Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Quality Characteristics of Wheat Bread Supplemented with Leafy Vegetable Powders

The study investigated the effect of supplementation of the leaf powders of Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus viridis, and Solanum macrocarpon on the chemical composition and the quality characteristics of wheat bread. The bread samples were supplemented with each of the vegetable leaf powders at 1%, 2%, and 3% during preparation. The bread samples were assayed for proximate composition, mineral composition, physical, sensory, and antioxidant properties using standard methods. The addition of vegetable powders significantly increased the protein (9.50 to 13.93%), fibre (1.81 to 4.00%), ash (1.05 to 2.38%), and fat (1.27 to 2.00%). Supplementation with vegetable powder however significantly decreased ( ) the carbohydrate and moisture contents. Significant ( ) increases were recorded for all evaluated minerals as the level of vegetable powder increased. Supplementation with vegetable powder caused significant decrease in total phenolic content, percentage DPPH inhibition, metal chelating ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and total antioxidant capacity. Sensory results showed that there was significant decrease in sensory qualities with increasing supplementation. This therefore suggests that bread supplemented with vegetable powder could have more market penetration if awareness is highly created.
Clausewitz: A Bibliographical Survey

The vitality of the social sciences in the United States has not prevented some of its most influential pioneers from becoming unread classics. A widespread preference for textbook treatment and up-to-theminute analysis plays its part; but if the reader does want to turn to the originals, he often finds that they are not readily available. Complete and scholarly editions of writers who pursued new directions of inquiry are rarer than might be supposed—even in their native language. The situation is particularly bad when it comes to foreign authors. A writer's theories and insights may be transmitted through one or two major works, while the rest of his output is ignored, so that his thoughts are analyzed in isolation, without benefit of the preliminary sketches, correspondence, and marginal studies that would give depth and suppleness to the interpretation. Until recently Rousseau and Tocqueville have been in this position; another case in point is Max Weber, ignorance of whose fertile theorizing has misled more than one commentator. Still another, and extreme, example of intellectual discontinuity is provided by Clausewitz. Much of his work has never been published; even in German most of it is out of print; little of it has ever been translated. The result has been the partial loss of a remarkable historical and theoretical achievement. To the American reader, in particular, Clausewitz rarely means more than the “philosopher of war,” a famous name associated with one or two clichés backed up by little of substance. Repeated attempts to outline Clausewitz's thought, or to present the “essential Clausewitz” in the form of excerpts, have never been of more than doubtful value, if only because his methodology and dialectic are scarcely less interesting than the conclusions they reach. It would be pointless to attempt the impossible once again. On the other hand, a brief survey of Clausewitz's writings and of the literature concerning him may provide a useful introduction to his theories and to the manner in which for the past 150 years they have influenced the study and the waging of war.
Integrating genetic analysis of mixed populations with a spatially explicit population dynamics model

Inferring the dynamics of populations in time and space is a central challenge in ecology. Intra‐specific structure (for example genetically distinct sub‐populations or meta‐populations) may require methods that can jointly infer the dynamics of multiple populations. This is of particular importance for harvested species, for which management must balance utilization of productive populations with protection of weak ones. Here we present a novel method for simultaneous learning about the spatio‐temporal dynamics of multiple populations that combines genetic data with prior information about abundance and movement, akin to an integrated population modelling approach. We apply the Bayesian genetic mixed stock analysis to 17 wild and 10 hatchery‐reared Baltic salmon (S. salar) stocks, quantifying uncertainty in stock composition in time and space, and in population dynamics parameters such as migration timing and speed. The genetic data were informative about stock‐specific movement patterns, updating priors for migration path, timing and speed. Use of a population dynamics model allowed robust interpolation of expected catch composition at areas and times with no genetic observations. Our results indicate that the commonly used “equal prior probabilities” assumption may not be appropriate for all mixed stock analyses: incorporation of prior information about stock abundance and movement resulted in more plausible and precise estimates of mixture compositions in time and space. The model we present here forms the basis for optimizing the spatial and temporal allocation of harvest to support the management of mixed populations of migratory species.
Robust Nearfield Wideband Beamforming Design Based on Adaptive-Weighted Convex Optimization

Nearfield wideband beamformers for microphone arrays have wide applications in multichannel speech enhancement. The nearfield wideband beamformer design based on convex optimization is one of the typical representatives of robust approaches. However, in this approach, the coefficient of convex optimization is a constant, which has not used all the freedom provided by the weighting coefficient efficiently. Therefore, it is still necessary to further improve the performance. To solve this problem, we developed a robust nearfield wideband beamformer design approach based on adaptive-weighted convex optimization. The proposed approach defines an adaptive-weighted function by the adaptive array signal processing theory and adjusts its value flexibly, which has improved the beamforming performance. During each process of the adaptive updating of the weighting function, the convex optimization problem can be formulated as a SOCP (Second-Order Cone Program) problem, which could be solved efficiently using the well-established interior-point methods. This method is suitable for the case where the sound source is in the nearfield range, can work well in the presence of microphone mismatches, and is applicable to arbitrary array geometries. Several design examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Modelling of a Fed-Batch Culture Applying Simulated Annealing

In this paper the metaheuristic Simulated Annealing (SA) is applied for parameter identification of non-linear model of cultivation process. SA algorithm is a stochastic relaxation technique, using the Metropolis algorithm based on the Boltzmann distribution in statistical mechanics, for solving nonconvex optimization problems. A real E. coli MC4110 fed-batch cultivation process is considered. The mathematical model is presented by a system of five ordinary differential equations, describing the regarded cultivation process variables - biomass, substrate, acetate, dissolved oxygen and bioreactor volume increasing. The obtained criteria values show that the developed model is adequate and has a high degree of accuracy. The presented results are a confirmation of successful application of the SA algorithm and of the choice of SA algorithm parameters.
BOOSTING METRICS: MEASURING CLOUD SERVICES FROM THE HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Studies have shown that Cloud services evaluation would be crucial and beneficial for both service customers and providers, and metrics would play a vital role in any evaluation implementation. Considering the numerous and various aspects of Cloud services, a frequent suggestion is to perform evaluation from a holistic view. The currently normal strategy of holistic evaluation is to use a set of metrics along with a suite of benchmarks to conduct separated experiments. Given the separated, diverse, and even possibly conflicting measurement criteria, it could be still hard for customers with such evaluation reports to understand an evaluated Cloud service from a global perspective. Inspired by the boosting approaches to machine learning, we proposed the concept Boosting Metrics to represent all the potential approaches that are able to deliver summary measurement of Cloud services. Essentially, the idea of boosting metrics is to holistically measure Cloud services with concern of service properties, which supplements the strategy of employing benchmark suites that is to holistically evaluate Cloud services with concern of different workloads. This paper introduces two types of preliminary approaches, and unifies a set of sophisticated measurements into the notion of boosting metrics. In particular, we show that boosting metrics can be used as a summary Response for applying experimental design to Cloud services evaluation. Although the concept Boosting Metrics was refined based on our work in the Cloud Computing domain, we believe it can be easily adapted to the evaluation work of other computing paradigms.
Small Target Segmentation Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform and Mathematics Morphologic

To detect and recognize the small targets under complex background, a new segmentation algorithm based on wavelet transform and mathematical morphology is presented. Firstly, the original image is decomposed in three levels by wavelet transform and the high-frequent images are fused by minimum mean square error algorithm to suppress the background and enhance the target. Secondly, the fused images are segmented with an adaptive threshold to get the centroid coordinates of the target area. Thirdly, the original images are segmented accurately with region growing algorithm to get the precise contours and centroid coordinates of the target area. The results of flight test show that the segmentation algorithm has high precision and accuracy, as well as strong engineering adaptability. 
Archaeology in Africa and Asia : Prehistoric Coexistence : The Expansion of Farming Society from the Yangzi River Valley to Western South China

Apres une presentation de la zone d'etude et un recapitulatif des recherches archeologiques qui y ont ete menees, l'auteur esquisse un premier bilan sur la coexistence des chasseurs-cueilleurs et des societes agricoles dans la region de Yangzi Jiang.
Feed Utilisation Efficiency of Lupin Inclusion in Cobia: Role of Dietary Organic Selenium Supplementation

The dietary selenium (Se) requirement has been determined for cobia Rachycentron canadum using purified diet; however, its role in the utilisation of plant-derived ingredients has not been evaluated in the species. Therefore, a 3 x 2 factorial experimental design involving three inclusion levels (0, 210 and 315 g/kg) of lupin Lupinus angustifolius kernel meal (LKM) and two concentrations (0 and 0.8 mg/kg) of Se was used to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation in conjunction with LKM on the growth, feed utilisation and physiological responses in the cobia. Six isonitrogenous (46.5 % crude protein) and isoenergetic (21 MJ/kg gross energy) diets were formulated and fed to cobia for 7 weeks in a flow-through seawater system. The results showed significant effects of Se supplementation and its interaction with dietary lupin on the growth and feed efficiency of cobia. Se supplementation significantly improved the growth and feed utilisation efficiency in cobia fed lupin-based diets. The nutrient digestibility of fish fed supplemental Se lupin-based diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed diets without Se supplementation at each inclusion level of LKM. There were no significant effects of dietary Se supplementation on the survival, muscle composition or muscle amino acids, whereas regression analysis indicated a positive linear relationship between tissue Se accumulation and dietary Se levels. An enhancement of haematological responses was also observed in cobia fed Se-supplemented diets. In summary, cobia fed lupin-based diets required higher dietary Se supplementation for higher feed utilisation efficiency than previously quantified for the casein-based diet.
Relative Distance Based Routing for Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network

Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network (DTMSN) is the network for pervasive information gathering. Traditional static routing approaches may not fit for DTMSN due to its intermittent connectivity. This paper proposes an relative distance based routing (RDBR) strategy for DTMSN, in which nodes delivery probabilities are calculated and updated according to the latest relative distance from themselves to the sink node, and data are delivered according to nodes’ delivery probabilities. RDBR also introduces a redundant copies controlling technique based on the message priority. Simulation results show that RDBR achieves a well tradeoff between the data delivery ratio/delay and the delivery overhead.
The Tourism Supply Linkage: Recreational Sites and their Related Natural Amenities

While the demand aspects of publicly provided recreation and tourism-related travel have long held the spotlight of research, the supply or production side remains inexact and relatively unexplored. In this manuscript, we focus on supply components of recreational resources and their links with tourism incidence in Wisconsin. The supply of recreation and tourism is a complex combination of natural amenities, recreational sites, access, and private sector business activity which is influenced by an array of factors that act to provide opportunities that satisfy leisure-based travel demands. Measures of recreational site density that account for both physical/geographic size and population, or social capacity are used as key explanatory variables in models of tourism dependence. Results suggest that tourism dependence in Wisconsin involves both recreation sites and natural amenities. Assessing tourism production without incorporation of these non-priced latent inputs provides an incomplete characterization of the tourism phenomenon.
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY RATES IN NIGERIA

This study examines the impact of government expenditure on unemployment and poverty rates in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2011. Using an Ordinary Least square (OLS) estimation technique, the study observes that government expenditure has positive and significant impact on unemployment rate while it has a negative and insignificant impact on poverty rate. Thus, this study recommends that urgent attention should be accorded to rising unemployment and high poverty rates in order to achieve the objective of being among the 20 economies of the world by 2020 and of achieving her MDG goal of halving poverty rate by 2015.
Speech Recognition of Isolated Arabic words via using Wavelet Transformation and Fuzzy Neural Network

In this paper two new methods for feature extraction are presented for speech recognition the first method use a combination of linear predictive coding technique(LPC) and skewness equation. The second one(WLPCC) use a combination of linear predictive coding technique(LPC), discrete wavelet transform(DWT), and cpestrum analysis. The objective of this method is to enhance the performance of the proposed method by introducing more features from the signal. Neural Network(NN) and Neuro-Fuzzy Network are used in the proposed methods for classification. Test result show that the WLPCC method in the process of features extraction, and the neuro fuzzy network in the classification process had highest recognition rate for both the trained and non trained data. The proposed system has been built using MATLAB software and the data involve ten isolated Arabic words that are (الله، محمد، خديجة، ياسين، يتكلم، الشارقة، لندن، يسار، يمين، أحزان), for fifteen male speakers. The recognition rate of trained data is (97.8%) and non-trained data is (81.1%). Keywords: Speech Recognition, Feature Extraction, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC),Neural Network, Fuzzy network
Design of a Retractable Vane for a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

This study investigated the impact of vane design f or a retractable vane Savonius style Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). Five designs were tested in a wind tunnel to find which design produces the most torque on the rotor, and to obtain a value for drag coefficient and lift coefficient. Eight posit ion angles were selected to represent the infinite numb er of vane positions possible compared to the direc tion of the wind. The wind tunnel was not able to genera te air speeds great enough to reach the Reynolds numbers (Re) required for similarity. Reynolds numb er independence was sought to justify extrapolation to the required Re. In many cases extrapolation was not reasonable. Instead the data was analyzed assuming a “best approximation” range for each vane and position. The testing setup introduced extra uncertainty that was considered in analysis, and pr esumed to be harmonic motion of the setup and/or th e evidence of vortex shedding. The best vane design p roved to be an airfoil with a curved trailing edge, although all designs proved feasible for power prod uction. The curved airfoil design reduced possible vortex shedding and the induced drag to become the most consistent, high torque producer of the five designs. The net torque seemed to be influenced mor e by the vane position than the vane design. Thus, more importance may lie in the design of the retrac tion mechanism than in the vane design. With this curved airfoil design, research can extend to a stu dy of retraction mechanisms, power production syste m , and, eventually, construction. T . P o w e r s P a g e | 3
SIRE-DP-2014-012 Imperfect Attention and Menu Evaluation

We model the choice behaviour of an agent who suffers from imperfect attention. We define inattention axiomatically through preference over menus and endowed alternatives: an agent is inattentive if it is better to be endowed with an alternative a than to be allowed to pick a from a menu in which a is is the best alternative. This property and vNM rationality on the domain of menus and alternatives imply that the agent notices each alternative with a given menu-dependent probability (attention parameter) and maximises a menu independent utility function over the alternatives he notices. Preference for flexibility restricts the model to menu independent attention parameters as in Manzini and Mariotti [19]. Our theory explains anomalies (e.g. the attraction and compromise effect) that the Random Utility Model cannot accommodate. J.E. L. codes: D0.
Physiological and Morphological Responses to Ozone Exposure of Coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd)

The tropospheric ozone has been projected to increase and it could harm humans, animals, and vegetation. The objectives of this study were to investigate morphological changes in coleus leaves, to assess the change of pigment composition (chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin), and to understand color dynamics due to ozone fumigation. Coleus Kong Green (fully green/FG), Coleus Kong Scarlet (green and purple/GP), Coleus Wizard Pastel (yellow and purple/YP), and Coleus Wizard Scarlet (reddish/RD) had been selected and tested into three different ozone concentrations which were CF (≤ 10 ppb ozone), CF+40 ppb ozone, and CF+150 ppb ozone for 8 hours/day for 30 days. Chlorosis in FG and curling leaf in RD were observed as the symptoms while other cultivars showed different appearances such as expanded purple area (GP and YP) and curl margin (RD). Chlorophyll and carotenoid content significantly decreased in all cultivars while anthocyanin was found increasing except in RD. The color change tended to redder and brighter in all cultivars except RD which was stable and purple area in GP which was darker. Therefore, different coleus cultivars show different responses and it can be used as ozone-plant model to investigate pigment composition under ozone exposure.
Smart Growth Planning for Climate Protection Evaluating California ’ s Senate Bill 375

Problem: To help achieve climate policy goals, California recently adopted measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) by promoting more efficient development. One policy, Senate Bill (SB) 375, gained widespread attention as “the nation’s first law to combat greenhouse gas emissions by reducing sprawl” (Office of the Governor of California, 2008). What does experience to date indicate about the effectiveness of California’s institutional model for achieving GHG reductions from transportation and land use? Purpose: SB 375, adopted in 2008, requires California’s urban regions to achieve mandated GHG reductions through coordinated transportation and land use. After its passage, the California Air Resources Board moderated a lively, contentious negotiation process with the state’s 18 Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to define potential GHG reductions and assign the mandated targets. We evaluate progress toward achieving SB 375 goals, analyzing the target-setting process and local government engagement. We assess the viability of California’s largely voluntary model for achieving climate goals through smart growth. Methods: We consider the two-year-long SB 375 target-setting process as an exercise in institution building, creating new planning requirements that build on existing regional processes but also require the development of new techniques for systematically evaluating policy options and assigning regional responsibility. We evaluate MPO data on the potential of various smart growth policy options for reducing GHGs, and consider the activities and perspective of local planners by incorporating findings from surveys and interviews. Smart Growth Planning for Climate Protection
An overview of bio-based polymers for packaging materials

Synthetic polymers are the most widely used materials for packaging because of their ease of processing, low cost, and low density. However, many of these materials are not easily recyclable and are difficult to degrade completely in nature, creating environmental problems. Thus, there is a tendency to substitute such polymers with natural polymers and copolymers that are easily bio-degraded and less likely to cause environmental pollution. There has been a greater interest in poly-lactic acid (PLA), poly-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose and starch based polymers and copolymers as the emerging biodegradable material candidates for the future. This paper reviews the present state-of-the-art biodegradable polymers made from renewable resources and discusses the main features of their properties and design.