Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematische Windkanaluntersuchungen zur Evaluierung von Parametrisierungsansätzen für die städtische Rauigkeitsschicht

Die zunehmende Rechnerleistung ermoglicht es, die stadtische Grenzschicht in mesoskaligen Modellen feiner aufzulosen. Somit nimmt auch die Rauigkeitsschicht als ein Teil der stadtischen Grenzschicht an Bedeutung zu. In der Rauigkeitsschicht ist das Stromungsfeld dreidimensional und die Monin-Obukov-Ahnlichkeitstheorie besitzt keine Gultigkeit. Parametrisierungsansatze des Turbulenz- und Stromungsfeldes mussen daher fur die stadtische Grenzschicht weiterentwickelt und angepasst werden. In dieser Arbeit wurden systematische, hochaufgeloste Messungen von Geschwindigkeits- und Turbulenzfeldern uber drei unterschiedlich komplexen Rauigkeiten im Grenzschichtwindkanal der Universitat Hamburg durchgefuhrt. Mit diesen wurde ein Datensatz erzeugt, der es ermoglicht, Ansatze fur die Parametrisierung der stadtischen Grenzschicht zu testen und weiterzuentwickeln. Um moglichst allgemeingultige Ergebnisse zu erzielen, wurden ausschlieslich idealisierte Falle untersucht. Diese reichen von einem bereits haufig untersuchten regelmasig angeordneten Wurfelfeld homogener Hohe bis hin zu versetzt angeordneten Wurfeln mit unterschiedlich geformten Dachaufbauten Gemessene Profile innerhalb der Rauigkeit und der Rauigkeitsschicht zeigen eine grose Abhangigkeit vom Messort. Um ein (gemitteltes) Profil zu erhalten, das die unterliegende Rauigkeit moglichst gut reprasentiert, wurde basierend auf einer Klassifizierung aller Einzelprofile eine flachengewichtete Mittelung durchgefuhrt. Der Vergleich existierender Parametrisierungsansatze fur die stadtische Rauigkeit mit den hier ermittelten reprasentativen Profilen hat ergeben, dass es hier noch erhebliches Potenzial fur Verbesserungen gibt. Morphometrische Ansatze stellen zum einen lediglich Daten fur das logarithmische Wandgesetz bereit, und zum anderen beruhen sie auf starken Vereinfachungen, so dass z0 und d0 im Vergleich zu den Messdaten dieser Arbeit uber- bzw. unterschatzt werden. Das logarithmische Wandgesetz hat seine Gultigkeit uber homogenem Gelande und lasst sich nicht einfach auf die Grenzschicht uber komplexen Stadtgebieten ubertragen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersuchte empirische Ansatze die den Verlauf der turbulenten Impulsflusse in der Rauigkeitsschicht beschreiben, zeigen eine relativ gute Ubereinstimmung zu den hier ermittelten reprasentativen Profilen. Diese empirischen Ansatze basieren jedoch auf Parametern, die haufig nur schwer zu bestimmen sind.
Validation of the Malay Version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale among Caregivers of Patients with Mental Illness

Background Caregivers of patients with mental illness are exposed to stigma. The internalisation of this stigma among caregivers is known as affiliate stigma and can be measured by the Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS). The aim of this study was to validate the Malay version of the ASS. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from May to December 2017 with 372 caregivers of patients with mental illness. The ASS was first translated into Malay using standard forward and backward translation procedures. The final version of the ASS-Malay (ASS-M) was completed by participants. The data analyses involved assessment of construct validity by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and construct reliability. Results The final model of the ASS-M consists of four factors with 21 items, as compared to the original version, which has three factors with 22 items. The results showed that the final model has good model fit based on RMSEA (0.065) and SRMR (0.055) and a satisfactory composite reliability (affective = 0.827, cognitive = 0.857, behaviour = 0.764, self-esteem = 0.861). Conclusion The study showed that the four-factor, 21-item ASS-M model has good psychometric properties. The scale is valid and reliable for measuring affiliate stigma among caregivers of patients with mental illness in Malaysia.
Optimised reversible divider circuit

Reversible logic has received a great deal of attention from many researchers over recent years for its enormous potential for application in quantum computing and nanotechnology due to its ability to reduce power consumption, which is the main requirement in low power VLSI design. In this study, first, we have presented new reversible blocks. These circuits can be used for the design of a large and complex combinational circuit. Then, we presented optimised designs for the various reversible components: multiplexers, registers, and shift registers. We will put forward the design and evaluation of optimised reversible division hardware to submit an application of reversible logic design. The comparative results show that the proposed designs individually have less hardware complexity, garbage outputs, constant inputs, quantum cost and significantly better scalability than the existing works. We have presented some lower bounds on the cost-metrics for designing the reversible components of the divider circuit.
Regards croisés sur l'évaluation économique du patrimoine naturel : de la ressource d'autorité à la petite fabrique des valeurs ?

Identifie et circonscrit depuis le XIXe siecle aux monuments historiques et aux curiosites naturelles remarquables, le patrimoine n’a cesse de s’etendre jusqu’a enserrer aujourd’hui des paysages et des ecosystemes. Mais parallelement, un autre changement majeur s’opere, a savoir l’integration du patrimoine, d’abord reconnu pour ses vertus symboliques, a la sphere des echanges marchands. Or, si ce registre de justification de la conservation patrimoniale a pu etre etudie dans le cadre du developpement territorial, peu de travaux ont a ce jour porte sur les implications sociales et politiques d’une economisation du patrimoine naturel. En procedant a une revue de la litterature et en s’inspirant de diverses etudes de cas, l’objectif de ce regard croise entre un geographe et une economiste est de proposer une reflexion sur les usages sociaux de cette monetarisation de l’environnement et sa participation a la « petite fabrique » du patrimoine naturel. Nous verrons ainsi comment l’evaluation economique, bien que vivement critiquee, est progressivement devenue un cadre normatif des politiques publiques et un operateur strategique des processus de patrimonialisation. Loin de rester circonscrit aux seuls pouvoirs publics, cet outil est desormais instrumentalise, par une diversite d’acteurs, pour imposer, negocier ou co-construire des valeurs.
Impacto actitudinal y canalización cognitiva de estereotipos sobre la inmigración a través de las noticias

Introduccion. Tomando como base la investigacion sobre el efecto framing y la investigacion sobre el tratamiento de la inmigracion, se analizan los procesos de recepcion e impacto de las noticias sobre actos delictivos. Metodologia. Se realizaron dos investigaciones experimentales en donde los participantes fueron expuestos a una noticia y posteriormente cumplimentaron un cuestionario con escalas de auto-informe. Se manipularon la mencion del origen nacional/geografico de los protagonistas de la noticia y la implicacion con el tema de la noticia. Resultados. Se observa que cuando la implicacion con el tema es baja, la presencia de informacion sobre el origen de los protagonistas de la noticia ejerce un efecto indirecto a traves de impactar las actitudes. En cambio, cuando la implicacion es alta el efecto indirecto se explica por la activacion de corrientes de pensamiento que influyen en la formacion y/o refuerzo de creencias negativas sobre la inmigracion. Conclusiones. Los resultados son congruentes con un modelo dual de influencia de los encuadres noticiosos. Se constata con argumentos empiricos que la recomendacion de no informar sobre el origen de los protagonistas en noticias sobre actos delictivos esta justificada.
Genetic design of processing elements for path planning networks

The genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to the design of processing elements (PEs) for recurrently connected optimal-path-finding networks. A PE is represented by a parameterized functional expression, and the genetic algorithm searches the function's parameter space to optimize network performance. The GA evaluates each parameterized processing element by placing the PE in a recurrent network, initializing the network with data from an actual terrain, and comparing the relaxed network state with one incorporating the known optimal PE function. For the network topology considered, it was found that a composition of sigmoid terms was able to approximate a discontinuity which existed in the solution PE function. The genetic algorithm employs the principles of the adaptive representation genetic optimizer technique (ARGOT), which increases search speed and efficacy. The present investigation suggests an approach to ANS development which treats the PE function as a design variable
Identification of a High-Affinity Phosphate Transporter Gene in a Prasinophyte Alga, Tetraselmis chui, and Its Expression under Nutrient Limitation

ABSTRACT A high-affinity phosphate transporter gene, TcPHO, was isolated from a growth-dependent subtracted cDNA library of the marine unicellular alga Tetraselmis chui. The full-length cDNA of TcPHO obtained by 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends was 1,993 bp long and encoded an open reading frame consisting of 610 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of TcPHO exhibited 51.6 and 49.8% similarity to the amino acid sequences of PHO89 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and PHO4 from Neurospora crassa, respectively. In addition, hydrophobicity and secondary structure analyses revealed 12 conserved transmembrane domains that were the same as those found in PHO89 and PHO4. The expression of TcPHO mRNA was dependent on phosphate availability. With a low-phosphate treatment, the TcPHO mRNA concentration increased sharply to 2.72 fmol μg of total RNA−1 from day 1 to day 2 and remained at this high level from days 2 to 4. Furthermore, rescue treatment with either phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate effectively inhibited TcPHO mRNA expression. In contrast, TcPHO mRNA expression stayed at a low level (range, 0.25 to 0.28 fmol μg of total RNA−1) under low-nitrate conditions. The expression pattern suggests that TcPHO can be used as a molecular probe for monitoring phosphorus stress in T. chui.
La adaptación al espacio europeo de educación superior en España. Los cambios/retos que implica la enseñanza basada en competencias y orientaciones para responder a ellos

La transicion hacia un nuevo modelo de ensenanza-aprendizaje, que esta viviendo la educacion superior en Espana, plantea cambios muy importantes con respecto a la formacion actual, fruto del proceso de adaptacion de los estudios al espacio europeo de educacion superior. La adaptacion al EEES genera un cambio de optica que afecta no solo al procedimiento de diseno de los nuevos planes y a la organizacion de los contenidos, sino que va mucho mas alla e implica cambios radicales en las metodologias de ensenanza y evaluacion que se han desarrollando hasta ahora en el marco de la universidad espanola. En este articulo presentamos el marco organizativo de las nuevas titulaciones en Espana y senalamos los cambios principales que se configuran a partir de la normativa estatal para analizar cuales son los principales retos que comporta la adaptacion de estos estudios al EEES: el transito/transformacion de las competencias al diseno curricular (organizacion de la estructura del plan de estudios en modulos de contenidos) y la planificacion de los procesos de evaluacion para garantizar y mejorar el aprendizaje de las competencias profesionales. En base al analisis de expertos y de la propia experiencia profesional desarrollada en centros universitarios de Espana se presentan diversas orientaciones para dar respuesta a ambas cuestiones, planteando el proceso de adaptacion como oportunidad de cambio y de mejora en la formacion de los futuros profesionales.
Long-Term Pulmonary Outcome in the Preterm Infant

Chronic respiratory morbidity is common following premature birth, particularly if complicated by the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Affected infants can remain oxygen dependent for many months and frequently require hospital readmission in the first 2 years after birth. Troublesome, recurrent respiratory symptoms requiring treatment are common in prematurely born children, especially those who had BPD. The most severely affected may remain symptomatic and have evidence of airway obstruction even as adults. The studies examining adolescents and adults usually report patients who had ‘classical’ BPD, that is they often had had severe respiratory failure in the neonatal period with chronic pulmonary fibrosis and airway smooth muscle hypertrophy. Nowadays, infants are described as having ‘new’ BPD, developing chronic oxygen dependence despite initially minimal or even no respiratory distress. Affected patients, however, have reduced alveolarisation and experience deterioration in lung function over the 1st year after birth. It is essential to determine if they have ‘catch up’ and identify which strategies impair and most importantly promote lung growth in this very-high-risk population.
El gobierno corporativo: un enfoque moderno

El buen gobierno corporativo esta cobrando cada vez mas importancia en el ambito local e internacional, debido a su reconocimiento como un valioso medio para alcanzar mercados mas confiables y eficientes. En los ultimos anos, se han establecido principios de adhesion voluntaria, realizado acuciosos estudios e implementado una serie de reformas legislativas, a fin de incentivar el desarrollo de buenas practicas de gobierno corporativo. De esta manera, se ha reconocido el impacto directo y significativo que la implementacion de dichas practicas tiene en el valor, solidez y eficiencia de las empresas, y, por tanto, en el desarrollo economico y bienestar general de los paises. Es asi que los principios y lineamientos de buen gobierno corporativo mas reconocidos y utilizados actualmente son los emitidos por la Organizacion para la Cooperacion y el Desarrollo Economico (OCDE), los lineamientos del codigo andino de gobierno corporativo de la Corporacion Andina de Fomento (CAF), los principios de buen gobierno para las sociedades peruanas de la Comision Nacional Supervisora de Empresas y Valores (CONASEV), y los principios de buen gobierno corporativo de empresas del Estado del Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento de la Actividad Empresarial del Estado (FONAFE). El gobierno corporativo explica las reglas y los procedimientos para tomar decisiones en asuntos como el trato equitativo de los accionistas, el manejo de los conflictos de interes, la estructura de capital, los esquemas de remuneracion e incentivos de la administracion, las adquisiciones de control, la revelacion de informacion, la influencia de inversionistas institucionales, entre otros, que afectan el proceso a traves del cual las rentas de la sociedad son distribuidas. Los inversionistas consideran cada vez mas la aplicacion de practicas de buen gobierno como un elemento de suma importancia para preservar el valor real de sus inversiones en el largo plazo, en la medida que conlleva a eliminar la informacion desigual entre quienes administran la empresa y sus inversionistas. Refuerza este objetivo la existencia de un adecuado marco legal y practicas de supervision eficientes que velen por la existencia de mercados transparentes que garanticen la proteccion del inversionista.
Polymorphisms and Genomic Organization of Repetitive DNA from Centromeric Regions of Arabidopsis Chromosomes

A highly abundant repetitive DNA sequence family of Arabidopsis, AtCon, is composed of 178-bp tandemly repeated units and is located at the centromeres of all five chromosome pairs. Analysis of multiple copies of AtCon showed 95% conservation of nucleotides, with some alternative bases, and revealed two boxes, 30 and 24 bp long, that are 99% conserved. Sequences at the 3′ end of these boxes showed similarity to yeast CDEI and human CENP-B DNA–protein binding motifs. When oligonucleotides from less conserved regions of AtCon were hybridized in situ and visualized by using primer extension, they were detected on specific chromosomes. When used for polymerase chain reaction with genomic DNA, single primers or primer pairs oriented in the same direction showed negligible amplification, indicating a head-to-tail repeat unit organization. Most primer pairs facing in opposite directions gave several strong bands corresponding to their positions within AtCon. However, consistent with the primer extension results, some primer pairs showed no amplification, indicating that there are chromosome-specific variants of AtCon. The results are significant because they elucidate the organization, mode of amplification, dispersion, and evolution of one of the major repeated sequence families of Arabidopsis. The evidence presented here suggests that AtCon, like human α satellites, plays a role in Arabidopsis centromere organization and function.
The generation of the endothelial specific cdc42-deficient mice and the effect of cdc42 deletion on the angiogenesis and embryonic development.

BACKGROUND High microvascular permeability plays an essential role in pathological process of multiple diseases such as septic shock, acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and burns. Inhibiting hyperpermeability is significant for controlling these conditions. Cdc42, as a main member of the small Rho GTPase family, plays a critical role in controlling and regulating the endothelial junctional permeability. We aimed to generate and identify endothelial specific cdc42-deficient mice by the Cre/loxp recombination approach, for examination in an animal model of the contribution of the cdc42 gene in the microvascular barrier function. METHODS We crossed cdc42(Flox/Flox) mice with mice expressing endothelial cell-specific Cre recombinase, and the offspring with the genotype cdc42(Flox/+)Tie2Cre(+/-) were back-crossed with the cdc42(Flox/Flox) mice. The cdc42(Flox/Flox)Tie2Cre(+/-) mice in the F2 generation were the target mice. If the cdc42 deficient mice did not survive, we would observe the cdc42 deficient mice embryos, and compare them with wild-type mice embryos. RESULTS Cdc42(flox/+)Cre(+/-) mice were mated with the cdc42(Flox/Flox) mice and among the living offspring there were no cdc42(Flox/Flox)Cre(+/-) target mice. We found the endothelial special cdc42 deficient embryos at the E7.5-E16.5 stage. We observed that cdc42 deficient embryos were much smaller, had fewer vessels and were a little more swollen compared with the wild-type embryos. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial specific knockout of cdc42 caused embryonic lethality and the mice did not survive to birth. The target embryos were much smaller, had fewer vessels and were a little more swollen compared with the wild-type embryos. These results demonstrated that the cdc42 plays an important role in development of embryos and in development of microvessels as well as microvascular permeability.
Scrotal cooling and its benefits to male fertility: A systematic review

The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence for the impact of scrotal cooling on spermatogenesis. EMBASE (1980–2010) and MEDLINE (1950–Sept. 2010) databases were searched using the terms ‘male infertility or subfertility or fertility’, combined with a separate search of ‘scrotal cooling’, without any limits or restrictions. A total of eight articles met the criteria for inclusion in the study. There was insufficient evidence to draw any firm conclusions about the impact of scrotal cooling on male fertility. A positive trend of improved male fertility was however observed. There is therefore a need for well designed randomised controlled trials.
Spiritual and religious aspects of torture and scalping among the Indian cultures in Eastern North America, from ancient to colonial times

Only a few decades ago a common perception prevailed that the historic­al Native Americans were very prone to violence and warfare. Scalping and torture were seen as a specific custom attached into their ideology and sociocultural ethos. However in the 1960s a completely reversed picture started to emerge, following the course of other worldwide movements, such as ethnic rights, pan-Indianism, ecological conscience, revisionist historiography and so on. Immediately the Native American people came to be seen as the victims of the European colonialism and the Whites were the bad guys who massacred innocent women and children, either at Sand Creek or in Vietnam. Books were written in which the historians pointed out that the practice of scalping was actually not present in the Americas before the whites came. This theory drew sustenance from some early colonial accounts, especially from the Dutch and New England colonies, where it was documented that a special bounty was offered for Indian scalps. According to this idea, the practice of scalping among the Indians escalated only after this. On the other hand, the blame fell on the Iroquois tribesmen, whose cruel fighting spread terror throughout the seventeenth century, when they expanded an empire in the north eastern wilderness. This accords with those theorists who wanted to maintain a more balanced view of the diffusion of scalping and torture, agreeing that these traits were indeed present in Pre-Columbian America, but limited only to the Iroquoians of the east. Colonial American history has been rewritten every now and then. In the 1980s, and in the field of archaeology especially, a completely new set of insights have arisen. There has been a secondary burial of the myth of Noble Savage and a return of the old Wild Indian idea, but this time stripped of its cartoon stereo­typical attachments. The Indians are now seen as being like any other human beings, with their usual mixture of vices and virtues. Understanding this, one may approach such a topic as scalping and torture without more bias than when reading of any practice of atrocities in human history.
Locating Strategies for Personal Communication Networks: A Novel Tracking Strategy

The partition of location areas is designed to minimize the total costs of finding users' location and tracking their movement in personal communication networks (PCNs). A new scheme to partition and track mobile users and its implementation based on cellular architecture are proposed. According to the tracking strategy, the mobile station (MS) transmits only update messages at specific reporting cells, while the search for a mobile user is done at the vicinity of the cell to which the user has just reported. We use the cost analysis model to demonstrate the feasibility of updating and searching costs to reduce the amount of resources when using wireless channels. Simulations are performed to compare the performance of three schemes: always update, always search, and our new scheme.