Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proterozoic granite types in Australia: implications for lower crust composition, structure and evolution

ABSTRACT Granites and their associated comagmatic felsic volcanic rocks occur in most Proterozoic provinces of Australia. Using multi-element, primordial-mantle-normalised abundance diagrams and various petrological characteristics, Australian Proterozoic granites can be subdivided into five groups: (i) I-type, Sr-depleted, Y-undepleted, restite-dominated, (ii) I- type, Sr-depleted, Y-undepleted, fractionated, low in incompatible elements, (iii) I-type Sr-depleted, Y-undepleted, enriched in incompatible elements (anorogenic granites), (iv) I-type, Sr-undepleted, Y-depleted, (v) S-type, Sr-depleted, Y-undepleted. The four Sr-depleted groups dominate, and group (iv) is of very limited extent. A comparison of these Proterozoic granites with Australian and Papua New Guinean granites of other time periods shows that these characteristic Sr-depleted Y-undepleted patterns are also dominant in early Palaeozoic granites. They are significantly different from those of granites in modern island arcs associated with subduction, and with most granites from Archaean terranes, where the multi-element diagrams are dominated by Sr-undepleted, Y-depleted patterns. The Sr-depleted, Y-undepleted patterns are thought to indicate source regions that contained plagioclase but not garnet, whilst the Sr-undepleted, Y-depleted patterns are taken to correspond with the presence of garnet, but not plagioclase, in the source rocks. The Sr-depleted, Y-undepleted patterns also only occur in regions where the lower crustal structure is dominated by an underplated mafic layer with a P-wave velocity of 7·2-7·-4 km/s. In contrast, in regions where the granites are dominated by Sr-undepleted, Y-depleted patterns, such as in the Archaean and in Cainozoic island arcs, this intermediate velocity layer is not present, and the crust-mantle boundary is very sharp. Two other distinctive compositional changes have been noted among the I-type granites of different age. Firstly, Na is highest in Archaean and Cainozoic granites, and lowest in early Proterozoic granites; Palaeozoic and Mesozoic granites have intermediate values. Secondly, late Archaean and Proterozoic granites are the most enriched in K, Th and U, while the Cainozoic and early Archaean tonalites are the most depleted; Palaeozoic and Mesozoic granites again contain intermediate amounts of those elements.
Plants of the 1957-58 West African Expedition: II. The Bambara Groundnut (Voandzeia subterranea) and Kersting's Groundnut (Kerstingiella geocarpa) Wild in West Africa

A leguminous crop plant that yielded small farinaceous seeds beneath the soil was described by Linnaeus (1763) from Surinam and given the name Glycine subterranea. Du Petit-Thouars (18o6) transferred it to Voandzeia and it is now known to be widely cultivated in Africa (except North Africa, the Ethiopian Highlands and temperate South Africa). It is grown on a small scale in certain other tropical and subtropical countries. Numerous papers have appeared on the plant as a crop and a summary of these is shortly to be published by F. R. Irvinet (ined.). The problem of the origin of this crop has interested several writers and each one, especially Jacques-Filix (1946), has concluded that it is an African plant, with which conclusion I agree. In I832 Guillemin, Perrottet & Richard reported the plant as probably wild in Senegal, but this seems to have been a supposition which has never been confirmed. The statement by A. de Candolle (1886) that Schweinfurth had found Voandzeia in a wild state was an error that was later repeated by Stuhlmann (I909). Schweinfurth himself, according to Harms (1912), later denied it. Harms also discussed the discovery of plants by Ledermann near Garua, in the then Deutsch Kamerun, and similar plants by Dalziel near Yola ('Kilba country'), N. Nigeria, not far from Garua. He concludes that these plants were subspontaneous, while Stapf (1912) stated that 'the question seems now to be definitely solved' by these discoveries. JacquesFilix (I946, 1950) challenged Harms' conclusion that they were naturalised escapes after finding what he considered to be truly wild plants in the same region. Lemaire (1921), Chevalier (I933) and Tisserant (I953) have also contributed to the discussion.
On Implicitization of Kinematic Constraint Equations

Algebraic methods in connection with classical multidimensional geometry have proven to be very efficient in the computation of direct and inverse kinematics of mechanisms as well as the explanation of strange, pathological behavior. One of the difficult tasks in this approach is to obtain polynomial equations that describe the constraints of a mechanism. This paper offers an algorithm with which particular constraint equations can be computed linearly as opposed to elimination procedures or Gröbner basis algorithms. Several examples are discussed to show the advantages of the algorithm.
Asymmetric exchange between populations differing in habitat quality: A metapopulation study on the citril finch

The citril finch ( Serinus citrinella ) is a Cardueline finch restricted to the high mountains of western Europe. Since 1991 we have captured-recaptured about 6000 birds in two contrasting subpopulations located on the same mountain but separated by 5 km in distance. Citril finches, at the north-facing locality (La Vansa), rely more on Pine trees ( Pinus uncinata ) as their main food source, than birds at the south-facing locality (La Bofia), which rely more on herb seeds, which are of lower energetic content. Birds at La Vansa had higher body mass and fat score than those at La Bofia, suggesting that La Vansa was a site of higher-quality than La Bofia. By the use of a metapopulation approach and multistate models, we found that citril finches at the high-quality locality (La Vansa) showed higher survival rates than those at the low-quality one (La Bofia) (Vansa adults: φ = 0.42 - 0.04, juveniles: φ = 0.34 - 0.05; Bofia adults: φ = 0.35 - 0.04, juveniles: φ = 0.28 - 0.05). Dispersal was also asymmetric and higher for juvenile birds, with movement rates for juvenile citril finches from the low-quality to the higher-quality locality (Bofia to Vansa: é = 0.38 - 0.10) higher than the reverse (Vansa to Bofia: é = 0.09 - 0.03). We also investigated time-specific factors (e.g. meteorological data and fructification rate of Pinus ) as potential predictors of overall mortality and dispersal patterns. The results do not allow strong conclusions regarding the impact of these factors on survival and movement rates. Patterns of movement found in the Citril Finch between localities document a new model for the dispersal of species from low to high quality habitats, which we label of 'sources and pools'. This contrasts with currently accepted models of 'sources and sinks', in which movement is from high to low quality habitats, and 'Ideal Free Distributions', in which there is a balanced dispersal between habitats of different quality.
Human Factors Challenges of Remote Support and Control A Position Paper from HF-IRADS1 1. Introduction

This document is intended to provide guidance on the major human factors challenges to be considered when providing remote support and control to assist vehicle operation under automation. Such remote support could extend from the provision of assistance in the event of a breakdown all the way to full remote operation, i.e. a vehicle being driven on the public roads by a remote driver. This document has been developed to assist in the discussion of both WP.1 and WP.29 on the potential for remote assistance and control as assistance for manual and automated driving but also as its own means of vehicle operation. It can be acknowledged that not all potential human factors issues have been identified in this brief paper, but major known human factors concerns are covered.
Composition and ecological patterns of snake assemblages in an Amazon-Cerrado Transition Zone in Brazil

Avaliamos neste estudo a composicao de especies, e caracteristicas ecologicas de uma comunidade de serpentes em area de transicao Cerrado-Amazonia, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil (Estado do Mato Grosso). Coletamos os dados durante seis expedicoes para "Tanguro" (area de estudo) atraves dos metodos de procura visual, armadilhas de interceptacao e queda e encontros ocasionais. Registramos 194 especimes, distribuidas em 34 especies, 26 generos e oito familias. As especies mais abundantes foram Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758 (n = 50), Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) (n = 15), Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 (n = 13), Xenodon rabdocephalus (Wied, 1824) (n = 12), Lachesis muta (Linnaeus, 1766) (n = 10) e Erythrolamprus almadensis (Wagler, 1824) (n = 10). A composicao de especies encontrada representa uma combinacao entre a fauna de Cerrado e Amazonica.
Digital Hearing Aid Fitting Program Testing System Development

DSP chip parameters of a digital hearing aid (HA) should be optimally selected or fitted for hearing impaired persons. The more precise parameter fitting guarantees the better compensation of the hearing loss (HL). Digital HAs adopt DSP chips for more precise fitting of various HL threshold curve patterns. A specific DSP chip such as Gennum GB3211 was designed and manufactured in order to match up to about 4.7 billion different possible HL cases with combination of 7 limited parameters. This paper deals with a digital HA fitting program which is developed for optimal fitting of GB3211 DSP chip parameters. The fitting program has completed features from audiogram input to DSP chip interface. The compensation effects of the microphone and the receiver are also included. The paper shows some application examples.
Hypocalcemia-induced Camel-hump T-wave, Tee-Pee sign, and Bradycardia in a Car-painter of a Complexed Dilemma: A Case Report

Rationale: Electrocardiographic is a fundamental tool for a cardiologist, critical care physician, and emergency medicine specialist. The electrolyte imbalance is a very important entity in clinical medicine management. Camel-hump T-wave and the Tee-Pee sign, recently; Wavy triple and Wavy double signs of hypocalcemia (Yasser’s sign) are electrocardiographic findings linked to electrolyte deficiencies. Patient concerns: A middle-aged male car-painter patient presented to the emergency department with atypical severe twisting chest pain, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypernatremia. Diagnosis: Hypocalcemia-induced Camel-hump T-wave, Tee Pee sign, Wavy double sign of hypocalcemia (Yasser’s sign), and bradycardia in a carpainter. Interventions: Electrocardiography, arterial blood gases, oxygenation, and echocardiography. Lessons: The dramatic reversal of Camel-hump T-Wave, Tee-Pee sign, Wavy double sign of hypocalcemia (Yasser’s sign) after calcium gluconate injection interpret that these signs were due to hypocalcemia. The twisting chest pain and its limited disappearance immediately after calcium gluconate injection indicate the pain can be named as “chest tetany”. Non-atropine bradycardia response is evidence that the management of the cause of bradycardia sometimes is essential e.g. hypocalcemia in the current case. Outcomes: There was a dramatic response of both clinical and electrocardiography including Camel-hump T-wave, Tee Pee sign, the wavy double sign of hypocalcemia, and bradycardia.
Structural Role of Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Membranes

Besides the light-harvesting and protecting role, carotenoids are also instrumental as structural components for the assembly of light-harvesting complexes in purple bacteria and green plants, as well as for the formation of photosystem II complex. Carotenoids stabilize those pigm ent-protein complexes, but have no effect on the form ation of the reaction centers of purple bacteria and photosystem I of plants.
DNA methylation in cancer: techniques and preliminary evidence of hypermethylation in canine lymphomaArticle

Summary Epigetic changes in cancer, including DNA methylation and histone modification, are now recognized to be integrally involved in generation and maintenance of the neoplastic phenotype. The addition of a methyl group to cytosines occurs normally in genomic, low-density CpG dinucleotides, and is normally blocked in high density accumulations of CpG dinucleotides in control regions of genes, termed CpG islands. Global hypomethylation of cytosines and local hypermethylation of CpG islands are hallmarks of the neoplastic epigenome. Hypomethylation can result in overexpression of growth factors or oncogenes, alterations in DNA repair enzymes, and loss of genomic stability. Hypermethylation of CpG islands can silence tumor suppressor genes, promoting cell cycling. In concert, alterations in methylation may be the primary players in pluripotent cell expansion that develops into cancer. In this paper we review the current molecular procedures to elucidate the methylation status of DNA on a genomewide basis and for specific gene determination for veterinary cancer researchers. We also report the results of a pilot study in dogs of the orthologue of a recognized human tumor-suppressor gene, DLC1. The functional canine sequence orthologous to human DLC1 was identified using web-based tools. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) and combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) were performed. MSP demonstrated methylated DNA to be present in six of 13 canine NHL samples and two of three canine chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples. COBRA identified methylation in nine of 13 NHL and two of three CLL samples. This study provides compelling pilot data that hypermethylation occurs in canine NHL. This change in neoplastic cells warrants further detailed investigation as a marker for diagnosis and classification of disease or as a therapeutic target.
Brood ecology and population dynamics of King Eiders

Birth and death processes and the extent of dispersal directly affect population dynamics. Knowledge of ecological factors that influence these processes provides insight into natural selection and understanding about changes in population size. King eiders (Somateria spectabilis) breed across the arctic region of North America and winter in polar oceanic waters of the western and eastern regions of the continent. Here I studied a local population of King Eiders at Karrak Lake, Nunavut, where I used analysis of naturally-occurring stable isotopes (C, N) from feathers, in conjunction with banding data, to investigate the extent of dispersal among winter areas and the influence of winter area on subsequent breeding. In addition, I used capture-markrecapture methods to (1) investigate the relative contributions of survival and recruitment probabilities to local population dynamics, and (2) to test hypotheses about the influence of specific ecological factors on those probabilities or their components, e.g., nest success, duckling survival. Isotopic data suggested that female King Eiders were not strongly philopatric to wintering areas between years. Individuals that wintered in western seas initiated nests earlier and had slightly larger clutch sizes during early nest initiation relative to females that wintered in the east. Female condition during incubation did not vary by winter area. Female King Eiders of known breeding age were at least 3-years-old before their first breeding attempt. Age of first successful breeding attempt did not appear to be influenced by body size. However, after reaching breeding age, larger females apparently experienced greater breeding propensity. Adult survival rate (1996-2002) was estimated as 0.87 and recapture probabilities varied with time and ranged from 0.31 to 0.67. There is no evidence of survival advantages related to larger size. Population growth for this local study area was high, estimated at 20%/year with larger females contributing more to the population growth than smaller females. With continued population growth, density-dependent effects on components of recruitment appeared to
Novel Molecular Mechanisms that Modulate the Cellular Response to p53 Activation

The cellular response to p53 activation varies greatly in a stimulusand cell typespecific manner. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms defining these cell fate choices will assist the development of effective p53-based cancer therapies and also illuminate fundamental processes by which gene networks control cellular behavior. Using an experimental system wherein stimulus-specific p53 responses are elicited by nongenotoxic versus genotoxic agents, we discovered a novel mechanism that determines whether cells undergo proliferation arrest or cell death. Strikingly, we observe that key mediators of cell cycle arrest (p21, 14-3-3σ) and apoptosis (PUMA, BAX) are equally activated regardless of outcome. In fact, arresting cells display strong translocation of PUMA and BAX to the mitochondria, yet fail to release cytochrome C or activate caspases. Surprisingly, the key differential events in apoptotic cells are p53-dependent activation of the DR4 death receptor pathway, caspase 8-mediated cleavage of BID, and BID-dependent activation of poised BAX at the mitochondria. These results reveal a previously unappreciated role for DR4 and the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in cell fate choice following p53 activation.
α-adrenergic and angiotensin II pressor sensitivity in hypertensive patients treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

We investigated pressor sensitivity to infused phenylephrine (PE), 0.05 to 0.4 micrograms/kg/min, and angiotensin II (Ang II), 2.5 to 10 ng/kg/min, in 35 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, before and at the end of a 4-week treatment period with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, cilazapril, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/day. Cilazapril lowered the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 10.6/3.5 mm Hg, but had no effect on the dose-response curves of dose of PE or Ang II vs. the increase in systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure, or heart rate. There were also no significant effects of cilazapril on PD20 values, i.e., the dose of PE or Ang II required to increase mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) by 20 mm Hg, or on delta R-R/delta MAP (ratio of the increase of the ECG R-R interval to the increase in mean arterial blood pressure) as a measure of baroreflex sensitivity. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased by cilazapril therapy, but there were no changes in plasma concentrations of Ang II or atrial natriuretic factor. We conclude that cilazapril, an ACE inhibitor, does not alter alpha 1-adrenoceptor and Ang II receptor sensitivity to selective agonists, nor does it affect baroreflex sensitivity.
A Hybrid Digital Signature Scheme on Dependable and Secure Data

In the paper created a new encryption algorithms GOST28147-89-IDEA8-4 and GOST28147-89RFWKIDEA8-4 based on networks IDEA8-4 and RFWKIDEA8-4, with the use the round function of the encryption algorithm GOST 28147-89. The block length of created block encryption algorithm is 256 bits, the number of rounds is 8, 12 and 16.
Effects of biological soil crusts on seedling growth and element uptake in five desert plants in Junggar Basin,western China

Aims Biological soil crusts improve soil formation,increase landscape stability and fertility,prevent soil erosion by water or wind,and affect surface hydrological and nutrient cycles.Furthermore,biological soil crusts affect the germination,growth and establishment of vascular plants.The interaction between crusts and vascular plants is controversial,and the importance of biological crusts has not been well analyzed in the Gurbantunggut Desert of western China.Our objective was to examine effects of biological crusts on growth and nutrient uptake in vascu-lar plants of the Gurbantunggut Desert.Methods We conducted manipulation experiments to examine the effects of biological crusts on growth and nu-trient uptake in five typical,widely distributed species (Haloxylon persicum,Ephedra distachya,Ceratocarpus arenaarius,Malcolmia africana and Lappula semiglabra). We used shoot growth rate and above-and below-ground biomass accumulation as indicators of seedling growth and the content of ten elements (N,P,K,Na,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Na) as indicators of the influence of biological crusts on element uptake in the plants.Important findings Biological soil crusts significantly accelerated the growth rate of seedlings in all five spe-cies,but increased biomass accumulation only in herbaceous species,not in shrub species.Crusts also promoted early flowering and fruiting in herbaceous species,which could be beneficial to rapid establishment of herb com-munities before environmental resources become more available in other seasons.Crusts also influenced nutrient uptake by plants,especially N;the influence on uptake of other nutrients was species-specific.Therefore,biologi-cal soil crusts may be important in maintaining desert plant diversity.
The genus Schizotechium (Caryophyllaceae) resurrected

Fenzl (1833, 1840) described the taxon Schizotechium as a section of the genus Stellaria Linnaeus (1753: 421) (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) to accommodate the Himalayan Stellaria crispata Wallich ex D.Don (1825: 215) [= Stellaria monosperma Buchanan-Hamilton ex D.Don (1825: 215)]. The section was morphologically characterized in having the calix 5-partite, 10 hypogynous stamens, the ovary 2–3-ovulate, (2–)3 styles, the capsule 1(–2)-seeded, and often without a central collumella. Bentham (1862), unaware of raised generic rank for the section by Reichenbach (1841), also pointed out the distinctness of this group, strongly supporting the generic rank. He concluded: “ Schizotechium Fenzl, although only proposed as a section of Stellaria might have perhaps rather more claims than any of the preceding [subgenera/sections of Stellaria included in the said paper (Bentham 1862)] to be adopted as a genus. It consists of two Himalayan species with a scandent habit and diffuse panicles, almost as in Brachystemma D. Don (1825: 216) and only 3 ovules, of which one ripens. The ovary might thus be supposed to be reduced to uniovulate carpels, and to be brought technically nearer to that of Phytolaccaceae R.Br. , but there is no central axis, and a slight comparison of actual specimens at once give the idea that it is an exceptional and irregular reduction in the ovules of a closely compound ovary, and not a normal conformity of the ovules with as many distinct or well-marked carpels. The leaves arrangement, inflorescence, and flowers are in all other respects those of Stellaria in which genus we continue to retain Schizotechium as a section. ” Notably, members of Schizotechium differ from the other belonging to Stellaria by the following characters: sub-scandent habit, occurrence of tuberous or fusiform fleshy roots, large, diffuse, many-flowered panicle of compound cymes, central collumella of capsule extremely reduced or nearly absent and capsule with 1(–2) fertile enlarged seed and rest sterile, undeveloped ovules (Bentham 1862, Edgeworth & Hooker 1872).
Hunger and appetite during visual perception of food in eating disorders

Summary Nineteen different slides of food items and their effects on appetite and hunger as rated on visual analogue scales were investigated in 20 bulimics and 9 anorexics (DSM-III-R) at the onset and after 8 weeks of behavioral hospital treatment; 9 controls were examined at the maximum of weight loss during a diet and at normal weight. At the onset of treatment appetite ratings were significantly lower in patients than in dieting controls. In anorexics and bulimics appetite ratings increased significantly during treatment. The sight of food did not increase reported hunger in bulimics but did so in controls. Appetite ratings, however, were significantly increased by the sight of food in bulimics as well as in controls. Despite the small sample size, it may be concluded that dieting and weight loss have different psychological implications in healthy controls and in patients with eating disorders, that dieting rather than weight per se influences appetite and that differences in hunger responsiveness to the sight of food in anorexics and bulimics seem likely.