Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Grape Temperature on the Sensory Perception of Méthode Cap Classique Wines

The production process of South African bottle-fermented sparkling wine, the Methode Cap Classique (MCC), follows the traditional French method (methode champenoise), although each cellar has its own unique additions to the method. South African winemakers use different techniques and blends to achieve their award-winning MCCs, but there have not been many scientific investigations of the science behind these wines. This project is one of the first scientific studies on MCC. MCC wines were made using Chardonnay and Pinot Noir grapes harvested over two vintages (2014 and 2015) from two regions (Robertson and Darling) and stored at 0°C, 10°C, 25°C and 30°C before processing. The study was aimed at investigating the effect of grape storage temperature on the sensory characteristics of MCCs. The aroma and taste of the final nine-month old MCCs were evaluated, with each region analysed separately. The study showed a grouping of the MCCs according to temperature treatments for both vintages. There were vintage differences in terms of the attributes cited and the frequency of citations. Based on the frequency of citation, the MCCs made 2014 from grapes stored at 0°C and 10°C were described by the judges as having a fruity, fresh and crisp aroma, whilst those made from grapes stored at 25°C and 30°C were described as having oxidised fruit, volatile acidity and solvent-like aromas. The judges perceived less oxidation and volatile acidity (VA) (in terms of the frequency of citation) in the aroma of the 2015 MCCs, although treatments at higher temperatures were still associated with less desirable attributes compared to treatments at lower temperature. This study shown that the temperature of the grape at the time of processing has a significant effect on the aroma of MCCs aged nine months, and not so much of an effect on the taste.
'A Flop or a Success?' An Evaluation of the Welfare Impacts of the 6-3-3-4 Education System in Nigeria

The need for graduates who would be productive citizens able to contribute significantly to the Nigerian economy led to the overhaul of the old education system 6-5-4 and the implementation of the 6-3-3-4 system, with its first set of graduates from secondary schools in 1988. The main objective of the 6-3-3- 4 system was to produce self-reliant graduates with better labor market skills and earning potential. In this paper, we investigate to what extent this goal was achieved. Using a Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, we examine if graduates from the 6-3-3-4 system experienced an improvement in welfare compared to those from the old system. We measure welfare improvement using several indicators such as a decline in poverty likelihood and poverty gap, an increase in the probability of employment and an increase in wages. Our results provide some evidence that the new system led to a decrease in the likelihood of being poor compared to those who passed through the old system. We also provide evidence of higher wages for select participants. We do not find any consistent evidence that the 6-3-3-4 system increased the probability of being employed when we compare participants from both systems. Our results suggest that while the system change may not have met some of its critical objectives, it cannot be viewed as totally ineffective.
Flux estimates of ions from the lunar exosphere

We compare estimates for the ion fluxes of twelve expected constituents of the lunar exosphere with estimates for the ion fluxes ejected from the lunar surface by solar wind ions and electrons. Our estimates demonstrate that measurements of lunar ions will help constrain the abundances of many undetected species in the lunar exosphere, particularly Al and Si, because the expected ion flux levels from the exosphere exceed those from the surface. To correctly infer the relative abundances of exospheric ions and neutrals from Kaguya Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) measurements, we must take into account the velocity distributions of local ions. The predicted spectrum underestimates the measured levels of O+ relative to other lunar ion species, a result that may suggest contributions by molecular ions to the measured O+ rates.
The Food Corporation of India and the Public Distribution System : Impacts on Market Integration in Wheat , Rice , Pearl Millet , and Corn by

This paper examines the spatial integration of major staple commodity markets in India. We consider wheat, rice, pearl millet, and corn markets. This set represents the two most highly regulated crops, wheat and rice; and two that are regulated to a lesser degree, pearl millet and corn. Our data come from the states of Bihar, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, states that produce a large share of India’s cereal grains. Access to food remains an important issue for India as it develops. Because of this, the Indian government regulates the markets for staple foods heavily, requiring almost all grain be marketed through government licensed mandis. The government enforces a minimum price in the regulated markets by placing government buyers in each market that will purchase any amount of grain meeting minimum quality standards at the minimum support price. This activity results in the government being the primary entity engaged in the storage of staple food crops. These market interventions discourage private investment in storage capacity among farmers and traders who handle grain in the private sector, which could impact market integration and efficient price transmission. However, we find the strongest evidence for market integration in the rice markets, which is one of the most regulated of the crops considered. Therefore, there seems to be some benefit from the government’s market making activities that may compensate for a lack of infrastructure to facilitate market integration.
A GOOD PREDICTOR OF SWIM START PERFORMANCE ?

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any relationships between land tests and starting performance in swimmers. Results on six British international level male swimmers were collected and analysed independently to ensure no bias. Pearson correlations showed significant relationships between peak vertical forces on land with peak vertical forces on both the main plate and wedge components of the OSB11 style starting block. Correlations were also found with maximum depth and entry distance for both jump height and peak force indicating that land tests can be used as an alternative to instrumented blocks for accurate assessments of starting performance.
Hydrodynamic Simulation of the Femtosecond Laser Processing of Metals

The electron–ion collision frequency is a key factor for simulations of the interaction process of ultrashort lasers with metals. In this paper, we propose a semiempirical method based on the Drude–Sommerfeld model for obtaining the electron–ion collision frequency over a wide temperature range, from solid-state to high-temperature plasma. Moreover, we performed a series of hydrodynamic simulations including the modified electron–ion collision frequency. The results indicated that the modified electron–ion collision frequency can exactly describe not only the energy deposits of various femtosecond laser pulses but also the transient properties of electrons on the metal surface. Moreover, a simple function was identified to describe the relationship between laser intensity and peak electron temperature on the surface. This mothed is expected to be beneficial for simulations of the interaction process of femtosecond laser pulses with metals.
Information presentation and troubleshooting in electrical circuits

While learning a complex skill in science using a computer‐based simulation, optimal timing of information presentation facilitates learning and enhances test performance. An optimal information presentation format is proposed: supportive information is presented before practising a skill, and procedural information is presented during practice. Four information presentation formats were compared in a factorial design with the factors timing of supportive information (before or during task practice) and timing of procedural information (before or during task practice). Eighty‐eight third‐year high school students (37 male, 51 female; mean age = 14 years, standard deviation = 0.52) participated in the experiment. Information searching behaviour and transfer test performance were studied. The information searching behaviour confirms the hypothesis. Findings on the transfer test are less clear due to a bottom effect.
Positioning business in uncertain conditions by weighting a competitive profile matrix using the fuzzy DEMATEL

Article history: Received January 14, 2014 Accepted 10 June 2014 Available online June 14 2014 In competitive markets, various businesses compete with other competitors for preservation and development of their positions. This effort and competition can be demonstrated under various criteria (component), which represent the position of company in business environment. There are different tools to demonstrate accurate position of company or firm in a specific (target) market and mentioned tools have been developed in strategic management and marketing. One of these quantitative tools is Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM), which represents the position of company compared with other competitors. CPM is based on scoring various criteria (components) in target market of the company. The study proposes weighting in CPM matrix based on the implementation of Fuzzy DEMATEL technique. The proposed model considers uncertainty of weighting using fuzzy logic and the implementation of the proposed model is demonstrated using a simple example. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Concepts discrimination research

Concepts discrimination is proposed to improve precision for information retrieval. Based on Ontology, semantic correlation between the ontology concepts and the user keywords of information retrieval is measured to fix on a semantic context that the computer can understand. Concepts synonymous extension is used to improve the probability of matching the concepts with the user keywords. Several coefficients definitions are used to denote the correlated extent of ontology concepts and the user keywords. Sorting these coefficients is to choose the most suitable concepts for the user keywords. With these suitable concepts, A distinct semantic context for the user keywords is worked out.
Chemical composition of virgin olive oils from the Chemlali cultivar with regard to the method of the olive tree propagation

This paper reports for the first time a discrimination study based on the antioxidant compounds, oxidative stability and volatile compounds of virgin olive oil samples obtained from fruits of the main Tunisian olive cultivar (Chemlali) using two methods of olive tree propagation (suckers and cuttings). There were significant differences between the oils from the two methods. Olive oil samples obtained from the fruits of trees from suckers had a higher content of oleic acid (63.8%), higher contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids (3.01 mg/ kg and 1.9 mg/kg respectively), a higher content of (E)-2 hexenal (66.1%) and a higher content in total phenols (890 mg/kg). Interestingly, more stable oil was obtained from the olives from suckers compared to the olives from cuttings. These results can be used to discriminate and to characterize the Chemlali olive oils from each origin of olive tree.
FUZZY MODEL OPTIMIZATION FOR TIME SERIES DATA USING A TRANSLATION IN THE EXTENT OF MEAN ERROR

Recently, many researchers in the field of writing about the prediction of stock price forecasting, el ectricity load demand and academic enrollment using fuzzy methods. However, in general, modeling does not consider the model position to actual data yet wher e it means that error is not been handled optimally . The error that is not managed well can reduce the a ccuracy of the forecasting. Therefore, the paper wi ll discuss reducing error using model translation. The error that will be reduced is Mean Square Error (MSE). Here, the analysis is done mathematically an d the empirical study is done by applying translation to fuzzy model for enrollment forecasti ng at the Alabama University. The results of this analysis show that the translation in the extent of mean error can reduce the MSE.
Synthesis and characterisation of calcium carbonate aragonite nanocrystals from cockle shell powder ( anadara granosa )

The synthesis of pure calcium carbonate nanocrystals using a high pressure homogeniser (HPH) via a microemulsion system produced uniform nanosized particles, which were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The identified particles were aragonite polymorphs with a rod shape and were approximately 50nm in size. The aragonite polymorph of calcium carbonate was prepared from biogenic materials, cockle shells, and exhibited unique characteristics (i.e., a higher density than that of calcite), which makes it biocompatible and potentially suitable for applications in the medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and paint industries. The methods adopted and the nonionic surfactant used in the synthesis of calcium carbonate nanocrystalline aragonite polymorphs were environmentally friendly and can be scaled up for industrial production. The sources are naturally availablematerials that are by-products of the seafood industry, which offers an opportunity for exploitation in numerous industrial applications.
Strain and electric field tunable electronic structure of buckled bismuthene

Based on first-principles density functional theory calculations, we systemically study the properties of two-dimensional buckled single-layer bismuth (b-bismuthene). The structure, stability, and electronic properties are mainly discussed by PBE + SOC method and the hybrid functional HSE06 method is used to further revise the band gap. The optimized b-bismuthene is determined to be dynamically and thermally stable with an indirect band gap. In particular, there is a peculiar Rashba spin-splitting emerging in the valence band maximum (VBM) states. Interestingly, the Rashba energy could be effectively modulated by in-layer biaxial strain. By applying in-layer biaxial strain, one can find that b-bismuthene has indirect–direct band gap and semiconductor–semimetal transitions. Moreover, we also study the electronic structure of bilayer b-bismuthene that is sensitively dependent on the interlayer distance. We demonstrate that the electric field (E-field) leads to a breaking of the Rashba-type splitting near the VBM of single b-bismuthene. More importantly, there is a synergistic effect when both strain and electric field are applied at the same time. The E-field induced band splitting character could be modified by the strain strength. Thus, this study indicates that b-bismuthene may be a potential material in both electronic and spintronic devices.
Prevalencia de corioamnionitis histológica en pacientes con trabajo de parto pretérmino espontáneo. Popayán, Colombia, 2014–2016

Objective: To determine the presence of histologic chorioamnionitis in pregnant women in spontaneous pre-term labour, and to evaluate potential risk factors and association with clinical and paraclinical signs and symptoms. Materials and methods: Descriptive prevalence study with secondary exploratory analysis in pregnant women under 37 weeks of gestation with spontaneous delivery in whom the placenta was used for histopathology testing, conducted over a 2-year period in a high complexity hospital in Popayan, Colombia. Secondary pre-term deliveries were excluded. Consecutive sampling, with a sample size of 166 pregnant women. Social, demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging variables were measured, as well as the placental histopathology test result. The analysis estimated the prevalence of histological chorioamnionitis period. The prevalence ratio as a measure of association and the diagnostic OR (DOR) with its respective 95 % confidence interval were obtained. Results: Overall, 160 pregnant women and their placentas were analyzed over a 2-year period. There were positive reports for 110 placentas with histological chorioamnionitis, for a prevalence of 68.75 % (95 % CI: 61.49-76.00), the prevalence being higher in gestations under 34 weeks (PR = 1.48; 95 % CI: 1.20-1.83). Regarding association of signs and symptoms, a significant association was found with fever (DOR = 4.7; 95 % CI: 1.05-21.09), maternal tachycardia (DOR = 4.22; 95 % CI: 1.81-9.81), foetal tachycardia (DOR = 3.74; 95 % CI: 1.23-11.35), absent breathing movements (DOR = 5.16; 95 % CI: 1.43-18.60), amniotic fluid lower than 2 cm (DOR = 5.67; 95 % CI: 1.24- 25.98), and presence of neutrophilia (DOR = 2.97; 95 % CI: 1.44-6.12). Conclusions: The prevalence of histological chorioamnionitis was 67 % in pre-term deliveries and varied in accordance with gestational age.
P o S ( I S C C 2 0 1 7 ) 0 2 1 Training on Statistical Feature Models of Action Units for 3 D Facial Expression Recognition

Most of the existing studies on 3D Facial Expression Recognition (FER) are messaged-based approaches, which only detect the already known six universal expressions. In this paper, we describe the group of global and local features used to comprehensively characterize facial activities. These features are further used to train Statistical Feature Models (SFMs) associated with each Action Unit (AU). The occurrence probability of a specific AU on an input textured 3D face model is then computed. The results demonstrate that the evidence of AUs is of importance for applying AU space to evaluate expressions.
Shear Capacity of HPFRC Beams Flexurally Reinforced with Steel and Prestressed GFRP Bars

SUMMARY This paper presents the relevant results from an experimental program to assess the shear capacity of high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) beams flexurally reinforced with a hybrid system of passive steel and prestressed GFRP longitudinal bars. Three series of two beams with different level of prestressing were tested. The effect of prestressing level on the shear capacity of the beams was the main investigated parameter. The results showed an enhancement of the load carrying capacity, ductility and energy absorption with the increase of the prestress level. Based on the obtained results, the predictive performance of the analytical formulations of CEB-FIP Model Code 2010 and RILEM TC 162-TDF for the shear capacity of FRC beams was assessed. Both formulations seem appropriate for design purposes, but the CEB-FIP formulation predicts more conservative shear capacity. The experimental results demonstrated that the prestressing level has an effect on the shear capacity much higher than the one recommended by the codes.
A High Gain & Wide Band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna loaded with "Interconnected SRR" Metamaterial Structure

Communication applications require wide band and highly directive planner Antennas. For such requirement this work deals with the analysis and simulation of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna loaded with “INTERCONNECTED SRR” Metamaterial Structure at a height of 3.2mm from the ground plane. The work also investigates the potential properties of the proposed Metamaterial Structure. The proposed Antenna is designed at an operating frequency of 2.75GHz to meet S-Band (2-4GHz) applications. By loading “Interconnected SRR” Metamaterial Structure with the Rectangular Patch Antenna at a height of 3.2mm, the Antenna’s bandwidth is found to be increased up to 378MHz and return loss is reduced to -42.2dB i.e. the potential properties like return loss, bandwidth, directivity, gain and total efficiency of the proposed Antenna increases to a great extent in comparison to the Rectangular Patch Antenna alone. Double Negative properties (permittivity & permeability) of the proposed Metamaterial Structure have also been verified by Nicolson-Ross-weir (NRW) method.
MAXIMIZING ENERGY RETENTION IN GRAZING RUMINANTS

SUMMARY (1) Costs of locomotion are frequently ignored in models determining the optimal diet of free-ranging ungulates. In order to determine whether such omissions are justified, the relationship between bite size and distance travelled per day is investigated in several wild species of ruminant grazing natural pastures in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. (2) The distance travelled to obtain a gram of food rises exponentially as bite size declines. Animals feeding on short swards have small bite sizes, but it is suggested that animals feeding selectively on course grasslands would also have small bite sizes. It is shown that the heat production in locomotion of selective animals can form a large fraction of the daily intake of metabolizable energy. (3) A simple model of the energy exchange in free-ranging ruminants is developed incorporating parameters of diet quality and heat production. The model applies to pastures which do not set a limit to the daily intake of dry matter. The optimum level of selection for high quality constituents in the grass sward is found by determining the conditions in which energy retention (net energy) is at a maximum. (4) For any particular pasture, the optimum level of selection is found to be strongly dependent on the cost of locomotion per day and on the difference between the metabolizable energy concentration of high and low quality constituents, weakly dependent on the average quality of forage, and independent of the ruminant's resting metabolic rate. (5) The model predicts that the optimum level of selection by large grazing herbivores will be lower than that of smaller animals. This is because large herbivores gain more from digesting low quality constituents due to their ability to digest cell walls, and also because the foraging costs of large animals are higher.
Relationship between Socio-Demographic Factors and Eating Practices in a Multicultural Society

There is currently a dearth of information pertaining to socio-demographic factors and eating practices in a multicultural country like Mauritius. This study was therefore undertaken to probe the different eating practices among an adult sample population in Mauritius in an endeavor to establish significant relationships, if any, with common socio-demographic and socio-economic factors. A self-designed questionnaire, (randomly distributed to n = 387 adults), pertaining to socio-demographic variables, vegetarianism, breakfast patterns, eating out of home meals (OHMs), food frequency questions and dieting practices were asked. Males (21 - 40 yrs) had a significantly (p 0.05) to adherence to the recommendations for the consumption of fish. The socio-demographic factors most influential towards eating practices were gender, age and socio-economic status represented by education and occupation. In conclusion, relationships recorded in the present study were comparable to Western eating practices and the availability of certain foods has compelled Mauritians to develop its own and unique eating patterns which can be of relevance in providing accurate health targets for future nutrition interventions in Mauritius.