Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of perceptual load on eyewitness memory are moderated by individual differences in cognitive ability

ABSTRACT Previous research has identified perceptual load – the amount of perceptual processing required by a scene – as a potentially important factor in eyewitness memory. Here, we investigated whether effects of perceptual load on eyewitness memory for a simulated crime are moderated by individual differences in cognitive ability. We presented participants with a video of a simulated crime that imposed either high or low perceptual load, followed by a written narrative which contained a mixture of neutral and misleading descriptions of critical details. We examined the effects of three cognitive variables (working memory capacity, verbal cognitive ability and analytical reasoning) on participants’ ability to accurately recall details of the video in both the misinformation and control conditions, and to detect a change in the clothing of a main character. General cognitive ability was associated with improved global memory for details of the event, and enhanced change detection under load. Greater WM capacity and a tendency towards analytical reasoning were both associated with resistance to misinformation under conditions of high perceptual load. We conclude that higher levels of cognitive ability, assessed across a number of domains, may enable eyewitnesses to withstand the effects of perceptual load and preserve the accuracy of their memories.
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II: One Hundred Years of Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) was first described by Dr. Charles Hunter in 1917. Since then, about one hundred years have passed and Hunter syndrome, although at first neglected for a few decades and afterwards mistaken for a long time for the similar disorder Hurler syndrome, has been clearly distinguished as a specific disease since 1978, when the distinct genetic causes of the two disorders were finally identified. MPS II is a rare genetic disorder, recently described as presenting an incidence rate ranging from 0.38 to 1.09 per 100,000 live male births, and it is the only X-linked-inherited mucopolysaccharidosis. The complex disease is due to a deficit of the lysosomal hydrolase iduronate 2-sulphatase, which is a crucial enzyme in the stepwise degradation of heparan and dermatan sulphate. This contributes to a heavy clinical phenotype involving most organ-systems, including the brain, in at least two-thirds of cases. In this review, we will summarize the history of the disease during this century through clinical and laboratory evaluations that allowed its definition, its correct diagnosis, a partial comprehension of its pathogenesis, and the proposition of therapeutic protocols. We will also highlight the main open issues related to the possible inclusion of MPS II in newborn screenings, the comprehension of brain pathogenesis, and treatment of the neurological compartment.
Winter associations predict social and extra-pair mating patterns in a wild songbird

Despite decades of research, our understanding of the underlying causes of within-population variation in patterns of extra-pair paternity (EPP) remains limited. Previous studies have shown that extra-pair mating decisions are linked to both individual traits and ecological factors. Here, we examine whether social associations among individuals prior to breeding also shape mating patterns, specifically the occurrence of EPP, in a small songbird, the blue tit. We test whether associations during the non-breeding period predict (1) future social pairs, (2) breeding proximity (i.e. the distance between breeding individuals) and (3) the likelihood that individuals have extra-pair young together. Individuals that were more strongly associated (those that foraged more often together) during winter tended to nest closer together. This, by itself, predicts EPP patterns, because most extra-pair sires are close neighbours. However, even after controlling for spatial effects, female–male dyads with stronger social associations prior to breeding were more likely to have extra-pair young. Our findings reveal a carry-over from social associations into future mating decisions. Quantifying the long-term social environment of individuals and studying its dynamics is a promising approach to enhance our understanding of the process of (extra-)pair formation.
The impacts of acquisition and extinction cues on ABC renewal of voluntary behaviors

In two instrumental conditioning experiments with rats, we examined the impacts of acquisition and extinction cues on ABC renewal of instrumental behavior. Animals were reinforced with food for lever pressing in one context, followed by extinction of the response in a second one. Presentations of a brief tone accompanied extinction in Experiment 1 (extinction cue), and acquisition in Experiment 2 (acquisition cue). A final test in a third context revealed that instrumental responding was decreased in the presence of the extinction cue, whereas it was increased in the presence of the acquisition cue. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our results.
Effect of Estrogen on Pancreatic β-Cells

The incidence of T2DM is remarkably increased in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen has been clinically used to improve the T2DM climacteric symptoms. Previously,the effectiveness of estrogen HRT was thought to be mainly correlated with the enhancement of insulin sensitivity and improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism.Recently,accumulative evidence has shown that estrogen directly affects the multiple functions of pancreatic beta cells such as preventing apoptosis and promoting insulin secretion of the cells,which provides new mechanism for HRT-based therapy.
Random Forest for Dissimilarity-based Multi-view Learning

Many classification problems are naturally multi-view in the sense their data are described through multiple heterogeneous descriptions. For such tasks, dissimilarity strategies are effective ways to make the different descriptions comparable and to easily merge them, by (i) building intermediate dissimilarity representations for each view and (ii) fusing these representations by averaging the dissimilarities over the views. In this work, we show that the Random Forest proximity measure can be used to build the dissimilarity representations, since this measure reflects similarities between features but also class membership. We then propose a Dynamic View Selection method to better combine the view-specific dis-similarity representations. This allows to take a decision, on each instance to predict, with only the most relevant views for that instance. Experiments are conducted on several real-world multi-view datasets, and show that the Dynamic View Selection offers a significant improvement in performance compared to the simple average combination and two state-of-the-art static view combinations.
Geometric modeling of man-made objects at different level of details. (Modélisation géométrique à différent niveau de détails d'objets fabriqués par l'homme)

Geometric modeling of man-made objects from 3D data is one of the biggest challenges in Computer Vision and Computer Graphics. The long term goal is to generate a CAD-style model in an as-automatic-as-possible way. To achieve this goal, difficult issues have to be addressed including (i) the scalability of the modeling process with respect to massive input data, (ii) the robustness of the methodology to various defect-laden input measurements, and (iii) the geometric quality of output models. Existing methods work well to recover the surface of free-form objects. However, in case of manmade objects, it is difficult to produce results that approach the quality of high-structured representations as CAD models.In this thesis, we present a series of contributions to the field. First, we propose a classification method based on deep learning to distinguish objects from raw 3D point cloud. Second, we propose an algorithm to detect planar primitives in 3D data at different level of abstraction. Finally, we propose a mechanism to assemble planar primitives into compact polygonal meshes. These contributions are complementary and can be used sequentially to reconstruct city models at various level-of-details from airborne 3D data. We illustrate the robustness, scalability and efficiency of our methods on both laser and multi-view stereo data composed of man-made objects.
Tackling the Heat-Stress Tolerance 3 in Crop Plants : A Bioinformatics

7 Abstract 8 AU1 Plants are exposed to different types of environmental factors including 9 heat stress that affect negatively various regular activities of the plant. 10 Plants, as sessile organisms, must have developed efficient strategies of 11 response to cope with and adapt to different types of abiotic stresses 12 imposed by the adverse environment. Plant responses to environmental 13 stress are complex and appear to be a difficult task to study in the classical 14 plant-breeding program due to several technical limitations. The current 15 knowledge of the regulatory network governing environmental stress 16 responses is fragmentary, and an understanding of the damage caused 17 by these environmental stresses or the plant’s tolerance mechanisms to 18 deal with stress-induced damages is far from complete. The emergence of 19 the novel “omics” technologies from the last few years, such as genomics, 20 proteomics, and metabolomics, is now allowing researchers to enable 21 active analyses of regulatory networks that control abiotic stress
Should An Early Hospital Discharge Strategy Be Implemented Following A Successful Primary PCI For Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction?

Background: Early hospital discharge following ST elevation myocardial infarction and primary PCI is reasonable after 72 hours for selective low risk patients. Yet, these recommendations, which were mainly based on data from, are not widely implemented. We present a single center experience regarding efficacy and safety of early hospital discharge. Method: We conducted a retrospective study based on data from 2014 to 2015. The patients were classified into three groups based on the duration of hospitalization; within 48 h, 48–72 h, and >72 h. The primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events (MACE) within 30 days and at 1 year. Secondary endpoint was a diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Results: 178 patients were included; 60 patients (33.7%) were discharged within 48 hours, 75 patients (42.1%) were discharged after 72 hours, and 43 patients (24.2%) were discharged between 48 and 72 h. Patients discharged >72 h were significantly older (p <0.001), had extensive myocardial damage (p < 0.001) and a significant reduction in left ventricular systolic function (p < 0.02). Most common catheterization approach in this group was the femoral artery (p < 0.02). No statistically significant difference was observed between the three regarding primary and secondary. Conclusion: Early hospital discharge, within 48 to 72 hours after successful primary PCI for Acute STEMI was not associated with a higher rate of all-cause mortality or MACE up to one year after discharge for selected patients. In an era where the incidence of and mechanical complications are low an early hospital discharge strategy should be widely and routinely implemented.
WHY WOMEN-OWNED STARTUPS ARE A BETTER BET

The gender pay gap is well documented: women make about 80 cents for every dollar that a man earns. Less well known: the gender investment gap. According to our research, when women business owners pitch their ideas to investors for early-stage capital, they receive significantly less—a disparity that averages more than $1 million—than men. Yet businesses founded by women ultimately deliver higher revenue—more than twice as much per dollar invested—than those founded by men, making women-owned companies better investments for financial backers.
Similarity Measures for Traditional Turkish Art Music

Pitch histograms are frequently used for a wide range of applications in music information retrieval (MIR) which mainly focus on western music. However there are significant differences between pitch spaces of traditional Turkish art music (TTAM) and western music which prevent to apply current methods. In this sense comparison of pitch histograms for TTAM corresponds to the research domain in pattern recognition: finding an appropriate similarity measure in relation with the metric axioms and characteristics of the data. Therefore we have evaluated various similarity measures frequently used in histogram comparison such as L1-norm, L2-norm, histogram intersection, correlation coefficient measures and earth mover’s distance (EMD) for TTAM. Consequently we have discussed one of the problems of the domain, about measures regarding overlap or/and non-overlap between ordinal type histograms and presented an improved version of EMD for TTAM.
Effects of Aloe-emodin and Emodin on Proliferation of the Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line MKN45

The anthraquinone derivatives aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxyl-methylanthraquinone; AE) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone; EM) have been detected in some medicinal plants such as rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) (Huang et al., 2013) and Semen Cassiae (Xu et al., 2012), and share very similar anthraquinone structures (Figure 1). AE has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity in various cancer cell lines (Harlev et al., 2012; Suboj et al., 2012a, 2012b; Chen et al., 2014), while EM has also been reported to have anticancer effects on several types of cancer cell lines (Lai et al., 2009; Chun-Guang et al., 2010; Hsu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2010). Chen et al. (2010) previously demonstrated that the strength of the inhibitory effects of AE and EM on the growth of cancer cells differed. Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of
Chemical and Microbial Environmental Contaminants in Fruits and Vegetables and their Effects on Health: A Mini Review

The fresh food products like fruits and vegetables became an important element in the consumer’s daily meal in view of their high nutritional value, low caloric value, availability, and somewhat low prices. Most of the fruits and vegetables contain a high percentage of water that ranges from 78% in potatoes to 94.8% in lettuce. As well, their protein and fat contents do not exceed 3.5% and 0.5%, respectively, except some cases such as raisin and dates, whose water content is low and which can not be considered as fresh in comparison with other fruits. Demand on these products is ever growing. But, similar to other agricultural products, they are prone to pollution and/or spoilage, either naturally or by human interference. The first manifestation of spoilage starts from the soil in which the crops are planted as a result of their pollution with acidic rain water or polluted irrigation water; human and animal wastes; sanitary drainage water (sewage); fertilizer and pesticide residues; oil pollution; and microbial pollution with bacteria, fungi, and parasites of their various types, as well as the residual toxins and excretions which result from them and that adversely impact the agricultural products, and, in consequence, consumer’s health. Use of organic fertilizers is regarded as safer than use of chemical fertilizers. If the latter are used rationally and at concentration that does not exceed 300 kg/ha, then this will not lead to accumulation of the toxic chemical elements in the soil (Moustafa, 2018). Hence comes the importance of finding the suitable ways and solutions for reducing extent of hazard of these pollutants through which (the solutions) the consumer guarantees her/his safety and non-exposure to diseases, as well as reducing the treatment costs resulting from effects of pollution of its different kinds.
Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Meningitis in an Adult Patient with HIV Infection: The Hostage-Taking Situation. Is There Any Solution?

We report a case of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella meningitis (NTS) in adult HIV patient with many relapses despite well-conducted treatment, we compare this situation to a hostage-taking situation, perpetrated by NTS, taking the body of HIV patient as a hostage who cannot get rid of this germ. This is a clinical alert to discuss the efficiency of prolonged oral administration of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole in preventing relapse and a whistleblower for the urgency of developing a vaccine.
Surgical resection of pituitary adenoma via neuroendoscopic single-nostril transsphenoidal approach: a clinical analysis

Objective To explore the technique and clinical efficacy of single-nostril transsphenoidal neuroendoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas. Methods A total of 47 patients with pituitary adenoma, among them 21 were male and 26 female, aged 15-70 years old with a mean of 42.7 years, were treated with neuroendoscopic single-nostril transsphenoidal surgical resection in the Air Force General Hospital of PLA from August 2007 to August 2013. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively, including the operative results, complications, and follow up results. Results Post-operative MRI revealed that the tumor was totally removed in 38 (80.9%) patients, and subtotally in 9 (19.1%, the tumors were large and had invaded the cavernous sinus). Post-operative improvement of clinical symptoms was achieved in 40 (85.1%) patients, among them, headache disappeared in 35 patients, vision and visual field improved in 30 patients. Among the 47 patients, an increase in prolactin hormone (PRH type) was seen in 29, an increase in growth hormone (GH type) in 6, and non-functioning pituitary carcinoma in 12 patients. In 80% (28/36) of the patients hormone secretion was improved after the operation, including 23 of PRH type and 5 of GH type. Post-operative complications were diabetes insipidus in 10 patients, cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 8 and meningitis in one. All the patients were followed up for 6 months up to 6 years, and no death occurred. Conclusion Single-nostril transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery consists of many advantages, such as minimal trauma, clear visual field, higher total resection rate, and rapid recovery after operation, therefore it is a safe and effective approach for the resection of pituitary adenomas. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn. 0577-7405.2015. 05.15
Does the Indian Employment Guarantee reduce households’ risk exposure? Assessing the effects of the NREGA on crop choice

This paper assesses the role of risk constraints in households’ production decisions. It shows that the introduction of the Indian Employment Guarantee affects input allocation in agricultural production, particularly crop choice, by reducing households’ uncertainty about future income streams. Taking advantage of the fact that the Indian National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme was rolled out in three phases, I show that the key innovation of the Indian public works programme, namely giving households the right to work, encourages agricultural households to increase the share of risky but profitable crops in their portfolio. By triggering considerable increases in the fraction of inputs allocated to more profitable crops, especially to cotton, chillies and turmeric, the NREGA has the potential of raising the productivity of small and marginal farmers. The results of this paper are robust to a range of alternative specifications and to the inclusion of weather data as well as to changes in household income. Linking the Employment Guarantee to risk considerations is the key innovation of this paper. Therewith, it makes two contributions. First, it contributes to the empirical evidence on the validity of the theory of decision making under uncertainty. Second, it provides additional theoretical and empirical evidence to the ongoing debate on the effects of the NREGA on agricultural productivity.
Volt age Clamp , and Patch Clamp

In creas ing knowl edge for the car diac cel lu lar electrophysiology ad vances our un der stand ing of car diac ar rhyth mia and pathophysiology. Microelectrode re cord ings in in tact tis sue prep a ra tions and patch clamps in iso lated sin gle myocytes pro vide abun dant in for ma tion about the ac tion po ten tial mor phol ogy and phar ma co log i cal in ter ven tions in cardiomyocytes. Microelectrode re cord ing, an eas ily learned pro ce dure, can re cord the ac tion po ten tial with a lon ger pe riod and avoid the im pact due to iso la tion pro ce dure. How ever, cel lu lar in ter ac tions and com plex electrograms from microelectrode re cord ings may in ter fere with the data in ter pre ta tion. In con trast, sin gle-cell re cord ings pro vide more di rect ev i dence of ac tion po ten tial and ionic data from cur rent-clamp and volt age-clamp re cord ing. The ac tion po ten tial mor phol ogy is caused by the bal ance of in ward and out ward cur rents. Nev er the less, the iso la tion pro ce dure, cell cul ture con di tion and rather short re cord ing pe riod make sin gle-cell re cord ing dif fer ent from in vivo sit u a tions. Through the patch clamp, we can study the ionic mech a nism un der ly ing the pace maker ac tiv ity of sin gle myocytes. This use ful in for ma tion provides the opportunity to investigate mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia and develop potential anti-arrhythmia agents.
IT DOES NOT MAKE US LAZY: EVIDENCE AGAINST THE MORAL HAZARD EFFECT OF REMITTANCES

This paper looks at the effects of income from international migration on household behavior in the communities of origin. It uses a household 9-year panel dataset from Nicaragua to investigate the effect of income of Nicaraguan migrants to the US and Costa Rica on employment and investment decisions made by households in the sending communities during the 1990s. Using variation in wages at the migrant’s destination for identification, it finds that migration income increases the probability of employment of household heads, the effect being stronger for poorer households. This result indicates the value of the empirical identification strategy employed, as it contrasts sharply with those found in earlier literature which did not successfully control for endogeneity of international remittances. With regard to investment decisions, the paper finds that migration income increases the probability of business ownership of households when the head is not a migrant. On the other hand, when the household head is a migrant the effect is negative on business ownership and positive on real estate ownership. Hypotheses interpreting these results are proposed and their validity assessed based on the empirical evidence. JEL Codes: F22, J22, J29
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FINITE VOLUMES, FINITE DIFFERENCES AND MESHLESS METHODS FOR DRIVEN CAVITY PROBLEM

Abstract. The aim of this study is compare Finite Volumes, Finite Differences and Meshless methods applied to the classic problem of the square driven cavity. In the three methods it was used the MAC (Marker-And-Cell) methodology, structured mesh to Finite Differences and unstructured mesh to Finite Volumes. The necessary points to Meshless method were obtained from the computational nodes generated by Finite Volumes mesh. The effect of the numeric viscosity was compared with the results obtained with the known classic results of the Finite Differences method applied to cavity problem. In Finite Volumes method it was used cell centered for the velocity field u and pressure p, and the convergence was accelerated through the Bi-conjugated Gradient Stabilized method. In the Meshless method, it was used the exponential weight function and Least Square method. In all methods it was adopted the primitive variables and for simulations it was used Reynolds numbers equal to 0.1, 10, 50 and 100. Interesting characteristics of the flow are presented in details the velocity field to central lines and the streamlines. The formulation is second order in spacial variables and explicit of first order in time variables.