Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of management of acute appendicitis with special consideration of “ Alvarado Score ”

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common still with appreciable morbidity and occasional mortality which may possibly be related to failure to make early diagnosis. As a result, surgeons have learned over the decades to accept a high negative laparotomy rate in an attempt to avoid mortality. This has stimulated formulation of simple scoring systems to aid in early diagnosis which are in vague for a decade but hardly been evaluated thoroughly. The aim was to evaluate existing scoring system that is Alvarado score, and to study the clinical, laboratory and imaging modalities used in diagnosis of this disease and its management. Materials and methods: This review was based on the study of 50 selected cases of acute appendicitis treated in our institution by random sampling. All the patients were observed clinically for operation and not by scoring. Scoring was and added exercise for these patient evaluation. They were correlated with USG, operative findings and histopathological examination. Results: 86% patients had right iliac fossa (RIF) pain which when combined with vomiting was highly suggestive of acute appendicitis and resulted in higher scores. 86% patients had tenderness in RIF which was present in higher scores of appendicitis and highly suggestive of appendicitis when combined with rebound tenderness. 80% patients had leukocytosis >10000/cu.mm. That was more common in higher score. In my study of 50 cases of clinically acute appendicitis proved that Alvarado score 9-10 that was 22 patients out of 50 with 100% accuracy and scores 7-8 that was 19 patient, 11 patients had acute appendicitis. Thus the score increases sensitivity of accuracy increases. Score below 6 patients can be treated with conservative treatment without major complications and thereby decreases negative appendicectomy rate. Gohel J, Parmar H, Solanki B. Comparative study of management of acute appendicitis with special consideration of “Alvarado Score”. IAIM, 2015; 2(12): 22-26. Page 23 Conclusion: Alvarado score is useful in specific diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It is better in terms of lower rate of negative appendicectomy and thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality. There is no much added advantage of USG over clinical scoring system in this study.
Cyclosporin a inhibits HTLV‐I tax expression and shows anti‐tumor effects in combination with VP‐16

Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is one of the most refractory malignant hematological diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated HTLV‐1Tax protein involvement in clinical manifestation of the aggressive type of ATL and suggested the potential application of agents to inhibit Tax expression for ATL treatment. In the present study, we first examined Tax involvement in the resistance to VP‐16‐induced apoptosis using four HTLV‐1 infected T cell clones and cTax DNA‐transfected cells. Next, we examined whether cyclosporin A reduced expression of Tax and its related transfer factors on Western blot and CAT assay. We further investigated whether cyclosporin A in combination with VP‐16 can induce apoptosis in HTLV‐1 infected T cells. Tax‐producing T cells, K3T and F6T, were resistant to VP‐16 induced growth inhibition compared with that of the nonproducing cells, S1T and Su9T01. Experiments using S1T and Tax‐expressing cDNA‐transfected S1T demonstrated Tax‐induced resistance to VP‐16 induction of apoptosis by DNA ladder formation. Cyclosporin A reduced Tax expression in K3T by Western blot analysis and on CAT assay, showing maximal reduction of 61% and 60% compared to control culture using LTR CAT transfected Jurkat cells and K3T cells, respectively. Cyclosporin A also reduced the nuclear expression of two Tax‐related transfer factors, ATF‐1 and ATF‐2 on Western blot. Cyclosporin A alone did not show any cytotoxicity by itself, but sensitized cells to VP‐16 when combined with VP‐16. Cyclosporin A may be a useful anti‐ATL agent when combined with other anti‐cancer agents possibly related to Tax inhibition. J. Med. Virol. 79:1906–1913, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Operation and Test of the Navajo SSR Protective Equipment

/ % Resultant oscillating voltages produced in the generator armature INTRODUCTION i -& reinforce mechanical system oscillations to the point where allowable 9 shaft stresses will be exceeded. Short duration transient generator The Navajo Project is a generation-transmission system jointly torques may produce high oscillatory shaft torques during system owned by Arizona Public Service Company, Los Angeles Department N electrical disturbances such as capacitor switching, line switching of Water and Power, Nevada Power Company, Salt River Project, \ and fault clearing. The oscillatory build up is caused by the same Tucson Gas & Electric Company, and the United States Bureau of interaction as dynamic instability. Of these two problem areas, Reclamation. Salt River Project is the Operating Manager of the transient torques are the most difficult to control because of their Navajo Generating Station. fast rise time and close coupling with the mechanical system. The magnitude of transient torques is measured in terms of the amount The Generation Station consists of three 800 MW coal-fired units of life removed from the turbine-generator shaft. located in a remote area near Page, Arizona. Power from this station is delivered to load centers in Southern Arizona, Southern California, 4 The Salt River Project, the Navajo SSR Task Force, and the and Southern Nevada by way of three 500 kV transmission lines. General Electric Company have combined efforts to develop and The distance from the Navajo Plant to the load centers is about 260 apply a static device at the Navajo Generating Station that will promiles. Two of the Navajo transmission lines are about 260 miles long, tect the generators from subsynchronous resonance. The device is and the third has a 500 kV interconnection about 75 miles away a three-phase blocking filter made up of four parallel LC tank cirfrom the Navajo Station. See Figure 1. cuits in series per phase and connected between the ground neutral point and the low voltage end of each single-phase main step-up To transmit large amounts of power over these relatively long dis, transformer high side winding. Each filter phase has a current limittances, as required in the Western United States, maintaining steady ing reactor in series and voltage limiting varistor in parallel. The phystate and transient stability, series capacitors are applied to the trans%k sical arrangement of the filter is shown schematically in Figure 2. mission lines. This has proven to be a technically and economically t Component parts are mounted outdoors and consist of 1300 capafeasible way to reduce the net impedance between the generating -citor units, two reactor tanks and a varister tank per phase. source and the load without constructing additional transmission TW lines. However, series compensated transmission lines can create T RELAY resonance problems in the subsynchronous frequency range. XJ
Decrease of enteric micro‐organisms from rural sewage sludge during their composting in straw mixture

Aims: To study the decrease of enteric micro‐organisms including viable nematode eggs, enteroviruses, faecal indicators (Escherichia coli and enterococci) and pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp. and Clostridium perfringens) of a rural sewage sludge when it is composted for 7 months in mixture with straw.
Glycation index of hair for non-invasive estimation of diabetic control.

We propose a new indicator for diabetic control that shows the extent of glycation of hair protein (keratin), the glycation index (A(390)/A(412)) which is based on the ratio of glycated protein- to cystine-induced coloration, where A(390) and A(412) represent each absorbance in the color reactions of glycated protein and cystine in the hair protein. Samples can be quickly and non-invasively collected and easily stored. This index for the back and scalp hairs from hypercholesterolemic mice with hyperglycemia, diabetic rats and diabetic patients gave significantly higher values (2.0-6.0-fold) than those of normal subjects (p<0.01). The glycation indices (mean + or - S.D.) of hairs from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were 3.00 + or - 0.96 (n = 21) and 1.51 + or - 0.45 (n = 30), respectively. These indices (y) correlated well with the levels of glycohemoglobin (HbA(1c), chi) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects: y = 0.69 chi- 2.03 (r = 0.82, n = 31, p<0.01). Within-run precision (reproducibility, CV) for the assay of the glycation indices of hairs from the three groups was 6.7-9.4% (n = 10 each). The proposed glycation index of hair gave reasonable results for animals and humans with normo- and hyperglycemia, suggesting that it is reliable and can be diagnostically useful.
Preschool children at high risk for measles: opportunities to vaccinate.

OBJECTIVES In 1989 and 1990 the United States experienced a measles epidemic with more than 18,000 and 27,000 reported cases, respectively. Nearly half of all persons with measles were unvaccinated preschool children under 5 years of age. We sought to identify potential sites for vaccine delivery. METHODS Preschool children with measles were surveyed in five inner cities with measles outbreaks in 1989 to 1990 to assess the children's use of health care services and federal assistance programs before contracting measles. RESULTS Of 972 case children surveyed, 618 (64%) were eligible for measles vaccination at measles onset. Of those, 93% had previously visited a health care provider (private physician, public clinic, hospital emergency department, or hospital outpatient department) and 65% were enrolled in a federal assistance program (AFDC, WIC, or food stamps). Based on parent-reported reasons for health care visits, in Dallas and New York City, health care providers of 24% of 172 children may have missed at least one opportunity to administer measles vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Many potential opportunities exist to raise the vaccination coverage of unvaccinated preschool children. These opportunities depend on (1) health care providers taking advantage of all opportunities to vaccinate, and (2) immunization services being linked to federal assistance programs.
Living donor liver transplantation for hemophilia with special reference to the management of perioperative clotting factor replacement

Patients with hemophilia contract hepatitis C virus (HCV) through clotting factor concentrates. Because of contamination of blood-derived clotting factor products, nearly all patients treated with large-pool donor products before the early 1990s were infected with HCV, and up to 25% of these patients developed cirrhosis. Indeed, among patients with hemophilia, endstage liver disease (ESLD) due to HCV is the leading cause of death. This population is also estimated to have an approximately 70% incidence of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through the same route of transmission. It is well recognized that HIV coinfection accelerates HCV-related liver disease; thus, a large number of hemophilia patients develop ESLD, which accounts for 10% of liver transplantations for HCV/HIV-coinfected patients. With the advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the mid-1990s and the improved outcome of HIV-infected patients, the indication for liver transplantation in ESLD patients with HCV/HIV coinfection is almost the same as that for HCV-monoinfected patients in all centers worldwide. Liver transplantation for hemophilia patients with ESLD due to HCV cures not only the liver failure but also coagulation abnormalities, making lifelong clotting factor replacement unnecessary. There are several reports of a relatively small number of cases of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for hemophilia patients with an acceptable outcome, but liver transplantation in these patients remains difficult with regard to the perioperative clotting factor replacement strategy and postoperative antiviral treatment for both HCV and HIV. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a mainstay for patients with ESLD in Japan, as well as for hemophilia patients. A partial liver graft in LDLT may be disadvantageous, however, in terms of the production of clotting factor. We performed 10 consecutive LDLTs for hemophilia patients with HCV-related ESLD, including 8 with HIV coinfection, which is the largest series of LDLT for hemophilia reported to date. Here we present our case series, with special reference to the clotting factor replacement strategy in LDLT for hemophilia.
Bcl-2 Transduction Protects Human Endothelial Cell Synthetic Microvessel Grafts from Allogeneic T Cells In Vivo1

T cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells (EC) are of central importance for immune surveillance of microbes and for pathological processes such as atherosclerosis, allograft rejection, and vasculitis. Animal (especially rodent) models incompletely predict human immune responses, in particular with regard to the immunological functions of EC, and in vitro models may not accurately reflect in vivo findings. In this study, we describe the development of an immunodeficient SCID/bg murine model combining a transplanted human synthetic microvascular bed with adoptive transfer of human T lymphocytes allogeneic to the cells of the graft that more fully recapitulates T cell responses in natural tissues. Using this model, we demonstrate that transduced Bcl-2 protein in the engrafted EC effectively prevents injury even as it enhances T cell graft infiltration and replication.
The regulatory niche of intestinal stem cells

The niche constitutes a unique category of cells that support the microenvironment for the maintenance and self‐renewal of stem cells. Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of the crypt, which contains adjacent epithelial cells, stromal cells and smooth muscle cells, and soluble and cell‐associated growth and differentiation factors. We summarize here recent advances in our understanding of the crucial role of the niche in regulating stem cells. The stem cell niche maintains a balance among quiescence, proliferation and regeneration of intestinal stem cells after injury. Mesenchymal cells, Paneth cells, immune cells, endothelial cells and neural cells are important regulatory components that secrete niche ligands, growth factors and cytokines. Intestinal homeostasis is regulated by niche signalling pathways, specifically Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, Notch and epidermal growth factor. These insights into the regulatory stem cell niche during homeostasis and post‐injury regeneration offer the potential to accelerate development of therapies for intestine‐related disorders.
Effect of fenugreek seeds extract on cyclophosphamide-induced histomorphometrical, ultrastructural and biochemical changes in testes of albino mice

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an anticancer drug used in the treatment of a variety of neoplastic lesions. On the other hand, treatment with CPA was accompanied by different toxic effects on different body organs. The present work was conducted to study the effect of fenugreek seed extract on histomorphometrical and ultrastructural changes induced by CPA in testes of albino mice. Twenty animals were given CPA (7.0 mg/kg body weight) three times/week orally for 8 weeks and were killed after 4 and 8 weeks. Testis of CPA-treated mice showed many histological alterations including appearance of irregular seminiferous tubules, reduction in the number of all spermatogenic cells, degeneration of Leydig cells and appearance of intertubular hemorrhage. Concerning the ultrastructural changes, abnormalities in spermatogonia (A and B), spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids were observed. Degenerated Sertoli cells and degenerated interstitial tissue with abnormal Leydig cells were also seen. Moreover, administration of CPA to animals significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation marker) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These changes were time-dependent. Treating animals with CPA and fenugreek seed extract (0.4 g/kg body weight) led to an improvement in the histological and ultrastructural pictures of the testis together with reduction in the level of serum MDA and increase in the activities of serum SOD and CAT. In conclusion, the results of the present work indicated that fenugreek had ameliorative effect against testis damage induced by CPA and this may be mediated by its potent antioxidant activities.
Scaling theory for the jamming transition

We propose a scaling ansatz for the elastic energy of a system near the critical jamming transition in terms of three relevant fields: the compressive strain $\Delta \phi$ relative to the critical jammed state, the shear strain $\epsilon$, and the inverse system size $1/N$. We also use $\Delta Z$, the number of contacts relative to the minimum required at jamming, as an underlying control parameter. Our scaling theory predicts new exponents, exponent equalities and scaling collapses for energy, pressure and shear stress that we verify with numerical simulations of jammed packings of soft spheres. It also yields new insight into why the shear and bulk moduli exhibit different scalings; the difference arises because the shear stress vanishes as $1/\sqrt{N}$ while the pressure approaches a constant in the thermodynamic limit. The success of the scaling ansatz implies that the jamming transition exhibits an emergent scale invariance, and that it should be possible to develop a renormalization-group theory for jamming.
Microvascular endothelial cells increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts

Interactions between acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and neighbouring endothelial cells in the bone marrow seem important both for disease development and susceptibility to chemotherapy. We investigated the effects of soluble mediators released by microvascular endothelial cells on native human AML cells. AML cells derived from 33 patients were cocultured with microvascular endothelial cells, separated by a semipermeable membrane. We investigated the effect of coculture on AML cell proliferation, viability/apoptosis and cytokine release. Coculture increased AML cell proliferation, and this growth enhancement included the clonogenic leukemia cell subset. Increased release of several soluble mediators was also detected (interleukin 3, interleukin 6, granulocyte‐macrophage and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors) in cocultures. Our cytokine neutralization experiments suggest that an intercellular crosstalk involving several soluble mediators contribute to the increased leukemia cell proliferation. The presence of endothelial cells had an additional antiapoptotic effect on the AML cells. The endothelial cells did not have any growth‐enhancing effect on native human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Our in vitro results suggest that the release of soluble mediators by microvascular endothelial cells supports leukemic hematopoiesis through paracrine mechanisms by direct enhancement of AML blast proliferation and by inhibition of leukemic cell apoptosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
E2F-Rb Complexes Assemble and Inhibit cdc25A Transcription in Cervical Carcinoma Cells following Repression of Human Papillomavirus Oncogene Expression

ABSTRACT Expression of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein in cervical carcinoma cells represses expression of integrated human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 oncogenes, followed by repression of the cdc25A gene and other cellular genes required for cell cycle progression, resulting in dramatic growth arrest. To explore the mechanism of repression of cell cycle genes in cervical carcinoma cells following E6/E7 repression, we analyzed regulation of the cdc25A promoter, which contains two consensus E2F binding sites and a consensus E2 binding site. The wild-type E2 protein inhibited expression of a luciferase gene linked to the cdc25A promoter in HT-3 cervical carcinoma cells. Mutation of the distal E2F binding site in the cdc25A promoter abolished E2-induced repression, whereas mutation of the proximal E2F site or the E2 site had no effect. None of these mutations affected the activity of the promoter in the absence of E2 expression. Expression of the E2 protein also led to posttranscriptional increase in the level of E2F4, p105Rb, and p130 and induced the formation of nuclear E2F4-p130 and E2F4-p105Rb complexes. This resulted in marked rearrangement of the protein complexes that formed at the distal E2F site in the cdc25A promoter, including the replacement of free E2F complexes with E2F4-p105Rb complexes. These experiments indicated that repression of E2F-responsive promoters following HPV E6/E7 repression was mediated by activation of the Rb tumor suppressor pathway and the assembly of repressing E2F4-Rb DNA binding complexes. Importantly, these experiments revealed that HPV-induced alterations in E2F transcription complexes that occur during cervical carcinogenesis are reversed by repression of HPV E6/E7 expression.
PCR differentiation of commercial yeast strains using intron splice site primers

The increased use of pure starter cultures in the wine industry has made it necessary to develop a rapid and simple identification system for yeast strains. A method based upon the PCR using oligonucleotide primers that are complementary to intron splice sites has been developed. Since most introns are not essential for gene function, introns have evolved with minimal constraint. By targeting these highly variable sequences, the PCR has proved to be very effective in uncovering polymorphisms in commercial yeast strains. The speed of the method and the ability to analyze many samples in a single day permit the monitoring of specific yeast strains during fermentations. Furthermore, the simplicity of the technique, which does not require the isolation of DNA, makes it accessible to industrial laboratories that have limited molecular expertise and resources.
NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS IN RELATION TO THE CELL DIVISION CYCLE *

The cyclic nature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) synthesis in relation to cell division is now well established. The evidence that synthesis regularly occurs in interphase and coincides with the duplication of the chromosomes has been reviewed previously (Taylor, 1957). Studies on the distribution of tritium-thymidine incorporated into chromosomes show that duplication is accomplished by separation of the two original DNA subunits of each chromosome and by the synthesis of two new subunits. At the following division each chromatid (daughter chromosome) receives one original and one new subunit. The new subunit labeled by the tritium in each chromosome is passed on intact to one of the daughter chromosomes descended from these labeled chromosomes (Taylor et al., 1957). The subunits are conserved a t each duplication and only become disrupted by an occasional sister chromatid exchange, that is, exchange between the daughter chromosomes that probably occurs during duplication (Taylor, 1 9 5 9 ~ ) . Cyclic changes of RNA synthesis in relation to cell division are less well understood and appear to be less predictable. A few instances in which RNA synthesis stopped or fell to a low level during chromosome duplication have been reported (Taylor, 1958,19593; Sisken, 1959). However, this is not a regular occurrence (Woods and Taylor, 1959) and there are many types of cells in which the synthesis of both types of nucleic acids proceeds simultaneously. One cyclic change that appears to be regular is the failure of cells with condensed chromosomes to form new RNA. I n several types of cells indications that RNA synthesis stops during the middle stages of division have been observed (Taylor, 1958 and 19593). By the use of autoradiography and tritium-labeled nucleosides of high speif ic activity, especially with cells in sterile culture, a more critical analysis of the cyclic changes in RNA synthesis is now possible. The objective in the present work was t.o obtain additional information on the site of synthesis of RNA and to study cyclic variations in relation to the division stages.