Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Validation of Putative Erwinia mallotivora Effectors proteins via Quantitative Proteomics and Real Time Analysis

Papaya dieback disease symptom can be depicted through the manifestation of greasy water-soaked lesions and spots on leaves and crowns as well as defoliation and blemishing of papaya tress and fruits. Erwinia mallotivora which was phenotypically, biochemically and genotypically shown as the close relative of E. papayae, is accountable for the devastating papaya dieback disease in Malaysia. Virulent factors are known to be secreted out from plant pathogen for them to take effect. Only a small amount of information is available on E. mallotivora mechanism of virulence. In an attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms leading to the bacterial pathogenesis; protein profiling of E. mallotivora was studied using iTRAQ mass spectrometry analysis. Erwinia mallotivora was grown in selected nutrient rich and minimal media that simulate the environment of papaya leaf apoplast. Identification of hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) and virulence proteins from papaya dieback pathogen, E. mallotivora, were conducted through increased fold changes in gene expression of the pathogen in media that stimulate the expression of virulent related proteins after LC MS-MS, bioinformatics and database search analysis. Analysis of the results showed that the expression of proteins grown in the minimal media were different when compared to the proteins expressed in rich media. Putative pathogenicity and virulence related proteins were identified. They include chorismate mutase, lipoprotein, achromobactin, Type III Secretion System (T3SS), proteases and hydrolase proteins. Validation of selected T3SS proteins and chorismate mutase through quantitative real-time polymerase chain raction (qPCR) showed a correlation with the results obtained. The identified proteins may represent important proteins that contribute to the bacterial pathogenicity and virulence. The approach used in this study may be useful for further analyses in order to understand the molecular mechanism underlying papaya plant defense against E. mallotivora with the hope to develop novel strategies to control this important plant pathogen. This may provide insights into the bacterial pathogenesis and pave the solutions for disease management.
Load Balancing using DWARR Algorithm in Cloud Computing

Day by Day increasing traffic on internet introduces the requirement of load balancing concept to get the most utilization of the resources available on Cloud. There are so many complex calculations and concepts implemented to achieve better and better resource utilization and performance. Out of all this complexity the Round robin algorithm provide the simplest solution for load balancing in cloud environment. So we are going to use round robin as a base algorithm and propose DWARR(Dynamic Weighted Average Round Robin) an improved version of load balancing algorithm in the paper
Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Hernaria Cinerea a , Family Caryophyllacea

This research aims to detect the Phytochemical Screening and investigate chemical constituents of Hernaria cinerea in different months (March, April and May). Water content, total ash, organic matter, acid soluble and insoluble ash, water soluble and insoluble ash, crude fiber, total carbohydrates, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, total nitrogen, total protein, total lipids, free amino acids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total saponins, total tannins and total alkaloids were analyzed. Water content, organic matter, total carbohydrates, insoluble carbohydrates, total nitrogen, total protein, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total tannins and total saponins were increased in March while soluble carbohydrates and total alkaloids were increased in April, while total ash, acid soluble and insoluble ash, water soluble and insoluble ash and crude fiber were increased in May. Preliminary phytochemical screening in different months of Hernaria cinerea showed that Volatile oil is absent. Ld50 of methanol extract 70% of Hernaria cinerea was 5500 mg /Kg. two specific dose (275 mg/kg and 525 mg/kg) used for hepatoprotective activity of Hernaria cinerea evaluation and results showed that the total extract of Hernaria cinerea plant produced high effect for protection of hepatic cells. [Sharf AMA, Sofy MR, Elhaw MH, Elsaid MS. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Hernaria Cinereaa, Family Caryophyllacea. Rep Opinion 2015;7(8):14-21]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub. net/report. 4
Sparseness and Self-Similarity Based Rician Noise Removal of Magnetic Resonance Image

— An important pre processing step for MRI data processing is noise reduction. Noise removal is a crucial step to increase image quality and performance of all the tasks needed for quantitative imaging analysis. A new approach is introduced to enhance de-noising of magnetic resonance images that exploit the sparseness and self-similarity properties of the images. These methods are based on a three-dimensional moving-window discrete cosine transform hard thresholding and a three-dimensional rotationally invariant version of the well-known nonlocal means filter. The adaptation of the proposed methods is to allow them to handle the type of noise present in magnitude of MRI (Rician noise). The proposed approaches are compared with related state-of-the-art methods and found to produce very competitive results. Both methods run in very less time, making them usable in most clinical and research settings.
A Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network for Up-Scaling Wind Speed Profile

Maximizing gains from wind energy potential is the principle objective of the wind power sector. Consequently, wind tower size is radically increasing. However, choosing an appropriate wind turbine for a selected site requires having an accurate estimation of vertical wind profile. This is also imperative from the cost and maintenance strategy point of view. Installing tall towers or other expensive devices such as LIDAR or SODAR raises the costs of a wind power project. In this work, we aim to investigate the ability of a Neural Network trained using the Bayesian Regularization technique to estimate wind speed profile up to a height of 100m based on knowledge of wind speed at lower heights. Results show that the proposed approach can achieve satisfactory predictions and prove the suitability of the proposed method for generating wind speed profile and probability distributions based on knowledge of wind speed at lower heights.
Structural Properties and Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Magnesium Gluconate Using LC-MS and NMR Spectroscopy

Magnesium gluconate has the wide application for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of The Trivedi Effect ® Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on magnesium gluconate for the change in the structural properties and isotopic abundance ratio (PM+1/PM) using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Magnesium gluconate was divided into two parts – one part was control, and another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect ® Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect ® Treated sample. The LC-MS analysis of both the control and treated samples revealed the presence of the mass of the protonated magnesium gluconate at m/z 415 at the retention time of 1.53 minutes with almost similar fragmentation pattern. The relative peak intensities of the fragment ions of the treated sample were significantly altered compared with the control sample. The proton and carbon signals for CH, CH2 and CO groups in the proton and carbon NMR spectra were observed almost similar for the control and the treated samples. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis revealed that the percentage of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM ( 2 H/ 1 H or 13 C/ 12 C or 17 O/ 16 O or 25 Mg/ 24 Mg) was significantly increased in treated sample by 80.38%, compared with the control sample. Briefly, 13 C, 2 H, 17 O, and 25 Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14) + to m/z 416; 18 O and 26 Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14) + to m/z 417 in the treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. Thus, the treated magnesium gluconate could be valuable for designing better pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical formulations through its changed physicochemical and thermal properties, which might be providing better therapeutic response against various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, allergy, aging, inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, and other chronic infections. The Trivedi Effect ® treated magnesium gluconate might be supportive to design the novel potent enzyme inhibitors using its kinetic isotope effects.
Prelicensure Simulation Program Best Practice

The prevalence of simulation in prelicensure nursing programs has increased, with most programs having integrated simulation into their nursing curriculum. Standards, guidelines, and recommendations defining best practice in prelicensure nursing simulation have been published since the inception of the St. Catherine University (SCU) Associate Degree (AD) nursing simulation program. Therefore, it is prudent to assess the simulation program to determine needed revisions to assure best practices are being met. The SCU AD nursing simulation program was compared to published standards to identify areas of strength and weakness. The program was also compared to two similar nursing programs in the community. Recommendations to improve the simulation program to meet best practice in simulation include: basing the program on an identified educational theory; providing faculty training in simulation implementation, structure of debriefing, and debriefing models; and evaluating the effectiveness of the debriefing facilitation using valid and reliable tools. These recommendations meet expected core competencies for nurse educators and assure attention to continual improvement of student outcomes.
Preserving Location Information Privacy in Location Database

: During a conference held in April 2011, a bombshell was dropped that apple iPhone and 3G iPad were recording devices locations and; this led to interrogation of other phones and apps and proved to be extracting and recording location information that are stored somewhere [1]. This collected information is being stored in a database file named “ consolidated db. ” [2] . As mobile and other handheld devices connect and disconnect from mobile network anytime anywhere, we shall be posed with privacy threat. This flexibility no doubt is being caused in the process of accessing Location based services (LBS) among others. These LBSs are applications access on mobile network by mobile devices using their current locations appropriately. Basically, the idea is that, location systems track users automatically and collect sensitive information; such should be control against eavesdroppers as well as allowing access to services. For any LBS to be offered to a user, the location server has to be contacted directly or indirectly and therefore, preserving privacy of such information in the server, is worth researching. Our proposed research focus only on those LBS where user must reveal the user identity in accessing them. Our methodology does not guarantee absolute privacy as perfect privacy is impossible to achieve as long as communication takes place [3].
Moment Invariants based Blur Detection and Estimation for Blind Image Restoration

— Restoring degraded images is a critical problem in the field of image processing. Although various techniques for image restoration have been proposed in literature, there is still no global solution for blind image restoration problem. In practical applications, the degradation function is unknown and it is to be estimated in order to restore the image. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the blur type present in an image using moment invariants. The proposed method is novel and provides significant contribution in this area and solves the primary steps of blur detection which is required in the framework of any blind image restoration algorithm. We have proposed a technique to estimate the parameters of motion blur using Hough transform. The simulation results show that our algorithm provides better quality images with less error in blur parameter estimation.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS OF GRADED LEVELS OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT OFFAL (BGO) BASED DIETS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER CHICKEN

An eight weeks (8) feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets containing 10% and 20% levels of heat processed and enzymes processed Bambara Groundnut Offal (BGO) diets. A total of 180 starter broiler chicks were assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, each treatment was replicated three (3) times with twelve (12) birds per replicate. Five (5) experimental diets T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were formulated for the starter and finisher phase such that T1 had 0% BGO and served as the control diet. T2 and T3 had 10% and 20% heat processed BGO respectively while T4 and T5 had 10% and 20% enzymes processed BGO respectively, and fed for 56days. At the end of the finisher phase, three (3) birds from each dietary treatment were randomly selected and moved to metabolic cages and allowed to acclimatize for three (3) days, after which weighed amount of feed was fed to them daily and faecal samples collected daily for four (4) days, samples were oven dried weighed and sampled for digestibility analysis. Results of the experiment indicate that, in both phases of the experiment no significant difference (P>0.05) in average final weight (AFW), total weight gain (TWG) and daily weight gain (DWG). There were significance differences (P<0.05) in average total feed intake (ATFI) and daily feed intake (DFI). Feed conversion ratio FCR was not significantly (P>0.05) affected at different levels of BGO inclusion in the two processing methods in both starter and finisher phase. Nutrient digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and nitrogen free extract was not significantly (P<0.05) affected. However, there were significant differences (P>0.05) in crude protein and crude fibre digestibility. Both processing methods of BGO at 10% and 20% inclusion rate did not have any adverse effect on broiler chicken production, however, 20% heat processed BGO is recommended for reduced dietary cost.
Use of Social Networking Sites in Higher Education A case study of Northern Border University

— SNS (Social Networking Sites) are sought after in almost all societies in the world today due to multiplication of usages. They not only provide best platform and room to meet new and existing friends online to remain connected to them but also help to share photos. Equally is noticeable use of SNSs for other purposes to transform societies into many aspects. Their use for educational purposes is remarkable in current context. It is undeniable that large number of SNSs have privacy, advertisement and subscription related concerns but on the other hands SNSs equally offer flexibility, accessibility, embedding video, two-way communication with no cost at all. The significance of present research lies in that important fact that it adds to our knowledge of subject in numerous contexts of usage. Among learning problems having been discussed in this paper is the extent to which ICT is really integrated in the university education system. Present research attempts to add new brick to enhance complete structure. This research is going to help learn many key factors especially better understanding of current problems faced. Similarly, it focuses on factors such as how students and faculty members of Northern Border University (NBU) take SNSs for various purposes, whether for personal or professional use and their applications in the educational purposes
DESIGN OF CURRENT MODE R-2R LADDER DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER USING SWITCHABLE MOS DEVICES

This paper present a design of Current mode MOS only R-2R ladder Digital to Analog converter using an innovative technique for dividing currents accurately. The resistances in conventional R-2R ladder Digital to Analog Converter are replaced by NMOS as switch which has lower power & area. The design of R-2R ladder is supported by current mode architecture which results efficient reduction in power dissipation. The design is supported by implementation of 4 bit R-2R ladder network using NMOS transistors only. Four bit D to A converters use an LSB current of 10uA and implemented using 180nm CMOS process.
Multi-product Pipeline Scheduling Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

: Scheduling is of great importance to multi-product pipeline of batch transportation. Optimizing scheduling plan and pump distribution program as a whole, considering the balance of energy supply and hydraulic condition, a mathematical model of optimal operation condition was developed by employing the principle of minimization of the power consumption. Adaptive genetic algorithm was used to solve the model. The optimized scheduling plan and the pump distribution program can be obtained after calculation. By using this program, optimized scheduling plan and pump distribution program can be made automatically.
The Effects of Different levels of using Zinc nano chelated fertilizers and humic acid on Growth Parameters and on some quality and quantity Characteristics of Medicinal Plants of Savory

savory, member of Labiatae family, is an annual plant. In order to investigate the effect of zinc nano chelated fertilizers foliar application and humic acid on savory, an experiment was arranged on randomized design in four replications during the 2014-2015 cropping seasons in the research greenhouse of the Institute of, University of zabol, Iran). The treatments were humic acid concentrations in four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 on each one 1000 m/liters water) and nano Zn chelated fertilizer in four levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg; on each one at 1000 m/liters per water) and second factor included zinc nano chelated foliar application in four levels, Zn1, control, Zn2, 50mg zinc nano chelated fertilizers foliar application per 1000m/ liter water, Zn3; 100mg zinc nano chelated fertilizers foliar application per 1000m/ liter water and Zn4, 200mg zinc nano chelated fertilizers foliar application per 1000 liter water. The results showed that humic acid, nano zn chelated fertilizer and the interaction of humic acid and nano Zn chelated fertilizer had significant in 1 % probability level effects on Stem diameter, Root length, root dry weight, root fresh weight, Phosphorus,Number of leaves per plant, Chlorophyll content t (SPAD value), Essential oil content t and zinc content . Application system Fertilizers effective in improving qualityand quantity characterties and the highest concentration of Stem diameter, Root length, root dry weight, root fresh weight, Phosphorus,Number of leaves per plant, Chlorophyll content t (SPAD value), Essential oil content t and zinc content . were obtained in mixture treatment.
EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN AGAINST GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES IN GOAT

A total of 30 Black Bengal goats weighing (11-19 ± 2.6) kg irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal parasites were selected for this experiment and were randomly assigned into one of three equal groups (n =10) A(control), B (0.2% curcumin with normal ration) and C (0.6% curcumin with normal ration) with free access to food and water for 60 days. The body weight increased in some cases by the treatment with the advancement of age but statistically insignificant. The highest body weight was found in the group C. The eosionphil count of group B and C decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to control. At the end of experiment the lowest eosinophil count was observed in the group C but at the beginning of the experiment, it was the highest. The fecal egg count of Paramphistomum worm in group C was significantly higher than others (p<0.05). In control group the rate of infestation were increased (Akanda et al., 2012) but at the 60 day of the experiment the fecal egg count in all group is significantly lower (p<0.05). The egg count of Haemonchus sp. and Strongyles was insignificant throughout the experiment. No characteristic lesion has been identified in the gastro-intestinal mucosa but gastritis with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the sub mucosa and in the liver parenchyma showing coagulation necrosis in the hepatocytes around the central vein and slightly swollen hepatocytes of the control animals as well as 0.6 % curcumin fed animals.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RERANKING TECHNIQUES FOR WEB IMAGE SEARCH

The Image reranking is effective for improving the web image search. The search engines are mostly based on text and constrained due to user search by keyword which results into ambiguity among images. The noisy or irrelevant images may be present in the retrieved results. The purpose of web image search re-ranking is to reorder retrieved elements to get optimal rank list. The existing visual reranking schemes improve text-based search results by making the use of visual information. These methods are based on low-level visual features, and do not take into account the semantic relationship among images. Semantic attribute assisted re-ranking is proposed for web image search. Using the classifiers for predefined attributes, each image is represented by attribute features. The hypergraph is used to model the relationship between images. Hypergraph ranking is carried out to order the images. The basic principle is that similar images should have similar ranking. This paper presents a detail review of different image retrieval and reranking approaches. The purpose of the survey is to provide an overview and analysis of the functionality, merits, and demerits of the existing image reranking systems, which can be useful for researchers for developing effective system with more accuracy.
Application of Differential Evolution in Truck Trailer Backer Upper Control problem

— The differential evolution algorithm is used to optimize the control problem of truck trailer backer upper parking. The results are simulated with different parameters, like initial and final position of the TTBU, angles of cabin and trailer. This paper presents an approach to solve truck-trailer backer upper problem which is a bench mark nonlinear problem of the control system. The results are compared with fuzzy-logic approach.
A New Color Image Compression Based on Fractal and Discrete Cosine Transform

: Fractal Image Compression is a compression method in which self similar nature of an image is used. It is a way to encode images that require less storage space. In this paper, an implementation based on fractal with quadtree and Discrete Cosine Transform is proposed to compress the color image. Initially the image is segmented and DCT is applied to each block of the image. Then the block values are scanned in zigzag manner to prevent zero coefficients. The resultant image is partitioned as fractals by quadtree technique. Finally the image is compressed using Run Length encoding Technique. Experimental results show that the proposed technique compresses the image effectively with high PSNR value and SSIM index.