Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Original Article Mortality effect of BT extracts and esterase variability in three stored grain insects: Callosobruchus chinensis, Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium castaneum

Bioassay was conducted to determine the susceptibility level of the adults of Callosobruchus chinensis, Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium casteneum against four BT isolates (1i, 27s, 27f and HD73) where mortality effects were counted from 24 to 192 hours (8 days) at 24 hours of intervals. All strains of BT were highly active against C. chinensis and the LC50 were found to be 0.30, 0.73, 0.62 and 0.22 mg/ml against 1i, 27s, 27f and HD73 respectively, while, the LC 90 were found to be 0.72, 2.02, 1.24 and 0.74 mg/ml, at 72 hours of exposure. Considering the LC50 and LC90 values, HD73 was found to be the most effective strain. Contrary to C. chinensis, mortality was found to be very low against S. granarius and T. castaneum and was not subjected for statistical analysis. The adult of all three insects were subjected to 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and altogether four esterase bands (Est-1
Methylation of TFPI 2 in Stool DNA : A Potential Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer

We have used a gene expression array–based strategy to identify the methylation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a potential tumor suppressor gene, as a frequent event in human colorectal cancers (CRC). TFPI2 belongs to the recently described group of embryonic cell Polycomb group (PcG)–marked genes that may be predisposed to aberrant DNA methylation in early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Aberrant methylation of TFPI2 was detected in almost all CRC adenomas (97%, n = 56) and stages I to IV CRCs (99%, n = 115). We further explored the potential of TFPI2 as a biomarker for the early detection of CRC using stool DNA–based assays in patients with nonmetastatic CRC and average-risk noncancer controls who were candidates for screening. TFPI2 methylation was detected in stool DNA from stage I to III CRC patients with a sensitivity of 76% to 89% and a specificity of 79% to 93%. Detection of TFPI2 methylation in stool DNA may act as a useful adjunct to the noninvasive strategies for screening of CRCs in the future. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4691–9]
DIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY OF INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST IN RELATION TO KATO METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI

BACKGROUND: Sensitive and specific diagnostic tools are very central to decide on individual case management and at all stages of control programs in schistosomiasis. This study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic efficacy of a commercial indirect hemagglutination test in detection of schistosomiasis mansoni in relation to the Kato method. METHODS: In a cross sectional study undertaken in May 2004, blood and stool samples were collected from 134 children in Bochesa Elementary School around Ziway town. The stool specimens were processed using Kato method and examined microscopically. Eggs per gram of stool were computed as geometric mean. Sera were separated and transported to laboratory. Indirect hemagglutination test was performed following procedures given by the manufacturers. The diagnostic performance of indirect hemagglutination was evaluated using Kato as the gold
Mining Aspects from CVS Transactions using Concept Analysis

Every large program contains a small fraction of functionality that resists proper encapsulation. Code for debugging, logging, or locking is hard to conceal using object-oriented mechanisms alone. As a result, this code ends up scattered across many classes, which makes it a maintenance problem. At the same time, this code is largely orthogonal to surrounding (or mainline) code as it rarely impacts control or data flow. This observation gave rise to aspect-oriented programming (AOP) as a solution: Functionality is encapsulated in so-called aspects that are woven into mainline code during compilation. For existing projects to benefit from AOP, the cross-cutting concerns must be identified first; this task is called aspect mining. In this paper we address it based on the hypothesis that a typical cross-cutting concerns is added to a project within a short amount of development time: We mine CVS archives for sets of methods that got added together in various unrelated locations. To compute these efficiently, we apply formal concept analysis [3]—an algebraic theory. In this paper, we describe the basic idea and report on results from an initial evaluation of our technique.
Biosocial aspects of Ainu hirsuteness

Summary There are as yet few studies of body hair variation in man. Of all human populations, the Ainu of Japan are most famous for their alleged hirsuteness, and the history of this somewhat controversial subject is reviewed. Data are presented on chest, back and facial hair pattern and quantity in a sample of Ainu and Ainu/Japanese hybrids, resulting initially from field work by the Cambridge Expedition to Northern Japan in 1964. Methodological problems are discussed. Social attitudes to hairiness in Japan over the past few centuries are commented on, in view of their possible relevance in maintaining the biological distinctiveness of the Ainu. It is concluded that although the Ainu have more body hair than other Japanese, compared with some other groups—for instance American ‘Whites’—they can not be considered exceptionally hirsute.
Nurse staffing levels, quality and outcomes of care in NHS hospital wards: what does the evidence say?

There is ample evidence demonstrating associations between nurse staffing levels in hospital wards and important patient and staff outcomes. Reviews have concluded that the evidence is consistent with low registered nurse staffing causing worse outcomes. But much of the evidence is from health systems that are very different to the NHS and gives little indication of the actual staffing levels that should be deployed. This evidence brief considers evidence specifically derived from the NHS, which identifies the levels of staffing on wards that were associated with the outcomes reported.
A high-performance 40-85 GHz MMIC SPDT switch using FET-integrated transmission line structure

A compact ultra-broadband distributed SPDT switch has been developed using GaAs PHEMTs. An FET-integrated transmission line structure, where the source pad of the shunt FET has been integrated into the signal line while the drain has been grounded to a via-hole with minimum parasitic inductance, has been proposed to extend the operating bandwidth of the distributed switches. SPDT and SPST switches using this structure have been fabricated using a commercial GaAs PHEMT foundry. The SPDT switch showed low insertion loss (<2 dB) and good isolation (>30 dB) over an octave bandwidth from 40 to 85 GHz. At 77 GHz, the SPDT switch showed extremely low insertion loss of 1.4 dB and high isolation of 38 dB. The chip size was as small as 1.45/spl times/1.0 mm/sup 2/. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the best performance ever reported for an octave-band SPDT switch at this frequency range. SPST switch also showed the excellent performance with the insertion loss of 0.4 dB and isolation of 34 dB at 60 GHz.
The clinical evaluations of pathophysiology for congenital middle ear cholesteatoma.

PURPOSE Congenital middle ear cholesteatoma (CMEC) is less common than the acquired variety. Many theories have been put forward to explain the pathophysiology of CMEC; however, none of them have been convincingly proven thus far. This clinical study was performed to analyze the case reviews; assess the characteristic features of CMEC, and evaluate the correlation between those features and the pathophysiology of CMEC. METHODS The medical records of patients who underwent otologic procedures at the hospitals of the Catholic University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1993 to November 1998 have been reviewed. RESULTS Of the 14 patients, 3 had cystic lesions isolated to the anterosuperior quadrant of the mesotympanum. The lesions were easy to remove and did not affect the patients' hearing. Eleven patients had more extensive disease with posterior mesotympanum involvement; the lesions were large, were often too extensive to indicate a formative site, and caused ossicular damage. CONCLUSION CMEC manifests in 2 distinctive forms according to the formation site. This distinctive formation site suggests that the pathophysiology of posterior lesions may be different from that of anterior ones. For early diagnosis of CMEC, a screening program should be established for children to prevent more extensive disease.
Isolation of Phosphopeptides by Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography

The identification of protein phosphorylation sites from cell‐derived proteins is crucial to the understanding of signal transduction pathways. While determining the modified sites on individual proteins can present a significant challenge, recent progress in the rapid, large‐scale identification of phosphopeptides from complex protein mixtures by combinations of affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry provides a powerful tool to decipher the phosphoproteome. A set of protocols is described for sample preparation, fractionation, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), and mass spectrometric analysis of phosphorylation sites. Parts of the protocols can be combined in different ways to adapt to sample amounts, complexity, and available equipment. Up to thousands of unique phosphopeptides can be sequenced from a single sample in a day, revealing a unique snapshot of global cellular phosphorylation sites on proteins and facilitating in‐depth study of the identified phosphoproteins.
Efficiency analysis on a two-level three-phase quasi-soft-switching inverter

When designing an inverter, an engineer often needs to select and predict the efficiency beforehand. For the standard inverters, plenty of researches are analyzing the power losses and also many software tools are being used for efficiency calculation. In this paper, the efficiency calculation for non-conventional inverters with special shoot-through state is introduced and illustrated through the analysis on a special two-level three-phase quasi-soft-switching inverter. Efficiency comparison between the classical two-stage two-level three-phase inverter and the two-level three-phase quasi-soft-switching inverter is carried out. A 10 kW/380 V prototype is constructed to verify the analysis. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the new inverter is higher than that of the traditional two-stage two- level three-phase inverter.
Szenarien nachhaltiger Bioenergiepotenziale bis 2030: Modellierung für Deutschland, Polen, Tschechien und Ungarn

Die Nutzung der Biomasse wird begrenzt durch den Aufwuchs an Pflanzenmaterial und den Anfall an Reststoffen sowie zahlreichen technischen und okonomischen Restriktionen. Daraus ergibt sich das Potenzial der Biomasse in der zukunftigen Energieversorgung. Damit diese sich zukunftig nachhaltig entwickelt, muss die Biomasse jedoch auch nachhaltig erzeugt werden. Daher sind Nutzungskonkurrenzen bei der Bereitstellung zu berucksichtigen. Letzteres betrifft vor allem die Landwirt¬schaft, welche die Flachen fur den Energiepflanzenanbau liefert. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht daher der Frage nach, wie viel Flache die Landwirtschaft bis 2030 zur Erzeugung von Energiebiomasse bereit¬stellen kann und wie sich das Reststoffpotenzial aus der Landwirtschaft verandert. Dazu ist eine umfassende Analyse der Flachennutzung in der Landwirtschaft einer definierten Region erforderlich, deren land¬wirtschaftliche Gesamtproduktion letztendlich begrenzt ist.
Bilateral force feedback control using multi-degree-of-freedom mobile robot

Remote controlled mobile robots are useful in ultimate environment, such as outer space, disaster site, atomic furnace and so on. There are many researches about mobile robots using audio-visual information, but researches using force sensation is not very studied. The mobile-hapto, which is the remote control system with force information, has been proposed, but the robot used in the system has only two wheels and a caster. So, the robot cannot acquire much information and run over rough road. In this research, first, the multi-degree-of-freedom mobile robot, which is a three-wheeled robot, has been developed. It has a rotary motor in each wheel and a linear motor between body and each wheel. It can acquire horizontal and vertical information. Second, remote control with force feedback of the multi-degree-of-freedom mobile robot using joystick-form control system was realized. The validity of this system is confirmed by an experiment.
Results of a phase II multicenter trial of pentostatin and rituximab in patients with low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an effective and minimally toxic regimen.

This study explored the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of pentostatin and rituximab, effective single agents in low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Sixty patients with previously treated low-grade NHL were enrolled. Except for day 1, both drugs were administered weekly for 4 weeks, with week 5 off. During week 1 (day 1) only rituximab was given; subsequent weekly treatments included both drugs. Patients received a minimum of 2 five-week cycles in order to be evaluable for efficacy. Responses were evaluated on week 5 of cycle 2. If partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) responses were noted, 2 additional cycles were administered. Final evaluations were done on week 5 of cycle 4. Of 60 patients, 58.3% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 0, and 41.7% had PS of 1; 31.7% and 51.7% had stage III or stage IV disease, respectively. Histology included follicular center, follicular, grade I (45%), II (21.7%), III (1.7%), and small lymphocytic (31.7%). Seventeen patients had prior chemotherapy, but no patients had received prior pentostatin or rituximab. Median age was 60.3 years (range, 32.5-84.7 years). Among 57 evaluable patients, 77% responded (22.3% complete response [CR], 3.5% unconfirmed CR, 35.1% PR, and 10.5% unconfirmed PR); 19.3% had SD, and 8.8% progressive disease (PD). Response rate among previously untreated patients was 83% versus 63% in previously treated patients. Median duration of response was 11 months (range, 2.3-22.2 months); median time to progression was 15 months (range, < 1-25 months). Neutropenia was the only adverse event experienced by >/= 10% of patients. Six deaths were caused by PD, and one death each was caused by acute respiratory distress, possibly related respiratory failure, and cardiac toxicity. These results suggest the combination of pentostatin/rituximab is well tolerated and active in low-grade lymphoma.
Factors associated with overweight in children living in the neighbourhoods of an urban area of Brazil

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to investigate the individual and family determinants of being overweight among children younger than 10 years of age. Design Cross-sectional survey. Direct data on children's age, food intake, physical activity, type of transportation used and anthropometric measurements, as well as the education level of the mothers, were collected by trained interviewers. Setting Population-based study in the city of Santos, Brazil. Subjects A total of 531 children under 10 years of age (302 aged <6 years, 229 aged ≥6 years), living in the city of Santos. Results The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI-for-age Z-score >1) was 35·4 % for children under 6 years and 38·9 % for children aged 6–10 years. The socio-economic status of the family was associated with being overweight for both age groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the lower the socio-economic status, the higher the likelihood of being overweight, among both younger children (OR = 7·73; P = 0·02) and older children (OR = 1·98; P = 0·04). The use of active transportation was associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight, but only among younger children (OR = 1·70; P = 0·05). Conclusions Socio-economic status seems to be an important individual-level determinant of overweight in children. Public policies should consider promoting the use of active transportation, as the results showed it to have a positive effect on reducing overweight issues. The high prevalence of overweight in younger children suggests that this age group should be a priority in health-promoting interventions.
Digital associative memory for word-parrallel Manhattan-distance-based vector quantization

Digital Word-parallel associative-memory architecture capable of Manhattan-distance-based vector quantization is reported, which applies frequency dividers and clock counting to realize nearest Manhattan-distance (MD) search. Experimental verification was done with a 65 nm CMOS design implementing 128 reference vectors, each having 16 components and 16 bit per component. For the fabricated test chips 926 ps minimum search time and 2.13 mW power dissipation are measured at 120MHz and Vdd = 1.2V. At lower supply voltage of Vdd = 0.9V and lower frequency of 20MHz the power-dissipation reduces to 130 μW. In comparison to previous digital architecture a factor 100 smaller power delay product (estimated factor 16 when scaled to 65 nm CMOS) is achieved.
[Studies on flavonoid constituents from herbs of Artemisia ordosica II].

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of herbs of Artemisia ordosica. METHOD The chemical constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified on silica gel column and the structures were elucidated by the NMR spectra and physicochemical properties. RESULT Eight flavones were obtained and they were identified as isosakuranetin, 7, 4'-dimethylaro madendrin, acacetin, cirsimaritin, rhamnetin, eupatolin, 5, 7, 2', 4'-tetrahydroxy-6, 5'-dimethoxyflavone, hyperoside. CONCLUSION All the compounds were obtained from herbs of A. ordosica for the first time.
In vivo metabolism of the new designer drug 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP) in rat and identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the major metabolic step

1. The in vivo metabolism of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP), a novel designer drug, was studied in male Wistar rats. 2. MeOPP was mainly O-demethylated to 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine (4-HO-PP) in addition to degradation of the piperazine moiety. 3. O-demethylation, the major metabolic step, was studied with cDNA-expressed human hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) and in single donor human liver microsomes with CYP2D6 poor metabolizer genotype (PM HLM). 4. CYP2D6 catalysed O-demethylation with apparent Km and Vmax values of 48.34 ± 14.48 µM and 5.44 ± 0.47 pmol min−1 pmol−1 CYP, respectively. pHLM catalysed the monitored reaction with an apparent Km = 204.80 ± 51.81 µM and Vmax = 127.50 ± 13.25 pmol min−1 mg−1 protein. 5. The CYP2D6-specific chemical inhibitor quinidine (1 and 3 µM) significantly inhibited 4-HO-PP formation by 71.9 ± 4.8% and by 98.5% ± 0.5%, respectively, in incubation mixtures with pHLM and 200 µM MeOPP. 6. O-demethylation was significantly lower in PM HLM compared with pHLM (70.6% ± 7.2%). 7. These data suggest that polymorphically expressed CYP2D6 is the enzyme mainly responsible for MeOPP O-demethylation.
Management Strategies for Skull Base Inverted Papilloma

Objective Inverted papilloma attached to the ventral skull base presents a surgical dilemma because surgical removal of the bony pedicle is critical to decrease risk of recurrence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic management of skull base inverted papilloma. Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Setting Tertiary medical center. Subjects Patients with skull base inverted papilloma. Methods Over 7 years, 49 patients with skull base inverted papilloma were referred for surgical resection. Demographics, operative technique, pathology, complications, recurrence, and postoperative follow-up were evaluated. Results Average age at presentation was 57 years. Twenty-six patients (53%) had prior attempts at resection elsewhere, and 5 had squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) arising in an inverted papilloma. Six patients (12%) suffered major complications, including skull base osteomyelitis in 2 previously irradiated patients, cerebrospinal fluid leak with pneumocephalus (n = 1), meningitis (n = 1), invasive fungal sinusitis (n = 1), and cerebrovascular accident (n = 1). The mean disease-free interval was 29 months (range, 10-78 months). One patient with SCCA recurred in the nasopharynx (overall 2% recurrence rate). He is disease-free 3 years following endoscopic nasopharyngectomy. Three patients with SCCA had endoscopic resection of the skull base, while 1 subject with inverted papilloma pedicled on the superior orbital roof had an osteoplastic flap in conjunction with a Draf III procedure. All others received endoscopic resection. Conclusions Removal of the bony pedicle resulted in excellent local control of skull base inverted papillomas. Our experience demonstrates that disease eradication with limited morbidity is attainable with this approach.
The role of endoscopy in in fl ammatory bowel disease

This is one of a series of statements discussing the use of GI endoscopy in common clinical situations. The Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) prepared this text. In preparing this guideline, a search of the medical literature by using PubMed from January 1980 through March 2014 was performed by using the keywords ‘‘inflammatory bowel disease,” “Crohn’s disease,” “ulcerative colitis,” ‘‘gastrointestinal endoscopy,’’ ‘‘endoscopy,’’ ‘‘endoscopic procedures,’’ and ‘‘procedures. ’’ Pertinent studies published in English were reviewed, and additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of the identified articles and from recommendations of expert consultants. When little or no data existed from well-designed prospective trials, emphasis was given to results from large series and reports from recognized experts. Guidelines for appropriate use of endoscopy are based on a critical review of the available data and expert consensus at the time that the guidelines are drafted. Further controlled clinical studies may be needed to clarify aspects of this guideline. This guideline may be revised as necessary to account for changes in technology, new data, or other aspects of clinical practice. The recommendations were based on reviewed studies and were graded on the strength of the supporting evidence by using the GRADE criteria (Table 1). This guideline is intended to be an educational device to provide information that may assist endoscopists in providing care to patients. This guideline is not a rule and should not be construed as establishing a legal standard of care or as encouraging, advocating, requiring, or discouraging any particular treatment. Clinical decisions in any particular case involve a complex analysis of the patient’s condition and available courses of action. Therefore, clinical considerations may lead an endoscopist to take a course of action that varies from these guidelines.
Low frequency stability study of a three-phase induction motor

A suitable volt/Hz control strategy is proposed for stability improvement in low frequency operation of induction motors fed from variable voltage and variable frequency supply. The analysis based on small scale perturbation method applied to the linearized model of state-space equations. Stability analyses are carried out through evaluation of eigen values of the linear model characteristic equation. Stability investigation shows that the simultaneous adjustment of stator voltage and frequency provides a convenient means for maintaining stability of induction motor. The results are verified by standard transient analysis method and demonstrate a very close agreement.