Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bad Choices Make Good Stories: The Impaired Decision-Making Process and Skin Conductance Response in Subjects With Smartphone Addiction

Introduction: Smartphone Addiction (SA) has caused negative consequences and functional impairments in college students, such as reduction of academic performance and impairment in sleep quality. Studies have shown that individuals with chemical and behavioral dependencies have a bias in decision-making process, which leads to short-term advantageous choices even if they cause long-term harm. This bias in decision-making process is accompanied by a change in somatic markers and is associated with the development and maintenance of addictive behavior. The decision-making process and the measurement of physiological parameters have not yet been analyzed in SA. The neuropsychological and physiological characterization of the SA can contribute to its approach with the other dependency syndromes and to its recognition as a disease. Objective: we aimed to evaluate the decision-making process under risk and under ambiguity in individuals with SA and to measure the physiological parameters that accompany this process. Method: We compared the performance in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Game of Dice Task (GDT) and skin conductance response (SCR) between 50 individuals with SA and 50 controls. Results: Smartphone dependents presented a profile of impairment in decision-making under ambiguity, without impairment in decision-making under risk. They demonstrated lower SCR before disadvantageous choices, higher SCR after rewards and lower SCR after punishments during decision-making, which suggests difficulty in recognizing disadvantageous alternatives, high sensitivity to rewards, and low sensitivity to punishments. Conclusion: The impairment in the decision-making process in smartphone dependents is similar to that found in other chemical and behavioral addictions, such as alcohol addiction, gambling disorders and pathological buy. The impairment in decision under ambiguity with preservation of decision under risk may reflect dysfunction of implicit emotional processes without dysfunction of explicit cognitive process. This profile can contribute to the recognition of SA as a behavioral dependence and to guide specific preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Antibrowning Compounds for Minimally Processed Potatoes: A Review

ABSTRACT This review covers some recent advances in browning prevention in minimally processed potatoes (MPP). Polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1, PPO) is one of the main enzymes involved in browning of potatoes. Antibrowning agents are used in combination with other compounds and techniques to reduce browning such as physical treatments with modified atmospheres and cold temperatures in processing and storage. Due to increasing concerns involving toxicity from various traditional food preservatives, this review focuses on studies involving substances that have different mechanisms to control browning. These substances include reducing agents, acidulants, chelating agents, enzyme inhibitors, complexing agents or others, such as Maillard reaction products and natural extracts.
Food Webs and Trophic Cascades in Lakes

The progressive anthropogenic eutrophication, the uncontrolled introduction of exotic fish species, and the lack of conservation and management strategies are highlighted as the main causes explaining the long-term changes in water biological quality in freshwater ponds and their surrounding aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Experimental evidence shows that fish direct and indirect effects on lake food web lead to algal growths and increased turbidity and nutrients concentration in fish-added treatments. Consequently, submerged macrophytes and epiphytic algae usually decline at increasing nutrient levels. Additionally, many freshwater fishes exhibit a generalist diet with an important contribution of non-planktonic components, and ontogenic shift towards bentho-detritivory has been observed in several species. Field studies on the feeding ecology of both endemic and introduced taxa show that demographic changes and facultative predation influence food webs in freshwater ponds by both direct predation and indirect effects (sediment bioturbation and excretion), however, cascading effects caused by introduced fish species may be more relevant for the food webs in certain bioclimates, e.g. Mediterranean shallow ponds and wetlands, where almost no piscivorous species are recorded and, in general, omnivorous species dominate independently of lake trophic state. Thus, the role of direct and indirect effects of fishes and the importance of their dietary features are stressed as key factors for understanding the causes that control the trophic status of freshwater ponds. Fishes affect biodiversity, quality and water transparency. Restoration of eutrophic ponds must involve control of nutrient inputs and fish communities, with adequate policies for fish and plant management and conservation. * E-24071 León (Spain)E-mail: sblal@unileon.es
Interrogating school leaders’ conceptions of leadership and accountability

The paper investigates prevalent understandings about leadership and accountability held by school leaders, and supported by artifacts such as school leadership policies, job descriptions and appraisal systems. It interrogates the inextricable relationship between leadership and accountability and the underlying assumptions inherent within dominant conceptions. Underpinning the paper is the belief that the way we talk and think about leadership and accountability, influences the way they are enacted. The Australian research from which the paper emanates demonstrates that there are many contradictory conceptions about leadership currently in circulation. Data from principals and business officials produced the same results, reinforcing the predominance of un-theorized or under-theorized notions of what leadership is, who leaders are, how accountability should be calibrated and who should be held to account. This likely confounds and confuses efforts in practice while definitions and assumptions surrounding such common concepts as leadership and accountability are rarely put under the microscope. Participants in the Australian research found value in being provoked to think about and express their beliefs and understandings, while being challenged to ‘re-think’ some of the taken-for-granted aspects of educational theory, practice and praxis. The paper concludes by questioning how hegemonic conceptions and assumptions serve educational leaders and whether alternative conceptions, evident more in research and leadership literature than practice, would provide a more sustainable stance for educational institutions in dynamic and uncertain times.
The Tonkin weakfish, Cynoscion similis (Sciaenidae, Perciformes), an endemic species of the Amazonas-Orinoco Plume

ABSTRACT Despite its importance in biogeographical, ecological, and commercial terms, the fish fauna of the northern Brazilian coast is still poorly known, representing the least sampled portion of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. We collected Tonkin weakfish, Cynoscion similis specimens during extensive surveys of the northern Brazilian coast and concluded that C. similis is common in this region. While the species had not previously been reported for the northern Brazilian state of Pará, it may have been recorded in studies of industrial fisheries, being identified only as Cynoscion sp. or by the common name pescada negra. This reinforces the need for the reliable taxonomical identification of species, to guarantee the collection of accurate data on ecology and fisheries, and ultimately, support the development of effective conservation strategies. Here we provide additional morphological and molecular data to distinguish Cynoscion similis from the closely related Cynoscion jamaicensis, and other congeners.
Evans Functions and Bifurcations of Standing Wave Fronts ofA Nonlinear System of Reaction Diffusion Equations

Consider the following nonlinear system of reaction diffusion equations arising from mathematical neuroscience ∂u ∂t = ∂ u ∂x2 + α[βH(u− θ) − u] − w, ∂w ∂t = ε(u−γw). Also consider the nonlinear scalar reaction diffusion equation ∂u ∂t = ∂ u ∂x2 + α[βH(u − θ) − u]. In these model equations, α > 0, β > 0, γ > 0, ε > 0 and θ > 0 are positive constants, such that 0 < 2θ < β. In the model equations, u = u(x, t) represents the membrane potential of a neuron at position x and time t, w = w(x, t) represents the leaking current, a slow process that controls the excitation. The main purpose of this paper is to couple together linearized stability criterion (the equivalence of the nonlinear stability, the linear stability and the spectral stability of the standing wave fronts) and Evans functions (complex analytic functions) to establish the existence, stability, instability and bifurcations of standing wave fronts of the nonlinear system of reaction diffusion equations and to establish the existence and stability of the standing wave fronts of the nonlinear scalar reaction diffusion equation.
An alternative approach using integrated gamma‐ray and geochemical data to estimate the inputs to subduction zones from ODP Leg 185, Site 801

The goal of the subduction factory project is to obtain a better understanding of processes occurring at convergent margins and performs mass balance calculations for tracer elements. As part of this project, a major objective of ODP Leg 185 is to determine the chemical composition of the inputs to the West Pacific Subduction Factory for use in calculations of elemental mass balance across the subduction zone. To understand such elemental budgets, it is critical to know the lithological diversity and chemical characteristics of the down going oceanic plate. Hole 801C, located ocean‐ward of the Mariana island arc system, is the most complete section of old oceanic crust sampled to date but, core recovery in basement holes is often poor (e.g., <30%) resulting in a bias such that the less altered material is preferentially recovered. Integration of drilled cores and downhole wire line logging data was performed to reconstruct a complete section of the drilled basement. Furthermore we integrate gamma ray logging data with the geochemical analyses of recovered cores to estimate the average composition, in terms of potassium and uranium, of the volcanic section in Hole 801C. We used FMS (Formation MicroScanner) images to relocate the samples with respect to the logging depth and to directly compare the logging data and the geochemical data. We demonstrate that the logging tool is well calibrated for K and U in the basement and that differences observed between K2O and U contents measured by the tool and by geochemistry are strongly dependent on the nature of the samples. The average K2O concentration of Hole 801C basement section is 0.34 wt. % using core‐derived proportions, 0.51 wt. % using log‐derived proportions and 0.47 wt. % using the gamma ray data. In the same manner the average U concentrations are respectively 0.34 ppm, 0.39 ppm and 0.42–0.5 ppm. This implies that K and U budgets recycled in the Mariana subduction zone are 20–50% higher than previously reported. These results demonstrate that a careful core‐log‐geochemical integration is essential to accurately estimate the composition of a drilled section and in order to better constraint chemical fluxes into subduction zones.
Cloud-Based Autonomous Indoor Navigation: A Case Study

This study designs, integrates and implements a cloud-enabled autonomous robotic navigation system. The system has the following features: map generation and robot coordination via cloud service and video streaming to allow online monitoring and control in case of emergency. The system has been tested to generate a map for a long corridor using two modes: manual and autonomous. The autonomous mode has shown more accurate map. In addition, the field experiments confirm the benefit of offloading the heavy computation to the cloud by significantly shortening the time required to build the map.
Escherichia coli Metabolite Profiling Leads to the Development of an RNA Interference Strain for Caenorhabditis elegans

The relationship of genotypes to phenotypes can be modified by environmental inputs. Such crucial environmental inputs include metabolic cues derived from microbes living together with animals. Thus, the analysis of genetic effects on animals’ physiology can be confounded by variations in the metabolic profile of microbes. Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to distinct bacterial strains and species exhibit phenotypes different at cellular, developmental, and behavioral levels. Here we reported metabolomic profiles of three Escherichia coli strains, B strain OP50, K-12 strain MG1655, and B-K-12 hybrid strain HB101, as well as different mitochondrial and fat storage phenotypes of C. elegans exposed to MG1655 and HB101 vs. OP50. We found that these metabolic phenotypes of C. elegans are not correlated with overall metabolic patterning of bacterial strains, but their specific metabolites. In particular, the fat storage phenotype is traced to the betaine level in different bacterial strains. HT115 is another K-12 E. coli strain that is commonly utilized to elicit an RNA interference response, and we showed that C. elegans exposed to OP50 and HT115 exhibit differences in mitochondrial morphology and fat storage levels. We thus generated an RNA interference competent OP50 (iOP50) strain that can robustly and consistently knockdown endogenous C. elegans genes in different tissues. Together, these studies suggest the importance of specific bacterial metabolites in regulating the host’s physiology and provide a tool to prevent confounding effects when analyzing genotype-phenotype interactions under different bacterial backgrounds.
Human Proteome Project Mass Spectrometry Data Interpretation Guidelines 3.0

The Human Proteome Organization’s (HUPO) Human Proteome Project (HPP) developed Mass Spectrometry (MS) Data Interpretation Guidelines that have been applied since 2016. These guidelines have helped ensure that the emerging draft of the complete human proteome is highly accurate and with low numbers of false-positive protein identifications. Here, we describe an update to these guidelines based on consensus-reaching discussions with the wider HPP community over the past year. The revised 3.0 guidelines address several major and minor identified gaps. We have added guidelines for emerging data independent acquisition (DIA) MS workflows and for use of the new Universal Spectrum Identifier (USI) system being developed by the HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI). In addition, we discuss updates to the standard HPP pipeline for collecting MS evidence for all proteins in the HPP, including refinements to minimum evidence. We present a new plan for incorporating MassIVE-KB into the HPP pipeline for the next (HPP 2020) cycle in order to obtain more comprehensive coverage of public MS data sets. The main checklist has been reorganized under headings and subitems and related guidelines have been grouped. In sum, Version 2.1 of the HPP MS Data Interpretation Guidelines has served well and this timely update to version 3.0 will aid the HPP as it approaches its goal of collecting and curating MS evidence of translation and expression for all predicted ∼20,000 human proteins encoded by the human genome.
P 2 . 48 COUPLING MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATIONS TO CLOUD PARAMETERIZATIONS

Simulation of cloud dynamics and microphysics is complex. Consider the relatively simple problem of drizzle evolution in marine stratocumulus clouds. Drizzle production is greatest in parts of cloud where cloud water mixing ratio, rc, is highest (all else being equal). Relatedly, the mean rc may not be as relevant to mean drizzle production as the value of rc in the moistest parts of cloud. This is an impediment for numerical models, which often use grid box means. More generally, two common complicating features of microphysical processes are that (1) they possess fine-scale variability; and (2) they are nonlinear. One method of modeling such cloud and microphysical processes is large-eddy simulation (LES). These are three-dimensional simulations that resolve the large eddies inside and outside cloud, thereby calculating r c in both moister and drier parts of cloud. However, LES models are too computationally expensive to be used to forecast weather or climate. Instead, weather and climate models use horizontal grid spacings of several kilometers or more. In these models, subgrid cloud and microphysical processes must be estimated, that is, parameterized (Arakawa 2004). This parameterization problem is formidable. We desire a layer-cloud parameterization that is general in at least three respects. First, although the focus of this paper is stratocumulus, we desire a cloud parameterization that works equally well for other boundary layer cloud types, such as cumulus or cumulus-rising-intostratocumulus. Second, we desire a cloud parameterization that allows us to model a wide variety of microphysical processes, including drop formation, growth, and fallspeed, but also other processes such as those involving ice. Third, we desire a cloud parameterization in which microphysics can interact on the subgrid scale with other processes such as turbulence and radiative transfer. For all these cloud types and physical processes, we need a consistent method to handle subgrid variability. One method for handling subgrid variability is the assumed probability density function (PDF) method. This method predicts the joint PDF of relevant fields within each grid box and timestep. The single-column model (SCM) of Golaz et al. (2002) and Larson and Golaz
Investors’ Valuation for Asset Liquidity and the Corporate-Treasury Yield Spread

The present study seeks to contribute to the explanation of the non-default component within corporate-U.S. Treasury yield spreads. This is done by extending the model by Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen (2012), assuming that investors value not only U.S. Treasuries' liquidity but instead value liquidity independently from the underlying asset. For that purpose I modify a standard asset pricing model by allowing certain groups of assets to directly contribute to investor's utility. Empirical tests of the model's implications confirm this view and show that changes in the holdings of most liquid assets cause a stronger impact on corporate-Treasury yield spreads compared to changes in the holdings of least liquid assets. Finding this systematic pattern, points to the existence of a demand function for liquidity. Further, I provide evidence that changes in the holdings of liquid assets are priced separately from commonly used controls for credit default risk, as well as from controls measuring an asset's market liquidity.
Thin Film Morphologies of Block Copolymers Complexed with Wedge-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Amphiphilic Molecules

Wedge-shaped molecules with a sulfonic group at the tip have been incorporated into a poly(2- vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P2VP-b-PEO) diblock copolymer via proton transfer at different degrees of neutralization. The protonation of P2VP was monitored by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thin film morphology of the complexed block copolymers has been studied by scanning force microscopy and X-ray reflectivity. The complexes exhibit strongly microphase-segregated patterns comprising smectic layers of the complexed P2VP blocks, oriented parallel to the substrate throughout the whole film with the embedded PEO domains. For the complex with a degree of neutralization of 0.50 ordered amorphous PEO cylinders are observed oriented perpendicular to the substrate. For a degree of neutralization equal to 0.25 initially also perpendicular PEO cylinders are formed, but upon solvent-vapor annealing they partially merge, resulting in a mixed lamellar-cylindrical morphology. In all cases an extra surface layer is formed at the substrate. Thus, for the first time we have demonstrated that a block copolymer thin film structure can easily be controlled by the degree of neutralization of one of the blocks.
Causally Investigating Cortical Dynamics and Signal Processing by Targeting Natural System Attractors With Precisely Timed (Electrical) Stimulation

Electrical stimulation is a promising tool for interacting with neuronal dynamics to identify neural mechanisms that underlie cognitive function. Since effects of a single short stimulation pulse typically vary greatly and depend on the current network state, many experimental paradigms have rather resorted to continuous or periodic stimulation in order to establish and maintain a desired effect. However, such an approach explicitly leads to forced and “unnatural” brain activity. Further, continuous stimulation can make it hard to parse the recorded activity and separate neural signal from stimulation artifacts. In this study we propose an alternate strategy: by monitoring a system in realtime, we use the existing preferred states or attractors of the network and apply short and precise pulses in order to switch between those states. When pushed into one of its attractors, one can use the natural tendency of the system to remain in such a state to prolong the effect of a stimulation pulse, opening a larger window of opportunity to observe the consequences on cognitive processing. To elaborate on this idea, we consider flexible information routing in the visual cortex as a prototypical example. When processing a stimulus, neural populations in the visual cortex have been found to engage in synchronized gamma activity. In this context, selective signal routing is achieved by changing the relative phase between oscillatory activity in sending and receiving populations (communication through coherence, CTC). In order to explore how perturbations interact with CTC, we investigate a network of interneuronal gamma (ING) oscillators composed of integrate-and-fire neurons exhibiting similar synchronization and signal routing phenomena. We develop a closed-loop stimulation paradigm based on the phase-response characteristics of the network and demonstrate its ability to establish desired synchronization states. By measuring information content throughout the model, we evaluate the effect of signal contamination caused by the stimulation in relation to the magnitude of the injected pulses and intrinsic noise in the system. Finally, we demonstrate that, up to a critical noise level, precisely timed perturbations can be used to artificially induce the effect of attention by selectively routing visual signals to higher cortical areas.
Optimal Caching and Opportunistic Caching at “ The Edge ” of Information-Centric Networks Permalink

A formal framework is presented for the characterization of cache allocation models in Information-Centric Networks (ICN). The framework is used to compare the performance of optimal caching everywhere in an ICN with opportunistic caching of content only near its consumers. This comparison is made using the independent reference model adopted in all prior studies, as well as a new model that captures nonstationary reference locality in space and time. The results obtained analytically and from simulations show that optimal caching throughout an ICN and opportunistic caching at the edge routers of an ICN perform comparably the same. In addition, caching content opportunistically only near its consumers is shown to outperform the traditional on-path caching approach assumed in most ICN architectures in an unstructured network with arbitrary topology represented as a random geometric graph.