Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of genetic variation in the MHC Class II DRB region on resistance and susceptibility to Johne’s disease in endangered Indian Jamunapari goats

The pathogenesis of Johne’s disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is complex and has not been completely understood yet. In the present study, we analysed the polymorphism in the exon‐2 of the caprine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II DRB region and its association with resistance or susceptibility to JD. A total of 203 Jamunapari goats, which is an Indian endangered breed highly susceptible to JD, kept at a single farm were studied. On the basis of clinical signs, microscopic examination, faecal culture, ELISA and diagnostic PCR, 60 and 143 goats were classified as resistant and susceptible to JD, respectively. PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) with two enzymes, PstI and TaqI, was used to assess variation in the DRB gene(s) in all 203 goats studied. Two di‐allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), here referred as ‘P’ and ‘T’, were tested. In each of them, three genotypes were found in the group analysed. The minimum allele frequencies (MAFs) were 0.233 and 0.486 for the P and T SNPs, respectively. Statistically significant associations between alleles, individual genotypes and composed genotypes of both SNPs were found. The frequency of p and t alleles, of individual pp and tt and of composed pptt genotypes were significantly higher (Pcorr < 0.001) in the ‘resistant’ group as compared to the ‘susceptible’ group, while the P and T alleles were associated with susceptibility (Pcorr < 0.001). In heterozygous genotypes, susceptibility was dominant over resistance. The effects of both SNP on resistance and susceptibility were comparable and composed heterozygous genotypes showed intermediate levels of susceptibility in terms of the odds ratio and P‐values calculated.
Clinical significance of MUC1 and MUC2 mucin and p53 protein expression in colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Up-regulation of MUC1, down-regulation of MUC2 and p53 overexpression are seen in colorectal carcinomas. However, there have been few reports about the associations between MUC1, MUC2 and p53 expression and metastatic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate MUC1, MUC2 and p53 expression in colorectal carcinoma with special reference to regional and distant metastasis. METHODS Eighty-six colorectal carcinomas were collected from patients undergoing tumor resection. Sections were used for MUC1, MUC2 and p53 immunostaining. Cancers were regarded as MUC1 or MUC2 positive when the positive cells were beyond 30% of cancer cells. Cancers with diffuse or nested patterns were regarded as having p53 overexpression. RESULTS Of 86 cancers, 37 (43%) were MUC1 positive, 28 (33%) were MUC2 positive and 59 (69%) showed p53 overexpression. A difference was observed only in the frequency of MUC1 positivity with respect to depth of tumor invasion. Neither depth of tumor invasion nor histological differentiation had a positive correlation with MUC1, MUC2 and p53 overexpression. The frequency of MUC1 positive cells in Dukes' C and D tumors was significantly higher than that in Dukes' A and B tumors. The frequency of MUC1 positivity in tumors with hepatic involvement was significantly higher than that in tumors without hepatic involvement (100 vs 39%; p < 0.01). There was no difference in the frequency of MUC2 or p53 positivity in Dukes' stage or hepatic metastasis. MUC1 immunoreactivity of the surface was identical with that of the whole tumor in 81% (70/86) of carcinomas, MUC 2 in 87% and p53 in 100%. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that up-regulation of MUC1 is involved in the progression from the non-metastatic to the metastatic stage and that p53 abnormality is not directly involved in it. The data also imply that immunostaining of preoperative biopsy samples is useful for evaluating the immunoreactivity of the whole tumor.
Effects of paclitaxel liposome and capecitabine in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer by clinical observation.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and side effects of paclitaxel liposome and capecitabine in the treatment of 34 cases with advanced gastric cancer. METHOD For 64 patients with advanced gastric cancer, 30 cases were treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF group, control group), and 34 cases were treated with paclitaxel liposome and capecitabine (PC group, experimental group). DCF group: 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel, d1; 20 mg/m2 of cisplatin, d1-5; 350 mg/m2 of 5-fluorouracil, 4 - 6 hours of intravenous drip, d1-5, a cycle of 21 days. PC group: 135 mg/m2 of paclitaxel liposome, d1; 2,000 mg/m2.d of capecitabine, oral dose of twice per day, d1-14, a cycle of 21 days. RESULT CONTROL GROUP the chemotherapy with a total of 122 cycles, with an average of 4.07 cycles; 2 cases of complete remission (CR), 12 cases of partial remission (PR), 7 cases of stable disease (SD), and 9 cases of development of progressive disease (PD); 46.7% of the immediate efficacy (remission rate (RR)), 70% of the disease control rate (DCR), 6.9 months of median PFS, and 12.5 months of median OS. Experimental group: the chemotherapy with a total of 169 cycles, with an average of 4.97 cycles; 14 cases of PR, 9 cases of SD, and 11 cases of PD; 46.7% of the immediate efficacy (RR), 70% of the disease control rate (DCR), 6.9 months of median progression-free survival (PFS), and 12.5 months of median overall survival (OS). There were no remarkable differences in RR, DCR, PFS curve, or OS curve for the two groups. The major toxicity of the two groups was hematological toxicity. The incidence of grade III - IV leucopenia in the control and experimental group was 56.7% and 17.6%, respectively. And the incidence of grade III - IV anemia was 13.3% and 2.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION As an ideal schema in first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer, paclitaxel liposome combined with capecitabine is generally well tolerated in clinical use, and is worth further extension.
1.6 GHz – 3 GHz, 10W, 60% efficiency class-J PA for cognitive radio applications

This paper presents the design of a broadband, 1.6-3 GHz, 10 W class-J power amplifier (PA). Analytical expressions of theoretical current and voltage waveforms as well as the fundamental and second harmonic impedance derivations are provided. Taking into account the extrinsic parasitic elements and the nonlinear drain-source capacitance of the packaged RF power transistor, an external output matching network is designed to provide the proper impedances on the design space to the transistor current source plane. Source-pulling of the transistor led to the design a broadband input matching network. The designed amplifier exhibits greater than 60% efficiency and almost 40 dBm output power over 1.4 GHz frequency bandwidth.
Effectiveness of reflective exercises for obstetrics and gynaecological residents.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of reflective exercises in obstetrics and gynaecology (OB/GY) residents for the improvement in certain identified skills. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Gynaecology Unit III, Services Institute of Medical Sciences / Services Hospital, Lahore, from September 2009 to August 2010. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four residents from all 4 years of residency program were included in the study after their informed consent. The competencies identified were surgical skills, professionalism, communication skills and critical appraisal skills. The reflective exercises evaluation was done on questionnaire designed for this purpose. RESULTS The results showed that the residents initially had underdeveloped ability to engage into purposeful reflective exercises, which improved with practice and showed encouraging results. Reflective exercises particularly helped in improvement of surgical skills as opposed to other identified competencies. CONCLUSION Regular engagement of postgraduate trainees in reflective exercises in a purposeful manner has encouraging results in terms of improvement in surgical, communication, critical appraisal skills and has a role in boosting professionalism among residents. However, a longitudinal multicentre study can give better insight regarding the effectiveness of this practice.
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in experimental renovascular hypertension: diastolic dysfunction depends more on myocardial collagen than it does on myocardial mass

Objective To evaluate regression of experimental left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in terms of its effects both on myocardial collagen levels and on diastolic stiffness. Methods Two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats were left untreated for 4 weeks (HT4W, n=12) or 12 weeks (HT12W, n=11) and compared with rats the treatment of which was started after 4 weeks of hypertension with 30mg/kg per day losartan for 8 weeks (LOS, n=12), or 50mg/l enalapril for 8 weeks (ENA, n=11). A group of sham-operated rats served as controls (SHAM, n=9). Results The blood pressure of the rats increased significantly and LVH developed both after 4 and after 12 weeks of hypertension. Treatment with losartan or enalapril significantly decreased blood pressure and induced complete regression of LVH. Myocardial hydroxyproline concentrations increased in groups HT4W and HT12W (530 ± 153 and 581 ±111 µg/g, respectively) relative to that in the SHAM group (421 ± 22 µ/g). None of the treatments induced regression of increased myocardial collagen levels. The slopes of the end-diastolic stress-strain relationships in the isolated beating hearts were significantly higher in HT4W, in HT12W and in both treated groups compared with those in the SHAM group, indicating increased diastolic myocardial stiffness. Conclusion Losartan and enalapril treatments decreased blood pressure and induced complete regression of LVH in this model of renovascular hypertension. In contrast, none of the treatments induced regression of increased myocardial collagen levels or reduced the abnormal left ventricular diastolic stiffness. These data suggest that diastolic dysfunction depends more on increased myocardial collagen levels than it does on myocardial mass in this model of pathological LVH.
The objective-subjective assessment of noise: Young adults can estimate loudness of events and lifestyle noise

Objective: The aim of the study was to establish whether individuals can subjectively estimate: (1) the loudness of events with respect to the objectively measured noise level; and (2) the overall loudness of their daily noise exposure level. Design: Participants wore personal noise exposure meters for up to five days. During this time, participants kept diaries of daily events and estimated the loudness of these events and their overall noise exposure using 1-to-10 rating scales. Study sample: A group of 45 volunteers aged between 18 and 35 years participated in the study. Results: 86% of participants’ subjective estimates were significantly correlated with the objective noise measurements. Multiple regression showed that age, overall lifestyle noise, and diary quality were predictors of the strength of correlation observed. In addition participants’ subjective estimates of their overall noise exposure were significantly correlated with their actual average daily noise exposure. Conclusions: Results suggest that individuals can make a reasonable estimate of the loudness of events they experience and the overall level of noise they experience. These results may have significant influence for those interested in producing effective hearing health awareness programs in that individuals may be capable of assessing their own degree of hazard exposure.
Effect of pentoxifylline on the inhibition of surfactant synthesis induced by TNF-alpha in human type II pneumocytes.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study was designed to determine the effect of TNF-alpha and pentoxifylline (PTXF) on surfactant synthesis by isolated human type II pneumocytes. In order to isolate the pneumocytes, lungs obtained from both previously healthy multiple organ donors (n = 11) and patients who underwent surgical excision for lung cancer (n = 8) were used. Surfactant synthesis was measured by the incorporation of labeled glucose into the two most important phospholipid components of surfactant: phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PGL). The pneumocytes of the donor group showed a greater degree of PC synthesis than those from the cancer group (3.44 +/- 0.19 versus 2.15 +/- 01.5 pmol/micrograms protein, p < 0.001). The synthesis of PC by pneumocytes in both the donor (1.13 +/- 0.19 versus 3.44 +/- 0.19 pmol/micrograms protein, p < 0.01) and cancer (0.99 +/- 0.11 versus 2.15 +/- 0.15 pmol/micrograms protein, p < 0.01) groups was decreased by TNF-alpha (100 ng/ml). This effect was blocked by PTXF (100 micrograms/ml), a substance that also increased PC production in the control-group pneumocytes from cancer patients, the final PC levels being similar to those of the donors in the absence of TNF-alpha. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of TNF-alpha participation in the pathophysiology of ARDS is inhibition of surfactant synthesis, and support the hypothesis of in vivo production of TNF-alpha in lung-cancer patients, with subsequent chronic exposure of the lung epithelial cells to this cytokine. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Selenium Compounds Activate Early Barriers of Tumorigenesis*

Selenium chemoprevention by apoptosis has been well studied, but it is not clear whether selenium can activate early barriers of tumorigenesis, namely senescence and DNA damage response. To test this hypothesis, we treated normal and cancerous cells with a gradient concentration of sodium selenite, methylseleninic acid and methylselenocysteine for 48 h, followed by a recovery of 1–7 days. Here we show that selenium compounds at doses of ≤LD50 can induce cellular senescence, as evidenced by the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation, in normal but not cancerous cells. In response to clastogens, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is rapidly activated, which in turn initiates a cascade of DNA damage response. We found that the ATM pathway is activated by the selenium compounds, and the kinase activity is required for the selenium-induced senescence response. Pretreatment of the MRC-5 non-cancerous cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl suppresses the selenium-induced ATM activation and senescence. Taken together, the results suggest a novel role of selenium in the activation of early tumorigenesis barriers specific in non-cancerous cells, whereby selenium induces an ATM-dependent senescence response that depends on reactive oxygen species.
Citation Classics in Nursing Journals: The Top 50 Most Frequently Cited Articles From 1956 to 2011

Background:Assessing the impact of individual journal articles provides information for understanding trends in science and translation of findings on practice. Citation analysis is an important way to highlight the contributions of individual author/investigator and journals on nursing practice. Objective:The purpose of this study was to identify the most frequently cited articles published in nursing journals from 1956 to 2011. Methods:The Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index were searched for citations through 2011 to articles published in the 89 nursing journals listed on the Journal Citation Reports (2010 edition). The number of citations, topic, countries, and institutions of origin based on the first author affiliation, year of publication, study design, publishing journal, journal country, and journal impact factor were noted. The most frequently cited articles published in the 89 nursing journals from 1956 to 2011 were identified. Results:The top 50 most frequently cited articles were published in 10 nursing journals between 1970 and 2005. The top cited article received 784 citations. The most common topics were methodology for qualitative studies, validation procedures for tool development, and nursing care and practices in cancer and mental health. The most common study designs were reviews including meta-analysis and instrument validation. Most of the top 50 cited articles were published from 1986 to 1995. Discussion:The findings provide insights into priorities and trends in nursing research and translational science.
Dynamic Games And Applications In Economics

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Integration of Globalization and Localization of TNCs and corresponding strategy of China

Integration of globalization and localization has become inevitable trend of management activity of TNCs (Transactional Corporations). The paper begins with theory, which accounts for integration of globalization and localization, furthermore, it analyses the relationship between the integration and fostering of competitive advantage. Moreover, from practice, it cites case of Motorola and Haier as to present corresponding strategy of China.
Synthesis ZrO2-Montmorillonite and Application as Catalyst in Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Fraction of Crude Oil

Research on synthesis and characterization of ZrO2-Montmorillonit and its application as catalyst in heavy fraction of crude oil (HFCO) conversion has been investigated. Synthesis of catalyst was done by pillarization of ZrO2 into silicate interlayer of montmorillonite structure. The success in synthesis is shown by XRD and BET surface area measurement in that basal spacing d001 was increase after pillarization. Activity test of material was showed that ZrO2 dispersion affected catalytic activity in liquid production and the activity was increased asn increasing temperature in the range of 473K-673K. Composition of liquid product indicated that ZrO2-Montmorillonit tend to produce kerosene related to metal oxide distribution in synthesis. © 2008 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved. [Received: 3 June 2008, Accepted: 15 July 2008] [How to Cite : I. Fatimah, K. Wijaya, K. H. Setyawan. (2008). Synthesis ZrO2-Montmorillonite and Application as Catalyst in Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Fraction of Crude Oil. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis , 3(1-3): 9-13. doi:10.9767/bcrec.3. 1-3.7118. 9-13 ] [How to Link/DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.9767/bcrec.3. 1-3.7118. 9-13 || or local: http://ejournal.undip. ac.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/7118 ]
Application of PSO-BP Model in Short-Term Prediction of Urban Water Consumption

In order to overcome the over-fitting problem and the local minima problem of the BP neural network method,the PSO-BP prediction model concerned on the hourly urban water consumption was developed.The model was based on the analysis of the characters of the hourly urban water consumption data and the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithms with the global stochastic optimization idea.The experimental results indicated that the average prediction precision increased by 2 per cent,compared to the traditional BP method.It was also shown that this model was faster in computation and had better generalization performance,which proved to be effective in short-term prediction of urban water consumption.
Absence of carboxypeptidase E leads to adult hippocampal neuronal degeneration and memory deficits

Molecules that govern the formation, integrity, and function of the hippocampus remain an important area of investigation. Here we show that absence of the proneuropeptide processing enzyme, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) in CPE knock‐out (KO) mice had a profound effect on memory, synaptic physiology, and the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus in these animals. Adult CPE‐KO mice displayed deficits in memory consolidation as revealed by the water‐maze, object preference, and social transmission of food preference tests. These mice also showed no evoked long‐term potentiation. Additionally, CPE‐KO mice at 4 weeks of age and older, but not at 3 weeks of age, exhibited marked degeneration specifically of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region which normally expresses high levels of CPE. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the neuronal marker, NeuN, was reduced, while the glial marker, GFAP, was increased, characteristic of gliosis in the CA3 area of CPE‐KO mice. Calbindin staining indicated early termination of the mossy fibers before reaching the CA1 region in these mice. Thus, absence of CPE leads to degeneration of the CA3 neurons and perturbation of the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus. Ex vivo studies showed that overexpression of CPE in cultured hippocampal neurons protected them against H2O2 oxidative‐stress induced cell death. These findings taken together indicate that CPE is essential for the survival of adult hippocampal CA3 neurons to maintain normal cognitive function. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.