Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can we predict the duration of respiratory support in transient tachypnea of the newborn?

To assess arterial blood gas values and respiratory rates during transient tachypnea of the newborn detected in the first hour of postnatal life, and to investigate whether any of these parameters can be a good predictor of the duration of respiratory support. Materials and methods: Data were collected from the charts of newborns with a gestation of >=37 weeks born in our hospital and admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn between January 2007 and December 2009. Patients with respiratory support of >=5 days were accepted as group A and those with respiratory support of >5 days as group B. The groups were compared with each other on the basis of arterial blood gas values of pH, PaCO2, PaO2, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate detected in the first hour of postnatal life. Results: Group A consisted of 41 (46%) patients and group B consisted of 48 (54%) patients. The PaO2 and oxygen saturation levels of group B were significantly lower than those of group A. Time to tolerate full enteral feeding was also significantly longer for group B than for group A. From the total blood gas values, PaO2 and oxygen saturation were found to be sensitive parameters that can predict the duration of respiratory support. Patients with pH of >=7.22 (sensitivity, 97.6%; specificity, 8.3%; OR, 3.6), PaO2 of >=70 mmHg (sensitivity, 92.7%; specificity, 29.2%; OR, 5.2), and oxygen saturation of >=80% (sensitivity, 92.7%; specificity, 31.2%; OR, 5.7) were found to be strong candidates for needing respiratory support for more than 5 days. Conclusion: According to our results, patients with pH of >=7.22, PaO2 of >=70 mmHg, and oxygen saturation of ≤80% seem to be patients that will need respiratory support for more than 5 days.
New peptidic active ingredient to reduce discomfort and painful sensations in sensitive skin

IFSCC Magazines, 12 (2009) (1) 25–30 Approximately 40% of the population (all skin categories and phototypes) complain of sensitive skin. Sensitive skin is healthy but overresponsive, meaning it reacts faster and more intensely to several parameters including environmental factors such as temperature changes and the sun, use of cosmetic products, and certain medicines. It experiences discomfort, tingling, burning and intolerance to certain types of products, a condition referred to as neurosensitivity characterized by a lower threshold of tolerance. Currently, all of the causes are not known but an increase in the permeability of the stratum corneum and an exaggeration of the nerve response are considered to be involved in the phenomenon of sensitive skin. Lifestyle factors including tobacco, alcohol, stress, fatigue and emotions also have an effect. A new synthetic tetrapeptide, N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalaninamide (Ac-YPFF-NH2), mimicking a natural opioid peptide was developed with the aim to decrease skin nerve ending stimulation. This tetrapeptide was demonstrated in vitro to reduce cutaneous overreactivity by decreasing release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from sensory neurons via an agonist effect on the μ opioid receptors and in vivo to improve the comfort of sensitive skin by decreasing unpleasant sensations and pain induced by heat and capsaicin. This tetrapeptide targeting an exaggerated nerve response helps to relieve sensitive skin by normalizing the tolerance threshold for environmental factors or certain topically applied uncomfortable products or skincare treatments. Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide, μ opioid receptor, nerve endings, peptide, sensitive skin
School Turnarounds: The Essential Role of Districts

The inspiration for this book was a crucial observation: that if the school turnaround movement is to have widespread and lasting consequences, it will need to incorporate meaningful district involvement in its efforts. The result is a volume that considers school turnaround efforts at the district level, examining the evidence thus far and indicating fruitful directions for district-based initiatives going forward. At the heart of the book are case studies of districts that have developed systemwide policies and programs for instituting turnaround reforms in their member schools. These cases--and the book as a whole--bring district-based initiatives and options into the larger discussion of the turnaround movement and its potential for improving chronically low-performing schools.
THE PROBLEMS OF FALL, RISK FACTORS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT AMONG GERIATRIC POPULATION IN INDIA

Falls, road accidents and burns are responsible for the highest rates of mortality among Geriatric Population, particularly in the age group 85 or over. In 2006, with approximately 76.6 million (above 7.7% of total population) India alone accounted for one-seventh of world’s elderly. Their population has been steadily growing. It is estimated that India will soon become home to the second largest number of older people in the world. The challenges are unique, a majority (80%) of them are in the rural areas, making service delivery a challenge, feminization of the elderly population (51% of the elderly population would be women by 2016), increase in the number of the older-old (persons above 80 years) and 30% of the elderly are below poverty line.
Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien -Aktuelle Aspekte zur Pathophysiologie der Sepsis

S epsis ist noch immer eine der häufigsten Todesursachen auf Intensivstationen, trotz der nun über 30-jährigen Geschichte der klinischen Studien an septischen Patienten. Erstaunlicherweise steigt nach neueren Forschungen die Sepsis-Inzidenz. In den USA wird diese mit Steigerungsraten zwischen 1,5 und 8% pro Jahr angegeben (1, 12). Ursprünglich hat Hugo Schottmüller die Sepsis als Reaktion des Organismus auf eine Infektion definiert, wobei zunächst kein genaueres Keimspektrum beschrieben werden konnte. In der Zeitspanne von 1970 bis Ende 1980 waren gramnegative Erreger die am häufigsten festgestellte Ursache einer bakteriellen Sepsis. Interessanterweise gewannen dann zu Beginn der 90er Jahre grampositive Erreger die Oberhand (12). Im gleichen Zeitraum nahmen die nachgewiesenen Pilzinfektionen um über 200% zu. Diese und andere Entwicklungen lassen bereits vermuten, dass unsere Immunantwort einem Wandel unterzogen ist. Vor allem auch äußere Faktoren scheinen sie zu beeinflussen. All dies findet in einem andauernden Wandel im Schwerpunkt des Erregerspektrums Ausdruck.
Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığının akut alevlenmesinde Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae sıklığı

Amac: Kronik obstruktif akciger hastaligi (KOAH) sik gorulmesi, genellikle solunum yetmezligi ile sonlanmasi ve sosyoekonomik yuku nedeniyle onemli bir halk sagligi sorunudur. Bu calismada KOAH akut alevlenmesi dusunulen hastalarda en sik etken olan S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae sikligi arastirilmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Calismaya 100 hasta alindi ancak bunlarin 85’inin balgam ornegi Murray ve Washington degerlendirmesine gore grup 5 ve 4 oldugundan mikrobiyolojik inceleme icin kulturleri yapildi. Bulgular: Seksen bes ornegin 35’inde patojen oldugunu dusundugumuz bakteri uredi. Ondort S. pneumoniae (%16.5), 8 M. catarrhalis (%9.4), 5 H. influenzae (%5.8), 4 E. coli (%4.7), 2 K. pneumoniae (%2.4), 1 P. aeruginosa (%1.2) ve 1 S. aureus (%1.2) izole edildi. Kan kulturu alinan hastalarin 2’sinde (% 2.4) S. pneumoniae uredi. Sonuc: Bakteriyel etkenlere bagli KOAH akut alevlenmesi dusunulen hastalarda S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae ve M. catarrhalis en sik gorulen etkenler oldugundan tedavi de secilecek antibiyotiklerin bu etkenlere yonelik olmalidir.
Science in the Making at the Margin: A Multisited Ethnography of Learning and Becoming in an Afterschool Program, a Garden, and a Math and Science Upward Bound Program

We know little about diverse youths’ engagement in science outside of school, the form such engagement takes and its impact on science literacy development and identity as a potential insider to science. We need to know more about why, how, and for whom out-of-school settings make a difference. Science in the Making at the Margin offers some answers through an in-depth and theoretically well-grounded multisited ethnography of three very different out-of-school settings: an afterschool program for girls only, a youth garden program, and a Math and Science Upward Bound Program. Grounded in sociocultural-historical theory, this book explores, youths’ meaning making of science and co-constructions of new levels of understandings of science, as well as how they come to position themselves in relation to science through participation in science practices at the margin. The author highlights the multiplicity of learning, becoming and hybridity that constitute the learning of science in the three sites studied. Her analysis suggests that most youth position themselves as science users, as youth who are creating with and learning through science with others in textually rich environments and situations, and in ways that are meaningful to them. Their identity as users of science is grounded in the forms of engagement supported by the three science practices. The challenge is then to leverage such literacy beyond the practices themselves. N E W D I R E C T I O N S I N M A T H E M A T I C S A N D S C I E N C E E D U C A T I O N
The effect of sesame oil on the liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and serum lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Background and Aim: Nowadays, the effect of medicinal plants on the reduction of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis has been confirmed. Liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) is a key regulatory enzyme in the glycerolipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sesame oil on liver PAP activity, liver triglyceride, liver cholesterol and serum lipoprotein levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Material and Methods: In this experimental study 27 New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=9). Group1 (control) was fed with standard diet. Group II (hypercholesterolemic group) animals received hypercholesterolemic diet (1) without treatment. Group III was fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (1) plus sesame oil (5). After two months, liver PAP activity, liver triglyceride and cholesterol content, serum lipoproteins and malondialdehyde, and antioxidant capacity were measured. One way ANOVA was used for analysis of the mean values of the variables and for pair-wise comparison of the groups we used Tukey's test. Results: Group III had a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the liver PAP activity compared to group II. In group II, consumption of the enriched cholesterol diet led to a significant elevation (P< 0.05) in serum lipoproteins compared to group I (control). Also, sesame oil in group III decreased the serum lipoproteins, liver triglyceride, and liver cholesterol in comparison to group II (p<0.05). However, a significant elevation (P< 0.05) in serum antioxidant capacity and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level occurred in group III compared to group II (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sesame oil can be effective in reducing risk factors of cardiovascular diseases by decreasing serum lipids through making desirable alterations in serum lipoproteins. Also addition of sesame oil to hypercholesterolemic diets can reduce the liver PAP activity resulting in reduced liver triglyceride synthesis, which can decrease the risk of development of fatty liver in hypercholesterolemic diets.
Epidemiology of antibacterial drug resistance in northern Ethiopia

Antibacterial drug resistance is a worldwide problem. The situation in developing countries like Ethiopia is particularly serious. Since the presence of drug resistant bacteria in the environment is a threat to public health, updated information on local bacterial isolates and drug sensitivity patterns is very crucial for evidence based treatment decisions. This cross-sectional retrospective survey on antibacterial drug resistance was, therefore, conducted to determine the extent of antibacterial drugs resistance in northern Ethiopia. The results of specimens collected and tested in Mekelle Regional Microbiological Laboratory from 2001 to 2005 were analyzed. The most commonly isolated Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli 580 (52.7%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 139 (12.6%) and Pseudomonas mirabilis 77 (7.0%); while from Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 643 (63.8%) and S taphylococcus aureus 249 (24.9%) were predominant. The resistance rate of E. coli, S. aureus and S. saprophyticus to ampicillin were 89.0%, 89.0% and 92.3%, respectively. The same group of bacterial isolates showed resistance to cotrimoxazole at the rate of 76.0%, 82.3% and 89.0%, while for tetracycline it was 87.0%, 85.9% and 92.7%, respectively. This study indicated an alarmingly high rate of resistance among bacterial isolates to commonly used antibacterial drugs in the Region. Thus rational use of drugs should be practiced and modifications of empirical therapy should be done through periodic monitoring of the resistance profiles of bacterial isolates to antibacterial drugs. Keywords: epidemiology, antibacterial, resistance, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Opothérapie par hydrocortisone après injection unique d'étomidate chez le patient de réanimation

Objectif : Evaluer l'impact hemodynamique d'un traitement substitutif par hemisuccinate d'hydrocortisone (HSHC) aux patients en detresse vitale jusqu'a la 48e heure suivant une injection unique d'etomidate pour faciliter l'intubation tracheale en situation prehospitaliere ou au dechocage. Type d'etude : etude prospective monocentrique interventionnelle randomisee en double aveugle en intention de traiter. Patients et methodes : 49 patients dans le groupe placebo et 48 patients dans le groupe traite par une administration intraveineuse continue de 200mg par jour d'HSHC de la 6e a la 48e heures ont ete inclus. Une evaluation de la fonction surrenalienne a ete effectue 5 heures apres l'injection d'etomidate. Les dosages reguliers du compose S serique etaient effectues jusqu'a la 48e heure. Resultats : La proportion de patients necessitant un support par amines vasopressives etait comparable dans le groupe placebo par rapport au groupe traite par HSHC. Les durees de traitement vasopresseur, de sejour en reanimation, de ventilation mecanique et la mortalite au 28e jour etaient comparables. Il a ete mis en evidence une diminution statistiquement significative des posologies horaires de noradrenaline pendant la duree du traitement dans le groupe HSHC par rapport au groupe placebo. Le nombre de complications infectieuses etait comparable. Les niveaux de glycemie etaient superieurs pendant la duree du traitement dans le groupe traite mais le nombre de patients traites par insuline etait comparable. Conclusion : Le traitement substitutif par HSHC des patients de reanimation ayant recu une injection unique d'etomidate a un impact mineur sur l'etat hemodynamique.
Restricting access to methods of suicide rationale and evaluation of this approach to suicide prevention

Abstract. Restriction of access to means for suicidal behavior, especially dangerous methods, is a key element in most national suicide prevention strategies. In this paper the rationale for this is discussed, including the fact that suicidal impulses are often brief, that availability of a method may influence both the occurrence and outcome of a suicidal act, and that if a favored means becomes less available it does not always result in substitution by another method. Examples of evidence for the effectiveness of restricting availability of suicidal methods on subsequent suicidal behavior are presented, plus the supporting findings from studies of long-term survivors of serious suicide attempts in which only a minority have gone on to die in subsequent suicide attempts. Finally, factors likely to determine the effectiveness of modifying access to means for suicide are considered, together with the main elements that need to be addressed in evaluation.
The challenge of non-communicable diseases and road traffic injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa : an overview

This report draws on a comprehensive review of the literature and on input from policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to address four questions: (1) how is the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and road traffic injuries (RTIs) changing the epidemiology of Sub-Saharan Africa? (2) What determines and drives this burden, and what are the commonalities with communicable diseases? (3) What is the rationale for public intervention? (4) How could resource-constrained governments approach NCD prevention and treatment and road safety in a comprehensive, effective and efficient way? The data show that action against NCDs and RTIs in Sub-Saharan Africa is needed, together with continued efforts to address communicable diseases and maternal and child health as well as to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The report suggests that NCDs and RTIs should not be tackled separately as a vertical program, nor should they displace communicable diseases as priorities. Instead, given resource constraints, and some shared determinants, characteristics, and interventions, there is scope for an integrated approach focusing on functions (prevention, treatment, and care) rather than on disease categories. Examples are cited of potential opportunities to integrate and add NCD prevention and treatment into existing services and programs. Proven, cost-effective, prevention interventions are clearly needed, many of which (such as tobacco and alcohol taxes, road safety measures, and fuel-efficient ventilated cook-stoves) require action beyond the health sector. These can deliver broader development benefits in addition to their benefits for health. Selective, evidence-based actions to reduce NCDs and RTIs will address the changing disease burden in Africa and achieve a more sustainable improvement in health outcomes, more efficient use of resources, and better equity across patients and populations.
Enteropatía en penacho: reporte de un caso, metodología de estudio de la biopsia y diagnósticos diferenciales

La enteropatia en penacho, previamente conocida como displasia epitelial intestinal, es una enteropatia congenita infrecuente que se presenta con diarrea refractaria en el periodo neonatal. Presenta heterogeneidad clinica e histologica y puede asociarse con malformaciones y queratitis punctata. La causa no ha sido identificada aun por lo que no se puede realizar diagnostico prenatal. A pesar que existen fenotipos mas leves, la mayoria requiere nutricion parenteral por periodos prolongados con el consecuente riesgo de complicaciones, siendo una indicacion de trasplante intestinal. Presentamos el caso de un varon de 4 meses, recien nacido a termino con peso adecuado para la edad gestacional, que consulta con desnutricion severa, diarrea cronica y acuosa. Se realiza biopsia duodenal y rectal por succion que resulta negativa. Inicia gastroclisis con mala tolerancia pasando a nutricion parenteral con varias infecciones asociadas al cateter y fallece a los 13 meses por complicaciones asociadas al cateter. Se realiza la autopsia histopatologica. El material se fija en parafina y se estudia con tecnicas de rutina, PAS e inmunomarcacion para CD10. Histologicamente, se observa en yeyuno e ileon una atrofia vellositaria con displasia del epitelio intestinal y desorganizacion en la superficie con amontonamiento de celulas epiteliales remedando penachos. Se trata de una enteropatia neonatal infrecuente que es dificil de diagnosticar y manejar. Los ninos en los que se sospeche deben ser referidos a centros especializados pediatricos, si es posible que cuenten con la opcion de trasplante intestinal. El objetivo es presentar un caso infrecuente de enteropatia neonatal, en particular una enteropatia en penacho, describir la metodologia utilizada para estudiar la biopsia intestinal y discutir los diagnosticos diferenciales
FARMAKOLOGICKÝ PROFIL DIZOCILPINU (MK-801) A MOŽNOSTI JEHO VYUŽITÍ VE ZVÍŘECÍCH MODELECH SCHIZOFRENIE

N-Methyl-D-aspartatový (NMDA) receptor patři do skupiny glutamatových receptorů, ktere se dale děli na ionotropni a metabotropni. V CNS ma vliv na synaptickou plasticitu a rozvoj neuronalnich synapsi. Ionotropni NMDA receptory jsou aktivovany glutamatem, diky cemuž proudi pozitivně nabite ionty skrz membranu po svem koncentracnim gradientu. Nicmeně nadměrne hladiny glutamatu působi excitotoxicky diky vysokým intracelularnim hladinam Ca2+ a mohou vest k buněcne smrti neuronů pozorovane např. u neurodegenerativnich onemocněni. Antagoniste NMDA receptorů, mezi ktere patři napřiklad dizocilpin, ovlivňuji prostupnost NMDA receptoru a zamezuji tak vstupu iontů Ca2+ do buňky. Dizocilpin působi jako nekompetitivni antagonista NMDA receptoru, ma antikonvulzivni a anesteticke ucinky. Jeho terapeuticke použiti u lidi neni vhodne z důvodu výskytu cetných vedlejsich ucinků, experimentalně je vsak využivan jako farmakologicky indukovaný animalni model schizofrenie.
Bioethics: A Primer for Christians

In the face of rapid advances in medical research and treatment, bioethics has become a serious social concern. Originally published in 1996 and later chosen by World magazine as one of the top 100 books of the twentieth century, Gilbert Meilaender's Bioethics covers a wide range of pressing bioethical issues and offers discerning guidance on how Christians ought to think about them.In admirably clear language Meilaender discusses abortion, assisted reproduction, genetic advance and prenatal screening, care for the dying and euthanasia, human experimentation, and more. This new edition of his Bioethics features updated information throughout, a fuller discussion of human embryos -- including stem cell research -- and a thorough rewrite of the chapter on organ donation. "
Análise Paramétrica de Sinais de Voz Baseada em Estimação Conjunta do Modelo Fonte-Filtro

Resumo – Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um algoritmo de análise por síntese baseado em estimação conjunta para análise de sinais de fala. A principal vantagem do algoritmo proposto é a parametrização automática e simultânea do filtro do trato vocal e da fonte de excitação utilizados no processo de produção da fala. O modelo proposto para o trato vocal é capaz de identificar as frequências de ressonância do sinal de fala, e o modelo de excitação baseia-se na forma de onda glotal e no ruído de aspiração. Estes modelos representam características físicas do locutor.
Laparoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts : experience at a general hospital in Mexico City B .

a Clínica de Cirugía Hepatobiliar y Pancreática del Departamento de Cirugía General, Cirugía Endoscópica y Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico b Departamento de Cirugía Endoscópica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico c Clínica de Cirugía Hepatobiliar y Pancreática del Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico d Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico e Departamento de Cirugía Endoscópica y Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico f Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico g Departamento de Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico