Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN TO SOIL APPLIED SULFUR AND BORON IN A CALCAREOUS SOIL

A greenhouse experiment with soybean grown on sulfur (S) and boron (B) deficient calcareous soil was conducted for two years in northwest India to study the influence of increasing sulfur and boron levels on yield and its attributing characters at different growth stages (55 days, maturity). The treatments included four levels each of soil applied sulfur viz. 0, 6.5, 13.4, 20.1 mg S kg−1 and boron viz. 0, 0.22, 0.44, 0.88 mg B kg−1 at the time of sowing. The highest dry matter yield at 55 days after sowing, DAS (19.3 g pot−1) and maturity (straw yield −25.2 g pot−1 and grain yield −7.3 g pot−1) was recorded with B0.44 S13.4 treatment combination. The combined applications of sulfur and boron yielded highest oil content with B0.44S13.4 (21.7%) treatment level. Chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ increased significantly with successive levels of sulfur and boron addition at 55 DAS. The mean sulfur and boron uptake in straw and grains increased significantly with increasing levels of sulfur and boron up to 13.4 mg kg−1 and 0.44 mg kg−1 and decreased non-significantly thereafter. At both the growth stages, a synergistic interactive effect of combined application of sulfur and boron was observed with B0.44 S13.4 treatment level for sulfur and boron uptake in straw and grains.
On fuzzy Laplace transforms for fuzzy differential equations of the third order

In this paper, we introduce a result for fuzzy derivative of the third-order in the sense of Hdifferentiability, and we find fuzzy Laplace transform for third-order derivative. In addition, we present examples of fuzzy initial value problems of the third-order . صلختسملا ثحبلا اذھ يف ىلع انلصح ةقتشم موھفم بسح ةثلاثلا ةبترلا نم ةیبابضلا ةقتشملا لوح ةجیتن H لیوحت اندجوأو , . ةثلاثلا ةبترلا نم ةیبابض ةیئادتبا میق لئاسم ىلع ةلثمأ مدقن كلذ ىلإ ةفاضلإاب . ةثلاثلا ةبترلا نم ةقتشملل يبابضلا سلابلا 1.Introduction The concept of fuzzy derivative was first introduced by Chang and Zadeh in 1972 [1] while the term fuzzy differential equation was coined by Kandel and Bratt in 1978 [2]. Puri and Ralescu [3] introduced the concept of the differential of a fuzzy function. Also, many researchers have worked on the theoretical and numerical solutions of fuzzy differential equations such as [4],[5] and [6]. Recently, Allahviranloo and Ahmadi [7] have proposed the fuzzy Laplace transforms for solving first-order fuzzy differential equations. Salahshour and Allahviranloo [8] pointed out that under what conditions the fuzzyvalued functions can possess the fuzzy Laplace transform. In this paper, we are going to find a result for fuzzy derivative of the third-order and fuzzy Laplace transform for that order are obtained. The structure of this paper is as follows: In Sect.2, some basic concepts are provided. In Sect.3, a result for fuzzy derivative of the third-order and Laplace transform for that order are presented. In Sect.4, we construct a system can be used for solving fuzzy initial value problems (FIVPs) of the third-order with examples. In Sect.5, a conclusion is drawn. 2.Preliminaries In this section, we give some necessary definitions and concepts which will used in this paper. Definition 2.1:[4] A fuzzy number u in parametric form is a pair ( , ) u u of functions ( ), ( ),0 1, u r u r r ≤ ≤ which satisfy the following requirements : 1. ( ) u r is a bounded non – decreasing left continuous function in (0,1] , and right continuous at 0, 2. ( ) u r is a bounded non – increasing left continuous function in (0,1] , and right continuous at 0, 3. ( ) ( ), 0 1 u r u r r ≤ ≤ ≤ . A crisp number α is simply represented by ( ) ( ) , 0 1 u r u r r α = = ≤ ≤ . We recall that for a b c < < which , , a b c R ∈ , the triangular fuzzy number ( , , ) u a b c = determined by , , a b c is given such that ( ) ( ) u r a b c r = + − and ( ) ( ) u r c c b r = − − are the endpoints of the r -level sets, for all [0,1] r∈ .
The Constituents of Iris florentina L. (3). Structure of Irisxanthone, a New C-Glycosylxanthone

Irisxanthone (IV), C20H20O11·H2O, decomposing over 208° without melting, a new C-glycosylxanthone, has been isolated from the rhizoma of Iris florentina L. (Iridaceae) along with mangiferin. The structure of irisxanthone (IV) has been determined as 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxy-1, 3, 6-trihydroxyxanthone by chemical and spectral studies.
Interactions of the Antitumor Agent Molybdocene Dichloride with Oligonucleotides

The interactions between the antitumor-active metallocene molybdocene dichloride (Cp2MoCl2) and four oligonucleotides have been studied by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. In 50 mM salt solutions of molybdocene dichloride, hydrolysis of the halide ligands occurs to give a solution with pD 2, containing a species in which both Cp rings remain metal bound for 24 h. At pD 7, however, partial hydrolysis of the Cp rings (∼30%) occurs after 24 h. Addition of an aqueous solution of molybdocene dichloride in 50 mM salt to the self-complementary sequence d(CGCATATGCG)2, maintaining the pD at 6.0−7.0, showed no evidence for the formation of a metallocene−oligonucleotide complex, and only peaks arising from hydrolysis of molybdocene dichloride were detected. A similar result was obtained in titration experiments with the single-stranded sequence d(ATGGTA) at pD 6.5−7.0. However, at pD 3.0, new signals assigned to a molybdocene−oligonucleotide complex or complexes were detected in the 1H NMR spectrum. No change was obser.
The Charged Bose Gas.

By using the Bohm-Pines and Bogoliubov formalisms as well as the random-phase approximation, the investigation of the charged Bose gas is extended into the intermediate densities for which ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\lesssim}O(1)$. The ground state energy is essentially correlation energy, and is therefore negative as expected. The expression for the plasmon spectrum does possess an energy gap; the single-particle excitation spectrum does not. The specific-heat function is examined to first order in the temperature and is shown to approach zero from above as the temperature does the same. Finally, the expression for the pressure is shown to persist in remaining negative for all ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\lesssim}O(1)$ at zero temperature.
Time-Dependent Molecular Fields Created by the Interaction of an External Electromagnetic Field with a Molecular System

When an external, time-dependent field interacts with a molecular system various phenomena may take place. However, concentrating on a region close enough to a point of conical intersection, we find that this external field builds up a field similar to an electromagnetic field formed on the one hand by Field-Dressed nonadiabatic coupling terms which are reminiscent of the Maxwell–Lorentz Vector potentials, and on the other hand via a scalar potential formed by the dipoleinteraction with an external field. In this article, we show that this new field, to be termed Molecular Field, is characterized by several spatial and space-time Field-Dressed Curl equations and one, single, space-time Field-Dressed Divergence equation. These equations are then shown to yield, just as in the general theory of electromagnetism, the corresponding Field-Dressed Wave Equations. This achievement could be materialized employing the (1,2) antisymmetric matrix elements of any of the 232 dimensional Field-Dressed nonadiabatic coupling matrices. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for the Shift of the Glass Transition near the Particles in Silica-Filled Elastomers

Filled elastomers exhibit a complex dependence of their viscoelastic modulus as a function of both temperature and frequency. Otherwise, recent observations on thin polymer films have shown that their glass transition temperature depends on their thickness. On the basis of these recent results and on a recent model, we propose that the mechanical behavior of the filled elastomer is strongly influenced by a gradient of the glass transition temperature in the vicinity of the particles. This allows us to suggest a specific temperature−frequency superposition law for filled rubbers. This law seems to apply very successfully on two systems with different dispersion qualities, revealing the existence of a glass transition temperature gradient in the vicinity of the particles.
Stem cell differentiation on conducting polyaniline

Polyaniline is a promising conducting polymer with broad application potential in biomedicine. Its medical use, however, requires both biocompatibility and suitable physico-chemical and surface properties. The microstructure, electrical properties, and surface characteristics of polyaniline salt, polyaniline base, and polyaniline deposited with biologically active poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) were revealed using atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, and Raman spectroscopy. As conducting polymers can be preferentially applied in tissue engineering of heart and nervous tissues, the cardiomyogenesis in pure cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells and neurogenesis in neural progenitors isolated from embryonal 13 dpc brain were further investigated. The results show that neither cardiomyogenesis nor neurogenesis were influenced by any of the tested polyaniline films. However, the most favorable cell behaviour was observed on pristine polyaniline base; therefore, polyaniline in pristine forms without any further modification can be applied in a variety of biomedical fields.
Variation of Pore Metrics in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Storage and Catalytic Applications

With the principles of reticular chemistry, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)with enhanced storage and catalytic capabilities have been prepared. This dissertationpresents the synthesis of azo-IRMOF-74-III for controllable release of cargomolecules as well as the catalytic testing of MOF-525-Mn and an isoreticular seriesof MOFs based on the MOF-5 framework. The variation of pore metrics inthese frameworks show the versatility of reticular chemistry and their applicationin catalytic reactions.First, an azobenzene containing MOF-74 analogue was prepared by incorporatingthe azobenezne moiety into the organic linker used to prepare MOF-74.Cargo molecules were trapped inside the structure based on size constraints andcontrollably released via modulation of UV irradiation to induce a trans to cisisomerization on the organic linker. The variation in the linker lengh shows thatspecic cargo molecules can be trapped by changing the size of the one-dimensionalpore in reticular frameworks.In addition to changing pore size, density of catalytic sites inside a pore wasinvestigated through the isoreticular synthesis of a series of MOFs, modeled after MOF-5 but containing various amounts of 2-aminoterephthalic acid. These aminegroups were post-synthetically modied to contain catalytically active Pd sites andheterogeneous Heck coupling was performed. A inverse relationship was observedbetween the amount of framework metalation and reaction yield and selectivity.This is attributed to pore blocking from post-synthetic modication at highermetal loadings.Finally, a manganese porphyrin containing MOF, MOF-525-Mn, was synthesizedand its activity tested through the epoxidation of alkenes using molecularoxygen. High catalytic activity was observed for all alkenes and this is the rstinstance of MOF epoxidation using molecular oxygen, a ubiquitous industrial oxidant.Another MOF containing the same catalytically active porphyrin but in adierent topology, MOF-545-Mn, was also tested for catalytic activity to determinethe eect of MOF topology on heterogeneous catalysis.The variation of pore metrics is demonstrated through each chapter and showhow powerful and useful reticular chemistry is through variation of structuralelements for specic uses. While catalytic MOFs are in their infancy, the future isbright for catalytically active MOFs to come to the forefront of chemical industry.
Combustion of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil

Scrap tyres were pyrolysed in a one tonne batch pyrolysis unit to produce an oil, char, gas and steel product. The derived oil was analysed for fuel properties, including calorific value, elemental analysis, sulphur, nitrogen, chloride and fluoride content. In addition, a single oil droplet combustion study was carried out and the oil was also analysed in detail for its content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Comparison of the tyre oil fuel properties with those of petroleum-derived fuels was made. The oil was combusted in an 18.3kW ceramic-lined, oil-fired, spray burner furnace, 1.6m in length × 0.5m internal diameter. The emissions of NOx, SO2, paniculate and total unburned hydrocarbons were determined in relation to excess oxygen levels. In addition, the solvent organic fraction of the soot was extracted and analysed for PAH concentration and compared with the PAH content of the original fuel. Throughout the combustion tests, comparison of the emissions was made with the combustion of diesel fuel as a representative of a petroleum-derived fuel with similar properties. The oils were found to contain 1.4wt% sulphur and 0.45 wt% nitrogen and have similar fuel properties to those of diesel fuel/light fuel oil. Total PAH in the tyre oil were 9.2 wt% compared to diesel fuel which contained 3.1 wt%. Combustion of the tyre pyrolysis oil in the furnace showed that emissions of NOx, and SO2 were higher than when diesel fuel was used, which was attributed to the higher nitrogen and sulphur contents in the tyre oil. Particulate and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions were negligible and PAH were not detected in the normal operating mode of the furnace.
The institutionalization and evolutionary dynamics of interorganizational alliances and networks.

An oxygen absorbent composition consisting essentially of (a) an oxygen absorbent comprising a dithonite as a main component and (b) a fiber material in an amount of from about 1 to about 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the oxygen absorbent and a process for producing the same are disclosed.
Multilevel IRT model assessment

Modelling complex cognitive and psychological outcomes in, for example, educational assessment led to the development of generalized item response theory (IRT) models. A class of models was developed to solve practical and challenging educational problems by generalizing the basic IRT models. An IRT model can be used to define a relation between observed categorical responses and an underlying latent trait, such as, ability or attitude. Subsequently, the latent trait variable can be seen as the outcome in a regression analysis. That is, a regression model defines the relation between the latent trait and the set of predictors. The combination of both models, a regression model imposed on the ability parameter in an IRT model, can be viewed as an extension to the class of IRT models.
Nonaqueous synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles, structural characterization, and magnetic properties

The synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of crystalline manganese oxide nanoparticles are presented. The procedure is based on the reaction of benzyl alcohol with the two precursors: potassium permanganate KMnO4 and manganese(II) acetylacetonate Mn(acac)2. Depending on the precursor used, the composition of the final product can be varied in such a way that in the case of KMnO4 mainly Mn3O4 is formed, whereas Mn(acac)2 leads predominantly to MnO. Rietveld refinement of the XRD powder patterns, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, as well as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were employed for the structural characterization of the as-synthesized compounds. Especially the MnO manganosite nanocrystals exhibit some interesting features. HRTEM investigations point to the formation of a superstructure, which can be described as an ordered Mn vacancy cubic superstructure with the general formula of Mn0.875Ox and a lattice parameter of 8.888 A. The SQUID measurement proves a superparamagnetic behavior of the MnO nanoparticles.
Chemical constituents of Cassia mimosoides Linn.

Eigth compounds were isolated from the ethanol extraction of Cassia mimosoides Linn. using by menthod of silica gel column and chromatograghy separation. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as emodin (1), luteolin (2), 1,3-benzenediol (3), oleanolic acid (4), (R)-artabotriol (5), α-L-rhamnose (6), β-sitosterol (7) and daucosterol (8). All compounds except 1 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound 5 was obtained from Leguminosae for the first time.
A Study of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion Process by Chemiluminescence Imaging

An experimental study of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion process has been conducted by using chemiluminescence imaging. The major intent was to characterize the flame structure and its transient behavior. To achieve this, time resolved images of the naturally emitted light were taken. Emitted light was studied by recording its spectral content and applying different filters to isolate species like OH and CH.Imaging was enabled by a truck-sized engine modified for optical access. An intensified digital camera was used for the imaging. Some imaging was done using a streak-camera, capable of taking eight arbitrarily spaced pictures during a single cycle, thus visualizing the progress of the combustion process. All imaging was done with similar operating conditions and a mixture of n-heptane and iso-octane was used as fuel.Some 20 crank angles before Top Dead Center (TDC), cool flames were found to exist. They appear with a faint structure, evenly distributed throughout the combustion chamber. There was no luminosity recorded between the end of cool flames and the start of the main heat release. Around TDC the main heat release starts. Looking at a macro scale, we find that the charge starts to burn simultaneously at arbitrary points throughout the charge. Since the thermal boundary layer is colder than the bulk of the charge, the local heat release is delayed close to the walls. As a result, the total heat release is slowed down. Ensemble averaged1 images show this wall boundary effect clearly when plotted against CAD. The peak intensity at the main combustion event is one order of magnitude greater than that of the cool flame and the structure is a lot more protruding.Since spontaneous emission imaging is a line-of-sight integration, the flame structure appears a bit smeared. The micro scale structure is very similar from one cycle to another, but there are large variations between cycles on the macro scale. (Less)
Column studies on the removal of dissolved organic carbon, turbidity and heavy metals from stormwater using granular activated carbon

AbstractStormwater pollutants have the capacity to damage aquatic environments if they are discharged untreated. Suspended solids (turbidity), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metals removal from stormwater were investigated in batch and fixed-bed column experiments. Field studies revealed that turbidity and DOC in stormwater were effectively removed at filtration velocities of 5, 10 and 11.5 m/h using a 100 cm high granular activated carbon (GAC) filter column. At the higher filtration velocities of 10 and 11.5 m/h, adding a pre-treatment 100 cm high anthracite filter column further improved DOC and turbidity removal. Batch and column laboratory adsorption experiments at pH 6.5–7.2 using GAC showed that the order of removal efficiency for solutions containing single and mixed metals was Pb, Cu > Zn > Ni, Cd. This order was related to the solubility product and first hydrolysis constants of these metals’ hydroxides. This study confirmed that GAC filter is effective in removing turbidity, DOC and h.
Toxicity analysis of azo Red BS and Methyl Red dye solutions on earthworm (Pheretima phosthuma), micro-organisms, and plants

Abstract Azo dyes containing effluent from various textile industries adversely affects water resources, soil fertility, aquatic organisms as well as animals. Pure cultures of bacteria or bacterial consortia have been successfully applied for the biodegradation of toxic dye effluents. In this view, toxicity analysis of Red BS and Methyl Red dyes and their biologically decolorized solutions were studied on earthworm (Pheretima phosthuma), plants, and micro-organisms. Different types of morphological symptoms were observed upon exposure of dye solutions on earthworm. Mortality rate in terms of LD50 value was determined for both the dye solutions. The LD50 of untreated Red BS and Methyl Red dye solution was 120.22 and 218.77 mg l−l, respectively. Alteration in the protein content was observed in various organs, head, clitella, and abdomen of earthworms on exposure of dye solutions and the presence of proteins under stress condition was studied using Sodium dodecyl sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.
Minimum Cooking Time for Potato Strip Frying

The maximum force for shearing was used as texture parameter for raw and cooked potato strips. The force was satisfactorily correlated with the cook value C (equivalent cooking time at 100°C) showing complete cooking for C ≥ 300 sec. Thermal histories measured at the center of strips fried under different oil temperatures suggested the heat and mass transfer mechanisms involved in the frying process and allowed the calculation of the minimum frying time to assure cooking at the strip center. This time was independent of the oil temperature and slightly dependent on the strip size.
Colloidal stabilization of graphene sheets by ionizable amphiphilic block copolymers in various media

In this work, linear polystyrene-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) and heteroarm star PS_22P2VP_22 ionizable block copolymers were used as dispersing agents for the liquid-phase exfoliation of pristine graphene. Various strategies such as direct exfoliation, film hydration and phase transfer have been employed and compared. The best strategy involved a two-step process, namely, pre-exfoliation of graphite in polymer/CHCl3 solutions followed by phase transfer to acidified water. High concentrations of stable aqueous suspensions of graphene flakes, highly enriched in monolayer structures, were then obtained by using the star-shaped copolymers as stabilizers. The as-prepared graphene/copolymer hybrids were used as a filler material in order to prepare functional polymer composites for mechanical reinforcement. Such copolymer-modified graphene sheets have proven to be efficient reinforcing agents of PVA, as a significant increase of storage modulus (145% higher than that of neat PVA) was achieved even at a low graphene weight fraction of 0.1 wt%.
Primary marine organic aerosol: A dichotomy of low hygroscopicity and high CCN activity

High‐time resolution measurements of primary marine organic sea‐spray physico‐chemical properties reveal an apparent dichotomous behavior in terms of water uptake: specifically sea‐spray aerosol enriched in organic matter possesses a low hydroscopic Growth Factor (GF∼1.25) while simultaneously having a cloud condensation nucleus/condensation nuclei (CCN/CN) activation efficiency of between 83% at 0.25% supersaturation and 100% at 0.75%. In contrast, the activation efficiency of particles dominated by non‐sea‐salt (nss)‐sulfate ranged between 48–100% over supersaturation range of 0.25%–1%. Simultaneous retrieval of Cloud Droplet Number Concentration (CDNC) during primary organic aerosol plumes reveals CDNC concentrations of 350 cm−3 for organic mass concentrations 3–4 μg m−3. It is demonstrated that the retrieved high CDNCs under clean marine conditions can only be explained by organic sea‐spray and corroborates the high CCN activation efficiency associated with primary organics. It is postulated that marine hydrogels are responsible for this dichotomous behavior.