Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPIRITUAL ISSUES AND QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT IN CANCER CARE

Being diagnosed with cancer forces most human beings to face their own death. The comfortable sense of both invulnerability and immortality is shattered, making the patient thoroughly aware that life is finite and limited. Approaching death, cancer patients commonly embark on an inner journey involving a search for meaning as well as a reordering of priorities involving physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. Although interest in the role of spirituality, relating to both adjustment to cancer and the overall quality of life of cancer patients, has increased in recent years, most of the commonly used quality of life (QOL) instruments in oncology typically do not include spiritual issues. In this article, it is argued that assessing QOL effectively should involve all aspects of the personality, including mind, body, and spirit as well. This article also reviews recent studies, which have shown that spiritual well-being, although a many-sided and difficult construct to define, is closely related to the QOL of cancer patients. It is also suggested that further research is needed to understand how the new focus on spirituality can contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of patient's QOL in cancer care.
No significant predictive value of c‐ erbB‐2 or p53 expression regarding sensitivity to primary chemotherapy or radiotherapy in breast cancer

To document whether c‐erbB‐2 over‐expression or p53 accumulation in tumour cells was predictive of response to chemo‐ or radiotherapy, we analyzed a population of patients with breast cancer assigned to neo‐adjuvant therapy (median follow‐up: 54 months). T2/T3‐N0N1b‐M0 tumours (329 cases) were treated either by FAC chemotherapy or by radiotherapy before surgery, and the clinical response was classified as complete or incomplete. Expression of c‐erbB‐2 and p53 was retrospectively evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Proliferation rate was assessed by means of MIB‐1 antibody and by S‐phase fraction. A complete response to chemotherapy was observed in 38/167 patients (23%). Complete response rate was 20% in c‐erbB‐2‐negative tumours, and rose to 31% in tumours with c‐erbB‐2 over‐expression, but this trend was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between p53 staining and response to treatment, whereas chemosensitivity was found correlated with histological grade and S‐phase. A complete response to radiotherapy was observed in 64 of the 156 evaluable patients (41%). Complete response rate was 41% in c‐erbB‐2‐ or p53‐negative tumours, 54% in tumours with c‐erb‐B‐2 over‐expression, and 44% in tumours with p53 accumulation. There was no correlation between response to radiotherapy and histological grade or proliferative rate. No prognostic value was found for c‐erbB‐2 or p53 expression, whereas the 5‐year survival rate was 85% for patients presenting a tumour with a low proliferating index (MIB‐1 < 10%), and 68% for patients presenting a tumour with a high proliferative index. In multivariate analysis, node status (RR = 2), MIB‐1 immunostaining (RR = 2), and tumour size (RR = 1.8) were found to be associated with survival. These results indicate that c‐erbB‐2 or p53 expression is not significantly associated with tumour response to neo‐adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy in our series of breast cancers. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 79:27–33, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hey, Wake Up: Come Along with the Artificial Learning Companion to the e-Learner's Outcomes High!

Compared to offline learners, online learners' attitude during the learning process is relatively poor, and a feeling of loneliness is entailed as they often study alone. This results in a low learning outcome. So far, no examples exist for the design of a learning companion to this end. Herein we present a pioneering work on a co-existing, artificial learning companion capable of improving the learner's attitude through sleepiness detection. We capture, analyze and estimate the level of sleepiness employing a machine learning technique with the pilot study data. Then, we propose a prototype called LearniCube using a sleepiness detection model with an experimental evaluation of LearniCube.
Public-health aspects of Salmonella infection.

In 1880, Karl Joseph Eberth described a bacillus that he suspected to be the cause of typhoid fever (Eberth, 1880). In 1884, the pathologist Georg Theodor August Gaffky confi rmed Eberth’s fi ndings, and the organism was named Gaffky-Eberth bacillus. At that time, it was also known that bacteria similar to Salmonella serovar Typhi could cause enteric disease in humans and farm animals. This was proved when Salmon and Smith reported the isolation of the bacteria responsible for ‘hog cholera’ or ‘swine fever’ in 1885. The name Salmonella was subsequently adopted in honour of Salmon, an American veterinary surgeon. In the early to mid-20th century there were many pioneering studies into the identifi cation and differentiation of Salmonella. The schemes that were developed made use of the fact that, although Salmonella show considerable antigenic diversity, they elicit two principal antibody reactions in infected animals. Thus antibodies are produced against cell-surface or somatic O antigens and fl agella or H antigens. In 1929, White developed a typing scheme based on this antigenic variation, which was later modifi ed by Kauffmann. This work enabled the differentiation of Salmonella into serovars. In 1934, the fi rst Kauffmann-White scheme containing 44 serovars was published by Kauffmann and the Salmonella Subcommittee (Kelterborn, 1967). Later, biochemical methods were introduced into the scheme to better identify the diverse characteristics of Salmonella species and subspecies. In the following years, supplements describing novel serovars of different subspecies had been published by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella under the leadership of Le Minor. In recognition of the importance of the work by Le Minor in the 1970s and 1980s, the scheme was renamed the WhiteKauffmann-Le Minor scheme. Two species had been classifi ed within the genus Salmonella: S. enterica (grouped in six subspecies) and S. bongori (former subsp. V, with only 23 serovars). The vast majority of serovars (1547) belong to S. enterica subsp. enterica. The last supplement (no. 47) was edited in 2010 by Weill and specifi es 2610 Salmonella serovars. To date, the WhiteKauffmann-Le Minor scheme is the benchmark for Salmonella typing worldwide (Guibourdenche et al., 2010). Today the scientifi cally correct term for the bacillus that causes typhoid fever is Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi or short S. Typhi.
ADIPONECTIN-THE MOLECULE OF THIS DECADE

VA Kothiwale, Madhav Prabhu, Belgaum Adipocyte as we knew all these days was considered as a mere organ for deposition of fat however this view now is no longer tenable. We now know that adipocytes secrete a number of active hormones and is thus an important endocrinological organ. These hormones are loosely known as adipocytokines. Among the various “adipocytokines,” adiponectin, which is an abundant circulating protein synthesized solely in adipose tissue, appears to play a very important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and vascular biology. Adiponectin appears to be a major modulator of insulin action and its levels are reduced in type 2 diabetes, which could contribute to peripheral insulin resistance. It has significant insulin-sensitizing as well as anti-inflammatory properties that include suppression of macrophage phagocytosis and TNFalpha secretion and blockage of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro. One of the important regulator of the adipocyte levels is the amount of body fat and thus the obesity. It has always been a practice to measure the amount of obesity and thus the risk of morbidity using anthropometric measures like body mass index ,waist hip ratio or by measuring the body fat using bioimpedence methods.These methods in clinical practice have never been accurate and it is in this situation that we find serum adiponectin levels particularly important.
Use of the Exercise Treadmill Test for the Assessment of Cardiac Risk Markers in Adults Infected with HIV

Background: Despite the association between HIV and coronary artery disease (CAD), there are no specific recommendations for the cardiovascular evaluation of the HIV-infected population. Besides being a tool for the evaluation of CAD, the exercise treadmill test (ETT) provides insights into functional capacity and autonomic function, which have been frequently affected in HIV infection, and thus may be useful in this setting. Methods: Forty-nine HIV-infected individuals without known CAD underwent ETT. Peak oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2 peak), functional capacity (in metabolic equivalents [METs]), exercise-induced ischemia, chronotropic incompetence (CI) and abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise were studied. Results: VO2 peak was 31.4±4.8 mL/kg/min and functional capacity was 9.2±1.6 MET. CI was observed in 30.6%, and 10.2% had abnormal HRR. VO2 peak was lower in women and inversely correlated with age and body mass index. None of the patients displayed ischemic changes. Conclusion: Although functional capacity was good, risk markers such as CI and abnormal HRR were not infrequent. This study identifies a subgroup of HIV-infected patients–the older, overweight, or obese–who may have higher risk and deserve cardiovascular screening with the ETT.
Setting the Preheating and Steady-State Operation of Electronic Ballasts, Considering Electrodes of Hot-Cathode Fluorescent Lamps

This paper presents a new methodology for the adjustment of the preheating process and steady-state operation of electronic ballasts intended for hot-cathode fluorescent lamps. The classical series-resonant parallel-loaded half-bridge inverter is the power stage analyzed in this paper. In addition, the preheating process is based on the imposition of a constant rms current through the electrodes, in order to provide a proper value of the Rh/Rc ratio before the lamp start. According to the proposed methodology, it is possible to set suitable operating points for the electronic ballast, considering optimal conditions for the lamps electrodes. Therefore, the proposed methodology for setting the preheating and steady-state operation is a complete platform to the design of electronic ballasts for hot-cathode fluorescent lamps
Life table analysis of Anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) in relation to malaria transmission.

Malaria continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics several years after the World Health Organization’s roll back malaria (RBM) initiative. The disease is responsible for an estimated one million deaths per year, mainly in pregnant women and young children under the age of five, in Africa 1 . In Nigeria, malaria accounts for 40–50% outpatient hospital visits, and estimates of child mortality indicate that at least 30% of Nigerian children die of malaria each year 2 .
Structure and expression of the human FHIT gene in normal and tumor cells.

The FHIT gene, encoded by 10 exons in a 1.1-kb transcript, encompasses approximately 1 Mb of genomic DNA, which includes the hereditary RCC t(3;8) translocation break at 3p14.2, the FRA3B common fragile region, and homozygous deletions in various cancer-derived cell lines. Because some of these genetic landmarks (e.g., the t(3;8) break between untranslated FHIT exons 3 and 4, a major fragile region that includes a viral integration site between exons 4 and 5, and cancer cell homozygous deletions in intron 5) do not necessarily affect coding exons and yet apparently affect expression of the gene product, we examined the FHIT locus and its expression in detail in more than 10 tumor-derived cell lines to clarify mechanisms underlying aberrant expression. We observed some cell lines with apparently continuous large homozygous deletions, which included one or more coding exons; cell lines with discontinuous deletions, some of which included or excluded coding exons; and cell lines that exhibited heterozygous and/or homozygous deletions, by Southern blot analysis for the presence of specific exons. Most of the cell lines that exhibited genomic alterations showed alteration of FHIT transcripts and absence or diminution of Fhit protein.
FIVE-YEAR COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HYDROCEPHALUS IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT OPERATION (113 CASES).

H YDROCEPHALUS long has been recognized by neurosurgeons as a sign of serious intracranial disease involving obstructions in the pathways of the cerebrospinal fluid. Multiple etiologies of such obstructions have been identified, ~,4,5,16 but some of the major pathophysiologie mechanisms of the cerebrospinal-fluid system in hydrocephalus remain in doubt and under investigation. 19 Progressing hydrocephalus, whatever its cause, produces unequivocal loss of cerebral mass, however, and presumably results thereby in damage to the brain in addition to the damage caused by the process producing the blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid. Neurosurgical operative techniques recently have been developed to such a degree of technical excellence, ~,13-15 however, that progressing hydrocephalus can be arrested by relatively simple surgical techniques, providing adequate postoperative follow-up of such patients is maintained. Thorough study of a significant group of such patients over a long period of time should give some information as to the value of such procedures in preventing brain damage that otherwise might produce an incompetent individual. For reliable conclusions, such a series of surgically treated patients should be compared with a parallel series of patients not operated upon, 2~ especially in regard to functional status of the patients. With this objective in mind, a study has been carried out over a 5-year period in which two groups of patients with hydro-
R. e. presented linear orders

This paper looks at linear orders in the following way. A preordering is given, which is linear and recursively enumerable. By performing the natural identification, one obtains a linear order for which equality is not necessarily recursive. A format similar to Metakides and Nerode's [3] is used to study these linear orders. In effective studies of linear orders thus far, the law of antisymmetry (x ≦ y ∧ y ≦ x ⇒ y) has been assumed, so that if the order relation x ≦ y is r.e. then x < y is also r.e. Here the assumption is dropped, so that x < y may not be r.e. and the equality relation may not be recursive; the possibility that equality is not recursive leads to new twists which sometimes lead to negative results. Reported here are some interesting preliminary results with simple proofs, which are obtained if one looks at these objects with a view to doing recursion theory in the style of Metakides and Nerode. (This style, set in [3], is seen in many subsequent papers by Metakides and Nerode, Kalantari, Remmel, Retzlaff, Shore, and others, e.g. [1], [4], [6], [7], [8], [11]. In a sequel, further investigations will be reported which look at r.e. presented linear orders in this fashion and in the context of Rosenstein's comprehensive work [10]. Obviously, only countable linear orders are under consideration here. For recursion-theoretic notation and terminology see Rogers [9].
Migraine and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Migraine has been associated with an unfavourable cardiovascular risk profile and with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In a cross-sectional analysis of 17 616 women aged ≥45 years, we evaluated the association of migraine and migraine aura status with elevated levels of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-1 and B100, lipoprotein (a), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, homocysteine and creatinine. A total of 5087 (18.4±) women reported any history of migraine. Compared with women with no migraine history, women who reported any history of migraine had modestly increased adjusted odds ratios (95± confidence interval) of 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) for elevated total cholesterol, 1.14 (1.05, 1.23) for non-HDL-C, 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) for Apo B100 and 1.13 (1.05, 1.22) for CRP. The increase did not meaningfully differ according to migraine aura status and migraine frequency. In this large cohort of women, only a modest association was found between migraine and adverse levels of certain cardiovascular biomarkers.
Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems: a review of the recent advances

Liposomes and liposome-derived nanovesicles such as archaeosomes and virosomes have become important carrier systems in vaccine development and the interest for liposome-based vaccines has markedly increased. A key advantage of liposomes, archaeosomes and virosomes in general, and liposome-based vaccine delivery systems in particular, is their versatility and plasticity. Liposome composition and preparation can be chosen to achieve desired features such as selection of lipid, charge, size, size distribution, entrapment and location of antigens or adjuvants. Depending on the chemical properties, water-soluble antigens (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, haptens) are entrapped within the aqueous inner space of liposomes, whereas lipophilic compounds (lipopeptides, antigens, adjuvants, linker molecules) are intercalated into the lipid bilayer and antigens or adjuvants can be attached to the liposome surface either by adsorption or stable chemical linking. Coformulations containing different types of antigens or adjuvants can be combined with the parameters mentioned to tailor liposomal vaccines for individual applications. Special emphasis is given in this review to cationic adjuvant liposome vaccine formulations. Examples of vaccines made with CAF01, an adjuvant composed of the synthetic immune-stimulating mycobacterial cordfactor glycolipid trehalose dibehenate as immunomodulator and the cationic membrane forming molecule dimethyl dioctadecylammonium are presented. Other vaccines such as cationic liposome–DNA complexes (CLDCs) and other adjuvants like muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A and listeriolysin O are mentioned as well. The field of liposomes and liposome-based vaccines is vast. Therefore, this review concentrates on recent and relevant studies emphasizing current reports dealing with the most studied antigens and adjuvants, and pertinent examples of vaccines. Studies on liposome-based veterinary vaccines and experimental therapeutic cancer vaccines are also summarized.
Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis- An Issue of Carcinogenesis

Oral Sub Mucous fibrosis is a chronic progressive debilitating disease and often considered to be a potentially malignant disorder. Development of epithelial dysplasia in oral sub mucous fibrosis is debatable and the role of epithelium and connective tissue bed in its initiation, progression & promotion is studied by various authors. Changes in epithelium of oral sub mucous fibrosis are thought to be dependent on vascularity and nourishment of underlying stroma but recent analytical studies related to Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases (iNOS) activity and microvasculature raised questions against them. So we are trying to resolve the enigma and simplify the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis in oral sub mucous fibrosis where one of the etiological components (areca nut) has played its perfect role .
Is there subclinical enthesitis in early psoriatic arthritis? A clinical comparison with power doppler ultrasound

Enthesitis is a recognized feature of spondylarthritides (SpA), including psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Previously, ultrasound imaging has highlighted the presence of subclinical enthesitis in established SpA, but there are little data on ultrasound findings in early PsA. The aim of our study was to compare ultrasound and clinical examination (CE) for the detection of entheseal abnormalities in an early PsA cohort.
Chromatographic separation of the free radical scavenging components of the leaf extracts of Leea philippinensis Merr.

The ability of Leea philippinensis, an endemic tree in the Philippines, as in vitro free radical scavenger was investigated. Soxhlet extraction using solvents in increasing order of polarity (hexane<chloroform<ethyl acetate<acetone<methanol) yielded acetone and methanol extracts with the highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). These crude extracts were further separated using silica gel column chromatography with eluents hexane, hexane:acetone (1:1), acetone, acetone:methanol (1:1) and methanol. Fractions with the most TFC and TPC exhibited concentration-dependent activity with an IC 50 value range of 0.10 0.29, 0.17 - 0.80, 0.29 - 0.84 and 3.40 - 9.75 mg/mL, respectively, against DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide inhibition assays. In addition, these fractions demonstrated reducing power by transforming the Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . Infrared spectra of fractions at 4000–500 cm -1 using FTIR revealed presence of phenolic group.
Ductal carcinoma in situ: risk factors and impact of screening.

BACKGROUND The National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research commissioned a structured literature review on the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as a background paper for the State of the Science Conference on Diagnosis and Management of DCIS. METHODS Published studies were abstracted from MEDLINE and other sources. We include articles published through January 31, 2009; 92 publications were abstracted. RESULTS DCIS incidence rose from 1.87 per 100,000 in 1973-1975 to 32.5 per 100,000 in 2005. Increases in incidence were greatest in tumors without comedo necrosis. Incidence increased in all ages but more in women older than 50 years. Increased use of mammography explains some but not all of the increased incidence. Risk factors for incident DCIS include older age and positive family history. Whereas tamoxifen prevents both invasive breast cancer and DCIS, raloxifene is associated with decreased invasive breast cancer but not decreased DCIS. CONCLUSIONS Scientific questions deserving further investigation include the relationship between mammography use and DCIS incidence and the role of chemoprevention for reducing the incidence of DCIS and invasive breast cancer.
Experimental analysis of the space vector PWM control of two-level inverter to feeding an induction motor

The paper presents the results experimental of the advantages of vector control the modulation of the pulse width «SVPWM» such as reducing switching losses, higher output voltages and improved harmonics performance. In this paper the FFT method used for check the spectral content of current and tension of induction motor powered by three-phase two-level inverter supply. This inverter is the key to achieve the real-time control of an induction motor.
A Analysis of ANN-based Echo State Network Intrusion Detection in Computer Networks

The complexity of attacks on computer systems is increasing rapidly. The current network is complicated due to the high throughput and the multiuniformity of actions. Intrusion detection is a process of monitoring the various computer networks and systems for violations of security and this can be automatically done with the help of an intrusion detection system. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a critical component for secure information management. IDS plays a major role in detecting and disrupting various attacks before cooperating with the software. This paper presents the investigations carried out on different neural network structures using a number of algorithms for intrusion detection. Also this paper proposed an Echo State Network (ESN) structures for intrusion detection. The proposed algorithm has faster convergence and better performance in IDS. The objective of this paper is to implement the ESN algorithm and compare with other neural network algorithms in a networked environment. The performances of different methods have been implemented and compared using the Knowledge Discovery and Data mining (KDD) dataset to experiment the performance of ESN in classifying the Local Area Network (LAN) intrusion packets.