Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coronary air embolism during removal of a central venous catheter.

BACKGROUND Acute air embolism has been described during central venous cannulation, but it may also occur during catheter removal in a spontaneously breathing patient. We describe an episode of acute coronary ischaemia that occurred during CV catheter removal. CASE REPORT A 23-year-old male, multiple trauma patient was treated over 27 days in an ITU. He required a tracheostomy, two weeks of mechanical ventilation, and several surgical interventions. On the 27th day, he was scheduled to be transferred to a low-dependency area and his CVC was removed from the left subclavian vein. After five minutes, the pressure pad was released from the site of cannulation; the patient started coughing and became dyspnoeic. He developed tachyarrhythmia with ST depression in the 2nd, 3rd and aVF leads, followed by marked ST elevation, and subsequently, ventricular fibrillation. The patient was placed in the Trendelenburg position and CPR was started. Normal sinus rhythm returned after three defibrillations. Echocardiography revealed the presence of a large amount of air bubbles within the left ventricle, which disappeared spontaneously within one minute. The patient quickly regained consciousness and his condition returned to normal within 12 h, with transient elevation of heart enzymes. Five days later, he was decannulated and transferred to the orthopaedic ward in a satisfactory condition. DISCUSSION Air embolism during CV catheter removal is a rare event, but it may occur when a persistent tunnel remains after prolonged cannulation, associated with negative intrathoracic pressure created by a spontaneously breathing or coughing patient. In the case described, acute myocardial ischaemia occurred in the region supplied by the right coronary artery, which is located higher than the left one and is therefore more exposed to air bubbles. We could not demonstrate, however, the presence of a persistent foramen ovale, however some connection had to exist between the right and left sides of the heart in our patient. CONCLUSION Special caution should be exercised during CV catheter removal, and the procedure should be always done with the patient placed in the Trendelenburg position.
tri-Partial 12p deletion: a cause for a mental retardation, multiple congenital abnormality syndrome

Chromosome analysis from the peripheral blood leukcocyte cultures revealed 47 chromosomes with an extra D-group chromosome (47,XX, + D) in all 52 metaphases examined. Autoradiographic studies with 3H-thymidine added during the latter part of DNA synthetic period showed this extra D-group chromosome to have a late replicating nature as that of No. 13 chromosome (Fig. 2). Therefore, the diagnosis of trisomy 13 was confirmed. 105
Specific contributions of the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic system to electroencephalographic activity and sleep/waking behaviour

The present study examined the role of the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic projection in the regulation of cortical electroencephalographic activity across sleep/wake states in rats. Selective lesions of this projection were effected by local intraparenchymal infusions of the immunotoxin 192 IgG‐saporin. Lesions spared the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system, as well as p75‐receptor‐bearing noncholinergic neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Relative to sham‐lesioned control animals, rats with lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons displayed a significant reduction in high frequency EEG activity, characterized especially by a reduction in gamma EEG power. Lesions did not significantly alter the overall proportion of sleeping and waking states as defined behaviourally, but the attenuation of high frequency EEG activity was apparent across all stages, including REM‐like periods. Results are consistent with the view that the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic system exerts a general activational effect on the cortical mantle. Although this system may not be essential for sleep/wake stage‐switching, it does impact on the cortical states associated with those stages.
Multinational Investment and Economic Structure: Globalisation and Competitiveness

Multinational Investment and Economic Structure examines the relationship between industrial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) activities, and the interaction between multinational (MNE) activity and economic structures. It deals with the changing structure of the world economy as a whole, and the dynamics of the relationship between industrial development and the extent of FDI activities across countries. It evaluates the concurrent (and interrelated) evolutionary processes behind economic growth and MNE activity and how these evolutionary forces impact on the economic structure of individual economies in the industrialised world as their economies converge through globalisation.
Urine HPV-DNA detection for cervical cancer screening: Prospects and prejudices

Summary Oncogenic types of human papilloma viruses (HPVs) have been established to be the causative agents for cervical cancers and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). The clinical application of molecular tests for HPV detection for screening purposes has been of considerable interest. DNA amplification methods allow the use of self-collected samples (including urine) from material collected away from the original disease site. For screening of cervical pathology, detection of HPV-DNA in urine would be useful only if it represents cervical HPV infection and/or HPV-related cervical pathology. We conducted a review of the literature in order to ascertain: (1) if urine is an adequate sample for HPV-detection; (2) whether sensitive techniques are available for HPV-detection in urine and (3) if detection of HPV in urine truly represents cervical infection/pathology. The review process consisted of assembling facts and analysing the published literature on the following facts: anatomical considerations of the lower genital and the lower urinary tract, biological behaviour of HPV and its shedding behaviour, technical issues regarding sample collection, processing and HPV-DNA assay systems, concordance rates of HPV-DNA detection and their type specificity in the paired samples (urine and cervical scrapes) obtained in different clinico-epidemiological settings and comparative detection rates of HSILs in the paired samples.
Theory of Mind Predicts Emotion Knowledge Development in Head Start Children

Research Findings: Emotion knowledge (EK) enables children to identify emotions in themselves and others, and its development facilitates emotion recognition in complex social situations. Sociocognitive processes, such as theory of mind (ToM), may contribute to developing EK by helping children realize the inherent variability associated with emotion expression across individuals and situations. The present study explored how ToM, particularly false belief understanding, in preschool predicts children's developing EK in kindergarten. Participants were 60 Head Start children ages 3 to 5 years. ToM and EK measures were obtained from standardized child tasks. ToM scores were positively related to performance on an EK task in kindergarten after we controlled for preschool levels of EK and verbal ability. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary evidence that ToM serves as an indirect effect between verbal ability and EK. Practice or Policy: Early intervention programs may benefit from including lessons on ToM to help promote socioemotional learning, specifically EK. This consideration may be most fruitful when the targeted population is at risk.
Discrete Pricing and Institutional Design of Dealership Markets

This paper models trade in dealership markets when the price grid is in discrete units. Strategic interaction among market makers is complex: Because prices are no longer determined by a zero expected profits condition, priority rules and the timing of offers—do market makers submit price schedules first, or do traders first submit their orders and then market makers set prices—have significant effects on equilibrium outcomes. Discreteness effectively limits competition and permits market makers to offer profitable quotes. In order-driven institutions where traders first submit orders, absolute time priority leads to the "best" price schedule, one which is "better" than that obtained from quote-driven institutions where brokers submit schedules first. This may explain the institutional structure of the NYSE.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine in children undergoing general anaesthesia with sevoflurane: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Objective The sedative effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) are similar to natural sleep, with easy wakening following Dex administration, and Dex has minor effects on breathing, reducing emergence agitation in children. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of Dex on recovery quality in children following general anaesthesia with sevoflurane, to aid clinical decision making. Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials published before August 2019 were searched and selected from databases. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed included studies for bias risk. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. Results The study included 24 publications. Following general anaesthesia by sevoflurane, Dex was associated with reduced occurrence of emergence agitation (odds ratio [OR] 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11, 0.25) and nausea and vomiting (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24, 0.60), along with shortened eye-opening time (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.72, 95% CI 0.41, 1.03), shortened extubation time (SMD 0.54, 95% CI 0.28, 0.81), and reduced duration of post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.08, 0.51) versus placebo. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has positive effects on recovery quality in children undergoing general anaesthesia with sevoflurane.
Gene–environment interactions in the development of asthma and atopy

Asthma is a complex multifactorial disorder involving a variety of different mechanisms. Little has changed in asthma treatment over the past five decades. There is evidence for a strong genetic component of asthma, but genetic studies have produced heterogeneous results with little replication, with most of the heritability remaining unexplained. The rapid increase in asthma prevalence over a short time period suggests that environmental exposures play an important role, but there is a considerable heterogeneity in the results describing the effect of different environmental exposures. There are many reasons for the lack of replication in genetic association studies and those of environmental exposures. These include the failure to consider that asthma may arise as a consequence of environmental factors, modulating the risk in genetically susceptible individuals via gene–environment interactions. In addition, many studies rely on oversimplified phenotypes often derived through aggregation of several heterogeneous conditions (e.g., ‘physician-diagnosed asthma’).
Campylobacter in housed broiler chickens: a longitudinal study of risk factors

SUMMARY Infections by Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of gastrointestinal disease in the United Kingdom. Most cases are associated with the consumption of chicken that has become contaminated during production. We investigated the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in chickens in a 3-year longitudinal study of flocks reared on 30 farms in the United Kingdom. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Effect Models (GLMM) to investigate putative risk factors associated with incidence and prevalence of flock infection arising from farm and flock management and local environmental conditions during rearing. We used survival analysis to investigate infection events and associated risk factors over the course of the study using two marginal models – the independent increment approach, which assumed that individual infection events were independent; and a conditional approach, which assumed that events were conditional on those preceding. Models of flock prevalence were highly overdispersed suggesting that infection within flocks was aggregated. The key predictors of flock infection identified from the GLMM analyses were mean temperature and mean rainfall in the month of slaughter and also the presence of natural ventilation. Mean temperature in the month of slaughter was also a significant predictor of flock infection, although the analyses suggested that the risk in flocks increased in a unimodal way in relation to temperature, peaking at 12°C. The extent of pad burn was also identified as a predictor in these analyses. We conclude that predicting prevalence within flocks with linear modelling approaches is likely to be difficult, but that it may be possible to predict when flocks are at risk of Campylobacter infection. This is a key first step in managing disease and reducing the risks posed to the human food chain.
Fixed Drug Eruption Caused by Iopamidol, A Contrast Medium

We report a patient who developed a fixed drug eruption caused by the contrast medium, Iopamidol. We diagnosed it by her episode pattern and the results of patch tests. This substance has not been previously implicated as a cause of fixed drug eruption. Immunohistochemical studies showed Fas expression in keratinocytes of the lesion, but not in the uninvolved skin. This finding may explain the preferential localization of fixed drug eruption.
Regularization of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability by surface tension

The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is present in the motion of a vortex sheet without surface tension. This can be seen from the linearization of the equations of motion, and there have also been proofs of ill-posedness for the full nonlinear equations. In the presence of surface tension, the linearized equations no longer exhibit an instability, and it has been believed that the full equations should then be well-posed. In this paper, I sketch a proof that the vortex sheet with surface tension is well-posed in the case of both two- and three-dimensional fluids. The proof in the case of three-dimensional fluids is the joint work with Nader Masmoudi. The method is to first reformulate the problem using suitable variables and parametrizations, and then to perform energy estimates. The choice of variables and parametrizations in the two-dimensional case is the same as that of Hou et al. in a prior numerical work.
Novel tablet formulation of amorphous candesartan cilexetil solid dispersions involving P-gp inhibition for optimal drug delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a novel tablet formulation of amorphous candesartan cilexetil (CAN) solid dispersion involving effective P-gp inhibition for optimal drug delivery by direct compression (DC) method. Methods: To accomplish DC, formulation blends were evaluated for micromeritic properties. The Carr index, Hausner ratio, flow rate and cotangent of the angle α were determined. The tablets with and without naringin prepared by DC technique were evaluated for average weight, hardness, disintegration time and friability assessments. The drug release profiles were determined to study the dissolution kinetics. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in rabbits. Accelerated stability studies were performed for tablets at 40 ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5% for 6 months. Results: FTIR studies confirmed no discoloration, liquefaction and physical interaction between naringin and drug. The results indicated that tablets prepared from naringin presented a dramatic release (82%) in 30 min with a similarity factor (76.18), which is most likely due to the amorphous nature of drug and the higher micromeritic properties of blends. Our findings noticed 1.7-fold increase in oral bioavailability of tablet prepared from naringin with mean Cmax and AUC0–12 h values as 35.81 ± 0.13 μg/mL and 0.14 ± 0.09 μg h/mL, respectively. The tablets with and without naringin prepared by DC technique were physically and chemically stable under accelerated stability conditions upon storage for 6 months. Conclusion: These results are attractive for further development of an oral tablet formulation of CAN through P-gp inhibition using naringin, a natural flavonoid as a pharmaceutical excipient.
Pretransplant serum ferritin level may be a predictive marker for outcomes in patients having undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Iron overload increases the risk of infections, veno-occlusive disease and hepatic dysfunction in post-transplant period. Our objective was to investigate the association of pre-transplant ferritin levels with complications and survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). We retrospectively analysed 84 patients' data who had undergone allogeneic HSCT into two groups: patients with a serum ferritin level ≥ 1000 ng/ml, and patients with <1000 ng/ml at the time of HSCT.Cox-regression analysis showed that pre-transplant serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in patients who had at least one infectious event compared with those who had no any infectious event in the post-transplant 100 days (p<0.023). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were significantly higher in patients with a time-to-tx interval 12 months (p=0.002 and p=0.008 respectively). A higher risk of death was observed in high-ferritin group (hazard ratio=2.27, CI:1.01-5.09, p=0.023 for OS and hazard ratio=2.49, CI:1.12-5.53 p=0.039 for DFS). No significant effect on OS and DFS among groups was observed for variables conditioning regimen, gender and diagnosis. Acute GVHD was more common in patients with a ferritin level ≥ 1000 ng /mL, but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was no statistical significance in both groups (ferritin ≥ 1000 ng /mL and ferritin <1000 ng/mL) for relapse rates (p>0.05). Platelet and neutrophil engaftment day was not found statistically significant compared with both groups (p=0.273 and p=0.882, respectively). Pre-transplant ferritin levels may predict poor outcomes in patients who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Human capital investment: the returns from education and training to the individual, the firm and the economy

This paper provides a non-technical review of the evidence on the returns to education and training for the individual, the firm and the economy at large. It begins by reviewing the empirical work that has attempted to estimate the true causal effect of education and training on individual earnings, focusing on the recent literature that has attempted to control for potential biases in the estimated returns to education and training. It then moves on to review the literature that has looked at the returns from human capital investments to employers. Lack of suitable data and methodological difficulties have resulted in a paucity of studies that have carried out sound empirical work on this issue. In the final part of the review, we look at the work that has tried to assess the contribution of human capital to national economic growth at the macroeconomic level. This work has generally involved using either a ‘growth accounting’ theoretical framework or ‘new growth’ theories. Although the empirical macroeconomic evidence that accompanies this work does not generally allow one to distinguish between the two approaches, there is a substantial body of evidence on the contribution of education to economic growth.
Shortcomings and benefits associated with the implementation of MRP packages: a survey research

This paper present the results of a study of material requirements planning (MRP) implementation in the packaging machinery‐building industry. The research, in particular, has addressed such issues as management and employee responses and the actual versus expected financial and production/logistics benefits. Some of the findings are that, generally, benefits of MRP packages include higher productivity and product quality, that attitudes towards the installations before installation were positive, that the majority of larger companies would purchase more advanced and integrated systems (MRP II and ERPs) in the future and that supplier involvement and project planning (this latter for larger firms) were important components of the effective management of MRP packages introduction.
APPLYING SEQUENTIAL DECISION THEORY TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION DECISIONS

Sequential Decision Theory (SDT) has been proposed to explain the behavior of agents who make similar decisions over time with limited information from the environment. In particular, SDT predicts the actions of decision makers who have both new private information and knowledge of prior decision makers’ actions. In this paper, we provide a brief explanation of SDT, as well as the two theories on which it relies, and then apply the theory to the problem of technology adoption decisions. The theory can be used to predict and explain aspects of technology adoption decisions that existing theories cannot. To test the theory, we formulated hypotheses and then conducted a laboratory experiment. Results indicated support for SDT’s predictions. Specifically, we found that prior adoption decisions positively influence current decision makers’ confidence in adopting, that such confidence increases at a decreasing rate as the number of prior adopters increases, and that decision makers will use new private information to drive their decisions even when it conflicts with prior decision makers’ actions. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
How does organisational absorptive capacity matter in the assimilation of enterprise information systems?

Extant literature offers two mostly distinct perspectives on enterprise systems assimilation – driven either by internal expertise and learning capability or by external institutional pressures. This study combines the two perspectives and subscribes to the view that organisations’ learning capability moderates their acquiescence to institutional pressures. The study then anchors organisational learning capability to the concept of absorptive capacity and proposes that its two dimensions – potential absorptive capacity (PACAP) and realised absorptive capacity (RACAP) – affect enterprise systems assimilation through different pathways. Our survey‐based empirical study of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the post‐implementation stage reveals that while both PACAP and RACAP have a positive direct impact on assimilation, PACAP positively moderates the impact of mimetic (institutional) pressures, but not normative (institutional) pressures, on assimilation; whereas RACAP positively moderates the impact of normative pressures, but not mimetic pressures, on assimilation. Thus, our theoretical contribution lies in understanding the distinct ways in which PACAP and RACAP moderate the influence of external institutional pressures on enterprise systems assimilation.
Subjective Evaluation of Apparent Reduction of Chromatic Blur Depending on Luminance Signals

Chromatic blur seen along the contours of a figure on a color TV display is not so annoying if the contour luminance signal is sharp. This is due to the human visual property that chromatic blur is masked by the luminance by spatial luminance changes. This paper describes the subjective evaluation of the visual masking effect of chromatic blur depending on luminance signals. From the experiments, the chromatic blur becomes less perceptible with the increase in level of superposed luminance signals and the blur is more annoying in red than in blue or yellow. Highly saturated red figures cause poor picture quality.