Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The RNF168 paralog RNF169 defines a new class of ubiquitylated histone reader involved in the response to DNA damage

Site-specific histone ubiquitylation plays a central role in orchestrating the response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs elicit a cascade of events controlled by the ubiquitin ligase RNF168, which promotes the accumulation of repair factors such as 53BP1 and BRCA1 on the chromatin flanking the break site. RNF168 also promotes its own accumulation, and that of its paralog RNF169, but how they recognize ubiquitylated chromatin is unknown. Using methyl-TROSY solution NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we present an atomic resolution model of human RNF169 binding to a ubiquitylated nucleosome, and validate it by electron cryomicroscopy. We establish that RNF169 binds to ubiquitylated H2A-Lys13/Lys15 in a manner that involves its canonical ubiquitin-binding helix and a pair of arginine-rich motifs that interact with the nucleosome acidic patch. This three-pronged interaction mechanism is distinct from that by which 53BP1 binds to ubiquitylated H2A-Lys15 highlighting the diversity in site-specific recognition of ubiquitylated nucleosomes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.23872. 001
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Vascular and Neural Disease

This review will focus on the impact of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in the development of diabetes-induced vascular and neural dysfunction. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of oxidation products and the ability of antioxidant mechanisms to neutralize these products is tilted in the favor of the former. The production of reactive oxygen species has been shown to be increased in patients with diabetes. The possible sources for the overproduction of reactive oxygen species is widespread and include enzymatic pathways, autoxidation of glucose and the mitochondria. Increase in oxidative stress has clearly been shown to contribute to the pathology of vascular disease not only in diabetes but also in hypertension, stroke and ischemia. Since the etiology of diabetic neuropathy is considered to have a large vascular component, prevention of oxidative stress in diabetes is considered by many investigators to be a primary defense against the development of diabetic vascular disease. Potential therapies for preventing increased oxidative stress in diabetes and the neural vasculature will be discussed.
Identification of a novel PPAR b / d / miR-21-3 p axis in UV-induced skin inflammation

Although excessive exposure to UV is widely recognized as a major factor leading to skin perturbations and cancer, the complex mechanisms underlying inflammatory skin disorders resulting from UV exposure remain incompletely characterized. The nuclear hormone receptor PPARb/d is known to control mouse cutaneous repair and UV-induced skin cancer development. Here, we describe a novel PPARb/d-dependent molecular cascade involving TGFb1 and miR21-3p, which is activated in the epidermis in response to UV exposure. We establish that the passenger miRNA miR-21-3p, that we identify as a novel UV-induced miRNA in the epidermis, plays a proinflammatory function in keratinocytes and that its high level of expression in human skin is associated with psoriasis and squamous cell carcinomas. Finally, we provide evidence that inhibition of miR-21-3p reduces UV-induced cutaneous inflammation in ex vivo human skin biopsies, thereby underlining the clinical relevance of miRNA-based topical therapies for cutaneous disorders.
Kinematics after tear in the anterior cruciate ligament: Dynamic bilateral radiostereometric studies in 11 patients

We studied the kinematics of both knees using radiostereometry in 11 patients with unilateral injury of the anterior cruciate ligament and normal contralateral knee. Continuous radiostereometric exposures at a speed of 2-4 exposures a second were performed, when the patients ascended an 8 cm high platform. The tibial center was more dorsally displaced and the tibia more externally rotated on the injured side. This increasing external tibial rotation was associated with increased anterior displacement of the lateral femoral condyle. The latter also displayed less anterior-posterior translations during continuous extension. The anterior-posterior translation of the medial condyle was about the same as on the uninjured side. Changes in the kinematics of the knee joint due to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament can result in an abnormal joint load, which may increase the risk of damage to the cartilage and the menisci.
DejaVu: deterministic Java replay debugger for Jalapeño Java virtual machine

The execution behavior of a Java application can be non-deterministic due to multithreading. This non-determinism makes understanding and debugging multithreaded Java applications a difficult and laborious process. DejaVu (Deterministic Java Replay Utility) helps the user in understanding and debugging non-deterministic Java applications by deterministically replaying the execution behavior of a non-deterministic execution. In this demo, we will present a debugger for the Jalapeño Java Virtual Machine that utilizes the replay capability provided by DejaVu. The debugger helps in isolating non-deterministic failure(s) by faithfully reproducing the same execution behavior that led to the observe failure(s). Jalapeno is a JVM being developed at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. The debugger provides the following features: (1) DejaVu deterministically replays Java programs; (2) Remote Reflection supports general debugging functionalities such as setting breakpoints, examining the program state, and detecting deadlocks; and (3) a GUI provides an intuitive and easy to use interface.
Specific Dephosphorylation of the Lck Tyrosine Protein Kinase at Tyr-394 by the SHP-1 Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase*

The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 has been shown to be a negative regulator of multiple signaling pathways in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we demonstrate that SHP-1 dephosphorylates the lymphoid-specific Src family kinase Lck at Tyr-394 when both are transiently co-expressed in nonlymphoid cells. We also demonstrate that a GST-SHP-1 fusion protein specifically dephosphorylates Lck at Tyr-394 in vitro. Because phosphorylation of Tyr-394 activates Lck, the fact that SHP-1 specifically dephosphorylates this site suggests that SHP-1 is a negative regulator of Lck. The failure of SHP-1 to inactivate Lck may contribute to some of the lymphoid abnormalities observed in motheaten mice.
Salient infrared target and visible image fusion based on morphological segmentation

The considerable information from different images of same scene can be integrated into single image by using image fusion which is worthy for human visualization and computer vision and other image-processing tasks. In this paper, single resolution weighted average image fusion approach based on morphological operations is proposed. To select salient infrared targets details from infrared imagery and spatial detailed information from visible imagery, the morphological operation are applied on input images for weight map computation. By adopting the proposed method, spatial information is mostly preserved and infrared targets can be easily visualized in the resulting fused images. Experimental results are demonstrated to support the validity of morphological operations for weighted average based fusion of infrared image and visible image.
RESPIRATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI MEMBRANE-ENVELOPE FRAGMENTS

The sensitivity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase and succinoxidase to metal chelators, the generation of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal upon addition of these substrates, and the rate of formation of the EPR signal relative to the rate of the cytochrome reduction suggest the participation of nonheme iron proteins in the respiratory process of Escherichia coli. The most inhibitory metal chelator, thenoyltrifluoro acetone, inhibited the reduction of nonheme iron and cytochromes but did not prevent the reoxidation of the reduced forms. The EPR signal, dehydrogenase, and oxidase activities evoked by NADH are considerably greater than the corresponding activities evoked by succinate. Because both substrates can reduce almost all of the cytochromes, a model in which fewer succinate dehydrogenase-nonheme iron protein complexes are linked to a common cytochrome chain than NADH dehydrogenase-nonheme iron protein complexes is considered likely.
Role of Depression and Social Isolation at Time of Waitlisting for Survival 8 Years After Heart Transplantation

Background We evaluated depression and social isolation assessed at time of waitlisting as predictors of survival in heart transplant (HTx) recipients. Methods and Results Between 2005 and 2006, 318 adult HTx candidates were enrolled in the Waiting for a New Heart Study, and 164 received transplantation. Patients were followed until February 2013. Psychosocial characteristics were assessed by questionnaires. Eurotransplant provided medical data at waitlisting, transplantation dates, and donor characteristics; hospitals reported medical data at HTx and date of death after HTx. During a median follow‐up of 70 months (<1–93 months post‐HTx), 56 (38%) of 148 transplanted patients with complete data died. Depression scores were unrelated to social isolation, and neither correlated with disease severity. Higher depression scores increased the risk of dying (hazard ratio=1.07, 95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.15, P=0.032), which was moderated by social isolation scores (significant interaction term; hazard ratio = 0.985, 95% confidence interval, 0.973, 0.998; P=0.022). These findings were maintained in multivariate models controlling for covariates (P values 0.020–0.039). Actuarial 1‐year/5‐year survival was best for patients with low depression who were not socially isolated at waitlisting (86% after 1 year, 79% after 5 years). Survival of those who were either depressed, or socially isolated or both, was lower, especially 5 years posttransplant (56%, 60%, and 62%, respectively). Conclusions Low depression in conjunction with social integration at time of waitlisting is related to enhanced chances for survival after HTx. Both factors should be considered for inclusion in standardized assessments and interventions for HTx candidates.
Retinylamine Benefits Early Diabetic Retinopathy in Mice*

Background: The development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is incompletely understood. Administered retinylamine is stored in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) where it affects the ocular visual cycle. Results: Retinylamine inhibited vascular and neural lesions of early DR. Conclusion: Both the RPE and visual cycle are novel targets for the inhibition of DR. Significance: Vision-related processes can contribute to DR. Recent evidence suggests an important role for outer retinal cells in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here we investigated the effect of the visual cycle inhibitor retinylamine (Ret-NH2) on the development of early DR lesions. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice (male, 2 months old when diabetes was induced) were made diabetic with streptozotocin, and some were given Ret-NH2 once per week. Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT)-deficient mice and P23H mutant mice were similarly studied. Mice were euthanized after 2 (WT and Lrat−/−) and 8 months (WT) of study to assess vascular histopathology, accumulation of albumin, visual function, and biochemical and physiological abnormalities in the retina. Non-retinal effects of Ret-NH2 were examined in leukocytes treated in vivo. Superoxide generation and expression of inflammatory proteins were significantly increased in retinas of mice diabetic for 2 or 8 months, and the number of degenerate retinal capillaries and accumulation of albumin in neural retina were significantly increased in mice diabetic for 8 months compared with nondiabetic controls. Administration of Ret-NH2 once per week inhibited capillary degeneration and accumulation of albumin in the neural retina, significantly reducing diabetes-induced retinal superoxide and expression of inflammatory proteins. Superoxide generation also was suppressed in Lrat−/− diabetic mice. Leukocytes isolated from diabetic mice treated with Ret-NH2 caused significantly less cytotoxicity to retinal endothelial cells ex vivo than did leukocytes from control diabetics. Administration of Ret-NH2 once per week significantly inhibited the pathogenesis of lesions characteristic of early DR in diabetic mice. The visual cycle constitutes a novel target for inhibition of DR.
Analysing users' access logs in Moodle to improve e learning

In this work the UFSC (Federal University of Santa Catarina) and the FGV-RJ (Fundação Getúlio Vargas do Rio de Janeiro) jointly propose the use of a data mining tool to support the analysis of trends, students profiles, as well as to estimate or foresee the usability level of courses being offered, via Moodle, in the Education area. The study carried out by UFSC on the Moodle database allowed a deep understanding of its database, thus making it easier for the Moodle community to execute important tasks, such as the maintenance of the Moodle database, its adaptation following an institutional customization, and, also, a data mart project by the FGV-Online Program to make the necessary analysis possible. In the end of this paper, an example on its applicability is presented, using the association rules technique. Once a data mart oriented to the analysis of the system's usability is developed, various analyses with different objectives can be executed using the database. Some may use the method proposed here or others, including different data mining approaches, such as clustering, neural networks etc. As such, a new contribution is given to the Moodle community.
Principales alteraciones causadas por anquilosis en dientes temporales

La anquilosis en dientes temporales ha sido desde hace anos ,un tema de discusion debido al impacto que genera tanto en la oclusion como en la estetica facial. En el presente estudio se ha llevado a cabo una revision bibliografica de las principales consecuencias que se derivan de la anquilosis en dientes temporales o de su tratamiento tardio, asi como las opciones terapeuticas mas mencionadas en la bibliografia. Conclusiones: La anquilosis sin tratamiento en dientes temporales genera una disminucion del crecimiento del hueso alveolar, inclinacion de los dientes adyacentes y perdida del espacio ortodoncico.
Scene aware smooth playout control for portable media players over random VBR channels

Wireless Multimedia service faces the difficulty of QoS decrease caused by the cache underflow, due to both the unreliable and time-varying nature of the wireless channel. In order to reduce the probability of the cache outage, a statistical model is established to estimate the underflow time of the cache. Based on the estimation of the underflow time, an adaptive playout algorithm with dual-threshold to adjust the frame rate is presented. This approach adjusts the threshold dynamically according to the channel conditions and the status of the cache, and thus regulates the frame rate timely. Moreover, the algorithm possesses scene-aware characteristics, since it adjusts the playout rate according to the motion intensity of the playout scenes to reduce the underflow probability of the cache and provide better QoS. Simulation results show that as compared to other adaptive media playout algorithms, the proposed algorithm efficiently reduces the probability of the cache underflow, especially in low rate channel and timevarying rate environment, and provides better visual quality.
A sensitivity-based construction approach to sample-path variance minimization of Markov decision processes

We study the limiting average variance along the sample path as the secondary criterion for Markov decision processes, with the long-run average performance as the primary criterion. By applying the sensitivity-based approach, we intuitively construct the difference formula for the sample-path variance under different policies. Thereby, a sufficient condition for the sample-path variance optimality can be easily derived. This work extends the sensitivity-based construction approach to the Markov decision processes with the nonstandard performance criterion. Compared with the pure mathematical verification, the sensitivity-based construction approach shows more intuition and provides insights on the sample-path structure of Markov decision processes.
The influence of oceanographic fronts and early-life-history traits on connectivity among littoral fish species

The spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity is mainly influenced by barriers to dispersal. The nature of such barriers varies according to the dispersal means and capabilities of the organisms concerned. Although these barriers are often obvious on land, in the ocean they can be more difficult to identify. Determining the relative influence of physical and biotic factors on genetic connectivity remains a major challenge for marine ecologists. Here, we compare gene flow patterns of 7 littoral fish species from 6 families with a range of early-life-history traits sampled at the same geographic locations across common environmental discontinuities in the form of oceanic fronts in the Western Mediterranean. We show that these fronts represent major barriers to gene flow and have a strong influence on the population genetic structure of some fish species. We also found no significant relation between the early-life-history traits most commonly investigated (egg type, pelagic larval duration, and inshore-offshore spawning) and gene flow patterns, suggesting that other life-history factors should deserve attention. The fronts analyzed and the underlying physical mechanisms are not site-specific but common among the oceans, suggesting the generality of our findings.
Varactor-tunable frequency selective surface with resistive-lumped-element biasing grids

A novel tunable frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented consisting of vertically and horizontally positioned convoluted dipole FSS elements. Each of the latter incorporates a varactor diode, which is biased via novel resistive-lumped-element biasing grids that suppress undesirable resonances and improve the filter's low-pass response. The proposed design is shown, numerically and experimentally, to perform well. It is expected that this letter will assist research work in low-cost, large-scale tunable FSS.
Diphtheria toxin and related proteins. I. Isolation and properties of mutant proteins serologically related to diphtheria toxin.

Abstract The kinetics of diphtheria toxin production by a mutant of the C7(β) strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been studied. This strain, C7-262(β), produces unusually low yields of toxin, although its β-prophage carries a normal tox gene. The isolation of five strains of β-phage, each carrying a different mutation of its tox gene, is described. Lysogens carrying these mutants as prophages produce altered extracellular proteins (cross-reacting materials), serologically related to toxin, each of which has been isolated in purified form. Two of them, cross-reacting materials 30 and 45, are of lower molecular weight than toxin. Although Fragment A, which contains the enzymically active NH2-terminal region of the molecule, isolated from these mutant proteins could not be distinguished from Fragment A derived from toxin itself, cross-reacting materials 30 and 45 are nontoxic for susceptible animals. The other three mutant proteins are serologically indistinguishable from wild type toxin. Cross-reactive materials 197 and 228 are nontoxic because of amino acid substitutions in the Fragment A portion of the molecule causing loss of enzymic activity. Cross-reacting material 176 contains an altered Fragment A which retains about 8 to 10% of the enzymic activity of the wild type. In vivo, however, cross-reacting material 176 is only 0.2 to 0.4% as toxic as intact toxin.
A Survey on Single Scalar Point Multiplication Algorithms for Elliptic Curves over Prime Fields

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is an attractive field of research since it requires a shorter key length compared to other public-key cryptosystems such as RSA. A shorter key reduces the required computations, power consumption, and storage. The major time-consuming operation in ECC is the point multiplication, kP . Therefore, a lot of research has been carried out to improve the efficiency of ECC implementations. Composite Elliptic Curve (EC) operations and recoding methods are two factors that affect the efficiency of EC scalar multiplication. Deciding which composite EC operation to be used in an ECC system helps to improve the computational efficiency. In addition, finding a method that accelerates the EC computations, which depends on a new recoding method and employing the most efficient composite operations, is considered a pressing need. In this a research, a survey of EC single scalar multiplication methods is introduced. Therefore, a comprehensive information related to EC multiplication methods will be provided in order to facilitate literature review for researchers who would like to conduct a research in this area of science.
Einführung in die Dialektometrie

Die Dialektometrie liegt am Schnittpunkt zwischen der Computerlinguistik und der Dialektologie. Zielsetzung der Dialektometrie ist es, dialektologische Daten mit Hilfe von statistischen Methoden zu analysieren. Dabei entstehen synthetische Raumbilder einer Dialektlandschaft, wie dies durch eine manuelle Analyse der Daten kaum moglich ware. Ich werde in diesem Teil auf die grundlegenden dialektometrischen Methoden eingehen (z.B. Clustering, multidimensionale Skalierung) und einige Anwendungsbeispiele mit verschiedenen Datensatzen von schweizerdeutschen Dialekten zeigen.
Dermatology in public health - a model for surveillance of common skin diseases

Aims: The aim was to establish a baseline prevalence of skin conditions of public health importance in the general population and taking the validity of the questions into account. Our model is intended for future surveillance of skin conditions. Methods: The suggested questions have for the first time been used in Swedish population surveys. A random sample was taken from the general population aged 16 to 84 years of the participating areas. Results: During the past 12 months, hand eczema was reported by 9.4%, childhood eczema by 15.7% and nickel allergy by 13.7% of the population. Hand and childhood eczema questions have previously been validated. Taking the validity into account, the actual population prevalence of hand eczema (11.7%) is underestimated, and the prevalence of atopic childhood eczema (10.0%) is overestimated based on the results of the questionnaire. In addition to presenting prevalence, population survey results can be used for risk analyses. A 10-fold risk of hand eczema in individuals with childhood eczema and self-reported nickel sensitivity is shown in our study. Conclusions: Questionnaires can be used for epidemiologic surveillance so long as the questions are validated and that the validity is taken into account when estimating the occurrence of the conditions. Public health surveys such as this one lay the basis for future epidemiological surveillance of skin conditions that can be subject to interventions. We propose that these, or similar, questions should be used regularly in population surveys and supplemented by questions on skin exposure.