Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Language Dominance in Early Spanish/English Bilinguals

This paper analyzes the comparability of language dominance assessments with the purpose of determining whether they yield similar results. Language dominance is an important construct in the field of bilingualism as it allows for a more thorough classification of bilinguals and is thought to play a role in both bilingual production and perception. Yet, there is no unified methodology for assessing language dominance. To that end, we ask the following research question: Do different language dominance measures predict the results of one another? Twenty-nine Spanish/English early bilinguals completed four language dominance assessments. Results indicate that three of the four assessments are highly correlated with each other while the fourth, a repetition task, is not significantly correlated with any of the assessments. Further, twenty of the participants were categorized differently across the individual measures; the more “balanced” a bilingual was, the greater likelihood of being categorized differently. These results indicate that certain language dominance assessments are not comparable with one another and suggest that it could be the case they do not even measure the same variable.
Two-color increment thresholds in early age-related maculopathy

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) also referred to as senile macular degeneration (SMD) is one of the most common eye diseases in the western world, particularly among older persons. The clinical signs include reduced visual acuity, alterations in color vision and central visual field loss in the advanced stages of the disease. The most commonly reported color vision defect is a blue-yellow defect found on tests such as the AO HRR plate test, the D15 and the FM 100 Hue test (Campbell and Rittler, 1972; Francois and Verriest, 1968)
Evolution d'un système de raisonnement à partir de cas dédié au diagnostic industriel.

A partir de la demarche de conception d'un systeme de diagnostic definie par une base de cas et des modeles de connaissances generales, nous elaborons une base de cas constituee de prototypes d'experiences qui prenant appui sur les modeles de connaissances et de regles de decision, permet de reduire considerablement la base de cas initiale. Puis l'evolution de ce systeme de diagnostic est etudiee lorsque de nouveaux dysfonctionnements apparaissent sur l'equipement ou bien quand l'equipement est amene a evoluer suivant des specifications de maintenance ameliorative. Cette evolution aura des repercussions aussi bien sur la base de cas que sur les modeles du systeme. Nous proposons des etapes d'evolution du systeme ainsi qu'un algorithme d'insertion d'un nouveau cas dysfonctionnel dans la base de cas sans remettre en cause la qualite de la base. Cet algorithme exploite deux notions a savoir le recouvrement et l'atteignabilite.
Aristotelian Practical Philosophy from Melanchthon to Eisenhart: Protestant Commentaries on the Nicomachean Ethics 1529–1682

ABSTRACT The place of the Nicomachean Ethics as the standard textbook for the teaching of ethics remained unaltered during the Reformation and post-Reformation era. As a result, close to forty commentaries on this work were published in Protestant territories between 1529 and 1682. Most of these commentaries have previously been listed in studies of the history of Aristotle’s reception, but only a very small number have been the object of more specific study. This article presents a survey of this tradition in both its Lutheran and Reformed trajectory, and it deals with the elements of the medieval and the Renaissance traditions of Aristotelian commentary that permeate Protestant Aristotelianism. Finally, it discusses the way in which the Aristotelian understanding of practical philosophy was received by these early modern Protestants.
A Lexical-conceptual Approach to Code Switching

This study claims that the bilingual mental lexicon contains ‘lemmas’, defined as abstract entries in the mental lexicon about particular lexemes, and such lemmas are in contact in ICS. Lemmas contain information about lexical-conceptual structure, predicate-argument structure and morphological realization patterns of particular lexemes. It further claims that bilingual lemmas are language-specific, and it is the activation of languagespecific lemmas which drives ICS. The ICS instances for the study reveal that bilinguals switch content morphemes from one language into another language’s sentential frame because of cross-linguistic lexicalconceptual gaps. Bilinguals do not switch system morphemes because it is the Matrix Language (the host language) which provides the sentential frame, including all system morphemes, and the Embedded Language (the guest language) inserts certain content morphemes as desired into the lexical slots in the ML. The lexicalconceptual approach introduced in this study explores the nature and activity of the bilingual mental lexicon during ICS.
UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE OS CONCEITOS DE POLÍTICA LINGUÍSTICA

Decisoes em torno da Politica e do Planejamento da Lingua(gem) sao feitas em todo o mundo, todos os dias, tanto formalmente pelos governos quanto informalmente por academicos, por lideres comunitarios, pelos sujeitos etc. No tocante ao conceito subjacentes do que seria Politica Linguistica, este ensaio objetiva adentram em alguns pontos, como: quais sao suas bases e seus pressupostos; e as diversas vertentes, tomando como base os estudos de Cooper (1989), Johnson (2013), Ricento (2006), entre outros, buscando, assim, propor um breve tracado teorico-metodologico para melhor entendimento da area que engendram a agenda do pais em diversas instâncias da vida social.
An Extension to the Noisy-OR Function to Resolve the ‘Explaining Away’ Deficiency for Practical Bayesian Network Problems

The “leaky noisy-OR” function is a common and popular method used to simplify the elicitation of complex conditional probability tables in Bayesian networks involving Boolean variables. It has proven to be useful for approximating the required relationship in many real-world situations where there is a set of two or more variables that are potential causes of a single effect variable. However, one of the properties of leaky noisy-OR is Conditional Inter-causal Independence (CII). This property means that the ‘explaining away’ behavior—one of the most powerful benefits of BN inference—is not present when the effect variable is observed as false. Yet, for many real-world problems where the leaky noisy-OR has been considered, this behavior would be expected, meaning that leaky noisy-OR is deficient as an approximation of the required relationship in such cases. There have been previous attempts to adapt the noisy-OR to resolve this problem. However, they require too many additional parameters to be elicited. We describe a simple but powerful extension to leaky noisy-OR that requires only a single additional parameter. While it does not solve the CII problem in all cases, it does resolve most of the explaining away deficiencies that occur in practice. The problem and solution is illustrated using an example from intelligence analysis.
Derivación de una regla de predicción clínica para la gravedad de una exacerbación de epoc

Antecedentes: El 80% de las exacerbaciones agudas de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica (EPOC) se atienden en Atencion Primaria. Sin embargo, ningun modelo predictivo se ha derivado o validado en este ambito para ayudar a los medicos de familia a tomar decisiones sobre estos pacientes. Metodos: Entre diciembre de 2013 y noviembre de 2014, estudiamos 2.238 exacerbaciones de EPOC en personas de 40 o mas anos procedentes de 148 centros de salud de Espana. Se recogieron variables demograficas, antecedentes, signos y sintomas de los pacientes. Se derivo un modelo de regresion logistica para la mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 30 dias de la ultima visita en AP. Resultados: 1.696 exacerbaciones fueron incluidas en el analisis. 17 (1%) murieron durante el seguimiento. Se derivo una regla de prediccion clinica con las exacerbaciones sufridas en los ultimos 12 meses, edad y frecuencia cardiaca, con un area bajo la curva caracteristica de operador de 0,812 (intervalo de confianza al 95%; 0,723 – 0,899) y buena calibracion. Esta regla estratifica a los pacientes en tres categorias de riesgo y sugiere al medico una actuacion diferente en cada una: manejar en Atencion Primaria a los pacientes de riesgo bajo, derivar a Urgencias Hospitalarias a los pacientes de riesgo alto y tener en cuenta otros criterios para la toma de decisiones en los pacientes de riesgo medio. Conclusiones: Es posible estimar con precision el riesgo de muerte por exacerbacion de EPOC sin necesidad de utilizar instrumentos complejos. Esta regla puede ayudar a los medicos de familia a optimizar los medios diagnosticos y terapeuticos que utilizan en estos pacientes.
Paradigm shift: the Copernican revolution in diverticular disease

Diverticular disease (DD) is an umbrella definition that includes different clinical conditions ranging from diverticulosis to severe and potentially life-threatening complications. In the last decade, new concepts regarding pathogenetic alterations have been developed, while the diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic approaches to the management of DD patients have changed. The protective role of dietary factors (i.e., fiber) has been questioned, whilst some drugs widely used in clinical practice have been found to have a deleterious effect. The use of antibiotics in all patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis was reconsidered, as well as the need for a surgical approach in these patients. Conflicting recommendations in different guidelines were proposed for the treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated DD. An endoscopic classification of DD was introduced, and a “curative” endoscopic approach has been pioneered. Based on these observations, which together amount to a kind of “Copernican revolution” in the management of DD patients, we performed a comprehensive and critical reappraisal of the proposed modifications, aiming to discriminate between certainties and doubts on this issue.
An adaptive-prediction-horizon model prediction control for path tracking in a four-wheel independent control electric vehicle

An adaptive-prediction-horizon model prediction control-based path tracking controller for a four-wheel independent control electric vehicle is designed. Unlike traditional model prediction control with fixed prediction horizon, this paper devotes to satisfy the varied path tracking demand by adjusting online the prediction horizon of model prediction control according to its effect on vehicle dynamic characteristics. Vehicle dynamic stability quantized with the vehicle sideslip-feature phase plane is preferentially considered in the prediction horizon adjustment. For stability during switching prediction horizon and for robustness during path tracking, the numerical problem inherent in the adaptive-prediction-horizon model prediction control is analysed and solved by introducing exponentially decreasing weight. Subsequently, the desired motion for path tracking with the four-wheel independent control electric vehicle is realized with a hierarchical control structure. Simulation results finally illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Salud mental en población penitenciaria ecuatoriana

Esta tesis doctoral realizada en el entorno penitenciario ecuatoriano, tiene como objetivo principal conocer mejor la salud mental de una muestra de reclusos hombres y mujeres, que han cometido diversos delitos por los cuales cumplen una pena privativa de libertad. Este trabajo esta dividido en cuatro capitulos, en el primer capitulo se aborda el planteamiento teorico de este trabajo, desde el concepto de delito, los factores explicativos del mismo, el sistema penitenciario, el trabajo de la psicologia en este medio y la salud mental en la poblacion reclusa. En el segundo capitulo se describe la metodologia utilizada para llevar a cabo este trabajo. El capitulo tercero recoge los cinco estudios empiricos realizados. En el primer estudio se describe y se compara la poblacion reclusa con la poblacion general en sintomas y trastornos psicopatologicos. El segundo trabajo, se centra en la descripcion y comparacion de las caracteristicas y patrones de personalidad en la poblacion reclusa y se comparan con una muestra de la poblacion general. El tercer estudio aborda la situacion psicologica de las mujeres internas frente a los hombres. El cuarto estudio, explora las experiencias traumaticas tanto en hombres como en mujeres penados/as, y su repercusion en la sintomatologia y la agresividad. Finalmente el quinto estudio, trata sobre la reincidencia penitenciaria, describiendo los factores psicopatologicos y delictivos que caracterizan a los reclusos reincidentes y analizando los factores que se relacionan con la reincidencia. Por ultimo, el capitulo cuarto presenta las conclusiones generales de esta tesis doctoral. En definitiva, el presente trabajo trata de contribuir a hacer mas visible la problematica de la salud mental en los centros penitenciarios, que es un area poco abordada en el eje del tratamiento penitenciario ecuatoriano. Asimismo, se espera que este trabajo contribuya aportando informacion para el nuevo modelo de gestion penitenciaria del pais, lo que permitiria mejorar las politicas de salud publica establecidas en las carceles ecuatorianas.
Induction expérimentale d'une différenciation sociale chez l'homme

La situation de difficulte d'acces a la nourriture est un modele experimental qui consiste a contraindre des rats a nager en apnee le long d'un aquarium jusqu'a une mangeoire et a rapporter la nourriture ainsi obtenue dans la cage d'habitation, pour pouvoir la consommer. L'apparition de la contrainte aquatique va provoquer, au sein d'un groupe de 6 rats, l'emergence d'une differenciation sociale entre des animaux Transporteurs qui plongent et ramenent ainsi la nourriture, et des individus Non-Transporteurs qui ne plongent jamais et se nourrissent en la volant aux Transporteurs. Ce phenomene est reproductible, stable dans le temps et correspond a un processus auto-organise dans lequel seraient impliquees des operations cognitives d'ordre social. Dans le but d'etudier le role ou non de tels facteurs chez l'homme, une modelisation de la situation « rat » a ete realisee chez l'homme. Elle consiste a mettre en situation un groupe de 6 sujets au sein d'une activite ludique ayant pour but l'accumulation de points. Sous l'effet de contraintes de plus en plus fortes relatives a l'obtention des points, une structuration sociale emerge menant a l'apparition de roles similaires a ceux observes dans le modele animal sur la base des interactions entre les sujets et de la representation que chacun se fait de cette situation. Ces observations suggerent un role preponderant de facteurs relevant de la cognition sociale dans l'elaboration et la stabilisation de cette structure.
El lenguaje metafórico en la ciencia: análisis de la metáfora en textos de física y astrofísica en inglés y en español

Esta tesis, de caracter interdisciplinar, aporta un estudio de la metafora como un fenomeno del lenguaje y del pensamiento en las ciencias fisicas, partiendo de la fisica clasica hasta llegar a la fisica de particulas y a la astrofisica. El estudio, en el que convergen diferentes teorias linguisticas: la semantica, la pragmatica y la funcional, aporta una nueva tipologia adecuada a las areas tratadas que esta en consonancia con la metafora como instrumento para la expresion metaforicos y los parametros para la evaluacion de la bondad metaforica en la ciencia, ya que los estudios realizados hasta la fecha solamente se refieren a la bondad en el campo literario.
Estrategias de participación activa en la formación continuada. Resultados de un curso de resolución de escenarios clínicos

participation of the students in a continued education course was evaluated. Methods: eight pediatric clinical scenes were selected, those that implied diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions making, for those that the evidence available did not allow to establish precise recommendations. Before de course, the students received documentation of each scene with a clinical case, a series of questions, a guide of search and interpretation and some recent related articles. In the course, the answers to the questions were gathered, before and after the communications made by a group of experts. The suitability and agreement of the answers with respect to the experts� recommendations were analyzed. Results: From the 126 students, data of 105 initial and 83 final questionnaires were obtained. The agreement of the answers between students and experts increased globally from the initial to the final surveys. If the questions of each scene with an only recommended answer were considered, this increase was from 56.2% (IC95%: 53.9 to 58.5) to 76.3% (IC95%: 74 to 78.5). The articles sent along with the clinical scenes influenced in general little or nothing in answers (medium 69.7%; rank 50 to 78.8%), except for the scene 3, in which a Spanish Clinical Practice Guideline influenced in half of the answers. Nevertheless, the opinion of the experts influenced much or enough in answers (medium 69.9%; rank 48.1 to 87.5%). Conclusions: The answers of the pediatricians represented in the course show a great variability, being some of them inadequate. The little impact of published scientific articles on the decision making contrasts with the great influence of the experts� opinions. The incorporation of strategies of active participation in the continued education has a quantifiable effect on our level of knowledge and our capacity to make decisions.
Renal replacement therapy in crush syndrome

A digital camera is provided with an optical filter unit 43 which is movable in the slide direction SL in front of the CCD 41, and infrared light emitters 25 and 32 for emitting near-infrared light. The optical filter 43 has an infrared cut filter 45 for cutting light in the infrared range, and a visible light cut filter for selectively transmitting light of the infrared range by cutting light in the visible light range. While maintaining the identicalness of the main object, the infrared cut filter 45 is disposed above the CCD 41 to acquire visible light image data via the CCD 41, and the object is irradiated with infrared light emitted from the infrared emitters 25 and 32, and the visible light cut filter is disposed above the CCD 41 to acquire infrared image data, i.e., non-visible light image data, by the CCD 41. As a result, a visible light image and a non-visible light image are easily acquired of the same object.
Robotización, neofeudalismo e ingreso básico universal

La sustitucion laboral de seres humanos por robots es gradual pero imparable. El proceso se acelera con un tipo de neofeudalismo en el que las distancias entre los que «tienen» y los que «no tienen» no hace sino aumentar a escala global. En 2017, de cada 10 dolares estadounidenses de nueva riqueza, 8 fueron para el 1% de los superricos. En el futuro robotico, la cobertura de los riesgos sociales va a necesitar de la solidaridad del conjunto de la ciudadania mediante la implementacion de programas de ingresos basicos universales.
Astimli Olgularda Konvansiyonel Tedavinin ve Erdosteinin Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Etkisi

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of oxidative stress before and after treatment in asthma patients, and also to define whether erdosteine, a mucolytic agent with antioxidant activity, has an additional benefit to treatment. We analyzed oxidative stress by using malondialdehyde (MDA) level and antioxidant defense system by using superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation. We prospectively studied 41 (9 male, 32 female) consecutive mild to moderate asthma patients who were treated in our hospital between August 2003 and February 2004. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. The study was planned as double-blinded placebo confirmed study. MDA levels and SOD activity were detected in serum of patients before and after 15 day period of treatment. MDA levels at baseline and after the therapy were found 13.32 ± 8.43 and 11.19 ± 8.76 nmol/mL, and SOD activity were found 7.71 ± 4.04 and 8.20 ± 3.60 U/mL, respectively. Although there was no significant increase in the SOD activity after the therapy, we found statistically significant reduction in the level of MDA in each group (p< 0.05). In the patients of group 1 who had taken erdostein and group 2, the differences in SOD activity at baseline and after the therapy were 0.46 ± 2.59 and 0.52 ± 2.77 (p= 0.611), respectively and the differences in MDA level were 2.22 ± 5.02 and 2.03 ± 4.43 (p= 0.72), respectively. As a conclusion; we found
The Verbal-Kinesic Enactment of Contrast in North American English

In this paper, I explore the linguistic and kinesic expression of contrast—the pitting of one position, object, or idea, against another. The archetype utterance for the embodied expression of contrast in English is the bipartite construction On the one hand . On the other hand . in which hand gestures are often performed sequentially along the sagittal axis (first on one side and then on the other side of the body) to depict the two options. However, English speakers have a variety of other linguistic means available to them for expressing contrast. Using data from naturally occurring discourse, I describe a range of linguistic resources that mark contrast and examine the semiotic relationships at play in the dynamic, multimodal signs (i.e. speech / gesture constructions) that accompany them. I demonstrate that, far from being ad hoc, when analyzed across the propositional, cognitive, and discursive domains, the way in which contrast is marked in the body can be viewed on a continuum of highly imageable to more schematically iconic kinesic movements. By placing the primary focus on the multimodal sign, this paper makes clear how speakers of North American English build semiotic environments around the construal of contrast.
Western versus African Medical Knowledge Systems

Epistemička osnova zbilje, naročito znanje Zapada, često se opisuje kao opće i time kao dano, dok se oblici koji ne odgovaraju paradigmi Zapada izazivaju i odbacuju kao inferiorni i nevrijedni znanstvene analize. Retoriku zapadnog vs. ne¬zapadnog znanja, naročito u okviru afričke tradicije, čini se da karakterizira patronistička sugestija da je ne-zapadno znanje inferiorno sistemima zapadne racionalnosti. Ta je retorika i ideološka orijentacija duboko ukorijenjena u akademski diskurs kada je u pitanju proizvodnja znanja i alata. Nastanila se u zapadnjačko obrazovanje i ostala dominantna stoljećima. Podtekstualna pretpostavka takvog diskursa nepotkrijepljena je jer se zasniva na znanstvenoj tradiciji koja je antagonistička prema drugačijim oblicima znanja. U ovom radu argumentiramo da je prava razlika između zapadnog i afričkog sustava medicinskog znanja ne toliko u rezultatima, koliko u epistemičkoj osnovi koja ih oblikuje. Tvrdimo da su svi oblici znanja kontingentni prema specifičnim kontekstima te evaluacijski kriterij dizajniran da vrednuje njihovu univerzalnu istinu nema korisnu funkciju osim promicanja lažnog hegemonijskog narativa s jedinom svrhom da dominira i eksploatira. Zaključujemo tako što zagovaramo proširenje glavnog medicinskog znanja istraživanjem drugih oblika epistemologije, bez predrasuda