Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A registration method for rigid objects using repulsive force

A method to register the position and posture of a rigid object which moves in three-dimensional space, without points and/or vector matching between before and after the movement is described. In the method, a group of coordinates of representative points of the object in the initial state, P i (x p y p z i ) (i = 1 to n), and those after the movement P j (x p y p z j ) (j = 1 to n), are used for the input data without knowing their point correspondences. Firstly, the object is translated from the initial position so that its centroid coincides with one of the goal positions. The difference in posture of the object is corrected by rotating round the centroid by the torque which attracts it to the goal posture. It is demonstrated that repulsive forces to each point of the object from all points at the goal posture, whose magnitude is the square of the distance between the points, satisfactorily produce such torque. The practical procedures for determining the position and posture using this principle are described, together with their characteristics and examples of applications to actual data.
Integration of human DNA fragments into the cell genomes of certain tissues from adult mice treated with cytostatic cyclophosphamide in combination with human DNA

Summary We demonstrate here that, when administered i.p. to adult mice in combination with the cytostatic cyclophosphamide, an inducer of cross-links in the DNA molecule, human exogenous DNA, having reached the nuclear space of liver, thymus, spleen cells, integrates into the mouse genome. The integration of foreign DNA produces change in blood counts and is lethal to the treated mice. It is suggested that the integration mechanism acts through the repair events induced by the formation of covalent interstrand cross-links resulting in double strand breaks during replication fork arrest.
The cost of using donor human milk in the NICU to achieve exclusively human milk feeding through 32 weeks postmenstrual age.

OBJECTIVES Donor human milk (DHM) is increasingly being used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to achieve exclusive human milk (EHM) feedings in preterm infants. The aim of the study was to determine the cost of DHM to achieve EHM feeding for very preterm infants. The hypothesis was that the cost of DHM per infant is modulated by the availability of mother's own milk (MOM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Preterm infants (<1,500 g at birth weight or <33 weeks in gestational age) were retrospectively evaluated for a 1-year interval. MOM, DHM, and formula feeding categories were determined. A DHM feeding log was retrospectively analyzed for feeding volumes (in milliliters) and duration (in days). Four categories were created, based on maternal ability to provide sufficient breastmilk volumes and her intention to breastfeed. The volume, duration, and cost of DHM were calculated for each category. RESULTS Forty-six of the 64 (72%) infants admitted to the NICU who were <33 weeks in gestational age received DHM. Four categories of DHM use were observed. The mean costs of DHM were $27 for infants of mothers who provided sufficient breastmilk through to discharge, $154 for infants of mothers who had insufficient milk supply during admission, $281 for infants of mothers who went home on formula but received any volume of MOM during admission, and $590 for infants who received no MOM during admission. CONCLUSIONS Most NICU mothers (72%) of very preterm infants were unable to provide all of the milk necessary for an EHM diet. Few infants (15%) received exclusively DHM. The cost of DHM per NICU infant ranged from $27 to $590 and was influenced by the mother's willingness or ability to provide human milk.
PATIENTS WHO DISCONTINUE DAY HOSPITALISATION - AN ANALYSIS

SUMMARY Treatment discontinuation has been noted as a problem with psychiatric patients. This would equally be the case when long term measures for the rehabilitation of the mentally ill are concerned. In this study of patients who discontinued psychiatric day hospitalisation, it was found that over 90 % had dropped out in the first month of treatment. Schizophrenics, Manic Depressives, Epileptics and others contributed to the largest extent to this group whereas Mental Retardates discontinued less often. The discontinued patients either had better prognostic factors and maintained well subsequently (usually Manic Depressives) or relapsed soon after (usually Schizophrenics). The implications of the findings are discussed whilst comparing the discontinuers with those continuing day hospitalisation.
MUC5AC Expression through Bidirectional Communication of Notch and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathways

Hyperproduction of goblet cells and mucin in the airway epithelium is an important feature of airway inflammatory diseases. We investigated the involvement of Notch signaling in MUC5AC expression in NCI-H292 cells, a human lung carcinoma cell line. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated generation of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) in a RBP-Jκ–dependent manner. Treatment with γ-secretase inhibitors L-685,458 or DAPT or introduction of small interfering RNA directed against Notch1 reduced EGF-induced MUC5AC expression. The inhibitory effect of L-685,458 on EGF-induced MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression was also observed in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Blockage of Notch signaling with L-685,458 or Notch siRNA resulted in a decrease in EGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK. These results suggested that ERK activation is necessary for the regulation of EGF receptor (EGFR)–mediated MUC5AC expression by Notch signaling. Conversely, forced expression of NICD induced both EGFR and ERK phosphorylation with MUC5AC expression even in the absence of EGF. Treatment of the NICD-expressing cells with EGF further augmented ERK phosphorylation in an additive manner. The ERK phosphorylation induced by exogenous NICD was inhibited by treatment with an Ab that antagonizes EGFR activity as well as by inhibitors of EGFR and ERK, implying that Notch signaling induces MUC5AC expression by activating the EGFR pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that MUC5AC expression is regulated by a bidirectional circuit between Notch and EGFR signaling pathways.
The Contemporaneity Problem

Informal impressions or formal estimates of the size of prehistoric populations are often distorted by counting as if contemporary remains that, although dating to the same general period, were not in fact contemporary in a strict sense. In this paper, I evaluate a number of methods for mitigating this problem and propose a new solution. In the process, fundamental questions are raised concerning the nature of period boundaries, the life-cycles of sites, and how these phenomena affect estimates of the size of prehistoric populations. It is suggested that the growth cycles of most sites can be approximated by a relatively simple mathematical formula, or a series of such formulae, each expressed as a function of time. The total population can then be estimated at any point in time. A computer program to perform this task is given as an appendix, and the suggested procedure is illustrated with an example using data from SW Iran.
Obstacles Experienced by Care Managers in Managing Information for the Care of Chronically Ill Patients

ABSTRACT Care managers play a key role in coordinating care, especially for patients with chronic conditions. They use multiple health information technology (IT) applications in order to access, process, and communicate patient-related information. Using the work system model and its extension, the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, we describe obstacles experienced by care managers in managing patient-related information. A web-based questionnaire was used to collect data from 80 care managers (61% response rate) located in clinics, hospitals, and a call center. Care managers were more likely to consider “inefficiencies in access to patient-related information” and “having to use multiple information systems” as major obstacles than “lack of computer training and support” and “inefficient use of case management software. ” Care managers who reported “inefficient use of case management software” as an obstacle were more likely to report high workload. Future research should explore strategies used by care managers to address obstacles, and efforts should be targeted at improving the health information technologies used by care managers.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a lymphoid neoplasm first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832 and subsequently by Samuel Wilks in 1865 (1,2). Greenfield (1878), Sternberg (1879) and Reed (1902) are credited with the earliest descriptions of the pathological characteristics of the disease (3,4,5). In has now become clear that the Reed-Sternberg cell is derived from clonal B-cells, more specifically post-germinal center B-cells, giving credence to the malignant nature of the disease, and hence the preferred term of Hodgkin’s lymphoma –HL, instead of Hodgkin’s disease (6).
Quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia. A high- and low-dose double-blind comparison with placebo. Seroquel Study Group.

BACKGROUND Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel [ICI 204,636]) is an atypical dibenzothiazepine antipsychotic with a greater affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptors than for D2 dopamine receptors; its efficacy in patients with schizophrenia was shown in early phase 2 trials (maximum dose, 750 mg/d). METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 286 patients hospitalized with chronic or subchronic schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) were randomized to 6 weeks of treatment with high-dose quetiapine fumarate (< or = 750 mg/d), n = 96; low-dose quetiapine fumarate (< or = 250 mg/d), n = 94; or placebo, n = 96. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness item scores were the primary efficacy variables. Secondary efficacy variables included the BPRS positive-symptom cluster score, the Modified Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms summary score (United States only), and the total score from the negative scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (Europe only). Scores were analyzed using an analysis of covariance for change from baseline at end point with last observations carried forward. The model included baseline score (covariate), center, and treatment. Extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed using the Simpson-Angus Scale and the Barnes Akathisia Scale; abnormal involuntary movements were assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Frequency distributions of grouped change-from-baseline scores were analyzed using chi 2 tests. RESULTS Of 280 patients in whom the efficacy of quetiapine was evaluated, 159 (42% of those receiving high-dose treatment; 57%, low-dose treatment; and 59%, placebo) withdrew before trial completion, primarily because of treatment failure. Significant (P < .001, BPRS; P = .003, Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness item; and P = .003, BPRS positive-symptom cluster) differences were identified between patients receiving high-dose quetiapine and placebo for both primary efficacy variables, with end point differences in the BPRS positive-symptom cluster score showing quetiapine's consistency in reducing positive symptoms. The reduction of negative symptoms was less consistent; high-dose quetiapine was superior on the Modified Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms but not on the negative scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Quetiapine was well tolerated and did not induce extrapyramidal symptoms, sustained elevations of prolactin, or clinically significant changes in hematologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Quetiapine is an effective antipsychotic with a favorable safety profile. The optimum dose is probably greater than 250 mg/d.
Fruit, vegetables, and folate: cultivating the evidence for cancer prevention.

Since the 1980s, the concept that a diet high in fruits and vegetables could reduce the risk of cancer has been promoted widely.1 A role for diet in preventing colon cancer held particular appeal in view of the direct contact of the colonic mucosa with nutrients and toxins from foods.2 Several mechanisms were suggested to account for these putative anti-neoplastic properties. Fiber derived from fruits, vegetables and grains was proposed to dilute or adsorb fecal carcinogens, modulate colonic transit time, alter bile acid metabolism, reduce colonic pH, or increase the production of short-chain fatty acids.3 Fruits and vegetables are also rich sources of micronutrients, including folate, which have been actively investigated as chemopreventive agents. More recently, emerging evidence has underscored the importance of the interplay between diet and the microbial ecology of the colon.4
Influence of pulse power amplitude on plasma properties and film deposition in high power pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The discharge characteristics in high power pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is studied with the aim to characterize the impact of high power pulses (HiPP). Using a power scheme of combined HiPP and direct current (DC) to ignite the plasma discharge, and adjusting the HiPP/DC time-averaged power ratio while keeping the total power constant, the effect of the high power pulses was isolated from the total power. By monitoring the discharge current along with the optical emission from the plasma, it is found that the amount of available ions increased with increasing HiPP/DC ratio, which indicates a higher plasma density. Using carbon films deposited from acetylene in an argon plasma as model system, a strong increase in deposition rate with higher HiPP/DC is observed. The increased deposition rate is ascribed to a more efficient plasma chemistry generated by the denser plasma.
Using a rich feature set for the identification of German MWEs

Due to the formal variability and the irregular behaviour of MWEs on different levels of linguistic description, they are a potential source of errors for many NLP applications, e.g. Machine Translation. While most of the known approaches to MWE identification focus on one dimension of irregular behaviour, we present an approach that combines morpho-syntactic features (extracted from dependency parsed text) with semantic opacity features (approximated using word alignments). We trained supervised classifiers with different feature sub-sets and show that the combination of morphosyntactic and semantic opacity features yields best overall results.
Regulation of the cnr Cobalt and Nickel Resistance Determinant from Ralstonia sp. Strain CH34

ABSTRACT Ralstonia sp. strain CH34 is resistant to nickel and cobalt cations. Resistance is mediated by the cnrdeterminant located on plasmid pMOL28. The cnr genes are organized in two clusters, cnrYXH and cnrCBA. As revealed by reverse transcriptase PCR and primer extension, transcription from these operons is initiated from promoters located upstream of the cnrY and cnrC genes. These two promoters exhibit conserved sequences at the −10 (CCGTATA) and −35 (CRAGGGGRAG) regions. The CnrH gene product, which is required for expression of both operons, is a sigma factor belonging to the sigma L family, whose activity seems to be governed by the membrane-bound CnrY and CnrX gene products in response to Ni2+. Half-maximal activation from the cnrCBAoperon was determined by using appropriate lacZ gene fusions and was shown to occur at an Ni2+ concentration of about 50 μM.
Psychosocial adjustment during pregnancy: the experience of mature gravidas.

OBJECTIVE To determine if gravidas ages 35 years and older have greater conflict in adapting to pregnancy than do younger gravidas. DESIGN Static group comparison. SETTING Prenatal care facilities and prenatal education classes. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four older gravidas (35 years and older) and 46 younger gravidas (32 years and younger) who were in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Lederman Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire II, which contains seven scales measuring conflict in psychosocial tasks during pregnancy. RESULTS Older gravidas had significantly less fear of helplessness and loss of control in labor than did younger gravidas. Age and education but not parity may account for this finding. CONCLUSIONS Age and education may balance the additional concerns older gravidas may have about pregnancy and allow older gravidas to adjust to pregnancy as well as younger women do.
PTSD in children and adolescents: toward an empirically based algorithm a

In considering potential revisions for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐V), describing developmental influences on symptomatic expression is a high priority. This review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM‐V. Research conducted in the past 15 years is reviewed that pertains to expressions of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in preschool and school age children and in adolescents. This research has attempted to determine the usefulness of the DSM‐IV criteria for PTSD in children and adolescents. Based on the studies of preschool children, evidence supports two sets of suggestions: first, we suggest that developmental manifestations are warranted in A‐D criteria of PTSD; and second, we suggest that a developmental preschool PTSD subtype is warranted that lowers the C threshold from three to one symptom. For school‐age children and young adolescents, the evidence is more limited. Nevertheless, there is also evidence suggesting that modifications in PTSD criteria A–D, including fewer Cluster C symptoms, may facilitate accurate diagnosis in this age group. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of the human voltage-dependent anion channel

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), also known as mitochondrial porin, is the most abundant protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). VDAC is the channel known to guide the metabolic flux across the MOM and plays a key role in mitochondrially induced apoptosis. Here, we present the 3D structure of human VDAC1, which was solved conjointly by NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography. Human VDAC1 (hVDAC1) adopts a β-barrel architecture composed of 19 β-strands with an α-helix located horizontally midway within the pore. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that this channel architecture is common to all VDAC proteins and is adopted by the general import pore TOM40 of mammals, which is also located in the MOM.
High-efficiency enhancement-mode power heterojunction FET with buried p/sup +/-GaAs gate structure for low-voltage-operated mobile applications

This letter describes a successfully developed enhancement-mode double-doped AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction FET with a buried p+-n junction gate structure for low-voltage-operated mobile applications. The buried p+-GaAs gate structure effectively reduced on-resistance (Ron) and suppressed drain-current frequency dispersion for the device with high positive threshold voltage, resulting in high-efficiency characteristics under low-voltage operation. The fabricated p+-gate HJFET exhibited a low Ron of 1.4 Omegamiddotmm with a threshold voltage of +0.4 V. Negligible frequency dispersion characteristics were obtained through pulsed current-voltage measurements for the device. Under a single 2.7-V operation, a 19.8-mm gate width device exhibited a power added efficiency of 51.9% with 26.8-dBm output power and a -40.1-dBc adjacent channel power ratio using a 1.95-GHz wideband code-division multiple-access signal
Comparison of the four configurations of the inductive Fault Current Limiter

Fault current limiters (FCLs) are expected to play an important role in the protection of the future power networks, since the increase of loads and expansion of the power networks lead to much higher short-circuit power. This paper presents the comparison of four different configurations of inductive FCL, with respect to the FCL weight (magnetic core and winding material) and losses during both the nominal and the fault state of operation. Two main challenges in the inductive FCL design are reduction of the material weight and reduction of the induced dc winding over-voltage during the fault period. So far, solutions (core configurations) proposed in the literature are: decoupling of the dc and the ac magnetic circuits to avoid high voltages across the dc winding during a fault and the so-called open- core configuration. The presented results reveal the merits and drawbacks of each of the configurations and compare them to the conventional inductive FCL design characteristics. The results are obtained through the simulations in SaberDesinger and by experiments.
Analysis of interactions between the subunits of protein kinase CK2.

Protein kinase CK2, which was formerly known as casein kinase II, is a highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinase implicated in the control of cell proliferation through its phosphorylation of regulatory nuclear proteins. The enzyme consists of catalytic (alpha and (or) alpha') subunits and beta subunits that modulate the activity of the catalytic subunits. These subunits are arranged in homotetrameric (i.e., alpha 2 beta 2 or alpha' 2 beta 2) or heterotetrameric (i.e., alpha alpha' beta 2) complexes. We previously demonstrated using the yeast two-hybrid system that alpha (or alpha') subunits can interact with beta subunits but not other alpha (or alpha') subunits. By comparison, beta subunits can interact with alpha (or alpha') and with beta subunits, suggesting that the protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme forms because of the ability of beta subunits to dimerize, bringing two heterodimers (alpha beta or alpha' beta) into a tetrameric complex. In the present study, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to examine the domains of interactions between the alpha and beta subunits of protein kinase CK2. These studies indicate that the ability of beta to interact with alpha resides within the carboxy-terminal domain of beta. By comparison, our studies suggest that individual domains of alpha are not sufficient for interactions with beta.
Association of kallikrein expression in nipple aspirate fluid with breast cancer risk

Human kallikreins (hK) 2, 3, 6 and 10 are expressed in breast and prostate tissue. hK2 and hK3 (prostate‐specific antigen, PSA) are used to screen for prostate cancer. hK6 and hK10 are downregulated in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue. We demonstrated that levels of PSA in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) are lower in women with breast cancer than in normal women. We hypothesize that the expression of hK2, 3, 6 and 10 are related and important in detecting breast cancer. The goals of this study are to determine the level of expression of kallikreins in NAF and serum, the association of hK2, 3, 6 and 10 in NAF, and the association of each of the kallikreins with breast cancer. In NAF from 275 women, hK3, 6 and 10 were detectable in ≥ 90% and hK2 in 74% of samples analyzed. NAF levels were highest for hK6 and lowest for hK2, regardless of cancer and menopausal status. hK3 was detectable in 15/29 (52%) and hK2 in 0/29 serum samples collected from 6 women. hK2 and hK3 were concentrated in NAF vs. matched serum. The 4 kallikreins were associated with the exception of hK2 with hK6 or hK10. PSA levels were higher in normal pre‐ than postmenopausal subjects (but not women with breast cancer), whereas levels of hK2, 6 and 10 did not differ by menopausal status. hK2 and PSA were associated with both pre‐ and postmenopausal breast cancer; hK6 and 10 were not. hK2 and PSA were more associated with pre‐ than postmenopausal breast cancer. Using logistic regression, PSA and menopausal status provided the best model of breast cancer prediction, with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 39%. In conclusion, 4 kallikreins are expressed in NAF. hK2 and PSA, and hK6 and hK10 are highly associated. Higher premenopausal PSA levels suggest the influence of ovarian steroids. PSA shows the most promise in aiding in the early detection of breast cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.