Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of Attachment Theory and Research for Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics

ABSTRACT. This article presents a basic overview of attachment theory, concepts, and research. The review includes a discussion of the nature of the attachment relationship, its origins in human evolutionary history, and common misconceptions about attachment. We describe phases in the development of attachment relationships and review research on factors that influence attachment variations. We discuss the implications of variations in early attachment relationships for later development (adaptation and maladaptation). And finally, we review briefly the implications of attachment theory and research for pediatric practice. Some key points are that (1) virtually all infants become attached to caregivers regardless of quality of care; (2) attachment relationships evolve in phases over time; (3) children with disabilities form attachment relationships in ways comparable to nondisabled children but manifest attachment somewhat differently; (4) the consequences for attachment of out-of-home care, separations, and significant disruptions (e.g., adoption) depend on timing and circumstances; (5) many infant regulatory difficulties, as well as child behavior problems, originate in the caregiving relationship; and finally, (6) change in parent-child relationship disturbances is complex and requires time and effort.
Microinstrument for optical monitoring of endothelial cell migration under controlled tension/compression via integrated magnetic composite polymer actuation

We present a microfabricated platform that allows simultaneous application of controlled stretch/compression forces and fluid flow shear stresses during endothelial cell (EC) live-cell monitoring. Our device employs a highly flexible magnetic composite polymer (M-CP) for actuation of a flexible microchannel system. We combine our M-CP with micropatterned non-magnetic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), resulting in flexible microsystems with integrated actuators and microfluidic channels whereby we can optically visualize cells in order to monitor various aspects of cell behavior including migration, proliferation, and morphological changes. The M-CP can be rendered permanently magnetic, so it can be employed for both substrate tension and compression using the same electro- or permanent magnet with pole reversal. We have demonstrated proof-of-concept of an instrument designed to simultaneously stimulate ECs grown in microfluidic channels with both fluid flow and mechanical stretch/compression using the new M-CP actuators.
Prostaglandin E2 in Dogs with Heart Failure: Hemodynamic, Hormonal, and Renal Effects

Summary: To test the efficacy of exogenous prostaglandins for vasodilator therapy in heart failure, we studied the hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal effects of prostaglandin E2 (1.5–150 ng/kg/min) in six conscious dogs before and after induction of heart failure by right ventricular pacing (250 beats/min, 10 days). In healthy dogs, PGE2 decreased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) by a reduction in total peripheral resistance (TPR), increased cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate with no effect on right atrial pressure (RAP). Plasma levels of renin (PRC) and norepinephrine (NE) were increased at the highest dosage. Renal plasma flow (RPF) and sodium excretion (UNaV) were augmented without a change in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine flow (UF). In dogs with heart failure, PGE2 lowered the MAP and TPR and elevated the CO and SV without an effect on the RAP, PRC, and NE. The RPF and GFR were not changed, but the increase in UNaV was preserved and UF significantly augmented. In experimental heart failure, PGE2 increases the CO due to arteriolar dilation and afterload reduction without inducing further neurohumoral activation and exerts potent natriuretic and diuretic action. Therefore, PGE2 may have beneficial effects in heart failure therapy.
Immunity to coccidiosis: adoptive transfer in NIH mice challenged with Eimeria vermiformis

Summary The development of a reliable model for the adoptive transfer of immunity to coccidiosis (infection with Eimeria vermiformis in NIH mice) is described. More than 108 of a mixture of spleen and mesenteric lymph node(MLN) cells, given either intravenously or intraperitoneally, were required to transfer a significant degree of protection. Dividing cells, present in the donors at 10 or 14 days after priming, but not at 5 or 19 days, were shown to be the effectors. When examined separately. MLN cells were found to be superior to spleen cells, and the injection of as few as 5 × 107 was capable of substantially reducing the oocyst output from a challenge inoculum. The recipients of cells from primed mice had earlier, and sometimes higher, titres of specific antibodies in the serum but, overall, there was no correlation between these titres and protection. Further characterization of the cells responsible for adoptively transferring immunity to this infection should now be possible.
Control of spatial patterning and cell-type proportioning in Dictyostelium.

The spatial patterning of prestalk and prespore cells in the slug arises from the differential sorting of newly differentiated cell types as the mound forms. This pattern is highly organized along an anterior-posterior axis and is constant irrespective of the size of the organism. Cell-type differentiation is plastic until late in development. A change in the ratio of cell types resulting from removal of part of the slug leads to a rapid restoration of the original ratio of the cell types through a pathway involving dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, and sorting of the existing cells. This review provides insight into various molecules, morphogens, and pathways regulating spatial patterning and cell-type proportioning.
The Influence of Smoking and of Oral and Transdermal Nicotine on Blood Pressure, and Haematology and Coagulation Indices

Summary Nicotine is helpful in stopping smoking but its influence on cardiovascular risk factors is incomplete. Our aim was to determine its effect on blood pressure, routine haematology indices, and coagulation indices relevant to thrombosis. Eighteen subjects were seen whilst smoking (cotinine levels 1119 ± 414 ng/ml), again after stopping smoking but while using nicotine chewing gum and/or skin patches (392 ± 198 ng/ml), and again when not using nicotine (cotinine undetectable). There were no significant changes in blood pressures, platelet count, mean platelet volume, viscosity or anti-thrombin III. However, white blood cell count (p = 0.003), lymphocyte count (p = 0.016), red blood cell count (p = 0.02), haemoglobin (p <0.001), fibrinogen (p <0.001) and von Willebrand factor (p = 0.001) all fell between the first and second samples (when still using nicotine) but not between the second and third samples (when off nicotine). Oral and/or transdermal nicotine does not influence blood pressure or the haematology and coagulation indices we have measured.
A Planar Lens Antenna With Circular Edge Inspired by Gaussian Optics

A novel two-dimensional fan-beam lens is presented. The principle of operation of the lens is based on Gaussian optics. The focal point of the circular interface between the dielectric and air is coincident with a focal point of a hyperbolic reflector, while the feeding source is located in the other focal point. The ray tracing method along with physical optics and full wave finite element method (Ansys HFSS) are used to simulate the structure and study the effect of the feed blockage. The two-dimensional lens is implemented in a parallel-plates waveguide and a technique for matching the feeding structure is proposed. Measurement results are presented and confirm the predicted performance.
Consanguinity and early mortality in the muslim populations of India and Pakistan

Empirical information from studies conducted in Pakistan has indicated a high level of offspring mortality that can be attributed to parental consanguinity even when non‐biological variables are controlled. However, with the exception of some small and geographically restricted studies, few comparable data are available on the influence of inbreeding in child survival among the Muslim population of India, which numbers between 100 and 120 million. The present study compares deaths during the first 5 years of life among the offspring of first cousin (F = 0.0625) and non‐consanguineous unions (F = 0), using data collected in the 1992–1993 Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the 1990–1991 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). The focus was on determinants of mortality in live‐born children to age 5 years. In both countries, bivariate analyses indicated that mortality was significantly increased in the offspring of first cousin unions during the neonatal and post‐neonatal, total infant, and under‐5 year periods. The findings were confirmed by multivariate regression, which incorporated control for a range of biological and demographic factors. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:777–787, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental changes in connectivity between the amygdala subnuclei and occipitotemporal cortex

The amygdala, a subcortical structure known for social and emotional processing, can be subdivided into multiple nuclei with unique functions and connectivity patterns. Tracer studies in adult macaques have shown that the lateral and basal amygdala subnuclei decrease in connectivity to visual cortical areas moving from anterior to posterior, and that infants have similar adult-like projections plus additional connections that are refined with development. Can we delineate the connectivity between the amygdala subnuclei and occipitotemporal cortex in humans, and will it show similar developmental differences as macaques? If so, what functional regions may be contributing to this pattern of connectivity? To address these questions, we anatomically defined the lateral and basal amygdala subnuclei in 20 adult subjects, 27 kids (aged 7-8), and 15 neonates. We then defined the occipitotemporal region in each individual’s native anatomy, and split this entire region into five equal sections from anterior to posterior. We also defined visual functional parcellations in the occipitotemporal cortex (e.g. FFA, PPA) and anatomically defined primary visual cortex (i.e., V1). Using Diffusion Weighted Imaging data, we ran probabilistic tractography with FSL between the amygdala subnuclei as seeds and the occipitotemporal cortical parcellations as targets. Results showed that like macaques, the mean connectivity across subjects to the occipitotemporal cortex significantly decreased on a gradient from anterior to posterior, and that connectivity in kids and neonates was adult-like but became more refined across development. Further, refinement of connectivity to mid and posterior occipitotemporal cortex was largely driven by anterior PPA, LO, and V1, with connectivity to higher order visual areas increasing with age. The functional maturation of these regions may contribute to the continued refinement of these connections, in line with Interactive Specialization hypotheses of brain development.
Um modelo conceitual para uso de Big Data e Open Data para Smart Cities

Objetivo : Vivemos um contexto onde a sociedade produz constantemente um alto volume de dados, em distintas fontes, formatos e esquemas. Este fato corresponde ao fenomeno big data . Contribuindo com este fenomeno, o movimento Dados Abertos tambem adiciona seus dados a este volume. Os dados big data e os dados abertos podem servir de insumo para a geracao de conhecimento e as smart cities (cidades inteligentes) podem se beneficiar deste processo. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa e propor um Modelo Conceitual para identificar e classificar as principais fontes, mecanismos e atores das smart cities , visando apoiar pesquisas e a producao de conhecimento para estas cidades. Design/Metodologia/Abordagem: O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa tecnologica, que produz como resultado final um artefato funcional. Tambem foi realizada como procedimento uma pesquisa exploratoria e aplicado os metodos CESM e OntoKEM. Resultados: Como resultado o modelo conceitual identificou os principais atores, fontes de dados e necessidades de informacao das smart cities . As principais fontes de dados foram ainda classificadas e suas caracteristicas apontadas. Foi tambem construido um conjunto de artefatos que auxiliam o uso do modelo proposto. Originalidade/valor: Sua originalidade e identificada no fato de auxiliar a tarefa de identificacao de fontes de dados para smart cities , passo inicial para a geracao de conhecimento para estas cidades. Tambem se destacam os metodos utilizados para construcao do modelo conceitual: Ontokem e CESM. Seu principal valor esta em apoiar pesquisadores e projetos que visem utilizar estas fontes de dados para gerar conhecimento para eventuais cidades.
Application of process mining to assess the data quality of routinely collected time-based performance data sourced from electronic health records by validating process conformance

Effective and accurate use of routinely collected health data to produce Key Performance Indicator reporting is dependent on the underlying data quality. In this research, Process Mining methodology and tools were leveraged to assess the data quality of time-based Emergency Department data sourced from electronic health records. This research was done working closely with the domain experts to validate the process models. The hospital patient journey model was used to assess flow abnormalities which resulted from incorrect timestamp data used in time-based performance metrics. The research demonstrated process mining as a feasible methodology to assess data quality of time-based hospital performance metrics. The insight gained from this research enabled appropriate corrective actions to be put in place to address the data quality issues.
Trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells during embryogenesis and fetal development

Hematopoiesis is sustained by a renewable pool of stem cells that interacts with distinct, sequential and specific microenvironments during normal development and throughout adult life. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are unique in their ability to migrate to various sites, ensuring the safety and integrity of their regenerative potential. This review is focused on the guidance cues and molecular pathways regulating HSC trafficking throughout the lifetime of the organism. We examine and discuss recent findings that shed new light into the molecular connections that feed a complex network between stem cells and their microenvironment, implicating parallel mechanisms for non-hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) migration throughout life is believed to be central to hematopoiesis under homeostasis. Blood circulation enables regulated trafficking of HSCs from specific embryonic and extra-embryonic sites to the fetal liver, ending their developmental journey in the bone marrow (BM) where most of the definitive *Edited by David Scadden. Last revised April 29, 2008. Published July 14, 2008. This chapter should be cited as: Magnon, C. and Frenette, P.S. , Hematopoietic stem cell trafficking (July 14, 2008), StemBook, ed. The Stem Cell Research Community, StemBook, doi/10.3824/stembook.1. 8.1, http://www.stembook. org. Copyright: C © 2008 Claire Magnon and Paul S. Frenette. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. §Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.S. F. (e-mail: paul.frenette@mssm.edu).
Aplicação de Modelos de Previsão de Insolvência nas Operadoras de Planos de Saúde do Brasil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar a aplicabilidade de modelos brasileiros de previsao de insolvencia para as Operadoras de Planos de Saude (OPS) no periodo de quatro anos. A fim de verificar a acuracia dos modelos, buscou-se utilizar a variavel patrimonio liquido para refletir a possibilidade de essas empresas entrarem em insolvencia no periodo de um ano, tendo em vista os recentes casos no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que o Patrimonio Liquido pode ser utilizado como medida de insolvencia para as OPS. Entao, para cada modelo foi analisado o percentual de acuracia e ainda foram comparados obtendo-se um ranking decrescente de performance, estabelecido pelo criterio dos modelos que possuiam maiores percentuais nos grupos de classificacao de Insolvente Correto e Solvente Correto. Os resultados obtidos no estudo indicam que os modelos de Matias (1978) e Altman, Baydia e Dias (1979) podem ser utilizados pelos stakeholders do Mercado de Saude Suplementar e pela Agencia Nacional de Saude Suplementar – ANS, como mais uma ferramenta de gestao financeira e estrategica a fim de evitar, ou pelo menos criar um plano de recuperacao. Os resultados podem ajudar a minimizar os impactos economicos e sociais que a falencia de Operadoras de Plano de Saude causaria nos beneficiarios, que podem acabar tendo que contar com a assistencia prestada pelo setor publico.
Modular approach for the modeling and dynamic analysis of a pipe conveying fluid

In this paper, a modular methodology, in which constraints associated to compatibility conditions can be included a posteriori, is applied for the derivation of a nonlinear reduced order model of a cantilevered pipe conveying fluid, a classical problem in the area of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI). The dynamic response of this model is detailed in the neighborhood of an equilibrium reference state, by describing the dependency of the eigenvalues of its linearized form with respect to its parameters. The assessment of the numerical analysis includes comparisons with benchmark results, which are reproduced accurately, indicating that the adopted modeling approach might be successfully applied for other problems in FSI.
An Object-Based Assessment of Multi-Wavelength SAR, Optical Imagery and Topographical Datasets for Operational Wetland Mapping in Boreal Yukon, Canada

Abstract The authors evaluated multiple remotely sensed datasets for their contributions to operational wetland mapping in a subarctic, boreal cordillera study site in Yukon, Canada. They assessed Sentinel-2 optical imagery, Sentinel-1 C-band and ALOS PALSAR L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, and topographical data from the territorial digital elevation model (DEM) using an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach. Three machine-learning algorithms were tested, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN), using various data combinations (11 model scenarios). RF produced the most accurate results when incorporating all optical, SAR and DEM data (86.5%, kappa 0.84), with open water (100% producer accuracy, PA), marsh (75% PA) and swamps (85.7% PA) being detected most accurately. When assessed in isolation, Sentinel-2 optical data consistently generated more accurate classifications than either SAR platform or DEM data. RF variable importance metrics provided further explanation to these results, indicating the 8 most powerful variables to be optical. Variable reduction tests also produced comparable accuracies, indicating that an optimal RF model can be built based on predictive power rankings. The results can be used to inform resource managers on the efficacy of current datasets and their applications to wetland mapping in northern, subarctic environments.
[Etomidate versus etomidate and hydrocortisone for anesthesia induction in abdominal surgical interventions].

The imidazole derivative etomidate has been shown to block (reversibly) adrenocortical steroid synthesis. Long-term sedation with etomidate has been associated with adrenocortical insufficiency and increased mortality in severely ill patients. The significance of adrenocortical blockade after a single induction dose of etomidate remains a matter of debate. This study was designed to analyze the role of glucocorticoid deficiency after a single induction dose of etomidate for major surgery. In a prospective controlled double-blind study, 20 consecutive patients scheduled for colorectal surgery were randomly allocated to either hydrocortisone substitution or placebo (glucose 5%). Hydrocortisone was given as a continuous infusion in a dose of 100 mg dissolved in 5% glucose over 10 h. We combined general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia (L3-4) using bupivacaine (0.5%). Induction of anesthesia: etomidate (0.2-0.3 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.1-0.2 mg), pancuronium (2 mg), and succinyl-choline (1.0-1.5 mg/kg), with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Anesthesia was maintained at N2O/O2 2:1 and fluothane (0.4-0.6 vol%). At the end of surgery patients were extubated after oxygenation. In all patients blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, and ECG were monitored continuously, both intra- and postoperatively. During induction, patients received 1,000 ml 0.9% NaCl, followed by continuous administration of 0.9% NaCl, 6 ml/kg per hour intraoperatively and 40 ml/kg per 24 hours post-operatively. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ANÁLISIS DE LA EXPERIENCIA DE USO DE UN AGENTE DE COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA CON NIÑOS EN EDAD ESCOLAR

El papel de las tecnologias en la sociedad es fundamental y en continuo crecimiento. En el contexto educativo, se pueden identificar en las ultimas decadas un incremento de nuevas tecnologias educativas, entre las que se encuentran el uso de Agentes Conversacionales Pedagogicos. Esto es, sistemas informaticos que interaccionan con los estudiantes en lenguaje natural, hablado o escrito, y que pueden adoptar el rol de profesor, estudiante o bien companero de estudios. En el curso 2011/2012, aplicamos el Agente Conversacional Pedagogico llamado Dr. Roland, para resolver problemas de matematicas, en un aula con 38 estudiantes de entre 12-13 anos de edad y 3 profesores. En este articulo, se presenta el analisis de la experiencia y como se pueden integrar estas nuevas tecnologias en el aula. Tambien se proporcionan, a partir del analisis realizado, diez recomendaciones que se proponen como guia para docentes, investigadores y profesionales interesados en usar este tipo de agentes. Algunas de estas recomendaciones son combinar el uso del ordenador, con otros dispositivos como tabletas que pueden facilitar el manejo del sistema por varios estudiantes, incluir a los padres para fomentar el uso del agente desde casa, y validar cada uno de los avances realizados con los profesores, padres y estudiantes para adaptarse a sus necesidades.
Effect of electron collisions on ion‐acoustic waves and heat flow

The damping rate of ion‐acoustic waves in a plasma is calculated by numerically solving the electron Fokker–Planck and cold‐ion fluid equations for arbitrary electron collisionality kλei and charge number Z. The damping rate reaches a maximum at kλei∼(Zme/mi)1/2, as predicted by fluid theory, but then remains above fluid‐theory predictions for kλei≳(Zme/mi)1/2. This enhancement is most significant for high‐Z plasmas, where the thermalization due to electron–electron (e–e) collisions is least effective. For kλei≫1, the damping approaches the collisionless Landau limit. The isotropic‐Rosenbluth‐potential approximation for e–e collisions gives rise to errors of up to 10% in the damping rates. A further approximation that involves adjusting the e–i angular scattering collision strength to simulate the contribution from e–e collisions is found to be similarly accurate. In the high‐Z limit, there is a strong reduction in the effective thermal conductivity κ relative to the classical Spitzer–Harm value κSH for k.