Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student and faculty perceptions of trust and their relationships to school success measures in an urban school district

The purpose of this study was to explore the concepts of student trust in teachers and teacher trust in clients and their influence on attendance, behavior, and student achievement. Successful schools are often associated with indicators such as high attendance rates, low rates of discipline referrals, and high-standardized test scores. The hypothesis that guided this study was that urban elementary schools, that successfully serve students, are able to effectively foster trusting relationships between students and teachers, and that trusting relationships help create the context in which participants can fully tap into the potential for success. Student trust in teachers was measured using the Student Trust in Teachers Survey (Adams & Forsyth, 2008) while faculty trust in clients was measured using the Faculty Trust in Clients subscale of the Faculty Trust Survey (Hoy & Tschannen-Moran, 2003). A strong positive correlation was found between student trust in teachers and faculty trust in clients (r = .60, p<.O 1 ). In addition, student trust in teachers was found to have a strong positive relationship to reading achievement (r = .61, p<.01) and math achievement (r = .61, p<.01) and a moderate relationship to student attendance (r = .38, p<.05). The relationship between student trust and the number of behavior referrals in schools was non-significant. Faculty trust in clients was strongly related to student achievement in reading (r = .75, p <.01) and mathematics (r = .78, p<.Ol). Moderate correlations were found between faculty trust in clients and student Running Head: TRUST AND STUDENT SUCCESS MEASURES attendance rates (r = .43, p<.05) and the behavior referral rate in a school (r = -.45, p<.Ol). Regression analysis indicated that teacher trust in students and socioeconomic status explained the most variance in achievement levels as measured by Virginia's Standards of Learning reading and math scores. These results suggest that fostering strong, trusting relationships between teacher and students is critical for schools to meet their goals. DENNIS MICHAEL MOORE JR. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY IN VIRGINIA 11
Repair of Methylation Damage in DNA and RNA by Mammalian AlkB Homologues*

Human and Escherichia coli derivatives of AlkB enzymes remove methyl groups from 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine in nucleic acids via an oxidative mechanism that releases the methyl group as formaldehyde. In this report, we demonstrate that the mouse homologues of the α-ketoglutarate Fe(II) oxygen-dependent enzymes mAbh2 and Abh3 have activities comparable to those of their human counterparts. The mAbh2 and mAbh3 release modified bases from both DNA and RNA. Comparison of the activities of the homogenous ABH2 and ABH3 enzymes demonstrate that these activities are shared by both sets of enzymes. An assay for the detection of α-ketoglutarate Fe(II) dioxygenase activity using an oligodeoxyribonucleotide with a unique modification shows activity for all four enzymes studied and a loss of activity for eight mutant proteins. Steady-state kinetics for removal of methyl groups from DNA substrates indicates that the reactions of the proteins are close to the diffusion limit. Moreover, mAbh2 or mAbh3 activity increases survival in a strain defective in alkB. The mRNAs of AHB2 and ABH3 are expressed most in testis for ABH2 and ABH3, whereas expression of the homologous mouse genes is different. The mAbh3 is strongly expressed in testis, whereas highest expression of mAbh2 is in heart. Other purified human AlkB homologue proteins ABH4, ABH6, and ABH7 do not manifest activity. The demonstration of mAbh2 and mAbh3 activities and their distributions provide data on these mammalian homologues of AlkB that can be used in animal studies.
CLINICAL LINGUISTIC AND AUDITORY MILESTONE SCALE: PREDICTION OF COGNITION IN INFANCY

At each well‐child examination between birth and two years, parents of 448 infants were questioned about their child's age at attainment of 25 linguistic and auditory milestones. Parental reports were compared with the results of independently administered Bayley Mental Developmental Index (MDI) at one year of age. Parental recall of information was high, ranging from 70 to 99 per cent for 21 of the 25 milestones. The milestone performance of infants with normal MDI scores showed an orderly, sequential progression of expressive and receptive language. Across the entire population studied, the correlation between milestone attainment and MDI was statistically significant for 24 of the 25 milestones, and later attainment of milestones correlated with lower MDI. As a group, ‘delayed’ infants (MDI <68) attained milestones significantly later than ‘average’ infants (MDI 85 to 116) for 20 of 25 items. Attention to linguistic and auditory milestones early in infancy can contribute to the early detection and diagnosis of mental retardation and disorders of communication.
Robot belt grinding trajectory optimization based on GLS-PSO

To automatically generate the reference trajectory of control parameters in robot belt grinding system, this paper presents a Genetic and Local Search-based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to optimize two main parameters, contact force and feed rate. The proposed approach takes advantage of Local Search Technology to accelerate the learning and searching process, which is expected to improve the quality of particles as well; Meanwhile, Genetic crossover between individuals is used to combine good genes to produce better offspring. The experimental results show that the GLS-PSO is superior to LS-PSO, G-PSO and S-SPO in terms of both algorithm performance and optimized effects. In addition, the proposed GLS-PSO algorithm meets the requirements of industrial control in robotic belt grinding, which demonstrates the feasibility of this method.
Effect of hypercholesterolemia on experimental colonic anastomotic wound healing in rats.

AIM To evaluate the mechanical and biochemical parameters of colonic anastomotic healing in hypercholesterolemic rats. METHODS Sixty rats were divided into two groups of 30 each according to their dietary regimens. The test group was fed with a high cholesterol-containing diet for two months while the control group had standard diet. These two groups were further divided into three subgroups consisting of ten rats each. After hypercholesterolemia was established, left colon resection and anastomosis were performed in both groups and samples from liver and abdominal aorta were taken to evaluate the systemic effects of hypercholesterolemia. Anastomotic wound healing, blow-out pressures and tissue hydroxyproline levels were evaluated. RESULTS The test group had a significant weight gain in two months. Microscopic examination of the abdominal aorta revealed no atherosclerotic change in none of the groups, but liver tissue specimens showed significant steatosis in the test group. Tissue hydroxyproline levels and anastomotic blow-out pressures were significantly lower in the test group than in the controls. CONCLUSION Hypercholesterolemia not only increases hydroxyproline levels and blow-out pressures but also worsens anastomotic wound healing.
In Situ Diagnostics and Prognostics of Solder Fatigue in IGBT Modules for Electric Vehicle Drives

This paper proposes an in situ diagnostic and prognostic (D&P) technology to monitor the health condition of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) used in EVs with a focus on the IGBTs' solder layer fatigue. IGBTs' thermal impedance and the junction temperature can be used as health indicators for through-life condition monitoring (CM) where the terminal characteristics are measured and the devices' internal temperature-sensitive parameters are employed as temperature sensors to estimate the junction temperature. An auxiliary power supply unit, which can be converted from the battery's 12-V dc supply, provides power to the in situ test circuits and CM data can be stored in the on-board data-logger for further offline analysis. The proposed method is experimentally validated on the developed test circuitry and also compared with finite-element thermoelectrical simulation. The test results from thermal cycling are also compared with acoustic microscope and thermal images. The developed circuitry is proved to be effective to detect solder fatigue while each IGBT in the converter can be examined sequentially during red-light stopping or services. The D&P circuitry can utilize existing on-board hardware and be embedded in the IGBT's gate drive unit.
Does Exchange Rate Undervaluation Matter for Exports and Trade Margins? Evidence from Firm-Level Data

Exploiting a new dataset available for four countries (Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen), this paper assesses the claim that real exchange rate undervaluation affects both the quantity of exports (intensive margin) and the probability of exporting a certain product to a certain destination (extensive margin) of trade in Arab countries. We find robust evidence suggesting that RER depreciation/undervaluation promotes exports at both the intensive and the extensive margins. Moreover, when financial openness is driven by FDI the latter reinforces the RER effects, but it tends to counter it when it is mainly dominated by non-FDI flows. In this case there will be even a more dire need for a higher economy-wide subsidy through an undervalued real currency in order for manufacturing exporting firms to grow at the intensive margin, and especially for overcoming the more challenging impediments of opening new markets or developing new export products.
MoS2 actuators: reversible mechanical responses of MoS2-polymer nanocomposites to photons

New molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based polymer composites and their reversible mechanical responses to light are presented, suggesting MoS2 as an excellent candidate for energy conversion. Homogeneous mixtures of MoS2/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites (0.1–5 wt.%) were prepared and their near infrared (NIR) mechanical responses studied with increasing pre-strains. NIR triggering resulted in an extraordinary change in stress levels of the actuators by ~490 times. Actuation responses of MoS2 polymer composites depended on applied pre-strains. At lower levels of pre-strains (3–9%) the actuators showed reversible expansion while at high levels (15–50%), the actuators exhibited reversible contraction. An opto-mechanical conversion (η)∼0.5-3 MPa W−1 was calculated. The ratio of maximum stress due to photo-actuation (σmax) at 50% strain to the minimum stress due to photo-actuation (σmin) at 3% strain was found to be ∼315-322% for MoS2 actuators (for 0.1 to 5 wt.% additive), greater than single layer graphene (∼188%) and multi-wall nanotube (∼172%) photo-mechanical actuators. Unlike other photomechanical actuators, the MoS2 actuators exhibited strong light–matter interactions and an unambiguous increase in amplitude of photomechanical response with increasing strains. A power law dependence of σmax/σmin on strains with a scaling exponent of β = 0.87–1.32 was observed, suggesting that the origin of photomechanical response is intertwined dynamically with the molecular mechanisms at play in MoS2 actuators.
Fetal and Maternal Effects of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine during Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery

Background In our routine practice, we observed a reduced incidence of fetal acidosis (umbilical artery p H < 7.20) at cesarean delivery during spinal anesthesia when a combination of phenylephrine and ephedrine was used as first line vasopressor therapy, compared with using ephedrine alone. Methods The study was randomized and double blind. It compared phenylephrine 100 &mgr;g/ml (phenylephrine group), ephedrine 3 mg/ml (ephedrine group), and phenylephrine 50 &mgr;g/ml combined with ephedrine 1.5 mg/ml (combination group), given by infusion, to maintain maternal systolic arterial pressure at baseline during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Results Fetal acidosis was less frequent in the phenylephrine group (1 of 48) (P = 0.004) and less frequent in the combination group (1 of 47) (P = 0.005) than in the ephedrine group (10 of 48). The mean systolic arterial pressure was similar for the three groups: Phenylephrine group median 98% (IQR 94–103) of baseline, ephedrine group 100% (96–106) and combination group 101% (97–108) (P = 0.11). The mean heart rate was higher in the ephedrine group (median 107% [IQR 99–118] of baseline) than in the phenylephrine group (88% [82–98]) (P < 0.0001), or the combination group (96% [86–102]) (P < 0.0001). Nausea and vomiting were less frequent in the phenylephrine group (nausea 17%, vomiting 0%) than in the ephedrine group (nausea 66%, vomiting 36%) (P < 0.0001), or the combination group (nausea 55%, vomiting 18%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Giving phenylephrine alone by infusion at cesarean delivery was associated with a lower incidence of fetal acidosis and maternal nausea and vomiting than giving ephe-drine alone. There was no advantage to combining phenylephrine and ephedrine because it increased nausea and vomiting, and it did not further improve fetal blood gas values, compared with giving phenylephrine alone.
Combining Multiple Markers to Improve the Longitudinal Rate of Progression: Application to Clinical Trials on the Early Stage of Alzheimer's Disease

Clinical trials in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reaching a bottleneck because none of the current disease markers changes appreciably early in the disease process and therefore a huge sample is required to adequately power such trials. We propose a method to combine multiple markers so that the longitudinal rate of progression can be improved. The criterion is to maximize the probability that the combined marker will be decreased over time (assuming a negative mean slope for each marker). We propose estimating the weights of markers in the optimum combination and a confidence interval estimate of the combined rate of progression through the maximum likelihood estimates and a bootstrap procedure. We conduct simulations to assess the performance of our estimates and compare our approach with the first principal component from a principal component analysis. The proposed method is applied to a real-world sample of individuals with preclinical AD to combine measures from two cognitive domains. The combined cognitive marker is finally used to design future clinical trials on preclinical AD, demonstrating a significant reduction in the sample sizes needed to power such trials when compared with individual markers alone.
Emerging from the Chrysalis: Participatory Governance in Australian Local Government

This paper identifies types of citizen participation in local government in Australia, in particular focusing on the past two decades when local government systems have been the focus of intense reform. The paper considers the extent to which contemporary views of participatory governance have taken root at local level and concludes that despite reforms intended to engage local citizens more in local government activity, citizen participation is only beginning to emerge into arrangements that might be described as “participatory governance. ” It also argues that for participatory governance to be further developed, both the internal and external constraints for local government will need to be recognized and addressed. Unless this occurs, leadership may often have to come from organizations outside institutional local government.
Regulatory Phosphorylation of C4 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (A Cardinal Event Influencing the Photosynthesis Rate in Sorghum and Maize)

C4 leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) is subject to a day/night regulatory phosphorylation cycle. By using the cytoplasmic protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX), we previously reported that the reversible in vivo light activation of the C4 PEPC protein-serine kinase requires protein synthesis. In the present leaf gas-exchange study, we have examined how and to what extent the CHX-induced inhibition of PEPC protein kinase activity/PEPC phosphorylation in the light influences C4 photosynthesis. Detached Sorghum vulgare and maize (Zea mays) leaves fed 10 [mu]M CHX showed a gradual but marked decrease in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation capacity. A series of control experiments designed to assess deleterious secondary effects of the inhibitor established that this reduction in C4 leaf CO2 assimilation was not due to (a) an increased stomatal resistance to CO2 diffusion, (b) a decrease in the activation state of other photoactivated C4 cycle enzymes, and (c) a perturbation of the Benson-Calvin C3 cycle, as evidenced by the absence of an inhibitory effect of CHX on leaf photosynthesis by a C3 grass (Triticum aestivum). It is notable that the CHX-induced decrease in CO2 assimilation by illuminated Sorghum leaves was highly correlated with a decrease in the apparent phosphorylation status of PEPC and a concomitant change in carbon isotope discrimination consistent with a shift from a C4 to a C3 mode of leaf CO2 fixation. These collective findings indicate that the light-dependent activation of the PEPC protein-serine kinase and the resulting phosphorylation of serine-8 or serine-15 in Sorghum or maize PEPC, respectively, are fundamental regulatory events that influence leaf C4 photosynthesis in vivo.
Performance of decode-and-forward opportunistic cooperation with channel estimation errors

In this paper, we investigate the outage performance of decode-and-forward (DF) based opportunistic cooperative communications with channel estimation errors at the receivers under Rayleigh fading channels, in which the effect of the direct link has been explicitly evaluated. To be specific, the exact expression of outage probability has been derived for arbitrary values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when pilot power is fixed. Through asymptotic analysis, the closed-form expressions of outage probability in the high SNR region and the diversity order are obtained. The analysis shows that the channel estimation errors due to limited pilot power impose a significant impact on the outage performance, leading to the diversity order be 0 even when the direct link is available. Although deploying more relays can mitigate the estimation errors effectively, the performance limit caused by the estimation errors becomes more obvious as SNR grows. For specific pilot power configuration and relay deployment, the outage probability remains unchanged even if data power approaches to infinity. Furthermore, simulation results are presented to verify our analysis.
The Normal Increase in Adrenal Secretion During Pregnancy Contributes to Maternal Volume Expansion and Fetal Homeostasis

Objective: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the increase in maternal cortisol and aldosterone in pregnancy is critical to maternal and fetal homeostasis. Methods: Pregnant ewes were adrenalectomized (at approximately 112 days), and aldosterone and cortisol were given to either normal pregnant level (1 mg/kg per day cortisol and 3 μg/kg per day aldosterone) or nonpregnant level (half the dose of either cortisol or aldosterone). Blood samples for measurement of fetal and maternal plasma electrolytes, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were collected at days 120, 125, and 130; fetal and maternal blood pressure and heart rate and maternal plasma volume were measured at days 120 and 130. Results: Reduction of maternal cortisol or aldosterone decreased maternal plasma volume at 130 days. In the fetuses in the low cortisol group, cortisol concentrations were lower and ACTH concentrations were higher; however, there was no increase in fetal cortisol with age in the low cortisol or low aldosterone groups. Fetal arterial pressure was decreased in all groups of adrenalectomized ewes at 120 days and decreased in the low cortisol group at 130 days. Fetal arterial pressure was significantly related to maternal plasma volume at 130 days. Fetal arterial oxygen tension at 120 days was decreased in fetuses of low aldosterone ewes and was correlated with plasma volume. Overall fetal arterial oxygen tension correlated with fetal cortisol. Fetal ACTH concentrations correlated positively with fetal cortisol but negatively with fetal blood pressure. Conclusion: Maternal adrenal secretion maintains the normal increase in maternal plasma volume and fetal cortisol and indirectly supports fetal arterial oxygen tension, blood pressure, and adrenal secretion.
Venous Thromboembolism as Predictor of Acute Care Hospital Transfer and Inpatient Rehabilitation Length of Stay

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of venous thromboembolism (VTE) on rate of acute care hospital transfer, inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) length of stay (LOS), and functional outcomes. Design This was a retrospective cohort study of 2312 consecutive patient discharges from a single IPR facility over an 18-month period. Results When age, sex, reason for admission, and admission Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were controlled for, those with VTE had nearly 2 times greater odds for transfer to acute care hospital than did those without a diagnosis of VTE. Inpatient rehabilitation LOS was 4.700 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.956–6.445 days) longer for those with a diagnosis of VTE prior to IPR admission and 2.287 days (95% CI, 1.026–3.547 days) longer for those with a diagnosis of VTE during IPR admission compared with those without a diagnosis of VTE. There was no difference in FIM change based on VTE diagnosis. Venous thromboembolism diagnosis during IPR was associated with a significant decrease in FIM efficiency (−0.358; 95% CI, −0.654 to −0.062) if diagnosed during IPR admission, but there was no difference in FIM efficiency if VTE was diagnosed prior to IPR. Conclusions Patients with a diagnosis of VTE were more likely to be transferred to the acute care hospital and have longer IPR LOS independent of admission FIM scores. It is important to prevent development of VTE. To Claim CME Credits Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry. org/JournalCME CME Objectives Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) understand the association of venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnosis with acute hospital transfer and inpatient rehabilitation length of stay; (2) identify reasons for acute hospital transfer in patients diagnosed with VTE; and (3) understand the relationship between VTE diagnosis and functional outcomes during inpatient rehabilitation. Level Advanced Accreditation The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.