Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crosspolarization coupling measured for 800 MHz radio transmission in and around houses and large buildings

The scatter and reflectors that produce multipath propagation in the portable radiotelephone environment also scatter energy from the transmitted polarization into the orthogonal polarization. This crosspolarization coupling improves the signal quality on portable radio links by mitigating the effects of random antenna orientation and by providing an additional signal path for diversity combining. Measurements were made of crosspolarization coupling at 800 MHz within and around eight suburban houses and within two commercial buildings. Nearly complete coupling between polarization was seen for all propagation paths except for a few residential paths having high copolarized was seen for all propagation paths except for a few residential paths having high copolarized signal levels. Because of the high crosspolarization coupling, random orientation of portable radio sets will not cause significant degradation of signal quality.
Borders and boundaries in Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian: Twitter data to the rescue

In this paper we deal with the spatial distribution of 16 linguistic features known to vary between Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. We perform our analyses on a dataset of geo-encoded Twitter status messages collected in the period from mid-2013 to the end of 2016. We perform two types of analyses. The first one finds boundaries in the spatial distribution of the linguistic variable levels through the kernel density estimation smoothing technique. These boundaries are then plotted over the state borders for a visual comparison. The second analysis deals with linguistic distance between the states. The groupings of linguistic variables and countries are calculated given the state borders and the Jensen-Shannon divergence between distributions of the 16 variables within each state. This analysis is completed with a measure of variable consistency for each country. These analyses are intended to show the extent to which current state borders correspond to linguistic boundaries. They suggest that Croatia and Serbia still represent the two extremes, reflecting a history of normative divergences, while Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro, depending on the variable, lean to one or the other side.
Hydrogen‐supplemented drinking water protects cardiac allografts from inflammation‐associated deterioration

Recent evidence suggests that molecular hydrogen has therapeutic value for disease states that involve inflammation. We hypothesized that drinking hydrogen‐rich water (HW) daily would protect cardiac and aortic allograft recipients from inflammation‐associated deterioration. Heterotopic heart transplantation with short‐course tacrolimus immunosuppression and orthotopic aortic transplantation were performed in allogeneic rat strains. HW was generated either by bubbling hydrogen gas through tap water (Bu‐HW) or via chemical reaction using a magnesium stick [Mg + 2H2O → Mg (OH)2 + H2] immersed in tap water (Mg‐HW). Recipients were given either regular water (RW), Mg‐HW, Bu‐HW, or Mg‐HW that had been subsequently degassed (DW). Graft survival was assessed by daily palpation for a heartbeat. Drinking Mg‐HW or Bu‐HW was remarkably effective in prolonging heart graft survival and reducing intimal hyperplasia in transplanted aortas as compared with grafts treated with RW or DW. Furthermore, T cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in the presence of hydrogen in vitro, accompanied by less production of interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ. Hydrogen treatment was also associated with increased graft ATP levels and increased activity of the enzymes in mitochondrial respiratory chain. Drinking HW prolongs survival of cardiac allografts and reduces intimal hyperplasia of aortic allografts.
Equity and The Willingness to Pay for Green Electricity: Evidence from Germany

The production of electricity on the basis of renewable energy technologies is a classic example of an impure public good. It is often discriminatively financed by industrial and household consumers, such as in Germany, where the energy-intensive sector benefits from far-reaching exemptions, while all other electricity consumers are forced to bear a higher burden. Based on randomized information treatments in a stated-choice experiment among about 11,000 German households, we explore whether this coercive payment rule affects households’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for green electricity. Our central result is that reducing inequity by abolishing the exemption for the energy-intensive industry raises households’ WTP, a finding that may have high external validity.
Visual object tracking via LDA

Tracking-by-detection methods treat the target location as a classification problem in which the approach SVM + HOG shows a good performance. However, training a good SVM classifier is cost expensive. In this paper, we replace SVM by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for classification where the mean and covariance of negative examples are evaluated only once. Not only the training is much cheaper, but testing time is also very efficient. The proposed method uses HOG and color features. To defense partial occlusion issue, part-based tracking strategy is adopted and the model is updated according to Peak to Sidelobe Ratio (PSR) of parts. We evaluate our approach on several challenging video sequences, both qualitative and quantitative experiments show that our approach is competitive to stat-of-the-art methods and it can process 40–50 frames per second.
Sexy sons from re‐mating do not recoup the direct costs of harmful male interactions in the Drosophila melanogaster laboratory model system

The empirical foundation for sexual conflict theory is the data from many different taxa demonstrating that females are harmed while interacting with males. However, the interpretation of this keystone evidence has been challenged because females may more than counterbalance the direct costs of interacting with males by the indirect benefits of obtaining higher quality genes for their offspring. A quantification of this trade‐off is critical to resolve the controversy and is presented here. A multi‐generation fitness assay in the Drosophila melanogaster laboratory model system was used to quantify both the direct costs to females due to interactions with males and indirect benefits via sexy sons. We specifically focus on the interactions that occur between males and nonvirgin females. In the laboratory environment of our base population, females mate soon after eclosion and store sufficient sperm for their entire lifetime, yet males persistently court these nonvirgin females and frequently succeed in re‐mating them. Females may benefit from these interactions despite direct costs to their lifetime fecundity if re‐mating allows them to trade‐up to mates of higher genetic quality and thereby secure indirect benefits for their offspring. We found that direct costs of interactions between males and nonvirgin females substantially exceeded indirect benefits through sexy sons. These data, in combination with past studies of the good genes route of indirect benefits, demonstrate that inter‐sexual interactions drive sexually antagonistic co‐evolution in this model system.
Clinical safety and effectiveness of collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection in patients with Peyronie's disease: a phase 3 open-label study.

INTRODUCTION Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH; Xiaflex, Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chesterbrook, PA, USA) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved, intralesional treatment for Peyronie's disease (PD). AIM The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of CCH in the treatment of PD. METHODS This phase 3, open-label study enrolled subjects who were CCH-naïve, were enrolled in a previous pharmacokinetic study, or had received placebo in an earlier phase 2 CCH study. Each treatment cycle included two intralesional injections of CCH 0.58 mg, approximately 24-72 hours apart, and plaque modeling 24-72 hours after the second injection of each cycle. The treatment cycle was repeated after 6 weeks for ≤4 treatment cycles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The co-primary end points were the mean percent change in penile curvature deformity and the mean improvement in PD bother score (range 0-16) from baseline to week 36. RESULTS Of the 347 subjects treated with ≥1 injection, 238 had both a penile curvature measurement and a Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire response at baseline and ≥1 subsequent time point. Mean baseline penile curvature deformity was 53.0° and mean PD symptom bother was 7.3. Statistically significant mean improvements from baseline to week 36 were observed in both penile curvature deformity (34.4% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 31.2%, 37.6%]) and PD symptom bother score (3.3 [95% CI, 2.8, 3.7]). Most adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in severity and local to the penis. There were three serious treatment-related AEs, two penile hematomas and one corporal rupture; all resolved with treatment. CONCLUSIONS Potentially clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in penile curvature deformity and PD symptom bother scores were observed with intralesional injection of CCH compared with baseline in men with PD. CCH was generally well tolerated, with AEs primarily transient and local to injection site. In conjunction with previous studies, the results of this open-label study support the use of CCH in the treatment of PD.
Congestion control in wireless sensor network using hybrid epidermic and DAIPaS approach

Wireless sensor network is a distributed system for sensing and monitoring the incorporated environment. Generally congestion in WSN network occurs due to transmission of packet in the inappropriate path from source to destination. Congestion in network creates additional load to the network. In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Congestion is one of the deemed challenge which reduces the resource and number of nodes deployed in the network. In WSN congestion need to be minimized through effective approach to increase the performance of network. In past few decades numerous number of routing protocol has been developed for detection and control of congestion in WSN. For congestion control in WSN, there is a need to locate and identify routing information about each node in the network for effective transmission path identification from source node to destination node. In this research, we propose a hybrid Dynamic Alternative Path Selection (DalPaS) approach for congestion control in WSN. Data aggregation is done by the node in the network in order to reduce the congestion among the network path in the network. For performance evaluation of the WSN hybrid epidermic algorithm is proposed.
Bortezomib for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Introduction: Bortezomib, the first proteasome inhibitor (PI) to be evaluated in humans, is approved in the USA and Europe for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, and in the USA for patients with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Areas covered: This review examines the role of bortezomib in the therapy of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Bortezomib may be particularly effective against the NF-κB-dependent activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The combination of bortezomib with rituximab and dexamethasone represents a standard approach for the treatment of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and that with bendamustine and rituximab has demonstrated excellent efficacy in follicular lymphoma. Combinations with other novel agents, such as inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases or histone deacetylases, also hold substantial promise in NHL. Unmet needs in NHL, competitor compounds, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety and tolerability of bortezomib are also discussed. Expert opinion: The success of bortezomib in MCL has validated the proteasome as a therapeutic target in NHL. Rational combinations, for example, with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors or BH3-mimetics, may hold the key to optimizing the therapeutic potential of PIs in NHL. Future trials are likely to involve newer agents with improved pharmacodynamic (e.g., carfilzomib, marizomib) or pharmacokinetic (e.g., ixazomib, oprozomib) properties.
Quantification of naive and memory T-cell turnover during HIV-1 infection

Background:In HIV infection, the homeostasis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is dramatically disturbed, and several studies have pointed out that T-cell turnover rates are increased. To understand how the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell pools are affected, it is important to have quantitative insights into the lifespans of the cells constituting the different T-lymphocyte populations. Methods:We used long-term in-vivo 2H2O labeling and mathematical modeling to estimate the average lifespans of naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in untreated (n = 4) and combination antiretroviral therapy-treated (n = 3) HIV-1-infected individuals. Results:During untreated chronic HIV-1 infection, naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells lived on average 618 and 271 days, whereas memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells had average lifespans of 53 and 43 days, respectively. These lifespans were at least three-fold shorter than those in healthy controls (n = 5). In patients on effective combination antiretroviral therapy with total CD4+ T-cell counts in the normal range, we found that naive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lifespans had not completely normalized and were still two-fold shortened. Conclusion:The average lifespan of both naive and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased during untreated chronic HIV-1 infection. Although the turnover of the memory T-cell populations nearly normalized during effective treatment, the turnover of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not seem to normalize completely.
DO UNUSUAL SITE-SPECIFIC POPULATION DYNAMICS OF RODENT RESERVOIRS PROVIDE CLUES TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HANTAVIRUSES?

Between January 1995 and November 1997, longitudinal mark-recapture studies of rodent hosts of hantaviruses in a disturbed microhabitat within a shortgrass prairie ecosystem in southeastern Colorado (USA) were conducted. The site was distinguished by edaphic and floristic characteristics unique to this area and associated with historical land use patterns, as well as the year-around availability of water from a functioning windmill. Populations of two common rodent species that are hosts for hantaviruses, Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis, had unusually rapid turnover, a younger age structure, and a much lower prevalence of antibody to Sin Nombre virus than did populations at nearby sites in more typical shortgrass prairie and canyon habitats. Based on these findings, we suggest that a stable resident population of the reservoir is critical to the maintenance of hantaviruses at a given site, and we hypothesize that long-lived, persistently infected rodents are the principal transseasonal reservoir of hantaviruses.
Small-Signal Analysis of Ultra-High-Speed Multi-Mode VCSELs

In this paper, we show that the dynamic performance of multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be modeled by single-mode rate equations developed for edge emitters as long as the lasing modes share a common carrier reservoir. However, this assumption does not hold for ultra-high performing VCSEL devices. Due to the high photon densities inside these optimized VCSELs, the common carrier reservoir splits up as a result of the spatial hole burning effect. This is caused by the high intensity of the multiple transverse modes. In this case, a small-signal modulation response with a different shape is expected. We derive an easy-to-apply fitting function, which allows the extraction of consistently expanded figures of merit. This novel function works for all VCSELs, particularly, including devices with carrier reservoir splitting. Furthermore, we use this new model to perform a detailed analysis of our latest VCSEL generation with a modulation bandwidth of up to 32.7 GHz.
Industrialization of mAb production technology: The bioprocessing industry at a crossroads

Manufacturing processes for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have evolved tremendously since the first licensed mAb product (OKT3) in 1986. The rapid growth in product demand for mAbs triggered parallel efforts to increase production capacity through construction of large bulk manufacturing plants as well as improvements in cell culture processes to raise product titers. This combination has led to an excess of manufacturing capacity, and together with improvements in conventional purification technologies, promises nearly unlimited production capacity in the foreseeable future. The increase in titers has also led to a marked reduction in production costs, which could then become a relatively small fraction of sales price for future products which are sold at prices at or near current levels. The reduction of capacity and cost pressures for current state-of-the-art bulk production processes may shift the focus of process development efforts and have important implications for both plant design and product development strategies for both biopharmaceutical and contract manufacturing companies.
Determinants of eco-innovations in Brazilian firms : a review

For many years, the imperatives of innovation have been oriented to competitiveness achievement, not to environmental concerns. The debates about the role of governments, business, citizens and the diversity of global and social actors in seeking answers to short and long term environmental problems, especially related to greenhouse gases emissions have increased. This paper provides an overview of the recent body of literature in the field of eco-innovations in Brazil, identifying determinants and impacts of the adoption by the firms. It also contributes to the discussion of the relationship between Brazilian policies and regulations and the implementation of eco-innovations by Brazilian firms. The study analysed data from empirical studies in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO. Although ecological issues became part of the innovation agenda and eco-innovation is already a crucial field, Brazil lacks specific literature on the area and needs to advance a local discussion. With a tradition of having a very bureaucratic public administration which is sensitive to political interference, the innovation policies did not deal with environmental issues until very recently. Environmental and innovation policies should be aligned, complementing each other.
Hydration and dehydration periods of crown fragments prior to reattachment.

INTRODUCTION Tooth fragment bonding is an excellent treatment option in dealing with traumatic injuries of the anterior teeth. Rewetting the tooth fragment has been shown to increase restoration durability. The present study examined the effect various dry and wet storage periods had on the reattached fragment's bond to the tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eight human mandibular incisors were fractured and assigned to undergo a dehydration period of 30 minutes, six hours, 24 hours, or three days before the rewetting procedure. After fracturing the teeth and drying the fragments, each of the specimens was assigned to one of the three main groups (A, B, or C) intended to evaluate the effect of different rehydration periods. Groups A and B underwent a 30-minute and a 24-hour rewetting period, respectively. Group C served as a control (without a rewetting stage). Tooth fragments were then reattached and prepared for the strength test. Force was applied on the lingual side of the tooth at a 1 mm/min rate until failure. RESULTS The mean loads (N) required to fracture the restored teeth were as follows: 204.43 ± 33.48 N, 322.59 ± 34.62 N, and 253.25 ± 29.05 N for groups A, B, and C, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance (p<0.05) showed that rehydration and dehydration periods as well as their interaction caused significant differences in the strength of the final restoration. Multiple comparison tests showed that, in general, significant differences were not seen among different dehydration times prior to the rewetting stage (p>0.05), except in the case of the 30-minute dehydrated specimens (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Compared to a 30-minute period, a 24-hour rehydration of the tooth fragment before treatment seems to salvage enough moisture to result in an increase in reattachment strength.
Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of a High Resolution CMOS Based Detector Under X-Ray Imaging Conditions

Fundamental imaging performance in terms of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) and Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) was investigated for a high resolution CMOS based imaging sensor. The device consists of a 33.91 mg/cm2 Gd2O2S:Tb scintillator screen, placed in direct contact with a CMOS photodiode array. The CMOS photodiode array, featuring 1200×1600 pixels with a pixel pitch of 22.5 μm, was used as an optical photon detector. In addition to the conventional frequency dependent parameters characterizing image quality, image information content was assessed through the application of information capacity (IC). The MTF was measured using the slanted-edge method to avoid aliasing while the Normalized NPS (NNPS) was determined by two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transforming of uniformly exposed images. Both measurements were performed under the representative radiation quality (RQA) settings, RQA-5 (70 kVp digital-radiography) and RQA-M2 (28 kVp digital-mammography) recommended by the International Electrotechnical Commission Reports 62220-1 and 62220-1-2 respectively. The DQE was assessed from the measured MTF, NPS and the direct entrance surface air-Kerma (ESAK) obtained from X-ray spectra measurement with a portable cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector. The ESAK values ranged between 11-87 μGy for RQA-5 and 6-40 μGy for RQA-M2. Additionally the output electrons per X-ray photon of the detector and its signal transfer characteristics were assessed via an analytical model, within the framework of the linear cascaded systems (LCS) theory. It was found that the detector response function was linear for the exposure ranges under investigation. Additionally our results showed that for the same RQA quality the output electrons per X-ray photon, as well as the measured and analytically predicted MTF, were not significantly affected by ESAK. MTF and DQE where found better compared to previously published data for other CCD and CMOS sensors, while the NNPS appeared to be comparable in the frequency range under investigation (0-10 cycles/mm).
Cancellation of Raman soliton self-frequency shift by cross-phase modulation

In this paper, we present the experimental demonstration of cross-phase modulation-induced Raman soliton self frequency-shift (SSFS) cancellation. Experiment is based on the use of highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers which has been proved to be an excellent medium to observe cross-phase modulation-induced frequency-shift phenomena in the context of supercontinuum generation.