Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limits on phonetic accuracy in foreign language speech production

This study examined the French syllables /tu/ (‘‘tous’’) and /ty/ (‘‘tu’’) produced in three speaking tasks by native speakers of American English and French talkers living in the U. S. In a paired‐comparison task listeners correctly identified more of the vowels produced by French than American talkers, and more vowels produced by experienced than inexperienced American speakers of French. An acoustic analysis revealed that the American talkers produced /u/ with significantly higher F2 values than the French talkers, but produced /y/ with F2 values equal to those of the French talkers. A labeling task revealed that the /y/ vowels produced by the experienced and inexperienced Americans were identified equally well, but that the experienced Americans produced a more identifiable /u/ than the inexperienced Americans. It is hypothesized that English speakers learn French /y/ rapidly because this vowel is not—like French /u/—judged to be equivalent to a vowel of English. The French and American talkers produc.
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors in the Carpal Joint

This paper examines three cases of localized-type and diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) in the carpal joint. Usually, the site of the localized-type TGCT is the finger and the site of the diffuse-type TGCT is the knee joint. TGCT is rarely found in the carpal joint. In each case, there was only swelling in the carpal joint, but no pain or disturbance in wrist motion. X-rays and Computed Tomographic (CT) scans showed bony impressions in the carpal joint. Cases 1 and 2 had both intraand extra-articular lesions. The intra-articular lesions were a diffuse-type TGCT and the extra-articular lesions were localized-type TGCT. Case 3 only had an intra-articular lesion, which was a localized-type TGCT. The tumors were completely excised under a surgical microscope. There were no recurrences at the follow-up examinations which took place one, four and five years later, because the tumors were completely excised. Although a localized-type TGCT is prominent out of the joint, a diffuse-type TGCT was carefully excised from the joint. We noticed that diffused-type TGCT often exists in a hand and finger joint lesion, and if these lesions are not excised completely, recurrence might occur.
1 An investigation on virtual information modeling 2 acceptance based on project management knowledge 3 areas 4

In the contemporary construction management, poor project performance, cost overrun, 14 and low-quality construction have become a central point of attention for improving project 15 performance including information, interaction and communication management. virtual design 16 and construction and building information modelling play indispensable role in improving the 17 project performance. The aim of this study is to propose a Virtual Information Modeling as a novel 18 information and communication technology method with potential to overcome problems in the 19 construction industry. Using one-sample t test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov approach, we analysed 20 data collected from structured questionnaire survey involving project managers working at 21 architecture, engineering and construction industries in Tehran, Iran. The results suggest that the 22 most important benefits and challenges of using Virtual Information Modeling are related to the 23 area of integration, and implementation of Virtual Information Modeling has the greatest impact on 24 this area of project management knowledge. Thus, integration should be considered a top priority 25 for construction companies implementing Virtual Information Modeling in their projects. 26 Policymakers should understand that careful management of virtual information is essential for 27 improving the performance of projects and enhancing the process efficiency. 28
Association between Comorbidities and Selected Sociodemographic Factors with Complications of Diabetes: Results from the National Diabetic Registry Malaysia

Background: This study aims to determine the hazard ratio of having any complication from diabetes mellitus, and the associations between comorbidities and risk of having any complications from diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients who have attended government primary care clinics. Methods: Secondary data were retrieved from the Malaysian National Diabetic Registry which included all patients who received care. The data from the study on the socio-demographic, diabetes complications, clinical and treatment characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Cox regression was performed to estimate the hazard ratio for comorbidities, tobacco use, duration of diabetes and socio-demography characteristics upon time to diabetic complications. Results: Adjusted for other covariates, increase number of comorbidities contributed the highest hazard ratio risk: 1 comorbid (aHR: 2.47, 95% CI: 2.39, 2.55), 2 comorbidities (aHR: 4.34, 95% CI: 4.22, 4.47), 3 comorbidities (aHR: 6.56, 95% CI: 6.31, 6.81) and 4 comorbidities (aHR: 9.13, 95% CI: 8.20, 10.17). Other factors: age > 40 years (8%) Malays (27%) and smokers (10%) have hazard risks to develop diabetic complications. Conclusions: Increase in number of comorbidities will increase the risk of getting diabetes complications. Other factors such as age, gender, race, smoking status and duration of diabetes are also noted to contribute to increase risk for diabetes complications.
Comparative study of the usability of two software programs for visualization and analysis of digital orthodontic models

Background. Software programs for visualization and analysis of digital orthodontic models, apart from presenting the necessary features for diagnosis and treatment planning, also need to be user-friendly. This characteristic refers to software’ usability, a measure that evaluates how easy it is to use it is by a specific group of professionals. The aim of this study was to compare the usability of free available versions of two software programs for visualization and analysis of digital orthodontic models. Methods. Digimodel® and OrthoCAD® usability were evaluated through their interface analysis and executing the following procedures: malocclusion classification and models analysis (arch-length and tooth-size discrepancies). Results. Digimodel® and OrthoCAD® software programs had an installer only for Windows platform, occupied less than 110 megabytes of virtual space and only read files from their respective manufacturers. None possessed Portuguese as a language option. Both allowed visualization of the models in different axes through options present in initial screen, at a click. For model analysis, both software programs required to measure tooth to tooth and performed necessary calculations automatically. However, OrthoCAD® software program was less intuitive because the option for these actions was among several others, within menus, which could cause confusion during navigation. In addition, the marking of points did not always obey the clicked site. Conclusion. The free access version of the evaluated software programs exhibited usability limitations related to language, supported file format and even the model analysis execution for orthodontic diagnosis. Although OrthoCAD® was inferior, both did not meet orthodontists’ clinical demand against these factors in the evaluated versions.
Post – artificial insemination supplementation with calcium salts of soybean oil influences pregnancy establishment factors in Bos indicus beef cows 1

The objective of this experiment was to compare hormonal, uterine, and conceptus factors associated with pregnancy establishment in Bos indicus beef cows supplemented or not with Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) for 21 d beginning after timed AI. One hundred lactating multiparous Nelore cows were allocated to 20 groups of 5 cows/group and timed inseminated on d 0 of the experiment. After AI, groups were randomly assigned to receive (as-fed basis) 100 g of protein–mineral mix + 100 g of ground corn per cow per day, in addition to 1) 100 g/cow daily of CSSO (n = 10) or 2) 100 g/cow daily of kaolin (CON; rumen-inert indigestible substance; n = 10). Groups were maintained in 4 Panicum maximum pastures (5 groups from the same treatment within each pasture) with ad libitum access to forage. Groups were segregated daily and individually offered treatments from d 0 to 21. Blood samples were collected and transrectal ultrasonography was performed to verify ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) volume immediately before AI (d 0) and on d 7 and 15. After ultrasonography on d 15, 60 cows (30 cows/treatment and 3 cows/group) diagnosed without the presence of a CL on d 0 but with a CL greater than 0.38 cm3 in volume on d 7 and 15 were assigned to conceptus collection via transcervical flushing with PBS followed by endometrial biopsy in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL. Additional blood samples were collected for wholeblood RNA extraction (d 20), and pregnancy status was verified by transrectal ultrasonography (d 30) in cows not assigned to conceptus collection. Cows receiving CSSO had greater (P ≤ 0.04) mean plasma linoleic acid concentration, plasma linoleic:linolenic acid ratio, plasma progesterone (P4) concentration, and CL volume during the experiment compared with CON cows. Moreover, CSSO supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.04) length and mRNA expression of prostaglandin E synthase and interferon-tau by the conceptus as well as blood mRNA expression of interferon-stimulated genes on d 20 in gestating cows. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.30) for endometrial mRNA expression of prostaglandin E synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. In summary, post-AI CSSO supplementation to B. indicus beef cows increased plasma concentration of linoleic acid and enhanced pregnancy establishment factors, which included CL development and plasma P4 concentration, conceptus growth, and mRNA expression of interferon-tau as well as blood mRNA expression of interferon-stimulated genes.
HCV-discovery to elimination, ��myth or reality��

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was discovered in 1989, before that it was commonly known as transfusion associated non A non B hepatitis. It rapidly assumed the role of leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and a leading indication for liver transplant globally. For over two decades the treatment was suboptimal with the use of pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination across all genotypes. The vaccine development also failed for over two decades. However a major breakthrough happened in December 2013 when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first pan genotypic oral directly acting drug Sofosbuvir. Since then many new directly acing drugs have been approved through fast track by the FDA. Today we have directly acting antiviral agents for all HCV patients providing cure rates of over 90%. Looking into this success the World Health Organization has set targets for 2030 for HCV elimination. There are several countries which have formed strategies to achieve this goal and others are still thinking to develop their own strategies. The availability of generics have reduced the prices substantially, however the problem is so gigantic that unless proper operational strategies for elimination are developed by the developing world especially by China and Pakistan, the two counties having the largest existing pool of HCV patients, the goals of elimination may not come true.
Excess sensitivity of consumption to income growth: a model of Loss Aversion

The article provides an empirical test on micro-data of a model of individual behavior based on Loss Aversion: utility is S-shaped, i.e. concave above reference consumption and convex below it. As a consequence individuals do not reduce current consumption in response to an expected income decline as long as uncertainty is high enough. Such a behavior is consistent with excess sensitivity of consumption to income growth, an empirical regularity which is hard to explain within a standard Life Cycle model. Loss Aversion is tested on an Italian dataset (the Bank of Italy's; Survey on Households' Income and Wealth). The conclusion is that excess sensitivity could be explained by a model that do not assume individuals to be expected utility maximizers. Copyright 2009 , Oxford University Press.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Firms' Going-Private Decisions

We investigate firms' going-private decisions in response to the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). The Act has the potential to bring both benefits, in terms of more transparent disclosure and improvements in corporate governance, and costs, in terms of complying with the new regulation. We argue that firms go private in response to SOX only if the SOX-imposed costs to the firm exceed the SOX-induced benefits to shareholders, and this difference swamps the net benefit of being a public firm prior to the passage of SOX. By examining a sample of all going-private firms from 1998 to 2004, we find: (1) the quarterly frequency of going private has modestly increased after the passage of SOX; (2) the abnormal returns associated with the passage of SOX were positively related to firm size and share turnover; (3) smaller firms and firms with greater inside ownership have experienced higher going-private announcement returns in the post-SOX period compared to the pre-SOX period. Our empirical evidence is broadly consistent with the notion that SOX has affected firms' going-private decisions.
What causes depression in adults?

Abstract The problem of depression in adolescents is discussed increasingly more often. A lot of researchers devote their careers to investigating this subject. The issue becomes vital, since the number of young people with depressive symptoms is constantly on the rise. The diagnosis can be difficult, as many a time the changes so typical for the puberty period appear. They include mood swings, explosiveness, propulsion disorders, puissance, insomnia, concentration problems etc. These might be the first symptoms of depression as well. It is impossible to point to one cause of depression because it is a disease conditioned by many different factors, ranging from independent factors like genetic, biological, hormonal, through the influence of the family or the environment influence and socio-cultural components. Early depression symptoms, long time exposure to stress, challenges or adversities - things every young person has to deal with - are a breeding ground for risky behaviors among adolescents. Teens are more likely to reach for different kinds of stimulants like alcohol, cigarettes or drugs etc. It has also been proven that anti-health behaviors may cause depression in the future
Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC) Producing Gram Negative Superbugs: An Emerging Cause of Multidrug-Resistant Infections in General Surgery Department of Sohag University Hospital, Egypt

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria are emerging highly drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli causing infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to detect the resistance to carbapenems in clinical isolates of Gram negative pathogens obtained from patients admitted in the Department of General Surgery, Sohag University Hospital and to assess KPC production among these isolates. A total of 215 clinical isolates obtained over a period from September 2013 to March 2015. These isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance by culturing on CHROM agar KPC media. Species identification by using API 20 E test strips as a biochemical identification system and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method were carried out. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were screened for carbapenemase production by the modified Hodge test (MHT) and positive isolates were further checked for KPC production by phenylboronic acid (PBA) test. Isolates were also checked for metallo-lacatmase (MBLs) production by the EDTA combined disk test (CDT) and by disk enhancement test with both PBA and EDTA for the detection of co-production of KPC and MBL. Of the total 59 carbapenem resistant isolates, MHT identified 52 (88.14%) isolates as carbapenemase producers, MBLs activity was detected in 20 (33.9%) isolates by CDT, KPC in 14 (23.73%) isolates by PBA test and co-existence of both KPC and MBL in 9 (15.25%) isolates. Multidrug resistance characterized the studied isolates, with colistin being the most active agent. Emergence of KPC producing pathogens in our setting creates an important challenge for clinicians and hospital epidemiologists, because it is added to the already high burden of antimicrobial K e y w o r d s
Design and Analysis of Two-Stage Op-Amp in 0.25μm CMOS Technology

In this paper, the detailed study of Op-Amp and its characterizing parameters is presented. Parameter measurements of a Two-stage Op-Amp are presented along with measurement set-ups and simulation results. The design of a Two-stage Op-Amp is done to perform various parameter measurements. A two-stage Op-Amp is designed in 0. 25μm CMOS technology. The designed Op-Amp operates at 2.5V power supply. The Op-Amp achieves 61.5 dB of Open-loop gain, 64o phase margin, Gain Bandwidth of 31 MHz, 20 Khz of 3-dB Cutoff frequency, 10V/μs of Slew rate with 0.82mW power consumption.
Advanced Face Presentation Attack Detection on Light Field Database

In the last years several works have been focused on the impact of new sensors on face recognition. A particular interest has been addressed to technologies able to detect the depth of the scene as light field cameras. Together with person identification algorithms, new anti-spoofing methods customized for specific devices have to be investigated. In this paper, a new algorithm for presentation attack detection on light field face database is proposed. While distance between subject and camera is not a relevant information for standard 2D spoofing attacks, it could be important when using 3D cameras. We prove through three experiments that the proposed method based on depth map elaboration outperforms the existent algorithms in presentation attack detection on light field images.
Peace building in post : war societies

Post-Conflict peace building is evidently not a simple process. There are significant limitations and complications that need to be addressed, including political and resource constraints and also peace building in post-conflict societies is a multi-component process, most important of which is finding lasting political solutions within the framework of nation states. While the term peace building is relatively new, external assistance for post-war rebuilding goes back to the reconstruction of post–World War II Europe and Japan. What was new in Boutros Boutros-Ghali’s formulation, and what caught the world’s attention, was a realization that the end of the Cold War opened new possibilities for international action? The United Nations, individual states and international nongovernment organizations (INGOs), have become increasingly involved in trying to rebuild peaceful societies in the aftermath of violent Conflict. Post-Conflict peace building encompasses the full range of non-military commitments undertaken by the international community to assist countries to achieve self-sustaining peace and socioeconomic development. This article studies one such effort of peace building and sustainable development in a war-torn nation. This paper focuses on the original definition of peace building. More specifically, it examines elements of peace building and interventions by external actors to help wartorn societies not only to avoid a relapse into Conflict, but more importantly, to establish the conditions for sustainable peace. post-Conflict reconstruction. ( Charles Call,2004). ever since then, peace building has become a broadly used but often ill deûned term implying activities that go beyond crisis intervention, such as long term development, building of governance structures and institutions or building the capacity of non governmental organizations (including religious institutions) for peacemaking and peace building. The United Nations distinguishes between several different kinds of intervention to bring about peace. In addition to humanitarian aid or emergency assistance, designed to provide the immediate Introduction The term peace building came into widespread use after the then United Nations Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali—announced his Agenda for Peace in 1992. “Action to identify and support structures which tend to strengthen and solidify peace to avoid a relapse into Conflict”. Since then, peace building has become a catchall concept, encompassing multiple (and at times contradictory) perspectives and agendas. It is indiscriminately used to refer to preventive diplomacy, preventive development, Conflict prevention, Conflict resolution and
Towards Formula Translation using Recursive Neural Networks

While it has become common to perform automated translations on natural language, performing translations between different representations of mathematical formulae has thus far not been possible. We implemented the first translator for mathematical formulae based on recursive neural networks. We chose recursive neural networks because mathematical formulae inherently include a structural encoding. In our implementation, we developed new techniques and topologies for recursive tree-to-tree neural networks based on multi-variate multi-valued Long Short-Term Memory cells. We propose a novel approach for mini-batch training that utilizes clustering and tree traversal. We evaluate our translator and analyze the behavior of our proposed topologies and techniques based on a translation from generic LaTeX to the semantic LaTeX notation. We use the semantic LaTeX notation from the Digital Library for Mathematical Formulae and the Digital Repository for Mathematical Formulae at the National Institute for Standards and Technology. We find that a simple heuristics-based clustering algorithm outperforms the conventional clustering algorithms on the task of clustering binary trees of mathematical formulae with respect to their topology. Furthermore, we find a mask for the loss function, which can prevent the neural network from finding a local minimum of the loss function. Given our preliminary results, a complete translation from formula to formula is not yet possible. However, we achieved a prediction accuracy of 47.05% for predicting symbols at the correct position and an accuracy of 92.3% when ignoring the predicted position. Concluding, our work advances the field of recursive neural networks by improving the training speed and quality of training. In the future, we will work towards a complete translation allowing a machine-interpretation of LaTeX formulae.