Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MLL fusions: Pathways to leukemia

Human leukemia with chromosomal band 11q23 aberrations that disrupt the MLL/HRX/ALL-1 gene portends poor prognosis1-13. MLL associated leukemias account for the majority of infant leukemia, ~10% of adult de novo leukemia, and ~33% of therapy related acute leukemia with balanced chromosome translocation. The 500kD MLL precursor is processed by Taspase1 to generate mature MLLN320/C180 which orchestrates many aspects of biology such as embryogenesis, cell cycle, cell fate, and stem cell. Leukemogenic MLL translocations fuse the common MLL N-terminus (~1,400 aa) in frame with more than 60 translocation partner genes (TPGs). Recent studies on MLL and MLL leukemia have greatly advanced our knowledge concerning the normal function of MLL and its deregulation in leukemogenesis. Here, we summarize the critical biological and pathological activities of MLL and MLL fusions, and discuss available models and potential therapeutic targets of MLL associated leukemias.
Sec15 Is an Effector for the Rab11 GTPase in Mammalian Cells*

Rab/Ypt GTPases play key roles in the regulation of vesicular trafficking. They perform most of their functions in a GTP-bound form by interacting with specific downstream effectors. The exocyst is a complex of eight polypeptides involved in constitutive secretion and functions as an effector for multiple Ras-related small GTPases, including the Rab protein Sec4p in yeast. In this study, we have examined the localization and function of the Sec15 exocyst subunit in mammalian cells. Overexpressed Sec15 associated with clusters of tubular/vesicular elements that were concentrated in the perinuclear region. The tubular/vesicular clusters were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm upon treatment with the microtubule-depolymerizing agent nocodazole and were accessible to endocytosed transferrin, but not exocytic cargo (vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein). Consistent with these observations, Sec15 colocalized selectively with the recycling endosome marker Rab11 and exhibited a GTP-dependent interaction with the Rab11 GTPase, but not with Rab4, Rab6, or Rab7. These findings provide the first evidence that the exocyst functions as a Rab effector complex in mammalian cells.
Effects of impaired functional domains of osteopontin on renal crystal formation: Analyses of OPN transgenic and OPN knockout mice

Osteopontin (OPN) has been described as playing a nonredundant role in renal crystal formation. Here we investigated the effects of impaired domains of OPN, namely, the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence and two calcium‐binding sites on crystal formation. We used wild‐type mice (WT group), OPN knockout mice (KO group), and OPN knockout mice carrying either a transgene in which the RGD sequence had been modified to Arg‐Gly‐Glu (RGE group) or whose two calcium‐binding sites had been deleted (CaX group). Following intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate for 9 days, the changes occurring in three parameters of crystal formation—localization, number, and microstructure—were analyzed. In the WT group, crystal deposits increased gradually at the renal corticomedullary junction in an orderly fashion, whereas those in the KO group were observed sporadically in the renal cortex. In both the CaX and RGE groups, deposits were localized near the corticomedullary junction. Crystal deposition was greatest in the WT group and least in the KO group. The number of deposits in the RGE group was nearly equal to that in the KO group. Microscopic observations revealed that the crystal nuclei in the CaX group were stratified and occurred in a disordered pattern; this pattern was dissimilar to that in the WT group, in which a rosette petal–like radial pattern was observed. In the RGE group, the nuclei exhibited a radial pattern similar to that in the WT group. The results indicated the possibility that each domain contributes to the mechanism by which OPN stimulates crystal formation. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Parental influence on adolescent sexual behavior in high-poverty settings.

BACKGROUND African American adolescents living in high-poverty urban settings are at increased risk for early sexual initiation and sexually transmitted diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine whether parental strategies to monitor their children's social behavior and to communicate with them about sexual risks help to reduce the initiation of risky sexual behavior and prevent the resulting adverse health outcomes. METHODS To assess the viability of these strategies, we surveyed a stratified cross-section of African American children aged 9 to 17 years (N = 355) living in urban public housing. Talking computers were used to increase the confidentiality and comparability of the interviews across the wide age range. RESULTS Children who reported high levels of parental monitoring were less likely to report initiating sex in pre-adolescence (aged < or = 10 years) and reported lower rates of sexual initiation as they aged. Children who reported receiving both greater monitoring and communication concerning sexual risks were also less likely to have engaged in anal sex. Communication was also positively related to the initiation of condom use and consistent condom use. The protective correlates of these parenting strategies were independent of the type of guardian (mother vs other family member). CONCLUSION Interventions with parents and other guardians to increase monitoring and communication about sexual risks seem to be promising health-promotion strategies for adolescents in high-risk settings.
EMMPRIN: A Novel Regulator of Leukocyte Transmigration into the CNS in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN, CD147) is a member of the Ig superfamily, with various physiological roles including the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leukocyte activation, and tumor progression. In this study, we illustrate a novel involvement of EMMPRIN in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found EMMPRIN levels to be upregulated on peripheral leukocytes before onset of EAE clinical signs and on infiltrating leukocytes and resident cells within the CNS in symptomatic mice. In EAE brain sections, EMMPRIN expression was localized with MMP-9 protein and activity. The increased EMMPRIN level was also characteristic of brain samples from MS subjects, particularly in plaque-containing areas. To evaluate the implications of elevated EMMPRIN levels, we treated EAE mice with an EMMPRIN function-blocking antibody and found reduced EAE clinical severity accompanied by decreased CNS parenchymal infiltration of leukocytes. Amelioration of EAE clinical signs by the anti-EMMPRIN antibody was critically dependent on its administration around the period of onset of clinical signs, which is typically associated with significant influx of leukocytes into the CNS. Moreover, the reduction in disease severity in anti-EMMPRIN-treated mice was associated with diminished MMP proteolytic activity at the glia limitans, the final barrier before parenchymal infiltration of leukocytes. Together, our results are the first to emphasize a role for EMMPRIN in MS and EAE, whereby EMMPRIN regulates leukocyte trafficking through increasing MMP activity. These results identify EMMPRIN as a novel therapeutic target in MS.
AMPA glutamate receptors and their flip and flop mRIMAs in human hippocampus

AMPA-preferring glutamate receptor genes gluR1-4 undergo alternative splicing into flip and flop mRNA isoforms. In the rodent hippocampus, gluR1 and gluR2 isoforms are differentially expressed. We have studied their distribution in human hippocampus. As in the rat, flop isoforms predominate over flip in dentate gyrus, whereas gluR1 flip is prominent only in CA3. In contrast to the rat, flop mRNAs are clearly present in CA3. At a cellular level, pyramidal neurones express moderate amounts of each isoform. In several hippocampal fields, scattered non-pyramidal cells--putatively interneurones and glia--show abundant expression. The findings are supported by immunocytochemical detection of gluR1 and gluR2/3. As the four encoded isoforms have distinct properties, their differential expression within the hippocampus, and between species, should be taken into account when considering the roles of AMPA receptors in normal and abnormal brain states.
Competencias e prácticas científicas no laboratorio de química: participación do alumnado de secundaria na indagación

Nesta tese examinase: a) o desenvolvemento da competencia cientifica de alumnado de secundaria a traves da sua participacion nas practicas de planificacion e posta en practica de investigacions e de analise e interpretacion de datos; e b) as estratexias docentes encaminadas a transferencia de responsabilidade ao alumnado na indagacion. O estudo levase a cabo ao longo de dous cursos consecutivos (3o e 4o de ESO) e consiste na realizacion de cinco tarefas de laboratorio de indagacion cunha duracion de duas sesions cada unha nas que o alumnado traballa en pequeno grupo e dunha tarefa final individual de lapiz e papel. Para a toma de datos gravaronse as sesions de laboratorio en audio e video, posteriormente foron transcritas, utilizando pseudonimos para respetar a intimidade de estudantes e profesores. Para a analise dos datos utilizase a estratexia de analise do discurso, empregando as transcricions para elaborar as rubricas de analise correspondentes a cada pregunta de investigacion. Os resultados apuntan a: a) Existen diferenzas nas categorias de practicas epistemicas levadas a cabo polo alumnado entre as tarefas, entre fases (planificacion e posta en practica) e entre tipos de operacions (de tipo xeral e de tipo indagativo). b) Un modesto progreso dos desempenos do alumnado ao longo do estudo nas practicas cientificas de: 1) planificacion e posta en practica de investigacions; e 2) analise e interpretacion de datos. En canto a practica de deseno e posta en practica de investigacions, identificase unha frecuencia menor no numero de episodios adicados a cada operacion epistemica nas tarefas finais do estudo (4 e 5), que relacionamos coa familiarizacion do alumnado coa forma de resolver este tipo de tarefas. Ademais o alumnado evoluciona no deseno de investigacions, ao final do estudo son capaces de elaborar desenos que permiten resolver a tarefa sen a axuda do profesor. En canto a practica analise e interpretacion de datos, os resultados indican unha evolucion positiva, de menor a maior regulacion na interpretacion de resultados anomalos obtidos na posta en practica das planificacions en dous dos tres grupos (O/O? e T/T? ). c) Unha serie de estratexias docentes que son mais axeitadas para promover a participacion do alumnado na indagacion. No noso estudo as estratexias mais axeitadas consisten en promover a avaliacion de conecemento a traves de preguntas abertas e mediante a modelizacion de procesos. Por tanto suxerimos a necesidade de introducir de forma regular nas aulas tarefas de laboratorio que permitan a participacion do alumnado nas practicas cientificas xa que estas permiten desenvolver a competencia no deseno de indagacions cientificas (OCDE, 2013). Non obstante somos conscientes de que levar a cabo este tipo de tarefas presenta dificultades non so para o alumnado senon tamen para o profesorado, que precisa ser formado en como promover a participacion do alumnado neste tipo de tarefas de forma efectiva.
Analysis of IP Prefix Hijacking and Traffic Interception

Summary In the Internet, BGP is de facto inter-domain routing protocol. And it is vulnerable to a number of damaging attacks. Among these attacks, IP prefix hijacking and traffic interception are regarded as the serious threats in the Internet. There have been many incidents of IP prefix hijacking in the Internet. The hijacking AS can blackhole the hijacked traffic by introducing network unreachability problem. Alternatively, it can transparently intercept the hijacked traffic by forwarding it onto the owner. Although there is no reported incident about traffic interception yet, it cannot be said that there was no such attack in the Internet. Because traffic interception does not introduce any network unreachability problem and it is transparent to the victim. Many ideas have been presented to try to detect or prevent prefix hijacking. However, there is no enough analysis towards both areas. This paper makes analysis of IP prefix hijacking and traffic interception for a stepping-stone towards solving these two threats. In this paper, we survey IP prefix hijacking incidents and we present the analysis of IP prefix hijacking and traffic interception.
diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders : a systematic review of axis I epidemiologic findings

systematic review of axis I epidemiologic findings Daniele Manfredini, DDS, Luca Guarda-Nardini, MD, DDS, Ephraim Winocur, DMD, Fabio Piccotti, DDS, Jari Ahlberg, DDS, PhD, and Frank Lobbezoo, DDS, PhD, Padova, Italy; Tel Aviv, Israel; Helsinki, Finland; and Amsterdam, The Netherlands UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA, UNIVERSITY OF TEL AVIV, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, AND UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM AND VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM
Use of the ketogenic diet in neonates and infants

The ketogenic diet (KD) is still viewed as virtually last‐line therapy in childhood epilepsies, and specifically as unsafe and difficult to initiate and maintain in neonates and infants. Information is presented to show that the KD is safe and efficacious in this population, and should be carefully studied to determine its real usefulness as first‐line or early therapy (one or fewer anticonvulsants) in the catastrophic epilepsies of infancy.
Applying affective assessment to detect the ICT infused mathematics intervention effect

The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive power of a computerized mathematics learning approach scale (CMLAS) change measure. The change of CMLAS is applied as an indicator for ICT infused mathematics intervention effect. A computerized dynamic assessment model which combines mathematics computerized adaptive testing (MCAT) and a two-phase ICT infused intervention is implemented in this study. The first intervention phase uses a spatial game to modify student's mathematics learning approach. The second intervention phase focuses on fostering the slow learner's automaticity of numerical operation. The results suggest that the assessment of goal orientation change is a good predictor for ICT infused mathematics intervention effect.
Pharmacokinetics / Pharmacodynamics

Spend your few moment to read a book even only few pages. Reading book is not obligation and force for everybody. When you don't want to read, you can get punishment from the publisher. Read a book becomes a choice of your different characteristics. Many people with reading habit will always be enjoyable to read, or on the contrary. For some reasons, this journal of pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics tends to be the representative book in this website.
Quality of Life Research in Endometrial Cancer: What Is Needed to Advance Progress in This Disease Site? Methodological Considerations From the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup Symptom Benefit Working Group Brainstorming Session, Leiden 2012

Background Quality of life (QoL) in endometrial cancer (EC) is understudied. Incorporation of QoL questionnaires and patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials has been inconsistent, and the tools and interpretation of these measures are unfamiliar to most practitioners. In 2012, the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup Symptom Benefit Working Group convened for a brainstorming collaborative session to address deficiencies and work toward improving the quality and quantity of QoL research in women with EC. Methods Through literature review and international expert contributions, we compiled a comprehensive appraisal of current generic and disease site–specific QoL assessment tools, strengths and weaknesses of these measures, assessment of sexual health, statistical considerations, and an exploration of the unique array of histopathologic and clinical factors that may influence QoL outcomes in women with EC. Results This collaborative composition is the first publication specific to EC that addresses methodology in QoL research and the components necessary to achieve high quality QoL data in clinical trials. Future recommendations regarding (1) the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes in all clinical trials in EC, (2) definition of an a priori hypothesis, (3) utilization of validated tools and consideration of new tools corresponding to new therapies or specific symptoms, (4) publication within the same time frame as clinical outcome data, and (5) attempt to correct for disease site–specific potential confounders are presented. Conclusions Improved understanding of methodology in QoL research and an increased undertaking of EC-specific QoL research in clinical trials are imperative if we are to improve outcomes in women with EC.
Energy and Power Density: A Key Factor in Lasers Studies.

To the editor I read with interest, three articles in subject of laser studies published in JCDR in last few months. The authors in their researches used different types of lasers devices: Niranjani et al., (diode laser), Murthy et al., (CO2 laser), Kanumuru and Subbaiah (diode and Nd:YAG lasers) [1–3]. Unfortunately the authors have not presented in their researches a value of energy density (fluency) of lasers which is key factor to measure a dose of energy absorbed by treated tissues [Table/Fig-1]. [Table/Fig-1]: Comparison of studies Different types of lasers with same or different wavelength have been utilized in medical market, but the varied inbuilt technology in these devices provides divergent results in energy density (amount of light) which is absorbed by the tissue. The total energy delivered, divided by the area (energy per unit area) is called fluency or energy density. In a number of examples, fluency is the most important parameter for laser therapy [4]. Aside from energy density, a second important parameter in lasers measurement is a power density. The power density (irradiance) is a ratio of power (P) in Watt (W) to the cross section area (I=W/cm2). The importance of this will be clarified when we consider the interaction of laser beams with different materials [5]. Example: A pulsed laser emitting a beam with repetition rate f =1 pulse per second (1Hz), with energy of 50mJ (0.05J), for two diameters of a laser tip, the results in fluency (J/cm2) are divergent: 200μm tip, E=J/πr2, r=0.5d, r=0.01cm; 0.05J/3.14*0.012= 159.2J/cm2 per pulse 400 μm tip, E=J/πr2, r=0.5d, r=0.02cm; 0.05J/3.14*0.012= 39.8J/cm2 per pulse As the example showed that doubling of tip diameter implicates in 4 times energy density growth. It is very important in all studies that a data which can help to repeat each experiment by other researchers should be provided. Thus, all the studies should include the important parameters which allow comparing different kinds of lasers [4]. In Niranjani et al., Murthy et al., and Kanumuru and Subbaiah studies it is not possible to calculate and compare energy or power density [1–3]. In the author’s opinion, it is important that researchers and clinicians using lasers be educated in laser science. Without doubt, the principal knowledge of laser physics is unquestionably important to utilize lasers in good and safe manner.
A 15O‐H2O PET study of meditation and the resting state of normal consciousness

The aim of the present study was to examine whether the neural structures subserving meditation can be reproducibly measured, and, if so, whether they are different from those supporting the resting state of normal consciousness. Cerebral blood flow distribution was investigated with the 15O‐H2O PET technique in nine young adults, who were highly experienced yoga teachers, during the relaxation meditation (Yoga Nidra), and during the resting state of normal consciousness. In addition, global CBF was measured in two of the subjects. Spectral EEG analysis was performed throughout the investigations. In meditation, differential activity was seen, with the noticeable exception of V1, in the posterior sensory and associative cortices known to participate in imagery tasks. In the resting state of normal consciousness (compared with meditation as a baseline), differential activity was found in dorso‐lateral and orbital frontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyri, left temporal gyri, left inferior parietal lobule, striatal and thalamic regions, pons and cerebellar vermis and hemispheres, structures thought to support an executive attentional network. The mean global flow remained unchanged for both subjects throughout the investigation (39 ± 5 and 38 ± 4 ml/100 g/min, uncorrected for partial volume effects). It is concluded that the H215O PET method may measure CBF distribution in the meditative state as well as during the resting state of normal consciousness, and that characteristic patterns of neural activity support each state. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural basis of different aspects of consciousness. Hum. Brain Mapping 7:98–105, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new method to assess the quality of collaborative process in CSCL

In CSCL research, the collaborative process - the way people collaborate while working on tasks and learning -- is of central importance. Instructional measures are being developed to improve the quality of the collaboration which itself determines to a great extent the results of working and learning in groups. However, assessing collaborative process is not easy. We have developed a new assessment method by quantitatively rating nine qualitatively defined characteristic dimensions of collaboration. In this paper, we first describe how these dimensions were extracted from video-recordings of dyads collaborating to solve interdisciplinary tasks. Then we explain how the resulting rating system was applied to and tested on another sample. Based on positive findings from this application, we argue that the new method can be recommended for different areas of CSCL research.
Optimal Placement and Control of Unified Power Flow Control devices using Evolutionary Computing and Sequential Quadratic Programming

A crucial factor effecting modern power systems today is power flow control. An effective means for controlling and improving power flow is by installing fast reacting devices such as a unified power flow controller (UPFC). For maximum positive impact of this device on the power grid, it should be installed at an optimal location and employ an optimal realtime control algorithm. This paper proposes the combination of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to find the optimal location and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) to optimize the UPFC control settings. Simulations are conducted using the classic IEEE 118 bus test system. For comparison purposes, results for the combination of a greedy placement heuristic (H) and the SQP control algorithm are provided as well. The EA+SQP combination is shown to outperform the H+SQP approach
Broadband proximity fed Gap-coupled C-shaped Microstrip Antennas

The C-shaped microstrip antenna is a compact variation of rectangular microstrip antenna and it has smaller bandwidth as compared to the rectangular patch. In this paper, bandwidth of C-shaped microstrip antenna is first increased by using proximity feeding technique. Further gap-coupled configuration of two C-shaped microstrip antennas on thicker substrate is proposed. It gives bandwidth of more than 300 MHz with broadside radiation pattern and gain of more than 5 dBi over most of the bandwidth. Further gap-coupled rectangular slot cut C-shaped microstrip antenna is proposed. This configuration yields bandwidth of more than 400 MHz.