Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular identification of marbled newts and a justification of species status for Triturus marmoratus and T. pygmaeus

The marbled newts Triturus marmoratus and T. pygmaeus are common and readily diagnosed species occurring in central Portugal, but difficult to survey in large and deep ponds. Conversely, embryos of both species are easy to locate but morphologically indistinguishable. We studied a panel of nuclear genetic loci by starch gel electrophoresis (the enzymes Pep-A, Pep-B and Pep-D) and isoelectric focusing techniques (the enzyme Ldh-2, post-embryonic stages only) that together yield a species-specific signature (Cohen's kappa = 1.00). On a locus by locus basis, the scores for correct classification range from kappa = 0.12 to kappa = 0.97. The method allows the reliable, fast and cheap identification of both species across life stages, with better behaviour and performance than mtDNA sequencing (i.e. bar-coding) and nuclear DNA microsatellite profiling. The observed distribution of T. marmoratus and T. pygmaeus over 25 aquatic breeding sites in the Caldas da Rainha area in western Portugal is parapatric, with no mixed populations and no F interspecific hybrids. This demonstrates that T. marmoratus and T. pygmaeus are genetically isolated, even when populations are within the "dispersal distance per generation" range of one another. We consider the data adequate for supporting the species status of T. marmoratus and T. pygmaeus under the Biological Species Concept.
Carbonaceous Fullerene Containing Mineral Shungite. Research of Influence of Shungite on Mountain Water.

We studied the composition and structural properties of amorphous, uncrystallized, fullerene analogous carbon containing natural mineral shungite from Zazhoginskoe deposit in Karelia (Russian Federation) and microporous crystalline aluminosilicate mineral zeolite (Most, Bulgaria). There are submitted data about the nanostructure, obtained with using of transmission electron microscopy (TEM-method), IR-spectroscopy (NES and DNES-method), as well as composition and physical chemical properties of these minerals. The average energy (? E H. O ) of hydrogen ? …O-bonds among individual molecules H 2 O after treatment of shungite and zeolite with water is measured at -0.1137 eV for shungite and -0.1174 eV for zeolite. The calculation of ? E H. O for shungite with using DNES method compiles 0.0025±0.0011 eV and for zeolite -1.2±0.0011 eV. This result suggests the restructuring of ? E H. O values among H 2 O molecules with a statistically reliable increase of local maximums in DNES-spectra. Also are demonstrated the prospects of using shungite, possessing high absorption, catalytic and bactericidal activity, as an adsorbent in water-treatment, water purification, and other industries. Keywords : shungite, zeolite, nanostructure, fullerenes, water treatment, water purification
Assessing 20th century climate–vegetation feedbacks of land‐use change and natural vegetation dynamics in a fully coupled vegetation–climate model

This study describes the coupling of the dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM), Lund–Potsdam–Jena Model for managed land (LPJmL), with the general circulation model (GCM), Simplified Parameterizations primitivE Equation DYnamics model (SPEEDY), to study the feedbacks between land‐use change and natural vegetation dynamics and climate during the 20th century. We show that anthropogenic land‐use change had a stronger effect on climate than the natural vegetation's response to climate change (e.g. boreal greening). Changes in surface albedo are an important driver of the climate's response; but, especially in the (sub)tropics, changes in evapotranspiration and the corresponding changes in latent heat flux and cloud formation can be of equal importance in the opposite direction. Our study emphasizes that implementing dynamic vegetation into climate models is essential, especially at regional scales: the dynamic response of natural vegetation significantly alters the climate change that is driven by increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and anthropogenic land‐use change. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Cross-City Transfer Learning for Deep Spatio-Temporal Prediction

Spatio-temporal prediction is a key type of tasks in urban computing, e.g., traffic flow and air quality. Adequate data is usually a prerequisite, especially when deep learning is adopted. However, the development levels of different cities are unbalanced, and still many cities suffer from data scarcity. To address the problem, we propose a novel cross-city transfer learning method for deep spatio-temporal prediction tasks, called RegionTrans. RegionTrans aims to effectively transfer knowledge from a data-rich source city to a data-scarce target city. More specifically, we first learn an inter-city region matching function to match each target city region to a similar source city region. A neural network is designed to effectively extract region-level representation for spatio-temporal prediction. Finally, an optimization algorithm is proposed to transfer learned features from the source city to the target city with the region matching function. Using citywide crowd flow prediction as a demonstration experiment, we verify the effectiveness of RegionTrans. Results show that RegionTrans can outperform the state-of-the-art fine-tuning deep spatio-temporal prediction models by reducing up to 10.7% prediction error.
AUTOMATIC MANIPULATION OF MUSIC TO EXPRESS DESIRED EMOTIONS

We are developing a computational system that produces music expressing desired emotions. This paper is focused on the automatic transformation of 2 emotional dimensions of music (valence and arousal) by changing musical features: tempo, pitch register, musical scales, instruments and articulation. Transformation is supported by 2 regression models, each with weighted mappings between an emotional dimension and music features. We also present 2 algorithms used to sequence segments. We made an experiment with 37 listeners who were asked to label online 2 emotional dimensions of 132 musical segments. Data coming from this experiment was used to test the effectiveness of the transformation algorithms and to update the weights of features of the regression models. Tempo and pitch register proved to be relevant on both valence and arousal. Musical scales and instruments were also relevant for both emotional dimensions but with a lower impact. Staccato articulation influenced only valence.
Exploring the Power of Technology in the Institutionalization of Health Information Systems: An Actor-Network Analysis of Information Systems Integration

Background and Purpose: Information systems (IS) integration is a complicated exercise. This paper discusses the process of IS integration for a healthcare sector in a resource constrained context. In recognition of power play between the different actors involved, the paper underscores the complexity related to coordination of actors and institutionalization of organisational routines in order to achieve the goals of Health Information System (HIS) integration. In particular, the paper explores how artefacts (software, policy guidelines documents) can be used to facilitate coordination of the actors involved. Methods: The study employed actor network theory concepts of inscription and alignment to guide the data collection and analysis. Data collection methods include participant observation, documents review, and interviews, both formal and informal discussion groups. Results: The study reports implementations of an action research project in Tanzania (Zanzibar, and Mainland), where two case studies are presented, comparing how different technologies in line with implementation mode (decentralized/centralized) occurred. The article describes HIS integration as a combinatory actor network building process that needs to consider the nature of the technological artifact, and the manner in which it is implemented, coupled with the policy guidelines which inscribe and prescribe the use of the system. Conclusions: The article reveals that success in actor network building process (the HIS integration process) in the backdrop of myriads of heterogeneous actors with multiplicity of interests can be achieved by a combination of interventions where the agenda needs to be inscribed in a technological artefact and policy guidelines, and reinforced with the implementation mode (centralized).
The Visualization Analysis of Second Language Acquisition's Research Evolution

Using a visual analytical approach to explore the evolution of second language acquisition research, this paper was based on 3,940 papers including the theme of “second language acquisition” in the SCI, SSCI, and A&HCI databases from 1964 to 2014. It uses methods of bibliography modeling analysis to draw second language acquisition’s mapping knowledge domains. Mapping knowledge domains show the interdisciplinary characteristic of second language acquisition research and the central role of language education and neuroscience. It also shows the evolving process of research hotspots changing from the brain, foreign language acquisition, and fossilization to bilingualism, language level, language cognition, and so on. Keywords—second language acquisition; mapping knowledge domain; knowledge visualization; bibliography
Automatic Measurement of Hardware Parameters for Embedded Processors

Embedded processor designs are increasingly based on generalpurpose processor families, modified and extended in various ways. However, the production of software for embedded processors remains a challenging problem. One promising approach for addressing this problem is self-optimizing software: instead of writing a program, one implements a program generator that produces a large number of program variants, and then determines empirically which variant performs best. The particular aspect of performance that is optimized can be execution time, power consumption, throughout, etc. To prevent a combinatorial explosion in the number of program variants that have to be considered, self-optimizing systems bound the search space by exploiting knowledge of hardware parameters such as the number of registers, the capacity of the L1 cache, etc. For software to be truly selfoptimizing, hardware parameter values relevant for software optimization must be determined automatically. This paper makes the following contributions. • We describe X-Ray – a robust and extensible microbenchmark framework for measuring hardware parameters, in which it is very easy to implement new micro-benchmarks. This is particularly important in the embedded processor context because designers constantly add new features to architectures. • We describe novel algorithms for measuring commonly used hardware parameters and show how they can be implemented in this framework. We evaluate our implementation experimentally on both embedded and desktop architectures, and show that it produces more accurate and complete results than existing tools. ∗This work was supported by NSF grants ACI-9870687, EIA-9972853, ACI-0085969, ACI-0090217, ACI-0103723, and ACI-012140.
Studies on CO variation and trends over South Africa and the Indian Ocean using TES satellite data

In this study, we used measurements from the tropospheric emission spectrometer aboard the Earth Observing System's Aura satellite over South Africa, Madagascar and Reunion Island to investigate variations and trends in tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) over 5 years, from 2005 to 2009, and at 47 pressure levels from 1000 hPa to 10 hPa. We believe that the study is the first of its kind to address the use of space-borne data for CO distribution over southern Africa. Maximum CO was recorded during spring and minimum during summer. Positive anomalies were identified in 2005 and 2007 during the spring and negative anomalies in the beginning of the year (especially in 2006, 2008 and 2009). The estimated trends based on a linear regression method on inter-annual distribution predicted a decreasing rate of 2.1% per year over South Africa, 1.8% per year over Madagascar and 1.7% per year over Reunion Island. The surface CO measurements made at Cape Point station (34.35°S, 18.48°E) showed an average decline of 0.1 ppb per month, which corresponded to 2.4% of the average annual mean for the studied period. The observed decrease in CO was linked to the La Nina event which occurred in 2006 and 2008 and a declining rate of biomass burning activity in the southern hemisphere over the observation period. TES measurements are in agreement with ground-based measurements and can be used with confidence to complement CO measurements for future analyses over the southern tropics and middle latitude.
Site U1438

R.J. Arculus, O. Ishizuka, K. Bogus, M.H. Aljahdali, A.N. Bandini-Maeder, A.P. Barth, P.A. Brandl, R. do Monte Guerra, L. Drab, M.C. Gurnis, M. Hamada, R.L. Hickey-Vargas, F. Jiang, K. Kanayama, S. Kender, Y. Kusano, H. Li, L.C. Loudin, M. Maffione, K.M. Marsaglia, A. McCarthy, S. Meffre, A. Morris, M. Neuhaus, I.P. Savov, C.A. Sena Da Silva, F.J. Tepley III, C. van der Land, G.M. Yogodzinski, and Z. Zhang2
Does Merger Simulation Work? Evidence from the Swedish Analgesics Market

We analyze a large merger in the Swedish market for analgesics (painkillers). The merging firms raised prices by 40 percent, and some outsiders raised prices by more than 10 percent. We confront these changes with predictions from a merger simulation model. With basic supply side assumptions, the models correctly or moderately underpredict the merging firms' price increase. However, they predict a larger price increase for the smaller firm, which was not the case in practice, and they underpredict the outsiders' responses. We consider several supply side explanations: a plausible cost increase after the merger and the possibility of partial collusion.
Fault Rid Through Protection of DFIG Based Wind Generation System

This study proposes a fault ride-through strategy for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to enhance network stability during grid disturbances. To enable efficient computation a reduced order DFIG model is developed that restricts the calculation to the fundamental frequency component. However, the model enhancement introduced in the paper allows the consideration of the alternating components of the rotor current as well which is necessary for triggering the crowbar operation. As protection against short circuit transients, the crowbar protection is employed in the simulation. An equivalent model is constructed. Simplifications are made so as to have a system composed of grid, transformer, line and generator represented by elementary circuit elements (R, L, C and voltage sources). Equivalent circuit models are simplified so that the fault models may be used for synchronous machine parameters. It is assumed that the mechanical system cannot respond during the short time of a three phase short circuit. Simulation results in MATLAB\Simulink software are presented for model verification purposes. Key word: Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), fault rid through, wind turbine
Turbulence characterization from a forward-looking nacelle lidar

Abstract. We present two methods to characterize turbulence in the turbine inflow using radial velocity measurements from nacelle-mounted lidars. The first uses a model of the three-dimensional spectral velocity tensor combined with a model of the spatial radial velocity averaging of the lidars, and the second uses the ensemble-averaged Doppler radial velocity spectrum. With the former, filtered turbulence estimates can be predicted, whereas the latter model-free method allows us to estimate unfiltered turbulence measures. Two types of forward-looking nacelle lidars are investigated: a pulsed system that uses a five-beam configuration and a continuous-wave system that scans conically. For both types of lidars, we show how the radial velocity spectra of the lidar beams are influenced by turbulence characteristics, and how to extract the velocity-tensor parameters that are useful to predict the loads on a turbine. We also show how the velocity-component variances and co-variances can be estimated from the radial-velocity unfiltered variances of the lidar beams. We demonstrate the methods using measurements from an experiment conducted at the Norrekaer Enge wind farm in northern Denmark, where both types of lidars were installed on the nacelle of a wind turbine. Comparison of the lidar-based along-wind unfiltered variances with those from a cup anemometer installed on a meteorological mast close to the turbine shows a bias of just 2 %. The ratios of the unfiltered and filtered radial velocity variances of the lidar beams to the cup-anemometer variances are well predicted by the spectral model. However, other lidar-derived estimates of velocity-component variances and co-variances do not agree with those from a sonic anemometer on the mast, which we mostly attribute to the small cone angle of the lidar. The velocity-tensor parameters derived from sonic-anemometer velocity spectra and those derived from lidar radial velocity spectra agree well under both near-neutral atmospheric stability and high wind-speed conditions, with differences increasing with decreasing wind speed and increasing stability. We also partly attribute these differences to the lidar beam configuration.
χ2 time-frequency discriminator for gravitational wave detection

Searches for known waveforms in gravitational wave detector data are often done using matched filtering. When used on real instrumental data, matched filtering often does not perform as well as might be expected, because nonstationary and non-Gaussian detector noise produces large spurious filter outputs (events). This paper describes a {chi}{sup 2} time-frequency test which is one way to discriminate such spurious events from the events that would be produced by genuine signals. The method works well only for broadband signals. The case where the filter-template does not exactly match the signal waveform is also considered, and upper bounds are found for the expected value of {chi}{sup 2}.
Life cycle of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: duration of and growth in the marine life stage

Little is known about the marine life-history phase of the anadromous sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. The most widely accepted hypothesis suggests a hematophagous feeding phase of 2.5 yr. We captured and tagged (individually numbered T-bar anchor tags) 408 postmeta- morphic sea lampreys during the onset of the hematophagous feeding phase in the River Ulla and its estuary (NW Spain). One marked sea lamprey was recaptured during its spawning migration (total length: 895 mm, weight: 1218 g). This individual had been marked 13.5 mo before recapture, and had measured 218 mm and 20 g. Our results suggest that at least a portion of the sea lamprey population can reach adult size in 1 yr of hematophagous feeding. This further suggests a period between completion of metamorphosis and reproduction of 1.5 yr (18 to 20 mo).
Noise-induced Synchronization of Crystal Oscillators

Experimental study on noise-induced synchronization of crystal oscillators is presented. Two types of circuits were constructed: one consists of two Pierce oscillators that were isolated from each other and received a common noise input, while the other is based on a single Pierce oscillator that received a same sequence of noise signal repeatedly. Due to frequency detuning between the two Pierce oscillators, the first circuit showed no clear sign of noise-induced synchronization. The second circuit, on the other hand, generated coherent waveforms between different trials of the same noise injection. The waveform coherence was, however, broken immediately after the noise injection was terminated. Stronger modulation such as the voltage resetting was finally shown to be effective to induce phase shifts, leading to phase-synchronization of the Pierce oscillator. Our study presents a guideline for synchronizing clocks of multiple CPU systems, distributed sensor networks, and other engineering devices.
Clinical Issues and Treatment of Lung Cancer in Mexico

Retrospective analysis of 101 lung cancer patients treated at the INER [National Respiratory Diseases Institute] in Mexico from January 2006 to October 2007. Objective: Analysis of clinical situation and treatment. Results: The study comprised 59 men and 42 women: 58 % > 60 years old. 14.8% were non-smokers or had no smoking history. 85.2% were heavy smokers with a smoking history above15 packs per year. Eleven patients had one family member with cancer. 86.1% of them were admitted to hospital when the tumor stage was between IIIA and IV. 21 patients of this group had metastasis. 86.1% had an ECOG grade of 0.2. Two analytical parameters were handled: RECIST and the media overall survival. 93 of 101 patients (92%) were treated with chemotherapy: 51 of them (54.7%) with Cisplatine and Paclitaxel, 29 (31.1%) with Cisplatine and Vinorrelbine, and 13 (13.8%) with Cisplatine and Gemcitabine, each one for 2 to 6 cycles. According to RECIST, 6 patients had a complete response, 19 had progressions with distal metastasis, and 68 had partial responses. The median overall survival was of 17.0, 18.4, and 16.1months, respectively. Chirurgic intervention was carried out in 8 patients, lobectomy in 7 patients, and one had a pneumonectomy with resection of mediastinal lymph nodes and adyuvant chemotherapy. Histopathology of the lymph nodes and bronchial section were negative for neoplasia. The disease-free survival was 13 to 25 months in lobectomies and 22 months in the pneumonectomy. The cause of dead could not be specified because they did not continue attending post-treatmentÂ control. Conclusion: Lack of Health Education amongst patients and their families was found to be a major cause which prevented a more effective result of the treatment. This study also concludes that a multidisciplinary treatment for lung cancer patients is required.
A Roadmap for Electronic Grade 2-Dimensional Materials

Two dimensional (2D) materials continue to hold great promise for future electronics, due to their atomic-scale thicknesses and wide range of tunable properties. However, commercial efforts in this field are relatively recent, and much progress is required to fully realize 2D materials for commercial success. Here, we present a roadmap for the realization of electronic-grade 2D materials. We discuss technology drivers, along with key aspects of synthesis and materials engineering required for development of these materials. Additionally, we highlight several fundamental milestones required for realization of electronic-grade 2D materials, and intend this article to serve as a guide for researchers in the field.
A FRAMEWORK FOR AN LTS SEMANTICS FOR PROMELA

A high-level specification language PROMELA can be used not only to model interactions that occur in distributed or reactive systems, but also to express requirements of logical correctness about those interactions. Several approaches to a formal semantics for PROMELA have been presented, ranging from the less complete formal semantics to the more complete ones. This paper presents a significantly different approach to provide a formal semantics for PROMELA model, namely by an operational semantics given as a set of Structured Operational Semantics (SOS) rules. The operational semantics of a PROMELA statement with variables and channels is given by a program graph. The program graphs for the processes of a PROMELA model constitute a channel system. Finally, the transition system semantics for channel systems yields a transition system that formalizes the stepwise behavior of the PROMELA model.