Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solar Array Arcing Mitigation for Polar Low-Earth Orbit Spacecraft

Electrostatic discharge for polar low-Earth-orbit (LEO) spacecraft is a relatively new and unexplored issue. Discharge mechanisms for LEO spacecraft are significantly different from those encountered in high Earth orbits, and seemingly few designers of new, high-voltage small satellites are aware of the differences between the two environments. Polar-LEO spacecraft encounter both plasma-induced arcing risks (at equatorial latitudes) as well as differential surface charging risks (over auroral zones): two different issues that require very different design techniques to address. There do not appear to be any comprehensive guidelines in the open literature that polar-LEO spacecraft designers can use to avoid the potentially catastrophic risk of arcing in high-voltage satellites. The issue of spacecraft charging and electrostatic discharge (ESD) in the low-Earth orbit environment is discussed, in the context of satellite power system design. Options for controlling spacecraft charging and for preventing trigger and sustained arcs between high-voltage conductors are presented. These guidelines have been used to size solar panels for the upcoming Canadian Maritime Monitoring and Messaging Microsatellite (M3MSat)—a highly capable mission with relatively high power demand—which is used as a design example. It is concluded that ESD issues for polar LEO spacecraft are both challenging and subtle, and demand careful attention from engineers early in the de-
Effects of oxygen-reducing atmosphere annealing on LaMnO3 epitaxial thin films

We investigated the effects of annealing on LaMnO3 epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and propose an efficient method of characterizing their stoichiometry. Structural, magnetic and optical properties coherently indicate non-stoichiometric ferromagnetic and semiconducting phases for as-grown LaMnO3 films. By annealing in an oxygen-reducing atmosphere, we recovered the antiferromagnetic and insulating phases of bulk-like stoichiometric LaMnO3. We show that non-destructive optical spectroscopy at room temperature is one of the most convenient tools for identifying the phases of LaMnO3 films. Our results serve as a prerequisite for studying LaMnO3 based heterostructures grown by PLD.
Guiding Family-Based Obesity Prevention Efforts in Low-Income Children in the United States. Part I: What Determinants Do We Target?

The current study aims to provide a descriptive summary of the current state of empirical evidence for behavioral determinants related to pediatric overweight in low-income children that can be influenced by families. Pubmed and PsychINFO databases were searched for the period of March 2003-April 2006. Data from trend, mechanistic, observational and prevention studies were extracted on participant age and income, and study design and findings. Conclusion statements were formulated with respect to strength of evidence supporting the association of each determinant with overweight. Evidence supported the addition of three new determinants to the existing list of nine: dietary energy density, sleep duration and parenting style. Sufficient evidence from the four types of studies was lacking for food variety, portion size and stress. Combined with other recent reviews, there is current evidence to support a total of 12 family-modified determinants of pediatric overweight. A relative lack of attention on low-income families and children was also noted. This review represents an integral first step in guiding future efforts toward identification of low-income children participating in USDA’s food assistance and education programs who are at highest risk for becoming overweight.
Effects of colours and forms of trees on visual perceptions.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of colour on the perception of tree forms and the effects of personal characteristics of the participants on their preferences. The students of science studies, medical science and social science of Duzce University, Turkey, participated in the study (n=159). The participants were asked to evaluate 5 different tree forms which were drawn by hand and coloured with 8 different colours by semantic differential method. According to the results obtained, pyramid-formed trees were preferred most and colour had a strong effect on the preferences of tree forms. Bright green trees were found to have the highest visual quality while blue-coloured trees the highest strength. Again, the results obtained in this study indicate that personal characteristics are effective on preferences of tree forms and colours.
Genetic Networks Described in Stochastic Pi Machine (SPiM) Programming Language: Compositional Design

If biological objects are created by natural selection, why are they composed of discrete modules? What has been the nature of mutations since the Darwinian epoch? This paper presents examples of genetic circuits in terms of stochastic -calculus; a new mathematical language for nanosystems. The author used a constructor of five elements such as decay, null gate, gene product, and negative and positive gates. These primitives were applied to design genetic switches, oscillators, feedforward and feedback loops, pulse generators, memory elements, and combinatorial logics. The behaviors of those circuits were investigated – functions, such as oscillations or a spontaneous pulse generation were performed simply, flip-flops between stable states occurred in the noisy environment. The modular essence of -calculus and the following up features of Stochastic Pi Machine (SPiM) programming language allowed us to change the topology of networks that resembled a gene exchange in nature. Other types of mutations were considered as variations in parameters. Perturbations modified system behavior in unpredictable ways that generated diversity for a possible future design by selection of appropriative variants.
Cost Structure, Efficiency and Heterogeneity in US Higher Education: An Empirical Analysis

We estimate a variety of models to evaluate costs in US higher education institutions. A novel feature of our approach involves the estimation of latent class and random parameter stochastic frontier models of the multiproduct cost function. This allows us fully to accommodate both the heterogeneity of institutions and the presence of technical inefficiencies. Our findings suggest that global economies could be achieved by effecting a reduction in the number of institutions providing undergraduate instruction, while increasing the number of institutions engaged in postgraduate activity.
RFID Indoor Localization Techniques

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technique using two-way radio transmission pattern to transmit information through the device of interrogator (also called reader) and tag. It is considered to be one of the most popular techniques for internet of things (IOT). In this chapter, the authors study indoor localization techniques based on passive UHF RFID, which works around the frequency of 900MHz. Passive RFID has the advantage of reasonable reading distance, non-contact, easy deployment, and low cost. The tags do not need battery and it can harvest power through wireless charging. Due to those advantages, passive UHF RFID positioning has always been an active research area in the past few decades. This chapter discusses the key techniques in passive UHF RFID positioning, which include range-based, range-free, tag-based (device-based), tag-free (device-free), and improved positioning methods. All the techniques studied are suited to be implemented in RFID systems, each of which can be accommodated to a specific application scenario.
The Formation of Living and Non-Living Superordinate Concepts as a Function of Individual Differences

A differential approach of concepts formation considers that concepts can derive from similarity and contextual relations, their involvement varying according to individuals and domains. The following experiment was designed to test this differential hypothesis. Session 1 investigated individual differences in 3 year-old children with a matching task contrasting a thematic match and a basic-level taxonomic match. In spite of a taxonomic bias, children's sensitivity to each relation ordered on a taxonomic-thematic continuum. In session 2, taxonomic performances in superordinate categorization were analyzed as a function of children's sensitivity and objects domain. Children most sensitive to basic level taxonomic relations categorized better living things than non-living things at the superordinate level. On the contrary, no difference between domains was observed for children most sensitive to thematic relations. Moreover, superordinate performances for living things appeared correlated to choices in session 1, unlike for non-living things. Overall, results supported a differential approach of conceptual development.
Chemical Solution of Calcium carbonate in Sea Water

Sea water must be undersaturated for chemical solution of calcium carbonate to occur. A practical criterion for undersaturation is shown to be (Ca2+) (CO32-) < K'SP, where K'SP is the apparent (stoichiometric) solubility product. The calculations used in conjunction with this rule are outlined. The factors which affect K'SP are examined. These factors are temperature, salinity, pressure, crystal structure, mineral composition, particle size, adsorption of ions such as magnesium, chelation, and formation of ion pairs. The ion concentration product is affected by temperature, pressure, salinity, solution and precipitation of carbonates, and changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Oceanic data that reflect the effects of many of these factors are presented. Possible effects of the degree of saturation and of turbulence on the rate of solution of calcium carbonate are examined.
Interactive comment on “Emission of monoterpenes from European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) as a function of light and temperature” by T. Dindorf et al

We are grateful for the referee’s comments. Overall the referee was extraordinary concerned about the representativeness of our measurements as well as our experimental setup in general. However, we strongly disagree with the referee’s comments and we would like to object to the notation “non-serious publication”. Unfortunately, some of the referee’s comments are extremely difficult to answer since several misinterpretations occurred. In case of some of his criticism we have the impression that he overlooked important experimental details (especially see the darkening experiment, point 13) or ignores common ways of data evaluation and calculation (see determination of the standard emission factor, point 11).
Comparing effect of some herbal medicines extract with metronidazole for treatment of trichomoniasis in birds

Trichomonas gallinae is the flagellated protozoan parasite belongs to the category of zoomastigophorea, and order of trichomonadida. This parasite is located in the upper section of the gastrointestinal tract of numerous birds such as pigeons, chickens, eagles. Nitroimidazole compounds are carcinogenic, therefore is prohibited their use in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 6 herbals medicine extract on Trichomonas gallinae in vitro. The effect of different concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml) of extracts of Quercus Persica, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, Myrtus commuis, Zataria multiflora, Rosmarinus officinalis was compared with metronidazole in 2, 4, 6, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours after treating using trypan blue and eosin staining as vital stain. Sensitive of T. gallinae to the oak extract 2 mg/mL in 2 hours was more than the others and was close to the effect of metronidazole. In contrast to garlic extract did not show any sensitivity. The effect of the other extracts was between two mentioned extract. According to the results, the most effective extract on the trichomonas parasite was the oak fruit extract and then the rosemary extract. It is suggested, the study is also examined in vivo and if it was effective, used for the treatment of trichomoniasis in birds after the complementary studies.
Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) adjust vigilance behaviour according to environmental characteristics of their surrounding

Predation risk can strongly affect behaviour of preys, and natural selection should have favoured the evolution of behavioural plasticity in the strategies used to avoid predation. The level of predation risk can be affected by environmental characteristics and we expect individuals to adjust vigilance behaviour to the level of risk. In this study we investigate if Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) living in an area delimited by the forest and with scarce visibility (Closed Site) differ in their vigilance behaviour from marmots inhabiting an open meadow further away from the forest edge and with greater visibility (Open Site). The rate of vigilance and the time spent vigilant in the Closed Site were higher than in the Open Site, while the mean duration of each vigilance bout did not differ between the two sites. Our results suggest that Alpine marmots adjust vigilance behaviour according to the environmental characteristics of their surroundings while there appears to exist an optimal duration of scan bouts which is independent of relative predation risk.
The applications of massive parallel sequencing (next-generation sequencing) in research and molecular diagnosis of human genetic diseases

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a high throughput sequencing technology, which has revolutionized both basic and clinical research of the human genetic disorders. This technology is also called massively parallel sequencing (MPS) due to its ability to generate a huge amount of output data in a cost- and time-effective manner. NGS is widely utilized for different sequencing applications such as targeted sequencing (a group of candidate genes), exome sequencing (all coding regions), and whole genome sequencing (the entire human genome). With NGS, a variety of genomic aberrations can be screened simultaneously such as common and rare variants, structural variations (amplifications and deletion), copy-number variation, and fusion transcripts. NGS technologies combined with advanced bioinformatic analysis have tremendously expanded our knowledge. On the one hand, the basic research area involves direct use of NGS to identify novel variations and determine human disease mechanisms. On the other hand, clinical research is being advanced by high-throughput genetic tests with high resolution and clinically relevant genetic information for molecular diagnoses of human disorders. In this communication, we introduce NGS technologies and review a few key areas where NGS has made a significant impact, with an emphasis on the application of NGS to the identification of the molecular bases of human genetic diseases.
QoS-Aware Matching of Edge Computing Services to Internet of Things

Edge computing is a new paradigm of computing, which aims at enhancing user experience by bringing computing resources closer to where data is produced by Internet of Things (IoT). Cloudlets, additional infrastructure components nearby users, facilitate edge services to decrease latency and network traffic. IoT users require edge services for their applications meeting a strict quality of service (QoS). A key challenge is how to efficiently match cloudlets to IoT applications to enable a convenient any-time access to edge computing services. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing novel two-sided matching solutions for edge services considering QoS requirements in terms of service response time. The matching mechanisms enhance the quality of experience of the users. In addition, we determine dynamic pricing of the edge services based on preferences and incentives of cloudlets, IoT users, and the system. The proposed matchings are Pareto-efficient, incentive compatible, weakly budget balanced, and computationally efficient. We perform a comprehensive assessment through extensive performance analysis experiments to evaluate our proposed matching and pricing solutions.
Phosphorus burial in the ocean over glacial-interglacial time scales

Abstract. The role of nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), and their impact on primary productivity and the fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 over glacial-interglacial periods are intensely debated. Suggestions as to the importance of P evolved from an earlier proposal that P actively participated in changing productivity rates and therefore climate change, to most recent ones that changes in the glacial ocean inventory of phosphorus were important but not influential if compared to other macronutrients, such as nitrate. Using new data coming from a selection of ODP sites, we analyzed the distribution of oceanic P sedimentary phases and calculate reactive P burial fluxes, and we show how P burial fluxes changed over the last glacial-interglacial period at these sites. Concentrations of reactive P are generally lower during glacial times, while mass accumulation rates (MAR) of reactive P show higher variability. If we extrapolate for the analyzed sites, we may assume that in general glacial burial fluxes of reactive P are lower than those during interglacial periods by about 8%, because the lack of burial of reactive P on the glacial shelf reduced in size, was apparently not compensated by burial in other regions of the ocean. Using the calculated changes in P burial, we evaluate their possible impact on the phosphate inventory in the world oceans. Using a simple mathematical approach, we find that these changes alone could have increased the phosphate inventory of glacial ocean waters by 17–40% compared to interglacial stages. Variations in the distribution of sedimentary P phases at the investigated sites seem to indicate that at the onset of interglacial stages, shallower sites experienced an increase in reactive P concentrations, which seems to point to P-richer waters at glacial terminations. All these findings would support the Shelf-Nutrient Hypothesis, which assumes that during glacial low stands nutrients are transferred from shallow sites to deep sea with possible feedback on the carbon cycle.
Chemical and microbiological evaluation of plain and fruit yoghurt in Khartoum State, Sudan.

The present study was carried out to evaluate market yoghurt for selected chemical and microbiological properties and to compare it with the international standards regarding those quality parameters. The experiment was done at the Laboratory of the Dairy Production Department, Faculty of Animal Production in University of Khartoum. One hundred and forty-four commercially produced yoghurt samples were obtained from retail outlets in Khartoum State during the period from September to November 2005. The samples included ninetysix plain yoghurt representing local modern manufacturers coded A, B and C beside traditional producers coded T, also fortyeight fruit yoghurt samples from two manufacturers coded AF and BF. All these samples were collected from three towns in Khartoum State (Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman) to assure that all manufacturers were well
Regional Integration in South Asia: An Analysis of Trade Flows Using the Gravity Model

The study deals with trade benefits from the free trade agreement of the SAARC countries. It assesses the trade potential and trade creation with member and non-member countries. The gravity model has been used to measure the bilateral trade flows and to assess the trade effect for member and non-member countries. Two analyses estimate the gravity model. The first analysis is based on cross-sectional data to capture the trade effect individually each year; and the second analysis utilises the pooled data to measure the overall trade effects and trade flows for the period 2003 to 2008. The results from the two approaches show that estimated coefficients are consistent with the model assumptions. Both analyses show that the regional trade agreement of the SAARC countries could divert the trade for member countries as well as for the non-member countries. However, trade volume will increase only if the major partners (Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka) sign regional trade agreements.
The definition of productive reservoirs by the method of fuzzy inference

The lithological classification and allocation of reservoirs are based on the difference of physical and geophysical parameters of rocks. Finding the values of physical and geophysical parameters in some ranges makes it possible to predict the lithology of the formation. The class of information systems based on fuzzy logic provides an effective use of existing knowledge about a certain object. This allows to apply fuzzy logic in intelligent systems of interpretation of well geophysical research materials.
METAPHORICAL FORCES OF EXPRESSIONS IN LETTERS TO THE EDITORS IN BAHASA INDONESIA

This study focuses on the metaphorical forces conveyed in the metaphorical expressions used in the letters to the editors, which are considered as the second- order meaning. Classified into existential, quantitative, qualitative, directional, spatial, motion, and temporal, these forces imply living experiences showing the existence, development, quality, movement, and space and time used by humans in their lives in the world. The experiences built in the mind are activated when language is used. Keywords: metaphors, metaphorical forces, metaphorical expressions, second order of meaning
LANDASAN KONSEPTUAL PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGANMUSEUM SITUS GUNUNG GAMPING EOSEN SEBAGAI REVITALISASI KAWASAN CAGAR ALAM DAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG GAMPING, AMBARKETAWANG, SLEMAN

Berdasarkan penelitian Prof. Gerth tahun 1929 dan Purnamaningsih tahun 1972, sampel batuan gamping pada situs Gunung Gamping yang terletak di kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Gamping, Ambarketawang, Sleman, mengandung fosil-fosil laut yang berumur epoh Eosen. Eosen sendiri merupakan salah satu zaman pada masa kenozoikum sekitar 56,7 juta-35,5 juta tahun yang lalu. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa situs Gunung Gamping ini merupakan batuan gamping tertua di Pulau Jawa jika dibandingkan dengan umur batuan gamping lainnya di Pulau Jawa yang rata-rata terbentuk pada epoh Miosen. Akan tetapi, karena eksploitasi karst besar-besaran yang dilakukan untuk membangun Kota Yogyakarta, situs Gunung Gamping ini hanya meninggalkan bongkahan sebesar 2m x 2m x 10m. Adapun terdapat adat yang masih sangat kental yang dilakukan masyarakat di kawasan ini untuk menghormati setan penunggu Gunung Gamping, yaitu Saparan Bekakak. Adat ini mengorbankan sepasang suami istri dalam bentuk boneka ketan dan dilakukan setiap bulan Sapar. Melihat potensi yang sangat besar, muncullah ide untuk merevitalisasi kawasan Cagar Alam dan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Gamping yang sampai sekarang belum dapat dijadikan sebagai Objek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam (ODTWA) kedalam bentuk pengadaan Museum Situs Gunung Gamping Eosen. Selain menampilkan situs eksisting Gunung Gamping, museum situs ini akan menampilkan situs Gunung Gamping yang sampai saat ini masih terpendam dibawah tanah, beberapa koleksi yang berhubungan dengan art and history kawasan, dan sampel situs batu gamping di 4 jaman pada epoh Eosen. Kemudian fungsi lainnya yaitu research center serta public and facilities area yang meliputi perpustakaan, cafe, dan souvenir. Karena kondisi alam dan kebudayaan yang masih kental, pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam desain museum situs ini adalah The Obscure: Primordial and Untouched Theory yang akan menganalisis hal-hal yang bersifat intangible dan The Role of Nature in Architectural Creativity Theory yang akan menganalisis hal-hal yang bersifat tangible.