Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentando las bases de la política macro macroprudencial:: de las falencias pre-lehman a los desafíos pos-lehman

Este articulo explora los desafios de la politica macroprudencial. Primero, examina interpretaciones alternativas de la arquitectura regulatoria pre-Lehman e identifica sus falencias, preanunciando asi las direcciones por las que debe transitar la agenda de reforma. Luego, argumenta que la volatilidad agregada es el factor clave que separa el mundo macroprudencial del icroprudencial y establece cuatro motivaciones esencialmente ortogonales de la politica macroprudencial: i) contrarrestar el riesgo moral publico generado por la red de seguridad financiera; ii) alinear los incentivos agente-principal entre «ingenuos» y «sagaces» a lo largo del ciclo financiero; iii) inducir la internalizacion de externalidades negativas; y, iv) mitigar la exuberancia o el panico irracional de los mercados. Cada moti- vacion pone el acento sobre distintos tipos de regulacion. Subsecuentemente, el articulo evalua el progreso hecho hasta ahora en la agenda de la politica macroprudencial y ex- plora las implicaciones de su multidimensionalidad, incluyendo los problemas de identificacion (? que fricciones y fallas dominan las dinamicas de acumulacion de riesgo sistemico? ) y los conflictos de objetivos (regulaciones que mitigan problemas de riesgo moral tienden a fortalecer la disciplina de mercado, pero pueden exacerbar problemas de accion y de cognicion colectivas). Finalmente, discute dos enfoques tipologicos para el diseno de la politica macroprudencial.
High Frequency Carbon Nanostructures that Smell, Weight, Harvest and Handle

In this paper we present the state-of-the art of high frequency carbon nanostructure devices dedicated to sense, harvest and handle. However, we do not restrain our analysis only to high frequency applications, but provide a general overview of carbon nanostructures that sense various parameters, harvest or handle electric or electromagnetic energy, all these properties conferring them the status of smart materials. Numerous applications based on these smart materials are envisaged, but some of them are especially scrutinized in this paper, e.g. biological applications, wireless applications, and energy harvesting and generation.
Generating all Maximal Independent Sets: NP-Hardness and Polynomial-Time Algorithms

Suppose that an independence system $(E,\mathcal {I})$ is characterized by a subroutine which indicates in unit time whether or not a given subset of E is independent. It is shown that there is no algorithm for generating all the K maximal independent sets of such an independence system in time polynomial in $|E|$ and K, unless $\mathcal {P} = \mathcal {NP}$. However, it is possible to apply ideas of Paull and Unger and of Tsukiyama et al. to obtain polynomial-time algorithms for a number of special cases, e.g. the efficient generation of all maximal feasible solutions to a knapsack problem. The algorithmic techniques bear an interesting relationship with those of Read for the enumeration of graphs and other combinatorial configurations.
Ultra-wideband variable signal generator using series shunt switch

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies are at the forefront of wireless communications, offering the possibility to provide extremely high data rate wireless solutions. This paper works on the UWB variable signal generator that is capable of fast switching between different center frequencies. The target switching time is 4ns and the three center frequencies at the lower band are selected, which are 3.35 GHz, 3.85 GHz and 4.35 GHz. The structure of our variable signal generator is based on the topology of active oscillators. By using a switching network, the different frequencies from different local oscillators are switched within 4ns. In this project, a basic NMOS switch is studied and the weaknesses are justified. A new topology of NMOS switch based on series-shunt configuration is proposed so that it is able to pass the signal from oscillators to output without transition spike. Three oscillators operating at targeted center frequencies are designed based on cross-coupled LC topology. The problems and issues after the integration of switches and oscillators are identified and solved. A modified switch is developed specially for solving the loading effect design issue. By optimizing the transistor size for switch and other design parameters in oscillator, it is possible to generate the signal at desired frequency and amplitude without transition noise. The performance of our variable signal generator is estimated through simulation with a target technology of Silterra 0.18 mum CMOS at a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The simulation results indicate that our variable signal generator is able to produce a signal with three center frequencies, i.e. 3.35 GHz, 3.85 GHz and 4.35 GHz at 400 mV peak-to-peak swing within every 4ns.
Comparison of static postural balance between healthy subjects and those with low back pain

Objective To compare the static postural balance between women suffering from chronic low back pain and healthy subjects, by moving the center of pressure. Methods The study included 15 women with low back pain (LBP group) and 15 healthy women (healthy group). They were instructed to remain in standing on the force platform for 30 seconds. We analyzed the area and the speed of displacement of center of pressure of both groups. Data analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, with significance of 5%. Results Individuals with chronic low back pain showed a larger area of displacement of the center of pressure relative to the healthy ones but there was no significant difference in the speed of displacement of the center of pressure. Conclusion Individuals with chronic low back pain had alterations in static balance with respect to healthy ones. Level of Evidence III, Prognostic Studies.
Structural Compliance, Misfit Strain and Stripe Nanostructures in Cuprate Superconductors

Structural compliance is the ability of a crystal structure to accommodate variations in local atomic bond-lengths without incurring large strain energies. We show that the structural compliance of cuprates is relatively small, so that short, highly doped, Cu-O-Cu bonds in stripes are subject to a tensile misfit strain. We develop a model to describe the effect of misfit strain on charge ordering in the copper oxygen planes of oxide materials and illustrate some of the low energy stripe nanostructures that can result.
Tourists and Religion at Temple Square and Mission San Juan Capistrano

A comparative investigation of Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Mission San Juan Capistrano in southern California explores experience, authenticity, and authority at religious places that are also sites of intense tourist activity. This study of the Mormon holy site and the former Catholic mission established during the Spanish colonial era includes a contemplation of their respective strategies of allurement, proselytization efforts, economic exchange on the sites, efforts at preservation and restoration, ownership and control of these places, and official interpretations of their histories and meanings. The A. concludes by noting how the claims and counterclaims made at hybrid places of religion and tourism rely on the authority of experiences regarded as authentic.
Genotypic and Environmental Effects on Flight Activity and Oviposition in the Glanville Fritillary Butterfly

Adverse environmental conditions constrain active flight and thereby limit reproduction in most insects. Butterflies have evolved various adaptations in order to thermoregulate, allowing females to search for nectar and to oviposit under unfavorable thermal conditions. We studied experimentally and with observational data the effect of low ambient temperatures experienced in the morning on the timing of oviposition and clutch size in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). Comparisons were made between individuals with different forms of the gene Pgi, encoding the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase, since naturally segregating variation at Pgi is known to be correlated with flight metabolic rate, flight performance, and fecundity. Experiencing low temperature in the morning delayed the initiation of oviposition and decreased clutch size. We used a thermal image camera to measure the thoracic surface temperature of butterflies immediately after voluntary flight. Single nucleotide polymorphism at Pgi was associated with thoracic temperature at low ambient temperatures. This has consequences for reproduction because females that are able to fly at lower ambient temperatures generally initiate oviposition earlier in the afternoon, when the environmental conditions are most favorable and the average egg clutch size is generally largest. These results suggest that variation in physiological and molecular capacity to sustain active flight at low ambient temperature has significant fitness‐related consequences in insects.
Structural basis for the multiple interactions of the MyD88 TIR domain in TLR4 signaling

Myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal) are adaptor molecules critically involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling pathway. While Mal has been proposed to serve as a membrane-sorting adaptor, MyD88 mediates signal transduction from activated TLR4 to downstream components. The Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of MyD88 is responsible for sorting and signaling via direct or indirect TIR−TIR interactions between Mal and TLR4. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in multiple interactions of the TIR domain remain unclear. The present study describes the solution structure of the MyD88 TIR domain. Reporter gene assays revealed that 3 discrete surface sites in the TIR domain of MyD88 are important for TLR4 signaling. Two of these sites were shown to mediate direct binding to the TIR domain of Mal. Interestingly, Mal-TIR, but not MyD88-TIR, directly binds to the cytosolic TIR domain of TLR4. These observations suggested that the heteromeric assembly of TIR domains of the receptor and adaptors constitutes the initial step of TLR4 intracellular signal transduction.
The Test-Retest Reliability and Pilot Testing of the “ New Technology and Nursing Students ’ Learning Styles ” Questionnaire

Background: The majority of today’s nursing students belong to the “Net Generation” or the so – called “Millennials”. Born from 1982–2001, millennials have been described as technologically literate. Because of this, many scientists claim that millennials have different preferences and style of learning and thus many challenges have been posed to the educational institutes. Aim: To estimate the validity and reliability of an assessment tool designed to identify the undergraduate nursing students’ digital literacy as well as their learning preferences. Methodology: A pilot study with 136 participants was conducted in order to estimate the reliability and validity of the survey instrument. The questionnaire was designed after a thorough literature review and taking into account several variables. The variables were separated into two modules. The first deals with the competence on new technology and the second one with the students’ learning preferences. Students of three tertiary nursing institutes were invited to participate in an online survey through an email invitation. The assessment of reliability of the survey instrument was performed using test retest methodology. Results: Results from the reliability analysis revealed that the scales had good internal consistency. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from a low of 0.60 to a high of 0.84. Results indicated that seven of ten scales had Cronbach’s alphas that exceeded the test value of 0.70. The Intraclass correlation coefficient produced high reliability with the lower score being 0.55 (p=0.01) and the upper 0.98(p<0.001). Conclusions: The “New Technology and nursing students’ Learning Styles” is a literature based, researcher developed instrument that assesses students’ learning styles in relation to emerging technologies. Although results from the pilot study revealed that the initial version of the questionnaire collected reliable data, there was some room for improving it.
Unchanged survival of gastric cancer in the southeastern netherlands since 1982: Result of differential trends in incidence according to laurén type and subsite

Despite widespread use of endoscopy and improved surgical treatment, the prognosis for gastric cancer remains poor. Although the incidence has been declining for more than 2 decades, unfavourable changes in relative frequency of histological subtypes and subsites may have occurred. We therefore assessed the nature and impact of these changes in association with socio‐economic status in a population‐based study during the period 1983–1995. Furthermore, tumour characteristics were analysed as predictors of survival for 1,543 cases recorded in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry during the period 1983–1992. Overall 5‐year relative survival remained at 22%, being 70%, 37% and 11% for stage I, II and III, respectively. The Laurén histological type and location were also found to have prognostic value. Tumours with the worst prognosis (diffuse type and located at the cardia) developed predominantly in younger patients and were increasing. Moreover, unlike for other tumours, high educational status was associated with unfavourable prognosis. Stage at diagnosis and survival have remained unchanged, despite likely improvements in early detection through better access to endoscopy and better supportive care after surgical treatment. The unfavourable, in part relative, changes in incidence are likely to be responsible for the lack of improvement of survival rates. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:28–32, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Situación de los anfibios de Costa Rica

Los anfibios se encuentran en una situacion de conservacion con muchos problemas y Costa Rica no esta exenta. De las 192 especies conocidas para el pais, por lo menos cuatro especies de ranas y sapos se consideran extintas y otras ocho posiblemente lo estan. Aunque en las salamandras no hay ejemplos de extincion, son un grupo con mas problemas de conservacion que las ranas y los sapos, de los cecilios no se tiene buena informacion. Ademas de estas extinciones, muchas otras especies sufrieron disminucion de sus poblaciones, pero es notorio que algunas de estas especies se estan recuperando.
Thoracodorsal or internal mammary recipient vessels for microvascular breast reconstruction?

Personal experiences, formative training, persuasion by the published and presented results of others, simple intuition; these and several other factors influence one’s preferences for how to approach an operation or any other clinical decision. Other influences include fashion and evidence, both of which evolve continually and occasionally even cyclically. Hence, age-old controversies in plastic surgery are worth revisiting every few years, not only for the specialty but also for young surgeons solidifying their decisions for how they will run their practices and established surgeons seeking ways to improve their outcomes. One such controversy lies in the ideal choice of recipient vessels for microsurgical breast reconstruction. This usually boils down to thoracodorsal versus internal mammary vessels. Why is this choice important? Because, according to how one interprets the literature—either through experience, dogma, or hard fact—this choice might (or might not) affect a number of outcomes, namely duration of surgery, flap survival, breast esthetics, scar placement, incidence of lymphedema, operator comfort, options for (and incidence of) secondary salvage surgery, lifeboat options when faced with anastomotic problems, postoperative recovery, assistance and training, recipient site morbidity, and so on. Most of these variables are of the sort that one would want maximal control over and, in turn, optimize the chances for one’s patients (and one’s self) to be delighted with their breast reconstructions. The current consensus appears to support the internal mammary vessels as the more popular choice. Previously, the thoracodorsal vessels were preferred. Lest, there be a risk of dogma setting in, we have invited 3 respected microsurgeons with expertise in microsurgical breast reconstruction to present their different reasons for their first choice recipient vessels. Given the current tendency for preference of the internal mammary vessels, 1 article argues for these, whereas the other 2 challenge instead for the thoracodorsal vessels. We hope this will provoke debate among the readership as the advantages and disadvantages of each option are presented, argued, and counter-argued for various scenarios. Helpfully, the authors provide many technical tips that have aided their success in using their preferred vessels. It is often said that 10,000 hours worth of deliberate practice is necessary to gain expertise in any given domain. Hopefully, collections of articles such as this might help reduce such requirements a little for young plastic surgeons by encouraging each to consider their stance actively regarding controversial choices, as they embark on independent practice. Ultimately, however, as succinctly put by the late Dr W. W. Shaw when commenting on this same controversy almost 15 years ago, “it is always nice to have more choices, be it recipient vessels or the length of skirts. ” The question is, of course, which is the better choice for one’s self.
The effects of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) pretreatment on the resistance of the heart to myocardial injury

Abstract Context: The antihyperlipidemic, antiarrhythmic, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) have been reported. However, no study has examined its effects on the resistance of the heart to stressful conditions. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of M. officinalis aerial parts on Wistar rat heart with/without cardiac injury. Materials and methods: Animals were grouped as control, isoproterenol (ISO), M. officinalis without (M50, M100, and M200) and with isoproterenol (M50 + ISO, M100 + ISO, and M200 + ISO). The aqueous extract of M. officinalis was orally administered at dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/d, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. On the 6th and 7th day, ISO, M50 + ISO, M100 + ISO, and M200 + ISO groups received 85 mg/kg of isoproterenol for myocardial injury induction. On day 8, hemodynamic parameters were recorded and samplings were done. Results: The extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the heart rate (264 ± 5, 259 ± 5 and 281 ± 3 versus 377 ± 13 in control group, p < 0.01). Blood pressure was significantly decreased in M50 + ISO (75 ± 5) versus M50 (110 ± 6) and M100 + ISO (72 ± 6) versus M100 (105 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.01). The malondialdehyde levels of the injured hearts were lower in M50 + ISO and M100 + ISO groups than in the ISO group (p < 0.05). Serum cardiac troponin I was higher in the M200 + ISO group (5.1 ± 1.7) than in the ISO group (2.7 ± 0.7 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The lower dose of extract, by improving the balance of the redox system and by reducing the heart rate, may increase the heart resistance to injury. However, the higher doses of extract may intensify the injury of ischemic heart.
Clot volume and clearance rate as independent predictors of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECT This study was conducted for two purposes. The first was to determine whether a combination of measurements of subarachnoid clot volume, clearance rate, and density could improve prediction of which patients experience vasospasm. The second was to determine if each of these three measures could be used independently to predict vasospasm. METHODS Digital files of the cranial computerized tomography (CT) scans obtained in 75 consecutive patients admitted within 24 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were analyzed in a blinded fashion by an observer who used quantitative imaging software to measure the volume of SAH and its density. Clot clearance rates were measured by quantifying SAH volume on subsequent CT scans. Vasospasm was defined as new onset of a focal neurological deficit or altered consciousness 5 to 12 days after SAH in the absence of other causes of deterioration, diagnosed with the aid of or exclusively by confirmatory transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and/or cerebral angiography. Univariate analysis showed that vasospasm was significantly associated with the SAH grade as classified on the Fisher scale, the initial clot volume, initial clot density, and percentage of clot cleared per day (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, initial clot volume and percentage of clot cleared per day were significant predictors of vasospasm (p < 0.05), whereas Fisher grade and initial clot density were not. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative analysis of subarachnoid clot shows that vasospasm is best predicted by initial subarachnoid clot volume and the percentage of clot cleared per day.
HIIT vs moderate intensity endurance training: impact on aerobic parameters in young adult men

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training such as Billat 30s-30s training (HIIT) vs moderate intensity endurance training (CT+HIIT) on aerobic parameters in young adults men. The study involved 40 young adults men (20,15±0,56 years) who were randomly divided into the two training groups: Billat 30s working at 100% of vVO2max and 30s recovery of 50% of vVO2max (HIIT; N=20); and the moderate intensity endurance training (CT+HIIT; N=20). The training programs have lasted 4 weeks, three times per week. The measurement was carried out at two time points at Cosmed treadmill (model T 150) gas analysers (Quark b2) breath-by-breath method. Participants were tested for each of the following parameters: relative maximum oxygen consumption (rVO2max); absolute maximum oxygen consumption (aVO2max); minimum speed that athletes run when they reach VO2max (vVO2) and maximum heart rate (HRmax). To determine difference between effect of trainings, we used a Mixed factorial analysis of variance. Results indicated there was effect from time in rVO2max, aVO2max and vVO2max (p<0,05) and effect from group in variable vVO2max (p<0,05). There was a significant effect interaction group x time in rVO2max and vVO2max. In conclusion HIIT and CT+HIIT both elicit significant improvements in the aerobic parameters after 4 weeks. However, HIIT was more effective for improving rVO2max and vVO2max than CT+HIIT in healthy, young adults.
Rheumatic heart disease in India

A cross-sectional study was carried out in rural areas of Jawan Block, District Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, covering a total population of 3760 drawn from 11 villages. The total number of confirmed cases of rheumatic heart disease was 24 with a prevalence rate of 6.4 per 1000 of the general rural population. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease increased with age until the age of 25 years. Females were more prone to rheumatic heart disease compared to males. Socio-economic class had a direct impact on the occurrence of rheumatic heart disease.