Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endothelial homeostasis and post-cardiac surgery inflammatory organ injury

Endothelial Homeostasis and Post-Cardiac Surgery Inflammatory Organ Injury. This thesis evaluates three most important etiological factors for organ injury namely, intravenous fluid, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and blood transfusion, and considers their effects on endothelial dysfunction. This thesis evaluates 1. The safety of current fluid therapy, 2. The effects of novel versus established volume expanders on endothelial function and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), 3. The effect of Sildenafil on renal glycocalyx in post-CPB AKI and 4. The effect of standard and modified red cell transfusions on lung and kidney injury. Using a systematic assessment of randomised controlled trials comparing colloids and crystalloids, we found that Hydroxyethylstarches are associated with increased risk of mortality and AKI. On the contrary, there was no evidence that Gelatins, Dextrans and Crystalloids were associated with increased harm. We evaluated the supremacy of novel AQIX RS-1® for intravenous resuscitation in a swine model of general anesthesia but failed to show its superiority as an endothelial and organ protective agent compared to Hartmann’s solution. We characterized that CPB mediated AKI is associated with modifications of Glycosaminoglycans and core protein components of Glycocalyx, but also that CPB induces detrimental changes in endothelial surface markers; vWF, Thrombomodulin, VE-Cadherin. These structural modifications caused direct reduction in Nitric Oxide bioavailability, renal artery vasomotor function and invoked AKI in swine. Post CPB-AKI was prevented by restoration of depleted NO bioavailability using Sildenafil Citrate without restoration of glomerular endothelial membrane (GEM) constituents. We explored the pathogenesis of Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) and implicate alterations in red cell metabolomics; endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, microparticles and labile Iron and use a translational porcine model of TRALI to test red cell Rejuvenation coupled with red cell washing as a promising therapy. The work in this thesis has supported or generated ideas of novel pragmatic randomised clinical trials that seek to make direct difference in outcomes after cardiac surgery.
Unicystic Ameloblastoma Developing into a Hybrid Lesion of Rare Entity - with Review of Literature

Existence of unicystic ameloblastoma with desmoplasia is a seldom occurrence. It was first described by Waldron and El-Mofty in the year 1987 as the term hybrid ameloblastoma. Here, we account a case of hybrid lesion depicting outstanding unicystic, follicular ameloblastoma with desmoplasia and mucus cell differentiation showing inductive changes. The patient is a 38-year-old male with a swelling in the lower right posterior region of the jaw. Radiologically, a mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesion was sighted in this region. Taking into account of patient′s complaint, clinical, radiographic, and histologic features; diagnosis of ameloblastic fibrodentinoma was made. It was followed by complete excision of the tumor. The challenge in the management of this tumor was to render complete excision as recurrence may occur in incomplete removal and also to reconstruct the bony defect to give a moderate cosmetic and functional result to the patient. The excisional biopsy report was established to be of hybrid ameloblastoma. Since there are few cases reported in the past of this lesion, the present case is an addition for better perception of this odontogenic tumor. This article identifies some profound concepts and new developments in the histopathologic design of ameloblastoma and its hybrid variant. It also briefly reviews the literature referring to this rare tumor entity. Considering the characteristics of ameloblastoma, priority of surgical management for hybrid lesion is also described.
Organs for Transplantation: Analysis of 27000 Cadaveric Donor Organs

Organs from brain-dead cadaveric donors have been increasingly used for saving lives and preserving health. During the 5 calendar years 1984 through 1988, specific organ recovery patterns were reported for 10 488 donors of 27 833 vascular organs. Transplantation of 18277 kidneys, 3425 hearts, 2957 livers, and 411 pancreatic grafts (as well as smaller numbers of lung, intestine, heart-lung, and multivisceral grafts) represented an organ utilization rate exceeding 90%. Organ sharing was common and had a beneficial effect overall. Renal allografts from multiorgan donors showed better early function and long-term survival. A steady decrease in organ wastage has been accompanied by a substantial increase in numbers of cadaveric multiorgan donors. The resource of life-saving cadaveric organs is effectively and widely dispersed, allowing increasingly common treatment of end-stage organ failure by transplantation
Situações argumentativas na abordagem da natureza da ciência na formação inicial de professores de física

Neste trabalho procuramos descrever e compreender as situacoes argumentativas referentes a Natureza da Ciencia que ocorreram em uma disciplina de Pratica de Ensino de Fisica. As nossas observacoes e analises privilegiaram as acoes do professor formador numa tentativa de caracterizar as maneiras pelas quais ele gerencia e orienta as situacoes argumentativas, sendo que tal enfoque possibilitou discernir e compreender um conjunto de caracteristicas exemplares dos argumentos e das acoes engendrados pelo formador. A partir da integracao de diversas perspectivas do campo da argumentacao, foi possivel identificar as situacoes argumentativas, alem de caracterizar tendencias e aspectos macro e microscopicos dessas situacoes. O modelo de Toulmin foi central nas analises e permitiu destacar que as refutacoes e os apoios presentes nos argumentos do formador podem ser favoraveis ao estabelecimento de um discurso dialogico e de autoridade, respectivamente. De uma maneira geral, as situacoes argumentativas foram pouco frequentes no discurso produzido em sala de aula. Nessas situacoes, os licenciandos apresentaram poucos argumentos com conteudos referentes a visoes sobre a Natureza da Ciencia. O nosso enfoque no formador destaca que ele assumiu tres papeis principais: avaliador de pontos de vista e argumentos; gerenciador da discussao; e auscultador. No cumprimento desses papeis o formador demonstrou em suas acoes uma grande variedade de procedimentos, nos quais averiguamos a construcao de argumentos com conteudos de diversos dominios de conhecimento, inclusive conteudos referentes a visoes sobre a Natureza da Ciencia. Os resultados deste trabalho nos sugerem que o lugar do ensino da Natureza da Ciencia e da argumentacao deve ser repensado dentro do curriculo do curso de Licenciatura em Fisica. Alem disso, os resultados acerca das acoes exemplares do formador investigado podem servir de referencia para outros formadores em situacoes argumentativas de ensino e aprendizagem.
Rischio microbiologico associato al consumo di prodotti ittici

Seafood has always been an important source for human nutrition. The increase of its consumption, however, and the epidemiological data, confirming the role of seafood, especially shellfish, as a carrier of foodborne toxinfections, has brought the need of a greater control of his microbiological characteristics. In this review we considered the main pathogenous microorganisms associated to such products, with a special attention towards the emerging pathogens not yet considered in the legislation (autochthonous pathogens, e.g. vibrios and enteric viruses). We examined the conditions of their presence and survival in the marine environment, the mechanisms through which they contaminate seafood and their resistance to the treatments endured by food before the commercialization and at the moment of the consumption.
[Adrenocortical function in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis].

STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess adrenal function in patients with acute pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (APT) and compare it with that function in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). PATIENTS Over a period of 6 months all consecutive patients 18 years of age or older with newly diagnosed APT and CAP were entered into the study. MEASUREMENTS The whole patients had the following investigations: 1) Serum Na+, K+ and glucose concentrations 2) Systolic and diastolic blood pressures. 3) An ultrasonographic study of the adrenal glands. 4) A standard ACTH stimulation test. RESULTS There was no significative difference in the serum cortisol level between the two groups at any time of the ACTH stimulation test (basal, 30 and 60 minutes), neither when taking into account the increments between basal and 60 minutes after stimulation serum cortisol levels. All patients in both groups had normal ACTH stimulation test with a peak stimulated cortisol level at 60 minutes > 504 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS We did not find evidence of adrenal cortical dysfunction in patients with acute pleuropulmonary tuberculosis or with community-acquired pneumonia in our hospital.
Alternância de vogais médias posteriores em formas nominais de plural no português de Belo Horizonte

Esta pesquisa analisa a alternância entre as vogais medias posteriores tonicas, aberta [ ] e fechada [o], em formas nominais de plural masculino, no portugues de Belo Horizonte: carocos ~ car cos. Em relacao a pronuncia padrao das vogais medias posteriores tonicas no portugues, ha tres casos a serem observados (Cf. MIRANDA, 2002). O primeiro caso abrange nomes que apresentam vogais medias posteriores tonicas abertas em ambas as formas de singular e plural, como, c po, c pos. O segundo caso, ao inverso, inclui nomes que tem vogais medias posteriores fechadas em ambas as formas de singular e plural, como, sogro, sogros. Ja o terceiro caso abarca nomes que apresentam vogais medias posteriores fechadas no singular e abertas no plural, como, coro, c ros. Alves (1999), que estuda a realizacao efetiva das vogais [ ] e [o], aponta que o plural e um forte condicionador para a variacao entre tais vogais. Por essa razao, optamos por analisar a variacao de timbre (aberto ou fechado) das vogais medias posteriores tonicas na flexao de numero plural: milos ~ milos. A fim de analisarmos essa alternância, adotamos, como base teorica, modelos multi-representacionais: a Fonologia de Uso (BYBEE, 2001) e a Teoria de Exemplares (PIERREHUMBERT, 2001). Utilizamos dados de 24 participantes de Belo Horizonte e fizemos uma analise estatistica desses dados com o programa Minitab for Windows, versao 13. Nessa analise, avaliamos, como fatores nao-estruturais, a idade, o genero, a escolaridade, e o individuo. Como fatores estruturais, consideramos a frequencia de ocorrencia e o item lexical. Constatamos, nesta pesquisa, que o fator frequencia de ocorrencia da palavra foi relevante nesse caso de alternância entre as vogais [ ] e [o], o que confirma a sugestao do trabalho de Alves (1999). Tambem, os resultados corroboram a proposta da Fonologia de Uso de que as palavras menos frequentes mudam primeiro, em casos de mudanca sonora sem condicionamento fonetico (Cf. BYBEE, 2001; PHILLIPS, 1984).
Consideraciones filogeneticas sobre el primitivismo de las tinamiformes basadas en caracteres morfológicos y biologicos de dos especies el altiplano boliviano

Existen dos tendencias en la interpretacion de la filogenia de aves paleognatas (Ratites y Tinamues), considerarlas como un clado primitivo de divergecia temprana, o como un grupo derivado por neotenia a patir de aves neognatas. Se presentan datos novedosos sobre algunas caracteristicas morfologicas y biologicas de dos especies de tinamues (Nothoprocta ornata y Nothura darwinii) del Altiplano boliviano, para aportar argumentos a la actual discusion. Se han estudiado tres aspectos en estas especies. El estudio detallado de las cascaras de los huevos demostro que ciertas caracteristicas como el reducido grosor de las cascaras, el grosor relativo de la capa mamilar y la organizacion de la capa a empalizada asemeja la cascara de estos huevos a la de huevos de kiwi y de dinosaurios teropodos. Se considera poco probable que las caracteristicas microestructurales de estos cascaras sean producto de la neotina. Desde el punto de vista de la ecologia alimentaria, ambas especies pueden ser consideradas generalistas y oportunistas. Se determino un imporante grado de solapamiento en la dieta invernal y en el uso de los habitats de forrajeo. Por otro lado se determino que la morfologia del tracto gastrointestinal no difiere significativamente entre ambas especies. Esto permite asumir que ambas especies tienen un bajo grado de especializacion trofica, probablemente relacionado al craneo rincocinetico que segun Zweers et al. (1997) puede interpretarse como un rasgo primitivo e impedimento para la especializacion trofica. Las siringes de ambas especies pueden considerarse simples, lo que ademas se relaciona con la estructura tambien simple de los cantos, los cuales en N.darwinii estan constituidos de silabas repetitivas sin modulacion de frecuencia al inicio. Finalmente se ha realizado un diagnostico cualitativo del uso y ser humano en el Altiplano bolibiano, en el marco de la legislacion ambiental del Bolivia.
Self-Care and related factors with it in patients with epilepsy in isfahan

Introduction: Self-care is an important process in the control of chronic diseases especially epilepsy. The aim of this study was to investigate the self-care situation and the affecting factors on it in patients with epilepsy living in Isfahan. Method: In this sectional study, 320 patients were chosen with large seizures clientele by simple random sampling from hospitals (Hospitals that accept patients with epilepsy), neurologists’clinics, and epilepsy associations in Isfahan. The inclusion criteria in this study was comprised of epileptic patients living in Isfahan and its suburbs, having a medical record, at least one year history of the disease, and the patient's willingness to participate in the study. The data collection tools was a researcher questionnaire (validity and reliability of the tool was approved by experts in this issue and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated to be 0.80). This questionnaire evaluated the self-care status and the influencing factors on it in patients. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test and a one way variance analysis were analyzed. Results: The average scores for self-care in patients (0.39±13.26) and self-care situation was undesirable. Knowledge of the disease with average (4.34±12.86) was desirable but skill (0.8±8.24) and ability (10.70±25.98) were undesirable and half favorable. Self-care scores based on age, sex, education and marital status did not differ significantly. Regression analyses revealed that self-care behaviors and a total of 21% of behavior variance was predictable. Conclusion: In order to improve the health of patients with epilepsy and appropriate disease control, teaching programs with the aim of empowering patients in the field of self-care should be considered. Patients with higher education and those who are symptomatic, may be more likely to engage in self-care than those who are poorly educated or asymptomatic. Epilepsy self-care is both a process and a set of behaviors that helps people care about their epilepsy. Self-care encompasses the process and the behaviors needed to manage a wide range of skills. Keywords: Self-Care, Epilepsy, Isfahan
Problems of medical education in India

Background: Indian medical education system is one of the largest in the world. Medical colleges in India have rapidly proliferated in the past 25 years, doubling since 1980 for a current total of 422, each associated with university, producing 52565 MBBS doctors each year. Medical education is facing problems and challenges for quality education in the countries. Article is an attempt to identify and analyze the current problems and challenges of medical education in India. Methods: Cross-sectional data collected over a period of three months from September 2015 to December 2015 from various sources including medical colleges regarding problems of medical education have been analysed and discussed in details to find out the possible solutions and actions required at regulatory authority including Government, institutions, administration, faculty and medical students. Results: To achieve doctor- patient ratio, Indian Government is emphasizing to increase admission and training of medical students. One third of these doctors leave India every year for residency training and/or practice abroad. The quality of Indian medical education and of physicians it produces therefore has implications for entire world. An exploding number of medical colleges; a skewed distribution of these around the country; devaluation of merit in admission, particularly in private institutions; increasing capitation fees; admission of suboptimal quality of students with poor motivation; an alarming shortage of medical teachers, with those who exist being untrained in modern teaching learning technology; great shortage of patients/ clinical materials in many institutions; outdated curriculum; a less than desirable evaluation system and poor internship supervision all contribute to this downhill trend. Accreditation by Medical Council of India (MCI) emphasizes documentation of infrastructures and resources with doubtful assessment system. Conclusions: Discussion of all medical problems and challenges faced in medical education required to be addressed at various levels. Roles of Government, accreditation system, institutions and faculty, legal issues including selection of medical students are required to address the problems.
Revisión histórica del concepto de Gerencia: Su evolución, contrastación hasta la Multiangulación

Se desarrolla este artículo producto de la socialización de resultados de una investigación-acción, en materia gerencial en diversos contextos, para conseguir respuestas teorizando sobre dicho evento en las organizaciones. ¿Dónde nace la tecnología blanda de la gerencia? ¿Podría neuro innovarse sobre gerencia? , en este par de interrogantes se basó el desarrollo del manuscrito enfatizando en revisiones bibliográficas desde la doctrina que han reflejado sobre gerencia en el transcurso de la historia. Así se tienen, desde diversas aristas desde Taylor, Fayol hasta los actuales investigadores estudiosos del tema como Drucker. El objetivo es por ende analizar la gerencia desde la óptica multiangulada, su evolución y contrastación de posturas, que nace desde la observación de resultados, la revisión bibliográfica y la hermenéutica para analizar el tópico se describe la evolución del término gerencia, su espectro de acción en el transcurso de los años, logrando entre los resultados, multiangular el concepto de gerencia desde diversas ópticas. Se consideró finalmente que la raíz epistémica sobre gerencia es amplia con profundizaciones cada vez más interrelacionadas con neurociencias para crear los nuevos avances en el campo organizacional.
Next-generation sequencing to identify molecular alterations in DNA repair and chromatin maintenance genes associated with pathologic complete response (pT0) to neoadjuvant accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (AMVAC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

4538 Background: Neoadjuvant cisplatin based chemotherapy prior to cystectomy is standard of care for MIBC, with 30-40% expected to achieve a pT0. Biomarkers predictive of pT0 are lacking. Methods: 36 MIBC pts treated on study with 3 cycles of neoadjuvant AMVAC were included. 14/36 were pT0. DNA from pre-treatment tumor tissue underwent sequencing of 287 cancer related genes and was analyzed for presence of base substitutions, indels, copy number alterations, and selected re-arrangements. The mean number of variants and variant status for each gene were correlated with pT0 using two-sample t-test and Fisher’s exact tests. Variant data were used to create a classification tree to discriminate pts with and without pT0. Missense mutations were predicted to be deleterious/neutral using a support vector machine trained with sequence and protein structural features. Results: 747 alterations in 216 genes were detected. Pts with pT0 had more alterations (mean 25, range 11-39) than those with residual tumor (mean .
Contra la desigualdad: el empleo es la clave

La desigualdad en Chile es abismante. Una persona rica gana 17,7 veces mas que una persona pobre. Pero la verdad es aun mas dolorosa, porque esa cifra solo considera cuanto ganan los que trabajan y no a ese amplisimo mar de gente que esta cesante o no tiene oportunidades, entre los cuales las mujeres y los jovenes son los mas perjudicados. Segun los autores, la falta de trabajo es la causa central de la gran desigualdad que aqueja a Chile. Hasta que las oportunidades de empleo no sean mas abundantes, los esfuerzos por superar la desigualdad de un modo duradero seran casi siempre esteriles. Contra la desigualdad es un ensayo valiente y polemico, que nos abrira los ojos a la necesidad de que -junto a otras reformas urgentes, como la educacion- el trabajo encabece las prioridades de una nueva agenda progresista para Chile.
In Search of Intuition

ABSTRACT What are intuitions? Stereotypical examples may suggest that they are the results of common intellectual reflexes. But some intuitions defy the stereotype: there are hard-won intuitions that take deliberate effort to have, improved intuitions that contravene how matters naively seem to us, and expertly guided intuitions in which an expert in some domain guides a novice toward having an intuition that, otherwise, he or she would not have had. I argue that reflection on these three phenomena motivates a conception of intuition that emphasizes its phenomenology over its aetiology, as well as its grounding in malleable problem-solving abilities.