Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding behaviour of Belminus ferroae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a predaceous Triatominae colonizing rural houses in Norte de Santander, Colombia

Belminus ferroae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) was collected from houses in the localities of San Alberto and Santa Catalina in the municipality of Toledo, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia. Precipitin tests revealed that the main hosts of B. ferroae are insects belonging to the order Blattodea, whose haemolymph serves as food (89.43%). A low rate of haematophagy was indicated on rodents, dogs and humans (7.32%) and no natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi was found by either microscopic examination or polymerase chain reaction. The finding of B. ferroae inside houses, feeding primarily on Blattodea with only a minor tendency to feed on vertebrate blood, is indicative of both the evolutionary path from predator to bloodsucker taken by Triatominae and their tendency to adapt from silvatic to domestic habitats.
Molecular Species of Phosphatidylcholine Containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids in Human Brain: Enrichment in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Brain and Diseases of Peroxisome Biogenesis Brain

Abstract: Molecular species of phosphatidylcholine containing unsaturated (i.e., monoenoic and polyenoic) 32‐ to 40‐carbon (very long chain) fatty acids (VLCFA‐PC) are present in normal human brain, the fatty acid composition changing significantly with development. There is a marked increase in the concentration and a change in the polyenoic VLCFA composition of these molecular species in brains of patients with inherited defects in peroxisomal biogenesis [Zellweger's syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), and infantile Refsum's disease]. In contrast, there is a marked increase in monoenoic VLCFA‐PC in X‐linked ALD whereas molecular species containing polyenoic VLCFA are minor components.
New evidence in hypertension and hyperlipidaemia

The benefits of blood pressure lowering on the risk of cardiovascular disease are seen with all commonly used classes of antihypertensive drugs. Although different drug classes may have different effects on cause specific outcomes (such as myocardial infarction or stroke), no differences are observed between their overall effects on combined major cardiovascular end points. The choice of first line antihypertensive drug is therefore likely to be of less importance than the use of any effective drug, particularly since the majority of patients will need two or more agents to achieve blood pressure goals. Recent trials have provided good evidence that lowering cholesterol with statins reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in “high risk” patients, irrespective of initial cholesterol concentrations. The benefits of both blood pressure lowering and lipid lowering treatment appear to be proportional to the extent of the reduction of blood pressure and lipids achieved.
Potential Throughput Improvement of FD MIMO in Practical Systems

Installing large number of antennas at the transmitter or/and the receiver can increase the channel capacity significantly in theory, however, practical implementations need to consider different system aspects, e.g. compatibility with existing beamforming scheme and reference signal overhead, in order to realize the system level throughput gain in practice. In this paper, we first use an idealized full dimensional multiple input multiple output (FD-MIMO) system to quantize the potential system throughput gain of FD-MIMO systems. We then introduce the reference signal overhead limitation by virtualizing large number of antennas to a limited number of antenna ports. The simulation result shows that through proper antenna virtualization the system throughput gain of one idealized FD-MIMO system can be achieved within reference signal overhead limitation.
Gamma interferon-mediated cytotoxicity related to murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection

After infection with the mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn; murine Chlamydia trachomatis), heterozygous (nu/+) but not nude athymic (nu/nu) mice produced enhanced amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in vitro in response to MoPn antigen that exhibited cytotoxic activity when added to host cells already infected with chlamydiae. Antibody-complement lysis showed the cytotoxic activity to be dependent, at least in part, on L3T4+ T cells for production. The cytotoxic responses were directed primarily against Chlamydia-infected target cells, but a second type of toxicity was demonstrable against uninfected target cells after treatment of the generating cell population with anti-Lyt-2 antibody plus complement at certain time points after infection. This additional nonspecific cytotoxic activity was presumably due to a second factor (factor X) acting in concert with IFN-gamma. Lyt-2+ cells, however, also were shown to play a role in IFN-gamma production and cytotoxicity directed against infected targets at later time points after infection. Neutralization of IFN-gamma in the samples containing cytotoxic activity abrogated the cytotoxicity against both infected and uninfected targets, but cloned murine IFN-gamma exhibited toxicity in a dose-dependent manner only against infected target cells. The data provides evidence that cytotoxicity against infected targets is due to antigen-specific induction of IFN-gamma, but other cytokine activity, most demonstrable after removal of Lyt-2.2+ cells and cytotoxic to uninfected targets, also is present.
Detecting strong positive selection in the genome

New statistical tests have been developed in the past decade that enable us to infer evidence of recent strong positive selection from genome‐wide data on single‐nucleotide polymorphism and to localize the targets of selection in the genome. Based on these tests, past demographic events that led to distortions of the site‐frequency spectrum of variation can be distinguished from selection, in particular if linkage disequilibrium is taken into account. These methods have been successfully applied to species from which complete sequence information and polymorphism data are available, including Drosophila melanogaster, humans, and several plant species. To make full use of the available data, however, the tests that were primarily designed for panmictic populations need to be extended to spatially structured populations.
An Algorithmic View of Voting

We offer a novel classification of voting methods popular in social choice theory. Our classification is based on the more general problem of rank aggregation in which, beyond electing a winner, we also seek to compute an aggregate ranking of all the candidates; moreover, our classification is offered from a computational perspective---based on whether or not the voting method generalizes to an aggregation algorithm guaranteed to produce solutions that are near optimal in minimizing the distance of the aggregate ranking to the voters' rankings with respect to one of three well-known distance measures: the Kendall tau, the Spearman footrule, and the Spearman rho measures. We show that methods based on the average rank of the candidates (Borda counting), on the median rank of the candidates, and on the number of pairwise-majority wins (Copeland) all satisfy the near-optimality criterion with respect to each of these distance measures. On the other hand, we show that natural extensions of each of plurality v.
Diffusion of Macromolecules in Model Oral Biofilms

ABSTRACT The diffusive penetration of fluorescently tagged macromolecular solutes into model oral biofilms was visualized by time-lapse microscopy. All of the solutes tested, including dextrans, proteases, green fluorescent protein, and immunoglobulin G, accessed the interior of cell clusters 100 to 200 μm in diameter within 3 min or less.
Tutorial of an Ontological Support System

This tutorial describes a technology-mediated solution, the ontological support system (OSS), for specifying, organizing, representing and using elements of meaning in a body of knowledge. Theoretically influenced by ontological specification, the OSS was validated through iterative prototyping in a companion CAIS research paper. This article reports on how the OSS guides users through several content analysis phases (selection, delineation, transfer and use of content) in the context of academic research. Users typically find the system to be useful, easy to use and compatible with collaborative work when using it for content analysis in academic research.
Toward a Metacognitive Account of Cognitive Offloading

Individuals frequently make use of the body and environment when engaged in a cognitive task. For example, individuals will often spontaneously physically rotate when faced with rotated objects, such as an array of words, to putatively offload the performance costs associated with stimulus rotation. We looked to further examine this idea by independently manipulating the costs associated with both word rotation and array frame rotation. Surprisingly, we found that individuals' patterns of spontaneous physical rotations did not follow patterns of performance costs or benefits associated with being physically rotated, findings difficult to reconcile with existing theories of strategy selection involving external resources. Individuals' subjective ratings of perceived benefits, rather, provided an excellent match to the patterns of physical rotations, suggesting that the critical variable when deciding on-the-fly whether to incorporate an external resource is the participant's metacognitive beliefs regarding expected performance or the effort required for each approach (i.e., internal vs. internal + external). Implications for metacognition's future in theories of cognitive offloading are discussed.
New insights, recent advances, and current challenges in the biological treatment of multiple myeloma

Introduction: The availability of thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib has radically changed multiple myeloma (MM) treatment and significantly improved patients' outcome. Nevertheless, MM is still an incurable disease due to the development of resistance and relapse practically in all patients. Unraveling MM pathogenesis, identifying prognostically high-risk patient populations, and optimizing current treatment strategies are among the challenges we are facing to reach a cure for this disease. Areas covered: This article reviews recent advances of the genomic analysis of malignant plasma cells and summarizes new insights into the pathophysiologic role of the MM microenvironment and the clinical assessment of derived novel therapeutic strategies. Moreover, current efforts to improve risk stratification and drug development are discussed, and most recent results of Phase II and III clinical trials that aim to optimize existing treatment regimens and to assess the next-generation anti-MM strategies are discussed. A systematic search was conducted of the Pubmed Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for primary articles, as well as of conference abstracts (e.g., of the American Society of Hematology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Association of Cancer Research, the European Hematology Association, and the Multiple Myeloma Workshop 2013), practice guidelines, and registries of clinical trials. Expert opinion: Given continuing advances to overcome current treatment challenges in MM, we are confident that long-lasting responses can be expected in many of our patients within the next decade.
Resource Allocation to Support QoE in Hierarchical Macrocell-Femtocell Networks

Quality of experience (QoE) for multimedia services in macro-femtocell networks is one of the key issues for 5G mobile and wireless communications. A service management structure needs to guarantee the QoE for mobile users based on end-to-end negotiation to support service continuity. Resource management is necessary to maintain the QoE requirements of different multimedia applications, because service continuity may be impeded by delays. This paper proposes four types of resource management scheme to support consistent QoE for different multimedia services. For this purpose, a QoE structure is suggested
Sensing magnetic fields in any direction using FinFETs and L-gate FinFETs

The best-explored integrated magnetic field sensors are built with planar IC technologies, which do not allow 3D sensing in standard fabrication processes due to their bi-dimensional nature. Unlike planar devices, FinFETs can be used to sense magnetic fields in any direction. This work proposes and evaluates the use of FinFETs as magnetic sensors. The sensibility of FinFET differential arrays to lateral and vertical magnetic fields is quantified. This work also proposes the L-shaped gate, to improve the sensor performance.
Amplified erosion above waterfalls and oversteepened bedrock reaches

�� erosion rate at the upstream end of the flow acceleration zone above a waterfall, Fr is the Froude number at this setting, and n ranges between 0.5–1.7. This amplification expression suggests that erosion at the lip could be as much as 2–5 times higher relative to erosion at a normal setting with identical hydraulic geometry. Utilizing this erosion amplification expression in numerical simulations, we demonstrate its impact on reach-scale morphology above waterfalls. Amplified erosion at the lip of a waterfall can trigger the formation of an oversteepened reach whose length is longer than the flow acceleration zone, provided incision wave velocity (Vi) at the upstream edge of the flow acceleration zone is higher than the retreat velocity of the waterfall face. Such an oversteepened reach is expected to be more pronounced when Vi increases with increasing slope. The simulations also suggest that oversteepening can eventually lead to steady state gradients adjacent to a waterfall lip provided Vi decreases with increasing slope. Flow acceleration above waterfalls can thus account, at least partially, for prevalent oversteepened bedrock reaches above waterfalls. Using the cosmogenic isotope Cl-36, we demonstrate that incision wave velocity upstream of a waterfall at the Dead Sea western escarpment is probably high enough for freefall-induced oversteepening to be feasible.
THE EFFECTS OF DELAYED FUNCTION OF RECIPIENTS OF CADAVER RENAL ALLOGRAFTS: A STUDY OF 158 PATIENTS RANDOMIZED TO CYCLOSPORINE OR ALG‐AZATHIOPRINE

We randomized 158 recipients of cadaver renal allografts to cyclosporine-prednisone (83) or antilymphocyte globulin-azathioprine-prednisone (75) to evaluate: (1) the effects of immunosuppression and pretransplant risk factors on the incidence of delayed graft function, (2) the effects of immunosuppression on the resolution of delayed graft function, and (3) the effects of delayed graft function and pretransplanted risk factors on patient and graft survival. Cyclosporine did not increase the incidence of delayed graft function, compared with ALG-azathioprine-treated patients (33% versus 27%, P=0.550) but doubled the mean ($$SD) duration of oil-guria (11.8$$11.0 versus 5.9$$3.2 days, P=0.002) and the number of required dialyses (6.6$$7.6 versus 3.2$$1.3, P=0.031). Retransplanted patients had a higher incidence of delayed graft function that recipients of primary grafts in both the cyclosporine (82% versus 25%, P=0.001) and ALG-azathioprine (55% versus 22%, P=0.025) treatment groups. The presence of delayed function reduced one-year graft survival from 89% in all patients without delayed function to 72% (P=0.011) in all patients with delayed function. Cyclosporine-treated patients had a slightly, but not significantly better one-year graft survival rate than ALG-azathioprine treated patients both with (73% versus 68%, P=0.750) and without (92% versus 82%, P=0.069) delayed graft function. A preservation time longer than 24 hr did not increase the incidence of delayed graft function in cyclosporine-treated patients (34% versus 32%, P=0.811) or ALG-azathioprine-treated patients (27% versus 27%, P=0.902). Cyclosporine-treated patients given kidneys with greater than 24 hr of preservation time had reduced graft survival only when delayed graft function occurred (67% versus 92%, P=0.009). In conclusion, (1) cyclosporine did not increase the incidence of delayed graft function over ALG-azathioprine treatment; (2) cyclosporine did significantly slow recovery of kidneys with delayed function; (3) delayed graft function correlated with poorer graft survival rate in both treatment groups; but (4) prolonged preservation time did not increase the incidence of delayed graft function or reduce graft survival.
Surgical Treatment of Aplasia Cutis in the Adams-Oliver Syndrome

Aplasia cutis is one of the features of the Adams-Oliver syndrome, beside limb anomalies. Aplasia cutis, congenital absence of skin, is a lesion that usually presents over the vertex of the skull. Management of aplasia cutis depends on the size of the skin defect and the child's physical condition. Scalp defects larger than approximately 1 cm should be treated surgically. In patients with aplasia cutis, surgery should preferably be performed using rotation scalp flaps, and additional split skin grafts. The history of two babies with the Adams-Oliver syndrome is presented. In the Adams-Oliver syndrome, large rotation scalp flaps are not reliable due to the abnormal vascularity of the skin. Skin grafting is the safest way, preventing hemorrhage and infection, in the operative treatment of aplasia cutis in these babies.
Hardware-efficient non-decimation RF sampling receiver front-end with reconfigurable FIR filtering

A hardware-efficient non-decimation RF sampling receiver front-end with reconfigurable finite impulse response (FIR) filtering is proposed for multi-band and multi-standard receivers. By adopting a moving average filtering with the charge accumulation, the hardware complexity of the non-decimation filter is only proportional to the number of taps. This makes the proposed non-decimation sampling filter suitable for high-frequency and high-selectivity sampling filters. With a sampling frequency of 1 GHz, a conversion gain of 20 dB and a cascaded NF of 7.5 dB are obtained at the output. The non-decimation FIR filter enhances out-of-band linearity by 10 dB, while suppressing aliasing by 55 dB. The chip is implemented using a 0.18-μm SOI CMOS technology and occupies 0.7 mm2.
Comparative analysis of motion detection methods or video surveillance systems

In this paper, a motion detection module is proposed for real time dynamic video frames by comparing the three major classes of methods for motion detection namely Background Subtraction, Temporal differencing and Optical Flow method . A hierarchical background model is proposed based on segmenting the background images. The region model is extracted from the histogram of a specific region which is similar to the kind of a Gaussian mixture model. The pixel model is described by histograms of oriented gradients of pixels in each region based on the co-occurrence of image variations. Silhouette detection algorithm is proposed. The experimental results are carried out with a video database to demonstrate the effectiveness, which is applied to both static and dynamic scenes by comparing it with some well-known motion detection methods namely Temporal differencing and Optical Flow method and based on the results a motion detection module for dynamic video frames can be developed which is cost effective, shows high rate of accuracy, low rate of complexity, and well adapt to different kinds of shadow distribution.
A cross-national meta-analysis of alcohol and injury: data from the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP).

AIMS To examine the relationship of acute alcohol consumption with an injury compared to a non-injury event in the emergency room across ERs in five countries. DESIGN Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the consistency and magnitude of the association of a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of arrival in the ER and self-reported consumption within 6 hours prior to the event with admission to the ER for an injury compared to a non-injury, and the extent to which contextual (socio-cultural and organizational) variables explain effect sizes. FINDINGS When controlling for age, gender and drinking five or more drinks on an occasion at least monthly, pooled effect size was significant and of a similar magnitude for both BAC and self-reported consumption, with those positive on either measure over half as likely again to be admitted to the ER with an injury compared to a medical problem. Effect sizes were found to be homogeneous across ERs for BAC, but not for self-report. Trauma center status and legal level of intoxication were positively predictive of self-reported consumption effect size on injury. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a moderate, but robust association of a positive BAC and self-report with admission to the ER with an injury, and that contextual variables also appear to play a role in the alcohol-injury nexus.
Young Children Are More Likely to Spontaneously Attribute Mental States to Members of Their Own Group

We investigated whether young children were more likely to spontaneously attribute mental states to members of their own social group than to members of an out-group. We asked 5- and 6-year-old children to describe the actions of interacting geometric shapes and manipulated whether the children believed these shapes represented their own group or another group. Children of both ages spontaneously used mental-state words more often in their description of in-group members compared with out-group members. Furthermore, 6-year-olds produced a greater diversity of mental-state terms when talking about their own social group. These effects held across two different social categories (based on gender and geographic location). This research has important implications for understanding a broad range of social phenomena, including dehumanization, intergroup bias, and theory of mind.
Data Mining in Automotive Customer Management

- Data mining extracts useful information from a large data set among heterogeneous data base. This paper shows how the data mining techniques can be used in Automobile industry. Data mining Techniques such as Classification, Association rules, Clustering etc. can be appropriately applied to arrive a solution which will enable the vehicle manufacturing companies to take decision on model preferences and choice, create stimuli to push customers to choose among choice of variance and to aid help and support to customers in the aspects of financial and insurance products. By applying these techniques, the car manufacturers can identify the potential customers; develop products according to customer choice and to build customer relationship to promote business by attracting new customers while retaining the existing customers. The Automobile manufacturing companies are investing millions of rupees to understand, absorb, and listen their customers and their changing preferences to choose the vehicle of their choice. Market environment determines the buying behavior of customers. This is inevitable because the competition is emerging though it is a healthy situation but a potential threat to the automobile manufactures to come out with lot of innovative ideas on invention and development of their product to delight the customers