Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HISTOCHEMISTRY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN EYELIDS II

In a previous study, the development of the human eyelids was investigated in a material comprising human foetuses of crown-rump lengths varying from 8 to 220 mm (Andersen, Ehlers and Matthiessen, 1965). The development passes through three stages: ( 1 ) The stage of growth: The period from the initial ectoderm proliferation till the junction of the eyelids (crown-rump length from about 12 mm to about 40 mm), (2) The stage of differentiation: From junction to the beginning of disjunction (crown-rump length from about 40 mm to about 150 mm), and (3) The stage of maturation: The remaining part of the development of the eyelids, characterized by continued growth and maturation of the various structures of the eyelids. The study dealt mainly with the first two stages, and time-tables were drawn up for the appearance and development of the different structures, and the development was discussed from a functional point of view. However, certain problems remained and will be dealt with in the present paper: ( 1 ) Does the junction of the eyelids give rise to an epithelial adhesion only between the two eyelids, or are desmosomes, or another epithelial contact, formed at the site of the junction? (2) The more intimate relationship between the epithelium of the junction
Localization or Globalization? Determination of the Optimal Regression Window for Disaggregation of Land Surface Temperature

The past decade has witnessed the disaggregation of remotely sensed land surface temperature (DLST), which aims for the generation of high temporal and spatial resolution land surface temperature (LST) and which has steadily evolved into a relatively independent subfield of thermal remote sensing. Limited by Tobler's first law of geography, DLST methods require a regression between LSTs and scaling factors using image pixels within a globalized or a localized regression window. Recommendations regarding the selection of the regression window have been provided, but they are mainly subjective and based on highly specific examples. In this context, 100 DLST samples with diversified land cover types and climates were employed to assess the global window strategy (GWS) and the local window strategy (LWS). To optimize disaggregation accuracy and computational complexity, the assessments show that the optimal moving-window size (MWS) for the LWS can be estimated by the resolution ratio between pre- and postdisaggregated LSTs. To identify the better strategy between the GWS and the LWS, an indirect criterion based on aggregation-disaggregation (ICAD) was formulated, which determines the better strategy from medium to high resolution according to the associated performances from low to medium resolution. Validations demonstrate that the accuracy predicted by the ICAD achieves 72%, and in cases in which predictions are incorrect, the performances of the GWS and the LWS are similar. Further evidences indicate that the use of historical high-resolution LSTs improves the LWS by using a locally varying MWS. These findings are able to guide researchers in choosing the most suitable regression window for any particular DLST.
Evidence for a Specific Receptor Site for Lidocaine, Quinidine, and Bupivacaine Associated with Cardiac Sodium Channels in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocardium

According to the modulated receptor hypothesis, sodium channels have a specific receptor site for local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drugs. Thus, in the presence of a high concentration of two drugs, competitive displacement of one drug by another may occur. Furthermore, if a drug that has relatively rapid post-stimulation recovery kinetics (e.g., lidocaine) displaces another drug with relatively slow recovery kinetics (i.e., quinidine or bupivacaine), then a net reduction in sodium channel blockade is expected at certain stimulation rates. We tested this prediction, using the maximum upstroke velocity of the ventricular action potential as an indicator of drug-free sodium channels. A single sucrose gap technique was used to stimulate guinea pig papillary muscles, and to control membrane voltage at all times except during the action potential upstroke. Drug-induced inhibition of maximum upstroke velocity increased as the stimulation rate was increased, and was significant (P < 0.05) at stimulation rates between 2.5 and 4 Hz in the presence of 43 μM lidocaine (n = 5), and between 0.15 and 4 Hz in the presence of 3.5 μM bupivacaine (n = 4). The addition of 43 μM lidocaine to a perfusate containing 3.5 μM bupivacaine resulted in a net increase in maximum upstroke velocity that was significant at rates between 1 and 3.3 Hz, with a maximum increase of 25 ± 6% at 1.6 Hz. In contrast, addition of 43 μM lidocaine to a perfusate containing 15 μM quinidine did not result in a significant change in maximum upstroke velocity at driving rates between 0.05 and 3.3 Hz (P > 0.2; n = 4). However, evidence for displacement of quinidine by lidocaine could be demonstrated by measuring post-stimulation recovery after a conditioning train of 19 10-msec pulses applied at 28 Hz. With this stimulation protocol, 41 ± 4% of maximum upstroke velocity recovered slowly from block with a time constant of 3.7 ± 1.2 seconds at −100 mV in the presence of 15 μM quinidine (n = 5). In the presence of a mixture of 43 μM lidocaine and 15 μM quinidine, this slow component was significantly reduced to 16 ± 7% (n = 5; P < 0.01), while 71 ± 13% of maximum upstroke velocity recovered with a time constant of 115 ± 21 msec, typical of lidocaine-blocked channels. A two-drug version of the modulated receptor theory was formulated. The effects of drug mixtures could be accounted for by this model. Our results provide strong support for the modulated receptor postulate that bupivacaine, quinidine, and lidocaine bind to a common receptor site.
How do health care professionals select medical images they need?

Purpose – This paper aims to report the results of a study investigating the relevance criteria used by health care professionals when seeking medical images.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 29 participants using a think‐aloud protocol and face‐to‐face interviews and analysed using the Straussian version of grounded theory (GT). Findings – The results show that participants made use of 15 relevance criteria, although they agreed on topicality being the most important. The findings suggest that users apply different criteria in different situations when evaluating the relevancy of medical images.Originality/value – To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been few studies that investigate relevance judgments for visually orientated documents. Thus, this study helps to contribute to the understanding of medical image resources and the information needs of health care professionals. A clear understanding of the medical image information needs of health care professionals is also.
Combinatorial infection and in vivo recombination: a strategy for making large phage antibody repertoires.

Antibody fragments, comprising paired heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain variable domains, can be displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage, and rare phage (encoding antigen binding activities) selected by binding to antigen (1). The process mimics immune selection and has been used to make human antibody fragments in bacteria, without immunisation, by random combinatorial linkage (2) of diverse repertoires of VH and VL genes from lymphocytes (3, 4). Fragments with a range of binding specificities have been isolated with binding affinities in the range 10 M~'-10 M" (for reviews see (5, 6)). However larger 'primary' repertoires of phage antibodies should allow higher affinity fragments to be isolated (7, 8). The size of phage antibody repertoires (10) is limited by the efficiency of transformation of E.coli. In principle, larger repertoires could be made by combinatorial infection, for example by transforming E. coli with a repertoire of heavy chains (encoded on plasmids) then infecting with a repertoire of light chains (encoded on phage) (9). Since infection is extremely efficient, and most E.coli cells in an exponential culture can be infected, the combinatorial diversity of Fab fragments displayed on phage could be as large as the number of E.coli in culture (10 per litre). However the heavy and light chain genes would not be packaged together within the same phage particle, and so could not be simultaneously co-selected. Here we describe a model system, involving the lox-Cre site-specific recombination system of bacteriophage PI, to lock together the heavy and light chain genes from two different replicons within an infected bacterium.
Locally Joint Sparse Marginal Embedding for Feature Extraction

Classical linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has the limitation that it requires the within-class scatter matrix to be nonsingular so that it can perform eigen-decomposition to obtain optimal solutions. To break through this limitation, many methods based on LDA have been proposed. However, these methods are either sensitive to outliers or lack joint sparsity for effective feature extraction. To release these problems, this paper proposes a locally joint sparse marginal embedding (LJSME) method. LJSME reconstructs the scatter matrices and utilizes the locality graph to weigh each pair of data, such that it is robust to outliers and able to preserve the neighborhood relationship of the data. Moreover, LJSME can easily avoid the small sample-size problem by a maximum margin criterion and obtain joint sparsity for effective feature extraction by using joint sparse regularization. The comprehensive analysis between the proposed LJSME and the related methods is presented, which indicates the advantages of the proposed method. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the performance of LJSME when compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The MATLAB code of LJSME can be downloaded from https://github.com/TungmeeMo/LJSME.git.
Probing anchor losses in AlN-on-Si contour mode MEMS resonators through laser Doppler vibrometry

We present the novel application of high frequency laser Doppler vibrometry to measure the underlying mechanism leading to anchor loss that now limits the quality factor of low impedance contour mode aluminum nitride (AlN) on silicon resonators. We applied the technique to two resonators designed to have largely different quality factors (2100 vs. 12000) in order to correlate the findings from laser vibrometer measurements to anchor loss. We show that the vibrometer measurements are in close harmony with findings from finite element analysis. These results allow us to move beyond pure simulations in the course of analyzing anchor losses in AlN-on-Si contour mode resonators.
Three-Phase AC–AC Converter With Controllable Phase and Amplitude

Based on single-phase ac-ac converter with controllable phase and amplitude (ACCPA), a three-phase ACCPA without third harmonic trap was proposed for power transmission control in grid by adopting a symmetrical relationship of three phase. The three-phase ACCPA is comprised of two parts, which are used to adjust the phase and amplitude of three-phase output voltage, respectively, and continuously. Its front part is made up of three buck-type ac converters, and the back part is a three-phase boost-type ac converter. The operation principle of three-phase ACCPA, the adjustable ranges of the phase and amplitude of the front part, and the calculation formulas of control parameters under ideal conditions were studied and deduced in detail. Furthermore, the control accuracy of the phase angle was discussed for the three-phase ACCPA with digital control, and then, the method to select close-loop control parameters was obtained. The control strategy of three-phase ACCPA was presented and a prototype was fabricated. The experimental waveforms and testing results verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the control strategy.
Pre-mRNA splicing is a determinant of histone H3K36 methylation

A chromatin code appears to mark introns and exons with distinct patterns of nucleosome enrichment and histone methylation. We investigated whether a causal relationship exists between splicing and chromatin modification by asking whether splice-site mutations affect the methylation of histone H3K36. Deletions of the 3′ splice site in intron 2 or in both introns 1 and 2 of an integrated β-globin reporter gene caused a shift in relative distribution of H3K36 trimethylation away from 5′ ends and toward 3′ ends. The effects of splice-site mutations correlated with enhanced retention of a U5 snRNP subunit on transcription complexes downstream of the gene. In contrast, a poly(A) site mutation did not affect H3K36 methylation. Similarly, global inhibition of splicing by spliceostatin A caused a rapid repositioning of H3K36me3 away from 5′ ends in favor of 3′ ends. These results suggest that the cotranscriptional splicing apparatus influences establishment of normal patterns of histone modification.
Visualization of surface plasmon interference by imprinting intensity patterns on a photosensitive polymer

We report on sub-wavelength structuring of photosensitive azo-containing polymer films induced by a surface plasmon interference intensity pattern. The two surface plasmon waves generated at neighboring nano-slits in the metal layer during irradiation interfere constructively, resulting in an intensity pattern with a periodicity three times smaller than the wavelength of the incoming light. The near field pattern interacts with the photosensitive polymer film placed above it, leading to a topography change which follows the intensity pattern exactly, resulting in the formation of surface relief gratings of a size below the diffraction limit. We analyze numerically and experimentally how the depth of the nano-slit alters the interference pattern of surface plasmons and find that the sub-wavelength patterning of the polymer surface could be optimized by modifying the geometry and the size of the nano-slit.
A Chromodomain Protein Encoded by the Arabidopsis CAO Gene Is a Plant-Specific Component of the Chloroplast Signal Recognition Particle Pathway That Is Involved in LHCP Targeting

A recessive mutation in Arabidopsis, named chaos (for chlorophyll a/b binding protein harvesting–organelle specific; designated gene symbol CAO), was isolated by using transposon tagging. Characterization of the phenotype of the chaos mutant revealed a specific reduction of pigment binding antenna proteins in the thylakoid membrane. These nuclear-encoded proteins utilize a chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) system to reach the thylakoid membrane. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess a cytoplasmic SRP containing a 54-kD protein (SRP54) and an RNA. In chloroplasts, the homolog of SRP54 was found to bind a 43-kD protein (cpSRP43) rather than to an RNA. We cloned the CAO gene, which encodes a protein identified as Arabidopsis cpSRP43. The product of the CAO gene does not resemble any protein in the databases, although it contains motifs that are known to mediate protein–protein interactions. These motifs include ankyrin repeats and chromodomains. Therefore, CAO encodes an SRP component that is unique to plants. Surprisingly, the phenotype of the cpSRP43 mutant (i.e., chaos) differs from that of the Arabidopsis cpSRP54 mutant, suggesting that the functions of the two proteins do not strictly overlap. This difference also suggests that the function of cpSRP43 is most likely restricted to protein targeting into the thylakoid membrane, whereas cpSRP54 may be involved in an additional process(es), such as chloroplast biogenesis, perhaps through chloroplast–ribosomal association with chloroplast ribosomes.
The Effect of Social and Participation Environmental Factors on Achievement of The Well-being for Elderly

Elderly was part of the growth and development process. The existence of physical deterioration and social changes lead to dependency on the activity of its sovereignty. Elderly who were accustomed for having the activity will be more independent than the elderly who were in dependency. Family environment in the form of family support and community support, can affect the condition of the elderly well-being. Elderly are part of the family, which was expected to provide support in the achievement of physical well-being. Whereas the elderly themselves, because of decreasing process in the physical, psychological, social and mental ability, resulted in a lessening in the role and status of the elderly in the family. This study aims to determine the relationship between the family and society, the independence of the elderly with the elderly well-being. Descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach was used in recent study. Samples include 400 elderly and families in Surabaya with Multistage Random Sampling technique. Collecting data using interviews and observation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used in the data analysis. The result showed that family environment that supports the well-being of the elderly was an environment that provides opportunities for elderly to participate in daily activities, family support which given in the achievement of the elderly well-being were the instrumental support in the form of fulfilling the daily needs, harmonious home environment; emotional support in the form of trust in the family, a sense of care to the elderly. Results of the data analysis showed the value of the social environment, loading factor 0,72; social networking loading factor 0,71, self independency-loading factor of 0.33; and problems faced by the elderly in the family 0,66; Chisquare 4.97, p-value = 0,17500 RMSEA = 0.0006. It showed that the family and the community environment with the provision of family support, independence having a significant influence on the elderly well-being. The role of nurses was important to raise families and the elderly, so that the health, well-being and quality of life of the elderly can properly be met. Keywords : family support, the well-being of the elderly,
Effects of muscle contraction on skeletal muscle blood flow: when is there a muscle pump?

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rhythmic muscle contraction on the dynamics of venous outflow in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS The effects of frequency and duration of tetanic contraction on venous blood flow (BF) were examined with transonic flow probes placed on the femoral artery and vein. RESULTS Results reveal that instrumentation of the venous system with cannulas or flow probes alters vascular mechanics so that the muscle pump effect is masked. Measurements conducted without instrumentation of the venous vasculature in situ, as well as experiments with conscious exercising animals, indicate that the muscle pump enhances BF during exercise. Also, recent in vivo studies of humans indicate an important role for the muscle pump. In contrast, results reported herein and recent results from in situ experiments, which allow control of more parameters, indicate that there is no measurable muscle pump effect on BF during rhythmic muscle contraction. Review of the literature indicates that many in vitro/in situ experiments used instrumented veins that may have altered venous vascular mechanics and the interactions of muscle contraction and venous vascular mechanics, thus minimizing or abolishing the muscle pump effect. CONCLUSIONS The muscle pump contributes to the initial increase in BF at exercise onset and to maintenance of BF during exercise.
Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Knee

Injuries to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) can occur as isolated injuries or in conjunction with injuries to other structures about the knee. Most grade I and II MCL injuries without meniscal avulsion, alone or in combination with anterior or posterior cruciate ligament injuries, can be treated nonoperatively. Grade III or complete tears also can be treated nonoperatively, but only after careful exclusion of any associated injuries that may require surgical treatment. Treatment recommendations also have been based on the location of the MCL tear and the associated injuries. Surgical treatment may include reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments with primary repair of the MCL. Chronic medial knee injuries often are associated with concomitant ligament injuries, which also must be treated. Treatment options include nonoperative (bracing, activity modification, and rehabilitation) and operative reconstruction.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage phi PLS27-lipopolysaccharide interactions

We investigated the phi PLS27 receptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by analyzing a resistant mutant. This mutant, which was designated AK1282, had the most defective LPS yet reported for a P. aeruginosa rough mutant; this LPS contained only lipid A, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, heptose, and alanine as major components. In addition, this LPS lacked galactosamine, which is present in the inner core of the LPS of other rough mutants. The loss of galactosamine but only a small decrease in the alanine content indicated that the core of strain PAO LPS differed from the core structure which has been suggested for the LPS of other well-characterized P. aeruginosa strains. Our analysis also indicated that galactosamine residues may be crucial for phi PLS27 receptor activity of the LPS. Electrodialysis of LPS and conversion to salt forms (sodium or triethylamine) influenced the phage-inactivating capacity of the LPS, as did the medium in which the inactivation occurred; experiments performed in 1/10-strength broth resulted in much lower PhI50 (concentration of LPS causing a 50% decrease in the titer of phage during 1 h of incubation at 37 degrees C) values than experiments performed in regular-strength broth. Sonication of the LPS also increased the phage-inactivating capacities of the LPS preparations.
Swiss tertiary care center experience challenges the age-cohort effect in Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection reflects the age-characteristics, developmental status and access to health care of the population in a given area. AIM To assess the influence of demographic variables on the prevalence of H. pylori status among patients evaluated in a Swiss university medical center. METHODS Demographic data (i.e. age, gender, place of birth), indication for H. pylori testing, history of prior H. pylori eradication therapy, medical field and clinical setting of the referring physician were reviewed from patient's charts. H. pylori status was assessed by the 13C Urea breath test. RESULTS Patients born in Switzerland had lower rates of positive (13)C Urea breath test results compared to those born outside of the country (12/101 [11.9%] vs. 67/252 [26.6%]; p=0.003). While there were no differences between males and females (p>0.05), patients 50 years and below were more likely to have a positive test result compared to those above the age of 50 years (59/106 [28.6%] vs. 20/147 [13.6%]; p<0.01). There were no major differences in the rate of positive 13C Urea breath tests in patients with previous history of H. pylori eradication and those without. Patients with dyspeptic symptoms and those without had similar rates of positive tests (11/61 [18.0%] vs. 68/292 [23.3%]; p=ns). CONCLUSION Epidemiologic characteristics of H. pylori infection in Western countries are influenced by changing demographics. Further studies are warranted to investigate reasons for the changing trends in the prevalence of H. pylori infection.