Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Prevalence of Mental Disorders among Income Support Recipients: Approach, Validity and Findings

Using the ABS 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, this paper examines the prevalence of mental health disorders for the unemployed, students, partnered women with children, unpartnered women with children, and people not in the labour force. Mental disorders are classified into depressive (or affective) disorders, substance-use disorders and anxiety disorders.Key findings of the report indicate that mental disorders are much more prevalent among income support recipients than the rest of the population: - More than 30 per cent of income support recipients (or one in three) have a diagnosable mental health disorder compared to 18.6 per cent for non-recipients. - Substance-use disorders are more prevalent among people receiving unemployment benefits and students. - Lone mothers are 3 to 4 times more likely to be suffering from clinical anxiety or depressive disorders than the rest of the population. The paper suggests that these findings support the direction of current strategies introduced in Australians Working Together such as Personal Advisors and the Personal Support Programme. It also notes that there is the potential to identify mental disorders and connect services early through the following strategies: - Build capacity to address mental health issues in mainstream services - Improve assessment and screening processes - Educate customer service staff to improve awareness of mental health issues - Integrate mental health and employment programs - Use principles of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to build self-efficacy in employment programs - Further consideration of the psychological factors of sanctions and penalties for breaching.
A Markov chain analysis of the size of hog production firms in the United States

The U.S. hog industry expanded rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s. Along with this expansion, hog farms have become larger, partly due to economies of size and new business arrangements. Using markov chain analysis, this study analyzes the movement of hog farms among three different size categories. Results indicate that the hog-corn price ratio has continued to affect the entry and exit of small hog farms, and has influenced the movement of hog farms among size categories. Interest rates, processing capacity, and agglomeration economies have impacted new entry of hog farms in the Unites States lL110, L230r. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The RNA-binding protein Musashi 2 regulates asymmetric neural precursor cell divisions of the developing cerebral cortex

THE RNA-BINDING PROTEIN MUSASHI2 REGULATES ASYMMETRIC NEURAL PRECURSOR CELL DIVISIONS OF THE DEVELOPING CEREBRAL CORTEX Kathryn E. Reynolds Advisor: University of Guelph, 2016 Dr. John P. Vessey The brain’s complex cortical circuitry is generated through asymmetric divisions of neural precursor cells (NPCs). These divisions produce one NPC plus one differentiated neuron or intermediate progenitor, due in part to localization of fate determinants to a single region of the dividing cell. This research identifies Musashi2 (mMsi2) as a critical component of cortical asymmetric NPC division. Temporal expression profiles and in vitro immunofluorescence detected mMsi2 within NPCs and some neurons of the mouse cortex throughout neurogenesis. shRNA knockdown in cortical primary culture demonstrated that mMsi2 loss increases NPCs and proportionally decreases neurons and intermediate progenitors, while mMsi2 knockdown in utero similarly increased cells within immature layers of the mouse cortex. mMsi2 overexpression in cortical primary culture again increased NPCs, suggesting that developmental mMsi2 expression must be tightly regulated. Together, these results indicate that mMsi2 promotes neuronal formation during asymmetric NPC division, and is therefore essential to cortical development.
Effective Burden of Business Taxation and Tax Eff ort of Local Governments

This paper explores to what extent governments consider the effective tax burden of their tax policies. More specifically, the paper asks whether governments set higher statutory tax rates, if the effective tax burden on business is reduced. To address this question, the paper exploits an odd institution in the German federal income tax code, which substantially changed the effective tax burden of the local business tax. A federal tax reform enacted in 2008 made a large part of the business tax deductible from the federal income tax. This paper provides evidence that this implicit subsidy has drastic effects on local tax effort. The empirical analysis exploits the fact the reform has created a quasi-experiment, as the tax burden is treated only below a certain threshold, thus creating a kink point in the public budget constraint. By now, more than 10% of German municipalities have set local tax rates identical to this threshold level, causing excess bunching within the tax rate distribution of more than 10,000 local governments. Using this phenomenon, I will be able to estimate the elasticity of the tax base.
Associations between climate stress and coral reef diversity in the western Indian Ocean

Climatic–oceanographic stress and coral reef diversity were mapped in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) in order to determine if there were associations between high diversity coral reefs and regions with low‐to‐moderate climate stress. A multivariate stress model developed to estimate environmental exposure to stress, an empirical index of the coral community's susceptibility to stress, and field data on numbers of fish and corals taxa from 197 WIO sites were overlain to evaluate these associations. Exposure to stress was modeled from satellite data based on nine geophysical–biological oceanographic characteristics known to influence coral bleaching (i.e. temperature, light, and current variables). The environmental stress model and the coral community's susceptibility index were moderately correlated (r=−0.51) with southern and eastern parts of the WIO identified as areas with low environmental stress and coral communities with greater dominance of bleaching stress‐sensitive taxa. Numbers of coral and fish taxa were positive and moderately correlated (r=0.47) but high diversity regions for fish were in the north and west while diversity was highest for corals in central regions from Tanzania to northwestern Madagascar. Combining three and four of these variables into composite maps identified a region from southern Kenya to northern Mozambique across to northern–eastern Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and the Mozambique–South Africa border as areas where low‐moderate environmental exposure overlaps with moderate‐high taxonomic diversity. In these areas management efforts aimed at maintaining high‐diversity and intact ecosystems are considered least likely to be undermined by climate disturbances in the near term. Reducing additional human disturbances, such as fishing and pollution, in these areas is expected to improve the chances for their persistence. These reefs are considered a high priority for increased local, national, and international management efforts aimed at establishing coral reef refugia for climate change impacts.
Concentrated Share Ownership and Financial Performance of Listed Companies in Ghana

Investment on the Ghana Stock Exchange has attracted keen interest from within and outside the country. Foreign investors have grown substantially in developing markets over the last two decades, parallel with the increase in their impact. These investors seek to own large proportions of equities as well as acquire State Owned Enterprises, and as a result they have become influential on the performance of companies in which they invest. Previous studies show no conclusive evidence on the direction of the role of share ownership on the financial performance of firms especially in developing economies. This research attempts to examine the effect of share ownership and investors' involvement on performance of investee companies. The study was conducted using panel data regression analysis and Performance was measured by using Tobin's Q and Return on Asset (RoA). Significant statistical relationships were found in this research. The results of the research suggest that share ownership on the Ghana Stock Exchange is heavily concentrated in the hands of Ghanaians and that ownership concentration, institutional and insider ownership precipitate higher firm financial performance. There is the need to encourage concentrated ownership structure. Also, investments by insider and institutional ownerships should be promoted in order to ensure proper monitoring, reduced agency costs and improve performance. Keywords: ownership structure, concentration, financial performance, Ghana stock exchange
MULTI-VIEW FACE DETECTION OVER MULTI-CAMERA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS

In this paper, we propose a multi-view face detection system that locates head positions and indicates the direction of each face in 3-D space over a multi-camera surveillance system. To locate 3-D head positions, conventional methods relied on face detection in 2-D images and projected the face regions back to 3-D space for correspondence. However, the inevitable false face detection and rejection usually degrades the system performance. Instead, our system searches for the heads and face directions over the 3-D space using a sliding cube. Each searched 3-D cube is projected onto the 2-D camera views to determine the existence and direction of human faces. Moreover, a pre-process to estimate the locations of candidate targets is illustrated to speed-up the searching process over the 3-D space. In summary, our proposed method can efficiently fuse multi-camera information and suppress the ambiguity caused by detection errors. Our evaluation shows that the proposed approach can efficiently indicate the head position and face direction on real video sequences even under serious occlusion.
Runoff generation in a high boreal wetland in northern Canada

The stable isotope composition of water and major-ion concentrations were measured in a small catchment tributary to Manners Creek, situated in the zone of discontinuous permafrost near Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories. Hydrograph separation calculations based on 6180 and 62~ values of snow, active-layer water, and streamflow reveal that snowmelt contributions were secondary to active-layer storage contributions throughout the spring freshet period of 1990. At the time of peak spring runoff an estimated 40 to 50 % of streamflow was contributed by snowmelt, while over the entire spring period only 25 to 30 % of streamflow was contributed by snowmelt. Overland and pipe flow are shown to be important mechanisms of rapid snowmelt runoff from permafrost slopes.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OF THE KENYATTA UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER , 2013

XI CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 4 1.3 Research Objective. 5 1.4 Research Questions . 6 1.5 Scope of the Study . 6 1.6 Significance of the Study . 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.
Reliability Characteristics of La-doped High-k/Metal Gate nMOSFETs

The reliability of hafnium oxide gate dielectrics incorporating lanthanum (La) is investigated. nMOSFETs with metal/La-doped high-k dielectric stack show lower V th and I gate , which is attributed to the dipole formation at the high-k/SiO₂ interface. The reliability results well correlate with the dipole model. Due to lower trapping efficiency, the La-doping of the high-k gate stacks can provide better PBTI immunity, as well as lower charge trapping compared to the control HfSiO stacks. While the devices with La show better immunity to positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) under normal operating conditions, the threshold voltage shift (ΔV th ) at high field PBTI is significant. The results of a transconductance shift (ΔG m ) that traps are easily generated during high field stress because the La weakens atomic bonding in the interface layer.
Factors Affecting the Value Relevance of Accounting Information

The present study examines the factors affecting the value relevance of accounting information for investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of six years. In this study, the effect of four factors; being profitable or loss generating, company size, earnings stability and company growth on the value relevance of accounting information have been studied. For this purpose Ohlson model and the cumulative regression analysis is used in order to examine the hypotheses and as the basis of data analysis T-test by Regression coefficient analysis is deployed. Findings confirm that these factors influence on the value relevance of accounting information for investors in Tehran Stock Exchange. Based on this study it can be concluded that accounting information of companies with profitability, small companies, companies with stable high earnings and companies with high growth rate are more value relevant in the Tehran’s stock market. These results are more useful for Iranian investors in their investing decision makings.
The Challenge of Market Power under Globalization

The legacy of Adam Smith leads to a false confidence on the optimality of laissez faire policies for the global market economy. Instead, the polarized character of current globalization deeply affects both developed and underdeveloped economies. Current globalization is characterized by factor exchange between economies of persistently unequal development. This implies the existence of persistent extraordinary market power in transnational corporations, reflected in their disproportionate participation in income and policy. These are shown to be steady state features of globalization in a convergence club model of development and underdevelopment including trade and FDI. Moreover, results in tax competition explain how the increased share of transnational profits under globalization leads to lower corporate taxes, more conservative policies, and weaker institutions for balancing market power. The increased level of market power under globalization poses a serious challenge for national and global governance that deeply impacts economic development, distribution, sustainability and democracy everywhere.
Effectivity of Methanotrophic Bacteria and Ochrobactrum Anthropi as Biofertilizer and Emission Reducer of CH4 and N2O in Inorganic Paddy Fields

Global warming is the increasing of earth’s surface temperature which can occurred due to agricultural activities. Agricultural activities contribute to the global warming as sources of CH4 and N2O emissions. Application of methanotrophic bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Azotobacter and Azospirillum combination could reduce the emission of CH4 and N2O. In addition, these bacteria can fix nitrogen (N2) to enhance the plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effectivity of methanotrophic bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Azotobacter and Azospirillum combination as biofertilizer and emission reducer of CH4 and N2O in the inorganic paddy fields. This experiment was arranged by treating 100% dosage of inorganic fertilizer as positive control, 25% dosage of inorganic fertilizer and 25% dosage of inorganic fertilizer mixed by biofertilizer. The observations were made on the growth parameters and the rate of gas fluxes. The combination of bacterial isolates could increase rice growth, grain yield productivity by 67.53% and they also could reduce CH4 and N2O emission. 
The shapes of things to come: probability density quantiles

ABSTRACT For every discrete or continuous location-scale family having a square-integrable density, there is a unique continuous probability distribution on the unit interval that is determined by the density-quantile composition introduced by Parzen in 1979. These probability density quantiles (pdQs) only differ in shape, and can be usefully compared with the Hellinger distance or Kullback–Leibler divergences. Convergent empirical estimates of these pdQs are provided, which leads to a robust global fitting procedure of shape families to data. Asymmetry can be measured in terms of distance or divergence of pdQs from the symmetric class. Further, a precise classification of shapes by tail behaviour can be defined simply in terms of pdQ boundary derivatives.
Overeducation and skill-biased technical change

Abstract There is evidence that rising overeducation has coincided with rapid skill-biased technical change (SBTC). This paper shows that a SBTC can cause a rise in overeducation as firms looking for educated workers become more selective and turn down the less skilled candidates. This result, while consistent with the evidence, is in contrast with the implications of recent search and matching models of the labor market. Here we present a model of a segmented labor market, with imperfect correlation between the individual ability and the observed education of workers, and a fixed cost of setting up a job. A numerical illustration for the US in the period 1970–1990 demonstrates that overeducation rises and that it can in turn be significant for the response of unemployment rates and wage inequality to a SBTC.
Screening of Siderophore Producers from Soil

Iron is a vital nutrient for the maintenance of enzymatic function, electron transport, DNA synthesis, and other metabolic processes. Thus, bacteria and other microorganisms cope with iron deficiency by secreting high-affinity iron chelators called siderophores. This investigation aimed to characterize siderophore-producing soil bacteria. The soil provides the most complex ecological environment where one can look for promising siderophores to be used for treating either iron overload conditions or to be used as an antibiotic carrier.
Prehistoric earthquake history revealed by lacustrine slump deposits

Five strong paleoseismic events were recorded in the past 15 k.y. in a series of slump deposits in the subsurface of Lake Lucerne, central Switzerland, revealing for the first time the paleoseismic history of one of the most seismically active areas in central Europe. Although many slump deposits in marine and lacustrine environments were previously attributed to historic earthquakes, the lack of detailed three-dimensional stratigraphic correlation in combination with accurate dating hampered the use of multiple slump deposits as paleoseismic indicators. This study investigated the fingerprint of the well-described A.D. 1601 earthquake (I = VII–VIII, Mw ∼ 6.2) in the sediments of Lake Lucerne. The earthquake triggered numerous synchronous slumps and megaturbidites within different subbasins of the lake, producing a characteristic pattern that can be used to assign a seismic triggering mechanism to prehistoric slump events. For each seismic event horizon, the slump synchronicity was established by seismic-stratigraphic correlation between individual slump deposits through a quasi-three-dimensional high-resolution seismic survey grid. Four prehistoric events, dated by accelerator mass spectrometry, 14C measurements, and tephrochronology on a series of long gravity cores, occurred at 2420, 9770, 13,910, and 14,560 calendar yr ago. These recurrence times are essential factors for assessing seismic hazard in the area. The seismic hazard for lakeshore communities is additionally amplified by slump-induced tsunami and seiche waves. Numerical modeling of such tsunami waves revealed wave heights to 3 m, indicating tsunami risk in lacustrine environments.
User-friendly reconfiguration of AGV layouts

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are an important part of the industry today, performing a wide range of tasks, including transport, lifting and cleaning. Most modern AGVs travel on predefined paths in a layout, using wireless navigation such as lasers or inertial systems. The reasons for why an AGV’s predefined path might need changing are many. For instance a leak from the roof might occur just above the path of the AGV, a pallet crate might be (mis)placed between two nodes or another AGV might break down while dealing with some task. Today only one way of dealing with this kind of problems exists: an engineer needs to be invited to reconfigure the path. This might take time and money and is one of the main reasons why smaller companies refrain from utilizing AGVs. This project presents an application that allows any operator on site to redefine the path between two consecutive nodes. The application requires the operator to drive the vehicle around the obstacle in an appropriate way. The operator might sample data along the way, which is not necessary, but gives more options later on. The application analyses the driven path and sample data (if such exists) and suggests 1-4 different paths. The paths are created using combinations of clothoids, NURBS, B-splines and straight lines, giving every path different properties. The paths are calculated within a few seconds, are driveable, merge with the path prior as well as after the new segment and allow the AGV to drive at high speed when appropriate. As the application is unaware of the character of the obstacle it is up to the operator to choose the path best suited in the specific situation. By choosing one of the paths the operator changes the predefined route of the AGV between these nodes and the newly generated path will be used until further notice.
Robustness Analysis of a Preliminary Design of a CESTOL AircraftA

Als Teil des Sonderforschungsbereichs 880 werden Aktivitaten im Flugzeugvorentwurf fur eine neue Klasse von larmarmen leistungsfahigen Transportflugzeugen mit den Fahigkeiten von Kurzstart und -landung (CESTOL) durchgefuhrt. Ein entsprechendes Flugzeug stellt sich wegen des Einsatzes aktiver Hochauftriebssysteme vollig anders dar als ein Verkehrsflugzeug auf dem Stand aktueller Technik. Der Umstand, dass neue Technologien noch nicht genugend verstanden werden, in Kombination mit der Annahme ublicher Entwurfsdaten und der Verwendung klassischer Berechnungsmethoden, aussert sich in Unsicherheiten epistemischen Charakters. Die Robustheit eines deterministischen CESTOL Flugzeugentwurfs gegenuber Parametern wie dem notwendigen Schub, den direkten Betriebskosten oder den Start- und Landebahnlangen wird hier im Hinblick auf die genannten Unsicherheiten untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine stochastische Beschreibung von Entwurfsparametervariationen formuliert. Stochastische Grosen zur Beurteilung der Robustheit werden uber eine Monte-Carlo-Simulation bestimmt. Eine verteilte komponentenbasierte Software-Implementierung wird zur Durchfuhrung der Monte-Carlo-Simulation herangezogen. Das Softwaresystem ist auf einem Linux-Cluster mit mehreren Multi-CPU-Rechnern installiert; eine deterministische Stichprobe wird durch das Entwurfsprogramm PrADO simuliert.
The role of guarantees in pension plan design: Pension saving decisions

This study centers on the assessment of psychological value of guarantees in pension products and the behavior biases associated with choice. When a guarantee on a product increases from 99% to 99,5% less than half of respondents show willingness to pay in contrast with 73% when going from 99,5% to 100%. Out of 105 respondents, 55 show that their choices concerning pension products are inconsistent with classic utility theory. Financial background proves insignificant thus pointing to behavioral biases. As individuals make choices that leave them worse-off, we argue that pension plan design would highly benefit from public policy
Ground-based and in-situ studies of plasma phenomena affecting transionospheric radio signals

Plasma irregularities in the Earth's ionosphere influence propagation of radio waves. They can lead to scintillations of signal received on the ground, which can degrade the accuracy and quality of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This study focuses on the effects of polar cap patches, auroral blobs and pure aurora, and relating these phenomena to different levels of GPS scintillations at high latitudes. Ground-based studies are complemented by in-situ measurements.