Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of success or failure of transition to day hospital treatment for inpatients with anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE Clinicians are under increasing pressure to transfer inpatients with anorexia nervosa to less intensive treatment early in their hospital course. This study identifies prognostic factors clinicians can use in determining the earliest time to transfer an inpatient with anorexia to a day hospital program. METHOD The authors reviewed the charts of 59 female patients with anorexia nervosa who were transferred from 24-hour inpatient care to an eating disorder day hospital program. They evaluated the prognostic significance of a variety of anthropometric, demographic, illness history, and psychometric measures in this retrospective chart review. RESULTS Greater risk of day hospital program treatment failure and inpatient readmission was associated with longer duration of illness (for patients who had been ill for more than 6 years, risk ratio = 2.7), amenorrhea (for patients who had this symptom for more than 2.5 years, risk ratio = 5.7), or lower body mass index at the time of inpatient admission (for patients with a body mass index of 16.5 or less, risk ratio = 9.6; for those with a body mass index 75% or less than normal, risk ratio = 7.2) or at the time of transition to the day hospital program (for patients with a body mass index of 19 or less, risk ratio = 3.9; for those with a body mass index 90% or less than normal, risk ratio = 11.7). CONCLUSIONS Inpatients with anorexia nervosa who have the poor prognostic indicators found in this study are in need of continued inpatient care to avoid immediate relapse and higher cost and longer duration of treatment.
Commercial Induction Heaters With High-Temperature Superconductor Coils

The induction heater for aluminum, copper and brass extrusion billets is an application where high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) provide clear benefits compared to conventional technology. With an energy efficiency of just some 50% for conventional technology and limitations in processing speed, the potential for improvements is evident. A novel heater design based on superconductors, and a fast product development have led to an industrial breakthrough. With one unit in operation since August 2008 and four more sold, the superconducting induction heater has become the first true commercial HTS product. Radical efficiency increases, improvements in process speed, quality and cost have been demonstrated in a rough industrial environment. In this paper we explain how to fully utilize the superconductor in this application by altering the established concepts of induction heating. The electromagnetic realization as well as cryogenic integration based on off-the-shelf cryo-coolers are described. Furthermore, operational experience from heating up 10,000 tons of aluminum (350,000 billets) in the first commercial installation is presented.
Correlates of Body Depilation

Recent studies suggest that body hair may be of increasing importance in men’s overall body image. Body depilation is a relatively new area of clinical and research inquiry among men with much of the documented evidence of the phenomenon split between mass media accounts and descriptive scientific investigations. This study was undertaken to further our understanding of this behavior by examining the relationship between depilation and other dimensions of body image in a nonclinical sample. A total of 364 men completed measures assessing self-reported hair growth, body depilation, drive for muscularity, gender role conflict, body dysmorphia, and social comparison. The correlates of body depilation included a drive for muscularity, gender role conflict, and physical appearance social comparison. Significant differences were identified among men who depilate, compared with those who do not, on measures of social comparison and a drive for muscularity. These findings lend support for the idea that body hair, and its reduction or removal, is a key aspect of men’s body image that translates into some challenges in assessment and prevention among health care practitioners.
Unraveling the Catalytic Mechanism of Nitrile Hydratases*

To elucidate a detailed catalytic mechanism for nitrile hydratases (NHases), the pH and temperature dependence of the kinetic constants kcat and Km for the cobalt-type NHase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM 3095 (PtNHase) were examined. PtNHase was found to exhibit a bell-shaped curve for plots of relative activity versus pH at pH 3.2–11 and was found to display maximal activity between pH 7.2 and 7.8. Fits of these data provided pKES1 and pKES2 values of 5.9 ± 0.1 and 9.2 ± 0.1 (kcat′ = 130 ± 1 s-1), respectively, and pKE1 and pKE2 values of 5.8 ± 0.1 and 9.1 ± 0.1 (kcat′/Km′ = (6.5 ± 0.1) × 103 s-1 mm-1), respectively. Proton inventory studies indicated that two protons are transferred in the rate-limiting step of the reaction at pH 7.6. Because PtNHase is stable at 60 °C, an Arrhenius plot was constructed by plotting ln(kcat) versus 1/T, providing Ea = 23.0 ± 1.2 kJ/mol. The thermal stability of PtNHase also allowed ΔH0 ionization values to be determined, thus helping to identify the ionizing groups exhibiting the pKES1 and pKES2 values. Based on ΔH0ion data, pKES1 is assigned to βTyr68, whereas pKES2 is assigned to βArg52, βArg157, or αSer112 (NHases are α2β2-heterotetramers). A combination of these data with those previously reported for NHases and synthetic model complexes, along with sequence comparisons of both iron- and cobalt-type NHases, allowed a novel catalytic mechanism for NHases to be proposed.
Effectiveness of Revised Pharmacology Record Books as a Teaching-Learning Method for Second Year Medical Students.

INTRODUCTION The goal of teaching medical undergraduates Pharmacology is to form a sound foundation of therapeutics. The pharmacology record books are maintained as a part of the curriculum. The purpose of this study was to obtain feedback of the medical students about the new record adopted in the institution after major revision. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a questionnaire based study done in a Government Medical College of Kerala in February 2013. The data was analysed using SPSS. The feedback on clinical pharmacology exercises was given positive and negative scores. RESULTS Majority (64.5%) opined that the content in pharmacology record was good. A total of 78.1% completed the record during discussions in practical classes. Majority wrote the records for understanding pharmacology. For 79.8% General Pharmacology exercises were most relevant, 33.8% considered Clinical Pharmacology exercises to be the most thought provoking. Drug use in special groups received the maximum positive score. CONCLUSION The new improved pharmacology record is an effective teaching-learning method. Inclusion of more clinically oriented exercises has increased the interest of the students in the subject.
Distribution of fine neurites of stomatogastric neurons of the crab Cancer borealis: Evidence for a structured neuropil

The neuropil of the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab Cancer borealis contains many neuronal processes that may be arranged either at random or in some form of orderly structure. In this study, we provide evidence for two types of order in the neuropil, a segregation of the processes based on their size and a cell‐specific distribution to the fine neurites. Identified neurons were injected with Lucifer yellow, fixed, and imaged as whole mounts with a confocal microscope. Four cell types were analyzed using the serial images, two pyloric neurons, one mixed pyloric/gastric neuron, and one gastric neuron. All of the neurons consisted of a ∼ 60‐μm‐diameter soma, a ∼ 20‐μm‐diameter primary neurite projecting into the center of the neuropil, a number of < 10‐μm‐diameter medium‐sized neurites radiating away from the center, and many < 3‐μm‐diameter fine neurites around the periphery of the neuropil. The neuropil can, therefore, be divided into three layers, a central core containing the largest neurites, an intermediate region containing both medium‐sized and fine neurites, and a peripheral neuropil containing mostly fine neurites. The distribution of the fine neurites was mapped using a three‐dimensional grid. We found that the fine neurites were distributed not at random within the neuropil but in consistent, cell‐specific patterns. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The democracy dilemma. Aid, power-sharing governments, and post-conflict democratization

How does development aid shape democracy after civil conflicts? I argue that political aid conditionalities and the economic utility that recipient elites gain from office give rise to a rent-seeking/democracy dilemma: recipients can initiate democratic reforms but also risk uncertainty over office and rents. Or they can refuse to implement such reforms, but risk losing aid rents if donors reduce aid flows in response to failed democratic reforms. This dilemma is strongest in power-sharing cabinets. By granting rebel groups temporally limited access to the state budget, such cabinets intensify elites’ rent-seeking motives. Thus, aid-dependent power-sharing elites will hold cleaner elections, but also limit judicial independence and increase particularistic spending to simultaneously reap aid benefits and remain in power. I find statistical support for this argument using data on aid flows and power-sharing governments for all post-conflict states between 1990 and 2010.
L-Band Passive and Active Signatures of Vegetated Soil: Simulations With a Unified Model

The synergistic exploitation of L-band active and passive measurements has received increasing interest. In this paper, both theoretical simulations and experimental data are employed to get a deeper insight into the relations between the backscattering coefficient and the emissivity. An active/passive discrete model is used to simulate the backscattering coefficient and the emissivity of bare soil, maize crop of various heights, and deciduous forests of various biomass values. Volumetric soil moisture is varied in a 5-40% range. Simulations confirm the already known effects of soil moisture (whose increase produces a decrease in emissivity e and an increase in backscattering coefficient σ0) and the effects of vegetation growth that yields an increase in both σ0 and e. Experimental data collected by four airborne campaigns and spaceborne active/passive instruments, together with ground measurements, are also reported. Simulated data are used to investigate the sensitivity of active and passive measurements to soil moisture variations under different vegetation covers, and to estimate the coefficient of a linear relation between backscattering coefficient and emissivity.
Asymmetric Sternotomy and Sternal Wound Complications: Assessment Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction

Objective Wound complications after midline sternotomy result in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite many known risk factors, the influence of sternal asymmetry has largely been ignored. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of 3-dimensional computed tomographic scan reconstructions to assess sternal asymmetry and determine its relationship with sternal wound infection. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent midline sternotomy and received a postoperative computed tomographic scan between 2009 and 2010. Cases were composed of all patients who had a sternal wound infection after undergoing sternotomy. Controls were randomly selected from patients without poststernotomy wound complications. Sternal asymmetry was defined as the difference between the left and the right sternal halves and was expressed as a percentage of the total sternal volume. Results Twenty-six cases were identified and 32 controls were selected as described earlier. The patients were similar in baseline characteristics and risk factors including age, sex, smoking status, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, preoperative creatinine, and operative time. Univariate factors associated with sternal wound infection include an asymmetry of 10% or greater, body mass index, and internal mammary artery harvest. In a multivariate logistic regression, independent predictors of sternal wound infection included an asymmetry of 10% or greater (odds ratio, 3.6; P = 0.03) and diabetes (odds ratio, 3.3; P = 0.0442). Conclusions Our data suggest an association between asymmetric sternotomy and sternal wound infections. We recommend an assessment of sternal asymmetry to be performed in patients with sternal wound infection and if it is found to be 10% or greater, the surgeon should implement measures that stabilize the sternum.
Psychological distress and visual functioning in relation to vision-related disability in older individuals with cataracts.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether demographic, health status and psychological functioning measures, in addition to impaired visual acuity, are related to vision-related disability. METHODS Participants were 105 individuals (mean age=73.7 years) with cataracts requiring surgery and corrected visual acuity in the better eye of 6/24 to 6/36 were recruited from waiting lists at three public out-patient ophthalmology clinics. Visual disability was measured with the Visual Functioning-14 survey. Visual acuity was assessed using better and worse eye logMAR scores and the Melbourne Edge Test (MET) for edge contrast sensitivity. Data relating to demographic information, depression, anxiety and stress, health care and medication use and numbers of co-morbid conditions were obtained. RESULTS Principal component analysis revealed four meaningful factors that accounted for 75% of the variance in visual disability: recreational activities, reading and fine work, activities of daily living and driving behaviour. Multiple regression analyses determined that visual acuity variables were the only significant predictors of overall vision-related functioning and difficulties with reading and fine work. For the remaining visual disability domains, non-visual factors were also significant predictors. Difficulties with recreational activities were predicted by stress, as well as worse eye visual acuity, and difficulties with activities of daily living were associated with self-reported health status, age and depression as well as MET contrast scores. Driving behaviour was associated with sex (with fewer women driving), depression, anxiety and stress scores, and MET contrast scores. CONCLUSION Vision-related disability is common in older individuals with cataracts. In addition to visual acuity, demographic, psychological and health status factors influence the severity of vision-related disability, affecting recreational activities, activities of daily living and driving.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology physiologie et pharmacologie

: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a multifactorial disease characterized by left ventricular dilation that is associated with systolic dysfunction and increased action potential duration. The Kir2.x K + channels (encoded by KCNJ genes) regulate the inward rectiﬁer current ( I K1 ) contributing to the ﬁnal repolarization in cardiac muscle. Here, we describe the transitions in the gene expression proﬁles of 4 KCNJ genes from healthy or dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts. In the healthy adult ventricles, KCNJ2 , KCNJ12 , and KCNJ4 (Kir2.1–2.3, respectively) genes were expressed at high levels, while expression of the KCNJ14 (Kir2.4) gene was low. In DCM ventricles, the levels of Kir2.1 and Kir2.3 were upregulated, but those of Kir2.2 channels were downregulated. Additionally, the expression of the DLG1 gene coding for the synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97) anchoring molecule exhibited a 2-fold decline with increasing age in normal hearts, and it was robustly downregulated in young DCM patients. These adaptations could offer a new aspect for the explanation of the generally observed physiological and molecular alterations found in DCM. ventricule gauche associée a` une dysfonction systolique et a` une augmentation de la durée du potentiel d'action. Les canaux potassiques Kir2.x (codés par les gènes KCNJ ) régulent le courant rectiﬁant entrant ( I KI ), contribuant a` la repolarisation ﬁnale du muscle cardiaque. Nous décrivons ici la transition des proﬁls d'expression génique de quatre KCNJ a` partir du cœur d'individus normaux vers des cœurs cardiomyopathiques dilatés. Les gènes KCNJ2, KCNJ12 et KCNJ4 (Kir2.1–2.3) étaient exprimés a` des niveaux élevés dans les cœurs non malades, alors que l'expression du gène KCNJ14 (Kir2.4) était faible. Les niveaux de Kir2.1 et Kir2.3 étaient régulés a` la hausse dans la CMD mais ceux des canaux Kir2.2 étaient diminués. De plus, l'expression du gène DLG1 qui code la protéine associée au synapse SAP97, une protéine d'ancrage, était diminuée de 2 fois en fonction de l'augmentation de l'âge des individus dont le cœur est normal, et elle était fortement diminuée chez les jeunes patients atteints de CMD. Ces adaptations pourraient offrir un constituer une nouvelle façon d'expliquer les modiﬁcations physiologiques et moléculaires généralement observées dans la CMD. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : canaux potassiques rectiﬁants entrants, I KI , cardiomyopathie dilatée, Kir2.x, SAP97.
Transforming Acidic Coiled-coil Protein 3 (TACC3) Controls Friend of GATA-1 (FOG-1) Subcellular Localization and Regulates the Association between GATA-1 and FOG-1 during Hematopoiesis*

Physical association between the transcription factor GATA-1 and the cofactor, Friend of GATA-1 (FOG-1), is essential for the differentiation of two blood cell types, erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms that modulate their interaction within cells. In the present study, we have identified TACC3 as a FOG-1-interacting protein. Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3), a protein that is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells, has been reported to have a critical role in the expansion of immature hematopoietic progenitors. We show that TACC3 affects FOG-1 nuclear localization, altering the interaction between GATA-1 and FOG-1. However, GATA-1 competes with TACC3 in the interaction with FOG-1. We observe that high levels of TACC3 inhibit the function of FOG-1 as a transcriptional cofactor of GATA-1. Furthermore, forced expression of TACC3 to levels similar to those found in progenitor cells delays terminal maturation of MEL and G1ER cells, two cell models of erythroid cell development. We suggest a role for TACC3 in regulating the cellular distribution of FOG-1 and thus the direct interaction of GATA-1 and FOG-1 as a mechanism to control the transition between expansion of multipotential progenitor cell populations and final stages of erythroid maturation.
Regulation of Dental Enamel Shape and Hardness

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions guide tooth development through its early stages and establish the morphology of the dentin surface upon which enamel will be deposited. Starting with the onset of amelogenesis beneath the future cusp tips, the shape of the enamel layer covering the crown is determined by five growth parameters: the (1) appositional growth rate, (2) duration of appositional growth (at the cusp tip), (3) ameloblast extension rate, (4) duration of ameloblast extension, and (5) spreading rate of appositional termination. Appositional growth occurs at a mineralization front along the ameloblast distal membrane in which amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) ribbons form and lengthen. The ACP ribbons convert into hydroxyapatite crystallites as the ribbons elongate. Appositional growth involves a secretory cycle that is reflected in a series of incremental lines. A potentially important function of enamel proteins is to ensure alignment of successive mineral increments on the tips of enamel ribbons deposited in the previous cycle, causing the crystallites to lengthen with each cycle. Enamel hardens in a maturation process that involves mineral deposition onto the sides of existing crystallites until they interlock with adjacent crystallites. Neutralization of acidity generated by hydroxyapatite formation is a key part of the mechanism. Here we review the growth parameters that determine the shape of the enamel crown as well as the mechanisms of enamel appositional growth and maturation.
Peer review, bibliometrics and altmetrics ‐ Do we need them all?

This panel will present views and critical reflections on peer review, bibliometrics and altmetrics against the background of the latest developments and critique of the scientific system (e.g., replication crisis, DORA, open science, data manipulation). Peer review is the oldest form of monitoring the scientific process and research outcomes and is sometimes considered as the gold standard for evaluating quality. However, it also has its drawbacks; therefore, new forms of peer review are being explored. Bibliometrics, comparative statistics based on publication and citation counts, was introduced as a more objective evaluation method, which is applicable on meso and macro levels of research producing units but is not without problems either. Citation counts as a proxy of quality; the impact factor and the h‐index are some of the most controversial subjects of research evaluation today. The newest addition to the evaluation toolbox are altmetrics, impact measures based mainly on social media activity. Altmetrics have pros and cons as well. None of the measuring devices is perfect, and rather than replacing they complement each other. By drawing on indicators from all three aspects of research evaluation, negative and adverse effects are limited.
Gender, power, and population change.

This report describes fertility and mortality trends in developing countries and discusses how gender is defined and measured in some countries. The discussion relies on case studies and country statistics to reveal how gender shapes the lives of all people in all societies. Gender is defined as the different roles women and men play in society. Gender is manifested in institutional structures, power relations, and culturally determined behavior. In no society do women and men share equal roles. The effects of inequality for women are manifested differently between countries. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo established the goal of gender equality. Educational enrollment and illiteracy are two measures of gender inequality that affect opportunities in society for advancement, power, and status. Girls are less likely to be enrolled in school than boys and more likely to have higher absenteeism rates. In China, absenteeism of girls is actually increasing under reforms. Marriage practices may devalue the investment in girls' education. Women experience different working conditions: they work longer hours, are paid less or not at all, and hold lower-status jobs. The exceptions are found in the Philippines and Brazil, where women hold more professional jobs than men. Women carry multiple responsibilities that consume time and prevent greater involvement in public life. Dowry and brideprice can constrain family relations. Women generally have fewer inheritance rights. Few women hold high-level public office positions or parliamentary seats. The extent to which gender inequality is reflected in demographic processes depends upon the gap in power in education, employment, and income. The relationship between gender and demographic processes is a central topic currently being researched.