Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Media and Activist Communication

While the rise of social media has made activists much less dependent on television and mainstream newspapers, this certainly does not mean that activists have more control over the media environments in which they operate. Media power has neither been transferred to the public, nor to activists for that matter; instead, power has partly shifted to the technological mechanisms and algorithmic selections operated by large social media corporations (Facebook, Twitter, Google). Through such technological shaping, social media greatly enhance the news-oriented character of activist communication, shifting the focus away from protest issues towards the spectacular, newsworthy, and ‘conflictual’ aspects of protest. Simultaneously, social platforms not only allow users to engage in personal networks but also steer them towards such connections. While personal networks and viral processes of content dissemination can generate strong sentiments of togetherness, they are antithetical to community formation.
Predicting the consequences of alternative harvest regulations in a sequential fishery.

Abstract Management of the fishery for chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha on the Yukon River is complicated by the lack of accurate preseason forecasts, limited information on the determinants of the dynamics of unit stocks, harvesting effort directed at a mixture of stocks, joint harvesting of chum salmon O. keta, and the sequential availability of the returning fish to subsistence, commercial, and sport fishers in Alaska and Canada. A stochastic simulation model was developed and used to examine the consequences of eight alternative strategies for setting commercial catch limits. The merit of each strategy was judged by three criteria: probability of satisfying escapement objectives, probability of simultaneously satisfying escapement and subsistence harvest objectives and the probability of also reaching commercial harvest goals. The results indicate that without improved preseason forecasts, subsistence and commercial catch objectives cannot be consistently achieved in the upper Yukon River unles.
Centuries of Anadromous Forage Fish Loss: Consequences for Ecosystem Connectivity and Productivity

Lost biomass of anadromous forage species resulting from the seventeenth to nineteenth century damming of waterways and from overharvest in the northeastern United States contributed to significant changes in coastal marine—terrestrial ecosystems. Historic alewife populations in Maine for the years 1600–1900 were assessed using analyses of nineteenth and twentieth century harvest records and waterway obstruction records dating to the 1600s. Obstructed spawning access in nine watersheds reduced the annual alewife productivity per watershed to 0%–16% of virgin estimates, equaling a cumulative lost fisheries production of 11 billion fish from 1750 to 1900. Including preharvest production, our estimates suggest a lost flux of anadromous forage fish increasing from 10 million fish per year in 1700 to 1.4 billion annually by 1850. Our results suggest a realignment of current restoration goals is needed to recognize oceanic and freshwater ecosystem interdependence and the gap between current targets and potential productivity.
Preferencias de habitat de peces siluriformes de aguas continentales de Chile (Fam. Diplomystidae y Trichomycteridae).

Abstract Habitat Preferences of Siluriform Fishes of Chilean Continental Waters (Fam. Diplomystidae and Trichomycteridae) The habitat of the following species of Chilean freshwater siluriform fishes is studied: Diplomystes chilensis, Nematogenys inermis, Trichomycterus areolatus, Tr. chiltoni and Bullockia maldonadoi. N. inermis inhabits the potamonal region of rivers and streams (as the adults of D. chilensis) while Trichomycterus and Bullockia inhabit the rhitronal region which is also occupied by young specimens of D. chilensis. These fishes occupy different habitats during their development in these regions; largest differences exist between the adults: Diplomystes and Nematogenys prefer the deep zone of the Potamon of rivers and streams, while trichomycterids prefer the dead water space in the benthonic part of Rhitron of rivers and streams. Diplomystes is a benthonic form of fast‐running water, while Nematogenys lives in slow‐running water. The spatial distribution of these fishes is discontinuous i.
Physiological linkage in co-variation of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in tropical tree species along a gradient of soil phosphorus availability

Abstract: In order to understand the stoichiometric balance between foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on P-poor soils, we investigated how foliar N and P attributes (i.e. N and P concentrations in green and senesced leaves, N and P resorption efficiencies) of 30 tropical tree species co-vary along a gradient of soil P availability across three forests on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. We found strong and positive correlations between foliar N and P in the concentrations and resorption efficiencies within each forest and across the three forests. Slopes of standardized major axis between foliar N and P concentrations for both green and senesced leaves were not different among the three forests, although the values of the scaling exponent in the relationships of foliar N to P across the three forests were significantly lower than 1. We suggest that down-regulation of N concentrations in green leaves on P-poor soils is one of several possible mechanisms explaining why N concentrations decrease with decreasing P concentrations in both green and senesced leaves toward a lower P availability in soils. On the other hand, the physiological and ecological reasons why N and P resorption efficiencies are positively correlated with each other across tree species remain unclear.
Desempenho da estratégia do aperto em leilões recursivos para descarregamento de tráfego via comunicações dispositivo-a-dispositivo

The explosive growth of mobile data traffic in the last few years has lead mobile network operators (MNO) to seek efficient ways to offload their core infrastructure. In particular, deviceto-device communications has emerged as a key technology to accomplish that. In order to work, the MNO’s clients need to be properly incentivized to share their devices’ resources to the benefit of others. One solution to promote user collaboration is the deployment of recursive auctions, i.e., hop-by-hop bidding contests for forwarding packets to their destinations. In this scenario, each client can implement its own auction strategy, so it can share the incentives provided by the MNO (payments, etc.) to accomplish its job. The operator sets a maximum budget for each packet, and the clients pay a fine if the packet is not delivered within a given deadline. In this dissertation, the Tightness strategy for such recursive auctions is evaluated, which is based on the idea of how “tight” a node is to forward a packet to its destination within the associated deadline. Different preference functions (for auction winner decision) are investigated, and the performance of the Tightness strategy is studied in homogeneous networks, i.e., when all devices implement the same strategy. This study is carried out based on discrete-event simulations under static and mobile scenarios. For performance comparison, two baseline strategies are also investigated: one that prioritizes packet delivery over budget gains, and a greedy one, that always pick the lowest bid regardless of packet delivery within the deadline. All strategies are evaluated on discrete-event simulations based on the ns-3 simulator, and compared according to packet delivery ratio, average budget per node, budget fairness, and average number of hops to destination. The presented results show that the Tightness strategy is more effective than simply using shortest-path routing without taking into account the nodes’ bids. This happens because the nodes who perceive a “tight” condition to deliver a packet within the announced deadline discourage the auctioneer from choosing them by bidding high values. The only metric that the Tightness strategy is slightly lower is the fairness, despite not presenting higher variations as the mobility increases, i.e., it is more robust.
Differential survival and reproduction in colour forms of Philaenus spumarius give new insights to the study of its balanced polymorphism

1. Colour polymorphisms are common across animals and are often the result of complex selection regimes. Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) shows a widely studied dorsal colour polymorphism with several described phenotypes whose variation in their occurrence and frequency, as well as their maintenance across time, have been reported. Several selective influences have been suggested to play a role, but the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of this polymorphism are still poorly understood.
What triggers the “bail out” behaviour in the limpet Lottia gigantea?

Manipulating objects (small rocks, mussel shells, etc.) to which limpets are clinging will cause many spontaneously to release their hold ("bail out"). Experiments demonstrated that in the owl limpet (Lottia gigantea) bail out was only triggered by rotation of the limpet around a horizontal axis at rates of 0.13 to 1.00rps. Limpets reattached more vigorously to a surface following a “bail out” than when they were forcibly removed from the substratum. In the field a variety of intertidal gastropods were observed to “bail out”. “Bail out” appears to be an adaptive response allowing an individual to abandon a dislodged substratum for a more stable one.
Alleviation of restricted systemic spread of pepper mottle potyvirus in Capsicum annuum cv. Avelar by coinfection with a cucumovirus

In the resistant Capsicum annuum «Avelar», pepper mottle potyvirus (PepMoV) antigen accumulated in inoculated leaves but not in uninoculated leaves by 21 days postinoculation (dpi). The amount of PepMoV antigen in the inoculated leaves of Avelar was significantly less than that in comparable leaves from the susceptible control, C. annuum cv. NuMex R Naky. The accumulation and movement of PepMoV were examined using immuno-tissue blot analysis. PepMoV antigen was detected at 4 dpi in both genotypes in the inoculated central zone of the first two true leaves; however, PepMoV antigen was detected much sooner and at much higher concentrations in the uninoculated leaves of NuMex R Naky compared with Avelar. PepMoV was not detected in the first pair of uninoculated leaves by 25 dpi, although viral antigen was detected in the stem below the inoculated leaves and in the first internode above the inoculated leaves. When Avelar plants were coinfected with PepMoV and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, PepMoV antigen accumulation was no longer restricted temporally or spatially within at least 50 % of the Avelar plants
Estructura de un bosque de Ramorinoa girolae (Fabaceae), en la Sierra de Pie de Palo, San Juan (Argentina)

Resumen: Ramorinoa girolae Speg. (Fabaceae), es una especie lenosa endemica de Argentina comunmente llamada "Chica", considerada vulnerable por su restringida distribucion geografica, lento crecimiento y escasa resistencia al fuego. En el presente trabajo se estudio la estructura y el estado sanitario de una poblacion de R. girolae en San Juan, Argentina. Se muestrearon 94 individuos en 8 parcelas de 1000 m 2 cada una (densidad promedio por parcela: 117,5 arboles ha -1 ) y se clasifico el estado sanitario de los arboles en tres categorias: “muy bueno”, “bueno” y “malo”. La condicion general del bosque fue buena con 31,91%; 57,44% y 9,57% del total de los ejemplares en cada categoria. El mayor numero de arboles se registro en la posicion topografica de ladera (N=55). La altura promedio de los arboles fue de 4,05±1,47 m con un alto numero de arboles semi-decumbentes (N=39). El mayor numero de arboles se registro entre los 10-40 cm de diametro basal y solo tres renovales con un diametro basal inferior a 10 cm, lo que sugiere que el bosque no habria regenerado en las ultimas decadas. Para futuros planes de manejo y conservacion, se sugiere investigar los patrones de regeneracion R. girolae, con el objetivo de identificar factores ecologicos clave para la conservacion in situ de esta especie. Palabras clave: Diametro basal, conservacion, Ramorinoa girolae, especie vulnerable, estructura de bosque. Summary: Ramorinoa girolae (Fabaceae) forest structure in Sierra de Pie de Palo, San Juan (Argentina). Ramorinoa girolae Speg. (Fabaceae), commonly called “Chica”, is a small tree endemic to Argentina. Owing to its restricted geographical distribution, slow growth, and poor fire resistance, R. girolae was categorized as vulnerable. In the present study, the size structure and health status of a R. girolae population was analyzed in the Pie de Palo hill, San Juan, Argentina. We sampled 94 trees in eight 1000 m 2 plots (average plot density 117.5 trees ha -1 ), and classified the health status of each tree into three categories: “very good”, “good” and “bad”. In general, the health condition of R. girolae was good, with 31.91%, 57.44% and 9.57 % of the trees in each category, respectively. The highest number of trees was found in the topographic ‘slope’ position (N=55). Average tree height was 4.05±1.47m with a high number of semi-decumbent trees (N=39). The highest number of individuals was recorded between 10-40 cm basal diameter and only three offshoots were less than 10 cm. This observation suggests an overall lack of “chica” regeneration in the last decades. Future conservation and management plans should aim to investigate regeneration patterns of R. girolae in order to identify key ecological factors for in situ conservation of this species.
Community Diversity and the Coexistence of Congeners

sure that the dish contains sugared water. The process is then repeated with the next dish. The predator who calculates using Shannon's formula (.5 questions per dish are enough) will be disagreeably surprised. Half a question may be enough for a cleverly programmed computer that asks the proper questions in advance about the position of the dishes of cyanide. In the situation discussed by Emlen, the number of questions that the predator must ask upon each encounter does not equal ([ log2 1 + [j log2 Rj), but simply equals one (for example, does this dish contain sugared water? ). For this reason, a model using algebra (including empirically determined weighting factors) rather than information theory might bear a closer resemblance to various aspects of Batesian mimicry.
Human impacts, energy availability and invasion across Southern Ocean Islands

Aim Ongoing biological invasions will enhance the impacts of humans on biodiversity. Nonetheless, the effects of exotic species on diversity are idiosyncratic. Increases in diversity might be a consequence of similar responses by species to available energy, or because of positive relationships between human density, energy and propagule pressure. Here we use data from the Southern Ocean island plants and insects to investigate these issues. Location The Southern Ocean Islands ranging from Tristan da Cunha to Heard Island and South Georgia. Methods Generalized linear models are used to explore the relationships between indigenous and exotic species richness for plants and insects on two different islands. Similar models are used to examine interactions between indigenous and exotic species richness, energy availability and propagule pressure at the regional scale. Results Positive relationships were found between indigenous and exotic species richness at local scales, although for plants, the relationship was partially triangular. Across the Southern Ocean Islands, there was strong positive covariation between indigenous and exotic plant species richness and insect species richness, even taking spatial autocorrelation into account. Both exotic and indigenous plant and insect species richness covaried with energy availability, as did human visitor frequency. When two islands with almost identical numbers of human visits were contrasted, it was clear that energy availability, or perhaps differences in climate-matching, were responsible for differences in the extent of invasion. Conclusion In plants and insects, there are positive relationships between indigenous and exotic diversity at local and regional scales across the Southern Ocean islands. These relationships are apparently a consequence of similar responses by both groups and by human occupants to available energy. When visitor frequency is held constant, energy availability is the major correlate of exotic species richness, though the exact mechanistic cause of this relationship requires clarification.
RELATION OF PLASMA PROGESTERONE TO MID AND LATE TERM BOVINE ABORTIONS DUE TO VIBRIO FETUS INFECTION

were aborted 5 to 7 days post-inoculation; foetal death occurred several days before expulsion. Peripheral plasma progesterone levels declined at the time of foetal death. Cows injected with V. fetus during the third 3 months of pregnancy aborted 9 to 20 days post-inoculation and in a majority of cases delivered live calves. The decline of progesterone levels on the day of abortion is very similar to that observed before normal parturition. Progesterone levels in the dam reflect the viability status of the foetus. The decline of progesterone associated with abortion may be due both to placental dysfunction as well as luteolysis of the cl because of the release of products from the infected foetus.
Growth, Movement, Recapture Rate and Survival of Hatchery-Reared Lobsters (Homarus Gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758)) Released Into the Wild On the English East Coast

From 1983 to 1988 over 49,000 three-month-old hatchery-reared lobsters were tagged with a microwire tag and released into the wild in Bridlington Bay on the east coast of England. The area supports a substantial fishery based on a large stock of naturally settled lobsters. Since 1988 approximately 57,000 lobsters have been tested at sea and at the landing place in order to recapture microtagged lobsters and assess their growth, movement, recapture rate and survival. Results to date show that microtagged lobsters have survived in the wild for up to eight years and have been caught in traps (or pots) by commercial fishermen. Lobsters began to reach the minimum legal size of 85 mm carapace length four to five years after release, but showed substantial individual variation in size at age. Most recaptures were recorded within six kilometres of known release sites, and showed strong site fidelity. Some recaptured females carried eggs. Data from additional T-bar tag-recapture experiments are used to estimate the exploitation rate generated by standard pots assuming either zero or a high rate of T-bar tag mortality and tag shedding. The exploitation rate is used to convert spot estimates of the catch rate of microtagged lobsters into estimates of their abundance for comparison with the number of lobsters released at individual sites. Corresponding estimates of survival from release to recapture average 84% and 50% for the two assumptions made about tag mortality and tag shedding in the T-bar tag-recapture experiment. It appears that juvenile hatchery-reared lobsters have survived well to recruitment and we offer this as a first quantitative assessment of pre-recruit survival for Homarus gammarus. The significance of this result for lobster stock enhancement and ecology is discussed.
Quantités ingérées et activités alimentaires comparées des ovins, bovins et caprins recevant des fourrages conservés avec ou sans aliment concentré. I. Etude descriptive

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Quantités ingérées et activités alimentaires comparées des ovins, bovins et caprins recevant des fourrages conservés avec ou sans aliment concentré. I. Etude descriptive Jp Dulphy, B Carle, C Demarquilly, L l’Hôtelier, G Moins, A Ollier
Protective effect of blueberry anthocyanins in a CCl4-induced injury model in human embryonic liver cells

This study investigates the possible mechanism of the protective effects of blueberry anthocyanins on human embryonic liver L-02 cells. Results of the WST-8 method showed that different concentrations of blueberry anthocyanins protected the human embryonic liver L-02 cells against CCl4-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 at 6.2×g/L. Cell clone formation inhibition assay demonstrated that cell clones increased with increased concentration of anthocyanins. Propidium iodide (PI) staining analysis showed that anthocyanins can decrease cell cycle in the G1 phase. DNA ploidy analysis showed a weakened percentage of hypodiploid cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis showed a dose-dependent effect of anthocyanins on late apoptotic and necrotic cells. Western blot assay showed gradually decreased caspase-3 protein expression levels with increased anthocyanin concentration. In summary, these findings provided pharmacological evidence supporting the clinical application and protective effect of blueberry anthocyanins against acute liver injury.
Requêtes discriminantes pour l’exploration de données : Application à l’astrophysique

A l'ere du Big Data, il est essentiel de pouvoir explorer les donnees dont on dispose afin d'en faire eventuellement ressortir des connaissances nouvelles. De part la diversite grandissante des profils d'utilisateurs, qui n'ont souvent qu'un vernis informatique, et la complexite des donnees accumulees, il est de plus en plus difficile de proceder a cette phase d'exploration. Nous nous placons dans un contexte ou un analyste a a sa disposition des donnees gigantesques accessibles en SQL. Nous proposons de l'aider a formuler ses requetes par une approche de reecriture (ou reformulation) repondant a cette necessite d'exploration rapide et intuitive des donnees massives. Pour cela, nous introduisons la notion de \emph{requetes discriminantes}, une restriction syntaxique de SQL qui oblige de specifier une condition de selection qui permet de dissocier des exemples positifs et negatifs. Intuitivement, nous cherchons a construire un petit jeu d'apprentissage dans lequel les exemples positifs correspondent aux resultats souhaites par l'analyste et les exemples negatifs (les contre-exemples) sont ceux qu'il ne veut pas. Nous pouvons alors reformuler la requete initiale en utilisant des techniques d'apprentissage automatique. Nous proposons aussi des mesures pour evaluer la qualite de la reecriture, notamment vis-a-vis de sa diversite en terme de tuples retournes. Un prototype, nomme iSQL, a ete developpe pour mettre en oeuvre cette approche. Nous l'avons experimente sur des bases de donnees issues de l'astrophysique afin d'evaluer sa pertinence dans un cadre d'exploration des donnees, avec des resultats preliminaires tres encourageants.