Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in the Human Lung: Effect of Repeated Hypoxic Challenges during Anesthesia

Six patients, ages 29–58 yr, were investigated during barbiturate and fentanyl anesthesia. After intubation with a double-lumen bronchial catheter, one lung was ventilated continuously with 100% O2, and the other was rendered hypoxic during three 15-min periods by ventilation with 95% N2 + 5% O2, with intervening 15-min periods of oxygen ventilation. Cardiac output was determined by thermodilution, and the distribution of blood flow between the lungs was assessed from the excretion of a continuously infused poorly soluble gas (SF6). The first hypoxic challenge resulted in a 10% increase in cardiac output (QT) and a reduction in the fractional perfusion of the test lung from 57% to 31% of QT. The pulmonary artery mean pressure increased by 54%, and the vascular resistance of the test lung increased threefold. The venous admixture increased from 19% to 40% of QT, whereas the inert gas shunt remained unaltered at 15% (inert gases also being eliminated by nitrogen-ventilated areas). The arterial oxygen tension decreased from 353 mmHg to 79 mmHg. On resumption of the control state, central hemodynamics and gas exchange returned to the initial values. The second and third hypoxic challenges resulted in reductions in the fractional perfusion of the test lung to 35% and 37% of QT. All other variables were altered to the same degree as during the first challenge. The authors conclude that hypoxic challenge of one lung in an intravenously anesthetized human subject elicits a maximum vasoconstrictor response within the first 15 min, and this response cannot be potentiated by repeated challenges.
Does a Satisfied Student Make a Satisfied Worker?

We investigate the effect of satisfaction at higher education on job satisfaction using propensity score matching, the special regressor method and a unique European dataset for graduates. Acknowledging that perceptions of satisfaction at higher education are endogenous to job satisfaction, we present models available to the deal with this endogeneity. Our analysis confirms that a positive university experience is important for success in future employment and suggests that emphasis should be focused on the utility of participating in third-level education along with academic outcomes.
Modeling small scale fading for Cognitive Programme Making and Special Event Applications

This paper presents an approach to model small scale fading effects on the wireless propagation channel adapted from a statistical baseband, multipath model in the time domain. The model is intended to be used for narrowband systems like Cognitive Programme Making and Special Event applications (C-PMSE) with a variaty of possible operation frequencies in the Ultra High Frequency range. The determination of fading effects on the Line Of Sight wireless propagation channel of the C-PMSE mobile terminal due to a small scale change of its position is realized by altering the Time of Arrival and the complex-valued amplitude of all multipath components in dependence of whose Angle of Arrival as well as the targeted operation frequency. This approach allows a statistical estimation on the link quality for C-PMSE in case of a frequency hand over and is therefore helpful for the implementation of proper prediction algorithms within the cognitive engine.
Reasons for Violence

The author reflects on violence and on the strategies which societies, including our own, develop in order to deal with it. He argues that some aspects of our culture, and particularly the priority given to commercial gain, weaken the inhibitions against violence. It puts a high priority on individual choice and privileges the desire for consumer goods. The approach to alcohol in society expresses the same priority given to individual choice and commercial values.
Isovector splitting of nucleon effective masses, ab-initio benchmarks and extended stability criteria for Skyrme energy functionals

We study the effect of the splitting of neutron and proton effective masses with isospin asymmetry on the properties of the Skyrme energy density functional. We discuss the ability of the latter to predict observables of infinite matter and finite nuclei, paying particular attention to controlling the agreement with ab initio predictions of the spin-isospin content of the nuclear equation of state, as well as diagnosing the onset of finite size instabilities, which we find to be of critical importance. We show that these various constraints cannot be simultaneously fulfilled by the standard Skyrme force, calling at least for an extension of its P-wave part.
Visualization of Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose We aimed to visualize the relationship of predominant dietary patterns and their associations with AMD. Methods A total of 8103 eyes from 4088 participants in the baseline Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) were classified into three groups: control (n = 2739), early AMD (n = 4599), and advanced AMD (n = 765). Using principle component analysis, two major dietary patterns and eight minor dietary patterns were characterized. Applying logistic regression in our analysis, we related dietary patterns to the prevalence of AMD. Qualitative comparative analysis by operating Boolean algebra and drawing Venn diagrams was used to visualize our findings. Results In general, the eight minor patterns were subsets or extensions of either one of the two major dietary patterns (Oriental and Western patterns) and consisted of fewer characteristic foods than the two major dietary patterns. Unlike the two major patterns, which were more strongly associated with both early and advanced AMD, none of the eight minors were associated with early AMD and only four minor patterns, including the Steak pattern (odds ratio comparing the highest to lowest quintile of the pattern score = 1.73 [95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 2.41; Ptrend = 0.02]), the Breakfast pattern (0.60 [0.44 to 0.82]; Ptrend = 0.004]), the Caribbean pattern (0.64 [0.47 to 0.89; Ptrend = 0.009]), and the Peanut pattern (0.64 [0.46 to 0.89; Ptrend = 0.03]), were significantly associated with advanced AMD. Our data also suggested several potential beneficial (peanuts, pizza, coffee, and tea) and harmful (salad dressing) foods for AMD. Conclusions Our data indicate that a diet of various healthy foods may be optimal for reducing AMD risk. The effects of some specific foods in the context of overall diet warrant further study.
Differential Responsiveness of a Splice Variant of the Human Type I Interferon Receptor to Interferons*

Chinese hamster ovary cells containing the yeast artificial chromosome F136C5 (αYAC) respond to all type I human interferons including IFN-αA, IFN-β, and IFN-ω. The αYAC contains at least two genes encoding interferon-α receptor (IFN-αR) chains that are required for response to type I human interferons: Hu-IFN-αR1 and Hu-IFN-αR2. We previously isolated a splice variant of the Hu-IFN-αR1 chain designated Hu-IFN-αR1s. Chinese hamster ovary cells containing a disrupted αYAC, which contains a deletion in the human IFNAR1 gene, were transfected with expression vectors for the Hu-IFN-αR1 and Hu-IFN-αR1s chains. With these cells, two type I interferons have been identified which can interact with the splice variant (Hu-IFN-αR1s) and with the Hu-IFN-αR1 chains: Hu-IFN-αA and IFN-ω. Two other type I interferons, Hu-IFN-αB2 and Hu-IFN-αF, are capable of signaling through the Hu-IFN-αR1 chain only and cannot utilize the splice variant Hu-IFN-αR1s. Hu-IFN-αR1 and Hu-IFN-αR1s differ in that the latter is missing a single subdomain of the receptor extracellular domain encoded by exons 4 and 5 of the IFNAR1 gene. These results therefore indicate that different type I interferons require different subdomains of the Hu-IFN-αR1 receptor chain, and that the splice variant chain (Hu-IFN-αR1s) is functional.
Political connections, ownership structure and quality of governance

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to ask the following question: is there a link between being politically connected, the quality of governance and the company’s ownership structure? Design/methodology/approach - The author then examined Canadian companies from the SP ownership concentration is associated with lower quality of governance in relation to the overall governance, board of directors, shareholders’ rights and compensation structure indices; ownership structure does not mediate the relationship between political connections and quality of governance; and number of political connections through the executive is associated with less risky governance practices in relation to compensation structure; in other words, when members of the executive are politically connected, the firm adopts better compensation practices. Research limitations/implications - The time limitation is the main weakness of this study and probably the cause of observed mitigated results. Practical implications - The author hope that the results will inform regulators on the need not only to further regulate the business-politics relationship, but also to consider the specific traits of concentrated ownership companies and the most critical aspects of corporate governance in politically connected firms, such as shareholders’ rights, particularly those of minority shareholders. For example, an intriguing case to investigate in the Canadian context would be Pierre Karl Peladeau’s foray into Quebec politics and the controversy ignited by his political bid in light of his position as majority shareholder (75 percent) in communications giant Quebecor Inc. Social implications - In fact, the results shown that concentrated ownership firms have lower governance quality than non-concentrated ones. Furthermore, in a concentrated ownership context, the minority shareholders’ rights could be threatened. In this sense, the results also shown that shareholders’ rights seem to be the most critical governance issue for the politically connected Canadian firms. These results are therefore the indication that Canadian financial market regulators must take action about politically connected and concentrated ownership firms in order to further protect minority shareholders’ rights. Originality/value - This study makes a double theoretical contribution by enriching the literature on corporate governance and by providing one of the first investigations into the direct and comprehensive relationships between political connections, governance and ownership structure.
Vertical ridge augmentation around implants by e-PTFE titanium-reinforced membrane and bovine bone matrix: a 24- to 54-month study of 10 consecutive cases.

PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to clinically and histologically evaluate the effectiveness of deproteinized bovine bone as the augmentation material in vertical ridge augmentation of the inserted implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was performed on 10 vertically augmented ridges in which 24 dental implants were inserted. Deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss) was used as the only augmentation material and was covered with a titanium-reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane (Gore-Tex). For 3 augmented areas, bone samples were retrieved for histologic and histomorphometric examination. RESULTS Clinical evaluations showed bone defects around the implants of 2 to 9 mm (average -5.1 mm; SD = 2.1). Bone height gain at 6 to 8 months after augmentation was 3 to 9 mm (average 5.3 mm; SD = 1.7). Differences between pre- and postaugmentation were statistically significant, for a mean value of > 4 mm (P < .005). The obtained bone biopsy specimens showed significant new bone formation and remodeling of the deproteinized bovine bone material. The radiographic data and the clinical stability showed that all implants were successfully osseointegrated. The radiographic and clinical follow-up indicated that the generated bone crest levels were stable. CONCLUSION This clinical study suggests that vertical ridge augmentation with an e-PTFE membrane and deproteinized bovine bone is predictable and can lead to long-term success.
Investigations of a (99m)Tc-labeled bacteriophage as a potential infection-specific imaging agent.

UNLABELLED Because bacteriophages (phages) have a natural specificity for bacteria, it may be possible to develop radiolabeled phages as infection-specific agents. METHODS The M13 phage was radiolabeled with (99m)Tc via mercaptoacetyltriglycine and purified by polyethylene glycol precipitation. After radiolabeling, the phage was tested for binding at 1, 5, and 10 min to Escherichia coli strain 2537, E. coli strain 25922, and Staphylococcus aureus strain 29213. The radiolabeled phage was also tested for specificity in mouse models that had received a subcutaneous injection of either live (infection/inflammation model) or heat-inactivated (inflammation model) cultures in a thigh. The labeled phage (10(9) plaque-forming units, 1-3.7 MBq) was administered either within 20 min (to minimize the contribution from inflammation) or 3 h after induction. The animals were killed 3 h later. RESULTS The radiochemical purity of the labeled phage exceeded 95% by strip chromatography using instant thin-layer chromatography/acetone and paper/saline. Binding of the labeled phage to each of the 3 bacterial strains in vitro was immediate, reaching a maximum at 1 min. However, the percentage bound was significantly higher (P = 0.0008) for E. coli 2537 than for either of the other 2 bacteria (84% vs. 41% and 48%). Furthermore, binding to E. coli 2537 was unchanged at 10 min, whereas binding to both E. coli 25922 and S. aureus decreased to 33%. At 3 h in vivo, the ratio of target thigh to normal thigh was significantly higher (P < or = 0.017) in the infection/inflammation model (2 to 2.5 fold) than in the inflammation model (1.5 to 1.8) and therefore suggestive of increased accumulation specific to infection. The difference was slightly more pronounced in animals that received labeled phage at 20 min after inoculation, showing a ratio of 2.3 for infected thigh to normal thigh and a ratio of 1.6 for inflamed thigh to normal thigh. Although absolute uptake was lowest in the infection/inflammation thigh of mice infected with E. coli 2537, this finding was presumably due to the therapeutic effect of the phage on this strain. CONCLUSION Radiolabeled bacteriophages should be further investigated as potential agents for specific imaging of infection.
A robust digital image watermarking method using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform

In this paper, a robust watermarking scheme based on Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) is proposed. The embedded watermark image is preprocessed with a random location matrix. The original image is transformed in the complex wavelet domain by using DT-CWT, then, according to the characteristics of the image data, the preprocessed watermark image is adaptively spread spectrum and added into the host image DT-CWT coefficients. The watermark detection process is accomplished without referring to the original image. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
TBF-based multipath tolerant routing for sensor networks

In sensor networks, the bad working conditions make nodes have high failure probabilities, so the routing algorithms must be able to recover from failure of nodes. And multipath is a method-to resolve it. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to construct multipath based on TBF (trajectory-based forwarding) which was proposed as a middle-ground between source-based routing and greedy forwarding techniques. And it is very easy to construct disjoint or braided multipath. And we also evaluate the performance in isolated or patterned failure mode
Optimization and Characterization of Femtosecond Laser Inscribed In-Fiber Microchannels for Liquid Sensing

In-fiber microchannels were fabricated directly in standard single mode fiber using the femtosecond laser inscribe and etch technique. This method of creating in-fiber microchannels offers great versatility, since it allows complex three-dimensional structures to be inscribed and then preferentially etched with hydrofluoric acid. In addition, inscription does not require a photosensitive fiber; the modification is induced through nonlinear processes triggered by an ultrashort laser pulse. Four in-fiber microchannel designs were experimentally investigated using this technique-microhole, microslot channel along the core, microslot channel perpendicular to the core and helical channel around the core. Each device design was evaluated through monitoring the optical spectral change while inserting a range of index matching oils into each microchannel; an R.I. sensitivity up to 1.55 dB/RIU was achieved in these initial tests. Furthermore, an all femtosecond laser inscribed Fabry-Pérot-based refractometer with an R.I. sensitivity of 2.75 nm/RIU was also demonstrated. The Fabry-Pérot refractometer was formed by positioning a microchannel between two femtosecond laser inscribed point-by-point fiber Bragg gratings.
Reliability of Memories Built From Unreliable Components Under Data-Dependent Gate Failures

In this letter, we investigate fault-tolerance of memories built from unreliable cells. In order to increase the memory reliability, information is encoded by a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, and then stored. The memory content is updated periodically by the bit-flipping decoder, built also from unreliable logic gates, whose failures are transient and data-dependent. Based on the expander property of Tanner graph of LDPC codes, we prove that the proposed memory architecture can tolerate a fixed fraction of component failures and consequently preserve all the stored information, if code length tends to infinity.
Forecasting Foreign Exchange Rate by using ARIMA Model: A Case of VND/USD Exchange Rate

Forecasting foreign exchange rate is one work that supports to foreign exchange rate risk of commercial joint stock banks in Vietnam. By using real foreign exchange rate data from the first day of 2013 to the last day of 2015, this paper introduces Arima model with four steps to forecast foreign exchange rate between VND/USD in the next twelve months of 2016. After having forecasted foreign exchange data, we compare them with real foreign exchange rate data to check the suitable level of Arima model for forecasting foreign exchange rate in Vietnam and the results show that Arima model is suitable for estimating foreign exchange rate in Vietnam in short-time period. Keywords: Arima, Exchange Rate, Exchange Rate Forecasting, Stationary.
Le rôle des mécanismes de gouvernance dans la prévention de la fraude managériale

Quoique relativement peu nombreuses, les fraudes commises par les dirigeants d’entreprises sont souvent spectaculaires et entrainent parfois des pertes considerables pour les investisseurs et autres parties prenantes (employes, gouvernements, creanciers). La presente these propose d’etudier le role des mecanismes de gouvernement d’entreprise comme instrument de prevention des pratiques frauduleuses des dirigeants en matiere de l’obligation de l’information financiere des entreprises cotees. La validation empirique a ete conduite sur un echantillon de 50 entreprises francaises cotees sur une periode de 5 ans (2009-2013). Les resultats d’une estimation logistique montrent qu’un bon systeme de gouvernance contribue a attenuer la gravite des pratiques frauduleuses.
First-Generation, Second Year, College Students and Support Gained from Campus Services

First-generation college students face many challenges when coming into higher education. This qualitative study was designed to gain an understanding of how first­ generation college students utilize resources on campus in support of trying to work through their challenges and gain their successes. Chickering and Reisser' s ( 1 993) theory of identity development was used to better understand the development of first­ generation college students during their transition and first year at the institution. The researcher interviewed five first-generation college students who identified as Caucasian and were in their second year of college. The results from the study showed that first­ generation students rely heavily on the resources available to them at the institution. Participants discussed the value and need for faculty, peers, and campus offices and how these offices played a key role in their experience at the institution.
Degrees of Belonging and Graduated Rights: Immigrants and Immigration Regulation in the American States

Introduction Recent years have witnessed the ascendance of states and localities as core components in the immigration discourse, both among academics and in the public domain at large. There is good reason for this focus on sub-national governments: state legislatures and city councils have been busy regulating immigrants as part of their functional role in policies such as healthcare, welfare, education, crime, property rights, and the labor market among others. Many of these subnational responses have been far from welcoming. Maricopa County (Arizona) Sheriff Joe Arpaio has made the news for his extreme methods of dealing with undocumented immigrants. Sheriff Arpaio has 160 officers trained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to enforce national immigration law under the controversial 287(g) program. The officers are known to use racial profiling, stop Latinos for routine traffic violations and ask for identification and immigration status documentation and even conduct raids outside the county’s jurisdiction to apprehend undocumented immigrants. Sheriff Arpaio’s popularity among county residents hit 80 percent last year, but other local and state officials are concerned about his tactics (Arizona New Times, 2008). On the East Coast, the town of Hazelton, PA has been involved in a lawsuit as a result of a city ordinance which penalized landlords if they did not verify that their tenants are citizens or legal U.S. residents. Hazelton is one of more than thirty Pennsylvania towns to have considered this type of ordinance. In addition to housing ordinances, other towns across the U.S. have tried to penalize employers for hiring undocumented immigrants.
Tissue plasminogen activator mediates deleterious complement cascade activation in stroke

The use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of ischemic stroke is limited by its propensity to exacerbate brain edema and hemorrhage. The mechanisms underlying these deleterious effects of tPA remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to delineate a pathway of tPA-mediated complement cascade activation in stroke and to determine whether complement inhibition ameliorates the adverse effects of post-ischemic tPA administration. We found that tPA promotes C3 cleavage both in vitro and in ischemic brain through a plasmin-mediated extrinsic pathway. Using cell culture models, we then showed that the C3a-receptor is strongly expressed on ischemic endothelium and that exogenous C3a dramatically enhances endothelial cell permeability. Next, we assessed the effect of tPA administration on brain edema and hemorrhage in a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia in C57BL/6 mice. We found that intravenous tPA exacerbates brain edema and hemorrhage in stroke, and that these effects are abrogated by a small-molecule antagonist of the C3a receptor. These findings establish for the first time that intravenous tPA dramatically upregulates complement cascade activation in ischemic brain and that pharmacologic complement inhibition protects against the adverse effects of tPA-mediated thrombolysis in stroke.