Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and Vicariant Separation of Two River Darters, Percina uranidea and Percina vigil, from rivers that drain the North American Interior Highlands

The phylogeography and separation of two river darters, Percina uranidea and P. vigil were investigated through sequencing of the mitochondrial Cytochrome B and Cytochrome Oxidase genes. These molecular markers revealed the darters exhibit moderate genetic divergence between two large river drainage systems within the Mississippi River basin associated with the Interior Highlands of midwestern North America. An additional haplotype network analysis also supported these trends. Phylogenetic divergence dating indicated that population separation between the river systems occurred after recent Pleistocene glacial events rather than an early Pleistocene separation.
Static 2 D aperture coding for multimodal multiplex spectroscopy

We propose a new class of aperture coded spectrometer that is optimized for the spectral characterization of diffuse sources. The instrument achieves high throughput and high spectral resolution by replacing the slit of conventional dispersive spectrometers with a more complicated spatial filter. We develop a general mathematical framework for deriving the required aperture codes and discuss several appealing code families. Experimental results validate the performance of the instrument. c © 2005 Optical Society of America
Techniques and Automation in Eye Care and Vision Testing Using Smartphone

This article presents the overview of smartphone applicability in the field of ophthalmology. Eye and vision health is the most essential part in the human life span. According to the national surveys eye vision loss is the most common fear among the humans and everyone expect for good eye care facility, and desire for lifetime enjoyment of good vision. With the advancement in use of smartphone among the masses has increased exponentially. Smartphones are multifunctional electronic device with the computing capabilities and connectivity’s. Smartphone not only serve the purpose of telephone calls and texting but they have advanced multiple functionality and ability to run the advanced applications. With the dramatic rise in the need of ophthalmic devices and ophthalmic care in the health sector there is a rapid need of equipments which are cost effective and can be beneficial rural people especially for the developing nations like India where most of the population reside in rural areas under constraint conditions and low availability of health care facilities. Ophthalmological applications which are turning the smartphones into the medical devices include Peek vision app, Sightbook app, Digisight app etc.
Using Thematic Contexts and Previous Solutions for Maintaining and Accessing Institutional Repositories

Institutional Repositories are collections of digital resources organized to facilitate their long term access. Two fundamental issues that need to be addressed at the moment of implementing these repositories are their maintenance and search instruments. This article describes an intelligent tool whose goal is to overcome certain general limitations encountered in current mechanisms for managing Institutional Repositories. The novel aspects of the proposed tool are the use of previous examples to generate suggestions for cataloging incoming digital resources and the ability to refect a thematic context during the search process. The proposed tool applies casebased reasoning in combination with information retrieval techniques to take advantage of a large set of previously classified resources with the purpose of supporting the cataloger's task. The tool has been evaluated using a collection consisting of 9792 training examples from the SciELO electronic library and a test set containing 100 articles coming from diferent disciplines.
Discretionary Behavior and Racial Bias in Issuing Tra±c Tickets: Theory and Evidence

Recently, police departments, legislators, media, and the public at large in the U.S. have increasingly been concerned about racial disparities in o‐cers’ issuing tra‐c tickets. Ascertaining the extent to which an observed disparity re∞ects racial bias is the crucial issue. First, we use a theoretical model which borrows features from the recent literature regarding racial bias in vehicle searches. In our model, motorists, picking the speed to travel at, take into account the probability of getting ticketed and the speed that the o‐cer will cite, while o‐cers maximize a beneflt function generically increasing in the speed of ticketed drivers; this beneflt function, however, is general enough to allow o‐cers to give certain drivers a break by citing them at a lower speed than they were traveling. Empirically, we exploit the existence of a massive accumulation of speeding tickets at 10 m.p.h. over the speed limit to elicit o‐cers’ discretionary behavior and leniency. Surprisingly, about 30% of all ticketed drivers were cited for driving exactly at this particular speed. Using our novel measure of o‐cers’ leniency, we flnd that especially white and male o‐cers are heavily engaged in discretionary behavior. We also flnd o‐cers’ discretion is racially biased; minority o‐cers are less lenient to minority drivers. This is interesting in comparison with Antonovics and Knight (forthcoming) who, using the same data set, found evidence on own-race preferences in vehicle searches.
Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and clinical efficacyof mirtazapine in geriatric patients with major depression.

We investigated the clinical efficacy of mirtazapine in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and also examined mirtazapine's effects on the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in these patients. Fifty-eight geriatric patients with major depression were assigned to an 8-week treatment with either 15 to 45 mg/day of mirtazapine. The efficacy measurements were performed by the Clinical Global Impression rating scales (CGI). Serum BDNF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the study, mean serum BDNF level of untreated depressed patients at baseline was 23.08 ± 11.25 ng/ml and the mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score was 27.8 ± 5.4. After remission was achieved, the mean serum BDNF level was 37.15±20.48 ng/ml whereas the mean HRSD score was 9.6±4.1. After 8 weeks of treatment there was a statistically significant difference in the serum BDNF levels. Meanwhile, HRSD scores and CGI scores were decreased significantly after mirtazapine treatment. Whatever male or female patients, mirtazapine significantly improved serum BDNF levels and decreased the CGI and HRSD scores from baseline. The results showed serum BDNF levels may be considered as a marker of response to mirtazapine antidepressant treatment for Chinese geriatric patients with major depression. And mirtazapine has been an important option for the treatment of major depression in geriatric patients.
Caveolin-1 regulates proliferation and metastasis of human breast cancer cells by activating Her-2

Caveolin-1 is an important gene in breast cancer. Based on the analysis of cellular and molecular levels. Further discussions on the regulation of phosphorylation of Her-2 Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and roles in the Akt/ERK pathway have been made. We selected 50 cases of invasive breast cancer tissues and used immunohistochemical techniques to assess cav-1, and to understand its relationship with EGFR, Her-2, Ki-67 expression as well as with other conventional clinico-pathological parameters. Ectopic expression of cav-1 in human breast cancer cell lines was performed to investigate changes in cellular proliferation, migration. The role of cav-1 in p-Her-2 expression and signaling was evaluated by Western blot. The expression of Cav-1 is associated with Cav-1 and Her-2/p-Her-2 and malignance in the breast tissue. The expression of Cav-1 is associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Cav-1 expression at higher levels of human breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability has changed, with the increase of EGF stimulation. Cav-1 had no obvious effect on total expression of Her-2, but can regulate the phosphorylation level of Her-2, under the EGF stimulation; it can decline activation levels of Akt/ERK pathway. Cav-1 may promote the growth of breast cancer cells via enhancing EGF-induced Her-2 activation (phosphorylation) and downstream signal transduction.
Moving from pattern to process: Coexistence mechanisms under intermediate disturbance regimes

Coexistence mechanisms that require environmental variation to operate contribute importantly to the maintenance of biodiversity. One famous hypothesis of diversity maintenance under disturbance is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH). The IDH proposes patterns of peaked diversity under intermediate disturbance regimes, based on a tension between competitively superior species and species which can rapidly colonize following disturbance. We review the literature, and describe recent research that suggests that more than one underlying mechanism can generate this unimodal diversity pattern in disturbed environments. Several exciting emerging research areas are identified, including interactions between disturbance types, operation of the IDH in multi-trophic systems, and changes in disturbance regimes. However, empirical work is still focussed on describing the IDH pattern, with little emphasis on identifying its mechanistic basis. We discuss how to extend methods for identifying different coexistence mechanisms, developed in the theoretical literature, to experimental research. In an attempt to operationalize these various ideas we outline a hypothetical IDH research programme. A solid understanding of the life history attributes of the component species and their responses to disturbance will facilitate identification of the coexistence mechanism(s) underlying the IDH pattern, and provide a framework by which empirical and theoretical results can be more fully integrated.
Attitudes of Elderly People towards Assistive System: Influence of Amortization Barriers on the Adherence in Technically Assisted Rehabilitation and the Diffusion of Health Technologies

Due to the current demographic change the demand for comprehensive care concepts for elderly is increasing. The numbers of incidence and prevalence of diseases and consequential disabilities are constantly rising. Integration of assistive technologies and services in healthcare processes represent a promising possibility to tackle care related challenges in an effective and sustainable way. A barely researched obstacle to human-machine interaction, especially to elderly users of assistive systems, was detected during an earlier clinical trial. This obstacle is called amortization barriers and describes the effect of users not having the need to buy a new device before not fully exploiting all functions of the current. The associated negative effect on adherence is described by qualitative and quantitative data. Additionally concrete advice for compensation is derived.
Multiple-output microwave single-photon source using superconducting circuits with longitudinal and transverse couplings

Single-photon devices at microwave frequencies are important for applications in quantum information processing and communication in the microwave regime. In this work we describe a proposal of a multioutput single-photon device. We consider two superconducting resonators coupled to a gap-tunable qubit via both its longitudinal and transverse degrees of freedom. Thus, this qubit-resonator coupling differs from the coupling in standard circuit quantum-electrodynamic systems described by the Jaynes-Cummings model. We demonstrate that an effective quadratic coupling between one of the normal modes and the qubit can be induced and this induced second-order nonlinearity is much larger than that for conventional Kerr-type systems exhibiting photon blockade. Assuming that a coupled normal mode is resonantly driven, we observe that the output fields from the resonators exhibit strong sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics and photon antibunching. Contrary to previous studies on resonant photon blockade, the first-excited state of our device is a pure single-photon Fock state rather than a polariton state, i.e., a highly hybridized qubit-photon state. In addition, it is found that the optical state truncation caused by the strong qubit-induced nonlinearity can lead to an entanglement between the two resonators, even in their steady state under the Markov approximation.
DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF SIX DIFFERENCE VARIETIES OF PUMMELO ( Citrus maxima ( Burm . ) Merr . ) FOR RESISTANCE TO HUANGLONGBING USING RAPD MARKERS

Six Pummelo cultivars : Raja, Ratu, Pangkajahe Merah, Pangkajahe Putih, Nambangan, and Magetan were inoculated with Candidatus L. asiaticus to assess variability on resistance to Huanglongbing. Diversity was observed based on disease intensity, molecular confirmation of Candidatus L.asiaticus in plant tissues, and molecular variability of pummelo by RAPD analysis. Pangkajahe Putih was assessed being resistance to HLB by 0% in disease intensity and negative result in molecular confirmation of Candidatus L. asiaticus. RAPD analysis obtained an assessment that 865 bp fragment was associated with susceptible to HLB. Keyword : Pummelo, variability, resistance, Huanglongbing, RAPD
Laboratory surveillance of co-circulating respiratory viruses and enteroviruses during the 2009 H 1 N 1 influenza pandemic

During the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, many people presented at emergency rooms and clinics with influenzalike illnesses (ILI) but many of them were infected by non-influenza respiratory virueses. Enhanced surveillance and diagnosis of etiological agents of ILI has the potential to guide timing of public health interventions and to reduce healthcare costs. Our laboratory routinely tests specimens submitted by more than 100 sentinel sites of the Maryland influenza outpatient surveillance network (ILINet) for respiratory viral pathogens that can cause ILI symptoms. Molecular testing is used for laboratory identificaiton of influenza virus while detection of other respiratory viruses is performed using culture-based method. From May 2009–April 2010, 8370 specimens were submitted for respiratory virus testing. 4998 (60%) were negative for influenza viruses. Of the 3372 positives, 3257 (97%) were 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1); and 56 (2%) were seasonal influenza A or B viruses. Selected PCR negative specimens were inoculated in cell culture for identification and subsequently tested by immuno-fluorescent assay for the presence of non-influenza respiratory virses. 164 viruses including parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, adenoviruses, rhinovirues and enterovirues were found to be the etiological agents. Expanded testing capacity in the MD DHMH to support pandemic influenza surveillance since late April 2009 greatly increased our ability to conduct laboratory testing. Active surveillance of a wide range of respiratory viral pathogens allows the continual monitoring of circulating viral strains in Maryland.
Benchmarking TensorFlow on a personal computer not specialised for machine learning

Many recent advancement of modern technologies can be attributed to the rapid growth of the machine learning field and especially deep learning. A big challenge for deep learning is that the learning process can be very time-consuming. TensorFlow is a framework which allows developers to make use of GPUs and other processing units in order to tackle this and other tasks involved in machine learning. In this study we benchmark and investigate the performance of TensorFlow in terms of images per second on a personal computer not specialised for machine learning. We investigate how the performance when training different convolutional neural networks is affected by batch size and available GPU memory capacity. We also profile the execution. Our results suggest that increasing the memory capacity of the GPU can be beneficial both for being able to train network using larger batch sizes but also for improving performance in some situations. We also conclude that improving the GPU, rather than the CPU, has greater potential for improving performance, but to what extent differs significantly between network models. Furthermore, using a power of two for batch size appears to be advantageous for performance.
Comparison of epsilon aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid to control postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery-A randomised double blind trial

Introduction In cardiac surgery, postoperative bleeding is associated with an increased incidence of surgical reexploration, increased use of blood and blood products, significant morbidity such as renal failure, sepsis, arrhythmias,etc. and increased mortality. Pharmacological therapy to reduce bleeding in the postoperative period of CPB had been studied since the report by Mammem et al with Aprotinin in 1968. At present, three antifibrinolytic agents—two synthetic [Epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA), Tranexamic acid (TA)] and one natural (Aprotinin)—are available for clinical use. Aprotinin has shown its effectiveness in reducing postoperative hemorrhage in more than 40 randomized clinical trials and 2 meta-analyses. In addition, there are concerns about potential thrombosisrelated side effects and allergic reactions with antifibrinolytic agents. For these reasons, prophylactic use of Aprotinin was often limited to patients at high risk for bleeding (e.g. reoperations) or those for whom transfusions were not acceptable because of religious beliefs (e.g. Jehovah's Witnesses). Epsilon amino caproic acid and Tranexamic acid are antifibrinolytic agents that do not have the increased risk of anaphylaxis upon re-exposure. Treatment with either EACA/Tranexamic acid (TA) prior to CPB had been shown to reduce blood loss in perioperative period. Many trials were conducted to compare EACA or TA with placebo, but very few studies (done by Pinolsky et al, Maineri et al, and Hardy JF et al) were conducted for comparison of EACA and TA in cardiac surgery. So this study was done using Tranexamic acid to compare against Epsilon amino caproic acid. Also, a placebo control group was not used for this study since the efficacy of the antifibrinolytic drugs has been established in the literature. So it would have been unethical to conduct placebo control study. Aim and objective of the study were mentioned below:
The zCOSMOS redshift survey: evolution of the light in bulges and discs since z ~ 0.8

We studied the chronology of galactic bulge and disc formation by analysing the relative contributions of these components to the B-band rest-frame luminosity density at different epochs. We present the first estimate of the evolution of the fraction of rest-frame B-band light in galactic bulges and discs since redshift z ∼ 0.8. We performed a bulge-to-disc decomposition of HST/ACS images of 3266 galaxies in the zCOSMOS-bright survey with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 0.9. We find that the fraction of B-band light in bulges and discs is (26 ± 4)% and (74 ± 4)%, respectively. When compared with rest-frame B-band measurements of galaxies in the local Universe in the same mass range (109 M⊙ ⪉ M ⪉ 1011.5 M_{⊙}), we find that the B-band light in discs decreases by 30% from z ∼ 0.7-0.9 to z ∼ 0, while the light from the bulge increases by 30% over the same period of time. We interpret this evolution as the consequence of star formation and mass assembly processes, as well as morphological transformation, which gradually shift stars formed at half the age of the Universe from star-forming late-type/irregular galaxies to earlier types and ultimately into spheroids. Based on observations obtained at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT), Paranal, Chile, as part of the Large Program 175.A-0839 (the zCOSMOS Spectroscopic Redshift Survey).
Effect of Mobile Number Portability Adoption on Consumer Switching Intention

The paper proposes a model that helps to explain consumer behaviour towards Mobile Number Portability (MNP) policy and the influence of MNP adoption factors on consumer switching intention process in the telecommunication industry. The proposed model was tested using data from a cross-section of 736 subscribers of six global companies in Ghana’s mobile telecommunication industry, where MNP has been introduced. The findings indicate that MNP adoption can positively influence consumer switching. The effects of MNP adoption on switching intention is realised through three main channels; directly through MNP-induced self-efficacy (or switching efficacy) and indirectly through perceived switching costs and attitude towards switching. The proposed model helps explain about 50% of switching intention. The paper discusses implications of the findings to marketing theory and practice and provides directions for future research. The paper advances our knowledge in the impact of government/industrial policy on consumer behaviour in marketing.
Molecular-Based Equations of State for Associating Fluids: A Review of SAFT and Related Approaches

We present a review of recent advances in the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT). In contrast to the “chemical theory”, in which nonideality is explained in terms of chemical reactions between the species, SAFT and similar approaches relate nonideality to the intermolecular forces involved. Such physical theories can be tested against molecular simulations, and improvements to the theory can be made where needed. We describe the original SAFT approach and more recent modifications to it. Emphasis is placed on pointing out that SAFT is a general method and not a unique equation of state. Applications to a wide variety of fluids and mixtures are reviewed, including aqueous mixtures and electrolytes, liquid−liquid immiscible systems, amphiphilic systems, liquid crystals, polymers, petroleum fluids, and high-pressure phase equilibria.
On Tail Index Estimation Using Dependent , Heterogeneous Data

In this paper we analyze the asymptotic properties of the popularly used distribution tail estimator by B. Hill (1975), for heavy-tailed heterogenous, dependent processes. We prove the Hill estimator is weakly consistent for functionals of mixingales and L1-approximable processes with regularly varying tails, covering ARMA, GARCH, and many IGARCH and FIGARCH processes. Moreover, for functionals of processes nearepoch-dependent on a mixing process, we prove a Gaussian distribution limit exists. In this case, as opposed to all existing prior results in the literature, we do not require the limiting variance of the Hill estimator to be bounded, and we develop a Newey-West kernel estimator of the variance. We expedite the theory by defining "extremal mixingale" and "extremal NED" properties to hold exclusively in the extreme distribution tails, disbanding with dependence restrictions in the non-extremal support, and prove a broad class of linear processes are extremal NED. We demonstrate that for greater degrees of serial dependence more tail information is required in order to ensure asymptotic normality, both in theory and practice.