Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) Guidelines 2016 for the Clinical Practice of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer (Translated Version)

Hereditary colorectal cancer accounts for less than 5% of all colorectal cancer cases. Some of the unique characteristics that are commonly encountered in cases of hereditary colorectal cancer include early age at onset, synchronous/metachronous occurrence of the cancer, and association with multiple cancers in other organs, necessitating different management from sporadic colorectal cancer. While the diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis might be easy because usually 100 or more adenomas that develop in the colonic mucosa are in this condition, Lynch syndrome, which is the most commonly associated disease with hereditary colorectal cancer, is often missed in daily medical practice because of its relatively poorly defined clinical characteristics. In addition, the disease concept and diagnostic criteria for Lynch syndrome, which was once called hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer, have changed over time with continual research, thereby possibly creating confusion in clinical practice. Under these circumstances, the JSCCR Guideline Committee has developed the “JSCCR Guidelines 2016 for the Clinical Practice of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer (HCRC)," to allow delivery of appropriate medical care in daily practice to patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome, or other related diseases. The JSCCR Guidelines 2016 for HCRC were prepared by consensus reached among members of the JSCCR Guideline Committee, based on a careful review of the evidence retrieved from literature searches, and considering the medical health insurance system and actual clinical practice settings in Japan. Herein, we present the English version of the JSCCR Guidelines 2016 for HCRC.
Prospective study on effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background and objective: The Helicobacter pylori infections role in etiology of peptic ulcer is well known, but its role in gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the important issues which has to be confirmed. We tried to find out the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastroesophageal reflux disease. Methods: The current study was done on 100 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease from January 1st to June 30th, 2014 in Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil city. The diagnosis was made by history, clinical examination, and endoscopy. Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed by gastric biopsy and histopathological examination. We tried to find out the effects of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients and its eradication on their symptoms. The data was analyzed with the statistical package for the social sciences (version 18). Results: The mean age ± SD of participants was 37.13 ± 12.5 (17-75 years). The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 75%. The endoscopy showed that 50 out of 75 patients had erosive esophagitis and 25 out of 75 patients had normal appearance known as non-erosive esophagitis. The study showed no significance of its eradication on symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Conclusion: The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients was significant regarding endoscopic finding while inversely related to symptoms severity. The eradication of infection did not cause improvement in symptom severity i.e. triple therapy not advised in the course of treatment.
Occult papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with cervical neck lymph node metastasis

Papillary thyroid cancer accounts for most cases of thyroid cancer. Although the prognosis is usually good, it often causes cervical neck lymph node metastasis. Cervical neck lymph node metastases have been reported even in the absence of a primary tumor in the thyroid glands, and these cases are referred to as occult thyroid cancer (OTC). The McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine defines OTC as “unknown primary malignancy that is symptomless, which first manifests itself as metastases or secondary-paraneoplastic phenomena” [1]. Although the frequency of OTC has decreased owing to developments in cervical ultrasonography and improved accuracy of histological tests [2], rare cases are still reported. Due to the decreased frequency of OTC, a benign cervical neck lymph node mass is sometimes diagnosed, which can result in delays to more accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment. Therefore, we report a case of OTC identified in a 74year-old male patient.
The effect of tidal interactions on hot subdwarf B stars and their pulsations

Hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars are evolved core He-burning stars. The sdBs are formed by binary interactions on the red giant branch (RGB) which cause the stars to lose most of their H envelopes. Over half of all observed hot subdwarf B stars are found in binaries, many of which are found in close configurations with orbital periods of 10d or less. These short period systems are formed by common envelope evolution. In order to estimate the companion masses in these predominantly single-lined systems, tidal locking has frequently been assumed for sdB binaries with periods less than half a day. Observed non-synchronicity of a number of close sdB binaries challenges that assumption and hence provides an ideal testbed for tidal theory. The stars have convective cores and radiative envelopes. Tidal dissipation in such systems is not particularly well understood. We solve the second-order differential equations for detailed 1D stellar models of sdB stars to obtain the tidal dissipation strength and hence to estimate the tidal synchronization time-scale owing to Zahn’s dynamical tide and the equilibrium tide. The results indicate synchronization time-scales longer than the sdB lifetime in all observed cases using standard input physics. Asteroseismological analysis of NY Vir suggests that at least the outer 55 per cent of the star (in radius) rotates as a solid body and is tidally synchronized to the orbit. Detailed calculation of tidal dissipation rates in NY Vir fails to account for this synchronization. Recent observations of He core burning stars suggest that the extent of the convective core may be substantially larger than that predicted with theoretical models. We conduct a parametric investigation of sdB models generated with the Cambridge STARS code to artificially extend the radial extent of the convective core. These models with extended cores still fail to account for the synchronization. Tidal synchronization may be achievable with a non-MLT treatment of convection. Several sdB stars have been both predicted and observed to pulsate with multiple frequencies. Asteroseismological analysis of the observed pulsations shows that they do not quite fit with the theoretical models, especially in the close binary systems. We present a method for computing tidal distortion and associated frequency shifts. Validation is by application to polytropes and comparison with previous work. For typical sdB stars, a tidal distortion of less than 1% is obtained for orbital periods greater than 0.1 d. Application to numerical helium
A Time- and Cost-Effective Method for Entropic Coefficient Determination of a Large Commercial Battery Cell

The entropic coefficient of a lithium-ion battery cell is used to calculate the reversible heat of a battery during operation, which is a nonnegligible part of the battery thermal modeling. The contribution of this article is to propose a novel method to establish the entropic coefficient profile of a 26-Ah commercial pouch cell and compare the results with those obtained from the traditional potentiometric and calorimetric methods, and all are found to be in a good agreement. The originality of this article is to use a method, which consists of supplying a square pulse current waveform at a certain frequency, and thus, the resulting heat variation could be successfully linked to the input current using Fourier analysis. The current magnitudes used were 1 and 1.5 C, which are representative of the normal operation current in an electrified vehicle application. The method proposed is found to be cost efficient with a short experiment time and simple experiment setup. In fact, it can be used to characterize cells that are already mounted in a pack without access to a climate chamber or calorimeter.
Ctcf haploinsufficiency mediates intron retention in a tissue-specific manner

CTCF is a master regulator of gene transcription and chromatin organization with occupancy at thousands of DNA target sites. CTCF is essential for embryonic development and somatic cell viability and has been characterized as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Increasing evidence demonstrates CTCF as a key player in several alternative splicing (AS) regulatory mechanisms, including transcription elongation, regulation of splicing factors, and epigenetic regulation. However, the genome-wide impact of Ctcf dosage on AS has not been investigated. We examined the effect of Ctcf haploinsufficiency on gene expression and AS in multiple tissues from Ctcf hemizygous (Ctcf+/-) mice. Distinct tissue-specific differences in gene expression and AS were observed in Ctcf+/- mice compared to wildtype mice. We observed a surprisingly large number of increased intron retention (IR) events in Ctcf+/- liver and kidney, specifically in genes associated with cytoskeletal organization, splicing and metabolism. This study provides further evidence for Ctcf dose-dependent and tissue-specific regulation of gene expression and AS. Our data provide a strong foundation for elucidating the mechanistic role of CTCF in AS regulation and its biological consequences.
Role of Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms on Breast Cancer Treatment

Pharmacogenetics is one of the key factors that is responsible for biological signaling variations that can lead to various diseases. Being led by genetic mutations, breast cancer is affected at higher level due to pharmacogenetic variations. Chemotherapeutic drug is mainly bio transformed in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme. CY450 isoforms and polymorphisms direct inter individual and interethnic variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. This further leads to alteration in cancer prognosis. This paper discusses clinically used drugs in breast cancer treatment where interethnic differences in drug safety and efficacy are known to exist. Best known anticancer drug for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is Tamoxifen and its efficacy depends predominantly on genetic variants of CYP2D6. Other polymorphisms of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and sulfotransferase1A1 (SULT1A1) also provide important information about mechanism of tamoxifen activity and resistance. Many chemotherapeutics like anthracyclines have also showed association with polymorphism of genes (CBR3, ABCB1, glutathione-related transporter genes, oxidative stress-related genes) and clinical outcomes. Many chemotherapeutic drug including taxanes, gemcitabine, capecitabine/5-fluorouracil, vinorelbine, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide are being studies for the association of genetic variations with their bioactivity.
Hilirisasi Kelapa Sawit: Kinerja, Kendala, dan Prospek

Palm oil is one of the main commodities in Indonesia’s economy as it plays an important role in export market of the non-oil and gas sector. Palm oil industry at farm level deals with lack of replanting, low yield, low quality, and undeveloped downstream industry. Indonesia is relatively potential to develop the palm oil downstream industry given the existing market. Global palm oil demand keeps increasing despite negative campaigns against crude palm oil (CPO) and its derivative products. Land availability, labor supply and cultivation technology are supportive. This paper discusses and evaluates national palm oil performance, especially opportunities and challenges in creating value added to this industry. There are four main challenges, i.e. limited infrastructure and financing, lack of access to local authorities, land use conflict, and environment pressure. The government needs to implement policy priority on palm oil downstream industry which is more competitive, integrated, and sustainable. Abstrak Komoditas kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan perekonomian nasional dan sebagai penghasil devisa negara terbesar di sektor nonmigas. Permasalahan yang dihadapi industri kelapa sawit pada tingkat usaha tani adalah terbatasnya investasi untuk peremajaan, rendahnya produktivitas dan kualitas hasil, dan belum berkembungnya industri hilir secara maksimal sehingga produk-produk turunan kelapa sawit masih terbatas. Sementara itu, Indonesia masih memiliki potensi yang besar untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah melalui industri pengolahan turunan kelapa sawit jika dilihat dari sisi permintaan pasar maupun penawarannya. Dari sisi permintaan, permintaan kelapa sawit global terus meningkat walalupun dalam kondisi adanya kampanye negatif (black campaign) terhadap produk minyak sawit atau CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dan produk-produk turunannya. Dari sisi penawaran, ketersediaan lahan, tenaga kerja dan teknologi budi daya sangat menudukung. Tulisan ini membahas dan mengevaluasi kinerja industri sawit nasional, khususnya bagaimana peluang dan kendala penciptaan nilai tambah industri sawit. Tulisan ini menekankan empat kendala utama dalam pemanfaatan peluang tersebut, yaitu keterbatasan infrastruktur dan sumber pendanaan, akses otonomi daerah, konflik lahan, dan tekanan isu lingkungan. Dalam hal ini, pemerintah dituntut untuk dapat menerapkan berbagai kebijakan yang memprioritaskan pada hilirisasi kelapa sawit dengan pendekatan klaster/kawasan guna membangun struktur industri kelapa sawit yang berdaya saing, terpadu dan berkelanjutan.
A Data-Driven Approach to Linearize Power Flow Equations Considering Measurement Noise

The nonlinearity of power flow (PF) equations challenges the analysis and optimization of power systems. Both model-based and data-driven approach was recently applied to linearize the PF equations. The data-driven approach relies heavily on the quality of the measurement data, where measurement noise may cause large modeling errors. This paper tackles the challenges of the hidden measurement noise in the data-driven PF linearization problem. We transform the problem into a regression model where the structure of the AC power flow equations is exploited. Jacobian matrix guided constraints are added to shrink the search space greatly. This regression model is formulated as three linearly constrained quadratic programming problems and is solved in an iterative manner. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through case studies on several IEEE standard test systems and a practical provincial system.
Kidney disease induced by high fructose intake

Fructose intake is advised to regulate serum glucose concentration and diabetes. However, high intake of fructose has been shown to be associated with the outbreak of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia and also non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, it seems to elevate the risk of gout and hence kidney stones. In this regard, the mechanism of fructose on the induction of chronic kidney disease is ascribed to its role in hypertension and diabetes. With respect to the contradictory reports of fructose intake on diabetes, the aim of this review is to explain this inconsistence and its effect on induction of renal disease.
Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Koi herpes virus disease (KHV)

Abstract Koi herpes virus (KHV) disease has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of KHV disease to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of KHV disease according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to KHV disease. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, it is inconclusive whether KHV disease can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL because there was no full consensus on the criterion 5 A(v). Consequently, the assessment on compliance of KHV disease with the criteria as in Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in Article 9(1) is also inconclusive, as well as which animal species can be considered to be listed for KHV disease according to Article 8(3) of the AHL.
Comparing Patient Engagement and Patient Advocacy Activities and Measuring Preferred Roles in Medical Decision Making among Cystic Fibrosis Patients, Caregivers, Family Members and Patient Advocates

Background: Patient engagement has become a priority for healthcare organizations, yet remains inconsistently defined. Patient engagement has also become a priority for healthcare providers. Current discourse suggests that patients today desire more control over medical decision making than ever before, and that the proliferation of online health information is empowering patients to make autonomous medical decisions. Yet, prior research indicates that patients typically prefer to share decisions with their physician, raising questions about what patient engagement is and whether preferences have changed over time. Methods: This study addresses multiple research questions using three phases of data collection. Phase one asked: how are ‘patient engagement’ and ‘patient advocacy’ defined and perceived by individuals who are involved in engagement and advocacy activities? This question was addressed by conducting semi-structured key informant interviews (N=11). Phases two and three examined preferred roles in medical decision making among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, caregivers, family members and patient advocates, and whether these roles were related to: trust in the physician, self-assessed health information literacy and demographics.
Acute Stress Reduces Reward-Related Neural Activity: Evidence from the Reward Positivity

Stress and blunted reward processing are risk factors for mood disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The experience of acute stress reduces fMRI correlates of reward-related neural activity; however, few studies have examined how acute stress impacts measures of reward derived from event-related potentials (ERPs). The current study examined the impact of an acute stressor on the Reward Positivity (RewP), an ERP that indexes reward sensitivity, in twenty-seven college students. Participants completed a monetary reward task while they placed their left hand in cold water set at 13 degrees Celsius (i.e., acute stress condition) and again while their hand was placed in room temperature water (i.e., control condition). These conditions were separated by one week and performed in a counter-balanced order across participants. The results revealed that the RewP amplitude was blunted in the acute stress condition compared to the control condition. Moreover, there was a trend toward this effect interacting with self-reported depressive symptoms: the RewP was only reduced among individuals who reported low depressive symptoms. The current study suggests that an acute stressor reduces the RewP, and that this effect might be moderated by current depressive symptoms. Future studies might examine the temporal association between reward processing and stress —and how they interact to predict depressive symptoms.
Why do adolescents visit psychiatric outpatient department

More and more adolescents are seeking psychiatric help. In U.S. today, one in ten children(10-19 yrs) suffer from mental disorders leading to impairment. Psychiatric morbidity among adolescents in other countries has been reported between 10-40%. There are not many Indian studies describing statistics on this. The present study was conducted to evaluate sociodemographic and diagnostic profile of adolescents retrospectively attending the psychiatric outpatient department of a government run tertiary care hospital as well as to study stressors reported by them at the time of evaluation. Adolescent patients between 13 to 19 yrs were included in the study. Data was obtained from the outpatient department (OPD) case papers of these patients during the course of 1year. In our study, there were 516 adolescent patients attending psychiatry OPD with 328 patients being females and 188 males. More number of females were married as compared to males. 65.11% patients were students while 48.64% patients were secondary school educated. Conversion disorder was the commonest diagnosis. Psychotic disorders were second commonest diagnosis followed by depression and anxiety disorders. Exam related stress was the commonest stressors observed, followed by interpersonal stress and family conflict. Early diagnosis and treatment would definitely help in timely intervention which would thus improve the quality of life of adolescent patients. Identifying risk factors in the form of stressors would help in primary and secondary prevention. Keywords: Adolescent, Psychiatric, Mental health
Development of a Reduced Complexity Plant Canopy Physics Surrogate Model for use in Chemical Transport Models: A Case Study with GEOS-Chem v12.3.0

Biosphere–atmosphere interactions strongly influence the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Simulating these interactions at a detailed process-based level has traditionally been computationally intensive and resource prohibitive, commonly due to complexities in calculating radiation and light at the leaf level within plant canopies. Here we describe a surrogate canopy physics model based on the MEGAN3 detailed canopy model parameterized using a statistical learning technique. This surrogate canopy model is specifically designed to rapidly calculate leaf-level temperature and photosynthetically active radiative (PAR) for use in large-scale chemical transport models (CTMs). Our surrogate model can reproduce the dominant spatiotemporal variability of the more detailed MEGAN3 canopy model to within 10 % across the globe. Implementation of this surrogate model into the GEOS-Chem CTM leads to small local changes in ozone dry deposition velocities of less than 5 % and larger local changes in isoprene emissions of up to ∼ 40 %, though annual global isoprene emissions remain largely consistent (within 5 %). These changes to surface– atmosphere exchange lead to small changes in surface ozone concentrations of ±1 ppbv, modestly reducing the northern hemispheric ozone bias, which is common to many CTMs, here from 8 to 7 ppbv. The use of this computationally efficient surrogate canopy model drives emissions of isoprene and concentrations of surface ozone closer to observationally constrained values. Additionally, this surrogate model allows for the further development and implementation of leaf-level emission factors in the calculation of biogenic emissions in the GEOS-Chem CTM. Though not the focus of this work, this ultimately enables a complete implementation of the MEGAN3 emissions framework within GEOS-Chem, which produces 570 Tg yr−1 of isoprene for 2012.