Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gonadectomy Impairs T-Maze Acquisition in Adult Male Rats

Recent studies have shown that chronic gonadectomy increases the density of dopaminergic axons in prefrontal but not sensorimotor cortices in adult male rats. Since supranormal prefrontal cortical dopamine stimulation is known to impair rats' performance in T-maze delayed alternation paradigms, we tested whether long-term gonadectomy might also impair T-maze performance. For comparison, sensorimotor functions were also assessed. Adult male rats were gonadectomized and placebo-, estradiol-, or testosterone propionate-treated or were sham operated and placebo-treated. Four weeks after surgery, the subjects were tested using a rotorod apparatus and in the acquisition of a T-maze delayed alternation paradigm. Gonadectomized placebo-treated and estradiol-treated rats took significantly longer to acquire the T-maze rule than controls, and gonadectomized, testosterone-treated rats acquired the task within the same time frame as controls. No group differences were detected in rotorod performance. Thus, chronic gonadectomy induced testosterone-sensitive, estradiol-insensitive acquisition deficits in a spatial learning task but had no demonstrable effects on the sensorimotor functions tested.
Neurofibroma in the Mastoid Segment of the Facial Canal

Neural tissue-derived facial nerve tumours usually present as neurinomas. We describe the extremely rare occurrence of a histologically verified neurofibroma primarily arising in the mastoid segment of the facial canal in a patient not fulfilling diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis. The tumour showed evidence of perineural growth into the jugular foramen, as suggested by cross-sectional imaging and intraoperative findings.
NERVOUS DISCHARGE FROM SMALL PAINLESS LESIONS IN SKIN AND MUSCLE

During an investigation of post-ischaemic paraesthesiae (Merrington and Nathan, 1949) it was noticed that during the period of ischaemia any small cutaneous lesions, such as cuts or scratches, made themselves felt, whereas they had not been noticed before. That this was no idiosyncrasy of the present author was shown by the case of a laboratory technician who had dermatitis due to formalin; he was surprised to find that shortly after the application of the cuff he felt every lesion on his fingers, although he had not previously noticed their presence. It was then considered that this phenomenon ought to be investigated at some later time. When Armstrong, Dry, Keele, and Markham (1951) published their method of producing fairly standardized blisters by cantharidin plaster, it was seen that these blisters could be used for the investigation of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the pain that may arise from a previously painless lesion when the limb is rendered ischaemic, and to relate this phenomenon to other relevant knowledge.
An advanced AIS receiver using a priori information

Automatic Identification System (AIS) reception at flying platforms (satellites or airliners) has attracted an increasing level of attention over the last years. AIS allows vessels to communicate with each other and was originally designed as a vessel collision avoidance mechanism. Although AIS was not designed taking into account a satellite component, it is possible to receive AIS packets using satellites. However, satellite-aided AIS reception is challenging. Satellites receive AIS messages of all ships within a vast geographical area that usually tend to collide with each other. Consequently, the satellite receiver operates at lower SINR values compared to a conventional AIS receiver in a vessel or base station. In this paper we present an advanced receiver for AIS. This receiver exploits the a priori knowledge that the receiver has on some of the fields of the AIS position reports messages. In some cases this allows the receiver to double the number of training symbols that can be used for channel estimation. This receiver design is particularly suitable for receivers placed on flying platforms but it can also be used in other platforms such as vessels.
Coloring ($P_5$, bull)-free graphs

We present a polynomial-time algorithm that determines whether a graph that contains no induced path on six vertices and no bull (the graph with vertices a, b, c, d, e and edges ab, bc, cd, be, ce) is 4-colorable. We also show that for any fixed k the k-coloring problem can be solved in polynomial time in the class of ($P_6$, bull, gem)-free graphs.
Batch Ordering and Batch Replenishment Policies for MTS-MTO Manufacturing Systems

Hybrid Make-To-Stock (MTS)-Make-To-Order (MTO) manufacturing is a well known policy that captures the benefits of both MTS and MTO policies. This manufacturing policy is adopted by many manufacturing firms because it allows for production based on customer specifications while keeping short response times. We study a hybrid MTS-MTO manufacturing system which consists of two processing stages and an intermediate buffer between these two stages. We propose two separate scenarios for ordering and replenishment of components from the first stage which will give more realistic guidance for practitioners. The first scenario is batching customer orders before being released to the first stage. The second scenario is batch replenishment of common components from the first stage. Most existing MTS-MTO models focus on one-for-one ordering and replenishment strategies. We enhance these models by introducing a batch ordering policy to account for economies of scale in ordering when there is an ordering cost associated with each order placed for common components. We use queueing theory to model the system behavior and use the matrix-geometric method to evaluate system performance under the new ordering policy. Afterwards, we develop an optimization model with the objective to minimize the system overall costs. The purpose of our optimization model is to find the optimal intermediate buffer size and the optimal order quantity for the system. In the second scenario, we introduce the batch replenishment policy from stage 1. This policy is suitable when stage 1 and stage 2 are physically distant and there is a shipping cost incurred when components are transferred from stage 1 to stage 2. The decision variables in this model are the intermediate buffer size and the shipping quantity. We show that the base stock policy is sub-optimal when there is an ordering cost
Choice of Foreign Market Entry Modes by Service Firms: Role of Market Knowledge

■ This paper attempts to explain the variation of foreign market entry mode choice in the service sector, by taking into account the unique characteristics of service firms. ■ Using "market knowledge" as a determinant of entry mode choice, the paper develops some hypotheses concerning entry mode choice in service firms; these are empirically tested.
Empirical Research on Board Structure and Corporate Performance Stability

The board efficiency is an important topic in corporate governance. Previous studies focused on relationship between the board and company performance level, lack of in-depth analysis of the board and its influence on the major decision-making process and other forms of performance characteristics. This paper focuses on the relationship between corporate performance stability and structure of the board, which found board size and director source factors significantly affect the performance of the company. This paper proved that understanding the function of the board and the governance efficiency need more comprehensive perspective.
Chromalveolates and the Evolution of Plastids by Secondary Endosymbiosis 1

ABSTRACT. The establishment of a new plastid organelle by secondary endosymbiosis represents a series of events of massive complexity, and yet we know it has taken place multiple times because both green and red algae have been taken up by other eukaryotic lineages. Exactly how many times these events have succeeded, however, has been a matter of debate that significantly impacts how we view plastid evolution, protein targeting, and eukaryotic relationships. On the green side it is now largely accepted that two independent events led to plastids of euglenids and chlorarachniophytes. How many times red algae have been taken up is less clear, because there are many more lineages with red alga‐derived plastids (cryptomonads, haptophytes, heterokonts, dinoflagellates and apicomplexa) and the relationships between these lineages are less clear. Ten years ago, Cavalier‐Smith proposed that these plastids were all derived from a single endosymbiosis, an idea that was dubbed the chromalveolate hypothesis. No one observation has yet supported the chromalveolate hypothesis as a whole, but molecular data from plastid‐encoded and plastid‐targeted proteins have provided strong support for several components of the overall hypothesis, and evidence for cryptic plastids and new photosynthetic lineages (e.g. Chromera) have transformed our view of plastid distribution within the group. Collectively, these data are most easily reconciled with a single origin of the chromalveolate plastids, although the phylogeny of chromalveolate host lineages (and potentially Rhizaria) remain to be reconciled with this plastid data.
A correction factor to account for mixing in Ghyben‐Herzberg and critical pumping rate approximations of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers

The classic Ghyben‐Herzberg estimate of the depth of the freshwater‐saltwater interface together with the Dupuit approximation is a useful tool for developing analytical solutions to many seawater intrusion problems. On the basis of these assumptions, Strack (1976) developed a single‐potential theory to calculate critical pumping rates in a coastal pumping scenario. The sharp interface assumption and, in particular, this analytical solution are widely used to study seawater intrusion and the sustainable management of groundwater resources in coastal aquifers. The sharp interface assumption neglects mixing and implicitly assumes that salt water remains static. Consequently, this approximation overestimates the penetration of the saltwater front and underestimates the critical pumping rates that ensure a freshwater supply. We investigate the error introduced by adopting the sharp interface approximation, and we include the effects of dispersion on the formulation of Strack (1976). To this end, we perform numerical three‐dimensional variable density flow simulations. We find that Strack's equations can be extended to the case of mixing zone if the density factor is multiplied by an empirically derived dispersion factor [1 − (αT/b′)1/6], where αT is transverse dispersivity and b′ is aquifer thickness. We find that this factor can be used not only to estimate the critical pumping rate but also to correct the Ghyben‐Herzberg estimate of the interface depth. Its simplicity facilitates the generalization of sharp interface analytical solutions and good predictions of seawater penetration for a broad range of conditions.
Public participation in budgeting process at local government in Indonesia

Bearing in mind that public participation is not only needed in the execution stage, but also in the stage of planning and decision making, this study describes the public involvement (poor fisherman community) in the budgeting process of a local government in a regency in Eastern Java region, Indonesia, and all of obstacles that might be found in the optimization of public participation in the budgeting process. The research is qualitative by using descriptive analytical approach. The findings shows that public participation (fisherman community) still have not been involved directly in the budgeting process. The obstacle encountered at the execution of participation forum in the event of budgeting process is the time discrepancy of the budgeting process execution between the local government and society (fishing communities), the time constraints of fishermen in following the execution of the budgeting process, lack of knowledge, the apathy of the community, and the phenomenon of bicameral planning and budgeting, which are the dichotomizing between the two areas of authority.
Screening of some medicinal plants for isolation of antifungal proteins and peptides

About three quarters of the world population rely mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care. The global annual sale of botanicals is over $ 62 billion. This data clearly depict the importance of medicinal plants in health and economy. The extracts of some potential medicinal plants such as Hygrophila auriculata, Abrus precatorius, Moringa oleifera, Withania somnifera, Croton tiglium, Solanum nigrum and Psoralea corylifolia were investigated against pathogenic fungal strains of Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizopus solani, Mucor mucedo and Aspergillus niger. After extraction the extracts were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-100) by using Tris HCl as an extraction buffer. Antifungal activity of the extracts was determined by disc diffusion assay. Antifungal activity was found lost in many extracts after treatment with trypsin, which shows that the activity was due to proteins or peptides, but not due to some other compounds.
Current Dynamics of Scholarly Publishing

Background: Scholarly publishing is an essential vehicle for actively participating in the scientific debate and for sustaining the invisible colleges of the modern research environment, which extend far beyond the borders of individual research institutions. However, its current dynamics have deeply transformed the scientific life and conditioned in new ways the economics of academic knowledge production. They have also challenged the perceived common sense view of scientific research. Method: Analytical approach to set out a comprehensive framework on the current debate on scholarly publishing and to shed light on the peculiar organization and the working of this peculiar productive sector. Result: The way in which scientific knowledge is produced and transmitted has been dramatically affected by the series of recent major technosocietal transformations. Although the effects are many, in particular the current overlap and interplay between two distinct and somewhat opposite stances—scientific and economic—tend to blur the overall understanding of what scholarly publishing is and produces distortion on its working which in turn affect the scientific activities. The outcome is thus a series of intended and unintended effects on the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Conclusion: The article suggests that a substantial transformation characterizes science today that seems more like a thrusting, entrepreneurial business than a contemplative, disinterested endeavor. In this essay, we provide a general overview of the pivotal role of the scholarly publishing in fostering this change and its pros and cons connected to the idiosyncratic interplay between social norms and market stances.
The extra burdens patients in denial impose on their family caregivers

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of advanced cancer patients' denial on their family caregivers and how they cope, in order to enable clinicians to better support them and their caregiving. Method: As the objective was to obtain clinically useful findings, an interpretive descriptive design was used. Data consisted of prospective semi-structured interviews with 16 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients in denial, field notes, reflexive journals, and memos during the analysis. Results: Caregivers experienced extra burdens with the patient's denial. Feeling bound to preserve the denial, which they perceived as immutable, they were prevented from seeking information to manage the patient's care. Additionally, those caring for noncompliant patients felt disenfranchised from their role, resulting in feelings of powerlessness and guilt, and felt burdened by managing medical situations that arose from noncompliance. Caregivers described the ambivalence of feeling frustrated and burdened by the denial while recognizing it as a long-standing coping pattern for the patient. The denial prevented them from acknowledging their own needs to the patients or seeking informal support. They therefore developed solitary coping strategies, sought professional psychosocial support, and/or employed denial themselves. Significance of results: Caregivers of patients in denial experience added burdens, which they must bear without most of the usual sources of support. The burden is accentuated when patients are noncompliant with care, placing themselves in dangerous situations. Healthcare providers should identify patients in denial and support their caregivers in meeting both their caregiving and their own needs. Evidence-based strategies to accomplish this should be developed and implemented.
Auction Design for a Strategic Reserve Market for Generation Adequacy: On the Incentives Under Different Auction Scoring Rules

How should we select winning bids of generation units for strategic reserves that consist of capacity bids and energy bids? In this paper, we analyze two selecting mechanisms (scoring rules): “simultaneous” and “sequential”. In case of a simultaneous scoring rule, capacity and energy bids are weighted and combined to a single score based on which the cheapest bids are selected. Under sequential scoring rule the selection depends solely on capacity bids. In both cases the energy bids are used to form the merit order for dispatch. We find that the main difference between the simultaneous and sequential scoring mechanism is that under sequential scoring the bids are biased towards lower capacity bids and higher energy bids, since it is only the capacity part that “opens the door” to the reserve market. We find that a simultaneous scoring is favorable from a welfare perspective, since it avoids the strategic incentives for excessive mark-ups on energy costs and limits the incentives for collusive behavior. This reduces the risk of inefficient selection and dispatch of reserve units compared to a sequential scoring mechanism.
Measurement of hydro-generator's end region temperature

Paper presents results of measurements of hydrogenerator's end region steady state temperatures. Measurements were carried out in case of two hydro-generators, 65 MVA and 40 MVA respectively, installed in the same power plant. Four thermal probes were placed in each of the generators. Some of the tests, carried out for under-excited load conditions, had to be interrupted because the temperature of the end region exceeded 130degC. Results indicate that end region temperature should be monitored.
Modulation of appetite by gonadal steroid hormones

Several sex differences in eating, their control by gonadal steroid hormones and their peripheral and central mediating mechanisms are reviewed. Adult female rats and mice as well as women eat less during the peri-ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle (estrus in rats and mice) than other phases, an effect under the control of cyclic changes in estradiol secretion. Women also appear to eat more sweets during the luteal phase of the cycle than other phases, possibly due to simultaneous increases in estradiol and progesterone. In rats and mice, gonadectomy reveals further sex differences: orchiectomy decreases food intake by decreasing meal frequency and ovariectomy increases food intake by increasing meal size. These changes are reversed by testosterone and estradiol treatment, respectively. A variety of peripheral feedback controls of eating, including ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, hepatic fatty acid oxidation, insulin and leptin, has been shown to be estradiol-sensitive under at least some conditions and may mediate the estrogenic inhibition of eating. Of these, most progress has been made in the case of CCK. Neurons expressing estrogen receptor-α in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem appear to increase their sensitivity to CCK-induced vagal afferent input so as to lead to an increase in the satiating potency of CCK, and consequently decreased food intake, during the peri-ovulatory period in rats. Central serotonergic mechanisms also appear to be part of the effect of estradiol on eating. The physiological roles of other peripheral feedback controls of eating and their central mediators remain to be established.
Epitaxial silicon n+-p-&#960;-p+avalanche photodiodes for optical fiber communications at 800 to 900 nanometers

Silicon n+-p-π-p+avalanche photodiodes, having high speed (1 ns response time), low noise and high current gain, have been developed for optical fiber communications. These detectors provide a 16 dB improvement in sensitivity over nonavalanching photodiodes in optical receivers operating at 825 nm and 44.7 Mbit/sec. To facilitate fabrication on large diameter wafers, achieve uniform avalanche gain, and obtain quantum efficiencies greater than 90% at 800 to 850 nm, the avalanche photodiodes are constructed from 50 µm thick, high resistivity epitaxial silicon. At an average gain of 100, their resulting excess noise factor is only 4 to 6 times the shot noise limit. Low dark currents and good reliability are achieved through the use of guard rings, channel stops, bulk and surface gettering, dielectric passivation and surface field plates.
Soil Microbial Community Dynamics as Influenced by Composted Dairy Manure, Soil Properties, and Landscape Position

Manure applications can benefit crop productivity by adding required nutrients and organic matter to soil. There is a paucity of information on how soil microbial community dynamics will be altered by the application of manure to different landscape positions. Thus, an in situ field study was conducted during the summer and winter months to evaluate microbiological properties of three soil types that have evolved because of different landscape positions in an agricultural field. The three Coastal Plain soils investigated were Bama (sandy loam), Lynchburg (loam), and Goldsboro (loam) representing the landscape position of a summit, drainageway, and sideslope, respectively. Composted dairy manure was incorporated into in situ soil cores at a rate of 350 kg N ha−1 and compared with unamended controls. Soil microbial biomass N and dehydrogenase enzyme activity were determined to evaluate changes in the microbial biomass size and activity, whereas phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used as an indicator of the microbial community structure. Addition of composted dairy manure increased microbial activity and N immobilization, representing a shift in microbial response resulting from changes in substrate availability. This was most evident during summer months, with the composted dairy manure increasing dehydrogenase enzyme activity 21% and microbial activity 20% compared with without manure, suggesting that seasonal timing of application will influence microbial activity. Microbial properties were also impacted by landscape position. The drainageway landscape position soil, a loam, had the highest microbial biomass and microbial activity. Changes in microbial community structure using phospholipid fatty acid profiles were evaluated with canonical discriminate analysis. This analysis indicated that a shift in microbial community structure occurred between season, manure application, and landscape position. Findings from this study suggest that changes in soil variability from landscape positions and season can impact the growth and dynamics of the microbial community when manure is applied to agricultural fields.
Survey: Parameterized 3D human body modeling and geometric deformation technology

Human figure modeling and animation has been one of the primary areas of research in computer graphics. The complexity of simulating the human body and its behavior is directly proportional to the complexity of the human body itself, and is compounded by the vast number of movements it is capable of. In this paper, a detailed survey on existing methods for human-body modeling and skin deformations is given.