Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FAR END CROSSTALK REDUCTION BETWEEN PARALLEL MICROSTRIPLINES USING U SHAPED GUARD TRACE

The increasing demand for high speed electronic circuits leads the printed circuit board designers to face more electromagnetic coupling and radiation problems. The guard shield is one of the methods to minimize the electromagnetic coupling between adjacent microstriplines on a high speed printed circuit board. A novel U shaped guard shield is proposed to reduce far end crosstalk and near end crosstalk. This paper analyses the performance of various guard intervening schemes between two signal lines using FDTD method. The numerical results are verified by Ansoft HFSS simulation results. The U shaped guard traces reduces both near end crosstalk and far end crosstalk by approximately 45% than conventional guard traces. Keywoeds: crosstalk, microstriplines, U shaped guard trace, FDTD.
CAMOU: L EARNING A V EHICLE C AMOUFLAGE FOR P HYSICAL A DVERSARIAL A TTACK ON O BJECT D ETECTORS IN THE W ILD

In this paper, we conduct an interesting experimental study about the physical adversarial attack on object detectors in the wild. In particular, we learn a camouflage pattern to hide vehicles from being detected by state-of-the-art convolutional neural network based detectors. Our approach alternates between two threads. In the first, we train a neural approximation function to imitate how a simulator applies camouflages to vehicles and how a vehicle detector performs given an image generated by the simulator. In the second, we minimize the approximated detection score by searching for the optimal camouflage. Experiments show that the learned camouflage can not only hide a vehicle from the image-based detectors under many cases, but also generalizes to different environments, vehicles, and object detectors.
Subantarctic Mode Water variability influenced by mesoscale eddies south of Tasmania

[1] Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) is formed by deep mixing on the equatorward side of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The subduction and export of SAMW from the Southern Ocean play an important role in global heat, freshwater, carbon, and nutrient budgets. However, the formation process and variability of SAMW remain poorly understood, largely because of a lack of observations. To determine the temporal variability of SAMW in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean, we used a 15 year time series of repeat expendable bathythermograph sections from 1993 to 2007, seven repeat conductivity-temperature-depth sections from 1991 to 2001, and sea surface height maps. The mean temperature of the SAMW lies between 8.5°C and 9.5°C (mean of 8.8°C, standard deviation of 0.3°C), and there is no evidence of a trend over the 18 year record. However, the temperature, salinity, and pycnostad strength of the SAMW can change abruptly from section to section. In addition, the SAMW pool on a single section often consists of two or more modes with distinct temperature, salinity, and vertical homogeneity characteristics but similar density. We show that the multiple types of mode water can be explained by the advection of anomalous water from eddies and meanders of the fronts bounding the Subantarctic Zone and by recirculation of SAMW of different ages. Our results suggest that infrequently repeated sections can potentially produce misleading results because of aliasing of high interannual variability.
Exploiting Cropping Management to Improve Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Drylands of Eastern Uganda

A remarkable challenge lies in maximizing agricultural water productivity, particularly in the drought prone regions of sub Saharan Africa. It is hypothesized that water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased by selection of appropriate cropping management systems. This study seeks to establish the effects of cropping management on water use efficiency in cassava-sorghum cropping systems in the drylands of eastern Uganda. A randomised complete block design (RCBD) consisting of six treatments: sole cassava, sole sorghum, sole cowpea, cassava + sorghum, cassava + cowpea, and sorghum + cowpea, replicated three times were used. Two tillage practices; mouldboard ploughing (Mb) and, ripping (Rp) were used to assess the effect of tillage. WUE (kg ha-1 mm-1) was calculated as a ratio of yield (kg ha-1) to evapotranspiration (ET) (mm). ET was estimated using the soil water balance. WUE varied significantly (? = 0.05) between cropping systems with the highest observed in cassava (34.38 kg ha-1 mm-1) while the lowest was 3.76 kg ha-1 mm-1 for sorghum. WUE did not differ appreciably in both Mb and Rp tillage practices. Farmers growing sole cassava could use either of the tillage practices. The best yield was recorded in cassava + cowpea cropping system under Mb ploughing and sole sorghum under Rp gave the poorest combined yield (1,676 kg ha-1).
Robust Multistage Decision Making

Testifying to more than 10 years of academic and practical developments, this tutorial attempts to provide a succinct yet unified view of the robust multistage decisionmaking framework. In particular, the reader should better understand (1) the distinction between static versus fully or partially adjustable decisions, (2) the root of tractability issues, (3) the connection to robust dynamic programming, (4) some motivation for using simple policies, especially in terms of optimality, (5) how time consistency issues can arise, and (6) some relevant applications.
Temporal 3D ConvNets Using Temporal Transition Layer

The work in this paper is driven by the question how to exploit the temporal cues available in videos for their accurate classification, and for human action recognition in particular? Thus far, the vision community has focused on spatio-temporal approaches with fixed temporal convolution kernel depths. We introduce a new temporal layer that models variable temporal convolution kernel depths. We embed this new temporal layer in our proposed 3D CNN. We extend the DenseNet architecture which normally is 2D with 3D filters and pooling kernels. We name our proposed video convolutional network ‘Temporal 3D ConvNet’ (T3D) and its new temporal layer ‘Temporal Transition Layer’ (TTL). Our experiments show that T3D outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods on the HMDB51, UCF101 and Kinetics datasets.
Bimodal pollination system in rare endemic Oncocyclus irises (Iridaceae) of Lebanon

Pollination systems based on indirect rewards, such as heat and shelter, have seldom been studied. Plant–pollinator interactions were characterized in Iris cedretii Dinsmore ex Chaudhary and Iris sofarana subsp. kasruwana Dinsmore ex Chaudhary, rare endemic Lebanese Oncocyclus irises exhibiting potential adaptation to shelter pollination. Despite a diversity of floral visitors (47 species), only two groups of Anthophoridae male bees (Xylocopa spp. and Eucera spp.) could be considered as efficient pollinators on the basis of frequency of visits, visiting behaviour, and pollen load. Lebanese Oncocyclus irises showed a bimodal pollination system with (1) diurnal visits at low rates but with potentially large pollen transfers by Xylocopa bees, exhibiting a foraging-like behaviour, principally during warm periods of the day and (2) sheltering, especially Eucera male bees, during night and day when the weather is changeable. Refuge occurrence in flowers was more important during the night (27%) than during the .
Effect of Different Diets on Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency in Early Weaned Piglets

In this study the effects of different diets on the survival, growth performance, and feed efficiency of early weaned piglets were investigated. In this study, 96 crossbred piglets obtained from uncontrolled interbreeding of Bulgarian Large White, Large Black, and Turopolje for many years, which had weaned at the age of 28 days, were used and they were grouped equally to form one control and 2 experimental groups. Each group was fed with a different protein diet for 4 weeks: the first group was fed sunflower meal (SFM), the second group was fed soybean meal (SBM), and the control group was fed kitchen wastes. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was determined among the groups for survival rate and average daily feed intake with different diets. In the study, the first experimental group that was fed sunflower meal reached to the maximum value with regard to growth performance (5.298g) whereas the piglets in the control group had the minimum live weight value (4.252 g) (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and feed efficiency of the experimental groups were higher than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feed intake among the groups, yet feed efficiency, average daily gain (ADG), and growth performance values were higher for experimental groups compared to the control.
Current antimicrobials used for edible films and coatings development

Edible films and coatings can act as carriers of different kind of antimicrobials. Their effectiveness depends on the nature and type of the hydrocolloid used in the structural matrix, the antimicrobial agent employed, the physiochemical characteristics of the product to be protected and its own interactions. This mini-review focuses on the three main groups of antimicrobials currently used for edible films and coatings development: essential oils, organic acids and bacteriocins. LAE, ovotransferrin, lactoferrin or lactoperoxidase system are found among other minor antimicrobials not included in this mini-review.
Analysing the Multi-class Imbalanced Datasets using Boosting Methods and Relevant Information

The class imbalance is the major problem for the real-world application because in the presence of the imbalanced datasets the performance of the standard learning algorithms are severely hindered. Normally, it is difficult to handle the multi-class imbalance problem than the binary class imbalance problem. Still now there are different techniques to accept the challenges of the multi-class imbalance datasets and this is the discussion points for this paper. The different kinds of multi-class imbalanced datasets and five types of Boosting methods are taken and by using the KEEL repository, an experimental analysis is shown.
Investigating the Role of a Natural RecA Mutation on BCG-Russia Vaccine Properties

The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) control. Although effective in preventing disseminated forms of TB in children, its efficacy in preventing pulmonary TB in adults is highly variable. BCG-Russia, one of the most widely used substrains to produce the vaccine, is a natural RecA mutant. Whether the presence of functional RecA affects the virulence and efficacy of BCG-Russia remain unknown. Here I show that a recombinant BCG-Russia expressing functional RecA, rBCG-RecA, is more attenuated than its parental counterpart in SCID mice and this difference is due to slower growth within the animals. I also demonstrate that rBCG-RecA confers equivalent protection against M. tb challenge as the parental strain in guinea pigs with similar bacterial burden in the organs. Taken together, the presence of RecA in BCG-Russia allows for a safer yet equally protective vaccine. This work provides new insight to future TB vaccine design.
Supplying the wildlife trade as a livelihood strategy in a biodiversity hotspot

Much of the global wildlife trade is sourced from biodiversity-rich developing countries. These often have high levels of poverty and habitat loss, particularly in rural areas where many depend on natural resources. However, wildlife collection may incentivize local people to conserve habitats that support their livelihoods. Here we examined the contribution of the commercial collection of live animals to rural livelihoods in Madagascar, one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots. Using questionnaires, we investigated the prevalence, profitability relative to other livelihood activities, and local importance of the trade, and its capacity to provide incentives for conservation. Thirteen percent of households were engaged in live animal collection in the study area (~5% trapped reptiles and amphibians and the remainder trapped invertebrates). This formed part of a diverse livelihood strategy, and was more profitable than other activities (in terms of returns per unit of effort), with median earnings of ~US$100 per season (~25% of Gross National Income per year). However, trapping was part-time, usually undertaken by poorer members of the community, and often perceived as opportunistic, risky, and financially unreliable. Further, trappers and nontrappers held similar perceptions regarding conservation, suggesting wildlife trade currently does not incentivize enhanced stewardship of traded species and their habitats. Our study brings together a range of methodologies to present the most comprehensive insights into livelihoods and conservation in poor rural communities involved in the commercial collection of live animals to supply international trade. This improved understanding of the wider socioeconomic dimensions of wildlife trade can inform policy and management interventions for both the threats and opportunities associated with global trade in biodiversity both in Madagascar and more generally.
Investigation of Gene and Microsatellite Heterozygosities Correlated to Growth Rate in the Chinese Meishan Pig

A total of 130 Chinese Meishan piglets were scored for their genotypes at five gene loci and five microsatellite loci. The average gene heterozygosity was 0.3338 and the average microsatellite heterozygosity was 0.2954, and the heterozygosity of the overall ten loci was 0.3146. The data of birth weight (BW) and body weight on day 35 (W35) were collected, average daily gain (ADG) for each individual was computed as the slope from the regression of weight on age. There was no significant correlation between individual heterozygosity and birth weight (p>0.05). Significant regressions were observed between ADG and the heterozygosity of loci (p<0.01). Similar results were observed in W35 and loci heterozygosity (p<0.01). Heterozygosity at these ten loci explained 43.62% of the total variation in ADG and 45.48% in W35. Significant correlations existed not only in the function of gene loci but also in neutral microsatellite loci, so it indicated that associative overdominance affected piglet growth significantly. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005.
Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical investigation of dinuclear tetrazolato-bridged rhenium complexes

Starting from anionic tetrazole-based ligands, namely, 5-(4′-cyanophenyl)tetrazolate and 5-(4′-pyridyl)tetrazolate, mononuclear and dinuclear complexes of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)]+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were prepared and characterized. For the mononuclear complexes, regioselective coordination of the metal fragments on the negatively charged tetrazolato ring is exclusively obtained. Coordination to the benzonitrile and pyridine groups was achieved by previous alkylation of the tetrazole ring. Dinuclear complexes were obtained by treatment of the corresponding mononuclear tetrazole-bound complexes with fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(THF)]+. The second rhenium fragment coordinated either to the pyridine ring or, in the case of the benzonitrile ligand, to the tetrazole ring. The electrochemical properties were probed in an imidazolium ionic liquid, highlighting reduction processes centered on the phen ligand and oxidation processes localized on the metal. The photophysical properties of the complexes are characterized.
Conformal Euler-Lagrange Mechanical Equations on Contact 5-Manifolds

The differential geometry of surfaces captures many of the key ideas and techniques characteristic of this field. Contact geometry is the odd-dimensional analogue of symplectic geometry in differential geometry. It is close to symplectic geometry and like the latter it originated in questions of classical and analytical mechanics. Contact geometry has, as does symplectic geometry, broad applications in mathematical physics, geometrical optics, classical mechanics, analytical mechanics, mechanical systems, thermodynamics, geometric quantization and applied mathematics such as control theory. A conformal map is a function that preserves angles locally. Conformal mapping is extremely important in complex analysis, as well as in many areas of physics and engineering. The Lagrangian mechanics was time ago expressed in the language of symplectic geometr. It is well known that one way of solving problems in classical mechanics is with the help of the EulerLagrange equations. In this study, conformal Euler-Lagrange mechanical equations as representing the motion of the object, we found on contact 5-manifolds. Also, implicit solutions of the differential equations found in this study are solved by Maple computation program and implicit graphs were drawn for the special value of closed function.
Supplementation of Heit-Chrose into Dairy Cow Feed Improves in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Heit-Chrose (HC) supplementation using in vitro method on ruminal fermentation of dairy cattle. HC is a feed supplement containing allicin, saponin and organic minerals ( Se , Cr and Zn). This research was conducted using completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were : 1). C = dairy cattle feed (CP 15.38%, CF 23.38%, TDN 61.26%); 2). HC-0 = C+ organic minerals (0.3 ppm Se + 0.15 ppm Cr + 40 ppm Zinc-lysinat) + 0 ppm of HC; 3). HC-15= C + 15 ppm HC; 4). HC-30 =C+ 30 ppm of HC; 5). HC-45 =C+ 45 ppm of HC; 6). HC-60 =C + 60 ppm of HC. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS program. HC supplementation increased the DMD, OMD, VFA, but reduced total gas, methane and protozoa count. HC supplementation greater than 30 ppm did not further improve ruminal fermentation. Supplementation at 30 ppm of HC to dairy cow feed was the appropriate level to improve the efficiency of rumen fermentation.
DOE STANDARD APPLYING THE ALARA PROCESS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION OF THE PUBLIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE WITH 10 PART AND DOE 5400.5 ALARA PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

ALARA means "As Low As is Reasonably Achievable" which is an approach used for radiation protection to manage and 1 control exposures (both individual and collective to the work force and to the general public) and releases of radioactive material to the environment so that the levels are as low as is reasonable taking into account social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations. As used in 10 CFR Part 834, ALARA is not a dose limit, but rather a process which has the objective of attaining doses as far below the applicable limit of this part as is reasonably achievable. DOE is in the process of completing review of dose to risk conversion factors including the recommendations of BEIR V, 8 BEIR IV, UNSCEAR 88, and ICRP Publication 60 (1990) in order to recommend a general value to use to compare effective dose equivalent to health effects in environmental analyses. In the interim, a factor of 5 fatal cancers per 10,000 person-rem may be used for doses in the range of, and below, the DOE dose limit. The value is within the range of values that the new data would suggest and equivalent to the value used by EPA in recent regulations (EPA 1989). The ICRP recommendations include life-shortening as a significant factors of health-detriment. The ICRP-60 recommendations have not received consensus acceptance among Federal agencies. To select the optimum radiological protection system, it is necessary to define, evaluate the performance, and cost 22 several candidate systems which range from the most rudimentary to the more technological sophisticated system. When the several candidate systems are considered, the ALARA process will identify the optimum system. If only two systems are evaluated, the only finding to be made is whether the change from the first system to the second system is cost effective or not. There is a vast difference between the two applications, with economic savings favoring the optimization. This may be obvious when considering a typical waste stream which will be discharged to the environment. The most rudimentary treatment can be expected to remove a significant fraction of the contaminant and cost relatively little. Further removal efforts will be less and less effective because there is less and less contaminant remaining in the waste stream and the more sophisticated removal components will be more and more costly. The ALARA process will indicate the choice of the several candidate systems which will result in the minimal total cost, e.g., optimization.
Systematic long‐term comparison of spectral UV measurements and UVSPEC modeling results

For the evaluation of radiative transfer models and for investigations on the influence of parameters like aerosols or clouds on ground level UV irradiance, a combination of spectral measurements and model calculations is required. We show an efficient method for such a combination and present a systematic comparison of the freely available UVSPEC radiative transfer model package with two years of spectrally resolved measurements made at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (47.48°N, 11.07°E, 730 m above sea level) for cloudless sky and low albedo. More than 1200 spectra have been used for the comparison, covering a wide range of ozone and aerosol conditions. Applying the PSEUDO-SPHERICAL model type, a discrete ordinate model with correction for the sphericity of the Earth, the systematic differences between measurement and model were found to range between −11 and +2% for wavelengths between 295 and 400 nm and solar zenith angles up to 80°. The small observed statistical differences of 2–3% can mostly be explained by the random error of the measurement system. Only two input parameters, total ozone column and aerosol optical depth, the latter parameterized by the Angstrom formula, are required to reach this level of agreement. It was further found that knowledge of the aerosol optical depth is essential for obtaining such a good agreement. The evaluated UVSPEC model package, together with the presented interface SDMODEL, provides an efficient tool for the investigation of the processes that control surface UV irradiance.
How Does Market Making Affect Industrial Relations? Evidence from Eight German Hospitals

The introduction of market mechanisms matters for industrial relations. In the German hospital sector, national liberalization policies have put immense pressure on local management and worker representatives and led to the growth of a low-wage sector. In case studies of eight hospitals, we find some locales where market making has led to union revitalization and mobilization, but this effect varies. Using an eight-way comparison, we infer a configuration of three aspects of the local political economy — labour markets, politics and co-determination rules — that together provide a well-fitting explanation for both variation and change.
The Cultural Logic of Photo-Based Meme Genres

This article probes the cultural meaning of contemporary meme genres that are based on photographs. The analysis looks into the broad dimensions of truth and temporality, as expressed in three prominent genres: reaction Photoshops, stock character macros, and photo fads. Based on patterns shared by these genres, it is argued that photo-based memes function as both modes of hypersignification, wherein the code itself becomes the focus of attention, and as prospective photography, wherein photos are increasingly perceived as the raw material for future images. Finally, combining the two frames, memes are conceptualized as operative signs – textual categories that are designed as invitations for (creative) action. While these three qualities were also evident, in one way or another, in traditional forms of photography, they have emerged as governing logics in an era marked by an amalgamation of digital photography and participatory culture.