Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Ion Beam Charge States by Electron Vortices in a Plasma Optical Device

Electron vortex structures can be excited in cylindrically symmetric systems of finite length with crossed radial electric and longitudinal magnetic fields. In this paper, we consider the possibility of enhancing the ionization charge states of beam ions by such electron vortices. We show that the electron velocity in the vortices can be sufficiently large to increase the ionization charge states of beam ions. The cylindrical configuration that we consider here makes use of a number of ring electrodes along which an electric potential is distributed. We show that maximum ionization is achieved for minimum ion beam velocity through the vortex region. Though electron-ion collisions provide ionization, they also result in electron transport, in turn leading to reduced electron density. Increased magnetic field results in improved electron confinement. However, for large magnetic field the electron distribution is laminar, resulting in reduced ionization. For a given value of magnetic field, a specific number of discrete electrodes are required, along which the externally applied electric potential is distributed, or (alternatively) for a given number of the electrodes the maximum ionization is reached at a certain magnetic field. The experimentally observed dependence of electron density ne on magnetic field Ho has been analytically investigated. For Ho less than the optimum magnetic field Hopt the electron density increases with Ho; for Ho somewhat greater than Hopt, ne falls with increasing Ho; and for Ho much greater than Hopt, ne increases with Ho increasing. We consider the possibility of increasing the ionization charge states of beam ions by electron vortices self consistently excited in the plasma-optical system. The intensity of the excited vortex turbulence is proportional to magnetic field Ho, and the confinement of electrons is improved with increased Ho; thus the system calls for large Ho. It is necessary to use a certain minimum number of cylindrical electrodes, along which the electric potential is distributed, so that the radial distribution of electrons is not layered. A plasma-optical system for increasing the ionization state of ions from charge state n up to n+1 by electron vortices is considered. The system consists of three cylindrically symmetric segments located axially in the longitudinal direction (see Fig. 1). The configuration is of finite length located in the field of a chain of short coils, the sense of which is such as to create opposing magnetic fields Ho, and the separate segments trap electrons.
Sequentielle Traumatisierungsprozesse bei unbegleiteten minderjährigen Geflüchteten

Unbegleitete minderjahrige Gefluchtete sind aufgrund der im Zuge der Flucht ­erlebten, haufig traumatisierenden Ereignisse, welchen sie ohne Begleitung und Schutz der Eltern oder anderer erwachsener Bezugspersonen ausgesetzt sind, als eine besonders vulnerable und schutz­bedurftige Gruppe innerhalb aller ­Gefluchteten zu sehen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die besonderen Lebensbedingungen sowie das psychische Wohlbefinden von unbegleiteten minderjahrigen ­Gefluchteten in Zusammenhang mit dem theoretischen Konzept der sequentiellen Traumatisierung gesetzt und anhand von drei Fallbeispielen veranschaulicht. ­Abschliesend findet eine zusammenfassende Diskussion uber die Rolle und die Moglichkeiten der Aufnahmegesellschaft zu einer besseren Versorgung und folglich Integration von unbegleiteten minder­jahrigen Gefluchteten statt.
RFID cards on biodegradable substrates – Realization aspects and future trends

The aim of the work was to investigate the technological aspects of producing ISO/IEC 14443 contactless RFID cards on biodegradable celluloseacetate (CA) biopolymer-based Printed Circuit Boards (PCB), where the manufacturing steps and the actual parameters of the prepared cards were also investigated. The general motivation behind the work was to find an application for such biodegradable substrates, meanwhile reducing the amount of generated E-Waste. The technology of the coil wiring is based on PCB manufacturing steps to obtain low cost producibility. The assembly of the board with standard Mifare1K chip is based on Surface Mount (SM) electronics assembling technology. The preliminary results show accurate and functional example of a ISO 14443 standard 13,56 MHz RFID reference card.
PAHs levels in gas and particle-bound phase in schools at different locations in Serbia

This study investigated seasonal variation of PAHs and their partition between gas and particulate-bounded phases in indoor and outdoor air in 4 schools in Serbia located at different locations. The sampling campaigns were conducted during one workweek at each school successively. Campaigns were conducted in schools during heating and non-heating seasons in December 2011 and June 2012. Seasonal variations of gas and particle-bounded PAHs concentrations were observed with higher levels during heating season. The highest total PAH values were associated with the gas phase in both sampling periods. The total PAHs concentration at indoor and at the outdoor sites, during heating season, ranged from 88.45 to 447.72 ng/m3 and 201.69 to 1017.15 ng/m3, respectively. During non-heating season, the total PAHs concentration ranged from 36.91 to 271.57 ng/m3 in indoor environment and 27.00 to 132.32 ng/m3 in outdoor environment. Most of the I/O ratios were less than 1, which indicated that the indoor PAHs were mostly from outdoor sources. The use of diagnostic ratio showed that traffic emission and coal combustion are the major sources of PAHs. Only the diagnostic ratios for the school, located near the industrial area, showed significant deviation compared to other schools. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR33036: Development of new meteorological mast for turbulence parameters characterization and br. III42008: Evaluation of Energy Performances and Indoor Environment Quality of Educational Buildings in Serbia with Impact to Health]
Thermal Comfort and Health Conditions in Air-Conditioned Offices in a Warm and Sub-Humid Climate

Over the last couple of decades the use of air conditioning has become a requirement to obtain comfortable indoor environment, especially in buildings located in a geographical location with warm and humid climate, but air- conditioning does not necessarily respond to local consideration of thermal comfort, as a result, occupants feel uncomfortable. One of the main purposes of buildings was to provide healthy and comfortable environments; a poor design of thermal environment affects occupant habitability, causing effects on physical and mental performance. Field studies of the indoor environment in office buildings have proved that the indoor environmental quality was related with many Sick Building Syndrome symptoms (SBS). The objective of this research was to determine the effect of temperature in health problems, and identified the frequency of SBS symptoms in air- conditioned offices located in Colima City, Mexico. The method was based on the collection of weather data and subjective responses in a questionnaire. A total of 414 questionnaires were collected during October 2010 to April 2011in a transversal field study. According to the results, 70% of the occupants presented at least one symptom, the most common problems were: eye irritation, sore throat irritation, runny nose and dry skin.
Calibration method for equivalent extinction ratio of polarized pixel in integrated micropolarizer array camera

Equivalent extinction ratio and polarization orientation are two significant parameters representing the performance of a polarized pixel in an integrated micropolarizer array camera. With manufacturing and integrating errors of the micropolarizer array, equivalent extinction ratios are nonuniform and polarization orientations of polarized pixels deviate from their nominal values. Measuring the equivalent extinction ratio and the polarization orientation of each polarized pixel by rotating a polarizer at a tiny step is extremely time-consuming and even inaccurate. Therefore, this paper proposes a calibration method for the equivalent extinction ratio and the polarization orientation of each polarized pixel. Its principle is derived by theorizing the relationship between an orientation of a linearly polarized incident light and its digital output of a polarized pixel. In experiment, this derived principle is applied to an integrated micropolarizer array camera. Experimental result proves that calibrated equivalent extinction ratios generally vary from 4.5 to 10, with a mean of 7.939 and a standard variation of 1.053.
Experimental measurement-device-independent quantum digital signatures over a metropolitan network

Quantum digital signatures (QDS) provide a means for signing electronic communications with informationtheoretic security. However, all previous demonstrations of quantum digital signatures assume trusted measurement devices. This renders them vulnerable against detector side-channel attacks, just like quantum key distribution. Here, we exploit a measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum network, over a 200-square-kilometer metropolitan area, to perform a field test of a three-party measurement-device-independent quantum digital signature (MDI-QDS) scheme that is secure against any detector side-channel attack. In so doing, we are able to successfully sign a binary message with a security level of about 1E-7. Remarkably, our work demonstrates the feasibility of MDI-QDS for practical applications.
Mechanochemical Carboaluminothermic Reduction of V2O5 to Produce VC-Al2O3 Nanocomposite

The aim of this investigation is to produce VC–Al2O3 nanocomposite by reducing V2O5 with Aluminum and black carbon powders via mechanochemical process. The effect of milling time on this process was investigated. Milling process was done powder mixture at a rotation speed of 250 rpm for different times. Results showed that VCx has been synthesized after 1 hour of milling. The characterization of phase formation, crystallite size, strain percentage and lattice parameter was done by XRD analysis. To study the morphological evolution and determination of particle size of nanocomposite powders, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) was used. The crystallite size and lattice strain were determined by Williamson-Hall method. XRD study showed that for 6 h milling, the width of V4C3 peaks increased while the crystallite size of these phases decreased to about 27nm. In order to formVC–Al2O3 nanocomposite, the mixture was heat treated with the aid of microwave oven. The composite revealed good microwave absorption and heated up to 1150°C.
Some Properties of SU(2)-Irreducibly Covariant Quantum Channels

In quantum information theory, there are few quantum channels whose specific formulas and properties are known. In this thesis, we introduce EPOSIC channels, a class of SU(2)-irreducibly covariant quantum channels, and compute their χ-capacity and entropy in some cases. We review the basics of group representation theory and quantum information theory, and we construct EPOSIC channels, a new class of quantum channels, using representation theory. We also study specific formulas and properties of EPOSIC channels.
The Determinants of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Performance in Nigeria

This study aimed at examining the determinants of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) performance in Nigeria. An autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration was applied to sample from 1981 to 2010 to achieve the set objective. The results revealed that both in the short-and long-run, interest rate and net export have had a negative impact on SMEs performance. At the same time, other determinants such as government spending, political instability and level of education were found to have insignificant impact during the studied period. Therefore, maintenance of low interest rate will undoubtedly assist to boost the performance of SMEs in Nigeria. As such, monetary authorities need to play a very important role toward achieving the target.
Application Of Confidence Range Algorithm In Recognizing User Behavior Through EPSB in Cloud Computing

Within the security scope, Authentication is considered as a core model to control accessing any system. Password is one of the most significant mechanisms which diagnose the authorized user from others. However, it is facing many problems such as spoofing and man in the middle attack(MitMA). When unauthorized user has got the correct password. Then, this user would be able to access into the data and change previous password which causes significant loss in efforts and cost. Similarly, the hacker "who don't have a password" is also trying to penetrate the system through predicted a set of words. In fact, both of authorized and hacker users work to input a wrong password, but authorized user may have only one or two wrong characters while the hacker inputs a whole wrong password. The aim of this paper, established an algorithm under the name of "Confidence Range ". The main tasks of this algorithm are monitoring all the activities which associated with the password on time, error, and style to the authorized user to recognize any suspicious activity. For that reason, a unique EPSB,” Electronic Personal Synthesis Behavior”, has been generated to the authorized user by the application of confidence range algorithm.
Particle Size Effect: Ru-Modified Pt Nanoparticles Toward Methanol Oxidation

Ru-modified Pt nanoparticles of various sizes on platelet carbon nanofiber toward methanol oxidation were investigated in terms of particle size effect. The sizes of Pt nanoparticles, prepared by polyol method, were in the range of 1.5-7.5 nm and Ru was spontaneously deposited by contacting Pt nanoparticles with the Ru precursor solutions of 2 and 5 mM. The Ru-modified Pt nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The methanol oxidation activities of Ru-modified Pt nanoparticles, measured using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, revealed that when the Pt particle size was less than 4.3 nm, the mass specific activity was fairly constant with an enhancement factor of more than 2 at 0.4 V. However, the surface area specific activity was maximized on Pt nanoparticles of 4.3 nm modified with 5 mM Ru precursor solution. The observations were discussed in terms of the enhancement of poison oxidation by Ru and the population variation of Pt atoms at vertices and edges of Pt nanoparticles due to selective deposition of Ru on the facets of (111) and (100).
Residual Cementing Property in Recycled Fines and Coarse Aggregates: Occurrence and Quantification

AbstractThe adhered cement mortar in coarse aggregates and fines from demolished concrete has the potential to induce a residual cementing property upon recycling. A procedure for quantifying the contribution of recycled fines to the strength gain within the new mortar matrix is proposed. The strength gain is found to be more significant in recycled aggregates and fines from brick aggregate concrete than in those from stone aggregate concrete. Isothermal calorimetry measurements indicate the existence of large heat flows immediately after wetting and a prolonged initial reaction period during the hydration of recycled fines because of the presence of unreacted cement compound fractions and depleted amounts of gypsum. This phenomenon has been further confirmed, particularly in recycled fines from brick aggregate concrete, through electron microscopy observations of the formation of new gel structures caused by rehydration. The chemical compositions determined using two independent methods indicated possibl.
Application of SiPM arrays for the readout of a scintillator based time-of-flight detector

A feasibility study of replacing a conventional phototube with an array of SiPMs is presented. High gain, low voltage operation and insensitivity to the magnetic field make SiPMs practically useful for the light collection in a physics experiment. In addition, sensors can be assembled in a compact system which is easily scalable. In this study an array of 6 mm x 6 mm area SiPMs was coupled to the end of a plastic scintillator counter with dimensions 150 cm x 6 cm x 1 cm. The principal restriction for applications requiring an accurate evaluation of the photons arrival time is a large SiPM capacitance which results in broadening of the signal rise time. A natural solution of the problem is to read out and amplify the sensors independently, thus essentially isolating the sensor capacitances from each other. For this purpose an 8 channel SiPM anode readout ASIC (MUSIC R1) has been used. Prospects for applications in large-scale particle physics detectors of the SHIP and T2K/ND280 experiments with timing resolution below 100 ps are provided in light of the results.
A comparative evaluation of fractured resistance of custom made Post and everStickPOST system in endodontically treated teeth- An in vitro study

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of an endodontically treated teeth restored with custom made and everstick post and core systems. Methods: Twenty extracted premolar teeth with similar size were chosen and randomly divided into 2 groups. After cutting the crowns and endodontic therapy, the teeth were restored with custom made post (group 1), and everstick post (group 2). Fiber posts were cemented with dual cured resin cement and cast posts were luted using luting glass inomer cement. Samples were embedded in the acrylic resin blocks. And a compressive load was applied to the tooth at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min and fracture loads were recorded. The results then analysed by one way ANOVA F test and POST HOC TURKEY test. Results On comparing the mean values and standard deviation observed, it was observed that Everstick posts showed mean fracture resistance of 332 N and Custom cast showed mean fracture resistance of 160.4 N. Conclusion It can be concluded that, among the two posts system, used in the present study. The Everstick posts showed the maximum fracture resistance as compared to the custom made post. However, long term clinical studies are required to determine the success rate of the Everstick posts.
Effect of Film-Forming Polymers on Release of Naftifine Hydrochloride from Nail Lacquers

The successful topical therapy of onychomycosis depends on effective drug release and penetration into nail, which can be achieved by using an adequately developed delivery system. This study evaluated and compared effect of film-forming polymers Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RS100, and ethyl cellulose on naftifine hydrochloride release from experimental nail lacquer formulations. Quality of formulations was evaluated by determining drying time and water resistance. Interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients were investigated using microcalorimetry and FT-IR. Optimization of nail lacquer formulations was performed by naftifine hydrochloride release testing. Release of naftifine hydrochloride increased with increasing concentration of Eudragit RL100. Plasticizer triacetin affected the release of naftifine hydrochloride, when Eudragit RS100 polymer was used. Ethyl cellulose polymer was determined to be not applicable for naftifine hydrochloride nail lacquer formulations. Two compositions of nail lacquers were optimized and could be used in further development of transungual delivery systems.
Genome-wide scan for loci under selection in local Slovak and Austrian populations of Pinzgau cattle

The aim of this study was to identify loci under selection pressure within two local populations of Pinzgau cattle and to differentiate between potential outliers under directional and balancing selection. The genome-wide scan was carried out using high-density genotyping data of 257 animals. In total 105 Austrian sires and 152 Slovak purebred animals registered by their breeder associations were genotyped using Illumina BovineHD and Illumina BovineSNP50 v2 BeadChip. After quality control and SNP pruning, the final dataset composed of a total of 37,775 autosomal loci. The FST outlier approach was used to identify loci under directional (positive) or balancing selection. From a general point of view, low levels of genetic differentiation between analysed populations were found (FST = 0.13) that confirmed the previously stated assumption of a common gene pool between Slovak and Austrian populations. Despite the weak signals of selection signatures across the genome, the applied approach was sensitive to detect genomic regions under strong selection pressure. From a total of 1,602 identified outlier loci, 1,278 markers were recognized as directional outliers and the rest were assigned as signal of balancing selection. The genomic response to differences in breeding schemes for both Austrian and Pinzgau populations resulted in the changes of allele frequencies in loci located mainly in genomic regions responsible for muscle formation and beef production (CAPN, MSTN, MYO3A) as well as control of the immunity system (IGF1, BOLA-DRA). The results of this study can help to understand the biological limits and mechanisms of selection and to detect genes of interest to breeding strategy.
Navigating through Fog: The Unintended Consequences of Managerial Strategies

The “management matters” agenda argues that certain managerial actions will improve an organization’s performance. Are these management strategies still effective given complex and less salient performance indicators? Policy complexity may create unclear goals, which makes a manager less likely to effectively address that goal, reducing its salience. Given a less salient goal, top-level public managers may choose to act in the interests of their most salient goal; act in the interests of their less salient goal; or do nothing, where lower-level personnel act in the interests of clientele. Using a 2008-9 survey of university presidents and the policy issue of racial/ethnic diversity, this research finds that managers who focus on their most salient goal reduce performance related to less salient indicators. Scholars examine the role of the goal setting process in public organizations and the clarity of such goals. The consensus: within organizations, multiple goals exist that are often unclear, and this ambiguity can negatively affect organizations (Dahl and Lindblom 1953; Downs 1967; Locke et al. 1989; Rainey 1993; Chun and Rainey 2005a, 2005b; Pandey and Wright 2006). Some research has probed this idea further, adding the idea of goal salience, or mangers’ selecting among goals that they perceive to vary in importance to their organizations (Lee, Rainey, and Chun 2009). The idea of goal salience may work against theories of performance management. Managers have been found to improve their organizations’ performance on salient outcomes, regardless of their political or organizational environments (Meier and O‘Toole 2001). However, if organizations have multiple goals, what happens to those performance outcomes that are less salient to organizations? Less salient goals are not always discussed in terms of their importance to an organization. One factor that has been empirically linked to creating multiple, vague goals is the role of competing group interests (Chun and Rainey 2005a). The need for political compromise among competing interests can expand the goal set of an agency, giving it more diverse goals and performance targets (Lee, Rainey, and Chun 2009). When multiple needs exist, public managers may find difficulty in effectively meeting group needs that are directly related to individual outcomes. While previous literature discusses unclear goals, it typically does not offer specific examples of these goals, or what groups may be impacted by their lack of clarity. At the same time, scholarship presumes that “management matters” in improving organizational outcomes. However, good management in some