Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecção de pele humana em imagens veiculadas na web

A deteccao de pele humana em imagens digitais e utilizada para diversas aplicacoes como deteccao de faces, reconhecimento de gestos e deteccao de pornografia. A forma mais comum de deteccao de pele encontrada na literatura e atraves da cor. A variacao de iluminacao pode redundar em efeitos nocivos a deteccao de pele, pois a aparencia da cor de um objeto e diretamente relacionada com a forma em que ele e iluminado. Para a deteccao de pele pela cor exclusivamente, estrategias robustas as variaves de iluminacao e modelos descrevam corretamente o agrupamento das cores da pele devem ser utilizados. Ao enfrentarmos o problema de deteccao de pele em ambientes onde nao hai controle sobre as caracteri­sticas da imagem, nao encontramos resultados satisfatorios na literatura, principalmente quando se refere a tentativa de minimizar os efeitos da variacao de iluminacao. As estrategias de correcao de cor presentes na literatura melhoram consideravelmente a deteccao de pele em algumas situacoes especi­ficas, mas degradam esta classificacao em outras situacoes. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o desempenho de sete diferentes modelos de deteccao de pele, com quatro diferentes tipos de dados de entrada e propusemos uma estrategia para escolha das imagens que serao submetidas a correcao de cor e o tipo de tecnica de correcao de cor mais adequado para esta imagem. A tecnica que utiliza um modelo gaussiano bivariado, utilizando as duas primeiras componentes apos aplicarmos transformacao de componentes principais ao dados RGB da amostra de pele utilizada para treinamento resultou na melhor tecnica abordada nesse trabalho ao utilizarmos a correcao de cor proposta. Os resultados obtidos sao comparados por meio de diversas metricas derivadas da matriz de confusao, e se mostram pelo menos tao bons quanto os alcancados por tecnicas disponi­veis na literatura.
Interference between hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and soybean (Glycine max) in response to irrigation and nitrogen

Soybean yield loss from weed interference depends upon weed density and competitiveness of crop and weed species in response to environment. Soil water availability and nitrogen fertility were evaluated for their effect on competitiveness of individual species in field experiments. Early-season temperatures in 1995, which were cool compared to 1994, slowed hemp sesbania growth without affecting soybean growth. This resulted in negligible competition with soybean by hemp sesbania at densities of 3 or 6 plants m−2. In 1994, hemp sesbania grew above the soybean canopy, decreasing soybean light interception 29 to 68%, and reducing soybean yield 30 to 48%. Fertilizer nitrogen increased soybean competitiveness, as indicated by biomass production, only in irrigated plots with hemp sesbania at 3 m−2, but did not affect soybean yield. Apparently, competition for light is a primary cause of soybean yield loss from hemp sesbania infestations. In growth chamber studies, simulating temperatures from the field, hemp sesbania growth was stimulated more by warm temperatures than was soybean. Hemp sesbania and soybean dry weights increased 4.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively, at 30/20 C day/night temperatures compared to 25/15 C.
Miconia tristis Spring e Miconia doriana Cogn. (Melastomataceae) : anatomia do eixo vegetativo e folhas

An anatomical study of vegetative axis on two species from family Melastomataceae, Miconia tristis Spring and Miconia doriana Cogn. occur in Macaé de Cima Ecological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro. These species stand out for to such a degree or extent of similar intern and external morphology, dorsiventral organization the your blades, hypostomatic , vascular bundles in U and stellate trichomes. The results obtained showed the species are adapeted mesophytics environment and the difference betwen the species Miconia tristis is found basal position of the middle vein, lanceolate leaf blade while Miconia doriana present oval leaf blade, pocket domatia, and others characteristics.
Evaluation of Anti-Cancer Activity of Newly Synthesized Cobalt Complex of Coumarin Schiff Bases

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the newly synthesized cobalt complex of coumarin schiff base of vanillin (CCV) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced and phenobarbital promoted hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Material and Methods: Hepatocelluar carcinoma was induced by DEN at a single dose of 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally followed by administration of phenobarbital (0.05% w/v) daily from 2 week through drinking water up to 16 successive weeks and synthesized CCV given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg five days a week for the next 16 weeks. Cancer biomarker, oxidative stress and histopathological studies were carried out to assess the chemopreventive property of the compound. Results: vanillin Coumarin-cobalt complex at a dose of 10 mg/kg decreased the elevated level of alpha fetoprotein, biochemical markers and increases the reduced level of antioxidant enzymes (p<0.01). Discussion: The carcinogenic potential of DEN generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which modify cellular functions such as signal transduction pathways and expression of genes related to generation of mitogenic signals. These pathways lead to conversion of normal cell into cancer cell. The antitumor activity of coumarin is believed to be its metabolic product 7hydroxycoumarin. The studies showed that there is significant elevation of liver biochemical parameters in DEN+PB treated group. The vanillin coumarin-cobalt complex treated animals showed decreased the elevated levels of biochemical parameters and increase the decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that chemopreventive property of vanillin coumarin-cobalt complex could be due to decreased levels of cancer marker alpha fetoprotein and DNA content as well as scavenging of free radicals. Histopathological reports further confirms chemopreventive property.
Identification of Feeding Stimulants in the Krill Extract for Common Japanese Goby

Feeding stimulants for the common japanese goby Acanthogobius flavimanus were examined by omission test using the synthetic krill Euphausia pacifica extract, based on a daily feeding of casein diet with various test solution. The complete synthetic extract of krill possessed a remarkable feeding stimulant activity. Subdivision of the synthetic extract showed that the group of neutral amino acids plus nucleotides was highly active. However, the individual amino acids, nucleotides and other bases groups as well as the groups of amino acids plus other bases and nucleotides plus other bases were inherently lower active. Therefore, the feeding stimulant activity of synthetic extract of krill for the fish was considered to be due to the synergistic effect of neutral amino acids plus nucleotides.
Herd-level factors associated with longevity in Swedish dairy cattle

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to find herd-related factors associated with average longevity in Swedish dairy herds. Herds with short or long (bottom or top quartile) total life (from birth, TL, 841 and 839 herds) or productive life (from first calving, PL, 799 and 821 herds) were chosen. A logistic regression model was used to estimate associations between herd type and herd-related factors. Large herds and herds increasing in size by more than 50% were less likely to have long PL. High average milk yield was not a risk factor for short PL, but herds with the lowest yield were more likely to be long PL herds. These herds had lower estimated breeding values for milk, most likely due to a slower herd turnover rate. A high proportion of cows culled early in first lactation had a large effect on the probability of being a short PL herd.
Prédisposition mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l’Homme

Le bacille de Calmette et Guerin (BCG), vaccin vivant de la tuberculose, et les mycobacteries environnementales, dites non tuberculeuses (MNT), sont des mycobacteries peu virulentes cbez l'Homme. Elles peuvent cependant etre a l'origine d'infections severes cbez certains patients qui presentent un deficit immunitaire hereditaire. Nous avons contibue a decrire un nouveau groupe de deficits immunitaires bereditaires comprenant sept maladies genetiques, touchant quatre genes (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IL12B, IL12RB1), qui sont marquees par une susceptibilite severe et selective vis-a-vis des mycobacteries, qu'elles soient attenuees (vaccin BCG) ou atypiques (environnementales). Au plan medical, ces travaux ont permis de proposer un traitement fonde sur la connaissance de la physiopathologie : transplantation medullaire pour les defauts complets du recepteur de l'IFNγ, utilisation therapeutique de l'IFNy pour les autres. Au plan biologique, ces travaux ont permis de demontrer que l'IFNγ et l'IL-12 sont irremplacables chez l'Homme pour le controle des mycobacteries. Ces deux cytokines semblent meme jouer un role specifiquement anti-mycobacterien, dans la mesure ou les patients ne souffrent apparemment d'aucune autre infection. Ces travaux ont permis d'identifier les quatre premiers genes humains de susceptibilite aux mycobacteries. Peut-etre des defauts de ces genes sont-ils responsables de la predisposition genetique a la tuberculose dans la population generale, predisposition largement documentee au plan epidemiologique mais dont les fondements moleculaires demeurent pour l'instant inconnus?
Invertebrate Vectors, Parasites, and Rickettsial Agents in Guam

We conducted a 3-week field study of ectoparasites of humans and domestic animals throughout Guam. Thirteen species of ectoparasitic arthropods were collected. Ectoparasites of medical or veterinary sig- nificance included the ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus microplus, fleas Ctenocephalides felis and Xenopsylla cheopsis, and the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. Polymerase chain reaction based screening for rickettsial and protozoan pathogens detected patho- gens in eight arthropods. These included Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma marginale, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia canis vogeli, and Hepatozoon canis. Guam is a tropical Pacific island with a history of vector-borne disease out- breaks. Based on unpublished epidemiological data from the Guam Public Health Department, there have been epidemics and introductions of numerous vector- borne tropical diseases throughout the history of the island. Infected individuals
A Survey of Various Foods for the Presence of Listeria Species.

Various retail foods were analyzed for the presence of Listeria spp. One hundred ten samples of vegetables including lettuce, celery, tomatoes, and radishes, and 14 samples of pasteurized milk, were found to be free of L. monocytogenes . In contrast 9 of 16 (56.3%) chicken legs, 38 of 44 (86.4%) ground meats, and 6 of 30 (20%) fermented sausages contained the organism. Of 530 samples of ice cream products obtained at the manufacturing level, only 2 were positive for L. monocytogenes .
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome sequence 17,059 bp of Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) has been sequenced with the use of next generation sequencing technology using Ion Torrent PGM platform. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Asiatic lion consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and two rRNA genes, and 1 control region (CR). The mitochondrial genome is relatively similar to other felid mitochondrial genomes with respect to gene arrangement, composition, tRNA structures and skews of AT/GC bases to be typical of those reported for other mammals. The nucleotide composition of Asiatic lion mitogenome shows that there is more A-T% than G-C% on the positive strand as revealed by positive AT and CG skews. The overall base composition is 31.9% of A, 27.2% of C, 14.5% of G, and 26.2% of T. Most of the genes have ATA start codons, except ND1, COX2, ATP8, ATP6, ND4, and ND5 have ATG start codons.
Germination of Range Plant Seeds at Altering Temperatures.

2. was concluded that: Removal of 90% of the current herbage at any stage of plant development was detrimental to further root and herbage growth. Removal of as much as 30 and 60% of the current herbage at any stage of plant development was not detrimental to subsequent root and herbage production when compared with yields from unclipped plants. T1 prom this study, the effects of herbage removal on first-year plants of cane bluestem are related to the degree of utilization, but show no definite correlation with the stage of development. This study was conducted in a greenhouse under more or less optimum growing conditions. Further testing under field conditions may introduce considerations not evident here. Nevertheless, it demonstrated that, under the conditions specified, firstyear plants of cane bluestem could withstand herbage removal of as much as 60% at very early stages of seedling development as well as later without undue harm to the plant and subsequent growth.
Molecular Evidence Of Transplacental (Vertical) Route Of Transmission Of African Swine Fever In Foetus Of Pig: A Case Report

African Swine Fever (ASFV) DNA was detected in the Placenta, and organs of fetuses of a sacrificed sow using the polymerase chain reaction technique. These findings suggest a transplacental (vertical) route of transmission of ASFV in the pathogenesis of African swine fever in foetus of pig and calls for attention considering its epizootiological potential.
Comparison of the Structural Characteristics of Cellulolytic Enzyme Lignin Preparations Isolated from Wheat Straw Stem and Leaf

Lignin structure has been considered to be an important factor that significantly influences the biorefinery processes. In this work, the effect of ball milling on the structural components and extractable lignin in enzymatic residues was evaluated, and the structural characteristics of the cellulolytic enzyme lignin preparations isolated from wheat straw stem (SCEL) and leaf (LCEL) were comparatively investigated by a combination of nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), ozonation, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D HSQC NMR). The results showed that 4 h ball-milled samples were good enough for structural analysis with high lignin yield. Both CELs are typical p-hydroxyphenyl-guaiacyl-syringyl lignins which are associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. However, the structure of lignin in wheat straw stem is rather different from that in leaf. Compared to stem lignin, leaf lignin has lower product yields of NBO and ozonation, lower erythro/threo.
Evaluation of the Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Growth of Escherichia coli

The effect of the extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves (LFEMW) on the bacterial growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) was studied in Vitro and in Vivo. Both the most potent inhibition frequency and irradiation interval were determined in terms of colony forming unites (CFU) viability. The results of the exposure of standard bacterial suspensions to LF-EMW at different frequencies indicated that maximum inhibition was attained at 0.6 Hz irradiation frequency and 30 mins exposure time. Morphological deformations and genetic alterations were detected in the irradiated bacterial samples by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and DNA fragmentation studies. In Vivo experiment was preceded using rat models where approximately 10 CFU were inoculated into wounds measuring 1.5×1.5cm on its dorsal surface, the results obtained revealed a decrease in the bacterial count by 70.1% , 94.3% and nearly 100% in the 1 ,2 and 3 days respectively post irradiation in comparison to the untreated wounds. The detected results reflect the beneficial use of LF-EMW which is a new un-thermal promising technique, and supports the integration of this form of therapy in inhibiting E.coli wound infections.
Carbohydrate deprivation upsurges the expression of genes responsible for programmed cell death in inflorescence tissues of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

The aim of this present study was to analyze global gene expression from a developing inflorescence of oil palm under complete defoliation stress. We used the Illumina platform to sequence six cDNA libraries of defoliated and nondefoliated tissues. The frequency of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) decreased with increasing fold change at P ≤ 0.05. Gene ontology analysis revealed that about 15% of all DEGs were responsible for stress response while 13.9% of genes were responsible for cell organization and developmental processes. DAVID functional analysis clustering of DEGs identified a higher enrichment score (ES) for cellular response to stress (ES = 3.2%), response to abiotic stress (ES = 3.12%), cell cycle (ES = 2.25%), and response to carbohydrate stimulus (ES = 1.34%), signifying the functional implications of these processes in carbohydrate depletion and flower development. The top ten DEGs were principally responsible for stress response and cell death. There was a high expression of the SEC14, TIFY8, NUDT7, and DUF538 genes that are related to cell death. It is necessary to further investigate the role of these genes in premature inflorescence abortion in oil palm during stress.
Ethnobotany of Certain Orchids of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh

Ethnobotanical studies were carried out during 1995-2001 in the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh covering Chittoor, Cuddapah, East Godavari, Guntur, Khammam, Krishna, Kurnool, West Godavari & Visakhapatnam districts and the tribal populations of Chenchus, Erukalas, Koyas, Konda Reddis, Lambda's (Sugalis), Nukadoras, Valmikis and Yanadis. The studies brought to light the ethnic uses of 21 epiphytic and terrastrial orchids. They are Acampe praemorsa , Bulbophyllum neilgherrense , Cymbidium aloifolium , Dendrobium herbaceum , D. macrostachyum , Eulophia epidendria , Geodorum densiflorum , Habenaria fursifera , H. longicorniculata , H. plan-taginea , H. roxburghii , Luisia zeylanica , Malaxis acuminata , M. rheedii , Nervilia aragoana , N. plicata, Oberonia wightiana , Peristylus lawii , Pholidota imbricata , Yanda tesellata and V. testacea .
Bone morphogenetic proteins and zebrafish inner ear development

This thesis describes the mRNA expression patterns of the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), downstream members of the BMP signal pathway, BMP antagonists and candidate target genes in the developing inner ear of wild type zebrafish. The crista Bmp expression pattern is conserved between four vertebrate species. However, unlike in chick, mouse and Xenopus laevis none of the hmps examined are macula markers in zebrafish. This thesis identifies sources of Bmp signalling (the cristae, the endolymphatic duct (ED) and the semicircular canals (SCC)) and possible sites of Bmp action (the cristae, posterior macula, SCC and the mesenchyme around the ED). It also provides the first description of the early stages of ED development, a structure only recently described at later stages in the zebrafish (8dpf), and two mRNA markers of this structure (bmp4 and dachA). In analysis of zebrafish mutants with defective cristae, the presence of cristae correlated with the expression of the hmps and msxc, a putative Bmp target. This suggests the Bmps are required to form cristae and express msxc. Gain and loss of function studies have also supported a role for the Bmps in the development of the posterior macula and SCc. Ectopic hBMP4 protein was applied to the otic vesicle via protein-coated beads. This inhibited the development of the posterior macula and SCC. However, these hBMP4 beads were not sufficient to induce the expression of ectopic msxc, generate ectopic cristae or rescue crista development in mutants. Beads coated in a BMP antagonist did not affect the development of endogenous cristae or the expression of endogenous msxc. Rescued swirl (bmp2b) mutant adult zebrafish exhibit a balance defect. Early stages of inner ear development in rescued embryos were found to progress normally up until 7dpf. However, it is not clear when the rescuing mRNA or protein degrades, and work done by others in the lab has shown that Bmp2b is required at later stages to form adult SCc. The ectopic hBMP4 experiments suggest that moderating levels of Bmp signalling may be required for normal development of the SCC at early stages.
Targeting the Highly Conserved Sequences in Influenza A Virus

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iii DEDICATION. v TABLE OF CONTENT. vi LIST OF TABLES. x LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xiii CHAPTER 1. 1 General Introduction. 1 1.1 Influenza viruses. 2 1.1.1 Virus isolation. 2 1.1. 2 Classification and nomenclature. 3 1.1. 3 Influenza A virion structure and morphology. 4 1.1. 4 Influenza A genome structure and organization. 7 1.1. 5 Influenza A virus proteins. 8 1.1. 6 Influenza A replication. 15 1.1. 7 Influenza A genetics. 18 1.1. 7.1 Reassortment. 18 1.1. 7.2 Recombination. 19 1.1. 7.3 Dominance. 19 1.1. 7.4 Reverse genetics. 19 1.1. 8 Epidemiology of influenza A viruses. 21 1.1. 8.1 Antigenic drift. 22 1.1. 8.2 Antigenic shift. 23 1.1. 9 Host range restriction and pathogenesis. 23 1.1. 9.1 HA protein. 24 1.1. 9.2 PB2 protein. 25 1.1. 9.3 NS1 protein. 26 1.1. 9.4 NA protein. 26 1.1. 9.5 NP protein. 27 1.1. 9.6 Other proteins. 27
Is duration of organic management reflected on nematode communities of cultivated soils

The aim of this study was (a) to explore long-term responses of soil nematodes to the conversion from conventional to organic cultivation and (b) to differentiate them from the short-term responses to seasonal agricultural practices. Nematode com- munities were studied in terms of trophic and generic structure, life strategy and diversity, in asparagus cultivations along a gradi- ent from conventional to organic under conversion (1 and 2 years), and certified organic (4 and 5 years). Samplings throughout the year were conducted with respect to seasonal agricultural practices. Changing management regime from conventional to organic cultivation seemed to initiate successional long-term changes in nema- tode communities, such as the gradual decline of phytoparasites in favour of bacterivores and fungivores, the gradual decrease of PPI, the increase of diversity. Alterations in the generic structure of the community were also revealed, driven mostly by the opposite trends of changes in abundance of Helicotylenchus vs. Heterocephalobus. Seasonal agricultural practices appeared to induce short-term responses of functional guilds of low colonizer-persister values (c-p 1 and 2) mostly, and were reflected in nematode indices, such as Maturity Index, Plant Parasitic Index, Enrichment Index, Channel Index but not Structure Index. Nematode responses at the generic level to seasonal agricultural practices seemed less intense than the ones imposed by changing management regime, and in the case of conventional cultivation they were almost entirely masked.