Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synapse and Receptor Alterations in Two Different S100B-Induced Glaucoma-Like Models

Glaucoma is identified by an irreversible retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. Over the past few years, the immune system gained importance in its genesis. In a glaucoma-like animal model with intraocular S100B injection, RGC death occurs at 14 days. In an experimental autoimmune glaucoma model with systemic S100B immunization, a loss of RGCs is accompanied by a decreased synaptic signal at 28 days. Here, we aimed to study synaptic alterations in these two models. In one group, rats received a systemic S100B immunization (n = 7/group), while in the other group, S100B was injected intraocularly (n = 6–7/group). Both groups were compared to appropriate controls and investigated after 14 days. While inhibitory post-synapses remained unchanged in both models, excitatory post-synapses degenerated in animals with intraocular S100B injection (p = 0.03). Excitatory pre-synapses tendentially increased in animals with systemic S100B immunization (p = 0.08) and significantly decreased in intraocular ones (p = 0.04). Significantly more N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (both p ≤ 0.04) as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (both p < 0.03) were observed in S100B animals in both models. We assume that an upregulation of these receptors causes the interacting synapse types to degenerate. Heightened levels of excitatory pre-synapses could be explained by remodeling followed by degeneration.
Does speed of recognition predict two-alternative forced-choice performance? Replicating and extending Starns, Dubé, and Frelinger (2018)

Does the speed of single-item recognition errors predict performance in subsequent two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) trials that include an item with a previous error response? Starns, Dubé, and Frelinger found effects of this kind in two experiments and accounted for them in terms of continuous memory-strength signal guiding recognition decisions. However, the effects of error speed might just as well only reflect an artefact due to an error-correction strategy that uses response latency as a heuristic cue to guide 2AFC responses, elicited through confounding factors in their experimental design such as error-correction instructions and feedback. Using two conditions, a replication condition, replicating the procedure from Starns et al., and an extension condition (each n = 130), controlling for the named shortcomings, we replicated the error speed effect. In both conditions, speed of errors in a single-item recognition task was predictive of subsequent 2AFC performance, including the respective error item. To be more precise, fast errors were associated with decreased 2AFC performance. As there was no interaction with the factor condition, the results support the idea that speed of single-item recognition responses reflects the amount of memory information underlying the respective response rather than being used for a simple error-correction strategy to improve 2AFC performance.
Gender differences in heart transplantation: Twenty‐five year trends in the nationwide Spanish heart transplant registry

The study of gender differences may lead into improvement in patient care. We have aimed to identify the gender differences in heart transplantation (HT) of adult HT recipients in Spain and their evolution in a study covering the years 1993–2017 in which 6740 HT (20.6% in women) were performed. HT indication rate per million inhabitants was lower in women, remaining basically unchanged during the 25‐year study period. HT rate was higher in men, although this decreased over the 25‐year study period. Type of heart disease differed in men versus women (p < .001): ischemic heart disease 47.6% versus 22.5%, dilated cardiomyopathy 41.3% versus 34.6%, or other 36% versus 17.8%, respectively. Men were more frequently diabetics (18% vs. 13.1% p < .001), hypertensives (33.1% vs. 24% p < .001), and smokers (21.7% vs. 12.9% p < .001), respectively. Women had more pre‐HT malignancies (7.1% vs. 2.8% p < .001), and their clinical status was worse at HT due to renal function and mechanical ventilation. Adjusted survival (p = .198) and most of the mortality‐related variables were similar in men and women. Death occurred more frequently in women due to rejection (7.9% vs. 5.1% p < .001) and primary failure (18.2% vs. 12.5% p < .001) and in men due to malignancies (15.1% vs. 6.6% p < .001).
Influence of Management on Long-Term Seedbank Dynamics of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Cropping Systems of Southern Australia

Abstract A field study was undertaken to investigate the influence of different management strategies on rigid ryegrass plant density and seedbank dynamics over 4 yr. Even though weed seedbank declined by 86% after oaten hay in year 1, the residual seedbank enabled rigid ryegrass to reinfest field peas the next year, and the population rebounded sharply when weed control relied solely on PPI trifluralin. However, use of POST clethodim followed by crop-topping for seed-set prevention of rigid ryegrass in field pea was highly effective and caused a further decline in the weed seedbank. Integration of effective management tactics over 3 yr significantly reduced rigid ryegrass weed and spike density (90 and 81%) in the final year of the 4-yr cropping sequence. Use of oaten hay in year 1, followed by effective weed control in field pea and wheat crops, depleted the high initial seedbank (4,820 seeds m−2) to moderate levels (< 200 seeds m−2) within 3 yr. Effective weed-management treatments depleted the rigid ryegrass seedbank, reduced in-crop weed infestation, and returned higher grain yields and profitability. The results of this study clearly show that large rigid ryegrass populations can be managed effectively without reducing crop productivity and profitability provided multiyear weed-management programs are implemented effectively. Nomenclature: Clethodim, trifluralin, rigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaudin LOLRI, field pea, Pisum sativum L, oat, Avena sativa L. ; wheat; Triticum aestivum L.
Consolidation with 90Yttrium‐ibritumomab tiuxetan after bendamustine and rituximab for relapsed follicular lymphoma

Bendamustine and rituximab (BR) are widely used in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) previously treated with conventional immunochemotherapy, but the role of consolidation radioimmunotherapy in these patients is unknown. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of consolidation with 90Yttrium‐ibritumomab tiuxetan (90Y‐IT) after re‐induction therapy with BR in patients with previously treated FL. This study included adult patients with relapsed FL who had undergone one or two prior therapies. Re‐induction therapy with BR was administered every 4 weeks up to 4–6 cycles. If patients achieved at least partial response, 90Y‐IT was administered as consolidation therapy. The primary endpoint was 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) after consolidation. A total of 24 FL patients (median age 60 years) who had undergone one (n = 17) or two (n = 7) prior treatments received BR. After BR therapy, 22 patients proceeded to consolidation with 90Y‐IT, resulting in an overall 88% response rate to the protocol treatment. Within a median observation period of 46.8 months, the estimated 2‐year PFS rate after the consolidation among the 22 patients receiving 90Y‐IT was 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38%–77%). Patients whose remission after previous treatment had lasted ≥2 years had a significantly higher 2‐year PFS rate than patients whose remission after previous treatment had been <2 years (68% vs. 33%, Wilcoxon p = 0.0211). Major adverse events during the protocol treatment and within 2 years after the consolidation were hematological toxicities, but they were generally acceptable. Consequently, the estimated 2‐year overall survival after the consolidation was 95% (95% CI, 74%–99%). In conclusion, in a subset of patients with previously treated FL, 90Y‐IT consolidation after BR re‐induction conferred a durable remission, indicating that consolidation therapy using 90Y‐IT may be a novel therapeutic option for patients with relapsed FL (UMIN000008793).
Approaches to interdisciplinary mixed methods research in land‐change science and environmental management

Combining qualitative and quantitative methods and data is crucial to understanding the complex dynamics and often interdisciplinary nature of conservation. Many conservation scientists use mixed methods, but there are a variety of mixed methods approaches, a lack of shared vocabulary, and few methodological frameworks. We reviewed articles from 2 conservation‐related fields that often incorporate qualitative and quantitative methods: land‐change science (n = 16) and environmental management (n = 16). We examined how authors of these studies approached mixed methods research by coding key methodological characteristics, including relationships between method objectives, extent of integration, iterative interactions between methods, and justification for use of mixed methods. Using these characteristics, we created a typology with the goal of improving understanding of how researchers studying land‐change science and environmental management approach interdisciplinary mixed methods research. We identified 5 types of mixed methods approaches, which we termed simple nested, informed nested, simple parallel, unidirectional synthesis, and bidirectional synthesis. Methods and data sources were often used to address different research questions within a project, and only around half of the reviewed papers methodologically integrated different forms of data. Most authors used one method to inform the other, rather than both informing one another. Very few articles used methodological iteration. Each methodological type has certain epistemological implications, such as the disciplinary reach of the research and the capacity for knowledge creation through the exchange of information between distinct methodologies. To exemplify a research design that can lead to multidimensional knowledge production, we provide a methodological framework that bidirectionally integrates and iterates qualitative and quantitative methods.
Simultaneous robotic kidney transplantation and bariatric surgery for morbidly obese patients with end‐stage renal failure

Patients with obesity have limited access to kidney transplantation, mainly due to an increased incidence of surgical complications, which could be reduced with selective use of robotic‐assisted surgery. This prospective randomized controlled trial compares the safety and efficacy of combining robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant to robotic kidney transplant alone in candidates with class II or III obesity. Twenty candidates were recruited, 11 were randomized to the robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant group and 9 to the robotic kidney transplant group. At 12‐month follow‐up, change in body mass index was –8.76 ± 1.82 in the robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant group compared to 1.70 ± 2.30 in the robotic kidney transplant group (P = .0041). Estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, readmission rates, and graft failure rates up to 12 months were not different between the two groups. Length of surgery was longer in the robotic sleeve gastrectomy and robotic‐assisted kidney transplant group (405 minutes vs. 269 minutes, p = .00304) without increase in estimated blood loss (120 ml vs. 117 ml, p = .908) or incidence of surgical complications. Combined robotic‐assisted kidney transplant and sleeve gastrectomy is safe and effective compared to robotic‐assisted kidney transplant alone.
Cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 activates AMPK connecting cell adhesion to autophagy

Autophagy plays critical roles in the maintenance of endothelial cells in response to cellular stress caused by blood flow. There is growing evidence that both cell adhesion and cell detachment can modulate autophagy, but the mechanisms responsible for this regulation remain unclear. Immunoglobulin and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) is a cell adhesion molecule that regulates angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function. In this study, using various biochemical and cellular assays, we demonstrate that IGPR-1 is activated by autophagy-inducing stimuli, such as amino acid starvation, nutrient deprivation, rapamycin, and lipopolysaccharide. Manipulating the IκB kinase β activity coupled with in vivo and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that IκB kinase β is a key serine/threonine kinase activated by autophagy stimuli and that it catalyzes phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser220. The subsequent activation of IGPR-1, in turn, stimulates phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which leads to phosphorylation of the major pro-autophagy proteins ULK1 and Beclin-1 (BECN1), increased LC3-II levels, and accumulation of LC3 punctum. Thus, our data demonstrate that IGPR-1 is activated by autophagy-inducing stimuli and in response regulates autophagy, connecting cell adhesion to autophagy. These findings may have important significance for autophagy-driven pathologies such cardiovascular diseases and cancer and suggest that IGPR-1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target.
A Scoping Review of Anxiety in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Research on anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has burgeoned in the past 15 years. Most of the research has focused on school‐age children, ages 6 to 18 years. Yet, recent studies suggest that anxiety can emerge in young children, under 6 years, with ASD. This scoping review synthesized the literature on anxiety in young children with ASD. Three domains of anxiety research were reviewed: (a) prevalence/severity, phenomenology, and course; (b) correlates; and (c) treatment. Four online databases were searched from the start of the database until March 2020. Keywords pertaining to anxiety, autism, and young children were entered. The search identified 44 articles for inclusion. These studies varied with respect to sample source, informants, and measures to assess anxiety. The overall prevalence of anxiety ranged from 1.6 to 62%. Sixteen of 17 studies found that young children with ASD had higher levels of anxiety compared to various control groups. A variety of DSM anxiety symptoms and disorders were present in young children with the most common symptoms being specific, social, and generalized fears. Correlates of anxiety included sensory over‐responsivity, sleep disturbance, aggression/defiance, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Three cognitive behavioral treatment studies for anxiety and one developmental intervention targeting ASD symptoms showed promise in reducing anxiety. Findings indicate an early emergence of anxiety in some children with ASD. Further research on the measurement, pathophysiology, and treatment of anxiety in early childhood is critical to improving outcomes in children with ASD.
Tumor budding score predicts lymph node status in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and should be included in the pathology report

Background The majority of oral cavity cancers arise in the oral tongue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor budding in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, both as a separate variable and in combination with depth of invasion. We also assessed the prognostic impact of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s TNM classification (TNM8), where depth of invasion (DOI) supplements diameter in the tumor size (T) categorization. Methods Patients diagnosed with primary oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated retrospectively. Spearman bivariate correlation analyses with bootstrapping were used to identify correlation between variables. Prognostic value of clinical and histopathological variables was assessed by Log rank and Cox regression analyses with bootstrapping using 5-year disease specific survival as outcome. The significance level for the hypothesis test was 0.05. Results One-hundred and fifty patients had available material for microscopic evaluation on Hematoxylin and Eosin-stained slides and were included in the analyses. Reclassification of tumors according to TNM8 caused a shift towards a higher T status compared to the previous classification. The tumor budding score was associated with lymph node metastases where 23% of the patients with low-budding tumors had lymph node metastases, compared with 43% of those with high-budding tumors. T-status, lymph node status, tumor budding, depth of invasion, and the combined tumor budding/depth of invasion score were all significantly associated with survival in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses only N-status was an independent prognosticator of survival. Conclusion Reclassification according to TNM8 shifted many tumors to a higher T-status, and also increased the prognostic value of the T-status. This supports the implementation of depth of invasion to the T-categorization in TNM8. Tumor budding correlated with lymph node metastases and survival. Therefore, information on tumor budding can aid clinicians in treatment planning and should be included in pathology reports of oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas.
Phase Diagrams of Diatomic Molecules Using the Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo Method

Abstract The Gibbs simulation method is used to explore the phase diagrams of a range of diatomic Lennard-Jones (DLJ) molecules. The dependence of the critical packing fractions on the bond-length of the molecules is examined. Reasonable agreement is found with both experimental and theoretical results. Particular attention is paid to the phase diagram of chlorine and the phase diagram is predicted for a more accurate anisotropic site-site potential. Good agreement is found with the experimental results for both the potential models. We conclude that for chlorine, the liquid-vapour phase envelope is not sensitive to the details of the potential model and therefore cannot be used to improve the model of the intermolecular forces.
The Function of Calcium in Plant Nutrition

Calcium is one of the necessary nutritive elements to maintain plant's normal life activities,and it performs a variety of physiological functions in fronds;Currently,calcium is no longer viewed only as a kind of nutritive material which participates in making diversified organs and tissues of plants,but also regulates cell's functions as signal material,so it ensures that all kinds of metabolic activities in plants are on the rails;In addi- tion,calcium also plays an important role in improving the soil medium in which plants grow.Therefore,the function of calcium in plant nutrition physiology has been concerned widely.This article summarizes the current research results and trends in this field on the basis of plentiful literatures.
Sequential Dual Attention Network for Rain Streak Removal in a Single Image

Various weather conditions, such as rain, haze, or snow, can degrade visual quality in images/videos, which may significantly degrade the performance of related applications. In this paper, a novel framework based on sequential dual attention deep network is proposed for removing rain streaks (deraining) in a single image, called by SSDRNet (Sequential dual attention-based Single image DeRaining deep Network). Since the inherent correlation among rain steaks within an image should be stronger than that between the rain streaks and the background (non-rain) pixels, a two-stage learning strategy is implemented to better capture the distribution of rain streaks within a rainy image. The two-stage deep neural network primarily involves three blocks: residual dense blocks (RDBs), sequential dual attention blocks (SDABs), and multi-scale feature aggregation modules (MAMs), which are all delicately and specifically designed for rain removal. The two-stage strategy successfully learns very fine details of the rain steaks of the image and then clearly removes them. Extensive experimental results have shown that the proposed deep framework achieves the best performance on qualitative and quantitative metrics compared with state-of-the-art methods. The corresponding code and the trained model of the proposed SSDRNet have been available online at https://github.com/fityanul/SDAN-for-Rain-Removal.
Development of a Rat Model for Glioma-Related Epilepsy

Seizures are common in patients with high-grade gliomas (30–60%) and approximately 15–30% of glioblastoma (GB) patients develop drug-resistant epilepsy. Reliable animal models are needed to develop adequate treatments for glioma-related epilepsy. Therefore, fifteen rats were inoculated with F98 GB cells (GB group) and four rats with vehicle only (control group) in the right entorhinal cortex. MRI was performed to visualize tumor presence. A subset of seven GB and two control rats were implanted with recording electrodes to determine the occurrence of epileptic seizures with video-EEG recording over multiple days. In a subset of rats, tumor size and expression of tumor markers were investigated with histology or mRNA in situ hybridization. Tumors were visible on MRI six days post-inoculation. Time-dependent changes in tumor morphology and size were visible on MRI. Epileptic seizures were detected in all GB rats monitored with video-EEG. Twenty-one days after inoculation, rats were euthanized based on signs of discomfort and pain. This study describes, for the first time, reproducible tumor growth and spontaneous seizures upon inoculation of F98 cells in the rat entorhinal cortex. The development of this new model of GB-related epilepsy may be valuable to design new therapies against tumor growth and associated epileptic seizures.
Extrafloral Nectar, Honeydew, and Sucrose Effects on Searching Behavior and Efficiency of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Cotton

The influence of extrafloral nectar, sucrose, or whitefly honeydew on host- and food-searching behavior of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) females was investigated. Retention time, parasitization rate, time allocation to host damaged leaves and time interval between subsequent host attacks were compared in different cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. , patch treatments containing Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie) hosts. Parasitoids that were starved for 2 d before release to patches with either sucrose or extrafloral nectar showed longer retention times and higher rates of parasitization than those not able to feed. The presence of food in the patch increased the time allocated to damaged leaves, but did not reduce the time interval between host attacks. Parasitoids that fed in patches with honeydew showed a similar performance to parasitoids in patches without any food, probably as a result of the relatively low quantity and quality of this food source for M. croceipes . The initial and subsequent detect-ability of different food sources was also investigated. More parasitoids found extrafloral nectar than sucrose in a first release. However, in a subsequent release, nectar and sucrose were found equally fast. Therefore, parasitoids showed an innate attraction to extrafloral nectar, whereas learning may have influenced orientation to sucrose. The importance and use of cotton extrafloral nectar as food source for adult parasitoids and the means of using extrafloral nectar as part of a pest management strategy in biological control are discussed.