Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of temporary once-daily milking in early lactation on milk production and nutritional status of dairy cows

Chez 50 vaches Holstein (15 primipares), nous avons etudie l'effet de la traite temporaire une fois par jour, a partir du velage, sur la production laitiere et l'etat nutritionnel. Les vaches primipares ont ete reparties en deux lots: un lot temoin (Pc) trait en permanence 2 fois/j et un lot experimental (P3) trait une fois/j pendant les trois premieres semaines de lactation puis deux fois par jour. Les vaches multipares ont ete reparties en trois lots: un lot temoin (Mc) trait en permanence deux fois par jour ; un lot experimental trait une fois par jour pendant les trois premieres semaines de lactation puis deux fois par jour (lot M3) ; un autre lot experimental trait une fois par jour pendant les six premieres semaines de lactation puis deux fois par jour (lot M6). L'essai s'est termine a la fin de la periode hivernale. La traite une fois par jour n'a pas semble provoquer d'inconfort chez les vaches. Elle a diminue la production laitiere de 2,7 kg.j -1 en 1 re semaine de lactation, de 8,4 kg.j -1 en 3 e semaine, et de 14,5 kg.j -1 en 6 e semaine. Son effet n'a pas ete different entre les vaches primipares et multipares (p > 10 %). Des la premiere semaine de traite deux fois.j -1 , la production laitiere des vaches experimentales a augmente de 6,8 kg.j -1 (difference non significative entre les lots P3, M3 et M6). A partir de la semaine 7 la production laitiere des lots P3 et M3 a ete, en moyenne, plus faible que celle des lots Pc et Mc de 2,4 kg.j -1 en moyenne, et celle du lot M6 a ete plus faible que celle du lot Mc de 5,4 kg.j -1 en moyenne. Le taux proteique du lait des vaches traites une fois par jour a ete plus eleve que celui des vaches temoins, de 2,4 g.kg -1 pendant les periodes experimentale et post-experimentale. Le nombre de cellules somatiques dans le lait n'a pas ete significativement different entre les lots. Les vaches traites une fois.j -1 ont perdu moins d'etat corporel et moins de poids vif en debut de lactation que les vaches temoins, et elles ont presente un bilan energetique moins negatif ou plus positif (difference significative pour le lot M6). Le profil sanguin (teneurs en glucose, acides gras libres, 3-hydroxybutyrate) a atteste un meilleur equilibre energetique des vaches traites une fois par jour en debut de lactation. Cet essai suggere que les vaches fortes productrices supportent sans inconvenient apparent d'etre traites une fois par jour pendant le debut de la lactation et qu'il pourrait etre envisageable d'alimenter ces animaux avec des regimes plus pauvres en concentres que maintenant, sans accroissement des risques sanitaires.
Influence of mesoscale oceanographic processes on larval distribution and stock structure in jackass morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus: Cheilodactylidae)

The distribution of morwong larvae in the southwestern Tasman Sea was investigated during autumn/early winter over three consecutive years (1992-1994). Larvae were confined to surface tows and large numbers (6-30 mm in length) were captured up to 250 km east of Tasmania (the limit of sampling). The jackass morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus) dominated samples, although larvae of the banded morwong (Cheilodactylus spectabilis) were also recorded. N. macropterus larvae were found within water masses derived from the East Australian Current (EAC) and Sub-tropical Convergence Zone (STCZ). Back-calculated spawning dates, significant differences in otolith microstructure, and inferred current patterns suggest that larvae from within each water mass originate from different spawning regions: a northern one (probably southern New South Wales and eastern Victoria) and a southern one (probably western and southern Tasmania). There was a significant positive relationship between larval age and distance offshore. Seasonal movements of the major water masses provide mechanisms that may facilitate regionally self-sustaining populations in northern and southern regions with an area of recruitment derived from both regions covering eastern Tasmania and Bass Strait. Larval distribution and advection processes suggest spatially variable levels of mixing between spawning regions. These data provide an explanation for both the lack of previously detected population sub-structuring from genetics studies and the multiple spawning population scenario suggested by otolith microchemistry studies.
A Study of the Mechanism of Government Intervention on Excess Capacity Through the Enterprise Overinvestment in China

This article summarizes government publications focusing on excess capacity from the 1990s to 2016 and argues that the market-oriented principle needs to be established to deal with the long-standing excess capacity issues in China. Based on the specificity of the long-term excess capacity in China, this article puts forward the hypothesis: The excess capacity in China is derived from the enterprise’s overinvestment, and the government intervention is one of the main drivers of the problem. The intervention is actuated by the GDP-based government performance assessment through such means as offering privileges on land use, environmental ignorance, natural resource provision and financial support. This article (a) calculates capacity utilization of 30 manufacturing industries, (b) builds a ‘mediation effect model of overinvestment’, and (c) makes use of the industrial data, economic development data and capacity utilization from 1998 to 2017 to test the hypothesis. The result shows that government intervention indeed has a significant influence on excess capacity. The support for land use and the tolerance for environmental pollution are two of the most persuasive reasons. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to make greater efforts to deepen the market reforms, standardize and improve the factor market so as to accelerate innovation, and push for industrial upgrading.
Comparison of broiler performance using Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), Bio-Sel-E and commercial diet

An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of Plantain (PL), Bio-Sel-E and commercial broiler diet on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, performance index and carcass yield of broiler. A total of 160 day old broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly distributed into four groups with four replication in each group and having 10 birds in each replication . Basal diet was used for group 1 (control), Basal diet was supplemented with PL (0.5% of DM basis) and Bio-Sel-E (5g/50 birds in drinking water) for group 2 and 3 respectively and for group 4 used commercial broiler diet (Quality Feed Ltd.). Total feed intake was similar among the groups. F eed conversion ratios of PL diet, Bio-Sel- E diet, and commercial broiler diet were comparable, and were lower (P<0.05) than the control diet. Significantly higher body weight gain and performance index were found in PL, Bio-Sel-E and commercial broiler diet groups than control diet. The dressing yield of PL diet and commercial broiler diet were comparable, and they were higher (P<0.05) than Control diet and Bio-Sel-E diet. It could be concluded that the Supplementation of 0.5% PL in the diet had positive effect on growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, performance index and carcass characteristics of broilers almost similar of Bio-Sel-E and commercial broiler diet. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} DOI: http://dx.doi. org/ 10.3329/bjas.v42i2. 18492 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 123-130 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
A functionalised carbon nanotube-gelatin-Zn doped HA composite coating for bone grafting application

ABSTRACT To improve the surface bioactivity of carbon/carbon composites, functionalized carbon nanotube-gelatin-Zn doped hydroxyapatite (FIC-GL-ZnH) composite coatings were fabricated on carbon/carbon composites by a combination method of chemical vapor deposition, soaking and electrochemical deposition method. The morphology, bonding strength and in-vitro bioactivity of composite coating were investigated. Results showed that the functionalized carbon nanotube-gelatin could not only bond with the carbon/carbon composite substrate tightly by in-situ grown mode but also provide a three-dimensional network structure for the infiltration of Zn doped hydroxyapatite. The FIC-GL-ZnH coating with spherical shape had excellent bonding strength, which was about 2.3 times higher than that obtained for Zn doped hydroxyapatite coating. In-vitro bioactivity test demonstrated that the FIC-GL-ZnH coating could induce the formation of bone-like apatite with particle shape, exhibiting good in-vitro bioactivity. It was suggested that the FIC-GL-ZnH coating might be an effective method to improve the surface bioactivity of carbon/carbon composites.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PECTINASE IN PLANT PENETRATION BY APHIDS

The feeding punctures of 36 examples of forms of 19 species of aphids on their host plants were examined histologically. The types of plant penetration by the aphids' stylets were compared with the occurrence of pectinase in the saliva of these insects. In 17 cases the aphids penetrated only between cells, and all these insects possessed pectinase; in 9 cases the aphids penetrated directly through cells, and all these aphids lacked pectinase. In five instances aphids possessing pectinase penetrated directly through cells; and there were five examples, all possessing pectinase, that penetrated both between and through cells in the same probe. No aphid lacking pectinase penetrated between cells in the pectic middle lamella. It is suggested that pectinase aids intercellular penetration by its hydrolytic action, but that the enzyme is not necessary when the aphid penetrates directly through cells.
Low Recruitment of Trees Dispersed by Animals in African Forest Fragments

Abstract: We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on the disappearance of fruit‐eating animals and the recruitment of animal‐, wind‐, and gravity‐dispersed trees in 80‐year‐old forest patches in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. We compared adult and juvenile trees in forest transects in a 3500–ha submontane forest with those in four forest fragments of 521, 30, 9, and 0.5 ha. Preliminary results show that recruitment of seedlings and juveniles of 31 animal‐dispersed tree species was more than three times greater in continuous forest and large forest fragments (≥30 ha) than in small forest fragments (≤9 ha), whereas recruitment of eight wind‐ and gravity‐dispersed trees of the forest interior was unaffected. Recruitment of 10 endemic, animal‐dispersed tree species was 40 times lower in small fragments than in continuous forest or large fragments. Counts of diurnal primates and birds in all five sites indicated that frugivorous species have declined with decreasing fragment size. These results are consistent with the idea that loss of dispersal agents depresses tree recruitment in the course of forest fragmentation.
Deep Learning Based Classification for Tomato Diseases Recognition

The rapid and accurate identification of tomato diseases is the basis of crop disease control. In order to achieve accurate identification of tomato diseases, this paper first explores the impact of model depth and the presence or absence of mixup data enhancement on the ResNet model. Experimental results show that using the data set enhanced by mixup can effectively make the model more robust. At the same time, ResNet34 depth model recognition accuracy is higher. Considering the differences in classification accuracy and calculation speed between ResNet and SE-ResNet, the paper chooses the SE-ResNet model as the basis of the network structure. We tuned the model and built a SE-ResNet network that is more suitable for tomato disease identification. The experimental results show that the accuracy of training SE-ResNet using datasets such as mixup is 88.83%. Our model can effectively identify various tomato diseases and the severity of each tomato disease.
Ontogenic changes in prey consumption by the stonefly Paragnetina media in relation to temporal variation in prey nutrient content

In Duffin Creek, Ontario, nymphs of the predatory stonefly Paragnetina media (Perlidae) commonly feed on detritus and three prey types: hydropsychid larvae (Hydropsyche sparna and Hydropsyche slossonae), nymphs of the mayfly Baetis tricaudatus, and chironomid larvae belonging to subfamilies Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae. This study examined temporal changes in the nutrient (lipid and protein) content of these prey to determine if the predator tracks food resources by selecting prey on the basis of nutrient requirements at different stages in its own development. All three common prey types exhibited temporal variation in lipid levels, with peaks occurring at different times: June for the hydropsychids, August for the chironomids, and October for B. tricaudatus. Prey protein levels were less variable. The proportions of the prey types that were eaten varied throughout the year and according to predator size. For example, while small P. media ate mostly detritus, they also consumed early-instar hydropsychi.
Environmental, Economic, and Social Consequences of the Oil Palm Boom

Rising global demand for vegetable oil during the last few decades has led to a drastic increase in the land area under oil palm. Especially in Southeast Asia, the oil palm boom has contributed to economic growth, but it has also spurred criticism about negative environmental and social effects. Here, we discuss palm oil production and consumption trends and review environmental, economic, and social consequences in different parts of the world. The oil palm expansion has contributed to tropical deforestation and associated losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Simultaneously, it has increased incomes, generated employment, and reduced poverty among farm and nonfarm households. Around 50% of the worldwide oil palm land is managed by smallholders. Sustainability trade-offs between preserving global public environmental goods and private economic benefits need to be reduced. We discuss policy implications related to productivity growth, rainforest protection, mosaic landscapes, land property rights, sustainability certification, and smallholder inclusion, among others.
Family, visitors and the weather: patterns of flowering in tropical rain forests of northern Australia

1 A data base on the flowering phenology of the Wet Tropics bioregion of far northern Queensland, Australia, has been constructed, based upon over 36 774 records from two Queensland‐based herbaria. 2 Flowering patterns have been analysed against the predictions of three overlapping hypotheses based on climatic, biotic and phylogenetic explanations. No one hypothesis is supported to the exclusion of the others. 3 Patterns of flowering in the Wet Tropics show marked seasonal increases and decreases, except in the northern lowlands. In general this seasonality correlates with rainfall and temperature and is exacerbated by increasing latitude and altitude. 4 There is little or no statistical evidence for the over‐dispersion of flowering times that would indicate a competition‐avoidance mechanism: flowering within taxa or morphological groups tends to be clumped (and if not, is random). 5 That clumping of flowering within taxa does not coincide with a single season provides support for a mass action hypothesis based on the minimization of generalist predation and/or the avoidance of flower predation. 6 Timing of flowering did show some consistency among species within genera and within families, but there was little consistency at higher taxonomic levels. Clear separation of the biotic and phylogenetic hypotheses requires greater knowledge of pollination ecology and phylogeny of this large and diverse flora. 7 Understanding of flowering patterns and their underlying determining mechanisms is a key to assessing the ecosystem health of the forest. Our results highlight the importance of competitive interactions and of physical and evolutionary factors as determinants of flowering time, intensity and co‐occurrence in tropical forests.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-HEPATITIS C VIRUS ACTIVITY OF NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVES OF N 3,5′-ANHYDRO-4-(β-D-RIBOFURANOSYL)-8-AZAPURIN-2-ONES

A series of N3,5′-Anhydro-4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-8-azapurin-2-ones were prepared in multistep reactions from uridine as potential anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents. The synthetic details as well as biological evaluations are discussed.
Bioturbation behaviour of the spatangoid urchin Abatus ingens in Antarctic marine sediments

A series of in situ and aquarium experiments were conducted in the vicinity of the Bailey Peninsula area (Casey Station, East Antarctica) to investigate the bioturbation behaviour of the Antarctic spatangoid urchin Abatus ingens (Koehler 1928). Rates of sediment transport by A. ingens were estimated from measurements of locomotion rates, sediment reworking depth and feeding rates. A. ingens bioturbates and feeds on the surface sediment (top 1 to 2 cm) by pushing diatom communities and sediment ahead and to the side of its track, thus increasing vertical and horizontal sediment transport. Over a 24 h period in situ, A. ingens spends prolonged periods of time stationary (16.7 h) and only short periods of time in locomotion (7.3 h). In the aquarium, however, A. ingens was observed to spend half of the time moving and the other half stationary. Locomotion rate measured in the aquarium was faster (1.95 cm h -1 [1.20 SD]) than in situ (0.30 cm h -1 [0.27 SD]). In addition, A. ingens moves significantly faster during light hours than periods of darkness in situ. An ingestion rate of 0.02 to 0.06 g h -1 of dry sediment was measured for A. ingens, with a gut sediment passage time of 72 to 97 h. A. ingens reworks 2.76 cm 3 h -1 (2.52 SD) in situ; however, this calculation (based on forward movement only) may be an underestimate because A. ingens still reworks the sediment (via rocking and rotating on the spot) when it is not moving forwards. It is concluded that A. ingens is a significant contributor to the reworking of sediments in the Antarctic benthic environment.
Matching Methods for Clustered Observational Studies in Education

Abstract Many interventions in education occur in settings where treatments are applied to groups. For example, a reading intervention may be implemented for all students in some schools and withheld from students in other schools. When such treatments are nonrandomly allocated, outcomes across the treated and control groups may differ due to the treatment or due to baseline differences between groups. When this is the case, researchers can use statistical adjustment to make treated and control groups similar in terms of observed characteristics. Recent work in statistics has developed matching methods designed for contexts where treatments are clustered. This form of matching, known as multilevel matching, may be well suited to many education applications where treatments are assigned to schools. In this article, we provide an extensive evaluation of multilevel matching and compare it to multilevel regression modeling. We evaluate multilevel matching methods in two ways. First, we use these matching methods in a within-study comparison design and attempt to recover treatment effect estimates from three clustered randomized trials. Second, we conduct a simulation study. We find evidence that generally favors an analytic approach to statistical adjustment that combines multilevel matching with regression adjustment. We conclude with an empirical application.
The sensory ecology of primate food perception

Although remembered space is thelongest-range food “sense,” actingwell beyond an individual’s immedi-ate sensory environment, it is the leastacute. In other words, primates mayknow precisely where a food source islocated, but need other sensory cuesto deﬁne narrowly what is and is notedible. Figure 1 is a map of the exter-nal senses of a primate attempting toforage in a tropical rain forest. Thescale is logarithmic, in accord withknown principles of psychophysicalresponse to sensory stimuli.
Bayesian quantification of strongly-interacting matter with color glass condensate initial conditions

A global Bayesian analysis of relativistic Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}_{\rm NN}$ = 2.76 TeV is performed, using a multistage model consisting of an IP-Glasma initial state, a viscous fluid dynamical evolution, and a hadronic transport final state. The observables considered are from the soft sector hadronic final state. Posterior and Maximum a Posteriori parameter distributions that pertain to the IP-Glasma and hydrodynamic phases are obtained, including the shear and bulk specific viscosity of strong interacting matter. The first use of inference with transfer learning in heavy-ion analyses is presented, together with Bayes Model Averaging.
Function and nutritional roles of the avian caeca: a review

The role of the avian caeca in the maintenance of gut health, fermentation of undigested nutrients, re-cycling of nitrogen from urine, and modulation of the gut microflora is not well understood. Thus, this review details the function of the avian caeca from anatomical, physiological, microbial and nutritional points of view in the context of poultry production. Due to anatomical and physiological adaptations, only small and/or soluble particles will be refluxed into the caeca together with urine and digestive fluids. Here, salts and water will be reabsorbed, and uric acid and carbohydrates will be fermented by the abundant microflora to ammonia and volatile fatty acids. Thus, the caeca may play a role for the nutritional status of the bird, although the quantitative significance for high-yielding domesticated poultry remains to be elucidated.
Clinical profile of patients with post-caesarean wound infection: experience of Patan Hospital, Nepal

Introduction: Would infection following caesarean delivery adds physical, psychological, and health burden to individual and health care system. This hospital based study aim to determine the rate of infection, the risk factors, pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity. Method: A prospective study was carried out to analyze the wound infection in women following caesarean delivery in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patan Hospital, Nepal, between January 2018 to December 2018. The study was approved from the institutional review committee. Clinicodemographic data during perinatal period of caesarean delivery were descriptive analyzed in relation to wound infection. Result: Wound infection occurred in 102 (3.1%)of 3285 caesarean section (of total 7131 deliveries during the study period. The caesarean SSI rate was 3.1%, all were incisional SSI (84 superficial and 18 deep) and there were no organ-space SSI. Majority (81.3%) SSI cases were detected in emergency LSCS. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci was the most common organism isolated from wound swab. Routine postoperative antibiotics did not have a major impact in reducing wound infection rate. Multiple per vaginal examinations, prolonged rupture of membrane and staples for skin closure were more commonly associated with SSI. Conclusion: Reduction in caesarean rate is the major key factor for decreasing the post caesarean wound infection. Protocol should be developed and strictly implemented by all the health care professionals in order to minimize and prevent the infection rate after caesarean section. Keyword: Caesarean section, surgical site infection (SSI), wound infection