Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics and Science Teachers' Perceptions and Communication Strategies on the Use of English as a Medium of Instruction at SMP Negeri 1 Denpasar

Abstract This study aimed at investigating the use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) at Pre-International Standard School (RSBI) at SMP N 1 Denpasar. It includes the mathematics and science teachers’ perception, the frequency of the use of English, and the communication strategies used by mathematics and science teachers. The subjects of the study were mathematics and science teachers at SMP N 1 Denpasar of grade eight. Semi-structured interview and close questionnaire were applied to gather the data of mathematics and science teachers’ perception. The frequency of English and communication strategies used by the mathematics and science teachers were gathered by recording the instructional process. The findings of the study show that the mathematics and biology teachers had a good perception, but physics teacher had average perception toward the use of English as a medium of instruction. However, the proportion of English used as a medium of instruction at SMP N 1 Denpasar has not fulfilled the basic requirement of Pre-International Standard School (RSBI). Even, in its sixth year of the program implementation, the science teachers have not implemented 100% the bilingual teaching and learning process. The average percentage of English used by the Mathematics, Biology, and Physics teachers is 84.50 %, 13.72%, and 0% respectively. The data analysis also revealed that there were five types of communication strategy applied by the mathematics and science teachers, namely: language switching, pausing, use of non linguistic resources, clarification check, and comprehension check. Key words: bilingual class, teachers’ perception, English frequency, communication strategies
Efficient MPEG motion compensation scheme by motion trajectory tracking method

This paper presents an efficient Motion Compensation scheme by 3-D Motion Trajectory Tracking (MTT) for MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) video codec implementations. A frame of video sequence can be segmented into non-motion region, traceable-motion region, rapid-motion and new object regions. A particular macro-block of the frame is located within one of such regions. A 3-D motion trajectory vector can track the motion of this macro-block frame-by-frame, in parallel with the pre-filtering and frame-grouping processes, as long as it is located in the non-motion/traceable-motion regular or occasionally the rapid-motion region. The 2-D motion displacements of the macro-blocks which are near this trajectory trace can be approximated from the deviations of the 3-D motion trajectory, since there are strong temporal correlations among such 2-D displacements. The Motion Estimation (ME) of MPEG encoding can then be performed on a smaller window predicted from the pre-calculated 3-D motion trajectory vectors. This approach of MPEG ME has twice the complexity of motion compensation schemes with two adjacent frames (H.261 kind codecs) for arbitrary number (N) of skipped frames, rather than (N + 1)2/N + 2(DOT)[N2 + (N - 1)2 + . + 22 + 1]/N. Therefore, real-time and low-cost MPEG codec is feasible, with the maximum amount of skipping frames.
Color image analysis by varying camera aperture

A set of images taken by systematically varying camera parameters conveys useful information which cannot or can hardly be extracted from a single image. This paper proposes a method to obtain the reliable color information, i.e. chromaticity and brightness from multiple color images taken with different aperture sizes, i.e. multi-iris color images. Based on the fundamental characteristics of optical systems, the authors first define an evaluation function to measure the reliability of color information at each pixel. They then synthesize a color image which consists of those pixels with the most reliable color information. In the experiments, they quantitatively examine the stability and reliability of color information in the synthesized image. They also demonstrate the usefulness of multi-iris color images: estimation of light source chromaticity and recovery of depth information from blurred edges. <<ETX>>
Cross-Platform User Profile Matching in Online Social Networks

Nowadays, it is common that people have several identities in different online social networks where their identities information is stored as user profiles. Matching cross-platform user profiles becomes a spotlight in the future research. In the paper, we propose a profile matching framework. Depending on the format of each field, different string similarity measures are adopted. Meanwhile, each fields importance is considered. At last, we evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed methods by experiments.
Cloud Computing Resource Schedule Strategy Based on PSO Algorithm

Resource schedule Strategy is the core technology of cloud computing. PSO algorithm is one of dynamic adaptation resource scheduling algorithms to cloud computing. The virtual machines and the hosts can be scheduled reasonable by adjusting parameters. The resource can be scheduled quickly because of the dynamic trend calculation of PSO algorithm, to ensure real-time of the Cloud Calculation.
Fluid-dynamic-based Three-dimensional Space Smoke Rendering Method

Based the theory of fluid dynamics, an efficient method is proposed for rendering smoke movement in three- dimensional space. Real-time rendering of smoke movement is implemented with coarse grid and larger time interval by solving Navier-Stokes equations. Experimental results show that the method is stable, simple, and can get realistic effects. Index Terms - real-time rendering, smoke, fluid dynamics, 3D, OpenGL
A Visibility-Based Algorithm for Multi-Robot Boundary Coverage

Cell decomposition is often used in autonomous area coverage. We propose a visibility-based decomposition algorithm for single robot boundary coverage and a corresponding multi-robot algorithm in unknown environment. A graph data structure is exploited for completeness of coverage and incremental description of partially observed world. Visibility-based decomposition facilitates the construction of graph and algorithms operated on it. In the context of multi-robot, a dynamically selected highest priority robot is in charge of information share and synchrony through communication, polygon set operations provide tools for environmental information mergence, a distributed algorithm for multi-robot boundary coverage is proposed based on those technologies. Finally the experimental results show the relationships between robot number and traversable gate number, some future subjects of researches are introduced.
Using technology for enhancing teaching and learning in Bangladesh: challenges and consequences

The increasing use of media and technologies for enhancing teaching and learning is an important current trend to overcome the challenges of schooling and teacher training in the changing world. Many countries in the Global South are trying to adopt technologies in their school and teacher training systems to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals. Though some recent research shows impacts of using technologies for enhancing teaching and learning in technology-poor contexts, no research actually addresses the challenges and difficulties associated with using the technologies in those specific contexts. This article presents interview data derived from secondary schools teachers in Bangladesh, in a context beset with many difficulties associated with technology use. In a pilot project, Apple iPods were introduced in 2009 to explore the challenges and consequences of using technology in schools. The data reveal the implications for the teachers’ professional development when they used the iPod as a multimedia player to access educational resources made available to support teaching and learning. This article has also thrown some light on current debates about using technologies for enhancing teaching and learning in technology-poor contexts.
Evaluation of high resolution rainfall forecasts over Karnataka for the 2011 southwest and northeast monsoon seasons

Evaluation of real‐time rainfall forecast at the hobli (village cluster ∼10 km2) level from an atmospheric mesoscale model over Karnataka (located at southwest India, with nearly 56% of the workforce engaged in agricultural activities) for the southwest (June–September) and northeast (October–December) monsoon seasons of 2011 is presented in this study. The forecast system has been operationally implemented through data assimilation from a number of local observatories for effective applications as well as for proof of concept. A highlight of the study is the validation of the rainfall forecasts against observations at comparable resolution established by Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, Government of Karnataka (KSNDMC). An evaluation of the forecast skill against daily observed rainfall is presented. A number of statistical evaluations show that the forecasts have enough skill to be useful for end users. A few areas of systematic bias and relatively higher forecast error were identified for further improvement in forecast skill.
Fusion of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging & Electroencephalograph and Its Application

Multi-Modality fusion is one of the hottest discussed issues in the current research of medical image processing and it has a deep impact on the cognitive science and clinical treatment. In this paper, an fMRI-constraint equivalent dipole model (FC-ECD) based on ICA is proposed to solve the fusion of fMRI and EEG. The ICA is adopted as a preprocessing step to exclude the noise and select the available ERP components. At the same time, it can provide a prior estimate of the number of dipoles. Then considering the spatial information provided by fMRI, the selected ERP components are localized by FC-ECD model based on an ideal four-sphere head model. Thus it can reduce the computation time dramatically. Finally, the simulation study proves the correctness and validity of the method proposed in the paper and the human study coincides with the physiology fact.
The available bit rate service for data in ATM networks

The authors describe the purpose of the available bit rate (ABR) service in the context of other ATM services and review the agreements on the traffic control mechanism. They describe the recent progress towards standardization of the new service. The general nature of the ABR service is described in comparison with constant bit rate (CBR) and variable bit rate (VBR) services.
Adult distance study through computer conferencing

The use of computer conferencing by higher education institutions offering distance education courses has expanded rapidly since 1987. Despite a parallel growth in the academic scholarship, few studies examined students' experience of learning in an on‐line course. Using unstructured interviews and observations at adultstudents' homes or worksites, thestudy investigated adult student perspectives of distance study by computer conferencing. It found theseadults actively engaged in social relationships outside their distance studies which sustain their educational pursuits. The students provided insights into aspects of the on‐line environment: asynchronicity, interactivity, textual communications, and collaboration. Their learning orientation suggested the value they placed on conference activities. They incidentally transferred or invented learning strategies to deal with the different dynamics of this instructional environment. The computer conference brought together widely dissimilar students and encou.
Promoting collaborative writing through wikis: a new approach for advancing innovative and active learning in an ESP context

New approaches to language teaching have emerged as a result of increasing advances in technology. Over the past decade, web-based social networking platforms have been widely adopted as collaborative tools for facilitating foreign language learning. This study focused on a novel way of enabling ESP learners to profit from writing, which is collaboration through wikis. The aim was to improve Taiwanese students’ English writing skills for business. The instruments used in this study included two writing tests and a survey questionnaire. Findings indicate that students who were engaged in the collaborative writing tasks gained mastery in business writing and enjoyed the challenge of this new learning experience. The results also suggest that wikis promote students’ interest in language learning, boost the development of their writing competencies and enhance the collaboration skills needed for success in the workplace.
ERP implementation: a knowledge integration challenge for the project team

In this paper, we explore the knowledge integration challenges that face any large-scale IT implementation project team. We identify how knowledge integration is dependent on social networking processes. We provide evidence from the contrasting experiences of two project teams in two different case companies that were each involved in the design and implementation of an ERP system to explore these issues of knowledge integration. From the case comparisons, we identify differences between the two projects in relation to the ways that they were managed and organized. These differences in management and organization had a major impact on the social networking activities of the project members during the implementation process. These differences help to explain the different approaches to knowledge integration adopted and the ability of the project teams to identify opportunities for organizational transformation.
The AIS-HSL optimizer: an artificial immune system with heuristic social learning

This paper proposes an artificial immune system with heuristic social learning (AIS-HSL) for optimization. In the AIS-HSL optimization, the candidate antibodies is separated into two swarms i.e., the elitist swarm (ES) and the common swarm (CS). Different swarms experience different mutation processes, i.e., a self-learning strategy is required for ES, while a heuristic social-learning (HSL) mechanism is applied to CS. In the HSL mechanism, each antibody in CS learns from a selected antibody in ES based on the probability determined by its affinity to avoid falling into the local optima. Some comparative numerical simulations are arranged to evaluate the performance of the proposed AIS-HSL. The results demonstrate that the proposed AIS-HSL outperforms the canonical opt-aiNet optimization, the IA-AIS optimization and the AAIS-2S optimization in convergence speed and solution accuracy.
Lambda Grid developments, History - Present - Future

About 6 years ago the first baby-steps were made on opening up dark fiber and DWDM infrastructure for direct use by ISP’s after the transformation of the old style Telecom sector into a market driven business. Since then Lambda workshops, community groups like GLIF and a number of experiments have led to many implementations of hybrid national research and education networks and lightpath-based circuit exchanges as pioneered by SURFnet in GigaPort and NetherLight in collaboration with StarLight in Chicago and Canarie in Canada. This article looks back on those developments, describes some current open issues and research developments and proposes a concept of terabit networking.
Graphical specification of algorithm animations with ALADDIN

ALADDIN (algorithm animation design and description using interaction) is a system for creating animations of algorithm executions with a minimal effort. To avoid the most laborious phase of producing an animation, which is programming the graphics needed in the animation, ALADDIN allows the user to design the graphics interactively with a graphical editor. An example elucidating how an animation can be designed using the system is given. Some details of the implementation of the system are examined more closely. <<ETX>>
A novel architecture for information retrieval system based on semantic web

Nowadays, the web has enabled an explosive growth of information sharing (there are currently over 4 billion pages covering most areas of human endeavor) so that the web has faced a new challenge of information overhead. The challenge that is now before us is not only to help people locating relevant information precisely but also to access and aggregate a variety of information from different resources automatically. Current web document are in human-oriented formats and they are suitable for the presentation, but machines cannot understand the meaning of document. To address this issue, Berners-Lee proposed a concept of semantic web. With semantic web technology, web information can be understood and processed by machine. It provides new possibilities for automatic web information processing. A main problem of semantic web information retrieval is that when these is not enough knowledge to such information retrieval system, the system will return to a large of no sense result to uses due to a huge amount of information results. In this paper, we present the architecture of information based on semantic web. In addiction, our systems employ the inference Engine to check whether the query should pose to Keyword-based Search Engine or should pose to the Semantic Search Engine.
Integrating approximation methods with the generalised proportional sampling strategy

Previous studies have shown that partition testing strategies can be very effective in detecting faults, but they can also be less effective than random testing under unfavourable circumstances. When test cases are allocated in proportion to the size of subdomains, partition testing strategies are provably better than random testing, in the sense of having a higher or equal probability of detecting at least one failure (the P-measure). Recently, the Generalised Proportional Sampling (GPS) strategy, which is always satisfiable, was proposed to relax the proportionality condition. The paper studies the use of approximation methods to generate test distributions satisfying the GPS strategy, and evaluates this proposal empirically. Our results are very encouraging, showing that on average about 98.72% to almost 100% of the test distributions obtained in this way are better than random testing in terms of the P-measure.
Person authentication using lip information

This paper presents preliminary experimental results on a multimodal person authentication system, which uses lip information to improve the accuracy of a speaker recognition system. Speaker identification is performed on lip models generated from shape and intensity lip features. A novel scheme is proposed for selecting the best shape or intensity features to discriminate between speakers. Speaker classification is then performed using Gaussian mixture models.
A versatile architecture for VLSI implementation of the Viterbi algorithm

The proposed architecture consists of a novel mapping of the shuffle-exchange network for metric updating. This architecture has been shown to provide practical layouts in VLSI implementation. It can be adjustable to the various performance levels of throughput by exploiting the inherent parallelism of the Viterbi algorithm to varying degrees. This preservation of structural uniformity when trading the throughput for area makes the architecture very versatile, thus giving the designer a broad spectrum of alternatives, and additionally providing a systematic guideline to optimize the design for any specific area-time tradeoff requirement. <<ETX>>
The Concept of Collision-Free Motion Planning Using a Dynamic Collision Map

In this paper, we address a new method for the collision-free motion planning of a mobile robot in dynamic environments. The motion planner is based on the concept of a conventional collision map (CCM), represented on the L(travel length)-T(time) plane. We extend the CCM with dynamic information about obstacles, such as linear acceleration and angular velocity, providing useful information for estimating variation in the collision map. We first analyse the effect of the dynamic motion of an obstacle in the collision region. We then define the measure of collision dispersion (MOCD). The dynamic collision map (DCM) is generated by drawing the MOCD on the CCM. To evaluate a collision-free motion planner using the DCM, we extend the DCM with MOCD, then draw the unreachable region and deadlocked regions. Finally, we construct a collision-free motion planner using the information from the extended DCM.
Parallel Computations of the Dynamic Behavior of Bubble Plumes

This paper discusses numerical results obtained with different strategies for modeling air-water flows. Mathematical models for dilute mixtures, derived from the two-fluid model equations, are presented. These models include diverse degrees of complexity, and they handle turbulence via a k-e model and a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, in a consistent way. The models are implemented in a parallel code, which is then used to numerically simulate the dynamic behavior of bubble columns in two and three dimensions. The results of the simulations are employed to study the interplay between the turbulence of the carrier and the scales of the wandering motion, and to compare the capability of different models to capture the physics behind the phenomenon.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Dynamic security analysis of group key agreement protocol

Group key agreement is a fundamental building block for increasing collaborative applications. The protocol is more complicated than peer-to-peer communication owing to its dynamic characteristics, but the research to date on group key agreement protocols (GKAP) mainly focuses on the static security and the most distinctively dynamic characteristic of GKAP is difficult to analyse by existing methods. The paper attempts to extend the strand space theory to analyse the dynamic security of GKAP. With the aid of the theory, the AT-GDH protocol is taken as an example to discuss the general conditions of the security retention in dynamic cases. A new scheme is proposed of updating the session key when some member leaves the group based on SA-GDH.2 protocol to avoid the single-point weakness.
The 2.5D Modeling Method Based on Expanding Half-Dimensional Information

The entity can be attributed to two-half dimension modeling in the nature, so it is important to research on 2.5D modeling. Because traditional 2.5D modeling is focus on equal or unequal change in the vertical direction, so it is not good at the entity modeling. This paper is discussed expanding half-dimensional information in the traditional 2.5D modeling in accordance with actual needs. Expanding half-dimensional information contains several parameters of the variable that it can be modeling so fast.
The cluster compiler—a tool for the design of time-triggered real-time systems

An off-line planning tool that supports the programmer in developing his real-time application is mandatory in the design of time-triggered real-time systems. This paper describes the architecture and the functions of such a tool, the Cluster Compiler, that is in development at our institute. We emphasize on the principle of a strict separation of the local from the global parts of a distributed system and on the consequences for the structure of the design tool arising from this principle.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF HIERARCHY

Hierarchy is a concept which has been in use in General System Theory since Bertalanffy. Even though isolated principles of hierarchy exist, an integrated concept of hierarchy is needed covering the various aspects of hierarchy both for descriptive (“what viable systems look like”) and normative (“what artificial systems should look like”) purposes. Tentative hints (control hierarchy, computer hierarchy) are given in order to show what artificial systems designed according to the hierarchy of the Theorem of Hierarchy would look like. Connections to hierarchical restructuring and to the hemisphere concepts are discussed.