Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Farmers and Retirement: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background. Studies report low prevalence of several health problems among farmers. Health status and psychosocial factors are generally assumed to impact on retirement age and the ability to stay in work. Objectives. To study retirement in a male rural population and to test the hypothesis that farmers retire later than nonfarmers thanks to better health status and advantageous psychosocial factors. Method. The study design was a longitudinal cohort study on farmers and rural nonfarmers with data assessment at two surveys 12 years apart. Analyses were performed with multiple logistic regression models. Results. Among subjects 64 years or younger at survey 2, 93% of the farmers were still working (full or part time) as compared with 76% of the employed nonfarmers. Among those 65 years or older, 64% of the farmers, 33% of nonfarming entrepreneurs, and 6% of employed nonfarmers were still occupationally active. Significant differences in reported diseases and psychosocial factors were found between farmers and nonfarmers, but in the fully adjusted model these variables did not modify the low odds ratios of retirement found for farmers. The farmers adjusted risk (OR) for premature retirement (64 or younger) was 0.30 (95% CI 0.16–0.55) and for standard retirement (65 or older) 0.01 (95% CI 0.00–0.05). Conclusions. Farmers continue to work full or part time around retirement age to a much larger extent than employees. The employment status of farmers may only partly explain this. Health status and psychosocial factors did not impact on the results.
Use of Automated External Defibrillators in the Occupational Setting in Germany: A Pilot Study

Objective: Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are widely used to increase survival of patients with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Despite these experiences only few data exist dealing with SCA at the workplace or AED usage in the occupational setting. Methods: In a pilot study, occupational physicians throughout Germany were contacted and queried about the utilization of AED and the primary success rate (return of spontaneous circulation; ROSC). Results: Of 232 occupational physicians, 155 (67%) stated that the enterprise provided at least one AED. Overall, 63 AED utilizations were analyzed. An ROSC was reported in 42 patients (67%). In 48% (n = 20) ROSC was established before the arrival of the EMS. Conclusion: Our study showed a high proportion of patients with ROSC after SCA. Increased attention should be turned to workplace SCA and AED programs.
Morphological, physico-chemical and structural characterization of mucilage isolated from the seeds of Buchanania lanzan Spreng

Context: Mucilage isolated from the seeds of Buchanania lanzan a wild Indian plant. This mucilage can be commercially exploited, by evaluating physico-chemical properties of this mucilage. Materials and Methods: Various physico-chemical parameter using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), molecular weight, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, zeta potential (ZP), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1D ( 1 H and 13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been employed to characterize mucilage in the present study. Results: SEM analysis suggests that the mucilage has irregular particle size. Thermogravimetry analysis suggested that mucilage had good thermal stability with two stage decomposition. The weight-average molecular weight of mucilage was determined to be 4883, by gel permeation chromatography. The XRD pattern of the mucilage indicated a completely amorphous structure. The ZP was obtained 1.56 and −9.49 mV in water and 0.1 N NaCl respectively. The major functional groups identified from FT-IR spectrum include 3459/cm (-OH), 1667/cm (Alkenyl C-H and C = C stretch), 1407/cm (-COO-) and 1321/cm (-CH 3 CO). Analysis of mucilage by paper chromatography and 1D NMR indicated the presence of rhamnose, arabinose and fructose. Conclusion: The spectral and chromatography analysis of mucilage indicate that the mucilage is composed of basic sugar moiety such as (arabinose, rhamnose, fructose and mannose) as complex carbohydrates.
Farmers Have Hearts: The Prevalence of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Among a Subgroup of Irish Livestock Farmers

ABSTRACT Objectives: Despite international findings that farmers have better health outcomes than other occupation groups, Irish farmers are found to be a high-risk group for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early detection of CVD through preventive health measurements, such as screening of high-risk groups, can contribute to a reduction of CVD cases. Farmers, however, represent a “challenging” group in terms of engaging in preventive health behaviors. This study examined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among male Irish livestock farmers who participated in heart screening as part of a workplace health intervention. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from a convenience sample (N = 310) of farmers. Consent included permission to analyze the heart screening results and to participate in two follow-up questionnaires by phone at Week 1 (n = 224) and Week 12 (n = 172). All data were entered onto the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) and both descriptive and inferential statistics were compiled. Results: Almost one in two (46%; n = 140) farmers had high blood pressure (≥140/≥90 mm Hg), and 46% (n = 140) had elevated total cholesterol. One third of farmers were found to be obese (35%; n = 110). The vast majority (83%; n = 255) had at least four risk factors for CVD based on the outcomes of the heart screening. Conclusion: The study findings in relation to obesity and the prevalence of multiple risk factors for CVD are a particular cause of concern and shed considerable light on the current excess burden of CVD among farmers in Ireland.
Microsurgical vs . endovascular treatments for blood-blister 30 aneurysms of the internal carotid artery : a retrospective study of 31 83 patients in a single center

33 BACKGROUND: Blood-blister aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are 34 challenging lesions with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, both surgical and endovascular 35 approaches have been used to treat the BBAs; however, little is known about their safety and 36 efficacy. 37 OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with the treatment of BBAs and explore the optimal 38 treatment strategy. 39 METHODS: A total of 83 patients with BBAs were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics 40 of the patients and the aneurysms, treatment results, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. 41 RESULTS: The cohort comprised of 52 females and 31 males with a mean age of 46.6 years, 33 42 patients were assigned to the microsurgical therapy. Subsequently, 27/33 patients underwent 43 surgical clipping, 4/33 underwent trapping without bypass, and 2/33 underwent wrapping; 44 whereas, the 50 patients underwent endovascular therapy, including stent-assisted coiling (49 45 cases) and coiling (1case). The intraoperative rupture occurred in 14 and 4 cases in the 46 microsurgical and endovascular groups, respectively. Ischemic events occurred in 16 and 8 cases 47 in the microsurgical and endovascular groups, respectively. At 1-year follow-up, a favorable 48 clinical outcome was achieved in 18 (54.5%) and 38 (76.0%) patients in the microsurgical and 49 endovascular groups, respectively. The multivariate regression model showed that the treatment 50 strategies, Fisher grade, and vasospasm contributed significantly to the prediction of outcome for 51 1 year 52 CONCLUSION: BBAs are challenging vascular lesions with poor prognosis. Endovascular 53 treatment may be more effective and safe with better outcomes than the surgical approaches. 54
Analgesic effects of mambalgin peptide inhibitors of acid-sensing ion channels in inflammatory and neuropathic pain

Abstract Mambalgins are 57-amino acid peptides isolated from snake venom that evoke naloxone-resistant analgesia after local (intraplantar) and central (intrathecal) injections through inhibition of particular subtypes of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). We now show that mambalgins also have an opioid-independent effect on both thermal and mechanical inflammatory pain after systemic intravenous (i.v.) administration and are effective against neuropathic pain. By combining the use of knockdown and knockout animals, we show the critical involvement of peripheral ASIC1b-containing channels, along with a contribution of ASIC1a-containing channels, in the i.v. effects of these peptides against inflammatory pain. The potent analgesic effect on neuropathic pain involves 2 different mechanisms depending on the route of administration, a naloxone-insensitive and ASIC1a-independent effect associated with i.v. injection and an ASIC1a-dependent and partially naloxone-sensitive effect associated with intrathecal injection. These data further support the role of peripheral and central ASIC1-containing channels in pain, demonstrate their participation in neuropathic pain, and highlight differences in the repertoire of channels involved in different pain conditions. They also strengthen the therapeutic potential of mambalgin peptides that are active in a broader range of experimental pain models and through i.v. systemic delivery.
The &agr;5 subunit containing GABAA receptors contribute to chronic pain

Abstract It has been recently proposed that &agr;5-subunit containing GABAA receptors (&agr;5-GABAA receptors) that mediate tonic inhibition might be involved in pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of &agr;5-GABAA receptors in the loss of GABAergic inhibition and in formalin-induced, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced and L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation-induced long-lasting hypersensitivity. Formalin or CFA injection and L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation produced long-lasting allodynia and hyperalgesia. Moreover, formalin injection impaired the rate-dependent depression of the Hofmann reflex. Peripheral and intrathecal pretreatment or post-treatment with the &agr;5-GABAA receptor antagonist, L-655,708 (0.15-15 nmol), prevented and reversed, respectively, these long-lasting behaviors. Formalin injection increased &agr;5-GABAA receptor mRNA expression in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) mainly at 3 days. The &agr;5-GABAA receptors were localized in the dorsal spinal cord and DRG colabeling with NeuN, CGRP, and IB4 which suggests their presence in peptidergic and nonpeptidergic neurons. These receptors were found mainly in small and medium sized neurons. Formalin injection enhanced &agr;5-GABAA receptor fluorescence intensity in spinal cord and DRG at 3 and 6 days. Intrathecal administration of L-655,708 (15 nmol) prevented and reversed formalin-induced impairment of rate-dependent depression. These results suggest that &agr;5-GABAA receptors play a role in the loss of GABAergic inhibition and contribute to long-lasting secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia.
Complexity, comorbidity, and health care costs associated with chronic widespread pain in primary care

Abstract The objective was to estimate the prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and compare the quality-of-life (QoL), cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidity, complexity, and health costs with the reference population. A multicenter case–control study was conducted at 3 primary care centers in Barcelona between January and December 2012: 3048 randomized patients were evaluated for CWP according to the American College of Rheumatology definition. Questionnaires on pain, QoL, disability, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality were administered. Cardiovascular risk and the Charlson index were calculated. We compared the complexity of cases and controls using Clinical Risk Groups, severity and annual direct and indirect health care costs. CWP criteria were found in 168 patients (92.3% women, prevalence 5.51% [95% confidence interval: 4.75%-6.38%]). Patients with CWP had worse QoL (34.2 vs 44.1, P < 0.001), and greater disability (1.04 vs 0.35; P < 0.001), anxiety (43.9% vs 13.3%; P < 0.001), depression (27% vs 5.8%; P < 0.001), sleep disturbances, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and number of cardiovascular events (13.1% vs 4.8%; P = 0.028) and higher rates of complexity, severity, hospitalization, and mortality. Costs were &OV0556;3751 per year in patients with CWP vs &OV0556;1397 in controls (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the average patient with CWP has a worse QoL and a greater burden of mental health disorders and cardiovascular risk. The average annual cost associated with CWP is nearly 3 times higher than that of patients without CWP, controlling for other clinical factors. These findings have implications for disease management and budgetary considerations.
Patient blood transfusion management: discharge hemoglobin level as a surrogate marker for red blood cell utilization appropriateness

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion management strategies minimize transfusion‐associated risks, enhance outcomes, and reduce costs. We explored an association of discharge hemoglobin (Hb) with pretransfusion Hb, transfusion indications, and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. We stipulate that patients with discharge Hb concentrations greater than 10.0 g/dL, or even 9.0 g/dL, received excessive RBC transfusions.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose to Gluconic Acid over Activated Carbon-Supported Gold Clusters.

The catalytic performance of the atomically precise gold cluster-Au38 (PET)24 (PET=2-phenylethanethiolate), immobilized on activated carbon (AC), was investigated for the aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The Au38 (PET)24 /AC-120 catalysts, annealed at 120 °C in air, exhibited high catalytic activity and significantly better performance than the corresponding catalysts Au38 /AC-150 and Au38 /AC-300 (treated at 150 and 300 °C to remove the protecting thiolate ligands). The high activity of the robust Au cluster was a result of the partial ligand removal, providing catalytically active sites, which were evidenced by TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. Au38 (PET)24 /AC-120 also showed excellent recyclability (up to seven cycles). The turnover frequency for the Au38 (PET)24 /AC-120 catalyst was 5440 h-1 , which is higher than for the Pd/AC, Pd-Bi/AC, and Au/AC under identical reaction conditions. This new ultra-small gold nanomaterial is expected to find wide application in other catalytic oxidations.
The effects of gender, long-term need for recovery and trait inhibition-rumination on morning and evening saliva cortisol secretion

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of need for recovery from work and trait rumination on saliva cortisol secretion. The sample consisted of 76 white-collar workers, 52 men and 24 women who had previously provided baseline data four years earlier and volunteered to participate in the present study. In the present study, saliva cortisol secretion was measured over seven consecutive days, on awakening, and at 10 p.m. No relationships were found between the independent variables and morning saliva cortisol levels. High trait rumination at baseline, however, was significantly related to higher evening cortisol levels for both women and men. Baseline need for recovery from work was strongly related to evening cortisol secretion for women, but in the opposite direction than expected. The present results add to the small but equivocal body of literature that has examined the long-term effects of work strain on cortisol secretion.
Factores asociados a la disponibilidad y uso de medios electrónicos en niños desde preescolar hasta 4° grado

grade Introduction: The increased availability of electronic media has changed the behavior in children and young people by encouraging sedentary lifestile, with health effects from a very young age. Objective: To characterize the availability and use of electronic media and its associated factors in children from preschool through 4 th grade. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with cluster sampling was carried out. Parents filled out the demographic survey, the availability and use of electronic media at home and in the child's room. Log-binomial regression models were applied to estimate prevalence ratios adjusted for the sampling. Results: Seven hundred and ten parents answered. The average age of the children was 6.7 years and 49.7% were male. Factors such as the mother working out of the house and family income were positively associated with the availability of electronic media at home and in the child's room. The availability of a TV, computer and console in the child's room, contributes to longer use of these electronic media. Both, the male gender and age of the child, were positively associated with the availability and use of electronic media. Conclusion: This is the first study in Colombia that reports the availability and use of electronic media in children. It is clear that modern life encourages sedentary behavior from the earliest years of life, which has been associated with health problems from early childhood. Intervention studies are needed aimed at reducing these behaviors in our context.
Sustainable Carbon/Carbon Supercapacitors Operating Down to -40 °C in Aqueous Electrolyte Made with Cholinium Salt.

Cholinium chloride at a concentration of 5 mol kg-1 in water is proposed as a low-cost and environmentally friendly aqueous electrolyte, enabling extension of the operating range of carbon/carbon supercapacitors (SCs) down to -40 °C. This solution has a pH close to neutrality (pH 6.1) and high conductivity of 88 mS cm-1 at 24 °C. The supercapacitors demonstrate a high capacitance of 126 F g-1 (per mass of one electrode) and long life span at voltages up to 1.5 V. At -40 °C, the carbon/carbon SCs display excellent electrochemical characteristics with only slightly reduced capacitance of 106 F g-1 and negligible ohmic losses. As compared to previous works, where antifreezing additives were introduced in traditional neutral electrolytes, the low solubility of the salt and related poor conductivity of the solution is no longer an issue, which makes cholinium salt aqueous solutions very promising for SCs operating at sub-ambient temperature conditions.
MATTERS ARISING

We were interested in the short report from Roberts and Byrne concerning single fibre EMG studies in chronic fatigue syndrome. ' They concluded that there was no evidence of abnormality at the terminat axon, neuromuscular junction, or muscle membrane in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome-a finding that concurs with our own of essentially normal jitter in 34 of 35 patients with chronic unexplained fatigue.2 We did detect some evidence of raised fibre density in a small subgroup of patients with pronounced myalgia who also had mild abnormalities on muscle biopsy. Raised fibre density is usually a result of collateral sprouting after reinnervation, but can also be due to fibre splitting as can occur in some myopathic states. ' Therefore we believe that fibre density estimation performed in addition to jitter measurement adds considerably to the information obtained from single fibre EMG studies. S CONNOLLY Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK C J FOWLER Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, London WIN 8AA, UK
Involvement of the Na+,K+-ATPase and its inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases

+,K+-ATPase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. The Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) trial has demonstrated that long-term digoxin treatment improves symptoms of congestive heart failure and the quality of life in patients and, unlike cyclic adenosine monophosphatase (cAMP) dependent positive inotropes, does not have a negative effect on survival. Recently, evidence has been provided that the Na+,K+-ATPase may also be functionally modulated by endogenous inhibitors, such as ouabain-like factor (OLF). Elevated OLF levels have been documented in pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders and particular genetic or essential forms of human hypertension. Na+,K+-ATPase and OLF could represent a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of those forms of hypertension sustained by this mechanism. This review will cover patenting activity in this field of research and will focus on the more significant patents publi.
Daily emotional stress reactivity in emerging adulthood: temporal stability and its predictors

ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Emotional reactivity to stress is associated with both mental and physical health and has been assumed to be a stable feature of the person. However, recent evidence suggests that the within-person association between stress and negative affect (i.e., affective stress-reactivity) may increase over time and in times of high stress, at least in older adult populations. The objective of the current study was to examine the across-time stability of stress-reactivity in a younger sample – emerging adulthood – and examine neuroticism, overall stress, social support and life events as potential moderators of stability. Design & Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 540, mean age = 18.76 years) participated in a measurement burst design, completing a 30-day daily diary annually for four years. Moderators were assessed once at every burst, while negative affect and stress were assessed daily via a secure website. Results & Conclusions: Findings suggest a relatively high degree of rank-order and mean-level stability in stress-reactivity across the four years, and within-person changes in neuroticism and overall stress predicted concurrent shifts in stress-reactivity. Unlike older samples, there was no evidence of an overall linear change in stability over time, though there was significant variability in linear change trajectories.
The association between attention control, anxiety, and depression: the indirect effects of repetitive negative thinking and mood recovery

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Attention control deficits and repetitive negative thinking (RNT; i.e., rumination) may be key factors in the development and persistence of depression and anxiety, although their role in symptom development remains poorly understood. This represents a gap in the literature, as interventions targeting attention control and associated RNT may enhance interventions and prevent costly relapse. The current study was designed to examine the serial indirect effects of transdiagnostic RNT and negative affect recovery following a lab-induced stressor on the association between attention control deficits and trait anxiety and depression. Methods: Participants were N = 583 university students who completed validated measures of RNT, anxiety, depression, and mood ratings pre- and post-stressor. Stress was induced using a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test. Results: Results of cross-sectional indirect effects models indicated that RNT and mood recovery explained the association between attention control deficits and trait anxiety and depression. Results from reversed models indicated that only the indirect effect of RNT was significant. Conclusions: Findings suggest that RNT and mood recovery processes play an important role in explaining anxiety and depression symptoms. Additional work is needed to examine their role in symptom development and maintenance over time.