Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review on numerical approaches to simulate heat transfer of turbulent supercritical CO2 flows

Abstract Extensive computational investigations have been performed to obtain more detailed information about the peculiar phenomena of turbulent supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) flow as ideal heat transfer fluids in various thermal engineering applications. This paper reviews the simulation techniques used and discusses their advantages, shortcomings and applicability. Not only is a comprehensive inspection on various computational approaches provided, but also the model refinements are suggested. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) provides valuable and reliable information about the thermohydraulics of turbulent sCO2 flows, in particular within the near-wall region, which well interprets the observed heat transfer enhancement and deterioration with property variations, flow acceleration and buoyancy discussed. However, DNS is not feasible when it comes to high Reynolds number flows with complex geometries encountered in practical applications because of the drastically increasing computational cost. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling is able to fill the gap with acceptable accuracy and becomes the mainstream for turbulent sCO2 heat transfer simulations. The flow and heat transfer behaviors of turbulent sCO2 can be simulated using RANS modeling leading to acceptable predictions. However, the performance variation is considerable for different models and for the same model of changing operating conditions, model generality is not reached. In addition, some treatments implemented into the RANS models for constant property fluids are not appropriate for variable-property sCO2 flows, causing inconsistency on the mixed convection predictions. Variable turbulent Prandtl number and more advanced calculation schemes for buoyancy production of turbulent kinetic energy are strongly recommended. Also, more appropriate treatments for damping functions are demanded to enable the model properly respond to the local property changes, particularly near the wall. Much simpler models with far less computational cost based upon the two-layer theory are being developed to achieve the generality. While this is promising, the examinations are still limited to the certain conditions and some model parameters need to be calibrated against the DNS data, which definitely reduces the model universality since DNS only covers a limited range of operating conditions. Developing more generic and reliable RANS models is still the main focus of simulation techniques used for turbulent sCO2 heat transfer.
Modélisation de stratégies d'aménagement durable dans un contexte de paludification : une analyse par coûts-bénéfices afin de maintenir un maximum de forêt fermée

iii Table des matières . iv Liste des figures . vi Liste des tableaux . vii Liste des abréviations . viii Remerciements . ix Introduction . 1 Contexte . 1 Aménagement forestier en pessière à mousse québécoise . 3 Calcul de possibilité et gestion du risque. 4 Analyses coûts-bénéfices et risques . 5 Objectifs . 5 Chapitre 1 Méthode . 7 Zone d’étude . 7 Calcul de possibilité forestière . 11 Modèle de dynamique du paysage . 12 Sélection et comparaison de scénarios . 18 Indicateurs utilisés pour l’analyse par coûts-bénéfices . 19 Analyse des résultats . 23 Chapitre 2 Résultats . 25 Simulation des feux . 25 Comparaison des scénarios TEM, FEU, PAL et REF . 25 Comparaison des scénarios de reboisement REF, TOT, ACC . 26 Chapitre 3 Discussion . 34 Stratégie de maintien de la forêt fermée . 34 Période critique et stratégie de maintien de la forêt fermée . 35 Aménagement forestier durable par rapport au risque . 36 Incertitudes et limites de la modélisation . 37 Portée de l’étude . 40 Conclusion . 42
Douleur chez le donneur de rein : comparaison de la consommation morphinique post-opératoire entre les néphrectomies donneur vivant et les néphrectomies pour cause médicale

Introduction : La transplantation de rein donneur vivant est la meilleure therapeutique de l’insuffisance renale terminale. L’evaluation de la douleur et sa prise en charge chez le donneur sont des elements cles pour le developpement de cette technique. Il existe peu d’etudes evaluant la douleur post-operatoire et son retentissement chez le donneur vivant. L'objectif de cette etude etait de comparer la douleur post-operatoire entre les donneurs vivants et les patients operes de nephrectomie a but therapeutique. Methode : Dans cette etude prospective observationnelle monocentrique, 39 patients operes de nephrectomie coelioscopique ont ete inclus : 24 donneurs vivants (groupe DV) et 15 patients operes de nephrectomie totale elargie pour raison medicale (groupe NTE). Les protocoles anesthesiques et analgesiques etaient identiques. En per-operatoire, l'analgesie etait assuree par du sufentanil, de la ketamine et de la lidocaine IVSE. L'analgesie post-operatoire comprenait du paracetamol, du nefopam et une PCA de morphine. Le critere de jugement principal etait la consommation morphinique cumulee a H72. Les criteres de jugement secondaires comprenaient les donnees demographiques et operatoires, la consommation morphinique et les echelles de douleur (EN) a H0, H8, H16, H24, H48. Les scores d’anxiete a H24 et M3, les effets indesirables lies au morphiniques et la duree d’hospitalisation etaient comparees entre les deux groupes. Resultats : Il n’a pas ete retrouve de difference significative entre les deux groupes concernant la consommation de morphine cumulee a H72 : 14mg [6-22] pour le groupe DV et 13 mg [10-33] pour le groupe NTE, p=0,511. La consommation morphinique et les scores de douleur (EN) etaient similaires entre les deux groupes a H0, H8, H16, H24, H48 et H72. Les patients du groupe DV etaient plus souvent de sexe feminin (58% contre 27% dans le groupe NTE, p=0,027). Les patients du groupe NTE presentaient plus souvent une hypertension arterielle (47% contre 8%, p = 0,012) et un debit de filtration glomerulaire moins eleve (85,0ml/min/m2 contre 103,5 dans le groupe DV, p<0,0001). La duree d’anesthesie etait plus longue dans le groupe DV (270 min VS 220 min, p<0,001). Il n’y avait pas de difference entre les deux groupes concernant les scores d’anxiete a H24 (p=0,977) et M3 (p=0,883). Les effets indesirables lies aux morphiniques et la duree d’hospitalisation etaient similaires dans les deux groupes (p=0,299). Conclusion ans notre etude, les patients operes pour don de rein par cœlioscopie ne semblaient pas plus douloureux que les patients operes de nephrectomie par cœlioscopie. Dans le contexte du don d'organe, la prise en charge optimale des personnes prelevees est indispensable. L'amelioration de l'analgesie post-operatoire et la prevention des douleurs chroniques sont necessaires a la bonne recuperation des donneurs.
Exploring effects of ship traffic characteristics and environmental conditions on ship collision frequency

ABSTRACT This study aims to model the complex relationship among the traffic characteristics (i.e. traffic flow, traffic speed, traffic density), environmental conditions (i.e. darkness condition, weather condition and traffic lane width) and frequency of ship collisions in the Yangtze River estuary areas. Taking into account the effects of ship approach angle, ship type, relative speed and darkness condition on the capability of ship collision avoidance, a dynamic ship domain model has been presented to measure ship collision frequency. Considering the big variation associated with the collision frequency, the measured ship collision frequency is further modeled as a loglogistic-distributed function of traffic characteristics and environmental conditions. Results show that the collision frequency is greater for (i) the bigger traffic flow; (ii) the bigger traffic density; (iii) the narrower traffic lane width; and (iv) the adverse weather condition. The darkness condition is the influencing factor that produces the biggest effect on the ship collision frequency.
Institutional Networks of Association for GIS Use: The Case of an Urban Local Body in India

In the past decade, India has witnessed rapid urban transformation leading to a changing urban governance culture in the country. This has prompted a growing push toward informationization of government practices coupled with the government’s ambition of building an information infrastructure. Urban local bodies (ULBs) in particular have become the arena for implementation of planning policies conceptualized by the central government as it strives to manage the urban population and fulfill its information technology ambitions. In this process, there has been a growing use of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial technologies by Indian ULBs. GIS use by Indian ULBs is highly uneven and variable, however. This unevenness can be explained by using literature on critical GIS and politics of scale. Critical GIS highlights the importance of power relations and institutional structures in an organization’s GIS practices, and politics of scale helps to understand the complexities of network formation and power relations embedded in such networks that facilitate an organization’s GIS use. Through an in-depth case study of Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC), this study demonstrates that active construction of scalar politics and networks of association is key in a ULB’s attempts toward spatial engagement. SMC constructs thematic and territorial networks of association to procure material and discursive resources and uses “scale jumping” as a representational strategy to garner political influence. Such a strategy enables SMC to form alliances with key actors and navigate power structures facilitating their GIS use, reflecting the politicized nature of GIS constructions for urban governance by an Indian ULB.
Rôle des récepteurs P2X4 dans la dégradation d’ApoE : implication dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

Les recepteurs purinergiques P2X4 (P2X4R) sont des recepteurs canaux exprimes par les neurones et les microglies du systeme nerveux central et sont impliques dans de nombreux processus physiologiques et pathologiques. Des etudes preliminaires, menees au sein du laboratoire, ont permis de mettre en evidence une interaction entre P2X4R etl’Apolipoproteine E (ApoE), ainsi qu’une augmentation d’ApoE dans les macrophages et les microglies provenant de souris deficientes pour P2X4R. Basee sur ces observations, la premiere partie de cette these a cherche a caracteriser les mecanismes impliquant P2X4R dans cet effet. ApoE etant un facteur de risque majeur dans la maladie d’Alzheimer, la deuxieme partie de cette these a ete consacree a etudier l’implication de P2X4R dans cette pathologie.Les resultats presentes montrent que P2X4R module l’activite de la cathepsine B, enzyme responsable de la degradation lysosomale d’ApoE. L’utilisation de souris APP/PS1 a permis de montrer que l’absence de P2X4R conduit a une amelioration des capacites mnesiques, une diminution de la concentration de peptide Aβ soluble ainsi qu’a une augmentation d’ApoEmicrogliale.Ces resultats indiquent que P2X4R regule la degradation d’ApoE par un mecanisme dependant de la cathepsine B, et que son invalidation permet d’ameliorer les symptomes cognitifs de la maladie d’Alzheimer.
Prediction of Cerebral Autoregulation in Intensive Care Patients

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are leading causes of death. Their treatment however usually relies on simple methods which are neither patientnor disease-specific. Furthermore, current treatment strategies are reactive and based on the observation of the current state of the patient and its clinical context. To improve the outcome of TBI and SAH patients it was shown that it is important to monitor cerebral autoregulation (CA). Through CA the brain is able to regulate the cerebral blood flow and prevent permanent brain damage. Even though CA itself is not measurable directly, it can be quantified by so called CA indices. In this work we propose multiple predictive models to forecast the physiological parameters ICP, ABP, and CPP and the CA indices PRx, TF, and IAAC up to two hours into the future. For our proposed models we selected the best out of 9 different sets of feature classes for each prediction horizon and for each prediction target. The different feature classes were derived from statistical, spectral, morphological, and bag of words features. We evaluated our models on 26 patients from the MIMIC II data set and one 5 patients from a private data set using a leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. For a forecasting horizon of 30 minutes on the MIMIC II data set we achieved a prediction accuracy of 6.67± 1.98 mmHg for ABP, 6.87± 1.72 mmHg for CPP, 1.94± 0.94 mmHg for ICP, 0.28± 0.05 for PRx, 0.04± 0.04 for TF, and 0.19± 0.03 for IAAC. The best models often used statistical summaries, CA indices, or entropy based features. We achieved a relative decrease of prediction error compared to the baseline by up to 11% (13%, 13%) for ICP (ABP, CPP) and 24% (21%), for PRx and IAAC respectively.
PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN CHILDREN IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

The results show that most of the respondents are Females. The results show that most of the respondents are more than 7 years old. The results show that most of the respondents are out patients. The results show that most of the respondents have average income. The results show that most of the respondents did a mixture of breastfeeding and bottle feeding to feed their children.
Kõrk beyave üstü kadõnlarda osteoporoz risk faktörleri Osteoporosis risk factors in the women over 45-years old

Aim: The social and economic burden of osteoporosis is increasing worldwide, as the population ages. The clinical evaluation of osteoporosis in clinical practise is depend on the avareness of patients and health staff. The aim of this study was to determine osteoporosis risk factors on the female patients over 45-year old admitted to the menopauses outpatient clinic at Baskent University. Materials and methods: A total of 272 patient over 45 years of age with the complaint of menopause were included and Osteoporosis risk factors of 146 women who had lumbar and femoral neck bone density of 5) led increased incidence of osteoporosis (p<0.05). Conclusions: The individuals with risk factors of osteoporosis should be regularly controlled and preventive measures should be advised.
Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerin Ve Biyoloji Danişman Öğretmenlerinin BILSEM Biyoloji Proje Çalişmalari Hakkindaki Görüşleri

The aim of the study was to determine the views of gifted students and biology consultant teachers about process of biology project work in Science and Art Centers. The study group consisted of 46 gifted students and 2 biology consultant teachers at two science and art centers (SACs) located in Marmara Region. Qualitative research method was employed. Data were collected through a student questionnaire related to biology project work, and through student and consultant teacher interview forms related to biology project work. Analysis of qualitative data was made by content analysis . The results reveal that the gifted students had some difficulties in finding original project topics, that the project topics were proposed by the consultant teachers, and that t he students had some problems in the planning, presentation, evaluation and reporting processes of biology project work.
Phase-Control Techniques for Sub-Sampling Phase-Locked Loops

Local oscillators with phase-control can be applied in a wide range of applications, from antenna phased arrays to synchronization. In this work, two techniques for introducing phase-control to a sub-sampling phase-locked loop (SSPLL) are presented. By means of a biasing voltage or a tuning current, it is possible to continuously control the output phase of the SSPLL within a 180-degree range. To evaluate both techniques, a proof-of-concept circuit was developed, simulated and measured, achieving good agreement with theory.
The effect of oxygen tension on the cytotoxic action of tumour necrosis factor-alpha.

The influence of tumour relevant oxygen tensions on the cytotoxic action of TNFa on tumour cells, both in vitro and in vivo, was investigated. Tumour oxygen tensions were assessed in two murine tumours (SaF and CaNT), directly, using the Eppendorf pOi histograph, and indirectly, by determining the radiobiological hypoxic fraction. These tumours are largely hypoxic with median pOi values less than 2% oxygen (15 mmHg). Such oxygen tensions re-established in vitro induce resistance to TNFa cytotoxicity in murine and human tumour cell lines. The mechanism(s) of hypoxia-induced resistance to TNFa cytotoxicity was studied using the SaF cell line. The role of cell cycle was assessed but was found to be negligible. Western blotting and ELISA techniques were used to assess putative protective proteins such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and TNFa itself. MnSOD is not implicated in hypoxia-induced TNF-resistance. Endogenous TNFa levels were assessed and found to be significantly induced during hypoxic preincubation. Indeed, both pre-treatment of oxic cells with exogenous TNFa and overexpression of endogenous TNFa, by gene transfection, induced resistance to TNFa challenge. A growth delay assay and an in vivoHn vitro clonogenic assay determined that the direct cytotoxic action of TNFa in vivo is not the only mechanism implicated in its antitumour activity. Indeed, TNFa significantly reduces tumour blood flow, as demonstrated by laser Doppler flowmetry, and this may be largely responsible for the antitumour action of TNFa in vivo. The cytotoxic action of TNFa is dramatically modulated by oxygen tensions known to exist in tumours. Thus, overcoming tumour hypoxia could potentially increase TNFa cytotoxicity and together with the effective anti-vascular effects could perhaps improve the antitumour efficacy of TNFa.
Media Competition and News Diets

News media operate in two-sided markets, offering bundles of content to readers as well as selling readers' attention to advertisers. Technological innovations in content delivery, such as the advent of broadcast television or of the Internet, affect both sides of the market, threatening the basic economic model of print news operations. We examine how the entry of television affected local newspapers as well as consumer media diets in the United States. We develop a model of print media and show that entry of national television news could adversely affect the provision of local news. We construct a novel dataset of U.S. newspapers' economic performance and content choices from 1944 to 1964. Our empirical strategy exploits quasi-random variation in the timing of the entry of television in different markets. We show that the entry of television was a negative shock for newspapers, particularly evening newspapers, in both the readership and advertising markets. Further, we find a drop in the total quantity of news printed, in particular original reporting, raising concerns about the provision of local news.
Verordnungsprävalenz und -muster von Schmerzmitteln bei Frauen in gynäkologischen Praxen

68 Zusammenfassung Ziel: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Verordnungsprävalenz und -muster von Schmerzmitteln in gynäkologischen Praxen in Deutschland zu analysieren. Methoden: Die Studie umfasste alle Frauen im Alter von ≥18 Jahren, die von 2008 bis Ende 2017 in 142 gynäkologischen Praxen in Deutschland beobachtet wurden. Der primäre Endpunkt war die Prävalenz von Schmerzmittelverordnungen in gynäkologischen Praxen pro Studienjahr, definiert als der Anteil von Frauen, die in diesem Umfeld im betrachteten Jahr Schmerzmittel erhalten hatten. Der sekundäre Endpunkt waren die häufigsten Diagnosen im Zusammenhang mit der Verordnung dieser Arzneimittel. Folgende Wirkstoffklassen wurden in die Analyse einbezogen: entzündungshemmende und antirheumatische Produkte, Nichtsteroide und Analgetika einschließlich Opioide, Migränemittel sowie andere Analgetika und Antipyretika. Ergebnisse: Diese Studie umfasste 1.191. 589 Frauen. Die Prävalenz von Schmerzmittelverordnungen bei Frauen sank von 2,0% im Jahr 2008 auf 1,4% im Jahr 2017. Das am häufigsten verordnete Arzneimittel war Ibuprofen, das in den Jahren 2008 und 2016 36% bzw. 41% aller der Studienpopulation verordneten Analgetika ausmachte. Ibuprofen, Diclofenac und Metamizol wurden am häufigsten bei Bauchund Beckenschmerzen verordnet (27,6% – 44,6%). Schlussfolgerung: Die Prävalenz von Schmerzmittelverordnungen bei in gynäkologischen Praxen behandelten Frauen war gering und nahm zwischen 2008 und Ende 2017 ab.
Enhancing sensing capacity of terahertz metamaterial absorbers with a surface-relief design

Metamaterial absorbers (MAs) serve as important electromagnetic wave-absorbing devices that have captured the attention of researchers for a long term. Functioning as sensitive detectors to determine perturbations in an ambient environment is another significant subsidiary function. Here, we theoretically propose an optimized fabrication method to implement terahertz MAs with fewer steps and also evaluate both absorption and sensing performances of such MAs realized by the new method. Simulation findings demonstrate that such MAs can basically maintain the original absorption features perfectly, including near-complete absorption at resonance as well as strong robustness to wide incident angles. Specifically, the full width at half-maximum and quality factor of the absorption resonances attenuate less than 26% and 8% with this new method, remaining in the ranges of ∼0.03–0.04 THz and ∼20–27 for two selected example MAs. More significantly, sensing capacities of this type of MA, in terms of maximum detection range (enhancing at least 9%), observable spectral modulation (increasing at least 6.3%), and refractive index sensitivity, are improved to a large extent because of more intense coupling between resonant field and matter in the case of surface-relief MAs. This stronger coupling results from exposing more spots of the resonantly high field to direct contact with an approaching analyte, which is illustrated by field profiles of the MAs at resonance in this work. Additionally, other desirable absorber features are also explored with such MAs, like functioning as building blocks to configure multiband MAs and strong robustness against fabrication errors. Such new-style terahertz MAs shown in the paper, acting as good examples, not only prove that terahertz MAs can be fabricated by the proposed time- and cost-saving route in contrast to the traditional MA fabrication process, but also can serve as novel platforms to explore other intriguing terahertz photonic effects, such as the field enhancement effect.