Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of indoor tanning facilities by white adolescents in the United States.

CONTEXT Indoor tanning is a risk factor for skin cancer, but the population-based prevalence of this behavior among adolescents is not clearly known. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of tanning booth use among white US adolescents and to assess its association with sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and appearance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative sample of 6903 non-Hispanic white adolescents, aged 13 to 19 years, who participated in Wave II (between April 1, 1996, and August 31, 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Frequency of lifetime use of indoor artificial tanning facilities. RESULTS With the data weighted to national levels, 36.8% of the white female adolescents and 11.2% of the white male adolescents have used a tanning booth at least once in their life, while 28.1% and 6.9% of the female and male adolescents, respectively, reported tanning booth use 3 or more times. The percentage of female adolescents using tanning booths 3 or more times increased with age, from 11.2% of the 13- to 14-year-olds to 47.0% of 18- to 19-year-olds and also increased with greater tanning ability, from 12.6% of the poor tanners to 38.1% of those with a strong tan response. After multivariate adjustment, those residing in the Midwest (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-3.68) or South (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.89-4.53), attending a rural high school (aOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.09-2.98), and reporting the use of 2 or 3 substances (aOR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.44-3.82) were more likely to use indoor tanning facilities, as were dieters (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01-1.57) regardless of their body mass index. Decreased odds of indoor tanning were observed among those with a college-educated mother (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.90) and greater cognitive ability (per 10-point score increase; aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.96) while routine participation in physical activity significantly lowered the odds of indoor tanning only among female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Indoor tanning is prevalent, particularly among female adolescents, and aligns with other risk behaviors, appearance-related factors, and intentional sunbathing. The risks of artificial tanning need increased emphasis among adolescents, especially in the Midwest and South where extremes in the availability of natural light appear to send intentional tanners indoors.
KINERJA KEUANGAN, POLITICAL VISIBILITY, KETERGANTUNGAN PADA HUTANG TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2013-2015)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence about the influence of financial performance, political visibility, reliance on debt to corporate social responsibility. The samples are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the years 2013 to 2015 as many as 56 companies. Financial performance variables, political visibility and reliance on debt simultaneously or jointly significant effect on corporate social responsibility. The amount of influence , financial performance(ROA), political visibility (SIZE) and leverage (DER) against CSR is 10.1%. While the influence of the remaining 89.9% is explained by other variables outside the regression equation. Keyword : ROA, political visibility, leverage, corporate social responsibility
Understanding the human at work – how neurosciences are influencing HR practices

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to describe the relevance and application of insights from the field of neuroscience on practice and thinking of human resources (HRs). Design/methodology/approach It draws on the experience, views and insights of the authors in providing the context, some of the key insights from neuroscience relevant to the field and examples of people management and development practices. Findings The paper reinforces the view of the relevance and importance of using better understanding of human behaviour through neuroscience to drive more effective people management and development practices. Originality/value Understanding and application of neuroscience insights to HR practices and processes is still in its early stages. The article challenges the need for a wider shift in thinking and philosophy across business to take a more human centred approach to address the shifts and challenges of the modern workplace and workforces.
Electoral Competition with Primaries and Quality Asymmetries

We introduce primaries—both closed and open—into a Downsian model of two-party electoral competition allowing the two candidates in each party’s primary to differ in valence as well as in policy platform. The good news is that the introduction of either type of primary acts as a stabilizing force since equilibriums exist quite generally, serves as an arena for policy debates since all candidates propose differentiated platforms, and guarantees that each party’s nominee is of higher quality than its primary opponent. Moreover, primaries tend to benefit the party whose median voter is closer to the overall median. The bad news is that the winner of the general election need not be the candidate with the highest overall quality since primaries that are too competitive can prove harmful. Given the differences between open and closed primaries, we show that the choice of primary type is particularly important and may determine the winner of the general election.
Specificity requirements for selection and effector functions of CD25+4+ regulatory T cells in anti-myelin basic protein T cell receptor transgenic mice

CD25+4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play an indispensable role in preventing autoimmunity. Little is known, however, about the antigen specificities required for their development and effector functions. Mice transgenic for an anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) T cell antigen receptor (TCR) spontaneously develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when deficient for the RAG-1 gene (T/R−), whereas RAG-1-competent transgenic animals (T/R+) remain healthy, protected by CD4+ Treg-expressing endogenous TCRs. We have now investigated the role and specificity of CD25+4+ Treg in this system. The results show that T/R+ animals contain MBP-specific suppressive CD25+4+ cells, whereas T/R− do not. Adoptive transfer of CD25+4+ cells from nontransgenic or T/R+ donors into T/R− mice prevented the development of EAE. Surprisingly, transfer of nontransgenic CD25+4+ cells purified from T/R+ donors conferred only a limited protection, possibly because of their restricted repertoire diversity that we demonstrate here. Absence of transgenic CD25+4+ cells in animals deficient for endogenous TCRα chains and analyses of endogenous TCR gene expression in subsets of CD4+ cells from T/R+ mice demonstrate that development of transgenic MBP-specific CD25+4+ Treg depends on the coexpression of endogenous TCRα chains. Taken together, these results indicate that specificity to MBP is required for effector functions but is not sufficient for thymic selection/commitment of CD25+4+ Treg preventing EAE.
TLR4-Mediated Podosome Loss Discriminates Gram-Negative from Gram-Positive Bacteria in Their Capacity to Induce Dendritic Cell Migration and Maturation

Chronic infections are caused by microorganisms that display effective immune evasion mechanisms. Dendritic cell (DC)-dependent T cell-mediated adaptive immunity is one of the mechanisms that have evolved to prevent the occurrence of chronic bacterial infections. In turn, bacterial pathogens have developed strategies to evade immune recognition. In this study, we show that Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria differ in their ability to activate DCs and that Gram-negative bacteria are far more effective inducers of DC maturation. Moreover, we observed that only Gram-negative bacteria can induce loss of adhesive podosome structures in DCs, a response necessary for the induction of effective DC migration. We demonstrate that the ability of Gram-negative bacteria to trigger podosome turnover and induce DC migration reflects their capacity to selectively activate TLR4. Examining mice defective in TLR4 signaling, we show that this DC maturation and migration are mainly Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFNβ-dependent. Furthermore, we show that these processes depend on the production of PGs by these DCs, suggesting a direct link between TLR4-mediated signaling and arachidonic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria profoundly differ in their capacity to activate DCs. We propose that this inability of Gram-positive bacteria to induce DC maturation and migration is part of the armamentarium necessary for avoiding the induction of an effective cellular immune response and may explain the frequent involvement of these pathogens in chronic infections.
Asymmetric, Bimodal Trade-Offs During Adaptation of Methylobacterium to Distinct Growth Substrates

Trade-offs between selected and nonselected environments are often assumed to exist during adaptation. This phenomenon is prevalent in microbial metabolism, where many organisms have come to specialize on a narrow breadth of substrates. One wellstudied example is methylotrophic bacteria that can use single-carbon (C1) compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy, but generally use few, if any, multi-C compounds. Here, we use adaptation of experimental populations of the model methylotroph, Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, to C1 (methanol) or multi-C (succinate) compounds to investigate specialization and trade-offs between these two metabolic lifestyles. We found a general trend toward trade-offs during adaptation to succinate, but this was neither universal nor showed a quantitative relationship with the extent of adaptation. After 1500 generations, succinate-evolved strains had a remarkably bimodal distribution of fitness values on methanol: either an improvement comparable to the strains adapted on methanol or the complete loss of the ability to grow on C1 compounds. In contrast, adaptation to methanol resulted in no such trade-offs. Based on the substantial, asymmetric loss of C1 growth during growth on succinate, we suggest that the long-term maintenance of C1 metabolism across the genus Methylobacterium requires relatively frequent use of C1 compounds to prevent rapid loss.
384-Well Multiplexed Luminex Cytokine Assays for Lead Optimization

Cytokines serve as a major mechanism of communication between immune cells and are the functional molecules at the end of immune pathways. Abnormalities in cytokines are involved in a wide variety of diseases, including chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Cytokines are not only direct targets of therapeutics but also important biomarkers for assessing drug efficacy and safety. Traditionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were most popular for identifying and quantifying cytokines. However, ELISA is expensive, labor intensive, and low throughput. Here, we report the development of a miniaturized Luminex (Austin, TX) assay platform to establish a panel of high-throughput, multiplexed assays for measuring cytokines in human whole blood. The miniaturized 384-well Luminex assay uses <25% of the assay reagents compared with the 96-well assay. The development and validation of the 384-well Luminex cytokine assays enabled high-throughput screening of compounds in primary cells using cytokines as physiologically relevant readouts. Furthermore, this miniaturized multiplexed technology platform allows for high-throughput biomarker profiling of biofluids from animal studies and patient samples for translational research.
Characterization of three alternatively spliced isoforms of the Rel/NF-κB transcription factor Relish from the mosquito Aedes aegypti

The Rel/NF-κB transcription factor Relish performs a central role in the acute-phase response to microbial challenge by activating immune antibacterial peptides. We cloned and molecularly characterized the gene homologous to Drosophila Relish from the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Unlike Drosophila Relish, Aedes Relish has three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different proteins. First, the predominant Aedes Relish transcript of 3.9 kb contains both the Rel-homology domains and the inhibitor κB (IκB)-like domain, which is similar to Drosophila Relish and to the mammalian p105 and p100 Rel/NF-κB transcription factors. Second, Aedes Relish transcript contains Rel-homology domains identical to those of the major transcript but it completely lacks the IκB-like domain-coding region, which has been replaced by a unique 3′-untranslated region sequence. In the third transcript, a deletion replaces most of the N-terminal sequence and Rel-homology domains; however, the IκB-like domain is intact. All three Aedes Relish transcripts were induced by bacterial injection but not by blood feeding. In vitro-translated protein from the Rel-only construct specifically binds to the κB motif from Drosophila cecropin A1 and Aedes defensin genes. PCR and Southern blot hybridization analyses show that these three transcripts originated from the same large inducible mRNA encoded by a single Relish gene.
Blood Donor Selection and Screening: Strategies to Reduce Recipient Risk

Various measures are taken to ensure the safety of the blood supply. Donor selection begins with education of the public about transfusion-transmissible diseases. Potential donors must answer a questionnaire designed to identify specific risk factors for these infections. The questionnaire is the only line of protection against certain infections for which no testing is performed, such as malaria, babesiosis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease. All donations are tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 and -2, HCV, HTLV and syphilis, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), the p24 antigen (HIV), and also for HIV and HCV nucleic acids. The introduction of new and improved screening tests for transfusion-transmissible diseases has led to remarkable improvement in the safety of the blood supply, with substantial shortening of the window period for HIV, HCV, and HBV infections. The current challenge of the industry is to reduce even further the small but significant risk of bacterial contamination of platelet components. Finally, some safety measures are purely precautionary, such as the deferral of donors who have traveled to certain countries affected by the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
‘Irishness’, the 1937 Constitution, and Citizenship: A Gender and Ethnicity View

This paper argues that ‘Irishness’ has not been sufficiently problematised in relation to gender and ethnicity in discussions of Irish national identity, nor has the term ‘Irish women’ been ethnically problematised. Sociological and feminist analyses of the access by women to citizenship of the Republic of Ireland have been similarly unproblematised. This paper interrogates some discourses of Irish national identity, including the 1937 Constitution, in which difference is constructed in religious, not ethnic terms, and in which women are constructed as ‘naturally’ domestic. Ireland's bourgeois nationalism privileged property owning and denigrated nomadism, thus excluding Irish Travellers from definitions of ‘Irishness’. The paper then seeks to problematise T.H. Marshall's definition of citizenship as ‘membership in a community’ from a gender and ethnicity viewpoint and argues that sociological and feminist studies of the gendered nature of citizenship in Ireland do not address access to citizenship by Traveller and other racialized women which this paper examines in brief. It does so in the context of the intersection between racism and nationalism, and argues that the racism implied in the narrow definition of ‘Irishness’ is a central factor in the limited access by minority Irish women to aspects of citizenship. It also argues that racism not only interfaces with other forms of exclusion such as class and gender, but also broadens our understanding of the very nature of Irish national identity.
ADAMTS13 Secretion and Residual Activity among Patients with Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura with and without Renal Impairment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acute renal impairment is observed in 11%-23% of patients with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and deficiency of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13, a metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor [VWF] multimers), a substantial percentage of whom develop CKD during follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Here we investigated whether, in 18 patients with congenital recruited from 1996 to 2013 who fulfilled inclusion criteria, acute renal involvement occurred during bouts segregated with lower secretion and activity levels of ADAMTS13 mutants. We performed expression studies and a sensitive recombinant VWF (rVWF) A1-A2-A3 cleavage test (detection limit, 0.78% of normal ADAMTS13 activity). RESULTS A higher risk of acute renal impairment during bouts was observed in patients with childhood (<18 years) onset (odds ratio [OR], 24.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11 to 542.44]) or a relapsing (≥1 episode per year) disease (OR, 54.6 [95% CI, 2.25 to 1326.28]) than in patients with adulthood onset or long-lasting remission, respectively. Whatever the age at onset, patients with acute renal impairment had mutations different from those in patients without renal involvement. Moreover, mutations in patients with acute renal impairment compared with those in patients without renal involvement caused lower in vitro rADAMTS13 secretion (1.33% versus 12.5%; P<0.001) and residual activity (0.11% versus 3.47%; P=0.003). rADAMTS13 secretion ≤3.75% and residual activity ≤0.4% best discriminated patients with renal impairment (receiver-operating characteristic curve sensitivity, 100% and 100%; specificity, 100% and 83.3%, respectively; logistic regression OR, 325 [95% CI, 6 to 18339] and 91.7 [95% CI, 3.2 to 2623.5], respectively). All mutations found in patients with childhood onset or relapsing disease were associated with acute renal impairment during bouts, confirming the link between acute renal impairment and early onset or a relapsing course. ADAMTS13 activity levels in vivo, measured in patients' serum by rVWF A1-A2-A3 cleavage test, correlated with in vitro rADAMTS13 mutant activity (r=0.95; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In congenital TTP, renal impairment and relapsing disease might be predicted by measurements of in vitro rADAMTS13 secretion and activity levels and in vivo serum ADAMTS13 activity.
Utility of a Triple Antibody Cocktail Intraurothelial Neoplasm-3 (IUN-3-CK20/CD44s/p53) and &agr;-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR) in the Distinction of Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ (CIS) and Reactive Urothelial Atypia

Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a prognostically and therapeutically significant lesion with considerable morphologic overlap with reactive conditions especially in the setting of prior therapy. Various markers including CK20, CD44s, and p53 have been used as an adjunct in making this distinction; however, the utility of these markers in the posttreatment scenario is not fully established. &agr;-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is a tumor-associated marker that is expressed in a subset of high-grade urothelial carcinomas but has not been studied in CIS. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunoreactivity of CK20, CD44s, and p53 as a triple antibody cocktail intraurothelial neoplasm-3 (IUN-3) in distinguishing CIS from its mimics and to compare its utility with AMACR in the diagnosis of CIS. A total of 135 specimens (7 benign ureters and 128 bladder biopsies—28 reactive, 33 posttherapy reactive, 43 CIS, 24 CIS posttherapy) were included in this study. Immunostaining for p53 (brown, nuclear), CD44s (brown, membranous), and CK20 (red, cytoplasmic and membranous) was performed as a cocktail, and the staining pattern was further classified as: malignant (full-thickness CK20 and/or full-thickness p53 with CD44s negativity), reactive/benign (CK20 limited to the umbrella cell layer, p53 negative, and CD44s positivity ranging from basal to full thickness), and indeterminate (CK20 and p53 positive but not full thickness and/or CD44s positive). AMACR staining was performed in 50 cases. Cytoplasmic staining for AMACR was graded as negative (absent to weak focal staining [<5% cells]) and positive (≥5%). The “IUN-3 malignant” pattern was observed in 84% of cases of CIS without a history of prior therapy and in 71% of the cases of CIS with a history of prior therapy. Cases with posttherapy reactive atypia showed an “IUN-3 reactive” pattern in 84% cases and “IUN-3 indeterminate” pattern in 16% of the cases; the IUN-3 malignant pattern was not identified in any of the cases. Benign and reactive urothelium (with and without a history of therapy) showed an IUN-3 reactive pattern and negative AMACR staining in all the cases (100%). AMACR positivity was observed in 78% of nontreated CIS cases and 50% of CIS posttherapy cases. In these cases, the IUN-3 cocktail showed an IUN-3 malignant pattern in 83% of untreated CIS cases and 88% of CIS posttherapy cases. AMACR positivity is a potentially useful marker of CIS. However, the IUN-3 malignant pattern is a more reliable indicator of CIS compared with AMACR, especially in the posttreatment setting. The simultaneous evaluation of all 3 markers (p53, CD44s, and CK20) in a single slide in the form of a cocktail is advantageous, especially in small biopsy specimens.
Neuroligin‐3 is a neuronal adhesion protein at GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses

Synaptic adhesion molecules are thought to play a critical role in the formation, function and plasticity of neuronal networks. Neuroligins (NL1–4) are a family of presumptive postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules. NL1 and NL2 isoforms are concentrated at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, respectively, but the cellular expression and synaptic localization of the endogenous NL3 and NL4 isoforms are unknown. We generated a panel of NL isoform‐specific antibodies and examined the expression, developmental regulation and synaptic specificity of NL3. We found that NL3 was enriched in brain, where NL3 protein levels increased during postnatal development, coinciding with the peak of synaptogenesis. Subcellular fractionation revealed a concentration of NL3 in synaptic plasma membranes and postsynaptic densities. In cultured hippocampal neurons, endogenous NL3 was highly expressed and was localized at both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Clustering of NL3 in hippocampal neurons by neurexin‐expressing cells resulted in coaggregation of NL3 with glutamatergic and GABAergic scaffolding proteins. Finally, individual synapses contained colocalized NL2 and NL3 proteins, and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed the presence of NL1–NL3 and NL2–NL3 complexes in brain extracts. These findings suggest that rodent NL3 is a synaptic adhesion molecule that is a shared component of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses.
Space Division Multiplexed Transmission of 109-Tb/s Data Signals Using Homogeneous Seven-Core Fiber

We achieved record 109-Tb/s transmission over 16.8 km, using space division multiplexing (SDM) together with conventional multiplexing technology. 7-core SDM, 97 WDM (100-GHz spacing), 2 × 86 Gb/s PDM-QPSK signals were used. The spectral efficiency was 11.2 b/s/Hz. SDM transmission was realized using a multi-core fiber with ultra-low-crosstalk (less than -90.0 dB/km at 1550 nm) and high performance SDM MUX/DEMUX. The overall SDM crosstalk of -53 dB caused almost no penalty for the PDM-QPSK transmission.
Risk factors for the regional economic growth

The article features principal aspects of economic growth in Permsky Krai as one of the representative regions of present Russia. It determines features of performance of economy sectors in Permsky Krai and specifies structure of the export-oriented sector. The author analyses the factors affecting economic growth in the region given the existing sources of economic growth of Permsky Krai are retained.