Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANFIS based system identification of underactuated systems

Abstract In this work, the effectiveness of the adaptive neural based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in identifying underactuated systems is illustrated. Two case studies of underactuated systems are used to validate the system identification i. e. , linear inverted pendulum (LIP) and rotary inverted pendulum (RIP). Both the systems are treated as benchmark systems in modeling and control theory for their inherit nonlinear, unstable, and underactuated behavior. The systems are modeled with ANFIS using the input-output data acquired from the dynamic response of the nonlinear analytical model of the systems. The dynamic response of the ANFIS model is simulated and compared to the nonlinear mathematical model of the inverted pendulum systems. In order to check the effectiveness of the ANFIS model, mean square error is used as the performance index. From the obtained simulation results, it has been perceived that the ANFIS model performed satisfactorily within the trained operating range while a minor deviation is seen outside the trained operating region for both the case studies. Furthermore, the experimental validation of the of the proposed ANFIS model is done by comparing it with the experimental model of the rotary inverted pendulum. The obtained results show that the response of ANFIS model is in close agreement to the experimental model of the rotary inverted pendulum.
RTL to Transistor Level Power Modeling and Estimation Techniques for FPGA and ASIC: A Survey

Power consumption constitutes a major challenge for electronics circuits. One possible way to deal with this issue is to consider it very soon in the design process in order to explore various design choices. A typical design flow often starts with a high-level description of a full system, which imposes to provide accurate models. Power modeling techniques can be employed, providing a way to find a relationship between power and other metrics. Furthermore, it is also important to consider efficient power characterization techniques. The role of this article is, first, to provide an overview of the register transfer level to transistor level power modeling and estimation techniques for FPGAs and ASICs devices. Second, it aims at proposing a classification of all approaches according to defined metrics, which should help designers in finding a particular method for their specific situation, even if no common reference is defined among the considered works.
Mental Health Literacy Scale: Translation and Validation in Pakistani Context

1. Ph. D Scholar, Department of Psychology, Preston University Islamabad Campus, Kohat, KP, Pakistan 2. HOD of Psychology, Preston University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan 3. HOD of Psychology, Preston University Islamabad Campus, Kohat, KP, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: April 08, 2020 Accepted: June 15, 2020 Online: June 30, 2020 The study’s prime objective was to translate in Urdu and validate the 35 items of Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) developed by Matt O’Conner (2015). The methodology of Hambleton & Zenisky (2011) were adopted for translation and validation of MHLS in Pakistani context. The scale was translated and analyzed by field experts. Feedback and suggestions collected during pilot study helped the experts to modify the scale. Finally,335 questionnaires were analyzed. The SMART-PLS 3 was used for statistical analysis. PLS results of Cronbach’s Alpha, rho, Average variance explain, composite reliability, internal consistency, face validity, convergent and discriminant validity, factor loading and cross loading confirmed the scale with 34 items. Only one item related to drug use for mental health awareness was dropped due to low reliability and validity. The 34 items scale in Pakistan is an adequate and valid instrument to measure the level of mental health literacy of the Pakistani population which recommends its use to detect the needs related to the management of health information
CREATING FIRM VALUE: LINKING DEMAND UNCERTAINTY, ADAPTATION VERSUS REPLACEMENT INVESTMENTS, AND RISK

Real assets investment can relate to real options. This study aims at analysing the effect of demand uncertainty on replacement investment and adaptation investment supported by manager’s attitude towards risk and the effect of each investment type on firm values. The 352 observation data was collected from companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data was analyzed using Path analysis. The research findings prove that demand uncertainty can increase the adaptation investment, which is in contrast to replacement investment. The manager’s attitude towards risk in terms of demand uncertainty and adaptation investment is considered as risk-taker, while in replacement investment is risk aversion. The effects of the two investment types also differ on firm value. The adaptation investment cannot increase the firm value, while the replacement investment can. The manager has the policy to make or not to make profitable investments to maximize investment returns based on real option policy and to decrease the risk, as the real assets investments are not passive investments. The manager’s attitude towards risk is quasi moderation, both in replacements investment and adaptation investment. It implies that manager’s attitude towards risk can be a moderator and independent variable.
Controlling Nutritional Status score: A novel prognostic marker for patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of malnutrition assessed by Controlling Nutritional Status score in community-acquired pneumonia patients. Methods: All adult patients admitted to our emergency department and hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia were prospectively followed-up until hospital discharge or death. Nutritional status was assessed with the Controlling Nutritional Status score, which is based on serum albumin levels, total cholesterol levels, and lymphocyte counts. The primary study endpoint was complicated hospital course defined as need for mechanical ventilation, mortality, or intensive care unit admission. Results: Three hundred and five patients (mean age 68.6 ± 11.2 years and 51.8% female) were enrolled, and 40 patients (13.1%) had complicated hospitalizations. Older patients, patients with more comorbidities, and patients with higher Controlling Nutritional Status scores on admission were tended to have a higher rate of complications during their hospitalization. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (odds ratio 2.55, 95% confidence interval 1.41–4.64, p < 0.001), presence of diabetes (odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.09–3.65; p = 0.004), pneumonia severity index ⩾ 3 (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.524–3.725, p = 0.035), and Controlling Nutritional Status score > 4 (odds ratio 2.23, 95% confidence interval 1.129–3.657, p = 0.001) were independent predictors of complicated hospitalizations. Conclusion: Malnutrition determined by Controlling Nutritional Status score predicts complications in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Moisture sorption isotherm and thermodynamic properties of Centella asiatica L. (CAL) powder

Abstract Centella asiatica L. (CAL) powder contains many medicinal properties that could be subjected to rapid deterioration due to presence of water. Moisture sorption isotherm has been widely used to predict shelf-life and storage stability as well as understanding the sorption mechanism between a material and water molecules. Aims of this study were to analyze the moisture sorption isotherm of CAL powder and its thermodynamic properties (net isosteric heat of sorption, differential entropy, and enthalpy-entropy compensation theory). A study was conducted at three different temperatures (30, 40, and 50 °C) with a range of water activities (0.06–0.92) using static gravimetric method. Results showed that CAL powder demonstrated Type-III moisture sorption isotherm behavior. Peleg isotherms relationship was found to be the most suitable model to describe the sorption isotherm curves followed by BET and Halsey. Furthermore, the net isosteric heat of sorption was determined using Peleg’s sorption isotherm model and the results showed exponentially increased as the equilibrium moisture content decreased. Enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was satisfied based on a linear relationship between differential enthalpy and entropy data obtained. Ccompensation theory also indicated that the process is an enthalpy-driven and undergoes a non-spontaneous reaction.
Faded visual afterimages reappear after TMS over early visual cortex

In the complete absence of small transients in visual inputs (e.g. by experimentally stabilizing an image on the retina, or in everyday life during intent staring), information perceived by the eyes will fade from the perceptual experience. While the mechanisms of visual fading remain poorly understood, one possibility is that higher-level brain regions actively suppress the stable visual signals via targeted inhibitory feedback onto Early Visual Cortex (EVC). Here, we used positive afterimages and multisensory conflict to induce gestalt-like fading of participants' own hands. In two separate experiments, participants rated the perceived quality of their hands both before and after Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was applied over EVC. In a first experiment, triple pulse TMS was able to make a faded hand appear less faded after the pulses were applied, compared to placebo pulses. A second experiment demonstrated that this was because triple pulse TMS inoculated the removed hand from fading over time. Interestingly, TMS similarly affected the left and right hand, despite being applied only over right EVC. Together, our results suggest that TMS can lift inhibitory processes in EVC and reverse the effects of visual fading. And it might do so by crossing transcollosal connections, or via multimodal integration sites in which both hands are represented.
Factors influencing teachers’ utilisation of ICT: the role of in-service training courses and access

Research in Learning Technology 2020. © 2020 A. Esfijani and B. E. Zamani. Research in Learning Technology is the journal of the Association for Learning Technology (ALT), a UK-based professional and scholarly society and membership organisation. ALT is registered charity number 1063519. http://www.alt. ac.uk/. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Monitoring of material-removal mechanism in micro-electrical discharge machining by pulse classification and acoustic emission signals

Micro-electrical discharge machining is a stochastic process where the interaction between the materials and the process parameters are difficult to understand. Monitoring of the process becomes necessary to achieve the dimensional accuracy of the micro-featured components. Although thermo-mechanical erosion is the most accepted material-removal mechanism, it fails to explain the material removal with very short pulse duration. Alternative postulate like electrostatic force-induced stress yielding provides a stronger argument, rising ambiguity over the material-removal process in the micro-electrical discharge machining regime. In this work, it was found that the stress waves released from the material during micro-electrical discharge-machining process indicate material removal by mechanical deformation and fracture mechanism. These stress waves were captured using the acoustic emission sensor. The discharge pulses were captured by voltage measurement and classified using voltage gradient and machining time duration into three major categories, open pulse, normal pulse and arc pulse. The acoustic emission signal features were extracted and identified by time–frequency–energy distribution analysis. A feed-forward back-propagation neural network mapping of the pulse instances was performed with the obtained acoustic emission signature. The time–frequency–energy distribution analysis of the acoustic emission and the scanning electron microscope images of the craters provide conclusive evidence that the material is removed by mechanical stress and fracture. The feed-forward back-propagation network model was trained to predict the discharge categories of the pulse instances with AE signal inputs which can be used for monitoring the material-removal mechanism in micro-electrical discharge machining operation.
Growth Performance of Heteroclarias Juveniles Fed Graded Levels of Autoclaved Castor Seed (Ricinus communis L.) Cake Based Diets

An 84 day feeding trial was conducted on the juveniles (42.51±0.09g) of hybrid catfish, Heteroclarias, in order to evaluate the nutritional potential of 30 minutes autoclaved castor seed cake isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (3212Kcal/Kg) diets replacing soybean meal at 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50%, the diets being designated D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 respectively. Prior to this, the castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.), ZiboCastor No. 3 variety, collected from Ado-Ekiti metropolis, Nigeria were subjected to 0, 20, 30 and 40 minutes autoclaved at 121oC, dehauled, grounded, oil extracted to form cake, then the proximate and antinutrients analysis were carried out. The preliminary tests on the seeds revealed 30 minutes level of autoclaved seeds was the best. The growth performance result showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (NPU) among the various diet levels with the progressive decline in the values of each parameter (except FCR that showed progressive increment) along the trend of increment of castor seed cake inclusion (D1, 0%; D2, 12.5%; D3, 25%; D4, 37.5% and D5, 50%). The survival rate followed the same trend of declination with the highest percentage recorded for D1 (93.33±6.67%), followed by D2 (83.33±3.33%), D3 (76.57±3.33%), D4 (66.67±3.33%) and D5 (60.00±5.77%) respectively. Hence the best growth performance and nutrient utilization was shown in D1 (control) followed by D2. It is therefore recommended that autoclaved castor seed cake at 121oC be included at not more than 12.5% inclusion level to reduce cost of feed without necessarily compromising fish growth rate.
HSOA Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine Metformin Use beyond Diabetes: Reducing Cardiovascular Events in the Healthy Elderly

As the global ageing population rises, there is increasing interest and demand for research evaluating anti-ageing strategies. One such strategy involves investigating a drug that may have additional mechanisms and pathways of action to combat ageing - metformin. This common glucose-lowering agent for diabetes has been safe, effective and globally affordable for over 60 years. Research into the use of metformin and its beneficial influence on healthy ageing is currently emerging. Although metformin’s effect on clinical ageing outcomes may be speculative, findings from studies into cellular and animal models and from observational and pilot human studies support its potential beneficial effects on ageing. Ageing has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system and is the leading non-modifiable risk factor for Cardio - vascular Disease (CVD). The incidence and prevalence of CVD increases with advancing age, and CVD is the leading cause of death for populations over 65 years of age. However, most CVD prevention research has focused on development of interventions that target “traditional” CV risk factors such as hypertension, hy percholesterolaemia and diabetes. Metformin has been proposed to be an “anti-ageing” drug, based on preclinical experiments with lower-order organisms and numerous retrospective data on bene- ficial health outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes. At present, randomised clinical trials to evaluate metformin’s clinical impact on healthy ageing are limited. Here, we review the role of metformin and its potential to reduce cardiovascular events in the healthy elderly.
Local brainstem circuits contribute to reticulospinal output in the mouse

Glutamatergic reticulospinal neurons in the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GRN) of the medullary reticular formation can function as command neurons, transmitting motor commands to spinal cord circuits. Recent advances in our understanding of this neuron-dense region have been facilitated by the discovery of expression of the transcriptional regulator, Chx10, in excitatory reticulospinal neurons. Here, we address the capacity of local circuitry in the GRN to contribute to reticulospinal output. We define two sub-populations of Chx10-expressing neurons in this region, based on distinct electrophysiological properties and somata size (small and large), and show that these correspond to local interneurons and reticulospinal neurons, respectively. Using focal release of caged-glutamate combined with patch clamp recordings, we demonstrated that Chx10 neurons form microcircuits in which the Chx10 interneurons project to and facilitate the firing of Chx10 reticulospinal neurons. We discuss the implications of these microcircuits in terms of movement selection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reticulospinal neurons in the medullary reticular formation play a key role in movement. The transcriptional regulator Chx10 defines a population of glutamatergic neurons in this region, a proportion of which have been shown to be involved in stopping, steering, and modulating locomotion. While it has been shown that these neurons integrate descending inputs, we asked whether local processing also ultimately contributes to reticulospinal outputs. Here, we define Chx10-expressing medullary reticular formation interneurons and reticulospinal neurons, and demonstrate how the former modulate the output of the latter. The results shed light on the internal organization and microcircuit formation of reticular formation neurons.
Tracking the relation between gist and item memory over the course of long-term memory consolidation

Our experiences in the world support memories not only of specific episodes but also of the generalities (the ‘gist’) across related experiences. It remains unclear how these two types of memories evolve and influence one another over time. 173 human participants encoded spatial locations from a distribution and reported both item memory (specific locations) and gist memory (center for the locations) across one to two months. After one month, gist memory was preserved relative to item memory, despite a persistent positive correlation between them. Critically, item memories were biased towards the gist over time; however, with a spatial outlier item, the local center excluding the outlier became the source of bias, instead of the reported center overweighting the outlier. Our results suggest that the extraction of gist is sensitive to the regularities of items, and that the gist starts to guide item memories over longer durations as their relative strengths change.
Promoting quality education by addressing ethical challenges in high school football at circuit level in Durban, South Africa

The sport of football, also commonly referred to as soccer in South Africa, has become a socio-cultural phenomenon and its popularity manifests itself in school football. The study aimed to identify ethical challenges in high school football at circuit level in Durban, South Africa, in order to promote quality education. A phenomenological paradigm, drawing on a qualitative research approach, was used. A purposive sample of 16 high school football coaches and administrators from a particular region, or circuit, were selected to participate in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. All interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis, and an inductive approach was used to identify patterns in the collected data by employing thematic analysis. Age cheating and identity document fraud were perceived as the leading ways unethical leadership in the circuit facilitates cheating. The study also found that the environment in which school football operates in the circuit is not conducive to promoting ethical leadership. This study highlighted that governmental structures should focus on ethics and leadership in school football, thereby ensuring quality education. This study has shown that ethical leadership is a key contributor to the holistic development and socialisation of learners.
Causal Factors and Symptoms of Task-Related Human Fatigue in Vessel Traffic Service: A Task-Driven Approach

Human fatigue is a major risk factor in transportation that contributes, directly or indirectly, to a large number of traffic accidents. Though many studies have investigated fatigue-inducing factors in transportation to manage human fatigue more efficiently, there are limited studies related to vessel traffic service (VTS). To fill this gap, this work aims to determine the key causal factors and symptoms of human fatigue with a focus on VTS operations. Achieving this aim is hindered by the problems of no standard definition of task-related fatigue and limited data sources. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel definition of task-related human fatigue, a task-driven approach for identifying causal factors and a causal network-based approach for selecting key causal factors. Twelve key causal factors of human fatigue in VTS were identified and analysed. In addition, it was found that VTS operators suffered from multidimensional fatigue, especially physical fatigue. The results provide a foundation and future directions for designing interventions to manage human fatigue.
Interspecific Burrow Sharing between Mammals in Countryside in Japan

Abstract. In Japan, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) have been observed using burrows made by Japanese badgers (Meles anakuma). However, basic information, including how and when the species share the burrows, is scarce. In this study, a camera trap was set at a burrow entrance used by badgers, and different mammals that used the burrow were investigated. Burrow uses by six identified mammalian species and unidentified species from two mammal groups (rodents and bats) were confirmed. The capture frequency of rodents increased, when that of three Carnivora species decreased. Accordingly, rodents might use the burrow selectively during seasons when carnivore usage of the burrow was low. Raccoon dogs, red foxes, and Japanese badgers showed considerable searching behavior, the frequency of which differed significantly among these species. Raccoon dogs and red foxes seemed to avoid contact with Japanese badgers by performing more searching than badgers. Therefore, the mammals engaged in interspecific burrow sharing are likely to exhibit temporal differentiation.