Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Effective SAT Solver Utilizing ACO Based on Heterogenous Systems

This paper presents new parallel strategies for preprocessing and solving the issue of Boolean Satisfaction (SAT) on Heterogeneous systems of multicore and many-core CPU and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) using Open Multi-Processor (OpenMP) and NVIDIA - CUDA. We propose exceptionally proficient and parallel techniques for SAT simplifications using the variable elimination method based on the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland (DPLL) slitting rule algorithm performed with a shared-memory model on a multicore CPU platform, where the clause elimination subsumption and the pure-literal removal techniques are completely performed on the CUDA framework. We demonstrate how efficient an evolutionary SAT solver is by using the suggested heterogeneous pre-processing, leading to important acceleration improvements in the solution’s quality enhancement. The penalization of the transformative SAT solver is executed with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) scheme utilizing CUDA. (Compute Unified Device Architecture) We perform thorough benchmarks to test the performance of our preprocessor and solver implementations against various random SAT formulas. The promoted H-SAT pre-processor scheme has gotten a speed-up of a factor 15x over the sequential implementation with statistical reductions on the original CNF which becomes up to 49% and 43% in case of literals and clauses numbers exclusively, where the H-SAT gain strength the solvability of the ACO solver by 100% in some cases.
Machine Learning based Reduced Kernel PCA for Nonlinear Process Monitoring

Process monitoring is an essential part of industrial systems. It requires higher product quality and safety operations. Therefore, a nonlinear data-driven approach based reduced KPCA (RKPCA) for statistical monitoring of industrial processes is developed. RKPCA is a novel machine learning tool which merges dimensionality reduction and supervised learning. The use of classical KPCA for modeling and monitoring purposes can impose a high computational load when a large number of measurements are recorded. The main idea of the proposed RKPCA approach is to reduce the number of observations (samples) in the data matrix using the Euclidean distance between samples as dissimilarity metric so that only one observation is kept in case of redundancy. The Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) is used to evaluate the fault detection abilities of the proposed RKPCA technique. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared to the classical KPCA in terms of false alarms rates (FAR), missed detection rates (MDR) and computation times (CT).
Simulation of the Effects of Time and Size at Stocking on PCB Accumulation in Lake Trout

Abstract Manipulations of size at stocking and timing of stocking have already been used to improve survival of stocked salmonines in the Great Lakes. It should be possible to stock salmonines into the Great Lakes in a way that reduces the rate of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in these fishes. An individual-based model (IBM) was used to investigate the effects of size at stocking and timing of stocking on PCB accumulation by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan. The individual-based feature of the model allowed lake trout individuals to encounter prey fish individuals and then consume sufficiently small prey fish. The IBM accurately accounted for the variation in PCB concentrations observed within the Lake Michigan lake trout population. Results of the IBM simulations revealed that increasing the average size at stocking from 110 to 160 mm total length led to an increase in the average PCB concentration in the stocked cohort at age 5, after the fish had spent 4 years in the lake,.
A Histological Evaluation of Induced Resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in Potato Leaves

Systemically induced resistance against Phytophthora infestans in the potato cultivar ‘Bintje’ was studied histologically at the light microscopy level on the leaf surface, in the epidermis and in the mesophyll of challenged potato leaves. Systemic disease resistance was induced by a local pre-infection with the same fungus. On the leaf surface of induced plants, the germination of cysts was enhanced. In the epidermis of induced plants, papilla deposition increased and penetration decreased, whereas in the mesophyll of induced plants the spread of hyphae was reduced. It is suggested that the reduction of disease severity in induced plants is the result of the combined action of several successive defence reactions.
Comparative patterns of philopatry and dispersal in two common mole-rat populations: implications for the evolution of mole-rat sociality

Summary 1. The aridity food-distribution hypothesis (AFDH) maintains that ecological constraints and foraging risks in arid environments curtail dispersal and promote the evolution of cooperatively foraging social groups within African mole-rat populations. To assess the influence of habitat constraints upon mole-rat social behaviour and hence the validity of the AFDH, we investigated the differential patterns of dispersal and philopatry in two populations of the common mole-rat, Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus Lesson, one from a more ‘optimal’ habitat (mesic) and another from a ‘suboptimal’ habitat (arid). 2. Rates of immigration and emigration were markedly lower in the arid relative to the mesic site, reflecting divergence in the ecological constraints upon dispersal. 3. The rates of dispersal at both sites increased as a function of group size. However, for any given group size, colony attrition was significantly greater at the mesic site than at the arid site, probably reflecting the relaxation of constraints upon dispersal in mesic areas. 4. There was no sex bias in dispersal at either study site. 5. At the mesic sites dispersing and nondispersing individuals were of comparable mass, whilst at the arid site there was a trend for dispersing animals to be heavier than their nondispersing counterparts. 6. This investigation revealed marked differences between the study populations in the nature of dispersal. This reflects adaptive variation in social behaviour between the regions, and the results suggest that delayed dispersal and cooperation may be more crucial to individual survival in arid than in mesic areas. As such, these findings provide support for the underlying contention of the AFDH that ecological constraints on successful dispersal and colony formation in arid areas have promoted a greater degree of social cohesion in mole-rats occurring in these regions, ultimately advancing the evolution of group-living and cooperative foraging in the Bathyergidae.
Designing of a Solar Energy based Single Phase Dynamic Voltage Restorer using Fuzzy Logic Controlled Novel Boost Inverter

In this work, an energy-efficient and reliable model of photovoltaic based single phase Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is proposed in order to mitigate severe voltage sags, swells, and interruptions affecting the sensitive equipment connected in low voltage distribution side. In case of short or long duration interruption, it can fulfil the load power requirement acting as a UPS. Fuzzy logic controlled novel boost inverter improves overall efficiency and dynamic performance of the DVR system. Further, it is also designed to solve the voltage quality problem of distribution system with the minimum usage of energy from the utility grid and in the most efficient way by making optimal usage of solar energy. The proposed DVR system model involves two PV systems with low power DC to DC converter, chargeable batteries, switches, fuzzy logic controlled SPWM based boost inverter implemented by two DC to DC boost converters and one injection transformer for each phase under sag/swell. The results obtained after simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model of DVR in recovering the voltage sag/swell and interruption on the low voltage side of the distribution. The DVR model proposed is found capable of recovering voltage sag up to 0.1 p.u. and swell up to 1.9 p.u. of pre-sag voltage.
On Species-Area Relations

Species-area relationships have been of interest in ecology for a long time (de Candolle 1855; Jaccard 1902, 1908). They have been called "one of community ecology's few genuine laws" (Schoener 1976, p. 629). Plotting number of species (S) against sampling area (A), for a series of samples of increasing sizes, yields a monotonically increasing curve whose slope is steep at first but gradually becomes nearly flat. The shape of such curves has been used to help determine the area required to obtain an adequate sampling of the species in a particular community-the "minimal area" concept (Goodall 1952; Hopkins 1957; Cain and Castro 1959; Barkman 1989), to characterize community structure (Fisher et al. 1943; Goodall 1952; Preston 1962; May 1975), to estimate species richness (Evans et al. 1955; Kilburn 1966; Hubbell and Foster 1983; Palmer 1990; Baltanas 1992; Grassle and Maciolek 1992), to measure the effect of disturbance on communities (Lawrey 1991), and to define the appropriate size of reserves and natural areas in conservation biology (MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Soule et al. 1979; Williamson 1981). A large number of natural comimunities have been investigated, especially by plant ecologists. They found that different communities may exhibit different types of species-area relations. Among them, three expressions are most widely used: exponential curve (Gleason 1922, 1925),
Energy Consumption in Hospitals

Hospitals or health care buildings are social facilities designed to operate in general over 24 hours/day. Improving the energy efficiency of these facilities is an economic, environmental and societal challenge. This work aims at identifying the critical energy performance indicators in hospitals which could be monitored and optimized for an efficient energy management. This paper suggest an optimal approach for good practices of energy consumption in hospitals, especially, in Morocco. For energy optimization, it is wise to start by quantification and monitoring of energy performances indicators including the energy consumption of the most significant energy uses. The old health buildings were designed mainly according to criteria related to a care quality and service but the energy performance criteria was rarely studied. Hence, this strategy often leads a conception of infrastructure with significant and un-optimized energy consumption. Therefore, the energy consumptions were not the object of particular attention and the needs, no longer mastered, resulting in significant costs. The objective is to define the relevant factors, which significantly impact the energy performance. In this paper a methodology on understanding energy uses and evaluation of energy performance levels is developed for achievement of desired economic performance while preserving or even improve the comfort of patients and medical staff, the continuity of service and the of hygiene and safety level.
Permanence Improvement of a Local Energy Production System Including Unbalanced Loading

To establish a more sustainable future, we need to utilize local renewable energy sources and use up this energy in a smarter way. However, there are a lot of challenges and threats that evolve from elevated penetration levels in both photovoltaic and wind energy systems and due to sudden unbalance in the load. This paper introduces an adequate solution to enhance the stability functioning of a local energy production system (LEPS) with the aid of a robust control technique. This LEPS comprises of PV unit, wind turbine integrated with a battery bank due to the intermittency nature of both PV and wind power generating systems. In addition, both PV and wind power generation systems are separately moderated to wrest their maximum accessible powers. The usefulness of the control techniques is inspected in the presence of both constant and variable wind speed and partially shadow on the PV unit. Moreover, the unremitting load supplying at constant voltage and frequency for balanced and sudden unbalanced loading conditions is investigated via a variable modulation index control of the voltage source inverter.
A Case Study on Power Quality Analysis for 600 kW Grid Connected Wind Farm

With increase in energy demand, more numbers of renewable energy systems (RES) are connected to the grid. The integration of RES to the main electrical grid, causes the distortion in current and voltage waveforms. This distorted waveform has detrimental effects to the loads connected to that system. Grid systems’ current and voltage waveforms are also non-sinusoidal, when non-linear loads are connected to it. In this paper, current and voltage waveforms data from both grid side and output terminal of wind farm are collected by connecting fluke power quality analyzer (PQA) instrument and harmonic content are examined. Later it is compared with institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) and international electro technical commission (IEC) standards limits and conclusions are drawn from the analysed results.
An Analytical Model for Crowdsensing On-street Parking Spaces

Parking becomes an insurmountable pain in cities as the world continues to urbanize and the car ownership becomes common. Industry and academia have made great efforts to facilitate parking and lessen the drivers' searching time by utilizing real-time sensing techniques or big data based occupancy prediction algorithms. In this paper, we focus on an innovative crowdsensing way to provide the currently unavailable on-street parking information for smart cities, and analyze the number of sensing units required by the crowdsensing approach. An analytical model is developed to find the relationship among the required sensing units, detection accuracy and update time based on historical parking data derived from Open Data portals of two metropolises in China. The model proves that the crowdsensing approach has a great potential in bringing the on-street parking information to drivers by employing significantly fewer sensing units compared with the traditional fixed sensing alternative.
Research on Faraday Error of Axial Magnetic Field Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber Optic Gyro

Most of the existing interferometric fiber optic gyros (IFOG) use magnetic shielding technology, and the magnetic shielding greatly increases the volume and weight, which is disadvantageous for miniaturization and light weight of the gyro. The current research only focuses on the influence of the radial magnetic field on the IFOG, and does not consider the axial magnetic field. The difference is mainly due to the change of the size and direction of the magnetic field and the twist rate of the fiber coil. According to Jones matrix and Faraday migration theory, the axial magnetic field Faraday migration formula is derived and the validity of the theory is verified by experiments.
Device for Cell Culture under Variable Mechanical Stress by Controlling Deformation on its Substrate

Mechanotransduction can enhance cell cultures when its substrate is subjected to dynamic strain. This paper presents the design and implementation of a device that applies variable mechanical stress on a flexible biocompatible substrate. An embedded system implements a closed-loop PID control that acts on a proportional valve, which regulates the negative pressure in a chamber, generated by a miniature vacuum pump. The top cover of the chamber is a membrane that stretches according to the generated vacuum and is used for cell culture. The elastic modulus of the produced membrane was 260 kPa, similar to soft biological tissue. The deformation of the membrane was quantified by image processing and a linear pressure-deformation relationship was achieved (r and gt; 0.99). The controller was designed based on the identified valve's dynamic and it allowed variable deformations on the membrane with an amplitude of 20 % and a frequency of 2 Hz, selected by the user. The implemented device is PC independent and has a cost, size and weight almost two orders of magnitude lower than a similar commercial version.
Development and validation of site-specific water quality criteria for copper

Comparative acute toxicity values for Ceriodaphnia dubia, Scapholeberis sp. and Pimephales promelas exposed to copper were used to calculate water effect ratios (e.g., site water LC50 value/reference water LC50 value), which reflect the difference in the biological availability and/or toxicity of copper between water from the Naugatuck River, Connecticut and Lake Superior reference water. These ratios were used to modify U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ambient aquatic life criteria for copper to site- and station-specific criteria, using the indicator procedure of the U.S. EPA guidelines for deriving site-specific water quality criteria. A water effect ratio of 1.0 was established using unpolluted upstream water, resulting in a site-specific criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) of 8.7 and 6.2 μg/L copper, respectively. Mean water effect ratios of 3.9 to 7.0, reflective of reduced biological availability and/or toxicity of copper, were determined for four successive downstream stations where the water contained copper and other industrial and domestic wastes. The resulting station-specific CMCs and CCCs ranged from 32 to 57 and 22 to 39 μg/L copper, respectively. These copper criteria were compared with effluent-contributed ambient copper concentrations and ecological survey data from each downstream station to ascertain impact on aquatic life. It was concluded that the national and site-specific criteria derived for copper would be protective of the river's aquatic life because a relatively healthy aquatic community existed where these criteria were exceeded slightly. Whether or not the station-specific criteria were protective could not be determined because these criteria were not exceeded at stations with healthy communities; however, where they were exceeded, impaired aquatic communities were evident. Generally, C. dubia survival and young production data from receiving water tests and copper addition tests, conducted just prior to the acute toxicity tests, were also indicative of reduced copper biological availability and/or toxicity in the Naugatuck River at downstream stations.
Primary Frequency Regulation of Isolated Microgrid based on Three-Dimensional Fuzzy Logic Control for Deloaded PMSG Enhanced by Diesel Generator

This paper introduces a new method to improve the performance of an Isolated Microgrid (IMG) composed of five Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) based on a Permanent magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), one Diesel Generator (DG) and Variable Load (VL). Indeed, to provide relief to the IMG during depressed frequency conditions, deloaded WTGs are controlled, using their energy reserve margin supported by DG. The frequency support from individual WTGs is controlled on the base of the available reserve, which depends on the prevailing wind speed. Therefore, in response to the primary frequency deviation, the pitch angle is controlled. The frequency regulation is significantly improved in terms of stress reduction on WTGs during low wind speed. Mainly, a robust pitch angle control strategy based on energy management using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) and Deloaded Control (DC) is improved. The system operation is investigated under a variety of conditions to prove the efficiency and stability of the system with the proposed technique. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy via the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Morphological phylogenetics and the universe of useful characters

The recent contribution by Scotland and colleagues (2003) has generated an important debate on the future of morphological phylogenetics in the genomic era. While many of the proposals ofthat paper have been challenged (e.g., Jenner, 2004; Lee, 2004; Wiens, 2004; Smith & Turner, 2005), one controversial argument, recently reit erated in this journal (Olmstead & Scotland, 2005), has not been empirically evaluated. This is the assertion that most of the phylogenetically informative variation in morphology has already been scrutinised and analysed, and that "morphological dataseis are unlikely to expand in size without encountering . problems with character conceptualisation and coding" (p. 7). However, in neither of their papers did they present any empirical evidence to support this claim. In their first contribution, they pre sented hypothetical graphs showing how adding charac ters might reduce the overall "quality" of the characters (Scotland & al., 2003: figs. lc-d). However, this situa tion assumes that the most informative characters will be
Backstepping Control Based on the PSO Algorithm for a Three-Phase PV System Connected to the Grid under Load Variation

The purpose of this work is to ensure the control of the active and reactive power of a photovoltaic system connected to the three-phase grid, based on an advanced nonlinear method.The proposed control process, develops three cascaded controllers: the first controller interests the converter DC-DC, with objective to impose the PV voltage to find the MPP (maximum power point). The second controller is designed to inject into the grid a sinusoidal three-phase current, ensuring a unit power factor, through the control of the DC-AC converter. The synthesis of these two controllers was performed using the nonlinear control technique Backstepping, based on the stability function of lyapunov. In addition, the design of a third controller, based on the PI controller with the optimization technique Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), aims to regulate the DC link voltage at a constant reference value. The performance of this control strategy is evaluated with different types of loads, and under changing atmospheric conditions, using the Matlab / Simulink environment.
Bit Error Rate Analysis of Analog and Hybrid Beamforming Techniques

The objective of this paper is to compare the two beamforming techniques that will come into use for the deployment of 5th generation communication networks. This is a side by side comparison of analog and hybrid beamforming which is said to be the main techniques that have been suggested by industry specialists over the past couple of years. Bit Error Rate is kept as the top priority and the codes are written on MATLAB. The bit error rate has been calculated with the help of constellation diagrams to give us an exact idea of the beamforming techniques and its disadvantages.
A Survey on Performance Analysis of Block Cipher Algorithms

In today’s scenario, Security is the most vital form of features in the network and internet applications. Network and Internet applications are increasing quickly, so the importance of the data swapped over the internet are also growing. Hence to provide the required protection against the data attacks is one of the significant solutions in the security related applications. Block cipher symmetric key cryptography plays a significant part in data security systems. This paper offers a comparison among the commonly used symmetric key cryptography algorithms: DES (Data Encryption standard), Blowfish, TDES (Triple Data Encryption Standard), PRESENT, KLEIN. The comparison of algorithm is performed based on Attacks, key size and block size and providing state-of-the-art results in their field.