Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diurnal and seasonal variations of hm F2 deduced from digitalionosonde over New Delhi and its comparison with IRI 2001

Abstract. Using digital ionosonde observations at a low mid-latitude station, New Delhi (28.6°N, 77.2°E, dip 42.4°N), we have derived hourly monthly values of hmF2 (the real height corresponding to the peak electron density in the F2-region), employing both the Dudeney (1983) and Bilitza (1990) empirical formulations for the period from January 2001 to August 2002. The diurnal and seasonal variations of hmF2 are analyzed. Further, to assess the predictability of the latest available model, International Reference Ionosphere, (IRI-2001), we have obtained the median values of hmF2 derived from M(3000)F2 for each hour during different seasons and compare these with the model. Our results show that both the Dudeney (1983) and Bilitza (1990) formulations reveal more or less a similar diurnal trend of hmF2, with higher values around midnight and lower during sunrise, in all the seasons. It is also noted that the hmF2 shows a larger variability around midnight than by daytime, in all the seasons. Further, the study shows that median values of observed hmF2, using both formulations, are somewhat larger than those predicted by the IRI, in all seasons and at all local times. During summer, the IRI values agree comparatively well with the observations, especially during daytime. Major discrepancies occur when the IRI underestimates observed hmF2 for local times from about 14:00 LT to 18:00 LT and 04:00 LT to 05:00 LT during winter and equinox, where the percentage deviation of the observed hmF2 values with respect to the IRI model varies from 15 to 25%. The difference between the model and observations, outside this time period, remains less than 20% during all the seasons. Key words. Ionosphere (modelling and forecasting; equatorial ionosphere)
Survival of organic phases in porous IDPs during atmospheric entry: A pulse‐heating study

Abstract— In this study, we have performed pulse‐heating experiments at different temperatures for three organic molecules (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH], a ketone, and an amino acid) absorbed into microporous aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in order to imitate the heating of the organic molecules in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites (MMs) during atmospheric entry and to investigate their survival. We have shown that modest amounts (a few percent) of these organic molecules survive pulse‐heating at temperatures in the 700 to 900 °C range. This suggests that the porosity in IDPs and MMs, combined with a sublimable phase (organic material, water), produces an ablative cooling effect, which permits the survival of organic molecules that would otherwise be lost either by thermal degradation or evaporation during atmospheric entry.
Stereoselective Crossed-Aldol Condensation of Some Active Methylene Compounds with Aromatic Aldehydes in Aqueous Medium. Synthesisof(2E)-1,3-Disubstituted Propenones@@@تكاثف ألدول المتصالب الانتقائي لبعض مركبات الميثيلين النشطة مع ألدهيدات أروماتية في وسط مائي . تحضير 2E )-1,3-Disubstituted Propenon

Aldol condensation of cyclopropylmethyl ketone, 4-methoxyacetophenone and cyclohexanone with different aromatic aldehydes were carried out in water in heterogeneous phases in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant at room temperature. All the reactions occur in a relatively short time with excellent yields of stereoselective propenones in water as an environmental friendly solvent. The structures of the resulting products were determined by spectral and elemental analysis.
DLConnector: Connecting a Publication List to Scholarly Digital Library

∗ corresponding author Abstract—Researchers and graduate students spend a great deal of time on searching and reading papers. However, they may usually lack of experience on using proper keywords and finding the relevant papers can be challenging. To keep track on the newest activities of key authors and venues is important as well. In addition, some researcher present publication list on his/her home pages. To maintain the up-to-date information of the publication list for the web pages (i.e., citation number) is labor-intensive. In this paper, we incorporate our previous work and construct a Web 2.0 platform, namely Digital Library Connector (DLC). DLC provides services to facilitate the tedious research processes. Researchers can easily search relevant papers and subscribe other author's academic activity. Moreover, researchers can easily construct their Web 2.0 web pages to present their profile, publication list, and recent academic activity by using the service on DLC. The users show highly satisfactory feedback on using DLC.
A community based intervention to control SAT2 virus producing Foot and Mouth disease in animals in Egypt in 2012

A study in Egypt during June 2012-August 2013 revealed that there were a disastrous out break of foot and mouth disease where SAT2 strain have been identified as the main reason for its occurrence. Trained and untrained persons routinely perform uncontrolled treatments leading to sever economic losses. The present paper represents an intervention that was developed to empower the community to combat foot and mouth disease in Egypt. In a rural district of Egypt (Aja) with a livestock population of approximately 41000 a multipronged approach was used in 2012 to improve combating foot and mouth disease in Egypt. The focus of the intervention was the community. The organization of interventions was also carefully planned. A base line assessment (n=300) was conducted prior to intervention. The intervention comprised large scale gathering of the community (males and females) across the district. Smaller gatherings included teachers, sheikh of mosques and the training untrained persons. The Egyptian Television channels were used to broadcast messages recorded by prominent figures in the local language. The local FM channel and everyday newspaper were also used to disseminate messages on foot and mouth disease control. The interventions resulted in improving the ways of treatment and control of foot and mouth disease in Egypt.
Collision Detection and the Design of Fair and Stable MAC Scheme for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Fairness and stability guarantee among TCP flows is very stubborn in wireless ad hoc networks. There is not a MAC protocol that can fulfill this acquirement until now. In this paper, we firstly reveal the in-depth causes of the severe TCP unfairness and instability problems in IEEE 802.11-based multihop networks. Then we utilize the collision detection mechanism of the IEEE 802.11 protocol which is often ignored by most of the people to design a novel collision detection mechanism-based MAC (CDMB-MAC) scheme to solve the short-term and long-term fairness and stability issues while providing a good aggregate throughput in many topologies.
Extended Employment Support: Analysis of Implementation and Funding Issues.

The purpose of this study was to examine current practices and perceptions of supported employment provider agencies regarding extended services. From a total survey sample of 385 agencies, 345 (89.6%) were vendored to provide extended services. The average extended service caseload was 27 consumers or 57% of the average supported employment caseload. More than half of agencies used the employment specialist who initially performed training to monitor extended services. Only four of ten extended services consumers received more than the minimally required support level of two contacts per month. Although state mental retardation/developmental disability and mental health agencies were the primary sources of extended services funding, providers used a variety of funding sources and methods for extended services. Respondents who were able to negotiate reimbursement rates were more likely to indicate that their funding method promoted consumer choice and movement of consumers and resources from segregated services to community-based employment. Findings are discussed in relation to the growing use of natural supports in extended services, and the relationship of funding mechanisms to service quality and access.
Sustainability knowledge and behaviors of apparel and textile undergraduates

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze changes in undergraduate student knowledge of issues of sustainability relevant to the apparel and textiles industry. Assessment occurred prior to and upon completion of a course that addressed topics specific to the global production and distribution of apparel and textile goods. The study also examined modifications in students' reported apparel purchasing behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – Participants included those in their third, fourth or fifth year of undergraduate education in the apparel and textile discipline at a higher education institution located in the Midwestern USA. All participants were enrolled in a course focused on globalization and the apparel and textile industry. Measures used to assess students' knowledge of social and environmental sustainability issues related to the industry and their apparel purchasing behavior were included in the research instrument.Findings – Pre and post comparisons revealed significant changes in stu.
Extraction of Actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp.) Pigment and Evaluation of its Anticancer Propertyon HeLa Cell Line

The antibacterial activities of the microbial pigment of the actinomycetes were carried out against the bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi. The E. coli (8 mm) more susceptible than other microbial pathogens. Whereas remaining species showed negative result. The antifungal activity of the microbial pigment of the actinomycetes were carried out against the four different fungi such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus microporous. The actinomycetes pigment were failed to inhibit the pathogenic fungi. There is no antifungal activity against the all tested pathogenic fungi. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum revealed the NH and NOH stretching for the actinomycetes pigment. In vitro cytotoxic assay on Human Cervical Adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line. The actinomycetes pigment prodigiosin, tripyrrole ring, was found to exhibit antiproliferative property against the (HeLa cell line. The pigment was found to be effective against the HeLa cell line. The IC50 value of the pigment was 62.50 μg/ml against HeLa cell lines respectively. From the results obtained it has been concluded that the pigment isolated from Streptomycetes could be used an antiproliferative agent. However it cannot be used as an antibacterial or antifungal agent.
The Protective Effect of Paeoniae Radix Extract against 1-methyl-4- Phenylpyridium-induced Apoptosis on SK-N-MC Neuroblastoma Cells

Background : There are increasing neuro-degenerative disorders with aging. Paeoniae Radix(PR) possesses various pharmacological effects such as sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress and neuro-protective actions. Also anti- aging and anti-cancer effects of PR were reported. Our purpose was to investigate whether PR is useful on the treatment of Parkinson's disease, one of the neuro-degenerative disorders. Objective : We investigated whether Paeonia Radix possesses a protective effect against 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridine(MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Methods : 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and Western blotting were performed on SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Results : Cells treated with MPP + exhibited several apoptotic features, while cells pre-treated with Paeonia Radix prior to MPP+ exposure showed s decrease in the occurrence of apoptotic features. Conclusions : These results suggest that Paeonia Radix may exert a protective effect against MPP+-induced apoptosis in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells.
Genetic correlations among indicator traits for carcass composition measured in yearling beef bulls and finished feedlot steers

Genetic correlations were examined among 10 live growth and ultrasound traits measured in yearling beef bulls (n = 2172) and four carcass traits measured in crossbred finished feedlot steers (n = 1031). Heritabilities ranged from 0.13 (bull ultrasound longissimus muscle width) to 0.83 (yearling bull hip height). Genetic correlations indicated that selecting yearling bulls for increased growth rate and hip height would lead to higher carcass weight, increased longissimus muscle area and reduced levels of carcass marbling in steers. Bull ultrasound fat depth was positively associated with both carcass fat depth and marbling score. Most ultrasound longissimus muscle size measurements in bulls were positively associated with each other and with carcass longissimus muscle area in steers, but the magnitude of the genetic correlation with carcass measurements depended on the bull longissimus muscle size trait in question. This suggests that longissimus muscle shape in bulls may be related to carcass weight, fat .
Quantum measurements without Schrödinger cat states

We report and give an alternative derivation of some results on a model for a quantum measurement studied in [1]. The measured microscopic system is coupled to the position of a macroscopic pointer, which itself interacts with its environment via its momentum. The entanglement between the system and the pointer produced by their mutual interaction is simultaneous with the decoherence of distinct pointer readings resulting from leakage of information to the environment. After a discussion on the various time scales in the model we calculate the matrix elements of the system-pointer density operator between eigenstates of the measured observable with distinct eigenvalues. In general, the decay with time of these coherences is neither exponential nor gaussian. We determine the decoherence (decay) time in terms of the strength of the system-pointer and pointer-environment couplings. This decoherence time does not depend upon the details of the pointer-bath coupling as soon as it is smaller than the bath correlation time (non-Markov regime). In contrast, in the Markov regime it depends strongly on whether this coupling is Ohmic or super-Ohmic.
Screening for GDM in first trimester of pregnancy and its outcome

Background: GDM is associated with increased risk of complications for both mother and fetus both during pregnancy as well as in the postpartum period. Screening for GDM is important to improve short and long term maternal and fetal outcomes. The main purpose of this review is to provide an update on screening for GDM. As per DIPSI criteria women can be diagnosed to have GDM in the first trimester, if the 2hour 75gms OGTT IS 140-199 mg/dL. A prospective observational study with 300 cases was conducted for a period of 1year and 11months (December 2012-2014) in VIMSAR Burla, Sambalpur. Methods: Universal screening was applied by means of DIPSI. Analysis was done by means of t-test, Odd’s ratio, chi squire test. P<. 05 was taken as significant. Results: In the present study, 25 cases were diagnosed as GDM with an incidence of 8.33%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) was found significantly associated with GDM cases (p value 0.02). The mean birth weight in women with GDM (3.05±0.47Kg) was higher than in women with non-GDM (2.65±0.43 Kg). Overall the macrosomia (≥4Kg) rate was 0.67% with 8% in case of GDM mothers. Not a single case of congenital fetal anomaly was detected in the GDM group under our study 20% of the GDM group had their babies admitted to NICU as compared to 17.65% of the non-GDM group (p value 0.76). Conclusions: Women with GDM are at an increased risk for adverse obstetrics and perinatal outcomes. Due to high prevalence of GDM in India early universal screening is essential. Screening for glucose intolerance during the early weeks of pregnancy is beneficial as this policy would help in identifying undiagnosed diabetes prior to conception and to render appropriate care. Screening and diagnosis of GDM with a single test procedure of 75g 2hr PGBS in a non-fasting woman i.e. following DIPSI guidelines is found to be effective, simple, economical and feasible.
Uso de hábitat de carnívoros simpátricos en una zona de bosque seco tropical de Colombia

RESUMEN: Se realizo un estudio sobre el uso del habitat de tres especies de carnivoros en un area de bosque seco tropical en el Fuerte Militar de Tolemaida. La importancia de esta zona se debe a que contiene un remanente de bosque seco con acceso restringido, lo que le permitiria ser una posible area de conservacion de fauna, teniendo en cuenta el alto grado de degradacion de estos bosques en Colombia. Se instalaron trampas de huellas con estaciones olfativas en diferentes coberturas vegetales como bosque, arbustal y pastizal. Para analizar el uso del habitat se aplico la prueba Z de Bonferroni con intervalos del 95% de confianza. Cerdocyon thous y Leopardus pardalis prefirieron arbustales, mientras que Puma yagouaroundi prefirio bosque y arbustal. Posiblemente el arbustal sea usado como zona de forrajeo o de paso entre bosques. Adicionalmente las tres especies se encontraron asociadas al agua, vias y viviendas de la zona. La presencia de las tres especies tanto en los bosques como en los arbustales muestra la importancia de los dos tipos de cobertura vegetal para permitir su presencia en el fuerte militar. Dado el acceso restringido y el nivel de proteccion al interior de las areas militares, sugerimos considerar estas areas en planes de manejo y conservacion.
Background Subtraction in Dynamic Environment based on Modified Adaptive GMM with TTD for Moving Object Detection

Background subtraction is the first processing stage in video surveillance. It is a general term for a process which aims to separate foreground objects from a background. The goal is to construct and maintain a statistical representation of the scene that the camera sees. The output of background subtraction will be an input to a higher-level process. Background subtraction under dynamic environment in the video sequences is one such complex task. It is an important research topic in image analysis and computer vision domains. This work deals background modeling based on modified adaptive Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with three temporal differencing (TTD) method in dynamic environment. The results of background subtraction on several sequences in various testing environments show that the proposed method is efficient and robust for the dynamic environment and achieves good accuracy.
Addressing Issues across Organisational Boundaries in Construction Projects

The extensive and increasing specialisation in all sectors of the construction industry has prompted much criticism due to the common absence of sufficient coordination and collaboration of the separate organisations culminating in accusations that such fragmentation leads to poor performance.This paper focuses on the managerial issues which emerge due to the diversity of individual organisations which must be assembled to execute engineering construction projects. Managing any organisational interface is notoriously problematic and has prompted the generation oftheories concerning management of boundaries – including boundary spanning and boundary objects. This paper examines the theory, research perspectives and findings to date and relates them to the management of engineering construction projects. It is concluded that recognition of performance interdependence amongst project participants is an essential underpinning of cooperationand development and use of appropriate boundary management through boundary spanning and boundary objects can foster interaction and coordination even with participants‟ retention of their individual goals.
Achieving Value for Money: An Analytic Review of Studies on Public-Private Partnerships

Over the past two decades, governments around the world have been embracing Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) as an alternative approach in the provision of infrastructure. PPPs have their merits in remedying financial shortages in public sectors and improving infrastructure performance, but they must be carefully selected on the basis of value for money when compared to conventional procurement. While Value for Money analysis as an evaluation method has been widely used to ensure feasibility, accountability, and transparency in PPPs, little is known with respect to its effectiveness and appropriate theoretical foundations. By mapping theoretical foundations and practical analysis methods, this paper reports the weakness and inadequacy of current value for money analysis. The study especially explores existing theoretical foundations and empirical evidence for PPP value for money and highlights paths for future research.
Research on Maximal Covering Problem Based on Cost and Customer Satisfaction Degree

According to cost and customer satisfaction degree, we build a bi-objective maximal covering problem in order to study the influence of central station siting by cost and customer satisfaction degree. During solving this bi-objective maximal covering problem, we use the normalized normal constraint method owing to cost and customer satisfaction degree having different dimensions. Finally, taking Shandong waste electronics recycling as an example, we code and solve by CPLEX, and analyzed the results.
Economic impacts of individual climate change mitigation options in the U.S. forest sector

Economic and carbon (C) impacts of 3 greenhouse gas nutigation options in the U.S. forest sector are presented and compared to a baseline. Options analyzed include 2 levels of large-scale tree planting on marginal crop and pasture land, and increasing the use of recycled paper in the paper making process. The scenarios differ in the timing and magnitude of their economic impacts, and in their effects on C storage. All 3 options increase forest area and/or inventones, and have significant benefits toward increasing the sequestration of C . The economlc condition of forest product consumers and producers are little affected by the options. However, decreases In t ~ m b e r prices caused by the increases in wood supplies have severe negative impacts on forest landowners. Actions which could moderate the adverse economic impacts of these C conservation and sequestrat~on scenarios are discussed.