Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Involvement of an influx transporter in the blood–brain barrier transport of naloxone

Naloxone, a potent and specific opioid antagonist, has been shown in previous studies to have an influx clearance across the rat blood–brain barrier (BBB) two times greater than the efflux clearance. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the influx transport of naloxone across the rat BBB using the brain uptake index (BUI) method. The initial uptake rate of [3H]naloxone exhibited saturability in a concentration‐dependent manner (concentration range 0.5 µM to 15 mM) in the presence of unlabeled naloxone. These results indicate that both passive diffusion and a carrier‐mediated transport mechanism are operating. The in vivo kinetic parameters were estimated as follows: the Michaelis constant, Kt, was 2.99±0.71 mM; the maximum uptake rate, Jmax, was 0.477±0.083 µmol/min/g brain; and the nonsaturable first‐order rate constant, Kd, was 0.160±0.044 ml/min/g brain. The uptake of [3H]naloxone by the rat brain increased as the pH of the injected solution was increased from 5.5 to 8.5 and was strongly inhibited by cationic H1‐antagonists such as pyrilamine and diphenhydramine and cationic drugs such as lidocaine and propranolol. In contrast, the BBB transport of [3H]naloxone was not affected by any typical substrates for organic cation transport systems such as tetraethylammonium, ergothioneine or L‐carnitine or substrates for organic anion transport systems such as p‐aminohippuric acid, benzylpenicillin or pravastatin. The present results suggest that a pH‐dependent and saturable influx transport system that is a selective transporter for cationic H1‐antagonists is involved in the BBB transport of naloxone in the rat. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a statistical compact model for Random Telegraph Noise to scaled-SRAM Vmin analysis

A statistical compact RTN (Random Telegraph Noise) model with a fixed V<inf>th</inf> shift and V<inf>gs</inf> dependent trap time constants is proposed. It accurately reproduces the experimental observation of larger V<inf>th</inf> fluctuation at higher |V<inf>gs</inf>|. The model is also applied to analysis of SRAM V<inf>min</inf> fluctuation and finds out the distribution follows a log-normal statistics.
Decentralized energy-efficient base station operation for green cellular networks

Given the explosive growth of mobile subscribers, network operators have to densely deploy base stations to serve the exponentially increasing access demands. Nevertheless, recent researches have pointed out that base station operation has been identified as a significant portion of total system energy consumption and 90% of the traffic is carried by only 40% of base stations even under peak traffic demand. Therefore, switching off underutilized base stations for saving power is an important issue with the increasing awareness of environmental responsibility and economical concerns of network operators. This paper targets the problem of dynamic base station operation, with an objective to minimize total power consumption of all base stations. We prove this problem is NP-hard and cannot be approximated in polynomial time with a ratio better than 3 over 2. Then, we propose a distributed algorithm to tackle it. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the network power consumption.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesAccurate New Methodology in Scanning Thermal Microscopy

In this study, we present a scanning thermal microscopy experiment with the probe working under vacuum allowing a spatial resolution of 25 nm. These measurements are made with a new four-contacts resistive probe, well suited for the 3ω measurement technique. A system identification approach in the out-of-contact mode provides the thermal model of the probe. This approach does not require knowledge of the geometrical and thermal properties of the probe. This sensor model is integrated into a comprehensive global model taking into account the heat transfer within the investigated surface. We show that the contact resistance and the radius of the contact area at the probe-material interface can be identified and are independent of the nature of the probed material when thermal conductivity ranges from 0.2 to 41 W · m-1 · K-1.
Defecographic measurements of rectal intussusception and prolapse in patients and in asymptomatic subjects.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide measurements for the defecographic diagnosis of rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred thirty-seven consecutive patients with defecation and micturition disorders and gynecologic complaints were studied by means of defecography (120 patients), colpodefecography (17 patients), or cystocolpodefecography (300 patients). As a control group, 43 asymptomatic subjects underwent defecographic examination. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were found to have rectal intussusception and 18, to have rectal prolapse. Anterior and posterior rectal wall folding thickness, intussuscipiens diameter, intussusceptum lumen diameter, and the ratio between the intussuscipiens diameter and the intussusceptum lumen diameter were measured in all patients. The findings were compared with those obtained in 13 of 43 asymptomatic subjects with rectal outline changes mimicking intussusception. Rectal folding thickness and the ratio between the intussuscipiens diameter and the intussusceptum lumen diameter were significantly greater in subjects with rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse than in asymptomatic subjects with rectal mucosa folding. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that dynamic evacuation radiology contributes to making a differential diagnosis between rectal intussusception and mucosal folds in the rectum.
Types of Professional Development and Principal Leadership Actions for Instructional Technology Integration in the Middle School One-to-One Classroom.

i List of Tables . ix List of Figures . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background/Overview . 1 Statement of Problem . 4 Purpose Statement . 6 Research Questions/Hypothesis . 7 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework. 8 Significance of the Study . 11 Definition of Terms. 14 Assumptions . 16 Limitations of Study . 17 Delimitations . 19 Organization of the Study . 20 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. 2
Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Approach to the Modeling of Time Reversal Technique for Communication

In this paper, we introduce a three-dimensional electromagnetic approach to the modeling of time reversal (TR) technique in communication. The proposed method uses time-domain transmission line matrix (TD-TLM) method for the computation of the channel response in a rich scattering environment. The time-reversed version of the computed channel response is used as the source signal of the transmitting antenna. The electromagnetic solution is repeated and the characteristic of the TR channel is assessed.
Microleakage of adhesive resin systems in the primary and permanent dentitions.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro microleakage of fourth-generation filled and unfilled adhesive resin systems with fifth-generation filled and unfilled adhesive resin systems in both primary and permanent teeth. METHODS Eighty extracted or exfoliated human noncarious teeth (40 primary and 40 permanent) were assigned to each of 8 groups. Groups 1, 3, 5 and 7 were primary teeth, and groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 contained permanent teeth. Groups 1 and 2 were bonded with Optibond Fl (Kerr), groups 3 and 4 with Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M), groups 5 and 6 with Optibond Solo Plus (Kerr) and groups 7 and 8 with Single Bond (3M). All teeth received a Class V cavity preparation, and the cavosurface margins were placed entirely in enamel. They were then restored with TPH Spectrum Shade Al (Dentsply Caulk). All teeth were thermocycled, stained with basic fuchsin, sectioned and viewed under the microscope. Measurements were recorded in absolute millimeters and relative grades as judged by 2 evaluators. RESULTS No significant difference in microleakage was observed between fourth- and fifth-generation adhesive resin systems, whether filled or unfilled, or applied on primary or permanent teeth. Significant differences were found in the amount of microleakage at the gingival and occlusal surfaces in all groups. One-bottle, fifth-generation adhesive resin systems permit easier application with the same effectives as the 2-bottle, fourth-generation systems. CONCLUSIONS One-bottle, fifth-generation adhesive resin systems permit easier application with the same effectiveness as the 2-bottle, fourth-gerenration systems.
Heart rate variability during the acute phase of myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND After acute myocardial infarction (AMI), several abnormalities of the autonomic control to the heart have been described. Heart rate (HR) variability has been used to explore the neural control to the heart. A low HR variability count measured 7-13 days after AMI is significantly related to a poor outcome. Little information is available on HR variability early after AMI and its relation to clinical and hemodynamic data. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 54 consecutive patients (42 men and 12 women; mean age, 60.4 +/- 11 years) with evidence of AMI by collecting the 24-hour HR SD from Holter tapes recorded on day 2 or 3. We also measured HR variability in 15 patients with unstable angina and in 35 age-matched normal subjects. HR variability was lower in AMI than in unstable angina patients (57.6 +/- 21.3 versus 92 +/- 19 msec; p less than 0.001) and controls (105 +/- 12 msec; p less than 0.001). Also, HR variability was greater in non-Q-wave than in Q-wave AMI (p less than 0.0001) and in recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated patients with respect to the rest of the group (p less than 0.02). No difference was found for infarct site. HR variability was significantly related to mean 24-hour HR, peak creatine kinase-MB, and left ventricular ejection fraction (all p less than 0.0001). Patients belonging to Killip class greater than I or who required the use of diuretics or digitalis had lower counts (p less than 0.004, p less than 0.001, and p less than 0.024, respectively). Six patients died within 20 days after admission to the hospital. In these patients, HR variability was lower than in survivors (31.2 +/- 12 versus 60.9 +/- 20 msec; p less than 0.001), and a value less than 50 msec was significantly associated with mortality (p less than 0.025). CONCLUSIONS HR variability during the early phase of AMI is decreased and is significantly related to clinical and hemodynamic indexes of severity. The causes for the observed changes in HR variability during AMI may be reduced vagal and/or increased sympathetic outflow to the heart. It is suggested that early measurements of HR variability during AMI may offer important clinical information and contribute to the early risk stratification of patients.
Geometric origin of scaling in large traffic networks.

Large scale traffic networks are an indispensable part of contemporary human mobility and international trade. Networks of airport travel and cargo ship movements are invaluable for the understanding of human mobility patterns [R. Guimera et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 7794 (2005))], epidemic spreading [V. Colizza et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 2015 (2006)], global trade [International Maritime Organization, http://www.imo. org/], and spread of invasive species [G. M. Ruiz et al., Nature (London) 408, 49 (2000)]. Different studies [M. Barthelemy, Phys. Rept. 499, 1 (2011)] point to the universal character of some of the exponents measured in such networks. Here we show that exponents which relate (i) the strength of nodes to their degree and (ii) weights of links to degrees of nodes that they connect have a geometric origin. We present a simple robust model which exhibits the observed power laws and relates exponents to the dimensionality of 2D space in which traffic networks are embedded. We show that the relation between weight strength and degree is s(k)~k(3/2), the relation between distance strength and degree is s(d)(k)~k(3/2), and the relation between weight of link and degrees of linked nodes is w(ij)~(k(i)k(j))(1/2) on the plane 2D surface. We further analyze the influence of spherical geometry, relevant for the whole planet, on exact values of these exponents. Our model predicts that these exponents should be found in future studies of port networks and it imposes constraints on more refined models of port networks.
Two Distinct Head-Tail Interfaces Cooperate to Suppress Activation of Vinculin by Talin*

Vinculin is autoinhibited by an intramolecular interaction that masks binding sites for talin and F-actin. Although a recent structural model explains autoinhibition solely in terms of the interaction between vinculin tail (Vt) and residues 1–258 (D1), we find an absolute requirement for an interface involving the D4 domain of head (Vh residues 710–836) and Vt. Charge-to-alanine mutations in Vt revealed a class of mutants, T12 and T19, distal to the V-(1–258) binding site, which showed increases in their Kd values for head binding of 100- and 42-fold, respectively. Reciprocal mutation of residues in the D4 domain that contact Vt yielded a head-tail interaction mutant of comparable magnitude to T19. These findings account for the approximately 120-fold difference in Kd values between Vt binding to V-(1–258), as opposed to full-length Vh-(1–851). The significance of a bipartite autoinhibitory site is evidenced by its effects on talin binding to Vh. Whereas Vt fails to compete with the talin rod domain for binding to V-(1–258), competition occurs readily with full-length Vh, and this requires the D4 interface. Moreover in intact vinculin, mutations in the D4-Vt interface stabilize association of vinculin and talin rod. In cells, these head-tail interaction mutants induce hypertrophy and elongation of focal adhesions. Definition of a second autoinhibitory site, the D4-Vt interface, supports the competing model of vinculin activation that invokes cooperative action of ligands at two sites. Together the D1-Vt and D4-Vt interfaces provide the high affinity (∼10–9) autoinhibition observed in full-length vinculin.
A short term wind speed forcasting using SVR and BP-ANN: A comparative analysis

Forecasting wind speed is a very important part in weather forecasting. Because of the nonlinear behaviors of nature and climate changes, wind speed prediction becomes a challenging task, particularly country like Bangladesh where lots of areas are costal and season changes in frequent. This study is done to make an attempt to predict the wind speed using two very potential and wide frames of statistical data mining and machine learning approaches; Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with back propagation technique. 7years (2008–2014) historical dataset of wind speed of Chittagong costal area were collected from Bangladesh meteorological division (BMD) for undertaking the experiment. Leaky ReLu function was applied as the rectifier to the input data to control the thresholds and activations of neurons in MLP. The aim of this study was to propose a model that can predict short term wind speed with maximum accuracy. Finally, after considerable amount of experimentations the outcome from this study is; our proposed SVR and ANN models are able to predict wind speed with more than 99% accuracy in short term prediction. Moreover, ANN can outperform SVR in some situations with highest 99.80% accuracy. But SVR models are best suited for overall wind speed forecasting in different horizons with highest 99.60% accuracy. These results outperform the performances of previous recent works that are mentioned in literature review and reference sections of this paper.
Simple and fast cooperative localization for sensor networks

We address the sensor network localization problem given noisy range measurements between pairs of nodes. We approach the non-convex maximum-likelihood formulation via a known simple convex relaxation. We exploit its favorable optimization properties to the full to obtain an approach that: is completely distributed, has a simple implementation at each node, and capitalizes on an optimal gradient method to attain fast convergence. We offer a parallel but also an asynchronous flavor, both with theoretical convergence guarantees and iteration complexity analysis. Experimental results establish leading performance. Our algorithms top the accuracy of a comparable state of the art method by one order of magnitude, using one order of magnitude fewer communications.
Prediction of treatment outcome from clinically derived MMPI clusters in rehabilitation for chronic low back pain.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the ability of specific and clinically relevant Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile types to predict outcomes in a structured interdisciplinary pain-management program for patients with low back pain. DESIGN Subjects were divided into clusters representing MMPI profiles yielding similar clinical interpretation. Analyses of variance and chi-square testing assessed the effect of cluster group on a variety of outcome measures at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6- to 66-month follow-up. Fisher's Least Significant Difference Test assessed the significance of differences between pairs of cluster groups. SETTING A university-based comprehensive interdisciplinary pain-management program serving both inpatients and outpatients. PATIENTS 122 subjects with chronic low back pain who completed the program, provided follow-up data, and fit into the definition of one of seven clusters. MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reports of subjective pain intensity, pain-related medication intake, and activity level at pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up; employment status at pretreatment and follow-up. RESULTS Cluster groups did not differ significantly at any time on activity level and medication intake and differed on employment status only at pretreatment. There was a significant (p < 0.05) effect of cluster group on subjective pain intensity, but only two pairwise group comparisons were significant: subjects with a normal MMPI profile and those with no elevations except T = 71-80 on Hypochondriasis and Hysteria reported less pain at follow-up than did subjects with extreme elevations (T > 80) on both Hypochondriasis and Hysteria. CONCLUSION Even when subjects with chronic pain are divided into cluster groups associated with highly similar clinical interpretations, the MMPI for the most part fails to predict self-reported outcomes in an interdisciplinary pain-management program.
In vivo HIV-1 replicative capacity in early and advanced infection.

OBJECTIVE Previous studies on patients treated with potent antiretroviral therapy have shown that viral clearance rates do not tend to change between early and advanced HIV-1 infection. Our objective was to investigate whether the other major aspect of virus dynamics, viral replicative capacity, does change. In vitro work has indicated that the viral replicative, capacity increases but in vivo evidence has been lacking. METHODS As an in vivo measure of the viral replicative capacity, we studied the rate of rebound of plasma HIV RNA level during a 1-week therapy interruption in previously untreated patients who had received 2 weeks of antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS Such therapy in five previously drug-naive patients with high CD4 lymphocyte counts (mean, 611 x 10(6)/l) and five patients with low counts (mean, 49 x 10(6)/l) led to a mean 2.2 log10 copies/ml decrease in plasma HIV-1 levels (from 5-6 log10 copies/ml) in 2 weeks. This was similar in the two groups. Interruption of therapy for the ensuing week resulted in a stable HIV-1 level for approximately 2 days followed by a rebound towards pretherapy level, which was much more marked in the patients with low CD4 cell counts (estimated mean rise 2.22 log10 versus 1.06 log10 copies/ml; P < 0.02). After restarting therapy, HIV RNA levels returned to pre-interruption levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings need confirmation, but the ability of HIV-1 to replicate in vivo appears to increase during HIV-1 infection. This increased replicative capacity, for which there are several potential explanations, may be the cause of gradual CD4 lymphocyte depletion.
Negative Difference (Nd), an ERP Marker of Stimulus Relevance: Different Lateral Asymmetries for Paranoid and Nonparanoid Schizophrenics

We studied Nd in psychotic patients with varying degrees of paranoid symptoms. Nd is an ERP measurement of the difference in the way a nonattended tone is registered and the way the same tone is registered when used later as a discrimination target. In a three-tone oddball paradigm with passive-tone presentation and active discrimination, we recorded from 19 sites in 22 young healthy subjects and 28 schizophrenics. Nd (200-260 ms) was bilaterally symmetrical in healthy subjects. Paranoid patients showed a left frontal/right temporoparietal amplitude reduction which was reversed in nonparanoid subjects (reduced at right frontal/left posterior sites). These asymmetries were clearer when the groups were separated according to active paranoid symptoms rather than by diagnosis. There would therefore seem to be functional asymmetries mediating stimulus relevance in schizophrenics which differ from controls and differ between patients with and without active paranoid symptoms.
Symptomatic Atrial Pacemaker Lead Thrombosis: Detection by Echocardiography and Successful Surgical Treatment

WIERZBOWSKA, K. , et al.: Symptomatic Atrial Pacemaker Lead Thrombosis: Detection by Echocardiography and Successful Surgical Treatment. Formation of thrombi on a permanent pacemaker lead is a rare complication of pacing. However, because of its serious outcome it should be suspected in a patient who reveals right‐sided heart failure, dyspnea, or syncope. An early decision to perform an echocardiographic examination, followed by surgical or thrombolytic treatment can solve this clinical problem. In a 69‐year‐old woman with increasing signs of congestive heart failure, echocardiography revealed a mobile mass in the right atrium attached to the pacemaker lead. Because of threatened symptoms and large dimensions of the mass, urgent surgical removal of the endocardial lead was successfully performed.