Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A behavioral evaluation of brain‐scan estimates of lesion size

SUMMARYThe possibility that the brain scan can be used to estimate the magnitude of a cerebral lesion is tested by correlating the volume of a lesion calculated from its scan image with [1] a functional deficit in simple reaction time and [2] its volume measured from pathological data. In 20 patients with unilateral lesions of the right hemisphere, significant correlations were obtained with both auditory and visual reaction times. For cases of primary tumor, the correlations were highest and indicate that reaction time is elevated in direct proportion to lesion volume. An error of about 30% in estimating actual lesion volume from the scan is indicated. For metastases and vascular lesions, the correlations between scan volume and reaction time were positive but not statistically significant. In 23 cases with lesions of the left hemisphere, on the other hand, reaction time and scan volume were not correlated, although reaction times were higher than for normal subjects. In 7 cases of primary tumor that came to autopsy, a correlation of +. 87 was obtained between lesion volume estimated from the brain scan and from pathological data.
Schemes of optimization of energy detection receivers for UWB-IR communication systems under different channel model

In this paper, the optimal energy detection receivers for on-off keying (OOK) in ultra-wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) systems are discussed.We discuss three schemes of optimizing receivers, the first one optimizes the integration interval, the second one optimizes the energy threshold value, and the last one is the scheme of combination of these two schemes. Their characteristics are evaluated by computer simulation.
Removal of Doripenem During Hemodialysis and the Optimum Dosing Regimen for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

The removal of doripenem by hemodialysis was studied in six hemodialysis patients. Following an intravenous drip infusion of 0.5 g of doripenem, plasma concentrations of the drug were measured. The decrease in drug concentrations in plasma was observed during various periods of non‐hemodialysis, and hemodialysis accelerated the elimination of doripenem. For example, the calculated mean half‐life during hemodialysis was significantly shorter than that during non‐hemodialysis periods (P = 0.002). The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the mean rate of decrease in plasma concentration due to hemodialysis alone was 56.12 ± 8.11%. Upon obtaining these results and several pharmacokinetic parameters, we attempted to optimize the dosing regimen of doripenem for hemodialysis patients. We recommend the use of 0.25 g of doripenem once a day in patients infected with viable bacteria, and in patients who are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.5 g twice a day on the first day of administration, followed by 0.5 g once a day.
Ages of Late Spectral Type Vega-like Stars

We have estimated the ages of eight late-type Vega-like stars by using standard age-dating methods for single late-type stars, e.g., location on the color-magnitude diagram, Li λ6708 absorption, Ca II H and K emission, X-ray luminosity, and stellar kinematic population. With the exception of the very unusual pre-main-sequence star system HD 98800, all the late-type Vega-like stars are the same age as the Hyades cluster (600-800 Myr) or older.
Usefulness of the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

BACKGROUND Wearable cardioverter-defibrillators (WCD) have been available in Japan since April 2014, but their application is still limited. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report 9 patients with a WCD applied between April and September 2014. All patients were at high risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. During WCD use, 1 patient had sustained ventricular tachycardia and successful shock delivery; 6 (67%) subsequently underwent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy, while 2 had no requirement because of reduced risk, and 1 died of heart failure during WCD use. CONCLUSIONS WCD is useful during acute-phase care of high-risk patients, and may help to avoid unnecessary ICD implantation.
Geodesic distance based aproach for sentence similarity computation

This paper presents a novel approach based on geodesic distance for sentence similarity computation, which can be used in a query-based information retrieval system. Unlike the traditional distance methods, geodesic distance takes into account the spatial relationships of sentences, which better reflects the intrinsic geometric structure of sentence manifold. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method shows a better correlation to human intuition compared with traditional Euclidean method.
Moderate Hyperhomocysteinemia and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

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Overexpression of angiogenin in pterygium body fibroblasts and its association with proliferative potency.

PURPOSE Angiogenin (ANG) originally was identified as an angiogenic tumor factor, and recently its biologic activity is extended to stimulating cell proliferation. With viewing pterygium as a tumorigenic mimicry, we investigated ANG profiles within pterygia. METHODS Expression levels of ANG were assessed using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blotting through examination of excised specimens and cultured fibroblasts from pterygium and conjunctiva tissues. The phenotypes of pterygia were classified by four grading indices, including recurrence, growth activity, pterygium body translucency (T), and vascularity (V). Then, ANG levels in pterygia were differentiated according to phenotypes of pterygia, and were compared to levels in normal conjunctiva. Furthermore, to investigate ANG-related acquisition of proliferative potency in fibroblasts, the correlation between ANG and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels was evaluated. RESULTS In immunohistochemistry, ANG was expressed strongly in pterygium stroma with all four severe phenotypes (with recurrence, active growth, thick body [T3], and marked vascularization [V3]), especially at the perivascular areas. There was a trend toward higher ANG expression in cultured fibroblasts of pterygia with severe phenotype, compared to those without and with normal conjunctiva. However, pterygium body V had a weak association with ANG expression. Additionally, Western blotting revealed a significant positive correlation between the expression levels of α-SMA and ANG. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of ANG in pterygium body fibroblasts might be involved in active pterygium growth with thick pterygium body formation and increased risk of recurrence. A possible mechanism for this finding includes ANG-related transition of pterygium fibroblasts to the proliferative state.
Contrast and response gain control depend on cortical map architecture

Visual cortical neurons are sensitive to visual stimulus contrast and most cells adapt their sensitivity to the prevailing visual environment. Specifically, they match the steepest region of their contrast response function to the prevailing contrast (contrast gain control), and reduce spike rates to limit saturation (response gain control). Most neurons are also tuned for stimulus orientation, and neurons with similar orientation preference are clustered together into iso‐orientation zones arranged around pinwheels, i.e. points where all orientations are represented. Here we investigated the relationship between the contrast adaptation properties of neurons and their location relative to pinwheels in the orientation preference map. We measured orientation preference maps in cat cortex using optical intrinsic signal imaging. We then characterized the contrast adaptation properties of single neurons located close to pinwheels, in iso‐orientation zones, and at regions in between. We found little evidence of differential contrast sensitivity of neurons adapted to zero contrast. However, after adaptation to their preferred orientation at high contrast, changes in both contrast and response gain were greater for neurons near pinwheels compared with other map regions. Therefore, in the adapted state, which is probably typical during natural viewing, there is a spatial map of contrast sensitivity that is associated with the orientation preference map. This differential adaptation revealed a new dimension of cortical functional organization, linking the contrast adaptation of cells with the orientation preference of their nearest neighbours.
Food specific oral immunotherapy: a potential treatment for food allergy

Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition affecting up to 8% of children and up to 2% of adults in westernized countries. There are currently no approved treatments for food allergy apart from avoidance. The apparent increase in incidence of food allergies over the past few decades calls attention to the need for effective, disease-modifying therapies for food allergies. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising experimental treatment in which food allergic patients consume increasing quantities of food in attempt to increase their threshold for allergic reaction. Studies are ongoing to determine whether OIT is capable of safely inducing not only desensitization but also tolerance to the allergenic foods. This article focuses on recent relevant studies of OIT for the treatment of common food allergies.
Ageing and degradation mechanism of linear low density polyethylene-natural rubber composites due to partial discharge

Ageing and degradation mechanism of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)-natural rubber (NR) composites after subjected to partial discharge (PD) activities is presented in this paper. The LLDPE-NR blends and LLDPE-NR composites containing nano-sized fillers, montmorillonite (MMT) and Titanium (IV) Oxide (TiO2) were produced by a twin-screw extruder. The Maleic anhydride grafted linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-MAH) of 10 wt% was added as a compatibilizer. The entire of LLDPE-NR blends and composites were conducted with partial discharge test according to CIGRE Method II. Surface of LLDPE-NR blends and composites specimen showed severe chalking and discoloration on the side of high voltage electrode. The surface morphological changes were studied in detail using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The SEM micrographs of aged LLDPE-NR specimens showed that the surface structure become porous and degradation appeared. The longer of ageing time result the more severe degradation on the surface of specimens. In addition, the morphological analysis result based on the EDX spectrum of the degraded LLDPE-NR composite specimen revealed the existence of O1s peak anticipates that the oxidation of the insulation specimen proceeded.
[Extraction of a big-sized common bile duct stone by means of biliary sphincterotomy followed by papillary dilatation with a hydrostatic balloon].

An 83-year-old woman was admitted because of colicky pain in the abdominal right upper quadrant and a cholestatic pattern in liver chemistry. Transcutaneous abdominal ultrasound showed a huge dilation of the extrahepatic bile duct. A distal common bile duct stone was also observed. An endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) was performed. Vater’s papilla was located in the right rim of a duodenal diverticulum. At cholangiography a common bile duct stone was observed. It was ovoid in shape and had a size of 19 mm in the largest diameter (Fig. 1). An endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy procedure was performed. As Vater’s papilla was in a juxtadiverticular position, sphincterotomy size could not be extended beyond approximately 5 mm. This papillary opening seemed unlikely to allow common bile duct stone extraction. Then a sphincterotomy dilatation was performed. A 15-mm in diameter hydrostatic balloon was employed (Figs. 2 and 3). Afterwards, the common bile duct was swept with an extraction balloon and choledocholithiasis was removed (Fig. 4). The common bile duct stone slipped easily through the dilated papillary opening even though its size was greater than the papillary dilatation.
Cholesterol and LDL relate to neuritic plaques and to APOE4 presence but not to neurofibrillary tangles.

UNLABELLED Elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) has been considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but conflicting results have confused understanding of the relationships of serum lipids to the presence of AD in the elderly. METHODS To clarify these issues, we evaluated correlations of admission TC, low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL)cholesterol directly with the densities of Alzheimer hallmarks--neuritic plaques (NP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT)--in nursing home residents (n=281). RESULTS Significant positive associations of TC and LDL with NP densities were found in both the neocortex (TC: r=0.151, p=0.013 and LDL: r=0.190, p=0.005) and the hippocampal/entorhinal (allocortical)region (TC: r=0.182, p=0.002 and LDL: r=0.203, p=0.003). Associations of HDL with NP were less strong but also significant.In contrast, after adjustment for confounders, no correlations of NFT with any lipid were significant.When subjects with any non-AD neuropathology (largely vascular) were excluded, the TC-plaque and LDL-plaque associations for the remaining "Pure AD" subgroup were consistently stronger than for the full sample. The TC- and LDL-plaque correlations were also stronger for the subgroup of 87 subjects with an APOE ε4 allele. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that serum TC and LDL levels clearly relate to densities of NP, but not to densities of NFT. The stronger associations found in the subgroup that excluded all subjects with non-AD neuropathology suggest that cerebrovascular involvement does not explain these lipid-plaque relationships. Since the associations of TC/LDL with NP were particularly stronger in ε4 carriers, varying prevalence of this allele may explain some discrepancies among prior studies.
Thermoelectric properties and chlorine doping effect of In4Pb0.01Sn0.03Se2.9Clx polycrystalline compounds.

We investigated the thermoelectric properties of Cl-doped polycrystalline compounds In4Pb0.01Sn0. 03Se2.9Clx (x = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06). X-ray diffraction measurement shows a gradual change in lattice volume for x ≤ 0.04 without any impurity phases indicating a systemic change in Cl doping. The Cl doping in the compounds has the effect of increasing carrier concentration and the effective mass of carriers, resulting in an increase in power factor at a high temperature (∼700 K). Because of the increased electrical conductivity at a high temperature, the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT reaches 1.25 at 723 K for the x = 0.04 Cl-doped compound, which is a relatively high value for n-type polycrystalline materials.
Transition of distinctive symptoms of semantic dementia during longitudinal clinical observation

Background/Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the clinical symptoms in a number of semantic dementia (SD) patients and to reveal the longitudinal progression and clinical course of these distinctive symptoms of SD. Methods: 19 consecutive SD patients were examined. Symptoms were classified into 23 distinct categories: behavioral symptoms, language and cognitive symptoms and symptoms concerning the impairment of activities of daily living (ADL). We divided patients into two subgroups, left- and right-dominant SD, and compared the onset of each symptom. Results: Language impairments occurred as the initial symptom in 16 cases. At the first examination, all cases showed both anomia and impairment of word comprehension. By around 3 years after onset, almost all language impairments were observed. Approximately 3–5 years after onset, prosopagnosia and behavioral symptoms appeared. Around the period when the loss of the language faculty and apathy became remarkable, impairment of ADL appeared. Patients spent all day in bed at this stage. Moreover, prosopagnosia appeared significantly earlier in right-dominant SD. Conclusion: Our findings clarify the progression of distinctive symptoms of SD patients. It is necessary to create a treatment strategy for SD patients with such a disease-specific course of SD.
When Consistency Matters: The Effect of Valence Consistency on Review Helpfulness

When evaluating the helpfulness of online reviews, review valence is a particularly relevant factor. This research argues that the influence of review valence is highly dependent on its consistency with the valence of other available reviews. Using both field and experimental data, this paper show that consistent reviews are perceived as more helpful than inconsistent reviews, independent of them being positive or negative. Experiments show that this valence consistency effect is driven by causal attributions, such that consistent reviews are more likely to be attributed to the actual product experience, while inconsistent reviews are more likely to be attributed to some reviewer idiosyncrasy. Supporting the attribution theory framework, reviewer expertise moderates the effect of consumers' causal attributions on review helpfulness.
Development of pulmonary fibrosis through a pathway involving the transcription factor Fra-2/AP-1

Studies using genetically modified mice have revealed fundamental functions of the transcription factor Fos/AP-1 in bone biology, inflammation, and cancer. However, the biological role of the Fos-related protein Fra-2 is not well defined in vivo. Here we report an unexpected profibrogenic function of Fra-2 in transgenic mice, in which ectopic expression of Fra-2 in various organs resulted in generalized fibrosis with predominant manifestation in the lung. The pulmonary phenotype was characterized by vascular remodeling and obliteration of pulmonary arteries, which coincided with expression of osteopontin, an AP-1 target gene involved in vascular remodeling and fibrogenesis. These alterations were followed by inflammation; release of profibrogenic factors, such as IL-4, insulin-like growth factor 1, and CXCL5; progressive fibrosis; and premature mortality. Genetic experiments and bone marrow reconstitutions suggested that fibrosis developed independently of B and T cells and was not mediated by autoimmunity despite the marked inflammation observed in transgenic lungs. Importantly, strong expression of Fra-2 was also observed in human samples of idiopathic and autoimmune-mediated pulmonary fibrosis. These findings indicate that Fra-2 expression is sufficient to cause pulmonary fibrosis in mice, possibly by linking vascular remodeling and fibrogenesis, and suggest that Fra-2 has to be considered a contributing pathogenic factor of pulmonary fibrosis in humans.
A two-dimensional technique for frequency-wavenumber estimation

Simultaneous frequency and wavenumber estimation using two-dimensional (2-D) linear prediction on a space-time data array is investigated. The method used is a direct extension of our previously presented one-dimensional (1-D) frequency estimation technique. It is relatively simple computationally and is superior to the 2-D Fourier transform method in resolving signals closely spaced in frequency and wavenumber.