Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Array Multipliers for High Throughput in Xilinx FPGAs with 6-Input LUTs

Multiplication is the dominant operation for many applications implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Although most current FPGA families have embedded hard multipliers, soft multipliers using lookup tables (LUTs) in the logic fabric remain important. This paper presents a novel two-operand addition circuit (patent pending) that combines radix-4 partial-product generation with addition and shows how it can be used to implement two’s-complement array multipliers. The circuit is specific to modern Xilinx FPGAs that are based on a 6-input LUT architecture. Proposed pipelined multipliers use 42%–52% fewer LUTs, and some versions can be clocked up to 23% faster than delay-optimized LogiCORE IP multipliers. This allows 1.72–2.10-times as many multipliers to be implemented in the same logic fabric and potentially offers 1.86–2.58-times the throughput by increasing the clock frequency.
Role of the anterior insular cortex in integrative causal signaling during multisensory auditory–visual attention

Coordinated attention to information from multiple senses is fundamental to our ability to respond to salient environmental events, yet little is known about brain network mechanisms that guide integration of information from multiple senses. Here we investigate dynamic causal mechanisms underlying multisensory auditory–visual attention, focusing on a network of right‐hemisphere frontal–cingulate–parietal regions implicated in a wide range of tasks involving attention and cognitive control. Participants performed three ‘oddball’ attention tasks involving auditory, visual and multisensory auditory–visual stimuli during fMRI scanning. We found that the right anterior insula (rAI) demonstrated the most significant causal influences on all other frontal–cingulate–parietal regions, serving as a major causal control hub during multisensory attention. Crucially, we then tested two competing models of the role of the rAI in multisensory attention: an ‘integrated’ signaling model in which the rAI generates a common multisensory control signal associated with simultaneous attention to auditory and visual oddball stimuli versus a ‘segregated’ signaling model in which the rAI generates two segregated and independent signals in each sensory modality. We found strong support for the integrated, rather than the segregated, signaling model. Furthermore, the strength of the integrated control signal from the rAI was most pronounced on the dorsal anterior cingulate and posterior parietal cortices, two key nodes of saliency and central executive networks respectively. These results were preserved with the addition of a superior temporal sulcus region involved in multisensory processing. Our study provides new insights into the dynamic causal mechanisms by which the AI facilitates multisensory attention.
Paludisphaera borealis gen. nov., sp. nov., a hydrolytic planctomycete from northern wetlands, and proposal of Isosphaeraceae fam. nov.

Two isolates of aerobic, budding, pink-pigmented bacteria, designated strains PX4T and PT1, were isolated from a boreal Sphagnum peat bog and a forested tundra wetland. Cells of these strains were non-motile spheres that occurred singly or in short chains. Novel isolates were capable of growth at pH values between 3.5 and 6.5 (optimum at pH 5.0-5.5) and at temperatures between 6 and 30 °C (optimum at 15-25 °C). Most sugars and a number of polysaccharides including pectin, xylan, lichenin and Phytagel were used as growth substrates. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9 and C18 : 0; the major polar lipids were phosphocholine and trimethylornithine. The quinone was menaquinone-6, and the G+C content of the DNA was 66 mol%. Strains PX4T and PT1 were members of the order Planctomycetales and displayed 93-94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Aquisphaera giovannonii, 91-92 % to species of the genus Singulisphaera and 90-91 % to Isosphaera pallida. The two novel strains, however, differed from members of these genera by cell morphology, substrate utilization pattern and a number of physiological characteristics. Based on these data, the novel isolates should be considered as representing a novel genus and species of planctomycetes, for which the name Paludisphaera borealis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is PX4T ( = DSM 28747T = VKM B-2904T). We also suggest the establishment of a novel family, Isosphaeraceae fam. nov., to accommodate stalk-free planctomycetes with spherical cells, which can be assembled in short chains, long filaments or shapeless aggregates. This family includes the genera Isosphaera, Aquisphaera, Singulisphaera and Paludisphaera.
Some dychotomous classifications of aggression according to its function

Abstract Aggression is a multifaceted phenomenon, with different concepts under the same term. A lack of agreement in the attempts to categorize its different types explains the overabundance of classifications found in the literature, with a consequent poor conceptual clarity. Some authors use the form or mode of the aggressive act as a criterion of classification, and others prefer to focus aggression on its function, purpose, or goal. This manuscript reviews a variety of functional classifications of aggressive behavior, analyzing similarities and differences among them, in an attempt to clarify the nature of diverse types of aggression. A literature review compares various dichotomies of aggression, presenting comparisons between instrumental and hostile aggression, between proactive and reactive aggression, and between premeditative and impulsive aggression. An analysis of empirical data from some self-report instruments applied in our and in other laboratories shows high correlations between hostile, reactive and impulsive aggression, on one side, and between instrumental, proactive and premeditate aggression, on the other. This supports the convenience of unifying some measurement instruments in order to offer a more conceptual clarity and parsimony in the categorization of aggression.
Virtual layer technology for Ultra-Dense Networks

Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) with network densification are regarded as one of the key technologies to meet the requirements of ultra-high traffic volume density in 5G. However, the increase of deployment density will pose significant challenges, such as the inter-cell interference and mobility management. The virtual layer technology is promising to address these challenges. In this paper, the system design of the virtual layer technology is given. To evaluate the performance of the virtual layer technology, a field experiment is carried out and a further system-level simulation experiment based on the output of the field experiment is conducted. Both the field experiment and simulation experiment show that the virtual layer technology can achieve a significant gain in terms of both average cell spectral efficiency and cell edge spectral efficiency, while reducing the handover frequency and handover failure rate.
Watershed characteristics shape the landscape genetics of brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in shallow prairie lakes

Abstract Investigating the consequences of landscape features on population genetic patterns is increasingly important to elucidate the ecological factors governing connectivity between populations and predicting the evolutionary consequences of landscapes. Small prairie lakes in Alberta, Canada, and the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) that inhabit them, provide a unique aquatic system whereby populations are highly isolated from one another. These heterogeneous and extreme environments are prone to winterkills, an event whereby most of the fish die and frequent bottlenecks occur. In this study, we characterized the genetic population structure of brook stickleback among several lakes, finding that the species is hierarchically influenced by within‐lake characteristics in small‐scale watersheds. Landscape genetic analyses of the role of spatial features found support for basin characteristics associated with genetic diversity and bottlenecks in 20% of the sampled lakes. These results suggest that brook stickleback population genetic patterns may be driven, at least in part, by ecological processes that accelerate genetic drift and landscape patterns associated with reduced dispersal. Collectively, these results reinforce the potential importance of connectivity in the maintenance of genetic diversity, especially in fragmented landscapes.
Microwave signatures of alive B-lymphoma cells suspensions

This publication deals with the determination of the microwave dielectric signatures of tumorous B-lymphoma cells (NHL) up to 40 GHz. It is demonstrated that in-liquid microwave detection permits to warrant cells' living without deterioration of the analysis capabilities. The key role of the microwave absorption parameter for cells detection is moreover pointed out. The richness of the microwave signature combined with the non invasivity of such a technique provide to biologists new way to investigate cells, to identify tumorous vs non tumorous ones.
Sperm Competition in Fishes: The Evolution of Testis Size and Ejaculate Characteristics

Fishes show one of the widest ranges of sperm competition intensity of any animal group. Here we present a comparative study whose aim is to investigate the effect of relative intensity of sperm competition on investment in spermatogenesis and the number and size of sperm produced. We find that both the gonadosomatic index (GSI = [gonad weight/body weight] x 100) and sperm numbers increase with intensity of sperm competition across species but that sperm length decreases. These new findings are consistent with a raffle‐based mode of sperm competition in fishes. Most of these results (positive correlation of the GSI and sperm number with sperm competition intensity) concur with the predictions of current sperm competition theory. However, we also find that sperm longevity decreases with sperm length across species. Current models for continuous fertilization suggest that if length increases a sperm's speed but decreases its longevity, sperm length should increase with sperm competition intensity, whereas models for instant fertilization suggest that sperm length should remain constant. The negative relationship found between sperm competition and sperm length therefore does not fit predictions of either model.
Total body potassium and 24‐hour creatinine excretion in healthy males

Total body potassium may be predicted from height, weight, and age by TBKmmol = 30.83 Hem + 18.05 Wkg − 11 (ageYr − 20) − 3034. This equation, based on measurements of 31 men, has been compared with others in the literature. Prediction of 24‐hr creatinine (CR), excretion derived from 33 control adults whose excretion rates gave a coefficient of variation less than 13%, may be made from the equation: CRgm = 0.0143 Hem + 0.00975 Wkg − 0.00734 (ageYr −20) −1.391. For 31 chronic schizophrenics, the corresponding equation CRgm = 0.0122 Hem + 0.0145 Wkg − 1.611 contained no age correction. The relationship between CR and TBK is expressed by CRgm = 0.000403 TBKmmol + 0.278. Discussion of significance of these equations in the light of extensive literature suggests that about half of the error variance in predicting CR may be explained by the lack of suitable data on somatotype and much of the residual variance, including the day‐to‐day variation in CR, relate to factors altering basal O2 consumption. The predictors given should prove generally satisfactory for many metabolic and drug studies.
The clinical effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), on the basis of a systematic review of reported randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD A systematic literature search for relevant RCTs was carried out. The credibility of the outcome of each study was evaluated using a specially constructed instrument. RESULTS We identified 17 RCTs, of which five had not been included in previous reviews or health technology assessments. For diabetic foot ulcers (seven RCTs), there was consistent evidence of the benefit of NPWT compared with control treatments. For pressure ulcers (three RCTs), results were conflicting. In trials involving mixed wounds (five RCTs), evidence was encouraging but of inadequate quality. Significant complications were not increased. CONCLUSION There is now sufficient evidence to show that NPWT is safe, and will accelerate healing, to justify its use in the treatment of diabetes-associated chronic leg wounds. There is also evidence, though of poor quality, to suggest that healing of other wounds may also be accelerated.
Acetylcholine Synthesizing Enzymes in Frog Skeletal Muscle

Acetylcholine synthesis in homogenates of frog sartorius muscle was measured by a radiometric method with a low blank. Choline acetyltransferase activity was very low (Vmax, 2 nmol g1 h−1, Kmfor choline, approx. 50 μ, m). The enzyme was found only in the endplate area and disappeared after denervation; it was inactivated by 4‐(1‐naphthylvinyl)pyridine. At high substrate concentrations its activity was overshadowed by the acetylcholine‐synthesizing activity of a different enzyme not saturated by 10 mm‐choline. The non‐specific enzyme was present at and away from the endplate area, and it was not affected by denervation.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Flavin Mononucleotide Bound to the LOV1 Domain of Phot1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ¶

The absorption and emission behavior of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in the light‐, oxygen‐ and voltage‐sensitive (LOV) domain LOV1 of the photoreceptor Phot1 from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was studied. The results from the wild‐type (LOV1‐WT) were compared with those from a mutant in which cysteine 57 was replaced by serine (LOV1‐C57S), and with free FMN in aqueous solution. A fluorescence quantum yield of φF= 0.30 and a fluorescence lifetime of τF= 4.6 ns were determined for FMN in the mutant LOV1‐C57S, whereas these quantities are reduced to about φF= 0.17 and τF= 2.9 ns for LOV1‐WT, indicating an enhanced intersystem crossing in LOV1‐WT because of the adjacent sulfur of C57. A single‐exponential fluorescence decay was observed in picosecond laser time‐resolved fluorescence measurements for both LOV1‐WT and LOV1‐C57S as expected for excited singlet state relaxation by intersystem crossing and internal conversion. An excitation intensity dependent fluorescence signal saturation was observed in steady‐state fluorescence measurements for LOV1‐WT, which is thought to be because of the formation of a long‐lived intermediate flavin‐C(4a)–cysteinyl adduct in the triplet state (few microseconds triplet lifetime, adduct lifetime around 150 s). No photobleaching was observed for LOV1‐C57S, because no thiol group is present in the vicinity of FMN for an adduct formation.
Female waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index and sexual attractiveness in China

Men and women at Northwest University (n=751), Xi'an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photo- graphs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios (WHR). Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an 'hourglass' female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resul- tant changes in body mass index (BMI). However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments (Current Zoology 56 (2): 175-181, 2010).
A Model for Mission Dentistry in a Developing Country

Each year many dentists embark on mission trips to foreign countries. This article shares what one group learned in their journey over the course of 17 years to bring oral health to a rural community in Honduras. The group began by delivering acute dental care, but soon realized that this treatment would never change the status of oral health in the community. Year by year they learned what worked and what did not. A school-based dental prevention program was initiated using proven preventive techniques to demonstrate to the community that prevention of oral disease was possible. As of 2015, the school-based program had grown to over 10 schools and nearly 1,000 children had benefited from this program. Children in the program received all necessary treatments for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. As importantly, they and their families learned to understand how to be responsible for their own dental needs. In conclusion, it is possible to effect long-term change in a developing country by focusing on prevention of oral problems rather than focusing on the extraction hopeless teeth. The good intentions, time, and financial resources of volunteers can be put to best use by first learning about the needs and wants of a particular community. The authors recommend that volunteers partner with local health-care providers and research what other organizations are currently doing in their country of interest.
Quantum-Dot Double Layer Polymer Waveguides by Evanescent Light Coupling

In this work we analyze numerically and experimentally new active waveguides based on a bilayer structure composed by a passive polymer and an active poly(mehtyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film doped with CdSe colloidal quantum dots (QDs), namely a nancomposite. In a first bilayer structure a planar PMMA layer is deposited on top of the nanocomposite, where the signal beam intensity is enhanced because this cladding layer is able to collect radiated emission of QDs. Moreover, the pump beam is also propagating through the cladding without limitation by QD absorption. These results are extended to a second bilayer structure, where ridge patterns of a commercially available resist (SU-8) are deposited on the top of the nanocomposite active layer. These SU-8 patterns are also able to guide with low absorption losses both pump and signal beams. The optimum geometrical parameters of the bilayer structures were properly designed to optimize the light waveguiding, previous to their fabrication and optical characterization. For this purpose, a spontaneous emission model has been developed and programmed into an active beam propagation method. This technology can be the base for developing integrated photonics on silicon at visible and telecom wavelengths.
Urban expressway short-term traffic state forecasting

Traffic control and guidance is very important to intelligent transportation, which is realized by precise real time traffic state forecasting. CTM (Cell Transmission Model) can describe exactly how traffic shock wave and queue form, yet off-ramp diversion coefficients are set to be time-invariant, which is not conform to the reality that is full of random events. Therefore, CTM could not practically meet the forecast demand. To address this problem, a hybrid modeling strategy based on both CTM and traffic flow diversion coefficients forecast is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, traffic flow diversion coefficients are firstly forecasted using an advanced NN (Neural Network) with error compensation mechanism, and then CTM is used to forecast traffic state on the basis of the first step's predictions. Simulation results show that, the present model can obtain accurate predictions whose accuracy are 4.6 and 5.8 percent higher than CTM, reaching 92.6 and 93.2 percent, in terms of cell vehicle number and link traffic flow, respectively. For this reason, the present model can practically meet the forecast demand.
[Body mass index and subsequent risk of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in a population-based sample of Japanese].

OBJECTIVE To clarify relationships between BMI (body mass index) and the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia among a community-based sample. METHOD A 4.3-year follow-up study was conducted of 1,427 men and women aged 40-69 to examine the relationships between BMI (kg/m2) and the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS During the follow-up, there were 118 cases of incident hypertension diagnosed, 56 of diabetes and 136 of hypercholesterolemia. After adjusting for sex, age, cognitive physical activity, food intake, alcohol intake, smoking, and blood pressure level, blood glucose level and serum total cholesterol level at the baseline, excess risks with the BMI category of > or = 27.0 versus 21.0-22.9 were found for hypertension [relative risk (95% CI) = 1.9(1.0-3.6)] and diabetes [2.9(1.2-7.4)]. However, no excess risk was evident for the 23.0-24.9 or 25.0-26.9 categories. Multivariate relative risks (95%CI) of hypercholesterolemia compared with the BMI category of 21.0-22.9 were 1.5 (0.9-2.6) for 23.0-24.9, 1.7(0.9-3.2) for 25.0-26.9 and 1.6 (0.8-3.1) for > or = 27.0, none of which reached statistical significance. When we combined all three diseases, the relative risks (95%CI) compared with the BMI category of 21.0-22.9 were 0.9(0.6-1.5) for 23.0-24.9, 1.2(0.7-2.1) for 25.0-26.9 and 1.8 (1.0-3.3) for > or = 27.0. CONCLUSIONS Increased risks of hypertension, diabetes and lifestyle-related disease were only evident with the BMI category > or = 27.0. Education for weight reduction should be less emphasized for persons with a BMI of 25.0-26.9 than for these with a value of > or = 27.0.
The association between size of test chamber and patch test reaction: a statistical reanalysis

A recent study by Brasch and co‐workers reported on the association between size of test chamber and patch test reaction. The investigators interpreted their data on 495 patients as having conclusively shown that standard preparations of fragrance mix, wool wax alcohols, Kathon CG and formaldehyde led to more positive test reactions when large Finn Chambers were used for patch testing. We have scrutinized the statistical aspects of this study and conclude that the authors should have adopted a statistical approach suitable to analyse dependent samples. After explaining the correct methodological way of dealing with quadratic contingency tables formed by 2 dependent samples, we reanalyze the data accordingly and compare the results to those of the original paper. Based on this reanalysis, the conclusions are more complex: the reaction pattern for the fragrance mix and wool wax alcohols is significantly different between small and large test chambers; however, this discrepancy arises primarily from changing weak positive reactions with small chambers to strong positive reactions with large chambers. For formaldehyde, no relationship between chamber size and patch test reaction was found in the data, while for Kathon CG, statistical evidence is borderline that more positive test reactions are yielded by large test chambers than by small ones.