Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Human Context Environmental Determinants Of Behavior

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AI capabilities and user experiences: a comparative study of user reviews for assistant and non-assistant mobile apps

Inspired by the progress in the field of artificial intelligence and by the assimilation of AI capabilities into a variety of IT applications, including personal assistant apps such as Siri, this study examines how user experiences with such assistant apps differs from their interactions with more traditional IT artifacts. Using text analysis of user reviews of 10 assistant and 15 non-assistant apps, we identify 50 topics that reflect user experiences and evaluations. Most identified topics map well into existing IS constructs, such as ease of use, system quality and affordances, suggesting that current IS theory adequately reflects user experiences with IT, and is relevant to the analysis of AI-enabled applications. The results also highlight differences in how users experience their interactions with assistant and non-assistant apps, pointing towards potential shifts in how we experience and theorize user-IT interactions in the AI-enabled world.
In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of CB-183,315, a Novel Lipopeptide Antibiotic for Treatment of Clostridium difficile

ABSTRACT CB-183,315 is a novel lipopeptide antibiotic structurally related to daptomycin currently in phase 3 clinical development for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). We report here the in vitro mechanism of action, spontaneous resistance incidence, resistance by serial passage, time-kill kinetics, postantibiotic effect, and efficacy of CB-183,315 in a hamster model of lethal infection. In vitro data showed that CB-183,315 dissipated the membrane potential of Staphylococcus aureus without inducing changes in membrane permeability to small molecules. The rate of spontaneous resistance to CB-183,315 at 8× the MIC was below the limit of detection in C. difficile. Under selective pressure by serial passage with CB-183,315 against C. difficile, the susceptibility of the bacteria changed no more than 2-fold during 15 days of serial passages. At 16× the MIC, CB-183,315 produced a ≥3-log reduction of C. difficile in the time-kill assay. The postantibiotic effect of CB-183,315 at 8× the MIC was 0.9 h. At 80× the MIC the postantibiotic effect was more than 6 h. In the hamster model of CDAD, CB-183,315 and vancomycin both demonstrated potent efficacy in resolving initial disease onset, even at very low doses. After the conclusion of dosing, CB-183,315 and vancomycin showed a similar dose- and time-dependent pattern with respect to rates of CDAD recurrence.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) intake assessment and possible biomarkers of CLA intake in young women

Abstract Objective: The habitual intake of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer C18:2 c9t11 (rumenic acid, RA) was assessed and compared with plasma biomarkers. Design: The newly developed food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) comprised 46 food items and was validated by means of a 7-day estimated record (7-d ER). Additionally, the dietary intake results of the FFQ, 7-d ER, the last day (1-d ER) and the last two days (2-d ER) before blood sampling of the 7-d ER were compared to the content of C18:2 c9t11 in plasma phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) as possible biomarkers. Setting: Metabolic unit of a university institute. Subjects: Fifty-seven students completed both dietary instruments. From all participants fasting blood samples were taken. Results: Mean daily intake of rumenic acid was 246 mg day−1 and 323 mg day−1 as measured by the FFQ and the 7-d-ER, respectively. The degree of correspondence between both assessment methods was acceptable; this is indicated by a total kappa value of κ = 0.31 (P < 0.01) and a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.46 (P < 0.01). Rumenic acid content in plasma triglycerides was twice as high as found in phospholipids. The correlation between the intake results gained with the 7-d ER and the plasma PL contents of C18:2 c9t11 was statistically significant; this was also true for the C18:2 c9t11 values in plasma TG compared with the intake results of one or two days before blood sampling. Conclusions: Regarding RA intake, the FFQ data revealed an acceptable degree of correspondence with the 7-d ER data but failed to show significant correlations to the potential biomarkers. However, with respect to the results of the 7-d ER, the RA content in plasma PL and TG are possible biomarkers of short-term and medium-term intake, respectively.
Organizational Model of the Congress and Exhibition Cluster in the Field of Business Travel

The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the growth of the international trade in the intensity of business travel services, including in the field of the congress and exhibition business, which necessitates the formation of the effective management model of business travel services at the destination level. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the formation algorithm of the cluster development strategy of tourism and the development of organizational functioning models of the congress and exhibition cluster in the destination. The leading approach to the study of this issue is the method of modeling, which allowed considering the practice of clusters functioning as a sequence of stages of its formation and development, taking into account the resource potential of destinations. Results: the article presents a stepwise algorithm for creating the congress and exhibition cluster in the destination and proves the fundamental organizational model for its functioning in the business tourism market; isolates and systematized criteria and indicators for assessing the contribution of participants of the tourism cluster in the destination development. The contents of this article may be useful for researchers, interested in the use of the cluster approach in the services sector, as well as to regional authorities, responsible for the development of tourism
Metabolic changes associated with the slowing of relaxation in fatigued mouse muscle.

1. The biochemical basis of the slowing of relaxation seen in fatigue has been examined using an isolated mouse soleus preparation. 2. Slowing of relaxation occurred during prolonged tetani under anaerobic conditions when ATP and PC fell and lactate accumulated. 3. Slowing of relaxation was also demonstrated with muscles poisoned with cyanide and iodoacetic acid when there was a fall in ATP and PC but no accumulation of lactate. During a period of anaerobic recovery following a fatiguing tetanus, relaxation became faster at a time when lactate was accumulating in the muscle. 4. It is concluded that the slowing of relaxation in fatigue is not a consequence of lactate accumulation, and a relationship is demonstrated between the ATP content of the muscle and the rate of relaxation in muscles fatigued by prolonged stimulation, 5. Rates of ATP turn‐over in fresh muscle, and at intervals throughout a tetanus are consistent with the suggestion that the rate limiting step for myofibrillar ATPase may be directly related to the rate limiting step for the decay of tension during relaxation.
Additional pressure drop at a bifurcation due to the passage of flexible disks in a large scale model.

The flow of red blood cells (RBC) through a microvascular capillary bifurcation was modeled in a large scale system in which rigid circular tubes and bifurcations (diameter = .95 cm) simulated capillaries and capillary bifurcations, flexible disks (undeformed diameter = 0.75 cm) simulated RBC and glycerol simulated plasma. At low Reynolds numbers (0.01 to 0.1), pressure drop was measured in the tubes upstream and downstream from the bifurcation as well as across the bifurcation itself, for various flow splits at the bifurcation while the inflow in the upstream tube was held constant. Pressure gradient across the bifurcation is taken to be the average of the upstream and downstream pressure gradients if the additional pressure drop at the bifurcation due to the partitioning of flow and disks is negligible. For the case of glycerol alone, the ratio of pressure gradient (G) at the bifurcation to the one at the upstream region was always greater than expected and reached 1.14 when the flow in the side branch was zero. With introduction of flexible disks into the system, G at the bifurcation was as much as 10 times the G at the upstream region as disks came in contact with, or close to, the dividing line of the bifurcation and paused momentarily before they entered one or the other side of the bifurcation. The largest G was for even flow split at the bifurcation and the smallest G was for the case where the flow in the side branch was smallest. Therefore, for the range of tube hematocrits (0-30 percent) and flow splits tested here, a significant additional pressure drop at the bifurcation is observed.
Performance evaluation of time synchronization using cyclic prefix on OFDM under AWGN channel

In this research, performance evaluation of timing synchronization on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) communication channel is done. The performance evaluation is done by comparing the existing time synchronization algorithms, here will be presented four types of algorithms to calculate the arrival time of OFDM symbol. Simulation is done by considering the level of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO). Performance of the algorithm is measured by MSE (Mean Squared Error). From the simulation results it can be seen that approach by minimizing the squared difference is good under high SNR level, while the approach to maximize correlation is better for the low SNR level.
Are intensive care factors associated with depressive symptoms 6 months after acute lung injury?*

Objective:To evaluate intensive care–related factors as predictors of depressive symptoms 6 months after acute lung injury (ALI). Design:Prospective cohort study. Setting:Thirteen intensive care units (ICUs) in four hospitals in Baltimore, MD. Patients:Consecutive ALI survivors (n = 160; 71% from medical ICUs) screened for depressive symptoms at 6 months post-ALI. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We prospectively measured 12 features of critical illness and ICU care and used multivariable regression to evaluate associations with depressive symptoms as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score. The prevalence of a positive screening for depression (score ≥8) at 6 months post-ALI was 26%. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with surgical (vs. medical or trauma) ICU admission (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.2), maximum daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score of >10 (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.5), and mean daily ICU benzodiazepine dose of ≥75 mg of midazolam equivalent (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.5). Conclusions:Depressive symptoms at 6 months post-ALI are common and potentially associated with ICU-related factors. Mechanisms by which critical illness and intensive care management associate with depressive symptoms merit further investigation.
FLOW MICROFLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CELL KILLING WITH CYTOTOXIC DRUGS

The relative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of cells in culture was determined in a flow microfluorometer after staining with a fluorescent DNA-specific technique. The distribution of the DNA content was used to study the effect of arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C), hydroxyurea, bleomycin and actinomycin D on the progression of the cells through the cell cycle. It was found that short exposures to 10–5 M Ara-C reversibly blocks the cells predominantly in early S phase. The cells blocked in S died after prolonged treatment at low concentrations. A small population was blocked in G1. Similar effects were observed at 10–4 M Ara-C which were irreversible even after short exposures. A block of the majority of the cells in early S and a few cells in G1 was also found with 10–3 M hydroxyurea. Bleomycin resulted in a block in G1 and G2 phases. Actinomycin D treatment at 10–8 M for 24 hr inhibited the initiation of DNA synthesis, since almost all cells were found in G1. The method is very suitable for rapid studies of drug effects on cell cycle progression.
Acyclovir- and Ganciclovir-Induced Neurotoxicity

With increasing use of acyclovir and ganciclovir, primarily due to the increased number of AIDS and transplant patients, further cases of neurologic toxicity will undoubtedly be encountered. Discontinuation or dosage reduction of acyclovir and ganciclovir is necessary to manage neurologic toxicity that is directly attributed to either agent. Renal dysfunction is a known risk factor for acyclovir neurotoxicity, and case reports indicate that renal dysfunction may also be a risk factor for ganciclovir neurotoxicity. Since ganciclovir is structurally related to acyclovir, clinicians should monitor for signs and symptoms of neurotoxicity as they would with acyclovir until the risk factors are more clearly defined. Dosage reduction for both agents and increased monitoring should occur when renal dysfunction is present, to minimize the risk of neurotoxicity and other serious adverse effects. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the recommended dosages of acyclovir and ganciclovir, respectively, in the presence of renal dysfunction. However, as a few case reports describe, neurotoxicity from these agents has also occurred in patients with normal renal function. Therefore, clinicians should always remain vigilant in monitoring for signs of neurotoxicity when acyclovir or ganciclovir is administered, and have a high index of suspicion for these agents if neurotoxicity is encountered during therapy.
Unsupervised retraining of a maximum likelihood classifier for the analysis of multitemporal remote sensing images

An unsupervised retraining technique for a maximum likelihood (ML) classifier is presented. The proposed technique allows the classifier's parameters, obtained by supervised learning on a specific image, to be updated in a totally unsupervised way on the basis of the distribution of a new image to be classified. This enables the classifier to provide a high accuracy for the new image even when the corresponding training set is not available.
Hip Fractures and the Contribution of Cortical Versus Trabecular Bone to Femoral Neck Strength

Osteoporotic fractures are caused by both cortical thinning and trabecular bone loss. Both are seen to be important for bone fragility. The relative contributions of cortical versus trabecular bone have not been established. The aim of this study was to test the contribution of cortical versus trabecular bone to femoral neck stability in bone strength. In one femur from each pair of 18 human cadaver femurs (5 female; 4 male), trabecular bone was completely removed from the femoral neck, providing one bone with intact and the other without any trabecular structure in the femoral neck. Geometrical, X‐ray, and DXA measurements were carried out before biomechanical testing (forces to fracture). Femoral necks were osteotomized, slices were analyzed for cross‐sectional area (CSA) and cross‐sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and results were compared with biomechanical testing data. Differences between forces needed to fracture excavated and intact femurs (ΔF/F mean) was 7.0% on the average (range, 4.6–17.3%). CSA of removed spongiosa did not correlate with difference of fracture load (ΔF/F mean), nor did BMD. The relative contribution of trabecular versus cortical bone in respect to bone strength in the femoral neck seems to be marginal and seems to explain the subordinate role of trabecular bone and its changes in fracture risk and the effects of treatment options in preventing fractures.
Prevalence of Chronic Respiratory Disease in a Pulp Mill and a Paper Mill in the United States1

A sample of 147 men drawn from the workers in a pulp mill was compared with one of 124 men from a paper mill. The former included those exposed to chlorine and to sulphur dioxide. No significant differences were found in respiratory symptoms or in simple tests of ventilatory function in the two samples, but men working in chlorine had a somewhat poorer respiratory function and more shortness of breath than those working in sulphur dioxide. The working population of both mills together had a lower prevalence of respiratory disease than that of the male population of Berlin, N.H. , previously studied, suggesting that working populations may not be representative of the general population. Further, a low prevalence of disease in a working population exposed to pollutants may not indicate their `safety' in general populations.
[11C]PBR‐28 positron emission tomography in multiple sclerosis: Neuroinflammation or otherwise?

wakefulness. OSA causes frequent ( 30 times per hour in severe OSA) intracranial pressure fluctuations associated with apneas, more frequent than voluntary Valsalva maneuvers, and OSA is associated with elevated baseline intracranial pressure by the end of the night. Lastly, OSA is associated with recurrent hypoxemia and fragmentation of sleep, which may have additive or synergistic deleterious effects on amyloid-b levels.
Nontraditional Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke: An Update

Although it is encouraging that during the past decade there has been a notable decline in the incidence of stroke in several countries around the world,1–6 further reductions in stroke occurrence will require even better treatment of conventional risk factors, as well as the identification and treatment of nontraditional risk factors.7 Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, atrial fibrillation, and carotid stenosis are definite causal risk factors because randomized controlled trials showed that treating them reduced the incidence of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) or because epidemiological studies have shown that they are prospectively and independently associated with incident risk of stroke.8 Several risk models and risk calculators are available for stroke. However, they include only a few traditional risk factors, and not all ischemic strokes are explained by these factors. About 60% to 80% of all ischemic strokes can be attributed to these factors.8 Adding more factors may improve the predictive values of the risk models for stroke, and controlling nontraditional risk factors may further reduce stroke risks. The INTERSTROKE study, which examined 10 factors including less traditional factors such as obesity, psychosocial stress and depression, and ratio of apolipoprotein B to A1, found that these conditions were linked to 90% of the risk of stroke.9 The carotid substudy of Northern Manhattan studies showed that traditional risk factors explain only a minority of the variability in carotid plaque, suggesting a possible role for unaccounted nontraditional risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic plaque.10,11 The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study confirmed the existence of a stroke belt in the southeastern United States, where the rates of stroke mortality were higher (>40%) than those of other regions.12 However, in this study, only modest differences were …
Internship proposal Algorithms for Expected-Time Reachability Where :

Timed automata are a simple natural model of computation for the specification of timed behaviors [1]. They are finite automata extended with clocks, i.e. real-valued variables that increase with the passage of time. Timed automata have been used in a wide range of applications where real-time aspects of computation is important, and they are supported by a variety of efficient tools and model-checkers. The main algorithmic property of timed automata is that the reachability problem (i.e., to decide if a given state of the automaton is accessible from the initial state) is decidable and PSPACE-complete. Some extensions of timed automata with weights and probabilities, as well as robustness questions are also decidable [2, 5]. However, extending timed automata with stopwatch (real-valued clock variables that can pause while counting time) leads to undecidability of the reachability problem [4]. Recently, the time-bounded variant of the reachability problem has been considered for real-time systems, where the final state should be reached within T time units, where T is a given constant. This formulation gives rise to decidability of the reachability problem for timed automata extended with stopwatches [3]. In this internship (with possible continuation as a phd thesis), we consider generalizations of the time-bounded reachability problem where the original question with a fixed horizon T is replaced by an expected time horizon, either given through a fixed stopping-time distribution, or through an adversarial distribution where the stoppingtime distribution is unknown and decided by an adversary. We are looking for algorithmic solutions and structural properties in the case of timed automata, including robustness analysis. Several theoretical questions can be investigated and the solutions and heuristics can possibly lead to prototype implementations.
Greater epoetin alfa responsiveness is associated with improved survival in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Among hemodialysis patients, achieved hemoglobin is associated with Epoetin alfa dose and erythropoietin responsiveness. A prospective erythropoietin responsiveness measure was developed and its association with mortality evaluated. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Data from 321 participants were used and randomized to the hematocrit normalization arm of the Normal Hematocrit Cardiac Trial. Subjects were to receive a 50% Epoetin alfa dose increase at randomization. The prospective erythropoietin responsiveness measure was defined as the ratio of weekly hematocrit change (over the 3 wk after randomization) per Epoetin alfa dose increase (1000 IU/wk) corresponding to the mandated 50% dose increase at randomization. The distribution of responsiveness was divided into quartiles. Over a 1-yr follow-up, Cox proportional hazard modeling evaluated associations between this responsiveness measure and mortality. RESULTS Erythropoietin responsiveness values ranged from -2.1% to 2.4% per week per 1000 IU. Although subjects were similar across response quartiles, mortality ranged between 14% and 34% among subjects in the highest and lowest response quartiles (P = 0.0004), respectively. After adjusting for baseline prognostic indicators, highest versus lowest responsiveness was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.87). CONCLUSION Lower erythropoietin responsiveness is a strong, independent predictor of mortality risk and should be considered when evaluating associations between clinical outcomes and potential prognostic indicators, such as Epoetin alfa dose and achieved hemoglobin values.