Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Battleground States versus Blackout States: The Behavioral Implications of Modern Presidential Campaigns

We examine the influence of “battleground” designation by presidential campaign strategists on the political activation and involvement of resource poor voters, particularly those in lower income brackets. We hypothesize that increased exposure to campaign stimuli may provide lower income voters in the contested states with an appreciable advantage over those in the “blackout” states by underwriting the costs associated with becoming engaged. Our findings show that the condition of living on contested electoral terrain does have a positive impact on the political interest and engagement levels of lower income voters. The results reinforce the importance of the political campaign as an instrument of democracy. Modern campaign strategies can diversify the electorate in meaningful ways, but the influence of the campaign is also limited by the narrow geographic targeting of party resources.
Discuss The Issues Concerning The Relationship Between Theory And Practice Management Accounting As Part Of The Social Science

Dominate the thoughts of positivism in America (Zimmerman, 1979; Watts & Zimmerman, 1979, 1986) and the development of case studies based on management accounting investigators throughout Europe (Panozzo, 1997; Drury & Tayles, 1994, 2005), evidence of improvements in accounting. During this process, management accounting in the economic concepts related to its development and the social sciences as well from sociology, psychology and organizational studies. Furthermore, this improvement may be due to the emergence of systematic methods of mathematical analysis and perhaps also a significant philosophical theories. The discussion of management accounting research in a different way from other branches of social science that is associated with it, and now, after several years of theorizing of the restoration of the research on management accounting practices between technical and practical it is necessary to essential.Also, the gap between theory [as a way of learning and applying accounting policies in practicemanagement will be discussed. Capelin and colleagues (Cable et al., 2009) in his study on "The Future of Management Accountants Training" and the section entitled "The gap [between theory (education), and action] is still there", to describe the results of their research and have shown that deep gap between the theory of management accounting as to what is taught at the University of managerial accounting policies used in practice, there is.
Self‐Pulsation in Multisection Distributed Feedback Laser Diode with a Novel Dual Grating Structure

A self‐pulsating multisection distributed‐feedback laser diode (DFB LD) can potentially realize all‐optical clock extraction. This device generally consists of three sections, two DFB sections and one waveguide section. The most important variable in this device is detuning, which is the relative spectral position between the stop bands of two DFB sections. We fabricated a novel structure in which two gratings were located one over and one under the active layers. Each grating structure was independently defined in processing so that detuning, which is the prerequisite for self‐pulsation, could be easily controlled. Observing various self‐pulsating phenomena in these devices under several detuning conditions, we characterized the phenomena as dispersive Q‐switching, mode beating, and self‐mode‐locking.
Spatial patterns of frequency and duration for persistent near-normal climatic events in the contiguous United States

In contrast to most extreme climatic events, little is known about how often and for how long the weather or climate is within close range of normal. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the spatial patterns of persistent near-normal climatic event frequency and duration in the contiguous United States. Data examined are standardized mean monthly temperatures (TEMPZ), standardized total monthly prec~pitation (PREZ), and monthly values of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for all climatic dlvls~ons in the contiguous United States for the period 1958-1989 Nearnormal climate events are def~ned as periods of at least 3 or 6 consecutive months with index (PDSI, TEMPZ, PREZ) values wrthin + l to -1 standard deviations Isoline maps based on 6-month rninlrnum duration events show conspicuous spatial pattens for temperature and precipitation, with core areas of maximum frequency in the Great Plains for the number of consecutive months with TEMPZ within f l U and in the extreme west/southwest for the number of consecutive month with PREZ within + l a. For near-normal events defined using the PDSI, there are generally more recorded events in the eastern United States and less in the west. The average duration maps indicate a low degree of spatial variability for near-normal temperature and moisture events. Distinct patterns are found on the precipitation maps, where the average length is comparatively large in the extreme western/southwestern United States.
Solute release mechanisms from confined sediment cores in stirred benthic chambers and flume flows

Interfacial solute fluxes from sediment cores enclosed in stirred chambers were compared with solute fluxes from a reference core inserted In a flume simulating in si tu conditions with unidirectional boundary-layer flow. Utilizing Rhodamine-WT dye as conservative solute, and quantifying the hydrodynamic driving forces by hot film anemometry and a highly sensitive wet/wet d~fferential pressure transducer, the pathways of solutes in chamberand flume-confined cores are ~dentified. The critical parameter limiting confined-core flux techniques is the sediment permeability, with equivalency between experimental techniques and natural, smooth bottoms found for impermeable sediments only, where bottom stress and Schmidt number act as the controlling parameters permitting use of diffusive laws. In contrast, pressure gradients, induced by edge and sidewall effects in cores under unidirectional flow and by circular flow patterns in stirred chambers, being ineffective for impermeable sediments, generate non-negligible advective porewater flows in permeable sediments. For fine sandy sediment (4 = 2.2; permeability K = 15 Darcy, D), stirred-chamber circular flow enhanced solute release up to 6-fold over that from the reference core exposed to 2-dimensional flow, with intruding supernatant water reaching up to 8-fold deeper ~ n t o the porespace. Consequences of these advective exchange processes include release of anoxic porewater and increased oxygen uptake in permeable cores, with shifts in redox isolines affecting biological and geochemical processes in the sediment. Results suggest that chamber fluxes are both siteand device-dependent and cannot be automatically equated with In si tu fluxes.
Engenharia de tráfego robusta usando computação evolucionária para otimização de protocolos de encaminhamento

Over the past years, several solutions have emerged with the purpose of achieving efficient OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing configurations. This work intends to pursue such research aiming to devise efficient optimization mechanisms resilient to relevant changes in the network environment. Those changes may result from several factors such as, changes in the considered traffic demands, new Quality of Service constraints that should be considered, new tradeoffs between the optimization goals, network topology changes resulting from updates (or failures) in the network infrastructure, among many other possibilities. Under such circumstances, this work will devise optimization techniques inspired in the field of Evolutionary Computation to address such problems. In particular, several algorithms and configurations will be tested to achieve methods that are able to provide optimized OSPF weights configurations robust to changes in traffic demands and to link failure. In addition to methods that use multi-topology, methods that attempt to optimize OSPF weights settings for two traffic demands will be tested, as well as methods that attempt to optimize weights settings for the loadest link failure. To rapidly accomplish new (near) optimal weights, issues such as the seeding of the initial population in EAs (Evolutionary Algorithms) will be addressed. These methods and configuration options will be integrated into a user friendly application to support network administrators.
A two-stage Fisher exact test for multi-arm studies with binary outcome variables

In small sample studies with binary outcome data, use of a normal approximation for hypothesis testing can lead to substantial inflation of the type-I error-rate. Consequently, exact statistical methods are necessitated, and accordingly, much research has been conducted to facilitate this. Recently, this has included methodology for the design of two-stage multi-arm studies utilising exact binomial tests. These designs were demonstrated to carry substantial efficiency advantages over a fixed sample design, but generally suffered from strong conservatism. An alternative classical means of small sample inference with dichotomous data is Fisher's exact test. However, this method is limited to single-stage designs when there are multiple arms. Therefore, here, we propose a two-stage version of Fisher's exact test, with the potential to stop early to accept or reject null hypotheses, which is applicable to multi-arm studies. In particular, we provide precise formulae describing the requirements for achieving weak or strong control of the familywise error-rate with this design. Following this, we describe how the design parameters may be optimised to confer desirable operating characteristics. For a motivating example based on a phase II clinical trial, we demonstrate that on average our approach is less conservative than corresponding optimal designs based on exact binomial tests.
Natural zeolites filling amygdales and veins in basalts from the British Tertiary Igneous Province on the Isle of Skye, Scotland

ABSTRACT Natural zeolites filling amygdales and veins in tertiary basaltic host rocks on the Isle of Skye (NW Scotland) have been studied in some detail by transmitted light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques . The zeolites and associated minerals so identified in order of their relative time of formation from early to late were nontronite, amorphous silica phases, carbonate phases, chabazite, phillipsite, wairakite, thomsonite, analcime, natrolite and stilbite-type minerals . Zeolite formation in the Skye basalts began with low Si/Al ratio Na zeolites and a gradual increase in Ca content and Si/Al ratio, ending up as Ca zeolites . They were probably formed as a consequence of late-stage hydrothermal activity, although, locally, contact metamorphism may control the process of zeolite formation RESUMEN Las zeolitas naturales como relleno en amigdalas y venas que ocurren en rocas basalticas Terciarias de la Isla de Skye (NW Escocia) han sido estudiadas en detalle por tecnicas de microscopia de luz transmitida, microscopia electronica de barrido y difraccion de rayos X. Las zeolitas y los minerales asociados identificados, en orden de su tiempo relativo de formacion, son nontronita, fases de silice amorfa, carbonatos, chabazita, filipsita, wairakita, thomsonita, analcima, natrolita y minerales tipo estilbita. La formacion de zeolitas en los basaltos de Skye comenzo con una zeolita rica en Na de baja relacion Si/Al y con el aumento gradual en el contenido de Ca y Si/Al, termino con una zeolita rica en Ca Estas probablemente se formaron como consecuencia de una actividad hidrotermal tardia, aunque localmente un metamorfismo de contacto pudo controlar el proceso de formacion de las zeolitas
Predicting Functional Outcome One Year After Traumatic Brain Injury With CT and MRI Findings

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative and combined impact of computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on functional outcome one year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: This study was a prospective, population-based study of 87 patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤ 12 who were injured in 2005 - 2007 and hospitalized at Trauma Referral Centre in Eastern Norway. CT performed within 24 h post-injury was classified by Marshall classification scale. MRI performed one year post-injury was classified based on the presence or absence of diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs). The Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) was used as an outcome measure at the one-year follow-up. The predictions models were adjusted for clinical variables known to affect functional outcome. Results: Using CT, s mall lesions (Marshall group 2) were observed in 37 (42%) patients. Signs of increased intracranial pressure (Marshall groups 3 - 4) were present in 33 (38%) patients. Using MRI, DAI lesions were found in 70% of patients. In the linear regression analysis that explored relative impact of CT, CT was a significant predictor of GOSE (p = 0.08). Conclusions: The relative impact of CT findings of intracranial lesions in the acute settings and one-year MRI findings of DAI on functional outcome underscored the importance of using neuroimaging techniques when predicting functional outcomes after TBI. The better predictive value of MRI suggest that the detailed information about pathological brain lesions shown on late MR may help clinicians to administer more appropriate rehabilitation treatments to patients who are predicted to have a worse outcome at the one-year follow-up. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/jnr133w
Investigation of biological interactions of chitosan-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite with bone tissue in sheep]

Fracture management poses a great challenge to large animal practitioners. Osteosynthesis alone is often insufficient to provide satisfactory outcomes in large animals; therefore, several research efforts have been made to investigate and develop bone substitutes capable of promoting bone regeneration. Chitosan-collagenhydroxyapatite composites constitute a promising alternative given their similar composition to bone. Six Santa Inês ewes were submitted to the creation of experimental 7mm wide unicortical defects on the dorsomedial aspect of the proximal III/IV metacarpal bone diaphysis. Limbs were randomly selected for treatment with chitosan-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite or to serve as untreated controls. Biopsy fragments were collected from the bone/new bone or the bone/biomaterial interface (control and treated defects respectively) within 60 days of surgery; composite biocompatibility was assessed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histomorphometric analysis under light microscopy revealed greater percentage of new bone tissue in control compared to treated defects (80% and 63.5% respectively; P<0.05). No scar tissue formation, foreign body or chronic inflammatory reactions were observed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed invasion of the composite by new bone tissue. The chitosan-collagen-hydroxyapatite composite studied is biocompatible with bone and shows osteoconductive properties in sheep.
Food crops face rising temperatures: An overview of responses, adaptive mechanisms, and approaches to improve heat tolerance

Abstract The rising temperatures are resulting in heat stress for various agricultural crops to limit their growth, metabolism, and leading to significant loss of yield potential worldwide. Heat stress adversely affects normal plant growth and development depending on the sensitivity of each crop species. Each crop species has its own range of temperature maxima and minima at different developmental stages beyond which all these processes get inhibited. The reproductive stage is on the whole more sensitive to heat stress, resulting in impaired fertilization to cause abortion of flowers. During seed filling, heat stress retards seed growth by affecting all the biochemical events to reduce seed size. Unfavorable temperature may significantly affect photosynthesis, respiration, water balance, and membrane stability of leaves. To combat heat stress, plants acquire various defense mechanisms for their survival such as maintaining membrane stability, and scavenging reactive oxygen species by generating antioxidants and stress proteins. Thermo-tolerance can be improved by the accumulation of various compounds of low molecular mass known as thermo-protectants as well as phyto-hormones. Exogenous application of these molecules has benefited plants growing under heat stress. Alternatively, transgenic plants over-expressing the enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of these molecules may be raised to increase their endogenous levels to improve heat tolerance. In recent times, various transgenics have been developed with improved thermo-tolerance having potential benefits for inducing heat tolerance in food crops. Updated information about of the effects of heat stress on various food crops and their responses as well as adaptive mechanisms is reviewed here.
Exploration of PM2.5 sources on the regional scale in the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 modeling

Abstract. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China, which has a population of more than 58 million people, is one of the largest agglomerations of cities in the world and had severe PM2.5 pollution at the beginning of this century. Due to the implementation of strong pollution control in recent decades, PM2.5 in the PRD has continuously decreased to relatively lower levels in China. To comprehensively understand the current PM2.5 sources in the PRD to support future air pollution control strategies in similar regions, we performed regional-scale PM2.5 field observations coupled with a state-of-the-art source apportionment model at six sites in four seasons in 2015. The regional annual average PM2.5 concentration based on the 4-month sampling was determined to be 37 µg m−3, which is still more than 3 times the WHO standard, with organic matter (36.9 %) and SO42- (23.6 %) as the most abundant species. A novel multilinear engine (ME-2) model was first applied to a comprehensive PM2.5 chemical dataset to perform source apportionment with predetermined constraints, producing more environmentally meaningful results compared to those obtained using traditional positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. The regional annual average PM2.5 source structure in the PRD was retrieved to be secondary sulfate (21 %), vehicle emissions (14 %), industrial emissions (13 %), secondary nitrate (11 %), biomass burning (11 %), secondary organic aerosol (SOA, 7 %), coal burning (6 %), fugitive dust (5 %), ship emissions (3 %) and aged sea salt (2 %). Analyzing the spatial distribution of PM2.5 sources under different weather conditions clearly identified the central PRD area as the key emission area for SO2, NOx, coal burning, biomass burning, industrial emissions and vehicle emissions. It was further estimated that under the polluted northerly air flow in winter, local emissions in the central PRD area accounted for approximately 45 % of the total PM2.5, with secondary nitrate and biomass burning being most abundant; in contrast, the regional transport from outside the PRD accounted for more than half of PM2.5, with secondary sulfate representing the most abundant transported species.
Active faulting in apparently stable peninsular India: Rift inversion and a Holocene‐age great earthquake on the Tapti Fault

We present observations of active faulting within peninsular India, far from the surrounding plate boundaries. Offset alluvial fan surfaces indicate one or more magnitude 7.6–8.4 thrust‐faulting earthquakes on the Tapti Fault (Maharashtra, western India) during the Holocene. The high ratio of fault displacement to length on the alluvial fan offsets implies high stress‐drop faulting, as has been observed elsewhere in the peninsula. The along‐strike extent of the fan offsets is similar to the thickness of the seismogenic layer, suggesting a roughly equidimensional fault rupture. The subsiding footwall of the fault is likely to have been responsible for altering the continental‐scale drainage pattern in central India and creating the large west flowing catchment of the Tapti river. A preexisting sedimentary basin in the uplifting hanging wall implies that the Tapti Fault was active as a normal fault during the Mesozoic and has been reactivated as a thrust, highlighting the role of preexisting structures in determining the rheology and deformation of the lithosphere. The slip sense of faults and earthquakes in India suggests that deformation south of the Ganges foreland basin is driven by the compressive force transmitted between India and the Tibetan Plateau. The along‐strike continuation of faulting to the east of the Holocene ruptures we have studied represents a significant seismic hazard in central India.
An exonic splicing silencer in the testes-specific DNA ligase III β exon

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing of two terminal exons (α and β) regulates the expression of the human DNA ligase III gene. In most tissues, the α exon is expressed. In testes and during spermatogenesis, the β exon is used instead. The α exon encodes the interaction domain with a scaffold DNA repair protein, XRCC1, while the β exon-encoded C-terminal does not. Sequence elements regulating the alternative splicing pattern were mapped by in vitro splicing assays in HeLa nuclear extracts. Deletion of a region beginning in the β exon and extending into the downstream intron derepressed splicing to the β exon. Two silencing elements were found within this 101 nt region: a 16 nt exonic splicing silencer immediately upstream of the β exon polyadenylation signal and a 45 nt intronic splicing silencer. The exonic splicing silencer inhibited splicing, even when the polyadenylation signal was deleted or replaced by a 5′ splice site. This element also enhanced polyadenylation under conditions unfavourable to splicing. The splicing silencer partially inhibited assembly of spliceosomal complexes and functioned in an adenoviral pre-mRNA context. Silencing of splicing by the element was associated with cross-linking of a 37 kDa protein to the RNA substrate. The element exerts opposite functions in splicing and polyadenylation.
Metaphor as a potent means in realization of tactic of insult (on the basis of English political discourse)

У статті розглядається метафора як функціональна одиниця політичного дискурсу, за допомогою якої вдало реалізується тактика образи. З’ясовано, що когнітивна метафора, виступаючи в ролі інструмента усвідомлення, моделювання та оцінки політичних процесів, активно використовується політичними діячами і, безпосередньо, президентом США Бараком Обамою задля впливу на асоціативне мислення реципієнта та актуалізації тактики вербальної образи. Тактика вербальної образи націлена на завдання шкоди репутації політика і вирішальним чином впливає на ставлення суспільства до нього. (The article deals with the study of a metaphor ‒ a functional element of a political discourse, which is helpful in successful implementation of tactic of insult. It was found out that a cognitive metaphor as an instrument of understanding, modelling and estimating of any political event is widely used by politicians and by Barack Obama in particular, to influence a recipient’s associative thinking. Tactic of insult is aimed at destroying a politician’s image and it plays a crucial role in forming public attitude to that person.)