Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Naturalistic Retrospective Review of Weight Gain in Bipolar Patients Treated With Second Generation Antipsychotics

Weight gain was minimal and equivalent among all antipsychotics in bipolar patients. *Registrational data are obtained from 1 year, Schoemaker et al, 2010. Registrational data are obtained from 2 years, Suppes et al, 2013. Registrational data are obtained from 10 weeks, Allison et al, 1999. AG indicates antipsychotic group; CG, comparison group. S econd-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are frequently used in the treatment of bipolar illness. These agents, however, are associated with weight gain and other metabolic issues in controlled trials and in naturalistic settings. In the past few years, new agents have been introduced into the American market. Asenapine is one of the newer SGAs approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Among the 3 newest agents, including iloperidone, asenapine, and lurasidone, asenapine is the only one that has been approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Previous registrational trials reveal that asenapine is one of a handful of SGAs that has a better metabolic profile, but this assessment is based on data from the original registrational trials. Design issues associated with these studies reduce the generalizability of the data. These issues include selection of patients with little or no comorbidities, a propensity toward adherence to treatment, few or no concomitant medications, and inclusion of a significant fraction of international sites and research subjects that may be less susceptible to weight gain or other metabolic issues. We performed a retrospective chart review study to examine weight gain associated with asenapine in a naturalistic setting. Charts of patients attending a universitybased, tertiary care bipolar clinic were reviewed. Patients attending this clinic were frequently referred for having refractory or difficult to control symptoms or those who had participated in previous clinical trials. Deidentified data encompassing age, sex, diagnosis, asenapine dose, dates and duration of treatment, concomitant medications, weight change, symptomatic severity, and laboratory measures were collected. Similar data for other SGAs, including quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone, were collected. For the evaluation of each antipsychotic group, the comparison group consisted of all these other subjects receiving different SGAs. The data were examined with unpaired 2-tailed t tests for the primary outcome measure
Oat‐cell carcinoma of the lung. Its origin and relationship to bronchial carcinoid

Electron‐microscopic examination of normal bronchial epithelium and mucous glands has revealed the presence of cells similar in appearance to Kultschitzky (argentaffin) cells in the intestinal canal. The cells, which possess long cytoplasmic processes, are present in small numbers at all levels of the bronchial tree and are found adjacent to the basement membrane. They contain characteristic cytoplasmic granules referred to as neurosecretory‐type granules, which are similar to those present in intestinal argentaffin cells, adrenal medullary cells and sympathetic nerve endings. Eighteen bronchial carcinoid tumors and 22 oat‐cell pulmonary cancers have also been found to contain similar neurosecretory‐type granules in the tumor cell cytoplasm. On the basis of light‐microscopic similarities and the production of similar common patterns of hormonal disturbances and the possession of similar ultramicroscopic features, it is suggested that oat‐cell pulmonary cancer and bronchial carcinoid tumors are closely related. They may be, respectively, the malignant and locally malignant form of tumors derived from Kultschitzky‐type cells normally found throughout the bronchial tree.
Reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in macaques after simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac superinfection

By superinfection of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) strain HIV-2ben-infected macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac, we investigated the mutual influences of an apathogenic and a pathogenic virus in vivo. Four rhesus and two cynomolgus monkeys were infected with HIV-2ben in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Virus could be reisolated from five of six animals 6 weeks after infection. The monkeys remained healthy over the next 2 to 3 years. PCR for viral RNA became negative, and virus could no longer be reisolated by coculture. All six macaques were superinfected with the pathogenic SIVmac251/32H. Subsequently, five monkeys became persistently viremic, while one animal was protected against the SIVmac infection. In the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cocultures of the five viremic animals, DNA from both HIV-2 and SIVmac was present. The plasma contained RNA from both viruses. Thus, superinfection with SIVmac activated HIV-2. A proliferative T-cell response against both HIV-2 and SIVmac was measured in all animals after superinfection. Such a response was regularly seen after infection with the apathogenic HIV-2 but never when the pathogenic SIVmac alone was administered. While naive control monkeys inoculated with SIVmac251/32H regularly develop AIDS-like symptoms soon after infection and have to be killed, none of the preinfected animals has developed AIDS-like symptoms, but two of six animals developed tumors. After the SIVmac challenge, however, apoptotic lymphocytes were detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all animals. Thus, the presence of an apathogenic viral variant seems to retard the disease occurring after infection with a pathogenic virus rather than to confirm total protection. This partial protection appears to depend on a specific proliferative T-cell response early after infection.
Sensorless torque-controlled Induction Motor drive for EV applications

This paper presents a robust sensorless control technique for an Induction Motor (IM) used for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. In order to estimate the rotor speed, a new back-electromotive-force (back-EMF) based-model reference adaptive system (MRAS) estimator is proposed. The new back-EMF MRAS is independent from the stator resistance and stator inductance parameters. Hence the proposed scheme is immune to these parameters variations. It also is robust against inverter nonlinearity and shows consistency at starting from standstill. The proposed scheme has been experimentally implemented and tested on a 19-kW induction motor (IM), of a type used for the automotive industry for EV applications. A comparison is carried out between the performance of the conventional and the proposed back-EMF MRAS. Tests include sensitivity to stator resistance variation and capability to start from standstill. Experimental results show the improved performance achieved using the proposed sensorless control scheme and its suitability for EV applications.
Large-scale manufacturing of safe and efficient retrovirus packaging lines for use in immunotherapy protocols.

BACKGROUND The use of gene modified T lymphocytes for immunotherapy in a cancer or AIDS clinical trial requires an efficient, safe ex vivo method for modification of these cells at manufacturing scale. Since retroviruses have been shown to be a moderately effective means of stably integrating therapeutic genes into T lymphocytes, we wanted to create packaging and producer cell lines that would produce replication competent retrovirus (RCR)-free supernatants, at large scale (> 200 l), and transduce with high efficiency. METHODS cDNA expression plasmids containing only coding sequences for gagpol or env were built and sequentially transfected into human 293 cells. Packaging and producer clones were characterized for stability, titer and RCR. A producer clone delivering chimeric immune receptors was scaled-up and supernatants used to transduce patient T lymphocytes for clinical studies. PCR and RT-PCR assays were utilized to evaluate the transmission of HERV-H sequences. Relative infectivity of producer clones pseudotyped with different envelopes was determined by transduction and RT assays. RESULTS RCR-free, human 293 split-genome packaging lines, pseudotyped with amphotropic, xenotropic, or 10A1 envelopes, were created. A CC49 zeta producer clone was scaled-up to 5 x 54 l lots and supernatants used to safely and efficiently transduce patient T lymphocytes with minimal ex vivo manipulation. While 293 cells express HERV-H mRNA, the transmission frequency in our packaging clones was less than 1 HERV-H sequence per 5 x 10(5) proviral integrations. Additionally, 10A1 and xenotropic packaging lines had higher infectivities than the amphotropic clone. CONCLUSION These packaging lines represent the safest configuration for the large-scale production of retroviral vectors, and are capable of producing high titer, RCR-free retroviral vector for large scale clinical use. While all three clones efficiently transduce human T lymphocytes, the 10A1 clone has the highest infectivity. These packaging cell lines will be valuable for use in human gene therapy protocols.
Overview of Single Channel Noise Suppression Algorithms

• Signal model and notation: y[n] = x[n] + v[n], which in vector form yk = xk + vk allows computing STFT Y (ω) = X(ω)+V (ω), where ω is the DFT frequency bin and k is the frame time index, (sometimes the notation ωk is used). For each frequency, the amplitude of the signal spectra are denoted Yk, Xk, and Vk. • Noise and speech are assumed to be zero mean and uncorrelated. Frequency bins are generally considered independent, yet assigning joint distributions to them is possible. No effects of reverberation are considered in this initial review.
Long Term Average Speech Spectra in Yolngu Matha and Pitjantjatjara Speaking Females and Males

This paper provides a spectral analysis of two Australian languages Yolngu Matha (YM), Pitjantjatjara (PTJ) and Australian Aboriginal English (AAE) as spoken in two language communities. The aim of this study is to show clear quantitative spectral differences between Australian Aboriginal English and the two Aboriginal languages. Thirteen speakers of Yolngu Matha (YolNu Matha) ten male, three female and three female speakers of Pitjantjatjara were recorded reading or retelling a passage in their first language and also in English. The results show that there is a difference between the spectral averages of the two language groups with the AAE having higher amplitudes at higher frequencies when compared to the two Australian languages. The Australian Aboriginal language examples all show higher amplitudes for frequencies between 750 Hz and 2 kHz for all speakers.
A group version of a perceptual maze test.

Two group versions of a multiple-choice perceptual maze test are described. The test has been administered to two groups of normal subjects. The results show that the test has a high reliability and suggest that the material reliably samples an ability which is not normally measured by intelligence tests. It is tentatively suggested that this ability may be related to perceptual capacity. The importance of perceptual factors in determining intelligent behaviour is briefly discussed.
Performance evaluation of no-reference image quality metrics for face biometric images

Abstract. The accuracy of face recognition systems is significantly affected by the quality of face sample images. The recent established standardization proposed several important aspects for the assessment of face sample quality. There are many existing no-reference image quality metrics (IQMs) that are able to assess natural image quality by taking into account similar image-based quality attributes as introduced in the standardization. However, whether such metrics can assess face sample quality is rarely considered. We evaluate the performance of 13 selected no-reference IQMs on face biometrics. The experimental results show that several of them can assess face sample quality according to the system performance. We also analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different IQMs as well as why some of them failed to assess face sample quality. Retraining an original IQM by using face database can improve the performance of such a metric. In addition, the contribution of this paper can be used for the evaluation of IQMs on other biometric modalities; furthermore, it can be used for the development of multimodality biometric IQMs.
ASPECTS OF FLUID THERAPY: An experimental study of the effects of systemic inflammation, microvascular permeability, blood pressure and plasma volume

Adequate circulating blood volume is a prerequisite for circulatory stability. Fluid therapy aims at correcting hypovolaemia, and is an important part of the haemodynamic management of perioperative and critically ill patients. The efficacy of plasma volume substitution largely depends on the pharmacological properties of the colloid solutions used. However, according to the 2-pore theory for transvascular exchange of fluid and macromolecules, it can also be influenced by such physiological factors as systemic inflammation, microvascular permeability, blood pressure, and prevailing plasma volume. This doctoral thesis based on 5 experimental studies performed on the rat and on the guinea pig, is aimed at evaluating the plasma volume expanding capacity of currently used colloid solutions and the changes in plasma volume in experimental models representing clinically relevant constellations of the above mentioned physiological factors. It also evaluated and compared the ability of activated protein C and prostacyclin to counteract an increased protein leakage in septic inflammation. Plasma volume expanding capacity of currently used colloid solutions was evaluated in standardized models of hypovolaemia. Plasma volume was measured with a 125I-albumin dilution technique. The studies showed that both during normal and increased microvascular permeability 6% dextran-70 and 5% albumin were more effective plasma expanders than 6% HES 130/0.4 and 4% gelatin. HES and gelatin were equally effective and produced similar increase in plasma volume as did normal saline given in 4-times larger volume. Both dextran and albumin showed an absorbing effect which was still present 3 h after infusion, but abolished when permeability was increased. During increased permeability all studied colloid solutions and normal saline were less effective regarding the plasma volume expanding capacity. The effects of the prevailing plasma volume and the increase in blood pressure accomplished by noradrenalin infusion were also studied regarding the subsequent changes in plasma volume during normal and increased permeability. The results showed that the increase in blood pressure and plasma volume, separately or in combination, was associated with larger plasma volume loss which was consequently larger during increased than during normal permeability. On the other hand, the refill of plasma volume, normally seen in hypovolaemia after haemorrhage, was counteracted by noradrenalin infusion. The physiological mechanisms explaining these findings most likely are associated with the changes in hydrostatic capillary pressure which is dependent on autoregulatory capacity, post-/precapillary resistance ratio, and systemic arterial and venous pressures. In the endotoxin induced inflammation, both activated protein C and prostacyclin reduced protein leakage in the gut and improved arterial oxygenation, and prostacyclin reduced protein leakage in the lung. (Less)
The influence of personal characteristics on student nurse health attitudes

Objectives: To measure student nurses' attitudes toward health and identify the influence of demographic characteristics and psychological wellbeing on these attitudes. Design: A cross-sectional survey between April and June 2006. Setting: An Australian University in South-East Queensland. Subjects: 369 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Nursing, Pre-Registration Program. Main outcome measures: Attitudes to health, measured by the Health Attitude Scale-form B and psychological wellbeing, measured by the General Health Questionnaire-28. Results:Student nurses were generally positive in their 'feelings', 'beliefs' and 'intentions' towards health behaviour. There was a significant difference in 'feelings' towards health by year of BN program (F(2,336) = 3.128, p<0.05), with respondents becoming more positive as they progressed through their study. Those not in employment had more positive 'feelings' towards health than those in employment (F(1,366) = 5.642, p<0.05) and the better reported psychological health, the more positive the 'feelings' (F(2,366) = 3.862, p<0.05). Older age groups reported more positive health 'beliefs' (F(3,350) = 4.414, p<0.01) and 'intentions to act' (F(3,350) = 2.986, p<0.05). Males were more positive than females in their health 'beliefs' (F(1,337) = 4.246, p<0.05). Conclusions: Individual characteristics influenced student nurses' attitudes towards health and measurement which incorporates 'feelings', 'beliefs' and 'intentions to act' as components of health attitudes provide a clearer picture of where these influences lie. Further research is advocated to replicate these findings in a broader sample and determine their implications in the design of primary prevention strategies.
Scheduling transmissions in industrial networks using source relaying and packet aggregation

Wireless networks present a promising alternative to the currently used wired systems as they are more flexible, easier to install and maintain. However, requirements on reliability and timeliness which at present are met by wired networks, also need be fulfilled by wireless solutions. Relaying and packet aggregation have been recognised as viable tools to do this. However, introducing additional relay nodes into an industrial network is costly. Hence, in this paper we propose to use a combination of relaying and packet aggregation performed by the source nodes themselves. The results show that our proposal improves performance considerably, but also that the transmission schedule plays a crucial role. A schedule adapting to the varying channel conditions, improves the performance substantially. By carefully choosing which packet to aggregate, even further improvements can be achieved.
PTR3, a novel gene mediating amino acid‐inducible regulation of peptide transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have isolated and characterized the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTR3 gene by functional complementation of a mutant deficient for amino acid‐inducible peptide transport. PTR3 is predicted to encode a protein of 678 amino acids that exhibits no similarity to any other protein in the database. Deletion of the PTR3 open reading frame pleiotropically reduced the sensitivity to toxic peptides and amino acid analogues. Initial rates of radiolabelled dipeptide uptake demonstrated that elimination of PTR3 resulted in the loss of amino acid‐induced levels of peptide transport. PTR3 was required for amino acid‐induced expression of PTR2, the gene encoding the dipeptide/tripeptide transport protein, but was not necessary for nitrogen catabolite repression of peptide import or PTR2 expression. It was determined that PTR3 also modulates expression of BAP2, the gene encoding the branched‐amino acid permease. Furthermore, we present genetic evidence that suggests that PTR3 functions within a novel regulatory pathway that facilitates amino acid induction of the PTR system.
Exploring New Concepts in the Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction : Is Exercise the Key for Improving Treatment ? Cell-and molecular-level mechanisms contributing to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF X

Campbell KS, Sorrell VL. Celland molecular-level mechanisms contributing to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF. J Appl Physiol 119: 1228–1232, 2015. First published April 24, 2015; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01168. 2014. —Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the default diagnosis for patients who have symptoms of heart failure, an ejection fraction 0.5, and evidence of diastolic dysfunction. The clinical condition, which was largely unrecognized 30 years ago, is now a major health problem and currently accounts for 50% of all patients with heart failure. Clinical studies show that patients with HFpEF exhibit increased passive stiffness of the ventricles and a slower rate of pressure decline during diastole. This review discusses some of the celland molecular-level mechanisms that contribute to these effects and focuses on data obtained using human samples. Collagen cross linking, modulation of protein kinase G-related pathways, Ca handling, and strain-dependent detachment of cross bridges are highlighted as potential factors that could be modulated to improve ventricular function in patients with HFpEF.
Bunyaviruses and the Type I Interferon System

The family Bunyaviridae contains more than 350 viruses that are distributed throughout the world. Most members of the family are transmitted by arthopods, and several cause disease in man, domesticated animals and crop plants. Despite being recognized as an emerging threat, details of the virulence mechanisms employed by bunyaviruses are scant. In this article we summarise the information currently available on how these viruses are able to establish infection when confronted with a powerful antiviral interferon system.
The acute antiarrhythmic and toxic effects in mice and dogs of 2-ethylamino-2',6-'acetoxylidine (L-86), a metabolite of lidocaine.

L-86 is a major metabolite of lidocaine. In mice, the estimated LD5O and LDO.1 values for L-86 given orally were 234 and 151 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding values for lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate were 292 and 78 mg/kg. Oral doses of 190 mg/kg of L-86 or 78 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate given 20 minutes before exposure to chloroform vapors inhibited the ventricular fibrillation which accompanies chloroform-induced respiratory arrest in the mouse. In four unanesthetized dogs with ventricular arrhythmias produced by two-stage ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, progressively larger i.v. doses of L-86 were given at hourly intervals. Doses of 2.5 mg/kg produced only minimal effects upon the ventricular arrhythmias whereas doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg produced distinct but transient antiarrhythmic effects. Emesis occurred in one dog after 5 mg/kg, in three dogs after 10 mg/kg and in two dogs after 20 mg/kg. Transient convulsions occurred in three dogs after 20 mg/kg. L-86 appears to be a more potent emetic than lidocaine in the dog, to be of similar potency with respect to lethality in mice and to be slightly less potent with respect to its antiarrhythmic actions in both mice and dogs. Thus, L-86 may contribute to the antiarrhythmic and toxic effects of lidocaine.
Comparison of fatty acid, mineral and proximate composition of body and legs of edible frog (Rana esculenta)

The fatty acid profile and mineral composition (calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, silicon, boron, cadmium, chromium, nickel, aluminium, copper, and lead) by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectometry (ICP-AES) and the proximate composition of the body and legs of edible frog (Rana esculenta) were investigated. The fatty acids occurring in the highest proportions in both the body and leg of frogs were mystiric acid (C14:0, 1.13–2.30%), palmitic acid (C16:0, 19.76–23.23%), stearic acid (C18:0, 3.61–6.29%), palmitoleic acid (C16:1, 7.06–13.08%), oleic acid (C18:1n-9 cis, 10.83–16.71%), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, 6.44–6.71%), γ-linolenic (C18:3n-6, 0.13–0.27%), linolenic (C18:3n-3, 2.32–3.37%), cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n-3, 4.71–7.72%), cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, 3.96–6.05%) and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-, 2.77–6.67%). Among the minerals determined, potassium was found to be highest, followed by phosphorus. Calcium, aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, nickel, boron, silicon and zinc are found to be lower than the potential toxicity levels.