Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peran Strategic Entrepreneurship dalam Membangun Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Strategic entrepreneurship has emerged as a new concept in examining convergence in entrepreneurship studies (opportunity-seeking behavior) and strategic management (advantage-seeking behavior). Studies in the area of strategic management have gradually exposed the relationship between strategic management and entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial strategy making; intrapreneurship; entrepreneurial strategic posture within organizations; entrepreneurial orientation; strategic management integration as a context for entrepreneurial actions; and entrepreneurship theory with strategic management and the resource-based view (RBV). A conceptual model of SE that has been developed by Ireland et al. suggested that a firm which linearly and sequentially: employs an entrepreneurial mindset to identify opportunities; manages resources strategically to tackle the opportunity; applies creativity and innovation; and generates a competitive advantage is strategic and entrepreneurship operation. Managers must maximize the pursuit of new business opportunities while simultaneously maximize the generation and application of temporary competitive advantages to sustainably create organizational value. This paper develops a conceptual framework that demonstrate the role of strategic entrepreneurship in building sustainable competitive advantage.
The Impact of Common Advisors on Mergers and Acquisitions

We examine the conflict of interest that an investment bank faces when advising both the target and acquirer in a merger or acquisition (M&A) by investigating how common advisors affect deal outcomes. We compare M&As with common advisors to deals in which targets and acquirers use different advisors and account for the endogenous nature of this choice. We find that (1) deals with common advisors are less likely to be completed and take longer to resolve, and (2) sharing advisors does not affect the wealth gains of shareholders of targets, acquirers or the combined firm and the post-acquisition performance of acquirers. We find some evidence that valuation multiples paid for targets and deal premiums for public targets are significantly lower in transactions with common advisors, suggesting that common advisors tend to favor acquirers over targets, with an eye on future investment banking business from the larger, surviving firm. But most of our results suggest that common M&A advisors lead to neither better deal outcomes by facilitating information flow between targets and acquirers, nor worse deal outcomes by influencing both sides to hasten deal completion.
First-Price, Second-Price, and English Auctions with Resale

In the independent-private-value model, we allow resale among bidders following a first-price sealed-bid, second-price sealed-bid, or English auction with two bidders. We consider two regimes with regard to the disclosure of the sealed bids: full disclosure and no disclosure. Either the auction winner or the auction loser chooses the resale mechanism. Thanks to three key properties our model shares with the common-value model, we obtain explicit formulas for the equilibria. We circumvent the “ratchet effect,” by “randomizing” every pure equilibrium under no disclosure into an equivalent behavioral equilibrium under full disclosure. We compare the auctioneer’s revenues across auctions and bargaining procedures. We present some nbidder extensions.
Demography and age structures of coral reef damselfishes in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean

Few studies have examined spatial variation in the demography or age structures of coral reef fishes. We analysed sectioned sagittal otoliths to describe the age structures, growth and mortality of 5 species of Stegastes damselfishes. These were sampled at localities near the centre (Panama) and at the northern (Baja California) and southern (Galapagos) edges of the eastern Pacific tropical reef environment. Widespread damselfishes were sampled at Panama and Baja (S. flavilatus) and at Panama and the Galapagos (S. acapulcoensis). The 3 remaining species were endemic to the Galapagos Archipelago (S. arcifrons, S. leucorus beebei) and Baja California (S. rectifraenum). We found that populations of widespread species in the Galapagos and Baja grew to larger adult sizes, had relatively long life spans and lower rates of mortality once asymptotic mean sizes were attained than populations of the same species in Panama. These characteristics of long adult life spans and low mortality rates were shared by endemic species in the Galapagos and Baja. Our analysis revealed strong year classes that corresponded to the timing of El Nino-Southern Oscillation events in the age structures of both a widespread and an endemic species in the Galapagos Archipelago.
HISTORICAL INSTANCES OF INNOVATIVE ACCOUNTING PRACTICES IN THE CHINESE DYNASTIES AND BEYOND

The purpose of this paper is to explore special features of the diffusion of ideas and, subsequently, of innovative practices in Chinese accounting and then to examine early instances of the introduction of auditing. Three general periods of accounting innovation are identified which coincide with the establishment of certain dynasties. Some conclusions are then drawn about the main reasons underlying accounting changes occurred during this long period of time. Also examined are relationships between the long-term evolutionary conditions for the growth of Chinese accounting. Possible phases of development in the present of generally accepted practices of financial accounting and reporting are traced to opportunities for innovation which have arisen in the past.
Variability in Muscle Adaptation to Electrical Stimulation

Abstract The aims were to investigate the plasticity of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype following neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and to assess the correlation between MHC isoform distribution and muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV). 14 men were subjected to 24 sessions of quadriceps NMES. Needle biopsies were taken from the dominant vastus lateralis and neuromuscular tests were performed on the dominant thigh before and after training. NMES significantly increased the quadriceps maximal force by 14.4±19.7% (P=0.02), vastus lateralis thickness by 10.7±8.6% (P=0.01), vastus lateralis MFCV by 11.1±3.5% (P<0.001), vastus medialis MFCV by 8.4±1.8% (P<0.001). The whole spectrum of possible MHC isoform adaptations to training was observed: fast-to-slow transition (4 subjects), bi-directional transformation from MHC-1 and MHC-2X isoforms toward MHC-2A isoform (7 subjects), shift toward MHC-2X (2 subjects), no MHC distribution change (1 subject). No significant correlation was observed between MHC-2 relative content and vastus lateralis MFCV (pre-training: R2=0.04, P=0.46; post-training: R2=0.02, P=0.67). NMES elicited distinct adaptations in the MHC composition and increased force, muscle thickness, and MFCV. The MHC isoform distribution did not correlate with MFCV, thus implying that the proportion of different fibre types cannot be estimated from this electrophysiological variable.
Pregnancy and HIV disease progression during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND Before the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there was no clear effect of pregnancy on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. This has not been assessed during the HAART era. METHODS We conducted an observational cohort study among HIV-infected women with >or=1 outpatient clinic visit between January 1997 and December 2004. HIV disease progression was defined as the occurrence of an AIDS-defining event or death. RESULTS Of 759 women who met the inclusion criteria, 139 (18%) had had >1 pregnancy, and 540 (71%) had received HAART. There was no difference in HAART duration by pregnancy status. Eleven pregnant (8%) and 149 nonpregnant (24%) women progressed to AIDS or death. After controlling for age, baseline CD4(+) lymphocyte count, baseline HIV-1 RNA level, and durable virologic suppression in a Cox proportional hazards model that included propensity score for pregnancy, pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.20-0.79]; P=.009]). In a matched-pair analysis of 81 pregnant women matched to 81 nonpregnant women according to age, baseline CD4(+) lymphocyte count, receipt of HAART, and date of cohort entry, pregnant women had a lower risk of disease progression both before (HR, 0.10 [95% CI, 0.01-0.89]; P=.04) and after (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.19-1.00]; P=.05) the pregnancy event. CONCLUSION Pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of HIV disease progression in this HAART-era study. This finding could be the result of the healthier immune status of women who become pregnant or could possibly be related to a beneficial interaction between pregnancy and HAART.
Can bridged 1,6-X-[10]annulenes (X = SiH(2), SiMe(2), PH, and S) exist?

[structure: see text] In contrast to the 1,6-X-[10]annulenes (X = CH(2), O, NH) with delocalized forms (c), their X = PH and S counterparts favor the bisnorcaradiene structures (b). Forms b and c are close in energy with X = SiH(2) and SiMe(2). The computed nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS), show both annulenes (c) and cyclic polyenes (a) to be aromatic. Strain-introduced structural localization, e.g., due to four bulky SiMe(3) substituents, reduces but does not eliminate aromaticity.
Does Independent Board of Directors Really Make a Difference? Evaluating the Treatment Effects of Increased Board Independence Requirements on Corporate Performance

In 2002, President George W. Bush signed the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act” into federal law, which increased the oversight role for independent directors. The induced consequence was that firms which did not satisfy the requirements of the regulation must improve their board independence level. This article empirically examines the relationship between board independence and corporate performance. Firms which did not satisfy board independence requirement prior SOX increased independence level dramatically following the issuance of the Act. The results show that increased audit and compensation committee independence can significantly improve firm performance. The results also provide evidence that the year effect matters: firms which adopt SOX requirement in early years tend to have negative relationship between total board independence and firm performance, and have positive relationship between compensation committee independence and corporate performance, in contrast, firms which chose to comply with the Act in later periods have positive relationship between total independence level and firm performance, but a negative relationship between compensation committee level and corporate performance. The evidence implies that, instead of focusing on total board independence, regulatory agency should take unique features of audit and nominating committee independence level into account.
General scaling law for stiffness measurement of small bodies with applications to the atomic force microscope

A general scaling law connecting the stiffness and dissipative properties of a linear mechanical oscillator immersed in a viscous fluid is derived. This enables the noninvasive experimental determination of the stiffness of small elastic bodies of arbitrary shape by measuring their resonant frequency and quality factor in fluid (typically air). In so doing, we elucidate the physical basis of the method of Sader et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3967 (1999)] for determining the stiffness of rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers, and discuss its applicability. The validity of the derived general technique is demonstrated by calibrating atomic force microscope cantilevers with complex geometries, and its implications to small bodies in general are discussed.
Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension in neonatal foals.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in anesthetized healthy newborn foals with experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension. ANIMALS Five 1- to 3-day-old foals. PROCEDURE Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol, and foals were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Systemic pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure (P(PA)) were recorded every 30 seconds. Hypertension was induced via a hypoxic gas mixture or chemical vasoconstriction, using the thromboxane mimetic U46619. Nitric oxide was added at a concentration of 80 parts per million (ppm) for 6 minutes under baseline conditions and during pulmonary hypertension-induced alveolar hypoxia (inspired oxygen concentration = 0.08). Nitric oxide (20, 40, 80, and 160 ppm) was evaluated during U46619-induced hypertension. Samples for determination of arterial blood gas tensions were collected before and after each NO treatment. RESULTS Inhaled NO (approx 80 ppm) did not have an effect on baseline variables. Infusion of U46619 (0.35 +/- 0.04 microg/kg of body weight/min) or alveolar hypoxia resulted in increased P(PA) and decreased arterial oxygenation (PaO2) and hemoglobin saturation (HbSat). The increase in P(PA) was attenuated, in a dose-dependent manner, by NO during U46619 infusion and reversed by NO during induced hypoxemia. The PaO2 and HbSat were significantly improved at all NO doses during U44619 infusion but not during alveolar hypoxia. For all inhaled NO concentrations, nitrogen dioxide and methoglobin values were < 5 ppm and 3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nitric oxide is a potent, selective vasodilator of the pulmonary circulation in healthy newborn foals. Inhaled NO may have value as a therapeutic agent in foals with pulmonary hypertension.
Final Report Project Title : Effects of Deception on Tonic Autonomic Arousal

The present study tested if measures of tonic arousal are related to the amplitude of responses during probable-lie and directed lie polygraph examinations. It also tested if tonic levels of electrodermal and cardiovascular activity can be used to improve the accuracy of polygraph examinations. Three hundred and thirty-six male and female participants in a previous experiment (DODPI97-P-0016) were interrogated about their participation in a mock crime. Half of the subjects were guilty of committing the mock crime and half were innocent. Half of the innocent subjects and half of the guilty subjects received a probable-lie polygraph examination. The remaining subjects received a directed lie polygraph examination. Subjects were offered a $50 bonus to appear truthful on the polygraph examination. Tonic and phasic measures of skin conductance and skin resistance were obtained from skin conductance recordings. Tonic and phasic systolic and diastolic blood pressure measures were obtained from a Finapres® blood pressure monitor. Tonic and phasic measures of heart period were obtained from the electrocardiogram (EKG). Consistent with prior research, two tonic measures of skin conductance were positively related to phasic reactivity. Weak but significant correlations between tonic and phasic arousal also were obtained for blood pressure and heart period. However, none of the tonic measures improved the accuracy of polygraph outcomes. Tonic arousal accounted for less than 2% of the variance in the guilt/innocence criterion when used in combination with standard measures of differential reactivity to predict group membership. The results suggest that the use of absolute measures of electrodermal and cardiovascular activity would do little to improve the accuracy of computer algorithms for diagnosing truth and deception.
Current Methods in Medical Image Segmentation : A Review

In this paper, different approaches are discussed for medical image segmentation. These are based on thresholding, learning, modeling and automatic fuzzy method. Segmentation techniques, discussed under these approaches are used in different applications. In identification of brain lesions, vessel lumen segmentation and histopathology cancer image segmentation. Further used in tissue segmentation based upon image processing chain optimization, combining graph cut and oriented Active Appearance Model (AAM) and in brain image segmentation by using fuzzy symmetry. These techniques overcome various limitations of conventional medical image segmentation techniques.
Automatic Knowledge Sharing Across Communities: A Case Study on Android Issue Tracker and Stack Overflow

Collaborative development communities and knowledge sharing communities are highly correlated and mutually complementary. The knowledge sharing between these two types of open source communities can be very beneficial to both of them. However, it is a great challenge to automate this process. Current studies mainly focus on knowledge acquisition in one type of community, and few of them have tackle this problem efficiently. In this paper we take Android Issue Tracker and Stack Overflow as a case to study automatic knowledge sharing between them. We propose an automatic approach by integrating semantic similarity with temporal locality between Android issues and Stack Overdo posts to reveal the potential associations between them. Our approach exploits the rich semantics in fine-grained information of issues and posts for associations building, and explores the temporal correlations between issues and posts in-depth for associations ranking. Extensive experiments show that the precision of our approach reaches 54.82% for top 10 recommendations when recommending Stack Overflow posts to Android issues, and 66.83%in reverse. This is significantly higher than the state-of-the-art method.
Molecular determinants of response to TRAIL in killing of normal and cancer cells.

The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or Apo2L) is a potent inducer of death of cancer but not normal cells, which suggests its potential use as a tumor-specific antineoplastic agent. TRAIL binds to the proapoptotic death receptors DR4 and the p53-regulated proapoptotic KILLER/DR5 as well as to the decoy receptors TRID and TRUNDD. In the present studies, we identified a subgroup of TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines characterized by low or absent basal DR4 or high expression of the caspase activation inhibitor FLIP. Four of five TRAIL-sensitive cell lines expressed high levels of DR4 mRNA and protein, whereas six of six TRAIL-resistant cell lines expressed low or undetectable levels of DR4 (chi 2; P < 0.01). FLIP expression appeared elevated in five of six (83%) TRAIL-resistant cell lines and only one of five (20%) TRAIL-sensitive cells (chi 2; P < 0.05). Two TRAIL-resistant lines that expressed DR4 contained an A-to-G alteration in the death domain encoding arginine instead of lysine at codon 441. The K441R polymorphism is present in 20% of the normal population and can inhibit DR4-mediated cell killing in a dominant-negative fashion. The expression level of KILLER/DR5, TRID, TRUNDD or TRID, and TRUNDD did not correlate with TRAIL sensitivity (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the major determinants for TRAIL sensitivity may be the expression level of DR4 and FLIP. TRAIL-resistant cells became susceptible to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in the presence of doxorubicin. In TRAIL-sensitive cells, caspases 8, 9, and 3 were activated after TRAIL treatment, but in TRAIL-resistant cells, they were activated only by the combination of TRAIL and doxorubicin. Our results suggest: (a) evaluation of tumor DR4 and FLIP expression and host DR4 codon 441 status could be potentially useful predictors of TRAIL sensitivity, and (b) doxorubicin, in combination with TRAIL, may effectively promote caspase activation in TRAIL-resistant tumors.
Early oxidative status in adult patients with isolated traumatic brain injury

Aim: To investigate oxidative and antioxidative status, as well as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS), refl ecting injury severity and neurological outcome during the early posttraumatic period in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and methods: Fift y-one adult patients with TBI and 45 eligible healthy volunteers as control subjects were enrolled. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated as biomarkers of early oxidative changes in serum using a novel automated method. Results: TOS levels and OSI values were signifi cantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with those in survivors. However, there was no signifi cant diff erence in TAS levels between survivors and nonsurvivors. GCS and RTS showed negative correlations with TOS levels, but neither was signifi cantly related to OSI levels. Furthermore, GCS scores were negatively correlated with TAS levels, whereas RTS scores were not signifi cantly related to TAS levels.
Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis.

BACKGROUND Carotid-artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy are both options for treating carotid-artery stenosis, an important cause of stroke. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis to undergo carotid-artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. The primary composite end point was stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from any cause during the periprocedural period or any ipsilateral stroke within 4 years after randomization. RESULTS For 2502 patients over a median follow-up period of 2.5 years, there was no significant difference in the estimated 4-year rates of the primary end point between the stenting group and the endarterectomy group (7.2% and 6.8%, respectively; hazard ratio with stenting, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.51; P=0.51). There was no differential treatment effect with regard to the primary end point according to symptomatic status (P=0.84) or sex (P=0.34). The 4-year rate of stroke or death was 6.4% with stenting and 4.7% with endarterectomy (hazard ratio, 1.50; P=0.03); the rates among symptomatic patients were 8.0% and 6.4% (hazard ratio, 1.37; P=0.14), and the rates among asymptomatic patients were 4.5% and 2.7% (hazard ratio, 1.86; P=0.07), respectively. Periprocedural rates of individual components of the end points differed between the stenting group and the endarterectomy group: for death (0.7% vs. 0.3%, P=0.18), for stroke (4.1% vs. 2.3%, P=0.01), and for myocardial infarction (1.1% vs. 2.3%, P=0.03). After this period, the incidences of ipsilateral stroke with stenting and with endarterectomy were similarly low (2.0% and 2.4%, respectively; P=0.85). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the risk of the composite primary outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death did not differ significantly in the group undergoing carotid-artery stenting and the group undergoing carotid endarterectomy. During the periprocedural period, there was a higher risk of stroke with stenting and a higher risk of myocardial infarction with endarterectomy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004732.)
Cascaded PLL design for a 90nm CMOS high performance microprocessor

PLL clock generators are designed for a third-generation NetBurst/spl trade/ processor implemented in a 90nm CMOS process. A cascade configuration offers improved jitter attenuation and facilitates a wide synthesis range. Parameter design takes into account a dual-sloped VCO control. A new charge pump topology offers superior symmetry.