Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current, catch and weight composition of yellowfin tuna with FADs off Okinawa island, Japan

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a main target for the fisheries at Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) off the south of Okinawa island. Catch and weight composition of the tuna were monitored at a fisheries cooperative market from 1989 to 1998. Some distinct weight groups (considered to represent cohorts) appeared in the catch and the weight of these groups increased monthly - presumably as individual tuna grew. Although small, light weight fish were caught year-round, the 2 kg weight group that was recruited in May grew to about 15 kg by May of the next year. There was a significant seasonal cycle in the monthly catches. The catch of heavier weight groups decreased in winter indicating the tuna moved out of this FAD area. At one of huge FADs (Nirai), fifteen nautical miles southeast of Okinawa island (depth about 1.300 m), a current meter (Aanderaa RCM-7) recorded current and water temperature from June 1995 to March 1996. The current meter was attached to the FAD at 4 m depth. When typhoons attacked Okinawa, the water temperature drastically dropped. Typically, average current speed was 29 cm/s and eastward current was most frequent. Being affected by tide, the current was averaged over twenty-five hours. Current speed was correlated with the yellowfin catch in 120 daily sets at the FAD; the weaker the current speed, the greater the catch. Although not significant, the catch was greater with northeastward current than with southwestward current.
Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen in Städten

Ergebnisse: Studien zeigen, dass das Risiko für bedeutsame psychiatrische Erkrankungen in Städten generell höher ist als in ländlichen Gebieten. Epidemiologische Studien bestätigen, dass Menschen, die in Städten aufwuchsen, ein höheres Schizophrenierisiko haben. Allerdings sind Korrelationen keine Kausalerklärungen, denn das Leben in Armut kann zu einer geringeren psychischen Gesundheit führen, wie auch umgekehrt Beeinträchtigungen der psychischen Gesundheit zur Verarmung beitragen können. Soziale Isolation und Diskriminierung sowie Armut in der Nachbarschaft tragen zu psychischen Belastungen bei, allerdings ist bisher wenig über die spezifischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen diesen Faktoren und der baulichen Struktur der Städte bekannt.
Molecular simulation of perfluorohexane adsorption in BAM-P109 activated carbon

In this study we construct micro- and micro-mesoporous models of activated carbon BAM-P109. The model is based on random packing of structural elements, here provided by hydroxyl-functionalized corannulene molecules. The properties of the model are tuned to reflect structural characteristics of the reference material and its adsorption behaviour. Using the proposed model (the mesoporous variant of it) we predict that BAM-P109 should adsorb 40.84, 45.05, 50.12 cm3 (STP)/g of perfluorohexane at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 relative pressures, respectively, at 273 K. These results are then compared to the reference experimental data. Although simulations correctly predict the trend in the adsorption density, the model, in its current form, systematically underestimates adsorbed density by 20% on average. We reflect on the deficiencies of the model and possible strategies to improve it.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGERS IN SOCIAL SECURITY DEPARTMENTS OF KERMAN PROVINCE

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social capital and effectiveness of managers in Social Security departments of Kerman province, Kerman province (in years 2012-2013). The statistical population consisted of 1209 employees of Social Security departments of Kerman province and the sample was 291 based on Krejcie and Morgan tables. The data collection tools were social capital researcher made and the effectiveness of manager questionnaires, which in turn had a reliability coefficient of 0.89 and 0.87. Spss 16 software, Pearson correlation coefficient test and multivariate regression analysis with stepwise method was used for data analysis. Results of hypotheses showed that there is direct and significant relationship between all dimensions of social capital variable (cohesion of managers in doing tasks, the participation of colleagues in tasks, mutual trust of colleagues and feeling a common image of the future) and effectiveness of managers. Regression analysis results show that four dimensions of social capital explain 0.238% of manager’s effectiveness variance in equation and colleagues’ participation variable in governance is the most decisive factor that effects on effectiveness of managers, this factor explains 0.46 percentage of depended variable variability.
Ecdysteroids in the oceanic copepod Calanus pacificus : variation during molt cycle and change associated with diapause

Development through the molt cycle in arthropods is characterized both by changes in exoskeleton morphology and by cyclical changes in ecdysteroids, i.e. molting hormones. This study describes for Calanus pacificus ecdysteroid variation during the molt cycle in the fifth copepodid (CV) stage and compares ecdysteroid content of diapausing and active field-collected CVs. In C. pacificus CVs, the pattern of ecdysteroid variation relative to the molt cycle phase is similar to that found in decapod crustacean larvae. Ecdysteroid levels are lowest in the postmolt, the first phase after molting, and then increase to a peak during early premolt. Ecdysteroid levels measured in field- collected diapausing C. pacificus CVs were lower than those in active CVs, as expected based on the predominance of the postmolt phase among diapausing CVs. Ecdysteroid analysis provides a faster, less labor-intensive alternative to jaw-phase analysis for identifying the molt phase of field-collected copepodids, and can provide valuable insights into their life-history status. Measurement of copepod hormonal status in situ may provide a direct means of determining the proximate cues for diapause induction and termination in oceanic copepods.
Is the Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Pathogenesis of Asthma Mediated by Oxidative Stress?

In vitro studies indicate that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays role in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling in asthma; however, the mechanism of this effect is not clear yet. The purpose of this study is to assess whether the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma is mediated by oxidative stress. Thirty-four asthmatic outpatients (mean age 50.23±15.21) and 20 healthy controls of the same age group were included in the study. After clinical evaluation, serum TNF-α concentration was measured by ELISA asssay using BioSource human TNF-α kit; and serum malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, which is an indirect marker of oxidative stress, was measured spectrophotometrically by Yoshioka-Kawada method. Mean serum TNF-α concentration was 17.37±8.15 pg/ml, and MDA concentration was 0.93±0.13 nmol/L in asthmatic patients; whereas they were 6.03±3.94 pg/ml and 0.87±0.10 nmol/L consecutively in control group. When two groups were compared, there was no significant difference in serum MDA level (p=0.219), but TNF-α concentration was higher in asthmatics (p=0.001). However, there was no correlation between serum MDA and TNF-α concentrations (p=0.352). Serum MDA concentrations were found to be higher in moderate and severe asthmatics compared to mild disease (p=0.037). The results of this study indicate that serum TNF-α concentration is increased in asthmatics compared to healthy people. However, there was no correlation between serum TNF-α and MDA concentrations; that is why further studies are indicated to explore the mechanisms of TNF-α induced changes in asthma pathogenesis. Archives of Lung: 2005; 6: 145-148
The control of early decay time on auralization results based on geometric acoustic modelling

In the modelling and simulation of acoustic spaces, previous work has focused mostly on optimising the values of reverberation times as the primary acoustic design parameter. According to ISO 3382, Early Decay Time (EDT) is an acoustic parameter which is more relative to perceived reverberance and is actually affected by the very early reflections. In this way EDT becomes an additional and useful method for characterising and optimising a room acoustics simulation. The goal of this project is to investigate the physical changes that affect this acoustic parameter most directly. For this purpose, a model of a 3D shoebox-shape room is used in which the user can control a range of physical acoustic properties relating to the simulation. The influence of the distance between the source-receiver, their distance from the boundaries and the orientation of the source are investigated. For the computer simulation, ODEON 10.1 Auditorium was used which is based on the principle of geometric acoustic techniques. The results are verified through listening tests as well by objective comparison in terms of the resulting effect of each variation.
Implication of Social Presence on Loyalty in Virtual Community

This study aims to explore whether social presence exhibits an important factor in computer-supported community, using the social presence perspective to analyze how media features and personal factors influence user behavior of virtual community. A survey was conducted on Gamebase which covers four types of virtual communities. Empirical data were gathered using online questionnaire with 254 respondents. The result showed that communication richness of social presence contributes to the virtual community loyalty, while medium richness does not influence virtual community loyalty. Results indicated that reciprocal interaction and interpersonal trust have positive effects on medium richness, whereas social interaction and interpersonal connection have positive effects on communication richness.
Proximate Composition, Phytochemical Analysis and in vivo Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Seeds (Punica granatum) in Female Albino Mice

Background: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) of the Punicaceae family is an ancient fruit which is rich in nutrients and also contains various bioactive compounds adduced to some of its medicinal properties observed in vivo. Aim: The aim was to determine the proximate, phytochemical composition and the antioxidant activity of pomegranate seed extract in female albino rats. Methodology: Crude extraction protocol was done using ethanol. The proximate and phytochemical composition of the seeds was determined using standard methods. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups. Rats in group I served as control, while rats in group II, III and IV received 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg per body weight of P. granatum seeds extract orally respectively for 14 days. Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide (SOD) levels were determined from the serum using standard kits. Result: Proximate analysis shows the contents of moisture (6.84%), ash (1.55%), fiber (27.59%), protein (14.06%), fat (26.03%) and carbohydrate (23.96%). Phytochemical screening reveals the contents of flavonoids (121.22 mg/g), tannins (3.30 mg/g), saponins (12.87 mg/g), alkaloids (1.51 mg/g) and phenols (78.12 mg/g). There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the GSH, CAT and SOD levels of the groups that received the extract, while the highest significance was noted with the group that received the highest dose as compared to the control. Conclusion: The results obtained corroborates the antioxidant activity of the seed which might be due to its high amount of phenols and flavonoids and might be relevant in the prevention and management of oxidative stress-induced diseases.
Nutrient Cycling in the Mediterranean Sea: The Key to Understanding How the Unique Marine Ecosystem Functions and Responds to Anthropogenic Pressures

The Mediterranean Sea is a marine desert: although it receives large nutrient inputs from a rapidly growing coastal population, its offshore waters exhibit extremely low biologi cal productivity. Here, we use a mass balance modelling approach to analyse the sources and fate of the two main nutrients that support marine biomass production: phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Surprisingly, the main source of P and N to the Mediterranean Sea is North Atlantic surface water entering through the Strait of Gibraltar, not emis sions from surrounding land. The low biological productivity of the Mediterranean Sea is linked to the switch from less bioavailable nutrients entering the basin to highly bioavailable nutrients leaving it although similar amounts of total P and N enter and leave the Mediterranean Sea. This unique feature is a direct consequence of its unusual anti-estuarine circulation. An important environmental implication of the anti-estuarine circulation is that it efficiently removes excess anthropogenic nutrients entering the Mediterranean Sea, thus protecting offshore waters against eutrophication contrary to other semi-enclosed marine basins. In a similar vein, the “self-cleaning” nature of the Mediterranean Sea may prevent severe oxygen depletion of Mediterranean deep waters should ongoing climate warming lead to a weakening of the thermohaline circulation.
Citizenship Education in Singapore : A Brief History

This article examines the nature and purpose of the social studies curriculum in the light of the demands of citizenship education in Singapore. The development of social studies at the secondary school level is located within the history of citizenship education in Singapore. While the core focus of the subject continues to be that of nation-building, the introduction of social studies is also a significant milestone in the development of citizenship education in several ways. A major initiative is the emphasis on developing more thinking citizens. As a result, social studies is best taught apart from an explicitly moralising context, and in a context in which divergent thinking and views are tolerated. It also suggests ways in which social studies can provide young people with the skills and knowledge to function as citizens in the 21st century.
Preparation of single- and few-layer graphene sheets using co deposition on SiC substrate

Single- and few-layer graphene sheets were fabricated by selective chemical reactions between Co film and SiC substrate. A rapid cooling process was employed. The number of layers and crystallinity of graphene sheets were controlled by process parameters. The formation mechanism of graphene was highly sensitive to carbon diffusion. Free carbon precipitated and then moved across the product layer that was composed mainly of cobalt-silicides. The graphene layer formed homogeneously on the surface and then transferred to the other substrate. This could provide a method for high-quality fabrication of wafer-sized graphene sheets.
Transmitting Antenna with Dual Circular Polarization for Indoor Antenna Measurement Range

The presented paper describes design of an original transmitting antenna for specific indoor far-field measurement range. The antenna is able to generate both senses of the circular polarization with high polarization purity by using stepped septum polarizer inside a waveguide. Very high suppression of the side lobes is achieved by utilization of the higher order modes in the aperture of the final horn antenna which is directly connected to the septum polarizer. The antenna was simulated and optimized in CST Microwave studio, measured and the data compared. Excellent agreement between simulation and experiment was achieved.
Development of Arabic Information Retrieval Systems in the 21st Century

The present study deals with the development of Arabic Information Retrieval Systems starting from 2000, its vital role in the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC), and in the cross-language information retrieval track. It has overviewed the developments concerning the Holy Qur'an, Arabic language, terms relevant to Arabic information retrieval systems, and the characteristics of the Arabic language compared with other languages since the early 21st century. These developments include rich resources of up to date information so as to develop research in this area, modern developments in assessing and measuring Arabic information retrieval systems, relevant theses, and some research studies of contemporary universities on the use of TREC in Arabic information retrieval, and the researchers with no prior knowledge of Arabic language. The study ends with some studies of the Arab universities. Keywords: Retrieval Systems, Arabic Information , Twenty- first century
Photopolymerization of Multicomponent Thiol-Enes: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Properties

Photocurable thiol-ene monomer systems which are comprised of equimolar concentrations of thiols and enes have recently gained considerable attention as alternatives to conventional acrylate based photopolymerizable systems. Herein, we report a totally new direction in the development of thiol-ene systems which involves the use of thiols in combination with not only traditional enes, but also acrylates in a three component system. This new direction involves simultaneous polymerization processes which allow multicomponent films to be formed by a dual polymerization process. The polymerization kinetics of such a system, which are quite complex, are followed by both real-time calorimetric and infrared analysis. Dynamic mechanical and thermogravametric analysis of the cured films provide insight into the structure and properties of the films formed.
Long-distance Sports

The merging of sports and computer technology has been mainly focused on supporting performance enhancement of professional athletes or, on the other end of the spectrum, simulating professional sports competitions for entertainment purposes in computer games. Less work has been undertaken on using computers to enhance social sports experiences. Long-Distance Sports is a novel approach using telecommunication technology in particular to enable geographically distant participants to enjoy a social sports experience together. The Long-Distance Sports presented here focus on physical exertion comparable to collocated sports, a shared experience although being geographically apart and social interaction between the players during casual sports play. Two systems are presented that have been tested by hundreds of players: Breakout for Two is a soccer-like game that uses distributed targets on a life-size videoconference to enable a sports experience between two players who each kick a real physical ball. Airhockey over a Distance creates an increased sense of a shared space across the distance by having puck cannons shooting out real pucks on the remote end to enable a game of airhockey between geographically distant players. The results from these implementations indicate that Long-Distance Sports can be a valuable contribution to society by supporting interactions between players who are spending time apart, in which they can achieve both, a work-out and socializing.
REACTION OF HYDRATED LIME WITH PURE CLAY MINERALS IN SOIL STABILIZATION

THE USE OF HYDRATED LIME HAS BEEN GROWING IN THE FIELD OF SOIL STABILIZATION. ALTHOUGH IT HAS BEEN USED FROM COAST TO COAST IN THE UNITED STATES AND BY SOME NATIONS ABROAD, THE REACTION OF HYDRATED LIME WITH THE SOIL IS STILL A MYSTERY, PARTICULARLY WITH RESPECT TO ITS RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND RATES OF REACTION WITH VARIOUS SOILS. A RESEARCH PROJECT TO DETERMINE THE REACTION OF HYDRATED LIME AND SOIL IS UNDER WAY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. BECAUSE OF THE COMPLEXITY OF SOILS AND BECAUSE LIME IS OF GREATER BENEFIT TO A HEAVY CLAY SOIL, THE FIRST PART OF THE INVESTIGATION HAS BEEN DEVOTED TO A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF HYDRATED LIME ON PURE CLAY MINERALS. BY THE AID OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS, IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE TO WATCH AND IDENTIFY THE REACTIONS WHICH TAKE PLACE. THE FIRST REACTION, WHICH IS BROUGHT ABOUT IMMEDIATELY WHEN LIME IS ADDED, IS REPLACEMENT OF ABSORBED IONS BY CALCIUM IONS, THE SECOND, FORMATION OF A SERIES OF NEW MINERALS, THE THIRD, CARBONATION OF THE HYDRATED LIME. THESE REACTIONS, ILLUSTRATED BY TYPICAL X-RAY EXAMPLES, OFFER DEFINITE PROOF AS TO WHY DIFFERENT RATES OF REACTION OCCUR WITH DIFFERENT SOILS. /AUTHOR/
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF LOCAL CORTICOSTEROID INJECTION AND PHYSICAL THERAPY ON PAIN SEVERITY, JOINT RANGE OF MOTION AND MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME REFERRED TO RASOOL-E-AKRAM MEDICAL CENTER FROM APRIL 2008 TO SEPTEMBER 2009

Background: Subacromial impingement is a common cause of shoulder pain and many patients with this condition recover with conservative management. The most commonly used modalities of non-operative treatment include activity modification, anti-inflammatory medication and subacromial injection of steroid and ultrasound and physical therapy programs. This study assessed the value of physiotherapy versus subacromial corticosteroid injection in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Methods: Seventy three patients with SIS enrolled in the study and treated through physiotherapy (n=37) and subacromial corticosteroid injection (n=36). Two follow-up sessions accomplished at the end of 4 th week and 3 rd month of treatment respectively. Results: Corticosteroid injection caused dramatic improvement in the painful state (p<0.0001) and sleep dysfunction score (p=0.039) in the first follow-up. However, physiotherapy showed significantly better re- sults regarding patients' pain score (p=0.016) and their shoulder join range of motions (p=0.017 and p=0.029 for the abduction and extension, respectively) in their second follow-up. Conclusion: Our study results showed that subacromial corticosteroid injection primarily resulted in more improvement in the impingement symptoms. However, with the long-term follow-up the results were better for the physiotherapy. These results suggest that patients should not undergo surgery before having conservative treatment.
Thermo- and Photo-Degradation of LDPE and PP Films Using Metal Oxides as Catalysts

Degradation of LDPE and PP films using the photo sensitive metal oxides or pro-oxidants (e.g. Fe2O3, CuxO, ZnO, and TiO2 at various particle sizes) as the catalysts in both thermo- and photo-oxidation of plastic films with oxygen followed by photolytic process to give free radicals has been studied. Our preliminary study in hexane solution found that the carbonyl index (CI) increased under the shortwave ultraviolet (254nm) significantly greater than under the longer wave (366nm) due to its greater energy and highly absorbed by the pro-oxidants generating more free radical concentration which could then be photolysed into carbonyl compounds. The pro-oxidant blended PE and PP films under ultraviolet (254nm) irradiation showed the carbonyl index elevation at the beginning and then reducing to a constant level similarly in most cases. This probably suggested that the carbonyl primarily formed and degraded into other free radicals. Under shortwave ultraviolet irradiation for 72 hours, the LDPE films containing nano-sized rutile-TiO2 and nano-sized anatase-TiO2 (1%w/w) were able to reduce the film tensile strength by 32% and 55%, respectively. The film containing micron-sized commercial TiO2 lower the film tensile strength only by 7-10%. However, the tensile strength of the TiO2 blended PP films tends to increase possibly because the rate of cross linkage exceeds the rate of scission.