Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual-, household- and neighbourhood-level characteristics associated with life satisfaction: A multilevel analysis of a population-based sample from Hong Kong

We examined the relationships between individuals’ life satisfaction and individual-, household- and neighbourhood-level characteristics and evidence for cross-level interactions. We used data on individuals’ life satisfaction and a range of individual- and household-level characteristics from the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (2011) with linkage to neighbourhood-level aggregated data extracted from the 2011 census. The neighbourhood-level variables included the poverty rate and four factors derived from factor analysis based on 21 variables. Multilevel models were used to allow for the hierarchical nature of the data. Most of the variance in life satisfaction could be explained by individual- and household-level characteristics. Neighbourhood-level characteristics accounted for a small proportion (around 5% or less) of the variance. Most of the individual- and household-level characteristics studied were associated with life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was negatively associated with local poverty rate and three neighbourhood factors (deprivation, social fragmentation and ageing). There was evidence of cross-level interactions. For example, the level of life satisfaction decreased with an increasing neighbourhood poverty rate among individuals who did not receive Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), but CSSA recipients had a higher level of life satisfaction in areas with higher poverty rates. The negative effect of neighbourhood poverty on life satisfaction was more marked in individuals who rented or owned their homes than in those who lived in public housing. Our results have implications for urban policies that may improve life satisfaction such as financial and housing support for high risk individuals.
ENERGY COST OF MODERATE‐DURATION RESISTANCE AND AEROBIC EXERCISE

The purpose of this study was to compare energy expenditure of resistance and aerobic exercise matched for total time and relative intensity. Ten trained men (24.3 6 3.8 years) performed 30 minutes of intermittent free-weight squatting at 70% of 1 repetition maximum and continuous cycling at 70% of VO2max, in a crossover design. VO2, kilocalories (kcal), work, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), VE, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) data were recorded. Cycling resulted in greater total VO2 (87 ± 3 vs. 53 ± 3 L, mean ± SEM), kcal expenditure (441 ± 17 vs. 269 ± 13), and work (335 ± 11 vs. 128 ± 11 kJ) than squatting did. The mean RER was greater during squatting (1.03 ± 0.01 vs. 0.94 ± 0.01), and the VE values were greater during cycling (82 ± 3 vs. 70 ± 3 L·min-1). The HR response was nearly identical between exercise modes (160 ± 5 vs. 160 ± 4 bpm), whereas the RPE was greater during squatting (16.96 ± 0.41 vs. 14.88 ± 0.42). These data suggest that although lower than similarly matched aerobic exercise, resistance exercise resulted in an energy cost that would meet the recommendations for kcal expenditure as suggested by the American College of Sports Medicine, if performed 4–5 days per week. These findings should be considered by coaches and trainers working with individuals mutually interested in muscular development and weight management, because programs of structured resistance exercise may assist with both.
Self-Organized Modularization in Evolutionary Algorithms

The principle of modularization has proven to be extremely successful in the field of technical applications and particularly for Software Engineering purposes. The question to be answered within the present article is whether mechanisms can also be identified within the framework of Evolutionary Computation that cause a modularization of solutions. We will concentrate on processes, where modularization results only from the typical evolutionary operators, i.e. selection and variation by recombination and mutation (and not, e.g., from special modularization operators). This is what we call Self-Organized Modularization. Based on a combination of two formalizations by Radcliffe and Altenberg, some quantitative measures of modularity are introduced. Particularly, we distinguish Built-in Modularityas an inherent property of a genotype and Effective Modularity, which depends on the rest of the population. These measures can easily be applied to a wide range of present Evolutionary Computation models. It will be shown, both theoretically and by simulation, that under certain conditions, Effective Modularity (as defined within this paper) can be a selection factor. This causes Self-Organized Modularization to take place. The experimental observations emphasize the importance of Effective Modularityin comparison with Built-in Modularity. Although the experimental results have been obtained using a minimalist toy model, they can lead to a number of consequences for existing models as well as for future approaches. Furthermore, the results suggest a complex self-amplification of highly modular equivalence classes in the case of respected relations. Since the well-known Holland schemata are just the equivalence classes of respected relations in most Simple Genetic Algorithms, this observation emphasizes the role of schemata as Building Blocks (in comparison with arbitrary subsets of the search space).
One‐Footed and Externally Disturbed Two‐Footed Postural Control in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Healthy Control Subjects: A Controlled Study With Follow‐Up

Study Design. A study of postural control during one‐footed and externally disturbed two‐footed stance among healthy control subjects and patients with chronic low back pain at the beginning of a functional back restoration program and 6 months later at follow‐up examination. Objectives. To study postural control cross‐sectionally among control subjects and patients with low back pain, and to evaluate the effects of functional restoration on the postural control parameters in a follow‐up examination. Summary of Background Data. Deficits of motor skills and coordination have been reported in association with musculoskeletal disorders. It has been found that patients with chronic low back pain have impaired psychomotor control, but the impairment is reversible with successful low back rehabilitation. It is insufficiently known how functional activation and intensive physical training affect postural control. Methods. Sixty‐one healthy volunteers (32 men, 29 women) and altogether 99 patients with low back pain participated in the study. Sixty‐eight patients (33 men, 35 women) had moderate and 31 (18 men, 13 women) had severe low back pain. Postural stability was measured with a force platform. In two‐footed stance, vibration stimulation on calf and back muscles was used to disturb the balance. Center point of force‐velocity (cm/sec), average position shift in anteroposterior direction (cm), and maximal position shift in lateral direction (cm) were used as the parameters. Results. Reliability of all tests was acceptable. Center point of force‐velocity was the most sensitive parameter and the one‐footed measurement the most sensitivetest for evaluating postural stability. At the beginning, the patients with severe low back pain had poorer one‐footed postural control compared with the control subjects (P = 0.0003). The subgroup of patients with moderate low back pain participated in the restoration program. The outcome of the restoration program was considered good if the disability because of low back pain (Oswestry index) decreased during the restoration program and poor if the disability increased or did not change. The one‐footed postural stability remained primarily at the same level as the initial results in the control and good outcome groups, but became significantly poorer in the poor outcome group. The difference between poor outcome and control groups was statistically significant (P = 0.04). Conclusions. Impaired postural stability seems to be one factor in multidimensional symptomatology of patients with chronic low back trouble. Postural stability is easily disturbed in case of impairment in strength, coordination, or effective coupling of muscles in the lumbar and pelvic area. Patients with chronic low back pain seem to experience impairment in these functions, which should be taken into consideration when back rehabilitation programs are planned.
Intake of tapwater and total water by pregnant and lactating women.

BACKGROUND Despite theoretically higher requirements for water due to physiologic demands of pregnancy and lactation, little is known of actual ranges of intake in pregnant and lactating women. METHODS Population-based estimates of total water and tapwater intake in women of reproductive age were derived using data from the 1977-78 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Three-day average intakes were calculated for 188 pregnant women, 77 lactating women, and 6,201 non-pregnant, non-lactating control women. RESULTS Total water intake (mean +/- SD) was 1,940 +/- 686 g/day (median 1,835) for control women, 2,076 +/- 743 g/day (median 1,928) for pregnant women and 2,242 +/- 658 g/day (median 2,164) for lactating women. Tapwater intake was 1,157 +/- 635 g/day (median 1,065) for control women, 1,189 +/- 699 g/day (median 1,063) for pregnant women, and 1,310 +/- 591 g/day (median 1,330) for lactating women. Total water intake was equal to or greater than 3,000 g/day among 7 percent of control women, 11 percent of pregnant women, and 13 percent of lactating women. Tapwater intake was equal to or greater than 2,000 g/day among 10 percent of control women, 15 percent of pregnant women, and 8 percent of lactating women. CONCLUSIONS These results should be useful in estimating amounts of nutrients and toxic substances that women of reproductive age obtain through the water supply.
Personal Stories: Voices of Latino Youth Health Advocates in a Diabetes Prevention Initiative

The YMCA–Silicon Valley Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) U.S. Proyecto Movimiento (PM) Action Community project is a community-based partnership that aims to reduce the prevalence of diabetes among Latinos in the Greater Gilroy, California, area by delivering a prevention campaign across generations. A critical component of PM has been the creation of a Youth Health Advocate (YHA) afterschool club at three public high schools in Gilroy. The YHAs, who are trained on health, nutrition, diabetes, basic leadership skills, and digital storytelling, are at the forefront of the campaign targeting Gilroy youth. In their own words, the YHAs describe why they decided to become a YHA, the positive health impact of YHA activities on themselves and their family, and the positive impact on burgeoning leadership skills. The voices of YHAs in this prevention campaigns have brought value to the PM evaluation, and this qualitative element bears further examination in other community-based prevention campaigns.
Factors impacting on the primary school education of emigrants’ children: The case of Gwanda South, Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT The factors that impact on the primary school education of children left behind by cross-border circular emigrants in a poor rural community are examined. Data collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions from the emigrants’ children, their teachers, guardians or parents and from community leaders gave insight into these factors. The findings showed that the main factor impacting positively on the education of the emigrants’ children was the ability of the parents to support their children’s education financially. The separation of the emigrants’ children from their parents was a factor that impacted most negatively on their education.
Author Masking using Sequence-to-Sequence Models

The paper describes the approach adopted for Author Masking Task at PAN 2017. For the purpose of masking the original author, we use the combination of methods based either on deep learning approach or traditional methods of obfuscation. We obtain sample of obfuscated sentences from original one and choose best of them using language model. We try to change both the content and length of original sentence preserving its meaning.
Analysis of frequency control in isolated microgrids

The gap between supply and demand is never constant and is reflected as frequency deviation in power systems. Recent integration of renewable energy sources as distributed generators at the distribution level increase complexity in terms of control and stability. These distributed generators along with local load and storage constitute microgrids. Various control schemes and strategies with distributed storage is discussed in greater detail. Droop control for power electronic based distributed generators for frequency and voltage control in low voltage microgrid is also presented. The advantages and limitations of the various control strategies is discussed.
Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate on Diagnostic Needle Biopsy Predicts Prostate Cancer Mortality: A Population‐Based Study

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) is a distinct histopathologic feature associated with high‐grade, advanced prostate cancer. Although studies have shown that IDC‐P is a predictor of progression following surgical or radiation treatment for prostate cancer, there are sparse data regarding IDC‐P on diagnostic needle biopsy as a prognosticator of prostate cancer mortality.
The Origin of the Molecular Diversity and Functional Anchoring of Cholinesterases

Vertebrates possess two cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) which both hydrolyze acetylcholine, but differ in their specificity towards other substrates, and in their sensitivity to inhibitors. In mammals, the AChE gene produces three types of coding regions through the choice of 3′ splice acceptor sites, generating proteins which possess the same catalytic domain, associated with distinct C-terminal peptides. AChE subunits of type R (‘readthrough’) produce soluble monomers; they are expressed during development and induced by stress in the mouse brain. AChE subunits of type H (‘hydrophobic’) produce GPI-anchored dimers, but also secreted molecules; they are mostly expressed in blood cells. Subunits of type T (‘tailed’) exist for both AChE and BChE. They represent the enzyme forms expressed in brain and muscle. These subunits generate a variety of quaternary structures, including homomeric oligomers (monomers, dimers, tetramers), as well as hetero-oligomeric assemblies with anchoring proteins, ColQ and PRiMA. Mutations in the four-helix bundle (FHB) zone of the catalytic domain indicate that subunits of type H and T use the same interaction for dimerization. On the other hand, the C-terminal T peptide is necessary for tetramerization. Four T peptides, organized as amphiphilic α helices, can assemble around proline-rich motifs of ColQ or PRiMA. The association of AChET or BChE subunits with ColQ produces collagen-tailed molecules, which are inserted in the extracellular matrix, e.g. in the basal lamina of neuromuscular junctions. Their association with PRiMA produces membrane-bound tetramers which constitute the predominant form of cholinesterases in the mammalian brain; in muscles, the level of PRiMA-anchored tetramers is regulated by exercise, but their functional significance remains unknown. In brain and muscles, the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by cholinesterases, in different contexts, and their possible noncatalytic functions clearly depend on their localization by ColQ or PRiMA.
Finite-time adaptive consensus tracking control algorithm for distributed multiple AUVs

In this paper, the distributed adaptive finite-time consensus tracking control algorithm is proposed for multi-AUV(autonomous underwater vehicle) systems. Firstly, the graph theory is used to describe the communication topology of multi-AUV system. Secondly, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode is designed and the distributed control law is constructed for the multi-AUV system based on the force analysis of a single AUV. Moreover, the adaptive law is introduced to estimate the upper bounds of internal uncertainties and external disturbances. At last, the simulation which based on SIMULINK is used to verify the tracking effects of position and velocity for following AUVs. The results illustrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithm.
Exploring the Reciprocal Relationship between a Comprehensive Living-Learning Program and Institutional Culture: A Narrative Inquiry Case Study.

Over the past 50 years, living-learning programs (LLPs) have emerged as a dynamic curricular innovation in higher education. These programs are residentially based, seeking to seamlessly integrate the classroom and residence hall environments and blur the traditional boundaries between the academic and residential experiences for students (Kuh, 1996; Inkelas & Soldner, 2012). However, efforts to implement LLPs at some campuses have been met with resistance; this is not surprising, as institutions of higher education are often charged in part with preserving cultural and social norms, therefore making them naturally resistant to change (Shapiro & Levine, 1999). One of the most common challenges facing colleges and universities that seek change is a tendency for institutional culture dynamics to be potentially divisive and foster internal conflict (Kuh & Whitt, 1988). Such conflict impacts faculty, students, and administrative subcultures. Institutional partnerships that can overcome divisive cultural dynamics have the potential to greatly enhance the campus climate (Nash et al., 2016). This qualitative research study asks the overarching question, “How does institutional culture influence the creation and development of an LLP and, in turn, can an LLP reciprocally shape institutional culture? ” This case study examines the internal conflict and cultural implications related to the founding of a comprehensive first-year residential college system at St. Lawrence University – a small, private liberal arts institution in the Northeast. Utilizing Kuh’s & Whitt’s (1988) Framework for Analyzing Culture in Higher Education, as well as Schein’s (2004) Conceptual Model for Managed Culture Change, this study collected data through historical document analysis, as well as narrative inquiry interviews focusing on the artifacts, values, assumptions, and beliefs of the campus community. Indepth interviews were conducted with faculty and administrators who played key roles in the foundational years of this LLP, as well as with faculty who opposed the program. The findings of this study demonstrate how preexisting cultural conditions heavily influenced the creation and development of the LLP. This study also identifies the ways in which several deeply entrenched cultural conditions changed, indicating this comprehensive LLP fostered a relational capacity to facilitate institutional culture change.
Plasma Homocysteine Is Elevated in Elderly Patients with Memory Complaints and Vascular Disease

Background: There is an association between elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and vascular disease in elderly patients suffering from organic and non-organic mental disease. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between plasma tHcy concentration and vascular disease in elderly patients with memory complaints. Methods: In 108 patients with memory complaints the concentration of plasma tHcy was related to the presence of vascular disease. Furthermore, different determinants of plasma tHcy concentration were measured. Results: Patients with confirmed memory complaints (CMC, n = 86) which fulfilled the criteria of mild cognitive impairment were divided into two categories, with and without vascular disease. The CMC group without vascular disease showed similar biochemical and brain imaging findings to patients with subjective memory complaints (SMC, n = 22). The group of CMC patients with vascular disease had higher age, higher plasma tHcy, lower serum folate and lower renal function than patients without vascular disease. Conclusion: The finding of two subgroups of patients with CMC supports the notion that mild cognitive impairment is a heterogenous clinical entity with multiple aetiological factors. The elevated plasma tHcy in the group of CMC patients with vascular disease is likely to be associated with vascular disease.
A Framework for Uncertainty Relations

Uncertainty principle, which was first introduced by Werner Heisenberg in 1927, forms a fundamental component of quantum mechanics. A graceful aspect of quantum mechanics is that the uncertainty relations between incompatible observables allow for succinct quantitative formulations of this revolutionary idea: it is impossible to simultaneously measure two complementary variables of a particle in precision. In particular, information theory offers two basic ways to express the Heisenberg’s principle: variance-based uncertainty relations and entropic uncertainty relations. We first investigate the uncertainty relations based on the sum of variances and derive a family of weighted uncertainty relations to provide an optimal lower bound for all situations. Our work indicates that it seems unreasonable to assume a priori that incompatible observables have equal contribution to the variance-based sum form uncertainty relations. We also study the role of mutually exclusive physical states in the recent work and generalize the variance-based uncertainty relations to mutually exclusive uncertainty relations. Next, we develop a new kind of entanglement detection criteria within the framework of marjorization theory and its matrix representation. By virtue of majorization uncertainty bounds, we are able to construct the entanglement criteria which have advantage over the scalar detecting algorithms as they are often stronger and tighter. Furthermore, we explore various expression of entropic uncertainty relations, including sum of Shannon entropies, majorization uncertainty relations and uncertainty relations in presence of quantum memory. For entropic uncertainty relations without quantum side information, we provide several tighter bounds for multi-measurements, with some of them also valid for Rényi and Tsallis entropies besides the Shannon entropy. We employ majorization theory and actions of the symmetric group to obtain an admixture bound for entropic uncertainty relations with multi-measurements. Comparisons among existing bounds for multi-measurements are also given. However, classical entropic uncertainty relations assume there has only classical side information. For modern uncertainty relations, those who allowed for non-trivial amount of quantum side information, their bounds have been strengthened by our recent result for both two and multimeasurements. Finally, we propose an approach which can extend all uncertainty relations on Shannon entropies to allow for quantum side information and discuss the applications of our entropic framework. Combined with our uniform entanglement frames, it is possible to detect entanglement via entropic uncertainty relations even if there is no quantum side information. With the rising of quantum information theory, uncertainty relations have been established as important tools for a wide range of applications, such as quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, entanglement detection, quantum metrology, quantum speed limit and so on. It is thus necessary to focus on the study of uncertainty relations.