Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystallization kinetics of orthorhombic paracetamol from supercooled melts studied by non-isothermal DSC

Abstract A simple and highly reproducible procedure was established for the study of orthorhombic paracetamol crystallization kinetics, comprising melting, quench-cooling of the melt and scanning the formed glass by DSC at different heating rates. Results were analyzed on the basis of the mean as well as local values of the Avrami exponent, n, the energy of activation, as well as the Šesták–Berggren two-parameter autocatalytic kinetic model. The mean value of the Avrami kinetic exponent, n, ranged between 3 and 5, indicating deviation from the nucleation and growth mechanism underlying the Johnson–Mehl, Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model. To verify the extent of the deviation, local values of the Avrami exponent as a function of the volume fraction transformed were calculated. Inspection of the local exponent values indicates that the crystallization mechanism changes over time, possibly reflecting the uncertainty of crystallization onset, instability of nucleation due to an autocatalytic effect of the crystalline phase, and growth anisotropy due to impingement of spherulites in the last stages of crystallization. The apparent energy of activation, Ea, has a rather low mean value, close to 81 kJ/mol, which is in agreement with the observed instability of glassy-state paracetamol. Isoconversional methods revealed that Ea tends to decrease with the volume fraction transformed, possibly because of the different energy demands of nucleation and growth. The exponents of the Šesták–Berggren two-parameter model showed that the crystallized fraction influences the process, confirming the complexity of the crystallization mechanism.
Imagerie per-opératoire des électrodes de stimulation cérébrale profonde et proposition d’une nouvelle modalité de repérage stéréotaxique indirect de la cible subthalamique

L’efficacite de la stimulation cerebrale profonde subthalamique dans certains cas de maladie de Parkinson est maintenant bien etablie. Toutefois, des progres restent possibles, a la fois en terme de controle du geste chirurgical et en terme de definition de la cible chirurgicale. Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, nous nous sommes interesses a l’optimisation du controle de l’implantation des electrodes de stimulation cerebrale profonde. Nous avons tout d’abord analyse retrospectivement les resultats obtenus en realisant une imagerie tridimensionnelle per-operatoire pour le controle de positionnement des electrodes. Nous nous sommes ensuite interesses a la possibilite d’utiliser un repere de visee radiologique per-operatoire. Nous avons revu pour cela une serie de patients ayant subi une reimplantation d’electrodes, pour lesquels l’electrode deja en place etait utilisee comme point de repere a la fois pour definir la cible de la reimplantation et pour controler radiologiquement l’implantation de la nouvelle electrode. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons travaille a l’optimisation de la cible subthalamique. Nous avons tout d’abord evalue la pertinence du reperage du faisceau mamillo-thalamique sur des coupes IRM axiales comme marqueur de la coordonnee y du bord anterieur du noyau subthalamique. Ensuite, nous avons tâche de proposer une normalisation tridimensionnelle de l’espace stereotaxique a partir de donnees recueillies dans une serie de volontaires sains. Enfin, pour une serie de patients operes avec un bon resultat, nous avons cherche a correler la position des contacts actifs en stimulation chronique avec des points de reperes profonds visibles en IRM. Nous avons pu proposer ainsi une cible normalisee dont les coordonnees sont : x = 0,44xbord lateral du V3 + 10,71mm; y = 0,69xfaisceau mamillothalamique + 1,62 mm ou 0,34 distance CACP + 2,52 mm; z = 0,72 hauteur du thalamus – 16 mm. Cette cible sera evaluee dans une future etude prospective.
Types of multi‐infarct dementia

A series of 79 patients with multi‐infarct dementia (MID) were divided into 2 groups designated cortical MID and subcortical MID, according to whether the computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence or absence of cortical infarcts, and an absent to mild or moderate to severe degree of white matter low attenuation (WMLA). Cortical MID was characterized by repeated atherothrombotic and cardiogenic strokes, moto‐sensory hemiparesis, a severer degree of aphasia, and abrupt onset of cognitive failure. Subcortical MID typically showed the following features: lacunar strokes, bulbar signs including dysarthria, pure motor hemiparesis, depression and emotional lability. WMLA was found in all patients with subcortical MID but also in over 60% of those with cortical MID. In the 2 groups CT scans showed equal frequencies of deep infarcts. When divided according to severity of WMLA, 92% of patients in the cortical MID group and 44% of those in the subcortical MID group were found to have at least one cortical infarct on the CT scan. Although cortical and subcortical MID differed in several clinical features, they did not show major differences in the risk factors for stroke, and clearly overlapped each other as regards ischaemic scores and the findings in neurological examinations and CT. Thus, it is still an open question whether cortical MID and subcortical MID, including the lacunar state and Binswanger's disease, are 2 distinct entities or merely represent the expression of biological variation while having the same etiopathogenesis.
Bird-ectoparasite interactions, nest humidity, and ectoparasite community structure.

Host nests are the key habitat for ectoparasite species that live and reproduce within the nest material. Nest properties can influence host and parasite reproductive success, and therefore the outcome of host–parasite interactions, as well as the composition of parasite communities. Previous correlational results suggested that nest humidity may increase the negative effect of fleas on Great Tit (Parus major) reproductive success. Since the causality of the relationship was unknown, we simultaneously manipulated both hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae) infestation and nest humidity in order to investigate: (1) the effect of flea infestation on nest humidity, (2) the effect of nest humidity on the prevalence of flea infestations, (3) the effect of nest humidity on adult flea survival and reproduction, (4) the interaction between flea infestations and nest humidity on Great Tit reproductive performance, and (5) the effect of both factors on secondary infestations by ectoparasitic Protocalliphora flies. The p.
Host-parasite population dynamics under combined frequency-and density-dependent transmission

Many host-parasite models assume that transmission increases linearly with host population density (‘densitydependent transmission’), but various alternative transmission functions have been proposed in an effort to capture the complexity of real biological systems. The most common alternative (usually applied to sexually transmitted parasites) assumes instead that the rate at which hosts contact one another is independent of population density, leading to ‘frequency-dependent’ transmission. This straight-forward distinction generates fundamentally different dynamics (e.g. deterministic, parasite-driven extinction with frequency- but not densitydependence). Here, we consider the situation where transmission occurs through two different types of contact, one of which is density-dependent (e.g. social contacts), the other density-independent (e.g. sexual contacts). Drawing on a range of biological examples, we propose that this type of contact structure may be widespread in natural populations. When our model is characterized mainly by density-dependent transmission, we find that allowing even small amounts of transmission to occur through density-independent contacts leads to the possibility of deterministic, parasite-driven extinction (and lowers the threshold for parasite persistence). Contrastingly, allowing some density-dependent transmission to occur in a model characterized mainly by density-independent contacts (i.e. by frequency-dependent transmission) does not affect the extinction threshold, but does increase the likelihood of parasite persistence. The idea that directly transmitted parasites exploit different types of host contact is not new, but here we show that the impact on dynamics can be fundamental even in the simplest cases. For example, in systems where density-dependent transmission is normally assumed de facto, we show that parasite-driven extinction can occur if a small amount of transmission occurs through density-independent contacts. Many empirical studies are still guided by the traditional density/frequency dichotomy, but our combined transmission function may provide a better model for systems in which both types of transmission occur.
Mouse Gesture Recognition using Back Propagation Neural Network

To Understand Mouse motions are often exhibit as a pattern recognition weakness. So as to convey pictorial messages to a receiver, a mouse expresses motion patterns referred to as gestures; these patterns area unit variable however dissimilar associated have an associated significance. The Pattern recognition by any processor or machine are often executed via varied ways like Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Linear Programming (LP) and Neural Networks (NNs). Every technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper reviews why using ANNs particularly is best suited to analyzing mouse gesture patterns. All implementation work is carried out in MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) could be a problem-oriented language and interactive surroundings for numerical computation, image, and programming. MATLAB is de facto normal for analyzing information, developing algorithms, and making models and applications. The research proposed work uses Techniques like Vector Quantization, Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks; therefore such work is implemented using Neural Networks toolbox (NNTool). In certain scenarios, we have successfully demonstrated that Neural Networks can be used for the Gesture recognition in with more than 99.7% success rate.
MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON MITOCHONDRIA AND RELATED STRUCTURES *

6. They appear as unit membranes in electron micrographs. Most of these properties are well compatible with the molecular arrangement of membrane components first described by J. F. Danielli, some may require modifications of this structure and for a detailed explanation of membrane functions further refinement of the model is necessary. However, the common properties of all cellular membranes studied strongly suggest a common basic structure which, in a first approximation, can be represented as a continuous bimolecular layer of phospholipids covered on both surfaces with layers of protein. The main newer arguments that support the Danielli model are: ( 1 ) Impedance measurements on suspensions of cells and subcellular particles are compatible with the assumption of a thin, continuous hydrocarbon layer on the surface of the cells and particles. (2) The myelin sheath consists of closely packed layers of Schwann cell membrane. When its molecular structure, which is well supported by polarized light and X-ray diffraction data from living nerve, is extrapolated to the Schwann cell membrane, it is found to be identical with the Danielli model. (3) Isolated membrane lipids and lipoprotein complexes in water form bimolecular layers as the most stable structures. (4) When such artificial membrane lipid and lipoprotein bilayers are prepared for electron microscopy by the same technique used for cells, they retain their lamellar structure and appear as unit membranes in the electron micrographs. ( 5 ) When these membrane lipoprotein preparations are finely dispersed they form vesicular structures of variable size, indistinguishable morphologically from finely dispersed cellular membranes. (6) Electrical and permeability properties of Mueller-Rudin type membranes are compatible with the assumption that a similar bimolecular lipid layer is present in cellular membranes. Mitochondria1 membranes possess many of the structural and functional characteristics typical of cellular membranes: A) Their chemical composition is typical of cellular membranes. B) They separate compartments of different composition.
An electrophysiological demonstration of the axonal projections of single spinal interneurones in the cat

1. Single interneurones excited from group Ia afferents and located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the cat were activated antidromically by stimulation of their axons with one micro‐electrode while recording extracellularly close to their somas with a second micro‐electrode. The interneurones studied were those which, according to previous indirect evidence, should mediate the reciprocal Ia inhibition of motoneurones.
Social Media Utilisation among Youth

Social media are tools of communication and collaboration through the exchange of text, images, video, live streaming and presentation. It has become the most common activity of today’s youth. Websites that allow people to communicate with others is considered as social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WeChat, Snapchat, telegram etc. and also video sites such as YouTube; and blogs. Currently, social media has become the gate of entertainment and communication for the youth. With the spread of dozens of social interacting applications, the way and nature of human communication has changed today compared to the past. The study found that the teenagers no longer feel loneliness as they are in touch with their friends through social media. In addition of positive utilization of social media, it bears adverse effects as well viz: social activity of youth is reduced as they rely most of the time on social media; medical conditions such as eye-sight issues and gastric conditions; a decrease in intelligence quotient etc. This paper lists the social media utilization on youth through a survey among youth in Shivamogga.
Effets coopératifs dans les nuages d'atomes froids

Ce travail de these concerne d’une part l’etude theorique et experimentale des effets cooperatifs dans les nuages d’atomes froids dilues (nλ3 < 1) et, d’autre part, le developpement d’un piege dipolaire pour comprimer le nuage vers les regimes denses (nλ3 ∼ 1) afin d’etudier la competition entre les effets cooperatifs et la localisation forte. Le premier chapitre montre comment un systeme de N atomes interagissant via le champ electromagnetique donne naissance aux effets cooperatifs : superradiance, sousradiance, deplacement de Lamb collectif. En considerant la situation o`u les atomes sont pilotes par un champ laser exterieur, nous montrons comment les effets cooperatifs se manifestent et calculons la force de pression de radiation collective s’exer¸cant sur le centre de masse du nuage. Le phenomene de sousradiance est ensuite etudie en considerant la relaxation du systeme apres avoir coupe le laser. Le deuxieme chapitre traite l’etude experimentale des effets cooperatifs en mesurant la force de pression de radiation cooperative. Les mesures sont en bon accord avec le modele theorique developpe precedemment. Enfin, le dernier chapitre decrit la realisation d’un piege dipolaire croise, desaccorde dans le bleu, dont la taille peut etre ajustee dynamiquement pour comprimer le nuage dans les regimes de forte densite.
Predictors of whole-body vibration levels among urban taxi drivers.

To identify a set of important WBV predictors that could be used to develop a statistical instrument for exposure assessment in a large epidemiologic study, a total of 432 WBV measures were taken from a sample of 247 male drivers in Taipei City, Taiwan. In accordance with the ISO 2631-1 (1997) methods, we measured the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration (z-axis) over drivers' seat surface, under conditions representing different types of rides (vacant vs. short vs. long) assigned to random destinations. Mixed effect models were used to analyse the WBV data including repeated measures. For this group of urban taxi drivers regularly exposed to WBV of low intensity (mean = 0.31 ms( - 2), ranging from 0.17 to 0.55 ms( - 2) r.m.s.), our analyses indicated that average driving speed was the primary predictor (p < 0.0001). As average driving speed increased, measured vertical acceleration increased in a quadratic-linear manner (p < 0.0001). Other WBV predictors, after adjusting for the effects of other covariates, included automobile manufacturer (p = 0.02), engine size (p = 0.04), body weight (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.02), use of seat cushion (p = 0.03), and traffic period (p = 0.02). Our study suggests that a similar statistical approach could be employed in future studies to improve the quality and efficiency of WBV exposure assessment in professional drivers.
A Binary Power Control Scheme for D2D Communications

Binary power control (BPC) is known to maximize the capacity of a two-cell interference limited system and performs near optimally for larger systems. However, when device-to-device (D2D) communication underlying the cellular layer is supported, an objective function that considers the power consumption is more suitable. We find that BPC remains optimal for D2D communications when the weight of the overall power consumption in the utility function is bounded. Building on this insight, we propose a simple near-optimal extended BPC scheme and compare its performance with a recently proposed utility optimal iterative scheme using a realistic multicell simulator. Our results indicate that a near optimal D2D performance can be achieved without lengthy iterations or complex signaling mechanisms.
Kidney Donation and Transplantation in Eurotransplant 2006–2007: Minimizing Discard Rates by Using a Rescue Allocation Policy

Context All organ exchange organizations are challenged to maximize the utilization rate of all donors. Objective To investigate the benefit of a rescue allocation policy and to study the impact of donor factors on the risk of kidney discard. Design and Setting All 4057 donors with kidneys offered for allocation to Eurotransplant between 2006 and 2007 were included. Allocation was patient-oriented, based on a point-score system including recipient and donor factors. If an organ offer was rejected 5 times for medical reasons, allocation was switched to rescue allocation (ie, the organ was then offered in a center-oriented way). A logistic regression model was built to test whether donor factors were predictors of rescue allocation or kidney discard. Results Rescue allocation was used for 665 donors (16.4%); within this group, transplant rate was 54.3%, resulting in a donor discard rate of 304 donors (7.5% of total study group). The multivariate model showed that rescue allocation was used significantly more for kidneys from child donors and donors with a high creatinine level. Moreover, testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody to hepatitis C virus was associated with an increased probability of rescue allocation. Kidney discard was significantly associated with donation after cardiac death, donor age, serum creatinine level, history of diabetes, and history of hepatitis. Conclusions Rescue allocation is effective in lowering donor discard rates. Even with rescue allocation, several donor factors were significantly associated with a higher discard rate. Use of liberal donor criteria and a rescue allocation policy can reduce kidney discards and thus shorten the waiting list for kidney transplantation.
Email as a learning technology in the South Pacific: An evaluation

This paper examines how students from different cultural backgrounds use email to communicate with other students and lecturers. The South Pacific region, isolated, vast, and culturally diverse, was selected as an excellent research environment in which to study the effect of cultural differences and educational technology on distance learning. The context of the research was two competing distance education institutions in Fiji, the University of the South Pacific and Central Queensland University. The two institutions use email for teaching and learning in quite different ways. At CQU email has been incorporated in teaching pedagogy across all courses, whereas at USP email is available to students, but usage is voluntary. Three research questions are addressed: Does cultural background affect the extent to which students use email to communicate with educators and other students for academic and social reasons? Does cultural background affect the academic content of email messages? Does cultural background influence students' preference to ask questions or provide answers using email instead of faceto-face communication? Two studies were conducted in parallel. Subjects were drawn from business information systems and computer information technology classes at USP and CQU. 400 USP students located at different regional centers were surveyed about their use of email. In the CQU study, postings to course discussion lists by 867 students based in Fiji and Australia were analyzed. The results suggest that there are significant differences in the use of email by students from different cultural backgrounds.
Traumatic cervical epidural hematoma in an infant

An 8-month-old male infant had presented with a history of a fall from the crib a fortnight ago. He had developed progressive weakness of both lower limbs. On examination, the infant had spastic paraplegia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the cervical spine showed an epidural hematoma extending from the fourth cervical (C4) to the first dorsal (D1) vertebral level with cord compression. The patient had no bleeding disorder on investigation. He underwent cervical laminoplasty at C6 and C7 levels. The epidural hematoma was evacuated. The cervical cord started pulsating immediately. Postoperatively, the patient's paraplegia improved dramatically in 48 hours. According to the author's literature search, only seven cases of post-traumatic epidural hematoma have been reported in pediatric patients, and our patient is the youngest. The present case report discusses the etiopathology, presentation, and management of this rare case.
The effects of shadow representation of virtual objects in augmented reality

In this paper, we describe the effects of shadow representation of virtual objects in augmented reality. Optical consistency is important in order to create realistic augmented reality environments. We focus on providing accurate shadows and made two assumptions about the effects of shadow representation of virtual objects. First, that the shadow of virtual objects provides a stronger connection between the real world and virtual objects and so increases virtual object presence. Second, that the shadow of virtual objects provides depth cues and so makes three-dimensional perceptions easier for the users of the interface. We report on two experiments that show that these assumptions are correct. We also find that users report that a characteristic shadow shape provides more virtual object presence in spite of incorrect virtual light direction.
HUMAN HEIGHT ESTIMATION USING A CALIBRATED CAMERA

Due to the increasing number of different u fortunate events recently, the video surveillanc e systems are becoming more and more sophisticated in multiple wa ys. The simple recording of video frames is continuously being extended with a wide range of fe atures, both to increase the security by boosting t he efficiency and effectiveness of security staff and to allow more accurate and quick reconstruction of the recorded events for subsequent analysis. In both ca ses the height of the observed people may be of ess ential importance. Although height has been long used in f orensic procedures to narrow the list of possible suspects, it is not distinctive enough to be used i n biometric identification. However, by estimating the heights of the tracked subjects on different camera s, it could provide us with an important additional feature making the object tracking over different scenes mo re r bust. In this paper we introduce our method to estimate the height of human subjects tracked on ca librated surveillance camera images.