Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA Signature of Intestinal Acute Cellular Rejection in Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Mucosal Biopsies

Despite continuous improvement of immunosuppression, small bowel transplantation (SBT) is plagued by a high incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR) that is frequently intractable. Therefore, there is a need to uncover novel insights that will lead to strategies to achieve better control of ACR. We hypothesized that particular miRNAs provide critical regulation of the intragraft immune response. The aim of our study was to identify miRNAs involved in intestinal ACR. We examined 26 small intestinal mucosal biopsies (AR/NR group; 15/11) obtained from recipients after SBT or multivisceral transplantation. We investigated the expression of 384 mature human miRNAs and 280 mRNAs associated with immune, inflammation and apoptosis processes. We identified differentially expressed 28 miRNAs and 58 mRNAs that characterized intestinal ACR. We found a strong positive correlation between the intragraft expression levels of three miRNAs (miR‐142‐3p, miR‐886‐3p and miR‐132) and 17 mRNAs including CTLA4 and GZMB. We visualized these miRNAs within cells expressing CD3 and CD14 proteins in explanted intestinal allografts with severe ACR. Our data suggested that miRNAs have a critical role in the activation of infiltrating cells during intestinal ACR. These differences in miRNA expression patterns can be used to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for immunosuppressive agents.
A Decision Tree-Based Approach to Mining the Rules of Concept Drift

In a database, the concept of an example might change along with time, which is known as concept drift. When the concept drift occurs, the classification model built by using old dataset is not suitable for predicting new coming dataset. Although many algorithms had been proposed to solve this problem, they focus only on updating the classification model. However, in a real life users might be very interested in the rules of concept drift. For example, doctors would desire to know the main causes more for disease variation since such rules would enable them to diagnose patients more correctly and quickly. In this paper, we propose a concept drift rule mining tree to accurately discover the rule of concept drift. The main contributions of this paper are: a) we address the problem of mining concept-drifting rule which was ignored in the past; b) our method can accurately mine the rule of concept drift.
Analyse du contenu informationnel d'un consensus de marché

Le consensus de marche est une moyenne des previsions de plusieurs sources independantes concernant les benefices par action et leur taux de croissance a moyen terme. Apres avoir decrit le comportement de revision des analystes financiers, l'etude met en evidence le fait que l'agregation permet en moyenne une prevision plus precise d'un parametre grâce a la diversification du risque idiosyncratique de chaque prevision. Il est aussi montre que l'utilisation de ces donnees est utile a des fins de gestion de portefeuille, meme si une partie de l'information est integree dans les cours des titres. Enfin la dispersion est un substitut aux mesures traditionnelles du risque boursier.
The pathogenesis of diclofenac induced immunoallergic hepatitis in a canine model of liver injury

Hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is a common adverse drug reaction and may result in serious inflammatory reactions of the liver. To investigate mechanism of immunoallergic hepatitis beagle dogs were given 1 or 3 mg/kg/day (HD) oral diclofenac for 28 days. HD diclofenac treatment caused liver function test abnormalities, reduced haematocrit and haemoglobin but induced reticulocyte, WBC, platelet, neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Histopathology evidenced hepatic steatosis and glycogen depletion, apoptosis, acute lobular hepatitis, granulomas and mastocytosis. Whole genome scans revealed 663 significantly regulated genes of which 82, 47 and 25 code for stress, immune response and inflammation. Immunopathology confirmed strong induction of IgM, the complement factors C3&B, SAA, SERPING1 and others of the classical and alternate pathway. Alike, marked expression of CD205 and CD74 in Kupffer cells and lymphocytes facilitate antigen presentation and B-cell differentiation. The highly induced HIF1A and KLF6 protein expression in mast cells and macrophages sustain inflammation. Furthermore, immunogenomics discovered 24, 17, 6 and 11 significantly regulated marker genes to hallmark M1/M2 polarized macrophages, lymphocytic and granulocytic infiltrates; note, the latter was confirmed by CAE staining. Other highly regulated genes included alpha-2-macroglobulin, CRP, hepcidin, IL1R1, S100A8 and CCL20. Diclofenac treatment caused unprecedented induction of myeloperoxidase in macrophages and oxidative stress as shown by SOD1/SOD2 immunohistochemistry. Lastly, bioinformatics defined molecular circuits of inflammation and consisted of 161 regulated genes. Altogether, the mechanism of diclofenac induced liver hypersensitivity reactions involved oxidative stress, macrophage polarization, mastocytosis, complement activation and an erroneous programming of the innate and adaptive immune system.
Rating the Raters: Assessing the Quality of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Clinical Interviews in Two Industry-sponsored Clinical Drug Trials

Objective: The quality of clinical interviews conducted in industry-sponsored clinical drug trials is an important but frequently overlooked variable that may influence the outcome of a study. We evaluated the quality of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) clinical interviews performed at baseline in 2 similar multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled depression trials sponsored by 2 pharmaceutical companies. Methods: A total of 104 audiotaped HAM-D clinical interviews were evaluated by a blinded expert reviewer for interview quality using the Rater Applied Performance Scale (RAPS). The RAPS assesses adherence to a structured interview guide, clarification of and follow-up to patient responses, neutrality, rapport, and adequacy of information obtained. Results: HAM-D interviews were brief and cursory and the quality of interviews was below what would be expected in a clinical drug trial. Thirty-nine percent of the interviews were conducted in 10 minutes or less, and most interviews were rated fair or unsatisfactory on most RAPS dimensions. Conclusions: Results from our small sample illustrate that the clinical interview skills of raters who administered the HAM-D were below what many would consider acceptable. Evaluation and training of clinical interview skills should be considered as part of a rater training program.
Public beliefs and use of antibiotics for acute respiratory illness

OBJECTIVE: To better understand public beliefs and use of antibiotics for acute respiratory illnesses. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred eighty-six adult members (aged 18 years or older) of a group-model HMO in the Denver metropolitan area. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-three (70%) of the respondents reported that antibiotics were beneficial for bacterial respiratory illnesses, 211 (55%) reported that antibiotics were beneficial for viral respiratory illnesses, and 82 (21%) reported that antibiotics were beneficial for bacterial but not for viral illness. Multivariate regression analysis identified consulting an advice nurse (odds ratio [OR] 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7, 5.3), ever being told by a provider that antibiotics were not needed for a respiratory illness episode (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2, 3.6), having a chronic medical condition (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.0, 3.9), and believing antibiotics to be helpful for viral (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.3, 4.7) or bacterial (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2, 6.7) respiratory illnesses to be independently associated with antibiotic use for respiratory illnesses during the previous year. There was a trend toward lower previous antibiotic use among those believing antibiotics to be helpful for bacterial illness but not for viral illness. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of understanding about antibiotic effectiveness exists in the community. Increased previous antibiotic use among those believing antibiotics to be effective for viral illnesses suggests that improvements are needed in communications to patients and the public about antibiotic appropriateness.
Frontolateral Vertical Partial Laryngectomy without Tracheotomy for Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the True Vocal Cord: A 25-Year Experience

On the basis of an inception cohort of 270 patients with a previously untreated invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal cord (232 T1N0M0, 35 T2N0M0, and 3 T3N0M0) and a minimum of 3 years of follow-up, the authors analyze the oncological and functional outcomes following frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy without tracheotomy. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial survival estimate ranged from 83.1% for T1 tumors to 67.2% for T2 tumors (p = .005). On univariate analysis, a significant statistical relationship was noted between reduced survival and the following variables: increased age, increased Charlson comorbidity index score over grade 0, increased tobacco intake, increased alcohol intake, increased T stage, local failure, nodal failure, and development of a metachronous second primary cancer. The hospital mortality rate was 0.4%. A significant postoperative surgical complication was noted in 49 patients (18.1%). The predominant significant surgical complication was wound infection (19 patients; 7%), followed by seroma and major subcutaneous emphysema. No significant statistical relationship was noted in a comparison of each significant postoperative complication (including postoperative death) with the variables under analysis. The incidence of secondary tracheotomy was 0.4%. The incidence of completion laryngectomy due to functional problems was 0%. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial local control estimate was 91% for T1 tumors and 68.7% for T2 tumors (p < .0001). Within the T1 tumors, the 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial local control estimate ranged from 96.2% for tumors without anterior commissure involvement to 74.7% for tumors with anterior commissure involvement (p = .0002). On univariate analysis, a significant statistical relationship was noted between an increase in local recurrence and the following variables: increased T stage, anterior commissure involvement, and pathological margin involvement. The overall disease control rate and laryngeal preservation rate were 92.9% and 93.3%, respectively.
Remogliflozin etabonate: a novel SGLT2 inhibitor for treatment of diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Inhibitors of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) represent a new class of anti-hyperglycemic agents with a unique mechanism of action. These drugs lower blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion. Remogliflozin etabonate (RE) is a prodrug of remogliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor under development. Areas covered: The following article reviews all of the clinical studies published regarding metabolism, drug interaction, safety and efficacy of RE in healthy subjects, patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Expert opinion: Available data suggest low potential for RE to interact with other drugs affecting the P450 system. Compared with placebo, RE reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels by an average of 0.5 – 1.0% after 12 weeks of therapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Because of its relatively short half-life, RE may be slightly more effective when used twice daily than once daily. One preliminary study also showed that RE decreased plasma glucose levels in type 1 diabetes. Advantages of RE include modest weight loss of ∼ 2 kg, low risk of hypoglycemia, and a trend toward decrease in blood pressure. The commonest adverse effects of RE are genital mycotic infections, urinary tract infections, and dizziness. However, further studies are needed to establish its long-term safety and efficacy, and to determine whether it has specific advantages over currently approved SGLT2 inhibitors.
Peer relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction: The mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of the need to belong

Background and aims Adolescent smartphone addiction has received increased attention in recent years, and peer relationship has been found to be a protective factor in adolescent smartphone. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the mediating role of self-esteem in the association between student–student relationship and smartphone addiction, and (b) the moderating role of the need to belong in the indirect relationship between student–student relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction. Methods This model was examined with 768 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 16.81 years, SD = 0.73); the participants completed measurements regarding student–student relationship, self-esteem, the need to belong, and smartphone addiction. Results The correlation analyses indicated that student–student relationship was significantly negatively associated with adolescent smartphone addiction, and the need to belong was significantly positively associated with adolescent smartphone addiction. Mediation analyses revealed that self-esteem partially mediated the link between student-student relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction. Moderated mediation further indicated that the mediated path was weaker for adolescents with lower levels of the need to belong. Discussion and conclusion High self-esteem could be a protective factor against smartphone addiction for adolescents with a strong need to belong as these students appeared to be at elevated risk of developing smartphone addiction.
Tellurite susceptibility and non-plasmid-mediated resistance in Escherichia coli

Tellurite (TeO3(2-)) is highly toxic toward Escherichia coli (MIC, approximately 1 microgram ml-1). Mutants (Tel) that were resistant to low levels of TeO3(2-) (MIC, approximately 10 micrograms ml-1) and collaterally resistant to arsenate were isolated. These Tel mutants were unable to grow on media containing low levels of Pi, which supported growth of the parent strain. When grown at much higher Pi levels they exhibited depressed levels of the outer membrane phoE protein and the periplasmic phoS protein, as well as several other proteins indicative of Pi starvation. Tel mutants were markedly defective in 32Pi transport, and TeO3(2-) was shown to be a potent competitive inhibitor of 32Pi transport in the parent strain. The Tel phenotype could be complemented by an F' plasmid harboring the phoR, phoB, and phoA loci, and curing of the F' plasmid completely restored TeO3(2-) resistance. Of a variety of well-characterized Pi transport mutants, only phoB mutants were equally resistant to TeO3(2-), and susceptibility could also be restored in strains carrying an F' plasmid for the phoB region and lost once more after F' curing. The tel and phoB loci were equally cotransducible with lac. Tel mutants still synthesized alkaline phosphatase, the phoA gene product, after Pi starvation, suggesting that the phoB locus per se was not involved because phoB is a positive regulatory gene for phoA expression. The results indicate that TeO3(2-) is transported into E. coli by a phosphate transport system and that resistance to TeO3(2-) specifically selects for as yet uncharacterized mutants in the phoB-phoA region of the chromosome.
Recent advances in coronal heating

The solar corona, the tenuous outer atmosphere of the Sun, is orders of magnitude hotter than the solar surface. This ‘coronal heating problem’ requires the identification of a heat source to balance losses due to thermal conduction, radiation and (in some locations) convection. The review papers in this Theo Murphy meeting issue present an overview of recent observational findings, large- and small-scale numerical modelling of physical processes occurring in the solar atmosphere and other aspects which may affect our understanding of the proposed heating mechanisms. At the same time, they also set out the directions and challenges which must be tackled by future research. In this brief introduction, we summarize some of the issues and themes which reoccur throughout this issue.
Spiritual coping strategies: a review of the nursing research literature.

AIMS OF THE PAPER This paper reviews some of the limited nursing research-based literature, orientated towards the use of spiritual coping strategies in illness. This review aims at identifying those spiritual coping strategies used by the believers and nonbelievers followed by implications for holistic nursing care. LITERATURE SEARCH The CINAHL and MEDLINE CD Rom databases were searched, identifying literature published from 1975 onwards which amounted to 187 articles. The majority of the literature traced were found anecdotal with only few studies investigating directly spiritual coping strategies. Following scrutiny of the available articles, only five research studies explored directly the spiritual coping strategies used in various illness, four of which were conducted in USA and one in UK. Because of the small scale research studies, generalization of the findings of this review is limited to the samples used. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Research suggests that spiritual coping strategies, involving relationship with self, others, Ultimate other/God or nature were found to help individuals to cope with their ailments. This may be because of finding meaning, purpose and hope, which may nurture individuals in their suffering. Spirituality is oftenly referred by literature as being synonymous with religiosity. Thus the use of spiritual coping strategies is restricted to individuals who hold religious beliefs. However, the definition of spirituality indicates that this concept is broader than religiosity. The theories on stress-coping (Folkman & Lazarus 1984) and the numinous experience (Otto 1950) outline the rationale for the use of these strategies which are applicable to both the believers and nonbelievers. IMPLICATIONS This review suggests that the onset of illness may render the individual, being a believer or nonbeliever to realize the lack of control over his/her life. However the use of spiritual coping strategies may enhance self-empowerment, leading to finding meaning and purpose in illness. This implies that holistic care incorporates facilitation of various spiritual coping strategies to safeguard the wholeness and integrity of the patients.
Effects of serum TSH and FT4 levels and the TSHR‐Asp727Glu polymorphism on bone: the Rotterdam Study

Background TSH and thyroid hormone may have independent effects on bone. In this study we investigated the association of TSH and free T4 (FT4) with different bone parameters in human subjects. TSH and FT4 are known to be associated with body mass index (BMI) and a higher BMI gives a higher bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, we aimed to determine whether the effects of TSH and FT4 on bone are mediated by BMI. As TSH exerts its biological effect through the TSH receptor (TSHR), the TSHR gene might be a candidate gene affecting bone mass. The TSHR‐Asp727Glu polymorphism is associated with lower TSH levels. We therefore examined the association of this polymorphism with bone parameters.
Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol Use, High-Risk Drinking, and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Importance Lack of current and comprehensive trend data derived from a uniform, reliable, and valid source on alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a major gap in public health information. Objective To present nationally representative data on changes in the prevalences of 12-month alcohol use, 12-month high-risk drinking, 12-month DSM-IV AUD, 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month alcohol users, and 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month high-risk drinkers between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. Design, Setting, and Participants The study data were derived from face-to-face interviews conducted in 2 nationally representative surveys of US adults: the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, with data collected from April 2001 to June 2002, and the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III, with data collected from April 2012 to June 2013. Data were analyzed in November and December 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Twelve-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD. Results The study sample included 43 093 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions and 36 309 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. Between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD increased by 11.2%, 29.9%, and 49.4%, respectively, with alcohol use increasing from 65.4% (95% CI, 64.3%-66.6%) to 72.7% (95% CI, 71.4%-73.9%), high-risk drinking increasing from 9.7% (95% CI, 9.3%-10.2%) to 12.6% (95% CI, 12.0%-13.2%), and DSM-IV AUD increasing from 8.5% (95% CI, 8.0%-8.9%) to 12.7% (95% CI, 12.1%-13.3%). With few exceptions, increases in alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013 were also statistically significant across sociodemographic subgroups. Increases in all of these outcomes were greatest among women, older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and individuals with lower educational level and family income. Increases were also seen for the total sample and most sociodemographic subgroups for the prevalences of 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month alcohol users from 12.9% (95% CI, 12.3%-17.5%) to 17.5% (95% CI, 16.7%-18.3%) and 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month high-risk drinkers from 46.5% (95% CI, 44.3%-48.7%) to 54.5% (95% CI, 52.7%-56.4%). Conclusions and Relevance Increases in alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD in the US population and among subgroups, especially women, older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and the socioeconomically disadvantaged, constitute a public health crisis. Taken together, these findings portend increases in many chronic comorbidities in which alcohol use has a substantial role.
Characteristics of veterans and nonveterans in three samples of homeless men.

OBJECTIVE To uncover possible explanations for the large numbers of veterans in the homeless population, the study sought to identify differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between homeless male veterans and other homeless men. METHODS A secondary analysis of data from three surveys of homeless Americans conducted during the mid-1980s was used to compare homeless veterans and homeless nonveterans. RESULTS Compared with nonveterans, homeless veterans were older, more likely to be white, better educated, and more likely to be previously or currently married. Generally, veterans did not differ from nonveterans on any indicator of residential instability, current social functioning, physical health, mental illness, or substance abuse. Examination of national data comparing domiciled veterans and nonveterans in the general population showed that observed sociodemographic differences between homeless veterans and nonveterans were largely explained by differences between these groups in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Although homeless veterans had higher educational levels and were more likely to have been married in the past than homeless nonveterans, these advantages did not appear to protect them from homelessness. Veterans appear to be at risk for homelessness for much the same reasons as other American men.