Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and analysis of knockdown resistance(kdr)gene mutations in Aedes albopictus from Haikou City

Objective To investigate the resistance to deltamethrin and permethrin in Aedes albopictus in Haikou City,and to detect the knockdown resistance(kdr)mutants of A.albopictus,elucidating the association of resistant phenotype with kdr mutation.Methods The A.albopictus samples were collected from Xinfu Island,Longtang Town,Shishan Town,Baishamen Park,and the flower market in Haikou City.Their susceptibility to deltamethrin and permethrin was tested by larval bioassay.The resistance level was determined by the R/S ratio.The kdr gene was amplified and analyzed,and the relationship between the resistant phenotype and kdr mutation was determined by Chi-square test.Results The A.albopictus samples from the flower market and Baishamen Park showed resistance to deltamethrin and permethrin,of which the flower market population had an R/S ratio of up to 436.36,indicating a high level of resistance.The A.albopictus samples from Longtang Town and Shishan Town were sensitive to permethrin,but had low(R/S ratio,9.09)and moderate(18.18)degrees of resistance to deltamethrin,respectively.The Xinfu Island population was sensitive to both deltamethrin and permethrin.The codon 1 534 kdr was detected point mutations among 317 A.albopictus samples,with two mutant alleles,TGC/C and TCC/S.The five genotypes were wild-type TTC/TTC(frequency,62.15%),wild/mutant heterozygous TTC/TGC(0.63%)and TTC/TCC(16.09%),homozygous mutant TCC/TCC(20.82%),and mutant heterozygous TGC/TCC(0.32%). Chi-square test revealed significant differences in the frequency of kdr mutant genotype between A.albopictu sensitive to the insecticides(31.97%)and those resistant to the insecticides(42.94%),P0.05. Conclusion Some A.albopictus populations in Haikou City have developed resistance to both deltamethrin and permethrin.The resistant phenotype and kdr mutant genotype are closely associated.This study has also discovered for the first time the novel TCC/S point mutation of kdr.
RESEARCH PAPER Evidence that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent a2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor antagonist

35 S]GTPgS binding assay, performed with mouse brain membranes, was used to test the ability of cannabigerol to produce G protein-coupled receptor activation or blockade. Its ability to displace [ 3 H]CP55940 from mouse CB1 and human CB2 cannabinoid receptors and to inhibit electrically evoked contractions of the mouse isolated vas deferens was also investigated. Key results: In the brain membrane experiments, cannabigerol behaved as a potent a2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 0.2 nM) and antagonized the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, R-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (apparent KB = 51.9 nM). At 10 mM, it also behaved as a CB1 receptor competitive antagonist. Additionally, cannabigerol inhibited evoked contractions of the vas deferens in a manner that appeared to be a2-adrenoceptor-mediated (EC50 = 72.8 nM) and displayed significant affinity for mouse CB1 and human CB2 receptors. Conclusions and implications: This investigation has provided the first evidence that cannabigerol can activate a2-adrenoceptors, bind to cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and block CB1 and 5-HT1A receptors. It will now be important to investigate why cannabigerol produced signs of agonism more potently in the [ 35
Evaluation of Vitamin Requirement Data

Abstract THE fact that the logarithm of the intake level of a nutrient, such as a vitamin, shows a linear relation to a corresponding growth or other biological response is not new or strange. For example, Almquist et al. (1938) reported a linear relation between the logarithm of vitamin K. intake of the chick and blood clotting power. This relation can be derived from a few simple assumptions and the reaction rate laws (Almquist, 1952a). In another example, Hegsted (1948) has emphasized the usefulness of log dose-growth response curves in the estimation of riboflavin requirement of ducklings. From a broader viewpoint, these relations are merely expressions of the Law of Diminishing Returns. It is to be expected, of course, that such a law would cease to apply after the physiological limit to the response had been reached. Furthermore, application may fail at very low levels of intake where trace quantities of .
Rhythmic Variations of the Growth Rate in Rice Embryo Revealed by Time Series Analysis

To analyze the growth of embryo of Oryza sativa cultivar, , "Nihonbare" in detail, caryopses were collected at every ninety minutes. At c.ach time, (relative) growth rate was calculated for the length and the thickness of embryo, and the time series analysis was applied to the variations of the growth rate. At first, correlogram analysis was made on the stationary growth rate and the apparent periodicity was detected as a result of the calculation. In the next place, as a pcriodogram, the correlation coefficient between the autocorrelogram and the cosine function was employed. Periodogram shows two sharp peaks and reveals the existence of two rhythms in the variations of the growth rate. In other words, the variations of the growth rate are represented by the summation of two cosine functions. Periods of two cosine functions are 5. 16 and 5.69 hrs for the growth rate in length and 5.13 and 5.67hrs in thickness. The difference of periods between the growth rate in length and in thickness is not significant. In the next place, to reveal the biological nature of two rhythms of the growth rate at the cellular level, the increasing rate in cell number on the central longitudinal section of embryo was calculated. On the carefull comparison, it was confirmed that the two rhythms of growth rate agreed very well with the variations of the increasing rate in cell nurnber except at the early stage of the development. At the early stage, both the growth rate ancl the increasing rate in cell number seem to show arhythmicity. Therefore, it is considered that the two rhythms of growth rate reflect the rhythinicity of cell divisions. However, tho two rhythms do not exist at the beginning, and appear in the early period of the development. The existence of the two rhythms indicates that the cells divide synchronously in two regions. The authol- supposes that the two rhythms correspond to the synchronous cell divisions at the two growing points in plumule and radicle.
Galectin-9 inhibits B cell receptor (BCR) signaling by regulating BCR organization and mobility

B cells are part of the adaptive immune system and secrete antibodies targeting foreign pathogen (referred to as antigen). B cells are activated by binding of antigen to the antigenspecific B cell receptor (BCR), which initiates downstream signaling cascades necessary for the production of antibodies. Recent data from our lab identified that the glycan-binding lectin known as galectin-9 (Gal-9) binds to IgM-BCR and inhibits B cell activation. However, the molecular mechanism for Gal-9 mediated inhibition B cell activation is still unknown. In this study, we showed that exogenous Gal-9 reorganizes IgM-BCR into larger clusters within the Gal-9 lattice, and concomitantly immobilizes IgM. We also demonstrated that Gal-9 increases the density of inhibitory molecules including CD45 and CD22 together with IgM-BCR in the Gal-9 lattice, consistent with the inhibitory effect of Gal-9 on B cell activation. These findings elucidate a novel extracellular mechanism to regulate signal transduction through BCR.
Comparison of cadmium accumulation in tissues between carp Cyprinus carpio and Red Sea bream Pagrus major

Carp and red sea bream were exposed for 96h to 0.3mgCd/l in freshwater and 10mgCd/l in seawater, respectively. The cadmium tissue distributions and cadmium cytosolic partitioning in tissues were analyzed using Sephadex G-75 chromatography to estimate the toxicity in tissues. Cadmium tissue distributions in carp and red sea bream after intraperitoneal administrations of CdCl2 and cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT) were also investigated to compare the cadmium movement in their bodies. The exposure of carp to cadmium resulted in the highest accumulation in the gills, followed in descending order by the kidney, intestine, and hepatopancreas. The highest proportion of cadmium concentration in the HMW pool (fractions containing enzymes) relative to the MMW pool (fractions containing metallothionein) was found in the gills. These results suggest that the gills of carp are most likely to be harmfully affected by exposure to an acute level of cadmium. The exposure of red sea bream to cadmium resulted in the highest accumlation in the liver, followed in descending order by the kidney, intestine, and gills. The cadmium concentration in the HMW pool was highest in the kidney. However, the highest proportion of cadmium concentration in the HMW pool relative to the MMW pool was found in the intestine. These results suggest that the maximum detoxification capacity was reached first in the intestine. After the intraperitoneal administration of CdMT, a significantly high accumulation of cadmium was found in the kidney of carp but not in the kidney of red sea bream. This result suggests that the ability to trap the cadmium bound to MT in plasma by kidney may be lower in red sea bream than in carp. In conclusion, the osmotic regulation mechanisms in fish may possibly be related to the distribution and movement of cadmium in the body.
Application of CORE Learning to Improve Mathematical Connection Capabilities and Self-Efficacy

The study aimed to improve the skills of students mathematical connections and self-efficacy for grade VII D of SMP N 3 Sidareja in the 2018/2019 academic year through CORE (Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting, and Extending) learning on the topic of triangles and rectangles. The study was conducted in three cycles and each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, evaluation, and reflection stages. The instrument used was a description test to measure the skills of students' mathematical connections given at the end of each cycle, while the instrument used to measure self-efficacy was self-efficacy questionnaire. Based on the findings, each cycle obtained an improvement. The first cycle obtained mathematical connection skills by an average of 64.74, 77.24 in the second cycle, and 81.41 in the third cycle. The average results of students self-efficacy in grade VII D in the first the cycle was 69.67, 76.05 in the second cycle, and 79.85 in the third cycle. Based on the data above, it can be drawn that there was an improvement of students' mathematical connection skills and self-efficacy from cycle I to cycle II and from cycle II to cycle III through CORE learning (Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting, and Extending).
Case study of the electromagnetic degrees of freedom in multi-antennas communications systems using FDTD

INTRODUCTION In wireless communications, one way to gain further capacity or throughput is to use the spatial dimension of the channel through multi-antennas systems. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is an area of active research since the first development by Forshini [1]. Instead of suffering from the impairments of the propagation channel, i.e. fading, multipath due to a complex environment, MIMO can on the contrary take advantage of the multiple scattering environments to increase the performance of the system. It is then interesting to analyze it from an electromagnetic perspective to gain insight from the physics and to determine the limits of the channel capacity.
Production and marginal analysis of dairy cows fed sorghum silage diets with urea levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate productive, nutritional and economic traits of dairy cows fed sorghum silage diets with urea levels. Five 3⁄4 Holstein × 1⁄4 Gir lactating dairy cows in the middle third of lactation, at an average age of 60 months and average body weight of 518 kg ± 52 kg, were allocated to five treatments in a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. Treatments (U-50, U-75, U-100, U-125 and U-150) consisted of different urea levels in the concentrate (5.7, 8.6, 11.4, 14.3 and 17.1 g urea/kg concentrate, respectively). The significance level of 0.5 was adopted. Urea levels did not influence the feed intake, digestibility, or metabolic parameters of dairy cows. No significant differences were observed for 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield. Milk composition was not significantly affected. Gross revenue from the sale of milk was not significantly affected, averaging BRL 28.65. Marginal rate of return did not differ significantly. The different urea levels did not influence the dairy cows’ milk yield. In conclusion, urea can be included in the concentrate of sorghum silage diets for dairy cows at the levels of 5.7 to 17.1 g/kg of concentrate without compromising production performance.
Phenomics: A Science of Unravelling the Genotype- Phenotype Relationship

Phenomics is a new branch of science developed in recent years, which mainly study the cell phenotypes in different environments at systems level. Phenomics is widely used in the genotype-phenotype mapping, the genetic basis research of complex trait diseases, crop genetic improvement. Meanwhile, phenomics research faces huge challenges. Extensive features of genomic data directly spawned a new scientific research based on the genome sequences. This paper introduces the scope of phenomics in simple terms. It summarizes the application of phenomics in the genotype-phenotype mapping, the genetic basis research of complex trait diseases, crop genetic improvement, and the challenges of phenomics research. Meanwhile, it discusses the application of bioinformatics in phenomics, and the future and perspective of phenomics.
Genetic diversity of aboriginal and invasive populations of four‐eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

The four‐eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. , native in Far Eastern Eurasia and nearby islands, is an invasive pest of fir trees in Siberian and European parts of Russia. Its invasion has been overlooked and was only finally appreciated in 2008. Subsequently, the scale and area of damage to the forests has increased catastrophically. Thus, extensive monitoring and population control are required to localize and stop any further spread of the invasion. We used mitochondrial DNA markers to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of invasive and aboriginal populations of P. proximus, aiming to establish the main sources and corridors of its spread and to infer the history of colonization. Eighteen haplotypes clustered in five groups were identified. The aboriginal populations had the highest degree of haplotype variability, including almost all haplotypes found in the areas of invasion. The Siberian introduced populations had a sufficient reduction of genetic variation, and a strong geographical partitioning. The European populations mostly had the same haplotypes as the invasive Siberian populations. The results of the present study support the scenario of P. proximus spreading from the Far East of Russia westward via timber transport along the major Russian railway network.
AMP Deaminase From Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Attempts were made to clone the yeast adenosine-5'-monophosphate deaminase (AMP deaminase) gene from S. cerevisiae using a number of strategies. Initially, it was hoped that overproduction of AMP deaminase could be detected in yeast, by selecting for resistance to the AMP deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin (dCF). This involved the construction of ade, hpt1 yeast strains in which the AMP deaminase reaction is the major source of inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP). Although yeast AMP deaminase is sensitive to dCF in vitro no effect was observed in vivo (possibly due to lack of uptake of the drug).
Quantifying Feature Importance for Detecting Depression using Random Forest

Feature selection based on importance is a fundamental step in machine learning models because it serves as a vital technique to orient the use of variables to what is most efficient and effective for a given machine learning model. In this study, an explainable machine learning model based on Random forest, is built to address the problem of identification of depression level for Twitter users. This model reflects its transparency through calculating its feature importance. There are several techniques to quantify the importance of features. However, in this study, random forest is used as both a classifier, which has over-performing aspects over many classifiers such as decision trees, and a method for weighting the input features as their importance imply. In this study, the importance of features is measured using different techniques including random forest, and the results of these techniques are compared. Furthermore, feature importance uses the concept of weighting the input variables inside a complete system for recommending a solution for depressed persons. The experimental results confirm the superiority of random forest over other classifiers using three different methods for measuring the features importance. The accuracy of random forest classification reached 84.7%, and the importance of features increased the classifier accuracy to 84.9%. Keywords—Machine learning; random forest; feature selection; feature importance; depression; emotions; twitter
Current aspects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its signaling pathways in choriocarcinoma cell lines

Several parallels may be drawn between pregnancy and cancer. In the course of embryo implantation, trophoblast cells are able to proliferate and invade into maternal tissues, while a complex interaction with the maternal immune system ensures immune tolerance. Similarly, many tumors are able to grow invasively and mask themselves from the immune system. Many of the underlying mechanisms governing embryo implantation and tumor progression seem to lie in close proximity. Among them, the JAK/STAT pathway has been implicated in the transduction of a multitude of signals governing cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a cytokine maximally expressed at the time of implantation that signals through the JAK/STAT pathway. Although its roles have not been completely understood, LIF is assumed to facilitate embryo implantation and regulate tumor invasion through the activity of STAT3. In this sense, this work intended to better clarify the role of LIF and the JAK/STAT pathway in choriocarcinoma cell lines, which are considered models for studying trophoblast physiology. Different choriocarcinoma cell lines have been treated with LIF and IL-6 to investigate the association of these cytokines with the phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, the constitutive expression and phosphorylation of three Janus kinases (JAKs) have been analyzed by means of Western blot. The expression of JAKs has been also verified in human placental tissues by immunocytochemistry. Aiming to silence the expression of JAK1 in choriocarcinoma cell lines, different transfection reagents and siRNA concentrations have been tested for RNA interference. Knock-down efficiency has been evaluated by Western blot. Finally, a set of functional tests has been performed to evaluate if LIF treatment and/or kinase silencing might modify cell behavior. In this sense, flow cytometry has been used to quantify cell proliferation, migration and invasion rates.
Chelating forms of microelements in poultry nutrition

The aim of this review was to analyse the available literature on the effects of the use of microelements and their chelated forms on performance parameters of poultry as well as the cholesterol content in the tissues of broiler chickens. Published research has indicated that the significantly lower levels of organic minerals had a positive influence on the production performance of meat poultry and improved the production performance of laying hens and their heavy line hybrid parents. This has major impacts not only in terms of more efficient utilisation of chelated minerals in poultry diets, but also for less excretion of unused inorganic minerals into the environment, which is a major problem in many countries.
The Relationship Between IAA and Grain Development of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice and Regulation with S-07

Shanyou 4I3, an indica-japonica hybrid rice combination, and its male parent Zhong 413 were selected to investigate the effects of plant growth retardant S-07 on the grain filling of vigorous and weak spikelets, andalso to clarify the role of exdogenous and endogenous IAA in grain development. The suppression of vigorousspikelet on weak spikelet during the early grain-filling period can also be realized by the use of exdogenous IAA. Differential change patterns were detected for endogenous IAA content between vigorous and weak spikelets during thegrain filling period, where IAA content increased sharply from the beginning of grain-filling and reached its maximum about eight days after flowering for vigorous spikelet, but was rather low during the initial 12 days and increased gradually to the top about 8 days afterwards for weak spikelet. The application of S-07 solution at the booting stage could decrease the IAA content of vigorous spikelet, but increased that of weak spikelet. The vigorousones had higher transformation efficiency from 3 H-Try to 3 H-IAA and stronger competition for 3 H-IAA from otherparts, which may partially contribute to the different level of endogenous IAA between vigorous and weak spikelets.The results indicated that the application of S-07 solution at the late booting stage had different effects oil spikelet toa certain extent, but as expected, increased the seed weight of weak spikelet by stimulating and accelerating itsgrain filling.
Purification, Expansion and Characterization of Putative Murine CardiacProgenitor Cells

Ischemic heart disease kills more people than any other condition. Medical treatment for ischemic heart disease is currently limited by the heart’s lack of regeneration after injury. Recent reports have suggested the existence of cardiac progenitor cells in the adult normal and diseased mammalian heart. The origin of these cells is unclear. We implemented novel culturing conditions to isolate putative cardiac progenitor cells (pCPCs) from the adult murine heart atrium with the properties of cardiac regeneration. Putative adult cardiac progenitor cells were purified and expanded from adult murine hearts by expansion medium supplemented with 2% fetal calf serum, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and leukemia inhibitory factor. Under the culture condition of 5% O2 , these cells can be expanded beyond 42 days, expressed stem cell antigen (Sca-1) and cardiac-specific transcription factors. When treated with oxytocin in vitro, these cells express cardiac contractile proteins and when injected intramuscularly in the tibialis anterior muscle these cells give rise to cardiomyocyte-like cells. In contrast, transplantation of these pCPCs in uninjured heart did not result in cardiomyocyte differentiation suggesting that the heart environment is less permissive than the skeletal muscle of cardiogenesis. These results suggest that cells from the adult murine heart selected with this culture conditions and transplanted in the skeletal muscle have cardiogenic potential. Thus, this approach warrants further investigation for the therapeutic development of strategies for cardiac tissue engineering and myocardial regeneration.