Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Methanomethylovorans hollandica gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from Freshwater Sediment, a Methylotrophic Methanogen Able To Grow on Dimethyl Sulfide and Methanethiol

ABSTRACT A newly isolated methanogen, strain DMS1T, is the first obligately anaerobic archaeon which was directly enriched and isolated from a freshwater sediment in defined minimal medium containing dimethyl sulfide (DMS) as the sole carbon and energy source. The use of a chemostat with a continuous DMS-containing gas stream as a method of enrichment, followed by cultivation in deep agar tubes, resulted in a pure culture. Since the only substrates utilized by strain DMS1T are methanol, methylamines, methanethiol (MT), and DMS, this organism is considered an obligately methylotrophic methanogen like most other DMS-degrading methanogens. Strain DMS1T differs from all other DMS-degrading methanogens, since it was isolated from a freshwater pond and requires NaCl concentrations (0 to 0.04 M) typical of the NaCl concentrations required by freshwater microorganisms for growth. DMS was degraded effectively only in a chemostat culture in the presence of low hydrogen sulfide and MT concentrations. Addition of MT or sulfide to the chemostat significantly decreased degradation of DMS. Transient accumulation of DMS in MT-amended cultures indicated that transfer of the first methyl group during DMS degradation is a reversible process. On the basis of its low level of homology with the most closely related methanogen, Methanococcoides burtonii (94.5%), its position on the phylogenetic tree, its morphology (which is different from that of members of the genera Methanolobus,Methanococcoides, and Methanohalophilus), and its salt tolerance and optimum (which are characteristic of freshwater bacteria), we propose that strain DMS1T is a representative of a novel genus. This isolate was named Methanomethylovorans hollandica. Analysis of DMS-amended sediment slurries with a fluorescence microscope revealed the presence of methanogens which were morphologically identical to M. hollandica, as described in this study. Considering its physiological properties, M. hollandica DMS1T is probably responsible for degradation of MT and DMS in freshwater sediments in situ. Due to the reversibility of the DMS conversion, methanogens like strain DMS1T can also be involved in the formation of DMS through methylation of MT. This phenomenon, which previously has been shown to occur in sediment slurries of freshwater origin, might affect the steady-state concentrations and, consequently, the total flux of DMS and MT in these systems.
The relationship of plasma glucose and HbA1c Levels among emergency department patients with no prior history of diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES Patients without a history of diabetes mellitus may be incidentally found to be hyperglycemic in the emergency department (ED). If the hyperglycemia is due to undiagnosed diabetes, then an opportunity for detection exists. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) provides a weighted average of blood glucose levels over the past several months; high HbA1c levels could indicate diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine whether hyperglycemia in ED patients without a history of diabetes was associated with higher HbA1c levels. METHODS This was a prospective nonconsecutive case series of adults aged 18 years or older presenting to the ED with acute illness for whom a plasma glucose sample was drawn for clinical management. A history of diabetes/hyperglycemia or current symptoms of diabetes excluded patients. HbA1c levels were analyzed for a glucose cutoff of 110 mg/dL; the data were further analyzed using additional glucose cutoffs. Based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey outpatient screening data, an HbA1c level > or =6.2% was considered elevated (sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 97% for identifying diabetes). RESULTS There were 541 patients enrolled; the glucose level correlated with the HbA1c level (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). Among the 331 patients with a glucose level > or =110 mg/dL, 22.4% had an elevated HbA(1c) level; among the 210 patients with a glucose level < 110 mg/dL, 7.6% had an elevated HbA1c level. There were few patients (n = 13) with a glucose level > or =200 mg/dL, but most (85%) had an elevated HbA1c level. Among the 140 patients with a mildly elevated glucose level (110-125 mg/dL), 16.4% had an elevated HbA(1c) level. CONCLUSIONS Elevated HbA1c levels are found in ED patients with elevated random plasma glucose values. ED patients with hyperglycemia may warrant referral for diabetes testing.
Statins, stem cells, and cancer

The statins (3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) were proven to be effective antilipid agents against cardiovascular disease. Recent reports demonstrate an anticancer effect induced by the statins through inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, or inhibition of angiogenesis. These effects are due to suppression of the mevalonate pathway leading to depletion of various downstream products that play an essential role in cell cycle progression, cell signaling, and membrane integrity. Recent evidence suggests a shared genomic fingerprint between embryonic stem cells, cancer cells, and cancer stem cells. Activation targets of NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, and c‐MYC are more frequently overexpressed in certain tumors. In the absence of bona fide cancer stem cell lines, human embryonic stem cells, which have similar properties to cancer and cancer stem cells, have been an excellent model throwing light on the anticancer affects of various putative anticancer agents. It was shown that key cellular functions in karyotypically abnormal colorectal and ovarian cancer cells and human embryonic stem cells are inhibited by the statins and this is mediated via a suppression of this stemness pathway. The strategy for treatment of cancers may thus be the targeting of a putative cancer stem cell within the tumor with specific agents such as the statins with or without chemotherapy. The statins may thus play a dual prophylactic role as a lipid‐lowering drug for the prevention of heart disease and as an anticancer agent to prevent certain cancers. This review examines the relationship between the statins, stem cells, and certain cancers. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 975–983, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BİREYSEL YENİLİKÇİLİK DÜZEYLERİ

Bu arastirmada, Ilahiyat Fakultesi ogrencilerinin bireysel yenilikcilik duzeyleri cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu, 2016-2017 ogretim yilinda AIBU Ilahiyat Fakultesinde ogrenim goren gonullu 240 kisi olusturmaktadir. Arastirmaya veri elde etmek icin Kilicer ve Odabasi (2010)’in “Bireysel Yenilikcilik Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Elde edilen verilere gore; ogrencilerin bireysel yenilikcilik duzeylerinin yuksek oldugu belirlenmistir. Ogrencilerin bireysel yenilikcilik ozellikleri oncu (%39), sorgulayici (35) ve yenilikci (%15) ve kuskucu (%8) ve gelenekci (%3) oraninda oldugu belirlenmistir. Ayrica ogrencilerin bireysel yenilikcilik duzeyleri, cinsiyet, sinif, kitap okuma ve internet kullanma degiskenlerine gore anlamli farklar olmadigi; sosyal iliski duzeylerine gore ise anlamli bir iliskinin oldugu, yani ogrencilerin sosyal iliski duzeyi arttikca bireysel yenilikcilik duzeylerinin de arttigi tespit edilmistir.
The use of leverage in community mental health: Ethical guidance for practitioners

Background: Leverage is a particular type of treatment pressure that is used within community mental health services to increase patients’ adherence to treatment. Because leverage involves practitioners making proposals that attempt to influence patients’ behaviours and choices, the use of leverage raises ethical issues. Aim: To provide guidance that can assist practitioners in making judgements about whether it is ethically acceptable to use leverage in a particular clinical context. Method: Methods of ethical analysis. Results: Four ethical duties relevant to making such judgements are outlined. These four duties are (1) benefitting the individual patient, (2) benefitting other individuals, (3) treating patients fairly and (4) respecting patients’ autonomy. The practical requirements that follow from each of these duties are considered in detail. It is argued that practitioners should determine whether the use of leverage will mean that care is provided in ways that are consistent with the requirements of these four duties, regardless of whether the patient accepts or rejects the terms of the proposal made. Conclusion: Particular attention must be paid to determine how the requirements of the four duties should be applied in each specific treatment scenario, and in making careful judgements when these duties pull in opposing directions.
Benford’s Law and Stock Market—The Implications for Investors: The Evidence from India Nifty Fifty

Benford’s law which is also known as first digit law states that data follow a certain frequency. This law was applied to accounting by Nigrini (2012, Benford’s Law: Applications for forensic accounting, auditing, and fraud detection [Vol. 586], John Wiley & Sons) and later on, an exhaustive study was carried out by Amiram, Bozanic, and Rouen (2015, Review of Accounting Studies, 20(4), 1540–1593) to explore the applicability of the law to detect accounting frauds which was proven to be working. The literature has substantial evidence on relationship between accounting numbers and stock returns. The application of Benford’s law to stock trade and returns was explored and it was found that stock trade that included volume, number of trades, and turnover confirmed the distribution but stock returns did not conform the distribution (Jayasree, 2017, Jindal Journal of Business Research, 6(2), 172–186). In this context, the present study attempts to understand its implications to investors by examining the three-day moving average of stock prices and volatility volume by using Chainkin money flow during announcement and post-announcement period of observation. The study also examines whether stocks conforming the distribution and stocks not conforming the distribution are significantly different in buying and selling.
Modeling and analysis of wireless electro-mechanical energy transfer and conversion using resonant inductive coupling

This paper presents a basic model of an electro-mechanical energy conversion system using the resonant inductive coupling as well as the power transfer system between the coils. The proposed system utilizes two sets of two-phase air-core coils both for the stator and the mover. There exists parasitic capacitance of the coils which is connected in series. Thus the whole system has certain resonant frequencies. Two-phase voltage source connected to the primary coils is driven at the resonant frequency. Unlike conventional wireless power transfer systems using resonant inductive coupling, the proposed system can generate moving flux field. The proposed system is similar to the induction machine but it is driven at very high resonant frequency and the slip ratio is also quite high. Tendency of the generated force of the mover obtained by the FEA simulation shows that can be explained by the model derived.
Classifying emotional states using pitch and formants in vowel regions

In the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), human emotion recognition from speech signal is evolving as a recent research area. Speech is the most common way for communication among human beings. Speech consists of sentences, which can be further segregated into words. Words consist of phonemes which are considered to be the primary voice construction elements. This paper presents a classification of four basic emotional states, namely anger, happy, sad, and neutral by extracting acoustic features from the speech signal. Production features mainly F0, i.e., pitch and formants F1, F2, and F3 are derived from the speech signal using only the vowel parts of English language i.e., /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/, without requiring to process the speech signal of entire utterances or sentences. Using the pitch and formants feature vectors, the emotion classification has been carried out using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In this preliminary investigation, the vowel regions have been separated manually, so as to assess their efficacy in classifying the emotions. The approach has been validated using an emotional speech dataset in English language, collected especially for this study. The performance evaluation results obtained are encouraging. This approach can be further refined for wider applications.
In situ Fluoride Response of Caries Lesions with Different Mineral Distributions at Baseline

The present in situ study investigated the fluoride response of caries lesions with similar mineral loss but two distinct mineral distributions (low- and high-‘R’, calculated as the ratio of mineral loss to lesion depth). Sixteen subjects wore eight gauze-covered enamel specimens with preformed lesions placed buccally on their mandibular partial dentures for periods up to 4 weeks. The participants brushed twice daily for 1 min with an 1,100 ppm F (as NaF) dentifrice. After 3 and 4 weeks, specimens were retrieved and analyzed microradiographically (TMR) and by quantitative light fluorescence (QLF). TMR results revealed that low- and high-R lesions showed opposite behaviors – low-R lesions further demineralized, whereas high-R lesions exhibited some remineralization. In comparison, lesion depth increased in low-R, but remained unchanged in high-R lesions; R decreased in both, but more in high-R lesions; mineral density at the lesion surface remained unchanged in low-R, but increased in high-R lesions. Differences in mineral loss between lesion types increased further between 3 and 4 weeks. QLF did not mirror TMR results as low-R lesions were found to remineralize, whereas high-R lesions remained unchanged. It is likely that low-R lesions differ from high-R lesions chemically and microstructurally; therefore rendering low-R lesion more susceptible to further dissolution. During lesion formation, low-R in contrast to high-R lesions may not lose all of the solubility-determining impurities such as magnesium and carbonate, which can reprecipitate again in different mineral phases within the lesion. In conclusion, mineral distribution at baseline directly impacts in situ lesion response to fluoride.
Increased Serum FSH Levels Correlated with Low and High Sperm Counts in Male Infertile Patients

FSH, LH und Testosteron wurden mittels radioimmunologischer Methoden im Serum von 57 (bzw. 42) gesunden Kontrollpersonen und 80 Patienten einer Sterilitätssprechstunde für Männer gemessen. Bei der ersteren Gruppe wurde für FSH ein Mittelwert von 2,5 ng/ml mit einem Streubereich von 0,25–5,3 ng/ml gefunden. Der Mittelwert des LH betrug 2,2 ng/ml (0,5–5,6 ng/ml), der des Testosteron 540 ng/100 ml (190–890 ng/ml).
Targeted delivery of insulin-modified immunoliposomes in vivo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of liposomes conjugated with insulin to the surface on circulation time, biodistribution, and antitumor activity after intravenous injection in tumor-bearing mice. Immunoliposomes were constructed with insulin, which was covalently linked to liposomes containing anticancer drugs. In order to investigate the targeting performance of insulin-modified immunoliposomes (SILs) in vivo, plasma pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor activity were tested. In comparison with nontargeted liposomes (SLs), SILs were cleared faster from circulation as a result of greater liver and tumor uptake. In addition, SILs retarded the growth of the tumor effectively, compared with the ZTO injection or SL. This is the first time for selective in vivo targeting of tumor vessels using insulin-modified immunoliposomes. SILs are candidate drug-delivery systems for therapeutic anticancer approaches.
Magnifying colonoscopy in differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic colorectal lesions

OBJECTIVE:Because the medical management of persons with adenomatous colorectal polyps differs from that of those with hyperplastic polyps, accuracy of diagnosis is essential. This study reports our experience using a magnifying colonoscope combined with indigocarmine dye to diagnose colorectal polyps, emphasizing its ability to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions.METHODS:The materials consisted of 175 polyps. A 0.2% indigocarmine solution was sprayed, and the colonoscope zoom apparatus performed a magnified observation after an ordinary colonoscopy identified the lesions. The pit patterns were classified into six categories: I, II, IIIL, IIIs, IV, and V according to Kudo's modified classification.RESULTS:The percentages of neoplastic changes in the lesions with pit pattern I, II, IIIL, IIIs, IV, and V were 0, 12.2, 69.7, 80, 84.4, and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of neoplastic lesions was 93.8% and specificity was 64.6% when types I and II represented the pit pattern of nonneoplastic lesions and types IIIL, IIIs, IV, and V represented neoplastic lesions. The overall diagnostic accuracy in differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions was 80.1%. The diagnostic accuracy is not influenced by the size and shape of the lesions. The six neoplastic lesions that were misjudged to be nonneoplastic were histologically adenoma with only mild atypia.CONCLUSIONS:The pit pattern analysis of colorectal lesions by magnifying colonoscopy is a useful and objective tool for differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions of the large bowel. In its current state of development, however, this technique is not a substitute for histology.
Signal variability in shallow-water sound channels

Coherence of broad-band acoustic waves for mid-to-high frequencies (0.6-18 kHz) is obtained for a very shallow-water (15-m-deep) waveguide over a wide band of environmental conditions and for a source-receiver range of 387 m. Temporal behavior is sampled at two different rates: one that resolves at fractions of a second over intermittent periods of 40 s and another that resolves at 10 min over periods of several days. Spatial behavior is sampled in the vertical by hydrophones with spacings of the order of meters. The effect of environmental variability on coherence, in particular, soundspeed fluctuations in the water column and wind-induced modulations of the air-sea interface, is noted as a function of acoustic frequency and ray path. Analysis of the acoustic fluctuations over short time scales more accurately resolves the temporal decorrelation of the received signal due to sea surface waves. The vertical sampling of the received signal permits an analysis of arrival-angle fluctuations. The dependence of coherence on the number of surface bounces is studied by comparing arrivals that have zero, one, two, and three surface bounces.
Differential LRRK2 expression in the cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra in transgenic and nontransgenic rodents

Mutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are found in a significant proportion of late‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Elucidating the neuroanatomical localization of LRRK2 will further define LRRK2 function and the molecular basis of PD. Here, we utilize recently characterized monoclonal antibodies to evaluate LRRK2 expression in rodent brain regions relevant to PD. In both mice and rats, LRRK2 is highly expressed in the cortex and striatum, particularly in pyramidal neurons of layer V and in medium spiny neurons within striosomes. Overall, rats have a more restricted distribution of LRRK2 compared with mice. Mice, but not rats, show high levels of LRRK2 expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Expression of the pathogenic LRRK2‐G2019S protein from mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) constructs closely mimics endogenous LRRK2 distribution in the mouse brain. However, LRRK2‐G2019S expression derived from human BAC constructs causes LRRK2 to be expressed in additional neuron subtypes in the rat such as striatal cholinergic interneurons and the substantia nigra pars compacta. The distribution of LRRK2 from human BAC constructs more closely resembles descriptions of LRRK2 in humans and nonhuman primates. Computational analyses of DNA regulatory elements in LRRK2 show a primate‐specific promoter sequence that does not exist in lower mammalian species. These noncoding regions may be involved in directing neuronal expression patterns. Together, these studies will aid in understanding the normal function of LRRK2 in the brain and will assist in model selection for future studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2465–2480, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are All Trade Protection Policies Created Equal? Empirical Evidence for Nonequivalent Market Power Effects of Tariffs and Quotas

Over the past 50years, the steel industry has been protected by a wide variety of trade policies, both tariff- and quota-based. We exploit this extensive heterogeneity in trade protection to examine the well-established theoretical literature predicting nonequivalent effects of tariffs and quotas on domestic firms' market power. Using plant-level Census Bureau data for steel plants from 1967 to 2002, we find evidence for significant market power effects for binding quota-based protection, but not tariff-based protection, particularly with respect to integrated and minimill steel producers. Our results are robust to calculation with two standard measures of market power and controlling for potential endogeneity of trade policies.
Comparative Study of the Surgical Margins between Oncoplastic Breast Surgery and Quadrantectomy in Breast Conserving Surgery

Objective: To evaluate the oncological safety of oncoplastic procedures by studying the status of the surgical margins of the excised tumor specimen in comparison with standard quadrantectomies. Method: This is a study that was conducted at Queen Alia Military Hospital (QAMH), Amman, Jordan, between January 2009 until August 2011. Fifteen consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery (group1) and 15 patients who underwent standard quadrantectomy (group 2) were studied with regard to the stage of breast cancer, the surgical procedures performed, the volume of breast tissue excised, and the histopathology of the tumor specimen, with specific details on surgical margins. Results: Patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery (group 1) were younger (mean age 48.73 years) than patients who had a classic quadrantectomy (group 2; mean age 55.76 years. The mean volume of the excised specimen in group 1 was 188.2 cm 3 , compared with 101.6 cm 3 in group 2. Surgical margins were negative in all 15 cases in group 1 and 14 out of 15 in group 2. The average width of the surgical margin was 9.2 mm in group 1 and 6.3 mm in group 2.