Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of sow behaviour on piglet mortality due to crushing in an open farrowing system

The objectives of this study were to establish what changes in posture by sows carried a high risk of piglet crushing in a group farrowing system during early lactation and also to determine what factors influenced the risk of crushing during lying down. A total of 24 Large White ✕ Landrace sows were studied during the first 7 days of lactation in a group farrowing system. Cross-fostering was not carried out so as not to influence behaviour. Dead piglets were removed and cause of death ascertained from external observation and post-mortem examination. Sow and piglet behaviour was video-recorded continuously. A total of 268 piglets were born alive, with 67 liveborn piglets subsequently dying during the 7-day experimental period, 50 as a result of crushing. A total of 7425 posture changes were analysed and 11 types of posture change were identified, the most dangerous being lying down from standing and those involving swapping sides, or rolling over, whilst lying. Dangerous events during lying down were more likely to occur (1) in the first 24 h after farrowing, (2) when the sow lay down in the middle of the pen, (3) when the sow lay down without carrying out much piglet-directed pre-lying behaviour and (4) when the piglets were spread out but near to the sow. The amount of pre-lying behaviour decreased over time and crushing mortality also decreased. The results confirm that the piglets are most vulnerable to crushing during the first 24 h of life, when they are spending much of their time near the udder and have relatively poor mobility. Co-ordination of behaviour between the sow and her litter is important to reduce the risk of crushing. It is also important that the design of open farrowing systems incorporates knowledge about how crushing deaths occur in order to improve piglet welfare.
Influence of Higher Respiratory Rate on SDNN Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate in Healthy Subjects.

Reduced standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN), elevated heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are noted in poor prognosis of cardiovascular disease. But is there association between these three parameters is not clear. To investigate the influence of RR on HR and SDNN in healthy subjects. In 10 healthy subjects, SDNN and HR was calculated from electrocardiogram tracing recorded from lead II in supine position while breathing at 12, 15 and 20 respiratory cycles/per minute for one minute duration. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA/ Kruskal –Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons. Association between two continues variables were measured by Pearson Correlation Coefficient test. p value <0.05 considered significant. HR was higher while breathing at 20 cycles compared to 12 cycles/minute (p < 0.05) . There was no difference in HR while breathing at 15 cycles compared to 12 and 20 cycles/ minute. There was no significant difference SDNN while breathing at 12, 15 and 20 cycles / minute. There was no correlation between HR and SDNN while breathing at 12, 15 and 20 cycles/minute. Higher respiratory rate may influence heart rate but not SDNN
Development of radiotracers for nuclear imaging of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and the translocator protein in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and fatal brain cancer that is associated with a number of diagnostic, therapeutic, and treatment monitoring challenges. At the time of writing, inhibition of a protein called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in combination with chemotherapy was being investigated as a novel approach for the treatment of these tumours. However, human studies have encountered toxicity problems due to sub-optimal PARP-1 inhibitor and chemotherapeutic dosing regiments. Nuclear imaging of PARP-1 could help to address these issues and provide additional insight into potential PARP-1 inhibitor resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, nuclear imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) could be used to improve GBM diagnosis, pre-surgical planning, and treatment monitoring as TSPO is overexpressed by GBM lesions in good contrast to surrounding brain tissue. To date, relatively few nuclear imaging radiotracers have been discovered for PARP-1. On the other hand, numerous tracers exist for TSPO many of which have been investigated in humans. However, these TSPO radiotracers suffer from either poor pharmacokinetic properties or high sensitivity to human TSPO polymorphism that can affect their binding to TSPO. Bearing in mind the above and the high attrition rates associated with advancement of radiotracers to the clinic, there is a need for novel radiotracers that can be used to image PARP-1 and TSPO. This thesis reports the pre-clinical discovery programme that led to the identification of two potent PARP-1 inhibitors, 4 and 17, that were successfully radiolabelled to generate the potential SPECT and PET imaging agents [123I]-4 and [18F]-17 respectively. Evaluation of these radiotracers in mice bearing subcutaneous human GBM xenografts using ex vivo biodistribution techniques revealed that the agents were retained in tumour tissue due to specific PARP-1 binding. This thesis also describes the pre-clinical in vivo evaluation of [18F]-AB5186, which is a novel radiotracer discovered previously within the research group with potential for PET imaging of TSPO. Using ex vivo autoradiography and PET imaging the agent was revealed to accumulate in intracranial human GBM tumour xenografts in good contrast to surrounding brain tissue, which was due to specific binding to TSPO. The in vivo data for all three radiolabelled compounds warrants further pre-clinical investigations with potential for clinical advancement in mind.
Valores econômicos para sistemas de recria e engorda de bovinos Nelore e cruzado

A bio-economic model called Beef Management System was developed to obtain economic values for four growth and finishing cattle production system. A total of four rearing and finishing systems, two were composed by Nellore cattle and the others by crossbred cattle (½ Taurine; ½ Zebu) were tested. For each genetic group, two production systems were developed, one with full time grazing animals and the second with animals grazing during the rearing period and subsequent feedlot finishing. The economic values were estimated by simulations in electronic tables, using the Microsoft Office Excel, considering the average daily gain (ADG), dressing percentage (DP), feed intake (FI) and maintenance energy (ME) for each production system proposed. To obtain the economic values, ADG and DP were increased in 1 %, and ME and FI were reduced in 1 %. With an increase of 1 % in the DP and ADG, the cost to obtain 33.11 pounds decreased in all studied models. A 1 % reduction in animal’s ME resulted in a decrease of 0.45 % in the cost to produce 33.11 pounds in both grazing and subsequent feedlot models and decreased 0.55 % in both full grazing models. With the 1 % reduction in animal’s CA, the cost of 33.11 pounds decreased 0.83 and 0.84 % in the grazing and subsequent feedlot models with Nellore and Crossed cattle; and 0.85 and 0.83 % in full grazing models with Nellore and Crossed cattle. These traits shown an enormous impact on growth and fattening economic systems in cattle production, and DP shown an advantage over the others, once this variable resulted in the highest economic values for all systems analyzed. Thus, through the composition of the four models and the variables included in each of them, it was possible to measure the real genetic impact and its importance related to economic values in cattle production.
The architectural network for protein secondary structure prediction

Over the past 25 years, the accuracy of proteins secondary structure prediction has improved substantially. Recently evolutionary information taken from the deviation of proteins in some structural family have again enhance prediction accuracy for all these residues predicted correctly is in one of the three sates helix, strands and others . The new methods developed over the past few years may be interesting in context of improvements which is achieved through combination of the existing methods. Evolutionary divergences profile posses’ adequate information to improve protein secondary structure prediction accuracy. These profiles can also able to correctly predict long stretches of identical residues in other secondary structure. This sequence structure relationship may help to help to developed tool which can efficiently predict the protein secondary structure from its amino acid sequence.
Are red bishops red enough? On the persistence of a generalized receiver bias in Euplectes

In the genus Euplectes (17 species of widowbirds and bishops), red carotenoid-based coloration has been found to function in male contest competition over territories and appears to exploit a generalized receiver bias by which redder (more longwave) hues are perceived as more aversive or intimidating. A major piece missing, however, is that among the 5 most extensively red species, forming the clade of “red bishops,” the agonistic function has remained unexplored or undetected. Moreover, does the receiver bias remain generalized (“open-ended”) after coevolution of the most exaggerated signal phenotypes? In this field experiment with southern red bishops E. orix, we increased the color hue 27nm, beyond its natural range, and compared the success in territorial competition of these supernormal red males to that of control-red and green (down-manipulated) males. The treatment, but no pre-manipulation colorimetrics or morphometrics, had a significant effect on territory establishment; 76% of super-red males, 45% of control-red males, and 17% of green males were recorded as territory holders at the end of the experiment. The receiver bias, that is, a generalized aversion of redder hues, thus appears to remain after the signal elaboration process, likely (but not necessarily) reinforced by adaptive receiver coevolution, through, for example, exploitation resistance or signal honesty.
Biosensor for On-Line Monitoring of Penicillin During Its Production by Fermentation

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Biosensor for on-line monitoring of penicillin during its production by fermentation Helmut Meier, Canh Tran Minh
NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON THE AMOEBO-FLAGELLATE, TETRAMITUS ROSTRATUS

1. Tetramitus was cultivated indefinitely under axenic conditions upon a medium consisting of 0.5% Difco yeast extract, 0.5% Difco peptone and 1.0% Wilson liver concentrate (N.F.) with selected types of a autoclaved bacteria.2. The liver concentrate could be eliminated with subsequent reduction in trophic growth, only if killed B. cereus or. B. subtilis was utilized as the bacterial fraction. Other bacteria (Neisseria catarrhalis, Escherichia coli) could not be substituted for these spore-formers in this medium.3. It was found that the B. cereus cell contained at least two heat-stable fractions necessary for growth; neutral hydrolysis yielded a non-dialyzable fraction found in the cell-residue and a dialyzable fraction found in the bacterial cell supernatant.4. Both factors were stable to autoclaving with 0.1 N HCl for 30 minutes at 15 pounds pressure and were retained in the acid-treated cell-residue. Alkaline hydrolysis destroyed activity of all the fractions.5. Preliminary attempts have failed to subst.
COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION, INVESTIGATION AND ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES AND FLOWERS EXTRACT

Moringa oleifera plant has nutritional contents which are diseases preventing and it has been used from ancient age in the treatment, prevention of disease or infection. The essential vitamins and minerals are used to prevent and cure the diseases and to save the populations from microbial infection and that may be a most potent antimicrobial medicine from natural source. So it is important to study the phytoconstituents of different part of the plant. The plant have been used for various diseases in the folk medicine and the secondary metabolites is the most important bioactive constituents which include alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, phytosterols and terpenoids are the most popular phytomedicine works instead of antibiotics and that have lesser side effects or adverse effects or other hypersensitive reactions or allergic reactions. So, there have possibility of good antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Now there have many studies available on leaves extract but there has no sufficient study on flower. So the comparable study of the leaves and flower constituents is beneficial for future. In the sense the plant has a rich polyphonolic compounds so there may have most useful antioxidant activity.
Evaluation of crop residues as feeds for goats. Part 1. Voluntary intakes, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of groundnut and bean haulms

Groundnut and bean haulms were evaluated as feeds for indigenous Malawian goats. Generally the results showed that the nutrients in the bean haulms were better digested and utilized by the goats than those in the groundnut haulms. However, provided that adequate amounts of both feeds are available, the goats can satisfy their requirements for dry matter intake and digestible crude protein. Die moont l i kheido m grondboont j iee-n boont j iehootie gebruik as voer vir die inheemse bokke van Malawid is onder" soek. In die algemeen het die resultate aangetoon dat die voedingstowwei n die boont j iehooib eterv er teere n verbruiki s deur die bok kea s di6 in die grondboont j iehooIin.d iend aar egter voldoendeh oeveelhedev an albei voereb eskikbaaris , kan die bokke hulle behoeftes vir die inname van droe6 mater iaale n ver teerbareru proteienb evredig. Keywords : Malawian goats, voluntary intake, digestibility, ni trogen utilization groundnut haulms ,bean haulms
Obtenção de substância surfactante a partir da modificação de celulose

The world's attention to environmental problems has motivated, in recent decades, studies on production of substances derived from biomass, since it is a renewable source and its derivatives present low environmental impact. Among the substances extracted from biomass, the pulp it has had highlighted, and use in various applications, because its structure can be modified giving products with different properties for industrial use. This study aimed to develop a technological route to getting sisal surfactant substance ( Agave sisalana ) modified with lauryl alcohol from cellulose xanthate. The product obtained was chemically characterized by spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform (FT-IR) for the insertion of the modifier in the cellulosic macromolecules and the results of this analysis show that the process of modification employed was effective. Analysis testing of the capacity dissolution and the degree of saponification of the new product in an aqueous medium, the process performed showed that gave good dispersion and low degree of saponification. The amphiphilic character of the modified cellulose, together with the low degree of saponification gave them attributes for use in industrial processes.
DNA methylation changes in workers occupational exposed to carbon nanotubes

Introduction: Increasing evidences suggest that carbon nanotubes (CNT) have adverse biological effects; however the exact mechanism of toxicity is poorly understood. More recently MWCNT-7 has been classified as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) which necessitates study on the effect of CNT exposure in human. Aim: The present study was designed to assess the epigenetic alterations (primarily DNA methylation) induced by occupational exposure to CNT. Method: The study population included 8 operators, 16 R&D workers and 43 controls. The exposure to CNT in the workplace was measured during the study period. Subsequently, DNA samples were analyzed for global DNA methylation/de-methylation by LC-MS/MS. Levels of methylation of specific genes was measured by pyrosequencing. Result: In the production and R&D work space, CNT were aggregates were observed (200 nm–100 μm) with concentrations of 4.6–42.6 μg/m 3 . A preliminary analysis of global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation using LC-MS/MS, adjusted for age, gender and smoking status did not reveal significant difference between the CNT exposed and control groups. Sequence specific global methylation analysis using LINE-1 did not reveal any significant difference. Sequence-specific DNA methylation in promoter region of ATM, SKI and HDAC4 genes did not reveal significant change. Significant hyper-methylation was observed for DNMT1 in the R&D workers. Conclusion: Since DNA methylation plays an important role in several biological processes through epigenetic silencing/regulation of genes, an aberrant methylation of DNMT1 might have a significant effect in various cellular processes. However, the results need to be validated in a larger cohort.
Isolation and Identification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IBFCBF‐1 with Potential for Biological Control of Phytophthora Blight and Growth Promotion of Pepper

In this study, 76 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper. Of these, 23 bacterial isolates capable of inhibiting Phytophthora capsici growth were selected. Among the antagonistic bacteria, one strain, IBFCBF-1 showed the strongest antagonistic activity, and was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological and biochemical testing, and morphological characteristics. When tested with a dual-culture method and with laboratory greenhouse studies, the strain IBFCBF-1 was found to be a potential biocontrol agent for controlling the plant pathogen, P. capsici. Moreover, it showed high efficiency and broad-spectrum antifungal properties in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions, IBFCBF-1 could significantly promote the growth of pepper seedlings, and was able to solubilize phosphate, and produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and ammonia. This study clearly demonstrated that IBFCBF-1 is a potential candidate exhibiting phytophthora blight-suppressive and plant growth-promoting effects on pepper.
Evolution of dispersal strategies and dispersal syndromes in fragmented landscapes

&NA; Habitat fragmentation, an important element of current global change, has profound repercussions on population and species extinction. Landscape fragmentation reduces individual movements between patches (i.e. dispersal) while such movements connecting patches enhance the persistence of metapopulations and metacommunities. Through the recognition of non‐random movements, dispersal has recently been recognized as a highly complex process. This complexity likely changes the predictions on the evolution of dispersal in spatially structured populations and communities. In this article, we emphasize the effects of fragmentation on the evolution of non‐random dispersal. Habitat fragmentation may shape local and global selective pressures acting on a large array of phenotypic traits known to covary with dispersal behaviors. On top of changes in dispersal propensity, habitat fragmentation could therefore modify dispersal syndromes (i.e. dispersers' phenotypic specializations). Habitat fragmentation often leads to spatial structuring of local conditions and consequently may lead to the evolution of different dispersal syndromes at the landscape scale. By neglecting impacts on dispersal syndromes, we might underestimate the impacts of fragmentation on a crucial biodiversity level for metapopulation and metacommunity functioning. We highlight a set of priorities for future empirical and theoretical work that together would provide the understanding of eco‐evolutionary dynamics of dispersal syndromes required for improving our ability to predict and manage spatially structured populations and communities.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT IN VIVO METHODS FOR CHROMOSOME DUPLICATION IN MUSKMELON (CUCUMIS MELO)

Efficiency of in vitro methods for chromosome duplication in haploid melon is very low. This study was conducted to find a new efficient in vivo method for chromosome duplication of haploid melon (Cucumis melo) plants. Tested techniques were (i) colchicine application to lateral buds by medicine dropper, (ii) by colchicine containing agar, (iii) by colchicine imbibed cotton and (iv) shoot tip immersing in colchicine solutions. After treatments, ploidy level of plants were determined morphologically (leaf and flower dimension, presence or absence of pollen) and measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that among the tested methods, “shoot tip immersing into colchicine solutions” was the most successful technique. Dihaplodization efficiency by shoot tip immersing was about % 91.67. Duplication rate was four times more than application by cotton, ten times more than application by agar. Colchicine treatment by medicine dropper was not found as an efficient technique for chromosome duplication.
Comparative evaluation of the effects of whole essential oils and their active constituent compounds on the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fermentation characteristics of rumen microbes in vitro

Effects of whole essential oils (EOs) and their constituent compounds (EOCs) on the fermentation activities of rumen microbes and the biohydrogenation (BH) of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were evaluated in four in vitro experiments and one feeding trial . In all the in vitro experiments, rumen fluid was collected from Hartline x Texel cross cull ewes. A basal feedstock comprising of 70:30 grass hay and concentrate was formulated, milled (1mm screen) and then supplemented with 32.5 g oil/kg (40% oil from ground whole linseed and 60% from fish oil). In the first experiment using 15 EOCs, anethole and 4 - allyanisole which were the most effective EOCs reduced the BH of 18:3 n-3 by 22.2% and 26.4%, respectively. But, at 300 mg/L there was a concomitant substantial inhibition of tot al volatile fatty acids (VFA). In the second experiment, out of 10 whole EOs, anise and cassia oils which were the most effective EOs reduced the BH of 18:3 n-3 by 58.2% and 54.3%, respectively. However, protection was accompanied with significant suppress ion of VFA at 300 mg/L. In the third experiment using varying doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L) of 4 - allylanisole, anethole, anise oil and cassia oil, it was observed that at 200, 4 - allylanisole, anethole and anise oil maintained best balance between satisfactory protection of n-3 PUFA and minimal disruption to VFA concentration. In the fourth experiment , six Hartline x Texel cross lambs were used. Three of the lambs were randomly assigned to the untreated basal diet (BDG) and the remaining three lambs were offered diet with anise oil (AOG ). Rumen fluid collected from each of the BDG and AOG was used in in vitro batch culture system. The AOG maintained higher concentrations of PUFA and lower concentration of stearic acid. Results of these studies indicate that dietary addition of selected EOs and EOCs represent a potential effective strategy to optimize the fatty acid composition of ruminant food products (to be confirmed) . However, whole EOs are more effective than EOCs.