Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of cognitive parallel task with varying memory load on motor imagery BCI

As one of the most practical EEG-based paradigms, motor imagery brain computer interface(MI-BCI) is not only used to control external devices, but also to help patients with hemiparesis to reconstruct impaired motor function. However, due to event-related (de)synchronization(ERD/ERS) during motor imagery are not stable enough, the performance of classification of MI-BCI is relatively poor. It has become a focus of study that how to achieve the feature enhancement of motor imagery. Since motor imagery is a cognitive processing that engages parts of the motor resources, we try to improve suppression and enhancement of amplitude (ERD/ERS) in a novel way by changing cognitive state. In this study, we designed a cognitive parallel n-back task with varying memory load to carry out with motor imagery task synchronously. The result of 13 subjects who volunteered in this experiment was shown that increased memory load could activate much stronger power decrease of ERD pattern at alpha rhythms in both sides of sensorimotor cortex, especially in contralateral area. Furthermore, we calculated the accuracy of classification between motor imaginary and motor idle status in different conditions by two classifiers, respectively. Through the paired t-test, we obtained that the accuracy of high memory load condition was significantly higher than the low load condition(SVM: (76.3±13.3)% and (83.4±10.5)%, p<0.01; LDA: (78.0±13.5)% and (84.6±12.4)%, p<0.05). A conclusion can be drawn that memory load have a positive impact on ERD pattern, even it is not caused by motor imagery itself. Besides, it may imply a new approach to modulate brain oscillations related to motor imagery by changing cognitive state.
High-Frequency EEG Variations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder during Human Faces Visualization

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the impairment in the social reciprocity, interaction/language, and behavior, with stereotypes and signs of sensory function deficits. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a well-established and noninvasive tool for neurophysiological characterization and monitoring of the brain electrical activity, able to identify abnormalities related to frequency range, connectivity, and lateralization of brain functions. This research aims to evidence quantitative differences in the frequency spectrum pattern between EEG signals of children with and without ASD during visualization of human faces in three different expressions: neutral, happy, and angry. Quantitative clinical evaluations, neuropsychological evaluation, and EEG of children with and without ASD were analyzed paired by age and gender. The results showed stronger activation in higher frequencies (above 30 Hz) in frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions in the ASD group. This pattern of activation may correlate with developmental characteristics in the children with ASD.
La Relación Entre Neoinstitucionalismo Económico Y Sociológico (The Relationship between Economic and Sociological Neoinstitutionalism)

Spanish Abstract: Este trabajo pretende demostrar la concordancia fundamental entre las aportaciones teoricas procedentes de los economistas y sociologos neoinstitucionalistas. Para tal fin, las agrupa en seis categorias: teleologia, epistemologia, metodologia, agente individual, organizaciones e instituciones. En vista de los resultados, se concluye que si bien dichas contribuciones muestran un perfil teorico muy similar, tambien tienen ciertas discrepancias que abren la posibilidad de un debate fructifero dentro de esta corriente de pensamiento.English Abstract: This research tries to demonstrate the fundamental agreement between the theoretical contributions from neoinstitutionalist economists and sociologists. To achieve this goal, we grouped these contributions into six main categories: teleology, epistemology, methodology, individual agents, organizations and institutions. In view of the results, we conclude that, while these contributions have a very similar theoretical profile, we can also identify certain discrepancies that open the possibility to establish a profitable debate within this trend of thought).
DsTRD: Danshen Transcriptional Resource Database

Salvia miltiorrhiza has been comprehensively studied as a medicinal model plant. However, research progress on this species is significantly hindered by its unavailable genome sequences and limited number of expressed sequence tags in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Thus, a transcript database must be developed to assist researchers to browse, search, and align sequences for gene cloning and functional analysis in S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, the Danshen Transcriptional Resource Database (DsTRD) was built using 76,531 transcribed sequences assembled from 12 RNA-Seq transcriptomes. Among these 12 RNA-seq data, ten were downloaded from NCBI database. The remaining two were enced on the Hiseq2000 platform using the stem and hairy-root of S. miltiorrhiza. The transcripts were annotated as protein-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, microRNA precursors, and phased secondary small-interfering RNA genes through several bioinformatics methods. The tissue expression levels for each transcript were also calculated and presented in terms of RNA-Seq data. Overall, DsTRD facilitates browsing and searching for sequences and functional annotations of S. miltiorrhiza. DsTRD is freely available at http://bi.sky. zstu.edu. cn/DsTRD/home.php.
Multiprocessor fixed-priority scheduling with restricted interprocessor migrations

The priority-driven scheduling of periodic and sporadic task systems upon identical multiprocessor platforms is considered, under the restrictions that (i) each job may be assigned exactly one priority throughout its lifetime, and (ii) each job may execute upon only a single processor. It is shown that the feasibility-analysis under these restrictions is intractable (NP-hard in the strong sense). A scheduling algorithm is presented that satisfies these restrictions, and that has a worst-case utilization bound comparable to the worst-case utilization bounds of partitioned scheduling algorithms, and of scheduling algorithms that retain the priority-assignment restriction but allow arbitrary interprocessor migration.
The impact of migraine on quality of life in the general population

Objective: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in migraineurs in the general population. Design: Cross-sectional study within the context of a population-based study monitoring health characteristics of the Dutch adult population in two municipalities representative of the general population in the Netherlands. Migraine was assessed in a multistaged procedure that included a semistructured clinical interview by telephone. Final diagnosis met 1988 International Headache Society criteria. HRQOL was measured with the self-administered RAND 36-item Health Survey (RAND-36), including physical functioning, social functioning, role limitations, and physical perception. HRQOL of migraineurs was compared with that of nonmigraineurs. To compare and study the effect of comorbidity, the authors also identified subjects with asthma or chronic musculoskeletal pain. There were 5998 people with complete data, 620 of whom had migraine in the last year. Results: Compared with nonmigraineurs, significantly more migraineurs had asthma (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1, 2.4) or chronic musculoskeletal pain (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.5, 2.1). Migraineurs reported diminished functioning and well-being on all eight domains as compared with nonmigraineurs. HRQOL was inversely related to attack frequency (p < 0.0002). Migraineurs had a poorer HRQOL than did those reporting asthma, except for dimensions concerning physical functioning and general health perception, but they had a better HRQOL than did subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Comorbidity of asthma or chronic musculoskeletal pain in migraine further reduced HRQOL. Conclusions: Migraineurs report more asthma and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Compared with nonmigraineurs and to others with chronic conditions, migraineurs report compromised physical, mental, and social functioning, particularly those with a high frequency of attack.
Elevated plasminogen receptor expression occurs as a degradative phase event in cellular apoptosis

Plasminogen activation (PA) is involved in a variety of extracellular proteolytic events, such as fibrinolysis, cell migration (e.g. angiogenesis, tumour cell invasion, inflammation, wound healing, bacterial invasion), ovulation, tissue remodelling and the activation of other protease classes and growth factors. These diverse roles are due to the specific localization of components of the PA system to extracellular matrices, basement membranes, fibrin and cell surfaces. We have previously reported that PA is dramatically elevated during cycloheximide (CHX)‐induced apoptosis in U937 cells due to a concomitant increase in both plasminogen receptors (PLG‐R; i.e. specific PLG binding) and cell–surface urokinase plasminogen activator. We now extend this study by showing that the increase in PLG‐R (resulting in an increase in specific PLG binding) is a late apoptotic event coincident with propidium iodide uptake and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation but occurring after elevations in phosphatidylserine exposure. Plasminogen was also observed to dramatically increase the rate of CHX‐induced apoptosis. We conclude that PA may play a role in the degradative (i.e. late‐stage) events of cellular apoptosis.
Early speech–language development in females with Rett syndrome: focusing on the preserved speech variant

Aim Our aim was to contribute new findings related to the pre‐regressional verbal development of females with a variant of Rett syndrome (RTT) as the loss of spoken language is one of the key clinical features of RTT, and it would be of particular interest to study the early speech–language development of females who are considered to have preserved some speech–language abilities.
USE OF HOMOEOPATHY AND NON-ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT FOR MASTITIS IN SOMERSET

In the Guernsey herd results were assessed on the basis of clinical signs, palpable udder health, milk appearance and non-recurrence of clinical cases, plus reference to the bulk milk somatic cell count. The herd is not NMRrecorded. Over the three-year period of study so far, the homoeopathic and non-antibiotic therapy resulted in a clinical cure rate of 70% from October 1999 to September 2000 and 55% from then until the end of August 2001.
DWT-based error concealment techniques

Summary form only given. This paper describes an adaptive error recovery technique for a DWT-based coding and transmission system, which recovers singularity information as well as continuity. The approach provided in this paper not only interpolates from the boundary, but also maintains the sharpness in background instead of smoothing the discontinuity out. The recovery function is modeled by the numerical solution of a special category of elliptic equation. The difference between adjacent data can be adjusted by the given weights. The choice of the weights allows high flexibility in maintaining contrast, since we can give small weights where we have evidence for edges.
Improving high-level and gate-level testing with FATE: A functional automatic test pattern generator traversing unstabilised extended FSM

A functional automatic test pattern generator (ATPG) that explores the design under test (DUT) state space by exploiting an easy-to-traverse extended finite state machine (FSM) model has been described. The ATPG engine relies on learning, backjumping and constraint logic programming to deterministically generate test vectors for traversing all transitions of the extended FSM. Testing of hard-to-detect faults is thus improved. The generated test sequences are very effective in detecting both high-level faults and gate-level stuck-at faults. Thus, the reuse of test sequences generated by the proposed ATPG allows also to improve the stuck-at fault coverage and to reduce the execution time of commercial gate-level ATPGs.
A cytological and cytochemical approach to an understanding of radiation damage in dividing cells.

Much effort has gone into the investigation of fundamental factors influencing radiation sensitivity of cells. In spite of this, we actually understand very little of the mechanism controlling the sensitivity or resistance of the cell to radiation damage. It is well known that the stage of cell division is of considerable importance in determining sensitivity but there is considerable disagreement concerning the exact stages of high and low sensitivity as determined by various investigators. Even in those cases where little doubt exists about the sensitivity of a stage of the nuclear cycle there is very little information concerning the biochemical or cytochemical factors responsible for a given degree of sensitivity or resistance (Sparrow, 1944, 1951). The present paper has combined cytochemical analysis of the normal nucleus with a study of cytological damage induced therein by X radiation. A brief discussion of various factors considered of significance in the determination of radiosensitivity will als.
On the computation of a table of complex cubic fields with discriminant D>-10^6

A method for finding all the nonisomorphic complex cubic fields with discriminant D > -106 is described. Three different methods were used to find the class number of each of these fields. The speed of these techniques is discussed and several tables illustrating the computational results are presented. These include tables of the distribution of the fields and the class numbers and the class group structures of these fields.
Large majority of single‐nucleotide mutations along the dystrophin gene can be explained by more than one mechanism of mutagenesis

The present study reports for the first time on the analysis of the possible origin of single‐base mutations along the highly mutable human dystrophin gene. Seventy‐two mutations were considered and analyzed for consistency with the “slipped‐mispairing” and “hypermutable CpG” models of mutagenesis. Moreover, repeated and symmetric elements, which could participate in the formation of secondary structures, were searched in each stretch of sequence including a given mutant base. Unexpectedly, the frequency of CpG mutations was found less than reported for other genes, whereas the frequency of transitions was found to be much higher than expected. Base substitutions in CpG dinucleotides that could be explained by methylation‐mediated deamination were all C→T transitions. No G→A transitions in CpG dinucleotides were found. A sequence motif, which has been shown to act as an arrest site for polymerase α, occurred associated with < 50% of single‐base mutations. All the mutations but one can be explained by at least two mechanisms of mutagenesis. This would mean that mutation could occur with higher probability at a given position, when it might be produced independently by different mechanisms. According to the present data, direct or inverted repeats seem to play a major role in this context. Therefore, the search for repeats along the dystrophin gene might help in identifying potential sites of mutation. Hum. Mutat. 9:537–547, 1997. © 1997, Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Towards self-adaptation for cyber-physical systems using a distributed MAPE-K schema over XMPP

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) may fail during runtime on supporting decision making if they are not capable of detecting and correcting their own failures. Thus, it has been proposed that CPSs should be self-aware, context-aware and goal-aware. In this paper we present preliminary results about how an architecture built over the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) may implement a distributed MAPE-K schema in order to support the implementation of the self-adaptation capability in CPSs. We present a basic example where failures on Things are simulated in order to test the self-adaptation capability.
Classification of main meal patterns – a latent class approach

Relatively little examination of the meals that are prepared in households has been conducted, despite their well-defined properties and widespread community interest in their preparation. The purpose of the present study was to identify the patterns of main meal preparation among Australian adult household meal preparers aged 44 years and younger and 45 years and over, and the relationships between these patterns and likely socio-demographic and psychological predictors. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted by Meat and Livestock Australia among a representative sample of people aged 18–65 years in Australia in 2011. A total of 1076 usable questionnaires were obtained, which included categorical information about the main meal dishes that participants had prepared during the previous 6 months along with demographic information, the presence or absence of children at home, confidence in seasonal food knowledge and personal values. Latent class analysis was applied and four types of usage patterns of thirty-three popular dishes were identified for both age groups, namely, high variety, moderate variety, high protein but low beef and low variety. The meal patterns were associated differentially with the covariates between the age groups. For example, younger women were more likely to prepare a high or moderate variety of meals than younger men, while younger people who had higher levels of education were more likely to prepare high-protein but low-beef meals. Moreover, young respondents with higher BMI were less likely to prepare meals with high protein but low beef content. Among the older age group, married people were more likely to prepare a high or moderate variety of meals than people without partners. Older people who held strong universalist values were more likely to prepare a wide variety of meals with high protein but low beef content. For both age groups, people who had children living at home and those with better seasonal food knowledge were more likely to prepare a high variety of dishes. The identification of classes of meal users would enable health communication to be tailored to improve meal patterns. Moreover, the concept of meals may be useful for health promotion, because people may find it easier to change their consumption of meals rather than individual foods.
Prognostic impact of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic invasion (CD105 expression) in small cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Lymphangiogenesis, an essential process in the metastasis of malignant tumors, has not been thoroughly studied. The possibility of using it to define subsets of patients with different prognosis in cancer could be of vital clinical importance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients (5 women, 45 men; mean age, 64.47 years) with SCLC were retrospectively studied. Tumor specimens were stained for CD105, and intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density (ILMVD) and lymphatic invasion were determined. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with limited and 25 with extensive SCLC. All patients received chemotherapy and 32.7% radiation therapy. A direct association between ILMVD (CD105 expression) and lymphatic invasion was observed (p<0.046). CD105 expression was significantly associated with the stage of the disease (p=0.004) and the presence of metastasis (p=0.05). CONCLUSION CD105 expression and lymphatic invasion correlated significantly with the clinical parameters and patient outcome, therefore, constituting an important prognostic role in SCLC.
Assessments of Motor Abnormalities on the Grid-Walking and Foot-Fault Tests From Undernutrition in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT. This study was designed to verify whether different lactation conditions influenced nervous system development. The authors used motor tasks to verify changes in exploratory activity and muscle strength of weaned rats from different litter sizes and evaluated the applicability of the grid-walking test for assessing motor abnormalities caused by undernutrition. Alterations in litter size during the suckling period perturbed the nutritional status of pups, which exhibited body weight differences between the groups. Large-litter (L) pups showed significant delays in achieving developmental milestones and neurological reflexes compared to the small-litter (S) and medium-litter (M) pups. The S, M, and L group pups exhibited similar exploratory responses and muscle strength. In the grid-walking and foot-fault tests, the L group pups traveled shorter distances and, consequently, had less footsteps. However, the percentages of foot faults in the L group were higher than S and M groups. These results reflect delayed maturation of structures responsible for sensorimotor responses, such as the cerebellum, because much cerebellar maturation takes place postnatally. This is the first study to report that early undernutrition in pups resulted in suboptimal performances on the grid-walking and foot-fault tests and that the former test was sensitive to alterations caused by nutritional deficiency.
Lentiviral vectors: excellent tools for experimental gene transfer and promising candidates for gene therapy

Lentiviral vectors are tools for gene transfer derived from lentiviruses. From their first application to now they have been strongly developed in design, in biosafety and in their ability of transgene expression into target cells. Primate and non‒primate derived lentiviral vectors are now available and with both types of systems a lot of studies tuned to improve their performances in a large number of tissues are ongoing. Here we review the state of the art of lentiviral vector systems discussing their potential for gene therapy. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of semantic content of verbal categories in categorical perception: An ERP study

There is growing evidence that perception is cognitively penetrable (e.g., Lupyan, 2012). Specifically, concerning the relation between language and perception, categorical perception (CP) describes the phenomenon that two stimuli are discriminated faster when they belong to different linguistic categories than when they belong to the same linguistic category. Several studies have demonstrated CP effects for colors that were lateralized to the right visual field (VF; e.g., Gilbert, Regier, Kay, & Ivry, 2006; Winawer et al., 2007), but there is also evidence against the lateralization of CP (Witzel & Gegenfurtner, 2011), and CP has been demonstrated in non­lateralized designs (e.g., Thierry, Athanasopoulos, Wiggett, Dering, & Kuipers, 2009). One issue that still awaits systematic investigation is the specific influence of semantic contents of verbal categories on CP. It is unclear to which extent CP depends on the semantic knowledge that is typically associated with verbal categories. We tackled this issue with a learning paradigm in which initially unfamiliar, yet realistic object stimuli were associated with either bare labels lacking explicit semantic content or labels that were accompanied by additional information as to their specific meaning. We used event­related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate the effects of such bare and semantically enriched verbal labels on categorical perception in an oddball­task (e.g., Clifford et al., 2012; Mo, Xu, Kay, & Tan, 2011). Perceptual effects were expected to be reflected in ERP components associated with visual perception (P1, N1), and these effects should be enhanced if the semantic content of verbal categories has an influence on CP.