Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activity of Oat Extracts added to Human LDL Particles and in Free Radical Trapping Assays

Commercial extracts of oats containing relatively hydrophilic phenolic compounds (including avenanthramides) were provided. They were generated using 50% ethanol as the extracting solvent, concentrated, and raised up in 50% aqueous butane diol (9G3, 9F1, 0C4). A more hydrophobic extract, fractionated into polar/amphiphilic lipids (including tocols), was generated using IPA (isopropanol) and designated the IPApolar extract. Two approaches were used to measure the antioxidant activity of oat extracts: the quenching of free radicals and the inhibition of human LDL (low density lipoprotein) oxidation. Results indicated that the order of antioxidant activity of the extracts was broadly similar for each of the methods used. Notably the order of decreasing antioxidant activity per unit mass of phenolics, as obtained from the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays and LDL oxidation assays, was IPApolar > 0C4 > 9F1 > 9G3. FTCL (flow-through chemiluminescence) data were very similar, only showing a shift in the relative activity position of 0C4 from second to third. Interestingly, α-tocopherol and Trolox showed very similar activity per mole in the DPPH assay, but Trolox was more active in the FTCL and LDL oxidation assays.
Supplemental mass pollination success rate in a mature Douglas-fir seed orchard

Supplemental mass pollination (SMP) success rate in a mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard was studied with the aid of a unique electrophoretically detectable allozyme marker. Operational applications, and branch applications that were carried out one, two, or three times, were conducted during the orchard's maximal pollen release (i.e., the height of pollination). No significant increase in seed-yield traits (total number of seeds per cone, number of filled seeds per cone, and seed efficiency) was observed between wind-pollinated and SMP-treated (operational and one and multiple branch visits) cones. However, multiple branch visits (18%) showed significant increase in SMP success rate when compared with the operational visit (8%) or the one branch visit (9%) results. No significant increase in SMP success rate was obtained when the number of branch visits was increased from two (17.8%) to three (17.9%). It was concluded that operational SMP had the potential to improve th.
Photocontrol of somatic embryogenesis and polyamine content in Araujia sericifera petals

The effects of photoperiod and end-of-day phytochrome control on somatic embryogenesis and polyamine (PA) content in Araujia sericifera petals have been studied. Petals from immature flowers were cultured under 16- and 8-h photoperiods. Far red (FR), red (R) and FR followed by R light treatments were applied at the end of the photoperiods for three weeks. The number of somatic embryos, callus weight and the levels of free and bound PAs in the cultured petal explants were determined 40 days after the beginning of light treatments. Long day (LD) promoted somatic embryogenesis but did not have any significant effect on PA content. Short day (SD) reduced somatic embryogenesis and enhanced total PAs, mainly in the form of bound spermidine. End-of-day FR treatment increased PA content and inhibited somatic embryogensis under LD but had no significant effect under SD. This effect of FR on PA levels was cancelled by R and was independent of the presence of silver thiosulphate in the medium. End-of-day R treatment reduced the total PA content under SD. However, end-of-day R increased or reduced somatic embryogenesis under SD depending on the presence or absence of silver in the medium. The results suggest a photoperiodic control of somatic embryogenesis and PA content in A. sericifera. The effects of end-of-day R and FR treatments depend on the length of the photoperiod. This finding and the FR/R photoreversibility of end-of-day treatments indicate that phytochrome may be involved in both somatic embryogenesis and accumulation of PA.
Infaunal biodiversity patterns from Carnarvon Shelf (Ningaloo Reef), Western Australia

Infaunaareimportantinmanyecologicalprocessesbuthavebeenrarelyconsideredinbiodiversityassessments ofcoralreefsandsurroundingareas.Wesurveyedinfaunalassemblagesandassociatedenvironmentalfactors(depth,seabed reflectance, sediment characteristics) in three areas (Mandu, Point Cloates, Gnaraloo) along the Carnarvon Shelf, Western Australia. This region supports Ningaloo Reef, a relatively pristine coral reef protected by the Ningaloo Marine Park and a Commonwealthmarinereserve.MacrofaunaweresampledwithaSmith-McIntyregrabandsievedthrough500mm.A total of 423 species and 4036 individuals was recorded from 145 grabs, with infauna accounting for 67% of species and 78% of individuals. Rare species (#2 individuals per species) represented 42% of the total assemblage. Assemblages were significantly different among all three areas, with the most distinct recorded from the southern-most area (Gnaraloo). Althoughassemblagesvariedsignificantlywithdepthandsedimentcomposition(mudandgravel),theserelationshipswere weak. Results from the current study broadly quantify macrofaunal diversity in the region and identify potential spatial and environmental patterns which will help inform future marine management plans, including the provision of baseline information to assess the efficacy of protected areas in soft-sediment habitats adjacent to coral reefs.
Adhesion of Salmonella dublin to HEp2 epithelial cells

Two strains of Salmonella dublin, grown serially in brain heart infusion broth, were motile and produced mannose sensitive (MS) but not mannose resistant (MR) haemagglutinins; grown on phosphate buffered agar, the strains were poorly motile and phenotypically MSHA‐ MRHA +. In adhesion tests with HEp2 epithelial cells, broth grown bacteria that were motile and MSHA+ MRHA‐ adhered better than agar grown bacteria that were poorly motile and MSHA‐ MRHA+. Thus, in adhesion tests with HEp2 epithelial cells, strains of S. dublin behaved like S. typhimurium strains in that their HEp2 cell adhesiveness was associated with motility and production of MSHA.
Identification of Pathogenicity Mutants of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe grisea by Insertional Mutagenesis

Restriction enzyme-mediated DNA integration (REMI) mutagenesis was used to identify mutants of Magnaporthe grisea impaired in pathogenicity. Three REMI protocols were evaluated and the frequency of REMIs determined. An REMI library of 3,527 M. grisea transformants was generated in three genetic backgrounds, and 1,150 transformants were screened for defects in pathogenicity with a barley cut leaf assay. Five mutants were identified and characterized. Two mutants (2029 and 2050) were impaired in appressorium function. Two other mutants, 125 and 130, were altered in conidial morphology, conidiogenesis, and appressorium function. Mutant 130 was also a methionine auxotroph and methionine auxotrophy co-segregated with the reduction in pathogenicity. An additional mutant, 80, showed reduced pathogenicity on blast-susceptible rice cultivars but was fully pathogenic on barley. The reduction of pathogenicity in mutant 80 was associated with a delay in conidial germination and appressorium development. Genetic analy.
Genetic relationships between calving interval and linear type traits in

Genetic correlations between first calving interval (CI) and linear type traits in South African Holstein and Jersey cattle were estimated to assess the possibility of using type information as selection criteria for CI. All linear type traits routinely evaluated under the National Genetic Evaluation Programme (18 for Jersey and 17 for Holstein) were considered. Data were obtained from the National Dairy Animal Recording Scheme and comprised records of 30 503 Holstein cows in 640 herds and 27 360 Jersey cows in 460 herds. Multiple-trait animal models were used to estimate parameters, based on the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methodology. Fixed effects in the model varied depending on the individual trait. Linear type traits reflecting body size generally had much higher correlations with CI than udder characteristics. Genetic correlations of CI with body size traits were mostly positive in both breeds, ranging from 0.04 ± 0.16 with bone structure to 0.51 ± 0.08 with body depth, dairy strength and rear leg set. Correlations between CI and body depth (0.51 ± 0.08), angularity (0.32 ± 0.08) and rump angle (0.32 ± 0.12) indicate that cows with deep, more angular bodies and low pins have longer CI. Genetic correlations with udder type traits were generally low, ranging from -0.01 ± 0.20 with udder width to 0.25 ± 0.11 with rear teat placement. The highest genetic correlations with CI were for rear leg rear view (-0.70 ± 0.34), body depth (0.51 ± 0.08), dairy strength (0.51 ± 0.09), rear leg set (0.51 ± 0.06), foot angle (-0.44 ± 0.04) and rump angle (0.32 ± 0.05) in the Jersey and rump height (0.31 ± 0.08), angularity (0.32 ± 0.08) and body depth in the Holstein (0.51 ± 0.08). These traits may therefore be used in the analysis of CI to carry out early prediction of fertility and increase the accuracy of evaluation.
CYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN RABBIT MYELOID ELEMENTS

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Variation in Scots pine needle longevity and nutrient conservation in different habitats and latitudes

Within-species variation in needle traits is an important characteristic of conifers enabling trees to grow in different environments. We compared mean needle age (NA), shoot growth, and nutrient conservation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in different habitats and latitudes (peatlands and Vaccinium-type stands in Estonia (59°N) and Lapland (66°30′N)). In Vaccinium-type stands, trees with higher NA (mostly in Lapland) had lower shoot length increment and lower concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in current-year needles than trees with low NA (mostly in Estonia). However, in peatlands, variation in NA (which was as high as in the Vaccinium-type stands) was weakly or insignificantly related to shoot growth and needle nutrient concentration. Within latitudes, pines with different shoot length increments and needle nutrient concentrations tend to have similar NAs. Resorption efficiency and concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in senescent needles decreased with the initial concentrat.
Asphalts and modiﬁed dense bituminous mixtures with rubber of military boots

This article evaluates in the laboratory the physical and rheological properties of the modified asphalt cement (AC) with different contents of rubber (R) from used military boots. For the evaluation of the modified AC, laboratory tests of penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, short-term aging and determination of the rheological parameters in the DSR dynamic shearing rheometer were performed. In addition, the mechanical performance of a conventional asphaltic dense mixture (control) and three dense asphalt mixtures with modified asphalt cement with different rubber contents, wet-added, was evaluated by means of monotonic load tests (Marshall Stability) and dynamic (dynamic module). The physical and rheological evaluation of the AC modified with R indicates a significant increase in stiffness as a function of the R content. The asphalt mixtures studied, in reference to the control mixture, presented the same optimum content of asphalt and an increase in the Mar-shall rigidity and dynamic module. Therefore, it was found that the addition of rubber from military boots used in the asphalt cement and later in the mixture, can be considered viable from the technical and environmental point of view, due to the improvement in the mechanical properties of these materials and to allow a form of correct final disposal of the rubber.
Potensi Penggunaan Metode In Vitro dalam Memperkirakan Pemeringkatan Indeks Glikemik In Vivo pada Beberapa Varietas Beras yang Dimasak

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji metode in vitro yang paling potensial digunakan dalam skrining indeks glikemik (IG) pada nasi yang menurut literatur memiliki IG berbeda (rendah, sedang dan tinggi). Metode Englyst et al. (2003) dan Argyri et al. (2016) menjadi metode in vitro terpilih yang diuji validitasnya untuk mengetahui kemampuan keduanya dalam menggolongkan pangan sesuai hasil pengujian IG in vivo. Sebanyak enam varietas beras dimasak menggunakan rice cooker kemudian nasi diuji kadar proksimat (protein, lemak, air, abu, karbohidrat), serat pangan total, amilosa, amilopektin dan pati. Sebanyak 20 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibagi dalam dua kelompok sebanding untuk diukur kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah mengonsumsi makanan. Nasi hitam Cirebon, Cisokan dan Inpara 5 memiliki IG sedang, sedangkan nasi Inpari 24, Sintanur dan ketan Grendel tergolong IG tinggi. Kadar glukosa nasi pada metode Englyst et al. (2003) menit ke-20 dan Argyri et al. (2016) menit ke-120 apabila dibuat pemeringkatan terendah hingga tertinggi menunjukkan urutan peringkat yang sesuai dengan urutan nilai IG in vivo. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah metode Argyri et al. (2016) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih mendekati nilai IG in vivo dan prosedur pengukuran yang dilakukan lebih mirip dengan proses pencernaan pada tubuh manusia, sehingga metode ini lebih direkomendasikan dalam memperkirakan pengkategorian IG in vivo pada sampel berupa nasi (r 2 =0,461, p<0,01). Kata kunci : indeks glikemik, in vitro, nasi Abstract The aim of this study was to test the most potential in vitro methods to used in screening the glycemic index (GI) of rice which according to the literature had different GI category (low, medium, high). Englyst et al. (2003) and Argyri et al. (2016) became the selected in vitro method that tested their validity by determine their ability to classify food according to the results of in vivo GI. Six rice varieties were cooked using a rice cooker then tested for proximate analysis (protein, fat, water, ash, carbohydrate), total dietary fiber, amylose, amylopectin and starch. A total of 20 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two comparable groups to measure their blood glucose levels for 2 hours after consuming test food. Cirebon black rice, Cisokan and Inpara 5 have moderate GI, while Inpari 24, Sintanur and Grendel glutinous rice were classified as high GI. Glucose levels of rice as measured by Englyst et al. (2003) at 20 th minute and Argyri et al. (2016) at 120 th minute has a comparable rank with in vivo GI. The conclusion of this study is m ethod by Argyri et al. (2016) showed results that were closer to the in vivo GI and the measurement procedure was more similar to the digestive process in the human body , thus its became more recommended method to estimating the categorization of in vivo GI in rice samples (r 2 =0 , 461, p<0 , 01) . Keywords: glycemic index, in vitro, rice
Can Auditors Become Over-Conservative? Evidence From the Investors’ Perception of Auditor Changes

This paper investigates whether investors perceive high levels of auditor conservatism as excessive. Auditors can reduce their litigation risk by issuing going concern opinions to firms with relatively low default risk. However, this strategy is costly for investors. Investors cannot observe the estimated probability of default but can only estimate the average threshold at which the audit office started to issue going concern opinions in the past. If they perceive the office’s threshold as too low, they should discount the firm’s market value because going concern opinions negatively affect the future cash flows. As the valuation should rebound if a firm replaces such an over-conservative auditor, I investigate the market reaction to auditor changes. I introduce a novel measure of auditor conservatism that is closely related to the audit offices’ going concern thresholds. Using a sample of 1,687 auditor changes from 2004 to 2014, I document a positive abnormal return if firms replace the most conservative auditors. However, additional analyses reveal that investors only perceive the most conservative non-Big 4 audit offices in the period after the financial crisis as over-conservative. That is, in the post-crisis period the non-Big 4 auditors increased their level of conservatism to levels that investors perceive as excessive.
Stator Resistance Compensator Based on Model Reference Adaptive System Scheme for Sensor-Less Direct Torque Control of an Open End-Winding Induction Motor with First Coil Faults

Received: 2 May 2019 Accepted: 4 July 2019 Today, direct torque control (DTC) is one of the most actively researched control techniques due to its exceptional dynamic response and less dependence on motor parameters. However, the DTC technique has a disadvantage that the stator resistance variation due to inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) fault causes an estimation error of the stator flux, this leads to a decline in the performance of DTC technique. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a DTC technique of open end-winding induction motor (OEW-IM) under ITSC fault with stator resistance compensator based on model reference adaptive system (MRAS). The main objective of the proposed estimation scheme is to improve the DTC performance under fault condition, where the stator resistance value is updated during operation to compensate the fault effects. The control system performance is verified in terms of the healthy and faulty performances through the simulation. Based on the obtained simulation results, it can be said that the effectiveness of the proposed control system is clearly validated.
Object Discovery and Acknowledgment in Images

Object Acknowledgment is an innovation in the field of PC vision. It is viewed as one of the troublesome and testing errands in PC vision. Numerous methodologies have been proposed before, and a model with another methodology which isn't just quick yet additionally dependable. Easynet model has been contrasted and different models also. Easynet model takes a gander at the entire picture at test time so its forecasts are educated by worldwide setting . At the expectation time, our model produces scores for the nearness of the item in a specific class. It makes expectations with a Single system assessment. Here Object discovery is a relapse issue to spatially isolated jumping boxes and related class probabilities.
Leaf gas exchange and carbon isotope composition responses to drought in a drought‐avoiding (Pinus pinaster) and a drought‐tolerant (Quercus petraea) species under present and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations

The responses of predawn leaf water potential (Ψ wp ), leaf conductance to water vapour diffusion (g), CO 2 assimilation rate (A) and carbon isotope competition (δ 13 C) to a soil drying cycle were assessed in Pinus pinaster, a drought-avoiding species with high stomatal sensitivity to drought, and Quercus petraea, a drought-tolerant species with lower stomatal sensitivity to drought, under present (350 μmol mol -1 ) and elevated (700 μmol mol -1 ) atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ([CO 2 ]). In P. pinaster, decreasing A in response to drought was associated with increasing plant intrinsic water use efficiency (A/g) and with decreasing calculated intercellular [CO 2 ] (C i ), suggesting a stomatal limitation of A. In contrast, in Q. petraea, A/g declined and C i increased during the drying cycle, which suggests a non-stomatal origin for the decrease in A. In P. pinaster, a negative relationship was observed between the gas exchange-derived values of C i /C a and δ 13 C, which conforms to the classical two-step carbon isotope discrimination model. In Q. petraea, the relationship between C i /C a and δ 13 C was positive. Possible causes of this discrepancy are discussed. Lower g values were observed under elevated [CO 2 ] than under present [CO 2 ] in Q. petraea, whereas g was unaffected in P. pinaster. A stimulation of A by elevated [CO 2 ] was found in P. pinaster but not in Q. petraea. In both species, A/g was markedly higher under elevated than under present [CO 2 ]. Whether the differences in the g response to elevated [CO 2 ] found here can be generalized to other drought-avoiding and non-avoiding species remains to be assessed.
Plants as a treasury of fragrant substances for food industry and perfumery

Artykul poświecony jest niektorym aspektom substancji zapachowych pochodzenia roślinnego, stosowanych jednocześnie w przemyśle spozywczym i perfumeryjnym. Od starozytności opracowano wiele technik ekstrakcji w celu uzyskania olejkow eterycznych. Niektore z nich są nadal stosowane. Nowe ekstrakcje, takie jak: mikrofalowe lub ultradźwiekowe, są coraz bardziej popularne i pozwalają zaoszczedzic czas oraz koszty. Niezaleznie od procedury powstale olejki eteryczne są źrodlem wielu związkow chemicznych, tzw. izolatow. Mogą one byc stosowane jako dodatki do zywności lub jako materialy wyjściowe do syntezy organicznej. Niektore substancje zapachowe wystepują w bardzo malych ilościach w materiale roślinnym, dlatego ekstrakcja nie jest oplacalna ekonomicznie, ale po ustaleniu ich struktur chemicznych i opracowaniu procedur syntetycznych, w niektorych przypadkach są one pozyskiwane na skale przemyslową. Substancje opisane ponizej to tylko niewielka cześc z 2000–3000 pachnących cząsteczek, ktore sprawiają, ze nasze zycie jest przyjemniejsze, zarowno w jedzeniu, jak i perfumach.