Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude, commande et mise en œuvre de nouvelles structures multiniveaux

Les structures de conversion multiniveaux permettent de convertir en moyenne tension et forte puissance. Celles-ci sont construites a partir de cellules de commutations et permettent d’augmenter le courant et la tension en entree ou en sortie. Ces structures sont appelees multiniveaux car les formes d’ondes des tensions en sortie permettent d’avoir plus de deux niveaux de tension differents. Les differentes structures peuvent etre classees dans differentes categories tel que la mise en serie de pont en H, les convertisseurs multicellulaires serie ou parallele ou encore les structures utilisant le fractionnement du bus continu. Toutes ces structures ont des proprietes et applications differentes, meme si certaines structures ont des proprietes communes. Il est aussi possible de creer de nouvelles structures en mixant les differentes structures de bases des differentes familles de convertisseurs multiniveaux ou en assemblant les structures de base de la conversion statique. Meme si l’utilisation de structure de conversion multiniveaux permet de convertir a forte puissance, celle-ci n’est pas toujours aisee. En effet l’augmentation du nombre de niveaux ou de la tension d’entree implique egalement une augmentation du nombre de composants semiconducteurs. Ceci peut etre un frein a l’utilisation de convertisseur multiniveaux. Pour cela une nouvelle structure utilisant des composants partages entre les differentes phases est proposee afin de limiter leur nombre. Un autre probleme important lie aux convertisseurs multiniveaux est l’equilibrage des tensions des condensateurs du bus continu si celui-ci est compose de plus de deux condensateurs mis en serie. Pour cela plusieurs solutions sont possibles : soit en utilisant une commande specifique utilisant la modulation vectorielle, soit en utilisant des structures auxiliaires qui ont pour but d’equilibrer les differentes tensions des condensateurs. Dans une derniere partie ont ete proposees de nouvelles structures qui permettent a la fois d’augmenter le courant de sortie et la tension en entree en utilisant les principes des structures de base des convertisseurs multicellulaires serie et parallele. De plus, ces structures ont des proprietes interessantes sur les formes d’ondes de sortie. De ces structures a ete concu un prototype permettant de valider les resultats de simulation. Une commande numerique implantee sur FPGA a ete realisee et a permis d’avoir des resultats experimentaux interessants.
Bone morphogenic protein 2 directly enhances differentiation of murine osteoclast precursors

Previous studies found that bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) support osteoclast formation, but it is not clear whether this is a direct effect on osteoclasts or mediated indirectly through osteoblasts. We have shown that a mouse deficient for the BMP antagonist Twisted gastrulation suggested a direct positive role for BMPs on osteoclastogenesis. In this report, we further determine the significance of BMP signaling on osteoclast formation in vitro. We find that BMP2 synergizes with suboptimal levels of receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) to enhance in vitro differentiation of osteoclast‐like cells. The enhancement by BMP2 is not a result of changes in the rate of proliferation or survival of the bone marrow‐derived cultures, but is accompanied by an increase in expression of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and fusion. Treatment with BMP2 did not significantly alter expression of RANKL or OPG in our osteoclast cultures, suggesting that the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis is not mediated indirectly through osteoblasts or stromal cells. Consistent with this, we detected phosphorylated SMAD1,5,8 (p‐SMAD) in the nuclei of mononuclear and multinucleated cells in osteoclast cultures. Levels of p‐SMAD, BMP2, and BMP receptors increased during differentiation. RNAi suppression of Type II BMP receptor inhibited RANKL‐stimulated formation of multinuclear TRAP‐positive cells. The BMP antagonist noggin inhibited RANKL‐mediated osteoclast differentiation when added prior to day 3, while addition of noggin on day 3 or later failed to inhibit their differentiation. Taken together, these data indicate that osteoclasts express BMP2 and BMP receptors, and that autocrine BMP signaling directly promotes the differentiation of osteoclasts‐like cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 672–682, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuing Education: A Family Matter?

‪Is there a statistical relationship between changes in family status and access to continuing education? This article attempts to answer this question based on an empirical analysis of ‪ ‪Emploi en continu‪ ‪ (Continuous Employment) surveys conducted in France from 2003 to 2012. While the results show that for women childbirth is associated with a decrease in the likelihood of continuing education, they also suggest that children’s entry into the school system provides an opportunity for better educated people to participate more in company training. The formation and break-up of couples are also associated with gender inequalities in access to education: the break-up of a couple is negatively correlated with the probability of attending company training, especially for women who have custody of their children. For education offered by an employment agency, mostly aimed at the unemployed, it seems that what matters most is less the distribution of child custody than the employment status of the partners at the time of the break-up. ‪
Relationship of blood lead levels to personal hygiene habits in lead battery workers: Taiwan, 1991-1997.

BACKGROUND The blood lead concentrations of workers in lead battery factories are more than 4 times higher than those of the general population in Taiwan. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce lead exposure in this high-risk population. A health promotion program on personal habits that reduce lead exposure has been carried out in a lead battery factory since 1991. This study investigated the longitudinal relationship of workers' blood lead concentrations and personal hygiene habits from 1991 through 1997. METHODS In each of the 7 years of the study, occupational physicians questioned workers regarding nine personal hygiene items, personal information, and medical history before their annual health examination. The relationship between blood lead concentrations and personal hygiene habits was analyzed by longitudinal multiple regression in a mixed effect model with adjustment for potential confounders. In addition, the risk ratio of a blood lead concentration exceeding 40 micrograms/dL in men and 30 micrograms/dL in women (the action levels set by the Department of Health, Taiwan) was estimated by generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Blood lead levels decreased significantly in the first 5 years of the study. The personal habits most closely related to blood lead concentrations were smoking at work sites (estimated coefficient = 3.13, P < 0.001), and eating at work sites (estimated coefficient = 1.38, P = 0.069). The risk ratio for workers with both these habits exceeding the action level of blood lead was 2.93 (95% CI 1.27-6.77). Difference in job titles, however, accounted for a major portion of the variance in blood lead. For example, working in "pasting" and "plate-cutting" was associated with blood lead elevations > 20 micrograms/dL in comparison to the "low- or no-exposure jobs. " CONCLUSIONS Health promotion programs can decrease exposure of lead workers; reducing the practices of smoking and eating at work sites should be the core of such programs. However, a major reduction in lead exposure for some jobs (e.g., "pasting" and "plate cutting") in lead battery factories in Taiwan is unlikely to occur without major engineering changes.
Characteristics and phylogenetic studies of complete mitochondrial DNA based on the ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) from four different areas

Abstract In this study, we cloned and sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA of ricefield eel populations from four different areas (Guizhou province, Guangxi province, Hunan province, and Guangdong province) in China. The mitochondrial genome was 16,622 bp in length and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers KP779622–KP779625. The organizations of the complete mitogenomes of the four ricefield eel were similar to those of other teleost species which contained 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes, as well as a putative control region (CR). Most of these genes were encoded on the H-strand, except for the ND6 and eight tRNA genes, all other genes were encoded on the H-strand. Phylogenetic analyses using N–J computational algorithms showed that the ricefield eel was clustered with Mastacembelus armatus (KJ184553) and they belong to Synbranchiformes. The four ricefield eel populations could be divided into two groups: Guangxi province and the other population cluster together.
Construction de connaissances par exposition a un cours avec LSA

Le paradoxe de l'apprentissage, c'est-a-dire la possibilite de deriver de nouvelles connaissances a partir de connaissances existantes, est un probleme auquel se sont atteles de nombreux chercheurs. Landauer et Dumais (1997) en proposent une mise en oeuvre informatique, l'analyse de la semantique latente (LSA, pour Latent Semantic Analysis), une methode d'analyse factorielle multidimensionnelle permettant d'analyser, a partir des co-occurrences de mots, les proximites semantiques de mots ou paragraphes. Ce modele a notamment ete utilise pour simuler l'acquisition du vocabulaire humain, et nous repliquons ici ce travail a propos d'une exposition a un cours. Un premier test nous permet d'examiner l'evolution des proximites semantiques intermots, calculees par LSA, au fur et a mesure de l'exposition a ce cours. Trois types d'evolution de proximites peuvent etre degagees, qui amenent a la considerer comme semblable a celle des humains. Un deuxieme test compare les scores d'etudiants a un questionnaire a choix multiple a ceux de LSA, une fois qu'il a traite le cours donne aux etudiants. LSA permet, sans aucun codage humain prealable, de rendre compte de la construction de connaissances par exposition a un cours.
Technical Note - On the Estimation of Convex Functions

We consider the estimation of a convex or concave relationship from a set of limited observations without prior specification of a functional form. A concave programming problem is shown to provide a “best” estimate for an arbitrary norm and n independent variables. The problem is shown to be well suited to a solution using the computational strategy of relaxation (a variant of generalized programming). An example illustrates the procedure and demonstrates the relationship to a procedure for n = 1 suggested by Dent.
Failure Prediction Mechanisms in Cluster Systems

Clustering is an important technique for improving the performance and availability of computer systems. The use of cluster systems is also continuously growing because they present excellent features like scalability, high availability and high performance computing. Availability is mainly administered by failure detection and recovery mechanism, including proactive failure mechanisms that try to prevent occurrences of faults. Given the criticality and importance of availability for high performance computing, this paper uniquely surveyes noticeable existing mechanisms for prevention of faults in high availability and high performance computing cluster systems, and presents a comparative overview.
Sporting event attributes and behavioural intention: mediating effect of destination image / Dhiya Hikmahana Abdul Razak and Aslinda Mohd Shahril

This research examines the relationship between sports tourism event attributes (access quality, accommodation quality, and venue quality) and international participants revisit intention to join another sporting event. Furthermore, this study attempts to explore the influence of destination image as a mediator between the relationship of sports tourism event attributes and behavioral intention. It briefly argued that sports event can add the attractiveness of the destination. This research function is exploratory studies which determine the necessary influence of attributes in the sports tourism event to define the concept. Statistical analysis was employed which is reliability test, descriptive analysis by using the mean score and multiple regressions approach which is to explore the relationship between dependent variable and independent variable. For this study, questionnaires were distributed to international participants who joined running event conducted at Putrajaya. The findings from this study presented that, the main hypothesis and three sub-hypotheses were not fully supported. By taking into these considerations, for the future research, it might need to take into though consideration to use a qualitative approach to explore more crucial information.
Deconstructing 'Decentralization': Exploring the Core Claim of Crypto Systems

This chapter first describes the current use of the term “decentralized” as applied to permissionless blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Then, it analyzes the complex, contested nature of the term, delving into issues such as the different domains where power is exercised in blockchain systems and the fluid nature of power concentration and diffusion in these systems. Next, it provides examples of events that reveal sites of concentrated power in permissionless blockchain systems, focusing on the activities of software developers and miners. Finally, it explores the significant implications for law of using a fuzzy term like “decentralized” to make legal decisions, as misunderstandings about power hidden in the term can lead to flawed decisions across a wide swath of legal fields.
Modèle multiéchelle pour les écoulements turbulents et compressibles en présence de forts gradients de densité

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la modelisation des ecoulements turbulents compressibles et instationnaires, en presence de forts gradients de densite, rencontres dans la fusion par confinement inertiel. Le comportement extremement instationnaire des ecoulements abordes remet en question l'hypothese sous-jacente d'equilibre spectral sur laquelle reposent la plupart des modeles de fermeture en un point. C'est pourquoi nous avons ete amenes a developper un modele statistique multiechelle de turbulence. Ce modele a deux zones spectrales, a ete etabli dans le formalisme des moyennes de favre. Les equations d'evolution des energies cinetiques turbulentes de chaque zone spectrale sont derivees des equations de navier-stokes moyennees et filtrees. Une equation pour le flux spectral, alimentant les petites echelles, et une autre pour le taux de dissipation de la turbulence sont egalement developpees. Une methode originale de determination des constantes phenomenologiques, utilisant les proprietes spectrales de la modelisation, est presentee. Elle est basee sur le modele analytique de canuto-goldman qui relie le taux de croissance lineaire des instabilites hydrodynamiques aux spectres des turbulences qu'elles engendrent. L'application du modele multiechelle a la prevision des ecoulements turbulents consecutifs aux instabilites de richtmyer-meshkov et de rayleigh-taylor ainsi qu'au probleme de l'interaction onde de choc / turbulence a souligne les avantages de l'approche multiechelle. En particulier, il est montre que la prise en compte du desequilibre spectral ameliore la description de la relaxation de la turbulence et influence le developpement du melange turbulent. Un modele multiechelle aux tensions de reynolds a egalement ete etabli. Son application a l'etude de l'interaction onde de choc / turbulence a permis de mettre en evidence l'amelioration, apportee par la prise en compte du desequilibre spectral, a la prevision du retour a l'isotropie de la turbulence.
Scene Categorization with Classified Codebook Model

This paper presents an efficient yet powerful codebook model, named classified codebook model, to categorize natural scene category. The current codebook model typically resorts to large codebook to obtain higher performance for scene categorization, which severely limits the practical applicability of the model. Our model formulates the codebook model with the theory of vector quantization, and thus uses the famous technique of classified vector quantization for scene-category modeling. The significant feature in our model is that it is beneficial for scene categorization, especially at small codebook size, while saving much computation complexity for quantization. We evaluate the proposed model on a well-known challenging scene dataset: 15 Natural Scenes. The experiments have demonstrated that our model can decrease the computation time for codebook generation. What is more, our model can get better performance for scene categorization, and the gain of performance becomes more pronounced at small codebook size.
Inclusion de données indirectes dans la simulation de réseaux de fractures discrets

Les methodes stochastiques de modelisation discrete de reseaux de fractures reposent principalement sur la reproduction de la geometrie du reseau de fractures naturelles decrit par des lois de distributions statistiques. Classiquement, la geometrie de chaque objet est simulee en determinant la position, l'orientation et la geometrie d'objets planaires representant une fracture. Cependant, l'organisation generale du reseau est emergente d'un processus stochastique et stationnaire. Cette these explore une approche stochastique pseudo-genetique definissant des regles d'implantation et de propagation d'objets non planaires qui permet de contraindre l'emergence d'une organisation fractale particuliere. La simulation mime le processus de fracturation naturelle en contraignant le positionnement et la geometrie de chaque fracture par la zone d'accumulation des contraintes et la zone d'ombre definie autour de chaque fracture deja simulee. Nous etudierons l'impact de la methode proposee sur la dimension fractale du reseau de fractures discret. De meme, nous menerons une etude quantifiant l'impact de notre methode de simulation sur la connectivite des modeles et leur seuil de percolation. La validation des approches stochastiques se base sur le realisme de la geometrie et du comportement des modeles produits. L'approche precedemment decrite contraint les geometries locale et globale des reseaux de fractures discrets par des lois statistiques et des concepts issus de la mecanique de la fracturation. L'imagerie des discontinuites mecaniques peut aussi passer par l'interpretation de donnees indirectes evaluant le comportement physique et/ou dynamique du volume de roche fracture. Nous proposons une approche efficace pour integrer a la simulation stochastique des considerations relatives a des tests de traceurs et a la microsismicite. Nous integrerons ces considerations a la simulation directe des objets sans passer par une optimisation qui pourrait etre couteuse en temps de calcul et corrompre l'organisation fractale du reseau de fracture discret
An Enhanced Channel Estimation with Partial Interference Cancelation for MU-MIMO System

In this letter, we propose an enhanced channel estimation method for multi-user multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission in long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced system. The proposed method partially estimates and eliminates the interference using simple matrix operations. After that, we apply an iterative channel estimation scheme. Due to the improvement of initial channel estimation performance, the proposed channel estimation method has significantly large performance gain compared to conventional method.
Role of Empathetic Engineering in Building More Resilient Green Economy Case Study on Creating Resilient Self Sufficient Food Security Programs in Middle East

This paper targets to investigate the influence of empathetic engineering on creating more resilience economy driven government organisation structure that delivers the socio-economic needs of the stakeholders effectively. The application of empathetic engineering is carried out by the researcher for establishing a self-sufficiency program that meant to ensure food security for a middle eastern country over a period of three years. The program covered all the farms and gardens in the specified country. The empathetic assessment helped to optimise the designing process and the integration of different jobs through understanding the best alternatives in structuring the organisation. The country benefited from establishing an integrated system and a greener economy intention that would influence the GDP and develop the country’s business model in relevance to food security. The outcome of the empathetic engineering is discussed in relevance on how it created more society development, causing better resilient cost centre business models that are independent of government support yet competitive and productive.
ISAR High-Resolution Imaging ofSparse Aperture

An algorithm for estimating full aperture by sparse data is proposed in this paper. For big vacant aperture in sparse data, by measuring sparse data actually, accurate sparse data frequency domain energy distribution estimate can be obtained with parametric approaches. With estimated power spectrum as prior information, minimum weighted norm as the restraint, underdetermined equations are solved to interpolate vacant aperture, thus wide aperture data segment estimate is obtained. This algorithm can be effectively applied to ISAR imaging in sparse data. Resulting simulation and actual data processing results confirm validity of the proposed algorithm
Communicating spatial information via a multimedia-auditory interface

This paper describes experiments in auditory information processing. These experiments investigated the possibility of utilising structured auditory stimuli (environmental and musical) to communicate information about the layout of a building. For example, auditory stimuli communicated the number of levels (or floors), location of rooms, hallways, sections and types of access (windows or doors). The results of our investigation suggest that it is possible to communicate building layout using auditory stimuli. These findings have particular implications for visually impaired users and for user interfaces or multimedia systems, which need to rely on auditory stimuli as an output mode. There is evidence to suggest that the use of environmental sounds or auditory icons are particularly effective. The importance of considering the characteristics of the problem domain and their relations to each other as well as the allocation of suitable media appear to aid consistency in a multimedia-auditory design. The issues of structure, classification and presentation are also underlined as part of the design process.
How practitioners (and others) can make scientifically viable contributions to clinical-outcome research using the single-case time-series design

Abstract Although clinicians typically possess considerable interest in research, especially about which interventions do and do not work, all too often they dismiss the notion that they themselves can make viable scientific contributions to the outcome literature. This derives from an unfortunate assumption that the only true experiment is a between-groups experiment. There is another form of true experiment that is perfectly compatible with real-world clinical practice: the single-case time-series design. Intensive and systematic tracking of one or a few patients over time can yield viable inferences about efficacy, effectiveness, and, under some circumstances, mechanism of change. This paper describes how clinicians working with hypnosis can carry out such research. The rationale and essential features of time-series studies are outlined; each design is illustrated with actual studies from the hypnosis literature; and new methods of statistical analysis, well within the statistical competence of practitioners, are described.