Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic adaptation of the kidney to hyperammonemia during chronic liver insufficiency in the rat

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of renal ammonia and glutamine metabolism in the metabolic adaptation to chronic liver insufficiency‐induced hyperammonemia in the rat. To this purpose, urinary excretion, renal net exchange and tissue concentrations of ammonia and amino acids were measured in anesthetized, normal control rats that did not undergo surgery, in control rats that underwent sham surgery, in rats that underwent portacaval shunting and in rats that underwent both portacaval shunting and bile duct ligation. Rats that underwent sham surgery and portacaval shunting were pair‐fed with rats that underwent portacaval shunting and biliary obstruction, to correct for anorexia in that group, and all rats that were operated on were studied 7 and 14 days after surgery. Arterial ammonia and glutamine levels were elevated in groups that underwent portacaval shunting and portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction at all time points. At days 7 and 14, total renal ammonia production decreased in rats that underwent portacaval shunting and in rats that underwent portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction, associated with a 50% decrease in net renal glutamine uptake and strongly diminished net ammonia release into the renal vein, which was most prominent in the group that underwent portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction. Urinary ammonia excretion was similar in rats that underwent portacaval shunting and in those that underwent sham surgery but was increased more than 200% at days 7 and 14 in rats that underwent portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction. In this group, in contrast to portacaval‐shunted rats, the kidney appeared to be an organ of net ammonia disposal from the body. In separate experiments in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats, similar changes in urinary ammonia excretion were observed without changes in arterial pH, excluding an effect of anesthesia or pH on the obtained results. These results indicate that the kidney plays an important role in the metabolic adaptation to hyperammonemia during chronic liver insufficiency in the rat. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:890‐902).
Study of the Impact of International Service Outsourcing Model on Enterprise Innovation Ability

Based on the companies in the information technology industry during 2014 to 2016, the paper studies the impact of international service outsourcing model on enterprise Innovation ability. The empirical results show that undertaking international service outsourcing has a significant positive impact on enterprise Innovation ability, and the model of international service outsourcing has a significant impact on enterprise Innovation ability. Although international service outsourcing income does not have obvious influence on enterprise Innovation ability, but from the coefficient of regression results, it may suggest that the promoting effects of the three models on enterprise Innovation ability are KPO, ITO and BPO in turn. Keywords： International service outsourcing；Enterprise Innovation ability；ITO；BPO；KPO
Mitf regulation of Dia1 controls melanoma proliferation and invasiveness.

It is widely held that cells with metastatic properties such as invasiveness and expression of matrix metalloproteinases arise through the stepwise accumulation of genetic lesions arising from genetic instability and "clonal evolution. " By contrast, we show here that in melanomas invasiveness can be regulated epigenetically by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, Mitf, via regulation of the DIAPH1 gene encoding the diaphanous-related formin Dia1 that promotes actin polymerization and coordinates the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule networks at the cell periphery. Low Mitf levels lead to down-regulation of Dia1, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and increased ROCK-dependent invasiveness, whereas increased Mitf expression leads to decreased invasiveness. Significantly the regulation of Dia1 by Mitf also controls p27(Kip1)-degradation such that reduced Mitf levels lead to a p27(Kip1)-dependent G1 arrest. Thus Mitf, via regulation of Dia1, can both inhibit invasiveness and promote proliferation. The results imply variations in the repertoire of environmental cues that determine Mitf activity will dictate the differentiation, proliferative, and invasive/migratory potential of melanoma cells through a dynamic epigenetic mechanism.
Site‐dependent and state‐dependent inhibition of pruritogen‐responsive spinal neurons by scratching

The relief of itch by scratching is thought to involve inhibition of pruritogen‐responsive neurons in the spinal cord. We recorded the responses of superficial dorsal horn neurons in mice to intradermal injection of the pruritogens chloroquine and histamine. Scratching within an area 5–17 mm distant from the injection site, outside of the units’ mechanoreceptive fields (off‐site), significantly inhibited chloroquine‐evoked and histamine‐evoked responses without affecting capsaicin‐evoked firing. This is consistent with observations that scratching at a distance from a site of itch is antipruritic. In contrast, scratching directly at the injection site (within the receptive field; on‐site) had no effect on chloroquine‐evoked neuronal firing, but enhanced the same neurons’ responses to intradermal injection of the algogen capsaicin. Moreover, neuronal responses to histamine were enhanced during on‐site scratching, and this was followed by suppression of firing below baseline levels after termination of scratching. Scratching thus inhibits pruritogen‐responsive neurons in a manner that depends on the input modality (i.e. pain vs. histamine‐dependent or histamine‐independent itch) and skin location.
Honey-Medicated Dressing: Transformation of an Ancient Remedy Into Modern Therapy

Honey has been applied for medicinal purposes since ancient times. Its antibacterial effects have been established during the past few decades. Still, modern medical practitioners hesitate to apply honey for local treatment of wounds. This may be explained by the expected messiness of such local application. Moreover, secondary infectious disease may be caused by contamination of honey with microorganisms. Hence, if honey is to be applied for medicinal purposes, it has to meet certain criteria. The authors evaluated the use and safety of a honey-medicated dressing that was developed to meet these criteria in a feasibility (phase II) study featuring 60 patients with chronic (n = 21), complicated surgical (n = 23), or acute traumatic (n = 16) wounds. In all but 1 patient, it was found easy to apply, helpful in cleaning the wounds, and without side effects. Based on these results, the authors advise to subject this dressing to a randomized, double blind, phase III study.
Toward a Digital Strategy for Omnichannel Retailing

Alignment of business and information technology (IT) strategies is an important and enduring theoretical challenge for the information systems discipline, as it has been found to be associated with business performance. Prior alignment research has typically looked at alignment between IT function and business strategies at the enterprise level, and has left open the question of how alignment of business and IT resources occur across multiple functional processes. To address this gap, we conduct a longitudinal analysis of a B2B company’s journey to enact its B2C digital strategy using the dynamic capabilities lens. We develop, from our findings, a longitudinal model that shows the sequence of actions taken in the exercise of Sensing, Seizing and Transforming capabilities to develop IT and business resources that are aligned with the new digital strategy. The model reflects the dynamics of alignment in the iteration among evolving strategy, exercise of dynamic capabilities, and tensions. The creation of hybrid resources – which are a fusion of IT and business – appear to be critical because of the high integration requirements for digital strategy.
Influence of body fat on trifluralin toxicokinetics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

We previously characterized the toxicokinetics of trifluralin (TF) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and found a large steady‐state volume of distribution (Vss) that was attributed to a large, poorly perfused peripheral storage compartment. Because adipose tissue was expected to be an important peripheral storage tissue for this lipophilic herbicide, we studied its toxicokinetics in trout that differed in body fat content. Large, hatchery‐reared rainbow trout and adult summer‐run steelhead trout were fitted with an aortic cannula and given a 1‐mg/kg dose of TF. The steelhead were studied approximately 3 weeks prior to spawning and after a 9‐month fasting period. The total lipid content of the steelhead after removal of the reproductive organs averaged 1.2% of body weight, whereas that of the hatchery trout was 8%. Toxicokinetic analysis of the plasma concentration‐time profile using a three‐compartment model found the Vss in steelhead to be reduced significantly (p < 0.01) compared with the hatchery trout (1.3 vs. 5.7 L/kg). Other parameters that differed were the maximum plasma concentration, which was higher in steelhead (p < 0.05), and the elimination t1/2,β and mean residence time, which were reduced (p < 0.05) in steelhead. Although several physiological factors are probably involved, examination of the relationship between Vss and lipid content supported the hypothesis that the distribution of TF in trout was largely influenced by the lipid content of the fish.
Integrative Review on the Effectiveness of Internet‐Based Interactive Programs for Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Treatment

Problem Identification: Internet‐based interactive programs have been developed to address health needs for women with breast cancer undergoing treatment, but evidence has been inadequate to establish the effectiveness of these programs. This article aims to synthesize studies published in English or Chinese regarding the effectiveness of these programs on the outcomes of symptom distress, social support, self‐efficacy, quality of life, and psychological well‐being for women with breast cancer undergoing treatment. Literature Search: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE®, Mosby’s Nursing Index, PsycINFO®, Scopus, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane Library, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Databases were searched from the start of the database to April 2015. Data Evaluation: 174 articles were retrieved, yielding 23 eligible articles. A manual search led to an additional five eligible articles. After 10 were excluded, 3 qualitative and 15 quantitative studies were evaluated. Data were analyzed to identify similarities and differences across articles. Synthesis: Internet‐based interactive programs moderated by healthcare professionals have demonstrated positive effects on women’s self‐efficacy, symptom distress, and psychological well‐being, but inconclusive effects have been found on social support and quality of life. Conclusions: Moderated Internet‐based interactive programs are a promising intervention for women with breast cancer undergoing treatment. Implications for Research: Studies with more robust research designs and theoretical frameworks and conducted in different countries and cultures are warranted to elucidate the effectiveness of these programs.
Residual disability following acute ankle sprains.

1. A series of 133 ankle sprains with an average follow-up of twenty-seven months has been studied for residual disability subsequent to the injury.2. There was a 36 per cent. incidence of previous injury to the same ankle.3. Residual ankle symptoms were found in 33 per cent. of the patients, and pe
Towards Visual Vocabulary and Ontology-based Image Retrieval System

Several approaches have been introduced in image retrieval field. However, many limitations, such as the semantic gap, still exist. As our motivation is to improve image retrieval accuracy, this paper presents an image retrieval system based on visual vocabulary and ontology. We propose, for every query image, to build visual vocabulary and ontology based on images annotations. Image retrieval process is performed by integrating both visual and semantic features and similarities.
Efficient Isolation of Novel Human Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Activity Against HIV-1 from Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Ig Loci1

Despite considerable interest in the isolation of mAbs with potent neutralization activity against primary HIV-1 isolates, both for identifying useful targets for vaccine development and for the development of therapeutically useful reagents against HIV-1 infection, a relatively limited number of such reagents have been isolated to date. Human mAbs (hu-mAbs) are preferable to rodent mAbs for treatment of humans, but isolation of hu-mAbs from HIV-infected subjects by standard methods of EBV transformation of B cells or phage display of Ig libraries is inefficient and limited by the inability to control or define the original immunogen. An alternative approach for the isolation of hu-mAbs has been provided by the development of transgenic mice that produce fully hu-mAbs. In this report, we show that immunizing the XenoMouse G2 strain with native recombinant gp120 derived from HIVSF162 resulted in robust humoral Ab responses against gp120 and allowed the efficient isolation of hybridomas producing specific hu-mAbs directed against multiple regions and epitopes of gp120. hu-mAbs possessing strong neutralizing activity against the autologous HIVSF162 strain were obtained. The epitopes recognized were located in three previously described neutralization domains, the V2-, V3- and CD4-binding domains, and in a novel neutralization domain, the highly variable C-terminal region of the V1 loop. This is the first report of neutralizing mAbs directed at targets in the V1 region. Furthermore, the V2 and V3 epitopes recognized by neutralizing hu-mAbs were distinct from those of previously described human and rodent mAbs and included an epitope requiring a full length V3 loop peptide for effective presentation. These results further our understanding of neutralization targets for primary, R5 HIV-1 viruses and demonstrate the utility of the XenoMouse system for identifying new and interesting epitopes on HIV-1.
Calcul de la diffraction par des diedres et des prismes dielectriques ou metalliques par la theorie uniforme de la diffraction validation par des methodes exactes

L'expansion du champ d'application des radiocommunications avec les mobiles motive la mise au point d'outils theoriques de prediction de couverture de plus en plus precis. La complexite du milieu urbain, la grande dimension par rapport a la longueur d'onde des objets rencontres sur le trajet de propagation et la possibilite de pouvoir reiterer les calculs de propagation un grand nombre de fois dans un temps limite, privilegient les methodes asymptotiques hautes frequences basees sur le concept de rayon, comme l'optique geometrique et la theorie uniforme de la diffraction (tud). Afin de preciser leur domaine de validite nous les comparons a des methodes exactes comme la methode des moments (mom) et les differences finies dans le domaine temporel (fdtd). L'etude de la diffraction par un prisme metallique tridimensionnel a la fois par la tud et la mom, porte sur l'influence de la longueur de l'arete d'une part en zone proche puis en zone lointaine. Puis nous etendons l'application de la tud au diedre dielectrique en introduisant deux nouveaux termes dans le coefficient de diffraction classique de la tud, prenant en compte l'apparition du champ transmis a partir d'une limite d'ombre baptisee lot (limite d'ombre liee au champ transmis). Pour cette structure dielectrique bidimensionnelle, nous effectuons une etude parametrique. Les comparaisons avec la fdtd demontrent la validite de notre nouvelle formulation a six termes du coefficient de diffraction tant que les pertes dans la structure restent moderees. Enfin, nous etudions l'influence des effets du second ordre comme la double-diffraction et les reflexions multiples. En travaillant sur une structure a deux aretes adjacentes, nous donnons les limites d'utilisation du champ doublement diffracte. Puis en s'interessant au cas de la lame a faces paralleles nous mettons en evidence, par comparaison avec la fdtd, que l'influence des trajets multiples n'est pas negligeable dans les structures dielectriques.
Ancilla-assisted sequential approximation of nonlocal unitary operations

We consider the recently proposed "no-go" theorem of Lamata et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 180506 (2008)] on the impossibility of sequential implementation of global unitary operations with the aid of an itinerant ancillary system and view the claim within the language of Kraus representation. By virtue of an extremely useful tool for analyzing entanglement properties of quantum operations, namely, operator-Schmidt decomposition, we provide alternative proof to the no-go theorem and also study the role of initial correlations between the qubits and ancilla in sequential preparation of unitary entanglers. Despite the negative response from the no-go theorem, we demonstrate explicitly how the matrix-product operator(MPO) formalism provides a flexible structure to develop protocols for sequential implementation of such entanglers with an optimal fidelity. The proposed numerical technique, that we call variational matrix-product operator (VMPO), offers a computationally efficient tool for characterizing the "globalness" and entangling capabilities of nonlocal unitary operations.
A Case of Acute Cutaneous Graft-versus-Host Disease Mimicking Psoriasis Vulgaris

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication occurring after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is divided into acute and chronic type. Cutaneous involvement is the most frequent manifestation of acute GVHD, with maculopapular exanthema and perifollicular papular lesions. We describe the first case to develop acute cutaneous GVHD mimicking psoriasis vulgaris shortly after allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The patient’s rash resembled psoriasis vulgaris and showed histologic features of both psoriasis and acute GVHD. Despite various immunosuppressant therapies, the skin lesion was drug-resistant. Therefore, we administered psoralen-UVA (PUVA) therapy and achieved the desired therapeutic effect. As far as we know, this is the first case of psoriasiform skin eruption as a manifestation of acute GVHD.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging identifies the "clinically relevant" small-penetrator infarcts.

BACKGROUND Most patients initially seen with a clinical syndrome consistent with a small-penetrator infarct (SPI) also harbor multiple, chronic, hyperintense, white matter lesions on conventional magentic resonance imaging (ie, T2-weighted image [T2WI] and fluid-attenuation inversion recovery [FLAIR] imaging). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can identify the clinically relevant "index infarction" in such circumstances, since it differentiates between acute and chronic lesions. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and radiological predictors associated with misidentification of an SPI as acute using T2WI and FLAIR images in patients with an acute SPI seen on DWI. PATIENTS Sixty-seven consecutive patients who had an SPI. METHODS Two independent examiners, provided with brief clinical information, but blinded to DWI findings, sought a clinically appropriate lesion on T2WI and FLAIR imaging in 67 consecutive patients found to have an SPI seen on DWI. RESULTS The index infarction based on evaluation of T2WI or FLAIR images was in a different location than the acute lesion as identified by DWI in 9 (13%) and 11 (16%) of 67 patients, respectively. Both T2WI and FLAIR imaging were rated normal in another 9% of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that small lesion size (<10 mm) was the only predictor of misidentifying the clinically appropriate lesion on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS T2-weighted imaging and FLAIR imaging fail to identify the clinically relevant SPI in almost one quarter of the patients found to have a lesion on DWI. The characteristics of DWI make it well suited for the detection of acute small infarcts. Diffusion-weighted imaging is necessary to consistently define the clinical-anatomical relations in patients initially seen with SPIs.
Malnutrition decreases the odds of attaining motor milestones in HIV exposed children: results from a paediatric DREAM cohort.

OBJECTIVE HIV and malnutrition are the two major causes of infant mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study describes the impact of malnutrition on motor milestone development in HIV-exposed children. DESIGN Randomized community intervention trial (SMAC, Safe Milk for African Children). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Growth, motor development, and malnutrition were assessed in a sample of 76 HIV-exposed children, aged 0-24 months, at the Blantyre Dream Centre in Malawi. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed growth and selected motor milestone achievement in agreement with WHO/UNICEF criteria. Odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals were calculated according to motor milestones and malnutrition indices. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with 18 months data. RESULTS High rates of malnutrition were observed. Underweight increased by 6.7/9.2 and 3.2/5.5 the odds of not standing alone and not walking alone at 15 and 18 months. Stunting increased by 9.7 the odds of not standing alone at 11 months and by 6.1 the odds of not walking alone at 18 months. Wasting increased by 5.5/10.3 the odds for not walking with assistance at 12 and 18 months. Low weight for age was associated with delay in walking at 18 months (HR=2.9). CONCLUSION Malnutrition in HIV-exposed children decreases the likelihood of adequate development.
A second-order sigma-delta modulator with built-in VGA to improve SNR and harmonic distortion

A modified architecture of the second-order switched capacitor modulator is proposed. A simple four-transistor variable gain attenuator is included in the architecture which continuously adjusts the reference voltage of the quantizer feedback. This improves the output SNR for small signal input and reduces the harmonic distortion for large signal input. Simulation results show that it achieves higher dynamic range and lower harmonic distortions compared with the traditional architecture.