Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual progress towards predicting quantitative ecosystem benefits of ecological restorations

Satisfying the needs of mitigation for losses of habitat and biological resources demands further development of ecological theory to improve quantitative predictions of benefits of ecological restoration projects. Several limitations now exist in scaling compensatory restoration to match losses of ecosystem services. Scaling of restoration projects has historically been done by area of habitat, assuming that function follows. One recent development in compensatory mitigation uses a currency of secondary production, which has the important merit of specifying one measurable, functional goal against which to judge success. Future development of the fundamental basis for restoration ecology might profitably include: (1) identifying and quantifying important ecosystem services to serve as alternative goals of restoration; (2) discriminating among size classes in a population in estimating their contributions to ecosystem services; (3) re-evaluating the practice of restoring the populations of only a few representative or dominant species to replace a diversity of species losses; (4) contrasting the success of habitat restorations versus population enhancements; (5) incorporating more landscape- scale considerations into ecosystem-based restoration designs; (6) injecting more formal uncertainty analyses into scaling restoration projects; (7) enhancing the basic science of population, community, and ecosystem ecology to improve the capacity of the discipline to predict impacts of interventions; (8) integrating empirical and theoretical developments in food web dynamics to resolve contradictions in our models of how population changes propagate across trophic levels; and (9) incorporating the concept that populations, communities or ecosystems targeted for restoration may now be in alterna- tive states and that restoration targets have been biased by shifting historical baselines. Forging part- nerships between the practitioners of ecological restoration and basic ecologists holds a dual promise for testing ecological theory and for improving the effectiveness of environmental restoration.
PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE NOT FOR QUOTATION

This paper briefly examines the rationale for creating a database on labour market reforms and looks at the value-added of LABREF (Labour Market Reforms Database) compared to existing datasets. After a description of the database and the information contained therein, the paper provides an overview of reforms enacted by EU Member States in 2000-2006. Exploiting the qualitative character of the information provided by LABREF, the paper builds simple indicators of reform intensity and attempts a characterisation of the reform strategies implemented by the Member States in 2004. The database provides a chronology of policy measures enacted. This is used to quantify the lags with which these measures influence the participation rate of specific target groups. A tentative evaluation of their impact on the older workers’ activity rate is also provided. Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs Labour Market Unit. Corresponding author alfonso.arpaia@cec.eu. int. We would like to thank Etienne Sail for his statistical assistance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors only. No responsibility for them should be attributed to the European Commission.
Eelgrass in the great bay estuary, New Hampshire and Maine: Monitoring eelgrass decline and educating local students

Eelgrass monitoring efforts in the Great Bay Estuary (GBE), New Hampshire and Maine, by the New Hampshire Port Authority Mitigation Project (Chp. II) and Nutrient Pollution Indicator (NPI) testing (Chp. III) both confirmed a recent trend of eelgrass decline within the GBE. The decline has been most noticeable in the mid-estuary, where four major tributaries drain into the GBE. Eelgrass beds in proximity to Portsmouth's wastewater treatment facility have also experienced decline, highlighting the effects of such point sources on the eelgrass population. In an effort to introduce eelgrass, its recent decline and its role in the ecology of the GBE to students in the community, an eelgrass lesson plan was created for local fifth graders (Chp. IV). The experiential lesson was conducted through an outreach event hosted at University of New Hampshire's Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, sharing research with the local community.
Bridge damage detection using ambient traffic and moving force identification

This paper investigates a novel method for damage detection using a moving force identification algorithm. The method aims to detect the changes in the predicted forces applied by vehicles crossing a bridge, which are shown to be sensitive to damage. A two‐dimensional vehicle–bridge interaction model is used in theoretical simulations to assess the effectiveness of the method in detecting changes in stiffness. Fleets of similar vehicles are simulated, and the force pattern of greatest frequency is used as the damage indicator. Results indicate that the method is more sensitive to damage than direct measurements of displacement and can detect a loss in stiffness due to a crack with a depth of as little as 6% of the beam depth. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrogen Uptake in Soils under Different Water Table Depths

A mathematical model was used to examine the interactions of NH4 + transport to rice roots, as well as to calculate root length densities required to relate N uptake to concentrations of NH4 + in solution around the rooting medium for three water treatments: water table 30 cm below the surface, 15 cm below the surface and a flooded system. Measured uptake was greatest for the plants under the 30 cm treatment, followed by the 15 cm treatment, then the flooded treatment. Solution concentrations were highest under the flooded treatment followed by the 30 cm treatment, then the 15 cm treatment. Calculated root length densities were greatest for the plants under the 30 cm water table treatment, followed by those under the 15 cm treatment, then the flooded treatment. Measured root length densities were similarly greatest for the plants under the 30 cm water table treatment, followed by those under the 15 cm water table depth treatment, then the flooded treatment. However, differences between measured and calculated root length densities became significant for all treatments after 30 days of treatment imposition. Transport rates varied with treatments but uptake rates did not reflect these differences in transport rates, thus, transport through the growth medium did not limit uptake of nitrogen by the plants.
THE COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THE COMBINATION OF PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES AND LOCAL CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY AND ALONE PHYSICAL THERAPY IN THE PATIENTS WITH HEMIPLEGIC SHOULDER PAIN

Girifl: Bu çal›flma, hemiplejik omuz a¤r›l› hastalarda lokal kortikosteroid enjeksiyonu ve fizik tedavi modaliteleri kombinasyonunun tek bafl›na fizik tedavi modaliteleri etkinli¤ine üstün olup olmad›¤›n› araflt›rmak amac›yla yap›ld›. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çal›flmaya serebrovasküler bir olay sonras› hemipleji geçiren ve hemiplejiye ba¤l› omuz a¤r›s› geliflen 30 hasta al›nd›. Hastalar rastgele iki gruba ayr›ld›. Birinci gruba (enjeksiyon grubu) konvansiyonel fizik tedavi modaliteleri (hotpack, ultrason, TENS), 15 seans egzersiz tedavisi ve çal›flman›n bafllang›c›nda omuza lokal steroid enjeksiyonu yap›lan 15 kifli al›nd›. ‹kinci gruba (kontrol grubu) sadece konvansiyonel fizik tedavi modaliteleri ve egzersiz tedavisi uyguland›. Hastalar tedavi öncesi, tedavi program›n›n birinci haftas› ve tedavinin bitiminden sonraki 4. haftada olmak üzere toplam üç kez de¤erlendirildi. De¤erlendirmelerde vizüel analog skala, eklem hareket aç›kl›¤› ölçümleri, fonksiyonel ba¤›ms›zl›k ölçe¤i, Brunnstrom üst ekstremite evrelemesi ve modifiye Ashworth skalas› kullan›larak yap›ld›. Bulgular: Tedavi sonras› her iki grupta vizüel analog skala ve eklem hareket aç›kl›¤›, ölçümlerinde, fonksiyonel ve günlük yaflam aktivitelerinde, Brunnstrom motor geliflim de¤erlendirilmesinde istatistiksel olarak anlaml› iyileflemeler ve modifiye Ashworth skalas›na göre spastisitede azalmalar görüldü. Ancak gruplar karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml› bir farkl›l›k yoktu (p>0.05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak lokal kortikosteroid ve fizik tedavi modaliteleri kombinasyonunun sadece fizik tedavi modalitelerine üstünlü¤ü görülmedi. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hemipleji; Omuz A¤r›s›; Fizik Tedavi Modaliteleri. ABSTRACT
Comparative studies on the partial purification and characterization of rhodanese from seed and mesocarp of snake tomatoes (Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.)

Rhodanese enzyme was partially purified and characterized from seed and mesocarp of snake tomato (Trichosanthes cucumerina) using 80% ammonium sulphate precipitation. The enzyme isolated from T. cucumerina mesocarp had a specific activity of 8.8 RU/mg with a percentage yield of 87.8%, while that from T. cucumerina seed had a specific activity of 19.7 RU/mg with a percentage yield of 14.6%. The Km of rhodanese from T. cucumerina mesocarp and seed for sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) and potassium cyanide (KCN) were 12.5 and 10 mM, respectively. The enzyme from both mesocarp and seed was not inhibited by ammonium persulphate and sodium metabisulphite. The optimum temperature for both the seed and the mesocarp rhodanese was 50°C, while the optimum pH was 8.0 and 7.0, respectively. Rhodanese from T. cucumerina mesocarp was not inhibited by the metal ions at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 M, while rhodanese from the seed was inhibited by the metal ions at the two concentrations of each of the salts (KCl, MnCl2, NaCl, NiCl2, ZnCl2 and BaCl2). Key words: Rhodanese, Trichosanthes cucumerina, seed, mesocarp.
An era of governance through performance management – New Labour's National Health Service from 1997 to 2010

In 1997, the New Labour government inherited a ‘crisis’ in the UK National Health Service from the outgoing Conservative government. To address this perceived crisis, New Labour offered investment and, contrary to expectations, further neo-liberal health service reforms. In particular, the government extended the scope of performance management beyond financial numbers to encompass all aspects of managerial and organisational performance. Drawing on an analytics of government framework, this paper demonstrates how reforms were framed and given meaning through a framework of hierarchical accountability and centralised control. These panoptical arrangements relied on performance-management technologies of targets and ratings, which were linked to patient choice and a prospective funding system called ‘Payment by Results’. In turn, these top-down technologies disciplined knowledge, identity, and visibility and control of practice.
Marine debris composition in Batu Pahat, Johor: A comparison between Sungai Lurus and Minyak Beku beaches

The increment of population growth and rapid economic development near the beaches area enhance the generation of marine debris annually thus has become an environmental concern. In BatuPahat, Johor, determination of marine debris compositions on the beach provide a preliminary caution on the level of contamination and also enable to identify the most abundant waste. For this study, a comparison between two beaches namely Sungai Lurus and Minyak Beku in Batu Pahat district and located in the same coastline, were carried out. The composition, density and moisture content of the marine debris collected were determined The results demonstrated that plastic waste was the most abundant item at 80% of the total amount of debris and represents 54% by weight of marine debris composition in Sungai Lurus beach. Meanwhile, glass waste predominates at 60% with 39% by weight of marine debris composition at MinyakBeku beach. The moisture content of debris composition at Minyak Beku beach represents up to 12.61% compared to 8.68% at Sungai Lurus beach. High density of debris composition was obtained at Minyak Beku beach with 94.56kg/m3 followed by 66.15kg/m3at Sungai Lurus beach. As a conclusion, the economic activities and solid waste management along the beaches highly influence the amount of marine debris composition at Sungai Lurus and Minyak Beku beaches. Due to the number of marine debris that is still littered along the beaches has indicated that environmental concerns among Malaysian are still low.
Six priorities proposed for marine biotechnology in Denmark

Six priorities proposed for marine biotechnology in Denmark A survey initiated by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries in 2010 resulted in six priorities for the development of marine biotechnology in Denmark. Business opportunities were suggested and some elements for a successful strategy were proposed. The six priorities are the following: Increased exploitation of marine biomass. In addition to traditional fisheries, full utilisation of all catches and improved utilisation of by-products are suggested. Further, new species of fish and macro algae should be harvested. New farming operations. Aquaculture should be applied in its widest sense. Marine farming has the advantage that it does not impact freshwater resources. If established on land, water should be re-circulated and production limited to high priced species. Healthy diet. Marine fatty acids, proteins, peptides and micronutrients are found in large quantities in marine organisms and should be contained directly or indirectly in the human diet. Discovery of new compounds, materials and biological activities. The large variation of marine organisms and the occurrence under extreme living conditions increase the chances for new commercial viable discoveries. Extraction of valuable biochemical components. Complex structures with special properties can be included in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics and special foods. Biofilm – from ships over the food industry to the interior of the human body. Biofilm is a deposit and growth of organisms on surfaces, usually with consequences unwanted for economical or health reasons.
ANTIDIABETIC PLANTS IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINES: A REVIEW

Plant extracts and their constituents are one of the potential approaches those are used for the prevention and treatment of a huge number of disorders. Herbal products and food supplements are the chief components of plant extracts, those are helpful in retaining healthiness, performing against a range of diseases and they support the quality of being. Diabetes mellitus is, a multi‐factorial chronic metabolic ailment causes high blood glucose level, one of them. The systematic researches of traditional herbal therapies for diabetes give precious leads for the progress of alternative medicines and therapeutic approaches. Alternatives are evidently required due to the incapability of modern approaches to organize all of the pathological aspects of diabetes, and the poor availability and high cost of existing therapies for several country population. This review summarizes traditional plants with verified antidiabetic potential in pre‐clinical and clinical studies for synergistic management of diabetes.
Teaching the Concept of Online Algorithms

The term algorithm is well-defined: It is the formal description of a strategy, which al- ways has to produce a solution for a specific problem. It is probably the most basic concept of computer science and accordingly both the creation and implementation of algorithms are among the most important things students have to learn when dealing with the subject. The situation is usually as follows. Given an input x for some problem P , we are interested in designing an algo- rithm A that reads x, performs calculations depending on x and creates some output A(x) of some predefined form. Conversely, in many practical applications, this model is actually not accurate. Here, at one specific point in time, only parts of the input are known to the algorithm whereas parts of the output are already needed. We call an algorithm handling such a situation an online algorithm. Among the numerous examples for such situations are parts of any operating system, or routing and scheduling problems. To the best of our knowledge, teaching the concept of online scenarios and algorithms to sec- ondary school students only received little attention in the past. However, our experiences show that it catches the students' attention when taught in a comprehensive and motivated way. In this paper, we want to propose a strategy of how to introduce online algorithms by explaining the major ideas to students and we further want to share our experiences.
A Novel Vision-based Location Authentication Approach in a Ubiquitous Camera Environment

Location-based services (LBSs) have been emerging in recent years. Mobile devices with built-in GPS receiver (Global Positioning System), called GPS-enabled mobile devices, will also become an important trend in the near future. Location information and authentication of mobile clients are critical for accessing desired LBSs. In this paper, a novel vision-based approach, called VLocAuth, is proposed to incorporate a ubiquitous camera (UbiCam) environment for location authentication. The operation of VLocAuth relies on three kinds of servers, including LBS server, authentication server (AS), and camera server (CS). VLocAuth consists of two phases: initialization and location authentication phases. In the initialization phase, a mobile client requests user identification and related information from LBS server via a secure channel. In the location authentication phase, a temporal identification provided by LBS server is used for data communication among the client, AS, and CS to achieve privacy protection. Then, CS authenticates the location of a mobile client by matching the location and the moving objects in the real-time camera image to ensure the client at the location of the GPS coordinates. The security analysis shows that VLocAuth is secure against replay attack and man-in-the-middle attack. It also satisfies unforgeability, privacy, confidentially, integrity, simplicity, and practicability requirements. A simulation study is designed to show the influence of a node density, type of GPS receiver, and a network delay on VLocAuth. Besides, a matching tool is implemented for measuring the time of the key matching step of VLocAuth in a practical environment. These results show that VLocAuth is feasible for location authentication and meets the trend of UbiCam environment in the near future.
The Effects of Learners' Cognitive Styles and Article Structure Diagram on English Reading

Based on the characteristics that students can not allocate attentional resources in English reading comprehensively, this study uses the experimental method to study the effect of the article structure diagram on understanding and maintaining various types of information for non-English majors in different cognitive styles.The results indicate that: (1) Signals can effectively improve the student’s understanding and reserving text’s information. In reading text, the signal effects are evident. (2) There are differences in the understanding and reserving different types’ information for readers of different cognitive styles. The text marked by incomplete signals resulted in the increase of the subordinate information for both field-dependent and field-independent readers, and the increase of the structured information for field-dependent readers. The text marked by complete signals resulted in the increase of the structured information for field-dependent readers and the increase of the subordinate informations for field-independent readers. Field-independent readers have a better performance in reserving the structured information in the condition of no signal.
The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for complete Riemannian manifolds with boundary

We study the problem of determining a complete Riemannian manifold with boundary from the Cauchy data of harmonic functions. This problem arises in electrical impedance tomography, where one tries to find an unknown conductivity inside a given body from measurements done on the boundary of the body. Here, we show that one can reconstruct a complete, real-analytic, Riemannian manifold M with compact boundary from the set of Cauchy data, given on a non-empty open subset Γ of the boundary, of all harmonic functions with Dirichlet data supported in Γ, provided dim M ≥ 3. We note that for this result we need no assumption on the topology of the manifold other than connectedness, nor do we need a priori knowledge of all of ∂M .
The Spreading of Information in Online Social Networks through Cellular Automata

Epidemic dynamics in complex networks have been extensively studied. Due to the similarity between information and disease spreading, most studies on information dynamics use epidemic models and merely consider the characteristics of online social networks and individual’s cognitive. In this paper, we propose an online social networks information spreading (OSIS) model combining epidemic models and individual’s cognitive psychology. Then we design a cellular automata (CA) method to provide a computational method for OSIS. Finally, we use OSIS and CA to simulate the spreading and evolution of information in online social networks. The experimental results indicate that OSIS is effective. Firstly, individual’s cognition affects online information spreading. When infection rate is low, it prevents the spreading, whereas when infection rate is sufficiently high, it promotes transmission. Secondly, the explosion of online social network scale and the convenience of we-media greatly increase the ability of information dissemination. Lastly, the demise of information is affected by both time and heat decay rather than probability. We believe that these findings are in the right direction for perceiving information spreading in online social networks and useful for public management policymakers seeking to design efficient programs.
Stationary high-performance discharges in the DIII-D tokamak

Discharges which can satisfy the high gain goals of burning plasma experiments have been demonstrated in the DIII-D tokamak under stationary conditions at relatively low plasma current (q95>4). A figure of merit for fusion gain (? NH89/q952) has been maintained at values corresponding to Q = 10 operation in a burning plasma for >6? s or 36? E and 2? R. The key element is the relaxation of the current profile to a stationary state with qmin>1. In the absence of sawteeth and fishbones, stable operation has been achieved up to the estimated no-wall ? limit. Feedback control of the energy content and particle inventory allow reproducible, stationary operation. The particle inventory is controlled by gas fuelling and active pumping; the wall plays only a small role in the particle balance. The reduced current lessens significantly the potential for structural damage in the event of a major disruption. In addition, the pulse length capability is greatly increased, which is essential for a technology testing phase of a burning plasma experiment where fluence (duty cycle) is important.