Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple reaction time and decision making performance after different physical workloads: an examination with elite athletes

The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of both local and general physical fatigue on visual simple and visual choice reaction time of elite level athletes. 15 male and 3 female national Muay-Thai athletes (M age = 21.55, SD= 3.47) who participated at least 5 training sessions per week volunteered to participate present study. Subjects were asked to perform Wingate anaerobic test on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer (834 E, Monark) to induce general fatigue. Hand grip dynamometer was used for resistance exercises to induce local fatigue. Simple, two-choice and three-choice visual reaction times were measured at resting, after local and general physical fatigue conditions both on right and left hands, respectively. The results of repeated measure ANOVAs yielded that compared to resting conditions simple reaction time significantly increased after inducing the local and general physical fatigue on both hands. On the other hand, although two-choice and three-choice reaction time mean scores increased from resting to both general and local physical fatigue conditions, these increments were not statistically different among measurements. It was concluded that both dynamic and resistance exercise induced fatigue may seems to lengthen only simple reaction time and did not affect decision making processes of elite level Muay-Thai athletes .
An Interactive Approach for Solving Nash Cooperative Continuous Static Games (NCCSG)

This paper, presents a solution method for Nash cooperative continuous static games (which is another type of continuous static games are constructs in this paper) by using interactive approach. This is achieved by using the method of compromise programming and the method of compromise weights from the payoff table of membership function for each cost function. Also we obtain the stability set of the first kind for the solution. The method, called interactive stability compromise programming (ISCP).
Leaf level emission measurement of sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes from desert shrubs and temperate forest trees using a liquid extraction technique

Biogenic emission of sesquiterpene (SQT) and oxygenated SQT (OSQT) were measured from the dominant vegetation in a desert shrubland and urban area (Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.), and at temperate forest sites at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, U.S.A. , Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan and Tumbarumba, New South Wales, Australia. Additional measurements were conducted using greenhouse grown plants. The sampling technique, based on solid adsorbent preconcentration and liquid extraction, is suitable for measuring high molecular weight and low volatility compounds such as OSQTs. Fourteen SQT and OSQT (10 SQT and 4 OSQT) were identified in the field experiments. Total emission rates of SQTs and OSQTs varied from the detection limit to 7.6 μgC g-1h-1 (average: 0.74) and 3.7 μgC g-1h-1 (average: 0.31), respectively, and varied with plant species and location. Environmental conditions, including temperature and precipitation, appeared to influence emission rates. Canopy level emission of SQT and OSQT in Tomakomai were also estimated using an emission model. The emission rate of SQT and OSQT ranged from 72 to 710 μgC m-2h-1 (average, 460 in daytime) and from 38 to 370 μgC m-2h-1 (average, 240 in daytime), respectively. Their contributions can be very high in specific regions and seasons. Given the relatively high reactivity and secondary organic aerosol yields of SQTs and OSQTs, it is likely that these compounds influence atmospheric constituents in at least some areas.
Effect of Glaucoma Medications on Quality of Life Examined by Generic and Vision Specific Instruments

Purpose: To evaluate the relation between number of glaucomatous medications and Quality of Life (QL) in glaucoma patients. Methods: The study was an observational cross-sectional study. 53 consecutive patients with early or suspect glaucoma, matched for age and gender, were selected from the Glaucoma service of the University Eye Clinic of Pavia. The patients were then divided into 3 groups on the basis of the therapy (group A= no therapy, B= one drug, C= two drugs). All subjects completed both the self-administered version of Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (MOS SF-36) and the Italian version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25-item (NEI-VFQ 25). Relation and differences between each scale of both questionnaires and group was studied applying the ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test ant the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Social functioning scale (SF36) was significantly altered in the three groups (p<0.02). SF was statistically different between group A and B (p=0.04) and between group A and C (p=0.011) suggesting a positive effect of the therapy on QL. The physical functioning subscale (SF-36) and the vision specific social functioning sub-scale (NEI-VFQ) recorded differences but not significant (p=0.088 and p=0.052, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the number of glaucoma medications is not predictive of quality of life. In some patients the number of medications may improve their QL perception. Further clinical trials to verify and study these outcomes are required.
Central Masking: Fact or Artifact?

Fourteen people with normal hearing participated in a study that used signal detection theory to examine central auditory masking. Participants were tested in a sound-attenuating chamber. Absolute thresholds for stimuli (1000 Hz pure-tone, white noise masker at 40 dB SL) were established: first for the tone, then for the tone in combination with the masker in the contralateral ear. A mean threshold increase (3.8 dB) demonstrated central masking. Contrary to prediction, a paired-samples t-test revealed significant shifts in participant sensitivity (d´) [t (10) = 4.46, p < . 001], suggesting that participants’ sensitivity to the tone decreased in the masking condition. These findings provide support for the theory that central masking is an auditory processing phenomenon.
Karyological Characteristics of Some Endemic Onobrychis Taxa Belonging to Onobrychis Section Naturally Grown in Turkey

Karyotype properties of of six endemic Onobrychis taxa (O. beata, O. cilicica, O. fallax, O. podperae, O. sulphurea and O. lasistanica) naturally grown in Turkey were determined using squash preparation method and similarity of these endemics with cultivated taxon (O. viciifolia) were revealed. Ploidy levels of Onobrychis taxa were diploid (2n=14) except O. lasistanica and O. viciifolia (2n=28). Basic chromosome number is x=7 and chromosomes ranged from median to sub median with regard to centromere position. While the longest total chromosome length was measured in O. cilicica (28.21 µm), the shortest total chromosome length was in O. beata (21.47 µm). O. cilicica and O. sulphurea have satellite on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the Onobrychis taxa and they were separated into three groups. O. fallax, and O. podperae were in the first group while O. sulphurea and O. cilicica were in the second group. O. beata, O. lasistanica, and O. viciifolia were assigned to the third group.
Hourly soil moisture mapping over West Africa using AMSR-E observations and a satellite-based rainfall product

Abstract This paper provides an original and simple methodology to map surface soil mois-ture with a ﬁne temporal and spatial resolution over large areas based on a satelliterainfall accumulation product and soil microwave emission measurements at C-band. 5 The ﬁrst motivation of this study was to obtain high temporal frequency (∼1h) in or-der to study the possible feedback mechanisms between soil moisture and convectionin West Africa. The use of soil moisture maps derived from satellite microwave mea-surements was not possible due to the low (at best daily) temporal resolution. Thus, arainfall accumulation product based on Meteosat geostationary satellite measurements 10 was used together with a simple Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) model to pro-duce soil moisture map at the 10×10km 2 and 30min resolution. Due to uncertaintieson the satellite-based rainfall accumulation product, derived soil moisture maps werefound to be erroneous. An assimilation technique based on AMSR-E C-band measure-ments into a microwave emission model was developed. The assimilation technique
A NEW FRAMEWORK OF STUDYING THE COGNITIVE MODEL OF CREATIVE DESIGN

This paper proposes a new framework of studying the cognitive model of creative design. In this paper, first the general cognitive process of creativity is reviewed, and then current studies of the cognitive models in engineering design are introduced. Assuming design creativity is related with designer performance and design workload, a new framework is introduced to study factors affecting design creativity and designer’s behavior in the cognitive process and the physical/physiological process. Experimental studies are proposed to validate the proposed framework and investigate the relation of design creativity with design performance and design creativity in the future work. This framework is expected to efficiently accommodate designer’s role in the cognitive process and the physical / physiological process. The expected results of this framework will provide suggestions for promoting design creativity and develop an efficient design method to integrate designer’s cognitive activities in the design process.
Long-term light trap study on the macro-moth (lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) fauna of the Aggtelek National Park

1 , E. ARNYAS 1 , B. TOTHMERESZ 55.68%), Boreo Continental (18.86, 8.16%), South Continental (2.02%, 0.67%), West Palae- arctic (28.96%, 35.14%), Xeromontane (1.01%, 0.05%) and Extrapalaearctic (1.01%, 0.31%). The eco-faunal components: euryoecious (11.62%, 20.03%), silvicolous (17.34%, 20.12%), nemoral (8.08%, 9.86%), quercetal (12.46%, 12.66%), helophilous (5.56%, 1.85%), boreo- montane (1.18%, 1.12%), altoherbosa (5.22%, 3.49%), meso-hygrophilous (6.73%, 6.26%), steppic (10.44%, 7.17%), lichenophagous (2.02%, 14.13%), other (19.36%, 3.32%).
A new index for delineating built-up land features in satellite imagery

A new index derived from existing indices – an index-based built-up index (IBI) – is proposed for the rapid extraction of built-up land features in satellite imagery. The IBI is distinguished from conventional indices by its first-time use of thematic index-derived bands to construct an index rather than by using original image bands. The three thematic indices used in constructing the IBI are the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) and the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Respectively, these represent the three major urban components of vegetation, water and built-up land. The new index has been verified using the Landsat ETM + image of Fuzhou City in southeastern China. The result shows that the IBI can significantly enhance the built-up land feature while effectively suppressing background noise. A statistical analysis indicates that the IBI possesses a positive correlation with land surface temperature, but negative correlations with the NDVI and the MNDWI.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Blue-Green Algae Spirulina Platensis

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles by one of the many popular microorganisms – blue-green algae Spirulina platensis was studied. The complex of optical and analytical methods was applied for investigation of experimental samples after exposure to chloroaurate (HAuCl4) solution at different doses and for different time intervals. To characterize formed gold nanoparticles UV-vis Spectrometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) were used. It was shown that after 1.5–2 days of exposure the extracellular formation of nanoparticles of spherical form and the distribution peak within the interval of 20-30 nm took place. To determine gold concentrations in the Spirulina platensis biomass neutron activation analysis (NAA) was applied.
The discovery of a shell-like event in the O-type star HD 120678

Aims. We report the detection of a shell-like event in the Oe-type star HD 120678. Methods. HD 120678 has been intensively observed as part of a high-resolution spectroscopic monitoring program of southern Galactic O stars and Wolf-Rayet stars of the nitrogen sequence. Results. An optical spectrogram of HD 120678 obtained in June 2008 shows strong H and He i absorption lines instead of the double-peaked emission profiles observed both previously and subsequently, as well as a variety of previously undetected absorption features, mainly of O ii, Si iii and Fe iii. Photometric data reveal that the development of the absorption spectrum coincided with a remarkable dip in the V-band lightcurve. The “shell phase” of HD 120678 did not persist for very long: the V magnitude recovered its previous average value in fewer than 120 days, whereas H and He emission lines became detectable one year later. Similar spectral variations have been observed in a few Be stars, and they are usually interpreted as changes in the circumstellar disk.
Exposure of natural Antarctic marine microbial assemblages to ambient UV radiation: effects on the marine microbial community

The effect of ambient solar UV radiation on natural protist (phytoplankton and protozoan) assemblages from Antarctic coastal waters was determined. Subsamples of the community were exposed to UV radiation attenuated to equivalent water column depths (ED) of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.6 6 and ≥20 m for periods of between 8 h and 1 wk. Total concentrations of phytoplankton in treatments exposed at 3.0 and 3.6 m ED were similar to those in control treatments. However, exposure of phytoplankton at ≤2.0 m ED for ≥1 d reduced overall cell size, concentration and biomass. Following UV exposure, some species of phytoplankton died, some flourished and others were unaffected. In contrast, the total concentrations of protozoans at ≤2.0 m ED for ≥1 d were commonly higher than in controls, and 2- to 3-fold higher than at 3.0 and 3.6 m ED. Significant negative correlation was observed between the total concentrations of phytoplankton and protozoa, showing that UV-induced mortality of phytoplankton resulted, directly or indirectly, in an increase in the concentrations of protozoans. Our results showed that UV radiation can change the biomass and species composition of marine microbial communities, altering size and availability of food for higher trophic levels and changing their trophic structure. Thus, increased UVB as a result of ozone depletion is likely to change food web structure and function and may influence biogeochemical cycles.
Comparative investigations of cytotoxic action of anticancer drugs Taxol and Taxotere on meristematic cells of Allium cepa

Abstract Taxotere and Taxol are anticancer drugs used mainly in breast cancer therapy. Although both of them act by stabilizing microtubules, reports indicate differences in their action, mainly connected with their binding affinity to tubulin, sensitivity of cancer lines to the drugs, gene expression induction, which may indicate a different mechanism of action of both drugs. The present work was focused on specific character and differences in action of Taxotere and Taxol on subsequent mitotic phases, amount of chromosome aberration and micronuclei, and on ultrastructure of meristematic cells of Allium cepa. Analysis of the mitotic index following treatment with Taxol and Taxotere revealed differences in their effect on mitotic activity of cells and changes in chromosome morphology. Taxol inhibited cell divisions and caused changes in chromosome morphology, having however no mutagenic character. Treatment with Taxotere did not inhibit cell divisions, but it caused accumulation of a large number of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei. The drugs showed similar effectiveness in arresting cells at G2/M phase and led to higher heterochromatinization of cell nuclei, partial degradation of mitochondria, which may largely affect the energetic state of cells.
Extracellular vesicles: Unraveling their physiology and role in cancer

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been thoroughly studied from different physiological contexts and now there are strong evidences that they play an important role in cancer. They have a bimodal role in cancer wherein they can manipulate the local and systemic environment to aid in cancer growth and dissemination as well as program the immune system to elicit an anti-tumor response. The amount of information on their formation, nature of cargo contained within them and horizontal communication of different types of cancer EVs has expanded considerably in recent years. Herein, we discuss biogenesis, physiological functions and contents of exosomes as well as their contribution to tumorigenesis.
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group 3 as pathogen of potato and its sensitivity to seed-fungicides

šAFRáNKOVá, I. : rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group 3 as pathogen of potato and its sensitivity to seed-fungicides. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun. , 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 67-74 R. solani (Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk) isolated from the sclerotia from the potatoes belongs to anastomose group 3 (AG 3), defined as the “potato type”. The present study shows the results of research into the efficiency of the seed-fungicides on R. solani (AG 3) isolates from various regions (12) of the Czech Republic. In addition to registered seed-fungicides we also tested the unregistered preparation Prestige 290 FS (pencycuron + imidacloprid). Our objective was to test the efficiency of the seed-fungicides on R. solani isolates and the sensitivity, or resistance, of the isolates to registered and unregistered seed-fungicides and/or to the active ingredients mancozeb, tolclofos-methyl, pencycuron and carboxin + thiram, and to the unregistered combination of the pencycuron + imidacloprid active ingeriens. Rhizoctonia solani, anastomosis groups, fungicides Ročník LII 5 Číslo 1, 2004 67 R. solani (Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk) is a fungus host-specific for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.); it has a negative affect on uniform emergence, increases the occurrence of gaps in the stand, reduces tuber yields and quality, especially the proportion of very small or oversized tubers (BANVILLE 1989; CARLING et al. 1989; HIDE & HORROCKS 1994). Primarily the mycelium infects the underground parts of the plant, causes crateriform necroses of roots, stolons and stems, and forms sclerotia on the tubers. The sclerotia can then survive in the soil and on the infested tubers (OGOSHI 1987, CARLING et al. 1989). R. solani isolated from the sclerotia belongs to anastomose group 3 (AG 3), defined as the “potato type”, and the members of which can attack both the aboveground and underground parts of the potato plant. The present study shows the results of research into the efficiency of the seed-fungicides on R. solani (AG 3) isolates from various regions of the Czech Republic. In addition to registered seed-fungicides we also tested the unregistered preparation Prestige 290 FS (pencycuron + imidacloprid). Our objective was to test the efficiency of the seed-fungicides on R. solani isolates and the sensitivity, or resistance, of the isolates to registered and unregistered seedfungicides and/or to the active ingrediens mancozeb, tolclofos-methyl, pencycuron and carboxin + thiram, and to the unregistered combination of the pencycuron + imidacloprid active ingrediens. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2000 and 2001 we collected R. solani sclerotia (51 isolates) from untreated tubers of various potato
Airborne measurements indicate large methane emissions from the eastern Amazon basin

Recent results from laboratory, field and remote sensing measurements suggest the presence of large methane emissions from the Amazon basin. Here we present regionally integrative, direct trace gas observations from two sites that confirm the presence of large fluxes of methane in eastern Amazônia. Air samples collected on aircraft near Santarém (2.9°S, 55.0°W) and Manaus (2.6°S, 60.0°W) in eastern and central Amazônia show large enhancements of CH4 that are not seen at the NOAA/ESRL background sites in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. From the surface to about four km, enhancements averaging 34 ppb and up to 200 ppb occur throughout the year and we calculate emissions averaging 27 mg CH4/m2/day from upwind sources.
Consumer Motivations and Cognitive Structures behind Quality Food Purchasing

The present paper presents a two stage research which aims to depict the motivations and cognitive structures of quality food consumers through the use of Means–End Chain (MEC) approach and laddering technique. Quality food entails both organic and local protected/traditional products. The first stage of the research involved a meta-analysis of published journal articles regarding the purported motivations and cognitive structures of consumers when purchasing quality food. The results show that the values and motivations identified by the various researches varied greatly, thus a thematic categorization followed in order to produce a useful conceptual framework for the analysis of quality food cognitive structures. In the second stage we validated the proposed conceptual framework through 50 laddering interviews. A discussion regarding the ability to organize the motivations and cognitive structures of various consumer groups in order to highlight and analyze shifts in consumer behaviour related to quality food, is provided.
MUTATION ON WD DIPEPTIDE MOTIFS OF THE p48 SUBUNIT OF CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTOR-1 CAUSING VIABILITY AND GROWTH OF DT40 CHICKEN B CELL LINE

Chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1), a protein complex consisting of three subunits, p150, p60, and p48, is highly conserved from yeast to humans and facilitated nucleosome assembly of newly replicated DNA. The p48 subunit, CAF-1p48 (p48), with seven WD (Trp-Asp) repeat motifs, is a member of the WD protein family. The immunoprecipitation experiment revealed that s-propeller structure of p48 was less stringent for it’s binding to HDAC-1, but more stringent for its binding to both histones H4 and CAF-1p60 but not to ASF-1, indicating that the proper s-propeller structure of p48 is essential for the binding to these two proteins histone H4 and CAF-1p60. Complementation experiments, involving missense and truncated mutants of FLAG-tagged p48, revealed that mutations of every of seven WD dipeptide motifs, like both the N-terminal and C-terminal truncated mutations, could not rescue for the tet-induced lethality. These results indicate not only that p48 is essential for the viability of vertebrate cells, although the yeast p48 homolog is nonessential, but also that all the seven WD dipeptide motifs are necessary for the maintenance of the proper structure of p48 that is fundamentally important for cell viability.