Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional inclusion policies in Spain: new approaches and keys to their effectiveness

espanolLas politicas de inclusion engloban programas y prestaciones de distinto recorrido y naturaleza. Esta diversidad ha sido un obstaculo para profundizar y analizar de manera comparada estas acciones, no solo en Espana, sino tambien a nivel europeo. La crisis economica y del empleo evidencia la ineficacia de muchas de estas politicas. Este articulo presenta los nuevos enfoques que buscan la adecuacion de estas acciones y las claves para su eficacia. Para ello se toman como estudio de caso cinco comunidades autonomas de Espana. Los resultados que se presentan son parte del proyecto INCLUSIVE (CSO2014-51901-P) financiado por MINECO. EnglishInclusion policies involve programmes and services of different types and nature. This diversity has been an obstacle to analyze in a comparative way these actions, not only in Spain but also in Europe. The economic and employment crisis shows the ineffectiveness of many of these policies. This article presents new approaches that seek to adapt these actions and are key to their effectiveness. For this, five autonomous regions of Spain will be taken as a case study. The results presented are part of the INCLUSIVE project (CSO2014-51901-P) funded by MINECO.
Authentication and preference mapping of ham

Effective connection between the food industry and consumer demands are specific needs of consumers whitch were monitored in this study by using a preferential mapping method. Preference mapping is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which is performed on preferences ratings given for each product and preferences of each consumer through an online questionnaire. Key features for the consumer choice were colour, odour, consistency, total flavour and overall appearance. We verified the composition and mapped the preferences of 10 hams purchased in Slovakia. In view of the persistence of identified cases of food counterfeiting and meat fraud, intensive monitoring and scrutiny is required through effective and accurate analytical methods, which are crucial for maintaining consumer confidence and ensuring compliance with local legislation and labeling. The reference approach for identifying animal species in food is the PCR method, which is however limited to several animal species, meat types. The use of microarray technology enables the identification of a wider range of animal species and greater user comfort, especially the speed of obtaining the results. It allows 24 animal species to be identified in one analysis in 8 samples at a time. Detection was performed using Chipron LCD Aarray Kit Meat 5.0. In all analyzed samples, components of animal origin were identified in accordance on the packaging of the products. The Meat 5.0 LCD chip, which was used for analysis, has detected the presence of other animal species.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers about Exclusively Breastfeeding in Sabzevar in 2017

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the most important issues for public health and Pediatricians in developing countries. Despite the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, only 39% of children in the world are breastfed during the first six months of life.Methods: This study was a Cross-sectional descriptive-analysis conducted on a total number of 396 breastfeeding mothers in 2017.The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire, including demographic information, questions about knowledge and attitude, and performance. We collected the data through face-to-face interview.Results: Based on our results mean and standard deviation of knowledge score of exclusive breastfeeding, attitude, and performance were reported as 7.6±2.4, 43.1±3.3, and 5.1±0.9, respectively.Frequency rates of participants who had high performance, knowledge, and attitude level were, 93.4 % (370), 26 % (103), and 98.5 % (390), respectively.Conclusion: The present study indicated that the majority of mothers had a positive attitude and practice desired however knowledge score was low. Maternal education and relatives was one of the important determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Health care professionals have important roles in providing suitable fields for these interventions. Using open and extensive questions in other studies can help in finding the causes of breastfeeding cessation during infancy.
Contribution of understory evaporation in a tropical wet forest during the dry season

Abstract. Tropical wet forests are complex ecosystems with a large number of plant species. These environments are characterized by a high water availability throughout the whole year and a complex canopy structure. However, how the different sections of the canopy contribute to total evaporation is poorly understood. The aim of this work is to estimate the total evaporation flux and differentiate the contribution among canopy layers of a tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. The fluxes were monitored during the dry season by making use of the energy balance to quantify the fluxes and stable water isotopes to trace the sources of water vapor. Total evaporation was 275.5 mm and represents 55.9 % of the recorded precipitation (498.8 mm), with 11.7 % of the precipitation being intercepted and evaporated along the forest canopy. The understory beneath 8 m contributed 23.6 % of the evaporation, and almost half of it comes from the first 2 m of the understory. Stable water isotope signatures show different soil water sources depending on the plant type. Palms make use of a water source with an isotope signature similar to precipitation and throughfall. Soil water with a fractionated signature is used by trees, bushes and lianas. The isotope signature of water vapor samples overlap among different heights, but it was not possible to make use of the Keeling plot method due to the similar isotope signature of the possible sources of water vapor as well as the high water concentration even on the dryer days.
N2O production pathways

Understanding the production pathways of potent greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), is essential for accurate flux prediction and for developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies in response to climate change. Yet there remain surprising gaps in our understanding and precise quantification of the underlying production pathways – such as the relationship between soil moisture and N2O production pathways. A powerful, but arguably underutilized, approach for quantifying the relative contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N2O production involves determining N2O isotopomers and 15N site preference (SP) via spectroscopic techniques. Using one such technique, we conducted a short-term incubation where N2O production and N2O isotopomers were measured 24 h after soil moisture treatments of 40 % to 105 % water-filled pore space (WFPS) were established for each of three soils that differed in nutrient levels, organic matter, and texture. Relatively low N2O fluxes and high SP values indicted nitrification during dry soil conditions, whereas at higher soil moisture, peak N2O emissions coincided with a sharp decline in SP, indicating denitrification. This pattern supports the classic N2O production curves from nitrification and denitrification as inferred by earlier research; however, our isotopomer data enabled the quantification of source partitioning for either pathway. At soil moisture levels < 53 % WFPS, the fraction of N2O attributed to nitrification (FN) predominated but thereafter decreased rapidly with increasing soil moisture (x), according to FN = 3.19 0.041x, until a WFPS of 78 % was reached. Simultaneously, from WFPS of 53 % to 78 %, the fraction of N2O that was attributed to denitrification (FD) was modelled as FD = 2.19+0.041x; at moisture levels of > 78 %, denitrification completely dominated. Clearly, the soil moisture level during transition is a key regulator of N2O production pathways. The presented equations may be helpful for other researchers in estimating N2O source partitioning when soil moisture falls within the transition from nitrification to denitrification.
Managerial Attention Allocation in Optimal Incentive Contracts

This paper presents the introduction of managerial attention allocation constraints in optimal incentive contracts. There is an agent who provides non-contractible e¤ort in a number of tasks and a principal who designs a linear incentive contract, composed by a variable and a xed factor, and monitors the e¤ort of the agent. The framework in Holmstrom and Milgrom (1991) is extended to allow the principal to decide the amount of monitoring allocated in each task. More attention allocated to a given task improves the task contractibility due to a decrease in the uncertainty about the e¤ort provided by the agent. The principal allocates the same level of attention and provides the same incentive contract across tasks under symmetric decreasing returns to scale in production and monitoring. However, when there are increasing returns to scale in the monitoring technology, the principal o¤ers an unbalanced incentive contract and allocates asymmetric amounts of attention across tasks. Ricard Gil is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at UC-Santa Cruz, and Jordi Mondria is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Toronto. All errors are ours.
Cooking up a Course: Teaching sustainable marketing at MBA

Aim: To explore how a critical course on mainstream marketing and business theory can shift the perception of sustainability as an extrinsic goal to sustainability as an intrinsic boundary condition to business.Design/Method: An introductory course is designed in which a system approach is introduced by assessing the purported marketing purposes of the firm relative to an increasing range of manifest and latent stakeholders. Key elements of the course are received elements of MBA programs to illustrate that education for sustainability does not mean teaching new topics, but means a new way to teach old topics.Finding: It is shown that the course meets the requirements and recommendations that were derived from theory on teaching sustainability in higher education. Though the topics and theories covered are central to a mainstream MBA program, the way they are presented and questioned promotes learning critical thinking by doing.The long term effects of this approach cannot yet be tested, and require longitudinal research among participants and teachers of the consecutive coursesOriginality: The course aims at training critical reflection of established theories from a sustainability perspective. Being presented as the foundation of an MBA program sustainability is offered as a boundary condition for corporate management.
Research on Executive Background Heterogeneity and Enterprise Performance

This paper builds a multivariate regression model with A-share listed companies from 2014-2018 as a sample to empirically examine the relationship between executive background heterogeneity and firm performance. The study found that: (1) executive age heterogeneity and executive education background heterogeneity are significantly positively correlated with corporate performance; (2) executive authority background heterogeneity is significantly negatively correlated with corporate performance; (3) There is no significant correlation between executive term heterogeneity and firm performance. The above findings provide new ideas for the construction of corporate executive teams and policy recommendations for promoting enterprise innovation-driven strategies.
Rural entrepreneurship capital and firm performance: Perspective of young enterprenurs

This research specifically aims at examining the relationship between rural entrepreneurship capital and firm performance in the perspective of resource-based theory. Four types of capital (financial, social, human and cultural) are employed using a structural equation model approach as a tool to measure the relationship. The unit of analysis of this study is the rural youth entrepreneur domiciling in the province of East Java, namely in the regencies of Malang, Bojonegoro, and Tuban. By using a quantitative approach and a purposive sampling technique involving 733 youth entrepreneurs, the study finds that only three types of capital that are [significantly] able to influence firm performance: cultural capital, social capital, and human capital. The study also finds that no longer is financial capital considered a major factor that supports entrepreneurial activities.
HEAT MAPS AND SCAN PATHS: QUALITATIVE EYE-TRACKING EVIDENCE ON HOW THE QUR’AN IS MEMORIZED THROUGH READING

The process of memorizing the Qur’an typically takes place through reading its printed version (mus’haf). The Qur’an is read word by word so that the process of recalling the memorized verses or chapters is done accurately and fluently. Memorizing the Qur’an may be a great challenge to non-Arabic speakers because of their lack of knowledge in the Arabic vocabulary and grammar; yet more and more non-Arabic speakers continue to memorize the Qur’an for various reasons. In order to scientifically investigate how non-Arabic speakers memorize the Qur’an, a reading experiment was conducted to achieve this aim. Sixty-four (21 Male, 43 Female) native speakers of Malay who have memorized a portion of the Qur’an (10 juzu’ and below) participated in this experiment. Using the Tobii TX300 eye-tracking machine, participants’ eye movements, as they read to memorize four verses of the Qur’an (two with and two without Malay translations), were tracked, and their gaze plots were analysed qualitatively (via heat maps and scan paths). Results show evidence that Malay non-Arabic speakers’ act of reading the Qur’an to memorize it went beyond what is usually known as “cramming”; instead, the process involved finding the meaning of unknown words, so that the process of recalling the memorized verses can be done accurately and fluently. Keywords: Cognitive processes, eye movements, memorization, psycholinguistics, Qur’an Cited as: Salehuddin, K. , Shahimin, M. M. , Sulaiman, M. Z. , & Md Zolkapli, R. B. (2019). Heat maps and scan paths: Qualitative eye tracking evidence on how the Qur’an is memorized through reading. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(2), 318-334. http://dx.doi. org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp318-334
Relative dispersion and turbulence in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean from drifters data

Lagrangian data can provide relevant information on the advection and diffusion properties of geophysical flows at different scales of motion. In this study, the dispersion properties of an ensemble of trajectories transported by a surface ocean flow are analyzed. The data come from a set of Lagrangian drifters released in the South Brazilian Bight, during several oceanographic campaigns. Adopting a dynamical systems approach, the attention is primarily focused on scale-dependent indicators, like the finite-scale Lyapunov exponent. The relevance of mechanisms like two-dimensional turbulence for the dispersion process is addressed. Some deviations from the classical turbulent dispersion scenario in two-dimensions are found, likely to be ascribed to the nonstationary and nonhomogeneous characteristics of the flow. Relatively small-scale features (of order 1-10 km) are also considered to play a role in determining the properties of relative dispersion as well as the shape of the kinetic energy spectrum.
Antidiabetic property and antioxidant potentials of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves on blood glucose levels, antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg body weight of STZ. Fasting blood sugar levels of the experimental rats were measured at two days interval during the 28 days of treatment. The antioxidant enzymes were assayed using standard methods. Lipid peroxidation was determined by the thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) assay method. Results: Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of saponin, flavonoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and tannins. The result of the antidiabetic studies showed a significant (p< 0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose level of all the extract treated groups compared with diabetic untreated rats. The reduction in fasting blood glucose levels of the extract treated groups was consistently observable from day 6 to day 28 of the treatment. The serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities of rats treated with the extract showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) compared with the diabetic untreated control. There was a significant (p< 0.05) reduction in malondialdehyde level of all the extract treated groups compared with diabetic untreated group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the aqueous extract of A. indica at varied doses has the potential to lower fasting blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which can be as a result of the presence of certain phytochemicals responsible for the increase in the antioxidant enzyme activity of the experimental animals.
The effects of income fluctuations on rural health and nutrition

Our working paper, âThe Effects of Income Fluctuations on Rural Health and Nutrition,â provides causal evidence on how the income fluctuations poor households confront across the globe influence health and nutrition outcomes across the life cycle. We use individual-level data from a 13-year, nationally-representative rotating panel survey of Kyrgyzstan to estimate the effects of fluctuations in the incomes of agriculture-dependent households on the heights and weights of young children (age 0â5) and on the incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adults. Our focus on departures of income from trend is distinct from analysis of the effects of long-term changes in income. It offers insight into how health responds to income fluctuations that are ubiquitous in developing countries rather than the impacts of global shifts in a countryâs prosperity. We address the endogeneity of income to health and consumption using an instrumental variables approach; we instrument for income with predicted income, obtained using the householdâs initial period share of income from six different revenue sources, agricultural production costs from two different sources (crop and livestock), and aggregate growth rates of each of these eight revenues and costs over time. We find that young children (age 0-5) exposed to reductions in income experienced reductions in height. At the same time, older children and adults saw decreases in BMI andâfor adultsâdecreases in the incidence of overweight.
Topological Hyper-Graphs

Let P be a set of n points in the plane. A topological hyper-graph G on the set of points of P is a collection of simple closed curves in the plane that avoid the points of P . Each of these curves is called an edge of G, and the points of P are called the vertices of G. We provide bounds on the number of edges of topological hyper-graphs in terms of the number of their vertices under various restrictions assuming the set of edges is a family of pseudo-circles.
Correlation Between Asset Impairment and Profitability of Serbian Listed Companies

The purpose of this paper is to analyse profitability indicators of business entities listed on Belgrade Stock Exchange and correlation with disclosed amount of asset impairment. Namely, entities that have negative financial result or lower financial performance might be motivated to use some of the methods of earnings management. Impairment of a company’s assets is sometimes used to manipulate the amount of disclosed result, especially when the observed entity outperforms or under-performs considerably. The research sample includes 400 public companies and their financial statements for 2017 reporting period. The results of this research might be useful for potential investors, as well as other stakeholders, such as financial institutions and tax administration.
How and why do nectar-foraging bumblebees initiate movements between inflorescences of wild bergamot

S u m m a r y . By experimental manipulation of the nectar in flowers, I characterized the decision-making process used by nectar-gathering bumblebees for initiating movements between inflorescences of wild bergamot. The decision-making process has these characteristics: departure from an inflorescence is less likely as nectar rewards increase; departure decisions are based on the amount of nectar in the last flower probed and are not influenced by the nectar rewards in either the previously probed flower or the previously visited inflorescence; the number of flowers already probed at an inflorescence influences departure decisions weakly; a bees' response (to stay or to depart) to a given size of nectar reward is variable. Since previously proposed foraging rules do not accord with this description, I propose a new rule. I show by experiment that the movements made by bumblebees enhance foraging success.
Differentiation of Brain Abscesses from Necrotic Highgrade Gliomas Using Advanced MR Imaging Techniques: A Mini Review

The accurate discrimination between brain abscesses and cystic high-grade gliomas (HGGs) is of great importance for planning adequate treatment and for estimating outcome and future prognosis. MR imaging plays an essential role in the discrimination of these two entities. However, differential diagnosis often becomes difficult as conventional neuroimaging features of brain abscess are nonspecific and may simulate those of cystic rim-enhancing mass lesions of varying etiologies including HGGs. It is well documented that cellular and vascular microenvironment of cystic cavity and enhancing rim of abscess is considerably different from that of necrotic HGG. By exploiting these unique characteristics, several studies have shown the potential of physiologic MR imaging techniques in facilitating better characterization of both of these intracranial cystic lesions. The purpose of this mini review is to summarize the basic principles and clinical role of commonly used advanced MR imaging techniques such as diffusion, perfusion MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in differentiation of brain abscesses from necrotic HGGs. Briefly, we will also discuss the potential role of emerging imaging techniques such as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) in characterizing brain abscesses. We will also describe the existing challenges and limitations of using these techniques in routine clinical settings and will finally discuss possible solutions to avoiding pitfalls in data acquisition, and analysis for future studies.