Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does concealing familiarity evoke other processes than concealing untrustworthiness? – Different forms of concealed information modulate P3 effects

Abstract It was investigated whether concealing learned stimulus attributes (i.e., trustworthiness vs. untrustworthiness) has similar effects on the P3 amplitude than concealing stimulus familiarity. According to salience hypothesis, known, deceptive stimuli (probe) are (perceived) more relevant than truthful, unknown stimuli (irrelevant) evoking a more positive probe P3 amplitude. When all stimuli are known, concealing information is more cognitively demanding than non-concealing information evoking a less positive P3 amplitude according to the mental effort account. Ninety-seven participants concealed knowledge of previously learned faces in the familiarity condition (probe vs. irrelevant stimuli). In the trustworthiness condition, participants concealed untrustworthiness to previously learned faces and responded truthfully to previously learned trustworthy and untrustworthy faces (known, concealed vs. known, truthful stimuli). The parietal mean P3 amplitude was more positive for probe stimuli than for irrelevant stimuli in the familiarity condition providing evidence for the salience hypothesis. In the trustworthiness condition, concealing untrustworthiness showed the smallest parietal mean P3 amplitude suggesting evidence for the mental effort hypothesis. Individual differences of perpetrator’s sensitivity to injustice modulated the P3 amplitude in the trustworthiness condition.
Effects on marine algae of changed seawater chemistry with increasing atmospheric CO2

Abstract:The acid–base relations of plant (including algal) environments are complex, comprising geological processes as modified by biology including, especially over the last 200 years, man. Some habitats (e.g. high intertidal rockpools and some freshwater bodies) have pH variations of up to three units over a diel cycle as a result of photosynthesis and respiration. Other habitats, e.g. nutrient-poor open ocean habitats, have diel variations that are more than an order of magnitude smaller. Anthropogenic influences on acid–base relations of different habitats include the input to the atmosphere of gases that dissolve to produce acidic solutions. The quantitatively predominant gas is CO2, but SO2, NOx and NHy (via nitrification) can also be significant. The influence of the acidic gases in aquatic habitats (including the upper layers of peat bogs) and on terrestrial photosynthetic organisms alters the inorganic carbon speciation and pH around the photosynthetic cells. The calcified coralline marine red macroalgae, with benthic and unattached (maerl) life forms, have extracellular calcification; their calcification rate will decline in the future, with a more CO2-rich ocean and decreasing CO32- concentrations. The marine planktonic coccolithophores have intracellular calcification, though the coccoliths themselves occur externally. While many coccolithophores show decreased calcification with increasing external CO2 and the attendant decrease in external CO32-, this is not universal. For both coralline red algae and coccolithophores the external CaCO3 will dissolve when seawater becomes undersaturated with respect to the relevant crystal form of CaCO3. Overall, the effects of increased CO2 alone are negligible or result in increased growth of non-calcified algae, while there is most generally a decreased growth of calcified algae.
The Influence of Geographic and Psychic Distance on Online Hotel Ratings

This study examines the relationship between distance measures and a Portuguese data set consisting of 34,622 online hotel reviews extracted from Booking.com and TripAdvisor written in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Based on the country of origin of each review author, a geographic and a psychic distance measure is calculated for Portugal. Data and text mining analysis provides additional insights into online hotel ratings. The authors confirm that online travelers’ evaluations are multifaceted constructs displaying varying patterns of rating behavior among the traveler base. By investigating the contemporary relevance of geographic and psychic distance, a key finding of this study is that travelers with less distance both in terms of psychic and geographic distance give a lower rating score than travelers with greater distance. The inclusion of psychic and geographic distance is advocated as a salient aspect for future researchers and for those practitioners who wish to enhance hotel product and service features.
Quantifying the Relative Importance of Riverine and Open‐Ocean Nitrogen Sources for Hypoxia Formation in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

The Mississippi and Atchafalaya River System discharges large amounts of freshwater and nutrients into the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM). These lead to increased stratification and elevate primary production in the outflow region. Consequently, hypoxia (oxygen <62.5 mmol/m3), extending over an area of roughly 15,000 km2, forms every summer in bottom waters. High‐resolution models have significantly improved our understanding of the processes controlling hypoxia formation in the NGoM and have strongly implicated riverine nutrients as the dominant nutrient source. However, the relative importance of different nutrient sources (i.e., the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers and offshore) has not been assessed before now. Here, we combine a high‐resolution model with an element tracing method to directly quantify the relative contributions of nitrogen from the two rivers and the open ocean to primary production and sediment oxygen consumption, which is the main oxygen sink contributing to hypoxia in the NGoM. Our results indicate that, averaged over 2001–2011, Mississippi and Atchafalaya nitrogen support 51 ± 9% and 33 ± 9% of summer sediment oxygen consumption, respectively, while open‐ocean nitrogen supports 16 ± 2%. The higher relative impact of Mississippi inputs results from longer transit times compared to those of Atchafalaya inputs. We also analyze the effect of riverine nitrogen load reductions and a larger diversion of discharge to the Atchafalaya River. These scenario simulations show that nutrient load reductions are most effective in mitigating hypoxia.
Incremental sheet metal forming (ISMF): A literature review

Incremental Forming process is a flexible and versatile process with a promising future in batch manufacturing and prototyping sectors. Traditional sheet metal forming processes usually involve high costs due to the design and manufacturing processes involved in it, more over the design of die is unique for every individual component. The contemporary sheet metal industry employs forming methods which uses precise punch and dies to form components with precise tolerances. In mass production the high cost involved in the manufacture of dies and punches are absorbed by the number of components formed, whereas this is not the case for low volume production which increases the manufacturing cost of products in low volume production. To solve this, Incremental forming process - a rapid sheet metal forming process has been introduced and is under research for couple of decades. This process still need to be improved in accepts of accuracy and product quality. ISF process needs the following in most of the cases: a simple tool, a fixture for holding sheet material and a universal Computer Controlled Machine (CNC) machine. This paper aim to describe the current status of incremental forming techniques in terms of input process parameters and their influences, formability limit, accuracy, surface finish and the current trend research directions.
Depth-resolved attenuation coefficient estimation for skin cancer assessment with optical coherence tomography

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is nowadays being widely employed as a diagnostic tool for skin cancer. It can produce feedback on tissue morphology alterations produced by different pathologies. OCT images are mainly produced by differences in refractive index and attenuation coefficient, providing in-depth information. Intensity OCT images display the effect of tissue alterations on backscattered light, but it does not represent real physical magnitude. In a number of occasions, morphology alteration events within the same tissue type, produce intensity variations in OCT images that can be misclassified as different tissue component. The estimation of depth-resolved attenuation coefficient improves tissue contrast, helping to identify tissue identity and isolating the effect of disordered structures of the same tissue. The proposed methodology shows that melanoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) pathologies exhibit different optical parameters in depth. This enhances the identification of subsurface skin features.
SeShare: Secure cloud data sharing based on blockchain and public auditing

In a data sharing group, each user can upload, modify, and access group files and a user is required to generate a new signature for the modified file after modification. There is a situation that two or more users modify the same file at almost the same time, which should be avoided as it gives rise to a signature conflict. However, the existing schemes do not take it into consideration. In this paper, we proposed a new mechanism SeShare for data storing based on blockchain to realize signature uniqueness, which solves the problem of generating signatures for the same file meanwhile by different group users. Specifically, we record every signature of a file in a blockchain in chronological order, and only one user is allowed to add new signature at the end of the blockchain when modification conflicts occur. On the other hand, to provide a secure data sharing service, SeShare introduces an efficient public auditing scheme for file integrity verification when a group user leaves the group. We also prove the security of the proposed scheme and evaluate the performance at the end of this paper. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of public auditing for user leaving.
Modular modelling for the power take-off system of a wave energy converter

The Ocean Grazer is a novel ocean energy collection and storage device that has been proposed by the University of Groningen. Its core technology is a wave energy converter that di ers from others by its adaptability and capacity to store energy. This thesis presents a modular modelling for the Ocean Grazer's power take-o (PTO) system based on the port-Hamiltonian (PH) framework, which enables energy-based analysis and control of the system. The project aims to obtain a reduced model of the PTO system in order to speed up the computation of control signals, which are essential for the optimal operation of the device. The model is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The rst part of this thesis is dedicated to the modelling of a point-absorber (PA) device, which is the main unit of the PTO system. It is based on a new modelling concept introduced in a previous work, consisting on breaking down the PA into a moving water mass, a buoy-piston ensemble and a pumping hydraulic system. The model is translated into PH framework and simulation results are compared with previously developed models. The second part deals with the modelling of an array point-absorber devices. First, a reference model is presented, acquiring good agreement with validated models. Afterwards, it is described the identi cation of the parameters that de ne the interconnection between the water elements in the present model.
Cyber Physical System Modelling of Distribution Power Systems for Dynamic Demand Response

Dynamic demand response (DDR) is a package of control methods to enhance power system security. A CPS modelling and simulation platform for DDR in distribution power systems is presented in this paper. CPS modelling requirements of distribution power systems are analyzed. A coupled CPS modelling platform is built for assessing DDR in the distribution power system, which combines seamlessly modelling tools of physical power networks and cyber communication networks. Simulations results of IEEE 13-node test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the modelling and simulation platform.
Real-time evaluation research of pedestrian-induced footbridge vibration comfort based on smart mobile device

In the light of the characteristics of pedestrian-induced vibration comfort evaluation of long-span footbridges, a real-time evaluation system of pedestrian-induced footbridge vibration comfort was developed based on Android platform for the first time. The system is composed of data acquisition subsystem, management center subsystem and Android mobile client. On the basis of collecting pedestrian-induced vibration signals by using the built-in high-precision acceleration sensor, space coordinate transformation algorithm was used to the dynamic signal acquisition process, transformation from smartphone’s coordinate system to the inertial coordinate system was achieved. Wavelet transformation was used to isolate gravity from the raw signals, the aim of this paper is to develop a real-time evaluation system. The system was tested on Guangzhou Gangding Footbridge, the field test results show that the comfort degree obtained from the system was identical with the truth, which demonstrates that the real-time vibration comfort evaluation system is scientific and effective, it makes up for the vacancy of real-time evaluation of pedestrian-induced footbridge vibration comfort.
Automatic semantic processing in a picture-word interference task.

ROSINSKI, RICHARD R. ; GOLINKOFF, ROBERTA MICHNICK; and KUKISH, KAREN S. Automatic Semantic Processing in a Picture-Word Interference Task. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 247253. While semantic development has been alleged to proceed slowly, reading instruction begins early in the child's school career. Yet to date, little research has been addressed to understanding how beginning readers extract meaning from the printed word. This paper reports 2 experiments which measured latencies in a picture-word interference task to assess semantic processing. Results suggest that picture-word interference is partly semantically based and that children and adults experience an equivalent amount of semantic interference. The results are interpreted as indicating that even by the second grade, children are sensitive to the meaning of printed words.
The 1991 International Assessment of Educational Progress in mathematics and sciences : The gender differences perspective

This study provides a global perspective on gender differences in performance of 9- and 13-year-olds on mathematics and science exams by reanalyzing and interpreting results on the 1991 International Assessment of Educational Progress. The analyses were performed across 20 countries that tested 13-year-olds and 14 countries that tested 9-year-olds. A random sample of 3,300 students was selected from each population at each age level; half were assessed in mathematics and half in science. The gender effect sizes on the mathematics assessment at both the subdomains level and the total scores were found to be small, especially among 9-year-olds. In general, the gender effects for science were substantially larger than those for mathematics (SD = 0.16 and 0.26 SDs on the total score, in favor of boys, for 9- and 13-year-olds, respectively). Analyses were carried out in seven selected countries-Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Korea, Scotland, Spain, and the United States. Gender differences in variability, reliability, and the structure of the intercorrelations among the subdomains were discussed as well.
Search of associative memory.

Describes search of associative memory (SAM), a general theory of retrieval from long-term memory that combines features of associative network models and random search models. It posits cue-dependent probabilistic sampling and recovery from an associative network, but the network is specified as a retrieval structure rather than a storage structure. A quantitative computer simulation of SAM was developed and applied to the part-list cuing paradigm. When free recall of a list of words was cued by a random subset of words from that list, the probability of recalling one of the remaining words was less than if no cues were provided at all. SAM predicted this effect in all its variations by making extensive use of interword associations in retrieval, a process that previous theorizing has dismissed. (55 ref)
Fake News and Modern Reasoning

The following article describes the phenomenon of “fake news” as a powerful means of argumentative influence. It is concluded that nowadays the influence of fake news can be characterized as a global phenomenon. The fake problem did not arise in our time; it accompanies mankind throughout its existence, from the moment of the cognitive revolution people deceived each other, engaged in fraud and manipulation. The solution of this problem should not be sought on the path of striving for honesty or increasing responsibility for lies. In the last decades of the 20th and 21st centuries, mankind successfully solved a number of problems that previously seemed intractable. The problem of fake news will also be solved. The main thing is the awareness of the problem and its
The War of Rare Earth Elements: A Dynamic Game Approach

Rare earth elements govern today’s high-tech world and are deemed to be essential for the attainment of sustainable development goals. Since the 1990s, these elements have been predominantly supplied by one single actor, China. However, due to the increasing global relevance of their availability, other countries are now encouraged to enter the market. The objective of this paper is to analyze the strategic interactions among (potential) suppliers. In particular, we are interested in (1) the optimal timing for a newcomer (e. g. the U.S.) to enter the market, (2) the incumbent’s (i. e. China’s) optimal behavior, and (3) the cost-efficiency of cooperative vs. competitive market relations. By setting up a continuous-time dynamic game model, we show that (1) the newcomer should postpone the production launch until its rare earth reserves coincide with those of the incumbent, (2) the incumbent should strive for a late market entry and therefore keep its monopolistic resource extraction at the lowest possible level, (3) compared to the payoffs under competition, cooperation leads to a Pareto improvement when started at an early stage. The findings of our model are particularly relevant for the rational strategic positioning of the two great powers, America and China.
Graph-based Geospatial Prediction and Clustering for Situation Recognition

Author(s): Tang, Mengfan | Advisor(s): Jain, Ramesh | Abstract: Big data continues to grow and diversify at an increasing pace. To understand constantly evolving situations, data is collected from various location-based sensors as well as people using effective participatory sensing. Static sensors are placed at particular locations, monitoring and measuring important variables from the environment. Additionally, people contribute data in the form of mobile streams through participatory sensing. To process such disparate data for situation recognition, we need to address two major research challenges, namely data quality and data analysis. This dissertation presents graph-based models as a general framework to combine diverse data sources for situation recognition. To improve spatial data quality, we propose a multimodal geospatial prediction model that integrates heterogeneous data into a unified space-time-value format, extracts multi-resolution spectral features, and predicts values at unobserved locations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model using air pollution data. We then combine predicted air pollution data with pollen data to analyze the situation of asthma risk across California. The proposed model based on our predicted values provides greater accuracy in detecting high asthma risk areas compared to previous studies. Given the wide use of mobile technology, humans also act as sensors and increasingly contribute photos as mobile data streams. We investigate the use of visual concepts for situation recognition and develop new models to tackle the technical challenges of noisy data and processing real-time data, which are problems in existing approaches. First, we propose a graph-regularized linear regression PCA to address photo clustering in a real-time setting. Second, to overcome the noisy data that degrades graph quality, leading to poor recognition results, we incorporate a capped norm into a graph embedding method to remove the adverse effects of outliers. Our models not only outperform existing approaches in overcoming the problems of noisy data and real-time data processing, but also allow us to utilize a new cluster of data through a soft label method. Finally, we apply the proposed approaches to Yahoo Flicker 100 Million photos for detecting evolving situations.
スポーツ産業論 = Understanding the sports industry

１部 スポーツ産業とは（進化するスポーツ産業；スポーツ用品産業；スポーツ施設産業；スポーツサービス産業；スポーツとメディア産業） ２部 スポーツ消費者を知る（スポーツ参加者を知る：するスポーツ；スポーツファンを知る：見るスポーツ；スポーツへの社会化と専門化；スポーツサービスと消費行動） ３部 スポーツをマネジメントする（公共スポーツ施設のマネジメント；フィットネスクラブのマネジメント；クラブ事業のマネジメント；スポーツイベントと集客戦略；スポーツとファイナンス；スポーツ・スポンサーシップ；スポーツ資格制度） ４部 プロスポーツビジネスを知る（日本のプロスポーツ；アメリカのプロスポーツビジネス；ヨーロッパのプロスポーツビジネス；プロ契約とスポーツ・エージェント；権利ビジネスとしてのスポーツ） ５部 スポーツ産業の将来（スポーツツーリズム；スポーツと地域活性化戦略；スポーツとＩＴ）
USING IDEA MATERIALIZATION TO ENHANCE DESIGN CREATIVITY

In this paper, we focused on the advantages of 3D printers to build new creative designs and to make it possible to enhance physical interactions with the design idea that may be able to expand the feelings of the designers and users of the designs. We proposed a general method focused on intentional theoretical expansion of concept space and materialization of design ideas. In an exploratory example, we investigated generation of design ideas and materialization of creative ideas for shapes. Interaction with the materialized ideas, and expansion of concept space results in the generation of new features, uses, functions, or contexts of the design idea and these can be reflected into a new idea. This suggests that interaction with materialized idea and expansion of concept space, and further rapid iterations of this cycle, can contribute to the expansion of human feelings evoked by the design, through this, contributing to design creativity.