Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Las TIC como herramienta para fortalecer el aprendizaje colaborativo, en las IES

Los avances tecnologicos actualmente se han ubicado en todos los ambitos de la sociedad, de ahi que las instituciones de educacion superior han tenido que enlazar el uso de las TIC a sus procesos de ensenanza aprendizaje, esto obliga a los docentes a mantener una actitud positiva y consiente respecto a una epoca de cambio que implica su actualizacion y adaptacion en el uso de las TIC para crear ambientes colaborativos que propicien un mayor aprovechamiento academico en sus alumnos. El objetivo de esta investigacion, es realizar un analisis del impacto que ha tenido la tecnica didactica del aprendizaje colaborativo en los procesos educativos de ensenanza-aprendizaje y de como esta tecnica ha influido en la labor del docente en el aula e identificar el potencial del uso de herramientas tecnologicas tanto por profesores como alumnos. La naturaleza de la investigacion es eminentemente conceptual basada en revision de literatura y estudios empiricos. En una primera parte se aborda el tema de aprendizaje colaborativo, en seguida las TIC en los procesos de ensenanza, aprendizaje y por ultimo el aprendizaje en las instituciones de educacion superior (IES), conclusiones, recomendaciones y futuras lineas de investigacion.
A Portion of Inhibitory Neurons in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy are Functionally Upregulated: An Endogenous Mechanism for Seizure Termination

Epilepsy is one of the more common neurological disorders. The medication is often ineffective to the patients suffering from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). As their seizures are usually self‐terminated, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying endogenous seizure termination will help to find a new strategy for epilepsy treatment. We aim to examine the role of inhibitory interneurons in endogenous seizure termination in TLE patients.
Fuel gas production from catalytic pyrolysis of palm oil wastes using the nano-nio/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The catalytic pyrolysis of palm oil wastes for fuel gas production was experimentally investigated in a combined fixed bed reactor using the developed nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The results indicated that the nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst had greater activity for the cracking of tar in vapor and of hydrocarbons and a higher hydrogen yield than the commercial nickel-based catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis of palm oil wastes. Meanwhile, a series of experiments have been performed to explore the effects of temperature and biomass particle size on gas composition and gas yield. The experiments demonstrated that temperature was the most important factor in this process, higher temperature contributed to more hydrogen production and gas yield. It was also shown that a smaller particle was more favorable for gas quality and yield.
Targeting immunosuppression after standard sorafenib treatment to facilitate immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma – an auto-commentary on clinical potential and future development

Immunotherapy has shown great promise to transform solid cancer treatment. The challenge is to optimally incorporate novel immunotherapeutics, such as immune checkpoint blockers, with standard therapies. This is well exemplified by multimodal therapies recently developed for liver cancer in which immunomodulation using CXCR4 inhibition prevented immunosuppression and enhanced sorafenib and anti-PD-1 therapeutic outcome.
Region‐dependent regulation of mesoaccumbens dopamine neurons in vivo by the constitutive activity of central serotonin2C receptors

Central serotonin2C receptors (5‐HT2CRs) control the mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) pathway. This control involves the constitutive activity (CA) of 5‐HT2CRs, and is thought to engage regionally distinct populations of 5‐HT2CRs, leading to opposite functional effects. Here, using in vivo microdialysis in halothane‐anesthetized rats, we investigated the relative contribution of ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAc) 5‐HT2CRs in the phasic/tonic control of accumbal DA release, to specifically identify the nature (inhibition/excitation) of the control, and the role of the 5‐HT2CR CA. Intra‐VTA injections of the selective 5‐HT2CR antagonists SB 242084 and/or SB 243213 (0.1–0.5 µg/0.2 µL) prevented the decrease in accumbal DA outflow induced by the 5‐HT2CR agonist Ro 60–0175 (3 mg/kg, i.p), but did not affect the increase in DA outflow induced by the 5‐HT2CR inverse agonist SB 206553 (5 mg/kg, i.p). Intra‐NAc infusions of SB 242084 (0.1–1 µm) blocked Ro 60–0175‐ and SB 206553‐induced changes of DA outflow. Intra‐NAc, but not intra‐VTA administration of SB 206553 increased basal DA outflow. These findings demonstrate that both VTA and NAc 5‐HT2CRs participate in the inhibitory control exerted by 5‐HT2CRs on accumbal DA release, and that the NAc shell may represent a primary action site for the CA of 5‐HT2CRs.
Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history

Abstract Forest dynamics is highly relevant to a broad range of earth science studies, many of which have geographic coverage ranging from regional to global scales. While the temporally dense Landsat acquisitions available in many regions provide a unique opportunity for understanding forest disturbance history dating back to 1972, large quantities of Landsat images will need to be analysed for studies at regional to global scales. This will not only require effective change detection algorithms, but also highly automated, high level preprocessing capabilities to produce images with subpixel geolocation accuracies and best achievable radiometric consistency, a status called imagery-ready-to-use (IRU). This paper describes a streamlined approach for producing IRU quality Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). This approach consists of an image selection protocol, high level preprocessing algorithms and IRU quality verification procedures. The high level preprocessing algorithms include updated radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction for calculating surface reflectance and precision registration and orthorectification routines for improving geolocation accuracy. These automated routines have been implemented in the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive System (LEDAPS) designed for processing large quantities of Landsat images. Some characteristics of the LTSS developed using this approach are discussed.
Colorectal cancer: does early detection matter?

It is not within the scope of an editorial to completely review all the literature on the subject, but this will be an attempt to summarise the topic by addressing the following five points. #### (1) Does the early detection of colorectal neoplasia in the asymptomatic average risk population change the amount of morbidity and mortality from this disease? The survival from colorectal cancer is related directly to the degree of malignant invasion through the bowel wall that has occurred by the time of diagnosis and treatment. Only about 50% of all patients, symptomatic at the time of their diagnosis, will be alive five years after treatment (surgery and oncological treatment). In contrast, all three large scale population randomised trials of faecal occult blood screening, in the UK, USA and Scandinavia, have demonstrated a significant reduction of 15%–30% in mortality caused by colorectal cancer.1-3 This increased survival was due to detecting more asymptomatic persons with early stage, less invasive, and therefore a surgically curable disease. Each study used a slightly different screening protocol (annual or biennial screening, or by using non-hydrated or rehydrated faecal occult blood tests); even so, all these studies demonstrated the benefit of screening. Suffice it to say, that since then, there have been further refinements of the faecal occult blood test screening methodology, which can only increase the medical benefits.4 #### (2) If screening does reduce mortality then, at this time, what screening tests can we use to detect colorectal cancer? The guaiac faecal occult blood test is a cheap and simple but indirect test for human haemoglobin, which is assumed to come from a bleeding large bowel neoplasm. There have been improvements made to these tests in terms …
Implementation of an Ability-Based Training Program in Police Force Recruits

Abstract Orr, RM, Ford, K, and Stierli, M. Implementation of an ability-based training program in police force recruits. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2781–2787, 2016—Currently, police recruit physical training programs generally use group-based runs of a “1 size fit all” approach. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an ability-based training (ABT) program, as derived from the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Assessment, on the metabolic fitness and injury rates of police recruits undergoing basic training. Police recruits completing two different stages of training (session 1: n = 54 and session 2: n = 233) were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG) (standard group running) or an intervention group (IG) (ABT program). Physical training was completed once a week over a 10-week period. Aerobic fitness was measured through 20-m progressive shuttle run test performance. Injury data were captured through formal accident and incident forms. Results found that aerobic fitness was maintained but not significantly improved in both groups for session 1, with no significant differences between the groups after training. In session 2, both groups significantly improved their aerobic fitness (p < 0.001), whereas the IG to a greater degree, with no significant differences between the groups after training. There were no significant differences in injury rates between groups (session 1: &khgr;2(1) = 1.533, p = 0.216; session 2: &khgr;2(1) = 1.252, p = 0.263). However, the IGs had a significantly lower relative risk (RR) of injury when compared with the CGs (group 1: RR = 0.31, p = 0.28; group 2: RR = 0.59, p = 0.24). The results suggest that coaches may benefit from implementing ABT programs in tactical populations and achieve the same or better fitness gains with a lower risk of injuring recruits.
Blockade of the acquisition of cocaine self‐administration by the NMDA antagonist MK‐801 (dizocilpine)

In an attempt to assess the contribution of the NMDA receptor system to the development of cocaine self-administration, acquisition of intravenous self-administration (0.25 mg/kg/infusion) was assessed in rats that received pretreatment with MK-801 (0.0, 0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg). For control rats, reliable self-administration was obtained in 3–8 days of testing. These rats rapidly discriminated between depression of a lever that resulted in the delivery of cocaine and an inactive lever. Within the initial 10 day test period, most of the rats pretreated with MK-801 failed to acquire a preference for an active lever which, when depressed, resulted in a cocaine infusion: responding was generally high on both the cocaine reinforced and inactive lever. For six rats, MK-801 treatment was discontinued after 10 days. Although some of these rats had received substantial exposure to cocaine during the initial 10 days, self-administration subsequent to the termination of treatment progressed either with a time course comparable to cocaine-naive rats, or not at all. For rats that continued to receive MK-801 treatment, most failed to acquire reliable self-administration within the 18 day test period. These data suggest that the glutamatergic NMDA receptor system plays an important role in the establishment of cocaine as an effective reinforcer.
Plant Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase in Adaptation of Plants to Abiotic Stresses

H+-ATPase is a major enzyme protein of the plant plasma membrane (PM). This protein belongs to a large superfamily of pumps termed P-type ATPases. A characteristic feature of P-ATPases is the formation of a phosphorylated intermediate during the catalytic cycle. Ptype ATPase genes can be divided into ten phylogenetic branches. Six of them are found in plants (Axelsen & Palmgren, 2001). The plasma membrane proton pump belongs to the P3type ATPase family. The H+-ATPase branch is subdivided into five subfamilies (Arango et al., 2003). Plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a tightly bound and integral transmembrane protein. The enzyme is a single polypeptide of ~100 kDa. By the use of the chemical energy of ATP, plasma membrane connected ATPases extrude protons from cells of plants to generate electrochemical proton gradients. The generation of this gradient has a major role in providing the energy for secondary active transport across the plasma membrane. The plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a proton pump which plays a central role in physiological functions such as nutrient uptake, intracellular pH regulation, stomatal opening and cell growth. Besides regulation of physiological processes, the plasma membrane proton pump also plays a role in adaptation of plants to changing conditions, especially stress conditions. Thus, H+-ATPase can be a mutual element for resistance mechanisms that are activated in various stress conditions. Many studies have shown the changes of gene expression of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in response to a variety of environmental factors. Moreover, besides the genetic regulation of the proton pump, its activity may undergo fast post-translational modulation.
Workers' compensation experience of Colorado agriculture workers, 2000-2004.

BACKGROUND Agriculture is among the most hazardous of occupations. The lack of information regarding agriculture injuries or fatalities has been recognized as an obstacle for effective injury prevention. Workers' compensation claims data for non-fatal injuries among agriculture and agri-business workers in the State of Colorado between the years of 2000 and 2004. METHODS Workers' compensation claims are utilized to estimate injury claim incidence rates, determine the distributions of sources, causes, types and body locations of injuries, and estimate the costs of these injuries. RESULTS Colorado agriculture and agri-business workers (e.g., cattle dealers, cattle or livestock raisers, dairy farmers) have high rates of injury claims, especially in sectors that involve interaction with animals or livestock. Grain milling operations had a high rate of injury claims among agri-business operations. Injuries related to animals, strains, machinery, and falls or slips were the most frequent among all occupations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the occurrence of injuries among Colorado agriculture and agri-business workers is critical to implementing and evaluating effective intervention programs for specific agriculture-related occupations. The development of safety interventions that address the worker-animal interface, fall protection systems, machinery usage, and overexertion prevention strategies is recommended.
Mapping DNA target sites of chromatin-associated proteins by formaldehyde cross-linking in Drosophila embryos

The method described here allows the mapping of protein-DNA interactions through the ability of formaldehyde to cross-link proteins and nucleic acids in living cells. Formaldehyde is a very reactive dipolar compound which reacts with the amino groups of proteins and amino acids (1, 2). It shows no reactivity however towards free double-stranded DNA, and thus does not cause the extensive DNA damage seen after prolonged exposure to other cross-linking reagents such as UV. Each formaldehyde molecule has the capacity to interact with two amino groups. Therefore DNAprotein, protein-protein and RNA-protein cross-links are rapidly formed after formaldehyde treatment, creating a stable structure which prevents the redistribution of cellular components. Furthermore, a simple heat treatment is sufficient to reverse the reaction equilibrium, and to allow isolation of pure DNA for further analysis (3). Formaldehyde cross-linking combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP) is a way of mapping the in vivo distribution of chromatinassociated proteins. As such, this technique is of great value in the analysis of protein-DNA interactions, even more so when studying proteins which do not show specific DNA binding activities in vitro. This has recently been demonstrated for several chromatin-associated proteins, such as Polycomb (Pc) in Drosophila (4) and the SIR proteins in budding yeast (5). Additionally, analysis of the cross-linking pattern can not only allow mapping of sites of protein-DNA interaction, but can also give an estimation of the relative binding affinity to different sequences across a large genomic region.
[The phantom breast syndrome].

BACKGROUND The phantom breast syndrome (PBS) is a complication of mastectomy which consists of a sensation of breast persistence after mastectomy. MATERIALS, PATIENTS AND METHODS: The incidence, clinical course and location of PBS in 97 operated women were studied for a 15-year period. All women were interviewed in postoperative follow-up controls after mastectomy. RESULTS The incidence of PBS was 29 patients out of the 97 total. The syndrome was present for more than 48 months in eleven of these patients. In most cases the location of "phantom sensations" was the nipple (15 cases) and the entire breast in five patients. In only three patients was phantom breast pain (PBP) reported whereas some discomfort was reported by the other patients. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of PBS in our series was similar to that reported by other authors, but PBP was less common. Neither postoperative sequelae nor the antitumoral specific therapy seemed to have influence on the emergence of PBS.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels predict visual outcome after optic neuritis

Background: Optic neuritis is a good model for multiple sclerosis relapse, but currently no tests can accurately predict visual outcome. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of tissue damage and remodelling (neurofilament light chain (NF-L), myelin basic protein, osteopontin and chitinase-3-like-1) predict visual outcome after optic neuritis. Methods: We included 47 patients with optic neuritis as a first demyelinating episode. Patients underwent visual tests, optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture. Biomarkers were measured in CSF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients were followed up six months after onset and this included visual tests and OCT. Outcome measures were inter-ocular differences in low contrast visual acuity (LCVA), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer+inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses. Results: CSF NF-L levels at onset predicted inter-ocular differences in follow-up LCVA (β=13.8, p=0.0008), RNFL (β=5.6, p=0.0004) and GC-IPL (β=4.0, p=0.0008). The acute-phase GC-IPL thickness also predicted follow-up LCVA (β=12.9, p=0.0021 for NF-L, β=−1.1, p=0.0150 for GC-IPL). Complete/incomplete remission was determined based on LCVA from 30 healthy controls. NF-L had a positive predictive value of 91% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 for incomplete remission. Conclusion: CSF NF-L is a promising biomarker of visual outcome after optic neuritis. This could aid neuroprotective/regenerative medical advancements.
Development of an easy-to-handle range measurement tool using a plastic scintillator for proton beam therapy

Proton beam therapy can concentrate the dose on a tumour. In order to offer high-precision proton beam therapy to the patient, it is important to confirm the range every day. At the National Cancer Center Hospital East (NCC), the range measurement tool consists of a water phantom and an ionization chamber. These large and heavy tools take a long time to set up. Therefore, we developed a simple and easy-to-handle range measurement tool for proton beam therapy. This tool consists of a plastic scintillator block and a CCD camera. We recorded visible scintillation light generated by proton irradiation on the scintillator, and could measure the range from the shape of light distribution by using a computer with automatic analysis software installed. We carried out proton irradiation experiments with this tool to examine its performance as a tool of daily range measurements. The precision of the range measurement is within 0.3 mm (sd). The tool can measure possible short-term range variation with 1 s sampling time during the time interval of a typical treatment in a few minutes. We conclude that this tool can measure the range with sufficient resolution in a short time, and is useful for range control in a clinical setting.
Vaccination with transgenic rice seed expressing mite allergen: a new option for asthma sufferers?

Background Immunotherapy for allergic diseases Acute allergic inf lammatory responses are mediated by provocation of allergenspecific CD4 Th2 cells, together with class switching of B cells to generate IgE antibodies that bind to mast cells and basophils via their high affinity Fce receptors. This process is known as allergic sensitization. Subsequent attachment of antigen to the Fab portion of cell-bound IgE results in the release of the contents of cytoplasmic granules (e.g., histamine) from mast cells and basophils as well as in the synthesis and secretion of biologically active arachidonic acid derivatives (e.g., leukotrienes). Thus, the induction of IgE responses is highly dependent on allergenspecific CD4 T cells (Th2 cells) [1]. Convent iona l a l lergen-spec i f ic immunotherapy commonly consists of repeated subcutaneous injections of crude extracts for periods exceeding 3 years. T cells are key regulators of the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Clinical treatment of immunotherapy using short peptides containing T-cell epitopes (peptide immunotherapy) has been shown to induce unresponsiveness of T cells or changes in their cytokine production (e.g., IL-4), particularly by CD4 T cells. Currently, very few patients (<5%) choose immunotherapy, as treatment takes several years and because subcutaneous administration is associated with local and, in some cases, even systemic allergic side effects if allergen accidentally reaches the circulation. In order to resolve these problems, development of safer, more effective and more convenient allergenspecif ic immunotherapy is highly desirable. To achieve this, first, tolerogen used for desensitization to allergen needs to be changed from crude allergen extract to modified hypoallergenic tolerogen with reduced IgE binding or enzymatic activity, so that high doses can be administered with decreased side effects, such as anaphylaxis. Second, the route of administration should be changed from systemic to mucosal (oral, sublingual and nasal administration), resulting in increased convenience and relief of pain from needle stick. The WHO has determined that immunotherapy via subcutaneous, sublingual or nasal routes is effective [2]. On the other hand, the efficacy of oral vaccination has not yet been evaluated, although many long-term investigations are ongoing. For routine use of oral immunotherapy, it is critical to protect orally administered therapeutics from enzymatic digestion and inactivation in the GI tract by enhancing their bioavailability [3]. According to the most recent CDC documentation, the prevalence of asthma in 2001–2003 was at 6.7% in adults and 8.5% in children, and asthma burden Expert Rev. Vaccines 10(9), 1249–1251 (2011)
The viral SV40 T antigen cooperates with dj2 to enhance hsc70 chaperone function

Simian virus 40 large T antigen is a J‐domain‐containing protein with multiple functions. Among its numerous activities, T antigen can bind heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70) but the biological significance of this interaction has not been fully understood. Here, we show that T antigen can act as an hsc70 co‐chaperone enhancing the protein‐folding ability of the hsc70 chaperone machine. We also show that T antigen exerts its function in collaboration with the mammalian homologue of DnaJ. Moreover, we show that the participation of T antigen in the hsc70 chaperone machine has cell‐type‐specific characteristics.