Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Configuration of Randomly Deployed WSN with the Estimation of Node Density

In this paper, to avoid additional measurements and calculation for finding the connectivity and the local position when deploying wireless sensor nodes randomly with no prior information on environments, we propose a new decentralized WSN configuration algorithm which can provide relative location of sensor nodes to the sink node. Instead of concerning about sensing coverage of the network, at the initial stage of forming a network, a simple and fast procedure to obtain data for configuring the framework of the network is designed. We suggest a virtual network formed with the equivalent energy level of received signals, the Energy Level Projected Network (ELPN), which distance is defined as the diminution of the reference signal power. To collect data related to the wireless sensor nodes connectivity, localization, and uniformity of nodes deployment, the concept of the position sensing signal and relative direction finding algorithm are introduced.
The structure and functions of the adenovirus early region 1 proteins.

Although the original identification of adenoviruses was as a result of clinical investigation (Rowe et al., 1953) their real importance has been as tools for fundamental scientific research. They have proved to be of outstanding value in two major areas of interest-firstly, as defined biological agents capable of causing cellular transformation in vitro and oncogenesis in vivo and, secondly, as model systems in the study of the structure of the eukaryote genome and the way in which expression of individual genes is controlled. The suitability of adenoviruses for use in the study of both tumourigenicity and transformation became apparent after the recognition that certain of the virus serotypes [adenovirus 12 (Ad 12) initially] could cause tumours when injected into newborn rodents (Trentin et al., 1962; Huebner et al., 1962) and that cells grown in culture could be morphologically transformed by the virus (McBride & Wiener, 1964; Freeman et al., 1967). The many adenovirus serotypes have been divided into a number of groups, initially on the basis of immunological criteria and latterly on the basis of DNA restriction mapping studies. In this Review I shall concentrate almost exclusively on data accrued from the most studied members of two of these groups: Ad 12 (a representative of the highly oncogenic group A adenoviruses) and Ad 2 and Ad 5 (representatives of the non-oncogenic group C adenoviruses) (a complete classification is given in Gallimore et al., 1985a). Obviously it is not possible to cover all aspects of adenovirus biology in a short report such as this; therefore the emphasis has been placed squarely on a biochemical consideration of the latest additions which had been made to our knowledge of the structure and functions of the adenovirus early region 1 (El) proteins. Other aspects of the subject have been treated only briefly. Readers in need ofmore information on these are referred to recently published monographs (Ginsberg, 1984; Doerfler, 1984a,b,c, 1986) and review articles (Pettersson & Akusjarvi, 1983; Bernards & van der Eb, 1984; Branton et al., 1985; Gallimore et al., 1985a).
Optimal design of rotating sliding surface for sliding mode control

In sliding mode control the less is the reaching time to the switching surface, the more robust is the system. In this paper a systematic control strategy based on an optimal method has been designed to extract a rotation rule for sliding surface. Optimality and robustness of the designed controller against disturbance and variations has been shown via simulation and compared with other methods.
Observer design for a class of nonlinear systems using dynamic scaling with application to adaptive control

A constructive algorithm for designing an observer for a class of nonlinear systems is presented. We follow the invariant manifold based approach which allows to shape the dynamics of the estimation error. However, this shaping relies on the solution of a PDE which becomes difficult for multi-output systems. In this paper we remove this restriction by adding to the reduced-order observer an output filter and a single dynamic scaling parameter. We show that this method can be applied to systems with unknown parameters, leading to a new class of adaptive controllers. As an application, we consider two examples: an induction motor with unknown load and a longitudinal controller for an aircraft with unknown aerodynamic properties.
Clinical Event Detection with Hybrid Neural Architecture

Event detection from clinical notes has been traditionally solved with rule based and statistical natural language processing (NLP) approaches that require extensive domain knowledge and feature engineering. In this paper, we have explored the feasibility of approaching this task with recurrent neural networks, clinical word embeddings and introduced a hybrid architecture to improve detection for entities with smaller representation in the dataset. A comparative analysis is also done which reveals the complementary behavior of neural networks and conditional random fields in clinical entity detection.
Origin and temperature dependence of radiation damage in biological samples at cryogenic temperatures

Radiation damage is the major impediment for obtaining structural information from biological samples by using ionizing radiation such as x-rays or electrons. The knowledge of underlying processes especially at cryogenic temperatures is still fragmentary, and a consistent mechanism has not been found yet. By using a combination of single-crystal x-ray diffraction, small-angle scattering, and qualitative and quantitative radiolysis experiments, we show that hydrogen gas, formed inside the sample during irradiation, rather than intramolecular bond cleavage between non-hydrogen atoms, is mainly responsible for the loss of high-resolution information and contrast in diffraction experiments and microscopy. The experiments that are presented in this paper cover a temperature range between 5 and 160 K and reveal that the commonly used temperature in x-ray crystallography of 100 K is not optimal in terms of minimizing radiation damage and thereby increasing the structural information obtainable in a single experiment. At 50 K, specific radiation damage to disulfide bridges is reduced by a factor of 4 compared to 100 K, and samples can tolerate a factor of 2.6 and 3.9 higher dose, as judged by the increase of Rfree values of elastase and cubic insulin crystals, respectively.
Who Should Decide Whether the Apple Is Rotten? Tax Disclosure and Corporate Political Agency

Enron-type corporate financial accounting scandals in the beginning of the millennium have given rise to a renewed interest in corporate tax disclosure. Anecdotal evidence suggesting a connection between corporate fraud and aggressive tax planning has motivated academics and policymakers to reconsider tax disclosure as a way to monitor corporate governance and limit tax avoidance. This article offers a different perspective on tax disclosure, tying it to the broader question of how policymakers should monitor the political impact of corporate business activities.The article claims that policymakers should view corporations’ tax planning strategies as part of a broader corporate political impact on social issues. This impact results from the genuine difficulty of bifurcating corporate business decisions from their political ones. This difficulty is a result of many judgment calls required in such decisions, which relate to individuals’ moral and political preferences. Tax planning is one of these mixed business-political decisions, and the article advances the notion that policymakers should analyze tax planning not only as a law enforcement issue, but also through corporate governance lenses. To establish this inquiry, the article explains why the investor-shareholder relationship gives rise to political agency problems, which neither traditional nor critical corporate law literatures recognize. It then demonstrates how the costs associated with this type of agency relationship could be reduced via disclosure of information about the impact of corporate activities on issues of political concern. The article uses insights from financial markets theory to explain how disclosure of non-financial information would help to better align corporate actions with the political preferences of shareholders, despite shareholder rational passivity and apathy. It is then illustrated, through the Apple case, how policymakers can use the theoretical conclusions reached through this analysis to formulate a real world policy proposal with respect to corporation tax planning. Through its use of a wide range of interdisciplinary resources, this article aims to reformulate the multi-layered inquiry over the benefits and costs associated with corporate tax disclosure.
Structure of Flavones and Flavonols. Part II: Role of Position on the O-H Bond Dissociation Enthalpy

The enthalpies of bond dissociations of the hydroxyl groups, the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals and the corresponding radicals spin densities of all possible ten isomeric mono-hydroxyl flavones are calculated by means of 3-parameter Becke, Lee, Yang and Parr functional. The structural factors affecting these descriptors of radical-scavenging activity are outlined. The results obtained show that the hydroxyl groups in ring A and C are more involved in the process of a radical-capturing than recently believed.
Epidemiology of Obesity and Pharmacologic Treatment Options

Prevalence of obesity and its related morbidity have increased to alarming levels in adults and children in the United States and globally. Weight loss results in improvement of much of the obesity-related morbidity. Lifestyle changes such as dietary modifications, increased physical activity, and behavioral therapy form the crux of weight management. However, many individuals need additional assistance (pharmacologic or surgical) to initiate or sustain weight loss. Pharmacologic therapy consists of a number of agents that work by decreasing appetite, gastric emptying, or nutrient absorption or by increasing satiety. Five classes of drug are currently approved for adults, including sympathomimetics (with and without an antiepileptic agent topiramate), gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors, serotonin agonists, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and antidepressant/opioid antagonist combination. Pharmacologic options for children with obesity are minimal (lipase inhibitor orlistat is the only approved medication for children aged >12 years); however, all adult medications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for children aged >16 years old. While side effect profiles of these medications are far superior to older medications, their use is limited by lack of long-term cardiovascular safety data, costs of medications and variable insurance coverages, and the need for continued usage for sustainable benefits. Weight loss medications may induce complacence, on part of both the patient and the provider, regarding lifestyle modifications, without which the drug therapy is almost certain to be of minimal benefit. Several novel drugs are in the pipeline targeting brown fat, energy expenditure, appetite suppression, and satiety.
Persistent Post‐Traumatic Headache, Postconcussion Syndrome, and Whiplash Injuries: The Evidence for a Non‐Traumatic Basis With an Historical Review

There has been intense controversy about postconcussion syndrome since Erichsen's publication in 1866 on railway brain and railway spine. The fascinating history of this debate will be reviewed and then the non‐organic explanations for postconcussion syndrome, headaches after head injury, and chronic whiplash injuries and headaches will be explored including the following: psychogenic, psychosocial, sociocultural, base rate misattribution, chronic pain, compensation and litigation, and malingering.
Functional Neuroplasticity in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius and Increased Risk of Sudden Death in Mice with Acquired Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Abstract Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in individuals with refractory acquired epilepsy. Cardiorespiratory failure is the most likely cause in most cases, and central autonomic dysfunction has been implicated as a contributing factor to SUDEP. Neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem vagal complex receive and integrate vagally mediated information regarding cardiorespiratory and other autonomic functions, and GABAergic inhibitory NTS neurons play an essential role in modulating autonomic output. We assessed the activity of GABAergic NTS neurons as a function of epilepsy development in the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Compared with age-matched controls, mice that survived SE had significantly lower survival rates by 150 d post-SE. GABAergic NTS neurons from mice that survived SE displayed a glutamate-dependent increase in spontaneous action potential firing rate by 12 wks post-SE. Increased spontaneous EPSC frequency was also detected, but vagal afferent synaptic release properties were unaltered, suggesting that an increase in glutamate release from central neurons developed in the NTS after SE. Our results indicate that long-term changes in glutamate release and activity of GABAergic neurons emerge in the NTS in association with epileptogenesis. These changes might contribute to increased risk of cardiorespiratory dysfunction and sudden death in this model of TLE.
Regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor expression by reovirus.

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transcytoses dimeric IgA and IgA-coated immune complexes from the lamina propria across epithelia and into secretions. The effect of reovirus infection on regulation of pIgR expression in the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 was characterized in this report. Both replication-competent and UV-inactivated reovirus at m.o. i. equivalents of 1-100 p.f. u. per cell upregulated pIgR mRNA by 24 h post-infection and intracellular pIgR protein was increased at 48 h following exposure to UV-inactivated virus. Binding of virus to HT-29 cells was required, as pre-incubating virus with specific antiserum, but not non-immune serum, inhibited reovirus-mediated pIgR upregulation. Endosomal acidification leading to uncoating of virus is a required step for pIgR upregulation, as ammonium chloride or bafilomycin A1 pre-treatment inhibited virus-induced pIgR upregulation. Inhibition experiments using the calpain inhibitor N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal suggested that calpains are involved in reovirus-mediated pIgR upregulation. Upregulation of pIgR following virus infection appears to be an innate immune response against invading pathogens that could help the host clear infection effectively. Signalling induced by microbes and their products may serve to augment pIgR-mediated transcytosis of IgA, linking the innate and acquired immune responses to viruses.
Occult Carcinoma in 866 Reduction Mammaplasties: Preserving the Choice of Lumpectomy

Background: Occult breast carcinoma is occasionally found in reduction mammaplasty specimens. Historically, these patients were treated with mastectomy because the exact location of the tumor was unknown. Currently, breast conservation is the treatment of choice in 50 to 85 percent of breast cancers. The authors present a technique of routine specimen marking that allows localization of the tumor and preservation of the choice of lumpectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 866 patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty performed by a single surgeon between 1990 and 2009. Data were collected for patients who had occult cancer found in their specimens, including age, cancer risk factors, abnormality, nodal status, selected treatment, and survival status. Specimens were marked and oriented and then sent in separate bags to the pathologist. Results: There were 10 cases of occult carcinoma among the 866 women (1.15 percent) who underwent reduction mammaplasty. Six cancers were found in patients undergoing reduction for symptomatic macromastia [n = 629 (0.95 percent)]. Four new cancers were found in the group of patients with a personal history of cancer [n = 237 (1.69 percent)]. All 10 patients had normal preoperative mammograms. Location, size, and margin status were easily identified and patients were offered the choice of lumpectomy or mastectomy. Conclusions: This article demonstrates that careful marking of reduction specimens in high-risk patients or in women older than 40 years allows the pathologist to orient, localize, and further section tissue for margin status. Communication among plastic surgeon, pathologist, oncologist, and radiation therapist preserves the choice of breast conserving therapy for early cancers.
Increasing the Lifetime of Symmetric Keys for the GCM Mode by Internal Re-keying

In this paper we introduce a classification of existing approaches to increase the security of block cipher operation modes based on re-keying, putting the focus on so-called internal re-keying without master key — re-keying during each separate message processing with no additional keys required. For extending the GCM base mode we provide an internal re-keying technique called ACPKM. This technique does not require additional secret parameters or complicated transformations — for key updating only the base encryption function is used. We quantify the security of the re-keyed GCM-ACPKM mode, respecting standard security notions with nonce-respecting adversaries, as a function of the security of a used primitive. We claim that the obtained proof framework can be reused to provide security bounds for other re-keyed modes without a master key. We also show that the ACPKM internal re-keying technique increases security, essentially extending the lifetime of a key with a minor loss in performance. We also consider the composition of internal and external re-keying and compare key lifetime limitations for the base and re-keyed GCM modes in TLS 1.3.
Testosterone concentrations in testes of normal men: effects of testosterone propionate administration.

ABSTRACT Testicular and plasma testosterone (T) and plasma LH levels were determined in 6 normal men. Two of these men received 50 mg testosterone propionate (TP) daily for 10 and 25 weeks, respectively. Testicular and plasma T and plasma LH assays were again performed during TP administration. The mean T concentration for 5 control testicular biopsies was 553 ng/g ± 90 sd, which was approximately 100 times higher than average normal plasma T concentrations (assuming 1 ml plasma ≅ 1 g tissue). Administration of TP resulted in the following: 1) LH was rapidly reduced to undetectable levels; 2) testicular T decreased by about 95%; 3) plasma T increased nearly 2-fold; and 4) sperm concentration dropped sharply. Since a high concentration of testicular T is known to be required for normal spermatogenesis, we conclude that the cause of the depression of spermatogenesis in men given TP is the striking reduction in testicular T.
Whistleblowers: troublemakers or virtuous nurses?

ization to address accountability for the safety and welfare of the patients. The nurse feels compelled in the face of inaction to take a stand against the wrongdoing in the organization. Because staff nurses have an increasing responsibility to maintain an ethical practice environment, it is important to cover the organizational ethics issues and solutions as well. A discussion of what both the organization and the nurses in leadership roles within the organization can do to help maintain the business’ moral compass will be discussed in an upcoming Ethics, Law, & Policy column.
Therapeutic Positioning, Wheelchair Seating, and Pulmonary Function of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Research Synthesis

&NA; This review analyzed research literature concerning pulmonary function and positioning of persons with cerebral palsy (CP) who lack trunk control. The search reviewed iterature publishedl from 1966 through March 2003. Twenty‐eight references located by electronic database search were analyzed using Moody's Research Analysis Tool. All reflected either a physiologic or therapy‐based model involving function in activities of daily living, but no health outcomes. One reference applied a nursing model to care of developmentally disabled persons, including those with CP. Existing research gaps include the need for human subjects, larger sample sizes, measurement of influence of gravity on body position, greater precision in describing independent variables of positioning, and participation by children with disabilities. This paper proposes a conceptual model using Orem's self‐care theory upon which to base nursing interventions, including therapeutic positioning of persons with CP who lack trunk control. Future nursing research should explore health outcomes of various properties of wheelchair positioning.
Notice of RetractionSpatial and Temporal Changes of Infectious Diseases in China

China is a developing country with high incidence of infectious diseases, and its spatial and temporal changes are the significant issues to research. This paper uses the time series and spacial series contrasting method to analyze the changes of infectious diseases in the province level. The results show: from the temporal change analysis, the incidence of infectious diseases in China declined rapidly during the second half of the 20th century, however, it shows a sign of rebound after 2005; from the spatial distribution and change analysis during 2002-2009, the high incidence regions transformed from the western regions to the southeast coastal areas and the northwest regions. Around the Bohai Sea and its southern areas are the lowest infectious diseases incidence regions. The study results can provide valuable information to public health policymakers and the human health researches.
Genes of tolerance

Activation‐induced cell death, anergy and/or immune response modulation by T‐regulatory cells (TReg) are essential mechanisms of peripheral T‐cell tolerance. There is growing evidence that anergy, tolerance and active suppression are not entirely distinct, but rather, represent linked mechanisms possibly involving the same cells and multiple suppressor mechanisms. Skewing of allergen‐specific effector T cells to TReg cells appears as a crucial event in the control of healthy immune response to allergens and successful allergen‐specific immunotherapy. The TReg cell response is characterized by abolished allergen‐induced specific T‐cell proliferation and suppressed T helper 1 (Th1)‐ and Th2‐type cytokine secretion. In addition, mediators of allergic inflammation that trigger cAMP‐associated G‐protein coupled receptors, such as histamine receptor 2 may contribute to peripheral tolerance mechanisms. The increased levels of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) that are produced by TReg cells potently suppress immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, while simultaneously increasing production of noninflammatory isotypes IgG4 and IgA, respectively. In addition, TReg cells directly or indirectly suppress effector cells of allergic inflammation such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. In conclusion, peripheral tolerance to allergens is controlled by multiple active suppression mechanisms. It is associated with regulation of antibody isotypes and effector cells to the direction of a healthy immune response and opens a window for novel therapies of allergic diseases.
Clinical analysis of drug‐induced sleep endoscopy for the OSA patient

To determine if the use of drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with improved outcomes and acceptable complication rates when compared to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) with or without tonsillectomy (± T).