Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[A pathological comparison of primary and metastatic lesions as a prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma].

The purpose of this study is clarify the changes in histological grade between primary and metastatic lesions in renal cell carcinoma. A tota of 100 cases of renal cell carcinoma and their metastases were compared respectively. In 31 (31%) of the cases observed, metastatic lesions were observed to have higher grade of malignancy when compared to primary lesions. In 59 (59%) of the cases, metastatic lesions had the same grade of malignancy and in 10 (10%) of the cases, metastatic lesions had a lower grade of malignancy when compared to primary lesions. The frequency of upgrading cases in young patients (i.e. less than 40 years old) occurred with less frequency when compared to elderly patients. Additionally, the frequency of upgrading cases involving female patients was lower when compared to male patients. The one year survival rates in patients, who received nephrectomy, having grade 1 to 4 lesions following metastases were 100%, 65%, 71%, and 27% respectively. From these percentages, a statistically significant difference exists in one year survival rates between patients with grade 2 and 4 metastatic lesions (p < 0.005), and grade 3 and 4 metastatic lesions (p < 0.01). Histological grade of metastatic lesions is an important prognostic indicator for determining the outcome of renal cell carcinoma following metastases. Thus it is important that the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma be based on the histological grade of metastatic lesions as well as primary lesions.
Modelling inflation in transportation, comunication and financial services using B-Spline time series model

Inflation is an increase in the price of goods and services in general where the goods and services are the basic needs of society or the decline of the selling power of a country’s currency. Significant inflationary increases occurred in 2013. This increase was contributed by a significant increase in some inflation sectors / groups i.e transportation, communication and financial services; the foodstuff sector, and the housing, water, electricity, gas and fuel sectors. However, significant contributions occurred in the transportation, communications and financial services sectors. In the model of IFIs in the transportation, communication and financial services sector use the B-Spline time series approach, where the predictor variable is Yt, whereas the predictor is a significant lag (in this case Yt-1). In modeling B-spline time series determined the order and the optimum knot point. Optimum knot determination using Generalized Cross Validation (GCV). In inflation modeling for transportation sector, communication and financial services obtained model of B-spline order 2 with 2 points knots produce MAPE less than 50%.
Low growth temperatures modify the efficiency of light use by photosystem II for CO2 assimilation in leaves of two chilling-tolerant C4 species, Cyperus longus L. and Miscanthus x giganteus.

Two C4 plants, Miscanthus x giganteus and Cyperus longus L. , were grown at suboptimal growth temperatures and the relationships between the quantum efficiencies of photosynthetic electron transport through photosystem II (PSII) (PSII operating efficiency; Fq'/Fm') and CO2 assimilation (phiCO2) in leaves were examined. When M. x giganteus was grown at 10 degrees C, the ratio of the PSII operating efficiency to phiCO2 increased relative to that found in leaves grown at 14 and 25 degrees C. Similar increases in the Fq'/Fm': phiCO2 occurred in the leaves of two C. longus ecotypes when the plants were grown at 17 degrees C, compared to 25 degrees C. These elevations of Fq'/Fm': phiCO2 at low growth temperatures were not attributable to the development of anthocyanins, as has been suggested for maize, and were indicative of the operation of an alternative sink to CO2 assimilation for photosynthetic reducing equivalents, possibly oxygen reduction via a Mehler reaction, which would act as a mechanism for protection of PSII from photoinactivation and damage. Furthermore, in M. x giganteus grown at 10 degrees C, further protection of PSII was effected by a 20-fold increase in zeaxanthin content in dark-adapted leaves, which was associated with much higher levels of non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy, compared to that observed in leaves grown at 14 and 25 degrees C. These differences may explain the long growing season and remarkable productivity of this C4 plant in cool climates, even in comparison to other C4 species such as C. longus, which occur naturally in such climates.
A novel immunodeficiency characterized by the exclusive presence of transitional B cells unresponsive to CpG

The objective of this study was to describe a novel form of primary immune disorder characterized by circulating B cells with the exclusive transitional phenotype which fail to respond to CpG stimulation. The 12‐year‐old male patient suffered from recurrent bacterial infections since infancy. The immunological studies were based on extensive B cell immunophenotyping, humoral in vivo response to different vaccine antigens, and in vitro proliferation and immunoglobulin production after CpG stimulation. Sequence analysis for potentially candidate genes such as IRF8, MyD88, TLR9, T‐bet were performed. The patient's serum immunoglobulin levels and the specific antibody response to tetanus toxoid were normal, whereas that to polysaccharide antigens was severely impaired. Flow cytometric analysis showed that almost all patient's peripheral B cells had the transitional phenotype (CD24bright CD38bright CD27neg). Furthermore, the patient's B cells did not proliferate and failed to secrete immunoglobulins after in vitro CpG stimulation. Sequence analysis for TLR9, MyD88, IRF8 and T‐bet showed no mutations. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a novel primary immunodeficiency mimicking the clinical phenotype of common variable immunodeficiency, with a peculiar immunological phenotype characterized by normal immunoglobulin serum levels, circulating B cells with the exclusive transitional phenotype unable to respond to CpG stimulation. This defines a novel form of primary immunodeficiency mimicking common variable immunodeficiency in the presence of normal immunoglobulin serum levels.
In Vivo Liver-Directed Gene Transfer in Rats and Pigs with Large Anionic Multilamellar Liposomes: Routes of Administration and Effects of Surgical Manipulations on Transfection Efficiency

Abstract Conventional large (500–800 nm) multilamellar liposomes encapsulating DNA have been used in vivo as gene vectors into rat and pig liver. By using the intraportal vein route, high dose DNA (10 mg/kg) provided low efficiency and transient luciferase gene expression in the liver. This gene expression was, however, increased by liver resection (> 50%), ischemia (20 min) or orthotopic transplantation. As evidenced by histochemical analysis of β-galactosidase expression, the gene transfection mainly ensued in Kupffer cells, but spleen and lung were contaminated. In comparison, injection into the bile duct of even 25-fold lower dose of liposome-encapsulated DNA (0.4 mg/kg) produced higher (100-fold) and long-lasting (during 6 days, at least) luciferase expression in rat liver. The gene expression was restricted to the liver and enhanced by liver resection. By this route, transgene-expressing cells were mainly hepatocytes. A treatment with colchicine prior to the administration of the vector allowed the persistence of relative high gene expression for at least 7 days. In pigs, qualitatively similar, but quantitatively less efficient gene expression was obtained by either the portal vein or the bile duct route. These results indicate that intrabile duct route might render large non-viral vectors applicable to gene transfer into the hepatocytes. The efficiency of liposome-mediated gene transfer into the liver can be increased by liver resection, ischemia or transplantation performed before DNA injection.
Repeated Interaction in Standard Setting

As part of the standard-setting process, certain patents become essential. This may allow the owners of these standard-essential patents to hold up implementers of the standard, who can no longer turn to substitute technologies. However, many real-world standards evolve over time, with several generations of standards succeeding each other. Thus, standard setting is a repeated game in which participants can condition future behavior on whether or not hold-up has occurred in the past. In the presence of complementarity between the different patents included in the standard, technology contributors have an incentive to discipline each other and keep royalties low, which can be achieved by threatening to exclude contributors who have engaged in hold-up from future rounds of the process. We show that repeated standard setting can sustain FRAND royalties provided the probability that another round of standard setting will occur is sufficiently high. We also examine how the decision-making rules of standard-setting organizations affect the sustainability of FRAND royalties.
Performance of interference aware receivers in the downlink of LTE

In this paper, performance of two Interference Aware (IA) receivers is assessed in the context of MultiUser-Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) Coordinated MultiPoint (CoMP) in the downlink (DL) of Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular system. The use of IA receivers is motivated by the poor spatial resolution of the LTE codebook, considered here. Analytical formulation of receivers and Log likelihood Ratios (LLRs) in the context of the study is derived. The performance are measured thanks to link level simulations. It is first shown that interference must be rejected at the receiver. Studied receivers are then shown to be able to reject all the interference due to MU-MIMO. Finally it is demonstrated that these algorithms are robust to a non optimal location of UEs with respect to precoders used.
Spontaneous flower constancy and learning in honey bees as a function of colour

When presented with an artificial flower patch of blue and yellow pedicellate flowers, individual honey bees, Apis mellifera L. , became constant to one of the two flower colours, rarely even sampling the alternative colour. Some bees visited only blue flowers while others visited only yellow flowers. This paper describes the onset of constancy for bees that had had no experience with the experimental apparatus. In 3020 visits, bees failed to land on or drink from the flower colour on which they first landed only 17 times. This behaviour was not modified by quality or quantity of reward, training to the experimental site, group effects or presence of odour during trials. However, when we trained bees to a target painted with two colours and then forced them to sample monomorphic flower patches in sequence, all bees visited the only colour present: yellow or blue. When we subsequently offered these same bees yellow and blue flowers simultaneously (rewarded choices), they became constant. Eleven of 23 bees showed constancy to the less rewarding flower morph without even sampling the alternative. Those bees failed to sample even though they had previously been forced to visit the alternative flower morph, which offered a reward with twice the calories/volume. Constancy is thus spontaneous in honey bees, but it can be hidden by some experimental protocols designed to study learning.1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
A Remote Procedure Call Approach for Extreme-scale Services

When working at exascale, the various constraints imposed by the extreme scale of the system bring new challenges for application users and software/middleware developers. In that context, and to provide best performance, resiliency and energy efficiency, software may be provided as a service oriented approach, adjusting resource utilization to best meet facility and user requirements. Remote procedure call (RPC) is a technique that originally followed a client/server model and allowed local calls to be transparently executed on remote resources. RPC consists of serializing the local function parameters into a memory buffer and sending that buffer to a remote target that in turn deserializes the parameters and executes the corresponding function call, returning the result back to the caller. Building reusable services requires the definition of a communication model to remotely access these services and for this purpose, RPC can serve as a foundation for accessing them. We introduce the necessary building blocks to enable this ecosystem to software and middleware developers with an RPC framework called Mercury.
Retirement patterns and the macroeconomy, 1992-2010: the prevalence and determinants of bridge jobs, phased retirement, and reentry among three recent cohorts of older americans.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Older Americans contemplating retirement today face a very different economic environment than prior cohorts did. This article examines whether the retirement patterns of older Americans have changed as a result. DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from 10 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine the prevalence of bridge jobs, phased retirement, and labor market reentry among 3 recent cohorts of older Americans, from 1992 through 2010. Determinants of retirement transitions are examined using bivariate comparisons and multivariate logistic and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS We find that traditional one-time, permanent exits from the labor force continue to be the exception rather than the rule and that the retirement patterns of the Early Boomers, those on the cusp of retirement during the recent Great Recession, appear to be diverging from those of earlier cohorts. The Early Boomer women, in particular, were more likely than those in previous cohorts, the HRS Core and the HRS War Babies, to move to a bridge job prior to exiting the labor force completely and both Early Boomer men and women were more likely to leave their career jobs involuntarily, with layoffs being a key factor. IMPLICATIONS The "do-it-yourself" approach to retirement planning-with individuals managing a large portion of their retirement finances-is now common among older Americans. This change in the retirement environment, combined with a significant and persistent cyclical downturn, may have long-lasting effects and suggests that the concept of retirement in the United States will continue to evolve.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Power-Quality Disturbances via the Gabor–Wigner Transform

Recently, many signal-processing techniques, such as fast Fourier transform, short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform (WT), and wavelet packet transform (WPT), have been applied to detect, identify, and classify power-quality (PQ) disturbances. For research on PQ analysis, it is critical to apply the appropriate signal-processing techniques to solve PQ problems. In this paper, a new time-frequency analysis method, namely, the Gabor-Wigner transform (GWT), is introduced and applied to detect and identify PQ disturbances. Since GWT is an operational combination of the Gabor transform (GT) and the Wigner distribution function (WDF), it can overcome the disadvantages of both. GWT has two advantages which are that it has fewer cross-term problems than the WDF and higher clarity than the GT. Studies are presented which verify that the merits of GWT make it adequate for PQ analysis. In the case studies considered here, the various PQ disturbances, including voltage swell, voltage sag, harmonics, interharmonics, transients, voltage changes with multiple frequencies and voltage fluctuation, or flicker, will be thoroughly investigated by using this new time-frequency analysis method.
Objective and subjective sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Assess objectively measured sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. DESIGN Observational epidemiology study. SETTING Community-based. PARTICIPANTS Probability sample of 589 premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women recruited from state employee records. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Menopausal status was determined by menstrual history, surgical history, and use of hormone replacement therapy. Sleep quality was objectively measured by full in-laboratory polysomnography and by self-reported sleep problems. Linear and logistic regression were used to estimate associations adjusted for potential confounding factors. OBJECTIVE Sleep quality was not worse in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, compared with premenopausal women. To the contrary, postmenopausal woman had more deep sleep (16% vs 13% stages 3/4, P < 0.001) and significantly longer total sleep time (388 minutes vs 374 minutes, P = 0.05). Menopausal status was moderately related to self-reported dissatisfaction with sleep but was not consistently associated with symptoms of insomnia or sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS Menopause is not associated with diminished sleep quality measured by polysomnography. Although perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, relative to premenopausal women, were less satisfied with their sleep, menopause was not a strong predictor of specific sleep-disorder symptoms. Symptoms and signs of sleep abnormalities in midlife women should not be attributed primarily to menopause before ruling out underlying sleep disorders.
Effect of level of chronic immune system activation on the lactational performance of sows.

The effect of the level of chronic immune system (IS) activation on sow lactational performance was determined in 11 pairs of littermate, primiparous sows. Sows with a low level of IS activation were created by rearing the animals via early weaning, isolated rearing schemes. During lactation, two levels of IS activation were achieved in each littermate sow pair by subcutaneous administration of either 0 (saline) or 5 microg/kg of sow BW of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a mineral oil adjuvant emulsion on d 2 and 10 of lactation. Litters were standardized to 13 pigs by 8 h postpartum. Sows were offered daily 6.0 kg of a corn-soy diet formulated to contain a minimum of 250% of the dietary nutrient concentrations estimated to be needed by lactating sows. Based on antibody titers to LPS and serum concentrations of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), high IS sows mounted an immune response to the LPS during lactation, and low IS sows maintained a low level of IS activation. Over an 18-d lactation, a high level of chronic activation of the sows' immune systems depressed daily sow feed intakes by . 56 kg, litter weight gains by . 32 kg, and daily milk by 1.4 kg, milk energy by 1.7 Mcal, and milk protein yields by 71 g, but did not alter sow body weight loss. The reductions in yields of milk and milk nutrients likely were because of proinflammatory cytokine-induced inhibition of the lactogenic hormones resulting from high chronic IS activation. Based on these data, the level of chronic IS activation alters the lactational performance of sows.
Price forecasting in the day-ahead Iberian electricity market using a conjectural variations ARIMA model

Price forecast is a matter of concern for all participants in electricity markets, from suppliers to consumers through policy makers, which are interested in the accurate forecast of day-ahead electricity prices either for better decisions making or for an improved evaluation of the effectiveness of market rules and structure. This paper describes a methodology to forecast market prices in an electricity market using an ARIMA model applied to the conjectural variations of the firms acting in an electricity market. This methodology is applied to the Iberian electricity market to forecast market prices in the 24 hours of a working day. The methodology was then compared with two other methodologies, one called naïve and the other a direct forecast of market prices using also an ARIMA model. Results show that the conjectural variations price forecast performs better than the naïve and that it performs slightly better than the direct price forecast.
The acute behavioral syndrome of anterior thalamic infarction: A prospective study of 12 cases

Using systematic investigations, including neurological and neuropsychological examinations and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging analyzed on anatomical maps, we prospectively studied 12 patients (age range, 63 ± 19 years) with an isolated anterior thalamic infarct. They had acute, severe, perseverative behavior, which was apparent in thinking, speech, and all memory and executive tasks, combined with increased sensitivity to interference. They also showed superimposition of mental activities normally processed sequentially (eg, giving biographical information while working on a calculation test), which we called palipsychism (from the Greek palin [again] and the Greek psychê [soul]). In addition, all 12 patients (8 with a left‐sided infarct, 4 with a right‐sided infarct) had word‐finding difficulties, 7 of 12 with impaired naming, 8 of 12 with dysarthria, and 5 of 12 with hypophonia. Comprehension, repetition, written abilities, and reasoning were consistently preserved, but apathy was usual. All patients had anterograde memory impairment, with a delayed recall deficit, primarily verbal in left‐sided infarcts and visuospatial in right‐sided infarcts. Dysexecutive features such as difficulty in programming motor sequences were always present. Visual neglect or topographic disorientation was found in 3 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging emphasized involvement of the anterior group of thalamic nuclei, the mamillothalamic tract, and the anterior part of the internal medullary lamina, with structural sparing of the dorsomedial and ventrolateral nuclei. Sequential follow‐up examinations showed spectacular improvement within a few months, with the only significant persisting abnormalities being memory dysfunction and apathy. The acute behavioral syndrome of anterior thalamic infarction is dominated by palipsychism, which corresponds to an overlap of sequential cognitive processes in two or more domains. Its association with severe perseverative behavior with increased sensitivity to interference, anterograde memory retrieval deficit, intrusions, naming difficulties with dysarthria and hypophonia, and apathy is suggestive of this type of infarct. Ann Neurol 2000;48:220–227
Noradrenaline and tyramine action on isolated atrial muscle of endotoxin‐treated guinea‐pigs

1 Isolated left‐atrial strips of guinea‐pigs were driven electrically at a constant rate and log‐concentration curves were determined for the positive inotropic effect of noradrenaline and tyramine. 2 The atrial tissue from endotoxin‐treated animals had a reduced sensitivity to noradrenaline and tyramine. 3 After endotoxin, the sensitizing effect of cocaine on the response to noradrenaline was normal but accumulation of 3H‐noradrenaline in nerve terminals was markedly reduced. 4 Atrial tissue of endotoxin‐treated guinea‐pigs responded normally to stretch.
Signal segmentation in time-frequency plane using Rényi entropy - Application in seismic signal processing

Reliable seismic waves characterization is essential for better understanding wave propagation phenomena, providing new physical insight into soil properties. Many works in this area have been based on detecting special patterns or clusters in seismic data, event detection using parametric models and time-frequency analysis. In this paper we present a new approach making use of the short-term time-frequency Rényi entropy and maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimator, operating on time-frequency Rényi entropy, as a new space of decision; this method enables more robust feature extraction and a more accurate classification. This approach was used in simulation and in the analysis of the earthquake records during the Kocaeli, Arcelik seism, Turkey, August 1999, a strong to moderate ground motion.