Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spoken Document Retrieval Based on Confusion Network with Syllable Fragments

This paper addresses the problem of spoken document retrieval under noisy conditions by incorporating sound selection of a basic unit and an output form of a speech recognition system. Syllable fragment is combined with a confusion network in a spoken document retrieval task. After selecting an appropriate syllable fragment, a lattice is converted into a confusion network that is able to minimize the word error rate instead of maximizing the whole sentence recognition rate. A vector space model is adopted in the retrieval task where tf-idf weights are derived from the posterior probability. The confusion network with syllable fragments is able to improve the mean of average precision (MAP) score by 0.342 and 0.066 over one-best scheme and the lattice.
Acetonitrile as tops solvent for liquid chromatography and extraction

This article deals with acetonitrile physico-chemical properties and its mixtures with water. It covers the information about isotherms of such parameters of the acetonitrile-water binary system as density, viscosity, permeation coefficient, refraction index, optic density, a boiling point isobar. Authors suggest a generalized criterion of acetonitrile polarity. The article also discusses means of polarity assessment and eluotropic strength of mobile phases on the basis of acetonitrile mixtures with water with application of generalized criteria. Special attention is paid to the options of acetonitrile application in various extraction methods of chromatographic sample preparation. The article also reveals advantages and problems of acetonitrile application as a mobile phase modifying agent in the HPLC reversed-phase and as a hydrophilic extra-agent in liquid-liquid extraction.
Passing Markers: A Theory of Contextual Influence in Language Comprehension

Most Artificial Intelligence theories of language either assume a syntactic component which serves as “front end” for the rest of the system, or else reject all attempts at distinguishing modules within the comprehension system. In this paper we will present an alternative which, while keeping modularity, will account for several puzzles for typical “syntax first” theories. The major addition to this theory is a “marker passing” (or “spreading activation”) component, which operates in parallel to the normal syntactic component.
Automatedly Checking Function Execution Context of Kernel Programs in Operation Systems

Function execution context correctness is one of the most easily violated critical properties by OS (operation system) kernel programs while it is non-trivial to be checked out. The existing solutions suffer some difficulty and limitation. This paper presents a framework PRPF to check the correctness of function execution context, as well as the modeling process and algorithms in detail. The PRPF has the advantages, such as direct checking source code, no need writing formal specifications, low time and space costs, and perfect scalability, etc., over the existing techniques. The technique has been applied in checking the Linux kernel source 2.4. 20. The experimental results show that PRPF can check the correctness of function execution context as expected by automatically exploring all paths in the sources. As a result, 23 errors and 5 false positives are found in the ‘drivers/net’ source directory. The technique is very helpful in improving the quality of OS kernel codes.
Indicadores de uso y participación en las revistas científicas 2.0: el caso de PLoS One

The new publishing and scientific communication environments have led to the emergence of new Web indicators. Along with usage metrics such as downloads there are many measures that are generated from Science 2.0. Journals published by the Public Library of Science systematically collect many of these new metrics. The objective of this paper is to present some of these new indicators and analyze them quantitatively through the case study of 8945 papers published in the journal PLoS One. The selected indicators were; comments, ratings, number of bookmarks, links from scientific weblogs, downloads views and citations. Basic descriptive statistics indicators and correlations have been calculated for all of them. The results show the low participation of scientists in Web 2.0 and how most of these indicators, except for downloads and visits, are poorly consolidated metrics.
Non-intrusive model reduction for a 3D unstructured mesh control volume finite element reservoir model and its application to fluvial channels

A non-intrusive model reduction computational method using hypersurfaces representation has been developed for reservoir simulation and further applied to 3D fluvial channel problems in this work. This is achieved by a combination of a radial basis function (RBF) interpolation and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The advantage of the method is that it is generic and non-intrusive, that is, it does not require modifications to the original complex source code, for example, a 3D unstructured mesh control volume finite element (CVFEM) reservoir model used here. The capability of this non-intrusive reduced order model (NIROM) based on hypersurfaces representation has been numerically illustrated in a horizontally layered porous media case, and then further applied to a 3D complex fluvial channel case. By comparing the results of the NIROM against the solutions obtained from the high fidelity full model, it is shown that this NIROM results in a large reduction in the CPU computation cost while much of the details are captured. [Received: May 19, 2017; Accepted: December 1, 2017]
Mobile learning: the economics perspective

This paper aims to examine the readiness of m-learning and innovation in Malaysia. Students using the online environment in various courses at six universities in Malaysia were surveyed. Results showed that students' behaviour, technology or system, and interactive application were the factors influencing the readiness of the m-learning adoption. Execution of mobile education is possible, subject to several restrictions, i.e., the richness of download speed, the efficiency of the application load, the flexibility of application be viewable on a variety of device, the reliability of the content be displayed, and interactivity among users via the devices. Most learners prefer online learning, but online learning does not outperform traditional face-to-face classroom learners. However, most learners are willing to try out m-learning. An exploration on m-learning concept and design, tools, challenges, and the impact analysis on m-learning application should be made public to draw more deployment.
Extraction of Eye Tracking Movements Using Path Stitching Algorithm

Researchers are able to estimate what subjects attend to by using eye tracking systems. Existing approaches for analyzing eye movements are very useful to estimate attention to still objects. But they are inadequate to estimate attention to moving objects, although paying attention to moving objects is usual human behavior. Thus, we propose a novel approach and algorithm to estimate attention to moving objects more precisely. Our approach is to extract "eye tracking movements". We phrase both saccadic eye movements and smooth pursuit eye movements as "eye tracking movements". Because previous works reveal that humans often track a moving object by the eye movements when they pay attention to the object, our approach seems to be appropriate. Our algorithm used for extracting eye tracking movements is called Path Stitching (PS) algorithm. The PS algorithm is a kind of Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) discovery algorithms using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) as a similarity measurement procedure. Eye tracking movements can be regarded as a situation that a subsequence of eye movements' trajectory is similar to a subsequence of the target's trajectory with a small or no time-difference. Because humans track a moving object by the eye movements with locally fluctuated time difference, we think the use of DTW is very appropriate. In addition, to make outputs more comprehensible, we employ the LCS discovery approach for the PS algorithm. The experimental results show that the PS algorithm is more able to extract eye tracking movements than the fixation extracting approach. The fixation extracting approach is the most popular and the strongest approach to analyze eye movements. Therefore, we conclude that our novel approach will advance the analysis of human behavior by the eye movements and human-computer interaction systems they utilize user's eye movements.
Significant decline of mesospheric water vapor at the NDACC site
Bern in the period 2007 to 2018

Abstract. The middle atmospheric water vapor radiometer MIAWARA is located close to Bern in Zimmerwald (46.88° N, 7.46° E, 907 m) and is part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Initially built in the year 2002, a major upgrade of the instruments spectrometer allowed to continuously measure middle atmospheric water vapor since April 2007. Thenceforward to Mai 2018, a time series of more than 11 years has been gathered, that makes a first trend estimate possible. For the trend estimation, a robust multi-linear parametric trend model has been used. The trend model encompasses a linear term, a solar activity tracker, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) as well as the annual and semi-annual oscillation. In the time period April 2007 to Mai 2018 we find a significant decline in water vapor by −0.6 &pm; 0.2 ppm decade−1 between 61 and 72 km. Below the stratopause level (~ 48 km) a smaller reduction of H2O of up to −0.3 &pm; 0.1 ppm decade−1 is detected.
Real time polarization sensor image processing on an embedded FPGA/multi-core DSP system

Most embedded image processing SoCs available on the market are highly optimized for typical consumer applications like video encoding/decoding, motion estimation or several image enhancement processes as used in DSLR or digital video cameras. For non-consumer applications, on the other hand, optimized embedded hardware is rarely available, so often PC based image processing systems are used. We show how a real time capable image processing system for a non-consumer application - namely polarization image data processing - can be efficiently implemented on an FPGA and multi-core DSP based embedded hardware platform.
The Matching and Evolutionary Path Model of IT and Business Alignment Based on Dynamic Capabilities

The good match of IT and business is an important prerequisite to ensure business strategy and the value of enterprise information investments. With the intensive application of IT and the rapidly changing of environment, the match of IT and business should be more concerned about its dynamic characteristics and evolution law. Based on the research analysis of IT and business matching, the strategic alignment model (SAM model) and the business-IT strategic alignment maturity model (LAM model), the paper introduces the dynamic capabilities to build an IT and business matching and evolutionary path model under the action of dynamic capabilities. In the model, nine paths and four steps are proposed to describe the matching and evolution of IT and business. The roles of dynamic capabilities are explained in describing the matching and evolution paths, such as perception, capital-and technology path dependence, learning, dynamic feedback, resource restructuring and reconfiguration, team, coordination and innovation etc. It has a strong reference to the deep research of IT and business alignment, matching and evolutionary path and the enterprise information technology applications.
On Developing a Multifidelity Modeling Algorithm for System-Level Engineering Analysis

Multifidelity modeling, in which one component of a system is modeled at a significantly different level of fidelity than another, has several potential advantages. For example, a higher-fidelity component model can be evaluated in the context of a lower-fidelity full system model that provides more realistic boundary conditions and yet can be executed quickly enough for rapid design changes or design optimization. Developing such multifidelity models presents challenges in several areas, including coupling models with differing spatial dimensionalities. In this report we describe a multifidelity algorithm for thermal radiation problems in which a three-dimensional, finite-element model of a system component is embedded in a system of zero-dimensional (lumped-parameter) components. We tested the algorithm on a prototype system with three problems: heating to a constant temperature, cooling to a constant temperature, and a simulated fire environment. The prototype system consisted of an aeroshell enclosing three components, one of which was represented by a three-dimensional finite-element model. We tested two versions of the algorithm; one used the surface-average temperature of the three dimensional component to couple it to the system model, and the other used the volume-average temperature. Using the surface-average temperature provided somewhat better temperature predictions than using the volume-average temperature.more » Our results illustrate the difficulty in specifying consistency for multifidelity models. In particular, we show that two models may be consistent for one application but not for another. While the temperatures predicted by the multifidelity model were not as accurate as those predicted by a full three-dimensional model, our results show that a multifidelity system model can potentially execute much faster than a full three-dimensional finite-element model for thermal radiation problems with sufficient accuracy for some applications, while still predicting internal temperatures for the higher fidelity component. These results indicate that optimization studies with mixed-fidelity models are feasible when they may not be feasible with three-dimensional system models, if the concomitant loss in accuracy is within acceptable bounds. « less
Asynchronous transfer of video

Video transfers across IP and ATM networks have received much research attention during the last ten years. Various video services are expected in the future, enabled by the rapid development in video coding and broadband network technology. This article gives an introduction to the issues involved in asynchronous video transfers. Brief overviews of video coding, rate control, and multiplexing, as well as delay, error, and loss control are also given.
Direct Orthographical Mapping for Machine Transliteration

Machine transliteration/back-transliteration plays an important role in many multilingual speech and language applications. In this paper, a novel framework for machine transliteration/back-transliteration that allows us to carry out direct orthographical mapping (DOM) between two different languages is presented. Under this framework, a joint source-channel transliteration model, also called n-gram transliteration model (n-gram TM), is further proposed to model the transliteration process. We evaluate the proposed methods through several transliteration/back-transliteration experiments for English/Chinese and English/Japanese language pairs. Our study reveals that the proposed method not only reduces an extensive system development effort but also improves the transliteration accuracy significantly.
Implementing RNA-FINNT in Ideal Password Authentication Scheme results in Fortification of Transport Layer Security Protocol

Mutual Authentication in the multi server environment of an organization, done at the transport layer, becomes complex when communication is done over the public link. Secure Shell protocol is the de facto standard and is deployed over the public network, for determining identity of client and server through Password-based key exchange schemes like AuthA and DH-EKE etc. This password based key exchange schemes and their multiple modes of operation are secure under the computational Diffie-Hellman intractability assumption but could not withstand security requirements and are vulnerable to attacks. So the paper focuses on additional tier of security for transport layer security protocol by using Fingerprint for mutual authentication in the multi server environment of an organization along with the Password. With the help of two identity parameters password and fingerprint, an ideal password authentication scheme would be generated. In this paper RNA-FINNT a new fingerprint hash algorithm would be implemented in the ideal password authentication scheme for generating a proof of fortification of transport layer security protocol. This could withstand security requirements and is not vulnerable to attacks. Paper generates a proof that if mutual authentication in the multi server environment of an organization is done with ideal password authentication scheme than intruders could not practice Phishing, IP or Server Spoofing etc and it would result in fortification of transport layer security protocol.
On application of image analysis and natural language processing for music search

In this paper, I investigate a problem of finding most similar music tracks using, popular in Natural Language Processing, techniques like: TF-IDF and LDA. I de ned document as music track. Each music track is transformed to spectrogram, thanks that, I can use well known techniques to get words from images. I used SURF operation to detect characteristic points and novel approach for their description. The standard kmeans was used for clusterization. Clusterization is here identical with dictionary making, so after that I can transform spectrograms to text documents and perform TF-IDF and LDA. At the final, I can make a query in an obtained vector space. The research was done on 16 music tracks for training and 336 for testing, that are splitted in four categories: Hiphop, Jazz, Metal and Pop. Although used technique is completely unsupervised, results are satisfactory and encouraging to further research.
Ibuprofen encapsulation by eudragit RS100 as microspheres: preparation and drug release

The success in the preparation of Eudragit RS100 microspheres in 0.IN HCI solution using gelatin as antiaggregating agent, encouraged the selection of an acidic drug to be encapsulated using a solvent evaporation technique [1]. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic drug approved for use as adjunct therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis [2]. Chemically, it is a propionic acid derivative [3]. It is slightly soluble in water and has a poor wettability. However, it is completely bioavailable and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. It gives maximum plasma concentration within 2 hours [4]. The major side effect of Ibuprofen therapy involves gastrointestinal toxicity. Kawashima et al. [5] prepared controlled release Ibuprofen microspheres using acrylic polymers. An ethanolic solution of Ibuprofen and an acrylic resin was poured into an aqueous medium with stirring. The finely dispersed ethanolic droplet-like coacervates formed in the aqueous phase were gradually solidified and transformed into microspheres during agitation. Kawashima stated that the concentration of drug and polymer and the agitation speed of the system controlled the size of the microspheres. Also, Ibuprofen prolonged-release spherical micrometrics were prepared by using Eudragit RSI00 and a novel emulsion-solvent diffusion method [6]. Examining cross sections of the formed spherical matrix before and after dissolution studying using a scanning electron microscope and a porosimeter indicated that the resultant micro matrix had a sponge-like internal structure. The spherical matrix was successfully recovered with a relatively high concentration of drug in ethanol (0.4-0.6gm/ml) and over a wide temperature range (5-35°C). The size of the spherical matrix could be easily controlled by varying the agitation speed of the system and by adjusting the concentration of the emulsifier added to the aqueous medium. Also in relation to the solvent diffusion procedure it was reported that Eudragit RS100 and RL100 microspheres containing Ibuprofen were prepared and evaluated. The microspheres were prepared by modified quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The author reported when there was an initial difference of temperature between the aqueous phase and dispersed emulsion phases, the yield of preparation was increased distinctly. The drug loading capacities were very high for all formulations of the microspheres obtained. Mean particle size changed by changing the drug-polymer ratio, volumes of solvent or polyvinyl alcohol concentration. The flow properties were much improved over those of the original crystals [7].
Finding the Tree in the Forest

Decision trees are often used for decision support since they are fast to train, easy to understand and deterministic; i.e., always create identical trees from the same training data. This property is, however, only inherent in the actual decision tree algorithm, nondeterministic techniques such as genetic programming could very well produce different trees with similar accuracy and complexity for each execution. Clearly, if more than one solution exists, it would be misleading to present a single tree to a decision maker. On the other hand, too many alternatives could not be handled manually, and would only lead to confusion. Hence, we argue for a method aimed at generating a suitable number of alternative decision trees with comparable accuracy and complexity. When too many alternative trees exist, they are grouped and representative accurate solutions are selected from each group. Using domain knowledge, a decision maker could then select a single best tree and, if required, be presented with a small set of similar solutions, in order to further improve his decisions. In this paper, a method for generating alternative decision trees is suggested and evaluated. All in all,four different techniques for selecting accurate representative trees from groups of similar solutions are presented. Experiments on 19 UCI data sets show that it often exist dozens of alternative trees, and that one of the evaluated techniques clearly outperforms all others for selecting accurate and representative models.
A Verbal Approach to Characterizing the Look of Maps

It is proposed that a systematic, reasonably objective attempt be made in cartographic design to specify design goals for individual maps and collections of maps by means of several levels of verbal descriptors. By making verbally explicit his aesthetic and functional goals, in terms of polar-opposite word pairs (similar to the technique of the "semantic differential"), the cartographer is better able to assess his success or failure in map design. In addition, outside evaluators of his work (e.g., map users, map reviewers) will also be able to critique cartographic design more specifically and effectively than. has been possible in the past.