Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on the neuroprotective perspectives of beta‐caryophyllene

Beta (β)‐caryophyllene (BCAR) is a major sesquiterpene of various plant essential oils reported for several important pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, and immune‐modulatory activity. Recent studies suggest that it also possesses neuroprotective effect. This study reviews published reports pertaining to the neuropharmacological activities of BCAR. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MedLine Plus, and Google Scholar with keywords “beta (β)‐caryophyllene” and other neurological keywords were searched. Data were extracted by referring to articles with information about the dose or concentration/route of administration, test system, results and discussion, and proposed mechanism of action. A total of 545 research articles were recorded, and 41 experimental studies were included in this review, after application of exclusion criterion. Search results suggest that BCAR exhibits a protective role in a number of nervous system‐related disorders including pain, anxiety, spasm, convulsion, depression, alcoholism, and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, BCAR has local anesthetic‐like activity, which could protect the nervous system from oxidative stress and inflammation and can act as an immunomodulatory agent. Most neurological activities of this natural product have been linked with the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), especially the CB2R. This review suggests a possible application of BCAR as a neuroprotective agent.
The Relationship Between Early and Senior Level Participation in International Women’s and Men’s Handball

Abstract International competitions at the youth elite level have become an important part of attempts to identify, foster and develop sporting talent. However, sports science scholars disagree strongly about the value and importance of such competitions because little is known about the relationship between early performance, at both the team and individual level, and later success in adult elite sports. The first aim of this study was therefore to explore the relationship between international match experience at the youth international team level and subsequent match experience at the junior and the senior international team levels. The second aim of this study was to explore the relationship between youth national team results and subsequent junior and senior national team results in international competitions. The individual-level analysis was based on official match participation statistics of all Norwegian handball players with either youth, junior and/or senior national team experience (n = 657) between the years 1993 and 2017. The team level analysis was based on team result rankings from the handball European and World Championships at the youth, junior and senior national team levels during this period. Statistical analysis at the individual level showed a significant difference between those handball players who did and did not have international match exposure at the youth and junior levels, and the number of matches they played at the senior international team level. No to weak correlations were found between the number of matches played at the youth, junior and senior international team levels. Statistical analysis at the team level showed a strong correlation between result rankings at the youth, junior and senior international team levels. Collectively, these findings suggest that having youth and junior international experience is strongly associated with the number of matches played at the senior international level. However, the number of matches played at the youth and junior international levels does not appear to determine success or predict which players will or will not achieve success at the senior international level.
Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy for Squamous Non–Small‐Cell Lung Cancer

Background Standard first‐line therapy for metastatic, squamous non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is platinum‐based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab (for patients with programmed death ligand 1 [PD‐L1] expression on ≥50% of tumor cells). More recently, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy was shown to significantly prolong overall survival among patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. Methods In this double‐blind, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, 559 patients with untreated metastatic, squamous NSCLC to receive 200 mg of pembrolizumab or saline placebo for up to 35 cycles; all the patients also received carboplatin and either paclitaxel or nanoparticle albumin‐bound [nab]–paclitaxel for the first 4 cycles. Primary end points were overall survival and progression‐free survival. Results After a median follow‐up of 7.8 months, the median overall survival was 15.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.2 to not reached) in the pembrolizumab‐combination group and 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.5 to 14.8) in the placebo‐combination group (hazard ratio for death, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.85; P<0.001). The overall survival benefit was consistent regardless of the level of PD‐L1 expression. The median progression‐free survival was 6.4 months (95% CI, 6.2 to 8.3) in the pembrolizumab‐combination group and 4.8 months (95% CI, 4.3 to 5.7) in the placebo‐combination group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.70; P<0.001). Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 69.8% of the patients in the pembrolizumab‐combination group and in 68.2% of the patients in the placebo‐combination group. Discontinuation of treatment because of adverse events was more frequent in the pembrolizumab‐combination group than in the placebo‐combination group (13.3% vs. 6.4%). Conclusions In patients with previously untreated metastatic, squamous NSCLC, the addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel or nab‐paclitaxel resulted in significantly longer overall survival and progression‐free survival than chemotherapy alone. (Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme; KEYNOTE‐407 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02775435.)
Artificial Intelligence in Drug Design

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a pivotal role in drug discovery. In particular artificial neural networks such as deep neural networks or recurrent networks drive this area. Numerous applications in property or activity predictions like physicochemical and ADMET properties have recently appeared and underpin the strength of this technology in quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) or quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Artificial intelligence in de novo design drives the generation of meaningful new biologically active molecules towards desired properties. Several examples establish the strength of artificial intelligence in this field. Combination with synthesis planning and ease of synthesis is feasible and more and more automated drug discovery by computers is expected in the near future.
Comparative treatment planning study for mediastinal Hodgkin’s lymphoma: impact on normal tissue dose using deep inspiration breath hold proton and photon therapy

Abstract Background: Late effects induced by radiotherapy (RT) are of great concern for mediastinal Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) patients and it is therefore important to reduce normal tissue dose. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact on the normal tissue dose and target coverage, using various combinations of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 3-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT), planned in both deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and free breathing (FB). Material and methods: Eighteen patients were enrolled in this study and planned with involved site RT. Two computed tomography images were acquired for each patient, one during DIBH and one during FB. Six treatment plans were created for each patient; 3D-CRT in FB, 3D-CRT in DIBH, VMAT in FB, VMAT in DIBH, IMPT in FB and IMPT in DIBH. Dosimetric impact on the heart, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, lungs, female breasts, target coverage, and also conformity index and integral dose (ID), was compared between the different treatment techniques. Results: The use of DIBH significantly reduced the lung dose for all three treatment techniques, however, no significant difference in the dose to the female breasts was observed. Regarding the heart and LAD doses, large individual variations were observed. For VMAT, the mean heart and LAD doses were significantly reduced using DIBH, but no significant difference was observed for 3D-CRT and IMPT. Both IMPT and VMAT resulted in improved target coverage and more conform dose distributions compared to 3D-CRT. IMPT generally showed the lowest organs at risk (OAR) doses and significantly reduced the ID compared to both 3D-CRT and VMAT. Conclusions: The majority of patients benefited from treatment in DIBH, however, the impact on the normal tissue dose was highly individual and therefore comparative treatment planning is encouraged. The lowest OAR doses were generally observed for IMPT in combination with DIBH.
A Diversity Adjusting Strategy with Personality for Music Recommendation

Diversity-based recommender systems aim to select a wide rangeof relevant content for users, but diversity needs for users withdifferent personalities are rarely studied. Similarly, research onpersonality-based recommender systems has primarily focused onthe ‘cold-start problem’; few previous works have investigated howpersonality influences users’ diversity needs. This paper combinesthese two branches of research together: re-ranking for diversifica-tion, and improving accuracy using personality traits. Anchoredin the music domain, we investigate how personality informationcan be used to adjust the diversity degrees for people with differentpersonalities. We proposed a personality-based diversification algo-rithm to help enhance the diversity adjusting strategy according topeople’s personality information in music recommendations. Ouroffline and online evaluation results demonstrate that our proposedmethod is an effective solution to generate personalized recommen-dation lists that not only have relatively higher diversity as well asaccuracy, but which also lead to increased user satisfaction.
Case Series of Inappropriate Concentration of Intraocular Sulfur Hexafluoride

Due to high complexity, vitreoretinal surgery presents a higher number of patient safety incidents compared with other ophthalmic procedures. Intraocular gases are one of the most useful adjuncts to vitrectomy and surprisingly, surgeons commonly admit to having occasional problems with incorrect gas concentration. The aim of this study is to present a consecutive case series of patients with improper concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) applied during vitrectomy. Three patients underwent 27-gauge vitrectomy and at the end of surgery inappropriate dilution of 100% SF6 was administered. It was attributed to a calculation error, change in the gas supplier, or increased partial pressure of SF6 before dilution. Postoperatively, due to IOP increase, two eyes required intravitreal gas-air exchange. Subsequently, cataract surgery was performed in one eye with concomitant vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade due to retinal detachment. To prevent such complications, we suggest using intraocular gases with great care, training of ophthalmic personnel, and prompting manufacturers to provide SF6 in a prepared concentration of 20%.
A New Approach to Privacy-Preserving Clinical Decision Support Systems for HIV Treatment

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are a category of health information technologies that can assist clinicians to choose optimal treatments. These support systems are based on clinical trials and expert knowledge; however, the amount of data available to these systems is limited. For this reason, CDSSs could be significantly improved by using the knowledge obtained by treating patients. This knowledge is mainly contained in patient records, whose usage is restricted due to privacy and confidentiality constraints. Methods: A treatment effectiveness measure, containing valuable information for treatment prescription, was defined and a method to extract this measure from patient records was developed. This method uses an advanced cryptographic technology, known as secure Multiparty Computation (henceforth referred to as MPC), to preserve the privacy of the patient records and the confidentiality of the clinicians' decisions. Results: Our solution enables to compute the effectiveness measure of a treatment based on patient records, while preserving privacy. Moreover, clinicians are not burdened with the computational and communication costs introduced by the privacy-preserving techniques that are used. Our system is able to compute the effectiveness of 100 treatments for a specific patient in less than 24 minutes, querying a database containing 20,000 patient records. Conclusion: This paper presents a novel and efficient clinical decision support system, that harnesses the potential and insights acquired from treatment data, while preserving the privacy of patient records and the confidentiality of clinician decisions.
The Bitcoin Mining Game

When processing transactions in a block, a miner increases his reward but also decreases his probability to earn any reward because the time needed for his block to reach consensus depends on its size. We show that this leads to a game situation between miners. We analytically solve this game for two miners. Then, we show that miners do not play a Nash equilibrium in the current Bitcoin mining environment, instead, they should not process any transaction. Finally, we show that the situation where no transaction is ever processed would stop being a Nash equilibrium if the transaction fee was multiplied or, equivalently, the fixed reward divided by a factor of about 12.
Senescent fibroblasts drive ageing pigmentation: A potential therapeutic target for senile lentigo

Cutaneous ageing is an important extrinsic process that modifies the pigmentary system. Because cellular senescence is a fundamental ageing mechanism, we examined the role of senescent cells in ageing pigmentation. Methods: Biopsies obtained from senile lentigo and perilesional normal skin were assayed for a marker of cellular senescence, p16INK4A. To determine the secretory phenotypes of senescent fibroblasts, we performed microarray, RNA sequencing and methylation array analyses in senile lentigo and senescent fibroblasts. To further investigate the impact of senescent cells on ageing-related pigmentation, an intervention that targeted senescent cells using radiofrequency was performed. Results: In vivo, senescent fibroblasts accumulated at the sites of age-related pigmentation. Phenotype switching of the cells resulted in the repression of stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF1) by promoter methylation. SDF1 induced melanocyte differentiation via stromal-epithelial interactions, ultimately driving skin pigmentation. Furthermore, the elimination of senescent fibroblasts from pigmented skin using radiofrequency was accompanied by skin lightening, rendering it a potential target for treatment. Conclusion: Aged pigmented skin contains an increasing proportion of senescent fibroblasts. Cells with phenotype switching exhibited a loss of SDF1, which stimulates the melanogenic process and thereby contributes to aging pigmentation. These data may promote the development of new therapeutic paradigms, such as a stroma-targeting therapy for pigmentary disorders.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in pediatric patients

Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). Methods Pediatric IPH cases that were diagnosed at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University between 1996 and 2017 were reviewed. Follow-up data from 34 patients were collected. Results A total of 107 patients were included (42 boys and 65 girls). The median age was 6 years at diagnosis. The main manifestations of the patients were as follows: anemia (n = 100, 93.45%), cough (n = 68, 63.55%), hemoptysis (n = 61, 57%), fever (n = 23, 21.5%), and dyspnea (n = 23, 21.5%). There were relatively few pulmonary signs. The positive rates of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in sputum, gastric lavage fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were 91.66%, 98.21%, and 100%, respectively. Seventy-nine patients were misdiagnosed. A total of 105 patients were initially treated with glucocorticoids, among whom 102 survived and three died. Among the followed up patients, two died and 32 survived, among whom 10 presented with recurrent episodes. Conclusions The classic triad of pediatric IPH is not always present. The rates of misdiagnosis and recurrence of IPH are high. Early recognition and adequate immunosuppressive therapy are imperative for improving prognosis of IPH.
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Local Bone Graft Alone for Single-Level Isthmic Spondylolisthesis

Abstract Background A retrospective study of patients treated by transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with local bone graft alone for single-level isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS) between April 2009 and July 2014 in a single facility. Methods Demographic and operative data, complications, preoperative and postoperative clinical records, and radiographs were revised. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Denis Work Scale were used for clinical and functional assessment. Modified Lee et al. classification was used for assessment of union. Results Twenty-three patients with mean age of 45.04 ± 7.19 years had single-level TLIF with local bone graft alone for symptomatic IS with mean follow-up period of 28.39 ± 4.01 months and mean operative time of 170.09 ± 11.22 minutes. The VAS and Denis Work Scale improved from 8.48 ± 0.58 and 4.67 ± 0.47 preoperative to 2.91 ± 1.25 and 1.33 ± 0.58 at the latest follow up, respectively. Anterior vertebral translation improved from 27.22 ± 9.54% preoperatively to 8.38 ± 3.63% postoperatively and 10.39 ± 3.49 at the latest follow up. Disc space height was 9.67 ± 5.55% preoperatively, 21.60 ± 4.11% postoperative, and 16.24 ± 4.02% at the latest follow up. Lumbar lordosis improved from 29.39 ± 10.33° to 45.13 ± 6.84° postoperatively and 39.96 ± 7.52° at the latest follow up. Eighteen patients had definitive union, 4 patients with possible union, 1 patient with possible pseudoarthrosis. Conclusions Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with local bone graft alone is an appropriate option for single-level IS, yet we do not recommend it for higher grades of slippage with anterior vertebral translation more than 25%.
Heat Map Based Feature Ranker: In depth comparison with popular methods

The new era of technology allows us to gather more data than ever before, complex data emerge and a lot of noise can be found among high dimensional datasets. In order to discard useless features and help build more generalized models, feature selection seeks a reduced subset of features that improve the performance of the learning algorithm. The evaluation of features and their interactions are an expensive process, hence the need for heuristics. In this work, we present HeatMap Based Feature Ranker, an algorithm to estimate feature importance purely based on its interaction with other variables. A compression mechanism reduces evaluation space up to 66% without compromising eﬃcacy. Our experiments show that our proposal is very competitive against popular algorithms, producing stable results across diﬀerent types of data. We also show how noise reduction through feature selection aids data visualization using emergent self-organizing maps.
MF‐Re‐Rank: A modality feature‐based Re‐Ranking model for medical image retrieval

One of the main challenges in medical image retrieval is the increasing volume of image data, which render it difficult for domain experts to find relevant information from large data sets. Effective and efficient medical image retrieval systems are required to better manage medical image information. Text‐based image retrieval (TBIR) was very successful in retrieving images with textual descriptions. Several TBIR approaches rely on models based on bag‐of‐words approaches, in which the image retrieval problem turns into one of standard text‐based information retrieval; where the meanings and values of specific medical entities in the text and metadata are ignored in the image representation and retrieval process. However, we believe that TBIR should extract specific medical entities and terms and then exploit these elements to achieve better image retrieval results. Therefore, we propose a novel reranking method based on medical‐image‐dependent features. These features are manually selected by a medical expert from imaging modalities and medical terminology. First, we represent queries and images using only medical‐image‐dependent features such as image modality and image scale. Second, we exploit the defined features in a new reranking method for medical image retrieval. Our motivation is the large influence of image modality in medical image retrieval and its impact on image‐relevance scores. To evaluate our approach, we performed a series of experiments on the medical ImageCLEF data sets from 2009 to 2013. The BM25 model, a language model, and an image‐relevance feedback model are used as baselines to evaluate our approach. The experimental results show that compared to the BM25 model, the proposed model significantly enhances image retrieval performance. We also compared our approach with other state‐of‐the‐art approaches and show that our approach performs comparably to those of the top three runs in the official ImageCLEF competition.