Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Collaborative Learning Design for Promoting and Analyzing Adaptive Motivation and Emotion Regulation in the Science Classroom

The aim of this paper is to introduce our current research design to study socially shared regulation processes in a science classroom where a collaborative learning design is implemented. The design is based on a self-regulated learning framework that provides opportunities and support for self-initiated regulation among individual learners and collaborative groups. It utilizes modern technology to structure and support regulated learning in the groups. The paper focuses on elaborating the research design, particularly from the perspective of motivation and emotion, by presenting the dual relationship between designing learning scenario that supports learners' motivation and emotion regulation with technology and researching the multifaceted role of motivation and emotion as they occur in collaborative learning. To do this, the paper first describes the entire collaborative learning design while paying attention to how technology can be utilized to support the awareness of motivation, emotion, and their regulation. Then, the focus shifts to considering the methodological principles and implementation of multimodal data gathered in relation to authentic collaborative learning tasks. A case example from a secondary school science classroom demonstrates possibilities for multimodal data use in analyzing motivation, emotion, and their regulation in collaborative learning. It also illustrates the dual role of the implemented technological 6Q support tool by showing how data collected from the students' use of the tool can be utilized in scientific analysis. The paper concludes by providing a short discussion about the current advancements of emerging technology in motivation and emotion research in the learning sciences highlighting the significance of sharing the theoretical premises of the research design as well as practical experiences from implementation of these designs for future research.
Sedimentation of acantharian cysts in the Iceland Basin: Strontium as a ballast for deep ocean particle flux, and implications for acantharian reproductive strategies

Acantharian cysts were discovered in sediment trap samples from spring 2007 at 2000 m in the Iceland Basin. Although these single‐celled organisms contribute to particulate organic matter flux in the upper mesopelagic, their contribution to bathypelagic particle flux has previously been found negligible. Four time‐series sediment traps were deployed and all collected acantharian cysts, which are reproductive structures. Across all traps, cysts contributed on average 3–22%, and 4–24% of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) flux, respectively, during three separate collection intervals (the maximum contribution in any one trap was 48% for POC and 59% for PON). Strontium (Sr) flux during these 6 weeks reached 3 mg m−2 d−1. The acantharian celestite (SrSO4) skeleton clearly does not always dissolve in the mesopelagic as often thought, and their cysts can contribute significantly to particle flux at bathypelagic depths during specific flux events. Their large size (~ 1 mm) and mineral ballast result in a sinking rate of ~ 500 m d−1; hence, they reach the bathypelagic before dissolving. Our findings are consistent with a vertical profile of salinity‐normalized Sr concentration in the Iceland Basin, which shows a maximum at 1700 m. Profiles of salinity‐normalized Sr concentration in the subarctic Pacific reach maxima at ≤ 1500 m, suggesting that Acantharia might contribute to the bathypelagic particle flux there as well. We hypothesize that Acantharia at high latitudes use rapid, deep sedimentation of reproductive cysts during phytoplankton blooms so that juveniles can exploit the large quantity of organic matter that sinks rapidly to the deep sea following a bloom.
Crosstalk Between Pheromone Signaling and NADPH Oxidase Complexes Coordinates Fungal Developmental Processes

Sexual and asexual development in filamentous ascomycetes is controlled by components of conserved signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the development of mutant strains lacking genes for kinases MAK2, MEK2, and MIK2, as well as the scaffold protein HAM5 of the pheromone response (PR) pathway. All had a defect in fruiting body development and hyphal fusion. Another phenotype was a defect in melanin-dependent ascospore germination. However, this deficiency was observed only in kinase deletion mutants, but not in strains lacking HAM5. Notably, the same developmental phenotypes were previously described for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (NOX1) mutants, but the germination defect was only seen in NOX2 mutants. These data suggest a molecular link between the pheromone signaling pathway and both NOX complexes. Using data from yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis, we found that the scaffolding protein HAM5 interacts with NOR1, the regulator of NOX1 and NOX2 complexes. This interaction was further confirmed using differently fluorescent-labeled proteins to demonstrate that NOR1 and HAM5 co-localize at cytoplasmic spots and tips of mature hyphae. This observation was supported by phenotypic characterization of single and double mutants. The oxidative stress response and the initiation of fruiting bodies were similar in Δham5Δnor1 and Δham5, but distinctly reduced in Δnor1, indicating that the double deletion leads to a partial suppression of the Δnor1 phenotype. We conclude that the PR and NOX1 complexes are connected by direct interaction between HAM5 and NOR1. In contrast, PR kinases are linked to the NOX2 complex without participation of HAM5.
Effects of plant density on intercropped wheat and field beans in an organic farming system

In field trials in 1987/88 near Pangbourne, England, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and field beans (Vicia faba) were grown in an organic farming system as sole crops and additive intercrops. The sole crops were grown at 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150% of the recommended density (RD) for conventionally grown crops. The intercrops consisted of all density combinations of wheat and beans from 25 to 100% RD in a factorial experiment. The grain yield of sole cropped wheat and beans increased significantly as their density was increased. The highest yield of both was achieved at 100% RD, indicating that the conventional recommendation was the optimum when applied to organically grown crops. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values for the intercrops were significantly greater than 1·0 when the wheat was sown at > 5% RD and beans at > 50% RD. The highest LER of 1·29 was achieved when wheat and beans were both sown at 75% RD. There was resource complementarity, expressed as relative yield total (RYT) > 1·0, in all of the density combinations. There was a significant decrease in resource complementarity with increasing wheat and bean density. The nitrogen content of the wheat grain and whole plant biomass was significantly increased when the density of beans in the intercrops was increased; this was reflected in a significant increase in grain protein at harvest. The total amount of N accumulated by the wheat, however, decreased with increasing bean density due to a reduction in the biomass of wheat. Beans also showed a significant increase in %N as the density of the other component increased and a decrease in total N accumulation due to reduced biomass. All of the intercrops accumulated more N than the sole cropped wheat, but did not exceed that accumulated by sole-cropped beans. The biomass of weeds was greater under beans than under wheat. Weed biomass in intercrops was significantly reduced when the density of wheat and beans was increased, resulting in a lower weed biomass in the intercrops than was achieved in either the sole cropped wheat or beans. The N content of weeds was significantly reduced with increasing wheat density but was significantly increased with increasing bean density. The total amount of N accumulated by weeds per unit area was reduced significantly by increasing the density of both components. The levels of disease on the wheat were low, but mildew (Erysiphe graminis) increased significantly as bean density increased. The incidence of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) increased significantly with increased bean density. The experiment demonstrated that it was possible to harvest the crop with a combine harvester and the wheat and beans can be planted separately mechanically, therefore this system is suited to mechanized agricultural systems.
Biomechanics of In-Stance Balancing Responses Following Outward-Directed Perturbation to the Pelvis During Very Slow Treadmill Walking Show Complex and Well-Orchestrated Reaction of Central Nervous System

Multiple strategies may be used when counteracting loss of balance during walking. Placing the foot onto a new location is not efficient when walking speed is very low. Instead medio-lateral displacement of center-of-pressure, rotation of body segments to produce a lateral ground-reaction-force, and pronounced braking of movement in the plane of progression is used. It is, however, presently not known in what way these in-stance balancing strategies are interrelated. Twelve healthy subjects walked very slowly on an instrumented treadmill and received outward-directed pushes to the waist. We created experimental conditions where the use of stepping strategy to recover balance following an outward push was minimized by appropriately selecting the amplitude and timing of perturbation. Our experimental results showed that in the first part of the response the principal strategy used to counteract the effect of a perturbing push was a short but substantial increase in lateral ground-reaction-force. Concomitant slowing of the movement and related anterior displacement of center-of-pressure enabled lateral displacement of center-of-pressure which was, together with a short but substantial increase in vertical ground-reaction-force, instrumental in reducing the inevitable increase of whole-body angular momentum in the frontal plane. However, anterior displacement of center-of-pressure and increased vertical ground-reaction-force also induced an increase in whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal plane. In the second part of the response the lateral ground-reaction-force was decreased with respect to unperturbed walking thus allowing for a decrease of whole-body angular momentum in the frontal plane. Additionally, an increase in anterior ground-reaction-force in the second part of the response propelled the center-of-mass in the direction of movement, thus re-synchronizing it with the frontal plane component of the center-of-mass as well as decreasing whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal plane. The results of this study show that use of in-stance balancing strategies counteracts the effect a perturbing push imposed on the center-of-mass, re-synchronizes the movement of center-of-mass in sagittal and frontal planes to the values seen in unperturbed walking and maintains control of whole-body angular momentum in both frontal and sagittal planes.
Review of the big data technology use in the medical prognosis

The article shows the main aspects and problematics of elaborating effective models of current diagnostics and diagnostic prognosis of the patient’s health status, who is an object of non–invasive monitoring, based on the current analysis of characteristic combinations of his/her vital signs on nosology and the results of long–term collecting, processing and semantic classifi cating the biomedical data.
Association of Low Birth Weight and Premature Birth With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

The association of preterm or low birth weight (LBW) with the risk of metabolic syndrome is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between preterm or LBW and metabolic syndrome risk according to study or participants' characteristics. PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for epidemiologic studies on the association published up to April 30, 2020. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. Low birth weight was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17–1.61). In the subgroup analysis by study design, the pooled ORs for LBW and metabolic syndrome in the cohort and cross-sectional studies were 1.79 and 1.22. In the subgroup analysis by sex, LBW was found to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in pooled studies including both men and women or studies including only women. The association between premature birth and risk of metabolic syndrome was significant in cohort studies (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.12–2.65). Also, LBW or preterm was significantly associated with a higher Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (WMD, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19–0.36). Low birth weight and preterm might be risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
Rescue of a Vaccinia Virus Mutant Lacking IFN Resistance Genes K1L and C7L by the Parapoxvirus Orf Virus

Type 1 interferons induce the upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that combat viral replication. The parapoxvirus orf virus (ORFV) induces acute pustular skin lesions in sheep and goats and can reinfect its host, however, little is known of its ability to resist IFN. Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes a number of factors that modulate the IFN response including the host-range genes C7L and K1L. A recombinant VACV-Western Reserve (WR) strain in which the K1L and C7L genes have been deleted does not replicate in cells treated with IFN-β nor in HeLa cells in which the IFN response is constitutive and is inhibited at the level of intermediate gene expression. Furthermore C7L is conserved in almost all poxviruses. We provide evidence that shows that although ORFV is more sensitive to IFN-β compared with VACV, and lacks homologues of KIL and C7L, it nevertheless has the ability to rescue a VACV KIL- C7L- gfp+ mutant in which gfp is expressed from a late promoter. Co-infection of HeLa cells with the mutant and ORFV demonstrated that ORFV was able to overcome the block in translation of intermediate transcripts in the mutant virus, allowing it to progress to late gene expression and new viral particles. Our findings strongly suggest that ORFV encodes a factor(s) that, although different in structure to C7L or KIL, targets an anti-viral cellular mechanism that is a highly potent at killing poxviruses.
Management of Poststroke Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Post-stroke neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders are common and have complex etiologies. Multiple factors such as lesion location, personality characteristics, socioeconomic status, pre-stroke psychiatric history, and family support are the determining factors in most cases. Although depression and anxiety are more common, emotional incontinence and catastrophic reactions are also frequently observed. Post-stroke depression (PSD) has been associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence. Despite its serious consequences and high prevalence, PSD remains undetected and untreated. Treatment options of NP disorders depend on severity, presentation at the time of diagnosis, and patient cooperation, and include antidepressants, mood stabilizers, exercise therapy, psychotherapy, and even revascularization. The efficient management of NP disorders improves outcomes, quality of life, and survival rates in poststroke patients. However, very few studies have identified definitive treatment for these patients; therefore, further research is required.
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Pain Reduction by Gabapentin for Acute Headache and Meningismus After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Severe, often sudden-onset headache is the principal presenting symptoms of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We hypothesized that gabapentin would be safe and tolerable for aSAH-induced headaches and would reduce concurrent opioid use. Methods: We performed a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02330094) from November 24, 2014, to June 24, 2017, where aSAH patients received either dose-escalating gabapentin or oral placebo, both alongside a standard of care pain regimen. After 7 days, patients had the option to continue in an open-label period until 14 days after enrollment or until discharge from the intensive care unit. Our primary endpoint was the efficacy of gabapentin in reducing headache numeric pain scores and opioid usage in patients with aSAH compared to the placebo group. We identified 63 potential patients with aSAH for the study. After applying stringent exclusion criteria, 16 eligible patients were enrolled into one of two arms. Results: The study ended prematurely after reaching a pre-specified funding period and an unexpected drop in aSAH cases. There was a trend toward lower headache numeric pain scores and opioid use in the gabapentin treated arm; however this was not significantly different. Gabapentin was well tolerated by participants and no adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: While there was a trend toward lower pain scores and opioid requirement in the gabapentin group, the study was underpowered to detect a difference. Larger multicenter trials are required to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin to reduce opioid requirements after aSAH.
Trends in the Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria in Mainland China, 2000–2019: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: China is a high-burden country of tuberculosis. The proportion of diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased, seriously affecting the prevention, control, and management of tuberculosis (TB) and posing a significant threat to human health. However, there is a lack of an organized monitoring system for NTM such as that used for tuberculosis. Comprehensive data on patient susceptibility, dominant species, and drug resistance profiles are needed to improve the treatment protocols and the management of NTM. Methods: Primary research reports of NTM clinical specimens from mainland China published between January 1, 2000 and May 31, 2019 were retrieved from four online resources (BIOSIS, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) and three Chinese medical literature databases (CNKI, Wanfang, and Vip) as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: In total, 339 publications were included in the systematic review, 129 were used in the drug susceptibility analysis, and 95 were used in the meta-analysis. Traditional culture using Lowenstein–Jensen slants combined with P-nitrobenzene acid and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazine differential medium and proportional method was most commonly used for the isolation, identification, and drug susceptibility testing of NTM in China. The crude isolation rate for NTM among TB suspected cases was 4.66–5.78%, while the proportion of NTM among Mycobacterium isolates was 11.57%. Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium complex were the most common clinical NTM species. NTM only showed general sensitivity to ethambutol, linezolid, clofazimine, amikacin, tobramycin, and clarithromycin. Conclusions: The prevalence of NTM in China has shown a decreasing trend. M. abscessus was replaced as the dominant species by Mycobacterium intracellulare over the course of the study. The geographic diversity of different species showed the effects of environmental and economic factors on the distribution of NTM and indicated that there were important factors still not identified. While there were only a limited number of antibiotics to which NTM showed any sensitivity, the drug resistance profiles of the isolates were highly variable and thus more caution should be taken when empirically treating NTM infection.
Feedback interactions between zinc and phytoplankton in seawater

In Zn ion-buffered media, oceanic species (Thalassiosira oceanica and Emiliania hu.xZeyi) grew at near-maximal rates at the lowest free Zn ion concentration ((Zn2+) = lo- 12,3 M), whereas coastal species (Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira weissflogii) were limited at (Zn2+) < lo-" M. The ability of the oceanic species to outgrow coastal ones at low (Zn2+) was due almost entirely to a reduced growth requirement for cellular Zn rather than to an increased capability for uptake. All isolates exhibited similar sigmoidal relationships between cellular Zn: C ratios and (Zn2+) with minimal slopes at (Zn2+) of lO-'o.5 to - 1 O-9.5 M and increasing slopes above and below this range. The minimal slopes at intermediate (Zr? +) could be explained by negative feedback regulation of a high-affinity Zn uptake system, while increased slopes at high (Zn2+) appeared to be related to uptake by a low-affinity site. Measured relationships between cellular Zn : C ratios and (Zn'+) agreed well with those computed from a modified Redfield model based on depth profiles for Zn and PO, concentrations and Zn chelation in the nutricline of the North Pacific. This agreement provides evidence that Zn concentrations in the nutricline are controlled by biological uptake and regen- eration as occurs for major nutrients.
Influence of Obesity on the Organization of the Extracellular Matrix and Satellite Cell Functions After Combined Muscle and Thorax Trauma in C57BL/6J Mice

Obesity has been described as a major factor of health risk in modern society. Next to intricately linked comorbidities like coronary artery disease or diabetes, an influence of obesity on regeneration after muscle injury has been described previously. However, the influence of obesity on tissue regeneration in a combined trauma, merging the more systemic influence of a blunt lung trauma and the local blunt muscle trauma, has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of obesity on regeneration in a mouse model that combined both muscle and thorax trauma. Using gene expression analysis, a focus was put on the structure as well as the organization of the extracellular matrix and on functional satellite cell physiology. An increased amount of debris in the lung of obese mice compared to normal weight mice up to 192 h after combined trauma based on visual assessment can be reported which is accompanied by a decreased response of Mmp2 in obese mice. Additionally, a delayed and elongated response of inhibitor genes like Timp1 has been revealed in obese mice. This elongated response to the trauma in obese mice can also be seen in plasma based on increased levels of pro-inflammatory chemo- and cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, and IL 23) 192 h post trauma. In addition to changes in the lung, morphological analysis of the injured extensor iliotibialis anticus of the left hind leg in lean and diet-induced obese mice revealed deposition of fat in the regenerating muscle in obese animals hindering the structure of a compact muscle. Additionally, decreased activation of satellite cells and changes in organization and build-up of the ECM could be detected, finally leading to a decreased stability of the regenerated muscle in obese mice. Both factors contribute to an attenuated response to the trauma by obese mice which is reflected by a statistically significant decrease in muscle force of obese mice compared to lean mice 192 h post trauma induction. Graphical Abstract The general workflow of the study is shown starting with the set-up of the trauma resulting with the collection of the tissue. The collected tissues from the injured or control muscle (1), lung tissue (2), and blood (3) were further investigated using various methods listed in this graphical abstract.