Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Immunofluorescence Study About Staining Pattern Variability of Sarcoglycans in Ratâs Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex

Title: An Immunofluorescence Study About Staining Pattern Variability of Sarcoglycans in Rat’s Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex. Background: Sarcoglycans are transmembrane glycoproteins which connect extracellular matrix components to cytoskeleton. This protein system has been long studied in muscle but there are few data about its localization in non-muscular tissues. Methods and Findings: In the present report, we have conducted an indirect immunofluorescence study on normal rat’s cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Our results show that in these districts each sarcoglycan is expressed by a “spot-like” staining pattern, with spots of 0.5-2 μm average diameter, extending mainly around the soma of neurons and glial cells. In cerebral cortex, although all sarcoglycans are present, a staining pattern variability for each sarcoglycan, in the different cerebral cortex areas, exists. Instead, the pattern distribution level of sarcoglycans in cerebellar cortex doesn’t change. We also performed a statistical analysis which confirms the immunofluorescence results. Conclusions: Then, the presence of a sarcoglycans variability in cerebral cortex, where it is known the existence of several synaptic network, and the absence of a sarcoglycans variability in cerebellar cortex, where the same synaptic networks are repeated unchanged, suggest that in brain sarcoglycans may be associated with synaptic networks. Moreover, the distribution of sarcoglycans, mainly in post-synaptic regions of the neurons, suggests a role of these proteins in cellular signalling, regulating membrane receptors assembly. We also support that sarcoglycans in glial cells could be associated with the regulation of the mechanism in the brain-blood-barrier.
Active Power Measurements - An Overview and a Comparison of DSP Algorithms by Noncoherent Sampling

This paper presents an overview of algorithms for o ne-phase active power estimation using digit al signal processing in the time domain and in the frequency domain, and compares the properties of these algori thms for a sinusoidal test signal. The comparison involves n ot only algorithms that have already been published , but also a new algorithm. Addit ional information concerning some known algorithms is also included. We present the results of computer simulations in MATLAB and measurement results gained by means of computer plug-in boards, both multiplexed and using simultaneous sig nal sampling. The u se of new cosine windows with a recently published iterative algorithm is also incl uded, and the influence of additive noise in the te st signal is evaluated.
Elucidating the DNA–Histone Interaction in Nucleosome from the DNA–Dendrimer Complex

The electrostatic complex of DNA with poly(amidoamine) G6 dendrimer (called “dendriplex”) is used as a model system to resolve if pure electrostatic interaction can lead to the key structural features of nucleosome. Both dendrimer and histone octamer (HO) are found to attract DNA to wrap helically around them with comparable pitch lengths; however, the superhelical trajectory in the dendriplex is loose and fluctuating, whereas that in nucleosome is tight and rigid. The DNA-wrapped dendrimer particles are closely spaced along the dendriplex fiber, while the nucleosome core particles (NCPs) in the nucleosome array are separated by relatively long linker DNA. The clear contrast in structural features attests that DNA–HO interaction is beyond electrostatics, as additional specific interactions exist to fix DNA superhelical trajectory and to select the favored DNA sequence for constituting the NCP.
The Linked Importance Sampler Auxiliary Variable Metropolis Hastings Algorithm for Distributions with Intractable Normalising Constants

We consider parameter inference for the class of models where the likelihoodfunction is analytically intractable as a result of a complicated normalising con-stant. This means that an MCMC algorithm for drawing from the posterior ofthe parameters of the model would involve evaluating an acceptance ratio con-taining a ratio of unknown normalising constants. We propose to improve onthe recently proposed auxiliary variable MCMC by extending the variable spaceof the auxiliary variable. Whereas the auxiliary variable MCMC may be con-strued as a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm that estimates the acceptance ratioin each iteration using simple importance sample based on only one observa-tion, we show how the algorithm proposed here can be seen as substituting theone-observation simple importance sample with the more efficient linked impor-tance sampler (LIS). While retaining the properties of the Metropolis-Hastingsalgorithm the use of LIS is generally applicable and allows flexibility in tuningthe mixing. In particular we show that the algorithm can be made to work forsome social network models for which Bayesian analysis has not previously beenfeasible. While the auxiliary variable MCMC works for an Ising model it doesnot work for other models, for which we show that we can achieve reasonablemixing by using the tuning features of the proposed algorithm. The modelsmentioned include a social influence model for correlated binary outcomes forpupils in an Australian school class where sociometric data is available, and,(curved) exponential family models for the collaboration network of partnersin a New England law firm.
Reassessing the Gender Wage Gap: Does Labour Force Attachment Really Matter? Evidence from Matched Labour Force and Biographical Surveys in Madagascar

Assessing gender inequalities has become one of the key issues of the new international poverty reduction strategies implemented in most LDCs in the past few years. It has been argued that differences in labour force attachment across gender are important to explain the extent of the gender earnings gap. However, measures of women's professional experience are particularly prone to errors given discontinuity in labour market participation. For instance, the classical Mincerian approach, where potential experience is used as a proxy for actual experience due to lack of appropriate data, has its limits in estimating the true returns to human capital. Such biases in the estimates cannot be ignored since the returns to human capital are used in the standard decomposition techniques to measure the extent of gender-based wage discrimination. By matching two original surveys conducted in Madagascar in 1998 - a labour force survey and a biographical survey - we built a unique dataset that enabled us to combine the original information gathered from each of them, particularly the earnings from current employment and the entire professional trajectories. Our results lead to an upward reappraisal of returns to experience, as potential experience always exceeds actual experience, for both males and females. In addition, controlling for further qualitative aspects of labour force attachment, we obtain a significant increase in the portion of the gender gap explained by observable characteristics, while the differences in average actual experience across sexes lead to markedly different estimates of the fraction of the gender earnings gap explained by experience.
Scanning tunneling microscopy studies on CeCoIn5 and CeIrIn5

High‐quality single crystals of the heavy fermion superconductors CeCoIn5 and CeIrIn5 have been studied by means of low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Methods were established to facilitate in situ sample cleaving. Spectroscopy in CeCoIn5 reveals a gap which persists to above Tc, possibly evidencing a precursor state to superconductivity. Atomically resolved topographs show a rearrangement of the atoms at the crystal surface. This modification at the surface might influence the surface properties as detected by tunneling spectroscopy.
Solar zenith angle dependencies of F1-layer, NmF2 negative disturbance, and G-condition occurrence probabilities

Experimental data acquired by the Ionospheric Digital Database of the National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado, from 1957 to 1990, are used to study the dependence of the G condition, F1-layer, and NmF2 nega- tive disturbance occurrence probabilities on the solar zenith angle during summer, winter, spring, and autumn months in latitude range 1 (between 10 and +10 of the geomag- netic latitude, 8), in latitude range 2 (10 < |8| 30 ), in latitude range 3 (30 < |'| 45 , 30 < |8| 45 ), in latitude range 4 (45 < |'| 60 , 45 < |8| 60 ), and in latitude range 5 (60 < |8| 90 ), where ' is the geographic latitude. Our calculations show that the G con- dition is more likely to occur during the first half of a day than during the second half of a day, at all latitudes during all seasons for the same value of the solar zenith angle. The F1-layer occurrence probability is larger in the first half of a day in comparison with that in the second half of a day for the same value of the solar zenith angle in latitude range 1 for all seasons, while the F1-layer occurrence probability is ap- proximately the same for the same solar zenith angle before and after noon in latitude ranges 4 and 5. The F1-layer and G condition are more commonly formed near midday than close to post sunrise or pre-sunset. The chance that the day- time F1-layer and G condition will be formed is greater in summer than in winter at the given solar zenith angle in lat- itude ranges 2-5, while the F1-layer occurrence probability is greater in winter than in summer for any solar zenith angle in latitude range 1. The calculated occurrence probability of the NmF2 weak negative disturbances reaches its max- imum and minimum values during daytime and night-time conditions, respectively, and the average night-time value of this probability is less than that by day for all seasons in all studied latitude regions. It is shown that the NmF2 normal, strong, and very strong negative disturbances are more fre- quent on average at night than by day in latitude ranges 1 and 2 for all seasons, reaching their maximum and minimum occurrence probability values at night and by day, respec-
Fine Structure and Formation of Cell Wall of Developing Cotton Fiber

-In the stage of elongation growth of cotton fiber, there is a plenty of amoeboid plastids, lipid droplets and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, in the stage of secondary wall thickening, cytoplasm is poor in amoeboid plastids and lipid droplets, but rich in smoothand rough-surfaced ER. The fact that microtubules alter their orientation from perpendicular to parallel to the cell axis in the course of transition from primary to. secondary wall deposition suggests that microtubules are responsible for the orientation of microfibril. Through secondary wall growth, vesicle-secreting ability of Golgi bodies seems to be very poor. In view of almost all cellulose that composes the cell wall components of cotton fiber, Golgi-derived vesicles could not excrete cellulose precursor to the wall. It was found that smooth-surfaced ER (SER) is derived from RER during the secondary wall thickening. In addition, vesicles (larger than Golgi-derived vesicles) and cisternae of SER appear most frequently near the plasmalemma and seems to be incorporated into the cell wall. Consequently, a close correlation between SER and wall synthesis is presumed in the development of cotton fiber. The occurrence of intensively el~ctron dense substances in a vacuole and paramural bodies is also discussed in relation to the formation of cell wall.
Simple method for measuring the porosity, thickness and refractive index of porous silicon, based on the Fabry-Pérot interference spectrum

This article presents a technique to estimate, nondestructively, the thickness, porosity and refractive index of porous silicon samples. The technique is based on the Fabry-Perot interference spectrum analyzed by the Reflectometric Interference Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (RIFTS). The technique, also known as SLIM - Spectroscopic Liquid Infiltration Method (Segal 2007) takes into account the infiltration of a liquid with known refractive index inside the pores of the samples.
CROP WEED INTERACTIONS UNDER ENVIRONMENT STRESS A- REVIEW

Crops and weeds compete with each other for the resources like water, light, nutrients etc. Due to human interventions climate is changing with increase in CO2, ozone concentration and temperature variation. Physiological basis for variation in the competing ability of crops and weeds is their C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways. Increase in CO2 alone favors C3 crops and weeds, but any simultaneous increase in temperature will benefit C4 crops and weeds. Tropospheric ozone also reduces crop yield and some weeds like purple nutsedge are less sensitive to ozone. Efficient cultivars and herbicides are necessary to control weeds under changing environments.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAYA FRUIT MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND E VA LUATION OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY

The field of Nanotechnology is the most active area of research in modern material science. Though there are many chemical as well as physical methods, green synthesis of nanomaterial is the most emerging method of synthesis. We report the synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using Papaya. The synthesized AgNPs have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. The silver nanoparticles stabilized by Papaya fruit extract were found to have enhanced antimicrobial activity against well-known pathogenic strains Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and E. coli.
Nitrous oxide emissions from selected natural and managed northern ecosystems

Microbial activity in soils is the main source of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide is a strong greenhouse gas in the troposphere and participates in ozone destructive reactions in the stratosphere. The constant increase in the atmospheric concentration, as well as uncertainties in the known sources and sinks of N2O underline the need to better understand the processes and pathways of N2O in terrestrial ecosystems. This study aimed at quantifying N2O emissions from soils in northern Europe and at investigating the processes and pathways of N2O from agricultural and forest ecosystems. Emissions were measured in forest ecosystems, agricultural soils and a landfill, using the soil gradient, chamber and eddy covariance methods. Processes responsible for N2O production, and the pathways of N2O from the soil to the atmosphere, were studied in the laboratory and in the field. These ecosystems were chosen for their potential importance to the national and global budget of N2O. Laboratory experiments with boreal agricultural soils revealed that N2O production increases drastically with soil moisture content, and that the contribution of the nitrification and denitrification processes to N2O emissions depends on soil type. Laboratory study with beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings demonstrated that trees can serve as conduits for N2O from the soil to the atmosphere. If this mechanism is important in forest ecosystems, the current emission estimates from forest soils may underestimate the total N2O emissions from forest ecosystems. Further field and laboratory studies are needed to evaluate the importance of this mechanism in forest ecosystems. The emissions of N2O from northern forest ecosystems and a municipal landfill were highly variable in time and space. The emissions of N2O from boreal upland forest soil were among the smallest reported in the world. Despite the low emission rates, the soil gradient method revealed a clear seasonal variation in N2O production. The organic topsoil was responsible for most of the N2O production and consumption in this forest soil. Emissions from the municipal landfill were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those from agricultural soils, which are the most important source of N2O to the atmosphere. Due to their small areal coverage, landfills only contribute minimally to national N2O emissions in Finland. The eddy covariance technique was demonstrated to be useful for measuring ecosystem-scale emissions of N2O in forest and landfill ecosystems. Overall, more measurements and integration between different measurement techniques are needed to capture the large variability in N2O emissions from natural and managed northern ecosystems.
Personalized Medicine through Circulating Tumor Cells: The New Dimension in Cancer Research

Outcomes in some of the current clinical trials could be misleading as they fail to represent the high genetic variability seen among cancer patients, leading to averaged responses taken from broader patient groups. In fact, clinicians and drug makers both agree that no group of trial volunteers could ever match the extraordinary biological diversity of the drug’s eventual consumers i.e., patients [1]. With such challenges the American Cancer Society anticipates that 580,350 Americans will die of cancer this year, resulting in nearly 1,600 people per day [2]. Since metastasis is a major cause of such high mortality rate, elucidating this enigmatic process can potentially help to change the current paradigm of cancer diagnosis, treatment and monitor efficacy of therapies. Emerging evidence indicates the important roles of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) in the spread of cancers and metastasis [3,4]. CTCs are the cells shed by primary tumor into circulation and known to be key players in metastasis [5,6]. Recent reports also show that these cells could be a good surrogate biomarker for not only prognosis, but also for cancer detection and development of personalized treatment [7-9]. This editorial briefly examines the current perspectives in using CTCs as a liquid biopsy to develop personalized targeted therapies for advancing the field of cancer research.
The Roles of Transfers and Participation Constraints in Trade Negotiations

By extending the logic of common agencies to international institutions, this paper shows the importance of studying the transfer process among groups within a country as well as among countries in trade negotiations. The consideration of difficulty or facility in transfers as well as the consideration of individual rationality constraint is essential for understanding the incentive mechanism in trade talks under an international organization. In this simple model of asymmetric information, we show that a transfer process uses up additional resources in order to realize the intended transfer. Costly transfers render the internal and international adjustment difficult, and they tend to deter the progress of trade liberalization. The theory of common agency has been successfully applied to analysis of government policies (e.g., Dixit (1997); Dixit, Grossman and Helpman, 1994) and policy choice of the euro zone (Dixit 2001). Under apparently reasonable conditions of individual rationality, free transfers, and incentive compatibility, the theory tells us that the common agency will serve the welfare of its principals. In other words, a government, as an agent, will serve the welfare of various interest groups, its principals; and the European Central Bank (ECB) will serve the interests of its member countries through maximizing the Benthamian contributions from the agents. Can this approach be generalized to other international institutions such as the IMF, the IBRD, the ILO and the WTO? We answer this question in the affirmative. While a government plays the role of a common agent for domestic pressure groups, international organizations play the same role for their member states. We also show, however, that the difficulty of implementing transfer payments across countries and participation constraints for
QUANTIFICATION AND EVOLUTION OF RABIES ANTIBODIES LEVEL BY ELISA IN DOG SERA WITH DIFFERENT NUMBER OF VACCINATIONS Cuantificación y evolución del nivel de anticuerpos de rabia por Elisa en sueros de perros con diferente número de vacunaciones

SUMMARY In the present study have been analyzed 253 sera samples from dogs with different number of anti-rabies vaccinations. The aim of this work has been to obtain dates that allow to detect and quantify the level of antibodies against rabies virus to know its evolution in refering to the numbers of vaccination. The method used has been ELISA, by considering that is rapid and safe and we can analize a great number of samples, therefore its sensitivity is comparable at seroneutralization methods. By simple correlation analysis (a = 0.05), the results obtained show no significant differences between vaccinated dogs in the first time and those vaccinated severa1 times, but a difference between the antibodies level (optical densities) in sera from vaccinated dogs and those non vaccinated animals, was found.
A cutting plane algorithm for Modularity maximization with heuristics for separation problem

The modularity proposed by Newman and Girvan is the most commonly used measure when the nodes of a graph are grouped into communities consisting of tightly connected nodes. We formulate the modularity maximization problem as a set partitioning problem, and propose an algorithm for the problem based on the linear programming relaxation. We solve the dual of the linear programming relaxation by using a cutting plane method. To mediate the slow convergence that cutting plane methods usually suffer, we propose a method for finding and simultaneously adding multiple cutting planes which may complement well each other.
Modelling Team Effectiveness and its Determinants Among Multidisciplinary Engineering Students: A Case of Malaysian Public University

Team effectiveness depends on the performance of each team member. Success or failure of a team highly relies on the interaction level of all members. Effective teamwork is a critical learning outcome for engineering students and it is one of the most desired skill required by employers. All engineering graduates must have the ability to function in multidisciplinary teams. Prior studies had also found that, many Malaysian employers agreed that the lack of team working skill among the Malaysian graduates would risk the survival of an organisation and in result developing low-level interpersonal skills which is equally necessary for working effectively in a team. However, in the engineering education literature most of the previous studies have focused on the area of professional environments. A very few studies were conducted in the context of educational environments to identify the factors that affect the team effectiveness in higher education. Moreover several internal and external factors also influence the outcomes of student teamwork and not every group is effective in their objectives and numerous groups fail. Therefore, this study is designed to identify the underlying factors that help students to develop their teamwork skill, thus improving team effectiveness. Hence, upon analysing the articles found in this study, nine (factors were identified to have more impacts towards team effectiveness, which were (1) team communication, (2) trust, (3) team cohesion, (4) team leadership, (5) team coordination and cooperation, (6) team commitment, (7) team performance, (8) team satisfaction, and (9) task interdependence. In addition, after comparing several models and theories, a conceptual model that demonstrates relationships among the identified factors was proposed. It asserted team performance and team satisfaction as the predictors of team effectiveness.