Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understorey bird species diversity and abundance in three forest types of Semuliki National Park, Uganda

Sande, E. 2000. Understorey bird species diversity and abundance in three forest types of Semuliki National Park, Uganda. Ostrich 71 (1 & 2): 64–68. Semuliki National Park is a rich lowland forest in terms of biodiversity. The bird species list currently stands at 428, of which 31 species occur nowhere else in East Africa. Although the park was severely encroached for agricultural activities, all the encroachers were evicted and many species of birds still survive. A total of 61 species with 1270 individuals were trapped from all the forest types. There was no significant difference in the species diversity between the swamp, mixed and Cynometra forest types. The Little Greenbul, Yellow-whiskered Greenbul, Slender-billed Greenbul, and Olive Sunbird were significantly more abundant in the mixed forest than in the swamp forest while the arboreal insectivore frugivores, terrestrial insectivores and sallying insectivores were significantly more abundant in the Cynometra than in the swamp forest type.
Form and Function in Reptilian Circulations

Synopsis. Consistent with the great variation in their circulatory morphology, there are distinct variations in the cardiovascular physiology of extant reptiles. The chelonian and squamate reptiles have a complexly structured heart that includes three partially separated ventricular cava. In most species (under most conditions), the ventricle acts as a single pressure pump perfusing both the pulmonary and systemic circuits. However, the varanid lizards provide a striking exception. Subtle evolutionary changes in cardiac morphology allow the ventricle of the varanid lizard to divide functionally during systole into a low pressure, pulmonary pump and a high pressure, systemic pump. The crocodilians represent yet another anatomical and physiological pattern. The ventricle is completely divided into left and right chambers as in homeotherms, but the systemic and pulmonary circuits may still communicate through the left aorta that arises from the right ventricle. A fundamental feature of all reptilian circulations is the ability to regulate the distri? bution of cardiac output between systemic and pulmonary circuits via central vascular blood shunts. Regardless of species, mechanisms for regulating intracardiac shunting involve changes in the balance between peripheral resistance of the pulmonary and sys? temic circulations, and adjustments in cardiac performance per se. Several hypotheses are presented that suggest selective advantages for central vascular shunting in intermittent breathing reptiles with variable body temperature and metabolic rate.
Study of an Amylase and Its Regulation in Lipomyces starkeyi

The mechanism of starch degradation by the yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was studied in strain CBS 1807. It was shown that the amylolytic system is associated with cell walls. It is equally well induced by starch or maltose. The enzyme exhibits considerable α amylase type activity and also liberates a small amount of glucose. Enzyme synthesis occurs during the exponential growth phase. The regulation of the synthesis of the enzyme is discussed.
Nitrogen Remobilization during Grain Filling in Wheat: Genotypic and Environmental Effects

In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organs of the crop to the grains has been shown to depend on environmental factors and genotype. We performed, for a set of 10 winter wheat genotypes, field experiments at six sites over a 2-yr period. By measuring nitrogen uptake at flowering (NUF from 32-284 kg ha -1 ), the amount of remobilized nitrogen (REMN from 24-228 kg ha -1 ) and nitrogen remobilization efficiency (NRE from 0.44-0.92) we were able to determine the effect of genotype and environment on the relationship between REMN and NUF. Environment and genotype had significant effects on nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen remobilization efficiency, which mainly depended on treatment (nitrogen and fungicide) and site. For environments without limiting factor during the grain-fluing period, we found that REMN was not dependent on the genotype and could be estimated by a single two-parameter linear relationship (REMN = 4.13 + NUF × 0.76, r 2 = 0.97). We analyzed the effect of drought stress before and after flowering, high temperature during these periods, nitrogen availability and disease pressure on REMN by comparing observed and estimated REMN. The effect of the environment on the relationship between nitrogen uptake at flowering and nitrogen remobilization depended on nitrogen uptake during grain-filling period and disease pressure and was also affected by genotype. Disease-resistant genotypes seemed to be able to keep remobilization efficiency stable in conditions of strong disease pressure, whereas nitrogen remobilization efficiency decreased strongly in susceptible genotypes under the same conditions.
Immunocytochemical localization of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in Fusarium culmorum -infected wheat spikes☆

Abstract Two antisera raised against acidic β-1,3-glucanase and acidic chitinase from tobacco were used to investigate the subcellular localization of the two enzymes in Fusarium culmorum -infected wheat spike by means of the immunogold labelling technique. The studies demonstrated that the distribution of β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase were very similar in the uninoculated healthy and infected wheat spikes. The enzymes were localized mainly in the cell walls of different tissues including the lemma, ovary and rachis of the wheat spike, while the cytoplasm and organelles of cells in these tissues showed almost no labelling. However, the accumulation of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in the infected wheat spikes differed distinctly between resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. The labelling densities for the two enzymes in the infected lemma, ovary and rachis of the susceptible cultivar Agent increased only slightly as compared to the corresponding uninoculated healthy tissues, whereas higher labelling densities of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were found in the infected tissues of wheat spikes from the resistant cultivar Arina compared to the corresponding uninoculated healthy tissues. Furthermore, the labelling of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase also occurred over the cell walls of the hyphae in the infected wheat spike, but not over the hyphal cytoplasm. In addition, labelling for the two enzymes was often detected over the cell wall appositions and the electron-dense material located between the host cell and the hyphal cell in the infected tissues of the resistant wheat cultivar. The findings reported in the present study indicate that β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase accumulation in the F. culmorum -infected wheat spike may be involved in resistance to pathogen spread in the host tissue.
Dividend Announcements and Contagion Effects: An Investigation on the Firms Listed with Dhaka Stock Exchange

Changes in dividend convey information about the earnings of the announcing firm which in turn affect the price. Security price depends on current earnings, past earnings, and future prospect of earnings. Dividend relevant theory postulates that dividend policy, dividend initiation and changes in dividend carry information about the market value of the announcing firms. Accordingly, an unexpected increase in dividends conveys positive information about the future profitability of the firm and vice versa. Firm’s management is better informed than the market about the future prospects of their firm and therefore, their action relating to any financing decision conveys information to the investors. The principal purpose of this study was to examine the intra-industry information effects of announcements of dividend initiations of the firms associated with Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). To test this hypothesis, we used Herfindahl Index and Tobin’s q ratio. The study found that the intra-industry effects of dividend revisions are apparent.
Design of membrane-inserting peptides: spectroscopic characterization with and without lipid bilayers.

This paper reports the spectroscopic characterization of two de novo peptides. The first sequence, Ala peptide = H2N-Ala27-Tyr-Lys6-CONH2, gives circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra characteristic of β structure in solution, binds to lipid bilayer vesicles poorly, and tends to precipitate in buffered 0.1 M salt solutions. In the second sequence, Leu peptide = H2N-Ala2-Leu3-Ala22-Tyr-Lys6-CONH2, three leucines are substituted for three alanine residues. This small sequence change results in CD spectra that are characteristic of helical structures, while the FTIR spectra give evidence for complex equilibria between multiple structures in solution. The Leu peptide does not precipitate in buffered salt solutions and binds to lipid bilayers. The polarized attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra provide evidence of a transmembrane orientation for the helical peptide in lipid bilayers. The collective spectroscopic results are summarized in a tentative model in which the Leu.
Sero-Epidemiological Survey of Equine Rotavirus Infections in 1-year-old Thoroughbred Horses in the Hidaka Region of Hokkaido

A sero-epidemiological survey was conducted using a serum neutralization test in order to better understand the level of circulation of three equine rotavirus strains, HO-5 strain (G3, P[12]), FI23 strain (G14, P[12]), and L338 strain (G13, P[18]), among horses in the Hidaka region of Hokkaido, Japan. Sera used for the survey were collected from 50 1-year-old horses at 10 thoroughbred stud farms in the Hidaka region in February and March of 1999. Two horses were excluded from the study because they did not possess antibodies against any of the 3 strains. Of the remaining 48 horses, 35 (73%) showed highest antibody titers against HO-5 strain while 8 horses (17%) demonstrated highest titers against FI23 strain. The remaining 5 horses (11%) possessed similar antibody titers against HO-5 strain and FI23 strain. Predominant antibody titers against L338 strain were not observed in any of the horses. These results suggest that G3, P[12] type was the predominant rotavirus among horses in the Hidaka region of Hokkaido although G14, P[12] type also circulated. There was no evidence that horses in the Hidaka region were infected with the L338 strain.
Synopsis of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) Robertson, 1902 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) in Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan

Twelve species in total are recognized for the subgenus Lasioglossum (Dialictus) Robertson, 1902 from Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) alishanense sp. nov. and L. (D.) taiwanense sp. nov. from Taiwan, are described as new. Four species are recorded from the following localities for the first time: L. (D.) miyabei Murao, Ebmer & Tadauchi, 2006 from the Korean Peninsula (South Korea); L. (D.) ellipticeps (Bluthgen, 1923), L. (D.) virideglaucum Ebmer & Sakagami, 1994 and L. (D.) viridellum (Cockerell, 1931) from South Korea. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) atroglaucum (Strand, 1913) is redescribed, L. (D.) ellipticeps , L. (D.) problematicum (Bluthgen, 1923), L. (D.) virideglaucum , and L. (D.) viridellum are supplementary described. A key to species is provided. Bionomical data, such as flight and flower records or habitat, are reported for some species. The distributions of all species are mapped. DNA barcodes of L. (D.) miyabei , L. (D.) pseudannulipes (Bluthgen, 1925), and L. (D.) virideglaucum are provided
Orchard Assessment of the Sterile Male Technique for Control of the Codling Moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

Abstract Sterile male codling moths, exposed as pupae to 40 krad of gamma radiation and released in an abandoned 20-tree apple orchard for 3 years, reduced the percentage of fruits injured by mature or almost mature second-brood larvae from 4.94 to 0.05. Numbers of sterile males released, ratios of sterile to fertile males during peak emergence of first-brood moths, and numbers of overwintering larvae were: 1961 (3 DDT sprays applied) — 0, 0:1, 400; 1962 — 21,300, 8:1, 957; 1963 — 67,500, 21:1, 43; 1964 — 89,200, 715:1, 6.
Contributions de la recherche à l'intensification écologique pour une production végétale durable

L’évolution des conditions économiques et climatiques ainsi que les exigences de la population représentent un défi de taille pour la production végétale suisse. Ce défi est-il aussi une chance? Par le passé, Agroscope, centre de compétences de la Confédération pour la recherche et le développement agricole, a déjà joué un rôle de pionnier dans la conception de solutions pour une agriculture et une filière alimentaire compétitives et respectueuses de l’environnement. Des variétés de plantes cultivées et des méthodes culturales ont été développées et proposées, qui permettaient de rentabiliser la production végétale tout en préservant l’environnement. Ces travaux ont largement contribué au développement de la production intégrée et à l’amélioration des méthodes de culture biologique (cf. p. ex. Baur et Gut 2000; Nemecek et al. 2011; Steiner 1977; Steffek et al. 2003; Viret 2014). Les innovations d’Agroscope permettent de poursuivre le développement des variétés de plantes cultivées et d’améliorer les méthodes et les systèmes de culture de façon à les adapter aux nouveaux enjeux. Lukas Bertschinger1, Robert Baur1, Christoph Carlen2, Jürg Frey1, Bernard Jeangros3, Willy Kessler4, Olivier Viret3 et Jean-Philippe Mayor3 1Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, 8820 Wädenswil, Suisse 2Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, 1964 Conthey, Suisse 3Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, 1260 Nyon, Suisse 4Agroscope, Institut des sciences en durabilité agronomique IDU, 8046 Zurich Reckenholz, Suisse Renseignements: Lukas Bertschinger, e-mail: lukas.bertschinger@agroscope.admin.ch Contributions de la recherche à l’intensification écologique pour une production végétale durable
Digestibilidade ileal de aminoácidos de alimentos utilizados em dietas pré-iniciais para leitões, determinada pelo método do sacrifício

This study was carried out to determine ileal digestibilities in feedstuffs used in diets for piglets by the slaughter technique. The apparent and true digestibilities for skimmed milk powder, milk whey, extruded soybean, micronized soybean and swine plasma were determined. Ninety six crossbred piglets with forty days of age were allotted to a completely randomized design, with eight replications and two piglets for experimental unit. The animals were fed 5 diets (7% CP for WP and 13% for other diets), each containing one protein source. A protein free diet was used to calculate the endogenous nitrogen losses. The animals were slaughtered seven hours after feed intake. The highest coefficients of true digestibility of essential aminoacids were determined for milk whey, skimmed milk powder and extruded soybean and the lowest true digestibilities values were obtained for micronized soybean. Threonine was the essential aminoacid of lowest true digestibility among the evaluated feedstuffs. Methionine was the aminoacid of highest true digestibility in milk powder, extruded soybean, micronized soybean and swine plasma, while lysine showed the highest coefficient of true digestibility in skimmed milk powder. The lowest digestibility of lysine was obtained for micronized soybean.
The uptake and release of suspended and dissolved material by oysters and mussels in Marennes-Oléron Bay

L'absorption et le rejet de materiel particulaire par les huitres (Crassostrea gigas) et les moules (Mytilus edulis) dans la baie de Marennes-Oleron ont ete mesures in situ en utilisant des tunnels benthiques (BEST). Il y a une grande variation entre les concentrations de seston allant d'une erosion importante a une sedimentation intense. La matiere organique diluee par la remise en suspension du sediment a un faible rapport C/N, c'est-a-dire une bonne qualite permettant la remise en suspension du microphytobenthos. Dans de nombreux cas, une baisse significative des concentrations en chlorophylle est observee dans les tunnels avec les huitres et les moules. Les taux moyens de filtration par cycle de maree s'etendent de 4 a 7, et de 0,9 a 2,7 l.g -1 . h -1 de matiere seche quelle que soit la saison pour les huitres et les moules respectivement. Le calcul de la pression de filtration (la fraction de la production primaire filtree par jour), indique que les bivalves de la baie sont capables de filtrer plus que la filtration primaire pelagique journaliere. Il semble evident que les stocks de bivalves dependent non seulement du phytoplancton mais aussi du microphytobenthos. Des regenerations significatives d'azote peuvent etre mises en evidence provenant du sediment des zones de culture de moules a des taux plus importants que l'excretion directe d'ammonium. Il n'y a pas de rejet significatif de nutriments observe a partir d'huitres ou de moules, lorsqu'elles sont placees sur des tables comme cela est pratique par les ostreiculteurs. Il semble que les biodepots sont chasses des tunnels dans ce cas, et que la mineralisation s'effectue ailleurs. En conclusion, la capacite de stockage de la baie pour des herbivores est exploitee par les coquillages de facon considerable et la mineralisation des biodepots des bivalves presentent un large potentiel pour la regeneration de l'azote.
The Investigation of Ampicillin Effect to Fatty Acids, Cholesterol and Some Vitamins Value in Heart and Liver Tissues

Ampicillin which is used as common in many antibiotic was investigated effect to fatty acids, cholesterol and some vitamins value in heart and liver of male rats. In this study, groups was divided to control group (C group, n=6, physiological solution) and ampicillin group (A group, n=6, ampicillin, 25 mg/kg - daily). Applications were performed for one month. After, intramuscular anesthetic application was performed. Rats were died via taking blood from heart. Then, the heart and liver tissues were extracted from died rats. Varieties and values of fatty acids were analyzed in gas chromatography (GC). On the other hand, cholesterol and vitamins values were analyzed in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result, myristic acid (14:0) value of liver tissue in A group was determined statistically significant decreasing according to C group (p<0.05). Cholesterol, vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) and β-sitosterol values of liver in A group were determined statistically significant increasing according to C group (p<0.05). However, vitamin K 2 (menaquinone) value of liver in A group was determined statistically significant decreasing according to C group (p<0.05). Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) value of heart tissue in A group was determined statistically significant decreasing according to C group (p<0.05). But, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) value of heart in A group was determined statistically significant increasing according to C group (p<0.05). Myristic acid and cholesterol values of heart in A group was determined statistically significant decreasing according to C group (p<0.05). The ampicillin applied without any infection was affected MUFA, PUFA, cholesterol and lipophilic vitamin values in heart and liver tissues of rats. Keywords: Ampicillin, Fatty acid, Cholesterol, Vitamin, Heart, Liver, Rat.
Branching pattern and growth in Cystophora (Fucales, Phaeophyta)

Abstract Apical cells are lenticular in longitudinal section and triangular in transverse section, are larger than those surrounding them and have less dense contents compared with the surrounding cells. The apical cell usually divides longitudinally repeatedly and new cells resulting from these divisions continue to divide longitudinally and transversely. They differentiate into meristoderm, cortex and medulla. The divisions of the apical cell occur mainly from one side of the cell for a period of time, then for a short period of time even divisions occur. After this, divisions occur from the opposite side to the first set. This sequence of asymmetric, symmetric and again asymmetric divisions of the apical cell and subsequent growth gives rise to the characteristic flexuous growth pattern which, although appearing to be sympodial, is monopodial. The species investigated in this study were Cystophora moniliformis, C. platylobium, C. retorta, C. siliquosa, C. subfarcinata, C. torulosa and C. polycystidea.
Phlebia radiata laccase forms induced by veratric acid and xylidine in relation to lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase

White-rot basidiomycete Phlebia radiata grown in the nitrogen-poor liquid medium was tested for the inducing effect of 2,5-xylidine and veratric acid on laccase production and properties of its preparations. Also lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase were assayed under the same conditions. The maximum of laccase activity for veratric acid as a stimulator was done much earlier than that of xylidine. It was very sharp and disappeared quickly. At that time only weak lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase activities were noticed. The maximum of laccase induced by xylidine was observed much later and kept longer. Both laccase preparations showed the same properties. For biotechnological reasons, the production of laccase induced by the nontoxic veratric acid is much more economic and better acceptable than that induced by xylidine.
Induction and Stabilization of IκBα by Nitric Oxide Mediates Inhibition of NF-κB (*)

To determine the mechanism(s) by which the endogenous mediator nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-κB, we stimulated human vascular endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor-α in the presence of two NO donors, sodium nitroprusside and S-nitrosoglutathione. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that both NO donors inhibited NF-κB activation by tumor necrosis factor-α. This effect was not mediated by guanylyl cyclase activation since the cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP had no similar effect. Inhibition of endogenous constitutive NO production by L-N-monomethylarginine, however, activated NF-κB, suggesting tonic inhibition of NF-κB under basal conditions. NO had little or no effects on other nuclear binding proteins such as AP-1 and GATA. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that NO stabilized the NF-κB inhibitor, IκBα, by preventing its degradation from NF-κB. NO also increased the mRNA expression of IκBα, but not NF-κB subunits, p65 or p50, and transfection experiments with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene linked to the IκBα promoter suggested transcriptional induction of IκBα by NO. We propose that the induction and stabilization of IκBα by NO are important mechanisms by which NO inhibits NF-κB and attenuate atherogenesis.