Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bovine UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:Lysosomal-enzyme N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase I

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase) catalyzes the initial step in the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate determinant required for efficient intracellular targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. The enzyme was partially purified ∼30,000-fold by chromatography of solubilized membrane proteins from lactating bovine mammary glands on DEAE-Sepharose, reactive green 19-agarose, and Superose 6. The partially purified enzyme was used to generate a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies. The anti-GlcNAc-phosphotransferase monoclonal antibody PT18 was coupled to a solid support and used to immunopurify the enzyme ∼480,000-fold to apparent homogeneity with an overall yield of 29%. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 10-12 μmol of GlcNAc phosphate transferred per h/mg using 100 mM α-methylmannoside as acceptor. The subunit structure of the enzyme was determined using a combination of analytical gel filtration chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and amino-terminal sequencing. The data indicate that bovine GlcNAc-phosphotransferase is a 540,000-Da complex composed of disulfide-linked homodimers of 166,000- and 51,000-Da subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56,000-Da subunits.
Nostodione A, a Novel Mitotic Spindle Poison from a Blue-Green Alga Nostoc commune

A novel antimitotic compound named Nostodione A (Nd A) was isolated from a terrestrial blue-green alga Nostoc commune. Nostodione A disturbed the mitotic spindle formation of sea-urchin eggs and gave small spindles with low birefringence density. Nostodione A. however, had no phytotoxicity on the germination of a dicotyledonous plant Medicago sativa. Based on the spectral analysis and chemical degradation, the structure of Nostodione A was elucidated
Promoter mutagenesis for fine‐tuning expression of essential genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A range of regulated gene expression systems has been developed for mycobacteria in the last few years to facilitate the study of essential genes, validate novel drug targets and evaluate their vulnerability. Among these, the TetR/Pip‐OFF repressible promoter system was successfully used in several mycobacterial species both in vitro and in vivo. In the first version of the system, the repressible promoter was Pptr, a strong Pip‐repressible promoter of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, which might hamper effective downregulation of genes with a low basal expression level. Here, we report an enhanced system that allows more effective control of genes expressed at low level. To this end, we subjected Pptr to targeted mutagenesis and produced 16 different promoters with different strength. Three of them, weaker than the wild‐type promoter, were selected and characterized showing that they can indeed improve the performances of TetR/Pip‐OFF repressible system both in vitro and in vivo increasing its stringency. Finally, we used these promoters to construct a series of bacterial biosensors with different sensitivity to DprE1 inhibitors and developed a whole‐cell screening assay to identify inhibitors of this enzyme.
Interactive Technology Solutions for Prisoners: An Environment where Sub-optimal User Interfaces can have Significant Impact?

As a work in progress, we are currently investigating if current offender technology used in prisons worldwide meets the needs of prisoners who have low computer and reading literacy. In addition to the obvious requirements of a prisoner’s persona, researchers have identified that emotions in prisons can be heightened and usability issues with technology can be disruptive and result in unwanted behavior. With this in mind, we aim to evaluate the user interfaces using validated usability testing protocols.
The Oligocene bottleneck and New Zealand biota: genetic record of a past environmental crisis

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12S sequences from the two New Zealand ratite orders, the kiwi and moa, indicate that each group represents a separate colonization event. However, the amount of mtDNA genetic diversity observed within each of the New Zealand groups is similar, and limited, which is not consistent with the ratite phylogenetic tree. We examine the Cenozoic (65-0 million years ago) geological history of New Zealand for possible causes and summarize evidence for land area and climatic changes. A genetic bottleneck is hypothesized and tested, by using molecular data from a second mitochondrial locus (ND6) and a further taxon, the New Zealand acanthisittid wrens. The data support the existence of a widespread genetic bottleneck during the mid-Cenozoic in New Zealand and demonstrate the benefits of synthesizing traditional research with new molecular techniques.
The mutant selection window in rabbits infected with Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND The mutant selection window hypothesis, originally based on agar plate assays, may lead to new antimicrobial dosing strategies that severely restrict the acquisition of resistance. However, it has not been directly tested in an animal model of infection. METHODS Local infection with Staphylococcus aureus was established in rabbits, and the infected animals were treated orally with various doses of levofloxacin. Changes in levofloxacin concentration, levofloxacin susceptibility, and counts of total and resistant viable bacteria were monitored at the site of infection. RESULTS S. aureus lost levofloxacin susceptibility when drug concentrations at the site of infection fluctuated between the lower and upper boundaries of the window, defined in vitro as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)(99) and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), respectively. The upper boundary of the selection window in vivo was estimated as an AUC(24)/MPC value of ~25 h, where AUC(24) is the area under the drug concentration time curve in a 24-h interval. The lower boundary was estimated as an AUC(24)/MIC value of ~20 h. CONCLUSIONS The mutant selection window exists in vivo, and its boundaries fit well with those determined in vitro. Maintenance of antimicrobial concentrations above the window is expected to suppress the outgrowth of resistant mutant subpopulations.
Pathologic aspects of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia.

e term “bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOR)” is a relatively recent term for a cinicopathologic entity that has been recognized for some time. ’ The name derives from a series of cases collected in the 1970s and 1980s by Charles Carnington. These represented exasnples of idiopathic diffuse (or at least multifocal) interstitial pneumonia clinically that showed histologic features of bronchiolitis obliterans with patchy organizing pneumonia, as well as other features as discussed below. This series was collected and collated by Epler et al’ and published in the New England Journal of Medicine as “bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. ” The eponym BOOR derives from histologic presence of bronchiolitis obliterans and organizing pneumonia. BOOR is not a new lesion and similar cases have been previously reported under a number of different synonyms CFable 1). ’� Some of the previous synonyms for BOOR have emphasized the presence of bronchiolitis obliterans because of its identification histologically�’� and not on the basis of clinical evidence of airflow obstruction. Lange7 is credited with the first histologic description of bronchiolitis obliterans in an autopsy study of 2 patients, 1 of whom died of an acute illness in 8 days, and the other who died after 6 months of progressive lung disease. Microscopically, polypoid granulation tissue was found in airways and the terms “bronchitis and bronchiolitis obliterans” were applied. � Subsequent to this report, bronchiolitis obliterans is mentioned as a histologic finding in a number of other studies, notably those of Winternitz’ in 1920 on war gas inhalation and the 1918 influenza pandemic,’ Blumgart and MacMahonbo in 1929, McAdams” in 1955, and Gosink ------�-----� �-�----�
Delay-compensation techniques for ultra-low-power subthreshold CMOS digital LSIs

In this paper, we propose delay-compensation techniques for subthreshold digital circuits. Delay in digital circuits that are operated in the subthreshold region of a MOSFET changes exponentially with variations in threshold voltage. To mitigate such variations, threshold-voltage monitoring and supply-voltage scaling techniques are adopted. By monitoring the threshold voltage of each LSI chip and exploiting the voltage to supply voltage to subthreshold digital circuits, variations in delay time can be suppressed significantly. Monte Carlo SPICE simulation demonstrates that delay-time distribution can be improved from log-normal to normal. The coefficient of variation for the proposed technique is 31%.
Constrained Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease during Sequential Therapy with Two Distinct Protease Inhibitors

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants that have developed protease (PR) inhibitor resistance most often display cross-resistance to several molecules within this class of antiretroviral agents. The clinical benefit of the switch to a second PR inhibitor in the presence of such resistant viruses may be questionable. We have examined the evolution of HIV-1 PR genotypes and phenotypes in individuals having failed sequential treatment with two distinct PR inhibitors: saquinavir (SQV) followed by indinavir (IDV). In viruses where typical SQV resistance mutations were detected before the change to IDV, the corresponding mutations were maintained under IDV, while few additional mutations emerged. In viruses where no SQV resistance mutations were detected before the switch to IDV, typical SQV resistance profiles emerged following the introduction of IDV. We conclude that following suboptimal exposure to a first PR inhibitor, the introduction of a second molecule of this class can lead to rapid selection of cross-resistant virus variants that may not be detectable by current genotyping methods at the time of the inhibitor switch. Viruses committed to resistance to the first inhibitor appear to bear the “imprint” of this initial selection and can further adapt to the selective pressure exerted by the second inhibitor following a pathway that preserves most of the initially selected mutations.
A 2.5-GHz band low-voltage class-E power amplifier IC for short-range wireless communications in 180-nm CMOS

A fully integrated class-E power amplifier IC in 180-nm CMOS is presented for 2.5-GHz band short range wireless communication systems. To realize high efficiency with low operation voltage, a class-E amplifier with back gate effect has been designed, fabricated and fully evaluated. The proposed amplifier IC can operate at a supply voltage from 0.5 V to 1.5 V. The amplifier IC exhibits a P1dB of 6.9 dBm and a saturated output power of 10.7 dBm with a maximum drain efficiency of 36.4% at a 1.0 V power supply.
On SDE associated with continuous-state branching processes conditioned to never be extinct

We study the pathwise description of a (sub-)critical continuous-state branching process (CSBP) conditioned to be never extinct, as the solution to a stochastic differential equation driven by Brownian motion and Poisson point measures. The interest of our approach, which relies on applying Girsanov theorem on the SDE that describes the unconditioned CSBP, is that it points out an explicit mechanism to build the immigration term appearing in the conditioned process, by randomly selecting jumps of the original one. These techniques should also be useful to represent more general $h$-transforms of diffusion-jump processes.
AMP–Activated Protein Kinase Activation Causes GLUT4 Translocation in Skeletal Muscle

It has previously been reported that exercise causes an increase in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and also an increase in 5 (cid:57) AMP–activated protein kinase (AMPK) a c t i v i t y. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1- (cid:98) - D - r i b o f u-ranoside (AICA-riboside), an analog of adenosine, is taken up into cells and phosphorylated to form AICA-riboside monophosphate (ZMP), which can also activate AMPK. This study was designed to determine whether the increase in glucose uptake observed with AMPK activation by AICA-riboside is due to GLUT4 translocation from an intracellular location to the plasma membranes, similar to that seen in response to contraction. Rat hindlimbs were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicar-bonate containing 4% bovine serum albumin, washed bovine erythrocytes, 8 mmol/l glucose, and ±2 mmol/l AICA-riboside or ±60 nmol/l insulin. Perfusion medium containing AICA-riboside was found to significantly increase AMPK activity, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle above basal levels. Insulin-perfused muscles showed signiﬁcant increases in glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation, but AMPK activation was not signiﬁcantly changed from basal lev- els. These results provide evidence that the increased glucose uptake observed with AMPK activation by AICA-riboside in perfused rat hindlimb muscles is due to an increase in the translocation of GLUT4 to surface membranes. 1999
Active brainwave pattern generation for brain-to-machine communication

Over the years of research, Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal study has grown to give promising outcomes. A lot of research has been done on implementing brain-computer-interfaces, and the brain-computer interface (BCI) algorithm as well as the study of the effects of different stimuli on brain signals. This paper intends to make progress toward that goal by developing a responsive real-time EEG-based brain-to-machine communication system by generating distinct EEG signals at will and identification of the explicit pattern that they reflect for the presented self-induced internal visual and auditory stimuli. The brain-to-machine communication system delivers the real-time capture, analysis, and visualization of the brain signal patterns that can be used for smart medical applications such as rehabilitation robotic control, smart wheelchair, etc.
Development and Evaluation of Paired Words for Testing of Speech Recognition Threshold in Telugu : A Preliminary Report

The present study was primarily aimed at developing paired words for testing of SRT in Telugu and comparing the SRTs obtained using paired words and existing empirically untested bisyllabic word list being used in most clinics. A total of 160 paired words, compiled from written responses of 100 native Telugu speakers were subjected to familiarity ratings by 200 adults resulting in two lists of 50 paired words each; one consisted of paired words rated as most familiar (MF) and another consisted of paired words rated as unfamiliar (UF). SRTs were obtained using two lists of paired words and the existing bisyllabic words (SRT-Ext) in 50 adults (aged 2030 years) with hearing within normal limits and 15 adults (aged 20-30 years) with mild-to-moderate symmetrical hearing loss due to sensorineural pathology. Participants demonstrated significantly lower SRTs for paired words in comparison to existing bisyllabic words; SRT-MF was significantly lower than SRT-UF. Further, SRTs obtained with the most familiar paired words were in better agreement with the PTA in comparison to those obtained with unfamiliar paired words and bisyllabic words. The study provided preliminary evidence on the appropriateness of paired words for testing of SRT in Telugu and may be used as an alternative to the bisyllabic word list currently being used in most clinics for testing SRTs in Telugu.
GART: A graft algorithm to rebalance binary search trees on nonvolatile memories

Recently, the rapid development and application of diversified embedded systems, such as cyber-physical systems (CPSes) and Internet-of-things (IoTs), is widely observed. Because embedded systems are often powered by batteries, the energy efficiency has become a key issue in system development. As a result, various energy-efficient nonvolatile memories, such as phase-change memory (PCM) or spin-torque-transfer random-access memory (STT-RAM), have become attractive choices for the storage of data and accompanying metadata (such as the index information of data) on embedded systems. However, a write operation takes much more (7X-10X) time and energy than a read operation does on many nonvolatile memories. This makes existing dictionary structures, e.g., the well-known red-black tree or B-tree, not preferred for metadata management nonvolatile memories. Although some efficient out-place update schemes such as partial Day-Stout-Warren (pDSW) algorithm have been proposed for tree rebalancing, they could result in serious fragmentation of space usage and garbage collection overheads. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach called Graft-based Algorithm for Tree Rebalancing (GART) to efficiently rebalance search trees with reduced garbage collection overheads. Just like the pDSW algorithm, although GART algorithm does not guarantee the worst-case height og the search tree, it provides an efficient means to ensure good memory access time on tree querying in most cases.
Improvised volatility shift detector by drift detection in data streams

Drift detection techniques are new concept which detects a change in distribution within a stream. In the streaming environment, it is the process of segmenting a data stream into different segments. These segments are obtained by identifying the points where the stream dynamically changes. At present there are no such techniques that analyze the change in the rate of these detected changes. The term “stream volatility” was proposed to describe the rate of changes in a stream. Efficient method was proposed to find volatility of change points detected by drift detector. Variance in change point verifies volatility in data streams. The random sampling method is used to calculate volatility but downside of random sampling method used for finding volatility is that some points are missed out while calculating volatility. These missing points may cause huge difference in volatility measure. To overcome this problem, we propose window technique which would consider all points concern to measure volatility without losing any more recent point.
Differential presentation of group A streptococcal superantigens by HLA class II DQ and DR alleles

Superantigens have been implicated as pivotal mediators of severe invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections, by virtue of their potent immunostimulatory activity. HLA polymorphism has been suggested to influence the susceptibility to severe invasive GAS infection. Here we studied the influence of allelic and isotypic variation of HLA class II molecules on GAS superantigen‐induced immune responses using cells derived from patients with bare lymphocyte syndrome, untransfected or transfected with various HLA class II alleles. Significantly higher proliferative responses were detected when streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (Spe) A was presented by cells expressing DQA1*0101/DQB1*0302 (DQ3.2), as compared to cells expressing DR1, DR4, or DR5 alleles (p=0.0002–0.01). In contrast to SpeA, SpeC was preferentially presented by DR4 as compared to DQB1*03 (p=0.04). In agreement with the proliferation results, a significantly higher frequency of IL‐2‐, TNF‐α‐, TNF‐β‐, and IFN‐γ‐producing cells was detected when SpeA was presented by HLA class II DQB1*03 alleles as compared to DR4 (p=0.0002–0.04). Binding experiments showed a high affinitybinding of SpeA to both class II DR4 and DQB1*0302, and there was no significant difference in SpeA binding affinity between the two alleles. The data confirm the effect of allelic polymorphism in superantigen responses and show that different superantigens are preferentially presented by distinct class II alleles.
N-HUB Routing with Bandwidth and Energy based QOS and Link Optimization in Wireless Networks

In this paper, we simulate effectiveness of “N-hub Shortest-Path Routing” in wireless static topology networks. N-hub Shortest-Path Routing allows the ingress node of a routing domain to determine up to N intermediate nodes (“hubs”) through which a packet will pass before reaching its final destination. This facilitates better utilization of the network resources, while allowing the network routers to continue to employ the simple and well-known shortest-path routing paradigm. The concept is being used in several different ways. We explore the concept of N-hub routing in the context of Wireless Network. By using the technique the system can detect overall number of Incoming and outgoing connections and based on the parameters like delay and energy can determine the optimum number of nodes ideal for current transmission. Further the system is simulated with node failure and congestion errors. It is demonstrated that the proposed system performs better than present shortest path routing.
Gastric vagal afferent modulation by leptin is influenced by food intake status

• Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds expenditure, and the excess energy is stored as fat. • We show that, after a 14 h food deprivation or 12 weeks consumption of a high‐fat diet, gastric vagal afferent responses to mechanical stimulation in the presence of the satiety peptide leptin are altered. • Leptin has an excitatory effect on gastric mucosal vagal afferents, which is abolished after food restriction or prolonged excess. • In contrast, leptin has an inhibitory effect on gastric tension‐sensitive afferents, but only after food restriction or energy excess conditions. • These changes in the response to leptin in the stomach, after food restriction or prolonged high‐fat feeding, occur in such a manner as to facilitate an increase in food intake in both conditions.
Long-Term Effects of 4-Year Longitudinal School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on the Physical Fitness of Children and Youth during 7-Year Follow-Up Assessment

Many school-based physical activity (PA) interventions have been developed, but only a few have assessed their long-term effects. A PA intervention taking place in the first four years of some Slovenian primary schools entails an enhanced physical education (PE) curriculum, including two extra lessons of PE per week, a wider selection of PE content, and additional outdoor education delivered by both a specialist PE teacher and a general teacher. The effects of the intervention on children's physical fitness (motor tasks and anthropometry) were evaluated within a quasi-experimental study. In total, 324 children from nine Slovenian primary schools either received the enhanced curriculum (intervention (n=160)) or standard PE (control (n=164)), and were followed for a four-year intervention period and seven years post intervention. Data from the SLOFIT database were used to compare differences in the physical fitness of children each year. Linear Mixed Models were used to test the influence of the PA intervention. Over an 11-year period, the PA intervention group significantly differed in all motor tasks, but not in anthropometric measures or body mass index, after controlling for year of measurement and sex. Differences between the control and intervention groups decreased with time. This study highlights the importance of tracking the long term effects of PA interventions. PA intervention in the first four years of Slovenian primary school offers the possibility of improving physical performance in children; initiatives aiming to increase their performance (physical fitness, physical activity) and health outcomes are warranted.