Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fate of Adipocytes after Nonvascularized Fat Grafting: Evidence of Early Death and Replacement of Adipocytes

Background: Clinical outcomes following fat grafting are variable and technique dependent, and it is unknown how the graft is revascularized. The authors recently observed that living and dead adipocytes can be differentiated not with hematoxylin and eosin staining but with immunohistochemistry for perilipin. Methods: The viability of cellular components (adipocytes, adipose stem/stromal/progenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells) in human adipose tissue was evaluated using (1) stored lipoaspirates, (2) cultured cells, and (3) organ-cultured adipose tissue. In addition, the groin fat pad (150 to 200 mg) in mice was transplanted under the scalp, and the graft was stained at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, or 14 days. Results: In vitro studies revealed that adipocytes are most susceptible to death under ischemic conditions, although adipose-derived stromal cells can remain viable for 3 days. The in vivo study indicated that most adipocytes in the graft began to die on day 1, and only some of the adipocytes located within 300 &mgr;m of the tissue edge survived. The number of proliferating cells increased from day 3, and an increase in viable adipocyte area was detected from day 7, suggesting that repair/regeneration of the dead tissue had begun. Conclusions: The authors show convincing evidence of very dynamic remodeling of adipose tissue after nonvascularized grafting. The authors observed three zones from the periphery to the center of the graft: the surviving area (adipocytes survived), the regenerating area (adipocytes died, adipose-derived stromal cells survived, and dead adipocytes were replaced with new ones), and the necrotic area (both adipocytes and adipose-derived stromal cells died).
Up-Regulation of SIRT1 Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Renal Fibrosis

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is emerging as an important factor in the development of organ fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of ER stress may serve as one of the possible therapeutic approaches to renal fibrosis. SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase, has been found to exert beneficial effects in kidney diseases. However, it is largely unknown whether and how SIRT1 suppresses the ER stress. We postulated that upregulation of SIRT1 would suppress the ER stress through induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thioredoxin. Methods: HK-2 tubular cells, experimental mouse models of tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were used. Expression of ER stress-induced protein was measured by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. ER stress was induced by chemical ER stress inducers [TM [,]thapsigargin (TG)] and non-chemical inducers such as angiotensin II, aldosterone, high glucose and albumin. Results: SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) induced SIRT1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HK-2 cells. SRT1720 suppressed the TM- or TG-induced ER stress, as shown by inhibition of TM- or TG-induced upregulation of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78), phosphor-specific eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α and C/EBP homologous protein through HO-1 and thioredoxin, which were abolished by pretreatment with SIRT1 inhibitor (sirtinol). SRT1720 also suppressed the ER stress induced by angiotensin II, aldosterone, high glucose and albumin. In animal studies, treatment with SRT1720 reduced the tubular expression of GRP78 and increased the expression of HO-1 and thioredoxin. SRT1720 also reduced the UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Conclusion: SIRT1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target by reducing ER stress and fibrosis.
Statin‐associated myopathy and its exacerbation with exercise

3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are a common and effective treatment for hypercholesterolemia, with a low overall rate of side‐effects. The most common complication is some degree of skeletal muscle myopathy, ranging from painless serum creatine kinase elevations to rhabdomyolysis. Unfortunately, the likelihood and/or severity of complications increases with the combination of statin treatment and physical activity. The specific pathways that mediate statin‐associated myopathy are unclear, and research directly addressing the exacerbation with exercise is limited. Potential mechanisms include the induction of skeletal muscle fiber apoptosis, alterations in ubiquitin–proteasome pathway activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and terpenoid depletion. In this review we provide an overview of research that specifically addresses the combination of statin‐associated myopathy and physical activity and highlight some deficiencies in the available literature, as well as future directions for this important subset of statin‐associated myopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Function matching-based binary-level software similarity calculation

This paper proposes a method to calculate similarities of software without any source code information. The proposed method can be used for various applications such as detecting the source code theft and copyright infringement, as well as locating updated parts of software including malware. To determine the similarities of software, we used an approach that matches similar functions included in software. Our function-based matching process is composed of two steps. In step 1, the structural information of call graph in binary file is used to match functions, and the matched functions are not processed in step 2 to reduce the number of detailed matching. In step 2, by using instruction mnemonics, N-gram similarity-based matching is performed. Using the structural matching proposed in this paper, about 30% improvement in the matching performance is achieved with the four-tuple matching which also reduces the false positive rate compared to previous studies. Our other experimental results showed that, in comparison to source code-based approaches, our proposed method has only about 3% difference in similarity calculation with real software samples. Therefore, we argue that our proposed method makes a contribution in the field of binary-based software similarity calculation.
Monitoring of biochemical effects of organochlorine pesticides on human health

The present study was designed to analyze organochlorine pesticide residues in the blood samples of the residents of Karachi. Biochemical and hematological parameters were tested thoroughly for changes as a result of organochlorine residues. In the blood samples which were drawn from both genders, organochlorine compounds like α-endosulfan (1.565 mg/kg) and β-endosulfan (1.233 mg/kg) were found in higher quantities and were the most frequently detected compounds. Average concentrations of the detected compounds (mg/kg) were: HCH (0.819); Cyclodienes (2.839); Diphenylaliphatics (0.240). An evident finding was the alteration in enzyme activity in higher residue samples. Levels of GPT, GOT, ALP, Choline-esterase and γ-GT were tested in all samples and observed major shifts in the upper and lower limits in high residue samples as compared with the normal values. Analysis of the blood parameters were carried out thoroughly and checked the levels of TLC, RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Platelets and differential leucocytes (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) but found no distinct changes and hence no convincing relation was observed. Results of the present investigation of OCs in different blood sera indicated that bioconcentration and biomagnification of these chemicals were common phenomena in the population of Karachi city and this may be accountable for a variety of diseases and health hazards.
A low-complexity soft QAM de-mapper based on first-order linear approximation

High-order QAM modulation schemes are recommended in various communication systems. However, soft demodulating a high-order QAM constellation is complicated when applying traditional methods. In this paper, a novel de-mapper is proposed based on the fact that the clipped LLR can also offer sufficient soft-information, meanwhile the theoretical LLR curves are approximately linear in this clipped range. Hence a first-order linear function is designed to approximate the theoretical value. Simulation results and complexity analysis demonstrate that the proposed de-mapper outperforms traditional approaches in terms of BER performance, and also keeps low complexity.
Safety and immunogenicity of a V3 loop synthetic peptide conjugated to purified protein derivative in HIV‐seronegative volunteers

Objectives: To develop a peptide‐based model for a preventive vaccine for HIV‐1 infection. Design: Phase I trial in HIV‐1‐seronegative volunteers. Participants: Adult healthy subjects HIV‐1‐antibody‐seronegative in an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, screened for tuberculin [purified protein derivative (PPD)] reactivity with 2 tuberculin units PPD‐administered intradermally. Interventions: Submicrogram doses of a PPD conjugate with a peptide of the primary neutralizing domain (PND) of HIV‐1MN (PPD‐MN‐PND) were administered intradermally to tuberculin skin‐test‐positive and ‐negative volunteers. Results: Antibodies to the MN‐PND were measured after two immunizations in 10 out of 11 PPD skin‐test‐positive volunteers. After the fourth immunization high‐affinity antibodies were detected, which persisted for over 1 year. High titers of MN‐PND‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA were detected in the serum and saliva of all volunteers tested. Serum antibodies were cross‐reactive with PND peptide from some other HIV‐1 strains but neutralized only the HIV‐1MN prototype. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B7‐restricted MN‐PND‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were also detected. Conclusions: The PPD‐MN‐PND vaccine at submicrogram doses is safe and immunogenic in PPD skin‐test‐positive healthy adult volunteers. Long lasting humoral immune responses in the serum and saliva were possibly accompanied by HLA‐B7‐restricted CTL responses. This is a vaccine prototype that can be rapidly and inexpensively modified to include other peptide epitopes. It is especially suitable for use in a worldwide multibillion Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG)‐primed or tuberculosis‐exposed population at risk for HIV‐1 infection.
Spinal Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

In 1985, the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, and the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy proved to be a new era in the management of cholelithiasis. In his only start, only patients who were good surgical risks, with non acute disease and no prior abdominal surgeries were selected for the procedure. However, as experience was gained, the pool of patients expanded to encompass those who were otherwise candidates for conventional cholecystectomy. To perform the surgery laparoscopically, there is a need to create a space between the abdominal wall and the viscera. If cholecystectomy was performed under anesthesia in high-risk patients, there is no explanation for the procedure to become routine in healthy patients.
Three-dimensional domain swapping in p13suc1 occurs in the unfolded state and is controlled by conserved proline residues

p13suc1 has two native states, a monomer and a domain-swapped dimer. We show that their folding pathways are connected by the denatured state, which introduces a kinetic barrier between monomer and dimer under native conditions. The barrier is lowered under conditions that speed up unfolding, thereby allowing, to our knowledge for the first time, a quantitative dissection of the energetics of domain swapping. The monomer–dimer equilibrium is controlled by two conserved prolines in the hinge loop that connects the exchanging domains. These two residues exploit backbone strain to specifically direct dimer formation while preventing higher-order oligomerization. Thus, the loop acts as a loaded molecular spring that releases tension in the monomer by adopting its alternative conformation in the dimer. There is an excellent correlation between domain swapping and aggregation, suggesting they share a common mechanism. These insights have allowed us to redesign the domain-swapping propensity of suc1 from a fully monomeric to a fully dimeric protein.
An investigation of the impact of speech transcript errors on HMM voices

Toward automatic creation of web-based voice fonts at low cost, automatic speech transcription technology is used to obtain the linguistic features for building HMM-based voices from audio web contents. This paper presents an investigation of the influences of erroneous transcripts on such voices. We simulate varied speech transcript errors by using a large vocabulary automatic speech recognizer (LVASR) to dictate thousands of Japanese utterances from two speakers (a male and a female). A set of experiments is conducted on dozens of HMM voices built upon both dictated and correct transcripts. The results indicate a significant impact of speech transcript errors on the voices. One direct impact is increasing the number of leaf nodes of the decision trees associated with both state duration and F0 but decreasing that with cepstrum in comparison with the reference voices by correct transcripts. The HMM voice quality in mean opinion scores (MOS) is closely related to the word and phone accuracy of speech transcriptions. To achieve fair voice quality with limited training samples, for example, the word and phone accuracy must be higher than 50% and 80%, respectively.
Left ventricular function in coronary artery disease.

Sir, I write concerning the article by Lahiri et al on the "Assessment of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease with the nuclear probe during intervention studies" (1984; 52: 422-30). The data on ejection fraction changes during effort is interesting. There is, however, a problem with the method of determining filling and ejection rates. Ejection and filling rates are calculated by the probe according to the formula:
Description of HPM Generation in Atmospheric Air Using the Laser and Klystron Terminology

It is suggested that the high power microwave (HPM) generation in atmospheric air can be accounted by the concept developed in the design of and the excimer lasers. With this approach, some part of the energy from the high-voltage source is deposited in the high-speed electrons of the corona/spark discharges located in the resonant cavity. The cavity containing 100% reflector/mirror and partially transparent reflector/mirror, is arranged in such a way that RF/microwaves can bounce back and forth through the gain (corona/spark discharge) medium. This electromagnetic (radiation) wave causes the space charge waves in the glow/spark channel plasma. This process enables the bunching of high-speed electrons in the retarding zones of the space charge waves and the transfer of the energy from the corona/spark discharge into the radiation wave. It is believed that the same concept holds in the operation of the klystron, where the electron beam is used to generate the microwaves in the resonant cavities. The experimental results are presented to support these ideas.
L’influence des charges de famille sur les revenus d’activité, selon le genre : le cas des médecins libéraux français

Les femmes representent une part croissante des medecins liberaux francais depuis plusieurs decennies. Quelle que soit la specialite consideree, leurs revenus restent cependant bien inferieurs a ceux des hommes, de l’ordre de 40 %. Cet ecart traduit avant tout une difference de volume d’activite, dans un contexte ou le paiement a l’acte domine les modes de remuneration des professionnels liberaux en France. Mais il masque cependant d’importantes disparites entre medecins. En particulier, l’environnement familial joue un role tres important : cette etude analyse ainsi l’impact de l’arrivee d’enfants dans le menage sur les ecarts de revenus des jeunes medecins liberaux selon leur genre.
The Inappropriateness of Western Economic Power Frameworks of Accounting in Conducting Accounting Research in Emerging Economies: A Review of the Evidence

An improved surface erodible controlled release composition and the manufacturing thereof, for the continuous administration of biologically active proteins or peptide fragments, is described. The biologically active protein is dissolved in water or a suitable solvent, alone or in combination with stabilizing agents. The solution is either lyophilized or spray dried to obtain a free flowing powder. The powder is then sieved to obtain the desired average particle size. The free flowing powder of the protein or the stabilized protein is then incorporated into a biodegradable matrix formed of fatty acid anhydride, fatty acid and/or a salt thereof. Examples using growth hormone and bovine serum albumin demonstrate enhanced release, stability and controlled release properties for the fatty acid anhydride microparticular system.
An overture to basic science aspects of nerve injuries

Does the lack of improvement in surgical treatment of nerve injury despite thousands of years of research disturb you? Do you think that basic science has not really contributed to any advancement in the treatment of nerve injury? Have you contributed? Do you think that new molecular biology knowledge in nerve injury and repair is important? Knowing from basic science that the immature nervous system is more fragile would you agree with the view that to be ‘aggressive’ in surgery of the newborn with a brachial plexus injury could be unscrupulous? As molecular biology of the nervous system has demonstrated that the best conditions for regeneration occur immediately after an injury do you find the approach of postponing surgery until at least 3 months after a closed nerve injury to be ignorant and even negligent? Taking into account the normal occurrence of inhibitory molecules in the uninjured peripheral nerve do you think that functional improvement from end to side nerve repair is a myth? Are the recent attempts to artificially enhance nerve regeneration for instance in synthetical conduits like nature seen ‘through a glass darkly’? Do you agree that new concepts in surgical treatment of nerve injury are timely? Do you have the time?
Constant and variable parts in the Balbiani ring 2 repeat unit and the translation termination region

The large Balbiani rings of the chironomids produce giant internally repeated transcripts that are translated into silk‐like proteins used for protective tubes. We have cloned fragments of the Balbiani ring 2 (BR2) gene of Chironomus pallidivittatus, normally the most prominent BR, for sequencing and restriction analysis. The results indicate a basic, tandemly arranged repeat unit of 198 bp, consisting of an invariant region of 102 bp followed by a variable region of 96 bp, the latter containing short internal tandem repeats. In the coding strand of both regions, there is a tendency to maximize adenine (˜40%) and minimize cytosine + thymidine (32‐33%). Stringency in codon usage and absence of preference for third position nucleotide substitutions between homologous sequences suggest selection at the nucleotide level to be important. Both regions code for peptides rich in basic amino acids, but show distinct differences in other coding properties. The invariant region probably codes for a crystalline domain, and the variable region for a proline‐rich, amorphous domain. One of the clones includes the 3′ end of the translated region. Surrounding and following two stop codons is a sequence of four short palindromes. Furthermore, the first stop codon is part of a sequence reminiscent of a “TATA box”. The possibilities are discussed that this area of the gene might be a target for regulatory molecules controlling translation termination and/or the expression of an overlapping cistron.
A Framework for the Implementation of RFID Systems

There are an increasing number of organizations planning to implement Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems to enhance their competitiveness. Due to the novelty of the technology, many managerial challenges exist in determining and planning for the implementation of such systems. These challenges often lead to wasted efforts and resources, as well as to failed implementations. This paper presents a systematic and holistic RFID implementation framework which has been validated by both users and experts. The framework outlines the important tasks to be performed in each step of the implementation process. To enable practitioners to make informed go/no-go decisions, essential considerations of implementation are also discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the critical success factors for the deployment of such systems are also elaborated.
Redefining needs for better follow-up in urinary tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION G enitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is an uncommon form of tuberculosis, and its prevalence has shown a declining trend. Tuberculous ureteral involvement is a serious problem with possible grave consequence if not detected and treated timely. Therefore, frequent intravenous urographies (IVU) are recommended both during the initial phase when anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT) is started and even after the completion of therapy. There is paucity in recent literature about the real behavior of ureteral involvement with the advent
The average laboratory samples a population of 7,300 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers

Using capture-recapture analysis we estimate the effective size of the active Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) population that a typical laboratory can access to be about 7,300 workers. We also estimate that the time taken for half of the workers to leave the MTurk pool and be replaced is about 7 months. Each laboratory has its own population pool which overlaps, often extensively, with the hundreds of other laboratories using MTurk. Our estimate is based on a sample of 114,460 completed sessions from 33,408 unique participants and 689 sessions across seven laboratories in the US, Europe, and Australia from January 2012 to March 2015.
Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type I (SPINK1) promotes BRL‐3A cell proliferation via p38, ERK, and JNK pathways

Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type I (SPINK1) has the similar spatial structure as epidermal growth factor (EGF); EGF can interact with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to promote proliferation in different cell types. However, whether SPINK1 can interact with EGFR and further regulate the proliferation of hepatocytes in liver regeneration remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of SPINK1 in a rat liver hepatocyte line of BRL‐3A in vitro. The results showed the upregulation of endogenous Spink1 (gene addition) significantly increased not only the cell viability, cell numbers in S and G2/M phase, but also upregulated the genes/proteins expression related to cell proliferation and anti‐apoptosis in BRL‐3A. In contrast, the cell number in G1 phase and the expression of pro‐apoptosis‐related genes/proteins were significantly decreased. The similar results were observed when the cells were treated with exogenous rat recombinant SPINK1. Immunoblotting suggested SPINK1 can interact with EGFR. By Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, the SPINK1 signalling pathway was built; the predicted read outs were validated by qRT‐PCR and western blot; and the results showed that p38, ERK, and JNK pathways‐related genes/proteins were involved in the cell proliferation upon the treatment of endogenous Spink1 and exogenous SPINK1. Collectively, SPINK1 can associate with EGFR to promote the expression of cell proliferation‐related and anti‐apoptosis‐related genes/proteins; inhibit the expression of pro‐apoptosis‐related genes/proteins via p38, ERK, and JNK pathways; and consequently promote the proliferation of BRL‐3A cells. For the first time, we demonstrated that SPINK1 can associate with EGFR to promote the proliferation of BRL‐3A cells via p38, ERK, and JNK pathways. This work has direct implications on the underlying mechanism of SPINK1 in regulating hepatocytes proliferation in vivo and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.