Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Design and Initial Testing of the Beam Phase and Energy Measurement System for DTL in the Proton Accelerator of CSNS

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is now in the R&D phase, in which the design of the proton accelerator is an important part. This beam phase and energy measurement system imports the signal from the Drift Tube Linac (DTL) and calculates its phase and energy, which is fed back to tune the beam. The signals received from Fast Current Transformers (FCTs) are modulated pulses of high frequency with a repetition rate of 352.2 MHz for the Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADS) and 324 MHz for CSNS; the leading edge of the signals is hundreds of ps, and the dynamic range of the amplitude varies from 20 mV to 900 mV (peak to peak, before transmission through cables). Therefore, special techniques are required to obtain the phase information. Corresponding simulations and initial tests have been performed, with the result of a phase resolution better than 0.1 degree over 57 dB input signal amplitude range with bandwidth of 367 kHz.
Troponin T levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes, with or without renal dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Among patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes, cardiac troponin T levels have prognostic value. However, there is concern that renal dysfunction may impair the prognostic value, because cardiac troponin T may be cleared by the kidney. METHODS We analyzed the outcomes in 7033 patients enrolled in the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries IV trial who had complete base-line data on troponin T levels and creatinine clearance rates. The troponin T level was considered abnormal if it was 0.1 ng per milliliter or higher, and creatinine clearance was assessed in quartiles. The primary end point was a composite of death or myocardial infarction within 30 days. RESULTS Death or myocardial infarction occurred in 581 patients. Among patients with a creatinine clearance above the 25th percentile value of 58.4 ml per minute, an abnormally elevated troponin T level was predictive of an increased risk of myocardial infarction or death (7 percent vs. 5 percent; adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.2; P<0.001). Among patients with a creatinine clearance in the lowest quartile, an elevated troponin T level was similarly predictive of increased risk (20 percent vs. 9 percent; adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.3; P<0.001). When the creatinine clearance rate was considered as a continuous variable and age, sex, ST-segment depression, heart failure, previous revascularization, diabetes mellitus, and other confounders had been accounted for, elevation of the troponin T level was independently predictive of risk across the entire spectrum of renal function. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac troponin T levels predict short-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes regardless of their level of creatinine clearance.
Editorial: The role of (traditional) birth attendants with midwifery skills in the reduction of maternal mortality

The role of traditional birth attendants with midwifery skills in the reduction of maternal mortality was delineated in this article. There are an estimated 585000 maternal deaths annually worldwide resulting from hemorrhage sepsis eclampsia obstructed labor and abortion complications. The international health community jumps from one strategy to another in trying to find a better way to reduce maternal mortality. An intermediate solution would be to identify and support birth attendants with midwifery skills (BAMS). BAMS are trained in managing hemorrhage and other birth complications. They also improve prenatal care programs by counseling women. The prevention recognition and management of complications depend on experience and training. Regular training of BAMS in all forms plays a major role in safe motherhood. Furthermore the development of locally appropriate comprehensive plans of maternity care and skills of health workers is needed in reducing maternal mortality.
MINIYO and transcriptional elongation: Lifting the roadblock to differentiation

Inhibiting transcriptional elongation is a recurrent mechanism to keep cells in an undifferentiated, pluripotent state in metazoans. It remains, however, unclear whether lifting the barrier to transcriptional elongation acts as the switch to initiate differentiation in those organisms. Recent results suggest that such a mechanism for turning on differentiation does exist in plants. We argue that targeting the elongation phase of transcription may be a solution adopted widely in evolution to allow for the global transcriptional changes needed in cellular differentiation.
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Protects Macaques against Respiratory Challenge with Monkeypox Virus

ABSTRACT The use of classical smallpox vaccines based on vaccinia virus (VV) is associated with severe complications in both naïve and immune individuals. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a highly attenuated replication-deficient strain of VV, has been proven to be safe in humans and immunocompromised animals, and its efficacy against smallpox is currently being addressed. Here we directly compare the efficacies of MVA alone and in combination with classical VV-based vaccines in a cynomolgus macaque monkeypox model. The MVA-based smallpox vaccine protected macaques against a lethal respiratory challenge with monkeypox virus and is therefore an important candidate for the protection of humans against smallpox.
Pigmented Skin Models: Understand the Mechanisms of Melanocytes

Skin is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is organized into five layers in which there are different cell types. The most important cell type in the epidermis is the keratinocytes which constitute approximately 95 % of the total epider‐ mal cells. Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells and inflammatory cells form the remaining 5 % [1]. Among these cells, the melanocytes, which are dendritic cells, are the second most important cell type in the epidermis. They have the capacity to synthesize melanin, a skin pigment. Melanocytes are not only found in the skin, but can also be observed in hair, eyes, ears and central nervous system (Table 1) [2-3]. Their different localization gives them different functions in the organism, but they all keep a common function: melanogenesis [1].
Measuring compliance with public private partnership policy

Public Private Partnerships are being utilised worldwide as a means to provide infrastructure assets and service delivery on behalf of the public sector. This paper aims to report on an empirical study that explores the extent of compliance with government policies for PPP projects and thus identify areas of concern that need to be addressed for future PPP projects. This paper undertakes a content analysis of four PPP project reports that have been produced by auditor generals. Six compliance criteria were identified as the benchmark against which four case studies were assessed. The findings reveal that none of the PPP projects had full compliance with PPP policy and specifically the area of public interest was completely ignored.
Funding Ratio Options

This paper defines an approximation to the value of funding ratio put options for pension funds. This option is, by construction, the ideal option to hedge the risk of a funding ratio falling below some required minimum level. It’s value can be used for several applications, for example as a risk measure for internal risk management or regulation, as a benchmark for (other) derivative solutions to hedge insolvency risks, or to value guarantees made by sponsors to eliminate a funding shortfall. A numerical example shows that the impact of the presence of mortality volatility risk on the value of funding ratio put options is significant.
Painful Transitions: The Impact of Economic Growth and Government Policies on Hong Kong's 'Chinese' Banks, 1945-70

Hong Kongi¦s Chinese banks survived the loss in 1949 of their traditional role in serving the trade and currency needs of Mainland clients and the restrictions imposed on the local gold market. But they allowed foreign banks to overtake them in financing the new manufacturing sector in Hong Kong. Using unpublished archival material, this paper traces how official banking policies encouraged them to cling to their traditional business model until forced to change by a collapse in the property market.
DHN melanin biosynthesis in the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea is based on two developmentally regulated key enzyme (PKS)‐encoding genes

Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold disease in various plant species and produces grayish macroconidia and/or black sclerotia at the end of the infection cycle. It has been suggested that the pigmentation is due to the accumulation of 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin. To unravel its basis and regulation, the putative melanogenic and regulatory genes were identified and functionally characterized. Unlike other DHN melanin‐producing fungi, B. cinerea and other Leotiomycetes contain two key enzyme (PKS)‐encoding enzymes. Bcpks12 and bcpks13 are developmentally regulated and are required for melanogenesis in sclerotia and conidia respectively. BcYGH1 converts the BcPKS13 product and contributes thereby to conidial melanogenesis. In contrast, enzymes acting downstream in conversion of the PKS products (BcBRN2, BcSCD1 and BcBRN1) are required for both, sclerotial and conidial melanogenesis, suggesting that DHN melanogenesis in B. cinerea follows a non‐linear pathway that is rather unusual for secondary metabolic pathways. Regulation of the melanogenic genes involves three pathway‐specific transcription factors (TFs) that are clustered with bcpks12 or bcpks13 and other developmental regulators such as light‐responsive TFs. Melanogenic genes are dispensable in vegetative mycelia for proper growth and virulence. However, DHN melanin is considered to contribute to the longevity of the reproduction structures.
Innovation in public sector services: entrepreneurship, creativity and management

In Innovation in Public Sector Services, the authors assemble a team of leading international scholars in a path breaking study to identify the potential for the public sector in contributing to innovation and entrepreneurship. In particular, the volume introduces an insightful new analytical framework that lays the foundations for transforming a sleepy public sector into a dynamic, innovative and highly effective partner for leadership and change in the global era.
CONSTRUCTION OF BALANCED SCORECARD USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

Bu calismanin amaci firmalarin degisen stratejilerine gore kurumsal karnenin performans olcutlerinin seciminde Analitik Hiyerarsi Sureci'nin kullanimini gostermektir. Kurumsal karne firmalarin faaliyetleriyle stratejilerini uyumlu hale getiren ve startejik performansi surekli olarak gelistirmeyi amaclayan bir stratejik planlama ve yonetim sistemidir. Nicel faktorlerin yani sira nitel faktorlerin de karar surecine dahil edildigi Analitik Hiyerarsi Sureci cok kriterli bir karar verme methodudur. Bu calismada firmalarin bir stratejik performans olcum araci olarak kurumsal karne olusturmada performans olcutlerinin nasil secilecegi Analitik Hiyerarsi Sureci kullanilarak ele alinmis ve bir ornek yardimiyla aciklanmistir.
A Novel Data Set Importance Based Cost-Effective and Computation-Efficient Storage Strategy in the Cloud

The rapid development of cloud computing service allows data and computation intensive applications to be easily moved into cloud. Users pay for computing and storing resources to deal with their data in the cloud, therefore how to manage those resources has become an important issue. In order to satisfy different demands of users, various storage strategies have been proposed. Aiming at presenting a cost-effective and computation-efficient strategy, the paper considers both the monetary cost and response time to decide whether a generated data set should be stored or not based on the proposed data importance model. The main focus of this model is to compare the attributes and relationships between data sets. To better illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our strategy, both theoretical analysis and simulations are conducted in this paper. Various experiments show excellent results that our strategy outperforms its counterparts in both cost and computation.
Distribution of K+-Dependent Na+/Ca2+ Exchangers in the Rat Supraoptic Magnocellular Neuron Is Polarized to Axon Terminals

Neurons are polarized into compartments such as the soma, dendrites, and axon terminals, each of which has highly specialized functions. To test whether Ca2+ is differently handled in different compartments of a neuron, we investigated Ca2+ clearance mechanisms in somata of supraoptic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) and in their axon terminals located in neurohypophyses. Using patch-clamp and microfluorometry techniques, Ca2+ transients were evoked by depolarizing pulses. Endogenous Ca2+ binding ratios (κS) and Ca2+ clearance rates were calculated from the decay phases of Ca2+ transients according to the single compartment model. Mean values of κS were 79 ± 2.6 in somata of MNCs and 187 ± 19 in axon terminals. Ca2+ clearance rate in axon terminals, which were calculated from time derivative of Ca2+ decay and the κS values, were approximately threefold higher than in somata. In response to external Na+ reduction, Ca2+ clearance rates were reduced by 65% in axon terminals, but did not change in somata. Immunohistochemical assays confirmed that K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCKX2) was specifically localized to neurohypophysial axon terminals and was not found in somata. In somata, inhibition of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps, mitochondrial Ca2+-uniporter, and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) pumps decreased Ca2+ clearance rate by 48, 27, and 21%, respectively. These results suggest that neurohypophysial axon terminals have greater Ca2+ clearance power than somata because of the specific localization of NCKX2, and that Ca2+ clearance in somata of MNCs is mediated by SERCA pumps, mitochondrial uniporter, and PMCA pumps.
Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Cold‐Pressed Seed Oil from Finola Cultivar of Cannabis sativa L.

The aim of this study was to characterize the polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of cold‐pressed seed oil from Finola cultivar of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Several methodologies have been employed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Finola hempseed oil (FHSO) and both lipophilic (LF) and hydrophilic fractions (HF). The qualitative and quantitative composition of the phenolic fraction of FHSO was performed by HPLC analyses. From the results is evident that FHSO has high antioxidative activity, as measured by DPPH radical (146.76 mmol of TE/100 g oil), inhibited β‐carotene bleaching, quenched a chemically generated peroxyl radical in vitro and showed high ferrous ion chelating activity. Reactivity towards 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power values were 695.2 µmol of TE/100g oil and 3690.6 µmol of TE/100 g oil respectively. FHSO contains a significant amount of phenolic compounds of which 2780.4 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g of total flavonoids. The whole oil showed higher antioxidant activity compared with LF and HF. Our findings indicate that the significant antioxidant properties shown from Finola seed oil might generally depend on the phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, such as flavanones, flavonols, flavanols and isoflavones. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global e-Commerce: Text and Cases Plus Instructor's Manual

1. The Marketspace. 2. The Infrastructure. 3. The Regulatory Framework. 4. Business-to-Business e-Commerce. 5. Business-to-Consumer e-Commerce. 6. Trust in the Marketspace. 7: Internet Marketing. 8: Techno-Business Architecture. 9. Process Management through e-Business. 10. Metamorphosis: The Internetworked Enterprise.
ARTSENS - An image-free system for noninvasive evaluation of arterial compliance

Evaluation of arterial compliance is significant in cardiovascular diagnosis for early detection of coronary heart disease. We present ARTSENS, an image-free system for non-invasive evaluation of arterial compliance in-vivo. The system utilizes a single element ultrasound probe with intelligent measurement algorithms to ensure accurate evaluation of local arterial compliance without an image. The ability of the system to detect artery anatomy and measure compliance was verified by in-vivo measurements conducted on 106 subjects. The accuracy of compliance estimates were evaluated by comparison with a state of art imaging system. The measurements made using ARTSENS showed strong correlation with those made using the imaging system. The ability of ARTSENS to detect age-related trends in arterial compliance was also investigated.
Evaluation of zirconia bonding to veneering porcelain

Zirconium dioxide as core ceramic material for dental crowns and bridges, possess high strength, chemical stability and superior aesthetics after veneering. Veneering ceramic is considered to be the weakest part of all-ceramic restorations. The adhesion between the core and veneering porcelain is based on the manner in which the connection occurs in metal-ceramic structures. Standard procedures for connecting zirconia to hard dental tissues and veneering materials do not achieve the required strength of bonding. The aim of the paper is to investigate different surface treatments of the zirconium dioxide ceramic core and find the best, for achieving highest adhesive bonding values to veneering porcelain. The study was primarily designed to investigate the bonding strength of the veneering porcelain to zirconia with in vitro Macro shear bond strength test. The specimens with different surface treatment of the zirconia were divided in five groups of twelve according to the treatment of zirconium surface and results showed highest bonding values for specimens treated with Rocatec system.
Cryogenic disturbance and its impact on carbon fluxes in a subarctic heathland

Differential frost heave, along with the associated cryogenic disturbance that accompanies it, is an almost universal feature of arctic landscapes that potentially influences the fate of the soil carbon (C) stored in arctic soils. In this study, we quantify how gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP), soil respiration (Re) and the resulting net ecosystem exchange (NEE) vary in a patterned ground system (non-sorted circles) at plot-scale and whole-patterned ground scales in response to cryogenic disturbances (differential heave and soil surface disruption). We found that: (i) all studied non-sorted circles (n = 15) acted as net CO2 sources (positive NEE); (ii) GEP showed a weaker decrease than Re in response to increased cryogenic disturbance/decreased humus cover, indicating that undisturbed humus-covered sites are currently the main source of atmospheric CO2 in the studied system. Interestingly, Re fluxes normalized to C pools indicated that C is currently respired more rapidly at sites exposed to cryogenic disturbances; hence, higher NEE fluxes at less disturbed sites are likely an effect of a more slowly degrading but larger total pool that was built up in the past. Our results highlight the complex effects of cryogenic processes on the C cycle at various time scales.
VASCULAR EFFECTS OF TIMOLOL AND PILOCARPINE IN THE IRIS

Simultaneous bilateral fluorescein angiography of the iris vessels (SIFA) was performed on 2 groups of patients. One group comprised previously untreated patients with elevated intraocular pressure who underwent a SIFA both before and after a 3 days' timolol treatment in one eye and pilocarpine treatment in the other eye. The other group consisted of glaucomatous patients treated with timolol for 4 to 24 (mean 11) months before the angiography. Short‐ or long‐term use of timolol neither caused, increased nor decreased leak of the dye from the iris vessels, either at the pupillary border, or in other areas of the iris. Dynamics of the blood flow also remained unaffected. Short‐term use of pilocarpine increased extrapupillary focal leakage in one eye.
Relaxing Synchronization in Parallel Agent-Based Road Traffic Simulation

Large-scale agent-based traffic simulation is computationally intensive. Parallel computing can help to speed up agent-based traffic simulation. Parallelization of agent-based traffic simulations is generally achieved by decomposing the road network into subregions. The agents in each subregion are executed by a Logical Process (LP). There are data dependencies between LPs which require synchronization of LPs. An asynchronous protocol allows LPs to progress and communicate asynchronously. LPs use lookahead to indicate the time to synchronize with other LPs. Larger lookahead means less frequent synchronization operations. High synchronization overhead is still a major performance issue of large-scale parallel agent-based traffic simulations. In this article, two methods to increase the lookahead of LPs for an asynchronous protocol are developed. They take advantage of uncertainties in traffic simulation to relax synchronization without altering simulation results statistically. Efficiency of the proposed methods is investigated in the parallel agent-based traffic simulator SEMSim Traffic. Experiment results showed that the proposed methods are able to reduce overall running time of the parallel simulation compared to existing methods.
Bidirectional Analytic Ray Tracing for Fast Computation of Composite Scattering From Electric-Large Target Over a Randomly Rough Surface

The bidirectional analytic ray tracing (BART) method is developed to rapidly calculate composite scattering from three-dimensional (3D) electrically large complex targets above a randomly rough surface. Ray tracing is carried out both along the incident (forward) direction and converse direction of scattering (backward) recording different orders of ray illumination on each facet or edge of the target and surface. Once a pair of forward and backward rays meet on a facet/edge, a scattering term is constructed using the diffused scattering/diffraction of this facet/edge and all reflections occurred on the tracing paths. The rough surface is modeled with ldquorough facetsrdquo including coherent scattering and diffused incoherent scattering, which can be directly calculated according to the IEM (integral equation method) of a randomly rough surface. Analytic tracing of polygon ray tubes is developed to precisely calculate the illumination and shadowing of facets, which exempt large patches of the target from any finer meshing. It significantly reduces the complexity relevant to the target electric-size. Higher orders of scattering and, in particular, interactions between the target and rough surface are then taken into account. The accuracy and performance of BART is validated and evaluated by comparing with exact computational electromagnetic methods for electrically small targets. Numerical examples of angularly composite scattering from a three-dimensional electrically large, e.g., a ship-like target over a randomly rough surface are presented and discussed.