Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reverse-query diffusion over unstructured overlay network for content delivery

When a P2P client requests content it is difficult to diffuse its broadcast without causing a query explosion. By applying percolation theory to diffuse newly defined reverse-query messages over the unstructured P2P network, we propose a novel information delivery network architecture built over the existing unstructured P2P network. We analysed our algorithm and examine the validity of our model, which will cover more than 80% of all the clients, by relaying reverse-query messages under a probability as low as 10%. It is proven to be effective in reducing the total traffic generated by query propagation drastically. This architecture can be applied to building content sharing networks over the unstructured overlay network.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in white blood cell DNA and 1-hydroxypyrene in the urine from aluminum workers: relation with job category and synergistic effect of smoking.

We examined a group of 105 workers from a primary aluminum plant for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in their WBC and 1-hydroxypyrene in their urine. Workers were recruited from five job categories with different PAH exposure: the anode factory; the bake oven; and the electrolysis and the pot-relining departments. Unexposed workers from the foundry department served as the control group. The exposure to PAH was measured by personal monitoring, and the average PAH concentrations in the work atmosphere ranged from 0.4 micrograms/m3 in the foundry to 150 micrograms/m3 in the pot-relining department. The average exposure to benzo(a)pyrene was under the Swedish exposure limit of 5 micrograms/m3. The internal dose of pyrene was measured utilizing the 1-hydroxypyrene concentration in pre- and postshift urine samples. Higher exposure to PAH in the work atmosphere was associated with increased concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene in the urine. The average increase in concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene ranged from 0.2 mumol/mol creatinine in the control group to 5.9 mumol/mol creatinine in the pot-relining department; an accumulation of 1-hydroxypyrene over a 5-day working period was observed. A good correlation was found between PAH exposure and the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in the urine on a group level (rs = 0.90; P = 0.02). PAH-DNA adducts were determined by 32P-postlabeling analysis (nuclease P1 enrichment procedure). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immunofluorescence Tomography of Mouse Ocular Surface Epithelial Stem Cells and Their Niche Microenvironment.

PURPOSE Currently, there are no definitive immunomarkers for epithelial stem cells (corneal and conjunctival) or their poorly understood niche microenvironment. The H2B-GFP/K5tTA mouse enables visualization of label-retaining cells (LRCs), which exhibit the functional marker of stem cell quiescence. We used immunofluorescence tomography to evaluate putative stem cell markers and LRCs of the mouse ocular surface. METHODS H2B-GFP/K5tTA mice were pulsed for 56 days and then chased with doxycycline to label LRCs. Limbus and eyelid tissue was 3-dimensionally (3-D) reconstructed using immunofluorescence tomography to identify and characterize LRCs using the putative stem cell markers sox9, keratin 19, lrig1, blimp1, and abcb5. RESULTS After 28 days of chase, LRCs were localized to the entire limbus epithelium and, infrequently, the anterior limbal stroma. Label-retaining cells comprised 3% of limbal epithelial cells after 56 days of chase. Conjunctival LRCs were localized to the fornix and comprised 4% of the total fornix epithelial cells. No stem cell immunomarker was specific for ocular surface LRCs; however, blimp1 enriched for limbal basal epithelial cells and 100% of green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP+) cells at the limbus and fornix were found to be lrig1-positive. CONCLUSIONS Label-retaining cells represent a larger population of the mouse limbus than previously thought. They decrease in number with increased doxycycline chase, suggesting that LRC populations with different cell cycle lengths exist at the limbus. We conclude that current immunomarkers are unable to colocalize with the functional marker of epithelial stem cell quiescence; however, blimp1 may enrich for limbal epithelial basal cells.
Heteropolymers: A New Class of Therapeutics for Treating Lethal Bacterial and Viral Infections

Abstract : Heteropolymers (HPs) contain a MAb directed against the Complement Receptor type 1 (CR1) on primate RBCs, chemically cross-linked to MAbs that recognize pathogens. Upon administration of HPs pathogens are bound to the HP and immobilized on RBCs, which move through the circulation to the liver and spleen where the CR1-HP-pathogen complex is phagocytosed and destroyed by tissue macrophages. A unique feature of HPs is that the anti-pathogen MAb can be directed to a nonneutralizing epitope on the target organism. HPs are efficacious in treating lethal bacterial and viral infections and can be used as prophylactic for biowarfare agents.
Does Deposit Insurance Matter? Behavioral Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to observe the relationship between deposit insurance characterizations and behavioral aspects (i.e. time and risk preferences) towards withdrawal decisions under hypothesized economic shock. Our sample is drawn from 154 depositors in Indonesia, 42 percent of which is classified as prime depositors – those holding a significant amount of third-party fund in savings. The findings suggest that the above-mentioned aspects have significant influences on withdrawal decisions conditional on certain scenarios of economic shocks. Furthermore, we found evidence showing that not only deposit insurance characterizations influence initial withdrawals, it also have important implications in deterring the contagion effect of massive withdrawal that may lead to the case of bank runs.We discuss our findings in relevance to the current developments of banking sector and financial issues in Indonesia.
Smart grid governance: An international review of evolving policy issues and innovations

The electric power systems of many industrialized nations are challenged by the need to accommodate distributed renewable generation, increasing demands of a digital society, growing threats to infrastructure security, and concerns over global climate disruption. The “smart grid”—with a two‐way flow of electricity and information between utilities and consumers—can help address these challenges, but various financial, regulatory, and technical obstacles hinder its rapid deployment. An overview of experiences with smart grids policies in pioneering countries shows that many governments have designed interventions to overcome these barriers and to facilitate grid modernization. Smart grid policies include a new generation of regulations and finance models such as regulatory targets, requirements for data security and privacy, renewable energy credits, and various interconnection tariffs and utility subsidies.
Stat5 in the mammary gland: Controlling normal development and cancer

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat5) funnels extracellular signals of cytokines, hormones, and growth factors into transcriptional activity in the mammary gland. Postnatal development and functionality of this tissue is synchronized with the reproductive cycle. Consequently, Stat5 involvement in lobuloalveolar development, milk‐protein synthesis, or tissue remodeling is dictated by the particular reproductive stage. Latent deregulation of Stat5 activity during the reproductive cycle predisposes the tissue to tumorigenesis at a later stage, when the female is no longer fertile. Accumulating data from studies with mouse models and breast‐cancer specimens demonstrate a dual role for Stat5 in this context. It causes tumorigenesis, but delays metastasis progression. Consequently, Stat5 activity in breast‐cancer specimens marks a better prognosis for survival. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 305–313, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The DNP: Knowledge and perceptions of students in an accelerated master’s program in nursing

While the nursing community generally agrees that the Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree will strengthen nursing as an academic discipline, there is little known about students’ perceptions of the advanced degree. Nursing students enrolled in an accelerated master’s program in nursing (N = 45) were surveyed to assess their knowledge of the DNP degree while also identifying the perceived effect a DNP might have on their careers, on nursing as a discipline, and on public perceptions of nursing practice. In this study, 51% of participants supported the transition to the DNP as the standard degree for practice nursing while 29% were opposed. The majority of participants (71%) planned to pursue an advanced practice nursing degree/certification with 81% of this group signifying that they would do so even if a DNP is required. The majority of participants agreed that the DNP will improve public perception of advanced practice nursing, but 71% thought the title of “doctor” would confuse patients. While current nursing students are generally informed of the upcoming DNP transition, there is disagreement regarding its implications for their careers and for the extent of public understanding.
Challenges of Providing Quality Physical Education in Some Selected Public Secondary Schools of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the challenges in providing quality physical education , to compare the magnitude of these challenges in between the schools and to find out the relationship between challenges. This study utilized a descriptive crosssectional survey design. Hence, Questionnaire of 5-point forced rating scales (Strongly Agree (5), Agree (4), Neutral (3), Disagree (2) and Strongly Disagree (1) was designed and piloted in two (2) public secondary schools. Test-retest method was used to test the reliability and a correlation coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. The respondents were thirty (30) school administrators, thirty (36) physical education teachers and two hundred (200) students with the total of 266 subjects from 10 selected schools. Hence, the total of 266 questionnaire were distributed and with followups to each schools , 254 responses were received , a response rate of 95.5%. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used to confirm the internal consistency reliability between items on each challenges (r=0.74). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS Version 25. Descriptive statistics was used to show frequency and percentage of respondents back ground information, One-way ANOVA was computed to analyze the differences among challenges in selected schools and LSD post hoc was conducted to determine which schools differ from each other in relation to challenges , and Pearson product moment correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the three major challenges. The findings indicate that all selected schools have Institution-related, Teacher-related and Student-related challenges. ANOVA analysis revealed that there was statistically significant difference in institution-related, teacher-related and student-related challenges in between some schools. There also was a positive correlation between the institution-related challenges with teacher-related & student-related challenges, r = 0.46, P < 0.001, with N=254 , and the teacher-related challenges with studentrelated challenges ,r=0.41,P<0.01 with N=254.
DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA EM HÍBRIDOS DE SORGO CULTIVADOS SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE FÓSFORO, EM SOLUÇÃO NUTRITIVA

Os objetivos deste trabalho consistiram em identificar a presenca de diversidade genetica entre acessos de sorgo, em diferentes condicoes de disponibilidade de P, em solucao nutritiva, e determinar quais as caracteristicas que mais contribuiram para a discriminacao dessa divergencia. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetacao, num arranjo fatorial 9x4, sendo nove hibridos de sorgo e quatro doses de P (3, 32, 97 e 129µM de P/L de solucao nutritiva), sob delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com tres repeticoes. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e, posteriormente, ao estudo de dissimilaridade genetica, utilizando a matriz de distância generalizada de Mahalanobis e a contribuicao relativa das caracteristicas para a divergencia, pelo metodo de Singh (1981). Concluiu-se que a dose de 3µM de P/L de solucao apresentou valores discrepantes dos demais, sendo desconsiderados seu valores para analise de variância conjunta. Diferencas significativas para todas as caracteristicas avaliadas foram observadas entre os hibridos, nas doses de P analisadas (32, 97 e 129µM de P/L de solucao nutritiva). A concentracao de 97µM de P/L gerou o maior numero de grupos de genotipos. Entretanto, variabilidade genetica foi observada tambem nas demais doses de P. Sob as concentracoes de P avaliadas, verificou-se que a caracteristica massa seca total foi a que mais contribuiu para a expressao da dissimilaridade genetica entre os hibridos. O hibrido experimental 0735019 apresentou eficiencia e responsividade a utilizacao de P, demonstrando os maiores valores para as caracteristicas avaliadas nos diferentes niveis de P estudados.
DEVELOPING A BY-PRODUCT GAS SIMULATION MODEL TO ESTIMATE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES IN IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING

High production costs and low steel demands recently placed the South African steelmaking industry under severe pressure. The industry is forced to evaluate and improve its current systems to improve profitability. The dated sector can relieve stress by implementing technologies of the present age. This paper proposes a simulation model that can be used to test system improvement initiatives on the gas network. The iron and steel making process produces combustible gases. These gases are recovered as by-products and used as fuel gas in combination with natural gas and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). By-product gases are used to generate heat typically for furnaces or to generate additional electricity through an on-site power generation plant. This gas distribution network is kept safe by flaring excess by-product gas. The proposed simulation model was verified on a case study highlighting the difficulties in predicting by-product gas behaviour as well as the benefit that a gas distribution simulation model can have.
The Place of Oats in the Coeliac Diet

Since the discovery by Dicke (1950) that remarkable benefit followed the withdrawal of wheat and rye from the diet of the coeliac child, much work has been done on the significance of these and other foodstuffs in the coeliac syndrome. Few of these studies, however, involved oats, a food containing a prolamin similar to the gliadin of wheat which was proved to be injurious by van de Kamer, Weijers and Dicke (1953). In 1955, van de Kamer and Weijers suggested that the effects of various foodstuffs on the coeliac patient are related to their amide :non-amide nitrogen ratios and they compiled a list of foods arranged according to this ratio. In many respects their series agrees with the known effects of the foods in coeliac disease. Oats and oatflakes are of interest as they are placed on the margin between the harmful and non-harmful foods. Previous workers on oats, Dicke, Weijers and van de Kamer (1953), and van de Kamer et al. (1953), who fed the same child 140 g. oatmeal per day, and Hansted (1955), who gave one child 150 g. oatmeal per day, claim that such large intakes have some harmful effect. However, in another patient, 75 g. oatmeal per day produced only a slight increase in fat excretion (Hansted, 1955). The effect of still smaller amounts on two groups of three patients each was investigated by Sheldon (1955). The first group received 2 oz. (56 g.) oatmeal per day and the second 1 oz. (28 g.). Despite the short duration of his experiments, he concludes that oatmeal, at these more normal levels, has no ill effect on coeliac children. Frazer (1956) reports that his team found no deleterious effect of *oats, but details are not given. Hansted (1956a) suggests that either a high intake of oats for a short time or a small intake over an extended period is necessary to cause an increase equivalent to that produced by wheat in the fat excretion of coeliac children. Attention has been focused on this suggestion in the present investigation. Four cases only have been studied as the continuous fat balances necessary to demonstrate
Editorial: Stem cell engineering – discovery, diagnostics and therapies

Stem cell engineering - discovery, diagnostics and therapies: This Special Issue is edited by Brenda Ogle and Sean Palecek and is based on presentations from the Third International Conference on Stem Cell Engineering, co-sponsored by the Society of Biological Engineering and the International Society for Stem Cell Research, held in Seattle, WA from April 29-May 2, 2012.
Formation of clustered DNA damage after high-LET irradiation: a review.

Radiation can cause as well as cure cancer. The risk of developing radiation-induced cancer has traditionally been estimated from cancer incidence among survivors of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (1)) These data provide the best estimate of human cancer risk over the dose range for low linear energy transfer (LET) radiations, such as X- or gamma-rays. The situation of estimating the real biological effects becomes even more difficult in the case of high LET particles encountered in space or as the result of domestic exposure to alpha-particles from radon gas emitters or other radioactive emitters like uranium-238. Complex DNA damage, i.e., the signature of high-LET radiations comprises of closely spaced DNA lesions forming a cluster of DNA damage. The two basic groups of complex DNA damage are double strand breaks (DSBs) and non-DSB oxidative clustered DNA lesions (OCDL). Theoretical analysis and experimental evidence suggest an increased complexity and severity of complex DNA damage with increasing LET (linear energy transfer) and a high mutagenic or carcinogenic potential. Data available on the formation of clustered DNA damage (DSBs and OCDL) by high-LET radiations are often controversial suggesting a variable response to dose and type of radiation. The chemical nature and cellular repair mechanisms of complex DNA damage have been much less characterized than those of isolated DNA lesions like an oxidized base or a single strand break especially in the case of high-LET radiation. This review will focus on the induction of clustered DNA damage by high-LET radiations presenting the earlier and recent relative data.
The Perception of Reading Online News among University Students in Sub-Urban Area

In studying Internet, we need to take account for differences in places. This is because the Internet affords to show different patterns in which people in different types of places access and use the Internet. Meanwhile, many current studies proved that the Internet is changing the behavior of news readers. Instead of reading a copy of the local newspaper or watching the scheduled evening news, people increasingly turn to the Internet for daily news and this trend also included university students as one of the increasing readers. Therefore, we seek to explore how university students in suburban area differ in terms of the ways in which they read news, their levels of access to the Internet and the purpose of read online news. Findings suggested that few criteria must be considered in order to produce better online news in future. Keywords: readiness; reading; online news; sub-urban; students
The versatility of oligonucleotides as potential therapeutics

Oligonucleotides can in a variety of ways inhibit gene expression by interfering with translation. Oligonucleotides that are complementary to a target mRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, can prevent translation either by cleaving the target or by physically blocking the process. Additionally, oligonucleotides can correct the undesired splicing of pre-mRNA. RNA interference using double-stranded oligoribonucleotides also results in cleavage of the target mRNA. Catalytically competent ribozymes and DNAzymes can have the same effect. Even with no RNA as target, oligonucleotides can be selected as aptamers to bind to any protein to inhibit its activity. Moreover, oligonucleotides can act as decoys particularly for transcription factors to prevent binding to the promoter. A different mode of action is the activation of Toll-like receptors to induce an immune response. Several pathways for drug development are still in their infancy, for example microRNAs and antagomirs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New N-Glycosides of Pyridine-2,6-bis-Carboxamides Derivatives

ABSTRACT A series of novel pyridine-bridged 2,6-bis-carboxamide N-β-glycosides and Schiff's bases has been prepared starting from 2,6-bis-carboxamide pyridine hydrazide, which on treatment with appropriate monosaccharides, aromatic or heterocyclic aldehydes, and indoline-2,3-dione derivatives afforded the corresponding sugar hydrazones and pyridine-bridged 2,6-bis-carboxamide Schiff's bases.
The effect of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis on the vertical transmission of group B streptococci

Summary. Intrapartum chemoprophylaxis with benzylpenicillin or erythromycin significantly reduced the rate of transmission of group B streptococci (GBS) from mothers colonized during pregnancy to their babies from 45% to 3% (P<0.001). None of the babies born to women who were given prophylaxis was colonized with GBS in the first 24 h of life. Six weeks after leaving hospital, however, 23% of the babies in the antibiotic group had become colonized with GBS compared with 44% in the control group. GBS strains resistant and tolerant to both benzylpenicillin and erythromycin were found in this study. Intrapartum chemoprophylaxis breaks the cycle of GBS transmission at birth and may be useful in preventing early onset GBS disease, but is unlikely to affect late onset infections.
Brief report: Physicians’ initial management of acute low back pain versus evidence-based guidelines

BACKGROUND: Little information is available on physician characteristics and patient presentations that may influence complicance with evidence-based guidelines for acute low back pain.OBJECTIVE: To assess whether physicians’ management decisions are consistent with the Agency for Health Research Quality’s guideline and whether responses varied with the presentation of sciatica or by physician characteristics.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using a mailed survey.PARTICIPANTS: Participants were randomly selected from internal medicine, family practice, general practice, emergency medicine, and occupational medicine specialties.MEASUREMENTS: A questionnaire asked for recommendations for 2 case scenarios, representing patients without and with sciatica, respectively.RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty surveys were completed (response rate=25%). In cases 1 (without sciatica) and 2 (with sciatica), 26.9% and 4.3% of physicians fully complied with the guideline, respectively. For each year in practice, the odds of guideline noncompliance increased 1.03 times (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01 to 1.05) for case 1. With occupational medicine as the referent specialty, general practice had the greatest odds of noncompliance (3.60, 95% CI=1.75 to 7.40) in case 1, followed by internal medicine and emergency medicine. Results for case 2 reflected the influence of sciatica with internal medicine having substantially higher odds (vs case 1) and the greatest odds of noncompliance of any specialty (6.93, 95% CI=1.47 to 32.78), followed by family practice and emergency medicine.CONCLUSIONS: A majority of primary care physicians continue to be noncompliant with evidence-based back pain guidelines. Sciatica dramatically influenced clinical decision-making, increasing the extent of noncompliance, particularly for internal medicine and family practice. Physicians’ misunderstanding of sciatica’ natural history and belief that more intensive initial management is indicated may be factors underlying the observed influence of sciatica.