Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tropospheric Composition Analyses and Forecasts

4 R. Abida, J.-L. Attié, L. El Amraoui , P. Ricaud, W. Lahoz, H. Eskes , A. Segers , L. Curier, J. 5 de Haan, J. Kujanpää , A. O. Nijhuis, D. Schuettemeyer , J. Tamminen , R. Timmermans , P. 6 Veefkind, and B. Veihelmann 7 7 8 1 CNRM-GAME, Météo-France/CNRS UMR 3589, Toulouse, Fr ance 9 2 Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Aérologie, CN RS UMR 5560, Toulouse, France 10 3 NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. B ox 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway 11 4 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, The 12 Netherlands 13 5 TNO, Business unit Environment, Health and Safety, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The 14 Netherlands 15 6 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation U it, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland 16 7 ESA/ESTEC, Earth Observation Programmes, Noordwijk, The Netherlands 17
An experimental study on cooling performance of a car radiator using Al2O3 - ethylene glycol/water nanofluid

Nanofluids have high thermal conductivity and can be used as vehicle engine coolant. In this article, the effects of Al2O3 nanoparticles to an engine coolant were experimentally investigated and the results were compared with the results of the original coolant including 50% ethylene glycol and 50% water mixture. The nanofluid was prepared by adding 0.5% Al2O3 nanoparticles by volume. The inlet temperature of the coolant was held constant at 95? C. The tests were carried out at the air inlet temperatures between 23.4-28.6? C, the air velocity be-tween 1.7-4.3 m/s, the cooling power between 2.5-15 kW and the cooling fluid flow rates between 10-25 Lpm. The results show that nanoparticles increase the cooling performance of the engine radiator. By using Al2O3 nanoparticles, cooling power of the radiator has increased up to 17.46% compared to original case.
The role of internal factors in determining the firm value in Indonesia

Article history: Received May 15 2020 Received in revised format May 16 2020 Accepted June 29 2020 Available online June 29 2020 There are pros and cons to the internal factors of the firm value. Some internal factors that play a role in firm value are company size, leverage, and profitability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal factors that influence the firm value. The research sample is all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2017. The dependent variable in this study is the firm value, while the independent variables are firm size, leverage, and profitability. The method used is the data panel. The results show that leverage had a negative and significant effect on firm value. In contrast, profitability and company size had a positive but insignificant effect on firm value. The results are in line with the allegation that the larger the company's size, the higher the investor's confidence in the company's ability to provide a return on investment. This evidence is in line with the allegations in the hypothesis that company size has a positive effect on its value. e Growing Science, Canada by the authors; license 20 © 20
Intelligent Support System for Personalized Online Learning

The current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic have required universities to transfer educational processes in the online environment. eLearning systems provide educational institutions and students with the opportunity to effectively organize the educational process and share knowledge. They provide each student with freedom of access to information and flexibility of the learning process. The student can individually determine the duration and sequence of courses by changing the trajectory of the educational process following their needs. In the context of the pandemic, students and teachers have to optimize their work over the Internet. This requires more extended personalization of the learning process. Intelligent technologies allow you to construct personalized learning paths for each student, varying methods, forms, and speed of learning. This study presents the architecture of the e-learning support system for the selection of online resources and for including them in the student's learning path. The system developed as a set of personal agents and services that interact based on a set of interconnected ontological models. Ontologies provide a more adequate representation of online resources and compatibility of the user request format with descriptions of training resources from different developers. The system recommends training modules based on current requests and user characteristics that match their profile. The system dynamically updates the knowledge base user characteristics, thereby increasing the effectiveness of recommendations.
Lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) quantities: current status of measuring techniques and models

Abstract. The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the atmosphere below and space above. The atmospheric part of the LTI is dominated by laws of continuum fluid dynamics and chemistry, while the ionosphere is a plasma system controlled by electromagnetic forces driven by the magnetosphere, the solar wind, as well as the wind dynamo. The LTI is hence a domain controlled by many different physical processes. However, systematic in situ measurements within this region are severely lacking, although the LTI is located only 80 to 200 km above the surface of our planet. This paper reviews the current state of the art in measuring the LTI, either in situ or by several different remote-sensing methods. We begin by outlining the open questions within the LTI requiring high-quality in situ measurements, before reviewing directly observable parameters and their most important derivatives. The motivation for this review has arisen from the recent retention of the Daedalus mission as one among three competing mission candidates within the European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer 10 Programme. However, this paper intends to cover the LTI parameters such that it can be used as a background scientific reference for any mission targeting in situ observations of the LTI.
GRAPHENE-BASED DISPERSION AS FLAME RETARDANT COATING FOR POLYMERIC MATRICES

A novel graphene-based dispersion has been used as coating on different polymeric foams. This highly concentrated water-based pristine graphene dispersion has been developed and patented (patent pending) by Directa Plus, a company devoted to the large-scale production of graphene-based materials. The flame retardant behavior was investigated following standard procedures ASTM D635, ASTM D3801, ISO 5660 and the outstanding results obtained sustain the definition of a new class of non-toxic and highly efficient flame retardant materials.
Imunosenescence – západ slunce

Imunosenescence představuje charakteristické procesy remodelace a dysregulace funkce imunitního systému, které souvisejí s přibývajícím věkem. Tyto změny postihují vrozený i adaptivní imunitní systém. Vzhledem ke komplexnosti fyziologických procesů, do kterých mechanismy imunitního systému zasahují, jsou těmito změnami ovlivněny také další systémy organismu. Mezi základní příčiny rozvoje imunosenescence patří involuce thymu a chronická antigenní stimulace, která vede k prozánětlivému nastavení organismu. Změny imunitního systému ve stáří se klinicky odrážejí kromě porušené imunitní reakce proti infekcím nebo reaktivace latentních infekcí, snížené odpovídavosti na vakcinaci nebo zhoršení protinádorového imunitního dohledu také v rozvoji chronických onemocnění typických pro vyšší věkové skupiny, jako jsou neurodegenerativní nebo metabolické choroby. Mechanismy imunosenescence můžeme alespoň částečně ovlivnit aktivním životním stylem a adekvátními dietními opatřeními. Klíčová slova: dysregulace imunitního systému, imunosenescence, stárnutí.
The relationship between vitamin D with breast cancer

Objective: Evaluate the association between vitamin D2 with breast cancer (BC). Methods: A case control study department of oncology, Salahaddin Hospital, during the period from July 2019 to January 2020. Data were obtained from 90 participants, 58 women with BC and 30 women as healthy control. The BC women were further subdivided into 20 women with chemotherapy (G1), 14 women received less than 6 doses of chemotherapy (G2), 15 women received more than 6 doses of chemotherapy (G3), 9 women received chemoradiation therapy (G4). Results: Vitamin D in all BC women was significantly lower compared to healthy control (25.36±5.53 ng/L), additionally it was lower in G1 (8.48±1.97 ng/L) compared to G4 (14.29±2.69 ng/L), G3 (9.52±2.59 ng/L) was lower ANALYSIS 24(104), July August, 2020 Medical Science ISSN 2321–7359 EISSN 2321–7367
Is Presence Time of Dermoid Cysts a Risk Factor for Malignancy Potential in Advanced Age?

Mature cystic teratoma (MCT), also known as dermoid cyst, is one of the most common ovarian tumors, accounting for 11–20% of such tumors. In the second and third decades of life, MCT is the most common ovarian tumor in women. It is most commonly seen in reproductive-age patients, and sometimes it can be seen in the postmenopausal period. Most women with dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. Symptoms usually depend on the size of the mass. Torsion is not uncommon. Dermoid cyst rupture may also result in the spillage of sebaceous material in the abdominal cavity, but this is rare. Shock and bleeding are early signs of rupture; a marked granulomatous reaction (chemical peritonitis) may develop later and lead to the formation of dense adhesions. Preoperative diagnosis of MCT can be provided easily with ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging; the bony tissues, including teeth, bones, and cartilage, can be easily identified by these imaging methods. MCT is always benign in pure form; however, as a rare complication, malignant transformation (MT) is seen in approximately 1–2% of MCTs. MT frequency is related to age and usually appears in advanced-age patients, such as those between ages 45 and 60. Many MTs are squamous carcinoma. The prognosis of MT is worse than that of epithelial ovarian cancer. Additionally, the management of patients with MT naturally differs from that of patients with benign MCTs. For this reason, diagnosis of MT prior to surgery will benefit the prognosis of the disease. The extant literature does not provide enough information about MCT prognosis with advancing age. In this study, we aimed to determine possible markers that could be used in predicting malignancy in patients with an MCT diagnosis and to investigate the differences between patients with reproductive-age and postmenopausal MCT.
COVID-19 in regions with low prevalence and low density of population. An uncertainty dynamic modeling approach.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in China at the end of 2019 has spread worldwide. In this article, we present a mathematical SEIR model focused on analysing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, the patients circulating in the hospitals and evaluating the effects of health policies and vaccination on the control of the pandemic. We tested the model using registered cases and population data from the province of Granada (Spain), that represents a population size near 1 million citizens with low density of population and low prevalence. After calibrating the model with the data obtained from 15 March to 22 September 2020, we simulate different vaccination scenarios - including effectiveness and availability date - in order to study the possible evolution of the disease. The results show that: 1) infected will increase until 5.6% - 7.4% of the total population over next 3-4 months (2nd wave); 2) vaccination seems not to be enough to face the pandemic and other strategies should be used; 3) we also support the claim of the WHO about the effectiveness of the vaccine, that should be, at least, of 50% to represent a substantial progress against the COVID-19; 4) after the 2nd wave, the return to normal life should be controlled and gradual to avoid a 3rd wave. The proposed study may be a useful tool for giving insight into the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and to design vaccination and health policies.
Micro habitat selection of herbivores in response to perceived predation risk and forage quality in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi game reserve

Predators can affect prey in many ways both through direct predation and by altering their prey’s behavior and spatial distribution. Habitat selection for prey animals is therefore a trade-off between resource availability and predation risk. This trade-off differs from species depending on for example body size, digestive system and escape tactics. In this study I looked at the effect of perceived predation risk (visibility) and forage quality (fertilization) on the selection of micro habitat for eight African herbivores. Grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) and warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) both preferred plots with low visibility while impala (Aepyceros melampus) and zebra (Equus quagga) showed the opposite relationship. Elephant (Loxodonta africana), buffalo (Syncerus caffer), giraffe (Giraffa giraffe) and white rhino (Ceratotherium simum) did not respond to perceived predation risk. No species reacted to forage quality except for elephant which preferred fertilized plots. My results show that the role of perceived predation risk for micro habitat selection varies between species as well as the direction of the effect.
Ultrastructural characterization of infection and colonization of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in onion

Anthracnose is the most destructive disease of onion in the Philippines. Infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was studied by using light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. At 6 hours after inoculation, a germ tube emerged from the conidium and a globular shaped appressorium formed from the end point of the germ tube. Between 24 to 48 hours after inoculation, the appressoria matured and an infection hypha emerged through a pore at the base of the appressorium. After 48 hours it penetrated the host cuticle directly and formed a primary hypha. Simultaneously, formation of papilla and penetration of the host through stomata also occurred although no evidence of an infection vesicle was observed. From 48 to 72 hours, primary hypha started to branch out to form secondary hyphae within the epidermal cells followed by a massive growth of both intraand intercellular hyphae leading to the development of small whitish and water soaked lesions. At 72 to 96 hours after inoculation, intraand intercellular hyphae radiated from cell to cell resulting in the formation of acervuli. At 96 hours after inoculation, typical onion anthracnose symptoms with salmon coloured mucilaginous spore matrix was observed on the infected leaf surface.
Restructuring of genomic provinces of surface ocean plankton under climate change

The impact of climate change on diversity, functioning and biogeography of marine plankton is a major unresolved scientific issue. Here, niche theory is applied on plankton metagenomes sampled during the Tara Oceans expedition to derive pan-ocean geographical structuring in climato-genomic provinces characterized by signature genomes for 6 size fractions, from viruses to meso-zooplankton. Assuming a high warming scenario (RCP8.5), the identified tropical provinces would expand and temperate provinces would shrink. Poleward shifts are projected for 96% of provinces in five major basins leading to their reorganization over ~50% of the surface ocean south of 60°N, of which 3% correspond to novel assemblages of provinces. Sea surface temperature is identified as the main driver and accounts only for ~51 % of the changes followed by phosphate (11%) and salinity (10.3%). These results demonstrate the potential of integration of genomics with physico-chemical data for higher scale modeling and understanding of ocean ecosystems.
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase in Woody Plants: A Key Switch of Carbon Accumulation in Biomass

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism and catalyses the first step from primary metabolism to secondary metabolism. The transcriptional activation of PAL genes is controlled during plant growth and development and by abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent studies of biochemical characterization of PAL isoforms suggest that PAL protein is posttranslationally modified and this regulation might module the PAL metabolic networks.
Evaluating the Effect of Estrogen and Progesterone on Expression of EAAT2 and EAAT3 Glutamate Transporters Following Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Background: Glutamate is the most widespread excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and plays major role in the pathogenesis of ischemia brain injury.Glutamate transporters have a major role in glutamate removal and maintain its concentration below excitotoxic levels. Although estrogen’s and progesterone’s neuroprotective effects were well-described, the exact molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. This study has investigated estrogen and progesterone effect on glutamate transporters expression in the ischemic penumbra/peri-infarct region in rat. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 1 h. Estrogen and progesterone combination was immediately injected after tMCAO subcutaneously. Sensorimotor functional tests for evaluating behavioral deficits and TTC staining for measurement of infarct volume were performed 24 h after MCAO. Real-time PCR technique was used for gene expression analysis of glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3. Results: The combination of estrogen and progesterone could significantly reduce lesion volume. Also, hormone therapy could improve ischemic neurological disorders. After hormone therapy, gene expression of glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3 did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Combined estrogen–progesterone treatment significantly reduces neurological deficits and infarct volume; these effects are independent of the glutamate transporters signaling pathways.
Enrichment of genomic variation in pathways linked to autism

The genetic heterogeneity of autism has stymied the search for causes and cures. Even whole-genomic studies on large numbers of families have yielded results of relatively little impact. In the present work, we analyze two genomic databases using a novel strategy that takes prior knowledge of genetic relationships into account and that was designed to boost signal important to our understanding of the molecular basis of autism. Our strategy was designed to identify significant genomic variation within a priori defined biological concepts and improves signal detection while lessening the severity of multiple test correction seen in standard analysis of genome-wide association data. Upon application of our approach using 3,244 biological concepts, we detected genomic variation in 68 biological concepts with significant association to autism in comparison to family-based controls. These concepts clustered naturally into a total of 19 classes, principally including cell adhesion, cancer, and immune response. The top-ranking concepts contained high percentages of genes already suspected to play roles in autism or in a related neurological disorder. In addition, many of the sets associated with autism at the DNA level also proved to be predictive of changes in gene expression within a separate population of autistic cases, suggesting that the signature of genomic variation may also be detectable in blood-based transcriptional profiles. This robust cross-validation with gene expression data from individuals with autism coupled with the enrichment within autism-related neurological disorders supported the possibility that the mutations play important roles in the onset of autism and should be given priority for further study. In sum, our work provides new leads into the genetic underpinnings of autism and highlights the importance of reanalysis of genomic studies of complex disease using prior knowledge of genetic organization. Author Summary The genetic heterogeneity of autism has stymied the search for causes and cures. Even whole-genomic studies on large numbers of families have yielded results of relatively little impact. In the present work, we reanalyze two of the most influential whole-genomic studies using a novel strategy that takes prior knowledge of genetic relationships into account in an effort to boost signal important to our understanding of the molecular structure of autism. Our approach demonstrates that these genome wide association studies contain more information relevant to autism than previously realized. We detected 68 highly significant collections of mutations that map to genes with measurable and significant changes in gene expression in autistic individuals, and that have been implicated in other neurological disorders believed to be closely related, and genetically linked, to autism. Our work provides leads into the genetic underpinnings of autism and highlights the importance of reanalysis of genomic studies of disease using prior knowledge of genetic organization.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Non Starch Polysaccharide Hydrolyzing Enzymes on Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Based on Guar Meal, Rape Seed Meal and Cotton Seed Meal -

The experiment was conducted on 350 one day old straight run broiler chicks consisting of seven treatment groups having ten replications with five chicks in each replicate. Soybean meal was replaced with alternate protein meal viz. Guar meal (GM), Rapeseed meal (RSM) and cotton seed meal (CSM) each at 3 (total 9 percent) and 6 percent level (total 18 percent) with or without the supplementation of NSP hydrolyzing enzymes. The 3 percent APM containing diet was supplemented with two levels of the NSP hydrolyzing enzymes i.e (xylanase, s-D-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase and pectinase @ 3200, 4000, 1520, 8000, and 3200 IU/kg (1X concentration) and 6400, 8000, 3040, 16000 and 6400 IU/kg (2X concentration) respectively. Similarly the 6 percent APM containg diet was supplemented with two levels of the NSP hydrolyzing enzymes i.e (xylanase, s-D-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase and pectinase @ 3200, 4000, 1520, 8000, and 3200 IU/kg (1X concentration) and 6400, 8000, 3040, 16000 and 6400 IU/kg (2X concentration) respectively . The 3 % APM diet supplemented with NSP hydrolyzing enzymes at 1X , 2X levels had shown significantly higher body weight gain compared with that of control. However, the 6% APM control diet has witnessed significantly low BWG throughout the experimental period. Similarly, the 6 % APM diet supplemented with 2X NSP hydrolyzing enzymes has not shown any significant differences in BWG throughout the experimental period. Feed intake was significantly higher (P