Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Commercial Soybean Cultivars from the Mid South to Soybean Mosaic Virus

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most important viral diseases, causing drastic reductions in seed yield and quality. Seven SMV strains, G1 through G7, have been identified, and three resistance loci, Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4, have been reported in the United States. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reactions of a set of modern soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] cultivars to SMV and to deduce which previously reported genes were involved in resistance. A total of 303 cultivars currently grown in the mid-southern United States were screened in the greenhouse with six SMV strains (G1, G2, G3, G5, G6, and G7). The results demonstrated that 189 cultivars were susceptible to all six SMV strains. Three cultivars were resistant to G1, G2, G3, G5, and G6 but developed stem-tip necrosis after infection with G7, so these were presumed to carry the Rsv1 allele. Sixty-six cultivars were resistant to G1 through G3 but susceptible to G5 through G7 and presumably carry Rsv1-y. One cultivar was resistant to G1 through G3 but necrotic to G5 through G7 and may carry Rsv1-k. Two cultivars probably carry Rsv1-t because they were resistant to G1, G2, G5, and G6 but necrotic to G3 and G7, and another two cultivars may carry Rsv1-n because they were necrotic to G1, G2, G5, and G6 but susceptible to G2 and G7. Four cultivars were susceptible to G1 through G3 but resistant to G5 through G7, and therefore they may carry Rsv3. Two cultivars were resistant to all six SMV strains, and therefore they may carry Rsv4, Rsv1-h, or two-gene combinations. There were 34 cultivars exhibiting unique SMV reaction patterns that may carry novel genes or alleles, including 23 cultivars that may carry novel alleles at the Rsv1 locus and 11 that may carry novel alleles at the Rsv3 locus. The results from this study can be used by breeders to choose resistant cultivars as parents in soybean breeding programs and by producers to select resistant cultivars in areas where SMV is a disease of concern for soybean production.
Digestion ruminale et absorption intestinale des protéines du lupin extrudé chez la vache laitière

Four lactating cows fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were used to study the effect of extrusion of whole lupin seeds at 195 degrees C (Lupinus albus cv Lublanc) on organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation in the rumen and their flow to and absorption from the small intestine. Raw whole lupin seeds (RWLS) and extruded whole lupin seeds (EWLS) were fed in diets containing 15.5% crude protein and composed of 22.6% whole lupin seeds, 56.5% corn silage, 10.2% corn grain and 10.7% Italian ray-grass on a DM basis, supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Chromium ethylenediaminotetraacetic (Cr-EDTA) and ytterbium chloride (YbCl3) were used as liquid and particulate markers respectively, while purines and 15N ammonium sulfate were utilized as bacterial markers. Cows fed EWLS had a similar ruminal ammonia N and volatile fatty acid concentrations and efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis compared to those fed the RWLS diet. Total tract OM and N digestion were not affected by inclusion of EWLS instead of RWLS; the corresponding mean values were 70 and 71%. Apparent degradation of OM and N in the rumen were 44 and 64% for diets containing RWLS, and 40 and 39% for EWLS diets. Feeding diets including EWLS both increased non ammonia N and dietary N flow to the duodenum compared with diets containing RWLS (472 vs 357 g/d) and (263 vs 153 g/d) respectively. Absorption from the small intestine (g/d and % entering) of dietary N was higher for EWLS diets (146 vs 62 g/d; 34 vs 15%). The PDIA, PDIE and PDIN contents (g/kg of DM) of RWLS were 18, 94 and 245 respectively; the corresponding values after extrusion were 145, 220 and 220.
An early Oligocene stem Galbulae (jacamars and puffbirds) from southern France, and the position of the Paleogene family Sylphornithidae

ABSTRACT Together, puffbirds (Bucconidae) and jacamars (Galbulidae) form the suborder Galbulae, sister group of all other Piciformes. Hitherto, the Galbulae had no ascertained pre-Pleistocene fossil record, and all previous alleged candidates have been refuted, except possibly the Sylphornithidae. Here we describe a wing of a tiny fossil bird from the early Oligocene of the Luberon region (southern France), which we assign to the Galbulae, as a new genus and species. Several characters, especially of the ulna and wing phalanx 1 of digit II, exclude the Passeriformes and Zygodactylidae, and indicate a representative of the Piciformes. Among Piciformes, absence of papillae remigales caudales and several characters of the wing phalanx 1 of digit II make it possible to assign the fossil to the Galbulae, and exclude all other clades. The fossil Sylphornithidae, with the carpometacarpus of Sylphornis being available, show some similarity with the Luberon fossil. The combination of features of the wing elements leads to the placement of the new fossil as stem Galbulae, and tentatively within the family Sylphornithidae. As such, it fills a gap and permits to better assign the whole enigmatic tiny sylphornithids, otherwise essentially known from leg bones. This yields the first firm pre-Pleistocene fossil record for the Galbulae. Today, both the Bucconidae and Galbulidae live exclusively in tropical America. The presence of stem Galbulae in the Oligocene of Europe, and probably the late Eocene, is a new example of a present-day Neotropical clade that had stem representatives in the Paleogene of Europe. LAY SUMMARY A new fossil bird, named Jacamatia luberonensis, found in France and aged 30 myr, is the first pre-Pleistocene fossil for the whole suborder Galbulae (jacamars and puffbirds). The evolution of the total group Galbulae, now an exclusively tropical American clade, involved the Old World. Tentative placement of Jacamatia luberonensis in the fossil family Sylphornithidae helps to clarify the position of the latter enigmatic group of tiny, long-legged piciform birds.
Relationships between a Fish Index of Biotic Integrity and Mean Length and Density of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Wisconsin Streams

Abstract Native brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and introduced brown trout Salmo trutta support important recreational fisheries in Wisconsin, and coldwater index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores are often used to determine the quality of stream environments for these trout. To successfully manage biotic communities and fish populations, it is important to understand the relationships among metrics of interest. We quantified the relationships among the catch per linear meter (CPE) of brook trout and brown trout, their mean total lengths, and the coldwater fish IBI scores in second-order and third-order streams in Wisconsin. Brook trout CPE increased as coldwater IBI score increased, but there was no significant relationship between brown trout CPE and IBI score. The mean length of brown trout decreased as coldwater IBI score increased; the mean length of brook trout and IBI score were not significantly related. The mean lengths of both brook and brown trout decreased with increasing CPE. Balancing the m.
An α2‐macroglobulinlike activity in the blood of chelicerate and mandibulate arthropods

The az-macroglobulins are large molecular weight proteinase- binding proteins that inhibit the ability of proteinases to hydrolyze protein substrates without suppressing activity against amide or ester substrates. They are also able to protect the active site of bound proteinases from active site inhibitors of suitably high molecular weight. The ability to protect the amidolytic activity of trypsin from the macromolecular active site inhibitor, soybean trypsin inhibitor, was used to demonstrate an az-macroglobulinlike activity in the blood of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus and the crustaceans Libinia emarginata (the spider crab) and Cancer borealis (the Jonah crab). The az-macroglobulinlike activities of L. polyphemus and L. emar- ginata are sensitive to methylamine, but that of C. borealis is relatively insensitive. The molecular weights (mw) of the trypsin-protecting proteins in L. ernarginata and C. borealis, estimated from gelfiltration studies, are, respec- tively, 480 x lo3 and 460 x lo3, and are significantly smaller than that of L. polyphemus (Mr = 570 x lo3).
NBI 30775 (R121919), an orally active antagonist of the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) type‐1 receptor for the treatment of anxiety and depression

Since the discovery of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), extensive research has attempted to provide novel treatment strategies for diseases related to the malfunctions of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) system. In depression, cerebrospinal fluid levels of CRF are higher than that in normal individuals. Specifically, increased CRF signaling via the CRF1 receptor is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of major depression and anxiety disorders. Consequently, a number of compounds have been in various stages of development targeting the postulated overactivity of CRF/CRF1‐receptor signaling. NBI 30775, also known as R121919, is a potent, selective, and functional antagonist of the human CRF1 receptor that was being developed as a potentially novel treatment for anxiety and depression. In pharmacological assays in vitro, NBI 30775 was shown to be a potent functional antagonist at the CRF1 receptor, while having little affinity at the CRF2 receptor subtype. In animal studies, this translated into central CRF1 receptor inhibition determined by ex vivo binding studies. NBI 30775 was able to reduce stress‐induced elevations of plasma ACTH. It also exhibited behavioral effects in several animal models measuring both anxiety and depression, which included elevate plus maze, defense withdrawal, and tail suspension tests. Finally, in an open‐label dose‐escalation Phase 2a clinical study in patients with major depressive disorder, NBI 30775 was able to reduce the scores on self‐rated or physician‐administered depression scales in the patients. Although there were no untoward effects seen in the Phase 2a study, the clinical development of this compound was discontinued because of a reversible elevation of liver enzyme activity in two healthy volunteers in a parallel Phase I dose‐escalation study. This first clinical experience has certainly had a positive impact in the efforts to find a safe CRF1 receptor antagonist as a novel therapeutic for depression‐ and anxiety‐related disorders. Drug Dev. Res. 65:216–226, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Common Extraneous Citation Optimizing Factors on Journal Impact Indicators

Influence of a research journal is usually assessed in contemporary academia by Journal Impact Factor (JIF) given by Journal Citation Reports (JCR) published annually by Clarivate Analytics. JCR also provides Journal Immediacy Index (JII), an additional citation parameter which indicates current impact of journals. These citation based measures are simple arithmetic mean of raw citation counts to source publications. It is opined and empirically tested that three major extraneous citation optimizing factors i.e., Author self-citation (ASC), Journal self-citation (JSC) and Recitation (RC) can inflate these popular citation based metrics. This study examines nineteen Scopus index Library and Information Science (LIS) journals to understand individual as well as unified effects of these three optimizing factors on three popular impact indicators i.e., 2-year JIF, 3-year JIF and JII. It is found that ASC and JSC have noticeable effects on these impact indicators. Further, it is observed that these impact indicators exhibit very poor correlation among them when their values are deduced from raw citation counts, though all of them express simple arithmetic mean values. However, modified impact indicators calculated after excluding citations due to these optimizing factors, exhibit moderate to strong correlation among them. It is therefore concluded that more refined method that can automatically exclude the effect of these optimizing factors in their derivation may be needed for fair assessment of a journal’s relative impact in scholarly communication.
Integrating Energy Management of Autonomous Smart Grids in Electricity Market Operation

This study presents a market operation model integrated with energy management programs of independent smart grids using bilevel optimization. In this framework, autonomous smart grid entities, in the lower levels, operate their own networks and send decisions to the upper level market operator that clears the day ahead market based on unit commitment and second order conic AC power flow models. A single-leader multi-follower game is thus developed, in which every smart grid derives optimal schedules of its own renewable energy resources, storage devices, and responsive demands that are interconnected through a distribution grid using mixed integer linear programming. Given the mixed integer nature of the upper and lower level decisions, we develop and customize an exact reformulation-decomposition method to compute this bilevel optimization program. Through numerical experiments performed on three test systems, we demonstrate that the proposed modeling paradigm can accurately represent the physics of the transmission and distribution grids and achieves reasonable results with significant computational efficacy.
A Broadband High-Efficiency Continuous Class-AB Power Amplifier for Millimeter-Wave 5G and SATCOM Phased-Array Transmitters

A broadband and compact harmonic-tuned power amplifier (PA) is presented for 5G and mobile satellite communication (SATCOM). A noninverting 1:1 transformer is the core of the output matching and provides an embedded second harmonic trap in a compact layout. The proposed PA is fabricated by the BiCMOS SiGe-8XP technology. At $P_{1\,\text {dB}}$ , an output power of 11 dBm and a collector efficiency of more than 30% from 30 to 39 GHz are achieved. The PA has a single-ended topology with electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, which is well suited for deployment in the output stage of the multichannel beamformer transmitter (TX) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMICs). Detailed analysis, design methodology, and experimental results are presented.
Signal Selection for Oscillation Monitoring With Guarantees on Data Recovery Under Corruption

Insights are developed into grouping PMU signals for guaranteeing data recovery under sparse corruption. Analytical relations are derived to express the denseness of the subspace spanned by a measurement window in terms of the modal observabilities of its constituent signals. It is shown that grouping signals by minimizing variation in phase angles and amplitudes of observabilities for each poorly-damped mode minimizes the numerical-rank of the measurement window, enhances denseness of the subspace, and helps in attaining the sufficiency condition guaranteeing exact recovery using Robust Principal Component Analysis-based signal reconstruction methods. These insights are structured into lemmas and propositions for signal selection and are validated on synthetic data from IEEE test systems, as well as field PMU data from a US utility.
Design of a Vertically Polarized Patch Antenna With Switchable Near-Endfire Beam Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

In this letter, a vertically polarized patch antenna with switchable endfire beam is proposed. The basic structure of the antenna is an array of three square patches where three shorting pins are vertically placed along the midlines of each one. The philosophy behind this is coupling two distinctive modes such that their respective radiation away from one end of antenna are doubled and are canceled out from the other. Here, characteristic mode analysis is given and has provided useful guidelines to the best choices of modes and optimal coupling from perspectives of gain and sidelobe level. With a compact size, the patch antenna can generate vertically polarized near-endfire pattern with gain up to 5.19 dBi and sidelobe levels (SLL) down to –15 dB around 2.17 GHz. Furthermore, the beam can be converted to its mirrored one as the single feed is switched between two symmetrical ports.
Oestrogen Receptor‐α and ‐β Immunoreactivity in Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Neurones after Ovariectomy and Chronic Exposure to Oestradiol

Oestradiol exerts negative‐ and positive‐feedback actions on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion by modulating gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Furthermore, a chronic increase in circulating oestradiol in either young ovariectomized (OVX) rats, or in middle‐aged persistent oestrous (PE) rats, causes a gradual attenuation of LH surges until the positive‐feedback action of oestradiol disappears. Based on these findings, and on the equivocal evidence regarding a direct action of oestradiol on GnRH neurones, we tested the hypothesis that chronic oestradiol abolishes LH surges by decreasing the proportion of GnRH neurones containing oestrogen receptor (ER)α or β. Regularly cycling rats were ovariectomized, and half immediately received oestradiol. Three days, or 2 or 4 weeks later, rats were perfused at 18.00 h, and GnRH was colocalized with ERα or ERβ by immunocytochemistry. ERβ was expressed in 76% of GnRH neurones, whereas virtually no GnRH cells were immunopositive for ERα. The proportion of GnRH cells expressing ERα or β in OVX rats was not altered by oestradiol or time after OVX, and this was the case regardless of their medial to lateral, or rostral to caudal location. The results indicate that the mechanisms for the positive‐feedback action of oestradiol, and the loss of LH surges in OVX rats after chronic oestradiol, are not mediated by changes in the proportion of oestrogen‐receptor containing GnRH neurones.
Spatial and temporal variation in demography of a house sparrow metapopulation

1. In order to compare spatial and temporal variation in the demography of a metapopulation of house sparrows living on four islands off the coast of Northern Norway, we computed the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) for three transitions between years, using a projection matrix model. 2. The mean growth rate of the metapopulation was positive (λ = 1·05). 3. Large variation was found in space and time in the asymptotic growth rate. Even though the standard deviations of the estimates were large, λ was significantly greater than 1 on one island in 2 out of 3 years. In contrast, λ significantly less than 1 occurred on an island on five occasions. 4. Decomposition of the magnitude of the spatial and temporal components of λ showed that one year (1995) had a particularly negative impact on λ. In contrast, one island had a great positive effect. 5. These differences in λ were most closely related to variation in the juvenile survival rate and in the fecundity rate, which, in turn, was closely related to variation both in space and time in the proportion of the eggs that produced a fledgling. 6. As expected from the large spatio-temporal variation in λ, the sensitivities and the elasticities of λ to variation in the different elements in the projection-matrix also differed both in space and time. When λ was small, it was most influenced by variation in adult survival rate. In contrast, for large λ, it was most sensitive to variation in the recruitment rate. 7. We suggest that conditions during the breeding season determine whether a population acts as a source or sink in this temperate small passerine metapopulation, and that the ratio of juveniles to adults can be used to characterize populations as sources or sinks. 8. These results demonstrate large variation in space and time in the demography of a small passerine metapopulation. These differences result from a combination of regional effects on the whole metapopulation, and factors that occur at one particular island in a single year.
Redescription of Mastacembelus liberiensis Boulenger, 1898 and description of a new West African spiny-eel (Synbranchiformes: Mastacembelidae) from the Konkoure River basin, Guinea

Mastacembelus liberiensis Boulenger, 1898 of West Africa is discussed with reference to its distribution within the Konkoure River basin (Guinea). The synonymies of M. reticulatus Boulenger, 1911 and M. laticauda Ahl, 1937 with M. liberiensis are both confirmed. Further, intraspecific meristic, morphometric and colour pattern variation within M. liberiensis is documented and discussed. Finally, a new species, M. kakrimensis sp. nov., endemic to the Konkoure River basin is identified and described. # 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Employment of mixed mode in single-layer microstrip antenna for ISM/WiMAX/WLAN/4G/Sub 6 GHz 5G mobile communication

ABSTRACT The design and development of multiband antenna for useful operating bands are the current state-of-the-art research in the field of antenna research. A simple and single-layer printed multiband radiation structure eliminates the packaging complexity of modern communication devices. The present investigation proposes such simple and single-layer multiband antenna for ISM 2.5 GHz/WiMax 3.5 GHz/WLAN 5.2 GHz/ISM 5.8 GHz wireless application for 4G LTE and sub 6 GHz 5G spectrum. The proposed antenna can completely cover the required frequencies with good radiation characteristics at the broadside direction. The design has been carried out using the RT duroid 5870 substrate (ϵr = 2.33, height h = 1.575 mm) for simulation and measurements. In the proposed patch antenna, the slots have been judiciously used to employ mixed modal behaviour which capitulates multiple useful bands with proper bore-sight radiation.
Sulphate mass balances of Precambrian Shield wetlands; the influence of catchment hydrogeology

The sulphate budgets of two valley-bottom conifer swamps, located in headwater catchments with contrasting till depth, typical of the southern Canadian Shield were determined from June 1990 to August 1992. Temporal variations in the retention of SO42− in both swamps were related to the magnitude of upland runoff and water level in the wetlands. Contrasts in catchment till depth and nature of groundwater flow resulted in differences in SO42− retention between years and swamps. Transient groundwater inputs entering the swamp in the thin-till catchment resulted in a large water-table drawdown during dry summers, export of SO42− the following fall, and low annual SO42− retention. Continuous discharge of groundwater into the swamp in the moderate-till catchment maintained saturated surfaces and efficient SO42− retention during both years with dry and wet summers. Greater SO42− retention in this swamp may also be contributed by the greater interaction of groundwater, rich in SO42−, with deeper peat. Data from t.
One Less Reason Why: Viewing of Suicide-Themed Fictional Media is Associated with Lower Depressive Symptoms in Youth

ABSTRACT Concerns about whether fictional media can have a contagion effect on youth viewers have been debated for several decades. In the 1980s these led to several lawsuits featuring heavy metal acts as defendants. More recently, concerns have been renewed following the popular television show 13 Reasons Why which depicts an adolescent girl’s suicide. The current study examines these concerns in a survey study of 174 youth and their caregivers. Results indicated that, contrary to concerns, viewing suicide themed fictional shows was associated with reduced depressive symptomology and was not associated with suicidal ideation specifically. Depression and suicidal ideation were most associated with experiencing with others’ suicides in real life, family environment, bullying and neurotic personality traits. The show 13 Reasons Why specifically was associated with either lower depression or suicidal ideation or null effects, depending on specific outcome. Although correlational, this evidence suggests that suicide prevention efforts should focus less on fictional media and more on prevention of bullying.