Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gamma coherence mediates interhemispheric integration during multiple object tracking

Our ability to track the paths of multiple visual objects moving between the hemifields requires effective integration of information between the two cerebral hemispheres. Coherent neural oscillations in the gamma band (35–70 Hz) are hypothesised to drive this information transfer. Here we manipulated the need for interhemispheric integration using a novel multiple object tracking (MOT) task in which stimuli either moved between the two visual hemifields—requiring interhemispheric integration—or moved within separate visual hemifields. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to measure interhemispheric coherence during the task. Human observers (21 female; 20 male) were poorer at tracking objects between-versus within-hemifields, reflecting a cost of interhemispheric integration. Critically, gamma coherence was greater in trials requiring interhemispheric integration, particularly between sensors over parieto-occipital areas. In approximately half of the participants, the observed cost of integration was associated with a failure of the cerebral hemispheres to become coherent in the gamma band. Moreover, individual differences in this integration cost correlated with endogenous gamma coherence at these same sensors, though with generally opposing relationships for the real and imaginary part of coherence. The real part (capturing synchronisation with a near-zero phase-lag) benefited between-hemifield tracking; imaginary coherence was detrimental. Finally, instantaneous phase-coherence over the tracking period uniquely predicted between-hemifield tracking performance, suggesting that effective integration benefits from sustained interhemispheric synchronisation. Our results show that gamma coherence mediates interhemispheric integration during MOT, and add to a growing body of work demonstrating that coherence drives communication across cortically distributed neural networks.
Tissue-, age- and dose-dependent changes in avian β-defensin and LEAP2 mRNA abundance in the intestines of Salmonella Typhimurium challenged broilers

Abstract Salmonella is a pathogen normally found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. The objective of this study was to determine changes in avian β-defensin (AvBD) and liver-enriched antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) mRNA following Salmonella challenge. Day of hatch chicks were challenged with 106, 107 or 108 colony-forming units (cfu) of Salmonella typhimurium. There were dose-, tissue- and age-specific changes in AvBD and LEAP2 mRNA. At 1-day post-infection (dpi) there was a transient upregulation of AvBD1, 8, 10 and 12 mRNA in the 108 cfu group. At 5 dpi, all seven AvBD mRNA were downregulated in the ileum, while only AvBD1, 6, 10 and 11 mRNA were downregulated in the jejunum and AvBD6, 8, 10, 12 and 13 were downregulated in the cecum. At 7 dpi, there was downregulation of all seven AvBD mRNA in the duodenum and downregulation of selected AvBD in the jejunum, ileum and cecum. LEAP2 mRNA was downregulated at all doses of Salmonella in the cecum at 1 dpi and in the ileum at 5 dpi. In summary, Salmonella infection caused an initial upregulation followed by a downregulation of AvBD mRNA.
Endocrinological late effects of oncologic treatment on survivors of medulloblastoma.

INTRODUCTION Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery used to treat brain tumors have effects on the hy pothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and can result in endocrine dysfunction in up to 96% of cases. PATIENTS AND METHOD Retrospective and descriptive study in patients diagnosed with medulloblasto ma who underwent treatment with chemo and radiotherapy in the last 20 years in a tertiary hospital. The variables analyzed were age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) at the end of follow-up, sexual maturity stage, serum levels of TSH and free T4, ACTH/cortisol and IGF-1, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, lipid profile (total cholesterol), and growth hormone dynamic function test. RESULTS Total sample of 23 patients. Growth hormone deficiency is the most frequent sequelae (82%) fo llowed by thyroid dysfunction (44.8%), and disorders of puberty (24.1%). Only one case of diabetes insipidus and two cases of corticotropin deficiency were diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow- up of medulloblastoma survivors treated with chemo and radiotherapy reveals a very high prevalence of endocrine dysfunction, especially growth hormone deficiency and hypothyroidism. We believe that monitoring and long-term follow-up of these patients is necessary in order to ensure adequate therapeutic management of those treatable dysfunctions.
Cellular microbiology: Bacterial toxin interference drives understanding of eukaryotic cell function

Intimate interactions between the armament of pathogens and their host dictate tissue and host susceptibility to infection also forging specific pathophysiological outcomes. Studying these interactions at the molecular level has provided an invaluable source of knowledge on cellular processes, as ambitioned by the Cellular Microbiology discipline when it emerged in early 90s. Bacterial toxins act on key cell regulators or membranes to produce major diseases and therefore constitute a remarkable toolbox for dissecting basic biological processes. Here, we review selected examples of recent studies on bacterial toxins illustrating how fruitful the discipline of cellular microbiology is in shaping our understanding of eukaryote processes. This ever‐renewing discipline unveils new virulence factor biochemical activities shared by eukaryotic enzymes and hidden rules of cell proteome homeostasis, a particularly promising field to interrogate the impact of proteostasis breaching in late onset human diseases. It is integrating new concepts from the physics of soft matter to capture biomechanical determinants forging cells and tissues architecture. The success of this discipline is also grounded by the development of therapeutic tools and new strategies to treat both infectious and noncommunicable human diseases.
DPOC: desafios da abordagem medicamentosa na doença estável

O objetivo desta revisao foi apontar as potenciais dificuldades praticas na abordagem farmacologica da DPOC estavel. Relatamos a nova proposta de classificacao clinico-funcional do Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Alem disso, mencionamos a necessidade da intervencao terapeutica cronica multidisciplinar, da abordagem para a cessacao do tabagismo, da identificacao de fenotipos de pacientes com DPOC e de solucionar a baixa aderencia ao tratamento inalatorio diario. Relacionamos as estrategias e os farmacos mais recentemente recomendados para serem usados na DPOC estavel. Enfatizamos a necessidade de uma abordagem especifica para o ensino e treinamento do uso dos dispositivos inalatorios. Recomendamos a prevencao infecciosa respiratoria e a oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada quando necessaria. Fazemos mencao ao elevado custo financeiro, direto e indireto, do tratamento. Esperamos, com isso, que o medico possa se tornar mais preciso e seguro na pratica diaria da abordagem farmacologica no paciente com DPOC estavel The objective of this review was to highlight the potential practical difficulties in the pharmacological approach to patients with stable COPD.We report the new clinical-functional classification proposed by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.In addition, we address the need for multidisciplinary therapeutic intervention in chronic COPD, smoking cessation therapy, the identification of COPD phenotypes, and measures to improve adherence to daily inhaled therapy. We also report on themost recently recommended drugs and strategies for the treatment of stable COPD. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for specific instruction and training in the use of inhalers. Moreover, we encourage measures to prevent respiratory infection in COPD patients and recommend long-term home oxygen therapy if necessary. We also address the high direct and indirect financial costs of managing stable COPD.With this article, we hope that our analysis will help physicians might be more accurate and confident in their day-to-day approach to the pharmacological treatment of patients with stable COPD
Mapping the Evidence on the Effectiveness of Telemedicine Interventions in Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Hypertension: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Background Telemedicine is defined by three characteristics: (1) using information and communication technologies, (2) covering a geographical distance, and (3) involving professionals who deliver care directly to a patient or a group of patients. It is said to improve chronic care management and self-management in patients with chronic diseases. However, currently available guidelines for the care of patients with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia do not include evidence-based guidance on which components of telemedicine are most effective for which patient populations. Objective The primary aim of this study was to identify, synthesize, and critically appraise evidence on the effectiveness of telemedicine solutions and their components on clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Methods We conducted an umbrella review of high-level evidence, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. On the basis of predefined eligibility criteria, extensive automated and manual searches of the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were conducted. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted data, and carried out the quality assessments. Extracted data were presented according to intervention components and patient characteristics using defined thresholds of clinical relevance. Overall certainty of outcomes was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Results Overall, 3564 references were identified, of which 46 records were included after applying eligibility criteria. The majority of included studies were published after 2015. Significant and clinically relevant reduction rates for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; ≤−0.5%) were found in patients with diabetes. Higher reduction rates were found for recently diagnosed patients and those with higher baseline HbA1c (>8%). Telemedicine was not found to have a significant and clinically meaningful impact on blood pressure. Only reviews or meta-analyses reporting lipid outcomes in patients with diabetes were found. GRADE assessment revealed that the overall quality of the evidence was low to very low. Conclusions The results of this umbrella review indicate that telemedicine has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes. Although subgroup-specific effectiveness rates favoring certain intervention and population characteristics were found, the low GRADE ratings indicate that evidence can be considered as limited. Future updates of clinical care and practice guidelines should carefully assess the methodological quality of studies and the overall certainty of subgroup-specific outcomes before recommending telemedicine interventions for certain patient populations.
From the beginning to the present state of molecular microbial pathogenesis—A tribute to Pascale Cossart

The universe of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis is filled with many female and male stars. But there are two particularly bright shining supernovae‐like stars: the late Stanley Falkow and the very lively and creative Pascale Cossart. These two outstanding luminaries, surrounded by numerous planets, do not only belong to different scientific generations but their splendor also comes from very different scientific concepts. Stanley Falkow, often referred to as the ‘Father of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis’, made many groundbreaking contributions to this field by addressing almost all important bacterial pathogens. Pascale Cossart, who could be called in analogy the ‘Queen of Modern Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis’ by combining the Microbiology and Cell Biology, concentrates in her similarly impressive scientific work essentially on a single bacterial species which she studied and still studies in great depth: the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes—and the vast majority of her most prominent publications deals with this pathogen in almost all facets. It is certainly not an exaggeration to say that she together with her co‐workers and collaborators developed this model bacterium into a paradigm among the intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Capacitive coupling increases the accuracy of cell-specific tumour ablation by electric fields

Irreversible electroporation holds great potential for cell-specific lysis due to the size-dependent susceptibility of cells to externally imposed electric fields. Previous attempts at selective cell lysis lead to significant overlap between affected populations and struggle with inconsistent biological outcome. We propose that charge transfer at the electrode-liquid interface is responsible by inducing multifactorial effects originating from both the electric field and electrochemical reactions. A promising remedy is the coating of electrodes with a high-k dielectric layer. The resulting capacitive coupling restores the selective potential of electric field mediated lysis in a microfluidic setup. Initial experiments show the consistent depletion of erythrocytes from whole blood while leaving leukocytes intact. The same is true for the reproducible and selective depletion of Jurkat and MCF-7 cells in a mixture with leukocytes. Unexpectedly, the observed order of lysis cannot be correlated with cell size. This implies that the cellular response to capacitive coupling features a selective characteristic that is different from conventional lysis configurations.
Yoğun bakım hastalarında propofol ve deksmedetomidinin akciğer mekanikleri üzerine etkisi

Amac: Propofol ve deksmedetomidin mekanik olarak ventile edilen yogun bakim hastalarinda en sik tercih edilen sedatif ajanlardir. Bu calismanin amaci; propofol ve deksmedetomidinin akciger mekanikleri uzerine erken etkilerini karsilastirmaktir. Gerec ve Yontem: Sedasyon ihtiyaci olan, mekanik olarak ventile edilen, 18-65 yas arasi 70 hasta calismaya dahil edildi. Iki gruba ayrilan hastalara sedasyon amaciyla deksmedetomidin grubuna (Grup D) deksmedetomidin infuzyonu, propofol grubuna (Grup P) propofol infuzyonu uygulandi. Uygulanan ventilasyon modlari, kan gazi analizi, akciger mekanik degerleri (havayolu direnci, pozitif soluk sonu basinci, solunum sikligi, tidal volum, dakika volumu, tepe havayolu basinci, kompliyans, soluk sonu CO 2 , S vO2 degerleri) ve ventilator-hasta uyumu baslangic, 5,15,30,45 ve 60 dakikalarda degerlendirilerek kaydedildi. Bulgular: Demografik veriler ve ventilasyon modlari gruplar arasinda benzerdi. Akciger kompliyansi Grup D’de 60 dakika boyunca artmis olmasina ragmen istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi. Diger akciger mekanikleri degerleri gruplar arasinda benzerdi. Arter kan gazi degerleri her iki grupta da normal aralikta seyretti. Ventilator-hasta uyumunun Grup P’de Grup D’ye gore daha iyi oldugu saptandi. Solunum depresyonu olan hasta sayisi Grup P’de Grup D’ye gore 45. ve 60. dakikalarda daha yuksekti. Sonuc: Propofol ile daha iyi ventilator-hasta uyumu saglanmasina ragmen, deksmedetomidin daha az solunum depresyonu yapar. Bu nedenle weaning donemindeki yogun bakim hastalarinda deksmedetomidin tercih sebebi olabilir. Daha genis orneklem buyuklugu ile yapilacak calismalar propofol ve deksmedetomidinin akciger mekanikleri uzerine etkilerini netlestirecektir.
The Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound, GRS, Alleviates Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Introduction Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides unique advantages for treatment of ischemic stroke, an aging-related vascular disease. Shengmai powder (GRS) is composed of three active components, specifically, ginsenoside Rb1, ruscogenin and schisandrin A, at a ratio of 6:0.75:6. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of GRS on blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction under conditions of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Methods C57BL/6J mice subjected to MCAO/R were used as a model to assess the protective effects of varying doses of GRS (6.4, 12.8, and 19.2 mg/kg) on BBB dysfunction. Results GRS reduced cerebral infarct volume and degree of brain tissue damage, improved behavioral scores, decreased water content and BBB permeability, and restored cerebral blood flow. Moreover, GRS promoted expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 while inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP-2/9) expression and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. In vitro, GRS (1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) enhanced the viability of bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and decreased sodium fluorescein permeability. Conclusion Consistent with in vivo findings, ZO-1 and claudin-5 were significantly upregulated by GRS in bEnd.3 cells under OGD/R and MMP-2/9 levels and MLC phosphorylation reduced through the Rho-associated coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK)/cofilin signaling pathway. Based on the collective findings, we propose that the TCM compound, GRS, plays a protective role against I/R-induced BBB dysfunction.
NEAT1 Long Isoform Is Highly Expressed in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Irrespectively of Cytogenetic Groups or Clinical Outcome

The biological role and therapeutic potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are still open questions. Herein, we investigated the significance of the lncRNA NEAT1 in CLL. We examined NEAT1 expression in 310 newly diagnosed Binet A patients, in normal CD19+ B-cells, and other types of B-cell malignancies. Although global NEAT1 expression level was not statistically different in CLL cells compared to normal B cells, the median ratio of NEAT1_2 long isoform and global NEAT1 expression in CLL samples was significantly higher than in other groups. NEAT1_2 was more expressed in patients carrying mutated IGHV genes. Concerning cytogenetic aberrations, NEAT1_2 expression in CLL with trisomy 12 was lower with respect to patients without alterations. Although global NEAT1 expression appeared not to be associated with clinical outcome, patients with the lowest NEAT1_2 expression displayed the shortest time to first treatment; however, a multivariate regression analysis showed that the NEAT1_2 risk model was not independent from other known prognostic factors, particularly the IGHV mutational status. Overall, our data prompt future studies to investigate whether the increased amount of the long NEAT1_2 isoform detected in CLL cells may have a specific role in the pathology of the disease.
Tissue-Specific Metabolic Regulation of FOXO-Binding Protein: FOXO Does Not Act Alone

The transcription factor forkhead box (FOXO) controls important biological responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metabolism, and oxidative stress resistance. The transcriptional activity of FOXO is tightly regulated in a variety of cellular processes. FOXO can convert the external stimuli of insulin, growth factors, nutrients, cytokines, and oxidative stress into cell-specific biological responses by regulating the transcriptional activity of target genes. However, how a single transcription factor regulates a large set of target genes in various tissues in response to a variety of external stimuli remains to be clarified. Evidence indicates that FOXO-binding proteins synergistically function to achieve tightly controlled processes. Here, we review the elaborate mechanism of FOXO-binding proteins, focusing on adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and other metabolic regulations in order to deepen our understanding and to identify a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
Hepatitis C Virus: Evading the Intracellular Innate Immunity

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections constitute a major public health problem and are the main cause of chronic hepatitis and liver disease worldwide. The existing drugs, while effective, are expensive and associated with undesirable secondary effects. There is, hence, an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics, as well as an effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection. Understanding the interplay between HCV and the host cells will certainly contribute to better comprehend disease progression and may unravel possible new cellular targets for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics. Here, we review and discuss the interplay between HCV and the host cell innate immunity. We focus on the different cellular pathways that respond to, and counteract, HCV infection and highlight the evasion strategies developed by the virus to escape this intracellular response.
Review on Phaleria macrocarpa Pharmacological and Phytochemical Properties

Phaleria macrocarpa or Mahkota Dewa has been a unique plant because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The phytochemical studies of this plant have revealed the presence of bioactive compounds: phenolic compound, terpenes (isoprenoids) compounds, alkaloids compounds, and benzophenones compounds. Researches done on its have shown its ability to treat some diseases and serves as herbal medicines. The aim of this review is to summarize and evaluate the existing researches regarding the pharmacological effects, phytochemical properties, and toxicological studies of Phaleria macrocarpa. This review is expected to be useful for researchers working on the potential roles of Phaleria macrocarpa in the treatment of diseases or for product development.
Job satisfaction and intent to quit as outcomes among home health aides in home health care industry of the United States: A multilevel study

vii LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF FIGURES . xv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENTS . 1 1.2 FORMAT OF DISSERTATION . 5 CHAPTER II: BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE . 7 2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC TREND OF OLDER POPULATION AND BENEFICIARIES . 7 2.2 WHAT IS HOME HEALTH CARE? 8 2.3 HOME HEALTH AIDES . 10 2.4 NECESSITY AND IMPORTANCE OF HOME HEALTH CARE . 14 2.5 TRENDS IN HOME HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES AND THE ROLES OF MEDICARE AND MEDICAID . 15 2.6 QUALITY OF CARE AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES . 20
Precancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions by human papillomavirus infection and p53 R72P polymorphism in Mexican women

The aim was to determine the association between R72P polymorphism of p53 gene and the risk of developing squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions in HPV-16 and /or 18 infected women. Two groups of women were included in this study: 74 patients HPV-16 and /or 18 positive with a cytological and colposcopy diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion and a group of unrelated 130 healthy blood-donors. The viral genotype, allele and genotype of the polymorphism frequencies were determined by PCR approached. The results were analyzed with the statistical programs DeFinetti and STAT intercooled v11.1. Patients with high-grade squamous intrahepitelial lesions (HG-SIL) were infected mainly by HPV-16 (60.72%) compared to low-grade lesions (LG-SIL) (39.28%) (OR 3.14; p= 0.037), with HPV-18 genotype 68.96% of LG-SIL and 31.04% were HG-SIL (OR=0.24, p=0.006). HG-SIL were more common in patients carrying both viral genotypes (70.59% vs 29.41%) (OR 2.8, p = 0.008). A statistically significant association was observed between the genotype R/R and HG-SIL (OR=11.25, IC 3.8-33.29, p= 0.000) compared to those with LG-SIL. The P/R genotype was significantly more frequent in patients LG-SIL, compared to HG-SIL (OR=0.27, p=0.00). In conclusion patients with the R/R genotype showed more susceptibility to HPV-16 infection and they have almost 12 times more risk probability of HG-SIL compared to women having the heterozygous genotype and HPV-18.