Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata

The synergistic effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was tested on the coral Porites divaricata. Small branches were incubated in different concentrations of fluoranthene followed by exposure to ecologically relevant levels of natural solar radiation, with and without UVR. Exposure to the highest concentration of fluoranthene (60 μ g L− 1) resulted in decreased photochemical efficiency of corals exposed concomitantly to UVR but not in corals exposed to 60 μ g L− 1 fluoranthene without UVR. After 6 days, most coral samples that were exposed to fluoranthene and UVR bleached or died (78%) on the upper side of the branches. At 60 μ g L− 1 fluoranthene with UVR, 11 out of 12 samples died and the remaining sample bleached, much greater than the number of samples that bleached in manipulation or solvent controls. On the under side of the same samples, where the coral polyps are naturally protected from UVR, 11 out of 12 samples remained healthy and intact. The high UVR doses that shallow water dwelling corals receive combined with the results of this study show that photoinduced toxicity of PAHs is a stress factor that needs to be studied in more detail in coral reef ecosystems.
Theoretical Investigation of DIBL Characteristics for Scaled Tri-Gate InGaAs-OI n-MOSFETs Including Sensitivity to Process Variations

This paper investigates the intrinsic drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) characteristics of highly-scaled tri-gate n-MOSFETs with InGaAs channel based on ITRS 2021 technology node through numerical simulation corroborated with theoretical calculation. This paper indicates that, when studying short-channel effects in III-V FETs, one has to account for quantum-confinement, or else predictions will be pessimistic. Due to 2-D quantum-confinement, the DIBL of the InGaAs tri-gate devices can be significantly suppressed and be comparable to the Si counterpart. Besides, for highly-scaled InGaAs tri-gate NFETs, the impact of buried-oxide thickness on DIBL becomes minor, and the DIBL sensitivity to the fin-width and gate-length variations can also be suppressed by the quantum-confinement effect. This paper may provide insights for tri-gate device design using III-V high-mobility channel materials.
The Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase Binding in the Regulation of Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Paxillin*

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin are focal adhesion-associated, phosphotyrosine-containing proteins that physically interact. A previous study has demonstrated that paxillin contains two binding sites for FAK. We have further characterized these two binding sites and have demonstrated that the binding affinity of the carboxyl-terminal domain of FAK is the same for each of the two binding sites. The presence of both binding sites increases the affinity for FAK by 5–10-fold. A conserved paxillin sequence called the LD motif has been implicated in FAK binding. We show that mutations in the LD motifs in both FAK-binding sites are required to dramatically impair FAK binding in vitro. A paxillin mutant containing point mutations in both FAK-binding sites was characterized. The mutant exhibited reduced levels of phosphotyrosine relative to wild type paxillin in subconfluent cells growing in culture, following cell adhesion to fibronectin and in src-transformed fibroblasts. These results suggest that paxillin must bind FAK for maximal phosphorylation in response to cell adhesion and that FAK may function to direct tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin in the process of transformation by the src oncogene.
Surgical treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip.

BACKGROUND Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip is a rare disease. Synovectomy is generally accepted as the only surgical treatment for the disorder, but there have been few studies with a sufficient sample size and duration of follow-up to allow the evaluation of long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of the treatment in sixteen patients. METHODS Sixteen patients (nine men and seven women), with a mean age of 35.5 years at the time of surgery, were treated between 1970 and 1996. Complete synovectomy was performed in all patients; in addition, three had a cup arthroplasty, four had a total hip arthroplasty, and one had a monopolar arthroplasty. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated retrospectively at a mean of 16.7 years postoperatively. Only one patient was followed for less than eight years. RESULTS Nine patients needed repeat surgery, but only one had recurrent synovitis, as detected with pathological examination fourteen years after treatment with synovectomy and cup arthroplasty. Secondary osteoarthritis developed in all eight patients who had been treated with synovectomy alone, and four of them required a total hip arthroplasty within the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS These results support earlier data indicating that osteoarthritis consistently develops in patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip. Complete synovectomy seems to be effective in preventing recurrence of the synovitis, but it does not appear to prevent the development of secondary osteoarthritis.
BEFASTA Education to Change Attitudes to Call 911 When Stroke Symptoms Occur

In the 1990s, the medication Alteplase was starting to be used to treat ischemic stroke. It is necessary to administer this medication within 4.5 hours from the time the person is last known to be without symptoms of stroke. To raise public awareness of stroke symptoms and the need to present to a hospital quickly to receive this medical treatment, the acronym FAST representing facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, and time, was developed in 1998. FAST has successfully been used in many public awareness efforts. Research studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of FAST in helping people remember the symptoms of stroke. Although FAST continues to be effective, it does not incorporate the symptoms of stroke in the posterior circulation of the brain. Recent efforts to update the acronym to include balance and eyes became BEFAST. Protocols for stroke codes have evolved into the emergency medical system to facilitate patients getting acute medical care as quickly as possible. Still, most people present beyond the window of time for the opportunity to receive Alteplase. Because of Alteplase effectiveness, an A is added to the acronym, BEFASTA. This project will provide an approach to educating people about the effectiveness of Alteplase to convince them to call 911 as quickly as possible when experiencing stroke symptoms. The questionnaire used to survey the attendees’ opinions before and after the educational session demonstrated that education does influence a person’s opinion. The results were conclusive that the audience all agreed if they were experiencing stroke symptoms they
Comparison between embryonic stem cell versus adult stem cell to restore cartilage repair: an experimental study

Copyrights: © 2017 Ortu Sebastiano. This is an Open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 87 Ortu Sebastiano, et al. Abstract This study aimed at comparing quantitative and qualitative results of experiments based on embryo cells (embryonic stem-like – ESL) relative to medullary stimulation (BMS) for chondral lesions treatment of Medial Femur Condyle (MFC) in sheep. Male ESL cells embedded in fibrin glue were engrafted into chondral defects in the MFC of 4 ewes. An identical defect was created in other 4 sheep and treated with Nanofracture technique for bone marrow stimulation. Sheep were euthanized at 12 months from surgery. The evaluation of regenerated tissue was performed by macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical (collagen type II) and Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) assay. When the BMS and ESL scores at 12 months were compared, statistically significant differences in some macroscopic categories scores were found between the two treatments: ESL samples recorded significantly higher matrix staining score (p = 0.01), and tidemark score (p = 0.04); BMS samples had significantly higher points in subchondral bone category (p = 0.01). No significant differences were found in the others categories. At 12 months, collagen type II immunostaining was detected and marked in all ESL samples. In BMS samples the repaired tissue resulted positive for type II collagen especially around the performed perforations. FISH showed positive intranuclear signals only in the ESL cells found in the newly formed tissue. This study demonstrated that ESL cells, engrafted into chondral defects in sheep knee condyles, enhanced the quality of the regeneration of articular hyaline cartilage. In addition, it confirmed that BMS technique can provide for a good subchondral bone remodeling and a fair quantitative filling of chondral defects.
Universal Lower Bound for Finite-Sample Reconstruction Error and Its Relation to Prolate Spheroidal Functions

We consider the problem of representing a finite-energy signal with a finite number of samples. When the signal is interpolated via sinc function from the samples, there will be a certain reconstruction error since only a finite number of samples are used. Without making any additional assumptions, we derive a lower bound for this error. This error bound depends on the number of samples but nothing else, and is thus represented as a universal curve of error versus number of samples. Furthermore, the existence of a function that achieves the bound shows that this is the tightest such bound possible.
Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library ( AISeL ) ACIS 2010 Proceedings Australasian ( ACIS ) 2010 Ontological Services Using Crowdsourcing

This paper develops a service for ontology evolution based on crowdsourcing. The approach is demonstrated using OntoAssist, a specially designed semantic search service that is capable of capturing and disambiguating user’s search intent as well as automatically enabling ontology evolution. Successful and consistent ontology evolution often requires large amount of input data to specify new terms or changes in relationships. These inputs typically come mainly from domain experts or ontology professionals, which makes it hard to keep up with the change of open, dynamic World Wide Web environment. By integrating OntoAssist with an existing search engine, we show that users’ search intent can be disambiguated and aggregated to help to evolve underlying ontology. The disambiguation feature helps the users to find desirable search results. OntoAssist has been implemented and tested by Turkers from Amazon Mechanical Turk in a live demonstration site. Promising results and analysis are reported.
Novel genes modulated by FSH in normal and immortalized FSH‐responsive cells: new insights into the mechanism of FSH action

Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) controls the development of follicle‐enclosed oocytes in the mammalian ovary by interacting with specific receptors located exclusively on granulosa cells. Its biological activity involves stimulation of intercellular communication, intracellular signaling, and up‐regulation of steroidogenesis; the entire spectrum of genes regulated by FSH is not yet fully characterized. We have established monoclonal rat FSH‐responsive granulosa cell lines that express FSH receptors at 20‐fold higher rates than with primary cells, and thus increased the probability of yielding a distinct spectrum of genes modulated by FSH. Using Affymetrix DNA microarrays, we discovered 11 genes not reported earlier to be up‐regulated by FSH and 9 genes not reported earlier to be down‐regulated by FSH. Modulation of signal transduction associated with G‐protein signaling, phosphorylation of proteins, and intracellular‐extracellular ion balance was suggested by up‐regulation of decay accelerating factor GPI‐form precursor (DAF), membrane interacting protein RGS16, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase), oxidative stress‐inducible protein tyrosine phosphatase (OSIPTPase), and down‐regulation of rat prostatic acid phosphatase (rPAP), Na+, K+‐ATPase, and protein phosphatase 1β. Elevation in granzyme‐like proteins 1 and 3, and natural killer (NK) cell protease 1 (NKP‐1) along with reduction in carboxypeptidase E indicates possible FSH‐mediated preparation of the cells for apoptosis. Up‐regulation of vascular endothelial growth factors indicates the ability of FSH to produce angiogenic factors upon their maturation; whereas, reduction in insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP3) indicates its increased potential to promote p53‐induced apoptosis. Striking similarities in FSH modulation of gene expression were found in primary cultures of human granulosa cells obtained from IVF patients although these cells expressed only 1% of FSH receptor compared with immortalized rat cells, as indicated by microarray technique, which probably is in the normal range of expression of this receptor in nontransformed cells. These findings should increase our understanding of the mechanism of FSH action in stimulating development of the ovarian follicular cells, of intracellular and intercellular communication, and of increasing the potential of ovarian follicular cells to undergo apoptosis during the process of selection of the dominant follicle. —OSasson, R. , Dantes, A. , Tajima, K. , Amsterdam, A. Novel genes modulated by FSH in normal and immortalized FSH‐responsive cells: new insights into the mechanism of FSH action. FASEB J. 17, 1256–1266 (2003)
Bile-Induced DNA Damage in Salmonella enterica

In the absence of DNA adenine methylase, growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is inhibited by bile. Mutations in any of the mutH, mutL, and mutS genes suppress bile sensitivity in a Dam− background, indicating that an active MutHLS system renders Dam− mutants bile sensitive. However, inactivation of the MutHLS system does not cause bile sensitivity. An analogy with Escherichia coli, in which the MutHLS system sensitizes Dam− mutants to DNA-injuring agents, suggested that bile might cause DNA damage. In support of this hypothesis, we show that bile induces the SOS response in S. enterica and increases the frequency of point mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Mutations in mutH, mutL, or mutS cause partial relief of virulence attenuation in a Dam− background (50- to 100-fold by the oral route and 10-fold intraperitoneally), suggesting that an active MutHLS system reduces the ability of Salmonella Dam− mutants to cope with DNA-damaging agents (bile and others) encountered during the infection process. The DNA-damaging ability of bile under laboratory conditions raises the possibility that the phenomenon may be relevant in vivo, since high bile concentrations are found in the gallbladder, the niche for chronic Salmonella infections.
Short-term exposure to JP-8 jet fuel results in long-term immunotoxicity.

Chronic exposure to jet fuel has been shown to have adverse effects on human liver function, to cause emotional dysfunction, to cause abnormal electroencephalograms, to cause shortened attention spans, and to decrease sensorimotor speed. Due to the decision by the United States Air Force to implement the widespread use of JP-8 jet fuel in its operations, a thorough understanding of its potential effects upon exposed personnel is both critical and necessary. Exposure to potential environmental toxicants such as JP-8 may have significant effects on host systems beyond those readily visible (i.e., physiology, cardiology, respiratory, etc.); e.g., the immune system. Previous studies have shown that short-term, low concentration JP-8 exposure had significant effects on the immune system, which should have serious consequences for the exposed host in terms of susceptibility to infectious agents. If these alterations in immune function were long-lasting, it might also result in an increased likelihood of development and/or progression of cancer, as well as autoimmune disease. In the current study, mice were exposed for 1 h/day for 7 days to a moderate (1000 mg/m3) and a high (2500 mg/m3) concentration of aerosolized JP-8 jet fuel to stimulate occupational exposures. One to 28 days after the last exposure the mice were analyzed for effects of the exposure on their immune systems. It was observed that decrease in viable immune cell numbers and immune organ weights found at 24 h after exposure persisted for extended periods of time. Further, JP-8 exposure resulted in significantly decreased immune infection, as analyzed by mitogenesis assays, which persisted for up to 4 weeks post-exposure. Thus, short-term exposure of mice to JP-8 jet fuel caused significant toxicological effects on the immune system, which were long-lasting and persistent. It appears that the immune system may be the most sensitive indicator of toxicological damage due to JP-8 exposure. Such long-term changes in immune status may have significant effects on the health of the exposed individual.
The Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction in Overweight and Obese Patients

The authors retrospectively reviewed the computerized records of 71 women undergoing 80 deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstructions after mastectomy over a 1-year period. There were 33 normal, 26 overweight, and 12 obese patients. No statistically significant difference in flap complications was found between groups. Overall fat necrosis rates were 11.4 percent for the normal-weight patients, 6.7 percent for the overweight patients, and 6.7 percent for the obese patients. Postoperative hospital time was similar for all groups. The occurrence of abdominal wall fascial laxity was uncommon and similar for all groups. Large (>900 g) reconstructions were completed without prohibitive complications in the reconstruction flap. The DIEP flap represents a significant advance in autologous breast tissue reconstruction. Although concerns regarding fat necrosis rates in DIEP flaps have been voiced, the authors did not see an increasing rate of fat necrosis in their overweight and obese patients, and their overall rate of fat necrosis is comparable to rates reported for free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps. Also, increasing body mass index did not seem to affect the rate of delayed complications of the abdominal wall, such as abdominal wall hernia or bulging. Although it was not statistically significant, the authors did observe a trend toward increased wound-healing complications with increasing body mass index. Their data also support the claim that the complete sparing of the rectus abdominis muscles afforded by the DIEP flap avoids abdominal wall fascial bulging or defects often seen in obese TRAM reconstruction patients. Because flap and wound complication rates are similar or superior to those of other autologous tissue reconstruction techniques and the occurrence of abdominal wall defects is all but eliminated, the DIEP flap likely represents the preferred autologous breast reconstruction technique for overweight and obese patients.
Topologies and routing strategies in MPSoC

The routing and topology has significant role to play in the design of multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC). The topology has impact on the performance of the routing algorithms. As the demand is increasing for more and more area efficient devices, feature size is decreasing day-by-day. Now, the technology has reached its limitations where feature size cannot be reduced due to fundamental limitations. In such scenario, 3D ICs present a fundamental change in the SoC designs. We have investigated various 3D topologies for MPSoC. During investigation, we were unable to locate an algorithm in torus that accounts for wrap around edges. In this work, we have presented an algorithm that helps in locating wrap around edges in the torus. We have simulated the algorithm and found to be correct. As an extension of our previous work (Khan and Ansari, 2011), we have also performed net list level post layout simulation.
On the response and prediction of multi-layered flexible riser under combined load conditions

Purpose The internal force is more complicated in a combined load case than in a single load case, and the influence of the combined load on the stress cannot be neglected. The purpose of this paper is to study the mechanical behavior of the flexible riser under combined load conditions of tension and internal pressure or external pressure. Design/methodology/approach The mechanical behavior of the flexible riser under combined load conditions is studied by numerical simulation with a nine-layer detailed finite element model. The layers of flexible riser are modeled separately, and the interactions between layers have been taken into consideration in numerical simulation. Findings Under tension and internal pressure or external pressure, the pressure armor will bear extra external pressure because of the squeezing actions between layers caused by tension, and the extra external pressure will increase proportionately with the increase of the tension. Under internal pressure and tension, the internal stress for tension armor was nearly unchanged compared to that under unique tension load, whereas under external pressure and tension, the change of internal stress for tension armor was significant. Prediction methods of internal force for pressure armor and tension armor under pressure and tension are given, and the result from the formula agrees well with the simulation results. Originality/value The prediction methods on the internal force of flexible riser proposed in this study are proven accurate, with numerical simulation results, and the prediction methods are convenient for engineering applications.
Role for the stem cell factor/KIT complex in schwann cell neoplasia and mast cell proliferation associated with neurofibromatosis

Schwann cells are the primary cell type in the disfiguring lesions associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1). These lesions also contain abnormally high numbers of mast cells, a cell type which develops in response to stem cell factor. We report here that neonatal and adult rat and human Schwann cells, as well as a transfected rat Schwann cell line and a human Schwannoma line derived from an NF‐1 patient, all produced stem cell factor mRNA and protein. In coculture experiments, surface expression of stem cell factor by neonatal rat Schwann cells was profoundly downregulated by contact with dorsal root ganglion neurites. The receptor for stem cell factor, KIT, was not expressed in normal Schwann cells but was expressed in the human Schwannoma line, suggesting that aberrant KIT expression may form an autocrine loop in certain Schwann cell neoplasias. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hazard analysis in object oriented design of dependable systems

Mass produced products are becoming more and more complex, which forces the designers to model the functionality early in the design process. UML Use cases was found to be a useful method for this purpose at Volvo Cars and is currently used for modeling all functions implemented in the electrical network. When using Use cases in the design of complex safety critical systems, there is still an uncovered demand for early hazard analysis at a functional level. This work integrates a modified functional hazard assessment method and Use cases. The analysis generates valuable results used as design requirements and dependability analysis input. The methods results have exceeded our expectations. An example is included, showing how the method works.