Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effet de l'extrusion de la féverole (Vicia faba) sur les flux intestinaux d'azote et d'amidon chez la vache laitière en production

: Four mature lactating Holstein cows fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were used to study the effect of extrusion at 195 degrees C of beans (Vicia faba cv Castel) on organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) and starch degradation in the rumen and their flow to and absorption from the small intestine. The test protein sources, raw beans (RB) and extruded beans (EB), provided about 45% of the dietary protein. The diets were composed of 23.1% beans, 56.2% corn silage, 10.1% corn grain and 10.7% Italian rye-grass hay on a DM basis; the diets were isocaloric (4.5 Mcal/kg of DM) and isonitrogenous (14% of DM). Cr-EDTA, YbCl3 and purines were used as liquid, particulate and bacterial markers respectively. Extruding the beans did not influence intraruminal pH (6.6), ammonia-N (99 mg/l) and volatile fatty acids (97 mM/l) concentrations. Apparent digestibility in total tract of energy, OM, N and starch were not affected with inclusion of EB instead of RB, the corresponding mean values were: 66, 68, 64 and 95% of intake. Apparent ruminal digestion of OM, starch and N in the forestomach were 39, 58 and 52% for diets containing RB and 38, 72 and 45% for EB diets; efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis (gN/kg organic matter truly digested in the stomach) was higher for EN diets compared with RN diets (25 vs 22). Eating diets including EB increased non-ammonia-N, bacterial-N and dietary-N flows (g/d) to the duodenum compared with diets containing RB: 409 vs 366, 216 vs 194 and 193 vs 172 respectively; while starch flow was reduced (1.5 vs 2.2 kg/d) and OM flow was unchanged (9.8 kg/d). Apparent digestion from the small intestine (g/d) of nonammonia-N, bacterial-N and dietary-N were higher for EB diets: 268 vs 229, 181 vs 160 and 87 vs 69 respectively; meanwhile, starch digestion decreased (975 vs 1,612). The PDIA, PDIN and PDIE contents (g/kg of DM) of the RB were 33, 175 and 127 respectively; the corresponding values after extrusion were: 58, 147 and 178.
Suplementação com cromo e desempenho reprodutivo de vacas zebu primíparas mantidas a pasto

One hundred and twenty six grazing primiparous Zebu cows were assigned to one of two treatments, supplemental chromium (Cr) (72 cows) and control (54 cows), in order to evaluate the effects of Cr supplementation on reproductive performance of cows. Chromium was supplemented as high-Cr yeast Sacharomices cerevisae added to mineral premix (0.017% Cr). Chromium had no effect on calf weight, whereas final weight of cows was higher for the supplemented group (428.5kg vs. 380.5kg). The percentage of detected estrus was higher for Cr supplemented group than for control group (98.6 vs. 88.7%) A tendency for higher pregnancy rate was showed by the Cr supplemented group (87.5% vs. 75.47%). The calving - first estrus interval of the Cr supplemented cows was lower than control cows (120.5 vs. 142.8 days). Supplementation of chromium had neither effect on service rate (1.57 vs. 1.69 doses of semen) nor on pregnancy (1.85 vs. 1.90 doses of semen).
Ultrastructure of the Host-Parasite Interface between Allomyces javanicus and Its Endoparasite Catenaria Allomycis

The interface between the endoparasitic fungus, Caienaria allomycis, and its aquatic fungal host, Allomyces javanicus, is described from a developmental, ultrastructural study. The wall of the parasite interfaces with the cytoplasm of the host. As the parasite develops, host organelles show a progressive sequence of preferential associations with the parasite. During the round cell and spindle cell stages of the parasite, host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proliferates and ensheathes the parasitic thallus. At later stages, host ER becomes organized into membranous labyrinths continuous with whorls of single cisternae, and host lipid globules cluster around the parasite. When parasitic sporangia are mature, the host cytoplasm begins to degenerate. Fragments of host ER cling to the surface of the parasite after most host membranes have vesiculated. The dynamic changes in the host-parasite interface are discussed in relationship to the obligate requirement of the parasite for nutrients supplied by the host.
Response of Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) to Competition and Hydroperiod in the Presence of the Invasive Coastal Plain Toad (Incilius nebulifer)

Abstract Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) was historically abundant and widespread in various habitats, including urban and agricultural areas, in southern Louisiana. Coincident with intense anthropogenic disturbance, the abundance of the Coastal Plain Toad (Incilius nebulifer) has increased significantly in degraded habitats. Subsequently, A. fowleri is found only in forested areas near permanent water bodies that are not preferred breeding habitat of I. nebulifer. We hypothesized that larval competition with I. nebulifer, a species that breeds in extremely ephemeral habitat commonly found in disturbed areas, contributed to A. fowleri's decline. We raised tadpoles in intra- and interspecific competition in artificial ponds under simulated permanent and temporary breeding habitat conditions. Competition with I. nebulifer tadpoles, but not pond drying, resulted in a decrease in body size measures and a lower rate of survival to metamorphosis for A. fowleri tadpoles. Incilius nebulifer tadpoles were slightly larger in drying than in permanent ponds and were larger and had a higher rate of survival to metamorphosis in interspecific tanks than in intraspecific tanks, suggesting that it is easier for I. nebulifer to outcompete other species than conspecifics. The Coastal Plain Toad's superior competitive ability in temporary breeding sites may have resulted in ecological displacement and is potentially contributing to a decline of regionally sympatric populations of Fowler's Toad in degraded landscapes.
Respiratory failure: Classification, Epidemiology and Etiology Review

Respiratory failure is a detailed syndrome of the respiratory system failing to perform the function of gas exchange, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide release. Acute respiratory failure is the most common cause of organ failure in intensive care units (ICUs) with high mortality rates. The classification can be reviewed from two categories of acute respiratory failure and chronic respiratory failure. Acute respiratory failure is often found with the failure of other vital organs. Death is caused by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Etiology can be seen in two categories, namely Central nervous system Depression, Impaired ventilation, Impaired equilibrium perfusion ventilation (V/Q Mismatch), Trauma, Pleural effusion, hemothorax, and pneumothorax, Acute pulmonary disease. Respiratory failure, like failure in other organ systems, can be identified based on clinical features or laboratory tests.
Shallot virus X: a hardly known pathogen of the genus Allium

Crops belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family are economically important and are widely cultivated around the globe. Viruses from the genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus y Allexivirus are the causal agents of some of the most problematic diseases of Amaryllidaceae . Shallot virus X (ShVX) is an Allexivirus that was first discovered in Russia in the nineties and it has since been described worldwide. The virus, which can be transmitted by the dry bulb mite ( Aceria tulipae ), affects virtually all members of the genus Allium and is a potential cause for the reduction in yields for these crops. Shallot virus X is a positive-sense single-stranded monopartite RNA virus that contains six open reading frames (ORFs). ORF4 codes for a protein of unknown function with a low percentage of identity with homologous genes from other viruses. The virus may be detected by serological or molecular methods. Management methods for crops infected by ShVX are not well described, furthermore, research involving the effects of the virus on Allium yields is scarce. A comprehensive understanding of the fisiological and molecular mechanisms used by the virus to infect his hosts will contribute to the development of methods for controling the pathogen in the field. This review explores the basic biology of ShVX, its distribution, transmision, morphology, and diagnosis.
Current trends in the modification of zinc-filled polymer coatings

Zinc-filled polymer coatings and primer formulations are among the most common and wellproven methods for long-term anticorrosive protection of critical metal structures and equipment. These coatings are successfully used both for the protection of internal surfaces of equipment and pipelines and for external protection. The main ways to modify zinc-filled coatings (ZFC) include modification of the zinc filler, modification of the polymer base, and the use of diverse active additives. Various methods of modifying the zinc filler are considered, including modification of the zinc alloy composition, surface modification of zinc particles, and the use of particles with various shapes and sizes – from nanoparticles to flake-shaped pigments. An analysis of the incorporation of various electrochemically active additives into ZFC, including nanoscale carbon-containing additives (carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide), as well as nanoparticles based on montmorillonite and layered double hydroxides, is performed. The experience in the incorporation of activators of zinc particles and selective modifiers and corrosion inhibitors along with conductive polymers as additives is considered. Approaches to the modification of the polymer base of ZFC are considered, taking into account their use in multi-layer coatings, including the combinations with layers of inert insulating coatings and water-borne polymers.
Memristor Overwrite Logic (MOL) for In-Memory DNN

In-memory computing is a promising solution to address the memory wall challenges in future processing systems. Substantial improvement in performance and energy efficiency is expected, in particular for data intensive applications. A typical use case is neural network applications, where large amount of data should be processed and moved between memory and processing cores. Although several recent works tried to accelerate processing through dedicated parallel hardware designs, data movement cost is still a critical technical challenge. In this context, we propose a novel programmable architecture design for in-memory deep neural networks (DNN) computation. Based on a new logic design style, namely Memristor Overwrite Logic (MOL), specialized computational memory is designed. The original architecture of the proposed computational memory allows to execute multiply-accumulate operations between stored words using MOL. Outstanding features are demonstrated with respect to other recent logic design styles based on emerging non-volatile memory technologies.
Definition and Application of Variable Resistance Coefficient for Wheeled Mobile Robots on Deformable Terrain

Resistance coefficient (RC) is an important measure when designing wheel-driving mechanisms and accurate dynamic models for real-time mobility control of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs). This measure is typically formulated as a constant that depends on the wheel load, wheel dimensions, and soil that the WMR is designed for. This article proposes a novel variable RC that responds to terrain deformation. This variable RC is then applied to controllers for WMRs that estimate driving torques and slip ratios on deformable terrain. Simple yet accurate models of RC are developed from both experimental results and theoretical analysis, and these models are then compared with other methods. The proposed RC models give more accurate and more computationally efficient estimations of driving torques and slip ratios for WMRs, with average estimation errors less than 6% and the shortest computation time in experiments. The two proposed estimators are then applied to the design of the tracking-control systems for a WMR running on deformable terrain. Experiments with simulated sandy terrain demonstrate that both proposed control systems are feasible, and the slip estimation effectively decreases velocity tracking errors from more than 20% to less than 10%.
Ride Comfort Optimization via Speed Planning and Preview Semi-Active Suspension Control for Autonomous Vehicles on Uneven Roads

By simultaneously utilizing preview and global road information, a comfort optimization strategy which combines vehicle speed planning and preview semi-active suspension control is designed for autonomous vehicles. Considering that the impact of vehicle speed at the suspension vibration source is always a barrier for preview suspension control, a processing method for the road data is novelly proposed. Then, to utilize the processed data and to handle the nonlinearity of semi-active actuators, a hybrid horizon-varying (HV) model predictive control (MPC) method is given. The method can adapt to speed variation and meanwhile take the most of the road data within a fixed preview length. Further, based on the global information and considering multiple road irregularities in a driving path, a speed planning problem is established in the spatial domain and a dynamic programming based solution is provided. The final speed trajectory can compromise the driving time, vertical vibration and longitudinal acceleration. Various simulation results have been employed to verify the superiority of the hybrid HV-MPC method and the significance of speed and suspension coordination for comfort improvement.
The Influence of Smart Manufacturing towards Energy Conservation: A Review

Today, the current trends of manufacturing are towards the adaptation and implementation of smart manufacturing, which is a new initiative to turn the traditional factories into profitable innovation facilities. However, the concept and technologies are still in a state of infancy, since many manufacturers around the world are not fully knowledgeable about the benefits of smart manufacturing compared to their current practices. This article reviews several aspects of smart manufacturing and introduces its advantages in terms of energy-saving and production efficiency. This article also points out that some areas need further research so that smart manufacturing can be shaped better.
HPPD: A Hybrid Parallel Framework of Partition-based and Density-based Clustering Algorithms in Data Streams

Data stream clustering refers to the process of grouping continuously arriving new data chunks into continuously changing groups to enable dynamic analysis of segmentation patterns. However, the main attention of research on clustering methods till now has been concerned with alteration of the methods updated for static datasets and changes of the available modified methods. Such methods presented only one type of final output clusters, i.e. convex or non-convex shape clusters. This paper presents a novel two-phase parallel hybrid clustering (HPPD) algorithm that identify convex and non-convex groups in online stage and mixed groups in offline stage from data stream. In this work, we first receive the data stream and apply pre-processing step to identify convex and non-convex clusters. Secondly, apply modified EINCKM to present online output convex clusters and modified EDDS to present online output non-convex clusters in parallel scheme. Thirdly, apply adaptive merging strategy in offline stage to give last composed output groups. The method is assessed on a synthetic dataset. The output results of the experiments have authenticate the activeness and effectiveness of the method.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent School Girls

Introduction: Adolescent girls face different physical conversions, sexual changes and psychological pressures associated with growth and maturity, menstruation being one of them. Menstruation is still clouded by taboos and socio-cultural restrictions resulting in ignorance of scientific facts and hygienic health practices. Since response to menstruation depends upon awareness and knowledge about issues, menstrual hygiene education has shown to be effective in improving health by developing good knowledge, attitude and practice among adolescent girls. Methods: An analytical study with one group pretest – posttest design was carried out to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on menstrual hygiene among 100 adolescent school girls studying in a public school in Palpa. Pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and practice whereas valid MAQ (Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire) was used for attitude. This was followed by structured teaching program consisting of information on menstruation, myths and hygiene. Then a posttest was conducted after a week to the same respondents. Results: The study resulted in statistically significant improvements (P<0.001) in total knowledge (63% to 66%), attitude (47% to 63%) and practice (43% to 49%) after implementation of the structured teaching program. There was positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r=0.023), attitude and practice scores (r=0.026) and knowledge and practice scores (r=0.183). Conclusion: The structured teaching program is effective in improving knowledge, attitude and practice on menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls. Thus, adding menstrual hygiene as part of curriculum may break the culture of silence.
‘Learning ENT’ by YouTube videos: perceptions of third professional MBBS students

Background: Advancement in technology has revolutionized the concept of teaching and learning medicine. YouTube is a popular and easily accessible tool to teach medical subjects. This study was done to evaluate the students’ perception of YouTube learning in ENT. Methods: This was a prospective study where a subject specific YouTube channel, ‘Learning ENT’, created by 1st author, was used to upload videos on selected topics in ENT for third professional MBBS part-1 students (n=145). Students were instructed to access the said videos from time to time throughout the year. At the end of the academic year the perceptions of students were taken and analyzed. Results: 124 students responded to the online questionnaire. 123 (99.2%) watched YouTube videos on their smart phones. 70 students (56.5%) accessed the YouTube videos for ENT topics very often. 122 (98.4%) students felt that these videos made them understand the topics better. Similarly, 115 (92.7%) students felt that these videos enhanced their interest in the subject. 114 (91.9%) students felt that these videos were more beneficial for practical topics in ENT. 61 students (49.2%) perceived that the duration of videos should be 5-10 minutes. Almost equal number (47.6%) students felt that 10-15 minutes duration is appropriate. 79 students (63.7%) perceived that watching videos made the topic easy to understand and also interesting. 71 students (57.2 %) felt that there were no limitations of the said channel. Conclusions: When integrated with other teaching learning methods, YouTube can be an effective tool to facilitate ENT learning.
Dual infection with HIV‑1 and HIV‑2: double trouble or destructive interference?

HIV-1 and HIV-2 are two related retroviruses and, in regions where both infections are endemic, HIV-1/2 dual infection can occur. Several important questions arise about the interplay between these two viruses in a single host, including: what is the potential for HIV-1–HIV-2 recombinants to form, are there synergistic or inhibitory mechanisms that result in distinct viral replication dynamics when compared with HIV-1 or HIV-2 monoinfected individuals and what are the factors to consider when choosing antiretroviral regimes in HIV-1/2 dual-infected individuals? We summarize the relevant evidence to answer these questions, as well as indentify trends in prevalence and how the natural history of HIV-1/2 dual infection differs from that of HIV-1 or HIV-2 monoinfection. The epidemiological and in vitro evidence pertaining to the question of whether HIV-2 infection may protect against HIV-1 superinfection will also be addressed.
A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE HETEROKONT ALGAE BASED ON ANALYSES OF CHLOROPLAST‐ENCODED rbcL SEQUENCE DATA 1

Nearly complete ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (rbcL)sequences from 27 taxa of heterokont algae were determined and combined with rbcL sequences obtained from GenBank for four other heterokont algae and three red algae. The phylogeny of the morphologically diverse haterokont algae was inferred from an unambiguously aligned data matrix using the red algae as the root, Significantly higher levels of mutational saturation in third codon positions were found when plotting the pair‐wise substitutions with and without corrections for multiple substitutions at the same site for first and second codon positions only and for third positions only. In light of this observation, third codon positions were excluded from phylogenetic analyses. Both weighted‐parsimony and maximum‐likelihood analyses supported with high bootstrap values the monophyly of the nine currently recognized classes of heterokont algae. The Eustigmatophyceae were the most basal group, and the Dictyochophyceae branched off as the second most basal group. The branching pattern for the other classes was well supported in terms of bootstrap values in the weightedparsimony analysis but was weakly supported in the maximum‐likelihood analysis (<50%). In the parsimony analysis, the diatoms formed a sister group to the branch containing the Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae. This clade, charactetized by siliceous structures (frustules, cysts, scales), was the sister group to the Pelagophyceae/Sarcinochrysidales and Phaeo‐/Xantho‐/ Raphidophyceae clades. In the latter clade, the raphido‐phytes were sister to the Phaeophyceae and Xanthophyceae. A relative rate test revealed that the rbcL gene in the Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae has experienced a significantly different rate of substitutions compared to other classes of heterokont algae. The branch lengths in the maximum‐likelihood reconstruction suggest that these two classes have evolved at an accelerated rate. Six major carotenoids were analyzed cladistically to study the usefulness of carotenoid pigmentation as a class‐level character in the heterokont algae. In addition, each carotenoid was mapped onto both the rbcL tree and a consensus tree derived from nuclear‐encoded small‐subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Carotenoid pigmentation does not provide unambiguous phylogenetic information, whether analyzed cladistically by itself or when mapped onto phylogenetic trees based upon molecular sequence data.