Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ligand and halide binding properties of chloroperoxidase: peroxidase-type active site heme environment with cytochrome P-450 type endogenous axial ligand and spectroscopic properties.

Equilibrium binding studies of exogenous ligands and halides to the active site heme iron of chloroperoxidase have been carried out from pH 2 to 7. Over twenty ligands have been studied including C, N, O, P, and S donors and the four halides. As judged from changes in the optical absorption spectra, direct binding of the ligands to the heme iron of ferric or ferrous chloroperoxidase occurs in all cases; this has been ascertained for the ferric enzyme in several cases through competition experiments with cyanide. All of the ligands except for the halides, nitrate, and acetate form exclusively low-spin complexes in analogy to results obtained with the spectroscopically related protein, cytochrome P-450-CAM [Sono, M. , & Dawson, J.H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5496-5502]. The titration results show that, for the ferric enzyme, (i) weakly acidic ligands (pKa greater than 3) bind to the enzyme in their neutral (protonated) form, followed by deprotonation upon ligation to the heme iron. In contrast, (ii) strongly acidic ligands (pKa less than 0) including SCN-, NO3-, and the halides except for F- likely bind in their anionic (deprotonated) form to the acid form of the enzyme: a single ionizable group on the protein with a pKa less than 2 is involved in this binding. For the ferrous enzyme, (iii) a single ionizable group with the pKa value of 5.5 affects ligand binding. These results reveal that chloroperoxidase, in spite of the previously established close spectroscopic and heme iron coordination structure similarities to the P-450 enzymes, clearly belongs to the hydroperoxidases in terms of its ligand binding properties and active site heme environment. Magnetic circular dichroism studies indicate that the alkaline form (pH 9.5) of ferric chloroperoxidase has an RS-ferric heme-N donor ligand coordination structure with the N donor likely derived from histidine imidazole.
Modeling the impact of energy efficiency in the electricity consumption of the Brazilian tertiary sector

Studies of the impact of energy efficiency on the electricity consumption of the Brazilian tertiary sector are still few. Recent official studies extrapolate energy conservation figures to provide estimations. In this work, a techno-economic bottom-up model is applied to simulate long-term electricity consumption of the Brazilian tertiary sector under four energy efficiency scenarios. The approach considers drivers of the tertiary consumption and diffusion of energy services in the modeling. The concept of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) is used to model individual options that improve energy services. The model is validated considering observed tertiary consumption by region. Considering the proposed EEMs, the results show that lighting plays an important role on energy saving when EEMs diffuse autonomously. Considering cost-effectiveness, ventilation & air-conditioning contributes most to energy savings. This work shows that, despite data unavailability, it is possible to build a consistent model for Brazilian tertiary sector by adjusting model parameters.
Histochemical and fine structural aspects of the onset of denervation supersensitivity in the nictitating membrane of the spinal cat.

The reduction in endogenous stores of norepinephrine after denervation of the cat nictitating membrane (Smith et al. , J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 151: 87-94, 1966) was observed, in the present study, to have morphologic correlates in a diminution of catecholamine fluorescence, as determined microfluorometrically, and a reduction in the proportion of granular vesicles in electron micrographs of adrenergic nerve endings. The progression of fine structural changes during the process of degeneration of the nerve endings was described. The number of intact nerve endings remaining on electron-microscopic examination correlated well with the previously described (Smith et al. , 1966) decrease in ability to retain exogenous H3- norepinephrine. Further evidence is thus presented for the hypothesis that the degeneration contraction of cat nictitating membrane is due to leakage of endogenous transmitter from degenerating nerve endings. Furthermore, morphologic support is provided for the explanation of denervation supersensitivity on the basis of inability of denervated tissue to retain exogenous norepinephrine. An observed lack of linear relationship between catecholamine fluorescence of nerve endings and endogenous norepinephrine content may be due to unequal sensitivity of the catecholarnine histochemical method to intra- and extravesicular norepinephrine.
Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and local innovative capacity

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of various channels of technology spillovers on local innovative capacity at national and firm level. At national level, the thesis investigates the drivers of Malaysia‟s innovative capacity and the effect of international external sources on innovative capacity. At firm level, this thesis examines the impact of FDI on the innovation progress and studies whether multinational corporations (MNCs) can act as catalysts to stimulate local firms‟ innovation activities in Malaysia. Via a case study analysis at firm level, this thesis focuses on knowledge transfer through backward linkages established between MNCs and their local suppliers. Time series data analysis is conducted to provide empirical evidence of the effect of FDI spillovers on Malaysia‟s innovative capacity at national level. Additionally, a case-study approach is adopted to investigate the impact of vertical FDI spillovers on the innovation performance of local Malaysian firms. The key findings of the study reveal that export-related spillovers are positively associated with Malaysia‟s innovative capacity, whereas importrelated spillovers play a minor role in local innovation. The findings also indicate that there is no significant correlation between economic development and local innovation, which suggests that strong economic growth is not a necessary condition in order for Malaysia to enhance its local innovative capacity. The results suggest that there is strong evidence of the importance of foreign innovation activities to local innovative capacity at national level. In contrast, knowledge spillovers measured by FDI inflows have no significant impact on local innovative capacity. The results showed that FDI might be constrained by the fact that spillovers are more likely to take place through vertical relationships than horizontal relationships. At firm level, the study suggests that knowledge and technology can be diffused through high-quality and standard requirements imposed by MNCs, the assessment and feedback and training programmes offered by MNCs to local suppliers, as well as the production process itself. These results extend ii the existing literature on national innovative capacity and validate earlier theoretical and empirical research on vertical spillovers. The findings from the thesis also have important policy and managerial implications with regard to the impact of FDI on host developing countries.
Development and adaptive fuzzy control of a walking robotic exoskeleton for passive body weigh support

This paper describes a novel development of a lower limber exoskeleton for physical assistance. The developed exoskeleton is a motorized leg device having a total of 6 DOFs with hip, knee and ankle actuated in the sagittal plane. The exoskeleton applies forces and learns the impedance parameters of both robot and human. An adaptive control scheme by incorporated fuzzy control approaches into exoskeleton system is developed to help the leg movement on a desired periodic trajectory and handle periodic uncertainties with known periods. The proposed control approach does not require a muscle model and can be proven to yield asymptotic stability for a nonlinear muscle model and an exoskeleton model in the presence of bounded nonlinear disturbances. The performance of the controller is demonstrated through closed-loop experiments on human subjects.
Determinants of Traffic Fatalities in the U.S.

This paper investigates the determinants of motor vehicle fatalities in each of the 50 states in the U.S., along with the District of Columbia. Using a panel data set from 1994 to 2005, we analyze how the factors, such as safety belt laws, speed control, alcohol usage, fine, driving conditions and annual vehicle-miles of travel (VMT), affect the incidence of traffic fatalities. Econometric models are developed and the estimates are obtained from a general-to-specific specification search based upon all the diagnostic tests in order to increase the probability of selecting models which are statistically reliable. The empirical results show that number of drivers and vehicles, VMT, speed, and fine are statistically significant, whereas safety belt usage and state alcohol policies do not show any significant support for reducing traffic fatalities.
A Reagent Resource to Identify Proteins and Peptides of Interest for the Cancer Community

On the basis of discussions with representatives from all sectors of the cancer research community, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the immense opportunities to apply proteomics technologies to further cancer research. Validated and well characterized affinity capture reagents (e.g. antibodies, aptamers, and affibodies) will play a key role in proteomics research platforms for the prevention, early detection, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. To discuss ways to develop new resources and optimize current opportunities in this area, the NCI convened the “Proteomic Technologies Reagents Resource Workshop” in Chicago, IL on December 12–13, 2005. The workshop brought together leading scientists in proteomics research to discuss model systems for evaluating and delivering resources for reagents to support MS and affinity capture platforms. Speakers discussed issues and identified action items related to an overall vision for and proposed models for a shared proteomics reagents resource, applications of affinity capture methods in cancer research, quality control and validation of affinity capture reagents, considerations for target selection, and construction of a reagents database. The meeting also featured presentations and discussion from leading private sector investigators on state-of-the-art technologies and capabilities to meet the user community’s needs. This workshop was developed as a component of the NCI’s Clinical Proteomics Technologies Initiative for Cancer, a coordinated initiative that includes the establishment of reagent resources for the scientific community. This workshop report explores various approaches to develop a framework that will most effectively fulfill the needs of the NCI and the cancer research community.
Splitting an operator: Algebraic modularity results for logics with fixpoint semantics

It is well known that, under certain conditions, it is possible to split logic programs under stable model semantics, that is, to divide such a program into a number of different “levels”, such that the models of the entire program can be constructed by incrementally constructing models for each level. Similar results exist for other nonmonotonic formalisms, such as auto-epistemic logic and default logic. In this work, we present a general, algebraic splitting theory for logics with a fixpoint semantics. Together with the framework of approximation theory, a general fixpoint theory for arbitrary operators, this gives us a uniform and powerful way of deriving splitting results for each logic with a fixpoint semantics. We demonstrate the usefulness of these results, by generalizing existing results for logic programming, auto-epistemic logic and default logic.
Nedskrivningsprövning av goodwill

Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to describe and investigate how five public groups with significant goodwill have accounted their goodwill impairment testing in accordance with IAS 36 standard during the time period of 2005 - 2013. Methodology: The thesis is shaped as a case study with a qualitative approach. The collection of data consists solely of secondary data collected through annual reports. The thesis does not use any interview methodology motivated by the fact that the authors deem the annual reports as sufficient for the thesis to fulfill its purpose. The selection process consisted of picking the five groups on the Nasdaq OMX Stockholm Large Cap who for the year 2013 presented the highest ratio of goodwill to total assets. Theoretical perspectives: The theoretical perspectives used in the thesis consists of the accounting standards issued by IASB, used by Swedish public groups in their consolidated financial statements. Further business administrative theories are utilized such as stakeholder theory, Principal Agent-theory and as an extension of this, positive accounting theory. A stock market perspective is applied to analyze the accounting methods. The companies included in this study are Assa Abloy, Getinge, Meda, Ratos and Securitas. Empirical foundation: Firstly a short introduction is made of every test subject and its background. The empirical data consists of compilation and presentation of economic data gathered from every test subject's annual report. Also text-based data concerning goodwill relevant accounting is presented from all relevant notes found in the annual reports. Conclusion: The rate of acquisitions has been high and the role of goodwill has grown during the period of 2005 - 2013. The impairment percentage has during the years, in every case, been low relative what it would have been during previous regulations. The discount rates have not shifted notably during the period despite the troughs and peaks in the economy. The principle-based accounting standards of IAS permit room for interpretation, which is negative for potential shareholders according to a stock market-perspective. The accounting of impairment testing is important to external parts in goodwill heavy companies seeing as impairment can lead to a significant effect on the bottom line. The accounting of impairment testing is often ambiguous, especially concerning the discount rates. In some cases they are presented pre tax and in some, post tax. Through its room for interpretation the IAS 36 standard therefore impacts potential shareholders negatively due to the fact that the goodwill accounting does not do enough to offset the existing information asymmetry.
Handbook on nuclear law

Membahas tentang Nuclear energy-law and legislation-Handbooks, manual, etc. 2. Radiation-safety measures-Handbooks, manual, etc. 3. Nuclear reactors-safety measures-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Liability for nuclear damages-Handbooks, manual, etc. 5. Nuclear nonproliferation-Handbooks, manuals, etc. (Jml)
Influence of User-Controlled Parameters in Alpha Particle-Induced Single-Event Error Rates in Commercial SRAM Cells

Alpha particles are a critical reliability problem for advanced technologies. The critical charge (Qcrit) required to upset an SRAM cell being small, SRAMs are extremely vulnerable to the low level of ionization produced by alpha particles. This paper reports extensive tests over a wide range of technology nodes on CMOS SRAMs to study the influence of various user-controlled parameters such as operating voltage, data pattern, operating frequency and operational-mode on alpha particle induced single-event upsets rates.
New approaches in personalized e-health: A wearable human avatar-based monitor for ubiquitous care: An avatar-based smart care monitor

Falls are a serious and growing problem in the elderly and other population with chronic pathologies. However, none falling detector has been widely accepted by socio-healthcare providers yet. This work analyzes this issue and moves forward a new paradigm that hybridizes system biology with e-health domains. We present succinctly the technology and architecture of an avatar-based movement monitor based on this paradigm, together with an advancement of the first outcomes. ROC curves show the successful performance of a new algorithm compliant with it. Conclusions point to the effectivity of this technology.
X-linked mental retardation

A survey of the mentally retarded children with an IQ between 30 and 55 born in a 10-year period (1955-64) and now of school age was carried out in New South Wales. The number of propositi who had a similarly affected sib of the same sex was ascertained; 58 boys had a similarly affected brother(s) and 22 girls had a similarly affected sister(s). It is suggested that the excess of affected brothers represents X-linked forms of mental retardation. An estimate of prevalence rate was calculated from the brother pair excess and was found to be 0·74/1000 males. The calculated incidence of X-linked forms of mental retardation appeared to account for most of the male excess found in the survey and suggests that 1 in every 5 of the mentally retarded boys in the IQ range in this survey may be retarded on the basis of genes on the X chromosome.
Supplementary Material: FoveaNet: Perspective-aware Urban Scene Parsing

We make use of a fully convolutional network (FCN) [4] as a baseline model for parsing the scene images. We follow Chen et al. [1] and use the vanilla ResNet-101 [3] to initialize the FCN model. Preserving high spatial resolution of feature maps is very important for accurately segmenting small objects. Therefore, we disable the last down-sampling layer by setting its stride as 1. This increases size of the feature maps output by res5 3b3 to 1/16 of the input image size (without this modification the size of output feature maps is only 1/32 of the input image size). The dilation factor of convolution kernels in the following residual blocks (from res5 a to 5 c) is set to 2, effectively enlarging the field-ofview (FoV) of filters therein. In order to distinguish neighboring pixels well for semantic parsing, we remove the top pooling layer in ResNet-101 considering pooling operation would unfavorably “smooth” features of neighboring pixels. We add a convolutional score layer on top of the FCN model which outputs pixel-level dense category prediction for the input image. The score layer has a convolutional kernel size of 5, and has a convolutional stride of 16 pixels. Such configuration may lead to blurred details in its up-sampled output prediction. To further enhance quality of the prediction, we follow Long et al. [4] and add skip connections between the score layer and following three bottom layers: res3 b3, pool1 and conv1. We add a 1 × 1 convolution layer on top of each of these bottom layers that produces three additional predictions. These predictions are then fused with 2×, 4× and 8× up-sampling of score layer output respectively, and give the final parsing prediction. The overall structure of our baseline FCN model is illustrated in Figure 1.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Gentamicin-Resistant Campylobacter coli Isolated from U.S. Retail Meats Reveals Novel Plasmid-Mediated Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT Aminoglycoside resistance in Campylobacter has been routinely monitored in the United States in clinical isolates since 1996 and in retail meats since 2002. Gentamicin resistance first appeared in a single human isolate of Campylobacter coli in 2000 and in a single chicken meat isolate in 2007, after which it increased rapidly to account for 11.3% of human isolates and 12.5% of retail isolates in 2010. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that gentamicin-resistant C. coli isolates from retail meat were clonal. We sequenced the genomes of two strains of this clone using a next-generation sequencing technique in order to investigate the genetic basis for the resistance. The gaps of one strain were closed using optical mapping and Sanger sequencing, and this is the first completed genome of C. coli. The two genomes are highly similar to each other. A self-transmissible plasmid carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes was revealed within both genomes, carrying genes encoding resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, streptothricin, and tetracycline. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental results showed that gentamicin resistance was due to a phosphotransferase gene, aph(2″)-Ig, not described previously. The phylogenetic relationship of this newly emerged clone to other Campylobacter spp. was determined by whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which showed that it clustered with the other poultry isolates and was separated from isolates from livestock.
An Uncertainty Enhanced Trust Evolution Strategy for e-Science

在电子科学分享的资源在安全上有批评要求。 因此主观的信任管理是必要的在如此的有希望的基础结构上保证用户得到合作和通讯。 作为主观信任的一个重要性质，无常应该在信任被保存并且展出定义，表示和进化。 基于随机的数学和模糊理论考虑存在机制的缺点，这篇论文设计无常提高的信任进化策略基于云模型理论。 我们把主观信任定义为信任云。 然后，我们建议新算法宣传，聚集并且更新信任。 基于类似的云的概念，而且，估计信任水平的一个方法被提出。 模拟结果显示出我们的建议策略的有效性，合理性和效率。
New linear variable differential transformer with square coils

A novel long stroke linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) which gives a linear analog position detecting signal is investigated. This simple-structure LVDT consists of a core, an exciting coil, and two detecting coils, and it gives good linearity. The relationships among the width of the excitation coil, the core length, the number of cores, and the position of the detection coils were investigated. When the linear range is 90% or less of the core stroke, the detection error is 0.45% or less. >
What We Know About Employer-Provided Training: A Review of Literature

While the importance of on-the-job training is recognized by everyone, it is a phenomenon that is very difficult to study. Most training is informal and hard to measure and its effects on productivity are even more difficult to quantify. An elegant theory explaining how the quantity of training is determined and who pays for and benefits from it has been available for more than a third of a century (Becker 1962). However, the absence of data on the key theoretical constructs of the theory--general training, specific training, informal training and productivity growth--means that the only predictions of the theory that have been tested relate to the effects of formal training and tenure (interpreted as a proxy for informal training) on wage growth and turnover. Until recently, definitive tests of the OJT theory were infeasible because the large number of unobservables meant that any given phenomena had many alternative explanations (Garen, 1988). New data sets with improved measures of OJT are at last becoming available and consequently there has been a good deal of progress recently in testing OJT theory. This paper provides a review of this work.
An empirical study of users' continued usage of social networking service website

On the basis of extant literature, we built a conceptual model of the relationship among Perceived Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction, Sense of Belonging and Usage, and proposed some hypotheses about the influencing factors of continued system usage in SNS. To test the hypotheses, we designed a questionnaire, and conducted a survey in Xidian University. We used SPSS13.0 to analyze the collected data. We found that continued system usage is influenced by Perceived value, Satisfaction, Sense of Belonging. Besides, Perceived Value, Satisfaction is influenced by Perceived Quality.