Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fast Events Relationship Extraction Method Based on Semi-CRFs

Event relationship extraction is a new research domain which has attracted more and more attentions. It is because that the relationships among different events can provide a lot of important information on special fields such as national defense, crime-solving or Anti-Terrorism. But there are innumerous event description web pages on the internet and the relationship among them is perplexing, so obviously it is impossible to extract them manually. In order to extract the relationship automatically, recognizing the key elements of the event is an indispensable preprocessing phase. At this step, semi-CRFs is a good Name Entity Recognition model, but it is too slow to fit the requirements of large scale processing. This paper has accelerated the semi-CRFs inference algorithm and presents a fast events elements extraction method. Based on it, the events relationship map is also extracted automatically. All event elements such as the agents, location, time or related organization are used as slots to connect different events so as to provide more plentiful information for the supervisor.
Advances and Innovations in Computer-Assisted Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery

Abstract Over the past years, computer-assisted surgery has gained more importance in craniomaxillofacial surgery, especially in primary and secondary treatment of head and neck malignancies. The basis for oncologic treatment of the head and neck region requires detailed planning using computed tomography, cone-beam computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging in combination with computer-assisted, infrared-based navigation system. These techniques allow a preplanned image-guided path to the tumor region for taking biopsies, resection, or reconstruction. The aim of this work was to show the advances and technical benefits for tumor surgery in a daily clinical routine from the view of the craniomaxillofacial surgeon. The target of our working group was to develop and clinically evaluate a novel three-dimensional planning and navigation software solution for treatment of craniofacial tumors. This work was carried out on 5 categories for oncologic surgical procedures in which computer-assisted surgery was applied from 2005 to 2011: preplanned trajectorial-guided tumor biopsy, intraoperative image–controlled tumor resection, tumor mapping, reconstruction after tumor surgery (true to original), and oral rehabilitation (backward planning). Successful preoperative planning, import of image data suitable for navigation, and intraoperative precise infrared-based navigation were obtained for all 5 categories without any complications. Image-guided navigation technique for head and neck oncologic surgery provides a precise, safe surgical method with real-time excellent anatomic orientation. Regarding the advantages of computer-assisted surgery, this technique will play a major part in craniofacial reconstructive surgery and will address widespread general methodologic solutions that are of great interest in multidisciplinary oncologic treatment.
The metabolic world of Escherichia coli is not small.

To elucidate the organizational and evolutionary principles of the metabolism of living organisms, recent studies have addressed the graph-theoretic analysis of large biochemical networks responsible for the synthesis and degradation of cellular building blocks [Jeong, H. , Tombor, B. , Albert, R. , Oltvai, Z. N. & Barabási, A. L. (2000) Nature 407, 651-654; Wagner, A. & Fell, D. A. (2001) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 268, 1803-1810; and Ma, H. -W. & Zeng, A. -P. (2003) Bioinformatics 19, 270-277]. In such studies, the global properties of the network are computed by considering enzymatic reactions as links between metabolites. However, the pathways computed in this manner do not conserve their structural moieties and therefore do not correspond to biochemical pathways on the traditional metabolic map. In this work, we reassessed earlier results by digitizing carbon atomic traces in metabolic reactions annotated for Escherichia coli. Our analysis revealed that the average path length of its metabolism is much longer than previously thought and that the metabolic world of this organism is not small in terms of biosynthesis and degradation.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF THE REMOVAL OF DIURON AND LINURON HERBICIDES FROM WATER USING THREE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES

Nowadays, every chemical treatment must be developed taking into account its global impact on the environment. With this objective a life cycle assessment (LCA) has been used as a tool for the assessment of the environmental impact of three environmentally friendly processes for the removal of Diuron and Linuron herbicides from water: artificial light assisted photo-Fenton, photo-Fenton coupled to biological treatment and solar assisted photo-Fenton. The inventoried data has been classified considering the potential environmental impacts categories included in the CML 2 baseline 2000 method. Among the three scenarios considered, photo-Fenton coupled to biological treatment proved to have the lowest environmental impact in all the studied categories due to the lower hydrogen peroxide and electricity consumptions. The environmental impacts associated with hydrogen peroxide and electricity production imply more than 72% in all the impact categories of the three scenarios, except for aquatic eutrophication potential category, where the main impacts are related to nitrogen emissions.
Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Arak city, central province of Iran

Background and Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide concern and it is the major cause of liver disease. Several genotypes of the HCV have been reported from different regions of the world. The determination of the HCV genotypes is important for the prediction of response to antiviral treatment and clinical outcomes. So, HCV genotyping in each region is of great importance. This investigation was performed to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes in Arak city, Central province of Iran. Patients & Methods: In this cross sectional study, 174 cases with chronic HCV infection from Arak city were enrolled. HCV infection was confirmed by positive results in HCV antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA tests. HCV genotypes were determined using a PCR based genotyping kit. Results: A total of 174 HCV infected patients with mean age of 37.5±10.24 years were enrolled. 97.7% of cases were male and 2.3% were female. The main route of HCV transmission was injection drug use (IDU) which was observed in 59.8% of cases. Genotyping results demonstrated that subtype 3a (52.9%) was the most prevalent HCV type in Arak, followed by subtype 1a (22.9%) and subtype 1ab (17.8%). Conclusion: This study showed that HCV subtype 3a was the most prevalent HCV type, followed by subtype 1a and subtype 1ab in Arak, central province of Iran. Investigation of HCV genotypes in different parts of the country is needed to facilitate treatment options and preventive strategies.
Tissue blood flow distribution and the effect of chronic vascular catheterization in the hind limb of the fetal lamb.

In six chronically instrumented fetal lambs, hind-limb skin, bone, and muscle comprised 22.5 +/- 1.3, 35.3 +/- 1.6, and 42.3 +/- 1.1% of total limb weight, respectively. As estimated using radionuclide-labeled microspheres, blood flow to these tissues averaged 30.4 +/- 4.9, 30.1 +/- 3.3, and 14.0 +/- 3.1 mL.min-1.100 g-1, respectively, and they received 29.5 +/- 3.3, 45.3 +/- 3.6, and 25.2 +/- 4.5% of total limb blood flow. Thus, muscle has a lower blood flow in relation to its weight in comparison with the other tissues, while bone receives the largest fraction of hind-limb blood flow. The higher perfusion rate to bone may by due to a high rate of hematopoiesis in late gestation, whereas muscle flow may be lower than that reported immediately after birth because of limited limb movement and lack of shivering thermogenesis. There were no significant differences in tissue weights between the limb in which femoral arterial and lateral tarsal venous catheters were implanted (nonstudy limb) and the leg that had smaller diameter catheters placed in the pudendoepigastric artery and vein (study limb). However, nonstudy limb blood flow was 13.4 +/- 1.8% less than in the study limb, although the flow distribution to hind-limb tissues was not different between the two limbs. This suggests that the longer, larger diameter catheters inserted into the nonstudy limb had an adverse effect on hind-limb blood flow but not on overall limb growth or blood flow distribution. More attention should be paid to the effects of chronic fetal vascular catheterization on the tissues or organs normally perfused by the catheterized vessel.
Tracking progress on the economic costs of disasters under the indicators of the sustainable development goals

ABSTRACT The Sustainable Development Goals indicator framework identifies as an indicator of progress the objective of reducing disaster losses as a proportion of global gross domestic product. This short analysis presents data on this indicator from 1990. In constant 2017 US dollars, both weather-related and non-weather related catastrophe losses have increased, with a 74% increase in the former and 182% increase in the latter since 1990. However, since 1990 both overall and weather/climate losses have decreased as proportion of global GDP, indicating progress with respect to the SDG indicator. Extending this trend into the future will require vigilance to exposure, vulnerability and resilience in the face of uncertainty about the future frequency and magnitude of extreme events.
How Elementary is Diversification? A Study of Children's Portfolio Choice

Diversification is a fundamental concept in economics, decision theory, and finance, but the way in which it is implemented in the real world varies greatly. This paper asks how elementary the notion of diversification is by studying whether children apply it as a choice heuristic. We report on results of an experiment that tests whether children diversify in a sequence of hypothetical choice questions and dice-rolling games. Overall, we find that children do exhibit preferences for diversification, both for the sake of variety across consumption goods and for the purpose of mitigating risk when faced with a choice across risky gambles. The naive diversification heuristic, which implies an equal allocation across alternatives, is particularly evident in children's choices when the alternatives are equivalent or unknown. We also investigate the relationship between risk aversion and diversification and find no significant connection between the two. Our results indicate that diversification preferences may have fundamental, developmental roots, which contrasts with the traditional normative view of diversification, in which most economic models take diversification preferences as exogenously given. This may have implications for how one can treat investment anomalies in practice and, in particular, promotes financial literacy training from a young age.
Robust and efficient walking with spring-like legs

The development of bipedal walking robots is inspired by human walking. A way of implementing walking could be performed by mimicking human leg dynamics. A fundamental model, representing human leg dynamics during walking and running, is the bipedal spring-mass model which is the basis for this paper. The aim of this study is the identification of leg parameters leading to a compromise between robustness and energy efficiency in walking. It is found that, compared to asymmetric walking, symmetric walking with flatter angles of attack reveals such a compromise. With increasing leg stiffness, energy efficiency increases continuously. However, robustness is the maximum at moderate leg stiffness and decreases slightly with increasing stiffness. Hence, an adjustable leg compliance would be preferred, which is adaptable to the environment. If the ground is even, a high leg stiffness leads to energy efficient walking. However, if external perturbations are expected, e.g. when the robot walks on uneven terrain, the leg should be softer and the angle of attack flatter. In the case of underactuated robots with constant physical springs, the leg stiffness should be larger than in order to use the most robust gait. Soft legs, however, lack in both robustness and efficiency.
Teleoperated parallel climbing robots in nuclear installations

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present new robotic structures that can be suitable for inspection, maintenance and dismantling tasks in nuclear facilities.Design/methodology/approach – In the first part, two types of parallel robots capable to climb through structures are presented. The kinematics of the proposed platforms is reviewed, with emphasis on the analysis of the singularities. Next section shows the control architecture and the hardware setup of the developed system. Finally, the prototypes developed are showed and some conclusions are obtained.Findings – The slave robot is a parallel structure with the ability to climb over structures and with a very high load capacity. The master device is a parallel device with special characteristics that makes easier the teleoperation of the parallel slave robot.Originality/value – The paper presents a teleoperation system based on parallel platform with 6 degrees of freedom to overcome the classical difficulties of teleoperation in nuclear facilities.
Pet food and feed applications of inulin, oligofructose and other oligosaccharides

Prebiotics may be considered as functional food ingredients. They are attracting considerable interest from pet owners, pet food manufacturers, livestock producers and feed manufacturers. The most common forms of prebiotics are nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO), including inulin, oligofructose mannanoligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides. These NDO are nondigestible by enzymes present in the mammalian small intestine, but are fermented by bacteria present in the hindgut of nonruminants. Inulin and oligofructose are present in measurable quantities in feed ingredients like wheat, wheat by-products, barley, and peanut hulls. Consumption of prebiotic oligosaccharides elicits several purported health benefits. In companion animals, prebiotics have been shown to improve gut microbial ecology and enhance stool quality. In production livestock and poultry, prebiotics are employed to control pathogenic bacteria, reduce faecal odour, and enhance growth performance. Research to date indicates positive effects of prebiotics on health status and performance of companion animals, livestock, and poultry.
Genome Sequences of Five Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolates Associated with a 2011 Multistate Outbreak in the United States

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg has caused numerous outbreaks in humans. Here, we report draft genomes of five isolates of serovar Heidelberg associated with the recent (2011) multistate outbreak linked to ground turkey in the United States. Isolates 2011K-1110 and 2011K-1132 were recovered from humans, while isolates 2011K-1138, 2011K-1224, and 2011K-1225 were recovered from ground turkey. Whole-genome sequence analysis of these isolates provides a tool for studying the short-term evolution of these epidemic clones.
ICT-based system for Malaysian residential maintenance projects – literature review

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the different system approach that is equipped with decision making processes. Presently, most maintenance organisations are still implementing conventional methods rather than fully integrated information and communication technology (ICT) to manage the information database on maintenance of residential building. The significant factor to select an ICT is much more advantageous than just a way to improve interfirm communication and cooperation on maintenance management processes and be able to perform the task needed without stressing the budget. ICT could be a pillar of fundamental importance for the implementation of an effective and efficient maintenance management on residential building and facility.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a review of recent publications on the topic regarding residential maintenance systems, which also takes into consideration the heritage structures, due to their same maintenance requirements and processes.FindingsThe findings reveal the need for ICT tools and techniques specific to the needs of reducing poor service delivery, inadequate financial support, poor maintenance plan and maintenance backlogs.Originality/valueThe paper concludes with a comprehensive research framework of ICT-based system as the basis for further progress in the development of the residential maintenance schemes of system.
Perioperative inflammatory response and protein S‐100β concentrations – relationship with post‐operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients

One major concern in about one third of elder patients after total hip‐replacement surgery is post‐operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Previous studies have suggested that cognitive impairment is accompanied with changes in serum S‐100β protein (S‐100β) and inflammatory markers. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the value of serum S‐100β and interleukin(IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in reflecting POCD after total hip‐replacement surgery.
Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change

During the next 50 years, which is likely to be the final period of rapid agricultural expansion, demand for food by a wealthier and 50% larger global population will be a major driver of global environmental change. Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 109 hectares of natural ecosystems would be converted to agriculture by 2050. This would be accompanied by 2.4- to 2.7-fold increases in nitrogen- and phosphorus-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems, and comparable increases in pesticide use. This eutrophication and habitat destruction would cause unprecedented ecosystem simplification, loss of ecosystem services, and species extinctions. Significant scientific advances and regulatory, technological, and policy changes are needed to control the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion.
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Copy Number Variation in Glioblastoma

Copy-number variation (CNV) constitutes a large proportion of total genomic variation and is increasingly recognized to be an extremely important risk factor for cancer. To examine the role of CNVs in glioblastoma, a genome-wide association study of CNVs in glioblastoma was conducted by assaying 221 tumor tissues and 28 normal tissues samples from primary glioblastoma multiform patients in TCGA project. CNVs were measured by the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 with 906,600 SNPs and more than 946,000 probes for the detection of copy number variation. CNVs were called by the modified Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and 163024 CNV loci were detected. A total of 197 CNV loci with P-value<3.06*10-7 showed significant association with glioblastoma. We also did group association tests of CNV with glioblastoma by gene and pathway. We identified 169 genes with P-values <4.77*10-6, including oncogene, tumor suppressor genes, transcription factor and transcription activator genes, which were significantly associated with glioblastoma. We also identified 15 significantly associated pathways with glioblastoma with FDR P-values<0.05. These significant pathways include Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Calcium signaling pathway, Axon guidance&#65292; Colorectal cancer&#65292; Tight junction&#65292;Regulation of eIF2 pathway and Glioma. Our results provide important clues for investigation of the mechanisms and drug targets of glioblastoma.
Money Supply, Inflation and Exchange Rate Movement: The Case of Cambodia by Bayesian VAR Approach

This research paper aims to investigate the relationship among money supply, inflation and exchange rate in Cambodia by using Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (B-VAR) approach. This study employs the monthly data in the period of October-2009 and April-2018. This research paper applies the Money-in-Utility Function (MIU) that describes the relationship between money growth and price level. Moreover, this paper also employs the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) which shows the relationship between exchange rate and inflation. The empirical results reveal that money supply in Cambodia, depends on its previous variable. Moreover, money supply also induces the depreciation of exchange rate of Khmer Riel against US Dollar and leads to increase in inflation. Money supply induces 8% of shock to exchange rate and 0.13% to inflation based on variance decomposition while exchange rate can cause 0.024% to inflation in Cambodia. The relative low shocks from money supply to inflation and exchange rate results in supplying money with cautious manner from National Bank of Cambodia. The empirical results are found to be consistent with the theories and some empirical studied of this related fields.
Subcortical projections of area 25 (subgenual cortex) of the macaque monkey

In several species, including primates, stimulation studies indicate that the infralimbic cortex, the most caudal part of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, functions as a visceral motor region. In addition, recent positron emission tomography studies implicate the subgenual region in depression and mania. To determine the subcortical projections of this region in primates, injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin, biotinylated dextran amine, or rhodamine‐labeled dextran amine were placed in area 25 in three monkeys. In contrast to the efferents from area 25 previously described in the rat, there were no projections to autonomic effector regions, such as the nucleus of the solitary tract, magnocellular neurosecretory cell groups in the hypothalamus, ventrolateral medulla, or intermediolateral column of the spinal cord. However, projections were shown to a number of structures with probable roles in autonomic function and direct connections to some of the abovementioned autonomic effector regions, including bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, perifornical and anterior hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. In addition, there were projections to several forebrain structures that receive projections from other components of the medial prefrontal network including the medial part of the caudate nucleus, lateral septum, midline and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, the lateral parvocellular part of the basal accessory amygdaloid nucleus, and the magnocellular part of the basal amygdaloid. None of the injections resulted in labeling in the medulla. These connections support the idea of a role for cortical area 25 in emotional and autonomic responses, albeit less direct than that described in rodents. J. Comp. Neurol. 421:172–188, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body ownership and a new proprioceptive role for muscle spindles

Knowledge of which body parts belong to us is referred to as the sense of body ownership. There is increasing evidence that this important aspect of human proprioception is highly malleable. Research into ownership of individual body parts was stimulated by Botvinick and Cohen's rubber‐hand illusion (Nature 391,1998, 756), which demonstrated that an artificial body part can be incorporated in one's body representation and can cause real body parts to be sensed erroneously. Here, we review key studies that have advanced our understanding of the sense of body ownership, including the important role played by multisensory integration and spatiotemporal congruence of sensory signals. We also discuss our recent discovery that body ownership can be induced in response to movement stimuli by signals from a single class of sensory receptor, namely muscle spindles.