Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Task Scheduling for Cost Minimization in Distributed Green Cloud Data Centers

The infrastructure resources in distributed green cloud data centers (DGCDCs) are shared by multiple heterogeneous applications to provide flexible services to global users in a high-performance and low-cost way. It is highly challenging to minimize the total cost of a DGCDC provider in a market, where bandwidth prices of Internet service providers (ISPs), electricity prices, and the availability of renewable green energy all vary with geographical locations. Unlike existing studies, this paper proposes a spatial task scheduling and resource optimization (STSRO) method to minimize the total cost of their provider by cost-effectively scheduling all arriving tasks of heterogeneous applications to meet tasks’ delay-bound constraints. STSRO well exploits spatial diversity in DGCDCs. In each time slot, the cost minimization problem for DGCDCs is formulated as a constrained optimization one and solved by the proposed simulated annealing-based bat algorithm (SBA). Trace-driven experiments demonstrate that STSRO achieves lower total cost and higher throughput than two typical scheduling methods. Note to Practitioners—This paper investigates the cost minimization problem for DGCDCs while meeting delay-bound constraints for all arriving tasks. Previous task scheduling methods do not jointly investigate the spatial diversity in bandwidth prices of ISPs, electricity prices, and the availability of renewable green energy. Therefore, they fail to cost-effectively schedule all arriving tasks of heterogeneous applications during their delay-bound constraints. In this paper, a new method that overcomes the shortcomings of the existing methods is proposed. It is obtained by using the proposed SBA that solves a constrained optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with two typical scheduling methods, it increases the throughput and decreases the cost. It can be readily implemented and integrated into real-world industrial DGCDCs. The future work needs to investigate the indeterminacy of renewable energy and the uncertainty in arriving tasks with rough deep neural network approaches on STSRO.
COOLING SYSTEM DESIGNING FOR HPC

Energy consumption is a big problem in HPC (High Performance Computing). The cooling system plays dual role in HPC. Not only does it consume energy, but also it keeps electronic components in the appropriate functioning conditions. So the design of a cooling system is very important in HPC. The size of the cooling system to be used in an HPC is function of the clock frequency of the CPU (Central Point Unit). From this expression, we can have the TDP (Thermal Design Power) of one processor and also that of a HPC. The correct temperature of HPC cooling can be obtained from TDP.
Expression and Role of CD134 and NF-KB in Renal Tissue of Lupus Nephritis

[Objective] To investigate the role of CD 134 (OX40) and NF-KB in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). [Methods] Renal in situ CD 134 and NF-KB expression were examined in 40 LN patientbiopsy specimens by immunohistochemistry and microwave-based immunohistochemistry respectively. The relationship between expression of CD134 and NF-KB was analyzed. [Results] In class IV and non-class IV LN patients, the expression of glomerular , tubular and renal interstitial CD134( gray level ) were 4. 22 ±1.65, 2. 43 ±1.32, 7. 72 ±2. 69,4.46± 2. 41 and 6. 56 ± 2. 17,4. 05 ± 1. 83. It was higher than that of normal control, P 0. 01, P 0. 05 respectively. The expression of NF-KB in class IV and non-class IV LN patients were 13. 1±8. 2 NF-KB positive glomerular cell/ gcs, 38.5%±17.2% NF-KB positive tubular and 3. 2 ±1.8 NF-KB positive glomerular cell/ gcs, 22. 1% ± 9. 8% NF-KB positive tubular. It was also higher than that of normal control, all P 0. 05 . The expressiom of it in class IV LN was higher than that of non-class IV LN group ( P 0. 05), where there was intense staining of endothelial cell, distal tubules, and interstitial mononuclear cell. The CD134 expression of glomerular and tubular was closely related to NF-KB expression respectively ( r = 0. 554 2, P 0. 05; r = 0. 627 9, P 0. 05). [Conclusion] The abnormal expression of costimulato-ry molecule CD134 is well evidenced in LN. Strong expression of renal in situ NF-KB is likely mediat- ed by CD 134 signal pathway mediate activation.
Study of Two Colorectal Cancer Negatively Related Genes

To search previously uncertained factors that correlated with the occurrence and development of human colorectal cancer.To study the structure and function of the two colorectal cancer negatively related genes.Enhanced fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was used in chromosome localization.The function of novel genes were studied by Dot blot,Northern blot,RT_PCR_ELISA,in situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry and in vivo and in vitro transfection trial.The structure and function studies of SNC6 and SNC19 genes were carried out.The full length cDNA of SNC6 and SNC19 was 3168bp and 3152bp respectively.The chromosomal localization of SNC6 and SNC19 was in 22q13 and 11q24 respectively.There was 12 exons and 11 introns in the SNC6 gene.The SNC6 and SNC19 genes were respectively nominated as ST13 and ST14 by HUGO Nomenclature Committee,and were assigned to Human Genome Maps.The expression level of SNC6 was lower in colorectal cancer than that in normal intestinal mucosa,and was varied in different cancer cell lines and tissues.The mono_antibody of SNC6 was obtained.The similar results of the expression of SNC6 gene were detected by protein and nucleotide level.It is identified that SNC6 gene could inhibit growth of colorectal cancer cell in vivo and in vitro.It is elucidated that SNC19 encodes a novel human serine protease. [Conclusion] SNC6 and SNC19 gene can be further investigated as a novel colorectal negatively related gene.
Molecular Mechanisms for Coping with Al Toxicity in Plants

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in acid soils. Molecular mechanisms of coping with Al toxicity have now been investigated in a range of plant species. Two main mechanisms of Al tolerance in plants are Al exclusion from the roots and the ability to tolerate Al in the roots. This review focuses on the recent discovery of novel genes and mechanisms that confer Al tolerance in plants and summarizes our understanding of the physiological, genetic, and molecular basis for plant Al tolerance. We hope this review will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of Al tolerance in plants.
Changes in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict the prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Although sorafenib is the first systemic therapy to show survival benefit for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its survival benefit is variable for HCC. Systemic inflammation may be associated with survival in HCC. We investigated the use of systemic inflammation markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), in the prognosis of sorafenib-treated HCC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data of 82 patients with advanced HCC who received sorafenib as the first-line treatment. Data on pretreatment and post-treatment (2-3 months after initiating sorafenib therapy, first tumor response evaluation day) clinical, laboratory, and tumor characteristics were collected. Survival-related prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS Patients were mostly in the intermediate (12.2%) or advanced (87.8%) Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages. Fifty-six (68.3%) patients had vascular invasion and 34 (41.5%) patients had extrahepatic disease. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8-6.5 months] and 4.7 months (95% CI: 2.8-6.5 months). In multivariate analysis for OS, diarrhea (hazard ratio: 0.588; 95% CI: 0.348-0.993) and NLR decline (decreased compared with pretreatment) (hazard ratio: 0.479; 95% CI: 0.300-0.765) were independent factors of good OS. In the NLR decline group, the median PFS and OS were 7.1 and 7.3 months, respectively. In the NLR nondecline group, the median PFS and OS were 3.0 and 3.2 months, respectively. The difference in OS between the two groups was significant (P=0.004). CONCLUSION A change in NLR after sorafenib therapy was associated with a better prognosis in patients with advanced HCC.
Inhibitory effect of Nymphoides peltatum on Microcystis aeruginosa and its mechanism.

A co-culture system of Nymphoides peltatum and natural frond dominated with blooma bluegreen algae(Microcystis aeruginosa) was established for analysis of variation of cell density and content of chlorophyll-a of various algae,growth of Nymphoides peltatum and underwater light intensity in the system.Meanwhile,M.aeruginosa was cultured in the medium prepared out of the culture solution of N.peltatum under a proper light condition for analysis of variation of the physiological indexes of alga growth with time.Results show that total algal cell density dropped significantly for all the algae in the system(P0.05),and that of M.aeruginosa in particular by 94.68% as compared with the initial density 40 days before.However,the population of Tetraedron minimum was growing gradually to be a dominant species.It is obvious that the growth of M.aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by N.peltatum. In the co-culture system,chlorophyll-a of algae was in significant negative correlation with fresh weight of N.peltatum and light attenuation rate at 20 cm underwater,indicating that photosynthetic capacity of the algal cells is closely related to the growth of N.peltatum and its shading effect.With the culture going on,light density(D650) of M.aeruginosa cells decreased significantly,and so did the relative content of chlorophyll-a and phycobiliproteins(including phycocyanin,allophycocyanin,phycoerythrin) by a varying degrees or down to 5.27%,15.53%,21.11% and 48.48%,respectively after 9 days of incubation of the system and Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase activity as well.All these findings suggest existence of some active substances that have allelopathic effect on M.aeruginosa in the N.peltatum culture solution and affect the photoreaction system(PS I and PS Ⅱ) of M.aeruginosa,inhibiting photosynthesis and growth of M.aeruginosa. It is quite obvious that besides the shading effects,allelopathic active substances secreted by N.peltatum is also an important mechanism of N.peltatum inhibiting growth of M.aeruginosa.
Prevalence of Work-Related Low Back Pain among Health Care Professionals in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Background and Aims: Low back pain (LBP) is common among health care professionals (HCPs). The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and selected risk factors of LBP among HCPs in different medical institutions in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Using convenience sampling, 160 subjects (28 physical therapists, 52 physicians, and 80 nurses) were included in this study. Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and self-assessment back pain information sheet were administered. Descriptive analysis was used to study the general characteristics of the participants. The relationship between LBP and selected risk factors were tested using Chi-square and ANOVA. Data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0. Results: The one-week prevalence of LBP was found 57% among nurses, 50% among physicians and 36% among physical therapists. Many risk factors were found to have significant relationship with LBP (p
Unsupervised Image Segmentation using Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Crop Monitoring

Among endeavors towards automation in agriculture, localization and segmentation of various events during the growth cycle of a crop is critical and can be challenging in a dense foliage. Convolutional Neural Network based methods have been used to achieve state-of-the-art results in supervised image segmentation. In this paper, we investigate the unsupervised method of segmentation for monitoring crop growth and health conditions. Individual segments are then evaluated for their size, color, and texture in order to measure the possible change in the crop like emergence of a flower, fruit, deficiency, disease or pest. Supervised methods require ground truth labels of the segments in a large number of the images for training a neural network which can be used for similar kind of images on which the network is trained. Instead, we use information of spatial continuity in pixels and boundaries in a given image to update the feature representation and label assignment to every pixel using a fully convolutional network. Given that manual labeling of crop images is time consuming but quantifying an event occurrence in the farm is of utmost importance, our proposed approach achieves promising results on images of crops captured in different conditions. We obtained 94% accuracy in segmenting Cabbage with Black Moth pest, 81% in getting segments affected by Helopeltis pest on Tea leaves and 92% in spotting fruits on a Citrus tree where accuracy is defined in terms of intersection over union of the resulting segments with the ground truth. The resulting segments have been used for temporal crop monitoring and severity measurement in case of disease or pest manifestations.
18F-FDG PET/MRI for Therapy Response Assessment of Isolated Limb Perfusion in Patients with Soft-Tissue Sarcomas

Our purpose was to assess the diagnostic potential of simultaneously acquired 18F-FDG PET and MRI data sets for therapy response assessment of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). Methods: In total, 45 patients with histopathologically verified STS were prospectively enrolled for an integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI examination before and after ILP. Therapy response was assessed based on different MRI- and PET-derived morphologic (RECIST and the MR-adapted Choi criteria) and metabolic (PERCIST) criteria. In addition, a regression model was used combining relative changes in quantitative variables to predict treatment response under ILP. Histopathologic results after subsequent tumor resection served as the reference standard, and patients were categorized as responders or nonresponders on the basis of the 6-stage regression scale by Salzer-Kuntschik. Results: Histopathologic analysis categorized 27 patients as responders (grades I–III) and 18 patients as nonresponders (grades IV–VI). Calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy were 22%, 89%, 75%, 43%, and 49% for RECIST; 70%, 44%, 66%, 50%, and 60% for the Choi criteria; and 85%, 78%, 85%, 78%, and 82% for PERCIST. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.56 for RECIST, 0.57 for the Choi criteria, and 0.82 for PERCIST. The combined regression model revealed higher values (AUC, 0.90) than for the stand-alone analysis, however, differences to metabolic parameters did not reach significance (P value: 0.067). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the superiority of 18F-FDG PET over MRI data sets for response assessment of STS under neoadjuvant ILP. In a clinical setting, MRI delivers valuable information for presurgical assessment. Therefore, combining 18F-FDG PET and MRI data may enable more reliable treatment planning and therapy monitoring of STS.
Management of renal calculi: retrograde ureteroscopic holminum laser versus percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of retrograde ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy (UHL) and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) in treating patients with renal calculi of ≤3 cm.Methods From Feb.2008 to Apr.2011,a total of 109 cases (117 renal calculi in total) treated by either PCNL (50) or UHL (67) were retrospectively analyzed.Operative time,stone free rate,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses and complications were compared in the 2 groups.Results The mean stone burden of the UHL group and PCNL group was 2.5 cm (1.5-3.0) cm and 2.4 cm (1.3-3.0) cm,respectively.There was no significant difference in two groups.In UHL group,operations were performed successfully in all 67 calculi,of whom,43 patients needed combination of flexible ureteroscopy to break the stone fragments falling into the renal calices.No serious complication was recorded except postoperative fever in 3 cases.In PCNL group,all patients had been successful operated.Postoperative fever occurred in 2 cases.Obvious intraoperative and postoperative haemorrhage appeared in 1 case,and cured by selective renal artery embolization.The operation time of the UHL group and PCNL group was (117.0±36.5) min and (90.0±18.3) min respectively,and had no significant difference in two groups (P＞0.05). The stone free rate of the UHL group and PCNL group was 94％ (63/67) and 92％ (46/50) respectively,and had no significant difference in two groups (P＞0.05). Hemoglobin decline of the UHL group and PCNL group was (0.3±0.1) g/L and (20.6±8.1) g/L,and had significant difference in two groups (P＜0.05). Postoperative hospital stay of the UHL group and PCNL group was (5.0±2.4) day and (7.0±3.7) day,and had statistical difference in two groups (P＜ 0.05). Hospitalization expenses of the UHL group and PCNL group was (15 477.0±754.3) RMB and (27 453.0± 1763.5) RMB,and had statistical difference in two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusions Although UHL and PCNL have similar curative effect in treating renal stones of less than 3 cm,UHL have the advantages of lcss trauma and complication,lower expenses and fewer hospital stay.In treating renal stones of smaller than 3 cm,especially in the contraindication of PCNL,UHL may be a better choice. Key words: Kidney calculi; Lithotripsy; Ureteroscopic lithotripsy; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Ho : YAG Laser Lithotrips
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Docking a Novel Hirudin-like Anti-coagulant Protein to Thrombin

Hirudin is one of the most potent anti coagulant protein ever found, and its C terminus is a key domain for inhibiting thrombin. In order to enhance its specificity, a novel anti coagulant protein was constructed via fusing the C terminus of hirudin to AnnexinⅤ, which was expected to sustain both anti coagulant activity and phorspholipid affinity. The structure of the designed protein was predicted with both molecular mechanics and dynamics. Molecular dynamics was adopted to simulate the docking interaction between the fusion protein and thrombin. The results showed the inhibitory activity of the fusion protein to thrombin.
Patterns of alternative tobacco product experimentation among ever smoker adolescents.

OBJECTIVES Alternative tobacco product (ATP) use is popular among adolescents in Western countries, however, little is known about factors influencing ATP experimentation in Europe. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with ATP experimentation, and to identify patterns of ATP experimentation among Hungarian adolescents who had ever tried manufactured cigarette smoking. METHODS Logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate the relationship between individual cigarette smoking experiences, social smoking influences, demographics, and ATP experimentation (roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, waterpipe, traditional pipe and flavoured cigarettes) in a cross-sectional sample of 8th and 11th grade students (N = 1,067, 56.0% of girls) who had ever tried manufactured cigarette smoking in six metropolitan cities of Hungary. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify patterns of different ATP use. RESULTS Almost 90% of the sample had ever tried ATPs and significantly more commonly older (91.8%) versus younger (79.8%) students. Waterpipe was the most popular product to try followed by flavoured cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, RYO cigarettes, and pipe. Boys were more likely to report ATP experimentation compared to girls. Younger age of cigarette smoking experimentation, greater frequency of past month cigarette smoking and history of ever daily smoking for 30 days showed strong association with ATP experimentation. Students with one or more smoking friends were more vulnerable to experiment with ATPs. Weekly allowance, school academic achievement and household smoking exposure showed no effect on the experimentation. LCA identified four subgroups of ATP experimenters comprising intense polytobacco experimenters (38.4%), mainly waterpipe experimenters (34.2%), moderate polytobacco experimenters (14.9%), and less interested experimenters (12.5%). CONCLUSION Tobacco prevention programmes targeting adolescents should emphasize the risks of using ATPs in addition to manufactured cigarettes. Accessibility of ATPs should be better regulated and restrictions should be strongly enforced in order to prevent potential harmful consequences of adolescent polytobacco use.
Depressive symptoms and deficits in stress-reactive negative, positive, and within-emotion-category differentiation: A daily diary study.

OBJECTIVE The present research aimed to better understand deficits in emotion differentiation that accompany depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms have been associated with more undifferentiated negative emotion experiences-experiencing multiple negative emotions simultaneously. We extend previous research by asking: (a) Are depressive symptoms and negative and positive emotion differentiation related above and beyond emotion intensity? (b) Are deficits in negative emotion differentiation specific to distinct categories of negative emotions (sadness, guilt, anger, and anxiety)? and (c) Do age or gender predict emotion differentiation or its associations with depressive symptoms? METHOD In 220 community participants (59% female; 21-60 years), we assessed depressive symptoms using surveys and emotion differentiation using daily diary emotion ratings in response to daily stressful events. RESULTS Greater depressive symptoms were associated with lower negative, but not positive, emotion differentiation, above and beyond emotion intensity. Depressive symptoms were specifically related to lower differentiation among sadness-related emotions, and this sadness-specific deficit accounted for the deficit in negative emotion differentiation. Age and gender did not predict or moderate associations with emotion differentiation. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms are associated with undifferentiated negative emotions above and beyond emotion intensity, and this association appears to be driven by undifferentiated sadness-related emotions, across gender and age.
A Compiler for Agnostic Programming and Deployment of Big Data Analytics on Multiple Platforms

To run proper Big Data Analytics, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) need to acquire expertise, hardware and software, which often translates to relevant initial investments for activities not directly connected to the company's business. To reduce such investments, the TOREADOR project proposes a Big Data Analytics framework which supports users in devising their own Big Data solutions by keeping the inherent costs at a minimum, and leveraging pre-existent knowledge and expertise. Among the objectives of the TOREADOR framework is supporting developers in parallelizing and deploying their Big Data algorithms, in order to develop their own analytics solutions. This paper describes the Code-Based approach, adopted within the TOREADOR framework to parallelize users’ algorithms and deploy them on distributed platforms, via the annotation of parallelizable code portions with parallelization primitives. The approach, which relies on the guidance of Parallel Patterns to implement the parallelization, and on Skeletons to automatically build execution and deployment templates, is realized through a source-to-source Compiler, also described in the present paper.