Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Values Corporate Social Responsibility in the Korean Stock Market?

In this study, we explore the stock market’s response to new information that a firm has been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) in Korea. In addition, we investigate which investor group contributes to the changes, if any significant increase in returns is found, after a firm’s incorporation into the DJSI. This study aims to identify which investors value corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the Korean stock market and examine whether the government-led campaigns for CSR have affected private sector investors, as well as those from the public sector. We find statistically significant abnormal returns for firms after their first listing in the index, implying that investors in Korean markets consider a firm’s inclusion in the DJSI as good news for the firm value. Using a unique dataset from the Korea Exchange (KRX) on investors, we classify investors into four groups: individual investors, public pension funds, other institutional investors, and foreign investors. Unlike prior studies that focus only on the existence of abnormal returns, we investigate the trading behavior of each investor group for such announcements. We find that it is mainly the buying pressure of public pension funds that generates abnormal returns. By contrast, we cannot find statistically significant results for the other investor groups. This result implies that the government-led campaign for CSR has only had limited effects in the Korean stock market, and that awareness of CSR in the private sector should be improved.
Identifying user needs for weather and climate services to enhance resilience to climate shocks in sub-Saharan Africa

The vulnerability of social-ecological systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to climate variability and change means that there is an urgent need to better integrate weather and climate information into societal decision-making processes. Long-term climate adaptation in these regions has received increasing attention, with recent initiatives aiming to increase resilience to climate change at timescales of years to decades. Less focus has been given to weather and short-term climate information. However, users are principally interested in shorter timescales (hours to seasons) where actions can immediately reduce the impacts of severe weather events. Focusing on the priority sectors of agriculture and food security, water and disaster management, this paper uses a systematic literature review approach to analyse 61 empirical case studies drawn from academic literature and projects across SSA. We identify the main users of climate services and outline current practices and reported benefits. Barriers that impede the delivery and uptake of climate services are identified and potential strategies for overcoming them outlined based on the reporting of successful practices. Our findings show that greater capacity building of personnel working for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and Agricultural Extension staff and reinforcing and sustaining collaboration between different stakeholders (climate scientists, hydrologists, extension workers, farmers and other user groups), are essential factors for improving the uptake and utility of weather and climate services to enhance resilience to climate shocks in SSA.
Impact of economic conditions and marriage market on inmates' recidivism : a longitudinal analysis

In this thesis, we study Quebec male prison population with a special focus on recidivism. We are especially interested in quantifying the impact of regional economic variables on the probability of recidivism and the number of reoffenses committed in a year. More precisely, we consider variations in regional unemployment rate, minimum wage and average disposable income. Moreover, we include in our analysis domestic predictors: being married or having a family. Since these two parameters are potentially endogenous with recidivism, we estimate bivariate probit regressions and Poisson regressions with regional sex ratios as instrumental variables. The data provided by the ministère de la Sécurité publique allows us to bring to light several results. We estimate that having a family decreases by 18% the likelihood of recidivism, while the effect marriage is not significant. No effect is found for the number of reoffenses committed, neither for being married or having a family. Finally, we find a significant positive correlation between regional wealth and recidivism, whereas we highlight that an increase in real minimum wage is associated with a decrease in recidivism.
Surgical Solutions for Aspiration Problems

a.EndoscoPy The advantage of flexible endoscopy is that 3-dimensional relationships can be assessed in their natural functions. Endoscopy with a magnifying rigid laryngoscope results in a better picture of the larynx, but changes the natural relative positions in the pharynx because the tongue is put out. An uvula which moves during nasal endoscopy towards the nasopharynx signalizes the beginning of a velum-insufficiency. Even a very slight nasal aspiration can be recognized when the
Coordination or Dominance of Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Egypt

This study investigates to what extent of coordination between the fiscal and monetary policies in Egypt in the period 1980-2017, it has been adopted in its methodology on the vector error correction and Granger causality test. It concludes that there is a significant relation between money supply and budget deficit on one hand and inflation on the other hand, and that fiscal policy is dominant in monetary policy, as a change of 10% of the budget deficit results in an increase in the inflation rate of 8.1%. As for the Granger causality test. Thus stresses the existence of causal relationship to one direction of inflation against both the budget deficit and the money supply, which affects the budget deficit in the second slowdown. Then it feeds the budget deficit and inflation in the third year, which in turn feeds the budget deficit in the fourth year and the causal relationship between inflation and money supply has concluded that there is a one-way causal relationship of money supply to inflation after four slows and then inflation affects the money supply from the fifth to the tenth slowdown. As for the relationship of the budget deficit to money supply, there may be a one-way causal relationship between the budget deficit and the money supply from the second to the tenth year, except the third year, which also confirms the dominance of fiscal policy on monetary policy in Egypt in the period under consideration.
BALANCING MASTITIS AND QUALITY

SUMMARY The International Dairy Federation definition of mastitis in the dairy cow dates from 1967 and is based partly on the cell count of quarter foremilk exceed ing 500,000 cells/ml. It is argued that this is unsustainable with the current knowledge of udder health, technical advances in controlling mastitis and demands for milk quality. It is proposed that a quarter cell count of 200,000 cells/ml should indicat e mastitis and that for practical purposes when the whole cow milk cell count exceeds 400 000 cells/ml the milk is abnormal. These changes will reflect widespread industry practice and be supportive of likely international trading standards.
Intermediate to Long-Term Results of Periacetabular Osteotomy inPatients Younger and Older Than 40 Years of Age

In 1939, Wiberg described the development of osteoarthritic changes of the hip joint in young adults who had a dysplastic hip with <20° of the center-edge (CE) angle on antero-posterior radiographs [1]. Murphy et al. [2] reported that no patient in whom the hip functioned well until the age of 65 years had had <16° of the CE angle. The function of the hip in patients with developmental dysplasia has been reported to be well for many years; however, it tended to deteriorate after those periods of time [3]. Increased joint contact pressures which were estimated from radiographs at the time of maturity of patients with developmental dysplasia have been reported to correlate with unsatisfactory clinical and radiographic outcome [4,5].
Finance and growth—shortly reconsidered

Zusammenfassung: In den 1980ern und 90ern entwickelte sich ein neues ökonomisches Paradigma: Finanzmärkte – so wurde angenommen – haben einen erheblichen Einfluss auf das Wirtschaftswachstum und die Produktivitätsentwicklung (Levine, Loayza und Beck 2000). Paradigmen kommen in der Regel auf Annahmen zurück. Solche Annahmen bieten eine gute Voraussetzung für Zirkelschlüsse. Mit der internationalen Finanzkrise 2007 wurde klar, dass der Finanzsektor nicht nur einen Einfluss auf das Wirtschaftswachstum hat, sondern im schlimmsten Fall das gesamte System gefährden kann. Während es eine umfangreiche Literatur zum Zusammenhang zwischen Finanzsystem und Wachstum vor der internationalen Finanzkrise gibt, ist dieser Untersuchungszweig nach der Krise verkümmert. In diesem Paper steht die Nachkrisenzeit im Mittelpunkt. Dabei wird klar, dass sich der vormals vorhandene Zusammenhang inzwischen kaum noch finden lässt. Dies mag auch darauf zurückgehen, dass es inzwischen ein besseres Wissen um den Zusammenhang zwischen Größe des Finanzsystems und Risiken gibt. Summary: In the 1980s and 90s of the last century, one economic paradigm gained power: financial development was considered as a major determinant of economic growth and productivity (Levine, Loayza and Beck 2000). Typically, paradigms are based on assumptions. Reality made a reconsideration of the former results necessary. With the international crisis 2007 it became clear that financial development and credit booms might not only support growth but jeopardize the whole economic system. While there exists a huge literature on the finance growth nexus before the international financial crisis analyses on post-crisis developments are rare. In this empirical paper, we focus on these post-crisis developments and find that the finance-growth nexus has widely disappeared after crisis. This might go back to a deeper understanding of systemic and financial risk.
Optimal patent duration in a lab equipment model

In this article we study optimal patent duration in a lab-equipment horizontal innovation growth framework in which patented intermediate goods are imitated – and intellectual property rights (IPR) are as a result overruled. Given a tuple of parameters faced by the policymaker, it may be optimal to choose patent duration so that no R&D takes place, to the detriment of BGP trajectories, in contrast to the view that in such a framework reducing patent protection constitutes a social loss. Moreover, as we allow for higher values of the relative risk aversion coefficient, we might find interior solutions to the optimal patent duration problem corresponding to utility models a type of IPR designed for protecting intermediate goods terms in OECD countries.
Enemy of the People: The Ghost of the F.C.C. Fairness Doctrine in the Age of Alternative Facts

The FCC Fairness Doctrine required that all major broadcasting outlets spend equal time covering both sides of all controversial issues of national importance. The Fairness Doctrine remained the standard for decades before it stopped being enforced during the Reagan administration, and was removed from the Federal Register during the Obama administration. Since the Fairness Doctrine’s disappearance, the perception by conservatives and progressives alike has been that major media outlets display overt biases towards one political affiliation or the other. As it becomes harder to determine real news from “fake news,” Americans’ trust in media is at an all-time low. An appreciable number of people of various political affiliations now want the Fairness Doctrine to be reintroduced in some form. The purpose of this article is threefold: first, to examine the modern analogues to legal and Constitutional issues that the Fairness Doctrine overcame in its infancy, as Section II explains. Second, to explore modern problems vis-à-vis media distrust, bias, and reliability, as Section III discusses. Third, to explain why a “Fairness Doctrine 2.0” would go a long way towards curbing the biases in broadcast news media and restoring the American public’s trust in journalism, outlined in Section IV. Finally, Section V will offer alternative solutions to the modern issues of media bias, public distrust of media, and “fake news. ” 1. J.D. Candidate, Class of 2020, Texas A&M University School of Law. I would like to thank Professors Lisa A. Rich and H. Brian Holland for their constant support and guidance, academically and otherwise, and Texas A&M School of Law for giving a second chance to the lonely first-year who flunked out of school. Thanks, and Gig ‘Em! 2. Mihir Zaveri, US High School Apologises for Publishing Nazi Quote in Yearbook, INDEPENDENT (June 17, 2018, 4:43 PM), https://www.independent. co.uk/news/world/ameri cas/nazi-yearbook-quote-apology-massachusetts-andover-high-school-a8403136.html. (3) KLEIN ARTICLE FINAL (2). DOCX (DO NOT DELECT) 11/1/2019 9:32 AM 46 HASTINGS COMM/ENT L.J. 42.1
Religious Tourism: A Tourism Prototype for Rural Community Development; the Case of Lalibela Area, Ethiopia

Abstract The main objective of this paper was identifying participatory religious tourism as an alternative tourism model for community advancement, heritage conservation, poverty alleviation, and overall sustainable development in rural areas. Consequently, the paper attempted to assess the awareness, participation level, and benefit-sharing trends of the local community and its impacts on religious tourism development by using primary data collected from 130 residents of Lalibela, Ethiopia, and other stakeholders. By its very nature, tourism development demands the full participation of the local community. However, the data collected from residents, key informants, experts, and the researcher’s observation revealed that the local community has limited awareness about religious tourism and tourism at large. Consequently, there is inadequate participation, and poor benefit-sharing from its development. In contrast, though the local community is the main guardians of the heritage, their limited awareness and benefit-sharing influenced their interest. Connected to this, the insufficient participation of the local community in religious tourism activities was generated and aggravated by limited awareness, lack of initial capital, and the absence of government support.
Do Popular Norms Matter for Democratic Backsliding?

Do norms have a causal impact on the decline of democratic institutions? I use a dyadic analysis that draws on data from the European and World Values Survey and Polity IV. I find that popularly held norms do not matter, but that the norms of economic elites do. There are two theoretical points driving these findings. One, the decisions of political elites is disproportionately influenced by voters wealthier than the median. The resources commanded by economic elites make them more important than the average citizen, and accordingly, their interests and values are also more important. In effect, the selectorate is considerably smaller than the full voting population. Two, wealthy elites have historically been opposed to democratic concessions. Due to greater levels of income inequality, elites’ opposition to democracy, along with their relative power, has increased. Therefore, their normative attitudes are increasingly likely to translate into democratic decline.
Intakes of Energy and Nutrients and Risk of Breast Cancer - Case-Control Study in Daegu·Gyeongbuk Area, Korea -

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of nutrient intake levels on the relative risk of breast cancer in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. The case subjects were 103 patients newly diagnosed as breast cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 159 healthy women without breast cancer-related disease in the same community selected by frequency matching of age and menopausal status. The survey was administered by indi- vidual interviews by trained dietitians using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. The odds ratios were deter- mined by using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for the confounding factors found in the analysis of ge- neral characteristics of the subjects. In overall, it has been found that high consumptions of energy and carbohydrates signi- ficantly raised the relative risk of breast cancer, and that high intakes of total fat, plant fat, dietary fiber, all kinds of fatty acids, vitamin E and calcium significantly lowered the risk of breast cancer. The results of the study suggest that the po- ssible protective factors to the breast cancer risk include a higher intakes of total fat, especially plant fat, dietary fiber, and micronutrients such as vitamin E, folic acid, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. On the other hand, high intakes of en- ergy and carbohydrate appeared to be the risk factors. (Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(8): 754 ~ 766)
Why the Ganga should not claim a right of the river

ABSTRACT This article examines the global history of a rights-based approach to nature and then focuses in on whether conferring legal rights on the River Ganga (Ganges) in India would help in its management or on the contrary produce a conflict between human rights and the right of nature. Finally, it considers the legal perils of articulating a universal right of a river by comparing the Ganga and Whanganui cases.
Journal of Economics and Business

Brand equity and service innovation are two marketing activities that have a vested interest for researchers, scholars and professionals not only because they should be part of the business strategies of any company but also because both constructs produce more and better competitive advantages especially in small service enterprises. Nonetheless, there are relatively few published investigations in the current marketing literature that have analyzed these constructs together. There are even fewer empirical papers focused on small service organizations even when this type of companies are the most common in developing countries as well as those with emerging economies, as it is the case of Mexico. Thus, the main objective of this empirical research is the analysis and discussion of the effects of service innovation in the brand equity of small firms by using a sample of 300 small enterprises and by implementing a model of structural equations that allows a deeper understanding of the current relation between service innovation and brand equity. The results obtained show that service innovation has a positive and significant effect in the level of brand equity of small firms.
The Relationship Between Load and Electricity Price in Different Time Periods Based on Granger Causality Test

With the liberalization of the market on the selling side, the user’s electricity load shows a stronger volatility, and correspondingly, the price change has a certain degree of dynamics. This paper first selects the working day load of a certain power market to realize the peak-valley period division. Secondly, with the help of Eviews software package, studying the causal relationship between load and electricity price in different time periods, the following conclusions are obtained: the peak time period electricity price has a one-way causal relationship with the peak time period load, and there is a low causal relationship between the electricity price and the electricity load during the flat time period; the valley time period electricity price has a two-way causal relationship with the electricity load.
Gene-modified bone marrow-derived stem cells: an attractive gene delivery system in inherited retinal disorders

Background: In spite of the therapeutic potential in several experimental models of inherited retinal degeneration, gene replacement therapy remains limited by technical/surgical difficulties of therapeutic gene delivery, and it seems to be effective only in young/neonatal animals. Bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC)-based therapy has been proposed as an alternative for treatment of retinal disorders. BMSC is a rich, inexhaustible source of potentially autologous adult stem cells. Despite numerous experimental evidences of their plasticity and therapeutic potential, the possibility that BMSC can populate the retina and differentiate into functionally retinal neurons and/or glia remains controversial. Objective: The issues of BMSC plasticity in the ocular system are reviewed. The therapeutic benefit of BMSC per se and gene-modified BMSC (as a vehicle for gene therapy) in inherited retinal disorders is discussed. Result: Recently, it was convincingly demonstrated that subpopulation of BMSC could restore the retinal function and structure by promoting/preserving the retinal vascularization rather than differentiating to retinal neurons/glia. In animal models of brain disorders, such as Parkinsons disease, BMSCs has been demonstrated as a promising vehicle for the delivery of therapeutic genes. Although little is known about the therapeutic potential of gene-modified BMSC in the ocular system, long-term engraftment and stable gene expression of gene-modified BMSCs have been shown in rodent retinas. Conclusion: The experimental evidences published over the past decade imply a possibility to use BMSC as a gene delivery system which can be simply transplanted and provide a stable long-term gene expression in the retina.
Association of knee range of motion and continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered a clinically effective intervention for knee arthritis. Continuous passive motion (CPM), one kind of rehabilitations following TKA, is usually identified to increase knee range of motion (ROM) and promote postoperative recovery of patients. Although many clinical trials have conducted, the results were controversial. Thus it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of CPM on ROM following TKA. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) describing CPM and ROM were obtained from the databases PubMed, Cochrane library and Excerpt Medical Database (EMBASE) up to May 2014. All analyses were conducted by Stata 12.0 software. Effect size was measured as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effect model was selected to calculate the pooled SMD. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic with significance set at a P value less than 0.10. Sub-group analyses were performed based on CPM and standard physiotherapy. Publication bias was analyzed by Egger’s test. Results: Totally, nine RCTs were retrieved in this study. Meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences between CPM and non-CPM treated patients in terms of active knee flexion ROM and active knee extension ROM at time of discharge from hospital, 6 weeks, 3 months, and more than 6 months respectively. Subgroup analyses showed no differences between CPM group and standard physiotherapy group. Conclusions: CPM following TKA does not have clinical effects on postoperative recovery in aspect of active knee flexion ROM and active knee extension ROM at different treated times.
INCREASING CORPORATE VOLUNTEERISM IN THE SWISS NATURE PARK SYSTEM

2 Acknowledgements . 3 Table of Figures . 6 A Note on Authorship . 7 Executive Summary . 8 Chapter 1: Introduction . 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 14 2.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) . 14 2.2 Motivations for Volunteerism . 16 2.3 Non-Governmental Organizations . 20 2.4 The Value of Parks. 24 Chapter 3: Methodology . 29 3.1 Parks Product . 29 3.2 Parks Process . 33 Chapter 4: Data . 39 4.1 Case Studies . 41 Chapter 5: Analysis . 52 5.1 Parks Product . 52