Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Auditor and the Client and Its Impact on Audit Quality in Iran

This study examined the relationship between auditor client and the impact it has on audit quality. Based on three variables, audit fees, accounting standards and principles and academic education were considered in order to explore this relationship and its impact on audit quality. Survey type is the method that is used in this descriptive research. And between auditors and clients in the study sample of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for selection.The sample consisted of 100 questionnaires were distributed with a five-point Likert scale were extracted International Journal of Accounting, Banking and Management Vol. 1, No. 2, July 2013, PP: 20 33 Available online at www.ijabm. com 22 between auditors and clients in 2013.The nonparametric test was used to confirm or refute hypotheses and to test the first two hypotheses test (T) and an example for the third hypothesis of the nonparametric binomial test. Research suggests that the quality of audit fees special education and academic auditors and audit does not impact on the level of customer satisfaction and the standards and guidelines specific to certain accounting and client satisfaction, quality and impact. Copyright © IJABM, all rights reserved.
Diversity and abundance of T 4-like bacteriophages in situ

With 5 to 25 phages per cell in a given environment, phages are the most abundant biological entities on the planet, yet relatively little is known about their abundance and diversity. Using degenerate primers targeting the gp23 capsid protein for T4-like phages we demonstrate the presence of T4-like phages in marine samples (Stony beach) and microbial mats found in a brackish river setting (Trunk River). Based on dilution of these samples and estimated efficiency of the degenerate primers and the DNA extraction we estimate that 1g of mat contains at least ~10 5-6 of these T4-like phages. Based on PCR fragments size we suspect that these phages are cyanophages, a conclusion that agrees with the known fact that these mats contain cyanobacteria. Using the digital PCR technology we demonstrate that "all bacterial" primers/probe can amplify single rDNA targets extracted from a marine environment. In addition we demonstrate that T4-like degenerate primers can amplify single T4 amplicons on chip.
When Is Noise Speech A Survey in Sonic Ambiguity

��� NoiseSpeech is a compositional device in which sound is digitally manipulated with the intention of evoking the sound qualities of unintelligible speech (Dean 2005). Speech is characterized by “rapidly changing broadband sounds” (Zatorre, Belin, and Penhune 2002), whereas music—particularly tonal music—changes more slowly and narrowly in frequency content. As Zatorre and colleagues argue, this distinction may be reflected in better temporal resolution in the left auditory cortex and better spectral resolution in the right, so that perception is adapted to both ranges and extremes of sonic stimuli. NoiseSpeech is constructed either by applying the formant structure (that is, spectral peak content) of speech to noise or other sounds, or by distorting speech sounds such that they no longer form identifiable phonemes or words. The resultant hybrid is an artistic device that, we argue, may owe its force to an encapsulation of the affective qualities of human speech, while intentionally stripping the sounds of any semantic content. In this article, we present an empirical investigation of listener perceptions of NoiseSpeech, demonstrating that non-specialist listeners hear such sounds as similar to each other and to unaltered speech. NoiseSpeech is ambiguous in evoking the identification of an everyday source of sound—human speech—within the musical context of sound art. Arguably, it could be said to blur the distinction described by Gaver (1993a, 1993b) between two types of listening: the “everyday” and the “musical. ” When NoiseSpeech occurs in the context of a composition or performance, what form of listening does a listener employ? The context is one of musical listening, yet the identification of the sounds with the human generation of speech is an everyday listening concern. The propensity to identify the source of a sound is a question of interest to both cognitive and ecological approaches to perception. Handel (1989) posits that cognizing sound in
Soft-Start Circuit in Wireless Power Transmission System

Transmitter circuit in wireless power transmission system runs on DC power supply. In high power WPT system, a rectifier circuit requires soft-start circuit to avoid inrush currents. In this paper we propose a soft-start circuit based on a MOSFET switch. Main features of the proposed circuit are that it does not require additional power supply and its power dissipation can be regulated. Design is evaluated through simulations and measurements. The proposed circuit is compared to a standard resistor-based soft-start circuit with respect to turn-on cycle behavior and power dissipation.
Stress Whitening in Polyester Melamine Coatings Role of time and temperature in industry thermosetting polymer coatings

Stress whitening is a long-standing problem and scientific work has focused on evaluating causes of this in bulk polymer systems. In this paper we focus on this optical defect exhibited by a complex thermosetting polyester melamine coating system used extensively in the pre-coated metal industry. There are several mechanisms proposed for how stress whitening occurs and hence there is uncertainty over the causes in the systems mentioned. The most likely explanation given to date is that a number of proposed micro-mechanisms exist, which one is occurring is entirely dependent on the system being investigated. The work presented shows that the presence of dissimilar particles is the cause of the stress whitening. The proposed mechanism for whitening and its disappearance in this case is a time and temperature dependent change in density, i.e. cracking or voiding, where the cracks are outside the range that scatters light with an increase in temperature.
Energy based simulation software for responsive structures

The paper has two targets: a theoretical and a practical one which are totally dependant on each other: Its first purpose is to prove based on detailed comparative study by use of competent software apparatus that rotation in a building abiding by strict rules of adaptation to environmental changes (climate, season, time of day, sun duration etc.) should be viewed by modern architecture as a sine-qua-non in terms of energy consumption economy, environmental resources protection, achievement of high standards of living in the city. The aforementioned benefits will be evidenced by means of comparison of responsive structures to traditional ones. The second and most important purpose is to elaborate and provide the fundamental data and information for the creation of a supporting software for the above described model. The two in interaction will result in “revolution” in modern architecture.
Data-DrivenRobustRecedingHorizonFaultEstimation ?

This paper presents a data-driven receding horizon fault estimation method for additive actuator and sensor faults in unknown linear time-invariant systems, with enhanced robustness to stochastic identification errors. State-of-the-art methods construct fault estimators with identified state-space models or Markov parameters, but they do not compensate for identification errors. Motivated by this limitation, we first propose a receding horizon fault estimator parameterized by predictor Markov parameters. This estimator provides (asymptotically) unbiased fault estimates as long as the subsystem from faults to outputs has no unstable transmission zeros. When the identified Markov parameters are used to construct the above fault estimator, zero-mean stochastic identification errors appear as model uncertainty multiplied with unknown fault signals and online system inputs/outputs (I/O). Based on this fault estimation error analysis, we formulate a mixed-norm problem for the offline robust design that regards online I/O data as unknown. An alternative online mixed-norm problem is also proposed that can further reduce estimation errors when the online I/O data have large amplitudes, at the cost of increased computational burden. Based on a geometrical interpretation of the two proposed mixed-norm problems, systematic methods to tune the user-defined parameters therein are given to achieve desired performance trade-offs. Simulation examples illustrate the benefits of our proposed methods compared to recent literature.
A STUDY ON RAYLEIGH BACKSCATTERING NOISE IN SINGLE FIBER TRANSMISSION PON

In this paper, we measured the distributed Rayleigh backscattering (RB) noise along the length of the fiber optic network by a certain method. Rayleigh backscattering noise which is generated by some distributed reflections of random index fluctuation along the optical fiber may cause severe degradation problems in bidirectional transmission performance of passive optical network (PON) system. Some experiments have been conducted to study the RB noise impairment by measuring the total detected backscattered power in single fiber transmission using power meter. Then these results were extracted to find the RB noise as a function of fiber length. Common calculated results that were published everywhere was verified by our measurement results show that the average RB noise is about -32 dB with about 1 dB discrepancy for 25-115 Km fiber transmission for about 0 dBm launched input optical power. The modulated DFB laser diode by 10 Gb/s data rate on-offkeying signal (OOK) for amplitude modulation was used as an optical transmitter. We believe that our simple architecture can be deployed to build a more complex system network for the future bidirectional transmission in the long reach wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (LRWDM-PON) systems.
TERAHERTZ CHIRPER FOR THE BUNCH COMPRESSION OF ULTRA-LOW EMITTANCE BEAMS ∗

Recent efforts have demonstrated the possibility of achieving ultralow transverse emittance beams for high brightness light sources and free electron lasers, on the order of tens to hundreds of nanometers [1]. While these lower emittances should translate to improved lasing efficiency and higher peak brightness in FELs, these beams are commensurately more vulnerable to coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) for the selfsame reasons. Conserving these ultralow emittances through the bunch compressors in an FEL given their increased propensity to emit CSR is particularly challenging. We investigate the possibility of imposing a large energy chirp at terahertz wavelengths to reduce the required magnetic fields in the compressor, counteracting the ultralow emittance in the generation of CSR. A second, higher frequency THz chirper would then be used to dechirp the beam after the chicane. Operation at THz as opposed to conventional radiofrequencies offers significantly larger chirp for similar input powers while still acting on the entire bunch for typical FEL bunch lengths of tens of femtoseconds. Potential experimental schemes will be suggested in the context of LCLS and their feasibility evaluated. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION Chicanes are commonly used in the compression of highly relativistic beams. The bunch energy is chirped prior to entry into the chicane where dispersion in the dipoles results in an energy dependent path length. The path length relative to the reference particle is given by Eq.(1), where δ is the relative energy spread and the compression factor, R56 is defined in Eq.(2). ∆s = R56δ + O(δ2) (1)
Valproate Prevents Epileptiform Activity After Trauma in an In Vitro Model in Neocortical Slices

PURPOSE Epileptogenesis is a hallmark of severe cortical trauma, with up to approximately 80% of patients experiencing seizures in the first 24 hours after penetrating head injury. An in vitro model of traumatic brain injury was developed to investigate hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis and their prevention. We determined whether sodium valproate would prevent epileptiform activity in this experimental model. METHODS Rat cortical slices were prepared and maintained in vitro using standard methods. Trauma was effected by removing the superficial 450-500 microm of slices. Traumatized slices were exposed to valproate at various time points. Intracellular and extracellular recordings were used to assess evoked activities. RESULTS In untreated traumatized deep segments, hyperexcitability was manifested by depressed inhibition and often (54%) by epileptiform activity. Preparations exposed to valproate at 30 minutes or later after trauma showed abnormal activity similar to control traumatized slices. Epileptogenicity in deep segments was significantly reduced when slices were exposed to valproate (a) continuously immediately after trauma, (b) after a 20-minute delay, or (c) immediately after trauma for 1 hour and then returned to physiological solution. Finally, slices that were exposed to valproate or pentobarbital beginning 20 minutes after trauma for only 1 hour and then returned to physiological medium showed a significant reduction in abnormal activity. Valproate was found to enhance fast gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)-ergic inhibitory strength. CONCLUSIONS Valproate significantly reduces epileptiform activity after trauma to the neocortex, likely by restoring the excitation-inhibition balance, perhaps through augmentation of gamma-aminobutyric acid transmission. The timing of this action may have implications for mechanisms of seizure genesis and may suggest a role for rapid treatment.
Longitudinal monitoring of steroid profiles – Improvements to the analytical procedure

Background In recent years, there has been an increasing focus within the anti-doping community on the concept of applying subject-based thresholds for the detection of prohibited substances or methods. This concept is already being implemented in the field of haematological analysis, and the possible application of subject-based thresholds for the urinary testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) ratio has been discussed by Sottas et al. [1]. In comparison with the current, population-based threshold of T/E = 4, subject-based thresholds have been shown to significantly increase the possibility of detecting testosterone abuse [2]. This approach may be expanded to include any other analyte or ratio showing a smaller intra-individual than interindividual variability. In addition to testosterone and epitestosterone, several endogenous steroids are of particular interest [3] if they are monitored longitudinally, and it is plausible that subject-based upper and lower thresholds may be applied to steroid ratios other than T/E.
An Initial Investigation of the Effects of a Fully Automated Vehicle Fleet on Geometric Design

This paper investigates the potential changes in the geometric design elements in response to a fully autonomous vehicle fleet. When autonomous vehicles completely replace conventional vehicles, the human driver will no longer be a concern. Currently, and for safety reasons, the human driver plays an inherent role in designing highway elements, which depend on the driver’s perception-reaction time, driver’s eye height, and other driver related parameters. This study focuses on the geometric design elements that will directly be affected by the replacement of the human driver with fully autonomous vehicles. Stopping sight distance, decision sight distance, and length of sag and crest vertical curves are geometric design elements directly affected by the projected change. Revised values for these design elements are presented and their effects are quantified using a real-life scenario. An existing roadway designed using current AASHTO standards has been redesigned with the revised values. Compared with the existing design, the proposed design shows significant economic and environmental improvements, given the elimination of the human driver.
L G ] 2 9 M ay 2 01 9 Privacy Amplification by Mixing and Diffusion Mechanisms

A fundamental result in differential privacy states that the privacy guarantees of a mechanism are preserved by any post-processing of its output. In this paper we investigate under what conditions stochastic post-processing can amplify the privacy of a mechanism. By interpreting post-processing as the application of a Markov operator, we first give a series of amplification results in terms of uniform mixing properties of the Markov process defined by said operator. Next we provide amplification bounds in terms of coupling arguments which can be applied in cases where uniform mixing is not available. Finally, we introduce a new family of mechanisms based on diffusion processes which are closed under post-processing, and analyze their privacy via a novel heat flow argument. As applications, we show that the rate of “privacy amplification by iteration” in Noisy SGD introduced by Feldman et al. [2018] admits an exponential improvement in the strongly convex case, and propose a simple mechanism based on the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process which has better mean squared error than the Gaussian mechanism when releasing a bounded function of the data.
SU-8 Based MEMS Process with Two Metal Layers using α-Si as a Sacrificial Material

Polymer based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) micromachining is finding more interest in research and applications. This is due to its low cost and less time processing compared with silicon MEMS. SU-8 is a photo-patternable polymer that is used as a structural layer for MEMS and microfluidic devices. In addition to being processed with low cost, it is a biocompatible material with good mechanical properties. Also, amorphous silicon (α-Si) has found use as a sacrificial layer in silicon MEMS applications. α-Si can be deposited at large thicknesses for MEMS applications and also can be released in a dry method using XeF2 which can solve stiction problems related to MEMS applications. In this thesis, an SU-8 MEMS process is developed using amorphous silicon (α-Si) as a sacrificial layer. Electrostatic actuation and sensing is used in many MEMS applications. SU-8 is a dielectric material which limits its direct use in electrostatic actuation. This thesis provides a MEMS process with two conductive metal electrodes that can be used for outof-plane electrostatic applications like MEMS switches and variable capacitors. The process provides the fabrication of dimples that can be conductive or non-conductive to facilitate more flexibility for MEMS designers. This SU-8 process can fabricate SU-8 MEMS structures of a single layer of two different thicknesses. Process parameters were tuned for two sets of thicknesses which are thin (5-10μm) and thick (130μm). Chevron bent-beam structures and different suspended beams (cantilevers and bridges) were fabricated to characterize the SU-8 process through extracting the density, Young’s Modulus and the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of SU-8. Also, the process was tested and used as an educational tool through which different MEMS
An Iterative Learning Control Algorithm within Prescribed Input-Output Subspace

In this paper, we consider an iterative learning control method (for short, ILC method). With the iteration of experiments, the ILC method yields the desired input for tracking the target trajectory. Most of former ILC methods use the time derivative of the error signal or the passivity of systems. Contrary to these former methods, this paper proposes an alternative ILC algorithm which does not use such things. This algorithm has the following property; the input space is restricted in the prescribed subspace, and the iterative learning law uses the modified error signal, which is projected on this input subspace. The effectiveness of the proposal method is demonstrated by a numerical example and an experiment.
Ammonia and organic compound removal from dairy milk simulation wastewater by coconut shell ( Cocos nucifera )

One of organic compound which inhibits anaerobic waste water treatment is ammonia. Ammonia concentration can decrease with coconut shell as media in anaerobic wastewater treatment. This research using dairy milk simulated waste water. This research is studying ammonia concentration, COD, alkalinity, VFA, ammonia removal and COD removal after incubation 7 days. This research use square shaped reactor made of HDPE. The total Volume of the reactor is 12 L. The reactor mainly consists an influents port, effluent port and manometer. This research using anaerobic batch system. The reactor contained coconut shell activated carbon and dairy milk simulated wastewater after 7 days, the reactor is capable of ammonia and COD allowance for a maximum of 60.55% and 44.54% is the reactor with the addition of coconut shell activated carbon with an ammonia concentration of 1000 mg/L In this research also analyses the Scanning Electron Microscopy of coconut shell activated carbon after contact with dairy milk simulated wastewater.
Strukturierte Befundung in der klinischen Routine Structured Reporting in Clinical Routine

Background The radiology report is the key component in the communication between radiologists and referring clini-cians. Traditionally, reports are written as free text. Several studies have shown that structured reporting using dedicated report templates has a number of advantages compared to conventional reports. Therefore, many radiological societies have recommended the implementation of structured reporting in clinical routine. Method In the meantime, collections of freely available templates have been presented and software solutions for structured reporting have been made commercially available. These allow for quality improvements in the written radiology report as they ensure that all relevant clinical information is
The impact of green water management strategies on household-level agriculturalwater productivity in a semi-arid region: A survey-based assessment

This study evaluates the effect of policies that encourage farmers to shift to crops with higher water productivity (CWP) on the farm-level CWP of agricultural systems in a semi-arid region of western China. We combine survey results of farmers’ historical cropping decisions from a 2010 survey with estimates of CWP from agronomic experiments analogous to actual cultivation practices in the region to model CWP at the farm level and understand changes driven by shifting crops. Policies designed to replace subsistence agricultural systems with two cash crops; potatoes and maize; resulted in an increase in the CWP of semi-arid agricultural systems of approximately 30% between the years 1990–2010. This change was driven by shifting to crops that have a peak water demand that occurs in the portions of the growing season with the highest rainfall. The results of this article illustrate the potential of shifts in cropping patterns to increase the CWP of agricultural systems in semi-arid regions.