Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional nanoarchitecture of Sn–Sb–Co alloy as an anode of lithium-ion batteries with excellent lithium storage performance

A novel nanoarchitectured Sn–Sb–Co alloy electrode is reported, which was prepared by direct electrodeposition on a Cu nanoribbon array in order to target the rapidly fading capacity and the poor rate-capability issues of Sn based materials for Li-ion batteries. The SEM images indicate a three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectured Sn–Sb–Co alloy with an array structure. Electrochemical measurements show that the 3D nanoarchitectured Sn54Sb41Co5 alloy electrode exhibits a reversible capacity as high as 512.8 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C (1 C = 650 mA g−1) after 150 cycles. Furthermore, the 3D nanoarchitectured Sn54Sb41Co5 anode can deliver a high reversible capacity (275 mA h g−1) up to the 80th cycle at a high discharge–charge rate of 23 C (∼15 A g−1). These outstanding electrochemical properties are attributed to the unique nanoarchitectures of the Sn54Sb41Co5 electrodes, making them an excellent anode material.
Errors in UV reflectivity and albedo calculations due to neglecting polarization

Ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer of the atmosphere is becoming increasingly important for the determination of ozone concentrations from space (cf., e.g., the new satellite instruments GOME on board ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY on board Envisat-1). By measuring the shape of the ozone Huggins bands, which are situated from about 310 to 340 nm, accurate ozone column and profile detection is possible in principle. In the retrieval procedure, based on radiative transfer calculations of atmospheric UV reflectivity, polarization is usually neglected. However, this may introduce an appreciable error, because in the UV molecular (Rayleigh) scattering, which can yield a high degree of polarization, is the dominant scattering process. In this study the magnitude and spectral dependency of the reflectivity error in the Huggins bands due to neglecting polarization has been investigated. The maximum relative error in the nadir reflectivity is of the order of 5%. Furthermore, the error shows the structure of the Huggins bands, amounting to about 1% in the relative reflectivity. This has implications for the retrieval of ozone column and profile. The UV albedo has been found to be in error by at most about 2% when polarization is neglected. This is contrary to the usual assumption that angularly integrated quantities are not influenced by neglection of polarization in molecular scattering atmospheres.
Unusual magnetic properties of graphene and related materials

High-temperature ferromagnetism in graphene and other graphite-derived materials reported by several workers has attracted considerable interest. Magnetism in graphene and graphene nanoribbons is ascribed to defects and edge states, the latter being an essential feature of these materials. Room-temperature ferromagnetism in graphene is affected by the adsorption of molecules, especially hydrogen. Inorganic graphene analogues formed by layered materials such as BN and MoS2 also show such ferromagnetic behaviour. Magnetoresistance observed in graphene and graphene nanoribbons is of significance because of the potential applications.
Properties of a Graphene Oxide-Balofloxacin Composite and Its Effect on Bacteriostasis

A novel graphene oxide-balofloxacin nanocomposite was synthesized, and the loading and release behavior of fluorescent antibacterial balofloxacin on graphene oxide was investigated. The surface morphologies of the nanocomposite were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, and the amount of balofloxacin loaded on graphene oxide reached 160.3 mg/g at the initial balofloxacin concentration of 8.51 µg/ml. The graphene oxide and balofloxacin nanocomposite showed the advantage of a longer release time than many current developed nanoscaled drug carriers, which was probably due to the hydrogen bonding interaction between graphene oxide and balofloxacin. The study of the release liquid of e. coli in vitro bacteriostasis suggests that the graphene oxide-balofloxacin nanocomposite has a superior effect against e. coli.
The Surface Characteristics of Chitosan Modified PSt-GMA Microspheres Influenced the Interactions and Properties of Immobilized Pepsin

The surface characteristics of carriers outstandingly influence the application of immobilized enzymes. Because of its biocompatible and multi-functional groups, chitosan was introduced into poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PSt-GMA) microspheres with/without spacer-arms. Pepsin was immobilized onto these microspheres by a simple and mild process, and then its enzymatic activity was evaluated. As for the different modified microspheres, the interactions between the carrier and enzyme molecules would be different, influencing the immobilized system. The experimental results suggested that the optimal pH for immobilized enzyme was close to the optimal reaction pH of free enzyme. It was also found that the Freundlich model fit the immobilized process better than the Langmuir model. In addition, pepsin immobilized onto chitosan modified microspheres (CMM, M3-M4) possessed a higher affinity to substrate, hemoglobin. Compared to free pepsin, the optimal reaction temperature of immobilized pepsin onto modified microspheres (M2-M4) shifted toward higher temperature. Furthermore, the thermal and storage stabilities of pepsin after immobilization were enhanced, particularly for pepsin immobilizing onto CMMs. The pepsin linked onto M3/M4 still retained approximately 70% of enzymatic activity after storing 50 days, compared to below 20% for free pepsin. In a word, CMMs provide more interactions and biocompatible surface for immobilized enzymes.
Investigating two unresolved issues in fuzzy front end execution

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Chain Degradation during Dissolution of Polymer-Fullerene Nanocomposites as a Result of Interaction of Entangled Polymer Matrix with the Filler

Chain degradation of poly(α-methylstyrene) and polystyrene during dissolution of their nanocomposites with fullerene C60 in solvents of different quality with respect to fullerene was studied in detail by size exclusion chromatography and UV spectroscopy. Chain ruptures have been shown to arise during swelling of composites but only for samples with entangled polymer matrix. The data obtained confirm that the hindered mobility of chains because of interaction of the entangled matrix with fullerene is the only cause of degradation. Chain rupture leads to radical depolymerization accompanied by covalent binding of fullerene with the chain fragments, which results in changing of the polymer matrix structure. Chain degradation indicates deterioration of the mechanical properties of the polymers in the presence of C60. The possibility of chain degradation in polymer-filler nanocomposites under deformation with the simultaneous observation of an apparent reinforcement effect because of the addition of filler in the polymer matrix is discussed.
Effect of NH 4 F concentration in electrolyte on the fabrication of TiO 2 nanotube arrays prepared by anodisation

Highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) were prepared by anodisation in ethylene electrolytes containing 0.2–0.7 wt% NH4F. The dimension, chemical composition and optical characterisation of prepared TNTs were determined by the field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. Both the length and inner diameter of the prepared TNTs were increased with increasing NH4F concentration of electrolyte because of the faster electrochemical dissolution rate of TiO2. However, dimension of TNTs approached stable lengths and inner diameters as the NH4F concentration was higher than 0.3 wt%. The presence of Ti3+ state was observed for TNTs prepared with increasing NH4F concentration because of the charge compensation of the substitution of fluoride ions for oxygen ions. TNTs prepared in the electrolytes containing higher NH4F concentrations exhibited superior performance on the photocatalytic decomposition of Acid Red 4 possibly because more fluorides incorporated with TNTs to inhibit the recombination of electron–hole pairs.
Comparison of Preparation Methods for the Quantification of Ginsenosides in Raw Korean Ginseng

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different preparation methods on the recovery and quantification of ginsenosides in raw Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Eight major ginsenosides (Rb₁, Rb₂, Rb₃, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg₁) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after which the recovery and repeatability of the extraction of those ginsenosides using 3 different preparation methods were compared [A. direct extraction (DE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/direct dissolution; B. solid phase extraction (SPE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/C₁? cartridge adsorption/MeOH elution; C. liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/n-BuOH fractionation]. Use of the DE method resulted in a significantly higher recovery of total ginsenosides than other methods and a relatively clear peak resolution. Use of the SPE and LLE methods resulted in clearer peak resolution, but lower ginsenoside recovery than the DE method. The LLE method showed the lowest ginsenoside recovery and repeatability among the 3 methods. Given that the DE method employed only extraction, evaporation, and a dissolution step (avoiding complicate and time consuming purification), this technique may be an effective method for the preparation and quantification of ginsenosides from raw Korean ginseng.
Polar–nonpolar interconnected elastic networks with increased permittivity and high breakdown fields for dielectric elastomer transducers

Elastic materials with increased permittivity (e′) were obtained in a three-step process starting from a hydroxyl end-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of a high molecular weight (Mw = 139 kDa), trimethylsilyl end-blocked silicones that carry hydrosilane, cyanopropyl and hexyl groups Px (where x represents the mol% of cyanopropyl groups), and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The hydrosilane groups of Px were first hydrolyzed and the formed hydroxyl groups were subsequently reacted with partially hydrolyzed TEOS and further used as high e′ components, cross-linkers, and reinforcing agents for the PDMS matrix. A high wt% of the polar component Px was incorporated into the nonpolar PDMS matrix by forming interconnected networks. Thermal (DSC, DMA) and morphological investigations (SEM) show the biphasic morphology of the networks. The dielectric, mechanical, and electromechanical properties of the films were investigated. Materials with good elastic properties, increased e′, and a high breakdown field (Eb) were obtained. The best material has an elastic modulus of 800 kPa at 10% strain, an e′ = 4.5, and a maximum actuation strain of 8% at Eb = 56 V μm−1.
Surface Passivation and Antireflection Behavior of ALD on n-Type Silicon for Solar Cells

Atomic layer deposition, a method of excellent step coverage and conformal deposition, was used to deposit TiO2 thin films for the surface passivation and antireflection coating of silicon solar cells. TiO2 thin films deposited at different temperatures (200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C) on FZ n-type silicon wafers are in the thickness of 66.4 nm ± 1.1 nm and in the form of self-limiting growth. For the properties of surface passivation, Si surface is effectively passivated by the 200°C deposition TiO2 thin film. Its effective minority carrier lifetime, measured by the photoconductance decay method, is improved 133% at the injection level of cm−3. Depending on different deposition parameters and annealing processes, we can control the crystallinity of TiO2 and find low-temperature TiO2 phase (anatase) better passivation performance than the high-temperature one (rutile), which is consistent with the results of work function measured by Kelvin probe. In addition, TiO2 thin films on polished Si wafer serve as good ARC layers with refractive index between 2.13 and 2.44 at 632.8 nm. Weighted average reflectance at AM1.5G reduces more than half after the deposition of TiO2. Finally, surface passivation and antireflection properties of TiO2 are stable after the cofire process of conventional crystalline Si solar cells.
The effect of organic coatings on the cloud condensation nuclei activation of inorganic atmospheric aerosol

Atmospheric aerosols have mixed chemical composition, with a variety of inorganic (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and sodium) and organic species often present in a single particle. In the present study, we investigate experimentally the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation of submicron aerosol consisting of an inorganic core (e.g., ammonium sulfate) coated by an organic film, at typical atmospheric supersaturations. We use two types of organic coatings on the (NH4)2SO4 particles. The first is glutaric acid, a CCN active organic found in the atmosphere, and the second species is dioctylphthalate (DOP), a nonhygroscopic organic. The CCN activation of (NH4)2SO4-glutaric acid particles was measured at a supersaturation of 0.3%, for different inorganic core sizes and organic film thickness. We found that a coating of glutaric acid increases the CCN activation of an (NH4)2SO4 particle and that this behavior can be predicted by Kohler theory. The deviation from Kohler theory for the mixed aerosol was determined by comparing theoretical and experimental CCN activation diameters for the particles and was found to be within experimental error. A thick coating of DOP (at least 70% by mass) did not hinder the activation of (NH4)2SO4 particles at supersaturations of 0.5 and 1.0%. The values for the measured activation diameters for the DOP coated (NH4)2SO4 particles were within the experimental error determined by the pure inorganic experiments, indicating that DOP was most likely acting as inert mass during activation.
Rapid, accurate phase quantification of multiphase calcium phosphate materials using Rietveld refinement

Rietveld refinement has been employed to estimate the crystalline phase compositions of multiphase calcium phosphate mixtures containing calcium hydroxyapatite [Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH], and alpha and beta tricalcium phosphate [Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ]. Two methods were employed using fixed structural models for all three phases and refining the zero offset, scale factors, lattice parameters and one peak breadth parameter using either a constant background (method A) or a background with two refined parameters (method B). Analysis of a matrix of quantitative standards across a broad spectrum of phase compositions indicates that method A results in small systematic deviations of the Rietveld phase compositions (< 1 wt%) from the nominal values, but the systematic deviations are eliminated by refining the background (method B). The methods require approximately 10 min to complete, and are suitable for quality control of calcium phosphate production (and potentially other multiphase systems) when accuracy, precision and time are all significant considerations.
Gaseous Phase Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds on Granular Activated Carbon

The experimental set-up was designed to study the adsorption phenomena for the removal of VOCs (i.e., toluene and xylene) on commercially available granular activated carbon. Breakthrough curves were then drawn for both toluene and xylene under varying operating conditions. A mathematical model was also developed to predict the time-dependent (unsteady state) concentration profiles of the adsorbing species (VOCs) on a solid adsorbent under isothermal conditions. The non-linear coupled partial differential equations were discretized by using orthogonal collocation technique and the resulting ordinary differential equations were solved by using Gear's method. The mathematical model was found to be robust and experimental and its predicted results were found to be in good agreement. Simulations were then carried out to predict the behavior of breakthrough curves for toluene and xylene on granular activated carbon under varying operating conditions such as flow rate, particle diameter, pore diffusivity, bed height, and inlet concentration. Further sensitivity analysis was done to find the most sensitive parameter with respect to breakthrough time. In addition the concentration of VOC in the pores of the adsorbent particle and in the bulk phase was determined with the help of a mathematical model, and the performance of granular activated carbon was found to be better in adsorbing xylene in comparison to toluene when breakthrough curves were drawn for the same input parameters.
Evaluation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells Based on Composite Positive Electrode for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Applications IV. Over-Discharge Phenomena

Lithium-ion cells with composite positive electrodes are attractive and promising for EV and PHEV applications. For powertrain applications, the battery packs are required to have multiple-cell configurations, where some battery management is needed to protect cells from experiencing overcharging and overdischarging. Here, we show how to analyze the effect of slight overdischarge in a graphite || {LixMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 + LixMn2O4} cell, when it was overdischarged to 2.0 V. We found a peculiar behavior at low voltages that is imputable to the composite nature of the positive electrode. Under certain circumstances, due to differences in kinetic limitations in each of the constituents in the composite electrode, although LixMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 were discharged normally, LixMn2O4 could be overdischarged to Li2Mn2O4 and cause capacity fade. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0481509jes] All rights reserved.
MINIATURE QUADRUPOLE ARRAYS FOR RESIDUAL AND PROCESS GAS ANALYSIS

This paper includes computer simulations based on ray tracing to aid in the design of miniature quadrupoles. These quadrupoles are then assembled in a matrix-like pattern to operate in parallel. The tradeoffs between sensitivity and resolution for different mechanical and electrical configurations are examined using real-time trajectories of ions. The dependence of resolution versus sensitivity is computed and compared with experimental results. The pressure dependence of the sensitivity is simulated near the upper limit (mtorr range) of the operating pressure. Space charge effects at the inlet of the mass filter are evaluated to properly design electrode apertures and spacing. Using the results of ray tracing, miniature quadrupole arrays were designed and constructed. Performance parameters were derived from recorded spectra and compared with the computations. Since they are able to operate at higher pressures, these sensor-type devices are used as residual gas analyzers (RGAs) and as process gas analyze.
Lead(II)-Selective Membrane Electrode Based on Tetraphenylporphyrin

ABSTRACT A PVC membrane electrode for Pb2 ions based on tetraphenylporphyrin was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for lead ions over a wide concentration range (1.0 x 10−5-1.0 x 10−2 M). The limit of detection is 8.5 x 10−6M. It has a response time of 15 s and can be used for at least three months without any divergence in potential. The proposed electrode shows a fairly good discriminating ability towards Pb2 ion in comparison to some alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The electrode can be used in the pH range 5.0 to 7.5. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ion.
Produção e eficiência no uso de água do pimentão submetido a diferentes lâminas de irrigação e níveis de nitrogênio. DOI: 10.7127/rbai.v6n300086

The work was conducted in the city of Sobral, CE, and aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen rates and different water depths in production in pepper cv. Magali R hybrid, grown in a greenhouse. A total of 96 plastic pots up to 15 dm-3, which was filled with substrate (the name of the substrate). The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 4 factorial, with 6 repetitions. Treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation, based on evaporation Tank Class A (ECA) (50, 75, 100 and 125% ECA) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose) with an irrigation system located type with a drip emitter per pot, and the operating pressure of 10 mca with nominal flow rate of 4.0 L h-1. The increase in fruit production in response to N was proportionately greater in greater depths of water, ie in treatments N2, N3 and N4 there was a trend towards an increase in fruit production with increasing water depth. The highest yield was observed for treatment where he applied the greater water depth and higher dose of nitrogen (L4N4), corresponding to 927.25 mm and 40 kg ha-1 N.
Identification d'une nouvelle fonction oncogénique de BMI1 à travers la répression du gène suppresseur de tumeur CCNG2 : une fenêtre thérapeutique potentielle

BMI1 est une proteine appartenant a la famille des polycombs impliquee dans la regulation epigenetique de la transcription. Il a ete montre que cette proteine est essentielle a la regulation de la proliferation, de la senescence et du metabolisme ainsi qu’a l’auto-Renouvellement des cellules souches hematopoietiques et cancereuses. Ce represseur transcriptionnel au fort potentiel oncogenique est retrouve surexprime dans de nombreux types de cancer ; dans le cas de la Leucemie Myeloide Chronique (LMC) le niveau d’expression de BMI1 augmente avec l’aggravation de la pathologie. Cependant, les voies de signalisation impliquees dans sa surexpression et le role qu’il joue au sein de cette maladie demeurent meconnus. En reprimant l’expression de BMI1 par ARN interference nous avons pu mettre en evidence que ce polycomb etait essentiel a la proliferation cellulaire ainsi qu’au potentiel clonogenique des cellules de LMC. Nous avons egalement demontre pour la premiere fois que BMI1 soutenait la croissance tumorale a travers la repression d’un processus autophagique deletere pour la cellule cancereuse. Une approche transcriptomique nous a permis d’identifier la cible transcriptionnelle impliquee dans ce processus, la Cycline G2. Nous avons, pour finir, trouve une molecule, via une approche bioinformatique, capable de reinduire l’expression de la Cycline G2 dans les cellules de LMC, l’alexidine dihydrochloride. Cette molecule induit une forte autophagie dans les cellules cancereuses ainsi que de l’apoptose. Elle s’est egalement montree capable de resensibiliser a l’imatinib (un inhibiteur de BCR-ABL) une lignee pourtant resistante.