Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency-Dependent-Light-Shift Suppression in Light Narrowing Regimes

Alkali-metal-vapor magnetometers, using coherent precession of polarized atomic spins for magnetic field measurement, have become one of the most sensitive magnetic field detectors. Their application areas range from practical uses such as detections of NMR signals, to fundamental physics researches such as searches for the permanent electric dipole moments. One of the main noise sources of the atomic magnetometers comes from the light shift that dependent on the frequency of the pump laser. In this work, we theoretically study the light shift, based on the master equation, taking into account the relaxation due to the optical pumping and the collision between the alkali atoms and between the alkali atom and the buffer gas. To speed up the numerical simulation, and more importantly, to acquire the intuitive picture, we adiabatically eliminate the excited states and obtain an effective master equation in the ground state subspace. This effective master equation shows that in the light narrowing regime, where the line width is reduced while the coherent precession signal is enhanced, the frequency-dependency of the light shift is largely suppressed. Our theoretical predictions agree with the experimental results in cesium magnetometers.
A ROBUST FACE RECOGNITION APPROACH THROUGH DIFFERENT LOCAL FEATURES

In this paper, we proposed method is a robust face recognition approach through different local features has been implemented. We used YALE face database in this paper. First the images are partitioned into different sub bands using discrete wavelet transform. Kernel methods are widely used for to extract the features from the different sub bands for non linear methods. sub band methods are used for extract the local features from the all sub bands. Then the all local features are formed as global features to improve the recognition efficiency. As compared to linear methods most of the researchers use non linear methods for real time applications. In this paper we proposed face recognition approach through different local features gives better results as compared to existing techniques
First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

Abstract. Atmospheric trace elements, especially metal species, are an emerging environmental and health concern with insufficient understanding of their levels and sources in Shanghai, the most important industrial megacity in China. Here we continuously performed a 1 year (from March 2016 to February 2017) and hourly resolved measurement of 18 elements in fine particles (PM2.5) at the Shanghai urban center with an Xact multi-metals monitor and several collocated instruments. Mass concentrations (mean ± 1σ; ng m−3) determined by Xact ranged from detection limits (nominally 0.1 to 20 ng m−3) to 15 µg m−3. Element-related oxidized species comprised an appreciable fraction of PM2.5 during all seasons, accounting for 8.3 % on average. As a comparison, the atmospheric elements concentration level in Shanghai was comparable with that in other industrialized cities in East Asia but 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than at sites in North America and Europe. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify and apportion the sources of the elements in the PM2.5 mass. Five different factors were resolved (notable elements and relative contribution in parentheses): traffic-related (Ca, Fe, Ba, Si; 46 %), shipping (V, Ni; 6 %), nonferrous metal smelting (Ag, Cd, Au; 15 %), coal combustion (As, Se, Hg, Pb; 18 %) and ferrous metal smelting (Cr, Mn, Zn; 15 %). The contribution from the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions, i.e., the traffic-related factor shows a strong bimodal diurnal profile with average concentration over 2 times higher during the rush hour than during nighttime. The shipping factor was firmly identified because V and Ni, two recognized tracers of shipping emissions, are almost exclusively transported from the East China Sea and their ratio (around 3.2) falls within the variation range of V ∕ Ni ratios in particles emitted from heavy oil combustion. Interestingly, nearly half of the K was derived from coal combustion with high mineral affinity (elements associated with aluminosilicates, carbonates and other minerals in coal ash). The contributions of nonferrous metal smelting to the trace elements are consistent with a newly developed emission inventory. Although the precipitation scavenging effect on the mass concentration of the trace elements varied among different species and sources, precipitation could effectively lower the concentration of the traffic- and coal combustion-related trace elements. Therefore, water spray to simulate natural types of precipitation could be one of the abatement strategies to facilitate the reduction of ambient PM2.5 trace elements in the urban atmosphere. Collectively, our findings in this study provide baseline levels and sources of trace elements with high detail, which are needed for developing effective control strategies to reduce the high risk of acute exposure to atmospheric trace elements in China's megacities.
A Qualitative Study of Indistinguishability Obfuscation

Context Software obfuscation is a code transformation which aims to make a computer program “unintelligible” while preserving its functionality. A recent breakthrough in the formal study of obfuscation is presented by Garg et al. [1]. They propose a candidate indistinguishability obfuscation approach, which is applicable to all polynomial-size log-depth circuits and is based on multi-linear jigsaw puzzles (a simplified variant of multi-linear maps). This work promises to be ground-breaking since Goldwasser and Rothblum have proven that indistinguishability obfuscators achive the notion of best-possible obfuscation [2].
Behavior of Engineering Students in Kuwait University

: This study is concerned with the behavior of engineering students in Kuwait University which became a concern due to the global issues of education in all levels. A survey has been conducted to identify academic and societal issues that affect the engineering student performance through. The study is drawing major conclusions with regard to private tutoring and the online availability of textbooks’ solution manuals.
Investigations into Quantum Resonance and Anti-Resonance of Cold Rb 87 Atoms Interacting with an Optical Moving Standing Wave

Context. By creating a small frequency difference between the two counter-propagating lasers in our optical trap, we can transform our experiment from an interaction between the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) atoms and a standing wave to an interaction with a moving standing wave. With this new setup we can explore the quantum resonances and anti-resonances of the δ-kicked rotor, which is an important example of quantum chaos. Aims. The goal of this paper is to exhibit the quantum resonances and anti-resonances of our Rubidium 87 atoms when they interact with a moving standing wave and to compare these data results with the theoretical expectations of the experiment, for different initial parameters. Methods. We generated a kicking pulse sequence that interacts with our cold cloud of Rb87 atoms. We then varied the number of kicks, the frequency difference between the counter-propagating waves that make up the pulse sequence and the free period between kicks in the pulse sequence to observe quantum resonances and anti-resonances for these different parameters. Results. We detected quantum resonances and anti-resonances for both 2 and 4 kicks, for a frequency difference from 0kHz to 30.16kHz, and for a free period difference of 33. 15μs, 66. 3μs, and 99. 45μs. We compared these results with our theoretical predictions.
Thermal comfort in vehicles

Everyday people spend much time in vehicles. Either riding or driving has become a part of our life. A comfortable thermal sensation brought on occupants contributes a lot to our life and work. On the contrast, a bad and uncomfortable thermal environment may get human ill and even risk their life. In this paper author takes the interest of some real feelings about thermal comfort while riding or driving. And out of consideration for a better vehicular thermal environment author construct this paper by using the method of literature review, trying to give readers a basic description about “what the thermal comfort in vehicles is and how to achieve a thermal comfort level. The paper is mainly focused on the private car; the other types of vehicles will be shortly discussed as well. The former question will be explained by introducing the basic thermal comfort theories which including Fanger’s thermal comfort model and thermal parameters in cars. In addition, other factors will also be given which contribute to achieve thermal comfort like running smoothness, low noise, fresh air and good driving performance etc. Comparing with indoor climate, the vehicular thermal environment is transient and inhomogeneous and this situation may even worse in urban-bus and railway than that in private cars. Thus it is complex to make measurements and evaluation. In the part of thermal comfort research, two major methods of thermal comfort measurements will be described, namely thermal comfort test and numerical simulation. These researches will help to guide and improve the design of the vehicles and HVAC system. Meanwhile through the short description about the dissimilarities in urban bus, urban railway and aircraft comparing with private cars let the readers know what the thermal environment in these vehicles is. The following part is an extension of the first part. Through the research of thermal environment and its improvements, the HVAC system was built to contribute a satisfying thermal environment. The latter question will be explained by introducing the HVAC system which including the basic principle, its functions and problems. As a result readers have a basic understand about how the HVAC system works and how could the thermal comfort be affected. At the end the conclusion and foreground of the paper will be given. QIAO ZHOU Thermal Comfort In Vehicles
Diabetes Screening in Rural Appalachian Population by Ocular Scatter Measurement

Diabetes is a clinical syndrome characterized by a disorder in the metabolism of carbohydrates, caused by a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia affects critically not only the eye, whose prime effect is diabetic retinopathy, but also a number of organs, such as the kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels [2,3]. Worldwide, diabetes has a significant impact due to its increased prevalence and high mortality rate. A prospective study shows that in developed countries there will be an 11% increase in the adult population, a 27% increase in the prevalence of adult diabetes, and a 42% increase in the number of people with diabetes, while for developing countries there will be an 82% increase in the adult population, a 48% increase in the prevalence of adult diabetes, and a 170% increase in the number of people with diabetes, between the years 1995 and 2025 [4]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2030 diabetes-affected people may reach 366 million world-wide, the International Diabetes Federation states that the prevalence of diabetes will be 10% and the number of people with diabetes will rise to 552 million people by 2030 [5,6].
Chondritic Meteorites and the High-Temperature Nebular Origins of Their Components

We present an overview of the chondrite groups focusing on the major constraints that can be derived on thermal history of silicates in the solar nebula from the mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic properties of the components in the least-altered chondrites. Recent advances in developing a chronology for the formation of CAIs and chondrules and plausible models for their oxygen isotopic compositions provide the basis for understanding their origin. Evidence from short-lived and long-lived isotopes, oxygen isotopes, nuclear isotopic effects and petrologic studies all suggest that refractory inclusions and grains were the first solids to form in the protosolar disk, probably within a period of <0.3 Myr, when the protosun was accreting rapidly (possibly as a class 0 or I protostar). Refractory inclusions formed in an O-rich, reducing environment of near-solar composition, <10 bar pressure, and temperatures >1300 K. Most chondrules appear to have formed 1-3 Myr after refractory inclusions, when the protosun was accreting more slowly. Chondrules in a single chondrite group probably formed over a much shorter period. Several types of chondrules formed under diverse conditions that were generally more oxidizing with lower ambient temperatures and higher total pressures or high dust/gas ratios, so that liquids were stable for hours. Formation of type I chondrules involved melting, evaporation, condensation, and accretion of solid, partly melted and completely melted materials. Chondrite matrices are mixtures of materials that probably formed in diverse locations in the solar nebula and traces of presolar materials. Matrices in pristine carbonaceous chondrites are largely composed of crystalline Mg-rich silicates (forsterite and enstatite) and amorphous Fe-Mg silicate. The cooling rates, composition, and structure of the Mg-rich silicates suggest that they probably condensed during heating events that formed chondrules. The near-solar composition of the matrix implies that the amorphous silicates have similar origins and that gas and dust were not separated during condensation. Comets and chondritic, porous interplanetary dust particles have more pre-solar material than chondrites, but also contain abundant forsterite and enstatite crystals resembling those in matrices of primitive chondrite matrices. The associated amorphous silicate is Fe-rich suggesting that the Mg-rich silicates may have formed by nebular condensation rather than by annealing. Since forsterite and enstatite are abundant around many protostars, the processes that heated silicate dust in the solar nebula may be common to other protostellar disks.
Carbon dioxide releases from wastewater treatment: potential use in the UK

Power consumption by the UK water industry has increased as a result of the introduction of new quality standards; the annual (2008/2009) carbon dioxide output was reported at 5·1 Mt. Biogenic output of carbon dioxide for the sector was calculated to be about 2 Mt. The strategies available to the water industry for reducing carbon footprint are increased use of renewable energy, principally anaerobic digestion, using less power and methods for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This paper reports on work sponsored by UK Water Industry Research to examine methods for capturing and utilising carbon dioxide from wastewater treatment. The review has concluded that bioconversion and biofixation using algae and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis are the most promising methods for utilising carbon dioxide. These technologies would readily integrate into existing industry flow sheets and both increase biogas production and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Coastal Impacts Due to Sea-Level Rise

Author Posting. © Annual Reviews, 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 36 (2008): 601-647, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth. 35.031306. 140139.
Comparación del patrón de apoyo metatarsal entre sujetos sanos y portadores de prótesis total de rodilla

Las articulaciones de la extremidad inferior forman una cadena cinemática y tanto desde el punto de vista normal como patológico se influyen mutuamente. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar las características del apoyo plantar en 100 pacientes subsidiarios de prótesis total de rodilla que presentan trastornos en la alineación del miembro antes y después de la corrección del eje de la extremidad que supone la cirugía. Además se compara el patrón de apoyo metatarsal con sujetos sanos de características antropométricas similares (grupo control).
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BETA VULGARIS LINN. ROOTS

The present study deals with evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Beta Vulgaris roots. The ethanolic extract was subjected to screen for antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging method. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by using carageenan induced rat paw edema method. The tested extract of different dilutions in range 200 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml shows activity in range of 4.34% to 18.55%. The extract shows prominent anti-inflammatory activity as compared to that of standard (Ibuprofen gel). The extract shows good anti-inflammatory activity on carageenan induced rat paw edema method.
PHYSIOLOGICAL , BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON SALT TOLERANCE OF BULGARIAN 6-ROW BARLEY CULTIVARS

Soil salinization is among the major crop yield limiting factors in modern agriculture. Excessive irrigation and climate changes are among the main factors leading to increased salinity in previously unaffected areas, including the Balkan Peninsula and Bulgaria. The identification of salt tolerant cereal crops is essential for utilization of the salinized agricultural areas. Several approaches (physiological, biochemical and molecular) have been considered as important tools for identification of more tolerant cultivars and lines of cereal crops, including barley. The photosynthetic activity and the membrane stability of 4 Bulgarian 6-row barley cultivars IZ Bori, Aheloj2, Bozhin and Vesletc, grown under 250mM NaCl for 10 days, was estimated by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage. Salt treatment of barley plants at the third leaf stage showed stability of the photosystem II (PSII), as evaluated from chlorophyll fluorescence data. However, some parameters such as ratio of fluorescence decay (Rfd), proportion of light not used for photochemistry (LNU) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) changed and these changes depend on the duration of the salt treatment and the genetic potential of barley cultivars. Electrolyte leakage measurement showed genotype variation in the response to salt stress. The photosynthetic apparatus and the membrane stability of the cultivar IZ Bori were found to be much more tolerant to salt treatment, compared with the remaining cultivars, with the lowest one for cv. Vesletc and Aheloj2. Among the biochemical markers used for studying the response to salt stress, the antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidases, catalases, superoxide dismutases and glutathione reductases were used as indicators of tolerance to oxidative stress induced during the initial stage of the salt stress in two of barley cultivars (Bozhin and IZ Bori). Enzyme profiles showed several isoforms associated with salt stress response in both cultivars as well as with higher salt stress tolerance of IZ Bori. Molecular markers such as SSRs previously shown to be located near to some QTLs expressed under abiotic stress showed specific grouping of the four cultivars in 2 subclusters of the constructed UPGMA dendrogram which is in a correspondence with the physiological analysis. The SSR analysis, enzyme profiling, the photochemical activity of PSII and electrolyte leakage measurements revealed considerable differences between the genotypes under salinity stress which suggests the presence of genetic variation and the possibility of selection for salinity tolerant genotypes. ÑÅËÅÊÖÈÎÍÍÎ-ÃÅÍÅÒÈ×ÍÈ ÈÇÑËÅÄÂÀÍÈß ÏÐÈ ÏÎËÑÊÈ ÊÓËÒÓÐÈ
Radical Decentralization: Does Community-Driven Development Work?

Classic arguments for decentralization, augmented by ideas about how participation empowers the poor, motivate the widely used approach in foreign aid called community-driven development (CDD). CDD devolves control over the selection, implementation, and financial management of public goods to communities. Until recently, policy enthusiasm has outstripped the evidence. I synthesize findings from randomized controlled trials and find that CDD effectively delivers public goods and modest economic returns at low cost in difficult environments. There is little evidence, however, that CDD transforms local decision making or empowers the poor in any enduring way. Part of this failure may be because some constraints believed to be important—like insufficient social capital—appear not to bind. Others, like exclusive local institutions, are a problem, although not one that CDD remedies. These results present a conundrum: How much participation is enough to safeguard the gains of such extreme decentralization while minimizing the opportunity costs imposed on poor people's time?
A proof of Lusztig's conjectures for affine type G2 with arbitrary parameters

We prove Lusztig's conjectures P1 – P15 for the affine Weyl group of type G∼2 for all choices of parameters. Our approach to compute Lusztig's a ‐function is based on the notion of a ‘balanced system of cell representations’ for the Hecke algebra. We show that for arbitrary Coxeter type the existence of balanced system of cell representations is sufficient to compute the a ‐function and we explicitly construct such a system in type G∼2 for arbitrary parameters. We then investigate the connection between Kazhdan–Lusztig cells and the Plancherel theorem in type G∼2 , allowing us to prove P1 and determine the set of Duflo involutions. From there, the proof of the remaining conjectures follows very naturally, essentially from the combinatorics of Weyl characters of types G2 and A1 , along with some explicit computations for the finite cells.
ICCAS 2005 June 2-5 , KINTEX , Gyeonggi-Do , Korea Real-time Trajectory Adaptation for a Biped Robot with Varying Load

This paper proposes suitable gait generation for dynamic walking of biped robot with varying load in real time. Author proposes the relationship between ZMP(Zero Moment Point) and measurement from FSR(Force Sensing Register). Simplifying this relationship, it is possible to reduce the computational time and control the biped robot in real time. If the weight of the biped robot varies in order to move some object, then joint trajectories of the the biped robot must be changed. When some object is loaded on the biped robot in it’s home position, FSRs can measure the variation of weight. Evaluating the relations between varying load and stable gait of the biped robot, it can walk adaptively. This relation enables the biped robot to walk properly with varying load. The simulation is also represented in this paper which shows proposed relationships.
IN SILICO DEVELOPMENT OF INHIBITORS AGAINST PANTOTHENATE SYNTHETASE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major obstacles for the treatment of tuberculosis. There is an urgent need for identification of novel drug targets which are known to establish infection in the host cells. In the present study, pantothenate synthetase (PS), an essential metabolic enzyme in the pantothenate biosynthetic pathway is used as target. Fourteen inhibitory molecules were computationally analyzed using Glide module and found that sulfamoyl adenylate inhibitors possessed better binding affinities against the PS enzyme. Further, structure optimization and in vitro validation of these inhibitors will prove its efficacy as a better candidate in the drug designing pipeline.