Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying the origin and geochemical evolution of groundwater using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes in the Subei Lake basin, Ordos energy base, Northwestern China

A series of changes in groundwater systems caused by groundwater exploitation in energy base have been of great concern to hydrogeologists. The research aims to identify the origin and geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Subei Lake basin under the influence of human activities. Water samples were collected, and major ions and stable isotopes (δ 18 O, δD) were analyzed. In terms of hydrogeological conditions and the analytical results of hydrochemical data, groundwater can be classified into three types: the Quaternary groundwater, the shallow Cretaceous groundwater and the deep Cretaceous groundwater. Piper diagram and correlation analysis were used to reveal the hydrochemical characteristics of water resources. The dominant water type of the lake water was Cl-Na type, which was in accordance with hydrochemical characteristics of inland salt lakes; the predominant hydrochemical types for groundwater were HCO 3 –Ca, HCO 3 –Na and mixed HCO 3 –Ca–Na–Mg types. The groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by dissolution/precipitation of anhydrite, gypsum, halite and calcite. The dedolomitization and cation exchange are also important factors. Rock weathering is confirmed to play a leading role in the mechanisms responsible for the chemical composition of groundwater. The stable isotopic values of oxygen and hydrogen in groundwater are close to the local meteoric water line, indicating that groundwater is of modern local meteoric origin. Unlike significant differences in isotopic values between shallow groundwater and deep groundwater in the Habor Lake basin, shallow Cretaceous groundwater and deep Cretaceous groundwater have similar isotopic characteristics in the Subei Lake basin. Due to the evaporation effect and dry climatic conditions, heavy isotopes are more enriched in lake water than in groundwater. The low slope of the regression line of δ 18 O and δD in lake water could be ascribed to a combination of mixing and evaporation under conditions of low humidity. Comparison of the regression line for δ 18 O and δD showed that lake water in the Subei Lake basin contains more heavily isotopic composition than that in the Habor Lake basin, indicating that lake water in the discharge area has undergone stronger evaporation than lake water in the recharge area. Hydrochemical and isotopic information of utmost importance has been provided to decision makers by the present study so that a sustainable groundwater management strategy can be designed for the Ordos energy base.
Split-Cylinder Resonant Electron Polarimeter

Passive (non-destructive) high analysing power polarimetry will be required for feedback stabilization of frozen-spin storage rings. This is especially true for electrons. This paper proposes such an electron polarimeter. A basic resonator cell (similar to those commonly used for NMR detection) is a several centimeter long copper split-cylinder, with gap serving as the capacitance C of, for example, a 1.75 GHz LC oscillator, with inductance L provided by the conducting cylinder acting as a single turn solenoid. Eight such cells, regularly arrayed along the beam, form a meterlong polarimeter. The magnetization of a longitudinally-polarized electron bunch passing through the resonators coherently excites their fundamental oscillation mode and the coherently-summed response from all resonators measures the polarization. “Background” due to direct charge excitation is suppressed by arranging successive beam bunches to have alternating polarizations. This moves the beam polarization frequency away from the direct beam charge frequency. Along with charge-insensitive resonator design, modulation-induced sideband excitation, and synchronous detection, the magnetization “foreground” is isolated from the background. Such extreme background rejection measures are made necessary by the large value of electron charge relative to electron magnetic dipole moment. The same measures that suppress background can be exploited to suppress spurious signals due to apparatus misalignment. A test of the polarimeter is proposed using a polarized, 0.5 MeV kinetic energy, 0.5 GHz bunch frequency linac electron beam at the Jefferson Laboratory.
Salt marsh erosion rates and boundary features in a shallow Bay

Herein, we investigate the relationship between wind waves, salt marsh erosion rates, and the planar shape of marsh boundaries by using aerial images and the numerical model Coupled‐Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment‐Transport Modeling System (COAWST). Using Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, as a test site, we found that salt marsh erosion rates maintain a similar trend in time. We also found a significant relationship between salt marsh erosion rates and the shape of marsh boundaries which could be used as a geomorphic indicator of the degradation level of the marsh. Slowly eroding salt marshes are irregularly shaped with fractal dimension higher than rapidly deteriorating marshes. Moreover, for low‐wave energy conditions, there is a high probability of isolated and significantly larger than average failures of marsh portions causing a long‐tailed distribution of localized erosion rates. Finally, we confirm the existence of a significant relationship between salt marsh erosion rate and wind waves exposure. Results suggest that variations in time in the morphology of salt marsh boundaries could be used to infer changes in frequency and magnitude of external agents.
STRATEGIES OF SELECTING THE BASIS VECTOR SET IN THE RELATIVE MDS

Abstract In this paper, a method of large multidimensional data visualization that associates the multidimensional scaling (MDS) with clustering is modified and investigated. In the original algorithm, the visualization process is divided into three steps: the basis vector set is constructed using the k‐means clustering method; this set is projected onto the plane using the MDS algorithm; the remaining data set is visualized using the relative MDS algorithm. We propose a modification which differs from the original algorithm in the strategy of selecting the basis vectors. In our modification, the set of basis vectors consists of vectors that are selected from k clusters in a new way. The experimental investigation showed that the modification exceeds the original algorithm in visualization quality and computational expenses.
Politics? : Ministerial Selection in Swedish Postwar Cabinets Does European Integration Lead to aPresidentialization' of Executive

In this article, we address recent claims that executive– legislative relations in parliamentary democracies are undergoing important changes owing to either a ‘presidentialization’ or a ‘Europeanization’ of domestic political systems. Therefore, we test empirically whether parliamentary democracies are indeed experiencing changes in executive–legislative relations and whether these developments can, in part, be explained by an increase in European integration. Using data on ministerial selection in Swedish cabinets during the years 1952–2006, we find that there appears to be a slight tendency towards ‘presidentialization’, 2 2 6 European Union Politics DOI: 10.1177/1465116509103369 Volume 10 (2): 226–252 © The Author(s), 2009. Reprints and Permissions: http://www.sagepub. co.uk/ JournalsPermissions/nav
Examining the Athletic Career Experiences of Canadian Major Junior Hockey Players

This project explored the unique athletic career experiences of Canadian major junior hockey players. Six recently retired players’ experiences were collected using semi-structured, qualitative interviews that were analyzed in accordance with the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. Themes identified in each participant’s account of their CHL experiences were compared and contrasted across all participants to generate an in-depth portrayal that gave voice to participants’ career experiences. The findings have the potential to enhance career and mental health practitioners understandings of the specific sport context, whereby highlighting important considerations when working with athletes undergoing personal and/or career transition.
The Asymmetric Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks on Stock Returns in Turkey: A Nonlinear ARDL Approach

Several studies in the finance literature have investigated the impact of macroeconomic variables on stock returns by assuming symmetric adjustments between variables. Our study abandons this assumption by analyzing the potential asymmetric behavior of stock market to macroeconomic variables. Rare studies on Turkey’s financial market account for asymmetry in the relationship between series. Most of the previous studies neglect asymmetry and use traditional linear time series approaches, which may lead the relevant output estimation to be biased. We fill in this empirical gap by exploring the effects of shocks in exchange rate, money supply and interest rate on stock returns through a multivariate nonlinear ARDL model. Using monthly data from January 2003 to May 2017, our empirical results provide evidence in favor of asymmetric cointegration relationships between stock returns-real effective exchange rate nexus, stock returns-interest rate nexus and stock returns-money supply nexus in Turkey. It is empirically shown that stock prices react asymmetrically to the real effective exchange rate changes in the short-run and long-run, while the effects of the changes in interest rate on stock returns are asymmetrical only in the short-run. We find that money supply changes are symmetrically related to stock returns in Turkey. These findings imply that policy makers should take into account asymmetry between selected macroeconomic variables and stock returns when developing policy to prevent financial risks.
Running head : Pathogen prevalence and moral vitalism 1 2 Explaining illness with evil : Pathogen prevalence fosters moral vitalism 3

Pathogens represent a significant threat to human health leading to the emergence of 12 strategies designed to help manage their negative impact. We examined how spiritual beliefs 13 developed to explain and predict the devastating effects of pathogens and spread of infectious 14 disease. Analysis of existing data in Studies 1 and 2 suggests that moral vitalism (beliefs about 15 spiritual forces of evil) is higher in geographical regions characterized by historical higher levels 16 of pathogens. Furthermore, drawing on a sample of 3,140 participants from 28 countries in Study 17 3, we found that historical higher levels of pathogens were associated with stronger endorsement 18 of moral vitalistic beliefs. Furthermore, endorsement of moral vitalistic beliefs statistically 19 mediated the previously reported relationship between pathogen prevalence and conservative 20 ideologies, suggesting these beliefs reinforce behavioral strategies which function to prevent 21 infection. We conclude that moral vitalism may be adaptive: by emphasizing concerns over 22 contagion, it provided an explanatory model that enabled human groups to reduce rates of 23 contagious disease. 24 25
All-Digital Background Calibration Technique for Offset, Gain and Timing Mismatches in Time-Interleaved ADCs

This paper presents a method for all-digital background calibration of multiple channel mismatches including offset, gain and timing mismatches in time-interleaved analog to digital converters (TIADCs). The averaging technique is used to remove the offset mismatch at each channel. The gain mismatch is calibrated by calculating the power ratio of the subADC over the reference ADC. Timing skew is compensated by using Hadamard transform for error correction and least mean squares (LMS) algorithm for estimation of the clock skew. The performance improvement of TIADCs employing these techniques is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Realistic collisional water transport during terrestrial planet formation

Context. According to the latest theoretical and isotopic evidence, Earth’s water content originates mainly from today’s asteroid belt region, or at least from the same precursor material. This suggests that water was transported inwards to Earth, and to similar planets in their habitable zone, via (giant) collisions of planetary embryos and planetesimals during the chaotic final phase of planet formation. Aims. In current dynamical simulations water delivery to terrestrial planets is still studied almost exclusively by assuming oversimplified perfect merging, even though water and other volatiles are particularly prone to collisional transfer and loss. To close this gap we have developed a computational framework to model collisional water transport by direct combination of long-term N-body computations with dedicated 3D smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) collision simulations of differentiated, self-gravitating bodies for each event. Methods. Post-collision water inventories are traced self-consistently in the further dynamical evolution, in accretionary or erosive as well as hit-and-run encounters with two large surviving bodies, where besides collisional losses, water transfer between the encountering bodies has to be considered. This hybrid approach enables us for the first time to trace the full dynamical and collisional evolution of a system of approximately 200 bodies throughout the whole late-stage accretion phase (several hundred Myr). As a first application we choose a Solar System-like architecture with already formed giant planets on either circular or eccentric orbits and a debris disk spanning the whole terrestrial planet region (0.5–4 au). Results. Including realistic collision treatment leads to considerably different results than simple perfect merging, with lower mass planets and water inventories reduced regularly by a factor of two or more. Due to a combination of collisional losses and a considerably lengthened accretion phase, final water content, especially with giant planets on circular orbits, is strongly reduced to more Earth-like values, and closer to results with eccentric giant planets. Water delivery to potentially habitable planets is dominated by very few decisive collisions, mostly with embryo-sized or larger objects and only rarely with smaller bodies, at least if embryos have formed throughout the whole disk initially. The high frequency of hit-and-run collisions and the differences to predominantly accretionary encounters, such as generally low water (and mass) transfer efficiencies, are a crucial part of water delivery, and of system-wide evolution in general.
Integrated Energy Conservation Policies from the Ground Up: Lessons from the Eco-living Program of Singapore’s South West District

This study documents a district-level energy intervention and conservation program designed and implemented with the help of community stakeholders, which include students and staff of an educational institution, the National University of Singapore, a local non-governmental environmental group in Singapore and the district government. The program – known formally as the ECO-Living Program – was funded by the district government. The Program was implemented in the Hong Kah North Residential Council in the south western part of Singapore. The research objectives are three-fold: 1) compare the effectiveness of different interventions based on self-reported behavior scores as well as actual electricity reduction; 2) investigate how behavior and electricity consumption are influenced by values, situational and psychological factors; 3) examine the methods of intervention used according to residents’ feedback and make recommendations for improvement. The key lesson is that providing information about energy conservation in the right form is useful in interventions. For the residents in our study, straightforward and easily implemented measures, emphasis on the amount of money they can save with energy conservation and evoking environmental concern in them are pivotal to effective intervention. Most importantly, this Program exemplifies the important role that community, bottom-up initiatives can play in promoting sustainable consumption with the resource support of the government. It provides a model that other districts, or even countries, can adopt in engaging different stakeholders in promoting energy conservation at the community level.
On a fully nonlinear sharp Sobolev trace inequality

We classify local minimizers of $\int\sigma_2+\oint H_2$ among all conformally flat metrics in the Euclidean $(n+1)$-ball, $4\leq n\leq 5$, for which the boundary has unit volume, subject to an ellipticity assumption. We also classify local minimizers of the analogous functional in the critical dimension $n+1=4$. If minimizers exist, this implies a fully nonlinear sharp Sobolev trace inequality. Our proof is an adaptation of the Frank--Lieb proof of the sharp Sobolev inequality, and in particular does not rely on symmetrization or Obata-type arguments.
Identification relies on the change in the availability of cheap drugs introduced by Walmart’s program, exploiting differences in the distance to the nearest Walmart across ZIP codes in a difference-in-differences

This paper analyzes how market forces in the pharmaceutical retail market affect health care utilization. Specifically, I study the impact of Walmart’s $4 Prescription Drug Program on utilization of antihypertensive drugs and hospitalizations for conditions amenable to drug therapy. Identification relies on the change in the availability of cheap drugs introduced by Walmart’s program, exploiting differences in the distance to the nearest Walmart across ZIP codes in a difference-in-differences framework. I find that living close to a source of cheap drugs increases adherence to antihypertensive medications by 16 percent and decreases the probability of an avoidable hospitalization by 6.5 percent.
Towards a National Framework for progression and continuity in the teaching and learning of modern languages

The motivation to write this article came from two quite different sources. One was the recent article by Tony Giovanazzi in the Scottish Languages Review (SLR #11). In it he looked back over his illustrious career at many developments that I had also experienced from the perspective of teacher, teacher educator and development officer. The other was an invitation to be a member of the Language Group formed to take forward the review of the curriculum 3-18 as part of the national initiative A Curriculum for Excellence (ACE). It is my hope that the ACE initiative offers us the opportunity (possibly a final one? ) to achieve a ‘National Framework for Progression and Continuity in the Teaching and Learning of Modern Languages’. However, in order to be ready to meet the challenges of ACE, it is important to be clear as to the point we have reached in the teaching of modern languages and how we arrived at this point. Consequently, the focus of this article is on how teaching methodology has developed during the last 15 years and what we can learn from recent developments, in particular the revisions to modern languages 5-14 and Standard Grade and the introduction of Higher Still. However, firstly let us remind ourselves of the most recent review of Modern Languages in Scotland and the context we find ourse
THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG INTERPRETIVE SERVICE QUALITY , SATISFACTION , PLACE ATTACHMENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR AT THE CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN XI ’ AN , CHINA

The present study investigated the causal relationships among interpretive service quality, satisfaction, place attachment and environmentally responsible behavior. 1800 tourists visiting five historic heritage sites in Xi’an, China were surveyed and 1408 valid questionnaires were collected. The validity and reliability of the data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 and the structural equation model (SEM) was tested using AMOS 24. The findings of the study showed that interpretive service quality has direct and positive effect on satisfaction and satisfaction directly impacts place attachment and environmentally responsible behavior respectively. In addition, interpretive service quality exerts indirect influence on place attachment and environmentally responsible behavior respectively through satisfaction, indicating the mediating role of satisfaction in the relationship between interpretive service quality and place attachment as well as that in the relationship between interpretive service quality and environmentally responsible behavior. Moreover, the study demonstrated that place attachment influences environmentally responsible behavior directly. In the end, management implications about the improvements in interpretive services at cultural heritage sites are suggested in order to sustain sustainable development of heritage tourism.
Brill-Noether and existence of semistable sheaves on del Pezzo surfaces.

Let $X$ be a del Pezzo surface. When the degree of $X$ is at least 4, we compute the cohomology of a general sheaf in the moduli space of Gieseker semistable sheaves. We also classify the Chern characters for which the general sheaf in the moduli space is non-special, i.e. has at most one nonzero cohomology group. Our results hold for arbitrary polarizations, slope semistability, and semi-exceptional moduli spaces. When the degree of $X$ is at least 3, we further show our construction of certain vector bundles implies the existence of stable and semistable sheaves with respect to the anti-canonical polarization.