Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rituximab in practice: Clinical evaluation of patients with pemphigus after rituximab administration

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease, which mainly causes mucosal and/or cutaneous lesions. In June 2018, FDA approved Rituximab (RTX)—a B‐cell depleting agent—for the management of patients with moderate‐to‐severe pemphigus. Although the majority of patients respond well to this drug, some do not reach complete remission with a single cycle of RTX. In this review, following an overview of RTX and its clinical outcomes, we have focused on the possible outcomes after RTX therapy in patients with PV. The response is defined into four main categories; complete responders, partial responders, nonresponders, and paradoxical reactions, based on three possibilities of reaching the consolidation phase after 3 months, reaching remission until 6 months, and the ability of corticosteroid tapering in 6 months after RTX administration. Concerning the safety of RTX, three categories of infusion reactions, short and long‐term side effects are discussed. Additionally, we have suggested approaches for the evaluation of clinical and serological responses at different critical time‐points, including 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after RTX administration. Finally, available markers to predict the response to RTX and research gaps in the field of RTX therapy have been summarized.
VANILLIN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Vanillin is the chief constituent of the vanilla bean extract obtained from the seed pods of Vanillus planifolia belonging to the family Orchidaceae. Nowadays, synthetic vanillin is being preferred as a flavouring agent in foods, beverages and pharmaceuticals. Chemically, it is a phenolic aldehyde with the molecular formula C8H8O3. Over years it has been used as a flavor in sweet foods like chocolates & ice creams, in cosmetics like perfumes, and in pharmaceuticals to mask the unpleasant odor and tastes in medicines. Also, vanillin-HCl is extensively used a visualizing agent in Thin Layer Chromatography. Quite recently, vanillin has been studied by researchers all over the world for its pharmacological effects. The compound has exhibited remarkable effects in treatment and management of several pathological conditions. This review focuses on the different reported pharmacological activities of vanillin.
RESPONSE OF DATURA PLANT GROWN ON DIFFERENT SPACING TO MINERAL, ORGANIC AND NANO- FERTILIZERS

The study aims to increase the active substance of the Datura plant grown at different distances by using organic and nanomaterials instead of mineral fertilizer or part of it. The field experiment was carried out in the experimental station of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad during the two summer seasons of 2018 and 2019, following the Randomized Complete Block Design and three replicates. The study consisted of two factors: the first factor is fertilization factors, the addition of mineral fertilizer N, P and K according to the recommendations, and the spraying of organic fertilizer and nano-fertilization, adding 50% of the recommendation to N, P and mineral K + organic and adding 50% of the recommendation to N and Mineral P and K + nano particles + organic spray + nano particles and adding 50% of the recommendation to N, P and mineral K + organic + nano particles, these treatment occupied the main plots, the second factor the distances between planting (50, 60 and 70 cm) these treatment occupied the sub-plots. The results showed that there were significant differences between fertilization treatments in the studied characteristics, fertilization treatment was superior to adding 50% of the recommendation to NPK + organic spray + nanoparticle in the capacity of the number of branches (22.72 and 24.75) and the number of leaves (101.40 and (106.41) and the percentage of nitrogen in the leaves) 3.02 and (3.27%) and the percentage of phosphorus in the leaves (0.59 and 0.53%) and the dry weight of the leaves (35.89 and 38.89 g plant) which resulted in an increase in the yield of the leaves (809.90 and 877.32 kg h), which was reflected in the increase in the percentage of alkaloids in the leaves (5.32 and (5.69%). The distance is 70 cm between plants significantly superior and gave the highest averages in the number of branches (23.15 and 25.01), the number of leaves (101.89 and (105.06), the percentage of nitrogen (2.76 and 2.97), phosphorus (0.64 and 0.57%) in leaves and the dry weight of the leaves (34.34 and 37.65 gm plants) which resulted in an increase in the percentage of alkaloids in the leaves (4.90 and 5.19%), while the distance of 50 cm between the plants significantly superior in the highest yield of leaves (879.94 and 950.90 kg h). The results indicated that there was a significant interaction between the fertilization factors and the distances between plants in the studied characteristics. This indicates the different response of the datura to the fertilization factors according to the different distances between plants.
Emulsion Liquid Membrane for the Recovery Chromium (VI) from Effluents Using Monosuccimide and Bisuccimide as Surfactant

An emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process is being developed for application to many industrial waste treatment problems. Using the ELM technique to remove chromium (VI) from electroplating effluent with the objective of reducing levels to below allowable discharge limits was investigated. In this work, tertiary amine N7301 was chosen as a carrier. In establishing a mental recovery process using ELM, the choice of a suitable surfactant is a key factor. Monosuccimide L113A, bissuccimide L113B, and Span 80—three surfactants—were examined. The emulsion made of L113A or L113B had a good efficiency in removal of chromium (VI) from electroplating effluent and were stable, which could still attainted a reasonable result after 60 days of being made. The electroplating effluents were treated with the emulsion made of L113A or L113B. A total of 184 mg Cr/L in the effluent decreased to 0.35 mg Cr/L in one run, and 673 mg Cr/L reduced to 0.25 mg Cr/L by using a two-stage process. The concentration of chromium (VI) in internal phase could reached 8 g/L, which could be reused directly.
BIODETERIORATION OF LIBRARY MATERIALS DISINFECTION METHODS AND NEW ALTERNATIVES

Resume Une analyse comparative des divers fongicides utilisees pour la preservation et la restauration a ete reallsee Les demarches experimentales ont ete fondees sur I'isolement, I'identification et I'inoculation de micro-organismes trouves sur le papier, le parchemin et des echantillons de microfilms Les experiences ont ete realisees en examinant divers facteurs comme le pH de chaque support et I'humidite relative d'echantillon.s inocules et non-inocules En outre, divers produits biocides, y compris I'oxyde d'ethylene. ont ete analysee, et certaines autres solutions comme les rayons gamma sont aussi a I'etude Ce travail examine I'efficacite des produits utilises pour le traitement de materiaux de bibliotheques deteriores.
Economic evaluation of interventions to address undernutrition: a systematic review

Abstract Strategies to address undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) include various interventions implemented through different sectors of the economy. Our aim is to provide an overview of published economic evaluations of such interventions and to compare and contrast evaluations of interventions in different areas. We reviewed economic evaluations of nutrition interventions in LMICs published since 2015 and/or included in the Tufts Global registry or Disease Control Priorities 3rd edition. We categorized the studies by intervention type (preventive; therapeutic; fortification; delivery platforms), nutritional deficiency addressed and characteristics of the economic evaluation (e.g. type of model, costs and outcomes included). Of the 62 economic evaluations identified, 56 (90%) were cost-effectiveness analyses. Twenty-two (36%) evaluations investigated fortification and 23 (37%) preventive interventions. Forty-three percent of the evaluations of preventive interventions did not include a model, whereas most of fortification strategies used the same reference model. We identified different trends in cost categories and inclusion of health and non-health outcomes across evaluations in the four different topic areas. To illustrate the implications of such trends for decision-making, we compared a set of studies evaluating alternative strategies to combat zinc deficiency. We showed that the use of ‘off-the-shelf’ models and tools can potentially conceal what outcomes and costs and value judgements are used. Comparing interventions across different areas is fundamental to assist decision-makers in developing their nutrition strategy. Systematic differences in the economic evaluations of interventions delivered within and outside the health sector can undermine the ability to prioritize alternative nutrition strategies.
Investigation and characterization of TiO2-TFC nanocomposite membranes; membrane preparation and UV studies

The purpose of this study was to compare the presence or absence of UV irradiation on the separation performance and morphology of the TiO2-assembled thin film membranes (in different concentrations). Furthermore, an attempt was made to show and compare the effect of the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous and organic phases during the interfacial polymerization process. SEM, zeta potential, water contact angle, and other characterization methods like the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), as well as antifouling measurements and the separation ability tests were utilized to characterize the thin layer properties. SEM images showed an integrated distribution of the nanoparticles under the PA skin layers. The rejection capability against the sugars was increased with the growth of TiO2 concentration in the absence of UV. Accordingly, the MWCO of the membranes changed from 420 Da to less than 150 Da. In this case, the flux recovery ratio significantly enhanced while the surface negative charge increased. On the other hand, the membrane pore sizes increased under UV irradiation. Changes in flux and separation performance were significant and considerable during the lack of UV irradiation in comparison with using UV.
Rapid, non-destructive evaluation of ultrathin WSe2 using spectroscopic ellipsometry

The utilization of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) in electronic and optoelectronic devices depends on the ability to understand and control the process-property relationship during synthesis. We demonstrate that spectroscopic ellipsometry is an excellent technique for accurate, non-destructive determination of ultra-thin (<30 nm) WSe2 properties. The refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were found to be independent of thickness down to 1.3 nm, and were used to determine film thickness, which was confirmed to be within 9% of values found via atomic force microscopy. Finally, the optical bandgap was found to closely correlate with thickness, ranging from 1.2 to 1.55 eV as the WSe2 is thinned to the equivalent of 2 atomic layers.
Nanocrystal Self-Assemblies: Fabrication and Collective Properties

In this feature article, the methods of obtaining various mesostructures made of nanocrystals are described. With silver and silver sulfide, the nanocrystals are able to self organize in 2D and 3D super lattices to form “supra” crystals. With cobalt and ferrites nanocrystals, it has been possible to make ribbons, dots, or labyrinths. These mesostructures present new physical properties differing from those of the isolated nanocrystal and from those of the bulk phase. Collective optical, magnetic, and transport properties are demonstrated. By applying a magnetic field during the deposition process of nanocrystals, the easy axes of the particles are oriented along the direction of the applied field, inducing again the collective magnetic properties.
Enhanced Removal of Cu(II) by Photocatalytic Reduction Using Maghemite PVA-Alginate Separable Beads: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

The feasibility of Cu(II) removal by photoreduction using maghemite polyvinylalcohol-alginate beads was investigated. Photoreduction experiments were performed to investigate the influence of initial concentration and pH on the removal of copper(II) metallic ions. The fate of Cu(II) during the photoreduction process was investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed that the Cu(II) removal rate was faster under sunlight than without sunlight due to the reduction process of Cu(II) to Cu(I). The photoreduction results showed that the adsorption of Cu(II) ions followed a Langmuir Hinshelwood model with the photoreduction rate constant and adsorption coefficient values of 24.1 ppm/min and 0.0098 ppm−1, respectively.
Study of acoustical properties of supercritical carbon dioxide using liquid acoustical theory

Molar sound velocity, molar adiabatic compressibility and Van der Waals constant of gaseons, liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide at different temperature and pressure are calculated using liquid acoustical models and data of sound velocity, density, molar volume and adiabatic compressibility of carbon dioxide provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. The results show that the liquid acoustical models can be used in study acoustical property of supercritical carbon dioxide in wide ranges of temperature and pressure. The surface tension, conglutination and diffusivity at different temperatures and pressures are calculated. And the mutative rules of these physical quantities are analyzed. The data can provide reference for supercritical liquid technique.
Rhythm Classification of 12-Lead ECGs Using Deep Neural Networks and Class-Activation Maps for Improved Explainability

As part of the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020, we developed a model for multilabel classification of 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) data according to specified cardiac abnormalities. Our team, LaussenLabs, developed a novel classifier pipeline with 6 core features (1) the addition of r-peak, p-wave, and t-wave features that were input into the model along with the 12-lead data, (2) data augmentation, (3) competition metric hacking, (4) modified WaveNet architecture, (5) Sigmoid threshold tuning, and (6) model stacking. Our approach received a score of 0.63 using 6-fold cross-validation on the full training data. Unfortunately, our model was unable to run on the test dataset due to time constraints, therefore, our model's final test score is undetermined.
ASSESSMENT OF SOME PLANT INSECTICIDES AS CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED BY GRAIN MERCHANTS IN AKURE METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA. *Ileke, K. D. and Dare, T. I

This study examined the knowledge and practice of food grain storage and pest management by traders' in markets in Akure metropolis Ondo State, Nigeria between February and May, 2018. Storage facilities, pest problems and the controls adopted by merchants were also investigated. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed in selecting grain merchants in five different markets (Erekesan, Arakale, Isikan, Orita guru and FUTA off campus markets). Descriptive statistics was used to explain the socio-economic characteristics and trading activities of the merchants. The results showed that 16.67%, 3.33%, 5%, 41.67% and 33.33% of the merchant had no formal education, adult literacy, primary, secondary and tertiary education, respectively. Attack by insect pests was mostly on cowpeas and maize. Although the traders generally observed moderate pest infestation in millet, while infestations of cowpea and maize grains were severe. Insect pests found by the traders attacking stored cereal grains and pulses are Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophiluszeamais, and S.oryzea. 50%of the traders applied pesticides to protect stored food grains and control pest infestation; 41.67% used botanicals like dried pepper, Alligator pepper, neem seeds, cheese wood, Monodora myristica and Pipper guinenese. The study of some of the control measure (botanicals) adopted by the merchants showed some level of potency against all the tested insect pests. The botanicals (P. guineense, M. myristica, Capsicum frutescens, C. annum and A. melegueta) can be utilized as potential substitute to synthetic insecticides for the management of S. zeamais, S. oryzae and C. maculatus infestation on stored products as a result of high mortality of adult insects observed.
THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS AKOKA-LAGOS, NIGERIA

The Nigerian education system has come under severe criticisms for lacking what could really be called a philosophy of education. While some argue that the present system could not have emerged without a particular philosophy reinforcing it, even if this philosophy is weak, some others contend that the way education has been run in the nation goads one to cast doubts on the existence of any philosophy. This paper contends that the debate should not center on whether the education system is underpinned by a philosophy or not, but on the level ofphilosophical veracity in the system. It thus submits that while it could be said that Nigerian system of education is anchored by an eclectic philosophy, which is the right philosophy needed for any nation with cultural multiplicity and diversity such as Nigeria, this philosophy however will be better if it is structured to give room for consistencies and coherencies in its blend of inputs from various genres of philosophies so that it becomes possible for the emerged brand of philosophy to generate coherencies and clear direction, and thus foster a synergy between Nigeria's social ideology and her system of education.
Dietary uptake and biotransformation of Phthalate esters in Staghorn sculpin

Phthalate esters (PEs) are a group of orbat& chemicals used mainly as plasticizers. Due to their widespread use and their ability to leach from various products, PEs are considered ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Phthalate di-esters (DPEs) and their mono-ester metabolites (MPEs) have been linked to a variety of toxic effects, including endocrine disruption. Despite a wide range of Kows, previous work has shown that DPEs do not biomagnify in marine food webs. Biotransformation is believed to limit DPE bioaccumulation, but the specific role of metabolism in limiting DPE accumulation via the diet is not well understood. This study examines the dietary uptake and biotransformation of phthalate esters in Staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus). Sculpin were fed a diet containing DPEs and PCBs, and PCBs, DPEs and MPE metabolites were measured in the food, stomach, intestine, liver and muscle tissue over time. Results show that phthalate di-esters are extensively metabolized to phthalate mono--&--:&L--. IL~r + r . m m n k -A un+ne+anee i i i r i ~ teinn nrsrii~nic h m i \ h t a a n ihp "I I i nrlri t . 3 L G I 3 11 1 11 I= 3bUlplll J L u 1 1 law 1 UI IU 11 l r r y r a s mvv. u m m m u u # v n I y m . ~ . ~ . -. -. -. --. , 3--"internal tissues indicate the potential for both DPE and MPE dietary uptake. Significant increases of DMP, BBP, DnOP and MEHP above background levels were measured in sculpin tissues over time, but steady state concentrations remained low. Significant dietary uptake was not detected for all other DPE and MPE congeners. DPEs did not biomagnify. Gut metabolism appears to reduce the dietary uptake of phthalate di-esters and is believed to explain the lack of DPE biomagnification observed in marine food webs. However, un-metabolized DPEs and the MPEs produced by gut metabolism may still be absorbed across the gut wall. DPE and MPE absorption may be balanced by rapid elimination to produce the low steady state levels observed in the tissues. The gross flux of DPEs and MPEs across the gut wall may therefore be relatively high. Four mid-Kow MPEs (MBP, MBzP, MEHP and MOP) were detected in fish tissues (liver and muscle). For these congeners, MPEs & DPEs were found at relatively equal concentrations in sculpin muscle. Similar patterns may exist in wild fish. iii
Cathodic arc plasma deposition

Cathodic arc plasma deposition is one of oldest coatings technologies. Over the last two decades it has become the technology of choice for hard, wear resistant coatings on cutting and forming tools, corrosion resistant and decorative coatings on door knobs, shower heads, jewelry, and many other substrates. The history, basic physics of cathodic arc operation, the infamous macroparticle problem and common filter solutions are reviewed. Cathodic arc plasmas stand out due to their high degree of ionization, with important consequences for film nucleation, growth, and efficient utilization of substrate bias. The overview concludes with a compilation of typical applications and coating materials. Introduction Cathodic arc plasma deposition is one of the oldest and one of the most modern, emerging technologies. This is an apparently contradictory statement. I will span a view from reaching more than a century ago to recent research in the hope to transpire some excitement and background knowledge. Although cathodic arc plasma deposition belongs to the family of physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, I deliberately called it plasma deposition to emphasize an important feature: energetic condensation from plasma ions, as opposed to condensation of atoms from the vapor phase. The synthesis of films from ions, each carrying substantial kinetic and potential energy, can lead to film properties that are unique. As the name suggests, cathodic arcs are determined by cathode processes. Indeed, cathode processes are quite different than one is used to from other, more “moderate” forms of discharges. Current densities, and associated power densities at cathode spots are extremely high, and this is true despite the characteristic low cathode fall voltage of typically 20 Volts. The electron emission processes involve violent, nonstationary phases, leading to the destruction of the electron emission center. The phase transition from the solid cathode material to plasma is precisely what enables operation of the arc discharge and what makes cathodic arcs plasma deposition possible. In the literature, the reader may have come across the terms “vacuum arcs” and “cathodic arcs” and wonder what the differences are, if any. As Lafferty pointed out [1], the term “vacuum arc” is an oxymoron: if there is an arc there is no vacuum, and where vacuum is there is no arc. The term “vacuum arc” implies that there was vacuum between electrodes before and after the arc discharge. The instantaneous plasma