Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple outcome assessment in a study of the cost-effectiveness of clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE To develop new methods for combining results from multiple outcome domains and to demonstrate their application in a study of the cost-effectiveness of clozapine in treating hospitalized patients with refractory schizophrenia. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Interview assessments, and administrative utilization and cost data, concerning 423 patients with refractory schizophrenia who had been hospitalized for 30-364 days during the year before study entry, at 15 VA medical centers. STUDY DESIGN A 12-month double-blind trial compared clozapine (n = 205) and haloperidol (n = 218) in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Data from standard assessment instruments, gathered at baseline and at 6 weeks, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, were used to develop a Composite Health Index for Schizophrenia, a measure that addresses outcome in six domains, weighted by patient or provider preferences. Cumulative improvement was estimated by computing the area under the improvement curve. This measure was then combined with cost data, reflecting consumption of societal resources to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Clozapine was significantly more effective than haloperidol on measures of symptoms (p = .02) and side effects (p < .0001), with nonsignificant trends in the positive direction on community role functioning (p = .06), family relationships (p = .23), social relationships (p = .30), and daily activities (p = .20). Clozapine was also more effective than haloperidol on the one-year cumulative Composite Health Index for Schizophrenia (p < .0001 for all weighting schemes). After converting this measure to a 0-1 Worst Health-Good Health Scale analogous to Quality Adjusted Life Years, clozapine was found to yield a small improvement of . 049 Worst Health-Good Health Units as compared to an improvement of only . 027 Units for haloperidol (p < .0001). Average annual costs were $2,733 lower for clozapine (95% C.I. = -$9,220 to $3,754). Although clozapine was significantly more effective than haloperidol, the summary cost-effectiveness ratio had a wide 95 percent confidence interval ranging from -$431,585 to $177,352. CONCLUSIONS Methods demonstrate an approach to using conventional disease-specific measures to evaluate the cumulative effectiveness of novel treatments for psychotic disorders and for expressing their economic effect as cost-effectiveness ratios. Among high hospital users with refractory schizophrenia, clozapine is more cost-effective than standard treatment, although the magnitude of its effect is small and there is considerable uncertainty about the cost estimates.
Examination of the Predictors of Latent Class Typologies of Bullying Involvement Among Middle School Students

This study employs latent class analysis to construct bullying involvement typologies among 3,114 students (48% male, 58% White) in 40 middle schools across the United States. Four classes were constructed: victims (15%); bullies (13%); bully/victims (13%); and noninvolved (59%). Respondents who were male and participated in fewer conventional activities were more likely to be members of the victims class. Students who were African American and reported being less successful at school had a higher likelihood of membership in the bullies class. Bully/victims shared characteristics with bullies and victims: Students with more feelings of anger toward others and a higher tendency toward sensation-seeking had a higher likelihood of membership in the bullies and bully/victims classes, whereas lower levels of social inclusion was associated with membership in the victims and bully/victims classes.
Similarities of K+ATP Channel Expression and Ca2+ Changes in Pancreatic β Cells and Hypothalamic Neurons

The mechanisms through which pancreatic β cells recognize and respond to changes in circulating glucose are well understood. Evidence is accumulating that a subpopulation of neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) use similar cellular mechanisms to sense changes in extracellular glucose. In the present study, we used PCR and single-cell calcium imaging techniques to investigate whether glucose-sensing cells in the pancreas and hypothalamus employ a similar set of stimulus-response elements. Dispersed cells from mouse pancreata and hypothalamus were used in conjunction with the insulin-secreting cell line MIN6. We present functional data suggesting that both pancreatic and a subpopulation of hypothalamic cells exhibit glucose- and tolbutamide-evoked changes in cytosolic calcium and consider some clinical implications of different glucose sensors using the same mechanisms.
An NF-κB-sensitive Micro RNA-146a-mediated Inflammatory Circuit in Alzheimer Disease and in Stressed Human Brain Cells*

Human brains retain discrete populations of micro RNA (miRNA) species that support homeostatic brain gene expression functions; however, specific miRNA abundance is significantly altered in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD) when compared with age-matched controls. Here we provide evidence in AD brains of a specific up-regulation of an NF-κB-sensitive miRNA-146a highly complementary to the 3′-untranslated region of complement factor H (CFH), an important repressor of the inflammatory response of the brain. Up-regulation of miRNA-146a coupled to down-regulation of CFH was observed in AD brain and in interleukin-1β, Aβ42, and/or oxidatively stressed human neural (HN) cells in primary culture. Transfection of HN cells using an NF-κB-containing pre-miRNA-146a promoter-luciferase reporter construct in stressed HN cells showed significant up-regulation of luciferase activity that paralleled decreases in CFH gene expression. Treatment of stressed HN cells with the NF-κB inhibitor pyrollidine dithiocarbamate or the resveratrol analog CAY10512 abrogated this response. Incubation of an antisense oligonucleotide to miRNA-146a (anti-miRNA-146a; AM-146a) was found to restore CFH expression levels. These data indicate that NF-κB-sensitive miRNA-146a-mediated modulation of CFH gene expression may in part regulate an inflammatory response in AD brain and in stressed HN cell models of AD and illustrate the potential for anti-miRNAs as an effective therapeutic strategy against pathogenic inflammatory signaling.
Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization of Prion-Contaminated Medical Instruments

From Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care (both authors), and the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine (both authors), Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Received November 9, 2009; accepted November 19, 2009; electronically published January 6, 2010. 2010 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. 0899-823X/2010/3102-0001$15.00. DOI: 10.1086/650197 epidemiology of the creutzfeldtjakob disease prion
The future is in the PC cards

The growing use of IC memory cards, with their small size and low power consumption, in key roles in all sorts of handheld equipment is discussed. Three events that have propelled the credit-card-sized descendants of the original battery-packed memory cards are discussed. They are the development of a standard for 68-pin personal computer cards, known as PC cards, that allows them to act as peripherals, such as modems and network ports, as well as storage devices; the development of flash-type nonvolatile memory chips of very high capacity; and the emergence of palmtop and notebook computers. <<ETX>>
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 participates in the regulation of fatty acid synthase expression in colorectal neoplasia.

Endogenous fatty acid synthesis has been observed in certain rapidly proliferating normal and neoplastic tissues. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate the expression of lipogenic genes including fatty acid synthase (FAS), the major biosynthetic enzyme for fatty acid synthesis. We have previously shown that SREBP-1, FAS, and Ki-67, a proliferation marker, colocalized in the crypts of the fetal gastrointestinal tract epithelium. This study sought to determine whether SREBP-1 participates in the regulation of proliferation-associated fatty acid synthesis in colorectal neoplasia. An immunohistochemical analysis of SREBP-1, FAS, and Ki-67 expression in 25 primary human colorectal carcinoma specimens showed colocalization in 22 of these. To elucidate a functional linkage between SREBP-1 activation and proliferation-associated FA synthesis, SREBP-1 and FAS content were assayed during the adaptive response of cultured HCT116 colon carcinoma cells to pharmacological inhibition of FA synthesis. Cerulenin and TOFA each inhibited the endogenous synthesis of fatty acids in a dose-dependent manner and each induced increases in both precursor and mature forms of SREBP-1. Subsequently, both the transcriptional activity of the FAS promoter in a luciferase reporter gene construct and the FAS expression increased. These results demonstrate that tumor cells recognize and respond to a deficiency in endogenous fatty acid synthesis by upregulating both SREBP-1 and FAS expression and support the model that SREBP-1 participates in the transcriptional regulation of lipogenic genes in colorectal neoplasia.
Assessing the Independent Effect of Dietary Counseling and Hypolipidemic Medications on Serum Lipids

Determination of changes in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels has focused primarily on hypolipidemic drug effects. Changes resulting from dietary effect alone versus diet and drug effect have not yet been fully established. Seventy subjects were enrolled into four treatment groups to determine the impact of diet and drug effect upon TC and TG. Group 1 (n = 28) served as the control group and received no dietary counseling or drug therapy. Group 2 (n = 22) received dietary coun seling. Group 3 (n = 7) underwent dietary counseling for six months and drug therapy for eighteen months. Subjects in groups 1-3 were monitored for eighteen months. Patients in group 4 (n = 13) were followed up for thirty-six months. No intervention occurred during the first eighteen months, and hypolipidemic medications were used during the second eighteen-month period. Subjects in groups 1 and 4 received no specific dietary counseling and demonstrated no significant improvement over the course of the study. Patients in groups 2 and 3 showed significant reductions in both TC and TG. The improvement in TC seen for patients in group 3 was reduced after dietary counseling ceased. Dietary intervention is necessary if patients are to statistically significantly reduce TC and TG levels. Drug therapy demonstrated the expected reductions in both TC and TG but did not statistically significantly lower lipid levels without concomitant dietary coun seling. When dietary counseling and hypolipidemic medications are used together, reduc tions in TC and TG values are even greater than those seen with dietary effect alone. Diet control alone appears to significantly reduce TC and TG levels, resulting in reduced need for antianginal medications.
The Efficacy of Montelukast during the Allergy Season in Pediatric Patients with Persistent Asthma and Seasonal Aeroallergen Sensitivity

Objective. To determine the effect of montelukast on asthma during the allergy season in children with persistent asthma and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity. Design. This 3-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group multicenter study compared daily montelukast 5 mg chewable tablets and placebo in patients 6–14 years of age with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 60 and ≤ 85% predicted, persistent asthma that is also active during allergy season, and documented sensitivity to seasonal allergens. Concomitant inhaled corticosteroid use was permitted in up to 40% of enrolled patients. The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline in FEV1 over 3 weeks of treatment. Additional endpoints included the percentage change from baseline in β -agonist use, average changes in daytime and nighttime symptom score, AM and PM peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), investigator's global asthma evaluation, and parent/guardian global asthma evaluation at the end of the treatment period. Adverse experiences (AEs) were collected to assess safety and tolerability. Results. A total of 421 patients were randomized to montelukast (N = 203) or placebo (N = 218). For the primary endpoint, the percentage change from baseline FEV1, montelukast was not significantly different from placebo (least squares mean 9.53% vs. 9.15%, respectively; p = 0.810). Compared with placebo, montelukast was associated with significantly lower (better) investigator's global asthma evaluation (LS mean 2.71 vs. 2.98; p < 0.05) and parent/guardian global asthma evaluation (LS mean: 2.63 vs. 2.90; p < 0.05) scores. There were no significant differences between treatment groups for the other efficacy evaluations. Both treatments were well tolerated, with no significant differences observed in AE rates. Conclusion. Montelukast did not significantly improve FEV1 compared with placebo over three weeks of treatment during the allergy season in pediatric patients with seasonal allergen sensitivity. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00289874)
Diseño Integrado con Realimentación Robusta de Estados vía Desigualdades Lineales Matriciales

Resumen—La idea del diseno integrado se fundamenta en la posibilidad de disenar procesos con criterios de optimizacion, incorporando condiciones que garanticen un buen desempeno dinamico del sistema en las primeras etapas del diseno. De esta forma se obtienen, tanto los parametros de la planta como los del controlador de forma simultanea. En este trabajo se presenta una metodologia que permite realizar el diseno optimizado de una planta no lineal con restricciones de operacion no lineales, calculando simultaneamente un control por realimentacion de estado que garantiza que el sistema controlado presenta una serie de caracteristicas de estabilidad, ubicacion de sus polos y rechazo a las perturbaciones. Se considera ademas, la existencia de incertidumbre parametrica lo que conlleva a la obtencion de las ganancias robustas de realimentacion. La idea se basa en una optimizacion con dos consideraciones fundamentales. En la primera, se tiene un proceso clasico de optimizacion no lineal donde en cada iteracion se calculan parametros del proceso basandose en las restricciones estaticas. En la segunda se calculan los controladores (si existen) para la linealizacion de la planta en cada punto de operacion calculado. De esta forma las condiciones dinamicas impuestas al controlador pasan a ser restricciones implicitas del problema de optimizacion no lineal. La metodologia se utiliza en el diseno de un sistema hidraulico controlado por una ley de realimentacion de estados, incorporando una condicion integral en el lazo de control, para obtener condiciones de error iguales a cero ante senales de referencia de valores constantes. Al final se presentan algunos resultados y simulaciones de la respuesta del sistema no lineal, donde se aprecia la influencia de las condiciones dinamicas sobre el sistema disenado. Palabras claves—Diseno de procesos, optimizacion no lineal, desigualdades lineales matriciales, incertidumbre parametrica, controlador robusto, realimentacion de estados. *
Collision of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung: a case report

We report a rare case of collision of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) in the lung. A 59‐year‐old woman had a history of fever and cough. A mass was found by X‐ray in the left upper lung. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a dumbbell‐like mass in the fore and tongue segment of the left upper lung with irregular spiculate margin. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (18F‐FDG) shows strong concentration of radioactivity (SUVmax 6.9–12.3 cm) in the lung mass only. The patient subsequently underwent resection of left upper lung and associated hilar lymph nodes. Histological examination revealed it was a collision carcinoma comprising LELC and AC. The hilar lymph nodes were tumuor free. The immunoreactions, Epstein–Barr early RNA in situ hybridization and molecular analyses, such as EGFR mutation, c‐Met, anaplastic lymphoma kinase were different in both tumuor components, indicating they derived from different cell origin. This rare case was discussed.
Pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a patient with ovarian failure after chemotherapy.

To the Editor: Premenopausal women who undergo high-dose chemotherapy have a very high risk of ovarian failure.1 Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue with subsequent autotransplantation has effectively preserved fertility in an animal model,2 but its efficacy in humans has been uncertain. Eggs that were aspirated from cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplanted in heterotopic sites did not result in a pregnancy.3 A live birth was reported after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a woman who had undergone treatment for Hodgkin's disease; however, since the woman had ovulated before transplantation, it is uncertain whether the egg came from the native ovary or the .
[Prevention and treatment of bleeding from gastric or ectopic varices or congestive gastropathy].

LES VARICES GASTRIQUES • Histoire naturelle • Prophylaxie primaire de la rupture de varice gastrique • Traitement d’une rupture de varice gastrique Traitement pharmacologique vasoactif Tamponnement gastrique Sclérose endoscopique Colle biologique Thrombine et fibrine Ligature endoscopique (élastique, anse) Embolisation rétrograde avec occlusion à ballonnet Anastomose porto-cave intrahépatique (TIPS) Traitement chirurgicaux c Anastomoses porto-caves c Dévascularisation œsogastrique • Prévention secondaire pharmacologique
Modelo cinematico del mini robot movil Ricimaf

El presente trabajo describe el modelo dinamico del mini robot movil construido en el Icimaf, cuya traccion se logra mediante dos motores de paso acoplados a dos ruedas plasticas forradas con una capa de goma para facilitar su movimiento y una pequena rueda direccional. Se elabora la estructura jacobiana necesaria para el desarrollo del modelo dinamico. Se incluye el analisis de un rasgo especial de estos robots, que es su naturaleza no holonomica, en contraste con los robots manipuladores, lo que da lugar a un tipo de restriccion del movimiento. La elaboracion del modelo dinamico origino el empleo de los multiplicadores de Lagrange. Para la obtencion de las ecuaciones dinamicas se emplea el metodo de Euler-Lagrange
The benefit of an acute stroke unit in patients with intracranial haemorrhage: a controlled trial

OBJECTIVES Patients with stroke receiving organised inpatient (stroke unit) care after stroke are more likely to be alive and independent compared with patients offered conventional care. The objective was to determine the effect of an acute stroke unit on patients with primary intracranial haemorrhage. METHODS In a prospective controlled study, the effect of an acute stroke unit was examined on 30 day and 1 year mortality in patients with primary intracranial haemorrhage. Patients treated in general medical wards served as controls. RESULTS Of 121 patients included, 56 were allocated to an acute stroke unit and 65 to a general medical ward. The 30 day mortality rate was 39% in the acute stroke unit compared with 63% in the general medical wards, and the 1 year mortality rates were 52% and 69%, respectively. There was a difference between the 30 day and 1 year survival curves between the groups (p=0.007 and 0.013, respectively); however, there was no difference in survival between 30 and 365 days. There was no difference in risks of being discharged home or to long term care between the groups. CONCLUSIONS In this study admission to an acute stroke unit reduced mortality 30 days and 1 year after primary intracranial haemorrhage, which could be attributed to a large difference in survival during the first 30 days.
pedantics: an r package for pedigree‐based genetic simulation and pedigree manipulation, characterization and viewing

Analyses of pedigrees and pedigree‐derived parameters (e.g. relatedness and fitness) provide some of the most informative types of studies in evolutionary biology. The r package pedantics implements tools to facilitate power and sensitivity analyses of pedigree‐related studies of natural populations. Functions are available to permute pedigree data in various ways with the goal of mimicking patterns of pedigree errors and missingness that occur in studies of natural populations. Another set of functions simulates genetic and phenotypic data based on arbitrary pedigrees. Finally, functions are also available with which visual and numerical representations of pedigree structure can be generated.
Distribution of ultraviolet-induced DNA repair synthesis in nuclease sensitive and resistant regions of human chromatin.

The distribution of ultraviolet radiation (uv) induced DNA repair synthesis within chromatin was examined in cultured human diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90). Measurement of the time course of repair synthesis yielded two distinct phases: An initial rapid phase (fast repair) which occurs during the first 2 to 3 h after damage and a slower phase (slow repair) associated with a tenfold decrease in the rate of nucleotide incorporation, which persists for at least 35 h after damage. Staphylococcal nuclease digests of nuclei from cells damaged with uv and labeled during the fast-repair phase revealed a marked preference of fast-repair synthesis for the nuclease-sensitive regions. A new method was developed to analyze the digestion data and showed that approximately 50% of the nucleotides incorporated during the fast-repair phase are located in staphylococcal nuclease-sensitive regions, which comprise about 30% of the genome. Calculations from these data indicate that in the staphylococcal nuclease-sensitive regions the number of newly inserted nucleotides per unit DNA is about twice that of resistant regions. These results were supported by electrophoresis studies which demonstrated a decreased representation of fast-repair synthesis in core particle DNA. In contrast, the distribution within chromatin of nucleotides incorporated during the slow-repair phase was found tomore » be much more homogeneous with about 30% of the repair sites located in 25% of the genome. Digestion studieswith DNase I indicated a slight preference of repair synthesis for regions sensitive to this enzyme; however, no marked difference between the distributions of fast- and slow-repair synthesis was observed. This study provides evidence that the structural constraints placed upon DNA in chromatin also place constraints upon uv-induced DNA repair synthesis in human cells. « less