Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Survey Scales for Measuring Exposure and Behavioral Responses to Disruptive Intraoperative Behavior

Objectives Disruptive intraoperative behavior has detrimental effects to clinicians, institutions, and patients. How clinicians respond to this behavior can either exacerbate or attenuate its effects. Previous investigations of disruptive behavior have used survey scales with significant limitations. The study objective was to develop appropriate scales to measure exposure and responses to disruptive behavior. Methods We obtained ethics approval. The scales were developed in a sequence of steps. They were pretested using expert reviews, computational linguistic analysis, and cognitive interviews. The scales were then piloted on Canadian operating room clinicians. Factor analysis was applied to half of the data set for question reduction and grouping. Item response analysis and theoretical reviews ensured that important questions were not eliminated. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach α. Model fit was examined on the second half of the data set using confirmatory factor analysis. Content validity of the final scales was re-evaluated. Consistency between observed relationships and theoretical predictions was assessed. Temporal stability was evaluated on a subsample of 38 respondents. Results A total of 1433 and 746 clinicians completed the exposure and response scales, respectively. Content validity indices were excellent (exposure = 0.96, responses = 1.0). Internal consistency was good (exposure = 0.93, responses = 0.87). Correlations between the exposure scale and secondary measures were consistent with expectations based on theory. Temporal stability was acceptable (exposure = 0.77, responses = 0.73). Conclusions We have developed scales measuring exposure and responses to disruptive behavior. They generate valid and reliable scores when surveying operating room clinicians, and they overcome the limitations of previous tools. These survey scales are freely available.
Analysis of Class DE Current Driven Low $di/dt$ Rectifier

Class DE current driven low di/dt rectifier satisfies Class E switching condition and low diode current stress, which is no more than the output current. Thus, the switching loss is decreased extremely. In this paper, the Class DE current driven low di/dt rectifier is analyzed for any diode-on-duty-ratio. The initial phase angle of the input current, the current and voltage transfer functions, the normalized input resistance and inductance, the normalized diode voltage stress, and the power-output capability are obtained, and clarified as the functions of the diode-on-duty ratio and those of R/wL. Moreover, the power conversion efficiency and the circuit design method are shown. The circuit performance has been confirmed by the simulation results and the experimental results. In the simulation and the experiment, the characteristics of the output voltage and the power conversion efficiency against the amplitude of the input current, the load resistance, and the operation frequency have been obtained. In addition, the relationship between the equations, simulation results, and experimental results have been obtained. Theoretical, simulation, and experimental results were in good agreement with each other.
Role of mismatch repair in the Escherichia coli UVM response

Mutagenesis at 3,N4-ethenocytosine (epsilonC), a nonpairing mutagenic lesion, is significantly enhanced in Escherichia coli cells pretreated with UV, alkylating agents, or H2O2. This effect, termed UVM (for UV modulation of mutagenesis), is distinct from known DNA damage-inducible responses, such as the SOS response, the adaptive response to alkylating agents, or the oxyR-mediated response to oxidative agents. Here, we have addressed the hypothesis that UVM results from transient depletion of a mismatch repair activity that normally acts to reduce mutagenesis. To test whether the loss of mismatch repair activities results in the predicted constitutive UVM phenotype, E. coli cells defective for methyl-directed mismatch repair, for very-short-patch repair, or for the N-glycosylase activities MutY and MutM were treated with the UVM-inducing agent 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, with subsequent transfection of M13 viral single-stranded DNA bearing a site-specific epsilonC lesion. Survival of the M13 DNA was measured as transfection efficiency, and mutation fixation at the lesion was characterized by multiplex sequencing technology. The results showed normal UVM induction patterns in all the repair-defective strains tested. In addition, normal UVM induction was observed in cells overexpressing MutH, MutL, or MutS. All strains displayed UVM reactivation, the term used to describe the increased survival of epsilonC-containing DNA in UVM-induced cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the UVM response is independent of known mismatch repair systems in E. coli and may thus represent a previously unrecognized misrepair or misreplication pathway.
Evaluation of the ThinPrep Pap test as an adjunct to the conventional Pap smear.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ThinPrep Pap test as an adjunct to the conventional Pap smear. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospectively collected cervical samples were split for independent screening at a large specialised private gynaecological pathology practice in Sydney. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detection of additional significant abnormalities (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1, or more severe); changed management recommendations from "repeat smear in 12 months" or ". six months" to "colposcopy", a reduction in unsatisfactory reports. RESULTS 35,560 paired (split-sample) conventional and ThinPrep slides were prepared. Significant abnormalities were detected in 724 conventional smears (2%). Additional significant abnormalities were found in 85 ThinPrep slides whose corresponding conventional smear was negative or unsatisfactory even after review, representing a 12% increase in the detection of significant abnormalities. As a result of the addition of ThinPrep, management recommendations were changed from "repeat smear in 12 months" or ". six months" to "colposcopy" for 89 of 1669 women whose conventional Pap smears showed minor non-specific changes or papillomavirus. There were 1258 conventional smears (3.5%) that were unsatisfactory compared with 235 ThinPrep slides (0.7%); for only 74 samples (0.2%) were both slides unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS The addition of the ThinPrep Pap test improves detection and clinical management of cervical abnormalities, and reduces the number of unsatisfactory samples which would otherwise require repeat tests.
AVERSÃO ÀS PERDAS NO COMPORTAMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR E A DINÂMICA DE CURTO PRAZO DOS PREÇOS DAS HABITAÇÕES

Este artigo incorpora o fenomeno de aversao as perdas, observado no comportamento dos consumidores, no estudo da dinâmica de curto prazo dos precos das habitacoes. Os resultados obtidos vem ao encontro da literatura existente sobre a eficiencia do mercado habitacional, que sugere que os “booms” verificados nos precos das habitacoes resultam de expectativas miopes em relacao a evolucao desses precos, mais do que de alteracoes significativas nos fundamentais do mercado. O contributo principal deste artigo e o de propor uma explicacao para o que, na ausencia de choques importantes nos fundamentais, desencadeia este comportamento miope e consequente evolucao irracional dos precos. A nossa conclusao essencial e que a psicologia dos investidores assume um papel fundamental mesmo na fase inicial dos ciclos habitacionais. Especificamente, a aversao as perdas no comportamento dos consumidores significa que uma simples inversao no ciclo de rendimento pode ser suficiente para iniciar ou terminar um periodo de rapida expansao dos precos das habitacoes. Evidencia empirica obtida no mercado habitacional de Lisboa e consistente com esta
Interspecies Dissemination of a Mobilizable Plasmid Harboring blaIMP-19 and the Possibility of Horizontal Gene Transfer in a Single Patient

ABSTRACT Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli have been a global concern over the past 2 decades because these organisms can cause severe infections with high mortality rates. Carbapenemase genes are often carried by mobile genetic elements, and resistance plasmids can be transferred through conjugation. We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to demonstrate that the same plasmid harboring a metallo-β-lactamase gene was detected in two different species isolated from a single patient. Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Achromobacter xylosoxidans (KUN4507), non-metallo-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KUN4843), and metallo-β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae (KUN5033) were sequentially isolated from a single patient and then analyzed in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing), and conjugation analyses were performed by conventional methods. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analysis of K. pneumoniae isolates were performed with WGS, and the nucleotide sequences of plasmids detected from these isolates were determined using WGS. Conventional molecular typing revealed that KUN4843 and KUN5033 were identical, whereas the phylogenetic tree analysis revealed a slight difference. These two isolates were separated from the most recent common ancestor 0.74 years before they were isolated. The same resistance plasmid harboring blaIMP-19 was detected in metallo-β-lactamase-producing A. xylosoxidans and K. pneumoniae. Although this plasmid was not self-transferable, the conjugation of this plasmid from A. xylosoxidans to non-metallo-β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae was successfully performed. The susceptibility patterns for metallo-β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae and the transconjugant were similar. These findings supported the possibility of the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne blaIMP-19 from A. xylosoxidans to K. pneumoniae in a single patient.
FLICKERING LIGHT INCREASES RETINAL BLOOD FLOW

Purpose To examine the retinal blood flow in normal eyes before and during retinal stimulation by flickering light. Design A prospective cross-sectional study. Participants and Testing Twenty-seven eyes of 27 normal subjects with a mean age ± SD of 38 ± 15 years (study I) and 21 eyes of 21 normal subjects with a mean age ± SD of 46 ± 17 years (study II) were examined with respect to capillary retinal blood flow and central retinal artery and central retinal vein blood flow velocities during flickering light stimulation. A luminance flicker light with a frequency of 8 Hz increased the neuronal activity of retinal ganglion cells. In study I, the retinal capillary blood flow was measured before and during flickering by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (670 nm, Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter). In study II, the blood flow velocities in the central retinal artery and central retinal vein were examined by pulsed Doppler sonography. Main Outcome Measures Change in blood flow velocities in the central retinal artery and vein and in retinal capillary blood flow after full-field flicker stimulation. Results In study I, measurements of blood flow during retinal flicker stimulation showed a significant increase in the mean value of blood flow ± SD from 317 ± 72 arbitrary units to 416 ± 103 arbitrary units. The change was on average 46 ± 19%. In study II, the systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities in the central retinal artery increased significantly (P < 0.0001): systolic, 9 cm/s to 15 cm/s (+62%); end-diastolic, 2.7 cm/s to 5.3 cm/s (+96%). In the central retinal vein, the systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities increased significantly (P < 0.0001): systolic, 4.3 cm/s to 6.7 cm/s (+56%); end-diastolic, 1.8 cm/s to 3.6 cm/s (+100%). The authors found no significant change in blood pressure and heartbeat frequency. Conclusions Visual stimulation of the retina by flickering light strongly increased the juxtapapillary retinal capillary blood flow and central retinal artery blood flow velocity in normal eyes.
A frequency-based RF partial discharge detector for low-power wireless sensing

Partial discharge (PD) monitoring has been the subject of significant research in recent years, which has given rise to a range of well-established PD detection and measurement techniques, such as acoustic and RF, on which condition monitoring systems for highvoltage equipment have been based. This paper presents a novel approach to partial discharge monitoring by using a low-cost, low-power RF detector. The detector employs a frequency-based technique that can distinguish between multiple partial discharge events and other impulsive noise sources within a substation, tracking defect severity over time and providing information pertaining to plant health. The detector is designed to operate as part of a wireless condition monitoring network, removing the need for additional wiring to be installed into substations whilst still gaining the benefits of the RF technique. This novel approach to PD detection not only provides a low-cost solution to on-line partial discharge monitoring, but also presents a means to deploy wide-scale RF monitoring without the associated costs of wide-band monitoring systems.
Near Point of Convergence after Concussion in Children.

PURPOSE To determine the incidence of abnormal near point of convergence (NPC) after acute concussion in pediatric patients and to describe the clinical course of such patients. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 275 pediatric patients 5 to 18 years of age presenting to a tertiary care children's hospital subspecialty concussion program with a new concussion between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015 was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-seven out of 275 pediatric patients presenting to a subspecialty concussion referral program were found to have abnormal NPC on physical examination as measured by an accommodative rule. Twenty-six (46%) patients recovered with standard clinical care over a median time frame of 4.5 weeks (range 1-18), including a brief period of cognitive and physical rest followed by gradual return to school and physical activities without any formal interventions. An additional 23 (41%) patients recovered a median of 11 weeks post-injury after referral for formal vestibular therapy, including interventions for abnormal convergence, such as Brock string and pencil pushups. Seven (13%) patients with persistent abnormal NPC and concomitant symptoms that necessitated referral for formal office-based vision therapy with developmental optometry recovered a median of 23 weeks post-injury and a median of 16 weeks after referral to vision therapy. CONCLUSIONS Assessment for NPC is a diagnostic entity that warrants consideration in children with concussion. Concussion questionnaires may not be sensitive to detect vision symptoms in children, making an accurate assessment for convergence important in the evaluation of concussion. Some children with abnormal NPC will recover without any formal intervention after concussion; however, a subset of patients with persistent abnormal NPC after concussion may benefit from interventions including vestibular and/or vision therapy.
Estrogen receptor‐α is associated with the plasma membrane of astrocytes and coupled to the MAP/Src‐kinase pathway

Estrogens influence CNS development and a broad spectrum of neural functions. Several lines of evidence also suggest a neuroprotective role for estrogen. Different modes of estrogen action have been described at the cellular level involving classical nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)‐dependent and nonclassical membrane ER‐mediated rapid signaling. We have previously shown that nonclassical estrogen signaling is implicated in the control of dopamine cell function and protection. Since nonclassical interactions between estrogens and glia may contribute to these effects, our aim was to demonstrate the presence of membrane‐associated ERs and their putative coupling to intracellular signaling pathways in astrocytes. Confocal image analysis and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) studies indicated the attachment of ER‐α but not ER‐β to the plasma membrane of astrocytes. ERs were located in the cell soma region and glial processes. FACS analysis revealed that only a subpopulation of midbrain astrocytes possesses membrane ER‐α. In FACS studies on ER‐α knockout astrocytes, only a few membrane ER‐positive cells were detected. The activation of membrane ERs appears to be coupled to the MAP‐kinase/Src signaling pathway as shown by Western blotting. In conclusion, our data provide good evidence that nonclassical estrogen action in astrocytes is mediated by membrane ER‐α. The physiological consequence of this phenomenon is not yet understood, but it might have a pivotal role in estrogen‐mediated protective effects on midbrain dopamine neurons. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
All-optical time-division demultiplexing and spatial pulse routing with a GaAs/AlGaAs microring resonator.

We report what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of all-optical time-division demultiplexing and spatial pulse routing in a compact nonlinear GaAs/AlGaAs microring resonator operating at 1.55 microm . Switching is through the refractive-index change induced by two-photon absorption. The switching time of the device, limited by the ring-charging time and the recombination time of the induced carriers, is measured to be 30 ps. The switching on-off contrast, limited by the slight mismatch between the input and output coupling coefficients, exceeds 8 dB. The device can be used for time-division multiplexing as well.
Alterations in adipocyte response to lipolytic hormones during cold acclimation.

The effects of cold exposure (7 days, 5 degrees C) and cold acclimation (21 days, 5 degrees C) on the regulation of lipolysis were investigated in adipocytes isolated from epididymal fat pads of rats. Catecholamines stimulated lipolysis in an affinity sequence typical of the beta 1-adrenoceptor subtype: one-half maximum velocity (1/2 Vmax) isoproterenol (35 nM) much greater than 1/2 Vmax norepinephrine (150 nM) approximately 1/2 Vmax epinephrine (200 nM). Cold exposure markedly decreased the sensitivity (1/2 Vmax) and the responsiveness (Vmax) of the adipocytes to the lipolytic action of catecholamines. Addition of adenosine deaminase to fat cells isolated from cold-exposed rats did not normalize the lipolytic activity, suggesting that extracellular adenosine was not responsible for the obtunded lipolysis. This effect of cold exposure was transient as the lipolytic response to catecholamines was normal in fully cold-acclimated animals. Remarkably, the responsiveness of adipocytes to the lipolytic action of glucagon (200 nM) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, 1 microM) progressively increased during cold acclimation. Adipocyte lipolytic response to dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and theophylline was normal in cold-exposed rats, indicating that the lipolytic defect resides at an early step in the lipolytic cascade (pre-cAMP). On the other hand, the antilipolytic effect of insulin on norepinephrine-induced lipolysis significantly decreased during cold acclimation, particularly at physiological levels of insulin (nanomolar level). These results demonstrate that the transient decrease in the lipolytic action of catecholamines observed during cold acclimation is compensated by 1) an increased responsiveness of adipocytes to glucagon and ACTH and 2) by a decreased effectiveness of insulin to induce antilipolysis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association between insulin like growth factor-1 and lipoprotein metabolism in stable angina patients on statin therapy: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to test whether there was an association between systemic levels of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and selected parameters of lipid metabolism depending on the lipid-lowering therapy. This work was conducted in patients described by us previously who had either highly probable, or documented, coronary artery disease, and controlled serum lipids with prolonged statin therapy. METHODS The study was conducted among 140 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The following parameters were measured: LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, TG, TC, apoB-100, apoA1, Lp(a) and IGF-1 and IGFBP3, as well as the level of oxidation products of proteins and lipids. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the group of patients with LDL target up to 100 mg/dl and statins use, as well as in the entire population, IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were associated with protein oxidation products and Lp(a). Additionally, in the whole studied group, IGF-1 was associated with TG and LDL. More differences were observed when we used multivariate analysis. Even then, IGF-1 and IGFBP3 in the group with LDL up to 100 mg/dL, as well as in the entire group, were associated with protein oxidation products, Lp(a) and with quantitative arteriosclerosis scale (Gensini score). These results seem to confirm our previous findings, wherein significantly higher levels of systemic IGF-1 were found in patients with advanced coronary atherosclerosis.
Actively Damped Heave Compensation (ADHC) system

In offshore oil and gas exploration and production, high interoperability of underwater components and equipments has become more important in support of Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair (IMR). As drilling goes to deep or ultradeep water, harsh weather leads to an expensive downtime for offshore cranes handling. Active Heave Compensation (AHC) system has been developed to stabilize the crane payload by overcoming the disturbance generated by vessel motion. The conventional AHC technology, however, focuses only on compensating the vessel motion. The cable compliance, which is significant in deep water handling, is usually neglected. As a result, it is difficult to achieve the desired motion control accuracy, in particular as the disturbance is injected other than ship heaving. In this paper, a new type of AHC scheme, Actively Damped Heave Compensation (ADHC) control, is presented. The novelty of this work is, in addition to the vessel motion, the cable dynamics has also been taken into account and compensated. ADHC integrates active damping of cable vibration into the widely adopted vessel heave motion compensation framework. Moreover, a sliding mode control is also presented for actuators to accurately track a displacement demand. The simulation results verify the superior performance of the proposed solution.
Time-Driven Orphan Elimination

An orphan in a transaction system is an activity executing on behalf of an aborted transaction. This paper proposes a new method for managing orphans created by crashes and by aborts. The method prevents orphans from observing inconsistent states, and ensures that orphans are detected and eliminated in a timely manner. A major advantage of this method is simplicity: it is easy to understand, to implement, and to prove correct. The method is based on timeouts using clocks local to each site. The method is failsafe: although it performs best when clocks are closely synchronized and message delays are predictable, unsynchronized clocks and lost messages cannot produce inconsistencies or protect orphans from eventual elimination. This research was sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), ARPA Order No. 3597, monitored by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory Under Contract F33615-81K-1539, and in part by the USAF Rome Air Development Center under contract number F30602-84C-0063 and the U.S. Naval Ocean Systems Center under contract number N66001-83-C-0305. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, RADC, NOSC, or the US Government.