Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invisible and Insecure in Rural America: Cultivating Dignity in Local Food Security Initiatives

The United States’ neoliberal approach to governance promotes structural inequalities that shape individuals’ sense of dignity. We employ qualitative in-depth interviews and ethnographic field study to examine dignity construction via daily experiences with food access and foodways. Situating our study within a rural Oklahoma community with high food insecurity rates, we ask: How does structural inequality impact individuals’ daily experiences with dignity construction? How is a sense of dignity influenced by daily experiences with food access and foodways within the context of community-based food initiatives? We address structural inequality and the resulting social hierarchy of food security, focusing on three overlapping social arenas—relational, individual, and institutional. Relational interactions in food access spaces promote dignity when interactions are characterized by symmetrical social encounters. Dignity in the individual arena centers on foodways, cultural or familial traditions, and role-taking as a food provider. In the institutional arena, dignity is influenced by structures and operational approaches. Our research contributes to literatures informing policies and strategies employed by community-led, rights-based food aid systems in advanced capitalist nations. Efforts prioritize and promote human dignity, despite neoliberal, advanced capitalist governments’ failure to address structural inequalities as a root cause of food insecurity.
A standardisation framework for bio‐logging data to advance ecological research and conservation

Bio‐logging data obtained by tagging animals are key to addressing global conservation challenges. However, the many thousands of existing bio‐logging datasets are not easily discoverable, universally comparable, nor readily accessible through existing repositories and across platforms, slowing down ecological research and effective management. A set of universal standards is needed to ensure discoverability, interoperability and effective translation of bio‐logging data into research and management recommendations. We propose a standardisation framework adhering to existing data principles (FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable; and TRUST: Transparency, Responsibility, User focus, Sustainability and Technology) and involving the use of simple templates to create a data flow from manufacturers and researchers to compliant repositories, where automated procedures should be in place to prepare data availability into four standardised levels: (a) decoded raw data, (b) curated data, (c) interpolated data and (d) gridded data. Our framework allows for integration of simple tabular arrays (e.g. csv files) and creation of sharable and interoperable network Common Data Form (netCDF) files containing all the needed information for accuracy‐of‐use, rightful attribution (ensuring data providers keep ownership through the entire process) and data preservation security. We show the standardisation benefits for all stakeholders involved, and illustrate the application of our framework by focusing on marine animals and by providing examples of the workflow across all data levels, including filled templates and code to process data between levels, as well as templates to prepare netCDF files ready for sharing. Adoption of our framework will facilitate collection of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in support of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and inter‐governmental assessments (e.g. the World Ocean Assessment), and will provide a starting point for broader efforts to establish interoperable bio‐logging data formats across all fields in animal ecology.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Myocardial Infarction Patients at Cardiac Center, Ethiopia

Introduction. Myocardial infarction is the most frequent manifestation of coronary heart disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The sudden and often profound physiological and psychological effect of the acute onset of myocardial infarction hurts the health-related quality of life. Objective. To assess health-related quality of life and associated factors among myocardial infarction patients at Cardiac Center, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 to June 25, 2020, at the Cardiac Center-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The sample consisted of 421 myocardial infarction patients. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire by using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Samples were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. The linear regression analysis model was fitted using SPSS 26 and STATA 14, and the unstandardized beta (𝛽) coefficient with a 95% confidence interval was used. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results. The mean score of the overall health-related quality of life was found to be 49.29 ± 14.83 , and the mean score for the physical domain was 47.96 ± 16.50 ; for the psychological domain, it was 50.91 ± 16.07 , and for environmental and social relationship domains, it was 48.30 ± 16.54 and 52.02 ± 24.61 , respectively. In the multiple regression analysis, increased age, living in a rural area, heart failure, and hypertension were inversely associated with overall health-related quality of life, while secondary and higher education were associated with better overall health-related quality of life. Conclusion. Patients with myocardial infarction at Cardiac Center, Ethiopia, had lower health-related quality of life. Hence, the finding of this study suggests the implementation of a cardiac rehabilitation program and comprehensive service given by healthcare providers.
Rorqual Lunge-Feeding Energetics Near and Away from the Kinematic Threshold of Optimal Efficiency

Abstract Humpback and blue whales are large baleen-bearing cetaceans, which use a unique prey-acquisition strategy—lunge feeding—to engulf entire patches of large plankton or schools of forage fish and the water in which they are embedded. Dynamically, and while foraging on krill, lunge-feeding incurs metabolic expenditures estimated at up to 20.0 MJ. Because of prey abundance and its capture in bulk, lunge feeding is carried out at high acquired-to-expended energy ratios of up to 30 at the largest body sizes (∼27 m). We use bio-logging tag data and the work-energy theorem to show that when krill-feeding at depth while using a wide range of prey approach swimming speeds (2–5 m/s), rorquals generate significant and widely varying metabolic power output during engulfment, typically ranging from 10 to 50 times the basal metabolic rate of land mammals. At equal prey field density, such output variations lower their feeding efficiency two- to three-fold at high foraging speeds, thereby allowing slow and smaller rorquals to feed more efficiently than fast and larger rorquals. The analysis also shows how the slowest speeds of harvest so far measured may be connected to the biomechanics of the buccal cavity and the prey’s ability to collectively avoid engulfment. Such minimal speeds are important as they generate the most efficient lunges. Sommaire Les rorquals à bosse et rorquals bleus sont des baleines à fanons qui utilisent une technique d’alimentation unique impliquant une approche avec élan pour engouffrer de larges quantités de plancton et bancs de petits poissons, ainsi que la masse d’eau dans laquelle ces proies sont situés. Du point de vue de la dynamique, et durant l’approche et engouffrement de krill, leurs dépenses énergétiques sont estimées jusqu’à 20.0 MJ. À cause de l’abondance de leurs proies et capture en masse, cette technique d’alimentation est effectuée à des rapports d’efficacité énergétique (acquise -versus- dépensée) estimés aux environs de 30 dans le cas des plus grandes baleines (27 m). Nous utilisons les données recueillies par des capteurs de bio-enregistrement ainsi que le théorème reliant l’énergie à l’effort pour démontrer comment les rorquals s’alimentant sur le krill à grandes profondeurs, et à des vitesses variant entre 2 et 5 m/s, maintiennent des taux de dépenses énergétiques entre 10 et 50 fois le taux métabolique basal des mammifères terrestres. À densités de proies égales, ces variations d’énergie utilisée peuvent réduire le rapport d’efficacité énergétique par des facteurs entre 2x et 3x, donc permettant aux petits et plus lents rorquals de chasser avec une efficacité comparable à celle des rorquals les plus grands et rapides. Notre analyse démontre aussi comment des vitesses d’approche plus lentes peuvent être reliées à la biomécanique de leur poche ventrale extensible, et à l’habilitée des proies à éviter d’être engouffrer. Ces minimums de vitesses sont importants car ils permettent une alimentation plus efficace énergétiquement.
Statistical Challenges in Agent-Based Modeling

Abstract Agent-based models (ABMs) are popular in many research communities, but few statisticians have contributed to their theoretical development. They are models like any other models we study, but in general, we are still learning how to fit ABMs to data and how to make quantified statements of uncertainty about the outputs of an ABM. ABM validation is also an underdeveloped area that is ripe for new statistical developments. In what follows, we lay out the research space and encourage statisticians to address the many research issues in the ABM ambit.
Inclusion complexes of norepinephrine with β-cyclodextrin, 18-crown-6 and cucurbit[7]uril: experimental and molecular dynamics study

The formation of binary and ternary inclusion complexes of norepinephrine, NP, with β-cyclodextrin (βCD), cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and 18-crown-6 (18C6) have been investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the enhancement of emission at around 312 nm from NP in the presence of βCD. However, in the presence of CB7 and 18C6 this band was quenched and the spectra exhibited an excimer emission at longer wavelength due to aggregation of guest molecules. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes has been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealing the presence of binary and ternary complexes of NP with the hosts studied. On the other hand, the solid complexes prepared by lyophilization were characterized by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray crystallography. Our data, taken together, clearly suggest that the three hosts form stable complexes with NP. Additionally, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on these complexes in aqueous media for 15–20 ns. The results obtained indicated that hydrophobic forces together with extensive hydrogen bonding are responsible for the stability of these complexes.
Immigration Threat, Partisanship, and Democratic Citizenship: Evidence from the US, UK, and Germany

Politicians and media frequently invoke immigration threats to shape public opinion. But how do outgroup threat frames affect norms of citizenship, including behavior, liberal value commitments, and national belonging? This paper presents evidence from an embedded vignette survey experiment in three immigrant-receiving societies: United States, United Kingdom, and Germany. I find immigration threats are filtered through partisanship in polarized settings, and asymmetrically affect norms of “good citizenship” among individuals on the partisan left. However, we see variation within this group: Democrats (US) de-value norms of behavior, like voting and being informed, while Labor supports (UK) repudiate liberal norms like tolerance and rally around national belonging. By contrast, in Germany, we observe more consensus in citizenship norm responses. The strong effect of immigration threat framing on the partisan left brings our attention to the strategic use of immigration discourse to move traditionally sympathetic citizens away from democratic civic ideals.
The Need for Multi-Sectoral Partnerships in the Healthcare of Islamic Developing Countries During the Coronavirus Pandemic

Nowadays, the field of healthcare is facing difficult issues in a way that both public and private sectors are fully aware of their inability to address emerging public health-related issues without the help of the other sector. Accordingly, public-private partnerships are put on the agenda in policy-related issues as a mechanism of cooperation between the public and private sectors to take into account the interests of both parties in the related contracts . From the late of 2019, the world is struggling with a new virus called the coronavirus, which has already cost a lot to the health sector. The partnership between the government and the private sector is very important to get through the corona period since the government alone cannot be responsible for the negative effects of the virus in the field of health. Considering the successes and failures of countries in the implementation of partnership models, a question arises as to how such partnerships for health development strategies can be attractive and effective in developing Islamic countries. In addition to the review of theoretical foundations of the subject and examining the development process of public-private partnerships, the study emphasizes the use of the third sector capacities. It further reviews the endowments and charitable affairs in the framework of multi-sectoral partnerships to develop health in the community with all available potentiality. The theoretical framework of the research includes the four steps of policy-making in the country, creating common perspectives among stakeholders, ensuring key success factors in the project, and reviewing the achievements of participation are considered. These policies are described after classifying and reconstructing the components in the research literature.
Determinants of Dietary Practice among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Institution based cross-sectional study

Objectives Dietary management is considered to be one of the cornerstones of diabetes care. There is a lack of data on the dietary practice of diabetic patients, which underestimates its role in the management of diabetes. Hence, this study assessed the level of dietary practices and their associated factors among Type2 diabetic patients in Hawassa city, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. Results Nearly forty-seven percent (46.8%) of the patients had poor knowledge about diabetes. More than half of the respondents (54.5%) were overweight and obese. The levels of dietary practice among 171 (44.2%) type 2 diabetic patients were poor. Very low monthly income [AOR = 4.87; 95% CI :(1.20-19.81], taking insulin regimen [AOR = 2.36; 95% CI :(1.13–4.91)], taking both insulin injection and oral medication [AOR = 11.26; 95% CI: (3.05–41.54)], not getting DM education in hospital [AOR = 2.72; 95% CI :( 1.08–6.85)], despondency [AOR = 3.71; 95% CI:(1.39–9.89), lack of support from family and friends about dietary plan [AOR = 5.64;95% CI (2.66,11.92)], unavailability of fruits and vegetables[AOR = 3.04;95% CI:(1.11–8.34)] were the factors significantly associated with the poor dietary practice.
The Mother-Daughter Body Image Connection: The Perceived Role of Mothers’ Thoughts, Words, and Actions

ABSTRACT This study explored whether daughters’ perceptions of their mother’s weight-related attitudes, communication, or actions were most strongly associated with their body image issues. The results revealed that daughters’ perceptions of their mother’s frequency of fat talk (communication) and her enactment of extreme weight-loss behaviors (actions) are important factors in both daughters’ body dissatisfaction and motivation to lose weight. Mothers’ fat talk appears to have the possibility to be especially detrimental, even more so than their extreme weight-loss behaviors. Given these findings, mothers are encouraged to be especially mindful of their critical language regarding their own bodies.
Comparison of the effect of oral pregabalin with intravenous ketamine on reducing acute pain after abdominal hysterectomy: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of pregabalin and ketamine on reducing pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, one hundred forty ASA I and II patients of age range 30-60 years scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy undergoing general anesthesia in 2018, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Pregabalin group received 300 mg oral pregabalin, ketamine group received 0.3 mg/kg of intravenous ketamine, and pregabalin- ketamine group received the combination of the two-above medication, and placebo group received the placebo and saline. Patients were evaluated for pain intensity according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) at 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery. Also, the need for analgesic drugs and the frequency of repetitions were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA, Version 14. A p- value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the pregabalin and pregabalin-ketamine groups, pain in the first 6 hours after the end of operation was significantly less than the other two groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 4 groups at 18 and 24 hours after surgery. The need for analgesic medications in the pregabalin group was lower than in other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the administration of oral pregabalin with and without intravenous ketamine before abdominal hysterectomy can decrease postoperative pain and reduce the need for analgesia.
Effects of interactions between transient granular flows and macroscopically rough beds and their implications for bulk flow dynamics

Steep-creek beds are macroscopically rough. This roughness causes channelised flow material to decelerate and dissipate energy, which are accounted for by depth-averaged mobility models (DMM). However, practical DMM implementations do not explicitly account for grain-scale basal interactions which influence macroscopic flow dynamics. In this study, we model flows using physical tests with smooth and macroscopically rough bases, and hence evaluate Discrete Element Method (DEM) and DMM models. A scaling effect is identified relating to roughened beds: increasing the number of grains per unit depth tends to suppress dispersion, such that small-scale flows on smooth beds resemble large-scale flows on roughened beds, at least in terms of bulk density. Furthermore, the DEM shows that rougher beds reduce the peak bulk density by up to 15% compared to a smooth bed. Rough beds increase the vertical momentum transfer tenfold, compared to smooth ones. The DMM cannot account for density change or vertical momentum, so DMM flow depths are underestimated by 90% at the flow front and 20% in the body. The Voellmy model implicitly captures internal energy dissipation for flows on rough beds. The parameter ξ can allow velocity reductions due to rough beds observed in the DEM to be captured.
Intelligent stimuli-responsive nano immunomodulators for cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy is a revolutionary treatment method in oncology, which uses a human's own immune system against cancer. Many immunomodulators that trigger an immune response have been developed and applied in cancer immunotherapy. However, there is the risk of causing an excessive immune response upon directly injecting common immunomodulators into the human body to trigger an immune response. Therefore, the development of intelligent stimuli-responsive immunomodulators to elicit controlled immune responses in cancer immunotherapy is of great significance. Nanotechnology offers the possibility of designing smart nanomedicine to amplify the antitumor response in a safe and effective manner. Progress relating to intelligent stimuli-responsive nano immunomodulators for cancer immunotherapy is highlighted as a new creative direction in the field. Considering the clinical demand for cancer immunotherapy, we put forward some suggestions for constructing new intelligent stimuli-responsive nano immunomodulators, which will advance the development of cancer immunotherapy.
Improving the Representation of Long‐Term Storage Variations With Conceptual Hydrological Models in Data‐Scarce Regions

In the Luangwa basin in Zambia, long‐term total water storage variations were observed with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, but not reproduced by a standard conceptual hydrological model that encapsulates our current understanding of the dominant regional hydrological processes. The objective of this study was to identify potential processes underlying these low‐frequency variations through combined data analysis and model hypothesis testing. First, we analyzed the effect of data uncertainty by contrasting observed storage variations with multi‐annual estimates of precipitation and evaporation from multiple data sources. Second, we analyzed four different combinations of model forcing and evaluated their skill to reproduce the observed long‐term storage variations. Third, we formulated alternative model hypotheses for groundwater export to potentially explain low‐frequency storage variations. Overall, the results suggest that the initial model's inability to reproduce the observed low‐frequency storage variations was partly due to the forcing data used and partly due to the missing representation of regional groundwater export. More specifically, the choice of data source affected the model's ability to reproduce annual maximum storage fluctuations, whereas the annual minima improved by adapting the model structure to allow for groundwater export from a deeper groundwater layer. This suggests that, in contrast to previous research, conceptual models can reproduce long‐term storage fluctuations if a suitable model structure is used. Overall, the results highlight the value of alternative data sources and iterative testing of model structural hypotheses to improve runoff predictions in a poorly gauged basin leading to enhanced understanding of its hydrological processes.
Anisotropy Gradients in the Middle of the Ross Sea Embayment, West Antarctica: Evidence From QL Scattered Surface Waves

Long‐period quasi‐Love (QL) waves in West Antarctica were detected using the band‐pass filtering. Rayleigh waves from March 11, 2011 Tohoku Mw 9.1 earthquake and March 9, 2011 Tohoku Mw 7.3 earthquake had evident QL waves in the frequency range of 7–13 mHz when crossing the Ross Sea Embayment (RSE), while exhibiting normal behavior when crossing the Southern Ocean adjacent to the RSE. We located an anisotropic boundary in the upper mantle beneath the RSE according to the QL waves. Surprisingly, the boundary was consistent with the sharp transition zone of magnetic anomalies discovered by the most recent airborne magnetic surveys. Thus, we speculate that the anisotropic boundary was most likely due to vertical mantle flow below the RSE, which may provide evidence of a vertically coherent boundary condition in the RSE. That anisotropic boundary may be an important tectonic imprint for maintaining the stability of the Ross Ice Shelf.