Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LDPE-g-MAH prepared through solid-phase mechanochemistry and its compatibilizing effects on HDPE/CaCO3

In this paper, a self-designed pan-type mechanochemical reactor was used to achieve solid-phase grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto low density polyethylene (LDPE), which is a new method for realizing functionalization of polyethylene (PE) and can overcome the disadvantages of traditional chemical grafting reactions. The pulverization and stress degradation of LDPE in mechanochemical process was investigated. The grafting copolymer LDPE grafted MAH (LDPE-g-MAH) obtained through the method was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and the grafting rate of MAH onto LDPE could reach 1.4%. The compatibilizing effects of the grafting copolymer on high density PE and calcium carbonate system (HDPE/CaCO3) were also studied. The results of scanning electron microscopy observation and mechanical properties tests showed that the prepared LDPE-g-MAH could improve the compatibility between polymer matrix and inorganic fillers obviously, and enhance the impact strength and elongation at break of the composites to a great degree.
Does Non Vegetarian Food Increases the Risk of COVID-19? - A Review

Aim and Objectives: To review the relation of COIVD 19 occurrence with non-vegetarian diet Summary: Coronavirus is a viral disease that came from animal species to humans and now, it’s spreading from human to hu-man Many people have believed that the consumption of non-vegetarian food, eggs can cause this infection It was reported as saying that there’s no truth in it It spreads mainly from person to person and eating non-vegetarian food and eggs does not cause coronavirus infections Limited access to fresh foods may lead to increased consumption of highly processed foods, which tend to be high in fats, sugars, and salt Such changes in eating behavior could have a negative effect on the immune system, physical and mental health, and the well-being of individuals globally There are a plethora of questions that arise in the realm of food and eating practices Conclusion: Until now, there is no evidence to indicate that non-veg food can transmit the infection The spread or transmission of the virus through food has not yet been reported All food should be cooked by the basic principles of food hygiene This ap-plies to both vegetarian and to non-vegetarian foods Non-vegetarian foods-meats, fish, poultry, and eggs – should be cooked well before eating Avoiding all raw preparations of fish and eggs must be considered This review emphasizes the myth that is associated with non-veg in relation to COVID-19 © IJCRR
A 1.16-V 5.8-to-13.5-ppm/°C Curvature-Compensated CMOS Bandgap Reference Circuit With a Shared Offset-Cancellation Method for Internal Amplifiers

This article introduces an accurate current-mode bandgap reference circuit design with a novel shared offset compensation scheme for its internal amplifiers. This bandgap circuit has been designed to operate over a very wide temperature range from −40 °C to 150 °C. Its output voltage is 1.16 V with a 3.3-V supply voltage. A multi-section curvature compensation method alleviates the error from the bipolar junction transistor’s base–emitter nonlinear voltage dependence on temperature. The bandgap reference circuit contains two operational amplifiers that are utilized to generate proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) and complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) current sources. With the implementation of the described shared offset-cancellation methodology, the simulated output inaccuracy introduced by the amplifier is kept to a 5 $\sigma $ offset within ±4.6 $\mu \text{V}$ while allowing to conserve die size and power consumption by preventing that each amplifier is accompanied by its own active auxiliary offset-cancellation circuit. Designed and fabricated in a 130-nm CMOS process technology, the bandgap reference has a measured output voltage shift of less than 1 mV over a −40 °C to 150 °C temperature range and an overall variation of ±8.2 mV across seven measured samples without trimming.
THE QUALITY AND IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER IN THE ESCARPMENT ZONE OF THE BUG RIVER VALLEY

The use of groundwater from private wells in households is increasing significantly. However, this water is usually untreated, making it a carrier of diseases. Chemical composition plays a key role in assessing groundwater quality. Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization of the environment, pollutants (especially toxic elements) are constantly being released into the aquatic environment and pose a threat to human and animal health. There is a large variety of microorganisms in aquifers. The use of groundwater from aquifers as sources of drinking water without water treatment or disinfection is a public health problem. The material for the study consisted of water samples taken from used and unused domestic wells in villages located in Lubelskie Province, Biała Podlaska County, Janów Podlaski municipality, Poland. ICP-OES was used to determine the composition of elements. The total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria was determined for 5 wells using the pour-plate method according to the Polish Standard PN-EN ISO 6222:2004. Results. The water from the wells is unfit for consumption due to high microbiological contamination. A study would have to be carried out on the content of specific pathogenic microorganisms. In most of the samples analyzed, the heavy metal content of the water is below admissible limits. Conclusions. Water resources of the highest quality should be increasingly protected and retained as drinking water reserves. This is extremely important in view of the progressing climate change and the slow process of groundwater renewal.
Introducing confusion technique as a novel method of effective teaching of chemistry of lipids to first year dental students.

Confusion technique is a game like teaching tool, which is used to achieve departmental as well as specific learning objectives. The technique helps to solve all the queries with an enjoyment. The purpose of this project was to introduce confusion technique as a novel method of teaching to improve learning experience of the students during lectures. The topic phospholipids were selected for first BDS students. Actual execution of the confusion technique was carried out in the classroom. The data was analyzed by using appropriate statistical test and value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. In conclusion it is clear that, students greatly benefit from this new technique of teaching. Confusion technique stimulates students to think and write upon various aspects of a single topic taught. Students develop interest in study-matters with the use of such tools. Comfortable student-teacher rapport is developed and stress-free atmosphere is maintained in the class.
Medium Access Control Protocols for Flying Ad Hoc Networks: A Review

Recently, flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) have been broadly applied to various civilian and military applications. Medium access control (MAC) protocols have attracted significant attention because of their impact on overall network performance. Owing to peculiar features such as high mobility and dynamic topology, however, the design of a MAC protocol for FANETs confronts challenges. Several MAC protocols for FANETs have been reported in literature. In early MAC protocols for FANETs, delay, throughput, and collision detection were the key design concerns. Recently, however, the design of an energy-efficient MAC protocol has become a new research focus. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there exists no survey on MAC protocols for FANETs. This study extensively investigates the existing MAC protocols for FANETs. In this paper, the MAC design issues in FANETs are presented first. Subsequently, the existing MAC protocols are reviewed and discussed from the perspective of major features, operational principles, advantages, and limitations. The MAC protocols are then qualitatively compared in terms of major features, characteristics, and performance factors. Furthermore, open issues and research challenges are summarized and discussed.
Fluorescence quenching method for determining equilibrium constants for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons binding to dissolved humic materials

rn A fluorescence quenching method has been developed for determining equilibrium constants for the association of pyrene, phenanthrene, and anthracene with dissolved humic and fulvic acids. The technique is based upon the observation that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluorescence in aqueous solution is quenched upon association with humic material. Association constants are derived from the fractional decrease in fluorescence intensity as a function of added humic material with Stern-Volmer plots. This allows association constants to be measured without a separation. In addition, the technique involves a ratio measurement so the exact concentration of pollutant need not be determined. Stern-Volmer plots were linear for the three PAHs studied. Anthracene-humic association constants determined by the fluorescence quenching technique correlated reasonably well with values determined by a reverse-phase method. However, unlike the reverse-phase method the measured association constants do not depend on the concentration of dissolved organic matter.
Self-terms of intermolecular force constants

The self-terms of the intermolecular force constants are derived by employing the condition of translation invariance. The self-terms thus obtained ensure that the dynamical matrices of the crystal are always Hermitian. The role of the condition of rotation invariance is discussed. The expressions for the self-terms differ in part from those published by Dolling, Pawley & Powell [Proc. Roy. Soc. (1973). A333, 363-384]. The conditions under which the self-terms of these authors are identical with the present ones are discussed.
Neutron diffraction by time-of-flight spectroscopy on powder samples up to 15 GPa

Abstract A new setup is described which permits time-of-flight neutron diffraction spectra to be obtained on powder samples up to 15 GPa. Full structure refinements by the Rietveld procedures are shown to be possible. Other applications of this apparatus to single crystal or liquid samples are proposed and the extension to higher pressures is discussed.
Comparative adult and continuing education: A guiding essay

This paper provides a guide for developing a research design for comparative studies in adult and continuing education. To that end, a research methodology will be presented that was developed at the COMPALL and INTALL Winter Schools on Comparative Studies in Adult Education and Lifelong Learning. Central elements for systematic comparisons in adult and continuing education are (1) the object of comparison, (2) research fields for comparison, and (3) inductive comparative categories. These elements form the reference points for the development of a comparative research question in adult and continuing education. The comparative analysis proposes a three-step approach from juxtaposition to interpretation: step 1 – descriptive juxtaposition; step 2 – analytical juxtaposition; and step 3 – analytical interpretation.
Bimolecular production of proton bound dimers in the gas phase. A low pressure ion cyclotron resonance technique for examination of solvent exchange equilibria and determination of single molecule solvation energetics

A scheme is presented whereby sequences of fast bimolecular gas phase ion molecule reactions in mixtures containing (CHF2)2O may be used to generate proton bound dimer species at low pressures in an ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer. Using competitive solvent switching reactions it is demonstrated that solvent exchange equilibria may be readily established and from the thermochemical data derived from such equilibria accurate relative single molecule solvation energetics obtained.
Effects of hydrogen on positive charges in gate oxides

Positive charge formation in gate oxides is a main source for the instability of the state-of-the-art metal-oxide-semiconductor device. Despite past efforts, the relation between hydrogenous species and positive charges is not fully understood. In this work, the effects of hydrogen on positive charges will be investigated at both elevated temperature (e.g., 400°C) and room temperature. At 400°C, it is found that hydrogen can convert some defects into hole traps. Three different types of positive charges have been reported recently. They are as-grown hole traps, anti-neutralization positive charges (ANPC), and cyclic positive charges (CPC). Although an exposure to hydrogen at 400°C neutralizes all three, impacts of hydrogen on these three types of defects are markedly different. After the hydrogen-induced neutralization, the defect responsible for ANPC is fully recovered and is the same as that in a fresh device. In contrast, the defect for CPC is not fully recovered and can be reactivated easily by stress.
Tight-binding studies of crystalline Si1-xGex alloys

Lattice constants and bond lengths in crystalline Si1-xGex alloys are calculated by the bond orbital model and radial force model. The results are compared with theoretical results obtained by the valence force-field model calculation and experimental results obtained by X-ray diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements, and are found to be in good agreement with experiments. The trends in elastic constants and electronic band structure as functions of composition x are obtained in the simple virtual-crystal approximation.
A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Auto-Detection and Localization of Targets in Underwater Acoustic Array Networks

The localization and tracking of underwater objects have many applications. In a proactive underwater sensor array, some nodes will periodically broadcast linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals, which will hit the targets, get reflected and received by the other nodes. Depending on the target's position and velocity, the received signals will also be LFM signals of different frequencies and frequency rates. We can use the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) to analyze the received signal's spectrum and find the peak. Based on the location of the peak, the target's distance and radial velocity can be estimated. However, the accuracy is highly dependent on the sampling interval of the spectrum. Smaller sampling interval leads to higher accuracy but also induces considerable complexity. To overcome this issue, we propose a machine learning-based approach to automatically detect the existence of the target, and roughly estimate the peak's location if targets exist. Then over-sampling can be conducted for a small area around the peak, leading to improved accuracy and reduced complexity. The idea is based on the following observation: if a target exists, we will be able to observe an “X” pattern on the spectrum. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.
Adjuvant Option for Effective SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has spread all over the world as an emerging infectious disease, causing a very serious impact on the global economy and public health. To date, there is no specific treatment or vaccines against coronaviruses. To prevent the infection and stop the pandemic, the research and development of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has become an urgent matter. It is worth mentioning that appropriate adjuvants could enhance the strength and speed of the immune responses to vaccination. However, it takes time to customize different adjuvants with distinct targets (cellular or humoral immunity) and action intensity according to different antigens. In this review, we summarize the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of adjuvants commonly used in licensed vaccines, as well as some novel adjuvants under development, hoping to provide information and increase the chances of success in developing effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a short time frame.
Air Quality Profile of Inorganic Ionic Composition of Fine Aerosols at Two Sites in Mumbai City

The levels of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and NO 2 were studied at a kerbsite and ambient site in Mumbai. Measurements were also made for eight inorganic ions (F − , Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 2− 4 , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) in the PM 2.5 fraction. During the study period, PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 levels ranged between 11–91, 18–125, and 8–64 μ g m − 3 at a ambient site whereas at the kerbsite the ranges were 10–176, 21–189, and 4–55 μ g m −3 respectively. Average PM 2.5 values were 42 μ g m − 3 at ambient and 69 μ g m −3 at the kerbsite. The measured ions accounted for about 50% of the PM 2.5 mass. Non-sea-salt (nss) sulfate contributed 91% and 85% of the ionic mass at the ambient and kerbsite sites respectively. Due to biomass sources of K, only about 5% of K + was from seas salt. The average equivalent ratio of NH 4 + to nss- SO 2 4 − , and NO 3 − was over 1, indicating high source strength of ammonia.
Knowledge, adherence and outcome in glaucoma

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Designed nursing intervention protocol to reduce peripheral catheter cannula complications among adults patients

Background: Peripheral intravenous catheters are the most common invasive devices used during clinical care worldwide. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of implementing designed nursing intervention protocol to reduce peripheral catheter cannula complications among adult’s patients. Research design: A Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study conducted in the medical and surgical inpatient units in Minia University Hospital. Two hundred male and female adult inpatient (study and control groups). Results: showed that the majority of the studied group did not develop any peripheral catheter cannulation complications and no pain, erythema, swelling, and no palpable hardening of vein at catheter site while control group more than one-third of them developed phlebitis, near to one quarter had painful I.V site with erythema, some degree of swelling and the minority of them had streak formation and no palpable cord with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Implementation of nursing intervention protocol was effective in reducing peripheral venous catheter complications.
Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake from isotope‐labeled fertilizers by sorghum and soil microorganisms

On nutrient‐depleted Lixisols from Burkina Faso, nutrient acquisition by crops and soil microbes mainly relies on the limited amounts of mineral and organic fertilizers applied by small‐scale farmers. The objective of this study was to determine simultaneously the uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contained in organic and mineral fertilizers by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ] and soil microbial biomass. Double 15N and 33P direct and indirect labeling techniques were applied in a pot experiment to determine the contributions of different fertilizers to sorghum N and P uptake during 52 d of growth. In parallel, soil respiration, available, and microbial N and P were tracked in an incubation experiment. Sorghum derived 83–90% of P from fertilizers. Nitrogen from cattle manure was poorly available, contributing only 20% of the N taken up by sorghum. Water‐soluble mineral fertilizers increased soil N and P availability, resulting in the highest total N and P uptake by sorghum from fertilizers and soil among all treatments. The application of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ] residues induced microbial N and P immobilization, reducing sorghum N and P uptake to the level of the non‐fertilized treatment. The use of double 15N and 33P labeling elucidated the impact of fertilizers on soil nutrient pools. The low plant N/P ratio suggested N limitation for sorghum in the manure treatment. Cowpea residues were inefficient for sorghum nutrition, but they increased soil microbial nutrient pools. This study gives insights on the potential effects of legume residues used as green manure to build soil fertility.
Minority‐electron mobility in p‐type GaAs

The mobility of photoinduced minority electrons in molecular‐beam epitaxially grown p‐GaAs has been measured directly by the Hall method. The electron mobility in a 1×1017 cm−3 Be‐doped sample was about 3500 cm2 /V s at room temperature. Temperature dependence of minority electron mobility is clearly different from that of majority‐hole mobility in the same sample. This result indicates the difference in dominant scattering mechanisms for electrons and holes in p‐type GaAs.
Parenting Styles and Alcohol Use in Brazilian Males

Abstract Parenting styles have been identified as some of the most important factors of risk for and protection against alcohol use among adolescents. This study aimed at comparing maternal and paternal parenting styles in groups of adult alcoholic and non-alcoholic men. Participants were 260 adult males, half of whom had been diagnosed with alcoholism whilst the others did not have a history of such disorder. The comparison between the alcoholic and control groups showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in relation to both paternal and maternal parenting practices. The binary logistic regression model containing paternal PSI, age, education and maternal PSI (χ2 = 5.224; p = 0.022; R2Nagelkerke = 0.801) showed that paternal PSI was the main predictor of alcoholism.
Expression of a fibronectin in the dental pulp of lead intoxicated rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus

University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral Diseases, Study Program – Dentistry, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Study Program – Dentistry, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia
Capillaries Modified by Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for Electrophoretic Separations

Fused silica capillaries coated with thin films of physically adsorbed charged polymers are employed for capillary zone electrophoretic separations. The coating is a polyelectrolyte multilayer, constructed in situ by alternating rinses with positively and negatively charged polymers. The thickness of the multilayer and amount of surface charge is controlled by the concentration of salt in the deposition solutions. The direction of the electroosmotic flow oscillates as the multilayer surface charge alternates in polarity during buildup. The apparent surface charge, deduced from the electroosmotic mobility, is considerably less than the nominal surface charge of the film. Mechanisms limiting this apparent surface charge for a buffer-permeable layer are discussed. The multilayer-coated columns exhibit many desirable features in addition to ease of construction and reproducible control of electroosmotic flow: stable flow rates are achieved immediately on exposure of the column to running buffer, and reversed.