Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modèle de traduction statistique à fragments enrichi par la syntaxe. (A Syntax-Augmented Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation Model)

Les modeles de traduction automatique probabiliste traditionnel ignorent la structure syntaxique des phrases source et cible. Le choix des unites lexicales cible et de leur ordre est controle uniquement par des statistiques de surface sur le corpus d'entrainement. La connaissance de la structure linguistique peut-etre benefique, car elle fournit des informations generiques compensant la pauvrete des donnees directement observables. Nos travaux ont pour but d'etudier l'impact des informations syntaxiques sur un modele de traduction probabiliste de base, fonde sur des fragments, dans le cadre d'un analyseur dependanciel particulier, XIP, dont la performance est bien adaptee a nos besoins. Nous etudions d'abord l'integration des informations syntaxiques dans un but de reclassement des traductions proposees par le modele de base? Nous definissons un ensemble de traits mesurant la similarite entre les structures de dependance source et cible, et des traits de coherence linguistique (bases sur l'analyse cible). L'apprentissage automatique des poids de ces traits permet de detecter leurs importance. L'evaluation manuelle des differents modeles de reclassement nous a permis de montrer le potentiel de ces traits pour ameliorer la qualite des traductions proposees par le modele de base. Ensuite, nous avons propose un modele pour reduire la taille du graphe des hypotheses explore par le modele de base a l'aide de connaissances sur la structure syntaxique source. Nous avons egalement propose une procedure de decomposition d'une phrase source initiale en sous-phrases pour simplifier la tâche de traduction. Les evaluations initiales de ces modeles se sont montrees prometteuses.
Risk factors and characteristics of falls resulting in hip fracture in the elderly.

BACKGROUND Risk factors for injurious falls among elderly people differ from those for falls in general. The characteristics of falls play an important role in determining the risk of hip fracture. OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors associated with the fall characteristics known to be associated with the majority of hip fractures, e.g., a lateral fall and a subsequent impact on the greater trochanter. METHODS In this 6 month prospective observational case-control study, 101 individuals aged 65 years and over hospitalized following a hip fracture were interviewed 7-14 days after the accident. Data were also obtained from medical records, focusing on known predisposing and situational risk factors for the fall. We compared the risk factors between two groups: patients who suffered a lateral fall and subsequent impact on the greater trochanter of the femur, and patients who suffered other types of falls. RESULTS Only 51.5% of the hip fracture patients reported that they had fallen directly to the side. Apart from age, there were no significant differences between the groups in other factors studied. When considering both fall direction and the area that took the main impact, we found that the majority of patients (85%) reported having fallen onto the posterolateral aspect and/or a fall with an impact on the greater trochanter. CONCLUSION Our findings did not show differences (except for age) in the factors studied between the groups. This study suggests that both fall direction and the area that takes the main impact should be considered in the characteristics of falls that might cause a hip fracture. Characteristics associated with greatest fracture risk include a fall onto the posterolateral aspect and/or a fall with an impact on the greater trochanter. More studies are needed to evaluate potential risk factors associated with this type of injury.
Effect of weight loss with reduction of intra-abdominal fat on lipid metabolism in older men.

How weight loss improves lipid levels is poorly understood. Cross-sectional studies have suggested that accumulation of fat in intra-abdominal stores (IAF) may lead to abnormal lipid levels, increased hepatic lipase (HL) activity, and smaller low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. To determine what effect loss of IAF would have on lipid parameters, 21 healthy older men underwent diet-induced weight loss. During a period of weight stability before and after weight loss, subjects underwent studies of body composition, lipids, measurement of postheparin lipoprotein and HL lipase activities, cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, and insulin sensitivity (Si). After an average weight loss of 10%, reductions in fat mass, IAF, and abdominal s.c. fat were seen, accompanied by reductions in levels of triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and HL activity. High density lipoprotein-2 cholesterol and Si increased. In those subjects with pattern B LDL at baseline, LDL particle size increased. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity did not change. Changes in IAF and Si correlated with a decrease in HL activity (although not independently of each other). In summary, in men undergoing diet-induced weight loss, only loss of IAF was found to be associated with a reduction in HL, which is associated with beneficial effects on lipid levels.
Quantitative assessment of brain glucose metabolic rates using in vivo deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Quantitative assessment of cerebral glucose consumption rate (CMRglc) and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (VTCA) is crucial for understanding neuroenergetics under physiopathological conditions. In this study, we report a novel in vivo Deuterium (2H) MRS (DMRS) approach for simultaneously measuring and quantifying CMRglc and VTCA in rat brains at 16.4 Tesla. Following a brief infusion of deuterated glucose, dynamic changes of isotope-labeled glucose, glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and water contents in the brain can be robustly monitored from their well-resolved 2H resonances. Dynamic DMRS glucose and Glx data were employed to determine CMRglc and VTCA concurrently. To test the sensitivity of this method in response to altered glucose metabolism, two brain conditions with different anesthetics were investigated. Increased CMRglc (0.46 vs. 0.28 µmol/g/min) and VTCA (0.96 vs. 0.6 µmol/g/min) were found in rats under morphine as compared to deeper anesthesia using 2% isoflurane. This study demonstrates the feasibility and new utility of the in vivo DMRS approach to assess cerebral glucose metabolic rates at high/ultrahigh field. It provides an alternative MRS tool for in vivo study of metabolic coupling relationship between aerobic and anaerobic glucose metabolisms in brain under physiopathological states.
Analysis methods for evaluating bacterial antimicrobial resistance outcomes.

This article discusses some general considerations when analysing data on antimicrobial resistance, delineate analytical methods that have been used in the analysis of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria, and identify additional methods that may have application. The analytical methods discussed are grouped into the following 6 general categories: descriptive, indices, categorical, nonparametric, multivariate, and analysis of clustered data.
Health-related Quality of Life Measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30: Reference Values From a Large Sample of the Swedish Population

: The EORTC QLQ-C30 Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) questionnaire was completed by 3069/3919 (78%) of a random sample of the Swedish population aged 18-79 years. The aims of the study were to provide normative data on the questionnaire and to investigate differences in HRQOL with respect to age, gender, sociodemographic characteristics and reported chronic health problems. Women had lower scores than men on all but one of the EORTC QLQ-C30 subscales and reported more chronic health problems. The oldest respondents (70-79 years) had a greater degree of impaired HRQOL than the other age groups, with one exception, 'Emotional functioning', in which they scored higher. Unemployed respondents reported poorer HRQOL than employed respondents. Higher income was associated with a more positive assessment of HRQOL. The results of the study present reference values for EORTC QLQ-C30 Version 3 questionnaire and clarify the influence of factors which should be taken into account when planning studies of HRQOL.
Domestic load forecasting using neural network and its use for missing data analysis

Domestic demand prediction is very important for home energy management system and also for peak reduction in power system network. In this work, active and reactive power consumption prediction model is developed and analysed for a typical Southern Norwegian house for hourly power (active and reactive) consumptions and time information as inputs. In the proposed model, a neural network is adopted as a main technique and historical domestic load data of around 2 years are used as input. The available data has some measurement errors and missing segments. Before using the data for training purpose, missing and inaccurate data are considered and then it is used for testing the model. It is observed that the possible reasons of prediction errors may be due to local external parameters (e.g. ambient temperature, moisture, solar radiation etc.). It may be required to include analysis of these external parameters on domestic demand prediction model with peak prediction and timing and this will be carried out in our further work.
The Examination of Process Evaluation Use in Church-Based Health Interventions

Churches have been a popular site for the implementation of health promotion interventions. Although the efficacy of church-based health programs have been established, it is unknown which aspects of church-based health promotion drive health behavior change. Process evaluation is a way to increase our understanding of key components of church-based health promotion and to move the field forward. Thus, a systematic review of the utilization of process evaluation in church-based health programs was conducted. Articles from 1990 to 2008 were screened for eligibility, resulting in the analysis of 67 articles. The majority of church-based health programs assessed recruitment (88.1%) and reach (80.6%). About 28.4% assessed dose delivered, and 27.3% measured dose received. Context and fidelity was assessed by 34.3% and 20.9%, respectively, of church-based interventions. Approximately 9% of church-based programs measured fidelity. On average, only three of seven possible components of process evaluation were measured among the studies reviewed. The number of process evaluation components assessed did not differ by program feature (e.g., target population, target health condition, program objective, etc.). Consistency in the conceptualization and measurement of process evaluation may facilitate the implementation of a comprehensive process evaluation effort in church-based and other health promotion interventions.
High Production of CXCL13 in Blood and Brain During Persistent Infection With the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia turicatae

Relapsing fever (RF) is a multisystemic borrelial infection with frequent neurologic involvement referred to as neuroborreliosis. The absence of an effective antibody response results in persistent infection. To study the consequences to the brain of persistent infection with the RF spirochete Borrelia turicatae, we studied B cell (Igh6−/−) and B and T (Rag1−/−) cell-deficient mice inoculated with isogenic serotypes 1 (Bt1) or 2 (Bt2). We found that Bt1 was more tissue tropic than Bt2, not only for brain but also for heart. Igh6−/− mice developed more severe clinical disease than Rag1−/− mice. Bt1-infected brains had widespread microgliosis/brain macrophage activation despite localization of spirochetes in the leptomeninges rather than the brain parenchyma itself. Oligoarray analysis revealed that CXCL13 was the most upregulated gene in the brain of Bt1-infected Igh6−/− mice. CXCL13 was also the most abundant of the chemokines we measured in infected blood. Persistent infection did not result in injury to the brain. Treatment with exogenous interleukin-10 reduced microgliosis in the brain and production of CXCL13 in the blood. We concluded that brain involvement in B cell-deficient mice persistently infected with B. turicatae is characterized by prominent microgliosis and production of CXCL13 without detectable injury.
Antibody response and risk factors for seropositivity in backyard poultry following mass vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza and Newcastle disease in Indonesia

SUMMARY A large-scale mass vaccination campaign was carried out in Java, Indonesia in an attempt to control outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in backyard flocks and commercial smallholder poultry. Sero-monitoring was conducted in mass vaccination and control areas to assess the proportion of the target population with antibodies against HPAI and Newcastle disease (ND). There were four rounds of vaccination, and samples were collected after each round resulting in a total of 27 293 samples. Sampling was performed irrespective of vaccination status. In the mass vaccination areas, 20–45% of poultry sampled had a positive titre to H5 after each round of vaccination, compared to 2–3% in the control group. In the HPAI + ND vaccination group, 12–25% of the population had positive ND titres, compared to 5–13% in the areas without ND vaccination. The level of seropositivity varied by district, age of the bird, and species (ducks vs. chickens).
Neck muscle responses to abrupt free fall of the head: comparison of normal with labyrinthine‐defective human subjects.

1. EMG responses from sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and orbicularis oculi were recorded in subjects who lay supine with their heads cradled in a sling. When the sling released abruptly, their heads fell freely. Normal and bilateral labyrinthine‐defective subjects (LDs) were studied. 2. The normal response in SCM was a small burst of excitation at 22‐25 ms latency, of 18 ms duration. This merged into a larger, later burst. The drop also produced eye blinks at 22‐38 ms. 3. The onset of the SCM response in LDs was delayed (56‐73 ms) even though the latency of their eye blinks was normal. 4. We conclude that the early response at approximately 22 ms in normal subjects is mediated by a vestibulocollic reflex. The delayed activity in LDs may be a stretch reflex. This is the first demonstration of the latency of the vestibulocollic pathway to natural stimulation in man.
Correlation Approach to Propagation of Terahertz Pulse in Dielectrics for Material Characterization

With Maxwell's wave equation and an auxiliary equation, we devise a novel approach to simulate terahertz (THz) pulse propagation in a typical THz time-domain spectrometer for material diagnostics. This is based on a correlation analysis of experimentally measured THz wave from propagated through the sample and that of a simulated one with material properties as adjustable parameters. The Lorentz model for dielectrics is assumed. Using fused quartz as an example, we find this approach can yield reliable static relative permittivity and optical constants beyond the bandwidth of a THz pulse.
A model‐based initial guess for estimating parameters in systems of ordinary differential equations

The inverse problem of parameter estimation from noisy observations is a major challenge in statistical inference for dynamical systems. Parameter estimation is usually carried out by optimizing some criterion function over the parameter space. Unless the optimization process starts with a good initial guess, the estimation may take an unreasonable amount of time, and may converge to local solutions, if at all. In this article, we introduce a novel technique for generating good initial guesses that can be used by any estimation method. We focus on the fairly general and often applied class of systems linear in the parameters. The new methodology bypasses numerical integration and can handle partially observed systems. We illustrate the performance of the method using simulations and apply it to real data.
Pedestrian tracking with occlusion using a 24 GHz automotive radar

Vulnerable road users, e.g. pedestrians, have a high impact on fatal accident numbers. To reduce these statistics, car manufactures are intensively developing suitable safety systems. Hereby, fast and reliable environment recognition is a major challenge. In this paper we describe a tracking approach that is only based on a 24 GHz radar sensor. While common radar signal processing loses much information, we make use of a track-before-detect filter to incorporate raw measurements. It is explained how the Range-Doppler spectrum can help to indicated pedestrians and stabilize tracking even in occluded scenarios compared to sensors in series.
T-wave reversion in pediatric patients during exercise stress testing.

OBJECTIVE T-wave inversion in lateral electrocardiogram (ECG) leads (II, III, aVF, V4 -V6 ) is suspicious of cardiac pathology in pediatric patients, though many are found to have structurally normal hearts. The purpose of this study is to evaluate T-wave response during exercise stress testing (EST) in pediatric patients with structurally normal hearts and lateral-lead T-wave inversion on resting ECG. DESIGN An IRB-approved, retrospective review of EST databases at two centers identified patients with lateral-lead T-wave inversion on resting ECG. Inclusion criteria were normal exam and echocardiogram, absence of anginal chest pain, and age <18 years. All patients underwent treadmill or cycle ergometer EST. Data recorded included demographics, echocardiogram results, baseline ECG, EST method, peak heart rate and metabolic equivalents (METs), and heart rate and METs at T-wave reversion. T-wave reversion was considered complete if T-waves reverted in all leads, partial if reversion occurred in only some leads, and none if no reversion occurred. RESULTS The search identified 14 patients: nine females and five males (10 Caucasians and four African Americans) and an average age of 16 (range 12-18) years. Complete T-wave reversion occurred in 11 (79%) patients, partial in two (14%), and none in one (7%). Reversion occurred in both genders, ethnicities, and EST methods. No complications occurred during EST; no adverse outcomes occurred during 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS EST in pediatric patients with lateral-lead T-wave inversion on resting ECG and structurally and functionally normal hearts resulted in either complete or partial T-wave reversion in the vast majority of patients.
Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs

Plants and other multicellular organisms consist of many types of specialized cells. Systems‐wide exploration of large‐scale information from singe cell level is essential to understand how cell works. Root hairs, tubular‐shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells, play important roles in the acquisition of nutrients and water, in the interaction with microbe, and in plant anchorage, and represent an ideal model to study the biology of a single cell type. Single cell sampling combined with omics approaches has been applied to study plant root hairs. This review emphasizes the integration of omics approaches towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs, unraveling the common and plant species‐specific properties of root hairs, as well as the concordance of protein and transcript abundance. Understanding plant root hair biology by mining the integrated omics data will provide a way to know how a single cell differentiates, elongates, and functions, which might help molecularly modify crops for developing sustainable agriculture practices.
Advanced Leg Salvage of the Critically Ischemic Leg With Major Tissue Loss by Vascular and Plastic Surgeon Teamwork: Long-term Outcome

Objective:To assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors for extreme surgery by vascular and plastic surgical teamwork for leg salvage in patients with critically ischemic large tissue defects. Summary Background Data:Combined vascular reconstruction and microvascular free-flap transfer has been used to improve distal perfusion and cover large tissue defects caused by the critical limb ischemia (CLI) in few dedicated centers during the past 15 years. Comorbidities compromise the results of these demanding operations, and it is unclear how far this mode of treatment should be extended. Methods:During 1989 to 2003, altogether 2157 vascular or endovascular revascularizations for CLI manifested as tissue lesions were performed. These included 81 revascularizations combined with microvascular free flap transfers in 79 patients (37–85 years). All the patients were candidates for major amputation. The patients were followed up at least 2 years or to death (mean follow-up, 62 months; SD, ±34 months). Results:One- and 5-year leg salvage rates were 73% and 66%, survival rates 91% and 63%, and amputation-free survival rates of 70% and 41%, respectively. Male gender and American Society of Anesthesiologists score 4 were associated with an increased risk of death, whereas the involvement of the heel mostly with calcaneal osteomyelitis and a large size of defect predicted major amputation. Conclusions:A combined vascular reconstruction and free-flap transfer offers an option for advanced limb salvage in a selected group of patients with CLI and a major tissue defect. Poor general condition, the involvement of the heel, and a large defect would indicate an amputation over extreme attempts for limb salvage.
Inhibition of adipogenesis by the stress‐induced protein CHOP (Gadd153).

Adipocytic conversion of 3T3‐L1 cells is dependent on induction of transcription factors from the C/EBP family that activate promoters of adipogenic genes. We find that expression of CHOP, a nuclear protein that dimerizes avidly with C/EBP isoforms alpha and beta and directs the resulting heterodimer away from classic C/EBP‐binding sites, markedly inhibits this differentiation process. Surprisingly, the presence of CHOP early in the differentiation process inhibits C/EBP alpha and beta gene expression. Ectopic expression of C/EBP alpha bypasses the inhibitory effect of CHOP on differentiation, providing further evidence that CHOP action is mediated by inhibition of C/EBP alpha gene expression rather than merely inhibiting the encoded protein's DNA‐binding activity. A similar pattern of attenuated expression of C/EBP alpha and beta is also observed in cells induced to differentiate in media with low glucose concentration. This stressed culture condition is associated with induction of endogenous CHOP and marked attenuation of the differentiation process. Our data suggest that CHOP functions as an inducible inhibitor of adipocytic differentiation in response to metabolic stress. It does so by interfering with the accumulation of adipogenic C/EBP isoforms.
Intranasal immunization using the B subunit of the Escherichia coli heat‐labile toxin fused to an epitope of the Bordetella pertussis P.69 antigen

The plasmid pBRD026, which directs expression of the B subunrt of the Escherichia coli heat‐labile toxin (LTB), was modified so that DNA encoding epitopes could be inserted at the 3 end of the gene. An oligonucleotide linker containing restriction sites for BglH and Spel was inserted at the Spel site at the 3′ end of the LTB gene to form plasmid pFV1. This linker also encodes the amino acid sequence Gly–Pro–Gly–Pro which we propose acts as a ‘hinge’ between the LTB and the foreign epitope. Oligonucleotides specifying an epitope from the Bordetelia pertussis P.69 outer membrane protein were cloned into pFV1 to form pFV169. The resultant fusion protein (LTB69) was partially purified from the periplasm of E. coli strains in a soluble pentameric form which could bind GM1 gangliosides. Mice immunized intranasally with purified LTB69 produced antibodies against both LTB and the P.69 protein. In addition, ELISPOT assays demonstrated the presence of LTB‐specific and P.69‐specific antibody‐secreting cells in the lungs of immunized mice.