Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining ERP Failure in Developing Countries: Development Informatics Working Paper no.45

1 A. INTRODUCTION TO ERP.2 B. RESEARCH FRAMEWORKS, FOCUS AND METHOD . 3 B1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.7 C. ERP CASE OVERVIEW AND OUTCOME.8 C1. CASE OUTCOME AND EVALUATION.9 D. EXPLAINING ERP FAILURE . 12 D1. ANALYSING THE ERP SYSTEM'S INITIAL DESIGN—REALITY GAP . 12 D2. ANALYSING DESIGN—REALITY GAPS DURING ERP IMPLEMENTATION.15 E. DISCUSSION OF CASE RECOMMENDATIONS . 19 F. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS.23 F1. IMPLICATIONS.24 REFERENCES . 25 Manchester Centre for Development Informatics Working Paper 45 Explaining ERP Failure in Developing Countries: A Jordanian Case Study Ala'a Hawari & Richard Heeks Centre for Development Informatics, IDPM, University of Manchester, UK alaa.hawari@gmail.com & richard.heeks@manchester.ac. uk
Infant TGF-Alpha Genotype, Orofacial Clefts, and Maternal Periconceptional Multivitamin Use

Objective: We previously demonstrated a strong association between periconceptional maternal cigarette smoking, infant transforming growth factor– alpha (TGFa) genotype, and risk of orofacial clefts. Because serum folate may be decreased by cigarette smoking and because maternal periconceptional use of multivitamins containing folic acid has been associated with a reduced risk of clefting, we explored whether a potential relation existed between infant TGFa genotype, maternal multivitamin use, and risk of orofacial cleft phenotypes. Design: Data were derived from a population-based case–control study of fetuses and live-born infants among a cohort of 1987 to 1989 California births (n 5 548,844). Information concerning periconceptional multivitamin use was obtained via telephone interviews with mothers of 731 (84.7% of eligible) orofacial cleft case infants, and of 734 (78.2%) nonmalformed control infants. DNA was obtained from newborn screening bloodspots and genotyped for the Taq1 polymorphism of TGFa. Among infants of interviewed mothers, genotypes were available for 571 (78.1%) case infants and 640 (87.2%) control infants. Setting: The study encompassed all hospitals in selected California counties. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measures were the risks of specific cleft phenotypes among infants with uncommon TGFa genotypes and whose mothers did not use multivitamins periconceptionally. Results: Compared with infants homozygous for the common TGFa genotype and whose mothers used multivitamins, increased clefting risks were observed for infants with the A2 genotype (homozygous or heterozygous) and whose mothers did not use multivitamins. Risk estimates were 3.0 (1.4–6.6 [95% confidence interval]) for isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP), 2.4 (0.69–11.6) for multiple CLP, 2.6 (0.97–7.7) for isolated cleft palate (CP), 4.2 (1.3–16.2) for multiple CP, and 8.1 (2.6–27.7) for ‘‘known-syndrome’’ clefts. Clefting risks for infants with the A2 genotype and whose mothers used multivitamins were substantially smaller, as were the risks for infants with the A1 genotype whose mothers did not use multivitamins. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary evidence for a gene–nutrient interaction in risk of clefting.
Hallazgos radiológicos de la enfermedad pulmonar en pacientes Colombianos con esclerodermia

La esclerosis sistemica (ES) es una enfermedad autoinmune multisistemica que afecta principalmente la piel, los pulmones, el tracto gastrointestinal, el corazon y los rinones. La enfermedad pulmonar, presente en casi el 100% de los casos, es el factor con mayor influencia en la mortalidad. El proposito de este estudio es realizar un analisis detallado de la enfermedad pulmonar por tomografia computarizada de alta resolucion(TCAR) en pacientes Colombianos con ES, para lo cual se realizo un estudio de prevalencia analitica en 44 pacientes con ES valorados en el Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi en los ultimos 7 anos. Los resultados mostraron caracteristicas demograficas y clinicas similares a las previamente descritas. La prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial fue alta, y los hallazgos de fibrosis pulmonar como vidrio esmerilado y panal de abejas se asociaron con la presencia del autoanticuerpo antiSCL70. La medida del diametro esofagico por TCAR fue mayor en los pacientes con disfagia, antiSCL 70 y linfopenia, los cuales son marcadores de mal pronostico.
The Oral Health of Children with Clefts-A Review

A review of the studies of the caries prevalence and periodontal health of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) revealed that only five investigations of caries prevalence in CLP patients included children. One reported that CLP children did not have a higher caries prevalence in the permanent dentition, whereas more recent studies have reported a higher caries prevalence in both the primary and permanent dentitions of CLP children than in those of noncleft children. However, there is wide variation in the teeth examined and the method of presenting data on caries prevalence. Six papers have reported on the periodontal health of adult CLP patients, and only one has done so on that of children. The adult CLP patients had poorer oral hygiene and more gingivitis, but there is no conclusive evidence that they have a higher risk of developing periodontal disease. No data on the oral hygiene of CLP children were available, but it has been emphasized that they have significantly more gingivitis than noncleft children, especially in the maxillary anterior teeth.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Kidney. A Propos of a Case

Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFT) are rare spindle cell neoplasm that typically originate from the pleura. However, cases of the SFT are described with origin in other organs, including the urinary and genital apparatus. Within the kidney, except from the renal pelvis, only 19 cases of SFT are described and such rarity of localization makes the histogenesis and the prognosis of the tumor rather unknown. We report the case of a 72-year-old lady who attended our Unit for a mass that was clinically palpable at the level of the left hemiabdomen. The tomodensitographic test indicated a 19cm-diameter mass of likely pertinence of the middle bystender of the left kidney. She had undergone left radical nephrectomy. The histological examination highlighted a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT): the presence of hypercellularity, of cellular pleiomorphism and of a high number of mitosis has led to a histological diagnosis of malignancy for the neoplasm analyzed. The SFT are of rare clinical comparison: this does not allow for a deep knowledge of the lesion histogenesis and prognosis; moreover, the clinical behavior should be more precisely defined. (Urologia 2009; 76: 112-4)
Children’s nurse education in Ireland: current status and challenges ahead

It is generally accepted that children require ‘special nursing’ because they are different from adults and have unique needs. To ensure the highest standard of quality care, it is imperative that appropriately educated nurses care for sick children. Successive policy reports have made recommendations about the need for nurses caring for children to be appropriately prepared, linking this to the quality of care that children should receive. Despite numerous reports and explicit recognition of the need for children’s nurse education, children’s nursing as a distinct speciality has waxed and waned over the years. In Ireland the profession were fortunate in 2006 to achieve the establishment of a direct entry degree programme in children’s nursing, albeit combined with general nursing. This paper will discuss the developments that led to this position, by reviewing the background to children’s nursing education in Ireland. These developments will be contrasted with current challenges to the education of child.
Nasal Morphology and Shape Parameters as Predictors of Nasal Esthetics in Individuals with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of shape parameters of nasal morphology to predict esthetics in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Methods: This retrospective study involved 28 patients with repaired CUCLP. Nostril morphology was analyzed using nose casts and a video-imaging technique. Calculated shape parameters included area, perimeter, centroid, angle of the principal axis, major and minor moments of area, anisometry, bulkiness, lateral offset, and three-dimensional internostril angles. Esthetics was assessed using a panel of six orthodontists who rated nasal esthetics from frontal, lateral, basal, and three-quarters view slides and from nose casts. Correlations between esthetics and the shape parameters were completed using the entire group as well as using two statistically determined subsets: those with the best and those with the worst esthetics. Results: Nasal esthetics was related to only the perimeter and bulkiness parameter ratios. Symmetry of the perimeters between the right and left nostrils positively correlated with better esthetics using the entire sample group while symmetry of bulkiness between the right and left nostrils positively correlated with better esthetics using both the entire sample group and the best and worst subsets. Conclusions: Only perimeter and bulkiness showed positive correlations with nasal esthetics. The group of parameters used to assess nostril morphology had neither significant correlation with—nor predictive power for— esthetics. Thus, an assessment of the entire nasal surface topography in three dimensions needs to be completed and assessed with respect to predictability of nasal esthetics.
A New Approach to the Discontinuous Conduction Mode in Switching Power Converters

The discontinuous conduction mode in switching power converters is addressed in the paper. Instead of assuming that the load is a linear resistor, an equation is derived that relates the output current to the output voltage and other circuit parameters. Closed-form expressions that relate the output current to the output voltage and the other circuit parameters are obtained for all three of the basic switching converters: buck, boost, and buck–boost. The results obtained apply regardless the load type. To simplify notation, normalization of the output current and the output voltage is introduced. The proposed teaching method has been verified in teaching practice.
Secondary trauma in mental healthcare providers in Alaska

Secondary trauma (ST) is vicarious traumatization caused by empathetic engagement with another’s trauma, which may lead to bumout/tumover for mental healthcare providers (MHPs). ST and associated risk or protective factors have not been studied in Alaska. This research explored the prevalence and predictors o f ST. The study population was 450 licensed MHPs and 14 Behavioral Health Aides (BHAs) who were randomly selected to complete the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS) and a questionnaire created for this research, which inquired into aspects o f their work. Bivariate analyses, mediator analyses, and multiple regressions tested which variables were associated with levels of overall ST and three sub-types of ST labeled Intrusion, Avoidance, and Arousal. 4 o f the MHPs who responded to the survey also participated in a focus group to explore the survey results in greater detail. In total, 232 (50% response rate) licensed professionals and BHAs (47.08% urban and 48.15% rural) responded to the online survey. The Total STSS score across all participants indicated a “mild” level of ST among the MHPs. Approximately 20% o f the sample met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of their work; 47.6% experienced intrusion, 32.9% experienced arousal, and 29.9% experienced avoidance symptoms. As hypothesized, MHPs who reported working in rural locations, treating long­ term and casual acquaintances, being less satisfied with their social support and self-care levels, and feeling more embarrassed to discuss ST reported higher levels o f ST. Spending a higher percentage of one’s workweek providing direct client services,
Age-Related Changes in Intracranial Pressure in Rabbits with Uncorrected Familial Coronal Suture Synostosis

Objective: Chronic, elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in craniosynostotic infants may result in ocular and neurocapsular problems; however, not all infants exhibit elevated ICP. Clinical ICP studies are further confounded by small and heterogeneic samples, multiple-suture involvement, and varying surgical management protocols. The present study was designed to describe longitudinal changes in ICP in a large, homogenous sample of rabbits with uncorrected familial, nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis. Methods: Ninety-one rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) normal rabbits (n 5 28), (2) rabbits with delayed-onset coronal suture synostosis (DOCS; n 5 25), (3) rabbits with unilateral coronal suture synostosis (UCS; n 5 12), and (4) rabbits with bilateral coronal suture synostosis (BCS; n 5 26). ICP was measured at 24 and 42 days of age using a Codman epidural microtransducer. Results: Rabbits with BCS had a significantly (p , .05) higher mean ICP at 25 days of age than rabbits in the other three groups by approximately 146%. However, by 42 days of age, mean ICP in normal control rabbits and rabbits with DOCS was significantly (p , .01) increased compared with their mean ICP values seen at 25 days of age, while mean ICP in BCS rabbits significantly (p , .01) decreased (by 32%) over the same time period. ICP in rabbits with UCS was between that seen in normal control rabbits and rabbits with BCS and did not significantly (p . .05) change over time. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the degree of suture involvement may be related to early increases in ICP. Possible multifactorial explanations for intracranial decompression and compensation in the craniosynostotic rabbit model are discussed.
Challenges for Semiconductor Manufacturing in Brazil

Semiconductor component design and manufacturing imposes a severe barrier to the further development of the Brazilian electronics industry. Several challenges to be faced to enable the settlement of semiconductor manufacturing facilities, such as human resources shortage, lack of a supply chain and market access, are identified. As a consequence, nowadays semiconductor manufacturing activities are neither economically nor technically viable. To start changing this scenario, a comprehensive initiative involving industry, government and academia is
Suitability of the Iliac Crest as a Site for Harvest of Autogenous Bone Grafts

Many donor sites have been advocated for obtaining cancellous bone to be used for grafting alveolar defects. Recently, some authors have suggested that the iliac crest site produced an unacceptably high degree of postoperative morbidity. Because of this morbidity, the use of other donor areas, e.g., rib, cranium, and mandible, are advocated. The iliac crest donor site for alveolar bone grafting has been common practice in our Institution for years under the assumption that little or no postoperative morbidity occurred. To investigate and document the accuracy of our assumption, the charts of the most recent 50 consecutive patients receiving alveolar bone grafts, all of which used the iliac crest as a donor site, were reviewed. Postoperative pain, numbness, infection, paralysis, or long-term disability were catalogued from the charts. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to the parents and patients requesting their perceptions of these parameters. In the cases reviewed, the average length of skin incision was 4.2 cm. The average quantity of bone harvested was 4.1 cc. The usual hospitalization time was 2–3 days. No patients experienced serious or long-term complications at the surgical donor site. Immediate postoperative complications among the 50 patients studied were limited to one hematoma, one stitch abscess, one case of swelling with pain, one erythema, and one 4-day fever accompanied by slight serosanguineous drainage. Information from the questionnaire suggests that most patients returned to full activity within 4–6 weeks. No patient reported any long-term pain or disability. We conclude that the iliac crest is a suitable site to harvest cancellous bone for use in alveolar defect grafting, and should not be rejected solely because of concerns regarding excessive morbidity.
Associating Serenoa Repens, Urtica Dioica and Pinus Pinaster. Safety and Efficacy in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Prospective Study on 320 Patients

Introduction Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) has been employed for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for several years. Its mechanism of action is believed to be due to antiandrogenic, antiproliferative and antinflammatory properties. An association of Serenoa with the nettle “Urtica dioica” showing antiproliferative activity and the pine “Pinus pinaster” derivative, showing antinflammatory action, has been proposed in recent years. Such an action is hoped to act not only by reducing LUTS but also by preventing the development of prostate cancer. Material and Methods During the years 2007 and 2008, 320 patients suffering from LUTS were treated with an association of Serenoa repens 320 mg, Urtica dioica 120 mg and Pinus pinaster 5 mg, named IPBTRE. This treatment was administered to all patients for a minimal duration of 30 days to a maximum of a year, either alone or in association with antibiotics or alpha-blockers, if needed. Outcome analysis was based on evaluation of symptoms, prostate volume and maximum flow rate (Qmax). Results From a careful analysis of the data collected in our database, the following observations can be made: ages varied between 19 and 78 years. The patients were affected by BPH in 46% of cases, chronic prostatitis syndrome in 43%, chronic genital-pelvic pain in 7% and other conditions in 4%, the absolute numbers being 147, 138, 22 and 7 patients, respectively. No untoward side effect was reported in any case. Variations in symptom score could be fully evaluated only in 80 of 320 patients (25%), of whom 68 (85%) reported a significant benefit, with special reference to an improvement of pain, urgency, strangury and nocturia. Data on variations in prostate volume, as measured by digital rectal examination, were available in 84 (26.5%) patients. No significant change was observed. Qmax after treatment was measured in 83 (26%) patients. It did not show significant changes from the initial values. Discussion The association tested in our study appeared to be safe and well tolerated. No changes in flow rate and prostate volume were observed, but a marked reduction of LUTS was observed in 85% of evaluable cases, especially with regard to pain and irritative symptoms. Whether or not such an association may display a prevention of prostate cancer, may be investigated in additional studies.
Dental Cast Study of Adult Patients with Untreated Unilateral Cleft Lip or Cleft Lip and Palate in Indonesia Compared with Surgically Treated Patients in the Netherlands

To determine differences in maxillary and dentoalveolar relationships between untreated and treated patients having unilateral clefts of the lip and alveolus (UCLA) or lip and palate (UCLP), dental cast assessments were done on 70 untreated adult indonesian patients (UCLA-I, UCLP-I) and 67 Dutch patients, surgically treated in infancy (UCLA-D, UCLP-D). The indonesian group consisted of 44 UCLA-I and 26 UCLP-I patients, and the Dutch group of 24 UCLA-D and 43 UCLP-D patients. In the UCLA-I patients, deformities occurred in that part of the dentoalveolar complex that surrounds the cleft. Lip repair in the UCLA-D group more frequently caused deformities in the incisor and buccal areas on the cleft side. In the UCLP-I patients, deformities were present in the incisor and cuspid areas on the cleft side. The buccal segments showed collapse both on the cleft and noncIeft sides. Lip and palate repair in the UCLP-D group caused significantly more deformities in the incisor, cuspid, and buccal areas up to the level of the first molars, both on the cleft and noncleft sides. Surgical treatment seems to cause maxillary and dentoalveolar deformities up to the first molars more frequently, but these are not as pronounced as one would expect: following the practiced surgical regimen, the deformities were usually mild. Negative effects of surgical intervention seem to be antagonized by the restored integrity of the lip and palate leading to orientation of maxillary parts and correction of tongue position, which in turn has a molding effect on the maxilla and mandible.
A Six-Center International Study of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Clefts of the Lip and Palate: Part 4. Assessment of Nasolabial Appearance

One hundred and fifteen frontal and profile photographs of the nasolabial area of subjects with complete unilateral clefts of the lip and palate from six European centers were assessed. Four components of the nasolabial area were rated separately by a panel of judges using a five-point scale of attractiveness. The Tukey multiple comparison test showed significant differences between the centers. The relative position of the six centers in this study followed a similar pattern to their respective positions in the cephalometric and dental cast studies.
Value-Driven Bank Payout Policy and the Absence of Minority Shareholder Protections

In contrast to past findings for industrial firms, we posit that absent strong minority shareholder protections, banks pay out more to avoid equity discounts of retained liquid assets and, with dividends, to bond future disgorgement. We examine three forms of country-level protection: legal, investor, and control structure. In support of the discount hypothesis, we find that banks lacking one or more protections pay out more overall and with dividends. Differences in our findings from industrial firms may be driven by greater wealth transfer incentives or the optionlike character of bank stock given bank leverage. JEL Classification: G21, G28
Negative Transcriptional Regulation of Connexin 43 by Tbx2 in Rat Immature Coronal Sutures and ROS 17/2.8 Cells in Culture

Background: Tbx2 is a member of the T-box family of transcriptional regulatory genes with an extensive but not yet fully understood role in embryonic development. This study explores the potential role of Tbx2 in calvarial morphogenesis. Objectives: To explore the hypothesis that Tbx2 has a negative regulatory effect on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a protein necessary for cellto-cell communication; document the presence of Tbx2 protein in the developing cranial sutures; and determine the spatial pattern of expression of this developmentally regulated transcription factor in calvariae. Design: The osteoblast-like cell line ROS 17/2.8 was stably transfected with sense or antisense Tbx2. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was used to study Tbx2 and Cx43 expression in these cells and sections of embedded developing coronal sutures. Results: The ROS 17/2.8 cells transfected with antisense Tbx2 showed a decrease in expression of Tbx2 protein and an increase in expression of endogenous Cx43. The reverse is seen with sense-transfected cells. Both of these proteins are expressed in rat developing coronal sutures. The pattern of Tbx2 expression in the developing was also reciprocal to the pattern of Cx43 expression. Tbx2 protein is concentrated in the center of the sutural blastema, an area devoid of Cx43 protein localization. Conversely, Tbx2 protein expression is low in the periphery of the sutures, in which there is high Cx43 protein expression. Conclusions: Taken together, these studies suggest that Tbx2 protein is a negative regulator of Cx43 expression at the transcriptional level in cranial sutures in vivo.