Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Very Fast Short Circuit Protection for Gallium-Nitride Power Transistors Based on Printed Circuit Board Integrated Current Sensor

Gallium-Nitride power transistors have a limited short-circuit withstand time, which can be as low as 200 ns. Typical short-circuit detection methods such as the desaturation detection method and current based methods present difficulties when they are applied to Gallium Nitride devices. The former requires a blanking time and therefore can detect a short-circuit at a relatively late stage, this method also reacts slowly under high-inductive short circuits. Current based methods require either a special transistor with a current mirror or a special package with a Kelvin connection. This work presents the use of a current sensor integrated into a printed circuit board to perform a very fast short-circuit detection. Two detection methods using the integrated current sensor were implemented, which neither use a blanking time nor require a special transistor package. The functioning under both Hard Switch Fault and Fault Under Load types of short circuit was experimentally tested and a resulting short circuit detection time as low as 30 ns is demonstrated.
Eliminating Adverse Control Plane Interactions in Independent Network Systems

Network system operation is typically divided into control and data planes— while the data plane is responsible for processing individual messages or packets, the control plane computes the configuration of devices and optimizes system-wide performance. Unfortunately, the control plane of each network system or protocol layer typically operates independently (e.g., CDNs selecting servers without coordinating with ISPs), resulting in poor interactions between control planes across systems. I categorize existing systems into one of four general control plane coordination mechanisms that overcome these problems, based on how much information can be shared between control planes. If no information can be shared, control planes simply react to data plane changes as a rudimentary form of coordination (e.g., CDN server selection + ISP traffic engineering). If all information can be shared, transparency in decision making can remove most poor interactions (e.g., Coflow datacenter flow scheduling). In many scenarios, however, only some information can be shared (e.g., between control planes running in different companies). Coordination in these scenarios is more specialized; control planes with separate data plane resources can use priority ranking (i.e., providing a list of preferences for resources without needing to show how these preferences were decided; e.g., BGP routing between ISPs), and control planes with shared data plane resources can use hierarchical partitioning (i.e., making coarse-grained decisions globally, and fine-grained decisions locally; e.g., internet-wide BGP + OSPF routing).
LibSPN : A Library for Learning and Inference with Sum-Product Networks and TensorFlow

Sum-Product Networks (SPNs) are a probabilistic deep architecture with solid theoretical foundations, which demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in several domains. Yet, surprisingly, there are no mature, general-purpose SPN implementations that would serve as a platform for the community of machine learning researchers centered around SPNs. Here, we present a new general-purpose Python library called LIBSPN, which aims to become such a platform. The library is designed to make it straightforward and effortless to apply various SPN architectures to large-scale datasets and problems. The library achieves scalability and efficiency, thanks to a tight coupling with TensorFlow, a framework already used by a large community of researchers and developers in multiple domains. We describe the design and benefits of LIBSPN, give several use-case examples, and demonstrate the applicability of the library to real-world problems on the example of spatial understanding in mobile robotics.
Two AMOC States in Response to Decreasing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations in the Coupled Climate Model MPI-ESM

This study analyzes the response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to different CO2 concentrations and two ice sheet configurations in simulations with the coupled climate model MPI-ESM. With preindustrial (PI) ice sheets, there are two different AMOC states within the studied CO2 range: one state with a strong and deep upper overturning cell at high CO2 concentrations and one state with a weak and shallow upper cell at low CO2 concentrations. Changes in AMOC variability with decreasing CO2 indicate two stability thresholds. The strong state is stable above the first threshold near 217 ppm, and the weak state is stable below the second threshold near 190 ppm. Between the two thresholds, both states are marginally unstable, and the AMOC oscillates between them on millennial time scales. The weak AMOC state is stable when Antarctic Bottom Water becomes dense and salty enough to replace North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) in the deep North Atlantic and when the density gain over the North Atlantic becomes too weak to sustain continuous NADW formation. With Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheets, the density gain over the North Atlantic and the northward salt transport are enhanced with respect to the PI ice sheet case. This enables active NADW formation and a strong AMOC for the entire range of studied CO2 concentrations. The AMOC variability indicates that the simulated AMOC is far away from a stability threshold with LGM ice sheets. The nonlinear relationship among AMOC, CO2, and prescribed ice sheets provides an explanation for the large intermodel spread of AMOC states found in previous coupled LGM simulations.
THE EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION ON EMG OF LEG MUSCLES WHICH ARE DIFFERENT FATIGUE RESISTANT DURING STATIC CONTRACTIONS

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of static whole body vibration (WBV) stimuli at low (2 mm) and high (4 mm) amplitudes and various frequencies (30-35- 40 Hz) on the neuromuscular responses of leg muscles which are different fatigue resistant. The fatigue protocol used for the determination of the fatigue index (FI). The study population was divided into two groups according to the values obtained by the FI (Group I: Less Fatigue Resistant (LFR), n=11; Group II: More Fatigue Resistance (MRF), n=11). Study results showed that LFR group that experienced a significantly higher percentage increase in the EMG activation values during higher frequencies (40 Hz) and amplitudes (4mm) (p<0,05). The highest level of muscular activation of MRF groups’ was observed at 4 mm amplitude and 35 Hz frequency and thereafter tended to decrease (p<0,05).
Galois rigidity of pro- pure braid groups of algebraic curves

In this paper, Grothendieck’s anabelian conjecture on the pro-l fundamental groups of configuration spaces of hyperbolic curves is reduced to the conjecture on those of single hyperbolic curves. This is done by estimating effectively the Galois equivariant automorphism group of the pro-l braid group on the curve. The process of the proof involves the complete determination of the groups of graded automorphisms of the graded Lie algebras associated to the weight filtration of the braid groups on Riemann surfaces.
Anisotropic multi-phase-field model: Interfaces and junctions

n this paper we bring together and extend two recent developments in phase-field models, namely, a phase-field model of a multiphase system [I. Steinbach et al., Physica D 94, 135 (1996)] and the extension of the Cahn-Hoffman ? -vector theory of anisotropic sharp interfaces to phase-field models [A. A. Wheeler and G. B. McFadden, Eur. J. Appl. Math. 7, 369 (1996); Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 453, 1611 (1997)]. We develop the phase-field model of a multiphase system proposed by Steinbach et al. to include both surface energy and interfacial kinetic anisotropy. We show that this model may be compactly expressed in terms of generalized Cahn-Hoffman ? vectors. This generalized Cahn-Hoffman ? -vector formalism is subsequently developed to include the notion of a stress tensor, which is used to succinctly derive the leading-order conditions at both moving interfaces and stationary multijunctions in the sharp interface limit.
Learning Directed Acyclic Graphs with Mixed Effects Structural Equation Models from Observational Data

2 The identification of causal relationships between random variables from large-scale 3 observational data using directed acyclic graphs (DAG) is highly challenging. We propose 4 a new mixed-effects structural equation model (mSEM) framework to estimate subject-specific 5 DAGs, where we represent joint distribution of random variables in the DAG as a set of structural 6 causal equations with mixed effects. The directed edges between nodes depend on observed 7 exogenous covariates on each of the individual and unobserved latent variables. The strength 8 of the connection is decomposed into a fixed-effect term representing the average causal 9 effect given the covariates and a random effect term representing the latent causal effect 10 due to unobserved pathways. The advantage of such decomposition is to capture essential 11 asymmetric structural information and heterogeneity between DAGs in order to allow for the 12 identification of causal structure with observational data. In addition, by pooling information 13 across subject-specific DAGs, we can identify causal structure with a high probability and 14 estimate subject-specific networks with a high precision. We propose a penalized likelihood15 based approach to handle multi-dimensionality of the DAG model and a fast computational 16 algorithm to achieve desirable sparsity by hard-thresholding the edges. We theoretically prove 17 the identifiability of mSEM. Using simulations and an application to protein signaling data, we 18 show substantially improved performances when compared to existing methods and consistent 19
Implications of low breakdown voltage of component subcells on external quantum efficiency measurements of multijunction solar cells

The electrical and optical coupling between subcells in a multijunction solar cell affects its external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement. In this study, we show how a low breakdown voltage of a component subcell impacts the EQE determination of a multijunction solar cell and demands the use of a finely adjusted external voltage bias. The optimum voltage bias for the EQE measurement of a Ge subcell in two different GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple‐junction solar cells is determined both by sweeping the external voltage bias and by tracing the I–V curve under the same light bias conditions applied during the EQE measurement. It is shown that the I–V curve gives rapid and valuable information about the adequate light and voltage bias needed, and also helps to detect problems associated with non‐ideal I–V curves that might affect the EQE measurement. The results also show that, if a non‐optimum voltage bias is applied, a measurement artifact can result. Only when the problems associated with a non‐ideal I–V curve and/or a low breakdown voltage have been discarded, the measurement artifacts, if any, can be attributed to other effects such as luminescent coupling between subcells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge Resources in Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding for Romanian Language

In this chapter are presented the results obtained in automatic speech recognition and understanding (ASRU) experiments made for Romanian language in the statistical framework, concerning the performance enhancement of two important knowledge resources, namely the acoustical models and the language model. If the ASRU process is for simplicity seen as a two stage process, in the first stage automatic speech recognition (ASR) is done and in the second stage the understanding is accomplished. The acoustical models incorporate knowledge about features statistic in different speech units composing the words and are mostly responsible for the performance of the recognition stage, judged after the WRR (word recognition rate). The language models incorporate knowledge about the word statistic in the phrase and determine mostly the performance of the understanding stage, judged after the PRR (phrase recognition rate). The two considered stages are interrelated and the named performance criteria are interdependent, enhanced WRR leads to PRR enhancement too. In this chapter are exposed methods to enhance the WRR, based on introducing of contextual models like triphones instead monophones or building of gender specialized models (for men, women and children) instead of global models. The methods applied to enhance the PRR are based on introducing of a restrictive finite state grammar instead the permissive word loop grammar or a bigram based language model.
On the size of maximally non-hamiltonian digraphs

A graph is called maximally non-hamiltonian if it is non-hamiltonian, yet for any two non-adjacent vertices there exists a hamiltonian path between them. In this paper, we naturally extend the concept to directed graphs and bound their size from below and above. Our results on the lower bound constitute our main contribution, while the upper bound can be obtained using a result of Lewin, but we give here a different proof. We describe digraphs attaining the upper bound, but whether our lower bound can be improved remains open.
Secure Web Engineering Supported by an Evaluation Framework - Preliminary Report on a Web Engineering Approach for Secure Applications Supported by a Conceptual Evaluation Framework for Secure Systems Engineering

This paper reports on the progress of the author’s PhD in the area of security engineering for web applications. Initially, the work was located at the beginning of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with a focus on design. However, designing a perfectly secure application is worth nothing, if it is not possible for security engineers to choose appropriate methods, notations and tools (so called mechanisms) to work with in each phase of the SDLC. Therefore, we2 additionally develop a conceptual framework for the evaluation of these Mechanisms, which is not limited to the web, and also has a focus on security. At the moment, almost two-thirds of the work for the PhD is done, which means that most underlying ideas are written down but further case studies and evaluations will follow.
Development of Visualization System to Analyze Conversation Documents in Psychological Counseling

In psychological counseling, beginner counselors tend to force the client the interpretation by the counselor himself. Therefore, the amount of utterance by the beginner conselor become larger than that of the client and use the closedended question at high rates to confirm the image of the client created with their own interests. The opportunity of education is referred to as the supervision that expert counselors advice for beginner counselors is provided. However, the verbatim record of conversation documents in counseling used in the supervision are large-scale and complex. Expert counselors is very difficult to extract the characteristics and situation of conversation between the beginner counselor and the client. To improve the problem, we proposed the system for visualizing the conversation documents in the psychological counseling. Next, we evaluated to use this system by some counselors to verify the effectiveness of this proposed system. From this evaluation, the results were obtained from most estimators that these visualization results have a high tendency to be easily understandable. Moreover, we conducted the comparative evaluation by working the same task in the cases of reading only the original text and the use of this proposed system for the conversation documents in actual counseling. As the results, we showed that the task using this proposed system is easier to understand in all of the evaluation items.
Correlations in bipartite collaboration networks

Collaboration networks are studied as an example of growing bipartite networks. These have been previously observed to exhibit structure such as positive correlations between nearest-neighbour degrees. However, a detailed understanding of the origin of such and the growth dynamics is lacking. Both of these issues are analysed empirically and simulated using various models. A new growth model is presented, incorporating empirically necessary ingredients such as bipartiteness and sublinear preferential attachment. This, and a recently proposed model of team assembly, both agree roughly with some empirical observations and fail in several others.
Common fixed point theorems for occasionally converse commuting mappings in symmetric spaces

In this paper, we introduce the notion of occasionally converse commuting (occ) mappings. Every converse commuting mappings ([1]) are (occ) but the converse need not be true (see, Ex.1.1-1.3). By using this concept, we prove two common fixed point results for a quadruple of self-mappings which satisfy an implicit relation. In first result one pair is (owc) [5] and the other is (occ), while in second result both the pairs are (occ). We illustrate our theorems by suitable examples. Since, there may exist mappings which are (occ) but not conversely commuting, the Theorems 1.1[2], 1.2[2] and 1.3[3] fails to handle those mapping pairs which are only (occ) but not conversely commuting (like Ex.1.4). On the other hand, since every conversely commuting mappings are (occ), so our Theorem 3.1 and 3.2 generalizes these theorems and the main results of Pathak and Verma [6]-[7] Mathematics Subject Classifications : 47H10; 54H25. Keywords and Phrases: commuting mappings; conversely commuting mappings; occasionally converse commuting (occ) mappings; set of commuting mappings; fixed point. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/ 10.3126/kuset.v7i1. 5422 KUSET 2011; 7(1): 56-62
Long non-coding RNA H 19 protects PC-12 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced injury by targeting miR-155 in spinal cord injury

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological disease, in which reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are produced in excess, causing growth arrest and cell death. The present study evaluated the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 on H2O2-injured pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Methods: H2O2 was used to induce injury in PC-12 cells. We then measured the effects of suppression of H19, downregulation of microRNA (miR)-155, and overexpression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) on viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in H2O2-injured PC-12 cells in separate experiments. In these experiments, qRTPCR was used to measure expression levels of different mRNAs and western blot analysis was used to measure different protein expressions. Results: H2O2 injured PC-12 cells by decreasing cell viability, migration, and invasion, and increasing apoptosis. Suppression of H19 expression further increased H2O2-induced injury in PC-12 cells. Suppression of H19 also increased miR-155 expression, which was identified as a target of H19 using luciferase reporter assay. Downregulation of miR-155 protected PC-12 cells from H2O2-induced injury. FOXO1 was identified as a target of miR-155, and expression of FOXO1 was decreased by miR-155 overexpression. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that overexpression of FOXO1 decreased H2O2-induced PC-12 cell injury by activating PI3K/ AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways. Conclusion: These findings suggest that suppression of H19 expression promotes H2O2-induced PC-12 cell injury, while downregulation of miR-155 and overexpression of FOXO1 protects PC-12 cells from H2O2-induced injury via activation of PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
Design of embedded multiagent systems : discussion about some specificities

Multiagent systems satisfy to design requirements for open physical complex systems. However, up to now, no method allows to build software/hardware hybrid multiagent systems. This paper introduces the DIAMOND method. We present its spiral life cycle which associates a multiagent oriented analysis iteration and a component based design iteration. The agent architecture is used as a pattern to build agents using components. A partitioning phase is used to choose software/hardware components implementation.
Atomic-frequency-comb quantum memory via piecewise adiabatic passage

In this paper, we propose a method to create an atomic frequency comb (AFC) in hot atomic vapors using the piecewise adiabatic passage (PAP) technique. Due to the Doppler effect, the trains of pulses used for PAP give rise to a velocity-dependent transfer of the atomic population from the initial state to the target one, thus forming a velocity comb whose periodicity depends not only on the repetition rate of the applied pulses but also on the specific atomic transitions considered. We highlight the advantages of using this transfer technique with respect to standard methods and discuss, in particular, its application to store a single telecom photon in an AFC quantum memory using a high density Ba atomic vapor.
Bikeshare: A Review of Recent Literature

Abstract The number of cities offering bikeshare has increased rapidly, from just a handful in the late 1990s to over 800 currently. This paper provides a review of recent bikeshare literature. Several themes have begun to emerge from studies examining bikeshare. Convenience is the major motivator for bikeshare use. Financial savings has been found to motivate those on a low income and the distance one lives from a docking station is an important predictor for bikeshare membership. In a range of countries, it has been found that just under 50% of bikeshare members use the system less than once a month. Men use bikeshare more than women, but the imbalance is not as dramatic as private bike riding (at least in low cycling countries). Commuting is the most common trip purpose for annual members. Users are less likely than private cyclists to wear helmets, but in countries with mandatory helmet legislation, usage levels have suffered. Bikeshare users appear less likely to be injured than private bike riders. Future directions include integration with e-bikes, GPS (global positioning system), dockless systems and improved public transport integration. Greater research is required to quantify the impacts of bikeshare, in terms of mode choice, emissions, congestion and health.
Active fires from the Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite: Product status and first evaluation results

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (S‐NPP) satellite incorporates fire‐sensitive channels, including a dual‐gain high‐saturation temperature 4 µm channel, enabling active fire detection and characterization. The active fire product, based on the 750 m moderate resolution “M” bands of VIIRS, is one of the standard operational products generated by the Interface Data Processing Segment of the S‐NPP ground system. The product builds on an earlier “Collection 4” version of the algorithm used for processing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Following postlaunch quality assessments and corrections in the input VIIRS Sensor Data Record data processing, an initial low detection bias was removed and the product achieved Beta quality in April 2012. Daily spurious detections along‐scan lines were also significantly reduced as a result of further processing improvements in October 2012. Direct product comparison with MODIS over 4 months of data in 2013 has shown that VIIRS produces approximately 26% more detections than MODIS within the central 3 pixel VIIRS aggregation zone of approximately ±31° scan angle range and 70% more detections outside of that zone, mainly as a result of the superior VIIRS scanning and sampling characteristics. Further development is in progress to ensure high‐quality VIIRS fire products that continue the MODIS data record and better serve the user community by delivering a full image classification product and fire radiative power retrievals. Research is also underway to take advantage of the radiometric signal from the 375 m VIIRS imager “I” bands.