Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Video Instruction for Synchronous Video Recording of Mimic Movement of Patients with Facial Palsy].

Background Photografy and video are necessary to record the severity of a facial palsy or to allow offline grading with a grading system. There is no international standard for the video recording urgently needed to allow a standardized comparison of different patient cohorts. Methods A video instruction was developed. The instruction was shown to the patient and presents several mimic movements. At the same time the patient is recorded while repeating the presented movement using commercial hardware. Facial movements were selected in such a way that it was afterwards possible to evaluate the recordings with standard grading systems (House-Brackmann, Sunnybrook, Stennert, Yanagihara) or even with (semi)automatic software. For quality control, the patients evaluated the instruction using a questionnaire. Results The video instruction takes 11 min and 05 and is divided in 3 parts: 1) Explanation of the procedure; 2) Foreplay and recreating of the facial movements; 3) Repeating of sentences to analyze the communication skills. So far 13 healthy subjects and 10 patients with acute or chronic facial palsy were recorded. All recordings could be assessed by the above mentioned grading systems. The instruction was rated as well explaining and easy to follow by healthy persons and patients. Discussion There is now a video instruction available for standardized recording of facial movement. This instruction is recommended for use in clinical routine and in clinical trials. This will allow a standardized comparison of patients within Germany and international patient cohorts.
APE/Ref‐1 responses to oxidative stress in aged rats

Chronic oxidative stress has been hypothesized to be a major contributor to the aging process. The continued exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidative metabolism or environmental sources can damage critical cellular structures and be responsible for some age‐related pathology. The exposure of rodents to 100% oxygen, isobaric hyperoxia, increases ambient ROS levels and significantly increases apoptosis in brain. The deleterious effects of ROS also include increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage. Although differences in the relative amounts of oxidative stress in young and old brains have been observed, the mechanisms responsible for impaired aging‐associated DNA repair processes have not been characterized. We measured DNA levels of the DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE/Ref‐1) protein by Western blot analysis in the brains of young (3‐month) and old (30‐month) male rats exposed to isobaric hyperoxia. Given that APE/Ref‐1 is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the repair pathway of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites generated in DNA by oxidative damage, we assumed that APE/Ref‐1 protein levels were a good reflection of ongoing DNA base excision repair. Isobaric hyperoxia stimulated APE/Ref‐1 expression in the hippocampus and basal forebrain of young rats experiencing 100% oxygen for 6 hr, while aged rats showed no significant changes in APE/Ref‐1 protein levels in all brain areas at any time tested (0–48 hr) after hyperoxia. Differences in the stress‐induced levels of expression of DNA repair enzymes may contribute to apoptotic increases and pathology associated with the aging process. J. Neurosci. Res. 54:635–638, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inactivation of thermogenic UCP1 as a historical contingency in multiple placental mammal clades

Inactivation of uncoupling protein 1 is linked to shifts in metabolic rate, body size, and species richness of eight mammalian lineages. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is essential for nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and is widely accepted to have played a key thermoregulatory role in small-bodied and neonatal placental mammals that enabled the exploitation of cold environments. We map ucp1 sequences from 133 mammals onto a species tree constructed from a ~51-kb sequence alignment and show that inactivating mutations have occurred in at least 8 of the 18 traditional placental orders, thereby challenging the physiological importance of UCP1 across Placentalia. Selection and timetree analyses further reveal that ucp1 inactivations temporally correspond with strong secondary reductions in metabolic intensity in xenarthrans and pangolins, or in six other lineages coincided with a ~30 million–year episode of global cooling in the Paleogene that promoted sharp increases in body mass and cladogenesis evident in the fossil record. Our findings also demonstrate that members of various lineages (for example, cetaceans, horses, woolly mammoths, Steller’s sea cows) evolved extreme cold hardiness in the absence of UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. Finally, we identify ucp1 inactivation as a historical contingency that is linked to the current low species diversity of clades lacking functional UCP1, thus providing the first evidence for species selection related to the presence or absence of a single gene product.
Association of a potential functional pre‐miR‐218 polymorphism and its interaction with hepatitis B virus mutations with hepatocellular carcinoma risk

MicroRNA‐218 (miR‐218) can function as a tumour suppressor and inactivate cancer‐promoting inflammation. However, role of miR‐218 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. To determine the contribution of miR‐218 genetic predisposition and its interaction with hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations to HCC risk.
Usability of Silver Plating and Silver Bismuth Alloy Plating on Electrical Contacts

Silver plating has many advantages, such as low resistivity, good solderability and low cost compared with gold plating, but it is easy for silver to form sulfide film in the environment containing sulfur, which restrains the application of silver plating on the electrical contacts, especially in signal connectors. However, driven by the cost pressure in recent years, silver is reconsidered to be a candidate of finish material on the electrical contacts under certain conditions, and silver alloy plating is also proposed to improve the performance of pure silver plating. In this paper, the pure silver plating and silver bismuth (AgBi) alloy plating on electrical contacts were assessed by corrosion simulation and contact resistance measurement. By using sulphurous acid vapour test, the porosity of both silver plating with various thicknesses and AgBi alloy plating was measured. Then by sulfur hydrogen gas test, the relationship between the characters of corroded products and the electrical performance of both silver plating and AgBi plating was studied. The crystal structure of both pure silver plating and AgBi plating was detected by X-ray diffractometer to explain the difference of corrosion resistance. The usability of pure silver plating and AgBi plating on the electrical contacts was discussed based on the corrosion tests and structure analysis.
Components of cultural competence in three mental health programs.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify components of cultural competence in mental health programs developed for cultural groups by community and mental health professionals from these groups. METHODS Three programs were studied: a prevention program primarily serving African-American and Afro-Caribbean youth, a Latino adult acute inpatient unit, and a Chinese day treatment program in a community-based agency. Nine study-trained field researchers used a semistructured instrument that captures program genealogy, structure, processes, and cultural infusion. Program cultural elements were identified from field notes and from individual and group interviews of consumers and staff (N=104). A research-group consensus process with feedback from program staff was used to group elements by shared characteristics into the program components of cultural competence. RESULTS Components included communication competencies (with use of colloquialisms and accepted forms of address); staff in culturally acceptable roles; culturally framed trust building (such as pairing youths with mentors), stigma reduction, friendly milieus (such as serving culturally familiar foods and playing music popular with the culture), and services; and peer, family, and community involvement (including use of peer counselors and mentors, hosting parent weekends, and linking clients with senior center and community services). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating these components into any program in which underserved cultural populations are seen is recommended for improving cultural competence.
Clinical anatomy of the subserous layer: An amalgamation of gross and clinical anatomy

The 1998 edition of Terminologia Anatomica introduced some currently used clinical anatomical terms for the pelvic connective tissue or subserous layer. These innovations persuaded the present author to consider a format in which the clinical anatomical terms could be reconciled with those of gross anatomy and incorporated into a single anatomical glossary without contradiction or ambiguity. Specific studies on the subserous layer were undertaken on 79 Japanese women who had undergone surgery for uterine cervical cancer, and on 26 female cadavers that were dissected, 17 being formalin‐fixed and 9 fresh. The results were as follows: (a) the subserous layer could be segmentalized by surgical dissection in the perpendicular, horizontal and sagittal planes; (b) the segmentalized subserous layer corresponded to 12 cubes, or ligaments, of minimal dimension that enabled the pelvic organs to be extirpated; (c) each ligament had a three‐dimensional (3D) structure comprising craniocaudal, mediolateral, and dorsoventral directions vis‐á‐vis the pelvic axis; (d) these 3D‐structured ligaments were encoded morphologically in order of decreasing length; and (e) using these codes, all the surgical procedures for 19th century to present‐day radical hysterectomy could be expressed symbolically. The establishment of clinical anatomical terms, represented symbolically through coding as demonstrated in this article, could provide common ground for amalgamating clinical anatomy with gross anatomy. Consequently, terms in clinical anatomy and gross anatomy could be reconciled and compiled into a single anatomical glossary. Clin. Anat. 29:508–515, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of musculature during defecation in a particle‐feeding arachnid, Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida)

Most extant Chelicerata are characterized by external digestion and the ingestion of fluid food. Exceptions include the marine taxa, most Opiliones, and the mite groups Opilioacarida (Parasitiformes) and Sarcoptiformes (Acariformes), which ingest particulate food. This leads to different physiological and morphological adaptations for food processing, including the production and extrusion of solid fecal pellets, which are rather large in sarcoptiform mites. Few studies have investigated the defecation of such large fecal pellets, and available information is contradictory. We use a combination of non invasive microscopical techniques and in vivo examination to investigate the complex functional morphology of the anal region of the oribatid mite Archegozetes longisetosus Aoki. The opening of the anus is at least initiated by indirect muscular action via an increase of hemolymph pressure, through the action of dorsoventral muscles (dvm). Extrusion of the fecal pellet is accomplished by the prerectal muscle collar, with full opening of the anus and rotation and bowing of the plates probably resulting from pressure of the pellet. The sequential nature of these actions was demonstrated by many observations in which the anus opened only partially; these were concomitant with dmv contraction but pellets were not being extruded. All muscles directly connected to the anal and adanal regions assist in keeping the anus closed; they are antagonists to hydrostatic forces that are necessary for normal activity. Based on the literature, no obvious similarities were noted with defecation musculature in other particle‐feeding chelicerates, but most muscles can be homologized with those of more specialized oribatid mites. The function of the outer anal muscles has been modified in both Euphthiracaridae and Brachypylina to assist in providing general hemolymph pressure. J. Morphol. , 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making inferences about speciation using sophisticated statistical genetics methods: look before you leap

Understanding speciation is a fundamental aim of evolutionary biology and a very challenging one. Speciation can be viewed as the dynamics of genetic differentiation between populations resulting in substantial reproductive isolation ( Gavrilets 2003 ). It was generally accepted that very small levels of migration prevent genetic differentiation among populations and, therefore, speciation. However, recent theoretical work showed that sympatric speciation is possible ( Gavrilets 2003 ). Nevertheless, providing empirical evidence that gene flow occurred during speciation is challenging because several gene flow scenarios can explain observed patterns of genetic differentiation. Positive migration rate estimates alone do not prove ongoing gene flow during divergence. We also need to know whether migration took place before, during or after speciation. There is no statistical method specifically aimed at estimating gene flow timing, but several studies used the isolation with migration model ( Hey & Nielsen 2004, 2007 ; Hey 2010b ) to estimate this parameter and make inferences about speciation scenarios. It is tempting to use statistical methods to estimate important evolutionary parameters even if they do not appear explicitly in the inference model. Nevertheless, before doing so, we need to determine whether they can provide reliable results. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Strasburg and Rieseberg (2011) present a simulation study that examines the degree to which gene flow timing estimates obtained from IMa2 ( Hey 2010b ) can be used to make inferences about speciation mode. Their results are sobering; gene flow timing estimates obtained in this way are not reliable and cannot be used to unequivocally establish if gene flow was ongoing during speciation.
Understanding the Diverse Purposes of Performance Information use in Nonprofits: An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing the Use of Performance Measures

Abstract Performance measurement is not a panacea that automatically cures management problems and leads to success. To evaluate the effectiveness of performance measurement, the use of performance information should be investigated. In this article, the author examines how nonprofit organizations use performance information and what factors are related to its uses. Using survey data from California nonprofits (n = 143), the author finds that performance information use is influenced by government funding, range, and credibility of performance measurement, developmental culture, and stakeholder participation in the decision-making process. This study contributes to our understanding of performance information use in the nonprofit sector.
Cycle de vie et événements-ruptures d’un réseau de franchise : conséquences sur la relation franchiseur-franchisés

Cycle de vie et evenements-ruptures d'un reseau de franchise : consequences sur la relation franchiseur-franchises. Resume : Cette recherche de nature exploratoire a pour objectif d'etudier l'influence des evolutions strategiques des reseaux de franchise sur la relation franchiseur-franchises. La premiere partie expose le cadre d'analyse retenu. Le temps est apprehende dans son aspect continu a travers le concept de cycle de vie et dans son aspect discontinu a travers le concept d'evenements-ruptures. La deuxieme partie est consacree a la restitution de resultats de l'etude empirique fondee sur des etudes de cas. 19 reseaux de franchise ont ete analyses a travers les recits de vie de reseaux exposes par des franchiseurs (proprietaire ou cadres dirigeants) et des franchises des memes reseaux. Le processus de developpement a ete reconstitue grâce a l'etude de reseaux a deux stades de developpement, la croissance et la maturite. Sont detailles les quatre phases du cycle de vie d'un reseau de franchise ainsi que les quatre evenements-ruptures qui jalonnent la vie des reseaux : les changements de perimetre du reseau, les changements de strategie quant au statut des points de vente, les changements de proprietaires, les changements de strategie marketing. Les consequences sur la relation entre un franchiseur et ses franchises sont a chaque fois analysees. Trois points sont ensuite discutes : 1) l'interet du concept d'evenement-rupture pour completer celui de cycle de vie d'un reseau. 2) La tres grande frequence des evenements-ruptures entrainant des changements de proprietaires. Les franchises se voient imposer de nouveaux contractants, non choisis et des modifications de strategie qui peuvent remettre en cause l'economie de leur contrat et l'horizon temporel de la relation. 3) L'evolution des reseaux, avec la maturite, vers plus de directivite vis-a-vis des franchises. La communication debouche sur la formulation de recommandations manageriales pour ameliorer le pilotage de la relation. Mots cles : reseau de franchise, relation franchiseur-franchise, cycle de vie, evenement-rupture, recits de vie.
Regulating Near-Space Activities: Using the Precedent of the Exclusive Economic Zone as a Model?

Abstract The deployment of high-altitude vehicles in near space with the purpose of providing Internet, communication, and other services represents the new frontier of aerospace activities. Near-space operations are attracting growing interest due to their mult-purpose nature and their anticipated high profitability. Despite such positive perceptions, near-space plans are, however, hampered by the uncertain international legal status of near space. Using the precedent of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), this article suggests a new categorization of the near space as the exclusive utilization space (EUS) and a set of rules to manage its utilization.
Amadori‐albumin correlates with microvascular complications and precedes nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients

Background Amadori‐albumin, a major glycated protein, is involved in experimental hyperglycaemia‐induced microvascular complications, and is associated with advanced nephropathy in Type I diabetic patients in humans. Our aim was to assess the association of Amadori‐albumin with early nephropathy and with retinopathy in Type I diabetic patients and the involvement of chronic low‐degree inflammation therein.
General Election News Coverage: What Engages Audiences Down the Ballot

As Election Day approaches, more people seek news and information about politics. To understand the habits of news audiences in the run-up to the election, we analyzed what was being covered in reporting about down-ballot, non-presidential races for U.S. Congress, governor, and local offices in the lead-up to the 2016 general election. The results shared in this white paper suggest a tough spot for news organizations. Issue coverage is often heralded for helping to inform the public, yet the results show that the more issues covered in a news article, the lower the page views and social referrals. Issue coverage also declined in volume as the election approached, right when many prospective voters tuned in. The results do provide some insight into when issue coverage worked, however. Articles discussing social issues and corruption – two highly salient issues during the campaign – saw increased traffic.
Edge Artifacts in Point Spread Function-based PET Reconstruction in Relation to Object Size and Reconstruction Parameters

Objective(s): We evaluated edge artifacts in relation to phantom diameter and reconstruction parameters in point spread function (PSF)-based positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction. Methods: PET data were acquired from an original cone-shaped phantom filled with 18F solution (21.9 kBq/mL) for 10 min using a Biograph mCT scanner. The images were reconstructed using the baseline ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm and the OSEM with PSF correction model. The reconstruction parameters included a pixel size of 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mm, 1-12 iterations, 24 subsets, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the post-filter Gaussian filter of 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mm. We compared both the maximum recovery coefficient (RCmax) and the mean recovery coefficient (RCmean) in the phantom at different diameters. Results: The OSEM images had no edge artifacts, but the OSEM with PSF images had a dense edge delineating the hot phantom at diameters 10 mm or more and a dense spot at the center at diameters of 8 mm or less. The dense edge was clearly observed on images with a small pixel size, a Gaussian filter with a small FWHM, and a high number of iterations. At a phantom diameter of 6-7 mm, the RCmax for the OSEM and OSEM with PSF images was 60% and 140%, respectively (pixel size: 1.0 mm; FWHM of the Gaussian filter: 2.0 mm; iterations: 2). The RCmean of the OSEM with PSF images did not exceed 100%. Conclusion: PSF-based image reconstruction resulted in edge artifacts, the degree of which depends on the pixel size, number of iterations, FWHM of the Gaussian filter, and object size.
Oxygen cost of exercise hyperpnoea is greater in women compared with men

The oxygen cost of breathing represents a significant fraction of total oxygen uptake during intense exercise. At a given ventilation, women have a greater work of breathing compared with men, and because work is linearly related to oxygen uptake we hypothesized that their oxygen cost of breathing would also be greater. For a given ventilation, women had a greater absolute oxygen cost of breathing, and this represented a greater fraction of total oxygen uptake. Regardless of sex, those who developed expiratory flow limitation had a greater oxygen cost of breathing at maximal exercise. The greater oxygen cost of breathing in women indicates that a greater fraction of total oxygen uptake (and possibly cardiac output) is directed to the respiratory muscles, which may influence blood flow distribution during exercise.
Graphical Prediction of Trapped Mode Resonances in Sub-mm and THz Waveguide Networks

An analytical method for the visualization and prediction of trapped-mode resonances based on the dimensions of a dispersive microwave network is described. The method as explained is intuitive, easy to implement, and has proven itself to be a useful tool in the avoidance of problems associated with trapped modes prior to fabrication, as well as to correct those problems in designs where this design detail was overlooked.
Effects of Constitutive Gene Expression on the Dynamics of Random Boolean Networks

We investigate the effects of constitutive gene activation upon the dynamics of random Boolean networks using a suite of models. We find that constitutive activity leads to simpler state spaces, with fewer and larger basins of attraction. The major difference in patterns of basin number and distribution is seen between networks with no activation and those with a single constitutively active node. Increasing the proportion of constitutively active node intensifies, but does not qualitatively change, the observed patterns. The proportion of genes constitutively active interacts in a nonlinear way with other network parameters, such as average connectivity and proportion of inhibitory links. We conclude that constitutive gene activation has a fundamental effect on network behavior that has been overlooked in previous random Boolean network studies. It acts to constrain the start states of the networks, and the states which can be reached during development and differentiation, and we hypothesize that constitutive activation and repression of genes may help to guide the process whereby a single genetic regulatory network produces a range of different cell types.