Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rationale and design of a prospective clinical trial program to evaluate the glucose-lowering effects of colesevelam HCl in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Background: Dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increase atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. In patients with T2DM, improving lipid parameters reduces CHD risk, while optimizing glucose levels reduces microvascular complications and, possibly, macrovascular disease such as CHD. Unfortunately, many patients with T2DM do not achieve either lipid or glucose treatment targets. Objective: Colesevelam HCl is a specifically engineered bile-acid sequestrant (BAS) indicated to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Earlier studies have demonstrated that BAS not only reduce cholesterol levels, but also lower glucose levels in patients with T2DM. These findings have prompted a robust, prospective phase 3 clinical trial program to further evaluate the safety and tolerability of colesevelam HCl when added to T2DM patients previously treated with metformin, insulin or a sulfonylurea. A limitation of these clinical trials is that none of them assessed colesevelam HCI monotherapy, nor directly compared the glucose-lowering effects of colesevelam HCI to established oral antidiabetes drugs. Nonetheless, this clinical trial program will better determine whether a single agent added to existing diabetes therapy can improve both lipid and glucose parameters in T2DM, which may allow more patients to achieve lipid and glucose treatment targets. Conclusions: This phase 3 clinical trial program will evaluate colesevelam's glucose-lowering effects in patients with T2DM. In addition, based upon a review of the relevant medical literature through an online electronic PubMed search (without restriction to date other than otherwise occurs through PubMed), potential mechanisms as to how BAS may lower glucose levels are discussed.
Activity of short segments of Type I antifreeze protein

In this work, we present a study on the antifreeze activity of short segments of a Type I antifreeze protein, instead of the whole protein. This approach simplifies the correlation between antifreeze protein characteristics, such as hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and the effect of these characteristics on the antifreeze mechanism. Three short polypeptides of Type I AFP have been synthesized. Their antifreeze activity and interactions with water and ice crystals have been analyzed by various techniques such as circular dichroism spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and osmometry. It is shown that one short segment of Type I AFP has an antifreeze activity of about 60% of the native protein activity. In this work, we demonstrate that short segments of Type I AFPs possess nonzero thermal hysteresis and result in modifications in the growth habits and growth rates of ice. This approach enables the preparation of large quantities of short AFP segments at low cost with high antifreeze activity, and opens the possibility of developing the commercial potential of AFPs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88: 807–814, 2007.
Isolation and electron microscopy of a rhabdovirus from the acute form of infectious dropsy of carp (spring viraemia of carp).

Summary A rhabdovirus isolated from carp tissues during an epizootic of the acute form of infectious dropsy (spring viraemia) of carp multiplied and produced cytopathic effects in cell lines FBM, BB and EPC. The virus showed typical rhabdovirus morphology. Zusammenfassung Isolierung und Elektronenmikroskopie eines Rhabdovirus von der akuten Form der infektiosen Bauchwassersucht der Karpfen (Spring Viraemia of Carp) Wahrend einer Epizootie der akuten Form der Bauchwassersucht (Spring Viraemia) wurde von Karpfengeweben ein Rhabdovirus isoliert, das sich mit einem cytopatnischen Effekt in den Zellinien FHM, BB und EPC vermehrte. Das Virus besas die typische Morphologie der Rhabdoviren.
Utility of Anteroposterior Diameter Ratio of Tumor and Abdomen for Laparoscopic Approach for Radical Nephrectomy in Large Renal Masses

Introduction Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is now increasingly done for tumors larger than 10 cm. Despite selection of favorable cases, LRN may not be successful due to lack of adequate working space with large tumors. We describe a new feature on Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) abdomen to predict feasibility of LRN for large renal masses between 10 and 15 cm. Methods From January 2005 to December 2015, renal tumors between 10 and 15 cm were selected retrospectively for LRN. Patients with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus and involvement of adjacent organs were excluded. Anteroposterior (AP) diameter ratio of renal tumor and abdomen (APROTA) was calculated by dividing the maximum AP diameter of tumor along with normal renal parenchyma, by the AP diameter of abdomen on CECT. The patients were stratified into two groups: Group A (successful LRN) and Group B (conversion to open surgery) and outcomes were compared. The reasons for conversion were also noted. Results Of 29 patients, 16 (55.2%) had successful LRN (Group A), while 13 (44.8%) had conversion to open surgery (group B). The median tumor size in Group A was 11.3 ± 1.8 cm and in Group B was 13.6 ± 1.26 cm. Eleven of 13 patients had conversion due to large tumor size causing failure to progress. Two conversions were due to bleeding and injury to the colon each. There was a significant difference in the APROTA in group A and B [0.43 ± 0.09 in group A and 0.64 ± 0.14 in group B (p = 0.0001)]. Conclusions Patients with APROTA of more than 0.65 are unlikely to have successful outcome with LRN.
CRITICAL FAILURE FACTORS FOR ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING ( ERP ) IMPLEMENTATION : A CASE STUDY ON SME IN SABAH , MALAYSIA

This study attempts to analyze the Critical Failure Factor (CFFs) for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system implementation in one of the small and medium enterprises (SME), located in Sabah, Malaysia. Enterprise A has been chosen where the case study is applied to better understand how this firm has implemented its Mind Your Own Business (MYOB), a computerized accounting system software as its ERP system. The case study is carried out based on four phases as suggested by Ganesh et. al 2010 which are (i) planning, (ii) implementation, (iii) stabilization and (iv) improvement. The results show that, lack of communication within the firm during initial stage of project implementation, lack of information system knowledge and lack of vendor supports while implementing, stabilizing and improvise the ERP systems are the major failure factors for Enterprise A. Overall, the critical failure factors found in this case study are strategic failure, operational failure, interaction failure, and choosing the wrong vendor.
Absence seizures: Individual patterns revealed by EEG‐fMRI

Purpose: Absences are characterized by an abrupt onset and end of generalized 3–4 Hz spike and wave discharges (GSWs), accompanied by unresponsiveness. Although previous electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG–fMRI) studies showed that thalamus, default mode areas, and caudate nuclei are involved in absence seizures, the contribution of these regions throughout the ictal evolution of absences remains unclear. Furthermore, animal models provide evidence that absences are initiated by a cortical focus with a secondary involvement of the thalamus. The aim of this study was to investigate dynamic changes during absences.
A framework and key research questions in AKI diagnosis and staging in different environments.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is common worldwide, and associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. The RIFLE system of staging AKI correlates with survival in AKI in several settings. A similar AKI definition and staging system that also incorporates lesser degrees of serum creatinine elevation was proposed at the inaugural Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) meeting in 2005. At the Second AKIN meeting in Vancouver, Canada in September 2006, our group developed a research agenda that would test the utility of these diagnostic and staging criteria to predict patient outcomes in a variety of clinical settings and patient groups. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS & MEASUREMENTS Three-day, international, consensus conference. A multidisciplinary stakeholder committee was divided into work groups. Recommendations for clinical practice and for future research were developed by the committee as an iterative process. This procedure consisted of a literature review phase and focus group interactions with presentations to the entire committee. RESULTS We first proposed a conceptual framework of disease that describes a series of AKI stages, antecedents and outcomes, and allows a description of research recommendations based on transition between AKI stages. We further proposed methods for testing of the definition and development of research questions to establish the utility of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of AKI and associated illnesses. CONCLUSIONS Retrospective studies should be conducted to initiate the process of validating the AKIN definition of AKI, followed by comprehensive prospective studies that incorporate sampling for emerging AKI biomarkers.
Diffuse microvascular dysfunction and loss of white matter integrity predict poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke

We sought to investigate the relationship between blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and microstructural white matter integrity, and their potential impact on long-term functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We studied 184 AIS subjects with perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) performed <9 h from last known well time. White matter hyperintensity (WMH), acute infarct, and PWI-derived mean transit time lesion volumes were calculated. Mean BBB leakage rates (K2 coefficient) and mean diffusivity values were measured in contralesional normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels were studied at baseline and 48 h. Admission stroke severity was evaluated using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was obtained at 90-days post-stroke. We found that higher mean K2 and diffusivity values correlated with age, elevated baseline MMP-2 levels, greater NIHSS and worse 90-day mRS (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, WMH volume was associated with mean K2 (p = 0.0007) and diffusivity (p = 0.006) values in contralesional NAWM. In summary, WMH severity measured on brain MRI of AIS patients is associated with metrics of increased BBB permeability and abnormal white matter microstructural integrity. In future studies, these MRI markers of diffuse cerebral microvascular dysfunction may improve prediction of cerebral tissue infarction and functional post-stroke outcomes.
MRI in acute stroke

When considering IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for ischemic stroke, acute imaging must ensure neurologic deficits are not due to intracerebral hemorrhage and ascertain the presence of early ischemic changes in the 3- to 4.5-hour window. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke IV tPA study required a CT for this purpose, but the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) III trial allowed both CT and MRI for screening for treatment in the 3- to 4.5-hour window.1,2 However, of the 821 patients enrolled in ECASS III, only 50 (6%) were screened with MRI before randomization.1 Thus, our success with IV tPA has occurred in the setting of a simple, noncontrast CT. Furthermore, the pooled IV tPA data, including more than 6,000 patients, demonstrate the convincing positive consequences of early treatment to enable a good functional outcome.2 Every 15 minutes earlier that tPA is given provides an additional 1 month of disability-free life—indicating real-world public health implications of early treatment.3 Therefore, using MRI as a screening tool for IV tPA decision-making, which, at present, comes at the expense of time and brain, should be approached with utmost caution.
Information Extraction from Legacy Spreadsheet-based Information System - An Experience in the Automotive Context

Nevertheless spreadsheets were originally designed for computing purposes and for commercial applications, they are often used in industry to implement Information Systems, thanks to the functionalities offered by integrated scripting languages and ad-hoc frameworks (e.g., Visual Basic for Applications). This technological solution allows the adoption of Rapid Application Development processes for the quickly development of Spreadsheets-based Information Systems, but the resulting systems are quite difficult to be maintained and very difficult to be migrated to other architectures such as Database-oriented Informative Systems or Web applications. In this paper we present an approach for reverse engineering the data model from an Excel spreadsheet-based system in the context of a process of migration to a Web based application based on a MVC architecture. The proposed approach was successfully applied in a real context of a company operating in the automotive industry. The main contribution of this paper is represented by the Data Model Reverse Engineering activity that is the basis of the Migration process.
IMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTOR ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT AMONG URBAN POOR - A STUDY IN BANGALORE, INDIA

The study has been undertaken to document the nutritional status of school going children among Bangalore’s Urban Poor and to document the factors influencing it. The three anthropometric measures namely wasting, stunting and underweight is used to understand the level of malnutrition in children. The main focus of the study is to document the nutrition status of children from poor urban households through the anthropometric measures, to analyse the socio economic factors like gender and income and their impact on nutritional status. The data was collected from a sample of households drawn from Bangalore’s slums and was drawn using cluster sampling. Moderate levels of stunting is seen in majority of households and also across both gender, slightly higher with the female children and it was found predominant in small and large families across all categories of caste. The Gomez index measuring nutrition based on weight for age found small percentage of children with mild form of malnutrition across income and gender groups. Gomez analysis also found that with increase in family size the level of malnutrition, which is strengthened through the logistic regression. Wasting was also found at moderate levels in more than fifty percent of the households. logistic regression was used to analyse the factors influencing economic development revealed that the age of the child and family size were deterrent factors affect nutrition levels.
CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICAS DE FATIADORES DE FRIOS AVALIADAS POR ATP-BIOLUMINESCÊNCIA E CONTAGEM MICROBIANA: SUGESTÃO DE HIGIENIZAÇÃO CONFORME RDC 275 DA ANVISA

As superficies de fatiadores de frios de sete estabelecimentos comerciais foram consideradas em condicoes higienicas insatisfatorias tanto pela analise microbiologica convencional quanto pela tecnica do ATP-bioluminescencia, de acordo com as recomendacoes propostas pelas entidades cientificas e pesquisas relacionadas, uma vez que nao existem padroes estabelecidos pela legislacao. As contagens microbianas alcancaram valores elevados, atingindo medias de 3,87 log UFC.cm-2, 1,89 log UFC.cm-2 e 0,86 log UFC.cm-2 , para mesofilos aerobios, coliformes totais e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente. As contagens de fungos filamentosos e leveduras variaram de 1,58 a 3,88 log UFC.cm-2 e a maioria das contagens de Staphylococcus spp. variou de 2,88 a 3,80 log UFC.cm-2. Constatou-se uma elevada contagem de Staphylococcus spp. , que pode ser originaria de manipuladores com habitos higienicos inadequados, ou dos proprios alimentos fatiados, particularmente no caso de queijos. Uma sugestao de procedimento operacional padronizado (POP) para os fatiadores com base na RDC 275/2002 da ANVISA foi disponibilizada aos responsaveis pela higienizacao dos estabelecimentos comerciais. No POP, foram enfatizados os produtos quimicos e as ajudas de limpeza; frequencia e descricao completa do procedimento que inclui concentracao, pH, tempo e temperatura de contato. Alem do monitoramento do procedimento, medidas de correcao e riscos de uma higienizacao incorreta foram apontados.
UPAYA PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) SENTRA INDUSTRI KONVEKSI DAN BORDIR DI DESA PADURENAN, KECAMATAN GEBOG, KABUPATEN KUDUS

Efforts to accelerate economic development is one of the government's strategy in empowering the community to reduce unemployment rate, one of them is Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM), because UMKM is one of the booster for growth and economic development that has contribution in creating manpower and a source of income for the community. The existence of UMKMs not only increase income, but also in the framework of equitable income for the community. This is because of the UMKM sector can involve many people with various businesses. The role of government is needed in the effort of empowerment. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the condition of empowerment of UMKM Convection and Embroidery Center in Padurenan Village, Gebog Sub-district, Kudus Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the efforts of local government represented by the Office of Industry, Cooperatives and UKM Kudus District in empowerment has been successful, but not maximal, because of some indicators of success of empowerment can not be given by the government, that is about providing aid funds as capital business for conventional and basket UMKM business actors. Recommendation based on this research is Local Government help to find fund aid to other private parties that exist in Kudus Regency or outside Kudus District.
Good or Bad Committers? - A Case Study of Committer's Activities on the Eclipse's Bug Fixing Process

There are many roles to play in the bug fixing process in open source software development. A developer called “Committer”, who has a permission to submit a patch into a software repository, plays a major role in this process and holds a key to the successfulness of the project. Despite the importance of committer’s activities, we suspect that sometimes committers can make mistakes which have some consequences to the bug fixing process (e.g., reopened bugs after bug fixing). Our research focuses on studying the consequences of each committer’s activities to this process. We collected each committer’s historical data from the EclipsePlatform’s bug tracking system and version control system and evaluated their activities using bug status in the bug tracking system and commit log in the version control system. Then we looked deeper into each committer’s characteristics to see the reasons why some committers tend to make mistakes more than the others. key words: open source software (OSS), committer, bug fixing process
Arteriovenous malformation in the adult mouse brain resembling the human disease

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are an important cause of hemorrhagic stroke. The underlying mechanisms are not clear. No animal model for adult bAVM is available for mechanistic exploration. Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2) with activin receptor‐like kinase 1 (ALK1; ACVRL1) mutations have a higher incidence of bAVM than the general population. We tested the hypothesis that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation with regional homozygous deletion of Alk1 induces severe dysplasia in the adult mouse brain, akin to human bAVM.
Analysis of the Human Neonatal Thymus: Evidence for a Transient Thymic Involution1

The neonatal period is marked by the impairment of the major components of both innate and adaptive immunity. We report a severe depletion of cortical CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes in the human neonatal thymus. This drastic reduction in immature double-positive cells, largely provoked by an increased rate of cell death, could be observed as early as 1 day after birth, delaying the recovery of the normal proportion of this thymocyte subset until the end of the first month of postnatal life. Serum cortisol levels were not increased in newborn donors, indicating that the neonatal thymic involution is a physiological rather than a stress-associated pathological event occurring in the perinatal period. Newborn thymuses also showed increased proportions of both primitive CD34+CD1− precursor cells and mature TCRαβhighCD69−CD1−CD45RO+/RAdull and CD45ROdull/RA+ cells, which presumably correspond to recirculating T lymphocytes into the thymus. A notable reinforcement of the subcapsular epithelial cell layer as well as an increase in the intralobular extracellular matrix network accompanied modifications in the thymocyte population. Additionally neonatal thymic dendritic cells were found to be more effective than dendritic cells isolated from children’s thymuses at stimulating proliferative responses in allogeneic T cells. All these findings can account for several alterations affecting the peripheral pool of T lymphocytes in the perinatal period.
Access to Emergency Medical Services: An Urban Planning Methodology for the Generation of Equity

The access and possibility of rapid response to medical emergencies is an issue that, in last decades, has been studied in many areas of research such as urban planning and transportation, as well as with the issue of equity in the provision of this healthcare service. This is true, in particular for middle- and low-income countries subject to non-equitative access to services such as medical emergency attention. In this study, a medical emergency database review is carried out in order to propose a new methodology to assess the coverage of Ambulance Dispatches and Emergency Service Facilities. This is executed using primary information relating to medical emergencies that occurred in the city of Manizales between 2010 and 2015 and secondary data relating to socio-demographic and economic conditions, analyzing their correlation using a GIS (Geographic Information System) application. This research article proposes a methodology for improving the population coverage of Ambulance Dispatches and Emergency Service Facilities, trying to reduce health inequity in terms of assistance to medical emergencies. Our results show that in order to reduce social and health inequity, the city of Manizales needs to improve its provision of emergency care attention, based on urban planning tools especially in low-income neighborhoods.