or synthetic polymeric matrix. Simple chemical modification on NCC surface can improve its dispersability in different solvents and expand its utilisation in nano-related applications, such as drug delivery, protein immobilisation, and inorganic reaction template. This review paper provides an overview on this emerging nanomaterial, focusing on the surface modification, properties and applications of NCC.
Both selenoproteins and low molecular weight selenocompounds reduce colon cancer risk in mice with genetically impaired selenoprotein expression

It is not known whether selenoproteins (SPs) and/or low molecular weight (MW) selenocompounds are responsible for the cancer protective effects of selenium (Se). Herein, transgenic mice were used that carry a mutant selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA[Ser]Sec transgene which causes reduced SP synthesis in order to evaluate the contribution of SPs to this process. Se homeostasis was characterized in liver and colon of wild type and transgenic mice fed Se deficient diets supplemented with 0, 0.1, or 2.0 μg Se (as selenite)/g diet. 75Se‐labeling, western blot analysis, and enzymatic activities revealed that transgenic mice have significantly (p<0.05) reduced liver and colon glutathione peroxidase, but conserved thioredoxin reductase, regardless of Se status. Transgenic mice had signficantly (p<0.01) more Se in the low MW fraction of liver and colon than wild type mice. Compared to wild type mice, transgenic mice had significantly (p<0.05) more azoxymethane‐induced aberrant crypt formation (a preneoplastic lesion for colon cancer). Supplemental Se significantly decreased (p<0.05) the number of aberrant crypts and aberrant crypt foci in both mouse strains. These results provide evidence that a lack of SP activity increases colon cancer susceptibility, and that low MW selenocompounds reduce preneoplastic lesions independent of SP genotype. Therefore, both SPs and low MW selenocompounds are important for the cancer protective effects of Se.
B Cell Deficiency Confers Protection from Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury 1

Recent data have demonstrated a role for CD4+ cells in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Identifying engagement of adaptive immune cells in IRI suggests that the other major cell of the adaptive immune response, B cells, may also mediate renal IRI. An established model of renal IRI was used: 30 min of renal pedicle clamping was followed by reperfusion in B cell-deficient (μMT) and wild-type mice. Renal function was significantly improved in μMT mice compared with wild-type mice at 24, 48, and 72 h postischemia. μMT mice also had significantly reduced tubular injury. Both groups of mice had similar renal phagocyte infiltration postischemia assessed by myeloperoxidase levels and similar levels of CD4+ T cell infiltration postischemia. Peritubular complement C3d staining was also similar in both groups. To identify the contribution of cellular vs soluble mechanism of action, serum transfer into μMT mice partially restored ischemic phenotype, but B cell transfers did not. These data are the first demonstration of a pathogenic role for B cells in ischemic acute renal failure, with a serum factor as a potential underlying mechanism of action.
Translational requirement for La Crosse virus S-mRNA synthesis: a possible mechanism

Ongoing protein synthesis is required for La Crosse S-mRNA synthesis in vivo, and complete S-mRNA can be made in vitro only in the presence of an active rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Using in vitro systems based on the polymerase activity of purified virions, we further support the notion that it is translation of the nascent mRNA that is required for complete transcription. Since replacement of guanosine with inosine in the nascent mRNA substitutes for the translational requirement, it appears that translation is required to prevent interactions of the nascent chain from taking place, which, if not prevented, lead to premature termination. These interactions appear to be between the nascent mRNA chain and its nucleocapsid template. A model for the translational requirement for complete S-mRNA synthesis is presented.
Protection of piglets against atrophic rhinitis by vaccinating the sow with a vaccine against Pasteurella muftocida and Bordetelia bronchiseptica

The efficacy of a new vaccine against atrophic rhinitis in pigs was tested in the Netherlands and Denmark. The vaccine contained protein dO (a truncated Pasteurella multocida toxin which is immunogenic and nontoxic), inactivated Bordetelia bronchiseptica whole cells, and an adjuvant. The sows were either vaccinated intramuscularly with 2 ml of the vaccine at six to eight and two to four weeks before expected farrowing or left unvaccinated as controls. All the piglets were challenged intranasally with B bronchiseptica when three to seven days old and with P multocida three to four days later. Pigs born to the vaccinated sows performed significantly better than pigs born to the control sows when judged on growth, average daily weight gain and snout scores. The challenge organisms were reisolated more frequently from the control pigs than from the pigs in the vaccinated group. The vaccinated sows and their progeny developed high titres of antibodies against B bronchiseptica and P multocida toxin.
Intestinal attraction: CCL25 functions in effector lymphocyte recruitment to the small intestine.

A large surface area and continuous exposure to the outside environment through food intake make the intestines an ideal location for the growth and/or entry of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. It is therefore not surprising that large numbers of lymphocytes are associated with the intestines within specialized gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and in the intestines themselves (1). Within the intestines, lymphocytes are localized in two main compartments, the lamina propria (LP) and the intestinal epithelium (IE). Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) consist mainly of cytotoxic T cells and have been divided into two subsets, type a and type b, based on their mode of antigen recognition (2). Responses of type a IELs are MHC restricted and directed against peptides derived from invading pathogens. Type b IELs display limited T cell receptor (TCR) diversity (both αβ and γδ TCRs are utilized), are not restricted by classical MHC molecules, and are thought to be largely autoreactive, recognizing
Genetic analysis of transposon-induced mutations of the Rac prophage in Escherichia coli K-12 which affect expression and function of recE

Fourteen mitomycin-resistant revertants of a recB21 recC22 strain were isolated after Tn5 mutagenesis. Eight of the mutations (type I) were essentially inseparable from aphA+ (Kanr) of Tn5; six (type II) were not. We hypothesize that the former are Tn5 and that the latter are IS50 insertions. Because of their phenotypic similarity to sbcA and sbcB mutations, which also suppress recB21 recC22, we have called them sbc mutations. sbc-lll::Tn5 was cotransducible with nirR and has thereby been located at position 29.8 on the Escherichia coli map in the vicinity of the Rac prophage and sbcA mutations. A recB21 recC22 sbc-lll::Tn5 strain was subjected to Tn10 mutagenesis, and a mitomycin- and UV-sensitive mutant was isolated. tet+ of Tn10 was 85% cotransducible with aphA+ of Tn5, locating these two transposons 0.1 map unit apart. A three-point cross located the Tn10 mutation at position 29.7. We hypothesize that the Tn10 insertion is located in recE and that the Tn5 and IS50 insertions activate expression of this gene. sbc-lll::Tn5 was found to be cis acting and dominant to its wild-type allele as were two sbcA mutations (sbcA1 and sbcA6). Five other type I and type II insertion mutations were dominant to their wild-type alleles. We hypothesize that the sbc insertion and sbcA mutations affect transcription regulation of recE and discuss the possibility that they do so differently.
Fetal therapy for obstructive uropathy: diagnosis specific outcomes [corrected].

PURPOSE Attempts to evaluate prenatal vesico-amniotic shunt therapy have been hampered by inconsistencies in patient selection, treatment and termination criteria, and outcomes measurement. Outcomes have generally been measured against those of patients with postnatally detected posterior urethral valves. The purpose of this report was to evaluate the influence of the underlying diagnosis on the clinical outcomes of fetuses undergoing evaluation for prenatal intervention for suspected obstructive uropathy. Furthermore, specific outcomes diagnosis was compared to the published natural history of these disorders to begin to establish a basis for measuring the efficacy of prenatal intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 55 consecutive patients undergoing prenatal evaluation using structured outcome measures stratified by specific diagnoses to provide a comparison to the reported natural history for each underlying disorder. RESULTS All fetuses had early onset of oligohydramnios/anhydramnios representing the worst end of the spectrum. Compared to postnatally diagnosed patients, prenatally diagnosed patients with posterior urethral valves had lower survival (60 versus 93%) but similar postnatal renal failure rates (31 versus 33%). Cases of prenatally detected but untreated posterior urethral valves had a 44% renal failure rate. In fetuses with the prune-belly syndrome survival (86 versus 72%) and renal function rates (17 versus 27% renal failure) compared favorably with the postnatal experience, although 55% of the cases had significant urethral obstruction. All patients with urethral atresia died. CONCLUSIONS The underlying etiology of obstruction appears to have a marked influence on clinical outcome independently of treatment. When evaluated by specific diagnosis, intervention appears to provide outcomes in these high risk fetuses that are comparable to those for disease detected postnatally. Interpretation of series that do not distinguish cases by onset, severity and specific pathological process is problematic. Greater standardization of patient selection, treatment and outcome measurement, including the use of specific diagnoses, is necessary to allow an accurate assessment of the efficacy and proper role of fetal therapy.
Objective quality evaluation of noise-suppressed speech: effects of temporal envelope and fine-structure cues

While temporal envelope and fine-structure cues are known to be good predictors for speech intelligibility, it is not clear how well they are correlated with subjective quality ratings, particularly those using noise-suppressed speech. The present work evaluated the performance of two objective measures (i.e., NCM and TFSS), which were originally developed with primarily envelope or fine-structure cue as speech intelligibility indices, when they were applied for predicting the subjective quality ratings of noise-suppressed speech along three dimensions of signal distortion, noise distortion and overall quality. We considered a wide range of distortion introduced by four types of real-world noises at two signal-to-noise-ratio levels and by four classes of noise-suppression algorithms. This work finds that the present envelope-and fine-structure-based measures poorly predict the subjective quality ratings of noise-suppressed speech. The PESQ measure is so far the best choice in terms of objectively evaluating both subjective quality ratings and intelligibility scores of noise-suppressed speech.