Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operational problems of constructed wetland for landfill leachate treatment: case study

The present paper discusses the quality fluctuations of leachate from municipal land fill in Gdansk (Poland) over the last 5 years and the evaluation of a wetland system de signed for treatment of the leachate. The research has been conducted during a 5-year period. The constructed wetland for leachate treatment was built in 2001; it consists of 2 horizontal subsurface flow reed beds, working in parallel. In the period 2005–2006 it underwent modernization due to unsatisfactory treatment results caused by bed clogging. After the modernization the treatment effectiveness is satisfactory. The effluent from bed I met Polish outflow standards, while in the effluent from bed II COD, total N and TSS exceeded the required concentrations. In spite of this, pre-treatment of leachate (iron removal) should be quickly introduced to protect the system against the reoccurrence of clogging problems.
Design of an Intelligent Tool for the Observation and Follow-Up of Lockout Procedures during Maintenance Activities on Industrial Machines

Workers performing maintenance, repair and un-jamming operations on industrial machines and processes are required to follow lockout procedures in accordance with occupational health and safety regulations. However, industries seem to have difficulties in the appropriation and implementation of lockout. Reports of severe accidents, often fatal, involving industrial machinery show the extent of the problem concerning the application of lockout procedures. In this context, an intelligent tool incorporated at the design stage of a machine, which helps to apply and record lockout procedures, could be useful. Thereby, the design of a laboratory prototype has been explored for a particular maintenance task on an automated plastic injection moulding machine. Its architecture has been based on three electronic cards, sensors and wireless communications. Despite the limitations of the current version of the tool, the feasibility of designing an intelligent tool capable of following and recording lockout procedures is demonstrated.
Economic Integration in Africa – Overview, Progress and Challenges

State and government leaders of the African Union are strongly committed to adopt and implement decisions for regional integration, seen as a common strategy for the development of the continent. The major objective at continental level is the establishment of the African Economic Community as the last of six consecutive stages of integration, including the strengthening of inter-sectoral cooperation and the establishment of regional free trade areas, monetary union, common market, monetary and economic union, covering the entire continent. Currently there are 16 Regional economic communities in Africa and 8 of them are officially recognized as the foundation for the development of the African economic community. In our paper we review their goals, their main achievements and issues and also the progress made in the integration process and the challenges it faces.
Quintic B-spline method for numerical solution of fourth order singular perturbation boundary value problems

In this communication, we have studied an ecient numerical ap- proach based on uniform mesh for the numerical solutions of fourth order singular perturbation boundary value problems. Such type of problems arises in various elds of science and engineering, such as electrical network and vi- bration problems with large Peclet numbers, Navier-Stokes ows with large Reynolds numbers in the theory of hydrodynamics stability, reaction-diusion process, quantum mechanics and optimal control theory etc. In the present study, a quintic B-spline method has been discussed for the approximate solu- tion of the fourth order singular perturbation boundary value problems. The convergence analysis is also carried out and the method is shown to have con- vergence of second order. The performance of present method is shown through some numerical tests. The numerical results are compared with other existing method available in the literature.
Structural aspects of shrubs in Mediterranean-type plant communities

It is the purpose of this contribution to discuss the adaptive value of a few morphological characteristics of shrubs of mediterranean-type ecosystems. Structural characters, such as the crypts in the leaf epidermis of some sclerophyllous shrub species, the smooth bark of many chaparra1 shrubs, which increases stem flow and thus adds water and fertilizer to the root crown area which is specially high in fine-root density, or the presence of vasicentric tracheids in the wood of drought supporting shrubs, seem ideally “designed” to improve shrub response to drought conditions. However, experimental evidence for the adaptive value of these structures is widely missing. The phenomorphological analysis of the plants of medieterranean-type ecosystems has the potential to improve the objectivity of scrub vegetation comparisons and to elucidate the adaptive value of these structural features. Overall, it is concluded that suites of anatomical features and not single characters decide upon the adaptive value of morphological properties.
PI3K/MEK pathway-targeted therapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma

Abstract Pulmonary carcinogenesis is a chronic process that involves multiple genetic, cellular and tissue alterations, resulting from changes in genes that regulate growth, differentiation and apoptosis, which eventually lead to the development of invasive or metastatic cancer. Lung cancer is divided into two groups: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); the latter is more prevalent in the population since it represents approximately 75% of all lung tumours. During the development of NSCLC, different molecular events occur that include the loss of heterozygosity, epigenetic mutations in p53, KRAS and changes in receptor (EGFR), amplification of the cMET epidermal growth factor and microsatellite instability. It is important to note that mutations present in the EGFR are prevalent in adenocarcinomas of non-smoking, whereas in adenocarcinomas of the smokers are mutations in KRAS. Different molecular studies have reported changes in signalling pathways that contribute to lung tumorigenesis. Some of them involve the EGFR and KRAS, cMET AKT proteins. EGFR has been associated with carcinogenesis and progression of the tumour through different mechanisms as the overexpression of the receptor and the ligand, as well as also through various mutations, which are associated with the activation of different signalling pathways.
A Bernstein–von Mises theorem for smooth functionals in semiparametric models

A Bernstein–von Mises theorem is derived for general semiparametric functionals. The result is applied to a variety of semiparametric problems in i.i. d. and non-i.i. d. situations. In particular, new tools are developed to handle semiparametric bias, in particular for nonlinear functionals and in cases where regularity is possibly low. Examples include the squared L2-norm in Gaussian white noise, nonlinear functionals in density estimation, as well as functionals in autoregressive models. For density estimation, a systematic study of BvM results for two important classes of priors is provided, namely random histograms and Gaussian process priors.
On the limit existence principles in elementary arithmetic and Σ 0 n-consequences of theories

We study the arithmetical schema asserting that every eventually decreasing elementary recursive function has a limit. Some other related principles are also formulated. We establish their relationship with restricted parameter-free induction schemata. We also prove that the same principle, formulated as an inference rule, provides an axiomatization of the Σ2-consequences of IΣ1. Using these results we show that ILM is the logic of Π1-conservativity of any reasonable extension of parameter-free Π1-induction schema. This result, however, cannot be much improved: by adapting a theorem of D. Zambella and G. Mints we show that the logic of Π1-conservativity of primitive recursive arithmetic properly extends ILM. In the third part of the paper we give an ordinal classification of Σn-consequences of the standard fragments of Peano arithmetic in terms of reflection principles. This is interesting in view of the general program of ordinal analysis of theories, which in the most standard cases classifies Π-classes of sentences (usually Π1 or Π 0 2).
A Model of Equity Prices with Heterogeneous Beliefs

This paper analyzes the effect of interaction among heterogeneous investors on equity prices. We classify investors into three groups according to their information sets and beliefs: informed investors, trend followers, and contrarians. Then, the equity price is derived through the market clearing condition. Our model explains many anomalous phenomena in the equity markets, including excess volatility, the momentum effect, and the mean-reverting effect. Further, the empirical analysis shows that the difference in returns behavior between small- and large-cap equities in the U.S. market can be explained by differences in the composition of investors.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ICE—APPLICATIONS TO SATELLITES OF THE OUTER PLANETS 1

▪ Abstract The icy moons of the outer solar system have not been quiescent bodies, in part because many have a substantial water component and have experienced significant internal heating. We can begin to understand the thermal evolution of the moons and the rate of viscous relaxation of surface topography because we now have good constraints on how ice (in several of its polymorphic forms) flows under deviatoric stress at planetary conditions. Details of laboratory-derived flow laws for pure, polycrystalline ice are reviewed in detail. One of the more important questions at hand is the role of ice grain size. Grain size may be a dynamic quantity within the icy moons, and it may (or may not) significantly affect rheology. One recent beneficiary of revelations about grain-size-sensitive flow is the calculation of the rheological structure of Europa's outer ice shell, which may be no thicker than 20 km.
Gender and Leadership: an Approach to the Differences between Women and Men in Management

When a group of persons begins to interact, various differences between the members begin to appear. The pattern of relationships change according to the nature of the task and the most influential person became to be the leader. The aim of the present work is study whether men and women leader are fundamentally different or similar, reviewing the different relationships that exist when a group agrees a division of labour, roles, and responsibilities. It is also important to explore how the way of leadership influences the evolution of the whole group. Leaders must be chosen because of the characteristics that they possess. They should be seen as best suited to lead in particular situations and when negotiation and diplomacy are needed, interpersonal skills may outweigh the value of a dominant leader. In line with these, traditional feminine behaviour could be favoured in new business scenarios
Effects of Post Treatments on Bismuth-Doped and Bismuth/ Erbium Co-doped Optical Fibres

Bismuth-doped and bismuth/erbium co-doped optical fibres have attracted much atten - tion for their great potential in the photonic applications at ultrawide O, E, S, C and L bands. The effects of post treatments, including various heating, high energy ray radia - tion, laser radiation and H 2 loading processes, on these fibres’ performance, functionality and stability have been experimentally studied. Experimental results demonstrate that these post treatments could allow us to get insights regarding the formation and the structure of bismuth active centre (BAC) and be used to control and regulate the forma tion of BAC.
Educational complex of light-colored modeling of urban environment

Mechanisms, methodological tools and structure of a training complex of light-colored modeling of the urban environment are developed in this paper. The following results of the practical work of students are presented: light composition and installation, media facades, lighting of building facades, city streets and embankment. As a result of modeling, the structure of the light form is determined. Light-transmitting materials and causing characteristic optical illusions, light-visual and light-dynamic effects (video-dynamics and photostatics), basic compositional techniques of light form are revealed. The main elements of the light installation are studied, including a light projection, an electronic device, interactivity and relationality of the installation, and the mechanical device which becomes a part of the installation composition. The meaning of modern media facade technology is the transformation of external building structures and their facades into a changing information cover, into a media content translator using LED technology. Light tectonics and the light rhythm of the plastics of the architectural object are built up through point and local illumination, modeling of the urban ensemble assumes the structural interaction of several light building models with special light-composition techniques. When modeling the social and pedestrian environment, the lighting parameters depend on the scale of the chosen space and are adapted taking into account the visual perception of the pedestrian, and the atmospheric effects of comfort and safety of the environment are achieved with the help of special light compositional techniques. With the aim of realizing the tasks of light modeling, a methodology has been created, including the mechanisms of models, variability and complementarity. The perspectives of light modeling in the context of structural elements of the city, neuropsychology, wireless and bioluminescence technologies are proposed. Conclusions are given on the environment-forming and transforming significance of artificial light and light technologies in the space of modern city. Light-colored modeling identity is expressed in methodical and figurative-artistic continuity in the use of techniques of light composition and optical art. The use of light composition contributes to the expression of local identity by means and techniques of light composition in the context of the image, “genius loci” using the example of the Vladivostok seaside city. Identity in psychology is expressed in the personal selection of the techniques of light composition, which are used in light-colored modeling.
Cytotoxic Constituents from the Stem Bark of Alvaradoa amorphoides

The chemical study of Alvaradoa amorphoides led to the isolation of four major constituents: chrysophanol (1), β-sitosterol (2), atraric acid (3), and 17-octadecen-6-ynoic acid (4). All compounds were evaluated on in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative assays. At- raric acid and 17-octadecen-6-ynoic acid showed cytotoxic activity. Additionally, compound 4 exhibited cytotoxic activity showing a cer- tain degree of selectivity against cancer cell lines.
Observing properties of an interacting homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate: Heisenberg-limited momentum spread, interaction energy, and free-expansion dynamics

We study the properties of an atomic Bose\char21{}Einstein condensate produced in an optical-box potential, using high-resolution Bragg spectroscopy. For a range of box sizes, up to $70\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}$m, we directly observe Heisenberg-limited momentum uncertainty of the condensed atoms. We measure the condensate interaction energy with a precision of ${k}_{\mathrm{B}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}100$ pK and study, both experimentally and numerically, the dynamics of its free expansion upon release from the box potential. All our measurements are in good agreement with theoretical expectations for a perfectly homogeneous condensate of spatial extent equal to the size of the box, which also establishes the uniformity of our optical-box system on a sub-nK energy scale.
Strong Cryptography Armoured Computer Viruses Forbidding Code Analysis: the Bradley Virus 1

Imagining what the nature of future viral attacks might look like is the key to successfully protecting against them. This paper discusses how cryptography and key management techniques may definitively checkmate antiviral analysis and mechanisms. We present a generic virus, denoted bradley which protects its code with a very secure, ultra-fast symmetric encryption. Since the main drawback of using encryption in that case lies on the existence of the secret key or information about it within the viral code, we show how to bypass this limitation by using suitable key management techniques. Finally, we show that the complexity of the bradley code analysis is at least as high as that of the cryptanalysis of its underlying encryption algorithm.
Design of a sonar for fish counting

Some three years ago the Marine Laboratory commenced a study of the feasibility of making population assessments by echosounder. The species of prime interest was the herring of the northern North Sea. The study involved a review of work in progress elsewhere, a decision about the most suitable kind of equipment to use, and consideration of the statistical mathematics required for the interpretation of results. The choice of equipment, and of the resolution required, was of course influenced by the known facts about the distribution of herring. I t was felt that the counting and sizing of individual echoes would provide more information than an integration method, as it offered the prospect of classifying fish in accordance with their target strength ( T decibels). To make this a practical method for routine surveys a degree of automation was required, so that the observational task aboard ship could be kept to reasonable proportions. Since the population density of herring can be at times very high (as much as 10 or 20 per cubic metre in daylight schools) it was decided to aim for the highest degree of resolution attainable within the available funds. Our previous experience suggested that an acoustic frequency of 400 kHz was about the optimum, offering a practical range of about 150 m, and a total beamwidth of about 13", using a transducer small enough to mount in a towed body of reasonable weight, around 80 kg (Fig. 1).
Embodiment as a means for scaffolding young childrenʼssocial skill acquisition

In this paper, we discuss the notion of embodiment in the context of the ECHOES project, which aims at developing a multi-modal interactive environment for scaffolding young typically developing (TD) children and children with Asperger Syndrome (AS) in acquiring social interaction skills. Whilst, our approach to embodiment is in line with the current HCI trends, the pedagogical nature of ECHOES and the specific target users pose unusual challenges to the design and implementation of embodied interaction.
Candidate Gene Discriminating Gliomas Identification via a Supervised Iteration of Bipartitive k-Means Initialised via Partititve Division According to Principal Components

In this paper, the candidate gene discriminating gliomas identification via a supervised iteration of bipartitive k-mean is presented. Gliomas are supervisedly discriminated by identifying, via iterative bipartitive division according to principal directions initializing k-means, salient genes able to cluster representative patients, thus also giving an insight about degrees of epigenetic similarity among different kinds of gliomas
Isolation and identification of Bacteria and their drug susceptibility pattern in children to establish the correlation between childhood Septicemia with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels

Context: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality and C-reactive protein (CRP) an excellent biomarker has significant diagnostic and prognostic value for the treatment of septicemia patient. Objectives: To isolate and identify viable pathogens from blood culture and their antibiogram and to correlate CRP levels with septicemic child. Materials and Methods: A total of 273 cases among which 233 were clinically suspected septicemia cases and 40 were healthy controls in age group 0 day to 15 years were selected from United Hospital Ltd., Dhaka Bangladesh. Blood culture was analyzed by the instrument BACTEC 9120 series. CRP was measured from blood serum by the auto biochemical analyzer OLYMPUS AU 640 followed by immuno-turbidimetric method. The organisms were isolated by inoculation on blood agar and MacConkey agar media. Identification of the organisms was done by colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests. Sensitivity of isolates was done against antimicrobial agents by disc diffusing method. Results: Blood samples in total 233 cases of suspected septicemia in children were studied between the ages of 0 day to 15 years. Culture proven septicemia 39 (16.74%), probable septicemia 136 (58.37%) and nonsepticemic febrile patients 58 (24.90%) were found. The highest rate of blood culture positivity found among 5-10 yrs. age group (25.64%). Salmonella typhi (41.03%) was the most common infective agent. The rate of blood culture positivity was significantly higher (p 6 mg/l) and p value significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found when mean CRP level of proven septicemia group, probable septicemia group and non-septicemic febrile group each compared with control group. CRP concentration were significantly (p < 0.001) different among three study group. Conclusion: Most of the gram negative bacteria isolated from blood culture showed resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The predominant infective isolate was Salmonella typhi . In this study, CRP level is high (cut-off value 6 mg/l) both in proven and probable septicemia group. CRP may have a good biomarker tools in diagnostic and prognostic value. Investigation of blood culture should be done before antimicrobial therapy, DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0. 22524 J. bio-sci. 21: 99-108, 2013
The Formation of a School Text Genre Using Collaborative Writing

In this paper I analyze some e xamp les of collaborative writing in Po rtuguese,as a mother tongue,resulting in the production of a school newspaper characterized by me as ahybrid text genre. In other words, I investigate the mixing of genres in school andnon-school environmentsresulting from the process of writing in the classroom setting. The name 'hybrid text genre' is justified by the fact it appearssemioticallysimilar to other textgenres that are familiar to the indiv iduals who took part in the process described here. These genres are formed in part by literacy events that take place in students' everyday life in different social contexts. In terms of educational planning, the analysis of data shows that one can hardly predict when a text genre willshow similarities to others and that this is triggeredby the actions of the inu merousindividuals in the co mplex classroom environment, resulting in new usage and reflection about writing. This experience can trigger innovation in the teaching of a mother tongue.
Glass fiber and nanoclay reinforced polypropylene composites:morphological, thermal and mechanical properties

Hybrid composites of polypropylene (PP)/nanoclay (NC)/glass fiber (GF) were prepared by extrusion and injection molding. Molded specimens were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile and flexural tests. TEM results revealed NC particle intercalation. TGA results showed that the incorporation of clay into the GF composite improves the thermal stability of the material. The initial thermal decomposition temperatures also shifted to higher values. Incorporation of GF into PP lowers the tensile strength of the binary composite, indicating poor fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. However, introducing NC increased the strength of the ternary composites. Tensile modulus was enhanced with the incorporation of GF and further increased with an introduction of NC. Flexural strength and flexural modulus are both enhanced with an increase in GF and NC loading.