Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Costimulation blockade and tolerance

Transplantation has become a routine therapy for end-stage organ disease. Despite improvements in patient and allograft outcomes, chronic rejection and the complications from lifelong immunosuppressive therapy remain significant problems. The induction of transplantation tolerance, indefinite allograft acceptance independent of chronic immunosuppressive therapy, remains the ultimate ambition in transplantation. Recent advances in immunobiology have described costimulatory pathways that are critical for T-cell function. Numerous tolerance strategies have incorporated agents designed to manipulate these pathways. Although new molecules continue to be described, their use alone has failed to promote lasting tolerance. The use of costimulation blockade in nonmyelosuppressive mixed chimerism strategies has emerged as one of the most promising strategies thus far.
Is Radiographic Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis Important for Detecting Differences in Physical Performance and Isokinetic Strength

Objective: To investigate the significance of the severity of knee osteoarthritis in physical function measures and isokinetic strength. Material and Methods: Females were included if they were between 50-65 years old, had radiological evidence of grade 2 (n=27) and grade 3 (n=26) osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria, and were volunteers. Patients were excluded if they had knee osteoarthritis secondary to inflammatory arthritis, had significant morbidity that would preclude their undertaking the tests, had participated in any physical activity program in the previous 6 months, and had a knee operation. Knee pain with rest/activity, chair stand test, up-and-go test, stair ascent and descent time, and isokinetic concentric knee flexor and extensor peak torque at 90°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s speed were assessed. Results: All females had bilateral tibiofemoral and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. There were no differences between the groups according to age, body mass index, pain duration, visual analog scale with movement and rest, or isokinetic strength at different speeds. The performance of the stair descent time and up-and-go tests was better in the grade 2 group than grade 3 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is known that the decrement of physical function accelerates with the increment of the severity of knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we found that the severity of knee osteoarthritis affected the stair descent time and up and go test.
A STUDY ON TOPICAL CALCIUM DOBESILATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIMITED PLAQUE PSORIASIS

Introduction: Topical dobesilate offers the potential for treatment of plaque psoriasis without atrophy or other local side effects associated with the use of topical corticosteroids. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-mediated pathways participate in many of the cellular events implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Thus, targeting FGF signals may be potentially therapeutic. Aims: To study the efficacy of topical calcium dobesilate for the treatment of 50 patients of limited plaque psoriasis. Methods: For the present study, fifty clinically diagnosed cases of psoriasis with limited number of plaques ( 0.05).
Análisis empírico de los factores que explican la mejora de la opinión de auditoría: compra de opinión y mejora en las prácticas contables de la empresa

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la existencia de compra de opinión en España a través del estudio de los cambios «sospechosos» de auditor, es decir, aquellos que se realizan hacia auditores menos independientes que el anterior. Analizando las empresas contenidas en la base de datos de la Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores durante los años 1990–2000, se obtienen 72 cambios de auditor realizados tras la obtención de un informe de auditoría no limpio. A diferencia de estudios anteriores, en este trabajo se ha incluido como variable de control la variación de la probabilidad de merecer un informe de auditoría no limpio. Los resultados muestran que las empresas que cambiaron hacia auditores menos conservadores y de menor tamaño obtuvieron una mayor probabilidad de mejorar su opinión, aunque su probabilidad de recibir informes no limpios no se viera afectada, concluyéndose que existe compra de opinión con éxito entre las empresas españolas.
How does a 3-week nutrition course affect the eating behaviors of parents among migrant farmworker families in Michigan?

Childhood obesity is a health concern in the United States, putting children at risk for serious health problems. Although there has been significant research of childhood obesity, less is known about how eating behaviors and parenting styles of Hispanic and Latino parents impact the health problems (e.g., obesity) of children. Literature demonstrates that Latina and Mexican American cultures shape parents’ feeding practices but most research fails to recognize the contexts of feeding practices within Latino community (Slusser, Neumann, Cumberland, Renenger, Fischer, & Frankel, 2012). As such, the purpose of this study is to identify the use of different parenting styles and eating behaviors among migrant farm worker parents This study used a quasi-experimental preand post-test research design to assess the effectiveness of a three-week nutrition course for migrant farm worker parents. Thirty-three migrant farm worker parents who reside in the state of Michigan and had children who attend to Telamon Sodus Migrant Head Start at Sodus, Michigan, were recruited for this study. Eight mothers (72.7 %) and three fathers (27.3%) with an average age of 30.64 (SD = 11.68) participated in this study. Results shows that, in this sample, mothers are likely to practice permissive parenting styles than fathers (p< .01). Results suggested an increase intake of healthy foods (e.g., fruits and vegetables) and a decrease intake of unhealthy foods (French fires) during the three-week nutrition course. These findings suggested the nutrition course to be effective; however, limitations of the study include the low number of participants and the need for survey questions to be culturally adaptive to reflect the authenticity of food preferences among Mexican and Latino families. PARENTING STYLE AND EATING BEHAVIOR iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE.i ABSTRACT. ii CHAPTERS
Urban Economic Theory

This book examines the economic reasons why people choose to live where they live and develops, through analysis of the bid rent function, a unified theory of urban land use and city size. The first part of the book explicates the basic theory of urban land use and optimal city size. Residential location behavior of households is examined in a microeconomic framework and equilibrium and optimal patterns of residential land use are discussed. The corresponding equilibrium and optimal city sizes are studied in a variety of contexts. Part Two extends the classical theories of von Thunen and Alonso with the addition of externality factors such as local public goods, crowding and congestion, and racial prejudice. The rigorous mathematical approach and theoretical treatment of the material make Urban Economic Theory of interest to researchers in urban economics, location theory, urban geography, and urban planning.
Influencing factors of the turnover intention in hospital paramedics

=Abstract= Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influencing factors of turnover intention in hospital paramedics. The factors included the job condition, job stress, and turnover intention. Methods: The subjects were 200 paramedics in hospital. Data were analyzed using frequency, t-test or one way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS WIN 20.0 program. Results: Job stress was 3.59 points; job condition, 2.96 points; turnover intention 3.64 points. When the job stress was high, the satisfaction with job condition was very low and the turnover intention increased. When the job satisfaction was high, turnover intention decreased. factors affecting the turnover intention were annual income, turnover frequency, workload, and working department, role conflict, and personal relationship. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish the job description of paramedics and improve the working condition in the hospitals.
Outcome Measurement for Orthopaedic Trauma Inpatients

In clinical physiotherapy, there is growing importance for theaccuracy and reliability of assessment and outcome measures. There are nooutcome measure instruments for orthopaedic trauma inpatients published inthe literature. This paper reports on the initial research to develop an outcomemeasure for orthopaedic trauma inpatients. Item generation was done by doinga systematic review of published functional outcome measures. Item reductionwas conducted by using a panel of physiotherapists and patients. A total of115 functional items were generated and this was reduced to 29 functionalitems deemed appropriate for othopaedic trauma inpatients. A lthough furtherpsychometric properties should now be tested, the draft outcome measure can serve as a guide in the education ofundergraduate students as well as to clinicians working in orthopedic trauma wards.
Comparative Estimation of Blood Supply of Skin Areas from Photoelectrically Recorded Volume Pulse

The principle of the photoelectric plethysmograph 1 has been applied to the comparison of the richness of the blood supply in several skin areas. Vertical illumination of the skin is provided by an ophthalmoscope bulb. Enough light is scattered through the subcutaneum to provide a sufficiently satisfactory transillumination to permit the detection of changes in the circulation in the skin by a photoelectric cell placed over the transilluminated area. The variations in the photoelectric current with changes in the blood content of the skin are recorded on the electrocardiograph after amplification. The volume pulse of the skin so recorded probably is an index of the arterial inflow with each heart beat and so can be used as an index of the blood supply of that skin area. (Special hemodynamic conditions will, of course, limit the specific application of the statement). Arterial constriction in the skin decreases the volume pulse; vasodilatation increases it. The amplitude and form of the recorded wave will also vary with the size and number of arterial vessels in the transilluminated area. Quantitation of the recorded wave in terms of arbitrary units is effected by comparing the size of the wave with the deflection obtained from inserting a glass filter (a thin glass sheet) between the photoelectric cell and the transilluminated skin area. Although the question as to what is the actual blood equivalent of the filter in terms of cc of blood per 100 cc of skin tissue is an involved one, 1 a tentative approach to the problem is provided in the data of Turner, et al. 2 Their average volume pulse in the finger tip at heart level is 2.8 mm3 or . 06% of the soft tissue volume.
Neurobiology of Chemical Transmission

This volume is the result of the first Taniguchi Symposium of Brain Sciences held a t Katata, Japan, in October 1977. In it one finds the work of an excellent group of vigorous and active neuroscientists, all participants in the symposium. The 22 chapters cover a wide variety of topics ranging from the structure of synaptic vesicles to signal processing in the carp retina. For example, there is a clear and cogent consideration by Frank and Fischbach of some of the factors regulating the development of connections between motor nerves and muscle fibers in culture. Hokfelt and his colleagues nicely demonstrate the value of histochemical techniques developed to identify neurons on the basis of their transmitters. Nicoll provides a useful review of recent developments in the pharmacology of barbiturates. As in most such collections, the papers range widely in length, style, purpose, and quality. Many are clearly reviews, while others were written as primary scientific reports. Most are highly technical; nevertheless, several are noteworthy for their readability and general interest. Unfortunately, the wide variety of topics makes it difficult to discover a unifying theme; two of the papers, in fact, do not deal with chemical transmission at all. On the whole, the volume is too heterogeneous for those seeking an overview of synaptic function. It will be useful as a reference for researchers in the field of chemical transmission.
A Qualitative Study of Black Women’s Experiences in Drug Abuse and Mental Health Services

Little is known about black women’s perceptions of service barriers in mental health and substance treatment. This article reports the findings of a qualitative study that explored the perceptions of 29 black women who received treatment in a small urban Northeastern city. Findings of the focus group data revealed participants’ experiences of services as discussed through the themes of bias and stigma; incompatible perspectives of wellness versus illness between consumer and provider; consumer mistrust; and holistic wellness. Participants endorsed counseling as a treatment strategy but were adverse to the use of medication. Practice and research implications are discussed.
Biological Evidence for Dual Antiangiogenic – Antiaromatase Activity of the VEGF-R Inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584.

Background: Targeting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Estrogen Receptor (ER) signaling pathways concomitantly may provide enhanced therapeutic benefit in ER positive breast cancer. We have previously shown the VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK/ZK) is a competitive aromatase inhibitor in vitro (Banerjee et al Cancer Res 2009 69: 4716-4723). Here we investigated whether (1) PTK/ZK shows both anti-angiogenic and aromatase inhibitory properties in in vivo models of ER positive breast cancer and (2) the combination of PTK/ZK and letrozole (LET) is superior to letrozole alone.Methods: Human breast cancer cell lines were engineered to express aromatase. Both MCF7 AROM1 (ER+HER2-) and BT474 AROM3 (ER+, HER2+) cells were grown as subcutaneous xenografts with androstenedione support in ovariectomized, nude mice. Mice bearing MCF7 AROM1 or BT474 AROM3 tumors were randomised to receive daily, by oral gavage, concentrations of vehicle, PTK/ZK (25, 50, or 100mg/kg), letrozole (1 mg/kg) or PTK/ZK (50mg/kg) in combination with letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 28 days. Mice were injected with FITC-lectin prior to sacrifice at weekly intervals. Tumor sections were stained for Ki67, apoptosis (TUNEL), CD31 and PgR. Mice bearing BT474 AROM3 xenografts were also treated twice daily with either vehicle or 50 mg/kg PTK/ZK for 3 days and uteri were then weighed and TFF1 and mRNA expression determined.Results: In MCF7 AROM1 xenografts, the daily growth rate was significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared to vehicle (p 50%) after 1 week with all treatments (p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5139.
Prognostic significance of PTEN and S100A4 expression in infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study

Introduction Breast cancer is considered to be a systemic disease, which means that most breast carcinoma metastasize before diagnosis of the primary lesion. S100A4, a member of the S100 family of proteins, is directly involved in driving the progression of metastatic disease. Genetic alteration of both phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) alleles occurs in almost all types of human cancers examined, with inactivation usually because of mutation accompanied by loss of heterozygosity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expressions of PIEN and S100A4 in human breast carcinoma and to evaluate their clinicopathological implications during the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. Materials and methods The expressions of PTEN and S100A4 in 55 cases of breast cancer were investigated immunohistochemically. Correlations between the expression of PTEN protein, S100A4, and clinicopathological features of breast cancers were analyzed. Results There were significantly negative correlations between the level of PTEN expression and histological grade and axillary lymph node status (P<0.05), but PTEN expression was not correlated with patients’ age and tumor size (P>0.05). PTEN expression showed a significant positive correlation with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression of breast. There were significantly positive correlations between the level of S100A4 expression and patients’ age and tumor size (all P<0.05), but S100A4 expression was not correlated with histologic grade or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). S100A4 expression showed a significant negative correlation with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression. The expression of PTEN protein in breast cancer showed a significantly negative correlation with the expression of S100A4. Conclusion The combined detection of PTEN and S100A4 may serve as an important index to estimate the pathobiological behavior and prognosis of breast cancer.
Posterior Fixation of Lumbar Burst Fractures. Comparison of Short Segment and Long Segment Pedicle Fixation

15 Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine | Serkan Bilgic1, Tolga Ege2, Omer Ersen3, Kenan Koca3, Erbil Oguz3, Ali Şehirlioglu3 1GATF Acil Tip Anabilim Dali, Ankara 2 Van Asker Hastanesi Bastabip Yardimciligi, Van, 3 GATF Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dali, Ankara , Turkiye. Lomber Patlama Kiriklarinda Posterior Fiksasyon Posterior Fixation of Lumbar Burst Fractures Lomber Patlama Kiriklarinda Posterior Fiksasyon. Kisa Segment ve Uzun Segment Pedikul Fiksasyon Karsilastirmasi
Comparison of Continuous Three-in-One Block and Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Postoperative Pain after Total Knee Replacement

Background: Severe postoperative pain can delay knee rehabilitation and prolong the duration of convalescence after a total knee replacement (TKR). This study compared a continuous 3-in-1 block using a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) technique and IV PCA for analgesia after a unilateral TKR. Methods: Forty patients scheduled for an elective TKR under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received an IV PCA with butorphanol and ketorolac. Group 2 received a continuous 3-in-1 block performed with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and epinephrine 1：200,000, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine through a femoral catheter at a rate of 2 ml/h plus 1 ml PCA boluses of a lockout time of 10 min. The level of pain was assessed at rest and during continuous passive motion using a visual analog scale (VAS). The VAS pain scores, nausea and vomiting were recorded in the postanesthetic care unit, at 6 PM on the day of operation, and at 8 AM and 6 PM on postoperative days 1 and 2, respectively. The duration of surgery, anesthesia time, blood loss, and hospital stay were compared. Results: The patients in Group 2 reported lower VAS pain scores than those in Group 1 (P ＜ 0.05). The duration of surgery, nausea and vomiting, blood loss, and hospital stay were similar in the two groups except for the anesthesia time. Conclusions: A continuous 3-in-1 block with a PCA technique provides better pain relief than IV PCA with butorphanol and ketorolac after TKR.
Equating the Nurse's Economic Rewards with the Service Given

In a society that pays astronomical sums to entertainment celebrities and cosmetic company executives, yet renders such professions as teaching and nursing economically impotent to recruit, it is useless to consider equating economic rewards with service. It is unprofessional, this author points out, not to equate nursing's economic rewards with realistic economic forces and achieve them by speaking out, united, to demand better salaries, better status, and better patient care.
Argon Laser and Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Diabetic Retionopathy

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine and argon laser in the treatment of diabetic retionopathy(DR) Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ stage.Method:Forty-six patients with DR Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴstage were divided into 2 groups,both 2 groups suffered from photocoagulation treatment,in process of treatment,the dosage was adjusted at any time with the minimum output power reaching Ⅱ grade of spot was advisable.The treatment group received combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and argon laser,for follow up period of 6-12 months,to observe the change of two group after treatment,vision,eyeground and fundus fluorescence angiography after treatment.Result: For two groups patients vision was improved,retinal microaneurysm,hemorrhage and exudation area were markedly reduced,but treatment group was better than control group,fundus fluorescence angiography in treatment group was obviously improved than befor therapy,and better than control group.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine and argon laser seems to be more effective in treatment of DR Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴstage by improving retinal microcirculation,increasing metabolize,and promoting the absorb of hemorrhage and effusion as supplement of argon laser.
Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities, Data User's Guide

Intestinal helminths—including hookworm, roundworm, whipworm, and schistosomiasis—infect more than one-quarter of the world’s population. Studies in which medical treatment is randomized at the individual level potentially doubly underestimate the benefits of treatment, missing externality benefits to the comparison group from reduced disease transmission, and therefore also underestimating benefits for the treatment group. We evaluate a Kenyan project in which school-based mass treatment with deworming drugs was randomly phased into schools, rather than to individuals, allowing estimation of overall program effects. The program reduced school absenteeism in treatment schools by one-quarter, and was far cheaper than alternative ways of boosting school participation. Deworming substantially improved health and school participation among untreated children in both treatment schools and neighboring schools, and these externalities are large enough to justify fully subsidizing treatment. Yet we do not find evidence that deworming improved academic test scores.
Disaster Social Service Volunteers

This article presents the results of an evaluation of a volunteer training program that prepares participants to enter postdisaster settings to work with affected children and families. The evaluation, which uses a knowledge-skills-attitudes (KSA) approach, draws on the results of a telephone survey with 46 randomly selected program volunteers. Volunteers reported statistically significant knowledge gains in the three primary training areas: program-specific knowledge, disaster-specific knowledge, and child-specific knowledge. The respondents who had deployed to a disaster after becoming a certified volunteer connected three major training goals to their skills in the field. Specifically, they recalled and used training materials in terms of helping facilitate children’s play, setting up and running a disaster child care center, and remaining flexible and adaptable in the highly uncertain postdisaster context. The research also revealed uniformly positive attitudes toward the trainers who conduct the 27-hour training sessions and high levels of satisfaction with the program itself. The article concludes with recommendations for further improving the program and discusses ways that universities can work with nonprofit disaster relief organizations to ensure timely and effective program evaluations.