Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atividade enzimática pancreática de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo enzima ou probiótico

This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of enzyme and/or probiotic supplementation in broiler chicken diet, as well as heat stress on pancreatic enzymes activities at 7, 14, 28 and 42 days of age. The experiment was performed at randon in a subdivided parcel with 6 primary treatments in a factorial schedule 6 x 2 (diets and temperatures), and 4 secondary treatments (age), with 2 repetitions in each treatment. No significant effect (p > 0.05) of treatment was found on the specific enzymes activities, except for amilase activity at 14 days and trypsin at 28 days of life, in which the enzyme addition increased the amilase and trypsin activities. Broiler age affected significantly all studied enzymes, where lipase specific activity decreased and amilase, trypsin and quimotrypsin specific activities increased with broiler chicken age. Ambient temperature (heat) also affected enzimes production according to broiler chicken age, with an increase in lipase activity and reduction in trypsin and amilase.
A quantitative comparison of neck-collar and faecal analysis to determine passerine nestling diet

Two commonly used methods for diet determination, neck-collars (ligatures) and faecal analysis, were compared. Samples were collected from the chicks of three nidicolous species: Dunnock Prunella modularis, Yellowhammer Emberzia citrinella and Whitethroat Sylvia communis. As determined by the two methods, significant differences in diet composition were found for Dunnock and Whitethroat. For faecal samples compared with neck-collar samples, more Coleoptera and fewer Collembola were identified in Dunnock and more Coleoptera and Diptera in Whitethroat. For invertebrate diversity, analysis of faecal samples identified significantly more invertebrate groups in the diet for Whitethroat, while for Dunnock, neck-collars contained the greater diversity. No differences were detected between the two sampling methods for Yellowhammer in respect of either invertebrate groups or diversity. The relative value of these two methods is discussed.
Genetic differentiation among populations of Weidemeyer's admiral butterfly

I assessed the genetic differentiation of populations of Weidemeyer's admiral butterfly (Limenitis weidemeyerii) in central and eastern Colorado by using starch-gel electrophoresis. Wright's F-statistics indicated that there was significant differentiation, both within and between years, among the same populations analyzed for 2 successive years, and among populations, even those in close geographic proximity. Consequently, no correlation was found between the genetic identities and geographic distances between pairs of populations. To explain the genetic structure of populations, I estimated patterns of movement and effective sizes of populations. I assessed movement of individuals by using mark–recapture techniques, which indicated that travel over the season for both sexes was negligible (range 0–2850 m, mean 166 m). I estimated effective population sizes by using Pollak's methods, and as would be expected for populations with territorial social systems, effective sizes were small (ranging from 17 to 1.
The genetic make-up of the European landraces of the common bean

Here, we present a brief overview of the main studies conducted on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Europe and other countries outside its centres of origin. We focus on the proportions of the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, and on the inter-gene pool hybridization events. In Europe, for chloroplast microsatellites, 67% of European germplasm is of Andean origin. Within Europe, interesting trends have been seen; indeed, the majority of the Andean type is found in the three macro-areas of the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and central-northern Europe, while, in eastern and south-eastern Europe, the proportion of the Mesoamerican type increased. On a local scale, the contribution of the Mesoamerican type is always low. On other continents, various situations are seen using different markers: in China and Brazil, the Mesoamerican gene pool prevails, while in an African sample, overall, both gene pools are equally represented, with differences in individual countries. The frequency of European bean genotypes deriving from at least one hybridization event was 44% with an uneven distribution. Interestingly, hybrids tend to have intermediate seed size in comparison with ‘pure’ Andean or Mesoamerican types. On other continents, very few hybrids are found, probably because of the different marker systems used.
Desempenho de ovinos terminados em confinamento com resíduo desidratado de vitivinícolas associado a diferentes fontes energéticas

The effect of combining diets residues from grapewine industries with different energy sources on consumption, daily weight gain and feed conversion of sheep in feedlot termination were evaluated. Eighteen seven-month old male sheep, non-defined breed, were used, weighted initialy 23.0kg, distributed in randomized blocks with three treatments and six repetitions. The experimental period consisted of 63 days, being the diets composed of 50% of grapewine industry residue and 50% of energy concentrate: ground corn grain (Zea mays) (T1), cassava chips (Manihot esculenta) enriched with 1.8% of urea (T2) and fodder cactus dried meal (Opuntia ficus) enriched with 1.1% of urea (T3). Intakes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total carbohydrate (TCHO) were evaluated, as well as daily and total weight gains and feed conversion. Respectively for the combination of residue and ground corn grain, for cassava chips and for fodder cactus dried meal, intakes of MS, PB and CHOT were 1085, 906 and 1508g dia-1; 129, 139 and 220g dia-1; 846, 691 and 1157g day-1; average daily weight gains were 117g, 71g and 132g; feed conversions were 9.50, 13.28 and 11.30. Daily averages of live weight gains obtained by sheep during the fattening period showed a good forage potential of the residues of grapewine industries combined with different energetic sources.
Opportunities for Improving the Environmental Profile of Silk Cocoon Production under Brazilian Conditions

Brazilian silk production is amongst the five largest in the world. Nonetheless, there is no life cycle assessment study on silk cocoon production and its upstream processes, pertaining to the mulberry production (fundamental upstream process for silk production), in the existing literature. The objective of this study was to identify opportunities to improve the environmental profile of mulberry and silk cocoon production under Brazilian conditions. To that end, a life cycle assessment was conducted for the core processes of mulberry and silk cocoon production and upstream processes of raw material production, using the ReCiPe method for life cycle impact assessment using nine impact categories. Overall, the mulberry production showed greater impacts than the cocoon production for the impact categories analyzed. A few opportunities for improving the environmental profile of mulberry and silk cocoon production under Brazilian conditions included replacing the Kraft paper used to cover the rearing beds, replacing the standard tractor used to fetch mulberry leaves, replacing light bulbs, conducting a more sustainable mulberry and cocoon production, and setting a reverse logistics system for plastic and paper packaging waste. Nevertheless, many of these measures are long-term strategies. Besides, many of them need further economic feasibility assessment.
Biology and prey range of Cryptognatha nodiceps (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a potential biological control agent for the coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

Cryptognatha nodiceps Marshall is an important natural enemy used in biological control programmes against Aspidiotus destructor (Signoret), an introduced pest of coconut in many countries. In order to increase our understanding of C. nodiceps, the present study to quantify aspects of the developmental, reproductive and feeding biology under constant environmental conditions (26±2°C, 55–65% RH) was carried out. In addition, methods for culturing the scale and the beetle were developed. The average duration of development was 19.2±0.1 days for males and 19.6±0.2 days for females. Female longevity and lifetime fecundity was 35.6±5.1 days and 141.0±35.6 eggs, respectively. Life table statistics were as follows: reproductive rate, 9.99, intrinsic rate of increase, 0.09, finite rate of increase, 1.1, doubling time, 7.8 days and generation time, 41.1 days. Studies on feeding biology showed that C. nodiceps was oligophagous. The coccinellid fed and reproduced on prey species in two families, Diaspididae and Coccidae. Adults also fed on the coconut whitefly Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis) (Aleyrodidae) but no reproduction occurred on this prey. Aphididae, Psyllidae and Pseudococcidae were not fed upon.
Spatial genetic substructure within natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to investigate the geographic distribution of allozyme genotypes within three natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Results indicate that genetic substructuring within these populations is very weak and the extent differs among populations. These results are in good agreement with those inferred from mating-system studies. Factors such as the species' predominantly outbreeding system, high mortality of selfs and inbreds prior to reproduction, long-distance pollen dispersal, and the absence of strong microhabitat selection may be responsible for the observed weak genetic substructuring. Key words: jack pine, Pinus banksiana, genetic substructure, allozyme, spatial autocorrelation analysis.
Selective Expression of Extracellular Matrix Genes Encoding Type VI Collagen and Laminin by Schwann Cells, Perineurial Cells, and Fibroblasts from Normal Nerve and Neurofibromas a

The tubular perineurium (PN) isolates Schwann cell-axon units from the surrounding tissues and provides homeostasis necessary for nerve function. Perineurium consists of concentric layers of cells covered by exceptionally thick basement membrane. Fibrillar collagen is located between the PN cell layers. To study the expression of extracellular matrix genes by nerve-derived cells, we have recently developed methodology to analyze primary mixed cell cultures consisting of Schwann cells, perineurial cells, and fibroblasts. ’. ’ Each cell type can be identified by its characteristic culture phenotype and the expression of immunocytochemical markem3 Furthermore, we have developed a method for propagation of perineurial cells in pure culture, free from the regulatory effects of Schwann cells or fibrobla~ts? ~ Northern and in situ hybridizations with radioactively labeled cDNAs demonstrated that cultured rat perineurial cells coexpressed the genes for the subunits of basement membrane components, type IV collagen and laminin, as well as for type
Report on the Linnaean shell collection

SUMMARY The molluscan species described by Linnaeus exceed 800 in number, most of them common and widespread; but changing species concepts necessitate a re-evalution of the status of many of them and this cannot be done satisfactorily without reference to the Linnaean shell collection. Since Linnaeus's death, however, that collection has been mishandled and adulterated to such an extent that its value to the systematist has been seriously diminished. It is more than a century since the collecton was studied in its entirety and the publication resulting from that study, Hanley's Ipsa Linnaei Conchylia (1855), is almost unobtainable and, in some respects, is unreliable. A re-appraisal of the Linnaean shells has been, therefore, long overdue. Part I of the present report outlines the history of the collection from its origins up to the twentieth century, reviews past work on it and describes its appearance. The significance of markings on shells and the metal receptacles in which they were placed originally is assessed; and the need for caution when designating types from the collection is emphasized. Part II is devoted to matter ancillary to that in Part I. Copies of the Systerna Naturae once owned by Linnaeus and his son are discussed and the importance of the annotations in them investigated. Some of the books utilized by Linnaeus and cited by him in the Systerna are listed and those in his own library which he annotated are mentioned. His association with Queen Louisa Ulrica and the descriptive account of her shells published in his Museum Ulricae are surveyed briefly. Finally, to help decide the provenance of some of his shells, an annotated list of persons who gave him shells or information on them is appended. The Appendix comprises a list of all the species absent from the collection which were described in the ‘Vermes Testacea’ portion of the Systema Naturae and the ‘Regni Animalis Appendix‘ of the Mantissa Plantarum.
Effects of landscape structure and habitat type on a plant-herbivore-parasitoid community

The effects of local habitat and large-scale landscape factors on species diversity and species interactions were studied using the insect community in stems of the creeping thistle Cirsium arvense. Thistle abundance was higher in fallows than in crop fields and field margins, with fallows providing 67% of thistle abundance within 15 study areas on a landscape scale. Species richness of the herbivores was positively related with thistle abundance, parasitoid species richness was influenced by habitat type and was positively correlated with herbivore species richness. The abundance of herbivores and parasitoids was affected by local factors such as habitat type and host abundance, but also by landscape factors such as the percentage of non-crop area and the isolation of habitats. The infestation rate caused by the agromyzid Melanagromyza aeneoventris was positively related to percent non-crop area, whereas the parasitism rate of this fly increased with increasing habitat diversity on the landscape scale. For these two interactions and for total herbivore abundance, a scale-dependency of the landscape effects was found. The results emphasize that biological diversity and ecological functions within a plant-insect community are not only affected by local habitat factors but also by large-scale landscape characteristics. Hence, to improve future agri-environmental schemes for biodiversity conservation and biological control large-scale landscape effects and their scale-dependency should be considered.
Adição de complexo multienzimático em dietas à base de soja extrusada: valores energéticos e digestibilidade de nutrientes em pintos de corte

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of multienzymatic complex (MC) addition in diets with different types of extruded soybeans on the energy values and nutrient digestibility coefficients for broiler chicks. A total of 288 Avian Farms males broiler chicks averaging eight days old was allotted to a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (under, standard and over processed extruded full fat soybean-based diets with and without MC, in a total of six treatments with eight replicates and six birds per experimental unit. Feces were collected and weighed during five days. It was observed that the MC addition (composed by cellulase, amylase and protease) increased the coefficients of dietary ileal apparent digestibility of DM, CP, GE, and fat by 4.8, 1.3, 4.8, and 6%, respectively. However, under processed extruded full fat soybean-based diets, with MC, increased most the ileal digestibility: 10.7% (DM), 4.2% (CP), 11.4%, (GE), and 17.55% fat. The MC addition increased the ileal digestibilility of NDF, ADF, and hemicelullose at average 10.60, 23.05, and 6.39%, respectively. The birds fed diets with standard processed extruded full fat soybean showed higher values of coefficients of nutrient ileal digestibility and of metabolizable energy than those fed extruded under and over processed full fat soybean-based diet.
Hibernation of Barbastelle (Barbastella Barbastellas) in Šeškinė Bunkers in Vilnius (Lithuania). A Possibe Bat Population Response to Climate change

Between 1997-2000 there was investigated the abundance of barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus) hibernating in Seskinė bunkers in Vilnius. By comparing the results of animal abundance in this hibernation site in 1985 with the most recent results, there was observed the number increase tendency of these bats. Meanwhile, the abundance of other hibernating bat species, Daubenton.s bat (Myotis daubentonii) and brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) was nearly stable over the period of several years. Recently, a new hibernating species, serotine (Eptesicus serotinus) has been observed in this hibernation site. Since barbastelle and serotine found in Lithuania live at the northern edge of the range (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999), this part of the population should be more sensitive to climate changes than that living in the middle of the range.
Correlative, Experimental, and Comparative Evolutionary Approaches in Ecomorphology

This paper discusses questions, pitfalls, and constraints of ecomorphology, and proposes a step-wise approach to its study. Five broad and overlapping questions in ecomorphology are proposed and examples given. The questions address (1) the covariation between environmental factors and form, (2) performance testing in ecomorphology, (3) the optimization of the form-function faculty and constraints on optimization, (4) the ontogeny of ecomorphological relationships, and (5) direction of evolutionary change in ecomorphological relationships. Ecomorphological relationships are clouded by various factors, including (1) improper selection of morphological or ecological characters, (2) differing and/or improper methods of data analysis, (3) restricting the depth or scale of the analysis, either morphologically or ecologically, (4) lack of a proper null hypothesis against which to test ecomorphological relationships, (5) lack of knowledge of the life history of the species, and (6) lack of knowledge of the constraints acting on the ecomorphological relationship. Two general approaches to character selection, a priori and a posteriori, are examined. In either approach, character selection may be inappropriate, resulting in faulty conclusions. Historical (evolutionary) and current constraints that act against ecomorphological relationships are briefly listed. Finally, a practical, hierarchical approach to ecomorphology is put forward. The first step seeks correlations between form and environmental factors. Predictions are generated and tested with field and laboratory experiments to determine the biological role and performance of the form-function faculty and its optimal range. Comparative phyletic analysis of either closely or distantly related organisms may then elucidate parallel and divergent, or convergent evolutionary pathways, respectively.
Biliary lipid secretion during early post‐embryonic development in three fishes of aquacultural interest: Sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., sea bream, Sparus aurata L., and pike‐perch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L)

The mechanism of biliary lipid secretion, which is poorly documented in high vertebrates and unknown in fish, was studied using cytochemistry and electron microscopy during early post-embryonic development in three teleostean species of aquacultural interest: sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. , sea bream, Sparus aurata L. , and pike-perch, Stizostedion luciopera (L). Lipids that could be involved in biliary secretion were found in different parts of the hepatic system. VLDL-like particles were observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and in some Golgi vesicles of hepatocytes. In other vesicles of Golgi areas and in pericanalicular vesicles, lipids appear as finely granular and even homogenous materials. These vesicles present acid phosphatase activity. Lipids are also found in the lumen of bile canaliculi, cholangioles, cystic duct, and bile vesicle. These results suggest involvement of the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the synthesis of biliary lipids that would then be transported by vesicles and secreted in the biliary tract through exocytosis. During ontogenesis, development of the Golgi apparatus in hepatocytes leads to high production of lipid-containing pericanalicular vesicles, at mouth opening. This process decreases in pike-perch and stops in sea bass and sea bream during the following 4 to 5 days. It then resumes and increases in all three species. These results are in agreement with data concerning the development of biliary secretion in mammals. J. Exp. Zool. 277:365–370, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Re-engineering Real-time Intrusion and Burglary Detection using Fuzzy Technique

The alarming rate of burglary and theft across the country, which has drawn societal security concerns, increased individual and government spending in protection of lives and properties, necessitated the urgent need to design and implement an automated building intrusion and theft detection system. In this paper, a burglary and theft detection system using Fuzzy Logic and Short Message Service (SMS) system that will detect intruders and report this crime on a real-time was realized. The design approach combines the acquisition of vibration signal obtained from the burgles/intruder(s) by microcontroller-based accelerometer, intrusion detection logic built on the Fuzzy Inference System installed and configured on a cloud infrastructure with an alerting system which communicates on a real time basis to the appropriate authorities of an intrusion/burglary. This phenomenal innovation and breakthrough in intrusion detection systems will bring about the detection and prosecution of intruders/burglars and thieves in the society – thus reducing the level of crime.
Plant mediated interactions between Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium leguminosarum and arbuscular mycorrhizae on pea

Using undisturbed sandy loam soil cores heavily infested with mycorrhizae, the effects of the antibiotic‐producing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain F113 and its non‐antibiotic derivative Ps. fluorescens F113G22 on nodulation by introduced and indigenous Rhizobium were studied. Furthermore, the effects of the different microbial inocula on the colonization of the pea roots by mycorrhizae were studied. It was found that Ps. fluorescens F113 enhanced nodulation by Rhizobium fourfold, while the nodules produced were much larger and strongly pigmented (pink) compared with those in other treatments. The proportion of roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizae was not significantly affected by the different treatments.