Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Helicobacter pylori gene encoding phosphatidylserine synthase: sequence, expression, and insertional mutagenesis

The Helicobacter pylori pss gene, coding for phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS), was cloned and sequenced in this study. A polypeptide of 237 amino acids was deduced from the PSS sequence. H. pylori PSS exhibits significant amino acid sequence identity with the PSS proteins found in the archaebacterium Methanococcus jannaschii, the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae but none with its Escherichia coli counterpart. Expression of the putative pss gene in maxicells gave rise to a product of approximately 26 kDa, which is in agreement with the predicted molecular mass of 26,617 Da. A manganese-dependent PSS activity was found in the membrane fractions of the E. coli cells overexpressing the H. pylori pss gene product. This result indicates that this enzyme is a membrane-bound protein, a conclusion which is supported by the fact that the PSS protein contains several local hydrophobic segments which could form transmembrane helices. The pss gene was inactivated with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cassette on the plasmid. However, an isogenic pss gene-disrupted mutant of H. pylori UA802 could not be obtained, suggesting that this enzyme plays an essential role in the growth of this organism.
Zebrafish as a model organism for blood diseases

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model offers a unique opportunity to discover and study novel genes required for the control of normal vertebrate haematopoiesis. It is well suited for both developmental and genetic analysis: as an example, an anaemic mutant zebrafish line isolated in a genome-wide chemical mutagenesis screen has led to the identification of ferroportin 1, the orthologue of which was shown to be mutated in human type IV haemochromatosis. In addition, a zebrafish model of T-cell leukaemia has been established, opening the way for the use of this organism to dissect the aberrant genetic programmes that lead to haematologic malignancies. It should be possible to more precisely delineate molecular pathways responsible for human blood diseases, and thereby validate new target proteins for therapeutic intervention, by using a combination of forward genetic mutagenesis screens and technologies for transgenic and antisense ‘knockdown’ experiments. From its roots as a means to study genetic programmes controlling vertebrate development, the zebrafish is rapidly becoming a valuable animal disease model. The zebrafish complements mouse models because of its inherent forward genetic capacity, which allows the unbiased detection of mutations based on phenotype. This review article will briefly describe the history and features of the zebrafish as a model organism, with a particular focus on advances and applications related to haematopoiesis and haematopoietic diseases.
Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Rat Sciatic Nerve Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Neuropathic Pain

Cytokines may be pathophysiologically involved in hyperalgesia. Uncertainty exists about the types of cytokines and their site of action. To study the role of key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in a chronic constriction model of neuropathic pain, mRNA expression of TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 was quantified using competitive RT-PCR. Each cytokine mRNA in rat sciatic nerve was examined at days 3, 7, 14, and 45 after chronic constriction injury (CCI). We also undertook behavioral testing of these rats. Thermal warming and touch thresholds were significantly reduced at days 3, 7, and 14 in the CCI group, compared with the sham-operated group. Cytokine gene expression in sciatic nerve was significantly increased at day 7 for IL-1beta and IL-6 and at day 14 for TNF. Expression of IL-10 underwent a gradual and progressive increase, reaching statistical significance at day 45.
Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars.

OBJECTIVES To assess the demand for restorative treatment, dental anxiety and dental behaviour management problems among children with severe hypomineralization of their first molars (MIH). DESIGN Case control study. SAMPLE AND METHODS Data were compiled from the dental records of 32 9-year-old children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars and from 41 controls of the same age group concerning dental health, a number of restorative treatments, use of local anaesthesia and clinical behaviour management problems (BMP). A questionnaire containing specific questions on children's experiences of dental care and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), was answered by the parents. RESULTS The children in the study group had undergone dental treatment of their first molars nearly 10 times as often as the children in the control group. Repeated treatments of these teeth at brief intervals were common. The dental treatment was often undertaken without the use of local anaesthesia, and BMP, and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) were more common than in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars had had to undergo a considerable amount of dental treatment. It is reasonable to assume that experiences of pain and discomfort on repeated occasions were related to the occurrence of BMP in patients with MIH. An early treatment planning and prognostication based on increased knowledge of hypomineralized first molars is desirable. Local anaesthesia and other pain-reducing techniques, e.g. sedation, should be used when treating these teeth. Extraction should be considered in cases of extensive disintegration of the crown, in cases of frequently repeated treatments or when pulpal symptoms are hard to cure.
Green data center using centralized power-management of network and servers

Green data center is becoming more recognized as a likely key trend in the future of Information and Communications Technologies. It attracts growing interest among many scientists today due to many of its possessed benefits, such as increasing energy saving levels, cost reductions, as well as decreasing carbon emissions. In a data center, Server Virtualization and Live Migration technologies facilitate efficient load balancing and reduction in power consumption of servers. Although using these technologies has many benefits, they do not, however, take energy-efficiency of the network devices such as routers, switches into consideration. In this paper, we construct an energy-efficient data center by combining server consolidation and idle logic approach of the data center network. The idle logic approach allows reducing power consumption of network devices by rapidly turning off sub-components when no activities are performed, and by re-waking them up when the system receives new activities. The results show that our combination reduces the consumed energy of network devices as well as servers.
Comparing vocabulary learning of EFL learners by using two different strategies (mobile learning vs. flashcards)

Vocabulary learning is one of the most important aspects of language learning. There are a number of techniques and technologies which enhance vocabulary learning in the year 2012, e.g. wordlists, flashcards and m-learning. Mobile phones are among those devices which not only meet the expectations of their users for communication, but are also good devices for language learning. Mobile phones can be used anywhere and anytime, and students are free to use them inside or outside the classroom setting. The present study compared the use of two strategies for vocabulary learning (i.e. flashcards and m-learning) among 80 students studying English Literature and Translation at BA level in a non-profit, non-governmental university in the city of Tehran, the capital of Iran. The findings showed that the use of mobile phones for language learning and vocabulary learning would be a better strategy compared to the use of other paramount techniques, such as flashcards.
DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development

It is generally accepted that the differentiated state of a given type of cell is associated with the activity of a particular set of genes, together with the total inactivity of those sets associated with the differentiation of other cell types. It is also clear that the differentiated state of dividing or nondividing cells is often extremely stable. In this article we suggest mechanisms that may account for this stability and that also attempt to explain the ordered switching on or off of genes during development. The phenotype of the organism depends on the genotype, and the genetic contribution from both parents is in almost all cases equal. Since the ultimate control of development resides in the genetic material, the actual program must be written in base sequences in the DNA. It is also clear that cytoplasmic components can have a powerful or overriding influence on genomic activity in particular cells, yet these cytoplasmic components are, of course, usually derived from the activity of genes at some earlier stage in development. A continual interaction between cytoplasmic enzymes and DNA sequences is an essential part of the model to be presented. Modification Enzymes In bacteria, enzymes exist which modify DNA by methylating adenine in the 6-position ( 1 ). These enzymes are extremely specific in their action; they modify bases at particular positions in short defined sequences of DNA, which, at least in some instances, form a palindrome. (A palindrome in DNA is an inverted duplication, with twofold rotational symmetry. The 3′ →.
Premature coronary-artery atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

BACKGROUND Premature coronary artery disease is a major cause of illness and death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but little is known about the prevalence, extent, and causes of coronary-artery atherosclerosis. METHODS We used electron-beam computed tomography to screen for the presence of coronary-artery calcification in 65 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean [+/-SD] age, 40.3+/-11.6 years) and 69 control subjects (mean age, 42.7+/-12.6 years) with no history of coronary artery disease. When calcification was detected, the extent was measured by means of the Agatston score. The frequency of risk factors for coronary artery disease was compared in patients and controls, and the relation between the patients' clinical characteristics and the presence or absence of coronary-artery calcification was examined. RESULTS The two groups were similar with respect to age, race, and sex. Coronary-artery calcification was more frequent in patients with lupus (20 of 65 patients) than in control subjects (6 of 69 subjects) (P=0.002). The mean calcification score was 68.9+/-244.2 in the patients and 8.8+/-41.8 (P<0.001) in controls. Levels of total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not elevated in patients with lupus, but levels of triglycerides (P=0.02) and homocysteine (P<0.001) were. Among patients with lupus, measures of disease activity were similar in those with and those without coronary-artery calcification, but those with calcification were more likely to be older (P<0.001) and male (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the prevalence of coronary-artery atherosclerosis is elevated and the age at onset is reduced. Early detection of atherosclerosis may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Design and implementation of Cellular Automata based diffusion layer for SPN-type block cipher

In this paper, a new method to design a diffusion layer based on maximum distance separable codes for a Substitution permutation Networks (SPN)-type block cipher is proposed. The proposed diffusion layer has been designed employing the properties of maximum-length group Cellular Automata (CA). Diffusion layer of lengths 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit and 128-bit have been implemented using CA and combinational logic gates. Synthesis results of proposed diffusion layer on a FPGA platform are given.
Building learning communities by enhancing social presence: implementing blended instructional delivery methods

Lewis, Snow, Farris, et al. stated in the National Center for Education Statistics that "distance education appears to have become a common feature of many postsecondary education institutions and.it will become only more common in the future" [3]. In the wave of migration to new instructional delivery modes, it is necessary for us to critically examine some issues that have arisen, in order to reach an optimal solution for both the students and the instructors. One of the inevitable tradeoffs in an online learning environment is a decrease in the quality of social interaction. Social interaction is innate in traditional face-to-face classrooms. It is not only a critical element in helping the learners to develop a sense of belongingness within a learning community, but also determines the dynamics of the learning community, which greatly influence the students' learning outcomes. Among the essential components of a community, interaction between the members is deemed to be the one crucial factor that makes a community alive. Researchers agree that helping students develop a sense of community is an important aspect in promoting positive learning experiences and better learning outcomes in distance learning environments [7].
Artificial Neural Network-based fault diagnostics of an electric motor using vibration monitoring

In this study, a motor condition diagnostic was achieved through the implementation of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), successfully applying into a predictive maintenance system. Electrical motors were monitored to obtain data to train the ANN. Out of these monitoring, vibration signatures were used as the input layer, and the motor condition was used as the expert training information. The main objective was to apply neural networks to a condition based predictive maintenance in order to detect the type of system's failure. As a result, the expert system can be utilized to decrease the possible failures in operating system and increase the availability and effectiveness of a system.
Application of compressed sensing to multidimensional spectroscopic imaging in human prostate

The application of compressed sensing is demonstrated in a recently implemented four‐dimensional echo‐planar based J‐resolved spectroscopic imaging sequence combining two spatial and two spectral dimensions. The echo‐planar readout simultaneously acquires one spectral and one spatial dimension. Therefore, the compressed sensing undersampling is performed along the indirectly acquired spatial and spectral dimensions, and the reconstruction is performed using the split Bregman algorithm, an efficient TV‐minimization solver. The four‐dimensional echo‐planar‐based J‐resolved spectroscopic imaging data acquired in a prostate phantom containing metabolites at physiological concentrations are accurately reconstructed with as little as 20% of the original data. Experimental data acquired in six healthy prostates using the external body matrix “receive” coil on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner are reconstructed with acquisitions using only 25% of the Nyquist–Shannon required amount of data, indicating the potential for a 4‐fold acceleration factor in vivo, bringing the required scan time for multidimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging within clinical feasibility. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probable Alzheimer disease: diagnosis with proton MR spectroscopy.

PURPOSE To distinguish probable Alzheimer disease (AD) from other dementias (ODs) and normality in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blind trial of proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy was performed, principally in gray matter, in the occipital cortex of 114 patients with dementia (AD [n = 65], OD [n = 39], or frontal lobe dementia [FLD] [n = 10]), 98 patients without dementia, and 32 healthy control subjects. RESULTS Reduced levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (P < .0005) and increased levels of myo-inositol (MI) (P < .0005) characterize AD. Patients with OD had significantly reduced levels of NAA (P < .01) but normal levels of MI (P [vs AD] < .0005). When MI/NAA was used, AD was distinguished from normality with 83% sensitivity and 98% specificity. When MI/creatine was used, OD was distinguished from AD and FLD with a negative predictive rate of 80%, sensitivity of 82%, and specificity of 64%. CONCLUSION Hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy enables identification of mild to moderate AD with a specificity and sensitivity that suggest clinical utility.
A Diffusion-Based Distributed Collaborative Energy Detection Algorithm for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio

Spectrum sensing is one of the most important steps in cognitive radio. In this paper, a new fully-distributed collaborative energy detection algorithm based on diffusion cooperation scheme and consensus filtering theory is proposed, which doesn’t need the center node to fuse the detection results of all users. The secondary users only exchange information with their neighbors to obtain the detection data, and then make the corresponding decisions independently according to the pre-defined threshold. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm is more superior to the existing centralized collaborative energy detection algorithm in terms of the detecting performance and robustness in the insecurity situation.
Activation of human muscles at short muscle lengths during maximal static efforts.

1. Human muscle endurance is apparently enhanced during maximal voluntary contractions at short muscle lengths (McKenzie & Gandevia, 1987) but the ability of subjects to activate muscles fully at short lengths has not been established. Therefore this study examined the voluntary capacity to activate muscles fully at control (near resting) lengths and at decreased muscle lengths. Changes in mechanical properties of twitch responses to electrical stimulation of relaxed muscles at short muscle lengths were also documented. The abductor digiti minimi, elbow flexors and tibialis anterior were studied in five subjects. 2. For the three muscle groups, the mean reduction in twitch force between the control and short muscle lengths ranged from 46‐51%. AT the short length there was a 9‐13% reduction in the contraction time and a 21‐27% reduction in the half‐relaxation time. Maximal voluntary force declined by 21‐49% at the short muscle length. A reduction in muscle length produced a shift to the right of the force‐frequency curve as determined by brief trains of electrical stimuli. 3. During maximal efforts single or brief trains of two to four supramaximal stimuli, delivered to the parent nerve or motor point, failed to increase the force at a latency appropriate for onset of a muscle twitch in some but not all attempts. Each subject achieved ‘maximal activation’ of the muscle in a similar proportion of attempts at the control and short muscle lengths. 4. These results suggest that maximal voluntary activation of motoneurone pools is possible at short muscle lengths and that the central nervous system is able to maintain the discharge of motoneurones close to ‘fusion’ frequency despite a decrease in the temporal characteristics of the isometric twitch.
Support vector machines for transient stability analysis of large-scale power systems

The pattern recognition approach to transient stability analysis (TSA) has been presented as a promising tool for online application. This paper applies a recently introduced learning-based nonlinear classifier, the support vector machine (SVM), showing its suitability for TSA. It can be seen as a different approach to cope with the problem of high dimensionality. The high dimensionality of power systems has led to the development and implementation of feature selection techniques to make the application feasible in practice. SVMs' theoretical motivation is conceptually explained and they are tested with a 2684-bus Brazilian system. Aspects of model adequacy, training time, classification accuracy, and dimensionality reduction are discussed and compared to stability classifications provided by multilayer perceptrons.
A review of routing strategies for optical burst switched networks

The exact contribution of this paper is a review of existing state‐of‐the‐art routing strategies for optical burst switched networks developed by researchers to deal with burst contention before it happens. Routing schemes are implemented in space domain, which make them simple and cost effective. Additionally, the paper points out the importance of routing as an effective way to deal with burst contention compared to other solutions. It also underlines the main differences between contention avoidance schemes and contention resolution techniques for optical burst switched networks. We believe that this review will help different optical burst switched researchers involved in the development of route optimization algorithms to control burst contention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theories incomparable with respect to relative interpretability

The present paper concerns the relation of relative interpretability introduced in [8], and arises from a question posed by Tarski: are there two finitely axiomatizable subtheories of the arithmetic of natural numbers neither of which is relatively interpretable in the other? The question was answered affirmatively (without proof) in [3], and the answer was generalized in [4]: for any positive integer n, there exist n finitely axiomatizable subtheories of arithmetic such that no one of them is relatively interpretable in the union of the remainder. A further generalization was announced in [5] and is proved here: there is an infinite set of finitely axiomatizable subtheories of arithmetic such that no one of them is relatively interpretable in the union of the remainder. Several lemmas concerning the existence of self-referential and mutually referential formulas are given in Section 1, and will perhaps be of interest on their own account.
Adaptive Formation Control of Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

This paper presents an adaptive formation control for a multiple Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) using Lyapunov stability criterian. This controller considers the hydrodynamic parameter uncertainties of the AUVs. Simulations are performed considering three AUVs in a group and the results obtained demonstrate effective formation control of these AUVs while tracking a circular trajectory.
BECOMING AN INTERPRETER: THE ROLE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

In the mid-1990s, a few interpreter trainers began to realise that computer technology could be used to enhance classroom-based training and to support the students’ autonomous learning. CAIT stands for Computer Assisted Interpreter Training and over the years this basic idea has developed in different ways, ranging from electronic resources to be used off-line by individual users to online speech repositories, and more recently to virtual learning environments where multiple users can interact as if in class. The paper provides an overview of key developments in CAIT and outlines existing paradigms and approaches.