Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction of Type I Interferon Secretion through Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Measles Virus Hemagglutinin Stimulates Antibody Secretion in the Presence of Maternal Antibodies

ABSTRACT Measles virus (MV) vaccine effectively protects seronegative individuals against infection. However, inhibition of vaccine-induced seroconversion by maternal antibodies after vaccination remains a problem, as it leaves infants susceptible to MV infection. In cotton rats, passive transfer of MV-specific IgG mimics maternal antibodies and inhibits vaccine-induced seroconversion. Here, we report that immunization in the presence of passively transferred IgG inhibits the secretion of neutralizing antibodies but not the generation of MV-specific B cells. This finding suggested that MV-specific B cells require an additional stimulus to mature into antibody-secreting plasma cells. In order to provide such a stimulus, we generated a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the MV hemagglutinin (NDV-H). In contrast to MV, NDV-H induced high levels of type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and in lung tissue. In cotton rats immunized with NDV-H, neutralizing antibodies were also generated in the presence of passively transferred antibodies. In the latter case, however, the level and kinetics of antibody generation were reduced. In vitro, alpha interferon stimulated the activation of MV-specific B cells from MV-immune spleen cells. NDV infection (which induces alpha interferon) had the same effect, and stimulation could be abrogated by antibodies neutralizing alpha interferon, but not interleukin 6 (IL-6). In vivo, coapplication of UV-inactivated MV with NDV led to increased MV-specific antibody production in the presence and absence of passively transferred antibodies. These data indicate that MV-specific B cells are being generated after immunization in the presence of maternal antibodies and that the provision of alpha interferon as an additional signal leads to antibody secretion.
Demographic Factors Reshaping Ties to Family and Place

This article explores the broad topic of how the selective character of human migration and changing family circumstances may shape the intensity of local need among the future elderly. At origin, it is the healthier, better educated, and more affluent elderly who venture to migrate; and although people migrate from a broad spectrum of origins, they flow selectively to a narrow spectrum of destinations. At the same time, contemporary changes in family makeup and internal division of labor alter their capacity to care for elderly members. These demographic realities define a policy issue ripe for study. 1990 census data can reveal how the pressures of population aging will diffuse spatially, in terms of timing and intensity, and, given the complex interaction of migration selectivity and family transformation, who will be distanced from whom, and with what consequences. Scattered evidence from earlier years casts light on certain facets of this issue: (a) the ties between elderly and their children, (b) the differing configurations of migration flows generating elderly concentration in locales, and (c) the changing nature of elderly concentration in recent decades. With 1990 census data, it will be possible to extend certain findings and consider their implications for how future aging and dependency may express themselves locally.
Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Observations of M, L, and T Dwarfs

We present the first mid-infrared spectra of brown dwarfs, together with observations of a low-mass star. Our targets are the M3.5 dwarf GJ 1001A, the L8 dwarf DENIS-P J0255-4700, and the T1/T6 binary system ϵ Indi Ba/Bb. As expected, the mid-infrared spectral morphology of these objects changes rapidly with spectral class because of the changes in atmospheric chemistry resulting from their differing effective temperatures and atmospheric structures. By taking advantage of the unprecedented sensitivity of the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have detected the 7.8 μm methane and 10 μm ammonia bands for the first time in brown dwarf spectra.
Experimental Evidence on the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and Job Performance

Th is article responds to recent calls for experimental research into the relationship between public service motivation (PSM) and job performance. Th e author conducted a fi eld experiment with a sample of nurses at a public hospital in Italy to investigate the interplay between job performance, PSM, and two conditions: exposure to contact with benefi ciaries and self-persuasion interventions. Both treatments had positive eff ects on participants’ persistence, output, productivity, and vigilance. Baseline PSM strengthened these positive eff ects. Moreover, both conditions caused an increase in PSM that partially mediated the positive eff ects of benefi ciary contact and self-persuasion on job performance. Th e implications of the experimental fi ndings for theory and practice are discussed.
Analyse seltener Fehler bei der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion im OperationssaalAnalysis of Rare Errors of Human-Machine-Interaction in the Operating Room

Zusammenfassung Es werden Herausforderungen bei der Analyse seltener Nutzerfehler bei medizinischen Geräten diskutiert, die im Operationssaal eingesetzt werden. Die Analysen mit Manipulationen der Systeme müssen in Demonstratorumgebungen durchgeführt werden, da keine Patienten gefährdet werden dürfen. Hierbei muss einerseits eine möglichst hohe Kontrolle der Bedingungen, aber auch eine möglichst hohe Realität der Aufgabe für die Teilnehmer gewährleistet werden. Dazu wird ein Studienszenario im Demonstrator-Operationssaal vorgestellt, mit welchem geprüft wird, wie sehr sich der Proband über Wechsel des Systemmodus im medizintechnischen System Navigated Control bewusst ist.
Carbohydrates for training and competition

Abstract An athlete's carbohydrate intake can be judged by whether total daily intake and the timing of consumption in relation to exercise maintain adequate carbohydrate substrate for the muscle and central nervous system (“high carbohydrate availability”) or whether carbohydrate fuel sources are limiting for the daily exercise programme (“low carbohydrate availability”). Carbohydrate availability is increased by consuming carbohydrate in the hours or days prior to the session, intake during exercise, and refuelling during recovery between sessions. This is important for the competition setting or for high-intensity training where optimal performance is desired. Carbohydrate intake during exercise should be scaled according to the characteristics of the event. During sustained high-intensity sports lasting ∼1 h, small amounts of carbohydrate, including even mouth-rinsing, enhance performance via central nervous system effects. While 30–60 g · h−1 is an appropriate target for sports of longer duration, events >2.5 h may benefit from higher intakes of up to 90 g · h−1. Products containing special blends of different carbohydrates may maximize absorption of carbohydrate at such high rates. In real life, athletes undertake training sessions with varying carbohydrate availability. Whether implementing additional “train-low” strategies to increase the training adaptation leads to enhanced performance in well-trained individuals is unclear.
Treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM: the effect of treatment duration

We evaluated hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment and the effect of treatment duration (24 versus 48 weeks) on treatment outcome among 50 HIV-infected men who have sex with men with acute HCV infection in Amsterdam. Overall sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 76%. Treatment duration was not significantly associated with SVR (adjusted odds ratio = 2.32; 95% confidence interval 0.39–13.97), suggesting that 24-week treatment may be sufficient for acute HCV infection in HIV-coinfected patients.
Apomorphine and its dopamine‐like action

completely saturated in the aqueous phase. The polyoxyethylene signal from the aqueous phase disappears at about 5 % phenol, indicating that little POEPOP remains in the aqueous phase. The relatively large shifts shown in Fig 2c and d indicate the presence of mirelles in POEPOP-phenol-water systems. This is further supported by the magnitude of the shifts of the phenol ring-proton signals (Fig. 2a and b) which compares with that of the corresponding phenol-cetomacrogol systems, whereas in phenol-macrogol systems, where the aromatic rings are essentially in an aqueous environment, a very small shift is observed. Significant broadening of both polyoxyethylene methylene and the polyoxypropylene methyl peaks upon the addition of phenol to POEPOP in water is also indicative of micelle formation ; the polyoxyethylene peaks (but not polyoxypropylene) also split. These micelles need not necessarily be aggregates of polymer molecules but could consist of one molecule with the polyoxyethylene chains rolled around the polyoxypropylene region. This work was supported by the Pharmaceutical Society of New South Wales S. E. Wright Research Trust.
Interleukin-1-induced Ether-linked Diglycerides Inhibit Calcium-insensitive Protein Kinase C Isotypes

It is hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines and vasoactive peptides stimulate distinct species of diglycerides that differentially regulate protein kinase C isotypes. In published data, we demonstrated that interleukin-1, in contrast to endothelin, selectively generates ether-linked diglyceride species (alkyl, acyl- and alkenyl, acylglycerols) in rat mesangial cells, a smooth muscle-like pericyte in the glomerulus. We now demonstrate both in intact cell and in cell-free preparations that these interleukin-1 receptor-generated ether-linked diglycerides inhibit immunoprecipitated protein kinase C δ and ε but not ζ activity. Neither interleukin-1 nor endothelin affect de novo protein expression of these protein kinase C isotypes. As down-regulation of calcium-insensitive protein kinase C isotypes has been linked to antimitogenic activity, we investigated growth arrest as a functional correlate for IL-1-generated ether-linked diglycerides. Cell-permeable ether-linked diglycerides mimic the effects of interleukin-1 to induce a growth-arrested state in both G-protein-linked receptor- and tyrosine kinase receptor-stimulated mesangial cells. This signaling mechanism implicates cytokine receptor-induced ether-linked diglycerides as second messengers that inhibit the bioactivity of calcium-insensitive protein kinase C isotypes resulting in growth arrest.
Investigation of Parasitic Effects and Design Optimization in Silicon Nanowire MOSFETs for RF Applications

The design of silicon nanowire MOSFETs (SNWTs) for RF applications is discussed in this paper based on 3-D simulation, including the impacts of the parasitic capacitances and resistance. The results indicate that large parasitic capacitances are a dominant factor for nanowire structure, which can significantly degrade the ac characteristics of SNWTs. Resistance of the ultranarrow source/drain extension (SDE) regions, which is the main contributor to the total series resistance of SNWTs, is another important factor influencing the device performance. The requirement of contact resistance of source/drain regions in SNWTs is relatively relaxed compared to the SDE regions. Considering the tradeoff between parasitic capacitances and resistance, optimization of the doping profile in SDE regions of SNWTs with 10-nm gate length is further investigated for RF applications.
An algorithm for rule selection on fuzzy rule-based systems applied to the treatment of diabetics and detection of fraud in electronic payment

Recently, many papers have proposed automatic techniques for • extraction of knowledge from numerical data [18], [19], [20], [1]. • minimization of the number of rules [2], [3], [4]. But few works have been developed for design of experiments and datum plane covering. Most of optimization methods make the assumption that datum plane is sufficiently covered. If this assumption no longer holds, we will see that these methods may not work, since it implies that, before optimization, the fuzzy system gives acceptable results. We present in this paper, an algorithm for selection of fuzzy rules based on datum plane covering. We apply this method to two applications : • the problem of treatment of diabetics. Taking the insulin infusion rate as the input and the blood glucose rate as the output, we consider the patient as a black box [23], [22], whose model has to be obtained from the available measures of inputs-outputs. We dispose of a glycaemia file automatically produced for every person, and an insulin file shared by several persons. • the problem of detecting fraud in electronic payment systems. Along with the development of credit cards, fraudulent activities become a major problem in electronic payment systems [5], [6], [7]. Our model is based on specific and usual customer behavior, and deviation from such patterns is suspect.
Synthesizing Memory Models from Litmus Tests

Reasoning about concurrent code requires a memory consistency model that specifies which writes to shared memory a given read may see. Ambiguities or errors in these specifications can lead to bugs in both compilers and applications. Yet architectures usually define their memory models with prose and litmus tests—small concurrent programs that demonstrate allowed and forbidden outcomes. Recent work has formalized the memory models of common architectures, but each formalization required substantial effort and several revisions. As new architectures emerge, there is a growing need for tools that can aid these efforts. This paper presents MemSynth, the first system for automatic synthesis of axiomatic memory model specifications from litmus tests. MemSynth provides an expressive language for specifying the axioms that define a class of memory models, sketching a memory model within that class, and writing litmus tests. Its synthesis engine takes the axioms, sketch, and tests as input, and searches for a model (if any) that gives the desired outcomes on all tests. The MemSynth engine is based on a novel embedding of bounded relational logic in a solver-aided programming language, which enables it to tackle complex synthesis queries intractable to existing relational solvers. Thanks to this design, MemSynth can also solve new kinds of queries, such as a uniqueness check to discover ambiguities in memory model specifications. We show that MemSynth can synthesize specifications for Intel’s x86 in under a second, and for the PowerPC architecture in 16 seconds from 768 litmus tests. Our uniqueness check demonstrates several ambiguities in the documentation for the x86 memory model. We also use MemSynth to reproduce, debug, and automatically repair a prior paper on comparing memory models—all in just 2 days.
Decreased soluble leptin receptor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and a high incidence of obesity. Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is involved in the regulation of energy balance and obesity and circulates in both free and bound forms. The soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) is the most important leptin-binding protein, thus influencing the biologically active free leptin level. DESIGN We assessed the correlation of metabolic and endocrine parameters with leptin and sOB-R levels in 122 PCOS women (aged 27 +/- 5.7 years) and 81 healthy controls (aged 25 +/- 4.0 years). METHODS Leptin and sOB-R levels were measured using ELISA kits. In addition, anthropometric variables, body fat and endocrine parameters were evaluated and a glucose tolerance test performed to assess indices of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. RESULTS In PCOS patients, no correlation was found between leptin or sOB-R and parameters of hyper-androgenism. However, as expected, body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference and indices of insulin resistance were significantly correlated with leptin in PCOS subjects and controls. In a subgroup analysis of lean, overweight and obese PCOS patients, significant differences were found in leptin (29.7 +/- 20.7 vs 45.4 +/- 25.0 vs 67.7 +/- 28.8 ng/ml, P < 0.0001) and sOB-R (8.0 +/- 3.4 vs 6.4 +/- 2.5 vs 5.7 +/- 2.3 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Compared with BMI-matched controls, lean PCOS patients had lower sOB-R levels (8.0 +/- 3.4 vs 12.7 +/- 4.7 ng/ml, P < 0.0001) and higher free leptin indices (4.5 +/- 3.9 vs 2.8 +/- 2.2, P = 0.0285). CONCLUSION Taking into account that low sOB-R levels supposedly compensate diminished leptin action, PCOS per se might cause leptin resistance.
Implicações da redução de setup na produtividade da indústria farmacêutica

A necessidade de diferenciacao de produtos faz com que os sistemas de manufatura tenham que melhorar continuamente o desempenho no criterio flexibilidade. O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa foi reduzir o tempo de setup na linha de envase de uma industria farmaceutica de grande porte brasileira. Para conduzir a pesquisa, inicialmente foram identificadas as boas praticas e metodologia para reducao de setup presentes na literatura. Em seguida foram analisados os relatorios da empresa para definir o recurso critico para fazer a melhoria. A partir da analise de indicadores de eficiencia fez-se a analise do desempenho da linha de envase antes e depois da implantacao. Os principais resultados da pesquisa foram a eliminacao de atividades que nao agregavam valor ao processo e melhoria na utilizacao dos ativos, proporcionando a linha uma resposta mais rapida as frequentes mudanca de planejamento dos pedidos de clientes. Alem disso, a reducao de movimentacao de pessoas nos corredores, contribuiu para a reducao da contaminacao entre as areas, sendo um fator importante do manual de Boas Praticas de Fabricacao da industria farmaceutica.
Datalog+, RuleML and OWL 2: Formats and Translations for Existential Rules

This paper is devoted to formats and translations for Datalog+. We first introduce the dlgp format, which extends classical Datalog format to Datalog+. It allows to encode facts, existential rules (including equality), negative constraints and conjunctive queries. Moreover, for compatibility with Semantic Web languages, this format includes Web notions (IRIs and literals, according to Turtle syntax). Second, we define a translation from dlgp to the Datalog+ fragment of RuleML. Third, we define a translation from OWL 2 to dlgp. We point out that the composition of both translations allows to import OWL 2 to RuleML. The associated parsers and translators are available.
Rotational Raman lidar to measure the atmospheric temperature from the ground to 30 km

A lidar method using the anti-Stokes rotational lines of N/sub 2/ and O/sub 2/ Raman spectra to determine the temperature of the atmosphere up to 30 km is described. The method uses the variation with the temperature of the envelope of the intensities of the backscattered rotational Raman spectrum. For each temperature of the gas, the ratio of the fluxes through two narrow and close-by filters takes a definite value directly related to the temperature. The difficulty of eliminating the near-by contribution of the Mie backscattering was solved by doubling the filters to produce a rejection factor of 10/sup +8/ at the central wavelength. The validity of the method is illustrated by comparing a number of temperature profiles obtained simultaneously with radiosonde and by this new Raman lidar. The theoretical calculation of the method led to an analytic calibration function which, once adjusted with a radiosonde, can provide the temperature on successive days of measurement in the height range of 50 to 25 km. >
Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Serotype 1 Infection in a Seven-Month-Old Cat

A 7-month-old, neutered, male, domestic shorthair cat was presented for examination to a practicing veterinarian after 2 weeks of anorexia and unspecified treatment for “chronic respiratory disease. ” Physical and hematologic examinations revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, fever (39.7 C), and a corrected total blood leukocyte count of 17,329/μ1 with 27 nucleated red blood cells/100 leukocytes. Blood packed cell volume was 17%, and plasma contained 6.5 g/d1 total protein. After the animal had shown nonspecific signs for an additional week, smears made from aspirated bone marrow and a popliteal lymph node collected by biopsy and fixed in formalin were referred to the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University (ISU) for microscopic evaluation, and the cat was returned to its owner. Following a histologic diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterial disease, the cat was rehospitalized at the referring clinic for further observation and treatment. No cutaneous lesions were found. After consultation with the owner, the cat was euthanatized, necropsy was performed by the referring veterinarian, and tissue specimens were collected and submitted to ISU for further laboratory examination. Samples of lungs, liver, spleen, intestine, and tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes were received both frozen and in formalin. The remaining popliteal lymph node was received frozen, and bone marrow from a femur was received fixed in formalin. Blood had been collected in serum and anticoagulant (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tubes prior to euthanasia. This report describes disseminated Mycobacterium avium serotype 1 infection of a young cat in the absence of cutaneous lesions or evidence of antecedent immunosuppressive disease or treatment. At necropsy, mandibular, ileocecal, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were reportedly “very enlarged,” and the lungs contained nodular densities throughout. The fixed ileocecal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes and lung nodules measured 1.0, 1.5, and 0.5 cm in diameter, respectively. Bone marrow smears revealed adequate megakaryocytes, myeloid hyperplasia, and erythroid hypoplasia. No atypical cells were noted, but fine, elongate, refractile forms, unstained by Wright’s stain and frequently aggregated in clusters, were seen in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells and large multinucleate cells (Fig. 1). Acid-fast staining by the Ziehl-Neelsen method (ZN) showed abundant, 4-6 μm, slender, acidfast (beaded) organisms in the same cells. Peripheral blood smears and whole blood revealed anemia (hemoglobin 5.6 g/dl packed cell volume 18%, red blood cell count 2,850,000/ μl), leukopenia (total corrected leukocyte count 4,700/μ1), and lymphopenia (1,175/μ1). Serum contained 6.6 g/d1 of total
General Relativity at 75: How Right Was Einstein?

The status of experimental tests of general relativity is reviewed on the occasion of its 75th anniversary. Einstein's equivalence principle is well supported by experiments such as the E�tv�s experiment, tests of special relativity, and the gravitational redshift experiment. Tests of general relativity have reached high precision, including the light deflection and the perihelion advance of Mercury, proposed by Einstein 75 years ago, and new tests such as the Shapiro time delay and the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion. Gravitational wave damping has been detected to an accuracy of 1 percent on the basis of measurements of the binary pulsar. The status of the "fifth force" is discussed, along with the frontiers of experimental relativity, including proposals for testing relativistic gravity with advanced technology and spacecraft.