Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and antibiogram of common mastitis-causing bacteria in Beetal goats

Background and Aim: Mastitis has been identified as the most prevalent and economically imperative disease among dairy animals. Thus, understanding its common bacterial pathogens and risk factors is necessary to improve udder health at herd, region, or country level. However, scientific research on caprine mastitis, especially on Beetal breed, has remained to be insufficient in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and antibiogram assay of common mastitis-causing bacterial agents, that is, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli, in dairy goats. Materials and Methods: In total, 500 Beetal goats, irrespective of age and those that were not treated with any kind of antimicrobial agents during the past 120 h, were screened using California Mastitis Test in Pattoki, Kasur District, whereas epidemiological factors were recorded. The milk samples of mastitic goats were then collected and processed using standard methods. Each sample was primarily cultured on nutrient agar. Using a specific medium, each bacterial colony was separated using several streak methods. Six antibiotic disks belonging to different antibiotic groups were used for antibiogram profiling of bacterial isolates. Chi-square test was used to assess the association of baseline characteristics and mastitis occurrence. Meanwhile, multivariable logistic regression (p<0.001) was utilized to determine the risk factors associated with positive and negative dichotomous outcome of mastitis. Results: The results revealed that the overall prevalence of goat mastitis was 309 (61.8%), in which 260 (52%) and 49 (9.8%) cases were positive for subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM), respectively. Streptococcus and E. coli were found to be the predominant isolates causing SCM and CM, respectively (p<0.001). It was observed that amoxicillin+clavulanic acid was highly sensitive to isolates of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus and ceftiofur sodium to isolates of Streptococcus and E. coli. , while enrofloxacin was found to be sensitive to isolates of Streptococcus and E. coli. Risk factors such as herd structure, deworming, vaccination, presence of ticks, use of teat dip and mineral supplements, feeding type, age, parity, housing, blood in the milk, milk leakage, milk taste, and milk yield were found to have the strongest association with mastitis occurrence, while ease of milking has moderate association. Conclusion: In the area examined, cases of SCM were found to be higher compared with that of CM, and ceftiofur sodium has been identified as the preferred treatment in both clinical and subclinical forms of caprine mastitis in Beetal goats. Risk factors for mastitis that was identified in this study can form the basis for the creation of an udder health control program specific for dairy goats. We hope our findings could raise awareness of the risk factors and treatment approaches for common mastitis-causing bacterial agents.
Partial Completion as a Nonprofit Strategy

Problem definition: Faced with the challenge of serving beneficiaries with heterogeneous needs and under budget constraints, some nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have adopted an innovative solution: providing partially complete products or services to beneficiaries. We seek to understand what drives an NPO’s choice of partial completion as a design strategy and how it interacts with the level of variety offered in the NPO’s product or service portfolio. Academic/practical relevance: Although partial product or service provision has been observed in the nonprofit operations, there is limited understanding of when it is an appropriate strategy—a void that we seek to fill in this paper. Methodology: We synthesize the practices of two NPOs operating in different contexts to develop a stylized analytical model to study an NPO’s product/service completion and variety choices. Results: We identify when and to what extent partial completion is optimal for an NPO. We also characterize a budget allocation structure for an NPO between product/service variety and completion. Our analysis sheds light on how beneficiary characteristics (e.g., heterogeneity of their needs, capability to self-complete) and NPO objectives (e.g., total-benefit maximization versus fairness) affect the optimal levels of variety and completion. Managerial implications: We provide three key observations. (1) Partial completion is not a compromise solution to budget limitations but can be an optimal strategy for NPOs under a wide range of circumstances, even in the presence of ample resources. (2) Partial provision is particularly valuable when beneficiary needs are highly heterogeneous, or beneficiaries have high self-completion capabilities. A higher self-completion capability generally implies a lower optimal completion level; however, it may lead to either a higher or a lower optimal variety level. (3) Although providing incomplete products may appear to burden beneficiaries, a lower completion level can be optimal when fairness is factored into an NPO’s objective or when beneficiary capabilities are more heterogeneous.
Paging Dr. JARVIS! Do people accept risk management advice from artificial intelligence in consequential decision contexts?

Artificial intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science based upon algorithms that can analyze data and make decisions autonomously, is becoming increasingly prevalent in the technology that powers modern society. Relatively little research has examined how humans modify their judgments in response to their interactions with AI. Our research explores how people respond to different types of risk management advice received from AI vs. a human expert in two contexts where AI is commonly deployed: medicine and finance. Through online studies with representative samples of Americans, we first find that participants generally prefer to receive medical and financial risk management advice from humans over AI. In two follow-up studies, we presented participants with a hypothetical medical or financial risk and asked them to make an initial decision—to address the risk immediately or to wait for more information—and to rate their confidence in this decision. Next, participants were informed that either a human expert or AI had analyzed their case and recommended either immediate risk management action or a wait-and-see approach. Participant then made a final decision using the same response scale as before. We compared participants’ initial and final decisions, examining the extent to which participants updated their decisions upon receiving their recommendation as a function of the recommendation itself and its source. We find that participants updated their decisions to a greater degree in response to recommendations from human experts as compared to AI, but the magnitude of this effect differed by context.
In Vitro and In Vivo Identification of Novel Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Human Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor s

Agonists at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors are important therapeutic agents in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Compared with the use of agonists, allosteric potentiators offer potential advantages such as temporal, regional, and phasic potentiation of natural signaling, and that of receptor subtype selectivity.We report the identification of a stereoselective interaction of a benzothiazol racemic compound that acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the rat and human dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. The R isomer did not directly stimulate the dopamine D2 receptor but potentiated the effects of dopamine. In contrast the S isomer attenuated the effects of the PAM and the effects of dopamine. In radioligand binding studies, these compounds do not compete for binding of orthosteric ligands, but indeed the R isomer increased the number of high-affinity sites for [H]-dopaminewithout affecting Kd. We went on to identify a more potent PAM for use in native receptor systems. This compound potentiated the effects of D2/D3 signaling in vitro in electrophysiologic studies ondissociated striatal neurons and in vivo on the effects of L-dopa in the 6OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) contralateral turning model. These PAMs lacked activity at a wide variety of receptors, lacked PAM activity at related Gi–coupled G protein-coupled receptors, and lacked activity at D1 receptors. However, the PAMs did potentiate [H]dopamine binding at both D2 and D3 receptors. Together, these studies show that we have identified PAMs of the D2 and D3 receptors both in vitro and in vivo. Such compounds may have utility in the treatment of hypodopaminergic function.
Organic amendments and phosphorus dynamics : III. Phosphorus speciation

Previous studies have shown that organic amendments decreased P sorption and affected distribution of P fractions in soils. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different amendments on the chemical speciation of P in soil solution. Soil samples of Jory (Xeric Haplohumult) and Tolo (Typic Vitrandept) were treated with 5% manure or 3 times the CaCO 3 or CaSO 4 required to neutralize exchangeable Al and incubated for 28 d. After incubation the samples were air-dried and subsequently brought to field capacity with deionized water or with a P solution of KH 2 PO 4 (33 mmol P kg -1 soil) and allowed to react (equilibrate) for 12 h. Soil solutions were extracted by centrifugation. Total concentrations of metals, inorganic ligands and DOC were measured in the soil solution. The computer program GEOCHEM was used to calculate the concentrations of the free metals, ligands and their complexes. Adding manure decreased the total soluble Al and Fe in soil solution and increased base cations and SO 4 . Total P in solution increased in : the samples that received manure or CaCO 3 in Jory soil ; and manure or CaSO 4 in Tolo soil. Phosphorus was oversaturated with respect to strengite and the percent distribution of phosphate with respect to this solid tended to decrease in the presence of manure. Calculation of the ion activity product (IAP) for variscite showed that P was in equilibrium with an amorphous analog of variscite. Citrate of the organic acids measured (malic, maleic, malonic, citrate, succinic, formic, and acetic) was the only organic acid that had a significant effect on P speciation. Model calculations suggest that citrate forms soluble complexes with Al, Ca, and Fe, preventing precipitation of strengite and solid Ca-PO 4 .
Magnetoresistance of potassium

Measurements of both the longitudinal and transverse high field magnetoresistivity of pure potassium have been made by the soft helicon and eddy current decay technique in large spherical samples. The longitudinal magnetoresistivity is found to rise considerably faster than the transverse component in high fields. Both components are found to be markedly dependent on sample preparation technique and to vary with crystallographic orientation.
Generation of HTML Code using Machine Learning Techniques from Mock-Up Images

- The designing of a website starts with building mock-ups for particular site web pages by manually or using visual computerization and specified mock-up development tools. Then mock-ups are transferred into structured HTML or comparable labeled code by programming engineers. It’s common practice for developers to transform a web page mock-up into code. This method is normally repeated on various more occasions until the perfect design is made. Sadly, this procedure is complicated and tedious. In this paper, we present an approach to automate the code generation from mock-ups which will reduce time and it is cost-effective. Some profound learning strategies are used to actualize the proposed framework.
Evaluation of Approximate Query Processing Systems

– Today data-intensive systems, such as e-business. e-procurement e-government, e-commerce etc. systems present a huge amount of available data. One of the main issues of query processing is how to process queries efficiently. In many cases, it is impossible or too expensive for users to get exact answers in a short query response time. Approximate query processing (AQP) is an alternative way that returns approximate answer and is increasingly used, as millions of data are processed daily in a database. In this paper, we evaluate two of the latest AQP systems with the best results in the literature: VerdictDB and XDB. We test these systems according to the query response time and accuracy of results returned, using queries of the TPC-H benchmark with different sizes. The VerdictDB and XDB are good tools for large volumes of data. The experiments demonstrate that VerdictDB results can be 76x faster than MySQL. However, with the same query response time, XDB returns results with more accuracy.
Hysteresis and Business Cycles, WP/20/73, May 2020

Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects. JEL Classification Numbers: E32, E60, O47
Optical study of perylene dye doped poly(methyl methacrylate) as fluorescent solar collector

The optical absorption of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), doped with perylene dye, prepared by both thermal polymerization and casting methods, has been measured before and after exposure to filtered or unfiltered light using xenon arc lamp or day light. The optical band gap of thermally polymerized PMMA was reduced by doping with perylene dye or exposure to UV radiation. Study of DSC and FTIR measurements confirmed that the samples prepared by thermal polymerization are more stable than solvent-cast samples. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of triple bonds as π-spacer units in metal-free organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Four metal-free organic sensitizers (TC101−TC104) with triple bonds in π-spacers and five reference dyes (TC, TC105, TPC1, D5, and TH208) without triple bonds were applied in dye-sensitized solar cells to study the influence of triple bonds as π-spacer units on their photoelectrochemical properties and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) performance. Results show that the introduction of triple bond could red-shift the dye’s absorption spectrum due to the enhancement of the π-spacer. However, the spectrum red-shift is much less than that of the introduction of double bond because of more electronegativity of triple bond. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency reveals that the electron transfer yield (Φ(ν)ET) of DSCs becomes larger with the introduction of triple bond. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals that the introduction of triple bond almost does not change the electron lifetimes in TiO2 films but decreases the effective diffusion lengths.
Anodic Porous and Tubular Oxide Layers on Ti Alloys

The present work investigates anodic oxide layers on Ti-Zr, Ti-Ta and Ti-Al alloys, focusing on how chemical compositions of the alloys and metallurgical textures can affect the resulting morphology of anodic oxide layers. The formation of porous and tubular oxide layers is achieved on all alloys The homogeneity of anodic oxide layers strongly depends on metallurgical textures of the alloys - on binary a + b Ti-Ta alloys, anodic oxide layers are not uniform while on single phase alloys such as Ti-Zr and Ti-Al, uniform oxide layers are formed. On the other hand, pore (tube) diameter and length are varied with the chemical compositions of the alloys. Emphasis is that on Ti-Al alloy, the morphological transition from pore morphology to tubular morphology can be observed depending the chemical compositions of the alloy.
Regulation Of Dc Link Voltage For Dynamic Braking System For Wind Turbine Pmsg

This paper proposes the Dynamic braking system for the Wind turbine power converter with DC chopper. When the Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) rotor speed is increased over speed, generator produce excess voltage. Due to this instant the load is disconnected immediately (grid power supply) at the same time power converter semiconductor device may get fail due to this over voltage. To avoid this excess voltage of the WTG is generator voltage is rectified and discharged. This dc voltage is discharged using super capacitor in existing method through the semiconductor switch. Since the super capacitor discharge time, the excess voltage not discharged properly in the existing system. The proposal system we used the resistor connected across the DC link through the semiconductor switching devices. When the dc voltage higher then user setting voltage then the semiconductor device switched ON state through the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). If found very high DC voltage, then the semiconductor fully ON state and discharge the dc voltage continuously until the voltage reduced the user defined setting voltage. The DC link voltage of WTG is regulated in the proposed system. This work is implemented and verified in the MATLAB Simulation and Developed prototype.
Optimal Pricing under Diffusion-Choice Models

We develop a solution approach to the centralized pricing problem of a firm managing multiple substitutable products. Demand of these products undergoes a diffusion process and customers choose among the products, with the choice probability of each product given by the logit model. We examine the firm’s optimal pricing problem when product demand can be described by such “diffusion-choice” models. In particular, we focus on two models with proven merits, proposed by Weerahandi and Dalal (1992) and Jun and Park (1999) respectively, and study a generalized version of the two models. To our knowledge, ours is the first to study multi-product pricing problem under the integrated diffusion-choice models which are of both theoretical appeal and practical advantage. We establish uniqueness of the optimal solution, propose an efficient solution approach, in addition to characterizing the optimal prices and their time trend. We show that the price trend can be attributed to diffusion dynamics, as well as intertemporal changes in product costs and customer price sensitivity, all of which are integrated into a unified framework in this paper. Our model applies to both simultaneous and sequential product introductions and adapts to stochastic demand.
Combining NGS technologies for biomarker identification and confirmation research

Advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have provided immense research opportunities for identification of molecular markers of disease. Highly parallel and multiplex biomarker characterization in disease areas such as cancer can be achieved by combining multiple targeted NGS enrichment approaches, including hybridization capture and amplification-based sequencing using multiplex PCR. These complementary, independent techniques can provide a high level of sensitivity and specificity when trying to detect low levels of variant allele frequencies (VAF) in somatic cancer detection. IDT has developed 2 unique, high-performing targeted NGS approaches* to maximize researchers’ ability to confidently identify and confirm biomarkers in germline and somatic mutations. Here, we describe a follow-up, supplemental study to a previously published application note [1]. Biomarkers identified in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) lung cancer samples show high correlation using the IDT xGenTM Prism Library Kit and LockdownTM Probe system for target capture and the IDT rhAmpSeqTM amplicon sequencing system. Both systems showed sensitivity down to 1% VAF in cfDNA samples starting from low quantities of DNA input, with the xGen hybrid capture system slightly outperforming the rhAmpSeq system at identifying somatic mutations. The benefits and caveats of each approach are discussed.
Phase Behavior of Binary and Ternary Systems Involving Carbon Dioxide, Propane, and Glycidyl Methacrylate at High Pressure

This work reports experimental phase equilibrium data of binary and ternary systems involving carbon dioxide, propane, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Phase equilibrium experimental data were obtained according to the static synthetic method using a variable volume view cell. The experiments covered the temperature range of (303 to 343) K, pressures up to 13 MPa, at several overall compositions. The experimental data were modeled with the Peng−Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS) with the conventional quadratic mixing rules. The EoS interaction parameters were fitted from binary systems and then used to predict the phase behavior of the ternary system. The results showed that, in the experimental range investigated, only vapor−liquid transitions were found and that the PR-EoS was capable of satisfactorily representing the experimental data.
Taming the Anarchy: Groundwater Governance in South Asia

Shah begins by saying that Alfred Deakin, who became an eminent Australian Prime Minister, visited India in 1890 and found that it had 12 million ha of irrigated land, a figure greatly in excess of all other notable users of irrigation at that time. Nowadays, Shah says, the Indian sub-continent has 90 million ha of irrigated land. But this is being used badly, through excessive abstraction which brings up original salt from the days when India was under ocean. Discharge of drainage waters into the Indus is one problem. Another is arsenic in the groundwater of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin. Shah diagnoses the general problem as anarchy. It might better be called the effects of corruption, by which an unreliable system of administration and an openly corrupt political class – in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh – allow the illusory benefits of irrigation to flow in apparently unlimited profusion, although their abuse leads to environmental damage on a wide scale. Shah does not put matters like this directly. He does, however, accurately define his area of discussion. The ‘groundwater anarchy’ occurs in the former princely state of Hyderabad, in the Terai of Nepal, in northern and southern areas of Sri Lanka, and by ‘South Asia’ Shah refers to the plains of Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. But he ranges well beyond that area geographically, and far from any solid premises for analysis or indeed remedial action. For example, the division between canal irrigation and pump irrigation: the latter goes towards anarchy because the state cannot control the pump irrigators. All the state can do is control electrical supply. One would think this point demanded further thought. Secure metering of water use, intervention by agricultural extension officers? No. Just find another excuse! Shah, like the Indian Planning Commission (2007), blames the Easement Act of 1882, which made all surface water the property of the state but treated groundwater as an easement attached to landownership (p. 139). If Shah had bothered to investigate the idea of an easement in Indian law or its originating English law, the argument would have been better. But instead he relies on Hardiman (1998), and having rehearsed his views concludes: