Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Light Flashed until Dawn: The L2 Acquisition of the Semantic Mappings of Spanish Tenses and Problems of S-Selection and Compositionality

Tense and aspect can be described as a domain in second language acquisition that is difficult, and prone to fossilization (Coppieters 1987, Montrul and Slabakova 2001). Most previous studies have concentrated on morpheme acquisition and on the role of lexical classes in the acquisition of aspect morphemes, supporting the observation that certain morphemes emerge earlier in combination with certain lexical classes. More recent debate both in the L1 and L2 fields has shifted from speculation on the nature of the morphology-lexical class association, to attempts to understand the challenge of mapping forms to meanings in the aspectual domain (see Bardovi-Harlig 1999, Slabakova 2001). Our study sets out to revisit issues regarding the nature of non-native grammars by investigating second language acquisition of preterite/imperfect contrast in Spanish, using both a translation task and a grammaticality judgment task. The specific goals of this paper are (i) to speculate about the learnability conditions for the acquisition of the semantics of T/A markers; (ii) to reexamine criteria for acquisition of the aspectual contrast preterite/imperfect in Spanish, and (iii) to assess L2 learners performance with preterite and imperfect in aspectual coercion contexts such as those described by Jackendoff (1997, 51):
Identifying Ground-Robot Impedance to Improve Terrain Adaptability in Running Robots

To date, running robots are still outperformed by animals, but their dynamic behaviour can be described by the same model. This coincidence means that biomechanical studies can reveal much about the adaptability and energy efficiency of walking mechanisms. In particular, animals adjust their leg stiffness to negotiate terrains with different stiffnesses to keep the total leg-ground stiffness constant. In this work, we aim to provide one method to identify ground-robot impedance so that control can be applied to emulate the aforementioned animal behaviour. Experimental results of the method are presented, showing well-differentiated estimations on four different types of terrain. Additionally, an analysis of the convergence time is presented and compared with the contact time of humans while running, indicating that the method is suitable for use at high speeds.
Identifying coherent subnetworks in genome scale metabolic networks

Constraint-based methods to analyse metabolic networks require the classification of metabolites into external compounds that are exchanged with the system environment, and internal ones that form intermediate steps on the metabolic pathways and which are therefore subject to stoichiometry constraints in the steady state. For eukaryotic cells it is not practical to analyse the complete cellular network, and so the subnetwork that describes the specific phenomena under study needs to be extracted. This study focuses on flavonoid production in the model plant Arabidopsis Thaliana. Software was developed to extract the full Arabidopsis metabolic network from the AraCyc database, in a format required by standard network analysis packages. Considerable processing is also required to reconcile information about reaction directions from different database tables and to classify metabolites as internal or external to the subnetwork. The paper outlines the strategies implemented in the software to address these issues.
Use of different methods for testing antioxidative activity of oregano essential oil

The antioxidant properties of the essential oil from oregano in relation to its chemical composition were examined. The antioxidant activity was investigated with three different methods: the b-carotene bleaching (BCB) test, the 2,20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay. It was found that the total essential oil, its fraction as well as its pure constituents have a significant antioxidant effect when tested by each method, respectively. Generally the antioxidant activity of the oregano essential oil is less effective than the ascorbic acid, but comparable with the a-tocopherol and the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The synergy among minor oxygen containing compounds was suggested as possible factor, which influenced the antioxidant power of the oregano essential oil. The antioxidant concentrations influenced its antioxidant power, too. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exploring the efficacy of different electric field models in driving a model of the plasmasphere

The dynamics of the plasmasphere are strongly controlled by the inner magnetospheric electric field. In order to capture realistically the erosion of the nightside plasmapause and the formation of the drainage plume in a model of the plasmasphere, the electric field must be accurate. This study investigates how well five different electric field models drive the Dynamic Global Core Plasma Model during eight storm periods. The five electric field models are the Volland‐Stern analytic formula with Maynard‐Chen Kpdependence, two versions of the Weimer statistical models (96 and 05), and two versions of the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) technique using magnetometer and DMSP satellite data. Manually extracted plasmapause locations from images taken by the EUV instrument on the Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite, as described by Goldstein et al. (2005), were compared to the simulation results throughout the main phase of the eight events. Three methods of calculating the plasmapause were employed to determine the best fit to EUV data, using the maximum gradient, a constant density contour (fit method), and the location in which the modeled density fell significantly below the specified saturation density for the given radial position (saturation method). It was found that the simulations driven by the Weimer (1996) model produced the best fit overall and that the fit and saturation methods worked best for matching the model results to the observations.
The Relationship between Precipitation and Airflow over the Tibetan Plateau in Boreal Summer

Abstract Based on the observation data and the re-analysis datasets, the variability and the circulation features influencing precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are investigated. Taking into account the effects of topography, surface winds are deconstructed into flow-around and flow-over components relative to the TP. Climatologically, the flow-around component mainly represents cyclonic circulation in the TP during the summer. The transition zone of total precipitation in the summer parallels the convergence belt between the southerlies and the northerlies of the flow-over component. The leading mode of rainfall anomalies in the TP has a meridional dipole structure, and the first principal component (PC1) mainly depicts the variation of rainfall in the southern T P. The wet southern TP experiences strengthened flow-over, which in turn mechanistically favors intensified ascent forced by the flow-over component. In addition, variations in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) have an important role in influencing the flow over the southern TP, and the ISM ultimately impacts the precipitation over southern TP.
LEADERSHIP AS A MOTIVATIONAL TOOL FOR EMPLOYEES' JOB RELATED OUTCOMES

The study was aimed at examining ways leadership can be used as a motivational tool for improved job related outcomes using a cross section of employees from the Ghanaian rural banking sector. It tapped into the perceptions of employees to understand what they perceived to be the influence of certain leadership style on employee motivation, job satisfaction and job commitment. A survey was employed and it covered 50 employees. The measures of central tendency (mean) and measures of variability (range, and standard deviation) were used to describe results. The study found that employees are motivated by leadership that give precise directive and offers employees the needed support and room to operate. The study found giving employees responsibility improves employee satisfaction and that leadership that is task oriented and committed to relational behaviours would improve employee job satisfaction. The study finds that leadership has an effect on employee commitment. It found that employee participation in decision making in the organisation has an effect on employee commitment. The study concluded that, since leadership improves employee job outcomes, leadership could influence employees to improve service delivery. Further, leadership influences service delivery through improvement in motivation, satisfaction and enhanced commitment.
Expressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity

Party identification is central to the study of American political behavior, yet there remains disagreement over whether it is largely instrumental or expressive in nature. We draw on social identity theory to develop the expressive model and conduct four studies to compare it to an instrumental explanation of campaign involvement. We find strong support for the expressive model: a multi-item partisan identity scale better accounts for campaign activity than a strong stance on subjectively important policy issues, the strength of ideological self-placement, or a measure of ideological identity. A series of experiments underscore the power of partisan identity to generate action-oriented emotions that drive campaign activity. Strongly identified partisans feel angrier than weaker partisans when threatened with electoral loss and more positive when reassured of victory. In contrast, those who hold a strong and ideologically consistent position on issues are no more aroused emotionally than others by party threats or reassurances. In addition, threat and reassurance to the party's status arouse greater anger and enthusiasm among partisans than does a threatened loss or victory on central policy issues. Our findings underscore the power of an expressive partisan identity to drive campaign involvement and generate strong emotional reactions to ongoing campaign events.
Social entrepreneurship in the informal economy: a case study of re-enactment festivals

Purpose - – The paper aims to generate new information on the types of entrepreneurial activities at the re-enactment festivals and their importance for the re-enactors. Design/methodology/approach - – The study consisted of two stages: a content analysis of information available through online open access and a qualitative survey of re-enactors and a qualitative survey of re-enactors was organised and spanned from November 2012 to February 2013. Findings - – The paper concludes that a specific form of entrepreneurship in the Russian market characterised by creation of social capital, a high level of devotion to engagement and, at the same time, non-profit-related gains has been emerged. Research limitations/implications - – The socio-cultural phenomenon of entrepreneurship within re-enactment festivals is investigated. The study may be further developed by identifying various cultural events that may be characterised by the existence of an internal festival market. Originality/value - – This paper highlights social entrepreneurial activities in informal sector by the example of re-enactment festivals.
The use of a frequency domain stepped frequency technique to obtain high range resolution on the CSIR X-band SAR system

A novel frequency domain stepped frequency processing (FD-SFP) technique to obtain high radar range resolution was developed by A.J. Wilkinson in 1997. Range resolution is directly related to the measurement bandwidth of a radar system. The FD-SFP technique pieces together several sub portions of the target scene reflectivity spectrum to form a high resolution radar range return. This paper demonstrates the use of the FD-SFP algorithm on the CSIR X-band experimental SAR system (RoofSAR). Some issues arising in practical implementation of the technique are discussed. Results of using the technique on radar data recorded by the RoofSAR are presented. It is concluded that the technique provides a viable option for generating SAR imagery with high range resolution and an acceptable level of ghosting artifacts.
WHY DO CONSUMERS MAKE ONLINE SHOPPING THE EFFECT OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS, NARCISSISM AND SELF-ESTEEM

This research aims to investigate consumers’ personality effect in online shopping intention to deepen our understanding and extending empirical evidence. A conceptual framework was designed with Narcissism, Self-esteem and Big-five personality traits. This model was examined by using a field questionnaire with the structural equation modelling; the data were collected from 420 online shoppers. Findings revealed that narcissism, self-esteem and big five personality traits are important drivers of costumers online shopping intention. These results may assist e-retailers to increase their number of visitors if online shoppers will be provided with more accurate online store elements (web page design, transactions, products or services etc.) according to different types of personalities.
A complete X-ray spectral coverage of the 2010 May–June outbursts of Circinus X-1

Context. Circinus X-1 is a neutron-star-accreting X-ray binary in a wide (Porb = 16.6 d), eccentric orbit. After two years of relatively low X-ray luminosity, in May 2010 Circinus X-1 went into outburst, reaching 0.4 Crab flux. This outburst lasted for about two orbital cycles and was followed by another shorter and fainter outburst in June. Aims. We focus here on the broadband X-ray spectral evolution of the source as it spans about three order of magnitudes in flux. We attempt to relate luminosity, spectral shape, local absorption, and orbital phase. Methods. We use multiple Rossi-XTE/PCA (3.0−25 keV) and Swift/XRT (1.0−9.0 keV) observations and a 20 ks long Chandra/HETGS observation (1.0−9.0 keV), to comprehensively track the spectral evolution of the source during all the outbursting phases. These observations were taken every two/three days and cover about four orbital cycles. The PCA data mostly cover the major outburst, the XRT data monitor the declining phase of the major outburst and all the phases of the minor outburst, and Chandra data provide an essential snapshot of the end of this overall outbursting phase. Results. The X-ray spectrum can be satisfactorily described by a thermal Comptonization model with variable neutral local absorption in all phases of the outburst. No other additive component is statistically required. The first outburst decays linearly, with an ankle in the light curve as the flux decreases below ∼5 × 10 −10 erg cm −2 s −1 . At the same time, the source shows a clear spectral state transition from an optically thick to an optically thin state. While the characteristics of the first, bright, outburst can be interpreted within the disk-instability scenario, the following, minor, outburst shows peculiarities that cannot be easily reconciled in this framework.
Hematopoietic measures in German shepherd dogs following Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus involves most physiological functions include hematopoiesis. In this research, ten German shepherd dogs were provided; 5 of which was considered as experimental groups (pre- and post- diabetes induction) and 5 was considered as control group. The examinations were conducted to guarantee their health and absence of diabetes with Intra-venous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) has been approved. Alloxan monohydrate with 100 mg/kg in was injected intravenously for experimental group. The blood samples were taken from control and diabetic dogs before and after diabetes induction. Next, hematopoietic measures (Red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit percentage, and hemoglobin, MCHC, MCH and MCV) were determined. RBC number hadn’t change after Alloxan injection (6.8 in compare with 6.93 or 6.77 million/micrometer before diabetes induction and control groups). Also Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration hadn’t significant difference between experimental groups (14.18, 15.28 and 13.92 mg/dl). Hematocrit percentage, MCH, MCV and MCHC hadn’t significant changes after diabetes induction. Data shows that Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus can slight (no significant) reduce Hb concentration but it hasn’t significant effect on RBC number. It is concluded Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in german shepherd dogs didn’t have negative effect on Hematopoietic activity after short-term alloxan induced diabetes.
Optimal Task-Specific Clustering Scheme in Unreliable Wireless Sensor Networks

++ Summary Wireless sensor networks can be used to collect surrounding data by multi-hop. As diversity of application requirement (energyefficient centric or latency centric), energy efficiency and data latency are both important designing issues in designing a clustering scheme optimally. In this paper, the energy consumption of two basic clustering schemes is modeled and the impact of unreliable wireless link on sensor networks configuration is discussed. Then an alternate-hop clustering scheme is proposed, which is proven to be more energy-efficient theoretically. Further, the latency within a cluster is analyzed. At last we propose an optimal task-specific clustering scheme in unreliable wireless sensor networks.
Aligning MIS5 proxy records from Lake Ohrid (FYROM) with independently dated Mediterranean archives: implications for core chronology

The DEEP site sediment sequence obtained during the ICDP SCOPSCO project at Lake Ohrid was dated using tephrostratigraphic information, cyclostratigraphy, and orbital tuning through marine isotope record. Although this approach is suitable for the generation of a general chronological framework of the long succession, it is insufficient to resolve more detailed paleoclimatological questions, such as leads and lags of climate events between marine and terrestrial records or between different regions. In this paper, we demonstrate how the use of different tie points can affect cyclostratigraphy and orbital tuning for the period between ca. 140 and 70 ka and how the results can be correlated with directly/indirectly radiometrically-dated Mediterranean marine and continental proxy records. The alternative age model obtained shows consistent differences with that proposed by Francke et al. (2015) for the same interval, in particular at the level of the MIS6-5e transition. According to this age model, different proxies from the DEEP site sediment record support an increase of temperatures between glacial to interglacial conditions, which is almost synchronous with a rapid increase in sea surface temperature observed in the western Mediterranean. The results show how important a detailed study of independent chronological tie points is for synchronizing different records and to highlight asynchronisms of climate events.
Internal Determinants of Export Marketing Behavior: An Empirical Investigation

Although interest in export marketing has been growing rapidly, only a few empirical studies have been conducted on the internal determinants of the export marketing behavior of firms. The authors identify several potential internal determinants of export marketing behavior and empirically assess their significance. The findings indicate that a number of management and firm characteristics account for a substantial portion of the variation in the export marketing behavior of firms.
The interrelationship between purchasing maturity, internal customer satisfaction and purchasing performance : an empirical study

So far, academic literature has paid extensive attention to the importance of purchasing development within the context of the current business environment, emphasizing value creation and delivery and integrated supply chain management. In addition, the contribution of purchasing’s (internal service) performance to an organization’s success has been widely claimed. Despite the current focus on purchasing maturity, internal service performance and purchasing performance, only scarce attention has been given to their interrelationships. By means of an extensive literature study, a framework that outlines how purchasing maturity leads to purchasing performance is unfolded and tested. In particular, we state that internal customer satisfaction plays a mediating role between purchasing maturity and purchasing savings realized. Thereby, the moderating role of purchasing category and internal customer differentiation on the effects of purchasing maturity is depicted as well. Currently, hypotheses are tested at the purchasing project level by means of an empirical study on a large purchasing database of a case company. The present study uncovers a large and unexplored intra-organizational research field within the scope of purchasing development and performance.
Susceptibility levels and grouping of peach cultivars in relation to peach rust under field conditions

The objective of this study was to assess susceptibility and classify peach cultivars in relation to rust (Tranzschelia discolor) under field conditions. The study was conducted in an orchard during the 2007/08 and 2008/09 growing seasons and included the cultivars: Aurora 1, Chimarrita, Chiripa, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier and Vanguarda. Several disease-related variables were evaluated, over a 10 day interval from September to February, based on estimates of disease incidence, severity and defoliation. The logistic model adequate fit to rust severity progress data (R 2 > 0.90) in the two years. Principal component analysis (PCA) using all data, irrespective of the year, identified area under the disease progress curve, initial inoculum and disease progress rate as the best variables to differentiate reactions to rust. When PCA analysis was conducted separately for each year, different disease-related variables were selected as a principal component, and cultivars were classified in three groups of susceptibility. There was inconsistency in the grouping of some cultivars, which was likely due to varying environmental conditions between the years. However, 'Coral' was consistently grouped in the low susceptibility group and 'Chimarrita' and 'Granada' in the high susceptibility group.
Investigation on crosslinking density for development of novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based formulation

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based formulation, consisting of sodium alginate and poly vinyl alcohol, were prepared by water-in-oil emulsion crosslinking method. IPN based formulation was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, and loaded with diclofenac sodium (DS) as a model drug. Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical nature of microspheres (size, 472-157 μm). Drug entrapment efficiency (72%) was obtained depending upon concentration of crosslinking density. Novel formulation can be a potential carrier for controlled delivery of short half-lived drugs.
Do Pakistani Users Differ on Library Service Quality

To create stability and confidence among library users, library administration needs to identify and understand the similarities and differences on library service quality among different groups of library users. So that their expectations can be met. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the individual differences in library service quality across user type, gender, and academic disciplines. The data were collected through LIBQUAL survey from 1473 users of 22 university libraries of Pakistan. Users rated 21 core survey items on three columns side by side on 1(low) to 9 (high) scales for a minimum, desired and perceived performance scores. The study results did not find significant difference on the basis of gender and users types (except on affect of service dimension). However, the users were significantly different on the basis of academic disciplines.