Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcription of the derepressed open reading frame P of herpes simplex virus 1 precludes the expression of the antisense gamma(1)34.5 gene and may account for the attenuation of the mutant virus

Open reading frame P (ORF P), located at the 3' terminus of the 8.5-kb DNA sequence transcribed during latency and almost completely antisense to the gamma(1)34.5 gene, is naturally repressed by infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), the major herpes simplex virus 1 regulatory protein. Earlier studies on cells infected with a mutant in which the expression of ORF P is derepressed have shown that (i) the accumulation of the alpha infected cell proteins 0 (ICP0) and 22 (ICP22), the products of spliced mRNAs, is reduced congruent with the binding of ORF P protein to p32, a component of the ASF/SF2 splicing factors, (ii) ORF P protein colocalizes with spliceosomes, (iii) both gamma(1)34.5 mRNA and protein are virtually undetectable, and (iv) the virus is attenuated on intracerebral inoculation in mice. We report the construction and characterization of two recombinant viruses: R7546, in which ORF P transcription was derepressed and the initiator methionine codon was replaced; and R7547, in which both mutations were repaired to the wild-type genotype. The mutations in R7546 do not alter the amino acid sequence of the gamma(1)34.5 gene. We report that (i) the reduction in the accumulation of gamma(1)34.5 mRNA and protein in cells infected with mutant viruses expressing derepressed ORF P genes reflects the effects of antisense transcription of ORF P rather than a function of ORF P protein, (ii) the attenuated phenotype of the viruses carrying derepressed ORF P genes is due largely to the absence of the gamma(1)34.5 protein, and (iii) the reduction in accumulation of ICP0 and ICP22 requires the expression of ORF P protein.
Prospects for the Precise Engineering of Plant Genomes by Homologous Recombination

Abstract The targeting of chromosomal genes via homologous recombination (HR) is an essential tool of reverse genetics as applied for the functional assay of genes within complex genomes. However, in higher plants, foreign DNA integrates almost exclusively at random, non-homologous sites. A variety of environmental parameters known to influence levels of HR do not increase targeting frequencies when combined in gene-targeting experiments. The identification of cellular factors that may control the level of chromosomal HR in plant somatic cells is required. Plant genes encoding proteins similar to those involved in HR in other organisms can be found in the expanding sequence databases. Evidence for evolutionary conservation should help to decipher mechanisms of plant HR and possibly detect limiting factors. At present, however, only one genetic locus influencing levels of chromosomal recombination in plants has been well defined. Here we summarise current knowledge of HR and the status of gene targeting (GT) in plants, focusing on genetic approaches to molecular factors regulating HR levels.
SUPERHERO PLAY AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 4 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 45 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 55 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS 74 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 95 APPENDICES 99 REFRENCES 103
Brain injury rehabilitation: what works for whom and when?

Primary objective : This paper reviewed the available evidence that patient characteristics may determine the type of intervention that works best in brain injury rehabilitation. Reasoning behind literature selection : A broad search strategy was used to identify papers which enabled conclusions to be drawn about patient characteristics which determined rehabilitation effectiveness. Six main areas were considered: severity of the brain injury, presenting problem, complicating factors, rehabilitation readiness, demographic, and socio-geographic variables. Critical analysis of literature : A levels of evidence analysis was used to evaluate the studies. Main outcomes and results : Very few studies on rehabilitation effectiveness were found which attempted to define the patient characteristics which predict a good response to rehabilitation. The best evidence relates to injury severity; more intense programmes may be unnecessary for those with less severe injuries. There is some evidence that dysexecutive problems, i.e. difficulties with organization and control of behaviour and emotion, interfere with rehabilitation. Conclusions : Patient characteristics may well determine individual benefits from particular rehabilitation programmes. However, few studies have attempted to provide evidence about this. As health provision focuses on needs-led services, it becomes paramount to investigate effectiveness from the client's perspective.
MYCOFLORA AND MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION OF SOME DRIED FRUITS IN YEMEN REPUBLIC

The mycoflora analysis of some dried fruits in Yemen Republic showed a wide range of fungal contamination in 60 samples collected from different markets in Sana'a, Taiz, Adan and Ibb governorates. Twenty three species and one variety belonging to 15 genera were isolated from dried fruits (raisins, dates and figs) on two types of media. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most common fungal species isolated on 1% glucose–Czapek’s agar medium at 28oC, while Eurotium amstelodami, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, A. niger and P. chrysogenum were common on 40% sucrose-Czapek’s agar. The dried fruit samples were analyzed for the presence of different mycotoxins. Thin Layer chromatographic analysis of chloroform extracts of dried fruits revealed that six samples of dried raisins, two samples of dried figs and two samples of dates were naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The concentrations of aflatoxin were ranged between 130350 μg/kg of raisins, 120-250 μg/kg of figs and 110-180 μg/kg of dates. Ochratoxin A was detected in four samples of figs (70-160μ/kg). The other mycotoxins under investigation were not detected. Bioassay test using Artemia salina larvae showed that chloroform extracts of 14 dried samples were toxic.
Interaction of lipoteichoic acid of group A streptococci with human platelets

The interaction of group A streptococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) with mammalian cell membranes was studied in human platelets. The binding of LTA to platelets was platelet concentration and time dependent. Binding approached a maximum within 10 min of incubation. The bound LTA could be displaced by adding a 50-fold excess of unlabeled LTA. An association constant of 1.9 X 10(-7) M was calculated, and only one population of binding sites was detected. Immuno-ferritin labeling of LTA-treated platelets demonstrated a patchy distribution of LTA binding sites on the platelet surface. LTA inhibited collagen- and alpha1 chain-induced platelet aggregation, but not the platelet release reaction, suggesting that the LTA and collagen binding sites on human platelets are distinct. Apparently, LTA binds to platelets and interferes with collagen-induced aggregation although collagen is still able to attach to binding sites to trigger the release reaction.
Three Stage Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin—Recent Results and Present Status of an Advanced Model System of Chemical Carcinogenesis

In the three stage model of carcinogenesis in mouse skin, to a certain compartment of normal cells new and adverse biological properties are imposed by the initiator DMBA yielding ‘potential tumor cells,’ or ‘initiated cells. ’ These initiated cells exhibit a selective advantage of growth over surrounding normal cells if exposed to DTE promoters. The new properties may result from a genomic mutation associated with an increase of density, affinity or cooperativity of certain membrane receptors as compared to normal cells. Complete promoters, such as TPA, but not incomplete promoters such as RPA may impose a second additional genomic or epigenomic insult onto initiated cells (‘conversion'). As a consequence, initiated cells become ready to respond to unspecific mitogenic stimuli (‘propagation'), as provided by hyperplasiogenic agents. The initiation/promotion model of mouse skin presents new and attractive possibilities to apply the oncogene approach for further in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms of its stages. It remains to be seen to what extent molecular events demonstrated causative for the stages in the mouse skin model are applicable also to stages in multistage models of chemical carcinogenesis operational in other target tissues.
Correlation of HER-2 over expression and tumour grade in ductal carcinoma breast : A three years study in a tertiary teaching hospital in Uttar Pradesh , India

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of multiple subtypes. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified-NOS) is the most common type. This study was designed to detect HER -2 expression by immunohistochemistry on routine sections of breast carcinoma cases and to compare it with the histological grading of ductal carcinoma.
From the Intermountain Institute for Healthcare Delivery Research.

A s health care organizations accept more responsibility for patient outcomes, interest in understanding the role that social determinants can play in health care outcomes is increasing. Social determinants are defined as “the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. ” The majority of our health is determined by non–care delivery factors including our personal health behaviors, genetics, and social and environmental exposures. These non– care delivery factors have been linked to poorer health care outcomes including delays in diagnosis and treatment, poor treatment adherence, higher utilization and readmission levels, and increased short-term mortality. Concerted research in the United States to address the effects of social determinants on health has come largely through public health agencies and nonprofit organizations. Health care organizations may lack the expertise and resources needed to address the effects of social determinants on health care outcomes. Before developing an internally based program, organizations should understand what programs matching identified patient needs may already exist in a community. The development of partnerships then between health care organizations and these community-based organizations (CBOs) represent one potential mechanism for addressing the health needs of underserved populations seeking care. Productive and well-coordinated collaborations allow each organization to focus on respective competencies, working efficiently together to improve patient health and health care outcomes. Partnerships between health care organizations, public health, and CBOs are not new. However, changing financial incentives faced by health care organizations that require a population health perspective are renewing questions about the potential effects that such programs can have on health care quality and utilization.
Control of the repetitive discharge of rat CA 1 pyramidal neurones in vitro.

Experiments using intracellular recording techniques were performed on rat hippocampal neurones in vitro, to study the discharge properties of these cells. When CA 1 pyramidal cells were excited by injecting long depolarizing current pulses (approximately 600‐800 ms), they responded with an initial rapid action potential discharge which slowed, or accommodated, and then stopped after 200‐300 ms. The train of action potentials was followed by a hyperpolarization which was due primarily to calcium‐activated potassium conductance (GK(Ca]. The amplitude of this hyperpolarization increased with an increasing number of action potentials in the initial discharge. Blocking the calcium‐activated potassium conductance, by injecting EGTA into the cell, by bathing the cell in cadmium, a calcium channel blocker, or by bathing the cell in calcium‐free medium, reduced the after‐hyperpolarization (a.h.p.) and accommodation such that the frequency of action potential discharge increased and the duration of this discharge was prolonged. Blocking the calcium‐activated potassium conductance had a greater effect on discharge frequency later in the action potential train, as late interspike intervals were shortened more than early ones by the application of cadmium or of calcium‐free medium. This was presumably because the calcium‐activated potassium conductance was more developed later in the train. Accommodation was not completely abolished in the absence of calcium and presence of cadmium, suggesting that other factors, in addition to calcium‐activated potassium conductance, contributed to this process. This remaining accommodation was reduced by low doses of carbachol, suggesting that the M‐current also plays a role in accommodation. We conclude that accommodation of the action potential discharge of hippocampal pyramidal cells may be regulated by at least two potassium currents: the calcium‐activated potassium current and the M‐current. Both of these currents are turned on during excitation of the neurone and act in an inhibitory manner on that neurone to limit further action potential discharge.
Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency.

UNLABELLED Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency. BACKGROUND Little is known about the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors in individuals with mild renal insufficiency (RI). Furthermore, the long-term outcomes associated with mild RI in the community have not been described. METHODS Serum creatinine (SCr) was measured in 6233 adult participants of the Framingham Heart Study (mean age 54 years, 54% women). Mild RI was defined as SCr 136 to 265 micromol/liter (1.5 to 3.0 mg/dl) in men and 120 to 265 micromol/liter (1.4 to 3.0 mg/dl) in women. The lower limits for mild RI were defined by the sex-specific 95th percentile SCr values in a healthy subgroup of our sample. The upper limit for mild RI was chosen to exclude those subjects with more advanced renal failure. Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to determine the relationship of baseline RI to CVD and all-cause mortality. RESULTS At baseline, 8.7% of men (N = 246) and 8.0% of women (N = 270) had mild RI. Nineteen percent of the subjects with mild RI had prevalent CVD. During 15 years of follow-up, there were 1000 CVD events and 1406 deaths. In women, mild RI was not associated with increased risk for CVD events [hazards ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.37] or all-cause mortality (HR 1.08, 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.34). In men, mild RI showed no significant associations with CVD events (HR 1.17, 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.57), but it was associated with all-cause mortality in age-adjusted (HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.79) and multivariable adjusted (HR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.67) analyses. CONCLUSION Mild RI in the community is common and is associated with a high prevalence of CVD. The association of RI with risk for adverse outcomes is strongly related to coexisting CVD and CVD risk factors.
Twisted String Actuation Systems: A Study of the Mathematical Model and a Comparison of Twisted Strings

This paper presents an improved mathematical model of a twisted string transmission system. The proposed mathematical model has been validated experimentally and provided a better match with the practical data in comparison with the conventional model. Translational transmission systems based on twisted strings coupled with electric motors can compose light-weight, compact, and mechanically simple actuators that can be used in various robotic applications. An extensive experimental study on the performance of different types of strings during twisting is presented. The drawbacks and advantages of each type of strings, along with some of their properties, are discussed.
Reactive compensation techniques for increasing loadability of long primary distribution lines

Electric networks often consist of remote cities or villages with low population densities, which consume a considerably small amount of energy. This can be in the order of a few megawatts for places that are up to 100 km away from the source. Typical uncompensated primary distribution lines are not an effective option for these situations, since line loadability drastically decreases as the line length is increased. Increasing the voltage level, on the other hand, is not cost effective. This paper investigates different reactive compensation techniques for increasing the loadability of these lines. Effect of series capacitors, shunt capacitors and voltage regulating transformers in such systems, as separate or combined configurations, have been analyzed and compared.
Work-in-progress: optimizing DCNN FPGA accelerator design for handwritten hangul character recognition

Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is a break-through technology in image recognition. However, because of extreme computing resource requirements, DCNN need to be implemented by hardware accelerator. In this paper, we present an FPGA-based accelerator design techniques of DCNN for handwritten Hangul character recognition engine. We achieved about 11.9ms recognition time per character with Xilinx FPGA accelerator. Our design optimization was performed with Xilinx HLS and SDAccel environment targeting Kintex XCKU115 FPGA from Xilinx. Our design outperforms CPU in terms of execution time 6.25 times, and GPGPU in terms of energy efficiency 4.7 times and cooling cost for the computing servers by 17 times. We think the research results imply deep learning with FPGA accelerator will be alternative to GPGPU solutions for real-time applications, especially in data centers or sever farms.
Fine‐scale mapping of type I allergy candidate loci suggests central susceptibility genes on chromosomes 3q, 4q and Xp

Background: Type I allergy globally affects an increasing number of individuals with the consequence of considerable personal morbidity and socio‐economic costs. Identification of disease susceptibility genes would render enormous medical perspectives in terms of improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Like for other complex disorders, achievement of the knowledge necessary depends on confirmation of reported genomic candidate regions.
Ultrasonography of Abnormal Neck Lymph Nodes

Ultrasonography is a useful imaging modality for assessing cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with head and neck carcinomas. Features of cervical lymph nodes using gray-scale and color and power Doppler ultrasonography can help to distinguish normal and reactive lymph nodes from potentially metastatic lymph nodes. The distinguishing features that separate abnormal from normal cervical lymph nodes include peripheral vascularity, shape, overall lymph node echogenicity, absence of hilus, presence of nodal microcalcifications, and cystic changes. Often, a combination of these features is needed to assign a cervical lymph node as being abnormal.
Effect of Temperature on Pulse Wave Velocity and Arterial Compliance

The compliance of a material is the ability of the material to expand or contract. A low arterial compliance will lead to high blood pressure and, ultimately, cardiovascular disease. The velocity of the pulse wave traveling through an artery is a function of the compliance of the artery that it is traveling through. Therefore, the compliance of an artery can be indirectly observed by measuring several pulse wave velocities in the artery. This experiment investigates the effect, if any, of temperature on arterial compliance. Two electrocardiographs (ECGs) were taken from healthy human subjects at the right wrist to right elbow, before and after an application of a temperature gradient. For one study, the subject’s arm was put into water of a significantly higher temperature than the body. For the other study, the subject’s arm was put into water of a significantly lower temperature than the body. From the ECGs taken, the relative pulse wave velocities before and after the applications of the local temperature gradients were determined. It was determined that the local heating resulted in an increase in the pulse wave velocity in the artery, and the application of the local cooling resulted in a decrease in the pulse wave velocity in the artery.
Dissemination of amikacin resistance gene aphA6 in Acinetobacter spp

The distribution of the aphA6 gene, encoding a 3'-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type VI, was studied by dot blot hybridization with 115 amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter strains from various geographical areas. Nucleotide sequences related to aphA6 were found in 109 strains belonging to seven species. As inferred from results of Southern hybridization, dissemination of amikacin resistance in Acinetobacter spp. is due to a gene rather than a strain or plasmid epidemic.
Training Injuries in Rugby League: An Evaluation of Skill‐Based Conditioning Games

This study investigated the site and nature of rugby league training injuries, and identified the training activities that were most likely to result in injury in rugby league players. The incidence of training injuries was prospectively studied in 60 semiprofessional rugby league players over 1 season. Injury data was collected from 72 training sessions, which included all preseason and in-season training sessions. Injuries were described according to site, type, and the training activity performed at the time of injury. The majority of injuries (90.9 per 1000 training hours, 37.5%) were sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involved no skill component (i.e., running without the ball). In contrast, the incidence of injuries sustained while participating in skill-based conditioning games (26.0 per 1000 training hours, 10.7%) was low. These results suggest that skill-based conditioning games offer a safe, effective method of conditioning for rugby league players.
Social-Aware Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks

The ever-increasing demands for local area services underlaying cellular networks benefit from direct device-to-device (D2D) communications, where an efficient scheme for resource allocation is needed to increase the system capacity as the result of interference caused by spectrum sharing. Current works mainly focus on maximizing the overall transmission capacity according to interference constraints of the physical domain. However, D2D users in the social domain form different social communities, and each social community is likely to improve its own group's data transmission cooperatively without considering other communities. Therefore, social relationships among mobile users influence the strategy of the resource allocations for the D2D communications. In this paper, we first introduce social relationships in the continuum space into the resource allocation for D2D communications, which consider the complex social connections in the social domain. Then a social group utility maximization game is formulated to maximize the social group utility of each D2D user, which quantitatively measures the joint performance of social and physical domains. We theoretically investigate the Nash Equilibrium of our proposed game and further propose a distributed algorithm based on the switch operations of the resource allocation vector. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed solution increases the utility of overall social groups about 45% on average without loss of the fairness compared with other state-of-the-art schemes.