Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEFT: Multipath TCP for High Speed Low Latency Communications in 5G Networks

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a promising solution that can provide high end-to-end throughput in fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. Many next-generation applications will require high throughput and low latency simultaneously, but the current MPTCP congestion control algorithms cannot reliably satisfy this requirement. In this paper, a novel MPTCP congestion control scheme named delay-equalized FAST (DEFT) is proposed to achieve high throughput and low end-to-end (E2E) delay in 5G networks. First, in order to achieve high throughput, DEFT includes a novel window control algorithm that shows fast responsiveness when the state of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) link changes from line-of-sight (LOS) to non-LOS (NLOS) and vice versa. Second, in order to achieve low E2E delay, DEFT includes a delay-equalizing algorithm which minimizes additional reordering delay in the receive buffer. The performance of DEFT was evaluated based on ns-3 simulation and was compared with wVegas, Balia, and delay-adapted LIA. Simulation results show that DEFT can provide a significant goodput gain and application-level E2E delay reduction for the range of interest.
Use of bone marrow (BM) and concentrated bone marrow aspirate (CBMA) for treatment of critical long fractures.

Bone growth is determined by many factors – immobility of bone ends, osteoblastic potency, contact of the bone margins and distance between them. In critically long defects, where the distance between the bone ends is greater than the diameter of the bone, healing processes are compromised because of the limited possibility of bone communication. Applying the gold standard autotransplantation from a rib, iliac bone, or other donor organ is not always possible, and new healing possibilities are investigated. Synthetic osteoinductive biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, collagen, composites, and others are successfully used as carriers, but their efficacy is limited without their activation by a biological organic autologous osteoinductor. Recent studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, or tissue growth factors have an exceptionally high potential for autologous osteoinductors. The purpose of this article is to compare the osteoinductive potential of bone marrow and concentrated bone marrow aspirate in the healing of critically long fractures without autotransplantation.
Q-Learning-Based Adaptive Power Control in Wireless RF Energy Harvesting Heterogeneous Networks

This article investigates adaptive power control in wireless radio frequency energy harvesting (EH) femtocell heterogeneous networks (HetNets), where some EH devices desire to harvest energy from the signals transmitted from both macro base stations (BSs), and femtocell BSs. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the sum capacity of femtocells while satisfying the EH requirements of energy users, and information quality of service (QoS) requirements of macrocell users by adaptively controlling the transmit power of femtocell HetNets, where nonlinear EH model is adopted. Due to the discrete variables of transmit power, the formulated optimization problem is with combinatorial computational complexity, and cannot be solved with known solution methods. Thus, a Q-learning-based algorithm is presented, and a segmented reward function based on the distance factor, and the penalty parameter is designed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed Q-learning-based algorithm, and the presented segmented reward function. It is also demonstrated that by using the nonlinear EH model can effectively avoid the deviation brought by the traditional ideal linear EH model. Additionally, it shows that the convergence time of our proposed scheme grows linearly w.r. t. the number of femtocell BSs, and the number of selectable transmit power levels of femtocell BSs roughly.
Vasculitis in COVID-19: A Literature Review

Vasculitis has been linked to COVID-19 as a suspected pathological pattern in different cases, however, it is not yet considered a major pathology. This virus has different clinical presentations including; dermatological and other organs involvement which are highly suggestive of the presence of vascular disease. Also, the histopathological examinations reveal ischemic and thrombotic changes. These changes were not associated with DIC or any other thrombotic conditions. The addition of other possible medications that might help in controlling such inflammatory syndrome could be the key to controlling this disease. This is a literature review highlights important features for this viral illness and suggests some therapeutic options
Glass Substrate With Integrated Waveguides for Surface Mount Photonic Packaging

Co-packaged optics in next-generation datacenters require the assembly of multiple components on the same multichip module (MCM) and interconnection with hundreds of optical fibers. A novel photonic packaging substrate is required to leverage high-throughput electronic assembly with high precision optical alignment. This report highlights the results of glass substrate optimization to include optical waveguides, a fiber connector, and chip interfaces, as well as features for electrical connectivity, as a potential component for a co-packaging solution. Glass with smooth surfaces and high precision alignment features enables surface mounted flip-chip assembly of electrical integrated circuits, photonic components, and optical fiber connectors. All components will be placed by vision alignment using precise fiducials or passive alignment in mechanical features to the surface of the glass substrate with optical and electrical interconnects. Flip-chip assembly of photonic components is enabled by evanescent coupling with couplers having a minimum non-linear taper length of 1.5 mm. The designed interface loss to the integrated ion-exchanged glass waveguides is less than 1 dB with an interface which is robust to lateral misalignment of up to 4 microns. Light can be transmitted in the glass substrate with a propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm. Fiber interfaces are mechanically and thermally decoupled from the photonic component and glass waveguides can fan-out the component pitch from 50 to 250 microns of the MTP-16 ferrule connector. The solder reflow compatible connector receptacle is passively aligned and demonstrate with an average loss of 0.68 dB.
Seasonal Variation of Mono, Di and Polysaccharides in British Bluebells (Hyacinthoides Non-Scripta)

British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. ) were studied for their carbohydrate content, phenology and biomass allocation and the associated physiological changes. Carbohydrate content of different parts of the plant, including roots, bulbs, leaves, scapes and flowers, were studied as total non-structural carbohydrates. Biomass and carbohydrate analysis results showed greater allocation to bulbs compared to any other vegetative part. Analysis of fructans in the bulbs showed the presence of large proportions of the polysaccharide comprising about 77% DW in mid-June 2014. The lowest fructan content of 41% DW was found at the start of re-growth in JanuaryFebruary 2015. The monoand disaccharide pool in the bulbs showed high concentrations at the start of the growth period suggesting depolymerisation of fructans at this stage and their mobilisation to the growing shoots. MALDI-TOF analysis of bulb fructans showed the dominance of DP3 and DP4 chain fructans with the presence of other longer chains up to DP9 at the end of the vegetative stage in July until shoot emergence in March.
PLANT SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN SEASONAL FOREST SEMIDECIDUAL SUBMONTANA, PINHEIRAL-RJ

Topographic factors, as altitude and slope may affect floristic composition along a forest landscape. The adaptation of plant species to environmental conditions is closely related to soil attributes. This study aimed to evaluate how relief shapes variation (pedoforms) affected the distribution of tree species in a Semidecidual Seasonal Tropical Forest remnant, in Southeastern Brazil. Sites with convex and concave surfaces were selected, and partitioned into microsites (MS) along the slope. Soil sampling depths taken in the MS were 0-5 and 5-10 cm, for chemical and physical characterization. Floristic and phytosociological transect surveys of the tree communities were performed. Physical and chemical soil attributes were found to be affected by landscape surfaces and slope conditions; concave surfaces showed the best physical and chemical soil attributes. Landscape surfaces and slope conditions also affected the distribution of forest tree species. Results suggest that the decision making on defining actions for forest restoration should take account whether the area to be restored is on either a convex or a concave surface. CAPÍTULO 14
Development of Real-Time Hotspot Detection System Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in PV Generation System

Photovoltaic (PV) Generation system is one of the easiest renewable energy systems to generate either small amounts of energy for usage in households or for large amounts as utilized in fields. Although PV generation system does not burn fuel for power generation, some problems exist regarding heat. One of these problems is called Hotspots. A Hotspot is an increase in the cell`s heat in certain conditions and positions. In some cases, the heat can even ignite a fire. In this study, we propose a new method to detect this hotspot phenomenon at an early stage. The proposed method utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the main detection system. In fact, we were able to detect the hotspot with an accuracy of 82.25% using only two parameters, string current and string voltage. This system is a secondary system to be used in conjunction with the main control system. The output will be a flag sent to the main controlling system. Designing this system as secondary one, makes it easier to apply in already constructed PV fields. The findings illustrated the detection of hotspots with an accuracy rate of 82.25% using only two parameters, namely string current and string voltage. Thus the findings from this study provides a basis for the future development of a system which provides an overall evaluation for solar panels including hotspots and degradation.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access With Coordinated Direct and User-Assisted Transmission

In this letter, we investigate the coordinated direct and user-assisted transmission in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. By integrating the coordinated direct transmission into user-cooperative NOMA, one far user (FU) is served along with two near users (NUs) that are opportunistically selected from a pool of K NUs. For the considered system, an NU scheduling strategy is proposed to minimize the outage probabilities of the NUs whilst ensuring the performance requirement of the FU. Exact and asymptotic outage probability of each served user is derived. Results demonstrate that the FU and one of the scheduled NUs can both achieve the full diversity order K, and the other scheduled NU achieves a diversity order equal to ${K}-1$ or K, depending on the transmit rate of the base station.
Locale structure around heteroatoms in alumino- and borosilicates for catalysis

While alumino- and borosilicate materials have paramount importance in catalysis, the molecular origin of their activity is not completely understood. This is mainly because the incorporation of heteroatoms into the silicate framework deteriorates the molecular order by generating local disorder that is particularly difficult to establish. Because of its local vision of ordered and disordered environments, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can play a key role to solve this long-standing issue. Surfactant-directed layered silicate materials with short-range molecular order are particularly interesting model systems to study the local structures around Al or B heteroatoms because the synthesis, molecular structures, and simple 29Si NMR signatures of their pure-silicate forms are well understood. Various amounts of Al and B atoms were incorporated into their frameworks, and their consequences on the local structure were investigated by state-of-the-art multidimensional NMR measurements probing spatial proximities or bonding interactions between 29Si, 11B, 27Al, and 1H nuclei, an approach that could be extended to atomic substitution in an aluminosilicate clay and a new calcium borosilicate. These results were combined with molecular modeling to build and evaluate structural models that capture the local framework distortions and sometimes profound rearrangements resulting from the atomic substitutions. This reveals remarkable differences between the consequences of the incorporation Al or B in two distinct frameworks of otherwise strongly-related materials, and offers a unique opportunity to understand the properties that drive heteroatom incorporation.
Comparative Study and Design of Current Starved Ring Oscillators in 16 nm Technology

In this brief, different characteristics of current starved ring oscillator (CSRO) circuits are investigated and four new designs are proposed. A new parameter, known as phase noise bandwidth product (PNBP), is also proposed to address the trade-off between phase noise performance and frequency tuning range while designing ring oscillators (ROs). The proposed circuits are compared with existing architectures in terms of power consumption, frequency bandwidth, maximum frequency, phase noise, power delay product (PDP) and PNBP. For performance evaluation, three-stage CSROs have been implemented in Cadence software using the 16 nm PTM High Performance (HP) technology model. Simulation results demonstrate that two newly proposed CSRO architectures using one NMOS sink or one PMOS source have similar optimum results in terms of PDP and PNBP as the existing CSRO using an output switch scheme, but with an advantage of lower area requirement. Moreover, all four proposed architectures show improved performance in terms of PDP and PNBP compared to conventional CSRO. The performance of the CSROs is also observed and compared with respect to the variations in process-voltage-temperature (PVT) parameters.
Lidar Derived Fine Scale Resolution Properties of Tropospheric Aerosol Mixtures

Fine scale resolution analysis was applied to the complicated aerosol structures observed with the PollyXT-UW lidar over Warsaw during the night of 9/10 August 2015. The full sets of the particle optical properties profiles, so called 3β+2α+2δ+wv (3 backscattering, 2 extinction coefficients, 2 depolarization ratios and water vapour mixing ratio), were obtained to discriminate multiple aerosol height sectors, which were then used for the microphysical properties inversion. The statistical characterization of the main aerosol/mixture types was obtained.
Ornamental Kale as a Cut Flower under High Tunnels in the Southeastern United States

The potential to expand the production of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) grown as a specialty cut flower in the southeastern United States appears promising, especially for the winter holidays. This 2-year replicated study investigated the effects of two fall plantings and three cultivars on ornamental kale yields grown under organic high tunnels. In addition to the production study, informal interviews of local florists were conducted. The earlier planting dates resulted in longer stem lengths (≥5 cm) and fewer days to harvest (≥5 days) across both seasons. Commercial stem length goals were not achieved (≥60 cm) but local florists did not appear to have the same standards (≥31 cm). The cultivars Crane Bicolor and Lucir White had longer stems and larger heads than Crane Red. Our high tunnel system provided favorable air temperatures for vegetative growth from late September through early November indicating an earlier planting date may be possible. Commonly accepted nighttime temperatures required to induce color changes occurred in early to mid-November during our study period.
Thévenin Equivalent Parameter Adaptive Robust Estimation Considering the Erroneous Measurements of PMU

Parameter estimation based on the measurement data of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an important approach for identifying the Thévenin equivalent parameters (TEPs) of power systems. However, in the process of acquiring or transmitting data in PMU, measurement errors due to external interference or internal system faults will affect the accuracy of parameter estimation. In this paper, a TEP estimation algorithm based on local PMU measurement is proposed. The algorithm considers the errors of the PMU and introduces Huber function and projection statistics (PS) to eliminate the effects of outliers and leverage measurements, respectively. Additionally, a variable forgetting factor (VFF) is used to quickly eliminate the historical data with measurement deviation and track the changes of the system. The regularization technique is used to solve the divergence problem in the inverse process of the ill-conditioned matrix, thereby improving the stability and generalization performance of the algorithm. Finally, by minimizing the cost function of this algorithm, a recursive formula for the equivalent parameter estimation is derived. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified on the IEEE 118-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems, and compared with recursive least squares (RLS) and Huber’s M-Estimation; the mean relative errors decreased by 94.75% and 84.77%, respectively.
An Attribute-Isolated Secure Communication Architecture for Intelligent Connected Vehicles

The rapidly increasing connectedness of modern vehicles leads to new security challenges for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), where some potential attackers can achieve unauthorized access to gain control of the vehicle by injecting malicious information into in-vehicle electronic control units (ECUs). Therefore, in this paper, a secure attribute-isolated communication architecture for an ICV, which introduces attributes into the ECUs to achieve authorized access among the ECU nodes is proposed. First, an analysis of the functional attributes of all of the in-vehicle ECUs in an intelligent connected environment and a division of the functional attributes of the ECUs into five classifications are performed. Second, based on the above-classified attributes, a secure attribute-isolated communication architecture is demonstrated. The ECUs have different access rights, allowing only the ECUs with the same functional attributes in the internal network of the vehicle to communicate. Then, it is proven that the proposed architecture can resist forgery and eavesdropping attacks under the random oracle model. Finally, the secure attribute-isolated communication architecture is constructed in a hardware environment and evaluated with an in-vehicle network simulator (IVNS). The evaluation results show that the average memory usage with 120 ECUs and 100 messages is below 40 MB and the bus load can be reduced to 18.96% using the proposed security architecture compared to the bus load of existing architectures. Therefore, the proposed secure attribute-isolated communication architecture solves the problem of the tradeoff between the security threat of unauthorized access and the high bus load of existing in-vehicle architectures.
Forecasting the Volatility of Coffee Arabica and Crude Oil Prices with a High Frequency Data

Modeling, analyzing, and forecasting volatility has been the subject of extensive research among academics, practitioners and portfolio managers. This paper estimates a variety of GARCH models using weekly closing price (in USD/barrel) of Brent crude oil and weekly closing prices (in USD/pound) of coffee Arabica, and compares the forecasting performance of these models based on a high frequency intra-day data which allows for a more precise realized volatility measurement. The study used weekly price data to explicitly model volatility, and employed high-frequency intra-day data to assess model forecasting performance. The analysis points to the conclusion that GARCH (1,1) for Arabica coffee and GARCH (1,2) crude oil returns were best models, respectively with Student’s t distributed innovation terms is the most accurate volatility forecasting models in the context of our empirical setting. We recommend and encourage future researchers studying the forecasting performance of GARCH models to pay particular attention to the measurement of realized volatility, and employ high-frequency data whenever feasible.
Population dynamics and feeding ecology of the invasive Caucasian dwarf goby, Knipowitschia caucasica, in a freshwater habitat in Ukraine

Population dynamics and feeding patterns of invasive Knipowitschia caucasica were studied in the littoral zone of the lower Stugna River. The abundances of this goby showed significant inter-annual and seasonal fluctuations. The studied population of K. caucasica was represented by two age groups (0 and I). Fish die after their first breeding season. In total, 58 prey items were identified in the diet of K. caucasica at the sampling site. The most abundant prey were copepods and cladocerans, while the most frequently encountered prey were copepods and chironomid larvae. Copepods were represented mainly by Cyclopoidae. Cladocerans included 21 taxa, among which the most abundant were Diaphanosoma sp. , Acroperus harpae, and Disparalona rostrata; chironomids included 22 taxa, among which the most abundant was Cricotopus sylvestris. The diet composition showed seasonal dynamics, where copepods predominated in January to April and in August-September, chironomid larvae were especially important in May to July, while cladocerans were most important in November-December. The relatively high diversity of both phytophilous and open-bottom-dwelling prey organisms in the stomach contents of K. caucasica indicates that this species fed on a large variety of benthic habitats including among macrophytes and open areas.
Technology and the Professional Development of Teachers: A Proposed Integrated Model of Technology Adoption (IMTA)

The professional development of teachers is an essential issue that should be considered to ensure a good quality of active lessons and therefore, improve student learning. This paper was formed based on a PhD study that investigated teachers’ use of the Interactive Whiteboards (IWBs) and their training needs in Saudi Arabia. Seven female teachers were observed when using IWBs in their lessons and interviewed. This paper mainly discussed and compared three models of professional development in using technology which are: Burden (2002), Beauchamp (2004), and Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) (Hall and Hord, 2006). As a result, a new model called the Integrated Model of Technology Adoption (IMTA) was produced based on the outcomes of the current study and was also inspired by Beauchamp model (2004). Keywords: Effective use of IWBs; Professional Development of Teachers; Integrated Model of Technology Adoption. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-20-02 Publication date: July 31 st 2020