Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Der erste Krampfanfall im Kindesalter – was tun?

Zsuammenfassung Epileptische Anfälle sind im Kindesalter ein häufiges Symptom. Das Rezidivrisiko, nach einem ersten unprovozierten epileptischen Anfall einen weiteren Anfall zu erleiden, liegt zwischen 25% und 70%. Angemessene diagnostische Schritte, eine kompetente Beratung zur Prognose und die adäquate Therapie zum richtigen Zeitpunkt sind nur möglich, wenn ein erster Anfall richtig eingeordnet wird. Dies gelingt in knapp 50% der Fälle allein aus der Anamnese ohne EEG. Normalerweise ist danach die Durchführung eines Wach-EEG ausreichend. Bildgebende Diagnostik ist kein zwingender Bestandteil der Untersuchungen nach einem ersten generalisierten zerebralen Anfall. Ein erster unprovozierter, unkomplizierter, generalisierter Anfall bei einem normal entwickelten Kind mit unauffälligem EEG hat eine gute Prognose mit einem Rezidivrisiko von nur 25%. Er erfordert primär keine antikonvulsive Dauertherapie. Das Rezidivrisiko verdoppelt sich auf über 50%, wenn auch nur einer von mehreren Risikofaktoren vorliegt. Im Kindesalter wird üblicherweise erst nach dem zweiten (oder gegebenenfalls dritten) Anfall eine antikonvulsive Therapie begonnen. Dieses Vorgehen ist durch die relativ gute Prognose zu rechtfertigen und dadurch, dass der Nachweis einer signifikanten Verbesserung des Verlaufs durch eine Frühtherapie fehlt.
A Molecular Model for Representing Protein Structures and Its Application to Protein Folding

The protein folding problem is a central issue in Bioinformatics. It still represents a challenge for both Biology and Computer Science. Proteins are composed by up to hundreds of amino acids, each one with tenths of atoms. In general, a full representation of such structure and its interacting elements precludes computational simulations. This work proposes a molecular model for representing protein structures. This new model preserves some physico-chemical properties of the original protein and is aimed at allowing efficient computational simulations. A simulation of the model using a multiagents system is reported. Results so far suggest the adequacy of the proposed model for representing protein structures and their folding process with a reasonable complexity and suitable expressiveness.
Research and Development of Interstitial Compounds

The interstitial rare earth-iron compounds exhibiting a variety of magnetocrystalline anisotropies, large saturation magnetization, and high Curie temperature provide the basis for high-performance magnetic materials. In this paper, a manufacturing process for mass production of anisotropic magnetic powders has been successfully developed for Nd(Fe, M)12N (NdFeN) and Sm2Fe17N3 (SmFeN) compounds with uniaxial anisotropy. The magnetic powders of Nd(Fe, M)12N have maximum energy products [(BH)max] around 22 MGOe. The calendar magnets of NdFeN show the rolling anisotropy and have a (BH)max up to 5.9 MGOe with excellent mechanical properties and good anticorrosion ability. The (BH)max of SmFeN magnetic powders is up to 41 MGOe, which is favorable for fabricating high-performance injection magnets and extrusion magnets. On the other hand, it was found that cone or planar anisotropic R2Fe17Nx (R = Ce, Pr, Nd) and paraffin composites can improve the Snoek limit and exhibit a high microwave reflection loss of up to -35 dB at about 14 GHz, presenting an advantage for application as a high-performance thin-layer microwave absorber. These results open up broad prospects for technological applications using interstitial modified compounds.
Use of the PFA‐100™ closure time to predict cardiovascular events in aspirin‐treated cardiovascular patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Summary. Background: PFA‐100™ is a point‐of‐care assay that evaluates platelet reactivity in high‐shear‐stress conditions by measuring the closure time (CT) of a membrane aperture. When determined with a collagen/epinephrine cartridge (CEPI), the CT is usually prolonged by aspirin. Studies of the predictive value of a short PFA‐100™CTCEPI for ischemic events in aspirin‐treated patients have given variable results. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies on the clinical predictive value of a short PFA‐100™CTCEPI in aspirin‐treated cardiovascular patients. Patients and methods: Relevant studies were identified by scanning electronic databases. Studies were selected if they included aspirin‐treated patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis, measured the PFA‐100™CTCEPI, used a CT cut‐off value to define aspirin ‘responders’ and ‘non‐responders’, and reported ischemic events. Results: We selected seven non‐prospective studies (1466 patients) and eight prospective studies (1227 patients). In non‐prospective studies, the PFA‐100™CTCEPI was performed after the ischemic clinical endpoint, and a publication bias was identified. In prospective studies, the global odds ratio (OR) for the recurrence of an ischemic event in ‘aspirin non‐responders’ relative to ‘aspirin responders’ was 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–3.4, P < 0.001]. Pooled analysis with a random effect model revealed no heterogeneity (Q Cochran P = 0.36 and I2 = 9.4%). Conclusions: A short PFA‐100™CTCEPI is associated with increased recurrence of ischemic events in aspirin‐treated cardiovascular patients. This finding needs to be confirmed in stable ischemic patients, and the PFA‐100™CTCEPI cut‐off needs to be refined in these patients.
An engineered intersubunit disulfide enhances the stability and DNA binding of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor.

Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to replace Tyr-88 at the dimer interface of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor with cysteine. Computer model building had suggested that this substitution would allow formation of an intersubunit disulfide without disruption of the dimer structure [Pabo, C. O. , & Suchanek, E. G. (1986) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. We find that the Cys-88 protein forms a disulfide-bonded dimer that is very stable to reduction by dithiothreitol and has increased operator DNA binding activity. The covalent Cys88-Cys88' dimer is also considerably more stable than the wild-type protein to thermal denaturation or urea denaturation. As a control, Tyr-85 was replaced with cysteine. A Cys85-Cys85' disulfide cannot form without disrupting the wild-type structure, and we find that this disulfide bond reduces the DNA binding activity and stability of the N-terminal domain.
Atomic decay data for modeling the Al K lines

Radiative and Auger decay data have been calculated for modeling the K lines of the aluminum isonuclear sequence, from Al 0 up to Al 11+ . Level energies, transition wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and radiative and Auger widths were determined using Cowan’s Hartree-Fock with relativistic corrections (HFR) method. Results are compared with data sets computed with the AUTOSTRUCTURE and GRASP atomic structure codes and with available experimental and theoretical values, mainly in highly ionized ions and in the solid state.
The primary health care non-team?

Is the primary health care team a myth? Teams can be defined in a variety of ways—whether as “beasts of burden yoked together” (Oxford English Dictionary) or “a small group of people who relate to each other to contribute to a common goal. ”1 Successive governments and professional organisations have advocated the creation and maintenance of “the primary health care team. ”2 3 4 5 Teamwork in primary care, it is suggested, is the way forward, and by implication, the way to achieve high quality care for patients. But what is the evidence for this and what are we aspiring to? Do we have teams or non-teams? The literature yields few empirical data on the topic. Work in Newcastle upon Tyne indicated some consensus among practitioners regarding core participants, who generally include medical, nursing, and reception staff.6 But much less agreement exists regarding membership of the extended team—members are drawn in as necessity dictates. Some of the variation in composition may be attributable to differing definitions of the team, depending on whether shared function, employment status, or clinical practice is its defining characteristic. Gregson and her colleagues looked at the collaboration of doctor-nurse pairs and concluded that factors such as a shared base (for example, in a health centre) and stable attachment were important in encouraging such collaboration.7 More recently the same unit has described some of the misunderstandings and mismatches of perception among members in 20 practices in Northumberland.8 This confusion reflects the experience of many practitioners for whom teamwork …
Risks and complications in assisted reproduction techniques: Report of an ESHRE consensus meeting.

Assisted reproduction technique (ART) is an efficacious treatment in subfertile couples. So far little attention has been paid to the safety of ART, i.e. to its adverse events and complications. The consensus meeting on Risks and Complications in ART held in Maastricht in May 2002 focused on four topics: multiple pregnancies, long-term effects of ART on women, effects of ART on offspring, and morbidity/mortality registries.
An integrated design scheme of dynamic scheduling and control for networked control systems based on dynamic dwell time

In this paper, an integrated design scheme of dynamic scheduling and control for a class of networked control systems with communication constraints and random time delay is proposed based on dynamic dwell time. First, the node communication sequence for networked control systems with communication constraints is pre-determined by the periodical scheduling strategy, then the system can be modeled as a class of discrete-time switched systems with uncertainties, and the scheduling strategy based on performance function and dynamic dwell time determines the switching time instant. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov theory and LMI technique the controller gain and the dwell time condition is determined to ensure the stability of the system. This scheme can not only guarantee fast convergence of the system states, but also reduce the switching frequency of the system to some extent. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Contracting modules and standard monomial theory for symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras

Let G be a reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k. We fix a Borel subgroup B, and for a dominant weight λ let Lλ be the associated line bundle on the generalized flag variety G/B. In a series of articles, Lakshmibai, Musili and Seshadri initiated a program to construct a basis for the space H0(G/B,Lλ) with some particularly nice geometric properties. The purpose of the program is to extend the Hodge-Young standard monomial theory for the group SL(n) to the case of any semisimple algebraic group and, more generally, to Kac-Moody algebras. We refer to [3], [7], [10], [14] for a survey of the subject and applications. We provide a new approach which completes the program and which avoids the case by case considerations of the earlier articles. In fact, the method works for all symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras. The most important tools we need in our approach are the combinatorial language of the path model of a representation [11], [12], and quantum groups at a root of unity. Let Uv(g) be the quantum group associated to G at an `-th root of unity v. We use the quantum Frobenius map [15] to “contract” certain Uv(g)-modules so that they become G-modules. The corresponding map between the dual spaces can be seen as a kind of splitting of the power map H(G/B,Lλ) → H(G/B,L`λ), s 7→ s. For simplicity let us assume we are in the simply laced case. Let Vλ be the Weyl module of G of highest weight λ, and let Mλ be the corresponding Weyl module of Uv(g). There is a canonical way to attach a tensor product bπ := bν1 ⊗ . ⊗ bν` of extremal weight vectors bνj ∈ M∗ λ to each L-S path π of shape λ [11] for an appropriate ` (recall that an L-S path can be characterized by a collection of extremal weights and rational numbers). To construct a basis of H0(G/B,Lλ) = V ∗ λ , we use the contraction map to embed Vλ into (Mλ) ⊗`. Denote by pπ the image of bπ in V ∗ λ under the dual map (M ∗ λ) ⊗` → V ∗ λ . We show that the vectors pπ, π an L-S path of shape λ, form a basis of V ∗ λ . Further, the `-th power pπ ∈ H0(G/B,L`λ) is a product of extremal weight vectors pν1 · · · pν` , pνi ∈ H0(G/B,Lλ), plus a linear combination of elements which are “bigger” in some partial order. The basis given by the pπ is compatible with the restriction map H0(G/B,Lλ) → H0(X,Lλ) to a Schubert variety X , and it has the “standard monomial property”.
Reaction of antimalarial endoperoxides with specific parasite proteins

The endoperoxides are a new class of antimalarial agents, of which artemisinin (qinghaosu) is the prototype. We have previously shown that artemisinin is capable of alkylating proteins in model reactions. In the present study, we showed that when Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes are treated with a radiolabeled antimalarial endoperoxide, either arteether, dihydroartemisinin, or Ro 42-1611 (arteflene), the radioactivity is largely coverted into a form which can be extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Autoradiograms of SDS-polyacrylamide gels showed that six malarial proteins are radioactively labeled by the three endoperoxides. This labeling occurs at physiological concentrations of drug and is not stage nor strain specific. The labeled proteins were not the most abundant proteins seen on Coomassie-stained gels. No proteins were labeled when uninfected erythrocytes were treated with these drugs, nor when infected erythrocytes were treated with the inactive analog deoxyarteether. Thus, the antimalarial endoperoxides appear to react with specific malarial proteins.
Size of the Great White Shark (Carcharodon)

The maximum length of 36.5 feet (11.1 meters) attributed to the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) by G�nther and others is a mistake. Examination of the jaws and teeth of the specimen referred to by G�nther and comparison with the jaws of white sharks of known length revealed a length of about 17 feet (∼5 meters). The largest white shark reliably measured was a 21-foot (6.4-meter) individual from Cuba. Bites on whale carcasses found off southern Australia suggest that white sharks as long as 25 or 26 feet (7 � or 8 meters) exist today. The size of extinct Carcharodon has also been grossly exaggerated. Based on a projection of a curve of tooth size of Recent Carcharodon carcharias, the largest fossil Carcharodon were about 43 feet (∼13 meters) long.
Visualizing and Understanding Stochastic Depth Networks

In this paper, we understand, analyze, and visualize Stochastic Depth Networks, an architecture introduced in March of 2016. Stochastic Depth Networks have enjoyed interest as a result of their significant reduction in training time while beating the then state of the art in accuracy. However, while Stochastic Depth Networks have delivered exceptional results, no academic paper has sought to understand the source of their performance or their limitations. In providing an analysis of Stochastic Depth Networks’ representations, error types, and strengths and weaknesses, we conduct seven experiments: t-SNE on layer activations, weight activations, maximally activated images, guided backpropagation, dead neuron counting, robustness to input noise, and linear classifier probes. By specifically comparing and contrasting Stochastic Depth Networks with Fixed Depth Networks (standard residual networks), we discover that Stochastic Depth Networks have a faster training time, a lower test error, similar clustering of data, and more strongly differentiated weight activations.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome Shuffling through Recursive Population Mating Leads to Improved Tolerance to Spent Sulfite Liquor

ABSTRACT Spent sulfite liquor (SSL) is a waste effluent from sulfite pulping that contains monomeric sugars which can be fermented to ethanol. However, fermentative yeasts used for the fermentation of the sugars in SSL are adversely affected by the inhibitory substances in this complex feedstock. To overcome this limitation, evolutionary engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was carried out using genome-shuffling technology based on large-scale population cross mating. Populations of UV-light-induced yeast mutants more tolerant than the wild type to hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HWSSL) were first isolated and then recursively mated and enriched for more-tolerant populations. After five rounds of genome shuffling, three strains were isolated that were able to grow on undiluted HWSSL and to support efficient ethanol production from the sugars therein for prolonged fermentation of HWSSL. Analyses showed that greater HWSSL tolerance is associated with improved viability in the presence of salt, sorbitol, peroxide, and acetic acid. Our results showed that evolutionary engineering through genome shuffling will yield robust yeasts capable of fermenting the sugars present in HWSSL, which is a complex substrate containing multiple sources of inhibitors. These strains may not be obtainable through classical evolutionary engineering and can serve as a model for further understanding of the mechanism behind simultaneous tolerance to multiple inhibitors.
The Type III Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Preferentially Transmits Apoptotic Ca2+ Signals into Mitochondria*

There are three isoforms of the inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R), each of which has a distinct effect on Ca2+ signaling. However, it is not known whether each isoform similarly plays a distinct role in the activation of Ca2+-mediated events. To investigate this question, we examined the effects of each InsP3R isoform on transmission of Ca2+ signals to mitochondria and induction of apoptosis. Each isoform was selectively silenced using isoform-specific small interfering RNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which express all three InsP3R isoforms. ATP-induced cytosolic Ca2+ signaling patterns were altered, regardless of which isoform was silenced, but in a different fashion depending on the isoform. ATP also induced Ca2+ signals in mitochondria, which were inhibited more effectively by silencing the type III InsP3R than by silencing either the type I or type II isoform. The type III isoform also co-localized most strongly with mitochondria. When apoptosis was induced by activation of either the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathway, induction was reduced most effectively by silencing the type III InsP3R. These findings provide evidence that the type III isoform of the InsP3R plays a special role in induction of apoptosis by preferentially transmitting Ca2+ signals into mitochondria.
Executive dysfunction and its association with personality and behaviour changes in the development of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome and mild to moderate learning disabilities.

BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by changes in personality/behaviour and executive dysfunction that are more prominent than deterioration in episodic memory. This study examines the relationship between executive dysfunction and the clinical and preclinical features of AD in DS. To determine the specificity of this relationship, performance on executive function (EF) measures is contrasted with performance on memory measures. METHODS One hundred and three people with DS (mean age 49 years, range 36-72) with mild to moderate learning disabilities (LD) took part. Dementia diagnosis was based on the CAMDEX informant interview conducted with each participant's main carer. Reported changes in personality/behaviour and memory were recorded. Participants completed six EF and six memory measures (two of which also had a strong executive component) and the BPVS (as a measure of general intellectual ability). First, performance was compared between those with and without established dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), controlling for age and LD severity using ANCOVA. Next, the degree to which informant-reported changes predicted cognitive test performance was examined within the non-DAT group using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS The DAT group (N=25) showed a consistent pattern of impaired performance relative to the non-DAT group (N=78), across all measures. Within the non-DAT group, number of informant-reported personality/behaviour changes was a significant predictor of performance on two EF and two 'executive memory' tests (but not on episodic memory tests). Informant-reported memory changes, however, were associated with impaired performance on a delayed recall task only. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence for a specific impairment in frontal-lobe functioning in the preclinical stages of AD in DS. Implications for the assessment, diagnosis, and management of dementia in DS are discussed.
The tracking control of second-order multi-agent systems with time-delays

This paper is devoted to the consensus problem of the second-order multi-agent with leader and time-delays. By applying the frequency-domain method, some sufficient conditions for consensus of systems are given. And the upper bound of time-delays is deduced, which depends on the largest eigenvalue of the sum matrix of Laplacian matrix and the adjacency matrix between leader and followers. Finally, the effectiveness of conclusion is verified through the numerical simulation experiments.
Congestive heart failure patients’ perceptions of quality of life: the integration of physical and psychosocial factors

Congestive heart failure (CHF) lowers survival and worsens the quality of life (QOL) of over four million older Americans. Both clinicians and standardized instruments used to assess the QOL of patients with CHF focus primarily on physical symptoms rather than capturing the full range of psychosocial concerns. The purpose of this study was to gather descriptions of the components of QOL as understood by patients living with CHF. Focus groups were conducted with patients with known CHF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I–IV, and left ventricular fraction of <40%. Focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and reviewed for common and recurrent themes using the methods of constant comparisons. We conducted three focus groups (n = 15) stratified by NYHA stage with male patients ranging in age from 47–82 years of age. Five patients were classified with NYHA stage III/IV and ten with NYHA stage I/II. Thirty attributes of QOL were identified which fell into five broad domains: symptoms, role loss, affective response, coping, and social support. Expectedly, patients reported the importance of physical symptoms; however, participants also identified concern for family, the uncertainty of prognosis, and cognitive function as dimensions of QOL. Changes in patients’ lives attributed to CHF were not always considered deficiencies; rather, methods of coping with CHF were identified as important attributes representing possible opportunities for personal growth. Clinicians must understand the full range of concerns affecting the QOL of their older patients with CHF. The findings suggest that psychosocial aspects and patient uncertainty about their prognosis are important components of QOL among CHF patients.