Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient molybdenum(VI) modified Zr-MOF catalysts for epoxidation of olefins

Efficient molybdenum(VI) modified Zr-MOF catalysts have been successfully prepared for the epoxidation of olefins. The stable and porous Zr-MOF (UiO-66(NH2)) was modified with salicylaldehyde, pyridine-2-aldehyde, or 2-pyridine chloride by the post-synthesis modification (PSM) method, and then the Mo-based catalyst was loaded by a chelating method. The MOFs not only act as the carriers of the Mo(VI) catalyst, but also improve the contacting ability between the substrate and the active center of the Mo(VI) compound. The high dispersion of the Mo catalyst on Zr-MOF and the big pore size of MOF guarantee sufficient contact between substrate and catalytic active center, thus accelerating the rate of reaction and providing improved catalytic efficiency for the epoxidation of olefins. The obtained Zr-MOF catalyst exhibited high activity for the epoxidation of olefins with 70 wt% tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or 30% H2O2 as the oxygen sources. Furthermore, MoO2(acac)2 loaded Zr-MOF was prepared in the same way, and it also showed good catalytic performance for the epoxidation of olefins.
Determination of Total Flavonoid Levels in Packaged Tea Bags Combination of Dayak Onion and Beet Root with UV Visible Spectrophotometric Method

The utilization of natural resources that contain antioxidants is in high demand by the community to prevent degenerative diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer. Processing of Dayak onion and beet root in the form of herbal tea has great potential to be used as a functional drink because both of these plants contain flavonoids which have antioxidant properties. In 5 tea formulas made by comparing the composition of Dayak onions and beet root, a preference test was conducted on several panelists related to color, aroma and taste and obtained 3 formulas favored by the panelists are formula1, 3 and 4. the purpose of this study was to determine the total flavonoid levels of each of the teabag formulas favored by panelists using the UV Visible spectroprotometry method with a quercetin comparison. From the research conducted obtained linear regression equation data y = 0.0364x + 0.0028 with r = 0.997. Total flavonoid levels for each teabag combination of dayak onion and beet root for formula 1; formula 3; formula 4 is 0.9309%; 0.975% and 1.841%, where the highest total flavonoid content is formula 4, which is 1, 841%.
A Simple and Effective Method for Extraction of High Purity Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste

Shell waste produced by the sea food industry is one of the most important problems contributing significant environmental and health hazards. The most frequent method employed for its disposal is burning which becomes environmentally costly due to low burning capacity of shells. In such a scenario, conversion of Shrimp shell waste to chitosan a commercially valuable product with a myriad of uses, could serve as an effective mode of shell remediation. Chitosan was obtained from shrimp shell waste by deproteination, demineralisation, decolourization and deacetylation processes. It was characterized using FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The physiochemical parameters like moisture content, pH, viscosity, residue on ignition, degree of deacetylation and solubility was also analysed. Results: Crude chitin was collected from shell of Penaeus monodon which was then processed to obtain chitosan. The chitosan yield was found to be 46%. Chitosan obtained had 5% moisture content, pH of 8 and 85% degree of deacetylation. Viscosity was 80cps. Residue on ignition was only 2% and was soluble in 1% acetic acid solution. The FT-IR, SEM and XRD data confirms the structure of chitosan. Conclusion: Biopolymers like chitin and chitosan are important due to their biological and physiochemical properties. These properties offer many potential applications in various fields like environmental protection, agriculture, medicine, pharamaceutics and biotechnology. The current study demonstrated an effective method for extraction of high purity chitosan from shrimp waste. Keywords—Penaeus monodon, chitin, chitosan.
Disordered jammed packings of frictionless spheres

At low volume fraction, disordered arrangements of frictionless spheres are found in unjammed states unable to support applied stresses, while at high volume fraction they are found in jammed states with mechanical strength. Here we show, focusing on the hard sphere zero pressure limit, that the transition between unjammed and jammed states does not occur at a single value of the volume fraction, but in a whole volume fraction range. This result is obtained via the direct numerical construction of disordered jammed states with a volume fraction varying between two limits, 0.636 and 0.646. We identify these limits with the random loose packing volume fraction ϕrlp and the random close packing volume fraction ϕrcp of frictionless spheres, respectively.
Mixtures of rigid and flexible nematogenic polymers

We consider three systems containing rigid and/or flexible main‐chain nematogenic polymers: mixtures of a rigid and a flexible polymer, mixtures of two different rigid polymers, and a system of diblocks of rigid and flexible pieces. The flexible components are modeled as chains with freely rotating bonds, while the rigid components are modeled as rods of negligible thickness. The Landau–de Gennes expansion of the free energy is derived, and the form of the phase diagrams is examined. Conditions for the existence of generic diagrams is given in terms of the Flory–Huggins and Maier–Saupe interaction parameters. The location of the azeotrope in the rigid–rigid mixture is calculated analytically. The nematic–isotropic phase transition in the rigid–flexible diblock (in general, n‐block) copolymer system is also studied. In particular, the change in the transition temperature with the number of monomers in a rigid block is determined.
Carbon Trioxide: Its Production, Infrared Spectrum, and Structure Studied in a Matrix of Solid CO2

Reactions of oxygen atoms with CO2 molecules to give a species identified as CO3 have been observed in three systems: (1) the photolysis of solid CO2 at 77°K with vacuum‐ultraviolet light from a xenon resonance lamp; (2) the photolysis of O3 in a CO2 matrix at 50°—60°K with 2537‐A light from a mercury arc; and (3) the radio‐frequency discharge of CO2 gas followed by trapping of products at 50°—70°K. The infrared spectrum of the species includes absorptions at 568, 593, 972, 1073, 1880, 2045, 3105, and 3922 cm−1. Isotopic studies using CO2 enriched with 18O or 13C show that the molecular formula is CO3 and provide a basis for determining the molecular structure. Frequency assignments and isotopic product‐rule calculations favor a planar C2v molecule in which the carbon atom is bonded to the unique oxygen atom by a strong carbonyl bond and to two equivalent oxygen atoms by weaker bonds. There is presumably covalent bonding between the two equivalent oxygen atoms. In the proposed frequency assignment it is a.
Highly stacked InGaAs quantum dot laser diodes fabricated by ultrahigh‐rate molecular beam epitaxial growth technique

Up to 19 stacks of high-density (∼5 × 1010 cm-2) self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) on a GaAs (001) substrate were fabricated by ultrahigh-rate (1.0 ML/s) solid-source molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) deposition. Using these QDs, stripe laser diodes were designed and fabricated for use in 1.0-μm waveband applications, and their operation at room-temperature was investigated. Laser diodes having a larger number of QDs in the active region exhibited lower threshold current densities. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIETARY OMEGA- FATTY ACIDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SERUM LIPID COMPOSITION IN RATS

Comparitive effects of different dietary omega fatty acids on growth performance and serum lipids composition in rats were investigated using male weaning albino rats (120 rats) fed for two weeks a semipurified diet (basal diet) before being fed the experimental diets. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups of 15 rats each. Each group of rats was fed a single experimental dietary oil or an oils mixture as the sole source of fat for three months. Growth performance; composition of serum lipoprotein; and fatty acids composition of serums of rats were investigated. Results revealed that the growth performance of rats was improved when rats fed on flaxseed oil (FO) high in ( omega- 3) fatty acids followed by corn oil (CO) high in ( omega- 6) fatty acids; oilve oil (OO) high in ( omega- 9) fatty acids; and finally palm oil (PO) high in saturated fatty acids, respectively. Serum lipids of rats fed the dietary PO showed the highest total lipids (TL), while those fed (FO) showed the lowest. Total cholesterol (TC) contents increased as the dietary oils increased in the degree of saturation. Rats fed PO showed the highest TC content. However, data showed no clear differences in TC among rats fed dietary FO; CO; and OO. Nevertheless, they were less than those found with dietary PO. CO was less effective, to some extent, when incoperated with OO than incoperated of FO with OO . Feeding rats on the dietary mixture of FO/CO/OO (1:1:1) further decreased the TC content. High denesity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) showed the same trend as for triglycerides TG and TC. Feeding rats FO showed the highest HDL-C representing 52.57% of the TC content. Dietary PO (saturated), on the other hand, showed the lowest HDL-C representing 13.39% of the TC content. Data revealed that the fatty acids composition of the serum lipids were markedly affected according to the type of dietary oil used. hypertriglyceridemia. Treatment with omega -3 fatty acids appeared to change the lipid profile of individuals with elevated TG to one that may be less atherogenic by changing LDL structure lowering serum CETA; serum TG and VLDL; and increasing serum HDL. Omega -3 fatty acids increases the cholesterol ester (CE) content of HDL in a predictable way and may make the HDL more resistance to the hepatic lipase-mediated conversion to smaller, more dense HDL. Thus in hypertriglyceridemic patients, n -3 fatty acids reduce serum TG concentration and improve other mechanically related lipid risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of different omega-fatty acids on growth performance and serum lipid composition in rats. compared to the all other dietary vegetable oils studied. These results revealed that incorporation of a CO or a FO with OO at a ratio (1:1 v/v) increased the BWG % of rats
Using Diagenetic Processes in Facies Modeling of a Carbonate Reservoir

The construction of a facies model could be employed as a conditional data for any property simulation that results in a more reliable reservoir characterization in further steps. In this study, an Iranian gas reservoir with six wells was studied to determine the 3D reservoir facies model. Fifteen reservoir facies were first detected along one of the wells with detailed core and thin section descriptions. Due to the significant difference between the core and log data resolution, facies were clustered into four major groups regarding the digenetic processes and petrophysical lithofacies properties (permeability and porosity). The lithofacies specification effect on petrophysical properties distribution is usually the only criterion that is considered in conventional simulations. In this article, however, the diagenetic processes, which have a main influence on reservoir properties' variation especially on the permeability and porosity data, have been considered in reservoir facies clustering. After the clustering process, using the available logs and with the help of the neural network, facies distributions along the other five wells were also specified. To generate a 3D facies distribution into reservoir scale, sequential indicator simulation methodology was utilized with reference to the previously generated reservoir zonation from sequence stratigraphy, where acoustic impedance seismic attribute was set as the secondary data. This attribute was produced by the model-based inversion method applied in seismic cubes. Since the diagenetic processes have highly influenced the rock properties of this carbonate reservoir, their effects have been considered as the most important parameters in reservoir facies determination. The ultimate model properly honored each expected sequence cycle properties, such as diagenetic processes and lithofacies.
Influence of Tertiary Phosphanes on the Coordination Configurations and Electrochemical Properties of Iron Hydrogenase Model Complexes: Crystal Structures of [(μ‐S2C3H6)Fe2(CO)6–nLn] (L = PMe2Ph, n = 1, 2; PPh3, P(OEt)3, n = 1)

A series of mono- and disubstituted diiron complexes [(μ-pdt)Fe2(CO)5L] [pdt = 1,3-propanedithiolato; L = PMe3 (2), PMe2Ph (3PPh3 (4), P(OEt)3 (5)] and [(μ-pdt)Fe2(CO)4L2] [L = PMe2Ph (6), PPh3 (7), P(OEt)3 (8)] were prepared as Fe-only hydrogenase-active-site models by controllable CO displacement of [(μ-pdt)Fe2(CO)6] by tertiary phosphanes. The coordination configurations of 3–6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Disubstituted diiron complex 6 features an apical/apical coordination mode, instead of the typical transoid basal/basal configuration. The electrochemistry of 2–6 and 8 was studied by cyclic voltammetry to evaluate the effects of different tertiary phosphane ligands on the redox properties of the iron atoms of model complexes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Optimization of Generalized S-Curve Trajectories for Residual Vibration Suppression and Compliance With Kinematic Bounds

This article proposes a new optimization algorithm that assures the minimum possible duration of generalized S-curve trajectories compliant with kinematic limitations and capable of suppressing residual vibrations when tracked by a resonant plant. Thanks to the possibility of generating such kind of trajectories with a chain of filters, called smoothers, each one characterized by a single parameter, i.e., the duration $T_i$ of its impulse response, the optimization process aims at minimizing the order of the trajectory, and accordingly the number of smoothers in the chain, and leads to rest-to-rest trajectories that, under the given specifications, cannot be made shorter in time. Therefore, the structure of the trajectory is not predetermined but is the outcome of the proposed algorithm together with the optimal parameters defining it. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is proven by applying the designed trajectories to an experimental setup based on a flexible link.
DIELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BST/BZT/BST MULTILAYER

Ba0.6Sr0. 4TiO3 (BST) and Ba0.6Sr0. 4TiO3/Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/Ba0.6Sr0. 4TiO3 (BST/BZT/BST) multilayer (ML) films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on the LaNiO3-coated LaAlO3 substrate. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the two kinds of films could be epitaxially grown in pure single-oriented perovskite phases and atomic force microscopy showed that the grain size of ML films was similar to BST films in size. The dielectric properties of the BST and ML thin films were measured at 10 kHz and 300 K with a parallel-plate capacitor configuration. The results revealed that the dielectric tunability for ML films slightly decreased, while the loss decreased synchronously. The figure-of-merit factor value increases from 17.32 for BST films to 42.14 for ML films under an applied electric field of 300 kV/cm. The leakage current density of the BST thin films at a positive bias field of 300 kV/cm decreases from 3.76 × 10-6 to 1.25 × 10-7 A/cm2 for ML films. This work clearly reveals the highly promising potential of BST/BZT/BST multilayer films compared with BST films for application in tunable microwave devices.
Recyclable ionic liquid tagged Co(salen) catalysts for the oxidation of lignin model compounds

Ionic liquid tagged salen ligands containing two proximal 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium ionic liquid cores form cobalt(III) complexes capable of selectively oxidizing veratryl alcohol, a lignin model compound, to veratraldehyde using air or pure oxygen as the source of oxygen. Entrainment of these catalysts in either 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6], or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bistriflimide, [bmim][NTf2], hydrophobic ionic liquid solvents, results in biphasic reactions when water is used as the second solvent allowing the catalyst/ionic liquid phase to be recycled.
Reactions of Ozone on Ventilation Filters

When supply air passes through a filter, ozone and other oxidants may react with the dust and with the compounds adsorbed on it causing decomposition of ozone and producing oxidation products. These reactions have been studied on nine used supply air filters in the laboratory. Some consumption of ozone was observed in almost all the filters. The changes in the concentrations of individual organic compounds due to penetration through the filter were negligible, except for formaldehyde which was produced. Air velocity in the range of 0.1-0.2 ms−1 and ozone concentration from 20 to 60 ppb did not have an effect on reduction. In field experiments, the reduction in ozone concentrations varied from 8 to 26%; the highest reduction was obtained in a HVAC unit with a three-stage-filtration. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that the highest odour emission was caused by the pre-filter. At elevated ozone concentration, the panelists could not detect any odour differences before and after the filters. Expectedly, the reactions did not change the VOC concentrations appreciably, but the reaction products with low odour threshold concentrations may, nevertheless, have some influence on the odour perception.
Dispersion of Bound Electronic Nonlinear Refraction

A two-band model is used to calculate the scaling and spectrum of the nondegenerate nonlinear absorption Aa(w,; wJ. From this, the bound electronic nonlinear refractive index n2 is obtained using a Kramers-Kronig transformation. We in- clude the effects of two-photon and Raman transitions and the ac Stark shift (virtual band blocking). The theoretical calcu- lation for n, shows excellent agreement with measured values for a five order of magnitude variation in the modulus of n2 in semiconductors and wide-gap optical solids. We also present new measurements of n, in semiconductors using the Z-scan method. The observed change of sign of n2 midway between the two-photon absorption edge and the fundamental absorption edge is also predicted. Thus, we now have a comprehensive the- ory that allows a determination of n2 at wavelengths beneath the band edge, given only the bandgap energy and the linear index of refraction. Such information is useful for a variety of applications including optical limiting, laser-induced damage, and all-optical switching. Some consequences for all-optical switching are discussed, and a wavelength criterion for the ob- servation of switching is derived.
Client readiness for executive coaching in South Africa

i DECLARATION . ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 1. 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.1 1.2 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY.1 1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT.7 1.3. 1 MAIN PROBLEM . 7 1.3. 2 FIRST SUB-PROBLEM . 7 1.3. 3 SECOND SUB-PROBLEM . 7 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.7 1.5 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY.8 1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS.9 1.7 ASSUMPTIONS.10 LITERATURE REVIEW . 11 CHAPTER 2. 2.
Detection of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to potassium dichromate.

The objective of this paper was to analyze the micronuclei (MNs) and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs) frequencies in peripheral blood of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) treated with potassium dichromate via contaminated water. Blood samples were collected from caudal vessels after potassium dichromate 12 mg.L expositions for 24 and 48 hours. The typical micronuclei were not found in control group. 1 In the exposed groups the frequencies were 1.0 ± 1.15 at 24h and 2.43 ± 0.98 at 48h. The nuclear morphological alterations frequencies in control, 24h and 48h were 4.29 ± 4.50, 5.86 ± 3.02 and 11.0 ± 3.74, respectively. The parametric ANOVA showed a very significant difference (p < 0.01) in MNs frequencies between control and 48h groups; also there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two exposition times. In the NAs, there was significant difference only between control and exposed for 48h groups (p < 0.05). Results confirm the potentially adverse effects of potassium dichromate. The demonstrated sensitivity to this ion shows that Oreochromis niloticus can be used to monitor for the acute effects of pollutants on the basis of hexavalent chromium in freshwater ecosystem.
Rapid determination of protein stability and ligand binding by differential scanning fluorimetry of GFP-tagged proteins

The development of differential scanning fluorimetry and the high-throughput capability of Thermofluor have vastly facilitated the screening of crystallization conditions of proteins and large mutant libraries in structural genomics programs, as well as ligands in drug discovery and functional genomics programs. These techniques are limited by their requirement for both highly purified proteins and solvatochromic dyes, fueling the need for more robust technologies that can be used with crude protein samples. Here, we present the development of a new high-throughput technology for the quantitative determination of protein stability and ligand binding by differential scanning fluorimetry of GFP-tagged proteins. This technology is based on the principle that a change in the proximal environment of GFP, such as unfolding and aggregation of the protein of interest, is measurable through its effect on the fluorescence of the fluorophore. Protein stability data was generated for twelve GFP-tagged proteins including monomeric and multimeric, DNA-binding, RNA-binding, proteolytic, heat-shock and metabolic proteins of Escherichia coli, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Staphylococcus aureus, dengue and influenza (H5N1) viruses. The technology is simple, fast and insensitive to variations in sample volumes, and the useful temperature and pH range is 30–80 °C and 5–11 respectively. The system does not require solvatochromic dyes, reducing the risk of interference. The protein samples are simply mixed with the test conditions in a 96-well plate and subjected to a melt-curve protocol using a real-time thermal cycler. The data are obtained within 1–2 h and include unique quality control measures.
The biliary and urinary metabolites of [3H]17α-ethynylestradiol in women

1. The metabolism of 17α-ethynyl[6,7-3H]estradiol (3H-EE2) (50 μg) given orally was studied in two groups of women: (a) six subjects from whom duodenal bile samples were obtained after 4h by endoscopic aspiration; (b) two subjects with bile-duct (T-tube) drainage.2. The first group eliminated 16.6 ± 7.8% (mean ± S.D.) of the dose in urine over 72 h, the second group 28.6% and 27.5%. Biliary excretion by the latter was 41.9% and 28.3% of the dose, respectively, during the first 24 h after dosing.3. The metabolites excreted in bile and urine were largely polar conjugates: 1–12% of the 3H was ether extractable. Approx. 70–90% of urinary and biliary 3H was extractable following β-glucuronidase-arylsulphohydrolase hydrolysis. Both β-glucuronidase and arylsulphates were excreted.4. Unchanged 3H-EE2 was the principal 3H-labelled component of the glucuronide and arylsulphate fractions of bile, and it was a major component of urinary fractions. 2-Hydroxy-EE2 and 2-methoxy-EE2 were identified as conjugated biliary .