Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single and Multi-Type Controllers with Soft Computing Methods and Routing in Software Defined Network

The software defined networking topology is enabled for efficient configuration for monitoring and enhance the network performance. The multi-controller placement becomes very critical, and it can be rectified by the proposed approach. The comparison of single type and the multi controllers are discussed in this paper.The first paper is compared with the dragonfly algorithm, in this we have considered only multi POX controllers. So the latency difference depends on the iteration of the algorithm. Thus the latency is reduced in proposed algorithm. Similarly the second paper has compared with the existing algorithm of firefly, which states the multi type of controllers such as POX, NOX, BEACON and FLOODLIGHT, among that latency is calculated and compared. The selection criteria are varied according to its type. Hence the routing is carried out on the two controllers alike POX, and NOX, through ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol. Subsequently, the selected controllers specifically are placed and simulated in Pareto-based Optimal Controller placement (POCO) tool for the Internet 2 topology and network simulator(NS2). Finally the comparison results makes the proposed system is better than previous methods.
Crescimento e desempenho de linhagens de aves pescoço pelado criadas em sistema semi-confinado

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o crescimento e desempenho de duas linhagens de aves pescoco pelado. Foram utilizadas 400 aves, distribuidas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, os tratamentos consistiram de um esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (linhagens x sexo), com cinco repeticoes de 20 aves cada. Foram utilizadas aves Pescoco Pelado das linhagens Sasso e ISA Label. As aves receberam racoes formuladas a base de milho e de farelo de soja para atender as exigencias nutricionais. Foi determinado o ganho de peso (GP), o consumo de racao (CR) e a conversao alimentar (CA) aos 28, 56 e 84 dias de idade e o rendimento de carcaca e de partes aos 84 dias de idade. Nao foi observada interacao entre sexo e linhagem (P>0,05) para nenhuma das variaveis de desempenho analisadas. Para CR e GP houve diferencas significativas (P<0,05) entre as linhagens e entre os sexos nos tres periodos. As aves da linhagem Sasso apresentaram desempenho superior a ISA Label. Em relacao aos parâmetros descritos da equacao de Gompertz, as aves da linhagem Sasso apresentaram maior peso a maturidade (Pm) e tempo em que a taxa de crescimento e maxima (t*) e menor taxa de maturidade (b), indicando que as aves da linhagem ISA Label foram mais precoces para atingir a idade de maximo crescimento. As femeas demonstraram melhor aptidao para rendimento de peito e os machos para o rendimento de coxa e de sobra-coxa.
Record Pack-density of Eastern Coyotes/Coywolves (Canis latrans × lycaon)

Abstract We report on an eastern coyote or coywolf (Canis latrans × lycaon) pack in a heavily urbanized area at the northern edge of Boston, Massachusetts, living at a high pack density. We radio-collared four members of this social unit, a breeding pair and two of their juvenile offspring and tracked them from May 2004–Apr. 2005. The pack had a small cumulative territory area (overall = 2.05 km2), yet lived at a normal group size (fall = 6–7, winter = 4) for coyotes/coywolves in eastern North America. Fall density for this pack was 2.92–3.41/km2 and winter density was 1.95/km2, representing the highest recorded density for coyotes in this region.
Dioecy and herbivory: the effect of growth rate on plant defense in Acer negundo.

(.) Male trees had significantly faster growth rates than females. Leaf defense levels were estimated by measuring leaf characters, such as nitrogen and water content, toughness, tannins and total phenolic compounds. Female and male trees could be distinguished from one another using a discriminant function analysis based solely on leaf characters. Leaves from female trees were tougher than those from males, although no consistent differences were found between the sexes in other leaf characters. When all leaf characters were combined in a multiple regression, females were significantly better defended than males (.)
Development and validation of a novel immune-related prognostic model in lung squamous cell carcinoma

Background: The immune system plays an important role in the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Therefore, immune-related genes (IRGs) expression may be an important predictor of LUSC prognosis. However, a prognostic model based on IRGs that can systematically assess the prognosis of LUSC patients is still lacking. This study aimed to construct a LUSC immune-related prognostic model by using IRGs. Methods: Gene expression data about LUSC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differential expression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify prognostic differentially expressed IRGs. A prognostic model was constructed using the Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Then we validated the performance of the prognostic model in training and test cohorts. Furthermore, associations with clinical variables and immune infiltration were also analyzed. Results: 593 differentially expressed IRGs were identified, and 8 of them were related to prognosis. Then a transcription factor regulatory network was established. A prognostic model consisted of 4 immune-related genes was constructed by using Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The prognostic value of this model was successfully validated in training and test cohorts. Further analysis showed that the prognostic model could be used independently to predict the prognosis of LUSC patients. The relationships between the risk score and immune cell infiltration indicated that the model could reflect the status of the tumor immune microenvironment. Conclusions: We constructed a risk model using four PDIRGs that can accurately predict the prognosis of LUSC patients. The risk score generated by this model can be used as an independent prognostic indicator. Moreover, the model can predict the infiltration of immune cells in patients, which is conducive to the prediction of patient sensitivity to immunotherapy.
K-POP Dance Choreography retrieval with low-cost depth cameras

요 약 본 논문에서는 대용량의 K-POP 모션캡처 데이터베이스에서 특정 안무구간을 검색하는 방법을 제안 한다. 제안 기술은 저가형 3D 카메라를 이용하여 사용자가 직접 검색하고자 하는 동작을 생성하고 이 를 질의동작으로 입력하여 원하는 안무동작을 검색하는 직관적인 검색 기술로서 구간 동작의 명칭이 존재하지 않는 K-POP 댄스를 검색하기 위한 핵심기술이다. 역동적인 댄스 자세를 표현하고 매칭하는 방법으로 관절 및 바디파트 간의 상대적인 각도 정보를 추출하고 비교하는 방법을 설명한다. 대용량의 모션캡쳐 데이터베이스를 고속으로 검색하기 위해서 안무동작의 핵심 자세를 분석하여 후보구간 집합 을 빠르게 생성하고, 이들 집합에서 Dynamic Time Warping(DTW) 알고리즘으로 안무동작 간의 매칭거 리를 보다 정밀하게 산출한다. 약 358분의 K-POP 댄스 곡 100곡에 대한 성능평가에서 92%의 검색정 확도를 보였으며, 이는 K-POP 댄스 동작의 복잡성을 고려할 때 경쟁력 있는 성능치이다.
The Lichens of Rhum

Summary The Lichen flora of Rhum is described with emphasis on its ecology. In general, the 387 species represent a fine example of eu-oceanic assemblages and contain many taxa typical of western Britain. The margins of freshwater lochs hold particularly rich communities; the flora of the serpentine is singular for its narrow range of species. There is some evidence that existing fragments of woodland have continuity with the ancient forest. Lecanactis plocina is reported new to Scotland.
Genre and domain in patent texts

In this paper we investigate the variation in language use within the very broad patent domain. We find that language use (represented by syntactic phrases) not only differs from one patent class to the next, but is also a characteristic that sets apart the four sections of a patent (viz. Title, Abstract, Description and Claims). This lends support to the claim that these sections can be viewed as different text genres. For the development of a syntactic parser that is trained on patent texts, we quantify the domain and genre differences in terms of the amounts of text needed to train domain-dependent versions of the parser. Our quantified and exemplified findings on the domain variation in patent data are of interest for the patent retrieval and analysis communities.
Light‐dependence of photosynthesis and growth in cyanobacteria: Implications for their dominance in eutrophic lakes

Abstract In eutrophic lakes cyanobacteria are favoured relative to other phytoplankton, both under stratified and mixed conditions. During stratification, gas vacuole formation allows the accumulation of dense surface scums which attain the highest possible area‐specific photosynthetic rates in aquatic environments owing to high irradiances, near‐complete harvesting of impinging light, and minimal light inhibition and photo‐oxidation. During moderate mixing, high yields of biomass can be achieved by effective light harvesting for photosynthesis (aided by phycobilin pigments) and low maintenance energy requirements at low mean irradiances. Howevrr, nitrogen fixation competes for energy and reductant with photosynthesis, and leads to a decline of light‐saturated maximum growth rates. Wind‐driven vertical mixing and lateral advection are the main causes for the instability of cyanobacterial blooms in hyper‐eutrophic lake ecosystems.
VISCOUS EVOLUTION OF A CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK

Viscosity is the friction that tends to resist any shearing or compression in a flowing fluid. These viscous forces also tends to smooth out gradients in the fluid’s density and velocity, and it does so by transmitting momentum through the fluid in a way that reduces those gradients. To examine this in detail, Euler’s equation is adapted so that it can be applied to a viscous fluid. Recall the results of Section 10.2. 3, which showed that the fluid’s internal frictional forces are accounted for by adding Eqn. (10.26) to the right hand side of Euler’s equation (10.12), which in Cartesian coordinates is
Innovative Human Resource Practices-A Study in Indian Context

Human resource practices are most effective when coordinated with strategic goals of organizations. HR practices role in the company‘s success is growing rapidly with the growth in many sectors in the present globalized era. With the growth of the Indian industries in the knowledge-verticals', human knowledge is undoubtedly the most important strength nowadays. To make sure that a company chooses the right person for the right job, and manages human resource carefully, processes like competency mapping are gaining ground. Competency planning is a process of identifying key competencies for a particular position in an organisation, and then using it for job-evaluation, recruitment, training and development, performance management, and succession planning. In conjunction with the balanced scorecard, this can be an extremely healthy tool to manage an organisation's performance. As far as the HR function is concerned, the time has perhaps come where it needs to be treated as a line function with every manager having HR activities as part of his line responsibilities, rather than treating HR as a separate, support-providing activity only. The shift in focus from traditional HR practices to strategic HR practices was inevitable. Competitive advantage for an organisation lies not just in differentiating a product or service or in becoming the low cost leader but in also being able to tap the company's special skills or core competencies and rapidly respond to customer's needs and competitor's moves. HR practices can play a vital role in identifying and analysing external opportunities and threats that may be crucial to the company's success. It is in a unique position to supply competitive intelligence that may be useful in the strategic planning process. Hence, HR practices to attract best talent , giving them pleasant environment to work with, that enables the company to retain talents, the above said practices are conceived and implemented and found successful by the leading companies in India. Keywords— Human Resource Development, Human Resource Practices in India.
FARMERS’ PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF TEFF ( PRODUCTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZERS AT EDO, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTH ETHIOPIA *Gifole Gidago and Fanuel

Teff (Eragrostis tef extensively under various climatic and soil conditions. On farm experiments aimed at evaluating productivity of teff in response to NP fertilizers and production of teff were conducted at farmer’s field at Edo Kebele, Duguna Fango Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia in the main rainy seasons of 2012 and 2013. Four levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg ha teff under participatory approach by using Farmers' Research and Extension Group (FRG). Teff variety DZ (RCBD) with three replications. highly influenced total biomass, grain and straw yields of teff but the effect of N and P interaction was not significant on these parameters. Highest n followed by 46 kg ha from the application of 10 participating farmers preferred application of 23 kg N ha 23 kg N ha
Effects of pasture type and grazing management in autumn on the performance of dairy cows in late lactation and on subsequent pasture productivity

An experiment at Kyabram, Victoria, studied the effects of pasture allowance on the production of grazing dairy cows in late lactation (autumn). Cows strip-grazed paspalum dominant or ryegrass-white clover perennial pastures for 60 d from March to May. Mean pasture allowances were 23.2, 13.3 or 6.9 kg digestible dry matter/cow.d. Reduced pasture allowance during late lactation reduced milk yield and body condition. This occurred because pasture intake was positively related to pasture allowance. Each additional kilogram of dry matter (DM) eaten produced 0.93 kg milk and 0.045 kg milk fat. Cows grazing ryegrass-white . clover pastures produced more milk and milk products at equivalent DM intakes than did cows grazing paspalum dominant pastures, and they were in better condition. This was due to herbage quality: cows grazing ryegrass-white clover pastures were able to select higher quality diets than could those grazing paspalum dominant pastures. When the results were compared with those from two previous stall-feeding experiments, the marginal efficiencies for milk production in all experiments were not significantly different; an extra 1.19 kg fat corrected milk was produced for each additional kilogram of digestible dry matter of pasture eaten. The pastures were not grazed from May to September but their growth and quality were measured during this period. The amount of pasture left at drying off influenced the growth and quality of the pastures throughout winter: daily growth declined by 3.31 kg DM/ha between May and July, and by 6 56 kg DM/ha between July and September, as herbage yield at drying off (May) increased by each additional tonne of DM per hectare. Also, the ryegrass-white clover pastures grew more herbage at equivalent DM yields than did the paspalum dominant pastures. The implications of these results for grazing management are discussed.
Thermal requirements, hatching patterns, and prolonged diapause in western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs

Temperature thresholds and thermal requirements for egg hatching in an Illinois population of western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were determined under controlled conditions. Developmental rate for first hatch increased linearly with increasing temperature. The threshold temperature ( t ) and thermal constant ( K ) for first hatch were t = 12.7°C and K = 209.7 degree-days (DD), respectively. The respective values for 50% hatch were y = 0.235 x − 2.616, R2 = 0.97, t = 11.2°C, and K = 426.2 DD. Developmental times were longer than those reported for Minnesota and South Dakota populations at similar temperatures, suggesting significant physiological differences among populations. Based on 4-yr mean monthly temperatures that simulated those at the 10-cm depth at Champaign, 1L, first hatch occurred on 7 June (176.5DD, t = 12.7°C), 50% hatch occurred by 18June (353.8 DD, t = 11.2°C), and last hatch took place on 4 July, 27 d after first hatch. In separate studies in Illinois and Ontario, Canada, a small percentage of eggs from both locations underwent prolonged diapause. In Illinois, 0.14% of 4,202 D. virgifera virgifera eggs hatched only after passing through two simulated winters. Similarly, in studies in Ontario, 0.21%of 1,446 D. virgifera virgifera eggs hatched only after the passage of a second winter. Ours is the first report of prolonged diapause in the western corn rootwoml.
Threat Appeals in Road Safety TV Advertisements and their Impact on Youth: An Experimental Study

Due to long-standing reliance upon negative, fear-based appeals in road safety advertising, this study attempts to examine the effectiveness of threat appeals in persuading Emirati road users to change their attitudes and behaviour in the short and long run. To measure the effectiveness of the threat advertising message, a quasi-experiment was designed, including two groups of Emirati students. Each group is composed of 100 Emirati students selected from two universities. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire at varying time intervals.as the persuasive effects of an advertising message may vary over time. On the other hand, 6 focus groups were constituted. Seven issues related to the impact of road safety ads on young Emiratis were raised and discussed and students proposed a number of suggestions that could help in making road safety awareness more efficient. The findings showed that road safety ads based on threat appeals have positive effects in the short term, but these effects diminish over time. Evidence suggests that threat appeals may influence females rather than males, despite the fact that many of these messages intend to target male road users.
International Integration and Social Identity

International integration is not driven purely by economic considerations but may also be affected by identity politics. We propose a simple framework to study the effects of identity on integration, allowing identities themselves to be endogenous (a German citizen may identify as German but may also identify as European). We find that contrary to widespread intuitions, a robust union does not require that all members share a common identity. Furthermore, while national identication in the periphery leads to premature breakup, a common identity can sometimes lead to excessively large unions. Finally, a union is more fragile when periphery countries have high ex-ante status, whereas low-status countries are less likely to secede, even when between-country economic differences are large and union policies impose signicant hardship. Brexit is more likely than Grexit.
Shallow free-surface Stokes flow around a corner

The steady lateral spreading of a free-surface viscous flow down an inclined plane around a vertex from which the channel width increases linearly with downstream distance is investigated analytically, numerically and experimentally. From the vertex the channel wall opens by an angle α to the downslope direction and the viscous fluid spreads laterally along it before detaching. The motion is modelled using lubrication theory and the distance at which the flow detaches is computed as a function of α using analytical and numerical methods. Far downslope after detachment, it is shown that the motion is accurately modelled in terms of a similarity solution. Moreover, the detachment point is well approximated by a simple expression for a broad range of opening angles. The results are corroborated through a series of laboratory experiments and the implication for the design of barriers to divert lava flows are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Stokes at 200 (Part 1)’.
Plastid Transcription in Higher Plants

Abstract The plastid genome is transcribed by nucleus-encoded (NEP) and plastid encoded (PEP) RNA polymerases. NEP transcribes housekeeping genes as well as genes coding for PEP core subunits and its activity is replaced by PEP in chloroplasts resulting in differential expression of genes in a developmental context. PEP is a prokaryotic-type enzyme in which nuclear-encoded σ factors function as promoter recognition subunit. A phylogenetic analysis for σ factors identified so far in plants shows that plant σ factors are members of bacterial σ70 family and divided into six groups, Sig1 through Sig6, which are integrated into four clusters consisting of Sig1 and Sig4, Sig2 and Sig3, Sig5 and Sig6. All plastid σ factors recognize bacterial σ70-type promoters, but they differ in promoter preference and the tissue-, developmental stage- and environmental-dependent expression. Sig5 is distinct from the other σ factors in its structure, function, and expression in response to light and stress. A promoter of the psbD operon, psbD blue light responsive promoter (psbDBLRP) is a typical example that is under the control of a combination of various signals arising in the nucleus and plastids in response to the tissue specific and developmental stage- and environment-dependent cues. psbDBLRP is recognized only by Sig5, which is expressed by a cryptochrome-mediated blue light signal and signals responding to stress conditions. The activity of psbDBLRP is also under the control of circadian clock. Furthermore, it may be regulated by redox signals generated by photosynthetic electron transport in the chloroplast presumably through the change of the binding affinity of a nuclear encoded transcription factor for the enhancer element located upstream of the core promoter region of the psbD operon.
Enabling Entrepreneurial Choice

Entrepreneurs must choose between alternative strategies for bringing their idea to market. They face uncertainty regarding both the quality of their idea as well as the efficacy of each strategy. Although entrepreneurs can reduce this uncertainty by conducting tests, any single test conflates the signal of the efficacy of the particular strategy and the quality of the idea. Resolving this conflation requires exploring multiple strategies. Consequently, entrepreneurial choice is enhanced by finding ways to lower the cost of testing multiple strategies, receiving guidance as to the types of tests likely to reduce signal conflation, and optimally sequencing tests based on previous beliefs. This creates a role for judgment that may be provided by trusted third parties such as mentors and investors. We hypothesize that institutions that lower the cost of transmitting and aggregating judgment spur entrepreneurial performance. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Issue of Management Science: 65th Anniversary.
Does the Relative Importance of the Push and Pull Factors of Foreign Capital Flows Vary Across Quantiles?

We empirically gauge the relative importance of the various push and pull factors for the magnitude of foreign flows to 51 emerging markets (EMs) across quantiles. We propose a quantile regression dynamic panel model with fixed effects and reveal several new findings: (a) Global risk aversion and regional contagion are generally significant across most quantiles. (b) Foreign short-term flows retreat less from EMs with stronger fundamentals during stress episodes. (c) EMs that previously experienced larger portfolio debt and bank inflows tend to suffer more during stress episodes. Hence, we provide novel evidence supporting the global financial cycle hypothesis, investor differentiation hypothesis, and the “more-in-more-out” hypothesis.