Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Known Sample Attacks on Relation Preserving Data Transformations

Many data mining applications such as clustering and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="saygin-ieq1-2759732.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-NN search rely on distances and relations in the data. Thus, distance preserving transformations, which perturb the data but retain records’ distances, have emerged as a prominent privacy protection method. In this paper, we present a novel attack on a generalized form of distance preserving transformations, called relation preserving transformations. Our attack exploits not the exact distances between data, but the relationships between the distances. We show that an attacker with few known samples (4 to 10) and direct access to relations can retrieve unknown data records with more than 95 percent precision. In addition, experiments demonstrate that simple methods of noise addition or perturbation are not sufficient to prevent our attack, as they decrease precision by only 10 percent.
Global Turning Points: The Challenges for Business and Society in the 21st Century

The second edition of this popular and thought-provoking textbook offers an accessible yet sophisticated analysis of the game-changing events and trends that are transforming the world beyond recognition. For the first time in human history more people live in cities than in the countryside, and greater numbers suffer from obesity or being overweight than from hunger. Emerging economies now represent half of the global economy, and during the next few decades, India will become the biggest country in terms of population, China the largest in output, and the United States the richest among the major economies on a per capita income basis. Food and water shortages will likely become humankind’s most important challenges. With four new chapters on the rise of the global middle class, the transformative power of technology, institutions and the entrepreneurial spirit, and the trials and tribulations of the financial system, this book provides a thorough introduction to the challenges facing business and society in the twenty-first century.
Operationalizing the integrated landscape approach in practice

The terms "landscape" and "landscape approach" have been increasingly applied within the international environmental realm, with many international organizations and nongovernmental organizations using landscapes as an area of focus for addressing multiple objectives, usually related to both environmental and social goals. However, despite a wealth of literature on landscapes and landscape approaches, ideas relating to landscape approaches are diverse and often vague, resulting in ambiguous use of the terms. Our aim, therefore, was to examine some of the main characteristics of different landscape approaches, focusing on how these might be applied in the process of taking a landscape approach. Drawing on a review of the literature, we identify and discuss three different kinds of landscape approaches: using the landscape scale, a sectoral landscape approach, and an integrated landscape approach. Focusing on an integrated landscape approach, we examine five concepts to help characterize landscape approaches: multifunctionality, transdisciplinarity, participation, complexity, and sustainability. For each term, a continuum of application exists. To help improve and move the integrated landscape approach more toward operationalization, more focus needs to be placed on the process of taking the approach. Although the process can be implemented in a range of ways, in a more integrated approach it will require explicitly defined objectives as well as a clear understanding of what is meant by multifunctionality and sustainability. It will also require collaborative participation, transdisciplinarity/cross-sectoral approaches, managing for adaptive capacity, and applying an iterative process to address the inherent complexity within the system. Although these concepts are not new, we present continuums on which they can exist, allowing for clarification and distinctions to be made regarding what it means to take a landscape approach.
Diazonium Salts: Versatile Molecular Glues for Sticking Conductive Polymers to Flexible Electrodes

Adhesion of polymers to surfaces is of the upmost importance in timely applications such as protective coatings, biomaterials, sensors, new power sources and soft electronics. In this context, this work examines the role of molecular interactions in the adhesion of polypyrrole thin films to flexible Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes grafted with aryl layers from various diazonium salts, namely 4-carboxybenzenediazonium (ITO-CO2H), 4-sulfonicbenzenediazonium (ITO-SO3H), 4-N,N-dimethylbenzenediazonium (ITO-N(CH3)2), 4-aminobenzenediazonium (ITO-NH2), 4-cyanobenzenediazonium (ITO-CN) and 4-N-phenylbenzenediazonium (ITO-NHPh). It was demonstrated that PPy thin layers were adherent to all aryl-modified surfaces, whereas adhesive failure was noted for bare ITO following simple solvent washing or sonication. Adhesion of polypyrrole was investigated in terms of hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the underlying aryl layer as probed by contact angle measurements. It was found that sulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole (PPy-BSA) thin films were preferably deposited on the most hydrophobic surfaces. More importantly, the redox properties and electrochemical impedance of PPy were closely related to the hydrophobic character of the aryl layers. This work demonstrates that diazonium compounds are unique molecular glues for conductive polymers and permit to tune their interfacial properties. With robust, diazonium-based architectured interfaces, one can design high performance materials for e.g., sensors, printed soft electronics and flexible thermoelectrics.
Mathematical modelling of the within-host HIV quasispecies dynamics in response to antiviral treatment

Abstract The aim of this work is the construction, calibration, and comparative analysis of mathematical models of the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the course of infection when the models are based on deterministic principles of the quasispecies theory (Eigen-Schuster) and on stochastic approaches of genetic algorithms (Holland). The models take into account the replication of viral genomes and selection of descendants according to their fitness, point mutations, multi-infection of target cells and recombination of genomes at the stage of formation of proviral DNA. The processes of diversification of the virus population under the action of the antiviral drug azidothymidine (AZT) that blocks reverse transcription of the virus are simulated. A four-letter alphabet is used in the stochasticmodel for description of nucleotide sequences. The parameters of the model are estimated using original data on the degree of adaptation of the HIV mutants that are partly or completely resistant to this drug. The influence of parameters of infection on the characteristics of viral mutants population diversity is studied
New Chemotherapeutic Agents: Monoterpenes and Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Around 90% of CRC deaths are caused by metastasis, and systemic chemotherapy is the last hope for patients with unresectable metastases of CRC. Although recent systemic chemothera‐ py advances have prolonged survival in patients with unresectable CRC, the effective‐ ness, cost, and side effects of the chemotherapeutic agents still need to improve. The use of plant-, microbial-, or fungal-derived natural products for medical benefits is playing an important role globally, such as in anti-cancer drugs and antibiotics. The cancer cells are different from normal cells in many points. In contrast to normal cells, most of the fatty acids in malignant cells are derived from de novo lipogenesis that emphasizes the importance of up-regulation of endogenous lipid biosynthesis in malignant transformation. Several anti-cancer drugs available on the market today, such as Taxol, Oncovin, Navelbine, and Vumon, trace their origins to plants. Monoterpenes of several essen‐ tial oils from plants possess medical benefits. Various monoterpenes such as dlimonene, geraniol, 1,8-cineole, and perillyl alcohol (POH) are effective for CRC in in vitro and animal experiments. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, is significantly upregulated in many cancers including CRC. In normal adults, FASN is mainly ex‐ pressed in cells with lipid metabolisms such as liver and adipose tissues. The expression of FASN has been found to be up-regulated in various human cancer cells including CRC. Lipogenesis by cancer cells provides proliferative and survival advantages and drug resistance against chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibition of lipogenesis targeting FASN induces apoptosis selectively in human cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The differential expression of FASN between cancer cells and normal cells makes FASN a suitable target for cancer treatment. The pharmacological FASN inhibitors are cerulenin, C75, C93, orlistat, luteolin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), triclosan, capsaicin, curcumin, and so on. © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In this chapter, we discuss the usefulness of monoterpenes and FASN inhibitors against CRC for the novel chemotherapeutic agents.
``Optimum offset'' seismic reflection mapping of shallow aquifers near Bangkok, Thailand

The “optimum offset” shallow seismic reflection technique was developed for geotechnical and groundwater applications in the early 1980s. The method was based on equipment that was “state of the art” at the time: a 10-bit engineering seismograph, a simple inhole shotgun source, and Apple II personal computers for data processing. In 1985 and 1986, this technique was successfully used in Thailand to assist in understanding the land subsidence problem around Bangkok, which is directly attributable to excessive groundwater withdrawal. The seismic sections acquired in this study were used to map subsurface structure to a depth of about 180 m, which includes several major aquifers beneath the Bangkok Clay. Much of Bangkok’s domestic water is pumped from the so‐called “second aquifer,” 80–130 m below surface, which proved to be an excellent seismic marker horizon showing lateral continuity over distances on the order of kilometers. This observation suggests that there may be good hydraulic connection within thi.
Superdomain Structure in Epitaxial Tetragonal PZT Thin Films Under Tensile Strain

The a/c domain pattern of tetragonal PbZr0.10Ti0. 90O3 thin films under tensile misfit strain is investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show a hierarchical ordering of the dense a/c domain structure into larger superstructures. The latter exhibit a preferred orientation and occasionally form distinct patterns such as flux closure loops of the net polarization. Additionally, the residual strain is measured with reciprocal space maps and the a-domain fraction is determined by theoretical calculations and correlated with results from rocking curve scans.
Effect of Biofilm on the Mechanical Properties and Repair Strength of Denture Acrylic

Hypothesis: The null hypothesis was that presence and exposure to biofilm from C. albicans would have no effect on the mechanical properties and repair strength of denture acrylics. Objective: To test whether exposure to C. albicans and subsequent biofilm formation would have an effect on the mechanical properties and repair strength of denture acrylic. Methods: 90 samples of Lucitone 199® denture acrylic were fabricated from a standardized jig and processed with conventional flask and process methods. Samples were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control, 3 days (3d), and 12 days (12d) for subsequent C. albicans exposure. Initial and post treatment measurements were taken for microhardness, surface roughness, and flexural strength on repaired and unrepaired samples. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between control and experimental samples in repair flexural strength and microhardness (p 0.05). Cohesive failures increased as exposure time increased. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected as exposure to C. albicans had a significant effect on the microhardness and repair flexural strength of denture acrylic. Changes in mode of failure and surface roughness were observed, indicating a possible change in surface topography with biofilm formation. These changes are further information the clinician can use in deciding if repair or replacement of a fractured acrylic prosthesis is warranted.
Parental Mediation of Children's Television and Video Game use in Germany: Active and Embedded in Family Processes

In a survey study, 158 dyads of German parents and their 9 to 12-year-old children reported on their television and video game (VG) consumption, parental mediation strategies, and family climate. Parents also reported their beliefs concerning media effects. We found that mediation strategies differ from acknowledged media usage conceptions in that parents play a more active role than previously assumed. Restrictive mediation comprises rules and restrictions, but also parents’ educative explanations that media do not reflect reality. Patronizing mediation includes shared media consumption, but also parents commenting on media contents. Pointing out and emphasizing socio-emotional features in the media (e.g., empathy) characterize active-emotional co-use (AEC). Regression analyses revealed that parental fear of negative media effects predicted both AEC and restrictive mediation. Children and parents’ congruent perceptions of family interactions predicted AEC and patronizing VG mediation. Overall, positive ratings of family interactions were associated with children using media less frequently.
In Vivo Investigation of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses Sub-Periosteally Implanted on the Bone Surface

Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) show higher strength and lower Young’s modulus than SUS 316L stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V alloys. This study aimed to investigate the reaction of Zr-based BMG sub-periosteally implanted on the surface of the rat femur, thereby evaluate the possibility of the BMG as biomaterials for osteosynthetic devices. Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17. 5 BMG ribbons with 10 mm length, 2 mm width and 0.5 mm thickness were implanted sub-periosteally on the femur surface in three male Wistar rats for 6 weeks. Systemic effects were evaluated by measuring Cu and Ni levels in the blood, and local effects were evaluated by the histological observation of the surrounding soft tissues in contact with the BMG. The reaction of the surface of the BMG was examined with scanning electron microscopy. No increase of Cu and Ni levels in the blood was recognized. In the scanning electron microscopy observation, spherical deposits which were considered as sodium chloride crystals were observed. Neither breakage nor pitting corrosion was noted. BMG will be a promising metallic biomaterial for osteosynthetic device that must be removed.
Simulating star formation in Ophiuchus

We have simulated star formation in pre-stellar cores, using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and initial conditions informed by observations of the cores in Ophiuchus. Because the observations are limited to two spatial dimensions plus radial velocity, we cannot infer initial conditions for the collapse of a particular core. However, with a minimum of assumptions (isotropic turbulence with a power-law spectrum, a thermal mix of compressive and solenoidal modes, a critical Bonnor–Ebert density profile) we can generate initial conditions that match, in a statistical sense, the distributions of mass, projected size and aspect ratio, thermal and non-thermal one-dimensional velocity dispersion, observed in Ophiuchus. The time between core–core collisions in Ophiuchus is sufficiently long, that we can simulate single cores evolving is isolation, and therefore we are able to resolve masses well below the opacity limit. We generate an ensemble of 100 cores, and evolve them with no radiative feedback from the stars formed, then with continuous radiative feedback and finally with episodic radiative feedback. With no feedback the simulations produce too many brown dwarfs, and with continuous feedback too few. With episodic radiative feedback, both the peak of the protostellar mass function (at ∼0.2 M⊙) and the ratio of H-burning stars to brown dwarfs are consistent with observations. The mass of a star is not strongly related to the mass of the core in which it forms. Low-mass cores (Mcore ∼ 0.1 M⊙) tend to collapse into single objects, whereas high-mass cores (Mcore ≳ 1 M⊙) usually fragment into several objects with a broad mass range.
A Broadband Low Power CMOS LNA for 3.1–10.6 GHz UWB Receivers

A new approach for designing an ultra wideband (UWB) CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) is presented. The aim of this design is to achieve a low noise figure, reasonable power gain and low power consumption in 3.1-10.6 GHz. Also, the figure of merit (FOM) is significantly improved at 180nm technology compared to the other state-of-the-art designs. Improved π-network and T-network are used to obtain a high and smooth power gain for the whole frequency band. Impedance matching and noise matching are designed with double feedback and only one inductor that are used at the input of the LNA. Post layout simulation is done for design validation. In this design post layout simulations show the low noise figure of 3.85±0.25 dB, reasonable power gain (18.08dB) and input return loss less than -9.1dB in full band of UWB. The power consumption of the circuit is only 11.3mW from 1.8V voltage supply. The LNA has the group delay about 111±43ps. An input third-order intermodulation point (IIP3) of -9.2 dBm is achieved at 4 GHz. The layout area is 1.056 × 0.658 mm2.
Micromagnetism of dense permalloy antidot lattices from anodic alumina templates

Hexagonally ordered Py antidot arrays were prepared by sputtering onto anodic alumina membrane templates, with varying antidot diameter and lattice constant parameter. Experimental magnetic characterization together with micromagnetic simulations was performed to unveil the coercivity mechanism. Experimental measurements show that coercivity monotonically increases with the antidot diameter in reasonable agreement with simulations. This is understood considering the presence of geometrical micrometric domains with perfect hexagonal order. Contrarily, simulations for a single crystal sample predict that the coercivity should decrease with the antidots diameter.
Scale-Hopping in Computer Simulations of Polymers

Polymer simulations can be performed at many different length scales by using techniques ranging from quantum chemistry to finite element via a hierarchy of coarser and coarser particle or field-based methods. Recent years have seen many efforts to connect simulations at different levels to 1) indirectly predict large-scale properties starting from fundamental models and 2) to accelerate the equilibration at more fundamental levels via the detour of coarse-grained levels. It is the purpose of the present synopsis to review some of the recent methodological advances concerning the systematic and, where available, automatic bridging between different levels of polymer simulation. #The author of this review has agreed to write a short follow-up to this article that will incorporate information provided by the readers. If you have comments, additions, clarifications, or remarks concerning this article, please send them to the author within 3 months after this article has appeared. The author will review them and collect them into a feedback article, which will appear in one of the coming issues of Soft Materials.
Mechanical, thermal, data and power transfer types for robotic space interfaces for orbital and planetary missions - a technical review

A wide variety of scientific aims have been formulated for future explorations of space and planets. In order to achieve these aims, a need for robotic systems and mission set-ups with increasing complexity arises. The H2020 EU-funded project SIROM (Standard Interface for Robotic Manipulation of Payloads in Future Space Missions), aims to realize an integrated interface for mechanical, data, electrical and thermal connectivity that allows a reliable, robust and multi-functional coupling. The present paper reports an overview of classifications of power, data and mechanical interfaces and thermal transfer methods in current robotic and space applications. Eventually, the paper presents ideas for innovation and development of standard multi-functional interface with the most promising developments expected in the next few years.
The regulation of Enzyme IIAGlc expression controls adenylate cyclase activity in Escherichia coli

Unite! de Ge! ne! tique des Ge! nomes Bacte! riens, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France During the last few years, several genes, such as pap, bgl and flhDC, have been shown to be coregulated by the histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) protein and the cyclic AMP-catabolite activator protein (cAMP/CAP) complex, suggesting an interaction between both systems in the control of some cellular functions. In this study, the possible effect of H-NS on the cAMP level was investigated. In a CAP-deficient strain, the presence of an hns mutation results in a strong reduction in the amount of cAMP, due to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity. This is caused by the reduced expression of crr, which encodes the Enzyme IIAGlc of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), from its specific P2 promoter. This leads to a twofold reduction in the global amount of Enzyme IIAGlc, the adenylate cyclase activator, responsible for the decrease in adenylate cyclase activity observed in the hns crp strain.
Clinical and molecular studies of disease caused by mutations of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG).

Background Mutations in the gene encoding the DNA-polymerase gamma (POLG), the enzyme that replicates and repairs the mitochondrial genome, are an important cause of human disease and disability. Over 130 pathogenic mutations have been reported and these produce a wide spectrum of disease that mainly includes syndromes with myopathy or/and encephalopathy.
Measuring Recollection : Strategic versus Automatic Influences of Associative Context

ABSTMCT There has been much recent interest in the finding of dissociations between performance on indirect and direct tests of memory. Indirect tests (e.g., word-stem completion) are said to primarily reflect automatic or unconscious uses of memory, whereas direct tests (e.g., cued recall) primarily reflect strategic or consciously conholled uses of memory. Rather than identifying Processes with tasks, as is done by use of the contrast belween indirect and direct tests, I (e.g.,lacoby 1991) have used a "process-dissociation procedure" to separate the withintask contributions of consciously controlled and automatic uses of memory. I describe advantages of the process-dissociation procedure over standard direct tests as a means of measuring recollection. Because of its failure to distinguish between automatic and straLegic uses of memory, reliance on standard, direct tests is shown to produce serious errors in conclusions that are drawn. I propose a distinction between shategic and automatic influences of associative context, and report two new experiments to show the utility of that disfinction. As will be discussed, the strategic/automatic distinction is importani for answering questions about the effectiveness of providing environmental support to aid the performance of memory-impaired individuals.