Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No Access, No Use, No Impact

Abstract There is general agreement that computing technologies have not had a significant impact on teaching and learning in K–12 in the U.S., even though billions of dollars have been spent in purchasing, equipping, and supporting the technology. Some critics of school technology use this situation to push their position that technology is not appropriate for children. Others put the failure on the backs of classroom teachers. However, based on the data we collected administering the Snapshot Survey in districts large and small around the country to approximately 4,000 K–12 classroom teachers, the reason that technology has not had an impact on teaching and learning is that students have, for all intents and purposes, not actually used the technology. Furthermore, the reason for this non-use lies not at the feet of the teachers, but rather in the very real lack of access to the technology. Having one computer in the classroom is not access, nor will it lead to significant student use. Frankly, technology can’t have an impact if children have not had the opportunity to access and use the technology.
Long-scale evolution of thin liquid films

Macroscopic thin liquid films are entities that are important in biophysics, physics, and engineering, as well as in natural settings. They can be composed of common liquids such as water or oil, rheologically complex materials such as polymers solutions or melts, or complex mixtures of phases or components. When the films are subjected to the action of various mechanical, thermal, or structural factors, they display interesting dynamic phenomena such as wave propagation, wave steepening, and development of chaotic responses. Such films can display rupture phenomena creating holes, spreading of fronts, and the development of fingers. In this review a unified mathematical theory is presented that takes advantage of the disparity of the length scales and is based on the asymptotic procedure of reduction of the full set of governing equations and boundary conditions to a simplified, highly nonlinear, evolution equation or to a set of equations. As a result of this long-wave theory, a mathematical system is obtained that does not have the mathematical complexity of the original free-boundary problem but does preserve many of the important features of its physics. The basics of the long-wave theory are explained. If, in addition, the Reynolds number of the flow is notmore » too large, the analogy with Reynolds{close_quote}s theory of lubrication can be drawn. A general nonlinear evolution equation or equations are then derived and various particular cases are considered. Each case contains a discussion of the linear stability properties of the base-state solutions and of the nonlinear spatiotemporal evolution of the interface (and other scalar variables, such as temperature or solute concentration). The cases reducing to a single highly nonlinear evolution equation are first examined. (Abstract Truncated)« less
Multidisciplinary care for Parkinson's disease: not if, but how!

Increasingly, many centres around the world are delivering multidisciplinary care for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). 1 2 Indeed, a multidisciplinary team approach currently seems inevitable for anyone who understands even a little about PD. After all, this really is a wretched disorder, with a complex and diverse phenotype. Patients become progressively incapacitated, not only because of the well known motor symptoms (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, gait impairment and postural instability), but also because of a wide variety of non-motor symptoms. These include neuropsychiatric disorders (cognitive disturbances, hallucinations, psychosis), sleep disorders (insomnia, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, periodic leg movements), autonomic dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, constipation, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction) and pain from various sources (eg, central pain, painful off period dystonia). Not surprisingly, PD is regarded by patients as one of the most unbearable disorders around, ranked second on the respective lists for both motor and cognitive disorders.3 Perhaps even more telling is the fact that many immediate caregivers are on the brink of succumbing to the pressure of living with someone with PD.4–6 Moreover, conventional therapies—drug treatment and stereotactic deep brain surgery—offer only partial and temporary relief, particularly in more advanced disease.7 Against this background, any neurologist who still feels that a single discipline suffices to combat this debilitating disease must seem almost heartless, or at least a bit naive. And any potential critics should be consoled by the fact that multidisciplinary care has already won its spurs in other areas of neurology—for example, stroke units.8 Luckily for PD patients, help is on the way. Evidence is growing to support the effectiveness of various allied health disciplines. Thus far, the case is strongest for specific physiotherapy techniques, such as cueing.9 But there are also practice based guidelines—from accumulating research evidence, or sometimes merely expert …
Corrigenda for ‘Connected limits, familial representability and Artin glueing’

Since the publication of the paper Carboni and Johnstone (1995), we have become aware of two independent errors in it. Although neither of them has any effect on the main results of the paper, concerning when a category obtained by Artin glueing is a topos, we feel it is appropriate to publish this correction in the hope that it may prevent future readers of Carboni and Johnstone (1995) from being misled. We are grateful to Tom Leinster and to Marek Zawadowski for drawing our attention to the two errors.
The Self-Expansiveness Level Form: Examination of its Validity and Relation to the Neo Personality Inventory—Revised

This study examined the validity of the Self-expansiveness Level Form of Friedman with particular emphasis on the Transpersonal subscale, a measure of transpersonal self-concept, in terms of its basic psychometric properties and its relation to the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised. Support for the basic psychometric properties of the scale in terms of reliability, factorial validity, and concurrent validity was obtained; however, support was limited for convergent validity as correlations between scores on the Transpersonal subscale and measures of theoretically related constructs were low. Correlational analyses involving the Self-expansiveness Level Form and NEO Personality Inventory–Revised indicated that Transpersonal scores were not appreciably associated with the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised domains. Moreover, factor analysis of NEO Personality Inventory–Revised facets and Self-expansiveness Level Form items generated a solution in which the two measures contributed to separate factors. Discussion of the implications and limitations of the findings is included.
Artificial Neural Network Model for Rainfall-Runoff -A Case Study

Soft computing models like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been widely used to model complex hydrological processes, such as rainfall-runoff and have been reported to be one of the promising tools in hydrology. In this paper, the influences of back propagation algorithm and their efficiencies which affect the input dimensions on rainfall runoff model have been demonstrated. The capability of the Artificial Neural Network with different input dimensions have been attempted and demonstrated with a case study on Sarada River Basin. The developed ANN models were able to map relationship between input and output data sets used. The developed model on rainfall and runoff pattern have been calibrated and validated. The significant input variables for training of ANN models were selected based on statistical parameters viz. cross-correlation, autocorrelation, and partial autocorrelation function. Various combinations were attempted and six combinations were selected based on the statistics of these functions. It was found those models considering rainfall lag rainfall and lag discharge as inputs were performing better than those considering rainfall alone. It was found that the neural network model developed is performing well. It can be inferred from the developed model, Neural Network model was able to predict runoff from rain fall data fairly well for a small semi-arid catchment area considered in the present study.
The correlation between the phenolic composition and biological activities of two varieties of Brazilian propolis (G6 and G12)

Biological assays that have been performed on different types of Brazilian propolis have shown that type 6 propolis (G6) has a strong antimicrobial activity and a low flavonoid content. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the phenolic composition and the biological activities displayed by propolis G6 from the state of Bahia and green propolis, also known as type 12 (G12). The values of the flavonoids and the total phenolics in propolis G6 were different than those in propolis G12. Although the G12 variety presented greater antioxidant activity, propolis G6 proved to have greater antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The results showed that the phenolic compounds may not be the only compounds responsible for the biological activity. More detailed studies of the chemical composition and an assessment of the biological activity are required to establish the quality of propolis.
Strong resemblance in the amplitude of oscillatory brain activity in monozygotic twins is not caused by “trivial” similarities in the composition of the skull

Previous twin studies have shown strong heritability of electroencephalogram amplitude characteristics, such as power spectra. However, it has been suggested that these high heritabilities may reflect “trivial” twin resemblance in intervening tissues such as the skull. Here we demonstrate strong monozygotic twin correlation (0.79 < r < 0.88) of eyes‐closed resting‐state magnetoencephalogram power, which is insensitive to intervening tissues. These results confirm that brain activity itself is highly heritable. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why do people lose their friends after a stroke?

BACKGROUND It is well-known that people lose friends after a stroke; what is less well understood is why this occurs. AIMS This study explored why people lose contact with their friends, and whether there are any protective factors. It also examined how friendship loss and change is perceived by the individual. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Participants with a first stroke were recruited from one acute stroke unit in the UK. In-depth qualitative interviews took place between 8 and 15 months post stroke. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS 29 participants were recruited of whom 10 had aphasia. The main reasons given for losing friends were: loss of shared activities, reduced energy levels, physical disability, aphasia, unhelpful responses of others, environmental barriers, and changing social desires. The subset of participants who experienced the most extensive loss of friends were those who described a sense that they were 'closing in' on themselves leading to a withdrawal from social contact and a new preference for meeting only close friends and family. Those with aphasia experienced the most hurtful negative responses from others and found it more difficult to retain their friends unless they had strong supportive friendship patterns prior to the stroke. The factors which helped to protect friendships included: having a shared history, friends who showed concern, who lived locally, where the friendship was not activity-based, and where the participant had a 'friends-based' social network prior to the stroke. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Given the link between depression and loss of friends post stroke, supporting an individual in maintaining a social network is likely to be beneficial. For intervention to be effective, however, it may need to take into account not only the impact of new physical and language disabilities, but also changing social desires.
ENTREPRENEURIAL EXIT AND FIRM PERFORMANCE

This article explores the topic of entrepreneurial exit by bringing together two perspectives and units of analysis: the business owner and the firm. We use standard binomial and multinomial logistic specifications to investigate i) the factors influencing individuals’ selection out of business ownership; ii) the modes of that exit, i.e. sell-off or firm discontinuance and iii) the relation between exit and firm performance. A typology is put forward which discriminates between four types of entrepreneurial exit: ‘entrepreneurial failure’; ‘divestment choice’; ‘managerial turnover’ and ‘planned exit strategy’. Results highlight different owner human-capital, demographic traits and firm-level characteristics between selloffs and closures. Evidence shows that some businesses can be considered successful at closure, thus telling apart the concepts of failure and exit.
The Political Lessons of Depression-Era Banking Reform *

The banking legislation of the 1930s took very little time to pass, was unusually comprehensive, and unusually responsive to public opinion. Ironically, the primary motivations for the main bank regulatory reforms in the 1930s (Regulation Q, the separation of investment banking from commercial banking, and the creation of federal deposit insurance) were to preserve and enhance two of the most disastrous policies that contributed to the severity and depth of the Great Depression--unit banking and the real bills doctrine. Other regulatory changes, affecting the allocation of power between the Federal Reserve System (Fed) and the Treasury, were intended to reduce the independence of the Fed, while giving the opposite impression. Banking reforms in the 1930s had significant negative consequences for the future of US banking, and took a long time to disappear. The overarching lesson is that the aftermath of crises are moments of high risk in public policy. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Access to Financing and the Organizational Structure of the Firm

This paper explores the impact of the organizational structure of a firm on its financing capacity. Unitary-form and multidivisional-form companies differ according to the distribution of tasks among managers. Within multidivisional firms, strategic decisions are taken by corporate headquarters while operational decisions are made by divisional managers. Conversely, within a unitary-form company, an entrepreneur takes both decisions. When moral hazard plagues the two kinds of decision-making, I show that the control corporate headquarters have over resources represents both a drawback and an advantage for multidivisional firms. Overall, when operational problems are severe enough relative to strategic problems, the unitary form dominates. Conversely, when strategic problems are prevailing, the multidivisional form is more efficient. These results drive empirical implications regarding the value of diversification, the extent of internal capital markets, and the developement of innovation.
RARE RENAL ANOMALIES DESCRIBED IN SECOND TRIMESTER FOETUSES USING POST MORTEM MRI CASE SERIES

The current study describes the renal anomalies of three second trimester fetuses using post-mortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging (pm-MRI). The results were compared with the conventional autopsy. This study demonstrates that without altering the integrity of the human body the pm-MRI using a 7 Tesla machine is a reliable option in describing congenital renal anomalies. Also it reinforces the idea that post mortem imagistic procedures may provide an important adjuvant to conventional autopsy in small gestational age fetuses. Rezumat: Anomalii renale rare descrise la feţi în al doilea trimestru, folosind post-mortem RMN serie de cazuri Studiul de faţă descrie anomaliile renale a trei feţi de trimestrul al doilea, folosind imagistica post mortem prin rezonanţă magnetică (pm-MRI). Rezultatele au fost comparate cu autopsia convenţională. Acest studiu demonstrează că utilizând un scanner de 7 Tesla, analizarea feţilor prin pm-MRI poate constitui o alternativă de încredere pentru descrierea anomaliilor renale congenitale, fără alterarea integrităţii corpului uman. De asemenea, întăreşte ideea că această metodă poate deveni un adjuvant important al autopsie convenţionale pentru evaluarea post mortem a feţilor cu vârstă gestaţională mică. Cuvinte cheie: rinichi potcoavă, autopsie fetale, rinichi micropolichistice, uretere în “tirbuşon”, prenatal
Country characteristics and the choice of the exchange rate regime: are mini-skirts followed by maxis?

We use a sample of 140 countries to study empirically how a country's characteristics are associated with its choice of an exchange rate regime. When countries are classified according to their current exchange rate arrangements, we observe that small countries with low diversification of exports are the most likely candidates to peg their exchange rates. Other country characteristics, such as the level of development, openness of the real or financial sector, geographical diversification of exports, and fluctuations in the terms of trade, have hardly any power to explain the choice of an exchange rate system. Somewhat surprisingly, it is developing countries which have moved towards more flexible exchange rate practices during the last ten years, while countries with well diversified exports have adopted more rigid exchange rate arrangements. The regression results predict that Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom should have floating exchange rates, while Israel, New Zealand and Switzerland should adopt a more rigid exchange rate regime. Finland should adopt a regime of limited flexibility (such as the EMS) rather than peg to a basket or float.
Differentially Fed Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna

A differentially fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is studied using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The fundamental TEm mode of the rectangular DRA is excited at 2.4 GHz, with a 10-dB differential impedance bandwidth (|Sdd11| < -10 dB) of ~ 10.4%. To verify the theory, measurements were carried out, and reasonable agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The effects of the magnitude and phase imbalances on the DRA impedance and radiation pattern are investigated.
Cachexia in malaria and heart failure: therapeutic considerations in clinical practice

Cachexia is an independent prognostic marker of survival in many chronic diseases including heart failure and malaria. Morbidity and mortality from malaria is high in most of the third world where it presents a very challenging public health problem. Malaria may present in the UK as fever in the returning traveller or as fever in overseas visitors. How and why cachexia develops in malaria in a manner similar to the cachexia of chronic heart failure and the treatment strategies that would alter outcomes in both diseases are discussed in this review.
Elevated cardiac troponin levels predict the risk of adverse outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

BACKGROUND Elevations of cardiac troponin T or I are predictive of adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, odds ratios (ORs) vary substantially between studies. This investigation refines these values by means of a meta-analysis. METHODS Twenty-one studies were suitable. ORs were calculated for short-term (30 days) and long-term (5 months to 3 years) follow-up in patients with ST-segment elevation (ST upward arrow), in those without ST-segment elevation (no ST upward arrow), and in patients with unstable angina. The primary end point was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. RESULTS A total of 18,982 patients were included. At 30 days, the OR for death or myocardial infarction was 3.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.94-4.03; P <. 00001) for patients with positive troponin. In the ST upward arrow group, troponin elevations carried a 2.86-fold (95% CI, 2.35-3.47; P <.0001) higher risk during short-term follow-up, which was maintained long term. The no-ST upward arrow patients with troponin elevations manifested a 4.93-fold (95% CI, 3.77-6.45; P <.0001) increase of adverse outcomes. The OR for patients with unstable angina and positive troponin was 9.39 (95% CI, 6.46-13.67; P <.0001). For cardiac death alone, the results were similar. CONCLUSIONS Patients with acute coronary syndromes who have troponin elevations show a substantial increase in risk during short and long-term follow-up.
Innovation capabilities and firm labor productivity

This study relies on a Cobb-Douglas production function to assess the relationship between the development of innovation capabilities by firms and their labor productivity. Intra-organizational capabilities relate to firms’ corporate culture and work organization, generation of innovative ideas and selection of projects, and innovation funding sources. Inter-organizational capabilities relate to the use of external information from vertical partners, competitors, and consultants, and to R&D partnerships with scientific institutions. In addition to the traditional effect of a growth in the ratio of physical capital per employee, both types of innovation capabilities are found to significantly increase labor productivity.
Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico with Cases of Recurrent Diarrhea between 2004 and 2010

ABSTRACT In 2004, more than 1,230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported in southern Sinaloa, a state in Northwestern Mexico. Recurrent sporadic cases arose from 2004 to 2010, spreading from the south to the north. In the present study, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in both environmental samples and clinical cases along the Pacific coast of Sinaloa during 2004 to 2010. An evaluation was made of the serotypes, distribution of virulence genes, and presence of pandemic O3:K6 strains. A total of 144 strains were isolated from environmental samples (from sediment, seawater, and shrimp), and 154 clinical strains were isolated. A total of 10 O serogroups and 30 serovars were identified in the strains. Environmental strains (n = 144) belonged to 10 O serogroups and 28 serovars, while clinical strains (n = 154) belonged to 8 O serogroups and 14 serovars. Ten serovars were shared by both environmental and clinical strains. Among 144 environmental isolates, 4.1% (6/144) belonged to the pandemic clone, with 83.3% containing the orf8 gene and with O3:K6 accounting for 67%. On the other hand, pathogenic strains (tdh and/or trh) accounted for 52% (75/144) of the environmental isolates. Interestingly, among 154 clinical isolates, 80.5% (124/154) were pandemic strains, with O3:K6 (tdh, toxRS new, and orf8) representing the predominant serovar (99.2%, 123/124). Overall, our results indicate that in spite of a high serodiversity and prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment, the pandemic strain O3:K6 caused >79% of reported cases between 2004 and 2010 in Sinaloa, Mexico.
The necessary and sufficient conditions of Hyers-Ulam stability for a class of parabolic equation

The aim of this paper is to consider the Hyers-Ulam stability of a class of parabolic equation { ∂u ∂t − a 2∆u+ b · ∇u+ cu = 0, (x, t) ∈ Rn × (0,+∞), u(x, 0) = φ(x), x ∈ Rn. We conclude that (i) it is Hyers-Ulam stable on any finite interval; (ii) if c 6= 0, it is Hyers-Ulam stable on the semi-infinite interval; (iii) if c = 0, it is not Hyers-Ulam stable on the semi-infinite interval by using Fourier transformation. Furthermore, our results can be applied to the mean square Hyers-Ulam stability of parabolic equations driven by an ndimensional Brownian motion. c ©2017 All rights reserved.