Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Disease Relationship from Medical Records : Vector Based Approach

Biomedical natural language processing deals with the application of text mining techniques to clinical documents and to scientific publications in the areas of biology and medicine. A crucial area of Natural Language Processing is semantic analysis, the study of the meaning of linguistic utterances. Natural language processing of biomedical text benefits from the ability to recognize broad semantic classes from different clinical notes. This paper proposes a method that extract semantics from medical discharge summaries using vector based approach. In particular, this is concerned with the identification of relationships between different diseases from diabetic discharge summaries and enlist the list of possible diseases that the patient may encounter. Vector dot product method is used to identify the semantic relationship between diseases.
Pre-existing differences in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum disorder and/or intellectual disability: A review

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a group of severe and chronic neuro-devel‐ opmental disorders often simply referred to as autism. [1] Using the criteria provided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, ASD are diagnosed by impairments within the three strands of DSM-4: social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviours or interests. [2] The aetiology of autism is complex. [3] Research has implicated a strong genetic basis [4-7] involving multiple genes [5, 7, 8] and possible gene-environment interactions. [9-13] Advances in chromosomal microarray analysis and gene sequencing technologies have improved diagnoses and suggest that aetiologies of ASD will continue to be uncovered. [9] In addition, a child presenting with autistic symptoms may be found to have a certain genetic mutation which accounts for their true underlying biological diagnosis. For example, a diagnosis of Rett syndrome would be confirmed when a girl with ASD and intellectual disability was found to have a mutation of the MECP2 gene on the X-chromosome. [14] Children with ASD and intellectual disability have been found to have an expansion of the FMR1 gene confirming a diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome. [15]
Cost Reduction and Value of Money.

This report is designed to assist newly independent colleges in the United Kingdom to examine expenditures objectively and critically in order to promote the most effective use of all funds and resources. Chapter 1 looks at: the rationale for cost reduction; the importance of scanning the operating environment as part of developing an overall strategy; traditional approaches to resource management; cost citing versus cost reduction; total absorption, marginal, and opportunity costing; and the management of expenditure. Chapter 2 describes a six stage approach to savings involving project initiation, activity analysis, option assessment, option selection, consultation and negotiation, and implementation. Chapter 3 examines opportunity analysis and selection and uses an example to illustrate cost cutting in the context of careful examination of resources and priorities and the development of a management approach that identifies key tasks, key players, and critical benchmarks. Chapter 4 discusses ways to manage an institution that facilitates and sustains the type of economic change described here. An appendix contains a checklist for evaluating cost reduction processes and options. (Contains 39 references.) (JB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *****************************************************************
tRNA-mimicry in IRES-mediated translation and recoding

ABSTRACT Viruses maintain compact genomes that must be packaged within capsids typically less than 200 nanometers in diameter. Therefore, instead of coding for a full set of genes needed for replication, viruses have evolved remarkable strategies for co-opting the host cellular machinery. Additionally, viruses often increase the coding capacity of their own genomes by employing overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Some overlapping viral ORFs involve recoding events that are programmed by the viral RNA. During these programmed recoding events, the ribosome is directed to translate in an alternative reading frame. Here we describe how the Dicistroviridae family of viruses utilize an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in order to recruit ribosomes to initiate translation at a non-AUG codon. The IRES accomplishes this in part by mimicking the structure of a tRNA. Recently, we showed that the Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) member of the Dicistroviridae family utilizes its IRES to initiate translation in 2 different reading frames. Thus, IAPV has evolved an apparently novel recoding mechanism that reveals important insights into translation. Finally, we compare the IAPV structure to other systems that utilize tRNA mimicry in translation.
Insomnia and the performance of US workers: results from the America insomnia survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence and associations of broadly defined (i.e., meeting full ICD-10, DSM-IV, or RDC/ICSD-2 inclusion criteria) insomnia with work performance net of comorbid conditions in the America Insomnia Survey (AIS). DESIGN/SETTING Cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS National sample of 7,428 employed health plan subscribers (ages 18+). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Broadly defined insomnia was assessed with the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire (BIQ). Work absenteeism and presenteeism (low on-the-job work performance defined in the metric of lost workday equivalents) were assessed with the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Regression analysis examined associations between insomnia and HPQ scores controlling 26 comorbid conditions based on self-report and medical/pharmacy claims records. The estimated prevalence of insomnia was 23.2%. Insomnia was significantly associated with lost work performance due to presenteeism (χ² (1) = 39.5, P < 0.001) but not absenteeism (χ² (1) = 3.2, P = 0.07), with an annualized individual-level association of insomnia with presenteeism equivalent to 11.3 days of lost work performance. This estimate decreased to 7.8 days when controls were introduced for comorbid conditions. The individual-level human capital value of this net estimate was $2,280. If we provisionally assume these estimates generalize to the total US workforce, they are equivalent to annualized population-level estimates of 252.7 days and $63.2 billion. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is associated with substantial workplace costs. Although experimental studies suggest some of these costs could be recovered with insomnia disease management programs, effectiveness trials are needed to obtain precise estimates of return-on-investment of such interventions from the employer perspective.
A Family of AP-2 Proteins Down-regulate Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Expression*

Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a primary antioxidant enzyme whose expression is essential for life in oxygen. Mn-SOD has tumor suppressor activity in a wide variety of tumors and transformed cell systems. Our initial observations revealed that Mn-SOD expression was inversely correlated with expression of AP-2 transcription factors in normal human fibroblasts and their SV-40 transformed counterparts. Thus we hypothesized that AP-2 may down-regulate Mn-SOD expression. To examine the functional role of AP-2 on Mn-SOD promoter transactivation we cotransfected AP-2-deficient HepG2 cells with a human Mn-SOD promoter-reporter construct and expression vectors encoding each of the three known AP-2 family members. Our results indicated that AP-2 could significantly repress Mn-SOD promoter activity, and that this repression was both Mn-SOD promoter and AP-2-specific. The three AP-2 proteins appeared to play distinct roles in Mn-SOD gene regulation. Moreover, although all three AP-2 proteins could repress the Mn-SOD promoter, AP-2α and AP-2γ were more active in this regard than AP-2β. Transcriptional repression by AP-2 was not a general effect in this system, because another AP-2-responsive gene, c-erbB-3, was transactivated by AP-2. Repression of Mn-SOD by AP-2 was dependent on DNA binding, and expression of AP-2B, a dominant negative incapable of DNA binding, relieved the repression on Mn-SOD promoter and reactivated Mn-SOD expression in the AP-2 abundant SV40-transformed fibroblast cell line MRC-5VA. These results indicate that AP-2-mediated transcriptional repression contributes to the constitutively low expression of Mn-SOD in SV40-transfromed fibroblasts and suggest a mechanism for Mn-SOD down-regulation in cancer.
Interactions of HIV‐1 with antigen‐presenting cells

There is currently much interest in the numerical and functional loss of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in HIV‐1 disease and the contribution that this may make to HIV‐1 pathology. The HIV‐1 virus can interfere with the normal function of APC in a number of ways involving inappropriate signalling. These include changes in cytokine balance, cell‐surface molecule expression and intracellular signalling pathways. This review examines how HIV‐1 is able to disregulate APC function and discusses possible outcomes for the function of the immune system.
PRETHODNO PRIOPCENJE PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION

SAZETAK: Ovaj rad se bavi analizom faktora atraktivnosti turistiCke destinacije kao i tijihovim utjccajcm na stupanj konkurentnosti turistiéke destinacije. Na temelju dosadasnjih ztianstvenih spoznaja iz podruCja destinacijske atraktivtiosti, definirán je pojatn faktora atraktivnosti turistiCke destitiacije kao eimbenika koji u najvecoj mjeri utjeCu na smjer i intenzitet razvoja turizma. U radu se définira veza izmedu laktora atraktivnosti destinacije i stupnja konkurentnosti destinacije.
Predictability of the UK Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Epidemic

Back-calculation analysis of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic in the United Kingdom is used to estimate the number of infected individuals and future disease incidence. The model assumes a hazard of infection proportional to the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom and accounts for precautionary control measures and very wide ranges of incubation periods. The model indicates that current case data are compatible with numbers of infections ranging from a few hundred to several millions. In the latter case, the model suggests that the mean incubation period must be well beyond the human life-span, resulting in disease epidemics of at most several thousand cases.
Inhibition of Protein Trafficking by Coxsackievirus B3: Multiple Viral Proteins Target a Single Organelle

ABSTRACT Despite replicating to very high titers, coxsackieviruses do not elicit strong CD8 T-cell responses, perhaps because antigen presentation is inhibited by virus-induced disruption of host protein trafficking. Herein, we evaluated the effects of three viral nonstructural proteins (2B, 2BC, and 3A) on intracellular trafficking. All three of these proteins inhibited secretion, to various degrees, and directly associated with the Golgi complex, causing trafficking proteins to accumulate in this compartment. The 3A protein almost completely ablated trafficking and secretion, by moving rapidly to the Golgi, and causing its disruption. Using an alanine-scanning 3A mutant, we show that Golgi targeting and disruption can be uncoupled. Thus, coxsackieviruses rely on the combined effects of several gene products that target a single cellular organelle to successfully block protein secretion during an infection. These findings have implications for viral pathogenesis.
Multisensor accuracy enhancement on the base of interval voting in form of preference aggregation in WSN for ecological monitoring

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for ecological monitoring, sensing performance degrades over time due to harsh environmental conditions or battery depletion. Calibration of multisensors requires extra temporal, financial or energy resources. In order to enhance an accuracy of the multisensor measurements, we propose an approach based on interval voting in form of preference aggregation. The approach allows to determine a corrected value of a measured parameter, lying within narrow uncertainty bounds, on the basis of inaccurate measurement data, obtained from neighboring multisensors. Simulation results have shown that the proposed approach allows to achieve considerably better accuracy comparatively to other known interval voting techniques.
Effects of vacuum‐assisted closure therapy on inguinal wound edge microvascular blood flow

Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) therapy has been shown to facilitate wound healing. Data on the mechanisms are scarce, although beneficial effects on blood flow and granulation tissue formation have been presented. In the current study, laser Doppler was used to measure microvascular blood flow to an inguinal wound in pigs during VAC therapy (− 50 to − 200 mmHg), including consideration of the different tissue types and the distance from the wound edge. VAC treatment induced an increase in microvascular blood flow a few centimeters from the wound edge. The increase in blood flow occurred closer to the wound edge in muscular as compared to subcutaneous tissue (1.5 cm and 3 cm, at − 75 mmHg). In the immediate proximity to the wound edge, blood flow was decreased. This hypoperfused zone was increased with decreasing pressure and was especially prominent in subcutaneous as compared to muscular tissue (0–1.9 cm vs. 0–1.0 cm, at − 100 mmHg). When VAC therapy was terminated, blood flow increased multifold, which may be due to reactive hyperemia. In conclusion, VAC therapy affects microvascular blood flow to the wound edge and may thereby promote wound healing. A low negative pressure during treatment may be beneficial, especially in soft tissue, to minimize possible ischemic effects. Intermittent VAC therapy may further increase blood flow.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Invasive Pneumococci in Finland in 1999-2000

ABSTRACT The resistance patterns and macrolide resistance mechanisms of 910 Finnish invasive pneumococci isolated during 1999 and 2000 were studied. Macrolide resistance was detected in 6.9% of isolates. Penicillin resistance was detected in 1.5% of isolates, and penicillin intermediate resistance was detected in 4.0% of isolates. Active macrolide efflux, mediated by the mef(A) gene, was the most common macrolide resistance mechanism. Four macrolide-resistant isolates had mutations in rRNA or ribosomal protein L22.
The International Corporate Governance System: Audit Roles and Board Oversight

1. Corporate Governance Framework 2. The OECD Corporate Governance Principles 3. Corporate Governance and the International Monetary Fund 4. Corporate Governance and the World Bank 5. Corporate Governance in the United States 6. Corporate Governance in the United Kingdom 7. Corporate Governance in Canada 8. Corporate Governance in Australasia 9. Corporate Governance in Japan 10. Corporate Governance in Continental Europe 11. Corporate Governance in the Developing Countries (BRICS) 12. Corporate Governance in Saudi Arabia 13. Internal Audit Process 14. The US Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Audit Profession 15. The Integrated Audit Process 16. Audit of Group Financial Statements 17. The European Union Statutory Audit Directive 18. The Accounting & Auditing ROSC 19. Corporate Governance Scandals 20. Auditor Legal Liability 21. The Future of the Auditing 22. Risk Management 23. Management Fraud 24. The Audit Committee and Management Fraud
Evaluating parameters of a professional hockey team

A championship professional hockey team was eval uated with regard to three systems: cardiovascular, muscular, and visual. The cardiovascular system was tested three times during the season, revealing little significant variation in fitness parameters from the preseason to the late-season periods. The visual and muscular testings were performed only during the preseason. Visual functions, especially eye speed and span, were positively correlated to face-off ability, shot accuracy, and goal-tending capability. Muscular testing demonstrated the importance of hip strength in power skating; a rationale for the use of knee extension hip flexion and knee extension hip abduc tion ratios is clearly established. The most striking correlations were found in relat ing skating skills to muscle testing performances of the left lower extremity as opposed to the right. Regression analysis of the data made it possible to predict super-star capability with 100% correlation to only three simple tests.
The Effects of Financial Restatements on Audit Fees of Non-Restating Office-Level Clients

This study draws on both audit quality and trust theories to examine the effects of financial restatements on the auditor-client trust relationship, as evidenced by changes in audit fees of the auditor’s other non-restating office-level clients in the year following the restatement announcement. We find that trustor firms (i.e., non-restating firms with the same auditor [trustee] as restatement firms) pay significantly lower audit fees to the auditors especially when the auditors are one of the Big N firms. We also find a smaller drop in audit fees for firms in which the auditors’ tenure with the client is longer, consistent with the concept of benevolence in trust theory.
What habbo goers do in practice? decomposing attitudinal beliefs

We investigate the impact of Information Technology (IT) outsourcing on firm performance from several dimensions, including changes in labor productivity, improvements in financial and operational performance variables, and stock market valuation of IT outsourcing initiatives as measured by Tobin’s q. While our main objective is to better understand the economics of IT outsourcing, we also aim to contribute to the literature on the business value of IT in general. Our research contributes to the relevant literature from the following perspectives: (i) the change in the performance levels of firms due to IT outsourcing is measured against that of firms not outsourcing at all, (ii) panel data regression model is utilized in order to capture both cross-sectional and time-series differences among firms, (iii) the diversity of IT outsourcing initiatives is explicitly considered in the model, and (iv) a comprehensive data set covering the period between 1984 and 2007 is used.
Reliability of goniometric and trigonometric techniques for measuring hip-extension range of motion using the modified Thomas test.

CONTEXT Goniometric assessment of hip-extension range of motion is a standard practice in clinical rehabilitation settings. A weakness of goniometric measures is that small errors in landmarking may result in substantial measurement error. A less commonly used protocol for measuring hip range of motion involves applying trigonometric principles to the length and vertical displacement of the upper part of the lower extremity to determine hip angle; however, the reliability of this measure has never been assessed using the modified Thomas test. OBJECTIVE To compare the intrarater and interrater reliability of goniometric (GON) and trigonometric (TRIG) techniques for assessing hip-extension range of motion during the modified Thomas test. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING Institutional athletic therapy facility. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 22 individuals (12 men, 10 women; age range, 18-36 years) with no pathologic knee or back conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Hip-extension range of motion of each participant during a modified Thomas test was assessed by 2 examiners with both GON and TRIG techniques in a randomly selected order on 2 separate days. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed that the reliability of the GON technique was low for both the intrarater (ICC = 0.51, 0.54) and interrater (ICC = 0.30, 0.65) comparisons, but the reliability of the TRIG technique was high for both intrarater (ICC = 0.90, 0.95) and interrater (ICC = 0.91, 0.94) comparisons. Single-factorial repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed no mean differences in scoring within or between examiners for either measurement protocol, whereas a difference was observed when comparing the TRIG and GON tests due to the differences in procedures used to identify landmarks. CONCLUSIONS Using the TRIG technique to measure hip-extension range of motion during the modified Thomas test results in superior intrarater and interrater reliability when compared with the GON technique.
ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR SUPERFICIAL DUODENAL NEOPLASMS

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has emerged as a novel technique for achieving en bloc resection for superficial neoplasms limited to the mucosa. ESD was originally developed in Japan as a method of endoscopic resection of superficial gastric cancers. In our hospital, ESD has been used concurrently in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus and colorectum from the beginning of its development. However, ESD in the duodenum is considered more challenging than other parts. From August 2005 to March 2008, a total of 15 superficial duodenal neoplastic lesions in 14 patients were treated with endoscopic resection. Of these, nine underwent ESD. We report our experience with duodenal ESD with a combination of ST hood and hook knife.
BALANCED SCORECARD: A NEW APPROACH BALANCED SCORECARD: A NEW APPROACH BALANCED SCORECARD: A NEW APPROACH BALANCED SCORECARD: A NEW APPROACH

Julio Miranda Pureza Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) – pureza@joinville.udesc. br Luiz V. O. Dalla Valentina Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) – dalla@joinville.udesc. br Abstract:Abstract: Balanced scorecard models may be a proper alternative for the anticipation of the changes on the environment in the sense that they supply a reliable picture of the firm a reliable picture o f the firm and translate the organization’s vision and strategy into a set of supporting factors. Their application allows the identification of an adequate set of performance indicators that take into account financial and nonthat take into account financial and non- ---financial assets. The balancfinancial assets. The balancfinancial assets. The balanced scorecard we ed scorecard we propose here considers a small set of perspectives and suits profitable or nonprofitable or non- ---profitable organizations, services sector and supply chains. The continuous evaluation and improvement process, as well as the intangible assets are explicit eles are explicit elements of the ments of the model, which structure, that evolve people from all sectors and hierarchical levels, favors the communication of ideas, the exposition of the different points of view and the detection of changes in the environment.detection of changes in the environment. Keywords: Strategic planniKeywords: Strategic planning, balanced scorecard, continuoung, balanced scorecard, continuous improvementng, balanced scorecard, continuous improvement s improvement