Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration of METRIC Model to Estimate Energy Balance over a Drip-Irrigated Apple Orchard

A field experiment was carried out to calibrate and evaluate the METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution Internalized with Calibration) model for estimating the spatial and temporal variability of instantaneous net radiation (Rni), soil heat flux (Gi), sensible heat flux (Hi), and latent heat flux (LEi) over a drip-irrigated apple (Malus domestica cv. Pink Lady) orchard located in the Pelarco valley, Maule Region, Chile (35°25′20′′LS; 71°23′57′′LW; 189 m.a.s.l.). The study was conducted in a plot of 5.5 hectares using 20 satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+) acquired on clear sky days during three growing seasons (2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015). Specific sub-models to estimate Gi, leaf area index (LAI) and aerodynamic roughness length for momentum transfer (Zom) were calibrated for the apple orchard as an improvement to the standard METRIC model. The performance of the METRIC model was evaluated at the time of satellite overpass using measurements of Hi and LEi obtained from an eddy correlation system. In addition, estimated values of Rni, Gi and LAI were compared with ground-truth measurements from a four-way net radiometer, soil heat flux plates and plant canopy analyzer, respectively. Validation indicated that LAI, Zom and Gi were estimated using the calibrated functions with errors of +2%, +6% and +3% while those were computed using the standard functions with error of +59%, +83%, and +12%, respectively. In addition, METRIC using the calibrated functions estimated Hi and LEi with error of +5% and +16%, while using the original functions estimated Hi and LEi with error of +29% and +26%, respectively.
An extension of the Relational Metamodel of CWM to represent Secure Data Warehouses at the Logical Level

Generally, security and audit measures for Data Warehouses (DWs) are defined in the final implementation on top of commercial systems because there is not a standard for the exchange and the operability of metadata. The Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) proposal is broadly accepted as the standard for the interchange and the interoperability of metadata. Nevertheless, it does not allow us to specify security measures. In this paper, we make use of the extension mechanisms provided by the CWM to extend the relational package to specify, at the logical level, the security and audit rules captured during the conceptual modeling phase of the DWs design. Moreover, in order to show the benefits of our extension, we apply it to a case study related to the management of the pharmacies consortium businesses.
The Fecal Virome of Pigs on a High-Density Farm

ABSTRACT Swine are an important source of proteins worldwide but are subject to frequent viral outbreaks and numerous infections capable of infecting humans. Modern farming conditions may also increase viral transmission and potential zoonotic spread. We describe here the metagenomics-derived virome in the feces of 24 healthy and 12 diarrheic piglets on a high-density farm. An average of 4.2 different mammalian viruses were shed by healthy piglets, reflecting a high level of asymptomatic infections. Diarrheic pigs shed an average of 5.4 different mammalian viruses. Ninety-nine percent of the viral sequences were related to the RNA virus families Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, and Caliciviridae, while 1% were related to the small DNA virus families Circoviridae, and Parvoviridae. Porcine RNA viruses identified, in order of decreasing number of sequence reads, consisted of kobuviruses, astroviruses, enteroviruses, sapoviruses, sapeloviruses, coronaviruses, bocaviruses, and teschoviruses. The near-full genomes of multiple novel species of porcine astroviruses and bocaviruses were generated and phylogenetically analyzed. Multiple small circular DNA genomes encoding replicase proteins plus two highly divergent members of the Picornavirales order were also characterized. The possible origin of these viral genomes from pig-infecting protozoans and nematodes, based on closest sequence similarities, is discussed. In summary, an unbiased survey of viruses in the feces of intensely farmed animals revealed frequent coinfections with a highly diverse set of viruses providing favorable conditions for viral recombination. Viral surveys of animals can readily document the circulation of known and new viruses, facilitating the detection of emerging viruses and prospective evaluation of their pathogenic and zoonotic potentials.
Calpain activation is required for glutamate‐induced p27 down‐regulation in cultured cortical neurons

Recent evidence suggests that cell cycle‐related molecules play pivotal roles in multiple forms of cell death in post‐mitotic neurons. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation of expression levels and activities of these molecules. We showed previously that treatment with extracellular glutamate decreases cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27 before neuronal cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that reductions of both p27 and neuronal viability were dependent on activity of calpain, a Ca2+‐dependent protease, but not on activity of caspase 3. Interestingly, the glutamate‐induced reduction of p27 was not dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome system. In fact, p27 was present only in the neuronal nucleus, whereas calpain 1, a ubiquitous calpain, was observed both in the neuronal nucleus and cytoplasm in control cultures. Glutamate treatment did not change the localization patterns of p27 and calpain 1. It reduced p27 expression level in the nucleus in a calpain‐dependent manner. In vitro experiments using neuronal cell lysate and p27 recombinant protein revealed that p27 was degraded as a substrate of activated calpain 1. These results suggest that calpain(s), activated by glutamate treatment, degrade(s) p27 in the nucleus of neurons, which might promote aberrant cell cycle progression.
The Epilepsy Medication and Treatment Complexity Index: Reliability and Validity Testing

&NA; Medications are the most common treatment for epilepsy. Regimens vary from once per day dosing to several pills several times per day. More complex regimens have been associated with lower adherence rates. To date, medication complexity has been measured by the number of pills and the number of times per day the pills are taken. However, complexity also includes special instructions (e.g., take at a separate time than other medications) and the specific administration actions (e.g., take 1/2 pill). This article describes the development of an instrument designed to measure the complexity associated with epilepsy treatment regimens. The medication complexity tool (MCI) was modified to create the Epilepsy Medication and Treatment Complexity Index (EMTCI). The EMTCI comprises four sections: (a) general medication information, (b) frequency of administration, (c) special instructions, and (d) administration actions. Points are given for dosing schedules, special instructions, and administration actions. A total complexity score is calculated by adding points for each section. One form is completed for each medication prescribed for each person. The initial development of the EMTCI included revising the MCI to make it applicable to epilepsy medications. Interrater and intrarater reliability assessments were conducted. The EMTCI was administered to adults with epilepsy as part of a larger study of self‐management in people with epilepsy. Data from that study were used for further assessments of the EMTCI including test‐retest reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity. The EMTCI shows evidence of both reliability and validity. Information from the tool can be used to describe the medication complexity of epilepsy medication regimens in much greater detail than has been done previously for this population. This information is useful in describing the treatment and adherence issues for persons with epilepsy.
Identification of Ubxd8 protein as a sensor for unsaturated fatty acids and regulator of triglyceride synthesis

Fatty acids (FAs) are essential for cell survival, yet their overaccumulation causes lipotoxicity. To prevent lipotoxicity, cells store excess FAs as triglycerides (TGs). In cultured cells TG synthesis is activated by excess unsaturated but not saturated FAs. Here, we identify Ubxd8 as a sensor for unsaturated FAs and regulator of TG synthesis. In cultured cells depleted of FAs, Ubxd8 inhibits TG synthesis by blocking conversion of diacylglycerols (DAGs) to TGs. Excess unsaturated but not saturated FAs relieve this inhibition. As a result, unsaturated FAs are incorporated into TGs, whereas saturated FAs are incorporated into DAGs. In vitro, unsaturated but not saturated FAs alter the structure of purified recombinant Ubxd8 as monitored by changes in its thermal stability, trypsin cleavage pattern, and oligomerization. These results suggest that Ubxd8 acts as a brake that limits TG synthesis, and this brake is released when its structure is altered by exposure to unsaturated FAs.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanocages as Efficient Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most crucial factors limiting the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells due to its slow kinetics. [ 1 , 2 ] The development of effi cient ORR electrocatalysts is thus of great signifi cance. Today, platinum is usually used as the electrocatalyst for ORR; however, the large-scale application of fuel cells is hampered by the its scarcity and high cost. [ 3 ] In addition, Pt-based catalyst is sensitive to deactivation in the presence of CO, methanol and also susceptible to time-dependent drift. [ 1 ] Hence, great efforts have been devoted to exploring the advanced ORR catalysts to rival the commercial Pt/C catalyst in activity and durability with reduced Pt loading, [ 1 , 4–6 ] or nonprecious metals, [ 7–10 ] or even metalfree species. [ 11–16 ] Compared to Pt-based catalysts, metal-free catalysts have several noteable advantages, in that they do not suffer CO poisoning or crossover effects, have long-term operational stability, and are relatively cost-effective. Following the breakthrough in discovering the metal-free catalyst of PEDOT for ORR, [ 11 ] heteroatom-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were demonstrated to be a new kind of promising metal-free electrocatalyst. Doping with either electron-rich nitrogen [ 12 ] or electrodefi cient boron [ 13 ] can transform CNTs into superb metal-free ORR catalysts, and the co-doping can provide further space for performance optimization, [ 14 ] which forms a scientifi cally interesting and technologically important subject today. However, there are still some key issues to address. First, enhancing the catalytic activity by increasing the specifi c surface area is an important challenge. This has proven to be diffi cult for doped CNTs, [ 17 , 18 ] although undoped CNTs have been prepared with high specifi c surface areas ( > 1200 m 2 g − 1 ) in the case of singlewalled CNTs. [ 19 ] In addition, the origin of the ORR activity for doped CNTs is still a matter of controversy and need to be further clarifi ed. [ 10 , 12 , 20–22 ] Since the metal impurities with ORR activity, i.e., the residue from the catalyst used in the growth of
Clinical management of depression and anxiety in HIV-infected adults

HIV clinical care providers are increasingly confronted by comorbid psychiatric illness among their patients. Prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders among HIVinfected patients approach 50% [1]. These conditions commonly manifest around the time of diagnosis [2], but many patients develop symptoms later in their course of illness [1]. Axis I disorders, including anxiety and depression, are particularly likely to occur at times of stress–—including an illness episode, a psychosocial stressor such as divorce or loss of a loved one, and when facing a new disability. Anxiety and depression are among the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric conditions affecting HIV-infected patients [3,4]. These can complicate the treatment of HIV, presenting numerous diagnostic and interventional challenges for the clinician.
Neural correlates of cultural differences in moral decision making: a combined ERP and sLORETA study

Cultures affect human social behaviors including moral decision making. However, the brain mechanism underlying cross-cultural moral decision making is still unclear. In the current study, the neural correlates of cultural differences in moral decision making between Chinese and westerners were investigated by combining the event-related potential technique with standardized Low-Resolution brain Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) analyses. Behavioral results showed that participants made a smaller proportion of utilitarian judgments and had longer reaction times in response to personal than impersonal dilemmas, with no obvious differences between westerners and Chinese. However, the event-related potential components were significantly different between the two cultural groups. Smaller P3 amplitudes were evoked by personal than impersonal dilemmas for westerners, while for Chinese, smaller P260 deflections were elicited by personal compared with impersonal dilemmas. The current source density analysis with sLORETA revealed significantly different brain activities for P2, P3, and P260 components elicited by personal and impersonal dilemmas. Different from the sources of P2 and P3 components, which mainly localized in cingulate gyrus and medial frontal areas, the P260 component mainly activated areas in the posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, and cuneus and precuneus cortices. These findings suggest a relatively earlier initiation of the moral decision-making process for westerners and a relatively integrated processing during the solution of moral decision making for Chinese.
Alpenglow: Open Source Recommender Framework with Time-aware Learning and Evaluation

Alpenglow1 is a free and open source C++ framework with easy-touse Python API. Alpenglow is capable of training and evaluating industry standard recommendation algorithms including variants of popularity, nearest neighbor, and factorization models. Traditional recommender algorithms may periodically rebuild their models, but they cannot adjust online to quick changes in trends. Besides batch training and evaluation, Alpenglow supports online training of recommendation models capable of adapting to concept drift in non-stationary environments.
Imaging the immune response to monitor tumor immunotherapy

The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to promote antitumor immunity, and novel approaches include vaccination, adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T cells, and administration of monoclonal antibodies and small molecules that target immune regulatory pathways. The molecular and cellular events responsible for tumor rejection are not completely defined and correlative studies have been used to help understand the mechanisms and extent of immune activation and tumor regression with these approaches. The real-time monitoring of immune responses to immunotherapy has been challenging as specific cell subsets may be difficult to define, and molecular pathways have evolved functionally diverse outcomes in different cells and in different tissues. Recently, improvements in optics and digital imaging have led to novel imaging techniques that make it possible to track the migration of individual immune cells ex vivo and in vivo, and to detect the dynamic interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells or tumor cells within complex microenvironments, including lymphoid tissue and established tumors. This review will explain some of the more established imaging techniques and discuss their role in monitoring the immune response in patients treated with various tumor immunotherapy approaches.
Diagnostic Criteria and Accuracy of Categorizing Malignant Thyroid Nodules by Ultrasonography and Ultrasound Elastography with Pathologic Correlation

Thyroid nodules are a common medical and surgical concern. Thyroid ultrasound (US) is the primary imaging modality used for initial evaluation and assortment of nodules for fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology/biopsy. Ultrasound elastography (USE) is believed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of US in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules. The aim of the work described here is to evaluate the diagnostic criteria and accuracy of US and USE in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules. A prospective study of 88 patients who have thyroid nodules was performed. US, color Doppler, and USE were evaluated using a Philips iU22 equipped with a 5 to 12 MHz, linear transducer, followed by FNA of the each scanned nodule. The most sensitive US criteria for malignant nodules were a height-to-width ratio greater than one and the absence of a halo sign (sensitivity 0.875% and 1.000%, respectively). The most specific criteria for malignancy were a spiculated/blurred margin and the presence of microcalcifications (specificity 0.968% and 0.888%, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the cutoff diagnostic criteria of malignancy are two US characteristics and an elastography score of 4. The diagnostic accuracy of US for malignant thyroid nodules increases by combining US and USE.
O efeito-escola e a mudança - dá para mudar?: Evidências da investigação Brasileira

I. INTRODUCAO Ao longo da ultima decada a literatura educacional foi proficua em artigos que trouxeram evidencias empiricas de que o desempenho escolar dos alunos depende de uma teia complexa de factores, envolvendo as caracteristicas sociais, economicas e culturais da sua familia, as habilidades do aluno, bem como os factores escolares. Sendo os factores escolares os mais propicios a intervencoes
Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiographic screening.

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies of the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease have used clinical screening with echocardiographic confirmation of suspected cases. We hypothesized that echocardiographic screening of all surveyed children would show a significantly higher prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. METHODS Randomly selected schoolchildren from 6 through 17 years of age in Cambodia and Mozambique were screened for rheumatic heart disease according to standard clinical and echocardiographic criteria. RESULTS Clinical examination detected rheumatic heart disease that was confirmed by echocardiography in 8 of 3677 children in Cambodia and 5 of 2170 children in Mozambique; the corresponding prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 2.2 cases per 1000 (95% CI, 0.7 to 3.7) for Cambodia and 2.3 cases per 1000 (95% CI, 0.3 to 4.3) for Mozambique. In contrast, echocardiographic screening detected 79 cases of rheumatic heart disease in Cambodia and 66 cases in Mozambique, corresponding to prevalence rates of 21.5 cases per 1000 (95% CI, 16.8 to 26.2) and 30.4 cases per 1000 (95% CI, 23.2 to 37.6), respectively. The mitral valve was involved in the great majority of cases (87.3% in Cambodia and 98.4% in Mozambique). CONCLUSIONS Systematic screening with echocardiography, as compared with clinical screening, reveals a much higher prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (approximately 10 times as great). Since rheumatic heart disease frequently has devastating clinical consequences and secondary prevention may be effective after accurate identification of early cases, these results have important public health implications.
Posterior scleral thickness in perfusion-fixed normal and early-glaucoma monkey eyes.

PURPOSE To characterize posterior scleral thickness in the normal monkey eye and to assess the effects of acute (15- to 80-minute) and short-term chronic (3- to 7-week) intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. METHODS Both eyes of four normal monkeys (both eyes normal) and four monkeys with early glaucoma (one eye normal and one eye with induced chronic elevation of IOP) were cannulated. In each monkey, IOP was set to 10 mm Hg in the normal eye and 30 or 45 mm Hg in the contralateral eye (normal or early glaucoma) for 15 to 80 minutes. All eight monkeys were perfusion fixed, yielding eight low IOP-normal eyes, four high IOP-normal eyes, and four high IOP-early glaucoma eyes. Posterior scleral thickness was measured histomorphometrically at 15 measurement points within each eye, and the data were grouped by region: foveal, midposterior, posterior-equatorial, and equatorial. RESULTS Overall, posterior scleral thickness was significantly different in the various regions and among the treatment groups (P < 0.0001). In the low IOP-normal eyes, the posterior sclera was thickest in the foveal region (307 microm) and thinner in the midposterior (199 microm), posterior-equatorial (133 microm), and equatorial (179 microm) regions. In the high IOP-normal and high IOP-early glaucoma eyes, the posterior sclera was thinner both overall and within specific regions, compared with the low IOP-normal eyes. CONCLUSIONS The posterior sclera in the perfusion-fixed normal monkey eye thins progressively from the fovea to the equator and is thinnest just posterior to the equator. Acute and short-term chronic IOP elevations cause regional thinning within the posterior sclera of some monkey eyes, which significantly increases stresses in the scleral wall.
Sorting Motifs in the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Immunomodulatory E3/49K Protein of Species D Adenoviruses Modulate Cell Surface Expression and Ectodomain Shedding*

The E3 transcription unit of human species C adenoviruses (Ads) encodes immunomodulatory proteins that mediate direct protection of infected cells. Recently, we described a novel immunomodulatory function for E3/49K, an E3 protein uniquely expressed by species D Ads. E3/49K of Ad19a/Ad64, a serotype that causes epidemic keratokonjunctivitis, is synthesized as a highly glycosylated type I transmembrane protein that is subsequently cleaved, resulting in secretion of its large ectodomain (sec49K). sec49K binds to CD45 on leukocytes, impairing activation and functions of natural killer cells and T cells. E3/49K is localized in the Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN), in the early endosomes, and on the plasma membrane, yet the cellular compartment where E3/49K is cleaved and the protease involved remained elusive. Here we show that TGN-localized E3/49K comprises both newly synthesized and recycled molecules. Full-length E3/49K was not detected in late endosomes/lysosomes, but the C-terminal fragment accumulated in this compartment at late times of infection. Inhibitor studies showed that cleavage occurs in a post-TGN compartment and that lysosomotropic agents enhance secretion. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic tail of E3/49K contains two potential sorting motifs, YXXΦ (where Φ represents a bulky hydrophobic amino acid) and LL, that are important for binding the clathrin adaptor proteins AP-1 and AP-2 in vitro. Surprisingly, mutating the LL motif, either alone or together with YXXΦ, did not prevent proteolytic processing but increased cell surface expression and secretion. Upon brefeldin A treatment, cell surface expression was rapidly lost, even for mutants lacking all known endocytosis motifs. Together with immunofluorescence data, we propose a model for intracellular E3/49K transport whereby cleavage takes place on the cell surface by matrix metalloproteases.