Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palweed:Wheat: A Bioeconomic Decision Model for Postemergence Weed Management in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Based on six years of data from a field experiment near Pullman, WA, a bioeconomic decision model was developed to annually estimate the optimal post-emergence herbicide types and rates to control multiple weed species in winter wheat under various tillage systems and crop rotations. The model name, PALWEED:WHEAT, signifies a Washington-Idaho Palouse region weed management model for winter wheat The model consists of linear preharvest weed density functions, a nonlinear yield response function, and a profit function. Preharvest weed density functions were estimated for four weed groups: summer annual grasses, winter annual grasses, summer annual broadleaves, and winter annual broadleaves. A single aggregated weed competition index was developed from the four density functions for use functions for use in the yield model. A yield model containing a logistic damage function performed better than a model containing a rectangular hyperbolic damage function. Herbicides were grouped into three categories: preplant nonselective, postemergence broadleaf, and postemergence grass. PALWEED:WHEAT was applied to average conditions of the 6-yr experiment to predict herbicide treatments that maximized profit. In comparison to average treatment rates in the 6-yr experiment, the bioeconomic decision model recommended less postemergence herbicide. The weed management recommendations of PALWEED:WHEAT behaved as expected by agronomic and economic theory in response to changes in assumed weed populations, herbicide costs, crop prices, and possible restrictions on herbicide application rates.
Design and Development of Class 2B-lpl Compliant Constant-Force Compression Slider Mechanism

This research work focuses on the design and development of Class 2B-lpl compliant constant-force compression slider mechanism. It also expresses the desire to simplify the behavioral model for easy usage. Results obtained indicated an average non-dimesionalized parameter value of 1.2573, 1.2991, 1.3483, and 1.4081 for a 10, 20, 30, and 40% displacement respectively. The result also shows that the average force generated by the mechanism for a 10, 20, 30, and 40% displacement were 901.23N, 316.56N, 171.17N, and 110.44N respectively using the maximum flexible segments parameter values for the different percentages of mechanism slider displacement. This indicates clearly that using the non-dimensionalized parameter, the average force generated by this class of mechanism can easily be determined which greatly simplifies its usage.
Inteligencia Artiicial Distribuida Y Sistemas Multiagente

La Inteligencia Arti cial, campo de la inform atica, no ha sido impasible a este avance y a nales de los a~ nos setenta aparecen los primeros trabajos en Inteligencia Arti cial Distribuida (aunque la primera reuni on tem atica fue en 1980). Su objeto es el estudio de modelos y t ecnicas para resoluci on de problemas en los que la distribuci on, sea f sica o funcional, sea inherente. La met afora de la `inteligencia' utilizada est a fundada en diferentes met aforas de las ciencias exactas y sociales, como la biolog a, la f sica y la sociolog a. Los individuales hetrerogeneos e independientes del sistema son `inteligentes' si alcanzan un cierto grado de adaptaci on mutua. Los sistemas tradicionales de la Inteligencia Arti cial se conciben individualmente como un agente monol tico cuyo comportamiento ser a descrito como `racional' por un observador externo. A principios de los a~ nos ochenta los sistemas para resoluci on distribuida de problemas se caracterizaban por una forma de actuaci on concurrente en los diferentes nodos de una red, en general con control centralizado, de forma que los diferentes componentes son impasibles ante las actuaciones del resto de los componentes de la red. En este caso el objeto de estudio es la coordinaci on para resoluci on distribuida de problemas. Ejemplo paradigm atico de esta epoca es la arquitectura de pizarra del sistema Hearsay [Erman et al. 80].
A Low-Cost Airborne Platform for Ecological Monitoring

This work documents the development of an aerial environmental monitoring platform based on a paramotor, dubbed robofoil. Significant advantages are achieved in safety, durability, ease of use and flexibility by employing an inflated wing. The aircraft is easy to fly, has near vertical ascent into wind and an intrinsic fail-safe. The ability to control the wing angle of attack and interchange wings according to weather or mission requirements makes this platform truly flexible. With an onboard autopilot and manual override, the vehicle is intuitive to fly and has a short learning curve for the user. With flight speeds ranging from 0 to 40 knots, the vehicle is well-suited to targeted surveillance as well as being resilient to gusty conditions. With a high payload capability, the platform can carry fuel for flights in excess of an hour in the current version. We have established that it is possible to use genetic programming, a machine learning technique, to evolve application-specific systems purely through training. Our eventual aim is for the design, construction details and software used for robofoil to be made fully open.
Frame-dependent Utility Theory

A large literature on non-expected utility models has developed preference functionals which are non-linear in probabilities to explain attitudes toward risk. In this paper, we introduce a frame-dependent utility model which resolves many of the paradoxes that motivated non-expected utility models while retaining expected utility analysis for any given decision. In particular, we embed the von Neumann-Morgenstern model of risk preference in a model which also accounts for the decision maker's risk perception. A correspondence between risk perception and risk preference then provides a unified explanation for the classical anomalies.
Professor Jotun Hein " Comparative Virus Annotation "

Comparative Genomics has exploded in recent years and put the techniques of molecular evolution at centre stages in harvesting structural information from sequence data. Originally, sequences/genomes were obtained from a single species at a time, but as more genomes have been determined, it has become apparent that the true benefit of this enterprise lies in comparison between genomes both within and between species. However this is only possible when the evolutionary processes that gave rise to the genomes are adequately modelled. Whilst this evolutionary component continues to rise and will become ever more important within mammals and to some degree vertebrates, comparative genomics will spread to all kingdoms of life as genomes become available to compare. Comparative Genomics is key contributor to annotation especially relating to gene structure, RNA structure, regulatory sequences and eventually also more.
Cloud Service Community Detection for Real-World Service Networks Based on Parallel Graph Computing

Heterogeneous information networks (e.g. cloud service relation networks and social networks), where multiple-typed objects are interconnected, can be structured by big graphs. A major challenge for clustering in such big graphs is the complex structures that can generate different results, carrying many diverse semantic meanings. In order to generate desired clustering, we propose a parallel clustering method for the heterogeneous information net-works on an efficient graph computation system (Spark). We use a multi-relation and path-based method to create similarity matrices, and implement our method based on graph computation model. It is inefficient to directly use existing data-parallel tools (e.g. Hadoop) for graph computation tasks, and some graph-parallel tools (e.g. Pregel) do not effectively address the challenges of graph construction and transformation. Therefore, we implemented our parallel method on the Spark system. The experiment results of clustering show our method is more accuracy.
KRONIČNI VRIJED – NOVE SPOZNAJE O ETIOPATOGENEZI I SUVREMENI TERAPIJSKI POSTUPAK

Potkoljenični vrijed je najčešći oblik ulceracija na donjim ekstremitetima. Prevalencija potkoljeničnog vrijeda varira od 0,1 % do 0,6 % ukupne populacije – ovisno o zemlji i studiji. U većini studija se ipak navodi da 1 % populacije tijekom života barem jednom oboli od venskog vrijeda. Posljednje desetljeće došlo je do novih spoznaja o upalnoj fazi u kroničnom vrijedu, o značenju metaloproteinaza, faktora rasta, nepravilnoj mišićnoj funkciji, vaskularnoj insufi cijenciji i prisutnost biofi lma u vrijedu koji priječi fazu zacjeljivanja. Postoji nekoliko hipoteza kojima se nastoje objasniti patofi ziološki koraci koji vode od venske hipertenzije u potkoljenični vrijed. Poznavanje patofi ziologije vrijeda i postavljanje točne dijagnoze temelj su suvremenog zbrinjavanja venskog vrijeda. Moderne suportivne obloge danas poboljšavaju kvalitetu života bolesnika, no potrebna je njihova ciljana primjena prema postupniku i indikacijama. Najučinkovitija je danas u odstranjenju biofi lma u vrijedu primjena hidrofi ber obloga sa srebrom i dezifi cijensom, jer utječu na odstranjenje i sprječavanje novonastalog biofi lma u vrijedu.
It Doesn't Hurt to Try: The Impact of a Search for Structure in Artificial Grammar Learning

Some research suggests children are less susceptible to the influence of top-down cognitive processes than adults, and rather, children learn through unbiased sensitivity to information in the environment. One potential means of testing this theory is by manipulating the cognitive processes used in an artificial grammar learning task. Some evidence indicates that adults’ success in this task can be reduced by engaging in a deliberate search for the rules underlying stimuli organization. If children are truly less biased learners, it should be the case that they would be less susceptible to the negative effects of a search for structure. In two experiments, we tested how a search for structure affects adult learning of an artificial grammar, and contrary to prediction, the results suggest that searching for structure is beneficial for adults. Therefore, the use of an artificial grammar learning paradigm in exploring developmental questions may be unwarranted, without additional work.
Antibiotic-modified Microbiome Might Be Responsible for Non-contagious World-wide Epidemics

The rapid, pandemic-like, spread of certain noncontagious diseases (NCDs), like (childhood) obesity, type2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in children, autism, Alzheimer diseases, etc. prompted the researches to try to find appropriate explanation for this phenomenon. The well-known association between antibiotic enriched fodder and the weight gain of food animals, through the modification of the gut flora, clearly raises the possibility of similar relationship in human beings as well, which was described in several publications. The role of obesity in the development of diabetes is a well-known also. The antibiotic consumption pattern in the World clearly demonstrated the extensive utilization of the broad spectrum antibiotics, starting about three decades ago, and the appearance of still active degradation products in the environment, which might reenter into humans and animals again, and as the result of the alteration of human microbiome, could induce the pandemic-like NCDs. The yet to be explained rapid increase of prevalence of autism and Alzheimer diseases observed in the past three decades is alarming. According to a CDC survey, the prevalence of autism in the surveyed population was estimated as 16.8 per 1,000 (one in 59) children aged 8 years, which is considered as a 150% increase from the year 2000. The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in Europe was estimated at 5.05% (95% CI, 4.73-5.39). Microbiome alterations were observed in both cases and obesity is present in the 30% of autism as well. Putting together the mosaics from relevant publications, it might be concluded that we face the long term side effects of antibiotic consumption/pollution manifesting, through the alteration of microbioms as the pandemic appearance of certain NCDs. The restoration of the “normal” gut flora by fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) might be an option to influence those conditions.
Investigation of eucalypt and pine wood acid-soluble lignin by Py-GC-MS

Abstract The Klason method is adequate for quantifying lignin in softwood (SWD) but is less so for hardwood (HWD). The latter contains a fraction of acid-soluble lignin (ASL) that is not measurable under the conditions prevailing in the Klason method and that must be quantified by other means. This study aimed at investigating the composition of ASL obtained from eucalypt and pine woods by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). About 2.7% and 0.9% ASL by dry wood weight were measured in the acid filtrate of eucalypt and pine, respectively, by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) UM 250 method. The acid filtrate was lyophilized and processed by Py-GC-MS, allowing identification of 26 primary pyrolysis products, with 2% and 52% relative molar abundance coming from lignin and carbohydrates, respectively, for eucalypt and 24 primary pyrolysis products, with 1% and 54% relative molar abundance from lignin and carbohydrates, respectively, for pine. The main products derived from lignin were phenol, 4-methylphenol, guaiacol, 4-methylcatechol, syringol, acetosyringone and vanillin. It was concluded that measurements of ASL remain a requirement for accurate eucalypt and pine wood lignin quantification because lignin derivatives remain in the acid filtrate from the Klason lignin quantification method. Corrections for carbohydrate-derived compounds are not necessary, despite their predominance in the filtrate, because these derivatives do not interfere with ultraviolet (UV) absorption.
Adipose tissue as a mediator of inflammation and oxidative cellular damage in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Case Management Services to Meet the Complex Needs of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the Community—The Successes and Challenges of a Unique Program from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society

In spite of the therapies currently available to treat people with multiple sclerosis (MS), some individuals continue to experience physical, cognitive, and/or emotional changes over the course of the disease that severely compromise function, independence, safety, and quality of life. In addition, co-morbidities are common in people with MS, further impacting health and well-being, as well as the ability to manage their healthcare needs and cope with everyday life. The National MS Society’s Edward M Dowd Personal Advocate Program (which is one component of the National MS Society’s MS Navigator® Service) is designed to pick up where traditional neurologic care and Society MS Navigators cannot go—into patients’ home environments. This centrally administered program contracts with local professional case managers (most often nurses and social workers) to help stabilize individuals with multiple urgent care needs (for example, in cases of abuse or neglect, or inadequate food, housing or medical care, among others) while identifying and implementing longer-term, sustainable solutions leading to greater independence and quality of life. This article outlines the rationale and goals of the Society’s case management services, considers successful and unsuccessful outcomes that have occurred since the program’s inception, examines the factors that contribute to success or failure for any given patient, and describes future goals.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Cancer Patients in Meru County, Kenya

Cancer is among the leading causes of death globally.Despite advancing technology in conventional methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment, access to services remains a big challenge especially in the developing countries.Out of desperation, patients may be tempted to use Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) to improve their health outcomes.However, there is minimal data in Kenya and specifically Meru County on use of CAM among cancer patients.The study aimed to assess the level of use, sources and perceived effects of CAM among cancer patients in Meru County.A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted in this study.Data was obtained from 117 participants through a researcher administered questionnaire.Data was cleaned, coded and keyed manually into the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 23.Data was then summarized using means,percentages, frequency tables and measures of dispersion.The results showed that almost half of the respondents (47.9%) were using CAM mainly to cure cancer (78.6%). here was no association between use of CAM and the socio-demographic factors (p>0.05). The common CAM methods used included; spiritual therapy (37.5%), vitamins and supplements (26.5%) and local/traditional herbs (19.6%). Friends (55.4%) and family members (53.6%) provided the major sources of information on CAM.Pastors and local chemists were the most common sources of CAMs used. Improved health (n=30, 53.6%) and ability to cope with the disease (n=16, 28.6%) were the most frequent perceived benefits reported by CAM-users. None of the CAM-users reported any adverse/side effects experienced after use of CAM.Conclusively, results depicted a significant percentage of cancer patients in Meru County use CAM; mainly spiritual therapy and vitamins and mineral supplements. Health care provider should pay close attention to use of CAM while taking history from cancer patients and advice accordingly.Meru county government should regulate all CAM products that are accessible to the public and ensure the providers are well trained and registered.
Compact loop-type antenna with ground-mode tuning for dual-band IoT applications

ABSTRACT A compact dual-band loop-type antenna is proposed in a small-sized ground plane for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The antenna element is comprised of two adjacent resonance loops, excited by two feeding loops at the back side of the substrate, to achieve independent control of dual-band IoT applications at 0.92 and 2.45 GHz, respectively. To improve the radiation performance of the lower band, the metal frames are adopted as ground-mode tuning structures to generate a new ground-mode resonance, producing dual-resonance characteristics at 0.9 GHz bands and generating greatly improved bandwidth and radiation efficiency. Therefore, both lower and higher bands with high performances are achieved in simulation and verified in measurement.
High‐dimensional covariance estimation for Gaussian directed acyclic graph models with given order

The covariance matrix is a fundamental quantity that helps us understand the nature of relationships among variables in a multivariate data set. Estimating the covariance matrix can be challenging in modern applications where the number of variables is often larger than the number of samples. In this paper, we review methods which tackle this challenge by inducing sparsity in the Cholesky parameter of the inverse covariance matrix.
Cs 598csc: Combinatorial Optimization 1 Okamura-seymour Theorem

Theorem 1 Let G = (V, E) be a plane graph and let H = (T, R) be a demand graph where T is the set of vertices of a single face of G. Then if G satisfies the cut condition for H and G + H is eulerian, there is an integral multiflow for H in G. The proof is via induction on 2|E| − |R|. Note that if G satisfies the cut condition for H, then |R| ≤ |E| (why? ). There are several " standard " induction steps and observations that are used in this and other proofs and we go over them one by one. For this purpose we assume G, H satisfy the conditions of the theorem and is a counter example with 2|E(G)| − |R| minimal[1].
Effects of Simulation-Based Education for Emergency Patient Nursing Care in Korea: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effects of emergency nursing simulation program on nursing students and nurses. Methods: This systematic review was performed as per the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and using the R program meta package (version 4.9-2). RISS, KISS, and DBpia Library databases were searched for studies published between June 2000 and August 2018 using the following key words: (Emerge* OR nursing) AND (nurs* OR simulation). Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using Risk of Bias for Non randomized Studies. Results: 7 studies were identified and all of them met the inclusion criteria. The outcome variables were significant clinical performance, self-efficacy except knowledge, and problem-solving ability. Conclusion: This review provides updated evidence of the simulation-based education program in emergency nursing. Further studies are required to increase generalizability using randomized population, research design and controlled trials with sufficient sample size. Moreover, valid measurements are needed to assess the main outcomes.
Inherency of Form and Function in Animal Development and Evolution

I discuss recent work on the origins of morphology and cell-type diversification in Metazoa – collectively the animals – and propose a scenario for how these two properties became integrated, with the help of a third set of processes, cellular pattern formation, into the developmental programs seen in present-day metazoans. Inherent propensities to generate familiar forms and cell types, in essence a parts kit for the animals, are exhibited by present-day organisms and were likely more prominent in primitive ones. The structural motifs of animal bodies and organs, e.g., multilayered, hollow, elongated and segmented tissues, internal and external appendages, branched tubes, and modular endoskeletons, can be accounted for by the properties of mesoscale masses of metazoan cells. These material properties, in turn, resulted from the recruitment of “generic” physical forces and mechanisms – adhesion, contraction, polarity, chemical oscillation, diffusion – by toolkit molecules that were partly conserved from unicellular holozoan antecedents and partly novel, distributed in the different metazoan phyla in a fashion correlated with morphological complexity. The specialized functions of the terminally differentiated cell types in animals, e.g., contraction, excitability, barrier function, detoxification, excretion, were already present in ancestral unicellular organisms. These functions were implemented in metazoan differentiation in some cases using the same transcription factors as in single-celled ancestors, although controlled by regulatory mechanisms that were hybrids between earlier-evolved processes and regulatory innovations, such as enhancers. Cellular pattern formation, mediated by released morphogens interacting with biochemically responsive and excitable tissues, drew on inherent self-organizing processes in proto-metazoans to transform clusters of holozoan cells into animal embryos and organs.