Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SCALABLE APPROACH TO ENHANCING STOCHASTIC KRIGING WITH GRADIENTS

It is known that incorporating gradient information can significantly enhance the prediction accuracy of stochastic kriging. However, such an enhancement cannot be scaled trivially to high-dimensional design space, since one needs to invert a large covariance matrix that captures the spatial correlations between the responses and the gradient estimates at the design points. Not only is the inversion computationally inefficient, but also numerically unstable since the covariance matrix is often ill-conditioned. We address the scalability issue via a novel approach without resorting to matrix approximations. By virtue of the so-called Markovian covariance functions, the associated covariance matrix can be invertible analytically, thereby improving both the efficiency and stability dramatically. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can handle large-scale problems where prior methods fail completely.
Numerical modelling of tissue heating by means of the electromagnetic field

Electromagnetic field induced by two external electrodes and temperature field resulting from electrodes action in 3D domain of biological tissue is considered. External electric field causes the heat generation in tissue domain. The distribution of electric potential in domain considered is described by the Laplace equation, while the temperature field is described by the Pennes equation. These problems are coupled by source function being the additional component in Pennes equation and resulting from the electric field action. The boundary element method is applied to solve the coupled problem connected with the biological tissue heating. In the final part of the paper the examples of computations are shown. 1. Governing equations In Figure 1 a typical radio frequency (RF) hyperthermia system is shown [1]. The mathematical model of the process analyzed consists of two parts [1-3]. The electric part concerns the Laplace equation to obtain the electric field distribution. The thermal part is connected with the bioheat transfer equation to obtain the temperature distribution. In the bioheat transfer equation the additional source term associated with the heat generation caused by electric field distribution appears. The potential inside the tissue is described by the Laplace equation ( ) ( ) ( ) , , : e , , φ , , 0 x y z x y z x y z ∈Ω ∇  ∇  =   (1) where e(x, y, z) [C /(Nm )] is the dielectric permittivity of tissue. On the external surface of tissue being in a contact with the electrodes the following condition is given ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 , , : φ , , , , : φ , , x y z x y z U x y z x y z U ∈Γ = ∈Γ = − (2) where U [V] is the electric potential of the electrode relative to the ground. Please cite this article as: Ewa Majchrzak, Marek Paruch, Numerical modelling of tissue heating by means of the electromagnetic field, Scientific Research of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, 2010, Volume 9, Issue 1, pages 89-97. The website: http://www.amcm. pcz.pl/
Effective self-regulatory processes in higher education: research findings and future directions. A systematic review

Although self-regulated learning (SRL) is assumed to benefit learning outcomes, gaps in the literature make it difficult to describe what constitutes effective SRL in higher education. That is, SRL that relates positively to learning outcomes. In accordance, at present it is unclear how to train effective SRL in higher education. The current systematic review breaks down SRL into self-regulatory processes (SRPs) and reviews the evidence for teaching adolescents effective SRPs. Of the wide variety of SRPs which are known in the field, the following were investigated in the studies: metacognitive strategies, motivation, self-efficacy, handling task difficulty and demands, and resource management. The studies included (k = 10; N = 906) generally affirmed that all SRL interventions that were investigated related positively to SRPs. These SRPs also related positively to learning outcomes. Research is needed to advance the field's understanding of how adolescents develop the wide array of effective SRPs.
Amount of Soil Carbon Stock within Primary and Secondary Forest in the North of the Republic of Congo

The amount of carbon stock under different land type’s cover was studied in the north east of Republic of Congo. Samples of soil from the surface 0-15 cm horizon were collected under 12 land types classes. Results showed that the lowest soil C was noted in flooded primary forests of Lophira alata Banks ex Gaertu. With an amount of 17.21 t C ha-1, and the highest values were noted in the savanna of Jardinea congoensis with an amount of 117.6 t C ha-1 and the primary forest of Guibourtia demeusei (Harms) Leon. With 116.16 t C ha-1 (p < 0.05). Our study revealed the importance of carbon stock in different type of land in tropical area to reduce the emission of CO2 from the conversion of forestland to another type of land.
Rabi-like oscillations of an anharmonic oscillator: Classical versus quantum interpretation

We have observed Rabi-like oscillations in a current-biased dc superconducting quantum interference device presenting enhanced coherence times compared to our previous realization [J. Claudon et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 187003 (2004)]. This Josephson device behaves as an anharmonic oscillator which can be driven into a coherent superposition of quantum states by resonant microwave flux pulses. Increasing the microwave amplitude, we study the evolution of the Rabi frequency from the two-level regime to the regime of multilevel dynamics. When up to three levels are involved, the Rabi frequency is a clear signature of a quantum behavior. At higher excitation amplitude, classical and quantum predictions for the Rabi frequency converge. This result is discussed in the light of a calculation of the Wigner function. In particular, our analysis shows that pronounced quantum interferences always appear in the course of the Rabi-like oscillations.
Fish for Feed vs Fish for Food

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food producing industry sector in the world. Demand for feed ingredients, particularly for preferred protein sources such as fishmeal, fish oil and ‘trash fish’, has also increased, raising questions about sustainability and uses of fish for aquaculture feeds or directly as human food. Approximately 30 million metric tonnes (MMT) of fish from capture fisheries are used each year to produce fishmeal and fish oil. The species used are not usually consumed directly by humans. Production of fishmeal and fish oil has remained relatively static over many years, with the increasing amount going to aquaculture feeds being balanced by reducing amounts going to other animal feeds. Trash fish are generally smaller or lower-value species captured in the wild and are increasingly used to directly feed aquaculture species in Asia. Although there is no reliable estimate of the total amount of trash fish used by aquaculture, the figure is probably >5 MMT y–1. As aquaculture expands, the potential for conflict between uses and users of different fish products is increasing. There is an urgent research priority to identify potential impacts of increasing demand on trash fish for aquaculture on fish resources and to identify practical alternatives. The identification and use of alternative ingredients for aquaculture feeds has been an international research priority for at least 15 y, and significant advances have been made. Fishmeal has been completely replaced in feeds for many species and included at very reduced levels in feeds for many others. These trends need to continue and ongoing research in this field remains a priority. Research to replace fish oil is more difficult, but blends of vegetable oils have been used to successfully reduce reliance on fish oil for a number of species. Coldwater marine algae called thraustochytrids, with very high contents of ‘marine’ fatty acids, may provide an alternative if industrial-scale fermentation can be made cost effective.
Socio-Cultural Determinants of HIV and AIDS: the Context of Women in Bangladesh

: HIV/AIDS is one of the major threats to economic development. Although the epidemic was first detected among men and was primarily concentrated among men, in many regions, women remain at a much higher risk of HIV infection than men. A significant shift of the epidemic with a higher proportion of new HIV infection among women was noticed in the late 1990s. While both women and men are vulnerable and affected by HIV and AIDS, a multitude of factors increases women’s vulnerability to HIV acquisition, such as biological, behavioral, socioeconomic, cultural and structural risks. Most studies and interventions conducted in Bangladesh focus on key affected populations such as female sex workers and people who inject drugs. Rather than focusing on the key affected population only, this article reflects on the role of the socio-cultural determinants those make women more vulnerable to HIV transmission in the context of Bangladesh.
Race logic architecture (RALA): a novel logic concept using the race scheme of input variables

A novel logic concept, Race Logic Architecture (RALA), is proposed. RALA is a new logic operation architecture in that the racing between input variables along the interconnection lines functions as an active logic element instead of logic gates, while the logic gates play a simple passive role. Logic operations of RALA are based on wired-OR that utilizes shared space and serial-AND that utilizes the triggering sequence of input variables. With these two concepts, RALA can implement arbitrary Boolean operations. Various kinds of combinational circuits are simulated and compared with RALAs. RALA shows the best performance in delay time, area, and power product results. A 64-bit carry-look-ahead adder with RALA is fabricated by 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology to verify its feasibility and functionality. The area of the adder is 800 /spl mu/m/spl times/150 /spl mu/m, and the delay time from the clock to Sum31 measured 0.9 ns.
Photosensitizing Effects of Hematoporphyrin Dihydrochloride against the Flesh Fly Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Abstract There is an urgent need to use environmentally safe pesticides, which do not sneak into human food or animals and then back at him and damage the environment. The photosensitizers, such like hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride (HpD), a nontoxic chemical has an ability to harm the target pest when mixed with suitable baits. When exposed to light, the ingested HpD triggers the destruction of the midgut and inhibits the defensive enzymes, viz acetylcholine esterase (AchE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione- S-transferase (GST). In the current study, HpD was investigated as photoinsecticide against 3rd larval instar and adults of a myiatic fly, Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau- Desvoidy) (Sarcophagidae: Diptera). Third instar larvae and adults were fed baits containing 5×10-2, 5× 103, 5× 10-4, 5× 10-5, and 5× 10-6 ppm of HpD. Mortality ratios were recorded at different post treatment sunlight exposure periods. The biochemical study of the impact of one median concentration, 5× 10-4 ppm, proved its ability to cause damage that may be beyond repair for some defensive enzymes. In addition, fatal histopathological changes were detected in the midgut epithelium. The study showed that, HpD could be an excellent pesticide against the larvae and adults of the myiatic flies.
Dynamic mode decomposition for interconnected control systems

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven technique used for capturing the dynamics of complex systems. DMD has been connected to spectral analysis of the Koopman operator, and essentially extracts spatial-temporal modes of the dynamics from an estimate of the Koopman operator obtained from data. Recent work of Proctor, Brunton, and Kutz has extended DMD and Koopman theory to accommodate systems with control inputs: dynamic mode decomposition with control (DMDc) and Koopman with inputs and control (KIC). In this paper, we introduce a technique, called Network dynamic mode decomposition with control, or Network DMDc, which extends the DMDc to interconnected, or networked, control systems. Additionally, we provide an adaptation of Koopman theory for networks as a context in which to perform this algorithm. The Network DMDc method carefully analyzes the dynamical relationships only between components in systems which are connected in the network structure. By focusing on these direct dynamical connections and cutting out computation for relationships between unconnected components, this process allows for improvements in computational intensity and accuracy.
Catechin and Epicatechin Contents in Wines Obtained from Brazilian Exotic Tropical Fruits

Flavonoids constitute a diverse group of secondary metabolites which are present in both fruits and wines. The contents of some of the most prominent compounds such as catechin and epicatechin are little known in wines prepared from tropical fruits. In this context, this study was aimed to determine catechin and epicatechin contents in wines processed from 7 tropical fruits (caja-umbu, cashew apple, mangaba, pineapple, siriguela, sugar apple and umbu), by HPLC-DAD system. Moreover the total phenolic compounds content was also determined in these wines and compared to those of the commercial wines obtained from grapes and cashew apple. The wines produced in this work contained higher total phenolic compounds contents when compared to that of the grape wines. The higher values of total phenolic compounds were found in wines elaborated from caja-umbu (123.4 mg·mL-1 GAE) and from cashew (87.5 mg·mL-1 GAE). However, higher contents of catechin and epicatechin were found in wines obtained from mangaba (14.01 ± 0.37 mg·L-1, 22.66 ± 1.03 mg·L-1), siriguela (9.97 ± 0.28, 4.38 ± 0.45) and cashew apple (7.46 ± 0.18, 1.30 ± 0.17) fruits. The present work indicates that the use of exotic tropical fruits is feasible in developing wines which could serve as functional foods as these contain appreciable quantities of catechin and epicatechin.
Computing the ideal class monoid of an order

There are well‐known algorithms to compute the class group of the maximal order OK of a number field K and the group of invertible ideal classes of a non‐maximal order R . In this paper, we also explain how to compute the isomorphism classes of non‐invertible ideals of an order R in a finite product of number fields K . In particular, we also extend the above‐mentioned algorithms to this more general setting. As an application, we use a generalization of a theorem of Latimer and MacDufee to produce algorithms that return representatives of all conjugacy classes of integral matrices with given characteristic polynomial (satisfying certain assumptions) and solve the conjugacy problem for such matrices.
Rotational mixing in carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars with s-process enrichment

Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars with s-process enrichment (CEMP-s) are believed to be the products of mass transfer from an AGB companion, which has long since become a white dwarf. The surface abundances of CEMP-s stars are thus commonly assumed to reflect the nucleosynthesis output of the first AGB stars. We have previously shown that, for this to be the case, some physical mechanism must counter atomic diffusion in these nearly fully radiative stars, which otherwise leads to surface abundance anomalies clearly inconsistent with observations. Here we take into account angular momentum accretion by these stars. We compute in detail the evolution of typical CEMP-s stars from the ZAMS, through the mass accretion, and up the RGB for a wide range of specific angular momentum of the accreted material, corresponding to rotation velocities between about 0.3 and 300 km/s. We find that only for specific angular momentum above 1e+17 cm2/s (rotation velocities above 20 km/s) angular momentum accretion directly causes chemical dilution of the accreted material. This could nevertheless be relevant to CEMP-s stars, which are observed to rotate more slowly, if they undergo continuous angular momentum loss akin to solar-like stars. In models with rotation velocities characteristic of CEMP-s stars, rotational mixing primarily serves to inhibit atomic diffusion, such that the maximal surface abundance variations (with respect to the composition of the accreted material) prior to first dredge-up remain within about 0.4 dex without thermohaline mixing or about 0.5-1.5 dex with thermohaline mixing. Even in models with the lowest rotation velocities (under a km/s), rotational mixing is able to severely inhibit atomic diffusion, compared to non-rotating models. We thus conclude that it offers a natural solution to the problem posed by atomic diffusion and cannot be neglected in models of CEMP-s stars.
Phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of barley wholegrain and pearling fractions

Demand for functional foods that offer therapeutic and disease-prevention properties is globally increasing. Barley presents an opportunity in this regard due to its high antioxidants and dietary fiber contents. Barley wholegrain and milling fractions were investigated in terms of phenolic acids composition, scavenging capacity against DPPH and ABTS radicals and inhibition of human LDL oxidation in vitro . Ferulic and p -coumaric were the primary phenolic acids in wholegrain and pearled fractions accounting for 43-97% and 2-55% of total phenolic acids, respectively. This wide range demonstrates significant differences among barley wholegrain or pearled products. Antioxidant capacities also varied significantly among barleys with the hulless cultivars tested exhibiting the greatest. The outer layers fraction showed higher scavenging capacity against ABTS and DPPH radicals and inhibitory effects toward LDL oxidation compared with the endosperm fractions. The results suggest that the outer layer and hull fractions would potentially provide promising sources of natural antioxidants.
Ex ante coordination and collusion in zero-sum multi-player extensive-form games

Recent milestones in equilibrium computation, such as the success of Libratus, show that it is possible to compute strong solutions to two-player zero-sum games in theory and practice. This is not the case for games with more than two players, which remain one of the main open challenges in computational game theory. This paper focuses on zero-sum games where a team of players faces an opponent, as is the case, for example, in Bridge, collusion in poker, and many non-recreational applications such as war, where the colluders do not have time or means of communicating during battle, collusion in bidding, where communication during the auction is illegal, and coordinated swindling in public. The possibility for the team members to communicate before game play—that is, coordinate their strategies ex ante—makes the use of behavioral strategies unsatisfactory. The reasons for this are closely related to the fact that the team can be represented as a single player with imperfect recall. We propose a new game representation, the realization form, that generalizes the sequence form but can also be applied to imperfect-recall games. Then, we use it to derive an auxiliary game that is equivalent to the original one. It provides a sound way to map the problem of finding an optimal ex-ante-correlated strategy for the team to the well-understood Nash equilibrium-finding problem in a (larger) two-player zero-sum perfect-recall game. By reasoning over the auxiliary game, we devise an anytime algorithm, fictitious team-play, that is guaranteed to converge to an optimal coordinated strategy for the team against an optimal opponent, and that is dramatically faster than the prior state-of-the-art algorithm for this problem.
Synthesis and Structural Properties of Niobium Pentoxide Powders: A Comparative Study of the Growth Process

Powders Nb2 O5 were prepared by two different synthesis method, Sol-Gel and polymeric precursors (Pechini). In the Pechini method before adding the citric acid in the process, four different solutions were used to get the samples. For Sol-gel method, two different processes were also used in obtaining powders. The precursor was completely solubilized in ethanol and then hydrolyzed with ammonia and water. The calcination of the samples was between 500 and 750°C. The resulting powders were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area measurements, UV-visible and Raman spectroscopy. The formation of T−Nb2 O5 orthorhombic took place upon calcination at 7500C. Crystallite sizes were determined using the Scherrer method which resulted in an uniformed size of about 25 − 65nm. Ultraviolet-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicated a variation in the optical band gap values (3.32-3.40 eV) in crystal growth process. The Raman vibrational modes indicate the presence of the orthorhombic phase of the material.
Effects of time-reversal symmetry in dynamical decoupling

Dynamical decoupling is a technique for preserving the coherence of quantum-mechanical states in the presence of a noisy environment. It uses sequences of inversion pulses to suppress the environmental perturbations by periodically refocusing them. It has been shown that different sequences of inversion pulses show vastly different performance, in particular also concerning the correction of experimental pulse imperfections. Here, we investigate specifically the role of time-reversal symmetry in the building blocks of the pulse sequence. We show that using time-symmetric building blocks often improves the performance of the sequence compared to sequences formed by time-asymmetric building blocks. Using quantum state tomography of the echoes generated by the sequences, we analyze the mechanisms that lead to loss of fidelity and show how they can be compensated by suitable concatenation of symmetry-related blocks of decoupling pulses.
Modeling geomagnetically induced electric field and currents by combining a global MHD model with a local one‐dimensional method

Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) flowing in long conductor systems on the ground are a well‐known space weather hazard. We develop a new approach to simulating GICs by combining a global MHD model with a local one‐dimensional method. As an example, we apply this approach to model the GIC at the Pirttikoski 400 kV transformer of the Finnish high‐voltage power system during the space weather event of 22–23 September 1999. The modeled results can capture the main observational features, and the model performances is better than two GIC persistence models, which demonstrates this promising new approach in GIC forecasting.
Do Tax Structures Affect Aggregate Economic Growth

This paper examines the relationship between tax structures and economic growth by entering indicators of the tax structure into a set of panel growth regressions for 21 OECD countries, in which both the accumulation of physical and human capital are accounted for. The results of the analysis suggest that income taxes are generally associated with lower economic growth than taxes on consumption and property. More precisely, the findings allow the establishment of a ranking of tax instruments with respect to their relationship to economic growth. Property taxes, and particularly recurrent taxes on immovable property, seem to be the most growth-friendly, followed by consumption taxes and then by personal income taxes. Corporate income taxes appear to have the most negative effect on GDP per capita. These findings suggest that a revenue-neutral growth-oriented tax reform would be to shift part of the revenue base towards recurrent property and consumption taxes and away from income taxes, especially corporate taxes. There is also evidence of a negative relationship between the progressivity of personal income taxes and growth. All of the results are robust to a number of different specifications, including controlling for other determinants of economic growth and instrumenting tax indicators.