Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1H-MRS evaluation of the Phosphocreatine-Creatine (PCr/Cr) pool in human muscle

Phosphocreatine (PCr) has been shown to effectively buffer ATP levels at high work rates in skeletal muscles. Our main goal was to assess whether or not the pool of PCr and Cr (Crtot) is the same in different metabolic states. Twelve healthy power trained (PWR) athletes (V02max 48 ± 1.9 ml/kg/min) and 12 healthy endurance trained (END) athletes (V02max 69.9 ± 1.5 ml/kg/min) completed a plantar flexion of the right foot against an increasing load until volitional fatigue. This was performed while lying supine in a 3 Tesla superconducting magnet with the gastrocnemius medialis (m. gastrocnemius), centered in a circumscribing coil. Total work production was calculated for the entire activity. Immediately following exhaustion a pressure cuff was inflated for 5 min (>350 mmHg superior to the knee) to allow collection of spectra prior to PCr resynthesis. A PRESS (Point Resolved Spectroscopy) sequence was used to resolve the ^H-visible Cr/PCr peak (3.02 ppm) during rest and ischemic fatigue. Standardized echo time (TE) of 100ms for 164 averages was used in collecting data from a 4.5 cm? volume of interest (VOI) in the m. gastrocnemius. Upon removal of the cuff, recovery of Crtot was assessed for 10 min. Comparisons of rest vs. ischemic fatigue states in both groups indicated at least a 140% increase in the iH-MRS visible pool of Crtot • After 10 min of recovery the Crtot pool returned to within 27% of its resting state. These results suggest that there is a separate pool of Cr in the muscle which may be unavailable to creatine kinase until the onset of intense exercise. It is interesting to note that while both the transverse relaxation time (T2) for Crtot and the choline/carnitine/taurine peak (3.1 ppm) decreased by 65% and 26% respectively, the T2 of water was unchanged.
A Polymorphism at Position +874 in The IFN-γ Gene is Associated with Susceptibility for Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The etiology of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is largely unknown. One hypothesis is that immunological factors are responsible for disease development. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at position +874 of the IFN-γ gene and at position -168 of the MHC2TA gene have previously been shown to associate with infl ammatory and autoimmune disorders. We analysed their possible infl uence on susceptibility and prognosis in patients with DCM. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR in 442 patients and 425 controls. Genotype frequencies were found signifi cantly different between patients and controls for IFN-γ (p=0.029), but not for MHC2TA (p=0.26). In a logistic regression analysis, the high producing TT genotype of IFN-γ was signfi cantly more common in patients than controls (OR 1.55 [1.12-2.15], p=0.009). None of the polymorphisms had an infl uence on long-term outcome, 10-years mortality with a HR of 0.94 (p=0.74) and 0.85 (p=0.30), IFN-γ and MHC2TA, respectively. A 50% higher risk to develop DCM for individuals with the TT genotype of the IFN- gene is a new finding and emphasize the role of IFN- in DCM pathology.
Effect of the Lichen Chemicals Atranorin and Vulpinic Acid upon Feeding and Growth of Larvae of the Yellow-striped Armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli

Solutions of atranorin and vulpinic acid, chemicals occurring in the wolf lichen Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue and other lichens, were coated onto leaves of broccoli Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck. Feeding by larvae of the polyphagous yellow-striped armyworm Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenee in choice tests was reduced on vulpinic acid coated leaves. Growth was slowed on atranorin coated leaves in a no-choice situation in comparison to larvae feeding on control (isopropanol coated) leaves. That these chemicals were effective at the low concentrations used (atranorin <0.03% and vulpinic acid <0.6% of leaf dry weight) and yet naturally occur at much higher concentrations (atranorin approaches 1% and vulpinic acid approaches 6% dry weight) indicates they may be potent antiherbivore compounds responsible in part for the apparently low herbivore pressure upon lichens containing them.
Des phénomènes karstiques dans une des régions les plus arides du Globe: le désert d'Atacama, au nord du Chili

Des observations de geomorphologie karstique affectant un affleurement de sel (halite) dans la Cordillera de la Sal, dans l'Atacama, au nord du Chili, sont presentees. Elles semblent incoherentes au vu de la pluviometrie actuelle. Il semble que ces phenomenes ont ete engendres lors d'une periode plus humide.
Seed Distribution by Waterfowl in Southwestern Louisiana

The relationship of waterfowl to the distribution of weed seed in rice fields of southwestern Louisiana was evaluated by examining the large intestines of hunter-killed waterfowl and by using controlled seed-feeding experiments to determine if viable seed pass through the digestive system. In the large intestines of 51 hunter-killed waterfowl of 7 species, 1,157 intact seed of 17 plant species were found. Only 2.5 percent of those seed germinated under laboratory conditions. The seed of 6 plant species were fed to 3 species of ducks and considerable variation was noted in degree of seed digestion. The germination rate of voided seed varied among plant species and in most cases was less than the control
On the application of the richardson criterion to large ‐ scale turbulence in the free atmosphere

A brief report on an investigation into the relationship between the wind shear and the static stability of the air in the layer immediately below the tropopause was presented to the Meteorological Research Committee in October 1942 (Swinbank, M.R.P. 51, unpublished). In the course of the ensuing discussion, members of the M.R. C. suggested that the investigation should be extended to cover the entire troposphere. This has been done particularly with a view to finding empirical relationships between stability and wind shear and comparing these with the results obtained by applying the Richardson criterion to actual observations. A further demand for investigating this problem arose in connection with an investigation of the turbulence conditions that obtain near the tropopause. In the present investigation use has been made of the reports from the British radio-sonde stations for the period December 1942 to March 1943. The accuracy of the D/F method of determining the wind in the free atmosphere depends to a large extent upon the geometry of each case, and a tolerance figure is allotted to each observation assessing the accuracy. Only reports of the highest degree of accuracy (i.e. vector errors less than 5 km/hour) have been used in this investigation. In all, 1,556 simultaneous observations of lapse rate and wind shear have been investigated. The observations have been grouped according to levels, and the results are illustrated in 12 diagrams in which lapse rate is the abscissa and wind shear the ordinate. The diagrams contain also the limiting curve between decrease and increase in turbulence as computed from Richardson's criterion. Since wind observations are made at intervals of 50 millibars, the diagrams represent the observed relationship between the mean wind shear and the mean lapse rate through layers of 50 mb. depth. The limiting curve in these diagrams would then represent the limit between the conditions that determine decrease and increase in the large-scale turbulence of the atmosphere. The diagrams show that, with very few exceptions, for any degree of stability the observed wind shear is less than that required by Richardson's theory to cause the turbulence to increase. If the assumptions underlying the theory were correct and applicable to large-scale turbulence, the diagrams would indicate that large-scale turbulence almost invariably tends to decrease. Since this result appears improbable, it is shown that agreement between theory and observation can be obtained by dropping one of the assumptions made by Richardson; namely, that the coefficient.
Comparison of the effectiveness of a metaphylactic treatment with oxytetracycline and tilmicosin on bovine respiratory disease in feed lot calves.

The present study has evaluated the efficacy of a metaphylactic treatment with oxytetracycline and tilmicosin on bovine respiratory disease. Animals, 1473 calves weighting 92 to 155 kg, were randomly divided into three groups. One of the groups received oxytetracycline at a dose rate of 40 mg/kg, the second tilmicosin at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg and the remaining not treatment (control group). The amount of diseased animals was significantly (p<0.05) lower on groups receiving metaphylactic treatment. Statistically significant differences were not observed between oxytetracycline and timicosin treated groups. From the economic point of view, the cost of the metaphylactic treatment with oxytetracycline was lower than with tilmicosin (0.89 and 2.76 U$S/100 kg, respectively). However, administration of oxytetracycline, due to the large volumes required that lead to multiple injections, was more complex.
Establishment of real-time quantitative PCR for detection of Escherichia coli O157∶H7

To establish a real-time quantitative PCR for detection of Escherichia coli O157∶H7,the Flic(H7) genes from E.coli O157∶H7 in GenBank were aligned and a pair of specific primers was designed from the conserved sequences.The reactive conditions were optimized to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the assay.The results showed that the sensitivity of this assay was 10 times higher than PCR and the detection limit was 103CFU/mL.This assay had good reproducibility and higher specificity.The coefficients of variations in reproducibility test were less than 2%. Specificity test confirmed that this assay could distinguish E.coli O157∶H7 from the other serotypes of E.coli,Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis.Using this assay to quantitatively detect the mimical samples,the quantitative result was agreed with that of bacterial plate count.This real-time quantitative PCR assay might be used as a powerful tool for the rapid detection of E.coli O157∶H7.
The role of DEAD box motifs in the restriction of DNA by EcoKI

EcoKJ cuts or modifies DNA according to the methylation states of specific adenine residues in its target recognition site. If these residues are unmethylated the DNA is cut, often thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. Communication between EcoKI bound to the recognition site and the cleavage site occurs by DNA translocation, which is driven by ATP hydrolysis. The amino acid sequence of the subunit required for restriction contains seven motifs that are conserved in the DEAD box family of proteins. This family is a subgroup of the superfamily of DNA and RNA helicases. Previous studies on DEAD box proteins have found these motifs are involved in the ATPase and helicase activities of these proteins. To assess the importance of the DEAD box motifs in the restriction of DNA by EcoKI, amino acid residues in each of the seven motifs were changed and the effects of these substitutions on restriction phenotype were investigated. Eight proteins, each containing a different amino acid substitution were purified and the DNA binding abilities, nuclease activities and ATPase activities of the proteins were studied. All changes had an effect on restriction except those changes in motif IV. Motif IV was defined prior to the discovery of a frame-shift in the hsdR DNA sequence and these results suggest motif IV has been incorrectly identified. An A619G substitution in motif III slightly impaired restriction, but other substitutions at this position (A619D and A619V) abolished restriction. All other changes prevented any DNA restriction. The nuclease assays with the purified proteins confirmed the in vivo results. None of the available evidence indicates that the amino acid substitutions prevent interaction with ATP. The protein with a D577H substitution in motif II showed a reduced DNA binding ability, none of the other changes investigated affected DNA binding. The amino acid substitutions A619G and F730S, which showed some in vivo DNA restriction activity, showed wild-type levels of ATPase activity. ATPase activity was not detected with proteins containing changes that abolished restriction, but was observed for the protein with a D502Y substitution in motif Ta, which showed a reduced but significant level of ATPase activity. These results show that the sequences in HsdR identified as DEAD box motifs have an important role in restriction by EcoKI, particularly in the ATPase activity predicted to be necessary for the translocation of DNA that precedes the endonucleolytic activity of the enzyme.
Food restriction affects circadian and photoperiodic response in black-headed munia (Lonchura malacca malacca)

Abstract We determined the effect of food restriction on locomotor activity pattern and gonadal growth on black-headed munia (Lonchura malacca malacca) exposed to12L:12D light–dark cycle. Two groups of male and female munia (n = 5 pairs each) were exposed to 12L:12D (L = 265 lux; D = 0.3 lux) for day 1–7. On day 8, group one received 4 h food (ZT 0–4; ZT 0 = Zeitgeber time, light onset) and group two received food ad libitum (ZT 0–24 h). Locomotor activity pattern and gonadal growth were recorded over the experiment period of one year. Birds were highly active in group one, with a high daily and total activity. However, activity behavior was fully synchronized with light onset in the group two, when food was available ad libitum. Gonadal maturation was initiated in both the groups but the maturation of testis and ovarian follicle was noticed only in group two (food ad libitum). It appears that food restriction affects the locomotor activity and gonadal growth in black-headed munia.
Analysis and evaluation of resistance in wheat idioplasm to wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana)

The wheat idioplasm resistance to wheat blossom midge was evaluated (Sitodiplosis mosellana) in the simulate insect gardern.The results indicated that the resistance of 78 wheat idioplasms were significantly different.The highly resistant,middle resistant,low resistant and susceptible varieties were 11.54%,23.08%,19.23% and 46.15%. The different wheat idioplasms had plenty difference in the insect numbers,fringe rate of injury,seed rate of injury,and index of resistance.The discriminant function model and regression equation were founded.The right percentage of classification result of those models was (95.45%). There were 9 highly resistant wheat idioplasms to be used as improved idioplasms in resistant breeding.
A stable and robust method to identify modules of functionally coherent genes

Complex cellular functions are carried out by the coordinated activity of networks of genes and gene products. In order to understand mechanisms of disease and disease pathogenesis, it is crucial to develop an understanding of these complex interactions. Microarrays provide the potential to explore large scale cellular networks by measuring the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. The purpose of our project is to develop a stable and robust method that can identify, from such gene expression data, modules of genes that are involved in a common functional role. These modules can be used as a first step in systems scale analyses to extract valuable information from various gene expression studies. Our method constructs modules by identifying genes that are co-expressed across many diseases. We use peripheral blood microarray samples from patients having one of several diseases and cluster the genes in each disease group separately. We then identify genes that cluster together across all disease groups to construct our modules. We first use our method to construct baseline peripheral blood modules relevant to the lung using 5 groups of peripheral blood microarray samples that were collected as controls for separate studies. An enrichment analysis using gene sets from a number of pathway and ontology databases reveals the biological significance of our modules. We utilize our background modules by doing an enrichment analysis on a list of genes that were differentially expressed in a COPD case vs. control study and identify modules that are enriched in that list. Although a similar approach has been used to identify modules of genes that are coordinately expressed across multiple conditions, we show that our method is an improvement as it is robust to the order in which the different disease datasets are
Biosynthesis, regulation and properties of plant monoterpenoids

Monoterpenes are a big family of natural products which are well-known as the constituents of the essential oils and defensive oleoresins of the aromatic plants. In addition to ecological roles in pollinator attraction, allelopathy and the plant defense, monoterpenes are used extensively in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Monoterpenes are widely spread in plants, from algae and fungi to monocots and dicots. The production of monoterpenes is usually associated with plastids in the plant cells. The biosynthesis pathways of monoterpenes include the synthesis of C5 precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). All the levels of monoterpenes are thought to be principally controlled transcriptionally and post transcriptionally. In addition, in response to biotic and abiotic factors, the biosynthesis process of the monoterpenoid in the plants can be spatially and temporally regulated during the development phase. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in biosynthetic pathway, metabolism regulation, medicinal properties and ecological roles of the monoterpenoids. Key words: MEP pathway, ecological roles, medicinal properties, metabolism regulation, monoterpenes.
Effect of algae supplemented diet on serum and body constituents of cultured yellow tail.

The effect of algae as feed supplementary was determined on yellow tail Seriola quinqueradiata in terms of serological parameters and proximate composition of the dorsal muscle. Fish of 144g in body weight were reared for 60 days in floating nets. Control group was fed on sand lance Ammodytes personatus.One percent of hot water-extract from Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorella-extract group) or 0.5% of kelp Laminaria digitata (kelp meal group) was supplemented to the above basal diet (sand lance). The supplementaries had no effect on body weight gain or feed conversion efficiency. The kelp meal depressed the lipid, non-protein nitrogen, and amino nitrogen levels in the serum, and elevated the muscle lipid level. Chlorella-extract, however, did not cause significant alteration in serum constituents and proximate composition of the muscle.After 60 days of feeding, the fish were kept in indoor tanks without feeding for 23 days. Body weight loss was not significantly distinct among the 3 groups. Nevertheless, the serum lipid and nonesterified fatty acid levels were characteristically changed under the starvation period in response to the dietary regimen. The muscle lipid loss was higher in the kelp meal group than the control group. Furthermore, the suppression of breakdown of muscle protein was found in the Chlorella-extract group and the kelp meal group.These results showed that the kelp meal contributed to accelerate the lipid deposition to the muscle and to mobilize the lipid to energy. The importance of algae supplement in yellow tail, was discussed in relation to improvement of lipid metabolism which had a close connection with the health condition of the fish.
Older Adults and Physical Activity

Ageing is a process which affects many systems in the organism. A decrease is observed in physical fitness and endurance developing as a result of these. The benefits of physical activities in the elderly are said to be ensuring good health, securing functional independence and improving the quality of life. In this study, the effects of aging on the organism, physical activities in the elderly and advantages of physical activities and methods for evaluating physical activities in the elderly have been mentioned. Key Words: Elderly, Physical activity, Exercise
Population ecology and microhabitat distribution of Dipteryx panamensis, a neotropical rain forest emergent tree

We report data on population structure, growth, mortality, and distribution among microhabitats of Dipteryx panamensis (Papilionoideae), an emergent tree of tropical wet forest at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We studied all seedlings (1980 cohort) on a 1-ha plot from 7 months to 5 yr post-germination. Population structure was determined by complete inventory of non-seedlings on a 4-ha plot. Growth, microsite distribution, and 2-yr survivorship were measured for individuals obtained by systematic searches of > 150 ha of primary forest (="extensive sample"). At 7 mo post-germination, 147 seedlings remained on the 1-ha plot; only two were in gaps (sensu Brokaw 1982). The 4-ha population averaged two individuals/ha >300 mm in diameter, but included only one tree 100-300 mm in diameter. In the extensive sample, the 117 individuals >300 mm in diameter showed a continuous distribution of diameters. Seedling mortality was 97 percent from 7 mo to 5 yr post-germination. Rates of mortality decreased with increasing diameter; 104 of 105 individuals 100 mm in diameter survived 2 yr. Diameter growth of individuals c 10 mm in diameter averaged < 1 mm/yr, while individuals 100-700 mm in diameter averaged 5-8 mm/yr. Diameter growth was positively correlated with crown position (Dawkins and Field 1978) for individuals c 100 mm in diameter. Both diameter growth and height growth were higher in building-phase forest than under mature forest canopy. In the extensive sample, only one of 93 trees c300 mm in diameter was in a gap. All but one juvenile c 100 mm in diameter (N = 83) had at least one crown of another plant above it, and most crowns were lit from the side, not from overhead. Five of the six Dipteryx 100-300 mm in diameter had vertically lit crowns. The continuous distribution of adult diameters and relatively rapid growth of large juveniles and small adults indicate that Dipteryx is regenerating in situ, and is therefore not a relict of past regional disturbance, as has been hypothesized for some emergents. Long-term measurements of juvenile growth and survival in relation to microhabitat are necessary to adequately describe the regeneration of tropical rain forest trees.
Relationship between Net Photosynthetic Rate and Leaf Life Span of Six Submerged Plants in Experimental Ponds.

Net photosynthetic rate and leaf life span were measured in six submerged plants, Potamogeton crispus L. , P. malaianus Miq. , Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray, Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle, Egeria densa Planch. , and Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John, growing in a nutrient-rich experimental pond. A negative correlation between net photosynthetic rate and leaf life span is observed among submerged and floating-leaved plant species as well as for trees among diverse terrestrial ecosystems. Differences in net photosynthetic rate and leaf life span of the submerged plants should be related to differences in the light condition of habitats and life history strategy.