Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination at the Workplace in Southwestern Uganda: Challenges and Solutions

Globally, the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to have an enormous impact on affected societies. Despite several health promotion interventions being carried out, HIV/AIDS remains a major cause of deaths in low and middle income countries. At the workplace, the pandemic has brought about reduction in productivity, increased staff turnover, increased production costs, high levels of stigma, etc. HIV stigma is one of the main reasons why the pandemic has continued to devastate a number of societies around the world. HIV stigma presents barriers to HIV prevention in different settings including the workplace. Unlike large enterprises, small-scale enterprises have received less attention in the fight against HIV/AIDS. This study’s purpose was to explore how employers and employees can overcome challenges of HIV-related stigma at the workplace. This study employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected from eighteen participants in three small-scale enterprises in Kabale. Findings indicate that small-scale enterprises are faced with the fear of HIV testing, status disclosure, staff turnover, suicidal thoughts, gossip, etc. Implementing operative national HIV workplace policies may enable small-scale enterprises to overcome challenges of HIV-related stigma at the workplace.
Site Suitability Analysis for Low Cost Sensor Networks for Urban Spatially Dense Air Pollution Monitoring

Urban air pollution continues to represent a primary concern for human health, despite significant efforts by public authorities for mitigating its effects. Regulatory monitoring networks are essential tools for air pollution monitoring. However, they are sparse networks, unable to capture the spatial variability of the air pollutants. For addressing this issue, networks of low cost stations are deployed, supplementing the regulatory stations. Regarding this application, an important question is where these stations are installed The objective of this study was to generate a site suitability map for the development of a network of low cost multi-sensor stations across a city for a spatially dense urban air quality monitoring. To do that, a site suitability analysis was developed based on two geographical variables properly selected for representing the impact of urban pollutant sources and urban form on the pollutant concentrations. By processing information about emissions patterns and street canyon effects, we were able to identify air quality hotspot areas supposed to show high spatial variability. Low cost monitoring stations, there located, are able to provide that informative content, which is lacking for both regulatory monitoring networks and predictive modelling for high resolution air quality mapping.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flows in Gas Springs

Thermodynamical processes and fluid mechanics phenomena occurring in an unlubricated piston-cylinder gas spring are investigated. Existing instantaneous heat transfer correlations are not applicable to the piston-cylinder compressed volumes. Accurate prediction of the transient thermal properties, heat transfer and fluid flows for the high performance, tight tolerance and lubricant-free gas compressors (e.g. cryo-cooling industry) is of high industrial importance. Research is here done with the use of ANSYS CFX finite-volume numerical package, modelling the closed fluid domain in a valveless non-lubricated one-piston-cylinder gas spring. Obtained numerically simulated values are compared to experimentally measured pressure and heat-flux data; very good agreement is observed. Broad discussion and conclusions with regard to thermodynamic and fluid-flow phenomena occurring are presented.
Housing and health evaluation related to general comfort and indoor thermal comfort satisfaction during the COVID-19 lockdown

ABSTRACT Health evaluation of the indoor environment is an important part of the housing study. During the recent COVID-19 lockdown and the increase of longer indoor stays pose a measured threat to general health conditions of residents, especially those that live in more compact and populated living environments. For health-oriented studies that focus on the analysis of indoor environments, many variables should be taken into consideration that could also help to optimize natural lighting, natural airflow, better privacy, less noise from neighboring housing units/buildings, etc. Hence, this study focuses on satisfaction analysis of both general comfort and indoor thermal comfort. By evaluating these, we are able to shed light on inequalities that exist across a large body of 10 housing typologies in the UK. The sample-based satisfaction analysis is representative to indicate the correlations between multiple factors, and specifically those that could have negative impacts on the living indoor environments and human health. The findings of this study suggest that based on the collected data, there is a definite link between dissatisfaction rates and the implications of the housing conditions. Under the circumstances of the lockdown period, the study’s findings could help to find solutions for better indoor environment design, upgraded standards, and pathways for new policy guidelines. A discussion on correlation analysis highlights the issues that are important for the study of housing and health.
Gastric Electrical Stimulation Has an Effect on Gastric Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) That is Associated With Mast Cells

Introduction Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an emerging therapy for gastric motility disorders, showing improvement of gastroparesis related symptoms in previous studies. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and mast cells have been shown to have a relevant role in gastroparesis pathogenesis. However, the exact effects of GES in those cells is relatively unknown. Methods Full thickness biopsies (FTBx) of 20 patients with refractory gastroparesis were obtained at the time of GES placement and repeated when the device was exchanged (mean of 22.5 months between biopsies). A patient-reported outcomes survey was obtained during each office visit during this period. All biopsies were stained with cluster of differentiation 117 (CD117), S100, and mast cell tryptase antibodies and were analyzed. Results Half of the patients had a significant increase of ICC during the repeated biopsy compared with baseline (p=0.01) and the other half had significant decrease in ICC levels (p=0.006) but there was no noticeable difference in mast cells counts at baseline between groups. Mast cells analysis was performed in two different groups depending on ICC change from the baseline biopsy (CD117 increase vs CD117 decrease). There was only a significant increase of mast cells count within the CD117 worsened ICC group (p=0.007). Conclusion No significant increase in the number of mast cells count seen in patients who received a GES may indicate an improvement in overall inflammation in patients with refractory gastroparesis after GES placement.
Numerical prediction of damage mechanisms of E-Glass/epoxy composite material against ballistic impact of 7.62 MS projectile

The fibre reinforced polymer matrix composite materials have acquired more credibility over other materials like metals and ceramics due to their high specific strength. Numerical simulations of ballistic impact of 7.62 mild steel projectile on various thicknesses of plain woven E-Glass/epoxy composite material were performed. Residual velocity and ballistic limit of the composite material were determined numerically and the results are compared with that of experiments published elsewhere. The numerical and experimental results are in good agreement. The numerical results are also compared with Recht-Ipson (R-I) and Gellert et al analytical models and are found to be in good correlation. Various failure mechanisms such as two stage damage mechanism namely dishing in target materials less than 10mm and indentation followed by dishing in target materials greater than 10 mm, delamination, and fibre and matrix failure modes of the composite material were studied and compared with the analytical models and experimental results. The wave propagation mechanisms and the damage phenomena are also studied and correlated.
Authority and priority signals in automatic summary generation for online reputation management

Online reputation management (ORM) comprises the collection of techniques that help monitoring and improving the public image of an entity (companies, products, institutions) on the Internet. The ORM experts try to minimize the negative impact of the information about an entity while maximizing the positive material for being more trustworthy to the customers. Due to the huge amount of information that is published on the Internet every day, there is a need to summarize the entire flow of information to obtain only those data that are relevant to the entities. Traditionally the automatic summarization task in the ORM scenario takes some in‐domain signals into account such as popularity, polarity for reputation and novelty but exists other feature to be considered, the authority of the people. This authority depends on the ability to convince others and therefore to influence opinions. In this work, we propose the use of authority signals that measures the influence of a user jointly with (a) priority signals related to the ORM domain and (b) information regarding the different topics that influential people is talking about. Our results indicate that the use of authority signals may significantly improve the quality of the summaries that are automatically generated.
Polyphenols Content and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Hemolytic Activities of Essential Oils from Four Selected Medicinal Plants Growing in Algeria

The Saharan and steppe spontaneous plants are very characteristic because of their particular adaptation to the desert and extreme environment. Some species have pharmacological properties that give them a medicinal interest. The aim of the present work was to determine the polyphenol contents of essential oils obtained from four endemic plants growing in Algeria ( Pituranthos scoparius , Myrtus nivellei , Rosmarinus officinalis and Mentha piperita ), and study its biological activity, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hemolytic. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method against twelve strains. The antioxidant activity was carried out by two methods (DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power). However, the hemolytic effect has been evaluated against the red blood cells. P. scoparius and M. piperita showed yields of essential oils higher than 1%. All the strains showed sensitivity against the essential oils tested with the exception of the C. albicans treated by R. officinalis essential oils. The most sensitive strain was C. albicans treated by P. scoparius essential oils by MIC of 0.0781 mg/mL, it was the same plant that shows the highest polyphenol content (14.78 ± 0.72 g GAE/g DS). The antioxidant activity by the DPPH method was greater for all essential oils tested by IC 50 ranging from 0.69 ± 0.07 ( R. officinalis ) to 30.67 ± 2.12 mg/mL ( M. nivellei ). The R. officinalis essential oils reported more antioxidant power than the positive control (ascorbic acid). In reducing iron, it was the R. officinalis essential oils which were found to be the most active with an EC 50 concentration of 9.67 ± 1.36 mg/mL. After 120 min incubation, minimal haemolysis (10%) was obtained with essential oils of R. officinalis at a concentration of 0.39 mg/mL. We conclude that P. scoparius essential oils showed the high content of polyphenols and R. officinalis essential oils reported more antioxidant power than the positive control (ascorbic acid).
The enrichment of 137Cs in the soil loss from small agricultural watersheds

Enrichment ratios (ER) are widely used to predict loss of sorbed nutrients or pesticides with runoff sediment, while ER is frequently neglected in studies which quantify past erosion from global fallout 137Cs losses. The ER of 137Cs (ER- 137Cs) in the soil loss and the subsequent depletion of 137Cs at the soil surface were determined for eight small watersheds (1.6–16.8 ha) with different soils and land use. Due to preferential loss of the clay fraction, the upper 5 mm of the soil surface was significantly depleted of 137Cs after a heavy storm. A total of 31 watershed-events were investigated with soil losses ranging between 1.2 and 480 kg-ha−1 and sediment concentrations between 1.98 and 54.1 gṁL−1 The correspondent ER-137Cs (mean: 1.72, range: 0.40–4.95) was positively correlated to the ER of clay, organic carbon, total nitrogen and calcium-acetate-lactate-extractable phosphorus (PCAL). A close correlation between ER-137Cs and ER-PCAL was also found for sediment samples of detention ponds, where most of the ER values were less than 1.0 due to depletion. Therefore, ER-PCAL seems to be a suitable estimate of ER-137Cs for both, erosion and deposition processes. Our findings strongly support the need for considering ER-137Cs, when ,37Cs data are used to assess rates and pattern of soil redistribution. Otherwise, soil loss will be overestimated in a range of about factor 2 in many cases. Die Anreicherung von 137Cs im Bodenabtrag kleiner, landwirtschaftlich genutzter Einzugsgebiete Anreicherungsverhaltnisse (ER) werden haufig benutzt, um die Verluste von sedimentgebundenen Nahrstoffen oder Pestiziden mit dem Oberflacbenabflus vorherzusagen. Bei Untersuchungen, welche die Erosion retrospektiv uber den Verlust von Fallout-137Cs quantifizieren, werden ER dagegen haufig vernachlassigt. Die Anreicherung von 137Cs (ER-137Cs) im Bodenabtrag und die damit einhergehende Verarmung der Bodenoberflache wurde fur 8 kleine Einzugsgebiete (1.6–16.8 ha) mit unterschiedlichen Boden und Nutzungen untersucht. Der Uberproportionale Verlust der Tonfraktion fuhrte nach einem heftigen Gewitterregen zur signifikanten Abreicherung von 137Cs in den obersten 5 mm des Bodens. Insgesamt wurden 31 Abflusereignisse untersucht mit Bodenabtragen von 1.2 bis 480 kgṁha−1 und Sedimentkonzentrationen von 1.98 bis 54.1 gṁL−1. ER-137Cs betrug im Mittel 1.72 (0.40–4.95) und korrelierte positiv mit dem ER von Ton, von organischem Kohlenstoff, Gesamtstickstoff und CAL-extrahierbarem Phosphat (PCAL). Eine enge Korrelation zwischen ER-137Cs und ER-PCAL wurde auch bei Sedimentproben kleiner Abflus-Ruckhaltebecken gefunden, bei denen wegen Abreicherung die ER meist kleiner als 1.0 waren. ER-PCAL erscheint daher gut geeignet zur Abschatzung von ER-137Cs, sowohl bei Erosions- als auch Depositionsprozessen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung bekraftigt die Forderung, ER-137Cs miteinzubeziehen, wenn 137Cs-Daten verwendet werden, um Ausmas und Muster von Bodenumverlagerungen zu bestimmen. Andernfalls wird der Bodenabtrag in vielen Fallen etwa um den Faktor 2 uberschatzt.
Incoherent elastic neutron scattering as a function of temperature : A fast way to characterise in-situ biological dynamics in complex solutions

Thermal motions in macromolecules have been shown to be highly relevant in biology, allowing, for example, functionally important conformational changes to occur on much longer time-scales. Because of the values of their associated wavelengths and energies, thermal and cold neutrons are uniquely suitable for the characterization of these confined pico- to nano-second motions. Information useful to furthering understanding in biology, however, is mostly derived from measurements on many different systems under various conditions. Incoherent elastic neutron scattering temperature scans allow rapid screening of samples and conditions. The power of the method is demonstrated by recent results on proteins in solution and complex biological systems.
Correlations Between Stroke Structural Characteristics and Stroke Effect of Young Table Tennis Players

Background: A perfect stroke is essential for winning table tennis competition. A perfect stroke is closely related to reasonable stroke structure, which directly affects the stroke effect. The main purpose of this study was to examine the correlations between the structural characteristics of stroke and the stroke effect. Methods: Forty-two young table tennis players were randomly selected from China Table Tennis College (M age = 14.21 ± 2.13; M height = 1.57 ± 0.14 m; M weight = 46.05 ± 6.52 kg, right-hand racket, shake-hands grip, no injuries in each joint of the body). The high-speed infrared motion capture system was used to collect the data of stroke structural characteristics, and the high-speed camera was used to measure the spin speed of the stroke. The influence of striking structural characteristics on striking effect was examined.Results: The time duration of backswing and forward motion were significantly correlated with ball speed (r = -0.403, p < 0.01; r = -0.390, p < 0.01, respectively) and spin speed (r = -0.244, p = 0.027; r = -0.369, p < 0.01, respectively). The linear velocity of right wrist joint was positively correlated with ball speed (r = 0.298, p < 0.01) and spin speed (r = 0.238, p = 0.031). The angular velocity of right elbow joint and right hip joint were positively correlated with ball speed (r = 0.219, p = 0.013; r = 0.427, p < 0.01, respectively) and spin speed (r = 0.172, p = 0.048; r = 0.277, p = 0.012, respectively). The angular velocity of right knee joint had a significantly negative correlation with placement (r = -0.246, p = 0.026). The angular velocity of right ankle joint had a significantly positive correlation with the ball speed (r = 0.443, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The time allocation of the three phases of backspin forehand stroke had an important impact on stroke effect, especially the ball speed and spin speed. The ball speed of the stroke was mainly affected by the translation of the right wrist joint. The spin speed of the stroke was mainly affected by the translation of the right wrist joint. The placement of the stroke was mainly affected by the rotation of the right knee joint.
Responses to drought stress modulate the susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine

BackgroundClimate change will increase the occurrence of plants being simultaneously subjected to drought and pathogen stress. Although it is well known that drought can alter the way in which plants respond to pathogens, knowledge about the effect of concurrent drought and biotic stress on grapevine is scarce. This is especially true for Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. This research addresses how vines with different drought tolerances respond to challenge with P. viticola, drought stress or their combination and how one stress affects the other.ResultsArtificial inoculation was performed on two cultivars exposed to full or deficit irrigation in the Mediterranean climate of Cyprus. In parallel, leaf discs from these plants were inoculated under controlled conditions. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll, and phytohormones. Under irrigation, the local Cypriot cultivar Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay. Successful infection by P. viticola at 1.5 days post inoculation was associated with high levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and proline and strong decreases in antioxidant enzyme activity. Drought, on the other hand, triggered the accumulation of IAA and abscisic acid (ABA), which antagonized JA and SA. Exposure to drought stress increased the susceptibility to P. viticola of the leaves inoculated under controlled conditions. Conversely, both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta under continued deficit irrigation. Despite their resistance, the pathogen-associated responses of IAA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline still occurred in these drought-stressed plants. Surprisingly, ABA, rather than the generally implicated JA and SA, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance.ConclusionsDrought exposure increased the susceptibility of leaves inoculated in vitro. Conversely, deficit irrigation induced resistance to P. viticola in both Chardonnay and Xynisteri plants inoculated in planta. ABA, rather than JA and SA, was implicated in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility indicates that the changing climate and the practices used to mitigate its effects may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.
Research on the Integration of Inquiry-based Approach into the Environmental Education of Sustainable Development

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), environmental literacy is an expected result of environmental education. Therefore, in the field of education, it is necessary and very important to raise the level of environmental education and to raise awareness of environmental protection. Physical education is a curriculum that is practiced by people. The purpose of this research is to design a physical education curriculum based on an inquiry-based approach and integrate environmental education issues to achieve sustainable educational goals. Therefore, in the design, we must first understand the environmental issues and then understand the exploratory teaching activities of physical education. Through the three main stages and the five main elements of the teaching process, stimulate students’ critical thinking about environmental problems, and use physical activities to solve the environment. In this course, expanding the content of physical education teaching also breaks through the traditional teaching methods based on traditional sports skills, making physical education more meaningful. Finally, it is suggested that during the course implementation, students should pay attention to students ‘problem solutions and provide reflection diary after class to observe the students’ environmental literacy learning curve.
Social Media and Environmental Activism: Framing Climate Change on Facebook by Global NGOs

Analyzing Facebook content produced by 289 global climate nonprofits from 18 countries, this study investigates these NGOs’ framing of climate change. Of the three protest frames, diagnostic was most popular. Of the three aspects of climate change, including impact, action, and efficacy, action was used most frequently, while efficacy was the least common. Messages refer to effects at the present time. NGOs from developed countries are more likely than those from developing nations to discuss climate actions. Climate impacts are more likely to appear in these NGOs’ persuasive messages than efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Diverse-shaped ZnO nanoparticles on polyester fabric through assorted in situ methods: studying plasma treatment order and different alkali media

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were in situ synthesized on the polyester fabric with different alkaline and plasma treatment orders. Diverse alkaline in various percentages along with different plasma orders were taken into account for synthesis of ZnO-NPs on the fabric at 130 °C for 1 h. In general, applying NaOH as an alkaline in synthesis of ZnO-NPs on polyester made the smallest ZnO-NPs with uniform distribution. Also, air plasma pre-treatment activated the surface of polyester fabric affected the shape of nanoparticles. The ZnO-NPs on the air plasma pre-treated fabric led to the even distribution of nanoparticles on the surface, while the plasma post-treatment caused the uneven nanoparticles distribution on the surface. The polyester/ZnO-NPs fabric were characterized by several techniques, including field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), EDS, and MAP analysis. The size, shape, and distribution of ZnO-NPs on the polyester fabric varied in each condition. Further, treatment with urea along with NaOH resulted in the smaller ZnO nanoparticles with better distribution of NPs.