Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems

From the Publisher: Lathi's trademark user-friendly and highly readable text presents a complete and modern treatment of communication systems. It begins by introducing students to the basics of communication systems without using probabilistic theory. Only after a solid knowledge basean understanding of how communication systems workhas been built are concepts requiring probability theory covered. This third edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to include expanded coverage of digital communications. New topics discussed include spread-spectrum systems, cellular communication systems, global positioning systems (GPS), and an entire chapter on emerging digital technologies (such as SONET, ISDN, BISDN, ATM, and video compression). Ideal for the first communication systems course for electrical engineers, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems offers students a superb pedagogical style; it consistently does an excellent job of explaining difficult concepts clearly, using prose as well as mathematics. The author makes every effort to give intuitive insightsrather than just proofsas well as heuristic explanations of theoretical results wherever possible. Featuring lucid explanations, well-chosen examples clarifying abstract mathematical results, and excellent illustrations, this unique text is highly informative and easily accessible to students. Superb pedagogical style  The book consistently does an excellent job of explaining difficult concepts clearly, using prose as well as mathematics. Every effort is made to give an intuitive insight - rather than just proofs - as well as heuristic explanations of theoretical results,wherever possible. The clear explanations, the well-chosen examples to clarify the abstract mathematical results, and the excellent illustrations make this book highly informative and easily accessible to an average student.
Design, Simulation and Characterization of Memory Cell Array for Low Power SRAM using 90nm CMOS Technology

First, unlike the conventional simple transistor SRAM cell, High Vt Transistor is used in order to reduce stand By leakage power . This is a single port 'Write Trough Memory' i.e. whatever data is going to write in a cell could read simultaneously. Since large Bit line capacitance is switched during read and writes operation, power dissipation is maximum during read and writes operation. To reduced the dynamic power the read and write circuitry is designed in such a way that very least no of transistor 'ON' at a time. Read and write operation performed when Precharge circuit is off. During Read, When Precharge signal goes to its 90% (Active Low) of its final value. Word line immediately 'ON' and goes off as soon as 60mv of bit line difference is achieved. Thus Access and pulldown transistor 'ON' for a very short moment of time hence reduced dynamic power.
A 114-dB 68-mW Chopper-stabilized stereo multibit audio ADC in 5.62 mm2

A multibit delta-sigma audio stereo analog-to-digital converter has been developed. It employs a fifth-order single-loop 17-level delta-sigma modulator with an input feedforward gain stage. A second-order mismatch shaping (DEM) circuit is utilized to remove tones and nonlinearities caused by capacitor mismatch of the feedback digital-to-analog converter. The implementation of the DEM block introduces minimum latency into the delta-sigma feedback loop. Chopper stabilization is applied to the first integrator to eliminate the 1/f noise. The converter achieves 114-dB dynamic range and -105-dB total harmonic distortion over the 20-kHz audio band. This single chip includes stereo analog modulators, bandgap reference, serial interface, and a two-stage decimation filter, occupies 5.62-mm/sup 2/ active area in a 0.35-/spl mu/m double-poly, three-metal CMOS process and dissipates only 55-mW power in the analog circuits.
Metabolic Interactome: The Missing Link between Single Cell Approach and Systems Biology Approach

Metabolism is a single common paradigm that connects all aspects of life – from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. It refers to all the chemical reactions that take place in an organism. Metabolic pathways conserved across various species provide a comprehensive map of how we evolved from the simplest life form while the newer elements of metabolic partners yield valuable information how adaptation to environmental conditions has played a key role in our ability to gain novel functions along the way. Living systems orchestrate an ensemble of structural and functional hierarchy of metabolic networks in order to regulate homeostasis. A useful guide to understand this complex labyrinth of energy landscapes is to exploit steady-state approximation which states that under homeostatic conditions, the rate of generation of any excess metabolite/cofactors is equal to the rate of removal of such perturbations. In this paradigm, the function of external/internal stimuli is to enable living systems to explore new steady states by means of transient perturbations. Unfavorable conditions during this exploration process may affect the bioenergetics of the living system reversibly or irreversibly. These changes form the basis of onset of disease process and the pathophysiology. The real question is: is this paradigm good enough for understanding human health and its breakdown as manifested in various diseases? Recent studies in single cell metabolism have revealed exciting new features that are far from our conventional linear thinking and point out clearly that the aforementioned paradigm is not only insufficient but also inaccurate in many cases. This brief editorial is an attempt to outline this state of affairs.
Still-to-video face recognition in unconstrained environments

Face images from video sequences captured in unconstrained environments usually contain several kinds of variations, e.g. pose, facial expression, illumination, image resolution and occlusion. Motion blur and compression artifacts also deteriorate recognition performance. Besides, in various practical systems such as law enforcement, video surveillance and e-passport identification, only a single still image per person is enrolled as the gallery set. Many existing methods may fail to work due to variations in face appearances and the limit of available gallery samples. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for still-to-video face recognition in unconstrained environments. By assuming that faces from still images and video frames share the same identity space, a regularized least squares regression method is utilized to tackle the multi-modality problem. Regularization terms based on heuristic assumptions are enrolled to avoid overfitting. In order to deal with the single image per person problem, we exploit face variations learned from training sets to synthesize virtual samples for gallery samples. We adopt a learning algorithm combining both affine/convex hull-based approach and regularizations to match image sets. Experimental results on a real-world dataset consisting of unconstrained video sequences demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods impressively.
Principles and implementation of permanent magnet synchronous motor zero-speed sensorless control

This paper presents an implementation of zero speed sensorless control for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). The paper focuses on the principles and practical implementation of high frequency injection technology in a salient PMSM. The method using rotating vector, carrier frequency excitation and heterodyning, tracking observers for position estimation is discussed. A DSP-based drive system for this purpose is developed The experimental results for the case of a buried PM machine are shown in the paper. It was demonstrated that acceptable results could be obtained from the buried PM machine using the simplest, single saliency-tracking method and a digital solution (DSP system based) is feasible for low speed operation, including zero speed.
Adaptive gamma processing of the video cameras for the expansion of the dynamic range

The authors have developed a new method for the expansion of the dynamic range of a video camera. A variable and nonlinear gamma characteristic is applied to the input image depending on the distribution of the luminance. The gamma characteristic is decided so as to amplify the luminance of the dark pixels and to preserve the contrast of the bright pixels for the back-lit objects. The output luminance equals the input luminance for the front-lit objects. The authors have established the decision rule of the gamma characteristic using the learning algorithms of the neural networks in order to make the decision rule coincide with the human vision. The effect of the new method is expansion of the dynamic range by 9.6 dB. The authors have developed a new structure for the implementation of the gamma decision rule. It consists of a cascade connection of RAMs and its scale is less than 1/100 than the conventional structure with a single RAM. They have implemented the adaptive gamma processing in a consumer video camera. >
A NEW WAVELET-BASED APPROACH TO PROGRESSIVE ENCODING OF REGIONS OF INTEREST IN A DIGITAL SIGNAL

Progressive digital signal encoding and subsequent transmission refer to signal compression techniques that allow both the original signal reconstruction without loss of any detail and the construction of signal approximations (estimates) with the accuracy level depending on the amount of data available. Locally progressive encoding and transmission can be achieved by first transmitting a “rough” estimate of the original signal, then sending further details related to one or another selected block (region of interest - ROI) of the signal. In this paper, we propose a new wavelet-based approach to implementing of a locally progressive digital signal coding idea. The proposed approach explores both the newly developed fast procedures for evaluation of the discrete wavelet (Haar, LeGall) transform for particular selected ROI in the digital signal and the zero-tree-based encoders with an improved zero-tree analysis scheme.
What Do Sharable Instructional Objects Have to do With Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Vice Versa?

By reviewing data on classroom and tutorial instruction, this article presents a perspective on the value of technology-based instruction in general and intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in particular. It finds mixed-initiative dialogue and on-demand, real-time generative capabilities to be defining functionalities of ITS. These functionalities are motivated by basic research into human learning and cognition. From this perspective, development of both the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) initiative and ITS are viewed as parallel but presently independent activities. Their common interests in the development and availability on the World Wide Web of sharable (accessible, interoperable, durable, and reusable) instructional objects that can act as either instructional content or algorithmic agents are described and discussed. Sharable instructional objects are likely to reduce the costs and increase the effectiveness of both ADL technologies and ITS. Development of these objects should be cooperatively .
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for modelling and control

A new approach for an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for modeling and control is proposed. This approach uses a general regression neural network with a different learning capability from the classical clustering algorithm normally used by this specific network. The antecedent parameters of the regression network are obtained through an iterative grid partition process instead of the usual gradient descent algorithm or the classical grid partition method in the literature of neural network modeling. The membership functions used in the antecedent part are asymmetric and with varying shapes (triangles, gaussian, trapezoidal, etc) which is less common in the fuzzy modeling literature. The consequent parameters are obtained using the least squares estimates algorithm. In the simulation, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system architecture is used to model a nonlinear function and to control the motion of a helicopter in the hover flight mode with promising results.
Transparent-Box Business Simulators: An Aid to Manage the Complexity of Organizations

The various methods and tools most commonly used for management training at the present time are insufficient to deal with the complexity of organizations. It seems clear that the system dynamics (SD) approach would allow the treatment of complexity in a more realistic way. The possibility of relating the system’s structure to its behavior is one of the main features of SD because it helps to understand the reasons behind this behavior and should favor decision making and an understanding of the phenomena observed. This possibility is offered by transparent-box business simulators that, in this way, help to overcome the deficiencies of other education tools.
Backward compatible JPEG lossy-to-lossless compression of medical data

This paper presents a two-layered lossy-to-lossless still image coding system for medical images. The proposed system is compliant with widely used JPEG standard, in the sense that the base layer of the system is compressed by a conventional JPEG encoder. The enhancement layer includes extra information of the difference between the original medical image and a JPEG compressed version. It is compressed losslessly and its bitstream is embedded in the base layer codestream. Performance evaluations of single-layer and two-layer lossless compression are both carried out on a set of medical images. Single-layer lossless compression results show that JPEG 2000 delivers similar performance as JPEG-LS, and that both outperform JPEG XR and PNG. The experimental results of two-layer lossless compression demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms an earlier proposed JPEG based coding system with residual coding, and yields similar results as JPEG 2000 and JPEG-LS standard while providing quality scalability and backward compatibility to JPEG.
A Time-Constrained Secure Data-driven Coordination Model

Summary The article mainly research the use of the security problem under the opening environment which the Linda-like data driven coordination model brings. In an open environment , it cannot guarantee all visit data coordination space the software entity credible. In order to carry on the control of the data coordination space security, it proposes one kind of security coordinated model with the time restraint. This coordinated model can realize coordinated tuple space safe access control by increasing the specific information to the tuple data and using mix key mechanism realization.
"Scheduling tracing", a technique of knowledge elicitation for production scheduling

Complexity of production scheduling in real world applications arises due to a diversity of constraints. Actual schedules to date are usually generated by experienced human schedulers. It is thus important to obtain a feasible solution to meet a variety of scheduling environments rather than to obtain an optimal solution generated on many unrealistic assumptions. Each production schedule created by human schedulers can be regarded as a feasible solution. The focus of this study is on obtaining a scheduling procedure similar to the human scheduler's one as much as possible. This leads to an idea of knowledge elicitation by interviewing a human scheduler while he traces the scheduling process actually practiced by him. This reminds him to talk about his scheduling knowledge as explicitly as possible. This knowledge elicitation is called "scheduling tracing" in this study and is very appropriate for building a knowledge base of production scheduling. Some uncertain types of knowledge are, however, left to acquire, which the scheduler possesses implicitly in mind. Hence, the well known knowledge elicitation technique of "prototype" is combined with "scheduling tracing" to improve the knowledge base. This combination of knowledge elicitation of "scheduling tracing" with "prototype" is applied to an example of production scheduling in current industrial practice to demonstrate its effectiveness in building a knowledge base of production scheduling.
Investigation of two-branch transmit diversity with two-branch receive diversity

This work investigates the possible SNR gain, which can be obtained by using two-branch transmit diversity with two-branch receive diversity. Furthermore a low complexity pre-detection antenna system for a handheld phone has been investigated as an option for receive diversity. The pre-detection antenna system consists of two antenna elements where the phase is altered prior to a RF combining. The results show the potential for a significant improvement of the overall SNR performance by using diversity at both the transmitter and receiver.
Exploiting Thread-Level Parallelism Based on Balancing Load for Speculative Multithreading

Speculative Multithreading (SpMT) technology is an effective mechanism for automatic parallelization of irregular programs. While speculative parallelization can potentially deliver significant speedup for irregular applications, several speculative parallelization overheads resulting from the factors, especially inter-thread load imbalance, limit these speedups in practice. Most existing thread partitioning methods are mainly based on heuristic rules strategies to generate speculative threads. However, these heuristic rules extracted from people’s experiences cannot estimate quantitatively but qualitatively the overhead. Based on the thorough analysis of the speculative parallelization overhead resulting from inter-thread load imbalance, we propose a novel method to balance the inter-thread load. In this method, we firstly determine a method by which to unroll the loops. Then, we introduce cluster method to search the solution space of speculative threads and finally get the optimal solution. The experimental results show that, the proposed method can effectively reduce the inter-thread load imbalance; and the load imbalance overhead can be effectively reduced by 43.7%. And we can gain 8.8% performance improvement on Olden benchmark suits.
A 4-legged mobile robot control to observe a human behavior

Describes a 4-legged walking robot that is navigated by human gesture. The navigation process is composed of two phases. The first is a human following phase. To follow a human, the robot tracks a human head by a visual tracking system. The latter phase is the recognition of human gestures. To achieve reliable and real-time recognition of the human gesture, we focus on such gestures expressed by cyclically repeated motion of the hands. We show how these gestures are recognized successfully to control the 4 legged robot.
Ontology-Driven Tour-Planning Systems: A Conceptual Framework

This paper presents a two-level conceptual framework and a two-level ontology-mapping approach for ontology-driven on-line tour planning. The conceptual framework includes an abstract level and a representation level. The abstract level identifies two types of participants (a traveler and travel information providers), two types of information (internal and external information), and two types of processes (implicit and explicit process). Subsequently, at the representation level, the two types of participants are represented as two types of agents, the Internet agent for the traveler and the Internet agent for the travel-information providers, along with information and processes associated with them through an agent-based design. Corresponding to the two types of participants, two ontologies (ontology for the traveler and ontology for the travel-information providers) are used to represent their perspectives. The two ontologies are mapped at two levels: conceptual mapping and property-value match. Conceptual mapping uses formal concept analysis to identify equivalent or overlapping concepts between the two ontologies. Subsequently, the property values of mapped concepts are evaluated in order to create a tour plan that matches a traveler's preferences with the information provided at tourism websites. A hypothetical case study is used to illustrate the conceptual framework and ontology-mapping approach.
QMap : an RDF-based queryable world map

In its current state, the Web contains a lot of information which has the potential to be used by other applications, thus addressing different aims than the ones originally intended. In this paper we present QMap, an application that supports the repurposing of existing Web content from originally non-queryable and/or low-level machine-interpretable data. The system architecture provides for the means of extracting the relevant data, querying it based on user interests, and visualizing the results in a user appealing manner. We illustrate the functionally of QMap by employing economic data about countries, data that we extract from the CIA World Factbook Web page. The extracted data is then represented in RDF. Based hereon, the user is able to pose SPARQL-based queries on the extracted data and visualize the results using Google Maps. The generated thematic maps provide intuitive means for performing economic analysis on the targeted countries.
THE CARTOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF TELIDON

Telidon is an advanced videotext developed by the Department of Communications and first released in 1978. This paper discusses the potential of Telidon as a means of displaying maps. Initial research with maps on Telidon has shown that there are two main problems: input to the system and design for the new medium. The paper discusses both issues. Map design research must concentrate on responding to the challenge of 1. effective cartographic communication and 2. design for television utilizing the alphageometric properties of Telidon. Research completed so far clearly demonstrates that although we can interface computer mapping programs with Telidon, it is not satisfactory to display existing digital maps without modification and, in some cases, total re-design. A number of specific sub-problems such as colour, text, animation and sequencing are discussed. Telidon can be an important means of delivering geographic information in map form directly to Canadian homes. Telidon est un systeme de teletexte mis.
Near Duplicated Text Detection Based on MapReduce

As the emerging date intensive applications have received more and more attentions from researchers, its a severe challenge for near duplicated text detection for large scale data. This paper presents an algorithm based on MapReduce and ontology for near duplicated text detection via computing pair document similarity in large scale document collections. We mapping the words in the document to the synonym and then calculate the similarity between them. MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a map function that processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key /value pairs, and a reduce function that merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key. In large scale test, experimental result demonstrates that this approach outperforms other state of the art solutions. Many advantages such as linear time and accuracy make the algorithm valuable in actual practice.
Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) Spectroscopy as a Tool to Investigate the Coordination Environment of Metal Centers

Abstract The applications of electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy to study paramagnetic metal centers in metalloproteins and bioinorganic complexes are reviewed, with special attention to the novel spectroscopic techniques applied and the structural information obtained. We summarize the physical principles and experimental techniques of ESEEM, the spectral shapes and the methods for their analysis. The physical meaning of the spin Hamiltonian parameters is highlighted in conjunction with their utilization for obtaining structural information.