Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coral mutualists enhance fish abundance and diversity through a morphology-mediated facilitation cascade

Taxa that alter the morphology of foundation species have the potential to indirectly affect organisms that use the foundation species for habitat. On tropical reefs, coral morphology can be altered by epibiotic symbionts, potentially affecting fish populations that use coral as refuge. In the lagoons of Moorea, French Polynesia, mutualistic gammarid amphipods and chaetopterid polychaetes induce the growth of branch-like ‘fingers’ on corals of the genus Montipora. I tested whether these fingers create habitat for reef fish, and found that juvenile and adult fish sheltered and larvae settled among fingers on both natural and experimental reefs. While the habitat structure induced by the mutualists appears to be of lower quality than that provided by branching corals such as Pocillopora sp. , the presence of these structures in areas of the reef devoid of branching corals likely means that mutualist-induced structures increase the abundance and diversity of reef fish at the landscape scale.
Nanostructure and pore size control of template-free synthesised mesoporous magnesium carbonate

The structure of mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) first presented in 2013 is investigated using a bottom-up approach. MMC is found to be built from the aggregation of nanoparticles of amorphous MgCO3 and MgO with a coating of amorphous MgCO3. The nanoparticles have dimensions of approximately 2–5 nm as observed using transmission electron microscopy and the aggregation of the particles creates the pore structure of MMC. We further show that the average pore diameter of MMC can be controlled by varying the temperature during the powder formation process and demonstrate that altering the pore size opens the possibility to tune the amorphous phase stabilisation properties that MMC exerts on poorly soluble drug compounds. Specifically, we show the loading and release of the antifungal drug itraconazole using MMC as a drug carrier.
Construction of a Computable Network Model of Tissue Repair and Angiogenesis in the Lung

We have recently developed methodologies to quantify the biological impact of exposure to environmental toxicants via the use of computable network models and network scoring methods. In this study, we extend our collection of lung pathophysiology specific network models to tissue repair and angiogenesis. It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of wound healing which, if unresolved, could eventually progress to irreversible disease. The Tissue Repair and Angiogenesis (TRAG) Network consists of nine modular subnetworks that describe the following processes: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) signaling, sprouting and tubulogenesis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis, growth factor-mediated angiogenesis, immune regulation of angiogenesis, immune regulation of tissue repair, cell migration, differentiation of progenitor cells and fibrosis. We used a data-driven approach to augment the initial literature-based network, and to evaluate a portion of the network using two independent gene expression data sets. This approach increases the confidence in the network’s ability to accurately describe tissue repair processes. The TRAG Network serves as a valuable research tool for assessing the biological impact of exposure to environmental insults and in understanding the initial molecular events that may lead to disease. The TRAG network, which consists of 666 nodes linked by 1215 relationships or edges covering 1371 PubMed IDs, is expressed in the Biological Expression Language and made available in computer readable formats including XGMML and . xls.
Relación entre los estilos de aprendizaje y el trabajo colaborativo en ambientes b-learning

El analisis parte de una revision de teorias, metodologias y herramientas, y de la obtencion de experiencias propias en entornos b-learning. Asi como del reconocimiento de los estilos de aprendizaje de la poblacion estudio, para llegar al diseno de un ambiente de aprendizaje virtual mediante el uso de tecnicas de aprendizaje colaborativo. Los aportes obtenidos pretenden facilitar las condiciones existentes en la realizacion del trabajo grupal que pueda favorecer el proceso educativo en entornos de aprendizaje b-learning.
Ideal structure and $C^*$-algebras of low rank

We explore various constructions with ideals in a $C^*$-algebra $A$ in relation to the notions of real rank, stable rank and extremal richness. In particular we investigate the maximum ideals of low rank. And we investigate the relationship between existence of infinite or properly infinite projections in an extremally rich $C^*$-algebra and non-existence of ideals or quotients of stable rank one.
American Finance Association Market Timing and Managerial Portfolio Decisions

This paper provides evidence that top managers have contrarian views on firm value. Managers' perceptions of fundamental value diverge systematically from market valuations, and perceived mispricing seems an important determinant of managers' decision making. Insider trading patterns shows that low valuation firms are regarded as undervalued by their own managers relative to high valuation firms. This finding is robust to controlling for noninformation motivated trading. Further evidence links managers' private portfolio decisions to changes in corporate capital structures, suggesting that managers try to actively time the market both in their private trades and in firm-level decisions. [. ] Two years ago we were selling at 10 times revenue when we were at $64. At 10 times revenue, to give you a 10-year payback, I have to pay you 100% of revenues for 10 straight years as dividends. That assumes I can get that by my shareholders. That assumes that I have zero cost of goods sold, which is very hard for a computer company. That assumes zero expenses, which is really hard with 39,000 employees. That assumes I pay no taxes, which is very hard. And that assumes that you pay no taxes on your dividends, which is kind of illegal. And that assumes with zero R&D for the next 10 years, I can maintain the current revenue rate. [. ] Do you realize how ridiculous those basic assumptions are? [. ] Scott McNealy, CEO of Sun Microsystems, March 14, 2002.1 *Dirk Jenter is at the MIT Sloan School of Management. I would like to thank Jeremy Stein, Peter Tufano, John Campbell, Jeffrey Wurgler, Robin Greenwood, Robert Kosowski, and Joshua White for their detailed suggestions. I am grateful for comments by the referee, Rick Green (the editor), Viral Acharya, Malcolm Baker, Nittai Bergman, Jeff Bevelander, David Brophy, Susan Chaplinsky, Randy Cohen, John Cochrane, Joshua Coval, John Graham, Paul Gompers, Brian Hall, Campbell Harvey, George Hettenhouse, David Hsieh, Li Jin, Joshua Lerner, S. P. Kothari, Asis Martinez-Jerez, Stewart Myers, Vikram Nanda, Scott Richardson, David Scharfstein, Antoinette Schoar, Andrei Shleifer, Luis Viceira, David Yermack, Jeffrey Zwiebel, and seminar participants at the 2002 Western Finance Association Meeting, the 2003 American Finance Association Meeting, the Harvard Finance Lunch, the University of Michigan, MIT Sloan, Indiana University, Emory, Harvard Business School, Stanford GSB, Darden, Duke, NYU Ster, Humboldt University Berlin, London Business School, William & Mary, and Chicago GSB. I would like to thank the Research Computing Services group at HBS, and especially Chris Allen and Kimball Lewis, for help with obtaining and understanding the data sets used in this paper. All remaining errors are my own. Interview in Business Week, April 1, 2002, p. 67. Scott McNealy sold between $90 and $100 million worth of Sun stock in the fiscal year ending June 2000.
On Anti-centro-symmetric Solutions of Quaternion Matrix Equation AXA ∗ = B

By means of quaternion generalized singular value decomposition of quaternion matrices, this paper derives necessary and sufficient conditions that quaternion matrix equation AXA ∗ = B has an anti-centrosymmetric solution, and obtains a general expression of the anti-centrosymmetric solutions. In addition, an expression of the optimal approximation solution to a given matrix is derived. Mathematics Subject Classification: 15A24
The analgesic efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors in paediatric adenotonsillectomy: a systematic review

Background: A systematic review of the analgesic efficacy of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors in paediatric adenotonsillectomy based on subjective pain scores, adjunct analgesic requirements and time to recovery was performed. Additional analysis was performed of side effects to treatment and patient satisfaction. Methods: A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies that measured the efficacy of selective COX-2 inhibitors were included for qualitative analysis. Results: Eight studies (seven randomised controlled trials and one prospective cohort study) were included for analysis of rofecoxib, parecoxib and celecoxib. Rofecoxib and parecoxib were shown to be largely effective analgesic agents for post-adenotonsillectomy pain. Results were conflicting for celecoxib. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that COX-2 inhibitors offer some benefit in post-adenotonsillectomy pain relief and are well tolerated. Paucity and heterogeneity of data make definitive conclusions difficult. Further research looking specifically at currently available oral agents in the post-operative setting will be of clinical relevance and potential benefit for this common paediatric procedure.
Sensitivity of aerosol radiative effects to different mixing assumptions in the AEROPT 1.0 submodel of the EMAC atmospheric-chemistry-climate model

Abstract. The modelling of aerosol radiative forcing is a major cause of uncertainty in the assessment of global and regional atmospheric energy budgets and climate change. One reason is the strong dependence of the aerosol optical properties on the mixing state of aerosol components, such as absorbing black carbon and, predominantly scattering sulfates. Using a new column version of the aerosol optical properties and radiative-transfer code of the ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric-chemistry–climate model (EMAC), we study the radiative transfer applying various mixing states. The aerosol optics code builds on the AEROPT (AERosol OPTical properties) submodel, which assumes homogeneous internal mixing utilising the volume average refractive index mixing rule. We have extended the submodel to additionally account for external mixing, partial external mixing and multilayered particles. Furthermore, we have implemented the volume average dielectric constant and Maxwell Garnett mixing rule. We performed regional case studies considering columns over China, India and Africa, corroborating much stronger absorption by internal than external mixtures. Well-mixed aerosol is a good approximation for particles with a black-carbon core, whereas particles with black carbon at the surface absorb significantly less. Based on a model simulation for the year 2005, we calculate that the global aerosol direct radiative forcing for homogeneous internal mixing differs from that for external mixing by about 0.5 W m−2.
Average Daily Gain, AST and Blood Nitrogen Urea (BUN) Responses of Bali Beef on Cocoa Waste Extract Supplement

the research aimed to identify blood plasma AST, BUN, Triglyceride and average daily gain (ADG) responses of Bali beef on cocoa pod husk (CPH) extracts supplementations. 15 males of Bali beef in fattening premises were divided according to feed treatments; group A1 with normal feed; A2 CPH meal (CPH-M); A3= CPH crud (CPH-CE); A4= high theobromine CPH (CPH-T); A5= high polyphenol CPH (CPH-P). Blood collection and body weighting held one day before treatment (B1); B2= 24 h; B3= 14 d; B4= 28 d; 42 d later. Result show that there was no significant difference in ADG values within all treatments, although the control and CPH-P had higher ADG at 14–56d of treatment. The blood AST activity were same (P>0.05) in control, CPH-M and CPH-C and significantly higher (P<0.05) than CPH-T and CPH-P Thus preliminary parameters implied that utilizing of CPH as feed for Bali beef didn’t indicate any negative effect.
Psycho-physiological symptoms of stress and fatigue in elite male fencers during one-day tournament. A pilot study

between the rate of anabolism and catabolism its ratio. The ear lier examinations of exercising male wrestles and weightlifters showed that during series of repeated short-lasting maximal efforts their blood T tended to decrease and blood cortisol increased, hence T/C ratio also decreased, although first single efforts caused rise of T [1,2]. That indicated the effect of fatigue accumulation upon suppression of pituitary-gonadal axis. The later studies confirmed, that after few exhaustive com petitive bouts T/C indexes were shifted toward lower values as compared to those recorded ones prior to the efforts, and that state may be maintained throughout several hours of the recovery [3-5]. These changes occurred due to very intensive, anaerobic efforts like as wrestling matches, when blood lactate level may reach up to 20 mmol/L, or after less intensive intermitted efforts of mixed, aerobic-anaerobic metabolism like rugby and soccer matches.
THE PROTEIN PROFILES OF TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM BY SDS-PAGE

In the present study, we investigated total cell protein patterns of ten isolates of Trichophyton rubrum by SDS-PAGE on 12.5% polyacrylamide resolving gels. Twenty-two protein bands were detected with molecular weights in the range of 23.2 to 131.8 KD. Proteins of 23.2, 25.4, 26.7, 28.2, 30.2, 33.1, 34.7, 38,41.7, 47.9, 52.5, 56.2, 61.7, 67.6, 70.8, 75.9, 80, 84.1, 93.3, 102.3, 114.8, 131.8 were present but their frequencies varied among the isolates. Protein bands of 23.2, 38, 47.9, 52.5, 84.1 were common among the isolates and could be specific to recognize species differences. Protein analysis by SDS-PAGE could be considered a useful technique in identifying differences among the dermatophyte isolates.
Exploring the influence of precipitation extremes and human water use on total water storage (TWS) changes in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basin

Climate extremes such as droughts and intense rainfall events are expected to strongly influence global/regional water resources in addition to the growing demands for freshwater. This study examines the impacts of precipitation extremes and human water usage on total water storage (TWS) over the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna (GBM) River Basin in South Asia. Monthly TWS changes derived from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) (2002–2014) and soil moisture from three reanalyses (1979–2014) are used to estimate new extreme indices. These indices are applied in conjunction with standardized precipitation indices (SPI) to explore the impacts of precipitation extremes on TWS in the region. The results indicate that although long‐term precipitation do not indicate any significant trends over the two subbasins (Ganges and Brahmaputra‐Meghna), there is significant decline in rainfall (9.0 ± 4.0 mm/decade) over the Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basin from 1998 to 2014. Both river basins exhibit a rapid decline of TWS from 2002 to 2014 (Ganges: 12.2 ± 3.4 km3/yr and Brahmaputra‐Meghna: 9.1 ± 2.7 km3/yr). While the Ganges River Basin has been regaining TWS (5.4 ± 2.2 km3/yr) from 2010 onward, the Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basin exhibits a further decline (13.0 ± 3.2 km3/yr) in TWS from 2011 onward. The impact of human water consumption on TWS appears to be considerably higher in Ganges compared to Brahmaputra‐Meghna, where it is mainly concentrated over Bangladesh. The interannual water storage dynamics are found to be strongly associated with meteorological forcing data such as precipitation. In particular, extreme drought conditions, such as those of 2006 and 2009, had profound negative impacts on the TWS, where groundwater resources are already being unsustainably exploited.
Low-Carbon Carbon-Bonded Alumina Refractories for Functional Components in Steel Technology

Carbon-bonded alumina refractories (Al2O3-C) are essential for modern steelmaking practice. The typical carbon content for functional materials is approximately 30 wt%. With regard to environmentally friendly refractory systems, this work has observed and described the interaction of functional silicon (n-type semiconductor) with an organic binder system. With this system, it was possible to lower the carbon content to 15 wt% without downgrading the material properties. On the contrary, the properties were improved. As a result of the upgrading of the microstructural flexibility and the mechanical strength, the thermal shock performance could be enhanced. The mechanism is based on electron transfer from the n-type semiconductor to the binder resite lattice. The result is a flexible, partially graphitized carbon bonding matrix. This aspect had been studied previously in a CaO-MgO-C system and is of great interest with regard to reduced emissions and environmentally friendly refractory materials.
Meteorological conditions in the central Arctic summer during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS)

Abstract. Understanding the rapidly changing climate in the Arctic is limited by a lack of understanding of underlying strong feedback mechanisms that are specific to the Arctic. Progress in this field can only be obtained by process-level observations; this is the motivation for intensive ice-breaker-based campaigns such as the Arctic Summer Cloud-Ocean Study (ASCOS), described here. However, detailed field observations also have to be put in the context of the larger-scale meteorology, and short field campaigns have to be analysed within the context of the underlying climate state and temporal anomalies from this. To aid in the analysis of other parameters or processes observed during this campaign, this paper provides an overview of the synoptic-scale meteorology and its climatic anomaly during the ASCOS field deployment. It also provides a statistical analysis of key features during the campaign, such as key meteorological variables, the vertical structure of the lower troposphere and clouds, and energy fluxes at the surface. In order to assess the representativity of the ASCOS results, we also compare these features to similar observations obtained during three earlier summer experiments in the Arctic Ocean: the AOE-96, SHEBA and AOE-2001 expeditions. We find that these expeditions share many key features of the summertime lower troposphere. Taking ASCOS and the previous expeditions together, a common picture emerges with a large amount of low-level cloud in a well-mixed shallow boundary layer, capped by a weak to moderately strong inversion where moisture, and sometimes also cloud top, penetrate into the lower parts of the inversion. Much of the boundary-layer mixing is due to cloud-top cooling and subsequent buoyant overturning of the cloud. The cloud layer may, or may not, be connected with surface processes depending on the depths of the cloud and surface-based boundary layers and on the relative strengths of surface-shear and cloud-generated turbulence. The latter also implies a connection between the cloud layer and the free troposphere through entrainment at cloud top.
Open-loop versus closed-loop control of MEMS devices: choices and issues

From a controls point of view, micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) can be driven in an open-loop and closed-loop fashion. Commonly, these devices are driven open-loop by applying simple input signals. If these input signals become more complex by being derived from the system dynamics, we call such control techniques pre-shaped open-loop driving. The ultimate step for improving precision and speed of response is the introduction of feedback, e.g. closed-loop control. Unlike macro mechanical systems, where the implementation of the feedback is relatively simple, in the MEMS case the feedback design is quite problematic, due to the limited availability of sensor data, the presence of sensor dynamics and noise, and the typically fast actuator dynamics. Furthermore, a performance comparison between open-loop and closed-loop control strategies has not been properly explored for MEMS devices. The purpose of this paper is to present experimental results obtained using both open- and closed-loop strategies and to address the comparative issues of driving and control for MEMS devices. An optical MEMS switching device is used for this study. Based on these experimental results, as well as computer simulations, we point out advantages and disadvantages of the different control strategies, address the problems that distinguish MEMS driving systems from their macro counterparts, and discuss criteria to choose a suitable control driving strategy.
The combined effect of soil‐applied azadirachtin with entomopathogens for integrated management of western flower thrips

Performance of soil application of azadirachtin products with entomopathogens was evaluated as single treatments, in multiple combinations and in different concentrations against the soil stages of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in French beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. Treatments consisted of NeemAzal‐T solution, neem pellets, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) Nemastar®, isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (IPP 2539 and ICIPE‐69) and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) – Naturalis®. All treatments were analysed for the number of emerging adults, while emerged adults in fungi‐based treatments were analysed additionally for the retarded development of mycosis as a possible cause of secondary mortality. Possible interactive effects in combined treatments were analysed using a generalized linear model (GLM) approach, and three levels of dose–response combinations of the selected treatments were further tested. Bioassay results of the single treatments indicated between 43% and 60% reduction in adult emergence with NeemAzal‐T solution thus proving to be the most efficient. However, most cadavers with entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) treatments showed the development of mycosis. Therefore, the reduction in adult emergence attributed to the EPF was altogether >87%. Combined treatments with Steinernema, Metarhizium (ICIPE‐69), NeemAzal‐T and neem pellets resulted in total reduction in adult emergence of 95–97% when late mortality by mycosis was considered. Of the treatment combinations, two showed synergistic, four additive and one an antagonistic response. Combining low concentration of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) (100 IJ/cm2) with NeemAzal‐T resulted in satisfactory control compared to the operational dose of EPN, while the highest concentration of M. anisopliae (108 conidia) combined with Steinernema showed the best performance with 74% reduction in adult emergence.