Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach to FinFET USING Ternary logic

Ternary Logic is advantageous choice to substitute binary logic as it is energy efficient and due to easiness, as interconnect and chip area are reduced. As CMOS technology is scaling down to nanometer regime there are many problems occurring such as short channel effect, DIBL and Hot electron Effect, these problems can be overcomed by replacing traditional CMOS by FinFET. These two methodologies are of great advantage and can result in new turn in nanoelectronics. Many circuits can be build up by using FinFET working on ternary logic rather than binary and the main is ALU as it is the heart of CPU. So designing circuits by these two methodologies has a great impact on upcoming technologies.
The Economics of Franchising

The academic debate about the motivations for franchising and its impact on economic welfare is quite passionate. Roughly speaking, on one side markets are asserted to be competitive, so that new business practices can merge only if they improve economic efficiency; businessmen "know their business" better than economists or regulators do, and the best possible regulatory policy is no regulation at all. On the other side, it is advised to rule out any kind of arrangement which may restrict one party's freedom of trade - which is the case of practically any provision in a franchise contract. The controversy reflects the opposition between different schools of economic thought, but it also hinges on divergences in the appreciation of the context and of the horizon of the analysis.
Cirrhosis Model That Tracks Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Cell Transplantation Using Liver Serum Parameters: A Pilot Study

AIMS: This study aims to evaluate a preclinical model of hepatic failure to propose an effective scheme to follow progression of mesenchymal cell treatments using serum parameters. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 53) received dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or PBS (control) intraperitoneally. We evaluated liver macroscopy, histology, serum albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma globulin, and hepatic gene expression of ALB and selected regeneration markers. RESULTS: After defining the effective DMN dose, 1 × 107 umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) were injected into the tail vein 1 week after treatment and liver function re-assessed. DMN 10 µg/g delivered 3 days/week for 4 weeks altered liver macroscopy and histology. DMN treatment also increased ALP, ALT and TB, and significantly reduced gene expression of regeneration factors, although ALB and hepatic growth factor mRNA were not altered. Upon UC-MSC treatment, a greater percentage of rats showed reduction of AST levels (75% UC-MSC vs 0% PBS). CONCLUSIONS: Selected serum parameters can predict liver function in a rodent model, but each animal must be its own control.
Fertility, Hatchability and Eggs Quality Traits of Nigerian Locally Adapted Chickens in the Derived Savanna Environment of Nigeria

An experiment was carried out to compare fertility, hatchability and egg quality traits of Nigerian locally adapted chickens in derived savanna environment of Nigeria. A total number of 1928 eggs consistof309eggs of naked neck, 635 eggs of frizzle feather, 590 eggs of Fulani ecotype and 394 eggs of normal feather eggs were used to study hatchability traits of the four genotypes. The results showed that fulani ecotypes had highest eggset (100%), fertile eggs (85.59%) and lowest infertile egg (14.41%) while highest and lowest hatchability and dead in shell was obtained for normal feather eggs of 86.67% and 13.33% respectivelythan other genotypes. Most of the parameters measured for correlation coefficient were positively significant for all the genotypes. Significant (P < 0.05) effect was observed among the egg traits measured and the genotypes. Naked neck eggs had highest egg weight (44.86g), egg length (7.03mm), shell weight (4.29mm), yolk weight (14.57mm) and yolk height (3.29mm) than its counterpart genotype eggs while normal feather eggs recorded highest egg breadth (5.34mm), albumen weight (22.68mm) and albumen height (4.58mm) over other genotype groups eggs.The presentresults indicated that fulani ecotype eggs performed better than other genotypes group used in this study in respect to hatchability traits and naked neck and normal feather eggs were better in egg quality traits than their counterpart genotype eggs. Keywords: Local chickens, egg quality traits, hatchability, fertility and derived savanna.
Self-Charged Graphene Battery Harvests Electricity from Thermal Energy of the Environment

The energy of ionic thermal motion presents universally, which is as high as 4 kJ\bullet kg-1\bullet K-1 in aqueous solution, where thermal velocity of ions is in the order of hundreds of meters per second at room temperature1,2. Moreover, the thermal velocity of ions can be maintained by the external environment, which means it is unlimited. However, little study has been reported on converting the ionic thermal energy into electricity. Here we present a graphene device with asymmetric electrodes configuration to capture such ionic thermal energy and convert it into electricity. An output voltage around 0.35 V was generated when the device was dipped into saturated CuCl2 solution, in which this value lasted over twenty days. A positive correlation between the open-circuit voltage and the temperature, as well as the cation concentration, was observed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this finding is of practical value by lighting a commercial light-emitting diode up with six of such graphene devices connected in series. This finding provides a new way to understand the behavior of graphene at molecular scale and represents a huge breakthrough for the research of self-powered technology. Moreover, the finding will benefit quite a few applications, such as artificial organs, clean renewable energy and portable electronics.
MITIGATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENT GROUNDWATER PLUMES WITH COLLOIDAL ACTIVATED CARBON

Chlorinated volatile organic solvents (CVOCs) can form a contamination plume in groundwater that needs to be managed to protect human health and the environment. There are many injectable products available to treat contamination plumes in groundwater using a number of specific technologies, individually and in combination. This study evaluates the effectiveness of injectable colloidal activated carbon (PlumeStop® Liquid Activated CarbonTM) at two sites in Rhode Island with chlorinated solvent groundwater contamination plumes. The injectate was introduced via low-pressure injection methods to avoid mobilizing additional contaminants. The initial results show a reduction in contaminant levels downgradient of the injection points for both Sites. The long-term effectiveness of the injectate remains to be seen. GZA will continue to monitor the groundwater quality downgradient of the injections to evaluate breakthrough of the Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) formed by the PlumeStop injections. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis is dedicated to Professor Arijit Bose with the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Rhode Island. I would also like to acknowledge Edward Summerly P.G. and Principal, Karen Kinsella Ph.D. and Senior Technical Consultant, and Richard Carlone P.E. and Senior Project Manager with GZA GeoEnvironmental Inc.
Efficiency of MSW compost for reducing uptake of heavy metals by plant

Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost supplied from the Istanbul Solid Waste Recycling and Composting Facility was used to amend soil samples collected within the boundaries of Istanbul. Cat grass (Dactylis glomerata cat grass) seeds were sown in the prepared samples. Plant development was observed for 90 days. pH, Cd, Cu and Ni concentrations in plant samples were measured at the end of every month. Concentrations of forms of Cd, Cu and Ni forms in soil were determined at the beginning and at the end of 90 day period (with sequential extraction). The effect of MSW compost on the transfer of Cd, Cu and Ni from the soil to the plants and the change in the forms of heavy metals in soil was determined. Results of sequential extraction showed that, adding compost into the soil changed the forms of these metals in soil. Plant uptake of Cd decreased, however, those of Ni and Cu increased. Cu concentration in plants that grew in soil with 3 wt. % of compost added reached 136.4 μg/kg.
MikroRNA'lar ve Atlarda MikroRNA'lar ile İlgili Yapılan Çalışmalar

MikroRNA’lar (miRNA)18-25 nukleotit (nt) uzunlugunda genom uzerinde protein kodlayan intron veya ekzon bolgelerindeki RNA genlerinden transkripsiyonu saglanan, fakat proteine translasyonu gerceklesmeyen, fonksiyonel RNA molekulleridir. Tum canlilarda cesitli fiziksel ve patolojik kondisyonlarda post–transkripsiyonel gen duzenleyici olarak miRNA’larin rolu evcil hayvanlar da dahil bircok organizmanin incelenmesiyle aydinlanmaktadir. miRNA’larin gen ekspresyonunda, fenotipik degiskenligin sekillenmesinde ve hastalik gelisminde regulator olarak onemli rollerinin oldugu tespit edilmistir. Yapilan calismalarin isigi altinda miRNA’larin onemi son zamanlarda Veteriner Hekimlikte de fark edilmistir. Tasima ve eglence icin kullanilan, ayni zamanda ekonomik degere sahip evcil at (Equus caballus), insan uygarliginin cok onemli bir parcasi olmustur. Tibbi acidan at ile insan arasinda alerji ve osteoartrit gibi 90’dan fazla kalitsal hastalik ortaktir. Biyomekanik ve egzersiz fizyolojisi calismalarinda en iyi model organizma attir. Insanlik tarihi icin at bu kadar onemli bir organizma olmasina ragmen, atlarda miRNA’lar ve miRNA’larin klinik kondusyonlar uzerine etkisi hakkindaki calismalar oldukca azdir. Bu derleme miRNA’lar ve atlarda miRNA’lar ile ilgili yapilan calismalar hakkinda bilgi vermek amaciyla hazirlanmistir.
Cytotoxic, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of aqueous extracts of leaves and flavonoids occurring in Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.

Several investigations have demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Kalanchoe pinnata is globally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, infections, tuberculosis and fever. Among the enteropathogenic bacteria, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in the world. EAEC is also capable of forming biofilms, conformation that provides antibiotic resistance and a high degree of dispersion and reinfection, which may represent up to 80% of causes of human microbial infections. Thus, it becomes necessary to search for new antimicrobial agents with activity against biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antibacterial and antibiofilm in EAEC from aqueous extracts of leaves and the flavonoids quercetin and rutin, occurring in K. pinnata. Leaf aqueous extracts were obtained and evaluated phytochemically. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in human carcinoma cell lines HEp-2, Caco-2 and T84. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the macrodilution method and the evaluation of antibiofilm activity was performed in Escherichia coli enteroaggregative (EAEC 042). Aqueous extracts of K pinnata do not show toxicity to Hep-2, but all other cell lines were sensitive to this extract. Instead, the flavonoids quercetin and rutin showed no cytotoxicity with any of the tested cell lines. Quercetin is capable of inhibiting bacterial growth of all tested strains. The aqueous leaf extract and quercetin were able to inhibit EAEC 042 biofilm formation above 50%. The results indicate the potential use of the species in treatment of bacterial infections. Key words: Antimicrobials, EAEC 042, biofilms, quercetin, Crassulaceae.
SURVEY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWAPROVINCE OF PAKISTAN

This study investigated the existing infrastructure and milk yield performances of different livestock breeds in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In this regard 70 livestock farmers were interviewed from different zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including rice-wheat, mixed cropping, low intensity, rainfed and Peri-urban. Results revealed that livestock is the main source of income for 62% of the respondents followed by (21%) crop farming. In the study area, 22% of the famers keep local breed of cattle followed by Sahiwal (18%), Holstein-Friesian (9%). Similarly, in the case of buffalo, Nili Ravi is very common and kept by 38% respondents followed by local breed (22%). In terms of milk production (liters per day) Sahiwal breed of cow is the most productive (9.3 liters per day) followed by Holstein-Friesian (8.7 liters per day), and cross breed (8 liters per day). The area farmers get higher yield of milk from local buffalo (7.9 liters per day) followed by Nili Ravi (7.1 liters per day). Results further revealed that large farmers are more efficient in getting milk. Lack of commercial dairy farms, weak infrastructure, lack of financial facilities etc. is some of the constraints hindering productivity of livestock farmers in the study area.
Anti-Hypertensive Treatments and Hypertension-Associated Hypoalgesia Evaluated by Auto-Algometry

Background: Auto-algometry has been previously proposed as a toll to evaluate hypertension-associated hypoalgesia. The aim of the present work was to confirm the robustness of this method and to evaluate other possible variables associated with hypertension and hypoalgesia. Methods: All routinary ambulatory data were collected from 111 hypertensive subjects along with the evaluation of pain threshold assessed with the auto-algometer. Results: The results confirmed the sensibility of the auto-algometer in revealing the hypertension-associated hypoalgesia and revealed unexpected higher pain thresholds in patients consuming angiotensin receptor 1 antagonists compared to patients consuming other medications. Conclusion: The results encourage the use of the auto-algometer to study unexplored mechanisms involved in hypertension and in hypoalgesia.
Determinants of Age at Sexual Initiation among Nigerian Adolescents: A Study of Secondary Schools Students in a Military Barracks in Nigeria

Context: Adolescent sexual behavior is shaped by series of interlinking individual and family related factors. Information on how these factors influence early sexual debut could help in mounting programmatic strategies to modify adolescent sexual behavior. Objective: To determine the age at first sexual intercourse and its determinants among senior secondary schools students in Ojo military barracks, Lagos. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 400 senior secondary schools students in Ojo military barracks, Lagos, selected using multistage sampling technique. Datawas collected using pretested, self- administered semi- structured questionnaires and analysed using statistical package for social sciences version 17. Tests of statistical significance were carried out using chi-square and t-tests. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The age group at which respondents had their first sexual intercourse ranged from10 to19 years, the mean ages are 14.1±1.2 and 13.4±1.5 for males and females, while the modal and median ages at first sexual intercourse for both gender are 11 and 12 years respectively with a cumulative frequency percent of 56.5. The girls initiated sex earlier than the boys (p= 0.001). Those brought up by one parent initiated sex at an earlier age (p= 0.000), while age of sex initiation increased with maternal (p= 0.000) and paternal education (p= 0.001). Conclusions: Age at sexual debut was found to be associated with younger age, gender, living with a one parent and parents’ educational status. We recommend formal comprehensive sex education programs targeted at delaying age at first sex.
Pricing synthetic CDO with MGB2 distribution

In this paper we apply MGB2 distribution to price synthetic CDO. MGB2 distribution has flexible dependence structure and it is suitable to model extreme risk. The monotonicity of the spread of equity tranche with respect to some parameter is shown. We compare our model with the onefactor Gaussian, Clayton and double t models. Although our proposed MGB2 model is not flexible enough to produce the implied compound correlation smile, it is much more flexible to produce the patterns of base correlation curve than the others. Besides, concerning base correlation, MGB2 and double t model match the market data better than the Gaussian and Clayton copula models.
Hardware-software Reconfigurable Techniques for Wireless Sensor Network

Now-a-days, the industrial based real time embedded applications are highly developed and they act as a major role in the production cost and real world safety environment. In that, one of the advanced technique is that reconfigurable techniques. This technique plays a major role with wireless sensor networks for the efficient data transmissions. In recent days, most of the industrial applications are works to minimize the size and cost of device. The foremost improvement of the reconfigurable technique is that it circumvents the unnecessary hang and deferral in the device performance. In modern biosphere, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is one of the supreme operative reconfigurable devices and generally used for most of the hardware and software reconfiguration applications. In this study, the exertion pacts with whatever going to make changes in the hardware and software during runtime, it should not disturb the present successively process. This is the main impartial of the study that the changes to be done in an analogous manner at the same time concentrating the cost and power transmission problems during data trans-receiving and also the results to be seen with the help of online manner via the Ethernet cable.
Physiological Body Reactions and Semen Characters of Rabbit Bucks as Affected by Breed and Vitamin C Supplementation under Egyptian Summer Conditions

This experiment was carried out at the rabbitry of the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Twenty four adult rabbit males were used in this study (12 New Zealand White (NZW) and 12 Californian (Cal) rabbit bucks) to study the effect of Vit C ingestion (20 mg/kg body weight/ day for 45 days) on alleviating the effects of high housing temperature and improving semen quality parameters and some physiological traits of rabbit bucks during summer season. Generally, summer heat adversely affected the physiological performance of the two rabbit breed bucks. However, most of the studied traits were differed (P≤0.05) due to the breed effect. Cal breed had lower (P≤0.05) rectal temperature (RT), and higher (P≤0.05) WBCs values than NZW. Thus, Cal breed had lower (P≤0.05) reaction time and semen pH values than in NZW breed. Moreover, Cal breed had higher (P≤0.05) ejaculate volume, percentage of live sperm and sperm output than NZW breed. Irrespective of breed of rabbits, ingestion of Vit C improved (P≤0.05) most studied traits under summer conditions. Addition of Vit C decreased (P≤0.05) RT, respiration rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) and increased (P≤0.05) values of Hb value, Ht % and WBCs counts compared to the control group during summer period. Furthermore, addition of Vit C decreased (P≤0.05) reaction time and semen pH and increased (P≤0.05) ejaculate volume (with and without gel) and % of forward motility of spermatozoa compared to the control group. Increased (P≤0.05) percentage of live sperm, sperm concentration and sperm output and decreased (P≤0.05) percentage of sperm acrosome alteration and sperm abnormalities was observed in Vit. C treated group compared to the control group. In conclusion this study sugessted that the Cal breed was more heat tolerant and adapted to heat stress than NZW breed under Egyptian summer condition. Also, the addition of Vit C to drinking water alleviated the stressful effects of high temperature on semen characteristics and physiological traits in rabbit bucks during summer season.
Elite consensus and political polarization: cases from Central Europe

Elitenkonsens und Politische Polarisierung: Falle aus Mitteleuro- pa«. The concept of "elite consensus" is pivotal to the work of John Higley and his associates, but like many key political concepts its meaning is not precise. Consensus implies broad agreement, but just how much agreement, over what matters, among whom (i.e., who are the relevant elites), and how enduring re- main to be specified. Higley et al. recognize these problems, placing their em- phasis on procedural rather than substantive agreement and granting that indi- vidual cases may lie somewhere on the borderline between elite consensus and disunity. In this essay I explore the consensus issue by examining several cases from East Central Europe and that of Germany in the aftermath of the fall of Communism. Higley and Burton see especially in the Polish and Hungarian "roundtables" instances of near-contemporary "elite settlements. " But in both cases observers have recently pointed to a degree of political polarization whose intensity seems to call into question the actual achievement of elite con- sensus and indeed of "democratic consolidation. " I assess these apparently conflicting perspectives by examining the divergent views of the new political institutions and of the legitimacy of one another held by rival elites in Poland and Hungary and compare the cases of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Germany.
Geomechanical modeling - workflow and Applications

This work aimed to present a detailed workflow for building a geomechanical model. For a case study, the workflow is then applied to a horizontal well X. The first step in building a geomechanical model is gathering data regarding well information (tubing, casing, deviation…), geological information (type of fault, permeability, reservoir radius, skin…), logs data (density, resistivity, sonic, caliper…), in-situ test data (leak-off test, formation test,…) and core data (tensile strength test, fracture toughness test, tri-axial test…). The second step is to build the geomechanical model using data analysis so that information about state of stress (vertical and principal horizontal stresses, pore pressure, concentration stress around wellbore) and rock mechanical properties (unconfined compressive strength, tensile strength, fracture toughness, Young modulus, Poisson ratio) can be determined. Moreover, the differences in data analysis for vertical and horizontal wells were also mentioned in this work. Furthermore, it is evident that the more data we get, the more accurately a geomechanical model can be built. However, in reality, not all necessary data can be obtained, so this work also explained how to draw the most information from available data so that we can minimize the number of assumptions and uncertainties. An accurate geomechanical model is very essential for others works such as well bore stability or performance prediction of a well stimulation technique. The case study of this work presented the geomechanical modeling for the well X. The paper then presented the application of geomechanical modeling for the Evaluation of High Energy Gas Fracturing performance as well as for Sand Control analysis.
L G ] 9 D ec 2 01 7 A Streaming Algorithm for Graph Clustering

We introduce a novel algorithm to perform graph clustering in the edge streaming setting. In this model, the graph is presented as a sequence of edges that can be processed strictly once. Our streaming algorithm has an extremely low memory footprint as it stores only three integers per node and does not keep any edge in memory. We provide a theoretical justification of the design of the algorithm based on the modularity function, which is a usual metric to evaluate the quality of a graph partition. We perform experiments on massive real-life graphs ranging from one million to more than one billion edges and we show that this new algorithm runs more than ten times faster than existing algorithms and leads to similar or better detection scores on the largest graphs.