Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evidence-based approach to reduce nuisance alarms and alarm fatigue.

decisions about where to program alarm settings, Masimo Corp. based in Irvine, CA conducted an analysis of 32 million pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) data points from 10 hospital general post-surgical care areas. Each hospital was equipped with a Masimo Patient SafetyNetTM remote monitoring and clinician notification system, which continuously captures and stores time-stamped SpO 2 data with a one-second resolution. This paper reports on the results of a retrospective analysis conducted by the company to determine the incidence of alarms at various alarm threshold and delay settings.
[The lipopolysaccharide structure of Haemophilus parasuis strains in SDS-PAGE].

The LPS patterns of 231 H.p. strains were studied by using SDS-PAGE. The strains were isolated from the nasal mucous membrane of clinical healthy animals, from animals with GK and from animals with pneumonia without any symptoms of GK. The LPS patterns of H.p. strains consists of 2 to 4 bands of high electrophoretical mobility. In all it was possible to distinguish seven different LPS electrophoretic profiles. The distribution of the H.p. isolates from clinically healthy animals and animals with GK or pneumonia to the 7 LPS electrophoretic profiles shows a similar picture. Variation in the growth conditions showed a process of a standardization of the LPS structure as a result of an increased CO2 atmosphere or lack of O2 respectively.
Couples' Nighttime Sleep Efficiency and Concordance: Evidence for Bidirectional Associations With Daytime Relationship Functioning

Objective: To examine prospectively the directionality of the association between daily relationship functioning and nightly sleep quality and the association between couples' relationship functioning and concordance in sleep-wake rhythms. Emerging evidence suggests the existence of bidirectional links between sleep and relational processes in dyads, but to date, this research has been primarily cross sectional. Methods: Sleep was measured via both diaries and wrist actigraphy for 7 days in 29 heterosexual cosleeping couples. Ecological momentary assessment methods were used to characterize daily relationship functioning. Dyadic, multilevel analyses were used to examine the degree to which nightly sleep efficiency or within-couple concordance in sleep timing predicted the next day's relational functioning and vice versa. Results: In the first set of analyses, for men, higher diary-based sleep efficiency predicted less negative partner interaction the following day. For women, less negative partner interaction during the day predicted greater actigraphy-based sleep efficiency that night. Furthermore, if women reported more positive and less negative daytime partner interaction during the day, this also predicted higher diary-based sleep efficiency for their male partners that night. In the second set of analyses, among females only, lower diary- or actigraphy-based sleep onset concordance respectively predicted less positive and more negative partner interactions the next day. Conclusions: Bidirectional associations seem to exist between sleep parameters and interpersonal interaction and may represent a novel pathway linking close relationships with physical and mental health. APIM = Actor-Partner Interdependence Model; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition; EMA = Ecological Momentary Assessment; GNT = good night time; RAS = Relationship Assessment Scale; SE = sleep efficiency; SOL = sleep onset latency; VAS = visual analogue scale; WASO = wake after sleep onset.
A simplified application of regular expressions: With the extraction of Chinese cultural terms as an example

This article aims to solve the problem of extracting the cultural terms and their correspondent English translations from the heterogeneous literature of the translation of the ancient Chinese classics. As the tool of text processing, regular expressions can help to realize the matching in the patterned text. This research focuses on design the target-oriented regular expressions to fit the pattern of the to-be-searched text so as to improve the operating efficiency. At the same time, the generator of regular expressions is designed to decrease the difficulty of its application.
Body Temperatures in the Elderly: A National Study of Physiological, Social, and Environmental Conditions

Two large-scale surveys of body temperatures in elderly people living at home were carried out in the winter of 1972. Most of the homes visited were cold with room temperatures below the minimum recommended by the Department of Health. Deep body temperatures below 35·5°C were found in 10% of those studied, and the difference between the skin temperature and the core temperature was also reduced in this group. Such individuals are at risk of developing hypothermia since they show evidence of some degree of thermoregulatory failure. Further research is needed, but meanwhile there are practical measures that could be taken to reduce the risk of hypothermia in the elderly.
The prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban Indian population: the Singapore Indian Eye Study.

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban Singaporean Indian population. METHODS The Singapore Indian Eye Study (SINDI) was a population-based, cross-sectional survey that examined 3400 (75.6% response) persons aged 40 to 80 years. Participants underwent a standardized examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and dilated optic disc assessment. Participants suspected to have glaucoma also underwent visual field examination (24-2 SITA standard, Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer II), gonioscopy, and repeat applanation tonometry. Glaucoma was defined according to International Society for Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology criteria. RESULTS Of the 3400 participants, 78 (2.29%) had diagnosed glaucoma, giving an age-standardized prevalence of 1.95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5%-2.5%). The age-standardized prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was 1.25% (95% CI, 0.89%-1.73%), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) 0.12% (95% CI, 0.04%-0.33%), and secondary glaucoma 0.55% (95% CI, 0.35%-0.86%). The mean IOP among the participants in the normal group in the study population was 15.6 ± 2.6 mm Hg and 17.7 ± 6.1 mm Hg in subjects with glaucoma (P = 0.003). The mean central corneal thickness (CCT) in the normal study population was 540.31 ± 33.79; the mean CCT in subjects with POAG (529.8 ± 30.8 μm) was statistically different from the normal study group (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of glaucoma among Singaporean Indians 40 years of age and older in Singapore was 1.95%, approximately half that of the Chinese and the Malay persons in Singapore. As in other Asian studies, POAG was the main form of glaucoma accounting for nearly 60% of cases.
The Effect of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid–Containing Drugs on Sulfide Production by Sulfate-Reducing and Amino Acid–Fermenting Bacteria

The toxic, bacterial metabolite sulfide is implicated in ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis patients taking 5-aminosalicylic acid–containing drugs have lower fecal sulfide levels than those not taking these drugs. The effects of sulfasalazine, balsalazide, olsalazine, and 5-aminosalicylic acid on sulfide production were studied in a three-stage chemostat pulsed on days 1 to 3 with 5 g sulfasalazine (40 mM) and in pure cultures of amino acid–fermenting and sulfate-reducing bacteria. By the third day of sulfasalazine addition to the chemostat, sulfide concentrations in vessels 1 through 3 had dropped from 1.73, 1.78, and 1.43 mM to 0.01, 0.15, and 0.9 mM, respectively. In pure cultures, 50% inhibition of sulfide production from amino acids occurred at 2.5 ± 0.05 mM for sulfasalazine, 5 ± 0.2 mM for olsalazine, 6 ± 1 mM for balsalazide, and more than 20 mM for 5-aminosalicylic acid. Fifty percent inhibition of sulfide production from sulfate occurred at 0.25 ± 0.05 mM for sulfasalazine, 0.7 ± 0.2 mM for balsalazide, and 9.0 ± 1.0 mM for 5-aminosalicylic acid. The order of effectiveness of equimolar concentrations of drugs (most effective first) in this assay was sulfasalazine, then olsalazine (though given clinically at half the dose of other 5-aminosalicylic acid prodrugs) and balsalazide, and lastly 5-aminosalicylic acid. Inhibition of sulfide production by 5-aminosalicylic acid–containing drugs may contribute to their therapeutic effect in ulcerative colitis.
Microfabricated electrostatic planar lens array and extractors for multi-focused ion beam system using ionic liquid ion source emitter array

This paper describes development of the electrostatic planar extractors and lenses integrated with the ionic liquid ion source (ILIS) array to realize multi focused ion beam system. The extractors and the lenses reduced ion beam divergence angle from 11° to 7.9°. Also, switching control of ion beam was demonstrated by operating separated extractors. Finally we performed Si substrate etching using various kinds of ionic liquid. As a result, 3.3 times larger sputtering yield of 7.3 atom/ion at 83% lower acceleration voltage than those of conventional Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) was achieved.
LPG-Based PVA Coated Sensor for Relative Humidity Measurement

A long period grating (LPG) coated with polyvinyl alcohol has been developed and evaluated through exposure to a range of relative humidity (RH) levels (from 33%RH to 97%RH). The conditions for the creation of the sensor probes are described and the response of the device in terms of changes in the resonance loss of several of the spectral loss bands has been monitored. In order to make comparative measurements, a noncoated LPG was exposed to various known refractive index (RI) conditions and the grating response was monitored, analyzed and the results evaluated. This is then related to the change in RH when the sensor is exposed to various RH levels, as the coating RI changes, leading to the change in resonance loss. The PVA coated LPG sensor is showing a relatively fast response time of ~ 80 s to reach 97%RH from 33%RH and inducing ~ 2 dB change in transmission of resonance loss band.
Factors determining biochemical recurrence in low-risk prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to research the factors determining biochemical recurrence (BCR) in low-risk localized prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 504 patients who had undergone RP between 2003 and 2013 at our clinic. One hundred and fifty-two patients who underwent RP for low-risk prostate cancer were included in the study. RESULTS The mean follow-up period for patients was 58.7 (21-229) months. The mean age of the patients was 63.7±7.2 years (49-79). The mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) value was 5.25±4.22 ng/mL (3.58-9.45). The BCR rate after the operation was 25% (38/152). In the univariate analysis, recurrence determining factors were shown to include extracapsular involvement (ECI) (p=0.004), capsular invasion (CI) (p=0.001), age (p=0.014), and tumor size (p=0.006). However, only CI was found to be significant in multivariate analysis (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Capsular invasion is an independent risk factor in low-risk prostate cancer patients who underwent RP for BCR.
Cancer mortality following X‐ray treatment for ankylosing spondylitis

Mortality has been studied in 15,577 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients diagnosed between 1935 and 1957 in the UK, of whom 14,556 received X‐ray treatment. By January 1, 1992 over half of the cohort had died. Among the irradiated patients, cancer mortality was significantly greater than expected from the national rates for England and Wales, with a ratio of observed deaths to expected (relative risk, RR) of 1.30, and significant increases individually for leukaemia, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and cancers of the oesophagus, colon, pancreas, lung, bones, connective and soft tissue, prostate, bladder and kidney. Among the unirradiated patients, cancer mortality was lower than expected from national rates (RR = 0.79). Among irradiated patients, the RRs for leukaemia, lung cancer, and all other neoplasms all decreased significantly with increasing time since first treatment following an initial increase. By 35 years after first treatment, the radiation‐related excess for lung cancer had completely disappeared, while for other neoplasms the RR remained significantly raised, although at a lower level than in earlier periods. Most irradiated patients received several courses of treatment within a 5‐year period. Based on a 1 in 15 random sample, the mean total body dose received in this period was 2.64 Gy, with the heaviest dose to the vertebrae. A linear dose‐response model for all neoplasms except leukaemia gave an excess RR of 0.18 Gy−1 in the period 5–24.9 years after first treatment, which decreased significantly to 0.11 Gy−1 in the period more than 25 years after first treatment. There was no evidence that a linear‐quadratic model fitted the data better than a linear model. There were significant dose‐response relationships individually for cancers of the lung, oesophagus, colon, pancreas, prostate, bladder and kidney. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Subjective Tinnitus Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders.

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Tinnitus is an apparent sound, perceived in the ear with no stimulus. It has been described as a sound originating from the brain. It affects 17% of the general population. Etiological factors for tinnitus include temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ, TMD) and Costen's syndrome. The aim of treatment is to eliminate the tinnitus or at least decrease its apparent volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 46 patients referred to our department with bilateral subjective tinnitus with TMDs were selected for this study. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with an neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) (1064 nm) laser, LLLT with a diode laser (810 nm), and placebo treatment were applied to the patients. There were 15 patients each in the Nd:YAG and placebo groups and 16 patients in the 810 nm diode laser group. LLLT was applied for 10 days, once per day. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used, with values between 0 and 10. VAS scores were recorded before treatment, on the last day of treatment, and 1 month after treatment. The VAS scores were the same on the last day of treatment and 1 month after treatment. The VAS scores before treatment and at 1 month after treatment were compared in a statistical analysis. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the Nd:YAG laser (p = 0.001) and 810 nm diode laser groups (p = 0.005), but no difference in the placebo group (p = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS Both the Nd:YAG and 810 nm diode lasers were effective for the treatment of subjective tinnitus related to TMDs.
Costas Loop Homodyne Detection for 20-Gb/s QPSK Signal on the Optical Frequency Synchronous Network

This paper demonstrates a decision-directed, stable and high-sensitivity Costas loop homodyne receiver for 20-Gb/s QPSK signals based on our concept of the “optical frequency synchronous network. ” The receiver sensitivity is shown to approach the theoretical shot-noise limit (as degraded by spontaneous emission) and the symbol-error rate is stably measured to be around 10-3 even though the optical signal was chirped by fiber chromatic dispersion and was delayed by 50% of the symbol period. This high-performance phase-locked loop can be realized by utilizing optical frequency stabilized (synchronized) several kilohertz spectral line-width external cavity laser diodes (E-LD's), compensating the frequency modulation (FM) response of the E-LDs, and consisting of only differential mode logical circuits. The compensation of the E-LD's FM response by the loop filter improves the receiver sensitivity by 3 dB.
Analysis of the distribution and evolution of the ATP‐dependent DNA ligases of bacteria delineates a distinct phylogenetic group ‘Lig E’

Prior to the discovery of a minimal ATP‐dependent DNA ligase in Haemophilus influenzae, bacteria were thought to only possess a NAD‐dependent ligase, which was involved in sealing of Okazaki fragments. We now know that a diverse range of bacterial species possess up to six of these accessory bacterial ATP‐dependent DNA ligases (b‐ADLs), which vary in size and enzymatic domain associations. Here we compare the domain structure of different types of b‐ADLs and investigate their distribution among the bacterial domain to describe possible evolutionary trajectories that gave rise to the sequence and structural diversity of these enzymes. Previous biochemical and genetic analyses have delineated three main classes of these enzymes: Lig B, Lig C and Lig D, which appear to have descended from a common ancestor within the bacterial domain. In the present study, we delineate a fourth group of b‐ADLs, Lig E, which possesses a number of unique features at the primary and tertiary structural levels. The biochemical characteristics, domain structure and inferred extracellular location sets this group apart from the other b‐ADLs. The results presented here indicate that the Lig E type ligases were horizontally transferred into bacteria in a separate event from other b‐ADLs possibly from a bacteriophage.
The discovery of the enteroviruses and the classification of poliovirus among them.

The history of the enteroviruses is described, and how poliovirus came to be recognized as the prototype species of the genus, a subdivision of the family Picornaviridae. Albert Sabin was one of the main contributors. He isolated several enterovirus types and established them as causative agents of human disease. The enteroviruses were discovered only after new methods were introduced for working with viruses. They are now recognized as constituting one of the genera of the picornavirus family. Pico-rna-virus stands for viruses which are small (pico), and have an RNA genome. The enterovirus genus includes the polioviruses, the coxsackieviruses and the echoviruses of humans, plus a number of enteroviruses of lower animals (e.g., monkeys, cattle, pigs, mice). Over 100 serotypes are now recognized, the first having been the polioviruses.
Research of transmission and reflection method and phase compensation for measuring microwave dielectric properties of solid materials

With the development of electronic components towards miniaturization and integration, permittivity, permeability, loss tangent and other microwave parameters have become the characteristics of new microwave materials. The relative complex permittivity and relative magnetic permeability of solid materials are the most important for microwave electrical elements, componentsor antennas design. In this paper we introduce the method of measuring relative complex permittivity and relative magnetic permeability of solid materials at 30MHz∼50GHz frequencies using air coaxial line and waveguide. The paper describes how to make phase compensation to solve the issue brought by the calibration of the network analyzer and how to re-calculate the S parameters using phase compensation technology.
Lifetime patterns of social phobia: A retrospective study of the course of social phobia in a nonclinical population

This study describes the natural course of social phobia as recalled by a sample of nonclinical subjects and explores, using qualitative research methods, perceived risk factors and factors that may cause changes in its course. Thirty‐nine respondents with a lifetime diagnosis of social phobia were interviewed using a semistructured interview schedule based on DSM‐IV criteria. Four main lifetime patterns emerged: a slight worsening of social phobic symptoms over time, no change, slight improvement and complete remission. Thirty‐eight percent of the sample was in remission at the time of interview. The mean age of onset was 12.8 ± 4.1 years. The average duration of illness was 29.0 ± 12.7 years. Factors perceived by respondents to precipitate social phobia, using content analysis, were family and school environment, onset of adolescence, low self‐esteem, temperament and poverty. Factors perceived to improve symptoms were building self‐esteem, exposure, determination, maturity and counseling. Factors perceived to worsen symptoms were avoidance, exposure to negative attention and comorbid disorders. Depression and Anxiety 7:113–121, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A model-guided symbolic execution approach for network protocol implementations and vulnerability detection

Formal techniques have been devoted to analyzing whether network protocol specifications violate security policies; however, these methods cannot detect vulnerabilities in the implementations of the network protocols themselves. Symbolic execution can be used to analyze the paths of the network protocol implementations, but for stateful network protocols, it is difficult to reach the deep states of the protocol. This paper proposes a novel model-guided approach to detect vulnerabilities in network protocol implementations. Our method first abstracts a finite state machine (FSM) model, then utilizes the model to guide the symbolic execution. This approach achieves high coverage of both the code and the protocol states. The proposed method is implemented and applied to test numerous real-world network protocol implementations. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is more effective than traditional fuzzing methods such as SPIKE at detecting vulnerabilities in the deep states of network protocol implementations.
The association between obesity and asthma is stronger in nonallergic than allergic adults.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the modifying effects of sex and allergy history on the association between body mass index (BMI) and asthma prevalence. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 86,144 Canadians who were 20 to 64 years of age in 2000-2001. SETTING A national survey. MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS Self-reported asthma, allergy history, height, and weight. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect effect modification and to adjust for covariates. Population weight and design effects associated with complex survey design were taken into consideration. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for obesity associated with asthma was 1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 2.07) for women and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.40) for men. One unit of increased BMI was associated with an approximate 6% increase in asthma risk in women, and 3% in men. A stronger association between obesity and asthma was observed in nonallergic women than in allergic women, with the adjusted ORs being 2.53 (95% CI, 2.11 to 3.04) and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.36 to 1.82), respectively. For men, the corresponding ORs were 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.62) and 1.18 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.53), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is likely to have a larger effect on nonallergic asthma. The greater prevalence of nonallergic asthma in women may explain the stronger obesity-asthma association seen in women compared with men and children who have a greater prevalence of allergic asthma.
Bilateral Buccal Flaps with Double Opposing Z‐Plasty for Wider Palatal Clefts

&NA; Described is a technique that has evolved from the challenges of closure of larger cleft palate defects and that we are now using in preference over other techniques to repair a wide variety of clefts. Soft‐palate closure and muscular sling reconstruction are accomplished using a modified Furlow technique. An associated cleft of the hard palate and the gaps produced by posterior displacement of the reconstructed soft palate are closed by adding tissue, buccal flaps, rather than by closure under tension or leaving residual raw surfaces. Palate lengthening is achieved both by the Z‐plasty effect and by the interposition of buccal flaps between the hard and soft palate. Seventy‐six palates have been repaired using this procedure. There were three postoperative fistulas. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 1139, 1997.)