Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory properties of narrow-band blue light.

BACKGROUND Narrow-band blue light (420 nm) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. It works by exhibiting a phototoxic effect on the heme metabolism of Propionibacterium acnes. Previous studies using blue light showed more improvement in inflammatory lesions than in comedones, as well as some improvement on the untreated side. Cytokines have demonstrated a critical role in the development of inflammation. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1alpha have been shown to result in the expression of vascular and dermal adhesion molecules, the chemoattraction of inflammatory cells, and the stimulation of other inflammatory mediators. In addition, UVB radiation serves as a potent modulator of cell-mediated immune responses. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of narrow-band blue light on the inflammatory process in the presence and absence of cytokines and UVB using IL-1alpha and ICAM-1 as markers for inflammation. METHODS Two immortalized keratinocyte cell lines were compared: HaCaT, produced by spontaneous immortalization of a genetically altered cell line, and hTERT, obtained by stable transfection of primary cell culture with human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Cells were treated with INF-y and TNF-alpha and exposed to UVB (312 nm at 50 mJ/cm2) and/or blue light (420 nm at 54 mJ/cm2 and 134 mJ/cm2). The expression of IL-1alpha and ICAM-1 was measured by quantitative ELISA. RESULTS The results showed that blue light and low-dose UVB treatment of HaCaT and hTERT cells resulted in inhibition of cytokine-induced production of IL-1alpha. The level of IL-1alpha decreased by 82% in HaCaT and by 75% in hTERT cells when exposed to blue light. It decreased by 95% in HaCaT and by 91% in hTERT cells when blue light was used in combination with UVB. ICAM-1 expression was similarly reduced in HaCaT, but not in hTERT cells. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that narrow-band blue light has anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes by decreasing the cytokine-induced production of IL-1alpha and ICAM-1. In addition, blue light demonstrated synergistic effects with low-dose UVB light. These results expand the properties of narrow-band blue light in modulating the inflammatory process and will facilitate testing of its phototherapeutic applications in different inflammatory skin conditions.
Word Sense Disambiguation Using Semi-Supervised Naive Bayes with Ontological Constraints Jakob

Background. Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the task of mapping an ambiguous word to its correct sense given its context. As high-quality sensetagged data is scarce and expensive to obtain, attention has shifted from fullysupervised to semi-supervised and knowledge-based approaches to WSD that rely on a lexical knowledge base such as WordNet instead of large amounts of hand-labeled data. What is currently missing is a method to effectively combine elements of semi-supervised and knowledge-based approaches into a single system. Aim. Our goal is to improve the performance of semi-supervised and knowledgebased lexical-sample WSD on a benchmark dataset by designing a system that uses both automatically acquired examples and explicitly models ontological constraints between senses in the classification stage. Data. Our training data consists of automatically acquired examples unlabeled from the ukWaC corpus, and glosses and example usages from WordNet. The system is evaluated on twelve different target lemmas from the Koeling et al. (2005) benchmark dataset. Methods. We use a semi-supervised Naive Bayes classifier that is trained on automatically acquired examples and that explicitly takes into account ontological constraints between senses at the classification stage. Results. We find that our method does not uniformly outperform state-of-theart baselines such as gloss vectors and personalized PageRank. Possible reasons are semantic drift, deficiencies in how the ontological constraints are modeled, and bad sense priors. Conclusions. Although our current system is not able to outperform stateof-the-art baselines, we believe that the error analysis provided in this paper can help guide future research in effectively combining semi-supervised and knowledge-based approaches to WSD.
Mitochondrial mass and DNA repair in breast cancer stem cells

Two recent studies by Lisanti and co-workers provide new insights into the importance of mitochondria and the cancer stem cell and its resistance to therapy. Lisanti demonstrated that WNT1/FGF3 enhances breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) expansion via a paracrine loop associated with the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis [1]. Furthermore, Lisanti showed that mitochondria are enriched within BCSC, and that mitochondrial enriched human BCSC are resistant to DNA damage [2]. These finding are consistent with the prior findings that stem cells are resistant to current therapies due to increased DNA repair capacity. The findings by Lisanti are also consistent with prior studies in which an RNAi screen identified Wnt as an inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis [3]. Importantly these studies add to the growing understanding that, in contrast with the reduction in mitochondrial mass in normal stem cells, mitochondrial protein abundance is increased in cancer stem cells.
Bloggers' Expectations of Privacy and Accountability: An Initial Survey

This article presents an initial snapshot, based on an online survey of weblog authors, of bloggers' subjective sense of privacy, and of their perceptions of liability. The findings suggest that the social norms of bloggers are emergent and self-imposed. When confronted with questions of defamation and legal liability, respondents in the survey expressed contradictions between their actions and their knowledge of how the technology works. They generally believed that they were liable for what they published online, although they were not concerned about the persistence of their entries. In general, bloggers do not feel as if they know their audiences. For the most part, blog authors have no control over who accesses their entries, and this inability to define their audiences leads them to make a number of assumptions about who their readers are.
Prevalence and consequences of sleep disorders in traumatic brain injury.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Determine prevalence and consequences of sleepiness and sleep disorders after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Prospective evaluation with polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and neuropsychological testing including Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ). SETTING Three academic medical centers with level I trauma centers, accredited sleep disorders centers, and rehabilitative medicine programs. Participants; Eighty-seven (87) adults at least 3 months post TBI. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Abnormal sleep studies were found in 40 subjects (46%), including 20 (23%) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 10 (11%) with posttraumatic hypersomnia (PTH), 5 (6%) with narcolepsy, and 6 (7%) with periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). Among all subjects, 22 (25%) were found to have objective excessive daytime sleepiness with MSLT score <10 minutes. There was no correlation between ESS score and MSLT (r = 0.10). There were no differences in age, race, sex, or education between the sleepy and non-sleepy subjects. Likewise, there were no differences in severity of injury or time after injury between sleepy and non-sleepy subjects. Sleepy subjects had a greater body mass index (BMI) than those who were not sleepy (p = 0.01). OSA was more common in obese subjects (BMI > or =30, p < 0.001). Sleepy subjects demonstrated poorer PVT scores (p < 0.05), better self-reported sleep related quality of life (FOSQ scores [p < 0.05]), and no differences in POMS. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders (46%) and of excessive daytime sleepiness (25%) in subjects with TBI. Sleepy subjects may be more impaired than comparable non-sleepy TBI subjects, yet be unaware of problems. Given the high prevalence of OSA (23%), PTH (11%), and narcolepsy (7%) in this population, there is a clinical indication for NPSG and MSLT.
ATIVIDADE OCUPACIONAL E CATARATA SENIL – OPINIÃO DE PACIENTES DE HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO

Objetivo: Identificar a situacao ocupacional e percepcoes de portadores de catarata senil sobre a relacao entre a atividade ocupacional exercida e o surgimento da doenca. Metodos: Desenvolveu-se estudo observacional transversal descritivo, por meio de questionario estruturado, aplicado por entrevista, elaborado a partir de estudo exploratorio. A amostra, prontamente acessivel, foi formada por pacientes atendidos pelo setor de catarata da clinica oftalmologica de um hospital universitario. Resultados: A amostra foi constituida por 110 sujeitos de ambos os sexos (34,5% homens; 65,5% mulheres), com idade entre 43 e 89 anos, ± 10,3 anos. A maior proporcao dos entrevistados nao exercia atividade remunerada (87,3%). Dentre as opinioes acerca das causas da catarata, destacaram-se a velhice (69,1%), o uso excessivo dos olhos (57,3%) e a exposicao ao calor nos olhos (40,9%). Quanto a opiniao sobre relacao entre atividades profissionais exercidas e catarata, 56,4% nao acreditavam que o trabalho tivesse influido, enquanto 43,6% atribuiram as atividades ocupacionais a essa afeccao ocular. Foram atribuidos as atividades profissionais: o cansaco visual (37,5%), contato com calor excessivo (12,5%) e uso de produto quimico (10,3%). Conclusoes: Evidenciou-se predominância acentuada de idosos de baixa escolaridade, nao mais exercendo atividade ocupacional e inativos no mercado de trabalho. Entre os que exerciam, prevaleceram as ocupacoes manuais especializadas, o que sugere reduzido nivel socioeconomico e baixo poder aquisitivo. Atribuiram como causas do comprometimento visual situacoes decorrentes de atividades ocupacionais, como o uso excessivo dos olhos e a exposicao ao calor, evidenciando-se conhecimentos erroneos.
Power Allocation in Wireless Network Virtualization with Buyer/Seller and Auction Game

In traditional wireless network infrastructure, multiple wireless networks with various access points (APs) would be deployed in the same area. Although this deployment can easily provide service for mobile user equipment (MUE), any AP only allows the authorized MUEs to access, and thus some wireless networks might be overloaded and others might be lightly loaded. As a result, resource allocation would be inefficient. Using wireless network virtualization, an infrastructure provider (InP) can deploy only a single physical AP in the same area. This AP, which is controlled by a network operator (NO), is shared by multiple service providers (SPs) coexisting in the same AP. In the framework of wireless network virtualization, NO is in charge of resource allocation for the whole system and SP focuses on the access, connection and resource requirement of MUEs (such as the desired transmission power in downlink). In this paper, a Game theory based Two Steps Power Allocation scheme for wireless network virtualization, called G2SPA, is proposed, which designs a Stacklberg Equilibrium price strategy based on the interactions between SP and MUE, and then performs McAfee based auction to reallocate resource. The numerous experimental simulation results show that the rightness and effectiveness of G2SPA.
Different response of astrocytes and bergmann glial cells to portacaval shunt: An immunohistochemical study in the rat cerebellum

The present study was performed in order to follow the response of rat cerebellum astroglial cells (Bergmann glial cells and astrocytes) to long‐term portacaval shunt (PCS), by means of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin immunoreactivities. Bergmann glia accumulated GFAP in response to PCS, whereas astrocytes decreased GFAP immunoreactivity when compared to control rats. The increase of GFAP occurs in cells located in the cerebellar layer where glutamate is mainly released. Since the vimentin content remained unaltered in response to PCS, when compared to control rats, it can be concluded that only the GFAP filaments are affected by PCS. Nevertheless, GFAP immunoreactivity presents regional differences in the cerebellar astroglial population, and the factors responsible for these variations are still unknown. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated with Pressure-Treated P25−TiO2 and CuSCN: Analysis of Pore Filling and IV Characteristics

Solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells have been fabricated with TiO2 as the electron conductor and CuSCN as the hole conductor. The cells show photocurrents of ≈8 mA/cm2, voltages of ∼600 mV, and energy efficiencies of ≈2% at 1 sun. The CuSCN was deposited into the pores of the nanoparticulate TiO2/dye film from dilute solution in propylsulfide. The degree of pore filling achieved is near 100% for TiO2 films <2-μm thick and falls to ≈65% for films near 6 μm. The final drying step after the CuSCN deposition is shown to be critical; drying in vacuum or argon is required for photocurrents above 2 mA/cm2. The photocurrent IVs of these cells are fit to a single diode equation and the results are discussed and compared to those for equivalent photoelectrochemical cells, and similar solid cells composed of ZnO/dye/CuSCN.
The MCM and RecQ Helicase Families: Ancient Roles in DNA Replication and Genomic Stability Lead to Distinct Roles in Human Disease

DNA helicases are currently organized into superfamilies based on their sequence structures and 3-D conformations. Within each superfamily, there are members that have further evolved for specialized functions [1]. There is conservation of RecQ proteins from bacteria to humans. Whereas bacteria have one RecQ helicase, humans have evolved at least five differ‐ ent proteins [2]. The RecQ members belong to the helicase Superfamily II, and as such have the characteristic Rec fold [1]. In this chapter, we will focus on RecQ family members WRN, BLM and RECQL4 (RecQ protein-like 4), which is also referred to in the literature as RECQ4. Eukaryotic and archaeal MCMs belong to the helicase Superfamily VI, and have the AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) fold [1, 3, 4, 5]. Both Rec and AAA+ folds are based on the ancestral ASCE (additional strand conserved E) fold or an alpha-betaalpha domain necessary for nucleoside triphosphate binding and catalysis [1, 6, 7]. A ration‐ ale for comparison of the RecQ and MCM family members relates to the importance of their activities for genomic integrity. The WRN and BLM proteins as well as other members of the RecQ family are characterized by this feature [8]. Both WRN and BLM are involved in DNA repair and a role for WRN in telomere homeostasis in humans is well established [2, 9]. MCM2-7 proteins, along with cofactors, are thought to function as the eukaryotic replicative helicase [10]. MCM8 [11, 12] and MCM9 [13, 14] are more recently discovered and their roles are less well defined. Although data point to a role for MCM8 in DNA replication, that role may be specialized in higher organisms. In human cells, MCM10 is recruited to chromoso‐
Minimizing Flight Delay

In this paper, we model the problem of finding the minimum-delay route as a shortest path problem with stochastic costs. Our solution algorithm uses Monte Carlo simulation and network optimization techniques. Of particular novelty in our approach is the air network sampling that we use in order to accurately model the cascading effect of delays on flights. Our statistical models and simulations are based on real flight data obtained from the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Inhibitor Response to HER2 G776YVMA In-frame Insertion in HER2-positive Breast Cancer

Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu or HER2) has long been recognized as an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer. The YVMA in-frame insertion at the residue G776 (G776YVMA) of HER2 kinase domain is a frequently observed mutation that can largely shift drug sensitivity in targeted therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer. Here, the molecular mechanism and biological significance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) response to HER2 G776YVMA insertion were investigated in detail. An established protocol that integrated bioinformatics modeling and kinase inhibition assay was employed to examine the structural basis, energetic property, and biological implication underlying the intermolecular interaction between HER2 kinase domain and three representative TKIs, i.e. two FDA-approved drugs lapatinib and gefitinib as well as a pan-kinase inhibitor staurosporine. It was found that the insertion mutation can moderately sensitize lapatinib, but cannot influence the inhibitory capability of staurosporine essentially, suggesting that the two inhibitors exhibit differentiated selectivity between the wild-type HER2 (HER2WT) and HER2 G776YVMA (HER2YVMA) variant. In addition, the gefitinib, which was originally developed as EGFR inhibitor, only possesses modest potency against its noncogate target HER2WT, and the insertion can further impair the potency, causing a strong resistance for the agent to HER2YVMA variant.
Dynamic interpretation of slug tests in highly permeable aquifers

Considerable progress has been made in developing a theoretical framework for modeling slug test responses in formations with high hydraulic conductivity K. However, several questions of practical significance remain unresolved. Given the rapid and often oscillatory nature of test responses, the traditional hydrostatic relationship between the water level and the transducer‐measured head in the water column may not be appropriate. A general dynamic interpretation is proposed that describes the relationship between water level response and transducer‐measured head. This theory is utilized to develop a procedure for transforming model‐generated water level responses to transducer readings. The magnitude of the difference between the actual water level position and the apparent position based on the transducer measurement is a function of the acceleration and velocity of the water column, test geometry, and depth of the transducer. The dynamic approach explains the entire slug test response, including the often‐noted discrepancy between the actual initial water level displacement and that measured by a transducer in the water column. Failure to use this approach can lead to a significant underestimation of K when the transducer is a considerable distance below the static water level. Previous investigators have noted a dependence of test responses on the magnitude of the initial water level displacement and have developed various approximate methods for analyzing such data. These methods are re‐examined and their limitations clarified. Practical field guidelines are proposed on the basis of findings of this work. The soundness of the dynamic approach is demonstrated through a comparison of K profiles from a series of multilevel slug tests with those from dipole‐flow tests performed in the same wells.
Differential interactions of the C-terminus and the cytoplasmic I–II loop of neuronal Ca2+ channels with G-protein α- and βγ-subunits

Interactions of G-protein α (Gα) and βγ subunits (Gβγ) with N- (α1B) and P/Q-type (α1A) Ca2+ channels were investigated using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Gi3α was found to inhibit both N- and P/Q-type channels by receptor agonists, whereas Gβ1γ2 was responsible for prepulse facilitation of N-type channels. L-type channels (α1C) were not regulated by Gα or Gβγ. For N-type, prepulse facilitation mediated via Gβγ was impaired when the cytoplasmic I-II loop (loop 1) was deleted or replaced with the α1C loop 1. Gα-mediated inhibitions were also impaired by substitution of the α1C loop 1, but only when the C terminus was deleted. For P/Q-type, by contrast, deletion of the C terminus alone diminished Gα-mediated inhibition. Moreover, a chimera of L-type with the α1B loop 1 gained Gβγ-dependent facilitation, whereas an L-type chimera with the N- or P/Q-type C terminus gained Gα-mediated inhibition. These findings provide evidence that loop 1 of N-type channels is a regulatory site for Gβγ and the C termini of P/Q- and N-types for Gα.
Authentication of the 31 species of toxic and potent Chinese Materia Medica by light microscopy, part 3: Two species of T/PCMM from flowers and their common adulterants

Toxic and potent Chinese Materia Medica (T/PCMM) has become a hot and sensitive topic as more and more people around the world are interested in the safety of herbal medicines. T/PCMM is irreplaceable in treating some diseases; but it can easily cause serious problems if confused with other herbal medicines. Accurate identification is essential to ensure their safe use, but up to now, the literature on the authentication of T/PCMM is scant. Thus, we are undertaking a study of 31 T/PCMM originating from plants, animals, minerals, and secreta. Our previous study established microscopic observation as a simple, fast, accurate, and convenient method for identifying and authenticating animal and seed T/PCMM. This study focused on the authentication of flower T/PCMM as a part of the whole study. The flower T/PCMM studies were derived from two species, Datura metel L. (Flos Daturae) and Rhododendron molle G. Don (Flos Rhododendri Mollis). Other species easily confused with these two were also examined and characterized. Using the microscope camera, normal light and polarized light microscopy, we determined the macroscopic and microscopic features of the flowers; in addition, the oil immersion lens was used to study the pollen grain characteristics. The results demonstrated that flower T/PCMM can be identified and authenticated using a light microscope equipped with an oil immersion lens. This same equipment can be easily used to characterize other herbal flower medicines. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.