Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reader Engagement with Data Journalism: Comparing the Guardian and Washington Post's Coverage of People Killed by Police

The issue of people killed by police has become a focus of current political and social discourse related to criminal justice reform in the United States. Two data journalism projects attempting to track previously missing data have been central to a changing discussion. The Guardian’s The Counted and The Washington Post’s Investigation: Police Shootings have each attempted to create a running log of fatalities resulting from law enforcement activities. Such endeavors have added to a collective consciousness about the scope and commonality of deadly police encounters, and has provided empirical reference points for various legislative pushes related to police accountability. These two projects – one from an acknowledged leader in data journalism, the other by a legacy newspaper with a tradition of Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalism – presented a unique opportunity to compare and contrast two exemplars of data journalism in an active contemporary media context. This thesis conducted a comparative case study consisting of content analysis built on a framework of Coddington’s (2015) typology. Findings showed two different approaches to data journalism, one of which won the Pulitzer Prize. In the end, this thesis proposes future research to consider adding a new dimension to Coddington – vision of self, which would assess different data journalism decisions as a binary choice between journalism seen primarily as a public service or hard news.
Proteolytic generation of kinins in tissues infected by Trypanosoma cruzi depends on CXC chemokine secretion by macrophages activated via Toll‐like 2 receptors

Previous analysis of the endogenous innate signals that steer T cell‐dependent immunity in mice acutely infected by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that bradykinin (BK) or lysyl‐BK, i.e., the short‐lived peptides excised from plasma‐borne kininogens through the activity of cruzipain, induces dendritic cell maturation via BK B2 receptors (B2R). Here, we used the s.c. model of T. cruzi infection to study the functional interplay of TLR2, CXCR2, and B2R in edema development. Using intravital microscopy, we found that repertaxin (CXCR2 antagonist) blocked tissue‐culture trypomastigotes (TCT)‐induced plasma leakage and leukocyte accumulation in the hamster cheek pouch topically exposed to TCT. Furthermore, we found that TCT‐evoked paw edema in BALB/c mice was blocked by repertaxin or HOE‐140 (B2R antagonist), suggesting that CXCR2 propels the extravascular activation of the kinin/B2R pathway. We then asked if TLR2‐mediated sensing of TCT by innate sentinel cells could induce secretion of CXC chemokines, which would then evoke neutrophil‐dependent plasma leakage via the CXCR2/B2R pathway. Consistent with this notion, in vitro studies revealed that TCT induce robust secretion of CXC chemokines by resident macrophages in a TLR2‐dependent manner. In contrast, TLR2+/+ macrophages stimulated with insect‐derived metacyclic trypomastigotes or epimastigotes, which lack the developmentally regulated TLR2 agonist displayed by TCT, failed to secrete keratinocyte‐derived chemokine/MIP‐2. Collectively, these results suggest that secretion of CXC chemokines by innate sentinel cells links TLR2‐dependent recognition of TCT to the kinin system, a proteolytic web that potently amplifies vascular inflammation and innate immunity through the extravascular release of BK.
Hodgkin's lymphoma: the role of cell surface receptors in regulation of tumor cell fate.

UNLABELLED The hallmark of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) are mononucleated Hodgkin's cells and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, which usually account for only about 1% of cells in the tumor tissue. The majority of HRS cells in classical HL are derived from germinal centre B cells that have acquired disadvantageous Ig variable chain gene mutations and escaped from apoptosis. Due to reprogramming of gene expression, these lymphoma cells have lost the expression of most B-cell specific genes and acquired expression of multiple genes that are typical for other hematopoietic cells. HRS cells attract various cells of immune system into lymphoma tissue resulting in an inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, HRS cells are dependent on microenvironment, especially on survival signals from other cells. Despite the loss of BCR - the master-regulator of B cell fate, HRS cells express a number of receptors that regulate tumor cell survival. The rescue of HRS cells from apoptosis is a key event in HL pathogenesis. These cells express at least six receptors that belong to TNF receptor family: CD30, CD40, CD95, TACI, BCMA and RANK, co-stimulatory receptors CD80 and CD86, and E-selectins ligand CD15. Due to the mutations in genes encoding proteins of CD95-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, it is not functional in HRS cells. Ligands of TNF family receptors on cells in HL microenvironment contribute to the activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways and survival program of HRS cells. Moreover, in HRS cells a number of multiple mutations in negative NF-κB regulators, and also gains and amplifications of positive regulators, cooperate in deregulating these pathways. All TNF receptors may be linked to the activation of prosurvival gene expression programs via Akt and ERK pathways. HRS cells also express CD150 receptor with specific ITSM motifs in the cytoplasmic tail. Ligation of this receptor on HRS cells induced activation of Akt and ERK pathways, and moreover, it triggered activation of JNK signaling cascade. CONCLUSION The review presents the current views on the role of cell surface receptors in maintenance of HL microenvironment favorable for HRS cells survival.
Proarrhythmic effects of a quinidine analog in dogs with chronic A‐V block

Summary— The proarrhythmic effects of 3‐hydroxy‐hydroquinidine (3‐OH‐HQ) and quinidine were compared in a canine model of QT‐dependent ventricular arrhythmias. Eight hypokalemic ([K+] ≤ 3.2 mmol/l) dogs with AV block (around 45 bpm) were given either drug in a randomized order at 2‐day intervals. Each drug was given as two 1 hour doses, with a bolus (low dose: 5 mg/kg or high dose: 10 mg/kg) plus infusion (25 or 50 μg/kg/min) protocol. Propranolol infusion was combined with a third hour of the high dose infusion. Electrophysiologic measurements were performed at baseline and 30 minutes after the beginning of each dose and propranolol infusion, and proarrhythmic events were recorded 30 minutes before and during the experiment. Neither drugs altered the ventricular cycle length. Quinidine and 3‐OH‐HQ prolonged the QT interval similarly and significantly when paced at 60 bpm after the low dose (+ 39 ± 18 and + 28 ± 22 msec, respectively) and after the high dose (+ 51 ± 29 and + 50 ± 22 msec). Quinidine was more arrhythmogenic than 3‐OH‐HQ: 7/8 dogs (p ≤ 0.05) developed ventricular arrhythmias (isolated, repetitive ventricular beats, or polymorphic ventricular tachycardias) during quinidine infusion (low dose: 4 dogs) compared to 3/8 dogs (NS) during 3‐OH‐HQ infusion (low dose: 1 dog). Addition of propranolol‐induced bradycardia (around 30 bpm) caused torsades de pointes (wave burst arrhythmias) or polymorphic ventricular tachycardias after both drugs (in 3 dogs after quinidine and in 2 dogs after 3‐OH‐HQ). Thus 3‐OH‐HQ was slightly less arrhythmogenic than quinidine in this model of torsades de pointes, but the addition of an extra favouring factor (bradycardia) reduced that difference.
High Predictive Value of F-18 FDG PET Patterns of the Spine for Metastases or Benign Lesions With Good Agreement Between Readers

Two nuclear medicine physicians retrospectively evaluated fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) spine abnormalities in patients with cancer with the purpose of identifying straightforward criteria for benign versus malignant spine abnormalities. Four hundred seventy-five consecutive patients with colon, breast, and lung cancer were evaluated with FDG. Thirty-two patients (32) had spine abnormalities, 30 of 32 patients had adequate follow up for a final diagnosis, and 29 of 30 patients’ studies were available to both PET readers for this retrospective review. The readers categorized the FDG PET abnormalities as benign, metastatic, or equivocal using a straightforward set of criteria. A final diagnosis was made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), plain films, bone scans, previous studies, and clinical follow up. A single spinal focus of increased FDG activity had a relatively high probability of being a spinal metastasis (71%); and the more foci, the higher the probability. Segmental decreased activity of the spine after radiation therapy indicated benignity. The only discrepancies were with 3 abnormalities, each called metastasis by 1 reader and equivocal by the other, with a final diagnosis of metastasis in each case. Equivocal patterns required CT or MR correlation, because these could be either malignant or benign. However, abnormal patterns fulfilling either the benign or metastatic criteria described here resulted in the correct diagnoses of benign spinal changes or spinal metastases, respectively, in 100% of cases with low interobserver variation. No study was interpreted as benign by 1 reader and metastasis by the other. The 2 nuclear medicine readers agreed in their interpretations in 90% of cases.
Methodological Frameworks for Developing a Model of the Public Sphere in Public Libraries

Introduction. This paper identifies research gaps in the literature related to the public sphere and public libraries. The paper then proposes methodological frameworks and data collection techniques to extend research in this area. Method. A review of the literature related to the public sphere and public libraries is conducted to identify research gaps and develop promising research approaches. Analysis. Previous literature is analyzed according to epistemological and ontological approaches. Results. Existing literature related to the public sphere and public libraries exhibits epistemological and ontological shortcomings. Empirical studies are relatively few and existing studies remain tied to a limited public sphere concept. Conclusion. Two new methodological frameworks are proposed to guide future work in this area. One framework is the circulation of power model; the other framework is a custom-built model with multiple axes and dimensions.
Body Composition as a Predictor of Toxicity in Patients Receiving Anthracycline and Taxane–Based Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Purpose: Poor body composition metrics (BCM) are associated with inferior cancer outcomes; however, in early breast cancer (EBC), there is a paucity of evidence regarding the impact of BCM on toxicities. This study investigates associations between BCM and treatment-related toxicity in patients with EBC receiving anthracyclines and taxane–based chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Pretreatment computerized tomographic (CT) images were evaluated for skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle density (SMD), and fat tissue at the third lumbar vertebrae. Skeletal muscle index (SMI = SMA/height2) and skeletal muscle gauge (SMG = SMI × SMD) were also calculated. Relative risks (RR) are reported for associations between body composition measures and toxicity outcomes, after adjustment for age and body surface area (BSA). Results: BCM were calculated for 151 patients with EBC (median age, 49 years; range, 23–75 years). Fifty patients (33%) developed grade 3/4 toxicity, which was significantly higher in those with low SMI (RR, 1.29; P = 0.002), low SMG (RR, 1.09; P = 0.01), and low lean body mass (RR, 1.48; P = 0.002). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the SMG measure to be the best predictor of grade 3/4 toxicity. Dividing SMG into tertiles showed toxicity rates of 46% and 22% for lowest versus highest tertile, respectively (P = 0.005). After adjusting for age and BSA, low SMG (<1,475 units) was significantly associated with hematologic (RR, 2.12; P = 0.02), gastrointestinal grade 3/4 toxicities (RR, 6.49; P = 0.02), and hospitalizations (RR, 1.91; P = 0.05). Conclusions: Poor BCMs are significantly associated with increased treatment-related toxicities. Further studies are needed to investigate how these metrics can be used to more precisely dose chemotherapy to reduce treatment-related toxicity while maintaining efficacy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3537–43. ©2017 AACR.
Dental infections in association with cerebral infarction in young and middle‐aged men

Abstract. The association between dental infections and cerebral infarction was investigated in a case‐control study involving 40 patients with ischaemic cerebral infarction under the age of 50, and 40 randomly selected community controls matched for sex and age. Poor oral health, as assessed by two indices measuring the severity of infections of teeth and periodontium, or by the presence of subgingival calculus or the presence of suppuration in the gingival pockets, were more common in male patients than in male controls, but no difference was observed in females. If severe dental infections were combined with other probable bacterial infections there were altogether 16 patients (40%) but only two controls (5%) who had suffered from a probable bacterial infection within 1 month or at the time of the stroke or when examined as a control (P < 0.01).
Yeti, an essential Drosophila melanogaster gene, encodes a protein required for chromatin organization

ABSTRACT The evolutionarily conserved family of Bucentaur (BCNT) proteins exhibits a widespread distribution in animal and plants, yet its biological role remains largely unknown. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism, we investigated the in vivo role of the Drosophila BCNT member called YETI. We report that loss of YETI causes lethality before pupation and defects in higher-order chromatin organization, as evidenced by severe impairment in the association of histone H2A.V, nucleosomal histones and epigenetic marks with polytene chromosomes. We also find that YETI binds to polytene chromosomes through its conserved BCNT domain and interacts with the histone variant H2A.V, HP1a and Domino-A (DOM-A), the ATPase subunit of the DOM/Tip60 chromatin remodeling complex. Furthermore, we identify YETI as a downstream target of the Drosophila DOM-A. On the basis of these results, we propose that YETI interacts with H2A.V-exchanging machinery, as a chaperone or as a new subunit of the DOM/Tip60 remodeling complex, and acts to regulate the accumulation of H2A.V at chromatin sites. Overall, our findings suggest an unanticipated role of YETI protein in chromatin organization and provide, for the first time, mechanistic clues on how BCNT proteins control development in multicellular organisms.
Association between Air Pollution and Multiple Respiratory Hospitalizations among the Elderly in Vancouver, Canada

Recurrent events, such as repeated hospital admissions for the same health outcome, occur frequently in environmental health studies. In this study, we conducted an analysis of data on repeated respiratory hospitalizations among the elderly in Vancouver, Canada, for the period of June 1, 1995, to March 31, 1999, using a new method proposed by () for recurrent events, and compared it with some traditional methods. In particular, we assessed the impact of ambient gaseous (SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) and particulate pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and PM10–2.5) as well as the coefficient of haze (CoH) on recurrent respiratory hospital admissions. Using the new procedure, significant associations were found between admissions and 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day moving averages of the ambient SO2 concentrations, with the strongest association observed at the 7-day lag (RR = 1.044, 95% CI: 1.018–1.070). We also found PM10–2.5 for 3-day and 5-day lag to be significant, with the strongest association at 5-day lag (RR = 1.020, 95% CI: 1.001–1.039). No significant associations with admission were found with current day exposure.
The Effects of Work Ethics, Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Work Performance of Teachers

Teacher performance has an important role in achieving the goals of the school. To achieve that goal, then the school principal stakeholders in particular and education institution in general, need to know how to manage meaningfully that will help improve school teacher performance. The style of leadership of a supervisor or principal is one of the factors that affect the performance of teachers in school, since school principal is a school manager who led the passage of the activities. Principal is required by all teachers, students, and employees who are residents of the school. But the position as principal is regulated by government so frequently change overtime, as well as the principal at public high school No. 112 Jakarta. There have been eleven principals conducting the high school since its establishment in 1991 until now (2015). Changes in leadership with different styles may lead the teacher performance to become inconsistent, so it needs a proper leadership style pattern. One of leadership style that gets a lot of attention from researchers is transformational leadership. Transformational and transactional leadership theory was first introduced by Burn (1978) and developed by Bass (1999). The full range of leadership, as stated by Bass (1999) measured by the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), implies that every leader displays a frequency of both the transactional and transformational factors, but each leader’s profile involves more of one and less of the other. Those leaders who are more satisfying to their followers and who are more effective as leaders are more transformational and less transactional.
The effect of prediabetes on hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION Some studies suggested an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in subjects with prediabetes, whereas other studies have reported negative results. Therefore, we did this meta-analysis to assess the role of prediabetes on HCC risk. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The strength of association between prediabetes and HCC risk was assessed by calculating hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 8 cohort studies and 1 case-control study with 1384594 individuals were included. Patients with prediabetes showed an increased HCC risk (HR=1.21; 95% CI, 1.13-1.30; P<0.00001). Subgroup analyses were performed according to race and gender. The results showed that both Asians with prediabetes (HR=1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28; P<0.00001) and Caucasians with prediabetes (HR=2.12; 95% CI, 1.36-3.31; P=0.001 were significantly associated with increased risk of HCC, respectively. In the subgroup analysis by gender, both male patients with prediabetes (HR=1.49; 95% CI, 1.03-2.15; P=0.03) and female patients with prediabetes (HR=1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.52; P=0.04) showed increased risk of HCC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated that prediabetes might be a risk factor of HCC.
The anti‐seizure drugs vinpocetine and carbamazepine, but not valproic acid, reduce inflammatory IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression in rat hippocampus

In the present study, the effects of the two classical anti‐epileptic drugs, carbamazepine and valproic acid, and the non‐classical anti‐seizure drug vinpocetine were investigated on the expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the hippocampus of rats by PCR or western blot after the administration of one or seven doses. Next, the effects of the anti‐seizure drugs were investigated on the rise in cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) inoculation in vivo. To validate our methods, the changes induced by the pro‐convulsive agents 4‐aminopyridine, pentylenetetrazole and pilocarpine were also tested. Finally, the effect of the anti‐seizure drugs on seizures and on the concomitant rise in pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression induced by 4‐aminopyridine was explored. Results show that vinpocetine and carbamazepine reduced the expression of IL‐1β and TNF‐α from basal conditions, and the increase in both pro‐inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. In contrast, valproic acid failed to reduce both the expression of the cytokines from basal conditions and the rise in IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression induced by LPS. Tonic‐clonic seizures induced either by 4‐aminopyridine, pentylenetetrazole or pilocarpine increased the expression of IL‐1β and TNF‐α markedly. 4‐aminopyridine‐induced changes were reduced by all the tested anti‐seizure drugs, although valproic acid was less effective. We conclude that the anti‐seizure drugs, vinpocetine and carbamazepine, whose mechanisms of action involve a decrease in ion channels permeability, also reduce cerebral inflammation.
Sources of variation in habitual physical activity of children and adolescents: the European youth heart study

The present study examined the influence of gender, maturity state, seasonality, type of measurement day and socioeconomic status (SES) on habitual physical activity in 8–10‐year‐old children and 14–16‐year‐old adolescents (n=1318). Physical activity was assessed objectively by accelerometry. The results showed a significant effect of the type of measurement day on physical activity with a general pattern of lower activity levels in weekends compared with weekdays. Furthermore, higher physical activity levels were observed during the months of spring/summer compared with the months of autumn/winter for the 8–10‐year‐olds, whereas no significant effect of months was observed for the 14–16‐year‐olds, possibly due to exam preparations and lack of physical activity registration during the months of summer for this cohort. SES was unrelated to physical activity in the 8–10‐year‐olds, whereas an inverse association was observed in the 14–16‐year‐olds. However, a post hoc analysis provided strong evidence that this latter result was biased by the accelerometers inability to pick up bicycling activities. Finally, boys were more physically active compared with girls, and maturity state was unrelated to physical activity. The results could prove useful for working out strategies to prevent inactivity and for adjusting for temporal sources of variation in physical activity in future studies.
From Population Age Structure and Savings Rate to Economic Growth: Evidence from Ecuador

This paper studied the relationship between the dependency ratio (DR), savings rate (SR) and real gross domestic product (GDP) for Ecuador for the period 1975-2015. Starting with the unit root tests given the use of time series and the cointegration results, the dynamic ordinary least squares and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) were used to show the relationship between the variables in the long-run. In the short-run, vector error correction model was applied to estimate the relationship. In several degrees, the long-run relationship between the DR, SR and real GDP was proved; Granger causality tests show a one-way causality running from the SR to GDP per capita. The interaction between the variables in the post-sample period is also forecast using impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis. The overall result implies that changes in population age structure had a significant impact on real GDP per capita in Ecuador. However, this advantage of the age structure may disappear soon due to the projected rapid increase in the DR because of ageing of the population which may lead to a slowdown in the GDP growth.