Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marine reserve designation, trophic cascades and altered community dynamics

Marine ecosystems and their associated populations are increasingly at risk from the cumulative impacts of many anthropogenic threats that increase the likelihood of species extinc- tion and altered community dynamics. In response, marine reserves can be used to protect exploited species and conserve biodiversity. The increased abundance of predatory species in marine reserves may cause indirect effects along chains of multi-trophic interactions. These trophic cascades can arise through direct predation, density-mediated indirect interactions (DMIIs), or indirect behavioural effects, termed trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs). The extent of algal cover and the abundance of 4 primary consumers were determined in Lough Hyne, which was designated Europe's first marine nature reserve in 1981. The primary consumers were the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the topshell Gibbula cineraria, the oyster Anomia ephippium, and the scallop Chlamys varia. The abundances of 3 starfish species (Marthasterias glacialis, Aste- rias rubens, and Asterina gibbosa) were also determined, as were 2 potential crustacean preda- tors, Necora puber and Carcinus maenas. These data were compared with historical data from a 1962 (prey) and a 1963 (predator) survey to determine the nature of community interactions over adjacent trophic levels. The present study reveals a breakdown in population structure of the 4 surveyed prey species. Marine reserve designation has led to an increase in predatory crabs and M. glacialis, a subsequent decrease in primary consumers, especially the herbivore P. lividus, and an increase in macroalgal cover which is indicative of a trophic cascade. The study shows that establishing a Marine Reserve does not guarantee that conservation benefits will be distributed equally.
Elicitation of peroxidase activity in genetically transformed root cultures of Beta vulgaris L.

Genetically transformed roots of red beet produce copious levels of peroxidase (POD) - a multifunctional enzyme with a number of commercial applications. In an effort to elicit the POD activity, the cultures were treated with biotic elicitors such as dry cell powders of microbial cultures (0.1-0.5% w/v) and the respective culture filtrates (1-5% v/v). Similarly, abiotic elicitors, particularly metal ions (2-8 folds of that present in the nutrient medium), the plant hormone Thidiazuron (at 0.25-1 ppm) and other bio-molecules such as Glutathione (at 0.5-10 mM) and Methyl jasmonate (at 20-100 µM) were used. It was observed that dry cell powder of Candida versatilis significantly elicited the enzyme activity (3.52-fold higher than the control) followed by glutathione (3.44-fold) and Rhizophus oligosporus (3.09-fold) . Among abiotic elicitors, thidiazuron, Mg and Ca salts elicited 2.49, 3.03 and 2.8 fold activities respectively. While most of the biotic elicitors were effective when added on 15 th day of culture, the abiotic elicitors were effective when added on 20 th day. Combination of highly effective elicitors indicated that glutathione (1 mM) and dry cell powder of R. oligosporus caused a 4-fold enhancement in enzyme activity, accounting for 10.9 x 10 6 U L -1 . The present study is the first report on red beet hairy roots where a large number of elicitors have been systematically screened and their probable involvements in eliciting POD activities have been discussed.
Feature Dimensionality Reduction using a Dual Level Metaheuristic Algorithm

The need to reduce the curse of dimensionality has spurred active research in the field of pattern recognition and machine learning. High dimensional data culminates in redundant as well as discriminant features. A vast amount of related literature offered the use of pattern classification methods such as Neural Network, Adaboost, Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine, which adopts metaheuristics to extract important features from a pre-labelled training set. However, most of these individual metaheuristics algorithm are time and memory consuming when used to project the dataset into a lower subspace for subsequent classification. These drawbacks are reduced through a combination of two solution approaches whereby the strengths of two metaheuristics are brought together in a dual level algorithm. This research presents a dual level metaheuristic algorithm for feature dimensionality reduction using ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm at Level 1 and genetic algorithm (GA) at Level 2. The dimension of the features in a face dataset will be reduced by using ACO at Level 1 to extract the relevant facial features in the training dataset. The output obtained will be fed into GA at Level 2 to select the discriminant feature subset that becomes the optimized parameter used by support vector machine (SVM) for classification. The developed algorithm suggests that the combination of one or more nature inspired metaheuristic algorithm is crucial for obtaining a high performance optimizer for feature dimensionality reduction to solve the problem of classification.
Les thèmes de la contextualisation chez les visiteurs de musée

Malgre les nombreuses etudes effectuees sur le visiteur de musee, les donnees concernant l’experience vecue par ce dernier dans son contact avec l’objet et ce qui compte reellement pour lui dans sa demarche pour donner un sens a ce qu’il voit sont pratiquement inexistantes. Une recherche exploratoire et qualitative a ete menee dans le but de decouvrir quels sont les aspects de l’objet et du contact avec celui-ci qui entrent dans la contextualisation qu’effectuent les visiteurs ainsi que l’importance qu’ils accordent a chacun d’eux. Nous avons identifie dix themes autour desquels s’effectue la contextualisation. L’importance et la repartition de ceux-ci semblent relever d’un choix personnel de l’individu selon ses preoccupations et son style cognitif. La diversite de ces themes et la place qu’ils occupent dans la demarche des visiteurs viennent nuancer la vision par trop focalisee que certains auteurs ont eue jusqu’a ce jour sur ce phenomene. Il apparait egalement qu’une approche quantitative, bien qu’utile pour indiquer certaines tendances, ne peut rendre compte a elle seule de la portee reelle d’un theme dans la contextualisation. Although museum visitors have often been studied, we know little about their lived experience, or about how they make sense of what they see. This prelimi- nary qualitative study shows how museum visitors decide which features of objects they consider when putting those objects in context, and the relative importance of each feature. We found ten approaches that typify visitors’ ways of contextualizing. To what extent a visitor uses any one approach depends on her or his interests and cognitive style. The diversity of visitors’ responses ought to lead researchers to take a broad view of studies of museum education. Quanti- tative research, although helpful in pointing out patterns, cannot by itself account for people’s ways of contextualizing.
Contested communities: geo‐histories of unionism

– Despite being increasingly touted as the kind of fundamental transformation needed for union survival, “community unionism” is typically ill‐defined and poorly explained. This paper seeks to provide greater precision of terminology and context through a series of geographically‐informed historical studies. , – Through explaining and synthesising the work of a number of scholars from different disciplines, the paper develops a framework for a “geo‐historical” analysis. It begins not with community unionism as such but with a more open exploration of the relationship between unions and social formations at, for the most part, the local scale. Empirical material, based on original qualitative studies, is presented for one industry, Australian mining, across different places and time periods but concentrating most upon the iron ore regions in Western Australia where recent struggles over union renewal and form have been particularly intense. , – This paper argues two things about community unionism: that this union form is not without historical antecedents and, more importantly, that its structure, nature and prospects can be better understood if analysed through a number of concepts which geographers have recently developed to explore the intersections between work, community and employment relations. More needs to be done to explain not only the nature and emergence of community unionism but also the very real problems it faces in sustaining itself, let alone transforming union movements overall. The findings point to the varied forms which so‐called community unionism may take as well as to the challenges to its current forms, including from within the labour movement itself. , – The value of the paper lies in its theoretical innovation, drawing on a range of disciplines, and its attempt to situate community unionism precisely – conceptually, historically and geographically.
Innovative Energy Islands: Life-Cycle Cost-Benefit Analysis for Battery Energy Storage

Cities are concentrations of economic, social, and technical assets, which are fundamental to addressing climate change challenges. Renewable energy sources are growing fast in cities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in response to these challenges. In this transition urban decentralized energy shares technical and economic characteristics with energy islands. This is reflected in that island energy systems essentially operate off-grid which as a modus operandi can offer lessons to small-scale urban systems. With the expansion of urban areas, communities, especially small-scale ones, are sometimes further away from the main power infrastructure. Providing power supply to these communities would require significant investment to the existing power system, either to improve its grid infrastructure or power supply facilities. The energy islands have for some time now lent themselves to energy innovation including smart grid and battery storage applications. In this research we conceptualize that urban energy communities can be benefitted by knowledge transfer from energy islands in several fronts. We specifically put forward a life-cycle cost-benefit analysis model to evaluate the economics of battery storage system used in small communities from a life-cycle perspective. In this research we put forward a novel cost-benefit analysis model. Our results show that the inclusion of externalities can improve the economic value of battery systems significantly. Nevertheless, the economic performance is still largely dependent on several parameters, including capacity cost, discharging price, and charging cost. We conclude that existing electricity price structures (e.g., using household electricity price as a benchmark) struggle to guarantee sufficient economic returns except in very favorable circumstances; therefore, governmental support is deemed necessary.
Molecular Characterization of Sorghum Chlorotic Spot Virus, a Proposed Furovirus

Summary A virus morphologically and physicochemically similar to the type member of the furovirus group, wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (WSBMV), has been isolated from Sorghum bicolor and partially characterized. The virus, sorghum chlorotic spot virus (SCSV), causes symptoms which include distinct elongated chlorotic spots and ring spots as well as yellowing on systemically infected leaves of sorghum and inbred Zea mays lines. SCSV is mechanically transmissible to and produces symptoms on the inoculated leaves of Nicotiana clevelandii, Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. The virus is bipartite with two distinct rods, 20 nm in diameter and 260 and 140 nm in length. Virions are composed of a single 20·5K capsid protein and two non-homologous, non-polyadenylated, genomic RNAs of approx. 6·2 kb (M r 2·2 × 106) for RNA-1 and 3·5 kb (M r 1·2 × 106) for RNA-2. SCSV and WSBMV capsid proteins are serologically related as determined by Western blot and immunogold cytochemical analysis. Northern blot hybridizations indicated that there is no homology between SCSV RNA and WSBMV RNA under high stringency conditions. Unfractionated SCSV RNAs direct the synthesis of 180K, 170K, 110K, 50K, 42K, 25K and 20.5K polypeptides in vitro. The 110K, 25K and 20.5K products are immunoprecipitated by antiserum raised against SCSV capsid protein. Comparative in vitro translation analysis with WSBMV suggests that the SCSV capsid protein cistron resides on the 5′ terminus of RNA-2. A 1·8 kb cDNA clone was synthesized using SCSV RNA-2. T7 transcripts from this clone directed the synthesis of several polypeptides, none of which was immunoprecipitated by antiserum to the capsid protein. SCSV is similar to, but distinct from, WSBMV and is proposed to be a new member of the furovirus group.
A single machine scheduling problem with bin packing constraints

In this paper we consider a scheduling problem where jobs consume a perishable resource stored in vials. It leads to a new scheduling problem, with two-dimensional jobs, one dimension for the duration and one dimension for the consumption. Jobs have to be finished before a given due date, and the objective is to schedule the jobs on a single machine so that the maximum lateness does not exceed a given treshhold and the number of vials required for processing all the jobs is minimized. We propose a two-step approach embedding a Recovering Beam Search algorithm to get a good-quality initial solution reachable in short time and a more time consuming matheuristic algorithm. Computational experiments are performed on the benchmark instances available for the two-constraint bin packing problem integrated with additional due dates to take into account the maximum lateness constraints. The computational results show very good performances of the proposed approach that remains effective also on the original two-constraint bin packing instances without due dates where 7 new bounds are obtained.
Psychological Ownership and Talent Retention

The aim of this paper is to identify and clarify the elements and possible role of psychological ownership in highly skilled employees‟ retention. The methodology encompasses a qualitative research design inclusive of an extant literature review, open-ended questions and interviews to sought deeper understanding and clarification of the data. Data were analysed through thematic analysis and compared with the theoretical elements of psychological ownership. The findings indicated that highly skilled employees identify with the elements of psychological ownership. The contextual factors especially the more structural aspects, being: clear communication; relationship building; clear direction and goal alignment; ethical 1 Corresponding author Psychological Ownership and Talent Retention 2 conduct; recognition and acknowledgement and leadership, surfaced more explicitly as requisite for talent retention.
Exploring mechanical meta-material structures through personalised shoe sole design

Mechanical meta-material structures (MMS) are designed structures with mechanical properties not found in ordinary materials. MMS can now be created far more easily using digital manufacturing. We explore how different MMS can be combined, through the design of a shoe sole. Thereby showing the potential of using MMS to create personalized and sustainable footwear. We analysed the phenomenon of foot deformation and mapped different structures with different behaviours to meet the needs of different feet. Consequently, a shoe sole was generated by an algorithm and 3D printed in one single material with multiple properties (e.g. stiff and soft) and responsive behaviour, making it easy to recycle. We report the design phases which required using six types of software. Our findings reflect the complexity of this process given the limited availability of software tools that support it. We conclude with a list of requirements regarding tools to further explore MMS.
Scientific Workflows with the jABC Framework A Review after a Decade in the Field

The jABC is a framework for process modelling and execution according to the XMDD (eXtreme Model-Driven Design) paradigm, which advocates the rigorous use of user-level models in the software development process and software life cycle. We have used the jABC in the domain of scientific workflows for more than a decade now – an occasion to look back and take stock of our experiences in the field. On the one hand, we discuss results from the analysis of a sample of nearly 100 scientific workflow applications that have been implemented with the jABC. On the other hand, we reflect on our experiences and observations regarding the workflow development process with the framework. We then derive and discuss ongoing further developments and future perspectives for the framework, all with an emphasis on simplicity for end-users through increased domain specificity. Concretely, we describe how the use of the PROPHETS synthesis plugin can enable a semanticsbased simplification of the workflow design process, how with the jABC4 and DyWA frameworks more attention is paid to the ease of data management, and how the Cinco SCCE Meta Tooling Suite can be used to generate tailored workflow management tools.
Analytical Study on Big Data

in the time of the Information Technology, the big data store is going on. Due to which, Huge amounts of data are available for decision makers, and this has resulted in the progress of information technology and its wide growth in many areas of business, engineering, medical, and scientific studies. Big data means that the size which is bigger in size, but there are several types, which are not easy to handle, technology is required to handle it. Due to continuous increase in the data in this way, it is important to study and manage these datasets by adjusting the requirements so that the necessary information can be obtained. The aim of this paper is to analyze some of the analytic methods and tools. Which can be applied to large data. In addition, the application of Big Data has been analyzed, using the Decision Maker working on big data and using enlightened information for different applications.
Geometry-based Detection of Flash Worms

While it takes traditional internet worms hours to infect all the vulnerable hosts on the Internet, a flash worm takes seconds. Because of the rapid rate with which flash worms spread, the existing worm defense mechanisms cannot respond fast enough to detect and stop the flash worm infections. In this project, we propose a geometric-based detection mechanism that can detect the spread of flash worms in a short period of time. We tested the mechanism on various simulated flash worm traffics consisting of more than 10,000 nodes. In addition to testing on flash worm traffics, we also tested the mechanism on non-flash worm traffics to see if our detection mechanism produces false alarms. In order to efficiently analyze bulks of various network traffics, we implemented an application that can be used to convert the network traffic data into graphical notations. Using the application, the analysis can be done graphically as it displays the large amount of network relationships as tree structures.
A Satisficing Model for Project Selection

This paper considers the problem of project selection, subject to a budget and other constraints. The return of each individual project is uncertain, and its probability distribution is only partially characterized. The criterion for project selection is based on a satisficing approach that evaluates how well the uncertain total return achieves a prespecified target return, considering the diversification preference of the decision maker. This criterion is implemented by maximizing the entropic satisficing measure. Thus, our model maximizes the value of a risk aversion parameter, while keeping the certainty equivalent of the uncertain returns under exponential utility above a given target. We allow interactions, for example synergies, between the returns of different projects. We also allow correlation between the uncertain returns of different projects. Our solution procedure solves a small sequence of subproblems via binary search and applies a cutting plane procedure to test feasibility at each subproblem. An extensive computational study shows that the satisficing model generates more effective project portfolios than any other project selection approach. We describe a simple and easily implemented greedy heuristic for the subproblem. Computational tests show that the use of this heuristic at the subproblem routinely provides close to the same return as the cutting plane approach. Finally, we identify several managerial insights from our results.
INCREASING RETURNS IN A STANDARD TAX COMPETITION MODEL

The standard tax competition literature predicts a race to the bottom in capital tax rates as capital mobility increases. Recently, the very different modeling framework of the new economic geography literature has produced the contrasting result that economic integration leads to agglomeration rents to capital which can be taxed away, in turn leading to higher corporate taxation. This paper incorporates increasing returns directly into the standard tax competition modeling framework to identify the origin of this disparity of results. The model illustrates that increasing returns reduce traditional tax competition pressures as capital mobility increases, and that changes in preferences for the public good, combined with increasing cross-border ownership of capital, and thus taxexporting incentives, are the main factors driving tax rates higher. Tax exporting has not previously been linked endogenously to capital mobility in standard tax competition models or new economic geography models.
The Effects of Reusability and Green Design in Consumer Packaging on Consumer Satisfaction — Using SEM Analysis

More contemporary product packaging are designed to be environmental- friendly as efforts of the environmentalists grow more enthusiastic and the number of green design supporter increase. However, there remain consumers that care about the appearances and quality of packaging over the wellbeing of our planet. The truth is, they cannot be blamed for some objects are indeed required to last, and recycled paper simply cannot satisfy everyone's needs. Nevertheless, this research observes that consumers will keep packaging materials for various reasons, which helps lighten the burden on land lls. Therefore, this research explores the factors that affect reusability in packaging, and how the concept of green design relates to reusability. This research conducts analysis using SEM to decipher the relationships among factors of reusability, green design, andconsumer satisfaction. By analyzing data from a survey of 215 participants from three major shopping centers in Taipei, the results clearly indicates a positive relationship between reusability and consumer satisfaction.Moreover, the results also show green design strengthens the relationship between reusability and consumer satisfaction.
An empirical investigation of the arbitrage pricing theory in a frontier stock market: evidence from Bangladesh

Although the existing literature of Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) on different categories of stock markets is vast, it is non-existent in the case of frontier stock markets (defined as very small capital markets). This paper fills this gap by investigating how APT performs in a frontier stock market. To address the common problem of multi-collinearity in macro variables, this study uses principal component analysis (PCA) as a robustness check on the previous results. The results confirm evidence of one significant macroeconomic factor in the Dhaka stock market - a frontier stock market of Bangladesh. This result is comparable to that of some emerging (larger than frontier markets) stock markets.