Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RL Unplugged: Benchmarks for Offline Reinforcement Learning

Offline methods for reinforcement learning have a potential to help bridge the gap between reinforcement learning research and real-world applications. They make it possible to learn policies from offline datasets, thus overcoming concerns associated with online data collection in the real-world, including cost, safety, or ethical concerns. In this paper, we propose a benchmark called RL Unplugged to evaluate and compare offline RL methods. RL Unplugged includes data from a diverse range of domains including games (e.g., Atari benchmark) and simulated motor control problems (e.g., DM Control Suite). The datasets include domains that are partially or fully observable, use continuous or discrete actions, and have stochastic vs. deterministic dynamics. We propose detailed evaluation protocols for each domain in RL Unplugged and provide an extensive analysis of supervised learning and offline RL methods using these protocols. We will release data for all our tasks and open-source all algorithms presented in this paper. We hope that our suite of benchmarks will increase the reproducibility of experiments and make it possible to study challenging tasks with a limited computational budget, thus making RL research both more systematic and more accessible across the community. Moving forward, we view RL Unplugged as a living benchmark suite that will evolve and grow with datasets contributed by the research community and ourselves. Our project page is available on this https URL.
A Review of Nonprofit Marketing Texts@@@Cases in Public and Nonprofit Marketing@@@Readings in Public and Nonprofit Marketing@@@Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations@@@Cases and Readings in Nonprofit Marketing

TEXTS: Cases in Public and Nonprofit Marketing By Christopher H. Lovelock and Charles B. Weinberg (Palo Alto, CA: The Scientific Press, 1977, 220 pp., .$14.50) Readings in Public and Nonprofit Marketing By Christopher H. Lovelock and Charles B. Weinberg (Palo Alto, CA: The Scientific Press, 1978, 304 pp., $14.50) Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations, 2nd Edition By Philip Kotler (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982, 528 pp., $23.95) Cases and Readings in Nonprofit Marketing By Philip Kotler, O. C. Ferrell and Charles W. Lamb, Jr. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982,480 pp., $14.95) Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations By David L. Rados (Boston, MA: Auburn House, 1981, 572 pp., $24.95)
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: Improving the Sensitivity of CLOtest by Increasing the Number of Gastric Antral Biopsies

Background and Goal The rapid urease CLOtest is commonly used during endoscopy to diagnose the presence of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to determine whether the sensitivity of the CLOtest can be improved by increasing the number of gastric antral biopsies from 1 to 4. Methods The study included 100 adult patients who were referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and tested positive for H. pylori infection on 13C urea breath test (“gold standard”). These 100 patients were then randomly divided into 4 equal groups (groups 1 to 4), and underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients in group 1 had 1 gastric antral biopsy during endoscopy, whereas those in groups 2, 3, and 4 had 2, 3, and 4 biopsies, respectively. The biopsies were placed in the rapid urease CLOtests, which were incubated at room temperature for up to 24 hours, and read for positive results at 1, 6, and 24 hours. Results About half of the patients (52%) had a positive CLOtest in group 1, compared to 68% in group 2, 76% in group 3, and 96% in group 4 (group 1 vs. 4 P<0.01). After 1 hour of incubation 96% of the patients in group 4 had a positive CLOtest, compared to 40% in group 3, 12% in group 2, and 4% in group 1. Conclusions Increasing the number of gastric antral biopsies from 1 to 4 significantly improves the sensitivity of the CLOtest, eliminates sampling error, and hastens the time needed by the test to become positive for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
The 2.0 Marketing Strategies for Wine Tourism Destinations of Excellence

The aim of this paper is to empirically research the use of Web 2.0 applications in the communication strategies of wine tourism destinations of excellence; main attention will be focused on the integration of these tools within the “official” destination websites. The main research questions are: (1) Do wine tourism destinations of excellence worldwide make use of Web 2.0 tools in their official websites? (2) Is it possible to estimate the degree of intensity of use of such tools? The method used for the purpose of this research is inductive: starting from the observation of some specific cases we wanted to implement a scoring model that, taking into account the presence and intensity of the use of Web 2.0 tools selected by the wine tourism destinations of excellence, could be replicated in different contexts from the one analyzed here. The study reveals the interest in the tools of Web 2.0 by the institutional bodies responsible for management of destinations; however it also shows that there is not a full awareness of the scope of strategic and organizational development in the web 2.0 applications resulting in the relationship with potential visitors and those who have already experienced a tourist territory.
Skills for Employability

It has been widely reported that India currently enjoys an extraordinary ‘demographic dividend’. More than half of its population is below the age of 25 years, and over 60 percent are in the working age group (15 to 59 years). However, it is also commonly recognized that this huge labour force needs to be equipped with suitable skills and knowledge to bring out its full potential and fuel the nation’s economic growth. Hence, there is an urgent need to boost the employment potential of working-age Indians, especially youth, by training them in industry-relevant skills.
The all-organic route to doping graphene

New materials that promise to improve electronic devices often inspire great enthusiasm. After all, there is the possibility that they will revolutionize the way we build computers, transmit electricity, illuminate houses, make flat-panel displays, and so on. But the truth is that it takes a great deal of time and painstaking work to put these materials to practical use and make them commonplace. Think, for example, about semiconductors, and silicon in particular. Despite the claims that it will one day be swept from the innards of computers by new, superior materials, silicon is still a workhorse of modern electronics. There is a clear explanation for such longevity: Producing silicon in large quantities is cheap and easy and, perhaps most importantly, we know how to manipulate its electronic properties with chemical doping. By admixing into silicon a small concentration of foreign atoms, we can tune the concentration of electrons or holes with the precision needed to make diodes, solar cells, and detectors that can meet the tightest specifications.
Molecular Mechanism for the Spontaneous Generation of Pigmentless Porphyromonas gingivalis Mutants

ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the pathogens associated with periodontal diseases, and its protease activity has been implicated as an important virulence factor. Kgp is the major Lys-gingipain protease of P. gingivalis and appears to be involved not only in enzyme activity but also in hemagglutination and the pigmented phenotype due to heme accumulation and/or hemoglobin binding. However, little information concerning the molecular mechanism for the spontaneous generation of pigmentless P. gingivalismutants is currently available. In this study, several spontaneous pigmentless mutants of P. gingivalis were isolated and characterized. The results revealed that a portion of thekgp gene had been deleted from the chromosomes of the pigmentless mutants. This deletion appears to result from recombination between the highly homologous DNA sequences encoding the adhesin domains of the tandemly arranged hagA and kgpgenes on the chromosomes of P. gingivalis strains.
Search & Rescue using Multi-Robot Systems

Robotic search and rescue is a challenging yet promising research area which has significant real-world application potentials. In this paper, a survey of multi-robot systems and how they can be implemented in search and rescue operations is presented. In particular, the problems of task allocation, communication, and human-robot interaction in multi-robot systems are explored.
SOA-based conceptual model for continuous auditing: A discussion

Continuous auditing has long been proposed to shorten the audit cycle as far as possible and enhance the timeliness of the audit. At present, the research of continuous auditing faces a series of problems, such as the accuracy of data collection, real time, comprehension and flexibility of audit. Applying SOA to the auditing system will help to solve these problems. The SOA-based model for continuous auditing proposed in the paper is carefully studied and discussed; it is expected to have a significant influence on the further research of continuous auditing.
Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicities of Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, and Thioacetamide Using FETAX

Abstract Potential mechanisms of the developmental toxicities of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and thioacetamide were evaluated using frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Early X. laevis embryos were exposed to ethanol and thioacetamide in two separate definitive concentration-response tests with and without differentially induced exogenous metabolic activation systems (MAS) or selectively inhibited MAS. Two concentration-response tests were also performed with ethanol metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetic acid. The MAS was treated with 3,4-amino-1,2,4-triazole to modulate CYP2E1 activity, and heat to inactivate flavin containing monooxygenases (FMO) activity. Results from these studies suggested that thioacetamide may be bioactivated by both CYP2E1 and the FMO systems. Ethanol also appeared to be bioactivated by CYP2E1. Acetaldehyde was markedly more potent as a developmental toxicant than ethanol or acetic acid. Binary joint mixture studies conducted with ethanol and acetaldehyde indicated that the parent compound and metabolite acetaldehyde acted in a response additive manner. These results warrant the continued use of FETAX as a means of evaluating mechanisms of developmental toxicity in vitro.
NextSTEPS White Paper: THE HYDROGEN TRANSITION

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) experienced a surge of interest in the early 2000s due to their potential to provide significant reductions in greenhouse gas and criteria air pollution, quick acceleration, fast refill, long range and ability to use a fuel (hydrogen) derived from domestic energy resources. However, public interest waned by the late 2000s as FCVs did not materialize in the showrooms and plug-in battery vehicles began entering the commercial market. The perception was that hydrogen was too difficult, and would not appear for several decades, if at all. However, in the past few years, important factors have emerged that are re-accelerating the commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. These include sustained automaker development of FCVs resulting in lower component and vehicle costs and better performance and durability, sophisticated new infrastructure strategies, the rise of public private partnerships for FCV rollout, increase in public support, low-cost natural gas, Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) and carbon policies and interest in hydrogen for storing renewable electricity. The next two to three years will see concerted efforts to introduce hundreds of hydrogen stations capable of supporting tens of thousands of FCVs in selected regions worldwide, backed by several hundred million dollars in public investment and billions of dollars in private investment. If these regional rollouts succeed, hydrogen FCVs might be just a few years behind plug-in vehicles in the commercialization process, and might ultimately capture a larger share of the light duty vehicle market. This paper presents an analysis of the issues surrounding a transition to largescale use of hydrogen. We examine the current status of hydrogen vehicle and
Biochemical and genetic studies on galactosamine metabolism in Neurospora crassa

In Neurospora, galactosamine can be released from the cell wall and from an alcohol-soluble compound by acid hydrolysis. All of the detectable alcohol-soluble galactosamine was present as uridine diphospho-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (UDPGalNAc). The results of pulse-labeling studies and enzymatic assays indicated that UDPGalNAc was synthesized via the epimerization of uridine diphospho-2-acetamido-2-de+xy-D-glucose (UDPGlcNAc). A single-gene morphological mutant, doily (do), which grew at less than 4% the rate of the wild-type strain, had 3% of the wild-type UDPGalNAc content and 0.5% of the wild-type level of cell wall galactosamine but normal levels of UDPGlcNAc and cell wall glucosamine. Cell extracts of the doily cultures containing only 20% of the specific activity of UDPGlcNAc-4-epimerase found in the extracts of wild-type cultures. Two types of faster-growing partial revertants of the doily strain were isolated. One type had an intermediate level of both alcohol-soluble and cell wall galactosamine. A second type had an intermediate level of alcohol-soluble galactosamine but low levels of cell wass galactosamine. Genetic analyses indicated that the reverse mutations had occurred at the do locus in both types. This finding that cell wall glucosamine synthesis and growth rate can be separated genetically indicates that mutations at the do lucus lead to pleiotropic effects.
GMMLoc: Structure Consistent Visual Localization With Gaussian Mixture Models

Incorporating prior structure information into the visual state estimation could generally improve the localization performance. In this letter, we aim to address the paradox between accuracy and efficiency in coupling visual factors with structure constraints. To this end, we present a cross-modality method that tracks a camera in a prior map modelled by the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). With the pose estimated by the front-end initially, the local visual observations and map components are associated efficiently, and the visual structure from the triangulation is refined simultaneously. By introducing the hybrid structure factors into the joint optimization, the camera poses are bundle-adjusted with the local visual structure. By evaluating our complete system, namely GMMLoc, on the public dataset, we show how our system can provide a centimeter-level localization accuracy with only trivial computational overhead. In addition, the comparative studies with the state-of-the-art vision-dominant state estimators demonstrate the competitive performance of our method.
Lifting the veil on trichotillomania.

“Dr. D,” a 32-year-old female general practitioner, presented to a psychiatric referral clinic with a history of repetitive hair pulling since age 14. Recently the hair pulling had escalated, and it now occupied 2–3 hours per day, usually during the evening when Dr. D was relaxing. Despite imaginative efforts to conceal her missing hair and eyebrows, Dr. D felt that she was “fighting a losing battle. ” She reported an overpowering urge to touch, select, and pull out particular hairs and described feelings of tension that were only alleviated by the act of hair pulling. This behavior had led to a growing sense of frustration and shame and avoidance of social contact. When asked about her experience with hair pulling in her own medical practice, Dr. D replied that on numerous occasions she had asked patients with unusual scalp patches about deliberate hair pulling and that the patients invariably denied it.
Suppressors of lysine codons may be misacylated lysine tRNAs

We describe a novel class of missense suppressors that read the codons for lysine at two positions (211 and 234) in the trpA polypeptide of Escherichia coli. The suppressor mutations are highly linked to lysT, a gene for lysine tRNA. The results suggest that the suppressors are misacylated lysine tRNAs that carry glycine or alanine. The mutant codons are apparently suppressed better at position 211 than at position 234, indicating the existence of codon context effects in missense suppression.
Qualité de l'audit et gouvernement d'entreprise : le rôle et les limites de la concurrence sur le marché de l'audit

The firms’ performance is largely dependent of its corporate governance. One main determinant of the corporate governance quality is the level of the information asymetry between the shareholders, the board and the top managers. With a review of the main American researches conducted on the quality and independence of the auditors, we suggest that, in France, a greater concurrence between the auditors would contribute to a better corporate governance. This hypothesis is confirmed by the analysis of rents constitution and by the examination of their consequences on the French audit market.
Hallmarks of Atherosclerotic Lesion Development with Special Reference to Immune Inflammatory Mechanisms

Atherosclerosis is a complex disease that starts during childhood and becomes clinically evident later in life. Atherosclerosis results from an interaction between diverse factors including lipid metabolism, blood coagulation elements, cytokines and hemodynamic stress. Humoral and cellular immune reactions are key events in pathogenesis with the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli being crucial for the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerotic lesions are characterised by the presence of immune competent cells including T-cells and dendritic cells. Dendritic cell interactions with T-cells might be responsible for T-cell activation in atherogenesis. Despite increasing acknowledgment that immune-inflammatory processes participate in atherogenesis. the immune mechanisms remain incompletely defined.
Estimation of Time Delay and Repeater Insertion in Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Interconnects

A closed-form expression for estimation of the 50% time delay and an empirical formula for the optimal number of repeaters to minimize the total time delay in a single multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) interconnect line with a driver and a load are presented. The comparisons between the results from these empirical formulas and those from the numerical circuit simulations show that these empirical formulas can provide accurate estimations of the time delay and the optimal number of repeaters for the MWCNT interconnects. Moreover, it is also observed that the insertion of repeaters into long MWCNT interconnects can effectively reduce the total time delay of the MWCNT interconnects, as often observed in the traditional copper interconnects. Interestingly, it further reveals that the number of repeaters needed in the MWCNT interconnects is only about one third of that in their copper counterparts.
Eigenmode analysis of Eddy Currents and Eigenmode Coil Design

Introduction Eddy currents have long been the bane of MRI. Particularly since the mid 1980s when imaging sequences became more rapid [1] and superconducting magnets became routinely used. When gradient coils are switched rapidly, eddy currents are induced in the cryostat vessel and other surrounding conducting structures. Two principal solutions have been adopted into standard practice for dealing with the spatiotemporal eddy current field problem: “pre-emphasis” aims to temporally modify the gradient pulse such that the primary gradient field and it’s secondary field combine to produce the desired pulse shape [2]; and “active shielding” or “active screening” in which an additional coil is interposed between primary gradient coil and cryostat to reduce the fringe field to almost zero [3]. Preemphasis only works well for one point in space since the eddy current field is not identical to the primary field and changes in time. Active shielding is never perfect with some residual field present in the ROI with complex spatiotemporal behaviour. Both approaches are often used in combination in most MRI scanners. In this work we investigated the nature of the eddy currents induced in surfaces and their relation to the currents in the gradient coil by simulated eigenmode analysis [4]. Additionally, we study a simple solution to improving pre-emphasis by reducing the problem to a purely temporal one.
Sonographically Assisted Percutaneous Removal of Screws in Dynamization of the Interlocking Intramedullary Nail

Dynamization is a method of removing the interlocking screw(s) farthest from the fracture site for improving healing in femoral and tibial fractures that show delayed healing after static interlocking nailing. We describe a simple sonographically assisted technique for percutaneous dynamization of deep‐seated impalpable screws.
Occupational Chemical Exposures among Cosmetologists: Risk of Reproductive Disorders

More research is needed to understand possible occupational reproductive risks for cosmetologists, specifically hairdressers and nail technicians, two occupations that often share workspace and exposure to hair dyes and nail polish. Cosmetologists are predominantly females of reproductive age; thus, they may be at higher risk for the effects of exposure to reproductive toxins. The purpose of this article is to inform nurses and public health professionals about occupational exposures for cosmetologists and discuss interventions to reduce the risks of reproductive disorders among susceptible worker populations.
ird1 is a Vps15 homologue important for antibacterial immune responses in Drosophila

The immune response‐deficient 1 (ird1) gene was identified in a forward genetic screen as a novel regulator for the activation of Imd NFκB immune signalling pathway in Drosophila. ird1 animals are also more susceptible to Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus bacterial infection. ird1 encodes the Drosophila homologue of the Vps15/p150 serine/threonine kinase that regulates a class III phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and is necessary for phagosome maturation and starvation‐induced autophagy in yeast and mammalian cells. To gain insight into the role of ird1 in the immune response, we examine how amino acid starvation affects the immune signalling pathways in Drosophila. Starvation, in the absence of infection, leads to expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and this response is dependent on ird1 and the Imd immune signalling pathway. Starvation, in addition to bacterial infection, suppresses the AMP response in wild‐type animals and reduces the ability to survive M. luteus infection. Our results suggest that starvation and innate immune signalling may be intimately linked processes.
Incentive Instruments and the Weighting of Performance Measures

Research on weighting of measures often examines only one incentive at a time (usually bonus) and provide mixed findings regarding the relevance of non-financial performance (NFM) measures to evaluate and reward long-term time horizon employees. Using proprietary data from an auto dealership organization, we show that financial measures (FM) are weighted more for bonus than they are weighted for merit raise and promotion but NFM are weighted more than FM for merit raise and promotion. Thus, the temporal orientations of the measures and incentives seem to be aligned: the short-term (long-term) nature of FM (NFM) parallel’s the time horizon of the incentives. Next, our exploratory research questions find that for bonuses, both FM and NFM exert similar levels of significant and positive influence on junior and senior managers. But for promotions, the influence of FM is insignificant for both groups. In contrast, the influence of NFM on promotions is not only significant for both groups but is significantly greater for junior managers than it is for senior managers. That is, the evaluations of NFM for senior managers are less influential on their promotion than they are for junior managers suggesting that promotions for senior managers are often based on factors other than their formal performances.