Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mypt1-mediated spatial positioning of Bmp2-producing cells is essential for liver organogenesis

Mesodermal tissues produce various inductive signals essential for morphogenesis of endodermal organs. However, little is known about how the spatial relationship between the mesodermal signal-producing cells and their target endodermal organs is established during morphogenesis. Here, we report that a mutation in the zebrafish myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (mypt1) gene causes abnormal bundling of actin filaments and disorganization of lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and endoderm cells. As a result, the coordination between mesoderm and endoderm cell movements is disrupted. Consequently, the two stripes of Bmp2a-expressing cells in the LPM fail to align in a V-shaped pocket sandwiching the liver primordium. Mispositioning Bmp2a-producing cells with respect to the liver primordium leads to a reduction in hepatoblast proliferation and final abortion of hepatoblasts by apoptosis, causing the liverless phenotype. Our results demonstrate that Mypt1 mediates coordination between mesoderm and endoderm cell movements in order to carefully position the liver primordium such that it receives a Bmp signal that is essential for liver formation in zebrafish.
DIFFERENTIAL ROLES OF RYANODINE‐ AND THAPSIGARGIN‐SENSITIVE INTRACELLULAR Ca2+ STORES IN EXCITATION–CONTRACTION COUPLING IN SMOOTH MUSCLE OF GUINEA‐PIG TAENIA CAECI

1 To explore roles of intracellular Ca2+ stores in excitation–contraction coupling in smooth muscle, we examined the effects of ryanodine, a fixer of ryanodine receptor–Ca2+ channels to an open state, and thapsigargin, a selective inhibitor of the Ca2+ pump in the intracellular stores, on smooth muscle contraction in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+ in guinea‐pig taenia caeci. 2 In Ca2+‐free solution, contractions induced by 0.1 mmol/L carbachol and 0.1 mmol/L histamine were reduced to approximately 65% of control by either 1 µmol/L thapsigargin or 10 µmol/L ryanodine. In contrast, caffeine‐induced contraction was reduced to approximately 40% of control by ryanodine, but was not affected by thapsigargin. 3 In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, thapsigargin slowly induced a large and sustained contraction. In contrast, ryanodine did not induce an apparent contraction, but increased the sensitivity of contractile responses to receptor agonists (carbachol, AHR‐602 and histamine) or depolarizing high K+ with no changes in the maximal contraction. 4 These results suggest that there are pharmacological and physiological differences between ryanodine‐ and thapsigargin‐sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores in excitation–contraction coupling in smooth muscle, which may be responsible for their differential effects on the Ca2+‐influx pathway.
Cancer and Aging: Challenges and Opportunities across the Cancer Control Continuum

Cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly. Greater than 60% of new cancers occur in people aged >65 years, and 60% of the current 10 million cancer survivors are aged 65 years. Given these large numbers and the potential vulnerability of older adults, older cancer survivors have become an especially important group to study. This article discusses published research on the physical and mental functioning of older cancer survivors. In the first part, the authors reviewed studies of those who are newly diagnosed at the age of 65 years. The second part reviewed the research regarding long-term (5 years) cancer survivors who are aged >65 years, but may have been diagnosed at a younger age. Older survivors are likely to be more affected by cancer in terms of physical than psychologic function. However, comparisons with individuals without a history of cancer suggest that older cancer survivors may be faring worse physically and psychologically than noncancer comparison groups. For older cancer survivors, cancer occurs against a background of other chronic conditions and normal aging, and comorbidities and symptoms are important factors to consider. Limitations of the research were discussed, and recommendations for future research were provided. In particular, prospective studies with measures of functioning before cancer diagnosis and treatment, comparisons with age-matched noncancer populations, and interventions to reduce the impact of cancer on functioning are needed. Cancer 2008;113(12 suppl):3519–29. � 2008 American Cancer Society.
Usable advanced visual interfaces in aviation

Aviation systems represent a rich, difficult, and critical environment for usability. The life critical importance of aviation systems complemented by with their complexity and the diversity and uncertainty of environments in which they operate, place them necessarily on the avant-guard of usability. We describe the broad range of aviation missions, operators, and operating environments and relate these to key dimensions of usability and visual interfaces. We illustrate this concretely with two case examples: ground control stations for remotely piloted aircraft and air traffic management systems. We explore how in both these cases advances in machine autonomy and human control promise to enhance operator situational awareness and control, however, not without challenges. We share guidelines to ensure effective usability to include: require usability as a key performance parameter, architect and design systems and operations that incorporate affordances and fault tolerance, employ standards to increase learnability and interoperability, instrument environments to tailor usability, and assess effects (Maybury 2012). Finally, remaining challenges and future directions are discussed.
La comptabilité à Rome : essai d'histoire économique sur la pensée comptable commerciale et privée dans le monde antique romain

Le commerce a tenu une place importante dans l'antiquite romaine, il suscite encore l'interet de nombreux chercheurs. Toutefois, la comptabilite qui lui etait indispensable n'a pas rencontre un succes parallele. Ses principes sont demeures meconnus. L'absence de documentation directe significative ou de livres de comptes romains constitue la principale difficulte de toute rechereche, mais en contrepartie, elle en fait tout l'interet intellectuel. Le present ouvrage a un double objectif. L'un a l'attention du lecteur qui n'a pas de formation comptable, pour lui faciliter la comprehension des modes operatoires microeconomiques romains. L'autre pour le lecteur qui a une formation comptable, en lui presentant des sources documentaires historiques. Les textes litteraires et juridiques d'expression latine sont la principale source d'informations. En les etudiant a travers une grille de lecture comptable, le lecteur peut y trouver une multitude d'indices revelateurs de la mentalite comptable des Romains et de la facon dont ils tenaient leurs comptes.Leur comptabilite n'etait absolument pas primitive, elle etait elaboree. Des regles et un vocabulaire precis lui etaient consacres. Ce systeme comptable avait neanmoins des limites par rapport a celui developpe et conserve depuis la fin du Moyen vCge en Occident. Les Romains auraient pu avoir le meme, mais ils ne l'ont pas fait. Il s'agit d'un choix de leur part et non d'une difficulte technique qu'ils n'auraient pas su surmonter.
SOUS-EVALUATION A L'INTRODUCTION EN BOURSE ET VALORISATION: L'EXEMPLE D'ALTERNEXT

Cette etude s'interesse aux introductions sur le nouveau compartiment de cotation, Alternext, cree par Euronext en mai 2005. Une sous-evaluation a l'introduction significative est confirmer sur un echantillon d'entreprises introduites entre mai 2005 et octobre 2007. Celle-ci semble resulter du comportement tant des investisseurs, particuliers ou institutionnels, que de celui des dirigeants et actionnaires en place. En particulier, cette sous-evaluation apparait comme le fruit d'une volonte des evaluateurs, introducteurs et dirigeants, de valoriser faiblement les entreprises etudiees.
Muscle Fiber Composition and Capillary Density in Women and Men With NIDDM

OBJECTIVE To determine whether muscle fiber composition and capillary density differed between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Muscle fiber composition and capillary density were determined in biopsies from women and men with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and compared with those of control subjects matched for gender, age, obesity, and the waist-to-hip ratio, which are all factors known to influence muscle morphology. RESULTS Patients with NIDDM, as well as control subjects with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance, showed the same abnormalities in muscle morphology, namely, a low percentage of type I fibers, elevated type II (particularly type IIB) fibers, and a low capillary density. These changes correlated closely with insulin concentrations in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS Recent information suggests that insulin may regulate myosin synthesis in muscle in the direction of the changes observed. Therefore, it is possible that muscle fiber composition abnormalities in insulin-resistant conditions are secondary to hyperinsulinemia. However, the low capillary density, hypothetically, may contribute to insulin resistance.
GTPase RhoB: An Early Predictor of Neuronal Death after Transient Focal Ischemia in Mice

Applying the recently developed DNA array technique to a murine stroke model, we found that the gene coding for RhoB, a member of the family of GTPases that regulate a variety of signal transduction pathways, is upregulated in ischemia-damaged neurons. RhoB immunoreactivity precedes DNA single-strand breaks and heralds the evolving infarct, making it an early predictor of neuronal death. Expression of RhoB colocalized with drastic rearrangement of the actin cytoarchitecture indicates a role for Rho in postischemic morphological changes. Apoptosis in a murine hippocampal cell line was also associated with an early increase in RhoB protein. Activation of caspase-3, a crucial step in apoptosis, could be inhibited by cytochalasin D, a substance that counteracts the actin-modulating activity of Rho GTPases, indicating that Rho proteins may have impact on injury-initiated neuronal signal transduction. Our findings make Rho GTPases potential targets for the development of drugs aimed at limiting neuronal death following brain damage.
Disipación energética y protección vascular durante la hipertensión arterial sistémica: rol del músculo liso

RESUMEN Introduccion: las arterias amortiguan las oscilaciones de alta frecuencia de las ondas de presion y flujo disipando energia. El amortiguamiento protege la pared arterial de danos relacionados con dichas oscilaciones. Objetivo: analizar el rol del musculo liso vascular (MLV) en la proteccion parietal y disipacion energetica de arterias carotidas (ACC) de sujetos normotensos, hipertensos e hipertensos tratados con inhibidores de la enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA). Metodos: presion (tonometria) y diametro (ecografia) carotideos se registraron en sujetos normotensos (n=12) e hipertensos (n=22) asignados aleatoriamente a tratamiento placebo (n=10) o inhibidores de la ECA (ramipril 5-10 mg/dia, n=12). Se midio in vitro, presion y diametro en ACC de donantes (n=14; tono vascular nulo), en condiciones hemodinamicas similares a las de los sujetos. Se calculo para cada latido, usando modelizacion adaptativa, el indice viscoso, elastico e inercial, la energia disipada (W ) y el amortiguamiento parietal. Resultados: en los hipertensos, la W fue mayor (p<0,05) que en los normotensos, mientras que la proteccion parietal fue similar. Solo en los hipertensos tratados, la W se acerco a los valores de los normotensos, sin cambiar la proteccion parietal. En situacion de tono nulo (in vitro) la W y la proteccion parietal fueron menores que en los normotensos (p<0,01), evidenciando la dependencia de estos parametros con el tono muscular. Conclusion: el sistema arterial mantiene la proteccion parietal. El MLV protege a la pared disipando energia. En hipertensos, la disipacion energetica aumenta, y se mantiene el amortiguamiento y proteccion parietal. La disipacion energetica puede reducirse (tratamiento), disminuyendo la poscarga ventricular y manteniendo la proteccion arterial. PALABRAS CLAVE: ARTERIAS MUSCULO LISO HIPERTENSION CIRCULACION SANGUINEA
Detection of depression among patients with problematic alcohol use in General Out Patient setting

Background: The nature of the relationship between depression and alcohol use is of interest to mental health professionals. Failure to detect such disorders in the hospital settings denies them access to adequate treatment. This study therefore, aimed to assess the presence of depression in patients with problematic alcohol use presenting at the General Out-patient clinic and the ability of the physicians to detect such disorders. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Consecutive and voluntarily consenting patients attending the clinic over a period of eight weeks were recruited and administered the alcohol section of the patient health questionnaire. Those that met criteria for problematic alcohol use were then screened for depression using the depression section of the patient health questionnaire. Results: Two hundred and nine (31.1%) out of 672 that were recruited into the study met the criteria for problematic alcohol use. Sixty-five (31.1%) of them screened positive for depression. Female gender (p=0.000), unemployment (p=0.002) and been married (p=0.027) tend to be associated with depression. Physicians were only able to make diagnosis relating to psychopathology in 19.1% of the participants. Conclusion: There is a need for screening for co-morbidity of depression with alcohol by primary care physicians in General Outpatient Units due to high rate of patients with such problems. Such screening will help in early intervention and consequent treatment.
The control of the cerebral circulation.

The cerebral circulation is broadly limited by factors extrinsic to the brain, namely the general arterial blood pressure and the cardiac output. The cerebral blood flow will be maintained until the cardiac output is decreased by more than a third or the blood pressure is lowered to half or less of the normal value. Within these broad limits the cerebral blood flow is regulated by intrinsic factors, principally the cerebrovascular tone, which in turn is markedly influenced by chemical factors, chiefly the respiratory gases, and only slightly affected by neurogenic factors.
A designed of miniaturized Vivaldi antenna for antenna array applications

This paper presents a miniaturized Vivaldi antenna in order to meet the practical requirements of antenna array applications. Compared to the conventional Vivaldi antenna (CVA), the width of the modified Vivaldi antenna aperture is reduced 38.05% by adding regular slot edges (RSE), which will prevent the antenna array from generating the grating lobes. Additionally, the RSE has improved the radiative features of antenna. It mitigates the side lobe level, overcomes the beam-squint at E-plane, and increases gain. The parameters of the CVA and CVA-RSE are optimized. The simulated impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) is approximately from 7.85 GHz to 12 GHz for both of them. A comparison between the modified CVA-RSE and CVA at 12 GHz shows an improved gain of 10.8 dB, −13.3 dB of the Side Lobe Level (SLL), and 0 degrees of the Main Lobe Squint (MLS) at E-plane, in contrast with 9.5 dB of gain, −9.9 dB of SLL, and 2 degrees of the MLS at E-plane in the conventional Vivaldi antenna.
Prevalence of antibody to adult T‐cell leukemia virus‐associated antigens (ATLA) in Japanese monkeys and other non‐human primates

The prevalence of adult T‐cell‐leukemia virus (ATLV) infection was examined in Japanese monkeys living naturally in various parts of Japan and in other species of non‐human primates imported into and kept in Japan. Sera of 2,650 Japanese monkeys from 41 troops throughout Japan were tested. High incidences of anti‐ATLV‐associated antigen (ATLA)‐positive monkeys were found in most troops, not only in the endemic area of human ATL(Southwestern Japan), but also in non‐endemic areas. The incidence of sero‐positive individuals increased gradually with age, reaching a maximum when the animals became adult, indicating age dependency, like that found by epidemiological studies on humans. Anti‐ATLA antibodies were also detected in 90 of 815 sera of imported non‐human primates of 33 species other than Japanese monkeys. All the anti‐ATLA sero‐positive monkeys were Catarrhines (Old World monkeys), mainly macaques of Asian origin. Some sero‐positive monkeys were also found among animnals of African origin, but no antibody was detected in Prosimians and Platyrrhines (New World monkeys). The clear‐cut difference between the geographical distribution of seropositive simians and that of humans indicates the improbability of direct transmission of ATLV from simians to humans.
Tlokwa material culture as it relates to the usage of beadwork

The paper is based on field research conducted mainly during 1998 among the Batlokwa of the Mt Fletcher district (Eastern Cape, South Africa). It explores the largely unresearched Tlokwa material culture, as it relates to their beadwork. The investigation of Tlokwa beadwork showed that it is secondary to other aspects of the traditional material culture; it represents forms of meaning which have their roots in the making and wearing of traditional leather garments, fringed skirts, and certain materials used for body ornamentation. The major part of the paper is a detailed description of the traditional crafts of processing cow hides and certain natural fibres, so as to open, in a postscript to this paper, a discussion on developing the local economy without infringing on the meaning structure which today the beadwork of the Batlokwa represents. In this connection the intricate questions of the indigenous knowledge, the intellectual property and its protection, will be raised. To cite this article: Kuckertz, H. J. 2000. Tlokwa material culture as it relates to the usage of beadwork . Natal Museum Journal of Humanities 12 : 97-121.
Critical factors of information security implementation

The research report focuses on the issue of critical factors in relation to the implementation of Information Security (InfoSec). Several authors have proposed ways of implementing critical factors of InfoSec, suggesting particular methodologies to achieve them. In this paper the researchers summarise the advice of different authors and identify critical factors in the InfoSec implementation. This leads us to an analysis of the generic factors of InfoSec implementation. The resulting critical factors model provides a framework for the analysis of actual organisational practices.
Mutational analysis of the p73 Gene in human breast cancers

In primary breast cancer, mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene lead to loss of growth‐suppressive properties and poor outcome. Recently, a p53‐related gene, termed p73, has been cloned and its gene product possesses a function similar to p53. p73 has been mapped at chromosome 1p36.3, a region frequently deleted in breast cancer, neuroblastoma and other malignancies. To elucidate the functional significance of p73 in the oncogenesis of breast cancer, we have studied genetic alterations of p73 in tissue specimens obtained from 87 patients with primary breast cancer. Thirteen percent of informative cases showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the p73 gene. However, there was no correlation between the p73 LOH and clinical features such as histo‐pathological types, metastatic behavior or expression of estrogen or progesterone receptor. The levels of p73 transcript in primary breast cancer were not significantly different from those in normal breast tissue. Moreover, PCR‐SSCP analysis failed to detect any missense or frameshift mutations in the p73 gene. Our observations suggest that allelic loss, expression levels and mutations of the p73 gene may not contribute to oncogenesis of primary breast cancers. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:321–325, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mode Matching design of substrate integrated waveguide diplexers

A K-band diplexer based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is presented. The diplexer has input and output ports on opposite sides and bandwidths of 2.75 percent and 2.11 percent at 18.15 GHz and 19 GHz, respectively. The diplexer is designed using an efficient Mode-Matching Technique (MMT), verified by CST and prototyped. Measured results are in good agreement with theory and simulation results and show good isolation between the channels. Attenuation towards higher frequencies is better than 40 dB up to 25 GHz. The measured insertion losses are 3.05 dB in the lower band and 2.3 dB in the upper band.
Model-data synthesis of diurnal and seasonal CO 2 fluxes at

Eddy covariance records hold great promise for understanding the processes controlling the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE). However, NEE is the small difference between two large fluxes: photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration. Consequently, separating NEE into its component fluxes, and determining the process-level controls over these fluxes, is a difficult problem. In this study, we used a model-data synthesis approach with the Simplified PnET (SIPNET) flux model to extract process-level information from 5 years of eddy covariance data at an evergreen forest in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. SIPNET runs at a twice-daily time step, and has two vegetation carbon pools, a single aggregated soil carbon pool, and a soil moisture submodel that models both evaporation and transpiration. By optimizing the model parameters before evaluating model-data mismatches, we were able to probe the model structure independent of any arbitrary parameter set. In doing so, we were able to learn about the primary controls over NEE in this ecosystem, and in particular the respiration component of NEE. We also used this parameter optimization, coupled with a formal model selection criterion, to investigate the effects of making hypothesis-driven changes to the model structure. These experiments lent support to the hypotheses that (1) photosynthesis, and possibly foliar respiration, are down-regulated when the soil is frozen and (2) the metabolic processes of soil microbes vary in the summer and winter, possibly because of the existence of distinct microbial communities at these two times. Finally, we found that including water vapor fluxes, in addition to carbon fluxes, in the parameter optimization did not yield significantly more information about the partitioning of NEE into gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration.