Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jeux des gendarmes et du voleur dans les graphes. Mineurs de graphes, stratgies connexes, et approche distribue. (Graph searching and related problems. Graph Minors, connected search strategies, and distributed approach)

Les jeux des gendarmes et du voleur dans les graphes traitent de la capture d'un voleur qui se deplace dans un reseau par une equipe de gendarmes. Ces jeux trouvent leurs motivations en informatique fondamentale, notamment dans le cadre de la theorie de la complexite et dans celui de la theorie des mineurs de graphes. Ces jeux ont egalement des applications en intelligence artificielle et en robotique. Quel que soit le contexte, le nombre de gendarmes utilises a un cout et doit etre minimise. Dans cette these, nous etudions diverses contraintes auxquelles les strategies de capture sont soumises, ainsi que le cout de ces contraintes en terme de nombre de gendarmes. Nous distinguons principalement trois cadres d'etude. Dans la premiere partie de cette these, nous definissons une variante de strategie de capture qui etablit un pont entre la largeur arborescente et la largeur lineaire des graphes. En particulier, nous prouvons la monotonie de cette variante generale et donnons un algorithme exponentiel exact pour calculer de telles strategies. Dans la seconde partie de cette these, nous nous interessons aux strategies dites connexes qui doivent assurer que la partie propre du reseau est constamment connexe. Nous prouvons plusieurs bornes superieures et inferieures du cout de cette contrainte en terme de nombre de gendarmes. Nous etudions egalement la propriete de monotonie des strategies de capture connexe. Dans la troisieme partie de cette these, nous etudions les strategies de capture dans un contexte decentralise. Nous proposons plusieurs algorithmes decentralises qui permettent aux gendarmes de calculer eux-memes la strategie qu'ils doivent realiser.
PTPN22 and CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms in resected thymomas and thymus for myasthenia gravis

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of striated muscle tissue mediated by autoantibodies. MG is often treated with thymectomy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor 22 (PTPN22) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) have recently been found to be the genes that predispose to autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms of PTPN22 and CTLA‐4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in resected thymomas and thymuses in MG remain unclear.
Muller C-elements based on minority-3 functions for ultra low voltage supplies

Multiobjective optimization taking area, power consumption and robustness into account was used to pick two implementations of the minority-3 function as building blocks to implement Muller C-elements. According to our simulations, the generally better among the two implementations was a 12 transistor implementation based on a 10 transistor minority-3 gate, when compared to a 24 transistor implementation based on 2-input nand, 2-input nor and invert functions. For room temperature and a supply voltage of 150mV, the simulated delays for the 12T and 24T implementations were 16.2 µs and 18.5 µs, respectively. The mean static power consumption figures were for the same conditions 2.6pW and 7.4pW, for the 12T and 24T implementations respectively. Switching energy was also simulated for a 150mV supply voltage. The switching energy for the 12T version of the Muller C-element was almost 44% lower compared to the 24T implementation. We also report delay, power and energy for a supply voltage of 300mV.
Effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on progression of carotid intima-media thickness and incidence of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: a meta-analysis

BACkGRouND: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Little is known whether alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (alpha-GIs) can prevent the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) or the incidence of diabetes, and whether they have any effect on inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) in IGT patients. oBjECTIVE: To perform a systematic review on the effect of acarbose on carotid IMT, incidence of diabetes and CRP in patients with IGT. METhoDS AND RESulTS: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acarbose with control group in prediabetes patients was conducted. Eleven RCTs with 2699 patients were included. Alpha-GI therapy was associated with a significant reduction in progression of carotid IMT (weighted mean difference –0.12 mm [95% CI –0.20 mm to –0.04 mm]; P<0.004). It was also associated with decrease in progression of diabetes (OR=0.46 [95% CI 0.33 to 0.65]; P<0.00001) and a significant reduction in serum CRP (weighted mean difference –1.34 mg/L [95% CI –1.91 mg/L to –0.77 mg/L]; P<0.00001). CoNCluSIoN: The present study suggests that alpha-GI therapy in IGT patients inhibits the progression of diabetes and carotid IMT. The underlying mechanism for preventing carotid IMT progression may be through reducing inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP. More RCTs still need to be carried out to further understand the effect of alpha-GIs on atherosclerosis.
Determination of continuous complex refractive index dispersion of biotissue based on internal reflection

Abstract. The complex refractive index dispersion (CRID), which contains the information on the refractive index dispersion and extinction coefficient spectra, is an important optical parameter of biotissue. However, it is hard to perform the CRID measurement on biotissues due to their high scattering property. Continuous CRID measurement based on internal reflection (CCRIDM-IR) is introduced. By using a lab-made apparatus, internal reflectance spectra of biotissue samples at multiple incident angles were detected, from which the continuous CRIDs were calculated based on the Fresnel formula. Results showed that in 400- to 750-nm range, hemoglobin solution has complicated dispersion and extinction coefficient spectra, while other biotissues have normal dispersion properties, and their extinction coefficients do not vary much with different wavelengths. The normal dispersion can be accurately described by several coefficients of dispersion equations (Cauchy equation, Cornu equation, and Conrady equation). To our knowledge, this is the first time that the continuous CRID of scattering biotissue over a continuous spectral region is measured, and we hereby have proven that CCRIDM-IR is a good method for continuous CRID research of biotissue.
Residual effects of fertilizer application on growth and yield of two cassava varieties in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of application and residues of organomineral and NPK fertilizers on two cassava varieties in a tropical alfisol in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Five Organomineral Fertilizer (OF) rates (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 6.0 t/ha), NPK 15-15-15 at 600 kg/ha and no fertilizer (control) treatments as subplots were evaluated on the performance of TMS 30572 and TMS 92/0326 planted at 10,000 plants per hectare as main plots. Fertilizer was applied at planting using a split plot arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. After harvest at 12 Months After Planting (MAP), cassava was replanted in-situ with minimum soil disturbance, without fertilizer application to assess the residual effects of previously applied treatments. Fertilizer application significantly increased cassava root yield but had no significant influence on plant growth parameters and number of storage roots per plant. Yield obtained with NPK application was similar to those obtained with various OF rates. Residues of OF applied at 2.5 to 6.0 t/ha produced yields similar to those of previous application. Fresh and dry root yields of NPK and control treatments were significantly low. The optimum OF rate (2.5 t/ha) is capable of producing optimum cassava root yields in two consecutive cropping seasons.
Effect of Diet on Adhesion and Invasion of Microflora in the Intestinal Mucosa of Chicks 1 2

Summary Compared to chicks fed a diet containing corn, those fed a diet containing rye showed significantly lower growth that was ameliorated by antibiotic supplement to the diet. Adhesion of aerobes (excluding coliforms) and anaerobes to the intestinal wall was indicated in the chicks fed the diet containing rye which was reduced by penicillin supplementation. There was no mortality in chicks fed diets containing corn or rye, whereas the poorest growth and a very high mortality resulted in chicks fed diets containing raw beans. Such adverse effects were alleviated by dietary antibiotic supplement. High numbers of aerobes, mainly coliforms, were found adhered to the mucosal wall of the chicks fed diets containing raw beans, and E. coli and S. fecalis organisms were isolated from their kidneys. Autoclaving the beans greatly improved growth, reduced mortality, and caused no adhesion of intestinal aerobes to the mucosal wall. A penicillin supplement to the diet resulted in further improvement of growth and reduction of mortality.
Transcranial direct current stimulation and stroke recovery: opportunities and challenges

Objectives: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one type of neuromodulation, which is an emerging technology that holds promise for the future studies on therapeutic and diagnosis applications in treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, there is a serious question among developing countries with limited financial and human resources, about the potential returns of an investment in this field and regarding the best time to transfer this technology from controlled experimental settings to health systems in the public and private sectors. This article reviews the tDCS as tools of neuromodulation for stroke and discusses the opportunities and challenges available for clinicians and researchers interested in advancing neuromodulation therapy. The aim of this review is to highlight the usefulness of tDCS and to generate an interest that will lead to appropriate studies that assess the true clinical value of tDCS for brain diseases in developing countries. Methods: Literature review was done on PubMed from 2016 on neuromodulation in under-developed countries (UDCs) by non-invasive brain stimulation methods, using the key words “stroke”, “rehabilitation”, and “tDCS”. Results: We first identified articles and websites, of which were further selected for extensive analysis mainly based on clinical relevance, study quality and reliability, and date of publication. Conclusion: Despite the promising results obtained with tDCS in basic and clinical neuroscience, further progress has been impeded by a lack of clarity to use in mostly UDCs. R E V I E W A R T I C L E
Heart rate variability and preoperative anxiety

Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability has been used to gain some understanding of the activity of the autonomic nervous system. In this study various indices of heart rate variability were related to the degree of preoperative anxiety experienced by 32 patients presenting for day case surgery. It was found that there was no correlation between anxiety and mean heart rate, or between anxiety and the spectral power in the mid frequency band (0.05‐0.15 Hz). However, there was an increase in the relative power of the higher frequency band (0.15‐0.5 Hz) with increasing anxiety levels (Spearman correlation r=0.4034). This suggests that preoperative anxiety may often be associated with a relative vagal predominance in the sympathovagal balance.
Gene Expression in Mouse Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos: Use of Suppression Subtractive Hybridization to Identify Oocyte- and Embryo-Specific Genes1

Abstract The paucity of biological material has inhibited identifying genes that are differentially expressed during mammalian oogenesis and preimplantation development. We report here the linear amplification of mRNA from small numbers of mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos to generate amounts of sense RNA that are sufficient for suppression subtractive hybridization. The resulting oocyte-specific and 8-cell-specific cDNA libraries were partially characterized, and the known oocyte-specific ZP1, ZP2, GDF-9, BMP15, and H1oo genes were found in the oocyte-specific cDNA library but not in the 8-cell-specific library. Further characterization of the subtracted oocyte and 8-cell embryo cDNA libraries should furnish a trove of information regarding temporal changes in gene expression during oogenesis and preimplantation development in the mouse.
Registered Nurse Unions and Patient Outcomes

Although research shows substantial relationships between several organizational characteristics in hospitals and patient outcomes, the relationship between nurse unions and patient outcomes has not been explored. Because of the workplace chaos of the last half of the 1990s, some nurses are rethinking their relationships with unions; some have the perception that union activity has increased. It is not always clear whether changes in healthcare are associated with patient outcomes, but it is clear that hospitals/health systems with unions often engage in spirited rhetoric about what is best for patients with little objective evidence to support either view. This study examines the relationship between the presence of a bargaining unit for registered nurses and the acute myocardial infarction mortality rate for acute care hospitals in California. The authors also discuss how registered nurse wage, hospital bed size, volume of patients, and other organizational factors may influence and confound this relationship.
Magnetotactic bacteria: nanodrivers of the future

Abstract Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) represent a heterogeneous group of Gram-negative aquatic prokaryotes with a broad range of morphological types, including vibrioid, coccoid, rod and spirillum. MTBs possess the virtuosity to passively align and actively swim along the magnetic field. Magnetosomes are the trademark nano-ranged intracellular structures of MTB, which comprise magnetic iron-bearing inorganic crystals enveloped by an organic membrane, and are dedicated organelles for their magnetotactic lifestyle. Magnetosomes endue high and even dispersion in aqueous solutions compared with artificial magnetites, claiming them as paragon nanomaterials. MTB and magnetosomes offer high technological potential in modern science, technology and medicines. This review focuses on the applicability of MTB and magnetosomes in various areas of modern benefits.
A 6 bit and a 7 bit 80 MS/s SAR ADC for an IR-UWB receiver

A 6 bit and a 7 bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with conversion rates of up to 80 MS/s are presented in this paper. They will be used in an impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) receiver. The architecture with a switched-capacitor (SC) digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is applied due to its low power consumption. The 6 bit analog-to-digital converter applies the classic switching algorithm which is extended to 7 bit with a minor change to the analog part of the converter. A new kind of flip-flops is used in the SAR which enables synchronous operation during the conversion phase. The integrated circuit is realized in the 250 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology SGB25V of IHP. The cores of both analog-to-digital converters occupy a chip area of 0.36 × 0.28 mm2 and consume 5 mA from a 2.6 V supply.
Optimisation of beef tenderisation treated with bromelain using response surface methodology (RSM)

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum condition for the tenderization of beef by bromelain using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Initially, bromelain powder was produced from pineapple crown of variety N36. Production of the bromelain powder involves several process steps such as extraction, purification, desalting and freeze drying. The cube size beef of round part was treated with bromelain at different pHs of beef, immersion temperatures, bromelain solution concentrations, and immersion times according to the experimental design which was recommended by RSM of MINITAB software version 15. Beef tenderness was then measured by Texture Analyser. The MINITAB software Version 15 was used to optimise the tenderisation of beef by bromelain. The determination coefficient R2 was 99.97% meaning that the experimental data were acceptable. It was found that beef could be optimize tenderised 89.907% at the optimum condition at pH of beef of 5.4, immersion temperature of60℃, bromelain solution concentration of 0.1682% and immersion time of 10 minutes. The verification value of beef ten-derisation at the feasible optimum condition which was determined by experiment was 89.571%. Since the difference between the veri- fication and predicted values was less than 5%, therefore, the optimum condition for the tenderisation of beef predicted by MINITAB software Version 15 could be accepted.
A Lightweight Agent-based Secure Mobile Payment Protocol Supporting Multiple Payments

Payment for goods and services on mobile devices via an agent-based mobile payment protocol is gaining popularity amidst today’s fast-paced lifestyles. These protocols offer fast, easy, and secure services with global reach. However, existing mobile payment systems still have problems with performance and security. One of the main problems is the computation time, requiring long and complex calculation for data transmission. This paper proposed a new, secure and lightweight mobile payment protocol for making payments on mobile devices. This protocol supports not only the necessary security properties but also multiple payment types including chain payments.
Frequency detector for carrier phase synchronization in 50 Gbps QPSK receiver in analog domain

Compensating for frequency offset between transmitter and receiver lasers is a major challenge in coherent optical receivers. This necessitates the use of a carrier phase recovery and compensation circuitry at the receiver end which is capable of tracking large frequency offsets and laser linewidths. We propose a frequency detector which is capable of detecting frequency offsets from -100MHz to +100 MHz. The proposed frequency detector has been designed in 130nm BiCMOS technology. The design is verified with 50 Gbps QPSK, and 100 Gbps DP-QPSK signals using circuit simulations. A 50 Gbps low power analog domain QPSK receiver consisting of the proposed frequency detector consumes 650mW power. The receiver is capable of working with transmitter and receiver lasers having upto 200 kHz linewidth and 100MHz frequency offset between them.
A frame for the development of preservice science teachers

This paper describes how a frame has been used to articulate the intentions of a preservice chemistry education course to students of that course. The frame, which draws on appropriate knowledge bases for teachers of science, is also used through the teaching of the course as a diagnostic and development tool to assist the learning of these preservice teachers. However, the success of using such a frame also relies on the use of reflective tools to monitor student learning, such as learning logs and portfolios. The paper also presents evaluations from students on the success of using this frame in this preservice chemistry teacher education course.
Study of the impact of start-up social network on the relationship between entrepreneurial competence and venture capital financing

This paper demonstrates the relationship among start-up social network, entrepreneurial competence and venture capital financing, and adapts the multi-industry large sample data to verify. The results show that in the financing process of start-ups, the stronger the entrepreneurial competence of entrepreneurs is, the more venture capital enterprises can get, and the relationship is further affected by start-up social network. Specifically, network specific information, mutual trust and altruistic motivation enhance the positive correlation relationship between entrepreneurial competence and venture capital financing. It reflects that start-up social network plays an important role in the course of venture capital financing.
Lack of mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium of some Fusarium mycotoxins

The mutagenicity of eight Fusarium toxins (mono-, di-, and triacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and moniliformin) and of two positive controls (aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin) to histidine-requiring strains TA 98, 100, 1535, and 1537 of Salmonella typhimurium was tested both with and without metabolic activation. Both aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin, but none of the eight Fusarium toxins, were mutagenic to S. typhimurium. The lack of mutagenic activity of T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol supports the negative results that have been obtained with in vivo carcinogenicity tests. The negative mutagenicity of the four other 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes tested, and of zearalenone and moniliformin, could not be correlated with in vivo tests because published accounts of their chronic toxicity were not available.
Pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation with triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy in refractory glaucomas

Glaucoma drainage devices are an option in refractory glaucomas for control of intraocular pressure (IOP). We evaluated the outcome of pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve along with triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy in 11 eyes with uncontrolled IOP on maximum tolerable antiglaucoma therapy. The mean preoperative IOP of 33.64 ± 5.99 (range 26 to 44 mmHg) decreased to 17.09 ± 2.26 (range 14 to 20 mmHg) and 17.45 ± 1.81mm of Hg (range 14 to 24 mmHg) at 6 and 12 months following surgery. The mean number of antiglaucoma medications decreased from 3.27 ± 0.05 to 0.64 ± 0.67 and 0.55 ± 0.6 at 6 and 12 months following surgery.
La libertad vigilada: regulación actual, perspectivas de reforma y comparación con la führungsaufsicht del derecho penal alemán

Solo tres anos despues de la introduccion en el Codigo penal de la libertad vigilada como medida de seguridad para sujetos imputables peligrosos se esta tramitando una importante reforma de la misma que supondra una muy notable ampliacion de su ambito de aplicacion. Este trabajo analiza algunos de los problemas que presenta la regulacion actual de esta figura, asi como los cambios mas relevantes que para ella preve el Proyecto de reforma del CP de 2013, y concluye que el Proyecto no solo no soluciona los problemas mas importantes de la actual configuracion de la libertad vigilada, sino que la �culminacion de la evolucion hacia un sistema dualista de consecuencias penales� que se proclama en su Exposicion de Motivos seguramente tampoco conseguira introducir mayor claridad conceptual en esta materia ni lograr una mayor eficacia preventiva. La comparacion con la regulacion de la vigilancia de conducta o Fuhrugsaufsicht en el Codigo penal aleman sirve para evidenciar que con la reforma proyectada estamos copiando en gran medida el modelo aleman, pero copiandolo mal: incurriendo en importantes defectos y omisiones y ademas sin ser conscientes de los problemas y de la escasa capacidad preventiva que hasta ahora ha evidenciado la vigilancia de conducta en Alemania.
Increased operational range for implantable UHF RFID antennas

This paper discusses the main design challenges of implantable UHF RFID antennas in lossy environments. A novel cylindrical implantable antenna concept is presented. The proposed antenna shows good performance inside lossy environments, like a human body. The RFID tag is able to work in a range up to 3 m for implantation depths in the range of 1-2.5 cm. A basic demonstrator with RFID integrated circuit (IC) was manufactured and tested in order to prove the proposed design strategy.