Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Over-Accountability

Although ensuring the “accountability” of agents to their principals is widely considered a core objective of institutional design, recent work in political economy has identified and elucidated an important class of situations in which effective accountability mechanisms can decrease, rather than increase, an agent’s likelihood of acting in her principal’s interests. The problem, which we call “over-accountability,” is essentially an information problem: sometimes even a fully rational but imperfectly informed principal (e.g., the citizens) will reward “bad” actions rather than “good” actions by an agent (e.g. the President). In these cases, not only do accountability mechanisms fail to remedy the agency problem inherent in representative government, they actually make the problem worse. This Article offers a conceptual and empirical overview of over-accountability problems, and also considers a range of potential solutions. By surveying both the distortions themselves and a range of possible responses, this article aspires to assist both public law scholars and institutional reformers in producing more effective solutions.
Structuring, Bundling but Leveraging? Impact of Performance on Resource Management

How do owner-managers transform resources to create value? Recent work on the framework of resource management—a firm’s ability to structure, bundle, and leverage resources—has enhanced the resource-based theory (RBT) of the firm by incorporating testability and measurability and stressing the importance of properly mobilizing the available resources for success—as opposed to simply possessing them. This paper advances our understanding of RBT by investigating the underlying mechanisms through which owner-managers are able to acquire and utilize resources. To do so, it uses the period following a successful event in the context of creative industries. I employ novel measurements and causal empirical identification through difference-in-differences estimations to show that there are systematic differences in resource management abilities of owner-managers with and without connections to established families in creative industries. In particular, following a successful project, owner-managers with family relations have much better access to creative human capital and also exhibit resource divestiture with respect to team size. Also, while family related owners leverage the available resources, to focus more on quality, high performing owner-managers are focused on the mass appeal of the product. Implications and future directions for RBT are discussed.
Banking Breakthrough in Improving Customer Experience With Self-Service Technology

The largest private bank in Indonesia mostly establishes the digitalization trend. Its latest digital product is a self-service technology called Customer Service Digital. It is a self-service kiosk machine projected to replace conventional customer service. Given that investments in these systems' development are incredibly high, knowledge of which factors affect individuals' intentions to use this machine can be of great importance. This study used the UTAUT model (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) to combine the trust model. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 252 respondents who are customers of private banks in Indonesia. The empirical research results indicated that some components of the UTAUT model, together with trust, have a statistically significant influence on the intention to use customer service digital machines. This paper also gains new insights regarding the intention of using Customer Service Digital in Indonesia private banks that can serve for managerial purposes.
소비자의 투자자문서비스 만족과 전환의도에 관한 연구(Consumer Satisfaction and Switching Intentions in the Investment Advisory Services Market in Korea)

<b>Korean Abstract:</b>본 연구는 한국소비자원의 ｢2017 소비자시장평가지표｣ 중 투자자문 서비스 부문 원자 료(N=1,000)를 활용하여, 투자자문서비스의 속성과 서비스만족 사이의 관계를 살펴보<br>고, 소비자의 전환의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 주 요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 투자자문서비스 시장에서 소비자가 체감하는 서비스만족 수준은 10점 만점에 평 균 8.26점으로 양호한 수준이었다. 세부적인 선택 속성의 평균 점수는 비교용이성 8.35점, 신뢰성 8.28점, 가격만족도 8.06점 순으로 나타났다. 투자자문서비스 시장 환경의 소비자지 향성을 의미하는 외부환경요인의 수준은 선택가능성이 8.45점, 전환용이성이 8.06점이었다. 둘째, 투자자문서비스의 속성은 소비자의 기대대비 만족 수준에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치고 있었다. 영향력의 상대적인 크기는 신뢰성, 비교용이성, 가격만족도의 순으로 높 게 나타났다. 덧붙여, 소비자문제 경험은 소비자의 기대대비 만족에 유의마한 부적 영향 을 미치고 있었다. 셋째, 투자자문서비스 시장의 외부적 환경요인에 해당하는 전환용이성과 선택가능성이 소비자의 전환의도 형성에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 전환용이성은 소비자의 전환의도 형성에 독립변수로서 강력하고 직접적인 정적 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 선 택가능성 변수의 경우, 영향력의 크기는 작은 편이었으나 전환용이성과 달리 기대대비 만족과 전환의도 사이에서 유사조절변수로 기능하고 있었다. 예상과 달리 기대대비 만족 은 비록 영향력의 상대적인 크기는 작은 편이었지만, 전환의도에 정적으로 유의하게 작 용하고 있었다. 즉, 투자자문서비스를 이용한 경험이 있는 소비자들은 기존에 이용한 서 비스에 기대대비 만족하였더라도 시장에서 선택 가능한 다른 유형의 다른 상담․자문 서비스가 있다면 이용해보고 싶어 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이상의 분석 결과를 바탕으로 소비자의 서비스만족 증진을 위해 신뢰성과 정보의 비교용이성 및 가격만족도를 증진시킬 것과 선택 가능한 대안의 확대를 통한 투 자자문서비스 시장 전체의 성장을 도모할 것을 제안하였다. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting consumer satisfaction and switching intentions in the investment advisory services market. For this, 2017 Consumer Markets Evaluation Indicators in Korea (data collected by the Korea Consumer Agency) was used to analyze 1,000 consumers who had experienced investment advisory services during 2016. The results are as follows. First, the average level of consumer satisfaction, compared to expectations, was ranked at 8.26 out of 10. Among the attributes of an investment advisory service, the average level of price satisfaction was 8.06, credibility was 8.28, and comparability was 8.35 out of 10. Among the external factors, availability of alternatives was 8.45, and the ease in switching was 8.06 out of 10. Second, price satisfaction, credibility, and comparability were shown to have a positive, significant impact on consumer satisfaction, compared to expectations. The impact was highest for credibility. Also, an experience of consumer damage in the market was shown to have a negative, significant impact on consumer satisfaction, compared to expectations. Third, easiness in switching had a significant, positive impact towards the stronger intention to switch as an independent variable, although the variable did not work as a moderator. On the other hand, availability of alternatives was a quasi-moderator, as well as an independent variable. Surprisingly, consumer satisfaction had a positive, significant impact against the stronger switching intentions, although the magnitude of the effect was relatively small. This result indicates that even satisfied consumers have switching intentions in the investment advisory services market.
Analysis on Organizational Strategy of Two IT Intensive Online Insurance Companies

The study analyzes strategic competency of two leading insurance companies providing their services on the online platform. The purpose is to investigate (1) critical success factors of online business; (2) to identify leading strategies of the firms; and (3) exploring the scope of future opportunity of setting secondary strategic needs by strengthening nonleading strategic parameters. The methodology follows a revisiting the case firms on pilot basis to verify the strategic parameters followed by propositions using alignment balance scorecard model that helps scanning the external environment; internal processes, dominant system, organizational structure, and information and growth. The conclusion drafted on the ground root of analytical results from the juxtaposition tabular format and the organization’s online marketing strategy and the critical success factors for an insurance company is proposed.
Corporate Watchdogs

We investigate the role of financial analysts as corporate watchdogs. We show that firms that are subject to intense analyst monitoring are more likely to be investigated by the SEC or to be the subject of a securities class action. Using cross-sectional variations in managerial entrenchment we find that this effect is not a reflection of the "dark side of analyst coverage", analysts pushing executives to misbehave to exceed short-term expectations. We tackle the endogeneity of coverage decisions by using two instrumental variables and a quasi-natural experiment based on exogenous shocks to coverage due to mergers and closures of brokers.
Audit Committee Mechanism on Intellectual Capital Disclosure Evidence From Indian Listed Companies

Here this paper means for, to understand the connection between audit committee mechanisms on non -financial information reporting with particular to intellectual capital. In order to study the relationship, data are collected from BSE Sensex listed companies top with their market capitalization for the period of 2017-2018. The content analysis has been applied to calculate the intellectual capital disclosure rate for the selected companies and later, multiple regression has been applied to check the nexus among audit committee attributes with intellectual capital reporting. The study identified that there is a significant effect by audit committee size on intellectual capital disclosure and surprisingly seen an unexpected negative relationship among independence of audit committee with intellectual capital disclosure. So this study argues that function of the audit committee have to be extended to ensure the quality of reporting by including relevant non-financial information like intellectual capital.
Investors’ Rights Protection and Firm Liquidity: Evidences from Hong Kong

We examine empirically the relation between stock liquidity and investor rights protection in the context of Hong Kong stock markets. We find that levels of investor protection at both the protective environment level and firm level are positively correlated with stock liquidity, as measured by the bid-ask spreads and market depth, and trading volume. We also find that the investor protection - liquidity relation is more significant at the firm level than at the protective environment level. We conclude that firm level protections dominate legal environment protections.
Households' Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Coastal Communities of Baybay City, Leyte

The study investigates households’ vulnerabilities to climate change impacts in selected coastal communities of Baybay City, Leyte. Personal interviews were conducted among 152 randomly selected respondents. Principal Component Analysis was used to estimate the vulnerability index. Results of the study show that more than 80% of households experienced flooding in their homes, usually due to heavy rains, or a combination of heavy rains and high tide. However, households were indirectly sensitive to climate change impacts because more depend on non-natural resource-based income. Living in houses made up of light materials, make them more vulnerable to natural hazards. More than the geographic location and physical features, these communities are potentially vulnerable to climate change owing to the prevailing socio-economic conditions in the area as well as the capacity of households to adapt to climate-related hazards. Policies such as establishment of mangrove forests or physical infrastructures like dikes or breakwaters, capacity development on the conduct of seminars about climate change and different adaptation strategies are suggested to improve the adaptive capacity and resilience of the selected coastal communities in Baybay City, Leyte.
Remittances and The Myth of the Exchange Rate's Power: The Case of Mexico

Remittances to Mexico have increased more than six times in the past two decades. The boom in remittances can be explained mainly by U.S. economic performance as an attraction for Mexican workers, which implies more migration flows but also better-paying jobs. The immigrant’s income constraint––determined by employment and wages––plays the most important role in determining money transfers. The poor performance of Mexico’s economy and its inability to provide sufficient and well-paying jobs is another factor behind Mexican migration to the U.S. The foreign exchange rate (peso/USD) has little or nothing to do with the amount of remittances received by Mexico. Contrary to what some researchers argue, we find that despite the existence of some correlation between remittances and the peso's value vis-a-vis the dollar, there is no evidence of statistical causality from the peso to remittances during the two booms in remittances of the past two decades.
Vietnamese Commercial Banks and Corporate Governance

Objective – Corporate governance is a focus of bank managers and stakeholders, especially after the financial crisis. Contributing to firm and bank difficulties is weakness in managing internally and externally, making governance critical; even more so for banks which play a central role in the economy, allocating capital, lowering risk for businesses and individuals, and ensuring stability and sustainability. Bank failures in the crisis (2008-2016) highlighted governance and risk in developed nations and in developing ones, such as Vietnam. This paper studies governance in bank performance and risk, using theoretical frameworks and empirical study. Methodology – Fundamental governance is reviewed, for banks in particular, in two widely used frameworks. Prior research relates bank performance (share return and return on assets, ROA), risk (capital adequacy ratio, CAR) and governance (board size, BS; number of committees, NC; independent directors to total, NID). Findings – As our models show, NC and NID relate positively to bank performance. CAR has a positive link to governance. Novelty – Our recommendation is that banks in Vietnam must have effective boards to boost performance. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: governance; banking; crises; Vietnam; performance Reference to this paper should be made as follows: E. Bace. 2019. Vietnamese Commercial Banks and Corporate Governance, J. Fin. Bank. Review 4 (2): 73–81 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2019. 4.2(4) JEL Classification: M14; D21; G21; G34
(Un)Intended Consequences of a Teacher Performance Pay Program

I use a sharp regression discontinuity design (RDD) to estimate the causal effect of a group performance-pay program in secondary education that is long-lived and universal in nature. The program design ensures internal and external validity, which is rare in studies that rely on RDD. By combining three Chilean administrative datasets into a unique longitudinal data, I can follow all the teachers in the system and four student cohorts. I find evidence consistent with teaching to the test practices and teacher retention efforts. I also find that increasing the bonus does not benefit the students differently. The results have direct policy implications.
Regimes, Non-Linearities, and Price Discontinuities in Indian Energy Stocks

We construct a representative index of largest Indian energy companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NIFTY 50). We test for presence of regimes, non-linearities, and jumps in the price signal. We benchmark performance against alternative models, including single-regime models and models with no jumps. We then benchmark the quality of regime identification against other indices examined in the literature, such as Nikkei 225 and FTSE 100. Overall, find that our regime-switching model performs well in identifying the regimes in this comparative setting. Based on our model selection criteria, we prefer a regime-augmented model to a model that allows no regime identification. But overall, we prefer a model with jumps and regimes over those that do not allow for jump-diffusion and Markov regime-switching.
A computational study of LiBH4 clusters and enhancement of their hydrogen storage by excess electrons

The electronic structures and energies of neutral and anionic (LiBH4)x clusters (x = 1 – 5) have been systematically studied by using density functional theory with the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d, p) level. For investigating the importance of excess electrons on hydrogen storage capacity, the interactions between hydrogen atoms and the anionic (LiBH4)x clusters are also examined. The calculated formation energies of the anionic clusters show that the anionic clusters have a high thermal stability. It is found that hydrogen atoms are adsorbed on the anionic (LiBH4)x clusters chemically with adsorption energies in the range of −69.13 – −153.73 kcal/mol. The hydrogen storage capacity can be improved from 18.51% to 19.26 – 22.12% in weight percent depending on the size of various anionic (LiBH4)x clusters. Our calculation results show that the existence of excess electrons on the (LiBH4)x clusters can enhance the hydrogen storage capacity. The Mulliken charge analysis was performed to illustrate the interactions between H atoms and the anionic (LiBH4)x clusters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online Buying Behavior and Adoption Towards E-Commerce – A Literature Survey and Conceptual Framework

Since the beginning of E-Commerce, E- Business has always been interested in knowing what propels their customer. In the present study, the author tried to understand the combination of factors influencing the online buying behavior towards E-Commerce. Further the writing survey approach as completed to comprehend the distinct hole that exists in the chose zone of research. The E-Commerce has advanced the success of the phase of utilization advertise and the understudies bunch is a market with incredible improvement space and undiscovered market. Huge writing was evaluated on every one of the factors and the examination hole was recognized clearing route for a significant goal of considering the effect of variables affecting web based purchasing conduct towards E-Commerce.
Does the ABDC Journal Classification Create Unequal Opportunities for Accounting and Finance Researchers?

The Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) journal classification list uses a methodology where a committee of experts puts a specific percentage of journals in each discipline in a certain category (A*, A, B, or C). We study whether this approach creates unequal opportunities in favor of some field and against others. We analyze a number of factors, such as the number of journals in each category, the number of papers published per year, the number of authors per paper, and the number of academics in each discipline. We find that there are clearly more opportunities for Management and Economics academics and less for Finance, Marketing, Econometrics, and especially Accounting researchers. This finding applies to both the highest two categories (A* and A) combined and to the highest category (A*) considered on itself. The difference in opportunities seems to have slightly gone down in the 2019 list compared to the 2016 list. We also suggest a methodology for a level-playing field list for a new top category (A**).
Low Take-Up and Financial Inclusion:Experimental Evidence from Argentina’s Cash Transfers

Cash transfer and other social protection programs have greatly expanded in developing countries in the last two decades, but their coverage varies greatly, even among eligible individuals. We studied the low take-up of benefits by means of a field experiment involving 400,000 beneficiaries of Argentina’s largest conditional cash-transfer program (with 2.2 million beneficiaries who are the parents of four million children, 40% of the country’s 0-17 year olds). Beneficiaries are assigned a bank account and a debit card. By using their debit card to spend the allowance, rather than withdrawing cash from ATMs, they can receive a rebate of 15% of their expenditures. However, they systematically fail to claim this benefit: only about 25% of beneficiaries receive this transfer. Our experiment provided information about the effectiveness of an information campaign conducted via text messages or through on-screen messages at ATM machines. The campaign increased take-up (i.e., purchases with debit cards and subsequent rebates) significantly but not substantially. The results indicated that the benefit had low salience, that beneficiaries lacked information about the debit-card program, that frictions existed related to financial inclusion and lack of infrastructure, and that limited information and salience were important but second-order factors.
Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor: Sludge characteristics

Aims: Present study was done by using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to investigate the effect of influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic load rate on the formation of anaerobic granules in wastewater treatment. Martials and Methods: Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor with working volume 30 L was studied using actual slaughterhouse wastewater at a hydraulic retention time of 1.24 d and at temperatures in the range of 35°C ± 0.5°C for 320 days. The inoculum was extracted from the anaerobic digester of municipal sewage treatment plant, and the UASB reactor was filled with 8 L of sludge. Results: The results indicated that under the optimal conditions, about 94.6% of COD could be effectively removed from slaughterhouse wastewater with the UASB. The highest and lowest COD removal efficiency was 40.5 and 94.6% corresponding to influent COD of 1266.8 and 1222.2 mg/L, respectively. The fluctuation of solution pH in UASB operation was in the range of 6.68-8.03. The average of solution pH was 7.46 ± 0.36. The solution pH was gradually improved with UASB operation. Different granule sizes coexisted in the UASB reactor, but granules with the size of 1-3 mm were predominant. The maximum observed size of anaerobic granule was 7 mm. Conclusion: Application of slaughterhouse wastewater as feed wastewater demonstrated that the slaughterhouse wastewater to be more effective in promoting the formation of anaerobic granules and granule size in UASB reactor.
Insurance With Heterogeneous Preferences

This paper studies an optimal insurance problem with finitely many potential policyholders. A monopolistic, risk-neutral insurer offers an insurance contract, and exponential utility maximizing individuals accept the offer or not. We allow for heterogeneity in the preferences of the individuals, while the insurer cannot discriminate in the insurance premium. We show that it is optimal for the insurer to offer only a full insurance contract, and the price optimization problem is reduced to a discrete problem, where the premium is an indifference premium for one individual in the market. Moreover, if individuals can self-select their insurance coverage given the market premium rate, then we find that partial insurance is generally optimal. Since the risk aversion parameters of individuals is generally unobserved, we also present a simulation-based framework. We show its convergence, and provide numerical examples.
Relationship of Leader Member Exchange and Supervisor Feedback Environment in Textile Industry of Gujranwala, Pakistan

Industry is examined by means of the essential component of any state specifically textile industry. The textile industry is the one of the utmost substantial sectors of Pakistan. Textile industry plays a vibrant role in progress of the country. The purpose of this study was to estimate the connection between supervisor feedback environment (SFE) and LMX in the context of Textile industry of Gujranwala Pakistan as well as the moderating influence of supervisor self-efficacy (SSE) among the association of independent and dependent variable. Data was collected from textile employees,Gujranwala Pakistan. A total 360 completed questionnaires were distributed, response rate of 90 percent. The hypothesis was tested using CFA and SEM. The results show that supervisor feedback environment has noteworthy positive impact on leader-member exchange. Furthermore, supervisor self-efficacy was incorporated in the linkages of of SFE and LMX. The limitation of the study sample involves on employees of textile industry was gathered at one point in time. This study may be conducted as longitudinal approach. The aftereffects of this dissertation show the significance of employees of textile industry to present typical vision.