Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uma abordagem psicossocial do estado nutricional e do comportamento alimentar de estudantes de nutrição

Los futuros nutricionistas, como cualquier individuo, son influenciados por factores psicosociales que condicionan su comportamiento alimentario, independientemente de su grado de conocimientos especificos. Este estudio se propuso caracterizar el comportamiento alimentario y el estado nutricional de estudiantes de Nutricion, discutiendolos a la luz de un abordaje psicosocial. La muestra analizada estaba compuesta por 167 alumnas (64 ingresantes y 103 avanzadas) de tres instituciones pertenecientes al Estado de San Pablo, con edades promedio de 21,6 anos (ingresantes) y 24,5 anos (avanzadas). La metodologia aplicada fue cuanticualitativa, mediante levantamiento de datos antropometricos, recordatorio alimentario de 24 horas, identificacion del estilo alimentario (por el Cuestionario Holandes do Comportamiento Alimentario) y realizacion de grupos focales para evaluacion de actitudes, percepciones y sentimientos relacionados con la alimentacion. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron 10,9% de alumnas ingresantes y 26,1% de avanzadas con exceso de peso y 10,9% de ingresantes con peso por debajo del normal. La ingestion energetica promedio (2.155Kcal. en las ingresantes; 1.800Kcal. en las avanzadas) puede considerarse suficiente y la distribucion porcentual de macro-nutrientes puede considerarse normal. En ambos grupos predominaron los indicios de que la alimentacion estaba determinada por factores externos y eso mostro correlacion con el total energetico de la dieta. Entre las estudiantes avanzadas se observo una tendencia a la restriccion alimentaria e influencia del componente emocional, ambas asociadas al aumento de peso. Se concluye que los conocimientos adquiridos a lo largo de la Carrera no fueron suficientes para adquirir el control deseado, ya que factores emocionales y socioculturales dificultaron su incorporacion a la practica alimentaria habitual de las alumnas
Moving superhydrophobic surfaces toward real-world applications

Standardized wear and durability testing is needed to advance the best materials Superhydrophobic surfaces have received rapidly increasing research interest since the late 1990s because of their tremendous application potential in areas such as self-cleaning and anti-icing surfaces, drag reduction, and enhanced heat transfer (1–3). A surface is considered superhydrophobic if a water droplet beads up (with contact angles >150°), and moreover, if the droplet can slide away from the surface readily (i.e., it has small contact angle hysteresis). Two essential features are generally required for superhydrophobicity: a micro- or nanostructured surface texture and a nonpolar surface chemistry, to help trap a thin air layer that reduces attractive interactions between the solid surface and the liquid (4, 5). However, such surface textures are highly susceptible to mechanical wear, and abrasion may also alter surface chemistry. Both processes can lead to loss of liquid repellency, which makes mechanical durability a central concern for practical applications (6, 7). Identifying the most promising avenues to mechanically robust superhydrophobic materials calls for standardized characterization methods.
Growth curves of immature bones from a Scottish island population of sixteenth to mid‐nineteenth century: Limb‐bone diaphyses and some bones of the hand and foot

Growth curves were prepared for length of the diaphyses of the six major long bones of the limbs and for length of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid and the first metacarpals and metatarsals, of ages up to 20 years including several immature and many full-term fetuses. Most curves showed what appears to be a consistent adolescent growth spurt at about 17 years, but the number of specimens supporting these parts of the curves is too small for the validity of this spurt to be beyond doubt. The fetal diaphysis lengths were similar to those of Fazekas and Kosa and other recent populations but, compared with curves prepared from the Maresh radiographic data for recent caucasoids, the island diaphyseal growth rate, starting at about 4 months after birth, fell progressively behind so that, by 18 years for example, the femur was 90 mm shorter and the humerus 60 mm shorter than the Maresh equivalents. These findings accord with the short stature of the island adults (male mean 166.2 cm). The growth curves were closer to those of some ancient peoples, Amerindian, caucasoid and negroid, than to contemporary caucasoid. There is evidence of a secular change in growth in this island region because the calculated mean height at 18 years of this earlier island population is at the present time achieved by boys by about 14 years of age. Thus it is argued that the earlier population was affected by stunting factors. Although there is no skeletal evidence of malnutrition, there is plenty of evidence that the way of life was full of hardship in which the children shared. They took a full part in the arduous work involved in farming marginal-quality land; the houses were damp, cold, smoky and dark; they were overcrowded although, mainly because of the high infant-mortality rate, families were not large.
Her-2/Neu Overexpression in Invasive Bladder Carcinoma Among a Cohort of Egyptian Patients

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the commonest malignancies among Egyptian population with high morbidity and mortality rates. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2/Neu) seems to play role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of bladder carcinomas; however, its expression and prognostic significance were variable between different studies. This study evaluates the status of Her-2/Neu protein expression in invasive carcinomas of the bladder among a cohort of Egyptian patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and determines its relation to some clinicopathological factors. Methods: A number of 32 invasive bladder carcinoma patients treated with radical cystectomy were enrolled. Tumor sections were immunostained using anti-Her-2/Neu antibody and were evaluated by at least two pathologists. Statistical analysis was carried out with the Statistical Software Package Standard (SPSS). Results: Her-2/Neu membranous staining was observed in 20 carcinomas (62.5%). Statistical analysis revealed significant direct association between Her-2/Neu and both increasing grade of carcinoma (P = 0.001) and depth of tumor invasion (P = or < 0.001). Patient’s gender, histological subtype and the presence of bilharzial cystitis did not have any significant association with Her-2/Neu overexpression. Conclusion: Her-2/Neu immunopositivity was observed in a considerable proportion of cases with association to adverse prognostic factors, thus patients with high-grade, deeply invasive carcinoma of the bladder may benefit from Her-2/Neu-targeted therapies after radical cystectomy. World J Nephrol Urol. 2013;2(2):70-75 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/wjnu123w
Squeezing into superconductivity

Synchrotron light sources can be used to probe superconductivity at extreme pressures [Also see Report by Troyan et al.] The recent report of superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by Drozdov et al. (1) at a record high superconducting critical temperature Tc of 203 K and at high pressure (153 GPa) triggered excitement from both a fundamental and technological perspective. On page 1303 of this issue, Troyan et al. (2) confirm the finding by using an elegant and unexpected implementation of the Mössbauer technique at the third-generation synchrotron facility in Grenoble, France. They measured the Meissner effect (3)—the expulsion of magnetic field from the sample—thereby unequivocally confirming the existence of superconductivity. The new superconductor is believed to have a simple chemical formula, H3S. The superconductivity in H3S was predicted theoretically by Duan et al. (4) before the first experimental findings were reported. The technique has great potential for future studies of tiny samples squeezed to extremely high pressure. This experimental advance paves the road to probing superconductivity in metallic hydrogen, which is expected to be a room-temperature superconductor above 500 GPa (5).
Ciba Foundation Symposium: Control of Glycogen Metabolism.

Neurological interest in glycogen metabolism centers primarily upon two forms of glycogen storage disease. Pompe's disease affects skeletal muscle and motor neurones in addition to the heart, and McArdle's disease was the first inherited myopathy in which the enzyme defect was recognized. These conditions are discussed at length in this 1963 Ciba Foundation Symposium. Two new neurological conditions are also described: a myopathy due to lack of amylo-1,6-glucosidase (Larner) and a form of hypoglycemia due to lack of glycogen synthetase (Spencer-Peet). Schmid, Manners, Illingworth, Brown, Hers, and Larner provide comprehensive and authoritative discussions of each form of glycogen storage disease. There is an interesting general discussion of such practical considerations as the proper preparation and storage of tissue samples, and the appropriate enzymes to be assayed in new cases. There are several warnings about apparent, but not real, enzyme defects due to artifacts. It is possible to construct a map
A Fully Integrated Variable-Gain Multi-tanh Low-Noise Amplifier for Tunable FM Radio Receiver Front-End

In this paper, we present a two-stage variable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA) used in a frequency modulation (FM) radio receiver front-end for a variety of portable audio devices. We also describe a tunable antenna interface and a voltage regulator used in the front-end. The front-end can be tuned to resonate at FM frequencies from 63 to 129 MHz. The two-stage LNA achieves a programmable small-signal voltage gain from 0.5 to 32.5 dB in around 1-dB steps across the FM band from 76 to 108 MHz. Its input-referred noise voltage is less than 1.5 nV/radicHz in the high gain mode. Furthermore, the linearity of the LNA and front-end is improved by employing the multi-tanh design principle. In the low and high gain modes of the LNA, the measured IIP3 are -5.2 and -16.5 dBm, respectively, compared with -10.5 and -25.5 dBm without using the multi-tanh doublets. The whole LNA is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18-mum CMOS technology. It draws maximum 4.5 mA current (5.5 mA including the regulator) from a 1.35-V supply and occupies 0.15 mm2 of chip area. Experimental and simulation results are both provided to demonstrate the performance of the LNA and front-end.
Arithmetic Unit for Finite Field ${\rm GF}(2^{m})$

An arithmetic unit (AU) that performs all basic arithmetic operations in the finite field GF(2m) is presented, where m is an arbitrary integer. The presented finite field AU consists of an arithmetic processor, an arithmetic logic unit, and a control unit. The proposed AU has low circuit complexity and is programmable, so that any error-correcting decoder that operates in GF(2m) can be easily implemented with this AU.
Differences among astrocytes

Neurons determine the specificity of local astrocytes [Also see Report by Farmer et al.] Astrocytes are diverse in morphology and molecular makeup (1, 2), potentially enabling them to provide for the varying needs of their diverse neuronal counterparts (3). What accounts for and maintains astrocyte heterogeneity are only beginning to be explored. One possibility is that the signals specifying astrocyte subpopulations might operate only during the critical phases of development, after which the cell is hardwired. Alternatively, these signals might be operational at all times. On page 849 of this issue, Farmer et al. (4) reveal that neuronal signals drive the molecular programs of astrocytes even during adult stages of life. This challenges the idea that astrocyte function is hardwired during development and provides a new mechanism for cellular plasticity in the adult brain.
System-Efficiency Analysis of Power Amplifier Supply-Tracking Regimes in Mobile Transmitters

Maintaining high RF efficiency in the transmitters of mobile phones is becoming more difficult as data rates rise with increasing modulation complexity and crest factor. In addressing the problem, it is critical for commercial suppliers of system solutions for mobile phones to understand exactly what gains can be achieved by the various options available before investing time, money and resources. This paper presents a comprehensive system analysis of the total efficiency gains achievable in the RF parts of a multimode transmitter that arise from adding a hybrid modulator between the battery and supply terminal of the power amplifier (PA). Behavioral modeling is used to simulate the modulator, the PA and the combination of the two under various envelope-tracking and polar-modulation regimes. The results are supported by measured data. They indicate that PA efficiency for EDGE and UMTS modes can be improved by as much as 20%, although this is easily negated by losses in the modulator.
A Time-Variant Analysis of Fundamental $1/f^{3}$ Phase Noise in CMOS Parallel $LC$ -Tank Quadrature Oscillators

This paper presents a rigorous time-variant analysis of the 1/f MOS device noise upconversion into 1/f phase noise for two of the most popular parallel-coupled quadrature CMOS harmonic oscillators. Simple closed-form equations for the fundamental 1/f 3 phase-noise spectrum are derived and validated through SpectreRF simulations, proving that the two topologies display remarkably different sensitivities to the low-frequency noise sources. Based on the developed analysis, useful general design insights are also presented.
Control of MEMS Vibration Modes With Pulsed Digital Oscillators: Part I—Theory

The aim of this paper is to show that it is possible to excite selectively different mechanical resonant modes of a MEMS structure using pulsed digital oscillators (PDOs). This can be done by simply changing the working parameters of the oscillator, namely its sampling frequency or its feedback filter. A set of iterative maps is formulated to describe the evolution of the spatial modes between two sampling events in PDOs. With this lumped model, it is established that under some circumstances PDO bitstreams related to only one of the resonances can be obtained, and that in the anti-oscillation regions of the PDO the mechanical energy is absorbed into the electrical domain on average. The possibility of selecting for a given resonant frequency the oscillation and anti-oscillation behavior allows one to obtain oscillations at any given resonant mode of the MEMS structure.
Design of a synthetic yeast genome

We describe complete design of a synthetic eukaryotic genome, Sc2.0, a highly modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome reduced in size by nearly 8%, with 1.1 megabases of the synthetic genome deleted, inserted, or altered. Sc2.0 chromosome design was implemented with BioStudio, an open-source framework developed for eukaryotic genome design, which coordinates design modifications from nucleotide to genome scales and enforces version control to systematically track edits. To achieve complete Sc2.0 genome synthesis, individual synthetic chromosomes built by Sc2.0 Consortium teams around the world will be consolidated into a single strain by “endoreduplication intercross. ” Chemically synthesized genomes like Sc2.0 are fully customizable and allow experimentalists to ask otherwise intractable questions about chromosome structure, function, and evolution with a bottom-up design strategy.
Microtubule doublets are double-track railways for intraflagellar transport trains

Stay on the right track Cilia contain a well-ordered array of microtubule doublets along their length. A longstanding question in cilium structure and function is why the microtubule arrangement in cilia is so complex. Stepanek and Pigino developed a time-resolved correlative fluorescence and three-dimensional electron microscopy method to show that the doublets provide directionality to intraflagellar transport. One microtubule in the pair moves cargoes up to the ciliary tip. Meanwhile, the other microtubule moves cargoes back to the cell body. These results explain why the axoneme is built out of microtubule doublets and suggest a mechanistic picture of how the logistics of bidirectional intraflagellar transport are regulated. Science, this issue p. 721 A correlative light and electron microscopy approach illuminates cargo transport within cilia. The cilium is a large macromolecular machine that is vital for motility, signaling, and sensing in most eukaryotic cells. Its conserved core structure, the axoneme, contains nine microtubule doublets, each comprising a full A-microtubule and an incomplete B-microtubule. However, thus far, the function of this doublet geometry has not been understood. We developed a time-resolved correlative fluorescence and three-dimensional electron microscopy approach to investigate the dynamics of intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains, which carry ciliary building blocks along microtubules during the assembly and disassembly of the cilium. Using this method, we showed that each microtubule doublet is used as a bidirectional double-track railway: Anterograde IFT trains move along B-microtubules, and retrograde trains move along A-microtubules. Thus, the microtubule doublet geometry provides direction-specific rails to coordinate bidirectional transport of ciliary components.
Dealing with non-determinism in communications within Java applications

New software technologies and languages have made easier (and maybe less error-prone) the development of distributed applications. Especially Java allows straightforward use of connection-oriented communications, typically utilized for accessing resources and services in Internet. Communication mechanisms over computer network could yield a non-deterministic behavior in distributed applications. A possible solution for checking effects related to non-deterministic behaviors is the insertion of tracing and replay capabilities into the programming environment. This paper investigates on the main causes of non-determinism in communications within Java distributed applications, and shows a solution for dealing with them providing tracing and replay capabilities. Such a solution relies on the automatic transformation of the application source code; It takes full advantage of the object-oriented structure of Java and it is portable over any standard implementation of the Java Virtual Machine.
Lead halides join the top optoelectronic league

Lead halide materials have the properties needed to reach the highest photovoltaic efficiencies [Also see Report by Pazos-Outón et al.] In any solar cell that begins to approach the theoretical limits of performance, an intense internal luminescence photon gas must be present (see the figure) (1). On page 1430 of this is sue, Pazos-Outón et al. (2) provide evidence for such an internal photon gas in lead halide photovoltaic cells. These materials thus have properties similar to those of GaAs and have the potential to be among the top-performing solar cell materials. This is scientifically remarkable, because these compounds are the first high-quality halide semiconductors. The materials show promise for photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser refrigeration, thermophotonics, and a host of other major optoelectronic applications.
Exponential $H_{\infty}$  Filter Design for Discrete Time-Delay Stochastic Systems With Markovian Jump Parameters and Missing Measurements

In this paper, the exponential H∞ filtering problem is studied for discrete time-delay stochastic systems with Markovian jump parameters and missing measurements. The measurement missing phenomenon, which is related to the modes of subsystems, is described in the form of random matrix function and the missing probability of each sensor at every mode is governed by an individual random variable taking values in the interval [0,1] . This description of missing measurements is more general than the existing ones, where the missing probability is described by a Bernoulli distribution white sequence or a certain diagonal matrix. By using Lyapunov method and the properties of conditional mathematical expectation, we propose a novel approach to achieve the delay-dependent exponential stability criterion such that the filtering error system is mean-square exponentially stable and satisfies a prescribed H∞ performance level. Moreover, there is no equation restriction on decay rate. Then, based on the obtained sufficient criterion, the filter matrices can be directly characterized by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the validity of the main result.
A 5 Gb/s Automatic Within-Pair Skew Compensator for Differential Data in 0.13 $\mu{\hbox{m}}$  CMOS

This paper presents an automatic within-pair skew compensator for high-speed differential data transmission. A wide-bandwidth data delay line is proposed to provide adjustable delay for data signals. Also presented is an on-chip within-pair skew detection circuit to detect skew between the differential data signals for automatic close-loop skew compensation. A within-pair skew compensator prototype for 5 Gb/s data was fabricated in 0.13 μm CMOS. Measurement results show that the within-pair skew compensator can automatically compensate for within-pair skew of ± 200 ps (± 1 unit interval). It consumes 20.4 mW from 1.2 V supply and occupies 0.015 mm2 die area.
Return to quiescence of mouse neural stem cells by degradation of a proactivation protein

Sending neural stem cells back to the garage In the brain's hippocampus, which modulates memories and emotions, neural stem cells generate new neurons, even during adulthood. How many new neurons are generated, and when, follows from the balance between quiescence and proliferation in the pool of neural stem cells. Urbán et al. asked what signals send proliferating stem cells back into a quiescent state. They found that a key transcription factor that promotes cellular proliferation was degraded through the ubiquitinylation system. This molecular interaction regulated the return to a resting state, but one that was not quite as quiescent as the original state. Stem cells in this resting but primed state sustained the stem cell pool. Science, this issue p. 292 Neurogenesis in the hippocampus depends on stem cells returning to a quiescent state via the rapid degradation of a key activation factor. Quiescence is essential for long-term maintenance of adult stem cells. Niche signals regulate the transit of stem cells from dormant to activated states. Here, we show that the E3-ubiquitin ligase Huwe1 (HECT, UBA, and WWE domain–containing 1) is required for proliferating stem cells of the adult mouse hippocampus to return to quiescence. Huwe1 destabilizes proactivation protein Ascl1 (achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1) in proliferating hippocampal stem cells, which prevents accumulation of cyclin Ds and promotes the return to a resting state. When stem cells fail to return to quiescence, the proliferative stem cell pool becomes depleted. Thus, long-term maintenance of hippocampal neurogenesis depends on the return of stem cells to a transient quiescent state through the rapid degradation of a key proactivation factor.