Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Outcome for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Iraqi Stroke Patients

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) comprise approximately 10% of all strokes with a thirty-day case fatality rate of 30% to 50%. Objectives: To determine potential early predictors of outcome within first week of primary intracerebral hemorrhage and to evaluate the influence of those various factors on the mortality and morbidity of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: 70 patients (48 men and 22 women) were admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital, between May 2009 and January 2011. They were diagnosed with supratentorial hemorrhage by brain CT. Total Serum cholesterol, the vital signs and the size of hematoma were arranged for each patient at the time of admission, then a modified Rankin scale (mRS) was calculated at the onset of this catastrophe. Result: Of the 70 patients (48 men and 22 women) consecutively admitted with ICH, 24 (38%) were died in the hospital: 31.5% on the first and second days and 82.5% by the fourth, fifth and sixth day of the event. The mRS outcome results were as follow: 8 (12.9%) good outcome mRS=2, 38 (62.9%) were dependent mRS=(3-5), 24 (34.3%) were died mRS=(6). Conclusion: High mortality and morbidity (high mRS scores value) were observed in patient with large hematoma size, low serum cholesterol, and high vital signs readings.
Seedling ecology of Garry oaks in British Columbia and dispersal of Garry oak acorns by Steller’s jays

Acorns of Garry oaks (Quercus garryana) in British Columbia are dispersed primarily by Steller’s jays (Cyanocitta stelleri). We conducted a planting experiment and observed caching by Steller’s jays to examine factors influencing acorn and seedling survival and to assess the role of the jays in oak regeneration. Almost all acorns cached by jays were hidden beneath ground cover or soil and thus protected from predation and desiccation. Steller’s jays preferred to cache acorns in habitats with abundant tree and shrub cover but sparse herb cover. Approximately 50% of the acorns were cached in these habitats, but seedling establishment was low because of acorn predation. The rest of the acorns were cached in other habitats. Some of these habitats provided conditions favourable for oak regeneration. Conservation of Garry oak ecosystems must incorporate strategies that will retain dispersal and regeneration processes.
MIC in Circulating Cooling Water System

MIC is one of the main problems of circulating cooling water system. The direct economic loss by MIC is about 300 to 500 billion dollars. It is good to understand MIC in order to control MIC. Source and species of microorganisms was introduced firstly. There are three kinds of microorganisms in the system, including bacteria, fungi and algae. Species of these microorganisms are shown in the paper. Then, mechanisms of MIC are analysed. Although there is no universal mechanism of MIC, MIC is still mainly an electrochemical corrosion in nature. Meanwhile, the mechanisms on SRB and iron bacteria are introduced in details. At last, several methods of microorganisms control are put forward in the paper.
Hierarchical Clustering of Trajectories with Sparse Grid Regression

This thesis describes a hierarchical clustering approach for trajectories approximated with sparse grid regression. Clusters are defined by a high density of points within a feature space, separated by regions with a low density. The points in feature space represent the trajectories, which have been transformed into this space by a metric, with several possible choices for a metric being discussed. The clustering is performed several times based on the level of the hierarchy, with the trajectories getting split into more and more segments with each level. The clustering results for each level are compared with the previous level to determine the optimal number of segments. The spare grid approximation was implemented in python using an extension of the SG++ framework, while the clustering uses the DBSCAN implementation of the scikit framework. Artificial data was used to verify the algorithm and real data was used to test it.
Enhancement of Power Quality UsingDynamic Voltage Restorer Based on E-ZSource Inverter

The device used to phase out voltage sags and a swell in the distribution lines is the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). The DVR can restore the load voltage within few milliseconds by injecting series voltage which is actually missing voltage in to system through series connected booster transformer, when it is subjected to voltage sags. Generally DVR can be connected to grid through inverter topologies such as Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) or Current Source Inverter (CSI). Tradition inverters (VSI /CSI) suffers from problem of limited output voltage(below dc link voltage), limitation on switching of upper and lower switches simultaneously and filter is needed to give sinusoidal output. All these problems get eliminated if embedded EZ-source inverter is used. This paper presents control strategy for DVR based on EZ source inverter. It has been observed that switching losses and harmonics are reduced drastically.
Government Size and Macroeconomic Stability: Sub-National Evidence from China

Both theoretical predictions of Keynesian view and a large body of empirical studies on developed countries suggest that business cycle fluctuations can be partially smoothed by counter-cyclical fiscal policies. Our paper extends this strand of literature by considering the nexus between output fluctuations and government size in the context of Chinese fiscal federalism. Using a sample of 29 Chinese provinces for the period of 1994-2007, we fail to provide consistent evidence for the stabilizing effect of fiscal policies. In particular, we find that under the tax assignment system (fen shui zhi), neither the central government’s fiscal transfers nor the provincial budgetary and extra-budgetary revenues help reduce economic volatility. Such results are shown to be robust across different model specifications, volatility measures and estimation techniques.
Relationship between Accounting Based Risk and Return: Analysis for Turkish Companies

Accounting based risk and return relationship is a relatively incomplete issue, which has mostly been studied under a separate framework from financial markets based risk and return. Researchers find different results for different classifications of companies/industries/time frames. This paper reports the cross-section and panel correlations between accounting risk and return for various industrial company size categories in Turkey. The goal is to show the direction and magnitude of the relationship. When standard deviation is used as a risk measure, significant correlations are typically positive for small & medium sized companies and large companies. The positive relationship is very strong when the performance measure is ROE. All significant correlations become negative for very large sized companies. For each size category, no difference is observed between low-performers and high-performers in terms of significant coefficient signs. However, when we look at the magnitude of coefficients, there are some substantial differences between size categories, and between performance categories. When the risk measure is total debt to total assets ratio, our results show significant negative association between return and risk for all company size categories.
The perils of single gene trees — mitochondrial versus single‐copy nuclear DNA variation in white‐eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)

Phylogenetic relationships among animal populations and species commonly have been inferred from patterns of variation observed within a single gene system, most often the mitochondrial genome. Analysis of restriction site variation in the mitochondrial DNA of two species of white‐eye (Zosterops lateralis and Z. lutea) in Australia produced a single gene tree that does not accurately represent the organismal tree. In contrast, patterns of variation at two anonymous, single‐copy nuclear DNA loci revealed a phylogeography consistent with traditional classification of the species. Discordance between mitochondrial DNA and single‐copy nuclear DNA variation is probably the result of past hybridization between Z. lateralis and Z. lutea, evidence of which has been lost from the nuclear genome by recombination. This study provides a clear empirical demonstration that single gene genealogies cannot be assumed to accurately represent the true phylogenies, and emphasizes the need for composite genetic analyses.
Restoration Silviculture: An ecophysiological perspective - Lessons learned across 40 years

Involvement in forest restoration programs across North America for the past 40 years, dealing with nursery cultural practices, operational seedling quality programs and defining seedling performance on restoration sites has given me a unique perspective, which I have used to examine programs from both a research and operational perspective. Certain biological patterns and themes continually appeared across these programs and this paper discusses five of the most common themes.Learning To Think Like a Tree â€“ It is important for practitioners to develop an understanding of the ecophysiological performance of tree species in a nursery or forest restoration program in order to understand how seedlings grow. This understanding leads to sound biologically based cultural decisions to improve seedling performance.Stress and the Cyclical Nature of Stress Resistance â€“ Seedlings are exposed to stress when environmental conditions limit their performance. Plants develop physiological resistance attributes to mitigate stress and these attributes change throughout the seasonal cycle. Practitioners have developed hardening cultural practices that enhance seedling stress resistance, thereby improving seedling quality and site restoration success.Seedling Quality: Product versus Process â€“ Seedling quality is an important component of successful restoration. Typically seedling quality is examined from a product perspective, thus defining functional integrity, operational grading or sometimes performance potential. An alternative approach monitors the process, with product quality the final output.Planting Stress and Seedling Establishment â€“ Planting stress is prevalent in forest restoration. The act of planting can result in a seedling that does not have proper connections for water movement through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). Seedling water stress, reduced growth performance and potentially death can occur if this SPAC connection is not restored.Seedling Death: Sometimes Simple and Sometimes Complicated â€“ Seedling death can occur in restoration programs as a result of environmental extremes or incorrect management practices. Some problems can be easy to diagnose and correct practices can be implemented to rectify the problem. Other times, issues are complicated and it can be a challenge to define the potential factors causing seedling death.
Negative‐Index Materials: New Frontiers in Optics

A lot of recent interest has been focused on a new class of materials, the so‐called left‐handed materials (LHMs) or negative‐index materials, which exhibit highly unusual electromagnetic properties and hold promise for new device applications. These materials do not exist in nature and can only be fabricated artificially; for this reason, they are called metamaterials. Their unique properties are not determined by the fundamental physical properties of their constituents, but rather by the shape and distribution of the specific patterns included in them. Metamaterials can be designed to exhibit both electric and magnetic resonances that can be separately tuned to occur in frequency bands from megahertz to terahertz frequencies, and hopefully to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article presents a short history of the field, describes the underlying physics, and reviews the experimental and theoretical status of the field at present. Many interesting questions on how to fabricate more isotropic LHMs, on how to push the operational frequency to optical wavelengths, how to reduce the losses, and how to incorporate active or nonlinear materials in LHMs remain to be explored further.
Narrow Focus on Pre-nominal Modifiersin Spanish: An Optimality-Theoretic Analysis

This paper presents an Optimality-Theoretic (Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004) analysis of presentational focus on pre-nominal modifiers in Spanish. In particular, it argues that evidence from contexts putting focus on a pre-nominal number or other modifier should lead us to revise how we conceptualize constraints on stress-focus correspondence. I propose that, rather than an absolute requirement that stress and focus correspond, stress and focus must be aligned as closely as possible. The discussion is laid out as follows. Section 2 presents the puzzle and new data. Section 3 discusses previous approaches to focus in Spanish and highlights why a refinement is necessary. Section 4 presents the analysis, and section 5 discusses its implications.
Cattail Invasion of Sedge/Grass Meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation Analysis of Sixteen Wetlands over Five Decades

ABSTRACT Photointerpretation studies were conducted to evaluate vegetation changes in wetlands of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River associated with regulation of water levels since about 1960. The studies used photographs from 16 sites (four each from drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands) and spanned a period from the 1950s to 2001 at roughly decadal intervals. Meadow marsh was the most prominent vegetation type in most wetlands in the late 1950s when water levels had declined following high lake levels in the early 1950s. Meadow marsh increased at some sites in the mid-1960s in response to low lake levels and decreased at all sites in the late 1970s following a period of high lake levels. Typha increased at nearly all sites, except wave-exposed open embayments, in the 1970s. Meadow marsh continued to decrease and Typha to increase at most sites during sustained higher lake levels through the 1980s, 1990s, and into 2001. Most vegetation changes could be correlated with lake-level changes and with life-history strategies and physiological tolerances to water depth of prominent taxa. Analyses of GIS coverages demonstrated that much of the Typha invasion was landward into meadow marsh, largely by Typha × glauca. Lesser expansion toward open water included both T. × glauca and T. angustifolia. Although many models focus on the seed bank as a key component of vegetative change in wetlands, our results suggest that canopy-dominating, moisture-requiring Typha was able to invade meadow marsh at higher elevations because sustained higher lake levels allowed it to survive and overtake sedges and grasses that can tolerate periods of drier soil conditions.
DVD Algorithm Based On Nearest Neighbor For WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks has augmented technological growth. Wireless networks collect critical data and transmit them to assist in taking decisions. The applications of WSNs can be in patient health monitoring system and fire detection system. Transmitted data needs to be accurate as they are deployed in mission-critical applications. , WSN communications can be affected by Hostile environments like forest fires and they are vulnerable to abnormalities. These differential values affect quality of collected data and need to be addressed. This paper suggests a new distance based Differential Value Detection Algorithm (DVD) for WSNs to identify abnormalities in WSN node readings.
Superconducting magnetic energy storage and superconducting self-supplied electromagnetic launcher

Superconductors can be used to build energy storage systems called Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), which are promising as inductive pulse power source and suitable for powering electromagnetic launchers. The second generation of high critical temperature superconductors is called coated conductors or REBCO (Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide) tapes. Their current carrying capability in high magnetic field and their thermal stability are expanding the SMES application field. The BOSSE (Bobine Supraconductrice pour le Stockage d’Energie) project aims to develop and to master the use of these superconducting tapes through two prototypes. The first one is a SMES with high energy density. Thanks to the performances of REBCO tapes, the volume energy and specific energy of existing SMES systems can be surpassed. A study has been undertaken to make the best use of the REBCO tapes and to determine the most adapted topology in order to reach our objective, which is to beat the world record of mass energy density for a superconducting coil. This objective is conflicting with the classical strategies of superconducting coil protection. A different protection approach is proposed. The second prototype of the BOSSE project is a small-scale demonstrator of a Superconducting Self-Supplied Electromagnetic Launcher (S3EL), in which a SMES is integrated around the launcher which benefits from the generated magnetic field to increase the thrust applied to the projectile. The S3EL principle and its design are presented.
An Innovative Change in Technology Integration: Training Pre-Service Kindergarten Teachers to Be Courseware Designers

This study focuses on exploring whether pre-service kindergarten teachers can be trained to be designers of digital courseware through learning a series of technology training courses in a limited period of time during their teacher training program. The results show that preschool pre-service teachers can become courseware designers and have the capacity to integrate and produce multimedia courseware in their classroom teaching. This study also demonstrates an adequate training course and pattern for training teachers to be courseware producers, which can be referenced by other teacher training institutions.
Co-Simulation of an Inverter Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

Abstract Co-simulation is a method which makes it possible to study the electric machine and its drive at once, as one system. By taking into account the actual inverter voltage waveforms in a finite element model instead of using only the fundamental, we are able to study the electrical machine's behavior in more realistic scenario. The recent increase in the use of variable speed drives justifies the research on such simulation techniques. In this paper we present the co-simulation of an inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous machine. The modelling method employs an analytical variable speed drive model and a finite element electrical machine model. By linking the analytical variable speed drive model together with a finite element model the complex simulation model enables the investigation of the electrical machine during actual operation. The methods are coupled via the results. This means that output of the finite element model serves as an input to the analytical model, and the output of the analytical model provides the input of the finite element model for a different simulation, thus enabling the finite element simulation of an inverter fed machine. The resulting speed and torque characteristics from the analytical model and the finite element model show a good agreement. The experiences with the co-simulation technique encourage further research and effort to improve the method.
Ethanol: A Clean Fuel

Curiosity in producing ethanol from biomass is an incentive attempt for sustainable transportation. Ethanol is a colorless, slightly odoured and a nontoxic liquid produced from plants, and is formed by the fermentation of carbohydrates in the presence of yeast. It is also prepared from sorghum, corns, potato wastes, rice straw, corn fiber and wheat. A biofuel forms low green house gases, when burned compared to other conventional fuels. It is a substitute to fossil fuel which allows for fuel safety and security for many countries where there is less oil reserves. It is made from plants and other agricultural products through biological process rather than the geological process, which is involved in the formation of coal and petroleum. Biofuel is widely used as transportation fuels. Ethanol is considered a biofuel, and is widely used in some countries like U.S and Brazil. In this study, we studied the rising temperature of ethanol, diesel, and kerosene at a fixed point of time and found that ethanol as highest rising temperature compared to kerosene and diesel. It was also observed that the ethanol doesn’t produce any smoke while burning compared to diesel and kerosene which makes it an excellent alternative and clean fuel.
The use of hide in learning the value of a function

In this paper, we briefly review some recent work on Hypercircle inequality for data error (Hide) measured with square loss. We provide it in the case that the unit ball B is replaced by δB where δ is any positive number. We study the problem in learning the value of a function in reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) by using the available material from Hide with different values of δ. Moreover, we compare our numerical experiment to the method of regularization, which is the standard method for learning problem. We also discuss the effect of the values of δ on the learning task under consideration.
Microaneurysms detection using a novel neighborhood analysis

The earliest sign of the diabetic retinopathy is the appearance of small red dots in retinal fundus images, designated by microaneurysms. In this paper a scale-space based method is proposed for the microaneurysms detection. Initially, the method performs a segmentation of the retinal vasculature and defines a global set of microaneurysms candidates, using both coarser and finer scales. Using the finer scales, a set of microaneurysms candidates are analysed in terms of shape and size. Then, a set of gaussian-shaped matched filters are used to reduce the number of false microaneurysms candidates. Each candidate is labeled as a true microaneurysm using a new neighborhood analysis method. The proposed algorithm was tested with the training Retinopathy Online Challenge (ROC) dataset, revealing a 47% Sensitivity with an average number of 37.9 false positives per image.
Implementing Mental Models: Extending Insight and Whole Person Learning

We extend the concept of insight learning from Hoover, Mitchell, and Wu (2012), a form of experiential education that utilizes a process of multi-dimensional whole person learning (Hoover, 2007). The insight learning process seeks to engage students more fully in the learning process with the goal of changing or elevating mental frames. We include a further illustration of insight learning in the form of a simulation exercise that can be utilized to introduce concepts of a particular mental model (Transaction Cognition Theory) to students; this model has been tied to improving performance in a firm. We also inform the whole person learning model and the insight learning model by considering the importance of the order of the insight learning process in helping students to achieve the goal of changing existing mental frames.