Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterozygosity for the Mood Disorder-Associated Variant Gln460Arg Alters P2X7 Receptor Function and Sleep Quality

A single nucleotide polymorphism substitution from glutamine (Gln, Q) to arginine (Arg, R) at codon 460 of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has repeatedly been associated with mood disorders. The P2X7R-Gln460Arg variant per se is not compromised in its function. However, heterologous expression of P2X7R-Gln460Arg together with wild-type P2X7R has recently been demonstrated to impair receptor function. Here we show that this also applies to humanized mice coexpressing both human P2X7R variants. Primary hippocampal cells derived from heterozygous mice showed an attenuated calcium uptake upon agonist stimulation. While humanized mice were unaffected in their behavioral repertoire under basal housing conditions, mice that harbor both P2X7R variants showed alterations in their sleep quality resembling signs of a prodromal disease stage. Also healthy heterozygous human subjects showed mild changes in sleep parameters. These results indicate that heterozygosity for the wild-type P2X7R and its mood disorder-associated variant P2X7R-Gln460Arg represents a genetic risk factor, which is potentially able to convey susceptibility to mood disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Depression and bipolar disorder are the most common mood disorders. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) regulates many cellular functions. Its polymorphic variant Gln460Arg has repeatedly been associated with mood disorders. Genetically engineered mice, with human P2X7R, revealed that heterozygous mice (i.e., they coexpress the disease-associated Gln460Arg variant together with its normal version) have impaired receptor function and showed sleep disturbances. Human participants with the heterozygote genotype also had subtle alterations in their sleep profile. Our findings suggest that altered P2X7R function in heterozygote individuals disturbs sleep and might increase the risk for developing mood disorders.
Evolving recurrent neural controllers for sequential tasks: a parallel implementation

Evolution of complex behaviours requires a careful selection of genetic algorithm parameters and a large number of computations. In this paper, we considered evolution of recurrent neural controllers for nonMarkovian sequential tasks using a regional model genetic algorithm. The subpopulations apply different strategies and compete with each other. Simulation and experimental results using cyber rodent robot indicate that regional model outperformed single population genetic algorithm by distributing the genetic resources effectively as different strategies successful during the course of evolution.
Time-dependent inhibition of hindlimb somatic afferent inputs to nucleus tractus solitarius.

1. In the present investigation, experiments were performed in anesthetized, paralyzed rats (n = 40) to 1) identify and characterize responses of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons to hindlimb somatic afferent inputs; 2) determine if hindlimb somatic inputs to NTS undergo time-dependent inhibition similar to that observed among visceral afferent inputs; and 3) determine if somatic afferent-evoked NTS unit discharge is altered by activation of baroreceptor afferent inputs. 2. Extracellular discharge was recorded from single NTS units following electrical stimulation (approximately 500 microA) of the contralateral tibial nerve (TN) (skeletal muscle afferents), sural nerve (SN) (cutaneous afferents), and the ipsilateral aortic nerve (AN) (baroreceptor afferents). To identify possible time-dependent interactions, a paired pulse or conditioning-test stimulation procedure was employed. The activity of NTS neurons was recorded in response to test stimuli delivered to either TN or SN first in the absence and then in the presence of conditioning stimuli delivered to TN, SN, or AN 50, 150, and 250 ms before the test stimuli. 3. The results indicate that among 31 NTS cells activated by somatic nerve stimulation, 14 (approximately 50%) received convergent inputs from both the TN and SN, 9 responded to TN stimulation only and 2 were activated by SN stimulation only. These cells were not spontaneously active but showed two distinct patterns of evoked discharge. Some had only a short latency, unimodal response that averaged 25.5 +/- 2.0 (SE) ms for TN inputs (n = 21) and 27.9 +/- 2.8 ms for SN inputs (n = 8). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterizing Relationships through Co-clustering - A Probabilistic Approach

In this paper we propose a probabilistic co-clustering approach for pattern discovery in collaborative filtering data. We extend the Block Mixture Model in order to learn about the structures and relationships within preference data. The resulting model can simultaneously cluster users into communities and items into categories. Besides its predictive capabilities, the model enables the discovery of significant knowledge patterns, such as the analysis of common trends and relationships between items and users within communities/categories. We reformulate the mathematical model and implement a parameter estimation technique. Next, we show how the model parameters enable pattern discovery tasks, namely: (i) to infer topics for each items category and characteristic items for each user community; (ii) to model community interests and transitions among topics. Experiments on MovieLens data provide evidence about the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Electroreduction of Sulfur Dioxide in Some Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids

The mechanism of sulfur dioxide reduction at a platinum microelectrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in several room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs)[C2mim][NTf2], [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NO3], [C4mim][PF6], and [C6mim][Cl] where [C2mim] is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C4mim] is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C6mim] is 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, and [NTf2] is bis(trifluoromethylsufonyl)imidewith special attention paid to [C4mim][NO3] because of the well-defined voltammetry, high solubility, and relatively low diffusion coefficient of SO2 obtained in that ionic liquid. A cathodic peak is observed in all RTILs between −2.0 and −1.0 V versus a silver quasi-reference electrode. In [C4mim][NO3], the peak appears at −1.0 V, and potential step chronoamperometry was used to determine that SO2 has a very high solubility of 3100 (±450) mM and a diffusion coefficient of 5.0 (±0.8) × 10-10 m2 s-1 in that ionic liquid. On the reverse wave, up to four anodic peaks are observed at ca. −0.4, −0.3, −0.2, and 0.2.
DNA Methylation-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

To identify epigenetically-regulated genes in breast cancer, MCF-7 cells were exposed to 250nM 5-aza or 5-aza + 50nM TSA for 3 weeks followed by a 5 week recovery period after treatment withdrawal and gene expression patterns were examined by microarray analysis. We identified 20 genes that are associated with a >2-fold increase in expression in response to the demethylating treatment but returned to control levels after treatment withdrawal. RT-PCR verified that the genes identified were expressed at low or undetectable levels in control MCF-7 cells, but increased expression in treated cells. Most of these putative epigentically-regulated genes in MCF-7 cells do not contain CpG islands. In fact, these genes could be classified based upon their promoter CpG features, including genes with: (i) typical CpG features (CpG islands), (ii) intermediate CpG features (weak CpG islands), and (iii) atypical CpG features (no CpG islands). Prototype genes from each class (including CpG-deficient genes) were shown to be methylation-sensitive (subject to CpG methylation and responsive to demethylating agents), suggesting that not all gene targets of DNA methylation in breast cancer will contain a CpG island. Based upon the results of the current study and observations from the literature, we propose expansion of the current model for methylation-dependent regulation of gene expression to include genes lacking typical CpG islands. The expanded model we propose recognizes that all promoter CpG dinucleotides represent legitimate targets for DNA methylation and that the methylation of specific CpG dinucleotides in critical domains of regulatory regions can result in gene silencing.
Ixodes scapularis: effects of repeated infestations with pathogen-free nymphs on macrophage and T lymphocyte cytokine responses of BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice.

Schoeler, G. B. , Manweiler, S. A. , and Wikel, S. K. 1999. Ixodes scapularis: Effects of repeated infestations with pathogen-free nymphs on macrophage and T lymphocyte cytokine responses of BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice. Experimental Parasitology 92, 239-248. Ixodes scapularis is the principal vector in the United States of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, the human granulocytic ehrichiosis agent, and Babesia microti. Infestation with I. scapularis nymphs has previously been shown to modulate host T lymphocyte cytokine production. Tick-induced host immunomodulation is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in successful transmission and/or establishment of tick-borne pathogens. This study was conducted to determine the effects of repeated infestations with pathogen-free I. scapularis nymphs on the production of the macrophage cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the T lymphocyte cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and interferon-gamma in both BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice. The pattern of T lymphocyte cytokine production was evaluated to determine if repeated tick infestation polarizes the immune response toward a Th-1 or Th-2 cytokine profile. Female BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice were infested one to four times with pathogen-free I. scapularis nymphs, with a 14-day tick-free period between each exposure. After each infestation, tick biology parameters were measured and macrophage and T lymphocyte cytokine production was assessed. Elaboration of T lymphocyte and macrophage cytokines was quantitated by antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acquired resistance to I. scapularis feeding was not developed by either mouse strain. Significant differences in cytokine production were observed between infested and noninfested mice, as well as between the two mouse strains, following tick infestation. Infestation of both strains with pathogen-free I. scapularis results in a polarization of the host immune response toward a Th-2, anti-inflammatory pattern, with a corresponding suppression of Th-1 responses.
Difference in Nutrient Biomarkers Concentration by Habitual Intake of Milk among Preschool Children in an Urban Area of Indonesia

Cite this article: Prawirohartono EP, Lestari SK, Nurani N, Sitaresmi MN (2015) Difference in Nutrient Biomarkers Concentration by Habitual Intake of Milk among Preschool Children in an Urban Area of Indonesia. J Hum Nutr Food Sci 3(1): 1055. *Corresponding author Endy P. Prawirohartono, Pediatric Research Office, Department of Child Health, Medical School, Gadjah Mada University/ Sardjito Hospital, Jalan Kesehatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia, Tel: 62274561616; Fax: +62274583745; Email: Submitted: 23 September 2014 Accepted: 17 January 2015 Published: 22 January 2015 ISSN: 2333-6706 Copyright © 2015 Prawirohartono et al.
Statistical tests for whether a given set of independent, identically distributed draws comes from a specified probability density

We discuss several tests for determining whether a given set of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) draws does not come from a specified probability density function. The most commonly used are Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, particularly Kuiper’s variant, which focus on discrepancies between the cumulative distribution function for the specified probability density and the empirical cumulative distribution function for the given set of i.i. d. draws. Unfortunately, variations in the probability density function often get smoothed over in the cumulative distribution function, making it difficult to detect discrepancies in regions where the probability density is small in comparison with its values in surrounding regions. We discuss tests without this deficiency, complementing the classical methods. The tests of the present paper are based on the plain fact that it is unlikely to draw a random number whose probability is small, provided that the draw is taken from the same distribution used in calculating the probability (thus, if we draw a random number whose probability is small, then we can be confident that we did not draw the number from the same distribution used in calculating the probability).
Mesoporous carbon nanomaterials in drug delivery and biomedical application

Abstract Recent development of nano-technology provides highly efficient and versatile treatment methods to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and lower side effects of malignant cancer. The exploration of drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nano-material shows great promise in translating nano-technology to clinical use to benefit patients. As an emerging inorganic nanomaterial, mesoporous carbon nanomaterials (MCNs) possess both the mesoporous structure and the carbonaceous composition, endowing them with superior nature compared with mesoporous silica nanomaterials and other carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotube, graphene and fullerene. In this review, we highlighted the cutting-edge progress of carbon nanomaterials as drug delivery systems (DDSs), including immediate/sustained drug delivery systems and controlled/targeted drug delivery systems. In addition, several representative biomedical applications of mesoporous carbon such as (1) photo-chemo synergistic therapy; (2) delivery of therapeutic biomolecule and (3) in vivo bioimaging are discussed and integrated. Finally, potential challenges and outlook for future development of mesoporous carbon in biomedical fields have been discussed in detail.
Effect of limestone reactivity and percent on production by dairy cows in early lactation.

Seventy-two Holstein cows (16 first lactation) were assigned to four treatments: A) normal-grind limestone (800 to 1000 mu) added to provide . 77% calcium (total ration dry basis); B) fine-grind limestone (less than 150 mu) at . 77% calcium; C) normal-grind at 1.15% calcium; and D) fine-grind limestone at 1.15% calcium. Cows fed diets containing . 77% calcium had higher percent milk fat and fat yield than those fed 1.15% calcium diets, and cows fed fine-grind limestone had greater percent fat and fat yield than those fed normal-grind limestone. Four percent fat-corrected milk was higher for cows fed . 77% calcium diets. Trends were similar for heifers in first lactation. Dry matter intake was higher for cows fed . 77% calcium diets, and nutrient efficiency for milk synthesis favored cows fed fine-grind 1.15% calcium. Fecal pH was higher during wk 4 on treatment for cows fed high calcium diets; however, 8 wk were not different. Fecal starch and calcium and phosphorus in plasma were not different between treatments: however, heifers fed fine-grind 1.15% calcium showed a decrease of fecal starch with time.
Thromboelastometry as a supplementary tool for evaluation of hemostasis in severe sepsis and septic shock

Sepsis leads to disruption of hemostasis, making early evaluation of coagulation essential. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed investigation of coagulation and the use of blood products in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, admitted to a multidisciplinary intensive care unit.
VaiR: Simulating 3D Airflows in Virtual Reality

The integration of multi-sensory stimuli, e.g. haptic airflow, in virtual reality (VR) has become an important topic of VR research and proved to enhance the feeling of presence. VaiR focuses on an accurate and realistic airflow simulation that goes far beyond wind. While previous works on the topic of airflow in VR are restricted to wind, while focusing on the feeling of presence, there is to the best of our knowledge no work considering the conceptual background or on the various application areas. Our pneumatic prototype emits short and long term flows with a minimum delay and is able to animate wind sources in 3D space around the user's head. To get insights on how airflow can be used in VR and how such a device should be designed, we arranged focus groups and discussed the topic. Based on the gathered knowledge, we developed a prototype which proved to increase presence, as well as enjoyment and realism, while not disturbing the VR experience.
Assessment of serum antibody patterns and analysis of subgingival microflora of members of a family with a high prevalence of early-onset periodontitis

In a study of members of a large family with a high prevalence of early-onset periodontitis, we sampled the subgingival microflora and characterized 40 isolates from each sample. We surveyed serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies reacting with any of a panel of 21 periodontal bacteria. The mother and 7 of her 13 children had early-onset periodontitis. Bacteroides gingivalis was not detected in the subgingival flora of any affected or unaffected family member, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from only one affected child. Capnocytophaga ochracea was isolated from five of seven affected children and from none of their normal siblings. We found no significant differences among the floras from family members who had rapidly progressive, juvenile, and prepubertal forms of periodontitis. Elevated levels of serum antibody reacting with one or more of the bacteria tested were found in all family members with disease, but in only one periodontally normal family member. Both children with prepubertal periodontitis had antibodies reacting with C. sputigena, a species not found in their subgingival floras, but with none of the other bacteria tested. All remaining affected family members had antibodies to one or more serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and four had antibodies reacting with additional bacteria, including C. sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Haemophilus aphrophilus. Sera from patients contained antibodies specific for putative periodontal pathogens not found in their pocket flora, and conversely, putative periodontal pathogens for which no serum antibodies were found frequently comprised a large proportion (10% or more) of the pocket flora. In no case were both the bacterium and its antibody found. These observations are suggestive of sequential infection in the early-onset forms of periodontitis and of induction of protective immunity against reinfection by the same microorganism.
Increased Renal Metabolism in Diabetes: Mechanism and Functional Implications

The coupling between the Na+/glucose cotransporter and Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) described for epithelial cells (1) prompted us to study in rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes the effect of increased tubular glucose load on tubular Na+ reabsorption, NKA-dependent O2 consumption (QO2), and NKA activity. Filtered glucose is mainly reabsorbed in the proximal tubuli via the phlorizin-sensitive Na+/glucose cotransporter. In this study, the diabetic rats had a significantly higher renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and Na+ reabsorption than the control rats. Total renal QO2 as well as QO2 in cortical tissue, which consists mainly of proximal tubular cells, was significantly higher in diabetic than in control rats. The increase in tissue QO2 was entirely caused by increased NKA-dependent QO2. NKA activity, measured as rate of ATP hydrolysis, was increased in cortical tubular but not glomerular tissue from diabetic rats. Phlorizin treatment abolished the increase in NKA activity, Na+ reabsorption, and QO2, as well as the increase in RBF and GFR in diabetic rats. We conclude that diabetes is associated with increased renal O2 metabolism secondary to the increase in coupled Na+ reabsorption via the Na+/glucose cotransporter and NKA. The increased oxygen consumption might contribute to the hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration in the diabetic kidney.
Study of pharmacological effect of Verbena officinalis Linn: A review

Verbena officinalis Linn, the common vervain or common verbena, is a perennial herb native to Europe. It grows up to a meter high, with an upright habitus. The lobed leaves are toothed, the delicate spikes hold mauve flowers. This plant prefers limey soils . The aim of this study was to overview its therapeutic effects than its nutritive and industrial effects. This review article was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Iran Medex databases . The initial search strategy identified about 128 references. In this study, 113 studies was accepted for further screening and met all our inclusion criteria [in English, full text, therapeutic effects of Verbena officinalis Linn and dated mainly from the year 1964 to 2015.The search terms were “Verbena officinalis Linn. ”, lemon balm, “therapeutic properties”, “pharmacological effects”. It is commonly used for ameliorative effect, antitumor, pharmacokinetic effect. antioxidant and antifungal activity, antiradical efficacy, analgesic activity, neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammatory activity, inflammatory, wound healing, anti-trypanosomacruzi activity, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities, antioxidant/anti -inflammatory ,anti-rhinosinusitis, biological activity, anti-skin infection.Verbena officinalis Linn. Possess very therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, it is still required to carry out more studies on this plant to identify its other properties.
HLA‐DO is a lysosomal resident which requires association with HLA‐DM for efficient intracellular transport.

The murine MHC class II molecule H2‐O is expressed in B‐cells and in thymic epithelium but the human equivalent, HLA‐DO (DO), has not been detected, though the corresponding genes, HLA‐DNA and HLA‐DOB, are well known. Here we show DO to be a lysosomal resident in B‐cells. Surprisingly, DO forms stable complexes with HLA‐DM (DM), another lysosomal class II‐like molecule which is important for class II‐restricted antigen presentation. Association with DM is necessary for efficient exit of DO from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thus for accumulation in lysosomes. The association is evolutionarily conserved and in mice lacking H2‐M, the mouse equivalent of DM, the amount of intracellular H2‐O is decreased and only minor amounts of H2‐O appear to leave the ER. The DO‐DM complexes survive in the lysosomal system suggesting that DO and DM functions may be intertwined.
A Ubiquitous Business Community (UBC) Model for Clusters

Nowadays a growing convergence of computing platforms, mobile telephony, broadband and wireless networks allow small firms to implement strategies and business transactions that once were only affordable to medium and large size companies. In this context, a Ubiquitous Business Community (UBC) can be defined as a computer application designed to promote the interaction between members of a business community despite their location or computing platforms, anytime (allowing synchronous or asynchronous interactions), anywhere, sensitive to the context of users (location, information needs, time demands, user profiles), as well as to business transactions opportunities. This work presents an UBC model that has the potential to leverage interactions and to promote business transactions and collaboration inside a cluster. This model can underpin the creation of prototypes or systems to implement an UBC in a real cluster.