Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software Size Estimation: Practical Models and their Applications in Various Phases of the SDLC

Estimating software size has been one of the highly researched topics over the past few decades. Due to the unpredictable nature of many factors associated with software development projects and ever-changing technological complexity, the topic still draws widespread attention within the software engineering domain. This paper briefly discusses few estimation models that can be practically applied to estimate software metrics such as size, effort, and time, without getting involved into mathematical complexity by a project manager. We also discuss the pros and cons of these models. We further map the applicability of these models in various phases of the software development life cycle. Finally, we implement two of these models to develop a user interface that can be used repeatedly or as necessary to estimate the software metrics during the major stages of its developmental life cycle, and adjust the schedule as necessary.
Clinical and Histopathological Indicators of Neck Metastasis in Laryngeal Carcinoma

Determination of cervical metastasis preoperatively is very important in planning the treatment strategy in laryngeal carcinoma. In spite of vigorous clinical and detailed high technology radiological examinations, the occult metastasis rate is between 12-17% in No necks. In recent years most of the studies are related to the clinical and histopathological risk factors that may effect cervical metastasis. In this study we reviewed the primary tumors and neck specimens of laryngeal carcinoma patients operated in our clinic retrospectively. In 46 laryngeal carcinoma patients with laryngectomy and neck dissection, the following criteria were examined; Tumor localization, T status, histologic grading, peripheral invasion pattern, perineural and vascular invasion in a follow up period of at least 2 years. Only those cases whose paraffin blocks had not deteriorated were eligible for the study. The results were compared to neck status and although statistically insignificant, a numerically positive correlation between pathological factors and neck metastases were found. Statistical analysis was done with Chi-square and Fisher tests. Sensitivity and specificity were used as indices of accuracy. In 30,4% of the cases, there were metastatic lymph nodes in the surgical specimen. The diagnostic specificity of the clinical examination was 78% and diagnostic sensitivity was 80%. In recent years an anterolateral selective instead of a comprehensive neck dissection has also been recommended for the contralateral side of the neck by others, a method also accepted in our clinic. However, it should always be kept in mind that only low risk patients who can be closely followed up are candidates for conservative treatments.
A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcinea (Porifera, class Calcarea)

Une revision de tous les genres de la sous-classe Calcaronea (Porifera, Calcarea) est faite. Le nouvel ordre Baeriida est propose en addition aux deux ordres precedemment reconnus, Leucosoleniida Hartman, 1958 emend, et Lithonida Vacelet, 1981. L'ordre Leucosoleniida comprend neuf familles dont une nouvelle (Jenkinidae) et 42 genres, dont quatre nouveaux (Breitfussia, Leucandrilla, Polejaevia et Syconessa). L'ordre Lithonida comprend deux familles et six genres. L'ordre Baeriida comprend trois familles, dont deux nouvelles (Baeriidae et Trichogypsiidae) et huit genres. Les Leucosoleniida semblent avoir evolue a partir du stade olynthus. Cette forme est probablement presente dans les stades precoces de l'ontogenese chez toutes les Leucosoleniida et subsiste a l'etat adulte chez Leucosolenia. Les Leucosoleniida sont un groupe florissant dans lequel on reconnait plusieurs lignees ayant un systeme aquifere et un squelette de complexite croissante a partir de l'organisation de type sycettide. La croissance en taille a partir du stade sycettide peut avoir lieu en suivant deux voies : 1) la croissance et l'elongation des tubes radiaires, qui accroissent l'epaisseur du corps de l'eponge et qui sont representees par la lignee Sycettidae-Grantiidae et les Heteropiidae ; 2) la croissance du tube central contenant la cavite atriale qui accroit la longueur du corps, comme chez les Jenkinidae et les formes simples des Amphoriscidae. Au contraire, les Baeriida et les Lithonida sont des groupes tres divergents, representes seulement par un petit nombre d'especes. Des cles d'identification et des illustrations sont donnees pour tous les genres consideres comme valides.
Step by step calibration of an Integrated Model System for irrigation management

To assess how the multiple processes that constitute irrigation land use interact, the basin-level hydrological model WASIM-ETH and a bioeconomic model MP-MAS were embedded into a common framework. Following conceptual integration of theories, we here describe the integration of data and joint calibration and validation of both models. Methodologically, interacting variables are first specified from data, then from model outputs, and then dynamically coupled. Interdisciplinary cross-checks and sensitivity analyses improved calibration. For irrigation management at basin scale, we indicate that physical scarcity of water, which restricts the current land use pattern in drier years, and allocative water scarcity which indicates inefficient water right markets, coexist in one basin, in different irrigation sectors. Also, due to heterogeneity of asset distribution among farmers, effective constraints vary considerably, so that water right consideration are not relevant to many. Thus, policies require in-depth analysis of the target groups at individual level.
A Short Literature Review on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Obese Conditions

Diabetes is associated with most of the risk factors associated to the vital organs like Heart, Kidney, Liver and Brain. Although there is no much evidence to understand the clear mechanism of the Diabetic Cardiomyopathy to have increased Heart Risk, it becomes very important to understand the possibilities or the available hypothesis to have a clear picture of the known latest research. Since decades Cardiologists are putting their efforts in understanding what are the possible risks and how to overcome them it was not really easy for them to finalize various Hypothesis. Thus, this field still provides wide opportunity for the young scientists to lay their efforts on finding out the proper mechanism in this not much explored medical condition. This review tries to understand the major advancements that have happened in the research concerned to the Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. We have tried to have an overview on the Biochemical and Molecular reasons that support DCM.
Reproductive modes in lizards: measuring fitness consequences of the duration of uterine retention of eggs

1. One of the primary axes of life-history variation involves the proportion of embryonic development for which the offspring is retained within its parent's body; understanding trade-offs associated with prolonging that period thus is a critical challenge for evolutionary ecology. 2. Prior to oviposition, most oviparous squamate reptiles retain developing eggs in utero for about one-third of embryogenesis; the strong conservatism in this trait is a major puzzle in reptilian reproduction. To clarify fitness consequences of this prolonged uterine retention, we need to experimentally modify the trait and examine the effects of our manipulation. 3. We used transdermal application of corticosterone to induce gravid scincid lizards (Bassiana duperreyi) to lay their eggs 'prematurely', with relatively undeveloped embryos. Corticosterone application induced females to oviposit sooner (mean of 5.41 ± 0.51 days post-treatment) at earlier embryonic developmental stage (27 ± 0.21) than did controls (13.2 ± 1.22 days; embryonic stage 30.4 ± 0.16). 4. Corticosterone levels in the egg yolk were unaffected by maternal treatment, so effects of earlier oviposition should not be confounded by endocrine disruption of embryogenesis. Nonetheless, early oviposition reduced hatchling fitness. Hatching success was lower, incubation periods post-laying were increased, and neonates from eggs laid at earlier embryonic stages were smaller and slower. 5. These results suggest that retention of developing eggs in utero by oviparous squamates enhances maternal fitness, and does so via modifications to offspring phenotypes rather than (for example) due to accelerated developmental rates of eggs in utero compared to in the nest. 6. More generally, our data support optimality models that interpret interspecific variation in the duration of maternal–offspring contact in terms of the selective forces that result from earlier vs. later termination of that maternal investment.
Effects of Different Media and Organic Additives Interaction on In Vitro Regeneration of Dendrobium Orchid

Interaction of different media and organic additives showed significant effects on growth and development of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) and subsequent plantlets regeneration of Dendrobium orchid in laboratory conditions. Except the length of shoots and leaves, the highest values of all parameters were obtained from the interaction of Â½MS medium with Sabri banana pulp. However, the longest shoots were found in KC medium with Sabri banana pulp and the longest leaves were found in both KC and Â½MS media with Sabri banana pulp. Key words: Interaction, regeneration, Dendrobium , media and organic additives. Â doi:10.3329/jard.v6i1. 1659 J Agric Rural Dev 6 (1&2), 69-74, June 2008
Cystic Fibrosis Otolaryngologist Perspective

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the secretions from these glands to become thick and viscous. There is a tendency to involve multiple organ systems. This article discusses the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of this problem. This article is written from otolaryngologist's perspective. One component of cystic fibrosis happens to be recurrent nasal polyposis which seems to be resistant to various management modalities. Hence this article focusses on this unique problem.
Job Creation Tax Credits and Job Growth: Evidence from U.S. States

An unemployment rate remaining unacceptably high and monthly job gains barely keeping pace with labor force growth have generated discussions about innovative fiscal policy instruments, such as job creation tax credits (JCTCs), to help stimulate labor demand. This paper studies the effects of JCTCs enacted by U.S. states over the past 20 years. Twenty-three states have adopted JCTCs, and their experiences provide a rich source of information for assessing the effectiveness of such policies. We investigate whether JCTCs affect employment growth before, at, and after the time they go into effect. These questions are investigated in an event study framework applied to monthly panel data on employment, the JCTC effective and legislative dates, and various controls. We find that the employment response to JCTCs depends importantly on whether the credit is anticipated in advance. Anticipated credits tend to have perverse negative effects during the anticipation period and then relatively large positive effects immediately after the credit goes into effect. In contrast, unanticipated credits tend to have positive but relatively modest near-term effects. Based on the sample of unanticipated credits, we find that the JCTC elasticity of employment is 0.28. This estimate suggests that President Obama’s recently proposed JCTC would create 280,000 more jobs and would lower the unemployment rate by 0.1 percentage points.
Modelled thermal and dynamical responses of the middle atmosphere to EPP-induced ozone changes

Abstract. Energetic particles including protons, electrons and heavier ions, enter the Earth's atmosphere over the polar regions of both hemispheres, where they can greatly disturb the chemical composition of the upper and middle atmosphere and contribute to ozone depletion in the stratosphere and mesosphere. The chemistry–climate general circulation model EMAC is used to investigate the impact of changed ozone concentration due to Energetic Particle Precipitation (EPP) on temperature and wind fields. The results of our simulations show that ozone perturbation is a starting point for a chain of processes resulting in temperature and circulation changes over a wide range of latitudes and altitudes. In both hemispheres, as winter progresses the temperature and wind anomalies move downward with time from the mesosphere/upper stratosphere to the lower stratosphere. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), once anomalies of temperature and zonal wind reach the lower stratosphere, another signal develops in mesospheric heights and moves downward. Analyses of Eliassen and Palm (EP) flux divergence show that accelerating or decelerating of the stratospheric zonal flow is in harmony with positive and negative anomalies of the EP flux divergences, respectively. This results suggest that the oscillatory mode in the downwelling signal of temperature and zonal wind in our simulations are the consequence of interaction between the resolved waves in the model and the mean stratospheric flow. Therefore, any changes in the EP flux divergence lead to anomalies in the zonal mean zonal wind which in turn feed back on the propagation of Rossby waves from the troposphere to higher altitudes. The analyses of Rossby waves refractive index show that the EPP-induced ozone anomalies are capable of altering the propagation condition of the planetary-scale Rossby waves in both hemispheres. It is also found that while ozone depletion was confined to mesospheric and stratospheric heights, but it is capable to alter Rossby wave propagation down to tropospheric heights. In response to an accelerated polar vortex in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) late wintertime, we found almost two weeks delay in the occurrence of mean dates of Stratospheric Final Warming (SFW). These results suggest that the stratosphere is not merely a passive sink of wave activity from below, but it plays an active role in determining its own budget of wave activity.
Population Ecology of Uinta Ground Squirrels

The behavior and ecology of Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) at the Utah State University Forestry Field Station northeast of Logan, Utah, were studied 1964-71 to determine the role of behavior in population regulation. In 1968 the population was reduced experimentally to about one-half the previous density. The study area consisted of a lawn area where resident squirrels more than replaced themselves, and an area of mixed shrubs and grasses where they did not. Surplus squirrels from the lawn raised the population density off the lawn. Also, habitat suitabilities varied with population densities. Hence, densities in the two areas were not proportional to habitat preferences. Before the reduction the population density fluctuated widely but the mean change for 5 yr was approximately zero. A potentially high rate of increase was curtailed by disappearance of juveniles and yearlings; juveniles tended to disperse from the natal burrow. The principal changes following the reduction were increases in percentage of yearling squirrels breeding and of juveniles remaining on the study area. Litter size and proportion of adult females breeding did not change significantly, but losses during hibernation, due in part to badger predation, decreased. Dispersal of squirrels from the study area played a key role in population regulation. Dispersers probably suffered higher mortality than sedentary squirrels, but dispersal was not necessarily maladaptive for the individual. Dispersers may have been unable to produce young at high densities; thus emigration offered the only opportunity for reproduction.
Observations of Elevated Convection Initiation Leading to a Surface-Based Squall Line during 13 June IHOP_2002

Abstract The evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) observed during the International H2O Project that took place on the Great Plains of the United States is described. The MCS formed at night in a frontal zone, with four initiation episodes occurring between approximately 0000 and 0400 local time. Radar, radiosonde, and surface data together show that at least three of the initiation episodes were elevated, occurring from moist conditionally unstable layers located above the boundary layer, which had been stabilized by previous MCSs. Initiation occurred in northwest–southeast-oriented lines where a southerly nocturnal low-level jet terminated, generating elevated convergence. One initiation episode was observed using the S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol) and occurred at the intersection of this convergence zone with a propagating wave. Calculations of the Scorer parameter were consistent with wave trapping. Downdrafts from the developing convection generated both waves and bores, w.
KURUTMA SICAKLIĞININ ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEKLERİNİN TOPLAM FENOLİK MADDE İÇERİĞİ VE ANTİOKSİDAN KAPASİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ INFLUENCE OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF GRAPE SEEDS

Uzum cekirdegi, basta sarap olmak uzere meyve suyu ve pekmez urunlerinin uretiminde aciga cikan organik bir atik olup, biyoaktif bilesikler acisindan oldukca zengin olmasi nedeniyle gida formulasyonlarinda fonksiyonel bir gida bileseni olarak degerlendirilmektedir. Bu calisma, kurutma sicakliginin uzum cekirdeklerinde bulunan biyoaktif bilesikler uzerine etkisini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir ve calismada kabin tipi kurutma sisteminde sicak hava ile uc farkli ortam sicakliginda (40, 50 ve 60°C) kurutulan uzum cekirdeklerinin toplam fenolik madde miktari ve antioksidan aktivitesi belirlenmistir. Taze uzum cekirdekleri kurutulmus orneklerle karsilastirildiginda, kurutma isleminin toplam fenolik madde miktarinda azalmaya neden oldugu ve kurutma sicakligi arttikca toplam fenolik madde miktarinin azaldigi gorulmustur. ABTS radikal indirgeme kapasitesi yontemiyle belirlenen Troloks Esdegeri Antioksidan Kapasiteleri (TEAK) taze uzum cekirdeklerinde daha yuksek degerlerde olup uc farkli sicaklikta kurutulan uzum cekirdeklerinde ise birbirine yakin degerlerde bulunmustur. Yapilan calisma sonucunda uzum cekirdeklerinin guclu bir antioksidan kaynagi oldugu ve kurutma islemi sonrasinda da antioksidan ozelligini korudugu gorulmustur. Ancak, fenolik bilesen kayiplarini azaltmak icin kurutma isleminin dusuk sicakliklarda yapilmasinin avantajli oldugu ortaya konulmustur. Grape seed, which is an organic waste arise from production of wine, juice and molasses, is considered as a functional food ingredient in food formulations because of its rich content of bioactive compounds. This study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of air-drying temperature on the bioactive compounds of grape seeds. In the study, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of grape seeds that are dehydrated at different drying temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C) were determined. When comparing the fresh grape seeds with the corresponding dehydrated samples, it was shown that the drying operation led to reduction of total phenolic contents and the total phenolic contents decreased with an increase of the drying temperature. According to ABTS radical scavenging method, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) was found to be highest for fresh grape seeds and presented lower values for grape seeds dried at three different temperatures. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that grape seed is a powerful antioxidant source and it has still high antioxidant activity after drying process. However, drying at low temperatures was put forward to be advantageous in order to reduce the losses of phenolic components.
Th17 Cytokines Modulates Neutrophil Response to Co-Infection with Schistosoma SEA and HCV Core Protein

 Abstract—This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophils in Schistosoma/HCV co-infection in the presence of Th17 cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22). In vitro studies on the effects of SEA antigens of Schistosoma and HCV core protein on healthy neutrophil functions and in vivo studies on effects of co-infection on plasma IL-17 and IL- 22 levels as well as neutrophil mediators; TNF-α and H2O2 levels (using ELISA) were included. A significant decrease in TNF-A production and increase in H2O2 production by (SEA+core) stimulated neutrophils comparing to SEA or core protein was observed. IL-17 significantly increased TNF-α but not hydrogen peroxide. IL-22 significantly increased TNF-α and decreased H2O2. Significant increases in TNF-α and H2O2 levels in coinfected plasma. IL-17 levels were significantly higher and IL-22 level was significantly lower in coinfected plasma comparing to Schistosoma infected plasma. Conclusively, IL-17 and IL-22 have differential effects on Neutrophil response to co-infection with Schistosoma and HCV.
Effects of Surfactant Tween 80 on Forage Degradability and Microbial Growth on the In vitro Rumen Mixed and Pure Cultures

Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial growth in the rumen was examined on the in vitro pure cultures of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, Megasphaera elsidenni, Fibrobacta succinogenes, Ruminanococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Dry matter degradability (DMD), concentrations and compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the most probable number (MPN) of cellulolytic bacteria and total number of bacteria in the presence of Tween 80 were also examined on the in vitro rumen mixed culture either with barley grain or orchardgrass hay. The growth of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, P. ruminicola , M. elsidenni and F. succinogenes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at over 0.05% concentrations of Tween 80 than those of the control cultures, while was not changed with R. albus and R. flavefaciens. With rumen mixed culture the DMD of barley grain and orchardgrass hay was significantly higher (p<0.05) at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 than the control, being reflected in the significantly higher (p<0.05) VFA production (mmol g -1 DDM) with orchardgrass hay. The higher (p<0.05) ratio of propionate to acetate at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 was also observed with orchardgrass hay, showing a similar trend with barley grain. No changes in the total bacterial number and MPN of cellulolytic bacteria were observed. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 5 : 672-676)
Free groups of interval exchange transformations are rare

We study the group IET of all interval exchange transformations. Our first main result is that the group generated by a generic pairs of elements of IET is not free (assuming a suitable irreducibility condition on the underlying permutation). Then we prove that any connected Lie group isomorphic to a subgroup of IET is abelian. Additionally, we show that IET contains no infinite Kazhdan group. We also prove residual finiteness of finitely presented subgroups of IET and give an example of a two-generated subgroup of IET of exponential growth that contains an isomorphic copy of every finite group, and which is therefore not linear.
Impact of Network Size on the Performance of OLSR Routing Protocol using Random Placement model in MANETs

A MANET is a type of infrastructure less wireless network that can change locations and configure itself instantaneously. MANETS being mobile, they use wireless connections to connect to different networks. In this paper we analyze the impact of Network size on the performance of OLSR routing protocol using random placement model in MANETs.