Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Third‐Generation New Product Processes

New product processes—formal “stage-gate” systems for driving new product projects from idea through to launch—have been widely adopted in the last decade, and have generally had a strong and positive impact on firms' new product efforts. While these Second-Generation roadmaps represent a major improvement over the NASA-based first generation process of the 1960s, they too have weaknesses: too time consuming and too many time wasters, too bureaucratic, and no provision for focus. Here, Robert Cooper speculates about the nature of an emerging next generation of new product processes. He proposes fundamental changes to today's “stage-gate” systems that revolve around four Fs: they will be fluid and adaptable; they will incorporate fuzzy gates which are both situational and conditional; they will provide for much sharper focus of resources and management of the portfolio of projects; and they will be much more flexible than today's process. The end results should provide companies with a much more efficient road-map, bringing products to market faster and improving their use of scarce resources. But pitfalls are never far away in our evolution towards these Third-Generation Processes.
Emerging Dual Legal Frameworks of Social Enterprise in South Korea: Backgrounds and Prospects

Social enterprise has emerged to innovatively deal with social problems that were not effectively managed by either market or government. However, the way of organizing social enterprise varies across countries. Existing literature has claimed that the emergence and development of social enterprise in Western countries and the US are more influenced by the voluntary initiatives of civil society than the state power whereas those in East Asian countries are more affected by the state power (Kerlin, 2009; Nyssens, 2006; Defourny and Kim, 2011). The difference in development path of social enterprise between the three regions is fundamentally ascribed to distinct institutional environments such as the characteristics of state, legal system, culture, norms, etc. Furthermore, Defourny and Kim (2011) cautiously pointed out the peril that social enterprises in East Asian countries including South Korea be degenerated since the civil society has not been yet solidly advanced to provide safeguard to resist the isomorphic pressures wielded simultaneously by the state and the market. Then a following important question would be how the capability and power of civil society is improved.
A study of DNA damage in buccal cells of consumers of well‐ and/or tap‐water using the comet assay: Assessment of occupational exposure to genotoxicants

Because of concerns that natural aquifers in the region of Todos Santos (Baja California Sur, Mexico) might be contaminated by organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals, a case–control study was conducted among consumers and non‐consumers of well‐ and/or tap‐water to determine risks to human health. This study was based on a genotoxic evaluation of buccal cells using the Comet assay technique. Levels of DNA damage in the consumers group were significantly higher than those of the control group. However, occupational exposure to genotoxicants showed to be the critical factor rather than water consumption. Taking into account the professions of well‐ and/or tap‐water consumers, agricultural workers exposed directly (those who fumigated) or indirectly (those not involved in fumigating) to agrochemicals showed greater genetic damage than controls. This difference persisted even when age, and whether the person smoked or consumed alcoholic drinks were considered. These factors were not associated with the level of genetic damage observed. Chemical analyses of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals were carried out to evaluate the water quality of wells, faucets, and surface water of canals consumed by the population and/or used for irrigation. High concentrations of α and β endosulfan were detected in water of surface canals. Although our inventory of agrochemicals employed in the region showed the use of products considered carcinogenic and/or mutagenic, they were not detected by the analytical techniques used. Heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, and lead) were detected in water of some wells used for irrigation and human consumption. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:619–627, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organizational Capital as Competitive Advantage of the Firm

The elements that constitute the organizational capital,namely its culture,structure,organizational learning,can be a source of competitive advantage.This paper attempts to assess organizational capital from the resource-based view.By means of this framework of organizational capital it can be depicted as a set of: valuable assets;difficult to imitate,replace and transfer;with a prolonged life expectancy;and with a feasible rent appropriation.Building such an evaluation framework allows further research about other components of the intellectual capital of the firm.
3-D visualization of dynamic runtime structures

Continued development and maintenance of software requires understanding its design and behavior. Software at runtime creates a complex network of call--callee relationships that are hard to determine but that developers need to understand to optimize software performance. Existing tools typically focus on static aspects (e.g., Structure101 or SonarQube), or they are difficult to use and require high expertise (e.g., software profiling tools). Unfortunately, these dependencies are hard to derive from static code analysis: For one, static analysis will reveal potential call--callee relationships not actual ones. Second, they are often difficult to detect, since information systems today increasingly use abstraction patterns and code injection, which obscures runtime behavior. In this paper, we present our efforts towards accessible and informative means of visualizing software runtime processes. We designed a novel visualization approach that utilizes a hierarchical and interactive 3-D city layout based on force-directed graphs to display the runtime structure of an application. This promises to reduce the time and effort invested in debugging programming errors or in finding bottlenecks of software performance. Our approach extends the city metaphor for translating programmatic relationships into accessible 3D visualizations. With the identified goals and constraints in mind, we designed a novel visual debugging system, which maps programming code structures to 3D city layouts based on force-directed graphs. Exploration of the animated visualization allows the user to investigate not only the static relationships of large software projects but also its dynamic runtime behavior. We conducted a formative evaluation of the approach with a preliminary version of a prototype. In a series of six interviews with experts in software development and dynamic analysis, we were able to confirm that the approach is useful and supports identifying bottlenecks. The interviews raised and prioritized potential future improvements, several of which we implemented into the final version of our prototype.
Composition and Toxicity of the Inclusion of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

The multisegmented ovoidal inclusion of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be composed of two structurally and biochemically distinct components. Electron microscopy of the inclusion revealed it to be composed mainly of osmiophobic or lightly stained segments crystallized in a lattice showing a repeat of approximately 4.3 nm. These light segments of the inclusions were shared by osmiophylic darkly stained segments with a crystal lattice repeat of approximately 7.8 nm. The lightly stained segments were soluble at pH 9.2 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-dithiothreitol-Tris-hydrochloride. The extracts of lightly stained segments were lytic to mammalian erythrocytes, and the precipitate obtained by lowering the pH to 5.2 was toxic to the larvae of Aedes egypti. The dark inclusion segments remaining, besides being much less toxic to larvae, were nonlytic to erythrocytes and were soluble at pH 10.5 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-dithiothreitol-Tris-hydrochloride. The light segment was composed of two major polypeptide doublets with molecular weights of 145,000 and 135,000, and 27,000 and 26,500, and the dark segments were composed of a single major polypeptide with a molecular-weight of 70,000. Hence, the inclusion of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is more complex than previously reported, and we conclude that the toxin may be the polypeptide with a molecular weight of 27,000 and 26,500.
The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II.

BACKGROUND In a sample of 30,195 randomly selected hospital records, we identified 1133 patients (3.7 percent) with disabling injuries caused by medical treatment. We report here an analysis of these adverse events and their relation to error, negligence, and disability. METHODS Two physician-reviewers independently identified the adverse events and evaluated them with respect to negligence, errors in management, and extent of disability. One of the authors classified each event according to type of injury. We tested the significance of differences in rates of negligence and disability among categories with at least 30 adverse events. RESULTS Drug complications were the most common type of adverse event (19 percent), followed by wound infections (14 percent) and technical complications (13 percent). Nearly half the adverse events (48 percent) were associated with an operation. Adverse events during surgery were less likely to be caused by negligence (17 percent) than nonsurgical ones (37 percent). The proportion of adverse events due to negligence was highest for diagnostic mishaps (75 percent), noninvasive therapeutic mishaps ("errors of omission") (77 percent), and events occurring in the emergency room (70 percent). Errors in management were identified for 58 percent of the adverse events, among which nearly half were attributed to negligence. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevention of many adverse events must await improvements in medical knowledge, the high proportion that are due to management errors suggests that many others are potentially preventable now. Reducing the incidence of these events will require identifying their causes and developing methods to prevent error or reduce its effects.
TQM, Culture, and Performance in UAE Manufacturing Firms

Many authors bare argued that the success of total quality management (TQM) implementation is largely dependent on corporate culture. This article investigates TQM practices, corporate culture, and performance in UAE manufacturing firms. Questionnaires containing the three topics were distributed to general managers, quality managers, operation managers, and other functional managers. Responses on TQM practices and corporate culture were factor analyzed. This resulted in four TQM dimensions and five culture dimensions. The extent of the implementation of the TQM dimension was determined. The relationship between TQM practices with quality and business performance was subsequently assessed. This study also assessed the culture dimensions shared among UAE manufacturing firms. The relationship between the dimensions of TQM practices and the dimensions of corporate culture was investigated. Finally, the combined effects of culture and TQM practices on performance were assessed.
Research Demonstrating the Effects of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges on Cognition and Behavior

Both animal and human research suggests interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) may affect cognition, although the significance of such findings remains controversial. We review a wide range of literature with bearing on this topic, and present relevant epilepsy surgery cases, which suggest the effects of IEDs may be substantial and informative for surgical planning. In the first case, we present an epilepsy patient with left anterior temporal lobe (TL) seizure onset who experienced frequent IEDs during preoperative neuropsychological assessment. Cognitive results strongly lateralized to the left TL. Because the patient failed performance validity tests and appeared amnestic for verbal materials inconsistent with his work history, selected neuropsychological tests were repeated 6 weeks later. Scores improved one to two standard deviations over the initial evaluation, and because of this improvement, were only mildly suggestive of left TL impairment. The second case involves another patient with documented left TL epilepsy who experienced epileptiform activity while undergoing neurocognitive testing and simultaneous ambulatory EEG recording. This patient’s verbal memory performance was impaired during the period that IEDs were present but near normal when such activity was absent. Overall, although the presence of IEDs may be helpful in confirming laterality of seizure onset, frequent IEDs might disrupt focal cognitive functions, and distort accurate measurement of neuropsychological ability, interfering with accurate characterization of surgical risks and benefits. Such transient effects on daily performance may also contribute to significant functional compromise. We include a discussion of the manner in which IED effects during presurgical Address Correspondence To: Daniel L. Drane, Ph.D., ABPP (CN), Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 6111, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, ddrane@emory.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Epilepsy Behav. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 March 01. Published in final edited form as: Epilepsy Behav. 2016 March ; 56: 131–138. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh. 2016.01. 001. A uhor M anscript
Customer Satisfaction within the Rapid Product Consumption Industry: A Case Study of Woodmead Pick n Pay, Gauteng (South Africa)

In the midst of fierce competition and increased number of retail outlets providing a variety of products, customers have become accustomed to patronizing multiple outlets and keeping customers satisfied has never been more important than currently. Retailers have recognized this trend and are of the view that customer satisfaction plays a role in the success of business strategies. Retailers need to understand how to satisfy their customers in order to enhance their appeal and increase consumer loyalty. The aim of this study was to evaluate customer satisfaction within the fast moving consumer goods industry at Pick n Pay Woodmead in Gauteng Province in the Republic of South Africa.
SEVERE NEUROTOXICITY, OTOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY FOLLOWING HIGH-DOSE CISPLATIN AND AMIFOSTINE

Cisplatin in higher doses have been used routinely in the treatment of childhood tumours including neuroblastoma and germ cell tumors. Amifostine, a broad-spectrum cytoprotector of normal tissues, has been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in patients receiving cisplatin. Such administration of amifostine has been reported to reduce cisplatin-related toxicities in some studies, but not all. The authors report a case of severe toxicity with cisplatin in a girl with epithelial cell carcinoma of the ovary despite the use of amifostine.
SCIENTIFIC APOPHENIA IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: SIGNIFICANCE TESTS & MISTAKEN INFERENCE

Research summary: This article uses distributional matching and posterior predictive checks to estimate the extent of false and inflated findings in empirical research on strategic management. Based on a sample of 300 papers in top outlets for research on strategic management, we estimate that if each study were repeated, 24–40 percent of significant coefficients would become insignificant at the five percent level. Our best guess is that for about half of these, the true coefficient is very close to 0. The remaining coefficients are likely directionally correct but inflated in magnitude. We offer several practical individual and field level suggestions for reducing scientific apophenia, that is, our tendency to find and publish evidence of order where none exists. Managerial summary: This article analyzes the degree to which statistics in research on strategic management provide meaningful evidence for decision-making. Based on a sample of 300 papers, we estimate that 24%–40% of reported results would probably not be confirmed if the study were repeated. Our best guess is that about half of the reported results are wrong (B∼ = 0) and the other half of results too weak to find repeatedly. We conclude that scientific apophenia—the tendency to find evidence of order where none exists—is a serious problem in the literature on strategic management. We recommend replication of empirical studies to insure that they provide evidence for guiding managers. We also provide guidance for avoiding scientific apophenia in empirical research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of yeast YER010Cp, a knotable member of the RraA protein family

We present here the structure of Yer010c protein of unknown function, solved by Multiple Anomalous Diffraction and revealing a common fold and oligomerization state with proteins of the regulator of ribonuclease activity A (RraA) family. In Escherichia coli, RraA has been shown to regulate the activity of ribonuclease E by direct interaction. The absence of ribonuclease E in yeast suggests a different function for this family member in this organism. Yer010cp has a few supplementary secondary structure elements and a deep pseudo‐knot at the heart of the protein core. A tunnel at the interface between two monomers, lined with conserved charged residues, has unassigned residual electron density and may constitute an active site for a yet unknown activity.
Robust algebraic methods for geometric computing

Geometric computation in computer aided geometric design and solid modeling calls for solving non-linear polynomial systems in an approximate-yetcertified manner. We introduce new subdivision algorithms that tackle this fundamental problem. In particular, we generalize the univariate so-called continued fraction solver to general dimension. Fast bounding functions, unicity tests, projection and preconditioning are employed to speed up convergence. Apart from practical experiments, we provide theoretical bit complexity estimates, as well as bounds in the real RAM model, by means of real condition numbers. A main bottleneck for any real solving method is singular isolated points. We employ local inverse systems and certified numerical computations to provide certification criteria to treat singular solutions. In doing so, we are able to check existence and uniqueness of singularities of a given multiplicity structure using verification methods, based on interval arithmetic and fixed point theorems. Two major geometric applications are undertaken. First, the approximation of planar semi-algebraic sets, commonly occurring in constraint geometric solving. We present an efficient algorithm to identify connected components and, for a given precision, to compute polygonal and isotopic approximation of the exact set. Second, we present an algebraic framework to compute generalized Voronoi diagrams, that is applicable to any diagram type in which the distance from a site can be expressed by a bi-variate polynomial function (anisotropic, power diagram etc). In cases where this is not possible (eg. Apollonius diagram, VD of ellipses and so on), we extend the theory to implicitly given distance functions.
Correlation of widespread preoperative magnetic resonance imaging changes with unsuccessful surgery for hippocampal sclerosis

Despite meticulous preoperative assessment, about 30% of patients with refractory partial epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis fail to become seizure free after appropriate temporal lobe surgery. Perioperative complications, hippocampal remnants, and bitemporal disease do not account for all failures; extrahippocampal epileptogenic tissue must persist in some patients. Such dual pathology is detected on routine visual inspection of magnetic resonance images in about 15% of patients with hippocampal sclerosis, but most such patients are excluded from surgery. We postulated that some patients have occult extrahippocampal cerebral structural abnormalities (i.e., subtle dual pathology) and that the presence of these abnormalities would be associated with a poor surgical outcome. Quantitative postprocessing of preoperative magnetic resonance images from 27 patients subsequently proved to have hippocampal sclerosis demonstrated extrahippocampal structural abnormalities in 14, 10 of whom did not become seizure free, while 11 of 13 patients without such changes did become seizure free (χ2, p < 0.005). Such structural information may supplement clinical decision making in some patients being evaluated for epilepsy surgery and help to explain the biological basis of poor outcome from such surgery.
Trade in medicinal tree and shrub products in three urban centres in Kenya

As pressures on agricultural and rural land increase, forest products are becoming a main source of non-farm income for many rural and urban households in sub-Saharan Africa. The trading of wild harvested medicinal tree and shrub material, mostly sourced from natural forest stands, bush, and savannah woodland, is poorly documented, particularly in Kenya. This study (a) profiles the socio-economic characteristics of traders and key species traded and (b) identifies the supply chain and quantities of material stocked and traded and assesses the economic value of the trade. Trading in medicinal tree and shrub products constitutes an important source of income for households and is often the only income generator, as 60% of the traders stated that they had no additional income-generating activities. There is a wide range in the quantities of material stocked and sold. There are significant differences regarding quantities and pricing of material between traders by location and gender. The material that supplies the markets is almost exclusively sourced through collection from the wild with little or no indication of sustainable supply from cultivated sources. And as the total volume of material collected from the wild and traded is largely unknown and potentially much greater than previously thought, this raises serious concerns for the sustainability of natural resources. Further species-specific research on the trade of medicinals is required to evaluate the extent of threat to natural populations, to analyse the value chains for sustainable production and marketing, and to assess the economic and ecological benefits from cultivating medicinal tree and shrub species on smallholder farms.
Sur les colorations des arêtes des graphes cubiques. (On colors of cubic graph ridges)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Sur les colorations des arêtes des graphes cubiques Myriam Preissmann