Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Aggregation in Spatial Committee Games

This paper introduces information aggregation into the standard spatial committee game. We assume that committee members must agree on a decision rule to aggregate their private information on a policy-relevant state of the world. We derive sucient conditions for the ex ante incentive compatible core to be nonempty, and provide some characterization results for incentive compatible core decision rules, called "durable decision rules". In particular, core points of the underlying complete-information game are shown to be constant, durable decision rules of the game with incomplete information if they satisfy some robustness property. Moreover, we show that durable decision rules exist whenever information is Pareto-improving relative to the core of the underlying complete-information game, provided that voters' private signals are weakly informative.
83‐4: High Resolution Optical Characterization of NIR Light Sources for 3D Imaging

The great development of low cost and compact 3D imaging for various applications like face-recognition, machine vision or LIDAR for automotive has introduced new requirements in terms of NIR light source characterization. In all the cases, precise characterization of the light source emission properties in all its angular aperture is mandatory to get accurate 3D images. In addition, all these sources must comply safety regulations and must be verified during the fabrication process. The paper introduces a new Fourier optics system dedicated to
Explaining crime growth in Russia during transition: economic and criminometric approach

This paper presents a simple model of a rational offender based on cost-benefit analysis with uncertain income and costs. In the empirical part we estimate a system of dynamic crime supply equation and its first difference by using Generalized Method of Moments with moment conditions generated by assumption of endogeneity of explanatory variables. We use a set of socio-economic, demographic and other indicators as explanatory variables, including proxies for criminal experience, alcohol and drug consumption, and the strength of Police. Data used are panel data from 1990 to 1998 for 70 Russian regions. In the study crime is represented by homicide and larceny as proxies for violent and property crimes respectively. Both types of crime are found to be persistent over time. There is a strong deterrent effect arising from Police activity but this effect is very restricted indicating that enforcement activity is important but could not prevent further crime growth. High level of education prevents people from committing either types of crime. Dramatically increasing drug consumption led to a rise in either type of criminal activity. Higher alcohol consumption is found to be responsible for growth in violence during transition. Moreover, in spite of common belief on the West, the largest part of homicides is not associated with criminal gangs but a result of outbreak of aggression within family and neighborhood generally caused by alcohol intoxication. Family disruption in 90-es is also highly responsible for crime growth. Other socio-economic indicators have an opposite impact on violent and property crimes. We find that with higher income inequality, and lower real income and unemployment rate property crimes are substituted by violence. We can expect therefore further total crime growth once Russia has sustainable economic growth, with less violence but with more property and economic crimes. At the same time total crime rate in Russia is still below the level in other European countries, even if we take into account higher unreported rate in Russia. * The author would like to thank Rudiger Ahrend and other CEFIR, former RECEP, members for the idea of the project initialization, EERC experts and conference participants for helpful comments and concernment in the project results. Also I am indebted to Ministry of Interior officials, Eugenia Koshkina from Institute of Narcology, and Alexander Nemtsov from Institute of Psychology for data providing. All remaining errors are the responsibility of the author. Financial support of the Eurasia foundation is gratefully acknowledged. † Economist at Centre for Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR), Moscow.
Histopathologic lesions in the liver of Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae) exposed to a sublethal concentration of the organophosphate insecticide Dipterex 500 ®(Trichlorfon)

Histopathologic lesions in the liver of juvenile Prochilodus lineatus were assessed following 24 and 48h exposure to the organophosphate pesticide Dipterex 500 ® (Trichlorfon) at a concentration of 0.2 µl/L. Livers of experimental animals were collected, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to routine histology methods. Alterations in hepatic tissue were observed after pesticide exposure, including lateral migration of nuclei, variation in the diameter and density of nuclei, pyknosis and necrosis.
Bullying: Bullies, victims, and witnesses

This study examines bullying by focusing on bullies, victims, and witnesses. In an effort to examine long-term correlates of bullying, we asked university students about their experiences with bullying in middle school. We administered a 65 question survey to 191 college students from several university campuses. The survey was made up of the Handling Bullying Questionnaire (Bauman, Rigby & Hoppa, 2008), the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire (Rigby & Slee, 2003), the Revised Pro-Victim Scale (Rigby, 1997), and 13 researcher created questions which dealt with the participants' experiences with bullying. We hypothesized that rates of bullying would be high and that the long-term correlates of witnessing bullying would be the same as those for being a victim of bullying. Most of the participants reported witnessing acts of bullying and being victims of bullying in middle school. Very few participants reported bullying others. We found non-violent forms of bullying to be the most common. Bullies and witnesses, but not victims, were more likely to say they would intervene to stop a case of bullying. Otherwise, witnesses and victims responded similarly.
Optimization of Actuating System for Flapping Robot Design

In this paper, my purpose is suggestion for design method for actuating system of flapping robot. It is necessary to develop that. Considering the drag of flapping wings and the characteristic of motor revolution for its load, the actuating system of flapping robot is modeled. The motor whose resultant flapping frequency and wing loading required for flapping robot is selected, and flapping robot is developed by that result. As the result, the flapping robot can fly stably for about 15 minutes. Moreover, the design method is effective in case of attaching important to the increase in flight altitude by clarifying that flapping frequency play an important role for control of flight altitude.
Gait Recognition Based on Silhouettes Sequences and Neural Networks for Human Identification

Human gait recognition is moving ahead by the need for automated person identification and verification at a distance in many applications. In this paper our system presented silhouette videos and neural networks based system for human identification. For each sequence of silhouette images, an automated Region of Interest (ROI) algorithm applied to reduce dimensionality, extract gait features has been attempted with 3level 2Dimension Discrete Wavelet Transform (3L-2D-DWT), edges detection and gait cycle were used to extract relevant feature. Back propagations neural networks used as pattern recognition. The MATLAB software graphics user interface is designed to display result and simplify the use of the system. The developed system has been evaluated using (TUM-IITKGP) which contains three different type of walking categories and the results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves 98.8%, 95.87% and 88% for normal walk, walking with backpack and walking with hand in pocket category respectively of correct recognition. We concluded that the different side of view movement increase reliability of the key extracted feature and improve the neural network performance which opens a scope for further development.
OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION PADA SMART PHONE MENGGUNAKAN CONTOUR ANALYSIS DAN FEATURE PRESELECTION

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a process allowing computers to read handwritten, typed, or printed scanned characters, and produc e digital text data. Study related to OCR recently is aimed to yield a high accuracy rate as well as a low cost of computational load. Those are for satisfying the needs of mobile devices applications that is used by many people currently . In this research, the complex representation is used in the Contour Analysis, combined by Intercorrelation and Autocorrelation Function. In the Feature Preselection process , there are Longest Common Subsequence and Euclidian distance to be compared . An observation is done to determine the best values for some parameters of the OCR s ystem. The comparison results show that LCS is more efficient in selecting contour features than Euclidian distance. Besides, the use of Arial template is tested using other Sans Serif typefaces. Generally, the results are quite satisfying since the averag e of the best accuracy rates for all testing can reach 100%.
Integration, Labor Market Regulation, Lobbying, and Technological Change

This paper examines an economic union where oligopolistic firms produce by skilled and unskilled labor and do in-house R&D by skilled labor. The planner of the union accepts new members to the union, regulates the labor market through a minimum wage for unskilled labor and supports firms by taxation. Firms and workers lobby the planner for prospective policy. It is shown that in the political equilibrium small unions regulate the labor market but do not support firms, while large unions deregulate the labor market and support firms.
Information technologies and construction sector: Why construction loses competition for innovations to other industries?

Over the last 10 years investments into innovation made at the beginning of 2000s resulted in significant growth not only in separate industries but in global economy as a whole. The development of digital technologies significantly reduced the costs of advance technologies, which made them affordable to a wide range of consumers. Using new tools and methods for interaction of social and economic subjects became a real accelerator of rapid growth for some industries such as media, information and communication technologies or finances. However, no significant innovative changes occur in the construction sector despite a generally acknowledged important role in the economy of both separate countries and in global economic processes. The article considers the factors that have an effect on the digital transformation of construction industry, the peculiarities and problems of this process.
Structure elucidation of polycrystalline materials using X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy techniques

To understand the properties of crystalline materials, whether they are of scientiﬁc or industrial importance, structural analysis is essential. If representative single crystals are available, single-crystal X-ray diffraction is the method of choice and a successful structure analysis almost guaranteed. Unfortunately, many important crystalline materials cannot be prepared as single crystals of appropriate size and quality for conventional single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In such cases, structural information must be derived from X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) data. Determining a crystal structure from XPD data is not a trivial matter: not only is the phase information lost during the diffraction experiment, but reﬂections with similar d -spacings, which are well separated in a single-crystal measurement, overlap in a powder pattern. This overlap problem strongly hinders structure solution by conventional (single-crystal) crystallographic methods. Although different approaches have been developed over the years to solve crystal structures from XPD data, all have their limitations, especially when the XPD patterns exhibit a high degree of reﬂection overlap. To extend the limits of structure determination for polycrystalline materials, another structure characterization technique, electron microscopy (EM), can be used to complement the XPD technique. Compared to XPD, the obvious advantages from EM are: (1) single-crystal electron diffraction data can be obtained from a very tiny crystallite, simply because electrons interact with matter much more strongly than do X-rays; (2) the crystallographic phase information, which is lost in the XPD measurement, can be extracted from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images by crystallographic image processing. With this extra
Heating and ionization of the primordial intergalactic medium by high-mass X-ray binaries

We investigate the influence of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) on their high-redshift environments. Using a one-dimensional radiative transfer code, we predict the ionization and temperature profiles surrounding a coeval stellar population, composed of main-sequence stars and HMXBs, at various times after its formation. We consider both uniform density surroundings, and a cluster embedded in a 108 M⊙ Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) halo. HMXBs in a constant density environment produce negligible enhanced ionization because of their high-energy spectral energy distributions and short lifetimes. In this case, HMXBs only marginally contribute to the local heating rate. For NFW profiles, radiation from main-sequence stars cannot prevent the initially ionized volume from recombining since it is unable to penetrate the high-density galactic core. However, HMXB photons stall recombinations behind the front, keeping it partially ionized for longer. The increased electron density in these partially ionized regions promotes further cooling, resulting in lower intergalactic medium (IGM) temperatures. In the context of this starburst model, we have shown that HMXBs do not make a major contribution to reionization or IGM heating. However, X-ray escape fractions are high in both density profile cases. Continuous star formation may result in the build up of X-rays over time, reducing the ionization time-scale and potentially leading to low level ionization of the distant IGM.
Contributions to an improved framework for integrated reporting

Every stakeholder who is a part the contemporary business world is constantly seeking for high-value information that might represent a competitive advantage opposed to other market participants. Therefore, the reporting system needs to take into account not only financial aspects, but also non-financial elements that might impact the outcome of a specific course of action, thus creating the core assumption for regulating and implementing Integrated Reporting. The main purpose of this paper is to perform a content analysis on comment letters which were submitted to the Consultation Draft and to discuss the contributions provided by the professional bodies, standard setters, policy makers and regulators to the Integrated Reporting Framework. We intend to study the incentives which determined the respondents to provide comments on specific sections of the Consultation Draft and to which extent have these comments brought added-value to the Framework.
E-mail Spam Filtering by A New Hybrid Feature Selection Method Using Chi2 as Filter and Random Tree as Wrapper

The purpose of this research is presenting an machine learning approach for enhancing the accuracy of automatic spam detecting and filtering and separating them from legitimate messages. In this regard, for reducing the error rate and increasing the efficiency, the hybrid architecture on feature selection has been used. Features used in these systems, are the body of text messages. Proposed system of this research has used the combination of two filtering models, Filter and Wrapper, with Chi Squared (Chi2) filter and Random Tree wrapper as feature selectors. In addition, Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) classifier, Discriminative Multinomial Naive Bayes (DMNB) classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and Random Forest classifier are used for classification. Finally, the output results of this classifiers and feature selection methods are examined and the best design is selected and it is compared with another similar works by considering different parameters. The optimal accuracy of the proposed system is evaluated equal to 99%.
Protein Function Prediction Based on Sequence and Structure Information

The number of available protein sequences in public databases is increasing exponentially. However, a significant fraction of these sequences lack functional annotation which is essential to our understanding of how biological systems and processes operate. In this master thesis project, we worked on inferring protein functions based on the primary protein sequence. In the approach we follow, 3D models are first constructed using I-TASSER. Functions are then deduced by structurally matching these predicted models, using global and local similarities, through three independent enzyme commission (EC) and gene ontology (GO) function libraries. The method was tested on 250 “hard” proteins, which lack homologous templates in both structure and function libraries. The results show that this method outperforms the conventional prediction methods based on sequence similarity or threading. Additionally, our method could be improved even further by incorporating protein-protein interaction information. Overall, the method we use provides an efficient approach for automated functional annotation of non-homologous proteins, starting from their sequence.
Outsourcing and Vertical Integration: a Survey of Empirical Literature

This paper provides a survey of the empirical literature of outsourcing and vertical integration. This literature shows that outsourcing and integration behave in waves, with periods of greater outsourcing activity and others of a greater activity of vertical integration. 1 University of the Azores and Centre of Applied Economic Studies of the Atlantic – CEEAplA, Department of Economic and Business, Rua Mae de Deus, s/n, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
The Utilization of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Organic Acids and Antibiotics in Monogastric Animals

The gastrointestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem made up of a multitude of bacterial species, some of which are potentially pathogenic, while others are considered good for the host. The beneficial microorganisms that live in the hindgut influence gastrointestinal functionality and the host’s health in general. Nowadays, many dietary supplements are available to be fed to young farm animals such as broilers, turkeys, piglets and calves in order to improve their intestinal health and growth performance. Despite the fact that non-pharmacological feed additives in general do not reach the efficacy of antibiotics as growth promoters, the proper choice and use of a dietary supplement may improve livestock productivity. Nevertheless, it has to be considered that dietary supplements usually increase the feed price, which means that the cost-benefit ratio of feed additives should always be determined. Keywords: gastrointestinal microbiota; dietary supplements; livestock productivity
Nasalization in UMbundu

UMbundu (ûmbundù) is a Bantu language, R.ll in Guthrie's referential classification spoken mainly on thé central plateau (planalto) of Angola. Its centre lies in thé provinces of Huambo and Bié where it is spoken in a relatively uniform way. Greater dialect variation occurs in some border areas, most notably towards thé coast in thé Benguela province. In terms of number of speakers, UMbundu is the single most important language of Angola. The most striking feature of UMbundu phonology is provided by nasalized segments, both vowels and consonants. Nasalized consonants are universally infrequent, and within Bantu I know of no other language having such segments. Nasalized vowels occur in a few North-West Bantu languages, where they are the result of lost Word-final nasals, at least diachronically and maybe also synchronically. The UMbundu case appears in every respect to be much more complex and interesting. Nasal sound patterns in the world's languages have been extensively studied in the context of the search for language universals ever since Ferguson's (1963) "Assumptions about nasals" was presented at the Dobbs Ferry conference in 1961.1 believe that UMbundu has the makings of becoming a notorious language in this field, on a par with French, Akan, and Guarani. It provides unusual data on all aspects of nasals and nasalization: phonetic, phonological, and diachronic. These facts cannot be gathered from the existing descriptions of UMbundu which contain no more than scattered allusions to some of the nasalized segments. A recent publication which is concerned mainly with spelling suggestions for Angolan languages provides a good start for an inventory of nasalization in UMbundu but the conclusions reached are largely unfounded and even self-contradictory (Institute Nacional de Lmguas 1980).
DESIGNING INSTRUCTIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL TEXT

My aim in each section is to present a particular argument, supported by references to empirical research. In addition, I hope that these references will allow interested readers to follow up the issues raised more widely, should they wish. Regrettably I have decided that there is no one clear theoretical perspective that I could take in writing this chapter so, accordingly, none is offered. However, references to particular paradigms in text design are made where it seems appropriate. One important aspect of instructional and informational text design omitted in this chapter is that of the design and positioning of elements such as tables, diagrams, graphs, and figures. These issues are discussed in other chapters.
Efficient implementation of min-max model predictive control with bounded uncertainties

Min-Max Model Predictive Control (MMMPC) is one of the strategies used to control plants subject to bounded uncertainties. The implementation of MMMPC suffers a large computational burden due to the complex numerical optimization problem that has to be solved at every sampling time. This paper shows how to overcome this by transforming the original problem into a reduced min-max problem whose solution is much simpler. In this way, the range of processes to which MMMPC can be applied is considerably broadened. Proofs based on the properties of the cost function and simulation examples are given in the paper.
Electric and Photoelectric Gates for ion backflow suppression in multi-GEM structures

A new approach to suppress ion backflow in multi-GEM structures is suggested. In this approach, the potential difference applied across the gap between two adjacent GEMs is reversed compared to the standard configuration. In such a gap structure, called Electric Gate, a signal transfer from the first to second GEM is presumably provided by the small residual field still existing at small gate voltages and connecting the holes of the two GEMs. On the other hand, ion backflow between the GEMs turned out to be substantially reduced. We also consider another configuration, called Photoelectric Gate, in which in addition to the Electric Gate configuration, a CsI photocathode is deposited on the second GEM. In the Photoelectric Gate, ion backflow through the gap is fully suppressed and the signal transfer through the gap is provided by the photoelectric mechanism due to either avalanche scintillations in the first GEM or proportional scintillations in the electroluminescence gap replacing the first GEM. The idea of the Electric Gate might find applications in the field of TPC detectors and gas photomultipliers. The idea of the Photoelectric Gate is more relevant in the field of two-phase avalanche detectors.