Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behaviour and stress in three breeds of laying hens kept in the same environment

The aim of the study was to determine whether birds of different breeds, with different preferences for environmental elements and kept in identical conditions, would exhibit different behaviour and stress levels. The research material consisted of 50 laying hens of the Green-legged partridge (Zk), Polbar (Pb), and Leghorn (Lg) breeds. The birds were provided with identical environmental conditions. They were kept on litter in separate boxes, with 25 individuals of one breed per box, in the same building. An open field test was used in determining the behaviour of the birds. Levels of cortisol in serum and corticosterone in feathers were evaluated, and haematological and biochemical analyses of blood were performed. Leghorns proved to be a highly excitable and active breed whose needs cannot be fully satisfied in the standard conditions of large farms. Based on a differential leukocyte count, their hyperactivity was associated with increased stress. The Green-legged partridge exhibited the lowest stress levels. Birds kept in the same environmental conditions were found to differ significantly in the level of stress, probably because of differences in their behavioural needs and the possibilities of satisfying them. To reduce stress levels and improve the welfare of hens, it is necessary to verify their preferences first. Stress indicators are elevated in highly excitable birds, and the conditions on large farms are not conducive to meeting their behavioural needs. Keywords: behavioural test, blood indices, corticosterone, laying hens
Oxalate and Inorganic Ion Concentrations in Atriplex triangularis Willd. Organs in Response to Salinity, Light Level, and Aeration

Inorganic ion and oxalate content of Atriplex triangularis organs was determined for both field- and laboratory-grown plants. Na and Cl were the principal ions accumulated by field- and laboratory-grown plants under saline conditions. Plant organs generally had an excess cation balance under all treatments. Total oxalate content was highest in plants grown in the nonsaline controls. The addition of NaCl to the media, lowering of light level, and lack of aeration decreased the total oxalate content of tissue. Leaves had the highest total oxalate concentration, averaging 12% of tissue dry weight. Field-grown plants had lower water-soluble oxalate content than did laboratory-grown plants at comparable salinity treatments.
Intra- and interspecific differences in nutrient recycling by European freshwater fish

1. We measured N and P excretion rates of 470 individuals belonging to 18 freshwater fish species widespread in Western Europe. We assessed the effect of body mass on excretion rates at both the intraand interspecific levels. 2. The high variability in per capita N and P excretion rates was mainly determined by differences in body mass. The scaling coefficients of allometric relationships for both N and P excretion rates were significantly lower than 1 (mean ± SE, 0.95 ± 0.04 and 0.81 ± 0.05, respectively). 3. The slope of the allometric relationship between fish mass and nutrient excretion rate was significantly different among species. We did not detect any influence of phylogenetic conservatism on fish mass and on excretion rates. Further investigations are needed to understand the biological determinants of these differences. 4. This high intraand interspecific variability in per capita excretion rates, coupled with differences in fish body mass, produce marked differences in biomass-standardised excretion rates. These results thus indicate the necessity for further experimental and in situ investigations on the consequences of nutrient recycling by fish in freshwater ecosystems.
Evidence for a System of Supernumerary Chromosomes in Prochilodus Scrofa Steindachner, 1881 (Pisces, Prochilodontidae)

SUMMARYBoth males and females of the fish Prochilodus scrofa have a diploid number of 2n = 54. However, with the exception of a single female, all 59 specimens (25 ♀, 34 ♂) studied had 1–5 minutes accessory chromosomes. The unstable behavior of these chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis as well as their heterochromatic nature, as detected by C-banding, are characteristics that emphasize their supernumerary nature. This is the first report of chromosomes of this type in the Osteichthyes (Pisces).
A Pilot System for Website Security-Level Check

Moon Jeong Kim * , Sang-Rok Kim ** , Sanghyun Cho *** , Min-Soo Lee ** , Jun-Sup Lee, In Ho Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Young-Gab Kim Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Center for Information Security Technology (CIST), Korea University Div. of Computer Science Dept. of EECS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) *** NHN Corporation Korea Information Security Agency (KISA)
MULTIVIEW BUSINESS MODEL FOR DESCRIBING A MECHANISM OF HANDLING PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN DIGITAL FORENSICS

Digital evidence should be handled by the same mechanism with the physical evidence. Both types of such evidence should be complementary to support the investigation and data required in digital forensics activities. An appropriate business model is required to be able to support this mechanism. The existing business models, not yet able to explain the relationship between the three principal components in digital forensics: People who run activities, Digital Evidence as the primary object and Process which serves as a guide in conducting digital forensics activities. This study proposes a business model known as 3IR (Initiative-Investigative-Interactive-Report) as a multiview business model that can describe the relationship between the People - Digital Evidence - Process that must be understood in the activity of digital forensics and digital evidence handling. The proposed multiview business model has been able to provide an overview of how the mechanism is supposed to handle digital evidence to match the handling of physical evidence. The 3IR multiview business model is supposed to be used as a reference to comprehensively describing how to handle digital evidence in any digital forensics activities.
Evolutionary genetics of ageing in the wild : empirical patterns and future perspectives

Summary 1 Classical evolutionary theory states that senescence should arise as a consequence of the declining force of selection late in life. Although the quantitative genetic predictions of hypotheses derived from this theory have been extensively tested in laboratory studies of invertebrate systems, relatively little is known about the genetics of ageing in the wild. 2 Data from long-term ecological studies is increasingly allowing quantitative genetic approaches to be used in studies of senescence in free-living populations of vertebrates. We review work to date and argue that the patterns are broadly consistent with theoretical predictions, although there is also a clear need for more empirical work. 3 We argue that further advances in this field of research might be facilitated by increased use of reaction norm models, and a decreased emphasis on attempting to discriminate between mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropy models of senescence. We also suggest a framework for the better integration of environmental and genetic effects on ageing. 4 Finally, we discuss some of the difficulties in applying quantitative genetic models to studies of senescence outside the laboratory. In particular we highlight the problems that viability selection can cause for an accurate estimation of parameters used in the prediction of age-trajectory evolution.
Modified Michelson Interferometer Design for Ear Measurement

This paper presents an experimental study of the laser interferometry technique. Zemax OpticStudiowas employed to model Michelson interferometer for eardrum evaluation. Zemax Optical Design simulation was performed to specify the proper dimensions of Michelson interferometer for achieving best performance.A default configuration of Michelson interferometer was modeled. in terms of variant scaled configurationto reduce the dimensions and improve the resolution. Therefore, simulated eardrum characteristics were evaluated in response to pure tone sound stimulations. The measurement results show that the proposed design was able to detect nanometer displacement of the tympanic membrane with a high sensitivity.
Modeling and Controller Design for Pneumatic Artificial Muscle for Ankle-Foot Orthotic Device

In the present era Electric motors are most commonly used actuators for various robotic and bio-robotic applications. However, the functioning of electric motor is not similar to human skeletal muscles. Also, the electric motors are prone to harm human beings in case of failure. Hence, the present work has focused on exploring a bio-inspired actuator, which functions similar to human skeletal muscles and is safe for human beings. The literature review has revealed that such an actuator is pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). In the present work the researchers have focused on developing an efficient model and control strategy for PAM in order to use it for biorobotic applications. An experimental setup has been prepared to analyze the behavior of PAM for different speeds of operation and different loading conditions during inflation/ deflation. Based on the experimental datasets an experimental model of PAM and Proportional Pressure Regulator (PPR) has been developed using polynomial curve fitting tool of MATLAB. Then a switched mode feedback PID control strategy has been developed for PAM which takes care for the hysteresis behavior of PAM. The control strategy has been simulated to achieve the trajectory angle tracking of ankle joint during the complete gait cycle. The simulation of the proposed control strategy with the developed model has shown that the proposed approach works fairly well and the error in the ankle joint movement could be limited in the range of -0.8° to 0.6° for the complete gait cycle. The result obtained in the present study is similar to the results as reported in the literature. However, this could be achieved with less system complexity using simpler modeling technique and “switched mode feedback PID controller”, which has not been reported by any researcher till date
Stability of the Electroweak Scale from Hamiltonian Chaos

We have shown over recent years that the dynamics of quantum fields is likely to slide outside equilibrium above the Fermi scale of electroweak interactions. In proximity to this scale, spacetime dimensionality flows with the probing energy and leads to the concept of minimal fractal manifold (MFM). The goal of this brief report is to combine the MFM conjecture with the transition to chaos in nearly-integrable Hamiltonian systems. In doing so, we find that the KAM theorem can conceivably explain the stability of the Fermi scale in the low TeV sector.
FPGA Board Implementation for an Embedded Machine-to-Machine Remote Control System

This project presents a concept of mobile robots using prototypes, computing proposal oriented to embedded systems implementation. We implement our system using GPS module, Ultrasonic sensor(range sensors), H-bridge dual stepper control, DTMF(Dual-tone Multi-Frequency ) and LCD module. In this paper we construct a mechanical simple mobile robot model, which can measure the distance from obstacle with the aid of sensor and should able to control the speed of motor accordingly. Modules were interfaced with FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) controller for hardware implementation.
Machine Reading of Historical Events

Machine reading is an ambitious goal in NLP that subsumes a wide range of text understanding capabilities. Within this broad framework, we address the task of machine reading the time of historical events, compile datasets for the task, and develop a model for tackling it. Given a brief textual description of an event, we show that good performance can be achieved by extracting relevant sentences from Wikipedia, and applying a combination of task-specific and general-purpose feature embeddings for the classification. Furthermore, we establish a link between the historical event ordering task and the event focus time task from the information retrieval literature, showing they also provide a challenging test case for machine reading algorithms.
The conditional law of a continuous time random walk with respect to its local time: explicit form and approximations∗

A filtering problem is considered in the case when the state process is a continuous time random walk Xt and the observation process is its local time Lt. An explicit construction of the filter is given. This construction is then applied to a suitable approximation of a Brownian motion and to an asymptotically symmetric M/M/1 queueing model. In both these cases it has been possible to give a convergence result for the respective filters.
ADAPTING A MODEL FOR STUDENT SUPPORT FROM A CHRONIC TO AN ACUTE MENTAL HEALTH SETTING

The aim is to adapt Janse van Rensburg’s (2010) model for student support from a chronic to an acute mental health context. The objective is to explain the adaptation process through deconstruction and reconstruction. Janse van Rensburg’s (2010) model was a qualitative study, developed for a chronic setting in a health care facility for persons with mental retardation. The proposed adapted model involves a process of deand reconstruction. Data collection involved deconstruction of data elements of Janse van Rensburg’s (2010) model. Data analysis involved reconstruction through a literature review and application to the acute mental health context. Findings reflected on the key aspects of facilitation of student support through various phases of adjustment to an acute mental health context. Recommendations of the adapted model involve the implementation of student support in an acute mental health context. Psychological support during experiential learning can contribute to the enhancement of professional development.
Application of Remote Sensing in the Red Sludge Environmental Disaster in Hungary

One of the largest industrial disasters in Europe took place in the village of Kolontar (Hungary) on October 4th, 2010. Due to a ruptured dam more than 1 million m3 of red sludge flooded the nearby small towns along the Torna river. The spilled material containing a highly alkaline solution (>12 pH) resulted in a complex environmental disaster, requiring a multi-disciplinary approach regarding the assessment and the remediation of the site.The Karoly Robert College has developed a remote sensing protocol, which greatly assists both the domestic and international disaster management (forecast, damage surveying and control). In case of the Hungarian red sludge disaster the primary objective of the hyperspectral remote sensing mission was to estimate the environmental damage, the precise size of the polluted area, the rating of substance concentration in the sludge. For quick assessment and remediation purposes, it was deemed important to estimate the thickness of the red mud, particularly the areas where it.
Demographic structure and abundance of Asiatic lions Panthera leo persica in Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India

Abstract Asiatic lions Panthera leo persica, once confined to the 1,883 km2 Gir Protected Area in Gujarat, India, have in the past 2 decades colonized the adjacent Girnar forest, coastal scrub and agro-pastoral areas covering c. 10,000 km2. In May 2008 the Government of Gujarat declared 180 km2 of the sacred Girnar forests a Wildlife Sanctuary. We obtained data on location, age, gender and group composition of lions in Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary from opportunistic sightings during March–May 2008 and from systematic surveys in April 2008 (six surveys of 3–4 days each), totalling 81 lions on 40 occasions. Of the 81 sightings 43% were in the recruitment age group. Adult sex ratio was 0.87 males : 1 female. In the systematic survey we made 26 sightings of nine individuals, identified from their vibrissae patterns and permanent body markings, and used these for population estimation using a capture–recapture analysis. The population estimate using the best fit null model Mo was 10 ± SE 1.2 giving an adult lion density of 5.6 ± SE 0.7 per 100 km2. Population viability analysis emphasized the importance of immigrants for the persistence of this small population. One immigrant in 2 years reduced the probability of extinction by 16%. Conservation of the habitat matrix to the south-east of the Sanctuary, used as a corridor for movement between Girnar and Gir, by declaring it an eco-sensitive zone would facilitate the long-term survival of the Girnar lion population.
Caracteres diagnósticos de Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax Kollar (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar padroes morfologicos que proporcionassem o correto diagnostico de Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax Kollar. A analise morfologica de femeas e pupas permitiu encontrar estruturas bem caracteristicas e de facil utilizacao para identificacao da especie. Alguns caracteres diagnosticos (coloracao do escudo, area nudiocular e paraprocto) podem apresentar pequenas variacoes e outros sao constantes (coloracao das pernas, cibario, forquilha, filamentos branquiais e casulo).
Research on the Current Situation and Strategy of British and American Literature Teaching Based on Computer-aided Technology

: Research in this paper will be a beneficial exploration and attempt to explore how to improve the British and American literature education based upon the modern computer science and information technology. Proceeding from advantages and feasibility of the computer-assisted teaching model to the strategies and methodological exploration of computer-assisted classroom teaching mode, this paper has concluded that the combination of computer information technology with the virtual classes will stimulate students' interest in English learning, and the application of modern computer information technology to practical English teaching can’t only promote the teaching efficiency, optimize learning resources but also modernize collage education as being separated from the traditional teaching ideology, and that the profound ideological connotations and historical values of the British and American literature are of great guiding significance to the development of literature and the progress of humanistic qualities of students if the computer-assisted British and American literature teaching is constantly implemented with cultural instruction ,which could be highlighted as a new reform in modern English teaching.
Microbial Bioremediation of Pesticide Residues: A Review

India is one of the seven largest countries in the world having an arable land area of 159.7 million hectares. The economy of India is solely based on agriculture and allied sectors and approximately 70 per cent of the population depends on it. India's population is expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2050, surpassing China in 2025 and in that situation, feeding the whole population will be a great challenge for the country (Wolf et al., 2011).
A Novel Ursodeoxycholic Acid Derivative Induces Apoptosis in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

We investigated the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its derivative, HS-1030, on the proliferation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. UDCA had no significant effect on cell proliferation at the concentration range tested. The derivative HS-1030 inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner in the MTT assay. To test if HS-1030 could induce apoptosis, we treated MCF-7 cells with HS-1030 for 48 h and then examined the levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax). At higher concentrations of HS-1030, the levels of apoptosisrelated proteins were not significantly changed. However, HS-1030 induced specific cleavage of certain proteins, such as lamin B, protein kinase C δ, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The effect of HS-1030 on the cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. HS-1030 increased the G2/M fraction and showed changes in G2/M-related cyclins A and B1. These results suggest that HS-1030 may be an attractive lead compound for further development as a chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer.
Abstract Generally additional leakage inductance and two clamp diodes are adopted into the conventional phase shift full bridge (PSFB) converter for reducing the voltage stress of secondary rectifier diodes and extending the range of zero voltage switching (ZVS)

Generally additional leakage inductance and two clamp diodes are adopted into the conventional phase shift full bridge (PSFB) converter for reducing the voltage stress of secondary rectifier diodes and extending the range of zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation. However, since additional leakage inductance carries the ac current similar to the primary one, the core and copper loss oriented from additional leakage inductance can be high enough to decrease the whole efficiency of DC/DC converter. Therefore, in this paper, a new ZVS phase shift full bridge converter with separated primary winding (SPW) is proposed. Proposed converter makes the transformer and additional leakage inductor with one ferrite core. Using this method, leakage inductance is controlled by the winding ratio of separated primary winding. Moreover, by manufacturing the both magnetic components with one core, size and core loss can be reduced and it turns out the improvement of efficiency and power density of DC/DC converter. The operational principle of proposed converter is analyzed and verified by the 1.2kW prototype.
Timing and Use of Paternity Guards By Male Chaffinches

I studied the relative timing and extent to which male chaffinches used two alternative paternity guards, frequent copulation and mate guarding by close following. Males guarded their mates strongly, and guarding peaked in intensity on day -2 relative to laying. Male mate guarding intensity varied predictably with the value of the female to the male in three ways: (a) guarding intensity increased from day to day as laying approached, as does the risk of a single EPC fertilizing an egg. (b) Males reduced their level of guarding when their females laid the penultimate egg of the clutch and were therefore no longer fertile. (c) The diurnal pattern of guarding varied with respect to whether laying had begun, which might represent a male response to an 'insemination window', when sperm would be less likely to fertilize an egg. Males also copulated frequently with their mates, with a peak rate of 4.4 copulation attempts per hour on day -3 relative to laying, with an estimated total of 207 copulation attempts (83 successful) per clutch. The peak in copulation frequency occurred earlier than the peak in mate guarding intensity. Males did not show any behavioural response to an increased risk of extra-pair copulations, assessed by the proportion of neighbouring males that were free to seek extra-pair copulations. I propose that in chaffinches frequent copulation is a relatively 'low-cost, high-risk' paternity assurance mechanism compared to mate guarding, and that the mechanism males employ depends upon the amount of information that males have about whether the female is going to lay, which represents the value of the female to the male. Fine-tuning of male behavioural mechanisms with the female value as a resource provides good evidence that the mechanisms are adaptations to sperm competition.