Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presentation and 5-Year Follow-Up of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in African-American and Caribbean-Hispanic Adolescents

Objective: We report the presentation and 5-year follow-up of 89 African-American (AA) and Caribbean-Hispanic (CH) youths with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) followed at the Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. , USA, from 1990 to 2000. Methods: The medical records of 89 patients with T2DM diagnosed between 1990 and 2000 were reviewed. Results: Over a 10-year period, the number of pediatric patients less than 18 years of age diagnosed with T2DM at the Montefiore Medical Center increased tenfold. At presentation, the mean age was 14 ± 2.3 years, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 34.4 ± 9 kg/m2, the female/male ratio was 1.6:1, and all these patients were pubertal. Acanthosis nigricans was present in 89% of the patients, polyuria and polydipsia occurred in 48%, weight loss occurred in 22%, and nearly 30% of the patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in 5 patients. By 5 years after diagnosis, 45% of the patients were able to maintain an HgbA1C <7% with oral medications (metformin and/or glipizide); 18% required insulin (<0.4 U/kg/day) in addition to oral medications, and 37% did not require any medication. The mean insulin level, BMI and HgbA1C at the time of diagnosis did not predict treatment requirements for 3 years after diagnosis. Conclusions: Because the incidence of T2DM is increasing in adolescents, the natural history and optimal therapy for adolescents with T2DM need to be established.
Silicon-on-Sapphire, a replacement for gallium arsenide?

Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) was invented in 1961 and as such is the first of the SOI technologies. Its original purpose was to provide radiation tolerant circuits for satellites and missiles. Now, SOS is ready to displace gallium arsenide (GaAs) as the technology of choice for RF communications in commercial applications. What are the reasons for this? I will share what we have learned at Peregrine Semiconductor about how to use CMOS for RF devices and why silicon will eventually displace GaAs from many RF applications.
Optimize ASIC design by statistics analysis and fixed parameter for special-imagery compression

Medical imagery needs the function of lossless compression to minimize image size to facilitate transmitting and storage. With high-speed and high-efficiency characteristics, FELICS algorithm has potential capability to do this job well. The research in this paper is not only based on FELICS algorithm, but also explores a practical method of fixing one of FELICS's dynamic parameters as constant to optimize its ASIC implementation for special medical imagery. That is, toggling this key parameter of Rice coding in FELICS to a fixed value is able to save chip's hardware resources, like die area, power consumption and computational workload. More important in this process is applying statistics analysis on real images to choose the biggest-probability value for it. At last, the fixing-k method has been validated by excellent results.
[Anatomical substratum of primary hyperaldosteronism: from the difficulties of the diagnosis to the surgical management].

L’hyperaldostéronisme primaire résulte de l’hypersécrétion autonome d’aldostérone par la zone glomérulée du cortex surrénalien. Il est responsable d’hypertension artérielle par rétention hydrosodée. Son incidence parmi la population des hypertendus était estimée entre 1 et 2 %, mais les nouveaux principes de dépistage permettent une réestimation au-delà de 10 %. Il représente une des rares causes d’hypertension artérielle potentiellement curables par la chirurgie, et, de ce fait, l’identification des patients atteints représente un vrai défi diagnostique et thérapeutique.
Increased Loss of CCR5+ CD45RA− CD4+ T Cells in CD8+ Lymphocyte-Depleted Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Monkeys

ABSTRACT Previously we have shown that CD8+ T cells are critical for containment of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) viremia and that rapid and profound depletion of CD4+ T cells occurs in the intestinal tract of acutely infected macaques. To determine the impact of SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses on the magnitude of the CD4+ T-cell depletion, we investigated the effect of CD8+ lymphocyte depletion during primary SIV infection on CD4+ T-cell subsets and function in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and intestinal tissues. In peripheral blood, CD8+ lymphocyte-depletion changed the dynamics of CD4+ T-cell loss, resulting in a more pronounced loss 2 weeks after infection, followed by a temporal rebound approximately 2 months after infection, when absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells were restored to baseline levels. These CD4+ T cells showed a markedly skewed phenotype, however, as there were decreased levels of memory cells in CD8+ lymphocyte-depleted macaques compared to controls. In intestinal tissues and lymph nodes, we observed a significantly higher loss of CCR5+ CD45RA− CD4+ T cells in CD8+ lymphocyte-depleted macaques than in controls, suggesting that these SIV-targeted CD4+ T cells were eliminated more efficiently in CD8+ lymphocyte-depleted animals. Also, CD8+ lymphocyte depletion significantly affected the ability to generate SIV Gag-specific CD4+ T-cell responses and neutralizing antibodies. These results reemphasize that SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses are absolutely critical to initiate at least partial control of SIV infection.
Joint Load Balancing and Power Allocation for Hybrid VLC/RF Networks

In this paper, we propose and study a new joint load balancing (LB) and power allocation (PA) scheme for a hybrid visible light communication (VLC) and radio frequency (RF) system consisting of one RF\ access point (AP) and multiple VLC\ APs. An iterative algorithm is proposed to distribute the users on the APs and distribute the powers of these APs on their users. In PA subproblem, an optimization problem is formulated to allocate the power of each AP to the connected users for the total achievable data rates maximization. It is proved that the PA optimization problem is concave but not easy to tackle. Therefore, we provide a new algorithm to obtain the optimal dual variables after formulating them in terms of each other. Then, the users that are connected to the overloaded APs and receive less data rates start seeking for other APs that offer higher data rates. Users with lower data rates continue re-connecting from AP to other to balance the load only if this travel increases the summation of the achievable data rates and enhances the system fairness. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms improve the system capacity and system fairness with fast convergence.
Contribution of Nasal Biopsy to Leprosy Diagnosis

Background The nasal mucosa plays the main role as the entry and the exit of leprosy bacilli and the nasal involvement may precede the skin lesions by several years. Nasal biopsy has been used in research but its clinical application has not been described. We evaluated the contribution of the nasal biopsy for the diagnosis of leprosy and its correlation to skin biopsy and skin smear in untreated patients. Methods We evaluated changes in nasal biopsy in 227 leprosy patients. Patients were clinically classified and skin and nasal biopsies and skin smear were performed. Results Nasal biopsy showed positivity in 100% of the lepromatous spectrum decreasing toward the tuberculoid (TT) pole. Patients with TT or indeterminate forms did not present any nasal alterations, showing that they are the true paucibacillary forms. Also, the nasal biopsies of two patients were the only exam to show positivity. The bacillary index of the nasal biopsy was strongly correlated to skin biopsy and slit-skin smear. Additionally, the agreement among the exams was good, revealing the reliability of the nasal biopsy in leprosy diagnosis. Conclusion The present study showed a rate of 48% of positivity in nasal biopsy of untreated patients, correlating well with skin biopsy and skin smear. Thus, the method in leprosy diagnosis and clinical form classification has shown great reliability.
Identification of a novel dimer stabilization region in a plant bZIP transcription activator

We have carried out deletion analyses of a tobacco transcription activator, TGA1a, in order to define its functional domains. TGA1a belongs to the basic-region-leucine zipper (bZIP) class of DNA-binding proteins. Like other proteins of this class, it binds to its target DNA as a dimer, and its bZIP domain is necessary and sufficient for specific DNA binding. A mutant polypeptide containing the bZIP domain alone, however, shows a lower DNA-binding affinity than the full-length TGA1a. The C-terminal portion of TGA1a, which is essential for the higher DNA-binding affinity, contains a polypeptide region that can stabilize dimeric forms of the protein. This polypeptide region is designated the dimer stabilization (DS) region. Under our in vitro conditions, TGA1a derivatives with the DS region and those without the region do not form a detectable mixed dimer. This result indicates that in addition to the leucine zipper, the DS region can serve as another determinant of the dimerization specificity of TGA1a. In fact, the DS region, when fused to another bZIP protein, C/EBP, can inhibit dimer formation between the fusion protein and native C/EBP, whereas each of these can form homodimers. Such a portable determinant of dimerization specificity has potential application in studies of DNA-binding proteins as well as in biotechnology.
Design and implementation of a flexible Queue Manager for Next Generation Networks

Next Generation Networks implies the need for new types of network managers. One approach creates a scalable, distributed Traffic Manager (TM) that can be programmed on demand. The core component is an efficient Queue Manager (QM) which is typically proprietary and costly. In this paper, a new QM architecture is given which is scalable and can adapt to changing network conditions. The design and implementation using current FPGA technology is outlined; performance and area figures are included as well as details of the implementation on the recently announced, NetFPGA-10G development board.
Evolutionary fuzzy extreme learning machine for inverse kinematic modeling of robotic arms

Evolutionary fuzzy extreme learning machine (EF-ELM) is one of the neuro-fuzzy system, which combines the learning capabilities of extreme learning machine (ELM) and the explicit knowledge of the fuzzy systems. In EF-ELM, the differential evolutionary technique is used to tune the membership function parameters were as the consequent parameters are tuned by Moore-Penrose generalized inverse techniques. In this paper, inverse kinematic modelings of 2-DOF and 3-DOF robotic arms are proposed. Evolutionary fuzzy extreme learning machine is used to predict the inverse kinematics of robotic arms. Extensive simulations are performed to study the prediction behavior of EF-ELM and comparative analysis is included against ELM and back propagation (BP) based neural networks. It is observed that the EF-ELM technique produces good generalization with minimum root mean square error for predicting the inverse kinematics solution of robotic arms.
Watershed structural influences on the distributions of stream network water and solute travel times under baseflow conditions

Watershed structure influences the timing, magnitude, and spatial location of water and solute entry to stream networks. In turn, stream reach transport velocities and stream network geometry (travel distances) further influence the timing of export from watersheds. Here, we examine how watershed and stream network organization can affect travel times of water from delivery to the stream network to arrival at the watershed outlet. We analysed watershed structure and network geometry and quantified the relationship between stream discharge and solute velocity across six study watersheds (11.4 to 62.8 km2) located in the Sawtooth Mountains of central Idaho, USA. Based on these analyses, we developed stream network travel time functions for each watershed. We found that watershed structure, stream network geometry, and the variable magnitude of inputs across the network can have a pronounced affect on water travel distances and velocities within a stream network. Accordingly, a sample taken at the watershed outlet is composed of water and solutes sourced from across the watershed that experienced a range of travel times in the stream network. We suggest that understanding and quantifying stream network travel time distributions are valuable for deconvolving signals observed at watershed outlets into their spatial and temporal sources, and separating terrestrial and in‐channel hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological influences on in‐stream observations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effets de la prémédication orale sur l'efficacité de l'anesthésie au nerf alvéolaire inférieur dans les situations de pulpite irréversible

La pulpite irreversible est un etat inflammatoire de la pulpe dentaire s’accompagnant de phenomenes algiques tres prononces qui engendrent un tableau clinique caracteristique. Sa prise en charge necessite la realisation en urgence d’un geste local dont le bon deroulement dependra de la possibilite d’obtenir une anesthesie efficace. L’anesthesie de la molaire mandibulaire en pulpite irreversible est depuis longtemps et encore aujourd’hui synonyme de difficultes voire d’echecs anesthesiques. Malgre un taux de succes fortement diminue dans ce contexte clinique inflammatoire, l’anesthesie au nerf alveolaire inferieur (ANAI) reste une technique anesthesique de choix. De nombreux auteurs se sont penches sur les techniques qui pourraient permettre de majorer l’efficacite de cette anesthesie, entre autres grâce a la mise en place d’une premedication orale. Ce travail avait pour objectifs de recenser les etudes a ce jour disponibles traitant de l’efficacite de la premedication orale sur le succes de l’ANAI dans les situations de pulpite irreversible et d’effectuer une synthese des resultats afin de determiner s’il est possible d’en extraire des recommandations de pratique clinique basees sur des preuves scientifiques.
Characterization of the Purkinje cell to nuclear cell connections in mice cerebellum

The cerebellum integrates motor commands with somatosensory, vestibular, visual and auditory information for motor learning and coordination functions. The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) generates the final output by processing inputs from Purkinje cells (PC), mossy and climbing fibers. We investigated the properties of PC connections to DCN cells using optogenetic stimulation in L7-ChR2 mice with in vivo multi electrode extracellular recordings in lobule IV/V of the cerebellar cortex and in the medial nuclei. DCN cells discharged phase locked to local field potentials in the beta, gamma and high frequency bands. We identified two groups of DCN cells with significant differences in action potential waveforms and firing rates, matching previously discriminated in vitro properties of GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells. PCs inhibited the two group of cells gradually (rate coding), however spike times were controlled for only non-GABAergic cells. Our results suggest that PC inputs temporally control the output of cerebellum and the internal DCN circuitry supports this phenomenon since GABAergic cells do not induce a temporal effect through local inhibition.
[Abnormality of p16 gene and its clinicopathological significance in non-small cell lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ways of inactivation and expression of p16 gene mRNA and its protein as well, and their clinicopathological significance in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). METHODS Comparative- multiplex PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the promotor methylation status, mRNA, and protein expression in 64 cases of NSCLC, respectively. RESULTS Promoter methylation of p16 gene was detected in 36 (56.3%) of 64 NSCLC cases. This positive result of methylation showed a negative correlation statistically with p16 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). By in situ hybridization, 13 cases (20.3%) showed positive results for mRNA and all of these positive cases (13/13) had also a positive result by immunohistochemistry. Thirty-seven cases (57.8%) showed a negative immunohistochemical result. The metastatic rate of lymph nodes of those NSCLC patients with either promoter methylation or negative protein expression was higher (P = 0.038), and 3-year survival rate was lower statistically (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Dysfunction of p16 gene in NSCLC is mainly caused by promoter methylation, and patients with p16 gene dysfunction may have a poor prognosis.
Correlated gain ratio based fuzzy weighted association rule mining classifier for diagnosis health care data

Healthcare data need an accurate diagnosis of diseases with the low computation time. Fuzzy association rule mining converts quantitative attributes to fuzzy attributes which maintain the integrity of information. Fuzzy association rule mining is most effective among various classification methods used for diagnosing health care data. The major challenge in the fuzzy association rule mining is to reduce the exponential growth of rules produced by fuzzy partitioning of attributes. The proposed method uses the correlation and gain ratio based average ranking feature selection followed by fuzzy weighted association rule mining classifier to diagnose the medical data set. The average ranking feature selection method improves classification accuracy and reduces the number of rules by ranking the proper potential attribute. The computation time is also minimized by reducing number of rules. The performance of fuzzy weighted association rule mining classifiers based on correlation and gain ratio average ranking feature selection is evaluated by comparing the classification accuracy with three classifiers and five benchmark data set collected from UCI repository.
Reconstruction of a time-averaged midposition CT scan for radiotherapy planning of lung cancer patients using deformable registration.

PURPOSE lower lobe lung tumors move with amplitudes of up to 2 cm due to respiration. To reduce respiration imaging artifacts in planning CT scans, 4D imaging techniques are used. Currently, we use a single (midventilation) frame of the 4D data set for clinical delineation of structures and radiotherapy planning. A single frame, however, often contains artifacts due to breathing irregularities, and is noisier than a conventional CT scan since the exposure per frame is lower. Moreover, the tumor may be displaced from the mean tumor position due to hysteresis. The aim of this work is to develop a framework for the acquisition of a good quality scan representing all scanned anatomy in the mean position by averaging transformed (deformed) CT frames, i.e., canceling out motion. A nonrigid registration method is necessary since motion varies over the lung. METHODS AND MATERIALS 4D and inspiration breath-hold (BH) CT scans were acquired for 13 patients. An iterative multiscale motion estimation technique was applied to the 4D CT scan, similar to optical flow but using image phase (gray-value transitions from bright to dark and vice versa) instead. From the (4D) deformation vector field (DVF) derived, the local mean position in the respiratory cycle was computed and the 4D DVF was modified to deform all structures of the original 4D CT scan to this mean position. A 3D midposition (MidP) CT scan was then obtained by (arithmetic or median) averaging of the deformed 4D CT scan. Image registration accuracy, tumor shape deviation with respect to the BH CT scan, and noise were determined to evaluate the image fidelity of the MidP CT scan and the performance of the technique. RESULTS Accuracy of the used deformable image registration method was comparable to established automated locally rigid registration and to manual landmark registration (average difference to both methods < 0.5 mm for all directions) for the tumor region. From visual assessment, the registration was good for the clearly visible features (e.g., tumor and diaphragm). The shape of the tumor, with respect to that of the BH CT scan, was better represented by the MidP reconstructions than any of the 4D CT frames (including MidV; reduction of "shape differences" was 66%). The MidP scans contained about one-third the noise of individual 4D CT scan frames. CONCLUSIONS We implemented an accurate method to estimate the motion of structures in a 4D CT scan. Subsequently, a novel method to create a midposition CT scan (time-weighted average of the anatomy) for treatment planning with reduced noise and artifacts was introduced. Tumor shape and position in the MidP CT scan represents that of the BH CT scan better than MidV CT scan and, therefore, was found to be appropriate for treatment planning.
Spanish surname mortality differences in San Antonio. Texas.

Although persons of Spanish-American and Mexican-American descent constitute a significant ethnic group in Southwestern United States, some of their demographic characteristics, such as patterns of mortality, are little known. Prior to 1950, basic population data upon which to base death rates were lacking or unreliable. Moreover, classification at death did not permit separation of Latin Americans from other whites. Students of public health have noted special health problems among Latin Americans and have investigated some of them.1 The mortality differences which may result from these problems have not been intensively investigated.
Evidence for Differential Intracellular Signal ; rig via CD 4 and CD 8 Molecules

Although both the CD4 and CD8 molecules enhance antigen responsiveness mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), it is not known whether CD4 and CD8 initiate similar or different intraceUular signals when they act as coreceptors. To characterize the early signals transmitted by CD4 and CDS, both CD4 and CDSo~ were expressed in the same murine T cell hybridoma. In the double positive transfectants, CD4 and CD8 associated with equal amounts of p56 Ick (Lck), and both molecules enhanced interlenkin 2 (IL-2) production equivalently when crosslinked with suboptimal levels of anti-TCR antibody. However, in an in vitro kinase assay, crosslinking CD4 initiated fourfold greater kinase activity compared with CD8 eross-linking. In the same assay, when CD4 or CD8 was cross-linked to the TCR, novel phosphorylated proteins were found associated with the TCR/CD4 complex but not with the TCR/CD8 complex. Consistent with this data, antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting revealed greater tyrosine phosphorylation ofintracellular substrates after TCIL/CD4 cross-linking compared with TCR/CD8 cross-linking. Additionally, a specific protein kinase C inhibitor (RO318220) inhibited CDSmediated enhancement of IL-2 production far more effectively than CD4-mediated enhancement. Thus, it appears that CDSot may depend more on a protein kinase C-mediated signaling pathway, whereas CD4 may rely on greater tyrosine kinase activation. Such differential signaling via CD4 and CD8 has implications for thymic ontogeny and T cell activation.
Spectral Sensitivity of Blowfly Photoreceptors

Spectral and polarization sensitivities of blowfly RI-6 photoreceptor cells were measured by intracellular recordings in cells which differed in visual pigment content. The spectral sensitivity in the visible wavelength range can be quantitatively explained from the absorption spectrum of blowfly visual pigment when the waveguide properties of the rhabdomere are taken into account. The peak wavelengths of absorption and sensitivity spectrum are 490 and 487 nm respectively. At low visual pigment content a sensitizing pigment can enhance the relative U.V. sensitivity from 0.3 to 2.0. In flies with a high visual pigment content selfscreening substantially broadens the visible band of the spectral sensitivity and lowers the relative U.V. sensitivity. The gain of the electrical response appears to be independent of the visual