Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do Extreme Price Movements End?

We test competing theories on liquidity dynamics during extreme price movements (EPMs). Our findings indicate that market makers strategically allow for price pressures and earn compensation from pricing errors. As a result, liquidity provision intensifies towards the end of an average EPM. This goes counter to a widespread concern that market making constraints cause the deterioration of liquidity as EPMs develop. Finally, we demonstrate that limit order book dynamics during EPMs is in line with a socially beneficial equilibrium.
Oxidation Activity of Ti-Beta Synthesized by a Dry-Gel Conversion Method

Ti-beta zeolite was synthesized in the presence of sodium cations by a dry-gel conversion method using tetraethylammonium hydroxide as a structure-directing agent. As evidenced by diffuse reflectance UV spectroscopy, incorporated titianium species were tetrahedrally coordinated in the zeolites and neither anatase-like phase nor hexacoordinated titianium species belonging to an amorphous titanosilicate phase was detected at the sodium content of lower than 1.0 mol%. It was found that the Ti-beta catalysts gave very high H2O2conversion and selectivity in the oxidation of cyclohexene in methanol used as solvent. The C6-C8cyclic alkenes and alkanes reacted faster than corresponding linear alkenes and alkanes, showing the lack of steric impediments in the pores of Ti-beta. Dimethylcyclohexanes were more reactive when tertiary H atoms predominantly occupy the equatorial position than when they occupy the axial position. Ti-beta samples exhibited high activity also for the oxidation of C6-C8cyclic alcohols.
Characteristics and mechanisms of 4A zeolite supported nanoparticulate zero-valent iron as Fenton-like catalyst to degrade methylene blue

4A zeolite supported nanoparticulate zero-valent iron (nZVI/4A zeolite), synthesized through borohydride reduction method, was used as a catalyst with H2O2 to build Fenton-like reaction system to degrade methylene blue (MB) in model wastewater. The characteristics and primary mechanisms of the catalyst were investigated. The results show that nZVI/4A zeolite has the potential as a Fenton-like catalyst, and (about 30 mg/L) MB was degraded completely in 3 h with 10 mM H2O2, 0.2 g/L catalyst, and initial pH of 3.0. The MB degradation rates were obtained at least 70% in the tests with initial pH ranged from 2.0 to 9.0 and the catalyst dose rose from 0.2 to 5.0 g/L. Importantly, the catalyst also has a distinctive ability to increase the solution pH value from its initial acidic pH and then maintain the value at close to neutrality. This ability was controlled by both the initial pH and the catalyst dose. MB degradation clarified that hydroxyl radical was the dominated active oxidative specie in the tests with initial acidic pH and low catalyst dose (less 2.5 g/L); otherwise, Fe(VI) oxidation was the main mechanism for MB degradation; and the two processes shared synergistic effect in MB degradation in the present test. The catalyst has high operational stability in both of the composites with low iron leaching (less 2%) and catalyzing ability. Therefore, nZVI/4A zeolite has great potential as a Fenton-like catalyst and is used with H2O2 to build Fenton-like system which could be used to degrade MB efficiently.
Application of Redfield theory to optical dephasing and line shape of electronic transitions in molecular mixed crystals

Redfield relaxation theory is used to study optical dephasing in molecular mixed crystals where pseudolocalized phonons play a dominant role. As a model an effective four‐level system is defined which consists of the ground and excited electronic state of the guest impurity and one pseudolocalized phonon in each of these states. It is shown that coherence transfer between the purely electronic and the phonon‐promoted transition is due to interference between the scattering amplitudes in the ground and excited state and only occurs when the transitions are near resonant. When the scattering amplitudes in the ground and excited state are identical the optical Redfield equations reduce to the modified Bloch equations and coherence transfer may appreciably contribute to optical dephasing. It further proves essential for coherence exchange to occur that next to electron–phonon coupling the phonon anharmonicity is taken into account. The stochastic and correlation function theories of line shape, using the same model system, have also been examined and we conclude that in these theories exchange of coherence is not properly taken into account. Next to the effect of pseudolocalized phonons the effect of band phonons on optical dephasing is also examined and within our model both effects are additive.Redfield relaxation theory is used to study optical dephasing in molecular mixed crystals where pseudolocalized phonons play a dominant role. As a model an effective four‐level system is defined which consists of the ground and excited electronic state of the guest impurity and one pseudolocalized phonon in each of these states. It is shown that coherence transfer between the purely electronic and the phonon‐promoted transition is due to interference between the scattering amplitudes in the ground and excited state and only occurs when the transitions are near resonant. When the scattering amplitudes in the ground and excited state are identical the optical Redfield equations reduce to the modified Bloch equations and coherence transfer may appreciably contribute to optical dephasing. It further proves essential for coherence exchange to occur that next to electron–phonon coupling the phonon anharmonicity is taken into account. The stochastic and correlation function theories of line shape, using the same.
Favorable hydrogen bonding in room-temperature Cu(0)-mediated controlled radical polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine

This communication describes the first example of hydrogen bonding facilitating the control of the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP). Well-controlled P4VP has been successfully achieved via zero-valent copper mediated radical polymerization without any additional ligand by utilizing a fluoroalcohol, HFIP, as a solvent, which can strongly interact with 4VP by hydrogen bonding.
Complex formation of large‐ring cyclodextrins with iodine in aqueous solution as revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry

Complex formation of large cyclodextrins(CDs) having DP 21–32 with iodine in aqueous KI solution was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry. The curves obtained for the titration of the CDs with iodine cannot be analyzed by a model based on a single set of identical sites, but, rather, by a model assuming 1 : 2 complex formation with identical interacting sites. For the two identical interacting sites, the binding constants K1 and K2 (K1 < K2), defined relative to the progress of saturation, lie in the range 0.7 to 7.3×103 M–1 and 3.0 to 62.6×103 M–1, respectively. The values of ΔH2 and T ΔS2 lie in the range –34.9 to –136.4 kJ·mol–1 and –15.5 to –112.8 kJ·mol–1, respectively. The largest values of –T ΔS2 obtained for a CD of DP 26 can, in part, be attributed to a large decrease in conformational flexibility of the CD which occurs during complex formation.
Characteristic odour components of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) essential oil

The volatile components of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) essential oil produced in Reggio Calabria in Italy were investigated using GC, GC–MS and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O). Fifty-five compounds in the oil were identified by GC and GC–MS. The major compounds were limonene (37.2%), linalyl acetate (30.1%), linalool (8.8%), γ-terpinene (6.8%) and β-pinene (6.2%). In sensory analysis, odour description and flavour dilution (FD) factors of each component were evaluated by GC-sniffing and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA). Bergamot-like odour components were (Z)-limonene oxide, decanal, linalyl acetate and geraniol. A mixture of eight other components, such as limonene, linalool, γ-terpinene and others, in addition to the four bergamot-like aroma compounds, brought about an aroma model of bergamot odour with the similarity of 7.1 by the nine-point-score sensory test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Face Recognition Based on Deep Learning of Small Data Set

Face recognition based on deep learning relies on large-scale label data, which limits the application of face recognition technology. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved VGGNet algorithm for face recognition. The improved algorithm requires less training data size, faster training speed, and the face recognition rate reaches more than 95%, which can meet the practical application requirements of most scenes.
Production and profitability of crop rotation systems in southern Brazil

Crop rotation is one of the pillars of conservation agriculture. This practice has offered a series of advantages in terms of improving soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions. These advantages result in yield increases for all economic crops involved in the rotation systems and may also reduce production costs. In this context, the aim of this study was to compare the profitability of crop rotation systems with different levels of crop diversification. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments included one less diversified crop rotation system (control) with soybean and wheat and four more diversified crop rotation systems (involving three or more species), including soybean, wheat, black oats, maize, canola, barley, blue lupine, white oats, beans, radish, triticale, rye, hairy vetch, and sorghum, under no-tillage conducted during a three-year cycle. Analyses were conducted considering productivity, operating cost, and economic profit. The highest accumulated gross yields were obtained in the more diversified crop rotation systems. The results show that the more diversified crop rotation systems were more profitable. When the opportunity cost was included, the most diversified crop rotations presented greater economic feasibility. The less diversified crop rotation system presented a negative economic profit. The crop rotation systems including beans presented the highest economic profit.
Dinuclear manganese(II) complexes of 2,6-Bis[2-(dialkylamino)ethyliminomethyl]-4-methylphenolate(1–): synthesis, structure, and magnetism

2,6-Bis[2-(dialkylamino)ethyliminomethyl]-4-methylphenolate(1–)[alkyl = methyl (L1) or ethyl (L2)] forms two types of dinuclear manganese(II) complexes [Mn2L(RCO2)2(NCS)](L = L1 or L2, R = CH3 or C6H5) and [Mn2LCl3](L = L1 or L2). The crystal structure of [Mn2L1(CH3CO2)2(NCS)]·H2O·CH3OH has been determined: monoclinic, space group P21/n, a= 17.700(3), b= 12.516(2), c= 15.263(3)A, β= 107.16(1)° and Z= 4. The X-ray analysis reveals a dinuclear structure bridged by the phenolic oxygen of L1 and two acetate groups. The thiocyanate group co-ordinates to one Mn, resulting in different co-ordination geometries about the two manganese ions, i.e. trigonal bipyramidal and pseudo-octahedral. Magnetic susceptibility measurements over the temperature range 4.2–300 K indicate weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J=–2 to –5 cm–1) for [Mn2L(RCO2)2(NCS)] and no appreciable interaction for [Mn2LCl3].
The Nexus Between FDR, NPF, BOPO Toward Profitability Of Indonesian Islamic Bank

Abstract Based on Sharia Commercial Bank Statistics Data, the value of profitability is measured by Return On Assets that have decreased from 2013-2017. This happens because the NPF ratio has increased from year to year (if there is much problematic financing, the cost of providing a loss will be high, which causes the BOPO ratio to increase). So that Sharia Commercial Banks must reduce the FDR ratio, with the reduction in the distribution of funds to customers making the Sharia Commercial Banks experience a reduction in income to be received. That way can cause the level of profitability to be obtained decreases. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of FDR, NPF, BOPO to the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with panel data regression analysis methods and hypothesis testing using (F test, t-test, R2), and data processing using Eviews 9. The test results obtained together with variables FDR, NPF, BOPO significantly influence towards ROA. Partially, FDR has no significant negative effect on ROA. NPF variable is not a significant positive effect on ROA. BOPO variable has a negative and significant effect on ROA. R2 test of 82.73% while the remaining 17.27% is influenced by other factors outside the study. BOPO variable has a negative and significant effect on ROA. R2 test of 82.73% while the remaining 17.27% is influenced by other factors outside the study. BOPO variable has a negative and significant effect on ROA. R2 test of 82.73% while the remaining 17.27% is influenced by other factors outside the study. Keywords : FDR, NPF, BOPO and ROA Abstrak Berdasarkan Data Statistik Bank Umum Syariah nilai profitabilitas yang di ukur dengan Return On Asset mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2013-2017. Hal tersebut terjadi karena rasio NPF mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun (apabila banyak nya pembiayaan bermasalah maka biaya pencadangan atas kerugian akan tinggi yang mengakibatkan rasio BOPO meningkat). Sehingga Bank Umum Syariah harus mengurangi rasio FDR, dengan berkurangnya penyaluran dana kepada nasabah membuat Bank Umum Syariah mengalami pengurangan atas pendapatan yang akan diterima. Dengan begitu dapat menyebabkan tingkat profitabilitas yang akan di dapat menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio FDR, NPF, BOPO terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi data panel dan uji hipotesis menggunakan (uji F, uji t, R 2 ), serta pengolahan data nya menggunakan aplikasi Eviews 9. Hasil pengujian di peroleh secara bersama-sama variabel FDR, NPF, BOPO berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ROA . Secara parsial , FDR berpengaruh negative tidak signifikan terhadap ROA. Variabel NPF berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap ROA.Variabel BOPO berpengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap ROA. Uji R 2 sebesar 82,73% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 17,27% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar penelitian. Kata Kunci : FDR, NPF, BOPO, dan ROA
Cross-sectional Examination of the Corporate Bond Market Performance - The Rise of the Momentum and Contrarian Unidentified Factor Mimicking Corporate Bond Portfolios!

We examine momentum and reversal anomalies in corporate bond returns at the company-level employing a novel dataset, SoKat Credit, comprising bonds of 323 of the largest and liquid companies over the period from 2002 to 2020. Our study documents significant short-term reversal in the cross-sectional of corporate bond returns concentrated at the one week interval with annualized returns on the zero investment long-short portfolio of 9.9%. We also document the company-level momentum-spill-over effect into bond returns when sorting on past equity returns, that is, our “bond-stock” strategy, which delivers annualized returns of 5.0% are statistically significant and robust baring the usual suspects of caveats.
High oxygen-reduction activity and durability of nitrogen-doped graphene

Nitrogen-doped graphene as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction was synthesized by heat-treatment of graphene using ammonia. It was found that the optimum temperature was 900 °C. The resulting catalyst had a very high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity through a four-electron transfer process in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M KOH. Most importantly, the electrocatalytic activity and durability of this material are comparable or better than the commercial Pt/C (loading: 4.85 µgPt cm−2). XPS characterization of these catalysts was tested to identify the active N species for ORR.
A Waveform Conversion Circuit Design Used for Square Wave to Sine Wave

As an efficient passive filter, elliptical filter can be used in the waveform conversion module of closed-loop self-excitation circuit based on infrared detectors with steep transition band. In this article, the elliptical filter is designed and used to transform rectangle wave to sine wave by the Advanced Design System (ADS) 2015. After setting the parameters and calculation, the elliptical low-pass filter of seventh-order whose pass band is 0-10.2kHz, ripple in the band is less than 0.3dB and signal suppression is 42.8dB with two notch points. Through the comparison with the fifth-order and seventh-order elliptical low-pass filters, the relationship between the orders is understood, and the requirement of waveform transformation is realized.
Early Real Estate Indicators during the COVID-19 Crisis

Abstract In this article we construct a number of early housing-market indicators from daily-scraped list-price data and investigate how they inform on housing-market trends prior to the release of official transaction data. We minimize the impact of non-market conform list prices by our data selection- and cleaning routine and thereby improve the overlap between list and transaction data. In addition to some well-known real-estate indicators (price and rent indices, price-rent ratios, market volume, time-on-market, and market turnover) we develop a new market sentiment indicator which we construct from the direction and frequency of online price changes for individual listings. We then use this group of indicators to investigate how housing markets in London and Vienna react to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020. For London these indicators show high volatility during much of 2020 and we find that the sales and rental markets drift apart: The sales market shows an overall positive price trend, while the rental market becomes significantly weaker after the onset of the COVID-19 crisis. For Vienna we find that all indicators signal positive market developments for the first eight months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Microwave Synthesis and Optical Properties of Uniform Nanorods and Nanoplates of Rare Earth Oxides

We report on the rapid production, characterization, and spectral properties of uniform nanorods, nanowires, and nanoplates of rare earth oxides (M2O3, M = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy). The method developed, based on microwave irradiation (MWI), allows the control of the size and shape of the rare earth oxide nanostructures by varying the MWI reaction time and the relative concentrations of the organic surfactants. The uniformity of the rods and of the wires is demonstrated in their spontaneous assembly into highly ordered 2D supercrystals. The MWI method provides a unique opportunity for the large-scale synthesis of rare earth nanostructures without suffering thermal gradient effects.
An entropy–elastic gelatin-based hydrogel system

Gelatin is a non-immunogenic and degradable biopolymer, which is widely applied in the biomedical field e.g. for drug capsules or as absorbable hemostats. However, gelatin materials present limited and hardly reproducible mechanical properties especially in aqueous systems, particularly caused by the uncontrollable partial renaturation of collagen-like triple helices. Therefore, mechanically demanding applications for gelatin-based materials, such as vascular patches, i.e. hydrogel films that seal large incisions in vessel walls, and for induced autoregeneration, are basically excluded if this challenge is not addressed. Through the synthesis of a defined chemical network of gelatin with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in DMSO, the self-organization of gelatin chains could be hindered and amorphous gelatin films were successfully prepared having Young's moduli of 60–530 kPa. Transferring the crosslinking reaction with HDI and, alternatively, ethyl lysine diisocyanate (LDI), to water as reaction medium allowed the tailoring of swelling behaviour and mechanical properties by variation of crosslinker content while suppressing the formation of helices. The hydrogels had Young's moduli of 70–740 kPa, compressive moduli of 16–48 kPa, and degrees of swelling of 300–800 vol%. Test reactions investigated by ESI mass spectrometry allowed the identification and quantification of reaction products of the crosslinking reaction. The HDI crosslinked networks were stabilized by direct covalent crosslinks (ca. 10 mol%), supported by grafting (50 mol%) and blending of hydrophobic oligomeric chains. For the LDI-based networks, less crosslinked (3 mol%) and grafted species (5 mol%) and much higher amounts of oligomers were observed. The adjustable hydrogel system enables the application of gelatin-based materials in physiological environments.
Measuring Human Capital in Europe and Central Asia

This paper outlines an extension of the Human Capital Index that addresses the specific challenges in education and health faced by countries in Europe and Central Asia. Good basic education will not be enough, as job markets today demand higher levels of human capital than in the past. As the region’s population becomes older, it is important that adults remain healthy to ensure productive aging. The Europe and Central Asia Human Capital Index (ECA-HCI) extends the Human Capital Index by adding a measure of quality-adjusted years of higher education to the original education component, and it includes the prevalence of three adult health risk factors—obesity, smoking, and heavy drinking—as an additional proxy for latent health status. This extension of the Human Capital Index could also be useful for assessing the state of human capital in middle-income countries in general.
Study on the DFT-based phasor estimation algorithm for removal of the decaying DC offset

Protection relays respond to the fault condition of power system using real-time voltage and current signals. Estimation of the voltage and current phasors is necessary. However, the decaying DC component contained in the signal causes overshoot and oscillations in the magnitude and angle of the phasor estimated by the traditional DFT algorithm. Two types of estimation algorithms removing effect of the decaying DC component are studied and compared in this paper. The two improved algorithms include an error estimation (EE) algorithm featured with estimating the decaying DC component characteristics and a differential DFT (DD) algorithm featured with prefiltering of the current signal prior to phasor estimation. Performance of the two algorithms is evaluated using simulated signals from Matlab and PSCAD software. Accuracy of the phasor estimation is improved and the DD algorithm has more excellent performance than the EE algorithm.