Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Influence as a Function of Numerical Status and Social Belonging : Self-Categorization and Conflict Elaboration

Even if the conflict-elaboration (Perez & Mugny, 1993) and the self-categorization (Turner et al., 1987) theories agree that manifest influence is only produced by in-group majorities, they give rise to alternative predictions regarding the latent influence. Indeed, the former assumes that such an influence would be produced by out-group minorities whereas the latter asserts that it would be induced by in-group minorities. The present research manipulates the numerical status of the influence source as well as its social belonging in order to confront these predictions. Actually, targets were exposed to a majority versus a minority, either of the same sex (in-group source) or opposite sex (out-group source). Main results indicate that regarding the manifest level, only the in-group majority induces conformity among men, whereas among women, such a conformity takes place in the case of both in-group and out-group majorities. At the latent level, only the out-group minority produces conversion among women, whereas among men, such an influence occurs in the case of both in-group and out-group minorities. These results which are apparently consistent with neither theories are discussed in terms of the dominance relation between the influence source and the targets.
The Strategy and Implementation for Early Detection of Cancer in China

[Purpose] To explore the strategy for early detection of cancer in China. [Methods] The review of literature and cases reports from the implementation experiences was adopted. The success and failure of cancer early detection carried out at high incidence areas in 70s~80s of 20th century had been studied. [Results] The promotion strategies for early detection of cancer in China were identified. The in-depth interpretation included following aspects: the guidelines/recommendations for early detection of cancer, the progress of demonstration centers for early detection of cancer and the programs of cancer early detection subsidized by central government. Finally, after a thorough discussion of the challenges and countermeasures in implementation of sustainable cancer early detection and intervention, the goal of future program had been presented. [Conclusion] The discussion on the strategy and implementation of cancer early detection and intervention will help to expand the further cancer prevention program in China.
Enter CRISPR: Jennifer Doudna’s autobiographical assessment of the science and ethics of CRISPR/Cas9

In 2012, Jennifer Doudna et al. published their landmark article on CRISPR/ Cas9. Five years later, Doudna published an autobiographical retrospective to come to terms with the “tsunami” of events that followed. The subtitle suggests that humans had acquired “unthinkable power” to refurbish life and deflect the course of evolution. Yet the subtitle of the prologue suggests a different view of human agency, seeing CRISPR as a technological pandemic, stressing our powerlessness to develop ethical and governance tools to contain the process. We seem overwhelmed by a surging biotechnological event. Science autobiographies constitute a fascinating genre, providing a window into the context of discovery, revealing what often remains unsaid in more formal academic publications. But they describe events from a decidedly personal and partisan perspective, wavering between self-analysis and self-justification, putting the individual frontstage, obfuscating how research is a collective endeavor. Doudna’s memoir is analyzed from three perspectives: knowledge (CRISPR as a shift from reading to reediting genomes), power (memoirs as instruments in controversies over IPR), and ethics. Normative challenges allow researchers to constitute themselves as responsible subjects by developing new skills (bioethical deliberation) while calling forth new practices of the Self (writing science autobiographies). While traditional narrative suggests that, after an increase in dramatic tension, a period of equilibrium sets in, Doudna’s retrospective voices the unsettling concern that we may lose control over the disruptive deflection we helped to bring about.
An Evaluation of the Fiscal Impact of Allegheny County Mental Health Court

6 Jump down to document THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world.
Adhärenz mit täglichen und wöchentlichen oralen Bisphosphonaten in der Osteoporosetherapie

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bisphosphonates provide efficacious treatment for osteoporosis. However, side effects often lead to patients discontinuing this treatment. This study analyses differences in adherence (including acceptance, persistence and compliance) between daily (ALD-D) and weekly (ALD-W) administration of alendronate among German patients with osteoporosis. METHODS Prescription claims data of two random groups of subjects (144 patients each) taking ALD-D and ALD-W, respectively, were observed for 12 months after starting the given prescription. Termination was defined as the moment when the last prescription had been used up. The percentage of patients continuing the drug treatment after the first prescription was used as a measure for acceptance. Compliance was measured by the medication possession ratio (MPR), namely the percentage of days on which the patient was supplied with the medication. An MPR > 80% is therapeutically relevant because the risk of fractures is significantly reduced. RESULTS 31.3% (ALD-W) vs. 45.8% (ALD-D) of patients discontinued therapy after one prescription. 53.5% (ALD-W) vs. 72.2% (ALD-D) of patients discontinued therapy throughout the year. The proportion of those who discontinued the treatment was significantly higher with daily administration (p=0.0035). Mean time until discontinuation was 220 days (ALD-W) vs. 169 days (ALD-D). Mean compliance among any patients was 51.7% (ALD-W) vs. 37.7% (ALD-D); Only 30.6% (ALD-W) vs. 19.2% (ALD-D) (p=0,0295) of patients reached a therapeutically relevant compliance level. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of patients discontinued treatment with bisphosphonates, a majority of discontinuing patients not even refilling their first prescription. Adherence, although enhanced by less frequent dosing, was suboptimal in all of its aspects, i.e. acceptance, persistence and compliance. There is a need for treatment strategies to increase adherence.
Analytical and biochemical studies of selected seaweeds obtained from the eastern coast of South Africa`s Indian Ocean in KwaZulu-Natal.

Five seaweeds namely Halimeda cuneata, Spyridia hypnoides, Codium capitatum, Hypnea spicifera and Sargassum elegans, of which the latter three are edible, were collected from the KwaZulu-Natal east coast region of South Africa during four different seasons. The proximate composition of the three edible seaweeds and seasonal variation of minerals and trace elements in all five seaweeds was investigated. The edible seaweeds had a moisture level of 85.4 to 89.5%, protein of 6.1 to11.8%, lipids of 7.5 to13.1% and carbohydrates (which was obtained by difference) of 37.8 to 71.9 %. In general, elemental concentrations in the five seaweeds varied significantly with season (p < 0.05) and were found to be in decreasing order of Ca > Mg > Fe > Cu > Mn > As > Zn > Ni > Cr > Pb > Co ≈ Se. This study suggests that C. capitatum and H. spicifera could be potential sources of most essential nutrients and may contribute positively to the diet without posing the risk of adverse health effects due to low concentrations of toxic elements. However, consumption of S. elegans should be moderated as it could increase dietary exposure to inorganic As if too much is consumed.
Why Be A “Gamer”? : How Apologetic Behavior Affects Females’ Self-Identification as “Gamers”

1. What adjectives do you use to describe yourself? 2. What is feminine? 3. What is not feminine? 4. Would you describe yourself as feminine? 5. Do you think it is important to be feminine? 6. Do you think there are some stereotypes about what is feminine? a. What are they? 7. How feminine are you compared to: a. other female gamers? b. women college students? 8. When do you feel most feminine? a. What do you do to make yourself feel this way? 9. Do you do anything to emphasize your femininity? 10. Have you ever felt pressure to be more stereotypically feminine? 11. How many hours a week do you play video games? 12. How comfortable are you disclosing that you play video games? 1. To what audiences do you feel most comfortable disclosing this to? 13. Would you label yourself as a “gamer”? Why or Why not? 1. To what audiences do you feel most comfortable disclosing this to? 14. Do you think there are some stereotypes about gamers? A. What are they? 15. How do you feel about being a woman who plays video games? 16. Have you ever been treated differently because you were a girl who plays video games? 17. Have you ever been treated differently because of your label as a “gamer”? REFERENCES CONCLUSION RESEARCH QUESTION
The South Staffordshire Intermediate Care Training and Development Project

The purpose of intermediate care is to promote care closer to home by avoiding unnecessary hospital admissions and facilitating timely discharge. The maintenance and enhancement of functional independence forms the basis of this care (Department of Health 2001/01). The development of intermediate care comes from a number of drivers. These include the pressure on acute hospital beds made worse by delayed discharges, changes in the demography of the ageing population and policy changes supporting care closer to home. The National Audit Office (2000) reviewed admissions to and discharges from acute hospital beds and reported an increasing pressure on those beds and the need to decrease lengths of stay in acute care. This could be improved if hospital discharges were better planned and inappropriate placement in the acute setting was avoided where possible. The overall outcome of the audit supported the delivery of care in the community via the development of intermediate care services, so reducing the pressure on hospital beds. In addition, the National Service Framework for Older People (Department of Health 2001) described the changing demography of the elderly population, predicting a great increase in the number of older people living in the United Kingdom up to the year 2025. An increase of older people in the population suggests an increase in demand for acute hospital beds by the over-65 age-group. The National Service Framework sets targets for intermediate care services: ‘To provide integrated services to promote faster recovery from illness, prevent unnecessary acute hospital admissions, support timely discharge and maximise independent living’ (p41). The NHS Plan proposes policy changes promoting intermediate care as a necessary component in the modernisation of the National Health Service, for example: ‘A new range of intermediate care services will build a bridge between hospital and home, by helping people recover and resume independent living more quickly. This will speed up discharge from hospital when patients are ready to leave’ (Department of Health 2000, p20). Both the national drivers for developing intermediate care services and a number of local drivers promoted the implementation of an Intermediate Care Training and Development Project in South Staffordshire in February The South Staffordshire Intermediate Care Training and Development Project
Tuning of layered materials: Studies of CrAuTe4, PdSn4 and WTe2

Layered materials are of great and growing interest for material scientists and condensed matter physicists, not only because of their possible applications but also because of the diverse and controllable ground states. In addition, tuning of layered materials through external fields, doping, or strain can lead to the emergence of novel phenomena. In this dissertation, the importance of the study of layered materials is emphasized in Chapter 1. Before getting into experimental results, the theoretical background and experimental methods, including growth of single crystals of selected layered materials, are introduced in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are devoted to experimental results on selected layered materials. Chapter 4 presents the physical properties of CrAuTe4 at ambient pressure and the tuning of its properties using hydrostatic pressure. The physical properties of PdSn4 are shown in Chapter 5, and then the origin of extremely large magnetoresistance in this material is discussed in comparison/contrast to the physical properties of PtSn4. Chapter 6 focuses on the tuning of the physical properties of WTe2 using temperature, magnetic field and uniaxial strain. In appendix A, I list all the growth attempts regarding Te and Se containing materials. In appendix B, I explain the growth of single crystal, EuCd2As2, using salt (NaCl/KCl) as a solution. In appendix C, I summarize other publications during my Ph.D. years.
Antiobesity Effects of Geniposide on Monosodium Glutamate-induced Obese Mice

OBJECTIVE:To study the antiobesity effects of geniposide on L-monosodium glutamate(MSG)induced obese mice.METHODS:The effects of geniposideon on body weight,Lee index,blood glucose,triglycerides,blood cholesterol and adipocyte size were observed in MSG-induced obese mice.RESULTS:Geniposide(800 mg·kg-1)could inhibit food intake of MSG-induced obese mice,reduce the body weight and the level of triglscorides,blood cholesterol.White fat cell became smaller but it had no effect on blood glucose.CONCLUSIONS:Geniposide have antiobesity effects on MSG-induced obese mice.
Alendronate for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

Background Osteoporosis is a common complication of long-term glucocorticoid therapy for which there is no well-proved preventive or restorative treatment. Methods We carried out two 48-week, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of two doses of alendronate in 477 men and women, 17 to 83 years of age, who were receiving glucocorticoid therapy. The primary end point was the difference in the mean percent change in lumbar-spine bone density from base line to week 48 between the groups. Secondary outcomes included changes in bone density of the hip, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and the incidence of new vertebral fractures. Results The mean (±SE) bone density of the lumbar spine increased by 2.1±0.3 percent and 2.9±0.3 percent, respectively, in the groups that received 5 and 10 mg of alendronate per day (P<0.001) and decreased by 0.4±0.3 percent in the placebo group. The femoral-neck bone density increased by 1.2±0.4 percent and 1.0±0.4 percent in the respective alendronate groups (P<0.01) and decre.
Effect of exogenous surfactant (calfactant) in pediatric acute lung injury: A randomized controlled trial

Context: Despite evidence that patients with acute lung injury (ALI) have pulmonary surfactant dysfunction, trials of several surfactant preparations to treat adults with ALI have not been successful. Preliminary studies in children with ALI have shown that instillation of a natural lung surfactant (calfactant) containing high levels of surfactant-specific protein B may be beneficial. Objective: To determine if endotracheal instillation of calfactant in infants, children, and adolescents with ALI would shorten the course of respiratory failure. Design, Setting, and Patients: A multicenter, randomized, blinded trial of calfactant compared with placebo in 153 infants, children, and adolescents with respiratory failure from ALI conducted from July 2000 to July 2003. Twenty-one tertiary care pediatric intensive care units participated. Entry criteria included age 1 week to 21 years, enrollment within 48 hours of endotracheal intubation, radiological evidence of bilateral lung disease, and an oxygenation index higher than 7. Premature infants and children with preexisting lung, cardiac, or central nervous system disease were excluded. Intervention: Treatment with intratracheal instillation of 2 doses of 80 mL/m2 calfactant or an equal volume of air placebo administered 12 hours apart. Main Outcome Measures: Ventilator-free days and mortality; secondary outcome measures were hospital course, adverse events, and failure of conventional mechanical ventilation. Results: The calfactant group experienced an acute mean (SD) decrease in oxygenation index from 20 (12.9) to 13.9 (9.6) after 12 hours compared with the placebo group’s decrease from 20.5 (14.7) to 15.1 (9.0) (P=.01). Mortality was significantly greater in the placebo group compared with the calfactant group (27/75 vs 15/77; odds ratio, 2.32; 95%confidence interval, 1.15-4.85), although ventilator-free days were not different. More patients in the placebo group did not respond to conventional mechanical ventilation. There were no differences in long-term complications. Conclusions: Calfactant acutely improved oxygenation and significantly decreased mortality in infants, children, and adolescents with ALI although no significant decrease in the course of respiratory failure measured by duration of ventilator therapy, intensive care unit, or hospital stay was observed.
Factores epigenéticos en mujeres embarazadas con diabetes Epigenetic Factors in Pregnant Women with Diabetes

It is now accepted that offspring exposed to maternal undernutrition, obesity, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk for chronic diseases later in life, supporting the theory of the early origin of chronic diseases. The main adverse outcome on progenies from pregnancy complicated with maternal dia- betes appears to be macrosomia, and it is well known that intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia usually increases the risk and misprograms the offspring to develop diabetes and/or obesity at adulthood. This "fetal programming", due to intrauterine diabetic milieu, is called "metabolic memory". Furthermore, there is evidence that maternal obesity may also increase the risk of obesity and diabetes in the offspring. However, offspring born to women with GDM possibly exhibit a greater development of macrosomia than that born to obese women. Obesity and GDM have independent and additive effects. However, the molecular mechanisms through which the offspring exposure to an altered in utero environment translates into the development of chronic metabolic diseases are not yet well understood. Recent reports suggest that epigenetic modifications are a potential mechanism for fetal metabolic misprogramming. This
Goals in social information processing: The case of anticipated interaction.

Examined the role of anticipated-interaction instructions on memory for and organization of social information. In Study 1, Ss read and recalled information about a prospective partner (i.e., target) on a problem-solving task and about 4 other stimulus people. The results indicated that (a) Ss recalled more items about the target than the others, (b) the target was individuated from the others in memory, and (c) Ss were more accurate on a name-item matching task for the target than for the others. Study 2 compared anticipated interaction with several other processing goals (i.e., memory, impression formation, self-comparison, friend-comparison). Only anticipated-interaction and impression formation instructions led to higher levels of recall and more accurate matching performance for the target than for the others. However, the conditional probability data suggest that anticipated interaction led to higher levels of organization of target information than did any of the other conditions. Discussion considers information processing strategies that are possibly instigated by anticipated-interaction instructions. Imagine that you are attending your first day of classes, and students are nervously and excitedly introducing themselves to each other. On this occasion, you spot your "dream date. " Although there are several people around, the prospective date may take on particular importance to you because you hope to have future interactions with him or her. The importance assigned to the dream date may affect what you remember about him or her and about the other students in the class and how that information is organized in memory. Alternatively, imagine that you are interviewing a job candidate. The very real possibility of future interaction with this person may influence how you think about this person, what you remember about him or her, and how you organize that information. These examples suggest that the goals individuals bring to bear on social situations may have an important effect on their perceptions of and memory for others. The present research, with its focus on how goals affect social information processing, reflects the renewed interest in the interaction between motivation and cognition in social perception (Neuberg & Fiske, 1987; Sorrentino & Higgins, 1986; Srull & Wyer, 1986). The extant research on goals in person memory, however, focuses primarily
An Uncommon Cause of Duane Syndrome in a Child: Wildervanck Syndrome

53 Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce/Ya z›fl ma Ad re si Ahmet Anik MD, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Aydin, Turkey Phone: +90 532 568 43 40 E-mail: ahmet.anik@yahoo.com Re cei ved/Ge lis ta ri hi: 04.06. 2015 Ac cep ted/Ka bul ta ri hi: 08.10. 2015 Ahmet Anik1, Şiar Dursun2, Ahmet Polat3, Ayse Anik4, Tolga Unuvar1, Yasemin Durum5, Ayse Fahriye Tosun2 1Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Aydin, Turkey 2Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aydin, Turkey 3Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Aydin, Turkey 4Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Aydin, Turkey 5Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Aydin, Turkey