Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wer wird Physiotherapeut? Eine Analyse der Persönlichkeits- und Motivstruktur von Auszubildenden der Physiotherapie im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Für den Beruf des Physiotherapeuten sind fachliche Kompetenzen nötig, z. B. Fakten- und Handlungswissen. In Deutschland werden diese in einer Berufsausbildung, einem berufsbegleitenden, dualen oder primärqualifizierenden Studium vermittelt. Ebenfalls als erfolgskritisch gelten außerfachliche Kompetenzen, z. B. Freude an der Arbeit mit Menschen. Forschungsbefunde aus der Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie zeigen, dass eine gute Passung von Berufstätigen zu ihrer Arbeitsstelle (Person-Job-Fit) mit positiven Effekten für die Berufstätigen sowie für Bildungsträger und Arbeitgeber einhergehen kann. Ziel Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich (angehende) Physiotherapeuten in ihrer Persönlichkeitsstruktur, d. h. in außerfachlichen Kompetenzen, von der Allgemeinbevölkerung unterscheiden. Es wurde erwartet, dass ein Selbstselektionseffekt auftritt, d. h. , dass den Bewerbern Stellenanforderungen bekannt sind und sie sich für eine Bewerbung entscheiden, wenn diese ihren Bedürfnissen und Interessen entsprechen. Methode Erhebung von Daten aus fünf Physiotherapieschulen in privater Trägerschaft. Die Auszubildenden (N = 256) wurden anschließend anhand zweier Persönlichkeitsfragebögen, die zentrale Persönlichkeitsdispositionen und Motive erfassen, mit einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der Allgemeinbevölkerung verglichen. Ergebnisse Es wurden signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Stichproben gefunden, die mit den im Berufsbild beschriebenen Anforderungen korrespondieren. Die Auszubildenden zeigten im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung höhere Ausprägungen bei den Motiven „Sozialkontakte“, „Extraversion“, „Verträglichkeit“, „Soziales Engagement“ und „Bewegung“ sowie niedrigere Ausprägungen beim Motiv „Revanche“. Schlussfolgerung Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse empfehlen wir, dass außerfachliche Kompetenzen in Personalauswahlprozessen berücksichtig werden sollten.
Rubus carpetanus (Rosaceae), a new species from the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract Rubus carpetanus is a new endemic Rubus species included in the series Hystrix. It is located in Spain, in the Central Range of the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in the Carpetanian Mountains. It grows in acid soils, high humidity, near riversides, alongside oak and pine forests. In the Iberian Peninsula there is only one other species belonging to this series, Rubus brigantinus Samp. , located in the NW Iberian Peninsula. Each has a different distribution and very different characteristics, such as stems (procumbent, purplish, obtusely angled with stellate hairs in R. carpetanus, while arching-prostrate, reddish, bluntly angled with single hairs in R. brigantinus), prickles and pricklets (slightly declined with broad and puffed base in R. carpetanus, while straight and thin at the base in R. brigantinus), stalked glands, leaves and leaflets (terminal leaflet longly acuminate in R. carpetanus, while shortly acuminate in R. brigantinus) and the colour of the flowers (white petals, ovate and not imbricated in R. carpetanus, while light pink, spathulate and sometimes imbricated in R. brigantinus).
Synthesis of well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles by reverse atom transfer radical polymerization in a microemulsion

Well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with an α-isobutyronitrile group and an ω-bromine atom as the end groups was synthesized by the microemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at 70°C with a 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile/CuBr2/2,2′-bipyridine system. The conversion of the polymerization reached 81.9%. The viscosity-average molecular weight of PMMA was high (380,000), and the polydispersity index was 1.58. The polymerization of MMA exhibited some controlled radical polymerization characteristics. The mechanism of controlled polymerization was studied. The presence of hydrogen and bromine atoms as end groups of the obtained PMMA was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The shape and size of the final polymer particles were analyzed by scanning probe microscopy, and the diameters of the obtained particles were usually in the range of 60–100 nm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3670–3676, 2006
Finance, Discipline and the Labour Share in the Long‐Run: France (1911–2010) and Sweden (1891–2000)

There is an ongoing debate within political economy on how finance affects capital–labour relations. Industrial relation scholars have demonstrated that financialization empowers capital and induces the liberalization of industrial relations. Additionally, meso and macro level studies show that finance reduced the labour share during neoliberalism. However, the literature is relatively limited and does not extend to the pre-WWII period. Considering finance as historically integral to capitalism, this paper estimates the impact of finance on the labour shares of France (1911–2010) and Sweden (1891–2000). The results show that mortgage debt decreases the labour shares of both countries, thus, the financialization of households induces industrial discipline historically. However, the negative effect is substantially smaller in Sweden where housing finance is state-led and bargaining coordination is centralized over the last century.
Photovoice as a creative coping tool with the COVID-19 crisis in practical training seminar for social work students

The Coronavirus-19 crisis has led university professors, social workers, students and social service consumers to shift to online methods of communication and teaching. In this novel, shared reality, the present paper introduces a new initiative based on implemented photovoice methodology as a tool for documenting BSW students' professional daily lives. This tool was used at a practical training seminar for 16 third year students at the School of Social Work, Sapir Academic College.
Análise da aplicação de Métodos Heurísticos na Resolução do Problema de Roteamento de Veículos com Frota Heterogênea

Neste trabalho foram abordados dois métodos heurísticos aplicados à resolução do problema de roteamento de veículos com frota heterogênea. Tratam-se da meta-heurística Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) e um método híbrido, que reúne características das metaheurísticas VNS e Simulated Annealing (SA). Um conjunto de 27 problemas-teste encontrados na literatura foram adaptados para frota heterogênea e submetidos aos métodos. Essas mesmas instâncias, considerando a frota homogênea, também foram submetidas aos métodos desenvolvidos com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência deles, comparando-se os resultados obtidos com aqueles apresentados para os problemas na literatura. Verificou-se a eficiência dos métodos na resolução de problemas com até 44 clientes. Bons resultados, com tempos computacionais relativamente baixos, foram obtidos para as demais instâncias. Ambos os métodos melhoram o resultado de um problema do conjunto estudado. De forma geral, verifica-se que o método híbrido apresenta resultados ligeiramente melhores no que se refere a qualidade das soluções.
An improved preparation of ionic liquids by ultrasound

The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as a novel class of environmentally friendly solvents is now of topical interest among the chemical community, worried about the environmental impact of chemicals. Many reactions of organic chemistry have thus been re-examined since the 1990s. Nevertheless, even if a given preparation of ILs does not represent any particular difficulty, the reaction times appear to be long and the use of large amounts of classical solvents for the synthesis and the purification steps is crucial. This article presents preliminary work performed for the ultrasound assisted preparation of several 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts (BF4, PF6, CF3SO3 and BPh4). In all cases a clear yield increase results and a dramatic reduction of the reaction time accompanied by an improved quality of the products occurs. After a short and simple work-up, the ILs are ready to use without a further purification step. Moreover, an original and simple analytical way to follow the reaction in real time is also presented.
Optical spectra of noble metal nanoparticles supported on zeolites

Optical spectra of noble metal nano-particles supported on different types of zeolites are studied and compared. The absorbance spectra of Cu, Ag and Au nanoparticles supported on mordenite, β-zeolite, Na/Y and H/Y zeolites respectively are reported. Spectra for pre-exchanged Au-Cu/Na/Y, Au-Ni/Na/Y and Au-Fe/Na/Y are also studied. A simple effective medium approach (Maxwell-Garnett) is used to obtain a theoretical complex effective dielectric function of the composite and to asses the sensibility of the plasmon resonance to the sample characteristics. The knowledge of these properties can hopefully be applied to the development of optical tools to monitor the synthetic path.
CdTe quantum dots on gold-198 nano particles: introducing a novel theranostic agent

Abstract The influence of coating a CdTe quantum dots (QDs) layer on the 198Au nanoparticles (NPs) in biodistribution of 198Au nanoparticles was investigated. The 198Au nanoparticles were prepared by irradiating the highly pure metallic gold in Tehran research nuclear reactor and subsequently 198Au-NPs were synthesized and subjected to surface modification with cysteamine and CdTe QDs to form an adduct. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized with X-ray diffraction, radio thin layer chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In-vivo biodistribution and tumor avidity studies were performed by intravenously injecting of cysteamine@198AuNPs: CdTe QDs nanocomposite into rats. The %ID/g (percent of the initial dose per gram tissue weight) in dissected organs and Fibrosarcoma tumor specimens was then measured. The hydrophilicity of the cysteamine@198AuNPs was increased by surface modification with CdTe QDs. Rapid excretion from body and high tumor uptake for cysteamine@198AuNPs: CdTe QDs revealed that this radiotracer could potentially be used in nuclear medicine as a theranostic agent.
The Mechanisms of Microbiota Induced Obesity and Possible Treatment

Obesity is a complex metabolic disease involving excess body fat. The basic cause of obesity is the imbalance in energy consumption and energy expenditure. While there are multiple of factors that can cause obesity, a number of studies have found strong interrelations between obesity and gut microbiota which is responsible for the improvement of energy and nutrition absorption, changes in metabolic pathways, and changes in brain activities and behaviors. Based on the understanding of the relationships between gut microbiota and obesity, effective treatments have also been designed. The paper will review current understandings on how changes in gut microbiota cause obesity and current effective treatments on obesity.
An empirical analysis of the use of agricultural mobile applications among smallholder farmers in Myanmar

Mobile phone applications (apps) designed to assist smallholder farmers improve decision‐making have been revolutionizing the agriculture sector. These apps offer solutions to farmer information needs by providing weather information, crop market trends, pest and disease damage identification, and advice on pesticide and fertilizer use. They also facilitate interaction with fellow farmers, extension workers and other stakeholders in the value chain who are interested in information exchange. Much previous research has investigated the contribution of mobile apps to agricultural production. This study explored the agricultural mobile apps available in Myanmar, analyzed factors affecting their use and assessed the potential for farm‐based decision support. Our findings indicate that when introducing mobile‐based tools, focus should be given to younger, more educated farmers growing more specialized crops. The main constraints to adopt agricultural apps are lack of access to smartphone and/or internet (63%) and lack of digital knowledge (20%). However, smallholder farmers in Myanmar were optimistic and positive toward agricultural apps for effective utilization. We also found that majority of the surveyed farmers were familiar with information received through Facebook groups. Incorporating useful information and functions from an agricultural mobile app to a Facebook Page could have a more useful and sustainable impact.
Universality and Specificity of Polymer Gels Viewed by Scattering Methods

Concentration fluctuations in polymer gels are composed of dynamic thermal fluctuations and frozen inhomogeneities. Particularly, the latter is a characteristic of gels and is due to cross-linking. The frozen inhomogeneities manifest unique properties in polymer gels. Speckle patterns are commonly observed in gels. The time-correlation function of the scattering intensity entails a power-law behavior at the sol-gel transition. The appearance of speckle patterns is related to the nonergodicity of gels, and the power-law behavior corresponds to the self-similarity of clusters at the gelation threshold. In this review, it will be demonstrated that light scattering is one of the most powerful tools for structure characterization of polymer gels. Then, the universality and specificity of polymer gels will be examined for various types of gels, including physical gels, composite gels, and gelators.
Efficient planar perovskite solar cells using room-temperature vacuum-processed C60 electron selective layers

Efficient organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells with regular structure typically use solution-processed electron selective layers. Here, we demonstrated efficient planar perovskite solar cells using vacuum-processed C60 compact electron selective layers at room temperature. The best-performing planar perovskite solar cell has shown a power conversion efficiency of 15.14% with an open circuit voltage of 1.08 V and a fill factor of 74.51% measured under reverse voltage scanning. Our results suggest that vacuum-processed fullerene electron selective layer is a good candidate for fabricating all perovskite tandem solar cells.
Copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with a comonomer with spiroacetal moiety

The study reports the synthesis of a copolymer based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxas- piro(5.5)undecane (U) acquired through radical polymerization in the presence of 2,2 0 -azobis(2-methylpropionitrile). The attempt was to have a solid content as high as 10 wt %. The polymeriza- tion process was conducted in the presence of a classic ionic sur- factant—sodium lauryl sulfate—and comparatively using two variants of protective colloid b-cyclodextrin and poly(aspartic acid), respectively. The prepared dispersions were characterized from the viewpoint of their hydrodynamic radius, zeta potential, and conductivity evolution during syntheses. The mean particle size and size distribution and zeta potential and conductivity were also evaluated for the synthesized polymeric particles. The com- positions of the polymers were confirmed by FTIR and 1 HN MR spectra, and also, the thermal stability of the polymeric com- pounds was evaluated. SEM and AFM investigations of the poly- mer morphology are also presented. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 1543-1551, 2011
Solid polymer electrolytes: materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications: an overview

Polymer electrolytes are promising materials for electrochemical device applications, namely, high energy density rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electrochromic displays, etc. The area of polymer electrolytes has gone through various developmental stages, i.e. from dry solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) systems to plasticized, gels, rubbery to micro/nano-composite polymer electrolytes. The polymer gel electrolytes, incorporating organic solvents, exhibit room temperature conductivity as high as ∼10−3 S cm−1, while dry SPEs still suffer from poor ionic conductivity lower than 10−5 S cm−1. Several approaches have been adopted to enhance the room temperature conductivity in the vicinity of 10−4 S cm−1 as well as to improve the mechanical stability and interfacial activity of SPEs. In this review, the criteria of an ideal polymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications have been discussed in brief along with presenting an overall glimpse of the progress made in polymer electrolyte materials designing, their broad classification and the recent advancements made in this branch of materials science. The characteristic advantages of employing polymer electrolyte membranes in all-solid-state battery applications have also been discussed.
How You Estimate Calories Matters: Calorie Estimation Reversals

Consumers often form calorie estimates. How consumers estimate calories can systematically bias their calorie assessments. We distinguish between magnitude estimates—when consumers judge whether something has “very few” to “many” calories—and numeric estimates—when consumers estimate a number of calories. These two estimation modes lead to calorie estimate reversals when assessing calories in stimuli that trade off type and quantity, such as when assessing calories in a smaller portion of unhealthy food versus a larger portion of healthier food. When forming a “magnitude estimate,” people judge the larger, healthier food portion as containing fewer calories than the smaller, unhealthy food portion. However, when forming a “numeric estimate,” people often come to the opposite conclusion—judging the larger, healthier food portion as having more calories. This reversal occurs because these two estimation modes are differentially sensitive to information regarding a stimulus’ type (e.g., food healthiness), which is processed first, and quantity (e.g., food portion size), which is processed secondarily. Specifically, magnitude estimates are more sensitive to type, whereas numeric estimates attend to both type and quantity. Accordingly, this divergence between calorie estimation modes attenuates when: (1) quantity information is made primary or (2) in an intuitive (vs. deliberative) mindset.
Cover crop nitrogen availability to conventional and no‐till corn: Soil mineral nitrogen, corn nitrogen status, and corn yield

Abstract Understanding seasonal soil nitrogen (N) availability patterns is necessary to assess corn (Zea mays L.) N needs following winter cover cropping. Therefore, a field study was initiated to track N availability for corn in conventional and no‐till systems and to determine the accuracy of several methods for assessing and predicting N availability for corn grown in cover crop systems. The experimental design was a systematic split‐split plot with fallow, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye+hairy vetch, and wheat+hairy vetch established as main plots and managed for conventional till and no‐till corn (split plots) to provide a range of soil N availability. The split‐split plot treatment was sidedressed with fertilizer N to give five N rates ranging from 0–300 kg N ha‐1 in 75 kg N ha‐1 increments. Soil and corn were sampled throughout the growing season in the 0 kg N ha‐1 check plots and corn grain yields were determined in all plots. Plant‐available N was greater following cover crops that contained hairy vetch, but tillage had no consistent affect on N availability. Corn grain yields were higher following hairy vetch with or without supplemental fertilizer N and averaged 11.6 Mg ha‐1 and 9.9 Mg ha‐1 following cover crops with and without hairy vetch, respectively. All cover crop by tillage treatment combinations responded to fertilizer N rate both years, but the presence of hairy vetch seldom reduced predicted fertilizer N need. Instead, hairy vetch in monoculture or biculture seemed to add to corn yield potential by an average of about 1.7 Mg ha‐1 (averaged over fertilizer N rates). Cover crop N contributions to corn varied considerably, likely due to cover crop N content and C:N ratio, residue management, climate, soil type, and the method used to assess and assign an N credit. The pre‐sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) accurately predicted fertilizer N responsive and N nonresponsive cover crop‐corn systems, but inorganic soil N concentrations within the PSNT critical inorganic soil N concentration range were not detected in this study.
Seed germination of six Iberian endemic species – a contribution to enhance plant conservation

Abstract Biodiversity has been degraded all around the world due to anthropogenic factors. To counteract this worldwide tendency, ecological restoration programs are expanding. In these programs, the use of native herbaceous species, particularly those endemic or threatened, can be promoted by seeding them but germination requirements for most of these species are unknown. Our research meant to fill this gap of information for six Iberian endemic species suitable to use in restoration actions - Digitalis thapsi, Ferula communis subsp. catalaunica, Linaria amethystea subsp. amethystea, Pterocephalidium diandrum, Sanguisorba hybrida, and Silene scabriflora subsp. scabriflora. Their seed germination behaviour was analysed to establish germination protocols for conservation actions. Three germination conditions were used to simulate different sown seasons. Seeds of all species were tested without pre-treatment and subjected to a cold stratification. Seeds of S. hybrida and P. diandrum were additionally tested with a scarification treatment. All species reached their better germination performance under autumn conditions (15/10 °C; 8/16 hours). In conclusion, for all the six Iberian endemic species tested, germination speed and percentage were suitable for their use in native plants reinforcement.
Changes in assemblages of native and alien plants in perennial plantations: prairie species stabilize the community composition

Ornamental plantations are characteristic of a wide range of man-made habitats such as gardens, parks or urban spaces. Nowadays, low-maintenance perennial beds are becoming popular in horticulture and urban planning. Due to low levels of management and good records of initial plantation, perennial beds are suitable for studying vegetation processes such as competition amongst garden ornamentals and succession. We studied perennial flowerbeds in the Czech Republic that had a known initial composition at the time of establishment in 2006–2010 and we compared this with their state in 2016. We aimed to assess (i) how planted ornamental assemblages changed during 10 years of succession, and (ii) whether initial assemblage composition determined the pattern of change. We observed a decrease in biodiversity from initial plantation to the recent state across all flowerbeds in the experimental garden. In terms of diversity and stability, species-rich assemblages, mostly composed of taxa native to prairies, were the most stable. The most successful taxa (i.e. reaching high abundances with good persistence) originated from North American and Mediterranean regions.