Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case‐Control Study of Diet and Risk of Renal Adenocarcinoma

We examined dietary and other risk factors for renal adenocarcinoma in a case-control study of 203 incident and 207 prevalent cases and 605 neighborhood controls. Using unconditional logistic regression to control selection biases identified in an adjunct study. we tound exposure odds ratios (OR) similar to those from other studies: 1.9 (with a 95% confidence interval (c1) from 0.8 to 4.4) for smoking 2 packs of cigarettes per day; 3.8 (95% CI: 0.78–18) for 3 or more packs per day; 1.7 (95% CI: 0.9–3.2) for women and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1–2.8) for men in the highest quintile of relative weight (kg); 2.0 (95% C1: 1.3–3.1) for northeastern European ancestry; and 2.3(95% CI: 1.34.1) for history of kidney stones. Incident cases consumed more meats and fewer vegetables than controls: the age-sex-education-adlusted OR for average intake of 85 g (302) of beef per day was 3.4 (95% CI: 1.67.2). Inverse associations were seen for most vegetables. Dietary animal protein, animal fat, and saturated fat, with and without energy adlustment, were weakly associated with disease in unconditional and conditional logistic regressions. Priorhypotheses concerning intake of cholesterol, beta-carotene, preformed vitamin A, and cruciferous vegetables were n o t corrobo
Integrated literate programming for structured light camera calibration

Literate programming is a concept initially conceived by Professor Donald Knuth who had applied it in practice while developing his TEX formatting system. In my integrated approach I advocate the concept of literate programming in a single book, i.e. all levels of a created application (including the descriptions of new algorithms) are joined together with all source codes in one PDF document, which is created from a tree of Latex documents. The code granularity can be of any detail. Even a single line of code is possible, surrounded by necessary comments, if needed. Codes can be composed sequentially and hierarchically. The presented paper will discuss advantages of the proposed programming methodology for developing software prototypes of applications within digital media one the example of calibration algorithms for a structured light camera system.
Detection of intracranial aneurysms with unenhanced and echo contrast enhanced transcranial power Doppler

OBJECTIVE To assess transcranial power Doppler and the effect of an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent for detecting intracranial aneurysms in patients admitted with a subarachnoid haemorrhage METHODS 203 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage were examined with the operator blind to the results of the admission CT and subsequent digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). In 98 cases patients were imaged using unenhanced transcranial power Doppler, and in 105 cases, patients were imaged both using unenhanced and echo contrast enhanced (Levovist, Schering AG) transcranial power Doppler. RESULTS DSA detected 168 intracranial aneurysms in 128 patients (24 patients had multiple lesions) and 75 patients had an aneurysm negative DSA. There was agreement between DSA and transcranial power Doppler in 87 intracranial aneurysms of which 20 were only detected after infusion of contrast agent. Without contrast infusion, transcranial power Doppler showed a sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 91%. A significant increase in detection was noted when using a contrast agent (χ2=9.49, p<0.001). With a contrast study the sensitivity increased to 55% with a specificity of 83%. Intracranial aneurysm detection by transcranial power Doppler was significantly dependent on position using a contrast infusion (χ2=15.87, p<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the size of intracranial aneurysms measured by transcranial power Doppler and DSA (r=0.55, p<0.05). The transcranial power Doppler sensitivity and specificity increased with larger aneurysms and reached 100% for intracranial aneurysms greater than 12 mm diameter. Detection by transcranial power Doppler was also dependent on morphology (χ2=14.46, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The detection of intracranial aneurysm by transcranial power Doppler is dependent on aneurysm location, size, and morphology and is enhanced with the use of an intravenous contrast agent.
Estimation of equivalent thermal parameters of electrical windings

The equivalent bulk thermal properties of electrical winding samples are measured experimentally. An analytical relation and a finite element thermal model of the conductor and insulation amalgam are compared with the test results. The thermal parameters are verified by the construction and dc test of three air-cored inductors with differing material configurations. The finite element implementation allows the effects of conductor placement, dimensions, and insulation system to be studied and facilitates an initial estimate of the thermal properties of a winding employed in an electrical machine design.
Effects of acute exercise on insulin and non-insulin-dependent glucose uptake in normal and moderately obese women.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of exercise on the regulation of insulin sensitivity. METHODS Eleven premenopausal women, with body fat mass from the normal range to moderate obesity, were examined with glucose clamp at 10 mmol/L glucose concentration to determine insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent (after somatostatin inhibition of endogenous insulin production) glucose uptake (= IDGU and NIDGU respectively) before and 24 hrs after a glycogen-decreasing exercise. RESULTS IDGU, but not NIDGU, increased after exercise. The degree of increase of IDGU after exercise showed negative correlations with body mass index (borderline, significance), the waist to hip circumference ratio, fasting free testosterone and free fatty acid concentrations, as well as diastolic blood pressure (borderline significance), and a positive relationship to sex hormone binding globulin concentration and IDGU before exercise. CONCLUSION It is concluded that only IDGU contributes to the augmentation of insulin sensitivity after a glycogen-decreasing exercise in women. Additionally, the increase of IDGU is less in abdominal obesity, and negatively dependent on free fatty acid concentrations, hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinaemia, all putative pathogenetic factors for insulin resistance.
Mice with a Selective Impairment of IFN-γ Signaling in Macrophage Lineage Cells Demonstrate the Critical Role of IFN-γ–Activated Macrophages for the Control of Protozoan Parasitic Infections In Vivo

IFN-γ has long been recognized as a cytokine with potent and varied effects in the immune response. Although its effects on specific cell types have been well studied in vitro, its in vivo effects are less clearly understood because of its diverse actions on many different cell types. Although control of multiple protozoan parasites is thought to depend critically on the direct action of IFN-γ on macrophages, this premise has never been directly proven in vivo. To more directly examine the effects of IFN-γ on cells of the macrophage lineage in vivo, we generated mice called the “macrophages insensitive to IFN-γ” (MIIG) mice, which express a dominant negative mutant IFN-γ receptor in CD68+ cells: monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Macrophage lineage cells and mast cells from these mice are unable to respond to IFN-γ, whereas other cells are able to produce and respond to this cytokine normally. When challenged in vitro, macrophages from MIIG mice were unable produce NO or kill Trypanosoma cruzi or Leishmania major after priming with IFN-γ. Furthermore, MIIG mice demonstrated impaired parasite control and heightened mortality after T. cruzi, L. major, and Toxoplasma gondii infection, despite an appropriate IFN-γ response. In contrast, MIIG mice displayed normal control of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, despite persistent insensitivity of macrophages to IFN-γ. Thus, the MIIG mouse formally demonstrates for the first time in vivo, the specific importance of direct, IFN-γ mediated activation of macrophages for controlling infection with multiple protozoan parasites.
Complications of cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy: analysis of 62 cases.

OBJECT Decompressive craniectomy is a potentially life-saving procedure used in the treatment of medically refractory intracranial hypertension, most commonly in the setting of trauma or cerebral infarction. Once performed, surviving patients are obligated to undergo a second procedure for cranial reconstruction. The complications following cranial reconstruction are not well described in the literature and may very well be underreported. A review of the complications would suggest measures to improve the care of these patients. METHODS A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all patients who had undergone cranioplasty during a 7-year period. Demographic data, indications for craniectomy, as well as preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters following cranioplasty, were recorded. Perioperative and postoperative complications were also recorded. Patients were classified as having no complications, any complications, and complications requiring reoperation. The groups were compared to identify risk factors predictive of poor outcomes. RESULTS The authors identified 62 patients who had undergone cranioplasty. The immediate postoperative complication rate was 34%. Of these, 46 patients did not require reoperation and 16 did. Of those requiring reoperation, 7 were due to infection, 2 from wound breakdown, 2 from intracranial hemorrhage, 3 from bone resorption, and 1 from a sunken cranioplasty, and 1 patient's cranioplasty procedure was prematurely ended due to intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia. The only factor statistically associated with need for reoperation was the presence of a bifrontal cranial defect (bifrontal: 8 [67%] of 12, requiring reoperation; unilateral: 8 [16%] of 49 requiring reoperation; p < 0.01) CONCLUSIONS Cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy is associated with a high complication rate. Patients undergoing a bifrontal craniectomy are at significantly increased risk for postcranioplasty complications, including the need for reoperation.
Delivering inhaled corticosteroids to patients

Inhaled steroids play an extremely important part in the treatment of asthma. They are now regarded as the first line prophylactic drug for adults1 and are used by many as a first line prophylactic agent for children. Important side effects are rarely seen in users of low dose inhaled steroids, but there is concern over the potential effects of high dose inhaled steroids. The Committee on Safety of Medicines has recently concluded that clinically important systemic adverse effects can occur at licensed doses of inhaled corticosteroids,2 the risks being increased after prolonged high dose therapy. Effects mentioned included adrenal suppression, osteoporosis or changes in bone mineral density, growth retardation in children, cataracts, and glaucoma. A major problem in trying to identify possible side effects—and, indeed, in assessing clinical trials of inhaled steroids—is determining the amount of drug patients have actually inhaled. Compliance and inhaler technique vary considerably, but even when these are optimal the dose of drug inhaled may vary by up to fourfold without the …
Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium, edition VII

We present edition VII of the linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium. We list a total of 750 genes; 680 of these are located on the linkage map, and the remaining 70 are not yet mapped, although mutant alleles are known. The first edition of the map (411) contained 133 genes. Later editions were published in 1967 (408), 1970 (409), 1972 (410), 1978 (412), and 1983 (418). All genes presently known to us are indicated in Table 1, with formerly used gene symbols in Table 2, but references presented in earlier editions of the map are not normally shown. Therefore, to find all relevant references to a gene, it may be necessary to check earlier editions of the map; where references were given in earlier editions, this edition is shown in Table 1. In a recent summary of the cellular and molecular biology of Escherichia coli and S. typhimurium (346), edition VI of the linkage map of S. typhirmurium is presented (413), which contains most of the relevant references published up to and including edition VI.
Alcohol consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness in five population-based studies

Background Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Alcohol consumption contributes substantially to the burden of disease, but its association with cardiorespiratory fitness is not well described. We examined associations between average alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design The design of this study was as a cross-sectional population-based random sample. Methods We analysed data from five independent population-based studies (Study of Health in Pomerania (2008–2012); German Health Interview and Examination Survey (2008–2011); US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000; NHANES 2001–2002; NHANES 2003–2004) including 7358 men and women aged 20–85 years, free of lung disease or asthma. Cardiorespiratory fitness, quantified by peak oxygen uptake, was assessed using exercise testing. Information regarding average alcohol consumption (ethanol in grams per day (g/d)) and heavy episodic drinking (5+ or 6+ drinks/occasion) was obtained from self-reports. Fractional polynomial regression models were used to determine the best-fitting dose-response relationship. Results Average alcohol consumption displayed an inverted U-type relation with peak oxygen uptake (p-value<0.0001), after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking and physical activity. Compared to individuals consuming 10 g/d (moderate consumption), current abstainers and individuals consuming 50 and 60 g/d had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake values (ml/kg/min) (β coefficients = −1.90, β = −0.06, β = −0.31, respectively). Heavy episodic drinking was not associated with peak oxygen uptake. Conclusions Across multiple adult population-based samples, moderate drinkers displayed better fitness than current abstainers and individuals with higher average alcohol consumption.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Sharjah Mothers of Preschool Children, United Arab Emirates

Objective: The improvement of children's oral health, a world global health target, is essential to general health and quality of life. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers toward their children's oral health in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted among 383 mothers of preschool children (average age 3.49 [+1.63 years]) attending Sharjah Dental Center, UAE. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software for Windows, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Adequate knowledge was found among 58.2% of mothers, 99% exhibited excellent attitude, and only 20% followed good practices toward their children's oral health. Poor knowledge and practice of mothers were significantly associated with mothers' occupation and education. Employed mothers had a significantly higher score of knowledge. Mothers with secondary education and university qualifications had significantly higher scores of practice compared with mothers with primary education. Conclusions: Although mothers had better than average knowledge and excellent attitude toward their children's oral health issues; most of them carried out improper practices. Mothers' educational and employment backgrounds were significant influencing factors.
The relationship between residents' characteristics, their stress experiences, and their psychosocial adjustment at one medical school

Empirical research focused on the stressful aspects of residency training has largely ignored the interactions between residents' psychosocial and demographic characteristics, stressful experiences, emotional responsivity, and coping styles. This article presents the results of a questionnaire, completed by 165 residents, that consisted of the Profile of Mood States, the Hassles Scale, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and a series of questions regarding demographic data, social support system features, and residency stress factors. The residents reported that time demands and indebtedness were the major sources of stress in their residency programs. Social support variables were significantly related to the degrees to which the residents successfully coped with daily stress factors. While the women residents reported higher stress levels than did the men, they did not report higher levels of emotional distress. Finally, the lengths of time residents had spent in training were significantly related to the levels of their mood disturbances and daily hassles.
Caldesmon is an elongated, flexible molecule localized in the actomyosin domains of smooth muscle.

A rapid purification procedure has been developed for the isolation of caldesmon from hog stomach smooth muscle utilizing a KI extract of washed myofibrils as source material. On SDS‐PAGE this mammalian caldesmon showed a closely‐spaced doublet around 155 kd. By low‐angle rotary shadowing caldesmon was shown to be an elongated, highly flexible molecule which tends to form end‐to‐end dimers that are structurally very similar to filamin. When added to F‐actin solutions caldesmon increased the high‐shear viscosity considerably, but by an extent that depended on sample preparation. The effect was shown to be due to caldesmon and not to a trace contaminant by its full reversibility after addition of a monospecific caldesmon antibody. Recent investigations have shown that in smooth muscle two structurally distinct domains can be distinguished: an actomyosin domain and an actin‐intermediate filament domain. Immunocytochemistry of ultrathin sections of smooth muscle at the light and electron microscope level revealed that caldesmon is present in the actomyosin domain. Caldesmon is thus a potential regulator of the actomyosin system in smooth muscle.
RIP1, a member of an Arabidopsis protein family, interacts with the protein RARE1 and broadly affects RNA editing

Transcripts of plant organelle genes are modified by cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U) RNA editing, often changing the encoded amino acid predicted from the DNA sequence. Members of the PLS subclass of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif-containing family are site-specific recognition factors for either chloroplast or mitochondrial C targets of editing. However, other than PPR proteins and the cis-elements on the organelle transcripts, no other components of the editing machinery in either organelle have previously been identified. The Arabidopsis chloroplast PPR protein Required for AccD RNA Editing 1 (RARE1) specifies editing of a C in the accD transcript. RARE1 was detected in a complex of >200 kDa. We immunoprecipitated epitope-tagged RARE1, and tandem MS/MS analysis identified a protein of unknown function lacking PPR motifs; we named it RNA-editing factor interacting protein 1 (RIP1). Yeast two-hybrid analysis confirmed RIP1 interaction with RARE1, and RIP1-GFP fusions were found in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Editing assays for all 34 known Arabidopsis chloroplast targets in a rip1 mutant revealed altered efficiency of 14 editing events. In mitochondria, 266 editing events were found to have reduced efficiency, with major loss of editing at 108 C targets. Virus-induced gene silencing of RIP1 confirmed the altered editing efficiency. Transient introduction of a WT RIP1 allele into rip1 improved the defective RNA editing. The presence of RIP1 in a protein complex along with chloroplast editing factor RARE1 indicates that RIP1 is an important component of the RNA editing apparatus that acts on many chloroplast and mitochondrial C targets.
Multifocal and multicentric breast cancer: does each focus matter?

PURPOSE The identification of multiple tumors in the breast is associated with increased nodal involvement when compared with similar staged unifocal disease. This study compares two methods of tumor size assessment to predict tumor behavior in the relationship between size and axillary node involvement for patients with multifocal and multicentric breast cancer. METHODS The histologic reports of every patient with multifocal breast cancer treated in New South Wales between April 1995 and September 1995 were examined. Tumors were assessed using two size estimates: (1) largest tumor focus diameter and (2) the aggregate diameters of all tumor foci. The dimensions were compared with unifocal tumors and against node positivity. RESULTS Ninety-four (11.1%) of 848 women had multifocal breast cancer and of these 49 women (52.1%) had axillary node involvement compared with 37.5% with unifocal breast cancer (P =.007). The use of aggregate dimension reclassified significant numbers of multifocal tumors at a more advanced stage. Use of this method to stage cancers, rather than the largest tumor size, removed the excess node positivity when compared with unifocal, stage-matched breast carcinomas. CONCLUSION The tendency of breast tumors to metastasize is a reflection of the total tumor load. Failure to measure the additional tumor burden provided by multiple small foci may understage a woman's disease. This may deny patients the opportunity of adjuvant therapies if the contribution of the smaller foci to the incidence of node positivity and survival is ignored.
Primary Operative Versus Nonoperative Therapy for Pediatric Empyema: A Meta-analysis

Objective. The optimal treatment of children with empyema remains controversial. The purpose of this review was to compare reported results of nonoperative and primary operative therapy for the treatment of pediatric empyema. Methods. A systematic comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted with the PubMed (National Library of Medicine) database for the period from 1981 to 2004. This reproducible search identified all publications dealing with treatment of empyema in the pediatric population (<18 years of age). A meta-analysis was performed with studies with adequate data summaries for ≥1 of the outcomes of interest for both treatment groups. Results. Sixty-seven studies were reviewed. Data were aggregated from reports of children initially treated nonoperatively (3418 cases from 54 studies) and of children treated with a primary operative approach (363 cases from 25 studies). The populations were similar in age. Patients who underwent primary operative therapy had a lower aggregate in-hospital mortality rate (0% vs 3.3%), reintervention rate (2.5% vs 23.5%), length of stay (10.8 vs 20.0 days), duration of tube thoracostomy (4.4 vs 10.6 days), and duration of antibiotic therapy (12.8 vs 21.3 days), compared with patients who underwent nonoperative therapy. In 8 studies for which meta-analysis was possible, patients who received primary operative therapy were found to have a pooled relative risk of failure of 0.09, compared with those who did not. Meta-analysis could not be performed for any of the other outcome measures investigated in this review. Similar complication rates were observed for the 2 groups (5% vs 5.6%). Conclusions. These aggregate results suggest that primary operative therapy is associated with a lower in-hospital mortality rate, reintervention rate, length of stay, time with tube thoracostomy, and time of antibiotic therapy, compared with nonoperative treatment. The meta-analysis demonstrates a significantly reduced relative risk of failure among patients treated operatively.