Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Method for People Counting Using Low-level Features Based on SVR with PSO Optimization

People counting is an important part of video surveillance. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field using the method of feature regression. In this context, feature extraction and using a machine learning algorithm to establish the relationship of extracted feature and the number of people are two basic steps. To extract the feature of crowd, methods in the literature either using the statistics values of the foreground pixels, or using the number of corners. In this paper, in order to obtain a better description of crowd, both of the two kinds of features are obtained respectively by using the FAST algorithm and VIBE algorithm, and a processing of normalization is done to solve the problem of perspective distortion. Then, the correspondence between these features and the number of people is studied by SVR. In addition, in order to avoid the improper selection of parameters of SVR, the PSO algorithm is used to select the relevant parameters in SVR. The method has been tested on the PETS2009 datasets and the self-shooting datasets, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the method. And, the method has been extensively compared with the algorithm by Albiol et al, which provided the highest performance at the PETS 2009 contest on people counting. The results confirm that the proposed method improves the accuracy and robustness.
Creation of the Chinese visible human data set.

The United States Visible Human Project (VHP) created a digital image data set of complete human male (data acquisition finished in November 1994) and female (data acquisition finished in December 1995) cadavers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and anatomical (anatomic serial section) modes. VHP aroused worldwide enthusiasm for Visible Human Research (VHR), and the data set is being used in a variety of research and educational domains. The Visible Korean Human (VKH) male was produced in March 2001. To accelerate worldwide VHR and to promote virtual anatomy as a revolutionary break with conventional anatomy, more visible human data sets representative of different populations of the world are in demand. The Chinese Visible Human (CVH) male (created in October 2002) and female (created in February 2003) project achieved greater integrity of images, easier blood vessel identification, and were free of organic lesion (unlike the other visible human projects). We performed data acquisition, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and visualization with improved technology to create CVH male and female. CVH is the first volumetric data representing a complete normal adult human male and female of an Asian population. This article presents the history of Chinese Visible Human cadavers and the methods and technology used to produce the data set.
A reappraisal of private employers' role in providing health insurance.

BACKGROUND In 1996, according to official figures, 61 percent of Americans received health insurance through employers. However, this estimate includes persons who relied primarily on government insurance such as Medicare, workers whose employers arranged their insurance but contributed nothing toward the premiums, and government employees whose private coverage was paid for by taxpayers. METHODS To estimate the number of persons whose principal health insurance was paid for in whole or in part by employers in the private sector and the number receiving government-funded insurance, we analyzed data from the March 1997 Current Population Survey. Approximately 130,000 persons representative of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population were sampled. We considered people to be covered principally by health insurance paid for by private-sector employers if they had no public insurance coverage and were covered by insurance from a non-governmental employer who paid all or part of their premiums. Those who were covered by Medicaid, Medicare, insurance resulting from former or current military service, or the Indian Health Service were considered to be receiving government insurance. RESULTS In 1996, 43.1 percent of the population (90 percent confidence interval, 42.7 to 43.5 percent) depended principally on health insurance paid for by private-sector employers, 34.2 percent (90 percent confidence interval, 33.8 to 34.6 percent) had publicly funded insurance, 7.1 percent (90 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 7.6 percent) purchased their own coverage, and 15.6 percent (90 percent confidence interval, 15.3 to 15.9 percent) were uninsured. In only six states was more than half the population covered principally by health insurance paid for by private-sector employers. CONCLUSIONS Current definitions of health insurance overemphasize the role of private employers and underestimate the extent to which government pays for health insurance.
Politisch-kommunikative Milieus. Notwendigkeit und Nutzen einer milieutheoretischen Analyse politischer Kommunikation

Lebenslagen und Formen der Lebensführung bestimmen darüber, ob und wie die medienvermittelte politische Kommunikation Einfluss auf politische Vorstellungen, Einstellungen und Handlungen ausübt. Auf diesen Zusammenhang stoßen sowohl die Kommunikationswissenschaft als auch die Politikwissenschaft bzw. die politische Soziologie. Der Beitrag diskutiert, inwieweit die Milieutheorie helfen könnte, den offenbar prägenden lebensweltlichen Kontext angemessen zu erfassen. Zunächst wird bilanziert, wie die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung zur politischen Kommunikation die Relevanz von Dimensionen der Lebensführung zum Vorschein bringt. Daran schließt sich ein komplementärer Überblick an, wie die Politikwissenschaft bzw. die politische Soziologie die Bedeutung sozialstruktureller Dimensionen der Lebenslage für politische Einstellungen und Handlungen kennzeichnen. Abschließend wird der Milieubegriff als konzeptionelle Klammer genutzt, um Ansätze aus beiden disziplinären Perspektiven zusammenzuführen. Damit werden Grundlagen für eine milieutheoretisch instruierte Kommunikationsforschung skizziert, die zu ermitteln versteht, wie Formen politischer Kommunikation und Modi politischer Partizipation ineinandergreifen und aus welchem lebensweltlichen Gefüge diese Zusammenhänge erwachsen.
Cardiogenic shock: A review

A great expansion of interest has occurred in the syndrome of circulatory shock. The measurement of hemodynamic and metabolic variables in human beings and experimental animals now allows an orderly and integrated approach to the ill patient. In cardiogenic shock the minute output of the acutely iniured heart abruptly decreases with attendant fall in arterial blood pressure, tissue perfusion, and pH. Effective venous return to the right and left heart may be monitored by central venous pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. If low, infusion of volume expanders alone may be sufficient to reverse the shock syndrome. If drugs are required, a variety of catecholamines with alpha and beta stimulating properties are available, as well as inotropic agents such as digitalis and glucagon. Principles for their selection are discussed. The potential roles and hazards of alpha‐ and beta‐adrenergic blocking agents and steroids are also considered. When limits of pharmacologic resuscitation have been reached, mechanical aid and surgical assistance to the cardiovascular system are available. The latter promises to pe of greater importance in the future.
Using the exception from informed consent regulations in research.

This article reflects the proceedings of a breakout session, "Using the Regulations in Research" at the 2005 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, "Ethical Conduct of Resuscitation Research. " There have been two organized studies, and a number of anecdotal reports, describing the decline in cardiac arrest resuscitation research in the United States since the implementation of the Final Rule. Paradis and colleagues found that the volume of human cardiac arrest research published in the United States was significantly less in a four-year period after the Final Rule was adopted as compared to the earlier period. Nichol and colleagues reported that both the absolute number of US-based randomized cardiac arrest trials and the proportion of US-based trials (vs. foreign trials, based on the mailing address of the first author) decreased by about 15% annually. Despite the concern about a negative impact, there are at least five published trials, one in progress and one in planning that have been or are being conducted under the regulations. Those completed include the Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin, Public Access Defibrillation, Multicenter Vest CPR, Brain-CPR, and Pre-Hospital Treatment of Status Epilepticus trials. Reports of how investigators met the regulations and their experience in doing so are reviewed. A summary table of the federal regulations is provided. Participants discussed what additional information and research about using the regulations would be helpful for the promotion of quality resuscitation and emergency care research in the United States. Areas suggested for further investigation include: impact on the quality as well as quantity of such research; current level of understanding of the regulations by investigators, regulatory/IRB personnel and potential subjects (the general public); costs incurred: additional time required for preparation, approval and conducting community consultation and public disclosure; impact on research on non-life-threatening conditions; value and cost of a registry; use of a standard reporting template for issues regarding meeting the requirements in individual clinical trials; whether more specific guidance would be helpful or restrictive; what constitutes effective community consultation and public disclosure; and whether titration of community consultation and public disclosure based on the risk of the proposed intervention to subjects is feasible and acceptable.
Antibodies to a distinct antigenic determinant of staphylococcal nuclease.

Antibodies to staphylococcal nuclease have been fractionated on immunoabsorbent columns bearing selected polypeptide fragments of the enzyme. By this means a population of antibodies specific for a distinct antigenic determinant in the helix-rich, carboxyl-terminal third of nuclease was prepared. The monospecificity of these antibodies was operationally defined by ultracentrifugal analysis in the presence of nuclease. Although prepared against the intact, native nuclease molecule these antibodies are able to bind to a disordered polypeptide fragment thereof. It is postulated that the native antigenic determinant may be generated in such a fragment by spontaneous folding of the polypeptide chain.
A novel population of calretinin‐positive neurons comprises reelin‐positive Cajal‐Retzius cells in the hippocampal formation of the adult domestic pig

Calretinin‐containing neurons in the hippocampal formation, including the subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal cortex, were visualized with immunocytochemistry. Calretinin immunoreactivity was present exclusively in non‐principal cells. The largest immunoreactive cell population was found in the outer half of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of Ammon's horn. A proportion of these cells were also immunoreactive for reelin, a Cajal‐Retzius cell marker. Similar calretinin‐positive cells were found in the molecular layer of the subicular complex and entorhinal cortex. In the parasubiculum, a few immunoreactive bipolar and multipolar cells could be observed in the superficial and deep pyramidal cell layers. In the entorhinal cortex, bipolar and multipolar calretinin‐positive cells were frequent in layer II, and large numbers of multipolar cells in layer V were immunoreactive. Electron microscopic analysis showed that somata of calretinin‐positive cells contained either round nuclei with smooth nuclear envelopes or nuclei with multiple deep infoldings. Immunoreactive dendrites were smooth varicose, and the apposing axon terminals formed both symmetric and asymmetric synapses. Zonula adherentia were observed between calretinin‐positive dendrites. Calretinin‐ positive axon terminals formed two types of synapses. Axon terminals with asymmetric synapses were found close to the hippocampal fissure, whereas axon terminals forming symmetric synapses innervated spiny dendrites in both the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of Ammon's horn. Calretinin‐ positive axon terminals formed both symmetric and asymmetric synapses with calretinin‐positive dendrites. In conclusion, calretinin‐ positive neurons form two major subpopulations in the adult domestic pig hippocampus: (1) a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic subpopulation of local circuit neurons that innervates distal dendrites of principal cells in both the dentate gyrus and in Ammon's horn; and (2) Cajal‐Retzius type cells close to the hippocampal fissure, as well as in the molecular layer of the subicular complex and entorhinal cortex. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
External Shocks, Internal Shots: The Geography of Civil Conflicts

Abstract We use georeferenced information on the location of violent events in sub-Saharan African countries and provide evidence that external income shocks are important determinants of the intensity and geography of civil conflicts. More precisely, we find that (a) the incidence, intensity, and onset of conflicts are generally negatively and significantly correlated with income variations at the local level; (b) this relationship is significantly weaker for the most remote locations; and (c) at the country level, these shocks have an insignificant impact on the overall probability of conflict outbreak but do affect the probability that conflicts start in the most opened regions.
Morphometric Analysis in Neurodegenerative Disorders

The study of dendritic length and spine density has become standard in the analysis of neuronal abnormalities, since a considerable number of neurological diseases have their foundation in alterations in these structures. One of the best ways to study possible alterations in neuronal morphometry is the use of Golgi impregnation. Introduced more than a century ago, it is still the standard and state‐of‐the‐art technique for visualization of neuronal architecture. We successfully applied the Golgi method to mouse, rat, monkey, and human brain tissues for studying both the normal and abnormal morphology of neurons. We were able to discover subtle morphological alterations in neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines in different brain areas. Although Golgi preparations can be examined by electronic microscopy, we used light microscopy and reconstruction using Neurolucida software to quantitatively explore the relationship between total dendritic length and spine density in different types of neurons. This unit summarizes the methodology used to quantify neuronal abnormalities and discusses the utility of these techniques in different models of neurodegeneration. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 43:12.16. 1‐12.16. 14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultra wide band dual polarized tapered slot array with nested sub band elements

In this paper, an ultra wideband(Over 18:1 bandwidth) and dual polarized shared aperture taper slot antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of low band and high band elements, and the high band elements are arranged between the low band elements to achieve smaller aperture of antenna. The feasibility of the proposed antenna is shown through numerical simulation and experiments.
The impact of lifestyle characteristics on carotenoid intake in the United States: the 1987 National Health Interview Survey.

OBJECTIVES This study compared mean carotenoid intake in the United States by demographic and lifestyle variables to identify potential high-risk subgroups for disease. METHODS Adults 18 to 99 years of age (n = 22 080) completed a food frequency questionnaire in the 1987 National Health Interview Survey, and mean carotenoid intakes were estimated. RESULTS Carotenoid intakes were lower among Whites (vs Blacks), current smokers (vs nonsmokers), nondrinkers (vs drinkers), adults 18 to 39 years of age (vs those 40 to 69 years of age), frequent restaurant consumers (vs those who ate at home), and less educated (vs college-educated) persons. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of a carotenoid-rich diet should be communicated to high-risk subgroups.
A NEW APPROACH TO GREEN SUPPLIER SELECTION BASED ON FUZZY MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHOD AND LINEAR PHYSICAL PROGRAMMING

Original scientific paper During the last decades, supplier selection in a green supply chain has been addressed as a key issue around the world. Today, supplier selection is an essential part of competitive strategy to improve organizational profitability, productivity, and performance. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated approach that is able to handle the interdependencies among various criteria and efficiently exploit the decision makers’ opinion in determining the weights of the criteria and dealing with the constraints. Thus, a novel hybrid approach to green supplier selection is proposed and then, its practical application is illustrated in a real case study. The proposed hybrid approach consists of three phases. First, the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATEL) method is applied to construct interrelations among the criteria determined for evaluating green suppliers. Then, the criteria weights are determined through Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP). Lastly, a linear physical programming model is applied in order to obtain the best suppliers. Finally, a real-world problem is considered to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.
ADAPTATION OF THE ICRP PUBLICATION 66 RESPIRATORY TRACT MODEL TO DATA ON PLUTONIUM BIOKINETICS FOR MAYAK WORKERS

The biokinetics of inhaled plutonium were analyzed using compartment models representing their behavior within the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and in systemic tissues. The processes of aerosol deposition, particle transport, absorption, and formation of a fixed deposit in the respiratory tract were formulated in the framework of the Human Respiratory Tract Model described in ICRP Publication 66. The values of parameters governing absorption and formation of the fixed deposit were established by fitting the model to the observations in 530 autopsy cases. The influence of smoking on mechanical clearance of deposited plutonium activity was considered. The dependence of absorption on the aerosol transportability, as estimated by in vitro methods (dialysis), was demonstrated. The results of this study were compared to those obtained from an earlier model of plutonium behavior in the respiratory tract, which was based on the same set of autopsy data. That model did not address the early phases of respiratory clearance and hence underestimated the committed lung dose by about 25% for plutonium oxides. Little difference in lung dose was found for nitrate forms.
Gain Investigation for commercial GaAs and SiGe HBT LNA's under Electron irradiation

In this paper, a characterization and comparison between the effects of Electron irradiation on the gain of low noise amplifiers (LNAs) implemented Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) and Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) HBT technologies was carried out respectively. Previous studies have shown that the properties of SiGe and GaAs HBT's are very tolerant to gamma, neutron, and proton irradiation without additional radiation hardening. Nowadays, commercial on the shelves (COTS) LNAs have been used in CubeSat communication system lunched in Low and Medium Earth Orbits. It therefore believed that the electron radiation in space may degrade the LNA's performance and lead to its failure. This is shows the importance of such investigation in evaluating and comparing the performance of the GaAs and SiGe LNAs which represent an important module in the front end of the communication receiver system. Two samples of GaAs and SiGe have been selected: the ADL 5523 GaAs and the SiGe BFU730F LNAs which are respectively cover a frequency range of 400MHz to 4 GHz and 2.3 to 2.7 GHz. Samples were irradiated with 3 MeV Electron doses ranging from 50 kGy to 250 kGy in the Electron Beam Irradiation Centre (Alutron), Nuclear Malaysia Agency. Results measurement have been carry out in the RF Laboratory in the faculty of engineering (IIUM), using the vector network analyzer 50 GHz. The results indicate that both SiGe and GaAs HBT technologies have been affected by the electron Irradiation.
Expression of Fas antigen in acute myeloid leukaemia is associated with therapeutic response to chemotherapy

Flow cytometric immunofluorescent analysis was used to assess Fas antigen (CD95) expression in blasts obtained from the bone marrow of 30 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. The percentage of positive cells in each sample was highly variable. Fas antigen expression did not correlate with age, FAB subtype, white blood cell counts, or CD34 expression. Low expression of Fas was associated with a low complete remission rate after induction chemotherapy (62.5% in cases with <20% positive cells v 92.9% in cases with ≥ 20% positive cells, P<0.01). The main cause for not achieving remission was resistant disease. Our results suggest that the quantitation of Fas expression can be predictive of treatment outcome in acute myeloid leukaemia.
Corn Response to Climate Stress Detected with Satellite-Based NDVI Time Series

Corn growth conditions and yield are closely dependent on climate variability. Leaf growth, measured as the leaf area index, can be used to identify changes in crop growth in response to climate stress. This research was conducted to capture patterns of spatial and temporal corn leaf growth under climate stress for the St. Joseph River watershed, in northeastern Indiana. Leaf growth is represented by the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) retrieved from multiple years (2000–2010) of Landsat 5 TM images. By comparing NDVI values for individual image dates with the derived normal curve, the response of crop growth to environmental factors is quantified as NDVI residuals. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between yield and NDVI residual during the pre-silking period, indicating that NDVI residuals reflect crop stress in the early growing period that impacts yield. Both the mean NDVI residuals and the percentage of image pixels where corn was under stress (risky pixel rate) are significantly correlated with water stress. Dry weather is prone to hamper potential crop growth, with stress affecting most of the observed corn pixels in the area. Oversupply of rainfall at the end of the growing season was not found to have a measurable effect on crop growth, while above normal precipitation earlier in the growing season reduces the risk of yield loss at the watershed scale. The spatial extent of stress is much lower when precipitation is above normal than under dry conditions, masking the impact of small areas of yield loss at the watershed scale.