Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis of Coronary Blood Flow: The Role of Asynchronous Pacing and Arrhythmias

In this work we present a one-dimensional (1D) mathematical model of the coronary circulation and use it to study the effects of arrhythmias on coronary blood flow (CBF). Hydrodynamical models are rarely used to study arrhythmias’ effects on CBF. Our model accounts for action potential duration, which updates the length of systole depending on the heart rate. It also includes dependency of stroke volume on heart rate, which is based on clinical data. We apply the new methodology to the computational evaluation of CBF during interventricular asynchrony due to cardiac pacing and some types of arrhythmias including tachycardia, bradycardia, long QT syndrome and premature ventricular contraction (bigeminy, trigeminy, quadrigeminy). We find that CBF can be significantly affected by arrhythmias. CBF at rest (60 bpm) is 26% lower in LCA and 22% lower in RCA for long QT syndrome. During bigeminy, trigeminy and quadrigeminy, respectively, CBF decreases by 28%, 19% and 14% with respect to a healthy case.
An analysis of the results of literacy assessments conducted in South African primary schools

Background: South African primary school learners have participated in several national and international literacy (reading and writing) studies that measure learners’ achievement in different grades and at different intervals. Numerous scholars have analysed the results of these assessments. We extended their analyses by investigating the grade coverage and the aspects of literacy that were included in these assessments, as well as whether the learners’ home language impacts their results.Aim: The authors aim to determine how reliable the results of these assessments are in improving and informing policies relating to literacy teaching in primary schools and to provide recommendations to improve the administration of literacy assessments.Method: Literature on various national and international literacy studies that were conducted in South African primary schools from 2000 to 2016 was identified and analysed according to grade, province, languages in which the assessments were conducted, aspects of literacy that were included in the assessments and the accuracy of the results.Results: The analysis provides evidence that suggests that most literacy assessments target learners in the Intermediate Phase (Grades 4–6) and are not available in all 11 South African official languages. Presently, there are no large-scale literacy assessments for Foundation Phase (Grades 1–3) learners. Moreover, the results of these assessments do not provide us with reliable information about literacy levels in the country because there are vast discrepancies in assessment scores.Conclusion: This article highlights the importance of obtaining reliable information in determining literacy levels in the country and in informing decisions regarding literacy-related policies.
Thermodynamics of a gas of pedestrians: theory and experiment

In this paper, we perform an experiment on the interaction of pedestrians in a chaotic environment and investigate the possibility to study its results using a thermodynamic model. In contrast to simple single-file unidirectional scenarios, where only distance and time are relevant to adjust walking speed, bidirectional cases are much more complex since pedestrians can perform evading manoeuvres to avoid collisions. To better understand collision avoidance in a bidimensional environment we designed a set of experiments where people need to move chaotically for the whole time. Trajectories of moving pedestrians were obtained by tracking their head position, but a method to obtain body orientation failed, thus limiting reliable information on average quantities, i.e. average density and speed. By analysing those data, we showed that equations for thermodynamic processes can be used to describe pedestrian dynamics from medium densities or a state where interaction distances are very small. To allow combining low density cognitive aspects of collision avoidance with semi-random motion at medium densities we also developed a microscopic simulation model inspired by physics. Results show that, after calibrations, the simulation model allows to reproduce the fundamental diagram of different studies despite the very simple rules implemented. This shows that describing the statistical nature of specific crowds requires a relatively small set of rules and research should focus on cognitive/psychological aspects which are essential for understanding crowds of people.
Visual Secret Sharing Scheme for Digital Image Watermarking

Traditional visual secret sharing (VSS) strategies hide secret images in shares that are either imprinted on transparencies or are encoded and put away in a digital form. The shares can appear as noise-like pixels or as significant pictures; but it will arouse suspicion and increase interception risk during transmission of the shares. Subsequently, VSS schema experience from a transmission risk problem for the secret itself and for the members who are associated with the VSS conspire. To address this issue, proposed a advanced technique for advanced digital watermarking using a texture and also a natural-image-based VSS scheme (VSS scheme) that shares secret images via various carrier media to protect the secret and the participants during the transmission phase. Devise the texture synthesis process into digital image to hide secret messages. In comparison to using an existing cover image to hide messages, our algorithm hides the source texture image and embeds secret messages through the process of watermarking. The regular offers can be photographs or hand-painted pictures in computerized structure or in printed structure. We likewise propose potential approaches to conceal the key to diminish the transmission chance issue for the offer. Test results demonstrate that the proposed approach is an amazing answer for taking care of the transmission chance issue for the VSS technique.
Structural and Dynamical Properties of Potassium Dodecahydro-monocarba-closo-dodecaborate: KCB11H12

MCB11H12 (M: Li, Na) dodecahydro-monocarba-closo-dodecaborate salt compounds are known to have stellar superionic Li+ and Na+ conductivities in their high-temperature disordered phases, making them potentially appealing electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries. Nonetheless, it is of keen interest to search for other related materials with similar conductivities while at the same time exhibiting even lower (more device-relevant) disordering temperatures, a key challenge for this class of materials. With this in mind, the unknown structural and dynamical properties of the heavier KCB11H12 congener were investigated in detail by X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, neutron vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, quasielastic neutron scattering, and AC impedance measurements. This salt indeed undergoes an entropy-driven, reversible, order-disorder transformation and with a lower onset temperature (348 K upon heating and 340 K upon cooling) in comparison to the lighter LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12 analogues. The K+ cations in both the low-T ordered monoclinic (P2(1)/c) and high-T disordered cubic (Fm (3) over barm) structures occupy octahedral interstices formed by CB11H12- anions. In the low-T structure, the anions orient themselves so as to avoid close proximity between their highly electropositive C-H vertices and the neighboring K+ cations. In the high-T structure, the anions are orientationally disordered, although to best avoid the K+ cations, the anions likely orient themselves so that their C-H axes are aligned in one of eight possible directions along the body diagonals of the cubic unit cell. Across the transition, anion reorientational jump rates change from 6.2 x 10(6) s(-1) in the low-T phase (332 K) to 2.6 x 10(10) s(-1) in the high-T phase (341 K). In tandem, K+ conductivity increases by about 30-fold across the transition, yielding a high-T phase value of 3.2 x 10(-4 )S cm(-1 )at 361 K. However, this is still about 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than that observed for LiCB(11)H(12 )and NaCB11H12, suggesting that the relatively larger K+ cation is much more sterically hindered than Li+ and Na+ from diffusing through the anion lattice via the network of smaller interstitial sites.
State of Entrepreneurship Attitude and Intention among Malaysian Youngsters

Entrepreneurship among the youngsters in Malaysia is expected to spice-up the existing socio-economic development momentum. Many initiatives have been introduced to spur the entrepreneurship spirit among the youngsters. This research focuses on the attitude and intention of the youngsters in becoming entrepreneurs. A cross-sectional research was conducted to determine the attitude and intention of the youngsters to be an entrepreneur using a survey questionnaire. Descriptive and correlation analyses were conducted using 425 data that were collected from students who have taken the entrepreneurship course at the Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. It is found that the youngsters have a positive attitude and intention towards entrepreneurship. Further findings also highlight that the positive attitude influences the positive intention for the youngsters to venture into entrepreneurship. Shaping the attitude and intention through the basic entrepreneurship knowledge that can be learned from formal education is expected to become an entrepreneurial engine to drive the economic development for the nation.
Antidiabetic Potential and Identification of Phytochemicals from Tinospora cordifolia

Objective: Tinospora cordifolia an ayurvedic herb has different classes of phytochemicals with medicinal significance in diabetes management. The hypothesis and possible mode of action of these phytochemicals used as antidiabetic drug has been already reported. So, we focused on identification of the T. cordifolia phytochemicals as well as the compounds responsible for antidiabetic activities in context of α-amylase inhibition. Methods: Total phenol estimation and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of T. cordifolia extracts and assay of α-amylase inhibition was done. Positively responding extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). Obtained LCMS data was processed using online databases like MassBank, ChemSpider and Phenol Explorer for characterization of compounds. Results: Total Phenolic content of T. cordifolia extracts showed significant variations in their concentrations with highest phenolic content in ethanol extract, while highest α-amylase inhibition was showed by ethyl acetate extract. Extracts with more than 40% inhibitory activity were subjected to LCMS; analyzed by MassBank, ChemSpider resource and phenol explorer database for compound identification. Identified compounds were searched in the literature for reported antidiabetic activity and we found seven; Cyanidin 3-O-sambubiosyl 5-O-glucoside, Hesperetin 7-Rhamnoglucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-galactopyranoside, Blumenol C malonylglycosyl galacturonide [M+H]+, Verbascoside, Quercetin-3-glucuronide, and Catechin/Epicatechin-(epi) gallocatechin dimer. Conclusion: The phytochemical profiling of T. cordifolia presented in this study revealed a diverse range of bioactive phenolics. Also it can be predicted that the potent antidiabetic activity of T. cordifolia is due to presence of compounds inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.
Implementation and Impact of Internal Control in Preventing Fraud in The Public Sector

Fraud is a growing problem and can cause extraordinary threats to the organization. Failure to prevent and detect fraud has serious consequences for the organization. This study discusses how internal control in the public sector can prevent fraud. To achieve these goals, researchers use a literature study of various publications related to internal control in the public sector. The results showed that the weaknesses of internal control have been identified to cause fraud. Fraud will never be prevented completely, so that public sector organizations can implement internal controls to prevent and detect fraud. Management in the public sector must be able to create awareness and understanding of anti-fraud culture to all elements in the organization as an effort to
Diurnal variations in the nitrogen and oxygen isotope composition of aerosol nitrate at a rural site

Nitric acid (HNO3) is an end product of atmospheric NOx processing. Even though its lifetime is about one week, diurnal cycles have been reported for polluted sites on various occasions, indicating that the lifetime is short enough to reflect variations in the relative importance of atmospheric HNO3 formation pathways. The cause of the diurnal cycles remain elusive. The diurnal variation could be a rectifier effect because of the shoaling of the nocturnal boundary layer that leads to a larger relative contribution of dry deposition to HNO3 loss. During the day, HNO3 levels would then be replenished from the free troposphere above. Alternatively, the increase of relative humidity during night-time may enhance absorption of HNO3 to particles.
Predicting the Premorbid Shape of a Diseased Mandible

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) for reconstructions of advanced mandibular neoplasms that have distorted the contour of the mandible is challenging, as the premorbid shape of the mandible is unknown. We introduce a novel modeling technique, based on a statistical shape model (SSM), that has learned the shape of a normal mandible from a set of 84 mandibles, such that given a diseased mandible, the model can determine its premorbid shape.
Peat Soil Improvement Method Using Woven Bamboo and Cerucuk

Most of the land in South Sumatera is the problematic soil, one of that is peat. Peat has low soil bearing capacity, and it becomes a problem when construction is built. Before the installation process, it is necessary to handle that soil. Soil improvement that can be done on peat to increase the bearing capacity value is the reinforcement method or physical stabilization. The results of research on woven bamboo and cerucuk are used as reinforcement material, which is expected to be an alternative to improve soil bearing capacity. The research methodology used was on the scale of the laboratory and analyzed by comparing the soil bearing capacity without reinforcement in bearing capacity ratio (BCR). The maximum bearing capacity with cerucuk reinforcement and without woven bamboo is 39.33 kPa with variations of the two outer rods of the left and right sides from 750 angle toward the foundation plane. However, using the 3 layers of reinforcement woven bamboo that is combined with cerucuk , which has diameter 1,5 cm and length 60 cm generates the highest soil bearing capacity value. The maximum of bearing capacity is 58 kPa. The BCR is 10,88 or in percentage is 988,2%, or 10 times greater than bearing capacity without reinforcement. So, it can be inferred that woven bamboo and cerucuk are used as an alternative to improve bearing capacity on peat soil.
Patients’ perspectives on medication for inflammatory bowel disease: a mixed-method systematic review

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong chronic disease that frequently requires long-term medical treatment to maintain remission. Patient perspectives on IBD medication are important to understand as nonadherence to IBD medication is common. We aim to synthesize the evidence about patients’ perspectives on medication for IBD. A mixed-method systematic review was conducted on Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL. The convergent integrated approach to synthesis and integration of qualitative and quantitative findings was used for data analysis. Twenty-five articles from 20 countries were included in this review (20 quantitative, 3 qualitative, and 2 mixed-method studies). Patients have identified a lack of knowledge in the areas of efficacy, side effects, and characteristics of medications as key elements. Some negative views on IBD medication may also be present (e.g. the high number of pills and potential side effects). Lack of knowledge about medication for IBD was identified as a common issue for patients. Health services delivery for IBD should take into consideration these patients’ perspectives. A focus on improving patient education in these areas could help empower patients and alleviate doubts resulting in better disease management and improved healthcare outcomes.
THE THERMO-HYGROMETRIC INDEX ON THE TERRITORY OF THE SOUTHERN DOBROGEA PLATEAU – A COMPONENT OF THE BALNEOCLIMATERIC TREATMENT

The appearance of the analysis models, as a physical or mathematic form, has allowed simplifying the graphic representation of the processes specific to bioclimatology. Thus, the bioclimatic index becomes a useful and practical work tool in the scientific research, avoiding a multiple range of possible evaluations of the positive or negative potential that the climate of a region has on the human health. The proposed study analyzes the calculated values of the thermo-hygrometric index, for the period between the years 1981-2010. The database was improved with the meteorological data obtained from the five weather stations located in the Southern part of the Dobrogea Plateau. The mathematic formula launched by Kyle W.J. is based on the measured values of the air temperature (oC) and relative air humidity (%). The obtained results allow to highlight both the specific bioclimatic areas and the way in which the tourism in the area can be affected. The bioclimatic extension and intensity is rendered by a suggestive and synthetic graphic expression. The maps showing the spatial distribution of the index were obtained by combining the isotherm method with the kriging interpolation specific to the ArcMap.
The Effect of Different Doses of Tank-mixed Herbicides on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Soybean

Herbicide plays the main role in guaranteeing the quantity and quality of food. Soybean reactive oxygen species scavenging system eliminates the herbicides’ side effects on the plant by activating antioxidant enzymes, which affects the yield. So, we investigated this procedure to reveal the effect of herbicides on food production.MethodsExperiments were carried out in two locations of Alborz province in 2014 during the growing seasons. Seven different tank-mixed herbicides were produced by mixing one triple mixture of imazethapyr+bentazon+sethoxydim active ingredient, three double mixture of imazethapyr+bentazon, imazethapyr+sethoxydim, and bentazon+sethoxydim, as well as single usage of imazethapyr, bentazon, and sethoxydim. Reduced herbicide rates were 100, 60, and 30% of the recommended dosage inducing soybean plots through leaf expanding phase.ResultsBoth herbicides and their reduced rates changed soybean yields through antioxidant enzymes’ activity. Maximum soybean yield was registered at tank-mixed imazethapyr+bentazom+ sethoxydim which were induced at 33, 320, and 125 g active ingredient/hectare, respectively. The minimum activity of enzymes (superoxide dismutase 3.9 international unit) was also demonstrated in this research. Our data showed that when the herbicide rate was reduced from 100% to 30%, as a result, the label recommended soybean yield was reduced by just 17%, while superoxide dismutase activity was reduced too. The minimum yield was 1.2 ton/hectare of sethoxydim with 225 g active ingredient/hectare.ConclusionAntioxidant enzymes were promoted to maximum activity by increasing the herbicide rate for scavenging the herbicide side effects. Tank-mixed herbicides, with reduced herbicide rates can eliminate poison residue in the environment and food chain while increasing weed control.
Impact of climate change on inter‐annual variation in tea plant output in Zhejiang, China

Recent studies have shown that climate change is having severe impacts on production of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze], an important woody cash crop. Quantitative production figures are necessary to provide tea stakeholders and policy makers with evidence to justify immediate action. We used data from Zhejiang Province, China, and the economic output model of four tea plant cultivars (Jiaming 1, Longjing 43, Baiye 1, and Jiukeng) in spring and the yield output model of one tea plant cultivar (Jiukeng) in summer and autumn, and analyzed the impact of climate change on tea production from 1985 to 2018. The results showed that the effects of high temperature and drought on tea production have increased significantly. Temperature was the main factor effecting the economic output of tea plants in spring. Climate change has resulted in the start date of tea buds and leaves plucking period to have become significantly earlier in spring. The risk of frost damage and economic loss, caused by frost, decreased significantly in the period of spring tea production. Among the five bud and leaf grades, the length of plucking periods for superfine, Grades 1 and 2 decreased significantly. High temperatures and drought were the main factors impacting tea production in summer and autumn, and effected the economic output of spring tea in the following year. The economic losses caused by daytime rainfall decreased significantly in spring tea production. This study has provided essential evidence that climate change has already had a significant impact on tea plant output.
Ion mobility & mass spectrometric studies of macromolecules required for organism viability

Studies of gas phase protein complexes using mass spectrometry and ion-mobility mass spectrometry are becoming increasingly commonplace in the field of structural biology. These studies apply the combined speed, mass sensitivity and structural resolution of a single instrumental method, that of mass spectrometry. Work presented here has used a range of gas, and solution phase methods. These methods have made it possible to investigate the oligomers and structural conformations of three proteins required, within their respective organisms, to ensure viability. Mutations of the human serine protease inhibitor, α1-antitrypsin, are known to promote polymerogenic intermediates under biologically relevant conditions. Using ion-mobility mass spectrometry we have characterised the structure and stability of the K154N slow polymerisation mutant. The results obtained have shown that this mutant populates an increased stability structural intermediate upon incubation at biologically relevant temperatures. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sgt1 dimers mediate binding between Hsp90 and Skp1, to initiate chromosome separation. Mutations of the Sgt1 dimerization domain are known to inhibit Sgt1: Skp1 binding, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M interface. Work here has shown that this dimer is stabilised by an Ascomycota specific structural loop within the dimerisation domain, with potential contributions from other domains. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we have shown that Sgt1 dimers do not represent the structural minimum for Skp1 binding. The Escherichia coli DNA binding protein, CbpA, promotes chromosome compaction that arrests the cell cycle during the stationary phase, and phosphate starvation conditions, producing structural aggregates exceeding 60 nm. The organisation of both CbpA and DNA within these aggregates remains currently unresolved therefore, mass spectrometry combined with ion-mobility mass spectrometry has been applied to resolve these interactions. Although unsuccessful in observing gas phase CbpA-DNA oligomers using a variety of conditions and methods, investigations have produced ion-mobility constraints for computational modelling of the biologically relevant CbpA dimer.