Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
mir-497 inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting FASN in human osteosarcoma cells

Objective: This study is to investigate the expression of miR-497 and its roles in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. Methods: The osteosarcoma and adjacent tissues were obtained from 30 cases of osteosaroma. The expression of miR-497 and fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA were detected with real-time quantitative PCR. Expression of FASN was transfected with miR-497 mimics or miR-497 inhibitor, FASN mRNA and protein expression were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The regulatory effects of miR-497 on migration and invasion of U2OS osteosarcoma cells were evaluated using Transwell migration assay and Matrigel invasion assay respectively. Result: There were decreased expression of miR-497 and increased mRNA and protein expression of FASN in osteosarcoma tissues compared with that in adjacent tissues. Compared with normal control group, the cell numbers of migration and invasion, as well as FASN protein expression were significantly decreased in miR-497 mimic group; on the contrary, the cell numbers of migration and invasion and FASN protein expression were significantly increased in miR-497 inhibitor group. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings demonstrated that miR-497, functions as a tumor suppressor gene, inhibits cell migration and invasion by regulating FASN in human osteosarcoma cells. miR-497 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target and novel prognostic marker in osteosarcoma.
Chlorophyll Organization and Function in Green Photosynthetic Bacteria *

The green photosynthetic bacteria are characterized by the presence of chlorosomes appressed to the cytoplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. The chlorosomes are filled with bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)$ c, d or e molecules in a highly aggregated state. The truly “green” bacteria contain mainly BChl c or d ; while the others look orange or brown because of a high content of carotenoid. From a phylogenetic point of view the green bacteria are really two separate “phyla” based on 16s rRNA (1-3), reaction center (RC) type and physiology. It is truly remarkable that such different types of bacteria (green filamentous bacteria and green sulfur bacteria) contain such similar light-harvesting entities as chlorosomes. Green filamentous bacteria (Chloroflexaceae) contain a quinone-type RC similar to those found in purple bacteria (Proteobacteria), whereas the green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) contain an iron-sulfur-type RC similar to those found in heliobacteria and in photosystem I of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. The filamentous bacteria live either as facultative photoautotrophs that grow in relatively bright light or as respiring chemoheterotrophs. They are found predominantly in hot springs, often in mixed population with cyanobacteria that provide organic carbon compounds for them. Most of our knowledge about the filamentous bacteria at the molecular level comes from one species, Chlorojlexus aurantiacus. A second species, Chlorojlexus aggregans, has recently been isolated and characterized by Hanada et al.
SIGNIFICANCE OF MONOSOMY 7 IN MYELOID LEUKEMIAS IN CHILDREN

Loss of chromosome 7 material, either as complete loss of one chromosome-monosomy 7 (-7)- or as deletion of the long arm (7q-), is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), seen in approximately 30% of the cases. Only 4-5% of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases show -7/7q-. Monosomy 7 in children has often been considered to represent a distinct hematologic disorder described as the monosomy 7 syndrome. Loss of chromosome 7 occurs in a heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders and recent data give no support to the concept of monosomy 7 as a distinct syndrome. Only patients with a diagnosis of JMML fit what previously has been referred to as the monosomy 7 syndrome. There are no major clinical differences between JMML with and without -7. Unlike what has been found in adults, monosomy 7 is not a poor prognostic factor in childhood MDS. However, -7 in AML is associated with a very poor prognosis. AML with 7q-, in contrast, has an outcome similar to AML with normal karyotype. Stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice and should be performed as early as possible.
Whither Guanxi in China? A Review of Theory and Practice

The term guanxi has been long used to describe many different aspects of the link between personal relationships and business in China (Nolan, Rowley, and Warner 2016). On the one hand, guanxi is widely recognized as a culturally distinct form of social networking with its roots in Confucianism (Warner 2014). On the other, its influence in business and public life more generally is partly a product of historical, political, and economic factors that encouraged a preference for particularist ties (Guthrie 2012). A number of debates have developed from this basic tension between cultural and institutional explanations. One standpoint is that the shift towards open-market competition will decrease the importance of guanxi in business, especially in privately-owned enterprises. Another is that the turmoil associated with economic transition may create greater uncertainty and could enhance the need for businesses to rely on guanxi connections. A third position is that guanxi will endure in a modified form and that a hybrid form of organization and capitalist economy will emerge combining both Chinese cultural preferences and key features of modern corporations.
L’huile de palme : aspects nutritionnels et métaboliques. Rôle sur le risque cardiovasculaire

Palm oil is a solid vegetable oil, rich in saturated fatty acids (50 %), mainly in palmitic acid. However its contains also 50 % of unsaturated fatty acids, and is rich in tocotrienols and carotenoids partly altered by refining and heating. Its effects on fasting and post-prandial plasma lipids and on other parameters linked to the cardiovascular risk are reviewed in this work. These effects are more favourable than Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils on LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, less favourable on LDL cholesterol than polyunsaturated oils, similar to monounsaturated oils. Epidemiological studies are rare and of poor quality. These data are discussed with highlights on the actual point of view on the role of saturated fatty acids in cardiovascular risk. An increasing and excessive intake of palm oil in our diet, through manufactured products, could be deleterious. However the real consumption of palm oil is not well known. Finally its technological and physico-chemical properties give it a true interest for some uses. So it is necessary to consider each use with the subsidiary principle in order to avoid the going back of trans fatty acids.
Genetic relationships of sesame germplasm collection as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeats

Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism was used to determine genetic relationships among 75 Sesamum indicum L. accessions of Korean and exotic sesame. Fourteen reliable ISSR primers were selected for the assessment of genetic diversity, yielding 79 amplification products. Of these polymerase chain reaction products, 33% revealed polymorphism among the 75 accessions. Genetic distances ranged from 0 to 0.255, with a mean genetic distance of 0.0687. The 75 accessions were divided into seven groups on the basis of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The largest group consisted of 25 Korean cultivars, eight Korean breeding lines and 17 world-wide accessions. The other groups included 25 accessions, several of which contained useful traits. The dendrogram did not indicate any clear division among sesame accessions based on their geographical origin. However, all Korean sesame cultivars except ‘Namsankkae’ were clustered in the same group, indicating a narrow gene pool. Some of the Korean breeding lines were spread along the dendrogram, showing enlargement of genetic diversity. The genetic diversity data uncovered in this study can be used in future breeding programmes.
Cell wall‐bound trans‐ and cis‐ferulic acids in growing maize roots

The levels of cell wall-bound trans- and cis-ferulic acids in roots of dark grown Zea mays cv. LG11 plants were measured. They were quantified after alkaline hydrolysis of purified cell walls by reversed phase HPLC using trans-cinnamic acid as internal standard. The total amount of ferulic acid (trans- and cis-ferulic acid) in the root base was 3–4 times higher than in the root tip. Cis-ferulic acid represented between 2% (tip) and 18% (base) of the total ferulic acid content. The total content of trans- and cis-ferulic acids was approximately the same in the stele and the cortex, but the level of cis-ferulic acid in the stele was 5–6 times higher than in the cortex. Trans- and cis-ferulic acid levels as well as the percentage of cis-ferulic acid in the elongation zone were steady between 48 and 96 h after the beginning of germination. Slowly growing roots contained more wall-bound ferulic acids, particularly cis-ferulic acid, than fast growing roots. This relationship was found in the differentiation zone but not in the elongation zone. The importance of cell wall-bound trans- and cis-ferulic acids is discussed in the context of root growth and differentiation.
Inhibition of sexual morph production in the bird cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi

In temperate regions, sexual aphids usually occur in autumn. They are promoted by short day lengths and low temperatures, and mate to produce overwintering eggs. The eggs enter diapause and hatch in spring, giving rise to the first (the wingless fundatrices) of a number of generations of parthenogenetic females. Although, environmental conditions in spring are similar to those in autumn, sexual forms do not appear until much later in the year. There are two reasons for this. Firstly there is a period when sexual morph production is inhibited, by a mechanism termed an 'interval timer' (Lees, 1960). Secondly, once this has expired, long days and warm temperatures of summer promote the continuation of parthenogenetic reproduction (Marcovitch, 1924). The aphids then respond to the decreasing day lengths of autumn and sexuals are produced at the relevant time to complete the life cycle. The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphumpadi L. , is a host-alternating species, spending the spring and summer on Gramineae (e.g. barley) and moving to the winter host, bird cherry (Prunus padus L.) in autumn. Such a life cycle requires two winged female forms, the spring forms, which move from the winter to the summer host plants and give birth to wingless asexual females, and the autumn winged females (gynoparae), which move from the summer to the winter host and give birth to the sexual females (oviparae). Winged males also fly to the winter host and mate with the sexual females. The winged spring forms are induced by crowded conditions and nutritional factors while the gynoparae and males appear in response to short days (Dixon & Glen, 1971). Previous studies have indicated the presence of an interval timer; gynoparae, and thus the sexual females, and males are not induced by short days and low temperatures in the first four generations after egg hatch, but the duration of the interval timer was not reported (Dixon & Glen, 1971). The present paper describes the existence and variable duration of the interval timer in clones of R. padi collected from the field and in clones reared from laboratory crosses.
The larval development of polychaeta from the northern California Coast. III eighteen species of errantia

Abstract The larvae of 18 species of northern California errant polychaetous annelids were obtained and described. Larvae came from laboratory fertilizations, egg masses and plankton. Aspects of reproduction and larval development are presented and pertinent literature discussed. Some accounts such as those for Paleanotus bellis, Anaitides williamsi, Ophiodromus pugettensis, Platynereis bicanaliculata and Glycinde armigera are reasonably complete. Others, however, are only partial accounts of certain stages in the larval development. Most species treated have planktotrophic development, but Pholoe minuta, Ophiodromus pugettensis, Gyptis ? brunnea, Platynereis bicanaliculata and Dorvillea rudolphi are lecithotrophic. Feeding does not begin until just before or shortly after metamorphosis. Taxonomic problems which might be resolved by further larval studies are discussed for Pholoe minuta and Dorvillea rudolphi. This study contains the initial larval descriptions for the genera Paleanotus, Ophiodromus, Gypti.
Flavonoid as chemotaxonomic markers in endemic/endangered species of Rauvolfia from Southern Western Ghats of India: A preliminary study

Preliminary analysis of flavonoid chromatographic migration profiles of endemic/endangered species of Rauvolfia L from Southern Western Ghats of India were carried out. Paper chromatogram showed maximum separation in the solvent system of forestral. In the paper chromatogram, number of flavonoid spots varied from 9 to 12 in the five taxa studied. The main aglycones detected in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were flavones apigenin and luteolin, flavonol kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin and anthocyanidins such as delphinidin and cyanidin. Flavonol Quercetin was detected in all the five species of Rauvolfia giving a chemotaxonomic significance to its presence at the generic level. The two species Rauvolfia serpentina and Rauvolfia tetraphylla could be regarded as the most primitive in the evolutionary line with respect to the flavonoid pattern. Rauvolfia densiflora has the most advanced pattern of flavonoids. The dendrogram generated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis of chemo metric data showed a clear grouping of five species in three clusters. Flavonoid profiles were efficiently used for the identification of Rauvolfia beddomei, which due to morphological similarity, was erroneously suspected to be the medicinally significant species Rauvolfia micrantha. Flavonoid profiling using paper chromatography, in the solvent system of forestral could suggest an easy and quick procedure for identifying adulteration by substitution in Rauvolfia species.
Toxicity of violacein‐producing bacteria fed to bacterivorous freshwater plankton

Chemical defenses have been hypothesized to be widespread among aquatic bacteria, but few studies have assessed the susceptibility of pelagic consumers to bacterial secondary metabolites. In this study, we determined the effect of bacteria containing the indole alkaloid violacein on a range of freshwater plankton organisms that ingest bacteria. Growth and survival of two nanoflagellates (Bodo saltans, Ochromonas sp.), two ciliates (Colpidium campylum, Tetrahymena pyriformis), two rotifers (Keratella cochlearis, Brachionus calcyfloris), and adults and juveniles of the cladoceran Daphnia magna were examined in laboratory experiments in which these organisms were fed bacterial diets supplemented with violacein‐producing bacteria such as Janthinobacterium lividum and Chromobacterium violaceum. Unselective uptake of violacein‐producing bacteria resulted in significantly lower survivorships, indicating acute toxicity to all zooplankton taxa tested. The presence of 10% C. violaceum in an otherwise nontoxic bacterial diet, equivalent to 9 ng violacein mL−1, reduced growth rates and peak abundances of flagellates, ciliates, and rotifers by 18–100%. For D. magna, wild‐type C. violaceum was poisonous starting at concentrations <1 x 106 cells mL−1, whereas a violacein‐deficient mutant did not have any lethal effect on the animals. Species‐specific variability in predator susceptibility was explained by the negative correlation between toxin sensitivity and biomass‐specific clearance rates. The susceptibility of a broad spectrum of planktonic bacterial consumers to violacein‐producing bacteria illustrates the potential effect of bacterial bioactives on the structure of aquatic food webs, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning.
Habitat Shift After Experimental Removal of the Bigger Species in Sympatric Ctenomys Talarum and Ctenomys Australis (Rodentia: Octodontidae)

A removal trapping experiment was conducted in the field to investigate if microhabitat choice and population characteristics of Ctenomys talarum are affected by the bigger, dominant Ctenomys australis, in a zone where these subterranean rodent species are geographically sympatric. As reported previously by other authors, the species were distributed in a habitat segregation pattern which characterized the initial state, prior to C. australis removal. I detected a significant habitat shift-that is, changes in microhabitat choice by C. talarum individuals- in response to C. australis removal. However, it is remarkable that this only occurred after one year of continuous removal of C. australis, and was restricted to a very small expansion by C. talarum into the fringe of the area previously occupied by the dominant species. In addition, a slight increase of the C. talarum population density took place which was possibly due to the absence of the other species. It is suggested that the microhabitat typical of C. australis (with deeper, more friable soil and less vegetation) could be suboptimal and thus unpreferred for C. talarum. If the pre-experimental C. talarum population was satiated to its carrying capacity, it is possible that the small number of C. talarum individuals-mostly subadults-had invaded areas previously occupied by C. australis because they had no other choice than a suboptimal habitat. No substantial changes were detected in other population characteristics (sex ratio, age structure, distance between individuals) which were very similar to that in a control area. Interspecific interactions and displacement by the bigger C. australis could be significant but nonetheless marginal in sustaining the pattern of microhabitat segregation between the species. Difference in habitat preference, linked with species differences in body size and colour, are probably of much greater importance.
Pheromones and Animal Behaviour

Pheromones are evolved signal molecules produced, for example, by all queen ants in a species or all female rabbits. Aquatic animals like fish and lobsters also use pheromones. Pheromones offer remarkable opportunities to study the evolution of signals and changes in signal and receiver during speciation, from enzyme pathways to receptors and neurons, at every level from genes to populations. But do humans have pheromones? [The seminar was adapted for each department]. Pheromones are used by a wide variety of animals. (From the poster advertizing my talk at Kobe University. Original by T Ozaki.) Wyatt – S15175 page 3 Responding to themes recurring in my discussions with scientists at the University of Tokyo, I gave a second seminar there on “Pheromones & signatures: individuals’ odour identities & the pheromone concept in social insects & mammals”. This introduced a discussion of operational definitions of pheromones (and the question of whether mammals really have them which the Touhara lab have demonstrated they do) and the idea of signature mixtures (individual odours learnt by other animals).
Fruit composition and ripening of Pinot Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) in relation to leaf area.

Fruit development from pea size to maturity was investigated in grape berries on fruit-bearing cuttings subjected to a range of leaf removal treatments. Pot-grown vines were trained as a single shoot, with four basal leaves retained. From this point four treatments were applied: 100% leaves retained (control); 66% leaves retained; 33% leaves retained; 0% leaves retained. Leaves were removed as they appeared. The fruit of all treatments passed through veraison, accumulated water, coloured and displayed the typical double sigmoid change in volume, but the onset of growth and colour development associated with ripening was delayed by up to 25 days when leaves were removed. Berry dry weight, sugar content and soluble solids were more affected by leaf removal than berry volume or fresh weight. Bunches from the 0% leaf retained treatment formed seed, but increased very little in dry weight or soluble solids during the course of sampling. This indicates that seed growth and development are independent of sugar accumulation in pericarp tissues.
Extraction of favism-inducing agents from whole seeds of faba bean (Vicia faba L var major)

The objective of the present study was to establish a suitable procedure by which favism-inducing glycosides vicine and convicine could be completely removed from whole seeds of faba beans without distorting their shape or reducing their nutritive value. Detoxification procedures carried out were extraction by water or, 10 g l−1 acid solutions (acetic, citric and phosphoric acid) using stepwise or continuous soaking procedures. Three cultivars of the beans were used in the study. In the stepwise soaking procedures, the seeds were soaked in either water or acid solution at 40 °C for different periods while in the continuous flow techniques, the solutions were constantly passed through a seed reservoir under different time–temperature–flow rate conditions. Extraction of vicine and convicine increased with increasing temperature and period of soaking and/or continuous flow of soaking solutions. Neither stepwise soaking nor autoclaving could effectively remove the favism factors from the whole seeds. The best results were obtained with continuous flow soaking in tap water, giving vicine- and convicine-free seeds. The protein contents of treated seeds were only slightly affected and their physical structure remained intact. Thus, it was concluded that the latter procedure was the method of choice for detoxification of dry whole seeds. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Apparent Genetic Homogeneity of Spawning Striped Bass in the Upper Chesapeake Bay

Abstract The possible existence of genetically distinct populations of spawning striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the river systems of the upper Chesapeake Bay was investigated by a biochemical genetic approach. Samples of blood and liver from adult fish were obtained during the 1976 spawning runs from the Rappahannock (Virginia), Potomac, Choptank, Sassafras, Bohemia, and Elk rivers (Maryland), and Maryland waters of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Samples were analyzed for frequency of occurrence of a polymorphic liver enzyme, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and variable serum proteins which were not correlated with age or sex. Multivariate and Bayesian analyses of these data indicate apparent genetic homogeneity of spawning bass within the upper Chesapeake Bay. If natal stream homing occurs, a sufficient number of wanderers may provide significant gene flow among river systems. The results suggest that long-term management of the fishery need not be totally on the basis of separate river units.