Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s Disease and Herbal Combination Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first described in 1907 and got its name after Alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist. This disease starts slow, increasing gradually to worsen in the due course of time. AD is mainly characterized by the associated dementia, which is a decline of cognitive effects such as memory, praxis, and orientation. The dementia is further highlighted by the presence of psychological and behavioral symptoms. Additionally, AD is also associated with the multiple interconnected pathways linked neuropathological changes such as the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β plaques inside the brain. AD therapeutics have been of prime concern over the decades, resulting in the elucidation of promising therapeutic targets. The requirement of AD stage dependent optimized conditions has necessitated a combinatorial approach toward treatment. The priority in AD research has remained to develop disease-modifying and development-reducing drugs for treatment regimens followed during the early and later stages, respectively.
Evaluation of oocyst shedding of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina in broiler chickens

espanolEl proposito del presente estudio fue evaluar el dia y la hora de recoleccion de la muestra de un desafio experimental con Eimeria maxima (EM) y Eimeria acervulina (EA) en pollos de engorde. Los pollos de engorde macho Cobb-Vantress de un dia de edad se asignaron aleatoriamente a uno de tres grupos con diez replicas (n = 8 pollos / replica). Los pollos se colocaron en jaulas de bateria con un entorno controlado apropiado para la edad: Grupo 1) Control negativo (sin desafio o tratamiento); 2) Control de desafio (solo desafio Eimeria); 3) Desafio + salinomicina. A los 14 dias de edad, los pollos fueron desafiados por via oral con el cultivo mixto de EM / EA (10,000 EM esporulados que contenian 4% de EA de tipo salvaje). Los parametros de rendimiento se registraron en los dias 7, 14, 20 y 23. Los puntajes de las lesiones se registraron post mortem en los dias 20 y 23. El oocisto por gramo (OPG) se realizo en los dias seis, siete y ocho despues del desafio, y muestras se recolectaron a las 9:00 a.m. y a las 6:00 p.m. de cada dia, respectivamente. Los recuentos de oocistos fueron significativamente diferentes (P EnglishThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the day and the time of sample collection of an experimental challenge with Eimeria maxima (EM) and Eimeria acervulina (EA) in broiler chickens. Oneday old male Cobb-Vantress broiler chickens were randomly allocated to one of three groups with ten replicates (n=8 chickens/replicate). Chickens were placed in battery cages with a controlled ageappropriate environment: Group 1) Negative control (no challenge or treatment); 2) Challenge control (Eimeria challenge only); 3) Challenge + Salinomycin. Challenged chickens were orally gavaged with the mixed culture of EM/EA (10,000 sporulated EM containing 4% wild-type EA) at 14 days of age. Performance parameters were recorded at days 7, 14, 20, and 23. Lesions scores were recorded post-mortem on days 20 and 23. Oocyst per gram (OPG) was performed on days six, seven, and eight post-challenge, and samples were collected at 9:00 AM and 6:00 PM on each day, respectively. Oocyst counts were significantly different (P
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Brain Function During Auditory Stimulation

Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM) is a recently established method that, based on the same acquisition technique as conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging, has two very appealing features: 1) it is quantitative and 2) it is considerably less affected by nonlocal effects than the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Here, the response of the auditory cortex to the presentation of short acoustic stimuli has been studied with fQSM. fQSM responses to stimuli were obtained by using a data-driven approach based on signal deconvolution to avoid assumptions regarding the response shape. fQSM and BOLD responses showed similar shapes, however, while the majority (82%) of fQSM responses described transient decreases in magnetic susceptibility (explainable by the same mechanisms behind the typical, positive BOLD responses), some voxels exhibited transient increments in magnetic susceptibility, which might reflect the interplay among changes in fractional oxygen saturation, cerebral blood flow, and volume. Statistically significant fQSM responses were observed not only in veins (which constitute the largest sources of magnetic susceptibility contrast) but also in gray matter tissue, suggesting that this technique is sensitive to subtle, stimulus-dependent changes also in the parenchyma, and therefore it might be useful to localize and interpret the sources of activation.
A Historical-Correlation-Driven Robust Optimization Approach for Microgrid Dispatch

Robust optimization (RO) has been a proficient approach for uncertainty dispatch in microgrids. In view of the strong conservativeness of traditional RO models, this article proposes a historical-correlation-driven (HCD) RO method for the MG dispatch problem. Firstly, the distinct spatiotemporal correlations in renewable energy (RE) generation are confirmed based on the historical data series of RE power. To effectively extract the correlation characteristics, the new intervals that envelop all correlation data points of similar days are formulated via the line-fitting approach, and the interval boundaries are added as liner constraints into the polyhedral uncertainty set that actively integrates the spatiotemporal correlations and avoids unreasonable scenarios. Secondly, a gradient-approximating decomposition algorithm with equilibrium constraints is put forward to address the nonlinear RO problem caused by non-independent uncertainties. The alternative optimization procedure ensures the gradient ascent of the objective, thus achieving the fast solution convergence of the Max-Min model with binary recourse variables. Besides, the equilibrium constraints realize the precise linearization of bilinear terms, as well as avoid the introduction of numerous binaries. Case tests verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed HCD-RO method comparing with existing models and algorithms.
Performance Analysis of Heterogeneous Networks With Wireless Caching and Full Duplex Relaying

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) provide a powerful approach to cope with the dramatic mobile traffic growth. However, the backhaul limitation is an essential challenge. This paper is motivated to study how wireless caching and full duplex (FD) relaying can address the aforementioned challenge in a two-tier HetNet. Specifically, we propose a hybrid caching model consisting of probabilistic caching in the small base station (SBS) tier, and determinated but partially identical caching in the user equipment (UE) tier. Based on the proposed caching model, we disclose four types of content hitting-and-retrieving strategies embedded, where the last one relies on FD relaying to enhance transmissions. Based on a stochastic geometry modeling, we explicitly derive the content requester (CR) association probability, the content provider (CP) active probability, the CP average load, and the successful transmission probability (STP) for different strategies, respectively. All these beforehand derivations finally lead to the successful probability (SP) in closed form, which is the performance metric of the overall system. Explicitly, we demonstrate the improved offloading performance and the accuracy of derivations via simulations. Numerical results show that FD benefits the HetNet caching system effectively.
Polarization-Controllable Dual-Band Antennas Using Nonbianisotropic Complementary Split Ring Resonator-Loaded Metasurfaces

In this work, compact polarization-controllable dual-band antennas are designed, prototyped, and experimentally verified, which are composed of a planar monopole on top of a dual-layer truncated metasurface (MS) containing patches and nonbianisotropic complementary split ring resonators. By tailoring the dispersive properties of the MS, the relative phase difference of resonances associated with surface waves supported along two orthogonal horizontal directions can be independently engineered at two separate frequency bands, thereby giving rise to compact dual-band antennas with controllable polarization in each band. Three proof-of-concept example antennas with a form factor on the order of $0.3\lambda _{\mathbf {0}}\times 0.3 \lambda _{\mathbf {0}} \times 0.04 \lambda _{\mathbf {0}}$ were designed and measured. The first one provides circularly polarized (CP) radiation with the same sense of polarization in both bands, the second one offers linearly polarized (LP) radiation in the lower band and CP radiation in the higher band, while the last one achieves CP radiation in the lower band and LP radiation in the higher band. The measured results agree well with the simulation predictions, thus verifying the proposed concept and specific antenna designs.
From Video Classification to Video Prediction: Deep Learning Approaches to Video Modelling

From Video Classification to Video Prediction: Deep Learning Approaches to Video Modelling by Hehe Fan Intelligent systems need the ability to understand not only the static scenes around them but also the dynamic changes in the environment. In order to understand the dynamic changes, intelligent systems are expected to model spatiotemporal sequences, i.e., videos. Learning video representations and predicting future movements constitute two fundamental missions of video modelling. This dissertation presents two works on video classification. In the first work, based on video shot representations, which are extracted by convolutional neural networks, a selective multi-instance learning method is proposed to automatically detect whether an event of interest happens in temporally untrimmed videos which usually consist of multiple video shots. This work can be seen as a binary video classification problem. The second work focuses on efficiency, which aims to reduce the computational cost for classification of temporally untrimmed videos while retaining similar accuracy. With deep reinforcement learning, a fast forward network is devised to skip most of uninformative frames, and an adaptive stop network is incorporated to generate timely trigger to stop the agent watching videos. The proposed method enables agents to classify videos by watching a very small portion of frames. This dissertation also presents two works on video prediction. The core of video prediction involves moving object capture and future motion prediction. While object capture specifies which objects are moving in videos, motion prediction describes their future dynamics. Motivated by this analysis, a Cubic Long Short-Term Memory (CubicLSTM) unit is proposed by splitting internal states into a spatial state and a temporal state, which can better capture the spatio-temporal structure for video prediction. In addition to conventional 2D RGB videos, prediction is also conducted on moving 3D point clouds. Compared to RGB videos, point cloud videos provide accurate displacement measurements, which are generally unaffected by lighting conditions. Prediction based on 3D point cloud videos provides more flexibilities for future action planning in poor visibility environments, and covers more precise geometry dynamics than the conventional RGB video prediction. To extend recurrent neural network for point cloud video prediction, a series of point spatio-temporal correlation recurrent neural networks, including PointRNN, PointGRU and PointLSTM, are proposed to jointly aggregate point coordinates and features in input, states and output, which enable point to interact in a unified way. Because point cloud videos exhibit unorderedness in the spatial dimension and emerge inconsistently across different frames, a point spatio-temporal correlation operation is used to dynamically model point relations during input-to-state and state-to-state transitions. Dissertation directed by Professor Yi Yang
Implication du récepteur LSR (lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor) dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie du cholestérol cérébral et les capacités cognitives au cours du vieillissement

La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est une maladie neurodegenerative touchant plusieurs millions de personnes. La MA a une origine multifactorielle. Diverses etudes suggerent qu'une perturbation du metabolisme du cholesterol contribue au developpement de la MA. Cependant, la litterature presente beaucoup de confusion. Il est donc crucial de mieux caracteriser le metabolisme et l'implication du cholesterol dans la MA. Ce travail s'est interesse au recepteur Lipolysis Stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor (LSR) qui est un recepteur hepatique aux lipoproteines participant a la clairance des lipides en phase post prandiale. Les objectifs de cette these ont ete de caracteriser la presence du recepteur LSR dans le cerveau de souris, de determiner son role dans le controle de l'homeostasie du cholesterol cerebral et dans la physiopathologie de la MA. Ainsi, nous avons caracterise la presence de LSR dans des structures cerebrales importantes pour les capacites cognitives et le metabolisme energetique. Grâce a un modele de souris heterozygote pour le recepteur LSR, nous avons mis en evidence que la deletion d'un allele LSR entraine une alteration du metabolisme du cholesterol cerebral au cours du vieillissement, qui est correlee avec une augmentation de la sensibilite au stress amyloide. Ces resultats suggerent un role du recepteur LSR dans le controle de l'homeostasie du cholesterol cerebral et renforcent l'idee qu'une alteration de cette derniere peut impacter la physiopathologie de la MA. Enfin, nous avons observe que la deficience d'un allele LSR chez des souris placees sous un regime hyperlipidique pouvait impacter le metabolisme lipidique peripherique ainsi que l'anxiete de ces souris
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its potential protective effect upon heart

To circumvent the major threats of low blood volume and low blood pressure, animals need powerful mechanisms for salt and water conservation, which is renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Activation of the RAS is, therefore, a useful response in many demanding situations. However, increased activity of the RAS, especially in combination with other cardiovascular risk factors, may lead to a cascade of deleterious effects such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial remodeling, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Although many pathophysiological actions of angiotensin (Ang) II may still be viewed as being homeostatic in principle, its over-activation can be detrimental. Numerous experimental studies have indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 efficiently hydrolyzes the potent vasoconstrictor Ang II to Ang 1–7. Thus, the axis formed by ACE 2/Ang 1–7/Mas appears to represent an endogenous counterregulatory pathway within the RAS, the actions of which are in opposition to the vasoconstrictor/proliferative arm of the RAS consisting of ACE, Ang II, and AT1 receptor. Although most of the well-known cardiovascular and renal effects of RAS are attributed to ACE, an important enzyme in the generation of Ang II, much less is known about the function of ACE 2. This review summarizes the recently published data on basic properties of ACE 2 and Ang 1–7 and the evidence from experimental and clinical studies of various pathological conditions related to the biological roles of ACE 2/Ang 1–7/Mas in the heart.
Assessment of the influence of Nonstationary Climate on Extreme Hydrology of Southwestern Canada

Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is vital to address management practices and policies for planned adaptation to a changing climate. The primary objective of this study is to examine the spatial and temporal variability of available water in the naturally flowing watersheds of southwestern Canada using regional hydroclimatic indices. To do so, we first examined the empirical relationships between historically observed streamflow in 24 naturally flowing watersheds across southwestern Canada and the associated watershed’s hydroclimate, represented by the watershed averaged Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The hydroclimate of all the selected watersheds is assumed to be represented by the second version of the NRCAN gridded climate dataset. We then developed SPEI-based principle component regression (PCR) equations and found them to be very efficient in representing the variability in historically observed monthly and annual streamflow. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the SPEI is able to adequately simulate historical streamflow in the naturally-flowing watersheds, depending, however, on the hydrologic response of the watershed to the regional climate, i.e. the time-lag between the input (precipitation) to and output (streamflow) from the watershed. The SPEI-based PCR equations are simpler to build than calibrating a numerical hydrological model and can be applied over large areas and many sub-basins with minimal data requirements to estimate streamflow.
Correlates of life-history variation in the livebearing fishPoecilia vivipara(Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) inhabiting an environmental gradient

1Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, 13506900, Brazil 2Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Macaé, Brazil 3Department of Biological Sciences and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 4Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Reconfigurable-Bandwidth DWB BPF With Fixed Operation Frequency and Controllable Stopband

In this brief, a novel planar topology is presented for the design of reconfigurable-bandwidth dual-wideband bandpass filters with fixed operation frequency and controllable stopband. The proposed design is started from a three-mode passive filtering structure with five transmission zeros, whose second and third passband edges can be independently allocated. Then, two PIN diodes are used as the tuning elements. With the help of these PIN diodes, three bandwidth states can be achieved. In contrast to the previous works with only independently tunable single passband edges, the first and fourth passband edges of the proposed filter can be reconfigurable in same absolute ranges, while the rest two ones are unaltered. For validation, a reconfigurable prototype is designed and measured. The measured results agree well with the theoretical analysis, verifying a simple design approach of DWB BPFs with new reconfigurable-bandwidth property.
Design and development of peptide-based HIV-1 integrase inhibitors

Based on a lead tripeptide compound synthesised in-house during anti-bacterial studies, small peptidic inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase (IN) enzyme were investigated as potential treatments for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Initial design strategies were based on potential interactions of the inhibitor docked to a preliminary model of the enzyme. This resulted in forty eight first generation peptidic inhibitors containing stepwise changes in key regions of the lead compound. The IN inhibitory activities of these derivatives were then used in the development of a more refined model of the enzyme, which include the loop region of the enzyme which was missing in the preliminary model. A further ten second generation compounds were designed, synthesised and evaluated on the basis of this model. IN inhibitory activity testing, via a combined 3′-processing (3′-P) and strand transfer (ST) assay identified some twenty seven compounds possessing moderate to good activity (i.e. IC50 < 25 μM). The most potent inhibitors were N-{(1S,4S)-1-(4allyloxybenzyl)-8-amino-3-aza-4-[3-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)phenylcarbamoyl]-2oxooctyl}acetamide hydrochloride (109) and methyl (7S,10S)-10-(4-allyloxybenzyl)-7(4-aminobutyl)-5,8,11-triaza-12-[2-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-6,9,12-trioxododecanoate hydrochloride (163) with IC50 values of 4.5 and 4.0 μM respectively. A detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) assessment, with respect to IN inhibition, was conducted on all the tested compounds. Studies done on a structurally diverse sample of the more active compounds indicated that these tripeptidic inhibitors selectively inhibited the strand transfer reaction of IN, with no observed inhibition of the 3′-processing reaction.
Review and update of ultrasonic vocalization in animals: Correlation with autism
 spectrum disorder experimental models?

The ability to understand and to communicate is essential for the adapted social and cultural development of children. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by social interaction deficiencies in the verbal language domain and may incur in repetitive, stereotyped, and restricted gestural behaviors. Regarding animal models in ASD, many studies focus on gene expression, cortical neuronal migration and cell maturation, and neural network deficits. However, very few studies directly link animal oral communication and gene expression in cortical areas of language. The object of our study aimed to review and to correlate genes involved in ASD and those related to ultrasonic communication in animal model studies of language-based social behavior at the PubMed database. The PubMed search yielded 25 selected papers. Some findings showed critical genes, which modulate several aspects of verbal communication. Most of these genes can be markers of communication deficits.
Empresa familiar: La importancia del clima familiar y la identificación de la familia con su empresa

This work analyzes how the family climate affects the establishment of non-financial or socio-emotional goals in family businesses, and suggests that this influence is mediated by the degree of family identification with the company. More specifically, we propose that positive family dynamics generate identification of the family with its company. In turn, identification leads the company to adopt non-financial goals. These hypotheses are confirmed by the data obtained from 374 members of senior management teams in 173 Spanish unlisted family companies.