Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BEYOND CARDINALITY: HOW CHILDREN LEARN TO REASON ABOUT EXACT NUMBERS By

Cross-cultural studies suggest that reasoning about exact numerical changes in sets of objects relies on language. In particular, cardinal number – the knowledge of number words that refer to exact quantity – has been emphasized as the critical factor underlying exact numerical reasoning. In the current study, we show that cardinal number is not enough. Children in kindergarten though 3rd grade performed exact subtraction on sets of objects. Similar to indigenous tribes that lack a language for each number and despite access to cardinal number, Kindergarteners’ accuracy on the non-symbolic number reasoning task was dramatically impacted by increases in set size. Finally, individual differences revealed that exact nonsymbolic numerical reasoning is related to symbolic arithmetic and not cardinal number knowledge. Our findings suggest that cardinality is insufficient for reasoning about exact quantities and that the ability to make inferences about exact changes in the numerosity of sets emerges via enculturation practices during the early elementary school years.
Implementation of a method of numerical integration of average voltages at the integration step for designing microcontroller models of electrotechnical systems

Hardware implementation of models of electrotechnical and electromechanical systems is widely recognized as a practice allowing hardware-in-the-loop technique, as well as simpler techniques like state observers or estimators. While hardware-in-the-loop technique is rather complicated, state observers or estimators are often implemented even on low-end microcontrollers. The paper presents a method of numerical integration of average voltages at the integration step for implementing a model of electrotechnical system on a low-end microcontroller because of its high operational speed and numerical stability. The developed model is emulated as a program in the C language and implemented on the Texas Instruments MSP430 platform. General guidelines are proposed for implementing of a method for designing a microcontroller model of the electrotechnical system. Such model is suitable as a basis for designing microcontroller emulators of electrotechnical and electromechanical systems or their elements serving as estimators or state observers.
Functional analysis of the homeobox gene HOXB4 in primitive hematopoietic cells

Hematopoies i s invo lves the ordered product ion o f mature b l o o d cel ls from a rare popula t ion o f undifferentiated, totipotent, stem cel ls i n the bone marrow. A p o o l o f stem cells is preserved through self-renewing d iv i s ions , to main ta in l i f e long hematopoiesis. Deregula t ion o f stem c e l l self-renewal and differentiation can have severe c l i n i c a l consequences, i nc lud ing leukemia . Hematopoie t ic stem cel ls are also h igh ly valuable for their therapeutic uses, as they can help reconstitute the hematopoiet ic system when transplanted. Y e t despite the central importance o f stem cel ls , w e k n o w very little about the regulatory mechanisms cont ro l l ing their behaviour. HOXB4, a member o f the Hox f ami ly o f transcriptional regulators, was prev ious ly shown to select ively enhance hematopoietic stem ce l l g rowth in vivo. Hox f ami ly members have gene-specific roles i n hematopoiesis, con t ro l l ing differentiation and prol i ferat ion a long specific lineages or even causing leukemia . Retrovirus-mediated overexpression o f HOXB4 i n murine bone mar row cells resulted i n enhanced stem ce l l growth in vivo, wi thout altering l y m p h o m y e l o i d differentiation or predisposing to leukemia . The major objective o f this thesis was to further explore the effects oiHOXB4 overexpression on p r imi t ive hematopoiet ic cel ls , and to test the u t i l i ty and l imita t ions o f this strategy for stem ce l l expansion. C e l l s overexpressing HOXB4 had a compet i t ive g rowth advantage in vitro, and a compet i t ive transplant advantage in vivo. HOXB4 overexpressing bone mar row ce l l cultures showed increased prol iferat ion over control c e l l cultures. M i c e transplanted w i t h //(9A34-transduced and control-transduced cells were select ively repopulated by the HOXB4 overexpressing cel ls . Importantly, the growth enhancement induced by HOXB4
Attentive Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Stock Order Executions

High frequency stock order executions require prior trading knowledge over longer periods in order to tackle volatility and address recency. This calls for domain-speciﬁc skills and awareness of price variation. We propose a novel stock order execution pipeline for S&P 500 stock sequences combining attention with Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) for high-frequency market trading. The agent, consisting of two sub-agents, learns price prediction and order bidding hierarchies by attending over past values. Additionally, the agent learns to greedily exploit present market conditions for long-run payoffs. We compare our approach with a traditional HRL agent trained on the top 6 S&P 500 stock tickers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Competitive performance of the HRL agent utilizing attention depicts suitability of our algorithm over other modern-day RL methods.
Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease using Acoustic Analysis of Voice

Acoustic analysis of voice is one of the cost effective method for detecting Parkinson disease. It is also a noninvasive, reliable and easy to use method. Also voice deviation from normal one is the earliest indicator of Parkinson. Voice data of sustained phonation has been collected from 8 healthy and 23 Parkinson subjects. The voice database is analyzed using PRAAT Software and 26 acoustic features are extracted. Some of the features being Jitters, Shimmers, Harmonic to Noise Ratio (HNR), Noise to Harmonic Ratio (NHR), Autocorrelation (AC). The values of these parameters show variation among two groups. A row vector is prepared using these parameters and fed to the classifiers. Classifiers such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), Adaboost, Decision trees and Random Forest have been tested and it was found that SVM is the best which gives the accuracy of 90%. Performances of classifiers are evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and total execution time. KeywordsParkinson’s disease, PRAAT, Acoustic features, Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks
University of Groningen Direct treatment comparison of DAbigatran and RIvaroxaban versus NAdroparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty surgery

Citation for published version (APA): van der Veen, L. , van Raay, J. J. A. M. , Gerritsma-Bleeker, C. L. E. , Veeger, N. J. G. M. , & van Hulst, M. (2013). Direct treatment comparison of DAbigatran and RIvaroxaban versus NAdroparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty surgery: design of a randomised pilot study (DARINA). BMJ Open, 3(1), [002218]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002218
Still Separate in STEM?: Trends in Sex Segregation by Field of Study in Japan, 1975-2019

There is much evidence to suggest that the gender wage gap in Japan is one of the highest in rich countries, while gender inequality in education at the vertical level is becoming increasingly equalized. A small number of studies suggest that the remaining gender gap can be attributed to horizontal segregation with respect to field of study, particularly female underrepresentation in STEM fields, and little is known about trends in sex segregation by field in Japan specifically. By using publicly available education statistics, the current study investigates these trends from 1975 through 2019. We paid particular attention to (1) different trends in non-STEM, STEM, and health fields, and (2) heterogeneity across national, public, and private institutions. The results of applying Duncan's dissimilarity index to 68 fields of study among four-year university students reveal that the overall trend in sex segregation in field of study has decreased over the 45 years by 43%. We also found that trends differ based on both institutional characteristics of universities and academic field, as the declining segregation trend is mainly driven by the massive integration of men and women in non-STEM fields in private institutions. The declining trend in segregation has been slow in recent years, especially at national and public institutions. We explored potential mechanisms for these stalling trends, and suggest that the driving forces are (1) a slower integration of women in STEM fields and (2) a rise in segregation in health fields. These results provide support for the theory of a stalled gender revolution in Japan. This study concludes that the desegregation may not be linked to the gender equality in the labor market, and that horizontal segregation may even increase because of the growing demand for the workforce to deal with population aging in the future.
Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy in Young Adults

Diabetic retinopathy remains a startling prospect to patients and disappoints doctors. Devastation of harmed retina by photocoagulation remains the essential treatment about 50 a long time after its presentation. The diabetes widespread requires unused approaches to get it the pathophysiology and move forward the discovery, avoidance, and treatment of retinopathy. This point of view considers how the interesting life systems and physiology of the retina may incline it to the metabolic stresses of diabetes. The parts of neural retinal changes and impeded retinal affront activity within the pathogenesis of early retinopathy and the components of vision misfortune are emphasized. Potential implies to overcome confinements of current creature models and demonstrative testing are too displayed with the objective of quickening therapies to oversee retinopathy within the confront of continuous diabetes.
Interactive comment on “ Relationship between the NO 2 photolysis frequency and the solar global irradiance ” by I . Trebs

The authors present a detailed analysis of the correlations between global irradiance G, which is commonly measured as part of standard met observations, and the NO2 photolysis coefficient j, which is only measured with specialized equipment (actinometers, or spherically integrating filter radiometers and spectroradiometers). Both quantities are dependent on the available incident solar radiation so that a correlation is certainly expected. But there are also differences, primarily due to different contributing wavelengths and different angular responses, which could lead to substantial scatter and bias in the correlations. Clouds, aerosols, water vapor, ground elevation and reflections all induce slightly different angular and/or wavelength dependencies. The presentation of the empirical correlations is interesting and is based on an impressive
Csaba Bálity

This study emphasizes the central role of these groups in non-formal education, and tries to determine the main characteristics of people who are involved, besides, to describe the most common didactic models. Data were collected in an Eastern Hungarian city, where all the concerned denominations, the Roman and Greek Catholic, Reformed and Baptist churches are represented. As the former scholarly activity was quite poor in this field, and the ongoing research is still at its beginning stage, some hypotheses need further confirmation.
Fast and robust mesh arrangements using floating-point arithmetic

We introduce a novel algorithm to transform any generic set of triangles in 3D space into a well-formed simplicial complex. Intersecting elements in the input are correctly identified, subdivided, and connected to arrange a valid configuration, leading to a topologically sound partition of the space into piece-wise linear cells. Our approach does not require the exact coordinates of intersection points to calculate the resulting complex. We represent any intersection point as an unevaluated combination of input vertices. We then extend the recently introduced concept of indirect predicates [Attene 2020] to define all the necessary geometric tests that, by construction, are both exact and efficient since they fully exploit the floating-point hardware. This design makes our method robust and guaranteed correct, while being virtually as fast as non-robust floating-point based implementations. Compared with existing robust methods, our algorithm offers a number of advantages: it is much faster, has a better memory layout, scales well on extremely challenging models, and allows fully exploiting modern multi-core hardware with a parallel implementation. We thoroughly tested our method on thousands of meshes, concluding that it consistently outperforms prior art. We also demonstrate its usefulness in various applications, such as computing efficient mesh booleans, Minkowski sums, and volume meshes.
Impact Analysis of Network Layer Attacks in Real-Time Wireless Sensor Network Testbed

With the rapid increase in the demand for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. The intrusive activities are also raised. To save these networks from the intruders it is required to understand the implications of any malicious act. Most of the researchers have utilized simulated software to understand the impact of such intrusions, however, real network conditions vary from the simulated environment. Therefore, the current work focuses on analyzing the impact of network layer attacks in real-time WSN testbed. The contributions of this work are threefold. Firstly, it presents the deployment of a real-time experimental testbed using standardized sensor devices in a multi-hop topological arrangement. Secondly, it provides the implementation details of seven network layer attacks: Blackhole (BH), Dropping Node (DN), Drop Route Request (DRREQ), Drop Route Reply (DRREP), Drop Route Error (DRERR), Grayhole (GH) and Sinkhole (SH) in a single testbed. Finally, the testbed performance with and without each attack is monitored and compared in terms of network performance metrics to understand the attacks’ impact. This work will be helpful for the research community for proposing efficient attack detection and prevention solutions for these networks.
Intelligent and Scalable IoT Edge-Cloud System

Scalability is an utter compulsory for the success of the IoT’s unprecedentedly growing network. The operational and financial bottlenecks allied with growth can be overwhelming for those peeping to integrate IoT solutions. As the IoT technology proceeds, so is the scale of operations desired to arrive at a wider target region. Breakdown may take place not because of device’s ability to scale, but due to data scale. As more devices are being incorporated, more data/information will be amassed, stored, processed, and scrutinized. The volume of this collection simply cannot be managed from a single edge device by deploying vertical approach. When starting small, it’s important to peep into the future and anticipate growth. Companies that can’t adapt to unpredictable market changes will fold without the right IoT architecture in place. Therefore, a scalable IOT framework has been proposed in the paper, which will provide load balancing or scalability by deploying the provisions of horizontal scalability for the system. The framework will be utilizing SOM for the purpose of classifying applications (whether delay sensitive or delay insensitive), so that proper decisions can be made based on the incoming data (typically signals) and if edge gets over flooded with the data, then edge is scaled to instigate the other edge for computing additional requests . The proposed system is termed as intelligent because its algorithm empowers the edge to take decision and classify applications based on the type of requirement of the application.
DECONTAMINATION OF AFLATOXINS WITH A FOCUS ON AFLATOXIN B1 BY PROBIOTIC BACTERIA AND YEASTS: A REVIEW

Food and feed contamination by aflatoxins represents a great challenge for human and animal health. Aflatoxins detoxification using probiotic bacteria and yeasts has been introduced as an inexpensive and promising method. This article is organized with an overview of the potential application of probiotic bacteria and yeasts to eliminate, inactivate or reduce the bioavailability of aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B1, in vitro and in vivo. Also, a fast glance to beneficial health effects and preservative properties of probiotics followed by the mechanism of binding of aflatoxins by probiotics, influence of different probiotic pretreatments, and the stability of aflatoxin-probiotic complexes are mentioned.
First Term Handout B : Linear Algebra Cheat Sheet

where aij ∈ R for i = 1, . ,m and j = 1, . , n. A row vector is a matrix with m = 1, and a column vector is a matrix with n = 1. The word vector will always mean a column vector unless otherwise stated. The set of all n–dimensional real vectors is denoted by Rn, and an element x ∈ Rn can be written as x = (x1, . . . , xn). Note that we still view x = (x1, . . . , xn) as a column vector, even though typographically it does not appear so. The reason for such a notation is simply to save space. Now, given an m× n matrix A of the form (1), its transpose AT is defined as the following n×m matrix:
Design and Validation of a Modified Compression-After-Impact Testing Device for Thin-Walled Composite Plates

Thin-walled fibre reinforced composites like carbon fibre reinforced plastics are very susceptible to strength reductions due to low-velocity impact damages. In aerospace engineering, the dominating failure mechanisms of impact damaged composite structures are usually investigated based on the compression after impact (CAI) test procedure. This enables the determination of the influence of impact damages on the static residual compressive strength. CAI testing procedures are typically applicable to composite plates with thicknesses larger than 3–4 mm. If thinner panels are used, they typically fail near one of the loaded edges of the CAI device, in particular the area of the free edge (which is needed for compressing the panel) and not within the free measuring area. As a consequence, the investigated samples cannot be used as valid tests for the evaluation of the residual strength in CAI testing. In order to enable an investigation of the residual strength of thin-walled plates in CAI testing, a CAI testing device is developed based on an available CAI fixture and a standardized one. For comparability reasons, this new device exhibits the same dimensions as standardized fixtures. It shows a significant improvement with respect to standardized devices concerning the measurement of mechanical behaviour during CAI testing.
Privacy Preserving Anti-Collision Information Scheme for Dynamic in the Cloud

Sharing group resource number of cloud users is a major problem so cloud computing provides low cost and efficient solution. Due to frequent change of membership sharing data in a multi-owner manner to an untrusted cloud is still a challenging models. The sharing of data in group members to split data and also provides security from untrusted users by providing security from entrusted users. It will also grants take data from the cloud to group members.
EVIDENCE OF GEODYNAMIC TORSION IN THE VRANCEA ZONE (EASTERN CARPATHIANS)

DUMITRU STĂNICĂ, MARIA STĂNICĂ, LUIGI PICCARDI, EMANUELE TONDI, GIUSEPPE CELLO “Sabba S. Ştefănescu” Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy, 19-21 Jean-Louis Calderon St, Bucharest 37, 020032, Romania C.N. R. – Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Via la Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy 3Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
Backside Illuminated Image Sensors manufactured with Gradated Double Epitaxial Layers : an Application to a High-speed High-sensitivity Image Sensor

A new technology is presented to manufacture functionable backside illuminated image sensors. The sensors are made by a process using wafers with thick n and p double epitaxial layers with gradated concentration profiles. Technical problems associated with the process are listed up. Their countermeasures were proposed and tested. The technology was applied to develop an ultra-high-speed and ultra-high-sensitive image sensor. A chip for fundamental test of the image sensor has been manufactured and evaluated. The maximum frame rate of the test chip is 250 kfps for the pixel count of 489x400 pixels and the dynamic range of 10 bits. An image with the signal level of 4.9ecan be detected on the noise floor of 7.7e-.
Hydrology of the Driftless Area

1. The abundant supply of cold water in Driftless Area streams is due to high rates of groundwater recharge. 2. Groundwater recharge rates are highest on the steep hillsides, which receive runoff from the hilltop areas in addition to direct precipitation. 3. Many headwater streams in the Driftless Area have unusually high baseflows as a result of the high recharge rates and the presence of horizontal bedrock layers that are relatively impermeable and divert groundwater to springs. 4. Poor agricultural practices in the first half of the twentieth century resulted in severe runoff and soil erosion, massive sediment deposition on the floodplains, and large increases in peak flows at the expense of baseflows. 5. The adoption of soil conservation practices in the later half of the twentieth century resulted in increased infiltration, a decrease in peak flows, and an increase in baseflows. 6. Future increases in air temperatures due to increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases will gradually increase stream water temperatures, although the impact will be somewhat buffered by the large amount of spring flow to the stream.
A Probabilistic Mining Method for Finding Association Rules

A data mining algorithm based on the adjusted residual in Statistics is proposed to find interesting itemsets and association rules from transactions. Some heuristics are proposed to reduce the calculation and search complexity of the derivation process. The proposed algorithm first detects the relevant item value patterns. These patterns are then combined and simplified by heuristics, and are finally converted into a set of rules.
Study on Fatty Acid Compostion and Nutrition Health Protection Function of the Oiltea Camellia Seed Oil

Oiltea camellia seed oil has very high value of nutrition and health protection function, because there are many unsaturated fatty acids. The article introduced the compostion, inherit disciplinarian of fatty acid and the nutrition health protection function in the oilea camellia seed oil, and summed up application prospects of the oiltea camellia seed oil.