Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions to human breast milk microbiome and enteromammary transfer of Bifidobacterium breve

Increasing evidence supports the importance of the breast milk microbiome in seeding the infant gut. However, the origin of bacteria in milk and the process of milk microbe-mediated seeding of infant intestine need further elucidation. Presumed sources of bacteria in milk include locations of mother-infant and mother-environment interactions. We investigate the role of mother-infant interaction on breast milk microbes. Shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified milk microbes of mother-infant pairs in breastfed infants and in infants that have never latched. Although breast milk has low overall biomass, milk microbes play an important role in seeding the infant gut. Breast milk bacteria were largely comprised of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter primarily derived from maternal areolar skin and infant oral sites in breastfeeding pairs. This suggests that the process of breastfeeding is a potentially important mechanism for propagation of breast milk microbes through retrograde flux via infant oral and areolar skin contact. In one infant delivered via Caesarian section, a distinct strain of Bifidobacteria breve was identified in maternal rectum, breast milk and the infant’s stool potentially suggesting direct transmission. This may support the existence of microbial translocation of this anaerobic bacteria via the enteromammary pathway in humans, where maternal bacteria translocate across the maternal gut and are transferred to the mammary glands. Modulating sources of human milk microbiome seeding potentially imply opportunities to ultimately influence the development of the infant microbiome and health.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate

Renpeng Liu: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate (Under the direction of Jian Liu, Ph.D.) Heparan sulfate (HS) participates in a variety of biological functions and has been exploited for its ability to be utilized as a HS-based drug. Chemical synthesis of HS remains extremely challenging. Previous research has proven the feasibility of using a HS enzymebased approach to synthesize HS structures with unique biological activities. Our central hypothesis is that all subsequent modifications following N-sulfation during HS biosynthesis are governed by the number and position of the GlcNS residue. In this dissertation, a fluorous affinity tag-assisted chemoenzymatic synthesis technique has been developed to build a HS octasaccharide library with defined N-sulfo glucosamine (GlcNS) positions. The HS backbone was synthesized by heparosan biosynthetic enzymes. N-acetyl glucosaminyl transferase from E.coli K5 (KfiA) was used to transfer either GlcNAc or GlcNTFA (Ntrifluoroacetylglucosamine) residues to the growing chain. Heparosan synthase from pasteurella (PmHS2) was used to transfer the GlcUA residues. A selective detrifluoroacetylation was performed because under these conditions, the GlcNTFA is labile and will be converted to glucosamine (GlcNH2) while the GlcNAc residue remains intact. The resultant GlcNH2 is then converted to a GlcNS residue by N-sulfotransferase (NST). Nsulfo-6-O-sulfo HS backbones with different 6-O-sulfation patterns and different sizes were
EFFECTS OF JAMBOLAN (SYZYGIUM CUMINI L. SKEELS) IN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS’ CHROMOSOME OF RODENTS

The objective of this study was to investigate the jambolan acute effects in rodents. The jambolan lyophilized edible fraction (pulp and peel) was solubilized in drinking water and then administered orally to Wistar female rats for 28 days. It was evaluated the renal and hepatic functions by serum levels of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase. To make the micronucleus test, it was prepared a jambolan solution for administration orally, in a single dose, to female Swiss mice. After 24 hours was performed euthanasia by exsanguination under anesthesia to remove the marrow from the femurs of mice and to evaluate possible damage to the chromosomes of hematopoietic cells. According to the results, it can be stated that the oral ingestion of the peel and freeze-dried pulp jambolan showed no mutagenicity or no effect on biochemical markers of kidney and liver functions in rodents. Keywords : Myrtaceae; biochemical markers, toxicity. EFEITOS DOS FRUTOS DE SYZYGIUM CUMINI LAMARCK SKEELS EM PARÂMETROS BIOQUIMICOS E EM CROMOSSOMA DE CELULAS HEMATOPOIETICAS DE ROEDORES FEMEAS RESUMO: A familia Myrtaceae e amplamente diversificada. Entre seus exemplares esta o jambolao ( Syzyguim cumini Skeels) que apresenta inumeros estudos relacionando suas propriedades terapeuticas. No entanto, poucos estudos foram realizados para avaliar a seguranca da ingestao do fruto pela populacao. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma investigacao dos efeitos agudos do jambolao em roedores. A fracao comestivel liofilizada do jambolao foi solubilizada em agua potavel e administrada por via oral, durante 28 dias, nas concentracoes de 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg e 400mg/kg em ratas Wistar, para avaliacao das funcoes renal e hepatica, por meio de dosagens sericas de ureia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Para o teste de micronucleo, foi preparada uma solucao de jambolao de forma identica, nas mesmas concentracoes, para administracao, por via oral, em uma unica dose aos camundongos femeas Swiss. Apos 24h foi realizada a eutanasia por exsanguinacao anestesiada para a retirada das medulas dos femures dos camundongos e avaliacao de possiveis danos provocados nos cromossomas das celulas hematopoieticas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que a ingestao oral da casca e polpa liofilizadas do jambolao nao apresentaram mutagenicidade ou efeitos sobre os marcadores bioquimicos das funcoes renal e hepatica, em roedores, o que leva a pressupor seguranca para o uso do fruto pelas industrias alimenticias e farmaceuticas. Palavras-chave: Myrtaceae, Marcadores Bioquimicos, Toxicidade.
Structural characteristics of the soil fauna community in beach wetlands of the Poyang Lake region

Ping LU, Nianhua DAI, Guohua ZHANG, Meiwen ZHANG, Derong XU*, Zhuorong LIU, Zhiqiang HUANG Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, P.R. China Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China Jiangxi Provincial Management Bureau of Wild Fauna and Flora Conservation, Nanchang, P.R. China
Joint Information and Energy Transfer in Fading Relay Systems

In this paper, we consider a three-point relay system, in which the relay has no fixed energy supplies and thus needs to replenish energy from RF signals transmitted by the source via wireless energy transfer (WET). We propose optimal cooperative transmission scheme when the source knows partial or full channel state information (CSI). When the source knows partial CSI, to maximize the ergodic throughput under the peak/total power constraints of source and causality constraints of relay, we formulate the joint optimization of power control and information/energy transfer scheduling as a non-convex optimization of functional. By introducing new variables and constraints into the problem, the problem is solved by combining the convex optimization method and linear search. When the source knows full CSI, the joint optimization of power control and information/energy transfer is addressed by utilizing convex optimization of functional.
Utilization of related wild species (Echinacea purpurea) for genetic enhancement of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helianthus annuus is one of the most important oil species, with a comparatively narrow genetic base. The development of new sunflower cultivars is the focus of many research and breeding programs. Intergeneric hybridization between H. annuus and Echinacea purpurea, a valuable medicinal plant, has not yet been utilized in cultivar development. This paper describes 2 advanced hybrid lines produced from an intergeneric cross between the cultivated sunflower inbred line 6650 and an accession of E. purpurea. The hybrid plants have successfully been grown in the field. The hybrids, showing expression of traits from both parental species, were intermediate between both parents for plant height, leaf shape, leaf color, floral characteristics, tocopherol content, and fatty acid profile. It could be postulated that the hybridization Helianthus × Echinacea offers opportunities for combining desirable traits that increase the variability of cultivated sunflower.
Author response: Circulating cortisol and cognitive and structural brain measures: The Framingham Heart Study

Jiménez-Pavón et al. suggest that we should have considered physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness as a factor that mediates the relation between cortisol and brain volumes in our study.1 We agree that physical activity may be associated with circulating levels of cortisol. However, there are reasons not to consider physical activity (or cardiorespiratory fitness) as a mediating factor in an analysis linking cortisol levels to brain-related outcomes.
Identification of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) receptors through the use of recombinant capsid protein, VP2.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a non-enveloped Birnavirus which infects the immature antibody producing B-cells of the bursa of Fabricius in young chickens. The virus causes infectious bursal disease (IBD) which is highly contagious and immunosuppressive. A compromised immune system in infected chickens leaves them susceptible to other opportunistic pathogens and as a result increases their mortality rate. Major economic losses in the commercial poultry industry are subsequently experienced in affected regions. Currently vaccines are used to control IBDV infection, however, their efficacy is affected by factors such as the presence of maternally derived antibodies in young chickens which reduces vaccine load, the continuous emergence of new virulent IBDV strains and bursal atrophy caused by some vaccines. It is therefore important to consider new ways of controlling the virus such as targeting specific stages in the virus life cycle. Since virus attachment to host cell receptor(s) is the most crucial step in the virus life cycle, developing novel antiviral agents which prevent viral entry represents a good alternative strategy for IBDV control. Identification of receptor binding proteins and receptors of host cell membranes is required for antiviral development. The receptor binding protein and outer capsid of IBDV is VP2, however, the receptor(s) utilised by IBDV to gain entry into host cells have not been conclusively identified. Recombinant VP2 was used to identify possible IBDV receptor(s) on bursal plasma membranes using a virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) and affinity chromatography. Therefore, VP2 was heterologously expressed in an Escherichia coli and a Pichia pastoris expression system as a 64 kDa fusion protein and a 47 kDa protein respectively. In addition, both systems expressed VP2 as high molecular mass proteins which were confirmed by electro-elution and western blotting. Although purification of VP2 expressed in the E. coli system was a challenge because VP2 expressed as inclusion bodies, polyclonal chicken anti-VP2 antibodies were produced using VP2 expressed in this system. Purification of VP2 expressed in P. pastoris was easier and produced a greater yield of VP2 which was used to produce a VP2-coupled affinity matrix for the purification of chicken anti-VP2 antibodies and for the purification of VP2-binding proteins of the bursal plasma membrane. Moreover, peptides were selected from the VP2 amino acid sequence and use to raise polyclonal chicken anti-VP2 peptide antibodies for comparative
Mutations beget more mutations – The baseline mutation rate and runaway accumulation

There is a sizable literature on mutation rate evolution (Drake 1991; Makova and Li 2002; Lynch 2011; Scally and Durbin 2012; Sung, et al. 2012) but few studies incorporate the recent genomic data from somatic tissues that suggest the operation of mutators. These data show that the mutation burden among cancer samples may vary by several orders of magnitude (Kandoth, et al. 2013; Lawrence, et al. 2013). We now propose a runaway model, applicable to both the germline and the soma, whereby the accumulation of mutator mutations forms a positive-feedback loop. In this loop, any mutator mutation would increase the probability of acquiring the next mutator, thus triggering a runaway escalation in mutation rate. The process can be initiated more readily if there are many weak, rather than a few strong, mutators. Interestingly, even a small increase in the mutation rate at birth could trigger the runaway process, resulting in unfit progeny in slowly reproducing species. In such species, the need to minimize the risk of this uncontrolled accumulation would entail a mutation rate that may seem unnecessarily low. In comparison, species that starts and ends reproduction much sooner do not face the risk and may set the baseline mutation rate higher. The mutation rate would evolve as the generation time changes, therefore explaining many puzzling evolutionary phenomena (Elango, et al. 2006; Thomas, et al. 2010; Langergraber, et al. 2012; Thomas, et al. 2018; Besenbacher, et al. 2019).
The PMIP4 Contribution to CMIP6-Part 4: Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design of the PMIP4-CMIP6 Last Glacial Maximum Experiments and PMIP4 Sensitivity Experiments

Abstract. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 years ago) is one of the suite of paleoclimate simulations included in the current phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). It is an interval when insolation was similar to the present, but global ice volume was at a maximum, eustatic sea level was at or close to a minimum, greenhouse gas concentrations were lower, atmospheric aerosol loadings were higher than today, and vegetation and land-surface characteristics were different from today. The LGM has been a focus for the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) since its inception, and thus many of the problems that might be associated with simulating such a radically different climate are well documented. The LGM state provides an ideal case study for evaluating climate model performance because the changes in forcing and temperature between the LGM and pre-industrial are of the same order of magnitude as those projected for the end of the 21st century. Thus, the CMIP6 LGM experiment could provide additional information that can be used to constrain estimates of climate sensitivity. The design of the Tier 1 LGM experiment (lgm) includes an assessment of uncertainties in boundary conditions, in particular through the use of different reconstructions of the ice sheets and of the change in dust forcing. Additional (Tier 2) sensitivity experiments have been designed to quantify feedbacks associated with land-surface changes and aerosol loadings, and to isolate the role of individual forcings. Model analysis and evaluation will capitalize on the relative abundance of paleoenvironmental observations and quantitative climate reconstructions already available for the LGM.
Structure and Function of Periosteum with Special Reference to its Clinical Application

This review summarizes the structure of periosteum in relation to clinical applications. It shows the structure of periosteum as outer fibrous and inner osteogenic layers. Bone lining cells were used recently to describe inactive osteoblasts. The review also discussed the role of periostin protein, its higher concentration in periosteum than bone. Periostin is high early in fracture while decrease after stoppage of cellular differentiation so figure out the stem cell as the main source of periostin. Also in this review the structure of bone niche was described as formed of cellular part and non cellular part. Stem cell niche is very important to regulate stem cell division and direct differentiation to bone growth or bone healing and regeneration of damaged bone. This review also reported the blood supply of periosteum. Blood supply from periosteum is divided into four vascular systems. It sheds a light on morphology of osteoblasts and mechanism of mineralization. osteoblast has specific receptors in the cell membrane and contains a magic structure called matrix vesicle which plays the key role in bone mineralization. Moreover, the review discusses the role of periosteum in bone remodeling. Periosteal bone formation is described in different ages: fetal, childhood and adulthood. It also reported on osteoblastic activation of osteoclasts and its role in bone structure. The review explained the new term of bone remodeling unit which is formed of cutting cone and closing cone so confirm the importance of exercise for healthy bone formation. Factors affecting bone formation by periosteum were also categorized to hormonal, mechanical, environmental genetic and diseases. Healing of bone fracture is the most important one clinical application, but the review also contains many clinical applications related to the structure and function of periosteum.
Specific targeting of intestinal Prevotella copri by a Listeria monocytogenes bacteriocin

Deciphering the specific function of every microorganism in microbial gut communities is a key issue to interrogate their role during infection. Here, we report the discovery of a Listeria bacteriocin, Lmo2776, that specifically targets the abundant gut commensal Prevotella copri and affects Listeria infection. Oral infection of conventional mice with a Δlmo2776 mutant leads to a thinner intestinal mucus layer and higher Listeria loads both in the intestinal content and deeper tissues compared to WT Listeria, while no difference is observed in germ-free mice. This microbiota-dependent effect is phenocopied by precolonization of germ-free mice before Listeria infection, with P. copri, but not with other commensals,. Together, these data unveil a role for Prevotella in controlling intestinal infection, highlighting that pathogens may selectively deplete microbiota to avoid excessive inflammation.
Hubungan Antara Obesitas Dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Rawasari Kota Jambi Tahun 2018

Hipertensi yang juga dikenal sebagai tekanan darah tinggi, merupakan kondisi pembuluh darah yang terus-menerus menaikkan tekanan di atas normal. Secara global, penyakit kardiovaskular menyumbang sekitar 17 juta kematian per tahunnya, hampir sepertiga dari total. Dari jumlah tersebut, komplikasi hipertensi menyumbang 9,4 juta kematian di seluruh dunia setiap tahunnya. Hipertensi adalah salah satu penyebab kematian dini di seluruh dunia dan masalah ini semakin berkembang. Pada tahun 2025, diperkirakan 1,56 miliar orang dewasa akan hidup dengan hipertensi. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang memiliki peran dalam terjadinya hipertensi, termasuk obesitas dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Rawasari Jambi pada bulan April – Mei 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling dengan jumlah sampel 97 responden. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan wawancara, pengukuran tekanan darah, dan pengukuran tinggi dan berat badan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa dari 97 responden, 41.24% berusia 60 – 69 tahun, 51,55% responden adalah laki-laki, 44,33% responden tamat SMA/MA, 38,14% responden adalah ibu rumah tangga, 53,61% responden mengalami obesitas, 43,40% responden memiliki aktivitas fisik ringan, dan 62,89% memiliki tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi. Terdapat hubungan antara obestas dengan hipertensi (p = 0,004), dan terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan hipertensi (p = 0,000). Tekanan darah tinggi dapat dicegah dengan mengadopsi modifikasi gaya hidup sesuai dengan rekomendasi JNC VII.
High‐Interaction Diagnostics for Geostatistical Models of Spatially Referenced Data

Post-modelling diagnostics can be used to perform a model criticism, to explore the data using the model, to decompose the model spatially and to detect anomalies. Development of diagnostic tools for spatially referenced data, a type of data that often arises in the geological sciences, has been largely neglected. This is partly because until recently there has been no effective way of displaying and analysing the plots of such diagnostics. High interaction graphics provide such a method. They have been used to great effect in general Exploratory Data Analysis (Cleveland & McGill, 1988), and recently with spatially referenced data (Haslett et al., 1991). An interactive graphics platform can display and manipulate large quantities of statistical information. This can include pointwise, pairwise and subsetwise measures. This paper uses these facilities to develop some new diagnostics and more effectively use the current ones. This involves examining and decomposing the model fitted to the covariance structure of the data. The diagnostics are demonstrated and compared using the software package REGARD in the context of a data set from the soil sciences.
Cost of Physical Therapists Serving as a Musculoskeletal Providers Compared to Family Practice Providers in a Military Treatment Facility

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How merozoite surface antigen-specific antibodies inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro

In hyperendemic malarious regions adults develop protective immunity to Plasmodium falciparum infection. In order for this immunity to develop the host immune system must be able to recognise the parasite. One stage at which this occurs is prior to red blood cell invasion when the extracellular form of the parasite, the merozoite, presents the host immune system with a number of potential immunogens termed merozoite surface antigens. Antibodies to merozoite surface antigens are able to inhibit the growth and development of the parasite in vitro. This thesis explores the mechanisms by which merozoite surface antigen -specific antibodies exert this inhibition. The affinity, fine specificity and Fcmediated effects of antibodies may affect their functional activity. Immortalised B cell lines producing merozoite surface antigen specific human monoclonal antibodies were generated in order to investigate the effect of these factors on their growth inhibitory activity in vitro. The preliminary characterisation of these mAbs is described in chapter 3. However, sufficient quantities of these mAbs could not be generated for their functional activity to be investigated in vitro. Current dogma holds that the primary function of antibodies is to provide a molecular link between antigen recognition and pathogen destruction. However, all Abs have the ability to catalyse a reaction between singlet oxygen and water to generate hydrogen peroxide. This thesis explored the hypothesis that this antibody catalysed water -oxidation pathway is responsible for the intraerythrocytic growth inhibition exerted by MSP -1 -19specific Abs. An in vitro ACWO assay was developed to test this hypothesis and data suggest that ACWO may occur in infected RBCs associated with an antiMSP -1 -19 monoclonal antibody. Antibodies specific to an intrinsically unstructured region from the Cterminal half of merozoite surface protein 3.3, designated MSP3.3C, are highly effective at inhibiting