Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of genetic polymorphism maintained by fluctuating selection with overlapping generations.

We study the form of polymorphisms that can be maintained by the joint effects of generation overlap and randomly fluctuating selection, acting on a quantitative trait affecting offspring viability. The genetic system can be single locus or multilocus, haploid or diploid. Selection is assumed to be stabilizing with a randomly fluctuating optimum, and we assume additive allelic effects without epistasis. For fluctuations above a certain threshold, nonzero genetic variance is maintained in an evolutionarily stable population. Our model allows a continuum of alleles with arbitrary effects at each locus. Nonetheless, the genotype distribution in an evolutionarily stable population is discrete--a polymorphism of a few alleles with distinctly different effects--and often involves only a pair of alleles at each locus. The form of the genotype distribution depends on the number of loci affecting the trait, and on the kurtosis of the distribution of the phenotypic optimum theta. If the trait is affected by several loci, the number of polymorphic loci increases with increased variance of fluctuations in selection. For distributions of theta with negative kurtosis (i.e., lower kurtosis than a Gaussian) the number of polymorphic loci increases gradually (0-->1-->2--> .M), and the genetic variability is in the form of a few diallelic or triallelic loci with alleles of large effect. For distributions with positive kurtosis, the increase is abrupt (0 -> many) and involves many diallelic loci. These results do not fit the conventional multivariate Gaussian or near-Gaussian models for quantitative traits, but may partially explain recent findings that heritable variation in natural populations is often due to genes of large effect.
Nurses' Self-Concept and Perceived Quality of Care: A Narrative Analysis

The perceptions of staff nurses on factors affecting patient care quality and safety have received little attention in the literature. Narrative analysis of comments provided by 106 staff nurses working in a medical-surgical setting revealed that nurses experienced contradictions and unmet expectations related to their professional role. The consequence was feelings of powerlessness, isolation, and low self-esteem, which affected nurses' perceived ability to provide quality patient care and ensure patient safety. This perceived inability to act in a professionally autonomous manner on behalf of patients, in turn, influenced nurses' professional self-concept. Recommendations are offered to enhance nurses' professional self-concept through staff development and policy changes.
Diagnosis and management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease

A joint working group established by the Haemato‐oncology subgroup of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and the British Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation (BSBMT) has reviewed the available literature and made recommendations for the diagnosis and management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease. This guideline includes recommendations for the diagnosis and grading of acute graft‐versus‐host disease as well as primary treatment and options for patients with steroid‐refractory disease. The goal of treatment should be effective control of graft‐versus‐host disease while minimizing risk of toxicity and relapse.
Dopamine receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex influence ethanol and sucrose-reinforced responding.

This study tested the role of dopamine receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the onset, maintenance, and termination of ethanol and sucrose-reinforced responding. Two groups of Long Evans rats were trained to lever press on a fixed-ratio 4 schedule of reinforcement with 10% ethanol (n = 10) or 5% sucrose (n = 5) presented as the reinforcer. After implantation of injector guide cannulae, the D2/3 agonist quinpirole and the D2 antagonist raclopride were administered bilaterally into the mPFC before behavioral sessions. During control conditions, sucrose reinforcement maintained a 2-fold greater number of responses per session than did ethanol reinforcement. Quinpirole (10.0 micrograms/microliter) reduced total ethanol-reinforced responses by delaying response onset and decreasing the duration of responding, but had no effect on response maintenance (i.e., response rate). A higher dose of quinpirole (20.0 micrograms/microliter) decreased total sucrose responses by simultaneously decreasing duration and response rate, without altering response latency. Thus, the effects of quinpirole on ethanol and sucrose-reinforced responding were similar on response total and duration, but differential on response latency and rate. Raclopride (0.05 and 1.0 microgram/microliter) decreased total ethanol responding and rate, but doses as much as 400-fold greater (20.0 micrograms/microliter) did not alter sucrose response totals. Raclopride alone had no effect on response latency or duration measures in either reinforcement condition. Coadministration of raclopride blocked the quinpirole-induced increase in response latency (ethanol reinforcement) and decrease in response rate (sucrose reinforcement), but had no effect on other response measures. These data are consistent with the interpretation that D2 and D3 receptors in the mPFC are differentially involved in ethanol and sucrose response onset and maintenance, but similarly involved in response termination. However, differences in baseline response parameters and group size may have contributed to the observed effects.
Freud‐2/CC2D1B mediates dual repression of the serotonin‐1A receptor gene

The serotonin‐1A (5‐HT1A) receptor functions as a pre‐synaptic autoreceptor in serotonin neurons that regulates their activity, and is also widely expressed on non‐serotonergic neurons as a post‐synaptic heteroreceptor to mediate serotonin action. The 5‐HT1A receptor gene is strongly repressed by a dual repressor element (DRE), which is recognized by two proteins: Freud‐1/CC2D1A and another unknown protein. Here we identify mouse Freud‐2/CC2D1B as the second repressor of the 5‐HT1A–DRE. Freud‐2 shares 50% amino acid identity with Freud‐1, and contains conserved structural domains. Mouse Freud‐2 bound specifically to the rat 5‐HT1A–DRE adjacent to, and partially overlapping, the Freud‐1 binding site. By supershift assay using nuclear extracts from L6 myoblasts, Freud‐2–DRE complexes were distinguished from Freud‐1–DRE complexes. Freud‐2 mRNA and protein were detected throughout mouse brain and peripheral tissues. Freud‐2 repressed 5‐HT1A promoter–reporter constructs in a DRE‐dependent manner in non‐neuronal (L6) or 5‐HT1A‐expressing neuronal (NG108‐15, RN46A) cell models. In NG108‐15 cells, knockdown of Freud‐2 using a specific short‐interfering RNA reduced endogenous Freud‐2 protein levels and decreased Freud‐2 bound to the 5‐HT1A–DRE as detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, but increased 5‐HT1A promoter activity and 5‐HT1A protein levels. Taken together, these data show that Freud‐2 is the second component that, with Freud‐1, mediates dual repression of the 5‐HT1A receptor gene at the DRE.
``Not Everyone Who Needs One Is Going to Get One'': The Influence of Medical Brokering on Patient Candidacy for Total Joint Arthroplasty

Background. Many patients in Ontario, despite being appropriate candidates for total joint arthroplasty (TJA), are not offered surgery. To understand this discrepancy, the authors sought to explore the process by which physicians determine patient candidacy for TJA. Methods. Six focus groups (2 each of orthopedic surgeons, of rheumatologists, and of family physicians) and subsequent in-depth interviews were conducted with 50 practicing clinicians in Ontario. Results. Health care system constraints, including extensive waiting lists, lack of homecare and postoperative support, and, for surgeons, access to operating rooms and resources, are perceived by physicians to routinely influence the ultimate choice of candidates for TJA. Medical brokering, defined as strategies used by physicians in a constrained health system to prioritize patients and to negotiate relationships with other physicians, was an important factor in determining candidacy for TJA. Because individual physicians and surgeons appear to use their own criteria for making these decisions, and because these criteria are modified from time to time in response to specific institutional and system conditions, brokering results in varied decisions about candidacy regardless of patient suitability. Conclusions. Lack of consensus on the necessary patient characteristics for TJA candidacy does not in and of itself account for the discrepancy between the number of patients who are suitable candidates for TJA and those who receive the procedure. Until the process by which health care system constraints affect and complicate the decision-making process around TJA candidacy is more fully explored, patients may not receive appropriate and timely access to this procedure.
Localized Confident Information Coverage Hole Detection in Internet of Things for Radioactive Pollution Monitoring

As a novel cyber-physical-social network paradigm, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a powerful tool to monitor the hazardous fields of interest. Due to the uneven random deployment, sensor energy depletion, and external attacks, the emergence of coverage holes would remarkably degrade the network performance and quality of service. For overcoming the drawbacks resulting from the coverage holes, this paper focuses on how to locally detect coverage holes by exploiting one-hop neighboring sensors’ cooperation based on the novel confident information coverage model (CIC), which is formulated as the localized confident information coverage hole detection (LCICHD) problem. For handling the CICHD problem, we devise a family of heuristic CIC holes detection schemes including the LCHD, LCHDRL, random and randomRL. Both the LCHD and LCHDRL schemes locally determine coverage status of each subregion and take the sensor communication ability into consideration. While the LCHDRL considers not only the sensor remaining energy but also the residual lifetime during the CIC hole detection. After acquiring the coverage status of each partitioned local subregion, the coverage hole boundary will be extracted by image processing techniques. For comparison, both the Random and RandomRL schemes arbitrarily select sensors within the sensing field to detect CIC holes, and the RandomRL scheme takes the sensors’ residual lifetime into consideration during the hole detection process. Experimental simulations show that the proposed schemes can efficiently detect the emerged coverage holes including the locations and the number, and the LCHDRL algorithm is more practical and efficient compared with the other three peer solutions.
Treatment for Adult HIV Infection 2006 Recommendations of the International AIDS Society–USA Panel

THE YEAR 2006 MARKS THE 25TH anniversary of the initial clinical descriptions of what would be later termed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS has grown to pandemic proportions resulting in 25 million deaths and 40 million persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide by the end of 2005. This year is also the 10th anniversary of what has been commonly termed the HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) era, a decade that began with the introduction of potent 3-drug combination regimens and resulted in substantial reductions in HIVrelated morbidity and mortality. Clinical advances have been supported by increased understanding of virologic and immunologic markers of disease stage, viral transmission, and the evolution of viral resistance to antiretroviral drugs. These advances coincided with major breakthroughs in the understanding of disease pathogenesis, the introduction of viral load monitoring, and the clinical application of drug resistance testing. Debate continues over the optimal time for initia-
Información y test de conocimiento culpable en la detección del engaño

El objetivo principal de este experimento fue estudiar el efecto que produce en una persona inocente tener informacion relevante acerca de un crimen en la deteccion del engano. Los participantes fueron asignados a uno de los siguientes grupos: culpables, inocentes con informacion, e inocentes sin informacion. El grupo de culpables llevo a cabo una simulacion de un delito por ordenador. El grupo de inocentes con informacion leyo un articulo de periodico en el que se relataba un crimen similar al de la simulacion. Por ultimo, el tercer grupo no tuvo informacion alguna. Se registro la Actividad Electrodermal y la Tasa Cardiaca de los participantes mientras eran interrogados utilizando el Test de Conocimiento Culpable (Lykken, 1960). Se analizaron tres componentes de la Actividad Electrodermal: numero de respuestas, amplitud y nivel tonico, para ver cual de ellos era el que mejor nos permitia clasificar a los participantes como culpables o inocentes. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el MANOVA indican la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los grupos de inocentes sin informacion y culpables en el nivel tonico, en el numero de respuestas y en la amplitud de respuestas. Tambien se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos de inocentes con informacion e inocentes sin informacion en lo que respecta a este ultimo parametro. Respecto a la Tasa Cardiaca, no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Por ultimo, se propone un nuevo metodo de delito fingido, mas sencillo y estandarizado, en el que el participante se ve implicado emocionalmente al serle requerido tomar una serie de decisiones referentes a su "delito".
Surgical Strategies for Treatment of Giant or Large Intracranial Aneurysms: Our Experience with 139 Cases

Giant or large intracranial aneurysms are the vascular neurosurgeon's greatest challenge. At our department, we have treated one hundred and thirty nine patients with giant or large intracranial aneurysms between 1975 and 2001. These included 37 partially thrombosed giant aneurysms. 75 aneurysms were giant (> 2.5 cm) and 64 were large aneurysms (2-2.5 cm). Three-dimensional computed tomography angiograms were performed in patients besides MRI angiography and digital subtraction angiography. These were found to be very valuable in the preoperative assessment of surgical anatomy of the aneurysm with respect to the branch arteries and perforators origin besides knowing the relations to the skull base. With our experience in surgical treatment of these 139 cases, we find that the basic technique is trapping and evacuation and not just clipping of the aneurysm neck but also reconstruction of the artery bearing the aneurysm, especially with wide-necked aneurysms. Use of multiple clipping, tandem clipping or dome clipping as per the intraoperative situation, is very helpful in dealing with giant aneurysms as also is the use of different types of clips like fenestrated clip with straight clip (combination clipping), booster clip, dome clips etc. While selecting surgical strategy for partially thrombosed giant aneurysm, securing the neck is most important. If the neck is too narrow to reconstruct, aneurysmectomy with anastomosis is one of the surgical strategies. An extracranial intracranial bypass should be considered in cases where clipping or parent artery ligation is expected to be associated with compromise of cerebral circulation.
Multi-voltage SOI-BiCDMOS for 14V&42V automotive applications

This paper presents a new multi-voltage SOI-BiCDMOS, which particularly focuses on "power MOSFET and BJT rich automotive applications". This technology can integrate Nch LDMOS and Pch LDMOS which have 35 V/60 V/80 V breakdown voltages, high packing density deep trench isolated BJTs, and a low cost 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS, on a single chip. The six types of LDMOS can be simultaneously fabricated with only two additional masks to a CMOS process, and these LDMOSs satisfy both low specific on-resistance and good SOA. Furthermore, in this technology, a bonded SOI wafer with 200 mm diameter has been newly adopted in order to reduce chip cost.
Influence of joint models on lower-limb musculo-tendon forces and three-dimensional joint reaction forces during gait

Several three-dimensional (3D) lower-limb musculo-skeletal models have been developed for gait analysis and different hip, knee and ankle joint models have been considered in the literature. Conversely to the influence of the musculo-tendon geometry, the influence of the joint models - i.e. number of degrees of freedom and passive joint moments - on the estimated musculo-tendon forces and 3D joint reaction forces has not been extensively examined. In this paper musculo-tendon forces and 3D joint reaction forces have been estimated for one subject and one gait cycle with nine variations of a musculoskeletal model and outputs have been compared to measured electromyographic signals and knee joint contact forces. The model outputs are generally in line with the measured signals. However, the 3D joint reaction forces were higher than published values and the contact forces measured for the subject. The results of this study show that, with more degrees of freedom in the model, the musculo-tendon forces and the 3D joint reaction forces tend to increase but with some redistribution between the muscles. In addition, when taking into account passive joint moments, the 3D joint reaction forces tend to decrease during the stance phase and increase during the swing phase. Although further investigations are needed, a five-degree-of-freedom lower-limb musculo-skeletal model with some angle-dependent joint coupling and stiffness seems to provide satisfactory musculo-tendon forces and 3D joint reaction forces.
Designing for Human-Centered Curricular Experience - A Study on Engaging Academic Career Management System Interface Design

This paper is a study on engaging Academic Career Management Interface design. We approach the Academic Systems from a User Experience (UX) perspective. We identified three interrelated users: the Student, the Faculty and the Employer. For the Student UX, the system is an academic career experience, with decision-making and resource management in the design problem space. We developed a solution space of managing the academic career with elements of simulation games focused on decision-making process and continuous development with a series of turning points. Management game interfaces improve decision making by organizing Information Seeking (overview, filter & zoom, details on-demand) in a meaningful experience metaphor. To make it interesting and meaningful, we use experiential learning game elements such as cover story and clear goals. The metaphor interface suggested for the academic career game was the garden of knowledge to influence a systemic view of knowledge in a familiar and universal structure. We concluded that a redesign of academic systems coherent with Educational goals by using a Serious Game UX for the Student would help overcome the Information Seeking barriers and increase awareness and engagement on the academic career decision-making processes.
Localization of Partial Discharge source in High Voltage apparatus using multiple UHF sensors

Measurement of Partial Discharge (PD) in High Voltage (HV) power apparatus has become an emerging issue. It helps to provide prior warning before sudden failure of the apparatus. The measurement of PD in HV power apparatus and in any electrical systems helps to reduce the down time including saving of money. For large and complex apparatus apart from PD measurement, it is also mandatory to find out the actual PD location which finally helps to identify the particular point of disorder. As a result of which corrective action can be taken with higher accuracy at lower cost. In this paper multiple UHF sensors has been used to identify and localize the PD source. Calculation has been made with the help of Time Difference of Arrival (TDO) method for on-line PD measurement and localization of the source in the apparatus at the laboratory environment. Experimental results prove the authenticity of the proposed method.
Stored erythrocytes have less capacity than normal erythrocytes to support primary haemostasis

Summary Primary haemostasis is mediated by platelet aggregation. Red blood cells (RBCs) are involved in this process. We hypothesised that stored RBCs could have less capacity to support primary haemostasis. This was tested with RBC units from 17 healthy volunteers stored for 45 days. Fresh citrated blood was taken again from the same donors and platelet-rich plasma was prepared, in which RBCs were resuspended with a constant haematocrit (40%), but changing fractions of stored versus fresh auto-logous RBCs (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, respectively). A platelet function analyser PFA-100® was used. In this instrument blood is aspirated through a membrane pore coated with collagen and either epinephrine (EPI) or ADP, which causes platelets to adhere, aggregate, and form an occluding plug, which stops blood flow and is measured as closure time (CT). We found that the CT increased with increasing fractions of stored blood. CT-EPI was 121 ± 17 seconds [s], 129 ± 32 s, 164 ± 45 s (p< 0.000, ANOVA), 214 ± 54 s (p< 0.0001), and 273 ± 36 s (p< 0.0001) for 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% stored RBCs. For CT-ADP the values were 91 ± 22 s, 95 ± 12 s, 101 ± 13 s, 124 ± 44 s (p= 0.004), and 191 ± 72 s (p< 0.0001), respectively. We conclude that stored RBCs have less capacity than normal RBCs to support primary haemostasis by platelet aggregation in vitro, suggesting a decreased capacity of stored RBCs to bring platelets into close contact with the wall, which may contribute to sustained bleeding seen after mass transfusion.
Novel Technique for the Handwritten Digit Image Features Extraction for Recognition

Thispaper proposes a novel approach for handwritten digit recognition system. The present paper extracts digit image features based on distance measure and derives an algorithm to classify the digit images. The distance measure can be performed on the thinned image. Thinning is the one of the preprocessing technique in image processing.The present paper mainly concentrated on an extraction of features from digit image for effective recognition of the numeral. The main objective of the paper is exact features are extracted for good classification results. To find the effectiveness of the proposed method, tested on MNIST database, CENPARMI, CEDAR, and newly collected data. The proposed method is implemented on more than one lakh digit images and got good comparative recognition results.The percentage of the recognition is achieved about