Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL USE, PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS, AND TOXICITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH IN INDONESIA

The aim of this review is to provide inspiration for research in traditional use, pharmacological effects and toxicity of medicinal plants for women’s health in Indonesia. Punica granatum L , Coriandrum sativum L, Elephantopus scaber L , Foeniculum vulgare M, Kaem p feria galanga L, Nigel l a sativa L are herbs often used as medicinal plants for women’s health care such as pregnancy’s disorders, leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders, aphrodisiac, natural contraception, care during childbirth, lactagogum, body and skin beauty care. The medicinal plants are often consumed directly or mixed in jamu /herbal medicine. Many research reported regarding the pharmacological effect and toxicity test of medicinal plants. This review will show the traditional use, pharmacological effect, and toxicity of Punica granatum, Coriandrum sativum , Elephantopus scaber, Foeniculum vulgare , Kaem p feria galanga , Nigella sativa . Keyword s : Punica granatum , Coriandrum sativum, Elephantopus scaber , Foeniculum vulgare , Kaem p feria galanga , Nigel l a sativa
Dental complications of head and neck radiotherapy and their management: A review

In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage to normal tissues located in the radiation portals. The complications of radiation treatment include mucositis, hyposalivation, loss of taste, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. These sequelae may be dose-limiting and have a tremendous effect on patient's quality of life. In this review, radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences and their management is discussed.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM PATOLOGIA

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest malignant neoplasms worldwide, with high mortality rates. One of the most important measures to attain better cure rates is the evaluation of tumoral prognostic factors through histopathological analysis. “Tumor buddings”, a histological biomarker extensively studied in the last years, have proved to be associated with worse outcomes. Nevertheless, for its evaluation and implementation in the diagnostic routine, it is still necessary to validate and standardize a method for its quantification and graduation. In this study, we analyzed tumor buddings aiming to statistically measure its association with prognostic factors in CRC and validate Ueno’s modified technique. Retrospectively, we obtained 92 surgical colectomy specimens with CRC performed at HC-UFPE between 2005 and 2016 and used Ueno’s modified method to evaluate the buddings, because It has been broadly reproduced in large studies. The specimens were classified either as high or low grade and their association with other prognostic factors was assessed. In accordance with most large publications, we found a positive, statistically significant association between high grade tumor buddings and (lymph node metastasis) (p= 0,023), (lymphovascular invasion) (p< 0,001), (perineural invasion) (p< 0,001), (infiltrative configuration of the tumor border) (p< 0,001) and (tumoral deposits in the mesocolic fat tissue) (p= 0,005). In conclusion, high grade tumor budding is indeed associated to other histological biomarkers and Ueno’s modified technique is feasible, cost-effective and capable of quantifying buddings with precision.
Concise Clinical Review of the Pulmonary Vasculitides

The pulmonary vasculitides are a rare group of heterogeneous disorders unified by the histopathologic finding of inflammation and destruction of the blood vessel wall. Diagnosis of these disorders is exceptionally challenging, given their highly variable clinical presentation, their relative rarity and the overlap of the signs and symptoms of vasculitis with much more common entities. However, recent advances in the management of vasculitis allow for accurate diagnosis, risk stratification in the individual patient and the implementation of evidence-based, effective pharmacologic therapies. This concise clinical review will address the diagnosis and management of the patient with pulmonary vasculitis and provide an up-to-date review of the state of the field. Page 2 of 40
In Vitro and in Vivo Grafting of Xeno Pig Fetal Liver Fragments Using Ultrafiltration Membrane

• Abstract — Transplantation of xeno fetal liver frag­ ments (FLF) could be an alternative or supplementary therapy for acute and chronic liver failure not resolved by routine medical therapies. However, the xenografts them­ selves are rejected by the host immune system. To overcome these problems, immunoisolate capsules with various cutoff points, from 50,000 (YM30) to 500,000 (ZM500) were tested for their protective effects on FLF graft survival. In an in vitro study, the capsule with the smallest cutoff size (YM30) had an excellent protective effect on the grafts it contained, and showed the lowest GOT values in the culture superna­ tant and the normal histological structure. In an in vivo study using rats, the same capsule enabled a FLF graft to survive as long as 21 days, even with severe IgG deposition on and within the graft. In another in vivo study, which used beagle dog, however, it did not improve the natural course of survival of the graft, which had totally degener­ ated by day 7. In conclusion, 1) Immunocapsules, especially those with the smallest cutoff values, impeded the infiltra­ tion of the (xeno) humoral attacking factor, but the blocking effect was not complete, as shown by the immunoglobulin (IgG) deposit on the grafts they contained. 2) The FLFs with capsules survived longer than those without capsules—only in rats, not in beagles. This difference may be attributable to the difference of the extent of humoral or nutritional response to the xenografts. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
Cost of antimicrobial treatment in patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms in the Intensive Care Unit

This study aims to compare the costs of antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment of patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) or those not infected with this type of organisms in an intensive care unit (ICU). It is a retrospective comparative case-control study, performed in a public hospital in the capital city of Brazil, comprising the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. Information on age, sex, length of hospitaliza- tion, clinical outcome, antimicrobial drugs, microorganisms and microbial sensitivity to antibiotics was collected. Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The sample consisted of 401 patients with a mean age of 51.36 years (± 19.68) being 226 (56.4%) male. As for the length of stay, 32.9% of the patients remained more than 20 days, with 195 discharged and 206 deaths. Global cost of antimicrobial treatment was US$ 1113 221.55 during the three year period. Treatment cost for patients with MDRO was higher than for those without (p = 0.010). At least one MDR strain was isolated in 54.6% of the patients. According to these results, nosocomial infections due to MDRO and the high costs involved may endanger the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy in ICU and Health Centers.
The Beat is Getting Stronger: The Effect of Atmospheric Stability on Low Frequency Modulated Sound of Wind Turbines

Sound from wind turbines involves a number of sound production mechanisms related to different interactions between the turbine blades and the air. An important contribution to the low frequency part of the sound spectrum is due to the sudden variation in air flow which the blade encounters when it passes the tower: the angle of attack of the incoming air suddenly deviates from the angle that is optimized for the mean flow. Hitherto, low-frequency sound from wind turbines has not been shown to be a major factor contributing to annoyance. This seems reasonable as the blade passing frequency is of the order of one hertz where the human auditory system is relatively insensitive. This argument, however, obscures a very relevant effect: the blade passing frequency modulates well audible, higher-frequency sounds and thus creates periodic sound: blade swish. This effect is stronger at night because in a stable atmosphere there is a greater difference between rotor averaged and near-tower wind speed. Measurements have shown that additional turbines can interact to further amplify this effect. Theoretically the resulting fluctuations in sound level will be clearly perceptible to human hearing. This is confirmed by residents near wind turbines with the same common observation: often late in the afternoon or in the evening the turbine sound acquires a distinct ‘beating’ character, the rhythm of which is in agreement with the blade passing frequency. It is clear from the observations that this is associated to a change toward a higher atmospheric stability. The effect of stronger fluctuations on annoyance has not been investigated as such, although it is highly relevant because a) the effect is stronger for modern (that is: tall) wind turbines, and b) more people in Europe will be living close to these wind turbines as a result of the growth of wind energy projects.
High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Iranian Helicobacter pylori Isolates: Importance of Functional and Mutational Analysis of Resistance Genes and Virulence Genotyping

The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori has become a great challenge in Iran. The genetic mutations that contribute to the resistance have yet to be precisely identified. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence markers in Iranian H. pylori isolates and to analyze if there is any association between resistance and genotype. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 68 H. pylori isolates were investigated against metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline by the agar dilution method. The frxA, rdxA, gyrA, gyrB, and 23S rRNA genes of the isolates were sequenced. The virulence genotypes were also determined using PCR. Metronidazole resistance was present in 82.4% of the isolates, followed by clarithromycin (33.8%), ciprofloxacin (33.8%), rifampicin (32.4%), amoxicillin (30.9%), levofloxacin (27.9%), and tetracycline (4.4%). Overall, 75% of the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics tested and considered as a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Most of the metronidazole-resistant isolates carried frameshift mutations in both frxA and rdxA genes, and premature termination occurred in positions Q5Stop and Q50Stop, respectively. Amino acid substitutions M191I, G208E, and V199A were predominantly found in gyrA gene of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. A2143G and C2195T mutations of 23S rRNA were found in four clarithromycin-resistant isolates. Interestingly, significant associations were found between resistance to metronidazole (MNZ) and cagA-, sabA-, and dupA-positive genotypes, with p = 0.0002, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.0001, respectively. Furthermore, a significant association was found between oipA “on” status and resistance to amoxicillin (AMX) (p = 0.02). The prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance is high in our region, particularly that of metronidazole, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and MDR. Simultaneous screening of virulence and resistance genotypes can help clinicians to choose the appropriate therapeutic regime against H. pylori infection.
NatB-Mediated N-Terminal Acetylation Affects Growth and Biotic Stress Responses1

Initiator methionine acetylation by NatB is evolutionary conserved and critical for abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. N∝-terminal acetylation (NTA) is one of the most abundant protein modifications in eukaryotes. In humans, NTA is catalyzed by seven Nα-acetyltransferases (NatA–F and NatH). Remarkably, the plant Nat machinery and its biological relevance remain poorly understood, although NTA has gained recognition as a key regulator of crucial processes such as protein turnover, protein-protein interaction, and protein targeting. In this study, we combined in vitro assays, reverse genetics, quantitative N-terminomics, transcriptomics, and physiological assays to characterize the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NatB complex. We show that the plant NatB catalytic (NAA20) and auxiliary subunit (NAA25) form a stable heterodimeric complex that accepts canonical NatB-type substrates in vitro. In planta, NatB complex formation was essential for enzymatic activity. Depletion of NatB subunits to 30% of the wild-type level in three Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants (naa20-1, naa20-2, and naa25-1) caused a 50% decrease in plant growth. A complementation approach revealed functional conservation between plant and human catalytic NatB subunits, whereas yeast NAA20 failed to complement naa20-1. Quantitative N-terminomics of approximately 1000 peptides identified 32 bona fide substrates of the plant NatB complex. In vivo, NatB was seen to preferentially acetylate N termini starting with the initiator Met followed by acidic amino acids and contributed 20% of the acetylation marks in the detected plant proteome. Global transcriptome and proteome analyses of NatB-depleted mutants suggested a function of NatB in multiple stress responses. Indeed, loss of NatB function, but not NatA, increased plant sensitivity toward osmotic and high-salt stress, indicating that NatB is required for tolerance of these abiotic stressors.
Primary osteoblasts, osteoblast precursor cells or osteoblast-like cell lines: which human cell types are (most) suitable for characterizing 45S5-Bioglass?

The question how bioactive glasses (BGs) influence the viability and osteogenic differentiation of human osteogenic cells has already been addressed by several studies. However, a literature review revealed great differences in the type of cells used for these experiments. Primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) represent the desired standard, but possess the limitation of patient variability and time-consuming isolation protocols. Therefore, several alternative cell types have been used including primary mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and the "osteoblast-like" cell lines MG-63, Saos-2, HOS and U2OS. The aim of our study was the identification of the cell type most suitable for tissue engineering projects involving BGs by comparative analysis of cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in response to 45S5-BG. We observed that hOBs, BMSCs and MG-63 cells were resistant to 45S5-BG induced cytotoxicity, while the viability of Saos-2, HOS and U2OS cells was significantly reduced. In addition, we detected alkaline phosphatase activity, except in U2OS cells, that increased upon 45S5-BG co-cultivation, demonstrating the induction of osteogenic differentiation. Our data and the fact that the donor-dependent variations can be avoided when using MG-63 cells suggest that these are a promising alternative to primary cells and remain an important cell line for future BG related studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Behavioral Sciences in the Promotion of Oral Health

The importance and value of behavioral sciences in dentistry have long been recognized, and their contribution to dental education, research, clinical practice, and oral health policy has been significant over the past half century. Over time behavioral sciences have expanded our understanding of oral health beyond “disease” to a broader biopsychosocial concept of oral health. This in turn has led dentistry away from a focus of “treatment” to oral health “care,” notably in the new millennium. Key oral health behaviors have been identified for more than half a century: the importance of diet, oral hygiene, dental services, and other factors. Various behavioral models and theories have been proposed, particularly since the 1970s, providing useful frameworks with sound psychological basis to help understand the paths of oral health behaviors. These models draw on theories of self-efficacy, motivation, counseling, and “behavior change. ” Since the 1980s, there has been a greater understanding that these behaviors often share a common pathway with the etiology of other diseases (common risk factors). Furthermore, the relationship between individual factors and the broader environmental factors has been increasingly emphasized since the 1990s, leading to a united call for action in addressing oral health inequalities. Within the past decade, there are useful examples of models, frameworks, and techniques of behavior change with respect to oral health, involving planning, prompting, encouraging, goal setting, and/or motivating. In particular, there is a growing interest and use of motivational interviewing. Likewise, behavioral therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, are increasingly being employed in dental practice in the management of dental anxiety, pain, and psychosomatic dental and oral problems, with promising results. Recommendations are outlined for future directions for behavioral sciences in the promotion of oral health.
Structural and functional modularity of the U2 snRNP in pre-mRNA splicing

Abstract The U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) is an essential component of the spliceosome, the cellular machine responsible for removing introns from precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) in all eukaryotes. U2 is an extraordinarily dynamic splicing factor and the most frequently mutated in cancers. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has transformed our structural and functional understanding of the role of U2 in splicing. In this review, we synthesize these and other data with respect to a view of U2 as an assembly of interconnected functional modules. These modules are organized by the U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) for roles in spliceosome assembly, intron substrate recognition, and protein scaffolding. We describe new discoveries regarding the structure of U2 components and how the snRNP undergoes numerous conformational and compositional changes during splicing. We specifically highlight large scale movements of U2 modules as the spliceosome creates and rearranges its active site. U2 serves as a compelling example for how cellular machines can exploit the modular organization and structural plasticity of an RNP.
Tocotrienol-rich fraction from annatto ameliorates expression of lysyl oxidase in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells

ABSTRACT Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is required for the formation of bone collagen cross-links. Inactivation of the LOX gene in osteoblasts by DNA methylation and JAK signaling has been reported to cause loss of cross-links and an increased risk of fractures. Tocotrienols (T3s) have proven benefits on bone strength, but their potential effects on LOX remain largely unknown. Thus, the present study investigates the in vitro effects of T3s on LOX expression in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Results indicated that Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF), the δ-T3 rich oil extracted from Annatto was the most effective and significantly increased LOX expression. TRF treatment decreased de-novo methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT3A and DNMT3B levels. In addition, TRF significantly inhibited JAK2 activation and decreased expression of Fli1, a transcription factor of DNMTs. We conclude that TRF induced an increase in LOX expression via inhibition of de-novo methylation and reduction of Fli1 expression by the inactivation of JAK2. Abbreviations: CpG: cytosine-guanine dinucleotide; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; Fli1: friend leukemia virus integration 1; JAK: janus kinase; LOX: lysyl oxidase; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; STAT: signal transducers and activators of transcription; T3s: tocotrienols; TPs: tocopherols; TRF: Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction. Graphical abstract TRF induced amelioration of LOX expression in MG-63 via inhibition of de-novo methylation through the reduction of Fli1 expression by the inactivation of JAK2.
Deep Vein Thrombosis After Major Surgery - Evaluation By Compression Ultrasonography

A prospective study done over a 14 months period revealed an 8% incidence of proximal deep vein thrombosis after major orthopaedic surgical procedures. All patients were analysed by compression ultrasound, which was found to be a good modality to pick up this complication. This is a significant incidence of a potentially disastraous complication, and is contrary to the common view that DVT is rare in Asian populations. Routine prophylaxis is therefore recommended after major lower limb surgery.
Translating a walking intervention for health professional delivery within primary care: A mixed‐methods treatment fidelity assessment

Objectives Existing fidelity studies of physical activity interventions are limited in methodological quality and rigour, particularly those delivered by health care providers in clinical settings. The present study aimed to enhance and assess the fidelity of a walking intervention delivered by health care providers within general practice in line with the NIH Behavior Change Consortium treatment fidelity framework. Design Two practice nurses and six health care assistants delivered a theory‐based walking intervention to 63 patients in their own practices. A cross‐sectional mixed‐methods study assessed fidelity related to treatment delivery and treatment receipt, from the perspectives of health care providers and patients. Methods All providers received training and demonstrated delivery competence prior to the trial. Delivery of intervention content was coded from audio‐recordings using a standardized checklist. Qualitative interviews with 12 patients were conducted to assess patient perspectives of treatment receipt and analysed using framework analysis. Results Overall, 78% of intervention components were delivered as per the protocol (range 36–91%), with greater fidelity for components requiring active engagement from patients (e.g., completion of worksheets). The qualitative data highlighted differences in patients’ comprehension of specific intervention components. Understanding of, and engagement with, motivational components aimed at improving self‐efficacy was poorer than for volitional planning components. Conclusions High levels of fidelity of delivery were demonstrated. However, patient‐, provider‐, and component‐level factors impacted on treatment delivery and receipt. We recommend that methods for the enhancement and assessment of treatment fidelity are consistently implemented to enhance the rigour of physical activity intervention research. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Physical activity interventions delivered within primary care by health professionals have so far demonstrated limited impact on behaviour change initiation and maintenance. Treatment fidelity enhancement and assessment strategies can support the successful translation of behaviour change interventions into real‐life settings. Few studies have examined treatment fidelity within the context of physical activity interventions, particularly within clinical settings, and existing fidelity studies are limited by methodological quality and rigour. What does this study add? High levels of fidelity were found for a physical activity intervention delivered in primary care. Patient‐, provider‐, and component‐level factors may impact on treatment delivery and receipt. The implementation of best practice fidelity recommendations can support near‐optimal fidelity.