Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin C Level in Pregnant Women with Premature Rupture of the Membrane (PROM) and in Women with Normal Pregnancy

Abstract Objective: To compare vitamin C level in term pregnant women with PROM and in women with normal pregnancy. Method: This is a cross sectional study, research from July 2010 until June 2011. Inclusion criteria are full term pregnant women with and without PROM. After the diagnosis is confirmed as PROM, mothers blood was taken from mediana cubiti venous to check the vitamin C level and leucocytes in mothers serum. Pregnancy with complication is the exclusion criteria. Result: There were 52 subjects that fulfilled the acceptance and rejection criteria after divided into 2 groups, the 1st group was with PROM and the 2nd groups were normal. Based on the laboratory examinations, the mean of vitamin C levels in PROM groups is 0.731 ± 0.182 μg/dl and the normal groups is 0.722 ± 0.169 μg/dl, there is no significant difference (p=0.852). Leucocyte examination was done to know whether there was infection or not. The mean value from the PROM groups is 14330.77 ± 6552.90 μg/dl. And from the normal groups is 12973.08 ± 4160.24 μg/dl, there is significant difference (p=0.377). Conclusion: There is no significant difference of Vitamin C level between maternal plasma with PROM and the one without PROM. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 35-4:173-5] Keywords: PROM, normal pregnancy, vitamin C
Morbidity Patterns in Oncology Patients at FMRI, Gurgaon:A Hospital Based Study at a New Tertiary Care Institute

Objective: This study aims to analyze the patterns of morbidity amongst cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from various departments dealing in cancer care. Patient’s data were categorized according to diagnosis and place of residence. Results: A total of 1490 new cancer patients were registered. Out of these 1140 were Indians from 22 different states {males= 609 (53.4%) and females= 531 (46.6%)} and remaining 350 patients were from 27 different countries {males= 223 (63.7%) and females=127 (36.3%)}. The five most common cancer site groups amongst all males (n=832) were digestive organs (18.6%) followed by lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue (16.8%); respiratory & intrathoracic organs (14.1%); then eye, brain and other parts of central nervous system (11.4%) and lip, oral cavity and pharynx (9.5%) and in all females (n=658) the most common cancer site were breast (31.5%) followed by genital organs (17.3%); digestive organs (11.2%); lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue (9.3%) and eye, brain and other parts of nervous system (9.0%). Conclusions: The present study highlights the pattern of cancer among patients in a corporate tertiary health care institute. There is therefore an inherent bias, the leading sites of malignancies amongst Indian males and females varied from that in the Western population; this could be attributed to various cultural, environmental factors, life style, genetic factors etc. in different regions of India and different nations of the world.
European stroke strategies: current status and problems to be solved

Approximately 1 million Europeans suffer a stroke annually [1]. Stroke causes a greater loss of quality-adjusted life years than any other disease [2] and it poses a heavy economic burden on healthcare and social welfare. Owing to the change in the age structure of populations the number of new strokes is predicted to double in the next two decades [3]. Without more effective strategies for stroke prevention, treatment and rehabilitation such an increase of stroke is a human and economic nightmare. Furthermore, one in three of us will suffer stroke, become demented or both [4] if we are not better at stroke management and prevention in the future than we are today. Is it possible to concur such a formidable challenge? The problem is not the missing data. In a few other fields of medicine there are an equal amount of data based on randomized clinical trials. A more burning question is how to transfer the evidence-based stroke medicine into daily clinical practice. The European Stroke Initiative (EUSI), a joint effort of the European Stroke Council, the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the European Neurological Society, made a two-step survey. In the first survey, European stroke experts were asked what are the essential components for a comprehensive stroke center (CSC), primary stroke center (PSC) and any hospital ward (AHW) treating stroke patients. The experts reached a good level of agreement on what should be the main components for stroke-unit care [5]. The second step of the EUSI survey was executed among randomly selected European hospitals routinely treating stroke patients. This step aimed to find the proportion of hospitals providing appropriate care based on the consensus criteria of the CSC, PSC and AHW reached in the first survey [Unpublished Data]. The eight minimum components required for an AHW were in-house emergency department and staff, brain computerized tomography availability 24 h/7-days a week (24/7), priority for stroke patients, stroke-care maps for patient admission, prevention programs, stroke pathways and collaboration with an outside rehabilitation center. The necessary components for a PSC included, in addition to the above-mentioned AHW components, a multidisciplinary stroke team, stroke nurses, extracranial Doppler sonography, automated electrocardiography monitoring and intravenous recombinant-tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) protocol 24/7. For a CSC, 11 additional components in the field of vascular surgery, neurosurgery, interventional neuroradiology and clinical research were considered necessary. The second survey found a huge heterogeneity of facilities among countries: only in four countries (Finland, Luxemburg, The Netherlands and Sweden) did 25% or less of randomly selected hospitals not meet the minimum level of care, while in four countries (Estonia, France, Greece and Portugal) at least 75% of hospitals did not meet such a level.
Acral lentiginous melanoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1986-2005.

OBJECTIVE To examine incidence and survival patterns of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) in the United States. DESIGN Population-based registry study. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute to evaluate data from 17 population-based cancer registries from 1986 to 2005. PARTICIPANTS A total 1413 subjects with histologically confirmed cases of ALM. Main Outcome Measure Incidence and survival patterns of patients with ALM. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence rate of ALM overall was 1.8 per million person-years. The proportion of ALM among all melanoma subtypes was greatest in blacks (36%). Acral lentiginous melanoma had 5- and 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates of 80.3% and 67.5%, respectively, which were less than those for all cutaneous malignant melanomas overall (91.3% and 87.5%, respectively; P < .001). The ALM 5- and 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates were highest in non-Hispanic whites (82.6% and 69.4%), intermediate in blacks (77.2% and 71.5%), and lowest in Hispanic whites (72.8% and 57.3%) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (70.2% and 54.1%). Acral lentiginous melanoma thickness and stage correlated with survival according to sex and in the different racial groups. CONCLUSIONS Population-based data showed that ALM is a rare melanoma subtype, although its proportion among all melanomas is higher in people of color. It is associated with a worse prognosis than cutaneous malignant melanoma overall. Hispanic whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders have worse survival rates than other groups, and factors such as increased tumor thickness and more advanced stage at presentation are the most likely explanations.
Clinical Improvement of Dyspepsia Symptoms Following Eradication Treatment for Helicobacter pylori

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with peptic ulcer in Indonesia is very high. It ranges between 90-100%. In general, patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer usually have dyspepsia symptoms. The pathophysiology of dyspepsia symptoms caused by Helicobacter pylori has not been clearly understood. However, it is assumed that the symptoms are correlated to various factors including inflammation, apoptosis damage, and increased secretion of gastric acid, atrophy and non-atrophy gastritis as well as the development of peptic ulcer. The main objective of treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection is elimination of Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Triple therapy has 80% success rate with no significant adverse events and minimal effect in inducing resistance to antibiotics. The success rate of eradication treatment in patients with peptic ulcer is 90%; while an evaluation on improvement of duodenal ulcus following eradication treatment with one month proton pump inhibitor treatment reveals 90% success rate. Keywords : Helicobacter pylori, improvement, dispepsia
Oral health behaviours of parents and young children in a practice‐based caries prevention trial in Northern Ireland

OBJECTIVES The NICPIP trial evaluated the costs and effects of a caries prevention intervention delivered to 2- to 3-year-old children attending dental practices in Northern Ireland. This supplementary study explored the oral health behaviours of children and their parents to help understand the reasons for the trial's findings. METHODS A mixed methods study that included a questionnaire completed by all parents (n = 1058) at the time they brought their child for the NICPIP final clinical assessment. The questionnaire collected data on frequency of toothbrushing and sugar consumption. Questionnaire data were analysed by trial group and caries status. Parents of trial participants (n = 42) were invited to take part in telephone interviews. Parents were purposively sampled according to trial group and whether or not their child developed caries. The interviews explored how and why oral health behaviours happened. Interview data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. RESULTS The questionnaire data indicated that toothbrushing and between-meal sugar snacking were common in the majority of children. The children of parents who automatically reminded their child to brush their teeth were more likely to remain caries-free (Odds Ratio 1.24; 95% CI 1.08, 1.41; P = .002). Frequency of sweet drink consumption was associated with the child developing caries (Odds Ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.79, 0.98; P = .021). The interview data showed that parents had positive attitudes towards brushing both in terms of perceived importance and expected outcomes. Attitudes towards sugar snacking were more complex, with parents reporting difficulties in controlling this behaviour. Sugar was described as being something that was "ever present" in children's lives. CONCLUSIONS Toothbrushing was widely adopted from a young age, but between-meal sugar consumption was highly prevalent. The results suggest that effective family-level and population-level interventions are needed to reduce sugar consumption if substantial improvements in caries prevention are to be achieved.
Health Status of Married Immigrant Women in Busan.

Purpose: By focusing on immigrant women's problems and considering human rights, resettlement plans and marital-life adaptation, health status is often overlooked. It was examined in this study. Method: The participants were 110 immigrant women who lived in Busan. Data were collected from September to November 2007 using a questionnaire. Results: One of five of the women had been hospitalized for a delivery, about 25% were pregnant, and most (80.9 %) have never had a pap-smear test. The average score for anxiety was 3.0 () and for depression 2.9 (). Most were in the normal range for blood pressure, body mass index(BMI), blood sugar and urine test. There was a significant difference in level of anxiety according to education (F=3.42, p=.020) and in level of depression according to age (F=4.05, p=.020), number of children(t=-.444, p=.009), financial status (F=3.75, p=.027) and satisfaction with life (F=6.38, p=.002). There were significant differences in BMI according to age (F=7.73, p=.001), native nation (F=18.38, p=.000), period of stay in Korea (F=3.11, p=.049), education (F=3.82, p=.012), number of children (t=-4.26, p=.040). Conclusion: Although the health status of the immigrant women was good, procreative care protocols should be developed to support immigrant women who are pregnant.
Quality of live improving in elderly people through Tai Chi and Qigong.

El continuo crecimiento de la poblacion mayor junto al mantenimiento de la calidad de vida, hacen de la actividad fisica un aspecto fundamental en el tratamiento integral de los efectos negativos que el paso de los anos tiene en nuestra salud, aumentando la esperanza de vida y sobre todo mejorando la calidad de la misma. El Tai Chi y el Chi Kung son modalidades de actividad fisica muy recomendadas para este grupo poblacional, debido a sus caracteristicas, a su bajo impacto, posibilidad de practicarlo sin necesidad de instalaciones, materiales o equipamientos especiales, pudiendo practicarse en lugares al aire libre (plazas, parques y jardines), lo que anade igualmente un disfrute del medio ambiente a traves del contacto con la naturaleza. Todo esto la hace una practica ideal para el fomento y promocion de la actividad fisica en los mayores. Abstract: The continuous growth of elderly people and the high standards of their quality of life, makes the physical activity an important element in the integral treatment of the age negative effects, in order to length the life expectancy and improve the quality of it. The Tai Chi and the Qigong are modalities of physical activity very suitable for this population group, due to their characteristics, to his low impact, not needing facilities, nor material or special equipment for their practice, being able to practice in outdoors spaces (squares, parks and gardens), which also entails to enjoy environment and the nature contact. All this makes an ideal practice for the encouragement and promotion of the physical activity in elderly people.
Parainfluenza Virus Infection

Abstract Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses of the Paramyoviridaie family. There are four serotypes which cause respiratory illnesses in children and adults. HPIVs bind and replicate in the ciliated epithelial cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract and the extent of the infection correlates with the location involved. Seasonal HPIV epidemics result in a significant burden of disease in children and account for 40% of pediatric hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRTIs) and 75% of croup cases. Parainfluenza viruses are associated with a wide spectrum of illnesses which include otitis media, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, croup, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia. Uncommon respiratory manifestations include apnea, bradycardia, parotitis, and respiratory distress syndrome and rarely disseminated infection. Immunity resulting from disease in childhood is incomplete and reinfection with HPIV accounts for 15% of respiratory illnesses in adults. Severe disease and fatal pneumonia may occur in elderly and immunocompromised adults. HPIV pneumonia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is associated with 50% acute mortality and 75% mortality at 6 months. Though sensitive molecular diagnostics are available to rapidly diagnose HPIV infection, effective antiviral therapies are not available. Currently, treatment for HPIV infection is supportive with the exception of croup where the use of corticosteroids has been found to be beneficial. Several novel drugs including DAS181 appear promising in efforts to treat severe disease in immunocompromised patients, and vaccines to decrease the burden of disease in young children are in development.
What have studies of non‐industrialized countries told us about the cause of allergic disease?

The increase in allergic diseases that was observed in countries that had experienced rapid economic growth since the mid‐20th century initiated a search for environmental exposures that may explain these phenomena that continues to the present day. Societies that are in the earlier stages of the process of industrialization provide an opportunity to compare the initial stages of economic development and the lifestyle changes that may accompany this, with other communities whose way of life may not have changed appreciably for centuries. These studies have consistently demonstrated higher levels of allergic disease in the relatively affluent populations compared with those who maintain a more traditional lifestyle. Environmental changes that have emerged from these studies that may modify the risk of allergic disease include microbial exposures including parasite infection, pollution, diet and obesity. In addition, food and drug allergies represent a neglected area of research in these countries that may be causing a relatively high burden of disease.
Seroprevalence of Dengue 2 Virus Infection in Patients Presenting with Febrile Illness in Selected Health Facilities in Trans Nzoia Region, Kenya, 2009

Dengue Virus and other Arbovirus infections are considered public health threats in Kenya. Although it is evident that these infections are now emerging, an accurate estimate of the magnitude of the problem has not been documented. Dengue often presents as pyrexia, hence diseases which present with febrile illness may contribute to false diagnosis of dengue or the diagnosis is never made. For the health burden to be realized, the study was aimed at investigating dengue 2 virus infection and the seroprevalence in patients presenting with febrile illness in Trans Nzoia. To describe and document the exact threat posed by this virus in Kenya, there was need to use the right laboratory tools to conduct regular serological surveys. For such surveys to be feasible in the local research environment in Kenya, a cross sectional study was done using assays which were cheap, feasible, rapid and efficient. Optimized Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) and Plaque Reduction Neutralization (PRNT) assays were used for this purpose. Serological surveillance of dengue 2 virus using these assays was done in Kitale and Endebess District Hospital and Andersen Medical Centre, all located in Trans Nzoia region. A total of 1121 samples were screened for dengue 2 virus infection by ELISA and PRNT and the seroprevalence found to be 0.9% with most of the positive patients coming from Kitale district hospital. The clinical information and laboratory correlated well with the laboratory diagnosis with 35 (3.1%) and 15 (1.3%) positive patients presenting with fever and headache respectively. In conclusion, the study reveals the existence of dengue 2 virus infection that poses a danger of spreading from one area to another. The data obtained will play an important role in contributing to themanagement of febrile illness in Kenya generally and in particular Trans Nzoia. Dengue 2 virus will be an addition to the diagnosis of febrile illness in this area.
Prevalence of a history of skin cancer in 2007: results of an incidence-based model.

OBJECTIVES To estimate the 2007 person prevalence of common types of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or both, in the United States using an incidence-based mathematical model; and to compare the prevalence of skin cancer with that of other common cancers. DESIGN I developed a mathematical model to estimate the prevalence of NMSC in the United States in 2007. This model used age-specific incidence data adjusted to reflect changes in incidence from 1957 to 2006, the age distribution of the population from 1957 to 2006, and the likelihood that an incident tumor was the first ever for that person. I performed sensitivity analyses that varied my assumption about change in incidence over time and proportion of incident tumors that were a first-ever NMSC for an individual. I used standard methods for analysis of survey data to calculate the number of persons who report a history of the selected cancers and published Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) estimates for incidence-based estimates for prevalence of cancers other than NMSC. SETTING National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2007 data, National Cancer Institute Skin Cancer Incidence data (1977-1978), and SEER data. Main Outcome Measure Incidence-based estimate of prevalence of NMSC and melanoma and patient reports of a history of skin and selected other cancers. RESULTS Approximately 13 million white non-Hispanics living in the United States at the beginning of 2007 have had at least 1 NMSC. About 1 in 5 seventy-year-olds have had NMSCs, and most of those affected have had multiple NMSCs. In the 2007 NHIS estimates, only 5 million persons report a history of skin cancer, less than half the number estimated based on incidence and survival data. CONCLUSIONS My incidence-based model indicates that the prevalence of a skin cancer history is about 5 times higher than that of breast or prostate cancer and greater than the 31-year prevalence of all other cancers combined. Despite their high frequency, population-based incidence and burden data for BSC and SCC are largely lacking.