Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Junctionless Poly-Si Nanowire Transistors With Low-Temperature Trimming Process for Monolithic 3-D IC Application

In this paper, the junctionless (JL) ultrathin polycrystalline-Si (poly-Si) nanowire (NW) transistors with gate-all-around configuration and raised source/drain were successfully fabricated by a low-temperature trimming process. The 140 °C-heated phosphoric acid (HPA) was adopted for trimming the channel dimension, which exhibits a near roughness degradation-free etching and excellent trimming uniformity. As the HPA immersing time increased, the channel dimension was thinned and narrowed, resulting in the greater electrostatic integrity. Therefore, the steep subthreshold swing ~75 mV/decade, low drain-induced barrier lowering ~33 mV/V, and high on/off currents ratio (ION/IOFF) ~ 7 x 106 can be achieved. These superior characteristics of low-temperature JL poly-Si NW transistors are promising candidates for the low thermal budget monolithic 3-D ICs and the system on panel applications in the future.
Introducing infants to referential events: a development study of maternal ostensive marking in French

It is well known that mothers give their infants lessons in conversational competence from an early age. This study considered how maternal gestures and prosody contribute to this developing competence. It examines how mothers use ostensive marking to point out common references at different stages of development. The corpus consisted of longitudinal observations of four mother–infant dyads during free play (infants aged 0;4 to 1;1), at three stages of sensorimotor development (III, IV and V). Four dimensions of ostensive marking were considered: (1) the span of the marked utterance (holistic vs. local); (2) the communication channel used (gestural vs. prosodic); (3) the type of gestural marker (oriented, iconic, conventional, beats); and (4) the type of prosodic marker (emphasis, prosodic cliché, reinforced nuclear stress, focal accent). Although there was no clear change in the patterns of specific types of gestural or prosodic markers, the results showed that mothers adapt their gestures to the infant's processing level. Between stages III and V, they move from holistic to local and from gestural to prosodic marking. Stage IV appears to be an excellent period for observing the transition.
Arousal, numbing, and intrusion: symptom structure of PTSD following assault.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated hypotheses concerning the importance of symptoms of numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS Symptoms of PTSD were assessed in 72 female rape victims and 86 female victims of nonsexual assault approximately 3 months after the crimes occurred. A principal-components factor analysis of subjects' symptoms was then undertaken. RESULTS The analysis yielded three factors: arousal/avoidance, numbing, and intrusion. These were somewhat different from the symptom clusters in DSM-III-R, since effortful avoidance and numbing symptoms did not load on the same factor. Numbing symptoms appeared to be particularly important in identifying individuals with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The results imply that there are two patterns of posttrauma symptoms, one characterizing PTSD and the second characterizing a phobic reaction.
Development of surface display

As a methodology to develop a force feedback system, the concept of "surface displaying" is introduced. A prototype mechanism and its control system is then designed and developed. Methodology for model calculation and simulation is discussed. The idea of texture mapping in a tactile sense is suggested, and is proven to be effective. <<ETX>>
A macromolecular complex of β2 adrenergic receptor, CFTR, and ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 is regulated by PKA

It has been demonstrated previously that both the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) can bind ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50, also referred to as NHERF) through their PDZ motifs. Here, we show that β2 is the major adrenergic receptor isoform expressed in airway epithelia and that it colocalizes with CFTR at the apical membrane. β2AR stimulation increases CFTR activity, in airway epithelial cells, that is glybenclamide sensitive. Deletion of the PDZ motif from CFTR uncouples the channel from the receptor both physically and functionally. This uncoupling is specific to the β2AR receptor and does not affect CFTR coupling to other receptors (e.g., adenosine receptor pathway). Biochemical studies demonstrate the existence of a macromolecular complex involving CFTR-EBP50-β2AR through PDZ-based interactions. Assembly of the complex is regulated by PKA-dependent phosphorylation. Deleting the regulatory domain of CFTR abolishes PKA regulation of complex assembly. This report summarizes a macromolecular signaling complex involving CFTR, the implications of which may be relevant to CFTR-dysfunction diseases.
Formation tracking of fractional-order multi-agent systems based on error predictor

In this paper, formation tracking problem of fractional-order multi-agent systems is studied under fixed directed communication graph. Firstly, a control law based on error predictor is proposed to achieve formation tracking. Then, the effectiveness of the control law is proved by using matrix theory, graph theory and fractional-order theory. It is shown that the formation tracking can be achieved by using the proposed control law if and only if the directed communication graph among agents has a directed spanning tree. Finally, based on the numerical method, several simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Role of immunohistochemical markers in predicting progression of dysplasia to advanced neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis

Background: Although dysplasia is thought to be the precursor lesion in the development of colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and low‐grade (LGD) or indefinite (IND) dysplasia remain cancer‐free during endoscopic follow‐up. There is a need for biomarkers that predict neoplastic progression. We studied the value of a series of immunohistochemical markers in UC patients with flat LGD or IND with regard to neoplastic progression. Methods: Tissue samples were collected from 12 UC patients (six flat LGD, six IND) without progression and from 10 UC patients (eight flat LGD, two IND) with documented progression to HGD and/or CRC during a median of 25 and 23 months of colonoscopic follow‐up, respectively. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies was performed for p53, CD44, Ki67, AMACR, &bgr;‐catenin, cyclin D1, p21, and ALDH. Positive and negative staining patterns were compared for progression to advanced neoplasia. Results: When patients showed coexpression of p53 and AMACR, 6/7 patients (86%) developed advanced neoplasia, compared to 4/15 patients (27%) without p53/AMACR coexpression (P = 0.02). Patients with p53/AMACR coexpression developed advanced neoplasia in a time period of 19 months (median, range 1–101) compared to 80 months (median, range 8–169) in patients without p53/AMACR coexpression (P = 0.14). Interestingly, in three patients with progression and previous dysplasia‐negative biopsies, two out of three biopsies were p53‐positive a median of 12 months (range 10–14) before the LGD/IND diagnosis. Conclusions: This study suggests a role for p53/AMACR coexpression as a potential marker of neoplastic progression in patients with UC. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;)
In the Eye of the Beholder: Cross Cultural Lessons in Leadership from Project GLOBE

Executive Overview Global leadership has been identified as a critical success factor for large multinational corporations. While there is much writing on the topic, most seems to be either general advice (i.e., being open minded and respectful of other cultures) or very specific information about a particular country based on a limited case study (do not show the soles of your shoes when seated as a guest in an Arab country). Both kinds of information are certainly useful, but limited from both theoretical and practical viewpoints on how to lead in a foreign country. In this paper, findings from the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) research program are used to provide a sound basis for conceptualizing worldwide leadership differences. We use a hypothetical case of an American executive in charge of four similar teams in Brazil, France, Egypt, and China to discuss cultural implications for the American executive. Using the hypothetical case involving five different count.
The Vacuolating Virus, S.V.40

Summary The newly discovered vacuolating virus, S.V. 40, appears to be a common and essentially ubiquitous contaminant of rhesus monkey kidney cell cultures and a likely common contaminant of cynomolgus kidney cultures in which it develops to high titer without evident cytopathic change. The virus grows readily in grivet, vervet and patas kidney and in rhesus testicle cultures causing a unique cytopathology characterized by ballooning and intense vacuolation. Some biological and biophysical properties of the virus are described. Principal interest in and importance of the vacuolating virus arise from its demonstrated presence in all 3 types of Sabin's live poliovirus vaccines and in numerous respiratory virus seed lines employed in human volunteer inoculation experiments. Demonstration of the virus has raised the question of safety following administration to human subjects, especially infants, and of possible lack of validity of conclusions reached from experiments to measure neurovirulence or “genetic” markers of attenuated poliovirus vaccine strains and to determine the pathogenicity of respiratory viruses for man. The vacuolating virus is effectively dealt with in killed virus vaccines by virtue of its susceptibility to formalin. The optimal solution to the live virus vaccine problem appears to lie in elimination of the virus from such preparations.
Varicella-Zoster Virus-Infected Human Sensory Neurons Are Resistant to Apoptosis, yet Human Foreskin Fibroblasts Are Susceptible: Evidence for a Cell-Type-Specific Apoptotic Response

ABSTRACT The induction of apoptosis or programmed cell death in virus-infected cells is an important antiviral defense mechanism of the host, and some herpesviruses have evolved strategies to modulate apoptosis in order to enhance their survival and spread. In this study, we examined the ability of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) to induce apoptosis in primary human dorsal root ganglion neurons and primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). Three independent methods (annexin V, TUNEL [terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling] staining, and electron microscopy) were used to assess apoptosis in these cells on days 1, 2, and 4 postinoculation. By all three methods, apoptosis was readily detected in VZV-infected HFFs. In stark contrast, apoptosis was not detected during productive VZV infection of neurons. The low-passage clinical isolate Schenke and the tissue culture-adapted ROka strain both induced apoptosis in HFFs but not in neurons, suggesting that this cell-type-specific apoptotic phenotype was not VZV strain specific. These data show that the regulation of apoptosis differs markedly between HFFs and neurons during productive VZV infection. Inhibition of apoptosis during infection of neurons may play a significant role in the establishment, maintenance, and reactivation of latent infection by promoting survival of these postmitotic cells.
Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. The perilipin family of structural lipid droplet proteins: stabilization of lipid droplets and control of lipolysis Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 18, 2007.

The majority of eukaryotic cells synthesize neutral lipids and package them into cytosolic lipid droplets. In vertebrates, triacylglycerol-rich lipid droplets of adipocytes provide a major energy storage depot for the body, whereas cholesteryl ester-rich droplets of many other cells provide building materials for local membrane synthesis and repair. These lipid droplets are coated with one or more of five members of the perilipin family of proteins: adipophilin, TIP47, OXPAT/MLDP, S3-12, and perilipin. Members of this family share varying levels of sequence similarity, lipid droplet association, and functions in stabilizing lipid droplets. The most highly studied member of the family, perilipin, is the most abundant protein on the surfaces of adipocyte lipid droplets, and the major substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] in lipolytically stimulated adipocytes. Perilipin serves important functions in the regulation of basal and hormonally stimulated lipolysis. Under basal conditions, perilipin restricts the access of cytosolic lipases to lipid droplets and thus promotes triacylglycerol storage. In times of energy deficit, perilipin is phosphorylated by PKA and facilitates maximal lipolysis by hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase. A model is discussed whereby perilipin serves as a dynamic scaffold to coordinate the access of enzymes to the lipid droplet in a manner that is responsive to the metabolic status of the adipocyte.
Comparative Analysis of Eddy-Current Loss in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Considering PM Shape and Skew Effect Using 3-D FEA

In this paper, eddy-current loss in permanent magnets (PMs) due to the armature reaction field of a PM synchronous machine was analyzed. Various techniques, including numerical techniques such as finite element analysis (FEA), enable the accurate prediction and analysis of magnetic field distribution with saturation effects. Furthermore, the eddy-current loss can be easily analyzed using a commercial software. 3-D FEA is essential when considering the stator skew effect. In particular, the influence of time harmonics in armature current and space harmonics due to distributed magnetomotive force on the eddy current loss is thoroughly investigated and discussed on the basis of 3-D FEA.
Predictive factors for postoperative deformity in thoracolumbar burst fractures: a statistical approach.

OBJECTIVE To assess, using statistical analysis, if and to what extent the final outcome of surgical treatment for burst fractures depends on operation type, fracture level and initial deformity severity. METHODS A database of 287 patients with single-vertebral-level thoracic and lumbar spine fractures analysed using simple and multiple linear regression analyses models. The dependent variable was last follow-up (LFU) kyphotic angle and the predictor variables were operation type [anterior approach (AA), posterior short-segment fixation (PSSF) and posterior monosegmental fixation (PMF)], fracture level (T11-L1, L2-L3 and L4-L5) and preoperative kyphotic angle. The models were applied on either the whole sample or on the operation type subgroups. RESULTS In simple linear regression analysis models, fracture level accounted for 32% and 18% of the variation in LFU kyphotic angle in the AA and PMF subgroups, respectively. In the multiple linear regression models for the same subgroups, up to 40% of the variation in LFU kyphotic angle was accounted for by fracture level. Surgical treatment, as predictor variable, indicated that patients treated by PSSF developed a post-surgical kyphotic angle 8.51° more severe than those treated by AA. However, the model accounted for only 2% of the variation in LFU kyphotic angle. Simple linear regressions performed on each subgroup with preoperative kyphotic angle as the independent variable revealed that the variable accounted for 15% (PSSF subgroup), 17% (AA subgroup) and 34% (PMF subgroup) of the variation in LFU kyphotic angle. CONCLUSION All valid regression models displayed modest explanatory power, suggesting that factors other than those taken into consideration are involved.
The Origin of the Term Plasticity in the Neurosciences: Ernesto Lugaro and Chemical Synaptic Transmission

The Italian psychiatrist Ernesto Lugaro can be regarded as responsible for introducing the term plasticity into the neurosciences as early as 1906. By this term he meant that throughout life the anatomo-functional relations between neurons can change in an adaptive fashion to enable psychic maturation, learning, and even functional recovery after brain damage. Lugaro’s concept of plasticity was strongly inspired by a neural hypothesis of learning and memory put forward in 1893 by his teacher Eugenio Tanzi. Tanzi postulated that practice and experience promote neuronal growth and shorten the minute spatial gaps between functionally associated neurons, thus facilitating their interactions. In addition to discovering the cerebellar cells known by his name and advancing profound speculations about the functions of the glia, Lugaro lucidly foresaw the chemical nature of Synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, and was the first to propose the usage of the terms “nervous conduction” and “nervous transmission” in their currently accepted meaning.
Temporal motion recognition and segmentation approach

Separating or segmenting complex activities into basic action primitives is important for event recognition and other applications. In this article, simple approaches are presented for appearance‐based action recognition, as well as motion segmentation into its action primitives. Optical flow is computed and split into four channels based on four directions, namely, up, down, left, and right. Based on these four motion vectors, motion history and the corresponding energy templates are generated. These are used for action recognition. Moreover, to segment sequential activity, the temporal motion segmentation (TMS) method is proposed based on the concept of history templates. Based on the total pixel volumes on these templates and their related variations, various directions of the action primitives are segmented temporally. This segmentation method can assist an intelligent system or robot to understand activities and take decisions afterwards. It is a simple and real‐time approach. Based on the presented experiments, this approach can be very useful in various application areas. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 91–99, 2009.
Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase after Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Hyperglycemic Rats

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was involved in mediating hyperglycemia-exaggerated cerebral ischemic damage. Phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 was studied by immunocytochemistry and by Western blot analyses. Rats were subjected to 15 min of forebrain ischemia, followed by 0.5, 1, and 3 h of reperfusion under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. The results showed that in normoglycemic animals, moderate phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 was transiently induced after 0.5 h of recovery in cingulate cortex and in dentate gyrus, returning to control values thereafter. In hyperglycemic animals, phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 was markedly increased in the cingulate cortex and dentate gyrus after 0.5 h of recovery, the increases being sustained for at least 3 h after reperfusion. Hyperglycemia also induced phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in the hippocampal CA3 sector but not in the CA1 area. Thus, the distribution of phospho-ERK 1/2 coincides with hyperglycemia-recruited damage structures. The results suggest that hyperglycemia may influence the outcome of an ischemic insult by modulating signal transduction pathways involving ERK 1/2.
Meditation-Induced Psychosis

Background:Meditation is a self-regulatory psychological strategy that is frequently applied in Western as well as non-Western countries for different purposes; little is known about adverse events. Sampling and Methods: A male patient is described who developed an acute and transient psychosis with polymorphic symptomatology after meditating. A literature search for psychotic states related to meditation was carried out on PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo. Results: In the case presented a diagnosis of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder was made. Other case reports dealt with either a relapse of a pre-existent psychotic disorder or with a brief psychotic reaction in patients without a psychiatric history. Conclusion:Meditation can act as a stressor in vulnerable patients who may develop a transient psychosis with polymorphic symptomatology. The syndrome is not culture bound but sometimes classified in culture-bound taxonomies like Qi-gong Psychotic Reaction.
Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, order Perciformes

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are produced by many species of teleost fish that inhabit potentially lethal ice‐laden seawater and afford them protection from freezing. To date type I AFPs have been fully characterized in two teleost orders: Pleuronectiformes and Scorpaeniformes. In this study, we report the isolation and complete characterization of a type I AFP present in fish from a third order: cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), order Perciformes (family Labridae). This protein was purified from blood plasma and found to belong to what is now known as classical type I AFP with their small size (mass 4095.16 Da), alanine richness (> 57 mol%), high α‐helicity (> 99%) with the ability to undergo reversible thermal denaturation, 11 amino acid (ThrX10) repeat regions within the primary structure, the capacity to impart a hexagonal bipyramidal shaping to ice crystals and the conservation of an ice‐binding site found in many of the other type I AFPs. Partial de novo sequencing of the plasma AFP accounted for approximately half of the peptide mass. Sequencing of a combined liver and skin cDNA library indicated that the protein is produced without a signal sequence. In addition the translated product of the AFP cDNA suggests that it codes for the AFP isolated from plasma. These results further solidify the hypothesis that type I AFPs are multiphyletic in origin and suggest that they represent remarkable examples of convergent evolution within three orders of teleost fish.
Online low-rank similarity function learning with adaptive relative margin for cross-modal retrieval

This paper presents a Cross-Modal Online Low-Rank Similarity function learning method (CMOLRS) for cross-modal retrieval, which learns a low-rank bilinear similarity measure on data from different modalities. CMOLRS models the cross-modal relations by relative similarities on a set of training data triplets and formulates the relative relations as convex hinge loss functions. By adapting the margin of hinge loss using information from feature space and label space for each triplet, CMOLRS effectively captures the multi-level semantic correlation among cross-modal data. The similarity function is learned by online learning in the manifold of low-rank matrices, thus good scalability is gained when processing large scale datasets. Extensive experiments are conducted on three public datasets. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.