Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity and related factors in 7-12 year-old elementary school students during 2009-2010 in Sari, Iran.

AIM To define the prevalence of obesity and its related factors in 2-7 year-old elementary school students in Sari city (Mazandaran, Iran). METHODS In this descriptive cross sectional study, which was conducted in the 2009-2010 period, the study population included 7-12 year-old first to fifth grade elementary school students in Sari. Sampling was multi-stage and stratified randomization at level of the target students. Student's height and weight were measured using stediometer and digital scales. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. A questionnaire about feeding habits and socio-economic status(SES) of families was used. Data collection was performed using phone interview with parents also the questionnaire's records. Analysis was done in SPSS16 using appropriate statistical tests, p<0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS Of 653 students, 297 (45.5%) were male, 177 (27.4%) children were overweight (BMI>85%) and 78 (12% ) were obese (BMI> 95%). Higher prevalence of obesity in the children with good socio economic status was found (p=0.001). Significant relationship between usage of fast food and obesity, and between school grade and obesity (p= 0.001) was found. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of obesity in studied children was high, which suggests the need for serious attention in the health system, extensive studies, also designing and implementation of interventions with regard to childhood obesity.
Biotin-deficient Growth of Bacillus polymyxa

When Bacillus polymyxa, a wild-type biotin auxotroph, is grown in biotin-deficient medium, a retardation of cell division and consequential cell elongation are the initial detectable consequences of limited biotin. Subsequent events in biotin-deficient cells include, in chronological order: inhibition of net ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis and a simultaneous arithmetical accumulation of protein; loss of net RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis; morphological aberration, death, and lysis. Incorporation studies employing 32P-phosphate and 14CO2 demonstrate an initial selective inhibition of net ribosomal RNA synthesis over that of ribosomal protein or total protein. Biotin could not be replaced by various extracts from which biotin had been removed, nor could osmotic stabilizers be found which could prevent lysis of the culture.
Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in obstructive sleep apnoea: the heart of the problem?

Heart rhythm disorders temporally associated with obstructive apnoeic events have been highlighted for more than 30 years. An ECG from polysomnographic recordings enables both sleep medicine specialists and cardiologists to address occasional very impressive paroxysmal atrioventricular conduction blocks or sinus pauses (of up to 10 s during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep) [1]. The pathophysiology of these disorders induced by respiratory events is obviously complex and represents an exciting challenge in the context of integrative human physiology. The role of acute and chronic imbalances in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) associated with obstructive sleep apnoeas or hypopnoeas (OSA) has been clearly demonstrated in many cellular mechanisms of myocardial adaptation to such repeated stresses [2–4]. In addition, these autonomic disorders are now recognised as independent risk factors or triggers of sudden cardiac death not only in heart failure patients [5] but also in people with preserved systolic/diastolic left ventricular function [6, 7]. Although sleep is normally a time when the parasympathetic modulation of the heart predominates and myocardial electrical stability is enhanced, OSA disturbs this quiescence, creating an autonomic profile in which both profound vagal activity leading to bradycardia and sympathetic overactivity favouring ventricular ectopy are commonly observed [8]. The authors of a review paper published in the current issue of the European Respiratory Journal [9] must be congratulated for successfully detailing of the mechanisms present during apnoea/hypopnoea that can lead to heart rhythm disturbances. This paper is, for me, a remarkable teaching tool that I will use again in the future due to its clarity and its “updated” literature review. In a second part …
How to Improve the Sales Techniques in Electric Power Market

The sales of electric power are facing the unprecedented opportunity and challenge when power industry is gradually changing from state macro-control to market business.This paper elaborates how to improve sales techniques,adapt to power market development and make both power supply enterprises and power consumers obtain a profit from 4 aspects of concept,system,approach and means.
LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS FOR THE MEAN STRUCTURE OF CORRELATED FUNCTIONAL PROCESSES

The paper introduces a general framework for testing hypotheses about the structure of the mean function of complex functional processes. Important particular cases of the proposed framework are: 1) testing the null hypotheses that the mean of a functional process is parametric against a nonparametric alternative; and 2) testing the null hypothesis that the means of two possibly correlated functional processes are equal or differ by only a simple parametric function. A global pseudo likelihood ratio test is proposed and its asymptotic distribution is derived. The size and power properties of the test are confirmed in realistic simulation scenarios. Finite sample power results indicate that the proposed test is much more powerful than competing alternatives. Methods are applied to testing the equality between the means of normalized δ-power of sleep electroencephalograms of subjects with sleep-disordered breathing and matched controls. ∗Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, 2311 Stinson Drive, Campus Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695-8203 USA. (email: staicu@stat.ncsu.edu). Research supported by NSF grant DMS1007466. †The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. (email: yxli@xmu.edu.cn ). Research supported by NIH grant R01NS060910. ‡Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E3636 Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. (email: ccrainic@jhsph.edu). Research supported by NIH grant R01NS060910. §Department of Statistical Science and School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University, 1170 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. (email: dr24@cornell.edu). Research supported by NIH grant R01NS060910. 1 Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press Some
An Empirical Analysis of the R&D Efficiency of Chinese Large and Medium-sized Industrial Enterprise of Different Regional Based on Improved DEA Model

The enterprises have become the most important part of the RD activities. So they should do their best to manage the RD activities, and the best way of solving this problem is to evaluate the efficiency of their activities. Because of the normal change of input of RD resulting to the fluctuation of the efficiency of the enterprises, this paper studies the RD activities of the 30 regional large and medium-sized Industrial enterprises instead of single enterprise by way of improved C2R model considering the fact of output lagging input of RD. The result indicate that not only was the gross of eastern region, mid region and western region different, but their efficiency of RD activities was also different, and most regional enterprises had lower efficiency, increasing return to scale, and the new products sales profits of which collapsed, etc.
Black tea: Phytochemicals, cancer chemoprevention, and clinical studies

ABSTRACT Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is the most popular, flavored, functional, and therapeutic non-alcoholic drink consumed by two-thirds of the world's population. Black tea leaves are reported to contain thousands of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, amino acids, volatile compounds, and alkaloids that exhibit a range of promising pharmacological properties. Due to strong antioxidant property, black tea inhibits the development of various cancers by regulating oxidative damage of biomolecules, endogenous antioxidants, and pathways of mutagen and transcription of antioxidant gene pool. Regular drinking of phytochemicals-rich black tea is linked to regulate several molecular targets, including COX-2, 5-LOX, AP-1, JNK, STAT, EGFR, AKT, Bcl2, NF-κB, Bcl-xL, caspases, p53, FOXO1, TNFα, PARP, and MAPK, which may be the basis of how dose of black tea prevents and cures cancer. In vitro and preclinical studies support the anti-cancer activity of black tea; however, its effect in human trails is uncertain, although more clinical experiments are needed at molecular levels to understand its anti-cancer property. This review discusses the current knowledge on phytochemistry, chemopreventive activity, and clinical applications of black tea to reveal its anti-cancer effect.
Health Outcomes and Green Renovation of Affordable Housing

Objective. This study sought to determine whether renovating low-income housing using “green” and healthy principles improved resident health and building performance. Methods. We investigated resident health and building performance outcomes at baseline and one year after the rehabilitation of low-income housing using Enterprise Green Communities green specifications, which improve ventilation; reduce moisture, mold, pests, and radon; and use sustainable building products and other healthy housing features. We assessed participant health via questionnaire, provided Healthy Homes training to all participants, and measured ventilation, carbon dioxide, and radon. Results. Adults reported statistically significant improvements in overall health, asthma, and non-asthma respiratory problems. Adults also reported that their children's overall health improved, with significant improvements in non-asthma respiratory problems. Post-renovation building performance testing indicated that the building envelope was tightened and local exhaust fans performed well. New mechanical ventilation was installed (compared with no ventilation previously), with fresh air being supplied at 70% of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers standard. Radon was <2 picocuries per liter of air following mitigation, and the annual average indoor carbon dioxide level was 982 parts per million. Energy use was reduced by 45% over the one-year post-renovation period. Conclusions. We found significant health improvements following low-income housing renovation that complied with green standards. All green building standards should include health requirements. Collaboration of housing, public health, and environmental health professionals through integrated design holds promise for improved health, quality of life, building operation, and energy conservation.
Effects of the sniffing port air makeup in gas chromatography-olfactometry

A time−intensity gas chromatography−olfactometry (GCO) apparatus was developed to study some aerodynamic parameters that may influence odor detection and intensity measurements by the subjects. The addition of humidified air at the elution place of the compounds is generally recommended for several reasons (essentially to prevent nasal mucosa dehydration and to improve chromatographic effluent carriage out of the column), but clues about these effects are yet to be published. This question is studied through two complementary experiments using synthetic solutions of 3-methyl-1-butanethiol, hexan-2-one, octanal, nonanal, furfural, citronellal, benzaldehyde, octan-1-ol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, guaiacol, 2-phenylethanol, and vanillin. This work demonstrates the need for an air makeup to increase odor detection frequency and intensity rating. With the conditions tested, a minimum makeup air flow rate of 50 L·min-1 is necessary. On the contrary, humidification of the makeup is useless for the sniffers comfort a.
Jejunal mucosal recovery in coeliac disease in relation to the degree of adherence to a gluten-free diet.

Thirty-eight patients with a firm diagnosis of coeliac disease have been reassessed after being prescribed a gluten-free diet at least six months previously. The mean period between diagnosis with institution of the gluten-free diet and reassessment was 27.5 months. Two dietitians co-operated in the study by making a careful dietary assessment of all the patients and classifying them into three dietary groups: those on a rigid gluten-free diet; those consuming small amounts of gluten; those consuming large amounts of gluten. Various investigations were performed on these patients including a repeat jejunal biopsy for morphological study and for disaccharidase estimations. These investigations were performed without knowledge of how the individual patients had been classified by the dietitians, thus avoiding any conscious bias. The patients judged to be on a strict gluten-free diet were all symptom-free and virtually all showed normal structural appearances in the jejunal biopsy specimen as judged by dissecting microscope appearances, by bight microscopy and by the surface: volume ratio. Likewise, all the disaccharidases had risen from very low levels at the time of diagnosis into the normal range. The patients judged to be consuming small amounts of gluten showed some improvement in mucosal structure and in disaccharidase content, but appreciably less so than the patients on a rigid gluten-free diet. The patients judged to be consuming large amounts of gluten showed little or no improvement in mucosal structure and disaccharidase content. Most of them were clinically improved but this can probably be accounted for by the fact that we took a daily intake of 0.5 g gluten as a large amount whereas the average consumption of gluten in the general population is 7.0 g/day. It is presumed that the patients were likely to be consuming average amounts of gluten before diagnosis whereas they were consuming much less at the time of reassessment even when they were failing to adhere to a gluten-free diet. Previous work has suggested that young patients with coeliac disease show better mucosal recovery with a gluten-free diet than older patients. The present study shows that the degree of recovery is independent of age and is dependent upon the strictness with which the patient adheres to a gluten-free diet.
Cancer inflammation and regulatory T cells

Chronic inflammation is essential for cancer growth and metastasis. It follows that factors reducing inflammation would abrogate cancer and restore tissue health. However, roles for anti‐inflammatory CD4+ regulatory cells (TREG) in cancer are enigmatic and controversial. Our recent data reveal that TREG may function in cancer similarly to inflammatory bowel disease or multiple sclerosis, whereby TREG accumulate but lack potency to restore tissue homeostasis under inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, early life exposures to diverse environmental organisms reinforce a protective TREG phenotype that inhibits cancer. In contrast, hygienic individuals with few exposures earlier in life suffer from a dysregulated TREG feedback loop. Consequently, hygienic subjects have increased risk of malignancy later in life. This cancer condition is reversible by blocking underlying inflammation. Taken together, these data help explain increased inflammation‐associated cancer rates in hygienic societies and identify targets to abrogate cancer and restore overall health.
Promoting Policy and Environmental Change Using Photovoice in the Kaiser Permanente Community Health Initiative

Creative ways must be found to engage both community residents and political leaders around policy and environmental solutions to public health issues. Photovoice is a community-based, participatory approach to documentary photography that provides people with training on photography, ethics, critical discussion, and policy advocacy. Photovoice projects have been implemented across the nation as part of Kaiser Permanente’s Community Health Initiative—a community-based obesity prevention effort. This article focuses on the first Photovoice project implemented in three communities in Colorado. Photovoice themes related to healthy eating and active living include a lack of access to healthy food choices in stores and schools, unsafe street crossings and sidewalks, and the need to redevelop certain areas to encourage safe recreation. The involvement of policy leaders in the project combined with several dissemination activities has contributed to healthier food offerings in schools and neighborhoods and city planning efforts that emphasize walkability and access to healthy food, and park revitalization.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Trust,TAM and Online Shopping

The lack of trust is one of the baffles for the development of online shopping.This paper tries to construct trust and Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) in an integrated theoretical framework of online consumer behavior.We use online questionnaire and SEM to test hypothesis about the relationship between trust,TAM and online shopping.The results show that trust,perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are driving forces to lead online shopping,and that buying attitude determines buying intention.
RNA-Binding Proteins Impacting on Internal Initiation of Translation

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are pivotal regulators of all the steps of gene expression. RBPs govern gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level by virtue of their capacity to assemble ribonucleoprotein complexes on certain RNA structural elements, both in normal cells and in response to various environmental stresses. A rapid cellular response to stress conditions is triggered at the step of translation initiation. Two basic mechanisms govern translation initiation in eukaryotic mRNAs, the cap-dependent initiation mechanism that operates in most mRNAs, and the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mechanism activated under conditions that compromise the general translation pathway. IRES elements are cis-acting RNA sequences that recruit the translation machinery using a cap-independent mechanism often assisted by a subset of translation initiation factors and various RBPs. IRES-dependent initiation appears to use different strategies to recruit the translation machinery depending on the RNA organization of the region and the network of RBPs interacting with the element. In this review we discuss recent advances in understanding the implications of RBPs on IRES-dependent translation initiation.
Revisiting Young Children's Understanding of the Psychological Causes of Behavior.

In 1989, Miller and Aloise challenged the prevailing belief that preschoolers tend to explain others' behavior in terms of external events or a person's physical attributes and have little understanding of psychological causes. That review documented preschoolers' understanding of, and even preference for, psychological causes as part of an emerging renaissance in developmental social-cognitive research. The present, updated review (97 articles, participant ages 3 months to 6 years) suggests the emergence of a transformative new perspective in which social-cognition is balanced between social and cognitive aspects rather than tilted toward cognition. Recent research on infants' awareness of mental states, young children's understanding of social categories and their judgments of the trustworthiness of informants, and cultural context reveals various ways in which preschoolers' social-causal reasoning is social.
Banded structures in the matrix of human and rabbit nucleus pulposus.

During observations of the ultrastructure of juvenile human nucleus pulposus from scoliotic spines, banded structures have been found in the extracellular matrix. Similar structures have been encountered in the nucleus pulposus of normal rabbits. The banded structures show a periodicity which differs from that of native collagen. The present account describes their morphology in man and rabbit, and compares them with examples of other extracellular banded structures which have been described in mammalian tissues.
Lifetime effect on the multiplet structure of 4d x-ray-photoemission spectra in heavy rare-earth elements.

X-ray-photoemission spectra of 4d(${\mathit{N}}_{4,5}$) core level in heavy rare-earth elements are studied theoretically with the consideration of the 4d-4f4f(${\mathit{N}}_{4,5\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathit{N}}_{6,7}$${\mathit{N}}_{6,7}$) super-Coster-Kronig decay process in the excited states. It is shown that the lifetime broadening of the states in the multiplets strongly varies with their binding energies. The calculation considering the decay effect reproduces the experimental spectrum fairly well. The generally adopted assumption of the constant core-hole lifetime broadening breaks down completely if the coupling between a core-hole and unfilled valence shell is strong and yet the decay process is dominated by the coupling between them. The tendency in the lifetime broadening, that the larger binding energy states have the wider width, can be understood from a point of view of electron correlation.
A Comprehensive Examination of CYP19 Variation and Breast Density

Mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that mammographic density is influenced by estrogen exposures ([1][1]-[5][2]). CYP19 produces aromatase, the enzyme responsible for conversion of androgens to estrogens in all tissues,
Is coding a relevant metaphor for the brain?

I argue that the popular neural coding metaphor is often misleading. First, the “neural code” often spans both the experimental apparatus and the brain. Second, a neural code is information only by reference to something with a known meaning, which is not the kind of information relevant for a perceptual system. Third, the causal structure of neural codes (linear, atemporal) is incongruent with the causal structure of the brain (circular, dynamic). I conclude that a causal description of the brain cannot be based on neural codes, because spikes are more like actions than hieroglyphs. Long abstract “Neural coding” is a popular metaphor in neuroscience, where objective properties of the world are communicated to the brain in the form of spikes. Here I argue that this metaphor is often inappropriate and misleading. First, when neurons are said to encode experimental parameters, the neural code depends on experimental details that are not carried by the coding variable. Thus, the representational power of neural codes is much more limited than generally implied. Second, neural codes carry information only by reference to things with known meaning. In contrast, perceptual systems must build information from relations between sensory signals and actions, forming a structured internal model. Neural codes are inadequate for this purpose because they are unstructured. Third, coding variables are observables tied to the temporality of experiments, while spikes are timed actions that mediate coupling in a distributed dynamical system. The coding metaphor tries to fit the dynamic, circular and distributed causal structure of the brain into a linear chain of transformations between observables, but the two causal structures are incongruent. I conclude that the neural coding metaphor cannot provide a basis for theories of brain function, because it is incompatible with both the causal structure of the brain and the informational requirements of cognition.