Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Words to Actions: The Phonetics of Eigenlijk in Two Communicative Contexts

Abstract This paper presents the results of an investigation into the distribution of phonetic variants of the Dutch discourse marker eigenlijk, combining phonetic and conversation analytic methods. The paper shows that the phonetic form of eigenlijkdepends to some extent on the sequential environment in which the item is used; moreover, it shows that in the case of two such environments, the forms of eigenlijk are representative of tempo and reduction patterns spanning entire turns or turn-constructional units. These patterns can be related to the interactive function of the turns; thus, the findings presented here contribute to our as yet limited knowledge of the phonetic correlates of communicative actions.
DYSGEUSIA-A REVIEW

Dysgeusia, is distortion of the sense of taste. It is an abnormality in patient ability to detect the four standard taste stimuli (salt, sweat, sour, bitter) or electric stimuli (electrogustometry). The causes can be drugs, surgery or even idiopathic. In a majority of patients dysgeusia is considered as due to idiopathic causes. A distorted sense of taste can be risk factor for diabetes, stroke, heart disease. The loss of taste can also be sign of degenerative diseases of nervous system such as Parkinson’s disease. Taste disorder can cause us to eat too much sugar or salt to make our food better which leads some change in body conditions such as high blood pressure. KEYWORDS: Dysgeusia, hypogeusia, taste disorder, taste quality.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: II. How to Use an Article About Therapy or Prevention B. What Were the Results and Will They Help Me in Caring for My Patients?

CLINICAL SCENARIO You are a general internist who is asked to see a 65-year-old man with controlled hypertension and a 6-month history of atrial fibrillation resistant to cardioversion. Although he has no evidence for valvular or coronary heart disease, the family physician who referred him to you wants your advice on whether the benefits of long-term anticoagulants (to reduce the risk of embolic stroke) outweigh their risks (of hemorrhage from anticoagulant therapy). The patient shares these concerns and doesn't want to receive a treatment that would do more harm than good. You know that there have been randomized trials of warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and decide that you'd better review one of them.
Physical and Psychological Impairments Associated with Mucositis after Oral Cancer Treatment and Their Impact on Quality of Life

Background: Posttherapeutic mucositis is a common secondary effect of oral cancer treatment. Mucositis affects the oral mucosa, which leads to specific physical impairments in oral function and a negative impact on quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the impairments associated with oral mucositis and their impact on posttherapeutic quality of life. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,652 patients treated for oral cancer during the multicenter rehabilitation study of the German-Austrian-Swiss Cooperative Group on Tumors of the Maxillofacial Region (DÖSAK), which included 43 clinics from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The analysis was based on questionnaires filled out by patients following treatment. Results: Approximately 10% of 1,652 patients included in our study had physical or psychological impairments due to increased posttreatment oral mucositis; this was mainly due to adjuvant radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy administered. Oral mucositis was significantly associated with specific physical impairments, especially xerostomia and pain (p = 0.000), which required supportive care and analgesia (p = 0.000). Additionally, impaired ingestion and speech significantly led to psychological disorders such as public avoidance behavior and social isolation (p = 0.001). Depressive coping of disease (p = 0.001) and concomitant depressive tendencies (p = 0.004) were highly associated with mucositis, which was accompanied by diminished general condition (p = 0.001), bleak future prospects (p = 0.006), and a reduction in quality of life (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Minimizing mucositis-related impairments should be a main effort in oral cancer treatment to optimize patient outcome and improve quality of life after therapy.
Optimizing memory affinity with a hybrid compiler/OS approach

Optimizing the memory access behavior is an important challenge to improve the performance and energy consumption of parallel applications on shared memory architectures. Modern systems contain complex memory hierarchies with multiple memory controllers and several levels of caches. In such machines, analyzing the affinity between threads and data to map them to the hardware hierarchy reduces the cost of memory accesses. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid technique to optimize the memory access behavior of parallel applications. It is based on a compiler optimization that inserts code to predict, at runtime, the memory access behavior of the application and an OS mechanism that uses this information to optimize the mapping of threads and data. In contrast to previous work, our proposal uses a proactive technique to improve the future memory access behavior using predictions instead of the past behavior. Our mechanism achieves substantial performance gains for a variety of parallel applications.
Automatically calibrated occupancy sensors for an ambient assisted living system

Occupancy detection in customary resting places of people living alone at home is a main issue in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems. Typical occupancy sensors are based on pressure-contact mats or load transducers with a predefined threshold which is established during the sensor installation and should be recalibrated manually if the transducer response
Diseño de un registro multicéntrico para evaluar control de ritmo contra control de la frecuencia en fibrilación auricular: Registro Mexicano de Fibrilación Auricular (ReMeFA)

Arch Cardiol Mex 2011;81(1):13-171405-9940/$ - see front matter © 2011 Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez. Publicado por Elsevier Mexico. Todos los derechos reservados.Correspondencia: Pedro Iturralde Torres. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Departamento de Electrocardiologia. Juan Badiano N°1 Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, CP. 14080. Telefono: 5513-3740. Correo electronico: pedroi@yahoo.com
CD20-directed therapy in autoimmune diseases involving the skin: role of rituximab

Autoimmune disorders with cutaneous involvement include lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis and autoimmune blistering diseases. In all of them, treatment is challenging and refractory cases are frequent. For this group of patients, the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy that involves the transitory depletion of B cells, often resulting in dramatic clinical responses in otherwise treatment-resistant patients. Here, we review the use of rituximab in patients with autoimmune disorders involving the skin, such as lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, as well as in autoimmune bullous diseases, including pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. The mode of action of rituximab, different treatment protocols, clinical responses, effects on circulating antibody levels, safety profile and future directions in B-cell-targeted therapy are summarized.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH: A REVIEW OF THE GREEK EVIDENCE

The socioeconomic status effects on individual health state are increasingly recognised in ac­ ademic literature. This survey reviews the existing theoretical and empirical findings in Greece, the indicators applied and the methodological problems encountered in the existing literature. Thus, the study aims at informing both the researcher and the policy maker about the state of knowledge regarding the effects of socioeconomic and occupational status on health.
Factores asociados a la culminación del proyecto de investigación requerido para optar el título de especialista en una universidad peruana

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la culminacion del proyecto de investigacion requerido para optar el titulo de especialista en una universidad peruana. Materiales y metodos. Se realizo un estudio transversal. La unidad de analisis fue el medico residente egresado durante los anos 2010-2012. Se reviso los archivos de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). Las variables continuas y categoricas fueron resumidas en medidas de tendencia central y frecuencias, respectivamente. Se compararon los factores presentes en los medicos residentes que teniendo su proyecto aprobado culminaron o no dicho proyecto. Resultados. Doscientos diecisiete medicos residentes cumplieron los criterios de inclusion y exclusion. El 32,7% (71/217) culmino su proyecto en el periodo mencionado. Los factores que favorecieron la culminacion del proyecto fueron: la universidad de procedencia, el indice de publicaciones del asesor, el ano academico y la duracion del residentado. En el analisis multivariado solo fue significativo: haber realizado tesis durante el pregrado (OR: 3,41; IC 95%: 1,18-9,79) y contar con un asesor con 2 promedio de publicaciones por ano (OR: 3,21; IC 95%: 1,01-12,56). Conclusiones. Es baja la frecuencia de culminacion de los proyectos de investigacion en el residentado medico de la Facultad de Medicina de la UPCH y esta asociada a que el medico residente haya realizado investigacion durante el pregrado y que cuente con un asesor con elevado indice de publicacion por ano
Dealing with major depression

One in ten South Africans will be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) at some point in their lives. MDD is a potentially disabling condition that affects many spheres of an individual’s life and leads to marked social and occupational dysfunction. General practitioners are frequently required to diagnose and manage MDD, often in a time-pressured primary healthcare setting. This article aims to provide practitioners with an overview of MDD. It covers aspects of diagnosis, co-morbidity, pharmacology and special patient groups.
Optoacoustic imaging of blood for visualization and diagnostics of breast cancer

Aggressive malignant tumors may be diagnosed based on relative concentration of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in the tumor microvasculature. Optoacoustic images of breast cancer and prostate cancer may be acquired at two laser wavelengths matching maximum of oxyhemoglobin (1064-nm, Nd:YAG laser) and deoxyhemoglobin (760-nm, Alexandrite laser). Two optoacoustic systems operating in forward and backward mode respectively for breast cancer and prostate cancer detection, employing arrays of ultravide-band piezoelectric transducers and multichannel electronics was described. After systems testing and calibration in phantoms, initial experiments were performed on patients with suspicious tumors. Quantitative analysis of two-color optoacoustic images was correlated with biopsy and histology. Possibility for tumor differentiation was demonstrated.
2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.

WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS* Patrick T. O’Gara, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair†; Frederick G. Kushner, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI, Vice Chair*†; Deborah D. Ascheim, MD, FACC†; Donald E. Casey, Jr, MD, MPH, MBA, FACP, FAHA‡; Mina K. Chung, MD, FACC, FAHA*†; James A. de Lemos, MD, FACC*†; Steven M. Ettinger, MD, FACC*§; James C. Fang, MD, FACC, FAHA*†; Francis M. Fesmire, MD, FACEP* ¶; Barry A. Franklin, PHD, FAHA†; Christopher B. Granger, MD, FACC, FAHA*†; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, FACC, FAHA†; Jane A. Linderbaum, MS, CNP-BC†; David A. Morrow, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHA*†; L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA*†; Joseph P. Ornato, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FACEP†; Narith Ou, PharmD†; Martha J. Radford, MD, FACC, FAHA†; Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, MD, FACC†; Carl L. Tommaso, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI#; Cynthia M. Tracy, MD, FACC, FAHA†; Y. Joseph Woo, MD, FACC, FAHA†; David X. Zhao, MD, FACC*†
INFORMATION AND SKILL

approach of the late Dr Harold Wolff. Behavioural science is viewed by the authors as part of human ecology. They doubt whether a full understanding of molecular biology can ever lead to an appreciation of man's conduct and motivations. Detailed discussion is provided on the question of human adaptation to all manner of environmental stresses. Healthy living and the preventive approach regarding illness are emphasised. Much useful information is presented on the subject of physiological reactions to stressformerly a rather 'soft' area known as psychosomatic medicine. In this regard, the old mindbody, stimulus-response pattern is swept away in favour of a much more sophisticated pattern of multifactorial aetiology. Stress is appropriately evaluated in terms of an individual's perception of a situation rather than by an objective criterion. The female emancipation of recent years entails altered man-woman relationships, itself a possible source of stress as a factor in the production of new illness patterns. Dr Wolf and Miss Goodell have produced a thoughtful, modern text on behavioural science applied to clinical problems. Their book can be confidently recommended to medical undergraduates as well as to students of psychology and medical sociology.
The context of women's health: results from the demographic and health surveys, 1994-2001

This report describes the context of womens health in developing countries by reporting on key indicators found in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 46 countries in 5 regions around the world. An analysis of the context of womens health explores the status of maternal health (since most women age 15-49 years are mothers in developing countries key measures of womens health are based on mothers) along with the social behavioral and environmental contexts that encompass the lives of women. (excerpt)
Genetic Polymorphisms, Messenger RNA Expression of p53, p21, and CCND1, and Possible Links with Chromosomal Aberrations in Chinese Vinyl Chloride–Exposed Workers

This study explores the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of p53, p21, and CCND1, and the susceptibility of chromosomal damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (CH2 = CHCl, VCM). Besides gene polymorphisms, we detected the mRNA expression of p53, p21, and CCND1 in VCM-exposed workers and in a control group. One hundred and eighty-three workers occupationally exposed to VCM were investigated. Chromosome damage in peripheral lymphocyte was measured by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to detect polymorphisms of p53, p21 (exon 2 and exon 3), and CCND1 genes (exon 4). The quantity of gene mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR (SYBR Green I). Taking into account the effects of genetic polymorphisms, as well as demographic and habitual factors, Poisson regression analysis showed that the risk of chromosomal damage induced by VCM for individuals carrying the p53 intron 6 heterozygous and mutant homozygous genotype was 1.23 times larger (90% confidence interval, 1.01-1.51 P = 0.0814), compared with those carrying wild-type homozygous genotypes. The p53 exon 4, intron 3, and intron 6 haplotype pairs of MMM/WWW (M, mutation allele; W, wild allele), and MWM/WWW were associated with increased frequencies of micronuclei. The p53 mRNA expression of VCM-exposed workers was significantly lower than that of nonexposed workers, but p21 mRNA expression in VCM-exposed workers was significantly higher than that of nonexposed workers. Our findings suggest that the p53 intron 6 polymorphism is one of the factors that potentially influence the frequency of micronuclei induced by VCM. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(10):2578–84)
The First Negative Moment of Skew-t and Generalized Student's t-Distributions in the Principal Value Sense

The (Cauchy) principal value is a method for assigning values to certain improper integrals which would otherwise be undefined. Using the principal value sense, this study derives an explicit expression of the first negative moment of skew-t and generalized Student's t-distributions for practical applications. Some applications obtained from the FNM of skew-t and generalized Student's t-distributions are also discussed.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and clonidine for attenuation of sympathoadrenal responses and anesthetic requirements to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation

Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation after the induction of anesthesia are nearly always associated with a sympathetic hyperactivity. To attenuate the pressor response, various drugs have been tried, but studies to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are anecdotal and sparse. This study aims to find the drug, which was best suited for this purpose and to compare their effects on sedation and anesthetic requirements. Methods: This was a prospective study, which involved three groups of patients. Each group had 20 patients who presented for elective, non-cardiovascular surgeries. The patients in group I (control) were given normal saline and the groups II and III were given dexmedetomidine and clonidine, respectively. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and Ramsay sedation score were recorded at 1 and 2 min after completion of administration of study drug. Induction was done with propofol and required dose is noted. HR, SBP, and DBP were again assessed during intubation and at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intubation. The obtained clinical data were analyzed statistically with analysis of variance. Results: In our study, HR, SBP, and DBP all increased during intubation and thereafter in all three groups. Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg and clonidine 2 μg/kg significantly attenuated the cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation. However, attenuation was significantly more with the dexmedetomidine group with a quicker return to baseline. Dexmedetomidine also fared in terms of anesthetic requirement (propofol) and sedative action. Conclusion: Preoperative administration of a single dose of dexmedetomidine blunted the hemodynamic responses more than clonidine or placebo during laryngoscopy, and reduced anesthetic requirements.
Gastrorenal Axis

Hypertension is present in about 40% of the world's population and is responsible for 12.8% of total deaths (1). In the USA, hypertension affects 32% (2011 to 2012) of the middle-age (40-59 years) adult population and is responsible for 35.6% of total deaths (2-4). However, these statistics do not include normotensive individuals who are salt-sensitive. Almost half of the US population has hypertension, salt sensitivity, or both (5). Salt sensitivity, independent of the presence of hypertension, is a risk factor not only for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (5, 6) but also for other diseases, e.g., asthma, gastric carcinoma, osteoporosis, renal dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome (7, 8). Salt sensitivity may also interfere with the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure (9). Failure of the normal night-time dip in blood pressure may be associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (9, 10). The World Health Organization recommends reducing salt consumption to less than 5 g of NaCl per day in adults, to help prevent hypertension, heart disease, and stroke (11). In a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, it was concluded that in the normotensive population, there is no relation between the amount of sodium restriction (136-188 mmol/day) and blood pressure level. However, in the prehypertensive and hypertensive populations, reduction in sodium intake (77-140 mmol/day) correlated with a decrease in blood pressure (12). Another meta-analysis indicated that a modest reduction in salt intake for 4 or more weeks causes a decrease in blood pressure levels in both hypertensive and normotensive individuals (13). In subjects with no history of hypertension, no association was found between dietary sodium or potassium intake with hypertension or prehypertension (14). However, a lower limit of the daily NaCl intake is not defined (15). This is important because the relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure may not be linear but more of a J-shaped curve. There is evidence for an increase in cardiovascular risk at very low levels of sodium ingestion (16, 17). Sodium restriction (<40 mmol/day) may increase the blood pressure in 15 to 20% of the population and may be more apparent in normotensive than hypertensive individuals (18, 19, 20). A failure to take into account the influence of genetics and epigenetics on blood pressure response to sodium or potassium intake may explain some of the conflicting results. Hypertension and salt sensitivity are complex diseases caused by genetic predisposition and modified by environmental influences, such as sodium and potassium consumption and sedentary lifestyles. The precise genetic and epigenetic modifications that affect the regulatory mechanisms that lead to salt sensitivity are unknown. However, the importance of the kidney in blood pressure regulation is supported by renal transplantation studies in humans (21), rats (22, 23), and mice (24, 25). An inability of the kidney to excrete a sodium load would cause a positive sodium balance, an increase in blood pressure, and eventually hypertension.
Management of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of cervix-a single centre retrospective study

Abstract Purpose: To determine disease-free and overall survival of neuroendocrine small cell cancer of cervix treated at the Northern Ireland Cancer centre between 1999 and 2010. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed and treated with neuroendocrine small cell cancer of cervix in Northern Ireland. Details of treatment modality including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery were recorded. Results: Fifteen patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma (NSCC) of cervix were identified between 1999 and 2010, twelve with disease localised to the pelvis and three with metastatic disease. Three-year overall survival for all patients was 65% and disease-free survival was 45% for all patients. In patients with pelvic confined disease 3-year overall survival was 79% and disease-free survival was 57%. Median disease-free and overall survival was 30 and 39.6 months respectively. These survival rates compare very favourably to those reported in the literature. Stage of disease at diagnosis was the main determinant of survival. Conclusion: Local control and survival can be achieved in NSCC of patients with a combination of irradiation and platinum-based chemotherapy. Stage of disease determines outcomes.