Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Characterization of Phenolic Compounds by LC-MS/MS and Biological Activities of Ajuga reptans L., Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber and Ajuga genevensis L. from Turkey

Objectives In this study, it was aimed to characterize the phenolic contents of Ajuga reptans L. , Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber and Ajuga genevensis L. and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods Air dried aerial parts of A. reptans L. , A. salicifolia (L.) Schreber, and A. genevensis L. collected from Turkey were extracted with methanol (70%), and the phenolic composition of the crude extracts was analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. To determine the total phenolic content the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used. The radical scavenging activities of the extracts were evaluated by the photometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays (TEAC). Furthermore, Ajuga sp. extracts were tested against Escherichia coli NRRL B3008, Staphylococcus areus ATCC 6538, Salmonella thyphimurium ATCC 13311, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-3711, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida tropicalis ATCC 1369, and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 using the in vitro broth dilution assay. Results The LC-MS/MS analyses identified 19 compounds. The amount of total phenolics ranged from 30.0 to 42.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g in all extracts. According to the results of TEAC assay, the tested extracts were found to have relatively high activity at 1.2-1.5 mM concentrations. Ajuga sp. extracts inhibited all tested microorganisms; however, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis exhibited relatively more susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration: 156.25 µg/mL) compared to the bacteria tested. Conclusion The antioxidant activities of all extracts were determined for the first time by the TEAK method, and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of A. salicifolia was investigated for the first time against selected strains.
Using Drifter Velocity Measurements to Assess and Constrain Coarse-Resolution Ocean Models

Properly fitting ocean models to observations is crucial for improving model performance and understanding ocean dynamics. Near-surface velocity measurements from the Global Drifter Program (GDP) contain valuable information about upper-ocean circulation and air–sea fluxes on various space and time scales. This study explores whether GDP measurements can be used for usefully constraining the surface circulation from coarse-resolution ocean models, using global solutions produced by the consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) as an example. To address this problem, a careful examination of velocity data errors is required. Comparisons between an ECCO model simulation, performed without any data constraints, and GDP and Ocean Surface Current Analyses Real-Time (OSCAR) velocity data, over the period 1992–2017, reveal considerable differences in magnitude and pattern. These comparisons are used to estimate GDP data errors in the context of the time-mean and time-variable surface circulations. Both instrumental errors and errors associated with limitations in model physics and resolution (representation errors) are considered. Given the estimated model–data differences, errors, and signal-to-noise ratios, our results indicate that constraining ocean-state estimates to GDP can have a substantial impact on the ECCO large-scale time-mean surface circulation over extensive areas. Impact of GDP data constraints on the ECCO time-variable circulation would be weaker and mainly limited to low latitudes. Representation errors contribute substantially to degrading the data impacts.
FRAGILIDADE FINANCEIRA DAS EMPRESAS NÃO FINANCEIRAS DE CAPITAL ABERTO NO BRASIL ENTRE 2010 E 2016: UMA ANÁLISE SETORIAL A PARTIR DE MINSKY

The paper analyses the financial fragility of Brazilian open-capital non-financial enterprises between 2010 and 2016 according to the typology suggested by Minsky (1992). Applying the methodology from Bacic (1990), the profile of 19 of the 20 economic sectors listed by the Economatica software was analyzed. Concerning the selected period, which was characterized by the reduction of commodities prices, currency depreciation, deceleration of economic growth at the global and domestic levels, and worsening of the financial sources, it was possible to identify a reduction of firms in hedge position and an increase in the number of speculative and ponzi enterprises. However, there are specific sectorial patterns that suggest that some sectors are more resilient than others. This analysis supports the conclusion that, during the reversal of economic cycle, the overall financial fragility of open-capital enterprises increased.
The Impact of Leverages and Operating Efficiency on Market Value Added: Empirical Evidence from India

This article examines the relationship between the market value added and degree financial leverage, degree of operating leverage, and asset turnover ratio of the listed firms in India. The period of study was from 2013 to 2019, and data were collected in annual frequency. Our study concludes that the degree of financial leverage and asset turnover ratio are significantly and negatively associated with the market value added of listed firms in India. We also reported an insignificant relationship between market value added and degree of operating leverage. Our results indicate that promoters holding and firm size are important factors driving the performance of the firms listed in India.
Using action research to initiate school-based teacher development activities: insights from Northern Sindh, Pakistan

ABSTRACT The latest trends in Professional Development (PD) support grounding teacher development activities in the school context. This shift carries remarkable implications for school leadership through the realization that school leaders have a major role to play in PD of teachers. On this basis, action research was undertaken in a higher secondary school in Northern Sindh so as to introduce and sustain school-based PD activities. The research lasted eight months. The school leader, as a researcher, initially played a major role in organizing PD sessions, gradually involving teachers in planning and facilitating such sessions, and finally shifting the overall responsibility to the teachers. The outcomes of this research project suggest that, although challenging, it is possible to initiate and sustain school-based PD activities even in this remote region. The paper discusses several interesting contextual and cultural insights determining the viability of school-based PD activities in this particular region which carry significant implications for school leaders, PD providers, change agents and policy makers.
Role of T2 Mapping Sequences using MR Imaging in Evaluation of Knee Joint Articular Cartilage

Background: Cartilage mapping using Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 is a functional scanning procedure without invasion delivering cartography of the cartilage T2 relaxation time without using of any contrast. It is tissue anisotropy sensitive, and compositional data on the collagen network of cartilage, content of water and concentration of proteoglycans are provided by it. This study used MR scanning technique to assess the T2 mapping sequence role in diagnosis of articular cartilage lesions of knee joint. Patients and Methods: This prospective trial was done to utilize sagittal T2 mapping sequence for assessment of articular cartilage of knee joint on 1.5 T MR. The material of this study included thirty (30) patients. The study included 24/30 cases presented by knee pain, 6/30 cases presented by knee pain following trauma, 10/30 cases presented by limitation of movement and 7/30 cases presented by knee swelling. As each patient had a single conventional MRI examination of the knee followed by a single sagittal T2 maps, 30 MRI examinations and 30 corresponding T2 maps were analyzed. Results: The addition of sagittal T2 maps to standard views improved accuracy in diagnosing cartilage affection in early osteoarthritis. there are 69 (57.5%) lesions diagnosed as grade 0 by MRI Original Research Article Abokamer et al.; JAMMR, 33(4): 96-104, 2021; Article no.JAMMR. 65230 97 only VS 24 (20%) lesions diagnosed as grade 0 by MRI with T2 mapping sequence and 34 (28.3%) lesions diagnosed as grade 1 by MRI only VS 77 (64.2%) lesions diagnosed as grade 1 by MRI with T2 mapping sequence. there is 46 (38.3%) lesions diagnosed as grade 1a by MRI with T2 mapping sequence which diagnosed grade 0 by MRI only. Conclusions: This imaging plane seems to provide a useful addition to standard MR imaging when osteoarthritis is suspected specially among the young population.
Binary Dynamic Logit for Correlated Ordinal: estimation, application and simulation

We evaluate the estimation performance of the Binary Dynamic Logit model for correlated ordinal variables (BDLCO model), and compare it to GEE and Ordinal Logistic Regression performance in terms of bias and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) via Monte Carlo simulation. Our results indicate that when the proportional-odds assumption does not hold, the proposed BDLCO method is superior to existing models in estimating correlated ordinal data. Moreover, this method is flexible in terms of modeling dependence and allows unequal slopes for each category, and can be used to estimate an apple bloom data set where the proportional-odds assumption is violated. We also provide a function in R to implement BDLCO.
High energy X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy of Pt/Al2O3 during CO oxidation in a novel catalytic reactor cell

Abstract The operando methodology dictates not only that catalysts are analysed during reaction while activity and selectivity are monitored by analytical methods, but also that the cell in which the measurement is carried out performs as a catalytic reactor. A cell (Chiarello et al., Rev. Sci. Inst. 85 (2014) 074102) used to conduct spectroscopy and diffraction measurements under operando conditions was tested for CO oxidation on a 2 wt% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst and compared with measurements in a conventional quartz catalytic reactor to demonstrate its suitability to derive kinetic data. High energy X-ray diffraction data were collected during alternate CO and O2 pulses under differential conditions to demonstrate the extent of loss of order of the Pt particles upon exposure to the O2 pulse. The presence of a surface oxide species places the catalyst in a higher activity regime compared to the fully reduced one.
Allelopathic effect of Wedelia trilobata L., on the germination and growth of Cicer arietinum, Vigna unguiculata, and Vigna radiata seedlings

Allelopathy describes a natural process in biotic communities, wherein a plant species suppresses the growth and establishment of neighboring flora. Such plants can be used as sources of allelochemicals to control weeds. The proposed work evaluated the allelopathic activity of Wedelia trilobata L. , against the seed germination and seedling growth of Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), and Vigna radiata (green gram) by the leaf extracts of W. trilobata L. , by Petri dish bioassay. Inhibition in shoot and root growth and fresh and dry weights was tested by one-way analysis of variance. The aqueous extract of Wedelia significantly inhibited the growth of pulse seedlings with a more pronounced effect at higher concentrations. Further, bioassay-guided fractionation yielded the petroleum ether extract showing maximum growth inhibition indicating the non-polar nature of the allelopathic compound. This extract was further fractionated, and the allelo-compounds were identified by HR-LCMSMSMSQTOF analysis as 9-amino-nonanoic acid, colforsin, artelinic acid, Osthol, 4-Nonylphenol, Lagochilin, and Ophiobolin A. The present study suggested a promising tool for controlling weeds through allelopathic compounds isolated from Wedelia, which can be used as natural herbicides that are less disruptive to the ecosystem.
Caregiver Burden and the Level of Perceived Social Support of Caregivers Helping with Inpatient Care of Patients with Gynecologic Cancer

AIM This study aimed to determine the caregiver burden and the level of perceived social support of caregivers helping with inpatient care of patients with gynecologic cancer. METHOD This was a descriptive study. The research sample included 227 caregivers. These caregivers, whose informed consent was obtained, assisted in the inpatient care in gynecologic oncology clinics of 3 hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. The research data were collected using an information form developed to define the characteristics of patients and their caregivers. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. RESULTS The average caregiving duration of the caregivers was 8.63±13.06 days. Their age, educational status, income, employment status, the number of children and duration of caregiving, sharing the caregiving, the difficulties faced during the caregiving significantly affected the caregiver burden and the perceived social support. It was found that there is a moderate, negative, and significant relationship between the scores of caregiver burden and perceived social support. CONCLUSION On the basis of these results, the nurses should adopt an integrated approach while providing care for patients with gynecologic cancer and plan the care by including the caregivers.
A compact low-noise frontend for interleaved Rx/Tx arrays at K-/Ka-Band

Abstract This contribution deals with a frontend for interleaved receive (Rx)-/transmit (Tx)-integrated phased arrays at K-/Ka-band. The circuit is realized in printed circuit board technology and feeds dual-band Rx/Tx- and single-band Tx-antenna elements. The dual-band element feed is composed of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexer with low insertion loss, a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a bandpass filter, and several passive transitions. The compression properties of the LNA are identified through two-tone measurements. The results dictate the maximum allowable output power of the power amplifier. The single band feed consists of a SIW with several transitions. Simulation and measurement results of the individual components are presented. The frontend is assembled and measured. It exhibits an Rx noise figure of 2 dB, a Tx insertion loss of ~ 2.9 dB, and an Rx/Tx-isolation of 70 dB. The setup represents the unit cell of a full array and thus complies with the required half-wave spacing at both Rx and Tx.
Resilience in social housing developments through post-occupancy evaluation and co-production

Abstract The poor initial resilience of the ground-breaking Brazilian urban social housing programme ‘Minha Casa, Minha Vida’(MCMV) affects millions of people, who have tried to adapt their homes, survived the unexpected and have to reinvent themselves constantly. This study delimits the elements that compose the concept of resilience, namely: the impacts, vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities that characterize the resilience of the built environment in the case study selected. To achieve these aims, advanced Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) and Co-production techniques have been applied in the case study of a typical Brazilian MCMV development in Uberlandia (Brazil). The results highlighted factors going beyond the typical vulnerabilities already seen in most of these developments. They pointed out the adaptive recovery capacities as key factors for resilience. This case study provides the means to investigate resilience and its variables in depth within the specific context of MCMV’s social housing, subsidising designers and public policies makers in the elaboration of more resilient projects for these social housing communities.
A Layered KNN-SVM Approach to Predict Missing Values of Functional Requirements in Product Customization

The conversion from functional requirements (FRs) to design parameters is the foundation of product customization. However, original customer needs usually result in incomplete FRs, limited by customers’ incomprehension on the design requirements of these products. As the incomplete FRs may undermine the design activities afterwards, managers need to develop an effective approach to predict the missing values of the FR. This study proposes an integrative approach to obtain the complete FR. The k nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm is employed to predict the missing continuous variables in FR, using the improved distance formula for two incomplete FRs. Support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are adopted to classify the missing categorical variables in FR, combined with directed acyclic graph for multi-class classification. KNN and SVM are then integrated into a multi-layer framework to predict the missing values of FR, where categorical and continuous variables both exist. A case study on the elevator customization is conducted to verify that KNN-SVM is feasible in accurate prediction of elevator FR values. Furthermore, KNN-SVM outperforms other five single and five composite methods, with average reduction in root mean squared error (RMSE) of 39% and 21% against KNN and KNN-Tree, respectively.
Changing currencies and cognitive biases: evidence of the impact of introducing the Euro on dividend heaping in Europe

ABSTRACT Heaping is defined as a cognitive bias to round numbers even if precise results are desired. This article targets on dividends in four key European markets (Germany, France, the UK, and Switzerland) over the 1981–2019 period. We hypothesize and report that the change of currency in Germany and France (they both adopted the Euro in January 1999) significantly influenced the characteristics of heaping observed in the dividends both in the short and in the long run. We also report that consistent with the prior literature, the probability of rounding of dividends in each country is significantly related to both information uncertainty and dividend size. In the UK and Switzerland heaping increases over time for the full 1981–2019 period for all designated rounding intervals. For Germany and France heaping increases for all rounding intervals during the 1981–1998 period, but the adoption of the Euro leads to a drastic reduction of heaping that lasts several years in both markets. In the long run, after the adoption of the Euro, the likelihood of heaping recovers for small rounding intervals, but remains well below the previous levels for larger rounding intervals.
How Stable Are Corporate Capital Structures? International Evidence

Abstract Using a large sample of firms from 43 markets, we find significant time-series variation in firms’ leverage ratios around the world. Industry median leverage ratios and aggregate leverage ratios also change substantially over time. Relative to actual leverage ratios, target leverage ratios estimated from the time-varying target models are much more stable. Variance decomposition shows that leverage instability is largely driven by deviations from the target. A number of firm and market characteristics are related to capital structure instability. We also find evidence consistent with firms using financing activities to adjust their leverage ratios towards the target in global markets.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents Residing in Malay-operated Non-government-run Sheltered Homes in Selangor, Malaysia

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and the associated factors among 632 adolescents (age range: 13-17 years, Mage = 14.47, SD = 1.32) staying in sheltered homes in Malaysia. The Malay versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied. The overall prevalence of mild to severe depression and anxiety in this study was 70.9% and 82.3% respectively, with 64.1% for comorbidity of both symptoms. Specifically, the prevalence rates of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms were 29.1%, 38.4%, 22.4%, and 10.1% respectively whereas the prevalence rates of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe anxiety symptoms were 17.7%, 27.7%, 33.2%, and 21.4% respectively. The severity of negative automatic thoughts increased with the severity of depression and anxiety. Age, anxiety, negative automatic thoughts, and self-esteem were significantly associated with depression while depression, negative automatic thought, and anger were significantly associated with anxiety. The high rates of depression and anxiety among adolescents residing in the sheltered homes indicate the need to identify these at-risk populations and provide trained personnel who can deliver psychiatric and psychological services at sheltered homes.
Beyond rentiership: Standardisation, intangibles and value capture in global production

We examine corporate rentiership in the contemporary economy and suggest that the idea we are in a moment of step-change within capitalism may be premature. Implicit in arguments for a step-change is the claim that the present-day economy emphasises unproductive or rentier forms rather than the more productive and entrepreneurial forms of the past. In contrast, we argue that to understand our current situation we need to focus on the division of labour and most especially on processes of standardisation and the rise of intangible assets. Moving from Marx’s understanding of rent as a class relation, we re-embed rent within the circuit of capital and the realm of value distribution to investigate the class dynamics (among labour, capital and the state) through which giant firms seem to generate value out of rentierism. We argue that these class dynamics include the crucial and unexplored relation between standardisation and intangibles. We suggest standardisation within the division of labour renders people, places, and things interchangeable and that, in contrast, intangible assets differentiate them. When intangible assets emerge as new forms of property, they enable owners to generate scarcity and exert direct and/or indirect control over the wider division of labour. Through examining the combined rise of standardisation and intangible assets within the technical division of labour, we demonstrate how hierarchy within the social division of labour empowers some corporations to capture value produced elsewhere within the circuit of capital.
LA GESTIÓN DE LA AUTONOMÍA DE LOS MENORES EN LOS PROCESOS DE DIVORCIO PARENTAL

En el contexto de los derechos de la infancia se discute como se debe gestionar la autonomia de los menores. La legislacion internacional y europea, asumida por los Estados miembros, reconoce el derecho de los menores a ser escuchados y a opinar en los asuntos que afecten su vida personal, familiar y social. En este articulo nos centraremos en la franja de edad de entre los 12 y los 16 anos, y en la situacion de divorcio parental. Nos preguntaremos si cuando afrontan la separacion de sus padres, los menores quieren realmente opinar y sobre que, analizaremos las ventajas y los riesgos de considerar sus opiniones, y reflexionaremos sobre el grado en que hay que tenerlas en cuenta. Finalmente, propondremos un procedimiento de toma de decisiones acompanada que de voz a los adolescentes cuando sus padres se separan.