Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Benefit and Safety of Preoperative Administration of Steroid in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection

Objective: To evaluate the benefit and safety of preoperative administration of steroid in patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which comparing preoperative administration of steroid in patients undergoing liver resection with control group were identified through a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central databases. This meta-analysis was carried out to assess the liver function, inflammatory response, and postoperative complications after liver surgery. Results: Six RCTs including 411 patients were reviewed. The pooled result showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of overall complications between the steroid group and the control group (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27–1.17; P = 0.13). With respect to specific complications, no significant difference was detected between the two groups in infection complications (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.13–6.95; P = 0.96), wound complications (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.32–1.33; P = 0.24), liver failure (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.10–1.64; P = 0.21), bile leakage (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.17–1.89; P = 0.36), and pleural effusion (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.55–2.78; P = 0.60). For liver function, the level of serum total bilirubin (TB) on postoperative day 1 (POD 1) was significantly decreased associated with the intervention of steroid (MD, −0.54; 95% CI, −0.94 to −0.15; P = 0.007). However, no significant difference was found in the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (MD, −69.39; 95% CI, −226.52 to 87.75; P = 0.39) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (MD, −93.44; 95% CI, −275.68 to 88.80; P = 0.31) on POD 1 between the two groups. Serum IL-6 level on POD 1 (MD, −57.98; 95% CI, −73.04 to −42.91; P < 0.00001) and CRP level on POD 3 (MD, −4.83; 95% CI, −6.07 to −3.59; P < 0.00001) were significantly reduced in the steroid group comparing to the control group. Compared with the control group, the level of early postoperative IL-10 was significant higher in the steroid group (MD, 17.89; 95% CI, 3.89 to 31.89; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Preoperative administration of steroid in liver resection can promote the recovery of liver function and inhibit the inflammatory response without increasing postoperative complications. Further studies should focus on determining which patients would benefit most from the steroid.
Agephagy – Adapting Autophagy for Health During Aging

Autophagy is a major cellular recycling process that delivers cellular material and entire organelles to lysosomes for degradation, in a selective or non-selective manner. This process is essential for the maintenance of cellular energy levels, components, and metabolites, as well as the elimination of cellular molecular damage, thereby playing an important role in numerous cellular activities. An important function of autophagy is to enable survival under starvation conditions and other stresses. The majority of factors implicated in aging are modifiable through the process of autophagy, including the accumulation of oxidative damage and loss of proteostasis, genomic instability and epigenetic alteration. These primary causes of damage could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, deregulation of nutrient sensing pathways and cellular senescence, finally causing a variety of aging phenotypes. Remarkably, advances in the biology of aging have revealed that aging is a malleable process: a mild decrease in signaling through nutrient-sensing pathways can improve health and extend lifespan in all model organisms tested. Consequently, autophagy is implicated in both aging and age-related disease. Enhancement of the autophagy process is a common characteristic of all principal, evolutionary conserved anti-aging interventions, including dietary restriction, as well as inhibition of target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS). As an emerging and critical process in aging, this review will highlight how autophagy can be modulated for health improvement.
The Search for the Genes of Vasovagal Syncope

Only humans faint, and not all do so. Syncope tends to recur, and the predisposition to syncope can persist over many decades. Observations such as these have suggested that there may be a genetic predisposition to vasovagal syncope. It seems to have a high prevalence in some families; having a parent who faints increases the likelihood of an offspring fainting, and this is increased even further if both biological parents faint. Numerous studies have correlated a number of genotypes with positive tilt tests. However, the control subjects are usually those who faint, but have negative tilt tests, making the conclusions about association with the clinical phenotype less certain. Twin studies, highly focused genome-wide association studies, and gene duplicate studies all suggest there are sites in the genome that associate with vasovagal syncope, although the specific genes, pathways, and proteins are unknown. A recent large, candidate gene study of kindreds with high, multigenerational prevalence of the vasovagal syncope identified 3 genes that associate with vasovagal syncope. Our understanding of the genetic correlates of vasovagal syncope is in its infancy, with much to be understood.
Floral Color, Anthocyanin Synthesis Gene Expression and Control in Cape Erica Species

Introduction: The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is a biodiversity hotspot, recognized globally for its unusually high levels of endemism. The origins of this biodiversity are a long-standing topic of research. The largest “Cape clade,” Erica, radiated dramatically in the CFR, its ca. 690 species arising within 10–15 Ma. Notable between- and within-species flower color variation in Erica may have contributed to the origins of species diversity through its impact on pollinator efficiency and specificity. Methods: We investigate the expression and function of the genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway that controls floral color in 12 Erica species groups using RT-qPCR and UPLC-MS/MS. Results: Shifts from ancestral pink- or red- to white- and/or yellow flowers were associated with independent losses of single pathway gene expression, abrogation of the entire pathway due to loss of the expression of a transcription factor or loss of function mutations in pathway genes. Discussion: Striking floral color shifts are prevalent amongst the numerous species of Cape Erica. These results show independent origins of a palette of mutations leading to such shifts, revealing the diverse genetic basis for potentially rapid evolution of a speciation-relevant trait.
Teacher's Attitude and Its Impact on Children's Access to Primary Education: Evidences from Primary Data

Education is recognised as a basic input for empowering individual and overall development of the society. The universalisation of primary education continues to be a distant dream even after sixty years of indepencence, enormous funding and promises. Rather, the goal of universalisation has only been sparsely achieved and much has to do with the way access has been defined. The government’s approach of defining access in terms of attainment i.e., increasing literacy rate, enrolment ratios, infrastructure and teachers availability etc. and then making them affordable to the masses has proved to be grossly unsatisfactory. The approach has been narrowed in including a relevant aspect i.e., the attitude of providers which determines the willingness of first generation learners to join educational institutions and thus, affects access to primary education to a large extent. Keeping this in background, the present paper argues that mere availability and affordability of facilities cannot ensure access. It must be accompanied with an encouraging attitude and high commitment of education providers. Availability and Affordability would fail miserably in ensuring access if those who are involved in providing the facilities to the deprived section actually do not accept their role, acknowledge their responsibility and are not prepared to work tirelessly towards the end.The paper intends to measure the rural-urban disparity in attitude of teachers for which it uses data collected through a primary survey of six basic survey units- 4 villages and 2 wards from the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh. Multi-stage sampling has been done to select the schools and households to be surveyed. Two groups of people were interviewed- parents whose wards were studying in the schools in the survey area and headmaster of different primary schools falling in the locality, thus making the total sample size of 450 parents and 31 headmasters, respectively. For measuring attitude, a psychometric response scale developed by Likert has been used. Likert scaling on 1-5 points has been done for transforming the qualitative indicators into quantitative one.The findings of the study suggests that excessive reliance on year end examination, sparse personalised attention of teachers towards individual problems of the weak students, checking homework on irregular basis and lack of commitment or an easy going approach of teachers towards their job have been the major problems with schooling system in general and government in particular. For ensuring commitment and dedication among the providers, government can employ college/university students during their vacation days for carrying different surveys so as to reduce non-teaching burden of teachers and allow them to solely teach. Besides this, the grading of teachers should be done on the basis of their qualification, behaviour and involvement with students, classroom activity and student’s performance both in terms of oral and written examination of student. This would enhance the motivation and commitment level of teachers.
What health educators need to know : a review of strategies and approaches in the management of obesity

This paper examines educational strategies and approaches used to treat and prevent obesity. Drawing from the current literature as well as internet and televised media on the treatment and prevention of overweight and obesity, four approaches along a continuum of individualistic and participatory paradigms are identified: treatment, behavioural change, community engagement and environmental approach. Turning from the causes of obesity to possible solutions, the rest of the paper discusses the importance of the health educator‟s role in understanding limitations of each of these paradigms. What Health Educators Need 3
Predicting short term disability benefit days for the Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia

The objective of this study was to predict Short Term Disability (STD) benefits paid by the Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia. An STD benefit is defined as the total number of wage days that a worker is unable to work because of an injury incurred at the workplace. Factors which may explain variability in STD days paid at the claim level were studied with regression analysis and ranked according to the level of importance. This analysis indicated that injury related factors have more of an effect on STD days than other factors such as age and occupation. Regression analysis was used to study total STD days paid within the truncation periods and to predict the total STD days in the coming 6, 12, and 18 months at the area office and W C B levels. The model developed to total STD days paid within the truncation periods showed the relative difference of STD days within each factor. For example, this model showed that the older the claimant is, the more STD days they are likely to receive. The model to predict the total STD days in the coming 6, 12, and 18 months at the area office and WCB level yielded accurate results as measured by a comparison of the estimated STD days and the actual STD days paid in the past. Survival analysis was used to estimate additional and total STD days given that a claim has already received more than a certain number of STD days. The model showed that the more STD days a claimant has received so far, the more additional and total STD days the claimant will receive. Knowing the influential factors on STD days will help W C B seek possible methods to reduce STD days. The predictive models for the coming 6, 12, and 18 months will help the process of budgeting. Finally, based on the predictive model of the additional and total STD days, W C B can anticipate how many STD days will be paid on a particular type of claim given that a claim has already received more than a certain number of days of payment.
Frequency of Ponticulus Posticus, Sella Turcica Bridge and Clinoid Enlargement in Cleft Lip and Palate Peruvian Patients: A Comparative Study with Non-Cleft Patients

Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la frecuencia del Ponticulus Posticus (PP) y Puente selar - Alargamiento clinoideo (PS­AC) en dos muestras de pacientes Peruanos con fisura labiopalatina, junto con determinar si hay diferencias significativas entre sexos y comparar los resultados con dos muestras de controles sin fisura labiopalatina. Imagenes de radiografias cefalometricas laterales fueron utilizadas para determinar la frecuencia de PP (n= 163) y PS­AC (n=150). Los controles estuvieron conformados por 1056 y 417 radiografias de pacientes sin fisura labiopalatina. La prueba chi-cuadrado fue utilizada para determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre los sexos de los pacientes con fisura labiopalatina, y tambien entre las muestras de fisura labiopalatina y los controles. El nivel de confianza se determino en p 0,05). La frecuencia de PS y AC fue de 6% y 8,7%, respectivamente; ambos fueron mas frecuentes en hombres y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sexos; no se encontro diferencias significativas entre las muestras de fisura labiopalatina y los controles en el caso del PS. La frecuencia de AC fue significativamente menor en el grupo de fisura labiopalatina y en las mujeres con fisura labiopalatina respecto a la poblacion sin fisura labiopalatina (p<0,05). Las frecuencias de PP y PS fueron similares a las del grupo control y no deberian ser consideradas como anomalias asociadas a la fisura labiopalatina; la frecuencia del AC fue significativamente menor en pacientes con fisura labiopalatina, y tampoco deberia considerarse como una anomalia asociada; este hallazgo podria ser confirmado en futuros estudios centrados en las apofisis clinoides.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Morocco: epidemiology analysis on a series of 182 cases at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, Morocco

Le cancer de l'ovaire represente environ 4 % des cancers feminins, responsable de plus de 5 % des deces par cancer. Les taux d'incidence et de mortalite tendent a diminuer avec les progres therapeutiques. Afin de determiner quelques aspects epidemiologiques du cancer de l'ovaire au Maroc, une etude descriptive et retrospective a ete menee sur une periode de 34 mois au CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca. 182 cas de tumeurs epitheliales ovariennes (TEO) etaient retenus, representant 60% de l'ensemble des tumeurs au cours de la periode d'etude. L'âge moyen des patientes etait de 48,3 ans. Plus de la moitie des patientes etait multipares (51%) et menopausees (56,6%). Un pic des TEO (28%) entre 41-50 ans etait observe. La douleur pelvienne (71%) suivie de l'augmentation du volume de l'abdomen (37%) etait les signes cliniques les plus frequents. Les tumeurs benignes etaient les plus importantes (53,8%) contres 34,6% des tumeurs malignes. Les stades cliniques FIGO III et IV reunis representaient 55% de l'echantillon. Les cystadenocarcinome (54,3%) sereux representaient le type histologique le plus important. Les donnees echographiques ont montre dans 31 cas une echostructure solido-kystique dans les cas des tumeurs malignes alors que cet aspect representait 50 cas dans les tumeurs benignes. Les attitudes therapeutiques les plus pratiquees etaient : HTSCA dans 25 cas, omentectomie dans 20 cas et curage ganglionnaire dans 15 cas pour les tumeurs malignes. Les cancers ovariens au Maroc sont decouverts a des stades avances. Des actions devraient etre menees pour favoriser un diagnostic precoce et une prise en charge adequate de la maladie. Des etudes a plus grande echelle doivent etre menees.
Clinical Decision Making in Last Semester Senior Baccalaureate Nursing Students

ii Copyright . v Table of contents . vi List of figures . viii List of tables . ix Acknowledgements . x CHAPTER 1 . INTRODUCTION Introduction . 1 Problem statement . 2 Purpose of the study . 8 Theoretical framework . 8 Research questions . 12 Definition of terms . 12 Assumptions of the study . 13 Significance of the study . 14 Chapter summary . 18 CHAPTER 2 . REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Introduction . 19 Search process . 21 Perspectives of Decision Making . 22 Clinical Decision Making in Practicing Nurses . 27 Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Students . 32 Models of Clinical Education . 39 Chapter summary . 42 CHAPTER 3 . METHODOLOGY Introduction . 44 Methods . 44 Design . 44 Setting . 47 Sample.47 Size . 49 Human Subjects Research Consideration . 49 Instrumentation . 50 Data Collection . 55 Data Management . 53 Data Analysis . 54 Chapter Summary . 53 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS Introduction . 68 vii Descriptive Description . 68 Question one results . 70 Themes . 70 Question two results . 92 Question three results . 92 Additional Analysis . 94 Chapter summary . 98 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION Introduction.99 Study Summary . 99 Discussion. 99 Limitations . 111 Nursing Implications . 111 Education . 111 Practice. 113 Research. 114 Policy. 114 Recommendations for Further Research. 115 Conclusions. 115 Chapter summary. 116 REFERENCES. 117 APPENDICES. 136 Appendix A: Email Consent for use of Figure 2 from R. Hamm . 136 Appendix B: Email Permission to use Table 1 . 137 Appendix C: Nurse Decision Making Instrument-Revised 2014 . 138 Appendix D: Demographic Questionnaire . 140 Appendix E: Invitation to participate to school deans . 141 Appendix F: IRB ApprovalUWM . 143 Appendix G: IRB Approval-Duke . 144 Appendix H: IRB Letter of approval-Out of State School . 145 Appendix I: Student Invitation and Consent . 146 Appendix J: Letter of Agreement from NDMI Authors . 148 Appendix K: Email confirmation for using amended instrument . 149 Appendix L: NDMI-14 for CVI testing . 150 Appendix M: Focus Group Interview Guide . 152 Appendix N: Email exchange example to out of state school deans . 154 Curriculum Vitae.157
Total adiposity and its abdominal distribution

Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecologia.2010; 36(3)433-439 http://scielo.sld. cu 434 OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the total adiposity and its abdominal distribution with the arterial pressure levels in middle-age women. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in four consulting rooms of the "19 de Abril" University Polyclinic from the Plaza de la Revolucion municipality. A total of 229 women aged between 45 and 59 were studied to determine the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) was measured registering the arterial pressure figures. RESULTS: The 72 % of study women had excess weight; the 38 % had a waist circumference ≥88 cm, the 37 % was hypertensive. There was a highly significant association between the BMI and the high blood pressure and between the WC and the high blood pressure. There was also an incidence of 65 pre-hypertensive patients and 11 hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION: The hypertensive percentage increases according to an increase in BMI, the high blood pressure is more frequent in women with WC = 88 cm, the high blood pressure percentage is greater in postmenopausal women.
Suplementación con cromo en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y elevado riesgo de diabetes tipo 2: un metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados

Introduccion: el cromo es un oligoelemento esencial para el metabolismo de carbohidratos y lipidos, que actualmente esta prescrito para controlar la diabetes mellitus. Los resultados de las revisiones sistematicas anteriores y metaanalisis de los suplementos de cromo y de perfiles metabolicos en diabetes han sido inconsistentes. Objetivo: el objetivo de este metaanalisis fue evaluar los efectos sobre los perfiles y la seguridad de la suplementacion de cromo en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el colesterol. Metodos: se realizaron busquedas bibliograficas en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science mediante el uso de palabras clave relacionadas y ensayos clinicos aleatorios durante el periodo de 2000-2014. Resultados: trece ensayos cumplieron los criterios de inclusion y se incluyeron en esta revision sistematica. Las dosis totales de la suplementacion con Cr y levadura de cerveza oscilaron desde 42 hasta 1.000 mg/dia, y la duracion de la suplementacion vario de 30 a 120 dias. El analisis indico que hubo un efecto significativo de la suplementacion de cromo en los diabeticos en la glucemia en ayunas, con un tamano del efecto promedio ponderado de -29,26 mg/dl, p = 0,01, IC del 95% = -52,4 a -6,09; y sobre el colesterol total, con un efecto promedio ponderado de -6,7 mg/dl, p = 0,01, IC del 95% = -11,88 a -1,53. Conclusiones: la evidencia disponible sugiere efectos favorables de la administracion de suplementos de cromo sobre el control glucemico en pacientes con diabetes. Los complementos de cromo pueden ademas mejorar los niveles de colesterol total.
Childhood Depression as Emerging Public Health Problem: a Systematic Review

As an important problem of public health, the childhood depression deserves special attention, in which the serious and long term consequences of the disease weigh to the childhood development. Taking this in consideration, the present study was based in the following research question: which practical contribution the actual scientific literature about childhood depression has to offer to clinicians and researchers? The aim of the present study was to evaluate the actual evidence concerning the different aspects (etiology/risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognostic and prevention) of childhood depression, with the purpose to systematize such evidences and to contribute with the knowledge about the problem. In way to reach this aim, it was performed a systematic review of articles about childhood depression, in the period from January first of 2010 to January 16 of 2014, in the databases PubMED, MEDLINE and SciELO. In the research, the following terms were used: “depression” (MeSH), “child” (MeSH) and “childhood depression” (Keyword). Of the 860 found studies, 76 met the eligibility criteria. The found studies covered a wide variety of aspects related to childhood depression, as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognostic. The actual scientific literature about the childhood depression converges to, directly or not, highlight the negative impacts of the depression disorders to the life quality of the children. Unfortunately, the found studies show that the childhood depression is a disorder that develops most commonly in a poverty and vulnerability scenery, where the individual and familiar necessities concerning the childhood depression are not always taken in consideration. In this context, this review demonstrates that the depression started in the childhood commonly leads to others psychiatric disturbs and comorbidities.Many of the found studies also confirmed the hypothesis that the human element involved in the care, especially the health professionals’ team, is still not adequately capacitated to deal with the childhood depression. In this way, additional researches focusing the development of programs destined to prepare health professionals to treat childhood depression are necessary, plus to complementary studies, with bigger and more homogeneous samples, centered in the prevention and in the treatment of childhood depression.