Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influencia de la geometría de la malla del copo en las capturas, la selectividad y el rendimiento de algunas especies de peces comerciales en el golfo de Alicante (sureste de la península Ibérica)

Se analiza el comportamiento de los artes provistos con copos de malla de 40 mm rombica y cuadrada y su influencia en la captura de cuatro especies demersales de importancia comercial: merluza Merluccius (L., 1758), bacaladilla Micromesistitus poutassou (Risso, 1826), salmonete de fango Mullus barbatus L. , 1758 y salmonete de roca Mullus surmuletus L. , 1758. Las capturas totales obtenidas (copo mas sobrecopo) fueron similares con ambos tipos de malla y, aunque la tasa de retencion en el copo fue un 20% mayor en el caso de la malla rombica, la tasa de descarte fue un 30% menor con la malla cuadrada. Las tallas de primera captura obtenidas con los copos de malla cuadrada son mayores que los obtenidos con la malla rombica para las cuatro especies analizadas, obteniendose, asi mismo, un rango de seleccion (25-75%) y un factor de aseleccion mayores. Los rendimientos no muestran diferencias significativas entre ambos tipos de malla en ninguna de las especies consideradas. En todos los casos, las tasas de descarte para estas espcies fueron muy bajas. El uso de la malla cuadrada de 40 mm produciria efectos positivos en la pesqueria, debido al incremento de las tallas de primera captura, y en el ecosistema, debido a la reduccion de los descartes de espcies no comerciales.
On the Effects of Economic Integration on Greenfield Investments and Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions Location Pattern

This paper investigates the linkages between economic integration and horizontal Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) location. In a three-country partial equilibrium model with differentiated Cournot and Bertrand competition, we incorporate the two main FDI modes: Greenfield Investment (G.I.) and crossborder Merger and Acquisition (M&A). We also allow regionally-based firms to invest outside the regional area. Economic integration characterized by internal and external transaction costs may affect entry modes (G.I. vs. M&A) and its location (intra - extra regional flows). Our findings suggest the existence of complex linkages between economic integration and FDI location pattern depending simultaneously on set-up fixed costs, the competitive mode of market interaction and the product differentiation. However, the role of cross-border M&A as well as the importance of FDI outflows from the regional area is highlighted.
Computing and Approximation Methods for the Distribution of Multivariate Aggregate Claims

Insurance companies typically face multiple sources (types) of claims. Therefore, modeling dependencies among different types of risks is extremely important for evaluating the aggregate claims of an insurer. In the first part of this thesis, we consider three classes of bivariate counting distributions and the corresponding compound distributions introduced in a 1996 paper by Hesselager. We implement the recursive methods for computing the joint probability functions derived by Hesselager and then compare the results with those obtained from fast Fourier transform (FFT) methods. In applying the FFT methods, we extend the concept of exponential tilting for univariate FFT proposed by Grübel and Hermesmeier to the bivariate case. Our numerical results show that although the recursive methods yield the exact compound distributions if the floating-point representation error is ignored, they generally consume more computation time than the FFT methods. On the other hand, although FFT methods are in general very fast, they suffer from the so called alias error. However, the alias error can be effectively reduced via the introduced exponential tilting. Therefore, the FFT methods constitute viable alternatives to the recursive methods for computing the joint probabilities. In the second part of the thesis, we introduce a multivariate aggregate claims model, which allows dependencies among claim numbers as well as dependencies among claim sizes. This model makes practical sense because insurance companies typically write multi lines (types) of insurance policies and the claims from different lines of businesses are usually dependent. For example, in auto insurance, insurance companies have to pay claims due to property damages and bodily injuries. The numbers of claims from property damages and bodily injuries are typically dependent. In addition, one would expect that the sizes of the two types of claims are dependent because some accidents cause two types of claims simultaneously. For this proposed model, we derive recursive formulas for the joint probability functions of different types of claims. In addition, we show that the concepts of exponential tilting in the multivariate FFT can be apii plied to compute the joint probability functions of the various types of claims in the introduced multivariate aggregate claims model. Numerical examples are provided to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the two computation methods. In the third part of the thesis, we apply a moment-based technique to approximate the distribution of univariate and bivariate aggregate claims. The numerical examples presented herein indicate that the proposed approximation method constitutes another viable alternative to the recursive and FFT methods.
A Self-consistent Model of the Solar Tachocline

We present a local but fully nonlinear model of the solar tachocline, using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The tachocline forms naturally as a statistically steady balance between Coriolis, pressure, buoyancy, and Lorentz forces beneath a turbulent convection zone. Uniform rotation is maintained in the radiation zone by a primordial magnetic field, which is confined by meridional flows in the tachocline and convection zone. Such balanced dynamics has previously been found in idealized laminar models, but never in fully self-consistent numerical simulations.
Insulin resistance and its associated comorbidities in young individuals: a HOMA study

Background: The strongest relationship between insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors is observed in middle-aged persons rather than in older individuals. Hence it is important to evaluate the young high risk individuals for insulin resistance and to study its significant co-morbidities. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the high risk individuals for insulin resistance and co-morbidities in young individuals. Methods: The body mass index and the waist-hip ratio of all the participants were measured. A 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected from each patient and was used for the estimation of fasting blood glucose level, lipid profile, fasting insulin level and glycated hemoglobin using commercially available kit according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Subjects’ full filling inclusion criteria and preliminary tests for insulin resistance are further evaluated with HOMA. The data obtained was represented as Mean±S.D and was analyzed for statistical significance using chi-square test and correlation of HOMA with study variables were performed using Pearson correlation test using SPSS Version 20. P - value less than 0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results: In the present study we found that, non- diabetic group patients are having strong association with hypertension and insulin resistance. When the study variables in the recruited subjects were correlated with HOMA using Pearson correlation, showed a significant correlation with fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin and hypertension in diabetic patients. In non-diabetic subjects fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin was not correlated significantly. But, hypertension showed a significant correlation. Conclusions: Insulin resistance was strongly associated with co-morbidities like hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia. High incidence and prevalence of insulin resistance was also seen in non-diabetic individuals.
Flow Numerical Analysis for Selecting the Best Arrangements of Apartment Buildings

In this study two-dimensional and calm flow numerical solution on two warm Cylinders with constant temperature with rectangular cross-section located inside a canal with insulator walls have been studied. The problem for blockage ratio of 0.125, distance between the barriers equal to 1 to 4 times of the height of the barriers and Reynolds numbers in the range of 100 to 300 have been conducted. The effect of change in each of the parameters on Nusselt number, level of heat transfer, drag and lift coefficients and Coefficient of friction and the effect of distance changes between the barrier to canal wall on level of heat transfer and also the effect of changes in Reynolds number on these coefficient have been studies. The governing equations have been solved with the use of discretized finite volume method and the obtained Algebraic equations and for solving Navier-Stokes equations A semi-implicit fractional step method has been used. Values of drag coefficient and average Nusselt number have been calculated for four different grids and have been compared with each other and finally, the appropriate grid has been selected . Increased Reynolds number in blockage ratio of 0.125 for the 1st barrier in all the S/Hs leads to increased drag coefficient. However, for the 2nd barrier and in S/H=1 and S/H=2, drag coefficient decreases. In S/H=3 and S/H=4, considering the change of flow shape and the fact that the space between the two barriers are not filled with vortices, until the Reynolds number in which the space between the barriers are filled, drag coefficient decreases and then after than increases. This critical Reynolds in S/H=3 is 250 and it is 150 in S/H=4. With increasing the distance between the barriers in blockage ratio of 0.125, for the 1st barrier, average Nusselt increases, however, increased Reynolds number has a direct effect on increasing average Nusselt in different distances of barriers. The highest jump in average Nusselt in different Reynolds is seen in the barrier distance between 3H and 4H which is due to Vortex shedding phenomenon in heat transfer. On the 2nd barrier also, increased distance between barriers in general leads to increased average Nusselt in which Reynolds number has a direct relationship with increased average Nusselt.
Efficient Market Hypothesis V/S Behavioural Finance

The present paper reviews two fundamental investing paradigmsi.e. efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and the theory of behaviouralfinance(BF), which has a substantial impact on the manner investors tend to develop their own strategies of investing funds. The study elaborates on the inherent irrationality of the theory of efficient market, and it discusses the potential reasons for its recent decline, arguing in favor ofbehavioural finance. In addition, the study highlights that the theory of behaviouralfinance, which endorses human behavioral and psychological attitudes, should become the theoretical framework for successful and profitable investing.
RECOVERY OF PATCHES IN AN ASSEMBLAGE OF GENICULATE CORALLINE ALGAE - VARIABILITY AT DIFFERENT SUCCESSIONAL STAGES

Variability in recovery of cleared patches was investigated for 2 yr (from March 1991 to March 1993) in a low-shore habitat of geniculate coralline algae on the west coast of Italy. A 3-way factorial experiment was used to assess the effects of size, time and location of patch on algal colonization in experimentally cleared plots. Species were grouped in 3 morphological groups: coarsely branched, filamentous and geniculate coralline algae. Cleared plots were small (7 X 7 cm), medium (12 X 12 cm) and large (22 X 22 cm), interspersed in areas of geniculate coralline algae at each of 2 different sites. Replicated clearings and controls were set up in March and September 1991. Seasonal patterns were particularly evident for the filamentous and the geniculate coralline algae, with peaks in abundance occurring in spring and summer for the former group and from September to December for the latter one. Algal colonization was variable in the experimental areas. All main factors (size, time of formation and location of patch) and some of the interactions significantly affected recovery of species, but patterns were specific for each group and were not consistent along the successional sequence. In general, differences due to size and time of formation of patch decreased as succession proceeded, but some exceptions to this trend were also evident. The abundance of coarsely branched algae, for example, was greater in large than in medium gaps after 15 mo of recovery. Differences among sites were particularly evident for the filamentous and coarsely branched algae, but only at determinate successional stages. In addition, temporal trends were not the same for the 2 groups of plants. Spatial patterns were more evident at mid and late successional stages for the former group, whilst the reverse occurred for the latter. Overall, these results suggest caution in contrasting deterministic and nondeterministic views of community dynamics.
Referential, vague or impersonal? Pronominal reference and identity. Evidence from the academic writing of Italian students of English

The issue of authorial stance has been the topic of much research. A rather obvious way to claim authorial presence is to use first person reference and the corresponding determiners. However, not only is the I emerging from the text plural, but different genres are associated with differing degrees of I-ism, and these conventions vary from culture to culture. In this paper I explore the issue of authorial stance in connection with identity by focusing on the use of the first person pronouns and their respective determiners in the academic writing of Italian students of English. The study shows that referential, vague and impersonal uses of personal pronouns are intertwined in a complex way and create shades of impersonality in a heteroglossic space in which a reconstruction of the self takes place.
Natural and historical variability in fluvial processes, beaver activity, and climate in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Two centuries of human activities in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) have strongly influenced beaver activity on small streams, raising questions about the suitability of the historical (Euro‐American) period for establishing stream reference conditions. We used beaver‐pond deposits as proxy records of beaver occupation to compare historical beaver activity to that throughout the Holocene. Forty‐nine carbon‐14 (14C) ages on beaver‐pond deposits from Grand Teton National Park indicate that beaver activity was episodic, where multi‐century periods lacking dated beaver‐pond deposits have similar timing to those previously documented in Yellowstone National Park. These gaps in the sequence of dated deposits coincide with episodes of severe, prolonged drought, e.g. within the Medieval Climatic Anomaly 1000–600 cal yr bp, when small streams likely became ephemeral. In contrast, many beaver‐pond deposits date to 500–100 cal yr bp, corresponding to the colder, effectively wetter Little Ice Age. Abundant historical beaver activity in the early 1900s is coincident with a climate cooler and wetter than present and more abundant willow and aspen, but also regulation of beaver trapping and the removal of wolves (the beaver's main predator), all favorable for expanded beaver populations. Reduced beaver populations after the 1920s, particularly in the northern Yellowstone winter range, are in part a response to elk overbrowsing of willow and aspen that later stemmed from wolf extirpation. Beaver populations on small streams were also impacted by low streamflows during severe droughts in the 1930s and late 1980s to present. Thus, both abundant beaver in the 1920s and reduced beaver activity at present reflect the combined influence of management practices and climate, and underscore the limitations of the early historical period for defining reference conditions. The Holocene record of beaver activity prior to Euro‐American activities provides a better indication of the natural range of variability in beaver‐influenced small stream systems of the GYE. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and Surface Properties of Lignocellulosic Fibres Reinforced Composites

The advantages and disadvantages of natural fibers as hemp, sisal, jute, wood, and flax have been studied in terms of mechanical properties, durability, cohesion between filler and matrix. The development of natural fiber reinforced biodegradable polymer composites promotes the use of environmentally friendly materials [1]. The new materials derived from biodegradable renewable sources are considered as partial solution to environmental pollution caused by the large volume of waste [2]. Even though the fiber determines the mechanical properties like elastic modulus or strength, the matrix provides the physical and chemical durability by protecting the fiber from environmental influences [3]. The use of lignocelluloses composite with polymer matrix in the environment with UV radiation can cause photodegradation which lead to a weakening of the material and micro-cracking of the matrix [4] and [5]. Photodegradation is the main effect of UV environmental radiation on polymeric materials, which is shown by the following phenomena: breaking chemical bonds between the polymer chains, which leads to the formation of free radicals by dissociating C-H bonds from the polymer chains and to the oxidation of its surface because of peroxide radicals [6]. In addition, exposure to UV radiation can make the material more sensitive to the action of other factors (i.e. humidity) [7]. The hydrophilicity is one great drawback when using lignocelluloses fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. Many approaches studied the tendency of interfacial strength and dimensional stability of bio-composite as results of UV action [8] and [9]. The paper is focused on the photo-degradation mechanism, which influences the surface energy of the lignocelluloses composite. The evaluation of the surface energy of the composite lignocelluloses materials was carried out by the θ contact angle method identifying the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of them. Because of the poor interfacial adhesion between fibers and polymers which leads to limitation of natural fibers reinforcement, Azwa et al. [10] studied the improvement of composite behavior due to addition of coupling agent. The effect of the oak particle size on the mechanical and morphological properties has been studied [6]. Mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPC), determined by tensile and Mechanical and Surface Properties of Lignocellulosic Fibres Reinforced Composites Stanciu, M.D. – Savin, A. – Nastac, S.M. Mariana Domnica Stanciu1,* – Adriana Savin2 – Silviu Marian Nastac3 1Transilvania University of Brasov, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Romania 2National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Nondestructive Testing Department, Romania 3‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, Engineering and Agronomy Faculty, Romania
Economic Growth in Europe

Economic growth in Europe has been disappointing in the past few years, especially when compared to the US, and in addition growth in the UK has looked more robust than that in the large continental economies. There could be many factors that contribute to these differences, and they are addressed in the articles by Crafts; Barrell, Guillemineau and Holland; Mc Morrow and Röger; and Bebee and Hunt in this Review. This introduction discusses some of the factors affecting growth, and draws some conclusions from these studies that help us understand why growth may differ between countries for sustained periods of time, and also why underlying, or trend growth rates may vary over time.
Discretion in a neoclassical Phillips curve model : an explanation of asymmetric effects of inflation targeting

Matsukawa, Okamura and Taki (2012) show that in a neoclassical Phillips curve model, two types of discretionary equilibria can be characterized as a deflationary equilibrium and a highinflation equilibrium and the absolute value of feedback coefficient on the lagged output gap is larger for the former. This paper points out that inflation targeting can be supported by activist monetary policy in bringing inflation down, if the economy is in a high-inflation equilibrium, but not in getting out of the deflationary trap if the economy is in a deflationary equilibrium. * We would like to thank Kazumi Asako, Yuichi Fukuta, Koichi Futagami, Eiji Okano, Akihisa Shibata, Etsuro Shioji and seminar participants at Hitotsubashi University, Osaka University, Osaka Prefecture University and Toyama University for many very helpful comments and suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the authors.
Relationship structure-antioxidant activity of hindered phenolic compounds

The relationship between the structure and the antioxidant activity of 21 hindered phenolic compounds was investigated by Rancimat and DPPH· tests. 3- tert -butyl-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol is the strongest antioxidant in the Rancimat test but not in the DPPH· test because its two hydroxyl groups have very strong steric synergy. 2,6-Di tert -butyl-4-hydroxy-methylphenol exhibits a strong antioxidant activity as 2,6-di tert butyl- 4-methoxyphenol does in lard. 2,6-Di tert -butyl-4- hydroxy-methylphenol also exhibits stronger activity than 2- tert -butyl-4- methoxyphenol. The methylene of 2,6-di tert -butyl-4-hydroxy-methylphenol can provide a hydrogen atom to active free radicals like a phenolic hydroxyl group does because it is greatly activated by both the aromatic ring and hydroxyl group. Five factors affect the antioxidant activities of the phenolic compounds: how stable the phenolic compound free radicals are after providing hydrogen atoms; how many hy drogen atoms each of the phenolic compounds can provide; how fast the phenolic compounds provide hydrogen atoms; how easily the phenolic compound free radicals can combine with more active free radicals, and whether or not a new antioxidant can form after the phenolic compound provides hydrogen atoms.
Measurement of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Pennyroyal ( Mentha pulegium L.) and Microalgae Spirulina platensis Extracted by Steeping, Ultrasonic and Microwave Methods

Now-a-days more attention is drawn to the use of natural compounds over synthetic ones in the production of food dyes and pharmaceutical additives. Among the most important and effective components in diets are antioxidants which protect the body from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. In this study, extracts of microalgae Spirulina platensis: and pennyroyal were prepared via steeping, microwave and ultrasonic methods using two solvents, water and ethanol under controlled conditions. Six treatments including water-steeping, water-microwave, water- ultrasound, ethanol-steeping, ethanol-microwave and ethanol-ultrasound, were prepared and triplicate experiments were performed to determine the following components: flavonoid, total phenols content as well as antioxidant capacity (IC50) of the extracts based on Alcl, follin-ciocaltuea and absorption of radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl -1-ipicryl hydrasil). The data was analyzed by SPSS version 24 and the means were compared using a multi-range Duncan test at 5% level (p<0.05). The results showed that the ultrasound method had the best efficacy for the extraction of phenolic and antioxidant compounds. The use of the water-ultrasound treatment in the extraction of microalgae resulted in the highest amounts of flavonoids and total phenols and the lowest amounts of IC50 (the greatest radical scavenging activity) compared to the five other treatments. The use of the ethanol-ultrasound treatment in the extraction of pennyroyal produced similar results to the waterultrasound extracted microalgae, showing high amounts of flavonoid, total phenol, and radical scavenging activity. These results revealed that a combination of different extraction methods and different solvents is needed to obtain the best results.