Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between the turbidity parameter and ELISA for monitoring of Giardia lamblia , Cryptosporidium sp. e Entamoeba histolytica in samples of fresh water Associação entre o parâmetro de turbidez e o ELISA para monitoramento

This study aimed to evaluate the use of turbidity test and ELISA in monitoring the protozoa Giardialamblia , Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium sp, in water supply of the Guarani villages in Angra dos Reis (Sapukai) and Paraty (Rio Pequeno, Paraty Mirim, Araponga), RJ. It was collected 24 samples of surface water (raw water) and 24 reservoirs with chlorinated water. Turbidity was measured with portable turbidimeter field and laboratory testing was performed the immunosorbent essay for the test of antigens of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium sp. Out of the 17 positive samples in ELISA, 14 showed high turbidity, considering that three presented positive samples for Cryptosporidium sp. , with low turbidity. The results indicate an association of the measurement of turbidity with the use of laboratory techniques in the study of parasites in water. Abstract Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilizacao do teste de turbidez e do ELISA no monitoramento dos protozoarios Giardia lamblia , Entamoeba histolytica , Cryptosporidium sp. em agua de abastecimento de aldeias Guarani em Angra dos Reis (Sapukai) e Paraty (Rio Pequeno, Paraty Mirim, Araponga), RJ. Coletou-se 24 amostras de agua dos mananciais superficiais (agua bruta) e 24 de reservatorios com agua clorada. Mensurou-se a turbidez com turbidimetro portatil a campo e no laboratorio realizou-se o ensaio imunoenzimatico para pesquisa dos antigenos de Giardia lamblia , Entamoeba histolytica e Cryptosporidium sp. Das 17 amostras positivas, 14 apresentaram alta turbidez, mas destaca-se tres amostras positivas para Cryptosporidium sp. com baixa turbidez. Indica-se associacao da mensuracao da turbidez junto com o uso de tecnicas laboratoriais na pesquisa de parasitos em agua.
Problems in Ongoing Training to Employees in State Bank of Pakistan

Training and development is an ongoing process in the organization but this study is mainly focusing on the “problems in ongoing training to employees in State Bank of Pakistan”. It is the central bank of Pakistan that has established a full-fledged department, known as Training and development department for the desired purpose to impart useful and necessary training to its employees. This research work is supported by the interviews and previous literatures which are the main source of the study. The findings of the research highlighted the useful gaps between the strategy maker for training and development and the satisfaction level of the employee, in addition, indicate the complex procedure and their pros and cons. There are plenty of possible ways for future research, one of them is cross cultural studies and large sample size.
The Immunological and Migratory Properties of the Lymphocytes Recirculating Through the Rat Spleen

Abstract The great majority of the cells released by the isolated, perfused rat spleen were lymphocytes of which about 95 per cent were small lymphocytes. The rate of release of small lymphocytes from the spleen was independent of the prevailing concentration in the perfusate. The cells released by the spleen were immunologically competent in respect of a graft-versus-host reaction and a primary antibody response. They could also transfer secondary responsiveness to a viral antigen. Several spleen donors were given a continuous intravenous infusion of tritiated thymidine prior to spleen perfusion and the proportion of labelled small lymphocytes among the population released by the spleen was compared to the proportion in populations of small lymphocytes from other sources. The small lymphocytes released by the spleen recirculated from the blood to thoracic duct lymph after injection into a syngeneic recipient. Conversely the perfused spleen released thoracic duct small lymphocytes which had been given to the spleen donor 24 hr previously. It is therefore probable that a single population of recirculating small lymphocytes exists which migrates from the blood into both lymph-nodes and spleen. The release of small lymphocytes from the spleen was mostly at the expense of the lymphocyte content of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths.
Characterization and purification of osteogenic cells from murine bone marrow by two-color cell sorting using anti-Sca-1 monoclonal antibody and wheat germ agglutinin

Osteogenic cells were sorted from bone marrow of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)- treated mice based on light scatter characteristics, Sca-1 expression, and their binding to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Four sort gates were established using forward (FSC) and perpendicular (SSC) light scatter and were denominated as FSChigh SSClow, FSClow SSChigh, FSClow SSClow, and FSChigh SSChigh cell. Cells from the FSChigh SSChigh gate, but not from the other gates, synthesized alkaline phosphatase, collagen, and osteocalcin and formed a mineralized matrix in culture. The number of osteoprogenitor cells was significantly enriched after depleting the 5- FU bone marrow from cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage, eg, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages, and erythrocytes. Approximately 95% of the FSChigh SSChigh cell population of this “lineage-negative” (Lin-) marrow expressed the Sca-1 antigen (Sca-1+) and bound WGA. Three additional sort windows were established based on WGA binding intensity and were denominated as Sca-1+ WGAdull, Sca-1+ WGAmedium, and Sca-1+ WGAbright. Cells from the Sca-1+ WGAbright gate, but not from the other gates, synthesized bone proteins and formed a mineralized matrix. However, they lost this capacity upon subcultivation. Further immunophenotypic characterization showed that FSChigh SSChigh Lin- Sca-1+ WGAbright cells expressed stromal (KM16) and endothelial (Sab-1 and Sab-2) markers, but not hematopoietic surface markers such as c-kit and Thy1.2. Sorted FSChigh SSChigh Lin- Sca-1+ WGAbright cells form three-dimensional nodules that stain with the von Kossa technique and contain osteoblast and osteocyte-like cells.
Efectos de Purines de Chipaca ( Bidens pilosa L.) y de Microorganismos en la Incidencia y Severidad de Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary en Papa Criolla ( Solanum phureja ) Cultivada en Tenjo (Cundinamarca, Colombia)

In an organic farm of Tenjo (Cundinamarca, Colombia) the effect of various materials prepared from chipaca (Bidens pilosa) and microbial isolates, on the incidence and severity of P. infestans in potato (Solanum phureja) were studied using a completely randomized design (CRD) with subsampling and eight treatments: flowers slurry, mixed slurry; actinomycete AC 12 (Streptomyces sp.), mix actinomycetes; isolation bacterial (Bacillus subtilis ); mixed bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia cepacia); fungus (Geotrichum sp.) and a control (sterile distilled water). The results showed rapid disease incidence, which was evident at 36 days after planting (dap) and reached 100% involvement at 52 dap, with no differences between treatments. The severity was statistically different only in the treatment of “purin of flowers”, which differed significantly from the control treatment between 56 and 70 dap (27.8,% less) which strengthens results of previous tests as a potential biocontrol product. Lower percentages of severity versus control (not significant) were also obtained with the treatments “slurry mixture” and “mixed actinomycetes”, between 60 and 87 dap.
Role of Adenosine Signaling on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Zebrafish

Abstract Adenosine is a well-known endogenous modulator of neuronal excitability with anticonvulsant properties. Thus, the modulation exerted by adenosine might be an effective tool to control seizures. In this study, we investigated the effects of drugs that are able to modulate adenosinergic signaling on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in adult zebrafish. The adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) decreased the latency to the onset of the tonic-clonic seizure stage. The adenosine A1 receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) increased the latency to reach the tonic-clonic seizure stage. Both the adenosine A2A receptor agonist and antagonist, CGS 21680 and ZM 241385, respectively, did not promote changes in seizure parameters. Pretreatment with the ecto-5′nucleotidase inhibitor adenosine 5′-(α,β-methylene) diphosphate (AMPCP) decreased the latency to the onset of the tonic-clonic seizure stage. However, when pretreated with the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inh.
An atherogenic stimulus homocysteine inhibits cofactor activity of thrombomodulin and enhances thrombomodulin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Thrombomodulin plays a role as a cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C on endothelial cells. We examined the effect of homocysteine, a stimulant of atherosclerosis and thrombotic disease, on the cofactor activity and protein level of thrombomodulin and also on the expression of thrombomodulin in endothelial cells. Homocysteine inhibited the cofactor activity of thrombomodulin both on the surface of endothelial cells and in the whole cells dose- and time-dependently, and maximal inhibition of the cofactor activity occurred after a 3- to 6-hour incubation with 10 mmol/L homocysteine (10% of initial activity). Homocysteine also decreased the amount of intact (unreduced) thrombomodulin in endothelial cells. However, at the same condition the total protein level (reduced and unreduced form) of thrombomodulin, determined by dot immunoblot analysis using the monoclonal antibody that recognized both reduced and unreduced thrombomodulin, decreased slightly, and the mRNA level of thrombomodulin showed a twofold to three-fold increase. After 24 hours of incubation, the cofactor activity and total protein level of thrombomodulin were 60% and 165% of the initial values, respectively. When purified thrombomodulin fixed to a microwell plate was treated with homocysteine, both cofactor activity and thrombin-binding ability to the thrombomodulin were decreased in proportion to the concentration of homocysteine. These findings suggest that homocysteine directly inhibited the cofactor activity of thrombomodulin on endothelial cells by reducing the disulfide-bond rich epidermal growth factor-like structures of thrombomodulin. This would a result in the decrease of the antithrombotic property of endothelium and may also trigger off the synthesis of mRNA and protein of thrombomodulin to maintain the antithrombotic properties of the cells.
Flavonoids in health and disease

Occurrence and analysis: analysis and identification of flavonoids in practice phenolic acids in fruits flavonoids in medical plants. Chemical and biochemical properties: chemistry of flavonoids antioxidant properties of flavonoids, reduction potentials, and electron transfer reactions of flavonoid radicals flavonoid and metal interactions in biological systems inhibition of mitochondrial function by flavonoids. Antioxidant activities: structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and isoflavonoids structural aspects of antioxidant activity of flavonoids effects of flavonoids on the oxidation of low density lipoprotein flavonoids as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in membranes isoflavonoids as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation and quenchers of singlet oxygen. Nutritional studies: ginkgo biloba extract EG6 761 - biological actions, antioxidant activity, and regulation of nitric oxide synthase nutritional studies of flavonoids in wine nutrition of grape phenolics flavonoids and phenylpropanoids as contributors to the antioxidant activity of fruit juices pycnogenol. In Vivo effects: anti-cancer properties of flavonoids, with emphasis on citrus flavonoids quercetin in foods, cardiovascular disease, and cancer absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of flavonoids flavonoids and coronary heart disease-dietary perspectives.
Nonsense mutations in the human β-globin gene lead to unexpected levels of cytoplasmic mRNA accumulation

Generally, nonsense codons 50 bp or more upstream of the 3'-most intron of the human beta-globin gene reduce mRNA abundance. In contrast, dominantly inherited beta-thalassemia is frequently associated with nonsense mutations in the last exon. In this work, murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells were stably transfected with human beta-globin genes mutated within each of the 3 exons, namely at codons 15 (TGG-->TGA), 39 (C-->T), or 127 (C-->T). Primer extension analysis after erythroid differentiation induction showed codon 127 (C-->T) mRNA accumulated in the cytoplasm at approximately 20% of the normal mRNA level. Codon 39 (C-->T) mutation did not result in significant mRNA accumulation. Unexpectedly, codon 15 (TGG-->TGA) mRNA accumulated at approximately 90%. Concordant results were obtained when reticulocyte mRNA from 2 carriers for this mutation was studied. High mRNA accumulation of codon 15 nonsense-mutated gene was revealed to be independent of the type of nonsense mutation and the genomic background in which this mutation occurs. To investigate the effects of other nonsense mutations located in the first exon on the mRNA level, nonsense mutations at codons 5, 17, and 26 were also cloned and stably transfected into MEL cells. After erythroid differentiation induction, mRNAs with a mutation at codon 5 or 17 were detected at high levels, whereas the mutation at codon 26 led to low mRNA levels. These findings suggest that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay is not exclusively dependent on the localization of mutations relative to the 3'-most intron. Other factors may also contribute to determine the cytoplasmic nonsense-mutated mRNA level in erythroid cells. (Blood. 2000;96:2895-2901)
Role of Src in the Modulation of Multiple Adaptor Proteins in FcRI Oxidant Signaling

Cross-linking of Fc receptors for IgA, FcalphaR (CD89), on monocytes/macrophages is known to enhance phagocytic activity and generation of oxygen free radicals. We provide evidence here that the FcalphaR signals through the gamma subunit of FcepsilonRI in U937 cells differentiated with interferon gamma (IFNgamma). Our results provide the first evidence that FcalphaR-mediated signals modulate a multimolecular adaptor protein complex containing Grb2, Shc, SHIP, CrkL, Cbl, and SLP-76. Cross-linking of FcalphaRI using anti-FcalphaRI induces the phosphorylation of the gamma subunit as detected by mobility retardation on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Stimulation of FcalphaRI induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and increased the association of Grb2 with Shc and CrkL. Grb2 associates constitutively with Sos, and the latter undergoes mobility shift upon FcalphaRI stimulation. The complex adapter proteins, Cbl and SLP-76, are physically associated in myeloid cells and both proteins undergo tyrosine phosphorylation upon FcalphaR stimulation. These data indicate that the stimulation of FcalphaR results in the modulation of adaptor complexes containing tyrosine-phosphorylated Cbl, Shc, SHIP, Grb2, and Crkl. Experiments performed with the Src kinase inhibitor, PP1, provide the first evidence that Src kinase activation is required for FcalphaRI-induced production of superoxide anions and provide insight into the mechanism for FcalphaR-mediated activation of downstream oxidant signaling in myeloid cells.
Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed and the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms

SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) and the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) were asked to deliver a scientific opinion on Ronozyme ® NP for chickens for fattening. The additive Ronozyme ® NP is a preparation of 6-phytase produced by a genetically modified strain of the micro-organism Aspergillus oryzae. It is intended to be used in feed for chickens for fattening at a dose range of 1500-3000 FYT kg -1 complete feed.
Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex in cultured cells. Localization in focal adhesion sites in spreading HEL cells

A panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) was raised that react with platelet glycoproteins (GP) IIb or IIIa. On immunofluorescence, the MoAbs reacted with 30% to 40% of the human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. When the HEL cells were induced to spread on fibronectin in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the MoAbs reacted with the focal adhesion sites. Only some of the GPIIIa MoAbs reacted with cells other than platelets, megakaryocytes, or HEL cells, and these showed focal adhesion sites in cultured human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells from normal kidney tubules. They did not react, however, with transformed fibroblasts, fibrosarcoma cells, cultured cells from hypernephromas, or cultured human amnion epithelial cells. The results suggest that the platelet-type GPIIb/IIIa complex is only expressed in cells showing an ability to define megakaryoblastic differentiation. Localization of the GPIIb/IIIa complex at the induced focal adhesion sites in HEL cells and localization of the GPIIIa-like molecules in other cells suggest their direct role in the adhesion process and in the actomyocin organization of adherent cells.
Caracterización Faneróptica Y Morfológica De La Hembra Ovina De Pelo Criollo (Camura) Colombiana, En La Sub Región Sabanas Y Golfo De Morrosquillo Departamento De Sucre

In order to study the body conformation of Creoles hair sheep (Camura), 311 females older than 2 years of age and not gravid was taken of a random sample of belonging to eigth farms located in Savannas and Gulf of Morrosquillo sub-region in Sucre department, during the months of January to March 2011; animals with morphological and physiological defects were not considered. Faneroptica and morphological characteristics were the basis of the study, evaluating qualitative variables such as coat color, mucous pigmentation, hooves and udder, croup like slope, head profile, ears position and size, depth udder and neck size, which were recorded on field cards. The controls for each of the qualitative variables were performed using direct observation and photographic images for the description of coat color. Descriptive statistic, based on distribution frequency tables, was used to evaluate the qualitative variables. In sheep of this breed predominated brown color, with black shades, mucous dark nasal, carmelites hooves, shallow udder and un pigmented, sloping rump, long neck, head profile straight, horizontal ears and sizes ranging from small and medium. Corporal weight was 30.2  5.5 kg. It is concluded that the female-CAMURA Colombian Creole sheep show consistent body morphology for meat production, along with those who allow proper locomotion under extensive systems, maintaining a good adaptation to the environmental conditions to which exposed.
Plans d'Expériences Optimaux : Un Exposé Didactique

This paper is a didactic article on the optimal experimental designs, primarily for the linear models. Its objective is to give the definitions and the methods of construction of the principal optimal plans met, with a lighting based on very simple examples. The public concerned is initially that of the engineers of research who wish to improve their experimental approach, relatively to experimental problems characterized by constraints of various types. Mots-clés : Plans d’expériences, optimalité, régression, didactique.
Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screening of Cognitive Impairment in The Elderly

This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly. The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated. There were 241 subjects aged 60 years or above enrolled in this study, including 107 adults with cognitive abilities in normal range, 107 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 27 patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD). The AUC of FCT for detection of cognitive impairment (MCI and mild AD) was 0.885 (95% CI 0.838 to 0.922). The sensitivity and specificity of FCT for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment were 80.6% and 84.11 %, respectively. FCT’s diagnostic performance was superior to that of MMSE in the same cohort. Mean completion time of FCT was 339.9 ± 67.7 seconds (5-6 min). In addition, a conversion table between scores on the FCT and MMSE was created. Further, the FCT scores were positively correlated with hippocampal volumes. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages.
Astragalus Polysaccharide Extends Lifespan via Mitigating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

The traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been widely used to improve glucose homeostasis and immunoregulator properties. In recent years, it has also been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, our study shows that APS could significantly extend adult stage, mean, and maximum lifespan of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and increase body weight without affecting food intake and fecundity. Meanwhile, the activities of glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase are significantly enhanced, and the reaction oxygen species content is reduced concomitantly. Moreover, the activity of lysozyme is increased dramatically. In addition, APS rescues the shortened lifespan by Bacillus thuringiensis infection in silkworm. Furthermore, the transcription of the crucial genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress is upregulated upon the endoplasmic reticulum stress stimulation. APS also significantly ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in silkworm cell line and in vivo. Together, the results of this study indicate that APS can prolong the silkworm lifespan by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of APS-induced lifespan extension and highlights the importance of the silkworm as an experimental animal for evaluating the effects and revealing the mechanisms in lifespan extension of traditional Chinese medicine.
Towards a Hybrid Encoding of Constraint Satisfaction Problems

In this paper, we propose a hybrid encoding of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) to propositional logic (especially SAT and PB). There have been proposed several encodings of CSPs to propositional logic, such as direct encoding, order encoding, and binary encoding. However, each of these encodings has its pros and cons. For example, the order encoding which is used in a SAT-based constraint solver Sugar, showed a good performance on many problem instances, but it can not be applied to CSP instances with very large domain size. On the other hand, the binary encoding is applicable to those large instances, but the generated SAT instances take more time to be solved than the order encoded instances in general. The hybrid encoding proposed in this paper mixes the order and binary encodings so that it can be applied to very large instances while it keeps the good performance of the order encoding for small instances. We evaluated the performance of the proposed hybrid encoding with our implementation named Hysca. In our evaluation using 1453 instances of the 2009 CSP solver competition, Hysca succeeded to solve 1075 instances, which is 56 more than the order encoding, and 53 more than the binary