Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enlightenment, orientation and conduct among Indian occupiers

To assess the level of oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour among Indian population in relation to location and demographic characteristics. This is a cross-sectional study including urban and rural subgroups of population by random sampling method. The study population consisting of 1760 subjects, of which 929 (52.8%) belong to rural area and 831 (47.2%) to urban area. A self administered structured questionnaire including 23 dichotomous questions pretested through a pilot survey was used in the study. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 15.0. The Student’s T-test and ANOVA test were used as test of significance. Karl Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the relation of oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour. The mean score for oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour were significantly higher in urban population as compared to rural population (p<0.05). A linear relationship was found between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and behaviour, and behaviour and attitude using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Within the confines of this study it can be concluded that oral health awareness needs to be increased with especial focus on rural population. Health authorities should strengthen the implementation of oral disease prevention and health promotion programmes rather than traditional curative care.
INVESTIGATION OF U-SHAPED GLASS ROD BASED INTENSITY MODULATED EXTRINSIC FIBER OPTIC SENSOR TO DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR

In the present paper an intensity modulated extrinsic fiber optic evanescent wave sensor for the detection of content of sugar present in the solution of sugar mixed in Distil Water is presented. In the experimental setup two PCS fibers of 200/230μm dia, a Bench mark optical power meter, a light source operating at 630nm and a U-shaped glass rod of 0.5mm dia have been used. The U-shaped glass rod as an extrinsic sensing element was connected between light source and the power meter using two PCS fibers of 50cm length each. Fixing the height of immersion of U-shaped glass rod as 1cm, the power launched from the source and the power reaching the output detector was noted. With this immersion height the power was noted for various concentration of the sugar mixed in water. At the same time the refractive indices of the solutions with different concentration of sugar were determined by using Digital Refractometer (RX 7000i) operated at 5893Å. As the refractive index of the solution increases the output power decreases. This was repeated for various heights of immersion (2cm, 3cm) in the sugar solution. This sensor can be used in sugar industry and also in the civilian and consumer applications for the ready detection of the concentration of the sugar in various solutions.
Thrombo-angitis obliterans: a clinico-pathological study

Background: Thrombo-angitis obliterans (TAO) is a disease of young and middle aged individuals who are addicted to smoking from early teens. Greater awareness should be created among the general population regarding smoking, as it is the major cause of TAO. Early diagnosis and management is essential as it is a self limiting disease with complete cessation of smoking. Methods: 50 patients of TAO were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected by history, clinical examination and radiological investigation. Patients were treated with conservative management, lumbar sympathectomy, cervical sympathectomy, disarticulation and amputation. Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 30-40 years. All the patients were males belonging to low socio-economic status and chronic smokers. Most of them had right lower limb involvement and presented with rest pain with intermittent claudication. Majority of them were manual workers. 80% of the patients had low temperature in the affected limb. 96% of the patients had dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries involvement. 44 patients underwent lumbar sympathectomy. Ischaemic ulcer healed in 56% of these patients, colour changes improved in 78% and rest pain improved in 42%. Conclusions: TAO was common in males aged 30-40 years belonging to low socio-economic status. Lower limb was commonly involved. Smoking has a definite role in the development of TAO. Pain was the predominant complaint. Manual labourers were commonly affected. Medium to small calibre vessels were involved. Majority of the patients were treated by lumbar sympathectomy.
Ethics in non-surgical aesthetic medicine: practising safely and appropriately

Despite the recommendations made by Sir Bruce Keogh's 2013 report on the regulation of non-surgical cosmetic interventions, the sector remains rife with cases of unethical practice. All registered health professionals, including nurses, must adhere to ethical principles when providing care. Fiona Wondergem considers ways in which aesthetic practice can be underpinned by professional values and ethics
How Can Comprehensive School Reform Models Be Successfully Implemented?

Comprehensive school reform, or CSR, a currently a popular approach to school improvement, is intended to foster schoolwide change that affects all aspects of schooling (e.g., curriculum, instruction, organization, professional development, and parent involvement). Federal, state, and local legislation and funding have supported CSR implementation, and in 1997 Congress enacted the Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration program, which gives financial support to schools adopting such reforms. This article reviews and synthesizes the literature that documents CSR implementation, positing that the more specific, consistent, authoritative, powerful, and stable a policy is, the stronger its implementation will be. It finds that all five policy attributes contribute to implementation; in particular, specificity is related to implementation fidelity, power to immediate implementation effects, and consistency, authority, and stability to long-lasting change.
Creating nimum rm ractice ( ): a concept for Mi Ha P MiHaP continuous improvement (version 1; referees: 2 approved)

The author asks for the attention of leaders and all other stakeholders to calls of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Institute of Medicine (IOM), and the UK National Health Service (NHS) to promote continuous learning to reduce harm to patients. This paper presents a concept for structured bottom-up methodology that enables and empowers all stakeholders to identify, prioritize, and address safety challenges. This methodology takes advantage of the memory of the experiences of all persons involved in providing care. It respects and responds to the uniqueness of each setting by empowering and motivating all team members to commit to harm reduction. It is based on previously published work on “Best Practices Research (BPR)” and on “Systematic Appraisal of Risk and Its Management for Error Reduction (SARAIMER)”. The latter approach, has been shown by the author (with Agency for Healthcare AHRQ) support), to reduce adverse events and their Research and Quality ( severity through empowerment, ownership and work satisfaction. The author puts forward a strategy for leaders to implement, in response to national and international calls for Better health, Better care, and Better value (the 3B’s of healthcare) in the US
Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD)

Neuroendocrine activation is known to occur in patients with congestive heart failure, but there is uncertainty as to whether this occurs before or after the presence of overt symptoms. In the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD), a multicenter study of patients with ejection fractions of 35% or less, we compared baseline plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, plasma atrial natriuretic factor, and plasma arginine vasopressin in 56 control subjects, 151 patients with left ventricular dysfunction (no overt heart failure), and 81 patients with overt heart failure before randomization. Median values for plasma norepinephrine (p=9.0001), plasma atrial natriuretic factor (p<0.0001), plasma arginine vasopressin (p=0.006), and plasma renin activity (p=0.03) were significantly higher in patients with left ventricular dysfunction than in normal control subjects. Neuroendocrine values were highest in patients with overt heart failure. Plasma renin activity was normal in patients with left ventricular dysfunction without heart failure who were not receiving diuretics and was significantly increased (p<0.05) in patients on diuretic therapy. We conclude that neuroendocrine activation occurs in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and no heart failure. Neuroendocrine activation is further increased as overt heart failure ensues and diuretics are added to therapy. (Circulation 1990;82:1724-1729)
When Is a Loss Really a Gain?

A number of studies have demonstrated a linkage between renal dysfunction and adverse clinical outcomes in both acute and chronic heart failure.1–3 Heart failure treatments can affect renal function in a variety of ways, with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during treatment often denoting a poorer prognosis.4–6 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce GFR through intrarenal mechanisms yet convey reduced rates of morbidity and mortality, presenting the hypothesis that the association between change in GFR and clinical outcomes depends on the factors that drive that change more than on GFR itself. In this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure, Testani et al7 present evidence that supports this hypothesis, showing that within the SOLVD (Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction) study, early reduction in GFR was associated with increased mortality within the placebo group but not in the enalapril group. It is reasonable to conclude that inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduces GFR through a mechanism that does not convey an adverse prognosis. In evaluating new therapies, focus should be placed on clarifying the pathways through which agents influence renal function.
P-Glycoprotein efflux reduces the brain concentration of the substance P (NK1 receptor) antagonists SR140333 and GR205171: a comparative study using mdr1a– / – and mdr1a+ /+ mice

Investigation of the antidepressant-like actions of substance P (NK1 receptor) antagonists has been hindered by the few available compounds that bind with high affinity to the rat and mouse NK1 receptor, as these are the most commonly used preclinical species. The best available compounds for such studies are SR140333 and GR205171. However, SR140333 does not penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic administration, and GR205171 is active only at high doses, where unspecific pharmacological effects occur, so that changes in behaviour cannot be attributed to selective NK1 receptor blockade. These compounds may be substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and hence are actively excluded from the brain. The present studies used mdr1a – / – mice, a spontaneously occurring mutant that is deficient in P-gp, to examine the CNS penetration of SR140333 and GR205171. Following systemic administration of SR140333 and GR205171 (0.01–10mg/kg i.v.), considerably higher drug concentrations were achieved in the brains of mdr1a – / – than in mdr1a+ /+ mice, and this corresponded with a greater ability to inhibit NK1-agonist-induced behaviours in the mdr1a– / – mutants. Moreover, an NK1-receptorspecific inhibition of aggressive behaviour by GR205171 (10mg/kg) could be demonstrated in mdr1a– / – , but not mdr1a+ /+ , mice. These findings suggest that P-gp deficient mice may have useful applications in behavioural pharmacology studies, especially when highly brainpenetrant compounds are not yet available. Behavioural Pharmacology 14:457–463 c 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Improving Quality of Life in Heart Failure

Among the estimated 5.7 million people living with heart failure (HF) in the United States, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF) or mildly reduced left ventricular dysfunction represents approximately 90% of women and 70% of men.1 Although patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction may have worse mortality,2 other outcomes are similar including impaired quality of life.3 Although this HF-PEF population has a higher representation of women, elderly and minorities, there is an underrepresentation of randomized clinical trials to determine therapies that may improve outcomes. Thus, trends in mortality have remained unchanged in this population despite improvements in mortality among the patients with HF with low ejection fraction in epidemiology cohorts.4 The increase in hospitalization rates for acute decompensated HF, overall costs of managing these complex patients, and high prevalence in the general population5 support the expanded efforts of researchers to determine novel interventions for improving outcomes. In addition to reducing mortality and hospitalizations, increasing exercise capacity, and attenuating disease progression, improving the patient’s sense of well-being is an additional important goal of novel therapy.
IDH1 R132H protein expression and loss of Tbx2 and pSTAT3 proteins predict better outcome of patients with high-grade astrocytoma

Background Astrocytoma is the most common primary tumor of the brain. High-grade astrocytomas are aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Biomarkers that predict patient outcome and response to a specific treatment will provide patients with personalized estimation of prognosis and customized therapeutic regimens with maximal effectiveness and minimal toxicity. Aim The aim of this work was to explore the ability of the expression of IDH1 R132H, pSTAT3, and Tbx2 proteins to predict outcome of patients with high-grade astrocytoma. Materials and methods The expression of IDH1 R132H, pSTAT3, and Tbx2 proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 41 high-grade astrocytoma cases. They were correlated with patients’ clinicopathological features, recurrence-free survival, overall survival (OS), and response to therapy. Results A significant direct association was observed between IDH1 R132H immunoreactivity and response to TMZ therapy (P=0.01), better progression-free survival (PFS) as well as OS (P<0.001). The expression of both Tbx2 and pSTAT3 proteins was inversely correlated with response to TMZ therapy (P=0.019 and 0.014, respectively). Survival analysis revealed that Tbx2 and pSTAT3 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with shorter PFS (P=0.021 and 0.047, respectively), as well as poor OS (P=0.005 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion IDH1 R132H protein expression and loss of Tbx2 and pSTAT3 proteins are associated with prolonged PFS and OS and better response to TMZ chemotherapy.
Evaluation of Factors Related to the First Deciduous Tooth Eruption Time in Infants Born in Hamadan, Iran

Background: Pattern of tooth eruption (TE) may vary in different communities and may be affected by many factors. It also may cause nutritional problems in infants and anxiety in parents. The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between birth weight and other factors contributing to the time of the first TE. Methods: The current study employed the multistage sampling method to select 126 infants admitted to the health centers of Hamadan, Iran. Health records of infants were listed and relevant information was collected using a questionnaire and interviewing the parents. The tooth emergence was considered as TE in the current study. Finally, the recruited infants were examined for the eruption of the first primary tooth. Descriptive, linear, and the curve regression tests were used with SPSS version 16. Results: Despite the significant differences in weight and height between male and female infants, no significant relationship was observed between time of the first primary TE and most of the studied variables. Height, feeding with formula, family income, and mother’s age had inverse effects on TE time. Infants who were fed with synthetic formula milk had earlier TE. Eruption sign and infant height had the most effects on delayed TE. Conclusions: No significant relationship was observed between the eruption time of the first primary tooth and the studied variables. Nevertheless, there was a significant association between the infant’s height and time of the first primary TE.
Ischemia – reperfusion-induced lung injury : Could hypercapnia have a therapeutic role ?

1. Macrez R, Carine A, Toutirais O, et al: Stroke and the immune system: From pathophysiology to new therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10:471–480 2. Aronowski J, Zhao X: Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral hemorrhage: Secondary brain injury. Stroke 2011; 42:1781–1786 3. Dallas ML, Boyle JP, Milligan CJ, et al: Carbon monoxide protects against oxidantinduced apoptosis via inhibition of Kv2.1. Faseb J 2011; 25:1519–1530 4. Wang J: Preclinical and clinical research on inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 92:463–477 5. Bauer M, Huse K, Settmacher U, et al: The heme oxygenase–carbon monoxide system: Regulation and role in stress response and organ failure. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 640–648 6. Clark JF, Sharp FR: Bilirubin oxidation products (BOXes) and their role in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26: 1223–1233 7. Hou S, Xu R, Clark JF, et al: Bilirubin oxidation end products directly alter K channels important in the regulation of vascular tone. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31: 102–112 8. Brouard S, Otterbein LE, Anrather J, et al: Carbon monoxide generated by heme oxygenase 1 suppresses endothelial cell apoptosis. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1015–1026 9. Otterbein LE, Bach FH, Alam J, et al: Carbon monoxide has anti-inflammatory effects involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Nat Med 2000; 6:422–428 10. Bauer M, Pannen BH, Bauer I, et al: Evidence for a functional link between stress response and vascular control in hepatic portal circulation. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: G929 –G935 11. Clark JE, Naughton P, Shurey S, et al: Cardioprotective actions by a water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule. Circ Res 2003; 93:e2–e8 12. Jara-Oseguera A, Ishida IG, Rangel-Yescas GE, et al: Uncoupling charge movement from channel opening in voltage-gated potassium channels by ruthenium complexes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16414 –16425 13. Yabluchanskiy A, Sawle P, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, et al: CORM-3, a carbon monoxidereleasing molecule, alters the inflammatory response and reduces brain damage in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:544–552 14. Mayr FB, Spiel A, Leitner J, et al: Effects of carbon monoxide inhalation during experimental endotoxemia in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:354 –360
Computer-assisted decision making in burns fluid resuscitation

1. Yunos NM, Kim IB, Bellomo R, et al: The biochemical effects of restricting chloriderich fluids in intensive care. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2419–2424 2. Nakagawa M, Suzuki K, Takahashi F, et al: Comparison of the alkalizing effects of bicarbonate precursors in calves with experimentally induced metabolic acidosis. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:807–809 3. Stadlbauer V, Wallner S, Stojakovic T, et al: Comparison of 3 different multianalyte pointof-care devices during clinical routine on a medical intensive care unit. J Crit Care 2011; 26:433.e1–11 4. Nguyen BV, Vincent JL, Hamm JB, et al: The reproducibility of Stewart parameters for acidbase diagnosis using two central laboratory analyzers. Anesth Analg 2009; 109:1517–1523 5. Fencl V, Leith DE: Stewart’s quantitative acidbase chemistry: Applications in biology and medicine. Respir Physiol 1993; 91:1–16 6. Wilcox CS: Regulation of renal blood flow by plasma chloride. J Clin Invest 1983; 71:726–735 7. Reid F, Lobo DN, Williams RN, et al: (Ab)normal saline and physiological Hartmann’s solution: A randomized double-blind crossover study. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 104:17–24
The novel cannabinoid agonist AM 411 produces a biphasic effect on accuracy in a visual target detection task in rats

Cannabinoid agonists have been shown to produce dose-related impairments in several measures of cognitive performance. However, it is unclear if low doses of cannabinoid CB1 agonists, or CB1 antagonists, can facilitate aspects of stimulus detection. The present study employed an operant procedure involving visual stimulus detection in rats. The task was found to be sensitive to the muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist scopolamine. The CB1 antagonist AM 251 did not affect stimulus detection processes across a broad range of doses. However, the novel CB1 agonist AM 411 produced a biphasic effect, with the two lowest doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) enhancing accuracy. AM 411 changed patterns of responding toward runs of consecutive errors on only one of the two levers. It produced a biphasic effect on consecutive errors on the lever associated with a higher level of errors, with decreases in errors following the lower doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) and increases following the highest dose (2.0 mg/kg). These effects were not accompanied by changes in measures of bias commonly used to uncover such patterns in rodent operant models of cognitive performance. In contrast to the cognitive impairment seen after administration of moderate to high doses of CB1 agonists, it appears that low doses of some CB1 agonists may be capable of enhancing stimulus detection processes. Behavioural Pharmacology 16:477–486 c 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Incorporating services for common mental disorders and substance use disorders for people living with HIV along the HIV treatment cascade

The prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are higher in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population. Numerous studies have shown the high negative impact of these disorders on HIV clinical outcomes for PLHIV and the continued lack of services for CMDs and SUDs in HIV care and treatment programs, particularly in resource limited settings. The provision of services for CMDs/SUDs along the HIV care and treatment continuum provides a platform for better clinical outcomes that can substantially impact HIV epidemic control. Development and analysis of the HIV treatment cascade (number of PLHIV, number of diagnosed PLHIV, number PLHIV receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), and number of PLHIV with suppressed viral load) for PLHIV with CMDs and SUDs can provide important data on the efficacy and impact of the services for CMDs and SUDs, as well as, reveal gaps in care and services. Integration or co-location into HIV primary care of effective evidence-based services for CMDs and SUDs provide the best platform for addressing both CMDs/SUDs and HIV infection for PLHIV. Incorporating services for common mental disorders and substance use disorders for people living with HIV along the HIV treatment cascade
C-MET mRNA expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and stromal tissue: Prognostic and therapeutic implications.

e15199 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies. The c-MET oncogene plays a crucial role in mediating local invasion, systemic dissemination and resistance in this cancer. The genetic makeup of surrounding stromal tissue has shown to be relevant for drug delivery in pancreatic cancer as exemplified by nab-paclitaxel binding to the stromal protein SPARK. In this study we investigated c-MET mRNA expression patterns in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and stromal tissue in patients with clinical outcome information. Methods: FFPE tumor specimens from patients with resectable pancreatic cancer that underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine were evaluated. C-MET mRNA expression results could be obtained for 25 cases in tumor and 19 cases in stromal tissue as not all samples were sufficient in quality and quantity for microdissection and mRNA analysis. Specifically designed primers and probes were used to detect mRNA c-MET expression levels.