Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of the Conceptual Differentiation of Technology for Healthy Aging

Abstract Background and Objectives With the emergence of healthy aging as a key societal issue in recent decades, technology has often been proposed as a solution to the challenges faced by aging societies. From a public health perspective, however, aging-related technologies have been inconsistently conceptualized and ill-defined. By examining how relevant concepts in “technology for aging” have been developed to date, we hope to identify gaps and begin clarifying the topic. Research Design and Methods We conducted a scoping review according to PRISMA-ScR, drawing on PubMed and Embase. We selected articles that directly reported concepts of technology for aging, or from which such concepts could be inferred. Results We identified 43 articles, most of which were narrative reviews (n = 31). Concepts of technology for aging were presented in diverse ways with some overlap. Most studies provided some terminology (n = 36), but with little conceptual uniformity. Conceptual discourse was often focused on the aging agenda; while technological aspects were poorly defined. A conceptual framework from a public health perspective was derived from 8 articles—it showed that technology strategies do not take a population approach. Discussion and Implications While the potential of “technology for aging” is vast, its real capacity to deliver a desirable life for older people remains underdeveloped. Clearer concepts and realistic goals at population level are lacking. Efficient investment must be made throughout the social system, and technology needs to be integrated via macro-level practices.
Rapid Detection Methods for Bacterial Pathogens in Ambient Waters at the Point of Sample Collection: A Brief Review

Abstract The world is currently facing a serious health burden of waterborne diseases, including diarrhea, gastrointestinal diseases, and systemic illnesses. The control of these infectious diseases ultimately depends on the access to safe drinking water, properly managed sanitation, and hygiene practices. Therefore, ultrasensitive, rapid, and specific monitoring platforms for bacterial pathogens in ambient waters at the point of sample collection are urgently needed. We conducted a literature review on state-of-the-art research of rapid in-field aquatic bacteria detection methods, including cell-based methods, nucleic acid amplification detection methods, and biosensors. The detection performance, the advantages, and the disadvantages of the technologies are critically discussed. We envision that promising monitoring approaches should be automated, real-time, and target-multiplexed, thus allowing comprehensive evaluation of exposure risks attributable to waterborne pathogens and even emerging microbial contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes, which leads to better protection of public health.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas)

Horseshoe crabs, represented by only four extant species, have existed for around 500 million years. However, their existence is now under threat because of anthropogenic activities. The availability of genomic resources for these species will be valuable in planning appropriate conservation measures. Whole‐genome sequences are currently available for three species. In this study, we have generated a chromosome‐level genome assembly of the fourth species, the Asian coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas; genome size 2.0 Gb). The genome assembly has a scaffold N50 value of 140 Mb with ~97% of the assembly mapped to 14 scaffolds representing 14 chromosomes of T. gigas. In addition, we have generated the complete mitochondrial genome sequence and deep‐coverage transcriptome assemblies for four tissues. A total of 26,159 protein‐coding genes were predicted in the genome. The T. gigas genome contains five Hox clusters similar to the mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda), suggesting that the common ancestor of horseshoe crabs already possessed five Hox clusters. Phylogenomic and divergence time analysis suggested that the American and Asian horseshoe crab lineages shared a common ancestor around the Silurian period (~436 Ma). Comparison of the T. gigas genome with those of other horseshoe crab species with chromosome‐level assemblies provided insights into the chromosomal rearrangement events that occurred during the emergence of these species. The genomic resources of T. gigas will be useful for understanding their genetic diversity and population structure and would help in designing strategies for managing and conserving their stocks across Asia.
Two Rat Middle-Piece Coating Antigens Are Lost upon in vitro Capacitation

The rat sperm-binding antigen, CFS, contains two subunits, RSV IV and RSV V. Sperm-bound RSV IV was previously detected using anti-RSV IV antibodies, while the presence of RSV V on the cell surface was doubtful. The RSV V subunit was purified from rat seminal vesicle secretion by gel filtration and ionic exchange chromatography. Rabbit polyclonal mono-specific antibodies against either RSV IV or RSV V were used to monitor the binding of the CFS complex onto the rat spermatozoa in indirect immunofluorescence experiments with FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Caudal epididymal spermatozoa were incubated in vitro with CFS and evidence of the presence of both subunits on the cell surface was obtained as the heterodimeric sperm-coating antigen was detected on the whole tail. Restriction of the CFS binding sites to the middle-piece surface domain of ejaculated spermatozoa was observed. In addition, release of CFS from this plasma membrane region was observed after in vitro capacitation. The localization of CFS before capacitation and its absence from the sperm surface after capacitation are compatible with a role of this factor as an inhibitor of motility in rat decapacitation.
Use of Ultrasound to Determine Changes in Diaphragm Mechanics During A Spontaneous Breathing Trial

Objective: Assess change in ultrasound measures of diaphragm mechanics over the course of a 30-minute spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Single intensive care unit (Logan Hospital, Queensland, Australia), patients recruited from August 2016 to April 2018. Participants: Eligible patients were over the age of 18 years, ventilated for >24 hours, and planned to undergo an SBT. In total, 129 patients were screened. Main outcome measures: Ultrasound measures taken at 5 and 30 minutes during SBT: diaphragmatic excursion (DE), diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF), and diaphragmatic contraction speed (DCS). Diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index (DRSBI) was calculated using DE/respiratory rate. The presence of diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) was also determined using DTF < 30%, DE < 11 mm, or DRSBI > 1.6. Results: Eighteen patients had ultrasound measures during an SBT. Four were unable to have DTF visualized. There was no significant change in DTF (n = 14, 32.41 ± 32.21 vs 23.19 ± 17.42, P = .33) or DE (n = 18, 1.72 ± 0.63 vs 1.66 ± 0.59, P = .63) over time. Diaphragmatic contraction speed increased over time (n = 18, 2.21 ± 1.25 vs 2.67 ± 1.61, P = .007). Diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index worsened over time (n = 18, 1.65 ± 1.02 vs 2.08 ± 1.51, P = .03). There was no significant change in the presence of DD. Diaphragmatic dysfunction by DTF 8/14 versus 10/14, by DE 4/18 versus 3/18, and by DRSBI 7/18 versus 9/18. No patients failed SBT and one patient failed extubation. Conclusions: Diaphragmatic mechanics may change over the course of an SBT. Further research is required to determine the clinical implications of these changes and the optimal timing of diaphragmatic ultrasound to predict weaning outcome. Diaphragmatic ultrasound may be less feasible than the published data suggest.
Assessing the Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Serological Detection of Bovine Babesiosis in Uganda

In Uganda, bovine babesiosis continues to cause losses to the livestock industry because of shortages of cheap, quick, and reliable diagnostic tools to guide prescription measures. In this study, the presence of antibodies to Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in 401 bovine blood samples obtained from eastern and central areas of Uganda were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunochromatographic test strips (ICTs). The ELISA and ICT test used targeted the B. bigemina C-terminal rhoptry-associated protein (RAP-1/CT17) and B. bovis spherical body protein-4 (SPB-4). Using ELISA, single-ICT and dual-ICT, positive samples for B. bovis were detected in 25 (6.2%), 17 (4.3%), and 14 (3.7%) samples respectively, and positive samples for B. bigemina were detected in 34 (8.4%), 27 (6.7%), and 25 (6.2%), respectively. Additionally, a total of 13 animals (3.2%) had a mixed infection. The correlation between ELISA and single-ICT strips results revealed slight agreement with kappa values ranging from 0.088 to 0.191 between both methods, while the comparison between dual-ICT and single-ICT results showed very good agreement with kappa values >0.80. This study documented the seroprevalence of bovine babesiosis in central and eastern Uganda, and showed that ICT could, after further optimization, be a useful rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of bovine babesiosis in field settings.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Aurora A and ERK Pathway in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Correspondence to: Dr. Jing Xiao, School of Stomatology of Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Southern Route, Lvshun, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China. E-mail: dalianxiaojing@163.com Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of human cancer in the world. Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is the most commonly diagnosed premalignant lesion in the oral cavity and it is also most associated with the development of OSCC. However, the mechanism of malignant transformation from OLK to OSCC is not completely understood. In this study, we attempted to evaluate expression of Aurora A and the main effectors in the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in OSCC and OLK clinical tissues. Protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical technology in 25 tissue samples of OLK and 21 OSCC clinical tumor specimens. Upon analyzing the levels of Aurora A, phospho-MEK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2, a remarked increase was observed in tumors compared to OLK tissues. No statistically significant difference between tumor and OLK tissues was found for pRaf-1 S259 and ERK1/2. These results suggest that the increase in Aurora A, phospho-MEK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 expression was closely correlated with malignant transformation of OLK. Furthermore, Aurora A, phospho-MEK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 might be coordinated for valuable prognostic indicators of malignant transformation of OLK. In addition, more than 50% pERK1/2 immunopositive cells appears to be a good cut off value to predict the malignant transformation of OLK.
Achievements and Prospects of Wheat Breeding for Disease Resistance

Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance in the world and in the Czech Republic are reviewed. Attention is paid to rusts, powdery mildew, leaf blotch, glume blotch, tan spot, fusarium head blight, common and dwarf bunt, eyespot, barley yellow dwarf virus on wheat and wheat dwarf virus. Genes for resistance to rusts and powdery mildew in the cultivars registered in the Czech Republic are listed. Promising resistance genes and sources of resistance to th e above mentioned diseases are reviewed. Prospects of resistance breeding including application of methods of molecular genetics and development of synthetic hexaploids are outlined.
The role of pheromones in freshwater fishes

The study of fish pheromones is particularly relevant because of the conserved nature of chemoreception in vertebrates. However, most fish pheromone systems remain unstudied. All the major known pheromones of freshwater fish and their associated behaviours were reviewed. Importantly, those studies that have demonstrated the connection between behaviour and pheromones in freshwater fishes have resulted in a wide range of applications in management. For example, pheromones released by the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus have a practical function in pheromone traps, showing how chemical communication can be used in the management of invasive species. Future research on fish pheromones should include olfactory systems in a wider range of species testing the possibility that a few distinct models could be applied to the all fishes. Progress in research on fish pheromones should include a closer collaboration with other research fields such as evolutionary biology to allow a better understanding of fish pheromones systems divergence and mate selection where correlation between phenotypic dominance and pheromone production is still largely ignored. Finally, the example of pheromone interaction between an invasive species topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva and a native endangered species sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus is provided to illustrate the concept of pheromone pollution that assists its establishment in a novel ecosystem.
Growth and feeding in juvenile triploid and diploid blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814), at two temperatures

Growth and feeding of juvenile triploid and diploid blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814) were investigated at two temperatures of 17 and 21°C over a 50-day period. There were no differences in growth between triploid and diploid abalone as measured by shell length and body weight. Both triploid and diploid abalone increased in length but not in weight at 21°C. Condition indices were similar for triploid abalone maintained at both temperatures; however, those for diploid abalone were significantly higher at 17°C than at 21°C. Food intake was significantly greater yet feed conversion efficiency was significantly lower in triploid than in diploid abalone. Both the feeding variables were independent of temperature. On average, diploid abalone were able to convert 1g of dry food ingested to 0.58g of body weight, but triploid abalone only 0.44g.
Improving Temporal Stability and Accuracy for Endoscopic Video Tissue Classification Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Early Barrett’s neoplasia are often missed due to subtle visual features and inexperience of the non-expert endoscopist with such lesions. While promising results have been reported on the automated detection of this type of early cancer in still endoscopic images, video-based detection using the temporal domain is still open. The temporally stable nature of video data in endoscopic examinations enables to develop a framework that can diagnose the imaged tissue class over time, thereby yielding a more robust and improved model for spatial predictions. We show that the introduction of Recurrent Neural Network nodes offers a more stable and accurate model for tissue classification, compared to classification on individual images. We have developed a customized Resnet18 feature extractor with four types of classifiers: Fully Connected (FC), Fully Connected with an averaging filter (FC Avg (n = 5)), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Experimental results are based on 82 pullback videos of the esophagus with 46 high-grade dysplasia patients. Our results demonstrate that the LSTM classifier outperforms the FC, FC Avg (n = 5) and GRU classifier with an average accuracy of 85.9% compared to 82.2%, 83.0% and 85.6%, respectively. The benefit of our novel implementation for endoscopic tissue classification is the inclusion of spatio-temporal information for improved and robust decision making, and it is the first step towards full temporal learning of esophageal cancer detection in endoscopic video.
Yeast population dynamics in five spontaneous fermentations of Malvasia must

Abstract The dynamics of the wine yeast strains presented in five spontaneous Malvasia wine fermentations have been studied. Samples were analysed for their microbiological characteristics and chemical substances. All 937 isolates were characterized using electrophoretic karyotyping and tested for their killer activity. The non- Saccharomyces population was identified using a combination of PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA spacer region and physiological testing. The total yeast population level in the must after sedimentation was 10 5 cfu ml −1 and included the following genera: Candida, Metschnikowia, Hanseniaspora, Rhodotorula, Issatchenkia and Debaryomyces . However, Saccharomyces sp. was not detected in fresh must samples plated on YEPD medium. Based on the chromosome length polymorphism among 649 isolates from the subsequent phases of fermentation, 46 different electrophoretic patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were distinguished. The most abundant karyotypes were L 1 , L 4 , L 12 , P 6 . A sequential substitution of S. cerevisiae strains occurred during the different phases of fermentation. At the slow fermentation rate, karyotype L 4 was most abundant in almost all fermenters. At the beginning of the tumultuous fermentation phase, the most frequent karyotype became L 1 followed by karyotype L 4 . Finally, during the fermentation process, pattern L 4 was clearly replaced by karyotype L 1 followed by pattern L 12 . Despite the same fermentation source (grape must), differences among five spontaneous fermentations were observed. The population dynamics of S. cerevisiae yeasts, especially the dynamics of the major S. cerevisiae strains (L 1 , L 4 , and L 12 ) were quite similar in all five fermenters in opposite to the minor strains of S. cerevisiae .
A cytological and ultrastructural study of general resistance to the Late Blight fungus Phytophthora infestans in potato foliage

SummaryUsing both light and electron microscopy it has proved possible to evaluate the nature of general resistance to Late Blight in potato foliage. Evidence points to the existence of two distinct host responses operating in the cultivars Pimpernel and Shamrock, both possessing high general resistance to Phytophthora infestans. In Pimpernel resistance was primarily related to a marked reduction in epidermal cell penetration. However in Shamrock there was no reduction in cell penetration. Cytological and ultrastructural evidence indicated that here the primary event was a more rapid host response involving brown pigment formation and perhaps cell death. This usually resulted in the restriction of fungal growth to the epidermal cell layer, or the mesophyll cell layer immediately below it.
Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid

Seed germination is one of the most important stages during plant life cycle, and DOG1 (Delay of germination1) plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we have identified the DOG1-Like (DOG1L) family in soybean (Glycine max), a staple oil crop worldwide, and investigated their chromosomal distribution, structure and expression patterns. The results showed that the GmDOG1L family is composed of 40 members, which can be divided into six subgroups, according to their evolutionary relationship with other known DOG1-Like genes. These GmDOG1Ls are distributed on 18 of 20 chromosomes in the soybean genome and the number of exons for all the 40 GmDOG1Ls varied greatly. Members of the different subgroups possess a similar motif structure composition. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression patterns of different GmDOG1Ls were significantly altered in various tissues, and some GmDOG1Ls expressed primarily in soybean seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA) remarkably inhibited the expression of most of GmDOG1Ls, whereas Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited some of the GmDOG1Ls expression while promoting others. It is speculated that some GmDOG1Ls regulate seed dormancy and germination by directly or indirectly relating to ABA and GA pathways, with complex interaction networks. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigation about the regulatory roles of GmDOG1L family on soybean seed germination.
Validation of QTLs associated with yield and yield related traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A previous study conducted on a new plant type based recombinant inbred line mapping population derived from Pusa 1266 X Jaya identified nine major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) expressing across environments for nine yield and yield component traits. For utilization of the markers flanking the major QTLs for marker assisted improvement, we analyzed SSR markers flanking QTL regions in a set of 120 germplasm lines to find marker QTL association. Out of eighteen markers linked to nine QTLs representing nine traits, seven markers linked to six QTLs showed significant association with respective traits in germplasm lines. Two flanking markers, RM152 and RM25 linked to a QTL qDFF8-1 was significantly associated with days to 50% flowering at P≤0.01 level and explained 6% and 16% of phenotypic variation in the germplasm lines respectively. A QTL affecting panicles per plant (qPPP4-1) flanked by marker RM262 showed significant association in the germplasm lines. The genomic region showing pleiotropic effect on flag leaf width (qFLW4-2), spikelets per panicle (qSPP4-1), filled grains per panicle (qFGP4-2) and spikelet setting density (qSSD4-2) flanked by SSR marker RM3276 was significantly associated at P≤0.01 explaining 9%, 6%, 9% and 12% of phenotypic variation respectively in germplasm lines. The markers RM25, RM262 and RM3276 showing significant association of genomic region in germplasm lines can be utilized for marker assisted improvement of the component traits of yield in rice.
Lipid Oxidation in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Impact of Molecular Environment on Chemical Reactions in Heterogeneous Food Systems

: The susceptibility of lipids to oxidation is a major cause of quality deterioration in food emulsions. The reaction mechanism and factors that influence oxidation are appreciably different for emulsified lipids than for bulk lipids. This article reviews the current understanding of the lipid oxidation mechanism in oil-in-water emulsions. It also discusses the major factors that influence the rate of lipid oxidation in emulsions, such as antioxidants, chelating agents, ingredient purity, ingredient partitioning, interfacial characteristics, droplet characteristics, and ingredient interactions. This knowledge is then used to define effective strategies for controlling lipid oxidation in food emulsions.