Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Descripción epidemiológica y evaluación de los desenlaces de interés de las fracturas de platillos tibiales

Antecedentes. Las fracturas de platillos tibiales suceden con alta frecuencia en grupos especiales como el personal de la policia, por su mayor exposicion a mecanismos de trauma de alta energia y las caracteristicas anatomicas y biomecanicas propias de la extremidad proximal de la tibia, que atribuyen a este tipo de fracturas una variabilidad importante en cuanto a abordaje terapeutico y su pronostico. Materiales y metodos. Estudio tipo de serie de casos (nivel de evidencia IV), en pacientes adultos con fracturas de platillos tibiales, con atencion inicial en el Hospital Central de la Policia desde enero de 2005 hasta diciembre de 2010, con diagnostico confirmado por ortopedista y seguimiento minimo de un ano, a quienes se les aplico una ficha de recoleccion de datos, con las variables estipuladas en el estudio. Resultados. De 93 pacientes seleccionados, el 82% fueron de sexo masculino y el 91% presentaron fracturas cerradas. A quienes se les realizo fijacion interna mas externa suplementaria tuvieron mayores tiempos de consolidacion radiologica (180 dias). Las secuelas mas frecuentes fueron Artrosis (24%) y meniscopatia (21%), y las principales complicaciones fueron las infecciones en un 6,4% de los pacientes, siendo las fracturas abiertas grado III (33%) las mas afectadas. El promedio de consolidacion radiologica fue de 125 dias. Fueron manejadas quirurgicamente el 69,9% de los casos. El grupo etareo de 30 a 39 anos fue el mas comprometido. El principal mecanismo de trauma fueron los accidentes en moto (40%) y el tipo de fractura con mayor frecuencia fue la Shatzker tipo IV (28%) y las abiertas tipo Gustilo III (75%). Discusion. Las caracteristicas propias del trabajo como agente de policia, en cuanto a su rango de edad, sexo predominante y actividades de riesgo como desplazamiento en moto, porte y utilizacion de armas de fuego, asi como las actividades de riesgo propias de su trabajo, determinan mecanismos de trauma de moderada y alta energia predominantes en este tipo de fracturas, y en esto radica que la mayor parte de fracturas fueron tipo Shatzker IV. Conclusion. Se relacionaron mayores porcentajes de infeccion, complicaciones, secuelas y necesidad de manejo quirurgico, con el grado de severidad de la fractura y compromiso de tejidos blandos, asi como un mayor tiempo de consolidacion
ABangle: characterising the VH-VL orientation in antibodies.

The binding site of an antibody is formed between the two variable domains, VH and VL, of its antigen binding fragment (Fab). Understanding how VH and VL orientate with respect to one another is important both for studying the mechanisms of antigen specificity and affinity and improving antibody modelling, docking and engineering. Different VH-VL orientations are commonly described using relative measures such as root-mean-square deviation. Recently, the orientation has also been characterised using the absolute measure of a VH-VL packing angle. However, a single angle cannot fully describe all modes of orientation. Here, we present a method which fully characterises VH-VL orientation in a consistent and absolute sense using five angles (HL, HC1, LC1, HC2 and LC2) and a distance (dc). Additionally, we provide a computational tool, ABangle, to allow the VH-VL orientation for any antibody to be automatically calculated and compared with all other known structures. We compare previous studies and show how the modes of orientation being identified relate to movements of different angles. Thus, we are able to explain why different studies identify different structural clusters and different residues as important. Given this result, we then identify those positions and their residue identities which influence each of the angular measures of orientation. Finally, by analysing VH-VL orientation in bound and unbound forms, we find that antibodies specific for protein antigens are significantly more flexible in their unbound form than antibodies specific for hapten antigens. ABangle is freely available at http://opig.stats. ox.ac. uk/webapps/abangle.
Die medikamentöse Beeinflussung der Innenohrfunktion in einem neuen Lärmschädigungsmodell

Zur Uberprufung der Therapiewirksamkeit von Medikamenten, die die Innenohrfunktion beeinflussen sollen, wuΓde ein Tiermodell entwickelt, in dem durch repetitive Larmschadigung eine reversible Horstorung hervorgerufen wird. Meerschweinchen wurden zweimal uber 24 h mit 100 dB(A) beschallt. Diese Larmbelastung fuhrt zu einer temporaren Schwellenabwanderung um etwa 40–50 dB. In der nach jeder Beschallung folgenden 24stundigen Larmpause zeigte sich elektrophysiologisch eine spontane Erholung der Schwellenabwanderung auf Normalwerte. Nach der zweiten Beschallung verlief die Spontanerholung jedoch signifikant langsamer. Diese Horerholung wurde sowohl ohne Gabe von Medikamenten (Kontrolle), als nach Gabe von Dextran, Pentoxifyllin und Kortison gemessen. Die Gruppen (je 5 Tiere), die mit Pentoxifyllin oder Dextran behandelt wurden, zeigten keinen signifikanten Unterschied zur unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe, wahrend in den Gruppen mit Kortisongabe und einer Kombination aus alien drei Medikamenten die Erholung im zweiten Erholungszeitraum signifikant schneller verlief. Die moderate Larmschadigung stellt im Vergleich zu den durch Hypoxie, ototoxische Substanzen oder Kryoschadigung verursachten tierexperimentellen Innenohrfunktionsstorungen eine «physiologischere» Variante dar. Die bei repetitiver Anwendung erreichte langsamere Schwellenerholung bietet die Moglichkeit, angeblich die Innenohrfunktion verbessernde Medikamente in ihrer Wirksamkeit zu uberprufen.
Pertussis Toxin-sensitive Signaling of Melanocortin-4 Receptors in Hypothalamic GT1-7 Cells Defines Agouti-related Protein as a Biased Agonist*

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)-induced anorexigenic signaling in the hypothalamus controls body weight and energy homeostasis. So far, MC4R-induced signaling has been exclusively attributed to its coupling to Gs proteins. In line with this monogamous G protein coupling profile, most MC4R mutants isolated from obese individuals showed a reduced ability to activate Gs. However, some mutants displayed enhanced Gs coupling, suggesting that signaling pathways independent of Gs may be involved in MC4R-mediated anorexigenic signaling. Here we report that the Gs signaling-deficient MC4R-D90N mutant activates G proteins in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner, indicating that this mutant is able to selectively interact with Gi/o proteins. Analyzing a hypothalamic cell line (GT1-7 cells), we observed activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins by the wild-type MC4R as well, reflecting multiple coupling of the MC4R to Gs and Gi/o proteins in an endogenous cell system. Surprisingly, the agouti-related protein, which has been classified as a MC4R antagonist, selectively activates Gi/o signaling in GT1-7 cells. Thus, the agouti-related protein antagonizes melanocortin-dependent Gs activation not only by competitive antagonism but additionally by initiating Gi/o protein-induced signaling as a biased agonist.
Iron overload and iron chelation therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome treated by allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation: Report from the working conference on iron chelation of the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo

Many myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients have a long history of transfusion before eventually undergoing transplantation and therefore are at high risk of developing parenchymal iron overload. Recently, retrospective studies suggested that iron overload has some prognostic impact in MDS patients treated by allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT) as previously observed in thalassemia. However, the optimal strategy to assess iron overload and to reduce iron burden during and after transplant procedure remains to be determined. The Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo (GITMO) promoted a consensus process aimed at providing clinical practice recommendations that can support the appropriate choice for iron overload assessment and for iron chelation therapy in MDS patients undergoing allo-SCT. A systematic review of the published literature (1990–2010) was performed. An Expert Panel was selected according to the framework elements of the NIH Consensus Development Program, comprising 10 physicians with different areas of expertise (iron metabolism, SCT, and MDS patient management/treatment). Based on the available scientific evidence and consensus among experts, clinical recommendations were formulated on appropriate assessment of iron body stores, selection of candidates to iron chelation therapy before and after allo-SCT, and treatment modalities.
Temperate and tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural CO2 gradients

Predicting the impacts of ocean acidification on coastal ecosystems requires an understanding of the effects on macroalgae and their grazers, as these underpin the ecology of rocky shores. Whilst calcified coralline algae (Rhodophyta) appear to be especially vulnerable to ocean acidification, there is a lack of information concerning calcified brown algae (Phaeophyta), which are not obligate calcifiers but are still important producers of calcium carbonate and organic matter in shallow coastal waters. Here, we compare ecological shifts in subtidal rocky shore systems along CO2 gradients created by volcanic seeps in the Mediterranean and Papua New Guinea, focussing on abundant macroalgae and grazing sea urchins. In both the temperate and tropical systems the abundances of grazing sea urchins declined dramatically along CO2 gradients. Temperate and tropical species of the calcifying macroalgal genus Padina (Dictyoaceae, Phaeophyta) showed reductions in CaCO3 content with CO2 enrichment. In contrast to other studies of calcified macroalgae, however, we observed an increase in the abundance of Padina spp. in acidified conditions. Reduced sea urchin grazing pressure and significant increases in photosynthetic rates may explain the unexpected success of decalcified Padina spp. at elevated levels of CO2. This is the first study to provide a comparison of ecological changes along CO2 gradients between temperate and tropical rocky shores. The similarities we found in the responses of Padina spp. and sea urchin abundance at several vent systems increases confidence in predictions of the ecological impacts of ocean acidification over a large geographical range.
Dual Activities of Odorants on Olfactory and Nuclear Hormone Receptors *

We have screened an odorant compound library and discovered molecules acting as chemical signals that specifically activate both G-protein-coupled olfactory receptors (ORs) on the cell surface of olfactory sensory neurons and the human nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) involved in transcriptional regulation of cellular differentiation and proliferation in a wide variety of tissues. Hence, these apparent dual active odorants induce distinct signal transduction pathways at different subcellular localizations, which affect both neuronal signaling, resulting in odor perception, and the ER-dependent transcriptional control of specific genes. We demonstrate these effects using fluorescence-based in vitro and cellular assays. Among these odorants, we have identified synthetic sandalwood compounds, an important class of molecules used in the fragrance industry. For one estrogenic odorant we have also identified the cognate OR. This prompted us to compare basic molecular recognition principles of odorants on the two structurally and apparent functionally non-related receptors using computational modeling in combination with functional assays. Faced with the increasing evidence that ORsmay perform chemosensory functions in a number of tissues outside of the nasal olfactory epithelium, the unraveling of these molecular ligand-receptor interaction principles is of critical importance. In addition the evidence that certain olfactory sensory neurons naturally co-express ORs and ERs may provide a direct functional link between the olfactory and hormonal systems in humans.Our results are therefore useful for defining the structural and functional characteristics of ER-specific odorants and the role of odorantmolecules in cellular processes other than olfaction.
Vitamin D insufficiency in myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes: Clinical correlates and prognostic studies

Vitamin D insufficiency is commonly observed in the general population; observational studies have suggested an association with increased risk of cancer development. We examined the clinical and prognostic relevance of low plasma levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). A total of 409 patients were studied: 247 (60%) with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), 74 (18%) with de novo MDS, 63 (15%) with polycythemia vera (PV), and 25 (6%) with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Plasma 25(OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry; a level lower than 25 ng/mL indicated vitamin D insufficiency and a level lower than 10 ng/mL indicated severe deficiency. The proportion of patients with 25(OH)D insufficiency was significantly greater in PMF (48%) and PV (43%) when compared with ET (28%) and MDS (28%) (P = 0.01). Severe 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly more frequent in ET (12%) and PMF (9%), compared with PV (3%) and MDS (1%) (P = 0.05). There were no significant correlations between 25(OH)D insufficiency, or severe deficiency, and a variety of clinical or laboratory variables in PMF, MDS, or PV. Furthermore, Vitamin D insufficiency did not influence either overall or leukemia‐free survival in PMF, MDS, or PV (P > 0.05). We conclude that while hypovitaminosis D is relatively common in MPN and MDS, its clinical relevance for prognosis is limited. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intensive short‐term chemotherapy regimen induces high remission rate (over 90%) and event‐free survival both in children and adult patients with advanced sporadic Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia

The optimal treatment of advanced sporadic Burkitt lymphoma in adults is still a matter of debate. The salutary results of pediatric therapies did open the road for improving the adult outcome. Between May 1988 and March 2009, 71 consecutive patients—46 adults, 25 children—affected by Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia were treated with the same intensive pediatric protocol alternating vincristine, adriamycine and fractionated ciclophosphamide (phase A) with high dose methotrexate and high dose cytarabine (phase B) in four Italian institutions. Eighty‐nine per cent of patients were in Stage III–IV or had L3 leukemia. Complete remissions were 67/71 (94.4%), 24/25 (96%) in children, and 43/46 (93.5%) in adults. Toxic deaths were 3/71 (4.2%), all in adults. There were nine relapses (one in children, eight in adults), all but one observed early. After a median observation of 94 months (range 23–275), the Event–Free Survival rate is 92% in children and 71.7% in adults (P = 0.067). The 23 more recent adults received also rituximab, without differences in outcome as compared to patients who did not. Our experience confirms that such an intensive pediatric‐derived chemotherapy is feasible and improves the long‐term outcome of adults with advanced Burkitt lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. , 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of prenatal diagnosis on the incidence of haemophilia in Sweden

Summary A demographic survey was made of all children (n= 137) born with severe or moderate haemophilia in Sweden during the period 1970‐92. Bn addition, all prenatal diagnoses (n= 86) performing during the period were evaluated. The annual incidence of severe and moderate haemophilia, having remained constant for decades, increased from 0.78/10,000 males in the 1970s to 1.34 in the 1980s, levelling off at 1.31 in the 1990s. Although prenatal diagnosis did not affect the incidence of haemophilia in the 1970s and 1980s, it did so in the 1990s, because the incidence would have been 40% higher (1.83) had not prental diagnosis been available and 16 affected fetuses been aborted. The average proportion of sporadic cases, 62%, remained almost unchanged during the study period, suggesting mutation rates to be constant. There were fewere children in families with known haemophilia than in sporadic families, but no evidence was found to suggest that the frequency of female offspring (i.e. potential carriers) born in haemophilia families had increased since the option of prenatal diagnosis was introduced.
Resolvin E1 Receptor Activation Signals Phosphorylation and Phagocytosis*

Resolvins are endogenous lipid mediators that actively regulate the resolution of acute inflammation. Resolvin E1 (RvE1; (5S,12R,18R)-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid that regulates leukocyte migration and enhances macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils to resolve inflammation. In the inflammatory milieu, RvE1 mediates counter-regulatory actions initiated via specific G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we have identified RvE1-specific signaling pathways initiated by the RvE1 receptor ChemR23. RvE1 stimulated phosphorylation of Akt that was both ligand- and receptor-dependent. RvE1 regulated Akt phosphorylation in a time (0–15 min)- and dose-dependent (0.01–100 nm) manner in human ChemR23-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. RvE1 stimulated phosphorylation of both Akt and a 30-kDa protein, a downstream target of Akt, identified using a phospho-Akt substrate antibody. The 30-kDa protein was identified as ribosomal protein S6, a translational regulator, and its phosphorylation was inhibited by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin) and an ERK inhibitor (PD98059) but not by a p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB203580). Ribosomal protein S6 is a downstream target of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as well as the Raf/ERK pathway. In ChemR23-expressing differentiated HL60 cells, RvE1 also stimulated the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. In addition, RvE1 enhanced phagocytosis of zymosan A by human macrophages, which are inhibited by PD98059 and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor). These results indicate that RvE1 initiates direct activation of ChemR23 and signals receptor-dependent phosphorylation. These phosphorylation-signaling pathways identified for RvE1 receptor-ligand interactions underscore the importance of endogenous pro-resolving agonists in resolving acute inflammation.
Ischémie cérébrale et interactions leucocyte-endothélium : modulation pharmacologique par les récepteurs nucléaires PPAR-alpha

A la phase aigue des accidents vasculaires cerebraux, les strategies therapeutiques reposent sur l'utilisation d'agents fibrinolytiques dont l'utilisation est limitee par une fenetre therapeutique etroite en raison du risque d'hemorragies intra-cerebrales lie a des alterations vasculaires et parenchymateuses. Cette approche fibrinolytique necessiterait d'etre completee par une double protection de la paroi vasculaire et du parenchyme cerebral. Au sein de l'unite neurovasculaire, les leucocytes, et particulierement les polynucleaires neutrophiles, jouent un role important dans l'inflammation, tant vasculaire que parenchymateuse qui conduit aux lesions cerebrales. Ce travail a pour objectif de determiner si dans un modele d'ischemie cerebrale la modulation des interactions leucocytes-endothelium pourrait representer une cible pertinente : (i) pour diminuer les consequences lesionnelles de l'ischemie ; (ii) limiter le risque de complications hemorragiques de la thrombolyse. Ceci s'est fait par une double approche pharmacologique : (i) une modulation directe des polynucleaires neutrophiles ; (ii) une modulation des interactions par l'activation des recepteurs nucleaires PPAR-alpha. Dans un premier temps, nos resultats suggerent une contribution importante des leucocytes dans les alterations vasculaires post-ischemiques ainsi que dans la survenue des complications hemorragiques induites par la fibrinolyse. Dans la deuxieme partie de notre travail, l'activation des recepteurs nucleaires PPAR-alpha previent les alterations endotheliales vasculaires post-ischemiques parallelement a un effet neuroprotecteur. Ces effets etaient associes a une diminution des complications hemorragiques et du recrutement leucocytaire au sein du foyer ischemique. En conclusion, la protection neurovasculaire apres une ischemie cerebrale suivie ou non d'une fibrinolyse apparait comme une cible interessante susceptible de prevenir la maturation de l'ischemie cerebrale et les complications hemorragiques. Les recepteurs nucleaires PPAR-alpha representent experimentalement une strategie therapeutique potentielle de protection de la paroi vasculaire et du tissu cerebral en modulant les interactions leucocytes-endothelium
Predicting the risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic disease with a 30% ten‐year recurrence rate. The highest incidence of recurrence is in the first 6 months. Active cancer significantly increases the hazard of early recurrence, and the proportions of time on standard heparin with an APTT ≥ 0.2 anti‐Xa U/mL, and on warfarin with an INR ≥ 2.0, significantly reduce the hazard. The acute treatment duration does not affect recurrence risk after treatment is stopped. Independent predictors of late recurrence include increasing patient age and body mass index, leg paresis, active cancer and other persistent VTE risk factors, idiopathic VTE, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, antithrombin, protein C or protein S deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and a persistently increased plasma fibrin D‐dimer. A recommendation for secondary prophylaxis should be individualized based on the risk for recurrent VTE (especially fatal pulmonary embolism) and bleeding. The appropriateness of secondary prophylaxis should be continuously reevaluated, and the prophylaxis stopped if the benefit no longer exceeds the risk. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Korelasi kolesterol-hdl dengan imt pada penderita penyakit jantung koroner di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is still the leading cause of death in the world. So, it is needed to modify risk factor for CHD as preventive measure. Two of fundamental risk factors are blood lipid and body mass index. The aims of this research is to know the relation between HDL-cholesterol and Body Mass Index (BMI) in CHD’s patients. This research is analytic observational with cross-sectional method and held in RSUD Moewardi Surakarta. The research subjects are patients who have general check-up at cardiology lab in RSUD Moewardi which fulfill the inclusion criteria. Result of Pearson’s Test showing a negative (r=-0,0395) and significant (p=0,031) correlation between those two variables. This research concludes that BMI as one of risk factor of CHD is significantly influence changes HDL-cholesterol with negative correlation. Key Word : HDL-cholesterol - Body Mass Index (BMI) - Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Efficacy of a One-Session Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment for Fear of Flying

The authors examined the efficacy of a 1-session virtual reality (VR) exposure treatment and sought to determine whether VR exposure is the active treatment component. Forty-five patients with fear of flying were randomly assigned to (a) cognitive treatment plus VR exposure with motion simulation, (b) cognitive treatment plus VR exposure without motion simulation, or (c) cognitive treatment alone. Fear of flying was assessed before, immediately after, and 6 months after treatment. Posttreatment and 6-month follow-up assessments revealed reduced fear of flying only in the VR exposure groups. VR exposure with or without motion simulation yielded comparable treatment outcomes. Dismantling of treatment components indicated that exposure to visual and acoustic stimuli is the main active component of VR exposure therapy. Motion simulation as part of VR exposure does not seem to further enhance treatment effects.