Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remaining Useful Life Curve Prediction of Rolling Bearings Under Defect Progression Based on Hierarchical Bayesian Regression

In order to improve Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction accuracy for rolling bearings under defect progressing, robustness for individual difference and fluctuation of vibration features are challenging issues. In this research, we propose a novel RUL prediction method that uses a hierarchical Bayesian method to consider the individual difference of RUL, and uses an intermediate variable indicating the defect condition instead of predicting RUL directly from vibration features. The proposed method can perform a monotonous RUL prediction curve and improved prediction accuracy especially for early stage of defect progression.
Attitudes and actions towards sustainability: A survey of Norwegian SMEs

JEL Classification: M0, M1, M14 DOI: 10.22495/cocv17i4art10 Sustainability is one of the biggest buzzwords and catchphrases of the 21st century, dominating not only management discourse but also the public debate in general. Today, many large organizations have bought into the idea that sustainability is essential and have already taken steps towards implementing more sustainable business practices. While past research indicates that SMEs are typically lagging behind their larger counterparts, our knowledge about the sustainability attitudes and actions of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is limited. This is also the case in Norway, where there is minimal research on what impact sustainability ideas have had on business practices. More knowledge about sustainability in SMEs is crucial since these firms comprise a large and crucial part of the Norwegian economy. Therefore, this paper aims to examine sustainability attitudes and actions among managers of Norwegian SMEs employing an electronic survey. Drawing on existing research, we propose a typology of managerial responses to sustainability, distinguishing between four groups of managers, which are labeled: 1) skeptics; 2) adaptors; 3) posers and 4) enthusiasts. The findings of the survey suggest that most managers can be characterized as skeptics and that adaptors are the smallest group. While there has been a general increase in sustainability commitment, sustainability initiatives tend to be lagging behind. These findings have several practical and policy-related implications.
Bandwidth of a 4 . 7 THz asymmetric Fourier grating

We present an analysis of the bandwidth of a preliminary designed asymmetric 8-pixel Fourier grating as the beam multiplexer for the 4.7 THz local oscillator of the GUSTO mission. We take the GUSTO grating as an example to address the bandwidth question although GUSTO itself does not need to operate over a wide frequency range. By illuminating single beams with different frequencies from 4.445 THz to 5.045 THz to the grating, we simulated the changes in the grating’s performance in three aspects using COMSOL Multiphysics: diffraction efficiency, power distribution, and the angular distribution of the output beams. These parameters can reduce the coupling efficiency between the output beams of the grating and the beams of the mixer array of GUSTO. The grating’s bandwidth is calculated to be 250 GHz, which is sufficient for many applications.
Group Hug: Platform Competition with User-group Online Appendix B : Absolute Number of Group and Individual Users

In our base model we measure the size of the group in proportional terms. Alternatively, one could assume a market with x group members and y individual users. In this case, however, changes in the size of the group are confounded with changes in network effects. In this appendix, we extend our model to the case where the size of the individual users is not affected by a change in the size of the group. We show that, as in our base model, a pivotal group joins the low-quality platform when it is not too large relative to the size of the individual users. The larger the number of individual users, the larger the group needs to be to choose the efficient platform. Moreover, the equilibrium utility of an individual user is independent of the size of the group as their utility is only a function of the network effects they create to each other. The utility of a group user is, in general, increasing in the group size with the exception of the case where the quality difference across the platforms is relatively large. Total consumers surplus, platforms’ profits, and thus total welfare, are always increasing in the size of the group as it does not imply a decrease in the size of the individual users.
Study on the Effect of Evapotranspiration Cooling o n the Urban Thermal Environment in Parramatta , Western Sydney

The aesthetic values of green parks and gardens are well understood by landscape architects and horticulturalists. However, quantitative evidence supporting the added climatic value of urban green infrastructures in its potential for evapotranspiration cooling remains under researched and remains as a topic necessary for further investigation. The benefit of evapotranspiration cooling has recently received increasing attention amongst urban planners and building designers due to the current agenda on sustainable urban development and the aim to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Studies at the single building scale claim that mean and peak energy demand of buildings are reduced with the application of vegetated and reflective roofs, green walls, but there are few studies on the interaction between evapotranspiration and local air movement in the urban built environment at neighborhood scales to quantify these benefits. This study seeks to explore whether modifications of the urban microclimate to counteract heat wave is possible by increasing the total amount of vegetative cover using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling at a neighborhood scale. A 3D transient Reynoldsaverage Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation with the realizable κ-ε turbulence model on a high resolution grid of 875,000 unstructured grids was conducted. The effect of transpiration cooling of vegetation on possible heat wave mitigation and thermal comfort improvement in an actual urban environment of Parramatta, Western Sydney is analyzed throughout three consecutive days during a heat wave period. Possible peak temperature reduction in the local urban environment is explored. Simulation results of the study show up to 4.65C reduction in peak air temperature with an averaged 2.88C can be observed during three day heat wave period with the doubling vegetation coverage scenario. This effort would help both public and government level for better urban development and environmental planning in the future.
Bilingual Word Embedding: A Survey from Supervised to Unsupervised

Word embedding is the basis of neural network based nature language processing (NLP) tasks. As monolingual word embedding has been widely used in many languages (Mikolov et al., 2013a), similarities among different languages were exploited by Mikolov et al. (2013b). The similarity between words in two or more languages can be represented by the correlation between word embedding. Bilingual word embedding (BWE) is to mapp the relationship between different monolingual word embeddings. Recently, several works show that BWE can be learn without bilingual supervision (Zhang et al., 2017a; Artetxe et al., 2018b). In this paper, we survey the BWE from supervised methods to unsupervised methods: supervised BWE methods that need a large training dictionary, semi-supervised BWE methods that need a small seed dictionary or only parallel corpus, unsupervised BWE methods.
Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model – Part 2: Combining deforestation control with carbon capture and storage technologies

This study uses the global climate–economy–biosphere (CoCEB) model formulated in Part 1 to investigate economic aspects of deforestation control and carbon sequestration in forests, as well as the efficiency of carbon capture and 15 storage (CCS) technologies as policy measures for climate change mitigation. We assume — as in Part 1 — that replacement of one technology with another occurs in terms of a logistic law, so that the same law also governs the dynamics of reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission using CCS technologies. In order to take into account the effect of deforestation control, a slightly more complex description of the carbon cycle than in Part 1 is needed. Consequently, we add a biomass equation into the CoCEB model and analyze the ensuing feedbacks and their effects on per capita gross domestic product (GDP) 20 growth. The paper indicates that an increased investment in CCS will not suffice to reduce CO2 emissions, and that a reduction of deforestation would be as effective as investment in lowand zero-carbon or CCS technologies for reducing climate damage. This study also demonstrates that a combined mitigation regime — investment in low-carbon and CCS technologies, as well as deforestation control— enables the most ambitious climate policy scenario considered here to limit warming throughout the 21st century to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels without a temporal overshoot, as well as 25 reduces impacts to the global per capita GDP by 21.8 % by 2100 relative to the “business-as-usual” pathway which reaches 4.9 °C.
Introduction (The Global Competition for Talent: Mobility of the Highly Skilled)

This chapter sets the scene for the discussion of the mobility of the highly skilled workforce and for the policy issues arising from an increasing trend in this area. LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi. org/10.1787/9789264047754-3-en Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: human resources in science and technology [2] international students [3] global competition [4] international collaboration [5] policy coherence [6] foreign student [7] tertiary education [8] brain circulation [9] doctoral graduate [10] labour market [11] migration [12] distributed innovation [13] foreign direct investment [14] talent [15] policy agenda [16] Parent URL: http://dx.doi. org/10.1787/9789264047754-en [17]
Urbanization, Diet Change, and Transformation of the Downstream and Midstream of the Agrifood System: Effects on the Poor in Africa and Asia

In Africa and Asia, agrifood markets are important to the poor, and current rapid changes in these markets have implications for the poor. First, as a share of the national market, urban markets have gone from marginal some decades ago to dominant today. Thus the urban market is a main food product market the poor face as sellers. Second, the poor are exposed to the product market often as net buyers of products (both from local sources but also increasingly from urban sources of processed foods and fresh products re-“exported” from urban to rural markets). Third, the poor are also very exposed to labor markets as sellers of labor—both to Authors’ note: An earlier version of this paper was presented at the conary 5-7, 2015. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from USAID through the Agrifood Systems Component (C4) of the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy. Views expressed are entirely those of the authors and do not represent the position of USAID. Corresponding author: reardon@anr.msu. edu. Faith & Economics • Number 66 • Fall 2015 • Pages 43–63 44 FAITH & ECONOMICS the rural nonfarm and the urban labor markets. Fourth, the product market has transformed from mainly a grain market some decades ago to a edible oils. There is a chance for the poor to gain from this shift toward higher-value non-staples as farmers, and as workers since the employment multipliers are high from non-grains. Fifth, agrifood markets are also transforming structurally. Supply chains are getting geographically longer with urbanization, and developing (with a proliferation of SMEs in the early stages) and consolidating (with the emergence of supermarkets and large processors in the more advanced stages). This may lower food costs for the urban poor and increase the scope and volume of the urban market for rural suppliers. In sum, urbanization, diet change, and food system transformation all offer opportunities for the poor as suppliers of labor and products and sellers of labor. But accessing these opportunities requires “threshold investments” in human, physical or locational assets by the poor to seize these opportunities. The requirements can be geographic (hence geographic poverty traps) and micro (skills, productive assets). JEL Codes: 012, 013, Q12, Q13.
The Impact of the Entrepreneur and Firm Related Factors on Small and Medium Enterprise Sales Growth

Received 20 April 2020 Accepted 28 May 2020 Purpose: In nowadays economy, the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is continually increasing as they represent the primary source of employment, economic development, poverty alleviation, new product development, and innovations. The SMEs' growth depends mostly upon its internal factors like the entrepreneur related factors and firm related factors. The main objective of this research is to explore how these internal factors influence SMEs' sales growth. Design/methodology/approach: For our research purpose, we have used a sample of 600 business owners of SMEs across Kosovo, and the multivariate regression analysis is developed to test the four hypotheses that we have set. Findings: In our research, we did not find any significant statistical relation for the positive effect of the entrepreneur's education on SMEs' sales growth. We found negative support to our hypothesis: Female Entrepreneurs will be positively related to SMEs' sales growth. Our research results indicate that variable Business age have an impact on the firm's sales, whereas, regarding the firm size, our results indicate that the bigger is the number of employees within a firm, the firm will experience the higher sales growth. Research implications: Based on our research results, we suggest that entrepreneurs should attend long-term and high quality training considering their positive effects on the firms' growth, whereas female entrepreneurs and managers should improve their management and business skills, cash flow and, technical skills and create sustainable networks. Originality/value: This paper will contribute to existing theory by filling the gap in the literature on the impact of the entrepreneur and firm related factors on small and medium enterprise growth with empirical evidence from a unique transitional country. JEL Classifications L25, L26
Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques for Classiﬁcation of Information Types on Twitter

In this paper, we compare various machine learning techniques to classify different types of information appearing on Twitter, with the aim of implementation in information triage during disasters. We assume that people seek different types of information right after a disaster event and sometime later. We base our approach on a preliminary study classifying the information on Twitter into three general types: Primary Information (ﬁrst-hand reports), Secondary Information (second-hand reports, such as retweets), and Sesquiary Information (opinions, etc.). We compare a number of classiﬁers, including the proposed one based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.
Interglacials of the last 800 , 000 years

Interglacials, including the present (Holocene) period, are warm, low land ice extent (high sea level), end-members of glacial cycles. Based on a sea level definition, we identify eleven interglacials in the last 800,000 years, a result that is robust to alternative definitions. Data compilations suggest that despite spatial heterogeneity, Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5e (last interglacial) and 11c (~400 ka ago) were globally strong (warm), while MIS 13a (~500 ka ago) was cool at many locations. A step change in strength of interglacials at 450 ka is apparent only in atmospheric CO2 and in Antarctic and deep ocean temperature. The onset of an interglacial (glacial termination) seems to require a reducing precession parameter (increasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation), but this condition alone is insufficient. Terminations involve rapid, nonlinear, reactions of ice volume, CO2, and temperature to external astronomical forcing. The precise timing of events may be modulated by millennial-scale climate change that can lead to a contrasting timing of maximum interglacial intensity in each hemisphere. A variety of temporal trends is observed, such thatmaxima in themain records are observed either early or late in different interglacials. The end of an interglacial (glacial inception) is a slower process involving a global sequence of changes. Interglacials have been typically 10–30 ka long. The combination of minimal reduction in northern summer insolation over the next few orbital cycles, owing to low eccentricity, and high atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations implies that the next glacial inception is many tens of millennia in the future.
Can collective bargaining help close the gender wage gap for women in non-standard jobs?

 Women in temporary and part-time jobs face substantial gender wage gaps. Collective bargaining has the potential to close gender wage gaps through four instruments: 1. targeted raises compensating for the concentration of women in low-paid industries; 2. gender-neutral occupational classification schemes to correct the undervaluation of female-dominated occupations; 3. measures promoting pay transparency, against wage discrimination (including in discretionary pay); 4. gender-neutral evaluation criteria for career progress.
Multivariate Models for Decoding Hearing Impairment using EEG Gamma-Band Power Spectral Density

Speech-in-noise (SIN) comprehension decreases with age, and these declines have been related to social isolation, depression, and dementia in the elderly. In this work, we build models to distinguish the normal hearing (NH) or mild hearing impairment (HI) using the different genres of machine learning. We compute band wise power spectral density (PSD) of source- derived EEGs as features in building models using support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and AdaBoost classifiers and compare their performance while listeners perceived clear or noise-degraded sounds. Combining all frequency bands features obtained from the whole-brain, the SVM registered the best performance. The group classification accuracy was found to be 94.90% [area under the curve (AUC) 94.75%; F1-score 95.00%] perceived the clear speech, and for noise- degraded speech perception, accuracy was found to be 92.52% (AUC 91.12%, and F1-score 93.00%). Remarkably, individual frequency band analysis on whole-brain data showed that γ frequency band segregated groups with a best accuracy of 96.78%, AUC 96.79% for clear speech data and noise-degraded speech data yielded slightly less accuracy of 93.62% with AUC 93.17% by using SVM. A separate analysis using the left hemisphere (LH) and right hemisphere (RH) data showed that the LH activity is a better predictor of groups compared to RH. These results are consistent with the dominance of LH in auditory-linguistic processing. Our results demonstrate that spectral features of the γ-band frequency could be used to differentiate NH and HI older adults in terms of their ability to process speech sounds. These findings would be useful to model attentional and listening assistive devices to amplify a more specific pitch than others.
OPTIMAL RESERVOIR OPERATION FOR HYDROPOWER GENERATION USING DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM

The reservoirs in India not only play a significant role in irrigation but also in power production. Hydropower reservoirs are very vital in supplying the high valued peak loads. However, hydropower reservoirs are often under constant scrutiny for diverting large quantity of water for power production, if the power production is not an incidental leading to conflict of interest. Hence, it is important to utilize the available water optimally among different purposes so that the multi-sectoral demands are satisfied. Optimizing a large-scale water resources system requires systematic study and the development of system analysis techniques, particularly soft computing techniques helps to achieve global optimum solution. In the present study, the Koyna hydropower reservoir in India is optimized for maximizing the power generation satisfying the monthly irrigation demands. The peculiar constraint of the system is the location of the powerhouses at different levels with different capacities and in the opposite direction of irrigation release. Thus, there is a need to optimally allocate the water to each powerhouse in addition to satisfying the irrigation demands. The Koyna reservoir operations are optimized using differential evolution (DE) algorithm for three different inflow conditions, representing wet, normal and dry scenarios. The results show that the power production from the system could be increased substantially besides meeting the irrigation demands. This study also shows that the differential evolution algorithm can be used for optimizing large-scale complex water resources systems.
AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A CALIBRATED MACROECONOMIC MODEL FOR THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC : A CLOSER LOOK INTO MONETARY POLICY

The aim of this paper is to quantify the effects of an unanticipated monetary policy shock in key macroeconomic variables for the Dominican Republic. The modelling framework in the paper is based on Del Negro and Schorfheide (2004) DSGE-VAR procedure. The procedure allows the addition of theory to empirical models, characterized by a high degree of data fit. Given that the Dominican Republic’s key economic variables time series have a relative short span; this procedure represents a more suitable framework for monetary policy macroeconomic modelling as it incorporates policymaker's initial belief to the observed data. The results are aligned with macroeconomic theory and with previous empirical papers for the Dominican Republic that measure the impact of a monetary policy shock in output growth and in inflation. JEL Classification: C32, C51, C53, C54, C61, E52.
Incarceration and Labor Markets: A Macroeconomic Analysis

Between 1980 and 2005, the incarceration rate in the United States increased fourfold. At this level, 6.6% of the population will be imprisoned for a year or more during their lifetime. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of increased incarceration rates on all actors in labor markets: criminals, non-criminals, and employers. To do so, we expand a search and matching model to include incarceration. Incarceration has two direct effects: (1) it interrupts employment relationships; and (2) it deteriorates human capital. We estimate the model by indirect inference using variation in incarceration rates across demographic groups. Simulating our model will allow us to measure the effect incarceration has had on broad labor market trends and to predict future effects for different policy scenarios.