Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated pest management: an entomologist's perspective.

It is widely agreed that integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) is the most sustainable approach for reducing crop yield losses due to arthropod pests and diseases, an aim shared by both agricultural entomology and plant pathology. IPDM combines several control methods in the most compatible way, taking into account the entire agroecosystem, other related ecosystems and the general interest of society. Implementation of IPDM systems needs R&D in Plant pathology and Agricultural entomology to be mutually connected and to progress with a common objective. This goal is analysed through the scientific and more general literature produced by plant pathologists and agricultural entomologists in recent decades. The term ‘integrated’ has been adopted to a greater extent by agricultural entomologists although it is increasingly used by plant pathologists. When the R&D on the most relevant control methods for IPDM is examined, plant pathologists focus on crop plant resistance whereas agricultural entomologists are more active in biological control, though the differences tend to diminish in recent years. Surprisingly, cultural control is rarely mentioned in either of the two disciplines. A comparison of the references to innovative tools for IPDM shows a relatively low adoption by plant pathologists and agricultural entomologists with the exception of biotechnological tools, which are more widely used by the former than the latter. Economic threshold is a little used expression in plant pathology publications. Finally, references to nanotechnology in plant pathology and agricultural entomology publications are still few but significant considering the novelty of this field in science and technology development.
Aerosol jet printed pH sensor based on carbon nanotubes for flexible electronics

The monitoring of pH is valuable for many environmental, industrial, and biological applications. Here, we develop a flexible pH sensor using CNT material using aerosol jet technology. The chemiresistive pH sensor is fabricated with a CNT-based miniaturized serpentine sensing element printed on top of the silver electrodes. Aerosol jet printing parameters are optimized to achieve high resolution printing. The fabricated pH sensor shows good sensitivity and repeatability.
Mechanisms of long-term decline in size of lesser sandeels in the North Sea explored using a growth and phenology model

The lesser sandeel Ammodytes marinus is a key species in the North Sea ecosystem, transferring energy from planktonic producers to top predators. Previous studies have shown a long-term decline in the size of 0-group sandeels in the western North Sea, but they were unable to pinpoint the mechanism (later hatching, slower growth or changes in size-dependent mortality) or cause. To investigate the first 2 possibilities we combined 2 independent time series of sandeel size, namely data from chick-feeding Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica and from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR), in a novel statistical model implemented using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The model estimated annual mean length on 1 July, as well as hatching date and growth rate for sandeels from 1973 to 2006. Mean length-at-date declined by 22% over this period, corresponding to a 60% decrease in energy content, with a sharper decline since 2002. Up to the mid-1990s, the decline was associated with a trend towards later hatching. Subsequently, hatching became earlier again, and the continued trend towards smaller size appears to have been driven by lower growth rates, particularly in the most recent years, although we could not rule out changes in size-dependent mortality. Our findings point to major changes in key aspects of sandeel life history, which we ­consider are most likely due to direct and indirect temperature-related changes over a range of biotic factors, including the seasonal distribution of copepods and intra- and inter-specific competition with planktivorous fish. The results have implications both for the many predators of sandeels and for age and size of maturation in this aggregation of North Sea sandeels.
menggunakan struktur model ARX dan model kotak hitam untuk menerbitkan anggaran model matematik bagi sistem tersebut. Reka bentuk SIFLC menawarkan pengurangan yang signifikan dalam peraturan yang digunakan serta memudahkan proses mengawal parameter kawalan. Untuk mengesahkan keberkesanannya, kaedah 

^Äëíê~Åí. In this paper, a Single-input fuzzy logic controller (SIFLC) is designed and applied on a nonlinear heating and ventilation plant VVS-400 developed from Instrutek, Larvik, Norway. VVS-400 is modeled using Auto-regressive with exogenous input (ARX) model structure and linear black-box technique. The proposed SIFLC offers significant reduction in rule inferences and simplify the tuning of control parameters. To verify its effectiveness, this control method is simulated with an approximated VVS-400 model. An approximated VVS-400 model is obtained using System Identification toolbox in Matlab. The SIFLC provides several advantages over conventional fuzzy logic controller (CFLC) due to its simple inference rule mechanism, require very minimum tuning effort and minimizing the computational time to accomplish the controller algorithm. Simulations validate the equivalency of both controllers. Results reveal that SIFLC and CFLC have almost similar output performance. However SIFLC requires very minimum tuning effort and has less computational time.
Design and Development of a Marker-based Augmented Reality System using OpenCV and OpenGL

Augmented reality system generates a composite view for the user. It is a combination of the real scene viewed by the user and a virtual scene generated by the computer. In this paper, a webcam based augmented reality system has been developed using OpenCV and OpenCL. Webcam is used to capture the marker tag and image processing technique is used to obtain the required information such as position and orientation. By using this information, virtual images or objects can be created and "pasted" on the marker tag. OpenCV is used to handle real-time image processing and virtual objects are drawn using OpenCL API. The design and development of the system mainly involves the design of the marker tag. The design criteria of the marker tag have been studied, e.g. shape and colour. An effective market tag has been designed and used to provide the information about the position and orientation to the virtual environment. Virtual objects are drawn and superimposed with the real-time video captured from the webcam. The virtual objects can be changed through keyboard functions or 3D models in STL ASCII format.
A predictive quasi-steady model of aerodynamic loads on flapping wings

Quasi-steady aerodynamic models play an important role in evaluating aerodynamic performance and conducting design and optimization of flapping wings. The kinematics of flapping wings is generally a resultant motion of wing translation (yaw) and rotation (pitch and roll). Most quasi-steady models are aimed at predicting the lift and thrust generation of flapping wings with prescribed kinematics. Nevertheless, it is insufficient to limit flapping wings to prescribed kinematics only since passive pitching motion is widely observed in natural flapping flights and preferred for the wing design of flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs). In addition to the aerodynamic forces, an accurate estimation of the aerodynamic torque about the pitching axis is required to study the passive pitching motion of flapping flights. The unsteadiness arising from the wing’s rotation complicates the estimation of the centre of pressure (CP) and the aerodynamic torque within the context of quasi-steady analysis. Although there are a few attempts in literature to model the torque analytically, the involved problems are still not completely solved. In this work, we present an analytical quasi-steady model by including four aerodynamic loading terms. The loads result from the wings translation, rotation, their coupling as well as the added-mass effect. The necessity of including all the four terms in a quasi-steady model in order to predict both the aerodynamic force and torque is demonstrated. Validations indicate a good accuracy of predicting the CP, the aerodynamic loads and the passive pitching motion for various Reynolds numbers. Moreover, compared to the existing quasi-steady models, the presented model does not rely on any empirical parameters and thus is more predictive, which enables application to the shape and kinematics optimization of flapping wings.
APPLICATION OF MODIFIED WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST IN J . . 1 AXIMAL POWER A 1 EASURElvfENT

Sazetak Cilj racla bio je cia se prikazu karakteristike standardnog i modifikovanih verzija Wingate anaerobnog testa, kao i da se utvrde i objasne razlike u posmatranim parametrima u zavisnosti od protokola merenja. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 30 "nesportista", koji su se bavili svakodnevnorn uobicajenorn fizickorn aktivnoscu. Odreetivani su sledeci parametri: maksimalna anaerobna snaga (peak power), srednja snaga (mean powers i eksplozivna snaga iii prirast (explosive power). U rnodifikovanirn verzijama ispitanik u toku prvih 5 s, odnosno lOs okrece pedale postepeno ubrzavajuci, kako bi zatim krenuo "iz sve snage", te se u preostalom delu testiranje ne razlikuje od standardnog. Vrednosti maksimalne i anaerobne snage su u standardnoj verziji bile 622.20± 134.57 \V i 89.26:::28.57 Wis. U moditikaciji I maksimalna i eksplozivna snaga Sll 680,25±133.43 Wi 100.60±12,77 W/s, au modifikacij i 2685.95:::135,68 W i I00,30± I0,09 Wis. Dobijene su statisticki znacajne razlike u vrednostima oba parametra izrnedu stanelardnog i modifikovanih testiranja (p<0,05). lzrnedu dve rnodifikovane verzije nije bilo razlika u posmatranirn parametrima (p>O.05). bez obzira koja jc oel njih prirncnjena kao prva retest proba. Parametar srednje snage nije poreden u OVOI11 testiranju jcr jc, uz opisanu modifikaci. u,· II illgate test prakticno trajao krace, sto je onernogucilo valielno predstavljanje pararnetra. Razliku izmedu standardne i modifikovanih verzija mozcrno objasniti razlikom izmcdu test i retest proba, kao i zbog rnodifikacije protokola, jer Sll ispitanici II modifikovanorn tcstiranju zapocinjali maksimalnu aktivnost iz "lcteceg" starta, prethodno savladajuci inerciju. Kljucne reci: Anaerobioza: Anaerobni prag; Vezbe kao testovi: Skclctni misici; Fizicki napor: Energetski metabolizam: Ergornetrija
Phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Pongamia pinnata L. (Fabaceae)

Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Pongamia pinnata L. (Fabacea). Method: The present study provides pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical details of the leaves of P. pinnata. Macro and microscopic evaluation and WHO recommended parameters were followed in the study. Results: The macroscopic study showed that the leaf was ovate or elliptic with smooth margins, short petiole, alternate imparipinnate, hairless, acuminate at apex, rounded to cuneate at base and slightly thickened. Microscopic study revealed collateral, closed vascular bundles, trichomes, paracytic stomata, xylem vessels and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. Physiochemical analysis of leaf showed total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash as 8.33±0.31, 2.33±0.36 and 0.5±0.0 %w/w respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, steroids and saponins. Conclusions: The results of this study can serve as valuable source of information for identification of this plant for future investigation and applications.
On-Line Control of 1ph. She-Pwm Voltage Source Inverter for Statcom Applications

On-line solution of switching angles of Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) PWM inverter has been a subject of research since 70s. Recent research has suggested new on- line control techniques for microprocessor implementation of SHE PWM method such as regular sampled harmonic elimination, space vector techniques, Walsh function harmonic elimination. A method based on curve fitting has been proposed in this paper. The solution trajectories by Newton iteration method are approximately represented by using 7 th order polynomial. On-line computation of switching angle (α) is just evaluation of polynomial equation by substituting value of modulation index (m). The complete solutions for unipolar switching pattern to eliminate 3rd to 23rd harmonics in the VSI output using conventional technique and curve fitting technique has been given. The deviations of actual and approximate solutions are also presented along with corroborative experimental results on a 1ph, 230V, 5kVA IGBT based VSI controlled by TMS320LF2406, 16-bit fixed point DSP processor.
Anticancer potential of Tinospora cordifolia and arabinogalactan against benzo(a)pyrene induced pulmonary tumorigenesis: a study in relevance to various biomarkers

Introduction: Aqueous Tinospora cordifolia stem extract (Aq.Tc) and arabinogalactan (AG), its bioactive polysaccharide, which are antioxidant remedies were evaluated on pulmonary cancer and associated tumor markers.Methods: Mice were randomly segregated into 6 groups. Group I: animals served as control. Group II: animals which were administered Aq.Tc extract (200 mg/kg, orally), thrice a week. Group III: animals which received AG (7.5 mg/kg, orally) thrice a week. Group IV: animals which were instilled with benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) (50 mg/kg, orally) twice within an interval of 2 weeks. Group V: animals which received Aq.Tc extract as in group II, along with B(a)P after 2 weeks of Aq.Tc administration. Group VI: animals which received AG as in group III along with B(a)P after 2 weeks of AG administration.Results: As expected, B(a)P treated mice exhibited high tumor incidence and multiplicity with concomitant increase in serum/plasma markers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumor necrosis factor. However, Aq.Tc and AG supplementation to B(a)P abused animals significantly attenuated these parameters at different stages of cancer, depicting their anti-cancer effects in lung carcinogenesis. Also, treatment of Aq.Tc and AG to tumor bearing mice reduced the degree of histopathological alterations as compared to B(a)P installed mice. The apoptotic index in case of Aq.Tc and AG fed mice treated with B(a)P was higher as compared to only B(a)P treated mice. Further it was observed that Aq.Tc could induce higher degree of apoptosis when compared to AG group, suggesting Aq.Tc as a more effective modulator of tumorigenesis.Conclusion: Overall, these findings substantiate the chemopreventive potential of Aq.Tc and AG against lung tumorigenesis. Aq.Tc was found to be more effective than AG in modulating the process of lung carcinogenesis as reflected by various observations.
Botulinum toxin and its clinical aspects: An overview

Neurotoxins, an extensive class of exogenous chemical compound, adversely affect the functioning of both developing and mature nervous tissue through the inhibition of neuron cellular processes. These inhibitory processes usually range from membrane depolarization mechanisms to interneuron communication. By inhibiting the neuronal ability to perform their expected intracellular functions, or pass a signal to a neighboring cell, neurotoxins can induce systemic nervous system arrest as in the case of botulinum toxin (BTX), or even nervous tissue death. The time required for the onset of symptoms upon neurotoxin exposure can vary between different toxins, being on the order of hours for BTX and years for lead. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. [1]
Firm size and skill formation processes: an emerging debate

Recent research has established that small firms tend to develop and acquire the skills they need in different ways to those employed by larger organisations. More specifically, due to certain characteristics inherent to their small size, small firms generally display greater informality in their learning processes. As such, it is now broadly accepted that they cannot normally be expected to learn in the highly formalised and structured ways more often pursued by their larger counterparts. However, this enlightened perspective has, in certain parts of the literature, arguably led to a neglect of formal training as a means of developing skills. Small firms can and do benefit from formal training – some more than others – but this is at risk of being ignored. Based on a critical review of the relevant research, the paper aims to bring a measure of clarity and structure to this emerging debate. In doing so, it draws on the concept of ‘learning architecture’ to illuminate the connection between firm size and learning processes.
Constraining cloud parameters using high density gas tracers in galaxies

Far-infrared molecular emission is an important tool used to understand the excitation mechanisms of the gas in the inter-stellar medium of star-forming galaxies. In the present work, we model the emission from rotational transitions with critical densities n >~ 10^4 cm-3. We include 4-3 < J <= 15-14 transitions of CO and 13CO, in addition to J <= 7-6 transitions of HCN, HNC, and HCO+ on galactic scales. We do this by re-sampling high density gas in a hydrodynamic model of a gas-rich disk galaxy, assuming that the density field of the interstellar medium of the model galaxy follows the probability density function (PDF) inferred from the resolved low density scales. We find that in a narrow gas density PDF, with a mean density of ~10 cm-3 and a dispersion \sigma = 2.1 in the log of the density, most of the emission of molecular lines, emanates from the 10-1000 cm-3 part of the PDF. We construct synthetic emission maps for the central 2 kpc of the galaxy and fit the line ratios of CO and 13CO up to J = 15-14, as well as HCN, HNC, and HCO+ up to J = 7-6, using one photo-dissociation region (PDR) model. We attribute the goodness of the one component fits for our model galaxy to the fact that the distribution of the luminosity, as a function of density, is peaked at gas densities between 10 and 1000 cm-3. We explore the impact of different log-normal density PDFs on the distribution of the line-luminosity as a function of density, and we show that it is necessary to have a broad dispersion, corresponding to Mach numbers >~ 30 in order to obtain significant emission from n > 10^4 cm-3 gas. Such Mach numbers are expected in star-forming galaxies, LIRGS, and ULIRGS. By fitting line ratios of HCN(1-0), HNC(1-0), and HCO+(1-0) for a sample of LIRGS and ULIRGS using mechanically heated PDRs, we constrain the Mach number of these galaxies to 29 < M < 77.
Ecophysiological responses of Opuntia to water stress under various semi-arid environments

In this review, information relating to the ecophysiological response of Opuntia robusta plants in wild populations and cultivated plants of O. ficus–indica under various environments is presented. The succulence of O. ficus–indica allowed plants to maintain photosynthetical activity for five months after rains had come to an end. The highest values of carbon gain were observed in the autumn and at the beginning of winter, coinciding with fresh temperatures and an increase in irradiance. The combined effect of photosynthetic plasticity, the association with mycorrhizal fungi and the avoidance and tolerance mechanisms such as the cessation in the formation of both new cladode and new roots allowed wild plants of O. robusta growing in a rocky environment to maintain carbon gain after being exposed to prolonged drought. The development of daughter cladodes on mother cladodes of O. ficus–indica during the dry spring season, lead to physiological drought which was noticeable not only in the reduction in photosynthesis and chlorophyll content but also in the relative water content. Daughter cladodes caused physiological stress on mother cladodes during the spring dry period even on well–watered plants and their effects were exacerbated by the decrease in irradiance.
Interactions between Similarity and Proximity in Dissimilation: Swedish Case Study

It has been explained that dissimilation and co-occurrence restrictions are usually motivated by the Obligatory Contour Principle (henceforth, OCP). The OCP is traditionally formalized as in (1). According to this definition, only the endpoints of proximity (adjacent) and similarity (identical) scales are considered. This means that the scales are binary: adjacent vs. non-adjacent for proximity, and identical vs. non-identical for similarity. In order to prohibit the correct structures, the two scales must be considered together: target elements are prohibited if and only if they are both adjacent and identical.
Lie Detector: Measure Physiological Values

The lie detector known as Polygraphic Recorder, since it records physiological changes of a subject under test. Various changes in parameters such as respiration rate, blood pressure (B.P) are used to interpret the percentage of lying by the subject. It is possible to analyze and display the possibility of lying by a subject reliably using expert system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physiological responses while the subject is lying. When we lie, our blood pressure goes up, our heart beats faster, we breathe more quickly (and our breathing slows once the lie has been told). This work evaluating, examining, calculating and observing, an examiner can tell from those scribbles whether or not you have spoken the truth.
A Comparative Analysis on Positivism and Critical Realism in Accounting Research

In posing and answering research questions scientifically, the researcher must apply a collection of methodologies and methods systematically which were both guided by research paradigm. Two research paradigms in accounting research were analyzed in the current paper. A comparative analysis, from three perspectives which is ontology, epistemology, and research method, was carried out in order to critically analysis two research paradigms in mainstream accounting research.
Toxicity evaluation of aromatic water of Pinus eldarica Medw. in acute and sub-chronic toxicity experiments

The plants of Pinus genus have been traditionally used in treatment of several diseases and recent studies revealed new pharmacological and biological activities of the genus. Pinus eldarica (Pinaceae) is commonly known as Tehran pine and planted in many parts of Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Aromatic water of P. eldarica needle have been used in arthritis rheumatoid complains in Iranian folk medicine. However, there is no study regarding the composition and safety of the aromatic water administration in human, therefore in the present study components of the aromatic water were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method followed by evaluation of its probable acute and sub-chronic toxicity in Wistar male rats. The aromatic water was administered with dose of 10-22.5 mL/kg in acute and with dose of 10 mL/kg in sub-chronic toxicity assay for a period of 45 days. Thymol (78.8%) and carvacrol (6.2%) were characterized as the main part of the aromatic water constituents. The results indicated no sign of toxicity and lethality after single and repetitive doses of the aromatic water of the plant with the median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 22.5 mL/kg body weight for male rats. All the hematological and biochemical parameters with histological examination of liver, spleen, kidney, and lung were normal compare to normal saline. There was only significant increase in triglyceride level in the period of 23 days. Therefore, oral administration of the aromatic water of P. eldarica may considered as non-toxic at doses of 10-22.5 mL/kg. Thymol and carvacrol could possibly contribute to the beneficial effect of aromatic water of the plant in arthritis rheumatoid complains.