Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human trk oncogenes activated by point mutation, in-frame deletion, and duplication of the tyrosine kinase domain

Malignant activation of the human trk proto-oncogene, a member of the tyrosine protein kinase receptor family, has been implicated in the development of certain human cancers, including colon and thyroid papillary carcinomas. trk oncogenes have also been identified in cultured cells transfected with various DNAs. In this study, we report the characterization of three in vitro-generated trk oncogenes, trk2, trk4, and trk5 (R. Oskam, F. Coulier, M. Ernst, D. Martin-Zanca, and M. Barbacid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2964-2968, 1988), in an effort to understand the spectrum of mutational events that can activate the human trk gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNA clones of trk2 and trk4 revealed that these oncogenes were generated by a head-to-tail arrangement of two trk tyrosine protein kinase domains connected by a purine-rich region. These oncogenes code for cytoplasmic molecules of 67,000 (p67trk2) and 69,000 (p69trk4) daltons. In contrast, the product of the trk5 oncogene, gp95trk5, is a cell surface glycoprotein of 95,000 daltons. This oncogene was generated by a 153-base-pair in-frame deletion within sequences coding for the extracellular domain of the trk receptor. This activating deletion encompasses a triplet coding for one of the nine cysteine residues that the trk receptor shares with the product of the highly related trkB tyrosine protein kinase gene. Introduction of a single point mutation (TGT----AGT) in this codon resulted in a novel trk oncogene whose product, gp140S345, differs from the nontransforming trk proto-oncogene receptor in a single amino acid residue, Ser-345 instead of Cys-345. These results illustrate that multiple molecular mechanisms, including point mutation, internal deletion, and kinase domain duplication, can result in the malignant activation of the human trk proto-oncogene.
Orphaned No More? Glucose-Sensing Hypothalamic Neurons Control Insulin Secretion

Well before Dr. Minkowski discovered the role of the pancreas in regulating blood glucose (1889), Dr. Bernard had discovered the role of the brain (specifically the base of the fourth ventricle) in regulating blood glucose (1849). Bernard’s basic observation has been replicated by many interventions involving pharmacological manipulations directed toward the brain stem (1). Nevertheless, the overt production of diabetes by the removal of the pancreas and the eventual discovery of the determinative role of insulin secreted by pancreatic islets in regulating blood glucose by Drs. Banting and Best (1922) led to an overwhelming emphasis in studying islet function (and later insulin sensitivity) in the study of blood glucose regulation. At about the same time, the function of the hypothalamus began to be studied extensively because of early evidence that damage to the hypothalamus in humans produced a variety of neuroendocrine disturbances, including obesity (Erdheim 1904). However the relative importance of the hypothalamus versus the pituitary in these systemic pathologies continued to be controversial until the classic study by Hetherington and Ransom (2) reported that specific lesions in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) cause robust obesity in rats, an extremely robust effect replicated in many species, including humans. Subsequent extensions of these studies demonstrated that lesions of an area slightly lateral to the VMN (lateral hypothalamic area [LHA]) produced the opposite effect: starvation. …
Arterial Spin Labeling—Can Neurointerventionists Rely on This Novel Technique? A Case Series on Successful Use of Arterial Spin Labeling in Acute Stroke Imaging

Abstract Presence of ischemic penumbra is the principal factor that decides the need for mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in detecting diffusion perfusion mismatch and directing patients into mechanical thrombectomy. We retrospectively studied all patients with acute nonhemorrhagic stroke in the anterior circulation, who had undergone stroke imaging with ASL followed by mechanical thrombectomy from July 2016 to November 2016. Area of diffusion perfusion mismatch was graded semiquantitatively into three grades: small, medium, and large. Mismatch was compared with 30-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) score. Interpretable PASL-perfusion images were obtained in all patients. Diffusion perfusion mismatches were present in all patients. Out of six patients with good mRS score, five patients had large diffusion perfusion mismatch. Two out of three patients with poor mRS were secondary to failed recanalization, in spite of large mismatch. One out of nine patients had poor outcome as well as a small area of mismatch. ASL is a rapid noninvasive imaging technique in acute stroke that has got the potential to detect ischemic penumbra.
Wind Power Generation Planning by Utilizing the Reactive Power Capabilities of Generators

The paper presents a new wind power generation planning framework by considering the reactive power capabilities of generators. The motivation is to maximize the utilization of renewable power hosting capacity without violating the security constraints of distribution networks. The objective is to maximize the net present value of the investment considering the cost of grid energy transaction, initial investment of wind turbines, operation and maintenance etc. The problem is developed as the mixed-integer, non-linear and non-convex optimization problem; therefore, an improved variant of genetic algorithm has been adopted. The proposed generation planning model is implemented on a benchmark test distribution system of 33 buses and the simulation results are compared with the same obtained from the traditional planning models. The comparison shows that the proposed approach effectively maximize the net present value of the investment as compared to tradition planning models.
The Role of Complement in Endotoxin Shock and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Experimental Observations in the Dog

The endotoxin shock response of Beagle dogs, characterized by profound hypotension and progressive fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was compared in anaesthetized normal dogs and in dogs previously decomplemented with purified cobra venom factor. The hypotension and the early thrombocytopenia were abolished in the decomplemented group, while the subsequent DIC was greatly ameliorated. Factor VII was apparently activated in decomplemented dogs but consumed in normal dogs. An observation as yet to be defined in relation to the shock syndrome was that dog platelets lost their collagen aggregation throughout the period of total decomplementation. It is suggested that complement activation is a major requirement for the full expression of fatally progressive DIC in endotoxin shock and that the activation of the coagulation system occurs, at least in part, via the extrinsic pathway.
Environmental conditions and rodent infestation in Campo Limpo district, São Paulo municipality, Brazil

Rodents are involved in the transmission to human beings of several diseases, including liptospirosis, which shows high lethality rates in São Paulo municipality. Despite this, few studies have assessed the relationship existing between urban environmental conditions and building rodent infestation. With the purpose of clarifying this relationship, an analysis has been conducted in order to quantify the influence of environmental factors upon rodent infestation on a low-income district. Diagnosis of the environmental situation has been performed to evaluate the frequency according to which harborage, food and access sources occur, and a survey on infestation rates in 2175 dwellings in the area studied. The logistic regression analysis showed that among the environmental variables, the one that showed the closest association with rodent infestation was access; followed by harborage, and food. It was concluded that poor socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the area propitiate the occurrence of high rodent infestation rates.
Outdoor workers and sun protection strategies: two case study examples in Queensland, Australia.

INTRODUCTION Outdoor workers are at risk of developing skin cancer because they are exposed to high levels of harmful ultraviolet radiation. The Outdoor Workers Sun Protection Project investigated sun protection strategies for high risk outdoor workers in rural and regional Australia. METHODS Fourteen workplaces (recruitment rate 37%) across four industries in rural and regional Queensland, Australia were recruited to the OWSPP. In 2011-2012, data were collected using pre- and post-intervention interviews and discussion groups. This article presents two workplaces as case study examples. RESULTS The flat organisational structure of workplace 1 supported the implementation of the Sun Safety Action Plan (SSAP), whilst the hierarchical organisational nature of workplace 2 delayed implementation of the SSAP. Neither workplace had an existing sun protection policy but both workplaces adopted one. An effect related to the researchers' presence was seen in workplace 1 and to a lesser degree in workplace 2. Overt reciprocity was seen between management and workers in workplace 1 but this was not so evident in workplace 2. In both workplaces, the role of the workplace champion was pivotal to SSAP progression. CONCLUSIONS These two case studies highlight a number of contextually bound workplace characteristics related to sun safety. These issues are (1) the structure of workplace, (2) policy, (3) an effect related to the researchers' presence, (4) the workplace champion and (5) reciprocity. There are several recommendations from this article. Workplace health promotion strategies for sun safety need to be contextualised to individual workplaces to take advantage of the strengths of the workplace and to build capacity.
The Combination of Filters in Early Spatial Vision: A Retrospective Analysis of the Mirage Model

Since the discovery of spatial-frequency-tuned channels in the visual system, most theories attempting to account for pattern encoding have assumed that the filters can be independently accessed and flexibly combined. We review here an alternative model, ‘MIRAGE’, in which the filters are inflexibly combined before pattern analysis. In the MIRAGE model the half-wave rectified outputs of all spatial-frequency channels are combined before locating spatial zero-bounded regions in the neural image, which serve as the spatial primitives for pattern analysis. We describe the evidence that led to this model, and review recent evidence on the rules of filter combination.
Integration des véhicules électriques dans les réseaux électriques : Modèles d’affaire et contraintes techniques pour constructeurs automobiles

Les ventes de Vehicules Electriques (VE) ont fortement augmente ces dernieres annees. Si les processus de charge de ces VE ne sont pas geres de maniere intelligente, ils risquent de surcharger les reseaux electriques. Inversement, les VE pourraient representer une opportunite pour ces reseaux en tant qu'unites de stockage distribuees.Cette these se propose d’etudier l’integration intelligente des vehicules rechargeables dans les reseaux electriques d’un point de vue technique, reglementaire et economique. Dans un premier temps, le cadre general necessaire au developpement de ces solutions est passe en revue : les domaines d’application et scenarios de reference sont decrits, les acteurs principaux listes, et les defis principaux analyses.Ensuite, l’accent est mis sur les services systeme, et plus particulierement sur le reglage de frequence. Les conditions reglementaires permettant la participation d’une flotte de vehicules electriques a ce service sont etudiees a partir d’une revue des regles de gestionnaires de reseau de transport existants. De nombreuses simulations techniques et economiques sont realisees, pour differentes regles de marche.Les services reseau locaux sont ensuite consideres. Un eco-quartier est modelise : il comprend differentes unites de consommation et des sources de production distribuees. Un gestionnaire energetique local est propose : son role est de controler les taux de charge / decharge des vehicules electriques de l’eco-quartier dans l’objectif de limiter les surcharges subies par le transformateur electrique de l’eco-quartier. Des consequences economiques sont tirees des resultats techniques.Enfin, des resultats experimentaux sont presentes. Le comportement de deux VE est analyse, dont un dispose de capacites bidirectionnelles. Les preuves de concept experimentales confirment les capacites theoriques des vehicules electriques : il s’agit d’unites a temps de reponse tres court (meme en considerant l’architecture TIC complete) et ils sont capables de reagir a des signaux reseau tres precisement.
Inter-channel Interaction and Damping Effect on the Dynamics of Energy Transport in Protein

The mechanism of energy transport in alpha-helical protein was modeled by Davydov and Scott. The inter-channel interaction between the three channels of alpha-helical protein and damping effect on the probability amplitude of amide-I energy is investigated in this paper. The study results a set of three coupled non-linear Schrodinger equation. The resulting coupled NLS is analyzed by Hirota bilinear method. The results show that the inter-channel interaction result in the greater amplitude. Meanwhile the damping term has no contribution to the change of soliton amplitude, but it make the soliton propagation slower.
Educational effects of interscholastic athletic participation on African-American and Hispanic youth.

This study examined the educational effects of interscholastic athletic participation on a national, stratified, probability sample of African-American and Hispanic boys and girls drawn from the High School and Beyond Study (U.S. Department of Education, 1987). This two-year longitudinal analysis was based on questionnaire data from 3,686 minority youth who were sophomores in 1980 and seniors in 1982. The independent variable was athletic participation, and the dependent variables included senior year popularity, extracurricular involvement, grades, achievement test performance, dropout rates, and educational expectations. The control variables were socioeconomic status, school location, and sophomore measures of the dependent variables. In general, athletic participation enhanced popularity and contributed to greater involvement in extracurricular activities. Sports participation was generally unrelated to grades and standardized test scores. Depending on school location (i.e., urban, suburban, rural), athletic participation was significantly related to lower dropout rates for some minority youth. High school athletic participation was unrelated to educational expectations in the senior year. These findings show that high school athletic participation was a social resource for many minority youth, but only a modest academic resource for others. Equally clear, however, is the fact that not all racial or ethnic groups reap the same benefits from sport. More importantly, these findings strongly suggest that high school sport should only be considered one of many institutional forces converging in the lives of American minority youth. To assign sport more significance than these findings call for is to run the risk of oversimplifying and trivializing the very complex psychosocial processes which attend high school athletic participation.
Determinants of Price-Earnings Ratio: The Case of Chemical Sector of Pakistan

Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio, a relative valuation technique has always remained at the centre of attention of market analysts and investors ever since the origin of discounted dividend growth model of Gordon and Shapiro (1956). The present study attempts to identify the factors explaining variations in P/E ratio for chemical sector of Pakistan by using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression on pooled data of 25 firms listed at Karachi stock exchange for the period 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, taking into account the volatility in Pakistani stock market during the study period, a time-series analysis has also made by using OLS regression model to examine whether determinants of P/E ratio differ across years or not. Results demonstrate that Dividend payout ratio and Tobin’s Q remain the most important determinants of P/E ratios for pooled as well as time-series analysis. The study is expected to facilitate decision makers to evaluate factors that explain variations in firm’s P/E ratio in order to attract investor’s attention and raise their confidence to select these firms in their portfolios.
Normal ATXN2 alleles influences on the age at onset in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

Several studies have shown significant effects of normal alleles on the age at disease onset in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), and Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) and Huntington’s disease (HD) patients.However, none of the studies so far conducted in SCA2 individuals has succeed to demonstrate a similar contribution of normal Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) alleles. Here, a dataset was assembled consisting of 745 affected individuals (54.23% male) belonging to 109 unique Cuban SCA2 families. All individuals were heterozygous for the ATXN2 expansion mutation with more than 31 CAG repeats at the larger allele (see Supporting Information Table S1). Normal and expanded ATXN2 alleles’ distribution and its association with the age at onset are shown in Supporting Information Figures S1 and S2. A highly significant influence of expanded and normal alleles over the age at onset was obtained, which accounted for 63.3% of the observed age at onset variability (Table 1). However, this model violates the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance for multiple linear regressions (Supporting Information Figures S3, S4A-C). A total of 32 cases were identified whose residues were 62 or 63 standard deviations of the mean values; these cases were excluded from the analysis. In the dataset consisting of 713 SCA2 patients, a highly significant influence of the expanded and normal alleles on the age at onset was also obtained; the interaction term was not included in the model (Table 1). This model satisfied all the assumptions for multiple linear FIG. 1. (A-C) Case 1. (A) H&E. Intraparenchymal blood vessels show thickening and hyalinization of the vessel walls, perivascular clearing, and patchy white matter rarefactions. (B) Tau1 dystrophic neurites in the neuropil and Alzheimer-type neuritic plaques and also some neurofibrillary tangles. (C) Iba11 activated microglial cells. (D-F) Case 2. (D) Hyalinized intraparenchymal vessel walls and perivascular clearing. (E) Microhemorrhages indicative of severe hypertension. (F) Diffuse white matter gliosis and increased number of Iba-1 ramified microglia throughout white matter. (G, H) Control case (no premutation). (G) Iba 1 staining shows reduced number of microglial cells with a nonactivated morphology. (H) Tau staining does not show any label. Scale bar: 50 lm. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Machine Learning from Garden Path Sentences: The Application of Computational Linguistics

This paper discusses the application of computational linguistics in the machine learning (ML) system for the processing of garden path sentences. ML is closely related to artificial intelligence and linguistic cognition. The rapid and efficient processing of the complex structures is an effective method to test the system. By means of parsing the garden path sentence, we draw a conclusion that the integration of theoretical and statistical methods is helpful for the development of ML system.
Hot Topics in Biomechanically Directed Fracture Fixation

Summary: The evolution of locking plates and modern nail constructs provides the orthopaedic trauma surgeon with a myriad of options with regard to implant selection for common fractures. There is a significant amount of biomechanical literature comparing modern constructs with those conventionally used. A basic understanding of this literature is required to make informed decisions with regard to implant selection in the management of these injuries. This article reviews the most recent biomechanical literature regarding implant selection and application for a variety of commonly treated injuries, including fractures of the clavicle, proximal humerus, distal humerus, intertrochanteric hip region, distal femur, and bicondylar tibial plateau.
Percutaneous Extraction of ePTFE‐Coated ICD Leads: A Single Center Comparative Experience

Percutaneous extraction of standard implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator leads is often complicated by ingrowth of fibrotic tissue into the shocking coils. Leads with GORE™ expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) coating (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Newark, DE, USA) designed to inhibit fibrosis are in use, but clinical data regarding their extraction are lacking. The study's purpose was to examine the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of percutaneous extraction involving defibrillator leads coated with ePTFE.
Spatial Degrees-of-Freedom of 60 GHz Multiple-Antenna Channels

This paper studies the potential of spatial multiplexing for measured 60 GHz radio channels by estimating the number of eigenchannels. It is well-known that the number of available eigenchannels is dependent on a propagation channel condition as well as antenna array conguration. We evaluate a spatial degrees- of-freedom (SDoF) metric that depends on the propagation conditions and the antenna aperture size, but is otherwise independent of the realization of antenna elements on the aperture. The SDoF metric is a measure of the effective number of antenna elements for spatial multiplexing. We evaluate the SDoF for 60 GHz multiple-input multiple-output channels measured in a conference room environment under a line-of- sight (LOS) condition. Our analysis reveals that the SDoF is more than one for a transmit- receive antenna separation of more than 2 m, which indicates that spatial multiplexing can work in such LOS scenarios. Our results indicate that using only 10 antenna elements at each of the transmit and receive antenna aperture is sufficient for effective spatial multiplexing performance in the considered propagation scenario. Furthermore, by using just 5 antennas at each aperture, eigenchannels down to -15 dB relative magnitude can still be captured.
Magnetic-field-induced metal-insulator phenomena in Pr1-xCaxMnO3 with controlled charge-ordering instability.

Field-induced insulator-to-metal transitions have been found in ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(0.3l~xl~0.5)$ single crystals, which are accompanied by a melting of the insulating charge-ordered (i.e., ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$/${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ ordered) state. The transition is of the first order with a hysteresis and is even irreversible at low temperatures. The $x$-dependent metal-insulator phase diagrams in the $H\ensuremath{-}T$ plane indicate that a deviation of $x$ from 0.5 modifies the robustness of the charge-ordering state, which is argued in terms of the effect of discommensuration of the charge concentration on the charge-ordered state.
H∞ filtering for singular systems

This note considers the H∞ filtering problem for linear continuous singular systems. The purpose is the design of a linear filter such that the resulting error system is regular, impulse-free and stable while the closed-loop transfer function from the disturbance to the filtering error output satisfies a prescribed H∞-norm bound constraint. Without decomposing the original system matrices, a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of this problem is obtained in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). When these LMIs are feasible, an explicit expression of a desired filter is given. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.