Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spoken Language Identiﬁcation under Emotional Speech Variations

Identifying language information from speech utterance is referred to as spoken language identiﬁ-cation. Language Identiﬁcation (LID) is essential in multilingual speech systems. There are various conditions under which the performance of LID systems are sub-optimal, such as short duration, background noise, channel variation, and so on. There have been efforts to improve performance under these conditions, but the impact of speaker emotion variation on the performance of LID systems has not been studied. Hence in contrast to the previous studies, for the ﬁrst time in the literature, the present work investigated the impact of emotional speech on language identiﬁcation. In this work, different emotional speech databases have been pooled to create the experimental setup. A dataset of this kind was not available for LID, and is a contribution of this thesis. Additionally, state-of-art i-vectors, time-delay neural networks (TDNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and deep neural network (DNN) x-vector systems have been considered to build the LID systems. Performance of the LID system has been evaluated for speech utterances of different emotions in terms of equal error rate and C avg . The results of the study indicate that the speech utterances of anger and happy emotions degrades performance of LID systems more compared to the neutral and sad emotions. To that effect, we investigated adaptation approaches for improving the performance of LID systems by incorporating emotional utterances in the form of adaptation dataset. Hence, we studied a prosody modiﬁcation technique called Flexible Analysis Synthesis Tool (FAST) to vary the emotional characteristics of an utterance in order to improve the performance, but the results were inconsistent and not satisfactory. Therefore, we propose a combination of Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) based architecture with multi stage training methodology, which outperformed state-of-art LID systems.
ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WILDLAND RECREATIONAL DISTURBANCE

INTRODUCTION . 779 ASSESSING EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL DISTURBANCE ON WILDLlFE . 781 EVALUATION OF IMPACT POTENTIAL . 781 MONITORING . 782 CONDUCTING FIELD STUDIES . 782 Field Study Type and Design . 783 Experimental Studies . 783 Non-experimental Studies . 784 Complex Effects . 784 Deciding Which Response and Disturbance Variables to Measure . 786 Response Variables . 788 Disturbance Variables . 788 MANAGING RECREATIONAL DISTURBANCE OF WiLDLIFE . 788
Job Status and Depressive Symptoms in Older Employees : An Empirical Analysis with SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) Data

Background: Depression is a frequently occurring mental illness that has been shown to be strongly related to important life outcomes, such as education or labor. Few studies focus on the impact of job status on the risk of depressive symptoms. Aims: We used longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for people aged from 50 to 64 years old across 11 countries to analyze how the type of job is related to depression. Methods: Associations between the type of job and depressive symptoms are analyzed using logistic multilevel models. Results: The risk of depressive symptoms is higher for self-employers. Among the self-employed, women are more at risk (OR: 3.22) as well as those who visit the doctor more frequently. On the other hand, people reporting a good quality of life and those living with a partner demonstrate a lower risk of depressive symptoms. These effects manifest less for employees, while the risk is also higher for women and those visiting the doctor frequently but lower for those who have a good quality of life or children. Conclusions: The stress suffered at work is related to a higher risk of depressive symptoms. The self-employed usually experience more stress at work, as this is related to a larger responsibility and, usually, less stability.
ON IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING A COMBINATION OF FELZENSZWALB, SLIC AND WATERSHED METHODS

Image segmentation is an essential problem in Computer Vision and it is foundational to the development of next-generation information extraction methods, issued in problems of great interest, such as driving autonomous machines, text analysis, object identification, extracting information from images. Knowing that there are no perfect algorithms for image segmentation, this paper aims to achieve a method that combines the results of different algorithms through various voting schemes in the hope of getting better results.
1 Association between urinary metabolic profile and the intestinal effects of cocoa in rats 1 2

Association between urinary metabolic profile and the intestinal effects of cocoa in rats 1 2 Malen Massot-Cladera1*, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs2*, Adele Costabile3, Jonathan R. Swann2, Àngels 3 Franch1, Francisco J Pérez-Cano1**, Margarida Castell1 4 5 1Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of 6 Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Building B, 3rd floor, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Nutrition and Food 7 Safety Research Institute (IrNSA),University of Barcelona, Prat de la Riba, 171, Santa Coloma de 8 Gramenet, 08921, Spain. 9 2Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. 10 3Health Sciences Research Centre, Life Science Department, Whitelands College, University of 11 Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD, UK. 12 13 14
Calculating gg → tt + jets at Tree Level

Nowadays, experiments at LHC are in the process of testing the standard model and theoretical predictions are required. We are interested in Feynman diagrammatic approach of gg −→ tt+n gluons which is a partonic component of pp −→ tt + jets. The results will provide background for future discoveries in LHC. The aim of this project is to provide a complete calculation at tree-level for gg −→ tt + n gluons by using various programs. We use Diana (Feynman Diagram Analysis) to generate all diagrams for each process. By using Form, the colour structures are extracted and calculated explicitly, and the partial amplitudes are simplified and manipulated. The final program of calculation for the amplitude is in Mathematica. The calculation of the squared matrix element of the following processes: gg −→ tt, gg −→ tt+ g and gg −→ tt+ gg are shown in this project.
Inspires Estrus Synchronization in Murciano-Granadina Goats under Extremely Hot Climate-1-4

Despite the seasonal nature of reproduction in goats, creating a capacity that enables getting goats pregnant throughout the year is of economical importance in commercial settings. The objective was to compare natural and artificial (hormonal) methods of estrus synchronization on pregnancy rate of Murciano-Granadina goats under extremely hot climate of southern Iran. To synchronize estrus, experimental goats received one of three treatments. The first group (n = 123) was treated with CIDR (intravaginal progesterone release) on day-0 and which was later removed on day-19 plus eCG injection followed by introduction to bucks on day-21. The second group (n = 157) was treated with CIDR on day-0 and with eCG injection on day-17, then CIDR removed on day-19 followed by introduction to bucks on day-21. The third group (n = 257) did not receive any hormonal treatments and were only synchronized naturally via introduction to bucks (natural mating). Findings revealed that natural synchronization (male effect) resulted in significantly greater pregnancy rates compared to the second group (69 vs. 53%, P < 0.05). The first group tended to have greater pregnancy than did the first group (63 vs. 53%, P < 0.10). Improved reproductive performance of dairy goats under hot stressful climate signifies the economical importance and practicality of natural mating as an effective method of estrus synchronization in commercial goat production.
The Power of Predictive Models for the Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Infections among Peadiatrics Patients

OLAYEMI, Olufunke Catherine Department of Computer Science, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun, State, Nigeria ocolayemi@jabu.edu. ng Bolanle Ojokoh Department of Information Systems Federal University of Technology Akure Ondo State, Nigeria baojokoh@futa.edu. ng IDOWU, Peter. I Department of Computer Science & Eng Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria paidowu1@yahoo.com
An observation into functional aspects of neutrophils in patients with malignant solid tumors before treatment and after chemotherapy and G CSF administration

Introduction: Uncontrolled growth of a group of cells is called cancer. Most of the drugs and therapies used in the management of cancer are immune suppressive. Objective: The present study was undertaken to observe the functional aspects of neutrophils in patients with malignant solid tumors before treatment and after chemotherapy and G CSF Administration. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 adult male and female patients who were newly diagnosed with malignant tumors were included as cases. 30 normal age and gender matched individuals were included as cases. Collection of blood was performed as per standard guidelines. Results: There was a significant (P value Conclusion: Our results are in accordance with earlier studies as we have observed positive impact on neutrophil percentage followed by the intervention. We recommend further detailed studies in this area with involvement of more parameters and large population. Keywords: Malignant tumors, Chemotherapy, Neutrophil.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW COST AUTOMATIC STRINGED INSTRUMENT TUNER

Tuning methods have always been a task which every musician has to deal with. The main goal of this project is developing a device to simplify and assist stringed instrument users with the tuning process of their instruments. To that end, a prototype capable of acquiring sound through the vibration of the instrument body is produced using mainly a microcontroller device combined with a frequency estimation algorithm. The device development results show high accuracy in musical tone diagnosis compared to commercial tuners. The prototype offers several opportunities for developing new applications and research in quality control, material characterisation or even nonstringed instruments analysis.
Synchronization of BAM Cohen{Grossberg FCNNs with mixed time delays

This paper deals with the synchronization problem of bidirectional associative memory (BAM) Cohen-Grossberg fuzzy cellular neural networks (CGFCNNs) with discrete time-varying and unbounded distributed delays. Some suﬃcient conditions are obtained to guarantee the robust synchronization of BAM CGFCNNs with discrete time-varying and unbounded distributed delays subjected to parametric uncertainty by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii (LK) functional and Linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Suﬃcient criteria ensure that the error dynamics of considered system is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, numerical examples with simulations are given to show the eﬃcacy of the derived results.
CANNY-BASED METHOD OF IMAGE CONTOUR SEGMENTATION

: The paper presents modification of the image contour segmentation method based on Canny approach. A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the usage of wavelet-functions for contour sharpening during image transformation and the application of wavelet overlay at the beginning. The linear values of the intensity of the image pixels that are covered by wavelet are calculated and the result of wavelet transform is recorded into the central element of the pixels combination. As a result, two matrices of the same size as input image are received. After that a threshold for pixel intensity values is specified empirically: if the intensity values are less than a threshold, they are changed into 0, otherwise, they are unchangeable. The next step is calculation of the gradient according to the Canny method, it is performed for each of two matrices, obtained at the previous stage. As a result, image pixels where a local maximum gradient is obtained could refer to contours. The received contours, based on two matrices, are combined using logical “OR” operation. A set of contours with different levels of hierarchy can be obtained while adjusting the length of the wavelet. The modified method allowed to obtain a sequence of hierarchical object contours with an adjusted detailing. This method is a part of the object recognition information technology that significantly reduces the size of information processing of video surveillance systems. Copyright © Research Institute for Intelligent Computer Systems, 2016. All rights reserved .
Kukutxeztula : “ gainditutako ” gaitz baten itzulera ( Pertussis : return of a “ surpassed ” disease )

LABURPENA: Arnasbideetako infekzioek heriotza tasa altuak eragiten dituzte munduan, COVID-19 birusa izanik azken urteetako adibiderik argiena. Hala ere, ez da libre dabilen patogeno bakarra eta errebisio honetan Bordetella pertussis bakterio patogenoak eragindako kukutxeztulaz arituko gara. Kukutxeztula arnasbideen infekzio larri eta kutsakorra da, bertako jariakinekin edota listu tantekin kontaktua izatean transmititzen dena. Helduetan arrisku berezirik ez duten sintomak eragiten dituen arren (etengabeko eztul gertakariak, arnasteko zailtasuna edota sukarra, besteak beste), heriotza eragin dezake urtebetetik beherako haurretan batez ere. Kukutxeztula fase goiztiar batean gainditu ez duten gaixoek bigarren mailako pneumonia bezalako konplikazioak garatu ditzakete, hau izaten delarik kukutxeztulaz hiltzen diren gehienen arrazoi nagusia. Lehen txertoa garatu zenetik kontrolpean zegoela uste izan den arren, kalte handiak eragin ditu batez ere garapen bidean dauden herrialdeetan. Herrialde garatuetan ere badu bere inpaktua, eta 2011tik gaur arte Ipar Amerikan eta mendebaldeko Europan epidemia egoera zabaldu da. Errebisio honetan kukutxeztulari buruzko informazioaren eguneratze bat aurkezten da, B. pertussisek erabiltzen dituen hainbat mekanismo infekziosoetan arreta jarriz. Mekanismo hauen oinarri molekularra ulertzeak zeluletan gertatzen diren beste hainbat prozesuren ulerkeran, gaixotasunaren aurkako sendagai berrien garapenean edota biologia molekularreko tresna berrien garapenean lagundu dezake.
Flux from Tropical Land Uses on Andisol in West Java, Indonesia

This study measured CO 2 flux by segregating effect of root respiration and organic matter decomposition by microbes. The study involved a mineral soil containing high organic matter (Andisols), in the tropic devoted to different land uses i.e. natural forest, tea plantation, and horticultural farm CO 2 emission from those land uses were compared to from peatland. Observed CO 2 fluxes came out in the following order: bare plot 7.32, tea plantation 10.22, horticultural farm 15.60, and natural forest 15.62 Mg C-CO 2 ha yr. While, root respiration accounted for substantial proportions: tea plantation 28%, horticultural farm 53%, and natural forest 53%. Soil temperature demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the CO 2 flux, except in the natural forest. On the other hand, water-filled pore spaces displayed varying correlation with site CO 2 flux: a negative relationship in both bare plot and tea plantation, appreciably positive in the horticultural farm, and weakly related in the natural forest. Soil respiration and C-organic content appeared to be strongly correlated; the rate of soil respiration increased with higher C-organic content. In field, CO 2 flux from organic matter decomposition in Andisols, Latosols, and peatland ranged from 5.35-13.22 Mg CCO 2 ha yr, with root respiration contributing most of the flux, which was, in turn, influenced by type vegetation, humidity and soil temperature.
TRANSPORT OF 2, 4, 6‐TRINITROTOLUENE AND HEXAHYDRO‐1, 3, 5‐TRINITRO‐1, 3, 5‐TRIAZINE IN SOILS

We investigated the fate and transport of explosives in soils. Transport experiments were conducted to describe the mobility of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX) in a SWy-1 reference clay (bentonite mixed with sand) and two selected soils (Norwood and Kolin). Miscible displacement experiments in packed soil columns under steady flow were used. For the bentonite/sand column, TNT was highly mobile and fully reversible when methanol was used as the background solution. In contrast, with 0.005 M Ca (NO3)2 as the background solution, the TNT pulse was strongly retarded with as much as 50% of that applied remaining within the bentonite/sand, Norwood, or Kolin columsn. Products of the transformation of TNT to 4-Am-DNT and other compound were identified in the effluent solution. A 7-day flow interruption during the TNT pulse application resulted in decreased TNT levels in the effluent solution. This decrease corresponded to a sudden increase in the 4-Am-DNT concentration in the effluent, with peak concentrations of 0.60 mg ml-1. For RDX, only limited retention as observed in all columns. These findings are consistent with results from adsorption-desorption batch experiments. The TNT and RDX transport results were successfully described by a nonlinear multireaction and transport model (MRTM), which accounted for equilibrium and kinetic (reversible and irreversible) retention mechanisms. However, efforts to describe RDX transport were more successful than efforts to describe TNT when idependently determined (batch) parameters were used. The mobility of TNT, RDX, and other compounds from a contaminated soil obtained from a Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (AAP) site was also investigated. A gradual release and subsequent movement of various contaminants, including HMX, TNT, RDX, TNB, 2-Am-DNT, and 4-Am-DNT, was observed. The leaching patterns were consistent with results from uncontaminated Kolin soil columns and reflected the affinity of contaminants during leaching in the AAP soil.
Who Smokes in Europe? Data From Twelve European Countries in the TackSHS Survey (2017-2018)

Background: Population data on tobacco use and its determinants require continuous monitoring and careful inter-country comparison. We aimed to provide the most up-to-date estimates on tobacco smoking from a large cross-sectional survey, conducted in selected European countries. Methods: Within the TackSHS Project, a face-to-face survey on smoking was conducted in 2017–2018 in 12 countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain, representing around 80% of the 432 million European Union (EU) adult population. In each country, a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged 15 years and older was interviewed, for a total of 11,902 participants. Results: Overall, 25.9% of participants were current smokers (31.0% of men and 21.2% of women, P < 0.001), while 16.5% were former smokers. Smoking prevalence ranged from 18.9% in Italy to 37.0% in Bulgaria. It decreased with increasing age (compared to <45, multivariable odds ratio [OR] for ≥65 year, 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–0.36), level of education (OR for low vs high, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.17–1.48) and self-rated household economic level (OR for low vs high, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.74–2.42). The same patterns were found in both sexes. Address for correspondence. Silvano Gallus, ScD, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2; 20156 Milan, Italy (e-mail: silvano.gallus@marionegri.it). The full list of TackSHS investigators is provided at the end of the manuscript. Advance Publication by J-STAGE Journal of Epidemiology DOI https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20190344 HOMEPAGE http://jeaweb.jp/english/journal/index.html JE20190344-1 Conclusions: These smoking prevalence estimates represent the most up-to-date evidence in Europe. From them, it can be derived that there are more than 112 million current smokers in the EU-28. Lower socio-economic status is a major determinant of smoking habit in both sexes.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF OZONE MOLECULE ON PRISTINE AND SI DOPED SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBE BY DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY

We report comparative study of ozone adsorption on pristine Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) (8, 0) and Silicon doped Single walled Carbon Nanotube (Si – SWCNT) by density functional theory calculations based on DeMol3 code. Importance is given to the effects of silicon doping in carbon nanotube for comparative study of adsorption of ozone. The results show that silicon doping keeps the semiconducting character of pure carbon nanotubes with reduction in band gap from 0.71 eV to 0.54 eV. The ozone gas molecule is physisorbed with binding energy 0.431eV and minute charge transfer of 0.013 e from pure carbon nanotube, consistent with the strong oxidizing nature of ozone. The binding energy and charge transfer indicate that the ozone adsorption on pure carbon nanotube is gentle and reversible. However, when ozone adsorbs on silicon doped carbon nanotube, a strong chemisorption occurs, leading to relevant structural relaxations and to the formation of a Si-O σ bond with binding energy 3.902 eV and charge transfer of 0.252 e. The band structure and density of states shows that the occupancy state in valence band near Fermi energy is completely altered due to ozone adsorption. The charge density analysis also shows formation of sigma bond between silicon and oxygen atoms. The charge density iso-surface shows the oxidation of silicon atom and dissociation of ozone molecule into silicon oxide and releasing of oxygen molecule.
Mechanisms of cesium sorption onto magnetite

One of the current options for the final disposal of high level radioactive wastes is the deep geological repository (DGR). The metal canisters represent the first physical barrier to radionuclide migration towards the geosphere and their corrosion products may play a significant role in sequestering radionuclides by sorption and/or (co)precipitation phenomena. In this work, the sorption of 137Cs on pure nanocrystalline magnetite has been experimentally studied in a wide range of pH, ionic strength, and radionuclide and sorbent concentration. The magnetite was synthesized in laboratory under controlled conditions and its main physico-chemical properties as microstructure, surface area and surface charge were analysed previous to sorption experiments. Sorption was negligible up to pH 8.5 and maximum sorption values were reached around pH 12. A significant increase in Cs sorption was observed when decreasing the ionic strength. Linear sorption isotherms were observed within the range of Cs concentration used (up to 10-6 M). As expected, Cs showed very small sorption onto the oxide, but the whole experimental results could be satisfactorily fit with a simple model. In addition, the model developed in the oxide-electrolyte system was able to reproduce fairly well the sorption of Cs onto magnetite in two more complex waters (synthetic bentonite and cement porewaters). All the possible effects on sorption that could increase the uncertainties on the (small) sorption values were analysed in depth. In addition, the possible influence of mineral trace impurities on the sorption (for example silicates from experimental vessels), already discussed in the literature, was avoided.
Endoscopic hemostasis in intensive care unit patients with upper digestive tract bleeding

1. Senior Internal Medicine Resident at the National University of Colombia in Bogotá, Colombia 2. Professor of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Coordinator at the National University of Colombia and the National University Hospital of Colombia in Bogotá, Colombia 3. Gastroenterologist at Clínica Fundadores and Ad Honorem Professor of Gastroenterology at the National University of Colombia in Bogotá, Colombia