Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On some key techniques in Internet topology modeling

Modeling of Internet topology has become the focus of Internet-related research fields recently, and was also the topic of this paper. First, the topology measuring results were collected and processed by tools of IP Alias resolution and sampling bias handling. Then, frequency-degree power-law, degree-rank power-law and so on were performed on these topology data to find power-law properties of the Internet topology. With the power-law achievements, an Internet topology model was constructed based on BA model after two steps of improvements. The first improvement is to optimize parameters of BA model through Genetic Algorithm and SLS in order to make the model complying with frequency-degree power-law analysis result; and the second one is to modulate the improved model again according to the degree-rank power-law analysis results. Generating algorithm for the topology model was finally given.
A Multicenter Study of Bipolar Disorder among Emergency Department Patients in Latin-American Countries

Objective: This multicenter study estimated the prevalence of bipolar disorder (BPD) among emergency department (ED) patients in Latin America. Methods: To identify patients with BPD, a combination of DSM IV-criteria interview and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was used. Data from 1,505 patients from hospitals in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico was analyzed. Results: The prevalence of BPD in this sample was 5.2% (95% CI=4.5% to 6.9%). The mean age was 37 years (response rate of 83.0%). Compared to non-BPD patients, BPD patients were more likely to report asthma (16.7% vs. 9%), thyroid problems (12.8% vs. 5.8%), seizures (23.1% vs. 3.0%), obesity (39.7% vs. 26.9%), alcohol abuse (30.8% vs. 10.0%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (50.0% vs. 12.0%), depression (81.6% vs. 45.7%), obsessive compulsive disorder (20.1% vs. 3.0%), panic disorders (23.1% vs. 12.3%), phobic disorders (11.2% vs. 3.1%), and any anxiety disorder (82.1 % vs. 41.8%; all p ⩽ 0.05). Suicidal plans and attempts were also significant higher in the bipolar group (11.5% vs. 2.8% and 10.3% vs. 1.8% respectively). Multivariate analysis identified ADHD, depression, alcohol abuse, anxiety disorder, and last month suicide plans and attempts to be independently associated with BPD. Conclusion: Our study supports that BPD is prevalent in ED in Latin-American countries and that comorbidity is the rule, not the exception. Patients presenting at ED with irritability, anxiety, pressure speech, euphoria, with suicidal tendencies, involved in risky behaviors, alcohol abuse, dependence or those with history of mental health hospitalization in the past 12 months must be assessed for comorbid BPD.
Multifrequency Acoustical Holography

In typical liquid surface acoustical holography systems, a small tank (minitank) contains the imaging fluid. A thin membrane separates the imaging fluid from the main tank in which the acoustic object is immersed. It is usually assumed that this membrane is acoustically transparent. The inertial reactance of the membrane can be of the order of the characteristic impedances of the adjacent fluids. When this occurs, the membrane is not transparent, and the transmission and reflection coefficients at the membrane will be complex; the transmission coefficient decreases in magnitude and the reflection coefficient increases. These coefficients appear in the expression for the minitank transfer function, which relates the acoustic particle velocity at the liquid surface to the velocity potential in the incident acoustic field. The transfer function exhibits oscillatory behavior at large minitank depths and moderate angles of incidence due to multiple internal reflections and interference effects. When membrane inertia is signifiManuscript received February 22, 1979. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of NRL Problem 84F01-25. 20375. The author is with the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. CLARK, JR. cant, the minitank becomes a more efficient waveguide; interference effects become more pronounced and occur at shallow depths. Using identical fluids causes the transfer function to become oscillatory at even small angles of incidence. The best fidelity is obtained at shallow depths over moderate angles of incidence; the magnitude and phase of the transfer function are approximately constant then.
Kentish Versus Snowy Plover: Phenotypic and Genetic Analyses of Charadrius alexandrinus Reveal Divergence of Eurasian and American Subspecies

ABSTRACT. Many shorebird species have widespread geographic distributions comprising several continents. Because shorebirds are excellent flyers and can migrate large distances, it is often unclear whether reproductive barriers between subspecies and populations from different continents exist. Kentish-Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) are cosmopolitan shorebirds. Whether the American and Eurasian subspecies-Snowy Plover and Kentish Plover, respectively—constitute a single species is the subject of a longstanding debate. We examined the divergence between American and Eurasian populations to reassess the current taxonomy by comparing genetic and phenotypic characters of the American subspecies C. a. nivosus and the Eurasian subspecies C. a. alexandrinus from seven populations. Genetic analyses revealed that American and Eurasian populations have strongly diverged, the Kentish Plover being more closely related to the White-fronted Plover (C. marginatus) than to the Snowy Plover. These results were consistent across all assessed nuclear markers (26 microsatellites and a partial CHD sequence) and two mitochondrial markers (ND3 and ATPase 6/8). Within subspecies, populations sampled across large geographic distances were not genetically differentiated (all F st ≤ 0.01 and all &PHgr;st ≤ 0.06), which suggests panmixia. Snowy Plovers differed morphologically from Kentish Plovers, having significantly shorter tarsi and wings. Chick plumage and calls also may serve as diagnostic characters to distinguish Snowy and Kentish plovers, although more data are needed to quantify these differences. Our combined results suggest that the taxonomic status of C. alexandrinus needs to be revised, and we propose that Kentish Plover and Snowy Plover be recognized as separate species: C. alexandrinus and C. nivosus, respectively.
Identification of Spam Keywords Using Hierarchical Category in C2C E-commerce

—Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-commerce has been growing at a very high speed in recent years. Since identical or nearly-same kinds of products compete one another by relying on keyword search in C2C E-commerce, some sellers describe their products with spam keywords that are popular but are not related to their products. Though such products get more chances to be retrieved and selected by consumers than those without spam keywords, the spam keywords mislead the consumers and waste their time. This problem has been reported in many commercial services like ebay and taobao, but there have been little research to solve this problem. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a method to classify whether keywords of a product are spam or not. The proposed method assumes that a keyword for a given product is more reliable if the keyword is observed commonly in speciﬁcations of products which are the same or the same kind as the given product. This is because that a hierarchical category of a product in general determined precisely by a seller of the product and so is the speciﬁcation of the product. Since higher layers of the hierarchical category represent more general kinds of products, a reliable degree is differently determined according to the layers. Hence, reliable degrees from different layers of a hierarchical category become features for keywords and they are used together with features only from speciﬁcations for classiﬁcation of the keywords. Support Vector Machines are adopted as a basic classiﬁer using the features, since it is powerful, and widely used in many classiﬁcation tasks. In the experiments, the proposed method is evaluated with a golden standard dataset from Yi-han-wang, a Chinese C2C E-commerce, and is compared with a baseline method that does not consider the hierarchical category. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline in F1-measure, which proves that spam keywords are effectively identiﬁed by a hierarchical category in C2C E-commerce.
Spectroscopic lineshape correction by QUECC: Combined QUALITY deconvolution and eddy current correction

Lineshape distortion due to residual eddy currents and magnetic field inhomogeneities are often present in short echo time 1H spectroscopic data. Lineshape correction methods such as QUALITY deconvolution and eddy current correction (ECC), which use a separate reference spectrum for lineshape correction, have shortcomings when unsuppressed water is chosen as the reference. This paper outlines a method of integrating both techniques to overcome these limitations while still using unsuppressed water as the reference signal. This hybrid lineshape correction technique (QUECC) is demonstrated in vivo using stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) localized 4.0 Tesla data. Metabolite quantification precision increased by an average of 7%–46% compared to QUALITY deconvolution (depending on filtering) and by an average of 6% compared to ECC. Magn Reson Med 44:641–645, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer: A review

Heracleum persicum is known as Persian Hogweed. H. persicum extracts and essential oil are important areas in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the Middle East especially in Iran. For a long time H. persicum has been used in traditional medicines for the relief of flatulence, stomachs as well as flavoring, as a digestive and an antiseptic. H. persicum has recently been shown to have antioxidant, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Pimpinellin, isopimpinellin, bergapten, isobergapten and sphondin are furanocoumarins which are reported from roots of this plant. Hexyl butyrate, octyl acetate and hexyl-2-methylbutanoate were identified as the major constituents for H. persicum essential oil. Due to the easy collection of the plant and being widespread and also remarkable biological activities, this plant has become both food and medicine in Iran. This review presents comprehensive analyzed information on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of H. persicum. Key words: Heracleum persicum, Apiaceae, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory.
The Relationship between the Supply of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Cardiologists and the use of Invasive Cardiac Procedures in Northern New England

Objectives: Utilization rates of coronary angiography and cardiac revascularization have been found to vary between areas. This study addresses the relationship between resource supply and procedure rates. Methods: We compared the association of per capita catheterization laboratories, per capita cardiologists and multi-provider markets (where more than one hospital offers coronary angiography services) with the utilization rates for angiography and cardiac revascularization in northern New England, USA. Administrative data were used to capture invasive cardiac procedures. Small area analyses were used to create coronary angiography service areas. Linear regression methods were used to measure associations between the resource supply and utilization rates. Results: Variation in the use of invasive cardiac procedures was strongly associated with the population-based availability of catheterization facilities and multi-provider markets and unrelated to cardiologist supply or need (as reflected in the hospitalization rates for myocardial infarction). In the multivariate model, an increase of 1 catheterization laboratory per 100 000 population was associated with an increase in the angiography rate of 1.62 per 1000 population; those service areas with multi-provider markets were associated with an additional increase in the angiography rate of 1.27 per 1000 population (R 2= 0.84, P = 0.0006). There was a moderately strong relationship between the catheterization laboratories per capita and the revascularization rates (R 2 = 0.43, P = 0.029). Angiography rates were highly associated with cardiac revascularization rates: An increase in the angiography rate of 1 per 1000 population was associated with a 0.46 per 1000 increase in the cardiac revascularization rate (R 2 = 0.85, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Our work suggests that current efforts to address variation in cardiac procedures through activities such as appropriateness criteria, guidelines and utilization review are misdirected and should be redirected towards capacity, in this case the supply of catheterization facilities.
Multirate Repetitive Control and Applications - Verification of Switching Scheme by HDD and Visual Servoing -

In this paper, two multirate repetitive controllers are proposed, namely, repetitive intersample disturbance rejection (RIDR) and repetitive perfect tracking control (RPTC). First, in order to develop RIDR, multirate intersample disturbance rejection algorithm is reviewed which was proposed by authors for general digital control systems with restricted sampling frequency. Second, RPTC method is proposed to reduce the computation cost for system with many disturbance modes, in which the multirate control is introduced to overcome unstable zero problem of discretetime plant. Third, both for RIDR and RPTC, the novel scheme of repetitive feedforward control is proposed based on switching mechanism, which enables the rejection of periodical disturbance without any sacrifice of the closed-loop characteristics. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to high-order repeatable runout (RRO) rejection problem of hard disk drive (HDD) and high-speed motion tracking problem of visual servoing. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
On the structure of CΓ

(ii) (Lazard’s Theorem) L is the polynomial algebra Z[x1, x2, . ]. We proved Lazard’s theorem last semester. We also proved that MU∗ is isomorphic to Z[x1, x2, . ], so MU∗ and L are both polynomial algebras with generators in even degrees (positive even degrees in MU∗, and negative even degrees in L). The usual complex orientation on MU gives rise to a formal group law, and thus we have a homomorphism θ : L→MU∗. Quillen’s Theorem: θ is an isomorphism. In other words, the formal group law associated with MU is the universal one. Given this isomorphism, we can regard MU∗(X) as an L-module.
Rabies as a traveler's risk, especially in high-endemicity areas.

Rabies is a viral zoonosis, an animal disease transmissible to humans, caused by rhabdoviruses of the genus Lyssavirus. It is almost invariably fatal in humans. Rabies is widely distributed throughout the world and present in all continents. More than 99. ,9 % of human deaths from rabies reported worldwide result from the bite of a rabid dog. Prompt and thorough cleansing of the wound, together with administration of immunoglobulin in cases of severe exposure, and immunization with modern vaccines starting immediately after exposure, virtually guarantee complete protection. When assessing the risk of contracting the disease for a traveller visiting a rabies- affected area, to contract the disease one should consider the probability of: rabies exposure that which is directly related to the incidence of rabies in the area and the probability of contact with an infected rabies- susceptible animals, be it either wild or and domestic animals, especially dogs and cats; being provided with the best possible treatment, which depends upon the availability of modern safe and efficacious rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin, and the rabies awareness of the health care providers in charge of rabies prophylaxis in the area where the exposure occurs. This article,paper using a number of examples and recent data on dog bite incidence and vaccine availability in various parts of the world, provides guidance on how to assess the risk and proposes means to avoid or mitigate this risk.
Immunological and virological markers of disease progression in HIV‐infected children

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus culture and antigen detection assays are useful for early detection of vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection in infants under 12 months of age. Sixty‐four children born to HIV‐1‐seropositive mothers were evaluated. Thirteen children (20.3%) were repeatedly positive by PCR analysis. There was 100% concordance between the results obtained from PCR and culture assays. Measurement of p24 antigen in serum was, in contrast, a less sensitive marker of HIV infection: only 5/13 infants had positive p24 antigen results. We have investigated the relationship among the HIV‐1 biological phenotype, replicative capacity of viral isolates, HIV RNA copy number in plasma, p24 antigenaemia, CD4 T lymphocyte counts and the clinical status in 13 HIV‐infected infants. Six out of 13 HIV‐1 isolates from these patients were classified as rapid/high and seven as slow/low. We have found a significantly positive correlation between the replication rate of HIV isolates and their capacity to induce syncytia in vitro. The HIV‐1 isolates with rapid/high and syncytium‐inducing phenotype, and isolates with slow/low and non‐syncytium‐inducing phenotype were obtained from infants who had HIV‐1 RNA copy number ml−1 plasma values of 27654–83520 and 1342–34321, respectively. Levels of HIV‐1 RNA were measured in sequential plasma samples from three HIV‐infected infants and their biological properties determined in vitro. Our findings indicate that infants who carried viruses with more cytophatic biological phenotype and who had higher viral RNA copy numbers in blood were more likely to have lower CD4+ T cell counts and more likely to develop full‐blown AIDS.
On the mean field theory of mixed spin glass-ferromagnetic phases

2014 The thermodynamic properties of the infinite-ranged model, in the presence of a mean ferromagnetic interaction (J0 ~ 0), are easily derived from the case J0 = 0. The consequences of some subtle properties, predicted for the spin glass phase, are then brought into full light. J. Physique LETTRES 41 (1980) L-447 L-449 Classification Physics Abstracts 05.50 75.50K 15 SEPTEMBRE 1980,
Loss of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene expression in NF1‐associated pilocytic astrocytomas

The critical role of the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene as a tumour suppressor has been clearly demonstrated for malignancies arising in NF1 patients. However, little is known about the more common benign tumours, such as the pilocytic astrocytoma. Most NF1‐associated astrocytomas are benign and clinically non‐progressive, though aggressive tumours are occasionally encountered. In this study, eight pilocytic astrocytomas from six individuals affected with NF1 were analysed for NF1 expression. All eight tumours demonstrated loss of neurofibromin expression by immunohistochemistry, which was confirmed in one case using Western blot analysis. Microsatellite analysis showed loss of a single NF1 allele (LOH) in two of four NF1‐associated tumours. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to sporadic astrocytomas, loss of NF1 expression is an important primary genetic event in the pathogenesis of NF1‐associated pilocytic astrocytomas.
Violence toward nurses, the work environment, and patient outcomes.

PURPOSE To relate nurses' self-rated perceptions of violence (emotional abuse, threat, or actual violence) on medical-surgical units to the nursing working environment and to patient outcomes. DESIGN Cross-sectional collection of data by surveys and primary data collection for 1-week periods on 94 nursing wards in 21 hospitals in two states of Australia. METHODS Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R); Environmental Complexity Scale (ECS) PRN-80 (a measure of patient acuity); and a nursing survey with three questions on workplace violence; combined with primary data collection for staffing, skill mix, and patient outcomes (falls, medication errors). FINDINGS About one third of nurses participating (N=2,487, 80.3% response rate) perceived emotional abuse during the last five shifts worked. Reports of threats (14%) or actual violence (20%) were lower, but there was great variation among nursing units with some unit rates as high as 65%. Reported violence was associated with increased ward instability (lack of leadership; difficult MD and RN relationships). Violence was associated with unit operations: unanticipated changes in patient mix; proportion of patients awaiting placement; the discrepancy between nursing resources required from acuity measurement and those supplied; more tasks delayed; and increases in medication errors. Higher skill mix (percentage of registered nurses) and percentage of nurses with a bachelor of science in nursing degrees were associated with fewer reported perceptions of violence at the ward level. Intent to leave the present position was associated with perceptions of emotional violence but not with threat or actual assault. CONCLUSIONS Violence is a fact of working life for nurses. Perceptions of violence were related to adverse patient outcomes through unstable or negative qualities of the working environment. Perceptions of violence affect job satisfaction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In order to manage effectively the delivery of nursing care in hospitals, it is essential to understand the complexity of the nursing work environment, including the relationship of violence to patient outcomes.
Addressing needs and optimizing care with a clinical nurse specialist

Faced with cancer, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (aged 15–39 years) have different psychosocial and medical needs than their adult counterparts (Ferrari et al., 2010). These needs include information on topics such as fertility, sexuality, body image, nutrition, and exercise (D’Agostino, Penney, & Zebrack, 2011; Gupta, Edelstein, AlbertGreen, & D’Agostino, 2013). When these unique needs are not met, AYAs experience higher distress during their cancer journey (Williams, 2013). Recognizing this gap in care, the University Health Network Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (PM) launched an AYA program in 2014 to optimize the AYA cancer care experience and address the needs of this population. The program was led by a clinical nurse specialist (CNS), a medical director, a clinical director, and a project team that provided mentorship to the CNS during the early stages of program development. CNS practice is balanced between four key competencies: clinical care, education, leadership, and research. The role has been instrumental in developing and integrating the key domains of the AYA program: ɐ Patient consultations in which AYAs’ unique needs are addressed ɐ Provider education on important AYA issues (fertility, sexual health, and AYAspecific resources) ɐ Leadership activities (program awareness, partnership building, and resource development) ɐ Program evaluation (Canadian Nurses Association [CNA], 2014). This article describes the unique contributions of the CNS in AYA program development, as well as the roles and preliminary outcomes of the CNS within each domain.