Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and recurrent pediatric urinary tract infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered by pediatricians. Currently, the diagnosis and management of acute UTI and recurrent UTI in children remain controversial. Recently published guidelines and large clinical trials have attempted to clarify UTI diagnostic and management strategies. In this manuscript, we review the diagnosis and management of acute and recurrent UTI in the pediatric population.
The influence of a sustained multifaceted approach to improve antibiotic prescribing in Slovenia during the past decade: findings and implications

Introduction: Rising antibiotic resistance has become an increasing public health problem. There is a well-established correlation between antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, measures to rationalize the prescribing of antibiotics should reduce the resistant strains. Following a 24% increase in antibiotic consumption at the end of the 1990s, multiple activities were designed and introduced by the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia (ZZZS) and other organizations in Slovenia at the end of 1999. These activities reduced the antibiotic consumption by 18.7% by 2002. These measures have continued. Objective: To study changes in antibiotic utilization from 1995 to 2012 alongside the multiple interventions and their consequences, including changes in resistance patterns. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study involving all patients dispensed at least one ZZZS prescription for an antibiotic in Slovenia. Utilization was expressed in defined daily doses per thousand inhabitants per day. Multifaceted interventions were conducted over time involving all key stakeholder groups, that is, the Ministry of Health, ZZZS, physician groups and patients. These included comprehensive communication programs as well as prescribing restrictions for a number of antibiotics and classes. Results: From 1999 to 2012, antibiotic consumption decreased by 2–9% per year, with an overall decrease of 31%. There were also appreciable structural changes. Overall antibiotic utilization and the utilization of 7 out of 10 antibiotics significantly decreased after multiple interventions. The resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin decreased in line with decreased utilization. However, its resistance to macrolides increased from 5.4 to 21% despite halving of its utilization. The resistance of Escherichia coli to fluoroquinolones doubled from 10 to 21% despite utilization decreasing by a third. Expenditures on antibiotics decreased by 53%. Conclusion: Multiple demand-side measures introduced following increased utilization significantly decreased subsequent antibiotic utilization and associated costs. However, there was variable impact on antibiotic resistance. Additional targeted activities are planned to further reduce antibiotic prescribing and resistance.
Novel pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

Postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of influenza-associated death, and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been important pathogens that have caused pneumonia since the influenza pandemic in 1919. Emergence of novel influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 and the concomitant global spread of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) have led to increasing prevalence of CA-MRSA pneumonia following influenza infection. Such an epidemiologic change poses a therapeutic challenge due to a high risk of inappropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy and poor clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy for post-influenza bacterial pneumonia have become even more important in the era of CA-MRSA. Therefore, novel molecular diagnostic techniques should be applied to more readily diagnose MRSA pneumonia.
The preventive and therapeutic potential of natural polyphenols on influenza

Influenza virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae family. This virus is a major public health problems, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic choices inhibiting specific sequences of pathological process of influenza, developing more effective therapeutic options is an immediate challenge. In this paper, a comprehensively review of natural polyphenolic products used worldwide for the management of influenza infection is presented. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the natural polyphenols on influenza infection including suppressing virus replication cycle, viral hemagglutination, viral adhesion and penetration into the host cells, also intracellular transductional signaling pathways have been discussed in detail. Based on cellular, animal, and human evidence obtained from several studies, the current paper demonstrates that natural polyphenolic compounds possess potential effects on both prevention and treatment of influenza, which can be used as adjuvant therapy with conventional chemical drugs for the management of influenza and its complications.
Providing information to stroke survivors: Lessons from a failed randomised controlled trial.

We describe our experiences evaluating a printed individualised stroke patient-heid record (PHR) that was developed to provide supportive information to stroke survivors on discharge from hospital. Ninety-three consenting stroke patients from rehabilitation and acute hospitals were randomised to receive a PHR or standard discharge information. The effectiveness of the PHR was assessed by telephone using the Stroke Impact Scale and an evaluation questionnaire, one month and four months post-discharge. The thai was terminated early (66 completions) because only 18 of the 28 intervention participants remembered receiving the PHR; 13 had read it and only one used it to manage their care. We concluded that as many stroke survivors did not remember information and instructions given in hospital, possibly due to impaired memory and stress, it is important for GPs or practice nurses to provide stroke survivors with educational information at frequent intervals along the continuum of care.
Addressing the Clinical Burden of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect in a Large Metropolitan Region: Improving the Evidence-Base

Children at risk of abuse are more likely to be hospitalized and utilize health services according to international research. In a large metropolitan health region in New South Wales, Australia, there was little known of the clinical burden of child physical abuse and/or neglect (PAN), or of systems for clinical assessment of children presenting with abuse/neglect. We aimed to identify the number of children presenting with suspected PAN to emergency departments (EDs) and paediatric services in this region, to determine enablers and barriers to assessment for children with PAN presenting to frontline services, and to identify best practices to address gaps. We collated available data on children presenting to EDs and paediatric services with suspected PAN in 2007. We interviewed 36 health professionals from nine hospitals and 12 statutory child protection professionals, across the region before undertaking relevant document analysis. Of 64,700 paediatric ED presentations, a quarter were due to injury; 2%–5% of these were due to maltreatment. Clinician estimates and assessments of PAN varied widely; health and welfare workers identified major practice gaps, as well as good local practice. We identified feasible minimum standards for improving clinical assessment and follow-up for children presenting with PAN, given the right organizational support.
Health Promoting Palliative Care

Health promotion has traditionally focused on illness prevention, targeting the fit and well. But what about those who live with life-threatenting or terminal illness? Health-Promoting Palliative Care proposes a model of care that goes beyond simply providing care in the final stages of life and draws on critical and participatory principles from both palliative care and health promotion. Emphasizing early intervention and social approach to the problems and experiences of dying, it encourages service providers, family members, and the dying themselves to seek ways to promote emotional, social, and spiritual well-being, as well as physical health. The book begins by looking at the ways in which health promotion can be introduced to palliative care. It goes on to outline the goals and practice principles of health-promoting palliative care. Later chapters address practice strategies relevant to health and death education, social supports, interpersonal reorientation, and environmental and policy development. This book is a valuable, practical, and accessible resource for practitioners working alones or in health care institutions, for students in health sciences, social work, or pastoral care, and for those working in policy areas.
Walking away from the desktop computer: distributed collaboration and mobility in a product design team

A study of a spatially distributed product design team shows that most members are rarely at their individual desks. Mobility is essential for the use of shared resources and for communication. It facilitates informal interactions and awareness unavailable to colleagues at remote sites. Implications for technology design include portable and distributed computing resources, in particular, moving beyond individual workstation-centric CSCW applications.
18F-FDG PET/CT could Precisely Localize Hypermetabolic Cervical Muscles in a Patient Affected by Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia

Background Idiopathic cervical dystonia [ICD] is characterized by an abnormal head and neck posture attributable to involuntary tonic or phasic contractions of neck muscles. Findings We performed a brain fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography [F18-FDG PET/CT] scan for suspected metabolic alterations in basal ganglia in a 51-year-old woman without any evidence of secondary dystonia. Brain uptake was unremarkable, whereas an increased F18-FDG uptake was observed in the right trapezius and right longus colli muscle, allowing a diagnosis of ICD. Conclusion An F18 PET/CT may be a non-invasive alternative to electromyography to identify dystonic cervical muscles and this identification could lead to successful clinical results after targeted intramuscular botulinum toxin treatment.
Anthrax, toxins and vaccines: a 125-year journey targeting Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease that plagues both humans and various animal species. Effective vaccines are available, but those approved for human use are crude culture supernatants that require multiple injections and a yearly boost. Many experts agree that it is now time for the next generation of human vaccines against anthrax. Accordingly, this review will succinctly focus upon: pathogenesis of B. anthracis, with particular emphasis upon the immune system; the pertinent biophysical nature of protective antigen, which includes how the protein toxin component affords protection as a vaccine target; alternative methods for improving protective antigen as an immunogen; and additional B. anthracis antigens that might further sustain protective titers in humans. In addition to a better understanding of the disease process elicited by B. anthracis, which will logically lead to better vaccines (and therapeutics), there also needs to be the same level of open-mindedness applied to the politics of anthrax.
The subjective meaning of xerostomia—an aggravating misery

Abstract Xerostomia, the subjective sensation of dry mouth, is associated with qualitative and quantitative changes of saliva. Poor health, certain medications and radiation therapy constitute major risk factors. To gain further understanding of this condition the present study explored the main concern of xerostomia expressed by afflicted adults. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 participants and analysed according to the grounded theory method. An aggravating misery was identified as the core category, meaning that the main concern of xerostomia is its devastating and debilitating impact on multiple domains of well-being. Professional consultation, search for affirmation and social withdrawal were strategies of management. The findings reveal that xerostomia is not a trivial condition for those suffering. Oral impairment as well as physical and psychosocial consequences of xerostomia has a negative impact on quality of life. There is an obvious need to enhance professional competence to improve the compassion for and the support of individuals afflicted by xerostomia.
Seamless image cloning by a closed form solution of a modified Poisson problem

A Poisson image editing is known as a seamless image cloning algorithm based on gradient field [Pérez et al. 2003]. The Poisson image editing is very effective algorithm and based on the Poisson equation. However, it is time consuming process to solve the Poisson equation. An approximated solution of the Poisson equation has been proposed to fasten the Poisson image editing [Farbman et al. 2009]. This approximated solution is computationally effective and can generate almost identical solution to the rigorous solution.
Fuwa-Vision: an auto-stereoscopic floating-image display

We propose Fuwa-Vision, a simple interactive auto-stereoscopic display for multiple users, which does not require glasses or mechanical moving components. This system can project auto-stereoscopic images in midair with a simple structure. This provides a proper view of the combination of stereoscopic objects and real objects. In this setup, it can detect the location of the object, and allow the interaction with the 3D image. For example, it can detect the position of the candle, and render virtual flame for this candle as if it were with real fire. This display is consist of four parts, backlighted Liquid Crystal Display(LCD), transparent LCD, the Fresnel convex lens on the optical axis and the head tracking system for the viewer's position. It control the direction of light precisely.
Strategies to Limit the Effect of Hypoglycemia on Diabetes Control: Identifying and Reducing the Risks

I ndividuals with diabetes, their families, and health care providers (HCPs) often cite hypoglycemia as the limiting factor to achieving optimal diabetes control. Hypoglycemia is a reality for people with type 1 diabetes and for many with type 2 diabetes. According to Cryer,1 the average person with type 1 diabetes suffers two episodes of hypoglycemia per week and one episode of severe hypoglycemia per year. Severe hypoglycemia is less common in those with type 2 diabetes. However, in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), 0.7% per year of patients taking a sulfonylurea and 2.3% per year of those using insulin experienced severe hypoglycemia. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, the greatest frequency of hypoglycemia is found in those on insulin.2 The body's normal response to hypoglycemia is significantly altered in diabetes, as well as by the use of exogenous insulin or insulin secretagogues. Thus, the physiological symptoms and negative consequences of hypoglycemia may result in significant fear of hypoglycemia and anxiety associated with possible hypoglycemia for individuals with diabetes.3 In addition, HCPs may not intensify therapy for fear of inducing hypoglycemia.4 Hypoglycemia has been noted as the limiting factor for many patients in achieving euglycemia. Yet, pivotal studies such as the UKPDS and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial leave no doubt that improved glycemic control prevents or delays microvascular complications and may also reduce macrovascular events.2,5 Therefore, HCPs and patients alike must seek to achieve euglycemia while limiting hypoglycemia. The risk of hypoglycemia should not be used as an excuse for less-than-optimal glucose control. A glucose level of < 70 mg/dl is generally accepted as the glucose alert level at which individuals with diabetes should take action. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Workgroup on Hypoglycemia did not define hypoglycemia as it traditionally …
Proteomics of osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and the third most common cancer in childhood and adolescence. Nowadays, early diagnosis, drug resistance and recurrence of the disease represent the major challenges in OS treatment. Post-genomics, and in particular proteomic technologies, offer an invaluable opportunity to address the level of biological complexity expressed by OS. Although the main goal of OS oncoproteomics is focused on diagnostic and prognostic biomarker discovery, in this review we describe and discuss global protein profiling approaches to other aspects of OS biology and pathophysiology, or to investigate the mechanism of action of chemotherapeutics. In addition, we present proteomic analyses carried out on OS cell lines as in vitro models for studying osteoblastic cell biology and the attractive opportunity offered by proteomics of OS cancer stem cells.
Quantifying the user experience

The content of this book is in agreement with its title, starting with the subtitle, that is, this is a book about practical statistics for the user experience research. After this I must say that this is really a good book. To sum up, because it fulfills its goals, presents many of the necessary statistics (the experience of the authors), presents them in a way that makes them accessible but with rigor, it is easy to read and very pragmatic. I recommend this book to everyone with an interest in UX research, be they a lab researcher, a company researcher or a teacher, or even a newbie in UX research, including students. Even empirical software engineers concerned with truly hard software development issues (such as people) should give a look to some topics in this book. The book is organized in 10 chapters and one appendix. The appendix presents the fundamental statistical concepts required for anyone who wants to read the book, and it accomplishes its goal. So, statistical ignorance is not an excuse to avoid the book. The structure of the book is UX research oriented, that is, the sections are organized by kinds of UX research and not by statistics. The price is from the editor store. Although I said the book is very good, nevertheless it possesses some weaknesses, though not serious: sections and subsections are not numbered; correlations are not treated; there are many exercises but they are not listed in the table of contents; and the reader is directed to the authors' site too many times. The latter is a site, from the authors, intended to compute many of the presented statistics. However, the authors are nice and also provide Excel formulas to obtain the same results. About the second, the book presents in the last chapter a list of statistics the authors considered relevant but that were not covered in the book. The list includes correlation and regression. Correlation is not an advanced topic and it is a pity that it was not included. About the former, it is frustrating and it would be correct to assume that it contributes to the fault in the table of contents. Some strengths of the book are now listed. As was said above, the book is easy to read, albeit rigorous and presenting modern methods. The authors help the reader avoid what could be an unnecessary read. …
Boosting efficiency and security in proof of ownership for deduplication

Deduplication is a technique used to reduce the amount of storage needed by service providers. It is based on the intuition that several users may want (for different reasons) to store the same content. Hence, storing a single copy of these files is sufficient. Albeit simple in theory, the implementation of this concept introduces many security risks. In this paper we address the most severe one: an adversary (who possesses only a fraction of the original file, or even just partially colluding with a rightful owner) claiming to possess such a file. The paper's contributions are manifold: first, we introduce a novel Proof of Ownership (POW) scheme that has all features of the state-of-the-art solution while incurring only a fraction of the overhead experienced by the competitor; second, the security of the proposed mechanisms relies on information theoretical (combinatoric) rather than computational assumptions; we also propose viable optimization techniques that further improve the scheme's performance. Finally, the quality of our proposal is supported by extensive benchmarking.
How do comprehensive and acute stroke units differ? A critical review

Background: Stroke unit care is advocated for all acute stroke patients. Varying models of stroke unit care exist and there is a need to identify how these models differ and how these differences may affect patient outcomes. This review explores the difference between the comprehensive stroke unit model, which includes rehabilitation, and the acute stroke unit model, which does not. Content: A review of descriptive information regarding comprehensive and acute stroke units was performed to determine the differences in the underlying components of care. Conclusion: A greater emphasis on acute medical care appears to exist in the acute stroke unit, with higher levels of nurse staffing, earlier assessment and investigation, more intensive physiological monitoring and an increased use of thrombolysis and anti-platelet therapy. In contrast, the availability of a period of rehabilitation in the comprehensive stroke unit appears to create a greater emphasis on rehabilitation, even in the acute phase, with greate.
Die Rolle der Thrombozyten in der Pathophysiologie des akuten Koronarsyndroms

Zusammenfassung Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, besonders die koronare Herzkrankheit, stellen derzeit die häufigste Todesursache in der westlichen Welt dar und repräsentieren eine zentrale Herausforderung für moderne Wissenschaft und Medizin. Die Pathophysiologie der koronaren Herzkrankheit basiert im Wesentlichen auf der Entstehung und dem biologischen Remodelling atherosklerotischer Plaques. Vor allem in fortgeschrittenen Stadien, aber auch in der frühen Phase der Atherosklerose, kommt es zur Ruptur atherosklerotischer Plaques, die zur klinischen Manifestation des akuten Koronarsyndroms in Form instabiler Angina pectoris, nicht transmuralen oder transmuralen Myokardinfarkts führen kann. Neben inflammatorischen Zellen wie Monozyten, spielen Thrombozyten eine essenzielle Rolle in der frühen wie auch der späten Phase atherosklerotischer Erkrankungen. Diese Übersicht fasst die grundlegenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen der Plättchenadhäsion und -sekretion, die molekularen Schritte, die in die plättchenvermittelte Thrombusentstehung im Bereich atherosklerotischer Läsionen eingreifen und die Bedeutung der Thrombozytenakkumulation im reperfundierten Myokard zusammen.