Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food Habits of Mothers and Children in Two Regions of Oman

Several rapid assessment surveys were carried out during the period 1988–1991 to determine the food habit of preschool children, adolescent girls and mothers in Muscat (the capital) and southern region in Oman. Data were collected from health centers, hospitals and households. There have been differences in dietary habits between the people in the two regions. These differences were more evident in breastfeeding practices, meal patterns of adolescent girls and food frequency intake of mothers. Geographical location, occupation of inhabitants, cultural and ethnic factors may be responsible for the variation in dietary habits between the two regions. Several unsound food practices during pregnancy and puerperium were reported in both regions. In general, dietary patterns of mothers and children have changed dramatically during the past two decades. Duration of breastfeeding has declined and infant formula as well as commercial weaning foods were introduced at an early time of infants' lives. The trend of consumption of food for infants, adolescent girls and mothers is in the direction of unhealthier eating habits, as foods rich in fat, cholesterol, refined sugar and salt are commonly consumed. This food pattern may contribute to diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and dental caries. A nutrition education programme to promote a healthy diet and to correct unsound food beliefs and habits is urgently needed.
A novel feeding network with composite right/left-handed transmission line for 2-dimension millimeter wave patch arrays

A feeding network with composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) for 2-dimension millimeter wave microstrip patch arrays is proposed. Because of the simpler structure and the shorter length of the CRLH-TL feeding network, the antenna array is of higher gain than that with the parallel feed network. Besides, the radiation pattern shift resulting from the traditional parallel-series feeding network is removed since no inserting phases shift are introduced in the patch elements using the feeding structure.
Optimal source localization and tracking using arrays with uncertainties in sensor locations

Abstract : We develop a computationally efficient iterative algorithm for source localization and tracking using active/passive arrays with uncertainties in sensor locations. We suppose that the available data consist of time delay, or differential time delay, measurements of the signal wavefront across the array. We consider a general scenario in which the array uncertainties may be correlated in time and in space. The proposed algorithm is optimal in the sense that it converges monotonically to the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimate of the source trajectory parameters. In the case of multiple sources, the algorithm makes an essential use of the information available from all sources to reduce the array uncertainties (the so-called array calibration) and thus to improve the localization accuracy of each signal source. We also derive new expressions for the log-likelihood gradient, the Hessian, and the Fisher's information matrix, that may be used for efficient implementation of gradient based algorithms, and for assessing the mean square error of the resulting ML parameter estimates.
The effects of ring radius on characteristics of ring modulator

Analysis of ring modulator helps to gain a better perception of modulator operation. There are extracted equations for transmission and modulation depth. These equations are based on loss, index and coupling modulation. Since the size of optoelectronic circuits is concern in nowadays industry, by using these extracted equations the effects of changes in ring radius on bandwidth is studied. In this study, loss, index and coupling modulation considered separately. When the ring radius changes 73 percent, the bandwidth changes 8GHz in loss modulation and 55GHz in index modulation. For coupling modulation the bandwidth is limited by FSR, where with increase the ring radius FSR decrease. Furthermore, the dependency of loss, index and coupling modulations bandwidth to quality factor parameter is investigated.
分頻式調變頻譜分解於強健性語音辨識 (Sub-band modulation spectrum factorization in robust speech recognition) [In Chinese]

This paper proposes a novel scheme that enhance the modulation spectrum of speech features in noise speech recognition via non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In the presented approach, we apply NMF to obtain a set of non-negative basis spectra vectors which derived from the clean speech to represent the important components for speech recognition. The difference compared to the conventional NMF-based scheme that leverages iterative search to update the full-band modulation spectra is two: first, we apply the orthogonal projection to update the low sub-band modulation spectra. Second, we process the low half-band of the
A fine morphological study of germ cells in asymmetrically developing right and left ovaries of the chick

Germ cells of the chick ovary which develop asymmetrically on the right and left sides of the embryo were observed by electron microscopy from 7 to 17 days of incubation. Germ cells showed different patterns in the right and left‐ovaries, and also differences in the cortex and in the medulla. At 7 to 9 days, germ cells were individually present in both the right and left ovaries. They proliferated from 10 days onward and formed many cell aggregates. In each aggregate, germ cells were joined by intercellular bridges, and their cell cycles were synchronized. Although meiotic features of the germ cells were frequently found in the cortex of the left ovaries at 16 days, some germ cells exhibited these features at earlier days. In the meiotic germ cells, the “Balbiani body,” which was composed of a concentration of cell organelles shifted to one pole of the cell, was always seen. The apperance of a meiotic nucleus and Balbiani body was characteristic of germ cells located in the left ovarian cortex, whereas those were never seen in the left medulla and in the right ovary. At 16 and 17 days, some germ cells were released into the lacunae of the medulla of both the right and left ovaries. The meaning of this phenomenon is discussed. Degenerating germ cells were frequently observed in the right ovary, but rarely in the left.
System for precision ac-dc difference measurements based on a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard

A system designed for precision measurement of ac-dc difference of thermal voltage converters in terms of a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard is under development at the National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA), in collaboration with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. The agreement between the new system and the calculable thermal converters is presently better than 0.5 µV/V, at frequencies up to 40 Hz and voltages up to 0.75 V.
Access to Health Care for Undocumented Migrants from a Human Rights Perspective: A Comparative Study of Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands

BACKGROUND Undocumented migrants' access to health care varies across Europe, and entitlements on national levels are often at odds with the rights stated in international human rights law. The aim of this study is to address undocumented migrants' access to health care in Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands from a human rights perspective. METHODS Based on desk research in October 2011, we identified national laws, policies, peer-reviewed studies, and grey literature concerning undocumented migrants' access to health care in the three involved countries. Through treaties and related explanatory documents from the United Nations and the Council of Europe, we identified relevant international laws concerning the right to health and the rights of different groups of undocumented migrants. A synopsis of these laws is included in the analysis of the three countries. RESULTS Undocumented migrants in Denmark have the right to emergency care, while additional care is restricted and may be subject to payment. Undocumented migrants in Sweden have the right to emergency care only. There is an exception made for former asylum-seeking children, who have the same rights as Swedish citizens. In the Netherlands, undocumented migrants have greater entitlements and have access to primary, secondary and tertiary care, although shortcomings remain. All three countries have ratified international human rights treaties that include right of access to health care services. We identified international treaties from the United Nations and the Council of Europe that recognize a right to health for undocumented migrants and embrace governmental obligations to ensure the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of health services, in particular for specific groups such as women and children. CONCLUSION In the Netherlands, undocumented migrants' right to health care is largely acknowledged, while in Denmark and Sweden, there are more restrictions on access. This reveals major discrepancies in relation to international human rights law.
Cardiovascular Function in Patients with Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: This study used noninvasive methods to assess disturbance in cardiovascular function in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Cardiovascular function and the autonomic nervous system of 38 IDDM patients were assessed, and the presence or absence of left ventricular dysfunction was determined. Fifty‐six percent of the patients were found to have autonomic neuropathy. Twelve percent had left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; none had left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Heart disease in IDDM patients was found to constitute a separate entity, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. All IDDM patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction had evidence of autonomic neuropathy. However, there was no correlation with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Also, there was no correlation between left ventricular dysfunction and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
Long‐term serological evaluation of patients with cystic echinococcosis treated with benzimidazole carbamates

Seeking better immunological markers indicating the long‐term outcome of cystic echinococcosis (CE) after chemotherapy we studied 23 patients receiving albendazole, clinically followed for 8 years, and grouped ultrasonographically according to therapeutic outcome. Antibody responses against a partially purified fraction of hydatid fluid (HFF) and antigen B (AgB) were evaluated by indirect haemagglutination (IHA), ELISA and immunoblotting (IB). Although IHA titres varied over the course of treatment, differences in mean antibody titres to HFF between groups were significant only at 4 years (P = 0·031). IgG isotype expression remained unchanged during follow‐up whereas IgE expression decreased in patients with cured or stable disease. AgB disclosed higher IgG4 expression (P < 10–4; P = 0·025) and lower IgG1 expression than HFF (P < 10–4; P = 0·022). IHA antibody titres were higher in patients with progressive than in those with cured or stable disease, even in those with the same cyst type. ELISA isotype profiles differed between groups, particularly for type CE 3, 4 and 5 cysts: higher serum IgG1 and IgG3, lower IgG4 and IgE in patients with cured or stable disease. Although combined serological testing provides scarce information on the long‐term outcome of CE after chemotherapy it may be useful for reviewing in a retrospective study the outcome of a cyst and for assessing the host‐parasite relationship.
In Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Should We Opt for AV Optimization?

In 1990, Hochleitner reported improvement in cardiac function in 16 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with dual-chamber pacemakers programmed with atrioventricular (AV) delays of 100 msec.1 This observation initiated a number of small, single-site studies that evaluated the use of dual-chamber pacemakers in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.2-5 Particular attention was paid to the relationship of different paced AV delays on cardiac function. In general, changes in the AV delay did not significantly alter mean cardiac output values assessed by invasive hemodynamic monitoring or by Doppler echo studies. Selected patients appeared to improve substantially, although the interpretation of results of a subset of patients from these already small studies could result in erroneous conclusions. For example, one study reported that patients with prolongation of the PR interval had a 38% increase in cardiac output with optimal AV delay programming,2 a finding not substantiated in another trial.3 The evidence that dual-chamber pacing improved left ventricular function, even with optimally programmed AV delays, was not compelling. It is perhaps because of this background that the determination of an optimal AV delay in cardiac resynchronization therapy has been met with such mixed results in the pacemaker community. Some physicians rarely perform “AV optimization. ” Others favor a strategy of programming relatively short AV delays (<140 msec) to ensure a high rate of biventricular pacing. If clinical improvement is less than expected, optimization of the paced AV delay is performed. Still other physicians perform echo studies after resynchronization therapy on a more routine basis and have noted that 40% of patients undergoing optimal AV delay assessment have final programmed AV intervals of >140 msec suggesting that “out-of-the-box” settings are undesirable for a large number of patients.6 In the only randomized prospective trial in this area, patients receiving a biventricular device were randomized to either an echo-optimized AV delay or an empiric AV delay of 120 msec. Those who had optimized AV delays had modest improvement in quality of life scores, New York Heart Association class, and left ventricular ejection fractions after three months of follow-up.7 The optimal AV delay varied widely from patient to patient. However, the mean paced AV delay in the echo-optimized group was 119 msec, practically identical to the comparator group with an AV delay
A global, incremental development method for a web-based prostate cancer treatment decision aid and usability testing in a Dutch clinical setting

Many new decision aids are developed while aspects of existing decision aids could also be useful, leading to a sub-optimal use of resources. To support treatment decision-making in prostate cancer patients, a pre-existing evidence-based Canadian decision aid was adjusted to Dutch clinical setting. After analyses of the original decision aid and routines in Dutch prostate cancer care, adjustments to the decision aid structure and content were made. Subsequent usability testing (N = 11) resulted in 212 comments. Care providers mainly provided feedback on medical content, and patients commented most on usability and summary layout. All participants reported that the decision aid was comprehensible and well-structured and would recommend decision aid use. After usability testing, final adjustments to the decision aid were made. The presented methods could be useful for cultural adaptation of pre-existing tools into other languages and settings, ensuring optimal usage of previous scientific and practical efforts and allowing for a global, incremental decision aid development process.
Interferometric Observations of an Artificial Satellite

Very-long-baseline interferometric observations of radio signals from the TACSAT synchronous satellite, even though extending over only 7 hours, have enabled an excellent orbit to be deduced. Precision in differenced delay and delay-rate measurements reached 0.15 nanosecond (∼ 5 centimeters in equivalent differenced distance) and 0.05 picosecond per second (∼ 0.002 centimeter per second in equivalent differenced velocity), respectively. The results from this initial three-station experiment demonstrate the feasibility of using the method for accurate satellite tracking and for geodesy. Comparisons are made with other techniques.
A Broadband Unidirectional Antenna Based on Closely Spaced Loading Method

In order to achieve broadband and unidirectional radiation, a planar printed antenna based on closely spaced loading method is proposed and fabricated. This antenna consists of a printed rectangular loop with two gaps and a metallic strip. The rectangular loop has a good direction but has a drawback of narrow band. According to the closely spaced loading theory, the impedance at the upper frequency will decrease when a metallic strip is placed at the maximum radiation direction of the rectangular loop. This improves the impedance matching. A new resonant frequency point is induced. Meanwhile, the resonant frequency point can be changed by modifying the length of the metallic strip. The impedance matching between the two resonant peaks (One peak is determined by the rectangular loop, the other is determined by the metallic strip) is improved by changing the length and the position of the metallic strip. Thus the impedance bandwidth is greatly expanded. Experimental results show good performance of the proposed antenna. It has a 40.7% measured bandwidth, ranging from 2.29 to 3.46 GHz. The measured front-to-back (F/B) ratio of the proposed antenna is larger than 10 dB in the whole frequency band.
Proposed use of adrenaline (epinephrine) in anaphylaxis and related conditions: a study of senior house officers starting accident and emergency posts

Senior house officers (SHOs) (n=78) at the start of their accident and emergency (A&E) post were given an anonymous five case history questionnaire, containing one case of true anaphylaxis, and asked to complete the medication they would prescribe. In the case of anaphylaxis, 100% would administer adrenaline (epinephrine) but 55% would do so by the incorrect route. In the remaining cases, 10%–56% would be prepared to administer adrenaline inappropriately. Only 5% were able to indicate the correct route and dose of adrenaline according to Resuscitation Council guidelines (UK). This has implications for training as the survey took place before the start of the A&E posting. Anaphylaxis is over-diagnosed and poorly treated despite Resuscitation Council guidelines.
Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Inhibits Axonal Regeneration from a Variety of Neurons via Interaction with a Sialoglycoprotein

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration from both cerebellar neurons and adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In contrast, MAG promotes axonal growth from newborn DRG neurons. Here, we show that the switch in response to MAG from promotion to inhibition of neurite outgrowth by DRg neurons occurs sharply at Postnatal Day 3. To date, of all the neurons tested a postnatal switch in response is only observed for DRG neurons; MAG inhibits axonal growth from retinal, superior cervical ganglion, spinal, and hippocampal neurons of all postnatal ages. Furthermore, MAG binds to neurons from which it promotes and from which it inhibits outgrowth, in a sialic-acid-dependent manner. Now we show this binding is also trypsin-sensitive. Hence, the interaction is via a sialoglycoprotein. Binding of MAG to all the neurons tested here was also sialic-acid-dependent. Importantly, both inhibition and promotion of neurite outgrowth by MAG are reduced, or abolished completely, either by desialyation of the neurons prior to the outgrowth assay or by including small sialic-acid-bearing sugars in the cultures. These results suggest that MAG is likely to contribute to the lack of regeneration observed throughout the nervous system. Also, it is likely that MAG is exerting its effect, either directly or indirectly, on both promotion and inhibition of neurite outgrowth via a neuronal sialoglycoprotein.
Interdisciplinary teamwork: is the influence of emotional intelligence fully appreciated?

AIM The purpose of this study is to discuss how emotional intelligence affects interdisciplinary team effectiveness. Some findings from a larger study on interdisciplinary teamworking are discussed. BACKGROUND Teams are often evaluated for complementary skill mix and expertise that are integrated for specialist service delivery. Interactional skills and emotional intelligence also affect team behaviour and performance. An effective team needs both emotional intelligence and expertise, including technical, clinical, social and interactional skills, so that teamwork becomes greater or lesser than the whole, depending on how well individuals work together. KEY ISSUES Team diversity, individuality and personality differences, and interprofessional safety are analysed to raise awareness for nurse managers of the complexity of interdisciplinary working relationships. CONCLUSION If nursing input into interdisciplinary work is to be maximized, nurse managers might consider the role of emotional intelligence in influencing team effectiveness, the quality of client care, staff retention and job satisfaction.
(18-Crown-6-κ6 O)(pyrazolato-κ2 N,N′)-potassium(I)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [K(C3H3N2)(C12H24O6)], is composed of a potassium cation bonded to the six O atoms of a crown ether molecule and the two N atoms of a pyrazolate anion. The K⋯O distances range from 2.8416 (8) to 3.0025 (8) Å, and the two K⋯N distances are 2.7441 (11) and 2.7654 (11) Å. The K cation is displaced by 0.8437 (4) Å from the best plane through the six O atoms. The latter plane is almost perpendicular to the plane of the pyrazolate ring [dihedral angle 83.93 (3)°].
RAS/ERK pathway transcriptional regulation through ETS/AP-1 binding sites

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is activated by mutation in many cancers. Neighboring ETS and AP-1 DNA binding sequences can act as response elements for transcriptional activation by this pathway. ERK phosphorylation of an ETS transcription factor is one mechanism of activating the RAS/ERK gene expression program that can promote cancer cell phenotypes such as proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Recent genome-wide mapping of ETS proteins overexpressed by chromosomal rearrangement in prostate cancer reveals a second mechanism for activation of this gene expression program. An oncogenic subset of ETS transcription factors can activate RAS/ERK target genes even in the absence of RAS/ERK pathway activation by binding ETS/AP-1 sequences. Thus, regulation of cancer cell invasion and metastasis via ETS/AP-1 sequence elements depends on which ETS protein is bound, and the status of the RAS/ERK pathway. This commentary will focus on what is known about the selectivity of ETS/AP-1 sequences for different ETS transcription factors and the transcriptional consequences of ETS protein selection.
Grading and disease management in national screening for diabetic retinopathy in England and Wales

Aims A National Screening Programme for diabetic eye disease in the UK is in development. We propose a grading and early disease management protocol to detect sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy and any retinopathy, which will allow precise quality assurance at all steps while minimizing false‐positive referral to the hospital eye service.