Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beef Jerky: Fate of Staphylococcus aureus in Marinated and Corned Beef during Jerky Manufacture and 2.5°C Storage.

A domestic food dehydrator was used to prepare beef jerky from inside round steak and corned beef brisket slices contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus . The number of added staphylococci doubled within 2 h after the start of drying corned beef slices. About 3-3.5 h were required for corned beef and between 1-2.5 h for inside round slices to reach an aw of 0.86. Only 15% of all staphylococci initially present survived 8 h of heated-drying, and this was reduced to 5% after a week of refrigerated storage of slices. The safety of beef jerky produced in the home is assured when wholesome meats used in its preparation are rapidly dried.
THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM OF ANIMALS BODY

In the review of the literature it was generalized the data due to the classification and characterization of antioxidant protection system of animals body. This model combines a number of different by its nature substances. Each of the components of the antioxidant system operates in close relationship with its other structural elements, harmoniously, and in many cases complements and in many cases - enhances the action of each other. Glutathione system forms functional basis of antioxidant defense system, constituent elements of which has its own glutathione and enzymes, which catalyze the reaction of its reverse transformation (oxidation ↔ recovery). Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are attributed to these enzymes. Most researchers conventionally distributed antioxidant defense system in enzyme and non-enzyme. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and other enzymes are included to enzymatic link of antioxidant defense system. Fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K, water-soluble vitamins C and PP, biogenic amines, glutathione, carotenoids, ubiquinone, sterols are included to non-enzyme system. As the enzyme, as non-enzyme antioxidant defense system is present in the bloodstream. The activity of enzymatic antioxidant system is well regulated and depends on the age of the animals, physiological condition, the dynamics of hormone, synthesis intensity of antioxidant enzyme, pH medium, the presence of coenzymes, inhibitors, activators, and other factors. Non-enzyme link of antioxidant system does not need so many regulators as the most chemical substance - antioxidant - enters into chemical reaction with the radical. The rate of reaction may be only changed.
Spatial and temporal distribution of macroinvertebrates and trophic variables within the bed sediment of three streams differing by their morphology and riparian vegetation

The vertical distribution of invertebrates (>500 μm), trophic variables and sediment structure was studied in three adjacent sites in the French granitic Massif Central. Cores were taken down to a sediment depth of 60 cm with a freezing-core technique. Streams differed mainly in their porosity profiles. Porosity seemed to determine the vertical distribution of UPOM, whereas chlorophyll-a and ATP+ADP were controlled by both depth and porosity. Invertebrate density and taxonomic richness decreased with depth, 70 % to 96 % of the individuals were found in the first 15 cm. Densities were correlated with porosity only in the less porous sites (<2 % in deeper layers). In the site with porous substratum, density profiles differed from porosity profiles, suggesting another limiting factor. Limitation of water penetration and oxygen availability due to surface porosity <5 % was an alternative hypothesis. Low porosity did not affect the dynamics of hypogean organisms. At the stream scale, the sediment characteristics (percentage of fine sediment), the pattern of trophic resources and the proportion of different functional feeding groups seemed to be related to riparian influences. Stream morphology determined availability of trophic resources.
Laser pointer driving assistant for robotic wheelchairs' navigation : Assistente de navegação com apontador laser para conduzir cadeiras de rodas robotizadas

Assistive robotics solutions help people to recover their lost mobility and autonomy in their daily life. This document presents a low-cost navigation assistant designed for people paralyzed from down the neck to drive a robotized wheelchair using the combination of the head’s posture and facial expressions (smile and eyebrows up) to send commands to the chair. The assistant provides two navigation modes: manual and semi-autonomous. In the manual navigation, a regular webcam with the OpenFace algorithm detects the user’s head orientation and facial expressions (smile, eyebrows up) to compose commands and actuate directly on the wheelchair movements (stop, go front, turn right, turn left). In the semi-autonomous, the user controls a pan-tilt laser with his/her head to point the desired destination on the ground and validates with eyebrows up command which makes the robotized wheelchair performs a rotation followed by a linear displacement to the chosen target. Although the assistant need improvements, results have shown that this solution may be a promising technology for people paralyzed from down the neck to control a robotized wheelchair.
Multicriterion trade‐offs and synergies for spatial conservation planning

Summary 1.Nature conservation policies need to deliver on multiple criteria, including genetic diversity, population viability and species richness as well as ecosystem services. The challenge of integrating these may be addressed by simulation modelling. 2.We used four models (MetaConnect, SPOMSIM, a community model and InVEST) to assess a variety of spatial habitat patterns with two levels of total habitat cover and realised at two spatial scales, exploring which landscape structures performed best according to five different conservation criteria assessed for four functional types of organisms (approximately representing trees, butterflies, small mammals and birds). 3.The results display both synergies and trade-offs: population size and pollination services generally benefitted more from fragmentation than did genetic heterozygosity, and species richness more than allelic richness, although the latter two varied considerably among the functional types. 4 No single landscape performed best across all conservation criteria, but averaging over criteria and functional types, overall performance improved with greater levels of habitat cover and intermediate fragmentation (or less fragmentation in cases with lower habitat cover). 5.Policy implications. Using four simulation models we show that different conservation objectives must be traded off in spatial conservation planning, and that considering only a single taxon or criterion may result in sub-optimal choices when planning reserve networks. Nevertheless, heterogeneous spatial patterns of habitat can provide reasonable compromises for multiple criteria. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in milk fat from dairy cows fed a rumen-protected linoleic acid rich diet

Le but de cette etude etait d'analyser l'influence d'une ration de vache laitiere enrichie par un supplement d'acides gras proteges contre la degradation ruminale sur le contenu des isomeres cis- et trans de C16:1, C18:1 et C18:2 et des isomeres-acides linoleiques conjugues (ACL) dans la graisse de lait. En plus, l'effet de ce regime alimentaire sur le niveau des differents isomeres-acides linoleiques conjugues devra etre examine. Des echantillons de graisse de lait de vaches Holstein-Friesian a haute performance, recevant un regime alimentaire de controle (n=16) ou un regime supplemente d'acides gras proteges contre la degradation ruminale (savons de calcium (SC); n=16), etaient collectionnes par semaine pendant les 15 premieres semaines de la lactation. Par chromatographie argentee en couche fine, suivie par chromatographie a vitesse reduite, haute resolution sur une colonne capillaire 100-m, 11 isomeres trans-C16:1, 11 isomeres trans-C18:1, ainsi que 8 isomeres cis-C18:1 comprenant l'isomere cis D16-C18:1 rarement decrit ont ete separes et quantifies. De plus, 8 isomeres cis/trans-C18:2 et 7 isomeres d'acides linoleiques conjugues (ACL) ont ete identifies. Grâce a des conditions speciales de chromatographie en phase gaz, il a ete possible d'identifier t9t12-C18:2 sans recouvrement avec d'autres isomeres. Les resultats montrent que le contenu d'acides gras apres synthese de novo dans la graisse de lait est reduit par un regime alimentaire a savon de calcium, et que les lipides dietetiques n'etaient pas completement proteges contre la biohydrogenation ruminale. Des augmentations de plus de 150% ont ete observees pour t6-8, t 13-14, c12, c9t12 et pour les isomeres ACL t10c12 et t9t11 dans le groupe a regime alimentaire avec savons de calcium. Le profile isomerique trans-C18:1 de la graisse de lait dans le groupe (regime alimentaire aux savons de calcium) correspondait a la composition typique de la graisse de lait d'hiver pendant la periode d'alimentation a l'etable, bien que le contenu oleique eleve, comme le contenu total eleve en acides gras trans-C18:1 FA indiquent sur la graisse de lait typiquement douce de la periode d'alimentation d'ete, c'est-a-dire au pâturage. La repartition relative des isomeres trans-C18:1, cis-C18:1, trans-C18:2 et des isomeres ALC montre que l'alimentation aux savons de calcium n'avait pas d'influence decisive sur le mecanisme de biohydrogenation dans la panse concernant les acides octadecenoiques trans, a part l'augmentation du montant total de tous ces isomeres. Cependant, les niveaux particulierement eleves de c 12 ou de certains trans-C18:2 et des isomeres ALC indiquent que des processus de biohydrogenation jouent un certain role lors de leur origine sous un regime alimentaire a savons de calcium.
SELECAO DE RIZOBACTERIAS ANTAGONICAS A ERWINIA CAROTOVORA SUBSP. ATROSEPTICA, EM TUBERCULOS DE BATATA

Lucon, C.M. M. , Melo, I.S. de. Selection of antagonistic rhizobacteria to Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica on potato tubers. SummaPhytopathologica,v. 25, p. 132-136,1999. This paper deals with the selection o f bacterial strains able to control the severity o f soft rot in commercial potato tubers, caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca), an important plant pathogen. Isolates obtained from the carrot rhizoplane were initially tested “in vitro” against Eca on PDA (potato-dextrose-agar) medium, by producing antibiotic substances, and KB (Kings ’ B) medium, by producing fluorescent pigments. Additional keywords: biocontrol, antibiosis, soft rot. Dentre os patógenos bacterianos, espécies do gênero Erwinia ocorrem em várias espécies de plantas hospedeiras, causando doenças como podridão mole, canela preta, talo oco e murcha (18, 20,21). Estas bactérias podem infectar plantas e seus orgãos vegetais tanto nas fases de crescimento quanto durante o armazenamento, transporte e comercialização dos produtos colhidos (2). As perdas variam bastante, em flinção da espécie e/ou subspécie, condições climáticas, de cultivo e de pós-colheita. As culturas de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.),tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) e cenoura (Daucus carota L.) estão entre as mais suscetíveis no Brasil (17,20). Em tubérculos de batata, por ocasião da colheita, bactérias do gênero Erwinia, provenientes do solo e/ou de ramos doentes, penetram facilmente pelos ferimentos ou pelas aberturas naturais do tubérculo. Em todos os orgãos afetados manifesta-se um encharcamento seguido de podridão mole, que é resposável pela rápida deterioração dos mesmos após a colheita (21) Para o controle de Erwinia carotovora (Ec) muitos métodos têm sido utilizados, como aplicação de bactericidas, pasteurização de tubérculos, utilização de variedades resistentes e controle biológico. Todavia, nenhum destes m étodos têm sido satisfatoriamente efetivo para aplicação em nível comercial (4). A utilização de rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (RPCPs) no controle de Ec tem sido bastante estudada; os resultados destas pesquisas apontam perspectivas promissoras (1,5,14,15,22,24). As RPCPs são bactérias isoladas da rizosfera de plantas que são capazes de prom over aum ento no crescim ento e, consequentemente, na produção de culturas. Elas podem exercer seus efeitos diretamente através da produção de metabolitos ou indiretamente pela supressão de patógenos de plantas (7). Este trabalho teve por objetivo inicial, selecionar isolados rizobacterianos potencialmente capazes de inibir o crescimento, “in vitro”, do isolado de Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica {Eca), IB603, e a severidade de podridão mole, em tubérculos comerciais de batata, com vistas a um possível programa de controle biológico de doenças causadas por este patógeno.
Contrasting genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts

Structural rearrangements have long been recognized as an important source of genetic variation with implications in phenotypic diversity and disease, yet their evolutionary dynamics are difficult to characterize with short-read sequencing. Here, we report long-read sequencing for 12 strains representing major subpopulations of the partially domesticated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its wild relative Saccharomyces paradoxus. Complete genome assemblies and annotations generate population-level reference genomes and allow for the first explicit definition of chromosome partitioning into cores, subtelomeres and chromosome-ends. High-resolution view of structural dynamics uncovers that, in chromosomal cores, S. paradoxus exhibits higher accumulation rate of balanced structural rearrangements (inversions, translocations and transpositions) whereas S. cerevisiae accumulates unbalanced rearrangements (large insertions, deletions and duplications) more rapidly. In subtelomeres, recurrent interchromosomal reshuffling was found in both species, with higher rate in S. cerevisiae. Such striking contrasts between wild and domesticated yeasts reveal the influence of human activities on structural genome evolution.
A new strawberry cultivar 'Shu Xiang'.

‘Shu Xiang' is a new strawberry cultivar bred from the cross ‘Nyoho'×‘Darselect'. The fruit is cone-shaped and uniform.The average fruit weight is 24.5 g,and the maximum is 76 g.It has good color,excellent flavor,high firmness,bright luster,tolerance to storage and transport,resistance to powdery mildew.It has 10.9% soluble solids content,5.56% total sugar content,0.52% total acid content, 0.492 mg · g-1 vitamin C content,and 2.293 kg · cm-2 firmness.It ripens in early-mid January in the greenhouse in Beijing.
Influence of Ice Nucleation Temperature on the Freezing of Peach Flower Buds

The freezing behavior of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] flower buds was influenced by the temperature at which ice formation was initiated. Buds seeded with ice just below 0°C were more likely to exhibit deep supercooling, and water in the primordia would supercool to lower temperatures than in unseeded excised flower buds. This effect was not always expressed and varied with the stage of acclimation. Researchers using differential thermal analysis to estimate bud hardiness will need to evaluate this effect. Seeding specimens with ice may be warranted to obtain results comparable with field conditions.
Comparison of Management Techniques for Broccoli Production Using a Systems Approach

A systems approach that included production and economic aspects was used to assess broccoli potential as an alternate enterprise for eastern Virginia. Broccoli yield and head quality were improved with 96,400 plants/ha compared to 64,500 plants/ha. While target populations for the early harvest were achieved with either transplants or direct seeding, plant establishment was significantly reduced for direct-seeding in the main-season harvest (85% vs. 95% for transplants)
Examining gene-environment interactions and synaptic effects of Parkinson's disease-linked pesticides using a Drosophila model

Author(s): Martin, Ciara Ann-Marie | Advisor(s): Krantz, David E | Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons along with other deficits. While rare inheritable forms of PD exist, the vast majority of cases are sporadic and their etiology remains poorly understood. Epidemiological studies have increasingly linked exposures to environmental toxins, including a variety of pesticides, to an increased risk of contracting PD. However, it remains unclear as to the mechanism by which these pesticides cause neurotoxicity and the extent to which individual genetic variability plays a role. Alterations in the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) gene, which packages dopamine and other amines into synaptic vesicles, have been shown to affect PD susceptibility in animal models and epidemiological studies alike. Using live-imaging techniques at the Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junction, I investigated the functional consequences of altered VMAT trafficking at an intact synapse. I show that mutations in putative VMAT trafficking domains result in abnormal protein localization during synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis, in a manner that is dependent on nerve terminal identity. Using the same approach, I show that the PD-linked pesticide ziram differentially disrupts neuronal activity and synaptic vesicle cycling at functionally distinct nerve terminals. In particular, I demonstrate that endocytosis at aminergic nerve terminals is particularly sensitive to both disruption of VMAT trafficking motifs and exposure to ziram, and that ziram appears to selectivity induce the spontaneous depolarization of these terminals. Additionally, using traditional toxicological approaches, I developed a novel model of paraquat and maneb induced PD in Drosophila melanogaster and demonstrate the general utility of this model for interrogating specific mechanisms implicated in PD etiology. This dissertation discusses my research using Drosophila melanogaster to address basic biological questions fundamental to understanding gene-environment interactions implicated in PD.
CHARACTERIZATION OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CELIAC CHILDREN

Celiac disease (CD) is enteropathy autoimmune induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. The ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of CD, and a disturber of the intestinal microbiota. In this study, 13 Samples of intestinal biopsy, 15 fecal samples from celiac children, and 10 from controls children respectively were collected and analyzed by conventional culture technique to characterize the microbial profile intestinal of celiac children. There was 24 celiac children (8 boys), Mean age at diagnosis was 9,52 years, all have clinical manifestations, positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies and mucosal lesions suggestive of CD (Marsh Classification). We found a difference in intestinal microbiota, between celiac and controls children for example the Enterobacteria , Clostridium sp and Staphylococcus sp were remarkably higher in biopsy and fecal samples of celiac children than in controls. Inversely the Enterococcus sp, Lactobacillus sp and Clostridium sp were slightly lower in celiac children. Our results indicate an imbalance in intestinal microbiota for celiac children as reduction in the numbers of Lactobacillus sp , Enterococcus sp and increases in the numbers of Enterobacteria , Staphylococcus sp and Clostridium sp.
Structure of mutualistic ant–treehopper interactions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Abstract: Ant–treehopper mutualisms are centred on the availability of honeydew, a sugary fluid offered by treehoppers to attract ants, which respond by defending their hosts against predators and parasitoids. However, due to differences in the treehopper social behaviour (i.e. the amount of food resource available) ants can monopolize treehopper aggregations in many ways. Here we evaluated the topological structure of quantitative ant–treehopper interaction networks in three Brazilian Atlantic Forest localities. Moreover, we specifically investigated the role of ant recruitment strategy and treehopper behaviour in the structure of these networks. For this, we sampled ant–treehopper interactions along representative transects (6 km per site) within each studied site and recorded the mean number of individuals of treehopper and ant species. We found that independent of variation in environmental factors among study sites, ant–treehopper networks were highly compartmentalized (Mean ± SD: Q = 0.34 ± 0.1) when compared with null models, and exhibit low connectance (C = 0.18 ± 0.01) and specialization (H2’ = 0.36 ± 0.08) values. In addition, we also observed that larger aggregations of treehoppers interacted with a higher number of ant species and ants that were locally dominant and showed massive recruitment interacted with a larger number of treehopper species. In summary, our results illustrate the importance of foraging strategies in shaping ecological interactions in tropical environments.
A survey of current feeding regimens for vitamins and trace minerals in the US swine industry

Materials and methods: A convenience sample survey of nutritionists from 18 US swine production systems representing approximately 2.3 million sows or 40% of the US sow herd was conducted to characterize added vitamin and trace-mineral concentrations in swine diets. Data were compiled by dietary phases to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients evaluated were vitamins A, D, E, and K; biotin; choline; folic acid; niacin; pantothenic acid; pyridoxine; riboflavin; thiamin; vitamin B12; betaine; vitamin C; carnitine; copper; iodine; iron; manganese; selenium; zinc; cobalt; and chromium. Questions about supplementation of vitamin D from a cross-linked vitamin AD3 beadlet, potential use of natural (d-alpha-tocopherol) vitamin E as a source of vitamin E, and the use of chelated trace minerals were included.
HYMENOPTEROUS BIOPESTICIDES AND THEIR PRELIMINARY BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL FROM WESTERN MAHARSHTRA INCLUDING GHATS

Hymenpterous parasitoids are biopesticides scattered in the environment which develop on pest insects and kill them. The use of pesticides leads tremendous pressure on various ecosystems causing pest resistance, secondary pest outbreak, pest resurgence, pollution, health hazards and destruction to ecocycles. Hence, biopesticides (parasitoids) play a very crucial role in pest control and keeping environment ecofriendly. A total of 96 hymenopterous parasitoids belonging to 6 prominent families namely, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Chalcidae, Eulophidae, Trichogrammatidae and Aphelinidae were recorded parasitizing and killing various insect pests both from plain and forest (Western Ghats) ecosystems. The family Braconidae was dominant over others by the number of individuals (39) parasitizing pest insects. Second dominant family was Ichneumonidae with 36 species followed by Eulophidae, Trichogrammatidae, Chalcidae and Aphelinidae by the numbers 7, 7, 6 and 1 respectively. The results also indicated that 84 species of parasitoids were common, 12 rare and parasitized and killed more than 40 species of insect pests.