Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Medication Overuse Headache: 1-Year Randomized Multicentre Open-Label Trial

It is a general belief that patients with medication overuse headache (MOH) need withdrawal of acute headache medication before they respond to prophylactic medication. In this 1-year open-labelled, multicentre study intention-to-treat analyses were performed on 56 patients with MOH. These were randomly assigned to receive prophylactic treatment from the start without detoxification, undergo a standard out-patient detoxification programme without prophylactic treatment from the start, or no specific treatment (5-month follow-up). The primary outcome measure, change in headache days per month, did not differ significantly between groups. However, the prophylaxis group had the greatest decrease in headache days compared with baseline, and also a significantly more pronounced reduction in total headache index (headache days/month x headache intensity x headache hours) at months 3 (P = 0.003) and 12 (P = 0.017) compared with the withdrawal group. At month 12, 53% of patients in the prophylaxis group had ≥ 50% reduction in monthly headache days compared with 25% in the withdrawal group (P = 0.081). Early introduction of preventive treatment without a previous detoxification programme reduced total headache suffering more effectively compared with abrupt withdrawal. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00159588).
Incompressible finite element methods for Navier-Stokes equations with nonstandard boundary conditions in ³

This paper is devoted to the steady state, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with nonstandard boundary conditions of the form u • n = 0, curl u x n = 0, either on the entire boundary or mixed with the standard boundary condition u = 0 on part of the boundary. The problem is expressed in terms of vector potential, vorticity and pressure. The vorticity and vector potential are approximated with curl-conforming finite elements and the pressure with standard continuous finite elements. The error estimates yield nearly optimal results for the purely nonstandard problem.
The specificity and kinetic mechanism of branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferase from Escherichia coli studied with a new improved coupled assay procedure and the enzyme's potential for biocatalysis

Branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of hydrophobic amino acids (such as leucine, isoleucine and valine), and its substrate spectrum has not been fully explored or exploited owing to the inescapable restrictions of previous assays, which were mainly based on following the formation/consumption of the specific branched‐chain substrates rather than the common amino group donor/acceptor. In our study, detailed measurements were made using a novel coupled assay, employing (R)‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase from Acidaminococcus fermentans as an auxiliary enzyme, to provide accurate and reliable kinetic constants. We show that Escherichia coli BCAT can be used for asymmetric synthesis of a range of non‐natural amino acids such as l‐norleucine, l‐norvaline and l‐neopentylglycine and compare the kinetic results with the results of molecular modelling. A full two‐substrate steady‐state kinetic study for several substrates yields results consistent with a bi‐bi ping‐pong mechanism, and detailed analysis of the kinetic constants indicates that, for good 2‐oxoacid substrates, release of 2‐oxoglutarate is much slower than release of the product amino acid during the transamination reaction. The latter is in fact rate‐limiting under conditions of substrate saturation.
Simultaneous grating lobe and backlobe rejection with a line array of vector sensors

Horizontal line arrays in underwater acoustics have a so-called “left / right” ambiguity due to the conical shape of the beampattern. When operated above the design frequency at which the inter-element spacing is one-half wavelength, a conical grating lobe further complicates array response. It is shown how vector sensors can be used to simultaneously discriminate against grating lobe and backlobe arrivals by using both the axial and cross-axial dipole components. Results with adaptive algorithms of varying complexity and new deterministic algorithms are compared.
Family Violence in the Military

Family violence, including both child maltreatment and spouse abuse, is a public health concern in both military and civilian populations. However, there is limited knowledge concerning violence in military families relative to civilian families. This literature review critically reviews studies that examine child maltreatment and spouse abuse among military families and compares family violence in military versus nonmilitary populations. Physical abuse and neglect compose the majority of the reported and substantiated cases of child maltreatment in military families, followed by sexual abuse and emotional abuse. On the other hand, physical abuse represents more than 90% of all substantiated cases of spouse abuse in military families, followed by emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. Mixed results were found when comparing military and nonmilitary families in terms of child maltreatment and spouse abuse, in part because of a lack of consistency in policies and practices between military and civilian agencies.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in nonsmokers by occupation and exposure: a brief review

Purpose of review This review gives an overview on recent reports of various occupations associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exposures to associate with COPD among nonsmokers. Recent findings Recent research has focused on identifying occupations with increased risk of COPD and exposures associated with COPD among nonsmokers based on national health survey data in the United States and studies in other countries. Recently reported prevalence of COPD among nonsmokers was 2.8% in the United States and the prevalence in other countries varied from 2% to 4.2%. The newly identified occupations with high COPD prevalence include machine operators, construction trades, financial record processing, cotton workers, farm machinery workers, construction workers, and bus drivers. Summary The results of various studies among nonsmokers show that some occupations are associated with an increased risk of developing COPD, but no exact causes are reported. More research is needed to confirm the newly identified occupations associated with an increased risk of COPD and to identify causal risk factors. To reduce the prevalence of COPD in the workplace, etiologic research and preventive interventions should focus on occupations at risk for occupational exposures.
Auditory-visual synesthesia. Report of a case with intact visual pathways.

Transformation of a sound stimulus to a visual experience, auditory-visual synesthesia, is a curious phenomenon reported in patients with acquired visual loss involving the anterior visual pathways. We describe a patient in whom a striking auditory-visual synesthesia developed ipsilateral to a large mass involving the medial temporal lobe and the adjacent midbrain. This patient's neuro-ophthalmologic and neurophysiologic examinations did not disclose any evidence of visual dysfunction. The synesthesia disappeared after removal of the mass. REPORT OF A CASE A 25-year-old man complained of dull left-sided headaches, weakness and numbness of the left side, and intermittent double vision, which had increased in intensity during a four- to five-week period. During the past two years, he had experienced several episodes during which he saw moving spots of light "like comets" in front of both eyes. General physical examination revealed no abnormality. The neurological examination showed a diminished corneal reflex on the left
The centrosome as potential target for cancer therapy and prevention

Introduction: Cancer initiation and propagation is not possible without cell division. Besides microtubules, which are targeted by taxanes as part of a number of standard chemotherapy regimens, mitosis depends on small cellular organelles known as centrosomes. Centrosome abnormalities are a common finding in tumors including major human malignancies such as prostate or breast cancer. Centrosome aberrations can drive chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, thereby promoting malignant progression. Nonetheless, these important cellular structures have not yet been directly exploited for targeted interventions. Areas covered: This review will summarize the current knowledge of normal and aberrant centrosome duplication. We will highlight the principal pathways leading to aberrant centrosome numbers and the evidence for a role of centrosome amplification in malignant progression. Strategies to target centrosome-mediated cell division errors will be discussed. Lastly, we will review the evidence for centrosome clustering as a druggable cellular process. Expert opinion: Recent advances in the understanding of centrosome biogenesis have revealed a number of potential centrosomal drug targets including Polo-like kinases, Cyclin-dependent kinases, Aurora kinases, and molecular motor proteins. For some of these proteins, targeted inhibitory compounds are available and in vitro experiments have provided the proof-of-concept that blocking centrosome overduplication can result in a reduction of aneuploid cells. In addition, inhibition of centrosomal clustering has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Nonetheless, further in vitro and preclinical studies are required to determine the most effective way to exploit the centrosome for therapeutic or preventive anticancer strategies.
Comparison of Retroviral Transduction Efficiency in CD34+ Cells Derived from Bone Marrow versus G‐CSF–Mobilized or G‐CSF Plus Stem Cell Factor–Mobilized Peripheral Blood in Nonhuman Primates

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are ideal targets for genetic manipulation in the treatment of several congenital and acquired disorders affecting the hematopoietic compartment. Although G‐CSF–mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells are the favored source of hematopoietic stem cells in clinical transplantation, this source of stem cells does not provide meaningful engraftment levels of genetically modified cells compared with G‐CSF + stem cell factor (SCF)–mobilized cells in nonhuman primates. Furthermore, the use of G‐CSF mobilization can have disastrous consequences in patients with sickle cell disease, a long‐held target disorder for HSC‐based gene therapy approaches. We therefore conducted a study to compare the levels of genetically modified cells attainable after retroviral transduction of CD34+ cells collected from a bone marrow (BM) harvest with CD34+ cells collected from a leukapheresis product after mobilization with G‐CSF (n = 3) or G‐CSF in combination with SCF (n = 3) in the rhesus macaque autologous transplantation model. Transductions were performed using retroviral vector supernatant on fibronectin‐coated plates for 96 hours in the presence of stimulatory cytokines. BM was equal to or better than G‐CSF–mobilized peripheral blood as a source of HSCs for retroviral transduction. Although the highest marking observed was derived from G‐SCF + SCF–mobilized peripheral blood in two animals, marking in the third originated only from the BM fraction. These results demonstrate that steady‐state BM is at least equivalent to G‐CSF–mobilized peripheral blood as a source of HSCs for retroviral gene transfer and the only currently available source for patients with sickle cell disease.
CarboMedics mechanical prosthesis: performance at eight years.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The bileaflet St. Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis has been implanted for over 20 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the bileaflet CarboMedics (CM) prosthesis, which was introduced in 1986. METHODS The CM prosthesis was implanted in 1,258 patients (709 males, 549 females; mean age 60.9 +/- 12.3 years) between 1989 and 1997. The prosthesis distribution was aortic valve replacement (AVR) 613; mitral valve replacement (MVR) 447; and multiple replacement (MR) 231. Coronary artery bypass (CAB) was performed in 334 (26.6%) patients; previous procedures had been performed in 346 (27.5%). The age distribution was <60 years (n = 527), 61-70 years (n = 424) and >70 years (n = 307). Risk factors assessed were age or age groups, gender, CAB, previous surgery, rhythm, valve position, status and NYHA functional class. The total follow up was 4,765.0 patient-years (pt-yr), and was 98.4% complete. RESULTS The early mortality rate was 5.6% (AVR 4.8%, MVR 3.7%, MR 11.5%). The late mortality rate was 3.7%/pt-yr (n = 174), and valve-related mortality 1.1%/pt-yr (n = 50). The total thromboembolism (TE) rate was 4.1%/pt-yr (n = 195) (p = NS by valve position); the major TE rate was 1.9%/pt-yr and fatal TE rate 0.31%/pt-yr (n = 15). The valve thrombosis rate was 0.31%/pt-yr (n = 15; 11 MVR, four MR). The fatal thrombosis rate was 0.06%/pt-yr (n = 3; two MVR, one MR). The hemorrhage rate was 2.7%/pt-yr (n = 128) and fatal hemorrhage rate 0.4%/pt-yr (n = 20). The reoperation rate was 1.0%/pt-yr (n = 46), fatal 0.1%/pt-yr (n = 5). The actuarial freedom from overall TE at eight years was 77.3 +/- 2.8%; major TE 88.5 +/- 1.6%, and hemorrhage 76.4 +/- 3.2% (all p = NS by valve position). There were no independent predictors of overall TE and TE exclusion of early events. The only predictor for TE major was status (emergency > urgent > elective). The actuarial freedom from valve-related mortality at eight years was 91.4 +/- 1.8% (p = NS by position) (actual freedom 93.0 +/- 1.3%). The actuarial freedom from valve-related reoperation was 91.1 +/- 2.4% (p <0.05; AVR > MVR and MR, MVR > MR) (actual freedom 92.2 +/- 2.7%). Overall survival rate at eight years was 68.2 +/- 2.3% (p <0.05; AVR > MVR and MR, MVR > MR). CONCLUSION The clinical performance of the CarboMedics mechanical prosthesis is satisfactory when implanted in the mitral, aortic and multiple positions.
Parkinson's and Migraine

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Mechanisms of microtunneling in rock substrates: distinguishing endolithic biosignatures from abiotic microtunnels

Rock‐dwelling, endolithic micro‐organisms can create tubular microcavities (TMCs) by the dissolution of rock substrates. Microtunnels can also conceivably be formed by abiotic processes, and collectively, these structures are here termed tubular microcavities. A textural record of life in subseafloor environments is provided by biological TMCs, and it is imperative to distinguish these from abiological tunnels. To this end, the morphologies and petrographic context of tunnels formed by chemical solution, physical abrasion, and biological processes are here described. Biological TMCs in volcanic glass are restricted to sites that were connected to early fluid circulation. Their shapes, distribution, and the absence of intersections exclude an origin by chemical dissolution of pre‐existing heterogeneities such as, radiation damage trails, gas‐escape structures, or fluid inclusion trails. Rather their characteristics are best explained by microbial dissolution, involving perhaps, cellular extensions that provide a mechanism of localizing and directing microtunnel formation as observed in terrestrial soils. Biological TMCs are contrasted with ambient inclusion trails (AITs) found in cherts and authigenic minerals. These differ in exhibiting longitudinal striae, a constant diameter, and polygonal cross‐section, sometimes with terminal inclusions. The origin(s) of AITs remain unclear but they are hypothesized to form by migration of crystalline or organic inclusions in sealed substrates, in contrast to biotic TMCs that form in open systems. We present diagnostic morphological and petrographic criteria for distinguishing these different types of TMCs. Moreover, we argue that AIT‐type processes are not viable in volcanic glass because of the absence of crystalline millstones, localized chemical solution agents, and elevated fluid pressures, necessary to drive this process.
Itaconic Acid Production by Microorganisms: A Review

Itaconic acid (C_5H_6O_4) is an organic acid with unique structure and characteristics. In order to promote the bio-based economy, the US-Department of Energy (DOE) assigned a ＂top-12＂ of platform chemicals, which include numerous of organic acids. In particular di-carboxylic acids, like itaconic acid, can be used as monomers for bio-polymers. Thus the need to produce itaconic acid attracts much attention. The favored production process is fermentation of carbohydrates by fungi and Aspergillus terreus is the mostly frequently employed commercial producer of itaconic acid. This review reports the current status of use of microorganisms in enhancing productivity.
The oncostatic action of melatonin in an ovarian carcinoma cell line

Abstract: Melatonin is reported to reduce proliferation in many cell types, but the effect is small and the results are inconsistent. Information on the mechanism by which melatonin exerts its antiproliferative effects might provide insight into the variability of the response. In an ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line (BG‐1), we find that melatonin at concentrations of 10−9‐10−7 M caused a 20–25% reduction in cell number. Melatonin also resulted in a similar reduction in [3H]‐thymidine incorporation with no significant increase in cell death as measured by trypan blue incorporation. The Kd for melatonin reduction in cell number was ∼ 5 × 10−10 M. Melatonin ML2 receptors have a Kd for melatonin binding in the low nM range and are linked to the production of the calcium mobilizing agent inositol‐1, 4, 5‐trisphosphate (IP3). To investigate whether melatonin signaling involves an increase in cytosolic‐free calcium, BG‐1 cells were loaded with the calcium sensitive indicator, fura‐2. Acute addition of melatonin (10−5‐10−9 M) did not alter cytosolic calcium. Addition of the putative nuclear receptor agonist CGP52608 caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of cell number with a Kd of ∼ 2 × 10−9 M. Addition of CGP52608 caused a similar reduction in [3H]‐thymidine incorporation. Neither melatonin (10−8 M‐10−5 M) nor CGP52608 at concentrations below 10−7 M induced cell death associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation; however, addition of CGP52608 at a high dose (10−7 M) caused an increase in cell death, consistent with apoptosis. Growth inhibition by melatonin or CGP52608 did not alter the percentage of cells in G1 versus S/G2/M.
An analysis of the survival outcomes of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation compared to live donor kidney transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes: a UK Transplant Registry study

Transplant options for patients with type 1 diabetes and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) include deceased donor kidney, live donor kidney (LDK) and simultaneous pancreas‐kidney (SPK) transplantation. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes between LDK and SPK for patients with type 1 diabetes and ESRD in the UK. Data on all SPK (n = 1739) and LDK (n = 385) transplants performed between January 2001 and December 2014 were obtained from the UK Transplant Registry. Unadjusted patient and kidney graft survival were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analysis of kidney graft and patient survival was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. There was no significant difference in patient (P = 0.435) or kidney graft survival (P = 0.204) on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis there was no association between LDK/SPK and patient survival [HR 0.71 (0.47–1.06), P = 0.095]. However, LDK was associated with an overall lower risk for kidney graft failure [HR 0.60 (0.38–0.94), P = 0.025]. SPK recipients with a functioning pancreas graft had significantly better kidney graft and patient survival than LDK recipients or those with a failed pancreas graft. SPK transplantation does not confer an overall survival advantage compared to LDK. However, those SPK recipients with a functioning pancreas have significantly better outcomes.
The Relationship of Intracellular Iron Chelation to the Inhibition and Regeneration of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase*

The depletion of cellular iron can lead to the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, preventing new DNA synthesis and hence inhibiting cell proliferation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been used to examine simultaneously for the first time the relationship between chelation of intracellular iron and the rate of removal and regeneration of the tyrosyl radical of ribonucleotide reductase within intact human leukemia K562 cells. The different physiochemical characteristics of relatively hydrophobic low molecular weight bidentate hydroxypyridinone chelators and the higher molecular weight hexadentate ferrioxamine have been exploited to elucidate these interactions further. The base-line concentration of EPR-detectable mononuclear nonheme iron complexes was 3.15 ± 1.05 μM, rising on incubation with chelators more rapidly with hydroxypyridinones than with desferrioxamine. Hydroxypyridinones also removed the tyrosyl radical more rapidly, apparently as a consequence of depletion of the intracellular iron pools necessary to regenerate the active enzyme and compatible with their reportedly greater cell toxicity. The radical decay rate is consistent with previous models, suggesting that iron is spontaneously removed from mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. Upon removal of extracellular chelator the regeneration of the tyrosyl radical was significantly faster for hydroxypyridinones than for desferrioxamine, consistent with their differential effects on cell cycle synchronization.
U-commerce research: a literature review and classification

Nowadays, numerous journals and conferences have published articles related to ubiquitous commerce u-commerce, indicating many researchers' interest. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to review the works that were published in journals and conferences, suggest a new classification framework of ubiquitous commerce research and explore each feature of classification framework. This paper is based on a literature review of ubiquitous commerce research from 2000 to 2010 using a keyword index and paper title search. The 209 articles are classified and results of these are presented, based on a framework that consists of five distinct layers: theory and research layer, network infrastructure layer, technology infrastructure layer, application layer and user infrastructure layer. This paper allows researchers to extract several lessons learned that are important for the ubiquitous commerce research.
The Redistributional Impact of Canada’s Employment Insurance Program, 1992–2002

Pendant une dizaine d’années, à partir du début des années 1990, les principaux programmes canadiens de soutien du revenu ont subi d’importantes réformes. Pendant ce temps, l’économie a été plongée dans une profonde récession, puis a connu une phase de forte croissance. Dans cet article, nous examinons l’évolution de l’incidence distributive de l’Assurance-emploi (AE) durant cette période. Nos résultats indiquent que l’AE a eu, durant toute la période, un fort effet redistributif sur le revenu des individus et un effet un peu plus faible sur le revenu familial. Toutefois, nous montrons également que la distribution des prestations et des contributions a beaucoup changé, ce qui a affaibli l’effet redistributif. En fait, les prestations et les contributions ont toutes les deux un effet redistributif, alors que la structure des contributions est dégressive. Dans le contexte, ces résultats sont concevables, l’économie ayant fait face à la fois à un niveau élevé de chômage et aux pressions fiscales sur les dépenses gouvernementales.