Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a low repetition rate passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser in an all-normal dispersion cavity

The lasing characteristics of a 365 kHz low repetition rate Yb-doped fiber laser operated in an all-normal dispersion cavity and mode-locked by the nonlinear polarization rotation mechanism are investigated in detail. As the pump power increases, the laser exhibits two transition routes when evolved from the continuous-wave (CW) state to the mode-locked (ML) state. In one evolution route the Q-switched mode-locked (QML) state is sandwiched between the CW and ML states, whereas in the other more interesting evolution route the hysteresis transition between the CW and ML states is found for the first time. Under the mode-locking operation, the laser generates sub-nanosecond pulses with linear dependence of pulsewidth on bandwidth under different pump powers, indicating the presence of giant linear chirps on the laser output pulses.
Microflora On The Skin Of European Eel (Anguilla Anguilla L., 1758) Sampled From Creek Yuvarlakçay, Turkey

Bacterial skin microflora of eel obtained from Mugla (Turkey) province were studied. The aerobic bacteria associated with skin and slime were estimated using the dilution plate technique. The dominant bacterial species were Pseudomonas spp. (17.23%), Acinetobacter baumannii (15.51%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (12.05%). A lower frequency of Gram-positive bacteria (18.93%) was found in samples.
Essays in Banking and Production

Chapter 1 “Market Power and Cost Efficiencies in Banking” A merger wave during the last 20 years has led to a decrease in the number of commercial banks from 12,343 in 1990 to 6,222 in 2012. For anti-trust and regulatory agencies, evaluating the relative importance of market power and cost efficiencies that result from a horizontal merger is important. To quantify these two effects, I develop an empirical model of banking which includes a demand model for differentiated products that allows market power effects to be calculated and a cost model that quantifies cost efficiencies from a merger. Since most of these banks operate in more than one market, incorporating the network structure of branches in the analysis is important. Cost parameters related to the network structure are estimated using moment inequality methods. Using the estimated parameters, I simulate mergers between banks of various sizes. I find that for a merger between 2 small banks (less than 500 branches), cost efficiencies play an important role in profitability. While for mergers involving a large bank (more than 500 branches) and a small bank or two large banks, the benefits accruing from market power are far more than the cost savings if there is substantial overlap in the networks of the merging banks. Although mergers involving large banks generate more market power, overall consumer welfare increases as the price effect of market power gets dominated by the consumer’s preference for a larger bank. Chapter 2 “Market Structure and Growth of Banking in Rural Markets” The passage of the Riegle-Neal act in 1994 enabled banks to expand their network of branches across the United States. Since rural markets are often seen as unattractive destinations for banks due to the lack of commercial activities, this could possibly lead to a lower branch density in rural markets relative to the larger metropolitan markets. Hence it is important to understand the underlying dynamics governing the market structure in these rural areas. In this paper, we study the incentive structure governing branching growth in rural banking markets in the United States. We develop and estimate a dynamic oligopoly model with a rich state space. We find that one-branch banks have a very different incentive structure than other banks in that they generate most of the revenue from non-interest income such as fund-management fees, loan-arrangement fees and by selling insurance. Banks with more than one branch generate revenue using the traditional method of collecting deposits and
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh manajemen persediaan terhadap kinerja perusahaan dan menguji pengaruh strategi bersaing terhadap hubungan antara manajemen persediaan dan kinerja.Secara khusus penelitian ini ingin menguji pengaruh strategi bersaing (low cost dan differentiation) terha

The purpose of this study is to test the effect of provision management to the company performance and test the effect competing strategy to the relation of provision and performance management. Especially, this study will test competing strategy (low cost and differentiation) to the company performance. This study use quantitative approach with manufactur company financial information as secondary data obtained from Thompson Reuteurs database and Indonesian Stock Exchange 2011 period. While regression model used to test the research hypothesis. The study started with preparation and financial data and reference finding related to the issue. Then financial and other supporting data collecting. Financial data matched with research variable obtained from Indonesian Stock Exchange in the form of audit financial statement and annual data statement. The data then will be tabulated, processed, analized and concluded. E-Views 7 is used as the processing data software. The result tells about: first, there is a positive and significant relationship between provision management and company performance. Second, it's proved that the strategy has an effect of strengthening the relation of provision management and company performance. It's concluded that provision management affect company performance and related with competing strategy of the
New Paradigm of T cell Signaling: Learning from Malignancies

T cells are key mediators of cell-mediated immunity. Their functions and proliferation result from T cell-specific receptor signaling (TCR/CD28) that activates the NF-κB, NFAT, Ras-MAPK, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Their development and activation also involve a complex array of signaling pathways that regulate gene expression networks, including signaling of mTOR, Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and toll-like receptors. Furthermore, recent discoveries have provided two molecular hallmarks of potential generality: miRNA patterns and polycomb-mediated epigenetic reprogramming, which can strongly coordinate the balance between molecular networks in lymphocytes. Their deregulation apparently causes T cell disorders, such as T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)-induced adult T cell leukemia (ATL). This review continues with a description of our understanding of crosstalk among the signaling pathways, which contribute to the highly orchestrated development of T cell fate specification under both normal physiological and pathological conditions.
Unique carbon-nano-structure for high quality electron-emitter to be employed in a variety of applications

Recibido el 12 de octubre de 2007; aceptado el 9 de agosto de 2008There have been many trials to employ nano-carbon materials, such as carbon-nano-tubes and nano-diamond ﬁlms, as electron-emitter.Several reasons exist why the nano-carbon materials are good for the emitter. They are, in addition to (a) unique morphological shapesof the materials good for the emitter– the high aspect ratio of the carbon-nano-tube is a good example–, (b) sturdiness(they can even beformed in a plasma), (c) high thermal conductivity (current density in the electron-emitting-nano-structure is high, thus it is vital to provideeffective Joule-heat dissipation), and (d) easiness of the fabrication of the electron-emitting carbon materials. In order to fabricate goodelectron emitters, we have long been trying to employ a variety of fabrication CVD methods and fabricating conditions (starting CVD gas,pressure, temperature, substrate materials and so on). Then recently our emitters have shown a world-top-ranking property: very low turn-on-voltage(0.5V/
Switching of vertical giant magnetoresistance devices by current through the device

Experiments are reported that demonstrate current-perpendicular-to-the-plane giant magnetoresistance devices can be switched repeatably between the high- and low-resistance states by passing current vertically through the structure. The lithographically patterned devices, having diameters in the range of 0.3–0.7 μm, operate at room temperature and exhibit distinctly separate switching of the soft and hard layers. Designs for magnetoelectronic random access memory can utilize this scheme for storing and reading information.
Laktam Antibiyotiklere Geç Reaksiyonların Tanısı DIAGNOSIS OF NONIMMEDIATE REACTIONS TO β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS

Turkiye Klinikleri J Allergy-Asthma 2004, 6 123 β-laktamlar, özellikle penisilinler, birkaç çe şit allerjik reaksiyona neden olabilirler. Bunlar son i laç tatbiki ile reaksiyon ba şlangıcı arasındaki süreye göre, erken, ivmelenmi ş veya geç olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Bu terminoloji daha basite indirgenerek erken veya geç reaksiyonlardan söz edilebilir. Erke n tip, ilacın verilmesinden sonraki ilk saat içinde g örülürken; klinik olarak ürtiker ve/veya anjiyoödem, rinit, bronkospazm ve anafilaktik şok ile kendini gösterir. 2,3 Geç reaksiyonlar, ilaç tatbikinden sonra 1 saatten daha geç ortaya çıkar. Belli ba şlı geç reakβ-Laktam Antibiyotiklere Geç Reaksiyonların Tanısı
INDIVIDUAL VALUES: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE REDEFINITION OF THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ORGANIZATIONS

The objective of this article is to explain how individuals define Information Technology (IT) in organizations, based on their values. Individual values influence the actions, with repercussions on the redefinitions of the use of technology. The social construction of reality and the vision of the IT user as an agent in the use of the technology are premises of this essay. The discussion presented is based on the idea that the structure of technology is built through practice, and that individual values, beliefs and expectations will influence the use of IT. A conceptual model is proposed, to be empirically tested, which presents different types of IT use and their effects on the technology. The justifications and motivations for these uses are associated with the individual values.
Diel dynamics of chlorophylls in high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll waters of the equatorial Pacific (180°): Interactions of growth, grazing, physiological responses, and mixing

[1] In situ diel variations of extracted chlorophyllous pigments, beam attenuation by particles (cp), and in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence (Fiv) were investigated during a 5-day time series in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters of the equatorial Pacific (date line = 180°). Samples were taken hourly at 10 depths in the upper 100 m during the first 48 hours, then sampling frequency decreased to 3 hours. In the 30–70 m layer the integrated chlorophyll concentrations, cp, and Fiv increased during the light period, but the minima and, especially, maxima were not fully synchronized. The lowest values of total chlorophyll a (Tchl a = chlorophyll a + divinyl-chlorophyll a) occurred around 5–6 hours, slightly (0–2 hours) before that of cp and Fiv. Tchl a reached a maximum around 1500 hours ± 1 hour, clearly before cp (1700 hours) and Fiv (1900 hours). In the 0–30 m layer, diel variations of the integrated chlorophyll concentrations, cp, and Fiv were clearly out of phase. They showed a nocturnal increase in Tchl a, starting around midnight and peaking in early morning (0900 hours). In contrast, cp increased only during the light period in the upper 30 m, and variations of Fiv were largely opposite to those of extracted Tchl a. Specific phytoplankton growth (μ0) and grazing loss (g) rates were estimated from diel variations in the 30–70 m layer and compared to independent rate estimates from experimental incubations. These results are discussed in the context of physical processes and physiological responses of the cells to the daily photocycle.
Influence of Ammonia Concentration on 15N-ammonia Incorporation and de novo Amino Acid Synthesis by the Non-cellulolytic Ruminal Bacteria, Prevotella bryantii B14, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 and Streptococcus bovis ES1

The influence of ammonia concentration on 15N-ammonia incorporation and de novo synthesis of amino acids by three predominant non-cellulolytic species of ruminal bacteria, Prevotella bryantii B14, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 and Streptococcus bovis ES1, was investigated. The medium contained pancreatic casein hydrolysate (comprising mainly peptides with some amino acids) at a concentration of 1 g/litre and additions of graded concentrations of 15NH4Cl. When the initial concentration of ammonia increased from 0.045 to 0.436 g N/L in the growth medium, the proportion of cellular nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen derived from ammonia by P. bryantii and S. ruminantium increased (ranging from 0.33 to 0.84 for cellular-nitrogen and from 0.23 to 0.67 for amino acid-nitrogen) (P0.05). Glutamate and aspartate were the most highly labelled amino acids with 15N, whereas 15N enrichment in proline was lower than that in other amino acids in all species, followed by phenylalanine in P. bryantii, lysine in S. ruminantium and phenylalanine, valine and lysine in S. bovis, indicating preferential incorporation of these amino acids from pancreatic casein hydrolysate. The results of the present study, thus, suggest that the concentration of ammonia has an important effect on de novo synthesis of bacterial cellular-nitrogen and amino acids in the non-cellulolytic ruminal bacteria and this effect depends on bacterial species.
Physicochemical Analysis of Pomegranate of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

Juice can be considered as an important and functional ingredient in food products. The aim of current study was to screen and compare the physico-chemical properties of some indigenous species of pomegranate in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) Pakistan. Fruits were collected from three tehsil regions of GB i.e. Bagrote, Jalalabad and Heramosh valleys. The fruits were washed, peeled off and arils were separated. Fresh juice was prepared from the arils and physico-chemical properties were evaluated. The pH of juice was found in the range of 2.4 (Sour, Jutial Gilgit) to 3.9 (sweet, Jalalabad). Comparative to other areas, pomegranate species of the Jutial exhibited higher total soluble solids (TSS) as 11.5 (sour) 14.5 (sweet) 14.2 (doom). The proximate reducing sugar analysis showed the higher content of reducing sugars in Sweet >Doom >Sour varieties. Lowest average ash and moisture content was observed in sour and higher was determined in sweet varieties.
Milk amyloid a and selected serum proteins in cows suffering from mastitis

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis on the concentrations of mammary associated isotype of serum amyloid A (M-SAA) in milk samples, as well as on the concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and some other biochemical variables in blood serum of dairy cows (n = 41). The concentrations of aforementioned variables were measured in 4 groups of cows divided according to the results of the clinical examination of the udder and to the results of California Mastitis Test (CMT): group 1 – cows without clinical changes on the mammary gland and with negative CMT, group 2 – cows without clinical changes on the mammary gland and with weakly positive CMT, group 3 – cows without clinical changes on the mammary gland and with strongly positive CMT and group 4 – cows with clinical changes on the mammary gland and changes in milk appearance. The concentrations of M-SAA were analyzed also in 145 quarter’s milk samples which were categorized according to the same criteria as cows used in the study. By the evaluation of M-SAA concentrations in composite milk samples we found significantly the highest mean value in cows with clinical signs of mastitis. Similar findings were recorded in the M-SAA concentrations in quarter’s milk samples. Moreover, higher concentrations of M-SAA were found also in samples from mammary quarters without clinical changes and positive CMT. The analyses of Hp and SAA concentrations showed a trend of higher values in cows with clinical mastitis. The lowest mean concentration of albumin we found in cows with clinical signs of mastitis. Our results indicate elevated production of M-SAA in cows with clinical changes on mammary gland, and suggest the usefulness of this indicator also in the diagnosing of sub-clinical mastitis. Acute phase proteins, mammary gland, dairy cattle, biochemical variables
A Pilot Study of Project-Based Learning in General Chemistry for Engineers

Engineering education cannot expect to meet the demands of a global, diverse, and knowledge-based society without addressing the well-established issue of student retention. Change Chem is a curriculum reform model created to address this issue for freshman, in particular, traditionally underrepresented student groups. This paper reports on a pilot study of Change Chem, which uses collaborative problem-based learning with model-eliciting activities to transform the discussion section of general chemistry so as to better retain freshman who are engineering majors. The study involved a quasi-experimental design with a treatment (i.e. reformed curriculum) and comparison condition (i.e. business as usual) that was completed over a two-semester sequence. Across the two courses, 530 students consented to participation. Participant outcomes were compared at the course level (treatment group vs. comparison group). In addition, female students and students who were classified as underrepresented ethnic minorities were identified as a single group (i.e. target group) so that their outcomes could be compared across the courses (treatment vs. comparison). After the first course, all groups gained in their perception of learning, but students in the comparison condition had higher grades. Selfefficacy and professional persistence decreased for students using Change Chem. After the second course, Change Chem performed equal to or better than the comparison on all variables. In fact, the Change Chem group increased in three key variables: perception of learning, confidence in their math and science abilities and exposure to project-based learning. This may suggest a treatment effect that requires a longer duration. These results indicate that Change Chem supports learning and motivation for all students, important elements for long-term retention. Plans for additional re-design of the model and further study are discussed.
Made to Measure: Taming Practices with Results-based Accountability

This paper focuses on what happens when accountability regimes, represented in calculative planning processes, migrate onto situated, sociomaterial practices. Specifically, the article investigates what happens when the practices of results-based accountability (RBA) are translated into the social justice practices of locally-based community organizations. Based on the tenets of contemporary practice theory and a three-year participatory action research project with community organizations in Australia, the study illustrates that performance measurement and accountability frameworks such as RBA are not technologies that peer and measure innocently and disinterestedly from a distance. Rather, RBA, as a bundle of material-discursive practices, is part of the performance measuring apparatus creating differences that include some things and exclude others. We articulate some of the organizing practices of social justice in a locally-based community organization, follow their translation into RBA planning practices and then return to analyse the introduction of RBA practices into the daily work of an organization. In this way, we demonstrate how situated and ongoing practices begin to unravel through intra-action with RBA boundary-making practices and its redrawn relations of accountability.
Evaluation of different internal standards for precious metals quantification

The current study involved the evaluation of five different internal standards (Sc, Co, Y, In and La) as well as normal external or direct calibration methods in the simultaneous quantification of all six platinum group metals (PGMs) and gold (precious metals). The use of Sc as internal standard in the quantitative determination of precious metals in a liquid reference material (RM) and the geological Pyroxenite CRM was shown to yield excellent recoveries (> 99%) compared to the other metals used as internal standard in this study and the direct calibration method (> 91 %). Os recovered only 89% of the expected metal content. The evaluation of different proposed models (wavelength combinations, ionization and/or excitation energy) did not succeed in identifying or discriminating between the unsuccessful and successful internal standards. The robustness of the Sc internal standard addition method was evaluated with the variation in solution matrix (addition of HCl and NaCl). The analytical method (total metal recovery) proved to be very sensitive to elevated unmatched HCl matrix levels (above 1.0 mL of HCl (32% v/v) added) and Na + addition larger than 4 ppm sodium using ICP-OES. KEY WORDS : Internal standard, Scandium, Precious metals, Spectrometric techniques, ICP-OES Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2016 , 30(1), 55-70. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v30i1. 5
Water Resources, Water Quality and Human Health in Regions of Extreme Stress: Middle East

Water is the most important natural resource in the Arab World and will only become more important in the future. Water demand generally rises in conjunction with population increase and economic growth. Water shortage and scarcity will add a layer of political uncertainty in the region and potential conflicts may appear in several countries and may expand to more countries that share the same water source or groundwater aquifer. The symptoms and influences of climate change in the Arab region have been expressed in extreme harsh environments affecting all components and levels of societies and economies. Elevated poverty, food and water scarcity, migration and instability, flooding and catastrophes, diseases and mortality, are all real examples. This review aims to summarize the multi-disciplinary issues of the water crisis in the Arab World; to review the recent available data and information describing the status of water in the region; to highlight the urgency for synergy and integration in all scales and levels; and to propose scientific and affordable mitigation measures and solutions for the survival of the existing and coming generations.
Knowledge for water governance: Trends, limits, and challenges

Current discourse about water governance in Western countries is strongly influenced by approaches such as integrated, adaptive and participatory water management. These approaches put different demands on the production and application of knowledge in water governance processes, but mainly implicitly and without attention for the possible limits and trade-offs between these demands. In this article I explicate the role of knowledge within these various paradigms based upon an initial literature review and find out to what extent these demands are taken into account in two recent Dutch water governance programs with regard to flood safety. This theoretical exploration and empirical illustration results in a critical reflection on the limits and trade-offs between these various demands and suggest some lines for a research agenda about organizing knowledge for water governance which are different from the dominant perspectives currently dominating the literature on adaptive, integrated and participatory water management.