Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation of Electromagnetic and Chemical Contributions to Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra on Nanoengineered Plasmonic Substrates

Ramansignalsfrommoleculesadsorbedonanoblemetalsurfaceare enhanced by many orders of magnitude due to the plasmon resonances of the substrate.Additionally,theenhancedspectraaremodifiedcomparedtothespectra ofneatmolecules;manyvibrationalfrequenciesareshifted,andrelativeintensities undergo significant changes upon attachment to the metal. With the goal of devising an effective scheme for separating the electromagnetic and chemical effects, we explore the origin of the Raman spectra modification of benzenethiol adsorbed on nanostructured gold surfaces. The spectral modifications are attrib- uted to the frequencydependence of the electromagnetic enhancement and to the effect of chemical binding. The latter contribution can be reproduced computa- tionally using molecule-metal cluster models. We present evidence that the effect of chemical binding is mostly due to changes in the electronic structure of the molecule rather than to the fixed orientation of molecules relative to the substrate. SECTION Kinetics, Spectroscopy
A Review on Data DeDuplication Techniques for Managing Data into Cloud

The pattern of cloud has expanded with the expanding information in internet. Cloud depends on virtualization which is raising the virtual machine images in data centers, and keeping up the first and reinforcements make the necessity of space in a few TB. This outcomes in making of reproductions of existing information or new information at time of entry, coming about duplication. For this, de-duplication of information is required. Here, we have made a review on various strategies of de-duplication and which approach suits the best. Thus here in this paper we would be discussing data de-duplication techniques along with securing techniques thus forming secure de-duplication. Keywords— Data Deduplication, Cloud, Big data, secure deduplication.
The role of advection and turbulent mixing in the vertical distribution of phytoplankton

The purpose of this study is to analyse the role of the flow field on the horizontal and vertical distributions of different phytoplankton populations thriving in the water column of a shallow coastal ecosystem. Two extreme flow conditions are illustrated. The first was a low energetic flow, under calm meteorological conditions and a stratified temperature of the water column. The second flow, coincident with the passage of a storm front, was more energetic resulting in increased mixing that homogenized the temperature in the whole water column. Although the mixing level homogenized the temperature of the water column in the high-energy period, it was not enough to homogenize the temperature in the low-energy period. In contrast, in both periods, the mixing level was enough to homogenize the vertical distribution of particles. A decrease in the concentration of particles from the calm period to the high-energy period was attributed to an advection event with warmer water of lower plankton concentration that resulted in a decrease of the total concentration of suspended particles in the water column. Data are used to test a model of plankton mixing proposed by Ruiz et al. (J. Plankton Res., 18 (1996) 1727). 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Creation and detection of optical modes with spatial light modulators

Modal decomposition of light has been known for a long time, applied mostly to pattern recognition. With the commercialization of liquid-crystal devices, digital holography as an enabling tool has become accessible to all, and with it all-digital tools for the decomposition of light have finally come of age. We review recent advances in unravelling the properties of light, from the modal structure of laser beams to decoding the information stored in orbital angular momentum (OAM)-carrying fields. We show application of these tools to fiber lasers, solid-state lasers, and structured light created in the laboratory by holographic laser beam shaping. We show by experimental implementation how digital holograms may be used to infer the intensity, phase, wavefront, Poynting vector, polarization, and OAM density of some unknown optical field. In particular, we outline how virtually all the previous ISO-standard beam diagnostic techniques may be readily replaced with all-digital equivalents, thus paving the way for unravelling of light in real time. Such tools are highly relevant to the in situ analysis of laser systems, to mode division multiplexing as an emerging tool in optical communication, and for quantum information processing with entangled photons.
Genetic association studies with complex ascertainment

In genetic association studies outcome dependent sampling is often used in order to increase power. When analyzing the data, correction for the ascertainment scheme generally has to be made to avoid bias. Such correction is however not available in standard statistical methods when the data structure and/or the ascertainment scheme is complex. In this report three simulation based approaches that can be used for correction of known ascertainment schemes are described. These methods provide parameter estimates and are flexible in terms of what statistical models and ascertainment schemes can be handled. Some simulations are conducted to evaluate the methods.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 2 different antiretroviral regimens in tertiary care hospital: A retrospective observational study

Background: Highly active retroviral therapy has reduced the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection. Although many regimens have reduced the plasma virus load in patients, there are many cases of long-term toxicity, adverse effects, and drug resistance. Aims and Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between combination of stavudine lamivudine nevirapine (SLN) and stavudine lamivudine efavirenz (SLE) (antiretroviral regimens) in tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) center of CG Hospital, a tertiary care center at Davangere. Data were collected for the duration of 12 months (June 2012 to May 2013). The study was conducted after obtaining the permission from the institutional ethical committee and incharge officer. Prescriptions of the patients were collected, and relevant information was entered in the preformed pro forma and analyzed. Results: In total of 144 cases, 94 patients received combination therapy of SLN whereas 50 patients received combination therapy of SLE. To compare the baseline parameters such as CD4 counts, weight and hemoglobin with post-treatment values Dunns multiple comparison test was applied. To compare the changes in the parameters between the 2 therapies unpaired t-test was applied. There was a statistically significant improvement in CD4 counts in both the therapies but between group comparisons showed no statistical difference, inspite of clinical improvement more pronounced in patients receiving SLN combination. Hemoglobin levels have improved significantly post therapy in both the groups. Conclusion: In this study, there was clinically significant improvement in all the parameters considered for analyses in patients receiving SLN compared to SLE therapy but fails to show statistical significance.
On the convergence of the generalized DFE to the MMSE-DFE

This paper shows that under certain conditions the generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE) asymptotically converges to the infinite length minimum-mean-square-error decision feedback equalizer (MMSE-DFE), in the sense that both structures perform essentially the same signal processing operations at both the transmitter and the receiver. The GDFE (developed by Cioffi and Forney (1997)) is a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) generalization of the well-known DFE structure, whose special cases include various transmission schemes such as discrete multi-tone (DMT). The proofs are based on a fundamental equivalence theorem holding between the Cholesky factorization of a doubly infinite Toeplitz covariance matrix and the spectral factorization of a stationary sequence. The results extend to the case where the optimum spectrum consists of several disjoint bands (which implies the operation of multiple corresponding independent MMSE-DFEs). The convergence of GDFE to the potentially many MMSE-DFEs requires performing a "generalized resampling" operation, which is equivalent to partitioning the available bandwidth into disjoint bands and eliminating the unused regions.
Calculations of Temperature Decay for Industrial Chimney by Using Modified Analytical Model

The engineering design of industrial chimneys requires predicting the temperature decay of exhaust gases along the walls of chimney. This paper investigates the practical calculation of the thermal performance of industrial chimneys which leads to estimating the static draft and the bulk temperature of combustion gases at the chimney's exit for determining the air pollution levels in the vicinity of the stack. A modified analytical model is used to obtain accurate heat transfer results. Heat transfer processes involving the internal convection heat transfer, external heat transfer to the surrounding and conduction heat transfer, which takes into account fouling resistance are considered. The present modified analytical model provides a good estimation of the bulk temperature and the outside wall temperature compared with that computed using1-D lumped model (Cortes model). The present modified model is validated with published theoretical and experimental data. The validation shows that the present modified model is more accurate than 1-D lumped model (Cortes model). The paper describes the thermal calculation procedures of industrial chimneys using the standard heat transfer correlations. The calculation procedures are easy to apply by design engineers in the field of thermal design of chimneys. Also, comparison between the present modified model and the previous 1-D lumped model with recent experimental data measured at the glass furnace chimney at El-Araby for Lighting Technology (glass factory) is discussed.
Performance of Hi-Flex Femoral Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty - A Randomized Control Study

Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure for intractable degenerative disease of the knee joint. Despite continued evolution in prosthesis design and surgical procedures, restricted range of motion and functional performance is still common in patients undergoing TKR. Posterior stabilized TKR aims to maintain a more reproducible roll back than cruciate retaining and mobile bearing knees, possibly leading to better flexion and function. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of De-Puy posterior-stabilized rotating platform TKR prosthesis (PS-RP) with the newer Hi-Flex PS-RPF system. In particular, the two prostheses were compared for patient satisfaction and functional outcome. Methods: Seventy physically active patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis, allocated for primary TKR were recruited into the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups. The pre and post-operative data (functional outcome and patient satisfaction) was statistically analysed between the two groups. Results: There were no statistical subjective differences between the 2 groups at 6 weeks and 12 months post-operative. There was a significant difference between knee flexion of patients in the Hi-Flex TKR group at 12 months post-operative, achieving higher mean flexion (123.8 ± 7.8 deg compared to 116.4 ± 14.1 deg; p < 0.013). However, this group also had better preoperative flexion suggesting direct correlation between the preoperative and postoperative knee flexion angles, in keeping with current literature. Conclusion: Therefore, we concluded that there are no significant subjective or objective differences between hiflex and standard knee replacements after 12 months of follow-up.
Educating for Sustainability: Competencies & Practices for Transformative Action

Achieving a sustainable future requires that individuals adopt different values, attitudes, habits, and behaviors, which are often learned and cemented at a young age. Unfortunately, current educational efforts are inadequate for achieving transformative action. Even programs whose primary goal is to promote responsible, pro-environmental behaviors have largely failed at creating change among students. The lack of efficacy in sustainability-related educational programs is at least partly due to faulty assumptions about knowledge automatically leading to action, and by extension, the informationintensive methods that focus largely on declarative knowledge regarding how environmental systems work. Meanwhile, social science literature clearly highlights the need to go beyond ecological and technical knowledge when educating for transformative action, since sustainable behaviors are motivated by much more than declarative information. In order to effectively educate for sustainability, alternative forms of knowledge (i.e., procedural, effectiveness, and social knowledge) are essential, as is the consideration of various barriers and motivators for action. The transition towards sustainability will require action and change that is guided by an understanding of the complexities that arise within an interconnected system, as well as the ability to collaborate with people from diverse backgrounds, while keeping an eye to the future. In formulating our approach to educating for sustainability, we incorporate perspectives from three somewhat disparate fields: (i) behavioral change research, (ii) sustainability scholarship, and (iii) educational pedagogy. While drawing upon diverse knowledge domains, our primary purpose is to integrate behavior change research and sustainability competencies in developing effective educational approaches for transformative actions.
Prevalence of chronic periodontitis among patients attended department of periodontology, school of dentistry, university of Sulaimani.

Background: Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. The prevalence of periodontal diseases varies in different regions of the world according to the definition of periodontitis and study population, and there are indications that they may be more prevalent in developing than in developed countries Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic periodontitis among a group of patients attended department of periodontics during the year (2013-2014), School of Dentistry University of Sulaimani. Material and method: The sample include 400 patients, only 54 patients had periodontitis, among them only 45 patient were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (26 male and 19 female patients), who were attended the Department of Periodontics, school of Dentistry University of Sulaimani during the academic year (20132014). The sample was divided according to age into 4 groups: 30-39,40-49, 50-59 and 60 years old patients and above . The clinical examination included the methods of detection of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and tooth mobility . The questionnaire form included patient’s general information. Results: Males recorded higher number among all age groups except the age group (50-59 years old). PPD increased gradually with increasing the age from 3.9mm in age group (30-39 years old) to 6mm in age group ≥ 60 years old, while the CAL was 4.5mm, 4.1mm, 4.4 mm and 5.1mm among the four age groups respectively. Tooth Mobility was grade I in both age groups (40-49, 50-59 years old), grade II in age group (30-39 years old), but no tooth mobility was detected in age group ≥ 60 years old. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic periodontitis was high and the number of male was higher as compared to the female population, irrespective of their age.
From basic raw material goods to cultural and environmental services: the Chinese bamboo sophistication path

Bamboo has deep cultural and economic roots in China, the country with the largest bamboo resources in the world. Over the last three decades bamboo has evolved from a supply of raw material for basic goods into the material base of an increasingly diversified array of products and, more recently, into a potentially important source of cultural and environmental services. Based on a general literature review and the lessons learned from detailed case studies in different regions of China, we explored the changing roles of bamboo, and its effects on local economies and farmers' livelihood strategies. As the country develops and new economic activities continue to appear, bamboo production has shifted from a superior income-generating opportunity that largely benefited the better-off to a less attractive option left for those who have no other choice. The nature of the work has also changed, from families working directly on their bamboo plots to an emphasis on hired labor, with prosperous bamboo owners devoting most of their time to more lucrative activities. A similar process can be observed in bamboo processing in counties where previous industrial structures hinged around raw material harvests, but which have now entered into other secondary and tertiary industry activities. At the same time, bamboo has attracted new opportunities as a source of cultural, aesthetic, and leisure-related activities, as well as some potentially important climatic, watershed, and biodiversity functions. We analyze the complementarity between goods and services provided by bamboo and discuss some research issues and future trends that may help in overcoming these conflicts.
A Study on Early Onset Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates in a Tertiary Care Centre in Bhagalpur.

Objectives : To determine the related risk factors, outcomes of early onset conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a group of newborn infants and also to determine the incidence of sepsis in these neonates. Methods : 84 newborn infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The mean gestational age was 37 weeks, and the mean postnatal age at presentation was 10 days. Blood culture-proven sepsis was identified in 30 babies (35.7% of total). Gram negative bacteria were isolated in 20 cases and E. coli was the most common of these agents (14 cases). Perinatal hypoxia ischemia was the second most frequent etiology (14 patients; 16.7% of total). The other diagnoses were blood group incompatibility (n=10), Down syndrome (n=6), cholestasis associated with parenteral nutrition (n=6), neonatal hepatitis (n=4), metabolic liver disease (n=2), biliary atresia (n=2), portal venous thrombosis (n=2), and unknown (n=8). 26 babies with sepsis recovered completely with treatment, whereas the prognosis for those with perinatal hypoxia-ischemia was very bad. (12 patients out of 14 died). Conclusion : From our study we concluded that early onset cholestatic jaundice in newborn infants is more commonly due to non-hepatic causes like neonatal sepsis and perinatal hypoxia . So it is very important to observe these infants carefully over a period of time before undertaking time consuming or invasive methods to investigate the primary liver disease. There is a felt need for early diagnosis by Pediatricians and other specialists who play a major role in identifying newborn infants with the risk of infantile conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and referring them for intervention at the earliest to bring down the menace of this disease.
Metagenomic characterisation of the gastrointestinal virome of neonatal pigs

Microorganisms that colonise the gastrointestinal tract are responsible for a large portion of the genetic diversity of the body. These microorganisms are of bacterial, archaeal and viral origin. The living space of these microorganisms, the microbiome, holds numerous interactions both between each other and the host. The viral part of the microbiome, the virome, consists of a multitude of virus species. These viruses infect and modulate cells from all three domains of life. Even though viruses have been acknowledged for their abilities to induce disease in its host, knowledge about the total diversity of viruses within the virome, and the role it plays in health and disease, is so far scarce. It is thought that the virome co-evolved with the host and that its establishment in mammals occurs early in life. The virome can be studied by the use of viral metagenomics, the study of all viral genetic material within a sample. Viral metagenomics was used in this thesis to generate datasets for comparative metagenomics. These datasets were then used for disease investigation and to compare similarities in the viromes of two mammalian species, pigs and humans. This thesis establishes a methodological framework for studying the virome in mammals, by use of viral metagenomics. A methodology for amplifying the metagenome prior to sequencing was assessed and a software for bioinformatics analysis of viral metagenomes was developed. With the methodologies developed herein, the eukaryotic virome of neonatal piglets suffering from diarrhoea was investigated. Several known enteric viruses were detected using viral metagenomics on healthy and diarrhoeic neonatal piglets. However, no virus was present exclusively within sick or healthy piglets and no virologial cause could be established for the neonatal diarrhoea. Comparative viral metagenomics was also used to establish if similarities existed between neonates of porcine and human origin, as well as between adults and neonates. Similarities were detected between adults of both species, who seems to be sharing a considerable part of their virome. There was also a notable difference between neonatal viromes and adult viromes, further supporting established theories about diversification over time of the virome.
Settling into dry granular media in different gravities

While the penetration of objects into granular media is well‐studied, there is little understanding of how objects settle in gravities, geff, different from that of Earth—a scenario potentially relevant to the geomorphology of planets and asteroids and also to their exploration using man‐made devices. By conducting experiments in an accelerating frame, we explore geff ranging from 0.4 g to 1.2 g. Surprisingly, we find that the rest depth is independent of geff and also that the time required for the object to come to rest scales like geff−1/2 . With discrete element modeling simulations, we reproduce the experimental results and extend the range of geff to objects as small as asteroids and as large as Jupiter. Our results shed light on the initial stage of sedimentation into dry granular media across a range of celestial bodies and also have implications for the design of man‐made, extraterrestrial vehicles and structures.
Understanding intuition: The case for two forms of intuition

Since the recent rejuvenation of intuition research within the management literature, significant work has been done on conceptualizing intuition. Whilst remarkable progress has been achieved in many areas of intuition, the role of intuition in creativity remains comparatively under-researched. Through an extensive review of intuition literature, we believe that a reason for this could be that intuition in the management literature is generally conceptualized as judgement. In this article we aim to extend our understanding of intuition in creativity by distinguishing between intuitive judgment and intuitive insight. Strengthening our case, this article builds on two previous research projects. The first focuses on literature-based features of intuition and the second project builds a conceptual model of knowledge types. Further informing the argument is Polanyi’s distinction of focal and subsidiary awareness. These considerations lead us to propose that there are two distinct kinds of intuition – intuitive judgement and intuitive insight.