Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le couple pratique-recherche. Divorce, mariage ou union libre?

For twenty years, contributions in organization studies argued that research have become less and less useful to practitioners. Most of them suggest that research should be concerned with concrete problems that firms are facing. Drawing from a new representation of relationships between academics and practitioners, we propose to overcome the debate on research usefulness to stress that the creation and diffusion process of constructs and theories can be analogized with the garbage can model. We discuss the consequences of such a representation.
Conception rate of artificially inseminated Holstein cows affected by cloudy vaginal mucus, under intense heat conditions

The objective of this work was to obtain prevalence estimates of cloudy vaginal mucus in artificially inseminated Holstein cows raised under intense heat, in order to assess the effect of meteorological conditions on its occurrence during estrus and to determine its effect on conception rate. In a first study, an association was established between the occurrence of cloudy vaginal mucus during estrus and the conception rate of inseminated cows (18,620 services), raised under intense heat (mean annual temperature of 22°C), at highly technified farms, in the arid region of northern Mexico. In a second study, data from these large dairy operations were used to assess the effect of meteorological conditions throughout the year on the occurrence of cloudy vaginal mucus during artificial insemination (76,899 estruses). The overall rate of estruses with cloudy vaginal mucus was 21.4% (16,470/76,899; 95% confidence interval = 21.1-21.7%). The conception rate of cows with clean vaginal mucus was higher than that of cows with abnormal mucus (30.6 vs. 22%). Prevalence of estruses with cloudy vaginal mucus was strongly dependent on high ambient temperature and markedly higher in May and June. Acceptable conception rates in high milk-yielding Holstein cows can only be obtained with cows showing clear and translucid mucus at artificial insemination.
A new improved algorithm of leach protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted many researches. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging technology used for various applications such as military surveillance, emergency situations, habitat monitoring, automation, agriculture, and health care. Energy efficiency is the major challenging issue In wireless sensor networks as it affects the network lifetime and stability. In this paper, we propose a new improved algorithm of LEACH protocol for WSN based on distance and the total energy of clusters to minimize the energy consumption of nodes and extend the life of the network.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Studies on Leaf and Root Extracts of Asclepias Curassavica (L).

Asclepias curassavica like most of the medicinal plants has highest significance for its valuable secondary metabolites (glycosides and saponins). The clones produced thereof hence need to maintain their absolute genetic stability so that no unwanted variation in secondary metabolite yield can occur. Plant extracts that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms without harming the host may have potential application as therapeutic agents. Hence the present study was performed to investigate the antibacterial activity of leaves and roots of different solvent (petroleum spirit, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) extracts by employing well diffusion techniques with some human pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. Maximum diversity of chemical constituents was found in methanol and petroleum spirit extracts in both samples tested. The methanol and petroleum spirit extracts were found active against most of the tested pathogenic bacteria as they showed potential phytochemical constituents. Among the tested species Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae showed greatest sensitivity against methanol and petroleum spirit root extracts which prove that the plant extracts are potential candidates for antibiotic resistance against such bacteria.
Breakthrough Technologies Gene Trapping with Firefly Luciferase in Arabidopsis . Tagging of Stress-Responsive Genes 1 [ w ]

To monitor the expression of T-DNA-tagged plant genes in vivo, a collection of 20,261 transgenic lines of Arabidopsis (Columbia-0) were generated with the promoter trap vector pTluc, which carries a promoterless firefly luc (luciferase) reporter gene linked to the right T-DNA border. By detection of bioluminescence in 3-week-old seedlings, 753 lines were identified showing constitutive, organ-specific, and stress-responsive luciferase expression patterns. To facilitate the identification of well-defined luciferase expression patterns, a pooled seed stock was established. Several lines showed sugar, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible luciferase activity. Segregation analysis of 215 promoter trap lines indicated that about 50% of plants contained single insertions, whereas 40% carried two and 10% carried three or more T-DNA tags. Sequencing the T-DNA insert junctions isolated from 17 luciferase-expressing lines identified T-DNA tags in 5 and 3 -transcribed domains and translational gene fusions generated by T-DNA insertions in exons and introns of Arabidopsis genes. Tissue specific expression of eight wild-type Arabidopsis genes was confirmed to be similar to the luminescence patterns observed in the corresponding luciferase-tagged lines. Here, we describe the characterization of a transcriptional luc reporter gene fusion with the WBC-type ABC transporter gene At1g17840. Expression of wild-type and luciferase-tagged At1g17840 alleles revealed similar induction by salt, glucose, and ABA treatments and gibberellin-mediated down-regulation of ABA-induced expression. These results illustrate that luciferase gene traps are well suited for monitoring the expression of stress-responsive Arabidopsis genes in vivo.
Gadolinium‐based contrast agents: A comprehensive risk assessment

Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since the 1980s and are now administered in up to 35% of all MRI examinations. While GBCAs were initially felt to carry minimal risk, the subsequent identification of GBCAs as the key etiologic factor in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) has raised concerns about the broader health impacts of gadolinium exposure. Clinicians, radiologists, and patients should be aware of the most up‐to‐date data pertaining to the risks of GBCA administration. Specific issues covered in this review article include immediate adverse reactions; pregnancy and lactation; and gadolinium deposition and toxicity, with a special focus on NSF. Practice recommendations based on the presented data, as well as current professional society guidelines, are provided for each section.
Design method of rotor core shape for improving efficiency of switched reluctance generator

The efficiency of switched reluctance generator (SRG) is related to stator and rotor core shapes and its control method. This paper focuses a rotor core design improving efficiency. First inductance curves of high efficient switched reluctance motor (SRM) are calculated by using magnetic field analysis with 2D finite element method. Next the inductance curves are used as the Simulink model of SRM. Also the modified inductance curves [1] are evaluated to find out a suitable inductance curve improving the efficiency of SRG. After comparing the efficiencies for modified inductance curves, the most suitable inductance curve is selected. Then a new rotor core shape is designed to match the selected suitable inductance curve. Furthermore the efficiency of SRG using the designed rotor core shape is improved.
Developing and evaluating a mobile driver fatigue detection network based on electroencephalograph signals

The rapid development of driver fatigue detection technology indicates important significance of traffic safety. The authors’ main goals of this Letter are principally three: (i) A middleware architecture, defined as process unit (PU), which can communicate with personal electroencephalography (EEG) node (PEN) and cloud server (CS). The PU receives EEG signals from PEN, recognises the fatigue state of the driver, and transfer this information to CS. The CS sends notification messages to the surrounding vehicles. (ii) An android application for fatigue detection is built. The application can be used for the driver to detect the state of his/her fatigue based on EEG signals, and warn neighbourhood vehicles. (iii) The detection algorithm for driver fatigue is applied based on fuzzy entropy. The idea of 10-fold cross-validation and support vector machine are used for classified calculation. Experimental results show that the average accurate rate of detecting driver fatigue is about 95%, which implying that the algorithm is validity in detecting state of driver fatigue.
Frameworks compiled from declarations: a language‐independent approach

Programming frameworks are an accepted fixture in the object‐oriented world, motivated by the need for code reuse, developer guidance and restriction. A new trend is emerging where frameworks require domain experts to provide declarations using a domain‐specific language, influencing the structure and behaviour of the resulting application. These mechanisms address concerns such as user privacy. Although many popular open platforms such as Android are based on declaration‐driven frameworks, current implementations provide ad hoc and narrow solutions to concerns raised by their openness to non‐certified developers. Most widely used frameworks fail to address serious privacy leaks and provide the user with little insight into application behaviour. To address these shortcomings, we show that declaration‐driven frameworks can limit privacy leaks, as well as guide developers, independently from the underlying programming paradigm. To do so, we identify concepts that underlie declaration‐driven frameworks and apply them systematically to an object‐oriented language, Java and a dynamic functional language, Racket. The resulting programming framework generators are used to develop a prototype mobile application, illustrating how we mitigate a common class of privacy leaks. Finally, we explore the possible design choices and propose development principles for developing domain‐specific language compilers to produce frameworks, applicable across a spectrum of programming paradigms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro renal toxicity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine cryptococcosis of amphotericin B (Fungizone) associated with Intralipid

We compared the experimental toxicities and activities of deoxycholate amphotericin B (d-AmB) dissolved in glucose (Dd-AmB) or mixed with 20% Intralipid (ILd-AmB). In vitro, ILd-AmB against renal tubular cells in primary culture. In vivo, the toxicities and activities of Dd-AmB and ILd-AmB were studied in DBA2 mice with cryptococcosis. The maximum tolerated dose of intravenously administered d-AmB, i.e., the dose that induced less than 15% mortality because of toxicity, was 1.7 to 2.5 times higher when it was administered as ILd-AmB than when it was administered as Dd-AmB. Both treatments given intravenously at the same dose were equivalent for improving the survival of mice and reducing CFU counts in infected tissue, but at maximum tolerated doses, ILd-AmB (2 mg/kg of body weight) was more effective than Dd-AmB (0.8 to 1.2 mg/kg). AmB concentrations in spleen, liver, lung, and kidney were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography 4 and 24 h after a single injection of 1.2 mg of Dd-AmB per kg, 1.2 mg of ILd-AmB per kg, or 2 mg of ILd-AmB per kg. In a given organ, AmB levels were similar after administration of 1.2 mg of Dd-AmB or ILd-AmB per kg but were significantly higher after administration of 2 mg of ILd-AmB per kg. The lower level of toxicity of ILd-AmB might be explained by circular dichroism experiments, showing that ILd-AmB contained 10-fold less soluble oligomeric AmB, which is believed to be the toxic form of the drug, than Dd-AmB. We conclude that ILd-AmB is as efficient as Dd-AmB and is better tolerated than Dd-AmB in mice with experimental cryptococcosis. By allowing higher doses of AmB to be infused, Intralipid enhances AmB concentrations in infected sites, and thus the therapeutic activity of the drug.
Highly specific and sensitive detection of malignancy in urine samples from patients with urothelial cancer by CD44v8–10/CD44v10 competitive RT‐PCR

CD44 is a widely expressed cell surface adhesion molecule in which various isoforms arise from alternative RNA splicing mechanism. Overexpression of specific CD44 splice variant, i.e., CD44v8–10, has been found in several human malignancies and is considered to be associated with tumor progression and metastasis. We have demonstrated a novel molecular approach, CD44v8–10/CD44v10 competitive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (CC‐RT‐PCR) for the detection of cancer cells overexpressing CD44v8–10 by the measurement of the transcriptional level of CD44v8–10 relative to that of CD44v10 (v8–10/v10 ratio). In this study, we initially examined the expression of CD44 splice variants in human urothelial cancers and their adjacent normal urinary tissues by RT‐PCR. Any CD44 variant isoforms were barely detectable in normal urinary tissues, whereas CD44v8–10 was predominantly expressed in 23 of the 30 (77%) urothelial cancer specimens. We then applied CC‐RT‐PCR to spontaneously voided urine samples from patients with 80 urothelial cancer and 50 various benign urologic diseases. The CC‐RT‐PCR analysis revealed that all of the samples associated with benign diseases presented a predominant expression of the CD44v10 transcript (the v8–10/v10 ratios = 0.00–0.87), whereas 62 of the 80 samples associated with urothelial cancers mostly expressed the CD44v8–10 transcript (the v8–10/v10 ratios > 1.00). In addition, the positivity rate obtained by the CC‐RT‐PCR analysis was high regardless of the pathological grade of the urothelial cancers, although the sensitivity of the cytological examination declined with decreasing tumor grade. Our findings suggest strongly that CC‐RT‐PCR is a non‐invasive useful tool for the diagnosis of urine samples from patients with urothelial cancer. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 79:560–564, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Profiling the PM 2.5 mass concentration vertical distribution in the boundary layer

Abstract. Fine particles (PM2.5) affect human life and activities directly; the detection of PM2.5 mass concentration profile is very essential due to its practical and scientific significance (such as the quantification of air quality and its variability as well as the assessment of improving air quality forecast). But so far, it has been difficult to detect PM2.5 mass concentration profile. The proposed methodology to study the relationship between aerosol extinction coefficient and PM2.5 mass concentration is described, which indicates that the PM2.5 mass concentration profile could be retrieved by combining a charge-coupled device (CCD) side-scatter lidar with a PM2.5 sampling detector. When the relative humidity is less than 70 %, PM2.5, mass concentration is proportional to the aerosol extinction coefficient, and then the specific coefficient can be calculated. Through this specific coefficient, aerosol extinction profile is converted to PM2.5 mass concentration profile. Three cases of clean night (on 21 September 2014), pollutant night (on 17 March 2014), and heavy pollutant night (on 13 February 2015) are studied. The characteristics of PM2.5 mass concentration profile at the near-ground level during the cases of these 3 nights in the western suburb of Hefei city were discussed. The PM2.5 air pollutant concentration is comparatively large close to the surface and varies with time and altitude. The experiment results show that the CCD side-scatter lidar combined with a PM2.5 detector is an effective and new method to explore pollutant mass concentration profile at the near-ground level.
Stability and Stabilization of Multidimensional Input/Output Systems

In this paper we discuss stability and stabilization of continuous and discrete multidimensional input/output (IO) behaviors (of dimension $r$) which are described by linear systems of complex partial differential (resp., difference) equations with constant coefficients, where the signals are taken from various function spaces, in particular from those of polynomial-exponential functions. Stability is defined with respect to a disjoint decomposition of the $r$-dimensional complex space into a stable and an unstable region, with the standard stable region in the one-dimensional continuous case being the set of complex numbers with negative real part. A rational function is called stable if it has no poles in the unstable region. An IO behavior is called stable if the characteristic variety of its autonomous part has no points in the unstable region. This is equivalent to the stability of its transfer matrix and an additional condition. The system is called stabilizable if there is a compensator IO system such that the output feedback system is well-posed and stable. We characterize stability and stabilizability and construct all stabilizing compensators of a stabilizable IO system (parametrization). The theorems and proofs are new but essentially inspired and influenced by and related to the stabilization theorems concerning multidimensional IO maps as developed, for instance, by Bose, Guiver, Shankar, Sule, Xu, Lin, Ying, Zerz, and Quadrat and, of course, the seminal papers of Vidyasagar, Youla, and others in the one-dimensional case. In contrast to the existing literature, the theorems and proofs of this paper do not need or employ the so-called fractional representation approach, i.e., various matrix fraction descriptions of the transfer matrix, thus avoiding the often lengthy matrix computations and seeming to be of interest even for one-dimensional systems (at least to the author). An important mathematical tool, new in systems theory, is Gabriel’s localization theory which, only in the case of ideal-convex (Shankar, Sule) unstable regions, coincides with the usual one. Algorithmic tests for stability, stabilizability, and ideal-convexity, and the algorithmic construction of stabilizing compensators, are addressed but still encounter many difficulties; see in particular the open problems listed by Xu e
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: A multicenter study in China

A large‐scale epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer in China is indicated because of the implications for the development of diagnostic probes and vaccines against cervical cancer. A total of 809 cervical cancer specimens were collected from 5 regions in China including Shanghai, Guangzhou, Sichuan, Beijing and Hong Kong. HPV DNA was detected in 83.7% of the specimens. HPV‐16 was present in 79.6%, HPV‐18 in 7.5%, HPV‐52 in 2.6% and HPV‐58 in 3.8% of all HPV‐positive specimens. The prevalences of HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 in Hong Kong were 61.7 and 14.8%, respectively, representing a lower HPV‐16 and a higher HPV‐18 proportion compared with the other regions. HPV‐16 remained the most common HPV infection in both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). The proportion of HPV‐18 infection was significantly higher in AC than in SCC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multilayer perceptrons as labelers for hidden Markov models

A novel combination of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and hidden Markov models (HMMs) is presented. Instead of using MLPs as probability generators for HMMs, the authors propose to use MLPs as labelers for discrete parameter HMM's. Compared with the probabilistic interpretation of MLPs, this gives them the advantage of flexibility in system design (e.g., the use of word models instead of phonetic models while using the same MLPs). Moreover, since they do not need to reach a global minimum, they can do with MLPs with fewer hidden nodes, which can be trained faster. In addition, they do not need to retrain the MLPs with segmentations generated by a Viterbi alignment. Compared with Euclidean labeling, their method has the advantages of needing fewer HMM parameters per state and obtaining a higher recognition accuracy. Several improvements of the baseline MLP labeling are investigated. When using one MLP, the best results are obtained when giving the labels a fuzzy interpretation. It is also possible to use parallel MLPs where each is based on a different parameter set (e.g., basic parameters, their time derivatives, and their second-order time derivatives). This strategy increases the recognition results considerably. A final improvement is the training of MLPs for subphoneme classification. >
THE CORRELATION OF A RELATIONSHIP WITH INDIVIDUAL STAKEHOLDERS OF LIFELONG LEARNING INSTITUTIONS – THE CASE OF CROATIA

In this paper, public and/or nonprofit institutions of lifelong learning in Croatia have been analysed. The main issue of the research is the correlation between the established relationships with the individual target groups of lifelong learning institutions. The verification of the research objectives is based on the measuring of two constructs by a specially designed questionnaire. The relationship implied by the research objectives will be empirically analysed and partially confirmed on a random sample of Croatian institutions of lifelong learning. After determining the level of target group relationships for each stakeholder, a correlation analysis between certain established relationships towards specific stakeholder groups was performed. The results of this study imply the existence of a correlation between certain established relationships by individual stakeholders and also of the fact that institutions regard all stakeholders as important. There is a high correlation connection between all individually established relationships towards all stakeholder groups.
Endothelin ETA- and ETB-Receptor‐Mediated Vasoconstriction in Rat Pulmonary Arteries and Arterioles

Summary: We investigated the endothelin (ET) receptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses to ET-1 in rat pulmonary arteries and arterioles and the effect of endo-thelium removal, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition, and hypoxia on ET-1-induced responses in the arteries. In isolated rat pulmonary artery rings (2–3 mm ID) prepared from the pulmonary artery branch before its entry into the lung, ET-1-induced vasoconstrictor responses. These responses were mediated by the ETA receptor as they were competitively antagonized by the ETA receptor antagonist FR 139317, and the ETB-receptor agonist sarafotoxin S6c (SXS6c) was a very weak vasoconstrictor in these vessels, inducing maximum contractions only 9% of those of ET-1. In contrast, in rat intrapulmonary resistance arteries (100–150 μm ID), SXS6c induced FR 139317-resistant contractions, and these vessels were more sensitive to SXS6c than to ET-1. SXS6c produced maximum contractions 92% those of ET-1, suggesting that ET-1-induced contractions were mediated by the ETB receptor in these resistance vessels. In the larger pulmonary arteries, the NO synthase inhibitor L-N ω ni-troarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 μM) potentiated responses to ET-1, an effect that was reversed by FR 139317. Endothelium removal also potentiated response to ET-1, and L-NAME had no effect on ET-1 responses in endothelium-denuded vessels, suggesting that in these vessels the ETA receptor-mediated responses to ET-1 are normally suppressed by endothelium-derived NO. Hypoxia did not affect the sensitivity of the vessels to ET-1, but did increase the ability of FR 139317 to antagonise these responses. L-NAME did not affect responses to SXS6c in pulmonary resistance vessels.