Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approaches to establish thresholds for major food allergens and for gluten in food.

Catassi et al., 2005b No; analysis is ongoing 33 of 46 adults completed study Not reported 0, 10 or 50 mg gluten/day 3 months Intestinal biopsy, symptoms Not reported Catassi et al., 1993 Yes 20 children (10 each dose level) Commercial crude gliadin 100 mg or 500 mg gliadin/day 4 weeks Intestinal biopsy, symptoms Yes Ciclitera et al., 1984 Yes 1 adult White flour milled from Kolibri strain of wheat 10, 600, and 1000 mg gliadin Intraduodenal infusion over 2 hr period; 3 doses on separate days Intestinal biopsy Yes Ciclitera et al., 1984 Yes 3 adults White flour milled from Kolibri strain of wheat 1000 mg of 4 gliadin subfractions Intraduodenal infusion each subfraction at variable intervals of 3 to 11 days Intestinal biopsy, symptoms Yes Ciclitera et al., 1985 Yes 10 adults Not reported; article states that gluten-free bread usually contains 0.2 to 0.4 mg gliadin/30-g slice 6 slices/day Juvela gluten-free bread; oral 6 weeks Intestinal biopsy,symptoms Yes Montgomery et al, 1988 Yes 12 adults on strict glutenfree diet and 13 adults on low-gluten diet Not reported Gluten-free diet Low-gluten diet (2.5 to 5 gm gluten/day) Gluten-free diet: 6 to 27 months (mean 13 months); Low-gluten diet: 3 to 14 months Intestinal biopsy, symptoms, antigluten Ab Yes, graphs Revised Threshold Report Page 107 of 108 Appendix 5: Evaluation of Gluten Oral Challenge Studies. Study Published Test Population Test Material Dose Level(s) Duration Diagnostic Individual Response Data? Assessment (Biomarker)
In vitro determination of calcium bioavailability of milk, dairy products and infant formulas

In this study, the aim was to determine the in vitro calcium bioavailability of different dairy products and to investigate the effect of dry matter, fat, acidity and calcium content on calcium bioavailability of the products. For this purpose, the dry matter, fat, acidity and calcium content of different kinds of milk, yogurt, cheese and infant formulas were analysed. Then, calcium bioavailability of products was determined by an in vitro method that involves simulating gastrointestinal digestion of the product with pepsin–HCl and pancreatin–biliary salts, and then measuring the fraction of element that dialyses through a membrane of a certain pore size. Each of the product groups was examined statistically and no difference was found among milk, yogurt and infant formula groups in terms of calcium bioavailability. However, there were differences among cheese kinds according to the results of the Duncan test; all cheese kinds were considerably different from each other (P < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that calcium, dry matter, fat content and acidity did not affect the calcium bioavailability (P < 0.05). According to the results of statistical analysis that was applied to all product groups, it was found that the yogurt group was different from the other products and that the acidity affected calcium bioavailability (P < 0.05).
Acoplamento de Expressão Unidimensional de Recarga a Modelos de Elementos Analíticos

Este trabalho diz respeito a aplicacao doMetodo de Elementos Analiticos, desenvolvido originariamente para dominios infinitos, a um problema de escoamento subterrâneo caracterizado em dominio semi-infinito. A aplicacao de Elementos Analiticos a esses dominios exige a utilizacao de metodos auxiliares (por exemplo o metodo de imagens) que, em contra partida, eliminam a necessidade da utilizacao de elementos convencionais para a representacao de efeitos regionais (por exemplo a recarga direta do aq¨uifero) dando assim lugar a utilizacao de expressoes unidimensionais. A modelagem de problemas em meios porosos com essa tecnica reproduz com precisao o campo de escoamento em regioes semi-infinitas.
Bilateral pedunculopontine nuclei strokes presenting as freezing of gait

The penduculopontine nucleus (PPN) has been suggested to play an important role in locomotion, based on animal studies, but its function in humans has not been well defined. Autopsy studies have suggested that PPN pathology correlates with gait dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy but direct clinical evidence is lacking. We report a patient with bilateral PPN infarcts whose dominant clinical feature was freezing of gait, thus providing evidence that PPN is involved in human locomotion and that damage to the PPN may lead to abnormal gait. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
A Flexible Contextualist Account of Epistemic Modals

© 2011 J.L. Dowell O n Kratzer’s canonical account, modal expressions (like ‘might’ and ‘must’) are represented semantically as quantifiers over possibilities. Such expressions are themselves neutral; they make a single contribution to determining the propositions expressed across a wide range of uses. What modulates the modality of the proposition expressed — as bouletic, epistemic, deontic, etc. — is context.1 This ain’t the canon for nothing. Its power lies in its ability to figure in a simple and highly unified explanation of a fairly wide range of language use. Recently, though, the canon’s neat story has come under attack. The challenge cases involve the epistemic use of a modal sentence for which no single resolution of the contextual parameter appears capable of accommodating all our intuitions.2 According to the revisionists, such cases show that the canonical story needs to be amended in some way that makes multiple bodies of information relevant to the assessment of such statements. Here I show how the right canonical, flexibly contextualist account of modals can accommodate the full range of challenge cases. The key will be to extend Kratzer’s formal semantic account with an account of how context selects values for a modal’s parameters. The strategy here is broadly Gricean; on this view, a context must be capable of publicly manifesting a speaker’s parameter-value determining intentions. As we’ll see, all of the challenge cases can be explained in a contextualist-friendly way by appeal to the failure of this publicity constraint on contexts. A curious feature of these cases is that intuitions about them are split; utterances that some speakers regard as fine, others regard as odd. The account I’ll defend provides a single explanation for both phenomena. The puzzles arise and our intuitions about them are split because context is unable to manifest which of two different parameter-value determining intentions a speaker has. Considering cases very like the ones in which the puzzles arise, but involving action explanations, will provide further evidence for this hypothesis;
Research and Experiment on Electromagnetic Force Properties of LPMBLDCLM for Electromagnetic Launch

In order to improve the thrust characteristics of the moving-magnet type linear permanent magnet brushless DC motor (LPMBLDCM), the structural characteristics and magnetic field are analyzed. The influence rule of electrical parameters and structural parameters on the electromagnetic properties and thrust performance are researched by finite element analysis (FEA). The effect regularity of structural parameters to mover velocity and thrust are researched as well as the electrical parameters. The LPMBLDCM system are established, and some relevant tests were taken to verify the correctness of simulation results. Simulation and experimental results show that the thrust and velocity of mover are affected by some key parameter. The results will surely provide the reference and guidance for the optimization of electromagnetic and thrust characteristics of LPMBLDCM.
Emerging therapeutic approaches in renal cell carcinoma

In the past decade, targeted therapy with VEGF and mTOR inhibition has significantly improved the outcome of renal cell carcinoma. However, the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma still remains challenging as most patients eventually progress on targeted therapy, and long-term survivors are still relatively uncommon. There has recently been a resurgence of interest in cancer immunotherapy with the development of checkpoint inhibitors. Here we discuss the best methods to optimize the current standard of care with targeted therapy, and describe select emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies with anti programmed death-1 pathway inhibitors in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Smokers and breast cancer. 'Chemical individuality' and cancer predisposition.

What struck Archibald Garrod as black urine on a baby's diaper led to his book on inborn errors of metabolism (1909), viewed then as a small work on "obscure metabolic abnormalities. " 1,2 More ignored, however, was his idea on disease predisposition and person-to-person variation in biochemical traits, or "chemical individuality" (1931): "[I]n every case of every malady there are two sets of factors at work in the formation of the morbid picture, namely internal or constitutional factors, inherent in the sufferer and usually inherited from his forebears, and external ones which fire the train. " 3 See also p 1494. Therefore, Garrod probably would have been pleased to see the article on N -acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2, or acetylator) enzymes, smoking, and breast cancer by Ambrosone et al 4 in this week's issue ofThe Journal, because it follows his way of thinking about disease predisposition. The article suggests that defective acetylator
Flat Out Unnecessary: Burst Characteristics, Not Duration of Interburst Intervals, Predict Successful Anesthetic Wean in Refractory Status Epilepticus

Commentary Refractory status epilepticus (RSE), defined as failure to respond to firstand second-line treatments, carries considerable risks, with in-hospital mortality surpassing 60% (1). Despite the severity of the condition, the only class I evidence to guide treatment of status epilepticus is the recommendation to use benzodiazepines as first line (2). Typically, antiepileptics, such as fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid follow as second line, yet there is inadequate evidence to guide best practice (3). Intravenous anesthetic therapy is often employed as treatment for RSE with the standard recommendation to achieve burst suppression with interburst intervals of 10 seconds for at least 24 hours before weaning therapy (4). We’ve largely accepted the criteria for adequate burst suppression on faith, as there is essentially no evidence to guide how much suppression is truly needed to achieve favorable outcomes. We know that outcome following RSE is highly related to the underlying etiology, so, to some degree, the ability to improve outcome with burst suppression may be out of our hands (5). Use of anesthetic-induced burst suppression comes with considerable potential adverse effects, which could contribute to morbidity; therefore, any markers that guide how aggressive burst suppression should be pursued will likely improve outcomes in the long run. Johnson et al. evaluated the continuous EEGs of 19 patients with RSE to investigate whether longer durations of interburst intervals increased the likelihood of weaning from anesthetic therapy and whether EEG characteristics of the bursts could predict successful weans. The authors analyzed 10 consecutive bursts and suppression intervals in a representative sample of the EEG 12 hours prior to anesthetic wean, thus a method that could easily be applied in daily practice. They found no benefit to deeper levels of burst suppression (i.e., interburst intervals of 10 seconds or longer), but showed that bursts without monomorphic sharp waves, with amplitudes less than 125 μV, and containing less than 50% epileptiform activity predicted more successful weaning. They further validated their hypothesis by applying these criteria to five additional patients in whom they accurately predicted successful wean in 80% of the attempts. While the cohort was small, the ability to potentially utilize EEG characteristics to accurately predict successful weaning may allow anesthetic burst suppression to be tailored for the patient, instead of simply accepting a dogmatic definition of necessary burst suppression. EEG Characteristics of Successful Burst Suppression for Refractory Status Epilepticus.
Cutting Edge: Drebrin-Regulated Actin Dynamics Regulate IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Activation and Allergic Responses

Mast cells play critical roles in allergic responses. Calcium signaling controls the function of these cells, and a role for actin in regulating calcium influx into cells has been suggested. We have previously identified the actin reorganizing protein Drebrin as a target of the immunosuppressant 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl pyrazole, which inhibits calcium influx into cells. In this study, we show that Drebrin−/− mice exhibit reduced IgE-mediated histamine release and passive systemic anaphylaxis, and Drebrin−/− mast cells also exhibit defects in FcεRI-mediated degranulation. Drebrin−/− mast cells exhibit defects in actin cytoskeleton organization and calcium responses downstream of the FcεRI, and agents that relieve actin reorganization rescue mast cell FcεRI-induced degranulation. Our results indicate that Drebrin regulates the actin cytoskeleton and calcium responses in mast cells, thus regulating mast cell function in vivo.
Infection risk and biologics: current update

Purpose of reviewThe management of inflammatory arthritis has been revolutionized by the use of biologic therapy. However, an important safety issue has been identified with regard to the risk of serious and opportunistic infections with biologic therapy. This review aims to summarize the most recent data available in the field. Recent findingsThe risk of infection in inflammatory arthritis is partly determined by the nature of the underlying disease, comorbidities and other immunosuppressive treatments, in particular glucocorticoids. Data are conflicting with regard to the absolute risk of infection with biologic agents, as a result of differing study methodologies, classification of outcomes and patient populations. There appear to be some differences in risk of infection between biologic agents, which relate to their varying modes of action. SummaryLong-term observational data about the risk of infection and biologic therapy continue to emerge, although there are inherent limitations with this type of data. The process of determining the risk of infection for an individual patient should incorporate a range of factors, which may contribute to the infection risk.
Algunos aspectos sobre el análisis empírico de "credit scoring"

Las cuestiones que planteamos en este trabajo han surgido a partir de un analisis de credit scoring realizado con datos de una entidad financiera espanola. No se incluyen los resultados empiricos obtenidos por razones de confidencialidad. Por tanto, el objetivo del articulo es presentar un tratamiento general y metodologico de este problema. Un problema frecuente en analisis empiricos de "credit scoring" es que las muestras existentes no son aleatorias, sino que resultan de un mecanismo de seleccion. Para corregir el sesgo derivado de la seleccion muestral y obtener consistencia se necesita, en principio, utilizar una muestra censurada (formada por creditos concedidos y denegados) y estimar un modelo bivariante con observabilidad parcial. En este articulo se trata este problema y, ademas, su principal aportacion es presentar un procedimiento para obtener consistencia en el caso mas restrictivo, pero habitual en la practica, en que la muestra disponible esta truncada (formada solamente por creditos concedidos).
Resultats de la tècnica dels microsatèl·lits o SSR aplicada al trepat

L? objectiu d? aquest treball es fer la caracteritzacio de la varietat trepat mitjancant la tecnica dels microsatel·lits (SSR), i a partir del germoplasma de Bodegues Sumarroca, SL. Es tracta, doncs, de fer una exhaustiva revisio de les bases de dades ampelografiques, de la bibliografia i de tota la informacio en linia, i comparar-la amb els resultats obtinguts a partir de l? estudi del genoma (microsatel·lits en aquest cas).
Prevalence of obesity in dogs examined by Australian veterinary practices and the risk factors involved

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of obesity in dogs examined by veterinary practices across Australia, and to determine the risk factors involved; 1700 practices were asked to complete a veterinarian opinion survey, and of the 428 practices that responded, 178 were selected to complete an RSPCA Australia Pet Obesity Questionnaire, together with additional practices selected by Australian State and Territory RSPCA societies. This questionnaire was sent to a total of 209 practices which were asked to record details of eligible dogs, and the reason why they had been examined during the previous month. Fifty-two (24·9 per cent) of the practices responded and provided data on 2661 dogs, of which 892 (33·5 per cent) were overweight and 201 (7·6 per cent) were obese. A further 112 dogs (4·2 per cent) were classified as thin or very thin, but these were excluded from subsequent analyses. Of the remaining 2549 dogs, approximately half were female and 1905 (74·7 per cent) were neutered. The dogs’ weight category was influenced by several factors. Breed influenced the importance of sex and neutering as risk factors. The prevalence of overweight and obese dogs combined was 41 per cent; the prevalence increased with age up to about 10 years old, and then declined. Rural and semirural dogs were more at risk of obesity than urban and suburban dogs.
Efficient Filtering of Graph Based Data Using Graph Partitioning

— An algebraic framework for processing graph signals axiomatically designates the graph adjacency matrix as the shift operator. In this setup, we often encounter a problem wherein we know the ﬁltered output and the ﬁlter coefﬁcients, and need to ﬁnd out the input graph signal. Solution to this problem using direct approach requires O ( N 3 ) operations, where N is the number of vertices in graph. In this paper, we adapt the spectral graph partitioning method for partitioning of graphs and use it to reduce the computational cost of the ﬁltering problem. We use the example of denoising of the temperature data to illustrate the efﬁcacy of the approach.
DJ-1 is an indicator for endogenous reactive oxygen species elicited by endotoxin

We previously found that DJ-1 protein of pI 5.8 (DJ-1/5.8) increased on 2D gels as DJ-1 of pI 6.2 (DJ-1/6.2) decreased, upon exposure of human cells to sublethal levels of oxidative stress, such as H2O2 and paraquat. Here, we show that the DJ-1/5.8 increases concomitantly with endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under endotoxin-induced inflammatory conditions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased the expression of DJ-1/5.8 in murine peritoneal macrophages (MΦ) and a murine macrophage cell line (J774). Diphenylene iodonium, a flavoenzyme inhibitor, blocked the effect of LPS on DJ-1/5.8 expression. Aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of type II nitric oxide synthase, had no effect on the DJ-1/5.8 expression, but suppressed accumulation of nitrite in the culture medium after LPS treatment. We also examined the expression of DJ-1/5.8 in lung, since acute lung injury is seen in endotoxin shock. When female mice (6-weeks old) were intraperitoneally given LPS (10 mg/kg), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, was transiently raised by 3.5 fold. The expression of DJ-1/5.8 in lung was enhanced and then reverted to the control level, in parallel with the MPO activity. These results, taken together, suggest that the DJ-1/5.8 might increase in response to endogenously produced ROS, probably due to activation of NADPH oxidase, and imply that DJ-1 may be useful as an endogenous indicator of oxidative stress status in vivo.
Process-strained Si (PSS) CMOS technology featuring 3D strain engineering

We report the demonstration of a process-strained Si (PSS) CMOS technology using the concept of three-dimensional (3D) strain engineering. Methods of producing PSS include stress engineering of trench isolation, silicide, and cap layer, to improve NMOS and PMOS performance simultaneously. Each of these approaches results in a 5-10% enhancement in the ring oscillator (RO) speed. By taking advantage of preferential 3D strain engineering via one or combining more PSS techniques, CMOS performance can be further improved. PSS is a cost effective technology for meeting CMOS power-performance requirements.
Medical and Neurological Complications During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation

Background and Purpose We sought to assess the type, frequency, and clinical predictors of neuromedical complications occurring during inpatient rehabilitation after stroke. Methods One hundred consecutive patient records were reviewed. All medical and neurological complications requiring a physician's order for further evaluation or treatment were recorded. Results Complications were urinary tract infection (44 cases), depression (33), musculoskeletal pain (31), urinary retention (25), falls (25), fungal dermatitis (24), hypotension (19), diabetes mellitus (16), hypertension (15), and other neuromedical problem (194). The mean$$SD numbers of medical and neurological complications per patient were 3.6 $$ and 0.6$$0.8, respectively. Complications were independently related to both the severity of functional disability as judged by Barthel score (r=-A2, P<.001) and length of rehabilitation hospital stay (r=.54, p<.001). Cardiac complications were predicted by New York Heart Association class 3 or 4 symptomatology on admission (P<.05). The age, sex, interval from stroke to rehabilitation hospital admission, and ischemic versus hemorrhagic etiology of the stroke were unrelated to the number of complications observed. Thirteen patients required transfer back to an acute-care hospital, one of whom died within 24 hours of transfer. There were no deaths on the rehabilitation unit. Conclusions We have denned the type and frequency of neuromedical complications during inpatient rehabilitation after stroke. Their frequency varies with the severity of stroke, cardiovascular comorbidity, and length of stay. (Stroke. 1994;25:358-361.)
Entwurf eines Rahmensystems für mobile Augmented-reality-Anwendungen

Augmented Reality (AR) ist eine eng mit der Virtuellen Realitat (VR) verwandte Technologie. Der Anwender taucht dabei nicht komplett in eine virtuelle, computergenerierte Umgebung ein, sondern verbleibt in seiner realen Umgebung, die mit virtuellen Objekten erweitert wird. Diese virtuellen Objekte werden dabei moglichst passgenau in das Blickfeld des Anwenders eingeblendet. Wichtige klassische Forschungsthemen im Bereich der AR sind das sogenannte Tracking, d.h. die Bestimmung der Blickrichtung des Anwenders, die korrekte Beleuchtung der virtuellen Objekte, sowie Schattenwurf und Verdeckung zwischen realen und virtuellen Objekten. Ein Thema, das in den vergangenen Jahren immer starker in den Vordergrund geruckt ist, ist die Frage nach der Systemarchitektur von AR-Systemen. Mit dieser Fragestellung befast sich die vorliegende Arbeit. Zunachst werden existierende VR- und AR-Systemarchitekturen analysiert. Ausgehend vom existierenden VR-Standard VRML bzw. seinem Nachfolger X3D wird dann untersucht, um welche Bestandteile dieser Standard erweitert werden mus, um auch fur mobile AR-Anwendungen genutzt werden zu konnen. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf dem Geratemanagement, der Kommunikation im Netzwerk und der Entwicklung und dem Debugging mobiler AR-Anwendungen.