Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO2 Glaciers on the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars

Introduction: A thin unit of CO2 ice, called the south polar residual cap (SPRC), overlies the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) of Mars. This unit, capping a domed-shaped ice deposit, has inspired several studies concerning the glacial-like flow of CO2 ice under martian conditions [1-3]. Furthermore, evidence of moraines at the north pole have led to interpretations that CO2 ice was once prevalent there and that it flowed [4]. However, prior to 2011, no known and present day deposits were thick enough to flow. After 2011 data from the Shallow Radar (SHARAD) instrument on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter were used to determine that massive CO2 deposits are buried beneath the surface of the SPRC [5]. Using geophysical arguments and layer geometry, [5] and then [6 and 7] determined that CO2 ice up to 1000 m thick had been deposited in the spiral depressions of the SPLD before being buried. A total of 16,500 km3 is likely stored there, having been deposited in three distinct periods. This interpretation re-opened the door for the massive CO2 deposits to undergo viscous flow. Laboratory experiments have determined that CO2 ice can be much less viscous than water ice at similar temperatures (150-170 K) [1,2], and therefore it must flow much more readily. More recent experiments have been conducted over a wider range of temperatures and grain sizes, and while the stiffness of CO2 has been refined upward (making it more viscous), the stress exponent is makes dry ice flow much faster than H2O ice on slopes [8]. Thus, the thick CO2 ice deposits are likely to flow when met with slopes. Model Input: We use geometry of the current surface [9] and mapping by the SHARAD instrument [7] to provide geometric inputs that feed the model. Additionally, we use physical constants of CO2 ice (Table 1), including the newly obtained flow law parameters [8], as inputs into a three dimensional glacial model. For our simulations, the surface temperature is locked at ~150 K (the sublimation temperature of CO2 at Mars’ pressure), and a very high friction coefficient was chosen to prevent basal sliding because CO2 glaciers are dry based.
Conditioned pain modulation in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background and aims Elite athletes reportedly have superior pain tolerances, but it is unclear if results extend to conditioned pain modulation (CPM). The aim of our study was to synthesize existing literature in order to determine whether CPM is increased in elite athletes compared to healthy controls. Methods A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for English-language studies that examined CPM in adult elite athlete populations. Results Seven studies were identified; all were of poor to fair methodological quality. There was no overall difference in CPM between elite athletes and controls (Hedges g = 0.37, CI95 −0.03−0.76; p = 0.07). There was heterogeneity between studies, including one that reported significantly less CPM in elite athletes compared to controls. An exploratory meta-regression indicated that a greater number of hours trained per week was associated with higher CPM. Conclusions The overall number and quality of studies was low. Despite nominally favoring higher CPM in elite athletes, aggregate results indicate no significant difference compared to healthy controls. A possible factor explaining the high degree of variability between studies is the number of hours elite athletes spent training. Implications Based on available evidence, athletes do not have remarkable endogenous pain modulation compared to controls. High quality experimental studies are needed to address the effect of hours trained per week on CPM in athletes.
Examining the Antecedents of Brand Engagement of Tourists Based on the Theory of Value Co-Creation

Tourist engagement in marketing activities for destinations has been seen as a new driving force for the sustainable development of such destinations and as an effective way to improve their brand equity. Based on the theory of value co-creation and the theory of consumer-based brand equity for destinations, this paper examines the antecedents of brand engagement and the causal paths among them and compares the estimated values of different paths with brand image, brand awareness, and brand quality as the independent variables; brand value and brand trust as the mediating variables; and brand engagement as the dependent variable, taking Shandong Province as an example. The final results show that brand image, brand awareness, and brand quality are all key antecedents of brand engagement; however, they play different roles. The total effect of brand quality is the largest, the total effect of brand awareness follows, and the total effect of brand image is the smallest. Furthermore, the mediating effect of brand value is larger than the mediating effect of brand trust. The results provide empirical support for promoting the management of brand equity for similar destinations and encouraging tourists to participate in value co-creation activities.
QoS and QoE Aware Routing Protocol for Flying Ad-Hoc Surveillance Networks Using Fuzzy Inference Systems

The Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) networks have often operated in regions that are difficult to reach and have no fixed infrastructure. The use of devices such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) enable aerial networks to be created that are extremely fast, although there are no specific routing protocols for this type of network that can make communication more efficient among these devices. For this reason, this paper sets out a specific routing protocol for FANET networks that is designed for the discovery of routes among UAV devices. Evidence of the benefits of this strategy has been obtained through simulation by the Network Simulator version 2.
A k‐nearest neighbor query method based on trust and location privacy protection

Spatial query is an important supporting technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) and location‐based services (LBS). The k‐nearest neighbor query is widely used for spatial queries. However, user location privacy may be leaked in the query. In addition, some users are malicious or uncooperative. With the objective of overcoming these problems, a k‐nearest neighbor query method based on trust and location privacy protection is proposed. First, we employ a new K‐anonymity method based on cooperation to protect a query user's location privacy. In this method, the query user constructs an anonymous group by introducing a trust mechanism to incentivize cooperation among users. Then, according to the different radii of the selection area set by the query user, agent users with higher reputation values who send query requests for the query user are selected. Finally, the agent users obtain the query results from the LBS server and forward them to the query user, and the query user screens the results according to his or her real location. The experiments show that our method can effectively stimulate users to cooperate, better exclude malicious users, and improve the accuracy of the query results while protecting the privacy of the query user.
The burden of gastric cancer

Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan Correspondence to: Chisato Hamashima, MD, DrMedSc. Health Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-1211, Japan. Email: chamashi@med.teikyo-u.ac. jp. Provenance and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the editorial office, Annals of Translational Medicine. The article did not undergo external peer review. Comment on: Solanki S, Chakinala RC, Haq KF, et al. Inpatient burden of gastric cancer in the United States. Ann Transl Med 2019;7:772.
The importance of education in the context of innovation and competitiveness of nations

There are many studies indicating the relation between innovation and competitiveness, and the importance of education for both. In addition, such issues are on the United Nations agenda for the millennium goals until 2030. There is little research seeking to establish the relations between these three elements. The objective of this study was to investigate the education as a determining factor for a country's competitiveness, and to understand its role in the context of the innovation generation. The research used structural equation modelling and data from 138 countries included in the Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum 2016/2017. The results showed that education is the predecessor of innovation and competitiveness and it comprehends basic education and technical training provided by companies. The study contributes mainly to develop and test education, innovation and competitiveness through a unique integrated structural model.
A Revision of the Campbellian Validity System

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to propose a revision of the well-known Campbellian system for causal research. The revised system, termed the COPS model, applies to both applied and basic research. Five validities are included, where two validities are adopted from the Campbellian system, and the validities are partly hierarchically ordered. Important similarities and differences between the Campbellian system and the COPS model are discussed.
A Study on an Improved Three-Winding Coupled Inductor Based DC/DC Boost Converter with Continuous Input Current

This paper proposes a novel high voltage conversion gain DC/DC boost converter for renewable energy applications and systems. The proposed converter utilizes a three-winding coupled inductor. The presented converter benefits from a unique advantage, as the actual turn ratio of the coupled inductor is decreased in the charging state of the coupled inductor. However, while the inductor is discharging, the actual turn ratio is increased. This feature leads to a very high voltage conversion gain. Furthermore, a passive clamp circuit is employed to recover the leakage current of the coupled inductor. The voltage stresses on the semiconductors are also reduced. In addition, the average current of the primary side of the coupled inductor is zero. This will reduce the total energy stored in the passive elements of the converter. The paper analyzes the Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and the operation principles of the presented converter are thoroughly derived. A 250 W laboratory hardware prototype is prepared to verify the proper operation of the presented converter. The obtained experimental results validate the feasibility of the presented converter.
Regulation, Innovation, and Systems Integration: Evidence from the EU

Energy systems integration (ESI) provides a holistic view of the electricity, gas, and heat sectors, which allows the identification and delivery of system solutions that lead to an overall cost efficiency while granting the reliability of the energy system. In this paper, we search for evidence of investments in ESI in the EU to assess whether policymakers are incentivizing its adoption adequately. To do so, we examine how innovation is being fostered in the energy sector in six EU countries by looking at the incentives provided by each country’s regulatory system. We look for evidence on investments in ESI-enabling technologies or ESI projects. We find a variety of approaches towards incentivizing innovation, which range from regulation-driven to government-driven ones. Preferences for different technologies emerge on a per-country basis. Nevertheless, what appears as most striking is the low level of investments throughout the six countries, both for ESI-enabling technologies and ESI projects. Although ESI’s role in the EU’s green transition has been recognized, there is still a need for technological and policy solutions to foster its adoption.
The Effect of Temperature on Oxygen Capacity of Reptile Blood

Oxygen capacity of reptile blood in vitro is temperature sensitive and is reversibly reduced as much as 40% at the extremes of the temperature range that animals normally encounter. In several species of lizards and snakes, blood oxygen capacity is maximum within the species' activity-temperature range. The correlation coefficient between eccritic temperature and the temperature giving maximum blood oxygen capacity for all species tested was . 79 (P < .01). (When the genera Sceloporus and Uta, which show a different pattern, are omitted from the analysis, the correlation coefficient for the remaining species rises to .92.) This adaptation of the blood is one of the mechanisms that produces maximum oxygen consumption near a species' eccritic temperature. In lizards of the genera Sceloporus and Uta and in turtles the maximum blood oxygen capacity occurs at the bottom of the activity-temperature range and may reflect adaptation of these animals to activity at low temperatures.
Intensity of Bilateral Contacts in Social Network Analysis

The approach presented here introduces the use of directed and weighted graph indicators in order to incorporate the intensity of bilateral contacts. The indicators are tested on a reference email network, and their applicability in explaining the role of each individual in the organization is explored. The results suggest that directional indicators have high explicatory relevance and can add value to conventional Social Network Analysis (SNA) approaches.
Generative Adversarial Networks Based on Collaborative Learning and Attention Mechanism for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Classifying hyperspectral images (HSIs) with limited samples is a challenging issue. The generative adversarial network (GAN) is a promising technique to mitigate the small sample size problem. GAN can generate samples by the competition between a generator and a discriminator. However, it is difficult to generate high-quality samples for HSIs with complex spatial–spectral distribution, which may further degrade the performance of the discriminator. To address this problem, a symmetric convolutional GAN based on collaborative learning and attention mechanism (CA-GAN) is proposed. In CA-GAN, the generator and the discriminator not only compete but also collaborate. The shallow to deep features of real multiclass samples in the discriminator assist the sample generation in the generator. In the generator, a joint spatial–spectral hard attention module is devised by defining a dynamic activation function based on a multi-branch convolutional network. It impels the distribution of generated samples to approximate the distribution of real HSIs both in spectral and spatial dimensions, and it discards misleading and confounding information. In the discriminator, a convolutional LSTM layer is merged to extract spatial contextual features and capture long-term spectral dependencies simultaneously. Finally, the classification performance of the discriminator is improved by enforcing competitive and collaborative learning between the discriminator and generator. Experiments on HSI datasets show that CA-GAN obtains satisfactory classification results compared with advanced methods, especially when the number of training samples is limited.
Influence of ecosystem restoration for red-cockaded woodpeckers on breeding bird and small mammal communities

Shortleaf pine-bluestem (Pinus echinata Mill.- Andropogon spp.) restoration for red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) has been underway for more than 2 decades on the Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas. Restoration efforts consist of modifying stand structure to basal areas similar to presettlement times and reintroduction of fire. This is accomplished through midstory and codominant tree removal (wildlife stand improvement -WSI) and dormant season prescribed fires on a 3-year cycle. Concern has been expressed about the influence of this type of management on non-target species, specifically small mammals and breeding birds. Control stands (no thinning or fire) were characterized by closed canopies and dense midstory with little understory vegetation. WSI-treated stands were characterized by open canopies, little midstory and an increase in herbage production by 3-7 fold depending on whether or not stands had been burned and time since the stands had been burned. Woody cover after WSI followed a predictable increase with additional growing seasons since prescribed fire. Total community abundance, species richness, and diversity of small mammal and breeding bird communities were dramatically increased by restoration. No small mammal species were adversely affected by restoration treatments. Pine-grassland obligate songbirds increased following WSI and many of these showed significant increases directly attributable to fire. Bird and small mammal habitat associations are also described.
Physics-based dynamic texture analysis and synthesis model using GPU

The texture is a repetition of a particular structure. Textures classified into static texture and dynamic texture. There are two approaches for synthesising dynamic textures: image-based approach and physics-based approach. In the proposed work, the synthesis of different dynamic textures is shown. The physics-based approach is used to synthesise dynamic texture videos. Different mathematical models are proposed which are suitable to give appropriate motion to the dynamic textures. The raw frames are created, and these frames are further used to synthesise the dynamic textures using physics laws and mathematical formulae. The flexibility of each model is demonstrated. The proposed model has less specificity and less computational complexity. The proposed algorithms are implemented on the graphics processing unit to reduce the overall execution time and time complexity. High-quality videos are produced, and the evaluation of every frame assures the quality.
Bayesian data assimilation with Transport Map sampling and PGD model order reduction

The motivation of this work is to address real-time sequential inference of parameters with a full Bayesian formulation. The Transport Maps method allows to determine a coupling between a reference density and the posterior density. Here, the contribution is to use the Proper Generalized Decomposition method (PGD) to reduce the evaluation cost of the multi-parametric numerical model and to speed up the minimization algorithm in the Transport Map method by calculating the models derivatives with reference to the parameters in a straightforward manner with non-analytical models. A numerical example highlights the performance of the method.
Hububat Bazlı Fermente Ürünler ve Fermentasyon İşleminin Sağladığı Avantajlar

Hububat bazli fermente urunler ozellikle Orta Asya, Orta Dogu ve Afrika’da geleneksel yontemlere uygun olarak uretilmektedir. Bu tip urunlerin fermantasyonunda laktik asit bakterileri ve mayalar rol oynamaktadir. Fermantasyon isleminin urune sagladigi pek cok avantaj mevcuttur. Hala geleneksel yontemlere gore spontan ya da bir onceki urunden inokule edilmek suretiyle hazirlanan bu tip urunler icin starter kultur gelistirilmesi urunlerin kalitesinin artmasina yardimci olacaktir.
Distribution des maladies virales dans le vignoble de La Côte (VD)

La vigne est probablement l’espece ligneuse qui abrite le plus grand nombre de virus, qui vivent en parasite a l’interieur de ses cellules. Plus de 60 virus differents ont ete decrits a ce jour sur Vitis vinifera. Les viroses les plus graves nuisent a la vigueur et a la longevite d’un cep et peuvent affecter gravement la quantite et la qualite de la recolte. Les symptomes associes a ces viroses se confondent souvent avec des carences ou d’autres affections et c’est pourquoi il reste difficile et aleatoire de diagnostiquer une maladie virale uniquement sur la base de symptomes visuels. Afin de determiner la presence de certains virus et leur abondance dans le vignoble, Agroscope a entrepris un monitoring en choisissant comme modele le vignoble vaudois de La Cote. Des outils de diagnostic de laboratoire ont ete utilises afin d’evaluer de maniere fiable la prevalence des differents virus dans ce vignoble. En epidemiologie, la prevalence equivaut a la proportion de la population infectee par un pathogene a un moment donne. Chaque virus est designe par un nom officiel en anglais et par l’acronyme qui en resulte. Par exemple, le virus du court-noue est le Grapevine fanleaf virus et son acronyme le GFLV. Differentes viroses de la vigne sont decrites dans l’encadre. Distribution des maladies virales dans le vignoble de La Cote (VD)
Design and Kinematics Analysis of a Continuum Throat Surgery Robot

A cable-driven continuum throat surgery robot is designed in this paper, which is a new type of bionic robot with softness and flexibility. Throat surgery robot in the market has the disadvantage of large-scale wound and discomfort, robot in this can solve these problem. Firstly, the joint of the robot is modularized by simulating the skeleton of the snake, and the modules are connected by spherical joints to simulate the high flexibility of the snake. Secondly, each part of the robot is controlled by three cables to control the bending motion in the pitch and yaw directions. Lastly, the kinematics analysis is carried out by the D-H method, including the mapping of the driving space, joint space and operation space of the joint module. According to the entity we make, it is approved that the robot has the advantages of small structural size, high positioning accuracy, and strong space flexibility for that the structure of the snake robot is integrated with the drive of the continuous robot. It is ideal for transoral throat surgery, and the operation is performed through the natural cavity to ensure the accuracy and safety of the operation, and the postoperative recovery is also faster.
Danos causados por medicamentos: responsabilidade civil do produtor no âmbito da legislação portuguesa

Objetivo: analisar, por um lado, o regime jurídico aplicável em caso de danos causados por medicamentos e, por outro lado, as dificuldades que se erigem com as (in)suficiências desse mesmo regime. Metodologia: foi realizada análise bibliográfica sobre este tema. Resultados: resulta do estudo levado a cabo que, muito embora o regime legal em vigor se revele adequado à generalidade dos produtos, o mesmo já não se pode afirmar o mesmo em relação a alguns aspetos de regime quando em causa esteja um produto-medicamento em relação a alguns aspetos de regime, atentas as suas características próprias e a interação com o corpo humano que de imediato se estabelece. Conclusão: à imagem do que sucedeu em outros ordenamentos jurídicos europeus, poderia equacionar-se legislar especificamente sobre a responsabilidade civil decorrente de danos causados por medicamentos, como é o caso da Alemanha, ou consagrar algumas diferenças de regime quando em causa esteja um medicamento, como sucedeu em Espanha.
The molecular evolution of reproduction in animals: insights from sexual and asexual rotifers

Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date 1 THE MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS: INSIGHTS FROM SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL ROTIFERS by Sara Jeanette Hanson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Genetics in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa