Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of cryotherapy on muscle damage in rats subjected to endurance training

Sixty 60‐day‐old Sprague‐Dawley male rats were subjected to exhaustive and non‐exhaustive exercise treatment over a period of 3, 5 and 7 weeks. Moderate exercise consisted of running on the treadmill at 10% grade at 10 m/min for 20 min for 5 days per week, while exhaustive running consisted of running at 10% grade at 15 m/min with an increase of 5 m/min every 5 min for 5 days per week. Half of the exercised rats were subjected to immersion in 4°C water for 5 min after each exercise bout. Histological analyses of the gastrocnemius showed that ultrastructural damage of myofibrils occurred after 5 weeks of exhaustive running and 7 weeks of moderate running. With post‐exercise immersion in 4°C water for 5 min, the occurrence of ultrastructural damage advanced by 2 weeks in both treatments. It was concluded that the application of cryotherapy to the exercise groups was deleterious. Muscle damage occurred earlier in the treatment group and the degree of damage was also more serious over the same time period. This study supports the recommendation that the use of cryotherapy to reduce pain and haematoma formation should be coupled with rest for at least 48 hours.
Communications and relationships: changing with new technologies. An explorative study on a thematic facebook group.

With new technologies, new relational spaces have been configured. Virtual communications, characterized by exchange mediated by virtual devices, have given rise to modern forms of communication, also creating new social contexts. The latest ISTAT survey (2015) shows that web is an important tool for social interaction; for more than half of Internet users (56,1%) it’s mediated from social networks.This work wants to open a reflection about communication and online relationships mediated from facebook groups. In particular, an ethnographic observation of a thematic facebook group has been realized.
Plasma‐induced signatures reveal an extracellular milieu possessing an immunoregulatory bias in treatment‐naive paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

The inflammatory state associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remains incompletely defined. To understand more clearly the extracellular milieu associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we employed a bioassay whereby plasma of treatment naive paediatric IBD patients (n = 22 CD, n = 15 UC) and unrelated healthy controls (uHC, n = 10) were used to induce transcriptional responses in a healthy leucocyte population. After culture, gene expression was measured comprehensively with microarrays and analysed. Relative to uHC, plasma of CD and UC patients induced distinct responses consisting, respectively, of 985 and 895 regulated transcripts [|log2 ratio| ≥ 0·5 (1·4‐fold); false discovery rates (FDR) ≤ 0·01]. The CD:uHC and UC:uHC signatures shared a non‐random, commonly regulated, intersection of 656 transcripts (χ2 = P < 0·001) and were highly correlative [Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0·96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96, 0.97]. Despite sharing common genetic susceptibility loci, the IBD signature correlated negatively with that driven by plasma of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients (Pearson's correlation coefficient = –0·51). Ontological analyses revealed the presence of an immunoregulatory plasma milieu in IBD, as transcripts for cytokines/chemokines, receptors and signalling molecules consistent with immune activation were under‐expressed relative to uHC and T1D plasma. Multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and receptor blockade studies confirmed transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and interleukin (IL)‐10 as contributors to the IBD signature. Analysis of CD patient signatures detected a subset of transcripts associated with responsiveness to 6‐mercaptopurine treatment. Through plasma‐induced signature analysis, we have defined a unique, partially TGF‐β/IL‐10‐dependent immunoregulatory signature associated with IBD that may prove useful in predicting therapeutic responsiveness.
Fibre type distribution and gene expression levels of both succinate dehydrogenase and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α of fibres in the soleus muscle of Zucker diabetic fatty rats

We have reported that a change in muscle fibre type distribution is present in two strains of diabetic rats (Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty and Goto‐Kakizaki rats). In this study, we determined whether the change in soleus muscle fibre type distribution was caused by diabetes, using obese, diabetic (Zucker diabetic fatty, ZDF), obese, non‐diabetic (Zucker fatty, ZF) and non‐diabetic, non‐obese rats (Zucker lean, ZL). Moreover, we investigated whether the gene expression levels of metabolic key molecules, namely the transcriptional factors of metabolic genes, exemplified by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), and the oxidative enzymes in mitochondria, exemplified by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), were changed in type I and II muscle fibres in each type of rat, using the new technique of laser capture microdissection (LCM). Both plasma glucose and glucosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in ZDF than in ZL and ZF rats. A lower percentage of type IIA fibres was observed in the muscles of ZDF rats than in those of ZL and ZF rats. The mRNA expression levels of SDH in type II fibres and of PGC‐1α in type I fibres were significantly lower in ZDF than in ZL and ZF rats as assessed by LCM and real‐time PCR analysis. We have shown, for the first time, that a lower percentage of type IIA fibres was observed in ZDF rats. We have also discovered that the expression levels of the oxidative metabolism‐related genes, PGC‐1α and SDH, decreased in type I and type II fibres, respectively, of ZDF rats.
Implications of basel iii accord adherence on financial distress status of commercial banks in Kenya

The study aimed at examining the relationship between adherence to Basel III accord and financial distress status of commercial banks in Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive research design and the population for this study consisted of all the 43 commercial banks in Kenya. The study used secondary data, which was obtained from the listed companies financial statements from 2013-2014. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data. The study findings established that capital requirements, leverage requirements and liquidity requirements have a positive relationship with financial distress status of commercial banks in Kenya hence the Basel III accord requirements positively influence the financial © Kinyariro, Meeme, Maina & Muriithi Licensed under Creative Common Page 692 distress of commercial banks in Kenya. The study concluded that that the adoption of Basel III influences the financial distress status of commercial banks in Kenya and recommended that commercial banks should develop effective policies to ensure that they implement the Basel III Accord since its implementation would help the banks reduce the probability of financial distress.
Determinants Of The Development Of Inter-Organizational Relations

Nowadays, the cooperation is considered as one of the basic paths of enterprise development. For many entities, it is a chance of improving or increasing competitiveness, for others it is a necessity because the lack of cooperation could cause serious perturbations. However, it is emphasized that the decision to cooperate must be conscious. The effect can be on one hand the benefits, on the other hand there is the possibility of generating losses. Due to the fact that most of the relations between the cooperating companies are antagonistic, it is worth considering the factors that guarantee the effectiveness of cooperation. This paper attempts to identify the key factors that favour and limit the effectiveness of inter-organizational collaboration. The first part of the paper presents theoretical reflections on the essence and nature of cooperation. The second one focuses on the result analysis of a survey on determinants of cooperation conducted during the year 2015 on a sample of 192 entities.
A New Spectral Technique Using Normalized Adjacency Matrices for Graph Matching

Graph matching problem has found many applications in areas as diverse as chemical structure analysis, pattern recognition and bioinformatics. Many works have been reported for matching of specialized types of graphs. A new spectral technique based on eigenvalues and minimum eigenvector of the normalized adjacency matrix of the graphs is proposed in this chapter. The adjacency matrix representation of the graph is combined with the explicit information about the degree of each vertex to generate the normalized adjacency matrix of the graph [Hogben, 2005]. The spectral properties of this matrix and the shortest distance sum from a vertex to other vertices are employed to match graphs and verify graph similarity/ isomorphism. Further the correspondence of the vertices between graphs is established by matching the values in the minimum eigenvectors of the normalized adjacency matrices.
REVIEW OF 12 MONTHS’ TREATMENT WITH L‐DOPA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE, WITH REMARKS ON UNUSUAL SIDE EFFECTS

In a series of 16 Parkinsonian patients receiving L‐dopa over a period of 12 months, statistical analysis showed that most patients, although their condition improved from their pretreatment status, failed to maintain their early level of response. This finding was clinically unexpected and contrasts with the experience of others. Possible sources of error are discounted. Some potentially deceptive or unusual side effects encountered in a larger group of patients are mentioned; these include weight loss, flushing, dyspnoea, dysphagia, restlessness, logorrhœa, akinetic mutism and oropharyngeal dystonias.
Embryonic wound healing by apical contraction and ingression in Xenopus laevis.

We have characterized excisional wounds in the animal cap of early embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis and found that these wounds close accompanied by three distinct processes: (1) the assembly of an actin purse-string in the epithelial cells at the wound margin, (2) contraction and ingression of exposed deep cells, and (3) protrusive activity of epithelial cells at the margin. Microsurgical manipulation allowing fine control over the area and depth of the wound combined with videomicroscopy and confocal analysis enabled us to describe the kinematics and challenge the mechanics of the closing wound. Full closure typically occurs only when the deep, mesenchymal cell-layer of the ectoderm is left intact; in contrast, when deep cells are removed along with the superficial, epithelial cell-layer of the ectoderm, wounds do not close. Actin localizes to the superficial epithelial cell-layer at the wound margin immediately after wounding and forms a contiguous "purse-string" in those cells within 15 min. However, manipulation and closure kinematics of shaped wounds and microsurgical cuts made through the purse-string rule out a major force-generating role for the purse-string. Further analysis of the cell behaviors within the wound show that deep, mesenchymal cells contract their apical surfaces and ingress from the exposed surface. High resolution time-lapse sequences of cells at the leading edge of the wound show that these cells undergo protrusive activity only during the final phases of wound closure as the ectoderm reseals. We propose that assembly of the actin purse-string works to organize and maintain the epithelial sheet at the wound margin, that contraction and ingression of deep cells pulls the wound margins together, and that protrusive activity of epithelial cells at the wound margin reseals the ectoderm and re-establishes tissue integrity during wound healing in the Xenopus embryonic ectoderm.
Test as a key enabler for faster yield ramp-up

The successful introduction of a new IC manufacturing process requires a rapid yield ramp. In-line inspection, parameter evaluation using special tests structures and memory arrays are typically used to debug and diagnose a new process or product. However, not all the failure mechanisms can be anticipated and detected using such test structures and memory blocks. Logic structures have a different and irregular topology, which may lead to different defect sensitivities. Indeed, some of the (spot) defects may not occur in the test structures or memories and may then only be detected at the products final wafer test. Retest, precise electrical fault diagnosis methods and advanced (physical) failure analysis procedures are then needed to localize and characterize these types of failures.
Mss51p promotes mitochondrial Cox1p synthesis and interacts with newly synthesized Cox1p

The post‐transcriptional role of Mss51p in mitochondrial gene expression is of great interest since MSS51 mutations suppress the respiratory defect caused by shy1 mutations. SHY1 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of human SURF1, which when mutated causes a cytochrome oxidase assembly defect. We found that MSS51 is required for expression of the mitochondrial reporter gene ARG8mARG8m when it is inserted at the COX1 locus, but not when it is at COX2 or COX3. Unlike the COX1 mRNA‐specific translational activator PET309, MSS51 has at least two targets in COX1 mRNA. MSS51 acts in the untranslated regions of the COX1 mRNA, since it was required to synthesize Arg8p when ARG8m completely replaced the COX1 codons. MSS51 also acts on a target specified by the COX1 coding region, since it was required to translate either COX1 or COX1:: ARG8m coding sequences from an ectopic COX2 locus. Mss51p was found to interact physically with newly synthesized Cox1p, suggesting that it could coordinate Cox1p synthesis with insertion into the inner membrane or cytochrome oxidase assembly.
Access to medicines versus access to treatment: the case of type 1 diabetes.

In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the issue of access to medicines. The topic burst into the global public spotlight in 2000 when 39 pharmaceutical companies took the South African government to court over its introduction of allegedly unlawful legislation, which gave the minister of health the right to import generic versions of patented drugs and allowed generics to be manufactured locally through compulsory licenses. After this trial, the terms parallel importation, compulsory licensing, intellectual prop-erty, generic drugs and TRIPS (the World Trade Organization’s agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) became part of the vocabulary of many nongovernmental organizations and policy-makers seek-ing to improve access to medicines in the world’s poorest countries.Since then public-health policy debates have largely focused on patents on medicines as the main barrier to patients’ access to treatment. Advocates of this view blame patents for the high prices of essential medicines, putting them out of reach of many people who need them. Much of this controversy has specifically addressed medicines for communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Less attention has been paid to the avail-ability of drugs for noncommunicable diseases, although this group of illnesses including cardiovascular disease, can -cer, chronic lung diseases and diabetes represents the leading causes of death worldwide.
qStill meq: human involvement in management accounting

Accounting is often regarded as a frozen figure. While, most of the accounting steps involve human element, but often being overlooked. In contrast with neoclassical economics assumptions, human behavior is not able to be predicted by a simple mathematical formula. The feeling and emotion often take control of human behaviors. This study follows an interpretive paradigm to interpret various informants' speech to understand how the application of management accounting in the production process Research data was collected through observation, interviews, and documents. They have the discretion to choose what information should be disseminated. Hence, accounting literally represents the affection among preparers and users of accounting management information.
Análisis del aceite como herramienta de mejora del comportamiento de las multiplicadoras de aerogeneradores: Principales problemas detectados a través del lubricante

Dentro del marco actual de las energias renovables, la energia eolica ha cobrado un lugar predominante como motor de cambio en la generacion de energias alternativas no contaminantes. Sin embargo, este rapido incremento ha motivado la aparicion de muchisimos problemas de operacion y rendimiento, asociados fundamentalmente a malas practicas de diseno y mantenimiento.
Early treatment of asthma

The early treatment of asthma was not greatly studied before the 1990s. Subjects included in intervention trials have usually had persistent asthma with a long duration of symptoms. Only a few studies have been done on early intervention. It has also become obvious that eosinophilic airway inflammation is common and does not always significantly affect lung function. If patients do not fulfill the functional criteria for asthma, they may not receive specific diagnosis and effective treatment. I have suggested the term “asthma‐like inflammation” to describe the disorder of such patients. Bronchial obstruction and increased bronchial responsiveness are outcomes of the inflammatory process, and it may be argued that detection of eosinophilic inflammation is always late at the time asthma is diagnosed. The diagnosis of asthma is often severely delayed, a fact which influences the prognosis and efficacy of therapeutic interventions. The benefits of early treatment of symptomatic asthma have been shown, and several international guidelines recommend anti‐inflammatory medication, preferably with inhaled steroids as first‐line treatment to gain control of the disease as fast as possible. Very few studies, however, have addressed the long‐term influence of various therapeutic approaches. Usually, the beneficial effects gradually disappear when treatment is withdrawn. There is no convincing evidence that any of the current pharmacologic therapies can change the natural course of asthma. Nevertheless, inhaled steroids seem to have a disease‐modifying effect if started early enough, and there is a consensus that steroids abolish symptoms, improve lung function, and decrease the need for hospitalization and probably the mortality rate. In future, various combinations of immunologic and pharmacologic treatments may offer more permanent results in asthma therapy.
Study of clinical and etiological profile of community acquired pneumonia in elderly patients

Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly. Despite the advent of potent antimicrobials and effective vaccines, community acquired pneumonia is a common and serious illness. In developing countries like India it is the most common cause of hospital attendance in the geriatric population. Hence, this study was done to study the clinical and etiological profile of community acquired pneumonia in elderly patients. Aim: 1.To study the clinical profile of community acquired pneumonia in elderly patients. 2. To study the etiological profile of community acquired pneumonia in elderly patients. Methods: A total of 50 elderly patients diagnosed to have community acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively from January 2013 to December2014. Patients aged 60 years and above with clinical and radiological features compatible with community acquired pneumonia were included in the study. The diagnosis of a case of community acquired pneumonia was based on British thoracic society guidelines. Result: Mean age was 72.88 ±7.62 years, and 64% of the patients were males. Smoking (56%) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (46%) were the most common predisposing conditions. 36% of the patients had typical pneumonia, 22% had atypical pneumonia, and in 42% of the patients no organism could be isolated. Streptococcus pneumoniae (18%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%), and Legionella pneumophila (8%) were the most common organisms isolated. Lobar pneumonia (72%) was the most common radiological finding. Mortality was 10%. Conclusion: A rational antibiotic guidelines can be made only if studies are done in different parts of the country to know the regional variations in etiology of CAP in elderly.
Redact When Competitors Act -- Examining the Threat of Rivals’ Product Portfolio Modifications

This study investigates whether incumbents are more likely to withhold mandatory disclosures when rivals modify product portfolio to reposition themselves and whether such redactions preserve product market competitiveness. Using a large sample of hand-collected redactions from new material contracts to capture managers’ decision to withhold information, we find that product market instability and product threat from new rivals vary directly with the likelihood of redactions. We also document that incumbent firms are more likely to redact only when they have higher leverage or less cash holding relative to new rivals. This highlights that new entries will likely post the greatest threat when they are more financially capable than incumbent firms. Furthermore, redacting firms experience higher market share growth, greater market power and larger abnormal returns. Interestingly, these product market outcomes are concentrated in research/developmentand license-related information redactions. JEL code: G14 L11 M41 M45
Treatment and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a prospective study of 278 cases.

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is still a serious problem, and the optimal treatment is under debate. Only a few studies concerning treatment are available. METHODS The study population was all patients with a positive blood culture result for S aureus in Copenhagen County, Denmark, from May 1994 through April 1996. Of 278 patients with S aureus bacteremia, 186 were evaluated according to outcome in a prospective, observational follow-up study. The time above the minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated for dicloxacillin sodium for each treatment regimen and evaluated by logistic regression along with other potential risk factors. RESULTS The following variables were statistically associated with death: the presence of an uneradicated focus (odds ratio [OR], 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-21.0); the presence of septic shock (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5-9.1); the total daily dose of penicillinase-stable penicillin less than 4 g (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3-11.1); and age 60 years or older (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3). The following variables were significantly associated with recurrence: the total daily dose of penicillinase-stable penicillin less than 3 g (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.6-10.0) and the presence of a secondary focus (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-7.7). Among 155 patients with observation time longer than duration of treatment, this factor (duration of treatment, <14 days) was significantly related to mortality (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Focus eradication and the dosing of penicillinase-stable penicillin are important to the outcome of S aureus bacteremia. We recommend treatment with at least 1 g of penicillinase-stable penicillins 4 times daily for longer than 14 days.