Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on effect of alcohol use on anger and depression among military personnel

The current study was conducted to find out the effect of alcohol use on anger and depression among military personnel. The total sample consisted of 100 male military personnel (PBOR) equally distributed on alcohol users and non-drinkers groups between the ages of 21 to 40 years selected randomly from military camps of Kolkata (West Bengal). The study tool was The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) developed by World Health Organization used for screening them into two groups. Data for anger and depression was collected by Clinical Anger Scale (CAS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and analysed through Mean, SD, ‘t’- test and correlation was computed. Result has shown that (1) There is significant difference in level of anger between alcohol users and non-drinkers (2) There is no significant difference in the mean score of depression among two groups and (3) A positive correlation between anger and depression in both groups. Therefore, it could be said that, alcohol users group having high level of anger than non-drinkers.
Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with Dicamba Applied Preplant and Postemergence in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean

Abstract Herbicide-resistant crops, such as glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean, allow for broad-spectrum, flexible weed control with minimal crop injury; however, the development of GR weeds, such as horseweed, has forced reliance on alternative herbicides for control of these weeds. While preplant (PP) herbicides provide excellent control of GR-horseweed, there are currently no POST herbicide control options within soybean. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dicamba for the control of GR-horseweed when applied PP, POST, and sequentially in dicamba-resistant soybean. Dicamba applied PP at 600 g a.e. ha−1 provided 90 to 100% control of GR-horseweed 8 wk after application (WAA) across three field trials conducted in Ontario in 2011 and 2012. Similarly, sequential applications provided 91 to 100% control. This technology provides a much-needed POST option of dicamba to be applied as a rescue treatment to control weed escapes caused by late emergence or poor initial control following a PP herbicide application. Nomenclature: Dicamba; glyphosate; horseweed; Conyza canadensis (L). Cronq. ; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr. Resumen Los cultivos resistentes a herbicidas, tales como la soya resistente a glyphosate (GR), hacen posible un control de malezas de amplio espectro y flexible, con un daño mínimo al cultivo. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de malezas GR, como el caso de Conyza canadensis, ha llevado a la dependencia de herbicidas alternativos para el control de estas malezas. Mientras que los herbicidas pre-siembra (PP) brindan un control excelente de C. canadensis GR, actualmente no hay opciones de control con herbicidas POST en soya. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de dicamba para el control de C. canadensis GR cuando se aplicó PP, POST, y secuencialmente en soya resistente a dicamba. Dicamba aplicado PP a 600 g a.e. ha−1 brindó 90 a 100% de control de C. canadensis GR 8 semanas después de la aplicación (WAA) en tres estudios de campo realizados en Ontario en 2011 y 2012. Similarmente, aplicaciones secuenciales brindaron 91 a 100% de control. Esta tecnología brinda una muy necesitada opción de control POST al aplicar dicamba como tratamiento de rescate para controlar escapes de malezas causados debido a emergencia tardía o a un control inicial limitado después de una aplicación de un herbicida PP.
Next-generation paleornithology: Technological and methodological advances allow new insights into the evolutionary and ecological histories of living birds

ABSTRACT Paleornithology, the study of fossil or ancient bird remains, provides an important context for understanding the biology, evolutionary history, and ecology of living birds. Recent technological and methodological advances in the field of paleornithology have opened up the potential to extract new pools of information from fossil bird remains, and hence provide new insights into the histories of living birds. Here we review some of these advances, covering aspects of ancient DNA and protein analyses, sedimentary proxies for birds, stable isotope analyses, coprolite analyses, high-resolution computed tomography, paleoneurology, finite elements analysis, and paleohistology. These new advances offer exciting prospects for the future of paleornithology, but also reaffirm the importance of basic fieldwork, exploration and the discovery of new fossil specimens, museum archives in which to curate the specimens, and traditional morphological approaches to studying the fossil remains.
PARASITISM IN SUSTAINED AND COLLAPSING POPULATIONS OF THE JACK PINE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA PINUS PINUS FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN ONTARIO, 1985–1987

Abstract Sixteen species of parasitoids were found attacking outbreak and collapsing populations of the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in several plots in northeastern and northwestern Ontario. The patterns of parasitism were similar among widely separated plots with only a few species consistently dominating the parasitoid fauna. The greatest difference in the pattern of parasitism was between sustained and collapsing infestations. Collapsing populations of jack pine bud-worm were associated with relatively high levels of parasitism by Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Lypha setifacies (West.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) which attacked the late larval stages of the budworm. The results are discussed in comparison with other jack pine budworm studies and with spruce budworm population studies. Résumé Seize espèces de parasitoïdes ont été trouvées chez des populations épidémiques et des populations en déclin de la Tordeuse du pin gris Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) en plusieurs grilles-échantillons du nord-est et du nord-ouest de l’Ontario. Le parasitisme suivait partout les mêmes patterns, même dans les grilles-échantillons éloignées les unes des autres, et la faune des parasitoïdes était toujours dominée par quelques espèces. Les plus grandes différences ont été trouvées entre les infestations en progrès et les infestations en déclin. Les populations en déclin des tordeuses étaient associées à de fortes concentrations de Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) et de Lypha setifacies (West.) (Diptera : Tachinidae) qui attaquent les stades larvaires avancés des tordeuses. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus au cours d’études sur d’autres populations de la Tordeuse du pin gris et sur des populations de Tordeuses des bourgeons de l’épinette. [Traduit par la rédaction]
Evaluation of paratransit performance as public transport in Medan City

Although bus comfort is a crucial indicator of service quality, existing studies tend to focus on passenger load factor and headway. This study examines the performance of paratransit in Medan city by using those criteria. The analysis is conducted using survey passengers onboard expressed as a percent of available seats and number of fleets required to operate a transport route for a given interval. The result showed there is significant gap in paratransit load factor from government regulation, and average headways of paratransit still fulfilling the level of services except for 2 operators which is National and Mars. Government intervention is needed to increase the service’s reliability of public transport.
Open-label, Phase I Study of Nivolumab Combined with nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose: Assess safety and efficacy of nivolumab plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer in a two-part, open-label, phase I trial. Patients and Methods: Fifty chemotherapy-naive patients received nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 plus gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, and 15) and nivolumab 3 mg/kg (days 1 and 15) in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs; part 1) and grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) or treatment discontinuation due to TEAEs (parts 1/2). Secondary efficacy endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and response. Assessment of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was an exploratory endpoint; additional biomarkers were assessed post hoc. Results: One DLT (hepatitis) was reported in part 1 among six DLT-evaluable patients; 48 of 50 patients experienced grade 3/4 TEAEs and 18 discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. One grade 5 TEAE (respiratory failure) was reported. Median [95% confidence interval (CI)] PFS/OS was 5.5 (3.25–7.20 months)/9.9 (6.74–12.16 months) months, respectively [median follow-up for OS, 13.6 months (95% CI, 12.06–23.49 months)]. Overall response rate (95% CI) was 18% (8.6%–31.4%). Median PFS/OS was 5.5/9.7 months (PD-L1 <5%) and 6.8/11.6 months (PD-L1 ≥5%), respectively. Proportion of peripheral Ki67+ CD8+/CD4+ cells increased significantly from baseline to cycle 3; median peak on-treatment Ki67+ CD8+ T-cell values were higher in responders than in nonresponders. Conclusions: The safety profile of nivolumab plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine at standard doses in advanced pancreatic cancer was manageable, with no unexpected safety signals. Overall, the clinical results of this study do not support further investigation.
A low dimensional entropy-based descriptor of several tissues in skin cancer histopathology samples

The use of low-level visual features to assign high level labels in datasets of histopathology images is a possible solution to the problems derived from manual labeling by experts. However, in many cases, the visual cues are not enough. In this article we propose the use of features derived exclusively from the spatial distribution of the cell nuclei. These features are calculated using the weight of k-nn graphs constructed from the distances between cells. Results show that there are k values with enhanced discriminatory power, especially when comparing cancerous and non-cancerous tissue.
GGTA1/iGb3S Double Knockout Mice: Immunological Properties and Immunogenicity Response to Xenogeneic Bone Matrix

Background Animal tissues and tissue-derived biomaterials are widely used in the field of xenotransplantation and regenerative medicine. A potential immunogenic risk that affects the safety and effectiveness of xenografts is the presence of remnant α-Gal antigen (synthesized by GGTA1 or/and iGb3S). GGTA1 knockout mice have been developed as a suitable model for the analysis of anti-Gal antibody-mediated immunogenicity. However, we are yet to establish whether GGTA1/iGb3S double knockout (G/i DKO) mice are sensitive to Gal antigen-positive xenoimplants. Methods α-Gal antigen expression in the main organs of G/i DKO mice or bovine bone substitutes was detected via a standardized ELISA inhibition assay. Serum anti-α-Gal antibody titers of G/i DKO mice after immunization with rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) and implantation of raw lyophilized bone substitutes (Gal antigen content was 8.14 ± 3.17 × 1012/mg) or Guanhao Biotech bone substitutes (50% decrease in Gal antigen relative to the raw material) were assessed. The evaluation of total serum antibody, inflammatory cytokine, and splenic lymphocyte subtype populations and the histological analysis of implants and thymus were performed to systematically assess the immune response caused by bovine bone substitutes and bone substitute grafts in G/i DKO mice. Results α-Gal epitope expression was reduced by 100% in the main organs of G/i DKO mice, compared with their wild-type counterparts. Following immunization with RRBC, serum anti-Gal antibody titers of G/i DKO mice increased from 80- to 180-fold. After subcutaneous implantation of raw lyophilized bone substitutes and Guanhao Biotech bone substitutes into G/i DKO mice, specific anti-α-Gal IgG, anti-α-Gal IgM, and related inflammatory factors (IFN-γ and IL-6) were significantly increased in the raw lyophilized bone substitute group but showed limited changes in the Guanhao Biotech bone substitute group, compared with the control. Conclusion G/i DKO mice are sensitive to Gal antigen-positive xenogeneic grafts and can be effectively utilized for evaluating the α-Gal-mediated immunogenic risk of xenogeneic grafts.
Downscaling of Satellite Remote Sensing Soil Moisture Products Over the Tibetan Plateau Based on the Random Forest Algorithm: Preliminary Results

Soil moisture (SM) is an important index of soil drought, and it directly controls the energy balance and water cycle of the land surface. As an indicator and amplifier of global warming, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is becoming warmer and wetter. Because of its particular geographical environment, large‐scale measurements of SM on the TP can only be achieved by satellite remote sensing. The resolution of current SM product of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite is 36 km, which is insufficient for many practical applications. In this study, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) are applied to increase the resolution of SM down to 1 km using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The preliminary results of the proposed algorithm are evaluated by station observations and other reanalysis products. The downscaled results are more consistent with the in situ observations, the Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) from China Meteorological Administration (CMA), and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) than the original SMAP product. The downscaling algorithm is most effective for grasslands. It is demonstrated that high‐resolution SM products can be generated by fusing various features using machine‐learning algorithms.
Self-sensing feedback control of multiple interacting shape memory alloy actuators in a 3D steerable active needle

Percutaneous needle-based intervention is a technique used in minimally invasive surgical procedures such as brachytherapy, thermal ablation, and biopsy. Targeting accuracy in these procedures is a defining factor for success. Active needle steering introduces the potential to increase the targeting accuracy in such procedures to improve the clinical outcome. In this work, a novel 3D steerable active flexible needle with shape memory alloy actuators was developed. Active needle actuation response to a variety of actuation scenarios was analyzed to develop a kinematic model. Shape memory alloy actuators were characterized in terms of their actuation strain, electrical resistance, and required electrical power to design a self-sensing electrical resistance feedback control system for position tracking control of the active needle. The control system performance was initially tested in position tracking control of a single shape memory alloy actuator and then was implemented on multiple interacting shape memory alloy actuators to manipulate the 3D steerable active needle along a reference path. The electrical resistance feedback control of the multiple interacting shape memory alloy actuators enabled the active needle to reach target points in a planar workspace of about 20 mm. Results demonstrated shape memory alloys as promising alternatives for traditional actuators used in surgical instruments with enhanced design, characterization, and control capabilities.
A Literature Review of the Strategic Decision-Making Context: A Synthesis of Previous Mixed Findings and an Agenda for the Way Forward

The aim of this article is to conduct a comprehensive literature review concerning the influence of contextual factors on strategic decision processes. Our literature review organizes the existing literature on contextual factors along the lines of an integrative framework for studying strategic decisions. Interestingly, the stream of research on strategic decision processes is dominated by studies showing mixed, contradictory, and inconclusive findings. The effects of each contextual factor on the strategic decision process differ substantially across the reviewed studies. This creates several opportunities for further research on the topic. The review also reveals a paucity of cross-cultural studies, longitudinal studies, and tests of complex relationships such as three-way interactions, curvilinear relationships, and mediation effects. We conclude our review by suggesting seven directions for future research and identifying several implications for theory and practice.
An Analytical Model for a Photovoltaic Module Under Partial Shading Conditions

An analytical model is useful in the study of photovoltaic (PV) module behavior, and is mainly used to demonstrate system control strategies. Conventional equivalent circuit models express the I-V relations of a PV cell, module or array, but are very limited to PV arrays' behaviors under uniform irradiance conditions. This paper proposes a novel PV modeling method that has the capability of predicting terminal current for a partially shaded module based on the extracted shading information. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed modeling method outperforms the existing simulation tools such as PSIM and Simulink in terms of mean accuracy.
Characterizing Thunderstorm Gust Fronts near Complex Terrain

Fire safety, aviation, wind energy, and structural-engineering operations are impacted by thunderstorm outflow boundaries or gust fronts (GFs) particularly when they occur in mountainous terrain. For example, during the 2013 Arizona Yarnell Hill Fire, 19 firefighters were killed as a result of sudden changes in fire behavior triggered by a passing GF. Knowledge of GF behavior in complex terrain also determines departure and landing operations at nearby airports, and GFs can induce exceptional structural loads on wind turbines. While most examinations of GF characteristics focus on well-organized convection in areas such as the Great Plains, here the investigation is broadened to explore GF characteristics that evolve near the complex terrain of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Using in situ observations from meteorological towers, as well as data from wind-profiling lidars and a microwave radiometer, 24 GF events are assessed to quantify changes in wind, temperature, humidity, and turbulence in the lowest 300 m AGL as these GFs passed over the instruments. The changes in magnitude for all variables are on average weaker in the Colorado Front Range than those typically observed from organized, severe storms in flatter regions. Most events from this study experience an increase in wind speed from 1 to 8 m s−1, relative humidity from 1% to 8%, and weak vertical motion from 0.3 to 3.6 m s−1 during GF passage while temperature drops by 0.2°–3°C and turbulent kinetic energy peaks at >4 m2 s−2. Vertical profiles reveal that these changes vary little with height in the lowest 300 m.
Why Do Narcissists Care So Much About Intelligence?

Grandiose narcissists typically pursue agentic goals, such as social status, competence, and autonomy. We argue that because high intelligence is a key asset for the attainment of such agentic goals, the concept of intelligence should play a prominent role in grandiose narcissists’ self-regulation and social behavior. We review the relevant literature and report evidence in support of this claim. Grandiose narcissists consider intelligence to be an important resource that leads to benefits across life domains, they tend to maintain and defend illusory positive intellectual self-views, and they are extremely motivated to appear intelligent to other people. Thus, even though grandiose narcissism is essentially unrelated to objectively assessed intelligence, intelligence nevertheless plays an important role in the way grandiose narcissists think, feel, and behave. We discuss potential implications for social relationships and point toward avenues for future research.
China and the USA, a higher perceived risk for UK consumers in a post COVID-19 food system: the impact of country of origin and ethical information on consumer perceptions of food

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global food systems and consumer eating habits. The current study explores how country of origin and ethical status information impacts attitudes toward food. Methods: A within-subjects survey design explored how perceptions of food safety/risk, animal welfare, deliciousness, purchase intention, energy density, carbon footprint of three foods (chicken, pasta, apples) are influenced by country of origin and ethical status information (UK, EU, China, USA, Fairtrade, Organic). Data were collected from 701 UK-based participants using an online survey from the 25-30th March, following the UK lockdown (23rd March 2020). Results: Perceptions of food safety, animal welfare, purchase intention, deliciousness and carbon footprint are influenced by origin and ethical status information. Chicken from the USA and China is perceived to be higher risk and have lower animal welfare standards. Apples from the USA and China are perceived to be higher risk. Pasta from China is perceived to be higher risk. Energy density estimations are not influenced by origin and ethical status information. Conclusions: Consumer perceptions are influenced by country of origin and ethical information; foods from China are perceived least favourably, followed by foods from the USA; foods from the UK, EU, Organic or Fairtrade are perceived more favourably. The impact of origin and ethical information varies by food type with the perception of some foods appearing less susceptible to influence. These findings have implications for post COVID-19 (and post Brexit) food system, trade policy and public trust, and highlight the need for communication of food safety.
TROPHIC LEVELS ARE DIFFERENTIALLY SENSITIVE TO CLIMATE

Predicting the response of communities to climate change is a major challenge for ecology. Communities may well not respond as entities but be disrupted, particularly if trophic levels respond differently, but as yet there is no evidence for differential responses from natural systems. We therefore analyzed unusually detailed plant and animal data collected over 20 years from two grassland communities to determine whether functional group climate sensitivity differed between trophic levels. We found that sensitivity increases significantly with increasing trophic level. This differential sensitivity would lead to community destabilization under climate change, not simple geographical shifts, and consequently must be incorporated in predictive ecological climate models.
Time–frequency windowing in multiparameter elastic FWI of shallow seismic wavefield

Full-waveform inversion of shallow seismic wavefields is a promising method to infer multiparameter models of elastic material properties (S-wave velocity, P-wave velocity and mass density) of the shallow subsurface with high resolution. Previous studies used either the refracted Pwaves to reconstructed models of P-wave velocity or the high-amplitude Rayleigh waves to infer the S-wave velocity structure. In this work, we propose a combination of both wavefields using continuous time–frequency windowing. We start with the contribution of refracted P waves and gradually increase the time window to account for scattered body waves, higher mode Rayleigh waves and finally the fundamental Rayleigh wave mode. The opening of the time window is combined with opening the frequency bandwidth of input signals to avoid cycle skipping. Synthetic reconstruction tests revealed that the reconstruction of P-wave velocity model and mass density can be improved. The S-wave velocity reconstruction is still accurate and robust and is slightly benefitted by time–frequency windowing. In a field data application, we observed that time–frequency windowing improves the consistency of multiparameter models. The inferred models are in good agreement with independent geophysical information obtained from ground-penetrating radar and full-waveform inversion of SH waves.