Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Material for: Orbital engineering in nickelate heterostructures driven by anisotropic oxygen hybridization rather than orbital energy levels

This document provides further details and supporting measurements for the main manuscript. The experimental geometry for the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements is depicted in Fig. S1. The high quality of the LaTiO3 − LaNiO3 − 3x(LaAlO3) (LTNAO) and LaNiO3 films is demonstrated by x-ray reflectivity and surface diffraction measurements. A method for estimating crystal field parameters error bars is described. Ni L3 angular dependence, experimental and theoretical Ni L2 RIXS maps, as well as calculations using large ∆eg are used to corroborate the crystal field parameters described in the main text. Finally, the XAS spectra retrieved from the RIXS signal is compared to previous results to show that the present heterostructure also displays large orbital polarization.
Pharmacologically Distinct Intracellular Calcium Pools Regulate Tonic and Oscillatory Responses in Porcine Thoracic Duct

The present study investigated the mechanisms by which the thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619 can elicit phasic and tonic contractions in the pig thoracic duct, whereas other agonists like 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) produce tonic contractions only. Tonic contractions in response to either agonist were abolished by the l-type voltage-operated calcium channel (VOCC) inhibitor nifedipine, the store-operated calcium channel inhibitor SKF 96365, the calcium-sensitive chloride channel (ClCa) inhibitor niflumic acid, and by removal of extracellular Cl−. Superimposed phasic responses to U46619 were abolished by only nifedipine. Inhibitors of K+ channels did not prevent phasic contractions to U46619. The IP3 receptor antagonist 2-APB attenuated tonic contractions only, whereas ryanodine and removal of extracellular Na+ selectively abolished phasic contractions to U46619. Therefore, selective initiation of phasic contractions by U46619 appears to depend on intracellular Ca2+ from a ryanodine-sensitive store that causes depolarization via Na+/Ca2+ exchange, whereas tonic contractions to U46619 and 5-HT are mediated primarily by release of IP3-mobilized intracellular Ca2+ that subsequently causes ClCa opening, membrane depolarization, and Ca2+ entry via l-type VOCC.
Notice of RetractionSmall and medium financial institutions help small and micro-enterprises' financial difficulties — Based on the asymmetric information theory

Information asymmetry is the root cause of financial difficulties for small and micro-enterprises. The paper based on the asymmetric information theory, from the view of capital supply and demand, and game analysis, summarizes that the small and medium financial institutions have more advantages than large financial institutions to solve the financial difficulties for small and micro-enterprises. On this basis, it proposes measures that small and medium financial institutions can do to solve the financial problem for small and micro-financial enterprise, including the establishment of long-term relationship lending patterns and installments and so on.
Gastric Mucus Alterations Associated With Murine Helicobacter Infection

The C57BL/6 mouse has been shown to develop gastric adenocarcinoma after Helicobacter felis infection. This model was used to determine whether mucin and trefoil factor (TFF) expression after infection was altered in a similar fashion to the changes seen in the protective gastric mucus layer of the human stomach after H. pylori infection. Our results indicate that this mouse model mimics many of the changes seen after human H. pylori infection, including increased expression of muc4 and muc5b and loss of muc5ac. These alterations in mucin expression occurred as early as 4 weeks postinfection, before the development of significant mucous metaplasia or gastric dysplasia. The decrease in muc5ac expression occurred only in the body of the stomach and was not secondary to the adaptive immune response to infection, because a similar decrease in expression was seen after infection of B6.Rag-1−/− mice, which lack B and T cells. Intriguingly, the increased expression of Muc4 and Muc5b in infected C57BL/6 mice was not seen in the infected B6.Rag-1−/− mice. Because B6.Rag-1−/− mice do not develop gastric pathology after H. felis infection, these findings point to the potential role of Muc4 and Muc5b in disease progression. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc. org. Please visit this article online to view these materials. (J Histochem Cytochem 57:457–467, 2009)
Error Correcting Graph Matching: On the Influence of the Underlying Cost Function

Investigates the influence of the cost function on the optimal match between two graphs. It is shown that, for a given cost function, there are an infinite number of other cost functions that lead, for any given pair of graphs, to the same optimal error correcting matching. Furthermore, it is shown that well-known concepts from graph theory, such as graph isomorphism, subgraph isomorphism, and maximum common subgraph, are special cases of optimal error correcting graph matching under particular cost functions.
Transient expression of members of the germin-like gene family in epidermal cells of wheat confers disease resistance.

The wheat genome encodes a family of germin-like proteins that differ with respect to regulation and tissue specificity of expression of the corresponding genes. While germin exhibits oxalate oxidase (E.C. 1.2.3.4.) activity, the germin-like proteins (GLPs) have no known enzymatic activity. A role of oxalate oxidase in plant defence has been proposed, based on the capacity of the enzyme to produce H2O2, a reactive oxygen species. The role in defence of germin and other members of the germin-like gene family was functionally assessed in a transient assay system based on particle bombardment of wheat leaves. Transient expression of the pathogen-induced germin gf-2.8 gene, but not of the constitutively expressed HvGLP1 gene, reduced the penetration efficiency of Blumeria (syn. Erysiphe) graminis f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew, on transformed cells. Two engineered germin-gf-2.8 genes and the TaGLP2a gene, which all encoded proteins without oxalate oxidase activity, also reduced the penetration efficiency of the fungus, demonstrating that oxalate oxidase activity is not required for conferring enhanced resistance. Instead, activity tagging experiments showed that in cells transiently expressing the germin gf-2.8 gene, the transgene product became insolubilized at sites of attempted fungal penetration where localised production of H2O2 was observed. Thus, germin and GLPs may play a structural role in cell-wall re-enforcement during pathogen attack.
Sparse Trajectory Prediction Method Based on Entropy Estimation

Most of the existing algorithms cannot effectively solve the data sparse problem of trajectory prediction. This paper proposes a novel sparse trajectory prediction method based on L-Z entropy estimation. Firstly, the moving region of trajectories is divided into a two-dimensional plane grid graph, and then the original trajectories are mapped to the grid graph so that each trajectory can be represented as a grid sequence. Secondly, an L-Z entropy estimator is used to calculate the entropy value of each grid sequence, and then the trajectory which has a comparatively low entropy value is segmented into several sub-trajectories. The new trajectory space is synthesised by these sub-trajectories based on trajectory entropy. The trajectory synthesis can not only resolve the sparse problem of trajectory data, but also make the new trajectory space more credible. In addition, the trajectory scale is limited in a certain range. Finally, under the new trajectory space, Markov model and Bayesian Inference is applied to trajectory prediction with data sparsity. The experiments based on the taxi trajectory dataset of Microsoft Research Asia show the proposed method can make an effective prediction for the sparse trajectory. Compared with the existing methods, our method needs a smaller trajectory space and provides much wider predicting range, faster predicting speed and better predicting accuracy. key words: trajectory prediction, data sparsity, L-Z entropy estimation, sub-trajectory synthesis
Cardiovascular complications of cocaine use.

The deaths of several celebrities in recent years in association with the nontherapeutic use of cocaine have focused widespread attention on the problem of cocaine abuse. In 1999, an estimated 25 million Americans admitted that they had used cocaine at least once; 3.7 million had used it within the previous year; and 1.5 million were current users. During the same year, cocaine was mentioned in 30 percent of all drug-related visits to emergency departments.1 Cocaine is the most commonly used illicit drug among subjects seeking care in hospital emergency departments or drug-treatment centers. In addition, it is the most frequent .
ABNORMAL DENTAL STATUS?

studies are always small. Moreover, the present main drawback of voxel-based morphometry analysis is the potential poor sensitivity to detect regional changes. A great number of animal studies strongly support the hypothesis that stress can decrease dendritic branching and neurogenesis in MPFC volume and damage hippocampal formation. MPFC and pregenual ACC are highly interconnected with the amygdala, and structural or functional abnormalities in these regions have been reported to markedly impair fear extinction in human. Some researchers emphasize that not only has research in humans found that ACC volumes in PTSD are smaller than in trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD, but has also found that ACC volume correlates with severity of PTSD symptoms. One of the most important types of genetic neuroimaging studies in human is twin studies. One twin study revealed that combat veterans with PTSD and their identical twins who did not have PTSD had smaller hippocampus than combat veterans without PTSD, suggesting that a small hippocampus is a risk factor for rather than a result of PTSD. Nevertheless, some scientists criticized the twin study and called for a replication of this research. The same group reported inconsistent results in different papers and the reason is unclear. In addition, a small hippocampus was not an extraordinarily strong predictor for the enormous overlap in the volume data. They believed that hippocampus volume and stress could affect each other. In contrast to the previous twin study, another twin study emphasized that there was no evidence of regional differences related to genetic risk for PTSD and that most regional changes correlated with PTSD. Meanwhile, it suggested that pregenual ACC is also significantly associated with PTSD and combat exposure. In conclusion, correlation, even post hoc, does not equal causation, but a large number of consistent studies indicate that causation is likely to exist between the two diseases. Further genetic neuroimaging studies and pathological research on the frontal amygdala circuit and hippocampus shall contribute to the causation.
Meteorologically Mediated Diurnal Questing of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs

Abstract Questing Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) nymphs were collected in the field by drag sampling to determine whether ticks would be collected in greater numbers during certain times of the day and under certain ambient meteorological conditions. Ticks were collected hourly for 16 h on 4 d and counts were contrasted with simultaneous measurements of ambient temperature and relative humidity, and with similar measurements made within the leaf litter. Peak numbers of questing I. scapularis and A. americanum nymphs were collected at distinctly different times of day, suggesting that the two species were responding to different environmental conditions. Both species demonstrated responses to diel changes in local meteorological conditions. Numbers of ticks were correlated with ambient temperature and humidity and with conditions recorded in the leaf litter that appeared to play a significant role in mediating questing behavior of both species. The time of day when tick sampling is conducted might significantly bias population estimates for sympatric species and the assessment of tick-borne disease transmission risk.
Growth Rate-Dependent Regulation of Medial FtsZ Ring Formation

ABSTRACT FtsZ is an essential cell division protein conserved throughout the bacteria and archaea. In response to an unknown cell cycle signal, FtsZ polymerizes into a ring that establishes the future division site. We conducted a series of experiments examining the link between growth rate, medial FtsZ ring formation, and the intracellular concentration of FtsZ in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. We found that, although the frequency of cells with FtsZ rings varies as much as threefold in a growth rate-dependent manner, the average intracellular concentration of FtsZ remains constant irrespective of doubling time. Additionally, expressing ftsZ solely from a constitutive promoter, thereby eliminating normal transcriptional control, did not alter the growth rate regulation of medial FtsZ ring formation. Finally, our data indicate that overexpressing FtsZ does not dramatically increase the frequency of cells with medial FtsZ rings, suggesting that the mechanisms governing ring formation are refractile to increases in FtsZ concentration. These results support a model in which the timing of FtsZ assembly is governed primarily through cell cycle-dependent changes in FtsZ polymerization kinetics and not simply via oscillations in the intracellular concentration of FtsZ. Importantly, this model can be extended to the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Our data show that, like those in B. subtilis, average FtsZ levels in E. coli are constant irrespective of doubling time.
Significance of conformational biases in Monte Carlo simulations of protein folding: Lessons from Metropolis–Hastings approach

Despite significant effort, the problem of predicting a protein's three‐dimensional fold from its amino‐acid sequence remains unsolved. An important strategy involves treating folding as a statistical process, using the Markov chain formalism, implemented as a Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm. A formal prerequisite of this approach is the condition of detailed balance, the plausible requirement that at equilibrium, the transition from state i to state j is traversed with the same probability as the reverse transition from state j to state i. Surprisingly, some relatively successful methods that use biased sampling fail to satisfy this requirement. Is this compromise merely a convenient heuristic that results in faster convergence? Or, is it instead a cryptic energy term that compensates for an incomplete potential function? I explore this question using Metropolis–Hasting Monte Carlo simulations. Results from these simulations suggest the latter answer is more likely. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rule induction of breast cancer medical diagnose based on combination of rough sets, artificial neutral network and genetic algorithm

Research on Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer in the last decade is reported tremendous. In this paper, a breast cancer diagnosis system based on rough set theory, SOM neutral work, and Genetic Algorithm is proposed. With this system, we transform data to knowledge which is very important to early diagnosis and further medical research of breast cancer. The system first discretizes breast cancer medical data by training SOM neural network; then reduce condition attributes by GA; finally induce diagnosis rules from decision table. Prior knowledge is not required by system. Specific diagnosis rules are available, and result is objective. Testing system on WDBC data set, we get 48 breast cancer diagnosis rules. Use these rules as classifier to evaluate performance of diagnosis system. The experiment result shows that diagnosis accuracy is substantially increased compared with traditional diagnosis method and other CAD methods.
The physiology and pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown under controlled conditions in a defined medium

A chemically‐defined culture medium was developed which supported batch growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H37Rv, at a minimum doubling time of 14·7 h. This medium also facilitated chemostat culture of M. tuberculosis at a constant doubling time of 24 h. Chemostat growth was optimized at a dissolved oxygen tension of 20% (v/v) and 0·2% (v/v) Tween‐80. Chemostat cultures were dispersed suspensions of single bacilli (1·5–3 µm long), or small aggregates, at a mean density of log10 8·3 cfu ml−1. A limited number of amino acids was utilized (alanine, asparagine, aspartate and serine were depleted by >50%; glycine, arginine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine, by approximately 40%). Chemostat‐grown cells were pathogenic in aerosol‐infected guinea pigs, producing disseminated infection similar to that caused by plate‐grown cells. Cells from chemostat culture were significantly more invasive for J774A.1 mouse macrophages than agar‐ or batch‐grown cells. This study demonstrates the suitability of chemostat culture for the growth of pathogenic mycobacteria in a defined physiological state with potential applications for the controlled production of mycobacterial components for therapeutic and vaccine applications.
Pigmentary and cutaneous risk factors for non‐melanocytic skin cancer—A case‐control study

The roles of ethnic origin, pigmentray traits, sun sensitivity and other cutaneous characteristics as risk factors for basal‐cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) were examnied in a case‐control study of prevalent and incident cases of histopathologically confirmed skin cancers. Two hundred and twenty six confirmed cases of BCC, 45 of SCC and 1,015 controls with no lesions were identified in a population‐based survey of skin cancer in 1987 in Geralditon, Western Australia. The risk of both cancers was higher in nativeborn Australians than in migrants. The risk of BCC decreased with increasing age at arrival in Australia. Southern European ancestry was strongly protective against BCC (for any southern European grandparents) and SCC (no case of SCC had any granparetns of southern European origin). Inability to tan was the strongest pigmentary risk factor for both BCC and SCC. Among Factors that incorporated a measure of sun exposure as well as sun sensitivity, freckling on the arm in childhood was important for both cancers, the number of moles on the back was important for BCC, and forearm skin colour and having a permanent colour difference between the neck and adjacent protected areas were important for SCC. Among measures of sun damage to the skin, solar elastosis of the neck was a strong risk factor for both BCC and SCC, loss of fine texture of the sink of the back of the hands (as measured by cutaneous microtopography) was important for BCC and telangiectasia of the face for SCC. When all important variables for each cancer were examined together in a single model with age, sex, migrant status or age at arrival in Australia, and ethnicity, inability to tan, solar elastosis of the neck, and the number of moles on the back were independently significant risk factors for BCC and solar elatosis of the neck and having a permanent colour difference between the neck and adjacent protected areas were independently sifnificant risk factors for SCC. The effects of age at arrival or migrant status and ethnic origin remeained important on the models incorporating these factors. A history of ever having acne and a history of warts were protective for BCC and a history of acne was protective for SCC.
Employing Information Extraction for Building Mobile Applications

We describe a SMS-based information system called CATS, which allows posting and searching through free Arabic text using Information Extraction (IE) technology. We discuss the challenges of applying IE technology for unedited real Arabic text. In addition, we describe the structure of this system and our approach to produce an open robust system capable of including more sub domains with the minimum effort.
A Two-Step Sensing Circuit for the Hysteresis Loop Selector-Based Resistive Non-Volatile Memory Arrays

A high selectivity semiconductor selector is the key component in the ultra-high density and low power 3-D resistive non-volatile memory array. The state-of-art selectors suffer from various issues including low selectivity, high OFF current, and low ON current, which significantly limit the array size and performance. Recently, a hysteresis loop (HL) selector with the high selectivity, moderate ON voltage and large HL window was developed to address the high leakage current issue. In this brief, a two-step sensing scheme is proposed to minimize the read disturbance and sensing power. The proposed two-step sensing circuit could achieve 25-ns fast sensing speed with 3.92-uW low sensing power.
The complete chemical structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae rRNA: partial pseudouridylation of U2345 in 25S rRNA by snoRNA snR9

We present the complete chemical structures of the rRNAs from the eukaryotic model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The final structures, as determined with mass spectrometry-based methodology that includes a stable isotope-labelled, non-modified reference RNA, contain 112 sites with 12 different post-transcriptional modifications, including a previously unidentified pseudouridine at position 2345 in 25S rRNA. Quantitative mass spectrometry-based stoichiometric analysis of the different modifications at each site indicated that 94 sites were almost fully modified, whereas the remaining 18 sites were modified to a lesser extent. Superimposed three-dimensional modification maps for S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe rRNAs confirmed that most of the modified nucleotides are located in functionally important interior regions of the ribosomes. We identified snR9 as the snoRNA responsible for pseudouridylation of U2345 and showed that this pseudouridylation occurs co-transcriptionally and competitively with 2′-O-methylation of U2345. This study ends the uncertainty concerning whether all modified nucleotides in S. cerevisiae rRNAs have been identified and provides a resource for future structural, functional and biogenesis studies of the eukaryotic ribosome.
Generalized policy iteration adaptive dynamic programming algorithm for optimal tracking control of a class of nonlinear systems

This paper deals with optimal tracking control problems for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems using a generalized policy iteration adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm. First, by system transformation, the optimal tracking control problem is transformed into an optimal regulation problem. Then the generalized policy iteration ADP algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal tracking controller with convergence and optimality analysis. The developed algorithm uses the idea of two iteration procedures to obtain the iterative tracking control laws and the iterative value functions. Three neural networks, including model network, critic network and action network, are used to implement the developed algorithm. At last, an simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.