Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progesterone receptor expression correlates with estrogen receptor α but not β and pS2 status in ovarian carcinomas: relation to apoptosis, cell proliferation, p27 Kip1 expression, and survival

Objective: Possible associations among the expression of the estrogen receptors (ER) α and β, progesterone receptor (PR), and pS2, as well as cell kinetics, in ovarian tumors were examined. Methods: A total of 120 carcinomas, along with 29 low malignant potential (LMP) tumors and 70 cystadenomas, were immunohistochemically investigated for ER, PR, and pS2 expressions. The results were subsequently compared to apoptosis, cell proliferation, and survival. The mRNA analyses were also examined. Results: ERα, ERβ, and PR expressions at both protein scores and mRNA levels were not altered among benign, LMP, or malignant lesions, while pS2 expression was detected in mucinous tumors only, because pS2 expression was inversely associated with ERα and PR. There were statistically significant correlations between the ERα and PR scores in all the categories, with the exception of some carcinomas; however, the ERβ scores were independent. There were no statistically significant correlations between hormone-related molecules and cell kinetic markers in any of the tumor categories. Relatively high PR scores in women with ovarian carcinomas, however, were significantly associated with favorable outcomes. Conclusions: These results suggest that ERα rather than ERβ may play important roles in the regulation of PR but not pS2 expressions in ovarian tumors. Moreover, independent of changes in tumor tissue kinetics, relatively high PR expression indicated good prognoses in women with ovarian cancer.
Correlation Between Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Feeding Behavior and Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

Abstract The feeding behavior of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique during the transmission process of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV). The behavior of individual viruliferous whiteflies was recorded on two-leaf stage tomato test plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill ‘Riofuego’). A total of 213 whitefly individuals was recorded on single test plants during an inoculation access period that ranged from 3.5 to 14 h. Recordings were classified into 4 categories depending of the waveforms observed: group I, including only waveform C (pathway), was associated with a residual 2.4% TYLCV transmission efficiency; group II, showing stylet pathway and a single E(pd)1 waveform, was associated with a 7.4% transmission efficiency; group III, showing stylet pathway and a single E(pd)1 + E(pd)2 waveform, achieved a 23.4% transmission efficiency; and finally group IV, showing pathway followed by several E(pd)1 + E(pd)2 waveforms, was associated with the highest transmission efficiency (37.5%). A total of 16 different behavioral variables was introduced into a stepwise-backward logistic regression model to determine the variables most related to TYLCV inoculation. Among them, the total duration of E(pd)1 was the most significant variable associated with virus inoculation by B. tabaci (P = 0.002, positive relationship). In addition, the regression analysis indicated a strong positive relationship (P = 0.005) between transmission efficiency and total number of E(pd)1 (t = 4.39, β = 0.45 ± 0.10, r = 0.87), and total duration of waveform E(pd)1 (P = 0.05) (t = 4.00, β = 0.02 ± 0.004, r = 0.94). The minimum phloem contact E(pd)1 threshold period observed for successful inoculation of TYLCV by B. tabaci on tomato plants was 1.8 min. Implications of these results for persistent virus transmission by whiteflies are discussed.
Telomere length and oxidative stress variations in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease progression

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and aging is its major risk factor. Changes in telomere length have been associated with aging and some degenerative diseases. Our aim was to explore some of the molecular changes caused by the progression of AD in a transgenic murine model (3xTg-AD; B6; 129-Psen1 Tg (APPSwe, tauP301L) 1Lfa). Telomere length was assessed by qPCR in both brain tissue and peripheral blood cells and compared between three age groups: 5, 9, and 13 months. In addition, a possible effect of oxidative stress on telomere length and AD progression was explored. Shorter telomeres were found in blood cells of older transgenic mice compared to younger and wild type mice but no changes in telomere length in the hippocampus. An increase in oxidative stress with age was found for all strains but no correlation was found between oxidative stress and shorter telomere length for transgenic mice. Telomere length and oxidative stress are affected by AD progression in the 3xTg-AD murine model. Changes in blood cells are more noticeable than changes in brain tissue, suggesting that systemic changes can be detected early in the disease in this murine model.
Effect of seat height on manual wheelchair foot propulsion, a repeated-measures crossover study: part 2 – wheeling backward on a soft surface

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that, during manual-wheelchair foot propulsion backward on a soft surface, lowering the seat height increases speed, push frequency and push effectiveness, and decreases perceived difficulty. Materials and methods In a repeated-measures crossover study, 50 able-bodied participants used one foot to propel a manual wheelchair 5 m backward on a soft surface at 5 seat heights, ranging from 5.08 cm below to about 5.08 cm above lower-leg length, in random order. We recorded Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) capacity scores and used the Wheelchair Propulsion Test (WPT) to calculate speed (m/s), push frequency (cycles/s) and push effectiveness (m/cycle). We also recorded the participants’ perceived difficulty (0–4) and video-recorded each trial. Results WST capacity scores were reduced at the higher seat heights. Using repeated-measures models (adjusted for age, sex and order), there were negative relationships between seat height and speed (p < 0.0001) and push effectiveness (p < 0.0001). Lowering the seat height by 5.08 cm below lower-leg length corresponded to improvements in speed of 0.097 m/s and in push effectiveness of 0.101 m/cycle. The trend for push frequency was also significant (p = 0.035) but the effect size was smaller. Perceived difficulty increased with seat height (p < 0.0001). The video-recordings provided qualitative kinematic data regarding the seated “gait cycles”. Conclusions During manual-wheelchair foot propulsion backward on a soft surface, lowering the seat height increases speed and push effectiveness, and decreases perceived difficulty. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Backward wheelchair foot propulsion on soft surfaces is affected by seat height. Speed (m/s) is improved if the seat height is lowered. Push effectiveness (m/gait cycle) is improved if the seat height is lowered. Perceived difficulty of propulsion is lower if the seat height is lowered.
Iatrogenic vision loss following aesthetic treatment with hyaluronic acid‐containing filler: Every injector should be prepared

Facial aesthetic enhancement with a hyaluronic acid‐containing filler is a minimally invasive procedure that is considered rather safe. However, the most feared complications include vascular compromise and development of blindness. When vision loss occurs, prompt and sufficient action is essential. This paper summarizes casuistic experiences to reverse these catastrophic complications, as specific evidence‐based guidelines are currently not available.
Host specificity of Colletotrichum truncatum from lentil

Isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum from lentil (Lens culinaris) and soybean (Glycine max) were shown to have different host ranges and patterns of latent infection. A smaller number of studies on an isolate from scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata) indicated that this isolate likely differs from either lentil or soybean isolates. In growth-cabinet trials, lentil isolates were pathogenic on lentil, faba bean (Vicia faba), field pea (Pisum sativum), narrow-leaf vetch (Vicia americana), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Latent infection by lentil isolates was observed only in scentless chamomile, and no symptoms were observed on alfalfa (Medicago sativa), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), or lupin (Lupinus albus). Isolates from scentless chamomile had a short latent period and produced abundant disease on scentless chamomile and limited symptoms on lentil, faba bean, field pea, and chickpea. In contrast, soybean isolates had an extended latent period and produced visible lesions on soybean, chickpea, lupin, and dry bean, but not on faba bean, field pea, or narrow-leaf vetch. Latent infection by soybean isolates was identified in inoculated plants of all the plants species in the trial. Field trials confirmed that C. truncatum from lentil causes disease symptoms on faba bean and field pea (but not chickpea) under field conditions. There were no substantive differences in the pattern of pathogenicity or disease severity between the races of C. truncatum from lentil (Ct0 and Ct1) on the plant species in the study. Narrow-leaf vetch was generally susceptible to C. truncatum from lentil
IL-33 Induces Antigen-Specific IL-5+ T Cells and Promotes Allergic-Induced Airway Inflammation Independent of IL-41

Type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) play a pivotal role in helminthic infection and allergic disorders. CD4+ T cells which produce type 2 cytokines can be generated via IL-4-dependent and -independent pathways. Although the IL-4-dependent pathway is well documented, factors that drive IL-4-independent Th2 cell differentiation remain obscure. We report here that the new cytokine IL-33, in the presence of Ag, polarizes murine and human naive CD4+ T cells into a population of T cells which produce mainly IL-5 but not IL-4. This polarization requires IL-1R-related molecule and MyD88 but not IL-4 or STAT6. The IL-33-induced T cell differentiation is also dependent on the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB but not the induction of GATA3 or T-bet. In vivo, ST2−/− mice developed attenuated airway inflammation and IL-5 production in a murine model of asthma. Conversely, IL-33 administration induced the IL-5-producing T cells and exacerbated allergen-induced airway inflammation in wild-type as well as IL-4−/− mice. Finally, adoptive transfer of IL-33-polarized IL-5+IL-4−T cells triggered airway inflammation in naive IL-4−/− mice. Thus, we demonstrate here that, in the presence of Ag, IL-33 induces IL-5-producing T cells and promotes airway inflammation independent of IL-4.
Cassava and the future of starch

The nutritive reserves of cassava is made up of starch, which is one of the most important products synthesized by plants that is consumed as food and used in industrial processes. The currently increasing cassava production will lead to higher amount of starch available making it cheaper for industrial processes, and opening up new markets. There is also abundant capacity in many tropical countries such as Nigeria to increase cassava production.
Bacteria associated with marine macroorganisms as potential source of quorum‐sensing antagonists

Samples were collected from different undisturbed areas along the coast of Gujarat like Okha, Diu, Veraval, and Somnath. A total of 68 marine isolates were obtained out of which 53 were associated with various marine macroorganisms like sponges, gastropods, and algae, whereas 15 were free living. Quorum‐quenching ability of all the isolates was tested against Chromobacterium violaceum MK by co‐culture technique as a way to simultaneously detect signal‐degrading as well as nondegrading quorum‐sensing inhibitors. Nineteen macroorganism‐associated bacteria and eight free‐living bacteria were found to possess quorum‐sensing inhibitory activity against C. violaceum MK without affecting its growth. Isolate OA22 from grape alga and OA10 from purple sponge (Haliclona sp.) were found to possess the highest C6‐HSL degradation activity and extracellular non‐N‐acyl‐homoserine lactone degrading QSI activity, respectively. OA22 was also found to degrade 3‐oxo‐C12 homoserine lactone. Acid recovery of both the C6‐ and C12‐HSL after degradation by OA22 indicated the presence of lactonase enzyme in the isolate. Cell‐free supernatant of OA10 was extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain the quorum‐quenching compound. Pigment inhibition in C. violaceum MK treated with OA10 extract was demonstrated in various ways and was indicative of QSI activity of the extract without degradation of the quorum‐sensing signaling molecule. The isolates OA22 and OA10 were identified as Desemzia incerta and Bacillus sp. , respectively, by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis.
Effects of dietary stachyose levels on caecal skatole concentration, hepatic cytochrome P450 mRNA expressions and enzymatic activities in broilers

Abstract Effects of dietary supplemental stachyose on caecal skatole concentration, hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450, CYP) mRNA expressions and enzymatic activities in broilers were evaluated. Arbor Acre commercial mixed male and female chicks were assigned randomly into six treatments. The positive control (PC) diet was based on maize–soyabean meal, and the negative control (NC) diet was based on maize–non-soyabean meal. The NC diet was then supplemented with 4, 5, 6 and 7 g/kg stachyose to create experimental diets, named S-4, S-5, S-6 and S-7, respectively. Each diet was fed to six replicates of ten birds from days 1 to 49. On day 49, the caecal skatole concentrations in the PC, S-4, S-5, S-6 and S-7 groups were lower than those in the NC group by 42·28, 23·68, 46·09, 15·31 and 45·14 % (P < 0·01), respectively. The lowest pH value was observed in the S-5 group (P < 0·05). The stachyose-fed groups of broilers had higher caecal acetate and propionate levels compared with control groups, and propionate levels in the S-6 and S-7 groups were higher than those in the S-4 and S-5 groups (P < 0·001). The highest CYP3A4 expression was found in the S-7 group (P < 0·05), but this was not different from PC, S-4, S-5 and S-6 treatments. There was no significant difference in CYP450 (1A2, 2D6 and 3A4) enzymatic activities among the groups (P > 0·05). In conclusion, caecal skatole levels can be influenced by dietary stachyose levels, and 5 g/kg of stachyose in the diet was suggested.
Frequency of multiple paternity in an unexploited tropical population of sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus)

Elasmobranch mating systems have received growing attention in the past few years because of worldwide overexploitation of shark populations. Few studies to date have examined mating systems in sharks because of diffi- culty in sampling. The sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) is heavily harvested around the world and is the domi- nant species in the main commercial fishery for large coastal sharks in the United States. In contrast, Hawaii hosts one of the few unexploited populations of sandbar sharks and represents an opportunity to gather data on the reproductive biology of a vulnerable shark species without the confounding effects of fishing mortality. We examined the frequency of multiple paternity in Hawaiian sandbar sharks using 130 individuals (20 gravid females with three-eight pups each per litter) surveyed with six polymorphic microsatellite loci and determined that 8 of the 20 litters (40%) were multiple- sired. A Bayesian approach estimated the frequency of multiple mating in this population at 43.8%, with a 95% confi- dence interval of 23%-63%. We conclude that multiple paternity and genetic monogamy occur with roughly equal frequency in the Hawaiian sandbar shark population. This study may serve as groundwork for understanding the im- pact of commercial fishing pressure on elasmobranch mating systems. Resume : Les systemes de reproduction des elasmobranches suscitent de plus en plus d'interet depuis quelques annees a cause de la surexploitation des populations de requins a l'echelle du globe. Jusqu'a present, peu d'etudes ont exa- mine les systemes de reproduction des requins a cause des difficultes d'echantillonnage. Le requin gris (Carcharhinus plumbeus) est intensement peche a l'echelle mondiale et constitue l'espece dominante dans la principale peche com- merciale de grands requins cotiers aux Etats-Unis. En revanche, il existe a Hawaii l'une des rares populations inexploi- tees de requins gris; c'est donc une occasion de recueillir des donnees sur la biologie reproductive de cette espece de requin vulnerable sans avoir les effets confondants de la mortalite due a la peche. Nous avons etudie la frequence des paternites multiples chez les requins gris d'Hawaii d'apres l'analyse de 6 locus microsatellites polymorphes chez 130 individus (20 femelles gravides possedant trois-huit petits par portee); 8 (40 %) des 20 portees comportaient des pater- nites multiples. Une methodologie bayesienne permet d'estimer la frequence des accouplements multiples a 43,8 %, avec un intervalle de confiance de 95 % de 23-63 %. Nous concluons que la paternite multiple et la monogamie gene- tique existent a peu pres en parts egales dans la population de requins gris d'Hawaii. Notre etude peut servir de travail de base pour comprendre l'impact de la pression de la peche commerciale sur les systemes de reproduction des elas- mobranches
Intraoperative Renal Replacement Therapy for Liver Transplantation: Is There Really a Benefit?

Acute kidney injury at the time of liver transplantation( LT) is associated with increased mortality, particularly for those patients who require hemodialysis (Zand). There are several theoretical benefits of intraoperative RRT (IORRT). Dialysis can correct metabolic acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities including hyperkalemia common during liver transplantation, particularly during the anhepatic phase can reduce fluid overload, especially when large amounts of blood product transfusions are administered. Perioperative fluid balance predicts an increase in post-operative pulmonary complications; IORRT may allow patients with low urine output to avoid fluid overload post-LT (Jiang). However, IORRT is invasive requiring placement of an additional large bore central venous catheter, and clotting of the dialysis circuit during IORRT may result in blood loss. It also is a resource and personnel intensive procedure.
Peripheral and dual binding site inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase as neurodegenerative disease modifying agents

Current treatment approaches in Alzheimer’s disease have been dominated by the use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, which increase the acetylcholine concentration in the brain, thus alleviating the decline in cognitive and mental function associated with this neurodegenerative disorder. However, AChE itself has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and it appears that AChE may directly interact with β-amyloid, increasing the deposition of this peptide into insoluble plaques. This new role suggests that properly designed or biologically directed screened AChE inhibitors might be able to act as disease-modifying agents rather than as a mere palliative treatment. This review discloses recent discoveries of small molecules targeting the non-cholinergic actions of this well-known cholinergic enzyme.
The Accumulation of Protein in the Oviduct of the Fowl

Abstract THERE is considerable variation in total egg weight in a series of eggs laid on consecutive days by an individual hen. Scott (1938) concluded that the major part of this variation, associated with the position of the egg within the clutch, is due primarily to differences in the amount of white, the first egg being larger than subsequent eggs because of a greater white content. To explain this phenomenon, it is necessary to know how the egg white is formed in the oviduct. It might be that all, or most of the protein of the white is synthesized from blood constituents during the time the egg is passing through the magnum or albumen-secreting part of the oviduct. On the other hand, it seems more likely that the proteins of the white are continuously synthesized from blood constituents, stored in the secretory glands of the magnum, and released from these glands .
Marker-Assisted Cold Tolerance Breeding in Rice

Spikelet fertility of rice decreases when rice plants are exposed to a low temperature, especially at the booting stage, due to the failure of microspore development. The sterile type of cold injury is a very serious problem at high latitudes and in uplands at low latitudes. Rice breeders have been making efforts to develop more cold-tolerant cultivars. In 1970’s, two tropical japonicas, Silewah and Padi Labou Alumbis, were found to be cold-tolerant. Their cold tolerance was introduced into Japanese breeding lines by backcross breeding, and cold-tolerant cultivars, Norin-PL8 and Hokkai-PL9, were developed. Although Norin-PL8 and Hokkai-PL9 are more cold-tolerant than conventional cold-tolerant cultivars, they have unfavorable traits, such as long duration to heading and long culm. Despite continuous efforts to improve their agronomical traits, no commercial cultivar has been established by introducing cold tolerance of the two cultivars. We analyzed QTLs for cold tolerance of Norin-PL8 and Hokkai-PL9. The QTL for cold tolerance of Norin-PL8 was detected on the long arm of chromosome 4. We mapped the QTL using NILs and identified two closely linked QTLs, Ctb1 and Ctb2. The QTL for cold tolerance of Hokkai-PL9 was detected on the short arm of chromosome 8 using F2 and F7 progenies between Hokkai-PL9 and a cold-sensitive cultivar, Hokkai287. We are introducing the QTLs into commercial cultivars using the DNA markers linked with the QTLs. Media summary DNA markers associated with cold tolerance will be useful tools for the cold tolerance breeding of rice.
Explosive flowering, nectar production, breeding systems, and pollinators of New Zealand mistletoes (Loranthaceae)

The six New Zealand loranthaceous mis- tletoes fall into two groups based on pollination bi- ology. Four (Alepis flavida, Peraxilla colensoi, P. tetrapetala, and Trilepidea adamsii) are bird polli- nated with hermaphrodite flowers while the other two (Ileostylus micranthus and Tupeia antarctica) are dioecious or sub-dioecious and insect pollinated. We provide data on the pollination biology of the five extant species (Trilepidea is extinct). The two Peraxilla species and Trilepidea have recently been shown to have explosive flowers. Here we show that Alepis has weakly facultatively explo- sive flowers. The world distribution of explosive mistletoe flowers suggests that the syndrome has arisen a number of times independently within the family, and is found in about half the putatively ancestral genera. The principal avian visitors to the bird-pollinated species were tui and bellbirds; introduced species are numerically unimportant as pollinators. The nectar production schedules of Alepis and Peraxilla encour- age single-visit pollination as little nectar is produced after the flowers open. However, when bird densi- ties are high, buds of Peraxilla may be forced open prematurely, encouraging multiple visits.