Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of computer diagnosis of melanoma: a quantitative meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Recent developments in computer technology have raised expectations that fully automated diagnostic instruments will become available to diagnose cutaneous melanoma without the need of human expertise. OBJECTIVES To critically review the contemporary literature on computer diagnosis of melanoma, evaluate the accuracy of such computer diagnosis, analyze the influence of study characteristics, and compare the accuracy of computer diagnosis of melanoma with human diagnosis. METHODS Quantitative meta-analysis of published reports. DATA SOURCES Eligible studies were identified by a MEDLINE search covering the period from January 1991 to March 2002, by manual searches of the reference lists of retrieved articles, and by direct communication with experts. RESULTS Thirty studies with substantial differences in methodological quality were deemed eligible for meta-analysis. Five of these complied with the predetermined list of "good quality" requirements, but none met all methodological quality requirements. Ten of these studies compared the performance of computer diagnosis with human diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy achieved with computer diagnosis was statistically not different from that of human diagnosis (log odds ratios, 3.36 vs 3.51; P =.80). The diagnostic performance of the computer diagnosis was better for studies that used dermoscopic images than for studies that used clinical images (log odds ratios, 4.2 vs 3.4; P =.08). Other study characteristics did not significantly influence the accuracy of the computer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The computer diagnosis of melanoma is accurate under experimental conditions, but the practical value of automated diagnostic instruments under real-world conditions is currently unknown. We suggest minimum requirements for methodological quality in future experimental studies or, ideally, randomized controlled trials.
Analysis of the Performance of Mutual Funds Share (as an Alternative to Investing in Indonesian Mutual Funds)

Investment is the exchange of money with other forms of wealth such as shares or immovable property expected to be held for a certain period of time in order to generate income. It is also sacrifice of property at this moment to acquire future assets. Investing in capital markets is one way for the capitalist community to make a profit quickly. Investment in financial assets is one form of investment other than investment in real assets. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of risk on the return of fund, to know beta value of mutual fund and to know the difference of mutual fund performance based on Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen method. The period of this research is 2006 2010. The sample used is 13 equity funds or mutual funds. The results showed that risk has a significant effect on return, beta value of mutual fund is greater than one, and there is a significant difference of mutual fund performance. Keywords—investment; risk performance; mutual fund
A COMSOL approach to the analysis of a micro-scale piezoelectric cantilever beam: The effect of dimension parameters on the eigen frequency

Eigen frequency is one of the most important system responses to be considered while designing a micro-scale piezoelectric cantilever beam. This paper investigates and analyzes the effect of dimension parameters of a micro-scale piezoelectric cantilever beam on its eigen frequency. The beam is assumed to be made of silicon. Structural mechanics based finite element analysis is carried out in the environment of COMSOL multiphysics software for the study. It is seen that length and thickness have continuous effect on the eigen frequency; whereas, the effect of width is discontinuous.
RNA Polymerase II Subunits 2, 3, and 11 Form a Core Subassembly with DNA Binding Activity*

RNA polymerase II purified from the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe consists of 10 species of subunit polypeptide. We introduced a histidine cluster tag sequence into the chromosomal rpb1 and rpb3 genes, which encode subunit 1 (Rpb1) and subunit 3 (Rpb3), respectively, and purified the RNA polymerase by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. After stepwise dissociation of the Rpb1- and Rpb3-tagged RNA polymerases fixed on Ni2+-resin by increasing concentrations of urea or guanidium hydrochloride, Rpb2-Rpb3-Rpb11 or Rpb2-Rpb3-Rpb11-Rpb10 complexes were obtained. Since the complex consisting of Rpb2, Rpb3, and Rpb11 cannot be dissociated even after treatment with 6m urea buffer, we propose that this complex represents a core subassembly of the RNA polymerase II, analogous to the α2β complex in the assembly of Escherichia coliRNA polymerase. Both the Rpb2-Rpb3-Rpb11 complex and the free Rpb1 protein showed DNA binding activity, although the affinity was weaker compared with the intact RNA polymerase.
Reduced functional cerebral lateralization: a biomarker of schizophrenia?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using language tasks have sought biomarkers to discriminate schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) (1, 2). Nevertheless, the question of the specificity of such cerebral markers must be considered in light of the debate around the nosological delimitation of both disorders (3). In patients with SZ, the diminution of leftward functional hemispheric lateralization for language has been consistently reported (4–9). However, it is unclear whether this characteristic is specific to SZ or associated with psychosis in general. To our knowledge, no study has investigated functional lateralization in patients with both SZ and BP. The present study aimed to determine whether reduced functional leftward lateralization for language is specific to patients with SZ. Twenty-seven patients with SZ, 13 patients with BP (DSM-IV), and 54 healthy control subjects (HC), who were all right-handed, were recruited after informed written consent and agreement of the local ethics committee. All patients were stabilized, with no change of treatment during the previous four months. The clinical state of patients with SZ was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (Table 1). The paradigm consisted of listening to a factual story in French, alternated with the same story in Tamil, a task known to activate high-level language areas such as the semantic network (6). Presentation of the stimulus followed a block design, with nine alternating 32-sec blocks of speech in either Tamil (five blocks) or French (four blocks). Participants were instructed to passively and attentively listen to the story. Shortly after scanning, subjects were asked to answer a 16-item questionnaire which provided a comprehension score for each subject, rated on a 20-point scale. Anatomical T1-weighted and T2-weighted volumes and T2*-weighted functional volumes were acquired using a 3-Tesla scanner (Philips Healthcare France, Suresnes, France). The native T1-weighted volumes of each participant were non-linearly and spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute template, using SPM5 software (Statistical Parametric Mapping, Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK, http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm). The fMRI data from each functional run were corrected for differences in time acquisition between slices and for head motion, and then registered rigidly onto the structural T2-weighted image which, in turn, registered to the T1-weighted image. Data
Technology Transfer and the Tech Broker

Technology transfer is the process of transferring an idea from its originator to someone who can use it. Typically, this implies the transfer of research developed in academia to industry. While there's no dearth of technologies that academic researchers have available and are anxious to transfer, precious little technology transfer involving academia takes place, at least in the software development community. Why don't we see more tech transfer in our field? What the software community needs is an infrastructure that matches researchers with adopters at a specific point in time and helps them overcome the administrative barriers. One example of a successful technology broker is SERC, a two-decade-old consortium of industrial organizations and universities that facilitates the brokering of technology transfer from academia to industry.
Public Procurement of Innovation Production in Russia

На сегодняшний день одним из перспективных способов преобразования национальной экономики является использование инструмента государственных закупок инновационной продукции. Тем не менее, существующие проблемные зоны в контрактной системе, такие как: слабый спрос на инновации, ограничительные барьеры для участия в закупках для малого инновационного бизнеса не позволяют в полной мере реализовать имеющийся потенциал. Проблемой внедрения инновационных закупок является также отсутствие единых критериев инновационности продукции, необходимость разработки унифицированного понятийнокатегориального аппарата, на основе которого было бы возможно сформулировать практические рекомендации по применению закупок инновационной и высокотехнологичной продукции для государственных и муниципальных нужд. Законы No 44-ФЗ и No 223-ФЗ являются инструментами, которые могли бы позволить обеспечить процесс вывода закупок, стимулирующих производство инновационной и высокотехнологичной продукции, для чего, в том числе, представляется релевантным создание соответствующих реестров инновационной продукции и производящих ее поставщиков. Кроме этого, необходимо изменить приоритет ценовых критериев и при оценке эффективности проведения закупок рассматривать не только достигнутый в рамках процедур уровень снижения цены, а также уровень удовлетворения потребностей заказчика, в том числе за счет инновационных характеристик предоставляемых товаров, работ, услуг. Таким образом, представляется актуальным исследовать возможность более активного включения инновационного компонента в закупаемые государственными и муниципальными заказчиками товары, работы и услуги. Ключевые слова: Инновационная продукция; повышение конкурентоспособности; модель показателей результативности деятельности; государственные закупки.
Investigating the Appropriateness of Admission and Hospitalization at a Teaching Hospital: A Case of a Developing Country

Background: Reduction of inappropriate use of health services can decrease health care costs without harming the quality of services. This study aimed to investigate inappropriate admission and hospitalization at Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman, Iran. Methods: Inappropriate admission and hospitalization were assessed via a cross-sectional study on 400 patients in Kerman Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran in 2015. The Iranian version of the Appropriateness Assessment Protocol was used for data collection. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The rate of inappropriate admissions and hospitalization were 7.6% and 9% respectively. There was no significant relationship between inappropriate admissions and any of the studied variables; however, there was a significant relationship between inappropriate hospitalization and age, length of stay and hospital departments. Conclusion: If standard measures of admission and hospitalization execute correctly, unnecessary hospitalization rate can be reduced, so more patients can be treated and cost and workload of hospital personnel can be moderated.
Metabolism of the Glucosyl Diglycerides and Phosphatidylglucose of Staphylococcus aureus

A glucose containing lipid, phosphatidylglucose (probably 3-sn-phosphatidyl-1′-glucose) and a lipid tentatively identified as phosphatidylethanolamine have been characterized in the lipids of Staphylococcus aureus. These lipids together comprise less than 2% of the total phospholipids of exponentially growing S. aureus and accumulate to 14% of the total phospholipid in stationary-phase cells. These lipids lost no 32P when cells grown with H332PO4 were transferred to nonradioactive medium during the exponential growth phase. This was in marked contrast to the other phospholipids which lost 32P rapidly. The loss of 32P from phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin in exponentially growing cells was biphasic, suggesting heterogeneity of phospholipid phosphate metabolism. The mono- and diglucosyl diglycerides showed a rapid loss of 14C-glucose during growth in nonradioactive medium but no loss of 14C from the fatty acids of these lipids. The 14C in the glucose and fatty acids of the glucosyl diglycerides was derived from glucose.
Obtaining the secondary impedance of single-sided linear induction motor with a double layer reaction rail: a new approach

In the performance calculations of single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM),the equivalent circuit technique (ECT) is used. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for obtaining the secondary impedance of single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) with a double layer reaction rail by using the layered secondary model. The proposed method improves the ECT technique by considering the saturation effect and the non-linear complex equivalent relative permeability. This study also examines the contributions of other electromagnetic effects, such as longitudinal end effect and transverse edge effect as well. Our method is applied to the SLIM and computed results of the method are compared to the experimental results of the previous studies. This evaluation proved that the outcomes of the proposed method are in accordance with the experimental results widely studied in the literature.
Estimation of Beneficiary’s Willingness to Pay in Mid․Down-Stream Area to the Water Quality Improvements in Upper Bukhan River Basin

Water resource is one of natural resources with migratory public goods, which means that it is hard to efficiently manage it because of the institutional incompleteness and non-existence of the market price. Both domestic and international conflicts about water resource's property right have been in progress and turn out to happen more frequently when the water resources are more scarce. The purpose of the research is to estimate willingness to pay for the muddy water prevention program and water quality improvements to Soyang river in Gangwon-do by using contingent ***** 본 논문은 강원지역환경기술개발센터의 연구비 지원에 의하여 수행된 연구를 바탕으로 작성되었습니다. ** 강원대학교 농업자원경제학과 교수(Professor, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Kangwon National University) *** 한국환경정책평가연구원 연구원(Researcher, Korea Environment Institute), Corresponing Author(E-mail: chjeon@kei.re.kr, Tel: 02-380-7713) **** 한국농촌경제연구원 연구원(Researcher, Korea Rural Economic Institute) ***** 명지대학교 강사(Lecturer, Myoungji University) 92 서울도시연구 제10권 제4호 2009. 12 valuation, in which it is the upper stream of Paldang dam and Han river to provide Seoul, Gyunggi, and Incheon with drinking water and other water resource uses. They benefit from the muddy water prevention program when Gangwon-do begins to introduce the program. On the result of estimation the willingness to pay to install the muddy water prevention program shows in average ₩3091 per month from 1379 household observations and on the regional basis, Gyunggi ₩3325, Seoul ₩3089, and Incheon ₩1216 are elicited. The estimated willingness to pay is occupied about 50~60 per cent of the household’s water cost per month in 2005. Hence the willingness to pay derived from the study appears to be the appropriate level to this water quality improvement program introduction in comparison of those previous research results.
ROLE OF THE EU, THE USA AND BRICS COUNTRIES IN GLOBAL TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES AND SELECTED DETERMINANTS

The aim of this paper is to present changes in the role of EU countries, the USA and BRICS countries in international trade of goods and services and selected macroeconomic determinants of trade exchange in the analysed countries in the years 1960–2015 together with the projection of potential development of the situation until 2070. Investigated macroeconomic trade conditions included population size, GDP, GDP per capita and the inflation rate. Naive forecasting methods were used to estimate selected characteristics, as well as export and import volumes, considering their development trends. The analyses showed that currently, the largest global trade centres, i.e. the EU and the USA, are losing their share in global GDP. Their share in global exports and imports is decreasing to the advantage of BRICS countries. The simulation up to 2070 showed that the trends observed in previous years may be increasing, while the position of the EU and the USA in world trade may be weakening.
Effects of converter pulses on the electrical insulation in low and medium voltage motors

A new IEC test specification is under development for the insulation systems used in converter-driven machines with the aim of providing manufacturers with a reliable means to quality insulation systems for use in converter-fed machines and users with confidence that the machines they purchase contain insulation that is fit for their intended purposes. Much of the qualification testing for insulation systems subject to converter voltages may be undertaken with existing 50/60 Hz equipment. However, for testing of complete coils in low voltage machines, an impulse generator and an impulse PD test set are required. For large machines, which have stress-graded endwindings, it will be necessary for a source of converter voltage to be available.
What is the Relation Between Public Manager Compensation and Government Effectiveness

Public managers play a central role in public administration to support the overall efficiency with appropriate public policies. In several countries, the public considers the central government senior managers overpaid. These executive compensations tend to be considered disproportionate and in-equitable in relation to the activity and results of public managers. A growing literature has analysed the possible determinants and consequences of higher levels of compensation in public and private organizations. However, a main question unknown is how the levels of compensation of public managers are related to the capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement sound policies. The findings of this study, based on OECD and World Bank data, show that the government effectiveness and regulatory quality of nations seem to be negatively associated to high levels of compensation for central government senior manager, standardized with GDP per capita of countries. This study also shows that some possible factors of the findings can be due to low level of freedom of expression, rule of law and corruption control of some countries. These results provide fruitful insights to support best practices in public administration based on salaries in-centive-oriented that may stimulate public managers’ work and enhance the national government effectiveness of countries.
Seasonal Distribution of Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses and Reoviruses in Urban River Water

In the 63‐month period from January 1988 to March 1993, monthly levels of adenoviruses, enteroviruses (coxsackie B, polio, echo) and reoviruses in the urban river water in Nara Prefecture, Japan were in the range 0‐25, 0‐190 and 0‐325, plaque forming units per liter (PFU/liter), and the average levels were 2.4, 40.6 and 56.2 PFU/liter, respectively. The peak reovirus level was found in winter during the cold weather months (Nov. to Mar.). The peak enterovirus level was found in summer (May to Sept.) but continued to be found in autumn‐winter (Oct. to Jan.) from 1991 to 1993. The levels of adenoviruses were low throughout all 5 years, as compared to those of reoviruses and enteroviruses. Polioviruses were isolated following the administration of vaccine. Although a changing pattern of serotype prevalence was seen with the coxsackie B viruses and echoviruses from 1988 to 1993, this is not so for polioviruses, which remained almost unchanged for the five‐year period. Adenoviruses were isolated throughout all five years, though in small numbers. Reoviruses were isolated most frequently throughout five years.
Dasatinib as a Single Agent in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Results of an Open-Label Phase 2 Study

Purpose: Dasatinib is a potent, oral SRC-family kinase inhibitor with preclinical antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and antiosteoclastic activity suggesting dasatinib sensitivity in triple-negative, or basal-like, breast cancer cell lines. This phase 2 trial assessed efficacy and safety of single-agent dasatinib in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Experimental Design: Female patients with measurable, locally advanced or metastatic TNBC initially received dasatinib 100 mg twice daily (BID); to improve tolerability, the protocol was amended and subsequent patients received 70 mg BID. Primary endpoint was Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors–defined objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), safety, and limited pharmacokinetics. Results: Of the 44 treated patients, 43 were response evaluable. ORR was 4.7%: two patients had confirmed partial responses lasting 14 and 58 weeks, respectively. Of 11 patients with stable disease, two continued for more than 16 weeks, thus protocol-defined DCR was 9.3%. Median PFS was 8.3 weeks (95% CI: 7.3–15.3). Five patients discontinued before first tumor assessment. No grade 4 adverse events (AE) were reported; grade 3 AEs occurring in more than 5% of patients were fatigue (9.1%), diarrhea, pleural effusion, and dyspnea (all 6.8%). Laboratory abnormalities were uncommon. Dasatinib at 100 mg BID was not well tolerated; rates of treatment interruption, dose reduction, and serious AEs were lower with dasatinib 70 mg BID. Conclusions: Single-agent dasatinib has limited activity in unselected patients with TNBC. Dasatinib 70 mg BID was better tolerated than 100 mg BID. Future studies will investigate dasatinib in other breast cancer settings, including chemotherapy combinations. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6905–13. ©2011 AACR.
Interaction with Factor Associated with Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation, a WD Motif-Containing Protein, Identifies Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 as a Novel Component of the Signaling Pathways of the p55 TNF Receptor1

Factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation (FAN) represents a p55 TNFR (TNF-R55)-associated protein essential for the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase. By means of the yeast interaction trap system, we have identified the scaffolding protein receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK)1 as an interaction partner of FAN. Mapping studies in yeast revealed that RACK1 is recruited to the C-terminal WD-repeat region of FAN and binds to FAN through a domain located within WD repeats V to VII of RACK1. Our data indicate that binding of both proteins is not mediated by linear motifs but requires folding into a secondary structure, such as the multibladed propeller characteristic of WD-repeat proteins. The interaction of FAN and RACK1 was verified in vitro by glutathione S-transferase-based coprecipitation assays as well as in eukaryotic cells by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Colocalization studies in transfected cells suggest that TNF-R55 forms a complex with FAN and that this complex recruits RACK1 to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, activation of N-SMase by TNF was strongly enhanced when RACK1, FAN, and a noncytotoxic TNF-R55 mutant were expressed concurrently, suggesting RACK1 as a modulator of N-SMase activation. Together, these findings implicate RACK1 as a novel component of the signaling pathways of TNF-R55.