Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2 Physiology of PediatricGenitourinary Laparoscopy

The expanding scope of paediatric genitourinary laparoscopy has meant that increasingly complex procedures are being carried out in ever younger patient populations. Surgeons and anaesthetists alike have thereby been confronted with and gained awareness of a mounting repertoire of physiological consequences related to both intra and retroperitoneal gaseous insufflation. The physiological responses encountered clinically are mainly due to the mechanical and biochemical effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation. CO2 is absorbed across the thin peritoneal membrane of paediatric patients resulting in hypercarbia and acidosis and leads to an increased CO2 load presented to the lungs. Mechanically, the increased intraabdominal pressure decreases lung compliance and worsens ventilation perfusion mismatch, ultimately leading to hypoxia. Cardiovascularly, the paediatric patient is prone to developing increases in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in significant decreases in cardiac output. These cardiopulmonary effects are pressure dependent and have an occurrence that is inversely proportional to patient age and weight, warranting use of the lowest insufflation pressures possible, especially when dealing with very young and/or acutely ill patients. Abdominal insufflation also leads to acute elevations in intracranial pressure, a caveat with specific relevance to genitourinary laparoscopy as myelodysplastic patients constitute a significant patient subgroup who stand to benefit from laparoscopic procedures under specific precautionary measures. Other physiological consequences include effects on renal function, thermoregulation, surgical stress and metabolism. Despite this long list of untoward physiological effects the overwhelming majority of genitourinary From: Current Clinical Urology: Pediatric Robotic Urology Edited by: J. S. Palmer, DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-422-7_2 C © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
Eurasian Collared-Dove in North America and the Caribbean Eurasian ( ollared-Dove inthe Dry Tortugas : pring 1999

n the mid-1980s, a population of Streptopelia dov s in southern Florida was identified as the Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky) (Smith & Kale 1986, White 1986). Birdwatchers are now witnessing the expansion of this species across the North American continent and the Caribbean Islands. Sightings at new locations are reported monthly as the range of the Eurasian CollaredDove expands as a result of either natural dispersal or local release. This arfide picks up where E William Smith (1987) left off when he first introduced the North American birdwatching community o the Eurasian Collared-Dove. Its purpose is to present the most current information on identification problems with the Ringed Turtle-
ON COMPLEMENT AND ADJUNCT CLAUSES IN ENGLISH FROM DISCOURSE PERSPECTIVE

The paper aims to test the view put forward in Matthiessen/Thompson 1988, Verhagen 2005 and Langacker 2008 (among others) that there is an important difference between adjunct and complement clauses – whereas the former provide additional pieces of information and can be viewed as satellite discourse fragments with respect to the main clauses (which provide the skeleton of the discourse, determining its overall structure), the latter, though viewed as syntactically subordinate, actually present the basic discourse content. The paper attempts to do so by analysing a group of (stylistically varied) texts, thereby especially focusing on the contribution of the two given types of clauses to discourse. In addition, the implications of such analysis are also discussed in terms of their pedagogical implications.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Mobile Augmented Reality dengan Scene Recognition Memanfaatkan Convolutional Neural Network

The development of smartphone technology and the need of people to gather information of places open chance to utilize augmented reality to help people get the information of a scene and see the scene through camera at the same time. The sensor-based AR system depends on GPS which is not always available. This research uses AR system using convolutional neural network for scene recognition. There are 45 network variations that will be tested to find the best combination. The different parameters that will be used are architecture, initialization method, and activation function that will be used. The architectures used are GoogLeNet and 2 variations of simplified GoogLeNet. The initialization methods used are random-based (Xavier and MSRA) and pretrained weights. The activation functions used are ReLU, PReLU, and ELU. The data augmentations used during training are random cropping, color balance, rotation, blur, sharpen, and brightness-contrast manipulation. Out of 1649 photos from 12 scene categories, 321 photos will be used for testing with variations on rotation (30 degrees interval), blur, sharpen, brightness, and contrast. Network with initialization method using finetuning on all areas of network and PReLU activation function has better average accuration.
Processing of fetal heart rate through non-invasive adaptive system based on recursive least squares algorithm

In this article, we describe an innovative non-invasive method of Fetal Phonocardiography (fPCG) using fiber-optic sensors and adaptive algorithm for the measurement of fetal heart rate (fHR). Conventional PCG is based on a noninvasive scanning of acoustic signals by means of a microphone placed on the thorax. As for fPCG, the microphone is placed on the maternal abdomen. Our solution is based on patent pending non-invasive scanning of acoustic signals by means of a fiber-optic interferometer. Fiber-optic sensors are resistant to technical artifacts such as electromagnetic interferences (EMI), thus they can be used in situations where it is impossible to use conventional EFM methods, e.g. during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination or in case of delivery in water. The adaptive evaluation system is based on Recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. Based on real measurements provided on five volunteers with their written consent, we created a simplified dynamic signal model of a distribution of heartbeat sounds (HS) through the human body. Our created model allows us to verification of the proposed adaptive system RLS algorithm. The functionality of the proposed non-invasive adaptive system was verified by objective parameters such as Sensitivity (S+) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Radial transfer of tracking data with wireless links

The discovery of a charged Higgs boson (H±) would be a clear indication for physics beyond the Standard Model. This thesis describes searches for charged Higgs bosons with the ATLAS experiment at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The first data collected during the LHC Run 1 is analysed, searching for a light charged Higgs boson (mH±<mtop), which decays predominantly into a tau-lepton and a neutrino. Different final states with one or two leptons (electrons or muons), as well as leptonically or hadronically decaying taus, are studied, and exclusion limits are set.The background arising from misidentified non-prompt electrons and muons was estimated from data. This so-called "Matrix Method'' exploits the difference in the lepton identification between real, prompt, and misidentified or non-prompt electrons and muons. The Matrix Method is used in all charged Higgs boson searches in this thesis.In 2024 the LHC will be upgraded into a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The ATLAS detector is expected to collect around 300 fb-1 of collision data until 2022, whereas the HL-LHC will deliver about 250-300 fb-1 of data per year. This will increase the mean number of interactions per bunch crossing, resulting in larger particle fluxes. This puts challenging requirements on the electronics. In order to keep trigger and data rates at manageable levels, new trigger concepts require more intelligence at early stage which possibly results in more cables and connectors, inside the detector which lead to degraded performance of the detector system.This thesis presents new concepts using wireless technology at 60 GHz, in order add more data links inside the detector system without adding much material. Patch antennas have been developed, operating at 60 GHz. Manufacture methods have been investigated, and the fabrication tolerances and bandwidth of these antennas have been studied. Also, concepts of using passive repeaters have been investigated, to make the 60 GHz signal pass boundaries. These repeaters can be used to connect intelligence inside the detector, but also for reading out data from the whole detector radially.
Fiscal Decentralization and Intergovernmental Debt Management

This paper investigates how government debt is allocated between the central government and local governments among countries with various type of decentralization. For example, in Euro area, the Stability and Growth Pact provides convergence criteria on gross government debt (lower than 60% of GDP or approaching that value). Member countries decide allocation of the gross government debt between the central (federal) government and local (state) governments to achieve the criteria. On the other hand, local (state) governments do not directly accept responsibility to attain the criteria of government debt. Depending on fiscal decentralization, the central and local governments cannot cooperate to restrain government debt, because they pursue their ends independently. We analyze theoretically and numerically intergovernmental structure and debt management of the central and local governments. We develop a theoretical model of intergovernmental financing with government debt and public investment, and explain allocation of government debt between the central and local governments in a multi-government setting. JEL classification: E6, H5, H6 Keyword: Degree of decentralization, public investment, debt management *: Faculty of Economics, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan, E-mail: tdoi@econ.keio.ac.jp, URL: http://web.econ.keio.ac.jp/staff/tdoi/ **: Department of Economics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, (phone) +81-3-5841-5502, (fax) +81-3-5841-5521: E-mail: ihori@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Designing a Usibility Assessment Process for Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Case Study

Bu calismanin amaci, problem cozme ogretimi icin tasarlanmis bir uyarlanabilir zeki ogretim sistemi olan ArtiBos’un kullanilabilirlik degerlendirmesi surecini incelemek ve benzer sistemlerin kullanilabilirlik degerlendirmesi sureclerine yonelik oneriler sunmaktir. Calismaya, 3 farkli ortaogretim kurumundan secilen 90 ogrenci ile Bilgisayar ve Ogretim Teknolojileri Egitimi-Matematik Egitimi alanlarindan 30 uzman katilmistir. ArtiBos’un kullanilabilirligi, Uluslararasi Standartlar Enstitusu (International Standards Organization – ISO) tarafindan yapilan kullanilabilirlik taniminda yer alan etkililik, verimlilik ve memnuniyet kriterlerine gore degerlendirilmistir. Calismada veri cesitlemesi saglanarak nicel ve nitel veriler birlikte kullanilmistir. Kullanicilarin ArtiBos’da istenen gorevleri gerceklestirme sureclerindeki ekran goruntuleri, sesli dusunme teknigi (think aloud) sirasinda alinan ses kayitlari, ogrencilerle yapilan gorusmeler ve uzmanlarin gorusleriyle veriler elde edilmistir. Calismada, ArtiBos’un kullanilabilirlik testleri sureci detayli bir sekilde aciklanmis ve kullanilabilirlik degerlendirme sureclerine yonelik oneriler sunulmustur. Elde edilen sonuclarin benzer sistemlerin kullanilabilirlik calismasini yapmayi planlayan arastirmacilar icin yol gosterici olmasi hedeflenmektedir.
Validación de la versión española de la Escala de Adaptación Social en pacientes depresivosl

Introducción: La escala autoaplicada de adaptación social SASSpermite evaluar la perspectiva del individuo sobre sí mismo y el entorno, así como su conducta y motivación social con gran facilidad de uso. Puesto que el desajuste social se halla bien documentado en pacientes depresivos y supone uno de los aspectos más limitantes de su funcionamiento global, el presente trabajo se propone validar la versión española de la escala para su aplicación en pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo mayor (DSM-IV). Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y multicéntrico que recogió información en 464 pacientes (34,7% varones y 65,3% mujeres), de edades entre los 18 y 65 años, de sus respuestas a la escala y de un conjunto de variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de interés. Resultados: El análisis de componentes principales corroboró la identificación de cuatro factores principales: el primero, relaciones extrafamiliares (31,4% de inercia); el segundo, ocio y trabajo (7,6% de la inercia); el tercero, intereses socio-culturales (5,6% de inercia); y el cuarto, relacionesfamiliares y estrategia conductuales (5,5% de la inercia). La escala ha aportado índices de fiabilidad y de validez adecuados, así como sensibilidad a la gravedad del episodio depresivo. Conclusiones: La versión española de la escala SASS ha mostrado ser un instrumento adecuado para evaluar el ajuste social en pacientes depresivos, aunque futuros estudios deberán confirmar su sensibilidad a los efectos del tratamiento antidepresivo y posibles diferencias en función del tipo de fármaco.
ON RESTORING PREMATURELY TRUNCATED SINE SWEEP ROOM IMPULSE RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS

When measuring room impulse responses using swept sinusoids, it often occurs that the sine sweep room response recording is terminated soon after either the sine sweep ends or the long-lasting low-frequency modes fully decay. In the presence of typical acoustic background noise levels, perceivable artifacts can emerge from the process of converting such a prematurely truncated sweep response into an impulse response. In particular, a low-pass noise process with a time-varying cutoff frequency will appear in the measured room impulse response, a result of the frequency-dependent time shift applied to the sweep response to form the impulse response. Here, we detail the artifact, describe methods for restoring the impulse response measurement, and present a case study using measurements from the Berkeley Art Museum shortly before its demolition. We show that while the difficulty may be avoided using circular convolution, nonlinearities typical of loudspeakers will corrupt the room impulse response. This problem can be alleviated by stitching synthesized noise onto the end of the sweep response before converting it into an impulse response. Two noise synthesis methods are described: the first uses a filter bank to estimate the frequency-dependent measurement noise power and then filter synthesized white Gaussian noise. The second uses a linearphase filter formed by smoothing the recorded noise across perceptual bands to filter Gaussian noise. In both cases, we demonstrate that by time-extending the recording with noise similar to the recorded background noise that we can push the problem out in time such that it no longer interferes with the measured room impulse response.
Do discontinuous temporal windows in metrical music point to open-loop motor control ?

Metrical music is commonly perceived as segmented into phrases at durations above the level of the tactus, up to temporal intervals of approximately 3 secs. These segments are normally contiguous and non-overlapping. Examples of similar temporal segmentation are found in human utterances and in human mother-infant interactions. Standard reference beat patterns such as the Cuban clave and African bell patterns are in this order of duration, and have rotation symmetry only at the level of the whole pattern. The start point of the patterns is either musically inherent or culturally understood. Various researchers have found the existence of musically meaningful deviations of less than 60ms from quantised rhythm, a level of timing control not possible through closed-loop kinaesthetic feedback control,which has a cycle time in the order of 100ms. I propose that reference beat patterns provide a guide to performers in a group as to the start point of a recurring open-loop timing control interval.
The Relationship between Coping Strategies During Pregnancy with Perceived Stress Level in Pregnant Mothers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Physical and mental changes that caused by pregnancy, causing high levels of stress, which is associated with adverse outcomes for the mother and fetus and pregnant women require coping strategies during pregnancy to combat with these created challenges. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between coping strategies and perceived stress of pregnancy and pregnant mothers. METHODS: This study was done on 500 pregnant women as random sampling referred to 20 health centers in Mashhad. Information was obtained by using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire which scores range is from 0 to 56 and higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. In addition, coping strategies with pregnancy stress questionnaire which each subscale score measures separately was collected and evaluated. FINDINGS: Average score of planned preparedness strategy was 3.12±9.34, the avoidance strategy 5.9±3.14, positive spiritual strategy 7.5±3.17 and the perceived stress levels of participants 6.9±3.23, respectively. Between perceived stress and planned preparedness strategy (r= -0.69) and positive spiritual strategy (r= -0.68) was a significant inverse linear correlation and also between perceived stress and avoidance strategy (r=0.75) was a significant positive correlation (p<0.0001) CONCLUSION: The results showed that perceived stress was positively correlated with planned preparedness strategy and positive spiritual strategy, whereas was inversely correlated with avoidance strategy.
Investigation of the R 260 rail steel behavior at varying temperatures by EMI method

In recent years, Electromechanical Impedance (EMI) method has been widely used in structural health monitoring (SHM). In this method, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic sensor patch is added to the structure to be monitored for structural health. Impedance and admittance characteristics are measured using an impedance analyzer, which forms the reference characteristic in the evaluation of structural health. It is expected that these characteristics will not change as long as there is no change in the structure. However, it is known that these characteristics change in some situations, such as exposure to external environmental conditions and temperature fluctuations. If the effect of temperature is not taken into account, it leads to misinterpretations as if there were faults in the structure. Rails are exposed to changing environmental conditions continuously. In this study, the behavior of the R260 rail steel at varying temperatures is investigated using the EMI method. As a result of the experimental studies, it has been observed that frequency and amplitude change with decreasing temperature. This change has been interpreted using damage metrics.
ATTACHMENT THEORY: REARCH AND APPLICATION TO PRACTICE AND POLICY

Attachment is a key aspect of early human development. It refers to the close bond a child has to his/her parents or carers, which serves the purpose of helping a child feel safe, and comforted when worried or anxious. A great deal of research has been undertaken to understand how attachment develops, what factors influence the extent to which a child forms a secure or insecure attachment relationship to a caregiver, what this might mean for later outcomes and how attachment difficulties might be treated or prevented. This chapter provides an overview of research in this field and discusses the implications of this work for clinical practice and policy.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METAHEURISTICS APPLIED TO TROUBLESHOOTING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Metaheuristics are powerful in that they efficiently address complex, real-life-sized problems. Many algorithms have been proposed in the last few years, each one with different features, but few stand out. The purpose of this paper is to compare the recently proposed Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) with two of the most well-known methods, namely Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Numerical experiments were conducted using three different instances of the troubleshooting optimization problem with different complexity levels. A comparison among the algorithms was made in terms of convergence speed, accuracy and precision. Algorithm complexity was also taken into account, in order to make the comparison useful for practical application. A thorough analysis was made for each algorithm, considering different perspectives of the data collected during the experiments. The final results showed that TLBO has advantages over the others.
Molecular Mapping in Crop Plants : Development and Characterization of Mapping Populations

The development of molecular marker technology has caused renewed interest in genetic mapping. An appropriate mapping population, suitable marker system and the software for analyses of data are the key requirements for a molecular mapping and molecular breeding programme. Genetic map construction requires that the researchers: (i) select the most appropriate mapping population(s); (ii) calculate pairwise recombination frequencies using these population; (iii) establish linkage groups and estimate map distances; and (iv) determine map order.
Income pooling and the distribution of individual consumption among couples in Switzerland

Textbook models of household behavior assume that a household is a single decision unit that allocates time and money by maximizing a common utility function with respect to a common budget constraint. But households consist of individuals with distinct preferences. Household decisions are the result of a bargaining process with usually unequal bargaining power. If this collective view of household behavior is true the traditional tools used in the measurement of inequality, poverty and welfare may produce misleading results. In this paper we test the so-called income pooling assumption which postulates that redistributing income within the household does not change individual welfare. We also provide estimates of a more general collective household model. We use subjective income evaluation as measure for individual utility. Income pooling is rejected by our results. We find evidence for an unequal distribution of the bargaining power within the household, which depends on how much each spouse contributes to household income. Consequently, there is also an unequal distribution of consumption within the household. JEL Classification : D12, C14, C23 ∗ Corresponding author: Michael Gerfin, Department of Economics, University of Bern, Schanzeneckstasse 1, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland, and IZA, Bonn, Germany; email: michael.gerfin@vwi.unibe. ch. Aline Bütikofer, Department of Economics, University of Bern, Schanzeneckstasse 1, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland; aline.buetikofer@vwi.unibe. ch. Gabrielle Wanzenried, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Institute of Financial Services Zug IFZ, Grafenauweg 10, Postfach 4332, 6304 Zug, gabrielle.wanzenried@hslu.ch. This study has been realized using the data collected in the ''Living in Switzerland'' project, conducted by the Swiss Household Panel (SHP), which is based at the Swiss Foundation for Research in the Social Sciences FORS, University of Lausanne. The project is financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation.