Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher order fuzzy logic in controlling selective catalytic reduction systems

This paper presents research on applications of fuzzy logic and higher-order fuzzy logic systems to control ﬁlters reducing air pollution [1]. The ﬁlters use Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method and, as for now, this process is controlled manually by a human expert. The goal of the research is to control an SCR system responsible for emission of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) to the air, using SCR with ammonia (NH 3 ). There are two higher-order fuzzy logic systems presented, applying interval-valued fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy sets, respectively. Fuzzy sets and higher order fuzzy sets describe linguistically levels of nitrogen oxides as the input, and settings of ammonia valve in the air ﬁlter as the output. The obtained results are consistent with data provided by experts. Besides, we show that the type-2 fuzzy logic controllers allows us to obtain results much closer to desired parameters of the ammonia valve, than traditional FLS.
Synthetical Evaluation of Performance of Open-ended Stock Funds in China

In this paper, eleven indexes affecting performance of open-ended stock funds are chosen. Then an improved information entropy model with genetic algorithm in which subjective and objective analysis are combined is proposed for synthetically evaluating of performance of funds in China. After that, we calculate the score of 35 funds and their ranking, which reveals that the model is practical.
Intimate molecular interactions of P. falciparum merozoite proteins involved in invasion of red blood cells and their implications for vaccine design.

3. Merozoite Surface Protein (MSP) Family 3662 3.1. Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1) 3664 3.2. Merozoite Surface Protein-2 (MSP-2) 3675 3.3. Merozoite Surface Protein-3 (MSP-3) 3677 3.4. Merozoite Surface Protein-4 (MSP-4) 3677 3.5. Merozoite Surface Protein-5 (MSP-5) 3678 3.6. Merozoite Surface Protein-6 (MSP-6) 3678 3.7. Merozoite Surface Protein-7 (MSP-7) 3678 3.8. Merozoite Surface Protein-8 (MSP-8) 3679 3.9. Merozoite Surface Protein-9 (MSP-9) or Acid Basic Repeat Antigen (ABRA) 3679
Simian foamy virus infection by whole‐blood transfer in rhesus macaques: potential for transfusion transmission in humans

BACKGROUND: Cross‐species infection of humans with simian foamy virus (SFV) has been reported in European and North American nonhuman primate (NHP) handlers, primarily due to wound injuries involving infected animals in research centers and zoos. Additionally, African hunters have been found to be infected with SFV by exposure to body fluids, blood, or tissues of infected NHPs in the wild. The persistence of infectious virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and the recent identification of some infected blood donors has raised safety concerns regarding potential virus transmission by blood transfusion.
Competitive Interactions among First‐Year and Second‐Year Plants of the Invasive, Biennial Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and Native Ground Layer Vegetation

We studied the effects of hand weeding of second‐year plants of the biennial garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) on first‐year plants (seedlings) and native ground layer vegetation. Garlic mustard is a Eurasian species that has invaded deciduous forest ground layers in eastern North America. Treatments consisted of a control and an early or late weeding of second‐year garlic mustard. The early treatment (early March) was applied before garlic mustard seeds had germinated and when most native species were dormant. The late treatment (mid‐May) occurred after plants had bolted, flowering was occurring, and most native species and new garlic mustard seedlings were actively growing. Pre‐treatment data were obtained in 2004 and treated and control plots were sampled in 2005, 2006, and 2007. No significant treatment effects were observed in 2004 or 2005. In 2006, mean cover of first‐year plants was higher in the early weeding treatment than in the late weeding treatment and control. In 2007, mean cover of first‐year garlic mustard was higher in the control than in either of the two weeding treatments. There were no significant treatment effects in any year on native vegetation cover, bare ground, or the five most abundant native species. Our data indicate that (1) late weeding of garlic mustard provided more effective control than early weeding because late weeding allows second‐year plants to compete with garlic mustard seedlings for a longer period of time and (2) competition between first‐ and second‐year plants is responsible for alternating dominance of first‐year and second‐year garlic mustard plants.
Supraglottal Air Pressure in the Production of English Stops

Generally higher levels of intra-oral air pressure during occlusion are regularly reported for English /p,t,k/ as compared with /b,d,g/, and considerable significance has been attached to such observations, particularly by phonologists. Many of the published bodies of data, however, represent quite limited speech samples, consisting in the main of short nonsense utterances which contain stops in only a few contextual situations. In the present study ten readings of a list of twenty short English phrases were recorded for a single speaker. The phrases contained stops in initial, medial and final positions, and under various conditions of stress. A pressure transducer mounted at the end of a nasal catheter was introduced into the pharynx, and variations in intra-oral pressure were recorded on a multi-channel penwriter. From the pressure records obtained it appeared that /p,t,k/ and /b,d,g/ differ in their mean peak pressures, but that this difference is not equally significant in all contexts. Both initially and medially before a stressed vowel the two categories show peak pressures that overlap very extensively. This makes questionable the view that such differences more regularly co-exist with the /p,t,k/:/b,d,g/ distinction than any difference in voicing or mode of laryngeal operation, and that they demonstrate the " fortis ":" lenis " nature of the distinction.
Social differences in traffic injury risks in childhood and youth—a literature review and a research agenda

Objectives—The paper reviews the scientific literature concerning social differences in traffic injuries in childhood in order to highlight the current state of knowledge and to draw the main lines of a research agenda. Method—A conceptual framework is used that identifies the mechanisms through which social context, social position, and various exposures may interact in the determination of health inequalities. It is used as a frame for presenting the evidence accumulated so far concerning social differences in traffic injury in childhood, including pedestrian, cyclist, and vehicle passenger injuries. Results—For most types of traffic injuries, mortality and morbidity are often higher among children from lower social positions and in more deprived socioeconomic areas. Whether the greater occurrence of injuries in deprived areas is a phenomenon attributable to the areas themselves, or merely a reflection of a wider pattern of injuries affecting lower socioeconomic groups, is unclear. There is evidence of an interaction effect between age and gender, and also between socioeconomic status and gender. Conclusions—The mechanisms leading to social inequalities in traffic injuries in childhood deserve greater scrutiny in future research. Further theoretical developments and empirical investigation will help define intervention needs and enable more effective targeted, long term prevention.
ATM Activation in Normal Human Tissues and Testicular Cancer

The ATM kinase is a tumor suppressor and key regulator of biological responses to DNA damage. Cultured cells respond to genotoxic insults that induce DNA double-strand breaks by prompt activation of ATM through its autophosphorylation on serine 1981. However, whether ATM-S1981 becomes phosphorylated in vivo, for example during physiological processes that generate DSBs, is unknown. Here we produced phosphospecific monoclonal antibodies against S1981-phosphorylated ATM (pS-ATM), and applied them to immunohistochemical analyses of a wide range of normal human tissues and testicular tumors. Our data show that regardless of proliferation and differentiation, most human tissues contain only the S1981-nonphosphorylated, inactive form of ATM. In contrast, nuclear staining for pS-ATM was detected in subsets of bone-marrow lymphocytes and primary spermatocytes in the adult testes, cell types in which DSBs are generated during physiological V(D)J recombination and meiotic recombination, respectively. Among testicular germ-cell tumors, an aberrant constitutive pS-ATM was observed especially in embryonal carcinomas, less in seminomas, and only modestly in teratomas and the pre-invasive carcinoma-in-situ stage. Compared with pS-ATM, phosphorylated histone H2AX (? H2AX), another DNA damage marker and ATM substrate, was detected in a higher proportion of cancer cells, and also in normal fetal gonocytes, and a wider range of adult spermatocyte differentiation stages. Collectively, our results strongly support the physiological relevance of the recently proposed model of ATM autoactivation, and provide further evidence for constitutive activation of the DNA damage machinery during cancer development. The new tools characterized here should facilitate monitoring of ATM activation in clinical specimens, and help develop future treatment strategies.
Sensory marketing as a new tool of supporting the marketing communication process in tourism services sector

Marketing communication comprises the entirety of the activities undertaken to create and market an idea of a company and its product, as well as distributing the idea among various groups of people. Communication is a highly dynamic phenomenon, and we can observe the continuous development of new forms of marketing communication: internet communication, mobile communication, viral marketing, buzz marketing, guerrilla marketing, advergaming, and ambush marketing. The sensory impact on the customer’s senses, defined as sensory marketing, is a relatively new tool of supporting the marketing communication process. Multisensory technologies are becoming more and more common in the sector of tourism services. Sensory marketing is a great add-on to the traditional forms of marketing communication and an integral part of a multisensory brand experience. The aim of this study is to describe the holistic concept of sensory marketing, identify the forms and ways of influencing people’s senses in the process of selling consumer goods, as well as provide some examples from the tourism services sector. This is the review article.
Interactive Immersive Design Application: Analysis of Requirements

In this paper we report on the progress of an international EU/IMS research project to develop an Immersive free-form Design Application using Virtual Reality and Haptic Immersion Technologies. The results of a detailed Requirements Analysis for the application interaction are presented. The application uses a Virtual Sculpting metaphor to interactively define arbitrary formed shapes as they are used in the area of industrial design prototyping of consumer electronic products. The implementation is based on a Enhanced Direct Manipulation Free-Form Deformation Algorithm.
Cross-type segment power supply

PURPOSE: A cross-type segment power supply apparatus for being on and off controlled is provided to selectively a plurality of power feed modules by controlling a switch which controls the direction of a current which flows in the power feed module. CONSTITUTION: A power feed core(230) includes a magnetic pole which is serially arranged along the progressive direction of a moving body. A power feed module(210) is arranged to be serially in a row along the progressive direction of the moving body in the power feed core. Feeding lines(211,212,221,222) are arranged to have different polarities along the progressive direction of the moving body. A switch part controls connection between the feeding lines. The switch part includes a switch which on-off controls the feeding state of the power feed module.
Hubungan Antara Struktur Kepemilikan, Corporate Governance, dan Nilai Perusahaan: Suatu Kajian Konseptual

This research is a study koseptual studying relation between practice of corporategovernance and company value where related to wedge(control rights - cash flowrights). Besides, studies relation between ownership of stock by the side ofstrangers foreigners but Indonesia original(ATI) and ownership of stock by theside of strangers foreigners non-Indonesia(ANI)to company value and practiceof corporate governance. Based on review literature from former research andbased on critical idea it is indicated that ownership structure hardly influencesrelation between practice of corporate governance and company value. Besides,to know relation between ATI and ANI with company value it is indicated thatownership of stock ATI will had lower influence to company value if it iscompared to ownership of stock ANI. Side other, to know the relation of ATI andANI with corporate governance, indicated ownership of stock ATI to have lowermotivation than ownership of stock ANI to execute practice of corporategovernance carefully.
13C discrimination between diet, faeces, milk and milk components

Stable isotope analysis is a fundamental tool in food origin and authenticity testing. Its use in livestock production requires knowledge of isotope discrimination between product and diet. Here, we report 13C discrimination (13Δ) for milk, milk components (fat, casein and lactose) and faeces in eight lactating dairy cows, which grazed pasture or were fed fresh pasture herbage in the stall. Cows were supplemented with grain maize at 1.72 kg d−1 (dry matter). Feed components were collected daily, and faeces, milk fat, casein, lactose and whole milk 4 times per week during an 8-week-long sampling period. Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of each sample was analysed. δ13C was lowest in milk fat (−29.8 ‰) and highest in casein (−26.4 ‰). Compared to the diet, whole milk was depleted in 13C (13Δ = 0.4 ‰) due to a strong 13C-depletion of fat (13Δ = 2.2 ‰), which was not fully compensated by the 13C-enrichment of casein (13Δ = −1.1 ‰) and lactose (13Δ = −0.7 ‰). Faeces were also depleted in 13C (13Δ =1.7 ‰). Influences of feeding environment (stall vs. pasture) and herbage quality were minor (<0.4 ‰). A review of literature data shows large variation between studies. We consider that the present results are superior, as they are based on a much larger data set regarding the number of cows and milkings (total n = 256) with greater detail in analyses of diet and milk products. Also, the study covered both stall- and pasture-feeding scenarios in realistic settings with long periods of equilibration. This is the first comprehensive analysis of 13C discrimination between diet and all main milk components (as well as faeces). Thus, the results will improve the use of stable isotope analyses in regard to authenticity testing and proof of origin.
Urine pyridinium cross-links determinations by Beckman Cross Links Kit.

Increased understanding of bone turnover has led to the development of several biochemical tests of bone metabolism. Among the biochemical indexes of bone resorption is measurement of urinary excretion of pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr), molecules that cross-link the collagen chains and are released into the systemic circulation after the breakdown of mature bone collagen (1)(2)(3). Because they are not metabolized in vivo, they are excreted directly into urine in free (∼40%) and peptide-bound forms (∼60%) (4). Methods to measure cross-links in urine involve mainly two technical approaches: HPLC analysis, which, after hydrolytic and purification steps, allows the determination of the total forms of cross-links (5)(6)(7), and monoclonal antibody immunoassay methods able to quantify the sum of free Pyr and Dpyr or only the free Dpyr form (8)(9). The quantification of total or free cross-links forms provides, in any case, similar clinical information (9)(10). Here we report the evaluation of the Cross LinksTM HPLC kit recently introduced by Beckman Labs. to quantify the total forms of Pyr and Dpyr. We compared the performance of this procedure with the Chrom- LinksTM …
Multiple Amino Acid Substitutions Allow DNA Polymerases to Synthesize RNA*

DNA and RNA polymerase exhibit similarities in structures and catalytic mechanisms, suggesting that both classes of enzymes are evolutionarily related. To probe the biochemical and structure-function relationship between the two classes of polymerases, a large library (200,000 members) of mutant Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I (Taq pol I) was created containing random substitutions within a portion of the dNTP binding site (motif A; amino acids 605–617), and a fraction of all selected active Taq pol I (291 of 8000) was tested for the ability to incorporate successive ribonucleotides; 23 unique mutants that added rNTPs into a growing polynucleotide chain were identified and sequenced. These mutants, each containing one to four substitutions, incorporate ribonucleotides at a efficiency approaching 103-fold greater than that of wild type Taq pol I. Several mutants added successive ribonucleotides and thus can catalyze the synthesis of RNA. Sequence analysis of these mutants demonstrates that at least two amino acid residues are involved in excluding ribonucleotides from the active site. Interestingly, wild type DNA polymerases from several distinct families selectively discriminate against rUTP. This study suggests that current DNA and RNA polymerases could have evolved by divergent evolution from an ancestor that shared a common mechanism for polynucleotide synthesis.
Transcendental Meditation vs Pseudo-Meditation on Visual Choice Reaction Time

Research designed to assess performance changes attributable to Transcendental Meditation has shown clear segregation of reaction time (RT) distributions between practicers of Transcendental Meditation and subjects in either a rest or mental task control group (Appelle & Oswald, 1974). The present study was designed to extend these results from simple to visual choice RT and evaluate the psychological equivalency between Transcendental Meditation and a pseudo-meditative technique which partially imitated its procedure. Forty-two adults served in one of three conditions: 14 actual Transcendental Meditators, 14 pseudo-meditators, and 14 rest controls. All received the same preand post-"rest" visual choice RT task, a 40-trial red/green discrimination. During the 20-min. "rest" period, the Transcendental Meditators meditated, the pseudo-meditators were instructed to focus on a word repeated continuously on a tape loop (Benson, 1975), and the rest controls remained isolated and quiet. Median RTs were calculated for each subject and testing session and submirted to a mixed-model analysis of variance (Groups X Testing session). Post-"rest". RTs (Transcendental Meditators' M = 372 msec., SD = 62; pseudomeditators' M = 398 rnsec., SD = 63; controls' M = 390 msec., SD = 44) were significantly less (P = 35.8, df = 1/42, p < .Ol) than pre-"rest" (Transcendental Meditators' M = 422 msec., SD = 60; pseudo-meditators' M = 412 msec., SD = 50; controls' M = 409 msec., SD = 52). Inspection of the significant inreraction (F = 5.78, df = 2/42, p < .05) showed the facilitated performance of the Transcendental Meditators after meditation compared to the pseudo-meditation or conuol groups. Although all groups showed a decrement in RT from preto posttest, the general "practice" effect was enhanced for the Transcendental Meditators. Thus the facilitative effect of Transcendental Meditation on visual choice RT was demonstrated. While the specific locus of this effect was not isolated, these results corroborate and extend the findings of Appelle and Oswald (1974).
Domain-specific term extraction from free texts

Domain-specific term extraction is a subtask of domain-specific ontology construction, and has been applied into text classification, information retrieval, question answering, automatic indexing, and machine translation and so on. In this paper, we propose an iterative bootstrapping approach to extracting domain-specific terms from un-annotated Chinese free texts. The strings whose internal components are with more probabilities being inside domain-specific terms are identified as candidate terms. Experimental results on three domains of computer, military, and archaeology demonstrate the effectiveness and domain independent nature of our approach.
Alpha 2-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors have opposing actions on cyclic AMP levels in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells.

Forskolin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were shown to increase cyclic AMP accumulation in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH cells. The alpha 2-adrenergic agonist UK 14304 decreased forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP levels by 40 +/- 2%, with an EC50 of 83 +/- 20 nM. This response was blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PT) (EC50 = 1 ng/ml) or by the alpha 2-antagonists yohimbine, idazoxan, and phentolamine. Antagonist IC50 values were 0.3 +/- 0.1, 2.2 +/- 0.3, and 1.4 +/- 0.1 microM, respectively. This finding suggests the presence of normal inhibitory coupling of SK-N-SH cell alpha 2-adrenergic receptors to adenylate cyclase via the inhibitory GTP-binding protein species, Gi. Muscarinic receptors in many target cell types are coupled to inhibition of adenylate cyclase. However, in SK-N-SH cells, muscarinic agonists synergistically increased (67-95%) the level of cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by forskolin or VIP. EC50 values for carbamylcholine (CCh) and oxotremorine facilitation of the forskolin response were 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.3 +/- 0.1 microM, respectively. Pharmacological studies using the muscarinic receptor subtype-preferring antagonists 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine, pirenzepine, and AF-DX 116 indicated mediation of this response by the M3 subtype. IC50 values were 14 +/- 1, 16,857 +/- 757, and 148,043 +/- 16,209 nM, respectively. CCh-elicited responses were unaffected by PT pretreatment. Muscarinic agonist binding affinity was indirectly measured by the ability of CCh to compete for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites on SK-N-SH cell membranes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Word-of-Mouth Scale in a Services Context

Word of mouth (WOM) marketing has become a key focus for many organisations, given the decreasing trust customers are placing in organisations and advertising. Against this background, academic research into WOM has failed to keep pace with managers’ escalating interest in the topic. Questions such as what is WOM, how is it measured and how can it be managed have not been fully answered by prior research. In particular, much of the literature views WOM as the simple delivery of information and does not take account of the construct’s richness. The present study addressed this gap by developing a parsimonious and practical three-factor scale (emotional intensity of the message, the cognitive quality of the message and the credibility of the message) with good measurement properties. The scale is appropriate for both WOM delivery (i.e. when WOM is modelled as an outcome of a service process) as well as WOM receipt (i.e. examining outcomes following WOM). No previous WOM measures have been usable in both contexts.