Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP) Version 1 aerosol extinction retrieval algorithm: theoretical basis

Abstract. The theoretical basis of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP) Version 1 aerosol extinction retrieval algorithm is presented. The algorithm uses an assumed bimodal lognormal aerosol size distribution to retrieve aerosol extinction profiles at 675 nm from OMPS LP radiance measurements. A first-guess aerosol extinction profile is updated by iteration using the Chahine nonlinear relaxation method, based on comparisons between the measured radiance profile at 675 nm and the radiance profile calculated by the Gauss–Seidel limb-scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer model for a spherical-shell atmosphere. This algorithm is discussed in the context of previous limb-scattering aerosol extinction retrieval algorithms, and the most significant error sources are enumerated. The retrieval algorithm is limited primarily by uncertainty about the aerosol phase function. Horizontal variations in aerosol extinction, which violate the spherical-shell atmosphere assumed in the version 1 algorithm, may also limit the quality of the retrieved aerosol extinction profiles significantly.
Detection of Heavy Metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu) through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy from Water Samples of the River Yamuna at Different Locations in the NCT of Delhi, India

This study was done to detect heavy metal traces such as Chromium, Cobalt, Nickel and Cadmium in water samples collected from different sites of Yamuna in the NCT of Delhi. The water samples were collected from Rajghat, Nigambhodh Ghat and Nizamuddin respectively. Chromium, Cobalt, Nickle and Copper were analyzed in water samples with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The average concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni and Cd in water samples were found 0.0073 mg/L, 0.0266 mg/L, 0.0026 mg/L, and 0.033 mg/L respectively. The concentration of Cadmiun was found higher than other three groups of metals. However, concentration of heavy metals found in the water samples of all three locations except Rajghat was within the permissible limits of World Health Orgnization (WHO) and safe to consume for irrigation. But the Cd in water sample of Rajghat was found to be ten times more than the permissible limit of WHO.
Regional Development Platform Method (RDPM) as a tool for regional innovation policy 1

Abstract Regional development strategies should be based on the sound assessment of regional resources, as well as on forming dynamic capabilities aiming to develop the resource configurations in order to form regional competitive advantage. In this study, the concept “regional development platform” is used as a tool for assessing the regional potentials on which sustainable, competitive advantage could be built. The Regional Development Platform Method (RDPM) is presented as a tool for designing and managing a regional innovation system. It consists of eight phases, in which the underlying potential in the region is explored and the exploitation of the potential organized. The experiences gained from applying the RDPM in the Lahti region, Finland, are used to illustrate the article.
UAV-BASED MONITORING OF PEDESTRIAN GROUPS

Abstract. In this work we discuss the problem how pedestrians can be monitored from an eye in the sky. Pedestrian monitoring is very important for large-scale surveillance of big events like festivals or demonstrations, and similarly for normal public places. At such settings it is not only important to know if an abnormal scenario is taking place in a pedestrian crowd in general, but also what specific type of scenario is taking place. Also, monitoring authorities benefit from an additional rating if the detected scenario is potentially dangerous to be able to react in an adequate manner. Therefore, we constructed a complex event detector (CED) to detect specific and potentially dangerous scenarios in pedestrian groups. For the development and evaluation of the CED we generated a novel dataset of moving pedestrian groups. The dataset was captured from an 8-rotor helicopter and consists of image sequences of 15 group behaviour scenarios in several complexity levels. We discuss the advantages of UAV imagery in comparison to aerial imagery captured from planes for the problem of pedestrian monitoring. Furthermore, we discuss the results of our CED for pedestrian groups which is able to detect scenarios which potentially occur in moving crowds.
Longitudinal flow evolution and turbulence structure of dynamically similar, sustained, saline density and turbidity currents

[1] Experimental results are presented concerning flow evolution and turbulence structure of sustained saline and turbidity flows generated on 0°, 3°, 6°, and 9° sloping ramps that terminate abruptly onto a horizontal floor. Two-component velocity and current density were measured with an ultrasonic Doppler velocity profiler and siphon sampler on the slope, just beyond the slope break and downstream on the horizontal floor. Three main factors influence longitudinal flow evolution and turbulence structure: sediment transport and sedimentation, slope angle, and the presence of a slope break. These controls interact differently depending on flow type. Sediment transport is accompanied by an inertial fluid reaction that enhances Reynolds stresses in turbidity flows. Thus turbidity flows mix more vigorously than equivalent saline density flows. For saline flows, turbulent kinetic energy is dependent on slope, and rapid deceleration occurs on the horizontal floor. For turbidity flows, normalized turbulent kinetic energy increases downstream, and mean streamwise deceleration is reduced compared with saline flows. The slope break causes mean bed-normal velocity of turbidity flows to become negative and have a gentler gradient compared with other locations. A reduction of peak Reynolds normal stress in the bed-normal direction is accompanied by an increase in turbulent accelerations across the rest of the flow thickness. Thus the presence of particles acts to increase Reynolds normal stresses independently of gradients of mean velocity, and sediment transport increases across the break in slope. The experiments illustrate that saline density currents may not be good dynamic analogues for natural turbidity currents.
The effect of organizational justice towards interpersonal helping behavior in organization: Perceived ethnic discrimination as moderator

Organization is formed by a group of people with difference gender, ethnicity and age in which doing their own duties to achieve the same goal. Diversity of individuals within the organization generates variations of manner and behavior. Especially in Sabah, diversity and uniqueness of ethnic produced various of cultures, customs and behaviors. However, organization justice helps to determine behavior to cooperate in achieving organizational goals. Organization justice is also able to create a good perception of the organization and avoid discrimination against workers. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organizational justice towards interpersonal helping behavior of employees. This study also examines the role of perceived ethnic discrimination as a moderator in the relationship between organizational justice and interpersonal helping behavior. A total of 453 employees in Kota Kinabalu were involved in this study. This study was conducted by using three questionnaires namely 1)Organizational Justice Survey (OJS), 2)Perceived Discrimination and 3)Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (OCBs). Results showed organizational justice and perceived ethnic discrimination have a significant effect towards Interpersonal helping behavior. Perceived ethnic discrimination played a role as a moderator in the relationship between organizational justice and interpersonal helping behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Influences of Commuting Mode , Air Conditioning Mode and Meteorological Parameters on Fine Particle ( PM 2 . 5 ) Exposure Levels in Traffic

With the aim of determining the impacts of various factors on commuter exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a series of field studies were carried out to measure commuter exposure to PM2.5 on six major commuting modes (in-cabin mode: bus, taxi and metro; on-roadway mode: walking, bicycle and motorcycle) in a highly industrialized city in the Pearl River Delta, China. The results showed that the exposure level was greatly influenced by the commuter mode, with the onroadway mode showing a higher PM2.5 concentration (76 μg/m). An experiment with the taxi mode suggested that the use of air-conditioning can effectively reduce exposure levels in most cases (by at least 83%). Apart from traffic-related emissions, ambient PM2.5 concentration also had important impacts on exposure levels in most commuting modes, which was further ascertained by the seasonal variations in exposure levels and their significant correlations (p < 0.05) with meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction). The results of a General Linear Model analysis show that temperature, traffic mode and wind speed were significant factors that explained 27.3% of variability for the incabin mode, while relative humidity and wind speed were the significant determinants for the on-roadway mode, which contributed 14.1% of variability. In addition, wind direction was also an important determinant for both in-cabin and onroadway modes. This study has some valuable implications that can help commuters to adopt appropriate travel behavior to reduce their personal exposure to such pollutants.
Release of oxalate and protons by ectomycorrhizal fungi in response to P-deficiency and calcium carbonate in nutrient solution

La liberation d'oxalate et de protons par six isolats fongiques ectomycorhiziens (Hebeloma cylindrosporum 1 et 9, Paxillus involutus, Suillus collinitus 2 et 22, Rhizopogon roseolus), capables de se developper sur NO - 3 comme seule source d'azote, a ete mesuree en presence de differentes concentrations en orthophosphate (Pi) (20,100 et 500 μM) et de CaCO 3 (+500 μM de Pi) dans le milieu de culture. En absence de CaCO 3 , tous les isolats liberent de l'oxalate, excepte ceux de H. cylindrosporum. Pour chaque isolat, la production d'oxalate ne depend pas de la deficience en P mais est fortement augmentee par la presence de CaCO 3 . Quelle que soit la composition du milieu, H. cylindrosporum alcalinise la solution. Parmi les isolats produisant de l'oxalate, S. collinitus 22 et R. roseolus presentent un fort efflux de protons qui pourrait etre lie aux phenomenes de transport accompagnant l'excretion d'oxalate. La presence de CaCO 3 stimule les efflux d'oxalate et de protons, augmentant ainsi l'action chimique exercee par les champignons sur le mineral.
Stress and rhythm in the Nigerian accent of English

This paper undertakes the investigation of the disposition to stress of Nigerian users of English and the nature of Spoken Nigerian English rhythm. The subjects of the study are sixty Nigerians of varied socio-economic, educational and ethnolinguistic backgrounds and a native (British) English speaker whose productions from reading a passage and speaking freely for three minutes on a common topic were analysed perceptually, statistically and acoustically using the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Ranks Test, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Fast Fourrier Transform (FFT) routine in the SignalyzeO software with a Performa 450 computer. The study identifies three varieties of Spoken Nigerian English characterized by their disposition to stress and speech rhythm: the Nonstandard, the Standard and the Sophisticated Varieties which are individually different but collectively similar yet different from Standard British English represented by the control's performance. The common performance features include a preponderance of stressed syllables and a tendency to have more or less even syllable durations and longer utterance durations than the native speaker. These features which are traceable to non-reduction of vowels in unstressed positions tend to characterise the Nigerian accent of English.
An extension to cyclic indexing

So far as chain indexing is concerned, the whole class numb.er in single-entry system, representing the integral subject, is indexed. But complex subjects generally get long class numbers, specially when the UDC scheme is used. Indexing of such subject leads to scattering of their parts. Multiple -entry system is adopted to mirrirrrise the scatter by indexing component class numbers (which are separated from one another by colon) separately. This reduces the subject scatter and lessens the load on alphabetical index. But, since the class number get multiple entries under each of its components in the classified file, the economy, brought about by multipleentry system, is substantially nullified because the classified file swells up disproportionately in the long run.
Preconditioned proximal point methods and notions of partial subregularity

Based on the needs of convergence proofs of preconditioned proximal point methods, we introduce notions of partial strong submonotonicity and partial (metric) subregularity of set-valued maps. We study relationships between these two concepts, neither of which is generally weaker or stronger than the other one. For our algorithmic purposes, the novel submonotonicity turns out to be easier to employ than more conventional error bounds obtained from subregularity. Using strong submonotonicity, we demonstrate the a posteriori linear convergence of the Primal--Dual Hybrid Gradient Method (Modified) to some strictly complementary solutions of example problems from image processing and data science. This is without the conventional assumption that all the objective functions of the involved saddle point problem are strongly convex.
Limited ability of Palestine Sunbirds Nectarinia osea to cope with pyridine alkaloids in nectar of Tree Tobacco Nicotiana glauca

Summary 1. Secondary compounds are common in floral nectar but their relative effects on nectar consumption and utilization in nectarivorous birds are unclear. 2. We studied the effect of two pyridine alkaloids, nicotine and anabasine, present in Tree Tobacco ( Nicotiana glauca ) nectar, on food consumption, gut transit time and sugar assimilation efficiency of the Palestine Sunbird ( Nectarinia osea ), a pollinator of N. glauca in east Mediterranean ecosystems. 3. Sunbirds demonstrated dose-dependent deterrence; they were not deterred by the lowest natural concentrations of these alkaloids in nectar (0·1 ppm nicotine and 0·6 ppm anabasine) but they were significantly deterred by the average concentrations detected in nectar (0·5 ppm nicotine and 5 ppm anabasine). 4. The two pyridine alkaloids reduced gut transit time (by 30‐42%) and sugar assimilation efficiency (by 9‐17%) compared with the control alkaloid-free diet. 5. Sunbirds are able to cope with low, but not average, concentrations of nicotine and anabasine in N. glauca nectar. If sunbirds are efficient pollinators of N. glauca they may induce selection on it to reduce pyridine alkaloid production in the nectar. Alternatively, high concentrations in some N. glauca plants may lead the birds to visit more plants with lower alkaloid concentrations. Hence, they will be more efficient pollinators, especially if other nectar-producing plants are scarce.
Master thesis : Development of cell counting algorithms within pathological tissues

Development of cell counting algorithms within pathological tissues. Author : Ulysse Rubens Supervisor : Dr. Raphaël Marée, Advisor : Prof. Pierre Geurts Academic year 2016-2017 Counting objects in images is within the reach of everyone. When the number of objects to count becomes large, the task is more difficult and we tend to make errors because of some oversights. For a computer, counting or detecting objects in images is hard. However, the repetitive characteristic of this task does not worry it. In histopathology, the study of pathology combined to histology (the study of cells and tissues), scientists frequently have to count cells from images of tissues to address hypotheses about pathological or developmental processes. The rise of digital imaging services and the power of computers and networks led to the emergence of digital histopathology, a new field where histopathologists analyze cells and tissues on computer screens. Therefore, it would be interesting to have automatic counting methods available to lighten the work of life scientists. It this thesis, the problem of cell counting and the closely related problem of cell detection are studied. Supervised machine learning workflows are proposed in that purpose. Five methods are presented, (re-)implemented and tried on four databases of histopathological images, whose two are newly introduced for this kind of problem. We set up the software modules allowing to use these algorithms directly on databases from Cytomine, a web-based application for collaborative analysis of multi-gigapixel images. Basically, two ways of counting are studied. Firstly, counting can be done by cell detection, the counting trivially being the number of detections. Secondly, counting can be estimated by density estimation, knowing the density for each image’s pixel. An important aspect of this work is the assessment and the comparison of these approaches. Performance results in machine learning literature are sometimes too optimistic due to weak model validation. Robust metrics are thus defined in order to make comparisons possible. Each machine learning algorithm has a set of parameters that can be tuned. They have a large influence on the performance. In order to choose the best combination of parameters, a systematic model selection protocol is employed. It is the first time that such a set of methods has been evaluated on several datasets of such a large size. Our study has helped to better understand the functioning of these methods and to establish their limits. Results are encouraging. In general, at least one algorithm is able to reach a counting error less than 10% for each dataset.
Assessing the Ultraviolet Exposure Level in Welding Workers of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex

: Background : Because of being exposed to a wide range of ultraviolet radiations, welders are prone to eye and skin diseases. This study aims at determining the ultraviolet exposure level in welding workers of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex. Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 on all welding workers of the complex using Hagner UV digital radiometer. Results : The mean value for the received ultraviolet radiation level was 0.09±0.045 j2/cm2. The level of UV exposure was significantly different (p=0.001) for the welders working in different units of the complex. The mineworkers received the highest level of radiation (0.14 j2/cm2). Conclusion : In this study, the ultraviolet exposure of welding workers is below the allowable threshold limit for UV radiation.
Long-term mannitol-induced osmotic stress leads to stomatal closure, carbohydrate accumulation and changes in leaf elasticity in Phaselous vulgaris leaves

This work was supported by the AQUARHIZ Project: “Modulation of plant-bacteria interactions to enhance tolerance to water deficit for grain legumes in the Mediterranean dry lands” PT6 Project INCO-CT-2004-509115, and by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (LR10CBBC02).
Når omsorgen udliciteres

Vi undersøger i denne artikel den særlige relation, der opstår mellem mennesker med demens, deres pårørende og plejepersonalet, når demensramte flytter på plejehjem – det vi kalder en omsorgstrojka. Når demensramte flytter på plejehjem, er det ikke bare de fysiske rammer, der skiftes ud, der sker også et skift i de nære relationer, hvorigennem mennesket med demens lever sit liv. I denne artikel ser vi nærmere på den ambivalente og ofte konfliktfyldte omsorgstrojka, der opstår mellem demensramte, deres pårørende og plejepersonale og de nye former for forbundethed, der opstår igennem denne relation. Vores analyse tager udgangspunkt i feltarbejde foretaget på en demensafdeling på et dansk plejehjem, vi kalder Frydendal, hvor der gentagelsesvist opstod konflikter mellem plejepersonale og pårørende. Konflikterne handlede ofte om, hvordan der bedst kunne drages omsorg for beboerne. Hvor begge parter ønskede det bedste for beboeren, var der ofte en grundlæggende uenighed, i forhold til hvordan det bedst kunne foranlediges. Ved at belyse hvordan omsorgen praktiseres i samspillet mellem pårørende, demensramte og plejepersonale, viser vi, hvordan genstanden for omsorgen og hvad den er rettet mod, er forskellig blandt hhv. pårørende og plejepersonale. Hvor pårørende trækker på en historisk erindring om mennesket med demens’ person og søger at opretholde en kontinuitet i deres omsorgspraksisser og måden de møder mennesket med demens på, tager plejepersonalet udgangspunkt i en mere situationsbestemt og institutionsforankret omsorgspraksis, som i højere grad er rettet mod kollektivet og et ønske om at bevare roen blandt beboerne på plejehjemmet. Vi argumenterer afslutningsvist for, at der er brug for et større institutionelt fokus på at håndtere de dilemmaer, konflikter og samarbejdsformer, der opstår i denne omsorgstrojka, når mennesker med demens flytter på plejehjem.
Conversion of CO2 to CO gas using molten CaCl2 and ZrO2 anode

Preferential decomposition of CO2 gas to CO gas was examined by using a combination of CaCl2-CaO melt as a reaction media and ZrO2-8mol% Y2O3 solid-state electrolyte as anode. The conversion ratio of CO2 to CO became larger at the higher temperature, and approached the maximum (88.2%) at 1273 K. The highest CO concentration was generated at cell voltage of 2.55 V, which is close to theoretical decomposition voltage of CaO. Therefore, in addition to calciothermic reaction between precipitated Ca and CO2 gas bubbles, CO2 decomposes preferentially via the decomposition reaction of carbonate ions. Namely CO2 gas dissolves to form CO3 under coexistence of CaO in the melt, CO3 precipitates carbon or CO gas bubbles on the cathode, and a part of carbon reacts with the blown CO2 gas to form CO. CO gas is used as an effective fuel with easy handling in steel plants.
CH4 and δ18O of O2 records from Antarctic and Greenland ice: A clue for stratigraphic disturbance in the bottom part of the Greenland Ice Core Project and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice cores

The suggestion of climatic instability during the last interglacial period (Eem), based on the bottom 10% of the Greenland Ice core Project (GRIP) isotopic profile, has been questioned because the bottom record from the neighboring Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) core (28 km away) is strikingly different over the same interval and because records of the δ18O of atmospheric O2 from both cores showed unexpected rapid fluctuations. Here we present detailed methane records from the Vostok (Antarctica), GRIP, and GISP2 cores over the relevant intervals. The GRIP and GISP2 data show rapid and large changes in methane concentration, which are correlative with variations of the δ18O of the ice, while the Vostok record shows no such variations. This discrepancy reinforces the suggestion that the bottom sections of the Greenland records are disturbed. By combining the methane data with measurements of δ18O of O2 in the same samples, we attempt to constrain the nature of the stratigraphic disturbance and the age of the analyzed ice samples. Our results suggest that ice layers from part of the last interglacial period exist in the lower section of both ice cores and that some of the apparent climate instabilities in the GRIP core would be the result of a mixture of ice from the last interglacial with ice from the beginning of the last glaciation or from the penultimate glaciation.