Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Solving Ramp Start Issues in Sensorless Field Oriented Control with Sliding Mode Observer for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

There are several issues in motor drive systems implementing sensorless field oriented control with a sliding mode observer (SMO) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). One of those issues is stability during initial motor start-up when using a ramp. This is due to the fact that at low or zero speed there isn’t a significant back-EMF signal to properly drive the observer into accurate angle tracking. Usually step commands are used to help with the transition from zero to the commanded speed as it allows for a very fast transition out of low speed operation. This paper discusses an approach to overcome issues when a ramp start is required by using an open loop control strategy for some portion of the start-up procedure.
Bayesian Network Prediction of Mobile User Throughput in 5G Wireless Networks

By combining artificial intelligence and machine learning, next-generation cellular systems will enable advanced data analysis techniques to achieve efficient service quality management and network automation. In this paper, the Bayesian Network (BN) is used for the reliability prediction of throughput. The forecast is to predict future test results through parameter estimation. In the studied Bayesian network learning stage, the load of the base station, user location and moving speed all affect the user’s received signal-to noise ratio (SNR) and signal interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The test result is the probability or number of times that throughput of a low-speed mobile user satisfies the threshold. Computer simulation results show that the model can well infer the user’s throughput under low speed movement conditions.
A scheme of features fusion for facial expression analysis: A facial action recognition

Abstract The study of emotions is very tough job which sounds in the form to recognize the facial expressions of human face. This problem is quite challenging because of various face architecture of the facial parts of human. In fact it is variant with locality. It becomes hot topic of research for hearing impaired people. Facial expression is considered as a part of sign language recognition (SLR). The pre-processing involves face detection using the algorithm proposed by Viola and Jones using Haar-cascades for facial part detection. In this work, we purpose a fusion of texture local binary pattern, landmark based active shape model (ASM) of geometric features. The features are trained and tested by multi-class support vector machine (SVM).
Three State Kalman Filter based Directional Protection of Power Transformer

Due to interconnection, power system complexity is increasing day by day. So, reliable operation under fault conditions in power system is a major concern. As a heart of power system, transformer involves self importance with highest efficiency. Saturation of current transformer and magnetizing inrush are major issues for reliability of transformer protection. This paper presents detection of internal fault against external abnormalities on the basis of direction of primary and secondary current with respect to its voltages. Various fault and inrush case studies are generated on power transformer in PSCAD™ software. Three state Kalman filter is utilized to analyze current and voltage signals of primary and secondary side of power transformer. The algorithm is validated on MATLAB software after collecting data from PSCAD™ model. Various inrush, internal fault and external fault cases are authenticated using the projected scheme. It is observed that the proposed scheme effectively issue trip commands for all internal faults and remain inoperative for inrush and all external fault conditions.
3-D Canonical Pose Estimation and Abnormal Gait Recognition With a Single RGB-D Camera

Assistive robots play an important role in improving the quality of life of patients at home. Among all the monitoring tasks, gait disorders are prevalent in elderly and people with neurological conditions and this increases the risk of fall. Therefore, the development of mobile systems for gait monitoring at home in normal living conditions is important. Here, we present a mobile system that is able to track humans and analyze their gait in canonical coordinates based on a single RGB-D camera. First, view-invariant three-dimensional (3-D) lower limb pose estimation is achieved by fusing information from depth images along with 2-D joints derived in RGB images. Next, both the 6-D camera pose and the 3-D lower limb skeleton are real-time tracked in a canonical coordinate system based on simultaneously localization and mapping (SLAM). A mask-based strategy is exploited to improve the re-localization of the SLAM in dynamic environments. Abnormal gait is detected by using the support vector machine and the bidirectional long-short term memory network with respect to a set of extracted gait features. To evaluate the robustness of the system, we collected multi-cameras, ground truth data from 16 healthy volunteers performing 6 gait patterns that mimic common gait abnormalities. The experiment results demonstrate that our proposed system can achieve good lower limb pose estimation and superior recognition accuracy compared to previous abnormal gait detection methods.
Enhancement of Beat Tracking in String Quartet Music Analysis Based on the Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator

Beat detection systems are widely used in music information retrieval (MIR) research field for the computation of tempo and beat positions in audio signals. One of the most important parts of these systems is the onset detection function. The aim of this study is to introduce an enhancement of a conventional onset detector and employ it in a beat tracking system that could be utilized for an analysis of interpretation and performance changes in string quartets. The enhancement is based on the Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO), which pre-processes input audio signal before spectral flux calculation. The proposed approach is firstly evaluated in terms of ability to estimate global tempo (GT) of a given audio track. Next, the accuracy of the GT estimation is compared with a manually-labelled reference dataset. Then, this system was tested on the first motif of the string quartet database. Results suggest that the TKEO could improve accuracy of the GT estimation. Average deviation from the reference tempo in the string quartet is 8.29%, which slightly improves the conventional methodology, where the deviance is 8.96%. This study has a pilot character and provides some suggestions of the beat tracking system enhancement.
Dual Band Open Ended Slot Antenna for Metal Body Mobile Devices

Recently, the requirement of metal body in mobile devices is increased to meet thermal performance of the device and make the device thinner. It is known from electric boundary condition that tangential component of electric field cannot exit in conductors and it is major problem to deploy antennas in metal devices. The radiation efficiency of antenna drops heavily if it is placed over metal. To overcome this issue, an open ended slot antenna is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) 2.4 GHz and 5GHz band. The antenna is excited with 50 ohm microstrip line. The simulated and measured results of the antenna show good radiation characteristics for dual band operation with −8dB level of impedance bandwidth. In this paper, the slot of 12.8×8mm is made in a small PCB of ground plane size of 30×30mm to evaluate antenna performance.
Topology Variable Routing Algorithm for WWSN in Disaster Rescue

In recent years, the Wearable Wireless Sensor Network (WWSN) has become one of the most popular disaster relief networks. On-Body network is a key part of WWSN, which is responsible for the communication between wearable wireless sensor nodes and the coordinator in WWSN. The routing algorithm for On-body network is related to the energy consumption of wearable wireless sensor nodes and even the lifetime of the network. Therefore, this paper proposes a topology variable routing algorithm (TVRA) in On-Body networks. Firstly, the algorithm designs multi-hop routing to prolong the network lifetime on the premise of energy balance under the normal state of the network. When the network is abnormal, a single hop routing is adopted to ensure that the abnormal data can be sent with the lowest delay. The simulation results show that the proposed TVRA algorithm has better performance in terms of lifetime and time delay.
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely applied in personal care products (PCPs), with up to 36% of TiO2 in PCPs is present at the nanoscale. Due to the large quantity produced and the wide application of TiO2, there is a great potential for human exposure through various routes and therefore a great potential to elicit adverse impacts. This work utilizes a social survey to generate information and estimate TiO2 (bulk and nanoparticle [NP]) exposure to individuals through the daily use of PCPs. Households in the Madison, Wisconsin, USA metropolitan area were surveyed about their PCP usage. Survey results were then combined with usage patterns and TiO2 content in each PCP category to estimate human exposures. Results indicate sunscreen and toothpaste are major contributors to TiO2 dermal exposure. The estimated daily dermal route of exposure ranges from 2.8 to 21.4mg TiO2 per person per day. Toothpaste has the potential to be ingested though the oral route; 0.15 to 3.9mg TiO2 per day were estimated to be ingested when 10% toothpaste ingestion was assumed. The results generated in the present case study are generalizable in predicting individual TiO2 exposure from PCPs when the usage pattern is available. In addition, this study can be further used for risk assessment and to refine the use of TiO2 in PCPs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:10–16. © 2019 SETAC
Context-Dependent Role of NF-κB Signaling in Primary Liver Cancer—from Tumor Development to Therapeutic Implications

Chronic inflammatory cell death is a major risk factor for the development of diverse cancers including liver cancer. Herein, disruption of the hepatic microenvironment as well as the immune cell composition are major determinants of malignant transformation and progression in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Considerable research efforts have focused on the identification of predisposing factors that promote induction of an oncogenic field effect within the inflammatory liver microenvironment. Among the most prominent factors involved in this so-called inflammation-fibrosis-cancer axis is the NF-κB pathway. The dominant role of this pathway for malignant transformation and progression in HCC is well documented. Pathway activation is significantly linked to poor prognostic traits as well as stemness characteristics, which places modulation of NF-κB signaling in the focus of therapeutic interventions. However, it is well recognized that the mechanistic importance of the pathway for HCC is highly context and cell type dependent. While constitutive pathway activation in an inflammatory etiological background can significantly promote HCC development and progression, absence of NF-κB signaling in differentiated liver cells also significantly enhances liver cancer development. Thus, therapeutic targeting of NF-κB as well as associated family members may not only exert beneficial effects but also negatively impact viability of healthy hepatocytes and/or cholangiocytes, respectively. The review presented here aims to decipher the complexity and paradoxical functions of NF-κB signaling in primary liver and non-parenchymal cells, as well as the induced molecular alterations that drive HCC development and progression with a particular focus on (immune-) therapeutic interventions.
Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Oral-Health Promotion in Dental Caries Prevention among Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs) aiming to improve children’s knowledge of favorable oral health behavior to lower decayed/-missing/-filled teeth (DMFT) while reducing the financial cost on health institutions. An electronic search was performed in seven databases. Studies were restricted to human interventions published in English. The search study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed based on the Drummonds Checklist. A total of 1072 references were found. Among these, 19 full texts were included. Most studies had a strong quality. The overall pooled impact of OHPPs estimates children suffering from DMFT/S to have 81% lower odds of participating in OHPP (95% CI 61–90%, I2: 98.3%, p = 0). Furthermore, the program was shown to be effective at lowering the cost in 97 out of 100 OHPPs (95% CI 89–99%, I2: 99%, p = 0). Three subgroups analyses (age groups, study countries, studies of the last five years) were performed to evaluate the influence modification on the pooled effect. A comprehensive analysis of the OHPPs confirmed a reduction effect on child DMFT, hence, lowering the financial burden of dental-care treatment on health institutions.
Xylem- phloem hydraulic coupling explains multiple osmoregulatory responses to salt-stress.

Salinity is known to affect plant productivity by limiting leaf-level carbon exchange, root water uptake, and carbohydrates transport in the phloem. However, the mechanisms through which plants respond to salt-exposure by adjusting leaf gas-exchange and xylem-phloem flow are still mostly unexplored. A physically-based model coupling xylem, leaf, and phloem flows is here developed to explain different osmoregulation patterns across species. Hydraulic coupling is controlled by leaf water potential,ѱI , and determined under four different maximization hypotheses: water uptake (i), carbon assimilation (ii), sucrose transport (iii), or (iv) profit function - i.e., carbon gain minus hydraulic risk. All four hypotheses assume finite transpiration occurs, providing a further constraint on ѱI. With increasing salinity, the model captures different transpiration patterns observed in halophytes (non-monotonic) and glycophytes (monotonically decreasing) by reproducing the species-specific strength of xylem-leaf-phloem coupling. Salt tolerance thus emerges as plant capability of differentiating between salt- and drought-induced hydraulic risk, and to regulate internal flows and osmolytes accordingly. Results are shown to be consistent across optimization schemes (i-iii) for both halophytes and glycophytes. In halophytes, however, profit-maximization (iv) predicts systematically higher ѱI than (i-iii), pointing to the need of an updated definition of hydraulic cost for halophytes under saline conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Qualitative spatial representation in agent-based models

One of the advantages of agent-based models as simulations of social systems is the ease with which it is possible to spatially embed the agents and their interactions. Spatially explicit representations in agent-based models most typically take the form of raster-based representations in which the space is represented as a grid of squares. More recently, vectorbased representations have been used, usually importing data for the polygons from geographical information systems (GIS). However, for some models, what matters about the space for the purposes of simulation is less the quantitative spatial relationships among entities (e.g. area, distance or direction) than the qualitative relations these quantitative data are used to determine: neighbourhood, and accessibility (which is a general term covering movement and sensing from one region to another). This paper gives consideration to the use of qualitative spatial representations in agent-based modelling, using a model of everyday pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace as an example.
Quantitative Ratings and Narrative Comments on Swiss Physician Rating Websites: Frequency Analysis

Background Physician rating websites (PRWs) have been developed as part of a wider move toward transparency around health care quality, and these allow patients to anonymously rate, comment, and discuss physicians’ quality on the Web. The first Swiss PRWs were established in 2008, at the same time as many international PRWs. However, there has been limited research conducted on PRWs in Switzerland to date. International research has indicated that a key shortcoming of PRWs is that they have an insufficient number of ratings. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of quantitative ratings and narrative comments on the Swiss PRWs. Methods In November 2017, a random stratified sample of 966 physicians was generated from the regions of Zürich and Geneva. Every selected physician was searched for on 4 rating websites (OkDoc, DocApp, Medicosearch, and Google) between November 2017 and July 2018. It was recorded whether the physician could be identified, what the physician’s quantitative rating was, and whether the physician had received narrative comments. In addition, Alexa Internet was used to examine the number of visitors to the PRWs, compared with other websites. Results Overall, the portion of physicians able to be identified on the PRWs ranged from 42.4% (410/966) on OkDoc to 87.3% (843/966) on DocApp. Of the identifiable physicians, only a few of the selected physicians had been rated quantitatively (4.5% [38/843] on DocApp to 49.8% [273/548] on Google) or received narrative comments (4.5% [38/843] on DocApp to 31.2% [171/548] on Google) at least once. Rated physicians also had, on average, a low number of quantitative ratings (1.47 ratings on OkDoc to 3.74 rating on Google) and narrative comments (1.23 comment on OkDoc to 3.03 comments on Google). All 3 websites allowing ratings used the same rating scale (1-5 stars) and had a very positive average rating: DocApp (4.71), Medicosearch (4.69), and Google (4.41). There were significant differences among the PRWs (with the majority of ratings being posted on Google in past 2 years) and regions (with physicians in Zurich more likely to have been rated and have more ratings on average). Only Google (position 1) and Medicosearch (position 8358) are placed among the top 10,000 visited websites in Switzerland. Conclusions It appears that this is the first time Google has been included in a study examining physician ratings internationally and it is noticeable how Google has had substantially more ratings than the 3 dedicated PRWs in Switzerland over the past 2 and a half years. Overall, this study indicates that Swiss PRWs are not yet a reliable source of unbiased information regarding patient experiences and satisfaction with Swiss physicians; many selected physicians were unable to be identified, only a few physicians had been rated, and the ratings posted were overwhelmingly positive.
Soft-surface grasping: radular opening in Aplysia californica

ABSTRACT Grasping soft, irregular material is challenging both for animals and robots. The feeding systems of many animals have adapted to this challenge. In particular, the feeding system of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, a generalist herbivore, allows it to grasp and ingest seaweeds of varying shape, texture and toughness. On the surface of the grasper of A. californica is a structure known as the radula, a thin flexible cartilaginous sheet with fine teeth. Previous in vitro studies suggested that intrinsic muscles, I7, are responsible for opening the radula. Lesioning I7 in vivo does not prevent animals from grasping and ingesting food. New in vitro studies demonstrate that a set of fine muscle fibers on the ventral surface of the radula – the sub-radular fibers (SRFs) – mediate opening movements even if the I7 muscles are absent. Both in vitro and in vivo lesions demonstrate that removing the SRFs leads to profound deficits in radular opening, and significantly reduces feeding efficiency. A theoretical biomechanical analysis of the actions of the SRFs suggests that they induce the radular surface to open around a central crease in the radular surface and to arch the radular surface, allowing it to softly conform to irregular material. A three-dimensional model of the radular surface, based on in vivo observations and magnetic resonance imaging of intact animals, provides support for the biomechanical analysis. These results suggest how a soft grasper can work during feeding, and suggest novel designs for artificial soft graspers. Summary: Newly described muscle fibers control a soft, flexible surface that the marine slug Aplysia californica uses to feed on seaweed, suggesting a novel mechanism for constructing a soft grasping device.
In situ structures of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inside bluetongue virus before and after uncoating

Significance Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus that often causes significant economic damage to the livestock industry. The RNA-based genome transcription of BTV during infection depends on its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inside the capsid. Here, we report a structure of BTV RdRp derived from cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and reconstruction methods. The structure reveals how BTV RdRp interacts with associated genomic dsRNA and capsid proteins. Structural comparison between RdRp in the transcriptionally incompetent BTV virion and transcriptionally competent BTV cores provides insights into the highly regulated mechanism of mRNA transcription initiation. This structure of BTV RdRp and our mechanistic findings could now be exploited to design antivirals against the bluetongue disease in the livestock farming industry. Bluetongue virus (BTV), a major threat to livestock, is a multilayered, nonturreted member of the Reoviridae, a family of segmented dsRNA viruses characterized by endogenous RNA transcription through an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). To date, the structure of BTV RdRp has been unknown, limiting our mechanistic understanding of BTV transcription and hindering rational drug design effort targeting this essential enzyme. Here, we report the in situ structures of BTV RdRp VP1 in both the triple-layered virion and double-layered core, as determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and subparticle reconstruction. BTV RdRp has 2 unique motifs not found in other viral RdRps: a fingernail, attached to the conserved fingers subdomain, and a bundle of 3 helices: 1 from the palm subdomain and 2 from the N-terminal domain. BTV RdRp VP1 is anchored to the inner surface of the capsid shell via 5 asymmetrically arranged N termini of the inner capsid shell protein VP3A around the 5-fold axis. The structural changes of RdRp VP1 and associated capsid shell proteins between BTV virions and cores suggest that the detachment of the outer capsid proteins VP2 and VP5 during viral entry induces both global movements of the inner capsid shell and local conformational changes of the N-terminal latch helix (residues 34 to 51) of 1 inner capsid shell protein VP3A, priming RdRp VP1 within the capsid for transcription. Understanding this mechanism in BTV also provides general insights into RdRp activation and regulation during viral entry of other multilayered, nonturreted dsRNA viruses.