Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaders' Change Promoting Behaviors, Leader Charisma, And Commitment to Change as the Antecedent of Employee Performance

The existence of a strategic change in a company or agency is not always acceptable to all employees, no matter how important the goals of the change are. Performance improvement is an indicator of change that is acceptable to companies and related agencies. Improving employee performance is one way for employees to succeed in realizing the vision and mission of the organization when a company or agency strategy changes. Although many factors will affect employee performance during change, it is necessary to foster employee readiness from the start from the leadership and company agencies in conveying the goals of change. Because leadership has been recognized as critical to the success of change because it can develop a strategy, vision, and culture of change and inspire employees to participate in change. For this reason, leaders change promoting behaviors who are connected through charismatics and commitment to change as variables that affect employee performance are important to examine in this study. This study uses a quantitative approach using a questionnaire and the Partial Least Square (PLS) method which is part of SEM. Respondents of this study were 42 civil servants of the Public Relations and Protocol Bureau of the Regional Secretariat of East Java Province.
Phytochemical Investigation of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.)

Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. is a medicinal plant of Bangladesh with enormous traditional applications in folk medicine. The current study was designed to isolate the secondary metabolites by successive chromatographic separation of n-hexane and dichloromethane soluble fractions of a methanol extract of leaves of S. oleosa. A total of four compounds were separated and identified as 5,7-dihydroxy4'-methoxyflavone, stigmasterol, lupeol and betulinic acid. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of their H NMR data and comparison with published values.
Dirac neutrinos and Neff. Part II. The freeze-in case

We discuss Dirac neutrinos whose right-handed component νR has new interactions that may lead to a measurable contribution to the effective number of relativistic neutrino species Neff. We aim at a model-independent and comprehensive study on a variety of possibilities. Processes for νR-genesis from decay or scattering of thermal species, with spin-0, spin-1/2, or spin-1 initial or final states are all covered. We calculate numerically and analytically the contribution of νR to Neff primarily in the freeze-in regime, since the freeze-out regime has been studied before. While our approximate analytical results apply only to freeze-in, our numerical calculations work for freeze-out as well, including the transition between the two regimes. Using current and future constraints on Neff, we obtain limits and sensitivities of CMB experiments on masses and couplings of the new interactions. As a by-product, we obtain the contribution of Higgs-neutrino interactions, Δ Neff SM ≃ 7.5 × 10-12, assuming the neutrino mass is 0.1 eV and generated by the standard Higgs mechanism.
Mock light-cones and theory friendly catalogues for the CANDELS survey

We present mock catalogs created to support the interpretation of the CANDELS survey. We extract halos along past lightcones from the Bolshoi Planck dissipationless N-body simulations and populate these halos with galaxies using two different independently developed semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and the empirical model UniverseMachine. Our mock catalogs have geometries that encompass the footprints of observations associated with the five CANDELS fields. In order to allow field-to-field variance to be explored, we have created eight realizations of each field. In this paper, we present comparisons with observable global galaxy properties, including counts in observed frame bands, luminosity functions, color-magnitude distributions and color-color distributions. We additionally present comparisons with physical galaxy parameters derived from SED fitting for the CANDELS observations, such as stellar masses and star formation rates. We find relatively good agreement between the model predictions and CANDELS observations for luminosity and stellar mass functions. We find poorer agreement for colors and star formation rate distributions. All of the mock lightcones as well as curated "theory friendly" versions of the observational CANDELS catalogs are made available through a web-based data hub.
Improved treatment of dark matter capture in neutron stars II: leptonic targets

Neutron stars harbour matter under extreme conditions, providing a unique testing ground for fundamental interactions. We recently developed an improved treatment of dark matter (DM) capture in neutron stars that properly incorporates many of the important physical effects, and outlined useful analytic approximations that are valid when the scattering amplitude is independent of the centre of mass energy. We now extend that analysis to all interaction types. We also discuss the effect of going beyond the zero-temperature approximation, which provides a boost to the capture rate of low mass dark matter, and give approximations for the dark matter up-scattering rate and evaporation mass. We apply these results to scattering of dark matter from leptonic targets, for which a correct relativistic description is essential. We find that the potential neutron star sensitivity to DM-lepton scattering cross sections greatly exceeds electron-recoil experiments, particularly in the sub-GeV regime, with a sensitivity to sub-MeV DM well beyond the reach of future terrestrial experiments.
Terahertz lasing at room temperature: A numerical study of a vertical-emitting quantum cascade laser based on a quantum dot superlattice

We investigate room-temperature lasing of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using quantum dot chains as active material suitable for wireless communication and imaging technologies. To make band structure calculations for such extended systems of coupled quantum dots possible, we developed a ``linear combination of quantum dot orbitals'' method, based on single quantum dot wave functions. Our results demonstrate strong vertical emission of coupled quantum dots, reduced phonon coupling, and in-plane scattering, enabling room-temperature lasing with significantly reduced threshold current densities.
A pedagogical review on solvable irrelevant deformations of 2D quantum field theory

This is a pedagogical review on TT¯ deformation of two dimensional quantum field theories. It is based on three lectures which the author gave at ITP-CAS in December 2018. This review consists of four parts. The first part is a general introduction to TT¯ deformation. Special emphasises are put on the deformed classical Lagrangian and the exact solvability of the spectrum. The second part focuses on the torus partition sum of the TT¯ / JT¯ deformed conformal field theories and modular invariance/covariance. In the third part, different perspectives of TT¯ deformation are presented, including its relation to random geometry, 2D topological gravity and holography. We summarize more recent developments until January 2021 in the last part.
Quintessential α-attractor inflation: forecasts for Stage IV galaxy surveys

Single-field models of α-attractor quintessential inflation provide a unified picture of the two periods of early- and late-time cosmic acceleration, where both inflation and dark energy are described by a single scalar degree of freedom rolling down a runaway potential. These theoretically well-motivated models have distinct observational predictions that are in agreement with existing cosmological data. We show that the next generation of large-scale structure surveys, even when no other cosmological data sets are considered, will strongly constrain the parameter space of these models, and test them against the standard cosmological model and more conventional non-quintessential inflation. In particular, we expect 𝒪(10-5-10-4) constraints on the present values of the dark energy equation of state and its time derivative, w0 and wa. We also forecast more than one order of magnitude tighter constraints on the spectral index of primordial curvature perturbations n_s compared to the expectations for the standard model. This demonstrates the powerful synergy between the upcoming large-scale structure probes of inflation and those aiming to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio r through the observation of B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background.
Investigating Cosmic Discordance

We show that a combined analysis of cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectra obtained by the Planck satellite and luminosity distance data simultaneously excludes a flat universe and a cosmological constant at 99% confidence level. These results hold separately when combining Planck with three different data sets: the two determinations of the Hubble constant from Riess et al. and Freedman et al., and the Pantheon catalog of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae. We conclude that either the Lambda cold dark matter model needs to be replaced by a different paradigm, or else there are significant but still undetected systematics. Our result calls for new observations and stimulates the investigation of alternative theoretical models and solutions.
Pressure control of the magnetic anisotropy of the quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet 
Cr2Ge2Te6

We report the results of the pressure-dependent measurements of the static magnetization and of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}$ to address the properties of the ferromagnetic phase of this quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals magnet. The static magnetic data at hydrostatic pressures up to 3.4 GPa reveal a gradual suppression of ferromagnetism in terms of a reduction of the critical transition temperature, a broadening of the transition width, and an increase of the field necessary to fully saturate the magnetization ${M}_{\mathrm{s}}$. The value of ${M}_{\mathrm{s}}\ensuremath{\simeq}3{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}/\mathrm{Cr}$ remains constant within the error bars up to a pressure of 2.8 GPa. The anisotropy of the FMR signal continuously diminishes in the studied hydrostatic pressure range up to 2.39 GPa, suggesting a reduction of the easy-axis-type magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE). A quantitative analysis of the FMR data gives evidence that up to this pressure the MAE constant ${K}_{\mathrm{U}}$, although getting significantly smaller, still remains finite and positive, i.e., of the easy-axis type. Therefore, a recently discussed possibility of switching the sign of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}$ could only be expected at still higher pressures, if possible at all, due to the observed weakening of the ferromagnetism under pressure. This circumstance may be of relevance for the design of strain-engineered functional heterostructures containing layers of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}$.
Cauchy problem of non-homogenous stochastic heat equation and application to inverse random source problem

In this paper, a Cauchy problem of non-homogenous stochastic heat equation is considered together with its inverse source problem, where the source term is assumed to be driven by an additive white noise. The Cauchy problem (direct problem) is to determine the displacement of random temperature field, while the considered inverse problem is to reconstruct the statistical properties of the random source, i.e. the mean and variance of the random source. It is proved constructively that the Cauchy problem has a unique mild solution, which is expressed an integral form. Then the inverse random source problem is formulated into two Fredholm integral equations of the first kind, which are typically ill-posed. To obtain stable inverse solutions, the regularized block Kaczmarz method is introduced to solve the two Fredholm integral equations. Finally, numerical experiments are given to show that the proposed method is efficient and robust for reconstructing the statistical properties of the random source.
Pressure effect on band inversion in 
AECd2As2
 
(AE=Ca, Sr, Ba)

Recent studies have predicted that magnetic EuCd 2 As 2 can host several different topological states depending on its magnetic order, including a single pair of Weyl points. Here we report on the bulk properties and band inversion induced by pressure in the non-magnetic analogs AE Cd 2 As 2 ( AE = Ca, Sr, Ba) as studied with density functional theory calculations. Under ambient pressure we find these compounds are narrow band gap semiconductors, in agreement with experiment. The size of the band gap is dictated by both the increasing ionicity across the AE series which tends to increase the band gap, as well as the larger nearest neighbor Cd-As distance from increasing atomic size which can decrease the band gap because the conduction band edge is an anti-bonding state derived mostly from Cd 5 s orbitals. The combination of these two competing effects results in a non-monotonic change of the band gap size across the AE series with SrCd 2 As 2 having the smallest band gap among the three compounds. The application of negative pressure reduces this band gap and causes the band inversion between the Cd 5 s and As 4 p orbitals along the (cid:1985) -A direction to induce a pair of Dirac points. The topological nature of the Dirac points is then confirmed by finding the closed Fermi arcs on the (10 1(cid:3364) 0) surface.
Coordinated Market Clearing for Combined Thermal and Electric Distribution Grid Operation

To economically dispatch distributed energy resources (DERs) while addressing operational concerns of the electric grid, distribution locational marginal price (DLMP)-based market frameworks have been formulated for the electric distribution grid. This paper proposes to extend this methodology to thermal grids, i.e. district heating or cooling systems, and presents a market-clearing mechanism based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for coordinating between thermal grid, electric grid and DER operation. The ability of the proposed mechanism to achieve the market equilibrium for a combined thermal and electric grid is demonstrated for a test case with 22 flexible loads (FLs).
Fileless cyberattacks: Analysis and classification

With cyberattack techniques on the rise, there have been increasing developments in the detection techniques that defend against such attacks. However, cyber attackers are now developing fileless malware to bypass existing detection techniques. To combat this trend, security vendors are publishing analysis reports to help manage and better understand fileless malware. However, only fragmentary analysis reports for specific fileless cyberattacks exist, and there have been no comprehensive analyses on the variety of fileless cyberattacks that can be encountered. In this study, we analyze 10 selected cyberattacks that have occurred over the past five years in which fileless techniques were utilized. We also propose a methodology for classification based on the attack techniques and characteristics used in fileless cyberattacks. Finally, we describe how the response time can be improved during a fileless attack using our quick and effective classification technique.
Countergradient variation concealed adaptive responses to temperature increase in Daphnia from heated lakes

To test the general assumption that global warming will induce body size reduction in aquatic organisms, we used a system of lakes continually heated for six decades by warm water discharge from power plants. Their temperature elevation of 3–4°C corresponds with climate change forecasts for the end of the 21st century. We compared body size and reproduction of Daphnia longispina complex communities inhabiting heated and non‐heated (control) lakes nearby. No difference in body size was found, but Daphnia communities from heated lakes had a wider thermal breadth for reproduction. The two lake groups varied in the taxonomic composition of Daphnia communities. Thus, to disentangle inter‐ and intraspecific sources of variation, and to examine evolution vs. phenotypic plasticity of investigated traits, we performed two life history experiments: (1) a between‐species experiment compared D. galeata inhabiting heated lakes with D. longispina typical of nearby control lakes, under three temperature regimes; (2) a within‐species experiment compared D. galeata from heated lakes with conspecifics from high latitude (cold control) and low latitude (warm control) lakes, under two temperature regimes. The experiments revealed countergradient variation: environmental constraints on body size in situ concealed evolution of larger potential body size in Daphnia from heated lakes. In turn, evolution of increased body size plasticity resulted in an efficient resource allocation trade‐off: more effective reproduction at high temperature, at the cost of size reduction. We suggest that large size is adaptive during active overwintering, while plastic size reduction is a coping strategy for high temperatures.
CAOS spectral imager design and advanced high dynamic range FDMA–TDMA CAOS mode

A CAOS line camera is introduced for spectral imaging of one-dimensional (1D) or line targets. The proposed spectral camera uses both a diffraction grating as well as a cylindrical lens optics system to provide line imaging along the line pixels’ direction of the image axis and Fourier transform operations in the orthogonal direction to provide optical spectrum analysis of the line pixels. The imager incorporates a coded access optical sensor (CAOS) structure based on a digital micromirror device (DMD). The design includes a line-by-line scan option to enable 2D spectral imaging. Line style spectral imaging using a 2850 K color temperature white light target illumination source along with visible band color bandpass filters and a moving mechanical pinhole is demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to simulate a line target with individual pixels in 1D that have unique spectral content. A ∼412 to ∼732nm input target spectrum is measured using a 38×52 CAOS pixel spatial sampling grid providing a test image line of 38 pixels, with each pixel providing a designed spectral resolution of ∼6.2nm. The spectral image is generated using the robust code division multiple access (CDMA) mode of the camera. Then, for what we believe is the first time, the high dynamic range (HDR) operation of the frequency division multiple access–time division multiple access (FDMA–TDMA) mode of the CAOS camera is demonstrated. The FDMA–TDMA mode also features HDR recovery like the frequency modulation TDMA (FM–TDMA) mode, although at a much faster imaging rate and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as more than one CAOS pixel is extracted at a time. Experiments successfully demonstrate 66 dB HDR target recovery using both FDMA–TDMA and FM–TDMA modes, with the FDMA–TDMA mode operating at an encoding speed eight times faster than the FM–TDMA mode, given that eight FM channels are used for the FDMA–TDMA mode. The CAOS spectral imager can be used to image both full spectrum stationary line targets as well as spectrally map 2D targets using line scanning methods. The demonstrated FDMA–TDMA CAOS mode is suited for improved speed and SNR linear HDR imaging.
GRADED TWISTED CALABI–YAU ALGEBRAS ARE GENERALIZED ARTIN–SCHELTER REGULAR

Abstract This is a general study of twisted Calabi–Yau algebras that are $\mathbb {N}$ -graded and locally finite-dimensional, with the following major results. We prove that a locally finite graded algebra is twisted Calabi–Yau if and only if it is separable modulo its graded radical and satisfies one of several suitable generalizations of the Artin–Schelter regularity property, adapted from the work of Martinez-Villa as well as Minamoto and Mori. We characterize twisted Calabi–Yau algebras of dimension 0 as separable k-algebras, and we similarly characterize graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebras of dimension 1 as tensor algebras of certain invertible bimodules over separable algebras. Finally, we prove that a graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebra of dimension 2 is noetherian if and only if it has finite GK dimension.
Improving Non-Intrusive Load Disaggregation through an Attention-Based Deep Neural Network

Energy disaggregation, known in the literature as Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), is the task of inferring the power demand of the individual appliances given the aggregate power demand recorded by a single smart meter which monitors multiple appliances. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network that combines a regression subnetwork with a classification subnetwork for solving the NILM problem. Specifically, we improve the generalization capability of the overall architecture by including an encoder–decoder with a tailored attention mechanism in the regression subnetwork. The attention mechanism is inspired by the temporal attention that has been successfully applied in neural machine translation, text summarization, and speech recognition. The experiments conducted on two publicly available datasets—REDD and UK-DALE—show that our proposed deep neural network outperforms the state-of-the-art in all the considered experimental conditions. We also show that modeling attention translates into the network’s ability to correctly detect the turning on or off an appliance and to locate signal sections with high power consumption, which are of extreme interest in the field of energy disaggregation.
One-loop electromagnetic correlators of SQED in power-law inflation

We examine scalar quantum electrodynamics in power-law inflation, and compute the one-loop correction to electric and magnetic field correlators at superhorizon separations. The effect at one-loop descends from the coupling of the vector to the charged scalar current which is greatly enhanced due to gravitational particle production. We conclude that non-perturbative effects must exist due to (i) secular growth, (ii) spatial running, and (iii) infrared sensitivity of the one-loop correction to the correlators. Electric and magnetic correlators exhibit a hierarchy that is due to Faraday's law and accelerated expansion, and must hold non-perturbatively.
Consumer behavior analysis model based on machine learning

The accurate mastery of demand information enables retailers to better respond to consumers and effectively manage inventory. However, the precise connection and interaction between this information collection and inventory management is more difficult to measure. In view of this, this paper proposes a research on inventory model based on consumer web search. Moreover, centering on the two main actors in the online search environment, consumers and retailers, this paper fully considers their characteristics and situations to construct an inventory model in the online search environment, and analyzes the ordering strategy. Moreover, based on the digital traces left by consumers in the decision-making process, this paper uses general search indicators and specific search indicators to measure consumer web search to explore the relationship between consumer web search indicators and the demand conversion rate proposed in the model. Moreover, this paper analyzes the model with examples. The research results are in line with model construction expectations.
Modified MIT bag Models—part I: Thermodynamic consistency, stability windows and symmetry group

In this work we study different variations of the MIT bag model. We start with the so called non-ideal bag model and discuss it in detail. Then we implement a vector interaction in the MIT bag model that simulates a meson exchange interaction and fix the quark-meson coupling constants via symmetry group theory. At the end we propose an original model, inspired by the Boguta-Bodmer models, which allows us to control the repulsion interaction at high densities. For each version of the model we obtain a stability window as predicted by the Bodmer-Witten conjecture and discuss its thermodynamic consistency.