Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light acclimation potential and carry-over effects vary among three evergreen tree species with contrasting patterns of leaf emergence and maturation.

We compared light acclimation potential among three evergreen broadleaved species with contrasting patterns of shoot elongation, leaf emergence and leaf maturation. Understory saplings were transferred to a high-light environment before bud break, grown for 13 months, and then transferred back to the understory to observe subsequent carry-over effects. Acclimation potential was highest and sapling mortality was lowest for Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. ex Nakai. Indeterminate growth and successive leaf emergence allowed this species to acclimate to both high and low light by adjusting leaf production as well as leaf properties. Sapling mortality occurred after both transfers for Camellia japonica L. , which also has indeterminate growth and successive leaf emergence. In this species, carry-over effects were observed at the individual level, but leaf-level acclimation potential was high. Acclimation potential was lowest and sapling mortality occurred soon after the transfer to high light for Quercus glauca Thunb. ex Murray. Determinate growth and flush-type leaf emergence resulted in significant carry-over effects in this species. Indeterminate growth and successive leaf emergence increase whole-plant acclimation potential by extending the period of growth and architectural development during the growing season. Similarly, we inferred that delayed leaf maturation, observed in many evergreen species, increases the acclimation potential of current-year leaves by extending the period of leaf development. In evergreen species, the acclimation potential of preexisting leaves determines the role that leaf turnover plays in whole-plant light acclimation, resulting in diverse strategies for light acclimation among species, as observed in this study.
Double-membraned Liposomes Sculpted by Poliovirus 3AB Protein*

Background: Poliovirus induces formation of double-membraned vesicles as the site of viral replication in infected cells. Results: The membrane-associated protein 3AB alone produces double-membraned liposomes by invagination of purified liposomes and intracellular membranes. Conclusion: A single poliovirus protein produces membrane remodeling similar to the formation of autophagosomes. Significance: Similar cellular processes are critical for autophagy, multivesicular body formation, unconventional secretion, and viral pathogenesis. Infection with many positive-strand RNA viruses dramatically remodels cellular membranes, resulting in the accumulation of double-membraned vesicles that resemble cellular autophagosomes. In this study, a single protein encoded by poliovirus, 3AB, is shown to be sufficient to induce the formation of double-membraned liposomes via the invagination of single-membraned liposomes. Poliovirus 3AB is a 109-amino acid protein with a natively unstructured N-terminal domain. HeLa cells transduced with 3AB protein displayed intracellular membrane disruption; specifically, the formation of cytoplasmic invaginations. The ability of a single viral protein to produce structures of similar topology to cellular autophagosomes should facilitate the understanding of both cellular and viral mechanisms for membrane remodeling.
Research on Control Strategies of an Open-End Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Driving Motor (OW-PMSM)-Equipped Dual Inverter with a Switchable Winding Mode for Electric Vehicles

An open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a larger range of speed regulation than normal PMSM with the same DC voltage, and the control method is more flexible. It can also manage energy distribution between two power sources without a DC/DC converter. This paper aims at an electric vehicle equipped with OW-PMSM drive system with dual power sources and dual inverters; based on analyzing the external characteristics of each winding mode, we propose a winding mode switching strategy whose torque saturation judgmental algorithm, which is insensitive to motor’s parameters, could automatically realize upswitching of the winding mode. The proposed multi-level current hysteresis modulation algorithm could set the major power source and switch it at any time in independent mode, which accomplishes energy distribution between two power sources; its two control methods, low switching frequency method and high power difference method, could achieve different energy distribution effects. Simulation results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the winding mode switching strategy and current modulation method. They also show that an electric vehicle under the proposed control methods has better efficiency than one equipped with a traditional OW-PMSM drive system under traditional control.
Estudios de asociación genética y detección de mutaciones en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Comparación genético-clínica entre los casos esporádicos y familiares.

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se caracteriza desde el punto de vista clinico por la presencia de temblor de predominio en reposo, lentitud de movimientos (bradicinesia), rigidez en extremidades y cuello y trastorno progresivo de la marcha, constituyendo el segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo mas frecuente, despues de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. A pesar de los avances producidos en las ultimas decadas en el conocimiento de los mecanismos fisiopatologicos y en el tratamiento de la EP, la causa de la enfermedad es todavia desconocida en la inmensa mayoria de los casos, si bien se cree que determinados factores ambientales y geneticos podrian estar involucrados en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Por ese motivo, en la presente tesis doctoral se parte de las siguientes premisas: 1) Los factores geneticos juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de EP. 2) Es posible identificar rasgos clinicos diferenciadores entre los casos familiares y los casos esporadicos de EP.
Speaker Recognition Score-Normalization to Compensate for SNR and Duration

The decision criterion for automatic speaker verification tests is based on minimization of a weighted sum of the miss and false alarm probabilities. These probabilities are derived from an evaluation of claimant and impostor scores using a representative population of recorded speech samples. However, in applications such as forensic speaker verification, the signal quality and the recording conditions of the speech samples are usually unknown and generally not matched to the evaluation conditions for the defined error probabilities. For example, test samples are often of short duration, have significant noise, and are from uncertain channels. It is therefore necessary to normalize the speaker test scores or to adjust detection thresholds in accordance with the recorded signal conditions. Instead of accounting for all possibilities, evaluations were conducted for a few specific joint combinations of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and speech duration for both the training and test sets. A composite regression model was developed to predict the necessary adjustments for any measured value of these conditions. In addition, a method is discussed to interpret the normalized scores relative to a set of desired Type I and Type II error probabilities
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE IN ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA

made it difficult for him to follow serial programs on television. He said that his wife accused him of being snappy. His wife reported that his behavior had changed dramatically during the last 6 years. He behaved disgracefully, and he was shunned in the home where they lived; his memory had gone. On examination he was cooperative but a bit slow, and, except for the date, fully orientated in time. Assessment of the mental status showed failures only on memory tasks. Although the available information was strongly suggestive for dementia (DSM-111-R) his wife also mentioned that she had never been happy with him. Aggravation was suspected. Information from the team at the day center based on several months’ observations indicated that he behaved more like a volunteer than a patient in that setting. He was not demented, in their opinion, and he was kind and helpful to others. It became obvious that his personality had not altered but that his wife was tired of him. His diagnosis was then changed from Dementia to a mild Amnestic Syndrome
The influence of migraine and female hormones on capsaicin-induced dermal blood flow

Background Migraine is much more common in females than in males, and occurrence is associated with changes in female sex hormones. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in migraine, and variations in female sex hormones may affect CGRP sensitivity and/or production. Objectives Investigate repeatability, gender differences, influence of the menstrual cycle and of migraine on CGRP-dependent changes in dermal blood flow (DBF). Methods CGRP-dependent increases in DBF were assessed using laser Doppler perfusion imaging after topical application of 300 or 1000 µg capsaicin on the forearm of healthy subjects and migraine patients. Results In healthy males, DBF response did not vary over time and was comparable with DBF in male migraineurs. In healthy females, capsaicin-induced DBF responses to both doses of capsaicin were higher during menstruation compared to the late-secretory phase (p < 0.05); this menstrual cycle dependence was absent in female migraine patients. Compared to healthy subjects, female migraineurs displayed a higher DBF response both during menstruation and during the late-secretory phase (p < 0.05). Conclusions An increased capsaicin-induced, CGRP-mediated DBF response was observed during menstruation in healthy women, but in female migraine patients this increased response was not affected by the menstrual cycle.
Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and spatial and temporal patterns of GS expression in the developing chick retina: Relationship with synaptogenesis in the outer plexiform layer

The profile of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in the neural retina of chicken embryos and adults was studied alongside the in vivo spatio‐temporal patterns of generation and morphogenesis of Müller cell and of retinal synaptogenesis. The rise of GS activity during development is not related to Müller cell differentiation but to synaptogenesis in the outer plexiform layer (opl).
Performance characteristics of different modalities for diagnosis of suspected lung cancer: summary of published evidence.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the test performance characteristics of various modalities for the diagnosis of suspected lung cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A systematic search of MEDLINE, HealthStar, and Cochrane Library databases to July 2001 and print bibliographies was performed to identify studies comparing the results of sputum cytology, bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle aspirate (TTNA), or biopsy with histologic reference standard diagnoses among at least 50 patients with suspected lung cancer. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS For sputum cytology, the pooled specificity was 0.99 and the pooled sensitivity was 0.66, but sensitivity was higher for central lesions than for peripheral lesions (0.71 vs 0.49, respectively). Studies on bronchoscopic procedures provided data only on diagnostic yield (sensitivity). The diagnosis of endobronchial disease by bronchoscopy in 30 studies showed the highest sensitivity for endobronchial biopsy (0.74), followed by cytobrushing (0.59) and washing (0.48). The sensitivity for all modalities combined was 0.88. Thirty studies reported on peripheral lesions. Cytobrushing demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.52), followed by transbronchial biopsy (0.46) and BAL/washing (0.43). The overall sensitivity for all modalities was 0.69. Peripheral lesions < 2 cm or > 2 cm in diameter showed sensitivities of 0.33 and 0.62, respectively. Updating a previous meta-analysis with 19 studies revealed a pooled sensitivity of 0.90 for TTNA. A trend toward lower sensitivity was noted for lesions that were < 2 cm in diameter. The accuracy in differentiating between small cell and non-small cell cytology for the various diagnostic modalities was 0.98, with individual studies ranging from 0.94 to 1.0. The average false-positive and false-negative rates were 0.09 and 0.02, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of bronchoscopy is high for endobronchial disease and poor for peripheral lesions that are < 2 cm in diameter. The sensitivity of TTNA is excellent for malignant disease. The distinction between small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer by cytology appears to be accurate.
Perspectives de production et de commercialisation de la pomme au Maroc à l'horizon 2025

La filiere pomme au Maroc connait des changements importants ces dernieres annees, notamment avec la diffusion de la technique de l'axe vertical. L'article presente un bilan de la filiere au niveau national, les principaux facteurs d'evolution de cette filiere, et deux scenarios d'evolution a l'horizon 2025. Nous avons procede a une compilation des donnees existantes sur la filiere, a des enquetes specifiques dans la province de Sefrou, et a des entretiens aupres d'experts. Par le passe, la production, essentiellement en gobelet, etait quasiment entierement vendue sur le marche national, avec des marges toujours positives. En 2014, les superficies plantees etaient de l'ordre de 31 000 ha en gobelet et de 4000 ha en axe vertical. Les principaux facteurs d'evolution actuelle de la filiere sont l'augmentation des superficies en axe vertical, l'augmentation des couts de production et la baisse tendancielle des prix (au niveau des exploitations et des marches de gros). Un premier scenario d'evolution a l'horizon 2025 ne prevoit pas d'action publique specifique. Les productions de pomme en axe (12 000 ha en 2025 selon ce scenario) vont s'orienter avant tout vers le marche interieur. Les avantages de cette nouvelle technique vont lui permettre de continuer a etre rentable malgre l'augmentation des couts et la baisse des prix. En revanche, selon ce meme scenario les exploitations en gobelet verront leur rentabilite chuter : certaines passeront a l'axe, d'autres continueront a produire de la pomme de qualite moyenne ou mediocre a moindre cout, et d'autres enfin arracheront. Un second scenario prevoit un ensemble d'actions pour elargir les debouches, avec notamment un soutien a l'export, un developpement du marche interieur du fait de l'augmentation du stockage de la pomme, et le developpement de la transformation de pommes. Ce scenario permettrait d'assurer a des petites exploitations une meilleure rentabilite de cette production, et ce d'autant plus que leur passage a l'axe sera accompagne. (Resume d'auteur)
Molecular Detection and Identification of Bartonella Species in Xenopsylla cheopis Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Collected from Rattus norvegicus Rats in Los Angeles, California

ABSTRACT Of 200 individual Xenopsylla cheopis fleas removed from Rattus norvegicus rats trapped in downtown Los Angeles, CA, 190 (95%) were positive for the presence of Bartonella DNA. Ninety-one amplicons were sequenced: Bartonella rochalimae-like DNA was detected in 66 examined fleas, and Bartonella tribocorum-like DNA was identified in 25 fleas. The data obtained from this study demonstrate an extremely high prevalence of Bartonella DNA in rat-associated fleas.
Progress Towards Reversible Computing With nSQUID Arrays

Circuits of nSQUIDs are expected to be able to operate reversibly in both classical and quantum modes. Here we present the first circuit that is fully operational classically at up to 5 GHz clock frequencies. The circuit contains two shift registers (i.e., cells that transfer the input data to the outputs) with a common clock ring. We estimate that the dissipated power is close to the thermodynamic threshold of k B T ln 2 per switching. We also show that after a proper scaling of parameters, the nSQUID circuits should work similarly in the quantum mode. In this case, the unique advantage of nSQUID circuits is their ability to transfer the quantum data along the chip and therefore form complex multi-qubit circuits bypassing the problem of controllable keys. In the fully quantum regime, the nSQUID arrays should implement directly the scheme of universal adiabatic quantum computation.
Definitions, Obstacles, and Standards of Care for the Integration of Spiritual and Cultural Competency Within Health Care Chaplaincy

[Haworth co-indexing entry note]: “Definitions, Obstacles, and Standards of Care for the Intergration of Spiritual and Cultural Competency Within Health Care Chaplaincy. ” Cook, Stephen W. Co-published simultaneously in Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy (The Haworth Pastoral Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc.) Vol. 13, No. 2, 2004, pp. 59-69; and: Ministry in the Spiritual and Cultural Diversity of Health Care: Increasing the Competency of Chaplains (ed: Robert G. Anderson, and Mary A. Fukuyama) The Haworth Pastoral Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 2004, pp. 59-69. Single or multiple copies of this article are available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service [1-800-HAWORTH, 9:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m. (EST). E-mail address: docdelivery@haworthpress.com].
A lo que iba: evolución y uso de un marcador de regresión

Este trabajo se inscribe en la linea de aquellos que se ocupan de los mecanismos de organizacion y distribucion de la informacion en el texto y, en concreto, de los movimientos textuales que posibilitan el desarrollo tematico. De forma particular, este estudio describe el movimiento de la regresion, que consiste en retomar un tema que se habia abandonado al introducir en el texto un comentario al margen, esto es, una digresion. Asimismo, se examina la evolucion y el uso del marcador a lo que iba, en tanto que pieza linguistica regresiva. Para el fin propuesto, se han elaborado dos corpus. El primero esta constituido por un total de 2.445 estructuras regresivas formadas a partir de un verbo de movimiento, pertenecientes a textos datados entre el siglo XIV y el siglo XIX. Todos los casos manejados han sido extraidos del Corpus Diacronico del Espanol (CORDE), de la Real Academia Espanola. El segundo de los corpus esta formado por las ocurrencias de la construccion regresiva a lo que iba —y de su variante a lo que ibamos— halladas en el vaciado del CORDE, asi como del Corpus de Referencia del Espanol Actual (CREA), tambien de la Real Academia Espanola.
Influence of molecular structure on the rheology and thermorheology of metallocene polyethylenes

The rheology of linear and branched metal- locene polyethylenes (m-PEs) was investigated. The linear metallocenes were prepared by gas-phase polymerization, while the branched PEs were commercial resins. Molecular parameters such as Mw, branch type, and molecular weight distribution have influenced the viscoelastic behavior of both linear and branched PEs, whereas branch content (BC) had little influence on viscoelastic properties. Plots of log G versus log G revealed the effect of comonomer type on the viscoelastic behavior of m-PEs. Flow activation energy (E) was found to be sensitive to both Mw and BC. Also, E for ethylene-octene copolymers was observed to be always higher than the butene counterparts, which have been caused by the increase in molar volume of the repeating unit. For the effect of BC on E, different trends were ob- served for octene and butene m-LLDPEs. © 2006 Wiley Peri-
Clock Buffers, Nets, and Trees for On-Chip Communication: A Novel Network Access Technique in FPGAs

The number of IPs running concurrently on an FPGA has increased in recent years. Communication among these IPs has necessitated the introduction of the network on chip (NoC) for low-power, high-performance, and scalable on-chip networking. While NoCs are superior to traditional shared buses, there is an attendant resource overhead incurred by the NoC links, routers and network adapters. We present CELOC, a Clock-Enabled Low-Overhead Communication technique. It is a network access technique that uses the clock buffers of an FPGA as serial communication links in order to reduce the overhead contributed by the NoC links. This technique involves toggling the clock enables of clock buffers to transmit communication signals from one circuit to another. A demonstrator based on a Xilinx 7 series FPGA showed that a single link can achieve a bandwidth of 6.5 Gbps at 100 MHz.
Jogos educacionais digitais para idosos: uma revisão sistemática de literatura

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma revisao sistematica de literatura com foco em pesquisas sobre jogos digitais educacionais para idosos. As questoes de pesquisa foram tres: Quais as limitacoes cognitivas a serem consideradas no desenvolvimento de jogos digitais educacionais para idosos? Quais os temas de interesse e expectativas dos idosos com relacao a jogos digitais educacionais? E quais as contribuicoes dos jogos digitais educacionais para o processo de aprendizagem dos idosos? Os estudos selecionados foram classificados quanto a qualidade pretendida e contribuiram para responder parcialmente as questoes de pesquisa. Alem disso, o uso do metodo de revisao sistematica de literatura permitiu confirmar a carencia de publicacoes na area.
[Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in Chinese adults aged over 30 yr in Shanghai].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in adults aged over 30 yr in Shanghai, to provide data for estimating the burden of this disease and making strategies for treatment and prevention of this disorder. METHODS 9,600 subjects (aged >or= 30 yr) were derived from a random sample of the population living in six streets, four districts in Shanghai. They were asked to answer the questions from a questionnaire concerning snoring, daytime sleepiness, and habits such as smoking and drinking, etc. According to the degree of snoring, 150 moderate and severe snorers were selected to be tested by portable PSG for whole night data. The prevalence of OSAHS was conservatively estimated from the result. RESULTS 8,081 subjects (84.18%) had answered the questions, among them 6,826 (84.47%) were available for evaluation. The prevalence of ever snoring was 57.11%, moderate and severe ones 23.73%. Before the age of 70, the prevalence of snoring increased with age, and higher in males than females, particularly for moderate and severe snoring. Smoking and drinking were associated with the severity of snoring. The prevalence was higher in women post-menopause and with irregular menstruation. ESS was significantly different among snorers with various severities. When AHI >or= 5 was taken as the cut-point, the prevalence of OSAHS was 20.39%. After excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) definited as ESS >or= 9 was added as a criterian, the conservatively estimated prevalence of OSAHS was 3.62%. CONCLUSIONS The estimated prevalence of OSAHS in adults over 30 yr old was 3.62%. This can be a great burden to public health and implies that the disease needs better understanding and study.
Fault accommodation for nonlinear systems using fuzzy adaptive sliding control

An active fault accommodation control law is developed for a class of nonlinear systems to guarantee the closed-loop stability in the presence of a fault, based on a fuzzy logic system representation of the dynamics due to faults. It uses fuzzy logic system to approximate the dynamic caused by the fault. Through the adaptive process of the parameters, the dynamics caused by the fault is counteracted. The fuzzy sliding mode control is introduced to attenuate the fuzzy approximation error. Simultaneity, the closed-loop system is stable in Lyapunov sense and the tracking error converges to a neighbourhood of zero. The example of the proposed design indicates that the fault accommodation control law is effective for a nonlinear system.