Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The IARC Perspective on Colorectal Cancer Screening.

which is the most common cancer in and the second most common in represents almost 10% of the annual global cancer incidence. 1 Incidence rates of colorectal cancer show a strong positive gradient with an increasing level of economic develop-ment. 2 Even so, the net 5-year rate of survival decreases with lower levels of income, with rates reaching 60% in high-income countries but fall-ing to 30% or less in low-income countries.
Variational methods for dense depth reconstruction from monocular and binocular video sequences

The physical world can be regarded as a threedimensional geometric space. This three-dimensional world is observed/perceived by humans by means of their five senses: hearing, touch, smell, taste and vision. Of all these sensing modalities, vision is the most powerful, which is shown by the fact that it occupies the most cortical space. The physics of vision is relatively well understood. However, once higher level representations are considered, the situation becomes less clear. One important area of vision research concerns our ability to understand the three-dimensional nature of our environment. Indeed, the human eye can be regarded as a two-dimensional imaging device, meaning that the resulting image is (only) a 2D representation/projection of the 3D world. To recover the depth dimension which was lost during projection on the retina, the human visual system fuses multiple depth cues. These depth cues are grouped into two categories: monocular cues (cues available from the input of just one eye) and binocular cues (cues that require input from both eyes). The computer vision community has been researching for a few decades now analogous methodologies mimicking the depth perception abilities of the human visual system. Most attention has hereby been focussed on the stereopsis-based (and thus binocular) depth cue. The result is that depth-from-stereo has now evolved to a mature research subject [1]. The transposition of human monocular depth vision skills to computer vision has achieved less attention than the stereopsis case. This can be partly explained by the fact that most of these approaches require some higher level processing and reasoning, which is not straightforward and, generally, not well understood in the human visual system as well. Nevertheless, considerable research work has been done in the areas of depth from shading, depth from (de)focus and depth from interposition. Despite their merits, it is unlikely that, except in some limited domains, these approaches will ever seriously rival stereo or motionbased sources of depth information [2]. Motion-based depth reconstruction approaches like motion parallax and kinetic depth present a more promising research direction. Where stereo vision must be seen as a spatial integration of multiple viewpoints to recover depth, motion-based depth reconstruction can be seen as performing a temporal integration. The problem arising in this situation is known as the Structure from Motion problem and deals with extracting three-dimensional information about the environment from the motion of its projection onto a two-dimensional surface.
Cep70 contributes to angiogenesis by modulating microtubule rearrangement and stimulating cell polarization and migration

Centrosomal proteins intricately regulate diverse microtubule-mediated cellular activities, including cell polarization and migration. However, the direct participation of these proteins in angiogenesis, which involves vascular endothelial cell migration from preexisting blood vessels, remains elusive. Here we show that the centrosomal protein Cep70 is necessary for angiogenic response in mice. This protein is also required for tube formation and capillary sprouting in vitro from vascular endothelial cells. Wound healing and transwell assays reveal that Cep70 plays a significant role in endothelial cell migration. Depletion of Cep70 results in severe defects in membrane ruffling and centrosome reorientation, indicating a requirement for this protein in cell polarization. In addition, Cep70 is critically involved in microtubule rearrangement in response to the migratory stimulus. Our data further demonstrate that Cep70 is important for Cdc42 and Rac1 activation to promote angiogenesis. These findings thus establish Cep70 as a crucial regulator of the angiogenic process and emphasize the significance of microtubule rearrangement and cell polarization and migration in angiogenesis.
Phase error assessment of MIRAS/SMOS by means of the redundant space calibration

SMOS is the acronym for the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) [1]. Its single payload, the Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), was successfully launched in November 2009. A six months Commissioning Phase was devoted to bring the satellite into a fully operational condition and to characterize the payload using specific orbits to check all instrument modes [2]. An ongoing activity is devoted to analyze the contribution of each single calibration procedure to the overall radiometric accuracy in order to assess the dominant sources of spatial errors. In this framework, this paper is devoted to assess the performance of the phase calibration procedures by means of the so called Redundant Space Calibration (RSC)1.
A Variable Parameter Zeroing Neural Network for Resolving Time-Variant Quadratic Minimization with Preferable Performance

The variable parameter recurrent neural network has powerful abilities to resolve the various time-variant problems. In this work, a new-type neural network model to handle the time-variant quadratic minimization issue is proposed and researched. Distinct from the generalized original zeroing neural network (OZNN) model, the transfer function part of the proposed variable parameter zeroing neural network (VPZNN) model use the sign-bi-power function, and the parameter part use the specially constructed time-variant parameter. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out with and without noise. The simulation results exhibit that the proposed VPZNN model has preferable convergence capability and robustness than the OZNN model and the finite-time Zhang neural network (FTZNN) model.
Distribution and Diversity of Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes in North America

Abstract Wheat, Triticum aestivum L. , with Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) resistance based on the Dn4 gene has been important in managing Russian wheat aphid since 1994. Recently, five biotypes (RWA1–RWA5) of this aphid have been described based on their ability to differentially damage RWA resistance genes in wheat. RWA2, RWA4, and RWA5 are of great concern because they can kill wheat with Dn4 resistance. In 2005, 365 Russian wheat aphid clone colonies were made from collections taken from 98 fields of wheat or barley, Hordeum vulgare L. , in Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming to determine their biotypic status. The biotype of each clone was determined through its ability to differentially damage two resistant and two susceptible wheat entries in two phases of screening. The first phase determined the damage responses of Russian wheat aphid wheat entries with resistance genes Dn4, Dn7, and susceptible ‘Custer’ to infestations by each clone to identify RWA1 to RWA4. The second phase used the responses of Custer and ‘Yuma’ wheat to identify RWA1 and RWA5. Only two biotypes, RWA1 and RWA2, were identified in this study. The biotype composition across all collection sites was 27.2% RWA1 and 72.8% RWA2. RWA biotype frequency by state indicated that RWA2 was the predominant biotype and composed 73–95% of the biotype complex in Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Wyoming. Our study indicated that RWA2 is widely distributed and that it has rapidly dominated the biotype complex in wheat and barley within its primary range from Texas to Wyoming. Wheat with the Dn4 resistance gene will have little value in managing RWA in the United States, based on the predominance of RWA2.
High levels of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell engraftment and enhanced susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice.

Inbred C.B-17-scid/scid mice accept human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) xenografts and are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but low levels of PBMC engraftment impede use of this system in HIV research. This report describes the effect of host strain background on human PBMC engraftment and HIV infectivity in scid mice. Back-crossing the scid mutation to the NOD/Lt strain (designated NOD/LtSz-scid/scid) increased the percentage of engrafted human PBMC in recipient spleens by 5- to 10-fold compared with that in C.B-17-scid/scid stock. Four weeks after human PBMC-injected mice were infected with HIV-1, 79% of NOD/LtSz-scid/scid spleens harbored replicating virus compared with only 39% of spleens in C.B-17-scid/scid mice. The NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mouse may provide a useful small animal model for studies of HIV-1.
Purification of gamma-glutamyltransferases from rat hepatomas and hyperplastic hepatic nodules, and comparison with the enzyme from rat kidney.

y-Glutamyltransferases that increase during rat hepatocarcinogenesis were compared Âimmunochemically and electrophoretically with the enzyme from the adult rat kidney. The activity of this enzyme did not differ among hyperplastic hepatic nodules and histologically different primary hepatomas induced by A/-2-fluorenylacetamide, dimethylnitrosamine and 3'-methyl4-dimethylaminoazobenzene; thus this enzyme was confirmed to be a useful marker for preneoplastic hepatocytes. The enzymes purified from the Yoshida ascites hepatomas and primary hepatomas as well as from hyperplastic nodules were immunologically identical with the kidney enzyme in the activity inhibition and in the double diffusion tests using antibodies against the enzymes from the Yoshida AH 13 and from the kidney. They also consisted of heavy and light subunits, almost identical with those of the kidney enzyme on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as well as immu nologically. However, on isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel the purified kidney enzyme showed multiple molecular forms, while the enzymes purified from hyperplastic nodules and hepatomas showed a single form, which was more acidic than any form of the kidney enzyme, apparently owing to a higher content of sialic acid. These results indicate that yglutamyltransferases that increase in hepatocarcinogenesis are identical with the kidney enzyme in the protein portion, but differ in the sugar portion. This appears to be an oncofetal alteration of this enzyme.
Calcium‐sensitive and insensitive transient outward current in rabbit ventricular myocytes.

1. A suction pipette whole‐cell voltage‐clamp technique was used to record membrane currents and potentials of isolated ventricular myocytes from rabbit hearts. 2. Transient outward current (Ito) was activated by voltage steps positive to ‐20 mV, increasing in amplitude with further depolarization to reach a maximum around +70 mV. The current attained its peak within 10 ms and then it inactivated for 100‐200 ms. 3. A large portion of Ito still remained after the calcium current (ICa) was blocked when depolarizing pulses were applied at a frequency of 0.1 Hz or less. Therefore, this current component is referred to as calcium‐insensitive Ito or It. 4. It showed voltage‐ and time‐dependent inactivation similar to that observed in Purkinje fibres and other cardiac preparations. 5. The reversal potential of It depended on external K+ concentration, [K+]o, with a slope of 32 mV per 10‐fold change in the presence of a normal [Na+]o (143 mM), while the slope was 48 mV per 10‐fold change in low [Na+]o (1.0 mM). 6. It was completely inhibited by 2‐4 mM‐4‐aminopyridine. Ito in the presence of ICa was also partially blocked by 4‐aminopyridine and the remainder was abolished by 5 mM‐caffeine. 7. The calcium‐insensitive and caffeine‐sensitive Ito differed in their decay rates as well as in their recovery time courses. The former was predominantly available at a slow pulsing rate, while the latter increased its amplitude with high‐frequency depolarization. 8. The caffeine‐sensitive Ito was inhibited by a blockade of ICa, by replacing Ca2+ with Sr2+, by external application of ryanodine and by internal application of EGTA. This indicates that the current is calcium‐sensitive and is dependent on increased myoplasmic Ca2+ through Ca2+ influx via the sarcolemma and Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The current is therefore designated as IK, Ca. 9. The physiological functions of IK, Ca and It are indicated by their contribution to ventricular repolarization at fast and slow heart rates, respectively.
Evidence for inflammation in asthma.

sponse. An alternate hypothesis that airway wall thickening associated with the chronic inflammatory process gives rise to exaggerated changes in airway caliber when the smooth muscle shortens normally has been put forward by several investigators (20, 21). An analysis of this hypothesis (22) showed that small changes in airway wall thickness that have little effect on baseline airway resistancecan markedly increase airwayresponsiveness to inhaled agonists. We have begun to test this hypothesis in our laboratory where recent studies have shown that airway internal perimeter and wall area remain constant at different lung volumes and with different degrees of airway smooth muscle shortening (23, 24). Studies of human lung (24) were performed on tissue obtained from patients who had lobar resection for a solitary peripheral lung carcinoma. The
A Survey of RESTful Transaction Models: One Model Does not Fit All

The REpresentational State Transfer (REST) architectural style is getting traction as a light-weight alternative to SOAP-based Web Services in industry for building loosely coupled applications. In addition, the REST architectural constraints induce scalability and the World Wide Web is a great example of a distributed hypermedia system that is built using REST principles. Despite these benefits, one of the main drawbacks of RESTful services is the lack of standard mechanisms to support advanced quality-of-service requirements such as transactions, which are vital to maintain the high-level of consistency required in common enterprise scenarios. To fill this gap, several RESTful transaction models have been proposed in the past decade; the goal of this paper is to survey such transaction models and to analyse them based on the common transactional scenarios that appear in most enterprise systems. To this end, this paper presents a systematic literature review that was conducted to identify and summarize the state of the art of the RESTful transaction models; the review is followed by a detailed analysis of the models found in the survey. For the analysis, the paper proposes a comparison framework for the RESTful transaction models to evaluate them according to various dimensions, such as their capability to satisfy common transactional scenarios, the level of transaction guarantees provided, compliance to the REST constraints, and other miscellaneous properties. The results of the survey provide a good overview of the current RESTful transaction models and their evolution over the past decades and help to identify the current gaps in the state of the art. In addition, the paper identifies a set of challenges for the current RESTful transaction models by examining the limitations identified in the analysis. A main conclusion of this analysis is that building a generic RESTful transaction model capable of satisfying the requirements of all the scenarios is hard though several models solidly satisfy some specific scenarios in some specific domains.
Short Scan Source-detector Trajectories for Target-based CBCT

We proposed a target-based cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging framework in order to optimize a free three dimensional (3D) source-detector trajectory by incorporating prior 3D image data. We aim to enable CBCT systems to provide topical information about a region of interest (ROI) using a short-scan trajectory with a reduced number of projections. The best projection views are selected by maximizing an objective function fed by the image quality by means of applying different x-ray positions on the digital phantom data. Finally, an optimized trajectory is selected which is applied to a C-arm device able to perform general source-detector positioning. An Alderson-Rando head phantom is used in order to investigate the performance of the proposed framework. Our experiments showed that the optimized trajectory could achieve a comparable image quality in the ROI with respect to the reference C-arm CBCT while using approximately one-quarter of projections. An angular range of 156° was used for the optimized trajectory.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Bases Formed by Condensation of 2,9-Phenathroline-1,10-dialdehyde with Sulfur-Containing Amines

Four new Schiff bases of 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxaldehyde with sulfur-containing amines such as 2-mercaptoaniline, S-alkyl/aryl dithiocarbazates and thiosemicarbazide have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic techniques. A comparative study of the methods of synthesis has been made using both traditional and microwave techniques. A significant reduction in reaction time has been observed when the microwave method was used. In some of the reactions, the yields also increased significantly.
Strategy manipulation and the Stroop effect in hypnosis.

When asked to name the ink color of an incompatible color word (e.g., the word red printed in green ink), people show strong interference from the word. This phenomenon-the Stroop effect-has become a benchmark measure of attention, and is notoriously difficult to modulate. This study examined Stroop interference in subjects who were either high or low in susceptibility to hypnosis. Compared with performance in the waking state, the Stroop effect actually increased under hypnosis, a result particularly evident in the high-susceptible subjects. This contradicts the notion that high-susceptible subjects freely select appropriate strategies when hypnotized, a conclusion strengthened by an analysis of reported strategies in the two states. However, when provided with an attentional focusing instruction under hypnosis, high-susceptible subjects sharply reduced the Stroop effect, whereas low-susceptible subjects decreased it only slightly. One role of hypnosis may be to assist the subject in tuning attention, but only when an appropriate strategy is provided.
Electromagnetic and thermal calculation of surface mounted permanent magnet motor using finite element method

Permanent magnet BLDC motor can be designed with different rotor configurations based on the arrangement of the permanent magnets. Rotor configurations strongly influence the performance of permanent magnet electrical machines. The aim of this paper is to compare and evaluate different rotor configurations for PMBLDC motor. Most of the applications prefer surface mounted permanent magnet design due to its ease of construction and maintenance in [1,2]. FE methods have been used for analysis and comparison of different geometry parameters and configurations in [3,4,5]. This paper describes a comprihensive design of a three phase PMBLDC motor 35 kW for electrical drive application. An optimal design of PMBLDC motor have been implemented by analytical and simulation methods.
XIV. Yeast sequencing reports. A 21·7 kb DNA segment on the left arm of yeast chromosome XIV carries WHI3, GCR2, SPX18, SPX19, an homologue to the heat shock gene SSB1 and 8 new open reading frames of unknown function

We report the amino acid sequence of 13 open reading frames (ORF > 299 bp) located on a 21·7 kb DNA segment from the left arm of chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five open reading frames had been entirely or partially sequenced previously: WHI3, GCR2, SPX19, SPX18 and a heat shock gene similar to SSB1. The products of 8 other ORFs are new putative proteins among which N1394 is probably a membrane protein. N1346 contains a leucine zipper pattern and the corresponding ORF presents an HAP (global regulator of respiratory genes) upstream activating sequence in the promoting region. N1386 shares homologies with the DNA structure‐specific recognition protein family SSRPs and the corresponding ORF is preceded by an MCB (MluI cell cycle box) upstream activating factor. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X78898.
Antifungal prophylaxis during treatment for haematological malignancies: are we there yet?

Antifungal prophylaxis during treatment for haematological malignancies has been studied for 50 years, yet it has not been wholly effective even when using antifungal drugs that exhibit potent activity in vitro against a broad range of fungal pathogens. Trials have demonstrated that it can reduce the incidence of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) and fungal deaths, but only two studies have had an impact on overall mortality. Furthermore, it has not significantly reduced the need for empirical antifungal therapy. Posaconazole was effective in preventing invasive aspergillosis in two studies of high‐risk patients, and consensus guidelines grade it as a suitable choice for antifungal prophylaxis of invasive mould disease; however, its bioavailability was compromised by vomiting or diarrhoea so that an alternative parenteral antifungal drug was required. A recent trial of voriconazole prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation failed to show superiority over fluconazole. With more accurate definitions of IFD, that utilize fungal biomarkers, such as galactomannan, together with computerized tomographic imaging, there is growing interest in a diagnostic‐driven strategy, which could prove to be a more efficacious approach.
In Situ Detection of Gene Transfer and Microbial Activity in a Model Biofilm Engaged in Degradation of Benzyl Alcohol

Establishment and transfer of the TOL-plasmid (pWWO) were studied in a model biofilm consisting of three different bacterial species engaged in benzyl alcohol degradation. Combining quantitative determination of donor, recipient and transconjugants with in situ monitoring of single cells through zygotic interaction of Gfp fluorescence provided hitherto unknown details about spread of the TOL-plasmid in a biofilm. Kinetic studies showed that the dominant mode for plasmid spread was vertical transfer of the transconjugants (growth) caused by the selective advantage provided by the TOL-plasmid. However, the microscopic analysis showed that, despite their selective advantage, the transconjugants established only on the surface of the recipient microcolonies. Transfer of the plasmid into the middle of the microcolonies was never observed. It is known that only cells with high activity transfer the TOL-plasmid efficiently. Therefore, in a separate biofilm experiment the recipient strain was replaced with a new monitor strain, carrying a growth phase regulated ribosomal RNA promoter rrnB P1 fused to an unstable variant of the gfp gene. This allowed for monitoring changes in the growth physiology of the organisms in the biofilm. The patterns observed for growth activity in the microcolonies turned out to be strikingly similar to the patterns observed for the establishment of transconjugants. This correlation between activity and transfer may suggest that there is a nutrient diffusion gradient through a micro-colony allowing growth of only the surface cell, and that plasmid transfer only occurs between these actively growing cells.