Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTIMUM HYPER-SPECTRAL BAND SELECTION FOR MONITORING ALGAE WITH DIFFERENT TURBIDITY LEVELS IN ISHIZUCHI STORM WATER RESERVOIR IN KOCHI PREFECTURE, JAPAN

The remote estimation of algae pollution in open seawaters (Case1 waters) is extensively discussed in the remote sensing literature. Many existing algorithms accurately estimate the amount of chlorophyll within such waters from remotely sensed data. However, these algorithms cannot be used for the chlorophyll estimation in turbid inland and coastal waters (Case 2 waters), where algae content does not generally correlate significantly with suspended sediments concentrations. This study aimed to develop a chlorophyll estimation model by taking into account different levels of turbidity to monitor the algae pollution in the Ishizuchi storm water reservoir in Kochi Prefecture. The spectral response characteristics of the Ishizuchi reservoir water were examined using a handy hyperspectral spectroradiometer type Field SpecPro. A series of reflectance measurements in the spectral range between 450 and 2,350nm was carried out in a batch. Five different levels of suspended sediments concentration (50 to 500NTU) using standard Kaolin were prepared in the batch filled with reservoir water at different chlorophyll concentrations ranging from 5 to 100ug/L. The spectral data were integrated in the bandwidths of Landsat-7/ETM. Each band was further split into 5nm sub-bands. The spectral bands of 70 in total were used in the principal components analysis to determine the optimum spectral sub-bands ratio for chlorophyll estimation. The ratio of reflectance values in the sub-band centered at 762 nm in the NIR to the reflectance values in the sub-band centered at 662 nm in the red was found to be optimum predictor of chlorophyll concentrations in Ishizuchi reservoir. The regression model developed from this ratio is valid for the in-site chlorophyll estimation in the Ishizuchi reservoir.
Aggregation of the Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus over the ocean floor of the Greenland Sea

According to combined observations from vertical plankton tows, dredging with epibenthic nets 1m above the ocean floor, video recordings and acoustic data from a scanning sonar obtained during descent and during deployment on the ocean floor, the calanoid copepod Calanus hyperboreus was aggregated in high concentrations near the ocean floor of the Greenland Sea between 2300 and 2500m during late July and August. Concentrations were highest very close to the ocean floor and decreased rapidly further upward. These nearly mono-specific aggregations were apparently drifting in cloud-like formations with a horizontal extension of ca. 270m with the near-bottom currents. Maximum abundances observed were up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than in the water column. The biomass in the bottom 20m layer was around 18% of the biomass in the rest of the water column. Stage composition, reduced metabolic rates and insensibility to mechanical stimuli indicate that these C. hyperboreus were representing the resting population. The fact that high concentrations were observed during deployments lasting 41 d and in 3 years suggests that aggregation near the ocean floor is a regular, rather than an extraordinary, pattern in the life history of C. hyperboreus in the Greenland Sea, but there is need for comparison with other seas and eventually other Calanus species. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prediction of Soil Erosion in Pansoon Sub-basin, Malaysia using RUSLE Integrated in Geographical Information System

Water-borne erosion problem is one of the environmental problems faced globally particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to estimate the erosion rate at the Pansoon sub-basin using combination of conventional approach and remote sensing technology. Pansoon sub-basin is the upper stream of Langat watershed, Malaysia located in the mountainous area dominated by steep slopes and various type of soils which are the important factors contributed to soil erosion. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated in a Geographical Information System used to predict the soil erosion rate and spatially maps its distribution using rainfall, soil series and topography data to generate rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor and topography factor. Land use map was used to produce coverage and management practice factor. The result shows that 66% (7433 ha) of the Pansoon sub-basin is classified at very low risk, 22% of low risk (2433 ha), 5% of moderate (582 ha), 2% of the area with high risk (251 ha) and 5% of very high risk of erosion (549 ha). Pansoon sub-basin is prone to soil erosion problem on the southwest region may due to soil erodibility factor, slope length and slope steepness. Accuracy assessment was obtained between prediction model and field observation data (p=0.97) which means the RUSLE approach integrated in GIS is suitable to be used to predict and assessing the soil erosion rate. In conclusion, the prediction of soil erosion using RUSLE in GIS can be accurately assessed with the combination of field observation data.
Artificial Intelligence Approach for Stock Market

- Stock market prediction has become an attractive investigation topic due to its important role in economy. Financial forecasting is a difficult task due to the intrinsic complexity of the financial system. This work aims to use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for modeling and predicting the future price of a stock market index and achieving an effective model for predicting stock market future trends with Support Vector Machine (SVM)) and using Machine Learning. There is an urgent need to explore the stock market future behavior for avoiding risks of investment. Techniques of artificial intelligence are capable to take into account the complexities of the financial system. These techniques are employed as tools of financial time series prediction. The particular focus of our discussion is to develop and expand the techniques used in financial modeling to predict the future price of the stock market with accurate prediction result to optimize forecasting behavior in the market .
Re-Os Dating of Molybdenite from the Hnilec Permian Granite-Related Mineralisation – its Tectonic Significance ( Gemeric Unit , Slovakia )

bles and present-day Gemeric outcrops may be explained by the difference in the exhumation level during mid-Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous to Recent times, respectively. An alternative view assumes that the southern Western Carpathian zones experienced compressional tectonic regime during the Early Cretaceous (no sediments, deformation, 140 Ma thermal event – Vozárová et al., 2000), hence the area was likely uplifted and continuously eroded. This would be the first exhumation pulse triggered by compression, surface uplift, erosion and deposition of eroded material (including “exotic” granitoids) in an adjacent flysch basin. After that, the presently measured Upper Cretaceous zircon FT ages from Gemeric granites may have resulted from reheating during extensional unroofing of the Veporic metamorphic core complex in their footwall, i.e. they record the second exhumation pulse associated with extension and nearly no uplift and erosion.
Effect of long-term use of imbalanced and balanced nutrients in wheat under rice-wheat cropping system through chemical fertilizers and organic manure on biological properties of soil

A field experiment with wheat at the Crop Research Centre, Department of Agronomy, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, under a rice–wheat system was conducted to study the long-term effect of inorganic fertilizer and FYM on biological properties of soil after 29th cycles of wheat under rice–wheat cropping system. The experiment comprised 14 treatment combinations viz., N, P and K fertilizer application as individual component and use of chemical fertilizers in conjunction with farm yard manure. The experimental treatments were replicated four times. Combined application of inorganic fertilizer and FYM found the highest microbial population in bacteria, fungi, Actinomycetes, Azotobacter and phosphorous solubilizing bacteria in both the surface and sub-surface soil layers was due to N180+P80+K40+Zn(F)+FYM followed by N120+P40+K40+Zn(F)+FYM and N120+P40+K40+FYM while the lowest microbial population due to control. The present investigation clearly points out the significance of balanced and imbalanced use of nutrients including FYM in rice-wheat cropping system for improving the biological soil quality of wheat crop over a long period.
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation

Inter-job dependencies pervade shared data analytics infrastructures (so-called “data lakes”), as jobs read output ﬁles written by previous jobs, yet are often invisible to current cluster schedulers. Jobs are submitted one-by-one, without indicating dependencies, and the scheduler considers them independently based on priority, fairness, etc. This paper analyzes hidden inter-job dependencies in a 50k+ node analytics cluster at Microsoft, based on job and data provenance logs, ﬁnding that nearly 80% of all jobs depend on at least one other job. Yet, even in a business-critical setting, we see jobs that fail because they depend on not-yet-completed jobs, jobs that depend on jobs of lower priority, and other difﬁculties with hidden inter-job dependencies. The Wing dependency proﬁler analyzes job and data provenance logs to ﬁnd hidden inter-job dependencies, characterizes them, and provides improved guidance to a cluster scheduler. Speciﬁcally, for the 68% of jobs (in the analyzed data lake) that exhibit their dependencies in a recurring fashion, Wing predicts the impact of a pending job on subsequent jobs and user downloads, and uses that information to reﬁne valuation of that job by the scheduler. In simulations driven by real job logs, we ﬁnd that a traditional YARN scheduler that uses Wing-provided valuations in place of user-speciﬁed priorities extracts more value (in terms of successful dependent jobs and user downloads) from a heavily-loaded cluster. By relying completely on Wing for guidance, YARN can achieve nearly 100% of value at constrained cluster capacities, almost 2 × that achieved by using the user-provided job priorities.
FROST HEAVE IN LAKE-BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, MACKENZIE DELTA,

The frost-heave regime of lake-bottom sediments has been studied during winters 1987-88 and 1988-89 at a lake connected seasonally with the Mackenzie River near Inuvik. N.W. T. Sub-ice frost heave was measured with telescoping tubes and by precise levelling; the lake-bottom thermal regime was monitored with thermistor cables. Air temperatures were similar during both winters, but a thinner snowcover during 1988-89 led to thicker primary ice. greater frost penetration into lake-bottom sediments. and greater frost heave than during 1987-88. In 1988-89, maximum measurements of ice thickness. frost penetration and frost heave were 77 cm, 180 cm and 30 cm respectively. About 10% of segregational frost heave occurred in frozen sediment some distance above the frost front. W i g 1987-88 lake water, under pressure due to recharge, was injected into freezing sediment to form intrusive ice. Little evidence of intrusive ice was found in 1988-89 because recharge was lower than during 1987-88. Le regime de soulkvement par le gel des sddiments de fond de lac a Bd BtudiB au cows des hivers 1987-88 et 1988-89. dam un lac rattach6 annuellement au Fleuve Mackenzie prks d'Inuvik. T.N-0. Le soul&vement par le gel sous la glace a Bd mesurC au moyen de tubes dlCscopiques et par nivellement de prkision; le rBgime thermique du fond lacustre a C d suivi 8 l'aide de cibles 8 thermistors. Les tern~ratures de l'air Btaient semblables pendant les deux hivers, mais une couvertme nivale mince en 1988-89 a favorid la croissance d'une glace plus Bpaisse, une &itration plus profonde du gel dam les &ments lacustres, et un soulkvement par le gel plus important que pendant 1987-88. En 1988-89. les mesures maximales de 1'Bpaisseur de la glace. de la p6nBtration du gel. et du soulkvement par le gel ont 6d de 77 cm. 180 cm et 30 cm. Environ 10% du soulevement par le gel s'est produit par sBgr6gation de glace dans les ddirnents gel& 8 quelque distance au dessus du front de gel. En 1987-88 de l'eau lacustre, pressuriske par le rechargement, h t inject& dans les ddiments gel& et forma de la glace intrusive. Peu d'6vidences de la glace intrusive Btaient observ&s en 1988-89 pace que le rechargement ktait moindre qu'en 1987-88.
Lateral structural variations of Poisson’s ratio and attenuation coefficient in the upper crust of eastern and south-eastern Anatolia

In this study, lateral 2D Poisson’s ratio and local attenuation coefficient changes have been examined using the 2473 digital earthquake data of eastern and south-eastern Turkey. Data used for this work came from the seismic records of events recorded by the stations of the Boğazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) as well as the Atatürk University Earthquake Research Centre (AUERC). The method used in this study was based on 2D Poisson’s ratio calculated from Pand Svelocity values and epicentre distance-amplitude attenuation coefficient methods. The estimated Poisson’s ratio values for the 17 stations ranged from 0.142 to 0.309. Attenuation coefficient ratios were found to be between 1.072 and 1.362, with an average of 1.226. Pand Swave velocity values for eastern and southeastern Anatolia were determined as 6.317 and 3.608 km/s, respectively. These values were obtained from earthquake data with epicentre distances ranging from 15 to 184 km and focus depths ranging from 1.3 to 11.2 km. The lowest attenuation coefficients were obtained at the URFA station, while the highest attenuation coefficient values were observed at the SIRT and MALT stations. High σ values were observed in the northern part of the study area and SW of the Bitlis-Zagros thrust belt, whereas the lowest σ values were obtained at the Karliova triple junction and its surroundings. This study shows that different tectonic structures and actively deformed systems can be described by dynamic parameters such as local attenuation values and Poisson’s ratio of the near-upper Earth crust.
Emerging Subsea Networks

Government-appointed regulators have an important role in safeguarding the health of the marine environment. In recent years, they have increased their scrutiny of submarine cable operations. A recently-introduced a spect of environmental regulation, that is unfamiliar across much of the submarine cable indus try, is the regulators’ scrutiny of underwater sounds. This paper reviews underwater so unds made by cable engineering operations; and how these sounds affect marine wild life. Regulators’ requirements in different jurisdictions will be described, based on recent ex perience of permit applications.
Maternal and infant factors linked with rotavirus vaccine outcome in three continents

Identifying risk factors for impaired oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy in low-income countries may lead to improvements in vaccine design and delivery. We measured maternal rotavirus antibodies, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), and bacterial gut microbiota development among infants receiving two doses of Rotarix in India (n = 307), Malawi (n = 119), and the UK (n = 60), using standardised methods across cohorts. ORV shedding and seroconversion rates were significantly lower in Malawi and India than the UK. Maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk were negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi, and this was mediated partly by a reduction in ORV replication. In the UK, ORV replication was not inhibited despite comparable maternal antibody levels. In both India and Malawi, pre-vaccination microbiota diversity was negatively correlated with ORV immunogenicity, suggesting that high early-life microbial exposure may contribute to impaired vaccine efficacy.
Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods

Specific and sensitive analytical methods are needed to guarantee the safety of gluten-free products for coeliac disease patients at the threshold of 20 mg gluten/kg. Immuno-chromatographic assays, usually available in dip-stick or lateral-flow format, provide rapid qualitative results indicating the presence or absence of gluten. In September 2015, an AOAC expert review panel accepted the qualitative immuno-chromatographic dip-stick system RIDA®QUICK Gliadin as an AOAC Official MethodSM of Analysis First Action 2015.16 for detection of gluten in corn-based food products. One part of the required validation was an international collaborative study with 18 participants who analysed 8 different processed and non-processed samples with different gluten concentrations. Since the official statistical evaluation at AOAC does not provide a calculation of: (1) the concentration and its prediction interval from which a user expects a positive result; and (2) what a negative result means, a new statistical approach was used. The method for modelling the probability of detection (POD) curve and confidence intervals of the LOD95 used a generalised linear mixed effects model together with a 4-parameter sigmoid curve to describe the variability of the POD curves for randomly chosen laboratories beyond those that participated in the study. The results confirmed that, in case of a positive result, a non-processed sample contains a minimum of 4.54 mg gluten/kg (prediction range 3.59-5.74 mg/kg) while a processed sample contains more than 6.29 mg gluten/kg (prediction range 3.8810.20 mg/kg). Therefore, the method is able to identify negative samples clearly below the threshold of 20 mg gluten/kg which is a prerequisite for gluten testing in food.
THE EXPLOITATION OF ULTRA LOW-ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN ORC PROCESS IN COMBINATION WITH RES AND HEAT PUMP

The paper presents a model of a binary-cycle hybrid power plant to be located in Topolšica, Šalek Valley, Slovenia. It is based on an ORC process and utilises several different renewable energy sources – geothermal energy, solar energy and wood biomass energy. The portion of geothermal energy is so low that it is used in the system as a source of energy for the utilisation in a heat pump, thus increasing the inlet temperature of the ORC process. The model of the hybrid ORC power plant dealt with in this paper is intended only for electricity production. The energy source used first is geothermal water from a well, entering the heat pump to heat the heat pump working medium. Solar energy and wood biomass energy are sources of heat flow, additionally heating the ORC process working medium. The paper presents the thermodynamic and economic analyses of this potential system.
Paradigmi. Rivista di critica filosofica, n. 2-2015 ELENA GAGLIASSO INDIVIDUALS AS ECOSYSTEMS: AN ESSENTIAL TENSION

The notion of individual as irreducible uniqueness has become an important epistemological device for modern evolutionary theory. At the same time different disciplinary tools, honed by constant technological innovation, have redefined in their turn the biological boundaries of what is understood as “individual”. In examining the constitutive role of “individual” (e.g. its theory making in population genetics), as well the problematic meaning of the concept (one composed by many), we may observe epistemic transfers of entities, whose philosophical depth is here the issue. «No one supposes that all the individuals of the same species are cast in the very same mould. These individual differences are highly important for us» states Darwin in the Origin of Species (1859, p. 45), focusing the individual differences as a crucial matter for natural selection. In contrast with the essentialist approach, which looks for an invariant property across organisms in a species, the Darwinian turning-point was the recognition of the essential irreducibility of differences among individuals, overcoming the universal integrity of species. In Darwin’s theory variety is not merely a deviation from a “normal” state, but rather inter-individual differences caught by population thinking are meant as basic requirements for natural selection and species change (Sober, 1980). Besides this “one long argument”, the Darwinian perspective entails other relevant approaches on the “individual” as an epistemologically unstable notion.
PHASE STUDY OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOTUBES FABRICATED VIA ANODIZATION IN HF ELECTROLYTE

This study focused on the phase study of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube fabricated via anodization in HF solution. The objectives of this study is to observe the structure of nanotube formed after anodizing the titanium foil at different pH using field emission-scanning electron microscope and to analyze the different phases of TiO2 heat treated at different temperature using X-ray diffraction tool. In order to form the TiO2 nanotube, various parameters were used during the anodization process. The parameters include pH value of the HF solution, anodizing time, and applied potential. The pH of HF solution used is 1, 5 and 9 for 10 minutes time duration at 20 V. The TiO2 nanotubes were heat treated at temperatures of 300, 500 and 700C with soaking time of 3 hours and cooling rate of 5C/min in a tube furnace to produce different phase of titanium dioxide. Phase identification from the titanium dioxide characterization indicates the presence of rutile and anatase peaks. The optimal condition for TiO2 nanotubes formation was pH 5 with an applied potential of 20 V.
Rectified Linear Postsynaptic Potential Function for Backpropagation in Deep Spiking Neural Networks

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) use spatiotemporal spike patterns to represent and transmit information, which are not only biologically realistic but also suitable for ultralow-power event-driven neuromorphic implementation. Just like other deep learning techniques, deep SNNs (DeepSNNs) benefit from the deep architecture. However, the training of DeepSNNs is not straightforward because the well-studied error backpropagation (BP) algorithm is not directly applicable. In this article, we first establish an understanding as to why error BP does not work well in DeepSNNs. We then propose a simple yet efficient rectified linear postsynaptic potential function (ReL-PSP) for spiking neurons and a spike-timing-dependent BP (STDBP) learning algorithm for DeepSNNs where the timing of individual spikes is used to convey information (temporal coding), and learning (BP) is performed based on spike timing in an event-driven manner. We show that DeepSNNs trained with the proposed single spike time-based learning algorithm can achieve the state-of-the-art classification accuracy. Furthermore, by utilizing the trained model parameters obtained from the proposed STDBP learning algorithm, we demonstrate ultralow-power inference operations on a recently proposed neuromorphic inference accelerator. The experimental results also show that the neuromorphic hardware consumes 0.751 mW of the total power consumption and achieves a low latency of 47.71 ms to classify an image from the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset. Overall, this work investigates the contribution of spike timing dynamics for information encoding, synaptic plasticity, and decision-making, providing a new perspective to the design of future DeepSNNs and neuromorphic hardware.