Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repression of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor α1 Polypeptide Biosynthesis Requires Chronic Agonist Exposure*

Although it is well established that the number of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors declines in cortical neurons exposed to GABAAreceptor agonists, the mechanisms responsible for this use-dependent down-regulation remain unclear. Two hypotheses have been proposed: (i) agonist-evoked sequestration and degradation of surface GABAA receptors and (ii) repression of receptor subunit biosynthesis. We have addressed this problem using [35S]Met/Cys pulse-chase labeling of chick cortical neurons in culture and immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with an antibody (RP4) directed against a GABAA receptor α1-(331–381) fusion protein. Exposure of the cells to GABA or isoguvacine for 2 h to 4 days had no effect on the initial rate of35S incorporation into the GABAA receptor 51-kDa α1 polypeptide, but this rate declined by 33% after a 7-day treatment. This is consistent with a previous report (Baumgartner, B. J., Harvey, R. J., Darlison, M. G., and Barnes, E. M. (1994) Mol. Brain Res. 26, 9–17) that a 7-day GABA treatment of this preparation produced a 45% reduction in the α1 subunit mRNA level, while a 4-day exposure had no detectable effect. On the other hand, after a 4-day exposure to these agonists, a 30% reduction in the level of the α1 polypeptide was observed on immunoblots, similar to that found previously for down-regulation of GABAA receptor ligand-binding sites. Thus, the de novo synthesis of GABAA receptor α1 subunits is subject to a delayed use-dependent repression that was observed after, rather than before, the decline in neuronal levels of the polypeptide. Pulse-chase experiments showed a monophasic degradation of the GABAA receptor 35S-α1 subunit with at½ = 7.7 h, a process that was unaffected by the addition of GABA to neurons during the chase period. These nascent35S-labeled polypeptides are presumably diluted into the neuronal pool of unlabeled unassembled α1 subunits, which was found to exceed by a 4:1 molar ratio the amount assembled into [3H]flunitrazepam binding sites. Thus, the data reveal an alternative scheme for degradation of GABAA receptor polypeptides: a pathway that may participate in the agonist-independent degradation of unassembled receptor subunits. This differs from another pathway for the agonist-dependent degradation of mature GABAA receptors derived from the neuronal surface (Calkin, P. A., and Barnes, E. M., Jr. (1994) J. Biol. Chem.269, 1548–1553).
The effects of high-concentrate diets and pasture on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in beef muscle and subcutaneous fat

In view of the evidence indicating several potential benefits of high intakes of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on human health, an experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the diet of beef cattle on the total CLA concentration in muscle and subcutaneous fat. High-concentrate [steers consumed 515 g concentrates and 485 g grass silage kg−1 dry matter (DM) for 8 weeks followed by 887 g concentrates and 113 g grass silage kg−1 DM for 14 weeks until slaughter] and high-forage (steers consumed 803 g grass silage and 197 g concentrates kg−1 for 8 weeks followed by grass silage only for 10 weeks and then grazed perennial ryegrass-based pasture for 23 weeks until slaughter) treatments were imposed on 48 steers, which were crosses of continental beef breeds (initially 414 kg live weight) The concentrates were based on barley, extracted soyabean meal, molassed sugarbeet pulp and maize meal. The silages were of medium to low digestibility and contained 117–137 g crude protein kg−1 DM and 83–158 g ammonia-N kg−1 total N. The pasture was of high quality and contained 168 g crude protein, 234 g acid-detergent fibre and 222 g water-soluble carbohydrate kg−1 DM. Samples of muscle were taken post slaughter from the m. semimembranosus, m. gluteobiceps, m. longissimus and m. deltoideous muscles, and subcutaneous fat was taken from over the m. longissimus. Concentrations of total CLA in the tissues were for the high-concentrate and high-forage treatments, respectively (mg 100 g−1 fresh tissue), m. gluteobiceps 18 and 47 (s.e. 3·5); m. semimembranosus 9 and 20 (s.e. 1·6); m. longissimus 15 and 35 (s.e. 3·2), m. deltoideous 20 and 59 (s.e. 4·3); subcutaneous fat 584 and 1975 (s.e. 138·7). It is concluded that muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue from grass-fed cattle contained three times as much CLA as those from concentrate-fed cattle, and that the consumption of beef from grass-fed cattle should be effective in increasing the intake of CLA by humans.
Transgenic growth hormone mice exposed to lifetime constant illumination: gender-specific effects

Photoperiod affects most of the features altered in transgenic growth hormone (TG) mice, and laboratory rats and mice retain some sensitivity to photoperiod. We examined growth, feeding, longevity, and reproduction of TG mice and normal control mice (Mus musculus L., 1758) in 12 h light : 12 h dark (LD) and 24 h light (LL) photoperiods. Sexual dichotomy in growth and hepatic gene expression are considered to require gender-specific patterns of growth hormone secretion that are absent in TG mice. Regardless, in the LD photoperiod mature TG females were 82.8% (46.8 g) of the mass of TG males (56.5 g, p < 0.05), whereas control mice showed no size dichotomy (≈33 g). Mature masses of TG males and of control mice of either gender were unaffected by the LL photoperiod. TG females, however, reached a mature mass 92% (50.9 g) of that of mature TG males in the LL photoperiod, attenuating the sexual size dichotomy expressed in the LD photoperiod. Growth of females was slower than that of males, even in the control .
EFFECTS OF FAT LEVEL AND SOURCE ON THE CHEMICAL, SENSORY AND COOKING PROPERTIES OF GROUND BEEF PATTIES

Ground beef patties were prepared from varying fat sources to final raw fat contents of 16, 20, 24, and 28%. Trained sensory panelists evaluated each treatment for differences in tenderness, juiciness, connective tissue amount, mouth coating effect, and ground beef flavor intensity. Other patty characteristics examined included raw and cooked fat and moisture, cooking losses, Instron shear force, and total and percentage of soluble collagen. Generally, increasing fat levels in formulations resulted in higher tenderness and juiciness scores and ratings indicative of lower connective tissue amount. Neither collagen content nor total cooking loss was significantly affected by fat level. Sensory ratings and cooking properties were not significantly affected by fat source.
Towards improving the drought tolerance of rice in China

Drought tolerance (DT) is a very complex trait. For the purpose of developing DT rice cultivars, a research programme was initiated in 1997 in China, consisting of four coherent parts: the development of a DT field screen facility and evaluation standard; the collection, evaluation and enhancement of DT rice resources; DT gene/quantitative trait locus (QTL) discovery; and DT rice breeding. More than 2000 rice accessions, mostly from China, were collected and evaluated in a new DT screening facility with a powerful water management system. Eighty-six entries were selected to serve as a core DT collection. A set of 187 recombinant inbred lines was developed for the genetic mapping of DT and high yield-related QTL under drought conditions. Several DT rice cultivars adapted to southern and central China were released. DT rice CMS lines were developed and distributed to most parts of China to encourage the development of DT or water-saving hybrid rice.
Antarctica and the detection of environmental change

Antarctica plays a critical role in global change because major interactions in this region between the atmosphere, ice, oceans, and biota affect the entire global system through feedbacks, dynamic biogeochemical cycles, deep ocean circulation, atmospheric transport of energy and pollutants, and changes in mass balance. Antarctica is also sensitive to global change and is a key area for detecting and monitoring environmental change. The parameters to be monitored in Antarctica, the deficiencies in the present measurements, and future methods and techniques were listed by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) as part of an overall global change research strategy for Antarctica and are summarized in this paper.
Electrical response in poled (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.935Ba0.065TiO3 ceramics

Abstract A ferroelectric material (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.935Ba0. 065TiO3 (BNBT) with a perovskite structure was poled and characterized by electrical impedance spectroscopy as a function of temperature, X-ray diffraction, and Rietveld refinement. The ac conductivity showed a low-frequency dispersion, supporting the idea of heterogeneous potential wells favored by Bi3+, Na+, and Ba2+ on the A site of the perovskite type of structure. The activation energies for ac conduction depende on the studied frequency. The permittivity and electrical modulus showed a distribution of the relaxation time associated with the delay in the orientation of the dipoles and an important contribution to the short-range conductivity.
Ellipticity control of high-order harmonic generation with nearly orthogonal two-color laser fields

Elliptically polarized high-order harmonics opens a path toward the study of ultrafast dynamics in circular dichroism of magnetic materials, chiral molecules, and electronic spin motion. Recently, efficient high-order harmonic generation with controllable ellipticity has attracted considerable attention in experiment and theory. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scenario using cross-linearly-polarized two-color fields consisting of a fundamental field and its second harmonic (SH). Through adjusting the relative phase, crossing angle, and intensity ratio of the cross-linearly-polarized two-color field, we obtain ellipticity-tunable high-order harmonics, with ellipticity up to $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}=0.73$. Meanwhile, the elliptically polarized high-order harmonics preserve high efficiency. Furthermore, when the intensity of the SH field is stronger than that of the fundamental field, the even order harmonics will become several times stronger than the odd order harmonics with opposite helicity.
Comparison of root water uptake models in simulating CO2 and H2O fluxes and growth of wheat

Abstract. Stomatal regulation and whole plant hydraulic signaling affect water fluxes and stress in plants. Land surface models and crop models use a coupled photosynthesis–stomatal conductance modeling approach. Those models estimate the effect of soil water stress on stomatal conductance directly from soil water content or soil hydraulic potential without explicit representation of hydraulic signals between the soil and stomata. In order to explicitly represent stomatal regulation by soil water status as a function of the hydraulic signal and its relation to the whole plant hydraulic conductance, we coupled the crop model LINTULCC2 and the root growth model SLIMROOT with Couvreur's root water uptake model (RWU) and the HILLFLOW soil water balance model. Since plant hydraulic conductance depends on the plant development, this model coupling represents a two-way coupling between growth and plant hydraulics. To evaluate the advantage of considering plant hydraulic conductance and hydraulic signaling, we compared the performance of this newly coupled model with another commonly used approach that relates root water uptake and plant stress directly to the root zone water hydraulic potential (HILLFLOW with Feddes' RWU model). Simulations were compared with gas flux measurements and crop growth data from a wheat crop grown under three water supply regimes (sheltered, rainfed, and irrigated) and two soil types (stony and silty) in western Germany in 2016. The two models showed a relatively similar performance in the simulation of dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), root growth, RWU, gross assimilation rate, and soil water content. The Feddes model predicts more stress and less growth in the silty soil than in the stony soil, which is opposite to the observed growth. The Couvreur model better represents the difference in growth between the two soils and the different treatments. The newly coupled model (HILLFLOW–Couvreur's RWU–SLIMROOT–LINTULCC2) was also able to simulate the dynamics and magnitude of whole plant hydraulic conductance over the growing season. This demonstrates the importance of two-way feedbacks between growth and root water uptake for predicting the crop response to different soil water conditions in different soils. Our results suggest that a better representation of the effects of soil characteristics on root growth is needed for reliable estimations of root hydraulic conductance and gas fluxes, particularly in heterogeneous fields. The newly coupled soil–plant model marks a promising approach but requires further testing for other scenarios regarding crops, soil, and climate.
Modeling of Business Intelligence Systems Using the Potential Determinants and Theories with the Lens of Individual, Technological, Organizational, and Environmental Contexts-A Systematic Literature Review

Race towards industry 4.0 increases the hyper competition and puts pressure on organizations to integrate the advanced technologies. Business intelligence system (BIS) is one of the top prioritized technologies that attracted the significant attention of policy-makers and industry experts due to its ability to provide more informed and intelligent knowledge for decision-making processes. It is evident by literature that organizations and industries are prone to integrate the BIS at large scale, but more than 70% BIS projects fail to give the expected results. Hence, it is pertinent to explore the significant determinants that influence the BIS adoption and acceptance in organizations. Although previous literature did not have any comprehensive review relevant to the individual, technological, organizational, and environmental determinants. Therefore, the current study tries to narrow this gap by a systematic literature review (SLR) of 84 studies that were published during the period of 2011–2020. A total of 93 determinants are identified based on content analysis by using text mining techniques of Yoshikoder and human coding skills. The identified determinants are ranked according to their frequency of use. A theoretical framework has been developed with potential determinants and theories. The study results will enrich the recent BIS literature and improve the understanding of practitioners’ decision-making processes to leverage maximum value from the adoption of BIS.
Coping Strategies Regarding Coastal Flooding Risk in a Context of Climate Change in a French Caribbean Island

Coastal flooding risks are becoming increasingly important because of the increasing vulnerability of coastal territories and the rise of ocean levels in relation to climate change. Studying the adaptation to these phenomena requires taking into account the coping strategies (problem-focused or emotional-focused coping) implemented by the inhabitants of the exposed territories. A theoretical model of situational and dispositional factors determining these strategies has been proposed and tested empirically with 583 inhabitants of the island of Guadeloupe, which is exposed to said coastal flooding risk. The fit index confirms the adequacy of the model. The results indicate that coastal flooding risk perception, difficulties to regulate emotions, and place attachment predict avoidance coping. Vigilant coping is only predicted by perceived action efficiency. The roles of duration of residence and distance from the sea have been highlighted.
Whether the CEO Turnover Can Improve the Conversion of Enterprise’s New and Old Driving Force?

After 2014, China focused on supply-side reform and put forward the concept of replacing old driving with new driving force, which can create a new round of economic improvement. From the perspective of the conversion of old and new driving forces of enterprises, this paper takes the listed enterprises in China’s a-share manufacturing industry from 2016 to 2018 as samples. This paper also discusses the “Net Effect” of CEO turnover on the conversion of new and old driving forces of enterprises. The results reflect that CEO turnover has a negative effect on the conversion of old and new driving force. Moving forward, when the CEO and chairman changes at the same time or the ownership of the enterprise turns to state-owned, the change of CEO has a higher degree of prevention on the conversion of old and new force. The number of board’s conferences and the degree of equity balance will increase the negative effect of CEO turnover on the conversion of old and new driving force.
Unpaired Many-to-Many Disjoint Path Covers on Bipartite k-Ary n-Cube Networks with Faulty Elements

The [Formula: see text]-ary [Formula: see text]-cube network is known as one of the most attractive interconnection networks for parallel and distributed systems. A many-to-many [Formula: see text]-disjoint path cover ([Formula: see text]-DPC for short) of a graph is a set of [Formula: see text] vertex-disjoint paths joining two disjoint vertex sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of equal size [Formula: see text] that altogether cover every vertex of the graph. The many-to-many [Formula: see text]-DPC is classified as paired if each source in [Formula: see text] is further required to be paired with a specific sink in [Formula: see text], or unpaired otherwise. In this paper, we consider the unpaired many-to-many [Formula: see text]-DPC problem of faulty bipartite [Formula: see text]-ary [Formula: see text]-cube networks [Formula: see text], where the sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are chosen in different parts of the bipartition. We show that, every bipartite [Formula: see text], under the condition that [Formula: see text] or less faulty edges are removed, has an unpaired many-to-many [Formula: see text]-DPC for any [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] subject to [Formula: see text]. The bound [Formula: see text] is tight here.
Level and nature of the resistance to the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), in thirteen winter wheat cultivars.

Thirteen winter wheat cultivars were tested under field and greenhouse conditions for resistance to the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.). Marked differences were recorded between cultivars in nonpreference (anti-xenosis), antibiosis and tolerance to aphids. Nonpreference was significantly (P 0.1) on artificially infested ears (criterion for cultivar antibiosis). Over all the cultivars, there was no correlation between nonpreference and tolerance and between antibiosis and tolerance to aphids. Five cultivars expressed high level of resistance to S. avenae. The high resistance of three cultivars was due to high nonpreference and antibiosis, and only in two cultivars all three mechanisms contributed to resistance. Zusammenfassung Starke und Art der Resistenz gegen Getreidelaus, Sitobion avenae (F.), bei 13 Winterweizenkultivaren 13 Winterweizenkultivare wurden unter Feldbedingungen und im Gewachshaus hinsichtlich ihrer Resistenz gegenuber der Getreidelaus (Si-tobion avenae [F.]) untersucht. Deutliche Differenzen wurden zwischen den Kultivaren hinsichtlich der Antixenosis, Antibiosis und der Toleranz gegenuber LaUsen gefunden. Ein Nichtbefall war signifikant (P 0.1) bei kunstlich infizierten Ahren (Kriterium fur Kultivarantibiosis) auftrat. Bei allen Kultivaren fand sich keine Korrelation zwischen dem Nichtbefall und der Toleranz und zwischen Antibiosis und Toleranz gegenuber Lausen. Funf Kultivare zeigten einen hohen Grad von Resistenz gegenuber S. avenae. Die hohe Resistenz von drei Kultivaren war eine Folge des hohen Nichtbefalls und der Antibiosis; nur in zwei Kultivaren waren alle drei Mechanismen an der Resistenz beteiligt.
Soil respiration, litter fall and productivity of tropical rain forest.

Since undisturbed equatorial rain forest is a climax community it should have a constant biomass per unit area. This implies a steady carbon cycle with a decomposition rate of organic matter equal to the primary production. If there is no appreciable consumption by direct grazing organic substances return to the soil mainly as litter fall, timber fall and dead roots. Their complete degradation by the soil fauna and flora results in a corresponding carbon dioxide evolution. The measurement of the rate of this soil respiration (Lundegardh 1924) should thus permit an indirect estimation of net primary productivity. Reliable productivity data are very scanty for tropical rain forest (Bray & Gorham 1964; Miller & Nielsen 1965; Rodin & Bazilevich 1967). Soil respiration measurements in tropical regions have been made in Africa by Birch & Friend (1956) and by Schulze (1967) in Costa Rica. No data are available for East Asian rain forests. Some preliminary observations are reported here which were made during a visit to Bogor and Tjibodas, Indonesia and Sarawak, North Borneo. The results are compared with available data for litter fall and productivity.
Relevance of nitrate and nitrite in dry-cured ham and their effects on aroma development

Potassium and sodium salts of nitrite (E 249 and E 250) and nitrate (E 251 and E 252) are authorised for use under certain levels in several foodstuffs such as non-heat-treated, cured and dried meat products, other cured meat products, canned meat products and bacon. The key point in the use of nitrate and nitrite as preservatives is to find a balance between ensuring the microbiological safety of the ham and keeping as low as possible the level of nitrosamines in the final product. Nitrites and nitrates are authorised as additives for dry-cured ham in the Directive 2006/52/EC of 5 July 2006 that modifies previous Council Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners. The effect of nitrate and its reduction to nitrite in controlling the lipid oxidation process during the ham ripening is very important for the development of the characteristic cured flavour. The main benefits and drawbacks of the use of nitrites and nitrates in dry-cured ham and how these levels may affect its flavour are discussed in this manuscript.
Demonstration of efficient beam-wave interaction for a MW-level 48 GHz gyroklystron amplifier

The development of high-frequency RF linear accelerators (linacs) requires the consideration of several technological challenges, such as electron bunch linearization. Presented in this paper is the design of the interaction circuit for a 48 GHz MW-level three-cavity gyroklystron amplifier, appropriate for application as a millimeter wave power source in a fourth harmonic linearizing system for an X-band linac. The output cavity is operated at the cylindrical TE0,2,1 mode, while the input and buncher cavities are operated at the TE0,1,1 mode. The interaction circuit has been designed using a combination of analytical calculations and particle-in-cell simulations. The optimized gyroklystron is shown, through simulation, to deliver an output power of up to 2.3 MW with a gain of 36 dB and an efficiency of 44% at 48 GHz, when driven by a 140 kV, 37 A electron beam.
Monosomic alien addition lines of rice: production, morphology, cytology, and breeding behavior

Interspecific hybrids between three breeding lines of Oryza sativa (2n = 24 = AA) and 18 accessions of O. officinalis (2n = 24 = CC) were obtained through an embryo-rescue technique. The crossabili.