Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Randomness of Passengers’ Seating Behavior in Suburban Trains

In pedestrian dynamics, individual-based models serve to simulate the behavior of crowds so that evacuation times and crowd densities can be estimated or the efficiency of public transportation optimized. Often, train systems are investigated where seat choice may have a great impact on capacity utilization, especially when passengers get in each other’s way. Therefore, it is useful to reproduce passengers’ behavior inside trains. However, there is surprisingly little research on the subject. Do passengers distribute evenly as it is most often assumed in simulation models and as one would expect from a system that obeys the laws of thermodynamics? Conversely, is there a higher degree of order? To answer these questions, we collect data on seating behavior in Munich’s suburban trains and analyze it. Clear preferences are revealed that contradict the former assumption of a uniform distribution. We subsequently introduce a model that matches the probability distributions we observed. We demonstrate the applicability of our model and present a qualitative validation with a simulation example. The model’s implementation is part of the free and open-source Vadere simulation framework for pedestrian dynamics and thus available for further studies. The model can be used as one component in larger systems for the simulation of public transport.
GRASP PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT USING ACTIVE LEARNING IN VISION BASED HAND PROSTHESIS

Vision based grasping is one of the important aspects of human computer interaction. But it has proved intangible without the control environment. One approach towards building more flexible and domain-independent robot grasping systems is to employ learning to adapt the robot’s perceptual and motor system to the task. However, one drawback in robot perceptual and motor learning is that the cost of gathering the learning set may be unacceptably high. Active learning algorithms solves this shortcoming by intelligently selecting actions so as to decrease the number of examples necessary to achieve good performance and also avoid separate training and execution phases, leading to higher autonomy. We are describing a prosthetic hand which rapidly learns to select the grasp approach form given target sets and can work efficiently when a new system is interfaced to it. For the experimental purpose the system is trained on few datasets and objects. Active learning algorithms are used to direct the system. The C4.5 decision tree learning algorithm along with Interval Estimation (IE) Statistical methodology is used to convert input-action pair into functional output that results in grasp pre-shaping that mimics the biological mechanisms for the control of grasping. The system also makes use of computer vision and the decision parameters include the measured distance to target object and the dimensions of the target object calculated by the methods of computer vision. Pressure sensors are deployed to measure the weight and hardness of the object. The Output of the system is an effective hits and efficient grasp on training sets and objects with controlled movement
Optimizing Enzymatic Maceration of Blackcurrant Mash by Response Surface Methodology

Pre-press maceration with commercial enzyme preparation (Pectinex Ultra Color) was investigated in experimental blackcurrant (Ometa variety) juice production using response surface methodology (RSM). Enzyme dosage and maceration time were varied at a constant temperature of 50°C and the total polyphenols (TPP), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), antioxidant capacity and juice yields (Y) were compared. The contents of total polyphenols and anthocyanins ranged from 828.57 to 1274.96 mg GAE/100 g and 326.76 to 383.49 mg CGE/100 g blackcurrant juice, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity determined by the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of the juice ranged from 3977.82 to 4580.18 μmol TE/100 g and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) from 4749.19 to 6579.74 μmol TE/100 g. Juice yields ranged from 44.57 to 50.31% by wet weight of the mash. The criterion established to determine the optimal conditions of enzymatic maceration of blackcurrant mash was to find the conditions leading to high values of total monomeric anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and juice yield.
Spin: The Effects of Acute Exercise on Speech Perception

Previous research suggests that adults who exercise regularly perform better on cognitive tasks. Most of these studies have focused on the benefits of aerobic exercise on executive function in the aging population. Very few studies to date have focused on how exercise affects perceptual abilities, particularly in healthy young adults. This is particularly important since poor cardiovascular health and low fitness levels are risk factors for hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to test whether exercising, defined as cycling for 30 minutes, affects auditory perception. College-aged participants performed a speech perception task before and after 30 minutes of aerobic exercise on a stationary bicycle. Auditory stimuli were speech that varied in intelligibility and have been used in previous experiments. Words were presented in noise and participants reported aloud the word they identified. The experimenter recorded participant responses during the experiment and the percentage of words correctly identified was calculated. Analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the percentage of words correctly identified before exercise and after exercise. These results suggest that acute aerobic exercise has immediate effects that improve speech perception ability.
Markers of peripheral neuronal regeneration: A bioinformatic study

After an an injury to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system, there is partial or full loss of function in the innervated organ. This may present as paralysis, in motor neuron injury, or loss of sensation in sensory neurons lesions. Due to this, the body triggers a regenerative process through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to enable the regrowth of the affected site or discontinuity on the axon. The proximal segment of the injured nerve develops growth cones that grow, with guidance from molecular signaling pathways, towards the ischemic distal stump. The triggering off of this process is dependent on neurotrophic factors (NTFs) and neuropoietic cytokines that are produced during the inflammatory response. This, therefore, creates a growthfriendly milieu around the axon. In conjunction with intrinsic signaling pathways, the regrowth process is coordinated and modulated to enable the axon to resume its functionality. The article used under this review were accessed primarily from Pubmed search engine and NCBI Bioinformatics search engine. Some material were added from Google Scholar. All these articles were relevant to the topic under study and were in Standard English. PRISMA guide was used as the criteria of inclusion and elimination. Twenty out of the initial one hundred and twenty-four made it through the elimination criteria. These sources had spelled out the physiological processes of the relevant molecules and pathways. The research experiments shown in the different resources all added substantial value to the topic of study. These, therefore, enabled simple analysis and comparison of facts and coming up with the conclusion. There are numerous markers of peripheral neuronal regeneration. These include simple molecules, structural proteins or even complex signaling pathways. None of these indicators proves superior to the other. Their functions are either additive or inhibitory to the others within a complex system where the molecules communicate with others in different pathways. Other markers are considered redundant since other markers serve an overlapping purpose.
Water quality assessment of hand-dug wells in Janga , Ghana

*Corresponding Author Email: abalu096@gmail.com Access to good quality drinking water is a challenge to the people of Janga who depend on hand-dug wells water for years as the main source of drinking water. This study examined water quality of hand-dug wells in Janga in the West Mamprusi District. A total of ten water samples from five hand-dug wells were collected and analysed for physico-chemical and coliform bacteria quality using standard methods. Generally, the physicochemical parameters varied, but all were within the World Health Organisation standards for portability except turbidity. The study recorded coliform bacteria count that ranged from 0 to 211 cfu/100 ml (total coliform); 0 to 482 cfu/100 ml (faecal coliform); and 0 to 90 cfu/100 ml (Escherichia coli). These exceeded WHO guideline values (0/100 ml) for drinking water indicating that the hand-dug wells are not free from pollution. Coliform bacteria count indicates poor sanitary conditions in Janga, arising from poor handling of domestic wastes, especially garbage and sewage implying water from hand-dug wells is not suitable for direct human consumption. It is therefore recommended that hand-dug wells water should be treated against bacteria before usage in order to meet the millennium development goal 7.
C O ] 2 9 M ay 2 01 9 Combinatorial anti-concentration inequalities , with applications

We prove several different anti-concentration inequalities for functions of independent Bernoullidistributed random variables. First, motivated by a conjecture of Alon, Hefetz, Krivelevich and Tyomkyn, we prove some “Poisson-type” anti-concentration theorems that give bounds of the form 1/e+ o(1) for the point probabilities of certain polynomials. Second, we prove an anti-concentration inequality for polynomials with nonnegative coefficients which extends the classical Erdős–Littlewood– Offord theorem and improves a theorem of Meka, Nguyen and Vu for polynomials of this type. As an application, we prove some new anti-concentration bounds for subgraph counts in random graphs.
Searching for Roles of Intrinsic Motivation in Instructional Games

Digital games are described as a new platform to motivate the students by providing an interesting experience and provoking a sense of engagement. Instructional games as a motivator for learning is appealing. In order to create motivated learner in game play, intrinsic motivation takes an essential part in learning process to make learning is self-determined, driven by their own volition rather than external forces. In this paper, the authors will explore the variables of intrinsic motivation and their interaction in game play, discussing how intrinsic motivation contributes gaming and academic achievements. In addition, the authors will explain the process by which games motivate learners, in order to enlighten the design of intrinsically motivating instructional games to create more motivated learner. Finally, guidelines of designing an instructional game are to be presented.
REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS PANEL (RPASP)

A significant level of debate and confusion has surrounded the meaning of the terms “autonomy” and “automation”. Automation is a multi-dimensional concept, and we propose that RPAS automation should be described with reference to the specific system and task that has been automated, the context in which the automation functions, and other relevant dimensions. In this paper, we present a definition of “automation”. We recommend that autonomy and autonomous operations are out of the scope of the RPAS panel. WG7 proposes to develop, in consultation with other workgroups, a taxonomy of “Levels of Automation” for RPAS.
A generalized reference governor for nonlinear systems

Reference governors are auxiliary systems that accept and, when needed, modify input commands to enforce pointwise-in-time state and control constraints. This paper proposes a new approach to reference governor design for nonlinear systems with unmeasured disturbance inputs. The approach relies on safety properties provided by sublevel sets of equilibria-parametrized functions. Unlike the prior literature, however, these functions need not be Lyapunov functions and the corresponding sublevel sets need not be positively invariant. Furthermore, the equilibria-parametrized functions need not be smooth, only continuous.
Problematic Attachment to Social Media: the Psychological States vs Usage Styles

Many people worldwide rely on social media to satisfy their social needs for relatedness, learning and enhancing self-esteem. However, over-reliance on social media often results in problematic attachment, which risks personal, social and financial wellbeing. From a design perspective, we argue that social media can be improved with tools to manage such problematic attachment and help users reform their interaction style, social expectations and online identity to restore a healthy reliance. Designing such behaviour change tools can be challenging due to the characteristics of people with problematic behaviours, e.g. denial, relapse and cognitive dissonance. This paper explores the role of social media in such attachment and reveals associated psychological states. Our method provides an ecologically valid exploration through employing diary studies as a data collection method, aiming to introduce countermeasures for problematic attachment in future social media design.
Data Security in Cloud Computing with Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Cloud computing is one of today's hottest research areas due to its ability to reduce costs associated with computing while increasing scalability and flexibility for computing services. Cloud computing is Internet based computing due to shared resources, software and information are provided to consumers on demand dynamically. Cloud computing is one of the fastest growing technology of the IT trade for business. Since cloud computing share disseminated resources via the network in the open environment, hence it makes security problems vital for us to develop the cloud computing applications. Cloud computing security has become the leading cause of hampering its development. Cloud computing security has become a hot topic in industry and academic research. This paper will explore data security of cloud in cloud computing by implementing digital signature and encryption with elliptic curve cryptography.
Workforce Career Needs and the Organization ’ s Career Management Activities

The focus of the study was about the extent to which the organization’s career management activities matches its employees career needs. Using the theories of career needs and organizational career management, the study attempted to examine the career needs of a group of workers and their employing organization’s career management activities to see if the needs were met. A cross-sectional correlational study design was used. The setting was in Kenya, Africa, in a suburb area outside of Nairobi. Using random sampling procedure, 155 questionnaires were distributed to a group of individuals who worked in various organizations in that area. A self-designed questionnaire was used as instrument and was divided principally into two major sections that surveyed the needs and the organizational management activities. The findings showed significant differences in the way individuals view their career needs based on gender, age and tenure. The study also indicated that the organizations do not sufficiently inquire about the career needs of the individual workers. Finally, the study showed that, although the employees agree that the organizations have career management activities, some aspects of the needs are not met.
Defected Ground Structure for Hybrid Rings using Rectangular and Dumbbell Shaped Patches

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd. com 1308 Defected Ground Structure for Hybrid Rings using Rectangular and Dumbbell Shaped Patches Prof.S. M. Bhilegaonkar Nipunika Manoj Prerana Jain Pranita Rajapure Faculty Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering for Women, Pune, India Abstract— The Hybrid couplers are the bidirectional couplers which can give equal power split and 180° phase shift between the two output ports. The DGS with hybrid rings can be fabricated and measured at operating frequency 2.4 GHz. The results of hybrid ring using DGS are compared with the conventional rat-race hybrid coupler Sparameter. By using the DGS in hybrid rings we can reduce the large amount of size and avoid harmonic signal in hybrid rings. This paper shows the DGS is more advantageous for hybrid coupler. We are comparing DGS with dumbbell shape; DGS with rectangle and hybrid coupler. We are using methodologies such as HFSS simulation, Photolithographic process and testing on vector network analyzer.
Changes in corneal biomechanics after phacoemulsification

Background: The aim of this study was to explore changes in corneal biomechanics in patients with longer axial lengths after phacoemulsification. Methods: A total of 58 patients (68 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification were divided into longer axial length and normal axial length groups (each group with 34 eyes). Corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST) was used to measure biomechanical corneal parameters, preoperatively, in the first postoperative week and in the first postoperative month. Results: Comparing preoperative values with those in the first postoperative week and first postoperative month, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in peak distance (P=0.002), central corneal thickness (P<0.001), corrected intraocular pressure (P<0.001), and intraocular pressure (P<0.001). Moreover, second applanation time (P=0.042) and deformation amplitude were significantly different in the longer axial length group (P=0.005). In the longer axial length group, changes in central corneal thickness (P=0.014), corrected intraocular pressure (P=0.04), and deformation amplitude (P=0.005) were positively correlated with axial length in the first postoperative week. However, in the normal axial length group, changes in related parameters did not correlate with axial length. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification can affect corneal biomechanical properties in patients with longer axial lengths.
Crossover context in page-based linear genetic programming

This work explores strategy learning through genetic programming in artificial 'ants' that navigate the Son Mateo trail, We investigate several properties of linearly structured (as opposed to typical tree-based) GP including: the significance of simple register based memories, the significance of constraints applied to the crossover operator, and how 'active' the ant are. We also provide a basis for investigating more thoroughly the relation between specific code sequences and fitness by dividing the genome into pages of instructions and introducing an analysis of fitness change and exploration of the trail done by particular parts of a genome. By doing so we are able to present results on how best to find the instructions in an individual's program that contribute positively to the accumulation of effective search strategies.
PLL Design Using the PLL Design Assistant Program

Page 2: Setup Page 2: Tool Basics Page 3: Known Bugs Page 3: Introduction Page 6: Definitions Page 7: A. Bandwidth, Order, and Shape Page 7: B. Type Page 10: Computation of G(f) Page 10: Loop Filter Design Page 10: A. Transfer Function Selection Page 11: B. Circuit Topology Selection Page 13: C. Computation of Parameters Page 14: D. Example Design Page 15: Impact of Open Loop Parameter Variations Page 16: Impact of Open Loop Parasitic Poles/Zeros Page 19: PLL Noise Performance Page 20: A. Basic Parameter Entry Page 21: B. Inclusion of Parasitic Poles Page 22: C. Impact of Open Loop Parameter Variations Page 23: D. Description of Σ−∆ Noise using a NTF Page 24: E. Supplementary Info: Impact of Charge Pump Current Page 26: Application to Other PLL Circuits Page 26: A. Mixer-based Phase Detector PLL Page 28: B. Clock and Data Recovery Circuits Page 30: References
Comparison of Boker Tachtit and Stránská skála MP / UP Transitional Industries

The paper aims to provide a detailed comparison of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitional period on the basis of durable remains of human behavior, specifically lithic technology from two sites: Boker Tachtit (Negev, Israel) and Stránská skála (Moravia, Czech Republic). The refitted sequences from Boker Tachtit, Levels 1-4 and Stránská skála, sites III, IIIa, and IIIc are studied and compared in detail. The striking similarity, especially between Level 2 of Boker Tachtit and Stránská skála is documented. This observation documents the possible transfer of lithic technology from the Levant to Moravia some 40 kya ago. INTRODUCTION On the basis of current DNA studies, the emergence of anatomically modern humans occurred some 200,000-100,000 years ago, probably in sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., CavalliSforza et al. 1988; Harpending and Rogers 2000). According to Stringer’s “Out of Africa” or “replacement model” hypothesis (e.g., Stringer 1994; Stringer and Gamble 1993), these populations migrated through the Sinai Peninsula into the Levant, the Balkans and some 40,000-35,000 years ago reached Central Europe (Fig. 1). The remains of both Neanderthals and anatomically modern people have been documented from Middle Paleolithic sites in the Levant, where the two populations produced Levantine Mousterian lithic assemblages. In Central Europe, only Neanderthals have been documented during the same period.
ROLE OF CUCURBITACEOUS ROOTSTOCKS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH , FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF BITTER GOURD ( MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L . ) SCIONS THROUGH GRAFTING

The aim of this study was to determine whether grafting could improve plant growth, yield and quality of bitter gourd through monitoring the changes induced by different rootstocks–scion combinations. Side grafting technique was followed in this experiment. The grafted and non-grafted plants were grown under pandal system. Among the 12 graft combinations, Palee F1 scion grafted onto pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.ex Poir) rootstock recorded highest values for vegetative and flowering characters viz., vine length at final harvest (856.6 cm), number of primary branches (13.1), days to first female flower appearance (68.3 days), node number to first female flower appearance (25.4) and sex ratio (17.2). The highest values for fruit yield (3.5 kg /per vine), fruit number (27.8) and weight (183.6 g) were also observed in Palee F1 scion grafted onto pumpkin (C. moschata Duch.ex Poir) rootstock without changes in fruit quality parameters viz., ascorbic acid and total soluble solids content. Larger leaf area and total dry matter content of the aforementioned graft combination contributed mainly for highest vine length, fruit yield and higher total chlorophyll content. From this study, pumpkin (C. moschata Duch.ex Poir) followed by sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) rootstock could be identified as best rootstocks for grafting with bitter gourd scions due to characteristics like graft affinity, compatibility and vigorous root system which help to increase growth, yield and productivity without any quality defeat.