Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Component placement optimizations on PCBs for improved thermal behaviour

The presented work investigates the thermal design process for electronic systems by studying the placement of critical components, which dissipate large amounts of heat. The research was done in order to define a “thermal placement outline” depending on the speed of the air flow when forced convection is used and on the base dimensions of the component. Several simulations were carried out using SolidWorks Flow Simulation tool, the speed of the air flow and the width of the component being varied. The air trajectory was studied, as well as the temperature at the PCB surface.
Programming style

Programs written with good style are easier to read and understand, and typically smaller and more efficient than those written badly, regardless of the language used. Yet most programmers have never been taught programming style—as proof we need only look at their programs. In this paper we will discuss several principles of programming style, illustrating our points by criticizing and rewriting some real programs. The examples are all taken verbatim from programming textbooks, and the revisions have all been tested.
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Carcinoma: Imaging Techniques and Tumor Markers

In view of the increasing number of new imaging techniques and serum tumor markers, it is not well established which combination or which order of tests may provide the most information for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. This review determines the diagnostic value of the various tests and evaluates which combination of tests may provide the most information and what may be considered to be a current rational approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. In the present analysis endoscopic retrograde chol-angiopancreatography (ERCP) provided a 92% sensitivity that exceeded the 83% and 74% sensitivities calculated for computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound, respectively. The specificity of all three imaging techniques exceeded 90%. Serum determination of CA 19–9 yielded an 83% sensitivity, which was considerably higher than sensitivities of carcinoembryonic antigen and various other tumor markers. The combination of CA 19–9 and ultrasound improved the sensitivity of each test performed alone by 10–15%. Fine-needle biopsy allows diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma with a sensitivity of 83% and an almost perfect specificity of 99%. On the basis of these data, the combination of ultrasound and determination of CA 19–9 is recommended as the initial tests when pancreatic carcinoma is suspected. CT also must be performed if ultrasound is indeterminant or inconsistent with the clinical evaluation, as well as in patients with negative ultrasound but abnormal CA 19–9. Negative results of CT, ultrasound, and CA 19–9 will exclude pancreatic carcinoma in most patients. A positive ultrasound or CT result usually leads to fine-needle biopsy, which helps avoid most diagnostic laparotomies. ERCP must be performed in patients where ultrasound, CT, and fine-needle biopsy do not clarify the diagnosis. In the majority of patients with pancreatic carcinoma, noninvasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound and CT also allow adequate staging. In some patients, however, laparoscopy and angiography may need to be performed for strategic planning of further therapy. Although modern imaging techniques and serum tumor markers allow diagnosis of pancreatic carcinomas as small as 2–3 cm and help avoid most diagnostic laparotomies, this improvement in diagnostic capability has as yet not significantly improved the prognosis.
Distributed leadership: Building capacity to maximise collaborative practice in a new teaching research aged care service

This research facilitated an approach to apply the concept of distributed leadership, as articulated in Health LEADS Australia: the Australian health leadership framework to generate the conditions required to support sustained collaborative practice. The setting for this research was ViTA South, which, at the time of the research was a newly established teaching, research aged care service located in Adelaide, South Australia. The research was concerned with developing distributed leadership amongst the staff team to engender sustained collaborative practice, critical to realising the vision for ViTA South, which requires collaboration beyond the traditional practices of an aged care workforce. This research has facilitated a unique, systematic and deliberate organisational development approach to introduce the concept of distributed leadership into a practical setting. Critical to the organisational development approach was ‘sensemaking’ which was used as a process to shape thinking and to make sense of the ambiguous concept of distributed leadership as it applies to practice. Action research facilitated the sensemaking process. The use of logic modelling enabled the articulation, sharing and presentation of unique insights into the underlying thinking and action which developed as a result of the sensemaking process. The research has drawn on current health leadership theory as it applies to practice to provide insight into, and elaboration of the factors that make distributed leadership work in this context. DISTRIBUTED LEADERSHIP: BUILDING CAPACITY iv Structure of a Doctor of Business Administration The requirements for a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) qualification with the University of Notre Dame Australia include four coursework units and a research thesis. The researcher successfully completed the coursework units in 2012. This research thesis is submitted to complete the requirements for the qualification. Unlike a traditional PhD, professional doctorates such as a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) focus on combining academic rigor with a practitioner emphasis. This research is framed in this tradition. As such, both theory and applied practice of distributed leadership are the subject of this investigation. DISTRIBUTED LEADERSHIP: BUILDING CAPACITY v
The mechanism of biphasic GABA responses

The neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediates much of the inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain. When GABA^ receptors are activated at inhibitory synapses, or when a small amount of exogenous GABA is applied from a pipette, many central neurons respond with a small hyperpolarization from their resting membrane potential (RMP) (see figure). This hyperpolarization and the underlying increase in membrane conductance are the basis of fast inhibitory synaptic transmission. However, when large amounts of GABA are applied, or when inhibitory syn(1, 2), but the ionic mechanism underlying the depolarizing component has been unclear. On page 977 of this issue, Staley and co-workers (3) propose a model to explain how activation of GABAA channels could produce these unusual responses. GABAA channels are preferentially permeable to chloride ions. As a result, the GABA equilibrium potential (EGABA; the membrane potential at which no net current flows and no voltage response is generated after GABA application) is close to the chloride equilibrium potential (Echloride). In hippocampal pyramidal neu-
Acetylcholine sensitivity of developing ectopic nerve‐muscle junctions in adult rat soleus muscles.

1. The development of junctional ACh sensitivity has been studied during the formation of ectopic nerve‐muscle junctions (n.m.j.s) between the superficial fibular nerve and the denervated soleus muscle of adult rats. 2. When the soleus nerve was cut 2 weeks or more after implanting the fibular nerve, spontaneous m.e.p.p.s and evoked e.p.p.s were first detected in the vicinity of the fibular nerve sprouts 2.5‐3 days later. At this time, peaks of local ACh sensitivity greater than the high level of extrajunctional sensitivity induced by denervation were found near the sprouts of the fibular nerve. 3. During the first week of foreign innervation, the extrajunctional sensitivity of the newly innervated muscle fibres fell, but the peaks of sensitivity in the region of the fibular nerve sprouts persisted. Many of these peaks occurred at sites of transmitter release from the fibular nerve terminals. Each innervated fibre had from 1‐8 such peaks. 4. When the fibular nerve was cut 2 days or more after cutting the soleus nerve peaks of ACh sensitivity persisted in the region of the degenerated foreign nerve terminals even if the extrajunctional sensitivity was abolished by direct electrical stimulation of the muscle starting soon after cutting the fibular nerve. 5. When the fibular nerve was left intact, more than half of the peaks of sensitivity formed initially in the region of the foreign nerve sprouts had disappeared 2‐3 weeks after cutting the soleus nerve. 6. We conclude that during the formation of ectopic n.m. j.s in adult rat muscle the foreign nerve terminals bring about two types of long‐lasting change in the distribution and stability of the underlying ACh sensitivity in the muscle fibre membrane; an increase and stabilization of sensitivity at sites of transmitter release which occurs by the time functional transmission at the newly formed n.m. j.s can be detected, and a loss of sensitivity at some of the sites which takes place about 1‐2 weeks later.
Developing and Implementing a Hospital Management System: A Case Study of Razi Medical Center, Khartoum State, Sudan (2012

In the hospitals within healthcare community hundreds of thousands of patients enter healthcare facilities challenging the administration to run the show smoothly. The administrators have to manage and integrate clinical, financial and operational information that grows with the practice. Previously, this data was organized manually (with paper transactions), which was time consuming and failed to deliver the desired level of efficiency. Therefore there is need for a reliable computerized Hospital Information System (HIS), that enhances information integrity, reduces transcription errors, reduces duplication of information entries, and optimizes report turnaround times, delivery quality patient care and better financial management. The main objective of this study is to develop and implement a hospital management system that has to meet the stated needs. To achieve this objective a modified-object-oriented design method was chosen and proposed. The proposed method consist of multistage process, the first phase identifies the problem to be solved, while the final phase deals with system implementation. To implement the introduced system SQL and developer-6i was used, and as a case study a “Razi Medical Center” management system was chosen. To accomplish the results, all the requirements for the system were identified by hospital management; the specified tasks were grouped into main activity-categories. The process model, the object model, and the application model of the system are described. Finally the study concluded that the implemented system is capable of managing a similar hospital information system with minor modifications. The researcher recommended that , in case of application of the system, the system must work entirely on the network, preferably using a high capacity server in order to accommodate the huge database, so that they can access that information from anywhere within the network. This can be achieved if there is effective communication at the application level through computer systems
Triazole-Based Compound as a Candidate To Develop Novel Medicines To Treat Toxoplasmosis

ABSTRACT This article reports anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of 3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione. The compound displayed significant and reproducible antiparasitic effects at nontoxic concentrations for the host cells, with an experimentally determined 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at least 30 times better than that of the known chemotherapeutic agent sulfadiazine. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase was defined as the probable target for anti-Toxoplasma activity of the tested compound. These results provide the foundation for future work to develop a new class of medicines to better treat toxoplasmosis.
Novel Mucoadhesive Polymers for Nasal Drug Delivery

The use of nasal cavity as a route of administration of drugs, specifically systemically acting drugs that pose a delivery challenge, have become an area of great interest to the pharmaceutical companies in the past decade. The physiology of the nasal cavity allows for variety of drug delivery possibilities and destinations which include local, systemic, vaccine, and access to the central nervous system (CNS)[1]
Miniaturized Two-Pole Lumped BPF with Four Controllable TZs Using Multiple Coupling Paths

Aiming at solving the problem of the second-order filter with no more than two transmission zeros (TZs), a novel dual-mode lumped-element bandpass filter is proposed in this letter to construct four TZs and a second-order passband response. The filter schematic and design formula are established to investigate the passband operation and TZ generation mechanism. Four TZs, generated by three transmission paths, are controllable and can be tuned through adjusting the associated elements, owing to a high level of the design freedom provided by the new dual-mode resonator and flexible I/O feeding circuits. As a demonstration, two filters are realized using hybrid technology for relatively low insertion loss and compact size. The experimental results illustrate the analysis and also exhibit a particular tunable TZ very close to the passband, which is independently allocated either below or above the passband.
COMMANDES AVANCEES DES SYSTEMES DEDIES A L'AMELIORATION DE LA QUALITE DE L'ENERGIE : DE LA BASSE TENSION A LA MONTEE EN TENSION

Cette these s'inscrit dans les etudes menees sur la commande des dispositifs de l'electronique de puissance dedies a la qualite de l'energie. Differentes structures de controle numeriques avancees (les correcteurs a base d'integrateurs, le correcteur predictif Dead-Beat et le Controle Direct de Puissance avec modulation vectorielle) ont ete analysees et comparees, sur les plans tant theoriques que pratiques, et ce sur des applications multi-frequentielles, plus concretement sur l'application au filtrage actif parallele, une des applications les plus exigeantes de l'electronique de puissance. Une premiere etude a ete realisee en basse tension et ensuite, vu l'evolution de l'electronique de puissance vers des applications plus puissantes, une etude en montant en tension a ete menee afin d'identifier les limitations qui apparaissent. Meme si les limitations les plus importantes se trouvent dans la partie de puissance des convertisseurs (le courant, la tension et surtout la frequence de commutation des semiconducteurs), on montre que des commandes plus performantes peuvent repousser les limites naturelles aux convertisseurs.
Response of Intracerebral Gardner Lymphoma to Guinea Pig L-Asparaginase and Escherichia coli L-Asparaginase.∗

Summary Both guinea pig L-asparaginase and E. coli L-asparaginase, when given in sufficient doses, are effective in causing prolonged regression of intracerebral 6C3HED lymphomas actively growing in C3H mice. This suggests that further antitumor trials in other species including toxicologic experiments with larger doses appear warranted.
Diagnosing and Treating Gout: A Review to Aid Primary Care Physicians

Abstract Generalist physicians, specifically general internists and primary care physicians, are often the first to see patients with gout and therefore play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of these patients. The aim of this review is to aid generalist physicians in diagnosing and treating gout. A case report example is presented to highlight some of the problems in diagnosing and treating gout. Practical practice points are also highlighted.
A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol.

BACKGROUND Tiotropium, a once-daily anticholinergic, and salmeterol represent two inhaled, long-acting bronchodilators from different pharmacologic classes. A trial was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of both compounds with multiple outcome measures, including lung function, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with COPD. METHODS A 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study of tiotropium, 18 microg once daily via dry-powder inhaler, compared with salmeterol, 50 microg bid via metered-dose inhaler, was conducted in patients with COPD. Efficacy was assessed by 12-h monitoring of spirometry, transition dyspnea index (TDI), and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). RESULTS A total of 623 patients participated (tiotropium, n= 209; salmeterol, n = 213; and placebo, n = 201). The groups were similar in age (mean, 65 years), gender (75% men), and baseline FEV(1) (mean, 1.08 +/- 0.37 L; percent predicted, 40 +/- 12% [+/- SD]). Compared with placebo treatment, the mean predose morning FEV(1) following 6 months of therapy increased significantly more for the tiotropium group (0.14 L) than the salmeterol group (0.09 L; p < 0.01). The average FEV(1) (0 to 12 h) for tiotropium was statistically superior to salmeterol (difference, 0.08 L; p < 0.001). Tiotropium improved TDI focal score by 1.02 U compared with placebo (p = 0.01), whereas there was no significant change in TDI focal score with salmeterol (0.24 U). Tiotropium was superior to salmeterol in improving TDI focal score (p < 0.05). At 6 months, the mean improvement in SGRQ total score vs baseline was tiotropium, - 5.14 U (p < 0.05 vs placebo); salmeterol, - 3.54 U (p = 0.4 vs placebo); and placebo, - 2.43 U. A statistically higher proportion of patients receiving tiotropium achieved at least a 4-U change in SGRQ score compared to patients receiving placebo. Both active drugs reduced the need for rescue albuterol (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Tiotropium once daily produces superior bronchodilation, improvements in dyspnea, and proportion of patients achieving meaningful changes in HRQoL compared to twice-daily salmeterol in patients with COPD.
Giant soap bubble creation model

We present a simple and real‐time technique for animating giant realistic looking soap bubbles. Unlike small spherical soap bubbles, giant soap bubbles stretch significantly and undergo globally varying and locally consistent deformations because of time‐varying surface tensions. For physically plausible surface tensions, we introduce and combine a variable‐length mass spring system and Gibbs elasticity and Marangoni elasticity. Using a proposed framework, we deform our models because of general forces from surface tensions, winds, and excessive pressures. Our framework effectively generates a physically plausible animation of giant soap bubbles, differing in shape according to the user's design; generates capillary waves and vibrations while floating in the air; and shows vivid iridescent colors corresponding to the deformations, all of which have been difficult to achieve using previous soap bubble animation methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BY STUDENTS AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

‘Fast fashion’ and a ‘take, make, dispose’ economy are fueling people’s accumulation of goods, and their willingness to throw these goods away. The end of each University year sees tens of thousands of students clear out their homes, and lives, and move on to pastures new, leaving behind a wake of unwanted clothing, kitchenware and bedding, amongst other ‘throwaway’ items. Sustainable waste management schemes at higher education institutions (HEIs) are becoming more prominent, and are taking the opportunity to generate positive outcomes from this problem that affects most university cities across the country. This study comprises of an extensive review of HEI reuse schemes as well as the collection of primary data during the planning and running of “Shift Your Stuff”, an end-of-term reuse scheme run by Southampton University Students Union (SUSU). The study develops an existing protocol, designed to provide a consistent method of running and analysing an end of term re-use scheme, and refining it to create a methodology which could be easily transferred to other universities. We critically analyse the methods, protocol and key performance indicators (KPIs) which have been used in previous years, and report on the success of this year’s project, in comparison to previous years. The KPIs continued to be an effective way of displaying the success of the scheme, with a 92.4% reuse rate – an improvement on the previous year, along with a host of social benefits including the donation of food and clothing to the homeless or deprived and the contribution to ground-breaking heart disease research undertaken by the British Heart Foundation (BHF). These benefits were brought about by the donations themselves, and by the £3,474 raised through the sale of donations. Although the total amount of donations was lower in comparison to previous years, the quality was substantially higher, with a lower percentage of donations having to be sent for disposal. We make a series of suggestions on how to improve the scheme in order make it more effective. For universities to reach their potential in terms of donations, it is recommended that the running of the scheme is handed over to a charitable organisation that is set up for this purpose.
Desflurane and sevoflurane in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES The authors performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether the cardioprotective effects of volatile anesthetics translate into decreased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. BACKGROUND It is commonly believed that the choice of the primary anesthetic agent does not result in different outcomes after cardiac surgery. Recent evidence, however, has indicated that volatile anesthetics improve postischemic recovery at a cellular level, in isolated hearts, in animals, and in humans. METHODS Four investigators independently searched BioMedCentral and PubMed. Inclusion criteria were random allocation to treatment and comparison of a total intravenous anesthesia regimen versus an anesthesia plan including desflurane or sevoflurane performed on cardiosurgical patients. Exclusion criteria were duplicate publications, nonhuman experimental studies, and no outcome data. The endpoints were the rate of perioperative myocardial infarction and hospital mortality. RESULTS The search yielded 22 studies, involving 1,922 patients. Volatile anesthetics were associated with significant reductions of myocardial infarctions (24/979 [2.4%] in the volatile anesthetics group v 45/874 [5.1%] in the control arm, odds ratio [OR] = 0.51 [0.32-0.84], p for effect = 0.008, and p for heterogeneity = 0.77) and mortality (4/977 [0.4%] v 14/872 [1.6%], OR = 0.31 [0.12-0.80], p for effect = 0.02, and p for heterogeneity = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS Desflurane and sevoflurane have cardioprotective effects that result in decreased morbidity and mortality. The present data show for the first time that the choice of an anesthetic regimen based on administration of halogenated anesthetics is associated with a better outcome after cardiac surgery.