Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replication Scheme for the Pricing of European Options

This paper proposes an efficient method for calculating European option prices under local, stochastic, and fractional volatility models. Instead of directly calculating the density function of a target underlying asset, we replicate it from a simpler diffusion process with a known analytical solution for the European option. For this purpose, we derive six functions that characterize the density function of a diffusion process, for both the original and simpler processes and match these functions so that the latter mimics the former. Using the analytical formula, we then approximate the option price of the target asset. By comparison with previous works and numerical experiments, we show that the accuracy of our approximation is high, and the calculation is fast enough for practical purposes; hence, it is suitable for calibration purposes.
Falldynamiken sichtbar machen und kritische Phasen begleiten - Praktikabilitätstest der beiden Verfahren Systemmodellierung und Real-Time Monitoring im Rehabilitationszentrum casa fidelio.

Die Zielsetzung des im September 2010 gestarteten Projekts in der casa fidelio – einem Rehabilitationszentrum für suchtmittelabhängige Männer – besteht darin, die Anwendung der in Forschungszusammenhängen entwickelten Verfahren Systemmodellierung und RealTime Monitoring einem Praktikabilitätstest zu unterziehen. Diese beiden bis anhin von Forschenden der Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit FHNW angewandten Verfahren werden nun durch Praktiker der casa fidelio selbst eingesetzt und bilden die Grundlage für ein weiterführendes Konzept sozialarbeiterischer (Nach-)Betreuung, welches die beiden Zieldimensionen Soziale Integration und Rückfallvermeidung – auch bezüglich Delinquenz – gleichgewichtet im Blick hat. Die Instrumente ergänzen in diesem Sinn das bisherige Begleitungsbzw. Therapie-Setting in der casa fidelio. Auftrag, Zielsetzung und Fragestellungen Auftrag und Zielsetzung dieses Projektes bestehen darin, die bei den Verfahren Systemmodellierung (SM) und Real-Time Monitoring (RTM) einem Praktikabilitätstest zu unterziehen. SM und RTM wurden bis anhin von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern bzw. Forschenden der Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit FHNW angewandt und werden nun durch Fachleute in der Praxis von Therapie und Sozialer Arbeit in den Betreuungsprozess integriert. Dadurch sollen zum einen Erkenntnisse aus vorangegangenen Forschungsprojekten für die Praxis nutzbar gemacht werden. Zum anderen wird getestet, wie die beiden genannten Verfahren die sozialarbeiterische (Nach-) Betreuung anreichern können. Der dazu notwendige Wissensund Kompetenzerwerb wird mittels eines Praxis-Optimierungs-Zyklus (POZ) gemeinsam mit der Praxispartnerin casa fidelio im Sinne eines kooperativen Wissensbildungsprozesses vorangetrieben (vgl. Hollenstein/Sommerfeld/Baumgartner 2007). 1 Wir danken Martina Koch für ihre Mitarbeit bei der Verfassung dieses Artikels. 2 Hier und im Folgenden benutzen wir sowohl in Bezug auf die Klienten als auch auf die Mitarbeiter der casa fidelio bewusst nur die männliche Form, da dieses Rehabilitationszentrum explizit nur Männer aufnimmt und beschäftigt.
Evolution and Switching Dynamics of Solitary Spots in Nonlinear Optical Feedback Systems

Abstract We have studied experimentally and numerically spontaneous transvere pattern formation in a single feedback experiment using an optically addressable liquid crystal light valve in the polarization mode as a nonlinear optical element. Scaling behaviour has been found and transitions between different types of patterns have been observed which can be easily controlled by the bias voltage of the liquid crystal light valve. In a certain range of this control parameter we have investigated the evolution of bright solitary spots showing noncritical slowing down in the switching characteristics. This dynamical behaviour is related to the existence of an unstable branch which separates the basins of attraction of two stable states.
New Process for the Preparation of Monodispersed, Spherical Silica Particles

A new method is presented for preparing highly monodispersed silica particles using a two-stage semibatch/batch hydrolysis reaction of Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 . The slower rate of hydrolysis of the tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) that occurred during the semibatch process resulted in larger silica particles with a higher yield and narrower size distribution. This was in direct contrast to the batch process. In addition, the ability of four different mixed processes to produce silica particles with good packing density, narrower particle-size distribution, and higher yield were evaluated. These were batch/batch (B-B), batch/semibatch (B-S), semibatch/batch (S-B), and semibatch/ semibatch (S-S) processes. The S-S system produced the largest particles with the highest yields. The size of the silica particles obtained by the S-B method decreased with increasing reaction time, while the particles obtained by the B-S process had the best particle-size distribution and packing density. In conclusion, a mixed batch/semibatch system was the best way to produce an extremely narrow particle-size distribution and a good packing density.
Microencapsulation of Juçara (Euterpe edulis M.) Pulp by Spray Drying Using Different Carriers and Drying Temperatures

Juçara pulp was microencapsulated using three different carrier agents—gelatin, gum arabic, and maltodextrin—by spray drying. Response surface methodology based on a two-factor-five-level central composite design was applied to determine the effect of inlet temperature (140–190°C) and carrier agent concentration (5–55%) on anthocyanin retention. Significant retention of anthocyanin content (>83%) was observed at the treatment conditions of 165°C inlet temperature and 5% of carrier agent. Anthocyanin retention was affected by temperature, due to its high sensitivity, and by carrier agent concentration, which is related to the interaction between the juçara pulp compounds and the carrier agent.
Reduction of Scale Formation Under Pool Boiling Conditions by Ion Implantation and Magnetron Sputtering on Heat Transfer Surfaces

The formation of scale on heat transfer surfaces during pool boiling is a frequent engineering problem where aqueous solutions are involved. In this investigation the effect of modified surfaces on deposition of calcium sulfate on heat transfer surfaces was studied. The surfaces were either implanted with ions such as F, Si, and H using range-matched implants, or sputtered with diamond-like carbon, TaC, and TaC-F using a closed-field magnetron ion sputtering system. Fouling runs during pool boiling of CaSO4 were carried out with varied heat fluxes and two different salt concentrations. The results showed that these modifications of the heat transfer surfaces mitigated fouling significantly.
Multiple Time-Gate Module for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

A versatile multiple time-gate fluorescence lifetime acquisition module is presented. The module is used as an add-on to a two-photon scanning laser microscope equipped with pulsed excitation for fluorescence lifetime imaging. It enables the recording of fluorescence lifetimes by capturing the intensity decay in four or eight time gates. The module allows fluorescence lifetime imaging at high count rates and with a high efficiency. The module is equipped with computer-controlled variable-delay lines for setting the gate widths. Decay times can be accurately measured in the 0.5 ns-1 μs range. Fluorescence lifetime imaging experiments on a number of single dye solutions with different (mono-exponential) fluorescence lifetimes are in excellent agreement with the reference values obtained with time-correlated single photon counting. Measurements on a test specimen exhibiting a bi-exponential decay demonstrate that the two decay components can be quantified with high accuracy. In a specimen containing six different lifetimes, in the range 2.8 to 12 ns, all lifetimes could be well distinguished. As an example, the results of a pH imaging experiment on oral biofilm using carboxyfluorescein are presented. Here, fluorescence lifetime imaging is used both to separate the short-lifetime autofluorescence from the carboxyfluorescein fluorescence and to determine the pH in the biofilm.
A Highly Ordered Self-Assembled Monolayer Film of an Azobenzenealkanethiol on Au(111): Electrochemical Properties and Structural Characterization by Synchrotron in-Plane X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

The synthesis and characterization of p-HS(CH{sub 2}){sub 11}OC{sub 6}H{sub 4}N=NC{sub 6}H{sub 5}, compound 1d, is reported. Compound 1d self-assembles onto Au(111) substrates into highly ordered monolayer films. Self-assembled monolayer films (SAMs) of 1d on Au(111)/mica have been characterized by ellipsometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We also report the characterization of SAMs of 1d on bulk single crystal Au(111) by synchrotron in-plane X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. AFM and in-plane XRD suggest that a SAM of 1d is comprised of domains of 1d which form a hexagonal lattice (4.50 {+-} 0.06 A nearest neighbor spacing) that is incommensurate with the underlying Au(111) lattice. A model is proposed to describe the SAM structure. In such a model, small bundles (nearly 80 molecules) of ordered azobenzene moieties that rest over a set of inward tilting alkyl surface tethering groups make up the individual domains. Thermal annealing of the as-deposited SAM of 1d results in a modest increase in domain size from nearly 45 to around 55 A and a change in azobenzene tilt angle from 20-30{degree} to approximately 0{degree} with no change in nearest neighbor spacing. The redox activity of the azobenzene group is significantly affected by monolayer filmmore » structure. Only 2% of the azobenzene groups within a SAM of 1d are electrochemically accessible through cyclic voltammetry in a THF/0.1 M n-Bu{sub 4}NPF{sub 6} electrolyte. 46 refs., 13 figs.« less
Accurate explicit equations for the fill factor of real solar cells—Applications to thin‐film solar cells

Even within the simplest real solar cell model, the exact value of the fill factor (FF) is only computable by numerical calculations. Here, we perform approximations to the power–voltage curve given by the one‐diode model with series and shunt resistance losses, obtaining explicit expressions for the voltage and current at the maximum power point, and thus an explicit approach for the FF. Over a broad range of possible solar cell parameters, including cells where the impact of shunt losses on the fill factor is not negligible, the approximate equations yield relative errors typically around 1%. The equations are applied to explore the dependence of FF on alternative buffer material thickness of organic solar cells, and to investigate the incidence of shunt and series resistance losses on the FF of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells under indoor illumination conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Equilibrium Pressure of N2 over GaN

The equilibrium pressures of N2 over and Ga are not known. Values of the heat and entropy of formation of are proposed that give equilibrium N2 pressures as a function of temperature. Experiments reported in the literature lead to consistent upper and lower bounds to the calculated curve but do not define its position very well. We report the results of three different types of experiments, using in H2, which tighten the bounds to the equilibrium curve: the pressures at which could be seen to form from Ga were upper limits; the pressure of in the exiting gas stream after reaction with Ga gives a qualified upper limit; and of greatest importance, we believe, are the measurements of the pressures generated when H2 is passed over . These latter pressures are lower limits to the equilibrium curve and are believed to lie close to it. The experimental results are in agreement with the calculated equilibrium pressures of N2 over GaN and Ga obtained using the heat of formation of based on the measurements of Hahn and Juza, and Mah and the assumption that the entropy and heat capacity of are the same as those of .
Extended ionic models from ab initio calculations

The atomistic computer simulation of ionic materials has undergone massive changes over the last three decades. Major developments will be reviewed, and possible future directions explored. Extended ionic models account for an ion'response to the environment (for example, polarization or a change in size and shape) and introduce a many-body character. The exploration of the applicability of such models, which exclude such effects as charge transfer and chemical bond formation, is practical as large-scale simulations remain possible. High-level ab initio electronic structure calculations, which form a source of parameters in which each aspect of the model is parametrized independently , will be highlighted. The unambiguous nature of the resulting parameter sets will be demonstrated by simulating a range of very different, but linked, systems. Possible future directions will be explored.
Síntesis asistida por microondas de sólidos inorgánicos

The use of microwaves to produce inorganic solids is an attractive option because of potential benefits: energy saving, short processing times, increased product yields, economy and environment friendly, and so on. In a microwave process, there is an inverse heating profile as compa- red to conventional methods: the heating occurs by energy conversion rather than energy transfer. In this work different approaches to the synthesis of materials have been followed: direct solid state reaction, performed in a domestic set-up (NiO, LaMO 3 , RECrO 3 ,…), solvothermal synthesis by using a more sophisticated apparatus (γ-AlOOH, BiFeO 3 ). Sol-gel and combustion methods combined with microwaves are also described.
Nitrogen Uptake and Allocation in Sweet Viburnum During a Root Growth Flush

ABSTRACT Most woody ornamentals exhibit episodic growth flushes and nitrogen (N) uptake has also been demonstrated to be seasonal. However, there is little information on N uptake in relationship to plant growth cycle. In this study, N uptake and allocation of sweet viburnum during periods of low and high root elongation rates were studied. Plants were fertilized with ammonium nitrate (15NH4 15NO3) and after 6 d N absorption was determined. Significantly more N was absorbed by plants with low root elongation rate compared with plants with high root elongation rate. About 70% of the N absorbed by plants with low root elongation rate was allocated to the mature leaves compared to 35% on plants with high root elongation rate. It was evident that root growth activity influenced N absorption and allocation. Although only a small amount of the N absorbed by plants with low root elongation rates was allocated to the immature leaves, significantly more N was allocated to the immature leaves by plants with high root elongation rates. It is possible that the N necessary to support immature leaf growth, when root elongation rate is low, is provided by mobilization from other parts, possibly mature leaves.
On the hot-carrier-induced post-stress interface trap generation in n-channel MOS transistors

A continued fast interface trap generation is observed in n-channel MOS transistors after termination of the hot-carrier stress. The magnitude of this post-stress effect is strongly dependent on the conditions of the preceding stress, on the post-stress conditions and on the process parameters. For measurements at 293 K, a simple model is proposed which is based on the release of hydrogen by the thermal detrapping of holes, and which can explain the observed dependencies. The importance of the post-stress D/sub it/-generation is illustrated for the case of dynamic stress conditions where it can lead to an apparently deviating degradation behavior. >
Personal protective equipment against nanoparticles

Nanomaterials manufacture and use are in full expansion. With them comes an increasing risk for human health, especially at the workplace. Indeed, the early signs of potential toxicity associated with nanotechnologies are piling up. Even if they must be considered as a last resource in a traditional occupational Health & Safety approach, personal protective equipment (PPE) against nanoparticles need to be available right away, while the other more upstream risk management strategies are developed, assessed and put into action. However, the current picture of the situation relative to PPE against nanoparticles is rather worrying. For one part, there is an almost complete void worldwide in terms of regulations, standard testing methods and selection guides relative to PPE against nanoparticles. In addition, even if most claim that certified respirators should offer the needed level of protection against nanoparticles, large uncertainties remain, in particular in relation with the thermal rebound effect reported by some researchers for particles as large as 20 nm, as well as the high potential of inward leaks at interfaces. In terms of protective clothing and gloves, the subject is largely unexplored, maybe because of the common belief that skin is an impervious membrane and that protective clothing against chemical risks is efficient in case of exposure to nanoparticles. Yet, both assertions are questioned by recent findings, demonstrating the urgent need for more research in this area.
Rapid thermal oxidation of silicon with different thermal annealing cycles in nitrogen: Influence on surface microroughness and electrical characteristics

The influence of two different thermal annealing cycles on the microroughness of the Si-SiO2 interface and on the electrical characteristics of the Si-SiO2 system has been investigated. Experiments were performed growing oxides by rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) and post-oxidation annealing in N2 using a slow cooling ramp recipe (SCRR) or a conventional pulsed thermal annealing recipe (PTAR). Compared to PTAR, SCRR yielded a more severe annealing in N2 and slower temperature decay after RTO. The thickness of the as-grown oxides was measured by ellipsometry in the whole wafer area. Laser light scattering (LLS) at a grazing angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used for measuring the Si-SiO2 interface topography after the SiO2 removal. LLS was mainly used for large-area scans (micrometric resolution) and AFM for small-size areas (atomic resolution). The results showed that oxides prepared with SCRR exhibited a smoother Si-SiO2 interface at the nanometric scale and protrusions up to 2.5 nm high and up to 100 nm wide ('large protrusions') at a submicrometre scale. On the other hand, the oxides prepared with PTAR resulted in an Si-SiO2, interface with protrusions up to 2 nm high and up to 5 nm wide ('sharp protrusions') at the nanometric scale and broad localized regions, sparsely distributed over the wafer area, with high root mean square (RMS) microroughness. By measuring the electrical parameters of a large number of MOS capacitors made with these oxides, we demonstrated evident experimental correlation of the electric breakdown field (Ebd), charge to breakdown (Qbd), Si-SiO2 interface state density (Dit) and Al-SiO2 potential barrier height ( phi 0) with surface microroughness and therefore with the thermal annealing cycle in N2. The oxides prepared by SCRR exhibited improved overall electrical parameters as compared to the oxides prepared by PTAR.
Inference of sampling on Weibull parameter estimation

The data usable to evaluate the confidence bounds for the Weibull parameter estimates is provided in broad range of values, in the cases of the "mean squares", "maximum likelihood" and "generalized maximum likelihood" methods. The way to use these results in practice are described in detail. The results are provided in the form of extended Tables for standard use, and in addition in the form of empirical formulae for easy use in computer programs. The extended tabular data also are available on line in the TDEI World wide web pages.
The Implications of Research Methodologies for Hospitality Practitioners in an Age of Consumer and Data Complexity

As hospitality has matured as an academic field, so too have the theories and analytical tools used to explore the focal subject matter. In recent years, a number of highly respected hospitality journals have published special issues devoted to the development of hospitality-specific theories. Likewise, there have also been special issues dedicated to the advancement of statistical analysis in the field. Research published in these special issues has been essential in driving the field of hospitality forward as a formal scientific research domain. Unfortunately, there has been relatively less emphasis on data collection, methods, and measurement in the field of hospitality. As a unique field of study, hospitality has a correspondingly unique set of challenges and opportunities when it comes to data collection and methodologies. To continue growing as a discipline, the research design, data collection methods, and measurements applied to operationalize domain-specific constructs must progress along with the advancement of theory and analysis. Yet, when it comes to methods, hospitality researchers have too often been content to simply borrow the practices of other fields (e.g., psychology, sociology, management, marketing, etc.) without attending to the contextual nuances of the hospitality landscape. At the same time, when it comes to measurement and operationalization, constructs used in hospitality research are often adopted from other fields and adapted to the research context without consideration of how the measurement of such constructs should change in a hospitality setting. The purpose of this special issue is to highlight the importance of methods in hospitality research, with a specific emphasis on how methodological advancements can affect both theoretical progress and practical management in the field of hospitality. Accordingly, all manuscripts published in this special issue have provided evidence of how the respective methodological contributions will affect practical managerial decision-making. In this way, the Data Collection, Methods, and Measurements in Hospitality Research Special Issue seeks to propel the field of hospitality forward as a unique discipline by establishing a firmer connection between academic methodologies and practical hospitality management. Implications of Methods for Hospitality Practitioners
Influence of borate-boron on crystal form of calcium carbonate

The influence of borate-boron on the crystal form of calcium carbonate has been studied experimentally. And it has been found that borate ions in a parent solution favor the formation of calcite. This experimental result is in good agreement with the prediction from the trend that chemical species which are more easily coprecipitated with calcite or aragonite favor the formation of aragonite or calcite respectively, because the authors reported previously that borate ions are more easily coprecipitated with aragonite than with calcite.