Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cohort profile: the Comparative Outcomes And Service Utilization Trends (COAST) Study among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia, Canada

Purpose The Comparative Outcomes And Service Utilization Trends (COAST) Study in British Columbia (BC), Canada, was designed to evaluate the determinants of health outcomes and health care services use among people living with HIV (PLHIV) as they age in the period following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The study also assesses how age-associated comorbidities and health care use among PLHIV may differ from those observed in the general population. Participants COAST was established through a data linkage between two provincial data sources: The BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program, which centrally manages cART dispensation across BC and contains prospectively collected data on demographic, immunological, virological, cART use and other clinical information for all known PLHIV in BC; and Population Data BC, a provincial data repository that holds individual event-level, longitudinal data for all 4.6 million BC residents. COAST participants include 13 907 HIV-positive adults (≥19 years of age) and a 10% random sample inclusive of 516 340 adults from the general population followed from 1996 to 2013. Findings to date For all participants, linked individual-level data include information on demographics, health service use (eg, inpatient care, outpatient care and prescription medication dispensations), mortality, and HIV diagnostic and clinical data. Publications from COAST have demonstrated the significant mortality reductions and dramatic changes in the causes of death among PLHIV from 1996 to 2012, differences in the amount of time spent in a healthy state by HIV status, and high levels of injury and mood disorder diagnosis among PLHIV compared with the general population. Future plans To capture the dynamic nature of population health parameters, regular data updates and a refresh of the data linkage are planned to occur every 2 years, providing the basis for planned analysis to examine age-associated comorbidities and patterns of health service use over time.
Deciding to move into extra care housing: residents’ views

ABSTRACT Extra care housing aims to meet the housing, care and support needs of older people, while helping them to maintain their independence in their own private accommodation. In 2003, the Department of Health announced capital funding to support the development of extra care housing, and made the receipt of funding conditional on participating in an evaluative study. Drawing on information collected directly from residents in 19 schemes, this paper presents findings on the factors motivating older people to move to extra care housing, their expectations of living in this new environment, and whether these differ for residents moving to the smaller schemes or larger retirement villages. In total, 949 people responded, 456 who had moved into the smaller schemes and 493 into the villages. Of the residents who moved into the villages most (75%) had not received a care assessment prior to moving in, and had no identified care need. There was evidence that residents with care needs were influenced as much by some of the attractions of their new living environment as those without care needs who moved to the retirement villages. The most important attractions of extra care housing for the vast majority of residents were: tenancy rights, flexible onsite care and support, security offered by the scheme and accessible living arrangements. The results suggest that, overall, residents with care needs seem to move proactively when independent living was proving difficult rather than when staying put is no longer an option. A resident's level of dependency did not necessarily influence the importance attached to various push and/or pull factors. This is a more positive portrayal of residents’ reasons for moving to smaller schemes than in previous UK literature, although moves did also relate to residents’ increasing health and mobility problems. In comparison, type of tenure and availability of social/leisure facilities were more often identified as important by those without care needs in the villages. Therefore, as in other literature, the moves of village residents without care needs seemed to be planned ones mostly towards facilities and in anticipation of the need for care services in the future.
Physical fitness and productive activity of paraplegics

Sociodemographic, psychologic, life‐style, and fitness variables have been measured on 74 subjects who sustained a spinal cord injury 3 or more years previously. Stepwise multiple regression and discriminant function analyses have related this information to total productivity (occupation, leisure, and education). Eight variables (education, Barthel's functional index, forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% vital capacity (FEF25‐75), body mass, peak power output, lean body mass, motivation, and the frequency of medical appointments) account for 64% of the variance in total productivity. A discriminant function based on peak power output, FEF25‐75, lean body mass, and total body mass correctly classifies 80% of individuals with high and low levels of total productivity. Habitual activity shows a substantial correlation with aerobic power, but little relationship to productivity. It is suggested that the component of aerobic power describing productivity may be related to muscle mass and thus the ability.
Sentiment analysis on (Bengali horoscope) corpus

Sentiment analysis in its simplest form is the classification of a piece of text into positive or negative class based on the polarity of the text. Horoscopes consist of future predictions for each of the twelve zodiac signs and are very popular in India. All major TV channels and newspapers publish their horoscope expert's predictions on a daily basis. These daily horoscopes are well suited for the task of sentiment analysis as they have a high percentage of strong sentiment bearing sentences. This work deals with sentiment analysis of Bengali daily horoscope. A corpus of 6000 sentences is created by crawling through the website of a leading Bengali newspaper's daily horoscope section. Each sentence is annotated with polarity (positive or negative) by a team of three independent annotators. A lexicon of 58 stop words is also created from the frequently occurring words in the corpus. A comparative analysis of five well known classification algorithms namely Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbours, Decision Tree and Random Forest is done. For each classification algorithm three different input features (unigram, bigram and trigram presence) are experimented with. Stop word removal and feature selection using information gain metric are also used. SVM with all unigram features neither removing stop words nor using information gain metric for feature selection proves to be the best combination producing an accuracy of 98.7%.
Volleyball and the Hitting Shoulder: Is it Time to Institute a ‘Pitch Count’?

We review the pertinent literature and survey 31 collegiate women's volleyball programme athletic trainers estimating the prevalence of shoulder pain among participants, particularly the ‘hitters’. We also survey experienced coaches for their estimate of the number of overhead arm swings performed by these athletes (during matches, practices and pre-game warm-ups) confirming these estimates by actual counts where available. A brief review of the results leads us to conclude that adoption of a ‘swing count’, analogous to the baseball ‘pitch count’, might ameliorate the substantial shoulder issues reported to us.
A combined teamwork training and work standardisation intervention in operating theatres: controlled interrupted time series study

Background Teamwork training and system standardisation have both been proposed to reduce error and harm in surgery. Since the approaches differ markedly, there is potential for synergy between them. Methods Design: Controlled interrupted time series with a 3 month intervention and observation phases before and after. Setting: Operating theatres conducting elective orthopaedic surgery in a single hospital system (UK Hospital Trust). Intervention: Teamwork training based on crew resource management plus training and follow-up support in developing standardised operating procedures. Focus of subsequent standardisation efforts decided by theatre staff. Measures: Paired observers watched whole procedures together. We assessed non-technical skills using NOTECHS II, technical performance using glitch rate and compliance with WHO checklist using a simple quality tool. We measured complication and readmission rates and hospital stay using hospital administrative records. Before/after change was compared in the active and control groups using two-way ANOVA and regression models. Results 1121 patients were operated on before and 1100 after intervention. 44 operations were observed before and 50 afterwards. Non-technical skills (p=0.002) and WHO compliance (p<0.001) improved significantly after the intervention in the active versus the control group. Glitch count improved in both groups and there was no significant effect on clinical outcomes. Discussion Combined training in teamwork and system improvement causes marked improvements in team behaviour and WHO performance, but not technical performance or outcome. These findings are consistent with the synergistic hypothesis, but larger controlled studies with a strong implementation strategy are required to test potential outcome effects.
Salient virulence factors in anaerobic bacteria, with emphasis on their importance in endodontic infections

Endodontic infections by microbial invasion of the necrotic pulp lead to apical periodontitis of both acute and chronic forms. Acute lesions often develop from multiplication of bacteria in primary infections. Such lesions may also occur as exacerbations of chronic forms provoked for example in conjunction with endodontic treatment measures. The clinical course appears related to the character of the microflora. While primary infections are predominated by a mixed flora of anaerobic bacteria and resembles that of aggressive marginal periodontitis, chronic forms of apical periodontitis emerge following regression of the acute infection, whereupon prevailing bacteria have assumed low activity. The significance of virulence factors is easy to understand as far as acute inflammatory conditions are concerned. The role of virulence factors for sustaining chronic inflammation is more unclear and complex. This review is about salient virulence factors in some selected bacterial genera such as Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Fusobacterium, which often predominate the root canal microbiota in the acute phase of endodontic infections.
Work conditions, mental workload and patient care quality: a multisource study in the emergency department

Background Workflow interruptions, multitasking and workload demands are inherent to emergency departments (ED) work systems. Potential effects of ED providers’ work on care quality and patient safety have, however, been rarely addressed. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and associations of ED staff's workflow interruptions, multitasking and workload with patient care quality outcomes. Methods We applied a mixed-methods design in a two-step procedure. First, we conducted a time-motion study to observe the rate of interruptions and multitasking activities. Second, during 20-day shifts we assessed ED staff's reports on workflow interruptions, multitasking activities and mental workload. Additionally, we assessed two care quality indicators with standardised questionnaires: first, ED patients’ evaluations of perceived care quality; second, patient intrahospital transfers evaluated by ward staff. The study was conducted in a medium-sized community ED (16 600 annual visits). Results ED personnel's workflow was disrupted on average 5.63 times per hour. 30% of time was spent on multitasking activities. During 20 observations days, data were gathered from 76 ED professionals, 239 patients and 205 patient transfers. After aggregating daywise data and controlling for staffing levels, prospective associations revealed significant negative associations between ED personnel's mental workload and patients’ perceived quality of care. Conversely, workflow interruptions were positively associated with patient-related information on discharge and overall quality of transfer. Conclusions Our investigation indicated that ED staff's capability to cope with demanding work conditions was associated with patient care quality. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of the complex effects of interruptions and multitasking in the ED environment for creating safe and efficient ED work and care systems.
Congestion control for real-time traffic in high-speed networks

An investigation is conducted of the possibility of locally controlling short-term congestion for loss-tolerant but delay-sensitive traffic (such as packet voice) through selective discarding of packets based on the virtual work found by a packet on arrival to a queue (local deadlines). By analysis and simulation of a multistage virtual circuit, it is shown that this approach can cut voice-tolerable loss rates in half for high loads. It is also shown that the simple case of using the same local deadline throughout the network performs nearly as well as taking reduced interior traffic into consideration and optimizing loss performance over a set of heterogeneous local deadlines. As an example, the issue of establishing control parameters at call-setup time is also considered. <<ETX>>
Overview of the Classical Histone Deacetylase Enzymes and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

The important role of histone deacetylase enzymes in regulating gene expression, cellular proliferation, and survival has made them attractive targets for the development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat, Zolinza), a structural analogue of the prototypical Trichostatin A, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 2006. This was followed by approval of the cyclic peptide, depsipeptide (Romidepsin, Istodax) for the same disease in 2009. Currently numerous histone deacetylase inhibitors are undergoing preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies. Most of these studies are focused on combinations of histone deacetylase inhibitors with other therapeutic modalities, particularly conventional chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the classical histone deacetylase enzymes and histone deacetylase inhibitors with an emphasis on potential combination therapies.
Antibacterial activity of lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid is primarily caused by inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis.

Usnic acid, a compound produced by various lichen species, has been demonstrated previously to inhibit growth of different bacteria and fungi; however, mechanism of its antimicrobial activity remained unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that usnic acid causes rapid and strong inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria, represented by Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, while it does not inhibit production of macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins) in Escherichia coli, which is resistant to even high doses of this compound. However, we also observed slight inhibition of RNA synthesis in a Gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio harveyi. Inhibition of protein synthesis in B. subtilis and S. aureus was delayed, which suggest indirect action (possibly through impairment of transcription) of usnic acid on translation. Interestingly, DNA synthesis was halted rapidly in B. subtilis and S. aureus, suggesting interference of usnic acid with elongation of DNA replication. We propose that inhibition of RNA synthesis may be a general mechanism of antibacterial action of usnic acid, with additional direct mechanisms, such as impairment of DNA replication in B. subtilis and S. aureus.
Advancing the science of patient decision aids through reporting guidelines

Patient decision aids (PDAs) are tools designed to help people make deliberative choices about their healthcare options using the best available evidence. They provide balanced information about treatment choices and help patients construct, clarify and communicate what is important to them in making healthcare choices. PDAs can prepare patients to make informed, values-based decisions with their healthcare providers.1–3 The evidence base on PDAs has grown rapidly over the past two decades. The most recent update to the Cochrane systematic review of PDAs included 105 randomised controlled trials published through April 2015.2 This number excludes trials comparing complex to simpler PDAs and other evaluations of PDAs using non-randomised designs. People who use decision aids improve their knowledge of the options, report feeling clearer and better informed about the options, have more accurate expectations about benefits and harms of options, and participate more in decision-making compared with people who don’t use decision aids.2 Founded in 2003, the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration is a multidisciplinary group of researchers, clinicians and other stakeholders from around the world who share an interest in the development and use of PDAs. A description of the IPDAS history, its membership and activities can be found at the IPDAS website (http://ipdas.ohri.ca/). It is a voluntary organisation that receives no centralised financial support for its efforts. The Collaboration was established in response to concerns about the rapid increase in the number of PDAs of unknown quality that were being developed by different individuals and groups around the world. The Collaboration prioritised the need for a set of standard criteria to guide the quality appraisal of PDAs. The purpose of IPDAS is to enhance the quality and effectiveness of PDAs by establishing a common evidence framework for the content, development, implementation and evaluation of PDAs. The Collaboration’s initial …
Physical activity in overweight and non-overweight pre-school children

OBJECTIVE To compare the physical activity levels of overweight and non overweight 3- to 5-y-old children while attending preschool. A secondary aim was to evaluate weight-related differences in hypothesized parental determinants of child physical activity behavior. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS A total of 245, 3- to 5-y-olds (127 girls, 118 boys) and their parent(s) (242 mothers, 173 fathers) recruited from nine preschools. Overweight status determined using the age- and sex-specific 85th percentile for body mass index (BMI) from CDC Growth Charts. MEASUREMENTS Physical activity during the preschool day was assessed on multiple days via two independent objective measuresFdirect observation using the observation system for recording activity in preschools (OSRAP) and real-time accelerometry using the MTI/CSA 7164 accelerometer. Parents completed a take-home survey assessing sociodemographic information, parental height and weight, modeling of physical activity, support for physical activity, active toys and sporting equipment at home, child’s television watching, frequency of park visitation, and perceptions of child competence. RESULTS Overweight boys were significantly less active than their nonoverweight peers during the preschool day. No significant differences were observed in girls. Despite a strong association between childhood overweight status and parental obesity, no significant differences were observed for the hypothesized parental influences on physical activity behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a significant proportion of overweight children may be at increased risk for further gains in adiposity because of low levels of physical activity during the preschool day.
Electrophoretic karyotyping of Hypsizygus marmoreus and evaluation of variation among its basidiospores.

The molecular karyotype of Hypsizygus marmoreus was explored by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. Eleven chromosomal bands were separated from the dikaryotic mycelia of H. marmoreus (strain Hm 3-10), and the chromosomes ranged in size from 1.9 to 5.8 Mb. The total genome size of the strain was estimated to be 36.3 Mb. The chromosome numbers were also confirmed by telomere fingerprinting, and 22 telomeric bands were identified. This result suggests that 11 chromosomes exist in Hm 3-10. The marker sequences for each chromosome were determined and were applied to identify each chromosome. Karyotyping and Southern blot analysis revealed that the size of chromosomes in the basidiospores were greatly different from those of parental dikaryon Hm 3-10 cells.
Teacher Candidates and Supervising Teachers' Opinions about Activities of Teaching Practice in Elementary Schools

Bu arastirmanin genel amaci, uygulama ogretmenleri ile ogretmen adaylarinin ilkogretim okullarinda gerceklestirilen ogretmenlik uygulamasi etkinliklerine iliskin gorus ve onerilerini belirlemektir. Calisma, betimsel turde bir arastirmadir. Arastirma verileri, 80 uygulama ogretmeninden ve 341 ogretmen adayindan, 2003-2004 ogretim yilinin II. yariyilinda, arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen anket formuyla toplanmistir. Verilerin analizinde frekans ve yuzde kullanilmistir. Arastirmadan elde edilen sonuclara gore; ogretmen adayi, uygulama ogretmeni ve ogretim elemani arasindaki isbirliginin yeterli duzeyde olmadigi, uygulama ogretmenlerinin ders planlari ve materyallerin gelistirilmesi surecinde yeterince destek olmadiklari ve uygulama etkinliklerine iliskin uygulama ogretmenleri ve ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri arasinda anlamli bir farklilik oldugu ortaya cikmistir. Arastirma bulgularina dayali olarak, ogretmenlik uygulamasi surecinin gelistirilmesine yonelik onerilerde bulunulmustur.
TES-based traffic modeling for performance evaluation of integrated networks

The authors consider modeling methodologies of variable-bit-rate video sources for performance evaluation of integrated networks. They consider an example in which compressed video is transmitted over a local area network carrying both video and data. A new modeling methodology called transform-expand-sample (TES) which is a method for generating autocorrelated variates, is used. TES is a nonparametric method which can accurately capture the histogram and approximate autocorrelation function of any data set. The TES model was used to drive a network simulation for performance measures. <<ETX>>
Fluid models for the analysis and design of statistical multiplexing with loss priorities on multiple classes of bursty traffic

The authors give the complete solution for a stochastic fluid model of statistical multiplexing with loss priorities in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based broadband ISDN. In this model each Markov modulated fluid source generates priority and marked cell streams which are bursty, mutually correlated, and periodic during bursts. The output of many such sources is buffered and multiplexed for transmission. The loss priority is implemented by selectively discarding marked cells when the buffer content exceeds a threshold level. The equilibrium state distribution exhibits jumps, a feature not existent in prior fluid models. The computational complexity for two-state sources is dominated by a single system of linear equations of dimension equal to twice the number of sources, in particular, the complexity is independent of buffer size. The complete delay distribution for each traffic class is obtained. Numerical results are given. The analysis is generalized to several priority classes of traffic. <<ETX>>