Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity and body fat distribution in New Zealanders: a pattern of coronary heart disease risk.

AIMS To describe the prevalence of obesity and the body fat distribution of New Zealanders. To discuss this in the context of the coronary heart disease risk. METHODS Body weight and height, body mass index (BMI), waist:hip ratio (WHR) and six skinfold measurements were determined for 3204 randomly selected New Zealanders who responded to an invitation to a health check (response rate 56%). RESULTS In the study sample BMI generally increased with age. Fifty five percent of men and 38 per cent of women aged 18-64 had a BMI exceeding 25, and of these 13 per cent and 10 per cent were obese (BMI > 30). WHR was greater in men than in women of all ages, and a third of the men and a quarter of the women had values exceeding 0.9 and 0.8 respectively. Central skinfold measurements (subscapular, suprailiac and abdominal) were lowest in young men, but rose markedly with age and were similar to women above age 35. Limb skinfolds were lower in men. CONCLUSIONS This survey indicates that a large percentage of New Zealanders are overweight or obese and their excess body fat tends to be centrally distributed, especially in men. Obesity is thus a significant health problem in New Zealand.
Phase II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with erlotinib for patients with limited but progressive metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE Patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progress through first-line therapy have poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), most commonly failing in original sites of gross disease. Cytoreduction with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may help systemic agents delay relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients in our single arm phase II study had stage IV NSCLC with no more than six sites of extracranial disease who failed early systemic chemotherapy and were able to receive SBRT and concurrent erlotinib until disease progression. After erlotinib commencement, SBRT with equipotent fractionation was delivered to all sites of disease. PFS, OS, and other end points were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-four patients (13 men and 11 women) with a median age of 67 years (range, 56-86 years) were enrolled with median follow-up of 11.6 months. All patients had progressed through platinum-based chemotherapy. A total of 52 sites were treated with 16 of 24 patients receiving SBRT to more than one site. Lung parenchyma was most often irradiated. Median PFS was 14.7 months, and median OS was 20.4 months. Most patients progressed in new distant sites with only three of 47 measurable lesions recurring within the SBRT field. Two grade 3 toxicities were radiation related. Zero of 13 patients tested were positive for an EGFR mutation. CONCLUSION Use of SBRT with erlotinib for unselected patients with stage IV NSCLC as a second- or subsequent line therapy resulted in dramatic changes in patterns of failure, was well tolerated, and resulted in high PFS and OS, substantially greater than historical values for patients who only received systemic agents.
N-gram Model for Chinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis

Detection and correction of Chinese grammatical errors have been two of major challenges for Chinese automatic grammatical error diagnosis.This paper presents an N-gram model for automatic detection and correction of Chinese grammatical errors in NLPTEA 2017 task. The experiment results show that the proposed method is good at correction of Chinese grammatical errors.
Concurrent multipath traffic impersonating for enhancing communication privacy

Network communication traditionally only uses encryption techniques for privacy and a single path for routing, which makes the communication vulnerable to attackers. Attackers easily obtain much important information by eavesdropping on the path and analyzing the communication traffic. To overcome the problem, we propose concurrent multipath traffic impersonating (CMTI), which obscures traffic features by camouflaging the traffic flow and dividing it into multiple parts. We propose a traffic impersonating technique based on statistical simulation, which make the secret traffic look like another normal and inconspicuous class to deceive attackers. And we present the packet scheduling algorithm to transfer the impersonating flows on multipath, for enhancing the communication efficiency and further increasing significantly the cost inflicted on attackers who wish to eavesdrop communication sessions. The empirical analysis demonstrates that concurrent multipath traffic imitating can effectively thwart traffic analysis and enhance communication efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Six Hundred Fifty-Six Consecutive Explorations for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

ObjectiveTo review the outcomes of 656 consecutive parathyroid explorations performed by a single surgeon and to compare the results of conventional and minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) techniques. Summary Background DataTraditional surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) involves bilateral cervical exploration, which is usually accomplished under general endotracheal anesthesia. The MIP technique involves preoperative localization with sestamibi scans, surgeon-administered cervical block anesthesia, directed exploration through a small incision, intraoperative rapid parathyroid hormone assay, and discharge within 2 to 3 hours of surgery. MethodsSix hundred fifty-six consecutive patients with primary HPTH underwent exploration between January 1990 and March 2001. ResultsMIP was used with ever-increasing frequency beginning in March 1998. Four hundred one procedures (61%) were performed using the standard technique and 255 patients (39%) were selected for MIP. The success rate for the entire series was 98%, with no significant differences comparing traditional and MIP techniques. The overall complication rate of 2.3% reflects 3.0% and 1.2% rates in the standard and MIP groups, respectively. MIP was associated with approximately a 50% reduction in operating time, a sevenfold reduction in length of hospital stay, and a mean cost savings of $2,693 per procedure, which represents nearly a 50% reduction in total hospital charges. ConclusionsA dramatic and sustained shift has occurred in the surgical treatment of primary HPTH: MIP has replaced traditional exploration for most patients.
Fbxw7 suppresses cancer metastasis by inhibiting niche formation

Fbxw7 has been identified as an oncosuppressor protein in many types of cancer. We have recently shown that loss of Fbxw7 in bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) promotes cancer metastasis by increasing production of the chemokine CCL2, which attracts monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Mo-MDSCs) and macrophages to the metastatic niche.
Effects of dietary protein degradability and casein or amino acid infusions on production and plasma amino acids in dairy cows.

Responses to daily abomasal infusions of 400 g sodium caseinate, 400 g hydrolyzed casein, or 11.3 g L-methionine plus 30.1 g L-lysine were compared in eight Holstein cows fed diets with estimated ruminal protein degradabilities of 70 and 60. %. Basal diets contained corn silage and corn with either soybean meal or 66.7:33.3 soybean meal:corn gluten meal added. Infusion with Methionine plus lysine increased milk protein content when cows fed either diet but increased milk fat content and yield only when the soybean meal diet was fed. Sodium caseinate increased milk and milk protein production and decreased milk fat percentage. Concentration of total essential amino acids, branched chain amino acids, and urea cycle amino acids were increased by the infusion of both casein sources. Methionine-lysine infusion increased plasma lysine and taurine, a metabolite of methionine, suggesting that absorbed methionine was extensively metabolized. Results demonstrate an impact of both ruminal degradability of dietary protein and form of infused protein on amino acid nutrition of lactating daily cows.
TLR5 functions as an endocytic receptor to enhance flagellin‐specific adaptive immunity

Innate immune activation via TLR induces dendritic cell maturation and secretion of inflammatory mediators, generating favorable conditions for naïve T‐cell activation. Here, we demonstrate a previously unknown function for TLR5, namely that it enhances MHC class‐II presentation of flagellin epitopes to CD4+ T cells and is required for induction of robust flagellin‐specific adaptive immune responses. Flagellin‐specific CD4+ T cells expanded poorly in TLR5‐deficient mice immunized with flagellin, a deficiency that persisted even when additional TLR agonists were provided. Flagellin‐specific IgG responses were similarly depressed in the absence of TLR5. In marked contrast, TLR5‐deficient mice developed robust flagellin‐specific T‐cell responses when immunized with processed flagellin peptide. Surprisingly, the adaptor molecule Myd88 was not required for robust CD4+ T‐cell responses to flagellin, indicating that TLR5 enhances flagellin‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses in the absence of conventional TLR signaling. A requirement for TLR5 in generating flagellin‐specific CD4+ T‐cell activation was also observed when using an in vitro dendritic cell culture system. Together, these data uncover an Myd88‐independent function for dendritic cell TLR5 in enhancing the presentation of peptides to flagellin‐specific CD4+ T cells.
Enumeration of function and bases of three-valued set logic under compositions with Boolean functions

This paper discusses some classification and enumeration problems in r-valued set logic, which is the logic of functions mapping n-tuples of subsets into subsets over r values. Boolean functions are convenient choice as building blocks in the design of set logic functions. Weak maximal sets are these containing all Boolean functions. The authors give the number of n-ary functions in each weak maximal set and and some properties of intersections of weak maximal sets in r-valued set logic. These properties are used to classify all three-valued set logic functions according to the weak maximal sets they belong to. They prove that there are 29 such classes of functions and give a unary function representative for each of them. Finally, they find the number of n-ary weak Sheffer functions of three-valued set logic, i.e. functions which are complete under compositions with Boolean functions. <<ETX>>
No association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in DLX6 and piccolo genes at 7q21‐q22 and autism

Several independent genome scans have revealed excess allele sharing in an overlapping 40 cM region of 7q21‐34 in autism. DLX6 and Piccolo (PCLO) at 7q21‐q22 are two positional and functional candidate genes in autism. We have investigated a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4 of the PCLO gene and a SNP in intron 1 of the DLX6 gene for linkage and association in autistic disorder using both qualitative and quantitative analyses. One hundred ninety‐six multiplex autistic disorder families were tested using transmission disequilibrium and two‐point affected sib pair linkage analysis. We found no evidence of association or linkage with the two intragenic markers. In addition, there was also no linkage or association between language and stereotypic behavior quantitative traits in autism and the SNPs. In conclusion, our studies suggest that these two SNPs in DLX6 and PCLO genes are not in linkage disequilibrium with autism. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved Log-BP Algorithm Based on GDL for M-ary APSK Modulated LDPC Code

Based on Generalized Distributive Law (GDL), improved belief propagation (BP) algorithm in logarithm domain for M-ary APSK modulated Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code which can get a better tradeoff between error performance and decoding complexity is proposed. Also the Min-Sum approximation of the improved log-BP algorithm is deduced. Simulation shows that the improved log-BP and Min-Sum algorithms achieve a better bit error rate(BER) compared with the corresponding binary algorithms when decoding a short frame 16APSK modulated LDPC code based on DVB-S2 standard.
Effects of a feeding skills training programme on nursing assistants and dementia patients.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to develop a comprehensive feeding skills training programme for nursing assistants and to test the effects of this training programme on their knowledge, attitude and behaviour and the outcome of dementia patients including total eating time, food intake and feeding difficulty. BACKGROUND Dementia patients have a high probability of feeding problems that result in a substantial risk of malnutrition. Assisting residents with eating is a major task for nursing assistants and they require better training to provide adequate quality of nutritional care. DESIGN METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Two convenience-chosen dementia-specialized long-term care facilities in North Taiwan were randomly assigned into either a control or a treatment group. Sixty-seven nursing assistants were enrolled (treatment: 31; control: 36). Twenty nursing assistants and the same number of dementia patients were observed during mealtime. The treatment group participated in a feeding skills training programme including three hours of in-service classes and one hour of hands-on training, whereas the control group did not receive any training. RESULTS The treatment group had significantly more knowledge (F = 47.7, P < 0.001), more positive attitude (F = 15.75, P = 0.001) and better behaviours (t = 6.0, P < 0.001) than the control group after the intervention. Dementia patients in the treatment group had significantly longer total eating time (t = 2.7, P < 0.05) and higher Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scores (more feeding difficulty) (t = 2.1, P < 0.05) than the control group. There was no significant difference on food intake between the two groups (t = 0.8, P = 0.49). CONCLUSION This feeding skills training programme has been found to change nursing assistants' knowledge, attitude, and behaviour as well as increasing the eating time for the dementia patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study raises attention regarding on-the-job training for nursing assistants. Furthermore, the feeding problems among dementia patients should be further explored as well as the nutritional care.
The mental health sector and the social sciences in post-World War II USA Part 2: The impact of federal research funding and the drugs revolution

The second of two linked papers examining the interactions of psychiatry and the social sciences since World War II examines the role of NIMH on these disciplines. It analyses the effects of the prominence and the decline of psychoanalysis, and the impact of the psychotropic drugs revolution and the associated rise of biological psychiatry on relations between psychiatry and clinical psychology; and it explores the changing relationships between psychiatry and sociology, from collaboration to conflict to mutual disdain.
SOME EXTREMAL FUNCTIONS IN FOURIER ANALYSIS

Moreover, he showed that there is equality in (1.4) if and only if F(z) = B(z). As an application Beurling found an interesting inequahty for almost periodic functions (we include it here in Theorem 15), but his results were never published. In 1974 A. Selberg used the function B(z) to obtain a sharp form of the large sieve inequahty. Selberg noted that if XE() ^ t r i e characteristic function of the interval E = [a, /? ] and
The U-Box E3 Ligase SPL11/PUB13 Is a Convergence Point of Defense and Flowering Signaling in Plants1

Plants use the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to regulate nearly every aspect of growth and development and to respond to abiotic and biotic stresses. Among the three major enzymes involved in the UPS, E3 ligases determine substrate specificity and actively participate in many biological processes in plants. Emerging evidence shows that some E3 ligases have multiple functions and serve as a connection node in plant signaling. Here, we review the dual functions of the U-box and armadillo (ARM) repeat domain E3 ligase SPL11 in rice and of its ortholog PUB13 in Arabidopsis in modulating innate immunity and flowering. Both SPL11 and PUB13 negatively regulate programmed cell death (PCD) and defense. Intriguingly, SPL11 promotes flowering under long-day (LD) conditions in rice while PUB13 suppresses flowering under LD conditions in Arabidopsis. SPL11 regulates defense through a putative GAP protein and regulates flowering through an RNA-binding protein. PUB13 modulates defense through FLS2 and may control flowering through HFR1. Moreover, PUB13-mediated defense and flowering depend on the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA). The similar functions of SPL11 and PUB13, and the complementation of the pub13 cell death and flowering phenotypes by Spl11 indicate that Spl11/PUB13 is an ancient, functionally conserved locus in monocot and dicot plants. In the process of speciation, the downstream signaling components have, however, diversified in these two species. We conclude by proposing working models of how SPL11 and PUB13 and their associated proteins modulate both defense and flowering in monocot and dicot plants.
Tamoxifen-associated polyps (basalomas) arising in multiple endometriotic foci: A case report and review of the literature.

We present a case of a 62-year-old G0P0 Caucasian woman who developed endometrial adenocarcinoma, FIGO grade 2, endometrioid type, after receiving tamoxifen for 2 years following a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. An incidental finding in the hysterectomy specimen was numerous endometriotic foci involving the submucosa, subserosa, and serosa of the cervix; lower uterine segment serosa; and bilateral ovaries. Polypoid structures, similar to the endometrial polyps occurring in tamoxifen-treated patients, were observed to arise from endometriotic foci in the serosa of the cervix and bilateral ovaries. We have found only one similar report in the literature. Since these structures do not fit the definition of "polyp," we suggest "basaloma" as an alternative. We also review all cases of tamoxifen-associated endometriosis reported in the world literature and cases of polypoid endometriosis occurring in non-tamoxifen-treated patients. Of 12 reported cases of tamoxifen-associated endometriosis, 4 occurred in premenopausal women, 1 in a perimenopausal women, and 7 in postmenopausal women, of whom none had a known history of endometriosis. The endometriotic foci gave rise to a spectrum of lesions which included epithelial metaplasias, simple and complex hyperplasias, polypoid lesions, and 2 cases of endometrioid carcinomas.
Detection of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities in Marine Actinomycetes Isolated from Puducherry Coastal Region

The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of Streptomyces species isolated from marine soil sample collected from the Bay of Bengal coast of Puducherry, India. The sample was serially diluted and plated on Starch casein agar and actinomycetes were selectively isolated. The broth culture of the International Streptomyces Project-1 (ISP-1) medium was used for fermentation process and extracellular metabolites were extracted using the solvent ethyl acetate. The brown colored extract obtained was dissolved in DMSO and screened for DPPH radical scavenging activity. The secondary metabolite showed 83% inhibition at 0.2mg/ ml, and the inhibition was compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid which showed 84% inhibition at 0.2mg/ ml concentration. The potential strain ABTRI12 was identified as Streptomyces species and designated as Streptomyces sp. ABTRI12. However, most antimicrobial activity was found in the genus Streptomyces isolates. The partial characterization of the crude extracts by IR spectra analysis revealed the possible presence of terpenoid, long chain fatty acids and secondary amine derivatives compounds in the extracts. The findings of the present study suggested that the marine isolate Streptomyces sp. ABTRI12 could be a potential natural source of antioxid a nts.
THE ROLE OF BATS IN THE PROPAGATION AND SPREAD OF HISTOPLASMOSIS: A REVIEW

EPIZOOTIOLOGY Histoplasmosis is a mycotic infection of man and animals caused by Histop/asma capsu/atum a dimorphic fungal soil saprophyte that produces mycelium-borne infective spores. Inhalation of airborne spores invariably is the route of infection. When suitable microclimatic conditions are present and soils harboring H. capsu/atum become enriched with animal feces, the environment is favorable for proliferation of the fungus.iS Avian habitats are considered to be especially suitable for the pr&iferation of H. capsu/atum; however, infection has never been documented in birds probably because of their high body temperature.17 While the yeast form of H. capsu/atum has been found in a number of mammalian species only the Chiroptera are considered to play significant roles in the epizootiology of this mycosis. 9,2 ,26 An acute, febrile respiratory disease, referred to as cave sickness, had long been recognized in individuals who worked in or visited caves in various parts of the world. i,7,iS Epidemiological studies demonstrated that cave sickness was histoplasmosis, with the fungus being recovered from soil, guano, and bats inhabiting many of the caves. However, caves were not the only harborhages of bats which were associated with human histoplasmosis. Bat guano and soil from in and around roosting trees, houses, bridges and other structures also have yielded H. capsu/atum. DISTRIBUTiON
After treatment. Psychosocial issues in gynecologic cancer survivorship

The woman treated For gynecologic cancer must contend with a challenging group of issues in her efforts to recover psychologically in the months and years after treatment: chance of dying, changed self‐perception, treatment‐related menopause, impaired or lost fertility, sexual dysfunction, and relationship problems must all be addressed. Psychological and sexual problems after treatment and quality‐of‐life issues for the gynecologic cancer patient have been the subjects of increasing research in the past few years, and a brief literature review is provided. However, the literature contains few descriptive studies regarding the relevant clinical issues faced by the woman treated for gynecologic cancer who has been free of disease for a period of months to years, particularly the younger patient. As the pool of successfully treated women grows, these issues will merit further exploration. The oncology clinician can play a continuing role in offering support, suggestions, and referral in the years of treatment follow‐up.