Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in cirrhosis caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease.

BACKGROUND To clarify the carcinogenic factors associated with steatohepatitis, we investigated the characteristic features of hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in patients with cirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) and cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease (ALD-LC). METHODS A total of 72 patients with NASH-LC and 85 with ALD-LC (both biopsy-proven steatohepatitis without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) were assessed with regard to the development of hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies. Risk factors for HCC were analyzed. RESULTS During follow-up, 10 NASH-LC patients and 6 ALD-LC patients developed HCC. The 5-year HCC development rate was similar for these 2 groups, being 10.5% in the NASH-LC group and 12.3% in the ALD-LC group. After adjusting for age and gender, the HCC development rates were also similar. Risk factors for HCC in the NASH-LC group were older age, higher γ-GTP level, and higher Child-Pugh score as determined by Cox hazards analysis. Regarding risk factors in the ALD-LC group, no risk factor was found by Cox hazards analysis, although diabetes mellitus led to a significantly higher HCC rate by log-rank test (p = 0.013). Regarding extrahepatic cancer, only 1 NASH-LC patient (1.4%) developed endometrial cancer. In contrast, 7 ALD-LC patients (8.2%) had other cancers (p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS Comparison between NASH-LC and ALD-LC revealed similar HCC development curves. However, the risk factors for HCC and extrahepatic malignancies differed between the 2 diseases. In ALD-LC, the incidences of HCC and extrahepatic cancer are similar. When treating LC patients with NASH or ALD, the risk factors and extrahepatic malignancies associated with ALD-LC should be assessed.
Skew control methodology for useful-skew implementation

Skew optimization is an important stage of the physical design. Previous studies suggested various skew optimization algorithms [1-7]. However, many of them have only focused on the zero-skew optimization [1-3], and several recent studies focus on a useful-skew optimization [5-7]. In this paper, we propose a novel skew optimization method for useful-skew implementation. Our proposed method generates optimal skew values, and applies them to a clock tree without any buffer insertion.
Serum amyloid A remains at physiological concentrations in coronary atherosclerosis.

Serum amyloid A (SAA), an apolipoprotein found in HDL, is a sensitive acute-phase reactant, its concentration in serum increasing up to 1000-fold in inflammatory disorders. Recently, greater attention has been paid to the roles of SAA in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis under inflammatory conditions. Findings have shown that (a) SAA maintains the reverse cholesterol transport system (1), (b) cells in the artery walls are able to express SAA (2), and (c) SAA is present in atherosclerotic lesions (3). However, …
Do Accounting Programs at Saudi Universities Adopt Relevant Skills?

This study aims at investigating wither accounting programs at Saudi universities incorporate relevant skills into its curriculum or not. The study utilizes International Educational Standards (IES), mainly standard 3 to identify the relevant skills for accounting graduates, as these standards represent internationally accepted standards for accounting education. Based on IES 3 structure and components, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to Saudi universities that offer accounting programs, and a total number of 111 questionnaires were revealed and analyzed. The results indicated that Saudi universities incorporate intellectual skills, technical and functional skills and interpersonal and communication skills into the curriculum of its accounting programs, while these programs lack both personal skills and organizational and business management skills. Such results support the lack of a comprehensive framework at Saudi universities for its accounting programs. The study recommends universities and regulators to deeply assess accounting programs at Saudi universities and to redesign its curriculum to meet the need for skilled and qualified accountants.
Physiological studies on facial reflexes in the rat.

Experiments were performed on 36 male albino rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide. Recordings were made with single and multibarrel glass microelectrodes in the facial nucleus and monopolar silver wire electrodes on the lingual, facial, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves. The absolute refractory period for facial motoneurones is 2-3 ms, the relative refractory period has a duration of 26-34 ms and the range in axonal conduction velocities is from 15 to 45 m.sec-1. No evidence for afferent fibres in the muscle branches of the facial and hypoglassal nerves could be found. The lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves show reflex connexions with both the facial and hypoglassal nerves. The time courses of the potentiations and depressions of test facial antidromic field potentials following lingual and glossopharyngeal conditioning stimuli are given. Evoked synaptic activity and the distribution of field potentials in the facial mucleus following lingual and glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation are also described. The observed lingual and glossopharyngeal-facial reflexes are discussed with respect to blink reflexes.
Electronic Structure and Bonding in YTi2Ga4 – A Gallide with Linear Titanium Chains and Four-bonded Gallium Atoms

Abstract The gallium-rich ternary intermetallic compound YTi2Ga4 is isotypic with YbMo2Al4, I4/mmm, Z =2. Yttrium is located in a large cage built up by 12 gallium atoms. Chains of condensed Y@Ga12 polyhedra and linear titanium chains build up a tetragonal rod packing. The gallium atoms are bonded within Ga4 squares (265 pm Ga-Ga) which are condensed via longer Ga-Ga bonds (292 pm) to a three-dimensional gallium substructure with formally four-connected gallium, in agreement with a Bader charge partitioning scheme [YTi2]4+[Ga4]4-. These features are addressed with electronic structure and chemical bonding considerations. The metallic behavior of YTi2Ga4 is found to be of the itinerant electron type within the valence band and Ti d-like states at EF. Ga-Ga and Ti-Ga bonding characteristics provide mechanical properties derived from the full set of elastic constants leading to a brittle material. Graphical Abstract Electronic Structure and Bonding in YTi2Ga4 – A Gallide with Linear Titanium Chains and Four-bonded Gallium Atoms
Loss of α-tubulin polyglutamylation in ROSA22 mice is associated with abnormal targeting of KIF1A and modulated synaptic function

Microtubules function as molecular tracks along which motor proteins transport a variety of cargo to discrete destinations within the cell. The carboxyl termini of α- and β-tubulin can undergo different posttranslational modifications, including polyglutamylation, which is particularly abundant within the mammalian nervous system. Thus, this modification could serve as a molecular “traffic sign” for motor proteins in neuronal cells. To investigate whether polyglutamylated α-tubulin could perform this function, we analyzed ROSA22 mice that lack functional PGs1, a subunit of α-tubulin-selective polyglutamylase. In wild-type mice, polyglutamylated α-tubulin is abundant in both axonal and dendritic neurites. ROSA22 mutants display a striking loss of polyglutamylated α-tubulin within neurons, including their neurites, which is associated with decreased binding affinity of certain structural microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins, including kinesins, to microtubules purified from ROSA22-mutant brain. Of the kinesins examined, KIF1A, a subfamily of kinesin-3, was less abundant in neurites from ROSA22 mutants in vitro and in vivo, whereas the distribution of KIF3A (kinesin-2) and KIF5 (kinesin-1) appeared unaltered. The density of synaptic vesicles, a cargo of KIF1A, was decreased in synaptic terminals in the CA1 region of hippocampus in ROSA22 mutants. Consistent with this finding, ROSA22 mutants displayed more rapid depletion of synaptic vesicles than wild-type littermates after high-frequency stimulation. These data provide evidence for a role of polyglutamylation of α-tubulin in vivo, as a molecular traffic sign for targeting of KIF1 kinesin required for continuous synaptic transmission.
Class benefits of AT1 antagonists in Type 2 diabetes with nephropathy

Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in many countries and is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The angiotensin II receptor-1 (AT1) antagonists losartan and irbesartan have recently been evaluated as renoprotective agents in large clinical trials of patients with Type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. In the Reduction of End points in Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist (RENAAL) study, losartan decreased the number of patients reaching the primary end point of a composite of measures of neuropathy. The relative risk reduction was ~ 15% with losartan and this was due to a reduction in both the doubling of creatinine concentration (25%) and of ESRD (28%) but not in death. In the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT), the beneficial effect of irbesartan was mainly against the doubling of the baseline creatinine concentration (37% risk reduction) but there was also a 20% reduction in the onset of ESRD. Irbesartan had no effect on mortality. Beneficial effects occurred in addition to blood pressure being controlled by agents other than the AT1 antagonists. These clinical trials suggest that there may be a class renoprotective action with AT1 antagonists, although the mechanism is not clear. Patients with Type 2 diabetes and nephropathy should receive either an AT1 antagonist or the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril to ensure renoprotection.
Clinical Reasoning: A 66-year-old man with recurrent multi-territory infarcts

A 66-year-old man was referred to our center for evaluation of recurrent infarcts in multiple vascular territories over the preceding 6 months (figure 1). The patient first presented with a 3-month, stuttering course of transient neurologic deficits, including right arm and leg hemiparesis, expressive aphasia, and right homonymous hemianopia. He was initially evaluated at a community Stroke Prevention Clinic. His medical history was significant for several classic vascular risk factors: coronary artery disease requiring a coronary artery bypass graft, dyslipidemia for which he was taking atorvastatin 20 mg daily, and obstructive sleep apnea with noncompliance to his continuous positive airway pressure mask. In addition, he had atrial fibrillation for which he had undergone a cardiac ablation procedure 2 years prior. He was a nonsmoker and was normotensive. He had a distant history of left nephrectomy for biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma, with several subsequent normal abdominal ultrasounds.
An Evaluation of the Management Information System and Technology in Hospitals (GESITI/Hospitals)

The research project “Management of System and Information Technology in Hospitals” (GESITI/Hospitals) has the purpose of mapping out the management of Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) in hospitals. By applying a multifocal prospective questionnaire in hospitals, the research aims to identify the hospitals need and demand, prospecting for unfolding, and generate a public integrated research report for supporting public and/or private decisions-makings. The ultimate result from this GESITI/Health research project should be a significant improvement on the hospital management and on the decisions-makings, which must reflect on peoples more satisfied regarding a better health care. Therefore, this paper aims to publish the main ideas of the GESITI/Health project i.e., its “Methodology &original Prospective Questionnaire (PQ)”. The methodology used is the Interpretative (or Introspective). About the PQ, we do not known, up to this date, who have developed a multifocal broad field tool -the PQ-, aiming wide hospitals management-. From 2010-16 the “methodology and PQ” have been implemented by about forty -40universities -and increasing-, from Brazil and Abroad and, forty local research reports were generated. A book, published by the Brazilian Minister of Health [1], presents the results of a pilot project carried out by nineteen 19out of these forty -40universities, to know: sixteen Brazilian, one Mexican, one Argentina, one from Slovakia and one from Portugal. The chapter 25 of this book [1.A] presents an integrated research from all nineteen chapters -an integrated research report-. Finally, in the oral presentation, we will briefly present the “Methodology and the PQ” presented in this paper and, also, we will present an integrated comparative analyzes -main results got with the field application of the PQregarding the case studies accomplished by the universities from Brazil & Abroad.
The Immunodominant, Ld-Restricted T Cell Response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Efficiently Suppresses T Cell Priming to Multiple Dd-, Kd-, and Kb-Restricted HBsAg Epitopes1

MHC-I-restricted CTL responses of H-2d (Ld+ or Ld−) and F1 H-2dxb mice to hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) are primed by either DNA vaccines or HBsAg particles. The Dd/S201–209 and Kd/S199–208 epitopes are generated by processing endogenous HBsAg; the Kb/S208–215 epitope is generated by processing exogenous HBsAg; and the Ld/S28–39 epitope is generated by exogenous as well as endogenous processing of HBsAg. DNA vaccination primed high numbers of CTL specific for the Ld/S28–39 HBsAg epitope, low numbers of CTL specific for the Dd/S201–209 or Kd/S199–208 HBsAg epitopes in BALB/c mice, and high numbers of Dd/S201–209- and Kd/S199–208-specific CTL in congenic H-2d/Ld− dm2 mice. In F1dxb mice, the Kd-, Dd-, and Kb-restricted CTL responses to HBsAg were strikingly suppressed in the presence but efficiently elicited in the absence of Ld/S28–39-specific CTL. Once primed, the Kd- and Dd-restricted CTL responses to HBsAg were resistant to suppression by immunodominant Ld/S28–39-specific CTL. The Ld-restricted immunodominant CTL reactivity to HBsAg can thus suppress priming to multiple alternative epitopes of HBsAg, independent of the processing pathway that generates the epitope, of the background of the mouse strain used, and of the presence/absence of different allelic variants of the K and D MHC class I molecules.
THE RATE OF REGENERATION OF NERVE

1. Five different methods have been used to estimate the rate of advance of regeneration along nerves in the rabbit. Not all give the same result. When the advance of the axon tips is studied a higher rate is recorded than when the times necessary for functional recovery are considered. In the latter case the experiment gives a measure of the rate of advance not of the tips of the axons but of completed nerve fibres, able to function. 2. The ‘scar delay’, or period before arrival of new axon tips in the peripheral stump, is nearly constant in all well-made sutures (7.3 days). After interruption of a nerve by complete crushing at one spot this delay is only slightly shorter (5.2 days). 3. There is a further delay before maturation to the level of functional completion begins to advance down the nerve, so that the total latent period before advance of recovery begins is about 36 days after suture and 20 days after crushing a nerve. 4. The rate of advance of the fastest axon tips was determined by finding the furthest point from the lesion at which reflexes could be elicited by pinching the nerve. After suture of the n. peroneus in the rabbit this rate was 3.5 and after crushing 4.4 mm. /day. 5. This rate of the axon tips is not significantly different after crushing the nerve at different distances from the nerve cell body, namely high in the thigh or below the knee. 6. This rate is similar in the tibial, peroneal and sural divisions of the sciatic in the rabbit. 7. The rate of advance of functional, completion of nerve fibres was measured by making lesions at various levels and studying ( a ) the time necessary for return of response to nociceptive stimuli to a given point on the skin and ( b ) the time for recovery of a given motor function, namely, spreading of the toes. Both methods give rates of 2.0 mm. /day after suture, and 3.0 mm. /day after crushing. 8. Analgesic areas on the foot shrink at the rate of 2.1 mm. /day during recovery after crushing the nerve, 1.6 mm. /day after suture. 9. Comparison of the times of recovery of muscles at varying distances from a lesion gives an estimate of rate of advance of functional completion of 2.2 mm. /day after crushing a nerve, but this method is only approximate in the rabbit. 10. In rabbits of 1 month old the rate of advance of the axon tips is not greatly different from that in adults, but the delay in the scar is less, and maturation of the nerve fibres proceeds more rapidly.
Governance Structure, Social Emotional Wealth and Family Firm Innovation

Innovation is important to the sustainable development of family firm. From the subjective and objective perspectives, this paper uses multiple regression model to analyze the impact of family involvement and social emotional wealth (SEW) on family firm innovation. This is an attempt and breakthrough in the research on the theory crossover and heterogeneity in the field of family firm innovative.
Attitudes about prescribing take-home naloxone to injection drug users for the management of heroin overdose: a survey of street-recruited injectors in the San Francisco Bay Area

Naloxone, an injectable opiate antagonist, can immediately reverse an opiate overdose and prevent overdose death. We sought to determine injection drug users’ (IDUs) attitudes about being prescribed take-home naloxone. During November 1999 to February 2000, we surveyed 82 street-recruited IDUs from the San Francisco Bay Area of California who had experienced one or more heroin overdose events. We used a questiomaire that included structured and open-ended questions. Most respondents (89%) had witnessed an overdose, and 90% reported initially attempting lay remedies in an effort to help companions survive. Only 51% reported soliciting emergency assistance (calling 911) for the last witnessed overdose, with most hesitating due to fear of police involvement. Of IDUs surveyed, 87% were strongly in favor of participating in an overdose management training program to receive take-home naloxone and training in resuscitation techniques. Nevertheless, respontdents expressed a variety of concerning attitudes. If provided naloxone, 35% predicted that they might feel comfortable using greater amounts of heroin, 62% might be less inclined to call 911 for an overdose, 30% might leave an overdose victim after naloxone resuscitation, and 46% might not be able to dissuade the victim from using heroin again to alleviate with drawal symptoms induced by naloxone. Prescribing take-home naloxone to IDUs with training in its use and in resuscitation techniques may represent a life-saving, peer-based adjunct to accessing emergency services. Nevertheless, strategies for overcoming potential risks associated with the use of take-home naloxone would need to be emphasized in an overdose management training program.
Nitric oxide as an antimicrobial agent: does NO always mean NO?

See article on page 334 Nitric oxide (NO) synthesised from l-arginine subserves multiple physiological functions in the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and central and peripheral nervous systems.1 But synthesis of NO also contributes to host defence and seems to have cytostatic and cytotoxic effects against certain pathogens, and even against host cells themselves.1 How is this double act achieved? What determines the switch from physiological mediator to lethal gas and how is bacterial killing achieved? The simple and standard answer to the dual action of NO is that its effects depend on the amounts generated and the local concentrations achieved. In the nanomolar concentrations generated by constitutive NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, NO acts as a cell signalling molecule and interacts preferentially with its physiological target enzymes—the most significant of which seem to be soluble guanylyl cyclase and possibly cytochrome C oxidase. At the higher concentrations generated when the other enzymes become targets for NO action the cytokine induced isoform of NOS (iNOS) is expressed in cells. Haem containing enzymes, enzymes with Fe-S clusters including aconitase, NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase, the non-haem metalloenzymes, ribonucleotide reductase and DNA itself are all susceptible to inhibition or damage when NO output is high. Consistent with this high versus low output explanation, soluble guanylyl cyclase and cytochrome C oxidase are reversibly affected by NO (stimulation and inhibition respectively) with near maximal effects occurring in the nanomolar range of NO concentrations whereas effects on other enzymes occur only in the micromolar range and are often irreversible. Despite the simplicity and attractiveness of the low versus high output theory, it is almost certainly only partially correct. Many reports indicate that organisms which seem to be killed following induction of the l-arginine/NO pathway in immune cells are resistant to the effects of NO …
Shift scheduling model considering workload and worker’s preference for security department

Security department operates for 24 hours and applies shift scheduling to organize its workers as well as in hotel industry. This research has been conducted to develop shift scheduling model considering the workers physical workload using rating of perceived exertion (RPE) Borg’s Scale and workers’ preference to accommodate schedule flexibility. The mathematic model is developed in integer linear programming and results optimal solution for simple problem. Resulting shift schedule of the developed model has equally distribution shift allocation among workers to balance the physical workload and give flexibility for workers in working hours arrangement.
Nucleotide excision repair in Escherichia coli

One of the best-studied DNA repair pathways is nucleotide excision repair, a process consisting of DNA damage recognition, incision, excision, repair resynthesis, and DNA ligation. Escherichia coli has served as a model organism for the study of this process. Recently, many of the proteins that mediate E. coli nucleotide excision have been purified to homogeneity; this had led to a molecular description of this repair pathway. One of the key repair enzymes of this pathway is the UvrABC nuclease complex. The individual subunits of this enzyme cooperate in a complex series of partial reactions to bind to and incise the DNA near a damaged nucleotide. The UvrABC complex displays a remarkable substrate diversity. Defining the structural features of DNA lesions that provide the specificity for damage recognition by the UvrABC complex is of great importance, since it represents a unique form of protein-DNA interaction. Using a number of in vitro assays, researchers have been able to elucidate the action mechanism of the UvrABC nuclease complex. Current research is devoted to understanding how these complex events are mediated within the living cell.