Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New insights into migraine pathophysiology

Purpose of reviewThis article will review new and exciting developments in migraine research, with particular emphasis on mutations associated with familial hemiplegic migraine and the role of cortical spreading depression in its pathophysiology and treatment. Recent findingsThe recent discovery of multiple point mutations in familial hemiplegic migraine has led to the suggestion that migraine and its variants may be due to a paroxysmal disturbance in ion-translocating mechanisms. Mutations associated with familial hemiplegic migraine render the brain more susceptible to prolonged cortical spreading depression caused by either excessive synaptic glutamate release or decreased removal of glutamate and potassium from the synaptic cleft, or persistent sodium influx. Suppression of cortical spreading depression has become an interesting target for preventive migraine treatment. Prolonged treatment with β-blockers, valproate, topiramate, methysergide or amitriptyline reduced the number of potassium-evoked cortical spreading depressions and elevated the electrical stimulation threshold for the induction of cortical spreading depression in rats. Recent imaging studies in patients suffering from migraine without aura also point to the presence of silent cortical spreading depression as an underlying mechanism. Repeated waves of cortical spreading depression may have deleterious effects on brain function, and perhaps cause silent ischaemic lesions in vulnerable brain regions such as the cerebellum in susceptible individuals. SummaryThis review emphasizes several neurobiological aspects of migraine that reveal paroxysmal disturbances in neuronal and vascular function, that in turn reflect disturbances in the maintenance of ionic gradients.
Decoys Selection in Benchmarking Datasets: Overview and Perspectives

Virtual Screening (VS) is designed to prospectively help identifying potential hits, i.e., compounds capable of interacting with a given target and potentially modulate its activity, out of large compound collections. Among the variety of methodologies, it is crucial to select the protocol that is the most adapted to the query/target system under study and that yields the most reliable output. To this aim, the performance of VS methods is commonly evaluated and compared by computing their ability to retrieve active compounds in benchmarking datasets. The benchmarking datasets contain a subset of known active compounds together with a subset of decoys, i.e., assumed non-active molecules. The composition of both the active and the decoy compounds subsets is critical to limit the biases in the evaluation of the VS methods. In this review, we focus on the selection of decoy compounds that has considerably changed over the years, from randomly selected compounds to highly customized or experimentally validated negative compounds. We first outline the evolution of decoys selection in benchmarking databases as well as current benchmarking databases that tend to minimize the introduction of biases, and secondly, we propose recommendations for the selection and the design of benchmarking datasets.
Geographical Space Distribution of China's Oil and Gas Industry: Characteristics and Drivers

Abstract: Here, the geographical space distribution of the oil and gas industry in China is comprehensively investigated using the overall Moran's I index and local Moran's I index. We found that China's oil and gas industry development from 2000 to 2010 has a differentiated geographical space distribution upstream (extractive industry) but not downstream (refining industry). To analyze upstream and downstream states a spatial econometrics model (SEM) was used to identify influential factors resulting from the spatial concentration of the oil and gas industry. An external effect is the key factor promoting the spatial concentration of the upstream industry in China; governmental economic policy is another important factor.
Polarization spectroscopy of a closed atomic transition: applications to laser frequency locking

We study polarization spectroscopy of Rb vapour. A weak probe beam analyses the birefringence induced in a room temperature vapour by a strong counterpropagating circularly polarized pump beam. In contrast to most other work on polarization spectroscopy, we use a polarization beam splitting cube and two detectors (rather than a polarizer and one detector) to analyse the probe beam. The signal is in the form of a derivative of a Lorentzian. For theoretical analysis we study the closed atomic transition 5 2S1/2 (F = 3) → 5 2P3/2 (F' = 4) in the D2 line of 85Rb. We study the time needed to redistribute population among the mF states, derive an expression for the expected lineshape and present experimental data in excellent agreement with theory. The polarization spectrum provides an ideal error signal for frequency stabilization of a laser. We describe the geometry and parameters for optimizing the error signal.
Endotoxemia-Mediated Induction of Cardiac Inducible Nitric-Oxide Synthase Expression Accounts for the Hypotensive Effect of Ethanol in Female Rats

We have recently shown that intragastric (i.g.) ethanol lowers blood pressure (BP) in conscious female rats via a reduction in cardiac output (CO). However, the mechanisms implicated in these hemodynamic effects of ethanol are not known. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol-evoked endotoxemia mediates the reduction in CO via enhanced myocardial inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Immunoblot (myocardial iNOS), biochemical (plasma endotoxin and nitrite/nitrate), and integrative [BP, heart rate, CO, stroke volume (SV), and total peripheral resistance (TPR)] studies were conducted in conscious female rats that received i.g. ethanol (1 g/kg) in the absence or presence of 1400W (N-(3-[aminomethyl]benzyl) acetamidine) or ampicillin to selectively inhibit iNOS and to eliminate endogenous endotoxin, respectively. Ethanol-evoked hypotension coincided with reductions in CO and SV and increases in: 1) TPR, 2) plasma endotoxin and nitrite/nitrate, and 3) myocardial iNOS expression. These effects of ethanol were virtually abolished in rats pretreated with ampicillin (200 mg/kg/day for 2 days by gavage) or with 1400W (5 mg/kg i.p.) except for the increase in plasma endotoxin, which persisted in 1400W-pretreated rats. These findings yield insight into the mechanistic role of endotoxin-myocardial iNOS signaling in the cardiodepressant action of ethanol, which accounts for its hypotensive effect in conscious female rats.
Users’ Preferences for Map Navigation Gestures

 Abstract — Map is a powerful and convenient tool in helping us to navigate to different places, but the use of indirect devices often makes its usage cumbersome. This study intends to propose a new map navigation dialogue that uses hand gesture. A set of dialogue was developed from users’ perspective to provide users complete freedom for panning, zooming, rotate, tilt and find direction operations. A participatory design experiment was involved here where one hand gesture and two hand gesture dialogues had been analysed in the forms of hand gestures to develop a set of usable dialogues. The major finding was that users prefer one-hand gesture compared to two-hand gesture in map navigation.
Turning social capital into business? A study of Swedish biotech firms' international expansion

The effects of using personal networks have in recent years become a topic of interest in the research area that focuses on the internationalization process of the firm. Few studies have, however, used the concept of social capital when studying the internationalization process of high-tech SMEs. In this explorative case study, ten Swedish SMEs in the biotech business have been examined in order to see how they use social capital for accessing the critical resources that they need in their internationalization process. The results of the study indicate that the usefulness of social capital changes during this process and that the wrong perception of social capital’s usefulness can lead to unsuccessful internationalization.
Diffusion‐weighted lesions in acute ischaemic stroke patients with migraine

There is increasing knowledge about an association between migraine and ischaemic stroke. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the probable biological substrate of migrainous aura. To investigate the influence of CSD on the apparent stroke – migraine association, we hypothesized that magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion weighted images of acute ischaemic stroke patients would reveal an association between small cortical infarctions and migraine.
Critical issues associated with drug-drug interactions: highlights of a multistakeholder conference.

Although many potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are clinically inconsequential, DDI-associated harm does occur. [1][1]–[6][2] The magnitude of harm caused by DDIs is not precisely known, but research suggests that DDIs may be a significant public health issue. [2][3]–[6][2] Americans are
A centromere-specific retroviral element associated with breaks of synteny in macropodine marsupials

Studies of chromosome evolution have focused heavily on the evolution of conserved syntenic, gene-rich domains. It is obvious, however, that the centromere plays an equally important role in chromosome evolution, through its involvement in fissions, centric fusions, translocations, inversions and centric shifts. It is unclear how the centromere, either as a functioning unit of the chromosome or as a DNA sequence motif, has been involved in these processes. Marsupials of the family Macropodidae (kangaroos, wallabies, rat kangaroos and potoroos) offer unique insights into current theories expositing centromere emergence during karyotypic diversification and speciation. Tracing the genomic distribution of centromeric sequences in a model macropodine (subfamily Macropodinae: kangaroos and wallabies) species, Macropus eugenii (tammar wallaby), indicates these sequences have played an important role in chromosome evolution through possible segmental duplications associated with phylogenetically conserved breaks of synteny, pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. Hybrids between different kangaroo species provide evidence that the centromere is unstable within this group of mammals and is involved in a large number of chromosome aberrations. A better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors that define centromeres and how centromeres may mediate changes in chromosome architecture are critical not only to our understanding of basic cellular functioning but also to our understanding of the process of speciation.
A Study on Analysts' Recommendations and Stock Price Performance: An Empirical Study

This paper examines the impact of the investment advice of leading “The Hindu Business Line – Investment World” and to identify the relationship between “The Hindu Business Line – Investment World and Stock Price drift. The result of the study indicates that the analyst recommendations do have impact and is beneficial to the investors at least in short-term decisions. Many study also inferred that the volume of stocks traded has increased when recommendations are announced but there is no significant relationship between recommendation date and trading volume on the subsequent dates. Between the trading volume and market adjusted return, there is a positive relationship between them.
Sexual temptation: substance abuse, no sex, safe sex, risky sex, and STDs

Abstract Background University students’ substance abuse and risky sex contribute to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Purpose We develop and empirically test a formative theoretical model of sexual temptation involving substance abuse (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana), safe sexual behavior (use of condom/barrier for oral and vaginal intercourse), risky sexual behavior (unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners), and STDs: gonorrhea, HIV, and genital herpes. We simultaneously explore these constructs, controlling membership in social groups (fraternity/sorority, varsity athlete, and club sports) and perceived norm of substance abuse. Methods A total of 687 American university students completed the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the goodness of fit between our formative theoretical model and actual data. Results Results reveal the following discoveries: membership in campus social groups is positively associated with STDs, whereas perceived norm of peer substance abuse is negatively related to STDs. Under the influence of substance abuse, we test three outcomes of sexual temptation as related to STDs. Those who have no sex do not contract STDs. For those who fall into temptation and have sex, substance abuse is more strongly related to risky sex which leads to STDs than safe sex which does not. Those engaging in risky sex have significantly higher cognitive impairment than those practicing safe sex. Conclusions Substance abuse contributes to STDs through risky sex only. Those having risky sex suffer higher cognitive impairment than those practicing safe sex. We provide novel implications to policy makers, practitioners, and researchers.
INCORPORATING ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING/MANAGEMENT INTO THE RESULTS-BASED BUDGETING TECHNIQUE: A BULLETPROOF ANTI-CORRUPTION MANAGEMENT CONTROL TOOL: A CASE STUDY

The World Bank declared political corruption as the “single greatest obstacle to global development. ” It hasbecome one of today’s most pressing global and ethical problems. Results-Based Budgeting (RBB) is a technique, which has recently become a popular tool in order to enhance transparency and accountability. Particularly among governments and not-for-profit institutions. Recent international and local government corruption ratings have alerted their respective communities on the need to hold public officials, civil servants, and directors of companies and organizations accountable for their decisions made, and even those not made, but should have been made. Activity-Based Costing/Management (ABC/M) is a technique, which has demonstrated its effectiveness in managing, controlling, and reducing overhead costs/expenses. Instead of managing costs vertically, ABC/M promotes cost management horizontally, i.e., based on activity costs consumption, not allocation. This paper proposes an original model, which incorporates (ABC/M) into the RBB. This model represents an effective management control tool, which intends to prevent collusion among the various parties; thus, reducing corruption. Furthermore, this model sponsors “lean management,” e.g., sponsors effectiveness and efficiency in these organizations. Through a specific example this study develops a model, which clearly identifies the value-added and nonvalue-added activities in pursuing the missions of government and not-for-profit institutions.
Development of Th1-Inducing Capacity in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Requires Environmental Instruction1

Dendritic cells (DC) are key initiators of primary immune responses. Myeloid DC can secrete IL-12, a potent Th1-driving factor, and are often viewed as Th1-promoting APC. Here we show that neither a Th1- nor a Th2-inducing function is an intrinsic attribute of human myeloid DC, but both depend on environmental instruction. Uncommitted immature DC require exposure to IFN-γ, at the moment of induction of their maturation or shortly thereafter, to develop the capacity to produce high levels of IL-12p70 upon subsequent contact with naive Th cells. This effect is specific for IFN-γ and is not shared by other IL-12-inducing factors. Type 1-polarized effector DC, matured in the presence of IFN-γ, induce Th1 responses, in contrast to type 2-polarized DC matured in the presence of PGE2 that induce Th2 responses. Type 1-polarized effector DC are resistant to further modulation, which may facilitate their potential use in immunotherapy.
Conscription of Network Business Models

As enterprises focus increasingly on core competencies, the importance of collaboration and knowledge sharing between organizations is greatly enhanced. This paper examines the development of knowledge sharing during the initial exploratory stages of an emerging business network. It demonstrates how the business model can serve as a tool for spanning organizational boundaries. Through developing a business model, network enterprises can learn to understand each other, create common concepts within their business network and evaluate the feasibility of the endeavor.
Variables Affecting End-User Satisfaction in Application Market

Dept. of Business Administration, Korea Christian UniversityKey Words：End User Satisfaction, Application Market, IS Satisfa ction, Customer-OrientedAbstractOver the last two decades, many i nformation system researchers have developed the variables of information system using the measurement of user satisfaction. In context, this research developed the measurement of user satisfaction in smartphone application market and compared the difference of user satisfaction factors be-tween Adroid market and App store. The results indicated that s atisfaction of App store was more than that of Adroid market. The information system and customer-oriented factors of App store were higher than that of Adroid market.
The isolation and structural elucidation of three new biflavonoid glycosides from Lomatogonium carinthiacum

Three biflavonoid glycosides, named carinoside B, C and D (1, 2 and 3, respectively), were isolated from the n-BuOH crude extract of the aerial part of Lomatogonium carinthiacum (Wulfen) Rchb (L. carinthiacum). The structures of 1, 2 and 3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
IMPORTANT SKILLS FOR TAIWANESE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM GRADUATES AS PERCEIVED BY HOSPITALITY EDUCATORS AND HUMAN RESORCE MANAGERS

The rapid growth of the hospitality and tourism industry in Taiwan has created an increasing demand for hospitality labor. In response to the increased demand of employees, the hospitality and tourism programs in Taiwan R.O. C. are racing to keep pace with the industry. As a result, issues regarding the quality of graduates and their value to Taiwan hospitality industry have emerged. The primary focus of this descriptive study was to identify the competencies needed by university and college students from hospitality and tourism programs. The study utilized hospitality educators and hotel human resource managers in Taiwan to analyze the required competencies and measure potential differences between the two populations. The target population included 15 hospitality program directors and 55 human resource managers of international tourist hotels in Taiwan. A total of 53 questionnaires were returned with a 75.7% response rate. The findings of this study revealed that both human resource managers and hospitality program directors perceived that people skills were more important and conceptual skills and operational skills were less important. The hospitality educators emphasized conceptual skills over human resource managers. It seems that educators and hotel human resource managers with different educational backgrounds had similar perceptions of what was regarded as important skills. Those respondents that had a higher educational background perceived that managerial skills and personal characteristics were more important overall. It is urgent to forge the gap between hospitality educators and hotel human resource staff in Taiwan. Hospitality education should always keep a relevant curriculum in order to meet the needs of this industry and the hospitality industry needs to share their experiences with educational institutions in the form of advisory boards, coop field experience for students as well as intern programs. This study was representative of the phenomena of hospitality education and industry in Taiwan. Based on the differences of culture and the educational system, the study may not be generalized to other areas but could be replicated to areas with similar educational systems or cultural backgrounds.
Changes in tumor necrosis factor-alpha system and insulin sensitivity during an exercise training program in obese women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Plasma levels of the soluble (s) fractions of TNFalpha receptors, especially sTNFR2, are good indicators of TNFalpha system activation in obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of exercise training on the TNFalpha system and to evaluate the relationship with changes in insulin sensitivity. DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen obese women (body mass index (BMI)>27.8 kg/m(2)), 8 with normal (NGT) and 8 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), participated in an exercise training program which lasted for 12 weeks and included exercise performed on a bicycle ergometer at an individual intensity of 70% maximal heart rate, for 30 min, 5 days a week. Anthropometrical measurements and blood biochemical analyses were performed, and plasma TNFalpha, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 levels were assessed. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique (insulin infusion: 50 mU x kg(-1)xh(-1)). RESULTS At baseline, despite similar anthropometrical parameters, IGT subjects were markedly more insulin resistant and had higher TNFalpha and sTNFR2 concentrations. Exercise training increased insulin sensitivity and decreased TNFalpha and sTNFR2 levels, while sTNFR1 remained unchanged. The decrease in sTNFR2 was significantly related to the increase in insulin sensitivity; that relationship remained significant after adjustment for the concurrent changes in BMI, waist circumference, percentage of body fat, plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Regular physical exercise decreases TNFalpha system activity and that decrease may be responsible for the concurrent increase in insulin sensitivity.
Bilateral vs. ipsilateral venography as the primary efficacy outcome measure in thromboprophylaxis clinical trials: a systematic review

Summary. Contrast venography, in combination with symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE), is the standard efficacy outcome measure in clinical trials of thromboprophylaxis in major orthopedic surgery. It is uncertain whether performing bilateral venography offers any real advantage over venography of the operated leg alone. This study was undertaken to determine the risk of isolated contralateral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following major orthopedic surgery and to evaluate whether bilateral venography, rather than venography on the operated leg alone, offers any gain in DVT detection and, thereby, improves efficiency in clinical study design. A systematic review of prospective studies that reported DVT incidence as the primary efficacy outcome based on mandatory bilateral venography in patients undergoing elective hip or knee arthroplasty or hip fracture repair was conducted. Based on the use of bilateral venography as a primary efficacy outcome measure, the incidence of any DVT is 16.7% following total hip replacement, 18.8% after hip fracture repair, and 33.8% after total knee replacement. While DVT risk in the operated leg varies depending on the type of surgery, the risk of isolated DVT in the non‐operated leg is approximately 4% to 5% in all three procedures. By increasing the detection of any DVT, the use of bilateral venography reduces required sample size by 16% to 25% compared to ipsilateral venography. In clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis in major orthopedic surgery, bilateral venography reduces the risk of undiagnosed DVT in the non‐operated leg and improves the efficiency of study design by substantially reducing the sample size requirement.