Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF 2 , 4-DINITROPHENOL AND POTASSIUM IODATE ON WHEAT GERMINATION

The dinitrophenol is an agent which enters frequently in the pesticides component, used largely in the practices of maintaining the agricultural cultures and management. The toxicity mechanism of these pesticides, acknowledged metabolic modulators, was discussed strongly correlated with the germinative faculty of wheat seeds, the Secuieni genre, but also with the level of photosynthetic and carotenoids pigments, respectively, the enzymes activity of oxidative stress (the peroxidase, the superoxide-dismutase and the catalase). The analyze of experimental results signalize the negative impact of dinitrophenol, but also of KIO3 (used like chemical agent of comparison for testing the toxicity degree of dinitrophenol) on seeds, respectively on Triticumaestivum seedlings, using like reference swatches, plots treated with distilled water.
PIP genes in drought-tolerant vetiver grass and responses of transgenic VzPIP 2 ; 1 soybean plants to water stress

Vetiver grass [Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash] displays comprehensive abiotic stress tolerance closely related to fine maintenance of plant water relation mediated by plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs). Two open reading frame sequences of PIPs (867 and 873 bp) were cloned from vetiver grass and named as VzPIP1;1 and VzPIP2;1, respectively. Expression of green fluorescent protein revealed only subcellular localization of VzPIP2;1 in the plasma membrane. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transgenic (VzPIP2;1) soybean plants had a higher water content in above-ground parts under sufficient water supply through enhancing transpiration as compared to the non-transgenic plants but displayed a more severe drought injury because of a lower photosynthesis and a higher transpiration rate. However, A. rhizogenes mediated transgenic soybean plants kept a higher water content in above-ground parts by improving root water transport and kept a more effective photosynthesis under normal and drought conditions. Additional key words: Agrobacterium, Glycine max, root hydraulic conductivity, transpiration, Vetiveria zizanioides.
Greenhalgh, Richard and Dempsey-Hibbert, Nina and Vagg-Whitehead,

Healthcare acquired infections (HAI's) are a worldwide problem that can be exacerbated by surgery and the implantation of polymeric medical devices. The use of polymer based medical devices which incorporate antimicrobial strategies are now becoming an increasingly routine way of trying to prevent the potential for reduce chronic infection and device failure. There are a wide range of potential antimicrobial agents currently being incorporated into such polymers. However, it is difficult to determine which antimicrobial agent provides the greatest infection control. The economics of replacing current methods with impregnated polymer materials further complicates matters. It has been suggested that the use of a holistic system wide approach should to be developed around the implantation of medical devices which minimises the potential risk of infection. However, the use of such different approaches is still being developed. The control of such infections is important for individual patient health and the economic implications for healthcare services.
Is soil biodiversity threatened by anthropogenic environmental changes ?

Copyright: © 2018. Authors. Licensee: Die SuidAfrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attibution License. Soil is a service-providing asset under growing pressure but it is also home to an array of soil-dwelling species encompassing virtually all terrestrial invertebrate phyla. The impact human-induced changes are having on the rich endemic soil biodiversity in many parts of the world is hardly known in spite of the fact that they play an important role in soils where they can influence chemical, physical and biological processes. Our literature search showed that although much has been written on the influence of global environmental changes on natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems, less than 3% of articles published in ecological journals dealt with belowground organisms or processes. Very few of these address the drivers of transformation such as rising CO2 levels, warming, land use, pollution and changing precipitation in relation to the very soil food webs underpinning human food production. In this review we highlight some of the main drivers of environmental change that are evidently impacting on soil ecosystems and posing a threat to soil biodiversity and processes. We examined the available evidence of such changes, their causes and possible impacts. We conclude that the evidence is mounting that the growth of land use, the increase in built-up areas, the physical and chemical impact of mining and other industrial activities, the landfarming of toxic wastes, the invasion of exotic species and shrub encroachment are also transforming the soil environment with consequences for soil biodiversity. The extent and severity of this impact and its long-term implications are not always very clear because much of the evidence is based on association rather than causation. A better understanding of the diversity and its role is needed before the environmental risks can be assessed reliably and goals of sustainability and conservation of soil biodiversity can be realised.
Stabilising selection on individual pattern elements of aposematic signals 1 2 3

20 Warning signal variation is ubiquitous but paradoxical: low variability should aid 21 recognition and learning by predators. However, spatial variability in the direction and strength of 22 selection for individual elements of the warning signal may allow phenotypic variation for some 23 components, but not others. Variation in selection may occur if predators only learn particular 24 colour pattern components rather than the entire signal. Here, we used a nudibranch mollusc, 25 Goniobranchus splendidus, which exhibits a conspicuous red spot/white body/yellow rim colour 26 pattern, to test this hypothesis. We first demonstrated that secondary metabolites stored within the 27 nudibranch were unpalatable to a marine organism. Using pattern analysis, we demonstrated that 28 the yellow rim remained invariable within and between populations; however, red spots varied 29 significantly in both colour and pattern. In behavioural experiments, a potential fish predator, 30 Rhinecanthus aculeatus, used the presence of the yellow rims to recognise and avoid warning 31 signals. Yellow rims remained stable in the presence of high genetic divergence among populations. 32 We therefore suggest that how predators learn warning signals may cause stabilizing selection on 33 individual colour pattern elements, and will thus have important implications on the evolution of 34 warning signals. 35 36 37
Lesões do manguito rotador * Rotator cuff injuries

Rotator cuff lesions represent a large group of diseases, ranging from acute tendinitis to all-components massive injury. There is a high prevalence, ranging from 7% to 40%, which increases with age. Literature shows a real possibility of evolution from partial lesions. Still unclear, the etiology is believed to be multifactorial, resulting from avascularity, from age, or from eccentric loading, all those factors leading to fiber failure and consequent functional reduction. This reduction would yield a humeral head rise, leading to secondary impingement at subacromial region. Internal impingement seems to be another disease component. With technological advancement of diagnostic methods, partial lesions have been more precisely detected, as chronic lesions prognosis is determinated by their pattern and muscle fatty degeneration. Arthroscopy has brought a significant contribution for better understanding of lesions, correction of existing defects and associated intra-articular lesions. Rotator cuff arthropathy is still an ill-defined entity, with no adequate treatment method as yet.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plus vascular endothelial growth factor additively promotes early growth of the transitional cell carcinoma cell line BFTC 905 in vitro and in vivo

Objective: The attempt to block one type of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling has been considered a main strategy for cancer therapy; however, cancer cells may survive using alternative RTK signaling. Thus, targeting multiple RTKs simultaneously may be a better treatment strategy. Previously, we demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via activating tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) is a survival factor for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Others have reported that autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways also play a crucial role in TCC growth. We aim to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of BDNF plus VEGF on the TCC cell line BFTC905 derived from the bladder cancer of a Taiwanese patient with black foot disease. Materials and Methods: Cell numbers were counted after administration of 50 nM BDNF and/or VEGF to the BFTC905 or primary human urothelial cell (HUC) cultures for 96 hours. The volumes of the xenograft tumors were measured 6 weeks after weekly injections of 100 ng BDNF and/or VEGF into the cancer cellloading site of NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/Tcu mice. The expression of TrkB in HUCs and VEGF receptor FLT-1 in BFTC905 cells and HUCs, as well as CD34 and Ki-67 in the xenograft tumors was determined by Western blotting. Results: The effects of increasing BFTC905 cell numbers were as follows: BDNF þ VEGF > BDNF > VEGF > control after 96 hours of treatment. The VEGF receptor FLT-1 was expressed in BFTC905 cells. Exogenous BDNF and/or VEGF did not promote the proliferation of HUCs. In addition, TrkB and FLT1 were very weakly expressed in HUCs. After treatment for 5 weeks, the effects of exogenously administered BDNF and/or VEGF on the xenograft tumor volume were as follows: BDNF þ VEGF > BDNF > VEGF > control. However, similar tumor sizes with few metastases were found in the four groups of mice after treatment for 6 weeks. The expression levels of the angiogenic marker CD34 and proliferative marker Ki-67 were also similar among these four groups of xenograft tumors. Conclusion: Exogenous BDNF plus VEGF additively promotes the early growth of BFTC905 in vitro and in vivo without affecting the normal urothelium. Targeted blockade of both TrkB and VEGF signaling might be an effective treatment for adjuvant bladder cancer therapy or in the early stage of high-grade TCC. Copyright 2013, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved. it, Buddhist Tzu Chi General lien, Taiwan. Tel. : þ886 3
Leveraging External Knowledge : Organisational Antecedents and Moderators

Leveraging External Knowledge: Organisational Antecedents and Moderators Nan Kyung Kim Sogang University 1st year 31st Dec 2019 nkkim@sogang.ac. kr The open innovation literature has revealed positive outcomes and applications of open innovation, but, in practice, ‘internal mechanism of open innovation process’ has been regarded as an unknown black box. There are only a few studies looking into the process that leads to open innovation and there exist still many unanswered questions regarding the mechanism of open innovation. To address this research gap, this paper aims to unpack the open innovation process to identify potential factors affecting firms’ change readiness. The basic idea is that the capability to innovate innovation consists of two parts – antecedents and moderators. Organisational antecedents will play leading indicator roles in establishing open innovation friendly atmosphere, and moderators, i.e., ‘configuration of organisational settings’ will be an important driver accelerating open innovation process of well-prepared firms. To investigates this two-stage readiness, data of 431 innovative manufacturing firms are collected and analysed using partial least square (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) method. For antecedents, the results suggested the importance of organisational flexibility and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in establishing open innovation friendly climate. For moderators, this paper examined the impacts of various internal moderators, such as incentive, formal and informal appropriation and knowledge management and the results suggested that the effects of each moderator were differently configured according to the nature of each open innovation activity, i.e., the degree of openness. The current research provides managerial implications, e.g., what factors are important for the establishment of open innovation friendly organisational atmosphere and how to optimise organisational settings to encourage a specific open innovation activity.
Aflatoxin M 1 Concentration in Various Dairy Products : Evidence for Biologically Reduced Amount of AFM 1 in Yoghurt

Aflatoxins (AFs) are known mycotoxins that threatening humans and animals health with causing disorders such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition to causing the certain cancers, AFs suppress the immune system and potentiate the other hepatotoxic compounds toxicity. The carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of AFs are mainly related to the conversion of AFB1 into AFB1 8, 9-epoxide, which is able to bind the proteins and nucleic acids (1). Aflatoxins-induced reproductive disorders including disruption of testicular structure, secretion of androgens and generation of meiotic micronucleate giant spermatocytes have been previously reported (2). Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1, which is found in milk and dairy products. Its weaker carcinogenicity than AFB1 has been reported in laboratory animals. Besides, previous studies showed that there are potential hazardous human exposure to AFM1 through the consumption of milk and milk products (3). Therefore, several countries have legislated action levels of AFMl in milk and dairy products (4). As AFM1 is heat stable compound, thereAbstract Background: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a carcinogenic substance is found in milk and dairy products. The effect of season and type of dairy products on AFM1 level in northern Iran was investigated in this study. Methods: Three hundred samples (each season 75 samples) including raw and pasteurized milk, yoghurt, cheese, and cream samples were collected from three distinct milk producing farms. The samples were subjected to chemical and solid phase extractions and were analyzed by using HPLC technique. Recovery percentages, limit of detection and limit of quantification values were determined. Results: Seventy percent and 98% were the minimum and maximum recoveries for cheese and raw milk, respectively and 0.021 and 0.063 ppb were the limit of detection and limit of quantification values for AFM1. We found that in autumn and winter the highest level (0.121 ppb) of AFM1 in cheese and cream samples and failed to detect any AFM1 in spring samples. Interestingly, our data showed that the yoghurt samples had the lowest level of AFM1 in all seasons. Conclusion: There are significant differences between the AFM1 levels in dairy products in various seasons and also various types of products, suggesting spring and summer yoghurt samples as the safest products from AFM1 level point of view.
: 2349-7092 CODEN ( USA ) : PCJHBA Status of Herbal Drugs in Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy refers to group of diseases related to abnormal structure and functioning of the myocardium that triggers heart failure and death. These may be primary myocardial disorders which may have genetic, non genetic or acquired causes or may originate as a secondary consequence to number of conditions like ischemia, inflammation, infections, increased heart load or exposure to certain toxicants. Cardiomyopathies are now being recognized with increasing frequency due to better understanding and clinical recognition of the cases and advances in cardiac Imaging techniques. Apart from the synthetic therapeutic approaches in practice herbal medicines also play great role in cardiomyopathies. The use of herbal medicines in treatment of ailments is employed since human history. Ayurveda is seen as the most traditional and promising form of medicine in India due to inexpensive and easy availability of herbal drugs with minimum side effects. In this article we will study the major herbal drugs that can be utilized as a remedy for cardiomyopathies.
Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

Several general properties are proved to be equivalent to Hahn-Banach extension property in a partial ly ordered vector space• The properties include the least upper bound property, the separation property and modified Farkas-Minkowski or Kuhn-Tucker or Krein properties. Key words; Partially ordered vector space, Hahn-Banach theorem, separation property, AMS: 46-00, 46A40 Hef. 2. : 7.97 §
Of Princesses , Paladins , and Players : Gender Stereotypes in Video Games 1

The video game medium fascinates both men and women. In fact, women play games at a rate nearly equal to men in countries like the United States (Entertainment Software Association, 20161), the United Kingdom (Ukie, 20172), or Germany (BIU, 20163). However, men and women substantially differ in what games they prefer (e.g., Cruea & Park, 2012; see also Lange & Schwab, this volume) and how they play (Poels, De Cock, & Malliet, 2012; Williams, Consalvo, Caplan, & Yee, 2009). Therefore, the reason for the evident gender differences in game preferences and play styles has to be sought either within the individuals or the video game medium itself. Video games have been labeled ‘boys’ toys’ and accused of suffering from an extensive male bias (Lucas & Sherry, 2004), or even representing a self-contained male space, where playing video games is an activity created by men and for men (Fox & Tang, 2014). The present chapter tries to elucidate this rather gloomy characterization with a focus on gender representation. A number of factors have been identified for the apparent gender discrepancy in video games (see also Lange & Schwab, this volume). This includes the greater availability of games and gaming equipment in boys’ homes and the competitive and violent nature of many games that serve the evolved male interest in competition but are incompatible with the female gender role (e.g., Hartmann, Möller, & Krause, 2014). A third major reason relates to how gender is typically portrayed in video games, in terms of the characters’ abilities, behavior, and appearance. In this regard, the representation of female game characters has been characterized as “a perplexing issue for social scientists” (Lynch, Tompkins, van Driel, & Fritz, 2016, p.13). The present analyses will draw on theoretical considerations that attribute gender differences in gaming either to evolve dispositions or to the differing placement of women and men in the social structure (Eagly & Wood, 1999). As will be described below, presentation and typical roles of male and female video game characters appear to be in line with both accounts.
SERIES UNCOVERING SOME CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PRODUCTIViTY GROWTH AND THE STRUCTURE OF ECONOMIC FLUD 1 JATIONS : A TENTATIVE SURVEY

This paper discusses recent theoretical and empirical work on the interactions between growth and business cycles. One may distinguish two very different types of approaches to the problem of the influence of macroeconomic fluctuations on long-run growth. In the first type of approach, which relies on learning by doing mechanisms or aggregate demand externalities, productivity growth and direct production activities are complements. An expansion therefore has a positive long'run effect on total factor productivity, hi the second type of approach, hereafter labeled "opportunity cost" or "learning-by-doing", productivity growth and production activities are substitutes. The opportunity cost of some productivity improving activities falls in a recession, which has a long-run positive impact on output This does not mean, however, that recessions should on avenge last longer or be more frequent, since the expectation of future recessions reduces today's incentives for productivity growth. We also briefly discuss some empirical work which is mildly supportive of the opportunity cost approach, while showing that it can be reconciled with the observed pro-cyclical behavior of measured total factor productivity. We also describe some theoretical work on the effects of growth on business cycles. Philippe Aghion Gilles Saint-Paul Nuffield College ENS Oxford OX! 1NF 48 Boulevard Jordan UNITED KINGDOM Paris 75014 FRANCE
0 Optimization of Optical Inspections Using Spectral Analysis

Machine vision is proving its potential to be an efficient tool for increasing product quality and for decreasing manufacturing costs. Many applications use automated optical inspection systems for measuring mechanical dimensions and for monitoring quality features of manifold products. Optical inspection systems consist mainly of a handling system, a vision system and a user interface. The vision system can be divided into an acquisition and processing part. While there exists much literature about image processing there is less attention spent for designing an image acquisition system. The system accuracy and processing speed correlates directly to image quality defined as the contrast between the different features (e.g. objects) in the image. Caused by the increasing complexity and difficulty of the inspection tasks and the demand for increasing throughputs, image quality gets more important for reliable vision systems. This chapter deals with spectral methods for the selection of hardware components within the acquisition system to optimize image quality. We show that our analytical methods will increase image quality and decrease classification error rates of a vision system.
Cultural Identity in Monica Ali ’ s Brick Lane : A Bhabhian Perspective

This paper explores the question of cultural identity in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane (2003) through making specific reference to Homi Bhabha’s views of hybridity, third space, mimicry and ambivalence. Though Ali’s novel has been discussed in light of traditional postcolonialism, it has not been duly scrutinized through a dominantly Bhabhian perspective. Besides making use of Bhabha’s theories, this article draws upon the works of some other theorists of cultural identity such as Stuart Hall and Edward Said to highlight its emphasis on a Bhabhian approach. Grounding its discussion in Bhabha’s theory of cultural identity, it explores the way/s the major characters in Ali’s novel struggle to realize their sense of cultural identity in their own different ways. Specific emphasis is laid on the novel’s protagonist Nazneen and the development of her
Stage specific external collaboration for New Product Development . Does firm size matter for partner selection and performance ?

This study makes a step in a new direction and measures the impact of external collaboration with various partners at five stages of the new product development process on the share of innovative sales. The data are drawn from the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) and comprise of 317 large firms and 1475 small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The Resource-Based View of the firm (RBV) is used to hypothesize at which stages of the new product development process large firms and their smaller counterparts benefit from a collaboration with external partners. It sticks out that a collaboration with customers is valuable at almost every stage and a collaboration with suppliers especially at the middle stages. However, with regard to links at the value chain there are only slight differences observable between the two types of firms. Surprisingly the collaboration with universities has a positive impact at almost all stages for SMEs. For large firms this positive impact is observable mainly at the middle stages. The paper closes with careful recommendations for decision-makers in firm practice and innovation policy. Stage specific external collaboration for New Product Development. Does firm size matter for partner selection and performance?