Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of multiscale variations of decade‐long cloud fractions from six different platforms over the Southern Great Plains in the United States

This study compares 1997–2011 observationally based cloud fraction estimates from six different platforms (three ground‐based estimates and three satellite‐based estimates) over the Southern Great Plains, United States. The comparisons are performed at multiple temporal and spatial scales. The results show that 1997–2011 mean cloud fractions from the Active Remote Sensing of CLouds (ARSCL) and from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) are significantly (at a 2% significance level, two‐sided t test) larger than the others, having 0.08 and 0.15 larger mean diurnal variations, 0.08 and 0.13 larger mean annual variations, and 0.08 and 0.14 larger interannual variations, respectively. Although more high (low) clouds are likely a reason for larger ARSCL (ISCCP) cloud fractions, other mechanisms cannot be ruled out and require further investigations. Furthermore, half of the estimates exhibit a significant (at a 1% significance level, one‐sided t test) overall increase of 0.08–0.10 in the annually averaged cloud fractions from 1998 to 2009; another half of the estimates exhibit little tendency of increase in this decade. Monthly cloud fractions from all the estimates exhibit quasi‐Gaussian frequency distributions while the distributions of daily cloud fractions are found dependent on spatial scales. Cloud fractions from all the estimates show much larger seasonal variations than diurnal variations. Findings from this study suggest caution when using observationally based cloud fraction estimates for climate studies such as evaluating model performance and reinforce the need of consistency in defining and retrieving cloud fractions.
Production of Anthocyanins in Grape Cell Cultures: A potential Source of Raw Material for Pharmaceutical, Food, and Cosmetic Industries

Research continues to show that many artificial pigments are actually detrimental to our health. According to [1], there is an increasing consumer preference for healthy foods, which has invit‐ ed considerable demand for the use of anthocyanins as natural colorants, because of their natu‐ ral pedigree and healthful properties. Anthocyanins are the most widely distributed group of water-soluble plant pigments in nature. They are mainly responsible for the mauve, red, blue, and purple colors in flowers, fruits, leaves, seeds and other organs in most of the flowering plants. The other important class of water-soluble pigments are betalains, which are present on‐ ly in plants belonging to 13 families of Caryophyllales order [2-5]. An interesting phenomenon is the existence of mutual exclusiveness of anthocyanins and betalains in plant kingdom [3, 5-9]. Recent research demonstrated that simultaneous production of anthocyanins and betalains is possible in cell cultures and seedlings of anthocyanin producing plants by introduction and ex‐ pression of genes encoding dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) dioxygenases in combination with substrate precursor feeding [10]. However, the co-occurrence of both pigments in the same plant species have never been found in nature and the plants which produce anthocyanins nev‐ er produce betalains and vice versa [6]. The commercial production of anthocyanin pigments is one of the fastest growing segments of the food colorant industry [2, 11]. The only industrial sources for anthocyanin pigments are from whole plant extracts [1], with the most common source being grape skins from the wine industry. According to [1], the demand of natural colo‐ rants continues to rise by 5-15% every year and this translated to the sales of anthocyanins isolat‐ ed from grape skins in 2002, which was estimated to be US$200 million worldwide. The increase
Multi-viewpoint ontology construction and classification by non-experts and crowdsourcing : the case of diet effect on health

Domain experts are skilled to build a narrow ontology that reflects their sub-field of expertise. It will be grounded on their work experience and personal beliefs. We call this type of ontology a single-viewpoint ontology. There can be a variety of such single viewpoint ontologies for a given domain that represent a wide spectrum of sub-fields and expert opinions on the domain. But to have a complete formal vocabulary for the domain they need to be linked and unified into a multi-viewpoint model, while having the viewpoint statements marked and distinguished from the objectively true statements. We propose and test a methodology for multi-viewpoint ontology construction by non-expert users and crowdsourcing. The proposed methodology was evaluated in a large-scale crowdsourcing experiment with about 750 ontological statements. Typically, in crowdsourcing experiments the workers are asked for their personal opinions on the given subject. However, in our case their ability to objectively assess others' opinions is examined as well. Our results show substantially higher accuracy in classification for the objective assessment approach compared to the experiment based on personal opinions.
Effects of heat stress on performance.

Abstract Three groups of subjects, seven subjects each, were required, to perform a central tracking task and simultaneously respond to peripheral stimuli, while being exposed to heat stress environments. One group was exposed to a 95°F and 50% RH environment, the second group was exposed to a 95°F and 75% RH environment, and the third group was exposed to a 100°F and 50% RH environment. The performance results showed that there was a significant deterioration in tracking and increase in reaction time only when the subjects were exposed to the 95°F and 75% RH environment. The peripheral field of awareness was not significantly affected by any of the three environments.
SSRP1 functions as a co‐activator of the transcriptional activator p63

The p53 homolog p63 is a transcriptional activator. Here, we describe the identification of an HMG1‐like protein SSRP1 as a co‐activator of p63. Over expression of wild‐type, but not deletion mutant, SSRP1 remarkably enhanced p63γ‐dependent luciferase activity, G1 arrest, apoptosis and expression of endogenous PIG3, p21Waf1/cip1 and MDM2 in human p53‐deficient lung carcinoma H1299 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Also, SSRP1 interacted to p63γ in vitro and in cells, and resided with p63γ at the p53‐responsive DNA element sites of the cellular endogenous MDM2 and p21Waf1/cip1 promoters. Moreover, N‐terminus‐deleted p63 (ΔN‐p63) bound to neither SSRP1 nor its central domain in vitro. Accordingly, SSRP1 was unable to stimulate ΔN‐p63‐mediated residual luciferase activity and apoptosis in cells. Finally, the ectopic expression of the central p63‐binding domain of SSRP1 inhibited p63‐dependent transcription in cells. Thus, these results suggest that SSRP1 stimulates p63 activity by associating with this activator at the promoter.
Identification and expression patterns of Halloween genes encoding cytochrome P450s involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Abstract 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is a key hormone which regulates growth, development and reproduction in insects. Although cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) participating in the ecdysteroid biosynthesis of 20E have been characterized in a few model insects, no work has been published on the molecular entity of their orthologs in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, a major pest insect in agriculture worldwide. In this study, four cytochrome P450 homologs, namely HarmCYP302A1, HarmCYP306A1, HarmCYP314A1 and HarmCYP315A1 from H. armigera, were identified and evolutional conservation of these Halloween genes were revealed among lepidopteran. Expression analyses showed that HarmCYP302A1 and HarmCYP315A1 were predominantly expressed in larval prothoracic glands, whereas this predominance was not always observed for HarmCYP306A1 and CYP314A1. The expression patterns of Halloween genes indicate that the fat bodies may play an important role in the conversion of ecdysone into 20E in larval–larval molt and in larval–pupal metamorphosis, and raise the possibility that HarmCYP315A1 plays a role in tissue-specific regulation in the steroid biosynthesis in H. armigera. These findings represent the first identification and expression characterization of four steriodogenic P450 genes and provide the groundwork for future functional and evolutionary study of steroid biosynthesis in this agriculturally important pest.
Ectopic expression of Hel-N1, an RNA-binding protein, increases glucose transporter (GLUT1) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

3T3-L1 preadipocytes ectopically expressing the mammalian RNA-binding protein Hel-N1 expressed up to 10-fold more glucose transporter (GLUT1) protein and exhibited elevated rates of basal glucose uptake. Hel-N1 is a member of the ELAV-like family of proteins associated with the induction and maintenance of differentiation in various species. ELAV proteins are known to bind in vitro to short stretches of uridylates in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of unstable mRNAs encoding growth-regulatory proteins involved in transcription and signal transduction. GLUT1 mRNA also contains a large 3'UTR with a U-rich region that binds specifically to Hel-N1 in vitro. Analysis of the altered GLUT1 expression at the translational and posttranscriptional levels suggested a mechanism involving both mRNA stabilization and accelerated formation of translation initiation complexes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the Hel-N1 family of proteins modulate gene expression at the level of mRNA in the cytoplasm.
Teilnehmer an beruflichen Bildungsmaßnahmen und ihre Beschäftigungschancen

"Durch eine vergleichende Analyse der Ergebnisse zweier Geschaftsstatistiken der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit (namlich der Statistik uber die Teilnehmer an beruflichen Bildungsmasnahmen und der Sondererhebung uber die Struktur der Arbeitslosen) wurde fur Ende September 1976 - gegliedert nach Schulungszielen - der Anteil der Arbeitslosen unter jenen Teilnehmern an beruflichen Bildungsmasnahmen im Vollzeit-Unterricht ermittelt, die ihre Lehrgange zwischen dem 1.7. 1975 und 30.9. 1976 beendet hatten. Die Analyse ergab, das vor der Masnahme ein Drittel der Teilnehmer arbeitslos war. Nach der Masnahme, zum Beobachtungszeitpunkt, waren 8 % ohne Beschaftigung. Diese Anteile waren je nach Geschlecht Masnahmeart (Fortbildung, Umschulung, Einarbeitung) und Schulungsziel recht unterschiedlich. Die Unterschiede werden dargestellt. "
The quantitatively minor role of carbohydrate in oxidative metabolism by skeletal muscle in intact man in the basal state; measurements of oxygen and glucose uptake and carbon dioxide and lactate production in the forearm.

Skeletal muscle accounts for some 40 per cent of body weight. Presumably, by virtue of its bulk as the largest mass of tissue, its metabolism may be a major factor in total body economy and yet surprisingly little is known of the quantitative characteristics of metabolism of skeletal muscle. Studies of excised muscle and its extracts have provided a rich background relating to the metabolic capabilities of muscle. They have shown a great deal about the apparatus with which muscle is equipped to perform its functions in dissimilating metabolites but they fail to reveal the quantitative importance of particular pathways of dissimilation in the total scheme.
Implementation of targeted medication adherence interventions within a community chain pharmacy practice: The Pennsylvania Project.

OBJECTIVE To identify facilitators and barriers to implementing targeted medication adherence interventions in community chain pharmacies, and describe adaptations of the targeted intervention and organizational structure within each individual pharmacy practice. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Central and western Pennsylvania from February to April 2012. PARTICIPANTS Rite Aid pharmacists staffed at the 118 Pennsylvania Project intervention sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Qualitative analysis of pharmacists' perceptions of facilitators and barriers experienced, targeted intervention and organizational structure adaptations implemented, and training and preparation prior to implementation. RESULTS A total of 15 key informant interviews were conducted from February to April 2012. Ten pharmacists from "early adopter" practices and five pharmacists from "traditionalist" practices were interviewed. Five themes emerged regarding the implementation of targeted interventions, including all pharmacists' need to understand the relationship of patient care programs to their corporation's vision; providing individualized, continual support and mentoring to pharmacists; anticipating barriers before implementation of patient care programs; encouraging active patient engagement; and establishing best practices regarding implementation of patient care services. CONCLUSION This qualitative analysis revealed that there are a series of key steps that can be taken before the execution of targeted interventions that may promote successful implementation of medication therapy management in community chain pharmacies.
A start-up calibration method for generic current-steering D/A converters with optimal area solution

This paper presents a new start-up calibration method for current-steering D/A converters, based on a 1-bit ADC. The paper proposes a new current cell that allows calibration of non-identical current sources by way of a shared calibration apparatus. The current cell uses parallel self-calibrated unit elements. Each of these is calibrated individually and when all combined together, the accuracy of the current sources is improved. This method is independent of the DAC architecture and hence an extra degree of design freedom exists. A minimal area solution can be found through optimizing the calibration strength, since the method is not only applicable to the identical thermometer current sources of the segmented DACs. A general discussion on the new calibration method is offered and conclusions are drawn.
Letter to the Editor: What Is the Role of Serum Thyroglobulin Measurement in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated Without Radioactive Iodine?

The response to therapy assessment is a validated tool for dynamic risk stratification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Responses to therapy criteria are heavily dependent on serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and were largely validated in patients treated with total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) (1). According to the various guidelines, it is currently sufficient to treat patients with a thyroid microcarcinoma by resection of the affected thyroid lobe alone, and iodine131 ablation after complete thyroidectomy is optional in most low-risk patients (2). Accordingly, Momesso et al. (3) recently attempted to optimize the Tg cutoff limits to assess the response to therapy in such patients treated with lobectomy alone or complete thyroidectomywithout RAI ablation, respectively. The criteria adopted by Momesso et al. (3) in defining the Tg thresholds are, however, inappropriate as
Emergent Dialysis and its Impact on Quality of Life in Undocumented Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to define the ethnographic composition and assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a large population of undocumented patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) seeking emergent dialysis in the emergency department (ED) of a large public hospital in the United States. DESIGN All ESRD patients presenting to the hospital's main ED were identified during a 4-week consecutive enrollment period. Consenting patients completed two surveys-an ethnographic questionnaire and the validated kidney disease quality of life-36 (KDQOL-36) instrument. SETTING The study was conducted at a large county hospital in Dallas, Texas. In 2013, the hospital recorded >50,000 ED visits and administered approximately 6,000 dialysis treatments to ED patients. PARTICIPANTS 88 of 101 unfunded patients presenting to the ED during the study period consented to participate, resulting in an 87.1% response rate. 65 of these patients were undocumented immigrants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative scores for the 5 subscales of the KDQOL-36 were calculated for the study population. RESULTS Measures of physical and mental health in our study population were lower than those published for scheduled dialysis patients. 79.5% of our patients lost employment due to their dialysis requirements. At least 71.4% of the study patients were unaware that they required dialysis before immigrating to the United States. CONCLUSIONS Quality of life scores were found to be low among our population of undocumented emergent dialysis patients. Our data also provide some evidence that availability of dialysis at no cost is not a primary driver of illegal immigration of ESRD patients to the United States.
Text Mining in Bioinformatics: Research and Application

Biomedical literatures have been increased at the exponential rate. To find the useful and needed information from such a huge data set is a daunting task for users. Text mining is a powerful tool to solve this problem. In this paper, we surveyed on text mining in Bioinformatics with emphasis on applications of text mining for bioinformatics. In this paper, the main research directions of text mining in bioinformatics are accompanied with detailed examples. This paper suited the need for the state-of-the-art of the field of text mining in Bioinformatics because of the rapid development in both text mining and bioinformatics. Finally, the problems and future way are identified at last.
Coronary heart disease Parathyroid hormone level is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography

CLINICAL RESEARCH Coronary heart disease
Human Salivary Arginase and Its Deficiency in Argininaemia

Arginase from normal human mixed saliva was characterized. The enzyme was completely activated after a preincubation of 20 min at 55 degrees C and a Mn2+ final concentration of 5 mmol/l. The pH optimum was 9.6-9.8, and the Km for L-arginine was 4.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/l. In normal saliva only one form was found, which was chromatographically identical with the cationic form of arginase in liver and blood cells. Salivary arginase was completely precipitated by rabbit antiserum against human liver arginase. Arginase activity was not detectable in the saliva of patients suffering from argininaemia. Enzyme activities in the saliva of the heterozygous parents and the unaffected daughter were 0.08, 0.07 and 0.12 U/mg protein, respectively, whereas the activities in the saliva of 60 healthy adults and 8 children were 0.17 +/- 0.11 and 0.16 +/- 0.06 U/mg protein, respectively.
Design of a 45-degree Linearly-polarized Hollow-waveguide Slot Two-dimensional Array Antenna with a Full-corporate-feed Circuit in the Lower Layer

Hollow-waveguide slot array antennas [1] have been widely used in the milli-meter band since they do have neither radiation loss nor dielectric loss. Furthermore, they have been developed especially for military application such as radars. For commercial application such as fixed wires access system, mass production at low cost has been required and single layer hollow-waveguide slot array antennas [2] [3] have been developed to solve the problem. However, the bandwidth of gain is narrow due to the series feed and the long-line effect. To prevent the narrow bandwidth of gain, center-feed structure [4] and partially corporate feed structure [5] have been proposed. The bandwidth of gain was improved but increase of a blocking area leads to low aperture efficiency. The structure of the double-layer corporate-feed waveguide slot array [6] was proposed to achieve the wide bandwidth of gain and the high aperture efficiency. It can be mass-produced at low cost by diffusion bonding of laminated thin metal plates [7]. In this paper, we propose a 45-degree linearlypolarized configuration, placing inclined slots on a double-layer full-corporate-feed hollowwaveguide slot array antenna and design 4-element sub-array.
A Displacement Measurement System Based on Polymer Optical Fibers

A low-cost sensing system specifically devised for structural monitoring, such as the evaluation of displacements of concrete beams or the evolutions of cracks, is presented. The developed system exploits the measurement of the phase variation in a light signal propagating along a plastic optical fiber integral with the structure whose elongations have to be measured. The choice of plastic optical fibers accounts for the possibility of achieving sub-millimetric resolution while keeping the overall costs low. Preliminary measurement campaigns have been performed to assess the performances of the system.
5392 - CRACK INITIATION IN ULTRA THIN PATTERNED FILMS

We present an investigation of the unique cracking problems associated with patterned thin film devices fabricated via soft lithographic methods. Decohesion and fracture of the patterned films is dominated by two key properties: interfacial failure strength and processing induced stresses/shrinkage. We utilize several experimental methods for characterizing these properties and their relationship to cracking in patterned films. Thin film interfacial strength is measured using a laser induced pulsed loading technique. Laser pulse absorption generates a high amplitude, short duration stress waves from the substrate side of the sample, providing a loading force that does not damage or otherwise affect the test film before the failure event occurs. The rapid, high strain-rate loading minimizes inelastic deformation in the films, providing an intrinsic estimate of the interfacial strength. Processing induced residual stress in the films is determined by in situ laser reflectance measurements of wafer curvature. A dynamic edge delamination test is underdevelopment to obtain the fracture toughness of the interface. The link to meaningful fracture parameters is achieved with the aid of appropriate analytical and numerical tools to support the experiments.