Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification and an Algorithmic Approach to the Reconstruction of Femoral Deficiency in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

As the number of patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty rises, the number of patients requiring revision surgery for a failed total hip arthroplasty increases as well. It is estimated that 183,000 total hip replacements were performed in the United States in 2000 and that 31,000 (17%) of these were revision procedures1. Femoral reconstruction at the time of revision total hip arthroplasty can be challenging both from a technical perspective and in terms of preoperative planning. With multiple reconstructive options available, it is helpful to have a classification system available to guide the surgeon in selecting the appropriate method of reconstruction. A system for the classification of femoral deficiency that was developed by the senior author (W.G.P.)2 and an algorithmic approach to femoral reconstruction are presented in the current report. Seventy-one consecutive femoral revision arthroplasties that involved reconstruction with an extensively coated, diaphyseal fitting stem were reviewed at a minimum of eight years2. Component stability was classified with use of the system of Engh et al.3. Femoral deficiency was classified as follows. Type I: A femur with a type-I defect has minimal loss of metaphyseal cancellous bone and an intact diaphysis. This type of defect often is seen after the removal of a cementless femoral component without a biological ingrowth surface (Figs. 1-A and 1-B). Fig. 1-A Figs. 1-A and 1-B Type-I femoral deficiency. There is minimal loss of metaphyseal cancellous bone and an intact diaphysis. Fig. 1-B Figs. 1-A and 1-B Type-I femoral deficiency. There is minimal loss of metaphyseal cancellous bone and an intact diaphysis. Type II: A femur with a type-II defect has extensive loss of metaphyseal cancellous bone and an intact diaphysis. This type of defect often is encountered after the removal of a cemented femoral component (Figs. 2-A and 2-B …
DEXRAZOXANE - A PROMISING ANTIDOTE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACCIDENTAL EXTRAVASATION OF ANTHRACYCLINES

Accidental extravasation of chemotherapy containing anthracycline often causes mutilating complications as a result of extensive tissue necrosis. Treatment therefore consists of extensive surgical debridement. We present the case of a 41-year-old woman with breast cancer who experienced extravasation of epirubicin. She was treated with an intravenous infusion of dexrazoxane for three successive days and recovered without surgical treatment and only slightly dysaesthesia in the surrounding tissue. Although infusion of dexrazoxane for this indication is still experimental we consider it a promising treatment for patients who have accidental extravasation of anthracyclines.
Modeling and analysis of two-input DC-DC converter

A new two-input Hybrid Boost-SEPIC (HYBOSPC) DC-DC converter suitable for drawing power from two different DC sources feeding a common DC-bus is presented in this paper. This is a two-switch converter belonging to the seventh-order family and performs boosting operation. The salient feature of the proposed converter is that both the sources are simultaneously supplying power to the downstream load at reduced ripple current. This feature is particularly attractive for DC grid application. Through a time-domain analysis, steady-state performance is established and then converter energy storage elements design expressions are obtained. A 12/24V to 72 V, with output power capacity of the 200 Watt converter performance is analyzed and compared with Boost-SEPIC (BOSPC) two-input DC-DC Converter. The proposed converter is capable of giving a good output voltage gain even when operating under extreme duty ratio's.
1 Perturbation Techniques in Online Learning and Optimization

In this chapter we give a new perspective on so-called perturbation methods that have been applied in a number of di erent fields, but in particular for adversarial online learning problems. We show that the classical algorithm known as Follow The Perturbed Leader (FTPL) can be viewed through the lens of stochastic smoothing, a tool that has proven popular within convex optimization. We prove bounds on regret for several online learning settings, and provide generic tools for analyzing perturbation algorithms. We also consider the so-called bandit setting, where the feedback to the learner is significantly constrained, and we show that near-optimal bounds can be achieved as long as a simple condition on the perturbation distribution is met.
Purification of ras GTPase activating protein from bovine brain.

In cytosolic extracts of bovine brain, we detected ras GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity that stimulated the GTP hydrolytic activity of normal c-Ha-ras p21 but not that of the oncogenic [Val12]p21 variant. GAP was purified 19,500-fold by a five-column procedure involving DEAE-Sephacel, Sepharose 6B, orange dye and green dye matrices, and Mono Q resins. A single major protein band of 125 kDa was observed on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels that correlated with the elution of GAP activity on Mono Q. Purified GAP was devoid of inherent GTP hydrolytic activity, suggesting that it was a regulator of ras intrinsic GTPase activity. Under submaximal velocity conditions, the second-order rate constant of GTP hydrolysis at 24 degrees C for p21-GTP + GAP (4.5 X 10(6) M-1.sec-1) was at least 1000-fold greater than that for [Val12]p21-GTP + GAP (less than 3 X 10(3) M-1.sec-1).
Review on Haptics technology and its modeling, rendering and future applications on texture identification

Haptics technology deals with sense of touch and kinesthetic learning through actuators. Haptics classified into human Haptics, machine Haptics, and virtual augmented reality. This review paper focuses on explaining Haptics through texture modeling of various surfaces through measuring tool classification. Equations, errors and future applications of Haptics through texture identification.
Large-signal feedback control of a bidirectional coupled-inductor Cuk converter

Under conditions of order reduction, a nonlinear control of a bidirectional coupled-inductor Cuk converter suitable for large-signal applications is presented. The converter is accurately modeled as a second-order bilinear system, and the conditions for local controllability are established. The integration of converter state equations and the subsequent introduction of a linear recurrence between the output variable and an external reference signal lead to a nonlinear control law that is implemented by means of an analog divider, standard operational amplifiers, and a pulsewidth modulator. As a result, the output variable proportionally follows the reference signal, thus allowing different types of power waveforms in the converter output to be obtained. Experimental results verify the theoretical predictions. >
Electron-spin-resonance studies of spin-polarized hydrogen on the surface of liquid 4He.

Electron-spin resonance at 114 GHz is used to measure the three-body recombination rate (L/sub 3/) and the two-body surface relaxation rate (G/sub 2s/) for doubly-spin-polarized H between 100 and 200 mK. Our results for L/sub 3/ confirm and extend those of Cline, Greytak, and Kleppner. We find that G/sub 2s/ is much smaller than previously reported and in reasonable agreement with theory. Around 100 mK, we also observe sidebands due to surface atoms whose frequency is shifted by dipole-dipole interactions.
Associations of blood pressure variability and retinal arteriolar diameter in participants with type 2 diabetes

Blood pressure variability is associated with macrovascular complications and stroke, but its association with the microcirculation in type II diabetes has not been assessed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between blood pressure variability indices and retinal arteriolar diameter in non-diabetic and type II diabetes participants. Digitized retinal images were analysed to quantify arteriolar diameters in 35 non-diabetic (aged 52 ± 11 years; 49% male) and 28 type II diabetes (aged 61 ± 9 years; 50% male) participants. Blood pressure variability was derived from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure. Arteriolar diameter was positively associated with daytime rate of systolic blood pressure variation (p = 0.04) among type II diabetes participants and negatively among non-diabetics (p = 0.008; interaction p = 0.001). This finding was maintained after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and mean daytime systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that the blood pressure variability–related mechanisms underlying retinal vascular disease may differ between people with and without type II diabetes.
Three Members of the Arabidopsis Glycosyltransferase Family 8 Are Xylan Glucuronosyltransferases1[W][OA]

Xylan is a major component of the plant cell wall and the most abundant noncellulosic component in the secondary cell walls that constitute the largest part of plant biomass. Dicot glucuronoxylan consists of a linear backbone of β(1,4)-linked xylose residues substituted with α(1,2)-linked glucuronic acid (GlcA). Although several genes have been implicated in xylan synthesis through mutant analyses, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for synthesizing xylan are largely unknown. Here, we show evidence for biochemical activity of GUX1 (for GlcA substitution of xylan 1), a member of Glycosyltransferase Family 8 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that is responsible for adding the glucuronosyl substitutions onto the xylan backbone. GUX1 has characteristics typical of Golgi-localized glycosyltransferases and a Km for UDP-GlcA of 165 μm. GUX1 strongly favors xylohexaose as an acceptor over shorter xylooligosaccharides, and with xylohexaose as an acceptor, GlcA is almost exclusively added to the fifth xylose residue from the nonreducing end. We also show that several related proteins, GUX2 to GUX5 and Plant Glycogenin-like Starch Initiation Protein6, are Golgi localized and that only two of these proteins, GUX2 and GUX4, have activity as xylan α-glucuronosyltransferases.
On the role of frustration in the energy landscapes of allosteric proteins

Natural protein domains must be sufficiently stable to fold but often need to be locally unstable to function. Overall, strong energetic conflicts are minimized in native states satisfying the principle of minimal frustration. Local violations of this principle open up possibilities to form the complex multifunnel energy landscapes needed for large-scale conformational changes. We survey the local frustration patterns of allosteric domains and show that the regions that reconfigure are often enriched in patches of highly frustrated interactions, consistent both with the idea that these locally frustrated regions may act as specific hinges or that proteins may “crack” in these locations. On the other hand, the symmetry of multimeric protein assemblies allows near degeneracy by reconfiguring while maintaining minimally frustrated interactions. We also anecdotally examine some specific examples of complex conformational changes and speculate on the role of frustration in the kinetics of allosteric change.
Neuroprotective Effects of l‐Carnitine in Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Abstract: The neuroprotective action of l‐carnitine (LC) in the rat model of 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA)‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction was examined. 3‐NPA is known to produce decreases in neuronal ATP levels via inhibition of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) at complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. SDH is involved in reactions of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, and its inhibition leads to both necrosis and apoptosis. LC enhances mitochondrial metabolism and, together with its acetylated form, acetyl‐l‐carnitine (ALC), via the LC‐ALC‐mediated transfer of acetyl groups, plays an important modulatory role in neurotransmitter signal transduction pathways and gene expression in neuronal cells. In the study described here, adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected with 3‐NPA alone or treated with LC prior to 3‐NPA administration. Pretreatment with LC totally prevented the 3‐NPA‐induced decrease in brain temperature measured using temperature probes implanted intracranially. It appears that the protective effects of LC against 3‐NPA‐induced neurotoxicity are achieved via compensatory enhancement of several pathways of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results of this and previous studies conducted by our division in the 3‐NPA model of mitochondrial dysfunction demonstrate that 3‐NPA may be employed in vivo to evaluate enhancers of mitochondrial function that might exert neuroprotective effects.
Monozygotic Twin Boys Concordant for Congenital Hypothyroidism : Two Cases

Twins or multi-pregnancy is reported to have much higher risks for congenital hypothyroidism (CH), and most twins are discordant for CH. Monozygotic twins concordant for CH are rare. We describe two monozygotic twin-pairs concordant for CH. Filter paper screening was performed and a blood spot thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) value higher than 9 mU/L led to recall for whole blood evaluation. One of each twin pairs was normal at initial neonatal screening, while delayed TSH elevation and low T4 level were found in the diagnosis testing 2-3 weeks later. The L-thyroxine (L-T4) replacement therapy was initiated when the diagnosis was made. The initial dosage of L-T4 for the twins was 8 μg/d/kg. After 16 months of follow-up, thyroid function and development were all normal for the twin pairs.
Enterprise System Adaptation: a Combination of Institutional Structures and Sensemaking Processes

In this paper we set out to investigate how an Enterprise System (ES) adaptation in a Scandinavian high-tech organization, SCANDI, can be understood using a combination of institutional and sensemaking theory. Institutional theory is useful in providing an account for the role that the social and historical structures play in ES adaptations, and sensemaking can help us investigate how organizational members make sense of and enact ES in their local context. Based on an analytical framework, where we combine institutional theory and sensemaking theory to provide rich insights into ES adaptation, we show: 1) how changing institutional structures provide a shifting context for the way users make sense of and enact ES, 2) how users’ sensemaking processes of the ES are played out in practice, and 3) how sensemaking reinforces institutional structures.
Body Weight and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Literature Review of 56 Journal Articles Reporting on 65 Epidemiologic Studies

Study Design. A systematic review of the epidemiologic literature. Objective. To establish if body weight is truly associated with low back pain (LBP) and whether the link may be causal. Summary of Background Data. Because obesity and LBP are prevalent in western society, it is of interest to establish whether obesity can induce LBP. Methods. Fifty-six original research reports, reporting on 65 studies published between 1965 and 1997, were systematically reviewed for the frequency of positive associations between body weight and LBP. In addition, the presence of positive findings was examined in relation to several study characteristics. Based on these results, only studies emanating from the general population with a sample size exceeding 3000 were included in the additional search for causality using some of the classical Bradford–Hill criteria. The review was carried out by the author, blindly at 2 months’ interval. Results. Thirty-two percent of all the studies report a statistically significant positive weak association between body weight and LBP. Studies that fulfilled the post hoc criteria never report a rate ratio above 2, but there is possibly a positive biological gradient. These studies had no information on temporality or reversibility and there was no obvious consistency of findings. Conclusions. Due to lack of evidence, body weight should be considered a possible weak risk indicator, but there is insufficient data to assess if it is a true cause of LBP.
The acoustic structure of suricates' alarm calls varies with predator type and the level of response urgency

The variation in the acoustic structure of alarm calls appears to convey information about the level of response urgency in some species, while in others it seems to denote the type of predator. While theoretical models and studies on species with functionally referential calls have emphasized that any animal signal considered to have an external referent also includes motivational content, to our knowledge, no empirical study has been able to show this. In this paper, I present an example of a graded alarm call system that combines referential information and also information on the level of urgency. Acoustically different alarm calls in the social mongoose Suricata suricatta are given in response to different predator types, but their call structure also varies depending on the level of urgency. Low urgency calls tend to be harmonic across all predator types, while high urgency calls are noisier. There was less evidence for consistency in the acoustic parameters assigned to particular predator types across different levels of urgency. This suggests that, while suricates convey information about the level of urgency along a general rule, the referential information about each category of predator type is not encoded in an obvious way.
Distribution of Rab GTPases in Mouse Kidney and Comparison with Vacuolar H+-ATPase

Background: Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are essential for renal bicarbonate transport in both the proximal and distal nephron. Regulation of proton transport occurs, in part, by vesicle-mediated traffic of V-ATPases between intracellular vacuoles and the plasma membrane. Although the proteins involved in regulated V-ATPase traffic are largely unknown, Rab GTPases have a central role in the traffic and recycling of other membrane proteins. Methods: To identify candidate Rab GTPases potentially involved in V-ATPase traffic, immunocytochemical and subcellular fractionation studies were used to evaluate the distribution to sites of abundant V-ATPase of 5 Rab GTPases expressed in kidney, Rab5a, Rab11, Rab13, Rab18, and Rab20. Results: The immunocytochemical distribution of Rab5a and Rab13 and the subcellular distribution of Rab18 were not compatible with a role in V-ATPase traffic. In contrast, Rab11 colocalized with V-ATPase in apical regions of proximal tubule, and Rab20 colocalized with the enzyme in intercalated cells. Rab11 and Rab20 were enriched in membrane fractions that were also enriched in V-ATPase B2 and B1 subunit isoforms, respectively. Conclusions: The immunohistochemical data in combination with the membrane fractionation studies are consistent with a potential role for Rab11 and Rab20 in regulating V-ATPase traffic in specific segments of the nephron.
A heterozygous frameshift mutation in the Fanconi anemia C gene in familial T-ALL and secondary malignancy.

BACKGROUND Patients with Fanconi Anemia (FANC) have a well documented increased risk to develop malignancies, especially Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). The risk for heterozygous individuals is not clear, epidemiological data are inconsistent. If the risk for heterozygous individuals to develop malignancies was increased, they should be found in groups of patients with AML or MDS at higher proportion than in the normal population. We are currently screening a pediatric population with hematologic malignancies for mutations in the FANCA, FANCC and FANCG gene, and report here on siblings carrying a heterozygous frameshift mutation in the FANCC Gene. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using PCR based single strand conformational analysis we screened the DNA from pediatric patients suffering from 1 degree or 2 degrees MDS, CMML/JMML or AML for mutations in the FANCA (43 exons), FANCC (14 exons) and FANCG (14 exons) gene, and included one patient with refractory T-ALL, being the brother of a patient with T-ALL and MDS transforming into AML. Aberrant PCR products were directly sequenced. Flowcytometric measurement of mitogen-sensitivity and G2-phase arrest is used to evaluate cultured stimulated lymphocytes from individuals carrying FANC-mutations. RESULTS A novel heterozygous frame-shift mutation, 377-378delGA in the FANCC gene was found in 2 siblings, both suffering from T-ALL with subsequent MDS transforming to AML in one of them. No other mutation was found by direct sequencing of the complete FANCC gene. Both patients died under therapy. The parents (first degree cousins) and one healthy brother are also carriers. Their lymphocytes show a higher mutagen sensitivity than normal, but do not get blocked in G2 phase as being typical for Fanconi Anemia. CONCLUSION As the mutation causes a premature Stopcodon within exon 4 of the FANCC gene it has to be regarded as a causal FANCC gene defect. The findings within this family support the hypothesis of an increased risk to develop malignancies in heterozygous carriers of FANC-mutations. A systematic screening of further patients is needed, and we are currently examining a larger cohort to get a better estimate of the true risk of heterozygosity.
How to Respond to an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Recall

The purpose of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is to recognize and terminate abnormal heart rhythms and to provide protection from sudden cardiac death in atrisk patients. Ideally, the protection of the ICD can produce a feeling of safety for patients and families. The reliability and sustained performance of the ICD and its leads have become highly publicized issues with substantial media coverage and policy statements from medical societies. ICD technology has evolved tremendously in the past 25 to 30 years. Despite these advances, “no complex device can be 100% free of design, manufacturing, and performance flaws. ”1 ICDs, like cars, are designed, created, manufactured, and provided to consumers but require monitoring to optimize their benefit. Unfortunately, some errors can be found only after the products are in use. Although ICD malfunctions and recalls are inevitable, they are rare. In fact, out of more than 415 000 ICDs implanted in the United States between 1990 and 2002, only 2% were extracted because of confirmed malfunction.2 ICDs are important life-extending devices that have saved many lives and will continue to save many more. The purpose of this article is to help ICD patients be prepared for and to decrease distress in the event of a recall.
Design of low-voltage MOSFET-only /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators in standard digital CMOS technology

A design strategy of low-voltage high-linearity MOSFET-only /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators in standard digital CMOS technology is presented. The modulators use substrate-biased MOSFETs in the depletion region as capacitors, linearized by different compensation techniques. This work shows the design, simulation and measured results of a number of MOSFET-only /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators using different implementations of so called compensated depletion-mode MOS capacitors. The modulators are designed for the demands of speech band applications. The performance of the modulators proves the capability of compensated depletion-mode MOS capacitors to fulfill analog circuit requirements at low supply voltages with reduced processing efforts.