Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status of Thamnophis sirtalis in Chihuahua, Mexico (Reptilia: Colubridae)

This is a study of the populations of Thamnophis sirtalis that occur in Chihuahua, Mexico, and the adjoining U.S. state of New Mexico. Reference is made to previous studies deahng with geographical and systematic relationships. Additional data are provided for the New Mexico subspecies (dorsalis), and the relationship of T. s. parietalis to the New Mexico population is discussed. The Chihuahua population is described as a new subspecies. During the summer of 1899, Nelson and Goldman collected a specimen oiThamnophis sirtalis in north central Chihuahua. It was reported by Goldman (1951) to have been collected at Casas Grandes. Smith (1942) examined the specimen (USNM 46371) and referred it to the subspecies Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (Say 1823). Smith's examination of this female specimen provides the following characters: scale rows 19-19-17, ventrals 152, tail incomplete, supralabials 7-7, infralabials 10-11, preoculars 1-1, and postoculars 3-3. It is further stated that the spots in the upper row are fused together, with those in the lower row confluent with the upper row but not with each other, and with spaces between
Perceived Influence of Information and Communication Technology on Clinical Service Delivery among Caregivers and Patients in Makurdi Metropolis

This study investigated the perceived influence of information and communication technology on clinical service delivery among caregivers and patients in Makurdi metropolis. The study employed a survey method where two hundred and thirty two (232) participants consisting of 144(62.2%) males and 88 (37.9%) females with ages ranging from 16-58 years participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of two sections was used to collect data from the participants. Findings from the hypotheses indicated that, there was a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery and disease diagnosis in Makurdi metropolis r (230df) =-. 001, P >. 05 one-tailed. There was a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery and disease prognosis in Makurdi metropolis r (229df) = -. 023, P > . 05 one tailed. There was a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery in reducing the severity of errors in disease diagnosis and prognosis in Makurdi metropolis r (229 df) = . 042, P> . 05 one-tailed. There was a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery in improving the quality and speed of clinical service delivery in Makurdi metropolis r (229 df) = -. 030, P> . 05 one-tailed. These findings were discussed within the framework of ICT in Nigeria bearing in mind its influence on the general population. The study recommended that government and private practitioners should train their staff on ICT usage and not to lay them off. The study also recommended that more researches should be conducted in the study area for further identification of the long term solution of problems of ICT usage using larger sample sizes. On policy basis, it was therefore recommended that government should support the development of ICT in Nigerian hospitals with a separate remit and budget from the health ministry. Keywords: Information and communication technology, clinical service delivery, caregiver, patients, Makurdi metropolis.
Ambisonic Decoding with Panning-Invariant Loudness on Small Layouts (AllRAD2)

On ITU BS.2051 surround with height loudspeaker layouts, Ambisonic panning is practice-proof, when using AllRAD decoders involving imaginary loudspeaker insertion and downmix. And yet on the 4+5+0 layout, this still yields a loudness difference of nearly 3 dB when comparing sounds panned to the front with such panned to the back. AllRAD linearly superimposes a series of two panning functions, optimally sampled Ambisonics and VBAP. Both are perfectly energy-preserving and therefore do not cause the loudness differences themselves, but their linear superposition does. In this contribution we present and analyze a new AllRAD2 approach that achieves decoding of constant loudness by (i) superimposing the squares of both panning functions, and (ii) calculating the equivalent linear decoder of the square root thereof.
Movement of outbreak populations of mountain pine beetle: influences of spatiotemporal patterns and climate

Insect outbreaks exert landscape-level influences, yet quantifying the relative contributions of various exogenous and endogenous factors that contribute to their pattern and spread remains elusive. We examine an outbreak of mountain pine beetle covering an 800 thousand ha area on the Chilcotin Plateau of British Columbia, Canada, during the 1970s and early 1980s. We present a model that incorporates the spatial and temporal arrangements of outbreaking insect populations, as well as various climatic factors that influence insect development. Onsets of eruptions of mountain pine beetle demonstrated landscape-level synchrony. On average, the presence of outbreaking populations was highly correlated with outbreaking populations within the nearest 18 km the same year and local populations within 6 km in the previous two years. After incorporating these spatial and temporal dependencies, we found that increasing temperatures contributed to explaining outbreak probabilities during this 15 yr outbreak. During collapse years, landscape-level synchrony declined while local synchrony values remained high, suggesting that in some areas host depletion was contributing to population decline. Model forecasts of outbreak propensity one year in advance at a 12 by 12 km scale provided 80% accuracy over the landscape, and never underestimated the occurrence of locally outbreaking populations. This model provides a flexible approach for linking temperature and insect population dynamics to spatial spread, and complements existing decision support tools for resource managers.
An integrative approach to understanding the pest and disease threats to agricultural biosecurity under future climates.

Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Australia jo.luck@dpi.vic. gov.au, b Co-operative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, c Future Farming Systems Research, Department of Primary Industries Victoria.CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, CSIRO Plant Industries, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, CSIRO Entomology, 120 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068.
Development of fluorescence-based techniques for quantitative measurements of combustion species

The work presented in this thesis covers how laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) can be used to determine quantitative species concentrations in different combustion environments. To attain species concentrations with LIF it is of vital importance to investigate the influence of collisional quenching on the fluorescence signal strength, which can be done by measuring the fluorescence lifetime. A method for simultaneous measurements of fluorescence lifetimes of two species present along a line is described and discussed. The experimental setup is based on picosecond laser pulses from a dual optical parametric generator/amplifier (OPG/OPA) system tuned to excite two different species, whose fluorescence signals are detected with a streak camera. The concept is demonstrated for fluorescence lifetime measurements of CO and OH in laminar methane/air flames on a Bunsen-type burner. The measured one-dimensional lifetime profiles generally agree well with lifetimes calculated from quenching cross sections found in the literature and quencher concentrations predicted by the GRI 3.0 chemical mechanism. For OH there is a systematic deviation of ~30% between calculated and experimental lifetimes in the product zone. It is found that this discrepancy is mainly due to the adiabatic assumption regarding the flame and uncertainty in H2O quenching cross section. The second technique, i.e. PF-LIF, is used to study H2O2 and HO2, which both are molecules lacking accessible bound excited states. Here, a pump laser pulse of 266-nm wavelength dissociates the molecules into OH fragments, which after a short time delay (nanosecond time scale), are probed with LIF using a second laser pulse tuned to an OH absorption line. PF-LIF is for the first time used for two-dimensional imaging of HO2 in laminar flames and H2O2 in an homogenous charged compression (HCCI) engine. In methane/air flames on a Bunsen-type burner, relative species concentrations of HO2, H2O2 and CH3O2 are achieved via comparison of experimental signal profiles with simulated concentrations predicted by the Konnov detailed C/H/N/O reaction mechanism. An interfering OH signal contribution is observed in the product zone and found to originate from hot CO2. In the HCCI experiments, quantitative H2O2 concentrations at different piston positions are attained via an on-line calibration procedure. In terms of mass fraction levels, the crank-angle resolved experimental data agree well with profiles resulting from simulations using the software Digital Analysis of Reaction System (DARS), while shapes and profiles deviate slightly, which mainly is due to signal interference from HO2.
Pre-diapause mating and overwintering of fertilized adult females: new aspects of the life cycle of the wing-polymorphic bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae).

New aspects of the life-cycle of the flightless wing-polymorphic bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) are described. It was found that 1.1-14.9% of the adult females of P. apterus in 11 samples collected from 4 populations in the South Bohemia had mated prior to entering diapause and their ovaries were in the pre-vitellogenic stage of development with viable sperm in their spermathecae. Some of these females successfully overwintered. The percentage of overwintering females that had been fertilized ranged from 1.1 to 7.2 % and depended on the month and year of collection. The results indicate that pre-diapause mating and overwintering of fertilized females is not unusual in populations of P. apterus in the Czech Republic and and that sperm in overwintering female survives for at least 7-8 months.
1 FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION OR REPRESSION ?

While financial liberalization has always been advocated in developing countries, experiences with it do not always produce desirable outcomes. In order to evaluate the costs and benefits associated with financial liberalization and repression, this study highlights that the overall effectiveness of the reform programs depends on the relative strength of each financial sector policy implemented. Using India as a case study, the results indicate that interest rate controls, statutory liquidity requirements and directed credit programs positively affect the level of financial development. A rise in cash reserve requirements appears to have an adverse effect on development of the financial system. The results lend some support to the argument that some form of financial restraints may help promote financial development.
Original Articles : Development of Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhancing the Bioavailability of Atorvastatin

The objective of the study was to prepare self-microeulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) incorporating atorvastatin calcium and evaluate its properties and oral bioavailability. Solubility of atorvastatin in various vehicles was determined. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the good self-emulsification region. The droplet size distributions of the resultant emulsions were determined by dynamic light scattering measurement. The mean droplet size of chosen formulation (20% ethyl oleate, 40% tween-80, 40% Carbitol(R)) was 23.4±1.3 nm. The SMEDDS incorporating atorvastatin calcium appeared to be associated with better performance in dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies, compared with raw atorvastatin calcium. In dissolution test, the release percentage of atorvastatin from SMEDDS mixture could rapidly reach more than 95% within 3 min. Oral AUC0→8(hr)values in SD rats was 1994±335 ng·hr/mL, which significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with raw atorvastatin calcium. The SMEDDS formulation was relatively stable when stored at 4˚C during 3 months. Our studies illustrated the potential use of SMEDDS for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, such as atorvastatin, by the oral route.
A Simplified Vector Based V/f method for CSI Fed 3Phase IM Drive Capable of High Performance Regulation at Wide Range of Speeds

This Paper presents a simplified computer program for the simulation of CSI fed 3Phase IM drive controlled by means of vector based V/f control method using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software. The main features of this type of simulation program are simplicity, accuracy and efficiency in terms of computation time. This simulation program can be used to verify the system design, to study system dynamic behavior and to investigate steady state waveforms of the drive system. The feasibility, reliability of the system and the validity of the control method are proved by the simulation results. The CSI drive has so many features compared to VSI drives. In addition, symmetrical GTO, when used as switching device in the CSI, makes the drive particularly suitable for implementation at medium high voltage (4160V and up) levels and also can be useful for wide range of speed control applications(from below to above rated speed).
Anti-Fatigue Effect of Aqueous Extract of Anisomeles indica (L) Kuntze in Mice

Purpose: To determine the anti-fatigue effect of Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, an herb traditionally used for health improvement in Taiwan. Methods: Three groups (n = 10 per group) of Balb/c female mice were administered A. indica aqueous extract orally for 28 days at 125 (low dose A. indica, LA), 250 (medium dose A. indica, MA), and 500 (high dose A. indica, HA) mg/kg/day, respectively, while a control group received distilled water. After 28 days, a forced swimming test was performed, and biochemical parameters including plasma triglyceride (TG), glucose, lactate and ammonia levels related to fatigue were examined. Results: No mice died during the study period. Physical examinations did not reveal any treatmentrelated adverse effects after dosing, in terms of food and water consumption. Moreover, no obvious peptic ulcers, haemorrhage, or pathological changes in the liver or kidney were observed in A. indicatreated mice, and there were no significant differences in body weight between the control and treatment groups (p > 0.05). Mice treated with A. indica extract in the MA and HA groups showed significantly prolonged exhaustive swimming time (p 0.05). Conclusion: These results provide the first in vivo evidence supporting the anti-fatigue claims associated with A. indica treatment, indicating that this traditional herb may be of therapeutic use as an ergogenic and anti-fatigue agent.
Collision Protection for IEEE 802 . 11 e Wireless LANs

Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) in IEEE 802.11 and Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) in IEEE 802.11e are contention-based access mechanism in wireless LAN. Both DCF and EDCA reduce collisions based on inter-frame space (IFS) and backoff mechanisms. However, collisions are unavoidable even with the two mechanisms. Especially, in the EDCA, collisions can be classified into interclass and intra-class collision. To eliminate interclass collision in wireless LAN, we propose an interclass collision protection (ICP) scheme by employing collision protection period (CPP) after backoff. Different number of backoff timeslots is inserted to each class. Higher class stations are allowed to transmit before lower class stations end backoff period. Analysis is performed with one dimensional discrete-time markov chain for the EDCA and proposed ICP-based EDCA. Collision probability and throughput of each channel access is examined. Throughput increase is more than doubled with reduced collision probability when the system is saturated.
A new perspective on the hydroclimate variability in northern South America during the Little Ice Age

An absolute dated speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) record from northeastern Peru documents monsoon precipitation variability over northern South America during the past that 1000 years and indicates the annual precipitation in the 15th through the 18th centuries, the so‐called Little Ice Age (LIA), was on average ∼10% higher than during the 20th century. Over the 20th century recurrent modes of seasonal rainfall variability across northern South America were associated with discrete sea surface temperature anomaly patterns within the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Calling upon these SST‐rainfall teleconnectivity patterns, and paleo‐SST reconstructions that span the past 8 centuries, higher annual rainfall across northern South America during the LIA is attributed to cooler boreal spring SSTs in the tropical North Atlantic. Weaker co‐variance between north Atlantic SSTs and the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) rainfall during the 20th century suggests that ENSO has become a more dominant influence than it was during the LIA.
ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS OF SIAHE SARDASHT GRAPES

The anthocyanins of Siahe Sardasht variety (Vitis vinifera L. var. S.S.) were extracted from freezed samples and were purified by adsorption on cationexchange resin column. Individual pigments were separated by TLC on cellulose plates. Monomeric anthocyanin content that was determined by pH-differential, was 1740.11±3.58 mgL −1 (based on malvidin 3-glucose). Five major pigments were identified by 1 H-NMR, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. All pigments were acylated with acetyl groups and three of them were acylated with malonyl groups.
The physiological response of wheat plants to exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) with endogenous ethylene under salt stress conditions

Wheat (Triticum vulgaris) plants were grown without NaCl and under salinization levels of NaCl. Salinity decreased the fresh, dry matter, water content, length and leaf area. Phytohormonal treatments with gibberellic acid (GA3) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) caused a marked increase in these parameters; GA3 was more effective than IAA. This activation was concomitant with the increase of osmotically active solutes, soluble sugars, soluble protein and amino acids. The accumulation of calcium and magnesium in root of plant treated with GA3 and in shoot of plant treated with IAA may contributed in osmotic defense systems of wheat plants. The data also reveals that ethylene production was increased in salinity treatments. Spraying wheat plants with GA3 increased the ethylene evolution while spraying with IAA decreased this evolution under salt stress conditions. Finally, it can be concluded that the GA3 or IAA regulate the disturbances of metabolities and neglicated the negative effects of the accumlation of ethylene especially in plants treated with IAA under stress conditions which in turn resulted in a pronounced alleviated the drastic effects of salt. Key words: GA3, IAA, ethylene, salinity, wheat.
SİYAH ÇAY HARMANINDA PARTİKÜL BOYUTU VE DEMLEME SÜRESİNİN DEM ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Satisa sunulan caylar, genellikle farkli ozellikteki caylarin harmanlaridir. Tuketici talepleri, fiyat, kalite ve volum agirligi gibi bazi zorunluluklar caylarin harmanlanmasi gerektirir. Bazen farkli ulke caylari da harmanda yer alabilmektedir. Bu calismada, Turkiye pazarinda yaygin bulunan siyah caylardan biri 2mm, 1.4mm, 1mm, 500µm delik caplarina sahip elek setinde partikul boyutlarina gore ayrilmis; 15, 20 ve 25 dakika sure ile geleneksel cay demleme yontemine gore demlenmistir. Demin bazi ozellikleri uzerine, partikul boyutunun ve demleme suresinin birlikte ve ayri ayri onemli etkisi olmustur ( P < 0.05, P <0.001). Nitekim, en yuksek ekstrakt verimi, toplam fenolik madde miktari ve bulaniklik degerleri 25 dakika sure ile demlenen en kucuk partikullu cayda belirlenmistir. Kafein, theaflavin (TF), thearubigin ( TR), toplam renk ve %parlaklik degeri uzerine demleme suresinin etkisi onemsiz iken, bu degerler uzerine partikul buyuklugunun onemli ( P <0.001) etkisi olmustur. Sonuclar, pazara sunulan cayin farkli kalite ozelliklerine sahip ve muhtemelen farkli menseli ulke caylarindan harmanlandigini da gostermistir.
The impact of ciguatera fish poisoning in the Pacific

Fishermen the world over have, of necessity, developed a working knowledge of the toxic nature of many marine animals: the stonefish, the stinging ray, the seasonally fatal puffers, and venomous cones to mention a few. Many of the poisons and venoms of these animals serve to protect them against predators or aid in obtaining nourishment. Another common form of intoxication in the Pacific is caused by the ingestion of a wide variety of fish, from the small, bristle-toothed surgeon fish or "maito" (Ctenochaetus striatus) of the Society Islands to the very larg.e, bottom dwelling groupers or "ata ata" (genera: Epinephelus, CephalopolisJ of the Samoas. This type of fish poisoning is known as ciguatera fish poisoning.
Differentiating the Dark Triad Within the Interpersonal Circumplex

goals included identity, whereas concr( the attainment of goods o example may be found i communication theorist. (1979) included a highe labeled "identity makin{ others labeled "instrurn tional" (e.g., Clark & Del to say, instrumental and sions map onto the agen motives of the interper respectively. The identit ∎ sponds to our identity TIE Experimental work fi social psychology corrc vational power of mean porarily undermining anxiety, which then mo tion of new meaning f (Heine, Proulx, & Vohs, individuals who encoun event are motivated to their situation. Consiste psychologists such as meaning-making quells iety of everyday life. Application to persoi researchers deal with n the level of identity (see by Singer, 2004). Indes he defined as the creatioi of an abstract integration of information about the 258 HANDBOOK OF INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY 15 • DIFFERENTIATII,
Influence of base and PAG on deprotection blur in EUV photoresists and some thoughts on shot noise

A contact-hole deprotection blur metric has been used to monitor the deprotection blur of an experimental open platform resist (EH27) as the weight percent of base and photo acid generator (PAG) were varied. A 6x increase in base weight percent is shown to reduce the size of successfully patterned 1:1 line-space features from 52 nm to 39 nm without changing deprotection blur. Corresponding isolated line-edge-roughness is reduced from 6.9 nm to 4.1 nm. A 2x increase in PAG weight percent is shown to improve 1:1 line-space patterning from 47 nm to 40 nm without changing deprotection blur or isolated LER. A discussion of improved patterning performance as related to shot noise and deprotection blur concludes with a speculation that the spatial distribution of PAG molecules has been playing some role, perhaps a dominant one, in determining the uniformity of photo generated acids in the resists that have been studied.