Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identi cation and characterization of multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins in Gossypium hirsutum

Pengbo Hao Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Hantao Wang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Liang Ma Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Aimin Wu Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Pengyun Chen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Shuaishuai Cheng Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Hengling Wei Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Shuxun Yu (  ysx195311@163.com ) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute https://orcid.org/0000-00029715-3462
Effect of Fish Oil Substitution with Sunflower Oil in Diet of Juvenile Catlacatla (Ham) on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization

During the present investigation Catla catla fry (0.250 ± 0.008 g) were fed with five iso-nitrogenous (40%) and isolipidic (6%) diets in triplicate @ 5% of body weight, for a period of 60 days. Diet A1 (control)was without supplemented oil i.e., whereas diets A2-A5were supplemented with 3% fish oil (FO) and sunflower oil (SFO) at different proportions i.e. diet A2 with(100% FO), diet A3 (70% FO+30% SFO), diet A4 (50% FO+50% SFO) and diet A5 (70% SFO+30% FO). After the end of 60 days of feeding trail a significant difference (p 0.01) in all the growth performance parameters between oil supplemented diets i.e. A2-A5. However, diet A1 (control) registered poorest performance i.e. 42.54% (WG), 0.271 (SGR), 7.75 (FCR), 12.88 (FCE) and 93.56% survival rate. The present result thus clearly revealed that sunflower oil could be partially replace the fish oil up to 50% in supplemented diet without any adverse effect on the growth performance of Catla catla fry, as it is less expensive and easily available.
Asymmetrical response to selection for rate of development in Drosophila subobscura

Starting from a geographically hybrid foundation population of Drosophila subobscura , selection for fast and for slow development has been practised without inbreeding on a diet with an unusually high level of protein. Realized heritabilities in the fast and slow lines were + 0·063 ± 0·029 and + 0·186 ± 0·031 respectively. A half-sib analysis of the foundation population and full-sib analyses of the first two and the last two selected generations were carried out. Hybrids between the two lines were approximately intermediate between their parents. Two types of genetic explanation of the asymmetrical response are discussed. The first assumes directional dominance of alleles for fast development. Such an assumption can explain the asymmetrical response, but runs into difficulties in explaining the nature of the genetic variance in the selected populations and the intermediacy of the hybrids between the two lines. A second assumption, which appears to fit the facts better, is that there exists a ‘developmental barrier’ preventing development at a rate appreciably faster than that of the foundation population. In physiological terms this implies that more rapid development requires a more profound modification of the population than could be achieved by a few generations of selection. In genetic terms, it implies epistatic interactions between genes at different loci: gene substitutions at a given locus which increase development rate on a genetic background causing slow development have little or no effect on a genetic background causing rapid development. In other words, there is a law of diminishing returns as more and more alleles for fast development are accumulated in the genotype. It is suggested that genetic situations of this kind may be common in populations which have been exposed to directional selection for a long time in reasonably large populations, either in nature or in domestication.
Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation and High-Pressure Treatment with Citrus Peel Extract on the Microbiological, Chemical and Sensory Qualities of Marinated Chicken Breast Meat

Chicken breast meat samples were injected with marinade solution (salt, sugar, phosphate, monosodium glutamate, and nucleic acid) with or without 2% citrus peel extract (CPE), and then a subset were irradiated with a 1 or 2 kGy electron beam (EB) and/or subjected to high-pressure (HP) at 300 or 400 MPa. The initial total aerobic bacterial (TAB) count of the control sample was 4.57 log CFU/g and reached 7.17 log CFU/g after 3 days of storage at 4°C. The 2 kGy EB reduced the TAB count to 4.61 log CFU/g after 7 days. The 400 MPa HP treatment was also effective in reducing the TAB count, but the effect was slightly less than that noted with the 2 kGy EB. The CPE, in combination with the EB and HP, decreased the TAB count by 1.71 and 1.32 log CFU/g at the initial stage and further decreased the count during storage. The 2 kGy EB and the HP (300 and 400 MPa) increased the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value, whereas the CPE did not show an antioxidative effect. The EB and HP caused no difference in the sensory qualities. In contrast, the CPE decreased all sensory qualities tested. Sensory panelists commented that the samples with CPE were not in the “rejection” category but were “unfamiliar” for chicken breast meat. In conclusion, the EB was more effective than HP in improving the microbial quality of marinated chicken breast meat. The use of CPE in the marinade solution may synergistically increase the shelf life; however, it is necessary to develop an appropriate formulation to ensure that the sensory qualities are maintained.
A study of the growth and distribution of Colophospermum mopane (Kirk ex Benth.) Kirk ex J. Leon: the interaction of nitrogen phosphorus and soil moisture stress

Abstract Eight sites representative of the full diversity of Colophospermum mopane woodland were chosen in Rhodesia, Botswana and South Africa. Mopane performance, as measured by S diameter at breast height times density, over six height classes, was highly correlated (69 per cent of the variation accounted for) with total N and NaHCO3‐extractable P in the surface soil (0–10 cm). Mopane seedlings grown in pots responded to increased N and P supply, though, not significantly, on two soils with over 20 per cent water at 0,33 bars matric suction. Fluctuations in the available water supply from 100 to 0 per cent had no effect on yield or evapotranspiration rate on these soils. On a third soil, with only seven per cent water at 0,33 bars suction, yield decreased significantly (P < 0,01) with increased N and decreasing available water supply. These effects were primarily due to increased soil osmotic suction. Mopane growth was reduced at osmotic suctions less than 3 bars. At higher suctions (6–8 bars) internal .
Biodiversity of Shallow-Water Red Sea Echinoids: Implications For the Fossil Record

Determination of fossil echinoid diversities is an important aspect of detailed palaeon- tological studies. The comparison of recent and fossil associations can be used to elucidate the problems of determination of fossil echinoid distributions. Actuopalaeontological studies of echinoids from the Red Sea (northern Bay of Safaga, Egypt) have shown that the study of fragments within bulk sediment samples greatly increased the possibilities for determining echinoid presence and distribution. The results show the restricted distribution as well as the differential preservation potential of the various echinoids. The distribution of echinoids is primarily controlled by grain size, food availability, exposure to current activity, and predation pressure. Regular and irregular sea-urchins show the expected disjunct distributions with the former showing a more undifferentiated distribution to various hard substrates. Irregular echinoids are tightly restricted to particular types of soft substrates reflecting their adaptation to the specific grain size of the sediments. Co-occurring irregular sea-urchins show a spatial differentiation into shallow (clypeasteroids) and deeper burrowers (spatangoids). This investigation shows that important echinoid species known to occur in the Red Sea are lacking or are very rare within the study area, although a large number of different facies types are present. Patchy distributions are present for both regular and irregular sea-urchins. The determination of biodiversity is therefore seen to be largely dependent on the scale of investigation. An important implication for fossil echinoid presence are the differential effects of taphonomic agents on the various test architectures. Some species are well represented due to their common occurrences, and their comparatively robust tests or test fragments.
Impacts of hunting disturbance on waterbirds - a review

Waterbird hunting is a widespread activity in wetlands throughout Europe and constitutes one of the most significant sources of disturbance during autumn and winter. The biological evidence for effects of hunting disturbance on the behaviour and distribution of migratory and wintering waterbirds and its possible impacts on population dynamics is reviewed. Most of the literature has been concerned with local effects of disturbance, focussing on quarry geese and dabbling ducks. Comparatively little is known about effects on diving ducks and waders, while there is no direct evidence for impacts at the population level for any waterbird species. Hunting disturbance can cause temporary disruption of normal activities of waterbirds, alter their diurnal rhythms and increase escape flight distances. It can displace waterbirds from preferred feeding and roosting habitats at local or regional level and increase turnover, so that the carrying capacity of a site is not reached. Quarry waterbirds, and those occurring in large inshore concentrations, such as many dabbling ducks, geese and waders, are potentially most sensitive to disturbance. Hunting disturbance can disrupt pair-bonds and family structures which may affect reproductive output. Evidence is provided that many waterbird populations are limited by winter conditions and that the majority of studied waterbird species lose body reserves during winter. Because hunting disturbance causes under-exploitation of potential feeding grounds where population limitation is considered to occur, such disturbance will, by definition, have an impact at the population level. However, the magnitude of this impact has not been quantified and requires a modelling approach.
The effects of the parent environment on seed germinability

Abstract The growing conditions of a parent plant may affect the degree of dormancy of its seeds. This has been demonstrated in numerous species, both wild and cultivated. The evidence comes from field observations and controlled experiments. A survey of the literature shows that some well defined patterns emerge, with certain environmental factors tending to have similar effects over a wide range of species. Lower dormancy (i.e., increased germinability) is generally associated with the following environmental conditions during seed development: high temperatures, short days, red light, drought and high nitrogen levels. The effects are probably the result of changes in the quantity, mobility or activity of growth substances such as abscisic acid. The ecological implications of the phenomenon are briefly discussed.
Factors explaining increased body size in common shrews (Sorex araneus) on Scottish islands

Aim Island populations of small mammals are often characterized by a larger body size compared with neighbouring mainland or continental populations of the same species. A number of reasons have been put forward to explain this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to test which of these hypotheses can best explain the increase of body size in common shrews (Sorex araneus) on islands.
EFFECTS OF SAMPLING EFFORT ON CHARACTERIZATION OF FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE

A critical and poorly understood aspect of food-web theory concerns the possibility that variable observation effort, such as widely different sampling intensities among investigators, confounds structural food-web patterns. We evaluated this possibility by simulating the effects of variable observation effort on the structure of a food web including 77 insect species found inside the stems of 10 species of grasses. A highly detailed description of the trophic structure of this community was provided by an exhaustive sampling program involving dissection of 164 215 grass stems over 12 yr. Most significantly, the data describe the frequency at which each of the consumers and their 126 different trophic links were observed. During the simulated increase in sampling, consistent trends were observed among trophic-species webs as the species richness of these webs increased to a maximum of 73 trophic species. Connectance remained surprisingly constant, while the fractions of top and basal species decreased, an.
Mutation breeding techniques and behaviour of irradiated shoot apices of potato

An attempt was made to produce a di(ha)ploid tester clone with marker genes in an heterozygous condition for studies on induced mutations in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Literature on potato mutations was reviewed. Formation of adventitious roots and shoots from potato leaves, leaflets and stem parts was studied in vivo. Roots formed easily, but adventitious shoots were very few. Techniques in vitro were more promising. After a review of literature on shoot apices, damage and recovery of irradiated potato shoot apices was studied in whole plants as well as from changes in tuber-skin colour caused by histogenic effects and from microscopic slides made during a 20-day period after irradiation.
Fitness consequences of indirect plant defence in the annual weed, Sinapis arvensis

1. Plant traits that enhance the attraction of the natural enemies of their herbivores have been postulated to function as an ‘indirect defence’. An important underlying assumption is that this enhanced attraction results in increased plant fitness due to reduced herbivory. This assumption has been rarely tested. 2. We investigated whether there are fitness consequences for the charlock mustard Sinapis arvensis, a short-lived outcrossing annual weedy plant, when exposed to groups of large cabbage white (Pieris brassicae) caterpillars parasitized by either one of two wasp species, Hyposoter ebeninus and Cotesia glomerata, that allow the host to grow during parasitism. Hyposoter ebeninus is solitary and greatly reduces host growth compared with healthy caterpillars, whereas C. glomerata is gregarious and allows the host to grow approximately as large as unparasitized caterpillars. Both healthy and parasitized P. brassicae caterpillars initially feed on the foliage, but later stages preferentially consume the flowers. 3. In a garden experiment, plants damaged by parasitized caterpillars produced more seeds than conspecific plants damaged by unparasitized caterpillars. Reproductive potential (germination success multiplied by total seed number) was similar for plants that were not exposed to herbivory and those that were damaged by parasitized caterpillars and lower for plants that were damaged by healthy unparasitized caterpillars. However, these quantitative seed traits negatively correlated with the qualitative seed traits, individual seed size and germination success, suggesting a trade-off between these two types of traits. 4. We show that parasitism of insect herbivores that feed on reproductive plant tissues may have positive fitness consequences for S. arvensis. The extent to which plant fitness may benefit depends on parasitoid lifestyle (solitary or gregarious), which is correlated with the amount of damage inflicted on these tissues by the parasitized host.
Phosphorus nutrients in sunflower – A review

Being an oilseed crop, sunflower responds well with phosphorus fertilization. In addition to germination and seedling establishment, growth attributes like plant height, stem diameter, root length and dry matter production increased with increasing levels of P. The response of P was more significant in P deficient soils. Seed yield and oil content also increased by P application. Phosphorus application also increased the uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S nutrients. Rock phosphate was found to be the most effective source in acid solis. In neutral and alkali soils, application of P with organic numures or bio-fertilizers like phosphobacteria showed good response.
IDIOTYPY OF RABBIT ANTIBODIES

The idiotypic patterns detected in the anti-Salmonella typhi serum of one given bleeding have been sought in other bleedings of the same rabbit. Idiotypic patterns carried by antibodies of the second bleeding are not always found in those of the first bleeding. Bifurcated precipitation zones in gels (double diffusion in cells) have been observed in the reaction of several anti-idiotypic sera with the sera of the first and second bleedings of three rabbits, and apparently indicate that idiotypic patterns which were carried by the same molecule in the first bleeding were carried by two separate molecules in the second bleeding. In a comparison of idiotypy of two anti-S. typhi serum samples of one rabbit, the collection of which had been separated by a very long interruption of the immunization, all the idiotypes detected in the early bleeding were also detected in the late bleeding; several idiotypes were detected in the serum of the late bleeding and not in that of the early bleeding. Idiotypy has been observed and compared in IgM and in IgG antibodies. There are, in each of these two classes, antibodies that are not distinguished from antibodies of the other class by anti-idiotypic sera, and consequently that carry the same idiotypic patterns. A comparison has been made between the idiotypy of the two kinds of antibodies which, in anti-S. typhi sera, are precipitated and not precipitated by the polysaccharide. Certain idiotypic patterns are carried only by the antibodies of the first kind. There are also idiotypic patterns which are carried by antibodies of these two kinds, among which certain anti-idiotypic antibodies do not discriminate. Possible cellular implications of observations made on idiotypy at different stages of the immunization of one individual have been discussed.
PHENOMENA OF PRIMENESS

The condition of muskrat pelts known as "primeness" is found to be independent of dermal characteristics and to be a function of epidermal pigment distribution. The microscopic characteristics of prime and unprime fur pelts are discussed and correlated with the macroscopic characteristics. A method is suggested for detecting primeness in the skin of living animals.
The pre-natal development of follicle population in the Romney lamb

Previous studies on the development of follicle population in relation to the growth of the fleece have, except for the Merino, been mostly post-natal. The pre-natal study of follicle development in some British sheep by Wildman (1932) was mainly qualitative, as also was the work of Carter (1943) in the Merino. The latter study was, however, followed by some numerical work on the same breed (Carter & Hardy, 1947). Figures were given for the follicle density per unit area and the ratio of the number of secondary follicles to the number of primaries at different ages. The present study therefore helps to fill a gap in our knowledge by considering numerically the pre-natal stages of development in the English Romney, a breed which is important in the northern hemisphere and which might be considered to be comparable with the Romney of the southern hemisphere.
A Role of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in NF- B Transcriptional Activation

Abstract The transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in immune and inflammatory responses. Here we show that poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) is required for specific NF-κB transcriptional activation in vivo. The activation of the HIV-LTR promoter and an NF-κBdependent artificial promoter was drastically reduced in PARP (_/_) cells, independently of the signaling pathway through which NF-bB was induced. Furthermore NF-κB-dependent gene activation was restored in vivo by the expression of PARP in PARP (_/_) cells. Finally, we show that both NF-κB and PARP formed a stable immunoprecipitable nuclear complex. This interaction did not need DNA binding. Our results suggest that PARP is an important cofactor in the activation cascade of NF-κB-dependent target genes.
MicroRNAs and target genes involved in E. globulus xylogenesis: in silico prediction and experimental validation

Examination Commitee: Chairperson: Professora Doutora Sara Barros Queiroz Amâncio, Professora Associada com Agregacao do Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade de Lisboa. Members: Doutor Jorge Almiro Barcelo Caldeira Pinto Paiva, Investigador Auxiliar do Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical, I.P. Doutor Nelson Jose Madeira Saibo, Investigador Auxiliar do Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Effects of Different Levels of Dried Lemon (Citrus aurantifulia) Pulp on Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Biochemical and Immunity Parameters of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dried lemon pulp (DLP) on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of broilers. In this experiment 240 of broilers (Ross-308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates (with 20 birds in each replicate) from 1 to 42 days. Experimental diets included: 1) control group with no DLP, in 2 until 4 treatments the levels of DLP were 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percent. Inclusion different levels of dried lemon pulp on broilers diets had significant effects on their performance, carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters (P>0.05). Adding DLP into broiler diets significantly increased the amount of feed intake in starter, grower and whole experiment periods. Also it significantly increased the amount of daily weight gain in starter and whole experiment periods; however they were not observed any significant difference between treatments in daily weight gain in grower period. As the rate of feed intake to daily weight gain was high, especially in grower period in treatments, which contained DLP, it had adverse effect on feed conversion and led to be increased, in contrast with control group. There were no significant differences between experimental groups regarding to feed conversion in starter period (P>0.05). Using 3% DLP significantly decreased the abdominal fat and blood low density lipoprotein (LDL), whereas the lowest percent of gizzard was obtained by inclusion 1.5% DLP. Adding different levels of dried lemon pulp could not significantly affect the hematological parameters of broilers. According to these experimental results, using DLP up to 4.5% of broiler diets in starter period, would be possible without any adverse effects on their performance, however these levels in grower period increased significantly the ratio of daily feed intake to daily weight gain and had adverse effect on feed conversion. Moreover 1.5% DLP had desirable effects on reduce of abdominal fat and blood low density lipoproteins.
Cooking loss components of beef from Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers

The effects of breed and ageing on beef cooking loss components were investigated. Correlations among the beef cooking loss components were also determined. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle steaks from Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers were prepared by an electric oven-broiling method using direct radiant heat at 260°C. They were placed in an oven pan on a rack to allow meat juices to drain during cooking and placed in the pre-heated oven 90 mm below the heat source. Raw and cooked weights were recorded. Percentage cooking loss, thawing loss, drip loss and evaporation loss were determined. Beef cooking loss components were affected (P 0.05) affected by breed. There were no (P>0.05) significant correlations among the cooking loss components. Key words: African beef cattle, drip loss, evaporation loss, processing quality, thawing loss.