Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial factor from grapes.

Food-borne pathogens and in particular the emergence of new food-borne bacterial pathogens, which includes Listeria monocytogenes, are a significant threat to public health. This thesis investigated a commercial red grape juice, derived from Vitis vinifera variety Ribier grapes, with a strong inhibitory action against Listeria monocytogenes. The commercial grape juice caused a 6log reduction in Listeria monocytogenes numbers within 10 minutes exposure to the grape juice. The inhibitory effect was specific to all Listeria species. The grape juice was bactericidal and inhibitory at pH ≤ 5.0. The addition of protein (BSA), PVPP, and metal ions (Fe and Mg) suppressed the antilisterial activity of the grape juice. The antilisterial factor in the commercial grape juice was identified as pigmented condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin oligomers). The antilisterial pigmented condensed tannin in the commercial grape juice was likely derived from the skin of Ribier grapes. Fractionation of the commercial grape juice pigmented condensed tannin by molecular weight revealed that the antilisterial activity was distributed over a range (mean degree of polymerisation 2.8 through 8.5) of tannin fractions. Condensed tannin fraction (G) had a mean degree of polymerisation of 5.9 and was found to have the strongest antilisterial activity. The molecular weight of oligomers identified in fraction G ranged from MW 867 to MW 2905. Fraction G contained the highest percentage of polymeric colour with 90% the pigmented moieties (anthocyanins) in the fraction incorporated into the polymer structure. Fraction G was comprised of the flavonoid subunits catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin-3-O-gallate. Ribier grape seed condensed tannin had strong antilisterial activity. The antilisterial condensed tannin derived from Ribier grape seed was comprised of the flavonoid subunits catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin-3-O-gallate and increasing antilisterial activity was associated with increasing mean degree of polymerisation of the tannin polymers. The efficacy of the pigmented condensed fraction of the commercial grape juice and Ribier grape seed condensed tannin as natural food preservatives were assessed. In the presence of Listeria monocytogenes contaminated cabbage the inhibitory activity of the pigmented condensed tannin from commercial grape juice was suppressed. The antilisterial activity of the Ribier grape seed condensed tannin was reduced but not eliminated when Listeria monocytogenes was associated with cabbage. The grape seed tannin may be effective at eliminating Listeria monocytogenes from food.
Biomechanics of human movement with applications to the study of human locomotion.

: A review of the biomechanics of human movement is presented and covers the neural control of voluntary movement, as it manifests itself in the electromyogram, through to detailed kinetic analyses and simulation studies. The body of knowledge of muscle performance is covered in detail, from the individual motor unit characteristics, through recruitment patterns to the static and dynamic characteristics of the total muscle and its relationship to the electromyogram. A summary of research into the movement of the skeletal (segmental) system itself covers the kinematic data collection systems, the link-segment modeling with anthropometric measures, and the inverse dynamics solution of the joint kinetics. A critique of current simulation models reveals a diversity of simplifications and assumptions that seriously affect the interpretation of results. Similarly, a critical assessment of the literature pertaining to mechanical energy, work, power and efficiency exposes many varied and anomalous techniques and correspondingly confusing interpretations. At all phases of the review the author attempts to reconcile differences, criticize obvious errors, and identify important contributions.
Non‐lateralizing brain PET changes in migraine: phenomenology versus pharmacology?

Matharu et al. (2004) believe that the dorsal rostral pons is probably involved in the pathophysiology of chronic migraine. The clinical distinction from episodic migraine is rather semantic and one that is based simplistically on the frequency of headache attacks rather than any fundamental variation of phenomenology. To maintain perspective, it is important to underscore that the International Headache Society classification as well its revisions (Silberstein et al., 1996) are based purely on phenomenology. Similar PET findings in chronic migraine and episodic migraine are, therefore, expected and not surprising. A series of assumptions sustained by neglect of key pharmacological absolutes underlie current understanding …
TYPE 1 DIABETES AND OTHER AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS IN DOWN'S SYNDROME

There are a number of conditions with an autoimmune basis that present in people with Down's syndrome (DS). Thyroid disease is commonly screened for, but it is less well known that type 1 diabetes is more prevalent in people with DS. This is also true of some of the skin manifestations of autoimmunity, such as vitiligo, where lymphocytes attack the melanocytes in the skin resulting in pale patches, and alopecia areata (hair loss). There is some evidence that chronic active hepatitis is more common in people with DS, but more information is needed in this area. Although coeliac disease is a gastrointestinal intolerance to gluten, it is seen a lot in diabetes and thyroid disease and is associated with autoimmunity, and is therefore included here as an autoimmune manifestation of DS.
Tratamento cirúrgico da coarctação da aorta: experiência de três décadas

Objective: To make a 30-year review of the immediate results of coarctation of the aorta (CoAo) operation, between 1974 and 2004. All the patients under went CoAo whether in isolation or associated with other congenital defects. Methods: The following data was investigated: age at the time of surger y , gender , associated lesions, and type of surgical technique, and immediate surgical outcome, particularly focusing the presence of systemic arterial hypertension. Results: One hundred and four patients underwent CoAo. Of the 104 enrolled patients, 75 (72%) were pediatric patients and 29 (28%) adults patients. In the pediatric group, 23 (22%) were considered neonates, 17 (16%) infants, and 35 (34%) children. The associated defects were present in 66 (63.5%) patients, 54 (51.9%) in the pediatric group and 12 (1 1.3%) in the adult gr oup. Seven (6.7%) deaths wer e observed in the immediate postoperative period. Among the various surgical techniques employed, aortoplasty was used in 80 patients (76.9%); end-to-end anastomosis in 15 (14.4%); T eles technique in seven (6.7%), W aldhausen technique in one (1%), and it was not possible to identify the technique in one patient (1%). Conclusions: Despite the limitations of the pr esent study , it may be noted that the results were good with the corrective surgery being performed safely and with a low mortality rate. Medium- and long-term follow-up was impaired by the well-known structural deficiencies in Brazil.
Severe sepsis/septic shock: Do we do what we are supposed to do? Monitoring the adherence of one centre to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Abstract in English

AIMS: To monitor adherence to the recommendations of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign during the first six hours of intervention for severe sepsis/septic shock in an academic tertiary care center. METHODS: Cases of patients who were admitted into the Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital Complex A Coruna, Galicia, Spain, during the months of May-June 2009, with criteria for severe sepsis/septic shock, were analyzed using an observational prospective study. We studied five indicators that comprise the set of intervention measures within the first six hours of diagnosis of severe shock/septic shock: delay on the onset of resuscitation, determination of blood lactate, obtaining appropriate cultures before starting antibiotics, delay on the onset of appropriate antibiotics, and initial resuscitation. RESULTS: In the 13 patients studied, hospital mortality was 30.8% (95% CI: 9.09-61.42). The average APACHE II was 25.46±9.38. The delay in initiation of antibiotic treatment was 1.23±1.76 hours. The average delay in initiation of resuscitation from presentation of symptoms was 3.83±8.85 hours. In 84.62% (95% IC: 54.55-98.08) of the patients, central oxygen saturation was higher than 70% within the first six hours of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the set of measures of resuscitation from severe sepsis/septic shock was high.
Tailored Screening for Late-Life Depression: A Short Version of the Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E)

A number of assessment instruments have been developed as efficacy measures of geriatric depression in clinical trials but most showed several weaknesses, such as time-consuming administration, development and validation in younger populations, and lack of discrimination between anxiety and depression. Among the extant self-report measures of depression, the 21-item Teate Depression Inventory (TDI; Balsamo and Saggino, 2013), developed via Rasch analysis, showed a satisfactory level of diagnostic accuracy, and allowed the reduction of false positives in test scoring in adult population. The present study explored the potential improvement in the psychometric performance of the TDI in the elderly by item refinement through Rasch analysis in a sample of 836 elderly people (49.5% males; mean age = 73.28; SD = 6.56). A resulting shorter version was composed of the best-fitting and discriminative nine items from the full form. The Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E) (E for elderly) presented good internal construct validity, with unidimensional structure, local dependency, good reliability (person separation index and Cronbach’s alpha), and no signs of differential item functioning or measurement bias due to gender and age (65 vs. 75+ years). Cut-off points and normative data provided could enhance the clinical usefulness of the TDI-E, which seems to be a promising valid and reliable tool for the screening of geriatric depression, with less risk of finding false positives due to overlapping of depression in elderly with other comorbid conditions.
Perioperative myocardial infarction in a case of mitral valve replacement: Rare complication of a common procedure

A 56-year-old female underwent mitral valve replacement for severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis. There was perioperative myocardial infarction as evidenced by the regional echocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic changes (left anterior descending [LAD] territory) and hemodynamic instability. The patient was immediately taken up for coronary angiogram to find complete occlusion of mid-segment of the LAD artery. Thrombus aspiration and intracoronary nitrates were given to restore thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) III flow in the vessel. The patient was discharged after 10 days without any other complications. On follow-up ECG, the regional wall motion abnormality persisted. Repeat coronary angiogram done for the same revealed no lesions in coronary vessels with TIMI III flow.
The Landscape Genetic Signature of Pollination by Trapliners: Evidence From the Tropical Herb, Heliconia tortuosa

Animal-mediated pollination is essential for the maintenance of plant reproduction, especially in tropical ecosystems, where pollination networks have been thought to have highly generalized structures. However, accumulating evidence suggests that not all floral visitors provide equally effective pollination services, potentially reducing the number of realized pollinators and increasing the cryptic specialization of pollination networks. Thus, there is a need to understand how different functional groups of pollinators influence pollination success. Here, we examined whether patterns of contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow in Heliconia tortuosa are consistent with the foraging strategy of its territorial or traplining hummingbird pollinators. Territorial hummingbirds defend clumps of flowers and are expected to transfer pollen locally. In contrast, traplining hummingbirds forage across longer distances, thereby increasing pollen flow among forest fragments, and are thought to repeatedly visit particular plants. If trapliners indeed visit the same plants repeatedly along their regular routes, this could lead to a situation where neighboring plants sample genetically distinct pollen pools. To test this hypothesis, we genotyped 720 seeds and 71 mother plants from 18 forest fragments at 11 microsatellite loci. We performed TwoGener analysis to test pollen pool differentiation within sites (among neighboring plants within the same forest fragment: Φ SC) and between sites (among forest fragments: Φ CT). We found strong, statistically significant pollen pool differentiation among neighboring mother plants (Φ SC = 0.0506), and weaker, statistically significant differentiation among sites (Φ CT = 0.0285). We interpret this pattern of hierarchical pollen pool differentiation as the landscape genetic signature of the foraging strategy of traplining hummingbirds, where repeatable, long-distance, and high-fidelity routes transfer pollen among particular plants. Although H. tortuosa is also visited by territorial hummingbirds, our results suggest that these pollinators do not contribute substantially to successful pollination, highlighting differences in realized pollination efficiency. This cryptic reduction in the number of realized pollinators potentially increases the vulnerability of pollination success to the decline of populations of traplining hummingbirds, which have been shown to be sensitive to forest fragmentation. We conclude that maintaining habitat connectivity to sustain the foraging routes of trapliners may be essential for the maintenance of pollen-mediated gene flow in human-modified landscapes.
miRNA-Dependent Control of Homeostatic Plasticity in Neurons

Homeostatic plasticity is a form of plasticity in which neurons compensate for changes in neuronal activity through the control of key physiological parameters such as the number and the strength of their synaptic inputs and intrinsic excitability. Recent studies revealed that miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs repressing mRNA translation, participate in this process by controlling the translation of multiple effectors such as glutamate transporters, receptors, signaling molecules and voltage-gated ion channels. In this review, we present and discuss the role of miRNAs in both cell-wide and compartmentalized forms of homeostatic plasticity as well as their implication in pathological processes associated with homeostatic failure.
FOLFOX4 as adjuvant therapy in elderly patients (pts) with colon cancer (CC): Subgroup analysis of the MOSAIC trial.

3522 Background: In elderly CC pts, adjuvant 5FU-based chemotherapy increases overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (Sargent, NEJM 2001). FOLFOX4 improved DFS and OS in stage III (Andre, JCO 2009). In a pooled analysis of NSABP-C07 and MOSAIC trials, oxaliplatin/5FU-based chemotherapy was not superior to 5FU/LV in pts ≥ 70 years (Jackson Mc Cleary, ASCO 2009). Methods: We performed a subgroup analysis of pts aged ≥ 70 yrs in the MOSAIC trial, reviewing clinical characteristics, comorbidities according to Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27, SAEs, 2nd cancer and cause of death. Results: 315 pts ≥ 70 yrs were randomized between FOLFOX4 (155 pts) and LV5FU2 (160 pts). Median follow-up was 6 yrs. DFS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 1.34 and OS HR was 1.10; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.65. No imbalance was observed for initial characteristics. In the FOLFOX4 arm and the LV5FU2 arm, 59 and 66 pts were stage II, 38 and 42 high risk stage II (pT4 and/or < 12 lymph nodes), 96 and 9.
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: its prevalence across various stages and its correlation with the severity of the disease and quality of life

BACKGROUND: Non-motor symptoms (NMSs) were a real burden in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and contributed to severe disability, impaired quality of life (QoL), and shortened life expectancy. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NMSs in PD and their correlation of NMS with disease duration, severity, and Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score and their impact on patient’s QoL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Sixty-four patients who were diagnosed by United Kingdom Parkinson′s Disease Brain Bank criteria were studied. Non-motor symptom scale (NMSS) analyzed NMS, and motor dysfunction was assessed by the UPDRS II and III during OFF condition and QoL by Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of NMS was 93.75% (n = 60). Most frequent NMS was difficulty in falling asleep (54.7%), urinary urgency (39%), and memory impairment (37.5%). Most disabling symptoms are difficulty in falling asleep (3.34 ± 4.1) and fatigue (2.48 ± 4.2). The total NMSS scores were correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stage, and Movement Disorder Society UPDRS and PDQ-39 scores, but not with duration of disease. Correlation between NMSS and PDQ-39 scores was stronger as compared to the relationship between UPDRS and PDQ-39 scores (r = 0.71 and 0.58, respectively, P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: This study showed the high prevalence of NMSs and value of NMS as predictors of QoL in patients with PD. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of these NMSs should be placed at the forefront to develop new therapeutic approaches by improving the QoL of patients with PD.
VETERANS IN TRANSITION: THE IMPLICATIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION

College choice is a socially constructed process that shapes individual educational and occupational mobility, resulting in a reproduction of the existing societal class structure. The complexity of the college choice process is especially apparent among the veteran population where most perspective college students belong to lower socioeconomic status, participate in military and working class socialization, and are impacted by organizational habitus. A considerable number of veterans transition from the military each year and are eligible for significant educational benefits, yet an examination of their college choice is absent from the current literature on institutional choice Sixteen enlisted veterans enrolled at Montana State University and four educational counselors, one educational official, and one Veteran Administration official were interviewed regarding the college choice process of veterans. The vast majority of veterans interviewed in this study stated they were encouraged to enroll in a community college rather than a four-year institution. The research data also indicates that veterans are heavily socialized by military supervisors and education officials who encourage the development of practical skills, focus on the collection of miscellaneous credit hours rather than actual degree attainment, and encourage community college attendance. Based on the research data, the following recommendations are made: 1) Educate veterans and educational officials about the structure of the higher education system including types of degrees, how to utilize educational benefits, and outcome differences between community colleges and four-year institutions. 2) Provide enhanced academic and support services to veterans. Support and academic services need to realize the special needs that veterans have when attending an institution of higher education. The creation and designation of a single advisor for all freshman veterans would ensure consistent and expert advisement services that address problems known to affect student decisions about retention.
Role of Emotional Appraisal in Episodic Memory in a Sample of Argentinean Preschoolers

Emotional processing and episodic memory are closely related throughout childhood development. With respect to emotional episodic memory, available evidence shows that the consolidation of information is accompanied by an arousal that generates longer duration and persistence of the memory representations. In the case of early stages of development (i.e., first 5 years), it is less clear how these associations emerge and are modulated by individual and environmental factors. In this study, 116 4- to 5-years old Argentinean children from different socio-environmental contexts (i.e., favorable or unfavorable living conditions at home), performed a task of visual emotional memory in which they observed a set of 15 images with variable emotional valences (negative, neutral, and positive). The child’s task was to appraise each image using one of the following three possible valences: (a) drawings of faces with smiles (positive valence), (b) drawings of faces with tears and round mouth with edges down (negative valence), or (c) drawings of faces with horizontal mouth (neutral valence). Five years-old children exhibited greater accuracy appraisal. Individual differences in emotional accuracy appraisal allowed us to observe different performances in free recall of negative visual images. Accuracy appraisal did not vary between children with respect to gender, living conditions at home, or language ability. Seven to ten days after the emotional appraisal children were asked to tell the experimenter all the images they remembered (variables of interest: free recall of negative, positive, or neutral images). Results showed individual (age) differences. Specifically, 5-years-old children evoked more images than 4-years-old children. These findings contribute to the understanding of emotional memory in early developmental stages and raise the need to include emotional appraisal in the assessment of episodic memory.