Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Reliability of Error Localization Indicators

An increasingly used approach for health monitoring is based on error localization techniques. They are applied on an analytical model of the nominally healthy structure and produce local values of discrepancies between the model and the measurements. In this way, damaged regions are identified, and the selection of the model parameters (to be updated) becomes easier. This helps the optimization procedure to reconciliate the model and the measurements, since the design space is reduced. Among the different techniques used to indicate regions where the analytical model presents parameter errors, one finds those that are based on output comparison: COMAC, MAC variation. These methods quantify the loose of correlation between paired modes associated to a degree of freedom. They assume that local model errors produce local changes in the modes (which is a case dependent assumption). They present the advantage of not requiring the use of expansion or reduction techniques but they are limited by the mode pairing process and by the norms used for the comparison. Another approach is to use the model equilibrium conditions. In this category, one finds the force residual technique and the method based on the minimization of errors on constitutive equations (MECE). A drawback of these techniques is that they require a matching process a priori. The aim of this paper is to analyze the limitations of this last class of techniques to locate model errors.
Phylogeography of New Zealand's coastal benthos

Abstract During the past 30 years, 42 molecular studies have been undertaken in New Zealand to examine the phylogeography of coastal benthic invertebrates and plants. Here, we identify generalities and/or patterns that have emerged from this research and consider the processes implicated in generating genetic structure within populations. Studies have used various molecular markers and examined taxonomic groups with a range of life histories and dispersal strategies. Genetic disjunctions have been identified at multiple locations, with the most frequently observed division occurring between northern and southern populations at the top of the South Island. Although upwelling has been implicated as a cause of this disjunction, oceanographic evidence is lacking and alternative hypotheses exist. A significant negative correlation between larval duration and genetic differentiation (r2 = 0.39, P < 0.001, n = 29) across all studies suggests that larval duration might be used as a proxy for dispersal potential. However, among taxa with short larval durations (<10 days) there was greater variability in genetic differentiation than among taxa with longer pelagic periods. This variability implies that when larval duration is short, other factors may determine dispersal and connectivity among populations. Although there has been little congruence between the phylogeographic data and recognised biogeographic regions, recent research has resolved population subdivision at finer spatial scales corresponding more closely with existing biogeographic classifications. The use of fast‐evolving and ecologically significant molecular markers in hypothesis‐driven research could further improve our ability to detect population subdivision and identify the processes structuring marine ecosystems.
History effects in the sedimentation of light aerosols in turbulence: the case of marine snow

We analyze the effect of the Basset history force on the sedimentation of nearly neutrally buoyant particles, exemplified by marine snow, in a three-dimensional turbulent flow. Particles are characterized by Stokes numbers much smaller than unity, and still water settling velocities, measured in units of the Kolmogorov velocity, of order one. The presence of the history force in the Maxey-Riley equation leads to individual trajectories which differ strongly from the dynamics of both inertial particles without this force, and ideal settling tracers. When considering, however, a large ensemble of particles, the statistical properties of all three dynamics become more similar. The main effect of the history force is a rather slow, power-law type convergence to an asymptotic settling velocity of the center of mass, which is found numerically to be the settling velocity in still fluid. The spatial extension of the ensemble grows diffusively after an initial ballistic growth lasting up to ca. one large eddy turnover time. We demonstrate that the settling of the center of mass for such light aggregates is best approximated by the settling dynamics in still fluid found with the history force, on top of which fluctuations appear which follow very closely those of the turbulent velocity field.
Competitive profile differences between the best-ranked European football championships

Purpose. The aim of the study was to compare the competitive profiles of the best-ranked European football championships. Methods. The final rankings (n = 30) and the final scores of the matches played in the 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 seasons (n = 10,465) of the best-ranked European football championships (Spanish LaLiga, English Premier League, German bundesliga, Portuguese Liga Portugal, French Ligue 1, and Italian Serie A) were analysed. The instrument used was the battery of Indicators for the Assessment of Competitive Profile of a Championship. The competitive profile was analysed in three dimensions and their correspondent measurement indices: (1) degree of excellence: International Achievement and Classification Dominance indices; (2) equality of teams: Classification Compactness, Performance Sustainability, and Home Advantage indices; (3) type of matches: Match Openness, Match Equality, and result Uncertainty indices. ANOVA one-way analysis of variance and bonferroni post-hoc adjustment were used. Results. Significant differences were shown among the main European championships in the International Achievement (p = 0.003), Classification Dominance (p = 0.001), Classification Compactness (p = 0.009), Match Openness (p = 0.000), and Match Equality (p = 0.008) indices. Conclusions. LaLiga Spanish championship stands out as the only instance of a quality competitive profile. Consequently, LaLiga occupies the highest position in the indices related with the international prestige and the competitive quality of the teams (p < 0.001).
Simple models of turbulent flows *

Stochastic Lagrangian models provide a simple and direct way to model turbulent flows and the processes that occur within them. This paper provides an introduction to this approach, aimed at the nonspecialist, and providing some historical perspective. Basic models for the Lagrangian velocity i.e., the Langevin equation and composition are described and applied to the simple but revealing case of dispersion from a line source in grid turbulence. With simple extensions, these models are applied to inhomogeneous turbulent reactive flows, where they form the core of probability density function PDF methods. The use of PDF methods is illustrated for the case of a lifted turbulent jet flame. Lagrangian time series are now accessible both from experiments and from direct numerical simulations, and this information is used to scrutinize and improve stochastic Lagrangian models. In particular, we describe refinements to account for the observed strong Reynolds-number effects including intermittency. It is emphasized that all models of turbulence are necessarily approximate and incomplete, and that simple models are valuable in many applications in spite of their limitations. © 2011 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3531744
Serious Lies

In a pair of studies, college students and community members told autobiographical narratives about the most serious lie they ever told or the most serious lie that was ever told to them. Most serious lies were told by or to participants' closest relationship partners. Participants reported telling their serious lies to get what they wanted or to do what they felt they were entitled to do, to avoid punishment, to protect themselves from confrontation, to appear to be the type of person they wished they were, to protect others, and to hurt others. The degree to which the liars and targets felt distressed about the lies differed significantly across these 7 different types of lies. Systematic variations in the kinds of serious lies described by different subgroups of participants suggest that serious lies may be indicative of the life tasks that are most significant to those groups.
Tolerance landscapes in thermal ecology

Summary 1. How thermal tolerance estimated in the laboratory can be extrapolated to natural settings remains a contentious subject. Here, we argue that the general premise that a single temperature can accurately describe upper or lower tolerance limits is incorrect. 2. Survival probability is determined by both the intensity and the duration of a thermal stress, and the association between these variables can be adequately conveyed by a thermal tolerance landscape. Employing this framework, we demonstrate that the temperature range that an organism can tolerate is expected to narrow down with the duration of the thermal challenge. 3. Analyses suggest that a trade-off exists between tolerances to acute and chronic exposition to thermal stress, and that changes in temperature means or extremes may result in drastically different selective pressures and subsequent evolutionary responses. 4. After controlling for the duration of the thermal challenge, we also uncover latitudinal effects on upper lethal temperatures in insects that remained unnoticed in previous broad-scale comparative analyses. 5. Ultimately, critical thermal limits have been adopted in the ecological literature for logistic reasons and are inadequate descriptors of thermal tolerance on conceptual grounds. We consider that tolerance landscapes provide a more suitable framework to study temperature tolerance and its potential impact in ecological settings.
Secure and Efficient Method of Overcoming Various Attacks in CWSN's

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN's) suffer from constraints such as low computation capability, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, small memory, the use of insecure wireless communication channels and providing security in data transmission. These constraints existing in the network domain makes security in WSN's a challenge. System performance of WSN's is enhanced by using an effective and practical way of introducing clustering technique. A Secure and Efficient data Transmission(SET) expertise for Cluster-based WSN's(CWSN's) called SET-IBS is proposed. SET-IBS expertise uses Identity Based Digital Signature(IBS). The feasibility of SETIBS expertise is evaluated with respect to security requirements and the security is analyzed against various attacks. In terms of energy consumption and security overhead, the proposed protocol show better performance than existing secure expertise.
Quality of Life in Some Asthmatic Children Treated with HomeopathicRemedies and their Parents

Introduction: After treating a group of children with asthma using the individualized homeopathic prescriptions technique, this study examined the relationship between parental and child reports of quality of life and described the relationship of clinical asthma severity including respiratory tests on their quality of life. Method: Thirty children with asthma were treated by homeopathic medicines, for a period of 6 months. Parent and child quality of life measurements were obtained pre and post intervention using Juniper's Paediatric Caregivers Quality of Life (PACQLQ) and Juniper's Paediatric Quality of Life Questionnaires (PAQLQ). Asthma severity was measured using criteria from the current clinical practice guidelines of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Results: There was a significant improvement in parental and children total and subscale quality of life scores at follow up. Mean parental total quality of life scores were correlated at follow-up with their children asthma severity. For all children, emotional quality of life was significantly associated with asthma severity. Parent's emotional quality of life and activity quality of life were significantly associated with children's asthma severity (p=0.0001). No significant correlation was found between respiratory tests results and quality of life of children and their parents. Conclusion: Homeopathic medicines, in the classical way of prescription, proved to be effective in amelioration of quality of life in children and their parents.
Observation of GRB afterglows with MAXI on JEM/ISS

MAXI is an X-ray all-sky-monitor which will be on the Japanese Experiment Module of the International Space Station. Its objective is to monitor X-ray sources over the entire sky with the sensitivity of less than 3 mCrab in 1 day. The GRB afterglow is one possible objective. One could expect ~25 afterglows to be detected a year at the early stage with this experiment.
A Novel Approach on Focused Crawling with Anchor Text

Title: A novel approach with focused crawling for various anchor texts is discussed in this paper. Background: Most of the search engines search the web with the anchor text to retrieve the relevant pages and answer the queries given by the users. The crawler usually searches the web pages and filters the unnecessary pages which can be done through focused crawling. A focused crawler generates its boundary to crawl the relevant pages based on the link and ignores the irrelevant pages on the web. Methods and findings: In this paper, an effective focused crawling method is implemented to improve the quality of the search. Here, three learning phases are considered namely, content-based, link-based and sibling-based learning are undergone to improve the navigation of the search. In this approach, the crawler crawls through the relevant pages efficiently and more relevant pages are retrieved in an effective way. Conclusion: It is proved experimentally that more number of relevant pages are retrieved for different anchor texts with three learning phases using focused crawling.
Locating Multiple Candidate Designs with Surrogate-Based Optimization

Increases in computational power have led to a growing interest in finding global rather than local optima. However, in the design of complex systems, there is substantial risk that optima found by simulation-based optimization could prove to be useless or inferior because of modeling errors or overlooked objectives or constraints. Our recent work has established that it may be possible to develop global optimization algorithms that systematically obtain all potentially useful local optima without much increase in computational cost. This can be viewed as providing the designer with some insurance against the unexpected. In this paper, we consider different approaches to locate optima that all have in common the use of surrogate predictions to reduce the number of expensive functions. A method that we previously developed that dynamically partitions the design space for optimization with “surrogate-based” agents is compared to optimization with a global surrogate that adds multiple points at a time and the Efficient Global Optimization algorithm. It was observed that existing global optimization algorithms have potential to be adapted to locate multiple candidate designs, but the key to efficiency lies in parallelization of optimization processes.
Influence of the Biofield Energy Therapy on the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Sulfamethoxazole

Author(s): Trivedi, Dahryn; Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar; Branton, Alice; Nayak, Gopal; Jana, Snehasis | Abstract: Sulfamethoxazole is an antibiotic, which inhibits the bacteria by interfering in its folic acid synthesis mechanism. The objective of this study was to analyze the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the phys-icochemical and thermal properties of sulfamethoxazole by using modern analytical techniques. The sulfamethoxaz-ole sample was classified as control and treated samples. The control sample did not receive the Biofield Treatment, while the treated sample received the Biofield Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi. The particle sizes of the treated sample were significantly reduced by 7.99% (d10), 3.05% (d50), 3.80% (d90), and 3.03%{D(4,3)}; whereas, the specific surface area of the particles was increased by 5.19% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were altered ranging from -70.86% to 52.36% and -6.01% to 75.34%, respectively; whereas the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 27.28% in the treated sulfamethoxazole compared with the control sample. The sample residual amount and maximum thermal degradation temperature were increased by 2.13% and 4.21%, respectively, in the treated sample compared to the con-trol sample. The decomposition temperature and latent heat of decomposition were increased by 3.26% and 19.36%, respectively, in the treated sample compared to the untreated sample. The Biofield Treated sulfamethoxazole might con-vert to a novel polymorph of the drug, with reduced particle size, increased surface area, and improved thermal stability. This can be helpful in improving the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of the sulfamethoxazole and would be more efficacious for the treatment of infections in the ear, urinary tract infections, traveler’s diarrhoea, bronchitis, shigellosis, and pneumonia, etc.
Digital Image Restoration in Matlab: A Case Study on Inverse and Wiener Filtering

In this paper, at first, a color image of a car is taken. Then the image is transformed into a grayscale image. After that, the motion blurring effect is applied to that image according to the image degradation model described in equation 3. The blurring effect can be controlled by a and b components of the model. Then random noise is added in the image via Matlab programming. Many methods can restore the noisy and motion blurred image; particularly in this paper Inverse filtering as well as Wiener filtering are implemented for the restoration purpose. Consequently, both motion blurred and noisy motion blurred images are restored via Inverse filtering as well as Wiener filtering techniques and the comparison is made among them.
LPJmL4 – a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land: Part II – Model evaluation

LPJmL4 – a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land: Part II – Model evaluation Sibyll Schaphoff1, Matthias Forkel2, Christoph Müller1, Jürgen Knauer3, Werner von Bloh1, Dieter Gerten1,4, Jonas Jägermeyr1, Wolfgang Lucht1,4, Anja Rammig5, Kirsten Thonicke1, and Katharina Waha1,6 1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg, PO Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany 2TU Wien, Climate and Environmental Remote Sensing Group, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Gusshausstraße 25-29, 1040 Wien, Austria 3Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany 4Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Geography, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany 5Technical University of Munich, Germany 6CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia Correspondence to: Sibyll.Schaphoff@pik-potsdam.de
Solving multi-objective job shop problem using nature-based algorithms: new Pareto approximation features

In this paper the job shop scheduling problem (JSP) with minimizing two criteria simultaneously is considered. JSP is frequently used model in real world applications of combinatorial optimization. Multi-objective job shop problems (MOJSP) were rarely studied. We implement and compare two multi-agent nature-based methods, namely ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA) for MOJSP. Both of those methods employ certain technique, taken from the multi-criteria decision analysis in order to establish ranking of solutions. ACO and GA differ in a method of keeping information about previously found solutions and their quality, which affects the course of the search. In result, new features of Pareto approximations provided by said algorithms are observed: aside from the slight superiority of the ACO method the Pareto frontier approximations provided by both methods are disjoint sets. Thus, both methods can be used to search mutually exclusive areas of the Pareto frontier.
Mining Large Point Clouds for Feature Matching of LIDAR Datasets using Self-Similarity

LIDAR captured point cloud datasets are another type of big data. Mining such large point clouds for feature selection to perform point cloud matching is a problem of fundamental importance for the geospatial sciences. Standard approaches to point cloud matching face a number of challenges including datasets that exhibit spatial and scale variations. This paper proposes a novel 3D feature descriptor, referred to as “Self-Similar Spin Images”, that provides a robust method to perform spatial matching of point clouds by combining the robustness of local self-similarity with the descriptive power of spin images. This descriptor is used to detect the scale difference between point clouds by introducing the “Self-Similar Keyscale” metric. The proposed method was tested with model and LIDAR datasets.
Restricted gene flow in the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) in a fragmented agricultural landscape.

Habitat fragmentation can have several adverse genetic impacts on populations. Assessing the extent of these threatening processes is essential in conservation management. In the present study, we investigated the genetic population structure of the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis, which is now restricted to a few small fragments of its previously more extensive grassland habitat. The aim of our study was to investigate genetic diversity and gene flow both among and within sample sites. The information will assist in making recommendations for habitat conservation and translocation programs. We collected DNA from 229 individuals from six isolated sample sites and genotyped them for 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Across all six sample sites, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.75 to 0.82. There was no evidence of population bottlenecks and little evidence of inbreeding due to consanguineous mating. Genetic differentiation was low to moderate although significant for all pairs of sample sites (FST = 0.021–0.091). Results from Bayesian clustering analyses revealed distinct clusters in the overall sample and suggested restricted gene flow between sample sites separated by distances ranging from 1.7 to 71.6 km. By using spatial autocorrelation, we also found a significant genetic structure within sample sites at distances up to 30 m, suggesting restricted gene flow even in small patches of continuous habitat. It will be important to preserve this finely clustered population structure in captive breeding and translocation programs. Increasing opportunities for gene flow through habitat corridors or population augmentation may help maintain genetic diversity and prevent an increase in differentiation. Although endangered species do not always present model systems for studying fragmentation, our approach shows how important genetic information can be acquired to aid conservation in highly fragmented ecosystems.