Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low heritability-high variance controversy for dairy cattle disease traits

Traits with low heritability estimates such as health and fertility are often assumed to have low genetic variance. However, the heritability is a ratio of additive genetic variance over all variance, and thus, the genetic variation of these traits may only be proportionally small. Health in dairy cattle is important, not only in its own right but also for human health and animal welfare. The coefficient of variation (CV) can be used to express genetic variance without units, allowing for comparison between traits regardless of their measurement units, in the same way heritability can be used. The CV is the standard deviation of the trait divided by the mean. In addition, the use of within-family variances may allow for more accurate investigation of genetic variance, because when within-family variances are large, between family variance (which is the basis for heritability estimation) is low. However, for international genetic and genomic evaluations, phenotypic measurements are not always available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of using CV for observations based on estimated or relative breeding values (EBV/RBV), and to investigate whether the low heritability seen for health traits, is related to low genetic variance, as defined by CV. Data for Brown Swiss cattle from 6 countries available from the Interbull evaluation of April 2014 were used and CV was calculated for within sire family variances and for the population as a whole based on international estimated breeding values (IEBV) using SAS 9.3. The breeding values were standardised differently for different countries, and were separated accordingly. However, there are reasons to believe that the interpretation of the results may be complicated because of this, and thus the validity of the CV for this evaluation may not be justified. If this is ignored for the time being, the following results were found. For all traits, population CVs were larger than sire-family CVs. Traits had either means for breeding values of 100 or 0 depending on the country, but there was no correlation between these two types of means for individual traits. Differences were found between countries for overall mean CV. Differences between different categories of traits (e.g. calving, fertility, production) were found, with production and fertility traits having the lowest overall CV across countries. Within countries, ranking of trait categories were somewhat different, but generally workability and udder health traits had high CVs. No significant correlations were found between the CV of traits and their heritability estimates, except when separating traits by country. This was only significant for Germany-Austria. Overall, the CV is useful for comparing the variance of traits with different measurement units. However, because of the nature of the breeding values in this study, it may not be appropriate to use the CV. Therefore, it is concluded that CV, although useful in itself, is not a good approach when evaluating relative breeding values across countries.
Thermal treatment of organic waste and its function as a controlled risk mitigation strategy

Land application of organic waste is a convenient disposal method, improves soil properties by adding organic matter and recycles plant nutrients. Used in this way, organic waste is a resource, but it can also be a transmission route for pathogens with animal and human origin, such as Salmonella, verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) and avian influenza virus (AIV). Many pathogens are known to be able to survive for long time periods in soil after land application of organic waste. The total amount of pathogens entering the environment is eventually reduced due to environmental factors, e.g. UV-light and desiccation. Mitigation strategies applied after land application, for instance holding times, can reduce the risk for disease transmission to grazing animals. However, it is difficult to predict the reduction occurring within a given time. Thus, controlled mitigation strategies, such as, sanitization treatments are therefore needed. This thesis investigated the effect of thermal treatment on the inactivation rate of bacterial and viral pathogens, aiming to produce a hygienically safe end-product. For thermal treatment of organic waste it is recommended to keep a temperature above 50°C. Some organisms, such as AIV, can be rapidly reduced at lower temperatures. However, many organisms show a slow reduction at lower temperatures and some bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella, might even regrow. The reduction target of 5 log10, for Salmonella Senftenberg W775 and Enterococcus faecalis, can be reached within 11.7 h at a temperature of 50.5°C. To reach a 3 log10 reduction of the thermotolerant virus, in this case porcine parvovirus, sufficiently longer treatment times are needed, e.g. 42 h at 55°C. However, the use of such thermotolerant viruses in the validation process has been questioned. Making use of the less thermotolerant bacteriophage ΦX174, as a process indicator, indicates that the treatment recommendations concerning viral reduction could be lowered to 5.8 h at 55°C. Thermal treatment can ensure; that a hygienically safe end-product is obtained from organic waste, safe handling of material from AI outbreaks, and help in reducing the risk for pathogen transmission to the environment.
Using orthographic neighborhood size manipulations to investigate memory deficits in aging memory

Abstract In three previous studies, manipulations of orthographic neighborhood size and orienting task were used to differentiate between item-specific and relational processing in young adults (aged 18–35) in standard recognition tasks. The current study attempts to investigate memory deficits in older adults (aged 65+) using similar manipulations. Experiment 1 manipulated orthographic neighborhood size within an item recognition task. Young adults demonstrated a standard mirror effect, showing more accurate performance for low-N words. No such effect was found in older adults, possibly indicating a deficit in item-specific processing. Experiment 2 included an orienting task during study to emphasize a specific type of processing. While younger adults’ performance was influenced by orienting task, older adults showed consistently better performance for High-N words. These results suggest that older adults show a deficit in item-specific processing, relying more on relational processing regardless of task.
The business of cultural heritage tourism: critical success factors

This paper explores critical success factors (CSFs) required for cultural heritage tourism (CHT) operation and how these relate to commercial focus. The literature indicates tension between conservation of authenticity and commercial focus as it is seen to undermine authenticity, potentially degrading its quality and ultimate success as a tourism product. A list of nine key CHT business success factors was devised based on the published literature. Managers and operators of a range of Australian CHT operations were interviewed regarding achievement of CSFs. The operations were broadly categorised according to the level of commercial focus. The level of commercial focus was cross-tabulated with the number of CHT business CSFs achieved. While all places in this study had addressed authenticity, CHT places presenting highly commercialised products tended to meet the criteria for achieving a greater number of CSFs than their less-commercialised counterparts. This has implications for sustainable CHT operation practices.
Providing Security for Multi-Clouds

Cloud computing is computing that involves a large number of computers connected through a communication network such as the Internet. The term "the cloud" is essentially a metaphor for the Internet. As the security in single clouds is becoming a challenge to provide we move on to multi clouds by splitting a single file to multiple files and store them in different servers. We split a single file into small four different files encrypt them and store them in four different servers in order to provide security. When any intruders enter into the server they can’t get any access to the files.
Time budget and diving behaviour of chick-rearing Crozet shags

Blue-eyed shags are known to be capable of the deepest dives in the cormorant family. Yet, the way these birds balance their energy and time budgets remains enigmatic. Using ventrally attached time–depth recorders on chick-rearing Crozet shags (Phalacrocorax melanogenis Blyth, 1860), we simultaneously described their time budget and diving behaviour. Crozet shags are diurnal, benthic foragers (mean foraging range 1.7 km) that spend 37% of the daytime at sea. While at sea, they spend 49% of their time on the water, 44% diving, and 7% flying, and consume mainly benthic nototheniid fish. Larger fish (>20 g) were caught at shallower depths during shorter trips. They made, on average, 4.4 trips/day, each including 2.5 diving periods of 14 dives. On average, Crozet shags dove to 28 m (max. 145 m) for 2 min 2 s (max. 6 min 11 s). Descent and ascent rates became less variable at a depth of 40 m, possibly owing to a change in bird relative buoyancy at that depth. Ten percent of dives exceeded the estimated behavio.
Current state of transanal minimally invasive surgery in the management of rectal cancer

Rectal cancer surgery has undergone a rapid change over the last few decades. We have come a long way from abdominoperineal resection to minimally invasive sphincter preserving techniques. Colorectal cancer screening programs made it possible to diagnose patients at earlier stages and this has led to question the necessity of radical surgery and the possibility of organ preservation. The platform most recently added to the surgical armamentarium is transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS). It utilizes conventional laparoscopic tools to perform endoluminal surgery in rectum. Along with the conceptual changes in rectal cancer management, TAMIS is more frequently used for local excision of malignant rectal tumors. This review highlights the recent advances and current state of the role of TAMIS in the management of rectal cancer at various stages.
Serum Chemistry and Hematology of Black Bears: Physiological Indices of Habitat Quality or Seasonal Patterns?

We evaluated the use of serum chemistry and hematological variables as indices of habitat quality for adult (≥4 yr) female black bears ( Ursus americanus ) in northeastern Minnesota. Blood samples ( n = 182) collected from 48 adult females during 1970–1976 showed seasonal variation ( P < 0.05) for four of five hematologic characters and seven of 13 serum chemistries. Body mass, red-blood-cell count, mean corpuscular-volume, serum-urea nitrogen, uric acid, thyroxine, and Cortisol were different ( P < 0.05) among years of differing food availability. Discriminant functions developed from samples from late summer, autumn, and early hibernation provided 75–80% accuracy in classifying observations into year classes of good and poor food production. Our results suggested that blood characteristics can be indicators of nutritional condition and habitat quality after seasonal rhythms are controlled. We recommend use of blood-profile data to empirically test the utility of our discriminant functions.
Secondary Infertility among Male in Selected Hospital of Bangladesh

Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 respondents who had visited for treatment in hospital and 15 medical doctors through KII process at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Mohammadpur Fertility Services and Training Center and Dhaka Medical College Hospital from March 2013 to June 2013. Among the respondents, majority (53.5%) was in 29-39 years age group and most of them (54.5%) completed college 1 Corresponding author: jakir_msd@yahoo.com Rezaul Karim, Sahaful Alam, Mahadi Hasan Khan, Nasrin Sultana, Saiful Alam, Mohsin Ali, Jakir Hossain Bhuiyan MasudSecondary Infertility among Male in Selected Hospital of Bangladesh EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. III, Issue 5 / August 2015 5208 education. Out of total respondents, 66.3% were smokers, and 33.7% were non smoker. Among the total respondents 22.8 % respondents took alcohol. Out of total respondents 15.8% had sexual transmitted disease. Among all 19.8% respondents BMI were (15-20), 62.4% were (21-26), and 17.8% were (27-32). The most important findings from Key Informant Interviews (KII), 80% respondents were supported the cause of risk factors of male infertility is azospermia and 20% respondents explain different reasons such as food habit, smoking, alcohol, traumatic injury, loss of libido etc. It is strongly recommended to implement a clinic based health campaign to screen cases along with a treatment and prevention program.
The deformation-DIA: A new apparatus for high temperature triaxial deformation to pressures up to 15 GPa

A new deformation apparatus has been developed, based on the widely used cubic-anvil apparatus known as the DIA. Two differential rams, introduced in the upper and lower guide blocks, allow independent control of the differential strain and stress field under high confining pressure. Testing experiments with synchrotron x rays have demonstrated that this deformation DIA (D-DIA) is capable of generating up to 30% axial strain on a 1–2 mm long sample under confining pressures up to 15 GPa at simultaneous high temperatures. Various compressional strain rates from 10−3 to about 5×10−6 s−1 have been achieved. Extensional experiments have also been carried out successfully. Strains are measured by x-ray imaging of the sample which has a length measurement precision of ∼0.1 μm; pressures are monitored using standard materials with well established equations of state. X-ray transparent anvils made of sintered polycrystalline cubic boron nitride have been successfully tested, with a two-dimensional x-ray charge co.
Oreshoot zoning in the Carlin-type Betze orebody, Goldstrike Mine, Eureka County, Nevada

Abstract : Field and laboratory investigations of the giant Betze gold orebody, the largest Carlin-type deposit known, in the north-central Carlin trend, Nevada document that the orebody is composed of individual high-grade oreshoots that contain different geologic, mineralogic, and textural characteristics. The orebody is typical of many structurally controlled Carlin-type deposits, and is hosted in thin-bedded, impure carbonate or limy siltstone, breccia bodies, and intrusive or calc-silicate rock. Most ores in the Betze orebody are highly sheared or brecciated and show evidence of syndeformational hydrothermal deposition. The interplay between rock types and pre- and syn-structural events accounts for most of the distribution and zoning of the oreshoots. Hydrothermal alteration is scale dependent, either in broad, pervasive alteration patterns, or in areas related to various oreshoots. Alteration includes decarbonatization (~decalcification) of carbonate units, argillization (illite-clay), and silicification. Patterns of alteration zoning in and surrounding the Betze orebody define a large porous, dilated volume of rock where high fluid flow predominated. Local restriction of alteration to narrow illite- and clay-rich selvages around unaltered marble or calc-silicate rock phacoids implies that fluid flow favored permeable structures and deformed zones. Gold mainly is present as disseminated sub-micron-sized particles, commonly associated with As-rich pyrite, although one type of oreshoot contains micron-size free gold.
AdS/Ricci-flat correspondence and the Gregory-Laflamme instability

We show that for every asymptotically anti–de Sitter (AdS) solution compactified on a torus there is a corresponding Ricci-flat solution obtained by replacing the torus by a sphere, performing a Weyl rescaling of the metric and appropriately analytically continuing the dimension of the torus/sphere (as in generalized dimensional reduction). In particular, it maps Minkowski spacetime to AdS on a torus, the holographic stress energy tensor of AdS to the stress energy tensor due to a brane localized in the interior of spacetime and AdS black branes to (asymptotically flat) Schwarzschild black branes. Applying it to the known solutions describing the hydrodynamic regime in AdS/CFT, we derive the hydrodynamic stress tensor of asymptotically flat black branes to second order, which is constrained by the parent conformal symmetry. We compute the dispersion relation of the Gregory-Laflamme unstable modes through cubic order in the wave number, finding remarkable agreement with numerical data. In the case of no transverse sphere, AdS black branes are mapped to Rindler spacetime and the second-order transport coefficients of the fluid dual to Rindler spacetime are recovered.
Collecting in a Consumer Culture

In contemporary America, collecting has become a pervasive phenomenon that reflects many aspects of the modem consumer culture. In this-chapter, we define collecting, review its history, and present a grounded theory of its meanings, motivations, moments, and before concluding with an assessment of its social desirability. Throughout, we draw on the relevant literature and on data supplied by informants both during and after the Consumer Behavior Odyssey. Thus, we move between empirical and conceptual approaches to topic, as was true in the development of this research project over its five year history to date.
Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and antiinflammatory activity of Aegle marmelos on albino wistar rats

Aegle marmelos (Linn) is a plant of the Rutaceae family, well known in India as bael/bilva leaves. This research explains about Aegle marmelos, which has widespread use in India due to its various medicinal properties. In the present study, evaluation of physicochemical characteristics; preliminary phytochemical parameters and pharmacological activites of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Aegle marmelos Linn has been carried out. The preliminary phytochemical studies of the ethanolic extract of the leaves showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. The aim of the present study was to carry out phytochemical screening and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory & antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos. Extract was evaluated for antiinflammatory activity by using carrageenaninduced hind paw edema in albino rats and the mean increase in paw volume and % inhibition in paw volume were measured plethysmometrically at different time intervals after carrageenan (1% w/v) injection. Ethanolic extract of A. marmelos shows the presence of some flavonoids and terpenoids & used for the investigation of antidiarrhoeal activity by castor oil induced diarrhoea method. The ethanolic extract showed antiinflammatory and antidiarrhoeal effect in dose dependent manner when compared with the control and standard drug diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg, p.o). These inhibitions were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Thus our investigation suggests a potential benefit of Aegle marmelos in treating conditions associated with inflammatory pain.
Cell Free miRNAs (146a and 26a) Expression in Plasma and Saliva as Potential Biomarkers in Newly Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common systemic autoimmune disease of uncertain etiology, characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial tissues and progressive articular damage. Up to date, the most critical issue in rheumatoid arthritis is the need for reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring individual responsiveness to therapy. Extensive researches highlight micro RNAs expression as promising disease predictors in future. In the current work, we measured and compared the expression of three selected microRNAs, in plasma and saliva of newly diagnosed RA patients and controls. Real time polymerase chain reaction analysis was reviled that miRNAs (146a and 26a) were differentially expressed in RA patients vs. healthy controls; making them as potential biomarkers in RA diagnosis.
Industrial application of surrogate models to optimize crude oil distillation units

This work presents a new approach to optimize existing crude oil distillation systems. The main features of this approach are its ability to provide key insights of the main factors affecting product yields and energy consumption; and the consideration of system limitations, such as crude oil changes, column flooding, heat transfer bottlenecks and product quality specifications. The new approach showcases sophisticated and systematic modelling and optimization methodologies, namely artificial neural networks and simulated annealing. The approach has been applied successfully in a debottlenecking study for yield optimization of a medium-scale Spanish refinery. The implementation of the optimization results was carried out successfully in the refinery; initial projections confirm predicted benefits of $7.2 million per year.
40Ar–39Ar ages and isotope geochemistry of Cretaceous basalts in northern Madagascar: refining eruption ages, extent of crustal contamination and parental magmas in a flood basalt province

Abstract The Madagascar Cretaceous igneous province exposed in the Mahajanga basin is represented by basalt and basaltic andesite lavas. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages (92.3 ± 2.0 Ma and 91.5 ± 1.3 Ma) indicate that the magmatism in the Mahajanga basin started about 92 Ma ago. Four geochemically distinct magma types (Groups A–D) are present. Group A and C rocks have low to moderate TiO2 (1.2–2.6 wt%), Nb (3–9 μg g−1) and Zr (82–200 μg g−1), and show large variations in ɛNdi (+0.1 to −10.8), 206Pb/204Pb (15.28 to 16.33) and γOs (+11.4 to +7378). The large isotopic variations, particularly in Os, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions, are likely due to crustal contamination. The low Pb isotope ratios observed in the Group A and C rocks suggest involvement of continental crust with low μ (238U/204Pb). Group B and D rocks have moderate to high TiO2 (2.2–4.9 wt%), Nb (8–24 μg g−1) and Zr (120–327 μg g−1). Age-corrected isotopes of Group B and D lavas show a small range in ɛNdi (+1.0 to +4.0) and a wide range in γOs (+128 to +1182). Values of 207Pb/204Pb are within the range for Groups A and C, but the Group D 206Pb/204Pb (16.52–17.08) and 208Pb/204Pb (37.51–38.01) values are higher, indicating a different crustal contaminant. Pb isotopic values of the Group B rocks seem to reflect the isotopic features of their mantle source. The magma groups of Mahajanga display a wide range of trace element and isotopic compositions that cannot be explained only by open-system crystallization processes but, rather, by distinct mantle sources.
FleetDB : Follow-the-workload Data Migration for Globe-Spanning Databases

Globally distributed databases provide limited support for access locality optimization and fine-grained object migration. We present FleetDB: a WPaxos-backed strongly-consistent geo-distributed database that adapts to the locality of accesses quickly, safely, and at the most finegrained level —any object can migrate freely across regions to be oriented for ideal performance. FleetDB achieves nearlocal average read and update latencies for workloads that show access-locality. By leveraging its core WPaxos protocol, FleetDB also implements transactions across objects and provides per-object linearizability and transaction serializability.