Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and steady-state operation of a five phase induction machine with an open stator phase

The analysis of an open phase fault for a five phase induction motor is presented. A circuit based model is developed which can help to predict not only the steady-state performance but also the dynamics including the pulsating torque and to evaluate the small-signal stability of the faulted machine. This is made possible by the utility of the harmonic balance technique on the model of the machine in the stationary reference frame. The resulting model is used in determining the small-signal stability of the five-phase induction motor under open-phase fault. At low speeds the machine exhibits instability on the rotor flux linkages but it is stable at higher speeds. Simulation results and steady state results are presented which also predict the speed harmonic components as well as the torque pulsations.
Left ventricular dysfunction, natriuretic peptides, and mortality in an urban population

OBJECTIVE To report the mortality of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVD), assessed objectively by echocardiography, and its association with natriuretic peptide hormones in a random sample of 1640 men and women aged 25–74 years from a geographical, urban population. METHODS Left ventricular function was measured by echocardiography in 1640 attendees studied in 1992–3. LVD was defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ⩽ 30%. Plasma concentrations of N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide (N-ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured by standard radioimmunoassays. Mortality was documented at four years. RESULTS The four year all cause mortality rate in the whole cohort was 4.9% (80 deaths). It was 21% (nine deaths) in those with an LVEF ⩽ 30% and 4% in those whose LVEF was > 30% (p < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) BNP concentration in those who died was 16.9 pg/ml (8.8–27) and 7.8 pg/ml (3.4–13) in survivors (p < 0.0001). Similarly, N-ANP had a median concentration of 2.35 ng/ml (1.32–3.36) in those with a fatal outcome and 1.27 ng/ml (0.9–2.0) in those alive at four years (p < 0.0001). Subjects with an LVEF ⩽ 40% also had a significant mortality rate of 17% if they also had a BNP concentration ⩾ 17.9 pg/ml compared with 6.8% if their BNP was below this concentration (p = 0.013). Multivariate analysis revealed the independent predictors of four year all cause mortality to be increasing age (p < 0.001), a BNP concentration ⩾ 17.9 pg/ml (p = 0.006), the presence of ischaemic heart disease (p = 0.03), and male sex (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS LVD is associated with a considerable mortality rate in this population. BNP also independently predicts outcome. In addition to its role as a diagnostic aid in chronic heart failure and LVD, it provides prognostic information and clarifies the meaning of a given degree of LVD.
A New Slit Lamp–Based Technique for Anterior Chamber Angle Estimation

Purpose To design and test a new noninvasive method for anterior chamber angle (ACA) estimation based on the slit lamp that is accessible to all eye-care professionals. Methods A new technique (slit lamp anterior chamber estimation [SLACE]) that aims to overcome some of the limitations of the van Herick procedure was designed. The technique, which only requires a slit lamp, was applied to estimate the ACA of 50 participants (100 eyes) using two different slit lamp models, and results were compared with gonioscopy as the clinical standard. Results The Spearman nonparametric correlation between ACA values as determined by gonioscopy and SLACE were 0.81 (p < 0.001) and 0.79 (p < 0.001) for each slit lamp. Sensitivity values of 100 and 87.5% and specificity values of 75 and 81.2%, depending on the slit lamp used, were obtained for the SLACE technique as compared with gonioscopy (Spaeth classification). Conclusions The SLACE technique, when compared with gonioscopy, displayed good accuracy in the detection of narrow angles, and it may be useful for eye-care clinicians without access to expensive alternative equipment or those who cannot perform gonioscopy because of legal constraints regarding the use of diagnostic drugs.
Reexpression of vimentin in differentiated neuroblastoma cells enhances elongation of axonal neurites

Vimentin (Vm) is initially expressed by early neuronal precursors in situ and in culture. Vm is essential for neuritogenesis at least in culture and is gradually replaced by neurofilaments (NFs) because of down‐regulation of Vm expression. This period is accompanied by a slowing of axonal elongation. We examined whether continued expression of Vm could foster continued axonal elongation. NB2a/d1 cells differentiated with dibutyryl cAMP were transfected with constructs expressing Vm or the middle‐molecular‐weight NF subunit (NF‐M) each conjugated to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Axonal neurites of cells expressing GFP‐Vm were 30% longer than those of nonexpressing cells, or cells expressing GFP‐M, and exhibited a decrease in neurite caliber. Expression of GFP‐M did not enhance axonal neurite length but significantly increased caliber. These findings provide further evidence of a role for Vm in axonal outgrowth. Culturing of nontransfected cells on laminin increased neurite length, but cells expressing GFP‐Vm demonstrated an equivalent increase whether cultured on laminin or culture plastic. Axonal neurites of cells expressing GFP‐Vm turned to avoid a nonfavorable substrate (nitrocellulose), but culturing of these cells on nitrocellulose did not impair axonal outgrowth. These latter findings indicate that the more robust outgrowth following reexpression of Vm is independent of a favorable or nonfavorable substrate but that axonal neurites of these cells still interact with the substrate to the extent that the substrate can influence directionality. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Citizens and E-services: On-line Interaction with the Authorities in Russia

The article is based on the results of research conducted in 2015–2017. The main conclusion is that in Russia eservices is becoming more and more successfully integrated into the traditional arch of actions used by citizens in their interaction with authorities. This is a result of the government pursuing its own goal—to achieve a target figure set by the Decree of the President of Russia, No. 601. The requirements of the decree led to the restructuring of the initial definition of an e-service, on the one hand, and a vigorous application of marketing approach to eservices promotion – on the other. However, this success is limited to an urban middle class. Keywords—e-government; e-services; citizens; state offer; citizen adoption; arch of action.
Differential N-Linked Glycosylation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Ebola Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Modulates Interactions with DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR

ABSTRACT The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR [collectively referred to as DC-SIGN(R)] bind and transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus to T cells via the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). Other viruses containing heavily glycosylated glycoproteins (GPs) fail to interact with DC-SIGN(R), suggesting some degree of specificity in this interaction. We show here that DC-SIGN(R) selectively interact with HIV Env and Ebola virus GPs containing more high-mannose than complex carbohydrate structures. Modulation of N-glycans on Env or GP through production of viruses in different primary cells or in the presence of the mannosidase I inhibitor deoxymannojirimycin dramatically affected DC-SIGN(R) infectivity enhancement. Further, murine leukemia virus, which typically does not interact efficiently with DC-SIGN(R), could do so when produced in the presence of deoxymannojirimycin. We predict that other viruses containing GPs with a large proportion of high-mannose N-glycans will efficiently interact with DC-SIGN(R), whereas those with solely complex N-glycans will not. Thus, the virus-producing cell type is an important factor in dictating both N-glycan status and virus interactions with DC-SIGN(R), which may impact virus tropism and transmissibility in vivo.
Eosinophil Granulocyte Interaction with Serum-Opsonized Particles: Binding and Degranulation Are Enhanced by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

Eosinophils participate in the inflammatory response seen in allergy and helminthic infestation. Their release of granule-bound cationic proteins may play a role in these diseases. Therefore, we investigated mechanisms involved in the release of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Serum-opsonized zymosan was phagocytosed by eosinophils, and ECP was released into the phagosomes as judged by immunoelectron microscopy. Degranulation to the external milieu was induced by serum-opsonized, non-phagocytosable Sephadex beads (SOS), and ECP release was determined by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD11b, CD18, and CD32 monoclonal antibodies inhibited degranulation, demonstrating dependence on complement receptor type 3 (CR3), and the low-affinity Fc receptor for IgG. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-5 both rapidly enhanced the binding of eosinophils to serum-opsonized zymosan, and also the release of ECP upon interaction with SOS. The cytokine-induced increase in ECP release was inhibited by the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor mepacrine, indicating an involvement of PLA2 in the enhanced response but not in baseline degranulation. Autocrine stimulation by the platelet-activating factor (PAF) is unlikely since the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086 did not inhibit the enhanced response. In conclusion, the main signals for eosinophil degranulation on serum-opsonized particles are mediated by CR3 and receptors for immunoglobulins. As for IL-5, TNF-α changes eosinophil phenotype from a resting to an activated state.
SW13 Cells Can Transition between Two Distinct Subtypes by Switching Expression of BRG1 andBrm Genes at the Post-transcriptional Level*

The human adrenal carcinoma cell line, SW13, has been reported to be deficient in both BRG1 andBrm expression and therefore is considered to lack a functional SWI/SNF complex. We found that the original cell line of SW13 is composed of two subtypes, one that expresses neither BRG1 nor Brm (SW13(vim−)) and the another, which does express both (SW13(vim+)). The presence of BRG1 and Brm in SW13 correlates completely with the cellular ability to express such genes asvimentin, collagenase, c-met, andCD44 that were under the control of a transcription factor, AP-1, which was shown previously to require a functional SWI/SNF complex for its transactivating activity. Transient treatment with inhibitors of histone deacetylase induced a stable transition of SW13(vim−) to a cell type indistinguishable from SW13(vim+), suggesting that these two subtypes are epigenetically different. Run-on analysis indicated that, unlike these four genes driven by AP-1, transcription of the BRG1 and Brm genes in SW13(vim−) are initiated at a frequency comparable with SW13(vim+). In both SW13(vim−) and SW13(vim+) cells, theBRG1 and Brm genes were transcribed through the entire gene at a similar efficiency, indicating that their expression was completely suppressed at the post-transcriptional level in SW13(vim−) cells. We would like to propose that SW13 can spontaneously transition between two subtypes by switching expression ofBRG1 and Brm at the post-transcriptional level.
Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression Profiles Following Axotomy of Projection Fibres in the Mammalian CNS

Following postcommissural fornix transection we have investigated the postaxotomy transcriptional program in the subiculum where the injured axons originate. cDNA array hybridization revealed 125 genes that were specifically regulated as the injured neurons passed through three distinct postlesion (PL) stages comprising (i). early phase of injury and axon degeneration, (ii). sprouting phase of the proximal stump, and (iii). axonal growth arrest at the lesion scar. Numerous genes were detected which have, so far, not been associated with axotomy or axonal growth. Following the early lesion response that is characterized predominantly by down-regulation of genes at 1 day PL, neurons switch to a sprouting program with the majority of genes up-regulated at 7 days PL. However, the latter program of gene expression is not maintained but largely reversed (at 3 weeks PL) to the initial profile as axonal growth is blocked at the lesion barrier, indicating retrograde signaling that leads to down-regulation of neuronal genes previously up-regulated during axon sprouting.
Compact, Low-Power and Fully Reconfigurable 10 ps Resolution, 160  $\mu \text{s}$  Range, Time-Resolved Single-Photon Counting System

We present a handheld, low-power, time-resolved single-photon detection system, consisting of a time measurement platform, able to record optical waveforms with 10 ps resolution and a detection board, which can host both CMOS and custom-made single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). It has been validated using up to 200 μm diameter CMOS SPADs, reaching 40% photon detection efficiency at 450 nm and less than 100 HZ dark count rate at room temperature (with a 50 μm device). The system provides 50 ps full-width at half-maximum single-shot timing precision, with 1.2% of least significant bit (LSB) (RMS) differential non-linearity (DNL) and 160 μs fullscale range. Both data communication and power supply are provided by a USB 2.0 link. The module comes in a very compact (1 × 2 in2) handheld housing and consumes less than 1.3 W (even at the maximum rate of 5 Mconversion/s). Because of the field programmable gate array (FPGA) data processing, this complete time-correlated single-photon counting system enables customized and cost-effective new applications, which require high portability and configurability, with no compromises on performance.
Systematic Review: Kidney Transplantation Compared With Dialysis in Clinically Relevant Outcomes

Individual studies indicate that kidney transplantation is associated with lower mortality and improved quality of life compared with chronic dialysis treatment. We did a systematic review to summarize the benefits of transplantation, aiming to identify characteristics associated with especially large or small relative benefit. Results were not pooled because of expected diversity inherent to observational studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and items related to time‐to‐event analysis techniques. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to February 2010. Cohort studies comparing adult chronic dialysis patients with kidney transplantation recipients for clinical outcomes were selected. We identified 110 eligible studies with a total of 1 922 300 participants. Most studies found significantly lower mortality associated with transplantation, and the relative magnitude of the benefit seemed to increase over time (p < 0.001). Most studies also found that the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly reduced among transplant recipients. Quality of life was significantly and substantially better among transplant recipients. Despite increases in the age and comorbidity of contemporary transplant recipients, the relative benefits of transplantation seem to be increasing over time. These findings validate current attempts to increase the number of people worldwide that benefit from kidney transplantation.
Extensive major histocompatibility complex class I binding promiscuity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB10.4 peptides and immune dominance of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*0702 and HLA‐B*0801 alleles in TB10.4 CD8+ T‐cell responses

The molecular definition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I‐presented CD8+ T‐cell epitopes from clinically relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) target proteins will aid in the rational design of T‐cell‐based diagnostics of tuberculosis (TB) and the measurement of TB vaccine‐take. We used an epitope discovery system, based on recombinant MHC class I molecules that cover the most frequent Caucasian alleles [human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*0101, A*0201, A*0301, A*1101, A*2402, B*0702, B*0801 and B*1501], to identify MHC class I‐binding peptides from overlapping 9‐mer peptides representing the Mtb protein TB10.4. A total of 33 MHC class I‐binding epitopes were identified, spread across the entire amino acid sequence, with some clustering at the N‐ and C‐termini of the protein. Binding of individual peptides or closely related peptide species to different MHC class I alleles was frequently observed. For instance, the common motif of xIMYNYPAMx bound to six of eight alleles. Affinity (50% effective dose) and off‐rate (half life) analysis of candidate Mtb peptides will help to define the conditions for CD8+ T‐cell interaction with their nominal MHC class I‐peptide ligands. Subsequent construction of tetramers allowed us to confirm the recognition of some of the epitopes by CD8+ T cells from patients with active pulmonary TB. HLA‐B alleles served as the dominant MHC class I restricting molecules for anti‐Mtb TB10.4‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses measured in CD8+ T cells from patients with pulmonary TB.
Calmodulin kinase is functionally targeted to the action potential plateau for regulation of L‐type Ca2+ current in rabbit cardiomyocytes

L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa−L) triggers Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and both SR and ICa−L are potential sources of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) for feedback regulation of ICa−L. Ca2+i bound to calmodulin (Ca2+–CaM) can inhibit ICa−L, while Ca2+–CaM can also activate Ca2+–CaM‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMK) to increase ICa. However, it is not known whether ICa−L or the SR is the primary source of Ca2+ for ICa−L regulation. The L‐type Ca2+ channel C terminus is implicated as a critical transduction element for ICa−L responses to Ca2+–CaM and CaMK, and the C terminus undergoes voltage‐dependent steric changes, suggesting that Ca2+i control of ICa−L may also be regulated by cell membrane potential. We developed conditions to separately test the relationship of Ca2+–CaM and CaMK to ICa−L and SR Ca2+i release during voltage clamp conditions modelled upon time and voltage domains relevant to the cardiac action potential. Here we show that CaMK increases ICa−L after brief positive conditioning pulses, whereas Ca2+–CaM reduces ICa−L over a broad range of positive and negative conditioning potentials. SR Ca2+ release was required for both Ca2+–CaM and CaMK ICa−L responses after strongly positive conditioning pulses (+10 and +40 mV), while Ca2+i from ICa−L was sufficient for Ca2+–CaM during weaker depolarizations. These findings show that ICa−L responses to CaMK are voltage dependent and suggest a new model of L‐type Ca2+ channel regulation where voltage‐dependent changes control ICa−L responses to Ca2+–CaM and CaMK signalling.
Explaining Patients’ Beliefs About the Necessity and Harmfulness of Antidepressants

PURPOSE Patients’ beliefs about antidepressants vary widely and probably influence adherence, yet little is known about what underlies such beliefs. This study’s objective was to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics that account for patients’ beliefs about antidepressants. METHODS Participants were 165 patients with unipolar nonpsychotic major depression from primary care and psychiatry clinics who were participating in the baseline phase of a multistaged trial of medication and psychotherapy. Before patients started antidepressants, interview and self-report measures were used to assess treatment beliefs, depression features, and comorbid conditions. Linear multivariate regression was used to identify the strongest correlates of perceived medication necessity and harmfulness after adjusting for age, sex, education, and the random effects of patients within clinical site. RESULTS Perceived necessity was associated with older age (P <.001), more severe symptoms (P = .03), longer anticipated duration of symptoms (P=.001), and attribution of symptoms to chemical imbalance (P=.005). Perceived harmfulness was highest among patients who had not taken antidepressants before (P = .02), attributed their symptoms to random factors (P=.04), and had a subjectively unclear understanding of depression (P = .003). Neither belief was significantly associated with sex, education, age at first depressive episode, presence of melancholia or anxiety, psychiatric comorbidity, or clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS Skepticism about antidepressants is strongest among younger patients who have never taken antidepressants, view their symptoms as mild and transient, and feel unclear about the factors affecting their depression. Perhaps these patients would benefit the most from adherence promotion focusing on treatment beliefs.
Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) in the Treatment of Severe Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial

ContextSevere, uncompensated, traumatic hemorrhagic shock causes significant morbidity and mortality, but resuscitation with an oxygen-carrying fluid might improve patient outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine if the infusion of up to 1000 mL of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) during the initial hospital resuscitation could reduce 28-day mortality in traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients.Design and SettingMulticenter, randomized, controlled, single-blinded efficacy trial conducted between February 1997 and January 1998 at 18 US trauma centers selected for their high volume of critically injured trauma patients, but 1 did not enroll patients.PatientsA total of 112 patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock and unstable vital signs or a critical base deficit, who had a mean (SD) patient age of 39 (20) years. Of the infused patients, 79% were male and 56% were white. An exception to informed consent was used when necessary.InterventionAll patients were to be infused with 500 mL of DCLHb or saline solution. Critically ill patients who still met entry criteria could have received up to an additional 500 mL during the 1-hour infusion period.Main Outcome MeasuresTwenty-eight day mortality, 28-day morbidity, 48-hour mortality, and 24-hour lactate levels.ResultsOf the 112 patients, 98 (88%) were infused with DCLHb or saline solution. At 28 days, 24 (46%) of the 52 patients infused with DCLHb died, and 8 (17%) of the 46 patients infused with the saline solution died (P = .003). At 48 hours, 20 (38%) of the 52 patients infused with DCLHb died and 7 (15%) of the 46 patients infused with the saline solution died (P = .01). The 28-day morbidity rate, as measured by the multiple organ dysfunction score, was 72% higher in the DCLHb group (P = .03). There was no difference in adverse event rates or the 24-hour lactate levels.ConclusionsMortality was higher for patients treated with DCLHb. Although further analysis should investigate whether the mortality difference was solely due to a direct treatment effect or to other factors, DCLHb does not appear to be an effective resuscitation fluid.