Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO: FLAVONOIDES COMO POSSÍVEL ESTRATÉGIA NEUROPROTETORA

O acidente vascular encefalico constitui atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saude publica mundial. A maioria dos casos e diagnosticado como acidente vascular encefalico isquemico que causa mortalidade ou morbidade nos individuos acometidos. A falta de suprimento sanguineo delimita duas regioes teciduais com fluxos sanguineos distintos, o centro da area isquemica na qual se tem a morte celular irreversivel e a area de penumbra onde ha presenca de neuronios debilitados, mas que ainda podem ser protegidos. Tais processos desencadeiam em uma cascata isquemica de reacoes toxicas, oxidantes e inflamatorias no tecido. A terapia atual e baseada no uso de trombolitico que visam a dissolucao do coagulo, sendo que esta terapia e arriscada, devido chances de hemorragias. Dentre os compostos promissores na terapia neuroprotetora, tem-se os flavonoides que se destacam devido suas atividades anti-inflamatorias e antioxidantes. Neste levantamento bibliografico descrevemos algumas informacoes sobre o acidente vascular encefalico e sua fisiopatologia, os processos neuroinflamatorios decorrentes, como liberacao de oxido nitrico e ativacao da glia e as acoes terapeuticas dos flavonoides. Desta forma, este artigo de revisao visa contribuir com pesquisas que venham aperfeicoar a terapia e recuperacao do tecido neuronal lesado no processo patologico, a apartir do desenvolvimento de novos farmacos que possam ser aplicados futuramente na clinica do AVE isquemico.
Alcohol Use Patterns Among Urban and Rural Residents

Rates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) vary with geographic location. Research on risks for AUD associated with living in a rural versus urban setting is complicated by the varied systems used to classify geographic location. Studies comparing the prevalence of heavier or binge drinking and AUD based on a dichotomous urban/rural classification have mixed findings when compared with those using more detailed urban-to-rural categories. In addition, urban/rural residence interacts with other demographic factors such as age, U.S. region, and race/ethnicity to affect alcohol use. Social and cultural factors help explain the relationship between geographic location and alcohol use. However, this area of research could be improved by the use of standardized definitions as well as the analysis of a more complete urban-to-rural continuum (e.g., urban, suburban, and rural areas). Having a better understanding of how geographic characteristics influence alcohol use would help inform and improve prevention and treatment efforts.
Teaching Quality Evaluation Approach Based on SVM

This paper presents a novel evaluation approach of the teaching quality based on support vector machines (SVMs). Firstly, the evaluation index selection and the teaching quality levels are provided. Secondly, the teaching quality evaluation approach including the four evaluation indexes and three ranks based on one-against-one mode of SVM is proposed. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the evaluation approach.
Comparing rates of contemporary evolution in life-history traits for exploited fish stocks

Trait evolution over time periods spanning generations, not millennia, is increasingly observed to be above the natural baseline in populations experiencing human-induced perturbations. We investigated the relative speed of trait change by comparing rates of evolution in haldanes and darwins for size at maturation as measured by probabilistic maturation reac- tion norm midpoints for fish stocks from the Pacific Ocean, North Atlantic, Barents Sea, eastern Baltic Sea, and the North Sea. Rates in haldanes for 23 stocks ranged from -2.2 to 0.9 and from 0.5 to 153 in kilodarwins for 26 stocks. The highest rates of evolution corresponded to the most heavily exploited stocks; rates slowed after moratoria were introduced. The esti- mated rates in fish life-history characteristics were comparable to other examples of human-induced evolution and faster than naturally induced rates. Stocks with high growth showed slower evolutionary change, even under high mortality, sug- gesting that compensatory somatic growth can slow the rate of trait evolution. Regardless of whether trait changes are due to exploitation or environmental factors, the costs of ignoring trait evolution are high. Management strategies should be based upon precautionary principles; therefore, the effect of changing traits must be integrated into the fisheries assessment process. Resume : De plus en plus de cas d'evolution des caracteres sur des periodes de l'ordre de generations, plutot que de mille-
Differential Inhibition of Ca 2 Channels by 2-Adrenoceptors in Three Functional Subclasses of Rat Sympathetic Neurons

Li C, Horn JP. Differential inhibition of Ca channels by 2adrenoceptors in three functional subclasses of rat sympathetic neurons. J Neurophysiol 100: 3055–3063, 2008. First published October 15, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90590. 2008. A comparison of identified sympathetic neurons in the isolated intact superior cervical ganglion revealed that secretomotor, pilomotor, and vasoconstrictor cells differ in their action potential mechanisms and in their postsynaptic 2-adrenergic responses to 10 M norepinephrine (NE). In normal saline, the half-width of the spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in secretomotor neurons (103.5 6.2 ms) was twofold that recorded in vasoconstrictor neurons (47.7 2.9 ms) and 1.5-fold that in pilomotor neurons (71.4 10.3 ms). Bath-applied NE reversibly inhibited the action potential repolarization shoulder, AHP amplitude, and AHP duration in secretomotor and pilomotor neurons to a similar extent, but had no effect on vasoconstrictor neurons. The insensitivity of vasomotor neurons to NE was not an artifact produced by microelectrode recording because all three cell groups were similar in terms of resting potential and input resistance. Moreover, NE insensitivity was not a natural consequence of briefer AHP duration in vasoconstrictor cells. Adding 10 mM TEA caused marked accentuation of the shoulder and AHP duration in vasoconstrictor neurons and comparable changes in the other two cell types, but did not unmask any sign of NE sensitivity in the vasoconstrictors. However, the spike shoulder and AHP in vasoconstrictors were Cd sensitive, blocked by -conotoxin, an N-type calcium channel antagonist, and inhibited by oxotremorine-M, a muscarinic receptor agonist. These data show that NE can differentially modulate functional subsets of mammalian sympathetic neurons and that NE insensitivity can serve as a practical experimental criterion for identification of vasomotor neurons in the isolated ganglion.
EspH, a new cytoskeleton‐modulating effector of enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are closely related pathogens. During infection, EPEC and EHEC use a type III secretion system (TTSS) to translocate effector proteins into the infected cells and thereby modify specific host functions. These include transient filopodium formation which is Cdc42‐dependent. Filopodia formation is followed by assembly of actin pedestals, the process enhanced by inhibition of Cdc42. We discovered that orf 18 of the enterocyte effacement locus encodes a new effector, which we termed EspH. We show that EspH is translocated efficiently into the infected cells by the TTSS and localizes beneath the EPEC microcolonies. Inactivation of espH resulted in enhanced formation of filopodia and attenuated the pedestals formation. Furthermore, overexpression of EspH resulted in strong repression of filopodium formation and heightened pedestal formation. We also demonstrate that overexpression of EspH by EHEC induces marked elongation of the typically flat pedestals. Similar pedestal elongation was seen upon infection of COS cells overexpressing EspH. EspH transiently expressed by the COS cells was localized to the membrane and disrupted the actin cytoskeletal structure. Our findings indicate that EspH is a modulator of the host actin cytoskeleton structure.
Ordonnancement dynamique des transferts dans MapReduce sous contrainte de bande passante

De nombreux domaines scientifiques font desormais face a un deluge de donnees. L'une des approches proposees pour permettre le traitement de tels volumes est le paradigme de programmation MapReduce introduit par Google. Ce schema d'execution tres simple se compose de deux phases, map et reduce entre lesquelles a lieu une phase d'echange massif de donnees entre les machines executant l'application. Dans cet article, nous proposons un systeme lineaire definissant un partitionnement des donnees a traiter et un algorithme d'ordonnancement dynamique des transferts afin d'optimiser cette phase intermediaire. Nous comparons cette approche a celle reposant sur un programme lineaire et un ordonnancement statique par phases. Les experiences menees montrent que notre approche produit des ordonnancements plus compacts en un temps bien plus court.
Reliabilism and Privileged Access

Reliabilism is invoked by a standard causal response to the slow switching argument for incompatibilism about mental content externalism and privileged access. Though the response in question is negative, in that it only establishes that, given such an epistemology, externalism does not rule privileged access out, the appeal to reliabilism involves an assumption about the reliability of introspection, an assumption that in turn grounds a simple argument for the positive conclusion that reliabilism itself implies privileged access. This paper offers a two-part defense of that conclusion: the reliabilist account of privileged access is defended both against arguments in favor of the rival content inheritance strategy and against an argument turning on empirical considerations concerning the individuation of the belief-producing process of introspection.
Evaluation of Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey.

K. A. Douglas, M. S. Yale, D. E. Bennett, M. P. Haugan, and L. A. Bryan Engineering Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA College of Business, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas 75062, USA Department of Educational Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Department of Curriculum and Instruction, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Received 20 September 2013; revised manuscript received 4 June 2014; published 19 November 2014; publisher error corrected 5 December 2014)
Nerve growth factor‐activated protein kinase N modulates the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase

Protein kinase N (PKN) is a serine/threonine protein kinase rapidly activated by nerve growth factor (NGF) and other agents in various cell lines. The possible involvement of PKN in the multiple pathways of the NGF mechanism of action was previously established through the use of purine analogs, some of which are apparently specific inhibitors of this kinase. Since a PKN‐like activity is modulated in several cell lines by cAMP analogs and this activation requires the activity of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase. The aim of the present work is to investigate possible interactions between PKN and C‐PKA. Preincubation of the two kinases in the presence of ATP leads to potentiated phosphorylation of histone HF1, Kemptide (a substrate for C‐PKA, but not for PKN), and several additional substrates. This augmented phosphorylating activity is insensitive to 6‐thioguanine (an inhibitor for PKN, but not for C‐PKA) and is suppressed both by the Walsh inhibitor and by the regulatory subunit of PKA. PKN‐pretreated C‐PKA shows a significant decrease in Km for Kemptide and a substantial increase in Vmax. C‐PKA and PKN are widely expressed enzymes and the possibility of PKN‐dependent modulation of PKA in intact cells would therefore have biological implications for signal transduction mechanisms. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does Enrollment in a CDHP Stimulate Cost-Effective Utilization?

Consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs) are built on the assumption that with increased cost sharing consumers will select cost-effective evidence-based care. In this study, the authors explore whether patterns of utilization change after enrollment in a CDHP and whether the pattern reflects a shift toward evidence-based care. The study population is comprised of 18,025 employees and their adult dependents. The analysis uses a schema for categorizing claims data into high-priority (evidence-based care) and low-priority (limited or no evidence-based care) utilization. The findings indicate that enrollment in CDHPs resulted in a reduction of office visits in the 1st year of enrollment. These reductions in care appear to be indiscriminant, with patients cutting back in both high-and low-priority visits. The reductions in high- and low-priority visits were greater for employees with lower education and income.
The Measurement of Man

and " Anthropometric " are recognised as classics in this relatively new field of endeavour, and have contributed immeasurably to anthropology and statistical method. At once artist, philosopher and mathematician, Quetelet could with justice be called the father of social science. It is true that he was not the first to concern himself with the proportions of the human body. For the scupltors and painters throughout the ages this knowledge must always have been a prerequisite of their arts,
Study protocol Does physical activity change predict functional recovery in low back pain ? Protocol for a prospective cohort study

Background: Activity advice and prescription are commonly used in the management of low back pain (LBP). Although there is evidence for advising patients with LBP to remain active, facilitating both recovery and return to work, to date no research has assessed whether objective measurements of free living physical activity (PA) can predict outcome, recovery and course of LBP. Methods: An observational longitudinal study will investigate PA levels in a cohort of communitydwelling working age adults with acute and sub-acute LBP. Each participant's PA level, functional status, mood, fear avoidance behaviours, and levels of pain, psychological distress and occupational activity will be measured on three occasions during for 1 week periods at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year. Physical activity levels will be measured by self report, RT3 triaxial accelerometer, and activity recall questionnaires. The primary outcome measure of functional recovery will be the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Free living PA levels and changes in functional status will be quantified in order to look at predictive relationships between levels and changes in free living PA and functional recovery in a LBP population. Discussion: This research will investigate levels and changes in activity levels of an acute LBP cohort and the predictive relationship to LBP recovery. The results will assess whether occupational, psychological and behavioural factors affect the relationship between free living PA and LBP recovery. Results from this research will help to determine the strength of evidence supporting international guidelines that recommend restoration of normal activity in managing LBP. Trial registration: [Clinical Trial Registration Number, ACTRN12609000282280] Published: 6 November 2009 BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2009, 10:136 doi:10.1186/1471-2474-10-136 Received: 1 July 2009 Accepted: 6 November 2009 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2474/10/136 © 2009 Hendrick et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2009, 10:136 http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2474/10/136
Longitudinal Growth of Hospitalized Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Background. The interpretation of growth rates for very low birth weight infants is obscured by limited data, recent changes in perinatal care, and the uncertain effects of multiple therapies. Objectives. To develop contemporary postnatal growth curves for very low birth weight preterm infants and to relate growth velocity to birth weight, nutritional practices, fetal growth status (small- or appropriate-for-gestational-age), and major neonatal morbidities (chronic lung disease, nosocomial infection or late-onset infection, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis). Design. Large, multicenter, prospective cohort study. Methods. Growth was prospectively assessed for 1660 infants with birth weights between 501 to 1500 g admitted by 24 hours of age to 1 of the 12 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers between August 31, 1994 and August 9, 1995. Infants were included if they survived >7 days (168 hours) and were free of major congenital anomalies. Anthropometric measures (body weight, length, head circumference, and midarm circumference) were performed from birth until discharge, transfer, death, age 120 days, or a body weight of 2000 g. To obtain representative data, nutritional practices were not altered by the study protocol. Results. Postnatal growth curves suitable for clinical and research use were constructed for body weight, length, head circumference, and midarm circumference. Once birth weight was regained, weight gain (14.4–16.1 g/kg/d) approximated intrauterine rates. However, at hospital discharge, most infants born between 24 and 29 weeks of gestation had not achieved the median birth weight of the reference fetus at the same postmenstrual age. Gestational age, race, and gender had no effect on growth within 100-g birth weight strata. Appropriate-for-gestational age infants who survived to hospital discharge without developing chronic lung disease, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, or late onset-sepsis gained weight faster than comparable infants with those morbidities. More rapid weight gain was also associated with a shorter duration of parenteral nutrition providing at least 75% of the total daily fluid volume, an earlier age at the initiation of enteral feedings, and an earlier age at achievement of full enteral feedings. Conclusions. These growth curves may be used to better understand postnatal growth, to help identify infants developing illnesses affecting growth, and to aid in the design of future research. They should not be taken as optimal. Randomized clinical trials should be performed to evaluate whether different nutritional management practices will permit birth weight to be regained earlier and result in more rapid growth, more appropriate body composition, and improved short- and long-term outcomes.
Family history of cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for coronary artery disease in adult offspring.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is controversy about the role of positive family history as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of family history on presentation of coronary artery disease in adult offspring, and on its severity. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study at Tehran Heart Center (University of Tehran Medical Sciences), 6399 patients with established coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiography for standard indications were assessed. Coronary artery disease was defined as atherosclerotic involvement of more than 50% in at least one major coronary artery. RESULTS 953 patients (14.9%) had a verified positive family history of coronary artery disease, of whom 193 patients (20.2%) and 215 patients (22.5%) had paternal and maternal positive history, respectively. The mean age of clinical onset of ischemic heart disease in patients with a positive history was significantly lower than patients with no history (p < 0.001). Left main coronary lesion was significantly more frequent in patients with positive history (p = 0.017). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that presentation of coronary artery disease in the form of acute coronary syndrome was significantly more prevalent in the background of positive family history (odds ratio, OR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.14-1.83, p = 0.002), especially above 45 years old. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that positive family history is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease which strongly predisposes to the atherosclerotic process at younger ages; therefore, these patients should be evaluated and managed more intensively for other risk factors.
Architecture robuste de contrôle pour un système by-wire en partage avec le conducteur

Quand des facteurs humains interviennent dans une large majorite des accidents de la route, l’amelioration de la securite routiere passe par l’introduction de systemes d’assistance, afin d’aider le conducteur dans les tâches de conduites les plus complexes. Les systemes de conduites « by-wire », en facilitant le partage des tâches de conduites entre le conducteur et les systemes d’assistance, representent une avancee majeure vers une automatisation progressive de la conduite.Cependant, le deploiement de ces systemes est freine pour des questions de surete de fonctionnement, et necessite la mise en œuvre d’outils de diagnostique pour detecter et corriger d'eventuelles defaillances. Dans le cadre de cette these, nous evaluons un algorithme de detection et de localisation des fautes compatible avec une architecture « by-wire », base sur l’approche multi-modeles interagissants. Cette methode necessite l'estimation probabiliste de l’etat du vehicule, pour laquelle differents observateurs non lineaires sont compares. Pour cette demarche, l’accent est mis sur la validation experimentale des resultats qui a necessite l’equipement d’un vehicule de test.Une fois que la faute est localisee, nous etudions les differentes strategies de controle du vehicule en fonction des actionneurs encore disponibles.Cette etude montre que les effets d'une defaillance sur les directions decouplees sont particulierement difficiles a corriger.
Recent advances in COPD disease management with fixed-dose long-acting combination therapies

Combinations of two long-acting bronchodilators and long-acting bronchodilators with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended therapies in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Three fixed-dose combination products have recently been approved for the treatment of COPD (the long-acting β2-agonist plus long-acting muscarinic antagonist [LABA/LAMA] combinations glycopyrronium/indacaterol [QVA149] and umeclidinium/vilanterol, and the LABA/ICS fluticasone furoate/vilanterol), with others currently in late-stage development. LABA/LAMA and LABA/ICS combination therapies demonstrate positive effects on both lung function and patient-reported outcomes, with significant improvements observed with LABA/LAMA combinations compared with placebo, each component alone and other comparators in current use. No new safety concerns have been observed with combinations of long-acting bronchodilators. Combinations of two long-acting bronchodilators represent a new and convenient treatment option in COPD. This review summarizes published efficacy and safety data from clinical trials of both LABA/LAMA and novel LABA/ICS combinations in patients with COPD.