Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Essential oils of Cuminum cyminum L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seeds against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli

Abstract The composition of essential oils obtained from the seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Cuminum cyminum L. were analysed using GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were conducted by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution method. The essential oils of the seeds of F. vulgare showed maximum zone of inhibition 33 mm against S. typhimurium and 28 mm against E. coli respectively, while C. cyminum showed zone of inhibition 22 mm and 17 mm against S. typhimurium and E. coli respectively. MICs of essential oils were tested at concentration ranging from 2.0 to 0.0075 % (v/v). The F. vulgare essential oil showed lowest MIC values 0.031 and 0.062 % (v/v) against S. typhimurium and E. coli respectively, while C. cyminum showed MIC vaules 0.125 and 0.250 % (v/v) against S. typhimurium and E. coli respectively. The results showed that essential oil of F.vulgare is more effective than C. cyminum and S. typhimurium is more susceptible for the tested spices as compared to E.coli . The GC-MS data showed the main component found in F. vulgare Mill essential oil was identified as trans-anethole (50.4 %), methylchavicol (22.4 %), limonene (11.4 %) and fenchone (11.1 %) whereas γ-terpin-7-al (22.9 %), γ-terpinene (22.6 %), β-pinene (22.2 %) and cuminaldehyde (13.1 %) were the major compounds in C. cyminum L.
Effect of Addition of a Neutral Solvent on the Order−Order and Order−Disorder Transitions in a Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene Copolymer

We investigated the order−order and order−disorder transitions in a solution consisting of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene copolymer (Vector 4111 having weight-average molecular weights of 26 × 103 and 117 × 103 for polystyrene and polyisoprene block chains, respectively) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheology, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SAXS results obtained in a heating process show (a) that, in the 85.5/14.5 weight fraction Vector 4111/DOP solution, (1) an order−order transition (OOT) takes place at 130−140 °C, (2) a lattice-disordering transition (LDT) takes place at 150−155 °C, and (3) an order−disorder transition (ODT) takes place at ca. 205 °C and (b) that, in the 73.2/26.8 Vector 4111/DOP solution, (1) an OOT takes place at 80−90 °C, (2) no LDT takes place because the structure formed after the OOT contains a considerable amount of lattice distortion, and (3) an ODT takes place at ca. 130 °C. Both SAXS and TEM results show.
Why are double network hydrogels so tough

Double-network (DN) gels have drawn much attention as an innovative material having both high water content (ca. 90 wt%) and high mechanical strength and toughness. DN gels are characterized by a special network structure consisting of two types of polymer components with opposite physical natures: the minor component is abundantly cross-linked polyelectrolytes (rigid skeleton) and the major component comprises of poorly cross-linked neutral polymers (ductile substance). The former and the latter components are referred to as the first network and the second network, respectively, since the synthesis should be done in this order to realize high mechanical strength. For DN gels synthesized under suitable conditions (choice of polymers, feed compositions, atmosphere for reaction, etc.), they possess hardness (elastic modulus of 0.1–1.0 MPa), strength (failure tensile nominal stress 1–10 MPa, strain 1000–2000%; failure compressive nominal stress 20–60 MPa, strain 90–95%), and toughness (tearing fracture energy of 100∼1000 J m−2). These excellent mechanical performances are comparable to that of rubbers and soft load-bearing bio-tissues. The mechanical behaviors of DN gels are inconsistent with general mechanisms that enhance the toughness of soft polymeric materials. Thus, DN gels present an interesting and challenging problem in polymer mechanics. Extensive experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the toughening of DN gel is based on a local yielding mechanism, which has some common features with other brittle and ductile nano-composite materials, such as bones and dentins.
UV–VIS. SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FERULIC ACID AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

ABSTRACT The UV–Vis. absorption of ferulic acid and related compounds may be considerably augmented by substitution and environment. Among the circumstances investigated in the present study, esterification (mostly to polysaccharides in plant cell wall), dehydrodimerization and inclusion in a cellulose matrix substantially cause the absorption to increase and extend into the visible region. As a result of the combination of these three effects, dehydrodiferulate type units appear to be the most likely chromophore among the ferulic acid-derived structures.
Particle Release from Fabrics During Wear

A method has been developed for the controlled abrasion of fabrics and for the sampling and counting of the particles released during the process. The method may be used for the comparative evaluation of fabrics used in clean-room garments. In this paper, we compare particle release from fabrics likely to be worn under clean-room coveralls. A wide range of particle release was observed, durable press cotton fabrics giving the largest values. Measurements made near the openings in a clean-room garment worn over cotton clothing showed that some leakage of particles occurred at the neck. Paper presented at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Symposium on Particulate Contamination Control in Microelectronics, Chapel Hill, NC, October 10–14, 1988.
Development and characterization of a thermal inkjet-based aerosol generator for micro-volume sample introduction in analytical atomic spectrometry

A novel system for the introduction of liquid samples into analytical plasmas for atomic spectrometric analysis is presented in this manuscript for the first time. The proposed “drop-on-demand” (DOD) aerosol generator is based on the use of a modified thermal inkjet cartridge. This system employs a lab-built microcontroller, which allows accessing all parameters important for driving the dosing cartridge for the generation of pL-droplets from sample volumes in the μL range. The droplet generation frequency, thus the resulting liquid flow rate, is variable over a wide range from the generation of isolated droplets up to a theoretical flow rate of approximately 2 mL min−1, with parallel operation of all 300 nozzles available on the employed device. The flow rate was investigated in the range from 20 nL min−1 to 6.3 μL min−1 and a new calibration strategy based on the droplet generation frequency instead of on the use of standard solutions of different concentrations is introduced. The new system is characterized and the achievable analytical figures of merit of such a DOD aerosol generator coupled to a quadrupole ICP-MS are outlined and compared to a commercially available pneumatic low-flow nebulizer, the MicroMist™. The new system offers a superior sensitivity by a factor of 8–18, improved limits of detection and better background equivalent concentrations for the investigated elements (Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Ga, Sr, Ag, Cd, In, Ba, Tl and Bi). The achievable precision in multi-elemental DOD-ICP-MS analysis was found to be comparable to the data gained with the corresponding commercial system.
Thermal performance of a multi-effect diffusion solar still

A mathematical model has been developed to predict the thermal performance of an n-effect diffusion still which uses a flat-plate solar collector as well as a conventional source as heat generator. The model is based on the numerical solution of various differential equations, and yields temperature ditributions in the direction of the feed flow. The model is validated against the experimental results of Elsayed et al. (1984) for a three-effect still. In order to appreciate the model, numerical calculations have been made for studying the effect of different design/operational parameters on the performance of a three-effect still. Results of the calculations show that a three-effect still using a flat-plate solar collector as the heat-source produces a considerably higher distillate output in a climate corresponding to that of Delhi, India, then does a single-effect basin type solar still.
Pegylated Composite Nanoparticles Containing Upconverting Phosphors and meso‐Tetraphenyl porphine (TPP) for Photodynamic Therapy

The utilization of upconverting nanophosphors (UCNP) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained significant interests due to its ability to convert deep‐penetrating near‐infra red (NIR) light (i.e., 978 nm) to visible light. Previous attempts to co‐localize UCNPs with photosensitizers suffer from low photosensitizer loading and problems with nanoparticle aggregation. Here, the preparation of a novel composite nanoparticle formulation comprising 100 nm β−NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs, and meso‐tetraphenyl porphine (TPP) photosensitizer, stabilized by biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol‐block‐(dl)lactic acid) block copolymers (PEG‐b‐PLA) is presented. A photosensitizer loading of 10 wt% with respect to UCNP crystal was achieved via the Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) process. A sterically stabilizing PEG layer on the composite nanoparticle surface prevents nanoparticle aggregation and ensures nanoparticle stability in water, PBS buffer, and culture medium containing serum proteins, resulting in nanoparticle suitable for in vivo applications. Based on in vitro studies utilizing HeLa cervical cancer cell lines, the composite nanoparticles are shown to exhibit low dark toxicity and efficient cancer cell‐killing activity upon NIR excitation. Exposure with 134 W cm−2 of 978 nm light for 45 min resulted in 75% HeLa cell death. This is the first quantification of the cell‐killing capabilities of the UCNP/TPP composite nanoparticles formulated for photodynamic therapy.
Effect of nucleation layers on the growth and magnetic properties of CoCr and CoCr‐X films

The initial growth region in CoCr thin films is discussed with regard to its effect on the magnetic and microstructural properties of perpendicular recording media. Various nucleation films have been evaluated by interposing the nucleation layer between the substrate and the CoCr film. In some instances, the nucleation layer significantly improved the c‐axis texture and perpendicular anisotropy of the CoCr film. The results are reviewed and trends are evaluated to clarify the physical mechanism by which the phase and texture of polycrystalline CoCr films can be modified by sublayer nucleation films. Ternary CoCr‐X films have also been considered for perpendicular recording media applications. Experiments have shown that initial growth layers of randomly oriented grains can degrade the magnetic and structural properties of the ternary CoCr‐X alloys by the same mechanism. This paper describes a detailed evaluation of various nucleation layers for CoCr(W) and CoCr(Ta) magnetic films. Amorphous (microcrystall.
Measurement of Diffusion Coefficient and Surface Recombination Velocity for p-InGaAsP Grown on InP

Surface recombination velocity S2 and diffusion coefficient D2 of the minority carrier in p-InxGa1-xAsyP1-y (0.65<x<0.74, 0.61<y<0.78) on InP substrate were measured by two independent experiments; a laser-scan experiment on the beveled surface of the sample and a response speed experiment of the photodiode. The two independent experiments were analyzed simultaneously to obtain D2 and S2. The obtained S2 is 3-5×104 cm/s which is about one order of magnitude greater than that on n-InP and about two orders of magnitude smaller than that on GaAs. The diffusion coefficient of the minority carrier in the p-InGaAsP layer D2 is about the same as that of the majority carrier. The obtained D2 is 2-3 cm2/s.
Behavioral Management of Pain: A Case Report

Pain results from complex interplay of biological, psychological & sociocultural factors. There are gamuts of medical and psychosocial factors which cause pain. The advent of technology and inordinate and improper use of computers and its components like key board and mouse are also associated with pain. It has been found both on the basis of research and clinically that software professionals often consult physicians for pain in different site of their body more specifically fingers, upper limbs, neck and forehead. This medical condition is known as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). It might result because of repetitive tasks, mechanical compressions or sustained or awkward positions. The patients of this medical condition often experience inflammation at different sites of body parts which are often involved in using computers. Unhealthy bodily postures are also associated with an issue. Pain is basically a sensory, emotional and subjective experience. High psychological arousal and cognitive set are significant factors which maintain or exacerbate the pain. In this paper, Behavioral management of pain specifically refers to brief cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness based psychological interventions in pain management. The current paper focuses on psychological factors related to pain and presented a case with RSI in holistic pain management and highlights the importance of incorporating biopsychosocial model in pain management for speedy recovery and better quality of life of patient.
Synthesis of a Glycolipid Analogue Towards the Design of a Biomimetic Cell Membrane

SYNTHESIS OF A GLYCOLIPID ANALOGUE TOWARDS THE DESIGN OF A BIOMIMETIC CELL MEMBRANE Serena Singh Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Dr. F. -I. Auzanneau The synthesis of the three 6”-deoxy-6”-thio glycolipid analogues β-D-Gal-(1→6)-β-DGal-(1→4)-β-D-Glu-(1→OCH2)-[1,2,3]-triazole-1-dodecane, β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-Glu-(1→4)β-D-Glu-(1→OCH2)-[1,2,3]-triazole-1-dodecane and β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-Glu-(1→4)-β-D-Glu(1→OCH2)-[1,2,3]-triazole-1-octadecane is presented here. Glycosylation at position O-4‟ of a propargyl cellobioside glycosyl acceptor and position O-6‟ of a propargyl lactoside glycosyl acceptor with a 6-thio-6-deoxy galactosyl donor gave rise to two unique trisaccharides that in turn underwent copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions with either 1-azidododecane or 1azidooctadecane. The potential for each of these analogues to function as tethers of lipid bilayers to Au(111) was assessed primarily by differential capacitance experiments. Deposition of a bilayer of DMPC/cholesterol (70:30) by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) transfer followed by Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) touch to a self-assembled monolayer of the O-6‟ linked analogue, diluted with 1-β-D-thioglucose, failed. This led to simplifying the target architecture to diagnose the quality of the monolayers. A monolayer of the known monosaccharide 1-octadecane-4-(6thio-β-D-galacto-pyranosyloxymethyl)-[1,2,3]-triazole 1 prepared by LB transfer was found to support a lipid monolayer deposited by LS touch and this bilayer had the lowest minimum capacitance observed of 0.9 μF/cm 2 . An attempt to produce a bilayer by the same method using the trisaccharide bearing the C-18 alkane chain failed and this was attributed to high water solubility, which gave rise to poor organization at the air-water interface. A self-assembled monolayer of this variant went forward to produce a poor quality bilayer with a minimum capacitance of 7.1 μF/cm 2 , which was the lowest value obtained for the trisaccharide series of analogues.
Compression, Mechanical and Release Properties of Chloroquine Phosphate Tablets containing corn and Trifoliate Yam Starches as Binders

Purpose: A study was made of the binding properties of trifoliate yam starch, obtained from Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax), in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations in comparison with official corn starch. Method: Compressional properties were analyzed using density measurements and compression equations of Heckel and Kawakita. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using the crushing strength and friability of the tablets, while drug release properties of the tablets were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. Results: Tablet formulations containing trifoliate yam starch exhibited faster onset and higher amount of plastic deformation during compression than those containing corn starch. The crushing strength, disintegration and dissolution times of the tablets increased with binder concentration while friability values decreased. Trifoliate yam starch produced tablets with stronger mechanical properties and longer disintegration and dissolution times than those containing corn starch. Conclusion: Trifoliate yam starch would be a better alternative to corn starch in producing uncoated tablets for which high bond strength is essential.
Lithium bromide-promoted three-component synthesis of oxa-bridged tetracyclic tetrahydroisoquinolines

Heating a toluene soln. of an alpha -(isocyano)acetamide deriv. , an aldehyde and a 3-(2-aminophenyl)propenoic acid (aniline) deriv. in the presence of lithium bromide at 60 Deg provides an oxa-bridged tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline in good to excellent yield as a mixt. of two separable diastereoisomers. In this one-pot multicomponent reaction, one C-N, one C-O and three C-C bonds are formed with concomitant creation of five asym. centers and three heterocycles. Fragmentation of epoxy-tetrahydroquinoline an under mild acidic conditions affords a 4,6-phenanthroline deriv. The multicomponent reaction of 2-isocyano-1-(4-morpholinyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanone with heptanal and 3-(2-aminophenyl)-2-propenoic acid Me ester gave (1R,2S,4aS,5S,10bS)-rel-5-hexyl-1,5,6,10b-tetrahydro-2-(4-morpholinyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-2H-2,4a-epoxybenzo[f][1,7]naphthyridine-1-carboxylic acid Me ester (major product). [on SciFinder (R)]
Synthesis of new nanoporous carbon materials using nanostructured silica materials as templates

In this review, we summarize recent reports on the synthesis of various nanoporous carbon materials. Many nanoporous carbon materials having variable pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using appropriate nanostructured silica materials as templates. Nanoporous carbons with high pore volumes and uniform pore sizes have been produced using silica sol and silica gel as templates. Mesoporous carbons with several different pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM-48, HMS, SBA-15, MSU, and MCF as templates. Some of these nanoporous carbon materials were successfully used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants and electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells.
Semi-specific biosensors for measuring BOD in dairy wastewater.

BACKGROUND: Semi-specific microbial biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensors were constructed using living cells of Escherichia coliR17.1. 3 (E. coli) and Raoultella terrigena P74.3 (R. terrigena) immobilized in agarose gel matrix. The research involved comparison with the Pseudomonas fluorescensP75 (P. fluorescens) biosensor that had no specificity in decomposing lactose and milk derivates. The constructed BOD biosensors were calibrated with OECD synthetic wastewater and tested with different wastewater samples. RESULTS: The linear range of the calibration curve was 5–200 mg L−1 BOD7 for R. terrigena and P. fluorescens based biosensors and 150 mg L−1 BOD7 for the E. coli based biosensor. Service life was 60 days for E. coli and P. fluorescens based biosensors and 40 days for R. terrigena based biosensors. BOD values for dairy industry wastewater obtained with current semi-specific biosensors considerably overestimate BOD7, while universal biosensors underestimate BOD7 obtained by the conventional 7-day BOD test. CONCLUSION: In spite of extensive overestimation of BOD7 the semi-specific biosensors enabled better estimation of BOD in dairy industry wastewater than a reference P. fluorescens biosensor. The best result, in terms of service life, stability, sensitivity and reproducibility was accomplished with semi-specific E.coli biosensor. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Turbulence‐producing eddies in the viscous wall region

A computer simulation of turbulent flow in a channel is used to detect flow patterns related to the production of Reynolds stress. It is found that quadrant 2 and quadrant 4 events possess a streaky structure in the viscous wall region and that these events can be best understood by examining the velocity field in the y-z plane. Large turbulence production in the viscous wall region is found to occur in updrafts and downdrafts associated with closed eddies. These eddies, on average, have a spanwise dimension of 50 wall units and a streamwise dimension of 400–450 wall units. They are often seen to originate from small attached eddies at the wall.
The art of using ionic liquids in the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials

Wet chemistry using ionic liquids as the medium has proven to be highly efficient for the preparation of several types of metallic, metal oxides, and other kinds of semiconductor nanostructures, and so on. This article reviews state-of-the-art research activities in the field, focusing on the use of ionic liquids as a versatile regent for the synthesis of various nanoparticle systems. We begin with a survey of choices to explore the ability of ionic liquids to act as a reactant, solvent, and surfactant, as a function of other synthesis parameters, also denoted as ionic liquid precursors (or task-special ionic liquids), which offer many advantages over traditional solution-phase methods. We then examine the design and fabrication of functional inorganic materials by means of optimizing the effect models of ionic liquids. Many of the most recent advances in ionothermal or ionic liquid-assisted synthesis have been realized by appropriate choice of cations or anions of ionic liquids according to the need. This review also highlights crucial issues that should be addressed in future research activities.
The Electronic Structure of Diamond

The method of Wigner, Seitz and Slater has been applied to the determination of the electronic structure of diamond. It is found that the energy levels of the carbon atom are broadened into bands similar to the energy bands in metals. The 2s level of the atom splits into two bands, and the 2p level into six bands. The two 2s bands are completely filled by electrons and the two lowest of the 2p bands. The lowest unfilled band has a much higher energy than the highest filled band. The lack of electrical conductivity is explained and other properties of the diamond are discussed.
Spoilage changes in the deep water fish, smooth oreo dory during storage in ice

Summary Smooth oreo dory (Pseudocyttus maculatus), a deep water fish, was monitored for changes during storage in ice. Based on the sensory evaluation of the cooked flesh the storage life was 8 days for acceptable quality fish. Bacterial counts of flesh and surface, the loss of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and the K value showed significant changes during the storage life. Therefore these were found to be useful for monitoring loss of freshness and development of spoilage. After 13 days there were off flavours in the cooked fish, dephosphorylation of IMP had levelled off, and the K value had reached 70%. The changes that occurred during storage of this deep water species in ice were similar to those changes commonly observed in demersal species from shallow temperate coastal waters.