Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Methodology to Discover Semantic Features from Textual Resources

Data analysis algorithms focused on processing textual data rely on the extraction of relevant features from text and the appropriate association to their formal semantics. In this paper, a method to assist this task, annotating extracted textual features with concepts from a background ontology, is presented. The method is automatic and unsupervised and it has been designed in a generic way, so it can be applied to textual resources ranging from plain text to semi-structured resources (like Wikipedia articles). The system has been tested with tourist destinations and Wikipedia articles showing promising results.
Chorioallantoic Fusion Defects and Embryonic Lethality Resulting from Disruption of Zfp36L1, a Gene Encoding a CCCH Tandem Zinc Finger Protein of the Tristetraprolin Family

ABSTRACT The mouse gene Zfp36L1 encodes zinc finger protein 36-like 1 (Zfp36L1), a member of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of tandem CCCH finger proteins. TTP can bind to AU-rich elements within the 3′-untranslated regions of the mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leading to accelerated mRNA degradation. TTP knockout mice exhibit an inflammatory phenotype that is largely due to increased TNF secretion. Zfp36L1 has activities similar to those of TTP in cellular RNA destabilization assays and in cell-free RNA binding and deadenylation assays, suggesting that it may play roles similar to those of TTP in mammalian physiology. To address this question we disrupted Zfp36L1 in mice. All knockout embryos died in utero, most by approximately embryonic day 11 (E11). Failure of chorioallantoic fusion occurred in about two-thirds of cases. Even when fusion occurred, by E10.5 the affected placentas exhibited decreased cell division and relative atrophy of the trophoblast layers. Although knockout embryos exhibited neural tube abnormalities and increased apoptosis within the neural tube and also generalized runting, these and other findings may have been due to deficient placental function. Embryonic expression of Zfp36L1 at E8.0 was greatest in the allantois, consistent with a potential role in chorioallantoic fusion. Fibroblasts derived from knockout embryos had apparently normal levels of fully polyadenylated compared to deadenylated GM-CSF mRNA and normal rates of turnover of this mRNA species, both sensitive markers of TTP deficiency in cells. We postulate that lack of Zfp36L1 expression during mid-gestation results in the abnormal stabilization of one or more mRNAs whose encoded proteins lead directly or indirectly to abnormal placentation and fetal death.
Regulation of Baboon Fetal Ovarian Development by Placental Estrogen: Onset of Puberty Is Delayed in Offspring Deprived of Estrogen In Utero1

ABSTRACT Using the baboon as a model for studies of human reproductive biology, we previously showed that placental estrogen regulates fetal ovarian follicle development. In this study, offspring of baboons untreated or treated in utero with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (estradiol reduced >95%) or letrozole and estradiol were reared to adulthood to determine whether estrogen programming of the fetal ovary impacted puberty and reproduction in adulthood. All offspring exhibited normal growth and blood pressure/chemistries. Puberty onset in untreated baboons (43.2 ± 1.4 mo) was delayed (P < 0.01) in animals of letrozole-treated mothers (49.0 ± 1.2 mo) and normal in offspring of mothers treated with letrozole and estradiol (42.7 ± 0.8 mo). During the first 2 yr postmenarche, menstrual cycles in estrogen-suppressed animals (43.2 ± 1.3 days) were longer (P < 0.05) than in untreated baboons (38.3 ± 0.5 days) or those treated with letrozole and estrogen (39.6 ± 0.8 days). Moreover, in estrogen-suppressed offspring, serum levels of estradiol were lower and follicle-stimulating hormone greater (P < 0.05) in the follicular and luteal phases, and the elevation in luteal-phase progesterone extended (P < 0.02). Thus, puberty onset was delayed and menstrual cycles prolonged and associated with altered serum hormone levels in baboon offspring that developed in an intrauterine environment in which estradiol levels were suppressed. Because puberty and follicle development, as shown previously, were normal in baboons treated in utero with letrozole and estradiol, we propose that fetal ovarian development and timely onset of puberty in the primate is programmed by fetal exposure to placental estrogen.
A New Similarity Measure between  Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on a Choquet Integral Model

Several existing similarity measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and between vague sets are reviewed. A numerical example shows that these similarity measures are not always reasonable in some cases, and one reason is that inherent interactions among elements of a given universe are ignored. To overcome the drawbacks of these similarity measures, a new similarity measure of IFSs is proposed based on a Choquet integral model, where a generalized fuzzy measure is used to characterize interactions among elements of a given universe of IFSs or vague sets, and the Choquet integral model instead of a weighted average model is used to compute the new similarity measure. Further, properties of the new similarity measure are discussed, and numerical examples show that this new similarity measure is more reasonable than the existing similarity measures.
Treating Serious Infections: Focus on Cefepime

Antibiotic resistance among medically important pathogens is curtailing the therapeutic value of many of the standard broad‐spectrum antibiotics used for empiric treatment of serious infections. This article presents a brief overview of the etiology of serious infections and the threat of emerging resistance, and reviews the adverse impact of inadequate empiric treatment on patient outcomes and hospital ecology. The treatment of two clinically important infections with cefepime—pneumonia in hospitalized patients and febrile neutropenia—also is discussed.
Nursery factors influencing containerized Pinus pinaster seedlings initial growth

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) containerized seedlings were raised outdoors at different fertilizer regimes, sowing date or culture duration to assess nursery factors influencing first year growth in the field. Seedling biomass, and N, P and K content before outplanting were affected by these different factors but the one year field growth was more related to N concentration than with morphological traits. The results are discussed in view to improve the plant stock quality in nursery.
The Determinants of CSR Images : Examining the Interaction of the Valence and Type of CSR Initiatives

The objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of consumer corporate social responsibility image (CSR image). Specifically, we examined the interaction of valence and type of CSR initiatives on CSR images. A 2×3 between-subject experiment study confirms the interaction effect. The results indicate, for altruistic type of CSR, valence has a quadratic form of influence on CSR image. While positive initiatives can enhance CSR image greatly, negative initiatives do not seriously impair CSR images. On the other hand, for both normative and balancing needs types of CSR, the valence of CSR initiatives has linear forms of influence on CSR images.
CBFB/MYH11 fusion in a patient with AML‐M4Eo and cytogenetically normal chromosomes 16

We present a unique case of acute myeloid leukemia M4Eo (AML‐M4Eo) with a CBFB/MYH11 fusion transcript and a trisomy 22, but in whom cytogenetic analyses did not disclose an inv(16). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with chromosome arm‐specific painting probes as well as with the c40 and c36 cosmids also revealed no evidence for an inv(16), whereas the application of locus‐specific probes confirmed the presence of a masked inv(16). The results of our comprehensive FISH investigations indicate that the events leading to this masked inv(16) were complex and concurred with deletions on both the long and short arms. The most likely explanation for the formation of the relevant CBFB/MYH11 fusion is an insertion of parts of the MYH11 into the CBFB gene, although it is also possible that it was formed by a double inversion. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk reduction strategy for radiation exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Purpose of review To discuss the risk of radiation exposure to patients with nephrolithiasis. To review the risk factors for increased radiation exposure to patients during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) from fluoroscopy. To review the techniques to reduce patient radiation doses during PNL. Recent findings Patients with nephrolithiasis are at risk for significant radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging. Fluoroscopy used during surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis also contributes to patient radiation exposure. On average, PNL with fluoroscopy exposes patients to more radiation than a noncontrast computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Risk factors for increased radiation during PNL include obesity, larger stone size and increased access tracts. Following the principles of As Low As Reasonably Achievable, use of air instead of contrast for retrograde pyelogram and use of ultrasound all reduce radiation exposure during PNL. Summary It is important to be aware of the amount of radiation patients with nephrolithiasis receive. These patients are at risk for multiple imaging studies and multiple procedures during their lifetime. Whenever possible, the techniques outlined in this review should be implemented to reduce the amount of radiation to which patients are exposed during PNL.
Allometry of Alarm Calls: Black-Capped Chickadees Encode Information About Predator Size

Many animals produce alarm signals when they detect a potential predator, but we still know little about the information contained in these signals. Using presentations of 15 species of live predators, we show that acoustic features of the mobbing calls of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) vary with the size of the predator. Companion playback experiments revealed that chickadees detect this information and that the intensity of mobbing behavior is related to the size and threat of the potential predator. This study demonstrates an unsuspected level of complexity and sophistication in avian alarm calls.
Electrical coupling induces bistability of rhythms in networks of inhibitory spiking neurons

Information processing in higher brain structures is thought to rely on the synchronization of spiking neurons. Increasing evidence indicates that, within these structures, inhibitory neurons are linked by both chemical and electrical synapses. However, how synchronized states may emerge from such circuits is not fully understood. Using snail neurons interconnected through a dynamic‐clamp system, we show that networks of spiking neurons linked by both reciprocal inhibition and electrical coupling can express two coexisting coordination patterns of different rhythms. One of these patterns consists of antiphase firing of the network partners whereas, in the other, neurons fire synchronously. Switching between patterns may be evoked immediately by transient stimuli, demonstrating bistability of the network. Thus electrical coupling can provide a potent way for instantaneous reconfiguration of activity patterns in inhibitory spiking networks without alteration of intrinsic network properties by modulatory processes.
Discriminatively Weighted Naive Bayes and its Application in Text Classification

Many approaches are proposed to improve naive Bayes by weakening its conditional independence assumption. In this paper, we work on the approach of instance weighting and propose an improved naive Bayes algorithm by discriminative instance weighting. We called it Discriminatively Weighted Naive Bayes. In each iteration of it, different training instances are discriminatively assigned different weights according to the estimated conditional probability loss. The experimental results based on a large number of UCI data sets validate its effectiveness in terms of the classification accuracy and AUC. Besides, the experimental results on the running time show that our Discriminatively Weighted Naive Bayes performs almost as efficiently as the state-of-the-art Discriminative Frequency Estimate learning method, and significantly more efficient than Boosted Naive Bayes. At last, we apply the idea of discriminatively weighted learning in our algorithm to some state-of-the-art naive Bayes text classifiers, such as .
Permeabilization of Lipid Bilayers Is a Common Conformation-dependent Activity of Soluble Amyloid Oligomers in Protein Misfolding Diseases*

Amyloid fibrillization is multistep process involving soluble oligomeric intermediates, including spherical oligomers and protofibrils. Amyloid oligomers have a common, generic structure, and they are intrinsically toxic to cells, even when formed from non-disease related proteins, which implies they also share a common mechanism of pathogenesis and toxicity. Here we report that soluble oligomers from several types of amyloids specifically increase lipid bilayer conductance regardless of the sequence, while fibrils and soluble low molecular weight species have no effect. The increase in membrane conductance occurs without any evidence of discrete channel or pore formation or ion selectivity. The conductance is dependent on the concentration of oligomers and can be reversed by anti-oligomer antibody. These results indicate that soluble oligomers from many types of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides increase membrane conductance in a conformation-specific fashion and suggest that this may represent the common primary mechanism of pathogenesis in amyloid-related degenerative diseases.
Robotic movement preferentially engages the action observation network

As humans, we gather a wide range of information about other people from watching them move. A network of parietal, premotor, and occipitotemporal regions within the human brain, termed the action observation network (AON), has been implicated in understanding others' actions by means of an automatic matching process that links observed and performed actions. Current views of the AON assume a matching process biased towards familiar actions; specifically, those performed by conspecifics and present in the observer's motor repertoire. In this study, we test how this network responds to form and motion cues when observing natural human motion compared to rigid robotic‐like motion across two independent functional neuroimaging experiments. In Experiment 1, we report the surprising finding that premotor, parietal, occipitotemporal regions respond more robustly to rigid, robot‐like motion than natural human motion. In Experiment 2, we replicate and extend this finding by demonstrating that the same pattern of results emerges whether the agent is a human or a robot, which suggests the preferential response to robot‐like motion is independent of the agent's form. These data challenge previous ideas about AON function by demonstrating that the core nodes of this network can be flexibly engaged by novel, unfamiliar actions performed by both human and non‐human agents. As such, these findings suggest that the AON is sensitive to a broader range of action features beyond those that are simply familiar. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2238–2254, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Eddy Current Damper on the Dynamic Vibration Characteristics of High-Temperature Superconducting Maglev System

The high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (maglev) has demonstrated many advantages such as self-levitation, self-guidance, environment friendliness by using liquid nitrogen, and low noise. But it has a weakness of low damping, which is not beneficial for the systemic stability and security when the maglev vehicle is disturbed by external environment such as crosswind and track irregularity. To enhance the dynamic stability of the HTS maglev system, a simple and effective approach by inserting eddy current damper (ECD) into the bottom of HTS bulks has been considered. In this paper, we investigated the dynamic effect of ECD on the vibration amplitude and frequency of the HTS maglev system by introducing different thicknesses copper damper underneath the HTS bulks with different velocities by measuring the displacement and acceleration signals of an HTS levitator. In theory, we analyzed the effect of ECD on the dynamic stiffness. Experimental results manifest that the additional copper damper can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the HTS levitator, meanwhile it has little influence on the vibration frequency. The ECD has little effect on dynamic stiffness by theoretical analysis. An optimum thickness of copper damper to reduce the dynamic vibration is proposed for the HTS maglev system.
Ear recognition under partial occlusion based on sparse representation

Current research on ear recognition in 2D achieves good performance in constrained environments. However the recognition performance degrades severely under occlusion, noise or pose, illumination variations. This paper proposes a 2D ear recognition approach based on sparse representation to deal with ear recognition under partial occlusion. Firstly, the ear part is automatically detected and extracted from the source image. Then, we use different methods (down sample, PCA, LDA and random projection) for feature extraction. Thirdly, sparse representation classifier is applied for ear recognition under occlusion. Experimental results on the USTB ear dataset verify the efficacy of the proposed method.
Enhanced β‐galactosidase production by high cell‐density culture of recombinant Bacillus subtilis with glucose concentration control

Cell concentration, recombinant protein (β‐galactosidase) level, and the specific enzyme expression level were increased from 19 to 184 g/L, 18.3 to 129 U/mL, and 3.2 to 5.7 U/mg protein, respectively, in fed‐batch culture of recombinant Bacillus subtilis when glucose concentration was controlled at 1 g/L as compared with those of conventional fed‐batch culture. Glucose concentration of the culture broth was monitored by an automatic on‐line glucose analyzer and controlled with a moving identification combined with optimal control (MICOC) strategy. When glucose concentrations were controlled at 10, 1, and 0.2 g/L, accumulated propionic acid concentrations and specific enzyme activities were 18.5, 4.4, and 0.6 g/L and 2.9, 5.7, and 7.1 U/mg protein, respectively. The addition of various concentrations of sodium propionate to the growth medium in batch cultures resulted in a drastic decrease in the growth rate with respect to propionate concentration. The propionic acid was shown to be responsible for cell growth inhibition and enzyme activity reduction in fed‐batch culture. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Severe human bone infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the novel mecC variant.

CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Bacteriologie-Virologie-Hygiene, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, Limoges F-87042, France; INSERM, U1092, Limoges F-87000, France; Universite de Limoges, UMRS1092, Faculte de Medecine, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, Limoges F-87025, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre National de Reference des Staphylocoques, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron cedex F-69677, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)-Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, UCBL, ENSL, Equipe ‘Pathogenese des infections a staphylocoques’, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, Lyon F-69317, France; CHU Limoges, Service de Reanimation Polyvalente, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, Limoges F-87042, France
Subcellular Compartmentation and Differential Catalytic Properties of the Three Human Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase Isoforms*

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) is the central enzyme of the NAD biosynthetic pathway. Three human NMNAT isoforms have recently been identified, but isoform-specific functions are presently unknown, although a tissue-specific role has been suggested. Analyses of the subcellular localization confirmed NMNAT1 to be a nuclear protein, whereas NMNAT2 and -3 were localized to the Golgi complex and the mitochondria, respectively. This differential subcellular localization points to an organelle-specific, nonredundant function of each of the three proteins. Comparison of the kinetic properties showed that particularly NMNAT3 exhibits a high tolerance toward substrate modifications. Moreover, as opposed to preferred NAD+ synthesis by NMNAT1, the other two isoforms could also form NADH directly from the reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide, supporting a hitherto unknown pathway of NAD generation. A variety of physiological intermediates was tested and exerted only minor influence on the catalytic activities of the NMNATs. However, gallotannin was found to be a potent inhibitor, thereby compromising its use as a specific inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribose glycohydrolase. The presence of substrate-specific and independent nuclear, mitochondrial, and Golgi-specific NAD biosynthetic pathways is opposed to the assumption of a general cellular NAD pool. Their existence appears to be consistent with important compartment-specific functions rather than to reflect simple functional redundance.
In vitro Stability of Endogenous Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in Blood and Plasma

We describe a systematic comparison of the effects of anticoagulants, protease inhibitors and conditions of sample handling on the in vitro stability of endogenous parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in blood from patients with hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HM). When blood was separated within 15 min of collection, PTHrP1–86 levels measured by two-site immunoradiometric assay in serum and heparinized plasma were significantly lower than in ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) plasma (P<0·02). PTHrP was unstable in blood kept at 20°C for 4 h and inclusion of protease inhibitors reduced, but failed to abolish, this instability. In blood collected in the presence of EDTA, inclusion of leupeptin either alone or in combination with pepstatin and aprotinin increased the mean half-time of disappearance from 3·9 to 10·1 and 11·2h, respectively (P<0·05). In contrast, when blood containing EDTA was separated within 15 min, PTHrP was stable in plasma at 20°C for at least 4 h. As a result of the instability of PTHrP1–86 immunoreactivity in whole blood at ambient temperatures we advise that for our immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) blood collected in EDTA should be separated within 15 min, and the plasma frozen until assay.
MyMovieMixer: Ein hybrider Recommender mit visuellem Bedienkonzept

In diesem Beitrag stellen wir ein neuartiges, auf direkter Manipulation beruhendes Bedienkonzept für komplexe hybride Empfehlungssysteme anhand des von uns entwickelten Film-Recommenders MyMovieMixer vor. Der Ansatz ermöglicht es den Nutzern, ein hybrides Recommender-System mit einem komplexen Zusammenwirken verschiedener Filtermethoden durch interaktive und visuelle Methoden intuitiv zu steuern. Gleichzeitig wird die Transparenz der Empfehlungsgenerierung deutlich erhöht. Die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Evaluation des Systems zeigen, dass der Ansatz in Bezug auf Usability, User Experience, Intuitivität, Transparenz, wahrgenommene Empfehlungsqualität und somit letztlich im Hinblick auf die Nutzerzufriedenheit vielversprechend ist.