Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing voltage tunable single and multi-channel optical filter with 1DDPC nano-structure

INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT: An electro-optic tunable single and multi-channel optical filter based on one-dimensional defective photonic crystal (1DDPC) structure is proposed. A couple of externally tunable defects in arrangement of (AB)D1(BA)D2(BA) 5, where A and B are dielectric materials, D1 and D2 are the tunable defects are used. The defects are composed of the ferroelectric LiNbO3 crystals and two pairs of thin Ag layers to make the voltage connections. With this arrangement it is possible to apply different external biases that facilitate the tunability and even more adjustability of the channel frequencies. Depending on the thickness of defect layers, a single or multi resonant peak can be induced inside the photonic band gap which can be employed to filter channels. About 37 nm (46 nm) of blue shift for 300 V and 37 nm (37 nm) of red shift for -300 V biases are observed without (and with) loss incorporation. An important and notable effect that happened was the dispersion loss of the structure due to metal layers is compensated by the negative biases. Our proposed structure can be good candidate to design an externally tunable optical filter and a voltage sensor with potential applications in all-optical signal processing and information communications fields.
Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-associated Mutations Decrease the Thermal Stability of Distinctly Metallated Species of Human Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase*

We report the thermal stability of wild type (WT) and 14 different variants of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Multiple endothermic unfolding transitions were observed by differential scanning calorimetry for partially metallated SOD1 enzymes isolated from a baculovirus system. We correlated the metal ion contents of SOD1 variants with the occurrence of distinct melting transitions. Altered thermal stability upon reduction of copper with dithionite identified transitions resulting from the unfolding of copper-containing SOD1 species. We demonstrated that copper or zinc binding to a subset of “WT-like” FALS mutants (A4V, L38V, G41S, G72S, D76Y, D90A, G93A, and E133Δ) conferred a similar degree of incremental stabilization as did metal ion binding to WT SOD1. However, these mutants were all destabilized by ∼1–6 °C compared with the corresponding WT SOD1 species. Most of the “metal binding region” FALS mutants (H46R, G85R, D124V, D125H, and S134N) exhibited transitions that probably resulted from unfolding of metal-free species at ∼4–12 °C below the observed melting of the least stable WT species. We conclude that decreased conformational stability shared by all of these mutant SOD1s may contribute to SOD1 toxicity in FALS.
SOME PROBLEMS OF PROCESSING BIG DATA

Modern information technology allows receiving useful information from unprocessed data and facts. We can apply and use this information in various fields of human activities. The main problem is that size of data becomes astronomically large and continues to grow rapidly, despite the fact that they can already be measured in terabytes, petabytes, exabytes In addition, the data that needs to be effectively processed can be not only structured, but the unstructured, quasistructured.
Based EssayQuestion Answering System for University Entrance Examination

This paper describes an open knowledge (Wikipedia) based question answering system that generates essays to answer the real examination questions for the admission to the Tokyo University. Questions are formulated in English and their answers are also expected in English, although they are to be found in Japanese language textbooks. This cross-lingual narrow domain question task is a hard task because most questions are based on the limited target language knowledge base which is only available in its original language. Large scale open-domain knowledge resources will certainly contain the answers, but retrieving them is difficult due to their inherent high signal to noise ratio. To overcome Wikipedia’s high signal to noise ratio, we carefully calculate the weights of the keywords extracted from the question, based on a tf-idf score of the entire Wikipedia. The relevant articles are then retrieved and sets of passages are extracted based on the weighted keywords. Cherry picking, generative method, or sentence ordering strategies are subsequently used to generate short or long essays. The results of the end-to-end evaluation indicate that the proposed system succeeded to generate better essays compared with the previous research that also uses Wikipedia and the reference system that uses machine translated Japanese textbooks.
A kinesin family tree.

The kinesin tree was built from a sequence alignment of 144 kinesin motor domains from 31 species using the heuristic search method of PAUP v. 4.0b4a ( [Swofford, 1998][1]), a maximum parsimony program, and random stepwise addition and ‘tree-bisection-reconnection’ (TBR) branch swapping. The
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF MULTICAST PIM-DM AND PIM-SM PROTOCOLS OVER IPV 6

Business and multimedia entertainment applications need sending at the same time to multiple users or specific groups. IP multicast is an efficient and scalable network layer delivering mechanism for multimedia content to a large number of receivers over the Internet. It has mechanism that offers bandwidth optimization and reductions the time required for sending data to multiple destinations. In traditional IP networks, packets are sent to single target (unicast). Currently, the demand of multimedia communication has increase in several fields; especially multimedia applications such as video and audio, distance learning and entertainment. Furthermore, Application requirements forwarding packets in the same time to multiple users or specific groups. Unicast protocol has a number of problems preventing its successful deployment of these applications. These problems contain inefficient bandwidth, high cost, congestion and more collision in the networks. Thus, Multicast protocols through IPv6 were developed to overcome these problems. There are already exist a few protocols implementing multicast transmission in real networks like PIM-SM and PIM-DM. In this paper, simulation was done using NS-2 simulator to evaluate the performance of each those protocols based on delay, jitter, packet loss and throughput with variable receivers. The paper consists of one main scenario; which involves of network topology with a few numbers of receivers with three sources, seven receivers and seventeen intermediate nodes. Simulation shows that, the PIM-SM has the better result in term of packet loss, delay, jitter and throughput. Therefore, this results show that, the PIM-SM protocols are more appropriate to be utilize in WAN environments.
Reporting verb in research projects of EFL English major students

In academic writing at the university, students need to employ various sources and refer to the research of others. One of important instruments that are used to talk or report on other peoples work is reporting verb. However, EFL students are frequently insufficient to use it properly. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate 1) which reporting verbs are most frequently used by EFL English major students in their researcher projects, and 2) which group of reporting verbs do most of them use in the research projects. In order to accomplish the purposes of the study, a corpus of 52 research projects written by EFL English major students was selected and investigated. Additionally, this study adopted the categorization of Francis, Huston, and Manning (1996) to classify reporting verbs. The findings showed that the top five high frequency reporting verbs were “show”, “find”, “present”, “analyse”, and “state”. After classifying the reporting verb groups, the findings also presented that the highest percentage of reporting verb groups of this study were the ARGUE verb group (50%) followed by THINK (18.75%), SHOW (12.5), FIND (12.5%), and ADD verb group (6.25%) respectively.
Ischemic Perinatal Stroke: Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Ischemic perinatal stroke is a disorder associated with significant long-term neurologic morbidity. With an estimated incidence of 1 in 2300 to 5000 births, stroke is more likely to occur in the perinatal period than at any time in childhood. The incidence of ischemic perinatal stroke ranks second only to that of strokes in the elderly population. Although ischemic perinatal stroke is a well-recognized disorder, many aspects remain to be studied. There is no consensus on its terminology, definition, or classification. Several risk factors have been identified, but their precise roles in causing stroke are not well understood. There are no reliable predictors of ischemic perinatal stroke on which to base prevention or treatment strategies. To review these important issues and propose a research agenda, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke convened a workshop in August 2006. This article provides a summary of the workshop.
Establishment of and comparison between orthotopic xenograft and subcutaneous xenograft models of gallbladder carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common carcinoma of the biliary system. Among its research models, orthotopic xenograft models, important research tools, have been rarely reported in the literature however. AIM To explore establishment of an orthotopic xenograft model and to evaluate the advantage and disadvantage as compared with other models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic xenograft models of gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice were established and compared with human gallbladder carcinomas. RESULTS For the orthotopic xenograft model and clinical gallbladder carcinomas, the lymph node metastatic rates were 69.2% and 53.3% (p>0.05); ascites generation rates, 38.5% and 11.7%(p<0.05); liver invasive rates, 100% and 61.7%(p<0.05); and lymphatic vessel densities (LVD), 10.4 ± 3.02 and 8.77 ± 2.92 (p>0.05), respectively. In the subcutaneous xenograft model, no evidence of ascites generation, lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis were found, and its LVD was lower (4.56 ± 1.53, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the subcutaneous xenograft model, the orthotopic xenograft model better simulates clinical gallbladder carcinoma in terms of metastasis and invasion, which may be attributed to the difference in microenvironment and LVD.
The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Is a DNA-binding Protein*

The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein is a putative transcription regulator with two plant homeodomain-type zinc fingers, a putative DNA-binding domain (SAND), and four nuclear receptor binding LXXLL motifs. We have shown here thatin vitro, recombinant AIRE can form homodimers and homotetramers that were also detected in thymic protein extracts. Recombinant AIRE also oligomerizes spontaneously upon phosphorylation by cAMP dependent protein kinase A or protein kinase C. Similarly, thymic AIRE protein is phosphorylated at the tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. AIRE dimers and tetramers, but not the monomers, can bind to G-doublets with the ATTGGTTA motif and the TTATTA-box. Competition assays revealed that sequences with one TTATTA motif and two tandem repeats of ATTGGTTA had the highest binding affinity. These findings demonstrate that AIRE is an important DNA binding molecule involved in immune regulation.
Teachers ’ Perceptions of their Professional Identity in Relation to their Experiences in Two Deprived Rural Districts of Northern Ghana

This paper presents findings in my PhD study, which is work in progress. The main aim of this study is to understand how public basic school teachers in two deprived rural districts of Northern Ghana perceive their professional identity based on interpretation of their experiences. Thus, the conceptual framework is based on teachers‟ experiences in relation to the contextual dimension of their work (i.e. the school environment, community and district education management); the professional dimension and the personal dimension. Data collection was carried out in Ghana from December 2016 to February 2017. Seven teachers were purposively selected across the Bongo and Nabdam Districts to serve as focus teachers for the study. Data collection utilised semi-structured interviews and participant observations, while analysis involved exploring themes inherent in the data. The findings revealed that teachers‟ perceptions of their professional identity were influenced not only by their personal values of making a difference in the lives of children, but also by their experiences in their schools, community, District Education Offices and policy environment. Consequently, there emerged opposing dimensions of teachers‟ perceptions of professional identity as they were torn between sustaining their commitment to fulfilling their personal values in teaching and coping with constraints imposed by their work environment. Teachers still demonstrated commitment. However, their sense of commitment was under threat as they were prone to burnout. The findings have implications for policy and practice which include the need to create more opportunities for teachers to participate in the policy decision making processes. Districts education authority, school heads and parents also need to find ways of empathising with teachers, showing appreciation through praise and respecting teachers‟ professional knowledge and expertise.
Sharpening the Edges to Leverage Seismics

Reflection seismics is the preferred technique for imaging the sub-surface of the earth down to the basin level, and thus provides most of the primary information pertaining to the structures inside potentially oil/gas-bearing basins. Due to the acquisition geometry, however, reflection seismics illuminates near-vertical features sub-optimally. This results, for example, in poor spatial resolution of flanks of salt structures. Additional types of seismic data (crosswell, turning ray etc.) thus needs to be acquired/processed and interpreted in order to properly assess the hydrocarbon potential associated with such regions, adding significantly to the costs.
Blind Speech Dereverberation Based on a Statistical Model

We present an algorithm to dereverberate single-channel audio signals in both noisy and noise-free acoustical environments. Recently, the model-based dereverberation that use the statistical model for room impulse responses (RIRs) is considered to be a fairly attractive approach for reverberant speech, since existing model-based estimators show the late reverberant spectral variance (LRSV) is linear-related to the previous spectral variance of noise-free reverberant signals. However, these estimators may accumulate the estimation errors of LRSV from frame to frame, especially in noisy acoustical environments. In order to improve the accuracy of the LRSV estimation, we first extend LRSV estimator to estimate the LRSV in noisy environments. And then, in each frame, for each frequency bin, the estimated LRSV is updated recursively with the maximum likelihood estimation of the current reverberant power. The effectiveness of the present method in terms of the quality of the recovered signals is confirmed by experiments.
Comparison of Financial Performances of Domestic and Foreign Banks : The Case of Turkey

Banking system plays an important role in the development of a country’s economy and its financial stability. The aim of this study is to compare financial performances of foreign and domestic banks, which operate in Turkish Banking Sector. For this purpose, data of 10 domestic and 10 foreign banks, which operated, between the years 2005-2011 have been used. In this study, differences of domestic and foreign banks in terms of profitability, capital adequacy, asset quality, riskiness, size, liquidity and management effectiveness have been put forth. As a result of the study, it is determined that asset quality, return on equities, total assets and management effectiveness of domestic banks are higher than foreign banks. On the other hand, domestic banks are determined to have a lesser capital adequacy ratio than foreign banks.
Probing the stability of nonglycosylated wild-type erythropoietin protein via reiterative alanine ligations

Nonglycosylated erythropoietin bearing acetamidomethyl protecting groups at the cysteine residues has been synthesized via chemical methods. Alanine ligation was used to assemble four peptide fragments, themselves prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. This work outlines a route for the synthesis of homogeneous glycosylated erythropoietin.
Spatial Prevalence of Intellectual Disability and Related Socio-Demographic Factors in Iran, Using GWR: Case Study (2006)

Background: Although intellectual disability (ID) is a common disability in Iran, there is no investigation on the spatial distribution pattern of these patients in national level and the spatial maps for recognition the areas with higher prevalence of IDs and local neighborhoods of these regions or effect of socio-demographic factor on this scattering is not still available. This proposition motivated us to assess the population with ID in our country. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we applied Moran's Index (Moran's I) which includes information about the strength of the neighboring association between counties, as global univariate distribution assessment. A geographically weighted regression was used to explore relation between ID patient's prevalence and some socio-demographic factors (migration and illiteracy rate, physician number (PN)/10,000 people and health-care centers (HCCs)/10,000 people). Results: We found that spatial clusters of ID patients exist among Iran counties (Moran's I = 0.36, P < 0.01) and in a rural area population groups (Moran's I = 0.20, P < 0.01). Further, we detected spatial associations between ID patients and all of our investigated socio-demographic factors in national scale. In rural areas, illiteracy has high association with ID especially in the south region of Iran. Urban area has random pattern of ID patients both within and between the Iran counties (Moran's I = 0.01, P > 0.3). Conclusions: According to the results, our Initial hypothesis about the existence of spatial clusters in distribution of people with ID in Iran was proven. Spatial autocorrelation between migration and illiteracy rate and prevalence of patients with ID was shown and was in agreement with our hypothesis. However, our supposition that the prevalence should have inverse relationship with PN and HCC was rejected.
On Vocabulary Insertion1

In this paper we propose a unified insertion mechanism for functional and lexical vocabulary items. We adopt De Belder & Van Craenenbroeck’s (to appear) theory of Merge, from which the base generation of root positions in the syntactic structure follows naturally. A corollary of this theory is that the mechanism of Vocabulary Insertion is asymmetric: while both functional and lexical vocabulary items can be inserted in root positions, only the former are possible insertion candidates for functional terminal nodes. We present case studies from selfreference and semi-lexical items in support of this asymmetry.
Transmission of group A streptococci: III. The effect of drying on the infectivity of the organism for man

The sources of airborne bacteria within living quarters are minute droplet nuclei which remain suspended in the air following expulsion from a carrier and contaminated particles which have become suspended from dried environmental deposits. Since group A streptococci may be isolated from environmental deposits in populations experiencing an epidemic of streptococcal respiratory disease (Loosli, Lemon, Wise & Robertson, 1952), it has been assumed that contaminated particles of dust serve as an important reservoir of infection. Indeed, many of our measures employed to control respiratory infection in recent years have been directed against this reservoir.
Abscisic Acid Mediates a Divergence in the Drought Response of Two Conifers1[W][OA]

Differences in drought survival strategies of conifer species are linked to the interaction between hormone dynamics and water tension in the water transport system. During water stress, stomatal closure occurs as water tension and levels of abscisic acid (ABA) increase in the leaf, but the interaction between these two drivers of stomatal aperture is poorly understood. We investigate the dynamics of water potential, ABA, and stomatal conductance during the imposition of water stress on two drought-tolerant conifer species with contrasting stomatal behavior. Rapid rehydration of excised shoots was used as a means of differentiating the direct influences of ABA and water potential on stomatal closure. Pinus radiata (Pinaceae) was found to exhibit ABA-driven stomatal closure during water stress, resulting in strongly isohydric regulation of water loss. By contrast, stomatal closure in Callitris rhomboidea (Cupressaceae) was initiated by elevated foliar ABA, but sustained water stress saw a marked decline in ABA levels and a shift to water potential-driven stomatal closure. The transition from ABA to water potential as the primary driver of stomatal aperture allowed C. rhomboidea to rapidly recover gas exchange after water-stressed plants were rewatered, and was associated with a strongly anisohydric regulation of water loss. These two contrasting mechanisms of stomatal regulation function in combination with xylem vulnerability to produce highly divergent strategies of water management. Species-specific ABA dynamics are proposed as a central component of drought survival and ecology.
Does the Drop‐Foot Stimulator Improve Walking in Hemiplegia?

This article presents an overview of the research and clinical experience of the use of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for the treatment of drop‐foot in hemiplegia. The article reviews the evidence from the literature over the past 10 years to answer the question posed in the title. A description and explanation of drop‐foot stimulation is followed by a review and discussion of the literature based on a search of the databases Medline, Cinhal, and Embase from 1990 to 2000, using the key words: stimulation and hemiplegia and (common and peroneal) or (functional and electrical) and (walking or gait) and drop* foot).