Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior of polymer solutions in a velocity field with parallel gradient. I. Orientation of rigid ellipsoids in a dilute solution

The spatial orientation of rigid ellipsoidal particles was analyzed as proceeding in a dilute solution flowing in a velocity field with parallel gradient, i.e., in a field characterized by the deformation rate tensor: On the basis of general relations given by Jeffery, the hydrodynamic equations of motion of a single ellipsoid were obtained as Ψ = 0, φ = 0, θ = −¾qR sin 2θ, where q = ∂Vκ/∂κ is the parallel velocity gradient and R = (a2 − b2)/(a2 + b2) is the shape coefficient of ellipsoids. Considering the action of velocity field and that of Brownian motion (rotational diffusion), a distribution density function ρ(t, θ) was derived, which describes the spatial orientation of the axes of symmetry of the ellipsoids: where is the steady-state distribution. In a similar way, the axial orientation factor f0 = 1 − 3/2 sin2θ was obtained:
Photocatalytic Reduction of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets on TiO2 Thin Film for Photoinactivation of Bacteria in Solar Light Irradiation

Graphene oxide platelets synthesized by using a chemical exfoliation method were deposited on anatase TiO2 thin films. Postannealing of the graphene oxide/TiO2 thin films at 400 °C in air resulted in partial formation of a Ti−C bond between the platelets and their beneath thin film. By using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, UV−visible light-induced photocatalytic reduction of the graphene oxide platelets of the annealed graphene oxide/TiO2 thin films immersed in ethanol was studied for the different irradiation times. After 4 h of photocatalytic reduction, the vertical space between the platelets decreased from about 1.1 to less than 0.8 nm and the concentration of the C═O bond was reduced 85%, indicating effective reduction of the graphene oxide platelets to the graphene ones. The graphene oxide/TiO2 thin films reduced at different irradiation times were utilized as nanocomposite photocatalysts for degradation of E. coli bacteria in an aqueous solution under solar li.
Carbon Nanoparticles as Sources for a Cost-Effective Water Purification Method: A Comprehensive Review

As the global population grows, the demand for cost-effective and eco-friendly water purification methods is increasing, which presently is at its peak due to the increase of impurities in water and the increasing awareness of waterborne disease. Carbon-based materials, which includes activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), fullerene, and carbon dots, are observed as potential candidates for water treatment. In the present review, developments related to water purification methods using carbon nanomaterials over the last decade are critically summarized, with an emphasis on their thermophysical properties. The fabrication techniques for activated carbon, CNTs, graphene, and graphene oxide are presented, with an emphasis on the properties of carbon materials that allow their usage for water purification. Then, an extensive review of 71 patents dedicated to water purification using carbon materials such as activated carbon and cotton fibers is performed. Subsequently, the more important research studies on water purification using carbon nanomaterials are discussed, showing that CNTs, GO, and rGO are widely used in water treatment processes. The present review critically discusses the recent developments and provides important information on water purification using carbon materials.
Synergistic effects of temperature and plant quality, on development time, size and lipid in Eccritotarsus eichhorniae

Body size is an important biotic factor in evolutionary ecology, since it affects all aspects of insect physiology, life history and, consequently, fitness in ectothermic insects and how species adapt with their environment. It has been linked to temperature, with lower temperatures resulting in larger size. In this study, we tested the combined impact of temperature and plant quality on the body size, and development time from egg to adult of Eccritotarsus eichhorniae (Hemiptera: Miridae), an herbivorous insect used as a biological control agent against the invasive aquatic weed, water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae). We quantified insect size in individuals exposed to three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) combined with three qualities of host plant (high, medium and low) by calculating development time and measuring four traits: tibia length, forewing length, dry body mass and lipid content, and we also determined the wing loading index. The development time, dry body mass and lipid content decreased linearly with increasing temperature and decreasing plant quality. The decrease in size was the greatest when high temperature interacted with low plant quality. Smaller individuals had proportionately less lipid content. Wing loading decreased significantly with lower quality of host plant, resulting in individuals likely to have theoretically higher flight ability. The results support the temperature‐size rule (TSR) and that plant quality could influence the relationship between development time and the TSR. Results also provide novel evidence for a possible food quality‐size rule for both sexes.
Viralidad y agresividad comunicativa en Twitter durante la covid-19. Visualización de redes y análisis de palabras clave a partir del hashtag #niñosenlacalle

The communicative and social relevance of social media is undeniable, even more in circumstances such as those provoked by covid-19. We focus on two issues of great relevance in networks in this period: the virality and communicative aggressiveness in Twitter and in Spain, taking as an example the hashtag #ninosenlacalle. The results of the analysis carried out with computational and corpus tools reveal a fairly compact network around three extremely viralized tweets. The keyword analyses show the disqualifying intention and the aggressiveness of the publications, with extremely offensive words among the most relevant ones in the hashtag.
Comparative Testing of a Miniature Diffusion Size Classifier to Assess Airborne Ultrafine Particles Under Field Conditions

Miniature diffusion size classifiers (miniDiSC) are novel handheld devices to measure ultrafine particles (UFP). UFP have been linked to the development of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; thus, detection and quantification of these particles are important for evaluating their potential health hazards. As part of the UFP exposure assessments of highway maintenance workers in western Switzerland, we compared a miniDiSC with a portable condensation particle counter (P-TRAK). In addition, we performed stationary measurements with a miniDiSC and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) at a site immediately adjacent to a highway. Measurements with miniDiSC and P-TRAK correlated well (correlation of r = 0.84) but average particle numbers of the miniDiSC were 30%–60% higher. This difference was significantly increased for mean particle diameters below 40 nm. The correlation between the miniDiSC and the SMPS during stationary measurements was very high (r = 0.98) although particle numbers from the miniDiSC were 30% lower. Differences between the three devices were attributed to the different cutoff diameters for detection. Correction for this size dependent effect led to very similar results across all counters. We did not observe any significant influence of other particle characteristics. Our results suggest that the miniDiSC provides accurate particle number concentrations and geometric mean diameters at traffic-influenced sites, making it a useful tool for personal exposure assessment in such settings. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
The enhancing effect of weak magnetic field on degradation of Orange II by zero-valent iron

AbstractThe effects of weak magnetic field (WMF) on degrading Orange II by zero-valent iron (ZVI) as functions of pHini, ZVI dosages, and Orange II concentrations were investigated. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of Orange II removal by ZVI decreased progressively from 0.0057 to 0.0006 min−1 without WMF and from 0.0419 to 0.0039 min−1 with WMF, respectively, as pHini increased from 3.3 to 5.5. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of Orange II sequestration by ZVI were increased by 2.6- to 21-folds due to the application of WMF under the reaction conditions investigated in this study. The WMF-induced improvement in Orange II removal by ZVI was attributed to the accelerated corrosion of ZVI in the presence of WMF. The application of WMF not only improved the decolorization efficiency, but also enhanced TOC removal dramatically. The influence of radical scavenger and oxygen on Orange II removal as well as the FTIR analysis revealed that Orange II was removed via reduction by ZVI as well as adsorption.
Adoption, use and management of process mining in practice

PurposeThis study explores how process managers perceive the adoption, use and management of process mining in practice. While research in process mining predominantly focuses on the technical aspects, our work highlights organizational and managerial implications.Design/methodology/approachWe report on a focus group study conducted with process managers from various industries in Central Europe. This setting allowed us to gain diverse and in-depth insights about the needs and expectations of practitioners in relation to the adoption, use and management of process mining.FindingsWe find that process managers face four central challenges. These challenges are largely related to four stages; (1) planning and business case calculation, (2) process selection, (3) implementation, and (4) process mining use.Research limitations/implicationsWe point to research opportunities in relation to the adoption, use and management of process mining. We suggest that future research should apply interdisciplinary study designs to better understand the managerial and organizational implications of process mining.Practical implicationsThe reported challenges have various practical implications at the organizational and managerial level. We explore how existing BPM frameworks can be extended to meet these challenges.Originality/valueThis study is among the first attempts to explore process mining from the perspective of process managers. It clarifies important challenges and points to avenues for future research.
The pharmacy residency program guide to Twitter

Twitter has emerged as a powerful networking and educational tool within the health care community. The instantaneous and casual nature of Twitter allows for easy access to a near limitless pool of medical professionals and the opportunity to share intra‐ and interprofessional knowledge. Beyond individual development, Twitter has the potential to positively impact pharmacy residency programs in a multitude of ways.
Reduction of Hg(II) by Fe(II)-Bearing Smectite Clay Minerals

Aluminosilicate clay minerals are often a major component of soils and sediments and many of these clays contain structural Fe (e.g., smectites and illites). Structural Fe(III) in smectite clays is redox active and can be reduced to Fe(II) by biotic and abiotic processes. Fe(II)-bearing minerals such as magnetite and green rust can reduce Hg(II) to Hg(0); however, the ability of other environmentally relevant Fe(II) phases, such as structural Fe(II) in smectite clays, to reduce Hg(II) is largely undetermined. We conducted experiments examining the potential for reduction of Hg(II) by smectite clay minerals containing 0–25 wt% Fe. Fe(III) in the clays (SYn-1 synthetic mica-montmorillonite, SWy-2 montmorillonite, NAu-1 and NAu-2 nontronite, and a nontronite from Cheney, Washington (CWN)) was reduced to Fe(II) using the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method. Experiments were initiated by adding 500 µM Hg(II) to reduced clay suspensions (4 g clay L−1) buffered at pH 7.2 in 20 mM 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS). The potential for Hg(II) reduction in the presence of chloride (0–10 mM) and at pH 5–9 was examined in the presence of reduced NAu-1. Analysis of the samples by Hg LIII-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy indicated little to no reduction of Hg(II) by SYn-1 (0% Fe), while reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) was observed in the presence of reduced SWy-2, NAu-1, NAu-2, and CWN (2.8–24.8% Fe). Hg(II) was reduced to Hg(0) by NAu-1 at all pH and chloride concentrations examined. These results suggest that Fe(II)-bearing smectite clays may contribute to Hg(II) reduction in suboxic/anoxic soils and sediments.
Soy protein adhesives improved by SiO2 nanoparticles for plywoods

Purpose – Soy protein has been considered as a renewable and environmentally friendly source of adhesives. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a new approach for making a soy protein adhesive modified by SiO2 nanoparticles.Design/methodology/approach – The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the adhesive properties by determining the viscosity, wettability and shear strength of soy protein adhesive. The effects of nano‐SiO2 content, wood surface roughness and processing pressure on shear strength between soy protein adhesive and wood were investigated. Four nano‐SiO2 contents (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 percent), two wood surface roughness (40 and 280 grits), and two processing pressure (1 and 2 MPa) were tested. Adhesive performance was evaluated based on the maximum force required for shearing the adhesive bond between cherry wood pieces.Findings – The modified soy protein adhesives by SiO2 nanoparticles showed a significant enhancement in dry strength with nano‐SiO2 content of 1 percent. The m.
Chemical and biochemical thermodynamics reunification (IUPAC Technical Report)

Abstract According to the 1994 IUBMB-IUPAC Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) on chemical and biochemical reactions, two categories of thermodynamics, based on different concepts and different formalisms, are established: (i) chemical thermodynamics, which employ conventional thermodynamic potentials to deal with chemical reactions [1], [2], [3]; and (ii) biochemical thermodynamics, which employ transformed thermodynamic quantities to deal with biochemical reactions based on the formalism proposed by Alberty [4], [5], [6], [7]. We showed that the two worlds of chemical and biochemical thermodynamics, which so far have been treated separately, can be reunified within the same thermodynamic framework. The thermodynamics of chemical reactions, in which all species are explicitly considered with their atoms and charge balanced, are compared with the transformed thermodynamics generally used to treat biochemical reactions where atoms and charges are not balanced. The transformed thermodynamic quantities suggested by Alberty are obtained by a mathematical transformation of the usual thermodynamic quantities. The present analysis demonstrates that the transformed values for ΔrG′0 and ΔrH′0 can be obtained directly, without performing any transformation, by simply writing the chemical reactions with all the pseudoisomers explicitly included and the elements and charges balanced. The appropriate procedures for computing the stoichiometric coefficients for the pseudoisomers are fully explained by means of an example calculation for the biochemical ATP hydrolysis reaction. It is concluded that the analysis reunifies the “two separate worlds” of conventional thermodynamics and transformed thermodynamics.
Impact of aerobic rice cultivation on growth and productivity of Indica and Japonica cultivars

An experiment was carried-out to examine the effects of aerobic rice cultivation on different growth, yield and its related characteristics. The study was laid out at the experimental field RE-5, Tsukuba International Center, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan. The main objectives of the experiment were to save the irrigation water and acquire optimum/higher yields under aerobic cultivation as compared to traditional lowland cultivation. To achieve these objectives, two Indica and one Japonica cultivars were selected to examine under both the conditions on two-factor split plot design with three replications. Under aerobic conditions, ~59% of the total irrigation water was saved and ~72% water was saved at freshwater level except rainfall as compared to lowland conditions. The Indica cultivar IR-50 showed higher grain yields (6.3ton/ha) under aerobic conditionsas compared to lowland (5.2ton/ha) and also retained higher panicle and spikelets number under aerobic conditions. On the other hand, the Japonica cultivar Fukuhibiki retained higher yields (5.2ton/ha) under lowland compared to aerobic conditions (4.9ton/ha). Whilst, an upland cultivar NERICA-10 retained higher grain yields (4.6ton/ha) under aerobic cultivations as compared to lowland (3.7ton/ha). Interactions were significant among all the cultivars underaerobic and lowland conditions, whereas IR-50 had higher nitrogen absorption under aerobic conditions than rest of the cultivars. Hence, nitrogen absorption positively sustains the grain yields and total dry mass accumulations. It is, therefore, concluded that lowland and upland cultivars are not only adaptive to aerobic conditions but also a great amount of irrigation water may be saved.
SHALE GAS: AN INDIAN MARKET PERSPECTIVE

Energy demand has been increasing day by day with the advancement in industrialization and urbanization all across the world. Most of the demand is fulfilled with the help of primary conventional energy sources viz. coal and oil. One such source of energy is the shale from which oil and gas are extracted to be used as fuel. Shale gas resource has been visible on the global energy scenario map since the 1950s but was not being significantly focussed upon until 1990s when it gained economic and technical accessibility. The fast-technological breakthrough in the US resulted in fall in the breakeven cost of shale gas which had brought about a revolution in the US energy market in the 2000s. This revolution helped the US to turn itself from an importer of gas to an exporter of gas. Thus, it is important to discuss the current shale gas scenario, its prospects as well as its scope for growth in the future Indian energy market. Thus, the country needs to focus on the development of shale oil and shale gas resources as they have the potential to significantly contribute to the gas supply at a relatively low cost.
Effect of Maturity at Harvest in Relation to Changes in Antioxidant Properties and Ethylene in ‘Chandler’ Strawberry Fruit

Abstract The relationship between fruit maturation and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H202), lipid peroxidation, ethylene (C2H4) production, antioxidant activity (hydrophilic, lipophilic and total) and the antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) in fruit pericarp tissue of ‘Chandler’ (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) strawberry were measured. ‘Chandler’ fruit pericarp maturation and ripening were accompanied by a decline in H202 content early in fruit development followed by a rapid accumulation. An increase in membrane lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) coincided with accumulation of H202, which preceded a rise in C2H4 production. In general, antioxidant activity declined as fruit matured and ripened. APX enzyme activity increased by 2-fold and peaked at the pink stage of development and then gradually declined with ripening. H202 may serve as a signal molecule to initiate the cascade of oxidative processes during maturation and ripening. APX enzyme activity during maturation and ripening was not substantial and thus, may not have a role in alleviating accumulation of H202 and subsequent events related to oxidative senescence in fruit pericarp. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present fractionated antioxidant activities (HAA, LAA and TAA) from strawberry pericarp as assessed by the ABTS*+ radical cation assay. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms involved in the senescent related-oxidative changes during strawberry fruit ontogeny in relation to quality and nutrition is discussed.
Plants on small islands: using taxonomic and functional diversity to unravel community assembly processes and the small-island effect

Islands are ideal research models to study ecological processes, as they vary in size, ecological conditions, and have clearly defined boundaries. Despite great advances in island research, comprehensive understanding of numerous aspects in island ecology is still lacking. Open questions include the effects of spatial scale on island biodiversity, community assembly processes, and the diversity of species forms and functions on islands. Here, I review recent studies investigating species assembly processes and resulting diversity patterns on small islands at local and global scales. I discuss how small-island communities are shaped by environmental, population-level, and species-level processes that differ in strength with island area. Functional trait-based approaches better explained these patterns than measures of species richness on small islands. Detailed ecological understanding of community assembly processes on islands is of paramount importance to conserve biodiversity in an increasingly fragmented natural world.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTI-BACTERIAL EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT ALLIUM CEPA PLANT EXTRACTS

This research considers the Allium cepa, as plants have effective antioxidant properties because they have many of active biocompounds. It exhibits that the cold, hot, and ethanolic extracts of Allium cepa, consist of the same effective molecules like tannins, saponines, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and also amino groups. The absence of the anthroquinones, alkaloids, and phlobatanins, are an evidence on the detection about this effective molecule neither dependent on the nature of extraction method or used solvent. The results exhibited the higher effeciency of hot extract of inhibition of (EC, Escherichi coli; STR, Strptococus; STA, Staphylus) bacteria growth compared with cold and ethanolic extracts.
3D CT stereoscopic imaging: an improved anatomical understanding of the anterior ethmoid sinus and frontal sinus drainage pathway

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this presentation is to display a series of new anatomical concepts and terms regarding the frontal si- nus, its drainage pathway and cells vs. spaces of the anterior ethmoid, based on Three-Dimensional Computer X-ray Tomography Stereoscopic Imaging (3DCTSI) and contrast these concepts to those reported in the current literature. METHODS: Given the new anatomic observations provided by 3DCTSI, and the widespread anatomic variations a small sample was initially selected to describe our observations. Six exemplary cases according to the “Classification of Fronto-Ethmoidal cells” by Kuhn, Bent et al., Lee et al., expanded by Wormald et al., and adopted by Ramakrishnan et al., Huang et al., and Void et al. (1-7) were chosen to illustrate our detailed anatomic observations. Additional observations and data of prevalence identified in a larger series will follow. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: Conceptually, the anterior ethmoid “cells” are in essence “spaces” with openings that communicate with the middle meatus and/or the ethmoidal infundibulum. The frontal sinus and frontal recess are a united and continuous three-dimensional, irregularly shaped space, the Frontal Sinus/Recess Space (FSRS). The uncinate process has two segments: the Ethmoidal Uncinate Process (EUP), which encompasses the Infundibular Space of the EUP (IS-EUP), currently known as the Agger Nasi cell; and the Turbinal Uncinate Process (TUP), which borders the Turbinal Infundibulum (TI) medially. The superior attach- ment of the EUP will be detailed in each of the six cases (Table 2). The middle meatus and infundibular passages are the drainage pathways from the frontal sinus and maxillary sinus to the nasal cavity.