Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal fluctuation of cholesterol in ovarian compartments of birds

the reduced ovaries. Itstarts increasing in the prebreeding period, becomes maximum in the breeding period and decreases afterwards. The increasing level of cholesterol in the prebreeding period is mainly due to its storage in the stromal and thecal interstitial cells. The amount of cholesterol in the interstitial tissues is decreased during the breeding period and this is closely accompanied by an increase of their Ob-3 p-HSDH activity. Higher level of total ovarian cholesterol during the breeding period are mainly due to its accumulation in the cytoplasm of vitellogenic follicles. The functional significance of seasonal fluctuation in the cholesterol content of different ovarian compartments is discussed.
Working Party on Agricultural Policies and Markets GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL USE IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR Contact :

of the paper on Global antimicrobial use in food animals The rising demand for livestock for human consumption, combined with the regular use of antimicrobials in livestock is increasing selection pressure on antimicrobial-sensitive bacteria globally. In contrast to antibiotic consumption in humans and despite the significant potential consequences for antimicrobial resistance, there has been no quantitative measurement of the global antimicrobial consumption in livestock. We address this gap by employing Bayesian statistical models combining maps of livestock densities, economic projections and current estimates of antimicrobial consumption in highincome countries to map antimicrobial use in food animals for 2010 and 2030. We estimate that globally, the average consumption of antimicrobials per kilogram of animal produced annually was 45, 148 and 172 milligrams per kilogram for cattle, chicken and pigs, respectively. Based on this we conservatively estimate that between 2010 and 2030, the global consumption of antimicrobials will increase by 67%, from 63 151 ±1 560 tonnes to 105,596 ±3 605 tonnes. Up to one third of this increase is imputable to shifting production practices in middle-income countries where extensive farming systems will be replaced by large-scale intensive farming operations where antibiotics are used routinely in sub-therapeutic doses. For Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, the increase in antimicrobial consumption will be 99%, up to seven times the projected population growth in this group of countries. Concerted global action for prudent use of antimicrobials in livestock is needed to contain the uninhibited growth of antibiotics in livestock in ways that promote food security and preserve antimicrobial effectiveness to treat infections of animals and humans. TAD/CA/APM/WP(2014)34/FINAL
Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in marine organisms from the coastal areas of the southern Shandong Peninsula, China

The concentration and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in organisms from the coastal area of southern Shandong Peninsula were investigated. Concentrations of PCBs, PAHs and OCPs were highest in fish samples owing to their high lipid content. For PCBs, fish samples possessed high amounts of low-chlorinated biphenyls, while mollusk and shrimp samples had more highlychlorinated biphenyls. All 16 PAHs were detected in marine organisms and the content of high molecular weight PAHs increased gradually from fish to mollusk, and to shrimp. Four isomers of HCHs were detected in marine organisms with recoveries higher than 90%. DDTs in marine organisms have been biodegradated mostly with little parent DDT input. Pollution profiles in different marine organisms were different due to differences water solubility. Their biological habits, habitats and related physiological characteristics were important factors describing these pollution profiles.
Feelings and Emotions: Pleasure, Unfelt Affect, and Irrational Desire

An example of unfelt affect is described in which subliminal facial expressions cause unfelt “liking,” which influences people’s reactions and beverage consumption without causing conscious emotion. Subcortical brain modules for core processes of nonconscious “liking” and “wanting” have been revealed by affective neuroscience studies, based on behavioral affective reactions that occur even in creatures that cannot speak, such as infants or animals. Core “liking” and “wanting” may normally contribute to conscious pleasure and desire. But these core psychological processes are themselves intrinsically inaccessible and provide a basis for unconscious affective reactions. The process of “wanting” also provides insight into cases of truly irrational desire, where one wants what is neither liked nor expected to be liked. Sweetness tastes nice. The pleasantness of a sweet taste is a gloss on the mere sensation, added by our brains to the sensory quality of sweetness (Frijda, 2001). 1 Sweets need not be nice – there are nasty sweet tastes in this world too (as when aversions are acquired for particular sweet flavors). But humans are evolutionarily and neurobiologically predisposed to find sweet sensation pleasant. This chapter is devoted to the gloss of niceness, especially the niceness of sensory pleasures (for discussion of nonsensory pleasures, see Frijda, 2001). What is the niceness gloss? How is it added to 1 The idea of pleasure as a “niceness gloss,” added to sweetness above and beyond mere sensation, was introduced at the Amsterdam conference by Nico Frijda (in a public discussion with Antonio Damasio). Without fully addressing the interesting point of their contention (the degree to which the affect of sensations is intrinsic to sensory representations or separate from them), I have adopted it as a useful device to link the ideas in this
ระบาดวิทยาโรคอุจจาระร่วงในโรงพยาบาลจาก Clostridium difficile ท่ีโรงพยาบาลศิริราช วิลาวัณย์ ทิพย์หมนตรี , ภัทรชัย กีรติสิน , สถาพร มานัสสถิตย์ , วิษณุ ธรรมลิขิตกุล ภูมิหลัง : สาเหตุสําคัญของโรคอุจจาระร่วงในโรงพยาบาลคือการติดเชื้อ Clostridium difficile วัตถุประสงค์ : เพื ่อทราบความชุก ปัจจัยเสี ่ยง กา

Background: Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is an important cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatments and outcomes of the patients with CDAD in hospitalized patients at Siriraj Hospital. Material and Method: The medical records of hospitalized patients aged older than 14 years who developed hospitalacquired diarrhea and their stool samples were sent for detection of C. difficile toxins from March to June 2008 were reviewed. Risk factors of CDAD were identified by reviewing medical records of CDAD patients (case group) and patients who had hospital-acquired diarrhea without C. difficile toxins (control group). The patients in the control group were matched with the case group in terms of gender and age. Results: Three hundred and twenty three stool samples obtained from 255 adult hospitalized patients were sent to microbiology laboratory for detection of C. difficile toxins. The prevalence of CDAD in suspected C. difficile-associated hospital-acquired diarrhea was 12.3% (95% CI 8.5% to 17.6%). Univariate analysis showed that antibiotic use (> 2 agents), proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, hematologic malignancy, receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive agents were associated with CDAD. Multivariate analysis revealed that only antibiotic use (> 2 agents), PPI use and hematologic malignancy were independent risk factors associated with CDAD. Nasogastric intubation was observed to be associated with CDAD as a protective factor from both univariate and multivariate analyses. Diagnosis of CDAD in most of the patients was made by a presence of C. difficile toxin in their stool samples. Response rate to metronidazole was 74.5%. The recurrence rate of CDAD was 3.2%. The mortality rate due to CDAD was 3.2%. Conclusion: CDAD is not uncommon in the patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea especially in those who have hematologic malignancy, receive multiple antibiotics or receive PPI. Metronidazole is an acceptable treatment for CDAD. The recurrence rate of CDAD and mortality rate due to CDAD are low.
The effects of solar variability on the Earth's climate

The absolute value of total solar irradiance is not known to better than ca.0. 3% but measurements from satellite instruments over the past two solar cycles have shown that it varies by ca.0. 1% on this time-scale. Over longer periods its value has been reconstructed using proxy measures of solar activity, and these suggest that during the Maunder minimum in solar activity of the late 17th century it was 3−4 W m−2 lower than at present. Observational data suggest that the Sun has influenced temperatures on decadal, centennial and millennial time-scales, but radiative forcing considerations and the results of energy-balance models and general circulation models suggest that the warming during the latter part of the 20th century cannot be ascribed entirely to solar effects. However, chemical and dynamical processes in the middle atmosphere may act to amplify the solar impact. An analysis of zonal mean temperature data shows that solar effects may be differentiated from those associated with other factors such as volcanic eruptions and the El Niño Southern Oscillation.
The oval shaped root canal : a clinical review AcroNyms

One of the main objectives of endodontic treatment is the thorough preparation of the root canal system and proper obturation for obtaining a three-dimensional seal. To achieve this goal, clinicians must have a comprehensive knowledge of the normal anatomy of the relevant root canal system and its common variations. Cross-sectional root canal configurations have been classified as round, oval, long oval, flattened, or irregular. The oval shaped canals should have a different approach regarding management compared with normal root canal configurations. The recognition of oval configurations determines that a different approach be applied in cleaning, shaping and obturation. Because of the importance of executing a suitable treatment option for oval shaped canals, a comprehensive review of published information is vital. The aim of this study was to address the definition, prevalence, and treatment protocols for oval shaped canals.
Inverse Modeling of A Nonlinear Pressure Sensor

A nonlinear pressure sensor can be modeled by a simple functional link artificial neural network (FLANN). The sensor output response can be expressed in terms of its input by a power series. The FLANN based inverse model of the sensor can estimate the applied pressure accurately. The FLANN is trained by back propagation algorithm and the unknown coefficients of the power series are estimated accurately. The maximum error between the measured and estimated values is found to be only +/-1.3%. This proposed inverse model approach automatically compensates the effect of the associated nonlinearity to estimate the applied pressure. This modeling technique provides greater flexibility and accuracy in a changing environment. Keywords-Artificial Neural Network, FLANN, Pressure sensor, nonlinearity, Normalized Capacitance, Normalized Pressure.
Uncorrected proofs — not for distribution 4 Cell

Cell division in rod-shaped bacteria like Bacillus subtilis is carried out by a contractile protein ring, known as the divisome or septalsome, which is made up of about a dozen different polypeptides. This sophisticated macromolecular machine, which is centered around the tubulin-like protein FtsZ, is capable of promoting the coordinated invagination of the cell membrane and cell wall to create the so-called division septum. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the mechanism of septum formation in B. subtilis. Emphasis will be placed on describing the properties of the individual division proteins and how they assemble into the divisome complex, and on a discussion of the regulatory mechanisms that ensure that septum formation will happen with great spatial and temporal precision at every cell cycle. In addition, the peculiar asymmetric division that happens during B. subtilis sporulation will be described. Introduction Cell division, in its most encompassing sense, is the process of generating two viable descendants from a progenitor cell. This involves two main coordinated events: the replication and segregation of the bacterial chromosome and the splitting of the progenitor cell by cytokinesis, which in bacteria is also known as septum formation. This chapter focuses on the mechanism of septum formation. For a detailed description of chromosome replication and segregation, see the Chapters 1 to 3 in this volume. Not surprisingly, given the importance of efficient reproduction for evolutionary success, bacterial cells have developed a remarkably sophisticated protein machinery capable of precisely splitting a progenitor cell at the right place and time in every cell cycle. This machine, which is often referred to as divisome or septalsome (septosome) (Nanninga, 1998), is based on a contractile protein ring, much as in the case of their more complex eukaryotic relatives. In contrast with eukaryotic cells, however, which frequently use actin and myosin as the base of their contractile protein ring, in bacteria the contractile machinery is based on the tubulin-like protein FtsZ.
Ju n 20 04 Persistence in nonequilibrium surface growth

M. Constantin, 2 C. Dasgupta, 3 P. Punyindu Chatraphorn, 4 Satya N. Majumdar, 6 and S. Das Sarma 1 Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India 4 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Laboratoire de Physique Quantique, UMR C5626, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Modeles Statistiques, Universite Paris-Sud, Bat. 100, 91405 ORSAY Cedex, France
Experiences with Bilateral Art: A Retrospective Study

Recent advances in neuroscience describe the effect of experience on neural architecture. Paralleling these advances in neuroscience, recent explorations in the field of art therapy speculate on the relationship between specific therapeutic interventions and neuroplasticity, which underlies the changes in neural architecture. One such intervention, bilateral art, purposefully engages both left and right hemispheres of the brain, as well as multiple sensory systems, in responding to clientidentified conflicted elements of experience. This paper summarizes experiences using bilateral art over an eighteen-month period with individuals at a university family therapy center. The bilateral art intervention was applied to a range of presenting problems including relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and trauma. Outcome measures include clientreported scalings, as well as client-reported and/or therapistobserved changes in behavior over time. Additionally, this paper presents indicators for the use of bilateral art an as intervention, as well as contraindications for its use.
Metabolic and hormonal basis of fatigue during exercise

Exercise-induced reduction in maximal force production or the inability to continue activity with enough force is defined as fatigue. Although the etiology of fatigue is complex, but it can be divided into two distinct parts: Central and peripheral which are not separated from each other and have close relationship with each other. Different activities cause fatigue and main challenge is identifying the different mechanisms which are involved in various conditions. Seemingly the traditional justification of the intra cellular accumulation of lactic and hydrogen ions, which cause to dysfunction of contractile protein in mammals, particularly humans, has little significance. In one hand most of the studies about fatigue has been done on isolated animal fiber and in another hand the main issue is putting the dispersed information from different studies together in order to understand the fatigue mechanism in human, particularly athletes. Topics which will be discussed in this study would complete our understanding of the metabolic and hormonal fatigue.
Recent progress on the automatic quality control of ELDORA data

A method for automatic quality control of the data collected by the Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) was described in Wolff et al (2009). This method introduced fields that were thought to be good candidates for inclusion in an algorithm to automatically remove noise and non-weather returns. In this paper we discuss the performance of an early version of the algorithm when it is run on data collected by the ELDORA during five field programs.
The SLUGGS survey: chromodynamical modelling of the lenticular galaxy NGC 1023

Globular clusters (GCs) can be considered discrete, long-lived, dynamical tracers that retain crucial information about the assembly history of their parent galaxy. In this paper, we present a new catalogue of GC velocities and colours for the lenticular galaxy NGC 1023, we study their kinematics and spatial distribution, in comparison with the underlying stellar kinematics and surface brightness profile, and we test a new method for studying GC properties. Specifically, we decompose the galaxy light into its spheroid (assumed to represent the bulge+halo components) and disc components and use it to assign to each GC a probability of belonging to one of the two components. Then we model the galaxy kinematics, assuming a disc and spheroidal component, using planetary nebulae and integrated stellar light. We use this kinematic model and the probability previously obtained from the photometry to recalculate for each GC its likelihood of being associated with the disc, the spheroid, or neither. We find that the reddest GCs are likely to be associated with the disc, as found for faint fuzzies in this same galaxy, suggesting that the disc of this S0 galaxy originated at z ≃ 2. The majority of blue GCs are found likely to be associated with the spheroidal (hot) component. The method also allows us to identify objects that are unlikely to be in equilibrium with the system. In NGC 1023 some of the rejected GCs form a substructure in phase space that is connected with NGC 1023 companion galaxy.
Review: Clinical benefits of functional electrical stimulation cycling exercise for subjects with central neurological impairments

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling ergometer has been utilized in recent decades for rehabilitation by sequentially stimulating the large leg-actuating muscles of paralyzed leg muscles to produce cyclical leg motion. A number of studies reported physiological adaptations after regular FES-cycling exercise (FESCE) training in subjects with spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy and other conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of general aspects of FES cycling systems and clinical applications of FESCE. The studies cited in this article provide supportive findings for the potential clinical efficacy of FESCE for reducing the risk of secondary medical complications in subjects with paralysis. The potential therapeutic benefits of FESCE include conditioning the cardiopulmonary, muscular, and skeletal systems, and improving other physiological and psychological performances. Our recent pilot study also indicated that the decrease of leg spasticity in subjects with cerebral palsy is one of the acute effects of FESCE. In conclusion, we recommend that FESCE is of benefit in a variety of aspects to improve the general condition and to prevent deterioration in subjects with central neurological impairments.
Advances in metabolic flux analysis toward genome-scale profiling of higher organisms

Methodological and technological advances have recently paved the way for metabolic flux profiling in higher organisms, like plants. However, in comparison with omics technologies, flux profiling has yet to provide comprehensive differential flux maps at a genome-scale and in different cell types, tissues, and organs. Here we highlight the recent advances in technologies to gather metabolic labeling patterns and flux profiling approaches. We provide an opinion of how recent local flux profiling approaches can be used in conjunction with the constraint-based modeling framework to arrive at genome-scale flux maps. In addition, we point at approaches which use metabolomics data without introduction of label to predict either non-steady state fluxes in a time-series experiment or flux changes in different experimental scenarios. The combination of these developments allows an experimentally feasible approach for flux-based large-scale systems biology studies.
Imaging of Placenta Accreta Spectrum

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) refers to an abnormally invasive implantation of the placenta into the uterine myometrium. The resultant risk is that of severe maternal hemorrhage and significant maternal morbidity and even mortality. The 2 strongest risk factors for the development of PAS are a history of a prior cesarean section and a placenta previa in the current pregnancy. Clinically, most patients are asymptomatic but some will present with vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping. The goal of this article is to discuss the common clinical presentation and risk factors for placenta accreta spectrum, and to review in detail the ultrasound features/markers of PAS in each trimester.
Necrosis and necroptosis in germ cell depletion from mammalian ovary

The maximum number of germ cells is present during the fetal life in mammals. Follicular atresia results in rapid depletion of germ cells from the cohort of the ovary. At the time of puberty, only a few hundred (<1%) germ cells are either culminated into oocytes or further get eliminated during the reproductive life. Although apoptosis plays a major role, necrosis as well as necroptosis, might also be involved in germ cell elimination from the mammalian ovary. Both necrosis and necroptosis show similar morphological features and are characterized by an increase in cell volume, cell membrane permeabilization, and rupture that lead to cellular demise. Necroptosis is initiated by tumor necrosis factor and operated through receptor interacting protein kinase as well as mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein. The acetylcholinesterase, cytokines, starvation, and oxidative stress play important roles in necroptosis‐mediated granulosa cell death. The granulosa cell necroptosis directly or indirectly induces susceptibility toward necroptotic or apoptotic cell death in oocytes. Indeed, prevention of necrosis and necroptosis pathways using their specific inhibitors could enhance growth/differentiation factor‐9 expression, improve survivability as well as the meiotic competency of oocytes, and prevent decline of reproductive potential in several mammalian species and early onset of menopause in women. This study updates the information and focuses on the possible involvement of necrosis and necroptosis in germ cell depletion from the mammalian ovary.