Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Renewed Definition of the Protoaurignacian Hin zu einer erneuerten Definition des Protoaurignacien

The Early Upper Paleolithic marks a turning point in the history of human evolution. Among the technocomplexes that characterize this period, the Aurignacian has received most of the attention because of its direct association with the spread of modern humans into Europe. However, research has often neglected its important synchronic and diachronic variability. Regional studies and accurate reevaluation of pivotal sites are thus fundamental in deconstructing the notion of the Aurignacian. This paper presents the results of an extensive techno-typological analysis of the lithic assemblages and a reevaluation of the organic artifacts from five cultural units at Fumane Cave (Veneto, Italy). Furthermore, retouched bladelets from two Protoaurignacian sites, Isturitz (Basque Country, France) and Les Cottés (Vienne, France), are analyzed and compared to the record from Fumane Cave. The main research goals were to reassess the technological signature of the Protoaurignacian and examine the development of the Aurignacian in northern Italy to test whether the so-called “Aquitaine Model” can be applied across Europe. Results of the empirical study and the inter-site comparison confirm that the Protoaurignacian is an industry dominated by bladelet implements, although lamellar production is based on a broad range of reduction strategies that are not related to the dwindling core dimensions as blade production progressed. Although rather homogeneous from a technological standpoint, the variability of retouched bladelets emphasizes the differences that exist between Protoaurignacian regional groups. The study on the diachronic variability of the Aurignacian at Fumane Cave rejects the recurring practice, well established among Paleolithic archaeologists, to transfer a regional model to geographically distant case studies. At Fumane Cave, the techno-typological features of the Protoaurignacian clearly persist throughout the stratigraphic sequence with some gradual variations that are less marked if compared to other sequences. Thus, both the “Aquitaine Model” and the idea according to which the Protoaurignacian vanished at the onset of the Heinrich Event 4 are invalidated when applied to northern Italy. In conclusion, this paper exemplifies how the re-evaluation of pivotal sites and the definition of regional signatures are able to yield new insights into the beginning and development of the European Upper Paleolithic.
Analysis of User’s Satisfaction on the Street Environment of the General Neighborhood Type of Urban Regeneration New Deal Projects in Daegu

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the user’s evaluation of the street environment for the Urban Regeneration New Deal project, which maintains its original urban context and improves the urban environment, as opposed to the full-demolition projects such as urban redevelopment or reconstruction. A questionary survey was conducted on residents for the general neighborhood type of Urban Regeneration New Deal projects in Daegu. An IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) was conducted to compare the user’s satisfaction with the street environments. The main results are as follows. First, the importance and satisfaction of street environments were different for each project. Second, the cleanliness of sidewalks showed high importance and satisfaction at all projects. Third, residents’ satisfaction with signs and buildings was high, but their importance was low. Last, residents’ satisfaction with parking and the segregation of pedestrian and vehicle was low, but their importance was high. It is necessary to build differentiated plans and programs to meet the needs of residents in the Urban Regeneration New Deal projects. ■ keyword :∣Urban Regeneration∣Street Environment∣IPA Importance-Performance Analysis∣Questionary Survey∣Scatter Plot∣ 접수일자 : 2020년 02월 19일 수정일자 : 2020년 03월 27일 심사완료일 : 2020년 04월 08일 교신저자 : 박승훈, e-mail : parksh1541@kmu.ac. kr 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '20 Vol. 20 No. 4 274
A Crowdsourceable Protocol for Collecting User-Generated Counter-Arguments

Automatic essay scoring (AES) is the task of automatically evaluating a wide-range of criteria of an essay in a pedagogical context. Such criteria includes the organization [10], thesis clarity [11] and author stance [12], to name a few. Several works have also integrated argumentative features [13, 3, 8] as a means of evaluating the overall quality of an essay. Applications such as Grammarly and eRater have received wide attention for their ability to automatically assess the contents of an essay. While several studies exists for evaluating the criteria of an essay, they do not provide useful feedback to the writer which in turn could improve their critical thinking skills. An example of the usefulness of constructive feedback is shown in Figure 1. In response to the prompt P1 (i.e., Are police too willing to use force? ), consider the following argument A1 extracted from a student’s essay: Police are too willing to use force. Police are using excessive force all over the US and its not recorded. In response to this argument, a teacher would provide constructive feedback to the student for improving their argument (e.g., CF 3:“Not all actions of the police are violent”). Afterwards, a student could revise their argument to produce a stronger argument (i.e., R1) and in turn learn about how to produce stronger arguments. Toward improving critical thinking skills for writers, recent works have emphasized the importance of both fallacies and counter-arguments. [4] created a mobile game which allowed users to identify fallacies in arguments. In the pedagogical context, several studies have worked towards identifying common fallacies in student essays [9, 7, 2]. For counter-arguments, [14] created a task for retrieving the best counterargument for a given argument. [6] generated counterarguments by extracting evidence to an argument via Wikipedia. However, with a lack of corpora for modeling constructive feedback, it remains an open issue
IUTAM Symposium on Computational Aero-Acoustics for Aircraft Noise Prediction Time-Domain Computation of Multimode Propagation in an Aero- engine Duct

Accurate computation of multimode propagation in and radiation from a turbofan duct is important for aircraft noise prediction. A formulation of linearised Euler equations (LEE) is proposed for efficient computation. Its solutions are sought in time-domain using high-order computational aeroacoustic (CAA) algorithms. An advantage of the proposed method is that the number of computation is the cut-on mode number at the highest frequency regardless frequency sample interval. Furthermore the computing cost only increases marginally despite a doubling of the governing equations in real space. Tests show that the method could potentially achieve computing cost saving. Examples including a generic bypass engine duct are given to illustrate the reliability and efficiency of the method. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Steinhaus Filtration and Stable Paths in the Mapper

Two central concepts from topological data analysis are persistence and the Mapper construction. Persistence employs a sequence of objects built on data called a filtration. A Mapper produces insightful summaries of data, and has found widespread applications in diverse areas. We define a new filtration called the cover filtration built from a single cover based on a generalized Steinhaus distance, which is a generalization of Jaccard distance. We prove a stability result: the cover filtrations of two covers are $\alpha/m$ interleaved, where $\alpha$ is a bound on bottleneck distance between covers and $m$ is the size of smallest set in either cover. We also show our construction is equivalent to the Cech filtration under certain settings, and the Vietoris-Rips filtration completely determines the cover filtration in all cases. We then develop a theory for stable paths within this filtration. Unlike standard results on stability in topological persistence, our definition of path stability aligns exactly with the above result on stability of cover filtration. We demonstrate how our framework can be employed in a variety of applications where a metric is not obvious but a cover is readily available. First we present a new model for recommendation systems using cover filtration. For an explicit example, stable paths identified on a movies data set represent sequences of movies constituting gentle transitions from one genre to another. As a second application in explainable machine learning, we apply the Mapper for model induction, providing explanations in the form of paths between subpopulations. Stable paths in the Mapper from a supervised machine learning model trained on the FashionMNIST data set provide improved explanations of relationships between subpopulations of images.
Expressions of CD25 and FOXP3 on human CD4~+ T cells before and after challenged by enteric bacterial antigens

AIM: To investigate expressions of CD25 and FOXP3 on human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells before.and after activated by autologous enteric bacterial antigens. METHODS: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated from 15 people. Some lymphocytes were co-cultured for 14 d with monocytes which were previously challenged by bacterial antigens from autologous intestine. The CD4, CD25 and FOXP3 were measured by flow cytometry on the freshly isolated and the co-cultured lymphocytes. RESULTS: Of the freshly isolated lymphocytes, about 43.4% expressed CD4. In the CD4+ T cells, the percentages of CD25+, CD25hi, FOXP3+, CD25+FOXP3+, and CD25hiFOXP3+T cells were 5.8%, 1.9%, 5.2%, 3.3% and 1.6%, respectively. After in vitro challenged by autologous bacterial antigens, the total number of lymphocytes slightly increased (by 21.0%, P0.001 vs unchallenged cells). The percentage of CD4+ T cells elevated significantly (67.1% vs 43.4%, P0.001), while the percentages of CD25+, FOXP3+ and CD25+FOXP3+ T cells did not change significantly. The CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T/CD4+CD25+T or CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ T/CD4+CD25hi T cell ratio decreased (the former from 59.8% to 52.0%; the latter from 86.3% to 77.9%, both P0.05). CONCLUSION: Both CD25 and CD25hi are not the reliable markers of human regulatory T cells, especially when activated in vitro by bacterial antigens. The activation/proliferation of CD4+CD25+FOXP3- T reactive cells predominates that of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+T regulatory cells in response to the challenge of autologous bacterial antigens.
Gene expression and neural differentiation studies of embryonic stem cells

Few scientific discoveries have generated as much interest and controversy as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Their discovery has led to a new age in developmental biology and they hold promise as an unlimited supply of material for cell replacement therapy. To date there are no directed differentiation strategies for primate (monkey or human) ESCs that efficiently produce one specific cell type. Further, only recently have efforts been made to characterize the transcriptional profile and mechanism of pluripotency of these cells. For this reason the current study utilizes a technology defined in the mouse to characterize gene expression patterns during early differentiation and create a differentiation protocol for making neural cells from monkey ES cells. By combining microarray analysis and MEDII media, conditioned media from the growth of HepG2 cells, we have characterized gene expression patterns during early differentiation events in hESCs. Treatment of adherent hESCs with 50% MEDII media for 3 days effected differentiation to a cell type with gene expression similar to primitive streak stage cells of the mouse embryo. MEDII treatment up-regulates Cripto, a gene essential for proper anterior-posterior axis and mesoderm formation in mouse embryos. In addition, several genes previously shown to be important for proper development were down-regulated with MEDII treatment even though the pluripotency markers Oct-4, Nanog, and SSEA-4 were unchanged by the treatment. These include but are not limited to Follistatin, Lefty A, HOXA1, Dapper, and EZH2. Genes down-regulated in this manner are thought to play important roles in pluripotency maintenance of primate ESCs. The current study also utilizes MEDII media to develop an efficient neural differentiation protocol of rhesus monkey ESCs. Embryoid bodies (EBs) formed in the presence of 50% MEDII media exhibited high levels of neural differentiation in comparison to untreated controls. Further, a population of neural progenitors (NPs) was isolated from explants of treated EBs that could be maintained in culture in the undifferentiated state. Mitogen withdrawal led to terminal differentiation into neurons that possessed immunostaining and electrophysiological characteristics of functional neurons. The current study demonstrates MEDII’s utility in studying pluripotency and its ability to enrich differentiation to desired lineages. INDEX WORDS: Embryonic stem cells, neural differentiation, pluripotency, differentiation, microarray, human, primate, mesoderm induction, electrophysiology GENE EXPRESSION AND NEURAL DIFFERENTIATION STUDIES OF EMBRYONIC
Characterising In-111-anti-γH2AX-TAT in targeting the DNA damage signal associated with Wnt activated colorectal cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the UK and has a poor 60% 5-year survival rate. The Wnt signalling pathway is fundamental for homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium and its deregulation drives development of CRC and induces DNA damage. Histone-2AX (H2AX) is a component of the nucleosome whose phosphorylated form, γH2AX, is a marker of DNA damage. Objectives: Using a well-characterised inducible CRC mouse model of early Wnt deregulation, and established Apc-deficient driven tumour and ex vivo organoid models, we have assessed whether the spontaneous DNA damage generated in these models can be targeted using 111In-anti-γH2AX-TAT (RH2AX), a radio-labelled antibody targeting γH2AX. Methods: Deletion of the Apc gene was effected in the intestine of VilCreERApcfl/fl and Lgr5CreERApcfl/fl models by intraperitoneal or oral induction with tamoxifen. γH2AX immunohistochemical (IHC) characterisation of intestines were performed as well as γH2AX whole mount immunofluorescent analysis on organoids derived from them. RH2AX, an anti-γH2AX antibody conjugated to the cell-penetrating peptide TAT to allow cellular internalisation and nuclear localisation, was used in these models as an imaging agent SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted after oral induction of VilCreERApcfl/fl and intravenous injection of RH2AX. γH2AX and Lgr5 FACS analysis were carried out on intestinal crypt cells of VilCreERApcfl/fl mice expressing Lgr5-EGFP reporter. Results: Intestinal Apc deficiency increased DNA damage levels in the small intestine of both dysplastic (VilCreERApcfl/fl) and tumour CRC mouse (Lgr5CreERApcfl/fl) models. Apc-deficiency-associated DNA damage is most likely generated through WNT signalling pathway activation and, more specifically, by c-Myc transcription. For the first time, we demonstrated that intestinal dysplasia can be identified through in vivo SPECT imaging, using low SA RH2AX treatment. Low SA RIC treatment in intestinal dysplasia increased the DNA damage levels in healthy and Apc-deficient small and large intestines, increased proliferation in the Apc-deficient tissue and resulted in variable levels of apoptosis depending on the tissue. Conclusion: These findings together indicate that DNA damage is induced by Apc-deficiency, and that there is the possibility to exploit the endogenously-increased DNA damage signal, γH2AX, to attract the RH2AX for in vivo imaging of intestinal dysplasia. This could help diagnose early stages of CRC to provide patients with the appropriate treatment sooner and increase their survival.
Deep learning-based enhancement of digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry

Digital holographic PTV (DHPTV) can provide time-resolved 3D positional information of micro-scale particles from recorded holograms. Thus, it has been employed to analyze various micro-scale flows. However, numerical image reconstruction and auto-focusing processes are essentially required to extract 3D volumetric information of micro particles. These processes are computationally expensive and time-consuming. In this study, we developed a new method for rapidly obtaining 3D positional information of particles using DHPTV combined with deep learning algorithms. The developed method was applied to investigate micro-scale pipe flow for examining its performance. 3D trajectories of particles were consecutively tracked and 3D velocity field information was obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the adoption of deep learnings on DHPTV makes it possible to analyze micro-scale flow without reconstructing and auto-focusing with dramatically reduced computation time.
Migration speed, routes, and mortality rates of anadromous brown trout Salmo trutta during outward migration through a complex coastal habitat

Little is known about migratory routes and habitat use of anadromous brown trout Salmo trutta at sea. We therefore conducted a 2 yr study (2011−2012) on sea trout in the River Himleån system (a river, an estuary, and a coastal sea environment) in western Sweden. The main objectives were to investigate migration speed, migration routes, and mortality both for adult brown trout returning to the sea (kelts) and smolts (generally 2 yr old trout migrating to the sea for the first time). Brown trout were captured and tagged with hydro-acoustic transmitters, after which they were released and monitored during their initial migration. Migration was primarily nocturnal in the river and estuary, whereas no tendency for nocturnal migration was observed along the coast. Migration speed tended to decrease as individuals progressed from the river through the estuary and along the coast, and we found no differences in absolute migration speed between kelts and smolts. Smolts and kelts showed similar mortality. Mortality during the initial part of the migration ranged between 5 and 51% and was significantly higher in 2011, for both smolts and kelts. Our study is the first to compare migratory patterns and mortality rates between sea trout kelts and smolts during the transition from freshwater into an open coastal system.
Drożdże jako model w badaniach chorób neurodegeneracyjnych* Yeast as a model for studying neurodegeneration

Drożdże piekarnicze Saccharomyces cerevisiae są najlepiej poznanymi na poziomie genetyki i fizjologii komórki organizmami eukariotycznymi. Konserwatyzm molekularnych mechanizmów komórkowych między drożdżami a człowiekiem pozwala na użycie komórek S. cerevisiae jako modelu do badań mechanizmów doprowadzających do różnych chorób człowieka. Obecnie drożdże, choć pozbawione układu nerwowego, z powodzeniem używane są do badań schorzeń neurodegeneracyjnych, takich jak choroba Alzheimera, choroba Parkinsona czy choroba Huntingtona. Szeroki warsztat metod biologii molekularnej umożliwia zarówno badanie homologów ludzkich genów w komórkach drożdży, jak i heterologiczną ekspresję ludzkich białek. Przyczyny patologicznych zmian w ukształtowaniu białka, mutacje powodujące zmianę funkcji lub tworzenie toksycznych agregatów – wszystkie te aspekty mogą i z powodzeniem są badane z użyciem modelu drożdżowego. W pracy przedstawiono obecny stan wykorzystania modelu drożdżowego w badaniach nad wyjaśnieniem mechanizmów doprowadzających do schorzeń neurodegeneracyjnych.
Prediction of Customer Status in Corporate Banking Using Neural Networks

This paper presents a computer system that is based on the application of artificial neural networks and support vector machine and used to predict the future status of corporate banking clients. Three different states of clients are predicted: active (i.e., fully involved in business with a non-zero balance in their account), non-active (i.e., the balance in their account is very low and they own no forms of investments) and churning (closed bank account). The main task is to predict the likelihood of the corporate banking client departing, based on their previous banking activity. The most important element in such a prediction system is the development of the diagnostic features, which will serve as the input attributes to the classifier and are responsible for final recognition of the status of the customer. We propose a set of input attributes based on the financial activity of the client in the last 6 months prior to the prediction point. Two different classifiers will be checked and compared: a multilayer perceptron and a support vector machine. The results of their application have shown very good system operation quality.
Spatial groupwise heteroskedasticity and the SCAN approach

We evaluate the usefulness of the Scan approach in order to test for the presence of spatial groupwise heteroskedasticity in cross-sectional data. This approach has been used in different fields before, including spatial econometric models, but to detect instability in the mean values. In this paper, we extend its use to second order moments, searching for spatial clusters in the variance. Using large Monte Carlo simulations, we check the reliability of the Scan procedure to detect instabilities in the variance, the size and power of the test and its accuracy to find spatial clusters of observations with similar variances. JEL classification: C21, C52, C63, R15
Socio-economic Role on Spouse‟s Dominance of Purchase Decision of Household Goods in Nigeria

This study investigated the influence of spouses‟ socio-economic characteristics – age, years of marriage, number of children, education, occupation, income, and tradition on their dominance in family purchase decision of household products including children schooling, sitting room sofa, Television, refrigerator, family/motor-cycle and land property in Igbo households of Anambra State of Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design that used a 7-points scale questionnaire was administered to 400 Igbo husbands and wives. The data was analyzed in frequency tables, percentages, mean, and t-tests (at 5% significance level) statistics. The results showed that age and income have significant effect in information search and final decision stages of family purchase decision-making process but no significant effect in need identification stage; occupation has significant effect on all three stages; tradition does not have significant effect in the three decision-making stages and; while education only has significant effect at need identification but no significant effect at information search and final decision stages. The study therefore concludes that spouses‟ dominance in household purchase decision-making in Anambra State is a cosmopolite husband dominant society where occupation, personal income and age of the spouses largely influence the family purchase decision-making.
The Level of Metacognitive Thinking Among Students with Learning Disabilities

The present study aims at identifying the level of metacognitive thinking among a group of students with learning disabilities (LDs) in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. The present study has taken into account certain variables when investigating this issue such as age, grade, and type of learning difficulties. The sample of this study consisted of 350 students with learning disabilities from schools belong to the Department of Education in Asir Area, Saudi Arabia. To achieve the goal of the study, a scale prepared by the authors was used to measure the level of metacognitive thinking among the students. The results of the study showed that the students had a low level of metacognitive knowledge. The results have also showed no statistically significant differences in the level of metacognitive thinking attributed to age, gender, and the type of learning disability. Based on the results obtained in the present study, some suggestions and recommendations have been provided for further research on this field.