Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement in the Medical Office

Background: Despite the high prevalence of blood pressure (BP) measurement errors in the outpatient setting, little is known about why primary care clinics struggle to achieve consistently accurate BP measurements in routine practice. We investigated barriers affecting measurement of BP for adult patients in primary care. Methods: We conducted a qualitative evaluation in 6 adult primary care clinics. BP measurement was observed during 54 routine patient encounters. Six managers completed semistructured interviews and 18 clinical staff members participated in focus group discussions. We used an inductive, data-driven approach to identify and organize findings into cohesive, overarching themes describing factors affecting BP measurement. Results: Observed errors in BP measurement spanned the entire spectrum of steps required to obtain BP properly. Barriers to proper BP measurement were related to staff knowledge and behavior (inadequate knowledge, training, and feedback); workflow constraints (need to multitask, inadequate time); and equipment issues (BP monitors, seating). Patient characteristics and behavior also affected BP measurement. Conclusions: Correct measurement of BP is affected by a wide range of factors and is challenging to accomplish consistently in primary care. These findings may inform the design of performance improvement programs to maximize the quality of BP measurement in the outpatient setting.
Comparison of Commercial Chatbot solutions for Supporting Customer Interaction

Considering the advancing digitalization and the rise of new technologies, the way people interact with one another but also approach companies has fundamentally changed. In this respect, chatbots have experienced a “comeback” recently and many large companies but also small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the B2C sector search for ways to support the conversation with customers via chatbots. Nevertheless, chatbots must fulfil particular functionalities (e.g., in terms of language processing or quality of communication) to be purposefully applied in an entrepreneurial setting, and particularly, at SMEs. The investigation at hand analyses the solutions of 14 technology providers for realizing a chatbot in terms of (1) quality of the communication, (2) reaction to inappropriate input, (3) personalization, (4) language processing, (5) security, (6) interfaces & mobile device support, (7) training, (8) implementation and (9) costs. Thereby, the peculiarities of human-machine communications and requirements of firms are taken into account. The results were derived on base of an online survey among the solution providers. It turned out that a high percentage of the functionalities, which are decisive for a valuable entrepreneurial chatbot application, are covered by the providers, however, with nuanced differences being observed regarding particular features.
Nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics study of the vibrational energy relaxation of peptides in water

A nonequilibrium description of the vibrational-energy relaxation of solvated flexible molecules such as small peptides in aqueous solution is outlined. Having in mind to employ standard biomolecular molecular-dynamics program packages, several methodological developments are introduced. To calculate the vibrational normal-mode energies for a system undergoing large-amplitude motion, an instantaneous normal-mode analysis is employed. To mimic the laser excitation of a given vibrational mode in its excited states, a computational scheme is proposed which allows us to calculate the nonequilibrium phase-space initial conditions for the solute and the solvent atoms. It is demonstrated that the vibrational relaxation dynamics sensitively depends on the accurate representation of the initially excited normal mode. In particular, effects of the quantum-mechanical zero-point energy contained by the initial state are investigated, thus elucidating the importance of quantum fluctuations. To study the validity and the performance of the method, the laser-induced amide I ν=1→0 energy relaxation of N-methylacetamid in D2O is considered. The vibrational energy relaxation rate obtained from the nonequilibrium simulations is in qualitative agreement with experiment, whereas a Landau–Teller-type calculation underestimates the rate considerably. The virtues and problems of the nonequilibrium description are discussed in some detail.
Sulphate trends in Europe: are we able to model the recent observed decrease

Abundance of sulphate in Europe has decreased substantially during the last two decades. In this paper, we investigate these recent trends in sulphate concentrations by applying the Oslo CTM2 model using three different sets of SO2 emission inventories. We perform time slice model simulations with emissions for the years 1985, 1995 and 2000 and compare our results with observations to investigate if there is consistency between measured and modelled sulphate trends. Overall the model reproduces the levels of sulphur and the decreasing sulphate trends reasonably well, although some discrepancies exist. The model shows a strong reduction in the surface concentration of sulphate similar to the observations, although a slightly smaller decrease. Continental and Eastern Europe experience the largest decrease in sulphate from 1985 to 2000; observations give 65 and 63% decrease, respectively, while modelled decreases are from 42 to 58% depending on the inventory. We have also studied to what extent our model results are sensitive and robust. Based on our model simulations we find that the EMEP emissions of the three sets of emission inventories are best to reproduce the trends in sulphate observations.
Leadership effectiveness among nurse managers and its relationship with extrovert/introvert personality

BACKGROUND: Success in patient care and gain credit for the hospital depend on nurse staff competent and appetency, so they must be lead in suitable manners and it is nurse manager's duty that must have suitable personality and competency for powerful leadership. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of leadership and its relationship with extrovert/introvert personality. METHODS: This is a descriptive correlation study. Samples were all 128 nurse managers of hospitals related to Isfahan University of Medical Science that were selected through census method. Data collection tool was questionnaire and data were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS: Findings showed that majority of samples were extrovert between 50 to 75 percent, also most of the managers had powerful leadership effectiveness and there was a direct and meaningful correlation between leadership effectiveness and extroversion in supervisors (r = 0.42, p = 0.01) and head nurses (r = 0.46, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The correlation between leadership effectiveness and extroversion in supervisor and head nurse groups may be related to their various communications with others and different units employees. KEY WORDS: Nurse manager, leadership effectiveness, personality.
Validation of a Work Engagement Scale. Profi les associated with high Performance and Job Satisfaction

The aim of this paper was to validate a scale to assess work engagement: a measure of a psychological aspect of the role that includes the attention, absorption and energy that the individual invests in his/her work tasks. Confi rmatory factor analysis, internal consistency estimation, and evidences of convergent and discriminant validity indicated that the Argentine Work Engagement Scale is a valid and reliable measure to be used in Argentinean population. Additionally, diff erences in work engagement levels were studied regarding individual and organizational variables. Higher levels of work engagement were found in younger individuals and in those who were in charge of personal. Lastly, some engagement profi les were found to be associated to higher performance and job satisfaction.
Annegrete Bruvoll and Karine Nyborg On the value of households' recycling efforts

Do households' recycling efforts represent a social cost, which should be taken into account in costbenefit analyses of alternative waste treatment systems? Some argue that it should not, since recycling efforts are to a large extent voluntary. We demonstrate that if the government can indirectly increase voluntary recycling efforts through appeals to the public or through similar means, then the use of these means does impose a cost on households. This cost can be higher or lower than the environmental gain resulting from the increased recycling. Norwegian data indicates a willingness to pay to let others take over the individual’s sorting of household waste corresponding to a cost of about USD 87 per tonne, which is significant compared to the total treatment costs.
<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kim-ieq1-2698461.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-Injection: Toward Effective Collaborative Filtering Using Uninteresting Items

We develop a novel framework, named as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kim-ieq2-2698461.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-injection, to address the sparsity problem of recommender systems. By carefully injecting low values to a selected set of unrated user-item pairs in a user-item matrix, we demonstrate that top-<italic>N</italic> recommendation accuracies of various collaborative filtering (CF) techniques can be significantly and consistently improved. We first adopt the notion of <italic>pre-use preferences</italic> of users toward a vast amount of <italic>unrated</italic> items. Using this notion, we identify <italic>uninteresting</italic> items that have not been rated yet but are likely to receive low ratings from users, and selectively impute them as low values. As our proposed approach is method-agnostic, it can be easily applied to a variety of CF algorithms. Through comprehensive experiments with three real-life datasets (e.g., Movielens, Ciao, and Watcha), we demonstrate that our solution consistently and universally enhances the accuracies of existing CF algorithms (e.g., item-based CF, SVD-based CF, and SVD++) by 2.5 to 5 times on average. Furthermore, our solution improves the running time of those CF methods by 1.2 to 2.3 times when its setting produces the best accuracy. The datasets and codes that we used in the experiments are available at: <uri>https://goo.gl/KUrmip</uri>.
Cyber Physical Systems: A Review

The word “cyber physical system” (CPS) refers to those systems which feature tight integration of computation with physical processes. The example application areas of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) include automated medical devices, air traffic management, automotive systems, smart homes and building, hydro-electric dam controls, data centers, critical infrastructures, industrial control systems and environmental control. Modern CPSs range from small sized pace makers to large-scale national smart power grids. CPSs differ from conventional embedded systems in that CPSs are designed as a network of interacting elements which have physical input and output unlike embedded systems which typically act as standalone devices. An example of CPS is a body sensor network (BSN), which is a network of medical devices that can observe, react, and communicate with other BSNs or operators through a wireless network. The confluence of the underlying CPS technologies offers new opportunities for the researchers. Further development of the field of CPS will require integration of techniques across various application areas. To provide a deep understanding of CPS field in a large spectrum of application areas, in this chapter, we review recent advances in the development and applications of CPSs. For sake of brevity, we discuss examples of only few research works, which helps in obtaining a broader picture of cyber physical systems. We especially focus on the applications of CPSs to give the reader an overview of the potential of CPSs. BACKGROUND
Investment promotion in the South African manufacturing industry: incentive comparisons with Malaysia and Singapore

South Africa needs to increase its inward foreign direct investment in order to achieve economic growth. The purpose of this article is to explore which intervention could be launched in the short term to enhance the country's attractiveness for foreign investors. The findings of the literature review demonstrated that incentives, as a determinant of investment, are the short-term intervention with the most significant potential to attract additional foreign direct investment. A comparative study, which provided insight into the incentives that are currently offered to the manufacturing sectors of three countries (South Africa, Malaysia and Singapore), assisted in identifying two additional incentives that the South African government could introduce and three existing incentives that could be amended. The introduction or modification of these incentives could ensure that South Africa has a competitive advantage to attract investment from foreign investors and thereby increase South Africa's inward foreign direct investment in the manufacturing industry.
Project selection problem under uncertainty: An application of utility theory and chance constrained programming to a real case

A B S T R A C T Selecting from a pool of interdependent projects under certainty, when faced with resource constraints, has been studied well in the literature of project selection problem. After briefly reviewing and discussing popular modeling approaches for dealing with uncertainty, this paper proposes an approach based on chance constrained programming and utility theory for a certain range of problems and under some practical assumptions. Expected Utility Programming, as the proposed modeling approach, will be compared with other well-known methods and its meaningfulness and usefulness will be illustrated via two numerical examples and one real case.
Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov., Respectively

Different types of studies have shown that Campylobacter pylori does not belong in the genus Campylobacter. Ribonucleic acid sequencing has indicated that C. pylori might belong in the genus Wolinella, but we describe five major groups of taxonomic features of the genus Wolinella that differ markedly from those of C. pylori, including ultrastructure and morphology, cellular fatty acids, menaquinones, growth characteristics, and enzyme capabilities, indicating that C. pylori should not be included in the genus Wolinella. Thus, we propose the establishment of a new genus, Helicobacter; C. pylori should be transferred to this genus as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov., and H. pylori NCTC 11637 (= ATCC 43504) is the type strain. The gastric spiral organism from ferrets has been elevated recently from Campylobacter pylori subsp. mustelae to Campylobacter mustelae. We describe the similarities and differences between C. mustelae and C. pylori compared with other campylobacters, and we propose that C. mustelae should be included in the new genus Helicobacter as Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov. (type strain, ATCC 43772).
Connection without caution ? The role of mobile phone involvement in predicting young people ’ s intentions to use a mobile phone while driving by

The present study examined the predictors of the intentions of young people aged between 17 and 24 years (N = 196) to use their mobile phone while driving. Using convenience sampling, drivers were recruited at petrol station travel centres to complete a cross-sectional survey. The Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) were measured, as well as mobile phone involvement a construct based on behavioural addiction components to reflect people’s cognitive and behavioural interaction with their mobile phone. Attitudes, PBC, and mobile phone involvement predicted young people’s intentions to use their mobile phone while driving, highlighting the need for interventions to address the perceived rewards and costs of the behaviour and to challenge the potentially powerful need to be constantly connected with others by technology irrespective of the associated dangers.
Motor behavior as a scientific field: A view from the start of the 21st Century

At the start of the 21 st century, the study of motor behavior is a mature and vibrant scientific field. In this paper, we describe the development of this field by tracing the history of its sub-areas: motor control, motor learning, and motor development. Our understanding of how humans control and coordinate their multi-segmented body in an ever changing environment across the lifespan has grown and matured enormously over the last 100 years. Today, these three sub-areas are converging as our scientific questions build upon the foundations laid by scientists in each of these areas. We end our paper by considering the future in this field and the challenges facing motor behavior scientists in this new century. Â Key Words: Motor development, motor learning, motor control.
Reconstruction in head-and-neck cancers – analysis of the learning curve

Background: Oral cancers are some of the most common cancers in India. Most patients present with locally advanced disease requiring extensive resection resulting in large defects. Reconstruction of these defects plays a major role in restoring form and function to these patients, as well as enabling the delivery of adjuvant therapy on time. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to analyze the learning curve involved in microvascular surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the case records of all patients of oral cancers, who underwent resection and reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2012 at our institute, was done. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software. Results: The operative time and the postoperative ventilation (7.8 h and 3.7 days, respectively) were significantly higher than those for pedicled flaps (3.6 h and 1.4 days, respectively). Both these variables reached statistical significance with P < 0.05 and < 0.04. The hospital stay was also statistically significantly longer for patients who underwent free-flap reconstruction (17.9 days vs. 7.9 days; P < 0.05). The number of reexplorations were higher in the free-flap group (31), when compared to the pedicled flap group (9). However, partial flap loss was higher in the pedicled flap subset when compared to the free-flap group. The complications significantly dropped after the performance of 30–40 free flaps. Conclusion: There is a steep learning curve in microvascular surgery, but the cosmetic and functional outcomes outweigh the complications.
A Survey on Plagiarism Detection Systems

Being a growing problem, plagiarism is generally defined as "literary theft" and "academic dishonesty" in the literature, and it is really has to be well-informed on this topic to prevent the problem and stick to the ethical principles. This paper presents a survey on plagiarism detection systems, a summary of several plagiarism types, techniques, and algorithms is provided. Common feature of deferent detection systems are described. At the end of this paper authors propose a web enabled system to detect plagiarism in documents , code and images, also this system could be used in E-Learning, E-Journal, and E-Business.
Hepatoprotective immune response during Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes provoke immune and inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines released from T-helper type-2 (Th2) cells. Infections with Trichinella species have been reported to differ by the host species. Previously, in rats, we observed acute liver inflammation in response to infection with Trichinella spiralis, and the rat hosts showed a series of biochemical changes characterized by a decrease in serum paraoxonase (PON) 1 activity associated with the down-regulation of hepatic PON1 synthesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect(s) of species differences on the immune response against T. spiralis infection by analyzing serum PON1 activity and the associated inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators in mice. There were inconsistent changes in the serum PON1 activity of mice infected with T. spiralis, and these changes were associated with significant increases in the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor α during the enteric phase of the infection, while the levels of IL-5 and interferon γ were significantly increased throughout the entire experimental period. Moreover, T. spiralis infection in mice was associated with little inflammatory cell infiltration in hepatic tissues. Given the zoonotic prevalence of T. spiralis, further mechanistic research in this area is warranted.
Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum (Fertilizer Production By-product)

The increasing demand for rare earth elements (REEs), used in technologically advanced products, has sparked the development of novel processes to recover REEs from secondary sources. Phosphogypsum (PG), the main by-product of fertilizer production contains some REEs, so it can be used as a secondary source. The current research focuses on: a thorough characterization analysis; acid leaching process; kinetics of the leaching process; recycling of consumed acid and effect of microwave pre-treatment on the REEs leaching. The results show that the leaching efficiency is controlled by the solubility limit of PG. Systematic leaching experiments using three acids under various operating conditions were performed. The results indicate the best operating conditions are 1.5 M, 80°C, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/8 and 20 min residence time, but the leaching efficiency using nitric and hydrochloric acids are higher than the sulphuric acid. Furthermore, it was found that microwave pre-treatment improves the leaching efficiency of REEs.
In memory of my late mother

C H APTE R ONE: IN TR O D U C T IO N . 5 1.1 Background o f the Study.5 1.2Statement o f the Problem.7 1.3 Justification o f the Study.8 1.4 Research Objectives.9 1.5 Research Questions. 9 1.6 Hypothesis.10 1.7 Methodology.10 1.8 Theoretical Framework. 10 1.9. 1 Effects o f Regulation o f Microfinance on Financial Inclusion.18 1.9. 2 Challenges o f Regulating Microfinance. 21 1.9. 3 Models o f Regulation o f Microfinance. 23 1.10 Chapter Breakdown.25 CH APTER TW O : TH E LEG AL AN D R E G U LATO R Y FRA M E W O R K FO R M IC R O FINANC E IN K E N Y A . 27 2.0 Introduction. 27 2.1 Operation o f Informal MFIs in Kenya. 30
process-based model of old field succession linking cosystem and community ecology

This paper presents a mechanistic model of plant succession to simulate the growth of natural vegetation during long fallow periods in traditional cropping systems of the high tropical Andes. The vegetation is described as a multilayer mixture of species in competition for light and soil nitrogen. In each layer leaves are randomly distributed. The model predicts growth and biomass production of each species, and takes into account carbon and nitrogen cycling through plants and soil. It uses a daily time-step with meteorological data as forcing variables. It considers six species with four organs: leaves, stems, seeds and roots. It simulates photosynthesis; growth and maintenance respiration; carbon allocation; nitrogen uptake, fixation and remobilization; tissue mortality; and seed dispersion and germination. Our simulations show among other results that: (1) it may be difficult to detect changes in the amount of soil nitrogen during fallow periods, because simulated changes in