Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of clearance on friction and cartilage damage in hip hemi-arthroplasty

+Zhang JL; Fisher J; Jin ZM; Burton AP, Williams S +iMBE, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, DePuy International Ltd., Leeds, UK Senior author: s.d. williams@leeds.ac. uk INTRODUCTION: Hemi-arthroplasty offers a more conservative option compared to total hip replacement in cases of fractured neck of femur as it replaces only the femoral side. However, the incidence of early hemi-arthroplasty failure is substantial and has been attributed to acetabular cartilage degeneration due to the friction between the metal head and acetabular cartilage [1]. It is hypothesized that an increase in clearance between the head and natural acetabulum and resulting increase in cartilage contact stress will increase cartilage degradation. This study investigated the biotribology of hemi-arthroplasty in an in vitro model to assess cartilage tribology (friction, degradation and wear) as a function of clearance between head and cup under constant and dynamic loading cycles.
DESTRUCTION OF LONG-RANGE ORDER IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS HAVING A CONTINUOUS SYMMETRY GROUP I . CLASSICAL

The low-temperature state of two-dimensional classical systems, which in the three-dimensional case have an ordered phase with a spontaneous violation of a continuous symmetry (magnetic substances, crystals), is considered. It is shown that for arbitrary dimension the long-range correlations are determined by an expression for the energy of the long wavelength fluctuations, which is quadratic with respect to the gradients. The distinctive feature of the oneand two-dimensional cases is that the fluctuation deflections grow with distance and at sufficiently large distances may reach a finite value, which leads to the necessity to take account of the effects associated with these. Thus, for a lattice of plane classical spins (Sec. 1) the contribution from configurations, where the spin vector on a path between sufficiently distant points is turned through an angle containing several complete revolutions, becomes essential. The following new results are contained in this article: A complete description of the low-temperature state is obtained for a lattice of plane classical spins (Sec. 1) and two-dimensional crystals (Sec. 3 ), i.e., all of the n-point distribution functions are found, and the method is generalized to an arbitrary lattice system with a commutative continuous group; the two-point distribution function and the transformation law for the n-point functions associated with the homogeneous dilatation of all distances are found for a classical Heisenberg ferromagnetic substance (Sec. 2); also expressions are found for the free energy of magnetic substances (Sees. 1 and 2) in a weak external field, from which the necessity of a phase transition in these two-dimensional systems follows.
Determinants of short-term value destruction for the acquiring firm : A French study

These paper analyses bidder short-term returns of 86 takeovers bids that occur between 1997 and 2002 on the French market. Furthermore, the determinants of this performance are examined to improve understanding of the sources of value creation or destruction arising from M&A. The event study methodology is used to estimate bidder value creation. Two findings are shown in this study. First, we find strong evidence that the announcement of a takeover bid destructed of value for the bidder. Second, these results show that the relative size of the target and the announcement period transaction is associated with value destruction for the bidder.
Exits from unemployment : Recall or new job ☆ c , ⁎ a b

This paper studies transitions out of unemployment in Spain distinguishing between recall to the same employer and reemployment in a new job. We use a large sample of newly unemployed workers obtained from Social Security records for Spain. These data contain information about each individual's employer identity before and after the unemployment spell. A discrete time duration model with competing risks of exits serves us to investigate the factors that influence the probabilities of leaving unemployment to return to the same employer or to find a new job with a different employer.We find that taking into account the route to exit unemployment helps us to understand the influence of individual and job characteristics on the hazard rate. Moreover, the recall hazard rate exhibits no duration dependence, whereas the new job hazard rate presents positive duration dependence. JEL classification: J21; J24
Resistant Starch in Food Products

Resistant starch (RS) is the sum of starch and products of its degradation that are not digested in the small intestine of healthy individuals. Resistant starch has been categorized into the following types: 1) physically inaccessible or digestible resistant starch (e.g. starch present in partially ground cereals), 2) starch that occurs in its natural granular form (potato starch granules resistant to pasting, 3) retrograded starch (present in cooked-and-chilled potatoes) and 4) starches chemically or physically modified to be resistant to amylases. RS reduces the energy value and glycemic index of food products. Starches accessible to microorganisms present in the large intestine are of particular importance. The fatty acids formed due to fermentation processes favourably affect the metabolic processes by reducing cholesterol and triglycerides in human body. The formation of butyric acid in the final portion of the alimentary tract is particularly important in prevention of colon and colorectal cancer. RS content can be increased by adding it to the food products or by special preparation of the food products. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding hippocampal phase precession and phase relationships using phase response curves

The hippocampus has a prominent network oscillation called the theta rhythm at 410 Hz. Individual action potentials can be characterized by their phases with respect to the theta-frequency oscillation. A large fraction of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons of an exploring rat have place fields–they fire when the rat is in a certain location in its environment. Phase precession is the effect in which the firing phase of a place cell changes from late to early phase as the rat moves through its place field. Pyramidal neurons in CA1 have intrinsic oscillatory properties, and they receive cyclic excitatory and inhibitory input. We are interested in what determines preferred firing phase during theta activity, and the rate and magnitude of phase precession. In this oscillator model of the pyramidal cell, phase relationships are determined by the phase response curve. We show that a certain phase response curve is consistent with phase relationships between CA1 pyramidal neurons and their inputs. In particular, it should have the basic shape sinφ, where φ = 0 corresponds to the spiking of the oscillator. The phase of the oscillating neuron with respect to theta is a dynamical variable, and it has different stable fixed points when the input is dominated by excitation versus inhibition. An increase in excitation can therefore cause an abrupt shift in the fixed point, which can cause the phase to precess by nearly 2π. This single cycle of phase precession is robust to changes in the strength of the input. If this model is accurate, it has potential to be useful for studying the interaction of single hippocampal neurons with the oscillatory activity of the network.
A Brief Introduction to Measure Theory and Integration

Proposition 1.1. The following hold: (a) If A,B ∈ A with A ⊂ B, then μ(A) ≤ μ(B). (b) If Ai ∈ A and A = ∪i=1Ai, then μ(A) ≤ ∑∞ i=1 μ(Ai). (c) If Ai ∈ A, A1 ⊂ A2 ⊂ · · ·, and A = ∪i=1Ai, then μ(A) = limn→∞ μ(An). (d) If Ai ∈ A, A1 ⊃ A2 ⊃ · · ·, μ(A1) < ∞, and A = ∩i=1Ai, then we have μ(A) = limn→∞ μ(An). Proof. (a) Let A1 = A, A2 = B−A, and A3 = A4 = · · · = ∅. Now use part (c) of the definition of measure.
eview itochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and ell death

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria cannot be considered as static structures, as they intimately communicate, forming very dynamic platforms termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). In particular, the ER transmits proper Ca2+ signals to mitochondria, which decode them into specific inputs to regulate essential functions, including metabolism, energy production and apoptosis. Here, we will describe the different molecular players involved in the transfer of Ca2+ ions from the ER lumen to the mitochondrial matrix and how modifications in both ER-mitochondria contact sites and Ca2+ signaling can alter the cell death execution program. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Add-on FrontoTemporal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ( tDCS ) on Auditory Verbal Hallucinations , Other Psychopathological Symptoms , and Insight in Schizophrenia : A Randomized , Double-Blind , Sham-Controlled Trial

Background: The efficacy of fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation in treating auditory verbal hallucinations and other psychopathological symptoms of schizophrenia patients has been examined in a small number of clinical trials with limited sample sizes, but the results are mixed. Fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation has also been demonstrated to enhance patients’ insight into their mental illness in an open-label pilot study. The current investigation aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation on the severity of auditory verbal hallucinations, other schizophrenia symptoms, and insight in a large double blind, randomized, shamcontrolled trial. Methods: Sixty patients with medication-refractory auditory verbal hallucinations were randomized over 2 conditions: transcranial direct current stimulation with 2-mA, twice-daily sessions for 5 consecutive days, with anodal stimulation to the left prefrontal cortex and cathodal stimulation to the left temporo-parietal junction, and sham treatment. Results: Fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation failed to cause significant changes in the severity of auditory verbal hallucinations and other schizophrenia symptoms. The levels of insight into illness (effect size = 0.511, P < .001) and positive symptoms (effect size = 0.781, P < .001) were largely promoted by 5 days of transcranial direct current stimulation relative to sham treatment. The beneficial effects on the 2 insight dimensions remained 1 month after transcranial direct current stimulation. Conclusions: Fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation is not more effective for auditory verbal hallucinations and other schizophrenia symptoms than sham treatment. But the results of transcranial direct current stimulation-associated improvement in awareness of illness and positive symptoms show promise and provide a new direction for future research into insight promotion interventions in schizophrenia. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ijnp/article-at/21/11/979/5068699 by gest on 01 Feruary 2019 980 | International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018
ii Elucidating the role of ARKL 1 in regulating Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) infection

ARKL1 and Arkadia were previously identified as proteins that bind to the CK2β KSSR motif. Since the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is also known to bind to the same sequence, it was hypothesized that ARKL1 and Arkadia might play a role in regulating EBV infection. Silencing experiments demonstrated that both ARKL1 and Arkadia function to suppress EBV reactivation. ARKL1 was subsequently found to colocalize with the PRC1 protein CBX4 in distinct nuclear foci. This localization of ARKL1 to CBX4 foci was dependent upon its SIMs, as mutation of its SIMs resulted in diffused nuclear staining. In order to gain mechanistic insights into how ARKL1 regulates EBV infection, I carried out affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) of ARKL1. ARKL1 was found to bind the transcriptional activators Jun and CREB1. This result raises the possibility that ARKL1 may function to recruit PRC1 to sites bound by Jun/CREB1, thereby repressing transcription.
Optimizing the Recovery of Disrupted Multi-Echelon Assembly Supply Chain Networks

We consider optimization problems related to the scheduling of multi-echelon assembly supply chain (MEASC) networks that have applications in the recovery from large-scale disruptive events. Each manufacturer within this network assembles a component from a series of sub-components received from other manufacturers We develop scheduling decision rules that are applied locally at each manufacturer and are proven to optimize two industry-relevant global recovery metrics: (i) minimizing the maximum tardiness of any order of the final product of the MEASC network (ii) and minimizing the time to recover from the disruptive event. Our approaches are applied to a data set based upon an industrial partner’s supply chain to show their applicability as well as their advantages over integer programming models. The developed decision rules were proven to be optimal, faster, and more robust than the equivalent IP formulations. In addition, they provide conditions under which local manufacturer decisions will lead to globally optimal recovery efforts. These decision rules can help managers to make better production and shipping decisions to optimize the recovery after disruptions and quantitatively test the impact of different pre-event mitigation strategies against potential disruptions. They can be further useful in MEASCs with or expecting a large amount of backorders. ⇤Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute †Corresponding Author, sharkt@rpi.edu
Large-Scale Thermochemical Structure of the Deep Mantle : Observations and Models

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 A. Khan and F. Deschamps (eds.), The Earth’s Heterogeneous Mantle, Springer Geophysics, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15627-9_15 Abstract Seismic tomography indicates that the lowermost mantle, from 2400 km down to the core–mantle boundary (CMB) is strongly heterogeneous at large wavelengths. The most striking features are two large low-shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs), where shear-wave velocity drops by a few percent compared to averaged mantle. Several seismic observations further show that lowermost mantle seismic anomalies cannot be purely thermal in origin. Compositional anomalies are required to fully explain observations like the anti-correlation between shearand bulk-sound velocities, and the distribution of density mapped by normal modes. In the meantime, models of thermo-chemical convection indicate that reservoirs of dense, chemically differentiated material can be maintained in the lowermost mantle over long periods of time and that thermal plumes rising up to the surface are generated at the surface of these reservoirs. Model parameter searches indicate that maintaining such reservoirs requires a moderate density contrast between dense and regular material and a large thermal viscosity contrast. Current models of thermo-chemical convection also explain details revealed by travel time and seismic waveform data, in particular the LLSVP sharp edges, and the distribution of plumes at the surface of LLSVPs. A remaining question is the detailed nature of the lower mantle large-scale chemical heterogeneities. Reservoirs of dense material may result either from early partial differentiation of the mantle or recycling of oceanic crust (MORB). Seismic sensitivities inferred from a coherent mineral physics database suggest that LLSVPs are better explained by warm material enriched in iron and silicate, than by highpressure MORB. By contrast, if colder than the surrounding mantle by ~400 K,
Trilemma and Interest Rate Behaviour in Nigeria

Korede Ajogbeje, Oluwatosin Adeniyi and Festus O. Egwaikhide Policy makers face trade-off in dealing with exchange rate management, monetary independence and concerns about capital mobility simultaneously. This study empirically examines the effects of Nigeria’s trilemma policy path on interest rate using data spanning from 1997:Q1 to 2017:Q3. It equally incorporates the role of external reserves in buffering these effects. Stationarity of the series were ascertained with Zivot-Andrew (ZA) structural break unit roots test technique, while the bounds test cointegration approach was used to confirm the cointegrating properties of the variables. We found that capital mobility has significant effect on interest rate in the long run baseline model and could also be successfully buffered with external reserves to reduce interest rate. Additionally, our results show that although exchange rate stability and monetary independence do not independently affect interest rate, but their interaction with external reserves does. This implies that external reserve serves as an effective buffer if appropriately employed by the monetary authorities. The trilemma policy can be used to optimally reduce interest rate. Also, external reserves could serve as a tool for economic stabilization with appropriate combination with other relevant policy variables.
Impact of chronic cigarette smoking on platelet aggregation and coagulation profile in apparently healthy male smokers

Background and Aim: Chronic cigarette smoking affects the normal hemostasis by influencing the coagulation pathways. However, the effect of smoking intensity on the degree of impairment of coagulation cascade still remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of smoking on the coagulation cascade and to study the association of smoking duration with coagulation defects. Methods: A total of 120 apparently healthy subjects were enrolled for our study, were subsequently divided into 60 chronic smokers and 60 nonsmokers. The smokers group was further divided into group-1 (5-15 pack years) and group-2 (>15 pack years) depending on the duration of smoking. All the subjects were evaluated for complete hemogram, platelet count, mean platelet volume, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and platelet aggregation. Results: The platelet count was significantly (P < 0.05) lower, APTT was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) and platelet aggregability was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in smokers. Smokers with >15 pack years of duration had significantly high platelet aggregation and shorter APTT compared to smokers with 5-15 pack years. Pearson correlation analysis suggested a strong negative correlation between platelet count and APTT with duration of smoking (r = −0.557 and r = −0.342, respectively). Conclusion: Chronic smokers tend to have lower platelet count, shorter APTT, and higher platelet aggregability compared to non-smokers. Therefore, chronic smokers should be investigated for hemostatic dysfunctions.
Primary Care as an Arena For Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Vardiovascular Disease Prevention

Cardiovascular disease prevention has been a challenge for research for decades. The studies of this thesis were designed to investigate the role of health professionals in everyday clinical work based upon the concept of comprehensive primary care consultation. Routine check-up of blood pressure was the basis for the inclusion in an opportunistic screening for hyperchol-esterolaemia. Additionally, advice on smoking cessation was given. The doctor was the initiator, and could control the rate of inclusion. The nurses administered and performed the individual follow-ups. A telephone survey was used to investigate awareness and treatment of cardiovascular risk in the population. The value of local guidelines and responsi-bilities of the nurse on quality of care was studied in two populations of diabetics defined by their primary health care center (PHCC) listing. Finally, a randomized study of follow-up 15 months of post acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was used to compare quality of care in primary and in hospital clinic care. Opportunistic screening integrated in day-to-day patient care during three years with inclusion controlled by the physi-cian included one third of the population aged 40 - 59 years. There was increased awareness of individual risks factors among those aware of but not included in the project, indicating a population impact of the opportunistic screening. The net result of smoking cessation at the two year follow-up was negative. Smokers frequently make long-lasting quitting attempts. There was a higher quality of care of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in a PHCC having a structured management with nurses using local guidelines and check-lists. A randomised one-year follow-up in primary care and at the department of internal medicine post AMI did not show any statistically significant differences in the proportion of readmitted patients, coronary by pass surgery, or secondary preventive medication. Opportunistic screening is most feasible in ages 40-59 years. If integrated with regular case-finding and treatment for hypertension, few extra resources are needed for implementation. Smoking cessation must be recognized as a long-lasting process with patients leaving and entering the ? risk-zone? Finding quick-relapsing former smokers among current non-smokers may be of importance when planning smoking cessation activities. Screening activities may rise the awareness of cardiovascular risk factors in the population. The diabetes educated practice nurse is a valuable contribution to the PHC organization, provided that guide-lines are implemented to guide day-to-day work with these patients. About 40 per cent of patients younger than 75 years discharged after an AMI should require the specialized resources of hospital. Most re-maining patients can use a low resource follow-up in general practice as safely as at the specialized out-patient clinic.
Chapter 15 Group Cognition and Collaborative AI

Significant advances in artificial intelligence suggest that we will be using intelligent agents on a regular basis in the near future. This chapter discusses group cognition as a principle for designing collaborative AI. Group cognition is the ability to relate to other group members’ decisions, abilities, and beliefs. It thereby allows participants to adapt their understanding and actions to reach common objectives. Hence, it underpins collaboration. We review two concepts in the context of group cognition that could inform the development of AI and automation in pursuit of natural collaboration with humans: conversational grounding and theory of mind. These concepts are somewhat different from those already discussed in AI research. We outline some new implications for collaborative AI, aimed at extending skills and solution spaces and at improving joint cognitive and creative capacity.
Variational Optimal Experiment Design : Efficient Automation of Adaptive Experiments

Bayesian optimal experimental design (OED) is a principled framework for making efficient use of limited experimental resources. Unfortunately, the applicability of OED is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining accurate estimates of the expected information gain (EIG) for different experimental designs. We introduce a class of fast EIG estimators that leverage amortised variational inference and show that they provide substantial empirical gains over previous approaches. We integrate our approach into a deep probabilistic programming framework, thus making OED accessible to practitioners at large.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of the strains of Bacillus cereus groups in food for infants and young children in México

1 Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México. 2 Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunobiologia y Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México. 3 Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México. 4 Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunotoxigenómica, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México.