Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case report of obsessive-compulsive disorder : Reduce fear of guilt to reduce symptoms

In this study, we present the case of a 27-year-old man who experienced obsessive symptoms for over ten years and then underwent treatment focused on reducing feelings of guilt. Although the patient had already received behavioural cognitive therapy, his symptoms did not significantly improve. After only a few interventions intended to manipulate guilt into non-symptomatic domains, we observed a reduction in obsessive symptoms. Although generalizations cannot be made based on a single case, this treatment seems consistent with the hypothesis that a sense of guilt has a central role in generating and maintaining obsessive-compulsive disorder. Furthermore, this case study highlights the importance of developing therapeutic procedures aimed at reducing feelings of guilt.
Energy- and Temperature-Dependent In Vitro Export of RNA from Synthetic Nuclei

We describe a novel assay for the study of RNA export from the nucleus in vitro. Nuclei are assembled in Xenopus egg extract on paramagnetic beads coated with DNA containing a specific template for transcription. T7 RNA polymerase, to which a nuclear localisation signal is attached, is added to the nuclei, and after its import into the assembled nuclei, transcription is allowed to proceed. The use of radioactive NTPs coupled with the possibility to purify the nuclei on a magnet and thus rapidly change the extract in which the nuclei are incubated allows pulse-chase labelling experiments. Using these protocols we show that U1 snRNA-derived templates are transcribed inside the synthetic nuclei, and that the transcripts leave the intact nuclei in a time-, temperature- and energy-dependent way. This offers the possibility of a biochemical approach to the dissection of RNA export.
Vibrations of free and embedded anisotropic elastic spheres: Application to low-frequency Raman scattering of silicon nanoparticles in silica

Vibrational mode frequencies and damping are calculated for an elastic sphere embedded in an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium. Anisotropic elasticity of the sphere significantly shifts the frequencies in comparison to simplified calculations that assume isotropy. New low-frequency Raman light scattering data are presented for silicon spheres grown in a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ glass matrix. Principal features of the Raman spectrum are not correctly described by a simple model of the nanoparticle as a free, isotropic sphere, but require both matrix effects and the anisotropy of the silicon to be taken into account. Libration, not vibration, is the dominant mechanism.
Evolutionary divergence and possible incipient speciation in post‐glacial populations of a cosmopolitan aquatic plant

Habitat configuration is expected to have a major influence on genetic exchange and evolutionary divergence among populations. Aquatic organisms occur in two fundamentally different habitat types, the sea and freshwater lakes, making them excellent models to study the contrasting effects of continuity vs. isolation on genetic divergence. We compared the divergence in post‐glacial populations of a cosmopolitan aquatic plant, the pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus that simultaneously occurs in freshwater lakes and coastal marine sites. Relative levels of gene flow were inferred in 12 lake and 14 Baltic Sea populations in northern Germany using nine highly polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for P. pectinatus. We found highly significant isolation‐by‐distance in both habitat types (P < 0.001). Genetic differentiation increased approximately 2.5‐times faster among freshwater populations compared with those from the Baltic Sea. As different levels of genetic drift or population history cannot explain these differences, higher population connectivity in the sea relative to freshwater populations is the most likely source of contrasting evolutionary divergence. These findings are consistent with the notion that freshwater angiosperms are more conducive to allopatric speciation than their life‐history counterparts in the sea, the relative species poor seagrasses. Surprisingly, population pairs from different habitat types revealed almost maximal genetic divergence expected for complete reproductive isolation, regardless of their respective geographical distance. Hence, the barrier to gene flow between lake and sea habitat types cannot be due to dispersal limitation. We may thus have identified a case of rapid incipient speciation in post‐glacial populations of a widespread aquatic plant.
CALORIMETRIC PROCEDURES FOR THE STUDY OF THE BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE CILIARY REGION AND THE CHOROID IN RABBITS

Recently procedures were presented for long-term studies of the blood flow through the whole uvea in rabbits (Bill 1962 a) and cats (Bill 1962 b). As the uvea is a structure having a vascular architecture varying greatly in relation to regions of functional difference, it was of interest to find procedures which permitted determinations of the blood flow through each of its parts. Several methods have been used previously for such studies, but the phenomena observed were rather remotely related to blood flow. See Bettman and Fellows (1958) and Rodenhauser (1960). The procedures to be reported are applications of the heated thermocouple principle of Gibbs (1933). Some advantage was derived from the extension of the original principle reported by Grayson (1952) and Carlyle and Grayson (1956), the works of Hensel and Ruef (1954) and model experiments reported elsewhere (Bill 1962 c). The basis for the heated thermocouple principle is the fact that a heated body introduced into a tissue will be cooled by the blood flow through that tissue. Gibbs’ procedure was to introduce into the tissue a constantan needle, the tip of which could be heated electrically. At a constant heating current the temperature difference, A t , between the needle and unheated tissue is a function of the blood flow. Gibbs determined A t in either of two ways: 1 ) by determining with a thermocouple the temperature difference between the needle and the unheated tissue at some distance from the needle, 2) by determining with a thermocouple the temperature of the constantan needle when heated and when unheated. I t was emphasized that the probe had to be standardized in
Group cognitive behavioral therapy to improve the quality of care to opioid‐treated patients with chronic noncancer pain: A practice improvement project

Purpose: To enhance outcomes of patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) treated with opioids in a primary care setting by implementing an evidence‐based quality improvement project. Data sources: The project consisted of the implementation of a 6‐week cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program. Twenty‐two patients with CNCP completed the program. Impact of the project was evaluated by comparing pre‐ and postintervention participant self‐reports of mood on the Beck Depression Inventory and functional status on the Brief Pain Inventory and Short Form‐36. Patient perception of treatment benefit was also measured using the Patient Global Impression of Change. Qualitative provider perceptions of the program were also collected. Paired t‐test statistics were used to analyze the data. Conclusions: Mood (including negative attitude, performance difficulty, and physical complaints), and patient impression of treatment benefit improved significantly after CBT was added. Primary care providers reported that the CBT supported their overall management of these complex patients. Implications for practice: The addition of a CBT program improved selected outcomes in this self‐selected sample of patients with CNCP treated with opioids.
Lesions Produced by Feline Picornaviruses of Different Virulence in Pathogen-Free Cats

Sixteen pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to either of two feline picornavirus isolates. The isolates used were picornavirus-255 and kidney-cell-degenerating virus. These viruses were selected to represent picornavirus prototypes of high and low virulence, respectively. Picornavirus-255 consistently produced depression, anorexia, and pneumonia. There were no lesions in the upper respiratory tract or conjunctiva, nor were there clinical signs of upper respiratory disease. The pulmonary lesions began as multifocal exudative pneumonia that progressed rapidly to interstitial pneumonia characterized by marked adenomatoid proliferation of pneumocytes. Three weeks after exposure the pulmonary lesions were principally resolved. It also produced discrete lingual and palatine ulcers that were easily detected. Experimental infection with kidney-cell-degenerating virus resulted only in transient fever and tiny vesicles and ulcerations of the lingual and tonsillar mucosae that could easily escape detection. No significant respiratory lesions were induced by kidney cell degenerating virus.
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms.

1 Wilkie ME, Almond MK, Marsh FP. Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in adults. BMJ7 1992;305:1137-41. (7 November.) 2 Rubin RH, Bean TR Jr, Stamm WE. An approach to evaluating antibacterial agents in the treatment of urinary tract infection. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14(suppl 2):S246-5 1. 3 Bailey RR, Lynn KL, Peddie BA, Walker RJ, Swainson CP. Comparison of netilmicin with ceftriaxone for the treatment of severe or complicated urinary tract infections. NZ Med J 1986;99:459-6 1. 4 Bailey RR, Lynn KL, Robson RA, Peddie BA, Smith A. Comparison of ciprofloxacin with netilmicin for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. NZMedJ7 1992;105: 102-3. 5 Bailey RR, Peddie BA. Treatment of acute urinary tract infection in women. Ann Int Med 1987;107:430. 6 Rubenstein E, Carbon C. The fluoroquinolones-reappraisal. Int JAntimicrobAgents 1992;1:147-52. 7 Bailey RR. Single dose treatment for bacteriuria of pregnancy. In: Bailey RR, ed. Single dose therapy of urinary tract infection. Sydney: ADIS, 1983:73-8.
Amantadine reduces levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys

The antidyskinetic potential of the glutamate NMDA receptor channel blocker amantadine was evaluated in four levodopa‐primed parkinsonian monkeys using two different regimens (1.25 or 2.5 mg/kg administered subcutaneously twice daily for 3–6 days). When administered with a relatively low dose of levodopa, amantadine produced a near‐total suppression of choreiform dyskinesias and a substantial reduction in dystonic dyskinesias at the expense of a significant reduction in antiparkinsonian response. With a high dose of levodopa, amantadine had a smaller but still significant effect on dyskinesias without altering the antiparkinsonian response. These results lend support to the view that glutamate receptormediated mechanisms contribute to levodopa‐induced dyskinesias. They also suggest that amantadine could alleviate such complications in parkinsonian patients, especially with careful dose optimization.
Effects of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on eosinophil recruitment in experimental allergic rhinitis

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are potent lipid mediators in allergic disease, acting through a receptor (cysLT1‐R) which can be targeted in rhinitis and asthma. We investigated the effects of cysLT1‐R antagonism in experimental allergic rhinitis, focusing on bone marrow eosinophil progenitor responses. BALB/c mice were sensitized, then given daily intranasal ovalbumin for 2 weeks, with montelukast sodium (5 mg/kg or 2·5 mg/kg) or placebo by gavage. Bone marrow eosinophil/basophil colonies were enumerated, and colony cells were morphologically assessed as indices of eosinophil differentiation and maturation. Montelukast treatment resulted in a significant decrease of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa, and in either bone marrow interleukin (IL)‐5‐, but not IL‐3‐, or granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐responsive eosinophil/basophil colony‐forming units, and IL‐5‐stimulated eosinophil maturation. These results indicate that cysLT1‐R antagonism in vivo limits both IL‐5‐responsive eosinophilopoiesis, acting at several stages of eosinophil differentiation and maturation. The anti‐allergic effects of cysLT1‐R antagonists are consistent with the concept that cysLTs and IL‐5 act together in the recruitment of eosinophils and eosinophil progenitors from the marrow during upper airway allergic inflammation.
A better way to do this? Views of mental health nursing directors about preparation for mental health nursing practice.

OBJECTIVE Nursing directors in mental health services hold important leadership positions that include responsibility for the nursing workforce. The comprehensive or generalist approach to undergraduate nursing education consistently poses significant recruitment problems. Specialisation in mental health within Bachelor of Nursing programs has been suggested as a potential solution. This paper presents the views and opinions of mental health nursing directors regarding undergraduate specialisation. METHODS A qualitative exploratory study was undertaken. Thirteen nursing directors from Queensland Mental Health Services participated in an in-depth telephone interview. The data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Nursing directors were very supportive of specialisation in mental health at the undergraduate level. Thematic analysis revealed four main themes: perceived advantages of the specialist stream; knowledge and experience; increased recruitment; and commitment. CONCLUSIONS Nursing directors are important stakeholders in educational preparation for practice in mental health settings. The research participants described many potential benefits to undergraduate specialisation. Their voice provides an important contribution to this issue.
Activation and Role of MAP Kinases in 15d-PGJ2–Induced Apoptosis in the Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line MIA PaCa-2

Aim We have previously reported that 15-deoxy-&Dgr;12,14 -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a potent ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &ggr; (PPAR&ggr;), induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are known to regulate apoptosis in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38) in 15d-PGJ2–induced pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis. Methodology The effect of 15d-PGJ2 on MAPK activity was investigated by kinase assays using the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. Western blot analysis was performed to analyze phosphorylation of MAPKs, activation of caspases and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 enzymatic activity and DNA fragmentation assay. Results 15d-PGJ2 activated all 3 MAPKs in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. SB202190, an inhibitor of p38, prevented 15d-PGJ2–induced activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and significantly decreased apoptosis. This effect was potentiated by SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK, although SP600125 alone had no significant effect on 15d-PGJ2–induced apoptosis. In contrast, PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK, significantly increased sensitivity to 15d-PGJ2–induced apoptosis. Conclusions 15d-PGJ2 stimulates proapoptotic and antiapoptotic MAPK pathways. Sensitivity to 15d-PGJ2–induced apoptosis is increased by ERK inhibition but decreased by inhibition of p38.
Differential effect of the autoimmune yaa and ipr genes on the acceleration of lupus‐like syndrome in mrl/mpj mice

The Yaa gene (Y chromosome‐linked autoimmune acceleration), linked to the BXSB/MpJ Y chromosome, and the autosomal recessive Ipr (lymphoproliferation) gene have been shown to accelerate the progression of the lupus‐like autoimmune syndrome in the BXSB and MRL strains, respectively. To compare more directly the role of the Yaa and Ipr genes in the development of the autoimmune syndrome, the Ychromosome of BXSB mice was transferred to MRL mice by backcross procedures, and the effect of the Yaa gene on the autoantibody formation and the development of lupus‐like nephritis in MRL mice was investigated in comparison with those bearing the Ipr mutation. The Yaa gene as well as the Ipr gene were able to shorten the life span of MRL mice as a result of the accelerated development of lethal lupus‐like nephritis. However, the acceleration promoted by the Yaa gene (50% mortality rate: 12 months) was less severe than that induced by the Ipr gene (50% mortality rate: 7 months). This may be related to the finding that the Ipr gene enhanced the production of a large spectrum of autoantibodies, including anti‐DNA, rheumatoid factors and anti‐gp70, and of cryoglobulins, whereas only anti‐gp70 production among the autoantibodies studied was markedly enhanced by the Yaa gene. The selective autoimmune accelerating effect of the Yaa gene was similarly observed in (NZW x MRL)F1 hybrid mice. Our results suggest that the Yaa gene, unlike the Ipr gene, exhibits selective autoimmune accelerating activity, but as as result of increased formation of certain nephritogenic autoantibodies such as anti‐gp70 antibodies, the Yaa gene is able to accelerate the progression of lupus‐like nephritis in lupus‐prone mice.
Rituximab and its role as maintenance therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Since rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, was introduced into clinical practice in 1997, data regarding its benefit in terms of response rate, quality of response, progression-free survival and overall survival in B-cell lymphoid malignancies continues to expand. Rituximab has proven to be a relatively well-tolerated drug, with its major side effects being infusion related. Rituximab was approved initially by the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency for relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Subsequently, its use has been extended to include first-line therapy in low-grade lymphoma as well as the treatment of more aggressive histological subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In this article, we review the landmark trials that have impacted clinical practice in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and the emerging data for use of rituximab as maintenance therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Software Security Testing

Testing software security is a commonly misunderstood task. Done properly, it goes deeper than simple black-box probing on the presentation layer (the sort performed by so-called application security tools) - and even beyond the functional testing of security apparatus. Testers must use risk-based approaches, grounded in both the system's architectural reality and the attacker's mindset, to gauge software security adequately. By identifying risks in the system and creating tests driven by those risks, a software security tester can properly focus on areas of code in which an attack is likely to succeed. This approach provides a higher level of software security assurance than is possible with classical black-box testing.
Relaxin Stimulates Uterine Edema via Activation of Estrogen Receptors: Blockade of its Effects Using ICI 182,789, a Specific Estrogen Receptor Antagonist.

Relaxin’s ability to stimulate uterine growth is well established. The mechanisms by which relaxin exerts this effect, however, remain unclear. In light of previous work demonstrating peptide growth factor activation of estrogen receptors (ERs), the present study was conducted to determine if relaxin similarly stimulates ERs. Twenty-five day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally ovariectomized and treated with estradiol or porcine relaxin alone or in combination with the ER antagonist ICI 182,780. Following treatment with 17β-estradiol or relaxin alone, the uterine weight/body weight ratio (UtW/BW) increaased significantly over control values (+98% and +77%, respectively, p< 0.0003). Pre-treatment of animals with ICI 182,780 (3 μg/g BW) prior to either estradiol or relaxin treatment completely inhibited the hormone-induced increases in uterine weight (p < 0.0005). ICI 182,780 alone had no significant effect. Histological analysis of uterine cross-sections revealed that the edema present in the e.
Elimination of Salmonella typhimurium infection by the strategic movement of pigs

Three field investigations were carried out to assess the feasibility of raising salmonella-free finishers from pigs born in infected herds, by moving the pigs to clean and disinfected facilities before their expected exposure to the bacteria from the environment. Three herds with persistently high levels of subclinical infection with S typhimurium in the finishing pigs were used. They practised all-in all-out management in the nurseries and in the grower units. A total of 844 pigs were moved, either at weaning, from the nursery, or from the grower unit to newly built or rigorously cleaned and disinfected finishing units with no known history of salmonella infection. No detectable infection was observed at slaughter either serologically or bacteriologically by random testing of the pigs which had been moved, whereas a proportion of the pigs raised at the same time in the continuous systems on the farms were found to be infected.
Carcinoma Cuniculatum in Course of Etanercept: Blocking Autoimmunity but Propagation of Carcinogenesis?

Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) or verrucous squamous cell carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with low incidence of metastasis. It mainly affects men during the fifth-sixth decade of life, arising mostly on the weight-bearing surface of the foot, but it can also be found in other body areas. The favorable effects on the psoriatic, rheumatoid, juvenile polyarthritis as well as the ankylosing spondylitis after the application of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors, like etanercept, presume the availability of similarity between the etiopathogenetic mechanisms which are responsible for the generation of the inflammatory cascade. According to the latest studies, the sensitivity of the patients to TNF-alpha inhibitors could be genetically determined and may also be due to certain genetic polymorphisms of the NLP3 and CARD8 zones of the inflammasome. The blocking of the inflammatory reaction within the borderlines of the psoriatic arthritis could also be accepted as something of a “double edged sword”. There is a growing volume of literary data which informs us of the clinical manifestation, not only of skin, but also of other types of tumors after the application of TNF-alpha inhibitors. This inevitably generates the hypothesis that within a certain group of patients the TNF-alpha inhibitors have some additional, and currently obscure, effects on presumably key regulatory proteins of the so-called extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Other proteins of the human inflammasome could be also implicated in the regulation of the programmed cell death and the carcinogenesis - there are speculations, that the adapter protein, ASC/TMS1, could be one of these. The present study describes the case of a patient who developed a rare form of skin tumor - epithelioma cuniculatum - whilst undergoing etanercept therapy for psoriatic arthritis. Under discussion are the possible critical connections in the complex regulatory “networks” of the inflammatory processes, the programmed cell death (apoptosis) and the carcinogenesis which, in the near or distant future, could become the objects of a targeted therapy.