Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trace-based Debloat for Java Bytecode

Software bloat is code that is packaged in an application but is actually not used and not necessary to run the application. The presence of bloat is an issue for software security, for performance, and for maintenance. In recent years, several works have proposed techniques to detect and remove software bloat. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to debloat Java bytecode through dynamic analysis, which we call trace-based debloat. We have developed JDBL, a tool that automates the collection of accurate execution traces and the debloating process. Given a Java project and a workload, JDBL generates a debloated version of the project that is syntactically correct and preserves the original behavior, modulo the workload. We evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of trace-based debloat with 395 open-source Java libraries for a total 10M+ lines of code. We demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces the size of these libraries while preserving the functionalities needed by their clients.
Intelligent Radio Signal Processing: A Contemporary Survey

Intelligent signal processing for wireless communications is a vital task in modern wireless systems, but it faces new challenges because of network heterogeneity, diverse service requirements, a massive number of connections, and various radio characteristics. Owing to recent advancements in big data and computing technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a useful tool for radio signal processing and has enabled the realization of intelligent radio signal processing. This survey covers four intelligent signal processing topics for the wireless physical layer, including modulation classification, signal detection, beamforming, and channel estimation. In particular, each theme is presented in a dedicated section, starting with the most fundamental principles, followed by a review of up-to-date studies and a summary. To provide the necessary background, we first present a brief overview of AI techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, and federated learning. Finally, we highlight a number of research challenges and future directions in the area of intelligent radio signal processing. We expect this survey to be a good source of information for anyone interested in intelligent radio signal processing, and the perspectives we provide therein will stimulate many more novel ideas and contributions in the future.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) Predation at the South Farallon Islands, California

Spatial and temporal records of 146 predatory attacks by white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) on four species of pinnipeds, one bird, and one human at the South Farallon Islands, Central California, from late Aug. to early Dec. 198689 are presented. During each 3.5-mo period, attacks were (1) unevenly distributed in bouts separated by hiatuses in predation, (2) paired temporally within the same day, (3) at similar times and locations on consecutive days, and (4) all during daylight hours. Predation was observed most often within 450 m of shore, with a decrease in attack frequency with increasing depth. Within this high-risk zone, predation was concentrated near coastal departure and entry points of pinnipeds, and the predatory attack positions formed linear patterns leading away from the island. Consecutive predatory attacks were often near each other, yet at times alternated between localities on either side of the island.
On the rational homotopy type of embedding spaces of manifolds in $R^n$

We study the spaces of embeddings of manifolds in a Euclidean space. More precisely we look at the homotopy fiber of the inclusion of these spaces to the spaces of immersions. As a main result we express the rational homotopy type of connected components of those embedding spaces through combinatorially defined $L_\infty$-algebras of diagrams.
Demonstration of an amplitude filter cavity at gravitational-wave frequencies

Quantum vacuum fluctuations fundamentally limit the precision of optical measurements, such as those in gravitational-wave detectors. Injection of conventional squeezed vacuum can be used to reduce quantum noise in the readout quadrature, but this reduction is at the cost of increasing noise in the orthogonal quadrature. For detectors near the limits imposed by quantum radiation pressure noise (QRPN), both quadratures impact the measurement, and the benefits of conventional squeezing are limited. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a critically-coupled 16m optical cavity to diminish anti-squeezing at frequencies below 90Hz where it exacerbates QRPN, while preserving beneficial squeezing at higher frequencies. This is called an amplitude filter cavity, and it is useful for avoiding degradation of detector sensitivity at low frequencies. The attenuation from the cavity also provides technical advantages such as mitigating backscatter.
O Estágio Supervisionado em Cursos a Distância: Uma Análise da Percepção dos Estagiários do Curso de Administração Pública da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM

Apesar da relevância do estágio curricular supervisionado para a formação e a inserção de alunos de cursos de graduação no mercado de trabalho, poucos são os estudos que analisam essa prática, principalmente no contexto dos cursos a distância. Em decorrência, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a satisfação de alunos do curso de Administração Pública da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), ofertado na modalidade a distância, em relação ao estágio e suas atitudes em relação a: (i) apoio oferecido pela organização; (ii) teoria-prática; (iii) remuneração; (iv) plano de carreira; (v) acesso a oportunidades de estágio; e (vi) supervisão. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram aplicados questionários aos alunos do curso matriculados nas disciplinas Estágio Curricular Supervisionado I, II, III, IV no primeiro semestre do ano de 2018 que efetivamente estavam estagiando em organizações públicas. A análise foi realizada por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla. Cabe destacar que os alunos se mostraram satisfeitos com o estágio que estavam desenvolvendo, à exceção dos questionamentos sobre a oportunidade de se envolver em projetos, de serem inseridos no quadro permanente de funcionários e sobre a política de apoio financeiro aos estagiários da concedente. Palavras-chave: Ensino a distância. Estágio supervisionado. Curso de administração pública.
SUBSIDIZING EXTRA JOBS: PROMOTING EMPLOYMENT BY TAMING

We study the subsidization of extra jobs in a general equilibrium framework. While the previous literature focuses on symmetric marginal employment subsidies where firms are rewarded when they increase employment but punished when they reduce their workforce, we consider an asymmetric scheme that only rewards employment expansion. This changes the incidence substantially. In the asymmetric case without punishment, it becomes less costly for firms to lay off a substantial fraction of their workforce when trade unions raise wages. This tames the unions, which causes wage moderation and raises aggregate employment and welfare. For moderate subsidy rates, all unions prefer to restrain their wage claims. At sufficiently high subsidy rates, labor market conditions improve so much that some unions enforce higher wages and let their firms shrink. This displacement of firms might have a negative impact on employment and welfare.
Evidence for Cryptic Speciation in Australian Freshwater Eel-Tailed Catfish, Tandanus tandanus (Teleostei: Plotosidae)

Allopatric populations of Australian freshwater eel-tailed catfish, Tandanus tandanus, were compared morphologically and electrophoretically. Five populations from east of the Great Dividing Range and six from within the MurrayDarling basin, west of the Great Dividing Range, were sampled. An absence of morphological differentiation among all populations was in contrast to electrophoretic evidence in which fixed allelic differences revealed three discrete gene pools: (1) an undescribed species from the Bellinger River; (2) a second undescribed species from the Nymboida River; and (3) the remaining populations that were genetically similar to one another. Mean heterozygosity in all populations ranged from 0.000-0.011.
Allozyme studies of Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Walbaum 1792, from the North Atlantic

Abstract The possible existence of discrete stocks of Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, is an important question for conservation and for rational exploitation. A total of 12 enzyme systems investigated by starch gel electrophoresis were interpreted as representing 20 putative loci. Three loci were polymorphic at the 0.95 criterion: GPI-1 *, IDHP-2 * and PGM *. Tests for heterogeneity in the allele distribution among six sample areas (east and west Greenland, Jan Mayen, the Barents Sea, Faeroe Islands and the Shetland Islands) in the North Atlantic (totally 745 specimens) did not reveal any significant inter-area differences. The results are discussed in the context of life history characteristics and the potential for gene flow, and compared to previous studies using allozyme and mtDNA analyses.
Development of selective growth media for denitrifying bacteria using an evolutionary algorithm: a strategy outline

Denitrification is a facultative trait that is distributed over a broad range of phylogenetic groups. Diversity studies of denitrifying bacteria are focused on metabolic gene sequence analysis. The observed functional diversity is often interpreted as phylogenetic diversity. There is no extensive study that supports this. Therefore, an extensive study of functional gene sequences of cultured and correctly identified strains needs to be performed. In this study, a strategy outline is presented of a new culturing approach to obtain a more diverse and larger reference set of denitrifying strains, including so far previously unculturable representatives. Specific growth media for denitrifiers are developed using an evolutionary algorithm. Eleven parameters, each with a different set of values, are defined that can vary in order to obtain different growth media. The settings for the evolutionary algorithm and the definition of the fitness are described and substantiated.
The Continuous Plankton Recorder: towards a global perspective

The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) began its first routine deployment to collect plankton samples in the North Sea in 1931. The better part of a century after that event, the Recorder is used for sampling plankton widely in many oceans. The CPR is designed to be towed behind ships of opportunity (such as commercial and passenger vessels) and to collect plankton samples along the ship’s path. The samples provide information on the broad scale spatial distributions of larger hard-shelled phytoplankton and robust mesozooplankton organisms (Richardson et al., 2006). Changes in these distributions provide indices for the biological health of the ocean including those required for fisheries and for assessment of climate change impacts.
New Ants from Stomachs of Bufo Marinus L. and Typhlops Reticulatus (L.)

In studying the biology of ants in the Neotropical Region many amphibians and reptiles were found to be of significance as predators. The new ants here described were taken with other ants from the stomachs of the giant toad, Bufo marinus L. , and the blind snake, Typhlops reticulatus (L.). [1][1] [1]: #fn-1
A Review of Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Heavy Metal Carcinogenesis: Nickel and Cadmium

Heavy metals constitute an important class of environmental contaminants that classified as human carcinogens according to the US Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. They affect human health through occupational and environmental exposure. Multiple experimental epidemiological studies indicate that heavy metals such as Nickel and Cadmium can induce several types of cancer significantly pulmonary cancers, but the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis are not well understood yet. This metals are genotoxic elements for human, while they are typically weak mutagens, indicating that indirect mechanisms may be primary responsible for their genotoxicity. Several studies suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in metal-induced carcinogenesis. Here, we review studies that investigate the common mechanisms of nickel and cadmium-induced carcinogenesis, include DNA methylation, histone modification, induction of oxidative stress, interference with DNA repair system, and interruption of cell growth and proliferation through signaling pathway and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes.
RalGTPase Controls Cell Polarity Organization during Epithelial Tissue Remodeling

Ral, a Ras-like GTPase, is an essential component of Ras-driven oncogenesis that supports tumor initiation and progression. We explored the role of Ral in the polarity organization of epithelial tissue in Drosophila. We found that Ral is dispensable for the polarization of proliferative epithelial tissue, and that Ral is required for the maintenance of apical-basal polarity of post-mitotic epithelial cells during tissue remodeling. More precisely, lack of Ral activity results in loss of cortical apical aPKC and lateral Lgl, and in apical spreading and accumulation of Armadillo/betacatenin. Our analysis demonstrates that Ral regulates polarity organization by acting as a negative regulator of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling. Ral controls aPKC apical localization by down-regulating JNK and controls Armadillo localization at adherens junction by down-regulating p38 MAPK signaling, whereas Lgl membrane localization depends on both pathways. Finally, in the absence of Ral function aPKC becomes dispensable for Lgl basolateral localization and Armadillo is recruited to the cell membrane independently of DE-Cadherin and Bazooka localization. This suggests that additional mechanisms control Lgl and Arm distribution in polarized epithelia.
Spatial strategies of wild Atlantic salmon parr: Exploration and settlement in unfamiliar areas

1. Relationships between distributions of animals and the resources they use can be expected to depend critically on the mobility of individual animals within populations. However, there is little information on the movements of individuals within populations of animals in most natural aquatic systems, so it is difficult to model accurately the processes that underlie their distributions. 2. Aspects of the processes involved in the colonization of vacant areas by streamresident Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (69-114 mm length) were measured under nearnatural conditions. In five separate trials over summer months, groups of salmon were introduced into enclosed 30-m long sections of stream, each comprising three distinct 10-m long regions of habitat. The subsequent movements of each individual fish within the enclosures were monitored remotely and continuously using a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tracking system. 3. Considerable variation was observed between the activity of different individual salmon. Some of the fish (range between trials, 3-33%) settled into localized home ranges without moving between regions, 10-38 % of the fish moved within two regions, and 37-87% of the salmon moved through all three regions of their enclosure. A fraction (0-20%) of some of the populations was particularly mobile and never settled but continued to move throughout all three regions of the enclosure. Within the scale of this current study, it would appear that, for territorial animals such as salmon parr, certain members of the population will settle in new territories after very little exploration of their new environment. 4. The propensity to explore was independent of habitat type, but was directly proportional to the size of the fish. 5. The time from release until 50% of fish in populations settled (excluding the mobile fraction) ranged from 0.3 to to 2.4 days. Activity levels were particularly high and initial movements by fish were directed upstream in trial 1, early in the summer, perhaps reflecting upstream migration by salmon parr within the population of the burn at this time.
Selection and nursery production of ornamental plants for landscaping and xerogardening in semi-arid environments

Summary In landscaping and xerogardening projects, under semi-arid conditions, appropriate plant selection and conditioning techniques used in the nursery during seedling production are crucial for the establishment, survival and subsequent growth of plants after transplanting. Selecting ornamental plants with appropriate morphological and physiological characteristics to improve nursery performance and tolerance of harsh environments is of vital importance. The use of native species of wild flora is of increasing interest because of their capacity to adapt to adverse local environmental conditions. However, the degree of adaptation to abiotic stresses varies considerably within a family, within a genus and even within a species. Morphological and anatomical adaptations in seedlings include reductions in shoot height and/or leaf area, rises in root-collar diameter and root growth potential and, often, a reduction in the shoot:root ratio. These occur as a result of hardening and acclimation processes (pre-conditioning) during the nursery period, and are correlated with the ability to withstand the shock of transplantation and to increase survival and plant growth following transplantation in xerogardens and semi-arid landscapes. In addition, there are physiological characteristics of seedlings related to osmotic adjustment and water-use efficiency, such as low stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, leaf turgor potential and relative water content. These provide seedlings with a considerable capacity to adapt to adverse conditions after transplantation into harsh environments. Suitable environmental conditions and cultivation techniques in the nursery are essential to produce sturdy seedlings, with the above-mentioned morphological and physiological characteristics. Deficit irrigation is the most commonly used pre-conditioning technique to produce high-quality seedlings. In addition, using large-sized containers and appropriate substrates, withholding N nutrition, inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, applying plant growth retardants and mechanical conditioning methods (including brushing, and shoot- and/or root-pruning) are common. Varying microclimatic conditions (low temperature, low air humidity, enrichment with CO2, light intensity and photoperiod management) are also used to control growth to produce high-quality seedlings with the ability to withstand transplanting shock and be capable of rapid establishment and resumption of growth under xerogardening and semi-arid landscaping conditions.
Three alleles in the pat-3 locus of Caenorhabditis elegans: mutations in the membrane-distal NPxY phosphotyrosine motif

Figure 1: Characterization of PAT-3 membrane distal NPxY phospho-tyrosine motif. (A) N2 hermaphrodite gonad. Arrowhead and path indicate distal tip cell (DTC) migration. Bar = 100 μm; (B) A pat-3(kq8041), Y804A, gonad showing migration defect. The gonad arm made extra turns. Arrowhead and path indicate DTC migration. Bar = 50 μm; (C) Protein sequence of wild type and mutant PAT-3 cytoplasmic tail was compared to human β1 integrin. Reds are the tyrosine and mutant residues in membrane distal NPxY; D. Gonad migration and motility analyses of pat-3 mutants.
Retention of volunteers and factors influencing program performance of the Senior Care Volunteers Training Program in Jiangsu, China

Background As the country with the largest aging population, China faces an enormous challenge with its elderly support and care. One of the proposed solutions is the development of volunteerism for elderly care. The Senior Care Volunteers Training Program (SCVTP) was initiated by the Red Cross Society of China with the purpose of training volunteers to care for community seniors. As one of the four pilot provinces, Jiangsu Province launched the program since 2017. Aims The present study was conducted to investigate the dropout rate of trained volunteer group leaders, the characteristics of the retained trained volunteer group leaders and the activities that their groups conducted. Additionally, the exploration of the factors influencing the SCVTP’s performance was listed as another aim. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed. The study used purposive sampling to select participants who meet the criteria from all the trained volunteer group leaders (n = 623). Demographic questionnaire, volunteer role identity (VRI) scale, attitude toward helping others (AHO) scale, team climate and atmosphere (TCA) scale, and volunteer program performance evaluation (VPPE) questionnaire were used to collect the data online. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the dropout rate and general characteristics of the retained volunteers and the activities. A multiple linear regression equation was developed to study the factors that influence program performance. Results In total, 307 questionnaires were valid in the study. About 67.9%, 53.7%, and 30.0% of the trained volunteer group leaders dropped out of the program in the year of 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The retained trained volunteer group leaders were more likely to be females (84.7%), those in excellent health (75.2%) and with a bachelor’s degree or above (87.6%). Less attention has been paid to frailty care (n = 76) than other volunteer caring activities (e.g., safe care: n = 277, diet care: n = 250, drug management care: n = 226). VRI (β = 0.118, p = 0.017), AHO (β = 0.134, p = 0.021), TCA (β = 0.459, p<0.001), and financial sustainability (β = 0.179, p<0.001) affected the SCVTP’s performance significantly (adjusted R2 = 0.356). Conclusion High rate of trained volunteer group leaders’ dropout should be brought to the policymaker’s attention. The characteristics of the retained trained volunteer group leaders provide a useful reference for the recruitment of trainees in the future. Frailty care may need more training by the volunteer service provider. In order to enhance program performance, a better team climate and atmosphere, financial sustainability, and volunteers with appropriate attitude and role identity are also necessary for the volunteer program.
Selection and Characterization of Bacillus licheniformis MH48 for the Biocontrol of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become the most serious threat to pine trees in Korea. This study was subjected to investigate effective biological control agent against PWD. To select nematocidal bacteria against PWD, Bacillus licheniformis MH48 was selected among five bacteria due to its high nematocidal potential. B. licheniformis MH48 was tested for cell growth and protease activity to evaluate its nematicidal potential. In the B. licheniformis MH48, cell numbers were highest three days after incubation, while protease activity was highest after seven days. In the effect of different concentrations of B. licheniformis MH48 culture broth against B. xylophilus, 20% concentration of culture broth showed approximately 80% of pine wood nematode mortality compared to the control. Especially, pine wood nematode`s cuticle layers were degraded two days after treatment of B. licheniformis MH48 culture broth. The present study suggests that B. licheniformis MH48 can be one of the potential biocontrol candidates against pine wood nematode due to its ability to produce protease.