Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance Exercise Training Reduces Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentration in Healthy Young Humans

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells, and therefore has been implicated in regulation of vascular tonus and progression of atherosclerosis. We recently demonstrated that the plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly decreased by aerobic exercise training in healthy young humans and healthy older humans. However, it is unclear whether the production of ET-1 is altered by resistance exercise training. We measured the plasma ET-1 concentration before and after resistance exercise training in healthy young humans. Six healthy young men (26 ± 1 years old) performed 8 weeks of resistance exercise training (3 days/week). There were no significant differences in body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, and maximal oxygen consumption before and after resistance exercise training. The girths of the arm and thigh significantly increased after resistance exercise training. The maximal muscle powers in the arm and leg increased after resistance exercise training. After resistance exercise training, the plasma concentration of ET-1 significantly decreased. The present study suggested that resistance exercise training, as well as aerobic exercise training, reduces the plasma ET-1 concentration in healthy young humans, and that this reduction in plasma ET-1 concentration may have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.
Development of a real-time transport performance optimization methodology

Abstract AxfpThe practical application of real-time performanceoptimization is addressed (using a wide-body transport Azfpsimulation) based on real-time measurements andcalculation of incremental drag from forced response C Lmaneuvers. Various controller combinations can beenvisioned although this study used symmetric outboard CDaileron and stabilizer. The approach is based onnavigation instrumentation and other measurements CL@n_n CDfound on state-of-the-art transports. This information isused to calculate winds and angle of attack. Thrust is CD Mestimated from a representative engine model as afunction of measured variables. The lift and dragequations are then used to calculate lift and drag CDocoefficients. An expression for drag coefficient, which is c.g. a function of parasite drag, induced drag, and aileron DFRCdrag, is solved from forced excitation response data.Estimates of the parasite drag, curvature of the ailerondrag variation, and minimum drag aileron position areproduced. Minimum drag is then obtained byrepositioning the symmetric aileron. Simulation resultsare also presented which evaluate the affects ofmeasurement bias and resolution.NomenclatureAPO adaptive performance optimizationACEE aircraft energy efficiencyAFTI advanced fighter technologyintegration*Aerospace Engineer, A1AA,MemberCopyright © 1995 by the American Institute of Aeronautics andAstronautics, Inc. No copyright is asserted in the United States underTitle 17,U.S. Code. The U.S. Government hasaroyalty-freelicensetoexercise all rights under the copyright claimed herein forGovernmental purposes. All other rights are reservedby the copyrightowner.EPRFMSGPSghINSK 1, K 2L/DMMAWPSCacceleration along the flightpath, g(positive forward)acceleration normal to the flightpath,g (positive up)coefficient of liftcoefficient of dragC L at minimum CDcoefficient of drag caused by Machnumberminimum drag coefficientcenter of gravityNASA Dryden Flight ResearchCenter, Edwards, Californiaengine pressure ratioflight management systemGlobal Positioning Systemacceleration caused by gravityaltitude, ftinertial navigation systemdrag equation coefficientslift-to-drag ratioMach numbermission adaptive wingperformance-seeking controldynamic pressure, lb/ft 2
Parameterised post-Newtonian formalism for the effective field theory of dark energy via screened reconstructed Horndeski theories

We bring together two popular formalisms which generically parameterise deviations from General Relativity on astrophysical and cosmological scales, namely the parameterised post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism and the effective field theory (EFT) of dark energy and modified gravity. These separate formalisms are successfully applied to independently perform tests of gravity in their respective regimes of applicability on vastly different length scales. Nonlinear screening mechanisms indeed make it imperative to probe General Relativity across a wide range of scales. For a comprehensive interpretation of the complementary measurements it is important to connect them to effectively constrain the vast gravitational model space. We establish such a connection within the framework of Horndeski scalar-tensor theories restricted to a luminal propagation speed of gravitational waves. This is possible via the reconstruction of the family of linearly degenerate covariant Horndeski actions from the set of EFT functions and the subsequent derivation of the PPN parameters from the reconstructed theory. We outline the required conditions which ensure a reconstructed Horndeski model possesses a screening mechanism that enables significant modifications on cosmological scales while respecting stringent astrophysical bounds. Employing a scaling method, we then perform the general post-Newtonian expansion of the reconstructed models to derive their PPN parameters γ and β in their screened regimes.
Poverty Alleviation through Corporate Social Responsibility in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Failed government’s policies aimed at developing the Niger Delta region left it one of the poorest regions of Nigeria; and necessitated agitations by the communities for oil multinationals to step in to fill this development gap. Through the company’s corporate social responsibility, Shell Petroleum Developing Company – the Nigerian subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell has demonstrated commitments to the reduction of poverty in the region. The paper examines some of the company’s poverty alleviation projects in the region. Using a qualitative approach, drawing on relevant secondary data and content analysis the paper argues that Shell has contributed immensely to the development of local communities in its areas of operation and also contributed to the economic growth of Nigeria. However, given the vast majority of the region’s population living in poverty, the paper advises that government should complement the efforts of Shell both in the region and across the country using massive wealth generated for the government by the oil company.
Laminin chains in rat and human peripheral nerve: Distribution and regulation during development and after axonal injury

During nerve growth, axons are dependent upon contact with matrix components, such as laminins, for elongation, guidance, and trophic support. Semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to identify laminin chains in normal peripheral nerves, during postnatal development, after sciatic nerve transection (SNT), and after sciatic nerve crush (SNC). Laminin α2, α4, β1, β2, and γ1 chain mRNAs were all expressed at high levels in newborn rat sciatic nerves with declining levels during later developmental stages. At the adult stage, no laminin chain mRNA was detectable. Of interest, the mRNA levels for α4 chain declined faster than those for α2. After SNT, laminin α2, α4, β1, and γ1 mRNA levels were up‐regulated at the site of the injury, with the most profound reaction in the proximal nerve stump. Laminin α2 and α4 chains differed in that the mRNA levels of α4 were up‐regulated earlier and declined quicker, whereas α2 had a later onset, with high levels remaining even after 6 weeks. After SNC, there was an initial up‐regulation of the same laminin chain mRNAs as after SNT in the nerve, however, less intense, and at 6 weeks after SNC, all laminin mRNA levels studied had returned to normal. IHC of adult human normal and transected peripheral nerves stained positive for laminin α2, α4, β1, and γ1 chains in close relation to neurofilament labeled axons. Laminin α3, α4, α5, β1, β2, and γ1 chains were found in blood vessel‐like structures and α3, α4, α5, β2, and γ1 in the perineurium. These results and a previously published description of integrin regulation in spinal motoneurons suggest that both laminin‐2 (α2β1γ1) and laminin‐8 (α4β1γ1) are important for the postnatal nerve development and axonal regeneration after injury and that laminin‐8 may have important functions especially early postnatally and early after adult nerve lesion. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:284–293, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exact relations between Rayleigh–Bénard and rotating plane Couette flow in two dimensions

Abstract Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) and Taylor–Couette flow (TCF) are two paradigmatic fluid dynamical systems frequently discussed together because of their many similarities despite their different geometries and forcing. Often these analogies require approximations, but in the limit of large radii where TCF becomes rotating plane Couette flow (RPC) exact relations can be established. When the flows are restricted to two spatial independent variables, there is an exact specification that maps the three velocity components in RPC to the two velocity components and one temperature field in RBC. Using this, we deduce several relations between both flows: (i) heat and angular momentum transport differ by $(1-R_{\Omega })$, explaining why angular momentum transport is not symmetric around $R_{\Omega }=1/2$ even though the relation between $Ra$, the Rayleigh number, and $R_{\Omega }$, a non-dimensional measure of the rotation, has this symmetry. This relationship leads to a predicted value of $R_{\Omega }$ that maximizes the angular momentum transport that agrees remarkably well with existing numerical simulations of the full three-dimensional system. (ii) One variable in both flows satisfies a maximum principle, i.e. the fields’ extrema occur at the walls. Accordingly, backflow events in shear flow cannot occur in this quasi two-dimensional setting. (iii) For free-slip boundary conditions on the axial and radial velocity components, previous rigorous analysis for RBC implies that the azimuthal momentum transport in RPC is bounded from above by $Re_S^{5/6}$, where $Re_S$ is the shear Reynolds number, with a scaling exponent smaller than the anticipated $Re_S^1$.
Playing unique games on certified small-set expanders

We give an algorithm for solving unique games (UG) instances whenever low-degree sum-of-squares proofs certify good bounds on the small-set-expansion of the underlying constraint graph via a hypercontractive inequality. Our algorithm is in fact more versatile, and succeeds even when the constraint graph is not a small-set expander as long as the structure of non-expanding small sets is (informally speaking) “characterized” by a low-degree sum-of-squares proof. Our results are obtained by rounding low-entropy solutions — measured via a new global potential function — to sum-of-squares (SoS) semidefinite programs. This technique adds to the (currently short) list of general tools for analyzing SoS relaxations for worst-case optimization problems. As corollaries, we obtain the first polynomial-time algorithms for solving any UG instance where the constraint graph is either the noisy hypercube, the short code or the Johnson graph. The prior best algorithm for such instances was the eigenvalue enumeration algorithm of Arora, Barak, and Steurer (2010) which requires quasi-polynomial time for the noisy hypercube and nearly-exponential time for the short code and Johnson graphs. All of our results achieve an approximation of 1−є vs δ for UG instances, where є>0 and δ > 0 depend on the expansion parameters of the graph but are independent of the alphabet size.
La régulation naturelle des insectes ravageurs des cultures légumières et ses conséquences sur la production : quantification du service fourni et recherche de leviers pour son intensification

Le developpement d’une agriculture moins dependante des pesticides repose en partie sur la maximisation des services ecosystemiques. L’objectif principal de cette these etait de quantifier le service de regulation des insectes ravageurs par leurs ennemis naturels, en conditions experimentales et en situation de production. Le travail a porte sur les brassicacees legumieres soumises aux attaques de ravageurs aeriens et souterrains (pucerons et mouche du chou). Nous avons evalue leur nuisibilite pour quantifier les degâts et dommages qu’ils peuvent generer. Nos resultats confirment la moindre nuisibilite des pucerons par rapport a celle de la mouche du chou. Pour celle-ci, la nuisibilite sur legume-fleur s’exprime non seulement par la mortalite des plants mais aussi par un effet sur leur developpement.Nous avons egalement montre que les predateurs epiges reduisaient significativement les populations des deux ravageurs, ce qui, pour la mouche du chou, conduit a une baisse consequente de la mortalite des plants. Enfin, simplifier le travail du sol au printemps n’a pas permis de favoriser les predateurs hivernant dans la parcelle, ni d’augmenter le service de regulation a court terme. Cependant les predateurs precoces sont determinants et doivent etre favorises par des pratiques intra- et peri-parcellaires ciblees. Les connaissances acquises dans ce travail demontrent le potentiel de la lutte biologique par conservation pour une gestion agro-ecologique efficace des insectes ravageurs.
Evolution of dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans III. Metrics of deciduous dentition.

Deciduous tooth size in Native Americans of the Ohio Valley area is fairly stable from the terminal Late Archaic (3200 BP) through the Late Prehistoric (350 BP) periods. Some fluctuation in average size did occur during this time. These fluctuations most likely reflect random changes due to gene drift. However, no difference in the pattern of interactions among the sizes of teeth (covariance structures) can be demonstrated during this period. Principal components analysis of the buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions in the total sample indicate that the major axis of deciduous tooth size in the Ohio Valley population shows an allometric relationship, with the dimensions of the anterior teeth increasing (or decreasing) as the 1.33 power of the dimension of m1(1) and as the 2.0 power of the dimension of m2(2). Comparison of the Ohio Valley samples with other samples from the Eastern Woodlands suggests that geography may have played a minor role in structuring deciduous tooth size variation. For the most part, however, widely separated Eastern Woodlands populations appear to have been evolving independently with respect to deciduous tooth size.
Real-Time Regression with Dividing Local Gaussian Processes

The increased demand for online prediction and the growing availability of large data sets drives the need for computationally efficient models. While exact Gaussian process regression shows various favorable theoretical properties (uncertainty estimate, unlimited expressive power), the poor scaling with respect to the training set size prohibits its application in big data regimes in real-time. Therefore, this paper proposes dividing local Gaussian processes, which are a novel, computationally efficient modeling approach based on Gaussian process regression. Due to an iterative, data-driven division of the input space, they achieve a sublinear computational complexity in the total number of training points in practice, while providing excellent predictive distributions. A numerical evaluation on real-world data sets shows their advantages over other state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy as well as prediction and update speed.
Phase Changing Material: An Alternative Method for Cooling Babies with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) has been proved effective. Standard equipment is expensive, while ice packs used in low resource settings are labour intensive and associated with wider temperature fluctuations. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of using phase changing material (PCM) as an alternative method for providing therapeutic hypothermia. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 41 babies with HIE who had been cooled with PCM (OM 32™ or HS 29™) to a target rectal temperature of 33-34°C. Rectal temperature was continuously monitored and recorded every hour. If the rectal temperature was >33.8°C, cool gel packs were applied, and if the temperature was <33.2°C, the baby was covered with sheets and the warmer output turned on till the temperature stabilized at 33.5°C. The unit's standard protocol for cooling was followed for monitoring and treatment. The outcome measures were stability and fluctuation of the rectal temperature and the need for interventions to maintain the target temperature. Results: The mean (±SD) temperature during the cooling phase was 33.45 ± 0.26°C. Throughout the cooling phase, the target temperature range was maintained in 96.2% of the time. There was no temperature reading <32°C. With HS 29, ice packs were not used in any baby, and the warmer was used for a median of 7 h (interquartile range 1.5-14). Conclusions: PCM provides a low cost and effective method to maintain therapeutic hypothermia. However, careful monitoring is required during induction and the rewarming phase to avoid hypothermia outside the therapeutic range.
Silicon on Sapphire technology

access memory, a programmable logic array, a nonvolatile memory etc. The primary difficulties of the SOS structure, such as obtaining the epitaxial silicon films with acceptable electrical characteristics and with reasonably good crystal perfection, seem to be solved from the practical point of view for fabrica¬ tion of MOS transistors on SOS wafer. Basic superiority of the SOS structure compared with the bulk silicon structure has been confirmed through the high density CMOS LSI without any parasitic bipolar transistor effects between n-channel and p-channel transistors, and n-channel MOS LSI with higher speed due to decrease in parasitic capacitance of interconnections of both diffused layers and aluminum and/or polycrystal silicon layers. However, there still remain a number of phenomena which should be revealed prior to development of more advanced version of SOS LSIs. This paper will review the present state of the art, and discuss feasibility of SOS technology, looking at the following matters of interest.
The Croonian Lecture, 1963 Gluconeogenesis

I am using the term gluconeogenesis in this lecture to denote any new formation of carbohydrate from non-carbohydrates. These non-carbohydrates include amino acids, as well as the lactate continuously produced in the body, e.g. in blood cells and in the exercised muscles. When lactate is the precursor of carbohydrate the formation of glucose from it constitutes a re-formation rather than a new formation as the lactate has been derived from glucose. But as the enzymic mechanisms of glucose formation from lactate and from amino acids are essentially the same, it is reasonable to treat them jointly. Gluconeogenesis is a biosynthetic process of major importance. I intend to review first some aspects of the physiological role of gluconeogenesis. This will lead to the fact that the amounts of carbohydrate which are synthesized vary within very wide limits—between almost nil and perhaps 200 g per day in the case of the human adult—and this will bring me to the main subject: the question of how the rate of gluconeogenesis is regulated and adjusted to changing needs.
Host cell-induced signaling causes Clostridium perfringens to upregulate production of toxins important for intestinal infections

Clostridium perfringens causes enteritis and enterotoxemia in humans and livestock due to prolific toxin production. In broth culture, C. perfringens uses the Agr-like quorum sensing (QS) system to regulate production of toxins important for enteritis/enterotoxemia, including beta toxin (CPB), enterotoxin, and epsilon toxin (ETX). The VirS/VirR two-component regulatory system (TCRS) also controls CPB production in broth cultures. Both the Agr-like QS and VirS/VirR systems are important when C. perfringens senses enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and responds by upregulating CPB production; however, only the Agr-like QS system is needed for host cell-induced ETX production. These in vitro observations have pathophysiologic relevance since both the VirS/VirR and Agr-like QS signaling systems are required for C. perfringens strain CN3685 to produce CPB in vivo and to cause enteritis or enterotoxemia. Thus, apparently upon sensing its presence in the intestines, C. perfringens utilizes QS and TCRS signaling to produce toxins necessary for intestinal virulence.
About detecting very low mass black holes in LAr detectors

The nature of dark matter is still an open problem. The simplest assumption is that gravity is the only force certainly coupled to dark matter and thus the micro black holes could be a viable candidate. We investigated the possibility of direct detection of charged micro black holes with masses around and upward the Planck scale (10−5 g), ensuring a classical gravitational treatment of these objects in the next generation huge LAr detectors. We show that the signals (ionization and scintillation) produced in LAr enable the discrimination between micro black holes and other particles. It is expected that the trajectories of these micro black holes will appear as crossing the whole active medium, in any direction, producing uniform ionization and scintillation on the whole path.
Global impact of nephropathies

The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased substantially in recent years, partly attributed to the global epidemic of diabetes mellitus. In many countries including China, glomerulonephritis was the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The mortality rate of dialysis patients can be as high as patients with colon, breast and prostate cancers. CKD has important socio‐economic impact on the healthcare system and society. Increasing awareness and early detection of CKD cannot be overemphasized. In places where healthcare resources are limited, peritoneal dialysis first policy has allowed local governments and health authorities to maximize healthcare resources to provide renal replacement therapy for more ESRD patients. In conclusion, management of CKD remains a global health challenge and continued medical research is most important.
Composition of concept lattices

The theory of concept lattices is an efficient tool for knowledge discovery. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the composed lattice of two concept lattices with the same object set. We first define a pair of Galois connection between two posets obtained from two formal contexts, and discuss the properties of the Galois connection. Then, we define the composition of two concept lattices that have the same object set, and prove that it is a complete lattice. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the composed lattice and the concept lattice of the composed context, and prove that the composed lattice is a subset of the concept lattice of the composed context. Numerical example is employed to substantiate the theoretical arguments.