Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding habits of the pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata, off the Eastern coast of Taiwan.

species of cephalopods made up 32.5% by number. Myctophid lanternfishes and enoploteuthid squid accounted for 78.3% of all prey consumed. The enoploteuthid squid, Enoploteuthis chunii, was the primary prey and represented 25.8% by number of the total prey, with an overall occurrence of 66.7%. Results of this study are generally similar to those at earlier food habits studies conducted on this species in the eastern tropical Pacific. In both regions, the ratio of fish and cephalopods consumed and the trophic levels of the dominant prey were similar. Stenella attenuata in the eastern tropical Pacific and off the eastern coast of Taiwan are feeding primarily on myctophid lanternfishes and species of the cephalopod families Enoploteuthidae and Ommastrephidae. The ANOSIM analysis demonstrated a significant difference in prey composition by season. The most numerically abundant prey species, Enoploteuthis chunii, play an important role in the observed seasonal differences, which contributed 16.8% to the average dissimilarity between fall-winter and spring-summer. http://www.sinica. edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/42.2/368.pdf
Phylogenetic relationships within Plantago (Plantaginaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnL-F sequence data

A molecular phylogenetic study of Plantago L. (Plantaginaceae) analysed nucleotide variation in the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal and plastid trnL-F regions. Included are 57 Plantago species, with two Aragoa species as the ingroup and three Veronica species as the outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony identified five major clades, corresponding to the taxonomic groups Plantago subgenera Plantago, Coronopus, Psyllium, Littorella and Bougueria. Aragoa is sister to genus Plantago. Plantago subgenus Littorella is sister to the other subgenera of Plantago. The results are in general correlated with a morphological phylogenetic study and iridoid glucoside patterns, but Plantago subgenus Albicans is paraphyletic and should be included in Plantago subgenus Psyllium sensu lato to obtain a monophyletic clade with six sections. Plantago section Hymenopsyllium is more closely related to section Gnaphaloides than to section Albicans. Plantago subgenus Bougueria is sister to subgenus Psyllium s.l. section Coronopus in Plantago subgenus Coronopus is subdivided in two series. Only some of the sections can be resolved into series. DNA variation within genus Plantago is high, a result that would not have been predicted on the basis of morphology, which is relatively stereotyped. If we calibrate a molecular clock based on the divergence of P. stauntoni, endemic to New Amsterdam in the southern Indian Ocean, we calculate the time of the split between Plantago and Aragoa to be 7.1 million years ago, which is congruent with the fossil record. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 139, 323‐338. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Aragoa ‐ Bougueria ‐ iridoid glucosides ‐ Littorella ‐ molecular systematics ‐ Veronicaceae.
Information Extraction Using RDBMS and Stemming Algorithm

: Information extraction systems are traditionally implemented as a pipeline of special-purpose processing modules targeting the extraction of a fussy form of data. A major drawback of such an attack is that whenever a new extraction goal emerges or a module is improved, extraction has to be replayed from scratch to the entire text corpus even though but a minor portion of the corpus might be involved. In this report, we report a novel approach for information extraction in which extraction needs are extracted in the configuration of database inquiries, which are measured and optimized by database systems. Using database queries for data extraction enables generic extraction and minimizes reprocessing of data by performing incremental extraction to identify which part of the data are affected by the change of components or goals. Further, our approach provides automated query generation components and stemming algorithm so that casual users do not have to learn the query language in parliamentary procedure to do the extraction. To show the feasibility of our incremental extraction approach, we performed couple of experiments to highlight two significant aspects of an information extraction system: quality and efficiency of the extraction results. Our experiments show that in the outcome of deployment of a new module, our incremental extraction approach minimizes the processing time by 92 percent as compared to a traditional pipeline approach. By using our methods to a corpus of 20 million biomedical abstracts, our experiments indicate that the query performance is efficient for real-time applications. Our experiments also uncovered that our approach achieves high quality extraction results.
Modeling Inside Building Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Using A Finite Difference Time Domain Method

Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTDM) is a powerful tool to model electromagnetic propagation; once the medium has been defined by its conductivity (, permittivity ( and permeability (, for each position in the computational volume, is possible to “see” the propagation electromagnetic behavior. We have used FDTDM to model waveguides, slot antennas, field effects over different materials and even propagation effects in nanometric spaces. As obstacles produce reflection, refraction and diffraction phenomena, modifying scattering field in free space zones, knowledge of propagation behavior is very useful to define antenna positions and other system characteristics, for WiFi, cellular telephony and other mobile communication systems. We present in this paper, results of EM propagation modeling inside a building, where furniture, structure, walls and any other obstacle has been defined by their EM constants:  Modeling shows how EM field is distributed all over the chosen zone, giving an almost exact quantification of field magnitude in each point. Modeling uses Yee algorithm to transform Differential Maxwell Equations into Finite Difference Equations, capable to be handled by the computer program developed by us. The source we used was a 2.4 GHz WiFi access point, allowing us to compare computational results with direct measurements in the experimental area. Each computational point was a 0.6 cm (per side cube, over a zone of 9x4x3 m. Results are presented in both, as images showing field distribution in representative areas of analysis zone, and linear graphics comparing acquired computational and measurement data, showing a no more than 3 dB difference between them.
Hypoxis hemerocallidea alters metabolic parameters and hepatic histomorphology in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic male rats under antiretroviral therapy

Introduction Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV/AIDS have been demonstrated to induce endocrine/metabolic dysfunction with a consequential increase in morbidity/mortality due to organ toxicities. This study aimed at investigating the possible protective effect of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (HH) against metabolic and hepatic histomorphology of diabetic rats under HAART. Material and methods Sixty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normoglycemic group A (n = 6) and 7 diabetic (110 mg/kg nicotinamide + 45 mg/kg streptozotocin) groups (B–H) (n = 8) and treated according to protocols. Concomitant treatment with adjuvant HH and HAART resulted in the least %body weight gain as the liver weight decreased in all treated animals. Results Significant changes in serum lipids were aggravated by treatment with HH and HAART, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were elevated (p < 0.001/0.05), but changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein levels were insignificant. While artherosclerotic and cardiopulmonary indexes remained insignificant, concomitant use of HH with HAART in diabetes resulted in reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < 0.001), and increased triglyceride (p < 0.05) and total cholesterol (p < 0.001). The parameters of liver injury showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in ALT of animals treated with HH alone, HAART + HH and melatonin; however, an insignificant decline in AST level was recorded. Treatment with adjuvant HAART, HH and melatonin resulted in significant (p < 0.005/0.0001) up-regulation of ALP and total bilirubin levels. Histopathology derangement ranged from severe hepatocellular distortions, necrosis with reduced glycogen expression following co-treatment of HAART+melatonin, HH and HAART alone in diabetes. Conclusions Presumptive hypoglycemic use of HH with HAART by people living with HIV/AIDS requires caution as implications for hepatocellular injuries are suspected with further uncontrolled metabolic disorder.
Effect of PGF2α and Utrovet on uterine involution and postpartum period in HF crossbred cows.

An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin (PGF2α) administration and Utrovet after calving on postpartum reproductive performance in HF crossbred cows. Total 18 HF crossbred cows from potential farm of Shri Surat Panjarapole, Bhestan, Surat were selected. Group-I cows were treated with inj. Dinoprost tromethamine immediately after parturition, Group-II cows were given Tablet Utrovet (PO) on the day after parturition till 10 days, Group-III cows were treated as control. Expulsion time of placenta (hrs) was to be found significantly earlier in Group-I (2.94±0.30) as compared to Group-II (3.95±0.36) and Group-III (5.36±0.19) cows. Time taken for completion of uterine involution (days) were significantly shorter in Group-I (28.17 ±0.95) than Group-II (32.83 ± 1.28) and Group-III (37.67 ±1.30) cows. First postpartum estrus (days) was found significantly shorter in Group-I (26.50 ± 0.87) as compared to Group-II (39.00±2.84) and Group-III (48.00±2.39) cows, Service period (days) was found shorter in Group-I (60.00±4.81) as compared to Group-II (78.25±7.47) and Group-III (100.33±6.64) cows. However, number of services per conception was found nonsignificantly lower in Group-I (1.6±0.25) as compared to Group-II (2.0±0.41) and Group-III (2.67±0.33) and conception rate was found higher in Group-I (83.33 %) as compared to Group-II (66.67 %) and GroupIII (50.00 %). It was concluded that injection of PGF2α immediately after parturition induce early expulsion of fetal membranes, accelerated the process of uterine involution and reduce the time period of first postpartum estrus in HF crossbred cows.
Explicit Query Diversification for Geographical Information Retrieval

In this paper we make a rst attempt to evaluate the po- tential of diversity in the Geographical Information Retrieval task. This task represent an opportunity to take advantage of diversity, given that documents are not relevant only from a thematic point of view, but also spatially. A user of a GIR system may be interested in results that are ge- ographically distributed and equally relevant. We attempted to diversify results explicitly, reformulating queries with meronyms of the places con- tained in the original queries, with the help of a geographical ontology. The obtained results show that a theoretical improvement is possible, but this approach may be eective only in the case that the relevant documents do not contain enough geographical data.
An Investigation into the Antecedents of Customer Satisfaction of Online Shopping

The aim of this study is to identify the key factors influencing customer satisfaction through online shopping. In this study four key dimensions of customer satisfaction of online shopping are identified. It is found that website design, reliability, product variety and delivery performances are the four key factors which influence consumers’ satisfaction of online shopping. However, there is no significant relationship between saved time and satisfaction. Recommendations are presented which may help foster growth of Malaysian online retailing in the future.
Performance Evaluation of UDP flows over Software Defined Networks

Software Defined Networking (SDN) decouples the control plane from the data plane, thereby facilitates network virtualization, dynamic programmability and flexibility in network management. Earlier works on SDN modeling only focused on packet-level arrivals without considering flow-level arrivals. However, the model without considering flow-level arrivals cannot correctly reflect the probability of packets sent to the controller. In this paper, we propose an analytical model (4D state) which consider flow-level (UDP flow) arrivals and packet-level arrivals simultaneously. Our analytical model (4D state) use fourdimensional states to evaluate the steady state probability. We have derived analytical formulas of average packet delay and packet loss probability for UDP flows in SDN. We have conducted numerical analysis and extensive simulations. Our results show good matches, which verify the suitability and correctness of our analysis. Error ratio of the analytical results for 4D state model against the simulation results are also given. Results show that the error ratio of 4D state model for packet delay is 0.52v1. 15% and for packet loss probability is 1.52v1. 6%.
Temperature , Physiology , and the Ecology of Reptiles

ed from Stevenson and Huey (in preparation). *In certain descriptive models (product, additive, quotient), two curves of the same or different shape are fitted together (Thornton and Lessem, 1978; WolIkind et al., 1978). Choice among these curves involves several factors. To minimize the sum of squares of the residuals a curve must have an appropriate shape Oennrich and Ralston, 1979). For instance, a logistic curve fits the success of Pituophis striking at prey (Fig. 3F), whereas a negative exponential is better for digestive efficiency of Dipsosaurus (Fig. 3H). Expense of calculation or requirements for confidence intervals (product and additive models) are additional factors influencing choice. D. MULTIPLE PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTIMAL TEMPERATURES-Do THEY EXIST? Knowing whether the various physiological processes of a reptile function best at the same temperatures is fundamental to analyses of the thermal niche. Implicit and sometimes explicit in some discussions of 1.0 Sce/oporus occ/denlo/is (]) 0.8 u c 0 E•. 0.6 0 -•.
An Empirical Research on Chinese-English Bilinguals’ Compliment Responses—A Cross-cultural Perspective

Compliments and compliment responses (CRs) are decided by linguistic and sociocultural norms, and further reflect cultural values and social norms. The study of CRs has generated a great number of studies in pragmatics. Previous studies, including Chinese as participants, have investigated Chinese CRs and compared Chinese CRs with people of other languages. According to Holmes’ (1988) taxonomy, CRs can be classified into three categories: Agreeing, Deflecting/Evading and Rejecting. Looking from a cross-cultural perspective, Chinese tend to use less Accepting strategies and more Rejecting strategies than Australians do (Tang and Zhang, 2009). Within the same language community, CR strategies might also change over time, as has been suggested in Chen and Yang’s (2010). However, research on Chinese English-knowing bilinguals’ CRs in the two languages is rare. The present study, focuses on a group of Chinese English-knowing bilinguals’ CR speech act. It aims at finding out whether Chinese English bilinguals will respond to compliments differently, when they are exposed to different media—Chinese language and English language, which might shed new light on how language influences and shapes people’s social and cultural norms. Written discourse completion task (DCT) is used to elicit the participants’ responses to compliments on one’s look, ability, character, possession. The survey was conducted on a cohort of 31 Chinese English teachers, during the period when they were in Singapore. Results show that there are differences in CR strategies employed in Chinese DCT and English DCT.
Using Psychophysical Methods to Understand Mechanisms of Face Identification in a Deep Neural Network

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been one of the most influential recent developments in computer vision, particularly for categorization [20]. The promise of CNNs is at least two-fold. First, they represent the best engineering solution to successfully tackle the foundational task of visual categorization with a performance level that even exceeds that of humans [19, 27]. Second, for computational neuroscience, CNNs provide a testable modelling platform for visual categorizations inspired by the multi-layered organization of visual cortex [7]. Here, we used a 3D generative model to control the variance of information learned to identify 2,000 face identities in one CNN architecture (10-layer ResNet [9]). We generated 25M face images to train the network by randomly sampling intrinsic (i.e. face morphology, gender, age, expression and ethnicity) and extrinsic factors of face variance (i.e. 3D pose, illumination, scale and 2D translation). At testing, the network performed with 99% generalization accuracy for face identity across variations of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. State-of-the-art information mapping techniques from psychophysics (i.e. Representational Similarity Analysis [18] and Bubbles [8]) revealed respectively the network layer at which factors of variance are resolved and the face features that are used for identity. By explicitly controlling the generative factors of face information, we provide an alternative framework based on human psychophysics to understand information processing in CNNs.
Increased susceptibility to metal mine discharges during the smolt stage of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L . )

Increased susceptibility during the smolt stage of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) to low pH and aluminium (Al) is well documented. Inhibition of the Na/K ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity corresponds with ionoregulatory disruptions with resulting mortality. Effects on smolts occur at Al doses far below those required to cause effects on parr, and delayed effects in the sea phase are observed. Whether the increased susceptibility is specific to Al, or represents a more general mechanism is not clear, although recent studies suggest similar responses to other metals. A pilot experiment to test the effects of acid metal mine discharges (AMD) on the smolt stage of Atlantic salmon was conducted in River Stjørdalselva, Norway. Migrating smolts were caught and distributed to experimental cages located at sites influenced by AMD, or at reference sites. Mortality occurred faster in smolts than previously seen in parr at the AMD sites, where mean (± 1 SD) total copper (Cu) and low molecular mass positively charged Cu concentrations were 26,2 (±10) and 6,9 (±2) μg/L, respectively. NKA activity was almost completely inhibited within 48 hrs of exposure, and severe ionoregulatory disruption was observed. Mortality approached 100 % within 48 hrs. This study indicates similar increased susceptibility in Atlantic salmon smolts exposed to AMD as previously observed for Al. Thus, there is clearly a need to evaluate whether the current Norwegian target concentration for mitigation efforts (10 μg Cu/L) is sufficient to ensure protection at this life stage, and thereby obtain sustainable management of salmon stocks subjected to AMR. Additional
Quantifying errors in coral-based ENSO estimates: Toward improved forward modeling of δ18O

[1] The oxygen isotopic ratio (δ18O) in tropical Pacific coral skeletons reflects past El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, but the δ18O-ENSO relationship is poorly quantified. Uncertainties arise when constructing δ18O data sets, combining records from different sites, and converting between δ18O and sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS). Here we use seasonally resolved δ18O from 1958 to 1985 at 15 tropical Pacific sites to estimate these errors and evaluate possible improvements. Observational uncertainties from Kiritimati, New Caledonia, and Rarotonga are 0.12–0.14‰, leading to errors of 8–25% on the typical δ18O variance. Multicoral syntheses using five to seven sites capture the principal components (PCs) well, but site selection dramatically influences ENSO spatial structure: Using sites in the eastern Pacific, western Pacific warm pool, and South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) captures “eastern Pacific-type” variability, while “Central Pacific-type” events are best observed by combining sites in the warm pool and SPCZ. The major obstacle to quantitative ENSO estimation is the δ18O/climate conversion, demonstrated by the large errors on both δ18O variance and the amplitude of the first principal component resulting from the use of commonly employed bivariate formulae to relate SST and SSS to δ18O. Errors likely arise from either the instrumental data used for pseudoproxy calibration or influences from other processes (δ18O advection/atmospheric fractionation, etc.). At some sites, modeling seasonal changes to these influences reduces conversion errors by up to 20%. This indicates that understanding of past ENSO dynamics using coral δ18O could be greatly advanced by improving δ18O forward models.
Regulation of key enzymes of glucose metabolism in bovine COCs

The aim of this work was to study the regulation of PFK 1 and G6PDH, two key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism in cumulus oocytecomplexes (COCs), and its relationship with the oocyte maturation process. It was observed that the activity of PFK 1 in the presence of ATP was inhibited whereas the addition of AMP increased the activity (P < 0.05). To verify the effect of the physiological modulators on the COC glycolytic pathway, the lactate production during IVM and the maturation rate were evaluated. In accordance with the enzymatic activity, the glycolytic activity evaluated by lactate production and the maturation rate diminished (P < 0.05) with the addition of ATP. While the AMP had a dose response effect on the lactate production, the maturation rate remained unaltered. It was observed that NADPH inhibited the activity of the G6PDH and the addition of NADP increased the activity of the enzyme (P < 0.05). To verify the effect of the physiological modulators on the COC pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the proportion of colourless oocytes evaluated by brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) and the maturation rate were carried out. In presence of NADPH an inhibition (P < 0.05) on PPP and maturation rate was observed. On the other hand, NADP had no effect on PPP activity and maturation rate. The present study shows that the regulation of key enzymes of glucose metabolism in bovine COCs are regulated mainly by the energetic charge and the redox status. We also reported a tight relation between the activity of the PFK 1 and G6PDH enzymes, glycolytic and PPP activities and the oocyte maturation process.