Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of isotonic and elastic resistance exercise on trapezius muscle balance in overhead athletes

The scaption exercise (elevation of the arm in the scapular plane) is often performed in shoulder rehabilitation and preventive exercise programs. Three studies were performed to better understand the activation characteristics of the upper trapezius (UT) and lower trapezius (LT) muscles during scaption. The purpose of these studies was to 1) quantify and compare trapezius muscle activation ratios and onset of activation in normal subjects, 2) compare the findings from normal subjects with overhead athletes, and 3) compare the activation ratios and onset of the trapezius with 2 modes of resistance (elastic and isotonic) in overhead athletes. Methods. Healthy college-aged subjects performed scaption to 900 with (W) and without (UW) standardized resistance. The average activation of the UT and LT was determined with surface electromyography (EMG) over 300 increments in concentric and eccentric directions. The UT:LT ratio was then determined for each interval and condition, as well as the average onset of activation. Statistical analysis using repeated measures and t-tests were used to determine significant differences. Results. The UT:LT ratios of both (W) and (UW) conditions demonstrated a u-shaped curve over 900. The UW condition consistently demonstrated significantly higher UT:LT ratios ranging from 1.5 to 4.5, while the W ranged from 0.9 to 2.4. There was no significant difference in activation ratios between athletes and non-athletes, or between elastic and isotonic resistance. The UT demonstrated earlier activation than the LT in the UW condition. The LT reduced its latency with the addition of resistance, reversing the firing order in overhead athletes. Isotonic resistance provided slightly faster activation of the LT compared to elastic resistance. Conclusion. These 3 studies suggest that overhead athletes demonstrate the same UT:LT ratios as non-athletes over 900 during scaption with and without resistance. Adding resistance to
Review Article

Taking Steps towards the Knowledge Society: Reflections on the Process of Knowledge Development B. Nyhan (Ed.) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP) Reference Series 35, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002, ISBN 92 896 0124 8. Facing Up to the Learning Organisation Challenge: Key Issues from a European Perspective, Vol. 1 B. Nyhan, P. Cressey, M. Tomassini, M. Kelleher and R. Poell Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003, ISBN 92 896 0203 1. Facing up to the Learning Organisation Challenge: Selected European Writings, Vol. 2 B. Nyhan, M. Kelleher, P. Cressey and R. Poell (Eds) Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003, ISBN 92 896 0206 6.
Anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10) in malaria-infected “AA” and “AS” subjects in Enugu metropolis, South-East Nigeria

Malaria has remained a public health issue in Nigeria and Africa, and increasing attention is being directed towards disease prevention. Cytokines have been reported to determine the outcome of malaria and Hb polymorphism has also been implicated in protection in endemic areas. This study investigated the relationship between some anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10) in Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients of AA and AS Hb genotypes in Enugu metropolis, South-East Nigeria. A total of 207 subjects aged 20-60 years were recruited for the study and divided into 4 groups. Determination of Hb genotype was done electrophoretically, while quantitation of parasites and estimation of parasite density were done microscopically. Estimation of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum was carried out using ELISA kit (Enzo ® Life Sciences, U.S.A). All data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism version 5 and SPSS version 20 computer software at 95% confidence level and results are expressed as mean ± SEM. A comparison of the test groups showed that AA test group had significantly higher (P<0.0001) MP density (3,906 ± 436.5/µl) than AS test group (1,293 ± 179/µl). The AA test group also had significantly higher TNF-α (36.31 ± 2.34 pg/ml), compared to AS test group (22.05 ± 1.22 pg/ml). IL-10 also showed significant increase (<0.05) in AA test subjects (21.78 ± 1.09 pg/ml) compared to the AS test subjects (17.21 ± 1.53). The cytokines were generally significantly higher (P<0.05) in the test subjects compared to the control. MP density however showed a significant positive correlation (P=0.0215) with IL-10 in AA test subjects. There was significant positive correlation (r=0.439, P=0.003) between IL-10 and TNF-α in AA test subjects. The high IL-10 and TNF-α in AA test subjects is suspected to have led to progression of the disease, as evidenced by the increased parasitemia in these subjects. There was neither any correlation in AA test subjects between gender and either IL-10 (r= 0.024, P= 0.873) or TNF-α (r=-0.045, P=0.771) nor in AS subjects between gender and IL-10 (r= 0.116, P= 0.463) or TNF-α (r=-0.176, P=0.271). The present study shows that cytokines actually contribute to P. falciparum malaria outcome in AA and AS subjects in Enugu metropolis. The predisposition of AA subjects to malaria may be linked to increased TNF-α and IL-10.
Pricing of a new product with consumer learning

Sometimes firms sell their products only for a limited time. This phenomenon can be interpreted as the firms' strategy to increase their profits by prohibiting consumers from learning their personal values of the product as time passes. This explanation can also be used to explain the firms' strategy to set low prices on their new products for only a limited time.
The Benefit of Surgery and the Drawback of Scars

Dieser elektronische Sonderdruck ist nur für die Nutzung zu nicht-kommerziellen, persönlichen Zwecken bestimmt (z. B. im Rahmen des fachlichen Austauschs mit einzelnen Kollegen und zur Verwendung auf der privaten Homepage des Autors). Diese PDF-Datei ist nicht für die Einstellung in Repositorien vorgesehen, dies gilt auch für soziale und wissenschaftliche Netzwerke und Plattformen. Mit den besten Grüßen vom Georg Thieme Verlag
THE LOCATIONAL DYNAMICS OF THE US BIOTECH INDUSTRY: KNOWLEDGE EXTERNALITIES AND THE ANCHOR HYPOTHESIS

Biotechnology, rather than a distinct industry like automobiles or steel, is instead a scientific knowledge base—a rapidly evolving technology—that has economically valuable applications in diverse industries such as pharmaceuticals, medical diagnostics, agriculture, bio-environmental remediation and chemical processing. Biotech is still at an early stage and there are many competing hypotheses about its future development. This paper adapts the concept of the anchor tenant from real estate economics to explore the locational concentration and specialization of the emerging biotech industry. Established Anchor Firms who use a new technology may create knowledge externalities that benefit smaller dedicated biotech firms and increase overall innovative output in the region.
A Study on the Prevalence of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

1 Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India 2 Professor, Department of Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India Corresponding Author Dr Atul Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India Ph: +91 8227040025, Email: dratulkumarkmc@gmail.com ABSTRACT Objectives: Our study was to evaluate the prevalence and spectrum of disease of nonalcoholic fatty liver of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A detail relevant history and assessment and relevant investigations was taken to all patients. A complete laboratory investigation like Blood sugar (fasting and PP), Blood urea and Serum creatinine, Routine urine examination, Liver function tests, Lipid profile, HBsAg, Anti HCV, USG (Abdomen) were performed to all patients. Results: Data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-Office software. Conclusions: Almost half of the cases of diabetes mellitus were affected with nonalcoholic fatty liver. Fatty liver disease may progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.
Rôle de la Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin dans les effets cardiovasculaires et rénaux de l'activation du récepteur minéralocorticoïde. Spécificité et mécanismes d’action

L’activation du recepteur mineralocorticoide par l’aldosterone joue un role majeur dans le remodelage cardiovasculaire en participant a l’hypertension, a la fibrose et a l’inflammation. Notre laboratoire a recemment mis en evidence le role critique de la Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), une nouvelle cible du MR, dans les effets deleteres de son activation. Afin de mieux comprendre le role de NGAL dans ces effets, nous avons realise differents modeles profibrotiques chez des souris presentant une invalidation genique totale de NGAL ou une depletion de NGAL dans leurs cellules immunitaires specifiquement. Nos resultats demontrent un role primordial de la NGAL produite par les cellules immunitaires dans les lesions cardio-renales induite par l’activation du MR. De plus, nos donnees suggerent que le contexte inflammatoire pourrait etre un element determinant de l’implication physiopathologique de NGAL.
The Deployment of Rapid Response Teams in U.S. Hospitals

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health system (1999), highlighted the need for improvements in the quality of health care, advocating for improvements in patient safety, preventing avoidable harm, and providing the necessary care to patients who could benefit from it. Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) are one crucial aspect of a hospital's RRS, providing hospitals with a mechanism to respond and care for patients experiencing an avoidable medical crisis. RRTs became imbedded in US hospitals following the launch of the 100 000 Lives Campaign in 2004 by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement and the introduction of RRTs as one of six initiatives to improve the quality of patient care. RRT adoption also provides hospitals the opportunity to meet a Joint Commission requirement for hospitals to implement a mechanism that enabled staff members to obtain help from experts when their patient's condition is worsening. Despite the proliferation of RRTs in hospitals, descriptive reports of these teams across groups of hospitals have been relatively few and provided limited descriptive information on RRTs. Therefore, using data we collected as part of a larger mixed-methods study of RRTs to examine their sustainability, we describe RRTs in a group of hospitals that were part of a collaborative to facilitate RRT adoption and implementation.
Central Pain in Parkinson’s Disease: A Case Report

Pain in Parkinson’s disease is common, with an estimated prevalence up to 85% of those with the disease. Central pain in Parkinson’s disease is poorly understood and the role of pharmacological treatment, including the use of dopamine agonists, needs further investigation. Our objective is to discuss a case report of central pain in Parkinson’s disease in an outpatient setting. A 67-year-old-male patient with Parkinson’s disease presented with right-sided pain, which was refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and opioid agonists. The initiation of dopaminergic therapy resulted in a near complete relief of pain. This case illustrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to better care for Parkinson’s disease patients with central pain, and further study to identify the pathophysiologic mechanism.
Preference of the Surgeon: The patient or the radiologist? Desmoid tumor

Our aim is to present diagnosis of desmoid tumor in a patient with recurrent upper abdominal pain and mass with normal ultrasound findings. Fifteen-years-old boy had been operated due to acute appendicitis and intraabdominal abscess four years ago was admitted to our clinic with complaints of right upper quadrant pain and swelling for two years. Many ultrasound were performed but nothing was found. There was 6 centimeter (cm) thickening and heterogeneity of right rectus abdominis muscle with a suspicious mass neighboring the liver at computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He was operated and pathology was reported as desmoid tumor. Even basic studies don’t reveal any pathology if the patient’s complaint goes on surgeon must be aggressive for diagnosis in order not to miss out malignancies.
An introduction to the RoLI™

The Reflections on Learning Inventory (RoLI) is an instrument designed to capture variation in students’ engagement of learning—typically in a given disciplinary context or topic-specific ‘episode’. Although the RoLI has been employed as a research instrument in a number of published studies on the modelling of student learning in higher education, there has been an important thrust in the development of the RoLI in terms of an instrument that can be used as a basis for developing the critical first stage of metalearning capacity in students; making students aware of their learning via the process of representing responses to the RoLI as a graphic personal learning ‘profile’. To be credible in this role, an instrument should ideally possess the capacity to capture variation in contextualized student learning engagement (or study orchestration ) in a response domain that appeals for its validity in reflecting authenticity in everyday academic learning contexts as derived from students’ experiences . The RoLI draws on such experiences for much of its conceptual basis. And since much of the purposeful endeavour of learning engagement is geared in a very practical sense to the attainment of learning outcomes, it is also helpful to students if the response domain of ‘learning engagement’ is tied in some explanatory sense to the quality of learning outcome(s). Again, a thrust in the development of the RoLI has been to operationalize aspects of learning engagement, specifically in terms of conceptions of learning and learning processes, that conceptually and empirically explain variation in the attainment of learning outcomes. By virtue of this explanatory power there is thus a basis, in a developing metalearning capacity context, for engaging students with the projected likely consequences of a particular study orchestration (always on the assumption that such a projection is valid in terms of the response context, the student identifies with the ‘profile’ as a reasonable stable basis for making such inferences and so on).
Predictors of the one-year stroke recurrence in the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study

As a part of the community-based Northern Manhattan Stroke Study, 611 patients with first cerebral infarction were prospectively followed to detect the 1-year stroke recurrence. Baseline risk factors evaluated included age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consuption, serum cholesterol, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation, and NIH stroke scale (NIHSS). Life tables were used to estimate the 1-year stroke recurrence risk, and a logistic multiple regression model to calculate relative risks and 95 percent CI one year after initial stroke. Among 94 (15 percent) patients with identified recurrence, 19 percent died within 1 year from recurrent stroke. The life table cumulative risk of recurrent stroke was 3 percent at day 30, 10 percent at 1 year, 14 percent at 2 years, and 18 percent at 3 years. The 1-year cumulative risk of recurrence did not significantly differ according to age or gender. The 1 year recurrence risk was significantly different for the baseline NIH stroke scale (NIHSS less than 3.5 percent, 3-8, 14 percent ; NIH over 8, 7 percent ; p=0.019) and CHF (yes 17 percent, no 19 percent ; p=0.041). The logistic multiple regression model revealed age over 60 years, CHF, and alcohol consuption of over 2 drinks/(day to be independent predictors of 1 year stroke recurrence (age over 60 RR 2.9, 95 percent CI 1.1-8.2 ; CHF RR 2.7, 1.3-5.5, alcohol over 2/day RR 3.1 CI 1.2-8.1). Our data suggest a different pattern of risk factors for stroke recurrence than that for initial stroke. The patients who have acready suffered first stroke should also be considered a target population for education, improvement of compliance with medical therapies, and modification of hazardous behaviours.
Elbow arthritis

Purpose of review Improvements in medications, implant design, and arthroscopic techniques have changed the available treatment options for arthritic patients. The purpose of the present review is to explore recent developments and publications discussing the management of elbow arthritis. Recent findings New medications have greatly reduced the role of surgery in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Effective arthroscopic treatments are being developed for elbow arthritis, but it is difficult for more than a few surgeons to gain sufficient experience with these complex technical procedures. Several new concepts have influenced total elbow prostheses. Summary The management of elbow arthritis is based on the type of arthritis and patient factors. The majority of operative treatments are palliative or reconstructive. As with arthritis in other joints, there is a stepladder of treatment options from nonspecific analgesia to arthroscopic or open debridement, interpositional arthroplasty, and ending with prosthetic arthroplasty, which is best reserved for relatively infirm and low-demand patients.
A case of multidrug resistant primary HIV infection with delayed CD4 T-cell count decline despite low viral load, treated with

In 1999, the leaders of various associations of people living with HIV/AIDS (APLWHA) created AIDS Empowerment and Treatment International (AIDSETI), a non-governmental organization to promote ‘community driven development’ (CDD) to extend sustainable HIV/AIDS care and treatment in resource-limited settings [10]. The World Bank [11] and other agencies designed the CDD model to mitigate the effects of poverty and expand the delivery of non-healthcarerelated services in resource-limited countries. AIDSETI has applied the model of CDD to the provision of comprehensive HIV/AIDS healthcare by providing a unifying administrative framework. APLWHA are considered primary stakeholders and entrusted with healthcare resources. We describe the first multinational attempt to implement this innovative model of association-driven care and treatment (ADCT) by the AIDSETI network of APLWHA.
Stakeholders' perceptions of the main challenges facing Zambia's mental health care system: a qualitative analysis

Despite radical health transformations in Zambia over the last decade, mental health continues to be marginalized, as reflected in the un-coordinated and under-resourced mental health care system. This paper presents the qualitative results of a situation analysis conducted as part of the first phase of the Mental Health and Poverty Project. The aim of this paper was to explore what a range of stakeholders perceive as the main challenges facing Zambia's mental health system and the primary ways of addressing them. Fifty interviews and six focus group discussions were held with policy makers in and outside of the ministry of health, general and mental health care professionals, users of psychiatric services, teachers, police officers, academics, members of three NGOs and traditional healers. The major challenges identified included: marginalization of mental health; flawed policy development; outdated and harmful legislation; human rights abuses, including stigma; limited mental health services; and inadequate psychiatric professionals. Recommendations included: revamping legislation; promoting greater inter-sectoral collaboration; initiating anti-stigma programs; and addressing the human resources constraints. There is an urgent need for increased consensus and political will within government to place mental health on the national agenda.
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Graphene-modified TiO2 (Anatase) Nanotubes Composite for Lithium-ion Batteries

TiO2 nanotubes decorated with graphene hybrid material was prepared via a green route, namely, both synthesis of nano tubular TiO2 and reduction of GO were simultaneously carried out in alkali solution under solvothermal conditions. The as-prepared nanocomposite was used for investigation of Li-ion insertion properties. TEM analysis highlights the excellent crystallinity of the anatase TiO2 nanotubes, 5∼7 nm in external diameter and several hundred nanometers in length, loaded on graphene sheets. The composite exhibits a high capacity and about 0.8 Li per TiO2 can be delivered in the first discharge and charge at a current density of 0.1 C, larger than the values for the TNs (0.6 Li per TiO2). The electrochemical performance of the composite is superior to that of the bare TNs anode, indicating a positive synergistic effect of nanotubular TiO2 and graphene.
Learned control over spinal nociception in healthy subjects and patients with chronic back pain

Pain is vital for us. Pain is a warning signal that protects us from injuries or ensures that we treat injured body parts with care to promote healing. On the other hand, also suppression of nociception is essential to reduce pain. As a natural endogenous pain control mechanism, pain-inhibitory nerve tracts descend from the brainstem to the spinal cord where they suppress spinal nociceptive transmission, reducing ascending nociceptive input to the brain and thus diminishing pain sensation. Cognitive and emotional processes modulate this descending pain inhibition. In patients with chronic pain, descending pain inhibition often is impaired, possibly contributing to pain persistence. Therefore, improving descending pain inhibition in patients with chronic pain is a promising target for pain therapy. In this thesis, three studies present the development and implementation of a feedback training method in which subjects learn to apply cognitive-emotional strategies to reduce their spinal nociception, as quantified by the spinal nociceptive flexor reflex (RIII reflex), under visual feedback about their RIII reflex size, likely by activating their descending inhibition. The results showed that, under RIII feedback, healthy subjects as well as patients with chronic back pain could learn to deliberately suppress their RIII reflex, their concomitant experimental pain intensity, and, in parts, somatosensory evoked potentials, a measure of supraspinal nociception. Furthermore, patients significantly improved their descending pain inhibition, as quantified by the conditioned pain modulation effect, and significantly decreased their chronic back pain intensity and anxiety after the feedback training. In conclusion, the RIII feedback training enables subjects to deliberately activate their descending pain inhibition and reduce their spinal nociception. The RIII feedback training could potentially be an innovative drug-saving method to improve impaired descending pain inhibition in patients with chronic back pain and reduce their clinical pain.