Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tillage; Residue and nutrient management on top soil carbon stocks and soil labile organic carbon fractions in the Indo-gangetic plains of north west India: A review

Conservation management approaches focusing on minimizing soil disturbance maximizing soil cover, and stimulating biological activity can be achieved with different cropping choices and production goals in different environments all around the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North West, India. Therefore, review was presented in this paper to investigate the interactive effects of tillage; residue and nutrient management on top soil carbon stocks and soil labile organic carbon fractions. The proportion of SMBC as mineralizable C decreased with depth. Mean values across soil depths and nutrient supply options, the abundance of these four OOC fractions was in the order CNL (7.04gkg–1) >CL (2.02gkg–1) >CVL (1.35gkg–1) >CLL (0.75gkg–1). The zero tillage practice in wheat increased the organic carbon content and carbon stock as compared to conventional tillage in soils. The zero tillage increased dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon light and heavy fractions of carbon in soils at upper layers of the depths. The light and heavy fraction carbon values were observed to be lower in lighter textured soil which increased with increase in fineness of the texture. Soil organic C (SOC) was highly affected by tillage, cropping sequence, and N fertilization. The SOC stock varied under different treatments from 26.9 to 30.8, 17.7 to 21.2, 15.7 to 23.3 and 7.21 to 9.82 Mg ha-1 at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth. The topsoil (0–20 cm) had the maximum levels of cumulative SOC storage in the 1 m soil depth for the CK, N, NP, FYM, NP+S and NP+FYM treatments, accounting for 24%, 23%, 27%, 30%, 31% and 31%, respectively. At the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm soil layers, the SOC stocks of the NP, FYM, NP+S and NP+FYM treatments were significantly higher by 17%, 21%, 25% and 37% and 5.3%, 8.1%, 7.3% and 11%, respectively, than that of the CK. The SOC stock decreased markedly with increasing soil profile depth irrespective of treatments.
The interminable issue of effectiveness: substantive purposes, outcomes and research challenges in the advancement of environmental impact assessment theory

An analysis of studies of the outcomes of environmental impact assessment (EIA) indicates that its role in consent and design decisions is limited, due primarily to passive integration with the decision processes it is intended to inform. How much EIA helps sustainable development is largely unknown, but it is hypothesised that it is more than is typically assumed, through a plethora of causes, including emancipation of stakeholders and incremental change in the bureaucracy, companies and scientific institutions. To enhance the effectiveness of EIA, research should focus more on theory about the nature and operation of diverse causal processes, even though the concepts, methods and analytical challenges would be substantial.
Comparative Study of Image Denoise Algorithms

Denoising is a pre-processing step in digital image processing system. It is also typical image processing challenges. Many works proposed to solve problem with new approaching. They can be divided into two main categories: spatial-based or transform-based. Some denoising methods apply in both spatial and transform domains. The goal of this paper focuses on reviewing denoise methods, classifying them into different categories, and identifying new trends. Moreover, we do experiments to compare pros, cons of methods in survey.
Sitagliptin for Elderly Patients Aged 75 Years or Older with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes with Common Antidiabetes Treatments

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes aged 75 years or older versus those aged 65 - 74 years. Methods: Outpatients aged 65 years or older with type 2 diabetes who received sitagliptin at a dose of 50 mg daily for 6 months were divided into two groups: those who were 75 years and older and those who were 65 - 74 years. The efficacy and safety were retrospectively evaluated by comparison of laboratory values before and after the administration of sitagliptin and by review of adverse events after treatment. Results: One hundred and twelve older patients with type 2 diabetes were studied. Six months after the initiation of sitagliptin, participants’ hemoglobin A1c was significantly decreased by 1.09% ± 0.8% in 65 - 74-year-olds (66 patients; mean age, 69.1 ± 3.0 years; mean HbA1c before administration, 8.4% ± 0.8%) and by 1.05% ± 0.8% in patients 75 years or older (46 patients; mean age, 79.8 ± 4.1 years; mean HbA1c before administration, 8.5% ± 0.7%). There was no significant difference in hemoglobin A1c between the two groups. Furthermore, sitagliptin was well tolerated in both age groups. Conclusions: In elderly patients (75 years or older) with type 2 diabetes, the effect of sitagliptin was similar that in older patients (younger than 75 years) with type 2 diabetes.
Interpreting successful lingua-franca interaction. An analysis of non-native-/non-native small talk conversation in English

In the last few decades, English has become the most widely spread global lingua franca. Being used as a means of communication by non-native speakers of different linguistic and cultural background, norms for the use of lingua franca English cannot be negotiated and established as with a traditional speech community. After explaining the characteristics of 'small talk' produced by speakers using lingua franca English, this paper offers methods of analysis and interpretation which address the specific character of lingua franca data.
Disorder from order among anisotropic next-nearest-neighbor Ising spin chains in SrHo 2 O 4

In this study, we describe why Ising spin chains with competing interactions in SrHo2O4 segregate into ordered and disordered ensembles at low temperatures (T). Using elastic neutron scattering, magnetization, and specific heat measurements, the two distinct spin chains are inferred to have Neel (↑↓↑↓) and double-Neel (↑↑↓↓) ground states, respectively. Below TN = 0.68(2)K, the Neel chains develop three-dimensional long range order (LRO), which arrests further thermal equilibration of the double-Neel chains so they remain in a disordered incommensurate state for T below TS = 0.52(2)K. SrHo2O4 distills an important feature of incommensurate low dimensional magnetism: kinetically trapped topological defects in a quasi–d–dimensional spin system can preclude order in d + 1 dimensions.
Counting of cells in organs, nuclei or ganglia is crucial to assess effects of agents, treatments or genes, and for quantitation of processes in development, aging

methods to quantify microscopic particles in tissues. The c o nventional profile-based ("model-based" or "2D-") counting methods have been criticized for their potential biases due to assumptions about shapes, sizes, and orientation of particles when converting profile counts into cell numbers. New stereological methods ("designbased" or "3D-") methods such as the optical disector or p hysical disector were initially introduced as being inherently unbiased. Recent calibration analyses and comparisons of results from different investigators have r evealed the potential for significant biases in the most efficient and most frequently used design-based method, the optical disector. This rev i ew aims to objective l y assess the strengths and limitations of current profi l e and disector-based cell counting methods by examination of studies in which these methods have been calibrated against the "gold-standard", counts obtained by 3-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections. Advantages and disadvantages of each counting method and the associated embedding and sectioning techniques are compared and frequent mistakes and pitfalls of each technique are discussed. The importance of a calibration step for each technique is emphasized, and a protocol is provided for a quick and simple calibration by a "sampling" 3-D reconstruction of limited serial sections. Trends in the usage of counting methods are analyzed in four major journals. It is hoped that this r ev i ew will be helpful, for both inve s t i gators and manuscript rev i ewers, in clarifying some of the contentious issues in the choice and implementation of appropriate methods for particle counting in tissue sections.
The influence of turbulence during magnetized core collapse and its consequences on low-mass star formation

[Abridged] Theoretical and numerical studies of star formation have shown that magnetic field (B) has a strong influence on both disk formation and fragmentation; even a relatively low B can prevent these processes. However, very few studies investigated the combined effects of B and turbulence. We study the effects of turbulence in magnetized core collapse, focusing on the magnetic diffusion, the orientation of the angular momentum (J) of the protostellar core, and on its consequences on disk formation, fragmentation and outflows. We perform 3D, AMR, MHD simulations of magnetically supercritical collapsing dense cores of 5 Msun using the MHD code RAMSES. A turbulent velocity field is imposed as initial conditions, characterised by a Kolmogorov power spectrum. Different levels of turbulence and magnetization are investigated, as well as 3 realisations for the turbulent velocity field. Magnetic diffusion, orientation of the rotation axis with respect to B, transport of J, disk formation, fragmentation and outflows formation are studied. The turbulent velocity field imposed as initial conditions contains a non-zero J, responsible for a misalignment of the rotation axis. Turbulence is also responsible for an effective turbulent diffusivity in the vicinity of the core. Both effects are responsible for a significant decrease of the magnetic braking, and facilitate the formation of early massive disks for not too high magnetization. Fragmentation can occur even with mu ~ 5 at late time in contrast with 1 Msun cores for which fragmentation is prevented for such values of mu. Slow asymmetric outflows are launched. They carry a mass which is comparable to the mass within the core. Because of misalignment and turbulent diffusion, massive disk formation is possible though their mass and size are still reduced compared to the hydrodynamical case. We find that for mu >= 5, fragmentation can happen.
Investigation of Gas-Liquid Interface Behavior on Propellant Reorientation in Microgravity Environment

The computational and experimental studies have been performed to investigate the process of liquid propellant reorientation flow dynamics for the tank of CZ-3A launch vehicle series fuel tanks in microgravity environment. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method was used to simulate the free surface flow of gas-liquid. The process of the liquid propellant reorientation started from initially curved interfaces. The characteristic time of propellant reorientation flow was obtained from numerical simulation. The results agree well with the experiments. It’s found that the method of small thrust for liquid reorientation is effective and thrust impulse consumption for reorientation could be saved by using a small thrust Bond number. In addition, a series experimental investigation was conducted in the Drop Tower Facility of National Microgravity Laboratory of China. Preliminary drop tower experimental results shows that the sponge PMD is effective in holding the liquid in microgravity environment.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of carbon nanotube chirality on nano-joining with gold particle

The behavior of gold atoms depending on the CNT chirality in a nanojoining process is studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The deformation regularity and the diffusing characteristic of the gold particle during the joining process, as well as the C-Au bonds distribution in the final joint are studied. Our results show that when joining with higher spirality CNT, gold particle tends to deform more. With the CNT more similar to armchair type, the gold particle as a whole displaces more. In the final joint, the total bonds number decreases from typical armchair CNT to typical zig-zag CNT. However, the bonds distribution in detail is irregular from joint to joint, which is the consequence of lattice structure of both materials. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MI201403]
New simulation and reconstruction software for the EUSO pathfinders, with example applications

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) is designed to detect the highest energy particles in the Universe by observing the fluorescence and (reflected) Cherenkov light produced when these ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR) traverse the Earth's atmosphere. Unlike existing cosmic ray observatories, EUSO will view the atmosphere from above. A number of pathfinder missions have been completed or are in development in order to evaluate the potential of this method, including a prototype instrument flown aboard a stratospheric balloon, a similar instrument co-located with the Telescope Array, an improved instrument to be flown aboard long-duration super pressure balloon, as well as a precursor instrument called Mini-EUSO, which will fly aboard the international space station. Here we describe a relatively new general-purpose software framework, known as Offline, which facilitates detailed simulation and reconstruction of UHECR events and laser and flasher test shots observed by the various EUSO pathfinders. This new software is based on open-source codes developed over roughly a decade by a collaborative effort of several particle astrophysics and high energy physics experiments, and is designed with the needs of large collaborations in mind. We briefly explain the machinery used to manage user contributions to simulation and reconstruction algorithms, organize an abundance of configuration data, and provide access to time-dependent information on detector and atmospheric properties. We show a number of examples of simulation and reconstruction of the EUSO pathfinder data using this software.
Assessing the Needs for Quality Neighbourhood Parks

The understanding of needs aspect is important. A lot of people share common needs, but by identifying each person's unique needs will help answer why people use a particular space in the first place. Various studies also confirms the link between high quality green spaces with the increased property value; benefits in improving the image of an area as to attract investment; contribution to biodiversity; contribution in promoting physical activities and the benefits to health; and finally overcoming the anti-social behavior through design and management. The purpose of this review paper is to help fill in gaps that more methods are required for evaluating projects so as to obtain high quality evidence for better outdoor recreational venues such as neighbourhood parks.This review suggests that natural settings, safety, aesthetic appeal, convenience, psychological comfort, and symbolic ownership, policy on use, cost and interaction with natural environment are significantly important to park users' needs attributes relating to the design of a neighbourhood green open space. This paper provides a critical review of past and current research and its theoretical fundamentals on park users needs for a successful or a quality neighbourhood green open spaces. It should be of interest to landscape architects, park designers, urban designers, city planners, architects, developers as well as any other professional involved in the development of new residential neighbourhoods.
Developing Communities of Instructional Practice

Many reforms today—including the small schools movement, efforts to build small learning communities, and teacher teaming structures—are based on the theory that organizing schools into smaller educational environments will help to build more collaborative and collegial communities of teachers, providing them with the autonomy and motivation to make better curricular and pedagogical decisions in the interests of their students and therefore improving student learning. Using multiple sources of data from a 4-year evaluation of a team-based schooling initiative in a medium-sized urban district, this study tests many of the assumptions underlying this theory. The results suggest that although these types of organizational reforms may succeed in improving the culture within which teachers teach, they alone are unlikely to improve instruction and student learning. The communities that develop are often not communities engaged in instructional improvement. For teacher communities to focus on instructional improvement, the author argues that communities need organizational structures, cultures of instructional exploration, and ongoing professional learning opportunities to support sustained inquiries into improving teaching and learning.
Características clínicas y patológicas de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata que presentan metástasis óseas al momento del diagnóstico

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most important and frequent medical problems in the male population in Mexico. Despite the advent and accessibility of prostate specific antigen, approximately 22% of newly diagnosed cases present with metastatic disease. The natural evolution of prostate cancer is characterized by bone metastasis in approximately 65-80% of patients with advanced disease. Objective: To determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with recent prostate cancer diagnosis managed at the urology department of the Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González.
Significance of Ayurvedic Dietary Regulations for Prevention of Metabolic Disorders

Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol. Nowadays it is a worldwide health problem. Approximately 20% to 30% of the adult populations are affected by this problem. Gradually this number is increasing because of poor lifestyles especially regarding dietary pattern, physical inactivity, stressful life and rapid urbanization. Often these conditions are managed by pharmacological treatment; however, this is not enough in controlling this syndrome. Thus, Ayurveda can play a significant role to prevent this syndrome by following particular conducts like dietary regulation, daily regimen, seasonal regimen, pancha-karma and yoga therapy. Among them dietary regulation is very important factor for the prevention of metabolic syndrome and that is more emphasized in different Ayurvedic classics in many years ago.
Evaluation of methods for the detection of low-abundant snoRNA-derived small RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In recent years, there are a growing number of studies demonstrating the existence of small RNAs derived from snoRNAs (sdRNAs) in multiple eukaryotic organisms. Such RNAs have been initially observed in high throughput sequencing studies and assumed to be processed by miRNA machinery. Recently, we have identified sdRNAs that are associated with ribosomes in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although sdRNAs were detectable in sequencing data, their low abundance hampered their detection by other methods. Here, we present the results of our survey for optimized experimental method for sdRNA detection. We have compared two extraction procedures of total RNA from S. cerevisiae : MasterPure kit and Trizol with two methods resulting in enrichment in small RNA fraction and MasterPure with selective isopropanol precipitation and bulk tRNA isolation methods. Also the sensitivity of three methods for sdRNA detection was verified: a northern blot using standard or LNA probes and stem-loop reverse transcription followed by PCR (SL-RT-PCR). Our results reveal that Trizol isolation method combined with SL-RT-PCR is the most effective in the detection of low-abundant sdRNAs.
Design of Slot Patch Antenna and Comparative Study of Feeds For C-Band Applications

This research work presents design, simulation and comparison of microstrip patch antenna designed using different feed techniques. The Microstrip feed techniques are microstrip line feed, inset feed, coaxial feed, aperture coupled feed and proximity coupled feed. We have chosen to compare co-axial feed and microstrip inset feed due to the advantage that it can be easily fabricated and simplicity in modelling as well as impedance matching. The objective of this paper is to design a rectangular microstrip patch antenna which operates in C-band at 5.2 GHz. Microstrip antennas are most suited for aerospace and mobile applications etc. They can be designed in variety of shapes. Therefore, method of moments based IE3D software is used to design a Microstrip Patch Antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth. IE3D is an integrated full-wave electromagnetic simulation and optimization package for the analysis and design of 3D and planar microwave circuits. The IE3D has become the most versatile, easy to use, efficient and accurate electromagnetic simulation tool. It computes most of the useful quantities of interest such as radiation pattern, input impedance and gain etc. The microstrip patch antenna is designed and simulated using high frequency simulation software IE3D and it is designed to operate in C-band frequency range (4GHz-8GHz). These antennas are designed using RT-duroid dielectric substrate with the permittivity er=2.2. In this analysis, we have compared the antenna parameters such as gain, impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR and further the performance of these two feed techniques discussed. The antenna has been designed for the range 5-6 GHz; hence this antenna is highly suitable for C-band applications wimax applications, and other wireless systems.
Risk and Crisis Management in the Reformed European Agricultural Policy

"Currently there is ample discussion among EU Institutions (European Commission, European Parliament, and Member States' governments) on the opportunity for setting up a comprehensive EU-wide framework on risk and crises in agriculture. In the meantime, within the limits of the WTO rules on agriculture, national governments are allowed to intervene through direct compensation to farmers in case of exceptional events that cause damages to farming operations and through subsidies to crop insurance programs. Such schemes are quite expensive for domestic budgets and some Member States are trying to switch some of their cost to the Community's budget, although an expansion of financial resources devoted to agriculture in Europe is rather unlikely. Moving from the recently emanated proposal of the European Commission, this paper discusses the main issues related to public intervention for risk and crises management in agriculture. " Copyright 2007 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.
On microlocal b-function

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