Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol marketing on the internet: new challenges for harm reduction.

While much has been made of the problems of regulating alcohol and other drug promotion in the traditional media of print, radio and newspapers, the ‘new media’ and in particular the world wide web, provides new fertile ground for alcohol advertisers. In this Harm Reduction Digest Tom Carroll and Rob Donovan apply the voluntary standards of the Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code to six websites for alcohol products available in Australia. They conclude that the internet provides an opportunity for alcohol marketing targeted at underage consumers, that some alcohol-related web pages would be in breach of the Code if it applied to the internet, and suggest that web marketing practices of alcohol beverage companies should be monitored and a code of practice developed to regulate alcohol promotion on the web.
Origin of sound‐evoked EMG responses in human masseter muscles

Sound is a natural stimulus for both cochlear and saccular receptors. At high intensities it evokes in active masseter muscles of healthy subjects two overlapping reflexes: p11/n15 and p16/n21 waves, whose origin has not yet been demonstrated. Our purpose was to test which receptor in the inner ear is responsible for these reflexes. We compared masseter EMG responses induced in normal subjects (n= 9) by loud clicks (70–100 dB normal hearing level (NHL), 0.1 ms, 3 Hz) to those evoked in subjects with a selective lesion of the cochlea (n= 5), of the vestibule (n= 1) or with mixed cochlear‐vestibular failure (n= 5). In controls, 100 dB clicks induced bilaterally, in the unrectified mean EMG (unrEMG), a clear p11 wave followed by a less clear n15 wave and a subsequent n21 wave. Lowering the intensity to 70 dB clicks abolished the p11/n15 wave, while a p16 wave appeared. Rectified mean EMG (rectEMG) showed, at all intensities, an inhibitory deflection corresponding to the p16/n21 wave in the unrEMG. Compared to controls, all deaf subjects had a normal p11 wave, together with more prominent n15 wave; however, the p16/n21 waves, and their corresponding inhibition in the rectEMG, were absent. The vestibular patient had bilaterally clear p11 waves only when 100 dB clicks were delivered bilaterally or to the unaffected ear. Stimulation of the affected ear induced only p16/n21 waves. Data from mixed patients were consistent with those of deaf and vestibular patients. We conclude that click‐induced masseter p11/n15 waves are vestibular dependent, while p16/n21 waves depend on cochlear integrity.
Polarization-agile millimeter-wave antenna arrays

A novel technique to design the dual-linear polarization (DLP) antenna array and dual-circular polarization (DCP) antenna array is introduced. Novel 3-D interconnects are proposed and later used in the implementation of both antenna arrays. The DLP array is construed by using eight anti-podal linearly tapered slot antennas (ALTSA) and experimentally validated at 35 GHz. Measured gain is of 18 dBi for each polarization state. A novel SIW-fed dielectric rod antenna is proposed and used to implement the DCP antenna array. Measured 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth for single circular polarization element is from 58 GHz to 64 GHz. The 2×2 DCP array makes use of four of such CP elements and contributes to the total gain of 17 dBi. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement. These proposed arrays can find numerous applications, namely in imaging systems and wireless satellite communications.
Osteomyelitis: antigranulocyte scintigraphy with 99mTC radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis-- meta-analysis.

PURPOSE To perform a meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of antigranulocyte scintigraphy with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis across different patient groups and clinical settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE searches were conducted. Data on the diagnostic performance of antigranulocyte scintigraphy with MoAbs were combined. Weighted sensitivities and specificities were estimated by using a random-effects model that incorporated between-study heterogeneity and by constructing summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The weighted positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) across studies were estimated. Data syntheses were performed for all patients and for various subgroups. The reference standard used in each individual study was accepted. RESULTS Nineteen nonoverlapping studies with a total of 714 examinations and reference standards of cell culture, histologic examination, clinical follow-up, and radiologic examination were eligible. The independent random-effects summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70%, 88%) and 77% (95% CI: 66%, 86%), respectively, with statistically significant between-study heterogeneity (exact P < .001 for both metrics). In the summary ROC curve, a sensitivity of 81% corresponded to a specificity of 86%, and a specificity of 77% corresponded to a sensitivity of 87%. The weighted positive LR was 3.02 (95% CI: 2.07, 4.42), and the weighted negative LR was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.39), with statistically significant between-study heterogeneity (exact P < .001 for both metrics). Sensitivity was better for peripheral than for axial skeleton lesions (87% vs 53%). CONCLUSION Antigranulocyte scintigraphy with MoAbs has a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 77% in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis.
Canada's national vital statistics index

Abstract Study of population trends and social change in Canada will be facilitated through the development of a system of record linkage which has recently been introduced. It provides a means whereby all the vital records about particular individuals may be brought together through a single master index. The social usefulness of this instrument is only now beginning to be realized.
APOA5 variants and metabolic syndrome in Caucasianss⃞s⃞ The online version of this article (available at http://www.jlr.org) contains supplementary data in the form of three tables, one figure. Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 3, 2007.

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene variants were reported to be associated with two components of metabolic syndrome (MetS): higher TG levels and lower HDL levels. Moreover, a recent Japanese case-control study found variant −1131T>C associated with MetS itself. Thus, our study systematically analyzed the APOA5 gene for association with lipid parameters, any other features of MetS, including waist circumference, glucose-related parameters, blood pressure, uric acid, and MetS itself in Caucasians. Ten polymorphisms were analyzed in a large fasting sample of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) survey S4 (n = 1,354; southern Germany) and in a second fasting sample, the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR) study (n = 1,770; Austria). Minor alleles of variants −1131T>C, −3A>G, c.56C>G, 476G>A, and 1259T>C were significantly associated with higher TG levels in single polymorphism (P < 0.001) and haplotype (P ⩽ 6.6 × 10−6) analysis. Besides associations with lower HDL levels in SAPHIR (P ⩽ 0.001), there were no significant findings with any other features of MetS. Variant c.56C>G was associated with higher risk for MetS [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.43 (1.04, 1.99), P = 0.03 for KORA and 1.48 (1.10, 1.99), P = 0.009 for SAPHIR). Our study confirms the association of the APOA5 locus with TG and HDL levels in humans. Furthermore, the data suggest a different mechanism of APOA5 impact on MetS in Caucasians, as variant c.56C>G (not analyzed in the Japanese study) and not −1131T>C, as in the Japanese subjects, was associated with MetS.
Evidence for a schizophrenia vulnerability locus on chromosome 8p in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families.

OBJECTIVE This study was an attempt to replicate evidence for a vulnerability locus for schizophrenia and associated disorders in the 8p22-21 region reported by Pulver and colleagues. METHOD The linkage sample of the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families consists of 265 multiplex families containing 1,408 individuals. Fifteen markers covering 30 centimorgans on chromosome 8p were tested. Three statistical methods were used: two-point and multipoint heterogeneity lod scores and a multipoint nonparametric test. RESULTS According to two-point heterogeneity lod scores, the strongest evidence for linkage was found for markers D8S1731 (maximum lod score = 2.00), D8S1715 (maximum lod score = 2.52), and D8S133 (maximum lod score = 2.08) by assuming a phenotypic definition of all psychiatric illness and a range of genetic models. According to multipoint heterogeneity lod scores, the strongest evidence for linkage (maximum lod score = 2.34), found by using a dominant genetic model and a broad definition of the schizophrenia spectrum, extended over a 10-cM region between markers D8S1715 and D8S1739. Multipoint nonparametric linkage found the strongest evidence (maximum z = 2.51) over a broader region when either a diagnosis of core schizophrenia or a narrow definition of the schizophrenia spectrum was used. This putative vulnerability locus was segregating in 10%-25% of the families studied. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the existence of a vulnerability locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 8p. In this sample, this locus appears to influence the risk of illness in only a modest proportion of families and predisposes to a range of schizophrenia spectrum and possibly nonspectrum disorders.
Low serum citrulline concentration correlates with catheter-related bloodstream infections in children with intestinal failure.

BACKGROUND Serum citrulline concentration is used as a biomarker of enterocyte mass and enteral tolerance, and low serum concentrations are correlated with bacteremia in immunosuppressed adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The authors sought to determine if citrulline was associated with the development of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in children with intestinal failure. METHODS Data were reviewed from 66 children treated in a multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation program, who had serum concentration citrulline measured between January 2007 and August 2009. All patients had a diagnosis of intestinal failure requiring parenteral nutrition (PN) support. Exclusion criteria included central venous catheter in situ <30 days, creatinine clearance <20 mL/minute, or a history of organ transplant/immunosuppression. RESULTS A total of 15 patients were excluded because of the above criteria. In this cohort of 51 patients, 26 (51%) developed CRBSIs. Both groups were similar in terms of gestational age, diagnosis, nutrition status, and biochemical liver function tests. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) minimum serum citrulline concentration was significantly lower in patients who developed CRBSIs (6.7 ± 4.6 µmol/L) than in those who did not (11.3 ± 6.4 µmol/L, P = .004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified lower minimum serum citrulline concentration and longer central venous catheter duration as independently associated with CRBSI (P = .003 and P = .038, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Low serum citrulline concentration and longer central venous catheter time are independently associated with CRBSI in children with intestinal failure. Serum citrulline concentration may be a useful biomarker to identify patients with intestinal failure who are at high risk of developing a CRBSI.
Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes containing human LINE‐1 protein and RNA.

P40 is the protein encoded by the first open reading frame (ORF1) of the human LINE‐1 (L1Hs) retrotransposon; it is 338 amino acids long, has a leucine zipper motif and has been found in human teratocarcinoma cell lines and some tumor cells. In this report, we describe properties of p40 in the human teratocarcinoma cell lines NTera2D1 and 2102Ep. The results indicate that: (i) most of p40 occurs in large multimeric cytoplasmic complexes, (ii) L1Hs RNA is associated with the p40 complexes, (iii) the complexes are dissociated by ribonuclease and (iv) p40 is a novel RNA‐binding protein. Cross‐linking experiments with full‐length and truncated p40 produced in Escherichia coli also showed that: (i) p40 itself can form a multimeric complex larger than 250 kDa, (ii) the leucine zipper motif and the region conserved among the predicted ORF1 polypeptides of mammalian LINE‐1s participate in complex formation and (iii) the amino terminal region is important for the stability of complex formation. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of p40 suggests that long segments of the molecule can assume an alpha‐helical configuration including the leucine zipper and the conserved region. The evidence presented here suggests that the p40 complex is a ribonucleoprotein complex containing L1Hs RNA(s) and that protein‐protein interactions in which alpha‐helix structures participate, for example coiled‐coils, may occur in the complex.
VITAMIN D IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: Beyond Minerals and Parathyroid Hormone: Role of Active Vitamin D in End‐Stage Renal Disease

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a common complication of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) that is often treated with activated forms of intravenous vitamin D. The natural course and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients is punctuated by episodes of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased calcium‐phosphate product, which in previous studies were linked to increased mortality. Historically these episodes have been attributed to vitamin D, leading some authorities to favor decreased vitamin D use. However, the studies that examined the impact of mineral levels and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on survival did not consistently account for vitamin D therapy itself on hemodialysis patient survival. The current review examines in detail two recent large‐scale studies of hemodialysis patients: one that demonstrated a survival advantage of paricalcitol over calcitriol and a second that demonstrated a significant survival advantage of any intravenous vitamin D formulation versus none. In both studies, the effects were independent of mineral and PTH levels, suggesting “nontraditional” actions of vitamin D contributed to the observed survival advantage. Several of these nontraditional actions are reviewed with an emphasis on those that might impact hemodialysis outcomes.
To Cut or Stretch?

Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) offers an alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), which preserves the barrier function of the biliary sphincter. However, reports of increased complications, especially pancreatitis, have stalled the widespread adoption of this technique. A metaanalysis of randomized trials of EPBD versus EST found similar overall complication rates (10.5%vs 10.3%). However, while postprocedure bleeding was reduced with EPBD compared to EST (0%vs 2.0%), the rate of postprocedure pancreatitis was higher (7.4%vs 4.3%). In addition, 20% of EPBD cases required “rescue” EST. EPBD should probably be reserved for special indications, such as uncorrected or anticipated coagulopathy, and unfavorable endoscopic anatomy for EST.
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels Influence the Outcome of Arabinosylcytosine Chemotherapy in L1210 Leukemic Mice

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in combination with arabinosylcytosine (AraC) chemotherapy could prolong the life expectancy of mice bearing L1210 leukemia. The four control diets included rodent chow, a diet containing 5% of a blended oil mimicking the fatty acid composition of rodent chow, and diets containing 5% or 10% fat with safflower oil as the main oil source. The two DHA-supplemented diets provided 1.5% or 3.5% DHA and 5% or 10% total fat, respectively. After tumor cell inoculation, mice were treated with AraC for 10 days. Mice fed the 5% safflower oil diet (30.1 ± 4.1 days), but not those fed the 10% safflower oil diet, survived longer than the chow-fed animals (22.1 ± 3.1 days, P = 0.05). The 1.5% DHA diet (average intake 1.8 g DHA/kg/day) was associated with a longer life span (33.3 ± 3.4 days, P < 0.01 vs. chow-fed) and no incidence of death due to drug toxicity. Further increasing DHA intake (4.5 g DHA/kg/day) resulted in shortened survival time (26.5 ± 2.0 days), increased circulating tumor cell burden, and lowered red blood cell concentrations. These data suggest that a modest level of dietary DHA or linoleic acid supplementation may improve the antineoplastic efficacy of AraC. However, overconsumption of DHA reverses the beneficial effect of DHA intake on drug sensitivity.
miR-216 a may inhibit pancreatic tumor growth by targeting JAK 2

http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.febslet. 2015.06. 036 0014-5793/ 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Abbreviations: 30-UTR, 30-untranslated region; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; IL-10, interleukin-10; miRNA, microRNA; NC, negative control; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PDT, photodynamic therapy; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TBS, Tris buffered saline Author contributions: Bao-hua Hou: guarantor of integrity of the entire study, study concepts, study design; Zhi-xiang Jian: definition of intellectual content; Peng Cui: literature research, manuscript preparation; Shao-jie Li: clinical studies, statistical analysis; Rui-qing Tian: manuscript editing; Jin-rui Ou: manuscript review. ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, PR China. Fax: +86 20 83827712. E-mail address: oujinrui@aliyun.com (J.-r. Ou). Bao-hua Hou, Zhi-xiang Jian, Peng Cui, Shao-jie Li, Rui-qing Tian, Jin-rui Ou ⇑
A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Tensor-Mass Visual Model for Surgery Simulation

The linear elastic models of soft tissue are widely used in virtual-reality-based surgery simulation due to their computational efficiency; however, it is well known that these models are only a coarse approximation of the real biological soft tissue. To achieve realistic simulation, the deformable model should incorporate many other tissue properties such as nonlinearity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity. Among these properties, viscoelasticity is a very important one, and it directly determines the behaviors of the tissue when it is cut, deformed, or torn. In this paper, we proposed to incorporate the property of viscoelasticity into the visual model of soft tissue. One significant advantage of the developed model is its fast computation. Experiments show that the incorporation of nonlinear viscoelasticity makes the simulated tissue look much more realistic than other models, whereas the computation time is increased by only approximately 5% compared with models without the consideration of viscoelasticity.
Inverse carbon isotope patterns of lipids and kerogen record heterogeneous primary biomass

Throughout the Proterozoic δ13C values for preserved n‐alkyl lipids are more positive than for syngenetic kerogen. This pattern is the inverse of biosynthetic expectations. It has been suggested that this isotopic inversion results from selective preservation of lipids from 13C‐enriched heterotrophic populations, while the bulk of kerogen derives from primary producers. Here, we formulate a degradation model to calculate the 13C content of sedimentary total organic carbon and lipid. The model addresses two scenarios. The first scenario explores preferential preservation of heterotrophic lipid, thereby quantifying the existing hypothesis. In the second, we suggest that an inverse signature could be the result of prokaryotic phytoplankton contributing the majority of the total ecosystem biomass. Photosynthetic prokaryotes bearing a relative 13C enrichment would contribute much of the resulting preserved lipids, while primary eukaryotic biomass would dominate the total organic carbon. We find that our hypothesis of a mixed primary producer community generates inverse isotopic patterns while placing far fewer requirements on specific degradation conditions. It also provides a possible explanation as to why there are large variations in the 13C content of the isoprenoid lipids pristane and phytane relative to n‐alkyl lipid, while the difference between n‐alkyl lipid and kerogen is more constant. Our results suggest that the disappearance of the inverse 13C signature in the late Ediacaran is a natural consequence of the fundamental shift to oceans in which export production has a higher ratio of eukaryotic biomass.
Viral Induction of the Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Is IRF3-dependent but NF-κB-independent*

The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is an interferon-stimulated gene that restricts the replication of retroviruses, alphaviruses, and filoviruses. Relatively little is known, however, regarding the detailed mechanism of ZAP induction during viral infections. We show that, although being inducible by either interferon or virus, expression of ZAP is more efficiently activated by virus than are several other classical interferon-stimulated genes and that viral induction of ZAP occurs under the direct control of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) independent of interferon paracrine/autocrine signaling. ZAP was up-regulated in cells unresponsive to type I and III interferons upon engagement of TLR3, retinoic inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 pathways, or ectopic expression of a constitutively active IRF3 mutant. Conversely, induction of ZAP by virus or dsRNA was severely impaired in cells expressing a dominant-negative mutant IRF3 and completely abrogated in cells lacking IRF3. In contrast to IRF3, ZAP induction was independent of NF-κB activity. Mutational analysis of the human ZAP promoter revealed that multiple interferon-stimulated response elements far distal to the transcription start site serve redundantly to control IRF3-dependent induction of ZAP transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that IRF3 selectively binds the distal interferon-stimulated response elements in human ZAP promoter following viral infection. Collectively, these data suggest that ZAP is a direct target gene of IRF3 action in cellular antiviral responses.