Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiographic Evaluation of the Hyoid Bone Position and Pharyngeal Airway Depth in Anteroposterior Dysplasia

ABSTRACT Introduction The pharyngeal airway, tongue, and hyoid bone are correlated. The hyoid bone is connected to the pharynx, mandible, and cranium through muscles and ligaments and its position with respect to them determines the tongue posture and function. It also plays an important role in maintaining the airway and upright natural head position. Different skeletal patterns have different morphologies and shapes of the mandible, which might be affected by the position of the hyoid bone and the pharyngeal airway depth. This cephalometric study was conducted to relate the pharyngeal airway depth and the hyoid bone position of different skeletal patterns in sagittal dimension, and it determines and compares the linear parameters of the pharyngeal airway depth in Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups and anteroposterior, vertical, and angular positions of the hyoid bone positions in Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups. Materials and methods Lateral cephalometric radiographs selected for study were divided into three groups of 30 samples each based on ANB angle and β angle into skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III, respectively. Five linear measurements for the pharyngeal airway depth, four linear measurements for anteroposterior position, two linear measurements for vertical position, and one angular measurement for angular hyoid bone position were made. Results The pharyngeal airway depth was found to show no statistically significant difference between Class I and Class III malocclusions. The pharyngeal airway depth in Class II malocclusion was found to be statistically smaller at D1 as compared to that in Class I and Class III malocclusions, whereas it remained the same at the rest of the locations measured, i.e., D2, D3, D4, and D5. The Class III malocclusion group showed a significant statistical difference in the anteroposterior hyoid bone position at all levels (i.e., H1, H2, H3, and H4) as compared to the Class II malocclusion group, whereas it showed a statistically significant difference as compared to the Class I malocclusion group at H1 and H3. The angular inclination of the hyoid bone in the Class II malocclusion group showed a statistically significant difference with the Class I and Class III malocclusion group but the Class III malocclusion group showed no significant difference statistically when compared to the Class I malocclusion group. Conclusion The pharyngeal airway depth in the Class II malocclusion group was also found to be narrower at the superiormost level measured at the posterior nasal spine from the posterior pharyngeal wall. The hyoid bone position was variable in angular and anteroposterior dimensions among different malocclusion groups. How to cite this article Chauhan R, Bagga DK, et al. Radiographic Evaluation of the Hyoid Bone Position and Pharyngeal Airway Depth in Anteroposterior Dysplasia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):101–106.
Entry, Trade, and Exporting Over the Cycle

We study how international trade and the exporting decisions of establishments affect establishment creation over the business cycle in a general equilibrium model. The model captures two key features of establishment and exporter dynamics: i) new establishments start small and grow over time and ii) exporters tend to be bigger and more productive than non-exporters and remain so for some time. When the cost of creating establishments fluctuates with aggregate productivity, we find the model can generate procyclical fluctuations in the stock of domestic establishments and importers similar to the data. Without international trade, entry is weakly countercyclical and too smooth. The model also generates fluctuations in the stock of importers, exporters, and domestic establishments of similar magnitude to those in the data. With an entry margin, we also find that output is hump-shaped following a productivity shock since investments in creating establishments and exporters generate an incentive to delay accumulating physical capital. This hump is stronger in an open economy model and strongly increases the value of creating new establishments in a boom.
A novel antibody targeting ICOS increases intratumoural cytotoxic to regulatory T cell ratio and induces tumour regression

The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment constitutes a significant hurdle to the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Both soluble factors and specialised immune cells such as regulatory T cells (TReg) are key components of active intratumoural immunosuppression. Previous studies have shown that Inducible Co-Stimulatory receptor (ICOS) is highly expressed in the tumour microenvironment, especially on TReg, suggesting that it represents a relevant target for preferential depletion of these cells. Here, we used immune profiling of samples from tumour bearing mice and cancer patients to characterise the expression of ICOS in different tissues and solid tumours. By immunizing an Icos knockout transgenic mouse line expressing antibodies with human variable domains, we selected a fully human IgG1 antibody called KY1044 that binds ICOS from different species. Using KY1044, we demonstrated that we can exploit the differential expression of ICOS on T cell subtypes to modify the tumour microenvironment and thereby improve the anti-tumour immune response. We showed that KY1044 induces sustained depletion of ICOShigh TReg cells in mouse tumours and depletion of ICOShigh T cells in the blood of non-human primates, but was also associated with secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from ICOSlow TEFF cells. Altogether, KY1044 improved the intratumoural TEFF:TReg ratio and increased activation of TEFF cells, resulting in monotherapy efficacy or in synergistic combinatorial efficacy when administered with the immune checkpoint blocker anti-PD-L1. In summary, our data demonstrate that targeting ICOS with KY1044 can favourably alter the intratumoural immune contexture, promoting an anti-tumour response.
Assessing the Effect of Fermented Chestnuts on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality in Hanwoo Steers During the Late Fattening Period

| The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary fermented chestnuts on the growth performance, carcass parameters, and meat quality in the late fattening period of Hanwoo steers for 72 days. Eighteen castrated Hanwoo steers (615.8 ± 1.0 kg, 28 months old) were assigned into two groups (control vs. treatment), with nine Hanwoo steers in three replicates (three heads per replicate) for each group. The Hanwoo steers in the control group were fed a concentrate mix and rice straws, whereas those in the treatment group supplemented the control diet with 5% fermented chestnuts. Growth performance of Hanwoo steers was not different between the two groups (p>0.05), and 5% fermented chestnut supplementation had no effect on carcass trait (p>0.05). For meat quality, the application of fermented chestnuts to the Hanwoo steers diet exerted no significant effect in terms of chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics (p>0.05), except for pH (p<0.05). Considering the fatty acid profiles, the addition of 5% fermented chestnuts resulted in no significant difference (p>0.05) in the individual percentages of fatty acids, the relative percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), and the SFA:UFA ratio. However, fermented chestnut supplementation affected the percentages of margaroleic acid, stearic acid, and arachidonic acid (p<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 5% fermented chestnuts did not improve growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in Hanwoo steers. No more did the addition of fermented chestnuts in the diets demonstrate any detrimental effect during fattening Hanwoo steers.
Sleep disorders : diagnosis, management and treatment : a handbook for clinicians

History of Sleep Medicine. Systemic Function During Normal Sleep. Hypersomnia: An Introduction. Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Periodic Limb Movement Disorder. Primary and Other Forms of Hypersomnia. Hypersomnia: Summary and Patient Approach. Insomnia. Parasomnias. Appendix - International Classification of Sleep Disorders.
Epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and Helicobacter pylori infection: review of 3,488 Thai patients

Abstract Background The current epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in Thailand is poorly understood and the reported prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is outdated. Objectives To investigate the etiologies of UGIB and prevalence of H. pylori infection in Thailand, including its association with UGIB. Methods We retrieved information regarding patients attending the endoscopic unit of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from June 2007 to January 2013. A database search using keywords “upper gastrointestinal bleeding” and “iron deficiency” was used. From 4,454 diagnoses, after exclusion criteria, 3,488 patients (2,042 male (58.5%) and 1,446 female (41.5%); mean age 63.3 ± 15.94 years, range 13–103 years) were included. Results The three most common causes of UGIB were peptic ulcer (38.2%), nonulcer-mucosal lesions (23.4%), and esophageal-related causes (20.4%). The 5 year-incidence of H. pylori was 25%–30%. The overall prevalence was 27%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to decrease with age from 43.8% at <40 years to 21.7% at >79 years old. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with duodenal and gastroduodenal ulcers. Cirrhosis and nonulcer-mucosal lesions were significantly unrelated to H. pylori infection. Patients with concurrent cirrhosis with peptic ulcer were found to be negative for H. pylori infection. Conclusion Peptic ulcer is the leading cause of UGIB in Thailand. However, its incidence is declining. Patients who presented to hospital with UGIB were older, compared with those a decade ago. H. pylori infection plays an important role in UGIB and its incidence was stable during the past 5 years.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN ADAPTABLE inVANETS-BASED INTERSECTION TRAFFIC CONTROL

With the recent advances in intelligent vehicles ad-hoc networks (inVANETs), the traditional traffic control problem at intersections is being revisited to cope with the future intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we introduce the performance evaluation of a centralized inVANETs-based intersection traffic control protocol. Extensive simulations have been conducted using various real traffic scenarios to evaluate the efficiency and the dynamics of the newly proposed traffic control approach that gives the intelligent vehicles full autonomous control of crossing intersections using vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. Simulation results using the tools OMNet++, VEINS, and SUMO showed that the new approach is a viable alternative and addition to the existing traffic control approaches.
Efficient spark analysis on incremental datasets

Distributed analysis platform such as Spark provides an unprecedented capacity on big data analysis processing, especially, for Extract-Transform-Load (ETL), which has won the wide recognition by academia and industry. The performance based on Spark, however, comes from immutable datasets losing flexibility of mutable ones with trivial changes. Therefore, there is an unmet demand on how to efficiently integrate distributed dynamical datasets between two or more autonomous computer systems or servers. Traditional data synchronization solutions detect changes and apply them to target datasets, which is impossible for Spark since the resilient distributed dataset (RDD) is invariant in nature. In this paper, we design a paradigm for integrating datasets from several data repositories by extending RDD mechanism to enable incremental processing. We use appended logs for each RDD component to avoid serious performance degradation caused by re-fetching full dataset. Furthermore, a cost model is proposed to evaluate the cost of merging these changes into an existing RDD or forming a new RDD from scratch, providing us a balance between incremental processing and re-fetching explicitly. Our experimental results demonstrate the necessity of incremental processing and the effectiveness of our cost model.
Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on HIV-infected adults: a systematic reviewVitamin Dӡ Supplementation on HIV-Infected Adults: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION much evidence confirms that vitamin D may be associated with an improvement in CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected individuals, where antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used and associated with decreased 25(OH)D levels. OBJECTIVE to carry out a systematic review on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on HIV-infected adult patients. METHODS the research was conducted in the databases Science Direct, PubMed, BVS, Scielo Cochrane and Periods, from February to April 2018, with publication limit from 2000 to 2018, without restriction of gender, ethnicity and involving individuals with age older than 18 years. To evaluate the quality of the studies, we used the protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) and the Jadad scale. RESULTS the search initially resulted in 198 articles. After the selection process 5 articles were identified as eligible, where they highlight that vitamin D supplementation may be an associated and effective intervention to reduce hypovitaminosis. ART reduces vitamin D3 levels and changes its metabolism, being associated with the risk of mortality. However, adequate levels of 25(OH)D are positively associated with the number of CD4 + cells and the reduction of infection levels. CONCLUSION vitamin D supplementation promotes immune recovery. However, the cases analysed were few, insufficient to fully confirm the benefits and recommend supplementation. Therefore, intervention studies are needed to elucidate the role of vitamin D in human protection against HIV infections.
Surgical Management of Extrafollicular Variant of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor in the Maxillary Posterior Region

Background Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon benign neoplasm of odontogenic epithelial origin, accounting for less than 5% of odontogenic tumors. Case Report The reported case describes morphological characteristics, clinical course, radiographic and histopathological features, and surgical therapy of an extrafollicular variant of AOT in the maxillary posterior region. An asymptomatic swelling on the left side in the posterior region of the maxilla, gradually increased since approximately 12 months, developed in a 16-year-old Caucasian female patient. Radiographic images revealed a well-defined, unilocular radiolucency, with some small foci of radiopacity inside, and root resorption of the first and second molars. On the base of the histological examination of the specimen retrieved by incisional biopsy, the diagnosis of AOT was made, and the conservative surgical enucleation of the lesion was performed. Discussion The present case was reported in agreement with an extensive review, in which it was recommended to discontinue reporting classic follicular cases because their clinicopathological profile was well-known, but to continue reporting well-documented cases of the extrafollicular variant, with indication of the exact position. Conclusion The present case was reported in order to expand the knowledge about the clinical behavior and surgical treatment of the extrafollicular variant of AOT.
‘’ZINC ‘’ The Friendly and Forgotten Micronutrient

A syndrome called Zinc Deficiency Dwarfism was first described in a group of children in the Middle East with low level of zinc in their hair, poor appetite, diminished taste acuity, hypogonadism, and short stature [1]. In developing countries, zinc supplementation can reduce morbidity and mortality among children from diarrhea and pneumonia, and zinc can enhance growth [1]. Prevalence of zinc deficiency is highly noticed in populations with high rates of stunting. Other contributing factors that can lead to zinc deficiency include inadequate zinc intake in complementary feeding or general diet, sever infection, lack of zinc in total parenteral nutrition and in premature infants fed human milk without fortification [1].
Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Associated with Contaminated Municipal Water Supply — Nebraska, 2017

In March 2017, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (NDHHS) and the Southwest Nebraska Public Health Department were notified of an apparent cluster of Campylobacter jejuni infections in city A and initiated an investigation. Overall, 39 cases were investigated, including six confirmed and 33 probable. Untreated, unboiled city A tap water (i.e., well water) was the only exposure significantly associated with illness (odds ratio [OR] = 7.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69-36.36). City A is served by four untreated wells and an interconnected distribution system. Onsite investigations identified that a center pivot irrigation system intended to pump livestock wastewater from a nearby concentrated animal feeding operation onto adjacent farmland had malfunctioned, allowing excessive runoff to collect in a road ditch near two wells that supplied water to the city. These wells were promptly removed from service, after which no subsequent cases occurred. This coordinated response rapidly identified an important risk to city A's municipal water supply and provided the evidence needed to decommission the affected wells, with plans to build a new well to safely serve this community.
Selection-Channel-Aware Scale Co-occurrence Matrix Feature to Detect Content-Adaptive JPEG Steganography

Content-adaptive image steganography constrains the embedding changes to the complex regions difficult to model by using heuristic embedding distortion function and STCs. It can achieve the good anti-detection ability, however, its selection channel is public. In this paper, the utilization of selection channel of content-adaptive JPEG steganography for steganalysis is studied and a selection-channel-aware scale co-occurrence matrix feature based on 2D Gabor filter is proposed. Firstly, the embedding change of content-adaptive JPEG steganography is analyzed. Then, the selection-channel-aware scale co-occurrence matrix based on 2D Gabor filter is proposed and the detailed extraction process is shown. In the experiments, the comparisons with the other steganalysis features show that the proposed steganalysis feature can obtain the competitive detection performances.
Selective citation in the literature on the hygiene hypothesis: a citation analysis on the association between infections and rhinitis

Objective Our objective was to assess the occurrence and determinants of selective citation in scientific publications on Strachan’s original hygiene hypothesis. His hypothesis states that lack of exposure to infections in early childhood increases the risk of rhinitis. Setting Web of Science Core Collection. Participants We identified 110 publications in this network, consisting of 5551 potential citations. Primary and secondary outcome measures Whether a citation occurs or not, measured and analysed according to the preregistered protocol. Results We found evidence for citation bias in this field: publications supportive of the hypothesis were cited more often than non-supportive publications (OR adjusted for study design [adjOR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.1), and the same was the case for publications with mixed findings (adjOR 3.1, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.5). Other relevant determinants for citation were type of exposure, specificity, journal impact factor, authority and self-citation. Surprisingly, prospective cohort studies were cited less often than other empirical studies. Conclusions There is clear evidence for selective citation in this research field, and particularly for citation bias.
Potassium binders for the prevention of hyperkalaemia in heart failure patients: implementation issues and future developments

Abstract New therapeutic options to treat hyperkalaemia, such as potassium binders, have been suggested as potentially beneficial by allowing the maintenance (or increase) of the dose of medications that improve outcomes in several cardiovascular conditions, but which have in common the propensity for raising serum potassium. However, potassium binding drugs have yet to prove their causal association with improvements in patients' prognosis before their widespread use can be recommended. In this review we provided an up-to-dare appraisal on potassium binders, their potential clinical applications and directions for future research.
Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Cancer Prevention and Cancer Promotion

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed by medical practitioners in many clinical conditions for the symptomatic treatment of pain and fever. Due to their anti-inflammatory properties, these drugs have been investigated for their anticancer effects in numerous studies. This is because chronic inflammation has long been linked to carcinogenesis. As such, anti-inflammatory drugs are believed to play a role in cancer treatment and prevention. In the past few decades, research has shown that NSAIDs may decrease the risk of certain types of cancer. However, there is also a growing body of research that proves the contrary. Furthermore, NSAIDs are well known for many side effects, including some life-threatening ones. This review will discuss the relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer, the role of NSAIDs in cancer prevention and cancer promotion, and some of the potentially lethal side effects of these drugs.
Complex Sleep-Disordered Breathing – Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Implications

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ In the latest edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2), sleep-related breathing disorders have been classified into obstructive and central sleep apnea syndromes, sleep related hypoventilation/hypoxic syndromes due to congenital, idiopathic or medical conditions and other unspecified sleep-related breathing disorders(1).
SEGMENTAÇÃO DE CUSTOS SCM E SVA EM EMPRESA DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES: ESTUDO DE CASO

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar e segmentar os custos e bens do ativo imobilizado, dentro de um provedor de servicos de internet, do tipo Provedor de Servico de Conexao a Internet - PSCI, para separar entre Servicos de Comunicacao Multimidia - SCM e Servicos de Valor Adicionado – SVA. Para tanto, foram analisados os conhecimentos dos entrevistados sobre conceitos basicos, como Custos e Imobilizado e seus controles na empresa. Para a realizacao deste estudo, buscou-se nos referenciais bibliograficos e na legislacao vigente o aporte teorico necessario para o seu desenvolvimento. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem descritiva, por meio de entrevista e analise de dados, juntamente com o gestor da organizacao e com o colaborador, responsavel pelo departamento tecnico de instalacoes e materiais. A partir da analise dos dados coletados, identificou-se que uma das maiores dificuldades no processo de separacao e identificacao dos custos entre SCM e SVA se deve a complexidade do assunto e, tambem, pelo fato de o tema ser bastante inovador, faltando, inclusive, legislacao estadual para esclarecer algumas discussoes que envolvem a separacao dos custos em SCM e SVA. Aconselha-se a busca continua do aprofundamento sobre esse tema, para que mais pessoas possam dominar o assunto, a fim de dar suporte ao gestor no processo de separacao de SCM e SVA.