Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ECG Made Easy

The basics of the ECG * What the ECG is about * Conduction and its problems * The rhythm of the heart * Abnormalities of P waves, QRS complexes and T waves Making the most of the ECG * The ECG in healthy subjects * The ECG in patients with chest pain and breathlessness * The ECG in patients with palpitations and syncope * Now test yourself
The effects of nursing interventions on mothers’ empowerment regarding improvement of the care of preterm infant in NICU: a Systematic review

Introduction: The birth of a preterm infant can be an overwhelming experience of guilt, fear and helplessness for parents. According to remarkable effect of nursing interventions on parents and infants in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit), which has been pointed out in different studies, this study has been done to determine the effects of nursing interventions on improving mothers’ ability in taking care of the preterm infants. Methods: This study was based on a systematic review, and it has been done in targeted form, by focusing on the study questions. The articles were studied from 2003 to 2013, by using four key words: Nursing interventions, mothers’ empowerment, preterm infants and NICU in Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, SID, Irandoc, and Iran medex databases. Relevant articles were selected after several steps of evaluation and full text of these articles were analyzed. Results: In this study, among 35280 articles, we finally selected nine. Results of four major themes including; increase of parent-infant attachment and engagement, increase of parents’ confidence in taking care of preterm infants, decrease of psychological problems (depression, fear, anxiety, anger, etc.) and increase of preterm infants’ breastfeeding skills were extracted. Conclusion: This study showed that, nursing interventions are effective in both parents and preterm infants for parents’ empowerment and partnership in taking care of preterm infant. Therefore, it is recommended to start education and care programs for parents who have had a preterm infant throughout the admission phase of the infant, discharge and after that in the houses and educational-treatment centers. Keywords: Mothers’ empowerment ، preterm infant, Nursing interventions, NICU
Atlas of Sleep Medicine

Atlas of Sleep Medicine by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Robert J. Thomas, and Meeta Bhatt, 376 pp., Elsevier, 2005, $99.00 In contrast, the Atlas of Sleep Medicine is an atlas of polysmonographic studies. It goal is to introduce the basics of polysomnography. The first part of the atlas reviews electroencephalography, scoring sleep stages and …
Risk stratification of coronary heart disease in UK South Asians

It is clear that South Asians living in the West have substantially greater relative (coronary heart disease) CHD mortality and morbidity than the general population. Despite this current risk functions based on classical risk factors alone underestimate risk in non-diabetic South Asians. After reviewing the available literature for longitudinal studies exploring the relationship between South Asian ethnicity, as an independent factor, and CHD an adjustment factor suitable for use with the paper- based risk prediction functions was derived. The exploration of possible explanations for the excess risk identified dysglycaemia as one possible explain. Adding 10 years to age, although crude and based on the single prospective study, provides adequate sensitivity and specificity to take into account an "ethnicity factor" accounting for average excess risk in individual UK South Asians. Using this adjustment it was shown that more South Asian men and women, living in the UK, are candidates to receive lipid-lowering therapy for primary and secondary prevention than their Caucasian counterparts. Although the evidence base for a CVD risk estimation procedure in South Asians is slight it is better that they have their risk estimated, albeit with less precision, than be excluded. The present work provides a properly researched evidence base. Moreover, it provides its own very simple, but 1. practice acceptable, adjustment for currently used paper risk estimation tools. Acceptance of ant1hypertensives as a primary prevention treatment was looked at in the South Asians community. South Asians are at least equally accepting of treatment as Caucasians when given information about the personal impact of CVD and the effect and tolerability of antihypertensive treatment. With South Asians having a greater need and at least equal acceptance of preventive therapy, they should receive more such treatment. Current evidence suggests that this is not the case and targeted intervention may be needed. Further research is still required in many areas such as risk factors, risk estimation and recalibration, lifestyle intervention, and efficacy of preventive drug therapy in ethnic minorities. Because this population is at high risk, the benefits of appropriate research will also be high.
Shaping the Good Citizen: Politics and Policy

This sole-authored chapter received very favourable reviews in both the UK and US, including those by leading academics in the field: Prof Stephen Brookfield (Minneapolis),Prof Phyllis Cunningham (Northern Illinois), Rod Purcell (Glasgow) who particularly singled out Coare's contribution, and Prof Ruth Lister (Loughborough). Ian Martin (Edinburgh) chose it as one of three key books of the year in Adults' Learning. The evaluation of the Home Office Civil Renewal Unit's 2004 funded project Adult Learning for Active Citizenship quotes this research and it has informed the policy of the new Department for Community and Local Government. The book is a core text on a number of related UG and PG courses including those at Warwick, Edinburgh and Birkbeck.
油症認定患者血中Total Antioxidant Power の検討

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)causes the release of superoxide during the metabolic process. Therefore,Yusho victims are thought to be exposed to oxidative stress caused by PCB,because high concentrations of PCB are still detected in the serum of Yusho victims. Recently, total antioxidant power (TAP) has been proposed as one of excellent markers of defense capacity against oxidative stresses. In order to estimate the antioxidant capacity in Yusho victims, we measured serum TAP in certified Yusho victims and age-matched noncertified subjects. The mean values of serum TAP were0.479±0.017in certified Yusho victims and0.397±0. 013μM in non-certified subjects,respectively. There was a significant difference in the serum values of TAP between certified Yusho victims and uncertified subjects. TAP was reported to increase in the case of severe oxidative stress and PCB can give rise to an oxidative stress in Yusho victims. Therefore,it was supposed that TAP could increase in the oxidative stress of Yusho probably by some negative feedback mechanisms. The exact mechanism is still unclear,and further examinations should be conducted in the future.
Normalización de una batería de tests para evaluar las habilidades de comprensión del lenguaje, fluidez verbal y denominación en niños brasileños de 7 a 10 años: resultados preliminares

Introduccion. El examen neuropsicologico del lenguaje requiere instrumentos que evaluen aspectos expresivos y receptivos. Si se tienen en cuenta las diferencias culturales, el uso de tests neuropsicologicos debe condicionarse a los estudios normativos para el pais donde se utilizaran. Objetivo. Obtener las normas para aplicar el test de fluidez verbal semantica (categorias ? animales? , ? partes del cuerpo? y ? alimentos? ), el Token Test y el test de denominacion de Minas Gerais en ninos brasilenos. Sujetos y metodos. Se evaluaron 101 ninos (51 ninas y 50 ninos) con edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 10 anos (la media de edad era de 8 anos y 8 meses), y con dos a cuatro anos de educacion reglada. Los criterios de exclusion incluyeron un resultado inferior al percentil 25 del test de matrices progresivas de Raven. Resultados. No se comprobaron diferencias entre la realizacion de los ninos y ninas en ninguno de los tests, pero la edad influyo en la realizacion de los sujetos en los tres tests. Conclusion. Los resultados conseguidos son compatibles con la bibliografia e, incluso preliminares, pueden servir como base para las investigaciones y actuaciones clinicas en nuestro contexto.
Consumer channeling in health care: (im) possible?

textabstractIn several countries major health care reforms have been implemented in the last decades. Most of these reforms focused on a shift from supply-side regulation to a more demand-side oriented system. Managed competition can be seen as a blue print for the reforms in several European countries including the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland (Enthoven and van de Ven 2007, van de Ven 1996). With the introduction of managed competition, the structure of the health care market shifted to a more market oriented system in which third-party payers are responsible for the purchase of care. In most countries, health insurers function as third-party payers. Health insurers are given incentives and tools to act as prudent buyers of care on behalf of their enrollees. Enrollees are given incentives to encourage insurers to act as prudent buyers of care since they have to buy a health insurance plan on a competitive health insurance market. In this thesis we focus on the Dutch health care system. The introduction of the new Health Insurance Act (HIA) in 2006 has been a major step in the transition towards managed competition. Under the HIA all persons who legally live or work in the Netherlands are obliged to buy a basic benefit package from a private health insurer on a competitive health insurance market. Health insurers are obliged to accept all applicants against a community rated premium. Via a risk equalization fund health insurers are compensated for high risk enrollees. Consumers can receive subsidies that make insurance affordable for everyone (Van de Ven and Schut 2009). With the introduction of the HIA price competition on the health insurance market increased substantially. Moreover, insurers are given different tools to act as prudent buyers of care. Insurers can selectively contract with health care providers and offer different health plans to their enrollees including e.g. preferred provider plans and traditional fee-for-service plans.
Traumatic Stress Studies

Abstract The field of traumatic stress studies has developed rapidly over the course of the past two decades. A large body of data is now available regarding the prevalence of various forms of trauma and the personal and societal toll of traumatization. Numerous studies of the psychological impact of trauma have been undertaken, resulting in a preliminary understanding of a range of immediate and long-term posttraumatic reactions and conditions. These findings, in turn, have led to the development of a variety of interventions both initially and in the longer-term aftermath that are designed to prevent and ameliorate posttraumatic distress. At the present time, much of this information has not been incorporated into either the general undergraduate or graduate curricula and is particularly lacking in professional education. This is extremely unfortunate because professionals from many disciplines have an integral role in providing services to victims that, in turn, are essential to their ability to recover. Professionals require specific, focused knowledge about trauma. They also require training on the needs of victims and effective means of intervening with them in order to provide these necessary services. This paper is a call for the inclusion of traumatic stress studies across the relevant undergraduate and graduate curricula in general and into professional education, especially the medical and mental health professions.
Correlations between apolipoprotein E ε4 gene dose and brain-imaging measurements of regional hypometabolism

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have abnormally low positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl) in regions of the precuneus and the posterior cingulate, parietotemporal, and frontal cortex. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 gene dose (i.e., the number of e4 alleles in a person's APOE genotype) is associated with a higher risk of AD and a younger age at dementia onset. We previously found that cognitively normal late-middle-aged APOE e4 carriers have abnormally low CMRgl in the same brain regions as patients with probable Alzheimer's dementia. In a PET study of 160 cognitively normal subjects 47–68 years of age, including 36 e4 homozygotes, 46 heterozygotes, and 78 e4 noncarriers who were individually matched for their gender, age, and educational level, we now find that e4 gene dose is correlated with lower CMRgl in each of these brain regions. This study raises the possibility of using PET as a quantitative presymptomatic endophenotype to help evaluate the individual and aggregate effects of putative genetic and nongenetic modifiers of AD risk.
Die vasodilatatorischen Eigenschaften von Testosteron

nachgewiesen werden, dass die akute Gabe von Testosteron ST-Streckensenkungen bei Patien- ten mit Angina pectoris mindert. Auch die chro- nische Testosteronverabreichung fuhrt zu ver- besserten Angina-freien Laufstrecken bei Pati- enten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung. Studien mus- sen zeigen, ob Testosterongaben zu einer symp- tomatischen oder prognostischen Verbesserung der koronaren Herzerkrankung bei mannlichen Patienten fuhren. Abstract: Males show an increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease and hy- pertension. Women seem to have a natural pro- tection against coronary artery disease until they reach menopause. This finding led to the theory that estrogens are beneficial whereas androgens possess negative characteristics. However, testosterone is also able to relax arter- ies. In contrast to estrogens, whose effect is mediated by nitric oxide, testosterone relaxes vessels by its action on potassium or calcium channels. It seems that the classical androgen receptor is not involved in this mechanism. In clinical studies, testosterone was able to reduce the amount of ST-segment depression. Further- more, chronic administration of testosterone im- proves the angina-free walking distance in pa- tients with known coronary artery disease. Whether testosterone will be given in the future to male patients with coronary artery disease to improve their symptoms or prognosis has to be evaluated in further clinical studies. Blick-
Pervasiveness of scholastic duplicity and plagiarism among the pharmacy students in Pakistan

The present study was conducted with the aim to identify pharmacy students’ attitude towards the plagiarism and scholastic duplicity in Pakistan. This cross sectional study was conducted from Aug till Oct 2013. A pretested 17 items questionnaire was administered to first to fifth professional pharmacy undergraduate students of different private and public sector universities of Karachi. The questionnaire sought the demographics of the students, their attitude towards the plagiarism and scholastic duplicity in Pakistan. Descriptive statistics on the sample characteristics including percentages were computed. One way ANOVA was used to determine the influence of gender, institute and professional year on their responses. More than 75% of the students copy another student’s work without their knowledge. More that 60% of the students submit the assignment that has already been assessed. More than 55% utilize the efforts of their colleagues to write assignment or part of the assignment and considered to pass off other ideas/ images/design as their own. On the other hand, more than 55 % of the pharmacy undergraduate students did not used concealed information in examination and only 1.82% invents references themselves. Pharmacy is a noble profession in which the students are trained to be an ethical health care professional . There is a great need of time to properly educate students about the policy regarding plagiarism to cut down the trend of increased rate of cheating and plagiarism. Specific procedures should be developed to become more vigilant about the cheating behaviors of students.
Dental Service Utilization, Dental Health Production and Equity in Dental Care: the Finnish Experience

Abstract in Finnish Abstract in Swedish List of original publications 15 Introduction 17 1 Background 18 2 The Finnish institutional context 20 2.1 The dental care system 20 2.2 Oral health and the development of dental care provision 22 3 Basic approaches to studying demand for and equity in dental care 24 3.1 Demand for and utilization of dental care 24 3.2 Equity in the delivery of health care 27 3.3 Empirical and econometric specifications 28 4 Specific aims and themes of the study 31 4.1 Aims of the study 31 4.2 Themes of the study 31 5 Data and methods 37 5.1 Data and variable specifications 37 5.2 Methods 39 6 Results 43 7 Discussion 49 7.1 The data, variable measures and methodological issues 49 7.2 The empirical results 52 8 Conclusions 57 References 59 Appendix A. Some main independent variables used in the empirical analyses . 65 Appendix B. The bivariate probit model and the two-equation probit model 67 Appendix C. Measuring inequality and horizontal inequity and decomposing inequality in the use of dental services 68 Original publications
Importância da intervenção dietética e da atividade física na modulação do IGF-I em idosos com sarcopenia

The aging process is associated to muscle mass loss, partly responsible for the decline of the skeletal muscle mass and strength, which contributes to the increase of the number of falls in elderly population. The fragility of the elderly with sarcopenia affects their mobility and life quality, increasing the risk of falls and the use of resources for health care. GH and IGF-1 levels are important mediators in protein synthesis and muscle mass formation, and decrease with aging. Physical activity and a healthy diet are the best ways of neutralizing the sarcopenia and other aspects of the aging process. Elderly population reduces the food intake, increasing the need for protein, therefore, creating a barrier to obtain all the benefits of strength training related to sarcopenia. The strength training also increases significantly the demand of energy, the action of insulin and the increase of IGF-1 levels. The link between sarcopenia and physical inability among the elderly shows the need for further research in the development of more effective interventions in order to prevent or, at least, partially reverse sarcopenia.
Assessment of functional status in the elderly persons in the rural area of Punjab

Research Question : What is the Functional Status in elderly people? Objective: To assess the Functional Statusof elderly people in rural area of Patiala District. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: Arural area of District Patiala- TheField Practice Area of Department of Community Medicine. Participants: 743 elderly people aged 60 years & above including 369 males and 374 females Study Variables : Elderly, Functional Ability. Statistical Analysis: Percentage, z-test Results: Out of 743 elderly persons, majority of study population(97.3%), were totally independent for physical activities of daily living (PADL), while rest 2.7% were dependent for one or more physical activities on others including total dependence of 0.5%. The inability in doing specific physical activity of daily living was highest in walking & transferring (3.8%). 3.5% of the study population was totally dependent and 84.6% of them were totally independent while rest 11.9% of them were dependent for their one or more instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) on others. Inability in doing specific instrumental activity of daily living was found to be highest for cooking (25.1%). Conclusion: The majority of subjects were independent for doing PADL & IADL activities, showing that they possessed more potential as compared with patients assessed by other studies.
Rétention et "pitting" splénique des globules rouges au cours du paludisme aigu traité par dérivé de l'artémisinine

L’artesunate est desormais le traitement de reference du paludisme grave au plan mondial. Cependant, des cas d’anemie hemolytique differee ont ete decrits chez 20% a 25% des voyageurs traites. L’episode hemolytique survient 2 a 3 semaines apres traitement. Environ la moitie des patients vont necessiter une transfusion sanguine. L’artesunate induit un phenomene original en physiologie humaine : le “pitting” ou epepinage splenique des erythrocytes parasites. Il consiste en l’expulsion du parasite mort de l’erythrocyte hote lorsque celui-ci traverse une structure microcirculatoire splenique appelee « fente interendotheliale ». Ces erythrocytes pittes retournent sans destruction immediate dans la circulation generale. Nous avons etudie l’efficacite et la tolerance de l’artesunate intraveineux chez 123 voyageurs atteints de paludisme grave. Cent dix-sept patients ont survecu (95%). Parmi 78 patients suivis plus de 8 jours, 76 (97%) ont eu une anemie au cours du suivi et 21 une hemolyse differee typique (27%). Dans ce sous groupe de patients la chute mediane en hemoglobine a ete de 1,3g/dl avec un nadir <7g/dl dans 15% des cas. Un seul patient a ete transfuse. Le marquage de la proteine parasitaire Resa, veritable empreinte de l’infection erythrocytaire par Plasmodium falciparum, permet la visualisation des erythrocytes pittes. Chez 21 patients non transfuses le pic de concentration en erythrocytes pittes est survenu durant la premiere semaine. Chez 9 patients evoluant vers une hemolyse differee le pic de pittes etait significativement plus eleve que chez 12 patients presentant d’autres profils evolutifs d’anemie (0,30 vs. 0,07 ; P = 0,0001). Une concentration d’erythrocytes pittes au pic superieure a 180 millions/l aurait predit le risque d’hemolyse differee avec une sensibilite de 89% et une specificite de 83%. Utilisant la technologie ImageStream* l’etude morphologique erythrocytaire chez 4 patients a montre que l’infection plasmodiale suivi de pitting entraine une reduction de surface projetee de 8,9%. Cette alteration pourrait contribuer a la reduction de la duree de vie des erythrocytes pittes. La destruction differee des erythrocytes infectes et epargnes par le pitting durant le traitement par artesunate est un mecanisme original d’anemie hemolytique. Ce travail a permis de structurer l’espace nosologique de l’anemie post-therapeutique au cours du paludisme, de clarifier la physiopathologie de l’hemolyse differee et d’identifier certains de ses mecanismes. Malgre l’incidence elevee de l’hemolyse differee, l’anemie resultante n’est preoccupante que dans 15% des cas et ne remet pas en cause le benefice de l’artesunate par rapport a la quinine dans le traitement du paludisme grave. La concentration precoce des erythrocytes pittes pourrait etre un marqueur predictif interessant de la survenue d’une hemolyse differee post-artesunate.
Hip-arthroplasty - a geometric study of the primary fixation of lord prostheses

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