Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory bowel disease: An evaluation of health information on the internet

AIM To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level. METHODS Google™, Bing™, and Yahoo™ search engines were searched independently by three researchers in December 2014. Only English-language websites were selected on the basis of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers independently evaluated the quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the HONcode instruments. The readability levels were calculated using two formulas; the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The agreement between the evaluators was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient. RESULTS Eighty-four websites were finally identified. Scores varied from a minimum DISCERN score of 18 to a maximum of 68 [mean ± SD, 42.2 ± 10.7; median = 41.5, interquartile range, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.8] and a minimum score of HONcode of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.95 (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.19; median = 0.45, IQR = 0.29). Most of these websites were reviewed in 2014 and 2015 (n = 51). The creators of these websites were: universities and research centers (n = 25, 30%), foundations and associations (n = 15, 18%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 25, 30%), charities and volunteer work (n = 9, 10%), and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 12%). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score (mean ± SD) was 11.9 ± 2.4 and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index score was 12.6 ± 1.5. Significant correlation was found between the two readability scores (R2 = 0.509, P = 0.001). The overall agreement between evaluators measured by Cohen kappa coefficient was in the range of 0.804-0.876; rated as "Good". CONCLUSION The DISCERN and the HONcode scores of websites varied and the readability levels of most websites were above the public readability level. The study highlights the areas that need further improvement and development in patient education online materials about IBD.
Peritoneal Dialysis: A Scoping Review of Strategies to Maximize PD Utilization

The percentage of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has declined in many countries since the mid-1990s. Barriers to PD have been reviewed extensively in the literature, but evidence about strategies to address these barriers and maximize the safe and effective use of PD is lacking. We therefore decided to conduct a scoping review identifying strategies to maximize PD use in adults with ESRD. Our search strategy included the following online databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Current Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for articles published from 1974 to November 2013. Experts in the field were contacted for information about other ongoing or unpublished studies. A complementary search was conducted in the gray literature. Websites of national, provincial or regional agencies were searched for documents regarding policies surrounding the use of PD. Individual dialysis centers need to identify barriers to increasing PD in their program and direct targeted strategies to maximize PD utilization. Our review highlights some effective strategies that may be used. Our review also highlights the need for further research into strategies to maximize PD utilization.
Communication styles in the cancer consultation: preferences for a patient‐centred approach

Objective: Although doctor–patient communication has been the focus of numerous studies, there is a lack of empirical evidence on which to base a curriculum for teaching effective communication skills for use in an oncology setting. Research within the general practice area identifies patient‐centred and doctor‐centred behaviours as the most important dimensions of doctor–patient communication. This study examined patients and their relatives/friends' preferences for and satisfaction with patient‐centred and doctor‐centred consulting styles. It was argued that by determining patient preferences for consulting styles, specific recommendations for improving communication in the oncology setting could be formulated.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN KNOWN ANTIPLATELET ANTIBODIES AND THE FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN IDIOPATHIC PURPURA. PHYSIOLOGIC, SEROLOGIC AND ISOTOPIC STUDIES

There is good evidence that a humoral factor is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) , for children of mothers with ITP are sometimes thrombocytopenic a t birth,' and the plasma of some patients with ITP causes thrombocytopenia when infused into normal individuals. ' That the I T P humoral factor may be an antibody, is suggested by similarities between I T P and thrombocytopenia caused by heterologous antibodies in animal^,^ ' and by drug antibodies or isoantibodies in Evidence for the immune nature of I T P has remained circumstantial, however, because there has been no satisfactory immunologic technique for characterizing the factor in I T P plasma that causes thrombocytopenia in homologous recipients and no proof that the I T P factor affects autologous platelets. The present report concerns direct evidence that the ITP factor destroys autologous platelets and is most likely an antibody. Although in vitro tests for antibody were negative with the I T P plasmas used, the ITP humoral factor appeared to be species specific, was adsorbed by platelets, and was found in the 7s gamma globulin fraction of plasma. The thrombocytopenic effects of I T P plasma were found to be quantitatively, as well as qualitatively, similar to those of known antiplatelet antibodies. Studies of experimental thrombocytopenia provided information on platelet production and reserve, on mechanisms of destruction of normal and immunologically altered platelets, and on the nature of the response to splenectomy and corticosteroid therapy in ITP.
Isometric immersions and self-similar buckling in Non-Euclidean elastic sheets

The edge of torn elastic sheets and growing leaves often form a hierarchical buckling pattern. Within non-Euclidean plate theory this complex morphology can be understood as low bending energy isometric immersions of hyperbolic Riemannian metrics. With this motivation we study the isometric immersion problem in strip and disk geometries. By finding explicit piecewise smooth solutions of hyperbolic Monge-Ampere equations on a strip, we show there exist periodic isometric immersions of hyperbolic surfaces in the small slope regime. We extend these solutions to exact isometric immersions through resummation of a formal asymptotic expansion. In the disc geometry we construct self-similar fractal-like isometric immersions for disks with constant negative curvature. The solutions in both the strip and disc geometry qualitatively resemble the patterns observed experimentally and numerically in torn elastic sheets, leaves and swelling hydrogels. For hyperbolic non-Euclidean sheets, complex wrinkling patterns are thus possible within the class of finite bending energy isometric immersions. Further, our results identify the key role of the degree of differentiability (regularity) of the isometric immersion in determining the global structure of a non-Euclidean elastic sheet in 3-space.
Effect of herbicidal killing of shrubs on abundance of adult Dermacetor andersoni (Acarnia: Ixodidae) in British Columbia.

The effect of herbicidal killing of shrubs on the numbers of host-seeking adult Dermacentor andersoni Stiles studied at 4 sites near Kamloops, British Columbia, from 1965 to 1972. After preliminary herbicide tests, selected plots were sprayed with a mixture of 2,4-D and picloram in 1966, with follow-up treatments of picloram pellets in 1967 and 1968. Adequate kills of Amelanchier, Rosa , and Prunus spp. were obtained after the 1st treatment at 3 of the sites. After the relatively resistant Symphoricarpos and Clematis were killed by the pellets, areas concerned were invaded by Bromus tectorum . Annual sampling of ticks by ‘flagging’ showed no consistent and significant differences in numbers on treated and untreated transects.
Citrulline: pharmacological perspectives and its role as an emerging biomarker in future

l‐citrulline is a naturally occurring non‐essential amino acid, an intermediate in urea cycle and conditionally essential in intestinal pathology. It is a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger and much more effective precursor of arginine and nitric oxide (NO) than arginine itself so exploited in therapeutics. Plasma citrulline concentration is used by clinicians to assess functional enterocyte mass in various chronic and acute small bowel pathologies like short bowel syndrome that has become an indication in clinical practice. Its supplementation is likely to be used in conditions like erectile dysfunction, sickle cell anemia, short bowel syndrome (to restore nitrogen balance), hyperlipidemia, cancer chemotherapy, hypercholestremia, in hyperoxic lung damage, urea cycle disorders, Alzheimers disease, multi‐infarct dementia and as an immunomodulator. Its emerging role as a biomarker in intestinal pathology and early diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis has spread considerable interest. Antibody detection to Anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) antibodies can be recommended for early detection of RA decreasing joint damage and deformity, because these are detected well before the onset of disease manifestations of RA. The test is highly specific than RF (Rheumatoid factor), with moderate sensitivity, but much useful in differentiating RA from other disorders. Further studies and exploration is required in these areas.
He Isotopic Evidence for Undiscovered Geothermal Systems in the Snake River Plain

The Snake River Plain is an area characterized by high heat flow and abundant Quaternary volcanism. While USGS assessments indicate that significant undiscovered geothermal resources are likely to be present in this region, no commercial geothermal development in this region has occurred. Elevated He/He values reflect crustal input of mantle volatiles and may serve as a geochemical indicator of hidden geothermal systems that are masked by the presence of shallow cold water aquifers. This study is part of an integrated geochemical investigation of thermal features in the central and eastern Snake River Plain region. Our project started by compiling existing He isotope data, regional heat flow data, and the locations of thermal wells and springs to develop compositional trends and identify new sampling opportunities where data gaps exist. Our initial field work has resulted in the highest He/He measurements ever reported for the Snake River Plain, with three locations having Rc/Ra values greater than 2.0, suggesting that we can see through the effects of shallow cold water aquifers to indicate the presence of mantle-derived fluid and heat input into the shallow crust. Our new He isotopic results and previously reported data for the Snake River Plain range from 0.05 to 2.36 Rc/Ra. These results will be evaluated in conjunction with the results of conventional, isotopic, and multicomponent geothermometry studies.
Treatment With Triamcinolone Acetonide Prevents Decreased Retinal Levels of Decorin in a Rat Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy

Purpose: To investigate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on retinal expression of decorin in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Materials and Methods: OIR was stimulated by exposing Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to hyperoxia (80 ± 1.3% O2) from postnatal day (P) 2 to P14 and then returning them to normoxia (room air, 21 ± 1.5% O2). Control rats were maintained in normoxia. At P15, TA (40 mg/ml) was injected into the right vitreous of OIR rats and saline into the left vitreous of control rats. All rats were sacrificed at P18. RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay were performed to detect the effects of TA on molecular and morphological changes in retinal decorin levels in P18 OIR rats. Results: In P18 OIR rats, mRNA and protein of retinal levels and immunoreactivity of retinal decorin were significantly less (p-value = 0.0000000012, 0.0007, 0.000003; n = 5; respectively) than in control rats. In addition, neuronal cell death was increased in P18 OIR rats (p-value = 0.0028; n = 5) relative to controls. However, treatment with TA prevented the decrease of mRNA, protein levels, and immunoreactivity in retinal decorin in P18 OIR rats (p-value = 0.00023, 0.003, 0.000079; n = 5, respectively), and restored neuronal cell death in P18 OIR rats (p-value = 0.0022, n = 5). Conclusion: Our results suggest that decorin is involved in hypoxic retinal damage and that TA protects retinal neurons damaged by relative hypoxia from decreased decorin levels.
Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells Ezh 2 loss in hematopoietic stem cells predisposes mice to develop heterogeneous malignancies in an Ezh 1-depenedent manner

Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins function in the maintenance of gene silencing through histone modifications. They form several distinct polycomb-repressive complexes (PRCs), including canonical and noncanonical PRC1 and PRC2. PRC2 consists of Eed, Suz12, and Ezh2 or its closely related homolog Ezh1. Ezh1 and Ezh2 are the catalytic components of PRC2 and catalyze the mono-, di-, and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me1/me2/me3). PcG proteins, including PRC2components, havebeen characterized as general regulators of stem cells as well as tumorigenesis. Eed and Ezh1, the core component of PRC2, were previously found to be essential for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although Ezh2 is dispensable for the self-renewal capacity of adult bone marrow (BM) HSCs, it is required topromoteMLL-AF9–driven acutemyeloid leukemia (AML) in mice, and the forced expression of Ezh2 in HSCs was shown to cause myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in mice. Comprehensive genome sequence studies initially identified activatingmutations inEZH2 in follicular anddiffuse largeB-cell lymphomas, therebysupporting theoncogenic functionofPRC2 incancer.However, inactivating mutations in EZH2 have also been identified in patients withmyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (3%;7%),MPNs (3%;13%), and MDS/MPN overlap disorders (8%;13%), which are all clonal myeloid disorders originating from HSCs. Given that EZH2, which is located at chromosome 7q36.1, is frequently involved in chromosomal abnormalities such as 27 and 7q2, in hematologic malignancies, these findings suggest a tumor suppressor role for EZH2 in these HSC disorders. Other components of PRC2, EED and SUZ12, are also targeted in somatic inactivating mutations, although the frequencies of their mutations were found to be markedly lower than thoseofEZH2mutations.ASXL1,whichplaysan important role in the recruitment and/or stability of PRC2, has also been shown to carry inactivating mutations in patients with MDS, MPN, and MDS/MPN. Thus, the role of PRC2 in hematologic malignancies is complex. Thesefindings prompted us to investigate the impact of inactivating EZH2 mutations on hematopoiesis and its interplay with coinciding mutations such as TET2 and RUNX1 in mice. In our previous studies, the concurrent depletion ofEzh2 andTet2 inmicemarkedly accelerated the development of MDS and MDS/MPN and Ezh2 loss significantly promoted RUNX1S291fs-induced MDS. These findings support the tumor suppressor function of EZH2 in the context of myelodysplastic disorders. However, Ezh2 loss attenuated the predisposition of RUNX1S291fs-induced MDS cells to leukemic transformation, which is consistentwith thefinding that inactivatingmutations ofEZH2 are rare indenovoand secondaryAMLpatients. Inourprevious studies,
Pigment epithelium-derived factor suppresses adipogenesis via inhibition of the MAPK / ERK pathway in 3 T 3L 1 preadipocytes

Wang M, Wang JJ, Li J, Park K, Qian X, Ma J, Zhang SX. Pigment epithelium-derived factor suppresses adipogenesis via inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297: E1378–E1387, 2009. First published October 6, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00252. 2009. —We previously reported that circulating levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a newly identified adipokine, are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes, correlating with body mass index. However, the role of PEDF in adipogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we have investigated the effects and mechanisms of PEDF on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was induced in the presence or absence of human recombinant PEDF protein. The effects of PEDF on adipogenic gene expression, mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), and MAPK activation were investigated. Physiological concentrations of human PEDF protein inhibited adipocyte differentiation, evidenced by decreased lipid accumulation, downregulation of adipocyte markers, and inhibition of master adipogenic transcription factors such as C/EBPand PPAR . The antiadipogenic effects of PEDF were observed only when PEDF was added to the cells on day 0, but not on day 3 during differentiation, suggesting that PEDF targets some early adipogenic events. Similarly, overexpression of PEDF by adenovirus attenuated adipocyte differentiation. Further studies revealed that PEDF, or U-0126, a specific MAPK/ERK inhibitor, sequentially inhibited the early activation of ERK and MCE. Moreover, PEDF attenuated expression and the phosphorylation of C/EBPat Thr, an essential step for transcriptional activation of C/EBP. In addition, PEDF expression was decreased significantly in the first 24 h during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting that downregulation of PEDF may be essential for the initiation of MCE and adipogenesis. We conclude that PEDF inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes partially because of inhibition of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and MCE.
A case of delayed galactorrhoea as an adverse event of overlapping haloperidol and clozapine administration.

Hyperprolactinaemia is seen during and after treatment with classical antipsychotics such as haloperidol (Goodnick et al., 2002). Whereas in women, elevated values of prolactin have been associated with a variety of diverse side-effects including galactorrhoea, sexual dysfunction, breast engorgement, and long-term osteoporosis, hyperprolactinaemia in men leads to impotence, loss of libido, and hypospermatogenesis (Petty, 1999). Since these adverse events may have a negative impact on compliance, they are of particular concern to the treating psychiatrist. Prolactin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is under the inhibitory control of dopamine, released from tubero-infundibular neurons. Current concepts consider elevated prolactin levels to be due to an antipsychotic D2 blockade on the tubero-infundibular tract. This effect was shown to outlast acute haloperidol administration (Nordstrom et al., 1992). Clozapine, however, does not seem to be associated with hyperprolactinaemia since PET data showed a lack of dopamine blockade in the tubero-infundibular tract (Farde et al., 1994). Other reports, however, consider the clozapine-induced D2-blockade, to be present in some degree. In contrast to classical antipsychotics, this blockade did not follow a curvilinear relationship between serum drug concentration and receptor occupancy (Nordstrom et al., 1995). Preclinical data, however, suggest that clozapine, which with the exception quetiapine, is the most benign antipsychotic in sparing central D2 receptors, may transiently induce prolactin elevations (Turrone et al., 2002). Kapur and Seeman (2001) generated the hypothesis, of a fast dissociation from D2 receptors in comparison to older compounds like haloperidol, which in contrast induce a sustained D2 blockade.
Hormonal effect on Na-K-ATPase activity in the gill of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, with special reference to seawater adaptation.

Na-K-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) has been implicated in the active excretion of sodium ions by the gill of teleosts living in sea water. In the eel, Anguilla japonica, the activity of this enzyme increased markedly one week after transfer from fresh water to sea water. Hypophysectomy resulted in a reduction of this adaptive increase and the impairment was restored by cortisol treatment. Cortisol injection into intact freshwater eels induced a rise in the branchial Na-K-ATPase activity. When seawater-adapted eels were returned to fresh water, the enzyme activity decreased gradually. Prolactin injection into hypophysectomized eels promoted this decrease. Injection of prolactin into intact or hypophysectomized seawater eels, however, failed to affect the enzyme activity. The significance of these results was discussed in relation to possible hormonal influences on seawater adaptation of the eel.
A Japanese family with popliteal pterygium syndrome

Abstract We investigated a family in which the mother and a daughter suffered from popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS). Mutation in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene was detected in the mother and daughter. This is the second report of a family case with mutation in the IRF6 gene in Japanese patients with PPS.
A STUDY ON DIGITAL WATERMARKING AND APPLICATION FOR COPYRIGHT PROTECTION IN DIGITAL IMAGE

With the advancement in the field of Information and Communication Technology, most of the information is kept in electronic form. The concept of keeping information electronically facilitate the user with easy access, contradictorily at the same point security of the information is fundamental issue nowadays. “Security” in the data transfer has been major area of concern in the past few decades and the threat of attack on the security haunt the both, receiver and sender. In today’s scenario data security is the necessity. There are numerous encryption method available which can be employed to secure digital information over the network. In this paper we have given detailed study of digital watermarking and its application for copyright protection in digital image describing architecture, attributes and algorithms of digital watermarking.
Shortest Paths and Networks

We survey various forms of the problem, primarily in two and three dimensions, for motion of a single point, since most results have focused on these cases. We discuss shortest paths in a simple polygon (Section 31.1), shortest paths among obstacles (Section 31.2), and other metrics for length (Section 31.3). We also survey other related geometric network optimization problems (Section 31.4). Higher dimensions are discussed in Section 31.5.
Stellar spectral feature extraction and combination analysis for classification with ENN

This paper presents a novel stellar spectral classification method. Wavelet packet transform is adopted to extract continuums and absorptions in the spectra. Then a method for constructing combinatorial features is introduced, which is suitable for both temperature and luminosity classification. Finally both temperature and luminosity classes of the stars are determined using ensemble neural networks. Experiments with real world data show that the feature extraction process is efficient and the obtained correct classification rate is quite satisfying. The results also show that the ensemble neural networks give a better generalization than a single back propagation neural network.
Influence of Body Mass Index on Recurrence and Quality of Life in Atrial Fibrillation Patients After Catheter Ablation: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that overweight and obesity, expressed as high body mass index (BMI), are associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and quality of life (QoL) in AF patients. However, the role of high BMI as a risk factor for prognosis and QoL in AF patients undergoing ablation remains controversial.