Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Belief Propagation Decoding of CRC-Polar Concatenated Codes

Polar codes are the first class of error correcting codes that provably achieve the channel capacity at infinite code length. They were selected for use in the fifth generation of cellular mobile communications (5G). In practical scenarios such as 5G, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is concatenated with polar codes to improve their finite length performance. This is mostly beneficial for sequential successive-cancellation list decoders. However, for parallel iterative belief propagation (BP) decoders, CRC is only used as an early stopping criterion with incremental error-correction performance improvement. In this paper, we first propose a CRC-polar BP (CPBP) decoder by exchanging the extrinsic information between the factor graph of the polar code and that of the CRC. We then propose a neural CPBP (NCPBP) algorithm which improves the CPBP decoder by introducing trainable normalizing weights on the concatenated factor graph. Our results on a 5G polar code of length 128 show that at the frame error rate of 10<sup>−5</sup> and with a maximum of 30 iterations, the error-correction performance of CPBP and NCPBP are approximately 0.25 dB and 0.5 dB better than that of the conventional CRC-aided BP decoder, respectively, while introducing almost no latency overhead.
TEORIA DA TERMINOLOGIA E TEORIA DA ONTOLOGIA: UM COMPARATIVO BASEADO NA CRIAÇÃO DE DEFINIÇÕES PARA TERMOS

O presente artigo examina nocoes da Teoria da Terminologia e da Teoria da Ontologia Aplicada, as quais possibilitam a construcao de vocabularios para representar parte da realidade em um dominio do conhecimento. De forma a conduzir esse exame, abordam-se questoes advindas das dificuldades em construir vocabularios no dominio da biomedicina, identificadas na literatura e no escopo de um projeto de pesquisa em andamento. Tais questoes envolvem, principalmente, a ambiguidade e a dificuldade em formar conceitos e relacoes entre conceitos de forma consensual. O artigo se propoe explicar como e feita a criacao de definicoes para conceitos de acordo com os preceitos das duas teorias mencionadas, de forma contribuir para a avaliacao de quais aspectos de uma das teorias podem ser uteis no contexto da outra, e mesmo porque alguns aspectos de uma teoria nao sao aplicaveis a outra. Em um cenario que abrange diferentes sistemas de organizacao do conhecimento, inclusive ontologias, espera-se contribuir para um melhor entendimento da aplicacao das duas teorias, bem como fornecer subsidios para auxiliar ao Cientista da Informacao no uso das mesmas.
Feeding innovations and forebrain size in birds

The links between ecology, behavioural plasticity and brain size are often tested via the comparative method. Given the problems in interpretating comparative tests of learning and cognition, however, alternative measures of plasticity need to be developed. From the short notes section of nine ornithological journals, two separate, exhaustive data sets have been collated on opportunistic foraging innovations in birds of North America (1973–1993;N=196) and the British Isles (1983–1993;N=126). Both the absolute and relative frequencies (corrected for species number per order) of innovations differ between bird orders in a similar fashion in the two geographical zones. Absolute and relative frequency of innovations per order are also related to two measures of relative forebrain size in the two zones. The study confirms predicted trends linking opportunism, brain size and rate of structural evolution. It also suggests that innovation rate in the field may be a useful measure of behavioural plasticity.
Contribución al estudio de la frecuencia y coste de las infecciones hospitalarias en servicios quirúrgicos

LA FINALIDAD DEL TRABAJO PRESENTADO HA SIDO EL ESTUDIO DE LA FRECUENCIA DE INFECCION HOSPITALARIA EN NUESTRO MEDIO Y LA ESTIMACION DE LOS COSTES HOSPITALARIOS DIRECTOS OCASIONADOS POR ESTAS INFECCIONES, UTILIZANDO VARIOS METODOS DE ESTIMACION. SE HAN INCLUIDO LOS PACIENTES INGRESADOS, DESDE EL DIA 1 DE MAYO DE 1988 AL 30 DE ABRIL DE 1989, EN LOS SERVICIOS DE TRAUMATOLOGIA, CIRUGIA GENERAL, CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR Y NEUROCIRUGIA DEL HOSPITAL CLINICO DE ZARAGOZA. EL 14,5% DE LOS PACIENTES INGRESADOS PRESENTARON ALGUNA INFECCION HOSPITALARIA, SIENDO LAS INFECCIONES DE LA HERIDA QUIRURGICA LAS MAS FRECUENTES. EN CUANTO AL APARTADO DE COSTES, DESTACAR LAS VARIACIONES DE LOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS EN FUNCION DEL METODO DE ESTIMACION UTILIZADO. ASI LOS VALORES DE INCREMENTO DE ESTANCIA MEDIA HOSPITALARIA POR PACIENTE INFECTADO ESTUVIERON COMPRENDIDOS EN UN RANGO DE 10,2- 20,2 DIAS, LOS COSTES POR PRUEBAS DIAGNOSTICAS ENTRE 11.800 Y 22.000 PTS. , Y LOS COSTES POR TRATAMIENTO ANTIBIOTICO PRESENTARON VALORES DE 18.700 A 32.300 PTS. EL ESTUDIO PONE DE MANIFIESTO LA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS INFECCIONES HOSPITALARIAS EN NUESTRO MEDIO, TANTO POR SU FRECUENCIA, COMO POR LOS COSTES OCASIONADOS.
Social facilitation acts more on the appetitive than the consummatory phase of feeding behaviour in domestic fowl

Abstract Abstract. This experiment was designed to quantify the motivation to show socially facilitated behaviour, by equating the increase in feeding behaviour shown by a subject chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus , in response to the sight and sound of another bird feeding, with the feeding behaviour shown by the same subject chicken following food deprivation periods of either 15, 30, 60 or 120 min. Feeding behaviour was recorded both as the amount of food consumed and the number of food pecks in a 30-min trial period. As expected, the amount of food consumed and the number of food pecks following food deprivation increased linearly with length of deprivation and the birds ate more during the social facilitation test than during the control when no stimulus bird was present. When this increase in the amount of food consumed during social facilitation was plotted on a regression line of the amount of food consumed it was found to be equivalent to 27 min of food deprivation. When the number of food pecks due to social facilitation was plotted on the regression line of the number of food pecks it was found to be equivalent to 92 min of food deprivation. A reason for the difference between the two estimates of the motivation to feed in the social facilitation test may be derived from the nature of the relationship between the two variables; food consumed and number of food pecks. A bird cannot eat without pecking at the food, but it can peck at the food without eating it. It is proposed that a satiated bird directs its attention to the food in response to the social facilitation effect of the stimulus bird feeding but eats relatively little. Thus social facilitation seems to act more on the appetitive phase of feeding behaviour than on the consummatory phase.
Patch choice decisions of wild blackbirds: the role of preharvest public information

Abstract Although group foragers have the potential to enhance their patch choice decisions by observing the sampling behaviour of competitors (i.e. using ‘public information’), empirical support for such an ability is sparse and conflicting. We examined whether wild blackbirds, Turdus merula, were more likely to choose the richer (20-fold) of two seminatural food patches if they had seen other blackbirds (demonstrators) feeding in them beforehand. There was no evidence that birds having such preharvest public information preferentially selected the richer patch, even if their choice was not limited by the continuing presence of dominant demonstrators. Nor did patch selectors favour the patch occupied by a demonstrator (or just vacated by one) despite an above-average probability that these patches were the richer. Instead, our birds often showed preferences for one or other of the otherwise identical patch locations, were more likely to select the rich patch if it had not changed location since their last visit, and avoided dominant conspecifics. We conclude that preharvest public information has little or no influence on blackbird patch choice decisions.
Datacenters : From Theory to Practice

Recent work has shown that expander-based data center topologies are robust and can yield superior performance over Clos topologies. However, to achieve these benefits, previous proposals use routing and transport schemes that impede quick industry adoption. In this paper, we examine if expanders can be effective for the technology and environments practical in today’s data centers, including use of traditional protocols, at both small and large scale, while complying with common practices such as over-subscription. We study bandwidth, latency and burst tolerance of topologies, highlighting pitfalls of previous topology comparisons. We consider several other metrics of interest: packet loss during failures, queue occupancy and topology degradation. Our experiments show that expanders can realize 3× more throughput than an equivalent fat tree, and 1.5× more throughput than an equivalent leaf spine topology, for a wide range of scenarios, with only traditional protocols. We observe that expanders achieve lower flow completion times, are more resilient to bursty load conditions like incast and outcast and degrade more gracefully with increasing load. Our results are based on extensive simulations and experiments on a hardware testbed with realistic topologies and real traffic patterns.
Recursos Humanos, Competências e Desempenho: (Im)Possível Articulação em Fundação de Minas Gerais

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever e analisar como gestores organizacionais e profissionais do setor de Recursos Humanos de uma fundacao de direito privado localizada em Minas Gerais compreendem e promovem a articulacao entre gestao de desempenho e gestao de competencias na implementacao de estrategias. De natureza descritiva e qualitativa, a estrategia de investigacao adotada contempla um estudo de caso unico. Foram realizadas analises documentais e entrevistas de roteiro semiestruturado com profissionais diversos na fundacao, representados principalmente por membros da lideranca formal e membros da area de Gestao de Recursos Humanos. As principais conclusoes indicam que, embora a sistematizacao da gestao do desempenho e gestao de competencias sejam essenciais para o seu acompanhamento e melhoria continua, uma conducao humanizada dos processos tambem se faz necessaria as adaptacoes e inovacoes pertinentes ao intento de se estabelecer um ambiente de trabalho produtivo e desenvolvedor.
Distributed leadership in semifree-ranging white-faced capuchin monkeys

Abstract We investigated the initiation of group movements in white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus, with the aim of determining whether a single individual with high dominance status consistently leads movements or whether leadership is distributed between group members. The group studied was reared in semifree-ranging conditions. A multivariate analysis followed by univariate analyses demonstrated that leadership was not concentrated on a single individual in this species. All individuals could initiate a collective movement. Nearly half of group members regularly succeeded in recruiting at least three followers. Although both sexes had similar rates of start attempts, females succeeded more frequently than males. We found no significant effect of the dominance status on the percentage of successful attempts. The use of a slow speed, looking back towards the other group members, or trills by the initiator heightened the likelihood of success in group movement initiation. An initiator starting from a core position in a clumped group was more successful than one starting from an edge position in a clumped group or from a dispersed group. Furthermore, the probability of successful start attempts was higher when the group remained stationary for a long period. Leadership in white-faced capuchins appears to be distributed between group members rather than exclusively concentrated on high-ranking individuals. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Trade-off between growth rate and aggression in juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch


In juvenile salmon and trout, there seems to be a positive phenotypic correlation between individual aggression level and growth rate. Aggressive fish are dominant, and they obtain and defend territories, giving them access to good feeding sites. Being aggressive may increase predation risk, and may also carry costs such as increased metabolic demand, with effects on growth. To test the hypothesis that there is a trade-off between individual growth rate and aggression, we mated 12 female coho salmon with two unique males each, creating 24 full-sibling families. Growth of individually marked fish from each family was estimated in a situation where food could not be monopolized. Thereafter, individual fish were tested for mirror-elicited agonistic behaviour. We found significant variation between families in early growth rate, with a high heritability (1.04). There was also significant between-family variation in agonistic behaviour, but activity was generally low and heritability was low (0.25) and not significant. Growth rate and agonistic behaviour were negatively correlated. These results imply that aggressive behaviour has an energetic cost. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Genuine and Sequestered Natural Products from the Genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae, Lamiales)

The present review gives an overview about natural products from the holoparasitic genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae). We cover both genuine natural products as well as compounds sequestered by Orobanche taxa from their host plants. However, the distinction between these two categories is not always easy. In cases where the respective authors had not indicated the opposite, all compounds detected in Orobanche taxa were regarded as genuine Orobanche natural products. From the about 200 species of Orobanche s.l. (i.e., including Phelipanche) known worldwide, only 26 species have so far been investigated phytochemically (22 Orobanche and four Phelipanche species), from 17 Orobanche and three Phelipanche species defined natural products (and not only natural product classes) have been reported. For two species of Orobanche and one of Phelipanche dedicated studies have been performed to analyze the phenomenon of natural product sequestration by parasitic plants from their host plants. In total, 70 presumably genuine natural products and 19 sequestered natural products have been described from Orobanche s.l. ; these form the basis of 140 chemosystematic records (natural product reports per taxon). Bioactivities described for Orobanche s.l. extracts and natural products isolated from Orobanche species include in addition to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, e.g., analgesic, antifungal and antibacterial activities, inhibition of amyloid β aggregation, memory enhancing effects as well as anti-hypertensive effects, inhibition of blood platelet aggregation, and diuretic effects. Moreover, muscle relaxant and anti-spasmodic effects as well as anti-photoaging effects have been described.
Glancing Angle Deposition Effect on Structure and Light-Induced Wettability of RF-Sputtered TiO2 Thin Films

Crystalline TiO2 films were prepared on unheated glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering at normal angle of incidence (a = 0°) and at glancing angle (a = 87°). The effect of the glancing angle on the structure, microstructure, and wetting properties of the films was investigated. The inclination of the substrate led to phase transformation of the deposited films from rutile to either rutile/anatase or anatase, depending on the working pressure. Extreme shadowing at 87° results in a remarkable increase of the films’ porosity and surface roughness. The mechanism of the glancing-angle-induced crystalline phase formation is thoroughly discussed based on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and geometrical aspects of the nucleation and is related with the microstructural changes. Both crystalline phase and microstructure significantly affect the wetting properties of the TiO2 films. Glancing-angle-deposited anatase TiO2 exhibits a high degree of porosity and roughness, a high rate of UV-induced wettability conversion, and a long-term highly hydrophilic nature in dark. Therefore, anatase TiO2 is potentially a good candidate for applications as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)/perovskite solar cells, microfluidic devices, and self-cleaning surfaces prepared on thermosensitive substrates.
Krylov-Unterraum basierte Modellreduktion zur Simulation von Werkzeugmaschinen

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die Reduktion von Strukturmodellen, wie sie bei der Simulation von Werkzeugmaschinen zum Einsatz kommt, zum Thema. Dabei steht die Entwicklung neuer mathematischer Reduktionsverfahren, die auf Krylov-Unterraumen basieren im Fokus der Arbeit. Daneben wird auch die Bedeutung der Modellreduktion als wichtiges Hilfsmittel zur Gewahrleistung einer effizienten Simulation im Gesamtentwicklungsprozess von Werkzeugmaschinen dargestellt. Fur die Reduktion von Strukturmodellen werden bislang vorwiegend die sogenannten modalen Verfahren verwendet. Die mit diesen Verfahren reduzierten Modelle konnen im statischen Bereich einen erheblichen Fehler aufweisen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden neue Reduktionsverfahren, die auf der Grundlage mathematischer Methoden zur Modellreduktion aufbauen und eine Automatisierung des Modellreduktionsprozesses ermoglichen, entwickelt und validiert. Die neu entwickelten Verfahren basieren dabei auf einer angepassten iterativen und adaptiven Auswahl der fur die mathematischen Reduktionsmethoden benotigten Parameter. Zudem basieren diese Verfahren auf globale Krylov-Unterraume und der Verwendung der globalen Arnoldi-Methode, die sich durch eine hohe Effizienz bei der Berechnung der Reduktion von Systemen mit mehreren Ein- und Ausgangen auszeichnet. Mit Hilfe einer geeigneten Methode zur Abschatzung des Approximationsfehlers des reduzierten Systems erlauben die neu entwickelten Verfahren eine automatische Modellreduktion ohne Benutzerinteraktion wahrend des Reduktionsprozesses.
Trophallaxis in honey bees: transfer delay and daily modulation

Abstract Abstract. Trophallactic behaviour of donor honey bees, Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola, fed at two feeders with different volumes of a 50% weight/weight sucrose solution, at different flow rates, was studied in an experimental arena. Transfer delay (i.e. the time up to the first trophallactic contact between partners) decreased as the crop load of donor bees increased. Donor bees that attained the same final crop load but spent more or less time drinking at the feeder, because of differences in the flow rate, decreased the transfer delay when the flow rate of feeding increased. As crop load increases with the flow rate of the food source, donor foragers could indicate by their transfer delay how profitable a food source is. Transfer delays also varied throughout the day, being shortest in the morning (0800-1200 hours) for all crop loads tested.
Online Learning Algorithms for Statistical Arbitrage

Statistical arbitrage is a class of financial trading strategies using mean reversion models. The corresponding techniques rely on a number of assumptions which may not hold for general non-stationary stochastic processes. This paper presents an alternative technique for statistical arbitrage based on online learning which does not require such assumptions and which benefits from strong learning guarantees.
Mentoring and Caring: The Story

This article is an essay about a mentor–mentee relationship that developed in an example of Boykin–Shoenhofer’s Theory of Nursing Caring. It is a demonstration of how caring for one another became caring for students, and caring for students leads to their enhanced self-efficacy and self-assurance, which led to greater success on the NCLEX-RN exam.
Array of Resonant Electromechanical Nanosystems: A Technological Breakthrough for Uncooled Infrared Imaging

Microbolometers arethe most common uncooled infrared techniques that allow 50 mK-temperature resolution to be achieved on-scene. However, this approach struggles with both self-heating, which is inherent to the resistive readout principle, and 1/f noise. We present an alternative approach that consists of using micro/nanoresonators vibrating according to a torsional mode, and whose resonant frequency changes with the incident IR-radiation. Dense arrays of such electromechanical structures were fabricated with a 12 µm pitch at low temperature, allowing their integration on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits according to a post-processing method. H-shape pixels with 9 µm-long nanorods and a cross-section of 250 nm × 30 nm were fabricated to provide large thermal responses, whose experimental measurements reached up to 1024 Hz/nW. These electromechanical resonators featured a noise equivalent power of 140 pW for a response time of less than 1 ms. To our knowledge, these performances are unrivaled with such small dimensions. We also showed that a temperature sensitivity of 20 mK within a 100 ms integration time is conceivable at a 12 µm pitch by co-integrating the resonators with their readout electronics, and suggesting a new readout scheme. This sensitivity could be reached short-term by depositing on top of the nanorods a vanadium oxide layer that had a phase-transition that could possibly enhance the thermal response by one order of magnitude.
Recovery Guarantees for Quadratic Tensors with Limited Observations

We consider the tensor completion problem of predicting the missing entries of a tensor. The commonly used CP model has a triple product form, but an alternate family of quadratic models which are the sum of pairwise products instead of a triple product have emerged from applications such as recommendation systems. Non-convex methods are the method of choice for learning quadratic models, and this work examines their sample complexity and error guarantee. Our main result is that with the number of samples being only linear in the dimension, all local minima of the mean squared error objective are global minima and recover the original tensor accurately. The techniques lead to simple proofs showing that convex relaxation can recover quadratic tensors provided with linear number of samples. We substantiate our theoretical results with experiments on synthetic and real-world data, showing that quadratic models have better performance than CP models in scenarios where there are limited amount of observations available.
Novel EMD-Based Extraction Approach of Electric Field Fringe Impacts on a Micro Capacitive Displacement Sensor

This paper presents an EMD (empirical mode decomposition)-based extraction approach to decouple the electric field fringe component impacts on the nonlinearity errors of a micro encoder-like capacitive displacement sensor. A calculated capacitance model built under Maxwell’s equations against the impacts of electric field fringe component indicates that signals of this sensor are all in periodic co-sinusoidal waveforms. Applying the proposed EMD scheme, signals are decomposed into sets of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residual, in which a fundamental component represents all the features of sensor signal and reserves the local information. Interpreting sensor information from the extracted component instead of the original signal drastically diminishes the impacts of electric field fringe effect. Results from a test bench shows that after applying the EMD-based extraction approach, waveform errors were decreased from over 4.18% to less than 0.89%. Nonlinearity of the interpreted displacement was decreased from 1.54% to 0.29% for 8 mm stroke.