Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentrations and quality of DOC along the terrestrial–aquatic continuum in a boreal forested catchment

C cycling and dissolved organic C (DOC) inputs to boreal aquatic systems probably will change substantially with climate change. DOC concentrations already are increasing in surface waters. Terrestrial C is a major source of C to boreal freshwater ecosystems, but the interface between these 2 ecosystems, the riparian zone, has not been studied often. To improve our understanding of the importance of terrestrial inputs of DOC to aquatic systems from surrounding forests, we followed the changes of DOC concentration along a continuum of precipitation, throughfall, soil water, ground water, lake, and brook water in a pristine, boreal, forested headwater catchment and developed a lake C balance based on terrestrial and lacustrine C fluxes. We also examined DOC quality changes using the ratio of absorbance at 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6). DOC concentrations increased from 2.4 mg/L in precipitation to 132.3 mg/L in soil water as water passed through the terrestrial ecosystem. DOC concentrations in the riparian zone were correlated with DOC concentrations in the adjacent outflowing brook but not in the headwater lake. E4/E6 ratios indicated that the DOC in precipitation and throughfall was dominated by higher molecular weight compounds and that the DOC in soil and ground water was dominated by lower molecular weight compounds. The input of terrestrial DOC to the aquatic ecosystem was estimated to be 5 to 13 g C m−2 y−1, which is small compared with the C fluxes between atmosphere and vegetation, but can significantly decrease the net ecosystem exchange of an old-growth forest catchment. Terrestrial DOC was a major source of C in the lake, rendering it heterotrophic. The DOC export (3 g DOC m−2 y−1) made up almost 70% of total C export.
Critical, pupal and adult weights in the size related metamorphosis of the black lyre leafroller ‘Cnephasia’ jactatana

Adult reproductive performance is linked to the period of feeding done by the final instar larva after attainment of a larval critical weight (LCW). The highest weight attained by a final instar larva is referred to as the larval maximum weight (LMW) and is the onset of the pre‐pupal period. The relationships between LCW, pupal weight (PW) and adult weight (AW) are described as functions of the LMW. In the leafroller ‘Cnephasia’ jactatana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), LCW was dependent on larval size and was approximately 75% of the mean LMW. LCW was about 29 mg and 36 mg for male and female larvae of 1.18 mm and 1.20 mm head‐capsule width, respectively. Over three successive generations of laboratory rearing, PW was approximately 30% and 25% lower than the LMW for males and females, respectively. AW was consistently about 50% and 40% lower than the PW for males and females, respectively. The decrease in weight from LMW to PW was named as the constant DP and found to be 0.3 for males and 0.25 for females. The total decrease from LMW to AW was the constant DA and was 0.6 for males and 0.5 for females. The duration of the latent feeding period was positively correlated to PW and AW. LCW may be used to derive quality indices that describe and predict pupal and adult performance.
Antarctic marine primary production, biogeochemical carbon cycles and climatic change

In the Southern Ocean, inorganic macronutrients are very rarely depleted by phytoplankton growth. This has led to speculation on possible additional CO $\_{2}$ drawdown in this region. However, the effects of climate change can only be predicted once the role of environmental and biotic factors limiting phytoplankton carbon fixation are understood. It is clear that the Southern Ocean is heterogeneous, and no single factor controls primary production overall. Ice cover and vertical mixing influence algal growth rates by modulating radiance flux. Micronutrients, especially iron, may limit growth in some areas. Primary production is also suppressed by high removal rates of algal biomass. Grazing by zooplankton is the major factor determining magnitude and quality of vertical particle flux. Several of the physical controls on phytoplankton production are sensitive to climate change. Although it is impossible to make numerical predictions of future change on the basis of our present knowledge, qualitative assessments can be put forward on the basis of model predictions of climate change and known factors controlling primary production. Changes in water temperature and in wind-induced mixing are likely to be slight and have little effect. Model predictions of changes in sea-ice cover vary widely, making prediction of biogeochemical effects impossible. Even if climatic change induces increased nutrient uptake, there are several reasons to suspect that carbon sequestration will be ineffective in comparison with continuing anthropogenic CO $\_{2}$ emission.
Root Cytokinin Level in Relation to Heat Tolerance of Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus vulgaris

Heat stress influences plant growth and crop production. This research was conducted to determine the importance of root cytokinin level in plant heat tolerance. Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray) and heat tolerant (GNUI 59) and heat sensitive (BBL 47) genotypes of common bean (P. vulgaris L.) were used to determine root and leaf cytokinin levels under 45°C air temperature and either 45 or 25°C root temperature. The concentrations of root zeatin riboside (ZR) were about two- to three-fold higher in tepary bean and GNUI 59 than in BBL 47 under all conditions. Root isopentenyl adenosine ([9R]iP) was much lower than root ZR. High shoot/root temperature (45/45°C) for 5 reduced the root ZR and [gR]iP concentrations in all three genotypes. Heat treatments did not alter leaf ZR and [9R]iP. Pretreatment with exogenous ZR (1 μM) did not show any alleviation from heat injury in terms of photosynthetic activity, even though endogenous ZR levels increased, compared with those without ZR pretreatment. Reciprocal grafting of BBL 47 shoots on tepary roots increased leaf ZR level at high temperature but did not increase photosynthetic activity. Results suggest that root ZR level is not important in determining plant heat tolerance. This research was supported in part by BARD project US-851-84.
In situ nutrient enrichment: Methods for marine benthic ecology.

Nutrient enrichment of marine sediments or the water column has been used to study plant nutrient limitation and its cascading effects on community structure, Here we develop methodological recommendations for in situ enrichment. We review 18 published enrichment methods. Nutrient concentrations varied through time and among sites, with sediment depth, distance from the source, fertilizer type and load. Combining available data, we could predict an increase in sediment porewater phosphate (r 2 = 0.48) but not ammonium (r 2 = 0.07) concentrations in a multiple regression model. In three comparative field experiments we applied a coated slow-release fertilizer in the sediment and the water column and followed nutrient concentrations over time. We recommend coated fertilizer pellets, because they provide gradual nutrient release, allow for realistic nutrient gradients, and even application but we emphasize that nutrient concentrations need to be monitored through time.
THE EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE ON THE APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY, SERUM CONCENTRATION AND APPARENT RETENTION OF DIETARY MINERALS IN DAIRY CATTLE

CaCO3 was added to a hay-grain ration already adequate in nutrients to determine the effect of doubling the Ca content of the ration on apparent digestibilities and serum levels of 11 minerals. Sixteen dairy cattle of two breeds (Holstein and Ayrshire) were randomly assigned to the control (0.7% Ca) or Ca-treatment (1.5% Ca) based on calving order. Each animal was fed to appetite for 80 days postpartum with no difference (P > 0.05) occurring between treatments in intake when expressed as a percentage of body weight. Five animals from each treatment were exposed to a 5-day digestibility trial. No change in organic matter apparent digestibility occurred but there were higher (P < 0.05) levels of Ca and Fe, increased (P < 0.01) levels of Cu, and lower (P < 0.05) Zn and Mo apparent digestibilities for animals on the Ca-treatment. Fecal pH was higher (P < 0.05) in the Ca-treated cows indicating a buffering action of the added CaCO3. In the serum, Ca and Zn concentrations were higher (P < 0.01), Cu increased (P.
Secure data on multi-cloud using Homomorphic Encryption

- The purpose of homomorphic encryption is to allow computation on encrypted data. Thus data can remain confidential while it is processed, enabling useful tasks to be accomplished with data residing in entrusted environments. In a world of distributed computation and heterogeneous networking this is a hugely valuable capability. Many conventional encryption schemes possess either multiplicative or additive homomorphic property and are currently in use for respective applications. Yet, a Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) scheme which could perform any arbitrary computation over encrypted data appeared in 2009 as Gentry’s work. In this paper, we propose a multi-cloud architecture of N distributed servers to repartition the data and to nearly allow achieving an FHE.
Internal Shocks in the Magnetic Reconnection Jet: 2D MHD Simulations of a Bursty Time-Dependent Reconnection

The space solar missions such as Yohkohand RHESSIobserve the hard X-and gamma-ray emission from energetic electrons in impulsive solar flares. The energization mechanism of these particles, however, is not known. In this paper, we suggest that the internal shocks are created in the reconnection jet and that they are possible sites of particle acceleration. We examine how the magnetic reconnection creates the multiple shocks by performing two-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations. In this paper, we use very small grid to resolve the diffusion region. As the results, we find that the current sheet evolves as follows: It becomes thin due to the tearing instability, and it collapses to Sweet-Parker current sheet. The thin sheet becomes unstable to tearing instability again. The fast reconnection starts by the onset of anomalous resistivity immediately after the secondary tearing instability. During the fast reconnection, many plasmoids are created the secondary tearing instability and ejected along the current sheet so that internal shocks are created in the reconnection jet. This situation is a turbulent reconnection. We suggest that the multiple fast shocks are created in the jet and that the energetic electrons can be accelerated by them.
GEOMETRY OF OCTONIONS

The simple classical compact groups SOn, SUn, Spn are related to the division algebras R,C,H (reals, complex numbers, quaternions). The exceptional groups G2, F4, E6, E7, E8 are somehow related to the remaining normed division algebra, the octonions O, but the relation is not quite easy to understand, except for G2 = Aut(O). We will start with Hurwitz’ theorem stating that R,C,H,O are all possible normed division algebras over the reals (construction included). Then we will turn to the octonionic projective plane and its connection to F4 and E6. I tell what I know about the relation to E7 and E8. I also explain the relation of the octonions to real Bott periodicity.
GRANT journal (06/02)

Abstrakt This contribution paper focuses on individuals suffering from dementia (especially in this case, light type of Alzheimer’s disease). The research includes testing of 20 probands which were divided by an intentional selection into two groups: experimental (active participation on further special-pedagogical and ergotherapeutic, also known as work therapy intervention) and control group (passive participation during intervention). The testing was initiated by entrance examinations with the use of standardized Montreal cognitive test. The same test was then used after the intervention within a framework of output testing and the collected data were then compared with each other. The following results than pointed to the fact, that regular intervention for seniors suffering from Alzheimer’s with the use of modern technologies (in this particular case game consoles connected with the Kinect system sensors) and classic “paper and pencil” tests had certain amount of influence on the results of the experimental group, which achieved slightly better results than passive control group which stagnated, or got worse compared with the results at the beginning.
Past, present and future of RSV and PIV vaccines and anti-RSV antibodies for the protection of humans against RSV

The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a human pathogen that infects infants, children under 2 years of age and elderly people, causing a lower respiratory tract infection, while evading the host's adaptive immune response. This review summarises the efforts to develop a safe vaccine and synthetic antibodies for immunisation of infants and children at risk. The first formalin-inactivated human RSV vaccine, FI-RSV, was developed and tested during the 1960s in infants and children. The results of this human trial revealed that control children, who were not vaccinated, recovered from RSV infection, while the vaccinated children required hospitalisation and two infants died. These results led to attempts to develop a cold-passage, temperature-sensitive (cpts) attenuated RSV vaccine. This vaccine was tested in small laboratory animals, monkeys and chimpanzees, and finally in children. The results of the human trial (published in 2005) revealed that the cpts vaccine was over-attenuated. RSV recombinants and parainfluenza virus recombinants developed in additional studies were tested in small laboratory animals. The unsuccessful attempts to produce an RSV vaccine led to the development of humanised anti-RSV mouse monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) that were approved by the FDA for passive immunisation of infants and children at risk of aggravated RSV disease. Recent studies with formalin-inactivated bovine RSV vaccine formulated with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) protected newborn calves against RSV challenge. It is suggested that an apathogenic attenuated RSV deletion mutant, formulated with MPL and devoid of the viral genes that result in evasion of the human adaptive immune response, may be a useful vaccine.
Probing silence: Structural constraints on ellipsis

This manuscript argues for a novel approach to the resolution of certain elliptical constructions which takes as its starting point the abstract morphological constraints the head licensing the ellipsis site has to satisfy. Several phenomena for instance the relative acceptability of verbal ellipsis with nominal antecedents, voice alternations under ellipsis, differential island repairing properties of sluicing and complementary distribution between sluicing and local binding of pronouns are given a narrowly syntactic account and are shown to follow from standard minimalist assumptions and interfaces effects.
The impact of governance on poverty reduction Sub-saharan Africa

This article attempts to explore the relationship between governance and poverty reduction. Throughout this work, we have tried to clearly answer the following questions: What is the effect of governance indicators on poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa? In this framework, the basic assumption was the existence of a direct effect of governance on poverty reduction. The study of this hypothesis was formulated in a static model applied to the data available on the countries of sub-Saharan Africa between 1996-2016. The results of our regressions show that governance indicators have a positive and negative effect on poverty reduction in subSaharan African countries. This result implies that governance factors play an important role in poverty and the primary role of government effectiveness. The relationship between governance and poverty reduction varies by stage of development. But notes significant differences between African regions. This supports our contention that governance has more impact on poverty reduction in the poorer regions than in rich sub-Saharan Africa. For example, the relationship between government effectiveness and poverty reduction is positive and significant for Central and Eastern Africa, it is not significant in Southern Africa is negative and significant in west Africa.
Sleep deprivation and personality-Impact on simple and complex cognitive tasks

Sleep is important for body regeneration and cognitive performance [1]. On the one hand, total sleep deprivation (SD) has in general a negative impact on cognitive performance [1], on the other hand, there are significant individual differences in the vulnerability to SD [2,3]. Personality factors may partially explain these differences in vulnerability [4-6]. In a study on collaborative operations in control rooms we examine the influence of SD on controlled, artificial cognitive tasks and complex, more realistic cognitive tasks which involve collaboration in teams. For the complex tasks, a computer based simulation of monitoring and decision-making in control centers was used. In this simulation subjects work in teams of three in the control centre of a production plant. Their tasks require visual attention and logical reasoning. Furthermore, they are to make decisions which involve varying risks for themselves or for their teammates. We are interested if and how personality factors influence the impact of SD on cognitive performance. We hope that the findings help to optimize working conditions for shift workers like clinic personnel and air traffic controller.
Prospects and Significance of Oral Veillonella

Oral biofilm causes many oral infections, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Oral Veillonella has been suggested to have important roles in the early stages of oral biofilm formation. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the functional mechanisms of oral Veillonella in oral biofilm formation to prevent many oral infections. In this article, I summarize the characteristics of genus Veillonella , especially the oral Veillonella species, based on classification and phenotypical identification methods. This article also reviews recent findings, such as specific PCR primers to identify oral Veillonella at the genus and species level, the distribution and frequency of oral Veillonella on the tongue, in the saliva, and in subgingival biofilm, and the relationship, involving autoinducers, between oral Veillonella species and oral Streptococcus species reported as initial colonizers in biofilm formation produced by Veillonella species. Furthermore, this review introduces interesting results obtained by 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of salivary samples, and the possibility of the occurrence of many novel oral Veillonella species demonstrated in phylogenetic studies based on rpoB and dnaK gene sequence analysis. Although these new findings reviewed in this article are very important, they are not sufficient to understand the role of oral Veillonella in oral biofilm formation. New knowledge on oral Veillonella needs to be gathered which might help in the preventing oral biofilm formation and cure of oral infections. 北海道医療大学歯学雑誌 36 (1-15)平成29年 1 (75) 第36巻2号 4C150 1C133/本文 ※31‐1から組体裁変更 OTF/001~015 総説 NAKAZA 4C 2018.01. 23 16.59. 59 Page 1
Bipyrrole boomerangs via Pd-mediated tandem cyclization–oxygenation. Controlling reaction selectivity and electronic properties

Boomerang-shaped bipyrroles containing donor–acceptor units were obtained through a tandem palladium-mediated reaction consisting of a cyclization step, involving double C–H bond activation, and a double α-oxygenation. The latter reaction can be partly suppressed for the least reactive systems, providing access to α-unsubstituted boomerangs for the first time. These “α-free” systems are highly efficient fluorophores, with emission quantum yields exceeding 80% in toluene. Preliminary measurements show that helicene-like boomerangs may be usable as circularly polarized luminescent materials.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND BIOACTIVITY STUDIES OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA (TWIGS AND LEAVES)

Malaysia lack and inadequate research about Ziziphus mauritiana. Two part of Z. mauritiana plant obtained which are leaves and twigs for this study. Z. mauritiana extraction processes conducted using three difference polarity of solvents which are hexane, chloroform and methanol by cool extraction method. The highest yield percentage is chloroform leaves extract which is 3.71%. The phytochemical analysis study revealed that many secondary metabolites presence inside Z. mauritiana such as alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, phenol, saponin, steroid, sterol, tannin and terpenoid but for leave part only absence of saponin detected. In thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, the mixture of solvent system used are hexane and chloroform with ratio 3:7 or 1:9 to obtain good separation of compound under short (254 nm) and long (366 nm) wavelength UV lamp. Antibacterial activity examined using disc diffusion method toward Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. conducted. The highest maximum zone inhibition diameter recorded is hexane leaves crude extract on S. aureus bacteria which is 15 mm. In addition, antioxidant study discovered the highest percentage found on crude extract of methanol.
Developing Intelligent Systems for Library Works and Services using Declarative Language: a Case Study of Library Classification

This research article attempts to build an intelligent system for library activities specially library classification in the automated environment. Basically this approach is highly interdisciplinary one encompassing Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Expert Systems (ES), the branches of Artificial Intelligence (AI). An overview on computer programming languages mentioning the advantages of declarative language over the procedural language in respect of AI based programming is given. The usage of logic based representation of knowledge in the field of Library and Information Science with a special reference to library classification is mentioned. Describes the procedure of logic programming mentioning the reason of choosing PROLOG (Programming in Logic), a declarative language, for developing knowledge base and rules for expert systems. Mentions also the reason of using first order predicate logic (FOPL) for this purpose. A new line of thinking is introduced for betterment of the library works and services. Discusses the importance of declarative programming language for developing AI based system. Shows the method of declaring facts in the form of frame and developing rules for constructing classification number using to Prolog code. A small knowledge base and a few rules as sample for developing an automatic library classification system and its functioning techniques are demonstrated as case study of analytico synthetic classification.