Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of the leech nerve cord: Distribution of neurons and organization of fiber pathways

The abdominal nerve cord of the leech Macrobdella decora was studied under the light and electron microscopes. The ganglionic cortex consists of six hemicone‐shaped packets of neuronal perikarya and apical processes regularly assembled in bilaterally symmetric rows. The orderly projection of the apical processes into the hilum of the packets is also followed by an orderly distribution of their branches across the neuropile. This part of the ganglion is made of two symmetrical halves or hemineuropiles enclosing two types of nerve tissue: coarse and fine neuropiles. The coarse neuropile has seven longitudinal and four commissural tracts of fibers and a distinctively segregated synaptic zone. Nerve processes in this neuropile mostly proceed from neurons in the ganglia and some are the branches of giant afferent axons. The fine neuropile includes several longitudinal tracts of fibers and a non‐segregated synaptic zone. Most nerve processes in this neuropile are small afferent axons and some come from neurons in the ganglia. Bundles of axons in the connectives result by the orderly projection of the neuropile longitudinal tracts and together form fiber pathways connecting the synaptic zones of successive ganglia. Pathways of through‐ganglia giant axons, linking the coarse neuropile synaptic zones, and of small axons, linking the fine neuropile synaptic zones, are described.
Ontología Para La Recomendación De Recursos Educativos Almacenados En El Repositorio De Objetos De Aprendizaje (ROA) DSpace

En el presente capitulo se realiza una breve descripcion de la Web Semantica y uno de sus componentes mas importantes “las ontologias”, se presentan diferentes clasificaciones de acuerdo a algunos autores; asi mismo, se mencionan las metodologias y los lenguajes existentes para su creacion, y que han surgido como un conjunto de buenas practicas para el desarrollo de ontologias
Parameter optimization of the SAD-IGMCT for stereo vision in RGB and HSV color spaces

Dependable 3D perception modules are essential for safe operation of robotic platforms. Furthermore, robot navigation and localization as well as object recognition tasks also require processing 2D color camera images. This information could be synchronously delivered by stereo vision sensors with the 3D information automatically mapped onto the 2D camera image. However, embedded real-time stereo vision sensors are often restricted to grayscale images due to limited computational resources. Therefore, we present how a previously designed realtime stereo matching algorithm, the SAD-IGMCT, can be optimized for the RGB and HSV color spaces, further reducing the algorithm's complexity, while still allowing for a high accuracy.
Pathophysiology of spasticity in stroke

Spasticity is defined clinically by increased muscle tone and tendon jerk hyperreflexia in patients who are at rest. However, the excitability of spinal circuits changes during movement, and this definition provides no insight into the extent to which spasticity and associated motor disturbances cause disability. Only a few spinal circuits have been shown to underlie the abnormalities of patients at rest. Movement can be restrained by pathologically enhanced muscle tone, and there is defective control of the feedback to active motoneurons through virtually all spinal reflex pathways. Spasticity does not necessarily require treatment: in fact, some patients rely on the increased muscle tone to help support otherwise weak muscle contractions for stance and locomotion. In addition, much of the increase in muscle tone arises from changes in muscle and motor units, independent of reflex mechanisms. Managing a patient with impairment after a stroke requires therapy tailored to that particular patient because the mechanisms contributing to the disability experienced by one patient may differ from those affecting another.
Comparative study of gain enhancement of a Dielectric Resonator antenna using three superstrates for millimeter-wave applications

In this paper, a comparative study of three high gain hybrid antennas with different superstrates is presented. The three superstrates are a dielectric slab, a frequency selective surface (FSS) with square ring elements and a dielectric slab, and a FSS with strip dipole. A hybrid Dielectric Resonator antenna (DRA) is the excitation source. This antenna gives a good impedance bandwidth over the entire ISM band (57 GHz- 64 GHz). CST Microwave Studio software package is used to investigate the antennas. The input impedance, the gain, and the far field patterns have been presented. It is observed that the electromagnetic characteristics of a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) can be enhanced by using different superstrates. The gain can be improved to near 16 dBi. And a gain of 11 dB over the entire ISM band have been achieved.
Lung Ultrasound as a Predictor of Mechanical Ventilation in Neonates Older than 32 Weeks

Background: The prognosis of neonatal respiratory distress may be difficult to estimate at admission. Lung ultrasound is a useful diagnostic tool that is quick, requires little training, and is radiation free. Objective: This study aims to analyze whether early lung ultrasound can predict respiratory failure. Methods: From January to December 2014, lung ultrasound was performed on neonates admitted with breathing difficulties if they were older than 32 weeks and not intubated. A neonatologist, not aware of the patient's clinical condition, analyzed the stored ultrasound images. The findings were classified into the following 2 groups according to the potential risk of a bad respiratory outcome: low risk (normal or transient tachypnea of the newborn) or high risk (respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumothorax, or pneumonia). A second investigator made the same classification after reading the chest X-rays. Respiratory failure was defined as a need for mechanical ventilation during the first day of life. Results: In total, 105 neonates were recruited (64.8% in the low-risk sonography group and 35.2% in the high-risk sonography group). Of those, 20% needed intubation, and this was more frequent in the high-risk group (relative risk = 17.5; 95% CI 4.3-70.9, p < 0.01). As predictors of respiratory failure, lung ultrasound and chest X-ray showed a high index of agreement (κ coefficient = 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-1, p < 0.01) and good accuracy (ultrasound: 95% sensitivity, 82.5% specificity, and a negative predictive value of 98.5%). Conclusions: Early lung ultrasound is a useful tool to determine which neonates admitted with respiratory distress will require mechanical ventilation. It may help the clinician to carrying out appropriate transfers.
Use of indirect TCP for TCP enhancement in modern wireless data networks

Indirect TCP is a method of breaking up a single end to end TCP connection using intermediate routers in between. In this paper, we discuss deployment of indirect TCP for a wireless network and using delay based flow control algorithms for the wireless leg to optimize performance over a wireless/satellite link TCP over wireless/satellite systems.
Aedes aegypti in Tucson, Arizona.

To the Editor: The highly domestic mosquito species Aedes aegypti, a tropical, nonnative vector of dengue and yellow fever, has been identified in several desert communities, including the city of Tucson and the border towns of Douglas, Naco, and Nogales (1). Ae. aegypti has now been found in the southern Arizona communities of Benson and Sahuarita Heights, which indicates that its distribution is probably expanding. Moreover, mosquito surveillance indicating that Ae. aegypti populations in Tucson are established throughout the city supports local concerns that the mosquito poses a public health risk in Arizonas second largest metropolitan area. Since it was first detected in 1994 on Tucsons west side, the mosquito has been found in the central downtown and university districts, northern foothills, and the east and south sides (both in residential areas, including schools and parks, and in business districts). Between 1995 and 1997, almost 200 adult Ae. aegypti (female and male) were recovered in CDC CO 2 traps from 26 sites in Tucson by vector biologists from the These trapping events occurred between May and October of each year and were associated with either routine arbovirus surveillance or nonsystematic Ae. aegypti spot-checks.  Many of the sites were sampled more than once and 30% contained Ae. aegypti on multiple occasions. Catches from individual sites contained 1 to 40 adult mosquitoes (mode = 1). A larval survey of the city has not yet been conducted because of limited staff and problems associated with oviposition trapping, an important part of Ae. aegypti larval surveillance (2). Initial attempts at ovitrapping by state, county (1), and later university personnel were not successful because the hay infusion water in ovitraps evaporated rapidly in Tucsons arid climate. However, the few larvae recovered from household containers suggest that Tucsons urban environment is providing a breeding habitat. Since the local climate requires full-time vigilance of ovitraps, this method of surveillance appears too labor intensive for the present. In 1997, the University of Arizona Entomology Department initiated a mosquito survey of the city. This multiyear project is funded by the Entomology Department, the city of Tucson, and the Pima County Health Department. Neighborhood associations in Tucson were surveyed for their perceptions of the magnitude of the mosquito problem in their areas. On the basis of survey results, the city was divided into regions: north, east, south, west, and central. Four trapping stations were established in each region for a …
Evidence Based Trust Estimation Model for Cloud Computing Services

With growing acceptance of cloud environment, demand for cloud services based applications is rapidly increasing. Cloud environment is inherently distributed and highly dynamic. Usually, many cloud services having similar functionalities but varying performances are oﬀered. This makes diﬃcult for user to identify the appropriate cloud service. Consequently, trust assessment is becoming essential to locate and to continue using the suitable cloud service. Quality of Service (QoS) attributes are signiﬁ-cant for trust assessment in cloud environment. These attributes are dynamically changing and are not considered by the traditional trust assessment approaches. Hence, these approaches are inadequate to withstand in cloud environment. This paper proposes an evidence based trust estimation model (EBTEM) for trust assessment of cloud services. EBTEM uses various attributes of cloud service as evidence factors. It performs adaptive trust computation, which is sensitive to changes in the service behavior. EBTEM also presents a method for dynamic trust prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other models in respect of accuracy and eﬃciency.
Analyse 2-microlocale et application au débruitage

Afin d'analyser des signaux dont la regularite varie, il est necessaire d'utiliser des outils caracterisant leur comportement en un point. La frontiere 2-microlocale donne un point de vue general sur ces outils. A chaque point du domaine de definition d'une fonction est associee une courbe qui caracterise de facon complete sa regularite en ce point. Nous rappelons dans une premiere partie sa definition et ses proprietes. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous en donnons une forme "temporelle" qui permet de la considerer comme une generalisation naturelle des exposants de Holder. Nous montrons ses proprietes directement a partir de cette expression. Nous introduisons egalement un spectre 2-microlocal en temps qui facilite son calcul et traitons quelques exemples. Dans la troisieme partie, nous explicitons un cadre commun au le spectre 2-microlocal et au spectre multifractal. Nous montrons dans ce cadre commun des resultats nouveaux concernant leur prescription. Dans une quatrieme partie, nous appliquons l'analyse 2-microlocale au debruitage de signaux. Nous proposons une methode permettant de retrouver la regularite globale, puis une methode permettant de retrouver le spectre 2-microlocal initial en un point, et d'eviter ainsi les oscillations. Les methodes de debruitages sont illustrees par des applications numeriques sur des fonctions classiques. Enfin, nous exposons dans la derniere partie un travail, de nature appliquee, effectue en collaboration avec l'ENILIA Surgeres : il s'agit de l'application d'outils fractals decrivant la regularite globale a la classification automatique d'images microscopiques de beurre.
A Systems Analysis and Operations Research Approach to Optimizing Health Technology Allocation for Low-income Countries: The case of medical oxygen for childhood pneumonia in The Gambia

A Systems Analysis and Operations Research Approach to Optimizing Health Technology Allocation for Low-income Countries: The case of medical oxygen for childhood pneumonia in The Gambia Beverly Dawn Bradley Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 2017 Medical oxygen is essential for treating childhood pneumonia the leading cause of death in children under five worldwide. Unfortunately, oxygen is not widely available in many low-resource settings due to challenges such as cost, supply logistics, variability in oxygen demand, poor electricity supply, lack of trained staff, and inadequate maintenance capacity. Currently, no systematic approaches exist to help health systems plan appropriate oxygen supply systems that cost-effectively meet the needs of health facilities given these complex challenges. This thesis presents a novel operations research (OR) approach to medical oxygen technology planning in low-resource settings. A decision-support model – OxOpt – was developed to identify the optimal combination of technologies that will meet the needs of health facilities facing resource constraints. The model applies a unique combination of simulation and optimization approaches never before combined to address a global health resource allocation problem. A discrete-event simulation model simulates health facility-level activities such as clinical demand for oxygen, power interruptions and equipment breakdowns, using primary and secondary data collected specifically for this context. A genetic algorithmbased optimization model identifies optimal technology strategies that will satisfy simulated oxygen needs. The model takes into account seasonal variability in oxygen demand, alternative energy options, and the costs of technology, energy and training. It also estimates the number of patients treated and lives saved as a result of recommended solutions. The design of the OxOpt model is informed by several important analyses. A study of oxygen concentrator maintenance histories contributes previously lacking data on long-term functionality in a low-resource setting, providing insight into the cost of parts, expected lifespans, frequency of failures and technician training needs. Based on an analysis of alternative energy sources, a decision-tree was developed to guide decisions about appropriate energy choices given system costs and grid electricity
Baseline Characteristics of fall from Height Victims Presenting to Emergency Department; a Brief Report

Introduction: Trauma due to accidents or fall from height is a major cause of disability and mortality. The present study was designed aiming to evaluate the baseline characteristics of fall from height victims presenting to emergency department (ED). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study evaluates the baseline characteristics of fall from height cases presenting to EDs of three educational Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, during one year. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: 460 patients with the mean age of 27.89 ± 20.95 years were evaluated (76.5% male). 191 (41.5%) falls occurred when working, 27 (5.9%) during play, and 242 (52.6%) in other times. Among construction workers, 166 (81.4%) had not used any safety equipment. Fracture and dislocation with 180 (39.1%) cases and soft tissue injury with 166 (36.1%) were the most common injuries inflicted. Mean height of falling was 3.41 ± 0.34 (range: 0.5 – 20) meters. Finally, 8 (1.7%) of the patients died (50% intentional) and 63% were discharged from ED. A significant correlation was detected between mortality and the falls being intentional (p < 0.0001) as well as greater height of fall (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, most fall from height victims in the present study were young men, single, construction workers, with less than high school diploma education level. Intentional fall and greater height of falling significantly correlated with mortality.
El NiÃ±o and cereal production shortfalls: Policies for resilience and food security in 2016 and beyond:

The current El NiA±o episode may be among the strongest on record (Earth Institute 2015). This year again, serious localized production shortfalls have occurred or are expected, creating an urgent need for policy actions to ensure adequate food supply and food mobility from surplus to deficit regions. Although global cereal production is not expected to decline significantly, complacency is not warranted: The situation calls for careful monitoring of production and prices, promotion of transparent international and domestic trade policies, and expanded coverage of safety nets and nutrition programs for the households most severely affected, all while working toward long-term improvements in resilience and agricultural production.
Influence of skull anisotropy for the forward and inverse problem in EEG: Simulation studies using FEM on realistic head models

For the sake of realism in the description of conduction from primary neural currents to scalp potentials, we investigated the influence of skull anisotropy on the forward and inverse problems in brain functional imaging with EEG. At present, all methods available for cortical imaging assume a spherical geometry, or when using realistic head shapes do not consider the anisotropy of head tissues. However, to our knowledge, no study relates the implication of this simplifying hypothesis on the spatial resolution of EEG for source imaging.
Sharpening the definition of centrality

Since Web 2.0, online content has become social. The popularization of Internet access added to the ease of producing online content have brought social communities to go online. This penetration of social assets in the modern internet has a wide impact, which naturally led computer scientists to analyze these online social networks. The promise of this research is for instance, from a network point of view, to discover who will exchange which information, and when. These three pieces of information are obviously central in network design. Among the available tools to dig and leverage information out of complex interaction structures, probably the most interesting one is the centrality notion. Originally defined to capture “the importance of an actor in a network”[4], it has since found many application in various fields, such as management, physics, or biology. In fact, centrality appears to be a much more fine-grain tool to understand the inner structure of social networks than other information such as degree distribution. Recently, Newmann even used it to study one of the core elements of online social networks: communities [9] However, the apparently simple notion of centrality hides many different concepts. Despite its success, centrality lacks a proper definition, and may more be referred to as an abstract family of measures rather than to a single notion. There is unfortunately no generic definition of a centrality as a set of mathematical properties, as there is no absolute definition of the “importance” of an actor. So for each subjective definition of importance, an ad-hoc centrality definition has been provided. In this paper, we prospect for a more precise definition of centrality. We believe that the mathematical usefulness of this tool could greatly benefit from such definition.
Universality of the Homotopy Interleaving Distance

As a step towards establishing homotopy-theoretic foundations for topological data analysis (TDA), we introduce and study homotopy interleavings between filtered topological spaces. These are homotopy-invariant analogues of interleavings, objects commonly used in TDA to articulate stability and inference theorems. Intuitively, whereas a strict interleaving between filtered spaces $X$ and $Y$ certifies that $X$ and $Y$ are approximately isomorphic, a homotopy interleaving between $X$ and $Y$ certifies that $X$ and $Y$ are approximately weakly equivalent. The main results of this paper are that homotopy interleavings induce an extended pseudometric $d_{HI}$ on filtered spaces, and that this is the universal pseudometric satisfying natural stability and homotopy invariance axioms. To motivate these axioms, we also observe that $d_{HI}$ (or more generally, any pseudometric satisfying these two axioms and an additional "homology bounding" axiom) can be used to formulate lifts of several fundamental TDA theorems from the algebraic (homological) level to the level of filtered spaces. Finally, we consider the problem of establishing a persistent Whitehead theorem in terms of homotopy interleavings. We provide a counterexample to a naive formulation of the result.
THE ACCEPTANCE FACTOR TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FARMING TECHNOLOGY AMONG FARMERS

Sustainable farming is as yet another way or strategy for cultivating in the business. The farmers here in Malaysia are as yet not comfortable with the practical method for cultivating. A portion of the farmers have executed such technology however neglected to make progress since they are absence of information and ability. For the most recent decades, the impact of innovation has driven the progressions in the greater part of the association. These days business culture is moving towards green business activities. There are developing consideration of business visionaries perceive that doing supportability or anything identified with green is useful for their business and furthermore to the earth. In particular, the goal of this investigation is to distinguish the elements that urge farmers to acknowledge Sustainable farming technology. Factors for foreseeing the acknowledgment of Sustainable Farming Technology is relied upon to be delivered toward the end of the study. The study is additionally meant to increase the value of the current literature in the investigating of farmers utilizing sustainable farming technology in their business and towards the national plan.