Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
F10 pandalid shrimp: sex determination: DNA and dopamine as indicators of domestication; and outcrossing for wild pigment pattern

Domestication becomes significant in captive propagation of high-fecundity animals which sustain significant mortality rates. The domestication process typical of higher vertebrates has been observed in the coonstripe shrimp, Pandalus danae, which were reared through 10 generations for study of protandric hermaphroditism. The research protocol of repeated handling, for determining sex and carapace length, rendered escape responses maladaptive. Domesticated, F10 shrimp showed significantly greater band-sharing in genomic DNA than wild shrimp, and the domesticated shrimp had only 5.5% of the dopamine levels in haemolymph found in wild shrimp. For both parameters, outcrossed shrimp (wild X domestic) had intermediate values. The outcrossed shrimp looked entirely wild, yet had behavioral and metabolic attributes of domestic shrimp. For such nonendangered species, domestication may be as desirable as it is unavoidable. It appears necessary, however, to perform outcrossing in order to maintain the wild form. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relationship between forest protection and hunting tourism in Turkey

Turkey is located over the junction, called Anatolia, between Asia, Europe and Africa, and is regarded as the cradle of many civilisations throughout history. In the natural course of the history, forests together with many other natural resources in the region have been heavily utilized and thus suffered tremendously. The rate of deforestation was on the increase until 1980s but stabilized thereafter. The last statistics indicated that there is a slow but gradual increase in the area covered by forests. The increase in the forested land area can be ascribed in part to the fact that the population of rural areas has decreased dramatically due to socio-economic reasons. Also, coupled with the changes of the perceptions and attitudes of the public towards forests brought about by the increasing quality and standards of life, the reforestation and afforestation efforts have contributed significantly to the increase in the forested area over the last few decades. All these developments have also fostered an ever increasing interest in hunting tourism in forestlands. While hunting dates back to very ancient times, in Turkey where hunting tourism has a short background, a close relationship is observed between forest protection and hunting tourism. In this study, the historical development of hunting tourism in Turkey and its influence on forest protection are handled and analysed, and solutions for problems encountered in this matter are presented. Key words: Forest protection, hunting tourism, illegal cutting, poaching, Turkey.
MTCNN: A Deep Neural Network for Recognizing Stochastic Phase Shifted Time Series Data

Time series data is very popular and common in the world, which is widely produced in various real time monitoring systems, such as satellites, power plants, cardiac electrophysiology, and financial transactions. In these applications, it is a critical problem to precisely recognize pattern of a random window on a growing time series stream. Since the data in the window has a stochastic phase shift with the standard known pattern. That leads to a great recognition error for the existing methods. This paper presents a Multi-channel-scale Time series Convolutional Neural Network (MTCNN) to recognize the patterns of time series data with a stochastic phase shift. The MTCNN has several channels with different size convolution kernels so that each layer packs multiple different convolution kernels and pooling structures. It is believed that this deep neural network broadens layers to enhance capability of adapting stochastic phase shift. The experimental results show that the MTCNN is superior to the existing methods, including the Nearest Neighbor method based on Euclidean Distance, the Nearest Neighbor method based on Dynamic Time Warping, Multi-Layer Perception, and the common Convolutional Neural Network.
Southern Ocean Seasonal Cycle Experiment 2012 : seasonal scale climate and carbon cycle links

In early May 2012, South Africa will take delivery of a new polar research ship, the SA Agulhas II, representing a significant investment of R1.6 billion in polar infrastructure to further strengthen South Africa’s presence in the polar region, particularly in support of its stewardship of the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Treaty obligations. This investment follows closely on recent DST–CSIR infrastructure investments in the Centre for High Performance Computing, used to run global ocean–climate models, an ocean robotics observational capability and five other new research facilities. Together, these investments offer opportunities to enhance South Africa’s advanced numerical and technological capacity as well as its impact on Southern Hemisphere polar climate and ecosystem science by using its geographical advantage. We are planning the first scientific programme that will capitalise on these major infrastructure investments: the Southern Ocean Seasonal Cycle Experiment (SOSCEx). The Southern Ocean is arguably the main source of medium-term uncertainty in terms of the effectiveness of global CO 2 mitigation plans. The reason for this is that the Southern Ocean plays both an important role in the uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 (50% of all ocean uptake) as well as in the very large (90 Gt/Cy) natural CO 2 exchange between the oceans and the atmosphere. The Southern Ocean is the only region where deep-ocean CO 2 reservoirs (38 000 Gt C) exchange directly with the smaller atmospheric reservoir (700 Gt C). Moreover, although 85% of all ocean productivity is supported by nutrients derived from the Southern Ocean, little is known about the sensitivity of these carbon and nutrient fluxes to climate change driven adjustments or – most importantly – at what scales these links couple. One of the important gaps in the reliable prediction of the response of the Southern Ocean carbon cycle to climate change is its sensitivity to seasonal, subseasonal forcings (in time) and mesoscales (in space). The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory (SOCCO), a CSIR-led consortium, is planning SOSCEx, which will be a new type of large-scale experiment. SOSCEx reflects a shift from the historical focus on shipbased descriptive Southern Ocean oceanography and living resource conservation, to systemscale dynamics studies spanning much greater time and space scales. Our limited grasp on these climate and climate-feedback sensitivities are linked to key knowledge gaps on the scales that link climate to carbon. Moreover, existing global models show only weak agreement in terms of the seasonal cycle of the upper-ocean in both physical and biogeochemical indicators such as primary productivity (Lenton A, Tilbrook B 2011, personal communication, Aug 01). The seasonal cycle is one of the strongest modes of variability in the primary productivity and the carbon cycle of the Southern Ocean. Additionally it reflects the coupling between climate forcing and important ecosystem responses, such as productivity. 1
Constructed shallow zones along navigation canals: vegetation establishment and change in relation to environmental characteristics

In recent decades shallow zones have been constructed along navigation canals in the Netherlands which form a potential new habitat for aquatic macrophytes and helophytes absent from traditional canals. 2. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the aquatic plant vegetation that becomes established and the physical and chemical characteristics of water and sediment, in order to find the determinants of species composition and the changes therein. Data were collected in 1998 and 1999 from 80 plots in bank zones at varying stages of development since construction along two navigation canals. 3. Plots 3-5 years old were partly dominated by rooting submerged macrophytes such as Potamogeton pectinatus, Elodea nuttallii and Potamogeton pusillus; locally non-rooting species occurred such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza. Older plots contained Phragmites australis, locally mixed with free-floating species. Hydrological isolation from the eutrophic canals was indicated by the presence of Chara vulgaris. 4. Characteristics of both water layer and sediment could explain the variation in vegetation composition. Rooting submerged macrophytes predominantly occurred in sites with a thin (52 cm) layer of sediment with relatively low concentrations of organic matter; moreover, ammonium concentrations in the water layer and sediment pore water were relatively low. Stands of non-rooting macrophytes and of Phragmites australis were characterized by a relatively thick sediment layer and high ammonium levels in the pore water. Light limitation in turbid water, associated with navigation and eutrophication, may also play a role. 5. Although submerged aquatic macrophytes persist for a relatively short time, shallow zones nevertheless function as a habitat for helophyte communities and contribute to a higher aquatic biodiversity than is associated with traditional banks along navigation canals. Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Risk Factors (Onset - Hospitalization, Onset - Surgery, Increase in Pulse, Systolic Blood Pressure) on Death in Gastric Perforation

ABSTRACT Introduction. Gastric perforation is the second most common complication due to peptic ulcer after bleeding where the risk of mortality in patients who have received surgical treatment is still high. The factors that have the greatest influence on the death of the patient are old age and the time span of handling more than 24 hours. This study aims to determine the relationship between risk factors (onset - hospitalization, onset - surgery, increased pulse, decreased systolic blood pressure) on the death of gastric perforation patients undergoing surgery at Dr. General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods: An observational analytic study with a case-control study design was carried out from August to October 2017 at the Dr. General Central Hospital Mohammad Hoesin (RSMH) Palembang. There were 90 respondents consisting of 30 sample groups with death cases and 60 sample groups with life control. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was analyzed by Chi Square test while risk factors that play a role in death in gastric perforation patients who performed surgery were analyzed with the Logistic Regression test. Data analysis uses SPSS version 18.0. Results. There was a significant relationship between increased pulse (OR = 11,227 CI95% 3,923-32,129; p = 0,000), onset - MRS (hospital admission) (OR = 4,125 CI95% 1,579-10,773; p = 0,006) and onset - surgery (OR = 3,786 CI95% 1,267-11,308; p = 0.029) on the death of a gastric perforation patient undergoing surgery. With the Logistic Regression test, an increase in pulse and onset - hospital admission was significantly related to the death of a gastric perforation patient undergoing surgery. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the increase in pulse and onset of hospital admission are risk factors that contribute to the death of gastric perforation patients who undergo surgery.
Higher alcohol and acetic acid production by apiculate wine yeasts

P. ROMANO, G. SUZZI, G. COMI AND R. ZIRONI. 1992. Ninety-six strains of apiculate wine yeasts were investigated for their ability to produce higher alcohols and acetic acid in synthetic medium. Less isoamyl alcohol and more n-propanol and isobutanol were formed by Hanseniaspora guilliermondii than by Kloeckera apiculata. The latter produced twice as much acetic acid as H. guilliermondii. The production of higher alcohols and acetic acid was found to be a characteristic of individual strains and was statistically significant. In a multivariate analysis of higher alcohol production two main groupings were formed at 86%S, corresponding to the taxa H. guilliermondii and K. apiculata. Strains that produced low amounts (50 mg/1) of acetic acid, comparable with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were found in both species of apiculate yeasts.
DANÇA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II: PERSPECTIVAS PEDAGÓGICAS DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM VÁRZEA GRANDE - MT

A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o ensino da Danca no curriculo das aulas de Educacao Fisica no Ensino Fundamental II, em oito escolas do municipio de Varzea Grande – MT. Os referenciais teoricos que embasaram as analises das relacoes entre a Danca e a Educacao Fisica Escolar foram Gaspari (2005), Marques (2007), Strazzacappa (2001), Lomakine (2007), Brasil (1997-1998), Gonzalez e Fraga (2012), Fensterseifer e Silva (2011) entre outros, que incorporados aos discursos dos participantes pesquisados, nos possibilitaram o entendimento no que se refere a presenca limitada da Danca como conteudo educativo nas aulas de Educacao Fisica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e se configurou como um relato descritivo. Foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados, um questionario com questoes abertas e organizadas em eixos denominados de Perfil pessoal e profissional; Atuacao profissional no Ensino Fundamental II e O ensino da danca em aulas de Educacao Fisica. Consideramos que dar visibilidade aos significados atribuidos por professores em relacao a esse conteudo podera contribuir para o repensar das praticas formacao e sua legitimidade no curriculo escolar.
Potential, composition and use of legume shrubs and trees as fodders for livestock in the tropics

A large number of legume shrubs and tree species have been documented as useful livestock fodders. It is not the intention in this review to describe all these species but rather to give an appraisal of potential, composition and use through a consideration of those that are most well known. Listings of shrubs and trees of potential value as animal fodders have been published by Skerman (1977) and ILCA (1985). They range from short-stature shrubs such as Desmodium discolor to trees such as Faidherbia albida which can grow to a height of 20 m. Along with this diversity in size, there is a range of agronomic characteristics which has enabled establishment and growth to occur in different agroecological zones (Ivory 1990). Of these zones, which are bounded by the humid and arid, the contribution made by legume shrubs and trees to livestock nutrition in the tropics is thought to be the most important in the semi-arid and arid areas (Devendra 1990). This importance as animal fodder arises from the harsh environment and the limitations that this imposes on both the quantity and quality of the natural pastures. In areas of very low annual rainfall (^400 mm), the tender shoots and leaves (commonly called browse) of legume shrubs and trees are often the main sources of feed. Under these circumstances, the value of these shrubs and trees is considerable in meeting nutrient requirements and sustaining populations of ruminant livestock. In recent years, this traditional use has been complemented by their exploitation in the wetter areas, in which the protein-rich nature of the browse harvested from shrub and tree legumes and the ability of many to fix nitrogen are recognised (Topark-Ngarm 1990). This has led to their direct cultivation in systems of agroforestry, alley farming or alley grazing and in intensive feed gardens or hedgerows. These forms of production, which will be described in a later section, have made considerable use of the species shown in Table I.
Black bear adaptation to low productivity in the boreal forest

Abstract Long snowy winters combined with a short growing season make boreal forests an unproductive environment that challenges black bears (Ursus americanus). We used resource selection functions (based on GPS telemetry of 16 bears), diet analysis, surveys of plant phenology, and vegetation inventories to study adaptations of black bears to boreal forest. Because plants are heavily favoured in bear diets, we expected diet composition to reflect their temporal availability. We anticipated that bears would make choices among land cover types and specific topographic conditions in order to select plants that would fulfil their energetic demands throughout the active period. We also predicted that bears would select habitats modified by insect outbreaks or forest harvesting because these disturbances likely increase resource availability. We found supporting evidence for all of our predictions. (1) Bear diet was closely linked to plant availability. (2) Bears made seasonal altitudinal movements and selected sites according to solar irradiation, tracking the availability of the most digestible plants. Accordingly, bears relied on high-altitude graminoids in spring, a variety of fleshy fruits in summer, and mainly Sorbus americana berries in autumn. (3) Land covers resulting from clearcutting and insect outbreaks increased resource availability for bears and were preferred from summer to autumn. In our study area, black bears are considered predators of a threatened caribou (Rangifer tarandus) population. Even so, we did not find any caribou remains in bear scats. However, our results show that forestry practices, such as clearcutting near the caribou range, could contribute to increased bear presence and thus increase the probability of predation. Nomenclature: Wilson & Reeder, 1993; Marie-Victorin, 1995.
Note types and coding in parid vocalizations. I: The chick-a-dee call of the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)

The chick-a-dee call of the black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapillus (L., 1766), consists of four note types and is used in a wide variety of contexts including mild alarm, contact between mates, and for mobilizing mem- bers of winter flocks. Because note-type composition varies with context and because birds need to identify flock mates and individuals by their calls, it is important that birds are able to discriminate between note types and birds. Moreover, previous experiments have shown that black-capped chickadees are able to discriminate their four note types, but the acoustical basis of this process is still unknown. Here, we present the results of a bioacoustic analysis that sug - gests which acoustic features may be controlling the birds' perception of note types and of individual identity. Several acoustic features show high note type and individual specificity, but frequency and frequency modulation cues (in par - ticular, those of the initial part of the note) appear more likely to be used in these processes. However, only future ex - periments testing the bird's perceptual abilities will determine which acoustic cues in particular are used in the discrimination of note types and in individual recognition. Resume : Le chant « chick-a-dee » de la mesange a tete noire, Poecile atricapillus (L., 1766), est compose de quatre types de notes et il est utilise dans de nombreux contextes, comme l'alarme, le contact entre partenaires et entre mem- bres du groupe. La composition en notes variant avec le contexte et les oiseaux ayant besoin de s'identifier entre eux par leurs vocalisations, il est important qu'ils soient capables de discriminer a la fois les differents types de notes, mais aussi les divers individus du groupe. La mesange a tete noire percoit les differents types de notes de son chant comme des categories ouvertes, cependant la base acoustique de cette categorisation est encore inconnue. Nous rapportons ici les resultats d'une analyse acoustique qui presente les parametres acoustiques susceptibles de controler la perception des types de notes et la reconnaissance individuelle. Plusieurs parametres sont specifiques a chaque type de note et a chaque individu, cependant seuls les parametres relatifs aux frequences et a la modulation de frequence, en particulier ceux de la partie initiale, semblent les plus susceptibles d'etre utilises dans ces processus. De futures experiences tes- tant les capacites de perception de l'oiseau permettront de determiner les parametres acoustiques effectivement utilises dans la discrimination des types de notes et dans la reconnaissance individuelle.
Using GPS technology and GIS cluster analyses to estimate kill rates in wolf—ungulate ecosystems

Abstract Predatory behavior of wolves (Canis lupus) was studied in 2 wolf territories in Scandinavia. We used hourly data from Global Positioning System (GPS)-collared adult wolves in combination with Geographic Information System (GIS) for detailed analyses of movement patterns. We tested the hypothesis that wolves spend 1–2 days close to larger prey such as moose (Alces alces) and reasoned that 1–2 locations per day would be enough to find all larger prey killed by the wolves. In total, the study period comprised 287 days and yielded 6,140 hourly GPS positions, with an average of 21.4±2.4 (SD) daily positions. Depending on the radius used to define clusters, 4,045–5,023 (65.9–81.8%) positions were included in 622–741 GPS-clusters. We investigated all positions within clusters in the field, and 244 (22%) single positions. In total, we found 68 moose and 4 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and classified them as wolf-killed within the study period. Another 10–15 moose may have been killed but not found. The GIS analyses indicated the proportion of wolf-killed ungulates included in GPS clusters to be strongly dependent on both number of positions per day and the radius used for defining a set of spatially aggregated GPS positions as a cluster. A higher proportion (78%) of killed prey in clusters based on nighttime (2000–0700) than those based on daytime (0800–1900) positions (41%). Simulation of aerial search during daylight hours for killed moose resulted in a serious underestimation (>60%) as compared to the number of wolf-killed moose found during the study. The average kill rate, corrected for 14% nondetected moose, in the territories was 3.6–4.0 days per killed moose. We concluded that the feeding behavior of wolves in Scandinavia was either different from wolves preying on moose and living at the same latitude in North America, or that estimates of wolf kill rates on moose may have been seriously underestimated in previous North American studies.
Picoplankton culture assessment using single strand conformation polymorphism and partial 18S sequencing

Environmental water samples were taken throughout 2001 from fractioned water samples at the Helgoland time series site. The less than 3-μm fraction was inoculated into various media. Serial dilutions from these inoculations produced a large number of rough cultures from which several hundred well-growing picoplankton cultures were started. We established a combination of crude DJVA extraction, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) fingerprinting and subsequent sequence analysis to screen these large numbers of cultures, assess their purity/clonality and determine their identity. Picoplankton species (i.e., cells smaller than 3 μm) are difficult to distinguish because of their small size and the lack of morphological characters. Therefore, molecular techniques provide the most reliable method to achieve their identification. Cultures were enriched for photoautotroph cells, i.e., no carbon source was added, and cultures were grown in the light. From these cultures, crude DNA was extracted, which was used for partial 18S polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On average, 50% of the cultures produced a PCR product. SSCP analysis of PCR products revealed the clonality of a given culture. If clonal, then there was only a single SSCP band; if not clonal, then there were multiple SSCP bands. Single SSCP bands were subsequently sequenced, and sequences were used to identify the culture. For this study, 300 cultures were screened resulting in the identification of 63 potentially clonal cultures. These methods proved to be relatively easy to apply to assess the clonality and purity of the cultures.