Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Trends in Ophthalmology Effectiveness of a Preservative-Free Eye Drop , Cyclosporine 0 . 05 % Emulsion , and Omega-3 Supplementation as a Fixed Combination in Dry Eye Disease-a Pilot Study

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the impact of combining a preservative-free drop, cyclosporine 0.05% emulsion, and omega-3 oral supplementation on the signs and symptoms of dry eye in a typical ophthalmic practice. Design: A retrospective case series conducted on patients with dry eye disease. Methods: Patients diagnosed with dry eye in a typical ophthalmology practice were initiated on a fixed combination regimen which included a preservative-free eye drop (I-DROP ® PUR GEL, I-MED pharma), cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion, and oral omega-3 supplement (Dry Eye Omega Benefits®, PRN) for 3 months consecutively. The primary outcome measured was a symptom score using the Canadian Dry Eye Assessment Tool (CDEA). Secondary outcome measure was Non-invasive Keratograph Break-up Time (NIKBUT). Primary and secondary outcomes measured at baseline and 3 months following intervention were compared. Results: Thirty-six patients were included with a female male ratio of 2.6:1 and average age of 64. Patient symptoms improved significantly following the intervention as demonstrated by a lower CDEA score during the second visit compared to the first visit (16.11 vs. 19.50, respectively) (p<.05). NIKBUT scores were also significantly improved as demonstrated by a higher score during the second visit compared to the first in both the right (13.18 vs. 11.44) (p<.05) and left (14.62 vs. 12.78) (p<.01) eyes, respectively. Conclusion: A fixed combination of preservative-free eye drops, cyclosporine 0.05% and omega-3 supplementation may be an effective first line treatment option in alleviating symptoms and improving signs of patients suffering from dry eye.
UNDERSTANDING ENTITATIVITY : ARE THERE REAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN APPROACHES ?

Entitativity is a key construct for understanding group perception. But the question of under­ standing this construct is troublesome. There are three theoretical approaches to understanding group entitativity (essence-based entitativity, agency-based entitativity and unity-based en tita­ tivity) and at least two different empirical strategies for measuring the entitativity (operational­ ization in one of the theoretical approaches and entitativity as a set of characteristics from differ­ ent approaches th a t work as a common scale). This paper aims to answer the question whether there are any differences in the various understanding of entitativity. In our studies entitativity is described as involving three components: “essence” (the group members’ similarity), “agency” (the goals and the interaction between group members) and “unity” (the cohesion of a group and the degree of the group importance). In Study 1 a series of confirmatory factor analyses revealed tha t the three-component model of entitativity fitted the data well for different groups (ingroup, outgroup, intimacy groups and social categories) and dem onstrated a better fit compared to the alternative model (entitativity as a common construct). The results of the study suggest th a t the components of entitativity are interrelated, but not identical to each other. Study 2 dem onstrat­ ed tha t the use of different ways of understanding entitativity (such as “essence”, “agency”, and “unity” components or the common entitativity scale) doesn’t lead to differences related to bla­ tan t prejudice, subtle prejudice, and identification. Our results dem onstrate th a t there are no substantial differences between the measurements of entitativity. The implications of the obtained results for future research are discussed.
Replacing gamma analyses with DVH analyses for individual patient QA

In the last years, great developments in radiotherapy took place both in technology and in treatment techniques. An example of this is the Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), whose emergence changed the way treatment planning is performed. As a consequence, patientspeci c quality assurance (QA) became essential in the treatment planning. This makes sure that the treatment is carried out as planned and it assures the quality of the treatment and safety of the patient. The QA consists in comparing the planned and measured dose distributions. Gamma analysis is the most common mathematical method used for dose comparison. It compares two dose distributions, reference dose and evaluated dose, by combining dose and distance criteria. However, gamma analysis has demonstrated incoherencies, poor accuracy in estimating the errors and poor correlation with clinically relevant dose deviations. This study was performed in order to improve the patient-speci c QA process carried out in Champalimaud Foundation. It consisted in testing a new software, 3DVH, that uses an alternative, Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) analysis to compare measured and planned doses. This method intends to replace the gamma analysis in QA. To this end, two tests were performed, the rst with open square elds plans and the second with patient plans. In both tests, MLC and MU errors were introduced in the plans, changing the leaves positions and the monitor units quantity used for the treatment, respectively. The measurements were carried out with the The ArcCHECK and the Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) to measure the dose distribution. ArcCHECK is the device used in Champalimaud Foundation for QA measurements, and the EPID is the device that has been demonstrating accurate dosimetric capabilities and is currently in research in Champalimaud Foundation. The analysis was made using speci c software: PreDose, pdapp and pdDVH for the EPID data, and commercial SNC and 3DVH for the ArcCHECK data. Thus, the reference and the measured dose distributions were compared using both gamma analysis and DVH analysis, and the results were compared with predictions previously calculated, in order to verify if there is a correlation between both methods and to test the accuracy of the systems to detect the errors. In the square elds test, unlike 3DVH, EPID showed more sensitivity to estimate the e ects of the MLC errors in the plans, mainly in the DVH analysis. All the systems detected the presence of the MU errors in the gamma and in the DVH analysis. Lack of correlation was observed between the gamma analysis and the DVH analysis, i.e. the gamma analysis can provide wrong results and hide relevant errors, while the treatment is approved. On the other hand, the DVH analysis provides more and clinically relevant information about the e ect of the errors in the structures. In the patient plans, the DVH analysis was just performed by the 3DVH and it showed signi cant accuracy in its performance for detecting MU errors. For MLC errors, its results are not
Bioassays as one of the Green Chemistry tools for assessing enviro quality : A review

For centuries, mankind has contributed to scale of this impact. The introduction of law also meet the requirements of Green Che methods of pollutant analysis and environ Chemistry, and they are often expensive an ble environmental changes, but due to the modern science of recent decades, scientists are able to assess the tandards to en-sure environmental cleanliness requires comprehensive environmental monitoring, which should The broad spectrum of Green Chemistry principle applications should also in-clude all of the techniques and monitoring. The classical methods of chemical analyses do not always match the twelve principles of Green oy toxic and environmentally unfriendly solvents in large quantities. These solvents can generate hazardous and ources. Therefore, there is a need to develop reliable techniques that would not only meet the requirements of mplement and sometimes provide an alternative to conventional classical analytical methods. These alternatives le certified bioassays often come in the form of ready-to-use toxkits, and they are easy to use and relatively al analytical methods. The aim of this study is to provide evidence that bioassays can be a complemen-tary an fulfil Green Analytical Chemistry criteria. The test organ-isms discussed in this work include single-celled teria, and multicellular organisms, such as invertebrate and vertebrate animals and plants. ts, Battery of biotests toxic waste while consuming large volume Green Analytical Chemistry, but they could may be found in bioassays. Commercially inexpensive in comparison with certain co alternative to classical methods of analys
Does licensing-out lead to learning for the licensor?

While the learning effects from licensing to the licensee have been studied extensively, this paper aims to investigate whether out-ノキIWミゲキミェ ;ノゲラ エ;ゲ ;ミ けラ┌デゲキSW-キミげ ミ;デ┌ヴWが ┘エWヴWH┞ デエW ノキIWミゲラヴ に who typically has to interact with the licensee in order to permit effective use of the out-licensed technology に also learns from this interaction. To answer this question, we analyze a cross-sectional dataset with 255 unique licensing agreements in the pharmaceutical industry between 1995 and 2003. Controlling for technological and geographical distance, preliminary results show evidence of learning by licensors from licensees, measured by patent citations after the licensing deal.
Building Network Effects via Business Model Design: A Study of Game Center and Freemium Models on the App Store

The “Game Center” was instituted on the Apple App Store in 2010, enabling users of games apps to interact, communicate and play games with one another, opening up the possibility that network effects could take root. This paper theorizes that instituting social interactions and network effects, and even having a leading share of one’s own market or niche, will not on their own necessarily translate to higher revenues and economic performance, without a more careful consideration of how those strategies interact with one’s broader business model in both creating and capturing value. We study here the case of instituting a “freemium” model, clarifying that this should be complementary with network effects strategies on its impact on revenues. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that across data on leaders across distinct categories of apps on the Apple App Store, the establishment of Game Center was not generally associated with a statistical increase in revenues share. However, market leaders who had previously instituted a freemium strategy, saw their revenues market share lead on follower apps grow by 380 percent in the window immediately following the creation of Game Center. We discuss implications for theory and strategy of network effects and digital business model
12 Fiber-optic Raman Probe Coupled with a Ball Lens for Improving Depth-resolved Raman Measurements of Epithelial Tissue : Monte Carlo Simulations

Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique capable of optically probing biomolecular changes of tissue associated with neoplastic transformation, and has shown promise for the noninvasive, in vivo diagnosis and detection of epithelial precancer and cancer in various organs [1-3]. But analyzing Raman spectroscopic information emitted from tissue remains complicated for tissue diagnosis and characterization due to the reasons that the overall Raman signals acquired from the tissue surface usually contain a mixture of Raman information originating from different tissue depths [4, 5], while the changes of tissue morphology or biochemical constituents associated with disease transformation may be depth-dependent in biomedical systems [6]. For instance, the epithelial tissue usually consists of a superficial epithelium and an underlying stroma, the dysplasia-related changes (precancer) may be associated with the thickening of epithelial tissue, which results in the attenuation of the excitation light to penetrate into deeper areas of tissue and also the attenuation of Raman emission from deeper tissue regions (e.g., stroma) [7, 8]. On the other hand, the changes of other optical properties (e.g., absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, anisotropic factor, refractive index) of tissue are also correlated with tissue physiologic/pathologic status, significantly affecting the overall Raman signal collection from biomedical tissue [9]. Hence, to better understand the origins of Raman signals collected from tissue surface for further improving the diagnosis of epithelial precancer or early cancer, it is highly desirable to develop a depth-resolved Raman spectroscopic technique for facilitating the wide applications of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical diagnosis. A number of fiber-optic probe designs have been reported for depth-resolved optical spectroscopic measurements, but most work are centered on fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for tissue diagnosis [10-15]. The depth-resolved fiber probe designs can mainly be classified into two types: (i) single-fiber probe in which the same fiber is used for both light excitation and reflectance/fluorescence/Raman collection, and (ii) multiple-fiber probe
Effect of fertilizer application on photosynthesis and oil yield of Jatropha curcas

The use of Jatropha curcas oil as a source of biofuel has been well-explored. However, the physiological and growth studies of J. curcas have received considerably lesser attention. In this study, leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf nitrogen content were determined for four varieties of J. curcas, grown in the field or in pots. Based on stable carbon isotope analysis (δC) and gas-exchange studies, J. curcas is a C3 sun plant and the range of leaf photosynthetic rates (or CO2 assimilation rates, PNmax) were typically between 7 and 25 μmol(CO2) m s and light saturation generally occurred beyond 800 μmol(quanta) m s. Higher rates of leaf photosynthesis were generally obtained with the mature leaves. In addition, increased foliar PNmax were recorded in potted J. curcas variety Indiana with increasing nitrogen (N) nutrition levels. These plants also showed greater growth, increased leaf N content, higher maximum CO2 assimilation capacity (PNhighCO2) and chlorophyll (Chl) content, indicating the potential of optimizing the growth of Jatropha by varying fertilizer nutrient levels. A rapid assessment for leaf N using a nondestructive and portable Chl meter had been established for J. curcas. This approach will allow repeated sampling of the same plant over time and thus enable the monitoring of the appropriate levels of soil fertility to achieve good Jatropha plantation productivity. High N nutrition improved the overall plant oil yield by increasing the total number of fruits/seeds produced per plant, while not affecting the intrinsic seed oil content. Additional key words: biofuel; chlorophyll meter; Jatropha curcas L. ; leaf nitrogen content; oil; photosynthetic rates; stable isotope.
carnivorous niche for Java Man ? A preliminary consideration of the bundance of fossils in Middle Pleistocene Java ne niche carnivore pour l ’ Homme de Java ?

Considering anatomical and archaeological aspects of Homo erectus, it is likely that meat of vertebrates was an important part in its diet. Unfortunately, no or hardly any information is available for Java Man (Homo erectus). Therefore, in this paper, the Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) of five Middle Pleistocene Javanese sites are examined, and the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) from two of them are calculated, to acquire information about the possible ecological role of Javanese Homo erectus. Although one has to be extremely careful with the interpretation of fossil bone assemblages in order to try to gain some insight about the abundance of species in palaeocommunities, it is argued that both the NISP and the MNI indicate that the bone accumulations reflect at least two trophic levels in the ecological pyramid, that of primary and secondary consumers. The occurrences of the remains of Homo erectus are comparable with the quantity of secondary consumers, i.e., large carnivores. This could suggest that this species had, as an omnivore, a carnivorous niche, in Java. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of l’Académie des sciences. ots clés : léistocène moyen ossiles de Java omo erectus aléocommunauté iveaux trophiques iche carnivore r é s u m é Les aspects anatomiques et archéologiques d’Homo erectus suggèrent que la viande provenant des faunes de vertébrés a pu constituer une part importante de leur alimentation. Malheureusement, il y a peu de données disponibles pour l’Homme de Java (Homo erectus). C’est pourquoi, dans cet article, afin de recueillir des informations sur le possible rôle écologique de l’Homo erectus de Java, nous avons calculé le nombre de specimens identifiés (NSPI) dans les assemblages de cinq sites du Pléistocène moyen de Java, et le nombre minimum d’individus (NMI) pour deux d’entre eux. Bien qu’il soit nécessaire d’être extrêmement prudent sur l’interprétation des assemblages d’os fossiles, en vue d’interpréter l’abondance des espèces dans les paléocommunautés, il ressort de cette étude que les paramètres NSPI et NMI indiquent que les accumulations des ossements reflètent eaux tr au moins deux niv Please cite this article in press as: Storm, P., A carnivorous n abundance of fossils in Middle Pleistocene Java. C. R. Palevol (20 primaires et secondaires. consommateurs secondai espèce a eu, bien qu’étant © 2011 Pu E-mail address: oermens@hetnet.nl 631-0683/$ – see front matter © 2011 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on beh oi:10.1016/j.crpv.2011.04.002 ophiques dans la pyramide écologique, ceux des consommateurs iche for Java Man? A preliminary consideration of the 11), doi:10.1016/j.crpv. 2011.04. 002 La quantité des restes d’Homo erectus est comparable à celle des res, i.e. les grands carnivores. Ce résultat suggèrerait que cette également omnivore à Java, une niche carnivore. blié par Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Académie des sciences. alf of l’Académie des sciences.
How patient the players need to be to obtain all the relevant payoffs in discounted supergames ?

This paper examines the subgame-perfect equilibria in the symmetric 2× 2 supergames. We extend the folk theorem by solving the smallest discount factor values when the players obtain all the feasible and individually rational payoffs. This enables us to determine all the equilibrium payoffs for high discount factor values, which is in general a difficult task since the payoff sets are complicated for patient players. We study how the different assumptions affect the set of equilibria by comparing the payoff sets in pure, randomized and correlated strategies. Moreover, we analyze how exactly the stage game’s payoffs affect the required level of patience and organize the games into few classes. We find that the bounds generally depend on how large the payoff set is compared to the set of feasible payoffs and that the bounds are quite moderate for many games. We also observe discontinuities in the bounds, which means that small changes in the stage game’s payoffs may affect dramatically the equilibrium payoffs.
A conceptual framework for students’ data-driven decision making process in higher education institutions

With the increase in volume and the wide range of data needed to inform decisions at all levels of education system, federal and state ministries of education, districts and also schools have been demanding proactive and data-driven decision making (DDDM) frameworks, as an approach to enhance policy and decision making.In dealing with DDDM, higher education institutions (HEI), among schools, are found to be the most in need of such decision-support frameworks, because of the volume of the data they deal with, and the sensitivities of the decisions they make.To attend to this, though with an exclusive focus on the HEI’s students, we propose a DDDM conceptual framework, using a Design Research Method.The method includes critical literature review, survey instrument administration on the HEI policymakers, and interview sessions with data management personnel. Our proposed conceptual framework shows (1) how DDDM can achieve effective students’ data usage and improved students-related decision making, (2) HEI decision makers’ data usages, their preferred explicit knowledge from the data, and the relationship with the appropriate data variables.
No 4 TRAPPING ON DETERMINISTIC MULTIPLEX NETWORKS

We study the trapping problem associated with a random walk process that takes place in deterministic multiplex networks. To this end, we consider the Average Trapping Time (ATT) and explore the properties of this system by adjusting the coupling strength λ. We get the analytical expression of ATT with the help of the properties of block matrix, and apply it to two types of deterministic multiplex networks. We find that the ATT in our examples presents a minimum with the change of λ and that the emergence of the minimum under some special initial conditions has a potential relationship with the structural difference of the two graphs in the multiplex network. Our results provide a potential way to control the trapping time in multiplex networks.
Title Ketone bodies as a predictor of prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma aftertranscatheter arterial chemoembolization

Objective: Arterial ketone bodies, which reflect liver function, have been investigated. However, the relationship between venous ketone bodies and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We investigated whether prognosis of patients with HCC after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was associated with venous blood ketone bodies. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with HCC who underwent TACE were recruited for this study. The venous blood ketone body levels were measured 1 d before (pretreatment) and 7 d after TACE (posttreatment). Skeletal muscle quality was evaluated using the intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC). Results: Of the 68 patients, 43 (63.2%) were male, with median age of 73.0 y, and the IMAC was −0.274 (range −0.82 to 0.24). The median ketone body levels preand posttreatment were 63.0 μmol/L (13– 310) and 48.0 μmol/L (8–896), respectively. The cumulative survival rate of patients with total ketone body ratio ([TKBR]: posttreatment/pretreatment total ketone bodies) <1 was 86.6%. The rate with TKBR ≥1 was 59.0% at 300 d (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis identified the TKBR (≥1, hazard ratio: 2.954, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.040–8.390, P = 0.030) that independently and significantly predicted the patients’ prognoses. Logistic regression analysis revealed the IMAC (>−0.2745, odds ratio: 3.958, 95% CI: 1.137–13.779, P = 0.031) that predicted TKBR. TKBR and IMAC were positively correlated (rS = 0.358, P = 0.003). Conclusions: The changes in the venous ketone body were associated with the muscle status and predicted the prognosis of patients with HCC who underwent TACE. The venous ketone bodies could be a new predictor of the prognosis of HCC patients after TACE. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.