Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Zak transform : a signal transform for sampled time-continuous signals.

In this paper we study the Zak transform which is a signal transform relevant to time-continuous signals sampled at a uniform rate and an arbitrary clock phase. Besides being a time-frequency representation for timecontinuous signals, the Zak transform is a particularly useful tool in signal theory. It can be used to provide a framework within which celebrated themes like the Fourier inversion theorem, Parseval's theorem, the Nyquist criterion, the Shannon sampling theorem, and the Gabor representation problem fit. Moreover, the Zak transform is of particular use for solving linear integral equations, the kernel of which is the autocorrelation function of a cyclostationary random process. This paper lists and interprets the numerous properties of the Zak transform; to one of these properties, the occurrence of zeros of Zak transforms, special attention is paid. Furthermore, the relation with other time-frequency representations such as the Wigner distribution and the radar ambiguity function is given, and the Gabor representation problem is tackled. Finally, an example of how to use the Zak transform is given by solving data transmission problems where a robust filter, with or without decision feedback, has to be designed with optimal performance properties with respect to intersymbol interference and noise surpression.
1.55-μm picosecond all-optical switching by using intersubband absorption in InGaAs-AlAs-AlAsSb coupled quantum wells

We report on the first all-optical switching operation of intersubband absorption at an optical communication wavelength (/spl sim/1.55 /spl mu/m). The 1.55-/spl mu/m intersubband absorption was achieved by InGaAs-AlAs-AlAsSb coupled quantum wells. A switching operation on an ultrafast signal (equivalent to 1 THz) was successfully demonstrated with a control pulse energy as low as 27 pJ.
Cyclooxygenase- (COX) 2 is the main intrinsic source of prostaglandins (PG) in the ductus arteriosus (DA) of the newborn (NB) but not of the fetus. • 109

Non-selective COX inhibitors are the mainstay for treatment of patent DA. COX-1 is the principal source of PG in the systemic circulation of the NB; but inhibition of COX-1 compromises gut and renal function. Selective COX-2 blockers would be effective in closing NB DA provided this enzyme is the principal source of PG in this tissue and intrinsic DA PG contribute more than circulating PG (from COX-1) to ductal tone. We studied the ontogeny of COX-1 and 2 expression in DA, and evaluated its functional significance. DA of NB( 90%, <10% and ≈50% of PG synthesis respectively in the NB DA, pulmonary artery and aorta, arose from COX-2. In contrast to NB, DA of fetal (95% gestation) pig expressed simply COX-1, and was confirmed in sheep and human fetus. Functional significance of predominant COX-2 expression in NB DA was evaluated by measuring contraction of isolated pig DA (bath[O2]=5%) to COX-2 blocker DuP697 (10 μM); DuP697 elicited DA contraction not augmented by non-selective COX blocker ibuprofen (0.1 mM). Finally, administration of DuP697 (5 mg/kg iv, which reduces COX-2 activity but not circulating PGE2 levels) to NB pig (<2½ h old) and fetal sheep (90% gestation) did not affect DA patency (echocardiogram), whereas indomethacin decreased plasma PGE2 levels and closed the DA. Data indicate that the DA of the NB, in contrast to that of the fetus, expresses abundantly more COX-2 than COX-1; but the circulating PGs, mostly from COX-1, exert the major control on DA patency in vivo. Thus COX-2 inhibitors are not an alternative to non-selective COX inhibitors to treat patent DA. On the other hand, because COX-2 is induced in inflamed tissue as well as in fetal membranes during labor, blockers of COX-2 to women during gestation (eg. early tocolysis) may be preferable to non-selective COX inhibitors which may undesirably close fetal DA.
High frequency ventilation.

Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book high frequency ventilation. It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.
Density-functional approximation for the correlation energy of the inhomogeneous electron gas.

Langreth and Mehl (LM) and co-workers have developed a useful spin-density functional for the correlation energy of an electronic system. Here the LM functional is improved in two ways: (1) The natural separation between exchange and correlation is made, so that the density-gradient expansion of each is recovered in the slowly varying limit. (2) Uniform-gas and inhomogeneity effects beyond the randomphase approximation are built in. Numerical results for atoms, positive ions, and surfaces are close to the exact correlation energies, with major improvements over the original LM approximation for the ions and surfaces.
Expression of a splicing variant of the 
CADM1
 specific to small cell lung cancer

CADM1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule, acts as a tumor suppressor in a variety of human cancers. CADM1 is also ectopically expressed in adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL), conferring an invasive phenotype characteristic to ATL. Therefore, CADM1 plays dual roles in human oncogenesis. Here, we investigate the roles of CADM1 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that 10 of 35 (29%) primary SCLC tumors express CADM1 protein. Western blotting and RT‐PCR analyses reveal that CADM1 is significantly expressed in 11 of 14 SCLC cells growing in suspension cultures but in neither of 2 SCLC cells showing attached growth to plastic dishes, suggesting that CADM1 is involved in anchorage‐independent growth in SCLC. In the present study, we demonstrate that SCLC expresses a unique splicing variant of CADM1 (variant 8/9) containing additional extracellular fragments corresponding to exon 9 in addition to variant 8, a common isoform in epithelia. Variant 8/9 of CADM1 is almost exclusively observed in SCLC and testis, although this variant protein localizes along the membrane and shows similar cell aggregation activity to variant 8. Interestingly, both variant 8/9 and variant 8 of CADM1 show enhanced tumorigenicity in nude mice when transfected into SBC5, a SCLC cell lacking CADM1. Inversely, suppression of CADM1 expression by shRNA reduced spheroid‐like cell aggregation of NCI‐H69, an SCLC cell expressing a high amount of CADM1. These findings suggest that CADM1 enhances the malignant features of SCLC, as is observed in ATL, and could provide a molecular marker specific to SCLC. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1051–1057)
Changing smokers’ risk perceptions – for better or worse?

This study investigated the effect of a smoking health message on smokers’ comparative optimism. Two groups watched an anti-smoking scenario, with one group imagining being part of the scenario. Participants, including controls, completed comparative optimism ratings for four smoking-related illnesses. The intervention had negative consequences with both intervention groups reporting significantly higher comparative optimism versus the control group for all four smoking-related illnesses. It is concluded that media health messages can be powerful tools in changing comparative optimism but are influenced by peoples’ prior perceptions. Health messages need to be systematically assessed to understand prior beliefs of the target audience.
A Global Conservation System for Climate‐Change Adaptation

Abstract: Climate change has created the need for a new strategic framework for conservation. This framework needs to include new protected areas that account for species range shifts and management that addresses large‐scale change across international borders. Actions within the framework must be effective in international waters and across political frontiers and have the ability to accommodate large income and ability‐to‐pay discrepancies between countries. A global protected‐area system responds to these needs. A fully implemented global system of protected areas will help in the transition to a new conservation paradigm robust to climate change and will ensure the integrity of the climate services provided by carbon sequestration from the world's natural habitats. The internationally coordinated response to climate change afforded by such a system could have significant cost savings relative to a system of climate adaptation that unfolds solely at a country level. Implementation of a global system is needed very soon because the effects of climate change on species and ecosystems are already well underway.
Correlates of Lending Needles/Syringes Among HIV-Seropositive Injection Drug Users

Among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs), we examined the correlates of lending needles/syringes with HIV-negative and unknown status injection partners. HIV-positive IDUs (N = 738) from 4 cities in the United States who reported injection drug use with other IDUs in the past 3 months participated in an audio computer-assisted self-administered interview. Eighteen percent of study participants self-reported having lent their needles to HIV-negative or unknown status injection partners. Multivariate analyses showed that 6 variables were significantly associated with this high-risk injecting practice. Older IDUs, high school graduates, and those reporting more supportive peer norms for safer drug use were less likely to lend needles/syringes. Admission to a hospital for drug treatment in the past 6 months, having injected with >1 person in the past 3 months, and having more psychiatric symptoms were all associated with more risk. These findings underscore the need for a continued prevention focus on HIV-positive IDUs that recognizes the combination of drug use, mental health factors, and social factors that might affect this high-risk injecting practice, which could be associated with HIV and hepatitis C transmission.
Single-Atom Single-Photon Quantum Interface

A major challenge for a scalable quantum computing architecture is the faithful transfer of information from one node to another. We report on the realization of an atom-photon quantum interface based on an optical cavity, using it to entangle a single atom with a single photon and then to map the quantum state of the atom onto a second single photon. The latter step disentangles the atom from the light and produces an entangled photon pair. Our scheme is intrinsically deterministic and establishes the basic element required to realize a distributed quantum network with individual atoms at rest as quantum memories and single flying photons as quantum messengers.
Challenges for ICT business development in intelligent transport systems

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are a product of convergence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and transport industries, with an aim to improve safety, mobility and efficiency of transportation. Ubiquitous, fast and inexpensive wireless communication and increasing vehicle computation, storage and sensing capabilities, are technological enablers for ITS. Notwithstanding technological maturity, the real challenge rises from the change the ITS market brings to the business of ICT players, as development of ITS services requires cooperation of multiple actors across industries. For ICT players, this signifies a departure from rigid telecom-era business models to a more networked structure of collaboration with other players. In this paper, we identify key business challenges that ICT players face in ITS market, by analysis of two ITS use cases.
Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Flowering and Reduces Hand Thinning of `Redhaven' Peach

Adjusting the crop load of peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] by hand thinning is currently required to ensure marketable size of most cultivars grown in Ontario. A novel approach to adjust cropping by inhibiting flowering using gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was tested in an orchard experiment in which GA 3 was applied at 7, 10, and 13 weeks after full bloom to mature 'Redhaven' peach trees. Late GA 3 treatments increased soluble solids concentration (SSC) in the season of application. A significant interaction between GA 3 rate and time of application was observed on increased fruit firmness in the current season. Increasing rates of GA 3 decreased flowering the following season in a quadratic fashion, resulting in a 41% to 90% diminished requirement for hand thinning. This translated into lower crop loads and yields for GA 3 -treated trees at harvest compared with untreated control trees. However, GA 3 -treated trees had larger mean fruit size and improved fruit size distribution the year after GA 3 application. Advanced fruit ripening was also evident by increased fruit SSC and decreased fruit firmness, likely an indirect effect of GA 3 on crop load. GA 3 application timing significantly increased overall tree growth measured by the changes in trunk cross-sectional area.
Cooperative Control of Multiple Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Final Report

2. FUZZY PETRI NET. The decision for an autonomous Unmanned Air Petri nets [1] are a graphical and mathematical Vehicle (UAV) to strike a target is an important one modeling tool. They can be used as a communication that has important consequences. The details tool similar to other modeling notations like stateregarding the decision and the process of deciding transition diagrams and entity-relationship diagrams. need to be well defined and understood This paper As a mathematical tool it can set up mathematical presents a Petri net approach to UA V decision making models that govern the behavior of systems. Those based on fuzzy reasoning. It shows that Petri nets are systems can be asynchronous, concurrent, parallel, a viable toolfor modeling and validating propositional stochastic, or non-deterministic. logic for rule-based reasoning in UA V decisions. It Using a Petri net formalism allows us two primary also discusses alternative methods for modeling places advantages [3]. It allows us to visualize the structure of as input sources for transitions representing rules. the rules-based system, making the model more legible and easier to understand; and secondly to express the KEYWORDSPetri net, Fuzzy Reasoning, UA V, behavior of the system in mathematical forms. control structure, modeling The term Fuzzy Petri Net (FPN) has been used to describe Petri nets that use their formalism to implement fuzzy reasoning algorithms. In FPNs,
An in vivo model to compare human leukocyte infiltration in carcinoma xenografts producing different chemokines

In this study we tested whether the pattern of cytokines expressed by human carcinomas could account for a different in vivo recruitment of leukocyte subpopulations as a part of the anti‐tumor immune response. Two carcinoma cell lines, SK‐ OV‐3 ovary carcinoma and CALU‐3 lung carcinoma, were analyzed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunofluorescence and ELISA for the expression and in vrtro production of cytokines with chemotactic, pro‐ inflammatory and growth‐stimulating activity. Although both cell lines displayed a constitutive expression of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte macrophage‐ CSF (GM‐CSF), M‐CSF, interleukin (IL‐) la and IL‐8, only CALU‐3 cell line expressed IL‐10, RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted) and monocyte‐ activating protein (MCP)‐I. MCP‐I and IL‐8 were detected by immunohistochemistry on sections from tumors xenografted in nude mice. To analyze whether the tumor‐released cytokines modulate leukocytes in tumor infiltration, we studied the distribution of human peripheral blood leukocytes injected in the proximity of SK‐OV‐3 and of CALU‐3 tumor xenografts. While SK‐OV‐3 was unable to recruit human leukocytes and appeared to be barely infiltrated by murine CD45+ cells, CALU‐3 appeared to be rapidly and heavily infiltrated by human leukocytes which induced tumor necrosis within 18–24 hr. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Monte-Carlo study of the role of scattering in deca-nanometer MOSFETs

In this paper, a Monte-Carlo simulator, including quantum corrections to the potential and an improved physically based model for surface roughness scattering is used to study the electronic transport in double gate (DG) SOI MOSFETs with L/sub G/ down to 14nm. Our results demonstrate that, for the explored L/sub G/ values, scattering still controls the ON current (I/sub DS/), which for L/sub G/ = 25nm is overestimated by about a factor of 2 by a ballistic model. By monitoring the electrons back-scattered at the source, we discuss the role of the scattering in different parts of the device.
The Effects of Halothane and Isoflurane on the Phosphoenergetic State of the Liver During Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats: An In Vivo31 P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study

We studied the effects of halothane versus isoflurane on the phosphoenergetic state and intracellular pH (pHi) of the rat liver using in vivo31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy during and after hemorrhagic shock.Seventeen rats were anesthetized with 1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of halothane or isoflurane. The mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 40 mm Hg and maintained at this level for 45 min by withdrawing blood from the common carotid artery. The shed blood was then returned slowly. In vivo31 P NMR spectra were consecutively collected throughout the study. The phosphoenergetic state of the liver was evaluated from the changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels. pHi was calculated from the chemical shifts of Pi and alpha-ATP peaks. During hemorrhagic shock, beta-ATP decreased to 35% and 45%, and Pi increased to 300% and 230% of their initial values in the halothane and isoflurane groups, respectively. Intracellular acidosis was more severe in the halothane group. The recoveries of beta-ATP and Pi were better in the isoflurane group. Halothane showed a more detrimental effect than isoflurane on the hepatic phosphoenergetic level during and after hemorrhagic shock. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:347-52)
Fatigue preconditioning increases fatigue resistance in mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscles with non‐functioning KATP channels

The objective of this study was to determine how an initial fatigue bout (FAT1 at 37°C) affects free myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and force ([Ca2+]i/force) during a subsequent fatigue bout (FAT2) in mouse flexor digitorum brevis (FDB). During FAT1, both tetanic [Ca2+]i/force decreased; however, they decreased to significantly lower levels when FAT1 was carried out in the presence of glibenclamide, a sarcolemmal KATP (sKATP) channel blocker. Glibenclamide also elicited greater increases in unstimulated [Ca2+]i/force, which occurred when fibres failed to fully relax between contractions during FAT1. Finally, glibenclamide impaired force recovery after FAT1. The decreases in tetanic [Ca2+]i/force and increases in unstimulated [Ca2+]i/force were slower during FAT2 elicited 60 min after FAT1. Under control conditions, the effects were small with very few significant differences. In the presence of glibenclamide, on the other hand, the differences between FAT1 and FAT2 were very large. Unexpectedly, the differences in unstimulated and tetanic [Ca2+]i/force between control and glibenclamide conditions observed during FAT1 were no longer observed during FAT2. The lack of differences was not related to a failure of glibenclamide to block KATP channels during FAT2 because the effects of FAT1 on FAT2 were also observed using Kir6.2−/− mouse FDB, which lack sKATP channel activity. The differences in [Ca2+]i/force between FAT1 and FAT2 could be observed with FAT1 duration of just 30 s and a FAT1–FAT2 interval of at least 30 min. A modulation of factors involved in ischaemic pre‐conditioning, i.e. A1‐adenosine receptors, sKATP and mitochondrial KATP (mKATP) channels, PKC and reactive oxygen species, during FAT1 had no effect on FAT2 fatigue kinetics. It is concluded that a preceding fatigue bout triggers an acute physiological process that prevents the contractile dysfunction induced by non‐functioning KATP channels.
Stability Results for an Age-Structured SIS Epidemic Model with Vector Population

We formulate an age-structured SIS epidemic model with periodic parameters, which includes host population and vector population. The host population is described by two partial differential equations, and the vector population is described by a single ordinary differential equation. The existence problem for endemic periodic solutions is reduced to a fixed point problem of a nonlinear integral operator acting on locally integrable periodic functions. We obtain that if the spectral radius of the Frechet derivative of the fixed point operator at zero is greater than one, there exists a unique endemic periodic solution, and we investigate the global attractiveness of disease-free steady state of the normalized system.
Plot-scale studies of vegetation, overland flow and erosion interactions: case studies from Arizona and New Mexico

Rainfall-simulation experiments have been carried out on a series of plots ranging in size from 1 m2 to c 500 m2 in order to observe process and flux-rate changes resulting from the replacement of the dominant vegetation type from grassland to shrubland in the American South-west. Results have demonstrated variations in infiltration rates, flow hydraulics, splash and interrill erosion rates and nutrient transport rates. Furthermore, the shrubland areas develop rills, which are responsible for significant increases in overall erosion rates. The small-plot experiments allow the definition of controlling factors on the processes, and highlight the importance of vegetation controls. Although the small-plot approach has a number of significant advantages, it also has a number of disadvantages, which are discussed in detail. Some of these problems can be overcome with a careful consideration of experimental design. It is argued that plot-scale studies play an important part in improving our understanding of complex, open systems, but need to be integrated with other approaches such as the monitoring of natural events and computer modelling so that mutually consistent understandings of complex ecohydrological systems can be achieved. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECT OF NUTRIENT RATIO AND CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF TOMATO PLANTS AND ON THE OCCURENCE OF BLOSSOM-END ROT OF THE FRUIT.

Much work has been done on physiological balance where from two to six major elements have been varied, with the osmotic concentration nearly constant. In this experiment only one major element was. varied in the ratio, but no attention was paid to the osmotic concentration. This would be more nearly like the application of fertilizer under field conditions. Blossom-end rot has recently been reviewed by Robbins (2) with many references given on the subject. In most cases a disturbance of the normal water relations has been assigned as a cause of the physiological disease. This experiment was set up to study the effect of balance of nutrient elements on the growth of tomato plants grown in sand culture using the subirrigation method. Materials and methods