Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature Selection and Overlapping Clustering-Based Multilabel Classification Model

Multilabel classification (MLC) learning, which is widely applied in real-world applications, is a very important problem in machine learning. Some studies show that a clustering-based MLC framework performs effectively compared to a nonclustering framework. In this paper, we explore the clustering-based MLC problem. Multilabel feature selection also plays an important role in classification learning because many redundant and irrelevant features can degrade performance and a good feature selection algorithm can reduce computational complexity and improve classification accuracy. In this study, we consider feature dependence and feature interaction simultaneously, and we propose a multilabel feature selection algorithm as a preprocessing stage before MLC. Typically, existing cluster-based MLC frameworks employ a hard cluster method. In practice, the instances of multilabel datasets are distinguished in a single cluster by such frameworks; however, the overlapping nature of multilabel instances is such that, in real-life applications, instances may not belong to only a single class. Therefore, we propose a MLC model that combines feature selection with an overlapping clustering algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that various clustering algorithms show different performance for MLC, and the proposed overlapping clustering-based MLC model may be more suitable.
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING

Pedestrian to vehicle crashes still represent a major health issue worldwide. In order to prevent fatalities and injuries during the in-crash phase of a pedestrian accident, a sound understanding of pedestrian in-crash kinematics is required and Human Body Models (HBMs) are valuable tools when studying such kinematics. Since injuries to the head feature frequently in severe and fatal injuries in these types of crashes, it is crucial to study the head boundary conditions that govern the kinematics during the crash. This thesis is focussed on the influence of pedestrian shoulder and spine kinematics and the effect elbow and shoulder impacts have on head linear and angular kinematics. A new full-scale experiment was carried out to establish 3D linear and 3D angular displacements of the head, spine, and both scapulae. Three past full-scale experiments were re-analysed to establish spine curvature. A comparison between the responses of a finite element pedestrian HBM, the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) Version 4, and previous shoulder impact experiments comprising volunteers and PMHSs were made. The results were used to study shoulder impacts displaying boundary conditions similar to shoulder impacts in fullscale pedestrian experiments. The recent full-scale pedestrian experiment provides novel and valuable 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) kinematics suitable for use in HBM evaluations. Head kinematics are governed by neck flexion which is controlled by torso flexion and head inertia. When the pelvis impacts the vehicle, torso flexion away from the vehicle is introduced, influencing the head kinematics. Elbow impacts have considerable influence on head kinematics and elevate the position of the shoulder before shoulder impact. The head impacts the vehicle shortly after the shoulder. Since the load transfer from shoulder impact to the head takes longer than the time between shoulder and head impact, shoulder impacts does not influence head kinematics before the first contact of the head with the vehicle. The load transfer from shoulder impacts into the torso is governed by the scapular motion over the thorax. Limited scapular motion increases the overall shoulder stiffness and leads to higher head linear and angular displacements compared to lower shoulder stiffness. Elevated shoulder positions limit scapular motion over the thorax while shoulder impacts from supero-lateral directions, which were observed in the pedestrian full-scale experiments, slightly increase scapular motion over the thorax. THUMS Version 4 is suitable for studying head linear displacements following shoulder impacts although THUMS compares better to tense volunteers than relaxed volunteers. In THUMS, head rotation around the anteroposterior axis is slightly lower and head twist is considerably higher than seen in the volunteers.
Real Time Video Surveillance System

The embedded system and RTOS are reaching beyond the norms of innovations, the prospects of security and demanding protection against various threats has been widened immensely. This paper represents the most integrated and customized advanced Android based Real time Video Surveillance System in order to secure and protect what matter the most to the user. The main objective of this system is to monitor the area where the webcam is set up. The user will receive live notification if a motion is detected, if any unusual activity is identified, the user will be directly redirected to the emergency service number. The notification is done through Google Cloud Messaging. Our research focuses on the entire processing of the system.
0 Image Search in a Visual Concept Feature Space with SOM-Based Clustering and Modi fi ed Inverted Indexing

The exponential growth of image data has created a compelling need for innovative tools for managing, retrieving, and visualizing images from large collection. The low storage cost of computer hardware, availability of digital devices, high bandwidth communication facilities and rapid growth of imaging in the World Wide Web has made all these possible. Many applications such as digital libraries, image search engines, medical decision support systems require effective and efficient image retrieval techniques to access the images based on their contents, commonly known as content-based image retrieval (CBIR). CBIR computes relevance of query and database images based on the visual similarity of low-level features (e.g., color, texture, shape, edge, etc.) derived entirely from the images Smeulders et al. (2000); Liua et al. (2007); Datta et al. (2008). Even after almost two decades of intensive research, the CBIR systems still lag behind the best text-based search engines of today, such as Google and Yahoo. The main problem here is the extent of mismatch between user’s requirements as high-level concepts and the low-level representation of images; this is the well known “semantic gap” problem Smeulders et al. (2000). In an effort to minimize the “semantic gap”, some recent approaches have used machine learning on locally computed image features in a “bag of concepts” based image representation scheme by treating them as visual concepts Liua et al. (2007). The models are applied to images by using a visual analogue of a word (e.g., “bag of words” ) in text documents by automatically extracting different predominant color or texture patches or semantic patches, such as, water, sand, sky, cloud, etc. in natural photographic images. This intermediary semantic level representation is introduced as a first step to deal with the semantic gap between low-level features and high-level concepts. Recent works have shown that local features represented by “bags-of-words” are suitable for scene classification showing impressive levels of performance Zhu et al. (2002); Lim (2002); Jing et al. (2004); Vogel & Schiele (2007); Shi et al. (2004); Rahman et al. (2009a). For example, a framework to generate automatically the visual terms (“keyblock”) is proposed in Zhu et al. (2002) by applying a vector quantization or clustering technique. It represents images similar to the “bags-of-words” based representation in a correlation-enhanced feature space. For the reliable identification of image elements, the work in Lim (2002) manually identifies the visual patches (“visual keywords”) from the sample images. n Jing et al. (2004), a compact and sparse representation of images is proposed based on the utilization of a region codebook generated by a clustering technique. A semantic 10
How Weak is the Weakest-Link Principle? On the Measurement of Firm Owners' Control Rights

The paper argues that the weakest link principle, which has been widely used as a measure of ultimate owners’ control rights, has a number of serious problems. A theoretically more satisfactory method of measuring control rights, based on voting power indices, is proposed, and the different measures are compared using a sample of large listed German firms. The different measures produce very different results. But, whichever measure is used, taking account of pyramid ownership structures has little effect on the values of control and cashflow rights. The results also show that neither first-tier nor ultimate control rights measures are adequate on their own, suggesting that further work on ownership structure and pyramids is required to obtain satisfactory measures of large owners’ control rights.
Overview of the Immune Dynamics of the Digestive System

Abstract The digestive tract of the chicken is a major site of pathogen exposure. Although the bird has a multifaceted set of tools to prevent or resist infection, any activation of the immune system can divert nutrients away from production. Therefore, prevention of pathogenic exposure is preferred. However, it is unlikely that the bird can escape exposure to all pathogens during its life, thus the ability to respond to immunologic challenges is essential. The immune system of birds is similar to that of mammals in terms of structure and function, although some differences do exist, particularly in regulatory aspects. The innate immune system responds nonspecifically to foreign molecules and is essential for the induction of the specific (acquired) immune response. Cells of the innate immune system include macrophages, dendritic cells, heterophils, and natural killer cells. The acquired immune response involves recognition of a specific antigen and response by lymphocytes. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are especially effective at inducing cells infected with intracellular pathogens to undergo apoptosis. Helper T lymphocytes increase the effectiveness of innate immune cells in combating extracellular pathogens and are also essential for activating B lymphocytes, which produce antibodies specific to the invading pathogen. All aspects of the immune system function together, although one aspect will often dominate, depending on the type and severity of the infection. This paper reviews the basics of avian immune function in general and discusses the immune system in the digestive tract in particular in birds. The consequences of activation of the immune system are presented. Currently, growth-promoting antibiotics are not used in poultry in many countries; the North American industry may be moving in that direction as well, either through legislation or consumer pressure. Several nonantibiotic means of manipulating the immune system to prevent the health- and performance-suppressing effects of immune system activation are presented here.
Recovery processes of the brown alga

The 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill and subsequent cleanup efforts left many shorelines in Prince Willlam Sound (Alaska, USA), especially In the higher tidal zones, mostly devoid of the domlnant intertidal alga FLICUS gardneri. Settlement and recruitment processes of F. gardnel-j were studied to determine the factors that can limit F. gardneri recolonizat~on Zygote settlement rates wel-e ~nitially lower a t oiled sites relative to unoiled sites, but increased to values similar to those for uno~led sites in the lower intertidal zones after 3 yr. In the upper intertidal, settlement rates after 3 yr had not yet converged with those at unoiled sites. The low settlement rates of F. gardneri at oiled sites were probably due to low densities of reproductive plants and limitcd egg dispersal. Settlement wds also negatively correlated to net flow of water The effect of substrate rugos~ty on settlement was investigated by using grooved ceramlc tiles. We found that grooves enhance survival and recruitment of germlings in the high intertidal zone. Germlings survived best initially In deep, narrow grooves. After 2 yr there were more recrults in medium width, deep grooves. Manipulation of F. gardneri canopy over tiles revealed that F, gal-dneri canopy ameliorated heat and desiccation stress, but a whiplash effect dislodged small plants. Overall the posltive effects of canopy were stronger than the negative effects. There were no significant herbivore effects on gerrnling survival, but both recruitment and average thallus size were increased in the absence of herbivores.
The unphysical character of dark energy fluids

Ronaldo C. Duarte, ∗ Edésio M. Barboza Jr., † Everton M. C. Abreu, 4, 5, ‡ and Jorge Ananias Neto § Departamento de Matemática e Estat́ıstica, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, 59610-210, Mossoró, RN, Brazil Departamento de F́ısica, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, 59610-210, Mossoró, RN, Brazil Grupo de F́ısica Teórica e F́ısica Matemática, Departamento de F́ısica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-971, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil Departamento de F́ısica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em F́ısica Aplicada, Instituto de F́ısica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (Dated: October 2, 2018)
Interactive comment on “Implications of albedo changes following afforestation on the benefits of forests as carbon sinks” by M. U. F. Kirschbaum

The reviewer correctly noticed that we had to rely on satellite observations to obtain our albedo data for pastures. In that context, the reviewer refers to our Figure 3b to deduce a systematic difference between satellite and ground-based observations. We are puzzled by that comment as Figure 3b only shows satellite-derived pasture albedo and ground-based forest albedo so that no systematic differences could be deduced
ObsPack : a framework for the preparation , delivery , and attribution of atmospheric greenhouse gas data

Observation Package (ObsPack) is a framework designed to bring together atmospheric greenhouse gas observations from a variety of sampling platforms, prepare them with specific applications in mind, and package and distribute them in a self-consistent and well-documented product. Data products created using the ObsPack framework (called “ObsPack products”) are intended to support carbon cycle modeling studies and represent a next generation of value-added greenhouse gas observation products modeled after the cooperative GLOBALVIEW products introduced in 1996. Depending on intended use, ObsPack products may include data in their original form reformatted using the ObsPack framework or may contain derived data consisting of averages, subsets, or smoothed representations of original data. All products include extensive ancillary information (metadata) intended to help ensure the data are used appropriately, their calibration and quality assurance history are clearly described, and that individuals responsible for the measurements (data providers or principal investigators (PIs)) are properly acknowledged for their work. ObsPack products are made freely available using a distribution strategy designed to improve communication between data providers and product users. The strategy includes a data usage policy that requires users to directly communicate with data providers and an automated e-mail notification system triggered when a product is accessed. ObsPack products will be assigned a unique digital object identifier (DOI) to ensure each product can be unambiguously identified in scientific literature. Here we describe the ObsPack framework and its potential role in supporting the evolving needs of both data providers and product users.
Distributed manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities

This discussion paper aims to set out the key challenges and opportunities emerging from distributed manufacturing (DM). We begin by describing the concept, available definitions and consider its evolution where recent production technology developments (such as additive and continuous production process technologies), digitisation together with infrastructural developments (in terms of IoT and big data) provide new opportunities. To further explore the evolving nature of DM, the authors, each of whom are involved in specific applications of DM research, examine through an expert panel workshop environment emerging DM applications involving new production and supporting infrastructural technologies. This paper presents these generalisable findings on DM challenges and opportunities in terms of products, enabling production technologies and the impact on the wider production and industrial system. Industry structure and location of activities are examined in terms of the democratising impact on participating network actors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the changing nature of manufacturing as a result of DM, from the traditional centralised, large-scale, long lead-time forecast-driven production operations to a new DM paradigm where manufacturing is a decentralised, autonomous near end user-driven activity. A forward research agenda is proposed that considers the impact of DM on the industrial and urban landscape.
Activating mutations of STAT5B and STAT3 in lymphomas derived from gamma delta-T or NK cells

Kucuk , C , Jiang , B , Hu , X , Zhang , W , Chan , J K C , Xiao , W , Lack , N , Alkan , C , Williams , J C , Avery , K N , Kavak , P , Scuto , A , Sen , E , Gaulard , P , Staudt , L , Iqbal , J , Zhang , W , Cornish , A , Gong , Q , Yang , Q , Sun , H , d'Amore , F , Leppa , S , Liu , W , Fu , K , de Leval , L , McKeithan , T & Chan , W C 2015 , ' Activating mutations of STAT5B and STAT3 in lymphomas derived from gamma delta-T or NK cells ' Nature Communications , vol. 6 , 6025 . https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7025
Efficiency and productivity change in the banking industry in Taiwan: domestic versus foreign banks

This study employs Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate the efficiency of domestic and foreign banks as well as the dynamics of efficiency change in Taiwan. The results indicate that domestic banks’ returns to scale are decreasing and that an oversize phenomenon exists in the Taiwanese banking industry. The most important mission of bank managers is to continue to adjust the size of their firms’ operating asset bases until they reach efficient levels. The foreign banks are not more efficient than domestic ones, but their productivity growth is better than that of domestic banks. This finding implies that less efficient banks have a higher incentive to use new technology to improve efficiency. The results show that the home field advantage hypothesis is supported in the case of the banking industry in Taiwan.
On the Cauchy problem of a two-dimesional Benjamin-Ono equation

In this work we shall show that the Cauchy problem \begin{equation} \left\{ \begin{aligned} &(u_t+u^pu_x+\mathcal H\partial_x^2u+ \alpha\mathcal H\partial_y^2u )_x - \gamma u_{yy}=0 \quad p\in{\nat} ux,y)=\phi{(x,y)} \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation} is locally well-posed in the Sobolev spaces $H^s({\re}^2)$, $X^s$ and weighted spaces $X_s(w^2)$, for $s>2$.
Challenges for modern wine production in dry areas: dedicated indicators to preview wastewater flows

Wine production is an important socio-economic activity in Mediterranean countries. This study is focused on wine production under warm and dry climate conditions in south Portugal, in two major wine-producing regions (Tejo and Alentejo), characterized by small to medium sized wineries. Vineyards have been expanding in this region of Portugal, where about 50–70% of the vineyards are irrigated, increasing regional water demand. The aim of this study is to propose an integrative approach for wine production, where a simple calculation model has been developed and validated to preview water consumption and wastewater production, as functions of winemaking periods and type of processed grapes. Results revealed a global ratio of 2.2 ± 0.45 and 2.1 ± 0.17 Lwater/Lwine. Concerning dedicated indicators, 60–75% of the wastewater was produced during Period I and the red wine production represented a 50–64% increase in water consumption. This tool will enable winemakers to calculate Global and Dedicated Indicators, based on their own parameters, which provide information on flow volumes and peak flows. In this context, it will be possible to identify improvements for wastewater treatment and management towards water reuse as a promising solution for the wine sector in the framework of the circular economy.
AN INVESTIGATION OF SENSORY EVALUATION OF FLAVOURED YOGHURTS MADE WITH DIFFERENT STARTER CULTURE DURING STORAGE

Six different yoghurts were prepared with mango pulp and pineapple essence and sugar combination with Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus sporogens, Bifido bifidum , Bifido longum , and Bifido infantis as starter culture. Three types of yoghurts were developed under each flavours, with different combination of probiotics and termed as A1, B1, C1, A2, B2 and C2. A1, B1, C1 were mango yoghurts and A2, B2 and C2 were pineapple yoghurts. Mean scores of Mango and Pineapple yoghurts were significantly different from each other only in one sensory attribute i.e., flavor (P < 0.001). Mango yoghurt had a higher scores for flavor and overall acceptability compared to pineapple yoghurts. The mango yoghurt B1 i.e., yoghurt fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus sporogenes was found to be highly acceptable.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on growth, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of muscle and fat in growing-finishing pigs *

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, muscle quality and fatty acid compositions in the skeletal muscle and backfat of growing-finishing pigs from 39.5 to 108.0 kg. Forty-eight pigs were randomly allotted to four diets containing 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5% of CLA mixture (35.2% cis-9, trans-11 and 37.5% trans-10, cis-12) for 12 weeks. The results showed that dietary CLA supplementation did not affect the animal’s growth performance and carcass characteristics, whereas significantly increased dry matter content of the Longissimus dorsi muscle (P<0.05). The CLA supplementation also increased the content of saturated fatty acids, but decreased (P<0.05) the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in both the backfat and Longissimus dorsi muscle. The CLA concentrations in the Longissimus dorsi muscle and backfat were increased linearly by the CLA supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. However, CLA cis-9, trans-11 and CLA trans10, cis-12 showed different deposition efficiencies in pigs.
An Examination of Culture and The Academy Awards Using Critical Discourse Analysis and a Foucauldian Framework

This paper explores film study, using the Academy Awards as a sampling tool to implement a Foucauldian theoretical approach. The researcher uses Critical Discourse Analysis to discuss issues of gender, race, and sexuality as presented in the roles winning Academy Awards for Best Leading Actor and Best Leading Actress. The study then discusses the demographic content analysis of these roles in comparison to cultural reality in order to examine the ideological attitudes inherent in the convergence of film production, consumption, and