Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy of the northern part of the Ruby Range, southwestern Montana

The northern third of the Ruby Range, southwestern Montana, contains about 5,000 feet (1,525 m) of Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks overlying a basement of Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Mesozoic rocks are represented by a nonrnarine conglomerate, the Beaverhead Formation. The Cambrian sequence, composed largely of carbonate rocks, comprises the Flathead Sandstone at the base, Wolsey Shale, Meagher Limestone, Park Shale, Pilgrim Dolomite, and the Red Lion Formation. The Meagher Limestone is mainly dolomite in the southern part of the area, limestone in the northern part. The Pilgrim Dolomite is divisible into two main parts: cyclically interbedded dolomitic strata 2to 10-inch (5-25 cm) thick in the lower part, mainly dolomitic quartz sandstone and sandy dolomite in the upper part. The Red Lion Formation is composed mainly of dolomite; the upper third is dominated by bedded, dome-shaped, and columnar stromatolites. The Devonian is represented by the Jefferson Formation, a dolomite unit containing several interstratified units of silty shale, and the lower part of the Three Forks Formation. The Three Forks is composed largely of clay shale but contains a prominent medial limestone unit. The upper (Mississippian) part of the Three Forks is overlain by three Mississippian formations. The Lodgepole Limestone is constituted of limy shale in the lower half and fossiliferous limestone in the upper half. It is overlain by the Mission Canyon Limestone, a formation that locally contains solution breccias and minor amounts of interbedded dolomite. The overlying red beds, made up of dolomite and sandstone, are questionably assigned to the Kibbey Formation. Pennsylvania rocks are represented by the Quadrant Sandstone, made up of interbedded limestone and sandstone in nearly equal amounts. The Mesozoic is represented by a nonmarine conglomerate that is correlated with the Beaverhead Formation. It is composed of clasts derived from Paleozoic carbonate units and Precambrian (Belt Supergroup) quartzite. INTRODUCTION The Ruby Range is a north-trending block of mountains about 30 mi (50 km) long and 12 mi (20 km) wide, nearly surrounded by intermontane basins containing broad benchlands and alluvial sur-
POPULATION-BASED APPROACH TO ANALYZE SPARSE SAMPLING DATA IN BIOPHARMACEUTIC AND PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES USING NONMEM AND MONOLIX

Email: a.k. nugroho@ugm.ac. id ABSTRACT Although it has been developed since 1972, the application of a population-based modeling approach in Indonesia, particularly to analyze biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic data remains very limited. This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of Monolix and NONMEM, two of the popular software packages in a population-based modeling approach, to analyze the limited data (sparse data) of the time profiles of the simulated plasma drug concentration of a theoretical compound. Monolix and NONMEM were used to model the limited data (40 data points) resulting from random selection of 180 data points of plasma drug concentrations (Cp) in 20 subjects at 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 3; 6; 12 and 18 hours after per-oral administration of a 100mg of a theoretical compound. Values of the absorption rate constant (Ka), the elimination rate constant (Kel) and the distribution volume (Vd) of sparse data estimated using Monolix and NONMEM, were compared to the respective values of rich data obtained by a conventional two-stage approach using PKSolver. The calculation system of a nonlinear mixed effect model in Monolix and NONMEM, successfully describes the sparse data, based on the visual evaluation of the goodness of fit. Comparison of parameter estimates of population values in Monolix and NONMEM are in the range of 94 to 108% of the real values of the rich data analyzed by PKSolver. A population-based modeling can adequately describe limited or sparse data, demonstrating its capability as an important tool in clinical studies, involving patients.
Talent Management in a Microeconomy

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in talent management, but there is still considerable debate with regard to understanding of the meaning of talent. While talent management has been criticized for the lack of conceptual and intellectual foundation, this paper aimed at exploring the systematic approaches to talent management in Icelandic organizations. A qualitative study was performed and interviews were conducted with 10 human resources managers. The results indicated that there were positive attitudes towards the talent management. Also, the interviewees described talent management as a rather new phenomenon within Icelandic companies. Talent management was defined by the managers as a powerful tool to monitor, attract, and develop their employees’ skills and retain new talent.
Environmental temporal technology transfers in CO2 reductions for airlines

This paper looks at aircrat as a case study in order to examine some of the forces that influence environmentally beneficial technology changes. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO2 per seat in aircraft design are examined in terms of the costs of aviation fuel, the movement towards fuel trading, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry.The results suggest a significant role played by technology transfer from one model of aircraft to another in influencing the fuel efficiency of aircrafts, with raising fuel prices over the long-term also being significant.
Biogeosciences The role of ocean transport in the uptake of anthropogenic CO 2

We compare modeled oceanic carbon uptake in response to pulse CO 2 emissions using a suite of global ocean models and Earth system models. In response to a CO 2 pulse emission of 590 Pg C (corresponding to an instantaneous doubling of atmospheric CO 2 from 278 to 556 ppm), the fraction of CO2 emitted that is absorbed by the ocean is: 37 ±8%, 56±10%, and 81±4% (model mean±2σ) in year 30, 100, and 1000 after the emission pulse, respectively. Modeled oceanic uptake of pulse CO 2 on timescales from decades to about a century is strongly correlated with simulated presentday uptake of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and CO 2 across all models, while the amount of pulse CO 2 absorbed by the ocean from a century to a millennium is strongly correlated with modeled radiocarbon in the deep Southern and Pacific Ocean. However, restricting the analysis to models that are capable of reproducing observations within uncertainty, the correlation is generally much weaker. The rates of surfaceCorrespondence to: L. Cao (longcao@stanford.edu) to-deep ocean transport are determined for individual models from the instantaneous doubling CO 2 simulations, and they are used to calculate oceanic CO 2 uptake in response to pulse CO2 emissions of different sizes pulses of 1000 and 5000 Pg C. These results are compared with simulated oceanic uptake of CO2 by a number of models simulations with the coupling of climate-ocean carbon cycle and without it. This comparison demonstrates that the impact of different ocean transport rates across models on oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 is of similar magnitude as that of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks in a single model, emphasizing the important role of ocean transport in the uptake of anthropogenic CO 2.
Estimation and Mapping of Dates Palm Using Landsat-8 Images: A Case Study in Baghdad City

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important and the oldest crops in Iraq. It is suffered from degradation due to various economical and numerous military conflicts. In this paper, a different method based on the Landsat-8 images has presented which is used to map the region of interest and to estimate dates palm trees. This method based on a Least Square Model (LSM) for statistical relations between different spectral indices (NDVI, EVI, NDMI) and tasselled cap parameters with in situ data. As a result, the best developed model was produced using fourth component of tasselled cap transformation with a correlation of R2 = 0.95 with in situ data. Thus, the results show that the Landsat-8 images are useful to estimate and monitor date palm area with high accuracy. This result is encouraging to estimate other parameters that concerned to the date palm.
CdTe quantum dots precipitation of monodisperse fractions from colloid solutions

CdTe nanocrystals were prepared in aqueous solution by the reaction between Cd 2+ and H2Te, obtained electrochemically in a galvanostatic cell, in the presence of thioglycolic acid. Subsequently, we have investigated precipitation of monodisperse fractions of CdTe quantum dots from polydisperse colloid solutions. In addition, the photoluminescence characteristics of these systems were studied in detail.
Autofocus and analysis of geometrical errors within the framework of fast factorized back-projection

This paper describes a Fast Factorized Back-Projection (FFBP) formulation that includes a fully integrated autofocus algorithm, i.e. the Factorized Geometrical Autofocus (FGA) algorithm. The base-two factorization is executed in a horizontal plane, using a Merging (M) and a Range History Preserving (RHP) transform. Six parameters are adopted for each sub-aperture pair, i.e. to establish the geometry stage-by-stage via triangles in 3-dimensional space. If the parameters are derived from navigation data, the algorithm is used as a conventional processing chain. If the parameters on the other hand are varied from a certain factorization step and forward, the algorithm is used as a joint image formation and autofocus strategy. By regulating the geometry at multiple resolution levels, challenging defocusing effects, e.g. residual space-variant Range Cell Migration (RCM), can be corrected. The new formulation also serves another important purpose, i.e. as a parameter characterization scheme. By using the FGA algorithm and its inverse, relations between two arbitrary geometries can be studied, in consequence, this makes it feasible to analyze how errors in navigation data, and topography, affect image focus. The versatility of the factorization procedure is demonstrated successfully on simulated Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. This is achieved by introducing different GPS/IMU errors and Focus Target Plane (FTP) deviations prior to processing. The characterization scheme is then employed to evaluate the sensitivity, to determine at what step the autofocus function should be activated, and to decide the number of necessary parameters at each step. Resulting FGA images are also compared to a reference image (processed without errors and autofocus) and to a defocused image (processed without autofocus), i.e. to validate the novel approach further.
Gait characteristics as indicators of cognitive impairment in geriatric patients: Karakteristieken van het lopen als indicatoren van cognitieve achteruitgang in geriatrische patiënten

‘Ouder worden komt met gebreken’. Met andere woorden: Met de leeftijd neemt het aantal comorbiditeiten en chronische condities toe. Met het stijgen van de levensverwachting kunnen we daarom verwachten dat het aantal ouderen dat gespecialiseerde geriatrische zorg nodig heeft ook zal stijgen. Geriaters richten zich op deze kwetsbare populatie, en hebben als doel om ziektes te behandelen en functies van het dagelijks leven zoveel mogelijk te behouden. Cognitieve achteruitgang (zoals vormen van dementie of milde cognitieve problematiek (MCI)) heeft een desastreus e ect op het dagelijks functioneren van ouderen. Ondanks dat medische behandelingen cognitieve achteruitgang nog niet kunnen ‘genezen’, blijken doelgerichte interventies het ziekteproces wel te vertragen. Omdat er een duidelijk verband is aangetoond tussen motorisch- en cognitief functioneren in verschillende takken van wetenschappelijk onderzoek (e.g., neurowetenschappen en gedragswetenschappen), veronderstelt het huidige proefschrift dat karakteristieken van het lopen kunnen dienen als non-invasieve indicatoren van cognitieve achteruitgang in geriatrische patienten. Het overkoepelende doel van dit proefschrift was daarom om meer inzicht te verkrijgen in de relatie tussen lopen en cognitie in geriatrische patienten, waarbij een breed scala aan loopvariabelen is berekend uit 3D-acceleraties van de onderrug (gerelateerd aan loopsnelheid en de dynamica van het lopen). De ‘Loss of Complexity’ hypothese heeft gefungeerd als theoretisch kader. Multivariate analyses zijn vervolgens gebruikt om loopvariabelen te relateren aan cognitieve- en val-status.
A product formula for valuations on manifolds with applications to the integral geometry of the quaternionic line

The Alesker–Poincaré pairing for smooth valuations on manifolds is expressed in terms of the Rumin differential operator acting on the cosphere-bundle. It is shown that the derivation operator, the signature operator and the Laplace operator acting on smooth valuations are formally self-adjoint with respect to this pairing. As an application, the product structure of the space of SU.2/and translation invariant valuations on the quaternionic line is described. The principal kinematic formula on the quaternionic line H is stated and proved. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 53C65.
Graphene Synthesis, Catalysis with Transition Metals and Their Interactions by Laser Photolysis

Bonex W Mwakikunga and Kenneth T Hillie (2011). Graphene Synthesis, Catalysis with Transition Metals and Their Interactions by Laser Photolysis, Graphene - Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications, Jian Ru Gong (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-292-0, InTech
Link Capacity Provisioning and Server Location Decision in Server Migration Service

Server migration service (SMS) has been proposed as a new class of service to augment the existing IaaS (Infras-tructure as a Service) cloud service. SMS allows servers (server-side processes of a network application) to dynamically and automatically migrate close to their clients (client-side processes of the network application) in order to reduce the penalty that the SMS provider pays to is SMS subscribers when failing to provide them with the guaranteed level of QoS. In this paper, we tackle a link capacity provisioning and server location decision problem where we consider the sum of link capacity provisioning cost and the penalty as the total expenditure of SMS business, and aim at minimizing the total expenditure. In the problem, we determine how much capacity to add to links, and when and to which location to migrate servers. We formulate the problem as an integer programming model, solve the model, and obtain the optimal link capacities, server locations at each time, and the global optimum value of the total expenditure of SMS business. Numerical examples show that the proposed method decreases the total expenditure of SMS business by up to 49% compared to a conventional method that determines the server locations while fixing the link capacities.
Study and Detection of Eye Blink Artifacts in EEG Signals

Electroencephalography is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp of a human brain. It is most often used for clinical purposes and for brain-computer interface. The Electroencephalogram signals which record the neural activity are contaminated with Eye Blink artifacts a lot which leads to problems in brain Computer Interface systems and also in clinical diagnosis. To analyze these signals it is necessary that the EEG recording should be artifact free. In this paper, we study about the eye blink artifacts which make the electroencephalogram noisy and then we detect the presence of these eye blink artifacts and localize and visualize them using Spectrogram and Continuous Wavelet Transform.
3 D shape identification of parallelepiped flaw by means of biaxial MFLT using neural network

In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the three-dimensional shape of a parallelepiped flaw and identify its location, i.e. the horizontal position and the located surface, by means of biaxial Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing (MFLT), employing a Neural Network (NN). The specimen is a magnetic material (SS400) subjected to a magnetic field, and the magnetic flux in the specimen leaks near the flaw. We measure the biaxial Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL), i.e., the tangential and the normal components of the MFL, along a line parallel to the specimen's surface. We then approximate the measured biaxial MFL distributions by means of elementary functions with a small number of coefficients. The approximation coefficients are extracted as Characteristic Quantities (CQs) of the MFL distribution. The horizontal position of the flaw along the measurement line is characterized by some of these CQs. NN is used to infer the cross section of the flaw, i.e., the width, depth, and located surface of the CQs. By repeating a similar process along several measurement lines parallel to the specimen's surface, we can identify the three-dimensional shape of the flaw, including its location. The NN, trained with several known flaws, was found to be able to evaluate the three-dimensional shape and location of a parallelepiped flaw with a high level of accuracy. Keyword: NDT; MFLT; neural network; flaw detection; magnetic sensor
Phosphorus addition mitigates N 2 O and CH 4 emissions in N-saturated subtropical forest, SW China

Abstract. Chronically elevated nitrogen (N) deposition has led to severe nutrient imbalance in forest soils. Particularly in tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems, increasing N loading has aggravated phosphorus (P) limitation of biomass production, and has resulted in elevated emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and reduced uptake of methane (CH4), both of which are important greenhouse gases. Yet, the interactions of N and P and their effects on greenhouse gas emissions remain elusive. Here, we report N2O and CH4 emissions together with soil N and P data for a period of 18 months following a single P addition (79 kg P ha−1, as NaH2PO4 powder) to an N-saturated, Masson pine-dominated forest soil at TieShanPing (TSP), Chongqing, south-western (SW) China. We observed a significant decline in both nitrate (NO3−) concentrations in soil water (5 and 20 cm depths) and in soil N2O emissions, following P application. We hypothesise that enhanced N uptake by plants in response to P addition, resulted in less available NO3− for denitrification. By contrast to most other forest ecosystems, TSP is a net source of CH4. P addition significantly decreased CH4 emissions and turned the soil from a net source into a net sink. Based on our observation and previous studies in South America and China, we believe that P addition relieves N inhibition of CH4 oxidation. Within the 1.5 years after P addition, no significant increase of forest growth was observed and P stimulation of forest N uptake by understorey vegetation remains to be confirmed. Our study indicates that P fertilisation of N-saturated, subtropical forest soils may mitigate N2O and CH4 emissions, in addition to alleviating nutrient imbalances and reducing losses of N through NO3− leaching.
Does Corporate Governance Reduce the Overinvestment of Free Cash Flow? Empirical Evidence from China

This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and firm level overinvestment of free cash flow based on a broad cross-sectional sample of 1411 firm-year observations of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in China over the period 2003 to 2010. By following the creative approach to measure overinvestment and free cash flow suggested by Richardson (2006), the results show that there is a significantly positive association between overinvestment and free cash flow. Further analysis reveals that this positive association is mainly driven by state-owned enterprises sub-group. Finally, this paper explores the governance role of firmâ€™s board of directors and debt financing in controlling overinvestment of free cash flow. The results indicate that state-owned enterprises with a large board of directors are more likely to engage in overinvestment of free cash flow. Contrary to the theoretical expectation, there is no evidence suggesting that the independence of the board of directors, as measured by either the proportion of non-executive directors on the board or the seperation of roles of board chairman and CEO, is significantly negatively associated with overinvestment of free cash flow. However, I find that both short-term debt (debt maturity structure) and total leverage can significantly reduce the likelihood of state-owned enterprisesâ€™ overinvestment. Furthermore, the governance role of short-term debt in constraining overinvestment is even stronger for private-owned enterprises with high free cash flow and low growth opportunities. However, bank loan has no impact on the reduction in the degree of overinvestment of free cash flow. These results above show that the board of directors is ineffective in alleviating the firmâ€™s level of overinvestment of free cash flow. According to relevant provisions of newly promulgated companies law in China, the board of directors should hold overall responsibility for ensuring that shareholdersâ€™ interests are not expropriated by self-interested managers, however, it doesâ€™t perform functions very well.
The Rice Soil Fertility Capability Classification System

The Rice Soil Fertility Capability Classification (RSFCC) is based on FCC (Fertility Capability Classification) system, with some modifications. The system deals with soil morphology, physics, and chemistry characteristics. Most of the class limits of modifiers are borrowed from soil taxonomy, others could be from field observation, which consists of 4 categories and based on three soil layers. The upper layer coincides with the top 20cm or Type (C for clay and L for Loamy). The soil below the upper layer from 20 to 50cm is referred to the Substrata Type (C for Clay and L for Loamy), and from 50 to 100cm is referred to Subsoil Type (C for Clay, L for Loamy, and S for Sandy). The condition modifiers, directly relevant to plant growth, include a, a - c, c - , e, f, f - , g + , i, n - , s, s - , o, p. Some modifications and additions for classification are suggested, in which new modifiers of p (low P available), o (low organic carbon), c, c - (actual acid sulfate), f, f - (potential acid sulfate) are added, the former c condition modifier (sulfidic) divided into c (actual acid sulfate) and f (potential acid sulfate). Modifiers of a, i, n, s, are suggested with modifications from FCC system. The classes within each category and assigned modifiers for each soil type/substrata type/subsoil type are different, which is followed by modifiers presented.
Study of polarized wave with a hydrodynamic model and fourier spectral method

The polarization effects in hydrodynamics are studied. Hydrodynamic equation for the nonlinear wave is used along with the polarized nonlinear waves and seismic waves act as initial waves. The model is then solved by Fourier spectral and Runge-Kutta 4 methods, and the surface plot is drawn. The output demonstrates the inundation behaviors. Consequently, the polarized seismic waves along with the polarized nonlinear waves tend to generate dissimilar inundation which is more disastrous.