Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of feature extraction methods from user reviews for recommender systems

The Recommender systems technology is being massively exploited by e-commerce giants to enhance the shopping experience of their clients which in turn helps in improving the sales of the company. Most of the recommender systems in use today are based on Collaborative Filtering (CF) in which the known preferences of a group of users are used to make recommendations or predictions for the unknown preferences of other users. Although these ratings communicate about the quality of the product, they almost most of the times fail to express the reason behind people believing the product to be of a particular quality. This information can be inferred if analyze the information rich textual reviews written by the users. In the current work, an attempt is made to study and implement various methods described in literature, to mine the product features from the user reviews associated with the product. A comparative study is presented at the end to appreciate the performance of the methods.
Region I modifies DNA-binding domain conformation of sigma 54 within the holoenzyme.

Activation of transcription at sigma 54-dependent bacterial promoters proceeds via a mechanism that is independent of recruitment of RNA polymerase to the promoter, but is instead totally dependent on activator-driven conformational changes in the promoter-bound RNA polymerase. Understanding of the activation mechanism first requires a detailed description of the interactions taking place in the polymerase holoenzyme and closed complex. The interactions of sigma 54 with core RNA polymerase and promoter DNA were investigated using enzymatic and chemical (hydroxyl radical) protease footprinting of sigma. Regions of sigma were identified that are in direct contact with ligands, or whose conformation changes following ligand binding. A comparison of wild-type sigma and a mutant bearing a deletion of conserved Region I, which is required for response to activator proteins and regulated initiation, revealed differences in the protease sensitivity of free sigma indicating that Region I affects sigma conformation. Comparison of the holoenzyme and closed complex hydroxyl radical footprints revealed that residues of wild-type sigma protected by promoter DNA overlap, to a large extent, the residues of Region I-deleted sigma protected by core polymerase. Region I could thus modify DNA-binding by changing conformation of the DNA-binding domain of sigma 54 in a core polymerase-dependent manner. These differences can account for the modified promoter binding of the Region I-deleted sigma holoenzyme observed by DNA footprinting, and are likely of significance to the Region I-dependent activation of transcription.
BERGMANN'S RULE IN ECTOTHERMS: IS IT ADAPTIVE?

1986. Predicting body size with life history models. Bioscience 36:316-323. SCOTT, S. M. , AND H. DINGLE. 1990. Developmental programmes and adaptive syndromes in insect life-cycles. Pp. 69-85 in F Gilbert, ed. Insect life cycles: Genetics, evolution and co-ordination. Springer-Verlag, London. VAN VOORHIES, W. A. 1996. Bergmann size clines: A simple explanation for their occurrence in ectotherms. Evolution 50:12591264.
Patterns of knowing in professional practice in dealing with the abuse of older people

Abstract The abuse of older people by someone they know and should be able to trust is a complex problem that faces nurses working in aged care. From the beginning days of dealing with this social problem, a great deal has been learned about elder abuse, about victims and perpetrators and about the difficulty of working in this area. A conceptual framework of knowing, such as that developed by Barbara Carper (1978), is a valuable framework to guide knowledge organisation and utilisation in confronting cases of abuse in clinical practice. This article briefly considers Carper’s four ways of knowing to show how they can influence professional practice in general, and dealing with elder abuse in particular.
Testability analysis of co-designed systems

This paper focus on the testability analysis of co-designed data-flow specifications. The co-designed specification level implies a high level testability analysis, independent of the implementation choices. With respect to testability, the difficulties of generating test sets, detecting and diagnosing faults are discussed and estimates are proposed. A hardware modelling, based on information transfers and called the Information Transfer Graph, is adapted to the specifications. A real case study supplied by Aerospatiale illustrates all the evaluations.
N-Retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine Is the Preferred Retinoid Substrate for the Photoreceptor-specific ABC Transporter ABCA4 (ABCR)*

ABCA4, a member of the family of ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins found in rod and cone photoreceptors, has been implicated in the transport of retinoid compounds across the outer segment disk membrane following the photoactivation of rhodopsin. Mutations in the ABCA4 gene are responsible for Stargardt macular dystrophy and related retinal degenerative diseases that cause a loss in vision. To identify the retinoid substrate that interacts with ABCA4, we have isolated ABCA4 from rod outer segment disk membranes on an immunoaffinity matrix and analyzed retinoid compounds that bind to ABCA4 using high performance liquid chromatography and radiolabeling methods. When all-trans-retinal was added to ABCA4 in the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, ∼0.9 mol of N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine and 0.3 mol of all-trans-retinal were bound per mol of ABCA4 with an apparent Kd of 2–5 μm. ATP and GTP released these retinoids from ABCA4, whereas ADP, GDP, and nonhydrolyzable derivatives, adenosine 5′-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate and guanosine 5′-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate, were ineffective. One mole of N-retinyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, the reduced form of N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine, bound per mol of ABCA4, whereas 0.3 mol of all-trans-retinal were bound in the absence of phosphatidylethanolamine. No binding of all-trans-retinol to ABCA4 was observed. Our results indicate that ABCA4 preferentially binds N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine with high affinity in the absence of ATP. Our studies further suggest that ATP binding and hydrolysis induces a protein conformational change that causes N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine to dissociate from ABCA4.
Evaluation and application of the TTA-rapid method in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Abstract The objective of this study intended the application of the current technique of modified tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA)-rapid method in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCL) and reports on the clinical outcome and complications. The study material consisted of 17 male dogs of different breeds between the ages of 2-8 years, average weight of 32 kg with a diagnosed unilateral CCL rupture. Hudson Visual Analog Scale (HVAS)-Walking Test Rating, Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CPBI)-Pain Rating) were examined, and rupture of the CCL was diagnosed based on direct radiographic examination. The pre-operative evaluation of the implant to be used in TTA-Rapid technique was determined by measuring radiographic images of the CCL in dogs. Post-operative evaluation in the 1st, 2nd, and at 3 month was performed by radiographic examination, gait and pain tests. Major complications were recorded in 17.6% of the cases. Fourteen (82.4%) dogs had a good to excellent outcome 3 months after surgery. Lameness and pain assessment were performed up to 15 days prior to the operation and 1, 2, and 3 months after the TTA-Rapid technique procedure. It can be concluded that TTA-Rapid technique procedure is a fast, easy to learn and non-invasive treatment of CrCL ruptures in dogs.
Interpreting a genetic case-control finding: What can be said, what cannot be said and implications in Indian populations

Identification of genetic variants responsible for complex disorders using association mapping is an active area of research. There are two broad classes of association methodologies: population-based case-control studies and family-based transmission analyses. While case-control analyses are more popular and in general, more powerful than family-based analyses, they suffer from some inherent limitations. Thus, it is of importance, to understand the implications of an association finding obtained from a case-control study design. This article discusses the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two classes of association analyses, particularly in the context of genetic diversity in Indian populations.
Using 99mTc-DTPA Radioaerosol Inhalation Lung Scintigraphies to Detect the Lung Injury Induced by Consuming Sauropus androgynus Vegetable and Comparison with Conventional Pulmonary Function Tests

Consuming Sauropus androgynus, a Malaysian plant, to reduce body weight began to become fashionable in Taiwan in 1994. According to some reports, people consuming this vegetable developed lung injuries. From July to November 1995, there were 81 nonsmoking women admitted to our hospital. Thirty-six cases had respiratory symptoms/signs and the remaining 45 had no symptoms/signs. We investigated these patients with pulmonary function tests (PFT) and technetium-99m DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphies (DTPA lung scan), a test to evaluate the lung ventilation and alveolar epithelial permeability. Eighteen patients had abnormal results in PFT, including obstructive type (n = 17), restrictive type (n = 5), and both (n = 4). There were 33 patients with abnormalities in DTPA lung scans, including unhomogeneous deposition of DTPA radioaerosols (n = 19), faster clearance of radioaerosols from lung (n = 26), and both (n = 12). Analyzing the results, we found that the patients with respiratory symptoms had a higher incidence of abnormal results of PFT and DTPA lung scans than the patients without respiratory symptoms (p < 0.05). Besides, we found that the DTPA lung scan was more sensitive than chest x-ray and PFT in detecting the lung injuries related to the consumption of S. androgynus (p < 0.05). Consuming S. androgynus can result in symptomatic or asymptomatic lung injuries, manifested as obstructive or restrictive ventilatory impairment, unhomogeneous radioaerosol distribution, and increased alveolar epithelial permeability. In addition, measurement of the 99mTc-DTPA clearance is the most sensitive test to detect the lung injuries caused by consuming S. androgynus.
High Performance Computing on Fast Lock Delay Locked Loop with Low Power State and Simultanoeus Switching Noise Reduction

Problem statement: In any multimedia processor, controller may consume most of the on- chip memory resources. The memory requirement is directly depends on algorithm shared by different blocks, so leads to failure in the system models. Approach: This study presents the implementation of DLL unit used for memory optimization. Various aspects of the underlying coarse lock detector are explored and modifications are made with software r eference implementation. The whole system is implemented in 0.18 µm CMOS technology, where an input reference clock to an outgoing data clock monitors and true locking is initialized with 50% d uty cycle correction. Results: From the measurement result of DLL operation, the output clo ck jitter is analyzed. Power consumption of DLL including large size output buffer is about few mW. Conclusion: The great challenge in this implementation is communication bandwidth, has brought to process variation and power state reduction techniques. In addition, inefficiency of computing capacity and simultaneous switching noise is reduced in the real time applications.
Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change: advances in long–distance migrants, delays in short–distance migrants

As a response to increasing spring temperature in temperate regions in recent years, populations of many plant and animal species, including migratory birds, have advanced the seasonal start of their reproduction or growth. However, the effects of climate changes on subsequent events of the annual cycle remain poorly understood. We investigated long–term changes in the timing of autumn migration in birds, a key event in the annual cycle limiting the reproductive period. Using data spanning a 42–year period, we analysed long–term changes in the passage of 65 species of migratory birds through Western Europe. The autumn passage of migrants wintering south of the Sahara has advanced in recent years, presumably as a result of selection pressure to cross the Sahel before its seasonal dry period. In contrast, migrants wintering north of the Sahara have delayed autumn passage. In addition, species with a variable rather than a fixed number of broods per year have delayed passage, possibly because they are free to attempt more broods. Recent climate changes seem to have a simple unidirectional effect on the seasonal onset of reproduction, but complex and opposing effects on the timing of subsequent events in the annual cycle, depending on the ecology and life history of a species. This complicates predictions of overall effects of global warming on avian communities.
Clinical Factors Associated With Resistance to Microvascular Complications in Diabetic Patients of Extreme Disease Duration

Duration of diabetes and degree of hyperglycemia have consistently been identified as predictors of retinopathy and nephropathy (1–6). Multiple studies have concluded that nearly all individuals with type 1 diabetes will develop some level of retinopathy within 20 years of diagnosis (2,4,5,7,8). However, the study by Bain et al. (9) described the Golden Years study group of type 1 diabetic patients with ≥50 years of diabetes duration who appeared to be protected against nephropathy and large vessel disease but not against retinopathy. However, the associations of glycemic control, duration of disease, and vascular complications were not evaluated (9). This report characterizes the prevalence of complications and associated risk factors in a large number of individuals who have been insulin dependent for ≥50 years. The 50-Year Medal Program of the Joslin Diabetes Center (JDC) was initiated to recognize JDC or non-JDC patients who survived ≥50 years with type 1 diabetes. This was documented by either medical record or family report. This was a survey-based cross-sectional study of subjects living in the U.S. who were awarded the Joslin Medal between 1997 and 2003. The Committee on Human Subjects at the JDC approved this study. The patients were questioned regarding the presence and absence of eye, kidney, and peripheral neuropathy. ### Clinical validation of retinopathy Self-reported retinopathy was validated by comparing retinal clinical examination and fundus photography (seven-standard field), in a subset ( n = 92, 28%) of the 326 subjects, to the questionnaire, with the worse eye used for analysis. Grading was performed by two experienced ophthalmologists and discrepancies adjudicated by consensus. Descriptive analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (version 8.2; SAS, Cary, NC). The Cochran-Armitage test was used to test for trends of categorical …
Carbon Nanotube-Based Dual-Gated Junctionless Field-Effect Transistor for Acetylcholine Detection

A compact n-type carbon nanotube (CNT)-based junctionless field-effect transistor (FET) for acetylcholine detection has been fabricated by integrating chitosan/nickel oxide as sensing membrane with CNTFET using chemical solution process. To improve the sensing performances higher than Nernstian, dual-gated junctionless CNTFET has been considered here. Electrical response has been carried out after immobilization of acetylcholine esterase using digital multimeter in presence of phosphate buffer saline of 50 mM and pH 7 in a glass pot. Experimental results show good linearity for acetylcholine concentration from 0.01 to 0.2 mM and improved sensitivity of 1.25 V/decade at room temperature. Limit of detection and Michaelis-Menten constant have been found to be 0.37 μM and 0.2 mM, respectively. Insignificant interference observed while the sensor was tested with other clinical parameters.
Cis-regulatory properties of medaka synexpression groups

During embryogenesis, tissue specification is triggered by the expression of a unique combination of developmental genes and their expression in time and space is crucial for successful development. Synexpression groups are batteries of spatiotemporally co-expressed genes that act in shared biological processes through their coordinated expression. Although several synexpression groups have been described in numerous vertebrate species, the regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate their common complex expression pattern remain to be elucidated. Here we performed a pilot screen on 560 genes of the vertebrate model system medaka (Oryzias latipes) to systematically identify synexpression groups and investigate their regulatory properties by searching for common regulatory cues. We find that synexpression groups share DNA motifs that are arranged in various combinations into cis-regulatory modules that drive co-expression. In contrast to previous assumptions that these genes are located randomly in the genome, we discovered that genes belonging to the same synexpression group frequently occur in synexpression clusters in the genome. This work presents a first repertoire of synexpression group common signatures, a resource that will contribute to deciphering developmental gene regulatory networks.
Optimizing secondary prevention of cervical cancer: Recent advances and future challenges

Although human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines offer enormous promise for the ultimate control and possible elimination of cervical cancer, barriers to uptake and coverage of the vaccine both in high‐ and low/middle‐income settings mean that advances in secondary prevention continue to be essential to prevent unnecessary deaths and suffering from cervical cancer for decades to come. While cytology (the Pap smear) has reduced cervical cancer incidence and prevalence in jurisdictions where it has been systematically implemented in population‐based programs—mainly in high‐income settings—limitations inherent to this method, and to program delivery, leave many women still vulnerable to cervical cancer. Recent evidence has confirmed that screening based on HPV testing prevents more invasive cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, and offers innovative options such as self‐collection of specimens to improve screening uptake broadly. In this paper, we review key advances, future opportunities, and ongoing challenges for secondary prevention of cervical cancer using HPV‐based testing.
Characterization of municipal wastewater in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia : carbon , nitrogen and phosphorus

This study aimed to characterize the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus components in the municipal wastewater in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The detailed characterization data would be useful for the upcoming establishment of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes in Malaysia. Municipal wastewater samples were collected from two sewage treatment plants (STP A and STP B) for a period of 10 weeks and analysed for total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), acetate, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate (PO4). The average influent TCOD, sCOD and TP for STP A were, respectively, 381 mg/L, 105 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L, whereas they were 301 mg/L, 126 mg/L, and 3.3 mg/L for STP B. Similar average influent concentration was detected for NH4-N and PO4-P in both STPs, that was 20 mg/L and 1.1 mg/L respectively. The calculated ratio of COD/TP, COD/TN, and TP/TN supported the treatability of municipal wastewater by EBPR process. The presence of acetate in the influent is also an advantage for the efficient operation of EBPR.
Generalizations of Boolean imaging operations to the continuous-tone domain

In black-and-white printing the page image can be represented within a computer as an array of binary values indicating whether or not pixels should be inked. The Boolean operators of AND, OR, and EXCLUSIVE-OR are often used when adding new objects to the image array. For color printing the page may be represented as an array of "continuous-tone" color values, and the generalization of these logic functions to gray-scale or full-color images is, in general, not defined or understood. When incrementally composing a page image, new colors can replace old in an image buffer, or new colors and old can be combined according to some mixing function to form a composite color, which is stored. This paper examines the properties of the Boolean operations and suggests full-color functions thatpreserve the desired properties. These functions can be used to combine colored images in ways that preserve information about object shapes when the shapes overlap. The relationships between the proposed functions and physical models of color mixing are also discussed.
Rumen microorganisms and fermentation Microorganismos y fermentación ruminal

El rumen es un ecosistema complejo donde los nutrientes consumidos por los rumiantes son digeridos mediante un proceso de fermentación realizado por los microorganismos ruminales (bacterias, protozoos y hongos). Dichos microorganismos están en simbiosis, debido a su capacidad de adaptación e interacción, y mientras el rumiante proporciona el ambiente necesario para su establecimiento estos proporcionan energía al animal, la que proviene de los productos finales de la fermentación. Dentro del rumen, los microorganismos coexisten en un entorno reducido y a un pH cercano a la neutralidad. Estos microorganismos fermentan los sustratos presentes en la dieta del rumiante (azúcares, proteínas y lípidos). Sin embargo, el proceso de fermentación no es 100% eficaz, ya que durante la fermentación existen pérdidas de energía, principalmente en forma de gas metano (CH4), el que representa un problema medioambiental, ya que es un gas de efecto invernadero. Por consiguiente, para mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas de producción de rumiantes se han establecido estrategias nutricionales que tienen como objetivo manipular la fermentación ruminal mediante el uso de aditivos en la dieta, como monensina, sebo, tampones, compuestos de nitrógeno, probióticos, etc. Estos aditivos permiten cambiar el proceso de fermentación y mejorar la eficiencia animal, además disminuyen la pérdida de energía. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los procesos fermentativos que tienen lugar en el rumen y aplicar los fundamentos de estos en el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias nutricionales que pudieran ayudar a mejorar los procesos de digestión, de manera que se alcance una máxima producción.
Fermented pig liquid feed: nutritional, safety and regulatory aspects

Fermented liquid feed has been lately much investigated in order to compensate the use of antibiotics in pig production. The fermentation process has been claimed to be the reason of the benefits associated with this type of feeding. However, contradictory results have been obtained in feeding trials due to the variable conditions in each experiment. This review focuses on the different factors that would ensure a proper fermentation with all its beneficial effects. In particular, while fermenting a liquid diet with lactic acid bacteria has been shown to improve the quality of feed and to be beneficial to the health of the animals, spontaneously fermented liquid feed appears to be unsafe for the pigs and eventually affects the consumers’ safety. Consequently, the use of specific starters or inoculants to ensure the proper fermentation could be a practical solution. The regulatory status of fermented liquid feed in the EU is still unclear, but the use of specific inoculants could be considered as a special case of microbial feed additives.