Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition in South Asia—A Critical Reappraisal

Malnutrition continues to be a major public health challenge especially in South Asian developing countries. The aim of the present review is to spotlight the magnitude of the prevalence of malnutrition and its dynamics in South Asian region and to suggest potential approaches for the prevention and control of this issue of public health significance. An extensive review of literature, covering malnutrition and its determinants, health and economic consequences and pragmatic preventive strategies was performed on computer based bibliographic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline and Sciencedirect.com) to retrieve abstracts and full texts for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. All relevant titles and abstracts were examined and evaluated for malnutrition and its prevalence in South Asia. The results revealed malnutrition to be a major public health problem and a potential cause of high disease burden and mortality in South Asia. Compelling evidence suggests malnutrition to be the leading cause of stunting, wasting and underweight with drastic economic consequences among vulnerable populations. Reduced cognitive performance and low productivity have also been associated with micronutrients malnutrition. Suboptimal breastfeeding, inadequate food supply, micronutrient deficiencies, low household income, poor health care system, increased healthcare costs, illiteracy, unhygienic and substandard living, inappropriate child's care and the caregiver, food insecurity and on top of that vicious cycle of poverty, have been recognized as principal indicators for growing malnutrition prevalence in South Asia. Global organizations, local governments, program managers, NGOs, academia, industry in particular and the society at large need to take up the challenge to completely confiscate malnutrition from the region for economic prosperity and a healthier future.
Prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity in indigenous Australian children: A systematic review

ABSTRACT Evidence-based profiling of obesity and overweight in Indigenous Australian children has been poor. This study systematically reviewed evidence of the prevalence and patterns of obesity/overweight, with respect to gender, age, remoteness, and birth weight, in Indigenous Australian children, 0–18 years (PROSPERO CRD42014007626). Study quality and risk of bias were assessed. Twenty-five publications (21 studies) met inclusion criteria, with large variations in prevalence for obesity or overweight (11 to 54%) reported. A high degree of heterogeneity in study design was observed, few studies (6/21) were representative of the target population, and few appropriately recruited Indigenous children (8/21). Variability in study design, conduct, and small sample sizes mean that it is not possible to derive a single estimate for prevalence although two high-quality studies indicate at least one in four Indigenous Australian children are overweight or obese. Four of six studies reporting on gender, found overweight/obesity higher in girls and eight studies reporting on overweight/obesity by age suggest prevalence increases with age with one high quality large national study reporting total overweight/obesity as 22.4% of children aged 2–4 years, 27.5% of those aged 5–9, 38.5% aged 10–14, and 36.3% aged 15–17. Three of four studies, reporting obesity/overweight by region, found lower rates for children living in more remote areas than urban areas.
Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery: An Integrated Program in Dermatology

While I have reviewed more than 100 books, seldom have I faced a review with more trepidation. Colleagues have told me of their attempts to review major textbooks and I have observed the efforts of distinguished physicians in many fields to cope with this task. Now it's my turn. First, I must confess to a number of conflicts of interest. I am a contributor to this book, having written a small chapter on cutaneous chemotherapy reactions. Second, I am one of the editors of another large dermatology textbook, Demis . Finally, as a young resident I was asked to contribute to Fitzpatrick and have always had a warm spot in my heart for that text. The title suggests that Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery has a few distinguishing features. The "integrated approach" refers to a series of companion volumes, which include 3 currently available books ( Atlas of Cutaneous Surgery, Cutaneous Medicine and
Traffic scheduling for deep packet inspection in software‐defined networks

Deep packet inspection (DPI) is important for network security. In this paper, we consider a software‐defined network where several DPI proxy nodes are available for serving flows from ingress switches. These DPI proxy nodes can be implemented in either software or hardware. We study an integrated proxy allocation and routing determining problem with the objective of minimizing the total delay of flows from ingress switches to DPI proxies. This problem is formulated as an integer linear programming problem that is NP‐hard in general. To solve this problem, we design a 2‐phase algorithm that can quickly select proxy and find routing paths for incoming flows. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm. Some useful parameter setting insights are obtained.
Physical Activity Patterns in Rural-Residing Spousal Caregivers and Cardiac Surgery Patients in the First 6 Months Post-Surgery

Background: Caregivers (CGs) play a major role in cardiac surgery patients’ adoption of secondary prevention strategies. Little research has examined spousal CGs activities to preserve their own health and support patients’ heart-healthy behaviors. Purpose: The aims of this descriptive pilot study are to: 1) compare cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and physical activity (PA) levels and 2) examine trajectories of change in PA patterns at 3 and 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months after cardiac surgery. Sample: 28 rural residing adult (> 60 years) cardiac surgery patients and their spousal CGs. Methods: PA data was obtained from ActiGraph ® accelerometers mailed to dyads at 4 time points after cardiac surgery. Descriptive analyses and multivariate hierarchical modeling were used to describe and identify PA patterns. Findings: The dyads were older (CG M = 68.5 ± 6.6, Patient M = 70.7 ± 6 years) with primarily female CGs (92%) residing in small rural towns (n=26, 46.4%) or farm/ranch (n=16, 28.6%). CV risk factor concordance was evident particularly for hypertension (60.7%) and hypercholesterolemia (25%). CGs and patients spent the majority of time in sedentary activity. Most patients (89.3%) completed cardiac rehabilitation programs and increased their mean minutes/day spent in moderate to vigorous PA over the 4 time points (13.3 ± 15.6 to 22.6 ± 24.4). However, CGs mean minutes/day remained virtually unchanged over time (15.8 ± 20.8 to 12.7 ± 11.7). Considered as dyads, 38% (n=8) showed essentially no change for either member, but for 29% (n=6) the caregiver showed no change while the patient activity increased. Conclusions: CGs were similar in age and comorbidities to their spouses, however, CGs were less likely to increase their PA levels. Health disparities in CVD mortality in the rural population may have additional impact and underscores the need for future targeted interventions addressing CV risk in CGs. Keywords : health behavior, cardiac surgery, caregiver, risk factors DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v14i2. 330
Ugly but tasty: A systematic review of possible human and animal health risks related to entomophagy

ABSTRACT Background: According to many recent studies, the use of insects as food seems to be convenient, sustainable, economical and healthy. The objective of this study is to analyze the possible effects of insect consumption on human and animal health. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Scopus and CAB databases. Results: Of the 6026 items initially retrieved, 70 were eligible for inclusion; 40 studies analyzed the use of insects in human foods or drugs, while 30 analyzed the use of insects in animal feed. In humans, the most commonly analyzed risks are nutrient malabsorption, growth alteration, chemical and microbiological contamination and allergy risk. Studies of animals focus on growth alteration, nutrient malabsorption and hematic and qualitative meat alteration. Conclusion: In recent years, researchers have shifted their focus from the possible use of edible insects in animal feed to their use as possible nutrient sources for humans. The results suggest that, if properly treated and preserved, products derived from insects are safe and efficient sources of nutrients for animals. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible effects of prolonged insect consumption on human health.
Enzymatic browning in avocado (Persea americana) revisited: History, advances, and future perspectives

ABSTRACT Considering nearly 80 years of research regarding one of the enzymes responsible for catalyzing the formation of pigments in higher animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, this review will focus on collecting and categorizing the existing information about polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in fruits, with particular emphasis on the information in relation to avocado, which is one of the hardiest species in terms of inactivation, has documented dual activity (EC 1.14.18.1/EC 1.10.3.1), and represents one of the oldest challenges for food science research and fruit processors. It is expected that this review will contribute to the further development of the field by highlighting the questions that have arisen during the characterization of PPO, the progress that has been made and the questions that remain today, in addition to new methodologies that are being applied to study this system. Holistic methodologies offer unexplored potential for advancing our understanding of the complex phenomena that govern PPO activity in fruits, because these methodologies will enable the characterization of this family of enzymes in all of its complexity. Subsequently, it will be possible to develop better techniques for controlling enzymatic browning in this valuable fruit.
Dietary fats and F2-isoprostanes: A review of the clinical evidence

ABSTRACT Evidence supports that a high dietary fat intake increases oxidative stress and the risk of diet-induced metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. F2-isoprostanes (F2-isoP) are formed by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid and are widely used as reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in clinical studies. Dietary fats may influence F2-isoP levels, as they (1) are metabolic substrates for their formation, (2) modify the lipid composition of tissues, and (3) affect the plasma lipoprotein concentrations which are involved in F2-isoP transport. This review examined the latest clinical evidence on how dietary fats can affect blood circulation and excretion of F2-isoP in individuals with healthy or deteriorated metabolic profiles. Clinical studies reported that saturated or monounsaturated fat-rich diets did not affect F2-isoP levels in adults with healthy or deteriorated metabolic profiles. Though, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased F2-isoP levels in numerous studies, whereas trans-fatty acids raised F2-isoP excretion. Yet, the reported heterogeneous results reveal important considerations, such as the health status of the participants, the biological fluids used to determine F2-isoP, the analytical methods employed and the specific F2-isoP isomers detected. Therefore, future clinical studies should be designed in order to consider these issues in the studies of the effects of fat intake on oxidative stress.
Olive oil authentication: A comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks with especial emphasis on quality and authenticity indices, and recent analytical techniques developed for their assessment. A review

ABSTRACT Over the last decades, olive oil quality and authenticity control has become an issue of great importance to consumers, suppliers, retailers, and regulators in both traditional and emerging olive oil producing countries, mainly due to the increasing worldwide popularity and the trade globalization of this product. Thus, in order to ensure olive oil authentication, various national and international laws and regulations have been adopted, although some of them are actually causing an enormous debate about the risk that they can represent for the harmonization of international olive oil trade standards. Within this context, this review was designed to provide a critical overview and comparative analysis of selected regulatory frameworks for olive oil authentication, with special emphasis on the quality and purity criteria considered by these regulation systems, their thresholds and the analytical methods employed for monitoring them. To complete the general overview, recent analytical advances to overcome drawbacks and limitations of the official methods to evaluate olive oil quality and to determine possible adulterations were reviewed. Furthermore, the latest trends on analytical approaches to assess the olive oil geographical and varietal origin traceability were also examined.
Hypometabolism precedes limbic atrophy and spontaneous recurrent seizures in a rat model of TLE

Purpose: Temporal hypometabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is a common finding in patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The pathophysiology underlying the hypometabolism, including whether it reflects a primary epileptogenic process, or whether it occurs later as result of limbic atrophy or as a result of chronic seizures, remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the ontologic relationship among limbic atrophy, histological changes, and hypometabolism in rats.
Nondestructive quality evaluation of agro-products using acoustic vibration methods—A review

ABSTRACT Quality evaluation of agro-products is quite important because it is the basis for growers, distributers, and consumers. Various novel and emerging nondestructive methods were proposed for quality evaluation of agro-products. The acoustic vibration method is one of the major nondestructive methods for agro-products in pre- and postharvest research and industrial practice. Acoustic vibration characteristics of agro-products can be used for texture evaluation, prediction of optimum eating and harvest ripeness, ripeness classification and defect detection. Generally, there are three parts in the process of acoustic vibration method, including the excitation module, signal acquisition module, and signal-processing module. The impact method and forced method are two excitation methods in the excitation module, and there are contact and noncontact sensors for vibration measurement in the signal acquisition module. Noncontact measurement can meet the requirement of rapid and nondestructive measurement, especially for the on-line detection. However, increasing demand for accurate and cost-effective measurement remains a challenge in the agro-products industry. Comparison of acoustic vibration methods and traditional destructive methods was also discussed, which helps to give a more comprehensive assessment for the acoustic vibration method.
AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION FOR REDUCING THE INTAKE OF DIETARY FATS AND CHOLESTEROL AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER WOMEN

Atherosclerosis (and its associated clinical entities - coronary artery (CHD), cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease) is the major cause of death in the United States. Research has shown that the incidence of heart disease and its related problems can be reduced when adults reduce the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol in their diets. This study measured the effectiveness of a one-day seminar, titled "Cut-the-Fat," on reducing the intake of dietary fats and cholesterol among middle-aged and older adult participants. The study utilized the Reflective Appraisal of Programs (RAP) Design. Four months following the seminar, respondents had adopted an average of 14.57 out of 34 fat and cholesterol reducing practices discussed in the seminar.
Nutritional chemistry of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

ABSTRACT Peanuts, Arachis hypogaea, are one of the most widely consumed legumes globally due to its nutrition, taste, and affordability. Peanuts are protein and energy-rich and have been utilized worldwide to address the nutritional needs in developing countries. Currently, its role in a heart-healthy diet has warranted tremendous attention among consumer groups and within the scientific community. Additionally, current studies have identified the value in the phytonutrient composition of peanuts, such as resveratrol, isoflavonoids, phenolic acids, and phytosterols, which may enhance overall health and wellness. This article presents a comprehensive review of the nutritional chemistry of peanut components (macronutrients—proteins, lipids, carbohydrates; micronutrients—vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients) as related to health and use within the body. An improved comprehensive knowledge and better understanding of the nutritional chemistry of peanuts enables us to better harness the power of these nutrients in improved peanut products within the food and feed industry.
Loss of β1 accessory Na+ channel subunits causes failure of carbamazepine, but not of lacosamide, in blocking high‐frequency firing via differential effects on persistent Na+ currents

Purpose: In chronic epilepsy, a substantial proportion of up to 30% of patients remain refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). An understanding of the mechanisms of pharmacoresistance requires precise knowledge of how AEDs interact with their targets. Many commonly used AEDs act on the transient and/or the persistent components of the voltage‐gated Na+ current (INaT and INaP, respectively). Lacosamide (LCM) is a novel AED with a unique mode of action in that it selectively enhances slow inactivation of fast transient Na+ channels. Given that functional loss of accessory Na+ channel subunits is a feature of a number of neurologic disorders, including epilepsy, we examined the effects of LCM versus carbamazepine (CBZ) on the persistent Na+ current (INaP), in the presence and absence of accessory subunits within the channel complex.
Interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT: Sensitivity in the detection of seizure foci in patients with medically intractable epilepsy

Purpose: Interictal positron emission tomography (PET) and ictal subtraction single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain have been shown to be valuable tests in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. To determine the relative utility of these methods in the localization of seizure foci, we compared interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT to subdural and depth electrode recordings in patients with medically intractable epilepsy.
Syphilis and borreliosis during pregnancy

ABSTRACT: Syphilis and lyme borreliosis have similar etiologic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics. Both are multisystem infectious disorders spread worldwide. Their clinical course can be divided into three stages and as to spirochetal origin, antibiotic therapy is similar too. Taxonomical relationship of Treponema and Borrelia could explain also congenital manifestations well‐known in syphilis, and suggested in borreliosis. Therapy of pregnant women with syphilis and lyme borreliosis should follow the same strategy.
Effect of high pressure treatment on the color of fresh and processed meats: A review

ABSTRACT High pressure (HP) treatment often results in discoloration of beef, lamb, pork, and poultry. The degree of color changes depends on the physical and chemical state of the meat, especially myoglobin, and the atmospheric conditions during and after pressurization. A decreased redness is attributed to a large degree to the oxidation of the bright red oxymyoglobin or the purplish deoxymyoglobin into the brownish metmyoglobin, as well as to the denaturation of myoglobin. Surely, the high myoglobin content makes beef more exposed to this discoloration compared to the white chicken meat. In addition, HP treatment causes denaturation of myofibrillar proteins followed by aggregation, consequently, changing the surface reflectance and increasing lightness. Other intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect the pressure-induced color changes positively or negatively. In this review, the pressure-induced color changes in meat are discussed in relation to modification of the myoglobin molecule, changes in the meat microstructure, and the impact of the presence of different chemical compounds and physical conditions during processing.
Effect of pistachio on brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilatation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled-feeding clinical studies

ABSTRACT Background: Results of previous clinical trials evaluating the effect of pistachio supplementation on endothelial reactivity (ER) are controversial. Aims: We aimed to assess the impact of pistachio on ER through systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available randomized, controlled-feeding clinical studies (RCTs). Methods: The literature search included SCOPUS, PubMed-Medline, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar databases up to 1st August 2017 to identify RCTs investigating the impact of pistachio on ER. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods and outcomes. Overall, the impact of pistachio on ER was reported in 4 trials. Results: The meta-analysis did not suggest a significant change in brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (WMD: +0.28%; 95%CI: −0.58, 1.13; p = 0.525) while brachial artery diameter (BAD) improved (WMD: +0.04%; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.06; p<0.001) following pistachios consumption. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests a significant effect of pistachios on ER, affecting BAD but not FMD.
Coffee consumption and disease correlations

ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. It has primarily consumed due to its stimulant effect and unique taste since the ancient times. Afterwards, its consumption has been historically associated with a lower risk of some diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disease and some type of cancer and thus it has also consumed due to health benefits. It contains many bioactive compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids and diterpenoid alcohols which have so far been associated with many potential health benefits. For example, caffeine reduces risk of developing neurodegenerative disease and chlorogenic acids (CGA) and diterpene alcohols have many health benefits such as antioxidant and chemo-preventive. Coffee also have harmful effects. For example, diterpenoid alcohols increases serum homocysteine and cholesterol levels and thus it has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. Overall, the study that supports the health benefits of coffee is increasing. But, it is thought-provoking that the association with health benefits of coffee consumption and frequency at different levels in each study. For this reason, we aimed to examine the health effect of the coffee and how much consumption is to investigate whether it meets the claimed health benefits.