Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interferon-Induced Protein Ifit2 Protects Mice from Infection of the Peripheral Nervous System by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

ABSTRACT The interferon system provides the first line of host defense against virus infection. Mouse pathogenesis studies have revealed the importance of specific interferon-induced proteins in providing protection against specific viruses. We have previously reported that one such protein, Ifit2, protects neurons of the central nervous system from intranasal infection by the neurotropic rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Here, we demonstrate that Ifit2 protects the peripheral nervous system from VSV infection as well. In Ifit2 −/− mice, VSV, injected subcutaneously into the footpad, entered the proximal lymph node, where it replicated and infected the nodal nerve endings. The infection spread to the sciatic nerve, the spinal cord, and the brain, causing paralysis. In contrast, in the wild-type mice, although VSV replicated equally well in the lymph node, infection of the sciatic nerve and the rest of the nervous system was impaired, thus preventing paralysis. Ifit2 protected only the nervous system from VSV infection; other tissues were well protected even in Ifit2 −/− mice. These results indicate that Ifit2 is the interferon-induced protein that prevents VSV infection of neurons of both the peripheral and the central nervous systems, thus inhibiting the consequent neuropathy, but it is dispensable for protecting the cells of other tissues from VSV infection. IMPORTANCE Although viral infection is quite common, the immune system effectively protects us from viral diseases. A major part of this protection is mediated by interferon, the antiviral cytokine secreted by virus-infected cells. To empower the neighboring uninfected cells in combating the oncoming infection, interferon induces the synthesis of more than 200 new proteins, many of which have antiviral activities. The virus studied here, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), like its relative, rabies virus, can cause neuropathy in mice if it enters the peripheral nervous system through skin lesions; however, interferon can protect neurons from VSV infection. We have identified a specific interferon-induced protein, Ifit2, as the protein that protects neurons from VSV infection. Surprisingly, Ifit2 was not needed to protect other cell types from VSV. Our results indicate that the effector antiviral proteins of the interferon system have highly specialized functions.
Fault Localization for Client Side Scripting of Web Application

Fault localization techniques are of more interest in recent years. These techniques are based on statistical analysis of program constructs executed by passing and failing test case executions. Till now Fault Localization techniques are available to locate fault automatically in server side dynamic web application. Existing system concentrate on fault localization of web application written in PHP. It shows how the Tarantula, Ochiai, and Jaccard fault localization algorithms can localize faults effectively in web applications written in PHP. It does not localize client side scripting faults, which plays a very important role in modern web applications . Fault localization of client side scripting is currently a tedious and mainly manual task. It is dynamic in nature and asynchronous which make it more error prone and challenging to debug. Our proposed approach is implemented with the help of open source tool Autoflox ,it present automated technique to localize client side scripting faults based on dynamic analysis of the web
Clinical characteristics of a cohort of 244 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

CONTEXT Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) often suffer from long-term complications secondary to chronic glucocorticoid therapy and suboptimal treatment regimens. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to describe clinical characteristics of a large cohort of pediatric and adult CAH patients. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional study of 244 CAH patients [183 classic, 61 nonclassic (NC)] included in a Natural History Study at the National Institutes of Health. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Outcome variables of interest were height sd score, obesity, hypertensive blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, bone mineral density, hirsutism (females), and testicular adrenal rest (TART). RESULTS The majority had elevated or suppressed androgens, with varied treatment regimens. Mean adult height SD score was -1.0 ± 1.1 for classic vs. -0.4 ± 0.9 for NC patients (P = 0.015). Obesity was present in approximately one third of patients, across phenotypes. Elevated BP was more common in classic than NC patients (P ≤ 0.01); pediatric hypertensive BP was associated with suppressed plasma renin activity (P = 0.001). Insulin resistance was common in classic children (27%) and adults (38% classic, 20% NC); 18% of adults had metabolic syndrome. The majority (61%) had low vitamin D; 37% of adults had low bone mineral density. Hirsutism was common (32% classic; 59% NC women). TART was found in classic males (33% boys; 44% men). CONCLUSIONS Poor hormonal control and adverse outcomes are common in CAH, necessitating new treatments. Routine monitoring of classic children should include measuring BP and plasma renin activity. Osteoporosis prophylaxis and TART screening should begin during childhood. A longitudinal study is under way.
Sinne, Gegenstände und Sensibilia : zur Wahrnehmungslehre des Thomas von Aquin

Vorwort 1. Einleitung 2. Historische Einleitung 3. Systematische Grundbegriffe 4. Die Passivitat von Wahrnehmung 5. Immutatio spiritualis und das Empfangen einer Form ohne Materie 6. Der Inhalt von Wahrnemung 7. Die ausseren Sinne 8. Die inneren Sinne Primartexte Sekundarliteratur Index nominum Index rerum
Interorgan signaling between adipose tissue metabolism and skeletal muscle uncoupling protein homologs: is there a role for circulating free fatty acids?

Uncoupling proteins 3 and 2 (UCP3 and UCP2) are two newly cloned genes that have been implicated in the regulation of lipids as fuel substrate in skeletal muscle on the basis that their mRNA expressions are upregulated during starvation (when fat stores are being rapidly mobilized) and downregulated during the early phase of refeeding (when fat stores are being rapidly replenished). To test the hypothesis that circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) may have a physiological role as an interorgan signal linking these dynamic changes in the fat stores to skeletal muscle expression of UCP3 and UCP2, the mRNA levels of these UCP homologs were examined in fed and fasted rats treated with the antilipolytic agent nicotinic acid. In 46-h fasted rats, we observed a threefold increase in serum FFA levels and increases in UCP3 and UCP2 mRNA levels that were more marked in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles (predominantly fast-twitch fibers) than in the soleus muscle (predominantly slow-twitch fibers). Treatment with nicotinic acid blunted the fasting-induced increase in serum FFA levels and prevented the increase in mRNA levels of UCP3 and UCP2 in the soleus muscle, but had little or no effect on the elevated mRNA levels of these UCP homologs in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. Furthermore, treatment of ad libitum-fed animals with nicotinic acid resulted in a twofold reduction in serum FFA levels (i.e., by a magnitude similar to that observed during early refeeding) and significant reductions in UCP3 and UCP2 mRNA levels in the soleus muscle, but not in the gastrocnemius or tibialis anterior muscles. These results revealed a muscle-type dependency in the way UCP2 and UCP3 gene expression in skeletal muscle is regulated, and suggest that the hypothesis that circulating FFAs function as an interorgan signal between fat stores and skeletal muscle UCP3 and UCP2 gene expression is adequate only for slow-twitch (oxidative) muscles. Consequently, a signal(s) other than circulating FFAs must be implicated in the link between dynamic changes in body fat stores and UCP expression in predominantly fast-twitch (glycolytic/oxidative-glycolytic) muscles, which constitute the major fiber type of the total skeletal muscle mass and which have high susceptibility to developing insulin resistance and impairment in substrate utilization in metabolic diseases.
Perception of occupational balance by people with mental illness: A new methodology

ABSTRACT Aims The aims were to (i) investigate initial construct validity of a tool for assessment of time allocation in occupational balance, and (ii) describe perceived occupational balance and its relationship with socio-demographics, well-being, and personal recovery among people with mental illness. Methods Satisfaction with Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance (SDO-OB) was administered to 226 persons. SDO-OB reflects balance in five occupational domains: work, leisure, home chores, self-care, and overall occupational balance. Indicators for assessing construct validity were: satisfaction with everyday occupations, occupational value, symptom severity, and psychosocial functioning. For the second aim, the data collection included socio-demographics, life quality, self-esteem, self-mastery, and personal recovery. Results Occupational balance ratings indicated the participants were either under-occupied or in balance. Few were over-occupied. Feeling in balance was related to greater well-being and recovery compared with being under-occupied. Risk factors for under-occupation were younger age (in relation to work), and higher education (in relation to overall balance). Conclusions Associations with the indicators suggest initial construct validity. The SDO-OB is promising for assessment of occupational balance among people with mental illness. Being under-occupied was detrimental to well-being and recovery, and this indicates the importance of offering more occupational opportunities for people with mental illness.
Thermal Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Reactivity to Stress in Healthy Males

This paper examines the association of cardiovascular reactivity with thermal thresholds (detection and unpleasantness). Heart period (HP), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure of 42 health young males were recorded during a cardiovascular reactivity task (a videogame based upon Sidman's avoidance paradigm). Thermal sensitivity, assessing detection and unpleasantness thresholds with radiant heat in the forearm was also estimated for participants. Participants with differential scores in the cardiovascular variables from base line to task ≥ P65 were considered as reactors and those how have differential scores ≤ P35 were considered as non-reactors. Significant differences were observed between groups in the unpleasantness thresholds in blood pressure (BP) but not in HP. Reactors exhibited significant higher unpleasantness thresholds than non-reactors. No significant differences were obtained in detection thresholds between groups. Este estudio investiga la relación entre la reactividad cardiovascular y la sensibilidad térmica (umbrales de detección y molestia). 42 varones jóvenes y sanos participaron en un experimento en el que se registraron el periodo cardiaco, la presión arterial sistólica y la presión arterial diastólica durante la realización de una tarea evocadora de reactividad cardiovascular (videojuego basado en el paradigma de evitación de Sidman). La sensibilidad térmica fue medida en todos los participantes mediante la estimación de los umbrales de detección y molestia en la piel del antebrazo con el método de calor radiante. Los participantes que presentaron valores diferenciales en las variables cardiovasculares respecto a la línea base ≥ P65 fueron considerados como reactores, mientras que los que obtuvieron valores diferenciales ≤ P35 se consideraron como no-reactores. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los umbrales de molestia entre los grupos de reactores y no-reactores en presión arterial, aunque no se encontraron diferencias en la reactividad del periodo cardiaco. El grupo de reactores presenta umbrales más elevados en la molestia que el grupo de no-reactores. No se encontraron diferencias en los umbrales de detección entre los grupos.
Chapter 8 Quantum Effects in Photosynthesis

In photosynthesis, the energy of the Sun is absorbed by the light-harvesting antenna and transferred to the reaction center (RC) within several tens of picoseconds. In the RC the solar energy is converted into electrochemical energy by means of a trans-membrane charge separation. Photosynthetic purple bacteria employ a single reaction center. In contrast, in photosynthesis of plants, algae and cyanobacteria two reaction centers, Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI), operate in series. In this chapter we discuss photosynthetic charge separation and photosynthetic light-harvesting with an emphasis on the role of quantum effects.
Comparative Study of Diagnostic Accuracy of Modified Alvarado Score and Ultrasonography in Acute Appendicitis

Objective: Comparative study of Diagnostic accuracy of Modified Alvarado Score and Ultrasonography in Acute Appendicitis.Research design and methods: A total of 55 patients of age group between 7-65yrs,both male and females,with clinical features suggestive of acute appendicitis were selected non-randomly for the study.Data was collected as Alvarado score,ultrasonograpic findings and histopathological reports.Statistical analysis was performed and results of both Alvarado score and Ultrasonography were compared.Results: Of 55 patients taken,maximum percentage of patients were in age group 10-20yrs with males dominated the series.The sensitivity and specificity of Modified alvarado score was 82.05% and 81.25% with PPV 91.42% and NPV 65% and diagnostic accuracy of 81.82% respectively.Ultrasonography study revealed 84.61% sensitivity and specificity of 56%,PPV and NPV were 80.48% and 57.14% and diagnostic accuracy was 70.91% respectively.Conclusions: From present study,it is concluded that Modified Alvarado score is better diagnostic tool than ultrasonography alone in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest surgical emergency. A case of appendicitis can progress to perforation and other life threatening complications, which is associated with much higher morbidity and mortality and the surgeons are left with no option than to operate, when diagnosed clinically rather than to wait until it is confirm. Despite the
Metabolism of One-Carbon Compounds by the Ruminal Acetogen Syntrophococcus sucromutans

Syntrophococcus sucromutans is the predominant species capable of O demethylation of methoxylated lignin monoaromatic derivatives in the rumen. The enzymatic characterization of this acetogen indicated that it uses the acetyl coenzyme A (Wood) pathway. Cell extracts possess all the enzymes of the tetrahydrofolate pathway, as well as carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, at levels similar to those of other acetogens using this pathway. However, formate dehydrogenase could not be detected in cell extracts, whether formate or a methoxyaromatic was used as electron acceptor for growth of the cells on cellobiose. Labeled bicarbonate, formate, [1-14C] pyruvate, and chemically synthesized O-[methyl-14C]vanillate were used to further investigate the catabolism of one-carbon (C1) compounds by using washed-cell preparations. The results were consistent with little or no contribution of formate dehydrogenase and pointed out some unique features. Conversion of formate to CO2 was detected, but labeled formate predominantly labeled the methyl group of acetate. Labeled CO2 readily exchanged with the carboxyl group of pyruvate but not with formate, and both labeled CO2 and pyruvate predominantly labeled the carboxyl group of acetate. No CO2 was formed from O demethylation of vanillate, and the acetate produced was position labeled in the methyl group. The fermentation pattern and specific activities of products indicated a complete synthesis of acetate from pyruvate and the methoxyl group of vanillate.
Sources and consequences of oxidative damage from mitochondria and neurotransmitter signaling

Cancer and neurodegeneration represent the extreme responses of growing and terminally differentiated cells to cellular and genomic damage. The damage recognition mechanisms of nucleotide excision repair, epitomized by xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), and Cockayne syndrome (CS), lie at these extremes. Patients with mutations in the DDB2 and XPC damage recognition steps of global genome repair exhibit almost exclusively actinic skin cancer. Patients with mutations in the RNA pol II cofactors CSA and CSB, that regulate transcription coupled repair, exhibit developmental and neurological symptoms, but not cancer. The absence of skin cancer despite increased photosensitivity in CS implies that the DNA repair deficiency is not associated with increased ultraviolet (UV)‐induced mutagenesis, unlike DNA repair deficiency in XP that leads to high levels of UV‐induced mutagenesis. One attempt to explain the pathology of CS is to attribute genomic damage to endogenously generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that inhibition of complex I of the mitochondria generates increased ROS, above an already elevated level in CSB cells, but without nuclear DNA damage. CSB, but not CSA, quenches ROS liberated from complex I by rotenone. Extracellular signaling by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid in neurons, however, generates ROS enzymatically through oxidase that does lead to oxidative damage to nuclear DNA. The pathology of CS may therefore be caused by impaired oxidative phosphorylation or nuclear damage from neurotransmitters, but without damage‐specific mutagenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:322–330, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimax Density Estimation for Growing Dimension

This paper presents minimax rates for density estimation when the data dimension $d$ is allowed to grow with the number of observations $n$ rather than remaining fixed as in previous analyses. We prove a non-asymptotic lower bound which gives the worst-case rate over standard classes of smooth densities, and we show that kernel density estimators achieve this rate. We also give oracle choices for the bandwidth and derive the fastest rate $d$ can grow with $n$ to maintain estimation consistency.
Dual Roles for NFAT Transcription Factor Genes as Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors

ABSTRACT Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first described as an activation and differentiation transcription factor in lymphocytes. Several in vitro studies suggest that NFAT family members are redundant proteins. However, analysis of mice deficient for NFAT proteins suggested different roles for the NFAT family of transcription factors in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. NFAT may also regulate several cell cycle and survival factors influencing tumor growth and survival. Here, we demonstrate that two constitutively active forms of NFAT proteins (CA-NFAT1 and CA-NFAT2 short isoform) induce distinct phenotypes in NIH 3T3 cells. Whereas CA-NFAT1 expression induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, CA-NFAT2 short isoform leads to increased proliferation capacity and induction of cell transformation. Furthermore, NFAT1-deficient mice showed an increased propensity for chemical carcinogen-induced tumor formation, and CA-NFAT1 expression subverted the transformation of NIH 3T3 cells induced by the H-rasV12 oncogene. The differential roles for NFAT1 are at least partially due to the protein C-terminal domain. These results suggest that the NFAT1 gene acts as a tumor suppressor gene and the NFAT2 short isoform acts gene as an oncogene, supporting different roles for the two transcription factors in tumor development.
Dendritic and axonal morphology of HRP‐injected neurons in the inferior colliculus of the cat

The dendritic and axonal morphology of neurons in the inferior colliculus of the cat was investigated after intracellular injection of HRP, in vivo. All injected axons gave off local collaterals, and most showed a widespread distribution and lacked a specific orientation. In contrast, the dendrites of injected neurons were distinguished by their degree of orientation and the direction of the longest axis of orientation. Dendrites showed a high, moderate, or low degree of orientation. Most highly oriented cells had their longest axis in the rostrocaudal direction with fewer in the mediolateral direction. In the central nucleus, only the rostrocaudally oriented cells correspond to the disc‐shaped cells identified in Golgi preparations. Unlike most cells in our sample, the two cells that were disc‐shaped had axons that were parallel to the orientation of the dendritic tree. In the dorsal cortex, rostrocaudally oriented cells also were found, but they had unoriented axons. In both the central nucleus and dorsal cortex, cells with a mediolateral axis of orientation or no specific orientation correspond to stellate cells and had axons with widespread local collaterals.
Capacitive Load Effects on a Magnetostrictive Fully Coupled Energy Harvesting Device

Vibration energy harvesting is a promising method to feed ultra-low power devices as wireless sensors, mems, etc. The accuracy of the design of the harvesting device, and then the harvested power, strongly depends on the modeling quality of the magnetostrictive relationships and on the device modeling in general. A further important issue is the optimization of the converted power with respect to the frequency of the vibration source, which is critical for low frequencies. The use of a capacitor in the electric circuit allows more harvested power at low frequencies and open the possibility of power optimizing stages. This analysis could be reliably carried out only in connection to a sufficiently realistic modeling of the employed material. Aim of the paper is therefore to study, by the definition of a simple nonlinear model, the effects of the capacitive load and of the mechanical source on the power conversion performances of the device. Several numerical examples are presented and discussed.
Live electrooptic imaging for visual observations and phase velocity evaluation of internal backward waves in two-dimensional DNG metamaterial

This paper reports on the first successful demonstration of experimental visualization and phase velocity evaluation for internal electromagnetic waves propagating backward in a two-dimensional double-negative metamaterial structure. The backward waves were visualized by the live electrooptic imaging technique in a real-time manner and their phase velocity was evaluated through analyses of their video images. This experimental method might initiate a novel tool based on electrooptic imagery for intuitive analyses and diagnoses of two-dimensional metamaterials.
Stx 2-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Protect Mice against Lethal Infection with Escherichia coli Expressing Stx 2 Variants

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are responsible for causing hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), and systemic administration of Shiga toxin (Stx)-specific human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) is considered a promising approach for prevention or treatment of the disease in children. The goal of the present study was to investigate the ability of Stx2-specific HuMAbs to protect against infections with STEC strains that produce Stx2 variants. Dose-response studies on five HuMAbs, using the mouse toxicity model, revealed that only the three directed against the A subunit were protective against Stx2 variants, and 5C12 was the most effective among the three tested. Two HuMAbs directed against the B subunit, while highly effective against Stx2, were ineffective against Stx2 variants. In a streptomycin-treated mouse model, parenteral administration of 5C12 significantly protected mice up to 48 h after oral bacterial challenge. We conclude that 5C12, reactive against the Stx2 A subunit, is an excellent candidate for immunotherapy against HUS and that antibodies directed against the A subunit of Stx2 have broad-spectrum activity that includes Stx2 variants, compared with those directed against the B subunit.