Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Printing as an Alternative Manufacturing Process for Printed Circuit Boards

The use of printing techniques as a manufacturing process for physical products is well established in the form of 3D rapid prototyping printing systems. Additive methods of manufacturing of this form are being considered as environmentally friendly as less material is wasted and the number of processes needed for the finished product is reduced. Printed manufacturing is also being established in the electronics industries as conductive inks and electrical conductive adhesives have been developed (Gomatam & Mittal 2008). This has allowed for the creation of printed circuit boards, on various substrates using screen printing methods and developments towards the use of desktop printing for circuit design (Ryan & Lewis 2007). Coupled with this, a range of printing methods can now be used to produce components such as transistors, diodes, sensors and RFID tags, and batteries (www.plasticelectronics.org 2009). Mass printing processes fall into approximately 6 main types (Table 1), with the properties of each analysed in Table 2. All of the processes excluding inkjet printing require some form of stencil or impression plate on which the required pattern is formed. Ink is either forced through the stencil in the case of screen printing, or is held within the impression plate for other processes. The ink is deposited onto the substrate surface when the impression plate and substrate come into contact. The means of inking the plates vary depending on the process. Printing systems offer high resolution and speeds, and are thus suited to Mass manufacture. The resolution of the patterns formed depend on the process and the substrate, with roller based systems being able to repeatedly print lines at 50μm, screen printing to approximately 75μm, and pad printing to 10μm. The speed of printing ranges from 50 m/min to 250m/min using the roller based lithography, rotogravure and flexography methods, with screen, pad and inkjet printing up to 75K units an hour on high speed machines. Printing processes by their very nature apply thin layers of ink/resin onto a substrate (16 microns) (Raghu et al 2008), which can be built up to form the required shape or pattern. This inherently involves the over printing of existing patterns to develop the required thicknesses. Hence two problems occur, the alignment of the substrate for subsequent printing, and the amount of time required to continually over print to get a defined thickness. For rapid prototype systems, the alignment is held by keeping the component in
Anti-inflammatory principles of cultivated Pycnoporus sanguineus

Pycnoporus sanguineus is a parasitic fungus found on dead broadleaf trees and used as a nutraceuticals and functional food. LPS-induced NO production in a mouse microglial cell line, BV-2 cells was used as inflammatory model to screen neuro-protective compounds from the cultivated mycelia of P. sanguineus. Bioassay-guided fractionation was led to the isolation of four ergostane skeleton type steroids, including ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (1), 3β,5α-dihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (2), 3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (3), and 3β,5α,6α-trihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-diene (4) from mycelia of cultivated P. sanguineus. Among that, compounds 2, 3, and 4 were newly isolated in this species. Compound 1 showed significantly inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 cells, at a concentration of 15 μM in the value of 43.5%.
Simulation study of the non-collocated control of a cantilever beam

This article deals with the simulation of the active vibration control of a cantilever beam. For these purposes, a lumped parameter model has been developed and the simplest controller has been designed to ensure the structural stability of the control loop. The controller is of a proportional velocity feedback type. The control loop can also be stable in the case of a very small inherent damping of the cantilever beam. The lumped-parameter model is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The developed tools can be used to simulate the collocated and non-collocated active vibration control. Since this article is intended to study the behaviour of a non-collocated control system of the transducer is sensing the vibration of the free end of the beam, while the actuator force acts near the fixed end.
A theorem of completeness for families of compact analytic spaces

A sufficient condition is given for a family of compact analytic spaces to be complete. This condition generalizes to analytic spaces the Theorem of Completeness of Kodaira and Spencer [6]. It contains, as a special case, the rigidity theorem proved by Schuster in [11]. Introduction. If X is a family of deformations of a compact complex manifold, XO, parametrized by a germ of complex manifold, (S, 0), Kodaira and Spencer have proved in [6] that X contains all small deformations of XO (i.e. is (locally) complete) provided that the Kodaira-Spencer map po: To(S) -? H'(Xo, ? o) is surjective. This condition is equivalent to the statement that X contains all deformations of XO parametrized by the analytic space, D, whose underlying topological space is a point, and whose structure sheaf is the ring of dual numbers. The paper [6] appeared before Kuranishi's Completeness Theorem [7], [8]. A very simple proof can be given of the Kodaira-Spencer Theorem if we use Kuranishi's result. We give this proof in ? 1. If XO has singularities, it is quite plausible that an analog of the Kuranishi space exists; but, at the moment, no proof exists. A formal analog of the Kuranishi space can be shown to exist, however. In this paper we will prove a generalization of some results of Artin [1] which will allow us to prove the completeness theorem using this formal analog. The Theorem of Completeness is useful in answvering questions of whether a certain property of XO is shared by all small deformations of XO-for it allows one to recognize that a family of spaces having the special property is complete. We have used the theorem in this way in our paper [13]. Some applications are given in ? 4. I am indebted to Michael Artin for a sketch of the proof of Theorem 2.2. 1. Quasi-representable functors. By a family of compact complex analytic spaces, we mean a pair of analytic spaces X, S together with a flat, proper morphism T: X-* S. If XO is a given compact analytic space, a family of deformations of XO is a family, (X, r, S), of compact spaces together with a distinguished point so E S Received by the editors December 8, 1970. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 3247; Secondary 1810.
Effects of Various Deicing Chemicals on Pavement Concrete Deterioration

The deleterious effects of deicers on concrete pavements and bridges have concerned concrete researchers for several decades. The present study experimentally investigates the effects of different deicers on concrete deterioration. Laboratory simulations of environmental conditions (wet/dry and freeze/thaw cycling) were conducted on highway concrete samples with various deicer chemicals (NaCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) of 5 different Ca/Mg ratios, Ca-acetate, and Mg-acetate). Each deicer produced characteristic effects on the concrete samples by physically and chemically altering the dolomite coarse aggregate, the dolomite coarse aggregate-paste interface, and cement paste. Chloride solutions commonly promoted decalcification of paste and altered ettringite to chloroaluminate. Magnesium-bearing deicer solutions (e.g., CMA, Mg-acetate and MgCl 2 ) caused severe paste deterioration by forming brucite and noncementitious magnesium silicate hydrate. For acetate solutions, the effects caused by Ca-acetate on concrete deterioration was much less severe than those caused by Mg-bearing acetates. For the experimental conditions utilized herein, NaCl solution was the least deleterious to the cement paste and aggregate.
In Vitro , Free radical scavenging activity of Cordia rothi bark

This investigation was under taken to evaluate methanolic and butanol extracts of Cordia rothi bark for possible of natural antioxidant potential. This was done by different spectroscopic method. The extracts were evaluated for their phenolic content, ferrous reducing power & scavenging activity. Phenolic content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent & was calculated as gallic acid equivalents. Antiradical activity of both extract was measured by 1, 1, diphenyl-2, picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay & was compared to ascorbic acid and ferric reducing power of the extract was evaluated by Oyaizu et al. In the present study three in vitro models were used for evaluate of antioxidant activity. The second methods was for direct measurement of radical scavenging activity & remaining one method evaluated the reducing power. The present study revealed the C. rothi bark has significant radical scavenging activity.
UNDERWATER NOISE OF WHALE‐WATCHING BOATS AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA), BASED ON AN ACOUSTIC IMPACT MODEL

Underwater noise of whale-watching boats was recorded in the popular killer whale-watching region of southern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State. A software sound propagation and impact assessment model was applied to estimate zones around whale-watching boats where boat noise was audible to killer whales, where it interfered with their communication, where it caused behavioral avoidance, and where it possibly caused hearing loss. Boat source levels ranged from 145 to 169 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m, increasing with speed. The noise of fast boats was modeled to be audible to killer whales over 16 km, to mask killer whale calls over 14 km, to elicit a behavioral response over 200 m, and to cause a temporary threshold shift (TTS) in hearing of 5 dB after 30-50 min within 450 m. For boats cruising at slow speeds, the predicted ranges were 1 km for audibility and masking, 50 m for behavioral responses, and 20 m for TTS. Superposed noise levels of a number of boats circulating around or following the whales were close to the critical level assumed to cause a permanent hearing loss over prolonged exposure. These data should be useful in developing whale-watching regulations. This study also gave lower estimates of killer whale call source levels of 105-124 dB re 1 μPa.
Iris Recognition in the Visible Wavelength : Issues and Trends

The human iris supports contactless data acquisition and can be imaged covertly. Thus, at least theoretically, the subsequent biometric recognition procedure can be performed without subjects’ knowledge. The feasibility of this type of recognition has received increasing attention and is of particular interest for forensic and security purposes, such as the pursuit of criminals and terrorists and the search for missing children. Among others, one active research area sought to use visible wavelength (VW) light imagery to acquire data at significantly larger distances than usual and on moving subjects, which is a difficult task because this real-world data is notoriously different from the one used in the near infra-red (NIR) setup. This chapter addresses the feasibility of performing reliable biometric recognition using VW data acquired under dynamic lighting conditions and unconstrained acquisition protocols: with subjects at large distances (between 4 and 8 meters) and on-the-move.
DroidSD: An Efficient Indexed Based Android Applications Similarity Detection Tool

Android is becoming more and more popular in recent years. Meanwhile, it has been noticed that the security threats are also increasing with the passage of time. Most of the threats come by copying and pasting other applications code without knowing and evaluating it. Similar code fragments (clones) in Android applications make it very difficult to maintain these security flaws. To overcome these security problems, it is very important to discover, identify, retrieve, evaluate and recover these clones. In this paper, we propose and design DroidSD, a novel clone detection approach for android applications, that helps to detect different types of code clones from APK’s source code. A prototype has been developed and implemented to detect clones in android applications. We downloaded almost 30,500 top rated android applications and decompiled those APK to get their Java source code by using reverse engineering techniques. DroidSD detects type-1, type-2 and type-3 (near-miss) clones in android applications at the source code level with high accuracy rate, which was not possible in previous Android similarity detection techniques. DroidSD can also detect the similar code fragments, that are injected into many applications, which may be an indication of spreading malware. Meanwhile it can detect full and partial level similarity between applications. We evaluate DroidSD clone detection approach on real time data-set and count the Recall and Precision on BigCloneBench, which is quite significant. Furthermore, our results show that our approach is very efficient and effective in detecting near-miss clones to check the similarity level in android applications.
Microsatellite Instability and its Significance to Hereditary and Sporadic Cancer

Up to one million people within the United States may have Lynch syndrome (LS), but only 10% have been diagnosed. Early identification of these individuals is critical because they are predisposed to the development of colorectal and several other cancers at a relatively young age. Individuals with LS carry a germline mutation in one of four DNA mismatch repair genes, which leads to hypermutability in simple repetitive DNA sequences. This hallmark molecular phenotype called microsatellite instability (MSI) is now widely used to screen individuals needing germline sequencing to confirm diagnosis of LS. Standardized markers for MSI testing and other improvements in methodology have greatly improved the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of MSI testing. The current trend toward universal MSI screening of all colorectal and endometrial cancers will save lives by identifying LS prior to the development of deadly cancer. New technologies for MSI detection, such as next generation sequencing, open the possibility of a single test for LS that determines both tumor MSI status and germline mutations. Moreover, MSI detection is poised to take on an even greater role in prediction of responses to the new immunotherapies targeted at MSI-positive tumors.
Van der Waals interactions between polymers with sequence-specific polarizabilities: Stiff polymers and Gaussian coils

We consider the van der Waals interaction between a pair of polymers with quenched heterogeneous sequences of local polarizabilities along their backbones, and study the effective pairwise interaction energy for both stiff polymers and flexible Gaussian coils. In particular, we focus on the cases where the pair of polarizability sequences are (i) distinct and (ii) identical. We find that the pairwise interaction energies of distinct and identical Gaussian coils are both isotropic and exhibit the same decay behavior for separations larger than their gyration radius, in contradistinction to the orientationally anisotropic interaction energies of distinct and identical stiff polymers. For both Gaussian coils and stiff polymers, the attractive interaction between identical polymers is enhanced if the polarizability sequence is more heterogeneous.
Common beans and their non-digestible fraction: antitumor activities- An overview

The US Department of Agriculture\'s MyPyramid guidelines introduced a near doubling of the dietary recommendations for vegetables including dry beans, an important food staple in many traditional diets can improve diet quality. Populations with high legume (peas, beans, lentils) consumption have a low risk of cancer and chronic degenerative diseases. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are known as a rich reliable source of non-digested compounds like fiber, phenolics, peptides and phytochemicals associated with health benefits. Emerging evidence indicates that common bean consumption is associated with reduced cancer risk in human populations, inhibiting carcinogenesis in animal models and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cell cultures. Fiber may reduce the risk of premature death from all causes, while the whole non-digestible fraction from common beans has demonstrated anti- proliferative and apoptosis induction on in vitro and in vivo colon cancer. The mechanisms responsible for this apparently protective role may include gene-nutrient interactions and modulation of proteinsexpression. This review investigates the health potential of beans on tumor inhibition, examining their bioactivity, highlighting studies involving functional compounds, mainly non-digestible fraction, that modulate genes and proteins, helping to understand its chemopreventive role against the development of chronic diseases.
Labour Supply Factors and Economic Fluctuations

We propose a new VAR identfi cation scheme that enables us to disentangle labor supply shocks from wage bargaining shocks. Identifi cation is achieved by imposing robust signrestrictions that are derived from a New Keynesian model with endogenous labor force participation. According to our analysis on US data over the period 1985-2014, labor supply shocks and wage bargaining shocks are important drivers of output and unemployment both in the short run and in the long run. These results suggest that identification strategies used in estimated New Keynesian models to disentangle labor market shocks may be misguided. We also analyze the behavior of the labor force participation rate through the lenses of our model. We find that labor supply shocks are the main drivers of the participation rate and account for about half of its decline in the aftermath of the Great Recession.
Evolutionary and physiological adaptations of aquatic invasive animals: r selection versus resistance

Invasive species have been characterized as tolerant of environmental extremes. This hypothesis was evaluated for invasive aquatic species in North America, particularly Asian clams, Corbicula fluminea, and zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha. Both species have rapid growth, early maturity, short life spans, and elevated fecundity, allowing rapid population recovery after reductions by rarefractive, environmental extremes. Extensive resistance capacities offer little adaptive value to invasive, r-selected species, because population reductions occur in their unstable habitats regardless of degree of stress tolerance. Thus, both species have relatively poor physiologic resistance, depending instead on elevated growth and fecundity for rapid population recovery. In contrast, native North American bivalve species are often adapted to stable habitats where perturbation is infrequent (i.e., freshwater unionoidean bivalves). They are characterized by slow growth, extended life spans, and low effective fecunditi.
Gr upSM Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Degeneration during Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis | www.smgebooks. com Copyright  Wei L.This book chapter is open access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited. Gr up SM Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Degeneration during Osteoarthritis
Biomass supply from alternative cellulosic crops and crop residues: a preliminary spatial bioeconomic modeling approach.

This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients, price and cost data, and spatial transportation costs in the context of profit maximization theory. Yields are simulated using temperature, precipitation and soil quality data with various commercial crops and potential new cellulosic biomass crops. Three types of alternative crop management scenarios are simulated by varying crop rotation, fertilization and tillage. The cost of transporting biomass to a specific demand location is obtained using road distances and bulk shipping costs from geographic information systems. The spatial mathematical programming model predicts the supply of biomass and implied environmental consequences for a landscape managed by representative, profit maximizing farmers. The model was applied and validated for simulation of cellulosic biomass supply in a 9-county region of southern Michigan. Results for 74 cropping systems simulated across 39 sub-watersheds show that crop residues are the first types of biomass to be supplied. Corn stover and wheat straw supply start at $21/Mg and $27/Mg delivered prices. Perennial bioenergy crops become profitable to produce when the delivered biomass price reaches $46/Mg for switchgrass, $118/Mg for grass mixes and $154/Mg for Miscanthus giganteus. The predicted effect of the USDA Biomass Conversion Assistance Program is to sharply reduce the minimum biomass price at which miscanthus would become profitable to supply. Compared to conventional crop production practices in the area, the EPIC-simulated environmental outcomes with crop residue removal include increased greenhouse gas emissions and reduced water quality through increased nutrient loss. By contrast, perennial cellulosic biomass crops reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved water quality compared to current commercial cropping systems.
Mesenchymal stem cells in neurological diseases

Due to the limited capacity of the CNS for regeneration, more effective treatment of chronic degenerative and inflammatory neurological conditions, but also of acute neuronal damage from injuries or cerebrovascular diseases, could be only achieved, theoretically at least, by stem cells that may have the potential to either regenerate or to support the survival of the existing, partially damaged, cells. A small number of stem cells are found in the adult brain in very specific regions, but this intrinsic stem cell repertoire is rather small and does not contribute significantly to the repair of damaged tissues. Transplantation of stem cells has long been suggested as a possible logical approach for repair of the damaged nervous system. Embryonic cells carrying the pluripotent and self-renewal properties represent the prototype of stem cells, but there are additional somatic stem cells that may be harvested and expanded from various tissues during adult life, such as the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which offer several practical advantages for the clinical application. MSC can be obtained from every adult and there are effective culture protocols for their expansion to large numbers for clinical uses. They seem to carry fewer risks for malignancies and some initial indications of their short-term safety (upon system delivery), in clinical settings, exist in the literature. Therefore, in most of the registered clinical trials with stem cells, MSC is the primary stem cell population used. This review summarizes the rationale, the mechanisms and the worldwide clinical experience with MSC, in neurological and other diseases.