Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teasing apart and piecing together: towards understanding Web-based interactions

It is difficult to deeply understand Web-based interactions and people’s use of information online. This makes it difficult to capture existing web experiences so they can be recreated in other systems (for example, to help with accessibility) and to move real-world situations to the web while maintaining the essential elements of the original situation (for example, creating digital equivalents of existing social environments). We describe TAPT, a tool for achieving this understanding, and we present a comparative evaluation of TAPT against using Scenarios or Group Discussion to capture user experience. We discuss the results of this evaluation, which suggests that while Scenarios can help capture specific experiences from certain types of user, and Group Discussion requires less effort, TAPT is superior at teasing out in a structured way the key elements that make an experience what it is. Our results show that TAPT could be a valuable tool for analysing and redesigning online experiences, and that the best approach to design may be to apply multiple methods in a complementary fashion.
Photoprotection of Copper-Amine-Treated Pine

Phenolic UV absorbers containing 2-[(2"-benzotriazinyl)-4'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butylphenyl]ethyliso-cyanate (HBTNCO) and isocyanates of monosubstituted polyethylene glycol (350) as PEGNCO, and commercial Tinuvin 1130 (T1130) and Tinuvin precursor (PT1130) were evaluated for protection of copper-amine treated maritime pine against photodiscoloration. Treated wood was irradiated with UV (ultraviolet) light from a pressure mercury lamp of 400 watts for various periods of time. The color change after irradiation was estimated by using the CIELAB system. Grafting of HBTNCO+PEGNCO to wood surfaces using microwaves provided relatively good protection against discoloration.
Fire season precipitation variability influences fire extent and severity in a large southwestern wilderness area, United States

Despite a widely noted increase in the severity of recent western wildfires, this trend has never been quantified. A twenty‐year series of Landsat TM satellite imagery for all forest fires on the 1.4 million ha Gila National Forest suggests that an increases in area burned and area burned severely from 1984–2004 are well correlated with timing and intensity of rain events during the fire season. Winter precipitation was marginally correlated with burn severity, but only in high‐elevation forest types. These results suggest the importance of within‐season precipitation over snow pack in modulating recent wildfire size and severity in mid‐elevation southwestern forests.
Critical Discourse Analysis as a Theory and Review Methodology Research-in-Progress

Research disciplines and subdisciplines are steeped in epistemological beliefs that guide and constrain research. These beliefs both enable scientific inquiry and limit scientific progress. Theory and review papers tend to be a means for reproducing ideological assumptions. However, review papers can also challenge ideological assumptions. This paper presents a method for systematically conducting critical reviews of IS literature by employing Habermasian strains of critical discourse analysis.
Flower trade-offs derived from nectar investment in female reproduction of two Nicotiana species (Solanaceae)

Animal-pollinated flowers may orient resources for competing activities, such as nectar production for attracting flower visitors but then saving nectar (through inhibiting nectar production or by final resorption) for the subsequent maturation of fruits and seeds. Nectar production is continuous in Nicotiana longiflora and N. alata after flower opening, but early nectar removal reduces total secreted nectar. Resource trade-off between nectar investment and seed production were experimentally assessed in manually pollinated flowers experiencing different numbers of repeated nectar removals, while controlling for maternal effects. We expected that flowers with less nectar secretion produce larger seed sets. The results showed that for both species the earlier the nectar removal during flower anthesis, the lower the total nectar secreted and the higher the mass of seeds produced. This general pattern was clearer for N. longiflora. The link between decreased nectar production and the subsequent increase in the seed set implies that resources are limited. Consequently, nectar savings during the pollination process through early nectar removal by pollinators can be interpreted as a trade-off between resources secreted by flowers for pollinator attraction and those utilized during fruit and seed maturation.
How Inflation Targeters ( Can ) Deal with Uncertainty

This paper was motivated by the fact that the methods employed by inflation targeters to deal with uncertainty do not receive as much attention as other parts of the inflation targeting strategy. This insufficient attention does not correspond to the impact that these methods, or a lack of them, can have on the quality of decisions about interest rates. There are two essential reasons why inflation targeters need a well-designed methodology for dealing with uncertainty. Firstly, inflation targeting is a forward-looking strategy. Prior to setting interest rates, monetary policy makers need the best possible inflation forecast, given the constraints of imperfect knowledge about the current state of the economy and even less perfect knowledge about future economic events. Improper dealing with uncertainty can lead to defects in the decision-making process, and, as a result, sub-optimal policy reactions can burden the economy with otherwise avoidable costs, for example an excessive output loss.1 Secondly, a well thought out methodology for dealing with uncertainty is easily explained to the general public. Any ad hoc or implicit treatment of uncertainty necessarily leads to confusion on the part of the financial markets and the public, who have difficulties understanding why a certain decision about interest rates was taken. This confusion can prevent the financial markets from deriving correctly the future direction of monetary policy from the inflation forecast, and the general public from distinguishing the consequences of unforeseen external shocks from policy errors. The subsequent loss of monetary policy credibility can be costly for the economy.2
CONTINUOUS DEPENDENCE OF FIXED POINTS OF SOME PARTICULAR MAPS IN COMPLETE METRIC SPACE

In this paper, we prove the continuous dependence of fixed points in a complete metric space. We show that for function satisfying certain condition with iterative process is continuous and depend on parameter of the space. Results of the investigation revealed that Mann and Kranoselskij iteratives are satisfied with general contractive conditions.
An investigation into the effect of audit quality on accounting conservatism in companies listed in Tehran stock exchange

The present study sought to investigate the effect of audit quality on accounting conservatism in Iranian capital market. In this study, given the hypotheses and theoretical foundations of the study, three hypotheses were formulated and the effect of each of the factors of industry-specialist auditor, auditor rank, and auditor tenure was examined on accounting conservatism of companies. The period for investigation was from 2009 to 2013. Its population was determined as all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample of the study included 100 companies. The data required for this study were extracted from website of Tehran Stock Exchange and after collecting events through available resources and entering data in Excel software; its functions were used to calculate the variables of the study. Then, the results from measuring variables were entered into Eviews software for statistical calculations and the relationship between variables were evaluated using this software. The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between accounting conservatism and auditing attributes such as auditor rank and auditor tenure. Also, the obtained results indicated that there is no significant relationship between accounting conservatism and customer industry-specialist auditor.
Time Series Analysis of Air Pollutants for Karabük Province

The air is polluted and the atmospheric pollution has becoming a great problem for human beings due to the high rate consumption of energy. Most of the scientists dealing with the air pollution state that the first reason of all environmental problems is the population increase. Depending on population, the high consumption of energy (including heating purposes, electricity production, transportation and industries) agricultural activities, waste disposal and the pressure for destroying forest areas create air pollution problem. The atmosphere is polluted and the concentrations of pollutants have increased tremendously. Karabük Province is one of the famous provinces of heavy industries. There are 3 air quality measurement stations. In this study, the last 2 years hourly and daily air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO, NOx, NO2, O3 and CO) were studied as a time series by using graphical and statistical approaches. The results were considered seasonally and annually. The meteorological condition is also very effective in atmospheric pollution. Moreover, the industrial production and consumption of energy are also high pressure on Karabük province. The concentrations in each station are also showing different characteristics during two years’ period. The highest concentrations (such as PM10, SO2, NO, NOx) are, as usual, seen in winter season due to industrial usage of energy for production and household consumption of energy for heating. However, for O3, the highest concentration is observed in summer season, because the atmospheric ozone trend is supposed to show an opposite trend compared with NO due to photochemical reaction with these gases. For CO, the maximum concentration is recorded as 4779 μg/m3 in august in 2015. The analyses of data have shown that, the atmosphere is polluted highly with PM10, SO2, NO, NOx, NO2, and CO during winter season. The households are very effective using high coal for heating purposes in Karabük Province.
Defining a typology for Danish coastal waters

A typology has been developed for the Danish coastline, most of which is located in a region with a strong physical and biological gradients. It was found necessary to use different criteria for characterizing the open water coast and estuaries. The open water coast was characterized with respect to salinity, depth, wave exposure and tidal influence, whereas estuaries were characterized with respect to bottom salinity, degree of stratification, the ratio of residence time to surface runoff and sluice-control. The approach results in dividing the Danish coastal waters into 15 different types. It, however, still remains to be analyzed whether this typology is useful when considering different biological quality elements as indicators of water quality.
The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey. II. Disk Masses from ALMA Continuum Observations

We report 885 μm ALMA continuum flux densities for 24 Taurus members spanning the stellar/substellar boundary with spectral types from M4 to M7.75. Of the 24 systems, 22 are detected at levels ranging from 1.0 to 55.7 mJy. The two nondetections are transition disks, though other transition disks in the sample are detected. Converting ALMA continuum measurements to masses using standard scaling laws and radiative transfer modeling yields dust mass estimates ranging from ∼0.3 to 20 M⊕. The dust mass shows a declining trend with central object mass when combined with results from submillimeter surveys of more massive Taurus members. The substellar disks appear as part of a continuous sequence and not a distinct population. Compared to older Upper Sco members with similar masses across the substellar limit, the Taurus disks are brighter and more massive. Both Taurus and Upper Sco populations are consistent with an approximately linear relationship in Mdust to Mstar, although derived power-law slopes depend strongly upon choices of stellar evolutionary model and dust temperature relation. The median disk around early-M stars in Taurus contains a comparable amount of mass in small solids as the average amount of heavy elements in Kepler planetary systems on short-period orbits around M-dwarf stars, with an order of magnitude spread in disk dust mass about the median value. Assuming a gas-to-dust ratio of 100:1, only a small number of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs have a total disk mass amenable to giant planet formation, consistent with the low frequency of giant planets orbiting M dwarfs.
Questionário sobre dificuldades comunicativas percebidas por pais de crianças do espectro do autismo

PURPOSE: To develop a questionnaire to the assessment of communicative difficulties perceived by parents and/or caregivers of children on the autism spectrum in relation to their children. METHODS: The specific aspects addressed by the questionnaire derived from the literature and from the author's clinical experience in specialized services. The questions were organized according to different domains and responses registered on a Likert-type scale. It was performed a pilot study with 40 parents, 20 parents of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 20 parents of children without complaints of language as a way to verify the applicability of the questionnaire construction and their usefulness in identifying the specific difficulties of the target population. Was calculated the level of agreement of the issues and the results of the groups were compared (Student T Test). RESULTS: The questionnaire was developed in order to cover the fundamental aspects of interpersonal relationships, both within the communicative and social domains. It was divided into 24 multiple choice questions covering four areas and an open question, with space to parents report something they consider important and that has not been asked. The study allowed testing the understanding of the instrument and the statistical analysis indicated that 19 questions showed difference. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire identified differences in perception and attitude of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders and children without complaints of language in relation to communication difficulties with their children. Thus, it was proved useful to assess these difficulties in a larger group of individuals.
Vehicular Cloud Computing: leading towards tomorrow’s Internet of Vehicles

Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) adapts from the fact that Vehicular Nodes can use their on-board Computational power, Storage and Communicational resources to interact with the Cyber-Physical elements possible in ways as never before. Through this survey we identify Vehicular Cloud Computing as an essential stepping stone towards visualizing the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) eco-system to integrate Mobile Adhoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Mobile Computing and Cloud Computing. We provide an in-depth classification on the state of the art of Vehicular Cloud computing by drawing a relationship between the existing domains and Internet of Vehicles through a review of the works carried recently in literature. We compare and contrast Vehicular Cloud Computing with other similar fields to gain a better insight of the subject. Finally we present the open issues and challenges that need the utmost attention in realizing tomorrow’s cyber-physical systems
Asymptotics of robust utility maximization.

For a stochastic factor model we maximize the long-term growth rate of robust expected power utility with parameter $\lambda\in(0,1)$. Using duality methods the problem is reformulated as an infinite time horizon, risk-sensitive control problem. Our results characterize the optimal growth rate, an optimal long-term trading strategy and an asymptotic worst-case model in terms of an ergodic Bellman equation. With these results we propose a duality approach to a "robust large deviations" criterion for optimal long-term investment.
Importance of glass transition and water activity to spray drying and stability of dairy powders

Spray-drying is a rapid dehydration method allowing production of high quality dairy powders. In dehydration and subsequent powder handling and storage, however, both chemical and physical changes, such as caking, lactose crystallisation, and nonenzymatic browning, may impair powder characteristics and result in loss of powder quality. Many of these changes are related to the physical state of lactose, as rapid removal of water in spray drying results in the formation of low- moisture, amorphous, noncrystalline structures of lactose and other milk components. The amor- phous components may exist as solid-like glasses or highly supercooled, viscous liquids. The forma- tion of amorphous, glassy lactose during spray drying allows production of a free-flowing powder. High temperatures or residual water contents at the later stages of the drying process, however, may cause stickiness, caking, browning, and adhesion of the powder particles to the processing equip- ment. The glass transition of amorphous lactose occurs in the vicinity of room temperature at a water content of about 6.8 g (g × 100) -1 of lactose corresponding to an equilibrium relative humidity of 37% and 0.37 a w (water activity). At higher water contents, as the glass transition of amorphous lactose is well below storage temperature, dairy powders become sticky and the amorphous lactose may exhibit time-dependent crystallisation. Crystallisation of amorphous lactose may also release sorbed water from the amorphous material, which enhances other deteriorative changes, such as the nonenzymatic browning reaction. Amorphous lactose in dairy powders encapsulates milk fat, which, as a result of lactose crystallisation, is released and becomes susceptible for rapid oxidation. The glass transition and water activity are, therefore, important factors controlling processability, handling properties and stability of dairy powders.
The geomagnetic variation in Dusheti observatory related with earthquake activity in East Georgia (January - July 1012)

Before strong earthquake magnetic precursors denoted by many authors, but must to say, that more of them don’t satisfy stern criterions. The method of earthquake’s predictions are based on the correlation between geomagnetic quakes and the incoming minimum (or maximum) of tidal gravitational potential. The geomagnetic quake is defined as a jump of day mean value of geomagnetic field one minute standard deviation measured at least 2.5 times per second. The probability time window for the incoming earthquake or earthquakes is approximately ± 1 day for the tidal minimum and for the maximum- ± 2 days. The statistic evidence for reliability of the geomagnetic precursor is based on the distributions of the time difference between occurred and predicted earthquakes for the period January-June of 2012 for Dusheti region.
Projections of mid-century summer air-quality for North America: effects of changes in climate and precursor emissions

Abstract. Ten year simulations of North American current and future air-quality were carried out using a regional air-quality model driven by a regional climate model, in turn driven by a general circulation model. Three separate summer scenarios were performed: a scenario representing the years 1997 to 2006, and two SRES A2 climate scenarios for the years 2041 to 2050. The first future climate scenario makes use of 2002 anthropogenic precursor emissions, and the second applied emissions scaling factors derived from the IPCC Representative Concentration Pathway 6 (RCP 6) scenario to estimate emissions for 2050 from existing 2020 projections. Ten-year averages of ozone and PM 2.5 at North American monitoring network stations were used to evaluate the model's current chemical climatology. The model was found to have a similar performance for ozone as when driven by an operational weather forecast model. The PM 2.5 predictions had larger negative biases, likely resulting from the absence of rainwater evaporation, and from sub-regional negative biases in the surface temperature fields, in the version of the climate model used here. The differences between the two future climate simulations and the current climate simulation were used to predict the changes to air-quality that might be expected in a future warmer climate, if anthropogenic precursor emissions remain constant at their current levels, versus if the RCP 6 emissions controls were adopted. Metrics of concentration, human health, and ecosystem damage were compared for the simulations. The scenario with future climate and current anthropogenic emissions resulted in worse air-quality than for current conditions – that is, the effect of climate-change alone, all other factors being similar, would be a worsening of air-quality. These effects are spatially inhomogeneous, with the magnitude and sign of the changes varying with region. The scenario with future climate and RCP 6 emissions for 2050 resulted in an improved air-quality, with decreases in key pollutant concentrations, in acute human mortality associated with air-pollution, and in sulphur and ozone deposition to the ecosystem. The positive outcomes of the RCP 6 emissions reductions were found to be of greater magnitude than the negative outcomes of climate change alone. The RCP 6 scenario however resulted in an increase in the deposition of nitrogen, as a result of increased ammonia emissions expected in that scenario, compared to current ammonia emissions levels. The results of the study raise the possibility that simultaneous reductions of greenhouse gases and air pollution precursors may further reduce air pollution levels, with the added benefits of an immediate reduction in the impacts of air pollution on human and ecosystem health. Further scenarios to investigate this possibility are therefore recommended.
Cointegration analysis of tourism revenues by the member countries of European Union to Greece.

The countries of Europe and especially European Union member countries are, traditionally, amongst the most important tourism markets for Greece. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run changes in tourism revenues from European Union member countries to Greece. In order to explain tourism revenues we are using a number of leading macroeconomic variables, including the real income of 15 member-countries of EU, the exchange rate and some dummies, which examine the crises periods for tourism. The quarterly data that are used for this paper cover the period from 1960:1 to 2000:4. The augmented Dickey-Fuller for unit root is examined in the univariate framework and the Johansen’s maximum likelihood procedure is used to test the cointegration method and to estimate the number of cointegrated vectors of ‘VAR model’Vector autoregressive processes. Error correction model is estimated to explain tourism revenues from European Union member countries to Greece. The results of this paper have shown that the real income of 15 membercountries of EU and the exchange rate have a positive effect on the tourism revenues of Greece, whereas some political crises have a negative effect on them.