Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metalinguistic aspects of bilingual processing

This chapter examines differences in metalinguistic development between monolingual and bilingual children in terms of three subcategories: word awareness, syntactic awareness, and phonological awareness. In each case, some studies have reported advantages for bilingual children, but equally, other studies have found either no difference between the groups, or, in some cases, monolingual advantages. In the discussion of each of these areas, the kinds of tasks for which bilingual and monolingual children perform differently are identified. In none of these three subcategories of metalinguistic awareness do bilingual children exhibit a uniform and consistent advantage over monolinguals. An alternate conception of metalinguistic ability is proposed in which two cognitive processes, analysis and control, are directly responsible for task performance. These processes are involved in all metalinguistic tasks but to different degrees. Re-examining the results in this way reveals that bilingual advantages occur reliably on tasks that make high demands on control but are not evident in tasks that make high demands on analysis. The implications of this pattern for metalinguistic ability are considered.
ELECTRON CONFINEMENT AND SINGLE ELECTRON EFFECTS IN METALLIC AND SEMICONDUCTING NANO-CLUSTERS

We review our recent transport measurements on metallic (Au, Pt, Pd) and semiconducting (CdSe) nanoclusters using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We have developed special tips for STM containing both a tunneling tip as well as a gate electrode. This allows field-effect measurements on arbitrary nanoclusters.
Generalized Petri Nets축소 의 구현

generalized Petri Nets의 축소방법을 prolog-1을 이용하여 구현한 논문이며 petri nets의 축소방법중 generalized reducible subnets(GRSN) [2] rule을 이용 하였다. Petri Nets을 축소하는 근본적인 목적은 시스템분석의 복잡도를 줄이므로 시스템의 검증과분석을 보다 쉽게 할 수 있게 하며, 축소방법은 Petri Nets의 구조, 즉 정적인 방법으로 축소를 하므로 reducible nets을 test하기가 쉽다.
Media knowledge and media menus as cultural capital and distinctive features

The article presents the results of an empirical study concerning media use in Germany. The author determined six different media use typologies such as: The two criteria were work orientation in the use of media and the importance of media services in everyday life. Bourdieu’s theory on social, cultural, economic and symbolic capital is used as a theoretical background together with some classical framework on the analysis of media use. I would like to provide an answer to the question regarding why the range of different media types is dominating the everyday life in modern societies not only in Germany (see Figure 1), but also in Romania, where an average citizen watches TV just under four hours a day (see Balaban 2007). 198
Optoelectronic Analysis of Knee Motions During Gait in Stroke Patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate EMG activities of quadriceps and hamistring muscles and the knee joint motions of both affected and non-affected sides in stroke patients during gait. Thirty stroke patients participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 47 to 61 years old with a mean of 52.8 ± 3.84. They were complaining from stroke from three to 13 months with a mean of 8.2 ± 2.83. All patients were assessed for range of motion of both knees by the use of Optoelectronic motion analysis system and EMG activities of quadriceps and hamistring muscles of both sides during gait by the use of kinesiological EMG. The results of this study showed a statistically significant difference in the mean peak values of knee flexion between both sides during stance and swing phases and a highly statistically significant difference in the mean values of the least degree of the knee flexion between both sides during stance with a non significant difference during swing phase. Concerning the EMG activity of quadriceps muscles, there was a statistically significant difference between both sides during stance with a non significant difference between them during swing phase. There was a highly statistically significant difference the EMG activity of hamistrings muscles between both sides during stance and swing phases. Therefore, assessment of the knee joint motion synchronized with EMG during gait should be considered in the rehabilitation and prognosis of stroke patients.
Predictive Value of Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Accident and Its Relation to Atherosclerosis of Carotid Arteries

Introduction: Atherosclerosis plays an essential role in the etiopathogenesis of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (iCVA). A chronic inflammatory process shares significantly in its development. Among the inflammation indices, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been considered an independent risk factor of stroke, predictor of a more severe affection, relapses as well as other cardiovascular disorders. The research aimed at judging the effects of hsCRP on the severity of iCVA in the acute phase, the relation to the iCVA subtypes, atherosclerosis of carotid arteries, and its possible predictive value. A set of patients and methods: The plasma hsCRP levels were determined in 110 probands (66 men, 44 women, mean age 61.5 ± 9.9 years) in the acute phase of iCVA. The accident severity was evaluated according to NIHSS criteria. A set was divided, according to etiology, into three groups (atherothrombotic – AT, embolic arterio-arterial – EA, cardioembolic – EC ictuses) and according to the degree of atherosclerotic affection of carotid arteries (< 30 %, 30–69 %, ≥ 70 %). Three months after the acute phase of the disease hsCRP was examined in 78 probands (44 men, 34 women). A control group (CG) consisted of 58 healthy subjects (32 men, 26 women, mean age 57.1 ± 9.9 years). Results: If compared with CG, higher levels of hsCRP were revealed in: (1) probands in the acute phase (p < 0.0001), (2) patients with NIHSS < 10 (p = 0.001) as well as NIHSS ≥ 10 (p < 0.0001), (3) subtype of AT stroke (p < 0.0001), less in EC (p = 0.01) and EA (p = 0.01), (4) degrees of carotid stenoses < 30 % (p = 0.008), 30–69 % (p = 0.004) and ≥ 70 % (p = 0.001), (5) probands after three months (p < 0.0001). No difference was found with regard to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Conclusion: The study has confirmed the connection of higher hsCRP levels in the acute phase of iCVA and severity of a neurological deficit as well as that of higher hsCRP levels and carotid artery atherosclerosis. proLékaře. cz | 14.6. 2019
BALTIC REGION STATES TO MARKET CYCLE CHANGES

A non-linear change process is a specific feature of a poorly regulated market economy. However, many researchers have shown that different economic sectors do not respond to market cycles in a similar way. Regional economic systems are a combination of many sectors, therefore a hypothesis about the correlation between the stability of regional economies and market cycles is examined. The study is conducted using the Baltic countries (hereinafter referred to as Greater Baltic Region, GBR) as an example. GBR countries have been classified into highly stable, relatively stable, unstable, and highly unstable based on the study of the stability of national economies to global cycle processes. The GDP dynamics of the countries were compared to GDP cycles of the US and the EU, which are the main financial centres. To understand the reasons, the sectoral structure of GDP is additionally considered. The results allow the author to classify of GBR countries according to the structure of economic sectors and the stability of the regional economy.
DELIVERING EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS AND TREATING DRUG-RELATED AND FEMALE OFFENDERS

Criminal justice policy makers and practitioners have the lead role in managing prison populations, delivering community-based corrections and treating offenders. Because of the enormous social and economic costs to society, crime control continues to present a serious challenge for many countries. Internationally, changes in legal definitions coupled with reduced public tolerance for crime and focused media attention have led to increases in sanctioning both custodial and noncustodial of offenders over the last decade.
KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITIES IN GREY

The dynamic nature of modern human social interactions, and the increasing capability of wireless and mobile devices for creating and sharing contents, open up the opportunity for a wide dissemination of information through complex knowledge sharing systems. As the shared knowledge components build cognitive ties, there is no real sharing of knowledge without a common understanding of it. In this article, particular emphasis is laid on technologies in Natural Language understanding and knowledge management for providing structured, intelligent access to the continuously evolving content, generated on-line in a pervasive collaborative environment. In detail, robust automated techniques for term extraction and knowledge acquisition are used to tap the information density and the global coherence of text excerpts sampled from both generalpurpose and subject-specific social networks. We show empirically that the two sources may exhibit considerable differences in terms of content accessibility and informativeness. Topics: Subject based Communities; Social Networking
Recent upward trends in highway fatality statistics, Federal legislation

ABSTRACT An analysis was made of the extent to which the safety characteristics of new vehicles affect consumer purchase decisions. Using an extensive data set that combines vehicle data collected by the Automobile Club f Southern California Target Car Program with the responses from a national household survey of new car buyers, a statistical model of vehicle type choice was estimated. The basic finding from the analysis is that individuals do express a demand for safety. Holding constant all other factors that influence a consumer's vehicle purchase decision, a safer vehicle is found to increase the probability of purchase. Arong the specific findings of the anal'sis are the following: (1) an index of crashworthiness is a strong determinant of purchase decisions; (2) passive restraint systems enhance the likelihood of purchase of a given model; (3) safety-related recalls in the previous year are found to produce a positive effect on purchase behavior; (4) longer vehicles offer more crash protection to the occupants and increase the likelihood of purchase; and (5) other characteristics found to be important are purchase price and fuel costs, interior comfort and roominess, performance, and brand loyalty. (33 references.) (KC)
Multi-camera calibration for 3DBOS

Backgroung Oriented Schlieren (BOS) is a Schlieren-like method that can be used as a 3D quantitative method for measuring density in 3D flows. This can be done providing that there are enough points of view, at least 10, and that an accurate calibration of the multi-camera bench is available. We present here a study of multi-camera calibration for 3DBOS. We use a simple printed flat plate with a dotted regular pattern as calibration body (CB). The main issues are the workload, because there are several hundred of images, and the blurring effect. The blur affects the images of the CB when it is positioned in the common part of the fields of views of the cameras. It can not be avoided because of illumination limitation. We present practical solutions and results for both issues. A GPU implementation allows to complete the calibration of a system with 12 cameras in less than 30mn. We also propose an uncertainty analysis using the jackknife method. It is shown that the uncertainty of the estimation of the horizontal field of view (HFoV) is 0.04°. Moreover, HFoV is nearly identical for all cameras and quasi equal to the theoretical value.
Considerations Concerning a Methodology for Musical Robotics and Human-Robot Interaction

Robot technology is increasingly employed in artistic (musical) applications and as modeling tool for the investigation of general cognitive abilities and music related behavior in particular. Apart from the specifications of required system behavior and technological aspects o f system design/implementation, problems occur concerning the evaluation of the systems. In recent approaches, techniques such as collecting informal reports, perceptual tests, video-based observational studies, or rating scales have been employed. Questions arise, however, as to the reliability and validity of these measures, and the lack of standardization diminishes the comparability of different studies. To attack these problems, we regard the paradigm of systematic observation as one suitable approach to study musical human-robot behavior. In a pilot study, observers were asked to assign labels to sequences of robot movements exhibiting features derived from expressive movements of musicians. Taking into account the implications of these remarks for the design of investigations, the generality of results may still be limited, e.g. by the choice of participants. As long as results of this kind cannot be integrated into a coherent theoretical framework, these considerations may run counter to recent attempts to use musical behavior as a testing field for principles underlying more general cognitive abilities/processes.
Design of a Framework for Side- Channel Attacks on RFID-Tags Entwicklung eines Frameworks fur

RFID systems are not yet typical targets for side-channel attacks, although they are just as likely vulnerable as their contact-based counterparts. Based on a real world scenario, a framework to assist execution of such attacks on RFID systems is developed resulting in a powerful and versatile framework that is already used to analyze the results of basic measurement setups. These results are sufficient to reveal concrete power traces, but due to deficient measurement setups, power analysis attacks were impossible. However, measurement setups were not part of the thesis and the functionality of the framework could be successfully verified using simulated traces. These also yielded requirements for such measurement setups in which the carrier impact needs to be drastically reduced in order to allow any practical DPA attack. Such a setup seems however practical and future work is likely to show such attacks. Zusammenfassung RFID-Systeme waren bisher kein typisches Ziel für Seitenkanalangriffe, obwohl sie dafür vermutlich genauso anfällig sind, wie ihre kontaktbasierten Pendants. Anhand eines realen Szenarios entstand im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein leistungsstarkes und vielseitiges Framework zur Unterstützung der Durchführung solcher Angriffe auf RFID-Systeme. Es wurde bereits zur Analyse von Aufzeichnungen einfacher Messaufbauten eingesetzt und die daraus gewonnenen Ergebnisse reichen aus, um konkrete Stromprofile aufzudecken. Aufgrund der mangelhaften Messaufbauten, die jedoch nicht Teil dieser Arbeit waren, waren Stromverbrauchsanalyse-Angriffe unmöglich. Die Funktionalität des Frameworks konnte allerdings mittels simulierter Stromprofil-Traces erfogreich verifiziert werden. Diese ergaben darüber hinaus Anforderungen an Messaufbauten für derartige Angriffe: Um überhaupt einen praktischen DPA Angriff zuzulassen, müsste der Einfluss des Trägersignals in den Aufzeichnungen drastisch reduziert werden. Solch ein Messaufbau erscheint allerdings durchaus realistisch, weswegen zukünftige Arbeiten zu dem Thema sicherlich solche Angriffe aufzeigen werden.
Acute exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field impairs consolidation of spatial memory in rats

This study was planned to evaluate the effect of an exposure to magnetic fields on consolidation and retrieval of hippocampus dependent spatial memory using a water maze. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats were trained in a hidden version (spatial) of water maze task with two blocks of four trials. The retention of spatial memory was evaluated 48 h later. Exposure to a 50 Hz 8 mT, but not 2 mT magnetic fields for 20 min immediately after training impaired retention performance. The same time exposure shortly before retention testing had no effect. In Experiment 3, rats were trained in a cued version of water maze with two blocks of four trials. Exposure to magnetic field at 8 mT for 20 min immediately after training did not impair retention performance. These findings indicate that acute exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field at 8 mT for short time can impair consolidation of spatial memory. 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory and Supervisory Islamic Banking: Evidence from Pakistan, Malaysia, Bahrain, and the UK

This study critically analyzes the regulatory and supervisory frameworks that govern Islamic banks in the dual banking systems of Pakistan, Malaysia, Bahrain, and the UK. We discuss their core regulatory functions and find that conflicting views among Islamic jurists and policymakers have aggravated shariarelated problems. Over the years, the regulatory framework in each country has developed in a certain way. Malaysia and Bahrain have established indigenous governance systems. Islamic banks in the UK still fall under the conventional setup, while in Pakistan, they are governed by an orthodox regulatory framework combined with an evolving Islamic banking regulatory system. However, the effectiveness of the existing regulatory frameworks has never been fully tested by the nascent Islamic banking industry, which remains very conservative.
Type of presentation: Poster

Email of the presenting author: l.vicarelli@tudelft.nl Black phosphorus (BP) is an allotrope of Phosphorus characterized by a layered structure. It has been recently shown [1] that, similarly to graphene, it can be mechanically exfoliated to isolate atomically thin layers which have very interesting electrical and photonic properties. Single-layer BP is in fact an intrinsic semiconductor with a direct bandgap (~2 eV) and it has been employed in the fabrication of field-effect transistors with large current on-off ratios and high mobilities (100-3000 cm2/Vs) [1]. Given the rising interest in this layered material, an extensive TEM analysis of few-layer BP was performed [2]. We have investigated the Electron Diffraction (ED) pattern of few-layer black phosphorus transferred on a holey Silicon Nitride membrane with 1 μm holes diameter (see Figure 1(a)). An HRTEM image from a multilayer area of the sample is shown in Figure 1(b). The uniformity in this image indicates that the lattice contains no extended defects (single vacancies cannot be detected). We found that electron diffraction patterns depend on the number of layers and thus ED can be employed to determine the thickness of the BP flakes. We simulated electron diffraction patterns finding that the ratio between the 101 and 200 reflections depends on the number of black phosphorus: in particular this ratio is > 1 for single layer BP and decreases rapidly with the number of layers. The table shown in Figure 2 summarizes the simulated 101/200 intensity ratios for different number of layers, together with the experimental data acquired. Figure 3(a) and 3(b) show an ED taken from a thin region and a thick region of the flake, with 101/200 intensity ratios of 0.4 and 0.01, respectively. We also noticed the presence of “forbidden” reflections (h+l = 2n+1) in the thin sample, which was not accounted in our simulations. This could be explained by the presence of adatoms on the surface of the black phosphorus layer or a slight distortion of the lattice. References: [1] Li, L. ; Yu, Y. ; Ye, G. J.; Ge, Q. ; Ou, X. ; Wu, H. ; Feng, D. ; Chen, X. H. ; Zhang, Y. Preprint at arXiv:1401.4117 (2014) [2] “Isolation and characterization of few-layer black phosphorus”, Castellanos-Gomez, Andres; Vicarelli, Leonardo; Prada, Elsa; Island, Joshua O. ; Narasimha-Acharya, K. L. ; Blanter, Sofya I. ; Groenendijk, Dirk J.; Buscema, Michele; Steele, Gary A. ; Alvarez, J. V. ; Zandbergen, Henny W. ; Palacios, J. J.; van der Zant, Herre S. J. Preprint at arXiv 1403.0499 (2014)
Determination of the Substrate Specificity of Citrus paradisi Flavonol Specific 3O-Glucosyltransferase Mutant

Plants produce a vast array of secondary metabolites. A group of phenolic compounds, the flavonoids, are metabolites ubiquitous among plants and are known to aid in processes such as plant reproduction, UV defense, pigmentation and development. In relation to human health, flavonoids have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. Flavonoid’s ability to participate in so many interactions is due in part to their subclass variation and further chemical modification. One such modification is glucosylation, where a glucose molecule is added to the flavonoid substrate. The enzymes that catalyze these reactions are known as glucosyltransferases (GT). Citrus paradisi contains a glucosyltransferase that is specific for adding glucose to the 3-O position of flavonols (Cp-F3-O-GT). To further understand the reactions it catalyzes, Cp-F3-O-GT structure was modeled against an anthocyanidin/flavonol 3-O-GT found in Vitis vinifera to identify candidate amino acids for mutations. Mutants were then generated using site-directed mutagenesis, and one mutant, D344P, was constructed by an aspartate being replaced with a proline. Biochemical characterization of the mutant D344P protein was performed in order to determine whether the mutation has an effect on the substrate specificity of Cp3O-GT. An initial quick-screening assay using radioactive UDP-glucose as a sugar donor suggested there may have been an expansion of substrate acceptance. The time course assays did not support observation. Additionally, results show that D344P protein has decreased activity with flavonols as compared to the wild-type Cp3-O-GT. with no expansion of substrate specificity. Homology models supported experimental results.
Pengetahuan pedagogi isi kandungan guru matematik bagitajuk pecahan: Kajian kes di sekolah rendah

The purpose of this study was to answer the three main questions: (a) what are the conceptual understanding of new and experienced teachers regarding fraction? , (b) how do the new and experienced teachers teach fraction to students? , and (c) what are the common misconceptions of fraction among primary school students? The three questions are closely related to the three main elements of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PPIK). PPIK is the content knowledge and the delivery skill that a teaher is supposed to acquire. This case study examined eight primary mathematic teachers (four new and four experienced teachers). Data were collected through interview, observation and document analysis. Concept mapping and repertoire grid techniques were also utilised to unravel the teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge. This study found that most new mathematic teachers deliver fundamental and operational concepts of fraction based on their instrumental understanding. The teaching conducted was mainly teacher-centred and procedural in nature. Some were using symbols and abstract terms. For experienced mathematic teachers, some of them possess relational understanding and thus, their teaching was based mainly on conceptual understanding. Nevertheless, there are several experienced mathematic teachers who possess instrumental understanding and teach procedurally using symbols and abstract terms.