Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Block Protein Kinase Cϵ by Activating Bradykinin B1 Receptors in Human Endothelial Cells

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used to treat patients with cardiovascular and kidney diseases, but inhibition of ACE alone does not fully explain the beneficial effects. We reported that ACE inhibitors directly activate bradykinin B1 receptor at the canonical Zn2+ binding site, leading to prolonged nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Protein kinase C (PKC) ϵ, a novel PKC isoform, is up-regulated in myocardium after infarction, suggesting a role in the development of cardiac dysfunction. In cytokine-treated human lung microvascular endothelial cells, B1 receptor activation by ACE inhibitors (enalaprilat, quinaprilat) or peptide ligands (des-Arg10-Lys1-bradykinin, des-Arg9-bradykinin) inhibited PKCϵ with an IC50 = 7 × 10–9 M. Despite the reported differences in binding affinity to receptor, the two peptide ligands were equally active, even when inhibitor blocked the cleavage of Lys1, thus the conversion by aminopeptidase. The synthetic undecapeptide (LLPHEAWHFAR) representing the binding site for ACE inhibitors on human B1 receptors reduced PKCϵ inhibition by enalaprilat but not by peptide agonist. A combination of inducible and endothelial NO synthase inhibitors, 1400W [N-(3(aminomethyl) benzyl) acetamidine dihydrochloride] and Nω-nitro-l-arginine (2 μM), significantly reduced inhibition by enalaprilat (100 nM), whereas the NO donor (Z)-1-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl) amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (100 μM) inhibited PKCϵ activity just as the B1 ligands did. In conclusion, NO generated by B1 receptor activation inhibits PKCϵ.
Multiplicação in vitro DE Ficus carica L.: efeito da cinetina e do ácido giberélico

The fig culture is affected by mosaic virus and the tissue culture is an alternative in the clonal cleaning. The kinetin and GA3 effects on in vitro fig multiplication was studied. Nodal segments were inoculated in WPM culture medium containing the following combination of kinetin (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg.L-1) and GA3 (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg.L-1). The number and length, fresh and dry weigh matter of aerial part, number of roots, fresh and dry weight matter of root system and fresh and dry weight matter of callus were evaluated. The use of kinetin 0.5 mg.L-1 promoted higher rates of in vitro Ficus carica multiplication. The GA3 reduced the formation and shoot multiplication, and induced etiolation, hyperhydricity, clorosis and apical necrosis at the plantlets.
Estimation of Sea Mortality Rates for the 1961 Brood-Year Pink Salmon of the Bella Coola Area, British Columbia

A two-stage marking experiment was designed to estimate natural mortality rates of pink salmon during their early (coastal) and later (oceanic) periods of sea life. Difficulty was encountered because of disproportionate representation of various stocks in the marked populations, the stocks being subject to dissimilar rates of exploitation. Several assumptions were made for which the error introduced could not be fully evaluated. Under these assumptions, the results indicate (approximate values) that 55.7 million fry, resulting from the 1961 Burke Channel–Bella Coola stocks brood year, entered the sea. Of these, 77% died during the initial 40-day period of life in the enclosed marine waters. The following stage, from the time of seaward migration to adult return, a period of about 410 days, 78% of the remaining population died. The adult return was subjected to a rate of exploitation of 0.85 which produced a catch of 2.5 million fish. The spawning escapement was approximately 450,000 fish. It is establishe.
In situ Digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber of Introduced Cenchrus ciliaris and Six Native Mexican Grasses Consumed by Small Ruminants

Abstract Ramirez, R.G. 2007. In situ digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of introduced Cenchrus ciliaris and six native Mexican grasses consumed by small ruminants. J. Appl. Anim. Res, 31: 53–57. Native grasses from northeastern Mexico such as Aristida longiseta (Steud), Bouteloua gracilis (Thurb), Cenchrus incertus (M.A. Curtis), Hilaria berlangeri (Steud, Nash), Panicum hallii (Varsey) and Setaria macrostachya (H.B.K.) and introduced Cenchrus ciliaris (L), a cultivated grass, that are consumed by range small ruminants were evaluated to estimate seasonally, their neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and the rate and extent of NDF digestion. Panicum hallii was lower (72, 34, 26%, respectively) in NDF, cellulose and hemicellulose content and A. longiseta was higher (87, 37, 37%). Cenchrus incertus (42%, annual mean) was higher in EDNDF and A. longiseta (25%) was lower. With exception of C. incertus, all native grasses had lower EDNDF than C. ciliaris (40%). Because of their low NDF digestion most native grasses could be considered poor food resources for range small ruminants.
Genes, gene clusters, and biosynthesis of trichothecenes and fumonisins in Fusarium

Trichothecenes and fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, a filamentous fungus that can cause disease in barley, maize, rice, wheat, and some other crop plants. Research on the genetics and biochemistry of trichothecene and fumonisin biosynthesis has provided important insights into the genetic and biochemical pathways in Fusarium that lead to formation of these mycotoxins. In Fusarium, trichothecene biosynthetic enzymes are encoded by genes at three loci: the single-gene TRI101 locus, the two-gene TRI1-TRI16 locus, and the 12-gene core TRI cluster. In contrast, fumonisin biosynthetic enzymes identified to date are all located at one locus, the 17-gene FUM cluster. The FUM and core TRI clusters also encode proteins that regulate expression of the cluster genes and proteins that are involved in mycotoxin transport across the cell membrane. Biosynthetic pathways for both mycotoxins have been proposed based on a combination of biochemical and genetic evidence, including toxin production phenotypes of Fusarium mutants in which individual TRI or FUM genes have been inactivated. Some TRI and FUM gene mutants have also been employed to examine the role of mycotoxin production in plant pathogenesis. The studies indicate that trichothecene production can contribute to the ability of F. graminearum to cause wheat head blight, one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. Thus, studies into the genetic basis of mycotoxin production have identified a potential target to enhance resistance of wheat to a major plant disease and mycotoxin contamination problem.
Stimulation of neuron‐like cell growth by Aloe substances

Aloe plant materials are widely known for their uses in folk medicine, particularly for their ability to aid healing of minor cutaneous wounds and for protection of skin cells. Several in vitro studies have shown Aloe substances stimulate fibroblast and epithelial cell growth and induce lectin‐like responses in immune cells involved in skin wound repair processes. In our present studies, we quantitatively tested Aloe substances extracted from whole leaves and gel filets for their comparative effects on induction of proliferation in fibroblast cells and, for the first time, in neuron‐like cells. Aloe gel substances were found to significantly increase proliferation in suspension‐treated neuron‐like cells to a greater level than that detected in similarly treated fibroblast cells in short term cultures. In long term cultures of cells treated only once, Aloe substances maintained both cells viability at different doses of Aloe. These studies demonstrate for the first time that partially purified substances in Aloe extracts can stimulate the growth of neuron‐like cells in vitro, therefore extending the range of types of cells highly reactive with Aloe substances.
Acidic soaking and steam blanching retain anthocyanins and polyphenols in purple Dioscorea alata flour.

Purple Dioscorea alata (DA) tuber has health benefits due to its bioactive anthocyanins, which belong to polyphenolic group. Tuber is commonly made into flour to optimize its uses, however, the anthocyanins undergo significant degradation during processing because of the endogenous polyphenol oxidase activities. This research investigated factors that retain anthocyanins and polyphenols in the purple DA flour as well as its antioxidant capacity. The types of treatments during milling process should be taken into account; for instance, soaking in citric acid and blanching in order to preserve the bioactive compounds. To examine the inhibitory effects of acidic soaking and steam blanching on polyphenol oxidase activities, these experiments used four levels of citric acid (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%) and two levels of steam blanching time course (5 and 10 minutes). It was found that steam blanching for 5 or 10 minutes could reduce the activity of polyphenol oxidase, and consequently, retard the oxidation process and retain the polyphenolic compounds. Soaking the purple DA slices into a 1% citric acid solution followed by steam blanching for 10 min resulted in the highest total anthocyanins (104.36 mg/100 g), polyphenols (198.52 mg equivalent gallic acid/100 g), with an antioxidant capacity of 1.300 mg trolox equivalent/100 g. This study showed that the retention of bioactive compounds of DA tuber through soaking the tuber slices in solution containing inexpensive chemicals like citric acid at low concentrations, combined with 10 minutes of steam blanching resulted in flour containing total anthocyanins and phenolic as high as 44.51% and 62.58% of fresh tuber, respectively.
Drought-resistance mechanisms of seven warm-season turfgrasses under surface soil drying. I. Shoot response

Knowledge of drought-resistance mechanisms in turfgrasses would improve management strategies and facilitate turfgrass breeding for drought resistance. The experiment investigated root morphological and physiological characteristics in response to surface soil drying and rewatering for bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 'Common'], centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack 'Tif-Blair'], seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz, four ecotypes), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steudel x Z. tenuifolia Steudel 'Emerald'). Plants were grown in sectioned PVC tubes with four soil moisture regimes in a greenhouse during 1995 and 1996. Root growth was reduced when the upper 20- and 40-cm soil layers dried for Emerald zoysiagrass, Common bermudagrass, and Adalayd paspalum, but only with upper 40-cm soil drying for PI 299042, AP14, and PI 509018 paspalums, and TifBlair centipedegrass. Root dry weight recovered fully to control levels after rewatering for TifBlair centipedegrass and the three paspalum accession, but only partially for Adalayd paspalum, Common bermudagrass, and Emerald zoysiagrass. Superior drought resistance to surface soil drying for PI 509018 paspalum and TifBlair centipedegrass was associated with enhanced root growth and rapid root water uptake at deeper soil layers, maintenance of root viability at the surface drying soil, and rapid root regeneration after rewatering. Differences in these drought avoidance characteristic ; among turfgrasses could serve as selection criteria for improving turf drought resistance.
How wild is the ocean? Assessing the intensity of anthropogenic marine activities in British Columbia, Canada

1. The intensity of marine activities in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of British Columbia, Canada, was quantified. 2. Humans use the ocean for a multitude of purposes, many of which have a direct impact on marine life and habitat. Yet such uses are seldom assessed in an integrated fashion. 3. Using a GIS approach, spatial information for 39 marine activities was mapped, including commercial and recreational fishing areas, transportation and infrastructure uses, and terrestrial activities along the coast of British Columbia. 4. A relative scale was used to rank both the impact of marine activities and the extent of stressors beyond the location of occurrence. Limited information on the latter led to the application of three ranges of buffer distances to the data (0–1 km, 0–5 km, and 0–25 km). 5. The most conservative estimate (41 km buffers) indicates at least 83% of the continental shelf and slope of British Columbia is currently being used by humans. The largest buffer assumption shows 98% of the continental shelf and slope being affected by stressors from anthropogenic activities. 6. This analysis provides a baseline for assessing future changes in the state of British Columbia’s marine environment, and could assist in identifying areas of conservation potential.
Morphogenetic modifications induced by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus strain E3 in the root system of Allium porrum L

SUMMARY Morphometric analysis, modelling and histological techniques were used to study root morphogenesis in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants of Allium porrum infected by a Glomus sp. , strain E3, during the first 105 days after sowing. They showed that morphogenetic changes were induced by the fungus in the root system of the host. Adventitious roots of mycorrhizal plants became more numerous and shorter than those of controls, as mycorrhizal infection proceeded. Increase in number was fitted by logistic curves in mycorrhizal and control plants; increase in length was fitted in both cases by logistic curves. Mycorrhizal roots became progressively more branched than controls: branching increased linearly with time in mycorrhizas, whereas in the controls it showed an almost constant frequency from day 49 onwards and was fitted by a logistic curve. There was a significant depression of mitotic index demonstrated in the apical meristems of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas.
Responses of a specialist and a generalist seed predator to variation in their common resource.

Sweden. Fluctuations of resources in time and space will influence not only species abundance but also interactions among species. For plantconsumer interactions, the effects of resource variation have mostly been studied in systems with high resource variability. Systems with moderate variations are less studied, although ecological and evolutionary dynamics of plants and consumers are likely to be affected also by less extreme variability. The effects of variation in a particular resource should depend on consumer diet width. We examined how spatial and temporal variation in seed production in the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus influenced population dynamics and resource utilization in two beetle pre-dispersal seed predators with different host ranges over six years. The monophagous Apion opeticum occupied fewer patches and had lower densities than the oligophagous Bruchus atomarius. The proportion of seeds attacked increased with increases in seed production between years for both seed predators. A possible explanation for these patterns is that population dynamics of beetles are driven largely by local factors and that the same factors influence both beetle performance and seed production. In B. atomarius, patterns may also be influenced by a more pronounced preference for L. vernus in years with a high seed production in L. vernus . W e conclude that relatively modest variation in seed production may result in responses that differ in both direction and extent from those usually observed in systems with high variation in seed production.
Possible interactions between visual and tactile memories in octopus

Octopuses were trained first with a tactile and then a visual discrimination and the two sets of memories were then made to conflict. A negative visual memory (white) blocks the effect of a previously learned positive tactile memory (either rough or smooth) but only in the period immediately after seeing the colour. There is no longer‐term effect on the positive tactile memory. A positive visual memory (black) was not able to reverse a previously learned negative tactile memory (rough). A negative tactile memory (rough) had no effect on previously established positive visual memories (black or white). The only interactions between the visual and tactile memories are a result of the sharing of final common paths to the arms. There is no good evidence of second order conditioning under these circumstances.
The nodal roots of Zea: their development in relation to structural features of the stem

The framework of the root system of a mature, field-grown corn plant of variety Seneca Chief consists of about 70 axile roots. One of these is the primary root. The others develop on the stem, a single tier at each of the seven basal nodes. Just over half of these roots grow out at or above ground level from nodes 6 and 7 late in the development of the plant, with those of node 7 entering the soil just before flowering. The mean diameter of the root produced at successively higher nodes increases, as does also the mean number of large metaxylem elements seen in a cross section, so that about 75% of the large xylem conduits between the root system and the stem are in the roots of the two uppermost tiers. Nodal root primordia develop initially in situ from an extensive region of dedifferentiated stem cortex. A sleeve-like extension of the stem encloses the base of each root formed at aerial nodes. At each node the complexity of vascular interconnections results in all of the framework roots being indirectly.
T Cell Receptor-γ Gene Analysis of CD30+ Large Atypical Individual Cells in CD30+ Large Primary Cutaneous T Cell Lymphomas

The hallmark of primary cutaneous CD30 + large T cell lymphoma are large lymphoid tumor cells, at least 75% of which, by definition, must be positive for CD30. The relatively benign clinical course of this lymphoma type has been explained with CD30-induced apoptosis, on the assumption that expression of CD30 defines the tumor clone; however, this hypothesis has not been tested on the molecular level to date. In this study we analyzed CD30 + cells in four patients with primary cutaneous CD30 + large T cell lymphoma by single cell polymerase chain reaction of T cell receptor-γ genes followed by sequencing. Here, we demonstrate that most of the large CD30 + atypical cells possessed identical T cell receptor-γ gene rearrangements, indicative of clonal proliferation. Nevertheless, polyclonally rearranged T cells were present in all CD30 + samples studied. In addition, one patient showed a second clone in a separate biopsy and three of four patients showed chromosomal imbalances as revealed by comparative genomic hybridization. Taken together, our data suggest that the CD30 + population in primary cutaneous CD30 + large T cell lymphoma indeed contains the tumor clone, thus providing molecular support for a link between clinical course and CD30-related signaling. Importantly, however, CD30 expression does not define the tumor clone as bystander T cells, as well as occasional additional clones, are also present in this population.
Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, patógeno causante del "swiss needle cast" en Pseudotsuga menziesii: antecedentes de su biología, medidas de control y situación en Chile

El swiss needle cast o perdida suiza de las aciculas, es una enfermedad de caracter fungoso provocada por el patogeno Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, organismo que causa severas defoliaciones en Pseudotsuga menziesii (pino oregon) en el mundo, originando perdidas en el volumen de madera para cosechar. Este patogeno se distribuye en el rango nativo de P. menziesii en America del Norte (EE.UU., Canada y Mexico) y se ha introducido en Europa, Nueva Zelanda, Turquia y, recientemente en Chile. Actualmente, el pais cuenta con una superficie superior a las 16.000 hectareas de plantaciones de P. menziesii, las cuales van en aumento por tratarse de una especie con potencial productivo considerada en programas de diversificacion de especies. En Chile P. gaeumannii se encuentra distribuido desde las regiones de La Araucania a Los Lagos, concentrandose en estas zonas la mayor superficie de P. menziesii del pais (70 % aproximadamente). El objetivo de esta revision fue analizar estudios relacionados a la biologia y ciclo de vida del patogeno, la epidemiologia y procesos de infeccion, impacto en las plantaciones y medidas de control implementadas en los diferentes paises afectados por este patogeno, de manera de contar con antecedentes cientificos para realizar los primeros estudios en Chile, referentes a investigacion basica y aplicada para el pais.
The Effects of Livestock Grazing on Western Riparian and Stream Ecosystem

Abstract Domestic livestock grazing is permitted on approximately 307 million acres of federal land in the western states. The land is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service. Overgrazing of riparian and stream ecosystems by domestic livestock has damaged thousands of linear miles in the ecosystems. The position of the American Fisheries Society (AFS) is to advocate livestock management practices that result in recovery and protection of riparian and stream ecosystems associated with public and private lands. This policy statement addresses problems caused by overgrazing, and action items that the Society advocates to be implemented to correct problems. The Society does not advocate ceasing of domestic livestock grazing on public lands. Instead, the policy is that grazing is acceptable providing that its management is compatible with the ecological requirements of healthy riparian and stream ecosystems.
An occupational safety program for wildlife professionals involved with bovine tuberculosis surveillance

Abstract The discovery of bovine tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and other free-ranging Michigan wildlife has made ongoing surveillance for the disease a reality for wildlife professionals. The wide susceptibility of mammals, including humans, to M. bovis led us to be concerned with the potential risks of acquiring tuberculosis that Michigan Department of Natural Resources staff face in their occupational activities. Consequently, we developed a bovine tuberculosis occupational safety program for our staff and volunteer cooperators taking part in disease surveillance. Close similarities between bovine and human tuberculosis allowed occupational safety principles used in human health care to be used as a guide. We produced an occupational safety training document to educate personnel about bovine tuberculosis in humans, evaluate the risk posed by job duties, and make recommendations on risk mitigation. Following implementation, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted field evaluations of the occupational safety program that validated its protectiveness for workers. As wildlife disease surveillance becomes a greater responsibility for management agencies across the United States, we believe the lessons learned in development of the Michigan program can be widely adapted to other areas and potentially to other diseases, and can raise awareness of occupational exposure to zoonotic diseases.