Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘We (don’t) know how you feel’ – a comparative study of automated vs. manual analysis of social media conversations

Abstract The ever-growing volume of brand-related conversations on social media platforms has captivated the attention of academics and practitioners, as the analysis of those conversations promises to offer unparalleled insight into consumers’ emotions. This article takes a step back from the hype, and investigates the vulnerabilities related to the analysis of social media data concerning consumers’ sentiment. A review of the literature indicates that the form, focus, source and context of the communication may negatively impact on the analyst’s ability to identify sentiment polarity and emotional state. Likewise, the selection of analytical tool, the creation of codes, and the classification of the data, adversely affect the researcher’s ability to accurately assess the sentiment expressed in a social media conversation. Our study of Twitter conversations about coffee shows low levels of agreement between manual and automated analysis, which is of grave concern given the popularity of the latter in consumer research.
Instance Digests in HTTP

HTTP/1.1 defines a Content-MD5 header that allows a server to include a digest of the response body. However, this is specifically defined to cover the body of the actual message, not the contents of the full file (which might be quite different, if the response is a Content- Range, or uses a delta encoding). Also, the Content-MD5 is limited to one specific digest algorithm; other algorithms, such as SHA-1 (Secure Hash Standard), may be more appropriate in some circumstances. Finally, HTTP/1.1 provides no explicit mechanism by which a client may request a digest. This document proposes HTTP extensions that solve these problems.
A Random Beamforming Technique for Broadcast Channels in Multiple Antenna Systems

A random beamforming technique is proposed for broadcast channels in multiple antenna systems. In the proposed scheme, a random weight vector, corresponding to a random pattern, is imposed on each communication resource in timefrequency domain, with a resulting average of the random patterns on all resources to be isotropic. We proved that, the capacity of such a system is upper bounded by that of a single antenna system, on the premise of same power budget. The design criteria and detailed design of random patten sequence are presented. We propose a basic random beamforming and Alamouti enhanced scheme, and a structure of the transmitter and receiver. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified by numerical simulation. It is also observed that it is robust to calibration errors and failures of radio frequency chains.
‘We are despised in the hospitals’: sex workers' experiences of accessing health care in four African countries

Sex workers in east and southern Africa are exposed to multiple occupational health and safety risks. Detailed understanding of barriers to accessing care would optimise design of improved services for this population. In this study, trained sex workers conducted 55 in-depth interviews and 12 focus group discussions with 106 female, 26 male and 4 transgender sex workers across 6 urban sites in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Uganda and South Africa. Data were analysed thematically, following an interpretive framework. Participants cited numerous unmet health needs, including diagnosis and treatment for sexually transmitted infections and insufficient access to condoms and lubricant. Denial of treatment for injuries following physical assault or rape and general hostility from public-sector providers was common. Resources permitting, many sex workers attended private services, citing higher quality and respect for dignity and confidentiality. Sex workers in southern Africa accessed specialised sex worker clinics, reporting mostly positive experiences. Across sites, participants called for additional targeted services, but also sensitisation and training of public-sector providers. Criminalisation of sex workers and associated stigmatisation, particularly of transgender and male sex workers, hinder HIV-prevention efforts and render access to mainstream healthcare precarious. Alongside law reform, sex worker-led peer outreach work should be strengthened and calls by sex workers for additional targeted services heeded.
A Statistical Learning Approach to Personalization in Revenue Management

We consider a logit model-based framework for modeling joint pricing and assortment decisions that take into account customer features. This model provides a significant advantage when one has insufficient data for any one customer and wishes to generalize learning about one customer’s preferences to the population. Under this model, we study the statistical learning task of model fitting from a static store of precollected customer data. This setting, in contrast to the popular learning and earning paradigm, represents the situation many business teams encounter in which their data collection abilities have outstripped their data analysis capabilities. In this learning setting, we establish finite-sample convergence guarantees on the model parameters. The parameter convergence guarantees are then extended to out-of-sample performance guarantees in terms of revenue, in the form of a high-probability bound on the gap between the expected revenue of the best action taken under the estimated parameters and the revenue generated by a decision maker with full knowledge of the choice model. We further discuss practical implications of these bounds. We demonstrate the personalization approach using ticket purchase data from an airline carrier. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, special issue on data-driven prescriptive analytics
Modeling earthquake impact on urban lifeline systems: Advances and integration in loss estimation

This research aims to develop and demonstrate an advanced, integrated earthquake loss estimation methodology for urban lifeline systems. The methodology, which evaluates direct and indirect economic losses from lifeline failures, provides a means for assessing both expected losses from future earthquakes and potential loss reduction from mitigation alternatives. This effort builds on and coordinates multidisciplinary contributions from lifeline earthquake engineering, geography, sociology, and economics. An application is demonstrated for the Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division (MLGW) water delivery system.
A 15 year path of usability development in Europe

This paper presents, in summary form, the development and dissemination of usability ideas and methods in Europe as experienced via a series of European Commission supported projects. In briefly presenting the projects' achievements and outstanding issues, it mirrors some of the history of usability in a wider context. Thus it is intended to inform delegates, especially those from outside Europe, of some of the usability research and development activities that have taken place while at the same time raising questions that are still live.
Structure optimization for deep multimodal fusion networks using graph-induced kernels

A popular testbed for deep learning has been multimodal recognition of human activity or gesture involving diverse inputs such as video, audio, skeletal pose and depth images. Deep learning architectures have excelled on such problems due to their ability to combine modality representations at different levels of nonlinear feature extraction. However, designing an optimal architecture in which to fuse such learned representations has largely been a non-trivial human engineering effort. We treat fusion structure optimization as a hyper-parameter search and cast it as a discrete optimization problem under the Bayesian optimization framework. We propose a novel graph-induced kernel to compute structural similarities in the search space of tree-structured multimodal architectures and demonstrate its effectiveness using two challenging multimodal human activity recognition datasets.
Histocompatibility and Immunologic Competence in Renal Homotransplantation

Cultures of peripheral lymphocytes may be used to assay histocompatibility. The lymphocytes from potential kidney recipients are cultured with those from potential donors and the percentage of large cells and mitoses stimulated is determined. The immunologic competence of cultured lymphocytes from recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy is evaluated by determining their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin. Suppression of response appears to be correlated with the absence of clinical signs of graft rejection.
Hermes: assessment and creation of effective test corpora

An integral part of developing a new analysis is to validate the correctness of its implementation and to demonstrate its usefulness when applied to real-world code. As a foundation for addressing both challenges developers typically use custom or well-established collections of Java projects. The hope is that the collected projects are representative for the analysis’ target domain and therefore ensure a sound evaluation. But, without proper means to understand how and to which degree the features relevant to an analysis are found in the projects, the evaluation necessarily remains inconclusive. Additionally, it is likely that the collection contains many projects which are – w.r. t. the developed analysis – basically identical and therefore do not help the overall evaluation/testing of the analysis, but still cost evaluation time. To overcome these limitations we propose Hermes, a framework that enables the systematic assessment of given corpora and the creation of new corpora of Java projects. To show the usefulness of Hermes, we used it to comprehend the nature of the projects belonging to the Qualitas Corpus (QC) and then used it to compute a minimal subset of all QC projects useful for generic data- and control-flow analyses. This subset enables effective and efficient integration test suites.
Epidemiology and patterns of facial fractures due to road traffic accidents in Taiwan: A 15-year retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: The facial region is a commonly fractured site, but the etiology varies widely by country and geographic region. To date, there are no population-based studies of facial fractures in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with facial fracture and registered in the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1997 and 2011. The epidemiological characteristics of this cohort were analyzed, including the etiology, fracture site, associated injuries, and sex and age distributions. Results: A total of 6,013 cases were identified that involved facial fractures. Most patients were male (69.8%), aged 18–29 years (35.8%), and had fractures caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs; 55.2%), particularly motorcycle accidents (31.5%). Falls increased in frequency with advancing age, reaching 23.9% among the elderly (age > 65 years). The most common sites of involvement were the malar and maxillary bones (54.0%), but nasal bone fractures were more common among those younger than 18 years. Conclusion: Most facial injuries in Taiwan occur in young males and typically result from RTAs, particularly involving motorcycles. However, with increasing age, there is an increase in the proportion of facial injuries due to falls.
Passive bipedal running

Human-like running is a natural dynamic mode of a simple mechanical biped. Such a machine consists of two telescoping legs with linear springs, connected by a hip joint with a torsional spring. It will run passively; no pattern of forcing is required to generate the gait. With careful design its energy consumption can approach zero, but in any case the passive cycle can be ‘pumped' by various means to sustain running over a range of speeds and slopes. Passive running can also be realized over a wide range of mechanical design parameters. Some parameter sets produce cycles that are inherently stable; otherwise the mode can be actively stabilized by a simple control law. Thus the passive running model offers an effective foundation for design of practical running machines, and also provides an insight into the physics of human locomotion.
Energy Balance Optimization for Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network is comprised of a large number of battery-limited sensor nodes. In a predefined period, sensor nodes get data and transmit data to BS by a fixed construction. In this paper, we introduce a scheme for selecting the construction to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network based on energy balance. Further, an optimal math model is proposed for calculating the energy cost of each node in a predefined period. At last examples show that the scheme is feasible.
The Effects of Firm Market Value on Audit Partner Tenure and Firm Profitability

This study investigates the effects audit partner tenure and firm profitability on the market value of the firm. This study extends Ohlsonâ€™s model by examining audit partner tenure, and the interaction between residual earnings per share and audit partner tenure on firm value. This issue is particularly important in light of regulations requiring audit partner rotation in the United States, Taiwan and other countries. The model is tested using large internationally listed companies in Taiwan. The findings on average do not support audit partner rotation in Taiwan.
Male and female mate choice affects offspring quality in a sex–role–reversed pipefish

Where both sexes invest substantially in offspring, both females and males should discriminate between potential partners when choosing mates. The degree of choosiness should relate to the costs of choice and to the potential benefits to be gained. We measured offspring quality from experimentally staged matings with preferred and non–preferred partners in a sex–role–reversed pipefish, Syngnathus typhle L. Here, a substantial male investment in offspring results in a lower potential reproductive rate in males than in females, and access to males limits female reproductive success rather than vice versa. Thus, males are choosier than females and females compete more intensely over mates than do males. Broods from preferred matings were superior at escaping predation, when either males or females were allowed to choose a partner. However, only ‘choosing’ females benefited in terms of faster–growing offspring. Our results have important implications for mate–choice research: here we show that even the more competitive and less choosy sex may contribute significantly to sexual selection through mate choice.
An Algebraic Theory for Regular Languages of Finite and Infinite Words

An algebraic approach to the theory of regular languages of finite and infinite words (∞-languages) is presented. It extends the algebraic theory of regular languages of finite words, which is based on finite semigroups. Their role is taken over by a structure called right binoid. A variety theorem is proved: there is a one-to-one correspondence between varieties of ∞-languages and pseudovarieties of right binoids. The class of locally threshold testable languages and several natural subclasses (such as the class of locally testable languages) as well as classes of the Borel hierarchy over the Cantor space (restricted to regular languages) are investigated as examples for varieties of ∞-languages. The corresponding pseudovarieties of right binoids are characterized and in some cases defining equations are derived. The connections with the algebraic description and classification of regular languages of infinite words in terms of finite semigroups are pointed out.
Generating expected results for automated black-box testing

In this paper we describe a technique for generating expected results for automated black-box testing. Generating expected results allows larger automated test suites to be created, moving us toward continuous product testing. Our technique uses a program's Input-Output (IO) relationships to identify unique combinations of program inputs that influence program outputs. With this information, a small set of test cases is executed and checked for correctness. Given the correctness of this set, the expected results for the larger combinatorial test set can be generated automatically. Included in the paper is an experimental study in which checking the results of 384 test cases allows us to generate expected results and fully automate nearly 600,000 test cases.
Energy, Manpower, and the Highway Trust Fund

If energy conservation were a goal of a federal budget policy maker, such conservation could be achieved by reinvesting the highway trust fund in any of several other alternative federal programs (except criminal justice), especially in railroad and mass transit construction and national health insurance (see Table 1). Total employment would increase in each alternative program examined. For example, if construction monies were shifted from highways to railroads, the energy required for construction would be reducedby about 62 percent and employment would increase by 3.2 percent. By comparing the dollar, energy, and employment requirements of a highway transportation system with such requirements for a railroad transportation system, we obtained detailed information from which we concluded the following: 1) Passenger transport by railroad was much less dollar and energy demanding and required more labor than car transport in 1963. If the dollar savings had been respent in an average way by consumers, the net impact would have been to reduce the energy savings and further increase employment. A similar conclusion was reached in a study of bus substitution for automobiles in urban areas (20). If the marginal substitution effects would have held over the whole range of change, and the dollar savings had been spent on the construction of railways, then about 3.0 billion gallons of gasoline could have been saved annually and 1.2 million new jobs created. 2) Freight transport by railroad was less expensive, in terms of dollar, energy, and labor requirements, than was truck transportation in 1963. If, under a national shift to rail freight, the dollar savings had been absorbed as personal consumption expenditures, a net increase of labor and energy would have ensued. If the dollar savings had been absorbed as a tax and respent on railroad and mass transit construction, about 0.3 billion more gallons of gasoline (energy equivalent) would have been consumed annually and 1.2 million jobs created, under a complete shift to rail. Had there been a full shift from intercity car and truck transportation to transportation by railroad with dollar savings spent on railway construction, 2.7 billion gallons of gasoline (energy equivalent) could have been saved and 2.4 million new jobs could have been created in 1963.
Associations of the pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcomes in Taiwanese women.

BACKGROUND Pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important factors in both maternal and infant outcomes. Little information is available in relation to different levels of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and body weight gain on obstetric outcomes in Taiwan. This study investigated the associations between pregnancy complications with pre-pregnant BMI and GWG, in Taiwanese women. METHODS Data were extracted from a delivery room information bank on all women delivering singleton babies in a medical center. Eight hundred and sixty pregnant women were included. The collected variables included basic information, GWG, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Pregnant women were categorized according to their pre-pregnant BMI and GWG to evaluate the impacts of pre-pregnant BMI and maternal weight gain on the risk of pregnancy complications. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, and odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS Pre-pregnancy BMI>=24 kg/m2 increased the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and preterm labor. Preeclampsia and Cesarean delivery were positively associated with high weight gains (>18 kg), whereas a low birth weight and preterm labor were strongly associated with low weight gains (<10 kg). A higher birth weight was found with a GWG of >14 kg in women who were underweight and normal weight before pregnancy. CONCLUSION An appropriate maternal BMI (18.5-24 kg/m2) at conception followed by a suitable gestational weight gain (10-14 kg) has substantial impact on the overall health of pregnant women and would lead to better obstetric management for Taiwanese women.
Diffusely Adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) Strains of Fecal Origin Rarely Express F1845 Adhesin

A total of 398 diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) strains of fecal origin were analyzed for the presence of sequences homologous to the structural subunit gene (daaE) of the F1845 fimbria. For that purpose, a DNA fragment homologous to daaE, obtained by PCR, was used as a probe in colony hybridization assays. Only two strains carried daaE and expressed F1845, suggesting that this fimbria is rare among DAEC strains.
An anti-CD 19 antibody inhibits the interaction between P-glycoprotein ( Pgp ) and CD 19 , causes Pgp to translocate out of lipid rafts , and chemosensitizes a multidrug-resistant ( MDR ) lymphoma cell line

We have previously demonstrated that an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody (MAb; HD37) inhibits the function of the Pglycoprotein (P-gp) pump in a multidrugresistant (MDR) B-lymphoma cell line, Namalwa/MDR1, and that this effect is not due to the recognition of a cross-reactive epitope on P-gp. In this study, we have used the same cell line to define the mechanisms responsible for the effect of HD37 on the P-gp pump. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we show that CD19 and P-gp are constitutively associated in cells. In the absence of treatment with anti-CD19, 40% of P-gp molecules expressed by Namalwa/MDR1 cells reside in the low-density lipid (ie, cholesterol-rich) microdomains (lipid rafts). Following treatment of the cells with HD37 and disruption of the interactions between P-gp and CD19, P-gp translocated out of lipid rafts and CD19 translocated into lipid rafts. The effect of chemosensitization on Namalwa/MDR1 cells was specific for CD19; an anti-CD22 MAb had no such effect, although the cells express CD22. These results suggest that anti-CD19 might chemosensitize P-gp cells by interfering with interactions between CD19 and P-gp, rapidly resulting in the translocation of P-gp into a compartment on the plasma membrane where it is no longer active. (Blood. 2004; 104:178-183)