Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) based Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction(AMI) Diagnosis

MicroRNAs; Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI); Biomarker; miRNAsMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in regulation of genes expression and cellular processes [1-3]. In the recent past, various studies have explored the vital role of miRNAs both in cardiovascular development and cardiac diseases [4-7]. In addition miRNA has promised as biomarkers for cardiac diseases especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis [8-11]. Various cardiac and non-cardiac specific miRNAs correlate with AMI diagnosis. miRNA-1 levels elevate in AMI patient’s serum, but due to limited sensitivity and specificity, miRNA-1 cannot be used as a marker [12]. Two miRNAs; miR-30c and miR-145 correlate with Troponin T levels, indicating these miRNAs can be used as a marker to evaluate the severity of myocardial infarction (Infarct size) [13]. miR-208 is another cardiac specific miRNA which has been evaluated as a biomarker for AMI diagnosis. miRNA-208 levels rise in the blood as a result of AMI [14]. While miR-133a/b, miR-499 have also been evaluated as AMI biomarkers, their increase is also seen in skeletal muscle injury and therefore are not AMI specific [12]. While many studies shows that miRNA concentrations are promising AMI biomarkers, studies conducted by Widera et al. claimed that miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-208, miR-208b, and miR-499 are not useful for either diagnostic or prognostic markers in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) [15]. A miRNAs based signature consisting of 20 miRNAs predicts AMI with 90% sensitivity, 96% specificity and 93% accuracy [13]. This miRNAs signature provides better diagnosis than any single marker, and is able to diagnose AMI in the shortest time even when the patient is still Troponin T negative [13]. These interesting findings are promising but need further evaluations, since the sample size was small. In summary, miRNAs research has great potential for better understanding of cardiac pathophysiology and can also offer a novel class of biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI. Future work should include large scale, multicenter clinical trials to validate miRNAs sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker for AMI. Moreover, to achieve a miRNAs based diagnostic test, there is a need to design novel detection tools because current miRNAs detection methodologies are time consuming and unable to detect low levels of miRNAs.
Involvement of neutrophils and natural killer cells in the anti-tumor activity of alemtuzumab in xenograft tumor models

Alemtuzumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against CD52, an antigen expressed on the surface of normal and malignant B and T lymphocytes. Alemtuzumab is approved for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), but the exact mechanism by which the antibody depletes malignant lymphocytes in vivo is not clearly defined. To address this issue, the anti-tumor activity of alemtuzumab was studied in disseminated and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. The density of CD52 target antigen on the surface of tumor cells appeared to correlate with the anti-tumor activity of alemtuzumab. Deglycosylation of alemtuzumab resulted in a loss of cytotoxicity in vitro and was found to abolish anti-tumor activity in vivo. Individual inactivation of effector mechanisms in tumor-bearing mice indicated that the protective activity of alemtuzumab in vivo was primarily dependent on ADCC mediated by neutrophils and to a lesser extent NK cells. Increasing the number of circulating neutrophils by treatment with G-CSF enhanced the anti-tumor activity of the antibody, thus providing further evidence for the involvement of neutrophils as effector cells in the activity of alemtuzumab.
Seclusion: Changes in policy and practice on an acute psychiatric unit

Increasing concern expressed in the literature, together with local concerns about the practice of seclusion, prompted an audit of its use in an acute psychiatric unit in East Berkshire. episodes between July 1993 and June 1994 were studied retrospectively to provide a baseline measure of performance against the Department of Health Code of Practice guidelines (Code of Practice, 1990). As a result of these initial findings, a new seclusion policy was written and implemented after consultation with the multi-disciplinary teams involved with in-patient care. was then collected for all episodes of seclusion between April 1995 and March 1996. significant improvements were seen with regard to interventions prior to seclusion, seclusion plans, legibility of staff signatures and overall use of seclusion, which fell by 66%. It is concluded that audit and education improved clinical practice and reduced seclusion use, although other possible reasons for this are discussed. Continued audit is recommended in order t.
The Effect of Massage Therapy Depends on the Context

The article The Effects of Massage Therapy by the Patient’s Relative on Vital Signs of Males Admitted in Critical Care Unit written by Adib-Hajbaghery et al. (1) contributes important information to the field of complementary treatment methods. Most complementary treatment methods, such as massage therapy, are frequently recommended in nursing literature. There is still a lack of evidence, specially, about how and when these methods should be used in clinical practice. For example, my colleagues and I investigated the experience of massage therapy in children with cerebral palsy (2). The results demonstrated that these children did not always enjoy the intervention and their heart rate did not decrease compared with that of the control group. Despite the fact that this was a pilot study, which means that the results should not be taken in high evidence, the results indicated an important hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that the effect of massage therapy probably depends on the context, which means that massage therapy does not work in every context. In fact, the opposite is true, and nurses should handle massage therapy with care because this intervention has both positive and negative Published by Kowsar Corp, 2012. cc 3.0.
Refinement of the Collagen Induced Arthritis Model in Rats by Infrared Thermography

Aims: Collagen induced arthritis in rats is an important model for human rheumatoid arthritis. This study was designed to improve and refine this model by use of infrared thermography by measuring surface temperature of hind feet. Our hypothesis is that the local temperature on the feet correlates with other clinical parameters such as clinical score and edema and may serve as a method for quantification of the degree of inflammation. Study design: Experimental animal study.
Epstein–Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone: report of two cases from South America

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly is a novelentity included in the World Health Organization(WHO) classiﬁcation of hematopoietic and lymphoidtumors [1]. EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly is avery aggressive disease that occurs more frequently inpatients older than 50 years and presents withfrequent extranodal involvement and the presenceof EBV in tumoral cells. The prognosis is poor andthe survival is short [2]. A few studies have reportedlower response rates to conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy in comparison with responsesseen in EBV-negative patients with DLBCL [2,3],but there are no data on EBV-positive DLBCL of theelderly treated with rituximab in combination withchemotherapy. In this letter, we present two cases ofEBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly with a goodinitial response to the combination of rituximab,cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, andprednisone (R-CHOP). Our ﬁrst case is a 74-year-old man without asigniﬁcant past medical history and an EasternCooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performancestatus of 1. One week prior to admission, hedeveloped progressive colicky abdominal pain andbloating. He denied B symptoms. An intestinalobstruction was suspected and a 464 cm ilealmass was identiﬁed. The patient underwent a partialileal resection. Pathological studies revealed alymphoproliferative process with monomorphic ap-pearance and scattered areas of necrosis. Based onimmunohistochemical studies, the sample was mostconsistent with a CD20-positive diffuse large B-celllymphoma with a non-germinal center (NGC)phenotype (CD10 negative, BCL6 negative, andMUM1 positive). Expression of CD30 and BCL2was negative, and Ki67 expression was 80%. EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH)was positive in the tumoral cells (Figure 1). Furtherstaging showed a 2 cm mass in the lower lobe of theright lung. A bone marrow biopsy was negative forlymphomatous involvement, and lactate dehydro-genase (LDH) levels were within normal limits. Thepatient was diagnosed with stage IVA EBV-positiveDLBCL of the elderly. His International PrognosticIndex (IPI) score was 3. The patient received sixcycles of R-CHOP administered every 21 days withgrowth factor support. At the end of treatment, therewas no evidence of disease. Unfortunately, 12months after his initial diagnosis, the patient pre-sented with seizures, and a computed tomography(CT) scan of the brain showed multiple parenchymallesions consistent with relapsed lymphoma. Thepatient underwent brain irradiation with radiological
Effect of setting, monitoring intensity and patient experience on anticoagulation control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the relationship between time spent in the recommended target International Normalised Ratio (INR) range and the setting and intensity of anticoagulant monitoring, in both treatment-experienced and treatment-naïve atrial fibrillation (AF) patients receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy for the prevention of ischaemic stroke. Research design and methods: Systematic review of published studies on participants with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation therapy. We compared frequent monitoring (well-controlled, according to a strict protocol) versus infrequent monitoring (frequency representative of routine clinical practice), specialised care versus usual care, and naïve versus prior anticoagulant use. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. Results: 36 studies were included, 22 (primary data) of AF patients managed in line with the consensus guidelines target INR range of 2.0–3.0, and 14 studies (secondary data) of mixed patient groups, including AF, with an INR target of 2.0–3.5. Both data sets were combined for sensitivity analysis. Pooled mean time in INR range was 59.1% (95% CI: 55.5, 62.8%) and 64.3% (95% CI: 60.5, 68.0%) for infrequent monitoring and frequent monitoring, respectively. Significantly more time was spent in range in specialist care settings compared to usual care: +11.3% (95% CI: 0.1–21.7%). Naïve OAC users spent less time in range 56.5% (95% CI: 45.5–67.5%) than existing users 61.2% (95% CI: 57.2–65.2%). All of these differences were found to be significant in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: INR control is variable and dependent on monitoring intensity and duration of anticoagulant therapy.
Obesity at an Early Age and Its Impact on Child Development

Introduction Obesity has become a pandemic, with more than a billion people affected worldwide. Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of overweight children, defined as those having a body mass index (BMI) greater than the 85th percentile for age and sex, has tripled. More than 30% of children in the United States are overweight or obese (BMI > 95th percentile). Data from the International Obesity Task Force indicate that 22 million of the world’s children under five years of age are overweight or obese. Obesity has replaced malnutrition as the major nutritional problem in some parts of Africa, with overweight/obesity being as much as four times more common than malnutrition.
Linguistic Validation of the French Canadian Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire–General Health Version

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the linguistic validity of the French Canadian Work Productivity and Activity Impairment–General Health questionnaire (WPAI-GH). When ill, employees may take a sick day (absenteeism) or work despite the illness and experience a loss of efficiency (presenteeism), which may then result in organizational productivity loss. The WPAI-GH, a leading measure of work productivity indicators, was not previously tested among French Canadians for clarity of translation and item comprehension. Before using a French translation of an available US-English questionnaire, the linguistic validity must be established to ensure its conceptual equivalence to the original as well as establishing cultural appropriateness. Methods A French Canadian translation of the US-English WPAI-GH was produced through a reiterative process in which harmonized forward and back translations were created by independent translators. French-speaking subjects residing in Canada self-administered the WPAI-GH and were subsequently debriefed by a bilingual (French-English) interviewer. Results Thirty French Canadian subjects were interviewed, all of whom were employed at the time. The group was stratified by educational level, including an equal number of participants with and without a high school degree. Responses to hypothetical scenarios indicated that the French Canadian version adequately differentiates between sick time taken for health and non-health reasons as well as differentiations between absenteeism and presenteeism. Conclusion The linguistic validity of the French Canadian translation of the WPAI-GH was established among a diverse French Canadian population, including those with minimal education.
How much strength is necessary

Abstract The purpose of this review was to consider the association of measures of maximum strength in relation to sports performance and performance variables, which rely on high levels of power and speed, in essence it is an expansion of the ideas and concepts presented by 39. Evidence from different types of cross-sectional research as well as observational data was considered. Collectively the data indicate that the association between maximum strength and sport performance related variables such as peak power and peak rate of force development is quite strong. While explaining performance in strength/power sports is a multi-factorial problem, there is little doubt that maximum strength is a key component.
Meconium Obstruction in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Purpose: Mecnoium obstruction in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI), which delays enteral feeding and is one of the major causes of bowel obstruction, can be diagnosed and treated with hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast enema. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical findings of meconium obstruction, the improvement of small bowel obstruction after contrast enema, and the complications related to the enema. Methods: Hypersolmolar water-soluble contrast enemas were performed in 14 VLBWIs with meconium obstruction. Clinical findings, radiologic findings, feeding intolerance, effectiveness, and complications of enemas were observed. Also, clinical findings related to meconium obstruction were compared with 18 VLBWIs without meconium obstruction. Results: 1) Fourteen VLBWIs with meconium obstruction had significantly lower 5 minutes Apgar scores than 18 VLBWIs without meconium obstruction (p<0.05). Moreover, the day of last meconium passing, and the day of the first trial and full enteral feeding were delayed significantly. 2) A total of 18 enemas were performed in the 14 infants. The contrast medium passed the ileocecal valve and reached the terminal ileus in 12 enemas. Of the 12 enemas, 11 were successful, but 1 infant underwent an ileotomy, even though the contrast medium reached the terminal ileum. 3) Intestinal obstruction was not relieved in three of five infants, in whom the contrast medium failed to pass the ileocecal valve. Obstruction was relieved after repeated enemas in which the contrast medium reached the terminal ileum. 4) No complications associated with water-soluble contrast enemas were observed. Conclusion: Hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast enema is considered to be safe and therapeutic for meconium obstruction in VLBWIs. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 52∼58)
Pneumothorax in a Case of Electrocution- An Autopsy Report -

with increased basophilia and indistinct cytoplasmic borders. Focally the blood vessels showed myxoid change with neutrophilic infiltrate in the vessel wall and adjacent soft tissues. The underlying skeletal muscle showed fragmentation of skeletal muscle fibres. ABSTRACT Apart from skin injuries in the form of burns, passage of electric current seldom leaves significant internal findings at autopsy. Fractures, pulmonary oedema, hemothorax, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure and perforation of viscus have occasionally been reported. Pneumothorax in a case of electrocution is rarely reported and more so occurs when the port of entry of electric current is thorax. Here we report a case where an 18-year-old male accidentally got electrocuted while watering lawn and was brought dead to the casualty. Other than joule burn, pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumothorax was observed at autopsy. Other causes for pneumothorax were ruled out as there was no chest injury, underlying lung disease and no resuscitation were attempted on the deceased.
Bacterial autophagy

Autophagy is a vital process through which cellular material and dysfunctional organelles are degraded and recycled, and it is inhibited by the metabolic checkpoint kinase MTOR. Autophagy also targets intracellular bacteria (a process termed xenophagy) for lysosomal degradation, thereby playing a key role in innate immunity. In the past few years, the identification of molecules, such as CALCOCO2/NDP52, SQSTM1/p62 and ubiquitin, implicated in the specific targeting of intracellular bacteria, received considerable attention. However, it remains unclear how xenophagy is initiated, since this process commonly occurs in metabolically replete cells. In a recent study, we demonstrated that infection with Shigella and Salmonella triggered an early state of intracellular amino acid (AA) starvation causing MTOR dissociation from endomembranes, downregulation of MTOR activity and activation of the EIF2AK4/GCN2-EIF2S1/eIF2α/ATF3 signaling axis. We also observed that AA starvation was caused by host membrane damage, which appeared to be transient in the case of Salmonella and sustained in Shigella-infected cells, thus highlighting the existence of key timing disparities in xenophagy triggering, depending on the bacterial pathogen. Together, our findings demonstrate that xenophagy is only one arm of a more general metabolic switch geared toward AA starvation in bacteria-infected cells.
Refining tumor-associated aneuploidy through ‘genomic recoding’ of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations in 150 canine non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Identification of the genomic regions most intimately associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) pathogenesis is confounded by the genetic heterogeneity of human populations. We hypothesize that the restricted genetic variation of purebred dogs, combined with the contrasting architecture of the human and canine karyotypes, will increase the penetrance of fundamental NHL-associated chromosomal aberrations in both species. We surveyed non-random aneuploidy in 150 canine NHL cases, revealing limited genomic instability compared to their human counterparts and no evidence for CDKN2A/B deletion in canine B-cell NHL. ‘Genomic recoding’ of canine NHL data into a ‘virtual human’ chromosome format showed remarkably few regions of copy number aberration (CNA) shared between both species, restricted to regions of dog chromosomes 13 and 31, and human chromosomes 8 and 21. Our data suggest that gene discovery in NHL may be enhanced through comparative studies exploiting the less complex association between CNAs and tumor pathogenesis in canine patients.
PREBIOTICS AND BOWEL CANCER

Bowel cancer is a growing malignancy, with more than a million annual cases reported worldwide. It has been suggested that there is microbial involvement in onset of the disease and that an altered composition has previously been observed in those suffering from the malignancy, compared to healthy counterparts. The use of prebiotic functional foods to modify the colonic microflora may provide a method of reducing genotoxic potential within the colon, whilst offering protective strategies in the form of metabolites such as butyrate. The following review highlights some of the studies that demonstrate the potential role for prebiotics as protective factors against bowel cancer.
Use of Metformin in Clomiphene Citrate (CC) Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting between 4% and 8% of reproductive aged women. Although the symptoms and signs of PCOS are very heterogeneous, the syndrome usually presents with any combination of the following, menstrual irregularities (usually oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea), signs of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, alopecia) a characteristic appearance of the ovaries on ultrasound examination and an endocrine disturbance often involving high serum concentrations of LH and androgens.There is a well established association between PCOS, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance is a pivotal defect in PCOS probably counts as one of the most important advances in the battle to control the disorder. This metabolic abnormality leads to a compensatory increase in circulating insulin and this elevated insulin level directly stimulates the ovary to produce excess androgens. It also decreases hepatic sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), so increasing biologically available free testosterone concentration in the circulation. This metabolic derangement leads to oligomenorrhea and anovulation.Different insulin sensitizers are used to revert the hyperinsulinemic condition. Metformin is top of them, which proved to enhance ovulation in insulin resistant PCOS when used with different ovulation inducing agents. Metformin reduces insulin resistance of peripheral tissue and allows muscle and adipose cells to take in glucose at normal insulin levels. It inhibits hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption and promotes glucose uptake, utilization by peripheral tissues at the postreceptor level. In this way it reduces insulin level and subsequently androgen level. It is easily available, safe and no teratogenic or adverse fetal outcome were reported by any researcher. It can be used safely in clomiphene resistant PCOS patients.