Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children's acceptance of xylitol-based foods.

UNLABELLED Daily consumption of xylitol (5-10 g/day) added to chewing gum and confectionary foods has been previously shown to prevent dental caries in children. METHODS Snack foods containing xylitol were developed and tested for acceptability in a convenience sample of 31 children ages 3 to 6 years. In order to mimic an after-meal snack, all children were tested during mid-morning, approximately 1 h after eating. Preference testing was based on the methodology of Birch et al. (J Nutr Educ, 1979; 11: 77-80). In the first phase, each child was presented with a tray of six xylitol-based foods (popsicles, pudding, gum drops, gelatin dessert, cookies, popcorn) and asked to taste each item in any desired order. Immediately after tasting a food, the child was asked to place it in front of one of three cartoon faces (smile, frown or neutral) representing the child's response to the taste of that particular food. In the second phase, the child was asked to rank order the foods in each face category (smile, frown or neutral). Ranks within categories were then combined to obtain a rank ordering for all of the foods. RESULTS Non-parametric data analysis indicated significant differences in ranking between the foods when they were compared to each other (Friedman ANOVA by ranks, P<0.01). Pudding was significantly less preferred than the other foods (sign tests, P<0.04). At least 84% of the children found five of the six foods very good or satisfactory, when considered individually. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that snack foods developed with xylitol are generally well accepted by children.
A fuzzy logic based controller for Loss of Mains detection

Islanding occurs when a part of the distribution system turns out to be electrically disconnected from the rest of the power system, yet keeps on being energized by DG associated with the subsystem. The IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems directs that for avoiding islands in power systems the protection equipment's and measures must be in order. Even if islanding occurs the duration of the situation must be decreased as much as possible. In order to achieve this detection, various methodologies have been proposed. This work is based on the development of a passive islanding controller for Loss of Mains detection. The developed controller has been simulated using the MATLAB SIMULINK software package and comparison has been done with the ROCOF Relay and ROCOP Relay.
Helicobacter pylori Inflammation, Immunity, and Vaccines

Helicobacter pylori infects almost 50% of the world population and is the major cause of gastroduodenal diseases. H. pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa, activates Toll‐like and Nod‐like receptors, and usually elicits a T helper 1 (Th1) type of immune response, fully polarized in peptic ulcer patients. Among several bacterial factors, the neutrophil‐activating protein represents a key factor driving Th1 inflammation. A complex and fascinating balance between H. pylori and host factors takes part in the gastric niche and allows the majority of infected individuals to be without any symptom during their entire life. Novel insights into the innate and adaptive responses against H. pylori, dealing with regulatory T cells and cytokines, CTLA‐4 molecule, cholesterol glucosylation, and immune evasion have been elucidated during the past year and are discussed for the development of an effective vaccine.
Privacy Preserving Health Monitoring Service using Cloud Computing

Mobile health (mHealth) monitoring in cloud, which imposes the prevailing mobile communications and cloud computing technologies to give feedback decision support, has been taken as a radical approach to increasing the quality of healthcare service while decreasing the healthcare price. Miserably, it also contains a severe risk on both users’ privacy and rational property of monitoring service providers, which could avert the vast adoption of mHealth technology. This paper is to confront this important drawback and model a privacy preserving mobile health monitoring system using cloud to secure the privacy of concerned parties and their information. Moreover, the outsourcing decryption technique and a lately proposed key secure proxy re encryption are suitable to shift the computational complication of the concerned parties to the cloud without compromising users’ privacy and service providers’ rational property. At last, our operation analysis and security indicates the efficiency of our proposed design.
International Management and Language

1. Setting the Scene Part 1: Introduction 2. Language Matters 3. Management and Language 4. International Management and Language 5. English as the Global Lingua Franca 6. Spreading the Managhement Gospel: In English Part 2: Introduction 7. German: A Language of Management Desigened for Klartheit Nigel Holden 8. Russia's Long Struggle with Western Terms of Management and the Concepts Behind Tem Nigel Holden, Olga Kuznetsova and Gerhard Fink 9. Language and Careers in Multinational Corporations Rebecca Piekkari 10. The Business Unit Cpncept at Akzo and the Interpreting Role of the CEO Luchien Karsten and Luc-Jan Wopert 11. Communications Strategies and Cultural Assumptions: An Analysis of French-Japanese Business Meetings Hiromasa Tanaka 12. An Italian Perspective on International Meetings, Management and Language Gina Poncini and Elisa Turra 13. Humour and Management in England Susanne Tietze Part 3: Introduction 14. Management in Other Languages: How a Philological Approach Opens Up New Cross-Cultural Vistas Nigel Holden and Carole Tansley 15. Conclusion: International Management and Translation
On the relic, cosmic abundance of stable, weakly interacting massive particles.

In the context of the expanding Universe, we solve the Boltzmann equation to obtain the relic abundance of a stable, weakly interacting massive particle species with arbitrary mass and interaction strength. We provide approximate analytic formulas for the evolution of the abundance and the final abundance. Our formulas are typically accurate to better than 5%.
Voices of the University of Botswana Social Work graduates in Community Development

Community development (CD) is one of the integral methods of Social Work practice. Its goal is to empower individuals, groups, organizations and communities to improve the economic and general social welfare of people in communities. The purpose of this paper is to report on the views of the University of Botswana Social Work graduates regarding their perceptions on the roles they play in Community Development. The paper comes out of a tracer project whose object was, among other things, to document the performance of Social Work graduates (1998-2008) employed in social and Community Development agencies and Ministry of Local Government in Botswana. The study was, in part, motivated by the perceptions that UB Social Work graduates lacked adequate training in understanding of Social Work in general, and Community Development in particular. The results of the tracer study further reveal, among other things, that UB graduates are adequately trained with requisite knowledge and skills for CD, but are constrained by lack of resources. It is therefore recommended that the Department of Social Work at the University of Botswana initiate a dialogue with stakeholders at various levels in order to examine issues affecting Community Development strategies in Botswana.
Detection of sleep apnea from multiparameter monitor signals using empirical mode decomposition

For diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), polysomnography (PSG) is used. Use of PSG is gold standard for detection of sleep apnea. This research is basically aimed at detection of sleep apnea from more commonly available physiological signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals in any simple bedside multiparameter monitors. Respiratory activity extracted from ECG and PPG signals is used for the detection of apnea episodes. This process is useful in situations when recording of PSG is not possible or as a preliminary screening test of possible OSA in patients. In the present work ECG-derived respiration (EDR) and PPG derived respiration (PDR) signals, obtained using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, and are used to detect OSA episodes. Signals from MIMIC database were used for experimentation. The test results have revealed that the proposed method has efficiently extracted respiratory information from ECG and PPG signals for detection of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The similarity parameters computed in both time and frequency domains have confirmed the same. High sensitivity and positive predictivity levels have revealed high degree of correctness.
Antiretroviral Durability and Tolerability in HIV-Infected Adults Living in Urban Kenya

Background:Insufficient data exist on the durability and tolerability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens provided by HIV treatment programs implemented in developing countries. Methods:Longitudinal observation of clinical, immunologic, and treatment parameters of all HIV-infected adult patients initiated on ART was performed at Saint Mary's Mission Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya from September 2004 until August 2006. Results:A total of 1286 patients were analyzed (59.1% female). Initial ART regimens were primarily stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine (62.1%). Median ART duration was 350 days (11.6 months). Significant improvements in clinical and immunologic status were noted after 12 months of therapy. ART switches occurred in 701 (54.5%) patients. The cumulative incidence of ART switch at 12 months was 78.4%. Concurrent ART-related toxicities (40.6%) and tuberculosis treatment interactions (28.1%) were the most frequent reasons for ART switch. Baseline AIDS symptoms (hazard rate [HR] = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28 to 1.98; P < 0.01) and a CD4 count ≤100 cells/mm3 (HR = 1.20, CI: 1.01 to 1.43; P = 0.04) were independent predictors of ART switch. ART-related clinical toxicity occurred in 341 (26.5%) patients. Peripheral neuropathy was reported most frequently (20.7%). A CD4 count ≤100 cells/mm3 was an independent predictor of clinical toxicity. Conclusions:Excellent clinical and immunologic responses to ART were observed in this urban Kenyan population; however, frequent switches in ART among medication classes because of toxicity or drug interactions may limit the durability of these responses.
Brain Metabolic Alterations in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes–Hyperglycemia-Induced Injury

Microangiopathic end-organ injury is common in type 1 diabetes. However, the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy is poorly understood. The authors studied 10 normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes with retinopathy, autonomic neuropathy, but without nephropathy, and 10 healthy subjects. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed at 1.5 T in the frontal cortex, thalamus, and posterior frontal white matter. There was no change in N-acetyl–containing compounds (NA), but choline-containing compounds (Cho) were increased in the white matter and in the thalamus; myo-inositol was increased in the white matter, glucose excess was found in all brain, and water intensity was increased in the cortical voxel in the patients. Calculated lifetime glycemic exposure correlated inversely with Cho and NA in white matter and with Cho in thalamus. Concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecules and vascular cell adhesion molecules were increased in the patients. In conclusion, in patients with type 1 diabetes, the increase in adhesion molecules and an association between altered brain metabolites and glycemic exposure suggest the presence of a vascularly mediated, progressive metabolic disturbance in the brain.
Pricing and Hedging of European Plain Vanilla Options under Jump Uncertainty

This paper studies the pricing and hedging problem of European plain vanilla options in a modified Black–Scholes market. That is the price of the risky asset is allowed to jump, where the timing and the size of the jump is unknown (with no jump being possible as well). Using a superhedging approach, worst case pricing formulae, Greeks, and superhedging strategy for call and put options will be given in closed form (where the closed form is of the same level as the Black–Scholes solution) and will be discussed. Moreover, the worst case prices explain the volatility smile which can be observed in market data. Finally, the model is calibrated to market data.
Lysine transport by brush-border membrane vesicles of eel intestine: interaction with neutral amino acids.

L-[3H]lysine uptake was measured in brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from intestinal mucosa of the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Lysine uptake occurred via 1) a nonsaturable component with an apparent diffusional permeability (P) of 0.58 microliter.mg protein-1.min-1,2) a Na-dependent transport system [half-saturation constant (Kapp) 0.16 mM, maximal transport rate (Jmax) 3.57 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1]; 3) a Na-independent transport system (Kapp 0.17 mM, Jmax 2.77 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1). Both carrier-mediated processes were accelerated by the presence of an intravesicular negative membrane potential. Hill analysis of L-lysine influx, over a wide range of external Na concentrations, resulted in a Hill coefficient (n) of approximately 2, suggesting that two or more Na ions may be associated with amino acid transport. The inhibition of lysine uptake by other amino acids was studied. Na-dependent lysine uptake was competitively inhibited by proline [inhibitory constant (Ki) approximately 2 mM] and may occur by a system specific for cationic amino acids. Na-independent lysine uptake was competitively inhibited by alanine (Ki approximately 1 mM) and may occur by a classic L system.
Stochastic volatility versus autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity

During the last few years there has been an increasing interest in modelling time-varying volatilities of high frequency financial time series. Several models have been proposed, being the most popular between econometricians the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) based models. However, in the financial literature stochastic volatility (SV) models have been widely used, mainly when dealing with option valuation models. Both kinds of models imply similar statistical properties on the returns series and both are able of explaining the stilized facts often observed in empirical time series of returns (high kurtosis, autocorrelations of the squares etc;). It is of interest to apply each of these alternative models to the same data set, with the aim of investigating the different implications each might have for the predictability of volatility. In particular, we consider three models, GARCH(l,l), EGARCH(l,l) and AR(l)-SV, and fit each of them to four daily exchange rates. Comparisons are made between the corresponding univariate models. The main conclusion is that there are important differences between the models in the one-step-ahead predictions of volatility. SV models fit better in the center of the distribution of returns while GARCH and EGARCH models are better in the tails of the distribution.
Acoustic Noise Alters Selective Attention Processes as Indicated by Direct Current (DC) Brain Potential Changes

Acoustic environmental noise, even of low to moderate intensity, is known to adversely affect information processing in animals and humans via attention mechanisms. In particular, facilitation and inhibition of information processing are basic functions of selective attention. Such mechanisms can be investigated by analyzing brain potentials under conditions of externally directed attention (intake of environmental information) versus internally directed attention (rejection of environmental stimuli and focusing on memory/planning processes). This study investigated brain direct current (DC) potential shifts—which are discussed to represent different states of cortical activation—of tasks that require intake and rejection of environmental information under noise. It was hypothesized that without background noise rejection tasks would show more positive DC potential changes compared to intake tasks and that under noise both kinds of tasks would show positive DC shifts as an expression of cortical inhibition caused by noise. DC potential shifts during intake and rejection tasks were analyzed at 16 standard locations in 45 persons during irrelevant speech or white noise vs. control condition. Without noise, rejection tasks were associated with more positive DC potential changes compared to intake tasks. During background noise, however, this difference disappeared and both kinds of tasks led to positive DC shifts. Results suggest—besides some limitations—that noise modulates selective attention mechanisms by switching to an environmental information processing and noise rejection mode, which could represent a suggested “attention shift”. Implications for fMRI studies as well as for public health in learning and performance environments including susceptible persons are discussed.
Collaborative UAVs Cloud

Most collaborative UAVs applications are built using traditional technologies that need the dedication of huge development efforts, time, and budget. In this paper, we introduce a new concept, Collaborative UAVs Cloud, to simplify the efforts and reduce the time and cost needed to develop collaborative UAVs applications. This concept utilizes the recent technology of mobile cloud computing for presenting a set of resources in multiple UAVs as a set of mobile cloud services. The cloud services in addition to ground cloud computing services can be used together to enable the development and operations of collaborative UAVs. In the proposed cloud, special collaboration methods are offered as services to reduce the time and cost of development hence they become plug and play components to be used when needed. This proposed cloud offers different opportunities in UAVs applications development and deployment; however, some technical challenges are present and need to be addressed before the actual benefits can be realized at a cost-effective price. Some of these challenges include the UAVs' energy levels, high mobility, and current locations. This paper proposes a framework for Collaborative UAVs Cloud and presents its opportunities and challenges.
Combat-Related Pythium aphanidermatum Invasive Wound Infection: Case Report and Discussion of Utility of Molecular Diagnostics

ABSTRACT We describe a 22-year-old soldier with 19% total body surface area burns, polytrauma, and sequence- and culture-confirmed Pythium aphanidermatum wound infection. Antemortem histopathology suggested disseminated Pythium infection, including brain involvement; however, postmortem PCR revealed Cunninghamella elegans, Lichtheimia corymbifera, and Saksenaea vasiformis coinfection. The utility of molecular diagnostics in invasive fungal infections is discussed.
Performance of speech-language pathology students in problem-based learning tutorials and in clinical practice

Abstract The purpose of the study was to identify if performance of speech-language pathology students in problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials could predict subsequent clinical performance evaluated through (a) a non-standardized, custom clinical evaluation form (HKU form) and (b) a standardized competency assessment for speech pathology developed in Australia (COMPASS®). Students’ scores from PBL tutorial performance were correlated with scores in clinical placement on both the HKU form and the COMPASS. Significant correlations were found between students’ PBL tutorial performance (reflective journals and participation in the tutorial process) and their clinical performance (treatment and interpersonal skills) on the HKU clinical evaluation form. Significant correlations were also found between (a) PBL tutorial performance (participation in the tutorial process) and their clinical performance (all generic and occupational competencies, and the overall score) on the COMPASS, (b) PBL tutorial performance (reading forms) and two occupational competencies on the COMPASS, (c) PBL tutorial performance (reflective journals) and four occupational competencies and the overall score on the COMPASS. The results highlighted the need for validating the assessment for the learning process in PBL tutorials with empirical evidence and the advantage of assessing clinical performance through COMPASS in Hong Kong. Tutors, clinical supervisors and students should be given clear behavioral descriptors for expected performance in PBL tutorials and clinical practice at different year levels.
Effect of meiotic recombination on the production of aneuploid gametes in humans

Within the last decade, aberrant meiotic recombination has been confirmed as a molecular risk factor for chromosome nondisjunction in humans. Recombination tethers homologous chromosomes, linking and guiding them through proper segregation at meiosis I. In model organisms, mutations that disturb the recombination pathway increase the frequency of chromosome malsegregation and alterations in both the amount and placement of meiotic recombination are associated with nondisjunction. This association has been established for humans as well. Significant alterations in recombination have been found for all meiosis I-derived trisomies studied to date and a subset of so called “meiosis II” trisomy. Often exchange levels are reduced in a subset of cases where the nondisjoining chromosome fails to undergo recombination. For other trisomies, the placement of meiotic recombination has been altered. It appears that recombination too near the centromere or too far from the centromere imparts an increased risk for nondisjunction. Recent evidence from trisomy 21 also suggests an association may exist between recombination and maternal age, the most widely identified risk factor for aneuploidy. Among cases of maternal meiosis I-derived trisomy 21, increasing maternal age is associated with a decreasing frequency of recombination in the susceptible pericentromeric and telomeric regions. It is likely that multiple risk factors lead to nondisjunction, some age dependent and others age independent, some that act globally and others that are chromosome specific. Future studies are expected to shed new light on the timing and placement of recombination, providing additional clues to the link between altered recombination and chromosome nondisjunction.
The LifeShirt system for wireless patient monitoring in the operating room

We examined the functionality and reliability of a wearable physiological monitoring system (LifeShirt) during normal daily activities and in a hospital operating room (OR) environment. The garment collects physiological data such as oxygen saturation, and stores them in a recorder from which it can be read afterwards. Ten normal subjects wore the shirt continuously for 8 h per day. Feedback from the testers was quite positive, although the collected data varied in quality. Ten hospital patients also wore the shirt during endoscopy. The data collected during the hospital stay were qualitatively adequate. Measuring respiratory function caused the biggest problems. The study showed that intelligent garment technology could be used in an OR environment for patient monitoring, albeit not in realtime. It may also be useful in home follow-up.