Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Single and Combined Monochromatic Light on the Human Pupillary Light Response

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a neurological reflex driven by rods, cones, and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells. Our aim was to achieve a more precise picture of the effects of 5-min duration monochromatic light stimuli, alone or in combination, on the human PLR, to determine its spectral sensitivity and to assess the importance of photon flux. Using pupillometry, the PLR was assessed in 13 participants (6 women) aged 27.2 ± 5.41 years (mean ± SD) during 5-min light stimuli of purple (437 nm), blue (479 nm), red (627 nm), and combinations of red+purple or red+blue light. In addition, nine 5-min, photon-matched light stimuli, ranging in 10 nm increments peaking between 420 and 500 nm were tested in 15 participants (8 women) aged 25.7 ± 8.90 years. Maximum pupil constriction, time to achieve this, constriction velocity, area under the curve (AUC) at short (0–60 s), and longer duration (240–300 s) light exposures, and 6-s post-illumination pupillary response (6-s PIPR) were assessed. Photoreceptor activation was estimated by mathematical modeling. The velocity of constriction was significantly faster with blue monochromatic light than with red or purple light. Within the blue light spectrum (between 420 and 500 nm), the velocity of constriction was significantly faster with the 480 nm light stimulus, while the slowest pupil constriction was observed with 430 nm light. Maximum pupil constriction was achieved with 470 nm light, and the greatest AUC0−60 and AUC240−300 was observed with 490 and 460 nm light, respectively. The 6-s PIPR was maximum after 490 nm light stimulus. Both the transient (AUC0−60) and sustained (AUC240−300) response was significantly correlated with melanopic activation. Higher photon fluxes for both purple and blue light produced greater amplitude sustained pupillary constriction. The findings confirm human PLR dependence on wavelength, monochromatic or bichromatic light and photon flux under 5-min duration light stimuli. Since the most rapid and high amplitude PLR occurred within the 460–490 nm light range (alone or combined), our results suggest that color discrimination should be studied under total or partial substitution of this blue light range (460–490 nm) by shorter wavelengths (~440 nm). Thus for nocturnal lighting, replacement of blue light with purple light might be a plausible solution to preserve color discrimination while minimizing melanopic activation.
Lecture 12 : Nearest Neighbor Search and Locality Sensitive Hashing

The most important complexity measures for this lecture are space complexity and query time – i.e. how much auxiliary space do we use on top of what’s required to store X and how fast can we find the nearest neighbor for a given query q. In general there will be a tradeoff here: larger space data structures allow for faster query time. Naively, if we just store our points in O(dn) space, our query time is linear in n (we need to scan through our entire database). Our goal will be to find a solution with o(n) query time. For example, when d = 1 the NNS problem can be solved using a binary search tree, which uses space O(n log n) and query time O(log n). Typically, however, we are interested in much higher dimensional data.
GTTS System for the Albayzin 2010 Speaker Diarization Evaluation

This paper briefly describes the diarization system developed by the Software Technology Working Group (http://gtts.ehu.es) at the University of the Basque Country (EHU), for the Albayzin 2010 Speaker Diarization Evaluation. The system consists of three decoupled elements: (1) speech/non-speech segmentation; (2) acoustic change detection; and (3) clustering of speech segments. Speech/non-speech segmentation is performed by means of one of the systems presented to the Albayzin 2010 Audio Segmentation Evaluation. With the aim to detect speaker changes, speech segments are further segmented by means of a naive metric-based approach which locates the most likely spectral change points. The third element is based on a dotscoring speaker verification system: speech segments are represented by MAP-adapted GMM zero and first order statistics, dot scoring is applied to compute a similarity measure between segments (or clusters) and finally an agglomerative clustering algorithm is applied until no pair of clusters exceeds a similarity threshold.
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF STOMOXYS CALCITRANS

To investigate whether different landscapes could affect genetic diversity and structure of the cosmopolitan diptera Stomoxys calcitrans, populations from Gabon and southern France were studied using dominant amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Gabon is characterized by a forested closed landscape, and southern France by an open Mediterranean landscape. The genetic diversity between Gabon and France populations did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Contrary to our expectation, this study shows a moderate level of genetic differentiation between these two distant countries (Fst = 0.0979) and a low genetic structure among Gabonese and French populations (Fst = 0.0291 and 0.0275 respectively). This result could indicate the capacities of S. calcitrans populations to sustain a high level of gene flow, despite geographic distance and isolation. Résumé : IMPACT DU PAYSAGE SUR LA STRUCTURE DES POPULATIONS ET LA DIVERSITÉ GÉNÉTIQUE DE STOMOXYS CALCITRANS Pour étudier l’impact du paysage sur la diversité génétique et la structure des populations de Stomoxys calcitrans, diptère cosmopolite, des populations du Gabon et du sud de la France ont été étudiées en utilisant des marqueurs AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism). Le Gabon est caractérisé par une forêt équatoriale, correspondant à un paysage fermé, alors que la zone d’étude dans le sud de la France correspond à un paysage largement ouvert. La diversité génétique entre les populations du Gabon et de France n’a pas montré de différence significative (P > 0,05). Contrairement à notre attente, cette étude a montré une différenciation génétique modérée entre les deux pays (Fst = 0.0979) et une structuration génétique faible au sein des populations du Gabon et de France (Fst = 0.0291 et 0.0275 respectivement). Ces résultats semblent indiquer la capacité des populations de S. calcitrans à maintenir un flux de gènes élevé, en dépit de la distance géographique et de l’isolement.
Polimorfizm TaqIB genu CETP a stężenie lipidów u pacjentów z nadwagą i otyłością

Background. Ongoing research shows an increase in mortality in patients with low levels of serum cholesterol, which is caused by decreasing the fraction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). Objective. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the CETP gene TaqI polymorphism and concentrations of selected parameters of lipid metabolism in patients with overweight and obesity. Materials and method. The study involved 73 people aged 24-68 years. Android obesity was found in 90.4% of women, including 66.7% in the HDL-C levels above 50 mg / dL. Results. Most of abdominal obesity was the B1B2 heterozygotes (38.1%). Abdominal obesity was present in 48.4% of men, including 25.8% in B1B2 heterozygotes and in 67.7% of HDL> 40mg/dl. It was found statistically insignificant higher levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, the percentage of fat mass (% FM)in patients with genotype B2B2 compared to those with genotype B1B1 and B1B2. In women, higher levels of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were found in the presence of B1B2 genotype, whereas a higher concentration of all lipid fractions studied showed the men with the B2B2 genotype, who also had the highest % FM. Conclusions. The results indicate that in obese men TagIB polymorphism may be an independent factor influencing HDLcholesterol.
Telecooperation through World Wide Workflows

Business processes do not start or end at the boundaries of organizations. To support the participation of external agents in a workflow, the communication between workflow systems, or of a workflow system with other external IT-systems we propose a communication architecture which mainly relies on WWW-technology and the exchange of structured documents (forms). We separate the definition of a process and the assignment of agents from the communication with this agent to provide greater flexibility. We propose the use of HTML and XML forms for communication since these documents are readable for humans and are easily transformed into database records.
RUNNING TITLE : Uncertainty in Impacts of Climate Change

We forecasted potential impacts of climate change on the ability of a network of key sites for bird conservation (Important Bird Areas; IBAs) to provide suitable climate for 370 bird species of current conservation concern in two Asian biodiversity hotspots: the Eastern Himalaya and Lower Mekong. Comparable studies have largely not accounted for uncertainty, which may lead to inappropriate conclusions. We quantified the contribution of four sources of variation (choice of general circulation models, emission scenarios and species distribution modelling methods and variation in species distribution data) to uncertainty in forecasts and tested if our projections were robust to these uncertainties. Declines in the availability of suitable climate within the IBA network by 2100 were forecast as “extremely likely” for 45% of species, while increases were projected for only 2%. Thus, A cc ep te d A rt ic le © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd we predict almost 24 times as many “losers” as “winners”. However, for no species was suitable climate “extremely likely” to be completely lost from the network. Considerable turnover (median = 43%, 95% CI = 35-69%) in species compositions of most IBAs were projected by 2100. Climatic conditions in 47% of IBAs were projected as “extremely likely” to become suitable for fewer priority species. However, no IBA was forecast to become suitable for more species. Variation among General Circulation Models and Species Distribution Models contributed most to uncertainty among forecasts. This uncertainty precluded firm conclusions for 53% of species and IBAs because 95% confidence intervals included projections of no change. Considering this uncertainty, however, allows robust recommendations concerning the remaining species and IBAs. Overall, while the IBA network will continue to sustain bird conservation, climate change will modify which species each site will be suitable for. Thus, adaptive management of the network, including modified site conservation strategies and facilitating species’ movement among sites, is critical to ensure effective future conservation.
Returning Matched Values with LDAPv3

A hydraulic system for a single engine truck crane includes a pump input section in the carrier that is driven by the carrier engine and an output section in the upper works. A closed loop connects the input and output sections and requires only two passages through the swivel joint. The working reservoir is in the upper works, and a supercharge pump in the upper works is driven by the output section and draws from the reservoir to feed the loop. In one embodiment the output section comprises a flow divider leading to valve units and working motors which are incorporated in the closed loop, and in another embodiment the output section includes a power motor which is driven by the pump in the carrier and which drives working pumps in the upper works that serve the working motors.
Вещественно-нормированные дифференциалы: пределы на стабильных кривых

В работе исследуется поведение вещественно-нормированных (ВН) мероморфных дифференциалов на римановых поверхностях при вырождении этих поверхностей. Мы описываем все возможные пределы ВН-дифференциалов на стабильной кривой, в частности, доказываем, что вычеты в нодальных точках даются решением соответствующей задачи Кирхгофа на двойственном графе кривой. Мы также доказываем, что пределы нулей ВН-дифференциалов образуют дивизор нулей подкрученного дифференциала, представляющего собой явно описанный набор ВН-дифференциалов на неприводимых компонентах стабильной кривой с полюсами порядка выше первого в некоторых нодальных точках. Основным техническим средством, используемым в работе, является новый метод построения дифференциалов на гладких римановых поверхностях (применяемый здесь для ВН-дифференциалов, но имеющий бо́льшую общность) в окрестности фиксированной стабильной кривой в координатах вклейки (plumbing coordinates). При этом гладкая риманова поверхность рассматривается как дополнение к окрестности нодальных точек на стабильной кривой, граничные окружности которых попарно отождествлены. Задача построения дифференциала на гладкой римановой поверхности с предписанными особенностями сводится к построению дифференциалов с заданными “скачкáми” на линиях склейки (швах). Этот аддитивный аналог задачи Римана - Гильберта решается новым методом, в котором вместо ядра Коши на гладкой римановой поверхности, полученной вклейкой, итеративно используются интегралы с ядрами Коши на неприводимых компонентах стабильной кривой. Поскольку стабильная кривая фиксирована, для построенного дифференциала можно получить явные оценки, что позволяет провести точный анализ вырождения. Библиография: 22 названия.
1799. Impact of Real-Time Electronic Notifications to Pharmacists of Rapid Diagnostic Blood Culture Results

Abstract Background Rapid diagnostic tests that utilize multiplex PCR technology provide faster time to pathogen identification, but maximizing the impact on outcomes is dependent upon who is available to respond to test results. In June 2017, pharmacists began receiving in-basket notifications of positive results from the institution’s FilmArray BCID assay. The objective of this study was to determine the impact on antibiotic utilization associated with this method of communicating results. Methods This was a retrospective, observational, before-and-after study at an academic medical center with an established stewardship program. Inclusion criteria: Adult patients age ≥18 admitted to an ICU or oncology unit with ≥1 positive blood culture containing a gram-positive organism identified by FilmArray BCID. Patients with polymicrobial infection, concomitant infection caused by a different organism, antibiotics started before admission, or death prior to organism identification were excluded. Data were collected during a 4-month period before (PRE) and a 4-month period after (POST) implementation of in-basket notifications. Stewardship metrics and other outcome measures were compared between the two groups. Pharmacists received no targeted stewardship training on how to respond to results. Results Ninety-two patients met study criteria (49 PRE and 43 POST). Patients were age 62 ± 16, male (55%), and 77 (84%) were located in an ICU. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 4 and Pitt Bacteremia Score was 1. Sixty-seven patients were considered to have noncontaminant bloodstream infection. Median results for these patients are listed in the table. Patients with contaminants (n = 25) had 3.5 and 7 antibiotic-free days in the PRE and POST groups, respectively (P = 0.34). Conclusion In-basket notifications did not significantly improve antibiotic utilization or clinical outcomes. Active interventions and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives are needed in combination with rapid diagnostic tests. PRE (n = 35) POST (n = 32) P-value Time to active therapy (hours) 0.85 3.2 0.33 Time to optimal abx (hours) 47.4 44.4 0.43 Time to de-escalation (hours) 48.4 46.8 0.24 Defined daily doses 10.4 10.4 0.81 Days of therapy 13 11 0.70 In-hospital mortality, n (%) 9 (26) 8 (25) 0.98 Length of stay from positive culture (days) 9.6 7.9 0.94 Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Connecting concepts from vision and speech processing

This paper addresses the problem of how to establish referential links between interpretations of speech and visual data. In order to get rid of erroneous, vague, or incomplete conceptual descriptions, we propose a probabilistic interaction scheme. The modelling of dependencies and the calculation of inferences are realized by using Bayesian networks. This interaction scheme provides a basis for disambiguation and error recovery. We implemented an interaction component in an assembly task environment. A robot constructor can be instructed by speech and pointing gestures in order to connect primitive component parts of a wooden toy construction kit. The system is evaluated on a test data set which consists of 448 spoken utterances from 16 speakers who name objects on 10 images from different scenes. First results show the effectiveness and robustness of the probabilistic approach.
Effectiveness of visceral osteopathic treatment on gastrointestinal indicators and behaviour patterns in autistic children: using questionnaire and biochemical markers to measure outcomes

Introduction. The precise aetiology of autism is unclear, however recent studies link autism with gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Although there is no specific treatment, the potential to ameliorate the behavioural and GI problems of autistic children is of interest. This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory markers in faecal samples taken from autistic children with GI dysfunction before, during and after visceral osteopathic techniques (VOT), and to link these findings with contemporaneous questionnaires. These data assessed whether GI status could be reliably determined from a single sample, whether VOT affected behaviour and clinical signs, and whether there was any association between biochemical markers and the questionnaire. Methods. Faecal samples were analysed for three biochemical markers, calprotectin, M2-pyruvate kinase and lactoferrin. Forty nine children, between 3½ and 8 years old, and independently diagnosed as autistic by specialist professionals were recruited. Questionnaires using a 10 point Likert scale assessed behavioural parameters and clinical signs throughout the 18 week study period, before, during and after VOT. Results. Due to intra-individual biological variability, analysis of single faecal samples over time did not give a consistent readout of marker levels. The questionnaire showed significant improvement in symptoms and behaviour during treatment, specifically, reduction in vomiting (p<0.001), and poor appetite (p<0.05), and an increase in eye contact (p<0.05). Analysis of an inflammatory marker, together with the questionnaire, showed a highly significant association of ‘need for a fixed routine’ (p<0.0001) and ‘constipation’ (p<0.02) parameters with calprotectin, and showing multivariate coefficients of 3.227 and -1.584 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion. VOT ameliorates GI symptoms in these autistic children and a standardised questionnaire could include ‘need for a fixed routine’ and ‘constipation’ as independent predictors of their bowel dysfunction. This study uniquely used biochemical markers to assess symptomatic changes before, during and after VOT.
Students’ View of Evidence-Based Medicine: A Survey in Switzerland -

Objective: Training in Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been implemented in Swiss medical schools for the last 8 to 10 years. Still, there is little known about the undergraduates’ perception of EBM and Medical Statistics. Methods: Between February and July 2007, fifth- to sixth-year medical students during surgical clerkship at 15 adult surgical departments in German-speaking Switzerland were asked to participate in an anonymous survey. At the end of the surgical clerkship each student received a self-administered questionnaire on EBM. It included questions concerning the perception of the practical use of EBM, eight multiple-choice questions regarding the statistical literacy and 26 questions about the view of Science and Scientific Methods. Results: A total of 185/344 (53.8%) medical students participated in the study. On a seven-point Likert scale, the importance of teaching and knowledge in EBM was rated as high (5.7±1.1 and 5.9±1.0). The subjective knowledge on EBM was considered moderate on a five-point Likert scale (3.4±1.0), corresponding with the median percentage knowledge score of 33 (range 0-47). The frequency of literature research and number of publications as co-author proved to be the only significant predictors for a higher knowledge in EBM and Medical Statistics of medical students (p=0.01). The attitude toward Science was good with a total score for the value of Science and research of 80.0 ± 8.3 out of a maximum of 130. The main impediments for using EBM were lack of time (57/165, 35%), ignorance (36/165, 22%), and difficulties in integration into everyday life (32/165, 19%). Conclusions: Medical students in Switzerland were aware of their moderate knowledge in EBM and Medical Statistics and aimed for an improvement. More courses in EBM and journal clubs must be introduced and access to information resources must be ensured with an early introduction in search engines (i.e. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, etc.). A general strengthening of the knowledge on EBM and Medical Statistics among medical students may be a good way of educating the critical number of academic physicians and establishing a foundation for their future academic environment.
Original Article Cleavage, blastula and gastrulation mechanism in embryonic development of giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

Sequential changes in the development of egg in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii was defined in the present study. In females, the ovaries are located dorsal to the stomach and hepatopancreas in the carapace cavity. When the female prawn is in ripe condition the deep orange or yellow colored ovaries are visible through the carapace extending from just behind the eyes to the first abdominal segment. An oviduct arises laterally from each ovary just anterior to the heart and extends ventro-laterally to the gonopore on the coxae of the third periopod. After mating, the eggs were deposited, or oviposited, on setae of the pleopods of the female. The fertilized eggs were opaque, greenish, round or oval in shape. The diameter of the egg was approximately 0.58 x 0.48 mm. As the development progresses, the yellow color changed into light orange, orange, brownish-orange and finally to dark brown or black in color about to hatch. The incubation periods varied from 12-18 days. Twelve stages were observed during embryonic development and tissue differentiation before the emergence of the first zoea larva in the M.rosenbergii. The process of embryonic development includes nuclear division, cleavage, blastula formation, segmentation, eye pigment development and larva formation. Embryonic development follows the normal blastula and gastrula stages, ending with the closing of the blastopore. © 2013 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved