Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Select Instruments Supporting R&D and Innovation by Industry

We present a theoretical framework which allows for the comparison of the effectiveness of tax measures, loans and funding, in supporting industry-oriented research. We estimate for each of the instruments the exact contribution required by a firm to decide on investing in R&D, given the costs and probability of success of the project, and the foreseen change in profit following successful implementation of the research results. We apply Prospect Theory to analyse the risk attitude of the firm. By comparing the contribution required, we identify the instrument which is most effective, and therefore preferred by a government. Our analysis indicates that there exists a critical value for the probability of success of the project for which the modality of the most effective instruments changes. For a probability of success smaller than the critical value, a tax measures offering support only in case of successful completion of the project is preferred. For a probability higher than the critical value, a loan is most effective. The value of the critical probability depends on the perception of risk and loss aversion of the firm involved in the research.
Trends and Expertise Exchange within Rapid Manufacturing in Europe

RTejournal - Forum fur Rapid Technologie, Vol. 7, Iss. 1 - Rapid Manufacturing (RM) umfasst den Begriff der direkten und wirtschaftlichen Bauteilherstellung des Serienprodukts aus 3D-Daten. Die Hauptvorteile sind u.a. das Wegfallen von Werkzeugen und eine Designfreiheit in der Produktentwicklung, die noch vor wenigen Jahren undenkbar war. Wenngleich heute eine Vielzahl von Werkstoffen im Kunststoff- und Metallbereich einsetzbar sind, konzentriert sich die Verbreitung des RM allerdings auf besondere Technologie- und Wirtschaftszweige, aufgrund mangelnder Erfahrungswerte, teilweise abweichender Werkstoffeigenschaften, fehlender Standards und ungeeigneter Testmethoden. In der Praxis sind Ingenieure und Techniker stark darauf bedacht, auf etablierte Ablaufe und Standards zuruckzugreifen. Es ist daher schwer einen geeigneten RM-Prozess aufzubauen, wo wichtige Eingangsgrosen meist unbekannt sind. In diesem Bericht wird beschrieben, welche Informationskanale es innerhalb Europas zum Thema RM gibt und welche Hochschulen und Forschungszentren Aktivitaten aufweisen. Daruber hinaus werden Anwendungsfelder des RM aufgefuhrt, die uber die bekannten Anwendungsfelder hinaus gehen. Dazu gehoren Anwendungen im Bereich der Elektrotechnik, Raumfahrtinstrumentation und der Mode. Obwohl nicht alle Anwendungen des RM in diesem Bericht aufgefuhrt werden, sind einige Schlusselinformationen im Bereich innovativer Anwendungen von RM enthalten.
The Warburg Effect and Its Role in Cancer Detection and Therapy

The Warburg Effect and Its Role in Cancer Discovery and Therapy Ethan Christ The Warburg Effect is a cellular phenomenon in cancer cells discovered by Otto Warburg in 1924. His findings showed that in normoxic conditions tumor cells primarily use glycolysis for energy production instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation like normal cells. This breakthrough has been the basis for much research. It has resulted in a successful and widely-used cancer detection method, the positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The PET scan uses radioactive isotopes and the fact that cancer cells exhibit higher rates of glycolysis to pinpoint tumors with advanced imaging tools. Furthermore, Warburg’s work helped to show the potential for beneficial pharmaceuticals that could be developed by inhibiting certain chemical mechanisms of glycolysis to specifically target and kill cancer cells. This review covers research that has used the Warburg effect as a premise and the heretofore indications and applications of the Warburg effect.
HUBUNGAN MUTU GURU, KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH, DAN STATUS EKONOMI GURU DENGAN KINERJA GURU SD KECAMATAN SURALAGA LOMBOK TIMUR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mutu guru dengan kinerja guru, hubungan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dengan kinerja guru, hubungan status ekonomi (SE) guru dengan kinerja guru, dan hubungan bersama-sama antara mutu guru, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, dan SE guru dengan kinerja guru di Kecamatan Suralaga, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan korelasional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara mutu guru dengan kinerja guru, nilai koefisien r sebesar 0.446, koefisien r 2 sebesar 0.199, besar sumbangan sebesar 19.9 % dan p (signifikan) sebesar 0.000; (2) ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dengan kinerja guru, nilai koefisien R sebesar 0.569, koefisien R 2 sebesar 0.323, besar sumbangan 32.3% dan p (signifikan) sebesar 0.006; (3) ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara SE dengan kinerja guru, nilai koefisien r sebesar 0.214 sedangkan koefisien R 2 sebesar 0.046; besar sumbangan 4.6% dan nilai p (signifikan) sebesar 0.014; (4) ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara mutu guru, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan SE dengan kinerja guru, nilai korelasi R sebesar 0.769, koefisien r 2 sebesar 0.591, besar sumbangan 59.1% dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.001. Kata Kunci : mutu, kepemimpinan, SE, dan kinerja
El sedentarismo en la infancia. Los niveles de actividad física en niños/as de la comunidad autónoma de Madrid

En los ultimos anos se esta creando un importante problema de sedentarismo en la infancia. A la hora de disenar programas de intervencion para fomentar la practica de actividad fisica es necesario obtener informacion precisa sobre los niveles de practica de la poblacion infantil asi como de los posibles determinantes de la practica. Para ello se ha disenado un estudio donde se evaluan los niveles de practica de ninos y ninas de 10 a 13 anos a partir de un diario de actividad fisica. Las conclusiones que se desprenden del estudio realizado son: los sujetos dedican mas de hora y media diaria a la realizacion de actividades fisicas. Por otro lado, el porcentaje de sujetos fisicamente activos varia de forma muy notoria dependiendo de la recomendacion considerada, variando desde solo un 20% cuando se considera la recomendacion mas estricta (una hora diaria) a un 79,1% cuando se considera la menos exigente (media hora al menos 5 dias en semana). Por ultimo, el tiempo dedicado por los sujetos que no cumplen las recomendaciones pone de manifiesto que el no cumplimiento de las recomendaciones tiene que ver fundamentalmente con la frecuencia de practica y no con el tiempo de la misma.
DIAGNOSIS OF FAULTS IN INDUCTION MACHINE MANUFACTURING

Although there are now modern technologies of induction machine manufacturing, however, in production, a relatively large number of faults have been identified, which increase the share of manufacturing-related costs and the consumption of materials. In recent years, many methods for diagnosing the manufacturing faults and the defect flow from operations have been developed. However, the proposed methods are not completely settled and they do not provide an adequate prediction upon the occurrence of defects. The objective of this work is monitoring three-phase induction machine faults on the manufacturing line, in order to establish a strategy to reduce wastage in the process of manufacture. Tests were conducted on a sample of 20 types of induction motors, over a year. Internal and external faults were monitored on the manufacturing line: phase-earth breakdown faults, phase to phase breakdown faults, different resistances per phase, insulation faults and other manufacturing faults. A graphical analysis and a strategy to reduce the number of faults have been established.
SLIC SUPERPIXELS FOR OBJECT DELINEATION FROM UAV DATA

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are increasingly investigated with regard to their potential to create and update (cadastral) maps. UAVs provide a flexible and low-cost platform for high-resolution data, from which object outlines can be accurately delineated. This delineation could be automated with image analysis methods to improve existing mapping procedures that are cost, time and labor intensive and of little reproducibility. This study investigates a superpixel approach, namely simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC), in terms of its applicability to UAV data. The approach is investigated in terms of its applicability to high-resolution UAV orthoimages and in terms of its ability to delineate object outlines of roads and roofs. Results show that the approach is applicable to UAV orthoimages of 0.05 m GSD and extents of 100 million and 400 million pixels. Further, the approach delineates the objects with the high accuracy provided by the UAV orthoimages at completeness rates of up to 64 %. The approach is not suitable as a standalone approach for object delineation. However, it shows high potential for a combination with further methods that delineate objects at higher correctness rates in exchange of a lower localization quality. This study provides a basis for future work that will focus on the incorporation of multiple methods for an interactive, comprehensive and accurate object delineation from UAV data. This aims to support numerous application fields such as topographic and cadastral mapping.
Superfluid density and critical velocity near the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a two-dimensional strongly interacting Fermi gas

We theoretically investigate superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas confined to two dimensions at finite temperature. Using a Gaussian pair fluctuation theory in the superfluid phase, we calculate the superfluid density and determine the critical temperature and chemical potential at the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. We propose that the transition can be unambiguously demonstrated in cold-atom experiments by stirring the superfluid Fermi gas using a red detuned laser beam, to identify the characteristic jump in the local Landau critical velocity at the superfluid-normal interface, as the laser beam moves across the cloud.
Bioactive form of resveratrol in glioblastoma cells and its safety for normal brain cells

Background : Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol existing in grapes and many other natural foods, possesses a wide range of biological activities including cancer prevention. It has been recognized that resveratrol is intracellularly biotransformed to different metabolites, but no direct evidence has been available to ascertain its bioactive form because of the difficulty to maintain resveratrol unmetabolized in vivo or in vitro. It would be therefore worthwhile to elucidate the potential therapeutic implications of resveratrol metabolism using a reliable resveratrol-sensitive cancer cells. Objective : To identify the real biological form of trans-resveratrol and to evaluate the safety of the effective anticancer dose of resveratrol for the normal brain cells. Methods : The samples were prepared from the condition media and cell lysates of human glioblastoma U251 cells, and were purified by solid phase extraction (SPE). The samples were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis. According to the metabolite(s), trans-resveratrol was biotransformed in vitro by the method described elsewhere, and the resulting solution was used to treat U251 cells. Meanwhile, the responses of U251 and primarily cultured rat normal brain cells (glial cells and neurons) to 100μM trans-resveratrol were evaluated by multiple experimental methods. Results : The results revealed that resveratrol monosulfate was the major metabolite in U251 cells. About half fraction of resveratrol monosulfate was prepared in vitro and this trans-resveratrol and resveratrol monosulfate mixture showed little inhibitory effect on U251 cells. It is also found that rat primary brain cells (PBCs) not only resist 100μM but also tolerate as high as 200μM resveratrol treatment. Conclusions : Our study thus demonstrated that trans-resveratrol was the bioactive form in glioblastoma cells and, therefore, the biotransforming activity of trans-resveratrol would be reversely correlated with the chemosensitivity of the treated cells. The findings from PBCs suggest that an effective anti-glioblastoma dose of resveratrol may not exert side-effect on normal brain cells, providing a strong evidence for practical use of resveratrol in the management of human brain malignancies. Key words : Resveratrol, glioblastoma, drug metabolism
Fair Income Tax

In a model where agents have unequal skills and heterogeneous preferences over consumption and leisure, we look for the optimal tax on the basis of efficiency and fairness principles and under incentive-compatibility constraints. The fairness principles considered here are: 1) a weak version of the Pigou-Dalton transfer principle; 2) a condition precluding redistribution when all agents have the same skills. With such principles we construct and justify specific social preferences and derive a simple criterion for the evaluation of income tax schedules. Namely, the lower the greatest average tax rate over the range of low incomes, the better. We show that, as a consequence, the optimal tax should give the greatest subsidies to the working poor (the agents having the lowest skill and choosing the largest labor time).
Magnesium Deficiency and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death and disability in the world. Low magnesium intake and low serum levels of magnesium have been inversely related to cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular mortality in several epidemiological and meta-analytic studies. However, magnesium status is rarely evaluated in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Dietary evaluation is uncommon and supplementation is rarely advised or prescribed. This brief review scrutinizes the
Grafting fluorescent nanodiamonds onto optical tips

We recently introduced an all-optical method for grafting onto the apex of an optical tip a single 20 nm nanodiamond with single color-center occupancy and used the resulting single-photon tip in scanning near-field imaging at room temperature, thereby achieving a genuine scanning single-photon microscopy working in ambient conditions. A variant of this method is described that allows for attaching several nanodiamonds onto the tip apex, releasing them all at once and finally recapturing them one by one by the scanning tip. This underlines the flexibility and powerfulness of our method and its variant that could be used in applications where a fixed number of selected optically active nano-objects requires positioning, or repositioning, at well defined locations with nanometer accuracy.
Buyer Power and Innovation of Quality Products: Empirical Evidence from the German Food Sector

The last couple of decades have seen an increased retail concentration around the world, particularly in Europe. Views on the welfare implications of this severe change are controversial. Consumers might benefit because larger stores (owned by larger retailer chains) offer more product choices. On the other hand, there is concern that buyer power may force manufacturers ? to reduce investment in new products or product improvements? [1]. This paper? s aim is to analyse whether retailer power affects food manufacturing firms incentives to invest in innovation of high quality food products. On the basis of a formal model, we find that retailer market power reduces upstream firms incentives to introduce new products. This proposition is tested empirically on the basis of firm level data from a survey of food manufacturing firms carried out in 2002 in Germany. Results of multinomial logit model show a moderate and negative impact of retailer market power on innovation of regular quality products. No such negative impact is observed for premium quality products. Producers of premium products thus seem to more effectively resist retailer market power in product innovation
Urban Land Governance: “Action Space”, Legitimacy of and Intervention Strategies for Urban Informal Settlements in Nepal

At the global level, the informal settlements are in a dichotomy of legal and illegal debates. This paper analyzes the issue of informal settlements from the legitimacy perspective. It reveals that, although the settlements are not in legal legitimacy, there is tendency of social legitimacy. The challenges of urban land governance are in how to minimize the gap between legal legitimacy and social legitimacy. Firstly, this paper explores on how the actions of government and non-government organizations contribute towards legitimacy. To achieve this aim, the analytical framework of “action space” is applied. Secondly, it focuses on identifying intervention strategies that narrow the gap between legal legitimacy and social legitimacy. We studied two cases of informal settlements: the rst is to explore the gap and the second is to explain the intervention strategies. The results show, that due to lack of “action space” of government actors towards legal legitimacy, the civil society actors created their own “action space” which ultimately triggered social legitimacy. In addition to civil society, the actions of local authorities are found to contribute towards social legitimacy as well. To narrow the gap, the identi ed intervention strategies are discussed within the scope of land policy, land tenure security and land development.
Correlation between Stock Prices and polarity of companies' performance in Tweets: a CRF-based Approach

Information produced and shared on social networks constitute a valuable source for inferring trends and events in the real world. In this paper we show how this can be exploited concretely through quantitative analysis of social content. We present an analysis of the statistical correlation between the security prices of some IT companies and the performance polarity of the same companies as expressed in tweets. Companies' performance polarities are obtained by applying Conditional Random Fields to the considered streams of tweets. An evaluation of both the classification model and the performed regression analysis is also presented.
Acousto-Ultrasonic Monitoring of Glueline Curing

Hard maple electrodes were bonded with three types of epoxies in a lap joint and acousto-ultrasonic transmission monitored during curing. The electrodes, 3.2 x 25 x 115 mm, were lapped for a 25- x 25-mm bond area. Standard acoustic emission sensors, 175 kHz transmitter and 75 kHz receiver, were used to provide an RMS voltage output, which increased as the adhesive cured. The transmission increase was quantified using a halftime to cure. The increase in transmission is comparable to the predicted increase in longitudinal modulus. Increasing glueline thickness from 0.05 to 0.5 mm caused an increase in apparent cure time as measured by the halftime. By controlling glueline temperature, an activation energy was determined from the halftime to cure.
Convergence of the Health Status at the Local Level: Empirical Evidence from Austria

In comparisons of the welfare of individuals and socioeconomic aggregates of individuals (regions, states,.) the health status is an important dimension. In the following paper we focus on the question whether the health status between geographical subunits (local communities) converged/diverged in the time period 1969 - 2004 in Austria. We use age standardized mortality rates as indicators for the health status and analyse the convergence/divergence of overall mortality for (i) the whole population, for (ii) females, for (iii) males and for (iv) the gender gap in overall mortality. Convergence/Divergence is studied by applying different concepts of cross-regional inequality (weighted standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Theil- Coefficient of inequality). Various econometric techniques (weighted OLS, Quantile Regression, Kendall’s Rank Concordance) are used to test for absolute and conditional beta-convergence in mortality. We find mixed results for the inequality measures applied. Absolute and conditional beta-convergence are confirmed both in weighted OLS as well as in quantile regression estimations, but we also find strong evidence for the existence of convergence clubs in mortality.
Evaluation of Health Literacy in Veteran Affairs Outpatient Population: A Focus on Patient Self-Perceived Health Status

Health literacy is of great importance for clinicians to maximize patient involvement and in the effective delivery of healthcare services. Health literacy driven health communication strategies may encourage appropriate and optimal use of healthcare resources and medications. We evaluated health literacy level in veterans with unique population demographics and focused on patient self-perceived health status (SPHS). Veterans (N=194) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Only 40% had poor or inadequate health literacy level. Older individuals displayed poorer health literacy level. 57.2% of the patients had good/above SPHS. Patients with good or above SPHS had 1.7 times higher (OR: 1.68, 95% CI=0.79-3.54) compared to patients with below good SPHS. Veterans with hospitalization were 11% less likely (OR=0.89) to report good or adequate health literacy level compared to those not hospitalized. Veterans with good or adequate health literacy level perceived their health status to be better than veterans with poor or inadequate health literacy. Using plain and simple language by providers while counseling patients about their disease and medications, might have a positive ripple effect on the current patient-centered care delivery. Clinicians could use a tailored approach to improve communication with patients.
A new spirit across sectors: Constructing a common justification for corporate volunteering

textabstractCorporate volunteering is an activity located at the intersection of the corporate and nonprofit spheres. Its coordination and implementation create interesting encounters between professionals from both sectors. This article adopts a pragmatic sociological approach to analysing the discursive processes that nurture or hinder these encounters and the corporate volunteering activities they aim to produce. It brings to the fore the nonprofit perspective by analysing 39 semi-structured interviews with Dutch and Belgian nonprofit professionals who were engaged in corporate volunteering coordination. The study shows that a flexible and project-oriented justification regime, which is mainly promoted by nonprofits that match companies with other nonprofits, creates a common discursive terrain that nurtures cross-sectoral collaboration. Other justification regimes, particularly the civic one, are increasingly marginalised, as they are perceived as hindering collaboration rather than enabling it. Thus the proliferation of corporate volunteering, and the dominance of the project-oriented justification that is intertwined with it, together challenge classical identifications of the nonprofit sector with civic action.