Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relación del riesgo cardiovascular global con el ácido úrico y algunos componentes del síndrome metabólico

Antecedentes: en los ultimos anos se ha debatido en cuanto al papel de acido urico como marcador independiente del riesgo cardiovascular y como posible componente del sindrome metabolico en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo: demostrar la asociacion entre las concentraciones de acido urico con el riesgo cardiovascular global, y su nexo con algunos componentes del sindrome metabolico en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Metodos: se realizo un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal basado en 350 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 70 anos que fueron reclutados consecutivamente de una consulta para personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Se estudiaron variables sociodemograficas, antecedentes patologicos personales, mediciones antropometricas y tension arterial, asi como las concentraciones de glucosa, insulina, lipidos, creatinina y acido urico. El riesgo cardiovascular global fue evaluado mediante las tablas de Gaziano, que no emplea analisis de laboratorio. Resultados: la frecuencia de riesgo cardiovascular global moderado/alto fue de 20,6 % (72/350). Los individuos con riesgo cardiovascular global moderado/alto presentaron edades superiores, incremento en el indice de conicidad y de la tension arterial sistolica, asi como concentraciones elevadas de glucosa, colesterol, trigliceridos, creatinina y acido urico, que los individuos con riesgo cardiovascular global bajo. La frecuencia de personas con concentraciones de acido urico superior o igual al percentil 50 (296,5 mujeres y 365,0 hombres) fue superior en los individuos con riesgo cardiovascular global moderado/alto (62,5 % [45/72]) que en aquellos con riesgo cardiovascular global bajo (47,12 % [131/278], p= 0,014). De los sujetos con hiperuricemia, el 31,5 % (23/73) presento riesgo cardiovascular global moderado/alto, en cambio, en los individuos sin hiperuricemia, la frecuencia de riesgo cardiovascular global moderado/alto fue baja (17,7 % [49/277], p= 0,014). Conclusiones: el incremento de las concentraciones de acido urico se relaciono con un mayor riesgo cardiovascular global. Los sujetos con riesgo cardiovascular global moderado/alto mostraron niveles elevados de la mayoria de los componentes del sindrome metabolico, asi como de colesterol y acido urico. Este ultimo podria utilizarse como un factor de riesgo potencial de enfermedad cardiovascular a nivel de la atencion primaria de salud.
Noncontact NDT and Defect Imaging via Resonant Sonic Activation of Damage

A selective acoustic activation of defects based on the concept of Local Defect Resonance (LDR) enables to enhance considerably the intensity of defect vibrations and makes it possible to reduce the input acoustic powers to the levels permissible for noncontact nondestructive inspection. Since for cm-size defects in composite materials, the LDR frequencies lie in the low kHz-range the resonant noncontact activation shifts to an audible frequency range and is provided by conventional sonic equipment. In this paper, a feasibility of the resonant noncontact inspection is validated for the most “problematic” methodologies of nonlinear, thermosonic and shearosonic NDT that usually require an elevated acoustic power and, therefore, a reliable contact between the specimen and the transducer. In contrast, the noncontact versions developed employ commercial loudspeakers which can simultaneously insonify large areas and applied for a contactless sonic inspection of different materials and various scale components.
Relationships Between Self-Construal and Verbal Promotion

This study examined the relationships between self-construal and verbal promotion. U.S. American college students (N = 196) completed Kim and Leung's (1997) self-construal scale. Forty-three students with extreme scores on the scale's two dimensions of independence and interdependence subsequently participated in a brief phone interview for the possibility of receiving an award of recognition and money. Participants' interview responses were content coded for the amount of self-promotion (extolling one's own attributes) and others-promotion (extolling significant others' contributions to self-success). Self-promotion was positively associated with an independent self-construal but negatively related to an interdependent self-construal. Others-promotion was positively associated with an interdependent self-construal but negatively related to an independent self-construal. The results highlight the importance of self-construal in predicting verbal promotion.
Maternal age‐specific risks for trisomies at 9—14 weeks' gestation

This study provides data on the incidence of fetal trisomies 21, 18, and 13 at 9–14 weeks' gestation in women aged 35–45 years and estimates of maternal age‐specific risks in women aged 20–45 years. Our data from 5814 singleton pregnancies undergoing first‐trimester karyotyping for the sole indication of maternal age ⩾ 35 years were combined with those from two previous reports and the incidence of the trisomies was calculated from a total of 15 793 pregnancies. Comparison of incidences at 9–14 weeks' gestation with published data at 15–20 weeks' gestation and in livebirths demonstrated that at birth the maternal age‐specific incidence of trisomy 21 is 33 per cent lower than at 15–20 weeks' gestation and 54 per cent lower than at 9–14 weeks' gestation. Furthermore, the relative frequency of trisomies 18 and 13 decreases from 30 per cent at 9–14 weeks to 22 per cent at 15–20 weeks and 14 per cent at birth.
Proposal of the polymer chain alignment model

Four important models for explaining the properties that are observed in polymer based nanocomposites are the multi-core model, the intensity model, the interphase volume model and the double layer model. This paper outlines a new model, based on those four, which aims to explain certain properties that are considered unique to nanocomposites. The idea behind the polymer chain alignment model is that the material properties of nanocomposites strongly depend on processes prior to and during polymerization. It is assumed that a successful surface modification of nanoparticles leads to the formation of a rigid layer around each nanoparticle with properties differing from both host and filler material. The assumptions taken for the model were correlated with experimental data on epoxy based polymer nanocomposites.
Cancer du foie au Cambodge : état des lieux épidémiologiques, description des médecines traditionnelles utilisées et évaluation d'espèces médicinales sélectionnées

Le cancer du foie est le 6eme cancer le plus frequent et le 2eme plus meurtrier dans le monde. Au Cambodge, en raison du contexte historique et economique, les donnees precises concernant cette pathologie manquent. A l'aide d'outils epidemiologiques, nous avons decrit les caracteristiques de 553 patients atteints de cancer du foie a l'hopital Calmette a Phnom Penh, et ainsi mis en evidence l'importance de l'infection par les virus des hepatites B et C chez les sujets etudies. Puis, nous avons documente les connaissances de 42 de ces patients vis-a-vis de leur maladie. Nous avons detaille leurs itineraires therapeutiques, mis en evidences des pratiques a risques (forte utilisation d'injections therapeutiques et de techniques de dermabrasion), et le recours frequent a des medecines dites traditionnelles. Nous avons ensuite tente de comprendre les strategies de prise en charge des patients souffrant de maladies hepatiques par les medecins traditionnels, et mis en evidence la variete des remedes utilises et l'importance de la perception khmere des proprietes des plantes. Enfin, a l'aide d'un modele in vitro de culture de cellules cancereuses hepatiques couple a des outils d'analyse metabolomique, nous avons evalue 10 especes medicinales, selectionnees sur des criteres bibliographiques et de terrain, et tente d'identifier les composes potentiellement responsables de l'activite antiproliferative observee.
Role of small diameter afferents in reflex inhibition during human muscle fatigue.

1. Previous work has shown that the H reflex excitability of the human soleus motoneurones is reduced during fatigue and is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in electromyographic (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary contractions. These findings were consistent with the existence of a reflex whereby alpha‐motoneurones are inhibited by sensory input from the fatigued muscle. 2. To elucidate the contribution of different‐sized afferents in such reflex inhibition, compression of the sciatic nerve was used in an attempt to block large myelinated afferents prior to fatigue. 3. Fatigue of the soleus muscle was induced under ischaemic conditions by intermittent electrical stimulation at 15 Hz in ten healthy subjects. These subjects also participated in a control test in which the compression block was followed by ischaemia without fatigue. 4. Following nerve compression alone, both the mean maximal plantarflexion torque and the associated EMG for all ten subjects declined by 18.8 +/‐ 16.2% (S.D.) and 13.4 +/‐ 17.2%, respectively. 5. Following fatigue, there were five subjects in whom the large afferents remained blocked and the experimental findings were consistent with the existence of reflex inhibition during fatigue. The mean maximal plantarflexion torque decreased further by 36.2 +/‐ 7.6% from the value following the compression block compared to a decrease of 5.0 +/‐ 9.9% in the ischaemia control. The mean EMG associated with these contractions also decreased from post‐block values by 56.8 +/‐ 19.6% following fatigue and by only 6.4 +/‐ 8.0% following ischaemia alone. 6. The peripheral excitability of the neuromuscular junction and muscle fibre membrane was adequate following fatigue as evidenced by only modest changes in the M wave (muscle compound action potential). The descending motor drive was deemed sufficient because of the absence of any large interpolated twitches superimposed upon the maximal voluntary contraction in all but two subjects. 7. The declines in maximal plantarflexion torque and the associated EMG activity were very similar to those found in a previous study in which the sensory input was unaltered. The findings demonstrated that any reflex inhibition of the alpha‐motoneurone pool during fatigue was probably not mediated by large diameter afferents. Rather, it is suggested that the reflex is mediated by smaller diameter afferents originating from the fatigued muscle.
Reduction of Highly Nonstationary Ambient Noise by Integrating Spectral and Locational Characteristics of Speech and Noise for Robust ASR

This paper proposes a new multi-channel noise reduction approach that can appropriately handle highly nonstationary noise based on the spectral and locational features of speech and noise. We focus on a distant talking scenario, where a 2-ch microphone array receives a target speaker’s voice from the front while it receives highly nonstationary ambient noise from any direction. To cope well with this scenario, we introduce prior training not only for the spectral features of speech and noise but also for their locational features, and utilize them in a uniﬁed manner. The proposed method can distinguish rapid changes in speech and noise based mainly on their locational features, while it can reliably estimate the spectral shapes of the speech based largely on the spectral features. A ﬁlter-bank based implementation is also discussed to enable the proposed method to work in real time. Experiments using the PASCAL CHiME separation and recognition challenge task show the superiority of the proposed method as regards both speech quality and automatic speech recognition performance.
End-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis: CT findings of hepatic morphology in 36 patients.

PURPOSE To determine if there is a significant difference in the hepatic morphology depicted on computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with end-stage cirrhosis caused by primary sclerosing cholangitis versus that in patients with end-stage cirrhosis caused by other factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The frequency of five morphologic findings of the liver parenchyma and two intrahepatic biliary findings identified on CT scans in 36 patients with end-stage cirrhosis caused by primary sclerosing cholangitis were compared with the frequency of the same findings in 472 patients with end-stage cirrhosis caused by other factors. The morphologic findings were lobulation of the liver contour, atrophy of the lateral or posterior hepatic segments, hypertrophy of the caudate lobe, and pseudotumor of the caudate lobe. Lobulation, atrophy, and hypertrophy were subclassified as mild-moderate or severe. The biliary findings were ductal dilatation and calculi. RESULTS Each of the 11 findings occurred more frequently (P < .05) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis than in the other 472 patients. Six findings occurred more frequently (P < .05) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis than in patients with cirrhosis caused by any other single agent. CONCLUSION There is a significant difference in the hepatic morphology observed in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis-induced end-stage cirrhosis versus that in patients with end-stage cirrhosis of other causes.
Region‐specific changes in sympathetic nerve activity in angiotensin II–salt hypertension in the rat

It is now well accepted that many forms of experimental hypertension and human essential hypertension are caused by increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. However, the role of region‐specific changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in the pathogenesis of hypertension has been difficult to determine because methods for chronic measurement of SNA in conscious animals have not been available. We have recently combined indirect, and continuous and chronic direct, assessment of region‐specific SNA to characterize hypertension produced by administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) to rats consuming a high‐salt diet (Ang II–salt hypertension). Angiotensin II increases whole‐body noradrenaline (NA) spillover and depressor responses to ganglionic blockade in rats consuming a high‐salt diet, but not in rats on a normal‐salt diet. Despite this evidence for increased ‘whole‐body SNA’ in Ang II–salt hypertensive rats, renal SNA is decreased in this model and renal denervation does not attenuate the steady‐state level of arterial pressure. In addition, neither lumbar SNA, which largely targets skeletal muscle, nor hindlimb NA spillover is changed from control levels in Ang II–salt hypertensive rats. However, surgical denervation of the splanchnic vascular bed attenuates/abolishes the increase in arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance, as well as the decrease in vascular capacitance, observed in Ang II–salt hypertensive rats. We hypothesize that the ‘sympathetic signature’ of Ang II–salt hypertension is characterized by increased splanchnic SNA, no change in skeletal muscle SNA and decreased renal SNA, and this sympathetic signature creates unique haemodynamic changes capable of producing sustained hypertension.
Intramammary infections in primigravid heifers near parturition.

Mammary secretion from 32 primigravid heifers was obtained aseptically to determine frequency of bacterial isolation and incidence of intramammary infection near parturition. Quarter samples were collected 14 and 7 days prior to expected parturition, at parturition, and 7 and 14 days postparturition. Analysis of culture data indicated that 77.1% of samples were bacteriologically negative, and 15.7% contained coagulase negative staphylococci, 4.4% streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, 3.8% coliforms, . 8% coagulase positive staphylococci, and . 1% Corynebacterium bovis. Frequency of bacterial isolation was highest in samples obtained prior to and at parturition. Thirty-five of 128 quarters were infected at parturition. Twenty-six of the 35 infections were caused by coagulase negative staphylococci, 4 by streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, 4 by coliforms, and 1 by coagulase positive staphylococci. Twenty infections were observed during the early postpartum period. Coagulase negative staphylococcal infections decreased markedly. However, the number and type of primary pathogen infections during early lactation were similar to those at parturition.
Synthesis of double-fluorescent labeled prion protein for FRET analysis

An abnormal form of prion protein (PrP) is considered to be the pathogen in prion diseases. However, the structural details of this abnormal form are not known. To characterize the non-native structure of PrP, we synthesized position-specific double-fluorescent labeled PrP for a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiment. Using FRET, we observed a conformational change in the labeled PrP associated with amyloid fibril formation. The FRET analysis indicated that the distance between fluorescent labeled N- and C-terminal sites of PrP increased upon the formation of amyloid fibrils compared with that of the native state. This approach using FRET analysis is useful for elucidating the structure of abnormal PrP. Graphical abstract The double-fluorescent labeled PrP is a useful for analyses of the structure and the formation of amyloid fibrils or PrPSc by using FRET.
Effects of food deprivation and refeeding on cockerels and pullets red blood cell parameters and total antioxidative status

Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen geht hervor, dass es 24 h nach der erneuten Futterung zu einer signifikanten Verminderung der Erythrozytenzahl, Hamatokritwerte und Hamoglobinkonzentration im Blut von Junghahnen und Junghennen kam. Die Veranderungen der Erythrozytenindizes wurden nur bei Junghahnen festgestellt. Mittleres korpuskulares Volumen stieg 24 h nach der erneuten Futteraufnahme signifikant an, wahrend sich mittlerer korpuskularer Hamoglobingehalt nach 48 h Fasten signifikant verminderte, und die Verminderung der mittleren korpuskularen Hamoglobinkonzentration wurde 24 h nach der erneuten Futteraufnahme festgestellt. Die Konzentration des totalen antioxidativen Status im Blutplasma von Junghahnen wurde nach 48 h Fasten signifikant vermindert, blieb aber nach der erneuten Futterung bei ahnlichen, wesentlich niedrigeren Werten im Vergleich zur Kontrolle. Die Konzentration des totalen antioxidativen Status im Blutplasma der Junghennen fiel nach der erneuten Futterung auf unmessbare Werte ab. Bei Junghennen wurde normozytare normochrome Anamie und bei Junghahnen makrocytare hypochrome Anamie festgestellt.
Further studies of the morphology of Treponema pallidum under the electron microscope.

In previous papers (Ovcinnikov and Delektorskij, 1963, 1966a, b, c), we presented the results of research on the morphology of Treponema pallidum. The present paper contains further mgterial on this subject. We are unable to give a definite explanation of the functional significance of a number of morphological findings, but shall nevertheless discuss these findings since the structures observed have not previously been described in the literature. Further information is also given on the structure of the fibrillar system of the treponemes. Particular attention is given to the shedding of "termina bodies". Some data are also given concerning the structure of Leptospira and Borrelia. The methods of work were the same as those already described. In electron-microscope studies of preparations processed by the negative-contrast method it sometimes happens that the contrast substance does not reach the body of the treponeme. This suggests that the treponeme is surrounded by an envelope or casing, possibly of a mucous nature, which hinders penetration of the contrast mass into the treponeme. This is clearly visible in Figs 1 and 2 and it can be said with great confidence that the body of the treponeme is surrounded by quite a wide "mucoid casing" (co). Depending on conditions that have so far not been elucidated, the casing may be thicker or thinner. It is possibly protective in function and may not be a constant feature. It occurs mainly when the treponeme is exposed to
Potencialidades y dificultades de incorporar la novela como contexto en clase de ciencias

El objetivo de este artículo es discutir las potencialidades y dificultades de incorporar la novela como contexto en las clases de ciencias así como los factores que interfieren en ello, desde la perspectiva de la alfabetización científica. Con este fin se realiza una revisión bibliográfica acerca del uso de narrativas en clase de ciencias que se discute mediante entrevistas con 10 profesionales relacionados con la literatura, las ciencias y la educación. El análisis de las entrevistas muestra que el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades y la superación de las dificultades depende mayoritariamente de factores relativos al profesorado. Se concluye que el uso de novelas en clase de ciencias puede ser una oportunidad siempre que se incorporen algunos cambios como: asociar el aprendizaje de las ciencias a la promoción de la alfabetización científica, valorar la colaboración entre profesores de ciencia y lengua y promover la implicación personal del profesorado de ciencias en la lectura de novelas.
Sodium-hydrogen exchange in renal epithelia: mechanisms of acute regulation

Five isoforms of sodium-hydrogen exchangers are present in the kidney. Specific isoforms serve specialized functions and are strategically located in polarized distributions in different nephron segments. This review updates understanding of the renal distribution and highlights some of the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of acute regulation of sodium-hydrogen exchangers in the kidney.
Having a Jolly Good Time—Together!

What’s in a word? “Hybridization” is easy to say (for professors) but carries surprisingly deep meaning from an evolutionary viewpoint. Cliff Jolly’s research contributions have included important work and thought on the nature of baboon diversity and interactions. Hybridization among baboon subspecies reflects compatible genes for many different physical and behavioral traits, essentially all traits, each of them complex. Modern developmental genetics has shown that a few general principles characterize the phenogenetic logic by which genes assemble embryos and maintain the complex traits and abilities of organisms, including behavior. How cooperative viability is maintained while complex adaptive traits evolve and populations diverge is a question we can begin to answer more definitively than has been possible before. A careful look leads us to challenge the nature of the Darwinian explanations that have been the standard for more than a century.
Chapter 1 General Introduction : Advances in Hepatic Surgery

Hepatic resection is a commonly performed procedure for a variety of malignant and benign hepatic tumours [1, 2]. Historically, liver resection, irrespective of the indication, was associ‐ ated with a high morbidity and mortality [2-4]. During the last decades however, perioperative outcome after hepatic resection has improved, due to increased knowledge of liver anatomy and function, improvement of operating techniques and advances in anaesthesia and postop‐ erative care [1, 3, 4].