Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological properties of (N-dicyclopropylmethyl) amino-2-oxazoline (S 3341), an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist.

Pharmacological actions of (N-dicyclopropylmethyl)-amino-2-oxazoline (S 3341), an agonist of alpha-2 adrenoceptors, were examined in acute animal studies. In the normotensive anaesthetized dog S 3341 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) produced an initial transient increase followed by a marked, prolonged fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20 mmHg. Central actions of S 3341 were demonstrated by administration of low doses into the vertebral artery of the anaesthetized dog. A rapid and marked fall in MAP resulted which was antagonised by piperoxan. Splanchnic discharges were strongly decreased following S 3341 i.v. administration, suggesting a centrally mediated diminution of sympathetic tone. Peripheral actions of S 3341 were observed in the pithed rat where a dose-dependent increase in MAP was noted which was somewhat antagonised by prazosin and largely by prazosin plus yohimbine. S 3341 reduced hypertension and tachycardia due to stimulation of the sympathetic outflow in the pithed rat, an effect also antagonised by piperoxan. These effects were more marked and prolonged than those of clonidine. S 3341 reduced the tachycardia resulting from stimulation of the cardioaccelerator nerve in the anaesthetized, spinalised and bilateraly vagotomised dog, this effect was reversed by piperoxan. S 3341 did no change the tachycardia induced by noradrenaline or tyramine. Plasma renin activity was significantly decreased after S 3341 treatment in dogs on low normal or high sodium diets. In rats S 3341 decreased the rate of discharge of noradrenergic cells located in the locus coeruleus which are believed to be involved in wake/sleep mechanisms. This depression was 63 times less than that of clonidine. At effective hypotensive doses S 3341 produced no sedation (i.e. loss of righting reflex) in 2 day old chicks. In addition the sedative action of clonidine was inhibited by S 3341 pretreatment. In the mouse tail flick model, the antinociceptive effects of S 3341 were 45 times less than those of clonidine. S 3341, an oxazoline derivative, appears to have haemodynamic effects similar to those of other agonists of central alpha-2 adrenoceptors but with fewer side-effects, and therefore could be of interest an as antihypertensive agent.
Comparison of met‐enkephalin, dynorphin a, and neurotensin immunoreactive neurons in the cat and rat spinal cords: II. Segmental differences in the marginal zone

This study examined the number of met‐enkephalin, dynorphin A 1–8, and neurotensin immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the marginal zone (lamina I) at one thoracic (T8:cat,T9:rat), one midlumbar (L5:cat,L4:rat), and one lower lumbar or sacral (S1:cat,L6:rat) spinal cord segment in the cat and rat. Marginal zone IR neurons ranged 10–70 μm in diameter in cats and 10–50 μm in rats and were flattened, pyramidal, fusiform, or polygonal in morphology. Immunoreactive neurons for each peptide in both species were found in the marginal zone at all spinal levels, but with a differential segmental distribution. The average number of IR neurons per 50‐:μm section generally was lowest in thoracic cord and greatest in lower lumbar/sacral cord for all peptides. For enkephalin and dynorphin, the estimated total number of IR neurons per segment and number of IR neurons per volume (mm3) generally were lowest in the midlumbar segments and highest in the thoracic and lower lumbar/sacral cord. For neurotensin, the estimated total number of neurons per segment remained lowest in the thoracic and largest in the lower lumbar/sacral cord. The number of neurotensin IR neurons per volume was equal in the thoracic and midlumbar cord, but remained highest at lower lumbar/sacral levels. The IR neurons quantified in this study may be interneurons or may serve as supraspinal projection neurons. The large number of IR neurons observed in segments receiving a relatively large visceral afferent input suggests that some of these neurons may be involved in visceral sensory processing. In addition, the segmental distribution of the IR neurons indicates that physiological and pharmacological studies on the effects of opioid and/or neurotensin peptides should be interpreted in light of the spinal segment(s) investigated.
Comparação do desempenho de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (MLG) e Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (MAG) na predição de dados ﬁnanceiros em credit score

This study aimed to present and compare the performance of two different methodologies for statistical modeling of financial data with dichotomous response, specifically exemplified by models of credit score as well as methodologies for validation and performance analysis of these models. One of the measures used in this analysis is the lift, often used in marketing, but little used in the financial area, this measure is also used as a descriptive technique for categorizing variables. The techniques presented here are the Generalized Linear Models (GLM), the most usual method, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM), unusual in finance because it is a semi-parametric or nonparametric model, generating even some difficulty in interpretation because it does not present parameters. The predictive capabilities of the two techniques are compared in an application on real data and in a simulation study.
SU9518 inhibits proliferative vitreoretinopathy in fibroblast and genetically modified Müller cell-induced rabbit models.

PURPOSE Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complication of retinal detachment that can lead to surgical failure and vision loss. Previous studies suggest that a variety of retinal cells, including RPE and Müller glia, may be responsible. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis, and found to be intrinsic to the development of PVR in rabbit models. We examine whether SU9518, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with PDGFRα specificity, can inhibit the development of PVR in fibroblast and Müller cell rabbit models of PVR. METHODS SU9518 was injected in rabbit eyes along with fibroblasts, Müller cells (MIO-M1), or Müller cells transfected to increase their expression of PDGFRα (MIO-M1α). Indirect ophthalmoscopy and histopathology were used to assess efficacy and toxicity. RESULTS SU9518 was an effective inhibitor of PVR in both fibroblast and Müller cell models of PVR. No toxic effects were identified by indirect ophthalmoscopy or histopathology. CONCLUSIONS SU9518 is an effective and safe inhibitor of PVR in rabbit models, and could potentially be used in humans for the treatment of this and other proliferative diseases of the retina involving fibrosis and gliosis. Further animal studies need to be performed to examine retinal toxicity and sustained delivery mechanisms.
Species-Specific Identification of Campylobacters by Partial 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

ABSTRACT Species-specific identification of campylobacters is problematic, primarily due to the absence of suitable biochemical assays and the existence of atypical strains. 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA)-based identification of bacteria offers a possible alternative when phenotypic tests fail. Therefore, we evaluated the reliability of 16S rDNA sequencing for the species-specific identification of campylobacters. Sequence analyses were performed by using almost 94% of the complete 16S rRNA genes of 135 phenotypically characterized Campylobacter strains, including all known taxa of this genus. It was shown that 16S rDNA analysis enables specific identification of most Campylobacter species. The exception was a lack of discrimination among the taxa Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli and atypical C. lari strains, which shared identical or nearly identical 16S rDNA sequences. Subsequently, it was investigated whether partial 16S rDNA sequences are sufficient to determine species identity. Sequence alignments led to the identification of four 16S rDNA regions with high degrees of interspecies variation but with highly conserved sequence patterns within the respective species. A simple protocol based on the analysis of these sequence patterns was developed, which enabled the unambiguous identification of the majority of Campylobacter species. We recommend 16S rDNA sequence analysis as an effective, rapid procedure for the specific identification of campylobacters.
The Pharmacokinetics of Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA)

The present studies were conducted to compare the dermal absorption, plasma pharmacokinetics, and excretion of phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) by pregnant and nonpregnant rats, rabbits, and humans. The PEA is a natural fragrance material that is widely used in perfumes, soaps, and lotions and is a major ingredient of natural rose oil. Following dermal (430, 700, or 1400 mg/kg body weight [bw]), gavage (430 mg/kg bw), or dietary (430 mg/kg bw) administration of PEA to rats, plasma concentrations of PEA were found to be low regardless of the route of administration. The plasma concentrations of phenylacetic acid (PAA, the major metabolite of PEA) greatly exceeded the concentrations of PEA and were highest after gavage, followed by dermal then dietary administration. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion were compared following topical application of 14C-labeled PEA to rats, rabbits, and humans (specific activities of dosing solutions: 58-580, 164, and 50 µCi/mL, respectively). In rabbits, the plasma concentration–time profile for PAA was markedly prolonged compared to rats or humans. In humans, only 7.6% of the applied dose of PEA was absorbed, versus 77% in rats and 50% in rabbits. Based on a human dermal systemic exposure of 0.3 mg/kg per day from the use of multiple consumer personal care products containing PEA, a rat dermal no observed adverse effect level of 70 mg/kg per day, and the percentage of dose absorbed in humans, the margin of safety exceeds 2600 concluding that, under normal fragrance use conditions, PEA is not a developmental toxicity hazard for humans.
High‐Polarity Mycobacterium avium‐Derived Lipids Interact with Murine Macrophage Lipid Rafts

Cholesterol‐ and sphingolipid‐rich membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) are widely recognized as portals for pathogenic micro‐organisms. A growing body of evidence demonstrates mobilization of host plasma cell membrane lipid rafts towards the site of contact with several pathogens as well as a strict dependence on cholesterol for appropriate internalization. The fate of lipid rafts once the pathogen has been internalized and the nature of the pathogen components that interact with them is however less understood. To address both these issues, infection of the J774 murine cell line with Mycobacterium avium was used as a model. After demonstrating that M. avium induces lipid raft mobilization and that M. avium infects J774 by a cholesterol‐dependent mechanism, it is shown here that mycobacterial phagosomes harbour lipid rafts, which are, at least in part, of plasma cell membrane origin. On the other hand, by using latex microbeads coated with any of the three fractions of M. avium‐derived lipids of different polarity, we provide evidence that high‐polarity, in contrast to low‐polarity and intermediate‐polarity, mycobacterial lipids or uncoated latex beads have a strong capacity to induce lipid raft mobilization. These results suggest that high‐polarity mycobacterial lipid(s) interact with host cell cholesterol‐enriched microdomains which may in turn influence the course of infection.
Spam detection framework for Android Twitter application using Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers

Twitter currently is one of the leading social networks worldwide based on the amount of monthly active users after Facebook and Instagram. People uses Twitter mostly to find out more information about breaking news or keeping up with news in general by following trending topics. As Twitter become a source of news breaks contents in form of comments and replies to share the newest ideas. Therefore, several mobile applications that utilize Twitter API has been developed to provide a convenient way in providing trending topics to their user. Twitter trending topics offers an effective opportunity in marketing point of view for online marketers to promote their marketing contents. Spam contents in Twitter were found to be distracting and annoying for certain users, thus mobile application to deliver spam-free Twitter trending topics contents is needed. This research designs an Android application framework that allow developers to build their own implementation of spam detection classifier for Twitter contents as application library. This research implements two classification methods, i.e. Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor, to identify spam in Twitter trending topics. The Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor classification methods are able to detect spam and ham contents with 82% and 71% accuracy respectively.
Cambio tecnológico endógeno y tasa de interés en la dinámica de la globalización

La dinámica macroeconómica en las últimas décadas ha sido vista desde la Nueva Teoría del Crecimiento, siendo Romer (1990) un artículo seminal. Este trabajo analiza ese modelo demostrando que algunos supuestos neoclásicos generan inconsistencias. Para construir un modelo teórico consistente que permita explicaciones plausibles, el artículo abandona algunos supuestos neoclásicos de Romer (1990) reemplazándolos por conceptos teóricos no neoclásicos. Se define algunos hechos estilizados de la globalización y se testea la capacidad explicativa del modelo transformado interpretando dichos hechos con esta nueva perspectiva. La conclusión es que mejora la capacidad teórica explicativa si no existe retorno endógeno al crecimiento equilibrado, ni convergencia automática global en renta per cápita, si el dinero y la tasa de interés son gestionados políticamente, si las preferencias temporales dependen de las expectativas sobre el futuro y si la globalización financiera no es vista como un mercado competitivo.
Experimental entanglement distillation of two-qubit mixed states under local operations.

We experimentally demonstrate optimal entanglement distillation from two forms of two-qubit mixed states under local filtering operations according to the constructive method introduced by [F. Verstraete, Phys. Rev. A 64, 010101(R) (2001)10.1103/PhysRevA.64. 010101]. In principle, our setup can be easily applied to distilling entanglement from arbitrary two-qubit partially mixed states. We also test the violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shinmony-Holt inequality for the distilled state from the first form of mixed state to show its "hidden nonlocality. "
Comparing willingness-to-pay between residents and non-residents using a contingent valuation method: case of the Grand Canal in China

ABSTRACT Cultural heritage is important in sustaining community identity and boosting local economies via tourism. Stakeholder theories suggest that residents and non-residents may have different perspectives on the values and meanings attached to cultural heritage. Focusing on the Grand Canal in China, designated as World Heritage Site in 2014, this study aims to estimate and compare residents and non-residents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the preservation of the Canal. A field survey of tourists visiting the Grand Canal was conducted between 12 April and 2 May 2015. Logit models were estimated to compare factors influencing WTP between residents and non-residents. Similarities and differences between residents and non-residents were found. Main differences were the effect of place identity and revisit intention differed between residents and non-residents. WTPs for the preservation of the Canal were larger for residents than that for non-residents.
A method to determine the gate bias-dependent and gate bias-independent components of MOSFET series resistance from S-parameters

An S-parameter measurement-based procedure for the extraction of the bias dependent and bias independent components of the MOSFET series resistance is presented. The proposed procedure allows the direct and analytical determination of these components from measurements performed on a single device. The method is verified by achieving good agreement between simulated and experimental data for a 0.18-/spl mu/m channel-length MOSFET.
FPGA based development platform for implementation of brushless DC motor control

Development of motor control techniques in last decade improved motor efficiency and wider usage area of BLDC motors. In modern industry one of the most important constraints is the product price. In motor industry there are not many application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) solutions for motor control. One of reasons is very high price of ASIC development and its validation and production. To decrease the development time and time needed for validation a custom FPGA platform can be used. With the prices of FPGA components which are decreasing rapidly, such platform can even become a commercial solution. Modular and flexible design offers the opportunity to use various approaches during the development phase. Such embedded system is not designed for general processing but for specific application which makes it a good starting point in the ASIC development. This paper presents design and implementation of an FPGA based development platform for Brushless DC (BLDC) motor control using Xilinx FPGA - Virtex6. Experimental verification is performed on Hall sensor control application, as on of the most common motor control configurations.
High-resolution images of cone beam collimated CT scans

We present a novel reconstruction algorithm for high-resolution cone-beam CT. Two ideas are combined to achieve this: First, the ray-offset technique, which is well known for 2D reconstruction, is adapted to the case of cone-beam CT. Instead of interleaving parallel rebinned projections from opposite directions during preprocessing before radial rebinning and filtering, the parallel rebinned projections are interleaved with virtual projections, which contain only zeros. These new projections are processed further as usual. The actual combination of opposite measured projections is moved into the back-projection step of the reconstruction. The second idea is the so-called frequency-split technique, which is designed to minimize cone-beam artifacts. Observing that cone beam artifacts contain mainly low frequency components, the reconstructed image is a combination of two independent reconstructions with differently modified reconstruction filters and different amounts of redundant data. A high-frequency image is reconstructed with the ray offset technique using all the redundant data, and a high pass filter leading to a suppression of low frequency artifacts, while the low-frequency components of the image are reconstructed by using little redundant data only. The proposed technique is applied to the WEDGE algorithm and helical acquisition.
Repair of Complete Acromioclavicular Separations Using the Acromioclavicular‐Hook Plate

Complete Tossy III acromioclavicular separations in 21 male patients (according to the Rockwood classification: 7 Type III and 14 Type V lesions) with a mean age of 31 years were treated by surgical repair with the acromicroclavicular-hook plate within a period of 6 years. The population consisted of 18 patients with acute injuries and 3 with old injuries. Six patients experienced infections and delayed wound healing; osteitis did not occur. In 1 case, delayed wound healing was combined with dislocation of the hook. Bending of the implant occurred in another patient. Sixteen patients underwent clinical and radiographic followup at a mean of 38 months. Four patients who had no complications and free mobility of the shoulder joint at the end of treatment after removal of the implant did not appear for followup. One patient died of a malignant brain tumor. According to a modified evaluation system by Poigenfürst et al, clinical and radiographic findings showed 8 excellent, 7 good, and 1 poor result. A secondary widening of the hook hole in the acromion was seen in 13 patients; this was related to the large range of motion of the acromioclavicular joint. Calcifications and ossifications in the coracoclavicular ligaments, diastases in the acromioclavicular joint, and redislocations were not significantly different when this method was compared with other surgical techniques as reported in the literature. Use of the acromioclavicular-hook plate permits retention in the transverse plane without impairing the joint itself, but the technique is challenging.
interferon- s: Front-Line Guardians of immunity and Homeostasis in the Respiratory Tract λ

Type III interferons (IFNs), also termed lambda IFNs (IFNλs) or interleukins-28/29, constitute a new addition to the IFN family. They are induced upon infection and are particularly abundant at barrier surfaces, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Although they signal through a unique heterodimeric receptor complex comprising IFNLR1 and IL10RB, they activate a downstream signaling pathway remarkably similar to that of type I IFNs and share many functions with them. Yet, they also have important differences which are only now starting to unfold. Here, we review the current literature implicating type III IFNs in the regulation of immunity and homeostasis in the respiratory tract. We survey the common and unique characteristics of type III IFNs in terms of expression patterns, cellular targets, and biological activities and discuss their emerging role in first line defenses against respiratory viral infections. We further explore their immune modulatory functions and their involvement in the regulation of inflammatory responses during chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Type III IFNs are, therefore, arising as front-line guardians of immune defenses in the respiratory tract, fine tuning inflammation, and as potential novel therapeutics for the treatment of diverse respiratory diseases, including influenza virus infection and asthma.
Sentence context modulates visual word recognition and translation in bilinguals

The influence of sentence context constraint on subsequent processing of concrete and abstract cognates and noncognates was tested in three experiments. Target words were preceded by a predictive, high constraint sentence context, by a congruent, low constraint sentence context, or were presented in isolation. Dutch–English bilinguals performed lexical decision in their second language (L2), or translated target words in forward (from L1 to L2) or in backward (from L2 to L1) direction. After reading a high constraint sentence context, cognate and concreteness effects disappeared in lexical decision and strongly decreased in both translation tasks. In contrast, low constraint sentences did not influence cognate and concreteness effects. These results suggest that semantically rich sentences modulate crosslanguage interaction during word recognition and word translation. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PsychINFO classification: 2300; 2340; 2720