Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in Brief COP 1 , the Negative Regulator of p 53 , Is Overexpressed in Breast and Ovarian Adenocarcinomas

The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a central role in protecting normal cells from undergoing transformation. Thus, it is fitting that cancer cells selectively dampen the p53 response to gain a selective growth advantage. In fact, the p53 gene is the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in human cancers, and if the gene is not mutated, then other components of the p53 pathways are skewed to dampen the p53 response to stress. We recently identified COP1 as a novel and critical negative regulator of p53. COP1 is a RING finger-containing protein that targets p53 for degradation to the proteasome and is necessary for p53 turnover in normal and cancer cells. However, the association between COP1 and cancer remains to be determined. We performed expression analysis of COP1 in ovarian and breast cancer tissue microarrays. COP1 is significantly overexpressed in 81% (25 of 32) of breast and 44% (76 of 171) of ovarian adenocarcinoma as assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of COP1 correlated with a striking decrease in steady state p53 protein levels and attenuation of the downstream target gene, p21, in cancers that retain a wild-type p53 gene status. Overall, these results suggest that overexpression of COP1 contributes to the accelerated degradation of p53 protein in cancers and attenuates the tumor suppressor function of p53.
Efficient Implementation of Confidential Broadcasting in Millimeter Wave Systems

This paper focuses on the transmit design for efficient implementation of confidential broadcasting in a two- receiver millimeter wave (mmWave) system. In confidential broadcasting, a transmitter broadcasts two confidential messages to two receivers. Each confidential message is intended for one specified receiver and kept perfectly secret from the other. To fully exploit the propagation characteristics of mmWave channels, two heuristic transmit schemes, i.e., matched filter (MF) and partially MF (PMF) schemes, are proposed in this paper to trade off the secrecy rates at the two receivers. We obtain the secrecy rate regions by varying a power allocation ratio. Then we compare our proposal with the globally optimal schemes in terms of achievable performance and implementation complexity. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that our proposed schemes outperform the traditional orthogonal multiple access-based ones and approach the boundary of secrecy capacity regions in some areas.
Real-time and low power embedded ℓ1-optimization solver design

Basis pursuit denoising (BPDN) is an optimization method used in cutting edge computer vision and compressive sensing research. Although hosting a BPDN solver on an embedded platform is desirable because analysis can be performed in real-time, existing solvers are generally unsuitable for embedded implementation due to either poor run-time performance or high memory usage. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes an embedded-friendly solver which demonstrates superior run-time performance, high recovery accuracy and competitive memory usage compared to existing solvers. For a problem with 5000 variables and 500 constraints, the solver occupies a small memory footprint of 29 kB and takes 0.14 seconds to complete on the Xilinx Zynq Z-7020 system-on-chip. The same problem takes 0.19 seconds on the Intel Core i7-2620M, which runs at 4 times the clock frequency and 114 times the power budget of the Z-7020. Without sacrificing runtime performance, the solver has been highly optimized for power constrained embedded applications. By far this is the first embedded solver capable of handling large scale problems with several thousand variables.
Twitter Sentiment Predicts Affordable Care Act Marketplace Enrollment

Background Traditional metrics of the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and health insurance marketplaces in the United States include public opinion polls and marketplace enrollment, which are published with a lag of weeks to months. In this rapidly changing environment, a real-time barometer of public opinion with a mechanism to identify emerging issues would be valuable. Objective We sought to evaluate Twitter’s role as a real-time barometer of public sentiment on the ACA and to determine if Twitter sentiment (the positivity or negativity of tweets) could be predictive of state-level marketplace enrollment. Methods We retrospectively collected 977,303 ACA-related tweets in March 2014 and then tested a correlation of Twitter sentiment with marketplace enrollment by state. Results A 0.10 increase in the sentiment score was associated with an 8.7% increase in enrollment at the state level (95% CI 1.32-16.13; P=.02), a correlation that remained significant when adjusting for state Medicaid expansion (P=.02) or use of a state-based marketplace (P=.03). Conclusions This correlation indicates Twitter’s potential as a real-time monitoring strategy for future marketplace enrollment periods; marketplaces could systematically track Twitter sentiment to more rapidly identify enrollment changes and potentially emerging issues. As a repository of free and accessible consumer-generated opinions, this study reveals a novel role for Twitter in the health policy landscape.
Controlling the Bit Rate of Multi-Object Videos With Noncooperative Game Theory

This paper proposes an object-level rate control algorithm to jointly controlling the bit rates of multiple video objects. Utilizing noncooperative game theory, the proposed rate control algorithm mimics the behaviors of players representing video objects. Each player competes for available bits to optimize its visual quality. The algorithm finds an ¿optimal solution¿ in that it conforms to the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, which is the probability distribution of the actions carried by the players that maximizes their expected payoffs (the number of bits). The game is played iteratively, and the expected payoff of each play is accumulated. The game terminates when all of the available bits for the specific time instant have been distributed to video object planes (VOPs). The advantage of the proposed scheme is that the bidding objects divide the bits among themselves automatically and fairly, according to their encoding complexity, and with an overall solution that is strategically optimal under the given circumstances. To minimize buffer fluctuation and avoid buffer overflow and underflow, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control based buffer policy is utilized.
A view of dataflow*

In 1946 John von Neumann outlined an organization for computers 1 that has dominated the languages and architecture of machines to this day—the familiar sequential, one-word-at-a-time instruction stream which modifies the contents of a memory. Although the von Neumann model has proved to be a viable and powerful approach to computation, we have chosen to explore other models of computation to determine if they offer advantages in ease of programming, exploitation of concurrency and performance. A primary motivation is new technology such as large scale integration (LSI) which has greatly expanded the range of choice in computer design.
The role of hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease

Although the molecular basis for the sickling disorders was identified more than 50 years ago (reviewed in Weatherall 2001), progress towards definitive therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) has been frustratingly slow. Until the mid1990s, treatment was almost entirely supportive with no clinically useful drugs available to prevent or reverse the polymerization of HbS. However, a number of key observations about the role of HbF (Stevens et al, 1981; de Simone et al, 1982, Platt et al, 1984, 1991; Veith et al, 1985; Noguchi et al, 1993) led, in 1995, to the publication of a crucially important study in which a new therapeutic agent, hydroxyurea, was heralded as a major breakthrough in the management of SCD (Charache et al, 1995; Schechter & Rodgers, 1995). The initial clinical trials of hydroxyurea in SCD were stopped early as a result of outstanding results in the treatment arm and the drug was rapidly licensed in the USA for the treatment of patients with severe SCD. Since then, hydroxyurea has been used successfully in a variety of situations in SCD, including new studies in very young children (Wang et al, 2001). However, doubts remain both about its efficacy and safety in the long term. This review aims to outline current information about the mechanisms of action of hydroxyurea in SCD, its clinical efficacy in sickling disorders, the approaches to monitoring treatment and to update the evidence about its short-term and long-term toxicity.
Limitations to Thermoregulation and Acclimatization Challenge Human Adaptation to Global Warming

Human thermoregulation and acclimatization are core components of the human coping mechanism for withstanding variations in environmental heat exposure. Amidst growing recognition that curtailing global warming to less than two degrees is becoming increasing improbable, human survival will require increasing reliance on these mechanisms. The projected several fold increase in extreme heat events suggests we need to recalibrate health protection policies and ratchet up adaptation efforts. Climate researchers, epidemiologists, and policy makers engaged in climate change adaptation and health protection are not commonly drawn from heat physiology backgrounds. Injecting a scholarly consideration of physiological limitations to human heat tolerance into the adaptation and policy literature allows for a broader understanding of heat health risks to support effective human adaptation and adaptation planning. This paper details the physiological and external environmental factors that determine human thermoregulation and acclimatization. We present a model to illustrate the interrelationship between elements that modulate the physiological process of thermoregulation. Limitations inherent in these processes, and the constraints imposed by differing exposure levels, and thermal comfort seeking on achieving acclimatization, are then described. Combined, these limitations will restrict the likely contribution that acclimatization can play in future human adaptation to global warming. We postulate that behavioral and technological adaptations will need to become the dominant means for human individual and societal adaptations as global warming progresses.
Biocidal activities of glutaraldehyde and related compounds.

Summary. Glutaraldehyde in 2% aqueous alkaline solution is rapidly bactericidal and sporicidal, killing 99.99% of the spores of Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium tetani in 15 and 30 min, respectively. It exhibits some degree of tuberculocidal activity, but it appears to be inferior to several other disinfectants when challenged with a large inoculum. Fungicidal action has been demonstrated but not assessed quantitatively. Evidence is presented to show that biocidal activity depends on the availability of two free aldehyde groups in the molecule.
In the Shadow of Myron: The Impact of the Discobolus on Representations of Olympic Sport from Victorian Britain to Contemporary China

Without doubt, the most famous and instantly recognisable work of art associated with the Olympic Games is Myron's Discobolus. Originally produced in bronze in the fifth century BC, the work is now known primarily through later Roman copies in marble, discovered in Italy during the eighteenth century. Whilst much has been written about the Discobolus as an exemplar of antique art, less attention has been paid to the reception of the work in the modern era. Accordingly, this article shifts attention to the impact made by Myron's work in visual culture produced during the period of the modern Olympic Games; that is from the late nineteenth century to the present day. From Victorian public sculptures, to official Olympic films and posters, and even contemporary art produced for the Beijing Games of 2008, Myron's work has continued to cast an influential shadow over art practices related to the Games themselves, as it has been adopted, adapted and transformed to signify a host of new and frequently diverse meanings. The prominent display of the work at the British Museum in London during the Games of 2012 offers testimony to the work's enduring legacy and its relevance for spectators of the present day.
Nephron number, hypertension, renal disease, and renal failure.

Essential hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the Western world, affecting about 26.4% of the adult population, and it is increasing (1). Its causes are heterogeneous and include genetic and environmental factors (2), but several observations point to an important role of the kidney in its genesis (3). In addition to variations in tubular transport mechanisms that could, for example, affect salt handling, structural characteristics of the kidney might also contribute to hypertension. The burden of chronic kidney disease is also increasing worldwide, due to population growth, increasing longevity, and changing risk factors. Although single-cause models of disease are still widely promoted, multideterminant or multihit models that can accommodate multiple risk factors in an individual or in a population are probably more applicable (4,5). In such a framework, nephron endowment is one potential determinant of disease susceptibility. Some time ago, Brenner and colleagues (6,7) proposed that lower nephron numbers predispose both to essential hypertension and to renal disease. They also proposed that hypertension and progressive renal insufficiency might be initiated and accelerated by glomerular hypertrophy and intraglomerular hypertension that develops as nephron number is reduced (8). In this review, we summarize data from recent studies that shed more light on these hypotheses. The data supply a new twist to possible mechanisms of the Barker hypothesis, which proposes that intrauterine growth retardation predisposes to chronic disease in later life (9). The review describes how nephron number is estimated and its range and some determinants and morphologic correlates. It then considers possible causes of low nephron numbers. Finally, associations of hypertension and renal disease with reduced nephron numbers are considered, and some potential clinical implications are discussed.
The Essence of Chaos (E. N. Lorenz)

of implementation. Consequently, there exists a barrier between a large body of knowledge adduced by the CG community and other communities that would apply this knowledge. To be perfectly fair, some of these issues have very profound and complicated implications, and different views on them are debated in the CG community. As the title already indicates, O’Rourke’s book would seek to lower such barriers by considering also a number of implementation issues. In fact, there is, free of charge, a library of programs and subroutines, written in the programming language C, that solve many of the computational problems the text discusses. The book is a text book. It teaches the subject with the care and precision one hopes to find in the best colleges and universities. The development of the material is well placed, self-contained, and wonderfully motivated. The explanations flow at an unhurried pace and account for most any question one might have when meeting the subject for the first time. The many superb technical accomplishments of CG could not be expounded in this way in the 300 odd pages of the book. Therefore, a subset has been selected: Polygon triangulation, convex hull computations, Voronoi diagram computations, intersection computations, and motion planning. These topics belong to the basic material the field has developed, and their exposition has been supplemented by some 200 exercises of varying difficulty Teaching a course from this book must be a distinct pleasure. The book is not, however, a reference volume amenable to hurriedly brushing up on the latest concerning some geometric problem one might have. It must be taken on its own terms, and when this is done, the pleasure of developing a basic understanding for the field and its style of thought is its own reward. Pondered well, one also can develop an appreciation of how the material might be applied elsewhere, but again, this process cannot be hurried and requires effort.
An Autologous Cartilage Tissue Implant NeoCart for Treatment of Grade III Chondral Injury to the Distal Femur

Background The healing potential of damaged articular cartilage is limited. The NeoCart is a tissue-engineered collagen matrix seeded with autogenous chondrocytes designed for the repair of hyaline articular cartilage. Hypothesis The NeoCart implant is well tolerated in the human knee. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Eight patients (treatment group) with full-thickness cartilage injury were treated with the NeoCart and evaluated prospectively. Autogenous chondrocytes provided by arthroscopic biopsy were seeded into a 3-dimensional type I collagen scaffold. The seeded scaffold was subjected to a tissue-engineering protocol including treatment with a bioreactor. Implantation of the prepared cartilage tissue patch was performed via miniarthrotomy and secured with a collagen bioadhesive. Evaluations through 24 months postoperatively included the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire, visual analog scale, range of motion, and cartilage-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including quantitative T2 mapping. Results Pain scores after NeoCart implantation were significantly lower than baseline at 12 and 24 months after the procedure (P < .05). Improved function and motion were also noted at 24 months. Six patients had 67% to 100% defect fill at 24 months with MRI evaluation. One patient had moderate (33%-66%) defect fill, and another patient had poor (less than 33%) defect fill. Partial stratification of T2 values was observed for 2 patients at 12 months and 4 patients at 24 months. No patients experienced arthrofibrosis or implant hypertrophy. Conclusion Pain was significantly reduced 12 and 24 months after NeoCart treatment. Trends toward improved function and motion were observed 24 months after implantation. The MRI indicated implant stability and peripheral integration, defect fill without overgrowth, progressive maturation, and more organized cartilage formation.
Adaptive conditioning of skeletal muscle in a large animal model (Sus domesticus)

Recognition of the adaptive capacity of mammalian skeletal muscle has opened the way to a number of clinical applications. For most of these, the fast, fatigue‐susceptible fibres need to be transformed stably to fast, fatigue‐resistant fibres that express the 2A myosin heavy chain isoform. The thresholds for activity‐induced change are size‐dependent, so although the requisite patterns of electrical stimulation are known for the rabbit, in humans these same patterns would produce type 1 fibre characteristics, with an undesirable loss of contractile speed and power. We have used histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electrophoretic separations to evaluate a possible conditioning regime in a large animal model. Stimulation of the porcine latissimus dorsi muscle with a phasic 30‐Hz pattern for up to 41 days converted all type 2X and 2A/2X fibres to 2A with only a small increase in the type 1 population, from 17% to 22%. Stimulation for longer periods increased the proportion of type 1 fibres to 52%. Based on this model, stimulation regimes designed to achieve a stable 2A phenotype in humans should deliver fewer stimulating impulses, possibly by a factor of 2, than the pattern assessed here. Any such pattern needs to be tested for at least 8 weeks.
Fluid Micro-Reservoirs Array Design with Auto-Pressure Regulation for High-Speed 3D Printers

Three dimensional (3D) printing technology is rapidly evolving such that printing speed is now a crucial factor in technological developments and future applications. For printing heads based on the inkjet concept, the number of nozzles on the print head is a limiting factor of printing speed. This paper offers a method to practically increase the number of nozzles unlimitedly, and thus to dramatically ramp up printing speed. Fluid reservoirs are used in inkjet print heads to supply fluid through a manifold to the jetting chambers. The pressure in the reservoir’s outlet is important and influences device performance. Many efforts have been made to regulate pressure inside the fluid reservoirs so as to obtain a constant pressure in the chambers. When the number of nozzles is increased too much, the regulation of uniform pressure among all the nozzles becomes too complicated. In this paper, a different approach is taken. The reservoir is divided into an array of many micro-reservoirs. Each micro-reservoir supports one or a few chambers, and has a unique structure with auto-pressure regulation, where the outlet pressure is independent of the fluid level. The regulation is based on auto-compensation of the gravity force and a capillary force having the same dependence on the fluid level; this feature is obtained by adding a wedge in the reservoir with a unique shape. When the fluid level drops, the gravitational force and the capillary force decrease with it, but at similar rates. Terms for the force balance are derived and, consequently, a constant pressure in the fluid micro-reservoir segment is obtained automatically, with each segment being autonomous. This micro reservoir array is suggested for the enlargement of an inkjet print head and the achievement of high-speed 3D printing.
Depression in Learning Disabled Children

In order to investigate the prevalence of depression amongst LD children, 103 completed the Children's Depression Inventory. Fourteen percent of the sample scored at or above the critical cutoff, more than in the general population but not significantly so at the . 05 level. Comparing the most depressed children with the least depressed, upper versus lower quartiles, revealed that the former were much lower in self-esteem, tended to be oversensitive and shared traits associated with neuroticism. No differences between the two groups were found, however, with respect to age, sex, intelligence, type of learning disability or parental expectations. It is suggested that in dealing with depressed LD children their affective state and their personality be taken into account as well as their obvious cognitive handicap.
The Arrest of Biological Time as a Bridge to Engineered Negligible Senescence

Abstract: Biological systems can remain unchanged for several hundred years at cryogenic temperatures. In several hundred years, current rapid scientific and technical progress should lead to the ability to reverse any biological damage whose reversal is not forbidden by physical law. We therefore explore whether contemporary people facing terminal conditions might be preserved well enough today for their eventual recovery to be compatible with physical law. The ultrastructure of the brain can now be excellently preserved by vitrification, and solutions needed for vitrification can now be distributed through organs with retention of organ viability after transplantation. Current law requires a few minutes of cardiac arrest before cryopreservation of terminal patients, but dogs and cats have recovered excellent brain function after 16‐60 min of complete cerebral ischemia. The arrest of biological time as a bridge to engineered negligible senescence, therefore, appears consistent with current scientific and medical knowledge.