Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribución de las revistas académicas y los premios Nobel de Economía al mejoramiento del campo financiero en Colombia

El presente articulo muestra, en primer lugar, las principales ventajas de la base de datos en linea http:// www.jstor. org como fuente de consulta e investigacion para programas academicos en el campo financiero. Ademas, plantea la influencia de las publicaciones y de las universidades americanas en el diseno de la educacion doctoral en el area financiera, apo- yandose principalmente en un estudio realizado por Corrado y Ferris (1997), entre otras investigaciones similares. Este analisis se establecio como marco de referencia para mejorar la calidad de los programas academicos en el ambito financiero y, mas especificamente, en el area de Mercados Financieros para el caso colombiano. En segundo lugar, presenta un breve analisis sobre la relevancia de los premios Nobel de Economia en el area financiera, junto con una breve sintesis de la evolucion del pensamiento economico y de la Economia Financiera. Finalmente, concluye que existe una fuerte relacion entre las publicaciones financieras lideres, las universidades mas impor- tantes y la contribucion de los premios en Ciencias Economicas a este campo.
Potent Anti-Tumor Activity of a Novel Cationic Pyridinium-Ceramide Alone or In Combination with Gemcitabine Against Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas In vitro and In vivo

In this study, a cationic water-soluble ceramide analogue L-threo-C 6 -Pyridinium-Ceramide-bromide (L-t-C 6 -Pyr-Cer), which exhibits high solubility and bio-availability, inhibited the growth of various human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines at low IC 50 concentrations, independent of their p53 status. Consistent with its design to target negatively charged intracellular compartments, L-t-C 6 -Pyr-Cer accumulated mainly in mitochondria-, and nuclei-enriched fractions upon treatment of UM-SCC-22A cells (human SCC of the hypopharynx) at 1-6 hr. In addition to its growth inhibitory function as a single agent, the supra-additive interaction of L-t-C 6 -Pyr-Cer with gemcitabine (GMZ), a chemotherapeutic agent used in HNSCC, was determined using isobologram studies. Then, the effects of this ceramide, alone or in combination with GMZ, on the growth of UM-SCC-22A xenografts in SCID mice was assessed following the determination of pre-clinical parameters, such as maximum tolerated dose (MTD), clearance from the blood, and bioaccumulation. Results demonstrated that treatment with L-t-C 6 -Pyr-Cer in combination with GMZ significantly prevented the growth of HNSCC tumors in vivo . The therapeutic efficacy of L-t-C 6 -Pyr-Cer/GMZ combination against HNSCC tumors was about 2.5-fold better than that of the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin (CP). In addition, LC/MS analysis showed that the levels of L-t-C 6 -Pyr-Cer in HNSCC tumors were significantly higher than its levels in the liver and intestines, and interestingly, the combination with GMZ increased the sustained accumulation of this ceramide by about 40%. Moreover, treatment with L-t-C 6 -Pyr-Cer/GMZ
Life cycle assessment of Finnish cultivated rainbow trout

Rainbow trout is economically the most important cultivated fish in Finland. In this study, new knowledge on the energy consumption, emissions and environmental impacts caused by the production of rainbow trout in Finland was generated. Methodologically the work was based on life cycle assessment (LCA) beginning from the extraction of raw materials and ending with the delivery of gutted fish to the retailers or for further processing. The environmental performances of production methods with different feeds, feed coefficients and technical emission reduction measures were assessed. The environmental impact assessment revealed that atmospheric emissions - originating mainly from the feed raw material production, feed manufacturing and transportation - make only a minor contribution to the total environmental impacts caused by the production of rainbow trout in Finland. Phosphorus and nitrogen emissions from fish farms to waters are the most significant emissions from the point of view of the total environmental impacts. By using new, environmentally friendly feeds with increased feed efficiency it is possible to decrease the nitrogen and phosphorus loads significantly. Technical measures to decrease nutrient emissions to the waters reduce the phosphorus load but have only a minor effect on nitrogen. Energy consumption and the use of renewable energy sources proved to be one of the key indicators for developing more sustainable aquacultural practices in Finland, although the major share of energy consumption associated with the production of rainbow trout takes place outside Finland.
Use of 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: Updated HPV Vaccination Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

During its February 2015 meeting, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (9vHPV) (Gardasil 9, Merck and Co., Inc.) as one of three HPV vaccines that can be used for routine vaccination. HPV vaccine is recommended for routine vaccination at age 11 or 12 years. ACIP also recommends vaccination for females aged 13 through 26 years and males aged 13 through 21 years not vaccinated previously. Vaccination is also recommended through age 26 years for men who have sex with men and for immunocompromised persons (including those with HIV infection) if not vaccinated previously. 9vHPV is a noninfectious, virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine. Similar to quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV), 9vHPV contains HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 VLPs. In addition, 9vHPV contains HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 VLPs. 9vHPV was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 10, 2014, for use in females aged 9 through 26 years and males aged 9 through 15 years. For these recommendations, ACIP reviewed additional data on 9vHPV in males aged 16 through 26 years. 9vHPV and 4vHPV are licensed for use in females and males. Bivalent HPV vaccine (2vHPV), which contains HPV 16, 18 VLPs, is licensed for use in females. This report summarizes evidence considered by ACIP in recommending 9vHPV as one of three HPV vaccines that can be used for vaccination and provides recommendations for vaccine use.
Efficacy by ulcer type and safety of lipo-PGE1 for Japanese patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

AIM To examine the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin E(1) incorporated into lipid microspheres (lipo-PGE(1)), Palux Injection, in patients with diabetic foot ulcers classified as ischemic, neuropathic, or neuroischemic at 108 medical institutions throughout Japan. METHODS A prospective observational study. RESULTS The safety and efficacy of the drug were analyzed in 388 and 280 patients, respectively.The overall ulcer size reduction rate at the end of administration was 42.5%: 34.0%, 61.8%, and 33.1% in 71 patients with ischemic ulcer, 70 patients with neuropathic ulcer, and 125 patients with neuroischemic ulcers, respectively. Although lipo-PGE(1) was effective for all the ulcer types examined, the ulcer size reduction rate was significantly higher for neuropathic ulcer than for other types of ulcers. The overall change in the ulcer severity score was -6.1. The change rates in ulcer severity scores were -5.5, -8.4, and -5.2 for ischemic, neuropathic, and neuroischemic ulcers, respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 71.5%. The efficacy rate for neuropathic ulcer was 83.6%, which was significantly higher than for ischemic (68.8%) and neuroischemic (65.3%) ulcers. On the other hand, the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 4.1% (16 cases among 388 patients), indicating that the drug was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Lipo-PGE(1) can be administered relatively safely for diabetic foot ulcers and is effective for all the ulcer types examined, especially for neuropathic ulcer.
Targeted therapy for advanced colorectal cancer--more is not always better.

During the past few years, the outlook for patients with colorectal cancer has brightened considerably. Fluorouracil, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (and therefore DNA synthesis), was until recently the only effective systemic treatment for this disease. Fluorouracil is usually administered with leucovorin (i.e., folinic acid), which appears to stabilize the binding of the drug to thymidylate synthase. Since 1996, three new cytotoxic drugs — capecitabine (an oral fluoropyrimidine), irinotecan (a topoisomerase I inhibitor that blocks DNA repair), and oxaliplatin (an inhibitor of DNA replication and possibly a down-regulator of the expression of thymidylate synthase) — have been introduced into clinical .
Comment peut-on défendre les 1% ?

Dans un article a paraitre dans le Journal of Economic Perspectives, Greg Mankiw, professeur a l’Universite Harvard et auteur reconnu de manuels universitaires, defend les revenus percus par les 1 % les plus aises (en opposition au mouvement 99 % qui denonce l’explosion des inegalites et la concentration des revenus et du patrimoine). Mankiw cite ainsi l’etude de Thomas Piketty et Emmanuel Saez (2003, mise a jour 2011)2, montrant qu’aux Etats-Unis, la part du revenu gagnee par les 1 % les plus aises est passee de 7,7 % en 1973 a 17,4 % en 2010 (.).
Differences in nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in children with nonsevere recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion: implications for management

Background. The interactions between nasopharyngeal flora and the individual entities covered by the broad term otitis media have not been completely elucidated. We investigated in infants and children ages 6 months to 7 years with nonsevere recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) or with chronic otitis media with effusion (cOME): (1) the nasopharyngeal carriage rate and bacterial density of respiratory pathogens and alpha-hemolytic streptococci in comparison with healthy children; (2) the resistance pattern of respiratory pathogens; and (3) the relationship between the type of nasopharyngeal colonization and long term outcome. Methods. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 85 children with rAOM,113 children with cOME and 55 controls. A semiquantitative analysis was used in the reading of cultures. A 12-week follow-up without treatment was planned. Results. The carrier rate of respiratory pathogens was significantly greater in cOME (70%) than in rAOM (45%) (P = 0.0006) or controls (31%) (P < 0.0001). Similarly colonization density was significantly greater in cOME than in rAOM. The carriage rate and the colonization density of alpha-hemolytic streptococci were significantly lower in rAOM than in cOME or controls. The incidence of resistant (R) strains was greater in rAOM (Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin-R, 24%; macrolide-R, 64%;Haemophilus influenzae amoxicillin-R, 24%) compared with cOME (S. pneumoniae penicillin-R,18%; macrolide-R, 44%;H. influenzae amoxicillin-R, 5%) or controls (S. pneumoniae penicillin-R, 8%; macrolide-R, 23%;H. influenzae amoxicillin-R, 10%). During the follow-up period persistence of OME and occurrence of AOM were greater among carriers of respiratory pathogens at baseline. Conclusions. There are substantial differences in nasopharyngeal flora between children with nonsevere rAOM and children with cOME. The results of nasopharyngeal cultures should be taken into account to avoid treatment with drugs that are ineffective and likely to select resistant organisms.
Regularized Dirac delta functions for phase field models

The phase field model is a highly successful computational technique for capturing the evolution and topological change of complex interfaces. The main computational advantage of phase field models is that an explicit tracking of the interface is unnecessary. The regularized Dirac delta function is an important ingredient in many interfacial problems that phase field models have been applied. The delta function can be used to postprocess the phase field solution and represent the surface tension force. In this paper, we present and compare various types of delta functions for phase field models. In particular, we analytically show which type of delta function works relatively well regardless of whether an interfacial phase transition is compressed or stretched. Numerical experiments are presented to show the performance of each delta function. Numerical results indicate that (1) all of the considered delta functions have good performances when the phase field is locally equilibrated; and (2) a delta function, which is the absolute value of the gradient of the phase field, is the best in most of the numerical experiments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nosocomial infection with Echovirus type II in handicapped and premature infants.

This report describes an outbreak of nosocomial infections due to echovirus type 11 among premature and/or handicapped infants in an intensive care unit. Four patients became ill within a short period of time and echovirus 11 was recovered from several of their specimens. The illnesses were clinically suggestive of bacterial sepsis and/or bacterial meningitis. Each of the four infants who became ill was in an isolette for a period of from 20 to 54 days before onset of illness. Three of the four patients became ill within 24 hours of one another which suggested a common exposure at nearly the same time. No index case could be identified, but it appears that this outbreak of enteroviral infections was due to inadequate hand washing by personnel. The outbreak was halted by removing the infants to an infectious disease unit and by closing the involved unit to new admissions for seven days.
Placing the enslaved at Oak Alley Plantation: narratives, spatial contexts, and the limits of surrogation

ABSTRACT As iconic landscapes of the American South and significant heritage tourism destinations, Southern plantation museums have traditionally erased slavery and the enslaved from their narratives of the antebellum past. Recently, some plantation museums, such as Oak Alley Plantation in Louisiana, are commemorating the enslaved within their landscapes and narratives, although often in limited and insufficient ways. In this paper, I draw on theories of symbolic excavation and commemorative surrogation to understand both the difficult memory work necessary to include the history of slavery at plantation museums and the fact that such museums or memorials act as surrogates for the lives of enslaved women and men that have been lost from our social memory. Using photographic documentation, content analysis, and textual analysis, I then examine the Slavery at Oak Alley exhibit to argue that fully assessing the efficacy of such commemorative surrogates requires that they be placed within the spatial narratives of both the plantation museum and the history of slavery more broadly.
Design and performance of residual quantizers

This paper shows that tree search encoders are ineffective when used to determine the closest code vector in residual quantizer (RQ) alphabets. In particular, the equivalent cell boundaries are poorly chosen and the labelling of equivalent code vectors produced by the decoder and by a tree-structured encoder are inconsistent. This problem does not arise when two-level RQ alphabets are used in trellis coded vector quantizers. Trellis-coded RQs are designed for the memoryless Gaussian, Laplacian, and Gauss-Markov sources at a rate of R=1 bit per sample with encouraging results; a SQNR of 5.92 dB has been achieved on the Gaussian source. <<ETX>>
Intrusion Detection Engine Based on Dempster-Shafer's Theory of Evidence

In the decision making process, the uncertainty existing in the network often leads to the failure of intrusion detection or low detection rate. The Dempster-Shafer's theory of evidence in data fusion has solved the problem of how to analyze the uncertainty in a quantitative way. In the evaluation, the ingoing and outgoing traffic ratio and service rate are selected as the detection metrics, and the prior knowledge in the DDoS domain is proposed to assign probability to evidence. Furthermore, the combination rule is used to combine the data collected by two sensors. The curves of belief mass function varied with time are also shown in the paper. Finally, the analysis of experimental results proves the ID detection engine efficient and applicable. The conclusions provide us with the academic foundation for our future implementation
Low back pain in young elite field hockey players, football players and speed skaters: Prevalence and risk factors.

BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) hampers performance and experiencing an episode of LBP is strongly associated with recurrent episodes. OBJECTIVE The prevalence of LBP and associated risk factors among young elite athletes in popular sports in the Netherlands were studied. METHODS A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was performed among 236 young elite athletes aged between 14–25 years in field hockey, football and speed skating. RESULTS One hundred and eighty one (n = 181) athletes responded (response rate 77%). The overall, 12-month prevalence of LBP for the three sports was 60%: field hockey 56%, football 64% and speed skating 60%. Satisfaction with their own performance (OR = 0.5 95%CI:0.3–0.9) and with the coaching staff (OR = 0.5, 95%CI:0.4–0.8) were associated with a lower occurrence of LBP in field hockey. No sport-related risk factors were found in football. In speed skating more training hours (OR = 1.1, 95%CI:1.0–1.2), performance of Pilates (OR = 4.1, 95%CI:1.1–15.7) and more time spent on warming up (OR = 1.1, 95%CI:1.0–1.1) were associated with the occurrence of LBP. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of LBP among young elite athletes compared to the general age-related population was 3–5 times higher. Sport-related risk factors of LBP were found in field hockey and in speed skating.
Distribution, speciation, and bioavailability of lanthanides in the Rhine‐Meuse estuary, The Netherlands

Changing environmental conditions may influence the fate and bioavailability of lanthanides (part of the rare earth elements [Ln]) in estuaries. The aim of this study was to quantify the variation in estuarine lanthanide solid/water distribution, speciation, and bioaccumulation. The latter was studied in the amphipod Corophium volutator under field and laboratory conditions. Calculations with the chemical equilibrium model MINEQL+ indicate that dissolved lanthanides are complexed mainly to carbonates and dissolved organic matter. In the water phase, the relative abundance of the free ion, LnCO3, and humic complexes decreases from lanthanum to lutetium, whereas the relative abundance of Ln(CO3)2 increases. Cerium and europium anomalies were found in the water. Europium anomalies were also found in some biota. The biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) decreased across the series from lanthanum to lutetium. Regression analysis revealed that alkalinity correlated negatively with lanthanide uptake. This suggests that increasing complexation reduced bioavailability under the prevailing conditions. The BSAFs did not depend on salinity or pH, which may simplify sediment‐quality criteria for fresh versus saline waters. Field BSAFs were significantly lower than laboratory values for the same sediments, which is explained by adaptation of the organisms to lanthanides.
Amnion membrane · Mesenchymal stem cell · Amniotic fluid · Stem cell 2 . 1 Amniotic Membrane and Amniotic Fluid

© Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, Shanghai and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 R.C. Zhao (ed.), Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation, Translational Medicine Research 1, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-7273-0_2 Abstract Application of amnion membrane with multiple bioactive biomaterial has over 100 years of history. Amnion membraneand amniotic fluid-derived stem cells mainly included mesenchymal stem cells and epithelial cells. They have special morphology and express some of stem cell markers, different immunophenotype molecules, and germ layer original protein markers for identification. Amnion membrane-derived stem cells may be isolated and purified by using two digestive enzymes, with different adherence time and subculture. They may differentiate into kinds of function cells of three germ layers in in vitro and in vivo. Amniotic fluid-derived and amniotic mesenchymal stem cells not only have the power of proliferation and plasticity feature, but also have other functions, such as immunoregulation, angiogenic potential, and secretion. Amniotic epithelial cells seem to play a more effective role in neuronal damage. The immunoregulation of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells is emphasized on effects and the mechanism. The transplantation of amnion membraneand amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, and engineered seed cells generate significant therapeutic actions on regeneration of tissue or organ injury and autoimmune diseases, etc. Although the safety and effectiveness still need further investigations, amnion membrane, amnion membraneand amniotic fluid-derived stem cells have been shown a broad application prospect. The mesenchymal stem cells are considered as available sources of regenerative treatment. As adult mesenchymal stem cells, are generally derived from the mesoderm, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose, amnion, amniotic fluid, Wharton’s jelly, and mobilizing peripheral blood. They have multipotent differentiation capacity and can be differentiated into various cell types, except for self-renewal. Many studies have demonstrated that the stem cells identified from amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid are shown to have advantages for many reasons, including the possibility of noninvasive isolation, low immunogenicity,
How new is the New World?

The first settlement of the Americas is one of those research questions in which convictions have sometimes seemed as important as data. There has recently been encouragement both for True Believers, in the very early sequence of dates reported by the French from a Brazilian rock-shelter, and for True Sceptics, in the revised and more recent dates now given to some of the older finds from North America after further study by AMS carbon dating. Here, a review of a major new book is the opportunity to review the issues.
A Three-Dimensional Motion Aftereffect Produced by Prolonged Adaptation to a Rotation Simulation

After adaptation to a perspective simulation of a square plane rotating in depth, an ambiguous rotation simulation (ie one containing no perspective information) appears to rotate in the direction opposite that of adaptation. The strength of this three-dimensional motion aftereffect (MAE) is proportional to the amount of perspective available in the adaptation display and, in the dark, decays to about 75% of its initial strength within about 546 s. The nature of the testing situation and a control experiment suggest that the three-dimensional MAE is not caused by retinal adaptation of two-dimensional directionally selective mechanisms.