Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What parents think of fever.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess knowledge, perception and management of fever by parents. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire survey among 392 parents of children attending locally a paediatric clinic at The Royal Oldham Hospital. The main outcome measures were answers to questions covering a variety of aspects of the knowledge, perception and management of fever by parents. RESULTS Almost half the parents used a liquid crystal forehead thermometer. Most could not use a glass thermometer. Thirty per cent did not know normal body temperature and would have treated children with a temperature below 38 degrees C. Sixty-four per cent treated fever with both paracetamol and tepid sponging. Most parents awakened children at night for antipyretics. Eighty-one per cent thought that untreated fever was most likely to cause fits or brain damage and 7% thought it could cause death. CONCLUSION Parents perceive fever as being dangerous. They have a poor knowledge and measure it inaccurately. Needless consultations and hospital admissions could be avoided by a change in perception.
Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in the Genus Flaveria: How Many and Which Genes Does It Take to Make C4?[W]

We carried out a comparative transcriptome analysis in leaves of five closely related C3, C4, and C3-C4 intermediate Flaveria species to gain insight into the extent to which gene expression patterns were altered in the evolutionary progression from C3 to C4. The comparative analysis indicates that C4 evolution affected far more biological functions than only photosynthesis. Selective pressure exerted by a massive decline in atmospheric CO2 levels 55 to 40 million years ago promoted the evolution of a novel, highly efficient mode of photosynthetic carbon assimilation known as C4 photosynthesis. C4 species have concurrently evolved multiple times in a broad range of plant families, and this multiple and parallel evolution of the complex C4 trait indicates a common underlying evolutionary mechanism that might be elucidated by comparative analyses of related C3 and C4 species. Here, we use mRNA-Seq analysis of five species within the genus Flaveria, ranging from C3 to C3-C4 intermediate to C4 species, to quantify the differences in the transcriptomes of closely related plant species with varying degrees of C4-associated characteristics. Single gene analysis defines the C4 cycle enzymes and transporters more precisely and provides new candidates for yet unknown functions as well as identifies C4 associated pathways. Molecular evidence for a photorespiratory CO2 pump prior to the establishment of the C4 cycle-based CO2 pump is provided. Cluster analysis defines the upper limit of C4-related gene expression changes in mature leaves of Flaveria as 3582 alterations.
A PageRank-based reputation model for personalised manufacturing service recommendation

ABSTRACT The number of manufacturing services for cross-enterprise business collaborations is increasing rapidly because of the explosive growth of Web service technologies. This trend demands intelligent and robust models to address information overload in order to enable efficient discovery of manufacturing services. In this paper, we present a personalised manufacturing service recommendation approach, which combines a PageRank-based reputation model and a collaborative filtering technique in a unified framework for recommending the right manufacturing services to an active service user for supply chain deployment. The novel aspect of this research is adapting the PageRank algorithm to a network of service-oriented multi-echelon supply chain in order to determine both user reputation and service reputation. In addition, it explores the use of these methods in alleviating data sparsity and cold start problems that hinder traditional collaborative filtering techniques. A case study is conducted to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach in recommending the right manufacturing services to active service users.
Judicial reforms in India : issues and aspects

Vulnerability to poverty is clearly linked to the Poor's access to primary entitlements, which in turn depends on a functioning 'public realm'. Justice and judicial reforms are central to this. Policy-making for an efficient and citizen-oriented judiciary in India has always lacked a comprehensive approach. The 'piece meal' initiatives hitherto initiated never became imbedded. The essays in the book articulates for the very first time for India, a wide-ranging judicial reform agenda that includes improvements in judicial governance, its linkages to economic growth, alternate dispute resolution, human resource development in the judicial branches, the use of IT, legal education, judicial and non-judicial training, and funding civil society initiatives for legal empowerment. Every essay forms a vital arm in the area of Judicial Reforms. However, the trajectory of suggested judicial reforms echoes the classic law and development movement bypassing the legal profession, which is less by design and more by default.
A comparison of three preinduction cervical priming methods: prostaglandin E2 gel, Dilapan S rods and Estradiol gel.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of three cervical priming methods. From January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1996 247 patients presenting an indication for induction of labor with an unripe cervix were randomly assigned to one of the following preinduction protocols: 0.5 mg of Prostaglandin E2 gel administered intracervically (n = 83), four hygroscopic Dilapan S rods applied intracervically (n = 82), and 150 mg of Estradiol gel administered intravaginally (n = 82). The inclusion criteria were the patient's informed consent, singleton pregnancy of more than 36 weeks, cephalic presentation, Bishop score < 5 points and reactive non-stress test. If the cervical maturation (Bishop score > or = 5, and/or Bishop score augmentation by 2 points) did not occur after 14 hours of priming, the case was considered a failure. In the opposite case the patient was induced by means of extraamniotic PGE2 administration. The mean gain in the Bishop score was 3.7 points in the PGE2 group 3.9 points in the Dilapan S group, and 2.8 points in the Estradiol group. 71 patients (85.5%) were successfully preinduced in the PGE2 group, 73 (89.0%) in the Dilapan S group, and 63 (76.8%) in the Estradiol group. Labor was induced by preinduction only in 23 patients (31.3%) of the PGE2 group in 17 (20.7%) of the Dilapan S group, and in 14 (17.1%) of the Estradiol group. The mean induction to delivery interval was 7 h 27 min in PGE2 group, 7 h 49 min in the Dilapan S group and 9 h 15 min in the Estradiol group. The Caesarean section rate was 24.4% in the PGE2 group, 10.5% in the Dilapan S group, and 24.4% in the Estradiol group. PGE2 gel and Dilapan S rods proved higher efficacy than Estradiol gel. The highest frequency of labor induced by preinduction only was in the PGE2 group. There were shorter induction to delivery intervals in the PGE2, and Dilapan S groups. The lowest Caesarean section rate was in the Dilapan S group. Neither serious side effects nor negative neonatal outcome were noted in either group.
UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO OLOMOUC Filozofická fakulta Katedra politologie a evropských studií

Political parties in Czech Republic are more complying with marketing oriented campaign rules. They are using political marketing tools in order to better address their voters, and effectively create their political programs. The bachelor thesis looks into the usage of selected marketing tools – research of political market, segmentation, targeting and positioning. This theoretical framework is summarized and then applied on the TOP 09 s electoral campaign during the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in 2010 and 2013. The biggest part of the analysis is dedicated to the segmentation where TOP 09 s voters are divided by geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral criteria’s. TOP 09 s conduct towards defined segments and placement during electoral campaign in 2013 is treated here in the context of use other marketing tools – targeting and positioning. During electoral campaign of 2013 TOP 09 succeeded to retain established position of a right wing party by incorporating marketing tools in hand.
Role of the urate transporter SLC2A9 gene in susceptibility to gout in New Zealand Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian case-control sample sets.

OBJECTIVE To examine the role of genetic variation in the renal urate transporter SLC2A9 in gout in New Zealand sample sets of Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian ancestry and to determine if the Māori and Pacific Island samples could be useful for fine-mapping. METHODS Patients (n= 56 Māori, 69 Pacific Island, and 131 Caucasian) were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics and satisfied the American College of Rheumatology criteria for gout. The control samples comprised 125 Māori subjects, 41 Pacific Island subjects, and 568 Caucasian subjects without arthritis. SLC2A9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs16890979 (V253I), rs5028843, rs11942223, and rs12510549 were genotyped (possible etiologic variants in Caucasians). RESULTS Association of the major allele of rs16890979, rs11942223, and rs5028843 with gout was observed in all sample sets (P = 3.7 x 10(-7), 1.6 x 10(-6), and 7.6 x 10(-5) for rs11942223 in the Māori, Pacific Island, and Caucasian samples, respectively). One 4-marker haplotype (1/1/2/1; more prevalent in the Māori and Pacific Island control samples) was not observed in a single gout case. CONCLUSION Our data confirm a role of SLC2A9 in gout susceptibility in a New Zealand Caucasian sample set, with the effect on risk (odds ratio >2.0) greater than previous estimates. We also demonstrate association of SLC2A9 with gout in samples of Māori and Pacific Island ancestry and a consistent pattern of haplotype association. The presence of both alleles of rs16890979 on susceptibility and protective haplotypes in the Māori and Pacific Island sample is evidence against a role for this nonsynonymous variant as the sole etiologic agent. More extensive linkage disequilibrium in Māori and Pacific Island samples suggests that Caucasian samples may be more useful for fine-mapping.
94-GHz Band High-Gain and Low-Noise Amplifier Using InP-HEMTs for Passive Millimeter Wave Imager

This paper describes 94-GHz band low-noise and high-gain amplifier MMICs using InP HEMTs, which have been developed for passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging. To achieve a high gain with low noise performance, we propose a new stabilizing technique for the amplifier. The measured noise figure was 3.2 dB and the gain was 33 dB. In addition, we developed a PMMW imager using this amplifier. We also demonstrated an example of a millimeter-wave image acquired by the PMMW imager.
Commercial Bank Credit Risk Assessment Method Based on Improved SVM

Credit risk evaluation is the basic work of commercial bank's credit risk management, which goal is to analyze the credit risk of the bank. Support vector machines ensemble has been proposed to improve classification performance recently. However, currently used fusion strategies do not evaluate the importance degree of the output of individual component SVM classifier when combining the component predictions to the final decision. A SVM ensemble method based on fuzzy integral is presented in this paper to deal with this problem. This method aggregates the outputs of separate component SVMs which is given different weights by means of fuzzy integral. The experiment results show that the result of fuzzy integral support vector machines is satisfactory.
The management of postoperative infections after spinal instrumentation

cal instrumentation of the vertebral column have emerged for a number of spinal pathologies including fractures and degenerative and neoplastic diseases.2,19,22,23,25 The inherent advantages of a number of instrumentation systems include immediate stabilization of the spine, which permits more rapid mobilization of the patient; correction of deformities; and maintenance and reconstruction of the spine after decompressive surgery. The potential hazards that result from the application of rigid internal fixation must also be appreciated by spinal surgeons; these include, among others, hardware failure and neurological injury. Infections may develop after any surgical procedure, and the management of this complication in the setting of spinal instrumentation is critical in providing appropriate postoperative care to these patients. The incidence of wound infection after spinal surgery without instrumentation is relatively low. In an era in which antibiotic prophylaxis before spine surgery has become relatively routine, the incidence of infection after lumbar discectomy or laminectomy is approximately 1%. 9,12 The use of spinal instrumentation clearly increases the risk for postoperative soft-tissue infections, and recent estimates from retrospective reviews range from 2.1 to 8.5%. 1,5,14,16,17 A number of well-recognized risk factors for the development of postoperative wound infections are inextricably linked to the insertion of spinal instrumentation.4,11,17 The recognition of such potential factors will permit their reduction and, consequently, may diminish the incidence of wound infections. Given the wider application of spinal instrumentation in neurosurgery over the last 10 years, the management of related postoperative infections has become increasingly important. The major objectives of this study were to review retrospectively the clinical characteristics, operative management, and outcome of postoperative infections in patients with spinal instrumentation over a 2.5year period at a single institution.
Is labor mobility a prerequisite for an optimal currency area? Labor mobility and …scal policy in a currency union

Labor mobility is commonly taken as a property of an optimal currency area. But how does that property aect the outcome of …scal poli- cies? We address this issue with a two country -two period model, where both asymmetric and symmetric productivity shocks may hit the countries. We show that perfect (costless) labour mobility is not necessarily welfare improv- ing, since it prevents the national …scal authorities from pursuing indepen- dent policies, opening the way to a coordination problem between them, which is particularly relevant when the two countries dier for their intertemporal preferences. With symmetric shocks, the federal …scal policy can improve wel- fare over national policies by playing a coordinating role. With asymmetric shocks, the federal …scal policy allows both countries to reach a higher pro- ductive e¢ ciency; to do that, the federal government must be endowed with a federal budget, playing a stronger role than plain coordination between coun- tries. When mobility is costly, a federal budget is needed to reach Pareto e¢ ciency even in presence of symmetric shocks.
A slotted waveguide based MIMO antenna system for wireless access points

In this work, a slotted rectangular waveguide (SRWG) with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna configuration for wireless access points is presented. The MIMO antenna system consists of 4 elements and operates from 5 to 6 GHz. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to find the optimized position of the slots. A gain of 13.2 dB was obtained over the whole band. The dimensions of the waveguide (WG) were considered according to a standard WG WR159. The Size of a single element WG was 40.38 × 20.1 × 308.06 mm3. The beam of the antenna was tilted by 15°, while the side lobe level (SLL) on average over the whole band was 14.25 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the MIMO design was 0.002 which represents highly uncorrelated beams.
THE LOCALIZATION OF ARYL SULFATASE ACTIVITY IN THYROID FOLLICLE CELLS

The localization of aryl sulfatase activity in thyroid follicle cells was studied with cytochemical techniques both on the light and the electron microscopic level. Twenty male rats received thyroxine to suppress the thyroid activity. To 10 of these animals, thyrotropic hormone (TSH) was given 15-140 min before sacrifice. In both experimental groups, there was dense precipitation indicating aryl sulfatase activity in the cytosomes. In the TSH-stimulated group colloid droplets were observed. These did not show aryl sulfatase activity, not even after prolonged incubation. The number of enzyme-containing bodies in the cytoplasm seemed to decrease after TSH-stimulation, probably because of fusion of colloid droplets with preexisting cytosomes. The lack of enzyme activity in colloid droplets is discussed and some possible explanations are offered.
Interacting with adults with congenital deafblindness: The experiences of disability support workers

Abstract Background This study aimed to gain greater insight into the perspectives of staff on their interactions with adults with congenital deafblindness in light of the research literature reporting these interactions to be lacking in quality and quantity. Method Data from interviews with 8 disability support workers were analysed using the approach described by Charmaz (2006). Results Three key themes emerged from the interview data, which support and elaborate on findings of previous studies. These were (1) the construction of client happiness, (2) the rationalisation of client disengagement, and (3) imperatives of the staff role. These findings elucidate the reasons for staff behaviour in their interactions with adults with congenital deafblindness. Conclusion The findings suggest the need for staff policy and procedural documents to be explicit about the importance of social interaction between staff and clients.
Implementing the Modified 2009 American Thyroid Association Risk Stratification System in Thyroid Cancer Patients with Low and Intermediate Risk of Recurrence.

OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to validate the proposed modified 2009 American Thyroid Association Risk Stratification System (M-2009-RSS) in patients with thyroid cancer and to compare the findings with those of the 2009 ATA Risk of Recurrence (2009 ATA-RR) and the Ongoing Risk of recurrence system. The secondary purpose was to assess which risk stratification system had the best predictive value to foresee the probability of structural incomplete response or the no evidence of disease (NED) status at the end of follow-up. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This retrospective review included 149 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who had low and intermediate 2009 ATA-RR and were treated at a single experienced center and followed-up for a median of 6 years (range 3-12 years). Each patient was risk stratified using both the 2009 ATA-RR and the M-2009-RSS. The primary endpoints were 1) the best response to initial therapy defined as either excellent response, biochemical or structural incomplete response, or indeterminate response; 2) clinical status at final follow-up defined as either NED, biochemical incomplete response, structural incomplete response, indeterminate response, or recurrence (biochemical or structural disease identified after a period of NED), and 3) ongoing RR defined as low or high risk according several outcomes after initial treatment. RESULTS Mean age of included patients was 45.3±13 years. Both the ATA 2009-RR and the M-2009-RSS provided clinically meaningful graded estimates with regard to the status of NED at the end of follow-up in low-risk patients (84% for 2009 ATA-RR and 74% for M-2009-RSS) or the likelihood of having persistent structural disease (0% for 2009 ATA RR and 3.6% for the M-2009-RSS). When patients were classified as low risk, the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) to predict structural disease was 0% and 88.7% for the 2009 ATA-RR, 3.6% and 86.5% for the M-2009-RSS, and 1.6% and 68.2% for the ongoing RR (p=0.022 and 0.055 of chi-square test for PPV and NPV, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite expanding the definition of low risk to include small-volume lymph node metastases, minor extrathyroidal extension, and minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer, the M-2009-RSS predicts clinical outcomes (structural incomplete response and NED at the end of follow-up) that are very similar to the previously validated 2009 ATA RR classification system.
Transient ultrastructural variations of pulmonary lymphatic capillaries during the respiratory cycle of the rat lung

The effect of respiratory movements on the endothelial wall of lung lymphatic capillaries was investigated by a morphometric study of their ultrastructure using a rodent model. The juxta‐alveolar lymphatic capillaries from lungs were fixed in the inflated phase by vascular perfusion with aldehydes and compared to those from lungs fixed in a deflated phase. Important quantitative differences in lymphatic endothelial wall architecture were observed between the two states. The most salient finding was a marked reduction of the mean endothelium thickness from 320 ± 55 nm in deflated lungs to 210 ± 36 nm (P<.01) in inflated lungs. The endothelial attenuation observed with inflated lungs was accompanied by a reduced frequency of interdigitation, the intricate pattern of intercellular contact (P<.02), and a decreased number of lumenal and ablumenal endothelial projections (P<.05). Despite these important variations in the dilated lymphatic capillaries, no typical open junctions (>30 nm) were found among 105 intercellular contacts. The vesicular system varied slightly after lung inflation. Dilated capillaries showed a significant reduction in cytoplasmic vesicles during inspiration (P<.01); however, the observed increases in lumenal and ablumenal vesicles were not found to be significant. As for numerical density and vesicular diameter, the fraction of cytoplasm occupied by the vesicles remains unchanged. Contrary to previous assumptions, these results suggest that intercellular clefts are not widened to the extent of open junctions (>30 nm) by the mechanical movement of inspiration in normal lungs. Moreover, transient changes to the endothelial architecture seem to preclude any excessive widening of the intercellular cleft.
Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability.

INTRODUCTION Bacteria produce cell walls with the exception of mycoplasmas, and the cell wall component common to all eubacteria is the murein, or the peptidoglycan, which contributes mechanical rigidity. All gram-negative bacteria contain an additional layer in the cell wall structure, i.e., the outer membrane, which is located outside the peptidoglycan layer and shows up as a trilaminar structure on the electron micrographs of thin sections of these bacteria (84). It is becoming increasingly clear that the outer membrane is very important in the physiology of gram-negative bacteria in making them resistant to host defense factors such as lysozyme, P-lysin, and various leukocyte proteins, which
Caspase-3 cleaves the expanded androgen receptor protein of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy in a polyglutamine repeat length-dependent manner.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is one of a group of human inherited neurodegenerative diseases caused by polyglutamine expansion. There is increasing evidence that generation of truncated proteins containing an expanded polyglutamine tract may be an important step in the pathogenesis of these disorders. We have previously demonstrated that the SBMA gene product, the androgen receptor (AR) protein, is toxic when truncated. We now report that in vitro translated full-length AR proteins containing different sized polyglutamine repeats (24, 65 and 97 repeats, respectively) are specifically cleaved by recombinant caspase-3, liberating a polyglutamine containing fragment, and that the susceptibility to cleavage is polyglutamine repeat length-dependent. These findings suggest that AR protein is one of the "death substrates" cleaved by caspase-3 and that caspase-3 might be involved in the pathogenesis of SBMA.