Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulative estimation for the environment inside room from the green amenity aspect.

Recently, we often hear the word “amenity”. The amenity effects of plants on human being is called “green amenity”. The authors recognize the importance of “green amenity” and are making a series of studies on “green amenity”. The green amenity effects can be divided into perceptible effect, environmental control effect and image effect (Fig. 1). In this paper, the authors focused on the environmental control effect by plants, and made simulation of inside environment of two types of office rooms; the one has plants in it and the other has no plants.The authors assumed simulation model shown in Fig. 2 and Table 1, and made simulation according to the flow chart shown in Fig. 3. The plant in the room was tomato plant, and its relationship between light intensity and stomatal resistance is shown in Fig. 4.The result of simulation on the standard sunny day in December is shown in Fig. 5, indicating that the inside air temperature with plants is lower than that without plants in the daytime and that the maximum temperature difference is 2.6°C.Figure 6 shows that the maximum temperature difference on the standard sunny day in July is 2.7°C.
Heading in the right direction: A critical review of studies examining the effects of heading in soccer players.

The practice of heading in soccer has become a public concern due to the potential for subconcussive impacts to cause cumulative concussive-like effects; however experimental evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. This systematic review used pre-defined search parameters to assess primary literature that examined changes in cognitive, behavioural, structural and/or biological processes after acute heading exposure in youth and young adult soccer players. The findings were synthesized into a concise and comprehensive summary of the research following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) format, and suggestions for standardization of acute heading protocols are described. A total of 1189 articles were considered for this review, with 19 articles meeting all of the inclusion criteria for full analysis. An attempt was made to identify methods with significant sensitivity and reliability by grouping studies based on their outcome measures. Due to lack of standardization across intervention types and data collection protocols, no sensitive and reliable methods could be conclusively identified to assess the effects of acute heading exposure in soccer players. Based on this review, there is not enough evidence to either support or refute the potential of effects of subconcussive events from acute soccer heading exposure. Recommendations for standardization of acute heading exposure studies based on the included literature are discussed. Standardization is required to better understand the impact of acute heading exposure in soccer players, while allowing for the development of guidelines that mitigate any potential risks and allowing athletes to remain active and develop their skills.
Carbaryl Susceptibility and Detoxication Enzymes in Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Influence of Host Plant

Toxicity of carbaryl and levels of detoxifying enzymes were determined in larvae of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), reared from hatching on either white alder, Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. , or Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Foliar chemistry was also examined. We treated larvae topically with carbaryl 2 d into the third or the fifth instar and established LD50s based on survival 48 h after treatment. We fed surviving third instars their original diet until death or pupation and assessed sublethal effects. Levels of detoxifying enzymes were determined in larvae of the same age and rearing group. Larvae reared on Douglas-fir were significantly more tolerant of carbaryl. Sublethal effects were found only in larvae fed Douglas-fir, in which mortality after 48 h and time to pupation were significantly greater in treated larvae than in controls. Levels of detoxication enzymes were generally higher in tissues of larvae raised on Douglas-fir, but significantly higher in only a few instances. Nitrogen and total phenolic contents were higher in alder than in Douglas-fir. Terpenes were abundant in Douglas-fir foliage but were not detected in alder.
The evidence, the art, the outcomes

The Forum for Behavioral Science in Family Medicine was established in 1980 to create opportunities for behavioral scientists to share their work, collaborate with others, and find support. Over four decades, the Forum grew from a local gathering of colleagues to a meeting with presenters and participants from around the globe. Presentations furthered the scientific basis of what we do while supporting the dissemination of creative and meaningful methods for educating physicians, caring for patients, and maintaining wellbeing. 2019 marked the 40th anniversary of the Forum with the theme The Evidence, the Art, the Outcomes. This special issue of The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine presents nine articles drawn from that conference. Strong threads of behavioral science have run through the tapestry of family medicine since its establishment as a specialty in 1969. Like the strong vertical warp threads of a tapestry, scientific evidence creates a necessary framework. Behavioral scientists joined the faculty of residency programs and medical schools. They conducted research in communication skills, educational strategies, behavior change counseling, family systems, disparities, the treatment of psychiatric disorders, and wellbeing. This scholarship contributed to the strong foundational warp in family medicine’s tapestry alongside other medical topics.
Impact of Patient Alignment on Image Quality in C-Arm Computed Tomography – Evaluation Using an ACR Phantom

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the influence of patient alignment and thereby heel effect on the image quality (IQ) of C-arm flat-panel detector computed tomography (CACT). Materials and Methods An ACR phantom placed in opposite directions along the z-axis (setup A and B) on the patient support was imaged using CACT. Image acquisition was performed with three different image acquisition protocols. The images were reconstructed with four convolution kernels. IQ was assessed in terms of high contrast using the modulation transfer function (MTF) and low contrast by assessing the image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) as well as the reliability of density measurements. Furthermore, the dose intensity profiles were measured free-in-air. Results The MTF in setup B is higher than the MTF measured in setup A (p < 0.01). The image noises measured in setup A for the air and bone inserts were higher compared to those measured in setup B (p > 0.05). Opposite behavior has been observed for the polyethylene, water-equivalent and acrylic inserts. The SNR for all inserts is inversely related to the image noise. A systematically increasing or decreasing trend of CNR could not be observed (p > 0.05). The intensity profile measured by the detector system free-in-air showed that the anode heel effect is perpendicular to the z-axis. Conclusion The patient alignment has a minor influence on the IQ of CACT. This effect is not based on the X-ray anode heel effect but is caused mainly by the non-symmetrical rotation of CACT. Key Points: The impact of patient alignment and thereby the heel effect on the image quality of CACT was analyzed. The patient alignment has a minor influence on the physical parameters related to image quality, such as noise, SNR, and MTF. This effect is based mainly on the non-symmetrical rotation of CACT. Citation Format Alikhani B, Renne J, Maschke S et al. Impact of Patient Alignment on Image Quality in C-Arm Computed Tomography – Evaluation Using an ACR Phantom. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 417 – 426
The Affordable Care Act and emergency department use by low acuity patients in a US hospital

Background The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is one of the biggest healthcare reforms in US history. A key issue is the ACAs effect on low acuity, potentially primary care patients. This study evaluates the effect of the ACA on low acuity patients seen in the emergency department (ED). Methods This is an age-period-cohort analysis for a community hospital ED in Michigan, from 2009 to 2015. Patients were stratified by age, year seen, emergency severity index (ESI) and insurance status. Data were compared between before and after ACA along with descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Student t-tests. The primary outcome was the change in ED usage by low acuity. Patients > 65 were used as a temporal control. Results 305,350 ED visits were analyzed. ED visits with ESI 4/5 increased from 11.9% to 14.8%. Patients < 19 years increased from 25.5% to 34.3% (p = .0026). Ages 19–25 increased from 16.3% to 19.7% (p = 0.0515). Ages 26–64 increased from 11% to 14.9% (p = 0.0129). Ages > 65 increased from 5.1% to 6.5%. Patients < 65 showed a decreased uninsured rate from 12.30% to 6.28% (p < 0.0001). Comparatively, for age > 65: uninsured rate remained the same 0.46% to 0.49%. Conclusion Low acuity ED visits increased with the ACA reform in conjunction with a more insured population.
An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Predictor for Early Detection of Sepsis

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Early detection of sepsis is critical in clinical practice since each hour of delayed treatment has been associated with an increase in mortality due to irreversible organ damage. This study aimed to develop an explainable artificial intelligence model for early predicting sepsis by analyzing the electronic health record data from ICU provided by the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2019. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: We developed our model on the shared ICUs publicly data and verified on the full hidden populations for challenge scoring. Patients: Public database included 40,336 patients’ electronic health records sourced from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (hospital system A) and Emory University Hospital (hospital system B). A total of 24,819 patients from hospital systems A, B, and C (an unidentified hospital system) were sequestered as full hidden test sets. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 168 features were extracted on hourly basis. Explainable artificial intelligence sepsis predictor model was trained to predict sepsis in real time. Impact of each feature on hourly sepsis prediction was explored in-depth to show the interpretability. The algorithm demonstrated the final clinical utility score of 0.364 in this challenge when tested on the full hidden test sets, and the scores on three separate test sets were 0.430, 0.422, and –0.048, respectively. Conclusions: Explainable artificial intelligence sepsis predictor model achieves superior performance for predicting sepsis risk in a real-time way and provides interpretable information for understanding sepsis risk in ICU.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Fish Assemblage Structure of an Intermittent Texas Stream

-Fish were sampled monthly at seven sites for 1 yr in Sister Grove Creek, an intermittent prairie stream in N-central Texas. Despite drastic seasonal fluctuations in discharge, abundance of individual species varied more spatially among sites than temporally at individual sites. Spatial differences in assemblage structure were attributed to differences in habitat and to migration from a downstream reservoir. The preponderance of spatial variation in species abundances combined with minimal temporal variation suggests: (1) temporal consistency of species abundance throughout the year, and (2) the highly dynamic hydrologic regime may not be a disturbance for Sister Grove Creek fishes.
Reducing stigma and discrimination: new evidence and its implications.

Writing in 2005, Castro and Farmer [1] observed that a ‘transformation of AIDS from an inevitably fatal disease to a chronic and manageable one has decreased stigma dramatically in Haiti’ (p.57). Fifteen years later, hopes that biomedical advances could end HIV-related stigma seem distant. Stigma persists and is made manifest in different ways and at different times in the lives of people living with HIV (PLHIV) [2,3], by whole communities affected by a high burden of HIV-infection [4], and is mirrored in the ways in which people react to new disease threats [5]. Stigma may indeed have reduced in some forms [6,7], but gains from HIV-stigma reduction initiatives have often been modest [6,8] and are rarely implemented at scale [9]. The impact of stigma and discrimination continues to be seen in the variable uptake of HIV-testing and access to care and support [10,11]. The heterogeneity in response to universal test and treat initiatives, and the role different types of stigma play in this response, has been seen in many settings [12]. Context matters in the effectiveness of stigma-reduction interventions as men and women, older and younger, respond differently to efforts to address stigma and discrimination [13]. These differences present a continued challenge for standardized stigma measures to facilitate comparisons between different approaches to intervention [14], and the ways in which data on stigma are interpreted [15]. In this collection, we bring together articles that address innovation in stigma measurement, speak to the importance of understanding context in intervention design and implementation and highlight the emergence (or re-emergence) of different forms of stigma that have a profound impact on how individuals and groups of people engage with HIV-services. There are reasons to hope that further progress is possible, but
The effects of shock wave stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells on proliferation, migration, and differentiation in an injectable gelatin matrix for osteogenic regeneration

The treatment of a variety of defects in bony sites could benefit from mitogenic stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells, including endogenous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), and from provision of such cells with a matrix permissive of their migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. That such MSC stimulation could result from treatment with noninvasive (extracorporeal) shock waves (ESWs), and the matrix delivered by injection could enable this therapeutic approach to be employed for applications in which preformed scaffolds and growth factor therapy are difficult to deploy. The objectives of the present study were to investigate focused ESWs for their effects on proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation in an injectable gelatin (Gtn) matrix capable of undergoing covalent cross‐linking in vivo. Gtn was conjugated with hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (HPA) in order to enable it to be covalently cross‐linked with minute amounts of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The results demonstrated that 500 shocks of 0.4‐mJ/mm2 energy flux density resulted in a twofold greater proliferation of bMSCs in the Gtn‐HPA matrix after 14 days, compared with bMSCs grown with supplementation with platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB, a known mitogen for bMSCs. Moreover, SW treatment enhanced substantially osteogenic differentiation of bMSCs. The Gtn‐HPA gel was permissive of MSC migration under the chemotactic influence of the growth factor, PDGF‐BB, incorporated into and released by the gel. ESW treatment had no effect on the motility of the MSCs. The findings of the study warrant further investigation of this combined treatment modality for select bony defects.
A Study of the House Finch

is the House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanusfrontalis); notwithstanding its sweet and characteristic song, it is commonly mistaken by the average citizen and visitor for the English Sparrow. Previous to the advent of the English Sparrow in Denver (about 1894, according to the writer's notes) the only bird at all common about the buildings of Denver was this finch. Before the present extensive settlement of Colorado, the House Finch was, so far as one can gather from the reports of the various early exploring expeditions, to be found mainly along the tree covered 'bottoms' of the larger streams, along the foot hills, to a small extent up the streams into the foot hills, and possibly along the streams as they neared the east line of the state. For the past six years, the writer has systematically and particularly studied this species, bearing in mind several problems concerning it; the data secured in this work is now published for the first time.
The Claustrum is Involved in Cognitive Processes Related to the Classical Conditioning of Eyelid Responses in Behaving Rabbits

Abstract It is assumed that the claustrum (CL) is involved in sensorimotor integration and cognitive processes. We recorded the firing activity of identified CL neurons during classical eyeblink conditioning in rabbits, using a delay paradigm in which a tone was presented as conditioned stimulus (CS), followed by a corneal air puff as unconditioned stimulus (US). Neurons were identified by their activation from motor (MC), cingulate (CC), and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortices. CL neurons were rarely activated by single stimuli of any modality. In contrast, their firing was significantly modulated during the first sessions of paired CS/US presentations, but not in well-trained animals. Neuron firing rates did not correlate with the kinematics of conditioned responses (CRs). CL local field potentials (LFPs) changed their spectral power across learning and presented well-differentiated CL–mPFC/CL–MC network dynamics, as shown by crossfrequency spectral measurements. CL electrical stimulation did not evoke eyelid responses, even in trained animals. Silencing of synaptic transmission of CL neurons by the vINSIST method delayed the acquisition of CRs but did not affect their presentation rate. The CL plays an important role in the acquisition of associative learning, mostly in relation to the novelty of CS/US association, but not in the expression of CRs.
Echocardiography in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Complications

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are systemic diseases frequently affecting the heart and vessels. The main cardiovascular complications are pericarditis, myocarditis, valvular disease, obstructive coronary artery disease and coronary microcirculatory dysfunction, cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiography, including transthoracic two and three-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler imaging, myocardial deformation and transesophageal echo, is an established and widely available imaging technique for the identification of cardiovascular manifestations that are crucial for prognosis in rheumatic diseases. Echocardiography is also important for monitoring the impact of drug treatment on cardiac function, coronary microcirculatory function, valvular function and pulmonary artery pressures. In this article we summarize established and evolving knowledge on the role of echocardiography for diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular abnormalities in rheumatic diseases.
Evaluating Behavioral Responses of Selected Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Spinosad

Abstract Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) are two of the most important seed sucking pests affecting Louisiana soybean production and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) is an important late season pest in Louisiana rice. Exploration of chemicals that exhibit attraction or repellent activities toward major stink bug species would be beneficial in developing push–pull strategies. Spinosad is a commercially available natural insecticide that may have arrestant, attractant, or phagostimulant properties against stink bugs. To test this, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the tactile, olfactory, and feeding responses of these stink bugs toward two commercial spinosad products (Entrust and Tracer) and technical grade spinosad. In tactile assays, female and male redbanded stink bug were arrested by Entrust, Tracer, and technical grade spinosad, whereas only rice stink bug and southern green stink bug males were arrested by Entrust.Y-tube assays revealed no attraction to any of the products by either male or female rice stink bug, redbanded stink bug, or southern green stink bug. In paired (treated or untreated soybean seed) feeding preference experiments, southern green stink bug showed no preference for any treatment, whereas redbanded stink bug fed more on Entrust- and Tracer-treated seed. From these results, spinosad appears to have an arrestant and phagostimulant effect on redbanded stink bug in the laboratory.
Non-ionizing radiation as possible carcinogen

ABSTRACT The advent of wireless technologies has revolutionized the way we communicate. The steady upsurge in the use of mobile phone all over the world in the last two decades, while triggered economic growth, has caused substantial damage to the environment, both directly and indirectly. The electromagnetic radiation generated from mobile phones, radio-based stations, and phone towers, high-voltage power lines have been reported which leads to the variety of health scares such as the risk of cancer in human beings and adverse effects in animals, birds, etc. Though the usage of such radiation emitting from mobile phones has risen steeply, there is a lack of proper knowledge about the associated risks. The review provides the latest research evidence based both on in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and possible gaps in our knowledge. Moreover, the present review also summarizes available literature in this subject, reports and studies which will help to form guidelines for its exposure limits to the public. Abbreviations: Continuous Wave: CW; Code Division Multiple Access: CDMA; Global System for Mobile Communications: GSM; Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell: PBMC; Radiofrequency: RF; Radiofrequency radiation: RFR; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: UMTS; Wideband Code Division Multiple Access: WCDMA; Specific Absorption Rate: SAR; National Toxicology Program: NTP; amplitude-modulated or amplitude-modulation: AM; Electromagnetic frequencies: EMF; confidence interval: CI; Gigahertz: GHz; odds ratio: OR; incidence ratio: IR; reactive oxygen species: ROS; specific absorption rate: SAR; International Agency of Research on Cancer: IARC; single-strand breaks: SSB; double-strand breaks: DSB (7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene): DMBA; Hour: h; international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection: ICNIRP; extremely low frequency: ELFl; microtesla: mT; Gigahertz: GHz; hertz: Hz; decibel: dB; kilometer: Km; Watt per square meter: W/m2; Hour: h; positron emission tomography: PET
An updated perspective on the polymerase division of labor during eukaryotic DNA replication

Abstract In eukaryotes three DNA polymerases (Pols), α, δ, and ε, are tasked with bulk DNA synthesis of nascent strands during genome duplication. Most evidence supports a model where Pol α initiates DNA synthesis before Pol ε and Pol δ replicate the leading and lagging strands, respectively. However, a number of recent reports, enabled by advances in biochemical and genetic techniques, have highlighted emerging roles for Pol δ in all stages of leading-strand synthesis; initiation, elongation, and termination, as well as fork restart. By focusing on these studies, this review provides an updated perspective on the division of labor between the replicative polymerases during DNA replication.