Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fine structure of the male accessory glands of Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773) (Hemiptera, Triatominae)

Male of Triatoma rubrofasciata has four elongated sac‐like reproductive mesodermic accessory glands, lined by an inner single layer of secretory cells, with basal plasma membrane infolds and short apical microvilli, and externally enveloped by a thin visceral muscle layer. The secretory cells have a well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, and secretory granules. In one day old adult the gland cells are poorly developed, presenting small, electron‐transparent secretory granules scattered among the rough endoplasmatic reticulum, whereas in three days old adult these cells have the cisternae of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum varing size degree, filled with granular electrondense content. In five days old males the secretory granules increase in diameter, being released to the gland lumen. Therefore, there is an increase of the secretory activity according to male maturation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Both ATP and the peptide VIP are inhibitory neurotransmitters in guinea‐pig ileum circular muscle.

1. Intracellular membrane potential recordings were made from circular smooth muscle cells of the guinea‐pig ileum in the presence of atropine (1 microM) and nifedipine (0.1 microM) at 30 degrees C. 2. Perfusion with adenosine triphospate (ATP, 100 microM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 2 microM) resulted in membrane hyperpolarizations of 6.4 +/‐ 0.3 and 6.8 +/‐ 0.3 mV, respectively. Picospritzes of ATP (10 mM in pipette) and VIP (100 microM in pipette) resulted in membrane hyperpolarizations of 6.9 +/‐ 0.4 and 6.3 +/‐ 0.4 mV, respectively. 3. The ATP‐induced hyperpolarizations were antagonized by alpha, beta‐methylene ATP desensitization (100 microM for 30 min) and the ATP antagonist Reactive Blue 2 (200 microM), but were unaffected by the VIP antagonist VIP 10‐28 (1 microM). 4. The VIP‐induced hyperpolarizations were antagonized by VIP 10‐28, but unaffected by alpha, beta‐methylene ATP desensitization and Reactive Blue 2. 5. A single pulse of transmural nerve stimulation (2 ms, 15 mA) resulted in an inhibitory junction potential (IJP) that reached a maximal amplitude of 12.9 +/‐ 0.5 mV at 378 +/‐ 20 ms from the stimulus. This fast IJP was abolished by apamin (2 microM) or tetrodotoxin (1 microM), antagonized by alpha, beta‐methylene ATP desensitization or Reactive Blue 2, but unaffected by VIP 10‐28. 6. In the presence of apamin (1 microM), four pulses of transmural stimulation (2 ms, 20 Hz, 15 mA) resulted in an IJP that reached a maximal amplitude of 4.8 +/‐ 0.2 mV at 1.4 +/‐ 0.1 s from the stimulus. This slow IJP was antagonized by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) or VIP 10‐28 (1 microM), augmented by Reactive Blue 2 (200 microM), and unaffected by alpha, beta‐methylene ATP desensitization. 7. These findings provide evidence that both ATP and VIP are inhibitory neurotransmitters in the circular muscle layer of the ileum and that ATP may be the neurotransmitter responsible for the fast IJP and VIP the neurotransmitter responsible for the slow IJP.
Xenografts of primary human prostatic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Prostatic carcinoma is both the most common invasive cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. Before 1991, attempts to propagate prostatic carcinoma from primary tumors for periods longer than 3 months were unsuccessful in vivo and in vitro with rare exceptions. In 1991, we reported establishment of slowly growing tumors for six of 10 human primary prostatic carcinomas approximately 2-6 months after transplantation. However, none of the tumors were larger than 5 mm or serially transplantable. PURPOSE Our purpose in this study was to determine whether human primary prostatic carcinoma could be grown as serially transplantable xenografts. METHODS Cells from primary prostatic carcinomas obtained from transurethral prostatic resections or total prostatectomies in 20 patients were injected subcutaneously into male nude mice on the day of surgery. Sustained-release testosterone pellets were placed subcutaneously in the mice 2-24 days before transplantation of tumors and at intervals of 10-12 weeks. Serial transplantations in subsequent generations of mice were carried out by similar methods. Chromosome analysis was performed on six tumors. RESULTS Six of 20 primary prostatic carcinomas have grown sufficiently to permit serial transplantation into second mice; four have been documented histopathologically in the second mouse and serially transplanted into three or more successive mice. When a single primary tumor was injected into several mice by the same procedure, tumors failed to grow in some recipients but became serially transplantable in others. Growth of these tumors is slow and irregular, with frequent regressions. Short-term cultures of 10 tumors, eight of which were injected into mice in parallel, were initiated on the day of surgery; CWR31, which was successfully transplanted serially, exhibited only aberrant metaphases and showed clonal, chromosomal changes in culture. Including CWR31, three of the six tumors for which chromosomal analysis was successful contained clonal aberrations. Preliminary studies of SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice suggest that they are not superior to nude mice for establishment of serially transplantable prostatic carcinoma xenografts. CONCLUSIONS A proportion of human primary prostatic carcinomas can be grown as xenografts. Four new serially transplantable xenografts (CWR21, CWR31, CWR91, and CWR22) are currently propagated in our laboratory, a resource that was not previously available. IMPLICATIONS Our experience suggests that the most important factor in serial transplantation is the collaboration of urologists and pathologists in expediting placement of the tumor in cold saline, examination of the frozen section, and transplantation.
Non‐additive effects of simulated heat waves and predators on prey phenotype and transgenerational phenotypic plasticity

Understanding the effects of extreme climatic events on species and their interactions is of paramount importance for predicting and mitigating the impacts of climate change on communities and ecosystems. However, the joint effects of extreme climatic events and species interactions on the behaviour and phenotype of organisms remain poorly understood, leaving a substantial gap in our knowledge on the impacts of climatic change on ecological communities. Using an aphid–ladybeetle system, we experimentally investigated the effects of predators and heat shocks on prey body size, microhabitat use, and transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (i.e., the asexual production of winged offspring by unwinged mothers). We found that (i) aphids were smaller in the presence of predators but larger when exposed to frequent heat shocks; (ii) frequent heat shocks shifted aphid distribution towards the plant's apex, but the presence of predators had the opposite effect and dampened the heat‐shock effects; and (iii) aphids responded to predators by producing winged offspring, but heat shocks strongly inhibited this transgenerational response to predation. Overall, our experimental results show that heat shocks inhibit phenotypic and behavioural responses to predation (and vice versa) and that such changes may alter trophic interactions, and have important consequences on the dynamics and stability of ecological communities. We conclude that the effects of extreme climatic events on the phenotype and behaviour of interacting species should be considered to understand the effects of climate change on species interactions and communities.
Study of frequency conversion process of two optically transmitted signals to p-i-n photodiodes

Three planar InGaAsP/InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes have been fabricated and used in a frequency conversion process of two optically transmitted signals. Nonlinear properties of the photodiodes have been measured. The differences between photodiode characteristics and obtained frequency conversion product level are discussed.
QUESTIONNAIRE TRANSLATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES EVALUATION

Even though a majority of the commonly used questionnaires were initially developed in English language, it is still possible to translate these questionnaires into another language. However, one should not simply assume that the validity of the items that are translated from one questionnaire to another remains intact. Therefore, it is important to translate the questionnaire using a process that incorporates the correct psychometric properties, such as the validity and reliability, before one can declare the translated questionnaire ready to be used.
Artificial Vision Techniques to Optimize Strawberry's Industrial Classification

This research presents novel artificial vision techniques applied to the detection of features for strawberries used in the food industry. For this purpose, a computer vision system based in artificial neural networks is used, organized as a deep architecture and trained with noise compensated learning. This combination originates a strong network - object relations which makes possible the recognition of complex strawberry features under changing conditions of lightning, size and orientation. The programming uses OpenCV libraries and fruits databases captured with a webcam. The images used to train the Artificial Neural Network are defined with canny edge detection and a moving region of interest (ROI). After training, the network recognizes important features such as shape, color and anomalies. The system has been tested in real time with real images.
Effects of exercise on plasma viscosity in athletes and sedentary normal subjects

To assess the immediate and long‐term effects of exercise on factors regulating blood flow, we measured plasma viscosity (ηp) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in 17 trained runners and 16 sedentary healthy subjects before and 10 min after graded treadmill exercise. Resting ηp was lower in runners primarily because of significantly lower fibrinogen concentration. Compared to nonrunners with similar 24‐h urine electrolyte excretion rates, runners were characterized by lower PRA at rest. In view of the overall correlation between heart rate and PRA before exercise, reduced adrenergic tone was probably a major factor contributing to the lower PRA in runners. After exercise, plasma viscosity and PRA exceeded control levels, and were similar in magnitude in runners and sedentary subjects. Changes in plasma viscosity were less than expected from the degree of hemoconcentration, primarily because enhanced fibrinolysis maintained fibrinogen level constant. To the extent that plasma viscosity affects viscous flow resistance, the results suggest that tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery rate at rest are greater in trained runners than in sedentary subjects, but these variables become similar after maximum exertion.
Primary Progressive Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech

Abstract Primary progressive aphasia is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive language dysfunction. The majority of primary progressive aphasia cases can be classified into three subtypes: nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic variants. Each variant presents with unique clinical features, and is associated with distinctive underlying pathology and neuroimaging findings. Unlike primary progressive aphasia, apraxia of speech is a disorder that involves inaccurate production of sounds secondary to impaired planning or programming of speech movements. Primary progressive apraxia of speech is a neurodegenerative form of apraxia of speech, and it should be distinguished from primary progressive aphasia given its discrete clinicopathological presentation. Recently, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of these speech and language disorders. The clinical, neuroimaging, and histopathological features of primary progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech are reviewed in this article. The distinctions among these disorders for accurate diagnosis are increasingly important from a prognostic and therapeutic standpoint.
Regulation of gene expression during spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis occurs in successive mitotic, meiotic and post-meiotic phases and genes expressed during this process encode proteins necessary for processes specific to the different phases of germ cell development. Some genes encode proteins with essential roles in structures or functions specific to spermatogenic cells, are expressed in developmentally regulated patterns and are transcribed only in, or produce mRNAs unique to, spermatogenic cells. They are referred to as chauvinist genes, because male germ cells favor their expression with such strong prejudice. The expression of these genes is influenced by extrinsic cues, but is determined primarily by the intrinsic genetic program of spermatogenic cells. These processes are subject to transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. However, many aspects of the mechanisms regulating gene expression in spermatogenic cells remain to be determined.
The Effects of Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review

Objective:To systematically review the effect of physical exercise on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive decline. Data Sources:Randomized controlled trials were identified by literature searches in PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and AgeLine. Study Selection:Papers were included on the basis of predefined inclusion criteria. Data Extraction:Data on study population, exercise intervention, and effectiveness were extracted. Two independent reviewers assessed methodological quality. Data Synthesis:Twenty-three studies were included-15 among cognitively healthy subjects and 8 among subjects with cognitive decline. Seven studies were qualified as high-quality studies, 2 in cognitively healthy subjects and 5 in subjects with cognitive decline. In cognitively healthy subjects, significant beneficial intervention effects were observed in 5 studies on information processing, executive function, or memory. Interventions in these studies included aerobic exercise only (n = 2); strength exercise (n = 1); strength and balance exercise (n = 1); or all-round exercise including aerobic, strength, balance and flexibility training (n = 1). In subjects with cognitive decline, 5 studies observed beneficial effects on general cognition, executive functions, and memory. Interventions included aerobic (n = 3) or strength exercise combined with flexibility or balance exercise (n = 2). Conclusions:Beneficial effects of various exercise programs on aspects of cognition have been observed in studies among subjects with and without cognitive decline. The majority of the studies, however, did not find any effect. The small number of included studies; lack of high-quality studies; and the large variability in study populations, exercise protocols, and outcome measures complicate interpretation of the results. More high-quality trials are needed to assess the effects of different types of exercise on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive decline.
A sectored planar periodic leaky-wave antenna fed by a printed surface-wave source

A planar leaky-wave antenna based on a grating of concentric annular microstrip rings fed by a non-directive TM0 surface-wave launcher is presented for two-sided continuous beam scanning and directive radiation at broadside. By appropriate selection of the grating periodicity and sectoring of the 2-D guiding structure, TE field distributions can be suppressed over a large bandwidth ensuring efficient TM0 leakage and radiation into the far-field. Measured results demonstrate a pencil beam at broadside with gain values greater than 15 dBi, making the design attractive for radar systems and communication applications. More importantly, the investigated techniques for TM unimodal operation can also be applied to other guidance structures where unwanted TE field excitation may be of concern at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.
An update of the evidence on the potential impact of periodontal therapy on diabetes outcomes

AIM To provide an update of the systematic review by Engebretson and Kocher J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Apr;40 Suppl 14:S153 on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control of people with diabetes. METHODS PubMed Literature search restricted to meta-analyses published from 2013 to the present was conducted. The search resulted in seven meta-analyses of RCTs. RESULTS Reduction in HbA1c at 3-4 months was reported in all reviews for the treatment group ranging from -0.27% (95% CI: -0.46, -0.07, p = .007) to -1.03% (95% CI: 0.36, -1.70, p = 0.003). At 6 months post-treatment, an HbA1c reduction ranging from -0.02 (95% CI: -0.20, -0.16, p = .84) to -1.18% (95% CI: 0.72%, 1.64%, p < 0.001) was reported. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The magnitude of the reduction in HbA1c, which is found to be associated with non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with diabetes, seems to have clinically significant effects on systemic health, and thus should have a place in the treatment of diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal treatment (SRP) results in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1C levels at 3 months, with a lower reduction at 6 months.
Bile Acid Signaling in Fetal Tissues: Implications for Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Background/Aims: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is complicated by spontaneous preterm labor, fetal anoxia and unexplained fetal death. We aim to evaluate the mechanisms by which raised fetal bile acids cause placental abnormalities and fetal cardiac pathology. Methods: The study was performed using placental samples taken from ICP pregnancies, placental explant culture, neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, and murine and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Results: Maternal cholestasis causes a placental phenotype with histological abnormalities. This can be evaluated using placental explant cultures. Taurocholate, the principal bile acid raised in the fetal compartment in ICP, causes abnormal cardiomyocyte contraction, rhythm and desynchronization of calcium dynamics. To extend our observations that the muscarinic M2 receptor plays a role in bile acid-induced arrhythmia in cardiomyocytes, we are developing a model containing mixed cell populations to represent the fetal and maternal hearts. This will be used to evaluate the underlying mechanisms to explain fetal arrhythmia in the presence of cholestasis. Conclusion: Bile acids signal via a spectrum of pathways in the placenta and the fetal heart.
A design technique to enhance isolation of duplexer in single-ended and differential modes

This paper describes a design technique to enhance isolation of acoustic duplexers in the single-ended and the differential modes for a so-called “inter-stage SAW-less” radio frequency (RF) front-end of cellular phones. The leakage signal from the Tx to the Rx ports existing inside the duplexer, which degrades the isolation characteristics, is cancelled out by utilizing a proposed circuit topology and by performing careful design of the whole duplexer structure. The principle directly enhances the single-ended isolation, but it also contributes to improve the differential mode isolation. The prototypes for the single-ended and differential duplexers exhibit isolation higher than 70 dB and 65 dB, respectively, in the Tx band for UMTS Band 1 application.
Cancer Knowledge and Disparities in the Information Age

Increasing information flow often leads to widening gaps in knowledge between different socioeconomic status (SES) groups as higher SES groups are more likely to acquire this new information at a faster rate than lower SES groups. These gaps in knowledge may offer a partial but robust explanation for differential risk behaviors and health disparities between different social groups. Drawing on the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2003), a national survey of communication behaviors conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), we examine the relationship between publicity and knowledge gaps on two cancer topics that received different levels of publicity: knowledge about tobacco and sun exposure and their respective links to cancer. Analyses of the HINTS 2003 data suggest that differential knowledge levels of causes of cancer between SES groups are one potential explanation of cancer disparities that have been extensively reported in the literature. It is evident that high income and high education are associated with awareness about causes of major cancers such as lung and skin, and may allow people to protect themselves and minimize their risks. The data also show that heavier media attention could attenuate the knowledge gaps though moderate publicity or lack of news coverage may actually widen them. Last, the findings in this article suggest that it is necessary to take into account the SES variation within different racial and ethnic groups rather than mask them by treating the groups as one.
A generalized disambiguation algorithm for weighted finite automata and its application to NLP tasks 林克彦

We present a disambiguation algorithm for weighted finite tree automata (FTA). This algorithm converts ambiguous FTA into equivalent non-ambiguous one where no two accepting paths labeled with the same tree exists. The notion of non-ambiguity is similar to that of determinism in the automata theory, but we show that disambiguation is applicable to the wider class of weighted automata than determinization. We conduct experiments on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, and also show that disambiguated automata become much smaller than determinized automata in practice.
Identification of novel kinase inhibitors by targeting a kinase‐related apoptotic protein–protein interaction network in HeLa cells

Protein kinases orchestrate activation of signalling cascades in response to extra‐ and intracellular stimuli for regulation of cell proliferation. They are directly involved in a variety of diseases, particularly cancers. Systems biology approaches have become increasingly important in understanding regulatory frameworks in cancer, and thus may facilitate future anti‐cancer discoveries. Moreover, it has been suggested and confirmed that high‐throughput virtual screening provides a novel, effective way to reveal small molecule protein kinase inhibitors. Accordingly, we aimed to identify kinase targets and novel kinase inhibitors.
Polymer optical microring filter for passive optical network applications

We report about design, fabrication and properties of the polymer optical microring resonator and coupled optical microring resonator filters operating at 1490 nm. The resonator was fabricated by using Epoxy Novolak Resin onto silica on silicon substrate. We started with designing single mode rib waveguides by using BeamPROP software and the obtained results were then capitalized to design microring resonator by using FullWAVE software, which is part of the RSoft software. The design of the MR has FWHM 22 nm and FSR 44 nm and the resonator was fabricated by using electron beam lithography.
A Broadband V-Band Rectangular Waveguide to Substrate Integrated Waveguide Transition

A broadband air-filled rectangular waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) transition is proposed at V-band. By introducing an aperture coupled patch antenna structure into the design, a bandwidth wider than 35% for |S11| <; -10 dB is achieved. A back-to-back prototype fabricated by the low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) technology shows that the insertion loss of a single transition is less than 0.58 dB within the bandwidth. With good performance and compact volume, the proposed transition is attractive for millimeter-wave circuit designs and measurements.