Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized anxiety and depression in primary care: prevalence, recognition, and management.

AIMS Determine attitudes toward patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episodes (MDE) in primary care; determine prevalence of GAD, MDE, and comorbid GAD/MDE among primary care patients; assess physician recognition of GAD and MDE; and describe primary care interventions for these patients. METHOD 558 primary care physicians participated in a 1-day survey. Over 20,000 patients completed a diagnostic-screening questionnaire for GAD and MDE. Physician questionnaires included a standardized clinical appraisal of somatic and psychosocial symptoms and information on past and current treatments and a prestudy questionnaire assessing experience with and attitudes toward patients with GAD and MDE. RESULTS 56.9% of physicians viewed GAD as a genuine mental disorder with clinical management problems and considerable patient burden; 27.4% treated GAD patients differently from MDE patients. 5.3% of patients met criteria for GAD, 6.0% for MDE, 3.8% for pure GAD, 4.4% for pure MDE, and 1.6% for comorbid GAD/MDE. Pure GAD and MDE were associated with disability, high utilization of health care resources, and suicidality, which were even higher with comorbid GAD/MDE. Physicians recognized clinically significant emotional problems in 72.5% of patients with pure GAD, 76.5% with pure MDE, and 85.4% with comorbid GAD/MDE. However, correct diagnosis was much lower (64.3% for MDE and 34.4% for GAD). Although the majority of patients with recognized GAD or MDE were treated, only a small minority with GAD were prescribed medications or referred to specialists. CONCLUSION The high proportion of respondents with pure GAD is inconsistent with previous reports that GAD is usually comorbid with depression. GAD remains poorly recognized and inadequately treated. Improving the recognition and treatment of GAD in primary care patients is discussed relative to new treatments.
Molecular determinants of beta‐adrenergic signaling to voltage‐gated K+ channels in the cerebral circulation

Voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) channels are major determinants of membrane potential in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and regulate the diameter of small cerebral arteries and arterioles. However, the intracellular structures that govern the expression and function of vascular Kv channels are poorly understood. Scaffolding proteins including postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) recently were identified in rat cerebral VSMCs. Primarily characterized in neurons, the PSD95 scaffold has more than 50 known binding partners, and it can mediate macromolecular signaling between cell‐surface receptors and ion channels. In cerebral arteries, Shaker‐type Kv1 channels appear to associate with the PSD95 molecular scaffold, and PSD95 is required for the normal expression and vasodilator influence of members of this K+ channel gene family. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that the β1‐subtype adrenergic receptor is expressed in cerebral VSMCs and forms a functional vasodilator complex with Kv1 channels on the PSD95 scaffold. Activation of β1‐subtype adrenergic receptors in VSMCs enables protein kinase A‐dependent phosphorylation and opening of Kv1 channels in the PSD95 complex; the subsequent K+ efflux mediates membrane hyperpolarization and vasodilation of small cerebral arteries. Early evidence from other studies suggests that other families of Kv channels and scaffolding proteins are expressed in VSMCs. Future investigations into these macromolecular complexes that modulate the expression and function of Kv channels may reveal unknown signaling cascades that regulate VSMC excitability and provide novel targets for ion channel‐based medications to optimize vascular tone.
Particle size distribution and human respiratory deposition of trace metals in indoor work environments.

Respiratory response to inhalation of fine particles has been investigated for the aerosol generated by welding. Particles were sampled using a pair of 5-stage cascade impactors operating at 1 l. /min flow rate. The subject exhaled into one impactor through an air ballast arrangement, and the other impactor simultaneously sampled the surrounding air. Particle size fractions were analyzed for principal elemental constituents from sulphur to lead using proton induced X-ray emission, PIXE. The results indicated a complex respiratory response, including both increase in particle size due to exposure to high humidity in the respiratory tract and deposition of particles during inhalation. The response was found to be different for the element group Mn, Cr, Fe, Ni compared to the group K, Ca, Ti by observing the associations among the elements as a function of particle size in the inhaled and exhaled aerosol. However, for respiratory deposition efficiency alone in all runs averaged together, no systematic differences between the different elements are demonstrated at the 99 % confidence level.
Reduced harmonic multilevel inverter for single phase grid connected system

Now a day due to the requirement of renewable energy sources distributed generations (DG) are increasingly used. In such DG grid connection is required through DC-AC inverters. This paper presents a multilevel inverter for single phase grid connected system. Multilevel inverter performance is compared investigated to the conventional two level inverters due to their reduced harmonic distortion. The switching of the inverter is based on the control algorithm so that the requirement of grid can be fulfilled. The main aim is to inject power in to the grid, to reduce the harmonics of grid current and to synchronise the grid frequency with inverter frequency. The PLL block is use for synchronisation such that the grid voltage and grid current with good power quality. Therefore the effective controller design for harmonic elimination is to be carried out using MATLAB software and simulation studies are presented.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Using a Suture Bridge Technique

Background: Suture bridge repair has been recognized to have superior biomechanical characteristics, as shown in previous biomechanical studies. However, it is not clear whether the tendon heals better in vivo after suture bridge repair. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results and repair integrity after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using a suture bridge technique for patients with rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: One hundred twenty-three shoulders (120 patients) that underwent arthroscopic suture bridge repair for full-thickness rotator cuff tear were enrolled for this study. The mean duration of follow-up was 25.2 months (range, 16-34 months). The postoperative repair integrity was analyzed with use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 87 shoulders. According to the retear patterns on postoperative MRI, the cases were divided into type 1 (failure at the original repair site) or 2 (failure around the medial row). Results: At the last follow-up, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score improved from the preoperative mean of 13.2 points to 29.7 points (P < .001). The rotator cuff was completely healed in 58 (66.7%) of the 87 shoulders, and there was a recurrent tear in 29 shoulders (33.3%). The incidence of retear tended to increase with age older than 60 years at the time of surgery (P = .002). When there was a larger intraoperative tear, the rate of retear was also higher (P = .002). When the severity of preoperative fatty degeneration of the cuff muscles was higher, there was a greater chance of a recurrent tear (P < .001). The retear patterns on postoperative MRI in 29 shoulders with recurrent failures were classified as type 1 in 12 shoulders (41.4%) and type 2 in 17 shoulders (58.6%). The preoperative cuff tear size did not have an influence on retear patterns (P = .236), but the percentage of type 1 retear increased with the severity of fatty degeneration or muscle atrophy (P = .041, .023). Conclusion: Arthroscopic suture bridge repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears led to a relatively high rate of recurrent defects. However, the mean 25-month follow-up demonstrated excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to perform the activities of daily living, despite the structural failures. The factors affecting tendon healing were the patient’s age, the size and extent of the tear, and the presence of fatty degeneration in the rotator cuff muscle. The retear in cases with a suture bridge technique tended to be more frequently at the musculotendinous junction.
The participact mobile crowd sensing living lab: The testbed for smart cities

In recent years, the widespread availability of smartphones provided with sensors has enabled the possibility of harvesting large quantities of data in urban areas exploiting user devices, thus enabling so-called mobile crowd sensing (MCS). While many efforts have been made to improve specific techniques for MCS - spanning from signal processing to the assignment of data collection campaigns to users, and to the entire data processing spectrum - to the best of our knowledge, thus far there have been no active experiments of MCS that involve all these techniques in a large-scale real-world experiment. Based on these considerations, we started the ParticipAct Living Lab testbed, an ongoing experiment at the University of Bologna involving 300 students for one year in crowd sensing campaigns that can passively access smartphone sensors and also require active user collaboration. In this article we describe the guidelines behind the design of ParticipAct, as well as its features and architecture. Moreover, we report some of the seminal results gathered during the first three months of its deployment, including accuracy of the classifier provided by ParticipAct client and user inclination to successfully complete tasks depending on the level of active collaboration required to executing them.
Phosphatidic Acid Binds to Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Promotes Its Cleavage in Arabidopsis *

Background: Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a class of membrane lipid mediators synthesized in response to various stresses in plants. Results: PA binds to cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPCs) and promotes proteolytic cleavage of GAPC2 in Arabidopsis. Conclusion: PA-GAPC interaction constitutes a mechanism for PA signaling in plants. Significance: PA-GAPC interaction may provide a molecular link modulating coordinately carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a class of lipid messengers involved in a variety of physiological processes. To understand how PA mediates cell functions in plants, we used a PA affinity membrane assay to isolate PA-binding proteins from Camelina sativa followed by mass spectrometric sequencing. A cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) was identified to bind to PA, and detailed analysis was carried out subsequently using GAPC1 and GAPC1 from Arabidopsis. The PA and GAPC binding was abolished by the cation zinc whereas oxidation of GAPCs promoted the PA binding. PA had little impact on the GAPC catalytic activity in vitro, but the PA treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings induced proteolytic cleavage of GAPC2 and inhibited Arabidopsis seedling growth. The extent of PA inhibition was greater in GAPC-overexpressing than wild-type seedlings, but the greater PA inhibition was abolished by application of zinc to the seedling. The PA treatment also reduced the expression of genes involved in PA synthesis and utilization, and the PA-reduced gene expression was partially recovered by zinc treatment. These data suggest that PA binds to oxidized GAPDH and promotes its cleavage and that the PA and GAPC interaction may provide a signaling link coordinating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Party competition in the European Parliament. Evidence from Roll Call and Survey Analysis

Ever since Schumpeter (1942) defined democracy in terms of a competition of political leaders for the votes of the people, public contestation or political competition has been generally recognized as one of the most essential characteristics of modern democracy (Dahl 1971). As modern democracy is hardly conceivable without political parties, political competition implies a major function for mass political parties. As Bingham Powell (1982: 3) puts it: “The competitive electoral context, with several political parties organizing the alternatives that face the voters, is the identifying property of the contemporary democratic process. ” It is in this respect that the European Union is often said to be failing. There is no competitive electoral context at the European level. European elections are basically fought by national political parties on national rather than European issues. Because national party systems are based on national cleavages, they fail to organize the alternatives that are relevant to the voters in European elections, i.e., alternatives with respect to the development of the European Union as such. Even worse, any debate on these issues is suppressed by the leadership of the major political parties because they are internally divided on these issues and would risk being split apart when these issues were politicized. In order to remedy this aspect of the democratic deficit, it has been argued that in order to face the European electorate with a relevant choice, the party system should be reshuffled in such a way that parties organize themselves along the continuum pro-vs. Anti-European Integration.
Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial (DEKAN Study). Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in NIDDM patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial (Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie [DEKAN] Study), NIDDM patients with reduced HRV were randomly assigned to treatment with daily oral dose of 800 mg ALA (n = 39) or placebo (n = 34) for 4 months. Parameters of HRV at rest included the coefficient of variation (CV), root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), and spectral power in the low-frequency (LF; 0.05-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.15-0.5 Hz) bands. In addition, cardiovascular autonomic symptoms were assessed. RESULTS Seventeen patients dropped out of the study (ALA n = 10; placebo n = 7). Mean blood pressure and HbA1 levels did not differ between the groups at baseline and during the study, but heart rate at baseline was higher in the group treated with ALA (P < 0.05). RMSSD increased from baseline to 4 months by 1.5 ms (-37.6 to 77.1) [median (minimum-maximum)] in the group given ALA and decreased by -0.1 ms (-19.2 to 32.8) in the placebo group (P < 0.05 for ALA vs. placebo). Power spectrum in the LF band increased by 0.06 bpm2 (-0. 09 to 0.62) in ALA, whereas it declined by -0.01 bpm2 (-0.48 to 1.86) in placebo (P < 0.05 for ALA vs. placebo). Furthermore, there was a trend toward a favorable effect of ALA versus placebo for the CV and HF band power spectrum (P = 0.097 and P = 0.094 for ALA vs. placebo). The changes in cardiovascular autonomic symptoms did not differ significantly between the groups during the period studied. No differences between the groups were noted regarding the rates of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that treatment with ALA using a well-tolerated oral dose of 800 mg/day for 4 months may slightly improve CAN in NIDDM patients.
Transient replication of human papillomavirus DNAs

Information on papillomavirus DNA replication has primarily derived from studies with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). Our knowledge of DNA replication of the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is quite limited, in part because of the lack of a cell culture system capable of supporting the stable replication of HPV DNA. This study demonstrates that the full-length genomic DNAs of HPV types 11 and 18 (HPV-11 and HPV-18), but not HPV-16, are able to replicate transiently after transfection into several different human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. This system was used to identify the viral cis and trans elements required for DNA replication. The viral origins of replication were localized to a region of the viral long control region. Like BPV-1, E1 and E2 were the only viral factors required in trans for the replication of plasmids containing the origin. Cotransfection of a plasmid expressing the E1 open reading frame (ORF) from HPV-11 with a plasmid that expresses the E2 ORF from HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, or HPV-18 supported the replication of plasmid DNAs containing the origin regions of HPV-11, HPV-16, or HPV-18, indicating that there are functions shared among the corresponding E1 and E2 proteins and origins of these viruses. Although HPV-16 genomic DNA did not replicate by itself under experimental conditions that supported the replication of HPV-11 and HPV-18 genomic DNAs, expression of the HPV-16 early region functions from a strong heterologous promoter supported the replication of a cotransfected plasmid containing the HPV-16 origin of replication. This finding suggests that the inability of the HPV-16 genomic DNA to replicate transiently in the cell lines tested was most likely due to insufficient expression of the viral E1 and/or E2 genes required for DNA replication.
Adult astroglia is competent for Na+/Ca2+ exchanger‐operated exocytotic glutamate release triggered by mild depolarization

Glutamate release induced by mild depolarization was studied in astroglial preparations from the adult rat cerebral cortex, that is acutely isolated glial sub‐cellular particles (gliosomes), cultured adult or neonatal astrocytes, and neuron‐conditioned astrocytes. K+ (15, 35 mmol/L), 4‐aminopyridine (0.1, 1 mmol/L) or veratrine (1, 10 μmol/L) increased endogenous glutamate or [3H]d‐aspartate release from gliosomes. Neurotransmitter release was partly dependent on external Ca2+, suggesting the involvement of exocytotic‐like processes, and partly because of the reversal of glutamate transporters. K+ increased gliosomal membrane potential, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i, and vesicle fusion rate. Ca2+ entry into gliosomes and glutamate release were independent from voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ channel opening; they were instead abolished by 2‐[2‐[4‐(4‐nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiurea (KB‐R7943), suggesting a role for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger working in reverse mode. K+ (15, 35 mmol/L) elicited increase of [Ca2+]i and Ca2+‐dependent endogenous glutamate release in adult, not in neonatal, astrocytes in culture. Glutamate release was even more marked in in vitro neuron‐conditioned adult astrocytes. As seen for gliosomes, K+‐induced Ca2+ influx and glutamate release were abolished by KB‐R7943 also in cultured adult astrocytes. To conclude, depolarization triggers in vitro glutamate exocytosis from in situ matured adult astrocytes; an aptitude grounding on Ca2+ influx driven by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger working in the reverse mode.
Towards a framework for managing architectural design decisions

Software architecture is considered as a set of architectural design decisions. The recent trends, both in research and industry, call for improved tool support for software architects and developers to manage architectural design decisions and its associated concepts. As part of our ongoing work, we propose a framework for managing architectural design decisions in large software-intensive projects. Each component within this framework addresses specific use cases including (a) extraction and classification of design decisions from issue management systems, (b) annotation of architectural elements, (c) recommendation of alternative decision options, (d) reasoning about decisions' rationale, and (e) recommendation of experts for addressing design decisions. These components are planned to be iteratively realized and evaluated using the design science research approach. We believe that the realization of such a framework will allow an architectural knowledge management system to integrate with the design, development, and maintenance phases to support stakeholders not only to document design decisions but also to learn from decisions made in the past projects.
European Academies Advise on Gain-of-Function Studies in Influenza Virus Research

ABSTRACT Gain-of-function (GoF) studies to understand factors affecting transmissibility of potentially pandemic pathogens are controversial. The European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) recently published consensus recommendations relating to GoF research review and management on self-regulation and harmonization; bioethical considerations; benefit-risk assessment; biosafety, and biosecurity advisory options; and publication of sensitive information. A layered approach to integration of responsibilities must include conforming to the stringent rules and guidance already existing. Further commitment is essential to extend the debate on issues worldwide.
Organic geochemical studies of modern microbial mats from Shark Bay: Part I: Influence of depth and salinity on lipid biomarkers and their isotopic signatures

The present study investigated the influence of abiotic conditions on microbial mat communities from Shark Bay, a World Heritage area well known for a diverse range of extant mats presenting structural similarities with ancient stromatolites. The distributions and stable carbon isotopic values of lipid biomarkers [aliphatic hydrocarbons and polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs)] and bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope values of biomass were analysed in four different types of mats along a tidal flat gradient to characterize the microbial communities and systematically investigate the relationship of the above parameters with water depth. Cyanobacteria were dominant in all mats, as demonstrated by the presence of diagnostic hydrocarbons (e.g. n‐C17 and n‐C17:1). Several subtle but important differences in lipid composition across the littoral gradient were, however, evident. For instance, the shallower mats contained a higher diatom contribution, concordant with previous mat studies from other locations (e.g. Antarctica). Conversely, the organic matter (OM) of the deeper mats showed evidence for a higher seagrass contribution [high C/N, 13C‐depleted long‐chain n‐alkanes]. The morphological structure of the mats may have influenced CO2 diffusion leading to more 13C‐enriched lipids in the shallow mats. Alternatively, changes in CO2 fixation pathways, such as increase in the acetyl COA‐pathway by sulphate‐reducing bacteria, could have also caused the observed shifts in δ13C values of the mats. In addition, three smooth mats from different Shark Bay sites were analysed to investigate potential functional relationship of the microbial communities with differing salinity levels. The C25:1 HBI was identified in the high salinity mat only and a lower abundance of PLFAs associated with diatoms was observed in the less saline mats, suggesting a higher abundance of diatoms at the most saline site. Furthermore, it appeared that the most and least saline mats were dominated by autotrophic biomass using different CO2 fixation pathways.