Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of Metabolites of Protein Feed Fermented with Cottonseed Meal Mixed Substrates

The objective of this paper was to investigate the metabolites of fermented protein feed with different microbial cottonseed meal mixed substrates by the metabolomic analysis platform based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). The experiment used the LC-MS platform to analysis the metabolites which collected from control group,Candida tropicalis group,Saccharomyces cerevisiae group and compound fermented group,and the partial least square-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) was used to pattern recognition and found small molecular difference metabolites.The results showed that the metabolite relative contents had significant differences in experimental groups compared with the control group,and the metabolites were separated well by PLS-DA.It mainly displayed in carbohydrate metabolites such as mannitol,succinic acid,etc;lipid metabolites such as phosphocholine,L-carnitine,glycerylphosphate,phosphatidylethanolamine(PE),phosphatidylcholine(PC),etc;protein and amino acid metabolites such as dipeptide,tripeptide,betaine aldehyde,homocysteine,etc;and other pathway metabolites such as niacin,ferulic acid,uracil,glycolaldehyde,etc.The relative contents of these metabolites in experimental groups were all significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05),but the relative contents of glycerylphosphate,PE and PC in experimental groups were significantly lower that than those in control group(P0.05). In conclusion,a large number of small molecular metabolites,which are produced by different metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate,lipid,protein and others material,are contained in feeds fermented via various strains,and those contents vary with different strains.
Fe2+ and sodium nitroprusside-induced oxidative stress in rat's brain (in vitro): protective effects of aqueous extract of Mentha viridis and Majarona hortensis leaves.

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been strongly linked with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease; a practical approach to the management/prevention of such diseases is through dietary means. A comparative study of the antioxidant and neuroprotective potentials of aqueous extracts of Mentha viridis and Majarona hortensis leaves on Fe 2+ and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated rat's brain has been assessed in vitro. Aqueous extracts of the fresh leaves of both plants were prepared, thereafter the ability of the extracts to inhibit basal, 25 μM FeS0 4 and 7 μM sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in brain was determined. Then, the water-soluble antioxidant constituents (phenolics and ascorbic acid) and activities (Fe 2+ -chelaring ability, reducing power and OH * radical scavenging ability) were determined. The results of the study revealed that incubation of the brain in presence of 25 μM Fe 2+ and 7 μM sodium nitroprusside, respectively, caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the brain. However, both extracts caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the MDA content in the basal, Fe 2+ and sodium nitroprusside-stressed brain. However, Majarona hortensis leaf extracts had a significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effect on the MDA production in the brain than those of Mentha viridis. The higher inhibitory effect of Majarona hortensis leaf may be due to its significantly higher (P<0.05) total phenol content and antioxidant activity (reducing power, Fe 2+ -chelating ability and OH * radical scavenging ability). Therefore, Mentha viridis and Majarona hortensis leaves have potentials as neuroprotective agents against Fe(II) and sodium nitroprusside-induced oxidative stress; however, Majarona hortensis leaf has higher protective ability.
Interspecific Spatial Overlap

Interspecific spatial overlap profiles are constructed for several pairs of iguanid lizard species. The profiles depict the proportion of activity points within the territories and home ranges of target lizards that are shared with individuals of other lizard species. Results show that within populations some individuals may incur little or no spatial overlap from other lizard species, whereas others have high spatial overlap. These patterns of overlap may be sustained through entire seasons of lizard activity. Profile shapes included distributions that were unimodal and strongly skewed, bimodal, and uniform with roughly equivalent proportions of low, intermediate, and high overlaps. Spatial overlap profiles are idiosyncratic, neither characterizing a particular pair of lizard species, nor typifying a specific habitat type. The observations provide insight into the results of experimental studies that show weak or undetectable effects of competition at the population level, but may include asymmetric effects targeted at specific individuals. In addition, because spatial overlap profiles for a pair of species are variable, interactions cannot be characterized by the results of an experimental manipulation conducted in just one habitat.
Ecological organic fertilizers and sustainable development of agriculture

The relation between ecological organic fertilizers and sustainable development of agriculture is studied in this paper, showing that the microbial ecological organic fertilizers can improve the soil's nutrition supply to plants with N,P and K; increase the plants' disease resistance; decrease the pests; and extend straw composting to make the soil refertility; reduce the use of chemical manure and pesticide; so as to make a good circulation of agriculture and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.
Opinion

The Editors of Letters in Applied Microbiology will, at their discretion, publish invited and submitted ‘Opinions’ on subjects in the general area of Applied Microbiology. They will not be subjected to the normal refereeing procedures and reprints will not be provided. The ‘Opinions’ will not necessarily represent the views of the Society for Applied Bacteriology or of the Editors. The Editors may invite or readers may submit ‘Responses’ to published ‘Opinions’, provided that they are not merely polemics, and these will also be published at the discretion of the Editors. ‘Responses’ will be treated precisely like ‘Opinions’. They should clearly indicate, in their first sentence, the ‘Opinion’ to which they are a response.
Chemical studies on the constituents of Lophatherum gracile Brongn.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Lophatherum gracile Brongn.Methods Separation by the chromatographic methods, identification by spectral analysis and physico-chemical constants.Results The four compounds, vitexin (1), thymine (2), vanillic acid (3), adenine (4) were isolated.Conclusions All the compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time.
Recent Progress in Genomic Analysis of Ornamental Plants, with a Focus on Carnation

Genomic analysis and marker-assisted selection have long been familiar terms. Nevertheless, compared with that on other horticultural crops, genome-related research on ornamentals has been delayed because of the polyploid nature and/or highly heterozygous genetic background of many such species. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in recent years, however, the situation is changing. The acquisition of comprehensive transcriptome sequences using NGS technology has been conducted in major ornamentals, and whole-genome sequences have been generated for carnation. This review discusses recent progress in the genomic analysis of carnation, including the construction of an SSR-based reference genetic linkage map, QTL analysis of carnation bacterial wilt (CBW) resistance, and the development of tightly linked markers for CBW resistance and flower type. The current state of NGS technology-based genomic research is also summarized for other major ornamentals.
(I) Novel Perfluorinated Aromatic Amino Acids: Synthesis and Applications (II) Thioflavin T Dimers as Novel Amyloid Ligands

This thesis includes two projects: “Novel perfluorinated aromatic amino acids: synthesis and applications” and “Thioflavin T dimers as novel amyloid ligands”. I) Novel perfluorinated aromatic amino acids: synthesis and applications Fluorinated amino acids serve as powerful tools in protein chemistry. Using the commercially available Boc-protected pentafluorophenylalanine, we synthesized a series of para-substituted tetrafluorophenylalanines via the regioselective SNAr reaction. These novel unnatural amino acids display useful and unique properties that can be applied to biological systems, including distinct 19 F NMR signatures, pH-dependent amphiphilicity, lipid-binding selectivities, and halogen bonding capabilities. II) Thioflavin T dimers as novel amyloid ligands Fluorescent molecules that specifically target amyloid structures are highly desirable for Alzheimer’s disease research. We have designed a dimeric Thioflavin T
Some Diseases of Trees in Greater New York

In the course of field work carried on by the writer in Greater New York and the adjacent parts of New Jersey in the summer of I918, several diseases of forest trees were incidentally studied: those selected for the present paper are important on account of their destructiveness, or interesting by reason of their rarity, or demand attention because they are little understood and need further investigation. A few notes on injury from the extremely disastrous winter of I917-I918 are added. The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to the many persons, some of them named in the text of this paper, who have contributed information or assistance toward its preparation; and to the botanical staff of Yale University for generously placing the Osborn Botanical Laboratory at his disposal for the culture and microscopic work involved. The diseases are arranged according to host species, the sequence of hosts following that of Sudworth's Check List of the Forest Trees of the United States. '
Responses of Australian Bush Rats, Rattus fuscipes, to the Odor of Introduced Vulpes vulpes

Predator-avoidance behavior of native bush rats ( Rattus fuscipes ) to an introduced predator ( Vulpes vulpes ) was investigated by measuring their responses to predator odor. Trapping success of wild bush rats was compared between clean traps and traps scented with fox odor, set along creeks in Namadgi National Park in southeastern Australia. Two experimental designs were used; the first measured trapping success of clean and scented traps alternating along a trapline through bush rat habitat in winter, spring and summer. The second design offered a choice of clean and scented traps at each trap station and was repeated in spring and summer. Relative trapping successes were analyzed to determine if rats avoided fox odor. Multiple t- tests showed no avoidance responses with similar numbers of captures in clean and fox-scented traps. Consequences of the apparent naivete of bush rats to the odor of an introduced predator are discussed.
An exploratory investigation into managerial perceptions of service quality in UK hotels

Recent years have witnessed a growth in the number of critical studies on service quality. However, the empirical work to date has been largely prescriptive in content and recommendation. It has not examined the extent to which quality has been effectively incorporated as a strategic concern within hotel service firms. The study reported explores the operation of quality procedures in a sample of UK hotels. The survey results indicate that although respondents are mindful of the benefits of operationalising a quality orientation, they show an acute lack of awareness of the practicalities and problems associated with implementing service quality procedures. It is proposed that further research needs to be carried out to investigate the nature of service quality implementation in UK hotels.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Jets from Young Stars

We report on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) emission line ([S II]λλ6716,6731, Hα, and [O I]λ6300) and nearby continuum imaging of the HL Tau and HH 30 jets from our own HST program as well as a study of HST Archive [S II]λλ6716,6731 images of the HH 1 and HH 34 jets. It is found in all cases that these jets are well resolved in the lateral direction (with FWHM diameters ≳0.″2) as far as we can follow them to their source which, in the case of HH 30, is as close as 0. ″25 (35 AU). Assuming the jet has essentially zero angular width at its origin, one can deduce a lower bound for the initial opening angle, and the values obtained are very large indeed (e.g., ≳60° for the HH 30 jet and counterjet). Our data are shown to support models in which the jet is initially poorly focused before being asymptotically collimated into a “column” with a diameter of order a few tens of AU. As regards the origin of the knots seen in these jets, it is found that many of the knots in the HH 1 and HH 34 jets resemble internal bow shocks, at least far away from their driving source (≳5'' and 10'' in the case of HH 1 and HH 34 jets, respectively). This is consistent with models in which the knots are attributed to “internal working surfaces” caused by temporal variations in the outflow from the source. It is found in the case of the HH 30 jet, however, that its knots, at least close to the source, might have another origin.
Codes of conduct in tourism

Recent years have seen a rising tide of codes of conduct for use in the tourist industry. These have been produced by a variety of organisations having different roles in the industry, and are aimed at the tourists themselves, operators within the industry, host governments and host communities. The core of this paper is a discussion, with examples, of codes aimed at, respectively, the tourist, the industry and the hosts. A number of issues raised by the analysis are discussed. Specifically, these issues are the monitoring and evaluation of codes of conduct (or lack of these), the use of codes as a form of marketing, the regulation or voluntary self-regulation of the use of codes and the variability between codes and the resulting need for coordination. On all of these issues the need for future research is clear.
Dynamic analysis on spatial pattern of an alkaline grassland in restoration succession

This paper studied the spatial pattern of 1 hm 2 sample fenced from 1989 on the Songnen plain in north east China,where is a region with extremely heterogenous vegetation because of alkalization.Patch dynamics of different species was different and the role of the species varied with restoration succession stages.The results gave strong support to patchiness persistence hypothesis.
Potassium Nitrate Priming Affects the Activity of Nitrate Reductase and Chlorophyll Content in Late Sown Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Three varieties of Sesamum indicum L. viz., T-4, T-12 and Shekhar were primed with varying concentrations of nitrate salts i.e. KNO3(10mM, 15mM) along with distilled water primed or hydroprimed as control. The observation were recorded at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) for the evaluation of nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content. Among treatments seed primed with 15mM KNO3 showed increased NR activity and chlorophyll content. Highest NR activity, 280.65 (n mol NO 2h > g-1 leaf fresh weight) and chlorophyll content, 40.30 (SPAD unit) was obtained in T-4 variety in respect to T-12 and Shekhar. However, all the varieties showed significant results in 15mM KNO3 primed seeds as compared to 10mM KNO3 and control (hydroprimed). Among treatments 15 mM KNO3 primed seeds showed better performance in respect to chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity. Thus, this treatment could be beneficial for cultivation of sesame under late sown condition.
Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the argan tree of Morocco

Polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome of the argan tree (Sapotaceae), an endemic species of south‐western Morocco, have been detected by restriction site studies of PCR‐amplified fragments. A total of 12 chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments were amplified and digested with a single restriction enzyme (HinfI). Polymorphisms were identified in six of the cpDNA fragments, whereas no mtDNA polymorphisms were detected in a survey of 95 individuals from 19 populations encompassing most of the natural range of the species. The cpDNA polymorphisms allowed the identification of 11 haplotypes. Two lineages, one in the south‐east and the other in the north‐west, divide the range of the argan tree into two distinct areas. The level of genetic differentiation measured at the haplotype level (GSTc= 0.60) (i.e. with unordered haplotypes) was smaller than when phylogenetic relationships were taken into account (NSTc= 0.71‐0.74) (ordered haplotypes), indicating that population history must be considered in the study of the geographical distribution of cpDNA lineages in this species. If contrasted with the level of nuclear genetic differentiation measured in a previous study with isozymes (GSTn= 0.25), the results indicate a relatively high level of gene flow by seeds, or conversely a relatively low level of gene flow by pollen, as compared with other tree species. Goats and camels could have played an important role in disseminating the fruits of this tree.
Aerobic biodegradation of 4-methylquinoline by a soil bacterium

Methylquinolines and related N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are common contaminants associated with the use of hydrocarbons in both coal gasification and wood treatment processes. These compounds have been found in groundwater, and many are known mutagens. A stable, five-member bacterial consortium able to degrade 4-methylquinoline was established by selective enrichment using soil collected from an abandoned coal gasification site. The consortium was maintained for 5 years by serial transfer in a medium containing 4-methylquinoline. A gram-negative soil bacterium, strain Lep1, was isolated from the consortium and shown to utilize 4-methylquinoline as a source of carbon and energy during growth in liquid medium. A time course experiment demonstrated that both the isolate Lep1 and the consortium containing Lep1 were able to degrade 4-methylquinoline under aerobic conditions. Complete degradation of 4-methylquinoline by either strain Lep1 alone or the consortium was characterized by the production and eventual disappearance of 2-hydroxy-4-methylquinoline, followed by the appearance and persistence of a second metabolite tentatively identified as a hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin. Currently, there is no indication that 4-methylquinoline degradation proceeds differently in the consortium culture compared with Lep1 alone. This is the first report of 4-methylquinoline biodegradation under aerobic conditions.
Transmission nerveuse de la douleur : mécanismes endogènes de contrôle au niveau spinal

Le modele initial du controle de l'influx nociceptif au niveau de la moelle epiniere propose en 1965 par Melzack et Wall a ete le point de depart d'un tres grand nombre d'etudes sur le sujet. Ce modele a inspire, entre autres, de nombreux travaux visant a elucider l'organisation synaptique au sein de la moelle, permettant de saisir comment les processus d'integration qui s'y trouvent affectent la transmission de cet influx et donc, finalement, la perception de la douleur. C'est ainsi qu'ont ete notamment precises les roles respectifs de la substance P (mediateur et modulateur des influx nociceptifs), des purines et des opioides (inhibiteurs). L'identification de ces mecanismes spinaux et de leurs interactions pourrait deboucher sur de nouvelles strategies du traitement de la douleur : par exemple, l'utilisation de produits qui prolongeraient ou potentialiseraient l'effet antalgique des purines et des opioides liberes sous l'action de stimulus nociceptifs peripheriques.
Consumer Purchasing Behavior for Tomatoes

ABSTRACT Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable worldwide. Consumer preferences and tastes are key factors affecting purchasing decisions. The study examined urban consumer purchasing behavior for tomatoes. Data from 150 respondents in four randomly selected local government jurisdictions in an urban area were examined using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Most (73.3%) respondents were female and married (66%); 53.3% of respondents were 41–60 years of age, with a mean age of 45. Almost all respondents (91.3%) preferred fresh tomato; others preferred tomato paste (7.4%), and 1.3% preferred dried tomatoes. Most respondents (70.7%) emphasized fruit freshness. Large-sized tomatoes (56%) and cv. UC82B (62%) were preferred. About 55% of respondents purchased fresh tomatoes twice a week in the peak season and 48% in the off-season. Regression indicated that the amount spent on fresh tomatoes was influenced by tomato size and amount spent on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L). Improved storage and handling techniques during production and postharvest activities would likely improve fresh tomato availability. Availability of fresh tomatoes affects purchasing behavior; that is, they are purchased when available, even in lean periods of the year.
Growth of bovine tissues 1. Genetic influences on growth patterns of muscle, fat and bone in young bulls

Carcass composition and growth patterns for muscle, fat and bone were compared among 277 young male progeny of eight sire breeds, serially slaughtered at 300 kg live weight, 12 months and 15 months of age. The sire breeds were Simmental (SIM), Charolais (CHA), Danish Red and White (DRK), Romagnola (ROM), Chianina (CHI), Hereford (HER), Blonde d'Aquitaine (BDA) and Limousin (LIM). Tissue growth patterns among breeds were examined by regression estimates from the allometric growth equation (Y = ax b ) and compositional differences were estimated from the intercepts. No significant sire breed differences were found in the regression of muscle, fat or bone on various size dimensions. In regressions involving fat, however, the fattest (HER) had higher regressions and the leanest (BDA) fattened more slowly relative to muscle and bone growth. Breeds differed significantly in amount of muscle, fat and bone when compared at standard weights. Sire breed ranking for muscle at common bone weights was LIM, BDA, CHA, SIM, HER, ROM, DRK and CHI, while at common carcass weights the ranking was BDA, CHA, LIM, CHI, ROM, SIM, DRK and HER, reflecting differences in fatness. Minor changes in ranking occurred when comparisons were made at a common live weight reflecting differences in dressing percentage. For fat at standard muscle, carcass or live weight the breeds ranked HER, LIM, DRK, SIM, ROM, CHA, CHI and BDA.
Numerical Simulation of Widening and Bed Deformation of Straight Sand-Bed Rivers. II: Model Evaluation

In this paper the numerical model presented in the companion paper is tested and applied. Assessment of model accuracy was based on two approaches. First, predictions of evolution of a 13.5 km reach of the South Fork of the Forked Deer River, in west Tennessee, were compared to observations over a 24-yr period. Results suggest that although the model was able to qualitatively predict trends of widening and deepening, quantitative predictions were not reliable. Simulated widths and depths were within 15% of the corresponding observed values, but observed change in these parameters at the study sites were also close to these values. Simulated rates of depth adjustment were within 15% of observed rates, but observed rates of channel widening at the study sites were approximately three times those simulated by the model. In the second approach, the model was used to generate relationships between stable channel width and bank-full discharge. The model was able to successfully replicate the form of empirically.