Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Gorenstein property of the diagonals of the Rees algebra. (Dedicated to the memory of Fernando Serrano.)

Let $Y$ be a closed subscheme of $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}_k$ defined by a homogeneous ideal $I\subset A=k[X1,\cdots,Xn]$, and $X$ obtained by blowing up $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}_k$ along $Y$. Denote by $I_c$ the degree $c$ part of $I$ and assume that $I$ is generated by forms of degree $\leq d$. Then the rings $k[(I^e)_c]$ are coordinate rings of projective embeddings of $X$ in $\mathbb{P}^{N-1}_k$ , where $N=dim_k(I^e)_c$ for $c\geq de+1$. The aim of this paper is to study the Gorenstein property of the rings $k[(I^e)_c]$ . Under mild hypothesis we prove that there exist at most a finite number of diagonals ($c, e$) such that $k[(I^e)_c]$ is Gorenstein, and we determine them for several families of ideals.
EFFECT OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE ON MAIZE YIELD IN THE SEMI-ARID AREAS OF ZIMBABWE

SUMMARY Globally, a range of agronomic factors have been reported to have an impact on the performance of conservation agriculture (CA) and often determine its performance in relation to conventional agriculture (CONV). To assess this performance in Zimbabwe, 48 CA experiments were conducted by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics in the semi-arid areas of southern Zimbabwe from 2004 to 2010, to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) through meta-analytical methods. The two CA practices, planting basins (Basins) and ripper tillage (Ripper), were compared with CONV. It was hypothesised that CA results improved yield compared with CONV and that the effect of CA practices on yield is affected by soil type, rainfall amount and distribution and selected management practices, which included rates of inorganic fertilisers and manures and mulching. Basins were superior to CONV in 59% of the experiments and the overall effect was significant (p < 0.001). The effect of Ripper was non-significant. The hypothesis that CA practices result in improved maize grain yield over CONV was accepted for Basins. The WMD for experiments conducted on sandy soils was 0.365 t ha−1 for Basins and 0.184 t ha−1 for Ripper, and in both cases was significant (p < 0.05). For clay soils, only the WMD for Basins was significant. A higher rainfall regime (500–830 mm) resulted in a lower WMD for Basins (0.095 t ha−1) and Ripper (0.105 t ha−1) compared with 0.151 t ha−1 for Basins and 0.110 t ha−1 for Ripper under lower rainfall (320–500 mm). The overall effect of Basins under the higher rainfall regime was not significant. There was better yield performance for Basins when the rainfall was well distributed; the reverse was noted for the Ripper. The application of 10–30 kg ha−1 of N (micro-dose range) resulted in a higher WMD for Basins than zero N application. Without N application, the WMD of Basins was not significant. For zero manure application in Basins, the WMD was 0.043 t ha−1 compared with 0.159 t ha−1 when manure was applied. The application of mulch depressed the WMD in Basins by 44% and Ripper by 89%. The hypothesis that yield performance under CA is influenced by soil type, rainfall amount and distribution, inorganic fertiliser and manure application was accepted.
An Improved Particle Filter Approach for Real-time Pedestrian Tracking in Surveillance Video

This paper presents a method for pedestrian tracking in surveillance video, and the method is based on an improved particle filter. In our algorithm, the dynamics is modeled as a second-order autoregressive process. And for the observation model, color histogram features are used for likelihood measure. The proposed color histogram method is operated on a sub-region of the target region and we explore how the background subtraction process affects the color histogram model. We further adopt rectangle filters and pixel- difference cues in the observation model to overcome the limitation of individual cue. Experiments show that the method yields better tracking performance with the improved observation model. Keywords-Pedestrian tracking, particle filter, surveillance video
Infrared flux excesses from hot subdwarfs - II. 72 more objects

In our search, started in February, 1994, for JHK excess fluxes among the hot subdwarf population as an indicator for the presence of binary companions, results for 72 more hot objects (=63 hot subdwarfs + 1 Horizontal Branch B star + 7 white dwarfs + 1 non-subdwarf object) observed with the Carlos Sanchez CVF IR photometer (in June and October, 1994), are presented. The exact number of binary hot subdwarfs has gained renewed importance after the recent discovery of pulsators with G-F companions. The total number of candidates we propose may help to set some constraints; for example, out of 41 objects with excesses, 13 may have G-type binary companions. From our new sample, 14 discoveries of binary candidates have been found: BD+25 4655, Feige 108, HD 4539, HD 149382, HD 216135, KPD 2109+440, LSI+63 198, LSIV+10 9, LSV+22 38, PG 0011+221, PG 0116+242, PG 0314+103, PG 2151+100 and TON 139. Besides, 2 more from reanalysis of February, 1994, data – BD+37 1977 and BD+48 1777, may now be found to be IR excess candidates. Two suspected binaries, PB 8555 and SB 7, are also confirmed. By fitting Kurucz (1993) model spectra and assuming zero-age main sequence companions, we find upper limits on the subdwarf gravities. The distributions of upper limits on log( g ), mostly between about 5.25 and 6.5, are nearly identical for both sdBs and sdOs.
Relationship satisfaction, the influence of trauma, and needs analysis of military couples

Previous research has found that the stresses of a military lifestyle, including military trauma, may be detrimental to intimate relationships. This study explored the relationships between PTSD symptoms, relationship satisfaction, and perceived barriers to accessing couples counseling resources in a sample of military service members or veterans and their partners (N=29). In addition, a needs analysis was performed to determine couples’ mental health service utilization and the most common barriers to utilizing couples counseling. Results revealed no significant relationship between PTSD symptom severity and relationship satisfaction. Relationship satisfaction was significantly negatively correlated to number of perceived barriers to accessing couples counseling resources (r = -.50, p = .003). The majority of participants had never used couples counseling resources (65.5%). The most commonly reported barriers to treatment were stigma (44.8%), lack of awareness of resources (20.7%), and unwillingness of one partner to participate in treatment (20.7%). Results suggest measures need to be taken to reduce stigma and increase awareness of couples’ mental health resources in the military in order to improve quality of relationships, increase resilience, and improve personnel retention rates.
ADDITION OF FERRIC CHLORIDE AS AN OPTION TO IMPROVE THE START-UP OF ANAEROBIC REACTORS

It was evaluated the impact of the Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) addition to improve a low Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) sludge with poor settleability characteristics, used as a seed during the startup of an UASB reactor. The FeCl3 dose was selected through preliminary SMA assays (concentrations between 0 and 30 mg.l); the best dosage was 4.83 mgFeCl3.l equivalent to a soluble iron concentration of 0.5 mgFe.l. Two reactors fed with a synthetic waste of 1600 mg COD.l were used; the first reactor was used as control (R1), and the second one received the continuous FeCl3 addition (R2). The start-up last 72 days and consisted in the HRT reduction from 24 h to 6 h; the maximum Organic Load Rate (OLR) applied was 6.40 Kg COD.m. d, with an upflow velocity 8.55 cm.h in both reactors. Each period was defined by the stable behavior in effluent concentrations of COD, VFAs and BI values. Although at the end of the start-up, both reactors sludge improved their settleability characteristics, the FeCl3 addition favored the physical conditions of the R2 reactor sludge. At the end of the start-up, the sludge profiles showed a bigger growth for R2 reactor biomass (81%) in relation to R1 reactor (75%); the TVS/TS ratio and the SMA were also improved; furthermore, R2 reactor presented a major increment in the SMA than R1 reactor (96% and 45% respectively), consequently, the FeCl3 addition was a stimulatory factor for the methanogenic bacterial group.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Tanzania: Co-integration and Error Correction Model Analysis

This study identifies the determinants of foreign direct investment in Tanzania over the period spanning from 1970 to 2012. In order to investigate the determinants, the study utilizes time series analysis employing the multiple regression analysis. The study tests for unit root using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and co integration test using Engle-Granger residuals co integration test and Johansen co integration test to affirm if the variables are co integrated. Furthermore, the study estimate long run and short run coefficients using Error Correction Model (ECM). Generally speaking, empirical results suggest that gross domestic product (GDP), openness and inflation rates are main determinants of FDI in Tanzania. Moreover, results further reveal that variables are adjusting to long run equilibrium at the speed of 53 percent per annum. Also structural break in long run suggest stable contributions of these variables in FDI in Tanzania. Thus, in this context, Tanzanian government ought to earmark GDP, openness and inflation rates as crucial variables in attracting FDI in Tanzanian economy. However, it should be clear that not only these variables are essential for determining FDI in Tanzania but these variables have significant contributions as per adjusted R-square since have 70 percent of power in explaining FDI inflow in Tanzania. Keywords: Determinants of foreign direct investment, Error correction model, Foreign direct investment, Tanzanian foreign direct investment.
Stable isotopes document inter- and intra-specific variation in feeding ecology of nine large southern Procellariiformes

Investigating the foraging ecology of seabirds is especially challenging given their wide-ranging movements and the practical difficulties of obtaining unbiased information on their feeding behavior. Despite the development of animal-borne tracking devices, several limitations preclude investigations at the scale of a whole community in a given season or year, and, until recently, during the non-breeding period. Here we analyzed δ 13 C and δ 15 N in feathers of chicks and adults to investigate inter- and intra-specific variation in the foraging habitat and trophic posi- tion of 9 large procellariiform seabirds from 6 southern breeding localities during the breeding and non-breeding periods. Isotopic ratios of each species were generally consistent among differ- ent breeding populations, despite the large geographical scale and potential variation in oceano - graphy in surrounding waters. Both spatial and trophic segregation apparently allowed the co- existence of sympatric species in most breeding localities, except at South Georgia, where both δ 13 C and δ 15 N in chicks showed high overlap among species, probably resulting from the super- abundance of alternative food resources during the summer. Low variance in stable isotope ratios among adults in several species indicated high overlap between individuals in feeding habits and trophic levels (i.e. isotopic specialist populations) during the non-breeding period. By contrast, large isotopic variances and the high within- and between-individual components of the trophic niche width suggested that grey-headed and light-mantled sooty albatrosses are generalists. Based on δ 13 C, the species that breed in the Southern Ocean can be categorized as residents or subtropical migrants, with the latter including oceanic and neritic subtropical migrants. Alba- trosses meet the high energetic challenge of feather synthesis by foraging in different habitats, depending on the length of the non-breeding period. Annual breeders renew their plumage in productive neritic waters in ~4 mo, whereas biennially breeding species moult in less productive oceanic waters over much longer periods (~12 to 16 mo).
Ultrastructure of the cuticle during growth of the grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.)

The outer surface morphology and the ultrastructure of grape berries during growth were examined by electron microscopy. The cuticle began to form before anthesis as highly organized and tightly appressed cuticular ridges. During the period of rapid expansion, the cuticular material spread out over the grape berry. At the same time, an outer wax layer of about 0.5 μm was indentified. As growth proceeded, the cuticular material flattened out and eventually disappeared. At the final stage of growth, the berry had a smooth, continuous and homogeneous cuticle with a thickness of 3 μm.
Qualitative Parameters of Pasture Samples Obtained from Different Farms in 2012

The aim of this experiment was a representation of chemical composition of pasture samples from different farms and NDF degradability examination by in sacco method. The experiment took place on three farms with different altitudes. All samples were analyzed for ash, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). NDF degradability was evaluated by in sacco method in chosen herbs from samples of pasture. During the grazing season in a sward reduces the content of NL and at the same time increases the content of CF. During the pasture period declines the share of clovers in growth and on the contrary significantly higher proportion of grasses. The highest NDF degradability all the time of incubation in the rumen was in Taraxacum officinale and varied from 453.1 g.kg -1 NDF in 6 h of incubation to 882.1 g.kg -1 NDF in 72 h of incubation. The lowest NDF degradability was in Rumex obtusifolius (198.1 to 581.8 g.kg -1 NDF) and Ranunculus acris (278.6 to 566 g.kg -1 NDF). Differences between farms are minimal.
Racial-Ethnic Identity And Academic Achievement: Psychological And Motivational Mediators

ii DEDICATION.iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.v TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii LIST OF FIGURES. ix LIST OF TABLES. x INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW.1 Racial and Ethnic Identity Defined 3 Racial and Ethnic Identity Development. 3 Models of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development. 5 REI and Academic Achievement. 9 Differences in Achievement Outcomes across Gender and Ethnic Groups. 10 Academic Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values that Promote Achievement. 11 Sense of School Belonging. 12 Student Perceived School Engagement. 14 Academic Identity and Variations among Racial-Ethnic Groups. 15 Conceptual Model and Study Hypotheses. 17 METHODS. 20 Participants. 20 Design Overview. 22 Measures. 22 Racial-Ethnic Identity. 22 Academic Achievement. 23 Student Perceived School Engagement. 24 Psychological Sense of School Membership. 25 Teacher-Rated Behavioral Engagement. 26 Child IQ, Economic Adversity, and Year 4 Baseline Scores. 27 Cognitive Ability (IQ). 27 Economic Adversity. 27 Baseline Score Measures. 28 viii RESULTS. 29 Descriptive Statistics. 29 Correlational Analyses. 29 Measurement Model . 33 Structural Equation Model (Tests of Hypothesized Models) . 34 Student Perceived School Engagement as a Mediator . 35 Sense of School Belonging as a Mediator . 36 Tests of Moderation . 38 Student Perceived School Engagement as a Moderator . 39 Sense of School Belonging as a Moderator . 40 Gender Moderation Model . 40 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. 41 REI and Achievement Related Outcomes . 42 The Role of Student Perceived Engagement in Achievement Outcomes . 43 The Role of School Belonging in Achievement Outcomes . 44 Gender Moderation . 45 Practical Implications . 45 Limitations and Future Directions.47 REFERENCES. 49
Histological observations on the quail oviduct; with reference to pigment (porphyrin) in the uterus

鳥類の卵の卵表の色素形成については，いまだ不明確な点が多いが，うずらを用いて色素形成に関する形態学的観察をおこなった. うずら卵管では肉眼的に，子宮に限って著明な濃褐色の着色と赤色螢光がみとめられ，これは凍結切片上その粘膜上皮lこ存する. これは産卵時期により変化し，白色卵殻の卵を子宮lこ含むときもっとも著明であるが，着色した卵を含むときもっとも弱い. 一方，卵表の色彩はクチクラ色素により発現され，この色素は赤色後光を発する. 子宮およびクチクラの色素は共に鉱酸lこよく溶解し，強い2次後光を発する. 両者の主としてメチルエステルの吸収スベクトルを求めた結果，それぞれSORET 帯を有し，porphyrin であることを示し，かつFISHER & KOGLのooporphyrin と類似のスベクトルを示した. 組織学的には，色素は子宮粘膜上皮の繊毛細胞(apical cell) に認められる. この色素穎粒は産卵時期に伴って著変し，肉眼的ならびに凍結切片上の所見と一致する. 従って本細胞からクチクラ色素が分泌されると考えられる. また本細胞にはPAS 反応陽性の粗大穎粒が認められ，色素頼粒の増減とほぼ平行した関係を示す. これは，クチクラ形成と関係があると考えられる.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF HIGHLY OSCILLATORY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF HIGHLY OSCILLATORY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BY MAGNUS SERIES METHOD In this study, the differential equation known as Lie-type equation where the solutions of the equation stay in the Lie-Group is considered. The solution of this equation can be represented as an infinite series whose terms consist of integrals and commutators, based on the Magnus Series. This expansion is used as a numerical geometrical integrator called Magnus Series Method, to solve this type of equations. This method which is also one of the Lie-Group methods, has slower error accumulation and more efficient computation results during the long time interval than classical numerical methods such as Runge-Kutta, since it preserves the qualitative features of the exact solutions. Several examples are considered including linear and nonlinear oscillatory problems to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Leptogenesis from split fermions

We present a new type of leptogenesis mechanism based on a two-scalar split-fermions framework. At high temperatures the bulk scalar vacuum expectation values (VEVs) vanish and lepton number is strongly violated. Below some temperature, T{sub c}, the scalars develop extra dimension dependent VEVs. This transition is assumed to proceed via a first order phase transition. In the broken phase the fermions are localized and lepton number violation is negligible. The lepton-bulk scalar Yukawa couplings contain sizable CP phases which induce lepton production near the interface between the two phases. We provide a qualitative estimation of the resultant baryon asymmetry which agrees with current observation. The neutrino flavor parameters are accounted for by the above model with an additional approximate U(1) symmetry.
Comparison of organic (UK'37, TEXH86, LDI) and faunal proxies (foraminiferal assemblages) for reconstruction of late Quaternary sea surface temperature variability from offshore southeastern Australia

Several proxies have been developed to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST), but different proxies may reflect temperatures of different seasons and each proxy is characterized by certain uncertainties. Therefore, a multiproxy approach is preferred to precisely reconstruct SST. Here, we reconstruct SST of the ocean offshore southeastern Australia (Murray Canyons area) for the last ~135 ka using three independent organic proxies (TEXH86 based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), UK'37 based on alkenones, and LDI based on long-chain diols) in addition to foraminiferal faunal assemblages. The organic proxy records show similar trends, with the highest temperature (21°C for UK'37 and TEXH86, and 25°C for LDI) during the last interglacial and lowest temperature (8°C for TEXH86, 10°C for UK'37, and 12°C for LDI) during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the differences in absolute SST estimates obtained by the organic proxies varied over time with differences of up to 9°C between LDI and TEXH86. The seasonal SST reconstructions based on the modern analogue of foraminiferal assemblages also show similar trends as the organic proxies with highest temperatures during the last interglacial (23°C for the warmest month SST, 20°C for mean annual, and 18°C for the coolest month) and lowest temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum (14°C for the warmest month, 11°C for mean annual, and 9°C for the coolest month). Down core comparison between the reconstructed SSTs of the organic and inorganic proxies shows that LDI-inferred temperatures compare well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month, and UK'37 with mean annual temperature. An increase in TEXH86 SST estimates relative to those of other proxies during deglaciations and interglacials suggests that either winter temperatures rapidly warmed, possibly due to an invigoration of the Leeuwin Current over the core site, or there was a change in the growth season of the Thaumarchaeota, the source organism of GDGTs. Our study shows the benefits of a multiproxy approach in the interpretation of SST proxies, leading to a more robust knowledge of past ocean temperature changes.
Decolorization of dyes by Aspergillus ochraceus cultivated under solid state fermentation on sugar beet waste

Solid state fermentation (SSF) is defined as fermentation process performed in the absence of free water on non-soluble materials which can act as physical support and source of nutrient to microorganisms. In this paper, Aspergillus ochraceus was cultivated in solid state fermentation using sugar industry waste. In order to decolorize dyes, two different methods were applied using sugar beet waste a) as a substrate for A. ochraceus cultivation and as dyes adsorbent ; and b) as a substrate for A. ochraceus cultivation with the aim of extracellular enzymes production that can be used for dyes decolorization in batch experiments. 100 % conversion of textile violet dye decolorization, 57 % of textile green dye decolorization, 41.1 % of congo red and 51.9 % conversion of metylene blue was reached in batch experiments using produced extracellular enzymes.
Internet of Things (IoT) for Integrating Environmental and Localization Data in Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Digital transformation is an ongoing challenge in construction. Whereas central storage and planning with Building Information Modeling (BIM) can be considered state-of-the-art, the integration of realtime data like environmental and localization data of workers in indoor work environments can provide further benefits for operations management in construction and facility management. This paper introduces the concept of permanent availability of up-to-date actual performance data sets through an Internet-of-Things (IoT) approach that integrates environmental and localization data in a cloud-based BIM platform. In this paper, we reflect on the usage of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the lean and injury-free (LIFE) construction management approach, create a concept to implement the topics in existing systems, design and create a prototypical application, validate the prototype in field-typical work settings, and critically review the results.
Leading edge interfacial phenomena of sheet and cloud cavitation

The formation and dynamics of cavity leading edge cell-like structures on a NACA 16-029 section hydrofoil has been investigated for a range of Reynolds numbers for stable (supercavitation) and shedding cavities (cloud cavitation). Optical measurements of the cavitating structures are made to quantify geometric properties including the size range and shape of the socalled cells, as well as the dynamic behaviour involving growth, division, decline and elimination. Leading edge cell structure was found to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium for the supercavitating case with cell mean cell size a function of the overlying boundary layer thickness. For shedding cavities, the leading edge evolved cyclically from surface related nuclei into streaks, merging to form a contiguous, shedding modulated, cellular structure. In both cases cells grow and with the onset of destabilization division occurs, indicative of the Saffman-Talyor instability.