Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Early Mechanisms of Bone Formation after Maxillary Sinus Membrane Elevation: An Experimental Histological and Immunohistochemical Study.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown predictable bone formation in the maxillary sinus after membrane elevation. However, how and where the bone is formed is not well understood. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to histologically and immunohistochemically study the early bone formation events in primates after membrane elevation in the maxillary sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine adult male tufted capuchin primates (Cebus apella) were included in the study. Eight animals were subjected to bilateral maxillary sinus membrane elevation using a lateral replaceable bone window technique. One oxidized dental implant was placed into the maxillary sinus cavity on both sides. In four animals, one sinus was left without any additional treatment, whereas the contralateral sinus was filled with autologous bone grafts from the tibia. In two animals, the implants were inserted under the elevated sinus membrane on both sides. In two animals, the sinus membrane was totally removed. The animals were euthanized after 10 or 45 days. One nonoperated animal representing pristine tissue conditions served as control. The maxillary sinuses with implants were retrieved and further processed for light microscopic ground sections or decalcified sections for immune-histochemical analyses. RESULTS Bone formation started from the bottom of the sinus floor, sprouting into the granulation tissue along the implant surface under the elevated membrane irrespective of time and surgical technique. Bone formation was not seen in direct conjunction with the sinus membrane. A distinct expression of osteopontin was observed in the serous glands of the lamina propria close to the implant within all groups. CONCLUSION Bone formation after sinus membrane elevation with or without additional bone grafts starts at the sinus floor and sprouts into the elevated space along the implant surface. The sinus membrane does not seem to present osteoinductive potential in sinus membrane elevation procedures in this study.
Transcriptional Regulation of Intracellular IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene by IL-1α in Primary Mouse Keratinocytes

The inflammatory cytokine IL-1α mediates inflammatory reactions in skin and up-regulates the expression of other proinflammatory genes. We previously found that IL-1α also increases steady state mRNA levels for intracellular IL-1 receptor antagonist (icIL-1Ra) in primary mouse keratinocytes; however, the mechanism for this was unknown. Here we show that increased expression in primary keratinocytes is due to increased rates of transcription. To study the transcriptional regulation of icIL-1Ra expression induced by IL-1α, we functionally characterized 4.5 kb of the 5′-flanking region of the human icIL-1Ra gene. Deletion analysis showed that regulatory elements were contained in the −598- and −288-bp region upstream of the transcription start site. Then we investigated cis- and trans-acting factors required for icIL-1Ra expression and found that a NF-IL-6 site and a NF-κB site in the icIL-1Ra promoter were responsible for IL-1α-induced icIL-1Ra expression. Moreover, gel shift assays and cotransfection experiments showed that CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α, β, and p65 bind to the NF-IL-6 site and NF-κB site, respectively, and functionally trans-activate the icIL-1Ra promoter. Finally, mutational analysis confirmed that these elements were both essential for maximal transcription induced by IL-1α.
RAY: Integrating Rx and Async for Direct-Style Reactive Streams

Languages like F#, C#, and recently also Scala, provide “async” extensions which aim to make asynchronous programming easier by avoiding an inversion of control that is inherent in traditional callback-based programming models (for the purpose of this paper called the “Async” model). This paper outlines a novel approach to integrate the Async model with observable streams of the Reactive Extensions model which is best-known from the . NET platform, and of which popular implementations exist for Java, Ruby, and other widespread languages. We outline the translation of “Reactive Async” programs to efficient state machines, in a way that generalizes the state machine translation of regular Async programs. Finally, we sketch a formalization of the Reactive Async model in terms of a small-step operational semantics.
Autoantibodies, metalloproteinases and bone markers in rheumatoid arthritis patients are unable to predict their responses to infliximab.

OBJECTIVES To identify biochemical, immunological and bone markers as predictors of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' responses to infliximab. METHODS A total of 76 patients with active RA (American College of Rheumatology criteria), refractory to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, including methotrexate, received infliximab (3 mg/kg) infusions at weeks 0, 2, 6, and then every 8 weeks in combination with methotrexate or leflunomide. At week 14, infliximab efficacy was evaluated using disease activity score (DAS)28. A serum sample, collected just before starting infliximab, was tested by ELISA (unless stated otherwise) for the following immunological markers: rheumatoid factor by agglutination and ELISA (IgA, IgG and IgM isotypes); anti-cyclic citrullinated protein; autoantibodies recognizing calpastatin domain I and its 27 C-terminal fragment, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, alpha-enolase; anti-keratin and anti-perinuclear factor antibodies (immunofluorescence); biochemical markers: C-reactive protein (nephelometry), metalloproteinase-1 and -3, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2, antioxidants (vitamins A and E; selenium); bone resorption markers: pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Each parameter's predictive value of the response to infliximab was analysed using Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests. Hierarchical clustering was performed with The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) multiple experiment viewer software. RESULTS Good, moderate and non-responder rates were 6.5, 61.8 and 31.5%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between responders and non-responders, regardless of the serum parameters considered. Analysis of dichotomous or continuous variables failed to identify markers predictive of a good or poor response to infliximab. CONCLUSION The search for soluble markers in RA patients' sera likely to predict response to infliximab because of their involvement in RA pathogenesis seems disappointing. However, because of the limited power to detect smaller differences in biomarkers, the present study is a preliminary exploratory analysis.
The β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Alzheimer's Disease: Does the Tail Wag the Dog?

The β‐amyloid precursor protein has been the focus of much attention from the Alzheimer's disease community for the past decade and a half. The β‐amyloid precursor protein holds a pivotal position in Alzheimer's disease research because it is the precursor to the amyloid β‐protein which many believe plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. It was also the first gene in which mutations associated with inherited Alzheimer's disease were found. Although the molecular details of the generation of amyloid β‐protein from β‐amyloid precursor protein are being unraveled, the actual physiological functions of β‐amyloid precursor protein are far from clear. This situation is changing as accumulating new evidence suggests that the C‐terminal cytosolic tail of β‐amyloid precursor protein may have multiple biological activities, ranging from axonal transport to nuclear signaling. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the biological functions of β‐amyloid precursor protein.
Revision of diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease (the 5th revised edition)

Abstract Diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki Disease was revised to meet the present situation in 2002. This issue intends to explain new guidelines and their backgrounds. Major alterations are interpretation of cases with 4 or fewer febrile days shortened by early intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, and the clinical importance of atypical (incomplete, or suspected) cases.
The SAP Family: A New Class of Adaptor-Like Molecules That Regulates Immune Cell Functions

EAT-2 is a member of a newly described adaptor-like protein family consisting, at the moment, of EAT-2 and the signaling lymphocytic-activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP). Both proteins are expressed in immune cells and can bind to members of the SLAM family of immune receptors. However, differences between the two proteins exist. There appears to be little overlap in the types of immune cells that express SAP and EAT-2, and the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of SAP can bind to unphosphorylated tyrosines, whereas the SH2 domain of EAT-2 cannot. Veillette discusses new findings on the functions of EAT-2 and SAP and how they might regulate signals emanating from the SLAM family of receptors.
Maternal obesity: a review of interventions

Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health issue and has consequences for nearly all areas of medicine. Within obstetrics, obesity not only has direct implications for the health of a pregnancy but also impacts on the weight of the child in infancy and beyond. As such, maternal weight may influence the prevalence and severity of obesity in future generations. Pregnancy has been identified as a key time to target a weight control or weight loss strategy to help curb the rapidly growing obesity epidemic. In addition, if delivered sensitively, pregnancy may be a good time to target health behaviour changes by using the extra motivation women tend to have at this time to maximise the health of their child.
A calibration method of kinematic parameters for serial industrial robots

Purpose – Calibrating kinematic parameters is one of the efficient ways to improve the robot's positioning accuracy. A method based on the product-of-exponential (POE) formula to calibrate the kinematic parameters of serial industrial robots is proposed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The forward kinematics is established, and the general positioning error model is deduced in an explicit expression. A simplified model of robot's positioning error is established as both the error of reference configuration and the error of rigid displacement of the base coordinating system with respect to the measuring coordinating system are equivalently transferred to the zero position errors of the robot's joints. A practical calibration model is forwarded only requiring 3D measuring based on least-squares algorithm. The calibration system and strategy for calibrating kinematic parameters are designed. Findings – By the two geometrical constrains between the twist coordinates, each.
DispersiveCast: Dispersive Packets Transmission to Multiple sinks for Energy Saving in Sensor Networks

This paper proposes two schemes for wireless sensor networks with multiple sinks in order to save battery energy and to improve network lifetime performance. In these schemes, each sensor node transmits sensing data to randomly chosen sink according to the sending rates. These schemes are referred to as DispersiveCast. The first decentralized scheme called B-DOP scheme (basic DispersiveCast of packet), enables each sensor node to derive locally the sending rate by the number of hops to sinks. The second one is O-DOP scheme (optimal DispersiveCast of packet) that is partially centralized than B-DOP. In O-DOP, sinks send the information to nodes so as for them to calculate the optimal sending rates. DispersiveCast is effective when the generate rate of sensing data at every sensor node geographical nonuniformity. In such a situation, batteries of nodes in the specific area deplete fast and others late, which causes partial depletion of the entire network. As a result, network lifetime can not be extended sufficiently. We evaluate the DispersiveCast schemes by simulations for several network topologies and show that DispersiveCast scheme prolongs the network lifetime compared with the conventional nearest sink scheme, especially O-DOP can achieve 1.5 times longer
The Association of Medical Conditions and Presenteeism

A self-reported measure of four domains of work impairment based on the Work Limitations Questionnaire was completed by 16,651 employees of a large financial services corporation. Using a multivariate model to control for coexisting conditions, age, and gender, significant relationships were observed between medical conditions and patterns of impaired work performance. Depression was highly associated with work limitations in time management (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05), interpersonal/mental functioning (OR = 2.50), and overall output (OR = 2.24). Arthritis (OR = 1.56) and low back pain (OR = 1.32) were associated with physical function limitations. These same two conditions were associated with limitations in mental/interpersonal functioning but with low back pain having the higher odds ratio (OR = 1.54 vs. 1.22). These results suggest that worksite interventions (eg, disease management programs) should be tailored to the unique effects observed with specific medical conditions. More targeted programs could have important benefits for productivity in the workplace.
The first study on the bacterial flora of the european spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The European spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans Kugelann (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), is one of the most serious pests of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.) in Turkey. In this study, we investigated bacterial flora of D. micans collected from different populations of the forests of Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey from 2002 to 2004. Seven different bacteria were isolated from healthy, diseased and dead specimens based on the color of colony and morphology. According to morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, metobolic enyzme profile by BIOLOG microtiter plate system, and total cellular fatty acid profile by Microbial Identification System (MIS), isolates were identified as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, Serratia grimesii, Enterobacter cloaceae, Enterobacter intermedius, Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas putida. This is the first study on the bacterial flora of D. micans.
Constituting American modernity

Evelyn Nakano Glenn’s Unequal Freedom is a superbly put together account of how race and gender inequities in the Unites States are both structured and contested in the arenas of labor and citizenship, ostensibly the private and public arenas of life in liberalism. She juxtaposes the histories of Mexican Americans in the Southwest, African Americans in the South, and Japanese Americans in Hawai‘i from Reconstruction through the Progressive era between 1870–1930 to show that although universal citizenship rights were allegedly accessible to all those who held formal citizenship, those deemed persons of color were excluded. The resistances against oppression by these communities of color in these three regions where agriculture dominated the economy transformed the meanings attributed to labor and citizenship. This book is an absolutely crucial intervention on the debates on citizenship, effectively questioning critiques of race activism in present-day United States. Conservatives’ take on race politics – their misreadings of American history as all-inclusive with perhaps slavery as an unfortunate aberration, their rather standard arguments that communities of color illiberally politicize race and destroy so-called American ideals of non-sectarianism and equality – are not worth rehashing here. But on the other hand we have progressives, who say they are rooted in socially emancipatory traditions, but will argue that race politics are merely palliative measures that do not R E V I E W S Y M P O S I U M
VEGF‐overexpressing transgenic mice show enhanced post‐ischemic neurogenesis and neuromigration

New neurons are generated continuously in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of the adult brain. Neuropathologic processes, including cerebral ischemia, can enhance neurogenesis, as can growth factors and other physiologic stimuli. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic and neuroprotective growth factor that can promote neurogenesis, but it is unknown whether VEGF can enhance migration of newborn neurons toward sites of ischemic injury, where they might be able to replace neurons that undergo ischemic death. In the present study we produced permanent focal cerebral ischemia in transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress VEGF. Cell proliferation and neurogenesis were assessed with bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) labeling and immunostaining for cell type‐specific markers. In VEGF‐Tg mice, brains examined 7–28 days after cerebral ischemia showed markedly increased subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis, chains of neuroblasts extending from the SVZ to the peri‐infarct cortex, and an increase in the number of newly generated cortical neurons at 14–28 days after ischemia. In concert with these effects, VEGF overexpression reduced infarct volume and improved postischemic motor function. These findings provide evidence that VEGF increases SVZ neurogenesis and neuromigration, consistent with a possible role in repair. Our data suggest that in addition to its neuroprotective effects, which are associated with improved outcome in the acute phase after cerebral ischemia, VEGF enhances postischemic neurogenesis, which could provide a therapeutic target for more chronic brain repair. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of Pelvic and Para-aortic Lymphadenectomy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

AIM The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of systemic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy on survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multi-centric descriptive study included patients with initially inoperable advanced ovarian cancer, undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cytoreductive surgery with no residual tumor between 1998 and 2012. They were distributed into two groups depending on if they underwent lymphadenectomy or not during the interval surgery. RESULTS Among the 101 included patients, 54 underwent lymphadenectomy and 47 did not. The multivariate analysis for overall survival showed no significant difference between the two groups [hazard ratio (HR)=1.88, confidence interval (CI)=0.89-3.94; p=0.08]. The multivariate analysis for progression-free survival showed no significant difference (HR=1.43, 95% CI=0.86-2.39; p=0.17). CONCLUSION In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval surgery with no residual tumor, lymphadenectomy does not seem to improve the survival rate.
Citizen Science as a Tool for Conservation in Residential Ecosystems

Human activities, such as mining, forestry, and agriculture, strongly influence processes in natural systems. Because conservation has focused on managing and protecting wildlands, research has focused on understanding the indirect influence of these human activities on wildlands. Although a conservation focus on wildlands is critically important, the concept of residential area as an ecosystem is relatively new, and little is known about the potential of such areas to contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. As urban sprawl increases, it becomes urgent to construct a method to research and improve the impacts of management strategies for residential landscapes. If the cumulative activities of individual property owners could help conserve biodiversity, then residential matrix management could become a critical piece of the conservation puzzle. "Citizen science" is a method of integrating public outreach and scientific data collection locally, regionally, and across large geographic scales. By involving citizen participants directly in monitoring and active management of residential lands, citizen science can generate powerful matrix management efforts, defying the "tyranny of small decisions" and leading to positive, cumulative, and measurable impacts on biodiversity.
Darwinian Thinking: 150 Years after The Origin*

hypothesis that adaptive divergence leads to speciation and to the evolution of traits and behaviors that influence the prospects for species coexistence. A key issue here is the role of character displacement in the origin and mainte- nance of diversity. Pfennig and Pfennig find substantial evidence that character displacement plays an important role in the evolution of species interactions and identify a number of additional areas that Darwin had not con- sidered, including sexual selection and phenotypic plas- ticity. Their paper clearly illustrates how Darwin's original observations continue to shape our thinking on the in- terface between ecology, behavior, and evolution. Of the many insightful observations presented in The Origin, perhaps none is more remarkable than Darwin's discussion of the evolution of hybrid sterility. He under- stood that sterility could not have evolved as an adaptation of individual species and that interactions in the hybrids stemming from the contributions of each parent caused incompatibilities, but without today's specific knowledge of genetics, he was unable to reach a satisfactory expla- nation. Presgraves (2010) reviews this topic in detail, in- cluding an historical perspective on the contributions by Darwin, Muller, and Dobzhansky to the problem. He also provides an overview of the recent advances in our un- derstanding of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to the evolution of hybrid incompatibilities. This includes evidence that genetic conflict, and not adaptive divergence, may be a primary cause of hybrid sterility and inviability. Darwin considered multiple sources of evidence to gain support for his theory of natural selection, including the evolution of both living and extinct organisms. Hunt (2010) describes Darwin's attempts to use the fossil record to test the hypothesis that evolution by natural selection is a gradual process. Darwin argued at the time that the record was too incomplete to provide an adequate test. Hunt reviews the current paleontological record and con- cludes that over short periods, rates of morphological evo- lution are sometimes considerably faster than Darwin had proposed. Sticklebacks provide a particularly illustrative case, where a nearly continuous record extending over the last 10 million years shows that most phenotypic evolution occurred over a brief period of approximately 1,000 gen- erations. Moreover, for a wide variety of organisms and
ELECTRON MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF CH ( COOH ) 2

-Integration from the standpoint of instrumentation is provided by any device wherein the time rate of change of an output quantity is accurately proportional to the input quantity. Viscous shear in fluids is a very useful means of realizing integration when mechanical torque acts as the input and the angular velocity of a rotor with respect to a stator is the output. This type of integration is widely used in situations requiring high accuracy for oscillatory inputs with output angles restricted to small magnitudes. The paper outlines the background of viscous-shear integration and develops concepts for describing integrator operation. These concepts are applied to the practically important case of the singledegree-of-freedom integrating gyro unit as an illustration of viscous-shear-integrator operation. The physical dimensions and fluid properties associated with gyro unit integrating components are taken as typical of the problems that may be solved by viscous-shear integrators. The essential problem is that of causing shearing forces in a thin fluid layer between a cylindrical rotor and a cylindrical stator to produce a torque on the rotor with its magnitude closely proportional to the relative angular velocity between the two cylinders. For practical applications, this proportionality should