Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le placement en peintures : une étude empirique sur 350 ans (1635-1987)

© Société de statistique de Paris, 1989, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Journal de la société statistique de Paris » (http://publications-sfds.math.cnrs.fr/index.php/J-SFdS) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
Characterizing meiotic chromosomes' structure and pairing using a designer sequence optimized for Hi‐C

In chromosome conformation capture experiments (Hi‐C), the accuracy with which contacts are detected varies due to the uneven distribution of restriction sites along genomes. In addition, repeated sequences or homologous regions remain indistinguishable because of the ambiguities they introduce during the alignment of the sequencing reads. We addressed both limitations by designing and engineering 144 kb of a yeast chromosome with regularly spaced restriction sites (Syn‐HiC design). In the Syn‐HiC region, Hi‐C signal‐to‐noise ratio is enhanced and can be used to measure the shape of an unbiased distribution of contact frequencies, allowing to propose a robust definition of a Hi‐C experiment resolution. The redesigned region is also distinguishable from its native homologous counterpart in an otherwise isogenic diploid strain. As a proof of principle, we tracked homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase in synchronized and pachytene‐arrested cells and captured important features of their spatial reorganization, such as chromatin restructuration into arrays of Rec8‐delimited loops, centromere declustering, individualization, and pairing. Overall, we illustrate the promises held by redesigning genomic regions to explore complex biological questions.
Gain-Bandwidth Limitations on Equalizers and Matching Networks

If an equalizer amplitude-response curve is specified, it will be shown that the minimum flat loss obtainable with physical networks is determined. This flat loss, or scale factor on the response curve, is a function of the equalizer output-terminating impedance, which is arbitrary but prescribed, and the specified tolerance on input mismatch. If the output impedance is purely reactive, the limitations on maximum voltage transfer are obtained from a consideration of the open circuit impedance parameters of the system. If power or voltage transfer to a load with finite real part is to be optimized, the scattering parameters of the system are used to determine the limits of performance. Examples will be given comparing the performance of matched and lossless equalizers. In many practical cases the latter do not have substantially higher gain than the matched equalizer.
Skin effect in large stranded conductors at low frequencies

The resistance of metallic conductors is higher for alternating currents than for direct currents, due to the so-called “skin-effect”. With alternating currents, the distribution is not uniform throughout the cross-section, there being a tendency for the current to concentrate towards the outside of the conductor, thus causing an increase of resistance and consequent increase of power loss.
Mathematical Analysis of Inductor Alternators

A mathematical analysis has been put forward to analyze a 3-phase inductor alternator. Although one particular type of inductor alternator within the frequency range of 400-800 cps (cycles per second) has been analyzed in this paper,1 with suitable modifications, this analysis can be extended to other type of inductor alternators. This analysis is based on the calculation of self and mutual inductances of the coils, and so is quite suitable to analyze the machine under transient conditions.
Amygdala lesions eliminate viewing preferences for faces in rhesus monkeys

Significance The primate brain is specialized for social interaction, and a complex network of brain regions supports this important function. Face perception is central to social development, and both humans and nonhuman primates exhibit a spontaneous viewing preference for faces. This shared involuntary response underscores the importance of faces in the earliest stages of cognitive development, yet its neural basis is not well understood. Here we report that bilateral amygdala lesions in rhesus monkeys eliminate the robust viewing preference for both real faces and illusory faces. This demonstrates a fundamental role for the amygdala in guiding eye movements toward face stimuli, a critical behavior for normal social development and social interaction. In free-viewing experiments, primates orient preferentially toward faces and face-like stimuli. To investigate the neural basis of this behavior, we measured the spontaneous viewing preferences of monkeys with selective bilateral amygdala lesions. The results revealed that when faces and nonface objects were presented simultaneously, monkeys with amygdala lesions had no viewing preference for either conspecific faces or illusory facial features in everyday objects. Instead of directing eye movements toward socially relevant features in natural images, we found that, after amygdala loss, monkeys are biased toward features with increased low-level salience. We conclude that the amygdala has a role in our earliest specialized response to faces, a behavior thought to be a precursor for efficient social communication and essential for the development of face-selective cortex.
Illness perceptions of Chinese women with breast cancer and relationships with socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics

AIMS The aim of the study is to explore the illness perceptions of Chinese women with breast cancer and relationships with their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS A descriptive, correlational, and exploratory design was used. The Chinese version of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire was modified and used to collect data. RESULTS Of the 16 common symptoms of breast cancer, the participants recognized only 2.81 symptoms, on average. Of the 6 causal factors, "uncontrollable factors" had the highest mean score, while "behavioural factors" received the lowest score. Most of the participants knew little about the disease, perceived that this illness is cyclic in nature and would not last for a long time, believed that the illness could have serious consequences but could be controlled, and reported having negative emotional responses to this illness. Most of the dimensions of illness perception were significantly correlated with one another. Furthermore, some socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were confirmed to be predictors of illness perceptions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that illness perceptions should be regarded as a whole to guide the coping process of Chinese women with breast cancer and provide new clinical information to support care for this group.
How do Australian women cope with pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy? A qualitative study protocol

Introduction Pelvic girdle pain is commonly experienced during pregnancy and results in significant physical, psychosocial and work-related challenges. Few studies have investigated the lived experiences of pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain and their coping strategies. There is a need to develop a greater understanding of this prevalent condition among Australian women. Thus, this study seeks to gain information about the impact of pelvic girdle pain on daily life and how women cope with this condition during pregnancy. Methods and analysis A qualitative research design, situated within a phenomenological framework, is adopted. The participants will be invited to describe their lived experiences of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain, the impact on their daily life and the strategies they use to cope with the condition. A stratified purposive sample will be undertaken to ensure the sample provides information-rich cases representative of women with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Face-to-face, individual, semistructured interviews will be conducted with participants at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia. A solicited diary will be offered to any participants who may find attending the interview difficult. All participants will also be invited to attend a focus group session. The different methods of data collection used in this study will allow for triangulation, thereby increasing the trustworthiness of findings. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Human Research Ethics Committees of Westmead Hospital, Sydney, and Western Sydney University, Sydney. Dissemination of results will be via journal articles and conference presentations.
Assessing the Physicochemical Stability of a Compounded Neonatal Trace Element Solution.

PURPOSE Alberta Health Services (AHS) recommends the adoption of a new neonatal multi-trace element formulation containing zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, selenious acid and sodium iodide to be compounded internally in appropriate AHS pharmacies. The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical stability of this formulation under commonly used storage conditions. METHOD Three batches of trace element solution were compounded by University of Alberta Hospital pharmacy staff using sterile compounding procedures. Appropriate amount of zinc sulfate (500 mg/mL), copper sulfate (40 mg/mL), selenious acid (4 mg/mL), sodium iodide (2 mg/mL) and sterile water for injection were mixed. Samples from each batch were divided in individual vials and syringes for each time point and kept protected from light either at room temperature (15-30°C) or fridge (2-8°C). Vial samples were also kept at room temperature for 12 h and then transferred to fridge. Vial samples were analyzed at time 0, 12 h, and 1, 3, 7, 9, 30, 60, 90 days for their physical appearance and pH, then centrifuged and assessed for the soluble zinc (atomic absorption), copper (atomic absorption), selenium (ICP-MS) and iodine (HPLC and ICP-MS) concentrations. Syringe samples were tested at time 0 and 12 h for element concentrations. RESULTS Under all storage conditions, when stored in vials, samples' appearance, pH and soluble zinc, copper and selenium concentrations stayed within the USP acceptable limits up to 90 days. Iodine concentration was within the permitted limits only up to 7 days. The USP recommended HPLC method of iodine analysis seemed inadequate for this preparation and needed modifications, through frequent washing of the column with KI (2 %) solution. Samples kept in syringes at room temperature, showed lower than permitted concentration of Zn at 12h in this study. CONCLUSION The AHS neonatal multi-trace element formulation seem to be physio-chemically stable up to 7 days in all three storage conditions when kept in vials. A decline in iodine concentration is seen after 7 days irrespective of storage conditions. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.
Inertial System Platform Rotation

Differential error equations are derived for the navigation errors of a local level undamped pure inertial platform that continuously rotates in azimuth. From these, the time response equations for the vector position error produced by a constant level gyro drift error, as a function of platform rotation rate, are computed and evaluated. It is shown that platform rotation attenuates the system position error due to level gyro bias and that this attenuation is a nonlinear function of rotation rate.
Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species in Mediating Hypertension in the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure Rat Model of Preeclampsia

Placental ischemia is believed to be the initial event in the development of preeclampsia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress, however, there are not many studies examining the role of mitochondrial ROS in the pathology of preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to not only examine the effect of placental ischemia on mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress in reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia but to also examine the role of mitochondrial ROS in contributing to hypertension in response to placental ischemia. Female pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. On gestational day 14, RUPP surgery was performed. On gestational day 19, blood pressure (mean arterial pressure) was measured, placentas and kidneys were collected from normal pregnant and RUPP rats and processed for mitochondrial respiration, ROS, and oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activities. Renal and placental complex activities, expressions and respiration rates were significantly reduced and mitochondrial ROS was increased in RUPP versus normal pregnant mitochondria. Mean arterial pressure was elevated in RUPP (n=6) compared with normal pregnant rats (n=5; 126±4 versus 103±4 mm Hg; P<0.05) and treatment with mitochondrial-specific antioxidants (MitoQ/MitoTEMPO) significantly reduced mean arterial pressure in RUPPs (n=5–10). Mitochondrial ROS was significantly elevated in endothelial cells incubated with RUPP serum compared from with normal pregnant rats, whereas serum from mito antioxidant–treated RUPP rats attenuated this response. Impaired mitochondrial function and vascular, placental, and renal mitochondrial ROS play an important role in hypertension and reduced fetal weight in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy.
Novel Enterobacter Lineage as Leading Cause of Nosocomial Outbreak Involving Carbapenemase-Producing Strains

We investigated unusual carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates (n = 8) in the novel sequence type (ST) 873, which caused nosocomial infections in 2 hospitals in France. Whole-genome sequence typing showed the 1-year persistence of the epidemic strain, which harbored a blaVIM-4 ST1-IncHI2 plasmid, in 1 health institution and 2 closely related strains harboring blaCTX-M-15 in the other. These isolates formed a new subgroup in the E. hormaechei metacluster, according to their hsp60 sequences and phylogenomic analysis. The average nucleotide identities, specific biochemical properties, and pangenomic and functional investigations of isolates suggested isolates of a novel species that had acquired genes associated with adhesion and mobility. The emergence of this novel Enterobacter phylogenetic lineage within hospitals should be closely monitored because of its ability to persist and spread.
Pathological tumor volume predicts survival outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The present study examined whether the pathological tumor volume (PTV) was correlated with the survival outcomes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and clinical lymph node metastasis. Forty-seven patients who underwent radical surgery without preoperative treatment were enrolled. The PTV of the primary tumor, which was surgically resected without preoperative treatment, was calculated based on the diameters in three dimensions. A survival analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. A PTV of ≥18 cm3 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (P<0.01) and local recurrence-free survival (P<0.01) in a univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis with adjustment for the pathological stage (stage I–II/III–IV), primary site (tongue/others) and positive surgical margin and/or extracapsular extension (absent/present) showed that a PTV of ≥18 cm3 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (P<0.01) and local recurrence-free survival (P<0.01). The present findings suggested that PTV in oral SCC provides a prognostic parameter that may predict shorter or longer overall and local recurrence-free survival.
Social support, negative social exchange, and response to case formulation-based cognitive behavior therapy

ABSTRACT We investigated associations between pretreatment social support, negative social exchange, and slope of weekly symptom change for depression, anxiety, and stress over the course of ideographic, case formulation-based, cognitive behavior therapy. Participants were 74 adults treated in a private practice setting. We used self-report measures to assess social support and negative social exchange at intake and to assess symptoms on a weekly basis. At pretreatment, a higher level of social support was associated with lower levels of depression, and a higher level of negative social exchanges was associated with higher levels of depression and stress. Pretreatment social support was not significantly associated with slope of symptom change. However, a higher level of pretreatment negative social exchanges was associated with steeper slope of change in symptoms of depression and stress during treatment. These findings suggest that the association between pretreatment negative social exchanges and subsequent symptoms may be stronger than that of social support and subsequent symptoms. Additionally, we discuss the possibility that having data on negative social exchanges at the start of treatment may benefit the outcome of ideographic, case formulation-based, cognitive behavior therapy.
The electric strength of air under continuous potentials and as influenced by temperature

The paper describes a series of experiments on the influence of temperature on corona-forming continuous potentials. The observations have been made on three sizes of wire of diameters 0.0251 cm. , 0.0803 cm. , and 0.0933 cm. , and in each case at several values of temperature within the range 5 deg. cent and 70 deg. cent. At each temperature the pressure has been varied from a value in the neighborhood of that of the atmosphere downwards, reaching in the extreme cases the value 6.03 cm. of mercury. Within the range of values reached, as indicated above, the general form of the law of corona, as developed experimentally by a number of other observers, is found to be fulfilled. There are separate families of curves for positive and negative potentials as obtained by varying the pressure for each constant value of temperature. The observations show that under constant conditions as to pressure and temperature a higher value of negative potential than positive potential is required to form corona. As plotted graphically, the results seem to indicate that when larger wires are used corona appears at the same values of both positive and negative potential. The observations, however, have not been extended sufficiently to show this identity of value. This conclusion is at variance with the observations of a number of other experimenters, in particular those of W. S. Brown, who concludes that with larger values of diameter of wire negative corona may appear at lower values than positive corona. The experiments substantiate the empirical laws developed by Whitehead and Peek, although the constants of the equations involved are higher than any heretofore observed. There is some indications that at temperatures in the neighborhood of 70 deg. cent. a departure from the empirical laws mentioned may set in. To be presented at the Annual and Pacific Coast Convention of the A. I.E. E. , Salt Lake City, June 21–24, 1921.
Radio Noise Aging Characteristics of Small Aluminum Conductors

A series of tests were rmn on clean, greased, and scratched surfaces to determine their radio noise aging characteristics. The conductors were aged in the unenergized and energized state. The energized conductors acquired a black coating which was formed on the surface after a week of operation. This black coating stabilizes the corona start voltage of new conductors with smooth surfaces. The radio noise performance of the aged scratched conductors approaches the performance of the aged smooth conductors after a period of 104 days in the energized state.
On the error behavior in linear minimum variance estimation problems

For linear systems the error covariance matrix for the unbiased, minimum variance estimate of the state does not depend upon any specific realization of the measurement sequence. Thus it can be examined to determine the expected behavior of the error in the estimate before actually using the filter in practice. In this paper, the general linear system that contains both plant and measurement noise is shown to exhibit a decomposition property that permits the derivation of upper and lower bounds upon the error covariance matrix. This decomposition allows systems containing either plant or measurement noise, but not both, to be considered separately. Some general characteristics of these simpler systems are discussed and conditions for the positive definiteness and vanishing of the error covariance matrix are established. It is seen that the presence of plant noise, in general, prevents the error from vanishing. Alternatively, the condition ofq-stage observability is seen to be sufficient to insure that the error covariance matrix asymptotically approaches the zero matrix for systems with noise-free plants. These results are used to establish very specific lower bounds. Through the application of the duality principle, they can be applied directly to the analysis of the linear regulator problem.
Overloading of power transformers

The A.I.E.E. transformer subcommittee∗ has planned an extension of the scope of the Institute publication relating to the operation of transformers to include recommendations for the short-time overloading of oil-immersed transformers in service. These recommendations take advantage of the heat storage capacities of the materials of the transformer to supplement present recommendations relating to the continuous overloading that is possible when the ambient temperature is lower than the standard ambient temperature. This report gives a brief review of the considerations upon which the proposed changes are based and includes the new material in the form in which the subcommittee has prepared it. It is submitted to the Institute for constructive criticism.
A comprehensive comparison of the fifth‐wave highly pathogenic and low‐pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza viruses reveals potential threat posed by both types of viruses in mammals

Before 2013, zoonotic influenza infections were dominated by H5N1 viruses in China. However, the emergence of the H7N9 viruses in early 2013 changed this dominance greatly, and more than 1,600 laboratory-confirmed human cases of H7N9 infections have been reported since then. To understand the underlying mechanism of the emergence of the fifth epidemic wave that shows an unexpected sharp increase, we systematically investigated the biological characteristics of the highly pathogenic (HP) and low-pathogenic (LP) H7N9 AIVs during this period. We first systematically analysed the haemagglutination assay gene of all the isolates available from the website and found that the HP and LP viruses differed a little in the well-established receptor binding sites and in other potentially important sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both the HP and LP viruses belong to the branch of the Yangtze River Delta, whereas they diverged to different small branches. To further compare the biological variations in the HP and LP viruses, we selected six HP and six LP strains for in-depth analysis, including receptor binding characteristics, thermal stability, viral replication and virulence in mice. The three major findings of this study were as follows: (a) Other potential site/sites may affect the receptor binding property of the H7N9 viruses; (b) the HP viruses displayed a higher thermostability than did the LP viruses, quite consistent with the epidemiological data during the summer period; and (c) one-third of the HP viruses were moderately pathogenic in mice, whereas all the LP viruses were nonpathogenic in this animal model. However, the LP viruses replicated more efficiently in the mouse lung and can spread to the extrarespiratory organs (spleen, kidney and brain). Taken together, our results suggest that both the HP and LP H7N9 viruses can pose a potential threat to public health, highlighting the importance of the continual surveillance of the H7N9 AIVs.