Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissection of a viral autoprotease elucidates a function of a cellular chaperone in proteolysis

Replication of positive-strand RNA viruses involves translation of polyproteins which are proteolytically processed into functional peptides. These maturation steps often involve virus-encoded autoproteases specialized in generating their own N or C termini. Nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus represents such an enzyme. Bovine viral diarrhea virus NS2 creates in cis its own C terminus and thereby releases an essential viral replication factor. As a unique feature, this enzyme requires for proteolytic activity stoichiometric amounts of a cellular chaperone termed Jiv (J-domain protein interacting with viral protein) or its fragment Jiv90. To obtain insight into the structural organization of the NS2 autoprotease, the basis for its restriction to cis cleavage, as well as its activation by Jiv, we dissected NS2 into functional domains. Interestingly, an N-terminal NS2 fragment covering the active center of the protease, cleaved in trans an artificial substrate composed of a C-terminal NS2 fragment and two downstream amino acids. In the authentic NS2, the 4 C-terminal amino acids interfered with binding and cleavage of substrates offered in trans. These findings strongly suggest an intramolecular product inhibition for the NS2 autoprotease. Remarkably, the chaperone fragment Jiv90 independently interacted with protease and substrate domain and turned out to be essential for the formation of a protease/substrate complex that is required for cleavage. Thus, the function of the cell-derived protease cofactor Jiv in proteolysis is regulation of protease/substrate interaction, which ultimately results in positioning of active site and substrate peptide into a cleavage-competent conformation.
Analysis of ultralow-power asynchronous ADCs

In this paper, analysis of a novel class of A/D converters based on asynchronous delta modulation (DM) is presented and a high level model is realized for the same. Using the high level model, analytical expressions are derived for the calculation of the inband signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) for the case of sinusoidal inputs and two-tone inputs. For the special case of sinusoidal inputs, an empirical formula is also derived for calculating the inband SQNR. The derived analytical and empirical expressions are verified using high level simulations and the simulation results are presented finally.
Types et domaines de prescriptions parentales : différences de sexe et effet sur la prise de risque chez l'enfant préscolaire

Les garcons et les filles se differencient tres tot en termes de comportements a risque accidentel (Granie, 2007, 2010), ce qui peut en partie etre explique par une difference de sexe en termes de conformite et d'internalisation des regles de prudence (Granie, 2007, 2009), relie au niveau de feminite (Granie, 2009). L'internalisation des regles sociales depend en partie du type de prescription parentale (Hoffman, 1970), notamment en termes d'interdits et d'obligations (Beauvois, Dubois, Py & Somat, 1995). Les premieres prescriptions parentales prennent la forme d'interdits (Gralinski & Kopp, 1993), relevant des domaines prudentiel et moral (preservation du bien-etre physique et psychologique de soi et d'autrui) (Smetana, 1997). Ces interdits, plus nombreux a l'egard des filles (Beauvois, Dubois, Py & Somat, 2000), s'accompagnent de pratiques plus inductives, qui favorise la conformite de l'enfant (Beauvois, Dubois, Py & Somat, 1995 ; Hoffman, 1970). Cette etude a pour objectifs d'analyser l'influence du sexe et du niveau de feminite de l'enfant sur les domaines et les types de prescriptions parentales, sur le niveau de conformite de l'enfant et l'effet de ces differentes variables sur ses comportements a risque accidentel. Soixante-huit parents (30 hommes et 38 femmes) d'enfants de 3 a 6 ans (35 garcons et 33 filles) ont participe a l'etude. Chaque parent a renseigne : - l'IRQEP (Gralinski & Kopp, 1993) permettant de mesurer l'importance declaree de 55 prescriptions (30 interdits et 25 obligations) relevant de 4 domaines sociaux : moral (10 items), prudentiel (22), conventionnel (17), personnel (4) et le niveau de conformite de l'enfant sur ces prescriptions - l'IBC (Speltz, Gonzales, Sulzbacher, & Quan, 1990), contenant 24 items mesurant la frequence de comportements potentiellement accidentogenes - le PSAI destine a mesurer l'adhesion aux stereotypes de sexe chez l'enfant prescolaire (Golombok et Rust, 1993a, 1993b) - l'echelle ASS (Granie, 2008) afin de controler l'adhesion aux stereotypes de sexe des parents. Les resultats permettent de verifier les hypotheses de l'etude. Des la petite enfance, les filles sont plus contraintes dans leur comportement que les garcons et sont plus conformes aux prescriptions parentales. L'adhesion aux stereotypes feminins amene une plus grande conformite, notamment dans les domaines prudentiels et moraux, ces deux elements engendrant une moindre prise de risque chez l'enfant.
RPS19 and JAK2 genes are not silenced by DNA methylation in diamond blackfan anemia.

REFERENCES 1. Henter JI, Elinder G, Ost A. Diagnostic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The FHL Study Group of the Histiocyte Society. Semin Oncol. 1991; 18:29–33. 2. Arico M, Janka G, Fischer A, et al. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Report of 122 children from the International Registry. FHL Study Group of the Histiocyte Society. Leukemia. 1996;10:197–203. 3. Janka G, Zur SU. Familial and acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program). 2005:82–88. 4. Janka GE, Schneider EM. Modern management of children with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2004; 124:4–14. 5. Astigarraga I, Navajas A, FernándezTeijeiro A, et al. Difficulties in the diagnosis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. An Esp Pediatr. 2002;56:168–170. 6. Imashuku S. Clinical features and treatment strategies of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2002;44:259–272. 7. Ohga S, Nomura A, Takada H, et al. Immunological aspects of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2002;44:203–215. 8. Imashuku S, Hibi S, Tabata Y, et al. Outcome of clonal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: analysis of 32 cases. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;37:577–584. RPS19 and JAK2 Genes are not Silenced by DNA Methylation in Diamond Blackfan Anemia
Dry eye following ciguatera fish poisoning

chamber paracentesis was performed and fluid was sent for microscopy, culture, and viral and Toxoplasma gondii PCR (Table 1). An intravitreal injection of 200 mg in 0.1 mL of voriconazole was administered. Despite this, his visual acuity deteriorated to 6/24 2 days later with a corresponding further increase in the size of the subretinal lesion. Anterior chamber paracentesis, vitreous tap and intravitreal injection (200 mg/0.1 mL of voriconazole and 5 mg/0.1 mL of amphotericin B) were repeated. During this period a number of combination systemic antifungal regimens were trialled. Finally, treatment with the combination of posaconazole (200 mg orally, four times day), terbinafine (250 mg orally, twice daily) and caspofungin (50 mg intravenously, daily) and a tapering in his prednisolone dose from 75 mg to 20 mg resulted in a decrease in size of the cutaneous and fundal lesions over the next month, and his visual acuity improved to 6/6 (Fig. 1b,c). Despite multiple intraocular biopsies no organism was ever identified (Table 1). At follow up 6 months later, he was asymptomatic, visual acuity had increased to 6/4 bilaterally, and the fundal lesion was almost flat (Fig. 1d). Although a positive culture was not obtained from his left eye, we suspect that the chorioretinitis was due to S. brevicaulis, as it was contemporaneous with the isolation of this fungus from active cutaneous lesions. Aspergillus was less likely as serial thoracic scans and galactomannan enzyme immunoassays showed a reduction in the size of the lung nodules and a falling index, respectively. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a rare pathogen that most commonly causes onychomycosis, but has been reported to cause keratitis, and endophthalmitis and deep or disseminated infection in the immunosuppressed. S. brevicaulis is resistant to amphotericin B, flucytosine, terbinafine and azoles. Consequently, antifungal therapy alone rarely achieves a cure and other therapeutic interventions (i.e. reversal of immunosuppression and debridement or excision of necrotic tissue) are required in addition. S. brevicaulis infections are almost universally fatal, and unfortunately this man died 9 months after diagnosis with relapsed disseminated infection. This case shows that S brevicaulis may cause chorioretinitis and reinforces the importance of performing fundoscopy in immunosuppressed patients with infections with fungi that are known to disseminate.
Feature extraction of gable-roofed buildings from multi-aspect high-resolution InSAR data

The achievable spatial resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors enables the analysis of urban areas. The appearance of buildings in magnitude images is governed by effects of the inherent oblique scene illumination, such as layover, radar shadow and salient lines of bright scattering caused by direct reflection or multipath signal propagation. For example, in urban residential districts often salient pairs of parallel lines of bright magnitude are observed at locations of gable-roofed buildings. The first line (closer to sensor) is due to direct reflection of planar roof parts orientated toward the sensor. The second line can be related to signal caused by a dihedral corner reflector between ground and building wall. In this paper an approach is presented aiming at reconstruction of gable-roofed buildings by knowledge based analysis considering the mentioned SAR-specific effects. First, line and edge primitives are segmented and grouped to parallel line pair objects. Then for each of these objects geometrical and radiometrical features are extracted in the InSAR images. Based on the interferometric elevation data in the adjacent area of the primitives the projection from slant range into ground range geometry is done. After geocoding, building hypotheses are built from the fused set of extracted primitives from both aspect directions. The estimation of the building height is carried out by two complementing methods: One is based on the extracted geometric parameters and the other on interferometric height data. The reconstruction results are quantitatively assessed by using a high resolution LIDAR surface model as ground truth data.
[Pathogenesis of intestinal dysbacteriosis].

AIM Study mechanism of the development of intestine dysbiosis on the experimental model of mice from the position of reinforcement of translocation of opportunistic Gram negative enterobacteria (OGNE) from the intestine lumen into the system blood flow and the possibility of its correction by lactoglobulin preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental medicinal dysbacteriosis of the intestine was reproduced in mice by using gentamycin. Changes of immunologic parameters in the animals during translocation of Gram negative enterobacteria and their LPS from the intestine lumen into system blood flow were studied. RESULTS During intestine dysbioses a pronounced inflammatory reaction was shown to develop at a local level with the increase of the amount of proinflammatory cytokines with the sequence IL-1beta - IFNgamma- IL-6 and reinforcement of formation of anti-endotoxin antibodies. Changes in the parameters of allergization of macroorganism under the influence of LPS occurred synchronously with the increase of amount of (OGNE) including escherichia with altered lactase activity in the background of its translocation into extrinsic biotopes. In decompensated variant of dysbiosis a pronounced activation of immune reactive spleen cells was noted. Immunobiologic preparations (lactoglobulin and low molecular peptides of immune colostrum) administered to the animals in parallel with the antibiotic caused deintoxication and desensitizing effect and reduced the side effect of its action. CONCLUSION A scheme of development of dysbiotic disorders in the intestine from the position of reinforcement of translocation of (OGNE) from the intestine lumen into the system blood flow is proposed and mechanisms of positive effect of lactoglobulin preparations and low molecular peptides of immune colostrum that are perspective for the correction of this state are explained.
Primary human hepatocytes versus hepatic cell line: assessing their suitability for in vitro nanotoxicology

Abstract The use of hepatocyte cell lines as a replacement for animal models have been heavily criticised mainly due to low expression of metabolism enzymes. This study compares primary human hepatocytes with the C3A cell line and with respect to their response to a panel of nanomaterials (NMs; two ZnO, two MWCNTs, one Ag and one positively functionalised TiO2). The cell line was very comparable with the primary hepatocytes with regards to their cytotoxic response to the NMs (Ag > uncoated ZnO > coated ZnO). The LC50 was not attained in the presence of the MWCNTs and the TiO2 NMs. All NMs significantly increased IL-8 production, with no change in levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Albumin production was measured as an indicator of hepatic function. The authors found no change in levels of albumin with the exception of the coated ZnO NM at the LC50 concentration. NM uptake was similar for both the primary hepatocytes and C3A cells as investigated by TEM. Meanwhile, the authors confirmed greater levels of CYP450 activity in untreated primary cells. This study demonstrates that the C3A cell line is a good model for investigating NM-induced hepatocyte responses with respect to uptake, cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and albumin production.
Professional Men: The Rise of the Professional Classes in Nineteenth-Century England by W. J. Reader (review)

in the Napoleonic wars, the explanation lies not in doctrine, but in the government's pragmatic assessment of naval, commercial, and diplomatic realities. Less persuasive, perhaps, but certainly worthwhile is the discussion of midcentury radicalism. Ignoring familiar movements, Mrs. Anderson deals mainly with Urquhart's National League. The League with its programme of reviving the true and ancient constitution, free from the perversions of party government, ministerial influence, and electoral corruption, reveals an anachronistic strand in nineteenth-century radicalism not unlike eighteenth-century patriotism. The objection to the author's argument lies partly with Urquhart himself. He was an obsessed crank, best known for his conviction that Pahnerston was an agent of the Tsar. Twice a Conservative candidate for parliament, reiected by the radical electors of Sheri]eld and finally returned for the venal borough of Stafford, it is difficult o accept Urquhart as spokesman for the English radical tradition. Were the example only Bright or Roebuckl Still, the idea deserves consideration. Cobbett, for instance, resembles Urquhart in his zeal for the ancient constitution. Cobden and Bright with their old-fashioned independence, their fear of corruption and influence, and their utter inability to work within the party system ight possibly e •e heirs of the eighteenth-century co ntry gentlemen. Could it even be that Cobden svade-mecum was not The Wealth of Nations but The Patriot King? 'When Mrs. Anderson comes to argue for 1854 as a landmark or turning point, she is less impressive. At times her claims are highly guarded and qualified, indeed, almost elusive, but generally her problem is one of excessive dogmatism. Her explicit claims for the period are very large indeed: it is in the Crimean War that the case for aristocratic leadership was discredited; it is here that the middle classes acquired their characteristic morale and confidence; and it is here also that the latter found a basis for co-operation with the respectable working classes. One might assert with equal plausibility that impatience with the aristocracy was much older than the Crimean War. Also, the collapse of Chartism and the emergence of the conservative craft unions may be the decisive events for cooperation between the middle and lower classes. Of course, Mrs. Anderson may be right. Her assertions are not extravagant or incredible. The basis for her research is simply far too narrow to support them.
Metal-Transfer-Micromolded RF Components for System-On-Package (SOP)

This paper reports a metal-transfer-micromolding (MTM) technique for simultaneous implementation of metallized high aspect ratio molded polymer RF passive components, as well as an organic RF circuit board, in a high performance and cost-effective fashion. A system on package (SOP) integration scheme of air lifted RF components can be realized by this process. Two test vehicles have been utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed process: planar coplanar waveguide (CPW)-based band stop filters and an airlifted monopole antenna array, both operating in Ka-band. The measured filter characteristic shows a loss of less than 2.5 dB in passband and 20 dB in stopband, which agrees well with HFSS10.0 simulations. The monopole antennas show good radiation performance and the 10 dB bandwidths at the resonant radiation frequencies are as large as 21.5% for the tested structures.
Sertindole in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia

This study assessed the safety and tolerability of sertindole in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. An open-label, noncomparative, flexible-dose study was carried out in 11 European countries. Upon completion of an 8-week, haloperidol-referenced randomized clinical trial with sertindole, patients were offered sertindole maintenance treatment up to 18 months. In total, 294 patients were enrolled, of whom 237 (81%) had received sertindole and 57 (19%) had received haloperidol in the lead-in trial. The modal dose during the maintenance period was 16 mg/day. Patients showed therapeutic improvement indicated by significant decreases in the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale and Clinical Global Impression ‘severity-of-illness’ scores. An adverse event was the primary reason for withdrawal in 13% of patients. The most common adverse events were fatigue and weight gain, both with incidences of 14%. The incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms was 18%, and 11% of the patients required anticholinergic medication. No statistically significant changes were observed in laboratory values or vital signs, but the mean serum prolactin levels decreased. The mean change in weight from baseline to the last assessment was 2.7 kg. The largest weight increase was observed in patients who were underweight at baseline. Long-term treatment with sertindole was safe and well tolerated, and patients showed clinical improvement beyond acute treatment.
Fabrication of high frequency spherically shaped ceramic transducers

Difficulty in obtaining well focused efficient ultrasound transducers has limited the development of new high frequency applications of B-mode imaging. This paper describes a method for fabricating high frequency (53 MHz) spherically focused lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers. A transducer is fabricated by bonding a malleable backing layer onto a thin plate of PZT and then pressing the plate into a spherically shaped well. The backing layer evenly distributes stresses across the material when it is pressed into the well. Local concentrations of stress which lead to fracture are avoided and the material can be deformed without macroscopic cracking. The characteristics of a 2 mm diameter 53 MHz PZT transducer with a 4 mm focal length are described. A lateral beam width of 68 /spl mu/m and a 12 dB depth of field of 1.5 mm were obtained. The minimum two-way insertion loss of the system was /spl minus/25 dB and the 6 dB bandwidth of the pulse echo response was 30%. An image of a resolution phantom and an in vivo skin image illustrate the excellent imaging characteristics of the transducer. <<ETX>>
Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells Can Be Generated in Response to Alloantigen Independently of CD4+ T Cell Help1

There is now considerable evidence suggesting that CD8+ T cells are able to generate effector but not functional memory T cells following pathogenic infections in the absence of CD4+ T cells. We show that following transplantation of allogeneic skin, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells become activated, proliferate, and expand exclusively in the draining lymph nodes and are able to infiltrate and reject skin allografts. CD44+CD8+ T cells isolated 100 days after transplantation rapidly produce IFN-γ following restimulation with alloantigen in vitro. In vivo CD44+CD8+ T cells rejected donor-type skin allografts more rapidly than naive CD8+ T cells demonstrating the ability of these putative memory T cells to mount an effective recall response in vivo. These data form the first direct demonstration that CD8+ T cells are able to generate memory as well as effector cells in response to alloantigen during rejection in the complete absence of CD4+ T cells. These data have important implications for the design of therapies to combat rejection and serve to reinforce the view that CD8+ T cell responses to allografts require manipulation in addition to CD4+ T cell responses to completely prevent the rejection of foreign organ transplants.
ff ect of undernutrition on the establishment of pregnancy in the ewe

The relationship between nutrition and reproduction in sheep has been the subject of research in several international groups. This review will particularly focus on the effects of undernutrition on the potential causes of reproductive failure including abnormalities of the ovum or the embryo, luteal inadequacy and failure of the supply of progesterone to the uterus, or the mechanisms involved in maternal recognition of pregnancy. The level of nutrition and peripheral progesterone concentrations are inversely related, and increased rates of embryo loss, associated with higher progesterone concentrations in ewes with low levels of nutrition have been reported. Undernutrition may act through changes in the distribution of progesterone in the endometrium. Thus, lower endometrial levels on day 5 of the cycle in ewes fed half of their maintenance requirements have been observed, providing a link between the known role of progesterone in embryo survival by the modulation of uterine function and the higher embryo losses found in undernourished ewes. The evidence of an effect of maternal nutrition on IFNτ secretion from the conceptus and of PGF2α production from the uterus is presented. Moreover, undernutrition provokes a reduction in the sensitivity of the endometrium to progesterone that may affect embryo survival. Finally, a state of undernutrition induces changes in the endometrial sensitivity to steroid hormones at early stages of pregnancy that could adversely alter uterine environment to the detriment of embryo survival. sheep / nutrition / reproduction / progesterone / embryo