Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nursing Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infection Among Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital

Surgical site infection is postoperative wound infection that occurs after surgery. The complications in the acute care facilities with up to 60% of surgical site infection cases estimated to be preventable by using evidence-based practice. Not with standing the advances in the coronary artery bypass graft, the rising prevalence of surgical site infection has become a primary concern in the infection control practices. The current study amid to evaluate the risk factors associated with the surgical site infections among coronary artery bypass graft patients and, to assess nurses compliance to bundle care to prevent surgical site infection. The study followed a quantitative, retrospective design and was carried out in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah city. All sample (n= 120) coronary artery by-pass graft patient's record complied between January 2011 to December 2013. The study revealed statistically significant results between the preference of surgical site infection and demographic factor e.g. body mass index, patient risk factors such as diabetes type1 and 2, selected pre-operative factors e.g. Methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aurous, postoperative factors e.g. rewiring, dressing, ventilation and low cardiac output. This study established that the compliance with the bundle was proven to be effective in reducing risk factors to surgical site infection however nurses adherence to surgical site infection bundle care were incomplete and required more enforcement to comply. Based on the finding, the investigator recommended that nurses should be aware of the importance of adhering to surgical site infection bundles. Nurses should not only be educated on the importance of the bundles, but on how effectives apply the bundles at different stages.
High-Speed (400 Gb/s) Eight-Channel EADFB Laser Array Module Using Flip-Chip Interconnection Technique

We fabricated a 400-G flip-chip interconnection eight-channel EADFB laser array module. The flip-chip interconnection technique provides a higher modulation bandwidth and lower electrical crosstalk than the wire interconnection technique. The 3-dB bandwidth of the flip-chip interconnection subassembly was about 50 GHz. And the electrical crosstalk of the flip-chip interconnection module was suppressed to less than -20 dB below 35 GHz. We obtained clear eye openings for all eight lanes under eight-channel 50-Gb/s simultaneous operation after a 10-km SMF transmission.
A multilevel modelling approach to analysis of patient costs under managed care.

The growth of the managed care model of health care delivery in the USA has led to broadened interest in the performance of health care providers. This paper uses multilevel modelling to analyse the effects of managed care penetration on patient level costs for a sample of 24 medical centres operated by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The appropriateness of a two level approach to this problem over ordinary least squares (OLS) is demonstrated. Results indicate a modicum of difference in institutions' performance after controlling for patient effects. Facilities more heavily penetrated by the managed care model may be more effective at controlling costs of their sicker patients.
Knowledge and the Logic of Local Propositions

An agent's limited view of the state of a distributed system may render globally different situations indistinguishable. A proposition is local for this agent whenever his view suffices to decide this proposition. Motivated by a framework for the development of distributed programs from knowledge-based specifications, we introduce a modal logic of local propositions, in which it is possible to quantify over such propositions. We show that this logic is able to represent a rich set of epistemic notions. Under the usual strong semantics, this logic is not recursively axiomatizable, however. We show that by weakening the semantics of quantification, it is possible to obtain a logic that is axiomatizable and is still able to express interesting epistemic notions.
Evolution of grasping among anthropoids

The prevailing hypothesis about grasping in primates stipulates an evolution from power towards precision grips in hominids. The evolution of grasping is far more complex, as shown by analysis of new morphometric and behavioural data. The latter concern the modes of food grasping in 11 species (one platyrrhine, nine catarrhines and humans). We show that precision grip and thumb‐lateral behaviours are linked to carpus and thumb length, whereas power grasping is linked to second and third digit length. No phylogenetic signal was found in the behavioural characters when using squared‐change parsimony and phylogenetic eigenvector regression, but such a signal was found in morphometric characters. Our findings shed new light on previously proposed models of the evolution of grasping. Inference models suggest that Australopithecus, Oreopithecus and Proconsul used a precision grip.
Endovascular Procedures (Angioplasty and/or Stenting) for Intracranial Arterial Disease (Atherosclerosis and Aneurysms)

It is estimated that intracranial atherosclerosis causes about 8% of all ischemic strokes. Intracranial stenosis may contribute to stroke in two ways: either due to embolism or low flow ischemia in the absence of collateral circulation. Recurrent annual stroke rates are estimated at 4–12% per year with atherosclerosis of the intracranial anterior circulation and 2.5–15% per year with lesions of the posterior (vertebrobasilar) circulation. Medical treatment typically includes either anticoagulant therapy (i.e., warfarin) or antiplatelet therapy (e.g., aspirin). The “Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial was a randomized trial that compared the incidence of stroke brain hemorrhage or death among patients randomized to receive either aspirin or warfarin. The trial found that over a mean 1.8 years of follow-up, warfarin provided no benefit over aspirin and was associated with a significantly higher rate of complications. In addition, if symptoms could be attributed to low flow ischemia, agents to increase mean arterial blood pressure and avoidance of orthostatic hypotension may be recommended. However, medical therapy has been considered less than optimal. For example, in patients with persistent symptoms despite antithrombotic therapy, the subsequent rate of stroke or death has been extremely high, estimated in one study at 45%, with recurrent events occurring within 1 month of the initial recurrence. Surgical approaches have met with limited success. The widely quoted extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) bypass study randomized 1,377 patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis of the internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries to medical care or EC/IC bypass. The outcomes in the two groups were similar, suggesting that the EC/IC bypass is ineffective in preventing cerebral ischemia. Due to inaccessibility, surgical options for the posterior circulation are even more limited.
Family compensated for death after illegible prescription

A survey of the mental health of children in England, Scotland, and Wales has shown that 10% of 5-15 year olds have some type of mental disorder. The survey was conducted by the Office for National Statistics in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry and the Maudsley Hospital Researchers interviewed 10500 parents and 4500 children. A postal questionnaire was also sent to the teachers of all children who had …
Orofacial Characteristics in Relation to the Need of Orthodontic Treatments in Children

La maloclusion representa un problema de salud publica en Chile. Politicas del Gobierno han creado programas preventivos e interceptivos para estas condiciones. Sin embargo, no existen criterios uniformes para la seleccion de los pacientes que necesitan tratamiento temprano, la decision es tomada por un especialista durante el tratamiento ortodoncico. Aqui, proponemos el indice de Intervencion Temprana (IIT) para la deteccion temprana de maloclusiones. Tratamos maloclusiones con un simple tratamiento de intercepcion para minimizar o eliminar la necesidad de un tratamiento de ortodoncia en una poblacion infantil. Ademas, el IIT puede ser utilizado en odontologia general como un metodo de tamizaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la confiabilidad y validez de un indice utilizado para evaluar la necesidad de un tratamiento de ortodoncia, en comparacion con la opinion de un panel de expertos formado por tres ortodoncistas. Se utilizo un conjunto de 55 modelos de estudio que representan todos los tipos de maloclusion. La precision del diagnostico o la validez de cada indice se ha calculado utilizando las opiniones de tres calificadores de ortodoncia como un "gold standard", estas medidas obtuvieron un acuerdo de 0,82. Las curvas de las caracteristicas operativas del receptor fueron trazadas para el indice. La precision diagnostica fue determinada por el area bajo la curva, el punto de corte fue de 20, la sensibilidad fue del 0,977 y la especificidad fue del 0,167. Este indice oclusal proporciono informacion valiosa para la seleccion de los ninos que necesitan un tratamiento de ortodoncia temprano y simple.
Mammalian ceramide synthases

In mammals, ceramide, a key intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism and an important signaling molecule, is synthesized by a family of six ceramide synthases (CerS), each of which synthesizes ceramides with distinct acyl chain lengths. There are a number of common biochemical features between the CerS, such as their catalytic mechanism, and their structure and intracellular localization. Different CerS also display remarkable differences in their biological properties, with each of them playing distinct roles in processes as diverse as cancer and tumor suppression, in the response to chemotherapeutic drugs, in apoptosis, and in neurodegenerative diseases. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(5): 347–356, 2010
The role of intestinal microbiota in energy metabolism and metabolic discorders.

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders are a worldwide epidemic. In humans, obesity causes changes in gut microbial composition. Analysis of the consequences of these changes for host energy metabolism, particularly in the context of obesity, requires good experimental models. The use of gnotobiotic animal models has indicated new mediators and molecular targets that suggest a metabolic dialogue between the gut bacteria and the host. The discovery of the impact of a high-fat diet on metabolic disorders linked to gut microbiota has revealed bacterial components (lipopolysaccharides and Toll-like receptors) as potential targets in the management of obesity and related disorders. In animal models, it has been possible to effect specific changes to the gut microbiota through food components with prebiotic properties, thereby decreasing obesity and its associated metabolic alterations, including inflammation. The relevance of this approach in the management of obesity in humans is supported by a number of intervention studies. A metagenomic and integrative metabolomic approach could help in the discovery of which bacteria, among the trillions in the human gut, are specifically involved in the control of host energy metabolism. This knowledge could be relevant for future therapeutic developments in the prevention of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Gastric Microbiome and Gastric Cancer

AbstractCancer of the stomach is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. The single strongest risk factor for gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori–associated chronic gastric inflammation. Among persons with H. pylori infection, strain-specific components, host immune responses, and environmental factors influence the risk for gastric disease, including adenocarcinoma of the stomach, although only a small proportion of infected persons develop the malignancy. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have uncovered a complex community of noncultivatable inhabitants of the human stomach. The interaction between these inhabitants, collectively referred to as the gastric microbiota, and H. pylori likely affects gastric immunobiology and possibly the sequelae of H. pylori infection. Thus, characterization of the gastric microbiota in subjects with and without H. pylori infection could provide new insight into gastric homeostasis and the pathogenesis of H. pylori–associated disease, including gastric cancer.
Illness Behavior in Guineaworm Disease

Guineaworm, a waterborne helminthic disease, affects a large portion of the population in Idere, Nigeria. Although preventive health education interventions are experiencing success, it is slow due to the low economic status of the community. In the meantime people suffer and seek treatment. The decision-making process during illness with guineaworm does not fit neatly into individual psychosocial theoretical models. Concepts of the disease and potential remedies are strongly influenced by the local culture. In the process of studying these cultural influences, suggestions for new models have arisen. These suggest a mediating role for health education between traditional and Western scientific viewpoints in promoting efficacious illness behavior in endemic tropical diseases.
Analytical model of a printed transition for SIW antennas

A printed transition is proposed to overcome problems limiting the performances of end-fire SIW antennas when built in thin substrates (thickness <; λ0/10). An analytical model to analyze its behavior is given along with design guidelines. The development of a possible transmission line model is also presented. This transition is associated with a H-plane sectoral SIW horn antenna to both show the validity of the proposed model and the significant improvements it can bring in terms of matching, bandwidth and radiation.
Anti‐HLA alloantibodies in pediatric solid organ transplantation

Abstract: An increasing number of studies demonstrate the clinical impact of preformed and de novo anti‐human leucocyte antigen alloantibody (HLA‐Ab) in solid organ transplantation (Tx). The screening of HLA‐Ab in candidates and transplant recipients has evolved over time, with continuous improvement in the sensitivity and specificity of assays for HLA‐Ab detection. Furthermore, histologic markers of complement activation pathways are currently implemented in the diagnosis of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). Therapeutic strategies, including depletion of HLA‐Ab and B cells, have allowed Tx across antibody barriers, or have rescued patients with AMR. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the state‐of‐the‐art of HLA‐Ab detection, clinical significance and therapeutic strategies in pediatric solid organ Tx.
Estimation and control of power electronic device temperature during operation with variable conducting current

Frequent variations in device power loss cause corresponding changes in operating temperature, which may adversely affect device reliability. A method for reducing the device temperature variations is introduced. A simplified third-order thermal model of the device is evaluated in real-time to estimate the instantaneous device temperature. The estimated temperature is used in a temperature control loop to reduce temperature variations by adjusting the device switching frequency. In this way, changes in device conduction loss are counteracted by varying the switching losses, so that the overall losses are substantially constant. The principle is applied to a MOSFET switching a dc load current at random intervals.
Rapid adaptation to time-compressed speech in young and older adults

Abstract Background: The ability of human listeners to comprehend rapid speech improves quickly with experience, a process known as adaptation. Whether inefficient adaptation to rapid speech partially accounts for the marked difficulties of older listeners with rapid speech is not clear. Methods: Two conditions of adaptation to time-compressed speech were used. A baseline condition intended to test the hypothesis that adaptation is different in older and younger listeners, and an interference condition in which sentences compressed to two different rates were interleaved. Identification accuracy was compared between two time points (before and after adaptation) and between older and younger listeners. Results: The effects of adaptation did not differ between younger and older listeners in either adaptation condition. Conclusions: It seems that once initial performance differences are taken into account, rapid adaptation to time-compressed speech is as effective and as immune to interference by competing speech rates in younger and older adults.
Recurrent lymphocytic meningitis: the role of herpesviruses.

BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and HSV-1 have been recognized as causes of recurrent aseptic lymphocytic meningitis (RALM). However, the role of other herpesviruses has not been systematically assessed. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cause of RALM by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests detecting varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), or human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), in addition to HSV, on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples; and to assess the utility of PCR and antibody analyses in consecutive episodes of RALM. DESIGN The PCR and antibody results for herpesviruses were analyzed from 14 patients having 48 episodes of RALM. RESULTS The CSF PCR results for VZV, CMV, and HHV-6 were negative in 12, 10, and 11 patients investigated, respectively, and antibodies against VZV, CMV, and HHV-6 showed only old immunity. Herpes simplex virus 2 was detected from the CSF in 10 patients, and HSV-1 in 1 patient. In 6 of these 11 patients, the HSV PCR result was positive in more than one disease episode. A significant increase of serum antibodies for HSV was seen in only 1 of 15 episodes examined. An intrathecal antibody response to HSV was not recognized in 9 episodes investigated in these 11 patients. CONCLUSIONS We could not find evidence of VZV, CMV, or HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of RALM, although most patients were previously infected by those viruses. Herpes simplex virus 2 was detected from the CSF in most patients, and often repeatedly, which further confirms the role of this virus in RALM. The causative diagnosis was obtained only by PCR, whereas antibody analysis was not clinically useful.
Brain accumulation of sunitinib is restricted by P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) and can be enhanced by oral elacridar and sunitinib coadministration

Sunitinib is an orally active, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has been used for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and imatinib‐resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We aimed to investigate the in vivo roles of the ATP‐binding cassette drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 in plasma pharmacokinetics and brain accumulation of oral sunitinib, and the feasibility of improving sunitinib kinetics using oral coadministration of the dual ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar. We used in vitro transport assays and Abcb1a/1b−/−, Abcg2−/− and Abcb1a/1b/Abcg2−/− mice to study the roles of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in sunitinib disposition. In vitro, sunitinib was a good substrate of murine (mu)ABCG2 and a moderate substrate of human (hu)ABCB1 and huABCG2. In vivo, the systemic exposure of sunitinib after oral dosing (10 mg kg−1) was unchanged when muABCB1 and/or muABCG2 were absent. Brain accumulation of sunitinib was markedly (23‐fold) increased in Abcb1a/b/Abcg2−/− mice, but only slightly (2.3‐fold) in Abcb1a/b−/− mice, and not in Abcg2−/− mice. Importantly, a clinically realistic coadministration of oral elacridar and oral sunitinib to wild‐type mice resulted in markedly increased sunitinib brain accumulation, equaling levels in Abcb1a/1b/Abcg2−/− mice. This indicates complete inhibition of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) transporters. High‐dose intravenous sunitinib could saturate BBB muABCG2, but not muABCB1A, illustrating a dose‐dependent relative impact of the BBB transporters. Brain accumulation of sunitinib is effectively restricted by both muABCB1 and muABCG2 activity. Complete inhibition of both transporters, leading to markedly increased brain accumulation of sunitinib, is feasible and safe with a clinically realistic oral elacridar/sunitinib coadministration.
Mesenchymal progenitor self-renewal deficiency leads to age-dependent osteoporosis in Sca-1/Ly-6A null mice

The cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie age-dependent osteoporosis, the most common disease in the Western Hemisphere, are poorly understood in part due to the lack of appropriate animal models in which to study disease progression. Here, we present a model that shows many similarities to the human disease. Sca-1, well known for its expression on hematopoietic stem cells, is present on a subset of bone marrow stromal cells, which potentially include mesenchymal stem cells. Longitudinal studies showed that Sca-1−/− mice undergo normal bone development but with age exhibit dramatically decreased bone mass resulting in brittle bones. In vivo and in vitro analyses demonstrated that Sca-1 is required directly for the self-renewal of mesenchymal progenitors and indirectly for the regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Thus, defective mesenchymal stem or progenitor cell self-renewal may represent a previously uncharacterized mechanism of age-dependent osteoporosis in humans.
National microbiological surveillance of the susceptibility of gonococcal isolates to antimicrobial agents.

HE INCIDENCE OF GONORRHEA HAS BEEN DECLINING IN Canada and other industrialized countries: in 1981. 56.330 cases of gonorrhea were reported in Canada compared with 13,822 cases in 1990 (l). The reasons for this decline are unknown: however. educa­ tional programs for U1e primary prevention of acquired immune deficiency syndrome as well as effective therapy may have played a role. Persons aged 15 to 29 years accounted for more than 75% of a ll reported cases of gonon·hea with twice as many female cases in the ·under 20' age group. Females with gonorrhea are at increased risk for serious compli cations. such as pelvic inflammatory disease (P! D) which. in turn. may lead to sequelae such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Un ­ treated or ineffectively treated gonococcal infections are a significant cause of PID . Despite U1e decrease in the number of cases of gonorrhea. the prevalence of isolates resistant to anti ­ microbial agents used for treatment has steadily in ­ creased in Canada. This resistance is caused by eiU1 er chromosomal mutations or plasmids conferring anti­ biotic resistance. A number of chromosomal loci which produce phenotypes wiU1 reduced susceptibili ty to antimicrobia l agents have been described (2). Some chromosomal mutations are characterized by s imul­ taneous resistance to other unrelated antimicrobia l agents and some act in concert to produce step-wise. additive increases in resistance. Decreased antimicro­ bial susceptibility in gonococci caused by chromosomal
Recognition of Emotion from Inverted Schematic Drawings of Faces

The present study investigated whether facial expressions of emotion are recognized holistically, i.e., all at once as an entire unit, as faces are or featurally as other nonface stimuli. Evidence for holistic processing of faces comes from a reliable decrement in recognition performance when faces are presented inverted rather than upright. If emotion is recognized holistically, then recognition of facial expressions of emotion should be impaired by inversion. To test this, participants were shown schematic drawings of faces showing one of six emotions (surprise, sadness, anger, happiness, disgust, and fear) in either an upright or inverted orientation and were asked to indicate the emotion depicted. Participants were more accurate in the upright than in the inverted orientation, providing evidence in support of holistic recognition of facial emotion. Because recognition of facial expressions of emotion is important in social relationships, this research may have implications for treatment of some social disorders.