Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-modal coupling in musical performance

A manipulacao de parâmetros acusticos em performances musicais e uma estrategia amplamente utilizada pelos musicos para demonstrar suas intencoes expressivas. No caso de conjuntos instrumentais, a coordenacao dessas manipulacoes entre os musicos e crucial para a realizacao da performance. Durante uma performance em grupo, os interpretes fazem uso de informacoes visuais e acusticas transmitidas continuamente por outros interpretes para melhorar sua sincronizacao. Neste trabalho, propomos investigar a sincronizacao/coordenacao interpessoal em pequenos grupos musicais e o papel da comunicacao gestual entre os membros do conjunto. Para tanto, adotamos duas abordagens complementares, a analise dos movimentos corporais dos musicos e a analise dos parâmetros acusticos extraidos do sinal de audio. Pode-se argumentar que, no caso de performances em grupo, a informacao visual tem um papel crucial na coordenacao de eventos musicais. No entanto, musicos tambem sao capazes de acompanhar outros musicos escutando apenas sinais acusticos. Esta condicao de performance tornou se trivial como consequencia do crescimento da industria musical, onde a demanda por perfeicao e a necessidade de baixar os custos levaram a um aumento no numero de gravacoes feitas em estudio. Alem disso, difer entes tipos de movimentos corporais nao diretamente ligados a producao de som podem ser constantemente observados em qualquer performance instrumental, mesmo em performances solo. Na verdade, como apontado por Gabrielsson (2003, pag. 249), o movimento realizado por um musico, alem de comunicar informacoes relevantes para a coordenacao com os outros, pode tambem assumir diferentes papeis, como comunicar intencoes expressivas, fornecer informacoes sobre a personalidade do artista ou simplesmente entreter o publico. Ao longo dos ultimos anos, grandes esforcos foram dedicados ao estudo desses movimentos e, embora nao haja consenso sobre suas origens ou papeis, sua existencia e inegavel (M. M. Wanderley & Depalle, 2001). Esta tese e inspirada por resultados de trabalhos anteriores (P. Keller et al., 2007; P. Keller & Appel, 2010; M. A. Loureiro et al., 2012), que argumentam que os musicos ao tocar em conjunto tentam adaptar suas acoes as acoes dos outros e que a qualidade desse ajuste pode ser afetada tambem por seus movimentos. Neste trabalho tentamos rever diferentes aspectos que integram a construcao de uma performance em conjunto e mapear sua relevância para o ajuste entre musicos.
Study of wheat protein degradation during germination

Glutens, the storage proteins of cereals, play significant role in technological and nutraceutical quality of cereal grains. Whereas the high content of glutens allows making better structure of dough, consummation of foods with high gluten content can cause digestive problems. In our work, we studied ability of wheat proteases to degrade proteins, especially glutens. Wheat grains were germinated for up to seven days at three different temperatures 15, 20, 30 °C and pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.5, 7.0, 8.0. Proteins were fractionated into salt-soluble albumins and globulins, alcohol-soluble gliadins and base-soluble glutenins. In these fractions, protein content and their composition were analyzed by Bradford method and SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The results showed that remarkable degradation of glutens started after three days and the lowest concentration was measured at the seventh day of germination of wheat grain at temperature 20 °C, pH 5.5.
The influence of bushveld trees on the productivity of Panicum maximum: a preliminary report.

The influence of four important bushveld trees, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis, Boscia albitrunca and Combretum apiculatum on the distribution and productivity of Panicum maximum, was investigated. Keywords: Gauteng Province|transects|tree species|shading|moisture gradients|nitrogen|phosphorus|trees|potassium|Transvaal|influences|productivity|bushveld|distributions|Lower Crocodile Valley|field experiments|greenhouse experiments
Mining Effector Proteins in Phytopathogenic Fungi

“Pathogen effector” has been increasingly used in the past decades in the plant-pathogen interactions (Hogenhout et al., 2009). Presently, the definition of pathogen effector commonly adopted the definition given by Sophien Kamoun, that is, effectors are ‘molecules that manipulate host cell structure and function, thereby facilitating infection (virulence factors or toxins) and/or triggering defense responses (avirulence factors or elicitors)’ (Kamoun, 2006). Plant and their related pathogen have coevolved for many millions of years, which resulted in evolving some resistance genes in plants to prevent or limit pathogen infection, and simultaneously pathogen also evolved some effector proteins to overcome plant defense as well as cause disease. Many plant pathogens secreted effector proteins into host cells to repress plant defense and contribute to pathogen colonization and breach (Birch et al., 2006;Chisholm et al., 2006; Grant et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006 a, 2006 b; Jones and Dangl, 2006; Kamoun, 2006; O’Connell and Panstruga, 2006). Oomycetes could cause many destructive plant diseases, like potato late blight that caused the Irish potato famine in the nineteenth century (Tyler, 2007). Oomycete effector proteins could be translocated into host cells with the help of RXLR and dEER motifs in the absence of the pathogen (Dou et al., 2008; Whisson et al., 2007). Oomycetes secreted effector proteins into the infection site. The effector proteins were categorized into two classes based on action site of effectors, and one was extracellular effectors acted in the apoplastic space where they interact with extracellular molecules of hosts. The other was cytoplasmic effectors that acted within the boundary of plant cell wall. Plant fungal pathogen also secreted effector proteins into host cells where they incompatibly interacted with plants receptors encoded by major resistance genes, which rapidly triggered host defense response (Ellis et al., 2006; Tyler, 2002). Oomycete effectors play dual role in disease and plant defense, fungal effector proteins were no exception. For example, victorin of Cochliobolus victoriae, NIP1 of R.secalis, and AAL toxin of Alternaria alternate played the role in toxin(Lorang et al., 2007; Navarre and Wolpert, 1999; Rohe et al., 1995; Spassieva et al., 2002; van’t Slot and Knogge, 2002; Wang et al., 1996, Wolpert et al., 2002), but some studies showed NIP1 and ToxA also interacted with corresponding host-resistance or toxinsensitivity genes, which resulted in NIP1 and ToxA acted in the same way as the Avr genes (Schurch et al., 2004; Stukenbrock and McDonald, 2007). So, it is necessary to clarify fungal effector proteins incompatibly or compatibly interact with host receptors when they were
Biology of the blood clam Anadara granosa (Linnaeus) in Kakinada Bay

A. Granosa spawns throughout the year and the major spawning months vary between years. There can be 2-4 reproductive cycles in a year. Males attain first maturity at 20 mm and females at 24 mm length. The male, female ratio during different months, years and also in different length groups is 1:1. The monthly average condition index (CI) based on the percentage of wet flesh weight in total weight varies from 15.1 to 23.1 and the same expressed as percentage of dry flesh weight in wet flesh weight ranges from 17.2 to 24.2. The trends in the values obtained by these two methods are comparable. The CI does not vary in relation to length. The infestation of A. granosa by the pea ciab Pinnotheres alcocki varies from nil to 46% during different m3nths (average 10.8%). In the crabinfested clams there is no damage to the organs of the host. The CI is low in 41.1 % of the crabinfested samples when compared to the CI obtained in uninfested clams. The estimated parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation are Lα =73.4 nun, K = 0.5816/year and t|,= —0.4088 yr. A, granosa attains 41.1, 55.3 and 66.3 mm on completion of 1,2 and 3 years respectively. Various morphometric and lergth-weight relationships are studied.
Investigation of Wolbachia symbiosis in isopods and filarial nematodes by genomic and interactome studies

Les Wolbachia sont des alpha-proteobacteries presentes chez de nombreux arthropodes et nematodes filaires. Ces bacteries heritees maternellement induisent chez leurs hotes des phenotypes allant du parasitisme au mutualisme, avec le long de ce continuum des phenotypes tels que la feminisation (F), l'incompatibilite cytoplasmique (IC) ou la mort des mâles. Wolbachia est ainsi un modele particulierement interessant pour etudier les differents types de relations symbiotiques.Chez Brugia malayi, comme pour les autres nematodes filaires, Wolbachia vit en symbiose obligatoire avec son hote. L'elimination de la bacterie par des traitements antibiotiques entraine une perte de fertilite voire la mort du nematode. Chez l'isopode terrestre Armadillidium vulgare, Wolbachia induit la feminisation des mâles genetiques en femelles fonctionnelles entrainant des biais de sex-ratio vers les femelles dans la descendance.Pour comprendre les mecanismes impliques dans ces deux symbioses, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle methode de capture pour isoler l'ADN de Wolbachia et sequencer 8 souches de Wolbachia d'isopodes (F et IC). Une etude de genomique comparative a permis d'etablir un premier pan-genome des bacteries du genre Wolbachia et d'identifier 2, 5 et 3 genes presents seulement chez les souches mutualistes, feminisantes ou induisant la mort des mâles. L'expression des genes potentiellement impliques dans la feminisation ou le mutualisme a ete etudiee au cours du developpement de l'hote. L'etude de l'interactome proteique bacterie-hote a ensuite ete initiee en utilisant comme appât des proteines bacteriennes a domaines eucaryotes en vue d'identifier les cibles de Wolbachia chez l'hote.
Le manioc au Cameroun, une filière vivrière autorégulée

Le manioc apparait comme un produit alimentaire aux atouts multiples : faibles exigences de la plante sur le plan agronomique, disponibilite de ressources en terre dans les zones agroecologiques favorables, faibles couts de production dans les systemes paysans, multiples possibilites de transformation artisanale et industrielle du tubercule, variete des formes sous lesquelles le manioc est consomme et importance du marche de consommation (plus de 80 % de la population urbaine). Ces atouts conferent a cette filiere de petits operateurs une situation assez particuliere. Filiere autonome, contrairement aux autres denrees alimentaires pour lesquelles des mesures de regulation sont prises, elle n’est influencee ni par l’Etat (absence de toute reglementation concernant le manioc), ni par les institutions internationales, encore moins par le marche exterieur (en dehors de l’amidon, aucun produit de manioc n’est importe). Lautoregulation qui s’exerce par les marches interieurs semble resulter d’une convergence d’interets a la fois des producteurs, animes par la volonte de vendre plus pour amortir les effets de la crise, et des consommateurs qui, pour les memes raisons, se satisfont de mets a bas prix, ne repugnant parfois pas a manger, meme contre leur volonte, le manioc devenu, pour certains, repas de crise.
Microbial Cell Individuality

This chapter focuses on heterogeneity phenomena among single-celled organisms. It has generally been considered that phenotypic heterogeneity provides a dynamic source of diversity in addition to that derived from genotypic changes such as genome rearrangements and mutation (i.e., genotypic heterogeneity). Recent studies highlighted in this chapter have substantiated this view. This chapter addresses examples of cell-individualized phenotypes in which the benefits of heterogeneity to population fitness can be readily envisaged. Moreover, the most recent studies have risen to the challenge of demonstrating fitness benefits of heterogeneity experimentally, and these studies are discussed in this chapter. The chapter integrates recent studies to describe the molecular bases and consequences of heterogeneity for several of the key phenotypes characterized by variability in clonal microbial populations. Much of the recent focus of research relevant to the field of cell individuality has been to uncover the drivers of diversity operating at the molecular level, in particular the contributions of stochasticity or noise to the processes of gene transcription and translation. The chapter presents a study which describes that the heterogeneity-specific advantage was particularly striking considering that it was prevalent in mutant populations that are conventionally considered to be disadvantaged. Recent research efforts in the area of phenotypic heterogeneity have served to advance significantly the understanding of its nature. The potential benefits of this form of heterogeneity to microbial cell populations are now widely acknowledged and have recently been demonstrated experimentally.
Preliminary research concerning the identification of reistance genotypes on Cucurbitaceae family in artificial infection conditions with cmv (Cucumber mosaic virus)

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was first described in detail in 1916 on cucumber (simultaneously by Doolittle and Jagger) and other cucurbits, but is now known to occur worldwide in both temperate and tropical climates, affecting many agricultural and horticultural crops. Development of genetic resistance to CMV in many vegetables has made a valuable contribution for disease management of this important virus disease. There are some CMV resistant (tolerant) cucumber varieties available that produce a good crop, but most other cucurbits are susceptible to CMV. The screening of the 37 field samples collected from six species of Cucurbitaceae were tested by TAS-ELISA, 13 samples were found to be infected by CMV. Among them. In IC-RT-PCR using the MAbs and specific primers in the region of the coat protein (CP) gene, samples shown that results obtained by TAS-ELISA gave one specific band about 500 nucleotides in length. The validity and reliability of the results of TAS-ELISA and IC-RT-PCR was confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of nearly full-length CP genes of the isolates.
Containment facilities and safeguards for exotic plant pathogens and pests.

In this age of modern era, the use of internet must be maximized. Yeah, internet will help us very much not only for important thing but also for daily activities. Many people now, from any level can use internet. The sources of internet connection can also be enjoyed in many places. As one of the benefits is to get the on-line containment facilities and safeguards for exotic plant pathogens and pests book, as the world window, as many people suggest.
MYCOSPORINE‐LIKE AMINO ACIDS AND PHYLOGENIES IN GREEN ALGAE: PRASIOLA AND ITS RELATIVES FROM THE TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE (CHLOROPHYTA) 1

A UV‐absorbing mycosporine‐like amino acid (324 nm‐MAA), so far only known from the green macroalgal genus Prasiola (Trebouxiophyceae), was also identified in other morphologically diverse green algae closely related to Prasiola spp. in 18S rDNA phylogenies. Using HPLC, a second UV‐absorbing compound was found only in Myrmecia incisa Reisigal among all studied strains. This substance showed an absorption maximum at 322 nm and hence was designated as putative 322 nm‐MAA. Preliminary UV‐exposure experiments indicated that all species containing one or the other MAA showed a strong accumulation of the respective compound, thus supporting their function as putative UV sunscreen. Both UV‐absorbing substances were only identified in the studied members of the Trebouxiophyceae but were absent in members of the Ulvophyceae and Chlorophyceae. When mapped on an 18S rDNA phylogeny, the distribution of 324 nm‐MAA was found to be scattered within the Trebouxiophyceae but was consistent with a distribution that follows phylogenetic patterns rather than ecological adaptations. The 324 nm‐MAA was also detected in two phylogenetically related species from freshwater as well as from subaerial habitats, Watanabea reniformis Hanagata et al. and isolate UR7/5, which were phylogenetically independent of Prasiola and its closer allies. MAAs were absent in another Trebouxiophyceae clade comprising lichen photobionts (Coccomyxa pringsheimii Jaag) as well as freshwater picoplanktonic algae (Choricystis minor (Skuja) Fott). The data presented suggest a chemotaxonomic value of the 324 nm‐MAA in green algal taxonomy. To address the paraphyly of the genus Myrmecia Printz as presently circumscribed, we propose the new combination Lobosphaera incisa.
Do Central Compact Objects have Carbon Atmospheres?

Only three of the dozen central compact objects (CCOs) in supernova remnants (SNRs) show thermal X-ray pulsations due to nonuniform surface temperature (hot spots). The absence of X-ray pulsations from several unpulsed CCOs has motivated suggestions that they have uniform-temperature carbon atmospheres (UTCAs), which adequately fit their spectra with appropriate neutron star (NS) surface areas. This is in contrast to the two-temperature blackbody or hydrogen atmospheres that also fit well. Here we investigate the applicability of UTCAs to CCOs. We show the following: (i) The phase-averaged spectra of the three pulsed CCOs can also be fitted with a UTCA of the appropriate NS area, despite pulsed CCOs manifestly having nonuniform surface temperature. A good spectral fit is therefore not strong support for the UTCA model of unpulsed CCOs. (ii) An improved spectrum of one unpulsed CCO, previously analyzed with a UTCA, does not allow an acceptable fit. (iii) For two unpulsed CCOs, the UTCA does not allow a distance compatible with the SNR distance. These results imply that, in general, CCOs must have hot, localized regions on the NS surface. We derive new X-ray pulse modulation upper limits on the unpulsed CCOs, and constrain their hot spot sizes and locations. We develop an alternative model that accounts for both the pulsed and unpulsed CCOs: a range of angles between hot spot and rotation axes consistent with an exponential distribution with scale factor λ ∼ 20°. We discuss the physical mechanisms that could produce such small angles and small hot spots.
Cytotoxicity of Human β-Interferon for Differentiating Leukemic HL-60 Cells

Abstract We examined the effect of human interferon (HulFN) -α and -β on the proliferation and differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells into mature granulocytes. Neither HulFN-α nor -β, alone, from 1 to 1000 IU/ml, nor the homologous mock HulFN preparations affected HL-60 cell differentiation or proliferation. Whereas the combination of HulFN-α (10 to 1000 IU/ml) with DMSO also did not affect the proliferation or differentiation of HL-60 cells, the addition of HulFN-β (1000 IU/ml) and DMSO (1.25%) to growing cultures reduced cell viability as much as 14% of that observed for cells treated with DMSO alone or to 4% of that observed for either untreated cells or those treated with HulFN-β alone. The cytotoxic effect declined with decreasing concentrations of HulFN-β. The cytotoxic effect of DMSO and HulFN-β was exerted only as cells began to differentiate. Removal of HulFN-β at Day 2 did not reverse the cytotoxic effect, and addition of HulFN-β at Day 2 did not inhibit cell proliferation. Addition of HulFN-β to postmitotic cells on Day 4 after DMSO treatment did not affect proliferation but did slow differentiation. The cytotoxic and anti-differentiative effects of naturally produced HulFN-β were confirmed with highly purified recombinant HulFN-β. Undifferentiated HL-60 cells were resistant to the antiviral effects of HulFN-β, requiring 4 to 6 times the concentration to protect 50% of the cells against vesicular stomatitis virus as that needed to produce a cytotoxic or antidifferentiative effect. The profoundly cytotoxic effects of HulFN-β reported here may provide a model to study this interferon in combination with inducers of leukemic cell differentiation as a possible strategy in cancer therapy.
Transcatheter Interatrial Shunt Device for the Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (REDUCE LAP-HF I [Reduce Elevated Left Atrial Pressure in Patients With Heart Failure]): A Phase 2, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND In nonrandomized, open-label studies, a transcatheter interatrial shunt device (IASD, Corvia Medical) was associated with lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), fewer symptoms, and greater quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) and midrange or preserved ejection fraction (EF ≥40%). We conducted the first randomized sham-controlled trial to evaluate the IASD in HF with EF ≥40%. METHODS REDUCE LAP-HF I (Reduce Elevated Left Atrial Pressure in Patients With Heart Failure) was a phase 2, randomized, parallel-group, blinded multicenter trial in patients with New York Heart Association class III or ambulatory class IV HF, EF ≥40%, exercise PCWP ≥25 mm Hg, and PCWP-right atrial pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg. Participants were randomized (1:1) to the IASD versus a sham procedure (femoral venous access with intracardiac echocardiography but no IASD placement). The participants and investigators assessing the participants during follow-up were blinded to treatment assignment. The primary effectiveness end point was exercise PCWP at 1 month. The primary safety end point was major adverse cardiac, cerebrovascular, and renal events at 1 month. PCWP during exercise was compared between treatment groups using a mixed-effects repeated measures model analysis of covariance that included data from all available stages of exercise. RESULTS A total of 94 patients were enrolled, of whom 44 met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were randomized to the IASD (n=22) and control (n=22) groups. Mean age was 70±9 years, and 50% were female. At 1 month, the IASD resulted in a greater reduction in PCWP compared with sham control (P=0.028 accounting for all stages of exercise). Peak PCWP decreased by 3.5±6.4 mm Hg in the treatment group versus 0.5±5.0 mm Hg in the control group (P=0.14). There were no peri-procedural or 1-month major adverse cardiac, cerebrovascular, and renal events in the IASD group and 1 event (worsening renal function) in the control group (P=1.0). CONCLUSIONS In patients with HF and EF ≥40%, IASD treatment reduces PCWP during exercise. Whether this mechanistic effect will translate into sustained improvements in symptoms and outcomes requires further evaluation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02600234.