Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Geografi Lingkungan Berbasis Konstruktivis Dengan Model Pembelajaran Cooperatif Learning

AbstractAdapun produk yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian pengembangan ini adalah buku ajar geografi lingkungan berbasis konstruktivis dengan model pembelajaran cooperatif learning. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, produk penelitin yang dihasilkan berupa buku ajar geografi lingkungan berbasis konstruktivis dengan model pembelajaran cooperatif learning layak digunakan oleh mahasiswa dan dosen geografi lingkungan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar, hal ini didasari oleh: 1) penilaian yang telah dilakukan oleh para ahli baik ahli isi, ahli bahasa, maupun ahli desain dengan nilai baik; 2) tanggapan atau penilaian yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Geografi dan dosen geografi lingkungan dengan kategori baik; dan 3) hasil uji coba, baik uji coba terbatas maupun uji coba lebih luas, menunjukkan peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar yang cukup signifikan hal ini bisa dilihat dari nilai pretes dan postes. Selanjutnya, hasil validasi model menunjukkan bahwa kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan dengan produk hasil pengembangan memiliki motivasi dan hasil belajar yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang diajarkan mengunakan metode pembelajaran ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi utama dalam perbaikan mutu pembelajaran geografi lingkungan.Kata Kunci : bahan ajar, geografi lingkungan, konstruktivis, cooperatif learning, motivasi dan hasil belajarThe products produced in this development research are constructivicist-based environment teaching books with a cooperative learning model. Based on research done, the product that produced the results of a constructivist-based environmental geographic teaching book with a cooperative learning model is appropriate for students and environmental geography lecturers to Improve motivation and learning outcomes, this is based on: 1) assessments that have been performed by experts in both content experts, linguists, and good value design experts; 2) Responses or assessments conducted by students of Geography education study Program and lecturer of environmental geography with good category; and 3) test results, both limited trials and wider trials, demonstrate increased motivation and significant learning outcomes this can be seen from the value of pretes and postes. Further, model validation results show that experimental classes taught with product development have better motivation and learning outcomes when compared to the control class taught using learning methods Talks, discussions and FAQs. The results of this research are expected to be used as a major reference in improving the quality of environmental geography learning.Key words: teaching materials, environmental geography, constructivicist, cooperative learning, motivation and learning outcomes
Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Demand for energy in day to day life is increasing exponentially. However, existing energy storage technologies like lithium ion batteries cannot stand alone to fulfill future needs. In this regard, potassium ion batteries (KIBs) that utilize K ions in their charge storage mechanism have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and are therefore established as one of the future battery systems of interest among the scientific community. Nevertheless, the development and identification of appropriate electrode materials is very essential for practical applications. This review features the current development in KIBs electrode and electrolyte materials, the present challenges facing this technology (in the commercial aspect), and future aspects to develop fully functional KIBs. The potassium storage mechanisms, evolution of the KIBs, and the advantages and disadvantages of each category of materials are included. Additionally, various approaches to enhance the electrochemical performances of KIBs are also discussed. This review is not only an amalgamation of different viewpoints in literature, but also contains concise perspectives and strategies. Moreover, the potential emergence of a novel class of K‐based dual ion batteries is also analyzed for the first time.
Perceived benefits, constraints and determinants of sustainable intensification of mixed crop and livestock systems in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT In West African Sahel, there has been an only limited intensification of the mixed crop and livestock systems due to many constraints faced by smallholder farmers including climate change, low use of external inputs, insecure land tenure, and low adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies. However, the growing demand for food caused by a rapidly growing population offers opportunities for intensification of farming systems in the region in view of the current low productivity. A study involving 400 households was carried out in two provinces (Seno and Yatenga) in Burkina Faso in the Sahelian zone of the country to characterize the intensification practices by smallholder farmers in mixed crop and livestock systems. Our results confirmed the advantage of intensification practices in terms of increased crop and livestock productivity which is critical to improving food security. Also, the results showed that access to extension services is an important determinant of adoption of intensification practices in both study sites, which reaffirmed the vital role of extension services in adoption of agricultural technologies. The results also showed strong differences in adoption of intensification practices between the two provinces driven by their divergent history of land use, even though both provinces fall in the same agro-ecological zone.
Input-to-State Stability of Nonlinear Systems Using Observer-Based Event-Triggered Impulsive Control

In this article, we are concerned with the input-to-state stability (ISS) problem for a class of nonlinear systems with exogenous disturbances, where the states of the system are not fully available. Based on the idea of event-triggered control (ETC) strategy, a novel event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is designed to reduce the burden of the communication and controller updating with guaranteed performance requirement. Correspondingly, an observer-based impulsive controller coupled with sample control is proposed such that the controlled system is ISS under the designed ETM. Moreover, the possible accumulations of triggered instants (i.e., Zeno behavior) in the proposed control strategy are excluded. The controller gains and ETM parameters are co-designed by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Effectiveness and toxicity of the transfection of lentiviral vector-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein to rat cornea

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and toxicity of the transfection of lentiviral vector-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein (LV-EGFP) to rat cornea with different concentrations and methods, and to look for the most effective way for transfecting the virus to rat cornea. Methods Twenty-five SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely MOI=5 eyedrop group (group A), MOI=5 subconjunctival injection group (group B), MOI=10 eyedrop group (group C), MOI=10 subconjunctival injection group (group D), and MOI=10 in vitro transfection group (group E). Rats in each group were treated with corresponding concentration of LV-EGFP respectively. The distribution and intensity of fluorescence in the corneas were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope, and the corneal cellular morphology was observed with HE staining 7 days after transfection. Results Within the same MOI groups, fluorescence spread more uniformly in eyedrop groups as compared with that in subconjunctival injection groups. The fluorescence intensity (A value) in five groups were 0.1803±0.0440, 0.1061±0.0434, 0.2369±0.0157, 0.2002±0.0307, 0.2434±0.0173 respectively, which was stronger in eyedrop groups than in subconjunctival injection groups (P<0.05). In high MOI groups more EGFP could be expressed as compared with low MOI groups (P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in group E than in groups A, B and D, while there was no statistical significant difference between groups E and C. HE staining showed no apoptotic corneal endothelial cells. The corneal endothelial cells were still growing well with no shrinkage, deformation and loss in vitro 7 days after transfection. Conclusion Rat cornea could be effectively transfected by LV-EGFP with low MOI. Eyedrop method is found to have a higher efficiency compared with subconjunctival injection. An increase in amount of MOI can increase transfection efficiency. Continuous transfection with low MOI to cornea of rat is safe. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn. 0577-7402.2014. 04-11
Efficient multi-cluster feature selection on text data

Abstract Feature selection methods are used to obtain relevant feature subset from the original feature space that is of high dimension for efficient classification and clustering of data. Most real world datasets are of multi-cluster nature with correlation amongst the features. This paper proposes a new method of multi-cluster feature selection, called Efficient Multi-Cluster Feature Selection (EMCFS). It obtains only the features that can best preserve the multiple cluster structure of the data. It employs the anchor graph to build the adjacency matrix of much reduced dimension than the feature space. The eigen vector values of the graph Laplacian model the underlying geometric structure of the data. The experimental result on TDT2 and Reuters-21578 text data set demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method. A comparison of EMCFS with the original Multi-Cluster Feature Selection (MCFS) demonstrates its improved accuracy and reduced execution time, making it a promising method for real world high dimensional datasets.
Perbandingan Kinerja Konverter Buck Boost Dan Konverter Sepic Sebagai Charger Baterai Berbasis Panel Surya

Pemilihan konverter harus memiliki beberapa kriteria, yaitu integrasi konverter yang mudah, dapat mengurangi komponen yang tidak terlalu diperlukan, rippel arus keluaran yang rendah, dan kemudian terjaganya karakteristik DC– DC. Pada penelitian ini akan membandingkan kinerja konverter buck boost dengan konverter sepic dengan menggunakan baterai yang me(1)miliki kapasitas 6 AH, 12 V. Pada pengisian baterai menggunakan buck boost konverter peningkatan tegangan yang signifikan pada awal pengisian baterai yaitu saat tegangan 12.25 V sampai tegangan mencapai 12.55 V dan pengisian baterai mencapai maksimal pada 12.71 V. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk melakukan proses pengisian baterai yaitu 130 menit. Sedangkan pengisian baterai menggunakan sepic konverter peningkatan tegangan yang signifikan pada awal pengisian baterai yaitu saat tegangan 12.22 V sampai tegangan mencapai 12.56 V dan pengisian baterai mencapai maksimal pada 12.71 V. Waktu yang telah dibutuhkan untuk melakukan proses pengisian menggunakan konverter sepic lebih lama bila dibandingkan dengan konverter buck boost yaitu 135 menit. Sehingga Konverter buck boost memiliki keandalan yang lebih baik dari konverter sepic. Selain rangkaian buck boost lebih sederhana, lebih murah,pengisian baterai dengan buck boost juga lebih cepat dari konverter sepic yaitu 5 menit lebih cepat.
Classification of IRIS Dataset using Weka

: IRIS is an open access flower based dataset and is normally available on UCI dataset. The major objective of this research work is to examine the IRIS data using data mining techniques available supported in WEKA. In this work, four different classifier viz. Bayes Network Classifier, J48, Random Forest and OneR has been succefully used to classify the IRIS dataset. The dataset consist of five different attributes viz. sepallength, sepalwidth, petallength, petalwidth and class. The number of instaces in 150. It has been observed that the rate of correctly classified instances using J48 is better than bayes network, random forest and oneR classifier. The use of J48 assist us in getting 96% of accuracy. Whereas, the mininmum rate of classification achieved is with bayes network classifier.
Interaction of a planar shock wave and a water droplet embedded with a vapour cavity

The interaction of a shock wave and a water droplet embedded with a vapour cavity is experimentally investigated in a shock tube for the first time. The vapour cavity inside the droplet is generated by decreasing the surrounding pressure to the saturation pressure, and an equilibrium between the liquid phase and the gas phase is obtained inside the droplet. Direct high-speed photography is adopted to capture the evolution of both the droplet and the vapour cavity. The formation of a transverse jet inside the droplet during the cavity-collapse stage is clearly observed. Soon afterwards, at the downstream pole of the droplet, a water jet penetrating into the surrounding air is observed during the cavity-expansion stage. The evolution of the droplet is strongly influenced by the evolution of the vapour cavity. The phase change process plays an important role in vapour cavity evolution. The effects of the relative size and eccentricity of the cavity on the movement and deformation of the droplet are presented quantitatively.
The Effect of Hypertonic Saline in Treatment of Moderate Bronchiolitis in Children

Background: Airway oedema and mucus plugging are the predominant pathological features in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. Nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) solution may reduce these pathological changes and decrease airway obstruction. Aim: To assess the effects of nebulized hypertonic (3%) saline solution in infants with acute viral Bronchiolitis of moderate severity. Methods: This study was conducted in Al Zahraa teaching hospital for maternity and pediatric in the period between December 2013 till November 2014 at which 165 patients with acute viral bronchiolitis were included. The inclusion criteria were; Infants aged ≤18 months presented with a prodromal history consistent with viral upper respiratory tract infection followed by wheezing and/or crackles on auscultation. Patients were excluded from the study if they have the following criteria: born at ≤ 34 weeks’ gestation, previous history of wheezing, steroid use within 48 hours of presentation, history of apnea within 24 hours before presentation, oxygen saturation ≤85% on room air at the time of recruitment, history of a diagnosis of chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, or immunodeficiency, consolidation or atelectasis on a chest X-Ray and infants with bronchiolitis severity score <4 or > 8. Result: We found that nebulized 3% HS decreases bronchiolitis severity score after 12h of treatment and its effect subsided after more than 48 h. In regard to hospital stay, the study shows a decrease in mean of hospital stay length from 42.2 to 36.3 h. Conclusion: Nebulization with 3% hypertonic saline is safe, can be widely generalized, and may be superior to current treatment for early outpatient treatment of bronchiolitis. Recommendation: Planning for a multicenter trial to explore the clinical benefit of this therapy with a large sample size is essential.
At What Point in the Elimination Phase of the Low FODMAP Diet is the Level of Symptom Improvement Highest in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Current literature supports the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet as a nutritional therapy for IBS, but the length of time that patients should restrict all high FODMAP foods from their diets is not well-supported. This study followed 5 patients on the low FODMAP diet for six weeks, collecting data on diet adherence, symptoms, and bowel habits. The course of one patient’s symptoms is detailed further in this case report. Symptom reduction may be possible in as little as two weeks on the diet, and adherence to the diet impacts level of symptom improvement.
Properties of Thermally Evaporated Titanium Dioxide as an Electron-Selective Contact for Silicon Solar Cells

Recently, titanium oxide has been widely investigated as a carrier-selective contact material for silicon solar cells. Herein, titanium oxide films were fabricated via simple deposition methods involving thermal evaporation and oxidation. This study focuses on characterizing an electron-selective passivated contact layer with this oxidized method. Subsequently, the SiO 2 /TiO 2 stack was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The phase and chemical composition of the titanium oxide films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The passivation quality of each layer was confirmed by measuring the carrier lifetime using quasi-steady-state photoconductance, providing an implied open circuit voltage of 644 mV. UV–vis spectroscopy and UV photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the band alignment and carrier selectivity of the TiO 2 layers. Band offsets of ~0.33 and ~2.6 eV relative to the conduction and valence bands, respectively, were confirmed for titanium oxide and the silicon interface.
A Test Score-Based Approach to Stochastic Submodular Optimization

We study the canonical problem of maximizing a stochastic submodular function subject to a cardinality constraint, where the goal is to select a subset from a ground set of items with uncertain individual performances to maximize their expected group value. Although near-optimal algorithms have been proposed for this problem, practical concerns regarding scalability, compatibility with distributed implementation, and expensive oracle queries persist in large-scale applications. Motivated by online platforms that rely on individual item scores for content recommendation and team selection, we study a special class of algorithms that select items based solely on individual performance measures known as test scores. The central contribution of this work is a novel and systematic framework for designing test score–based algorithms for a broad class of naturally occurring utility functions. We introduce a new scoring mechanism that we refer to as replication test scores and prove that as long as the objective function satisfies a diminishing-returns condition, one can leverage these scores to compute solutions that are within a constant factor of the optimum. We then extend these scoring mechanisms to the more general stochastic submodular welfare-maximization problem, where the goal is to partition items into groups to maximize the sum of the expected group values. For this more difficult problem, we show that replication test scores can be used to develop an algorithm that approximates the optimal solution up to a logarithmic factor. The techniques presented in this work bridge the gap between the rigorous theoretical work on submodular optimization and simple, scalable heuristics that are useful in certain domains. In particular, our results establish that in many applications involving the selection and assignment of items, one can design algorithms that are intuitive and practically relevant with only a small loss in performance compared with the state-of-the-art approaches. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
Realimentação de Força para Teleoperação de Escavadeiras

Lately, we have witnessed a growing effort to improve the working conditions by adopting measures to increase overall safety. In this context, teleoperation appears to improve human capacities during remote equipment operations. Teleoperation systems must provide the operator with necessary information from the remote equipment and environment to enable efficient task performance. The mining industry is an area where the use of teleoperation can be advantageous. For example, the remote operation of heavy-duty equipment such as excavators may bring improvements in safety and efficiency. This paper aims to describe an effective approach to provide force feedback in the context of a framework for excavator teleoperation. The methodology is evaluated through loading tasks simulations. The results show that the force feedback can improve the task accomplishment by providing immersion to the operator, including the sense of the load in the bucket and interaction forces with obstacles which can lead to significant reductions in the stress applied to the manipulator. Resumo: É crescente o interesse em ambientes com melhores condições de trabalho, evitando locais insalubres e valorizando a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores. Nesse contexto, a teleoperação aparece para melhorar as capacidades humanas na manipulação de equipamentos remotos. Para uma melhor realização da tarefa, devem ser fornecidas ao operador as informações necessárias para tornar a interação com o ambiente remoto a mais imersiva posśıvel. A indústria de mineração é uma área em que a teleoperação pode ser aplicada, por exemplo, para teleoperar equipamentos como escavadeiras, obtendo melhorias em segurança e eficiência. Este artigo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um arcabouço para a teleoperação de escavadeiras com realimentação de força. A metodologia foi avaliada através da simulação de tarefas de carregamento. Os resultados mostram que a realimentação de força pode melhorar a realização da tarefa ao promover uma imersão ao operador, incluindo sensações de carga carregada na caçamba e de forças de interação com obstáculos esta informação pode levar a uma significante redução do estresse ao qual o manipulador é submetido.
Managing the Challenges of the Digital Divide Among First Year Students: A Case of UKZN

The integration of technology into the educational system has brought about changes in the style of teaching and learning. Nowadays, institutions are adopting technologies such as computers and the Internet to enhance their teaching and learning activities. Students that grew up using computers and related technologies are often at an advantage with their learning because they would have developed the skills required for using technological resources to enhance their learning. However, students with no prior exposure to any form of technology are often at a disadvantage with their learning. The disparity between students that have been exposed to technology and those that have not, is often referred to as digital divide. The literature shows that the digital divide is a challenge that is impacting on students’ academic performance. This study was therefore conducted to understand the challenges faced by the first-year students of University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus, with regards to the digital divide. A quantitative research methodology was employed. The results show that students with little or no exposure to technology prior to joining the university often face challenges with the use of application programs, downloading of informative materials, conducting online tasks and navigating the Internet. The findings also show that access time, ownership of technology and technological skills affects student’s computer self-efficacy. Some possible solutions were proposed to the challenges found.