Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Selection and Latitudinal Variation in a Marine Predator-Prey Interaction

Although pairs of species often interact over broad geographic ranges, few studies have explored how interactions vary across these large spatial scales. Surveys along 1500 kilometers of the Pacific coast of North America documented marked variation in the frequency of predation by the snail Nucella canaliculata on the intertidal mussel Mytilus californianus. Laboratory rearing experiments suggest that regional differences in drilling behavior have a genetic basis, and mitochondrial sequence variation confirms that gene flow is low among these snail populations. Marine communities separated by hundreds of kilometers may have intrinsically different dynamics, with interactions shaped by restricted gene flow and spatially varying selection.
Natural Contextual Reasoning for End Users

The realization and deployment of the Internet of Things require providing to non-programmers some level of programmatic control for tailoring system behaviour to their context and needs. We introduce a simple context-range semantics (CRS) and a context-range editor (CoRE) that support end users formulate and understand logical expressions regarding context. The editor builds on two key ideas (a) contextual information is used to evaluate and minimize logical expressions; (b) logical expressions are presented in a disjunctive normal form (DNF) thus applying a principle established in mental model theory. User tests reveal situations in which the theory regarding the intuitiveness of the DNF needs to be extended with a new element: Logical terms are easier to comprehend and formulate when grouped according to their semantic affinity. We report two experiments that demonstrate the intuitiveness of this approach and how it improves performance of non-programmers in specifying context sensitive system behaviour.
Micronutrient interrelationships: synergism and antagonism

Appropriate physiological functioning requires optimal nutrition, which needs to be in balance to prevent potential detrimental interactions, especially when administered at pharmacological dosages. Many nutrients function in harmony to complement digestive function and assimilation. Some may hinder these processes and compete for uptake, while others may also be required in tandem to assist in metabolism which may ultimately affect a number biochemical cycles.Many similar synergistic and antagonistic functions exist within human physiology and should be considered, particularly in the health and research arenas, where positive outcomes may be more likely if nutrient preparations are formulated with assistant supplementary nutrients, while nutrient related confounders need also to be accounted for. A variety of these are discussed in detail, with emphasis on relationships in health and disease.
Age, alcohol consumption and the experiencing of negative consequences of drinking in four Scandinavian countries.

Summary Based on data from a comparative survey of drinking in four Scandinavian countries (Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden), use of alcohol and negative consequences of drinking were studied in relation W age. Clear differences were found between age-groups as regards experiencing such negative consequences in respect of both men and women. These differences were to a large extent a reflection of similar differences between the age-groups in regard to alcohol consumption and intoxication frequency. However, it was also found that when both alcohol consumption and intoxication frequency were maintained at a constant level, age in itself seemed to influence the experiencing of negative consequences. The study also indicates that in all age-groups there are national differences in drinking patterns and thus in the experiencing of negative consequences of drinking which do not reflect the national differences in total alcohol consumption.
Parametric information flow control in ehealth

We study the problem of enforcing information flow control (IFC) in ehealth systems to verify secure flow of information through programs. IFC mechanisms allow users to control the release and propagation of sensitive information so that confidential information is not observable to unintended principals while collaborating with other legitimate principals. We formalise the parametrised security classes that are required for security policy specification in typical e-health systems in a hospital and use static type checking for detecting security policy violations in the system. The key advantage of using the parametrised security class lattice is greater precision in stating policies, enhanced usability and a reduced overhead in creating security tags.
Parkinson's disease

Prior to the 1960s, the clinical features and basic neuropathology of Parkinson's disease had been established, anticholinergic drugs and stereotaxic surgery were in vogue, but the illness progressed relentlessly and was a cause ofmiserable disability. ' The only clues to its cause were its increasing incidence with age, the selective pathology involving pigmented brainstem neurones, especially those in substantia nigra pars compacta, and the epidemic of encephalitis lethargica with its disappearing aftermath of post-encephalitic parkinsonism.
Execution replay on distributed memory architectures

Debugging parallel programs on MIMD machines is a difficult task because successive executions of the same program can lead to different behaviors. To solve this problem, a method called execution replay has been introduced, which guarantees the reexecution of a program to be equivalent to the initial execution. Most of execution replay techniques proposed until now may be named 'data driven techniques'. Such techniques are relatively easy to implement in the case of the most common communication primitives. However, the time needed to record the large amount of required information is significant, which might modify the initial execution. Execution replay becomes in this case meaningless. Another class of execution replay named control driven execution replay allows one to limit the amount of recorded information. The paper presents a solution of the class control driven which realizes execution replay on distributed memory architectures. In contrary to all other proposed approaches, the technique is adapted to nonblocking primitives, and is not dependent on any form of message passing communication. <<ETX>>
Discovering persuaded risk of permission in android applications for malicious application detection

Mobile devices are a significant ingredient of our daily life, due to sudden increase in use of Android and popularity of Android apps. Android is leading in mobile market. As the openness of Android platform leads to several privacy issues and damage to user's private and confidential information. Basic security architecture is to protect different resources by checking permissions used in Android. It has several limitations for example when apps are granted more permissions than they actually need, which leads to all kinds of malpractices of data stored in Android devices by inserting malicious code. The Android permission system offers to install apps without any choice. There are certain apps available in Google play store which guarantees permission check and also grant or revoke apps's permission during runtime. However we discovered that these permissions are granted or revoked at the applications layer but at the android API framework the permission is leaked and the misuse of information is still going on. We propose secure, transparent permission framework for android apps by reverse engineering the source code.
Gender Differences in the Use of Portuguese in Social Networks: Evidence from LIWC

This work aims at highlighting gender differences in the use of Brazilian Portuguese by users of a Brazilian social network. We perform this study by using a dictionary of a text analysis program named LIWC. Experimental results indicate that males and females differ with respect to the most used word classes. Our results are consistent with studies performed in other languages.
DNA Polymerase (cid:1) -mediated Long Patch Base Excision Repair POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE-1 STIMULATES STRAND DISPLACEMENT DNA SYNTHESIS*

Recently, photoaffinity labeling experiments with mouse cell extracts suggested that PARP-1 functions as a surveillance protein for a stalled BER intermediate. To further understand the role of PARP-1 in BER, we examined the DNA synthesis and flap excision steps in long patch BER using a reconstituted system containing a 34-base pair BER substrate and five purified human enzymes: uracil-DNA glycosylase, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, DNA polymerase (cid:1) , flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1), and PARP-1. PARP-1 stimulates strand displacement DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase (cid:1) in this system; this stimulation is dependent on the presence of FEN-1. PARP-1 and FEN-1, therefore, cooperate to activate long patch BER. The results are discussed in the context of a model for BER sub-pathway choice, illustrating a dual role for PARP-1 as a surveillance protein for a stalled BER intermediate and an activating factor for long patch BER DNA synthesis. strand displacement synthesis to produce the repair patch (cid:1) cleavage to release the flap.
Artificial evolution and natural ribozymes

In vitro selection techniques have been used to probe the sequence, structure, and function of natural ribozymes such as the viroid hammerheads and group I self‐splicing introns. These artifical evolution experiments help to delimit the range of alternative structures and functions that are available to catalytic RNAs, and thus can provide insights into why particular sequences or mechanisms were fixed during the course of natural selection. Further, the wide variety of forms and functions that ribozymes have been found to assume in the laboratory provides inferential support for the hypothesis that much of modern metabolism may have been distantly derived from biochemistry centered on RNA rather than protein catalysts. —Kumar, P. K, R. , Ellington, A, D. Artificial evolution and natural ribozymes. FASEB J. 9, 1183‐1195 (1995)
Vaccination with a multi‐epitopic recombinant allergen induces specific immune deviation via T‐cell anergy

Prophylactic vaccination has recently emerged as a major paradigm toward the prevention and therapy of allergies and asthma; however, the immunological basis of this approach remains to be elucidated. We examined the potential and mechanism of prophylaxis of allergic response in B6D2F1 mice with a multi‐epitopic recombinant allergen, rKBG8·3 (MERA‐8·3), which represents a major group of allergens of grass pollens, used herein as a model of MERA vaccine. Vaccination (subcutaneous) with soluble MERA‐8·3, prior to immunization with the MERA‐8·3 in alum, led to suppression of the IgE antibody response and a concomitant increase in IgG2a antibody response specific to the MERA‐8·3 in a dose‐dependent manner. Analysis of cytokine patterns in spleen and lymph node cells revealed a marked decrease of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and IL‐4 production and to a lesser extent a decrease of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) synthesis, resulting in an increased ratio of IFN‐γ:IL‐4 in vaccinated–immunized mice compared with untreated–immunized control mice. Furthermore, splenocytes of mice treated with the MERA‐8·3 alone proliferated to MERA‐8·3 in vitro with reduced capacity compared with the splenocytes of MERA‐8·3‐alum immunized mice, owing to a markedly reduced level of IL‐2 production in the former. Collectively, these results suggest that vaccination with the MERA‐8·3 induces T‐cell anergy, which is pivotal to deviation of specific immunity from Th2‐ to Th1‐like, and may serve as an important approach to prevention and therapy of allergic disorders.
Systemic causes of hair loss

Abstract Hair loss is both a common chief complaint by patients and a clinical challenge for physicians, especially general practitioners, yet few dermatological problems yield as much patient satisfaction when resolved as hair loss. The diagnosis is often attributed to androgen-related hair loss, while other causes, some of which are life-threatening but treatable, are overlooked. We searched for relevant literature on hair loss and supported these findings with our clinical experience to identify seven major systemic etiologies of hair loss, ranging from infectious agents to consumption of unsafe supplements. Many causes are only described in the literature through case studies, though some original articles and meta-analyses are available. Careful history taking, proper examination techniques, and judicious use of laboratory tests are essential to reach at the correct diagnosis in a cost-effective manner when performing patient work-up. Such methodical evaluation of hair loss can result in the appropriate treatment plan and provide significant patient satisfaction. Key messages Hair loss is a common chief complaint and a difficult challenge for both general practitioners and dermatology consultants. We identified seven major categories of systemic hair loss etiology and present a framework for their clinical evaluation. A methodical approach to hair loss can result in the appropriate treatment plan and provide significant patient satisfaction.
Different Patterns of p16INK4A and p53 Protein Expressions in Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasms and Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Objectives: To examine aberrations and differences of cell cycle regulatory proteins between intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs). Methods: In total, 47 IPMN lesions and 42 PanIN lesions were obtained from 26 patients with IPMN and 16 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for invasive pancreatic ductal cancer or other diseases. They were subjected to conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunostaining for p16INK4A and p53. The percentages of immunohistochemical positivity or negativity were compared between IPMN and PanIN, in accordance with the same histological grade of atypia. The Ki-67 labeling index was also counted in each lesion. Results: Either the loss of p16INK4A expression or the overexpression of p53 was much more frequently observed among PanIN-3 than among carcinoma in situ in IPMN (P = 0.046 and 0.008, respectively). The Ki-67 labeling index was correlated with the histological grades of both PanINs and IPMNs (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: There are different immunohistochemical expression patterns of p16INK4A and p53 between IPMNs and PanINs. These may substantiate their different genetic progressions to invasive carcinoma.Abbreviations: IPMN - intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasia, PanIN - pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Towards a new classification of intracellular particle movements based on quantitative analyses.

A survey study of organelle movements in a variety of cell types of plant and animal origin was made with the aid of video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy followed by fine analysis of the motile behavior of the individual organelles. We found that there exists besides Brownian motion a wide spectrum of active motions in cells, i.e. motion that is directionally biased through the expenditure of metabolic energy. The types of active motion seen range from a continuous motion (sometimes appearing as streaming) in plant cells and neurons to various types of less ordered and less well directed motion. We did not see any clear-cut qualitative difference between plant and animal cells or between systems presumed to be actin- and microtubule-based. A preliminary classification of the types of active motion is presented. The ongoing research activities, which aim at a more precise definition of the different types of motion by a set of quantitative parameters, are described, and the progress made so far is reported.
Exploiting Data to Support Operations of EXPOSED Aquaculture Installations

Aquaculture is an increasingly important industrial sector in Norway. The Norwegian Ministry of Fishery and Aquaculture states that its a long term goal for aquaculture is a five fold increase in production by 2050 1. This stands in direct contrast with recent Norwegian news2 which states that aquaculture in Norway is facing a growing challenge with regards to fish disease and environmental impact. To help the industry reach the goal set by the Ministry of Fishery and Aquaculture of a five fold increase without increasing the environmental impact we need to increase the amount of locations suitable for modern aquaculture development. The SFI project EXPOSED3 is trying to do this by researching and developing technologies that enable aquaculture to operate at more exposed (o↵shore and subject to harsh weather) locations. A part of the technology needed for this is increased level of monitoring and decision support. Making use of the increasing amount of data gathered on these aquaculture installations to automate and support personnel would decrease cost and the amount of hours spent on the installations thus decreasing the risk for the personnel at these more exposed locations. Decision support systems within aquaculture traditionally employ numerical models (e.g. [7]). With the increasing amount of data being gathered at these installations, using machine learning to create models from the data would be a great addition to these models as a part of a decision support system. Machine learning is a promising field of research. Most recently shown by the rising field of deep learning. Deep Learning has been employed for data analysis within di↵erent domains, including, but not limited to; speech recognition [5, 10], object recognition [4] and text processing [2]. Recently it has also been tried as methods for improving computer-chess4 and computer-go [12] Given enough data and targeted at the correct problems (e.g. where learning patterns across huge amounts of data will lead to a solution) these methods excel. However if the data is sparse these methods can be hard to utilize. Another missing feature from these types of methods is explainability. Methods like deep learning (and other sub-symbolic methods) are not easily explained. It can be done through analyzing activation patterns in the neural networks etc, but it is undecipherable to anyone but experts in the field. Explainability is a key factor in making the human operator trust the decision/operator support system and other machine learning methods are easier to explain and understand, such as Bayesian networks[15] or to a lesser degree Evolutionary Algorithms[11, 6]. Case-based reasoning (CBR)[1] is an example of another method that is based on symbols and knowledge (also known as a knowledge-based reasoning method). As the method is heavily inspired by cognitive models, the method is more easily explainable. CBR in combination with knowledge engineering in cooperation with human experts can even achieve high performance without the
An Exploratory Study of Female Psychopathy and Drug-Related Violent Crime

There is a clear link between drugs and violence, and the extensive burden drug-related violence inflicts on society. However, drug-related violence is largely understudied, especially in female populations. The aim of the present study was to explore whether women convicted of drug-related violent crime differed on individual-level risk factors from women convicted of a nondrug-related violent crime and women convicted of nonviolent crimes. One hundred and twenty-five female inmates were classified using official criminal records. Multinomial logistic regression indicated inmates higher in antisocial psychopathic traits and low level of educational attainment were more likely to be in the drug-related violent crime group. In comparison, inmates higher in callous psychopathic traits were more likely to be in the nondrug-related violent crime group. Using official records of prison misconduct, a secondary aim tested whether prison violence increased the likelihood of being in either of the violent crime groups. Results show inmates who had committed violent misconducts over a 6-month period were more likely to be the nondrug-related violent crime group. Prison violence did not differentiate inmates in the nonviolent crime group from the drug-related violent crime group. These findings are the first to explore the relation between psychopathy and drug-related violent crime, and drug-related violent crime predicting future violent behavior in female criminals. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity in female violent behavior. Furthermore, psychopathy is not only shown to be an important risk factor for violence in women but also highlights that the dimensional construct is essential for understanding context-dependent violence.
Modeling of Air Core Permanent-Magnet Linear Motors With a Simplified Nonlinear Magnetic Analysis

This paper presents a new analysis method for air core permanent-magnet synchronous linear motor design optimization problems with a large search space. The aim is to reduce the total computational time by replacing most of the finite-element analysis (FEA) steps with an analytical model of the motor consisting of nonlinear equivalent magnetic circuit and flux density distribution models. A small number of FEA steps are used to determine some parameters of the analytical model. The result of the proposed method is compared with results of both a pure FEA design and experiments on a real motor. The proposed method has similar performance to FEA, although computationally it is at least two orders of magnitude faster.
30-dBi gain microstrip grid array antenna at 24 GHz on a single-layer substrate

A microstrip grid array antenna is designed at 24 GHz on a single-layer RT/duriod 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.31 mm. Simulated results show that the microstrip grid array antenna achieved a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 210MHz, a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 500-MHz, and the maximum gain of 30.1 dBi at 24.15 GHz.
Storage mites responsible for occupational allergy among farmers

We were very interested in the paper by Drs E. and S. G. O. Johansson and Dr M. van Hage-Hamsten [1] in the August 1994 issue of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Their introduction, however, opens with the words 'Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae belong to storage mites which are common inhabitants of dust of different stored agricultural products and responsible for occupational allergy among farmers. ' We would agree with this except for the inclusion of T. putrescentiae which, as Dr A. M. Hughes points out in her definitive work on The Mites of Stored Food and Houses [2], 'In the temperate climate of this country is most frequently found in large numbers in stored food with a high fat and protein content. '. She goes on to note that of the three species of Tyrophagus, T. longior is a cool to temperate form, T. palmarum a temperate species and T. putrescentiae is to be found in subtropical and tropical regions'. Further she states that T. longior is to be found on cheese in cool temperate regions' but it more commonly occurs in stored home-produced grain, hay and straw where it often increases to very large numbers by the end of autumn'. This latter is certainly our experience in Scotland and we suspect it would be a common experience in most temperate zone farms.
Study on a Nanoparticle System for Buccal Delivery of Insulin

In this paper, a nanoparticle system of insulin (NSI) was prepared for buccal transmucosal delivery of insulin. The average size of the suspending particles was 67.5 nm, and a possible microstructure of the nanoparticles in the system was proposed. The transmucosal ability of insulin was evaluated in rabbits from the views of the hypoglycaemic rate and pharmacokinetics. The average bioavailability of NSI by buccal delivery versus subcutaneous injection is 18.3%. These results indicate that the studied nanoparticle system may be promising vehicles for the buccal delivery of insulin