Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localized hypoplasia of the primary canine in bonobos, orangutans, and gibbons.

This paper extends observations by Lukacs ([1999] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 110:351-363; [2001] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 116:199-208) of localized hypoplasia of the primary canine (LHPC) among large apes to gibbons, bonobos, and orangutans. LHPC is a roughly circular area of deficient enamel on the labial surface of primary canine teeth which, on current evidence from humans, forms several months after birth due to malnutrition-induced craniofacial osteopenia, leading to crypt fenestration that exposes the dental follicle and more deep-sited ameloblasts to minor physical traumata during normal motor infant development. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of LHPC among a variety of apes which differ in body mass and socioecology, with a view to elucidating the etiology of the defect. We examined juvenile dentitions from 122 animals from three taxa: 8 Hylobates lar, 75 Pongo pygmaeus from Borneo and Sumatra, and 39 Pan paniscus from central Africa. Reported variables include taxon, sex, arcade, side, and tooth size. Presence/absence and ordinal severity of defect expression were recorded by description, microphotography, and scanning electron microscopy. Molds were taken in high-resolution dental impression materials and cast in epoxy resin. There are clear taxonomic, but no sex, differences. Prevalence ranged from 0.0% in gibbons to 61.5% in bonobos and 85.3% in orangutans. The result for orangutans is similar to that reported by Lukacs ([1999] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 110:351-363), while bonobos are much more affected than were the common chimpanzees (22%) described by Lukacs ([1999] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 110:351-363). There are no significant antimeric differences, but the lower canine is much more affected than the upper by LHPC. We show that larger teeth are more affected by LHPC and have more severe defects. Also, we encountered several instances of patent or healing canine crypt fenestrations, occasionally in direct association with LHPC. Location of the defect indicates that LHPC may occur perinatally but more usually several months postnatally. Histological examination showing the neonatal line and LHPC is required to resolve the issue of timing. We concur with Lukacs ([1999] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 110:351-363) that taxonomic, anatomical, and environmental variables combine to determine the occurrence and appearance of LHPC. Nevertheless, we conclude that LHPC probably reflects deficient growth of the arcades in infant apes and humans.
Green human resource management practices: scale development and validity

Previous studies on green human resource management (GHRM) are mainly positioned at theoretical or qualitative level. There is urgent need to develop a valid measurement of GHRM and then to offer more insights into the implication of it on individual or organizational performance. The aim of this study was to propose and validate an instrument to measure GHRM. Based on exploratory analysis (study 1), it was established that GHRM includes five dimensions: green recruitment and selection, green training, green performance management, green pay and reward, and green involvement. Confirmatory factor analysis (study 2) was used to confirm the factor structure of study 1. The results indicated that the proposed measurement is valid. This study is the first and also the most comprehensive one to measure main human resource practices for environmental management, which can provide broader focus for further research and for practitioners.
Integrative Expression System for Delivery of Antibody Fragments by Lactobacilli

ABSTRACT A series of expression cassettes which mediate secretion or surface display of antibody fragments was stably integrated in the chromosome of Lactobacillus paracasei. L. paracasei producing surface-anchored variable domain of llama heavy chain (VHH) (ARP1) directed against rotavirus showed efficient binding to rotavirus and protection in the mouse model of rotavirus infection.
Depressive Symptoms in College Women

The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effect of childhood and adulthood violence on depressive symptoms in a sample of Jordanian college women. Snowball sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. The participants were heterosexual college-aged women between the ages of 18 and 25. The participants were asked about their experiences of childhood violence (including physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and witnessing parental violence), partner violence (including physical partner violence and sexual partner violence), experiences of depressive symptoms, and about other demographic and familial factors as possible predictors for their complaints of depressive symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis was implemented to identify demographic- and violence-related predictors of their complainants of depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was further performed to identify possible type(s) of violence associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in this sample was 47.4%. For the violence experience, witnessing parental violence was the most common during childhood, experienced by 40 (41.2%) women, and physical partner violence was the most common in adulthood, experienced by 35 (36.1%) women. Results of logistic regression analysis indicated that experiencing two types of violence (regardless of the time of occurrence) was significant in predicting depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, p < .05). Among college women’s demographic characteristics, marital status (single vs. engaged), mothers’ level of education, income, and smoking were significant in predicting depressive symptoms. Assessment of physical violence and depressive symptoms including the cumulative impact of longer periods of violence on depressive symptoms is recommended to be explored in future studies.
Postsynaptic M1 and M3 receptors are responsible for the muscarinic enhancement of retrograde endocannabinoid signalling in the hippocampus

The cholinergic system is crucial for higher brain functions including learning and memory. These functions are mediated primarily by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that consist of five subtypes (M1–M5). A recent study suggested a novel role of acetylcholine as a potent enhancer of endocannabinoid signalling that acts retrogradely from postsynaptic to presynaptic neurons. In the present study, we further investigated the mechanisms of this cholinergic effect on endocannabinoid signalling. We made paired whole‐cell recordings from cultured hippocampal neurons, and monitored inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). The postsynaptic depolarization induced a transient suppression of IPSCs (DSI), a phenomenon known to involve retrograde signalling by endocannabinoids. The cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) markedly enhanced DSI at 0.01–0.3 µm without changing the presynaptic cannabinoid sensitivity. The facilitating effect of CCh on DSI was mimicked by the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine‐M, whereas it was eliminated by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. It was also blocked by a non‐hydrolizable analogue of GDP (GDP‐β‐S) that was applied intracellularly to postsynaptic neurons. The muscarinic enhancement of DSI persisted to a substantial degree in the neurons prepared from M1‐knockout and M3‐knockout mice, but was virtually eliminated in the neurons from M1/M3‐compound‐knockout mice. CCh still enhanced DSI significantly under the blockade of postsynatpic K+ conductance, and did not significantly influence the depolarization‐induced Ca2+ transients. These results indicate that the activation of postsynaptic M1 and M3 receptors facilitates the depolarization‐induced release of endocannabinoids.
A comparative study of the antithrombotic effect of aurintricarboxylic acid on arterial thrombosis in rats and guinea‐pigs

1 . The antithrombotic effect of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) which inhibits binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelet glycoprotein lb (GPlb) receptor was evaluated in photochemically‐induced thrombosis models in the femoral artery of rats and guinea‐pigs. 2 . ATA at a dose of 10 mg kg−1 significantly prolonged the time required for thrombotic occlusion of the artery in rats. The antithrombotic efficacy was associated with a significant inhibition of platelet retention and ex vivo botrocetin‐induced platelet aggregation. 3 . On the other hand, in guinea‐pigs, ATA at the same dose inhibited the platelet retention and the platelet aggregation, but did not prevent thromboocclusion. 4 . ATA inhibited aggregation of washed platelets from rats or guinea‐pigs in response to botrocetin and thrombin in a dose‐dependent manner (1–30 μm), and to the same extent. 5 . ATA moderately increased activated partial thromboplastin time and bleeding time in both species. 6 . These results indicate that vWF may play a role in the development of occlusive arterial thrombosis in the rat, but not in the guinea‐pig. 7 . The antithrombotic activity of ATA may partly arise from its inhibitory effect on thrombin, in addition to that on the vWF‐GPlb pathway.
Teorie criminologiche e corruzione. Uno studio esplicativo in ambito internazionale Criminological theories and corruption. An explanatory study at the international level

Although numerous studies have been carried out at a national and international level, there are very few that detail whether and to what extent criminological theories can yield insights useful for understanding the etiology of corruption. The article first identifies the criminological theories that seemingly possess better explanatory power in regard to corruption in the public sector, distinguishing between theories pertaining to a situational/mechanistic perspective and those related to a more historical/evolutionary one. The article then tests these criminological theories in 51 states of the world. It does so by tranforming these theories into measurable hypotheses with which to test a model where, in each country concerned, the dependent variable is represented by the percentage of firms expected to make informal payments to public officials to “get things done”, while the independent variables are represented by: the perception of the legal system’s certainty and impartiality and willingness to comply with the laws; the time that the entrepreneur spends with public officials on matters regarding the enterprise; government payments in exchange for goods and services; the percentage of firms that do not report all sales for tax purposes; and the percentage of firms with female participation in ownership. The results of the multiple linear regression between the dependent variable ‘corruption’ and the independent variables considered show that the model proposed is statistically significant (R square 0.246) and that the independent variable that has explanatory power is the one concerning tax evasion. This was identified as an expression of the differential association theory translated into the hypothesis that an increase in illegal conduct other than corruption by entrepreneurs leads to an increase in corruption itself.
Effect of Once-a-Week Training Program on Physical Fitness and Metabolic Control in Children With IDDM

To examine whether a physical activity program could improve physical fitness and glycemic control, 32 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined before the program and 3 mo later. Fifty percent of the subjects (n = 16) participated in the training for 1 h/wk (exercise group), whereas the remaining subjects were engaged in nonphysical activities for an equal amount of time (nonexercise group). Age of the subjects ranged from 8.2 to 16.9 yr, (mean 11.9 yr), with mean duration of diabetes 0.6-13.1 yr (5.2 yr). During the 3-mo program peak oxygen consumption (Vo2) rose from 40.0 to 43.8 ml · min-1 · m-2 (P < .01) in the exercise group but only by 1.3 ml · min-1 · m-2 in the nonexercise group (NS). Metabolic control did not improve in either group, with glycosylated hemoglobin level rising from 9.8 to 10.5% (P < .01) in the exercise group and from 9.4 to 9.7% (NS) in the control group. When subjects were stratified according to their participation, metabolic control was significantly better among diabetic subjects participating frequently (5:11 of 13 sessions) than among those participating infrequently (<11 of 13 sessions), regardless of the type of activity. It was concluded that a training program of 1 h/wk for 3 mo does improve physical fitness but not the metabolic control of diabetes. On the other hand, glycemic control appears to be best among diabetic subjects who are motivated to participate in any kind of program related to the treatment of their disease.
The Relationship between Institutional Ownership and Size and Tobin's Q Ratio of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

The attention of many investors in the stock market make this kind of capital market analysts and experts focused on the economy and stock. In the meantime, investors considering entering their capital in this sector are more sensitive to the issue. Because the lack of attention to issues related to these areas suffer irreparable losses. The most important factors when choosing stocks that investors consider the value and risks of the Company are based on their choice of investment opportunities. Because of the risk and value companies are affected by many factors and these factors indirectly influence on the decisions of investors.Therefore, knowing these essential factors. One of the most important of these factors is institutional ownership. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between institutional ownership and corporate value and risk.In order to achieve the objectives of the study were four hypotheses. In order to test this hypothesis on a sample of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2008 to 2013 have been selected. In this study now standard deviation of returns for risk measurement and metrics to measure the value of the Company's rate of return on assets, return on equity and Tobin's Q ratio is used. This study also included control variables trading volume, the total number of shares and number of shares traded. For hypothesis testing, multivariate regression was used to panel data.Data analysis and hypothesis testing results of the study show that between institutional ownership and Tobin's Q ratio in Tehran Stock Exchange there is a significant relationship. The results also show that between size and Tobin's Q ratio of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange is a significant relationship.
Bioactive compounds, folates and antioxidant properties of tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) during vine ripening

Bioactive compounds and their relationship with antioxidant activity were determined in three tomato cultivars (Ronaldo, Siena and Copo) during vine ripening. The lycopene, chlorophyll (total, a and b), total phenolic, flavonoid, vitamin C and folate contents, and the antioxidant activity, by the ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay and the β-carotene lineolate system, were determined in the samples. Tomato ripening involved the breakdown of chlorophylls, accompanied by a continuous increase in the lycopene content. Total phenolics, flavonoids and vitamin C increased significantly during ripening, whereas the folate content fell markedly as tomatoes turned from green to red. The lycopene and flavonoid content was highest in the Copo cultivar, vitamin C and folate highest in Ronaldo, and total phenolics highest in Siena. The antioxidant activity, as measured with the ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, increased significantly during ripening in all extracts, and showed a positive correlation with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. However, when measured with the β-carotene lineolate system, the antioxidant activity decreased significantly during ripening; perhaps due to the antioxidant activity of chlorophylls and the peroxidation activity of vitamin C.
Skin prick test responses to codeine, histamine, and ragweed utilizing the Multitest device.

Epicutaneous skin testing is a useful diagnostic tool in evaluating allergic disorders. Utilizing the Multitest device, skin prick test responses to codeine phosphate, histamine phosphate, and ragweed were examined in 56 human subjects. Relationships between the two positive controls, codeine and histamine, and their use as a reference denominator for ragweed reactions were assessed. Ragweed elicited detectable wheals in 15/56. Histamine phosphate (2.75 mg/mL) elicited a positive wheal response in 52/56 subjects, while codeine phosphate elicited a positive wheal in 39/56 and 30/56 subjects at 30 and 3 mg/mL, respectively. Wheal sizes for codeine phosphate at both 30 and 3 mg/mL showed significantly concordant relationships with histamine phosphate-induced wheal sizes (Spearman rho, P = .0084 and .0155, respectively); however the intersubject coefficient of variation was lower for histamine-induced wheal sizes (44%) than for codeine-induced wheal sizes (64% and 65%, respectively for 30 and 3 mg/mL). When a ratio of allergen to positive control reaction size was used to grade ragweed reactions, different patterns were observed using codeine compared with histamine. These results have implications in utilizing codeine phosphate as a positive skin prick test control for allergy testing.
Using SenseCam with an amnesic patient: Accessing inaccessible everyday memories

Forgetting is a normal and everyday occurrence that may sometimes reflect a complete loss of the mnemonic record or a failure to encode it in the first place. However, on many occasions with the help of cues we can eventually or suddenly recall a memory that seemed to be lost, thus highlighting the probability that many instances of “forgetting” may in fact reflect inaccessibility rather than true loss. We report here on our amnesic patient CR who presents an extreme example of this normal everyday forgetting. For 4 weeks, CR recorded regular personal autobiographical events both on a SenseCam (henceforth SC) and in a written diary form. Subjective and objective aspects of recall were measured each weekend both without any cues and then with either a SC or diary cue. We show that the SC enabled CR to recall significantly more detailed episodic memories than reading the diary and importantly we observed that the qualitative nature of these memories was different. We comment on the considerable potential of SC for therapeutic purposes.
Heritability of death from coronary heart disease: a 36‐year follow‐up of 20 966 Swedish twins

Abstract. Zdravkovic S, Wienke A, Pedersen NL, Marenberg ME, Yashin AI, de Faire U (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Max‐Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA). Heritability of death from coronary heart disease: a 36‐year follow‐up of 20 966 Swedish twins. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 247–254.
Response surface optimization of the cultivation conditions and medium components for the production of folate by Streptococcus thermophilus

Optimization of the cultivation conditions and medium components for folate production by the highest folate producing Streptococcus thermophilus strain RD102 was carried out using a 23 central composite design and surface modelling method of response surface methodology. As folate production was observed to be growth-associated, hence the desired responses selected for the optimization were both folate production and growth. The selected factors based on preliminary investigations were incubation period, concentrations of p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) the growth precursor, and lactose as carbon source. The optimum concentrations of PABA and lactose were found to be 300 μm and 3% respectively at 72 h incubation. The optimized conditions resulted in an increase in folate production by 26% compared with control conditions (0% PABA and lactose at 37°C). Using the method of experimental factorial design and response surface analysis, it was possible to determine optimal operating conditions to obtain a higher folate production by Strep. thermophilus. Therefore, this study constitutes a step in developing strategies to modulate the folate level to a higher level.
Cellular immune response to adenoviral vector infected cells does not require de novo viral gene expression: implications for gene therapy.

Replication-defective adenoviral (RDAd) vectors can be generated at high titers and infect both dividing and nondividing cells. Long term expression in the transduced tissue, however, has been a problem because of the cellular immune responses against the infected cells. We demonstrate that mice injected with RDAd vectors containing mouse leptin gene reduce food intake and lose weight for only 7 to 10 days. Splenocytes obtained from infected mice are able to lyse target cells infected with RDAd vectors. Surprisingly, target cells infected with psoralen-treated, UV-crosslinked, biologically inactive RDAd also were lysed efficiently by the effector cells. Furthermore, splenocytes obtained from mice injected with inactive RDAd vectors efficiently lysed target cells infected with RDAd vectors. Whether RDAd vectors were injected i.m. or i.v. or through an i.p. route, the extent of lysis was similar. We propose that cells infected with RDAd vectors present antigens for recognition by class 1 major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes by a mechanism that does not require viral replication or de novo protein synthesis. These results should prompt reevaluation of the use of RDAd vectors for gene therapy when long-term expression is required.
Visual prostheses.

The development of man-made systems to restore functional vision in the profoundly blind has recently undergone a renaissance that has been fueled by a combination of celebrity and government interest, advances in the field of bioengineering, and successes with existing neuroprosthetic systems. This chapter presents the underlying physiologic principles of artificial vision, discusses three contemporary approaches to restoring functional vision in the blind, and concludes by presenting several relevant questions to vision prostheses. While there has been significant progress in the individual components constituting an artificial vision system, the remaining challenge of integrating these components with each other and the nervous system does not lie strictly in the realm of neuroscience, medicine, or engineering but at the interface of all three. In spite of the apparent complexity of an artificial vision system, it is not unreasonable to be optimistic about its eventual success.