Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Antimicrobial Minimal Biofilm Eradication Concentration and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration in Clinical Isolates in Device Related Infections

Background: Biofilms have been defined as complex microbial assemblages anchored to abiotic or biotic surfaces. This microbial assemblage may harbor single or multiple microbial populations or micro colonies. Biofilms play a pivotal role in device related infections (DRIs). Formation of biofilm on medical devices is a growing problem. Objectives: we aimed to compare between the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of sessile cells of biofilm forming isolates and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of their planktonic counterpart in device related infections. Methodology: This study was conducted on 90 patients divided into three groups according to device associated health care associated infections (DA-HAI). Group I included 30 patients with central line-associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), group II included 30 patients with catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and group III included 30 patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Detection of biofilm formation was done using tissue culture plate and antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm forming bacterial isolates was done by disc diffusion method. MIC and MBEC were done only for biofilm forming isolates. Results: Out of 79\90 bacterial isolates, 23 isolates (29%) were biofilm forming. There was statistically significant difference between MIC and MBEC of vancomycin and levofloxacin tested for gram positive biofilm forming bacterial isolates (p<0.05) and between MIC and MBEC of imipenem and levofloxacin. For both gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli; isolates which were sensitive or intermediately sensitive in the MIC values showed resistance in their MBEC values. Conclusion: The difference between MBEC and MIC was statistically highly significant. Thus, it is recommended to detect MBEC rather than MIC to antimicrobials for treatment of DRIs.
Enhanced Acidic Hydrogen Evolution on TiO2-Doped Gadolinium Electrocatalysts

Gadolinium-doped TiO2 NPs, namely TiO2-Gd1.0 and TiO2-Gd6.0 have been synthesized using two different atomic concentrations of gadolinium(III) nitrate hexahydrate in presence of titanium(IV) tert-butoxide as a titanium precursor and dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. The structure and morphology of these NPs have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The two synthesized TiO2-Gd1.0 and TiO2-Gd6.0 were tested as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an acidic electrolyte (0.5 M H2SO4) based on linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements. LSV data were fitted to Tafel equation and the various electrochemical parameters describing the HER kinetics were evaluated and discussed. Results demonstrate that the kinetics of the HER on the surface of TiO2 NPs significantly enhanced upon doping it with Gd3+, proportionally to the atomic concentration of the Gd3+ cations in the TiO2 NPs.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Important Wild Medicinal Plants of Tehsil Gojra, District Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract Background: Almost every region of the world is stacked with a large number of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are the major source to cure many diseases among the peoples of the world. There are still many areas in the world which have not been explored for its flora. Pakistan is also a rich with variety of flora but still there are some areas which need to be studied. This study was conducted to enlist the wild ethnomedicinally important plant species and traditional medicinal knowledge of Gojra, district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: Field surveys were arranged to enlist the important medicinal plants and traditional knowledge from the local community through questionnaire and group discussion during 2019-2020. Data collected through questionnaire was consist of plant local name, medicinal use, method of use and part used. Results: There were more than 100 plant species including cultivated and wild but only 47 wild plants species were ethnomedicinally important as reported by local respondents that were placed in 20 families. It was noted that leaves had highest percentage (54%) of its use in various prescriptions. Acacia modesta Wall. (Fabaceae) was the most common tree used in teeth pain and gastritis with 0.73 UV (Use Value) and 0.075 RFC (Relative Frequency of Citation) values. Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) showed 0.85 UV and 0.088 RFC values and was used to cure fever, asthma and cough. For stomach, gastric and urinary disorders, Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) was used with 0.78 UV and 0.156 RFC values. Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) has much importance in summer season as it is commonly used to reduce thirst in hot weather conditions. Its UV was 0.74 and RFC was 0.132. Leaves, fruits and barks of Dalbergia sissoo DC. (Fabaceae) was used to control nosebleed, gonorrhoea, stop vomiting and skin disorder. It has 0.72 UV and 0.075 RFC values. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) was used to treat common cold, respiratory infections and asthma. Its leaves were used to provide steam to the asthma patients. It showed 0.76 UV and 0.08 RFC values. Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) was a common weed in the area with 0.74 UV and 0.19 RFC values. Its seeds and leaves were useful to treat rheumatic pain, joint pain and constipation. Acacia modesta showed the highest Fidelity Level (FL) value that was 87% and used in teeth and gastric problems. Conclusions: It was concluded that there are many useful wild plants in Tehsil Gojra, district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan that are used in traditional medicines to cure many diseases. These plants also showed pharmacological importance that can be utilized to develop medicines. Keywords : Gojra, ethnobotany, flora, survey
Investigating the physiological role of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in embryonic stem cells

Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) are highly similar proteins (83% identical) that form the core catalytic components of corepressor complexes that modulate gene expression. Germline deletion of Hdac1 in mice results in early embryonic lethality and conditional deletion of Hdac1 but not Hdac2 causes precocious differentiation in ES cells. Therefore to further investigate the role of HDAC1/2 during the early embryogenesis, we have generated a compound conditional knockout ES cell line Hdac1; Hdac2 in which HDAC1/2 activity is reduced but not entirley lost. Hdac1; Hdac2 cells have a significant reduction in total deacetylase activity and disruption of corepressor complex integrity.The prolifration capicity of Hdac1; Hdac2 cells is not inhibited, however, upon differentiation they were predisposed to toward the cardiomyocyte lineage. In most cell types, deletion of both Hdac1 and Hdac2 is required to produce a phenotype, suggesting their activity is redundant. To circumvent this functional redundancy, we generated a double conditional knockout (DKO) cells in which both Hdac1 and Hdac2 can be inactivated simultaneously. Loss of HDAC1/2 results in a 60% reduction in total HDAC activity and a loss of cell viability, which is associated with increased abnormal mitotic spindle, chromatin bridges and miconuclei, suggesting that HDAC1/2 are necessary for accurate chromosome segregation. Transcriptome analysis reveals 1,708 differentially expressed genes in DKO cells including a reduction in the expression of the ES cells core pluripotent factors. HDAC1/2 activity can be regulated in vitro through the binding of inositol tetraphosphate (IP4). By rescuing the viability of DKO cells using wt and mutant forms of HDAC1, we demonstrated that mutations that abolish IP4 binding reduce the activity of HDAC1/2 in vivo. We have also shown that treatment of DKO ES cells with RA results in reduces induction of HOX genes, suggesting a positive role of HDAC1/2 in gene activation as well as gene repression.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Presenting as Transient Vessel Wall Enhancement on Contrast-Enhanced Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Images: A Case Report and Literature Review

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical and radiological syndrome with primary features that include hyperacute onset of severe headache and segmental vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries, which resolve within 3 months. Vessel wall enhancement has been reported in some cases of RCVS; however, its pathophysiological and diagnostic implications remain unclear. We review a case of RCVS in a patient with transient vessel wall enhancement on contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, focusing on the pathophysiological and diagnostic implications.
A narrative review of salvage therapy in small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer, responsible for a disproportionate number of lung cancer deaths. Most patients present with advanced disease, where systemic therapy is the primary treatment. While SCLC is initially sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy, responses are transient and upon relapse, SCLC is relatively refractory to therapy. The addition of immunotherapy to front-line treatment for SCLC has improved survival, but most patients will still have relapse of their disease and at that time, options are limited. Retreatment with platinum based chemotherapy remains a viable option for patients who have had a longer chemotherapy free interval. Topotecan and lurbinectedin are both cytotoxic agents that are approved in the second line setting as monotherapy. While both agents are active, outcomes remain somewhat modest and are balanced by toxicity. Amrubicin is an agent approved in some parts of the world, but randomized studies failed to demonstrate improvement over standard topotecan. Other cytotoxic agents have been studied that offer comparable efficacy, though data sets are limited. Immunotherapy, specifically nivolumab and pembrolizumab monotherapy, is an approved option as thirdline monotherapy but the impact has been lessened with the integration of checkpoint inhibitors in the firstline setting. An understanding of which other agents have activity in this setting is increasingly relevant for the management of relapsed SCLC.
Session>25624> Vulnerability and Resilience of Livestock Farming Systems Facing Global Changes

As any sector of agriculture, the livestock farming systems are impacted by the different components of the global change along the last decades. The change has always made part of the factors which lead the breeders strategies, especially the mobility and savings. However, may be it has never been so important and diversified in such a short time. Moreover, the combination of different factors of changes increases the complexity of the processes and therefore the responses in terms of practices and policies.
The effect of different visual stimuli on reaction times: a performance comparison of young and middle-aged people

[Purpose] Here, we evaluated the reaction times of young and middle-aged people in different tasks. [Participants and Methods] The study included 23 young and 28 middle-aged volunteers. Their reaction times were measured in three tasks featuring different symbols (arrow and figure symbols) and spatial attributes (left, right, and ipsilateral choices). [Results] No significant inter-group differences in the reaction times were found for the simple reaction time task. In the choice reaction time and go/no-go reaction time tasks, the middle-aged participants demonstrated significantly slower reaction times. When the correct response was congruous with the direction of an arrow stimulus, the reaction times were shortened significantly among the middle-aged participants. In the go/no-go reaction time task, the reactions were delayed due to an inhibition of responses to upcoming stimuli. [Conclusion] The slower reaction time of the middle-aged participants in the choice reaction time task suggested that their responses were guided by the arrow stimulus to a greater extent compared to that of the younger participants. In the go/no-go reaction time task, the reaction times may have been slower in middle-aged participants because of a non-response possibility, which meant that participants had to first check the stimulus before deciding whether to respond.
Determinants of the Justification of Tax Evasion

The classical Allingham-Sandmo-Yitzhaki model explains tax evasion behavior based on the probability of being discovered, the amount of the fine imposed and the level of risk aversion. Nonetheless, empirical studies show that the decision and the level of tax evasion depends also on non economic considerations, usually named as the "psychological costs" associated to tax evasion. We build a theoretical model of tax evasion including non monetary considerations. We propose an empirical study on the determinants of the psychological costs of tax evasion, based on the theoretical taxonomy proposed by Lagares (HPE 1994). Data come from a questionnaire filled by 781 university students. The dependent variable is the percentage of students considering acceptable to evade taxes. Using a binomial logit model we find that the justification of tax evasion is statistically related with: the presence of grievance in absolute terms (those who feel that taxes are too high; waste of public funds), grievances in relative terms (the suspected level of tax evasion by others, those accepting black economy labor), the sense of duty (having had a drink in a bar without having paid for it, buying pirated CDs) and the level of solidarity (people having made donations to ONGs, disposition to help other to solve academic doubts).
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of COIgene in some indigenous chicken breeds

The COⅠgene in seven indigenous chicken breeds was amplified using PCR and sequencing.The sequences were analyzed to explore utility as DNA Barcoding for identifying these chicken breeds.The study re-vealed that there were 24 polymophic sites and 13 haplotypes in the COⅠgene,of which,11 were special to seven chicken breeds.The special sites were found in each chicken breed which was the bases to identify chicken breeds.Kimura 2-parameter distance between the 7 chicken breeds was 0.001 81-0.008 48.DNA taxonomy is consistent with morphological taxonomy among the seven chicken breeds.The phylogenetic relationships of the breeds can be well resolved by COⅠ gene sequences.
Ecophysiology of tropical dry evergreen forest, Thailand : measured and modelled stomatal conductance of Hopea ferrea, a dominant canopy emergent

The diurnal variation in leaf stomatal conductance of three canopy emergent trees (Hopea ferrea) was measured over a 6-week period during the wet season in tropical dry evergreen dipterocarp forest, Sakaerat, Thailand, along with micrometeorological variables. Measured maximum stomatal conductances g were between 510 and 343 mmol m-2 s -1 for the three sampled trees. Diurnal variations of g were primarily controlled by incident radiation and soil water potential for the range of temperatures observed. During the measuring period, mean soil water potential ψ s varied between - 0.1 and - 2.9 Mpa. A multiplicative model was used to estimate the stomatal conductance from measurements of solar radiation I, temperature T, vapour pressure deficit D and soil water potential ψ s . Non-linear optimization of the g functions for I, T, D and ψ s of the pooled normalized tree data set explained 84% of the variance (n = 332, P > 0.0001), with I and ψ s exerting the greatest effect on g. Optimization of the g functions for the individual trees' data sets gave r 2 values from 0.9-0.8. The optimized value of ψ s that reduces g by 50% was found to be -1.2 (± 0.07) MPa. The optimized response to D is small and negative. The model can be used to predict the effects of changes in I, T, D and ψ s on the g of tropical dry forests.
Alkaloid and Huperzine A-Producing Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Huperzia serrata

OBJECTIVE To screen endophytic fungal strains isolated from Huperzia serrata.which can produce alkaloid and huperzine A.METHODS Fourteen endophytic fungal strains were obtained from H.serrata. Alkaloid production was assayed with acid dye colorimetry.Then,the crude extracts of alkaloid-producing fungal strains were analyzed by HPLC for the presence of huperzine A(HupA). Identification of endophytic fungi producing HupA was based on morphology and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence analysis.RESULTS Eight alkaloid-producing endophytic fungal strains were determined based on acid dye colorimetry,among which.strain SY-02 generated HupA in vitro.Morphology and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence analysis showed that strain SY-02 was a Xylarialern species.CONCLUSION A high percentage of fungal strains isolated from H.serrata have alkaloid-producing potentials.It is the first report that Xylarialern species produced huperzine A. ,The screening of endophytic fungi producing huperzine A based on alkaloid-producing potential,activity and structure identification is more directive.
Numerical taxonomic study of Citrus L. and Fortunella swingle using morphological characters. Application of multivariate analysis.

Forty two morphological characters of 30 Citrus and 5 Fortunella species and clones, including original species in Japan, were computed by four multivariate techniques: Q-mode cluster analysis, Q-mode cluster analysis based on R-mode principal component analysis, nonlinear mapping algolithm (NLMA) and quantas type 3 analysis. NLMA couldn′t show a good result for theoretical reasons, but the other methods gave interesting information.We also considered that citron, mandarin and pummelo may, hypothetically, have originally been species of Citrus, because they surrounded other Citrus plants in quantas type 3 analysis. Grapefruit and ‘Hassaku’ were closely related to pummelo in our calculations. Mandarins were divided into two groups: one included satsuma mandarin and ‘Keraji’, and another included mediterranean mandarin, ‘Ponkan’, ‘Dancy’tangerin, ‘Clementine’, ‘Kisyu’ and ‘Tachibana’. ‘Natsudaidai’, ‘Kikudaidai’, ‘Iyo’, ‘Hyuganatsu’ and ‘Kabusu’ were more nearly related to sweet orange than to mandarin. Rangpur lime came between mandarin and Rough lemon. ‘Bergamot’ was far to ‘Mexican’ lime. Calamondin lay between Fortunella species and mandarin. Mame kumquat must be a unique kumquat in Fortunella species.
D ec 2 01 6 Scattering and momentum space entanglement

Recently, some insight into the structure of interacting quantum field theories, and in particular conformal field theories [1] has been gathered by studying quantum information theoretic issues such as the entanglement entropy of degrees of freedom residing in different regions of coordinate space. One interesting offshoot of this set of ideas is the notion of entanglement entropy in momentum space. From one point of view, there would seem to be some natural questions to address. The separation of the degrees of freedom in a quantum field theory according to the distance scale is a well known ingredient of the Wilson approach to the renormalization group where one might wonder whether, even after the construction of effective field theory describing physics at a given distance scale, subtle quantum effects could still correlate physics at that scale with physics at other far disparate scales [2]. On the other hand, interacting quantum field theory is not local in momentum space and the precise meaning of the degrees of freedom residing in a region of momentum space is a subtle question. For example, there exist computations of the entanglement of momentum space regions in weakly coupled field theory using perturbation theory and the interaction picture [2][3]. Those compute the entanglement of interaction picture degrees of freedom. The interaction picture fields evolve in time as free fields, but the quantum field theory vacuum is a nontrivial correlated state of those free fields and the correlations include quantum entanglement. However, we could as well consider a different representation of the field theory degrees of freedom, say the Lehman-Symanzik-Zimmerman (LSZ) inor out-fields. They are distinguished by the fact that their states diagonalize the Hamiltonian. However, because the inor out-fields are free fields and their vacuum coincides with the interacting quantum field theory vacuum, the entanglement entropy between particle momenta is identical to that in free field theory.
A Content Analysis of Teen-Favored Celebrities' Posts on Social Networking Sites: Implications for Teen Fame-Valuation

The aspiration of young people for fame – a wide public recognition – has risen in recent years. This fame-valuation is a concern for scholars, educators, and parents as it has been linked with teen self-focused aspirations, narcissism, and materialism. This rise in the value of fame has been linked to two trends: teens' increased attraction to celebrities and their use of social networking sites (SNSs). SNSs have changed the landscape of celebrity media presence compared to traditional media and enable a shift in balance between a professional and personal focus in the celebrity's brand image. Such a balance might have implications for the relationships audiences form with celebrities and, by extension, for adolescent fame-valuation. The current study examines the SNS (Facebook and Instagram) posts of teen-favored celebrities in order to map the characteristics of the messages to which adolescents are heavily exposed, that might reinforce their fascination with fame. The study is based on a content analysis of 1,075 posts by 24 teen-favored local and foreign celebrities in Israel. The study finds that celebrities' SNS posts lack depth in personal self-disclosure and are rather strongly focused on their professional lives – job-related activities, achievements, and self-promotion. Though SNSs present limited gatekeeping restrictions, celebrities choose to present a controlled image of themselves that is unprovocative, as evident in their promoted values, exhibited lifestyle, and physical representation.
Characterization and anti-inflammatory activity effect of exopolysaccharide from Bacillus axarquiensison paw rats carrageenan model

The exopolysaccharide (EPS) was produced by a halophilic bacterial strain isolated from marine sediments, Porto-Elsokhna Beach, Egypt. This isolate has been defined morphologically and physiologically and has been recognized by 16S rDNA as Bacillus axarquiensis NRC G6.This strain was deposited in the Gene Bank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov) under the accession number of KU945823. The EPS produced was fractionated by precipitation and listed the primary fraction as EPSBa3. Through FT-IR and HPLC, further work attempted to elucidate the structural function of EPSBa3. The findings showed that EPSBa3 was an acidic EPS composed of glucuronic: mannose: galacturonic: glucose and xylose, respectively, in a molar ratio of 1:1:3:3:3. The proportion of uronic acid and sulfate was 13.9% and 7% respectively. The estimated median molecular weight (Mw) and molecular number (Mn) were 1.499 X10 and 1.29 X 10g / mol. In rats, the antiinflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide (EPSBa3) was also explored using paw edema induced by carrageenan. EPSBa3 caused important anti-inflammatory effects on the carrageenan model by 50 mg/kg orally. In catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and GSH content, the EPSBa3 enhanced declines. In addition, the content of nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from carrageenan-induced edema were considerably reduced following therapy with EPSBa3. In addition, the findings showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein expression was decreased after EPSBa3 treatment leading to alleviate paw edema. These findings stated that to avoid inflammatory diseases, EPSBa3 could be utilized as a source of natural products .