Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of bicycling helmets in preventing significant bicycle-related injuries in children.

OBJECTIVE. To identify bicycle-related injuries in children and the effect of helmet use on injury patterns and prevention. DESIGN. A prospective cohort of injured children with case-control design looking at serious head injuries and helmet use. SETTING. A tertiary care childrens' hospital emergency room. PATIENTS. All patients presenting between April 1, 1991 and September 30, 1993, between the ages of 3 and 16 years, with bicycle-related injuries were included. INTERVENTION. The Childrens' Hospital Injury Research and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) Database was used. Standardized information collected on each child included age and sex of the child; nature, location, and time of accident/injury; whether any safety devices were being used at the time of the accident; and the attending physician's determination of the injury(s) and treatment rendered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Injuries were categorized as major or minor, based upon a consensus of the authors, in a retrospective fashion. RESULTS. Separate bicycle accidents (n = 699) were recorded resulting in 856 injuries. Only 13.7% of the children were wearing helmets at the time of their accidents. Seventy-six serious head injuries were recorded. The risk of serious head injury was significantly greater when a helmet was not worn (chi 2 0.01
Protective Effects of ICAM-5 on amyloid beta peptide induced neurites degeneration

Objective To investigate the effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5) on PAJU cells’ injury induced by amyloid beta peptide (Aβ42 and Aβ35). Methods The human ICAM-5 gene transfected PAJU-ICAM-5 and empty vector transfected PAJU-NEO cells were used as neuronal models. Both PAJU-ICAM-5 and PAJU-NEO were treated with 0.5 nM and 0.8 nM of Aβ35 and Aβ42 respectively for 24 hrs,48 hrs or 96 hrs. Contrast phase microscope was used to observe the changes of morphology and measure neurites length. Immunofluorescence microscope was used to observe the changes in the neurites termination.Results Both PAJU-ICAM-5 and PAJU-NEO cells were partial injured after Aβ treatment. The PAJU-ICAM-5 cells had relatively normal morphous,with less severe injuries. The average neurites length of PAJU-ICAM-5 cells were significantly longer than that of PAJU-NEO cells 24,48 and 96 hrs after 0.5 nM and 0.8 nM of Aβ35 and Aβ42 treatment (P0.05 or P0.01). The immunofluorescence results showed that the neurites of PAJU-NEO cells were blunted and shorten and the neuritis termination became glomerated;but there were no similar changes in neurites of PAJU-ICAM-5 cells after Aβ treaetment. Conclusions ICAM-5 can induce outgrowth of PAJU cells and diminish their morphologic impairments. It could protect PAJU-NEO cells from neurotoxicity induced by Aβ42 and Aβ35.
Agroecology: The Science Of Sustainable Agriculture, Second Edition

Based on new research results and practical findings, this revised edition text re-emphasizes the importance of agroecology as the discipline that provides the basic ecological principles for how to study, design and manage agroecosystems that are both productive and natural resource conserving, and are also culturally-sensitive, socially-just and economically viable. Agroecology goes beyond a one-dimensional view of agroecosystems - to embrace an understanding of ecological and social levels of coevolution, structure and function. However, ecological health is not the only goal of agroecology. In fact sustainability is not possible without preserving the cultural diversity that nurtures local agricultures. Stable production can only take place within the context of a social organization that protects the integrity of natural resources and nurtures the harmonious interaction of humans, the agroecosystem and the environment. The second edition incorporates new insights and concepts in the hope of helping guide agricultural students, researchers and practitioners to a deeper understanding of the ecology of agricultural systems that should open the doors to new management options more in tune with the objectives of a truly sustainable agriculture.
First Isolation and Identification of Cytophaga psychrophila from Cultured Ayu in Korea

Cytophaga psychrophila(syn. Flexibacter psychrophilus), the causative agent of cold-water disease, was originally isolated from coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)in the USA1). The bacterium has also been isolated from diseased rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). European eel(Anguilla anguilla), carp(Cyprinus carpio), tench(Tinca tinca), crucian carp(Carassius carassius)and ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis)in Europe and Japan2-4). From November 1996 to January 1997, many cultured ayu showing skin ulcer was observed in Chungbuk province, Ko rea. A Gram-negative, gliding and yellow-pigmented bacte ria(YPB)resembling C. psychrophila was isolated from af fected ayu. Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and antigenic haracteristics, the isolates were iden tified as C. psychrophila.
Zero-Phase Conversion of Marine Data Using One-Parameter Phase Filters and Kurtosis Maximization

Considerable research and development effort in seismic signal processing has been applied over the years to the problem of estimating the phase of the seismic wavelet. This is information that is lacking in the second order statistics (the autocorrelation) that are the usual input to industry standard processing techniques. Wavelet phase can be estimated by the minimum-phase condition, but several authors have shown that likely errors in the input to the computation can produce large errors in the resulting phase estimates. The central assertion of this paper is that in many cases the phase spectrum of the processed wavelet has a very simple general form. For processing conforming to the minimum-phase assumption. the phase of the processed wavelet is inversely proportional to frequency, and can be simply characterised by one-parameter which is the constant or proportionality. We reach this conclusion from both an experimental investigation of zero-phase processing and from a theoretical analysis of the likely errors in minimum-phase computation. We tested the assertion by reviving the maximum kurtosis technique of Fourmann (1985). This leads to an extension of that technique in which. rather than the constant phase-rotation originally proposed by Fourmann, we use zero-phase conversion filters of the form P/f, P a constant to be determined by kurtosis maximization.
Patients’ Experiences of Nurse Case-Managed Osteoporosis Care: A Qualitative Study

Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that is often left untreated. Nurse case-managers can double rates of appropriate treatment in those with new fractures. However, little is known about patients’ experiences of a nurse case-managed approach to osteoporosis care. Objective: Our aim was to describe patients’ experiences of nurse case-managed osteoporosis care. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive design was used. We recruited patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a nurse case-management approach. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted which were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Data were managed with ATLAS.ti version 7. Results: We interviewed 15 female case-managed patients. Most (60%) were 60-years or older, 27% had previous fracture, 80% had low bone mineral density tests, and 87% had good osteoporosis knowledge. Three major themes emerged from our analysis: acceptable information to inform decision-making; reasonable and accessible care provided; and appropriate information to meet patient needs. Conclusions: This study provides important insights about older female patients’ experiences with nurse case-managed care for osteoporosis. Our findings suggest that this model to osteoporosis clinical care should be sustained and expanded in this setting, if proven effective. In addition, our findings point to the importance of applying patient-centered care across all dimensions of quality to better enhance the patients’ experience of their health care.
Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of Essential Oils of Northern Moroccan Plants

Aims : This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of five essential oils (EOs) extracted from the aerial parts (leaves and flowering tops) of three species growing in the north of Morocco: Origanum elongatum , Thymus capitatus and Mentha suaveolens . Study Design: Chemical analysis of EOs, antibacterial and antiviral activities of EOs. Place and Duration of Study : Department of Biology (Faculty of Sciences), Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), between September 2009 and December 2009. Methodology : The EO constituents were extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by
Kinetic Studies of Polyphenol Oxidase from White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Tuber

Enzymatic browning is engendered by conversion of monophenols (cresolase activity) and ortho-diphenols (catecholase activity) to reactive ortho-quinones in the presence of molecular oxygen by polyphenol oxidases (PPOs). The present study ascertained the inhibition kinetics of PPO extracted from Dioscorea rotundata tuber in the presence of non-toxic sulfhydryl amino acid (L-cysteine) and appraised other connecting kinetic and thermodynamic properties of D. rotundata PPO (DR-PPO). DR-PPO was extracted and purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, ultrafiltration and dialysis. Thermodynamic parameters and DR-PPO activity were measured by standard methods. Kinetic analyses showed that 4.0 mM L-cysteine displayed non-competitive inhibition prototype with DR-PPO experimental substrate. The affinity of L-cysteine for DR-PPO inhibitor binding site was ≈ 25 folds greater than that of catechol for the enzyme active site. Arrhenius plot gave an approximate first-order reaction with activation energy (Ea)=60.07 kJ mole-1. DR-PPO activity upon incubation at T=50°C for 5 min resulted to 28.11 ± 0.05% decay in relative enzyme activity. Likewise, within experimental pH values (pH 7.5-10.5 units), decay in relative DR-PPO activity ranged between 19.39 ± 0.01% - 65.11 ± 0.05%. Furthermore, pH/DR-PPO activity profile displayed three peak values, which suggests the presence of DR-PPO isoforms. The present study propose the use of L-cysteine as an alternative inhibitor for DR-PPO activity alongside with thermal inactivation (T>70°C for 15 min) and pH adjustment (pH<7.5 units for 15 min) to alleviative and serve as control measures against enzymatic browning reactions in D. rotundata tuber.
A Review of Starch Biosynthesis in Relation to the Building Block-Backbone Model

Starch is a water-insoluble polymer of glucose synthesized as discrete granules inside the stroma of plastids in plant cells. Starch reserves provide a source of carbohydrate for immediate growth and development, and act as long term carbon stores in endosperms and seed tissues for growth of the next generation, making starch of huge agricultural importance. The starch granule has a highly complex hierarchical structure arising from the combined actions of a large array of enzymes as well as physicochemical self-assembly mechanisms. Understanding the precise nature of granule architecture, and how both biological and abiotic factors determine this structure is of both fundamental and practical importance. This review outlines current knowledge of granule architecture and the starch biosynthesis pathway in relation to the building block-backbone model of starch structure. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge in relation to our understanding of the structure and synthesis of starch, and argue that the building block-backbone model takes accurate account of both structural and biochemical data.
Like clouds in a windy sky: Mindfulness training reduces negative affect reactivity in daily life in a randomized controlled trial.

While prior research has found mindfulness to be linked with emotional responses to events, less is known about this effect in a non-clinical sample. Even less is known regarding the mechanisms of the underlying processes: It is unclear whether participants who exhibit increased acceptance show decreased emotional reactivity (i.e., lower affective responses towards events overall) or a speedier emotional recovery (i.e., subsequent decrease in negative affect) due to adopting an accepting stance. To address these questions, we re-analyzed two Ambulatory Assessment data sets. The first (NStudy1 = 125) was a six-week randomized controlled trial (including a 40-day ambulatory assessment); the second (NStudy2 = 175) was a one-week ambulatory assessment study. We found state mindfulness to be more strongly associated with emotional reactivity than with recovery, and that only emotional reactivity was significantly dampened by mindfulness training. Regarding the different facets of mindfulness, we found that the strongest predictor of both emotional reactivity and recovery was non-judgmental acceptance. Finally, we found that being aware of one's own thoughts and behavior could be beneficial or detrimental for emotional recovery, depending on whether participants accepted their thoughts and emotions. Together, these findings provide evidence for predictions derived from the monitoring and acceptance theory. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Novel Formulations for Non-Invasive Delivery and Stabilization of Peptides

Alkylsaccharides composed ofdisaccharides and alkyl chain substituentswith lengths between 10 and 16 carbonshave been shown to be among the mosteffective transmucosal absorptionenhancers for peptides, proteins, andsmall molecule drugs. Two classes ofalkylsaccharides in particular,alkylglycosides, most notably tetradecyl-and dodecyl maltoside, and alkyl esters,especially sucrose monododecanoate(Figure 1), have been found to beparticularly useful and effective,combining unmatched absorptionenhancement with a high degree of safetyand lack of toxicity. More recently, theyhave been demonstrated to be highlyeffective in preventing peptide andprotein aggregation and stabilizingproteins against denaturation underconditions of elevated temperatures andmechanical stress.
Diagnostic Delay Is Associated with Complicated Disease and Growth Impairment in Paediatric Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND Paediatric data on the association between diagnostic delay and IBD complications are lacking. We aimed to determine the effect of diagnostic delay on stricturing/fistulising complications, surgery and growth impairment in a large paediatric cohort and to identify predictors of diagnostic delay. METHODS We conducted a national, prospective multi-centre IBD inception cohort study, including 1399 children. Diagnostic delay was defined as time from symptom onset to diagnosis >75 th percentile. Multivariable proportional hazards (PH) regression was used to examine the association between diagnostic delay and stricturing/fistulising complications and surgery, and multivariable linear regression to examine the association between diagnostic delay and growth. Predictors of diagnostic delay were identified using Cox PH regression. RESULTS Overall (64% CD, 36% UC/IBD-U; 57% male), median time to diagnosis was 4.2 (IQR 2.0-9.2) months. For the overall cohort, diagnostic delay was >9.2 months; in CD, >10.8 months and in UC/IBD-U, >6.6 months. In CD, diagnostic delay was associated with a 2.5-times higher rate of strictures/internal fistulae (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.41-4.56). Every additional month of diagnostic delay was associated with a decrease in height-for-age z-score of 0.13 standard deviations (95% CI 0.005-0.021). Associations persisted after adjusting for disease location and therapy. No independent association was observed between diagnostic delay and surgery in CD or UC/IBD-U. Diagnostic delay was more common in CD, particularly small bowel CD. Abdominal pain, including isolated abdominal pain in CD, was associated with diagnostic delay. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic delay represents a risk factor for stricturing/internal fistulising complications and growth impairment in paediatric CD.
Monitoring the ecological status of rivers with diatom eDNA metabarcoding: A comparison of taxonomic markers and analytical approaches for the inference of a molecular diatom index

Recently, several studies demonstrated the usefulness of diatom eDNA metabarcoding as an alternative to assess the ecological quality of rivers and streams. However, the choice of the taxonomic marker as well as the methodology for data analysis differ between these studies, hampering the comparison of their results and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare two taxonomic markers commonly used in diatom metabarcoding and three distinct analytical approaches to infer a molecular diatom index. We used the values of classical morphological diatom index as a benchmark for this comparison. We amplified and sequenced both a fragment of the rbcL gene and the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene for 112 epilithic samples from Swiss and French rivers. We inferred index values using three analytical approaches: by computing it directly from taxonomically assigned sequences, by calibrating de novo the ecovalues of all metabarcodes, and by using a supervised machine learning algorithm to train predictive models. In general, the values of index obtained using the two “taxonomy‐free” approaches, encompassing molecular assignment and machine learning, were closer correlated to the values of the morphological index than the values based on taxonomically assigned sequences. The correlations of the three analytical approaches were higher in the case of rbcL compared to the 18S marker, highlighting the importance of the reference database which is more complete for the rbcL marker. Our study confirms the effectiveness of diatom metabarcoding as an operational tool for rivers ecological quality assessment and shows that the analytical approaches by‐passing the taxonomic assignments are particularly efficient when reference databases are incomplete.
Impact of Rotten Eggs on Hatchery Performances: A Multicentric Study

Simple Summary Improving day-old chick quality is essential for the overall profitability of the broiler productive cycle and has been associated with a decreased feed conversion rate, increased growth performance, resistance to infectious diseases, and welfare parameters. The hatchery practices are fundamental, since adequate hygiene and handling are crucial in reducing egg contamination and cross-contamination. Particularly, the efficient removal of rotten eggs has been suggested to reduce the overall bacterial burden contaminating the needle used for in-ovo vaccination, the nearby eggs, and the whole incubator/hatching room when broken. In the present multicentric study, including 11 European countries, a remarkable impact of the rotten egg percentage on hatchery productive parameters, such as the hatchability, embryo mortality, and level of contamination, was demonstrated. Efficient rotten egg removal and the application of new generation technologies for appropriate detection and removal tools should thus provide remarkable benefits for hatchery performances and indirectly for downstream poultry production. Abstract Day-old chick quality is an essential element for the overall profitability of the broiler productive cycle and has been associated with the growth performance and feed conversion rate. An effect on the development of the immune system was also reported, which could likely account for reduced susceptibility to infectious diseases and improved animal welfare parameters. Besides direct cost reduction, lower antimicrobial use and improved animal welfare are crucial in the directive of European Union legislation and are at the forefront of customer choices. Several factors contribute to determining the chick quality. Breeder flocks genetics, health, and management affect the egg features, quality, and bacterial load. However, hatchery practices play a pivotal role, since adequate hygiene and handling are fundamental in reducing egg contamination and cross-contamination. The presence of rotten eggs is often regarded as a major risk, since the internal bacterial load can contaminate the needle used for in-ovo vaccination, the nearby eggs, and the whole incubator/hatching room when broken. In the present multicentric study, representative of 40 hatcheries located in 11 European countries, a remarkable impact of the rotten egg percentage on the hatchery productive parameters, representative of the hatchability, embryo mortality, and level of contamination, was demonstrated. Efficient rotten egg removal and the application of appropriate detection and removal tools should thus provide remarkable benefits for hatchery performance and indirectly for downstream poultry production.
Opposition to Pharmacist Contraception Services: Evidence for Rebuttal

Pharmacist contraception services are growing across the United States. Several states have authorized pharmacists to prescribe contraception, and the interest in other states continues to grow. Opposition to these practices exists and centers on discussions related to safety, training, cost, and fragmentation of care. We review these arguments and provide evidence refuting these concerns. Pharmacist-prescribed contraception increases access to care, and patients express interest in utilizing this service at the pharmacy. Pharmacists follow evidence-based recommendations. Counseling on preventative services and referral to other providers is part of contraception care by pharmacists. Training programs have been developed to equip both pharmacy students and pharmacists with the knowledge, skills, and tools needed to successfully provide these services. This article can serve as a guide for pharmacists and advocates when discussing pharmacist-prescribed contraception with policymakers, patients, and other healthcare professionals.
Novel Mechanistic PBPK Model to Predict Renal Clearance in Varying Stages of CKD by Incorporating Tubular Adaptation and Dynamic Passive Reabsorption

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has significant effects on renal clearance (CLr) of drugs. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to predict CKD effects on transporter‐mediated renal active secretion and CLr for hydrophilic nonpermeable compounds. However, no studies have shown systematic PBPK modeling of renal passive reabsorption or CLr for hydrophobic permeable drugs in CKD. The goal of this study was to expand our previously developed and verified mechanistic kidney model to develop a universal model to predict changes in CLr in CKD for permeable and nonpermeable drugs that accounts for the dramatic nonlinear effect of CKD on renal passive reabsorption of permeable drugs. The developed model incorporates physiologically‐based tubular changes of reduced water reabsorption/increased tubular flow rate per remaining functional nephron in CKD. The final adaptive kidney model successfully (absolute fold error (AFE) all < 2) predicted renal passive reabsorption and CLr for 20 permeable and nonpermeable test compounds across the stages of CKD. In contrast, use of proportional glomerular filtration rate reduction approach without addressing tubular adaptation processes in CKD to predict CLr generated unacceptable CLr predictions (AFE = 2.61–7.35) for permeable compounds in severe CKD. Finally, the adaptive kidney model accurately predicted CLr of para‐amino‐hippuric acid and memantine, two secreted compounds, in CKD, suggesting successful integration of active secretion into the model, along with passive reabsorption. In conclusion, the developed adaptive kidney model enables mechanistic predictions of in vivo CLr through CKD progression without any empirical scaling factors and can be used for CLr predictions prior to assessment of drug disposition in renal impairment.