Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of GM1 and Gal(β1‐3)GalNAc antigenic determinants in peripheral nerve

Anti-GM1 antibodies in patients with motor neuropathy or motor neuron disease frequently recognize the Gal(β1-3)GalNAc epitope, which is shared by several glycoproteins in peripheral nerve. In this study, cholera toxin (CT), which is specific for GM1, and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA), which binds to Gal(β1-3)GalNAc-bearing glycoproteins, were used in tissue section and intraneural injection studies to examine the distribution of GM1 and Gal(β1-3)GalNAc epitopes in human and rat peripheral nerve by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. In tissue sections, CT stained the compact myelin in both human and rat nerves, whereas PNA was localized at the outer edge of the myelin sheath or Schwann cell membrane. Following intraneural injection into rat sciatic nerves, both CT and PNA bound to the nodes of Ranvier, although CT was concentrated in the paranodal myelin region whereas PNA was concentrated at the nodal gap. These structures may be targets for anti-GMl antibodies in peripheral nerve.
Arterial resection for pancreatic cancer: a modern surgeon should change its behavior according to the new therapeutic options.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a frequent and lethal disease ranking fourth as a cause of cancer related death in Western country. It is estimated that almost 100.000 patients diagnosed with PC died annually in Europe and United States (1). Almost 80-90% of PC, at diagnosis, are locally advanced tumors or with distant metastases. Oncological surgical excision, whenever possible, remains the best treatment for patients affected by PC, providing a longer survival (2). Pancreatectomy associated to vascular resection is still under discussion; venous resection demonstrated to be a feasible technique in experienced center, increasing survival. In contrast, arterial resection is still an issue of controversial debate, continuing to be a contraindication for resection in most of the center. However, in the last years, few authors are showing their results with pancreatic surgery associated to arterial resection with acceptable morbidity, mortality and long-term survival rates (3). These outcomes are achieved thanks to better technical procedures, in highly selected patients, in experienced HPB center in light of the last neoadjuvant treatment. Because of its anatomical location, common hepatic artery (CHA), celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) are the arterial vessels most frequently involved. Less frequently, mainly because tumor location, right hepatic artery (RHA) might be involved as well (3).
EVIDENCE FOR INTESTINAL AND LIVER EPITHELIAL CELL INJURY IN THE EARLY PHASE OF SEPSIS

The development of sepsis and multiple organ failure are important determinants of the outcome in critically ill patients. Hepatosplanchnic hypoperfusion and resulting intestinal and hepatic cell damage have been implicated as central events in the development of sepsis and multiple organ failure. Our aim was to study (1) the relation between intramucosal perfusion and intestinal and hepatic cell damage in an early phase of sepsis and (2) the correlation of these parameters with mortality. Two groups of patients were consecutively selected after intensive care unit admission: patients with postoperative abdominal sepsis (n = 19) and patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis (n = 9). Intramucosal perfusion was assessed by gastric tonometry (Pr-aco2 gap, Pico2). Circulating levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and liver (L)-FABP were used as markers for intestinal and hepatic cellular damage, respectively. Outcome was determined on day 28. Pr-aco2 gap correlated with I-FABP (Pearson r2 = 0.56; P < 0.001) in all patients, and gastric mucosal Pico2 correlated significantly with I-FABP (r2 = 0.57; P = 0.001) in patients with abdominal sepsis. At intensive care unit admission, nonsurvivors had significantly higher I-FABP and L-FABP values than survivors (I-FABP: 325 vs. 76 pg/mL, P < 0.04; L-FABP: 104 vs. 31 ng/mL, P < 0.04). Patients with abdominal sepsis was especially responsible for high-admission I-FABP and L-FABP levels in nonsurvivors (I-FABP: 405 vs. 85 pg/mL, P < 0.04; L-FABP: 121 vs. 59 ng/mL, P < 0.04). This study shows that splanchnic hypoperfusion correlates with intestinal mucosal damage, and that elevated plasma levels of I-FABP and L-FABP are associated with a poor outcome in critically ill patients with abdominal sepsis.
Persistent intracellular pathogens.

Intracellular pathogens live and replicate either within endosomal compartments or in the cytosol of diverse host cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, epithelial or endothelial cells or erythrocytes. Examples not only include all viruses, which represent obligate intracellular pathogens in the strictest sense, but also many different bacterial pathogens as well as certain protozoa and fungi that display either an obligate or at least facultative intracellular lifestyle in mammalian cells. One of the hallmarks of many intracellular pathogens is their ability to persist for long periods, if not lifelong, in their mammalian hosts. Persistent infections are typically initiated with an acute infection associated with disease symptoms of different …
A phylogenetic supertree of the fowls (Galloanserae, Aves)

The fowls (Anseriformes and Galliformes) comprise one of the major lineages of birds and occupy almost all biogeographical regions of the world. The group contains the most economically important of all bird species, each with a long history of domestication, and is an ideal model for studying ecological and evolutionary patterns. Yet, despite the relatively large amount of systematic attention fowls have attracted because of their socio‐economic and biological importance, the species‐level relationships within this clade remain controversial. Here we used the supertree method matrix representation with parsimony to generate a robust estimate of species‐level relationships of fowls. The supertree represents one of the most comprehensive estimates for the group to date, including 376 species (83.2% of all species; all 162 Anseriformes and 214 Galliformes) and all but one genera. The supertree was well‐resolved (81.1%) and supported the monophyly of both Anseriformes and Galliformes. The supertree supported the partitioning of Anseriformes into the three traditional families Anhimidae, Anseranatidae, and Anatidae, although it provided relatively poor resolution within Anatidae. For Galliformes, the majority‐rule supertree was largely consistent with the hypothesis of sequential sister‐group relationships between Megapodiidae, Cracidae, and the remaining Galliformes. However, our species‐level supertree indicated that more than 30% of the polytypic genera examined were not monophyletic, suggesting that results from genus‐level comparative studies using the average of the constituent species’ traits should be interpreted with caution until analogous species‐level comparative studies are available. Poorly resolved areas of the supertree reflect gaps or outstanding conflict within the existing phylogenetic database, highlighting areas in need of more study in addition to those species not present on the tree at all due to insufficient information. Even so, our supertree will provide a valuable foundation for understanding the diverse biology of fowls in a robust phylogenetic framework.
Research on Coordinated Attack Protection Method Based on Global Time Synchronization System of Intelligent Substation

Aiming at the coordinated attack based on time problem in the network attack of intelligent substation automation system, leading to large scale power outages, coordinated attack model called ENFTA is proposed. The scheme adds a differentiated time management design and time anti-correction design of the dispatcher based on the time synchronization system of the smart substation. The former is used to differentiate the synchronization time of substation and thus stagger the trigger time initiated by the coordinated attack software. In the latter, the information of the global synchronization time between the dispatcher and the station is marked, and anti-correcting the differentiated time and the reverse differentiated time are adjusted. In the unified reference time, to operate monitoring and the fault analysis after the accident. Relevant experiment results show that the method is effective to avoid the large number of substations losing voltage due to aggressive actions, and significantly reduce the harm caused by the coordinated attack of substations.
Interaction of Frizzled Related Protein (FRP) with Wnt Ligands and the Frizzled Receptor Suggests Alternative Mechanisms for FRP Inhibition of Wnt Signaling*

Frizzled related proteins (FRPs) comprise a family of secreted molecules that contain an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) highly similar to the CRDs of the frizzled family of membrane-anchored Wnt receptors. FRPs have been shown to interact with Wnt proteins and antagonize Wnt signaling in a Xenopusdevelopmental model. We demonstrated that FRP antagonizes the Wnt-induced increase in uncomplexed β-catenin in both transient cotransfection and stable transformation models, where Wnt-induced morphological alterations are inhibited as well. We showed further that FRP inhibits Wnt signaling in a paracrine mode using a T-cell factor luciferase reporter to measure Wnt function. Investigation of the mechanisms responsible for FRP inhibition revealed that FRP forms complexes with WNT-1 or WNT-2 through its CRD domain. Transfection analysis with FRPs containing different tags revealed that FRP itself forms complexes and that this ability is conferred by its CRD domain. Finally, we demonstrated by cotransfection that FRP forms complexes with a prototype frizzled. All of these findings are consistent with a model by which FRP inhibits Wnt signaling through interactions with Wnt and/or formation of nonfunctional complexes with the frizzled receptor.
Partial discharges in ceramic substrates embedded in liquids and gels

In Insulated gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules, ceramic substrates are used as insulation between semiconductor chips and the ground potential. The substrate, semiconductor chips and connections are covered with silicone gel to prevent partial discharges (PDs) from occurring. In this work, partial discharges are investigated on laboratory samples made of metalized substrates embedded in silicone gel and various liquids. Substrates are made of aluminum nitride (AlN), alumina (Al2O3), or glass/epoxy composite. The objective is to determine the actual origin of PDs, by changing the nature of encapsulating material and substrate. The various liquids used are first characterized using a point-plane geometry. Experiments show that a rather large discrepancy on the PD behavior can be due to the ceramic substrate itself. "Good" and "bad" substrates can be identified on the basis of PD measurements. The influence of the sample preparation (degassing procedure) is also evidenced. The main conclusion obtained in this paper shows that partial discharges do not occur within the encapsulating material, contrary to most previous hypotheses, but within pores existing in sintered ceramic materials. Changing the substrate nature has a large influence on PD behavior, whereas a modification of the encapsulating material has almost no effect.
Modeling for Control of Very Flexible Aircraft

The first investigations into the dynamics of a highly flexible aircraft came from the Daedalus Project, initiated in 1984. 3 The goal of this project was to push the limits of human powered flight while promoting engineering, science and education. Prior to the Daedalus Project the longest distance traveled by a human powered plane was 23 miles, a record set in 1979 with a flight across the English Channel. Over the course of the project the distance record was broken several times and in 1988 Daedalus 88 flew 73 miles over the Aegean Sea from Iraklion Air Force Base on Crete to Santorini. Key results from the project were: an attempt to identify stability derivatives for a flexible aircraft using flight data, modeling the aeroelastic characteristics of a highly flexible aircraft, and tools for analyzing aerodynamic and structural loads on flexible–high–aspect–ratio wings under large deformation. Van Schoor et al. identified the importance of including the the flexible states in the stability analysis as the flexible model predicted an unstable phugoid mode with the rigid model predicting a stable phugoid. Building on his work in [7] Drela designed ASWING, a software package used for the study and simulation of flexible aircraft undergoing arbitrarily large deformations. The Daedalus Project, by design, was a segway to High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) vehicles. The Helios aircraft, depicted in Figure 1, was developed under the Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) as a HALE class vehicle. The aircraft had two configurations specifically tailored to: 1) high altitude flight and 2) long endurance flight. On August 13 2001 Helios configuration–1 climbed to a record breaking altitude of 96,863 feet. The second configuration did not have the same success however, and on June 26 2003 broke apart mid–flight during testing. Throughout the flight the aircraft encountered low–level turbulence. After approximately 30 minutes of flight time a larger than expected wing dihedral formed and the aircraft began a slowly diverging pitch oscillation. The oscillations never subsided and lead to flight speeds beyond the design specifications for Helios. The loading on the aircraft compromised the structure of the aircraft and the skin of the aircraft pulled apart. One of the key recommendations that came from the flight mishap investigation was to, “Develop more advanced, multidisciplinary (structures, aeroelastic, aerodynamics, atmospheric, materials, propulsion, controls, etc) “time-domain” analysis methods appropriate to highly flexible, “morphing” vehicles”. A large body of work on VFA modeling has come since the Helios flight mishap. Patil et al. studied the open loop dynamics of a flying wing structure similar to that of Helios and found that flap positions used to trim the flexible aircraft differ greatly from those used to trim the rigid aircraft. The authors also captured instability in the phugoid mode which is present during large dihedral angles. Similar studies
A Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of Early Steroid Withdrawal on Growth in Pediatric Renal Transplantation: The TWIST Study

Minimizing steroid exposure in pediatric renal transplant recipients can improve linear growth and reduce metabolic disorders. This randomized multicenter study investigated the impact of early steroid withdrawal on mean change in height standard deviation score (SDS) and the safety and efficacy of two immunosuppressive regimens during the first 6 months after transplantation. Children received tacrolimus, MMF, two doses of daclizumab and steroids until day 4 (TAC/MMF/DAC, n=98) or tacrolimus, MMF and standard‐dose steroids (TAC/MMF/STR, n=98). Mean change in height SDS was 0.16 ± 0.32 with TAC/MMF/DAC and 0.03 ± 0.32 with TAC/MMF/STR. The mean treatment group difference was 0.13 (p < 0.005 [95% CI 0.04–0.22]), 0.21 in prepubertal (p = 0.009 [95% CI 0.05–0.36]) and 0.05 in pubertal children (p = ns). Frequency of biopsy‐proven acute rejection was 10.2%, TAC/MMF/DAC, and 7.1%, TAC/MMF/STR. Patient and graft survival and renal function were similar. Significantly greater reductions in total cholesterol and triglycerides but significantly higher incidences of infection and anemia were found with TAC/MMF/DAC (p < 0.05 all comparisons). Early steroid withdrawal significantly aided growth at 6 months more so in prepubertal than pubertal children. This was accompanied by significantly better lipid and glucose metabolism profiles without increases in graft rejection or loss.
Integrated, systems metabolic picture of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum

Significance This work elucidates the interdependence of gene regulation, metabolism, and environmental cues during clostridial acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. It also demonstrates the necessity of the integrative view for quantitative understanding of that complex process. Therefore, this work advances our fundamental knowledge concerning ABE fermentation. In addition, the work provides a quantitative tool for generating new hypotheses and for guiding strain design and protocol optimization, which facilitates the development of next-generation biofuels. More broadly, by using ABE fermentation as an example, the work further sheds light on systems biology toward an integrated and quantitative understanding of complex microbial physiology. Microbial metabolism involves complex, system-level processes implemented via the orchestration of metabolic reactions, gene regulation, and environmental cues. One canonical example of such processes is acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum, during which cells convert carbon sources to organic acids that are later reassimilated to produce solvents as a strategy for cellular survival. The complexity and systems nature of the process have been largely underappreciated, rendering challenges in understanding and optimizing solvent production. Here, we present a system-level computational framework for ABE fermentation that combines metabolic reactions, gene regulation, and environmental cues. We developed the framework by decomposing the entire system into three modules, building each module separately, and then assembling them back into an integrated system. During the model construction, a bottom-up approach was used to link molecular events at the single-cell level into the events at the population level. The integrated model was able to successfully reproduce ABE fermentations of the WT C. acetobutylicum (ATCC 824), as well as its mutants, using data obtained from our own experiments and from literature. Furthermore, the model confers successful predictions of the fermentations with various network perturbations across metabolic, genetic, and environmental aspects. From foundation to applications, the framework advances our understanding of complex clostridial metabolism and physiology and also facilitates the development of systems engineering strategies for the production of advanced biofuels.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Long term capacity decisions in uncertain markets for advanced manufacturing systems incorporating scope economies

By examining the literature in the field of manufacturing flexibility many researchers have located several form of flexibility by distinguishing them into strategic and operational flexibility forms. Furthermore, many measures and design methods have been proposed for flexible manufacturing systems. Surely scope economies are one of the most important strategic form of flexibility in manufacturing systems and their strategic impact has been acknowledged by the very beginning of the flexible manufacturing era. However, despite several researches are available to address scope economies measurement and design methodologies, very few researches investigate their economic convenience in front of dedicated manufacturing systems depending on the competitive market conditions. This paper proposes a theoretical model whose main aim is the general understanding of the convenience conditions of scope economies-based manufacturing systems. The results of the theoretical model are very interesting, because they locate market conditions that make scope economies manufacturing systems less profitable than dedicated manufacturing ones; moreover, the proposed model sets some general criteria to guide the entrepreneur in making right investment decision regarding this kind of manufacturing investments. Such results can explain the reason of many failures of flexible manufacturing systems and it suggests the use of this kind of approach to investigate other flexibility forms of manufacturing systems. The ultimate goal of this research is the construction of a Decision Support System for supporting the entrepreneur in making decision on Advanced Manufacturing Systems investment decisions. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
An Efficient E-Coin Scheme under Elliptic Curve Cryptography

E-commerce is the new growing technology in the field of trade systems. One of novelty technologies in such area, is an e-coin scheme. The e-coin transfer scheme denotes a practical innovation which allows to complete the e-operations. In this paper, it presents an efficient e-coin scheme based on an elliptic curve. In order to secure the incorrupt clients of an e-coin scheme should utilizes the blind signature protocol. The proposed scheme requires a trusted authority to trace the corrupt participants. It claims that the proposed scheme is more efficient compare with already existed schemes
A RFID-enabled sensor platform for pervasive monitoring

This paper studies the implementation of an UHF RFID sensor combining temperature detection with motion detection to improve pallet tracking applications. The aim is to control the integrity of the tagged object during its complete product life (realization, transportation, end-user). It is based on a dedicated IC SL900A from AMS connected to an anisotropic magneto-resistive sensor. The temperature detection is provided by an internal sensor in the IC. The motion is detected by the external magneto-resistive sensor due to the apparent variation of the earth's magnetic field when it rotates. Electromagnetic simulations of the tag's antenna and practical validations of the motion sensor are presented.
Embedded processes in Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets

We show that a particular class of Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets have stationary probabilities that exhibit a product form. Efficient solution algorithms can be developed for the computation of the performance indices of such Product-Form GSPNs. These algorithms avoid the generation of the underlying state space. Hence, large PF-GSPN models can now be effectively studied.
Optimization of laminated composite plates and shells using genetic algorithms, neural networks and finite elements

Structural optimization using computational tools has become a major research field in recent years. Methods commonly used in structural analysis and optimization may demand considerable computational cost, depending on the problem complexity. Therefore, many techniques have been evaluated in order to diminish such impact. Among these various techniques, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) may be considered as one of the main alternatives, when combined with classic analysis and optimization methods, to reduce the computational effort without affecting the final solution quality. Use of laminated composite structures has been continuously growing in the last decades due to the excellent mechanical properties and low weight characterizing these materials. Taken into account the increasing scientific effort in the different topics of this area, the aim of the present work is the formulation and implementation of a computational code to optimize manufactured complex laminated structures with a relatively low computational cost by combining the Finite Element Method (FEM) for structural analysis, Genetic Algorithms (GA) for structural optimization and ANN to approximate the finite element solutions. The modules for linear and geometrically non-linear static finite element analysis and for optimize laminated composite plates and shells, using GA, were previously implemented. Here, the finite element module is extended to analyze dynamic responses to solve optimization problems based in frequencies and modal criteria, and a perceptron ANN module is added to approximate finite element analyses. Several examples are presented to show the effectiveness of ANN to approximate solutions obtained using the FEM and to reduce significatively the computational cost.