Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communicative approach to teaching programming

There are many different theoretical researches, which deal with the content and quality of teaching. Their common aim is to improve the quality of teaching both for students and pedagogues. The aim of the paper is to give the basic information about methods of the communicative approach to teaching, in teaching programming. The communicative approach to teaching (CAT) is based on the optimisation of the amount and retention of knowledge, and the character of subject matter achieved by the higher motivation of students', and applying the knowledge in a real context. The communicative approach to teaching exploits a broad spectrum of methods, which support the general development of instructional ability of students, independent and cooperative solving of problems, and also object teaching. The centre of teaching is created by methods which use mutual communication, together with solving problems in pairs and in groups, and processes elaborating the independent solving of problems. The purpose of this paper is to suggest applying the CAT method mainly used in teaching foreign languages, to teaching programming by means of the Pascal programming language.
Communicating Benefits and Harms of Treatment

TO THE EDITOR: After reading the article by Woloshin and Schwartz (1) on communicating risk, I reviewed a similar publication by the same authors (2). I do not disagree with the findings of either study, but I do believe that there is a problem with the choice of methods used to present scenarios to patients. The key is to use concrete and personalized images that give meaning to abstract concepts of benefit and harm (3). Begin with using an appropriate frame of reference. If the denominator is 100, use the number of U.S. senators. If 1000, cite the number of soldiers in a battalion. If 10 000, use the capacity of the local AAA baseball team. If 100 000, refer to the attendance at the annual Ohio State University–Michigan football game. To review comparative data, ask the patient to imagine 2 separate barrels of Ping-Pong balls. One barrel is marked with the intervention (Questor) and the other placebo. The Questor barrel contains 25 red Ping-Pong balls (heart attack) and 975 white Ping-Pong balls (no heart attack). The placebo barrel contains 33 red Ping-Pong balls and 967 white Ping-Pong balls. Repeat the scenarios for side effects. Finally, ask the patient to imagine that they are blindfolded and are reaching into each barrel and request that they assess how much risk they are willing to assume to achieve the stated benefit. For primers in this area, the comparative scenarios can be illustrated in drawings.
Representations of Goals & Sources in Causal Motion Events Over Development

Infants perceive events and young children readily talk about them. How is this accomplished? Children must first parse an event into its relevant components (e.g., The duck waddled out of the nest into the pond: duck, waddle, out of, nest, etc.). Then, they must categorize the objects, actions, and spatial relations such that they can be mapped into language (duck = figure, waddle = motion, out of nest = source path, into pond = goal path), (Jackendoff, 1983). Finally, they can map these representations into syntactic structures (e.g., noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, etc.) so that they can talk about what they see. In this paper we explore how properties of the event, specifically the ability to cause motion in another object (e.g., a cannon shooting a ball), may influence the mapping from non-linguistic representations into language.
Euskahaldun: euskararen aldeko martxa

This work is motivated by the dearth of research that deals with social media content created from the Basque Country or written in Basque language. While social fingerprints during events have been analysed in numerous other locations and languages, this article aims to fill this gap so as to initiate a much-needed research area within the Basque scientific community. To this end, we describe the methodology we followed to collect tweets posted during Korrika, the quintessential exhibition race in support of the Basque language. We also present the results of the analysis of these tweets. Our analysis shows that the most eventful moments lead to spikes in tweeting activity, producing more tweets. Furthermore, we emphasise the importance of having an official account for the event in question, which helps improve the visibility of the event in the social network as well as the dissemination of information to the Basque community. Along with the official account, journalists and news organisations play a crucial role in the diffusion of information. In order to encourage others to perform further research in the field, we make all the tools publicly available.
Will the starless cores in Chamaeleon I and III turn prestellar

The nearby Chamaeleon molecular cloud complex is a good laboratory to study the process of low-mass star formation since it consists of three clouds with very different properties. Cha III does not show any sign of star formation, while star formation has been very active in Cha I and may already be finishing. Our goal is to determine whether star formation can proceed in Cha III, and to compare the results to our recent survey of Cha I. We used the Large APEX Bolometer Array (LABOCA) to map Cha III in dust continuum emission at 870 micron. 29 sources are extracted from the map, all of them being starless. The starless cores are found down to a visual extinction of 1.9 mag, in marked contrast with other molecular clouds, including Cha I. Apart from this difference, the Cha III starless cores share very similar properties with those found in Cha I. At most two sources have a mass larger than the critical Bonnor-Ebert mass, which suggests that the fraction of prestellar cores is very low, even lower than in Cha I. Only the most massive sources are candidate prestellar cores, in agreement with the correlation found earlier in the Pipe nebula. The mass distribution of the 85 starless cores of Cha I and III that are not candidate prestellar cores is consistent with a single power law down to the 90% completeness limit, with an exponent close to the Salpeter value. A fraction of the starless cores in Cha I and III may still grow in mass and become gravitationally unstable. Based on predictions of numerical simulations of turbulent molecular clouds, we estimate that at most 50% and 20% of the starless cores of Cha I and III, respectively, may form stars. The LABOCA survey reveals that Cha III, and Cha I to some extent too, is a prime target to study the formation of prestellar cores, and thus the onset of star formation. (abridged).
Regulation, Institutions, and Productivity: New Macroeconomic Evidence from OECD Countries

Empirical research on the drivers of multi-factor productivity (MFP) is abundant at the firm- and industry level but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the determinants of MFP at the macroeconomic level. In this paper, we seek to understand the drivers of country-level MFP with a special emphasis on product and labour market policies and the quality of institutions. For a panel of OECD countries, we find that anticompetitive product market regulations are associated with lower MFP levels and that higher innovation intensity and greater openness go in tandem with higher MFP. We also find that the impact of product market regulations on MFP may depend on the level of labour market regulations. Better institutions, a more business friendly environment and lower barriers to trade and investment amplify the positive impact of R&D spending on MFP. Finally, we also show that cross-country MFP variations can be explained to a considerable extent by cross-country variation in labour market regulations, barriers to trade and investment and institutions (including corruption).
HOMOLOGY IN A BRAIDED TENSOR CATEGORY

An /--algebra is an algebra A over k equipped with a Yang-Baxter operator R: A ® A —> A ® A such that R(\ ® a) = a ® 1 , R{a ® 1) = 1 ® a , and the quasitriangularity conditions R(m ® /) = (/ ® m){R ® /)(/ ® R) and R(I® m) = (m® /)(/® Ä)(Ä® /) hold, where m: A®A -> A is the multiplication map and / : A —» A is the identity. Ä-algebras arise naturally as algebra objects in a braided tensor category of fc-modules (e.g., the category of representations of a quantum group). If m = mR2 , then A is both a left and right module over the braided tensor product Ae = A§A0v , where Aop is simply A equipped with the "opposite" multiplication map wop = mR. Moreover, there is an explicit chain complex computing the braided Hochschild homology HR(A) = To^'^A, A). When m = mR and R2 = id^®^ , this chain complex admits a generalized shuffle product, and there is a homomorphism from the r-commutative differential forms Qr(A) to HR(A).
WP 4 : Radio Resource Management for mm-wave Overlay HetNets D 4 . 1 : System Level Simulator Specification

This report provides specification of the system level simulator developed in the Work Package 4.1 “Radio Resource Management for mm-wave Overlay HetNets” for systematic evaluation of mmwave Overlay HetNets. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the developed system architecture, which includes the interfaces with link level simulator. Details on link level simulator of the access link between the base station and mobile terminal are presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 describes parameters employed in the system level simulator. Evaluation methods and factors showing the impact of the proposed mm-wave Overlay HetNets are presented in Chapter 4. Preliminary systematic evaluation results are summarized in Chapter 5.
Road noise causes earlier predator detection and flight response in a free-ranging mammal

Increasing scientific evidence shows that anthropogenic noise can impact behavioral, demographic, and community-level processes across a range of taxa—presenting a serious conservation challenge. Given the direct link between antipredator behavior and fitness, it is important to explore the impacts of noise on vigilance and flight. To do this, we conducted playback experiments to test whether noise distracts wild black-tailed prairie dogs from attending to an approaching predator or whether increased noise exposure led to heightened vigilance and responsiveness. Contrary to the "distracted prey hypothesis," prairie dogs responded at greater distances to the approaching human "predator" and took flight more rapidly in noise than during the quieter control. Greater vigilance is likely to be a function of increased perceived threat as opposed to distraction, enabling the prairie dogs to evade predators sooner. However, there are energetic and potential fitness costs associated with heightened vigilance and flight, including the loss of foraging opportunities. Interestingly, the reactiveness of the prairie dogs to the approaching observer increased over the course of the study, but there was no apparent change in their responses to other humans using the natural area. This may reflect their impressive cognitive abilities that enable discrimination between different predators—even human observers. Our findings emphasize that the complex biological responses to anthropogenic noise are dependent on the biology of the species as well as the acoustic characteristics of the noise source.
Do I Have to Teach Math? Early Childhood Pre-Service Teachers' Fears of Teaching Mathematics.

Eighty-nine early childhood pre-service teachers were asked to identify their specific fears towards mathematics and explain why they had those specific fears. The results showed that they possess a wide variety of fears towards mathematics including having a lack of confidence in their teaching ability, a lack of teaching methods, an inability to engage their students, and a lack of mathematical content knowledge. Their explanations as to why these fears exist were very closely related to what they feared and included responses related to teaching the content as well as having a lack of content knowledge. Implications on teacher education programs are also discussed.
Selective inhibition of hemeoxygenase-1 as a novel therapeutic target for anticancer treatment

Effective and safe anticancer treatment remains a challenge to the scientific community. Major disadvantage inherent to current anticancer strategies is their lack of targeting tumour cells, or tissues resulting in sever dose limiting toxicity. Researches in the field of anticancer drug delivery are currently exploring the potentials of nanotechnology to realize the “magic bullet” professed by Paul Ehrlich at the turn of the 20th century. Heme oxygenas-1 (HO-1) is over expressed as a survival factor in tumour tissues to withstand adverse tumour micro environmental factors such as hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, and significant acidity. Inhibition of HO-1 activity thus can be a viable anticancer strategy. However HO-1 is essential for multiple physiological and adaptive responses in normal tissues of different organ systems. Utilizing nanotechnology advancement to selectively inhibit HO-1 activity in tumour tissue is being currently explored as a novel strategy for effective anticancer management. In this review we discuss the function of HO-1 in physiological conditions, its role in cancer progression and the potential therapeutic implication for selective inhibition of HO-1 in tumour tissues. Citation: Yadav B, Greish K (2011) Selective inhibition of hemeoxygenase-1 as a novel therapeutic target for anticancer treatment. J Nanomedic Nanotechnol S4:005. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.S4-005
Cosmic ray fluxes and the role of sub-dominant source populations to the positron excess

Interactions of cosmic-ray nuclei is the most well-understood contribution to the observed positron flux on Earth. Various scenarios have been proposed, including sources in the spiral arms of the galaxies and nearby isolated sources, which can contribute to the measured flux. In our work we focus on sources such as the gamma-ray novae which can contribute to the observed positron flux, although sub-dominant to the supernova remnants or pulsar-wind nebulae overall, but crucial in the 10s of GeV energy range.
Base Stock Policies with Degraded Service to Larger Orders

We study an inventory system controlled by a base stock policy assuming a compound renewal demand process. We extend the base stock policy by incorporating rules for degrading the service of larger orders. Two specific rules are considered, denoted as Postpone(q,t) and Split(q), respectively. The parameter q distinguishes between regular orders (of size less than or equal to q) and larger orders. We develop mathematical expressions for the performance measures: order fill rate of the regular orders and average on-hand inventory level. We make numerical experiments where the postpone parameter t and the base stock levels of each rule are such that all customers (of both order types) are indifferent between the two rules. When comparing the difference in the average on-hand inventory levels, we can then make an assessment of the threshold value of the cost of splitting an order (which may otherwise be hard to quantify) in the rule Split(q). Our numerical results indicate that this threshold value is increasing in the variance of the order sizes. Based on the numerical experiment our conclusion is therefore that when the variance of the order sizes is low, then Postpone(q,t) seems to be a good option, while when the variance is high, then Split(q) is more competitive.
The effects of different verbal route instructions on spatial orientation

Providing cognitively effective wayfinding instructions is an ongoing research agenda. In addition to providing instructions that are easy to follow, work has started to address instructions that can potentially facilitate spatial orientation and cognitive mapping. In this study, we use a type of verbal instructions that consists of not only landmarks at decision points but also additional landmarks along a route or in distance that are considered crucial for maintaining spatial orientation. The orientation-based route instructions are compared with machinegenerated as well as skeletal instructions. Eleven participants were randomly assigned to use one of these three types of instructions to mentally walk a route that they are unfamiliar with and then performed a set of tasks. Preliminary results show that participants using the orientation instructions made fewest errors in their performance of direction estimation. Results from their drawn sketch maps also show more accuracy in global and local orientation. This type of instructions, not surprisingly, does not contribute to accurate estimation of distance. The machine-generated instructions which include distance information, however, are not found contributing to the best estimation of distance. This study supports the potentials of designing wayfinding instructions to facilitate spatial cognition. It also calls the necessity for more comprehensive studies on the effects of instructions on various aspects of wayfinding behaviors, as well as on the automatic generation of orientation-based instructions.
Predicting Software Faults in Large Space Systems using Machine Learning Techniques

Recently, the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms has proven to be of great practical value in solving a variety of engineering problems including the prediction of failure, fault, and defect-proneness as the space system software becomes complex. One of the most active areas of recent research in ML has been the use of ensemble
Title : How to Morph Planar Graph Drawings

Given an n-vertex graph and two straight-line planar drawings of the graph that have the same faces and the same outer face, we show that there is a morph (i.e., a continuous transformation) between the two drawings that preserves straight-line planarity and consists of O(n) steps, which we prove is optimal in the worst case. Each step is a unidirectional linear morph, which means that every vertex moves at constant speed along a straight line, and the lines are parallel although the vertex speeds may differ. Thus we provide an efficient version of Cairns’ 1944 proof of the existence of straight-line planarity-preserving morphs for triangulated graphs, which required an exponential number of steps.
Pointwise dimension, entropy and Lyapunov exponents for C1 maps

Let f be a C1 self-map on a smooth Riemannian manifold M , μ be an f -invariant ergodic Borel probability measure with a compact support Λ and χμ > · · · > χμ be the Lyapunov exponents of μ with respect to f . If χμ > 0, then we give a lower bound of the lower pointwise dimension of μ in terms of χμ and of the entropy hμ(f). Moreover, if Df{·} is non-degenerate on Λ and χμ > 0, then we give an upper bound of the upper pointwise dimension of μ in terms of χμ and of the entropy hμ(f). Furthermore, if f is C 1+α for some α > 0, then the non-degeneracy condition can be removed. As direct applications of the above results, we also give the corresponding lower and upper bounds of some classical characteristics of dimensional type of μ in terms of the Lyapunov exponents and of the entropy hμ(f).
Shared Generative Representation of Auditory Concepts and EEG to Reconstruct Perceived and Imagined Music

Retrieving music information from brain activity is a challenging and still largely unexplored research problem. In this paper we investigate the possibility to reconstruct perceived and imagined musical stimuli from electroencephalography (EEG) recordings based on two datasets. One dataset contains multi-channel EEG of subjects listening to and imagining rhythmical patterns presented both as sine wave tones and short looped spoken utterances. These utterances leverage the well-known speech-to-song illusory transformation which results in very catchy and easy to reproduce motifs. A second dataset provides EEG recordings for the perception of 10 full length songs. Using a multi-view deep generative model we demonstrate the feasibility of learning a shared latent representation of brain activity and auditory concepts, such as rhythmical motifs appearing across different instrumentations. Introspection of the model trained on the rhythm dataset reveals disentangled rhythmical and timbral features within and across subjects. The model allows continuous interpolation between representations of different observed variants of the presented stimuli. By decoding the learned embeddings we were able to reconstruct both perceived and imagined music. Stimulus complexity and the choice of training data shows strong effect on the reconstruction quality.
Subregional heterogeneity of somatosensory dysfunction in the insula

Somatosensory functions are subdivided into two large groups: the elementary somatosensory functions, which consist of light touch, pain, thermal sensation, joint position sense and vibration sense, and the intermediate somatosensory functions, which include two-point discrimination, tactile localisation, weight, texture and shape perception. It is generally accepted that the functional localisation of somatosensory function is the postcentral gyrus, but some researchers suggested that the insula is also involved in somatosensory function.1 Insula is a multimodal area and has a major role as a convergence zone implicated in the coordination between internal and external information through emotional subjective awareness. However, the subregional specificity of somatosensory functions in the insula has not been fully elucidated.2 We experienced three cases of stroke restricted exactly to the subregions of the insula which showed heterogeneous somatosensory dysfunction. For these patients, we performed a close examination of the intermediate somatosensory function, and discussed the relation between the insula and intermediate somatosensory function. ### Patient 1 An 81-year-old, right-handed woman who had difficulty speaking in February 2017 was transferred to our hospital. MRI revealed a lesion in the right middle insula (figure 1A). The symptom improved at the time of hospital arrival and she underwent the best medical treatment. The symptom disappeared on the next day. Intelligence and elementary somatosensory functions were normal. The results of the intermediate somatosensory examinations showed that two-point discrimination, tactile localisation and graphesthesia were significantly impaired. Figure 1 MRI findings of the cases presented. (A) Patient 1 had a cortical lesion in the right middle insula. (B) Patient 2 had a cortical lesion in the …