Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Heuristic Biases on Investment Decision Locus of Control Playing a Moderating Role

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between heuristic biases and investment decision. The authors focus on the key variable that was moderating role of locus of control . <br><br>Design/Methodology/Approach: The data collect for this research paper is used structure questioner and filled 250 questioner from different types of people i.e. (educated, employees, unemployed, social, etc ) <br><br>Findings: This paper provide that heuristic biases such as mantel accounting and price anchoring paly importance role in investor decision making. That means this mantel accounting and price anchoring biases effect the individual investor investment decision making process <br><br>Research Limitation/Implication: The primary limitation of the paper is tiny size of the sample and large sample would have more trustworthy result and could have empowered a more extensive scope of investigation. <br><br>Practical Implication: This paper encourage the manager to do such types of activities in business environment with the help of which individual as will as household can avoid these biases and do best investment decision. <br><br>Originality/Value: The current study is first of its kind, focusing on the link between heuristic biases and investment decision locus of control playing a moderating role in the paper. <br>
Cloaked Trading

Using a novel, proprietary database of micro-level trading activities by asset managers, we show strong evidence of asset managers engaging in strategic trading to cloak their most valuable trades. This takes the form, for instance, of a manager who sells her entire position of Microsoft on March 30, and then repurchases to re-establish the same position on April 1. This manager will be holding economically the same position throughout, yet without having to publicly signal this position. These cloaked trades earn an abnormal return of 370 basis points in the following month, or more than 36 percent per year. We further show that the same managers do not engage in such information-rich cloaked trading around other month ends (non-reporting months), nor in institutional accounts (that are not subject to the reporting requirements) at the exact same quarter-end dates. Moreover, the returns to these cloaked trades continue to accrue over the subsequent quarter and do not reverse in the following year, implying that these cloaked trades are informative about fundamental firm value, which is gradually revealed into prices.
Human endothelial cells are activated by interferon‐γ plus tumour necrosis factor‐α to kill intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to activate endothelial cells. To investigate the effect of cytokines on the interaction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cells were treated with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) plus tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) for 24 hr and exposed to P. aeruginosa suspension for 1 hr. Light microscopy showed that activated cells internalized significantly more bacteria than control cells. To ascertain the effect of cytokines on the microbicidal activity of HUVEC, the concentrations of viable intracellular (IC) bacteria in control and activated cells were determined, at 1 and 5 hr postinfection, by the gentamicin exclusion assay. In control cells, no significant decrease in the concentration of bacteria was detected 5 hr postinfection. In contrast, in activated cells the concentration of viable bacteria at 5 hr was significantly lower. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide detected in supernatants of activated cells were significantly higher than in control cell supernatants. HUVEC anti‐P. aeruginosa activity was insensitive to the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, dimethylthiourea and allopurinol as well as to the l‐arginine analogues aminoguanidine and NG‐monomethyl‐ l‐arginine ( l‐NMMA), but was significantly inhibited by catalase. Our results indicate that HUVEC can be activated by IFN‐γ plus TNF‐α to kill IC P. aeruginosa and suggest a role for reactive oxygen radicals, notably hydrogen peroxide, in HUVEC antibacterial activity.
Expected Work Experience: A New Human Capital Measure

Work experience is a key variable in earnings function estimates and wage gap decompositions. Because data on actual work experience are rare, studies commonly use proxies, such as potential experience. But potential experience is identical for all individuals of the same age and level of education, so it ignores labor market intermittency because of childbirth and child-rearing—a critical omission when analyzing gender differences in earnings. This paper constructs a better proxy: expected work experience—the sum of the annual probabilities that an individual worked in the past. This measure can be generated using commonly available data on labor force participation rates by age and gender to gauge the probability of past work. Applying the measure to labor force survey data from the Philippines shows that conventional proxies underestimate the contribution of gender differences in work experience in explaining the gender wage gap.
Antioxidant activity of tea extracts in lipids and correlation with polyphenol content

The present study examined the antioxidative activity of water and ethanol extracts of green and black tea leaves against the oxidation of heated sunflower oil and lard. Oxidation was conducted at 110 °C in the Rancimat test. Total polyphenols and catechin contents in tea extracts were measured. The research showed that the total polyphenol content in green and black tea leaves was 205.2 and 148.7 mg/g, respectively. In tea leaves extracts, it ranged between 245.9 mg/g and 837.7 mg/g and depended on the extraction solvent and the kind of tea used (p <0.001). The highest polyphenol content was observed in samples extracted with 95% ethanol, lower contents were found with the use of water. Results showed that the highest antioxidant activity, measured as an induction period, with 1000 ppm green tea ethanol extract, was comparable to a-tocopherol activity in sunflower oil. In lard, the longest induction period was measured with 500 and 1000 ppm of green tea ethanol extract. Other tea extract concentrations were significantly less active. Statistical analysis of the tea extract antioxidant activity in lipids in the Rancimat test showed an essential influence of the catechin contents. Further statistical analysis also showed an influence of (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (−)-epicatechin (EC), and (+)-catechin (C) contents in the tea extracts on the antioxidant activity in lipids. It was stated that the antioxidant activity was higher in tea extracts containing high levels of ECG, EC, and C.
World Productivity: 1996-2014

We account for the sources of world GDP growth using data for 40 major economies and 36 industries from the World Input-Output Database from 1996 to 2014. We nd that the contribution of productivity growth at the country-industry level to world GDP growth is relatively constant and that the recent productivity slowdown in industrialized countries is largely oset, at the world level, by productivity growth in emerging economies. Most of the fluctuations in world productivity growth are the result of shifts in the distribution of employment across countries and industries. This shift in employment to countries with lower average labor productivity and wages is a drag on the growth of aggregate productivity in the world. Using new data on PPP-based value-added measures by country and industry, we show that about a third of this shift, however, seems to reect employment growing in countries, most notably China and India, and industries that benet from an international cost advantage in terms of deviations from PPP.
Visual Cues for Suppressing Isolation-Induced Distress Calls in Quail Chicks

Abstract When socially isolated from siblings, newly hatched chicks emit distress calls at a high frequency. As a step toward identifying brain mechanisms responsible for recognition of conspecifics, we analyzed sensory cues critical for suppressing distress calls in socially isolated quail chicks at post-hatch day 2 to 4. Each subject of wild-type chicks was reared with another wild-type companion chick for 1–2 nights before tests. As the first step, we found that distress call was completely suppressed when accompanied by another wild-type chick, irrespective of whether the subject had previously been familiarized with the chick or not. When paired with an albino chick, on the other hand, the subject emitted significantly more calls, suggesting that the wild-type plumage is important. As the next step, in search of the critical sensory modality, we found that visual display of a conspecific chick suppressed the distress call even without accompanying acoustical stimuli. On the other hand, the acoustical stimuli alone were without effects. Olfactory as well as tactile sensations also proved irrelevant. As the final step, we tried to identify the significant sub-modalities in the visual images of conspecifics. Degraded visual image of a moving chick (degraded in fine details) caused a significant but incomplete suppression, whereas an anesthetized chick was without effects. On the other hand, distress calls were completely suppressed even without behavioral correspondence or exact plumage coloration. All of these data suggest that visual image of a moving chick should be given at a high spatial resolution, and wild-type plumage pattern might provide important visual cues.
Substrate particle size affects pit building decision and pit size in the antlion larvae Euroleon nostras (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

Abstract. The larvae of the antlion Euroleon nostras are pit‐builders, constructing pitfall traps in loose sand. The number of pits and the pit diameter are recorded when larvae are kept in substrates with different particle sizes. The most convenient pit‐building sand fractions are two fractions with fine sand (≤ 0.23 mm; 0.23–0.54 mm). The largest pits are constructed in sand with a particle size of 0.23–0.54 mm. In this sand fraction, larvae of all three instars most readily build pits. No pits are constructed in sand with a particle size greater than 1.54 mm. First‐ and second‐instar larvae avoid building pits in substrates of particle size 1–1.54 mm, but third‐instar larvae construct pits in this sand fraction. It is assumed that the antlion is capable of distinguishing between substrate types and this hypothesis is tested by giving larvae the choice of building a pit in one of four particle‐size fractions. Larvae of all three instars prefer to build pits in the fraction with a particle size of 0.23–0.54 mm. Only third‐instar larvae build pits in all four fractions, but only occasionally in the coarser fraction.
On Peacocks and Lyrebirds: Australian Options, Brownian Bridges and the Average of Sub-Martingales

We introduce a class of stochastic processes, which we refer to as Lyrebirds. These extend a class of stochastic processes, which have recently been coined as Peacocks, but are more commonly known as processes which are increasing in the convex order. We show how these processes arise naturally in the context of Asian and Australian Options and consider further interesting applications, such as the arithmetic average of a Brownian bridge and the average of sub-martingales, including the case of Asian and Australian options where the underlying features constant elasticity of variance (CEV) or is of Merton jump diffusion type.
A comparative evaluation with respect to the bacterial cleanability of a range of wall and floor surface materials used in the food industry

J. H. TAYLOR AND J. T. HOLAH. 1996. A range of floor and wall materials suitable for use in the food industry were selected for comparative bacterial cleanability tests. A standard cleaning regime was carried out on samples after biofilm development of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (CRA 296). Cleanability was measured as the log reduction in bacterial numbers. The results for the wall materials showed that there were no statistical differences, whilst those for the floor materials were more variable. The grouted joints and texture did not compromise the cleanabilities of tiled surfaces.
The role of product and market information in an online marketplace

In this paper, we study how provision of product information and/or market information affects buyers' and sellers' behavior and the resultant sales in an online marketplace. We first identify the Pareto‐dominant equilibrium for the sellers' pricing decisions. Then, we study the impact of market parameters on the sales of the platform in equilibrium, under various information structures. We find that the platform's sales increase with the size of potential buyers but change nonmonotonically with the size of potential sellers. Next, we analytically characterize the platform's optimal information strategy as a function of the underlying market parameters. We find that while it is always optimal for the platform to reveal some information, it should be strategic about which information to reveal when faced with different supply and demand conditions. In particular, in a seller's market (high ratio of potential buyers to sellers), the platform should provide both product and market information to the sellers and buyers. However, in a buyer's market (low ratio of potential buyers to sellers), it is optimal for the platform to only provide the market information—providing both the product and market information would backfire on the platform by jeopardizing its sales.
Signal transduction in the type I interferon system and viral countermeasures

Abstract Type I interferons (IFN) including IFNα/β are cytokines of the immune system with critical functions in innate and adaptive immune response. Secreted IFN acts via JAK/STAT signaling pathways to direct a huge gene expression program, including antiviral, apoptotic, survival and immune genes. Only recently, the molecular patterns and their receptors as well as the connected signaling pathways leading to transcriptional activation of IFN genes have been elucidated. Ubiquitous cytosolic RNA helicases like RIG‐I which sense intracellular triphosphate RNAs and activate the IFN‐controlling transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 seem to play a major role in antiviral defense and immunity. Recognition of extracellular nucleic acids by a subset of Toll‐like receptors in addition contributes to a generalized host IFN response. During co‐evolution with the host, viruses have learned to counteract every piece of the IFN network. Learning from viruses how to target the IFN system may lead us to novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
The Genotypes of Maize

THE doctrine of evolution had to overthrow the conception of permanency of specific types, generally held when Darwin's "Origin of Species" was published, because that conception was then associated with the idea of a separate original supernatural creation of each such type. It was Darwin's great triumph that lie succeeded in marshaling such an array of facts pertaining to variabilitv, as to convince the scientific world-and through the scientific world, ultimately the whole world-that everything is in a state of flux, and that there is no such thing as permanency among living things. Owing to the work of De Vries and the other early students of modern genetics, permanency of type again demands serious scientific consideration, for such permanency is no longer incompatible with the doctrine of evolution, being now associated with some form of the mutation theory. The old idea of the immutability of specific types was based -upon almost total ignorance of genetics, as was likewise the Darwinian conception of fluidity and gradual change, for although many appeals were made by Darwin to the experiences of plant and ani.ral breeders, it is now known that these experiences were the result of no such careful control of conditions or analysis of results as has been found necessary for the discovery of genetic. laws. The critical work of the past few years has wrought a great change and the new idea of permanency is gaining ground with the growth of experimental knowledge. Without granting that we have yet reached a position in which we can say definitely that types are absolutely
Simulating human carbohydrate digestion in vitro: a review of methods and the need for standardisation

Summary Numerous in vitro carbohydrate digestion methods exist for analysis of the likely glycaemic properties of foods. Generally these methods encompass simulations of oral, gastric and intestinal digestion processes, but the way in which physiological conditions are implemented across methods differs considerably. Some differences are in the mode of comminution, inclusion and duration of a gastric digestion, and choice of amylolytic enzyme. Incubation temperature, pH, duration and stirring mode also differ between methods. Such differences, particularly the method used to mimic chewing, can have a substantial influence on the relative estimate of glycaemic potency for a given food. To achieve estimates of high predictive power, and global relevance, a validated, standardised in vitro digestion method must be developed. This article provides a systematic review of commonly used and referred to in vitro carbohydrate digestion methods. Methodological discrepancies between protocols are identified thus defining the route a systematic standardisation investigation should take.
Structural Transformation and Its Relevance for Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

In this paper, we analyse the role of structural transformation in view of the remarkable growth performance of sub-Saharan African countries since the mid-1990s. Our analysis covers 41 African countries over the period 1980 to 2014 and accounts for structural transformation by employing the analytical frameworks of (1) growth decomposition and (2) growth regression. Even though the low-productive agricultural sector continues to employ most of the African workforce, our results reveal that structural transformation has taken place and that it has contributed significantly to African growth in the past decades.
Structural Breaks in Realized Volatility: A Cautionary Tale

Autoregressive models such as the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model capture the linear footprint inherent in realized volatility. We cast the problem of estimating structural breaks in the autoregressive volatility dynamics as a model selection problem. Interestingly, we find the number of breaks to be heavily influenced by Box-Cox transformations applied to realized volatility series of eight stock market indices: For example, while we find breaks in the original series, no breaks are found in log-realized volatility, a measure often used in applied research. These transformations change the autoregressive dynamics of the series and thus affect the detection of structural breaks.
The Distribution of a Bryozoan on Seagrass Blades: Settlement, Growth, and Mortality

The extent to which the distribution of adults is influenced by larval settlement and post—settlement growth and survival was determined for the arborescent bryozoan Bugula neritina in the Gulf of Mexico. Most colonies live attached to blades of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Reproductive adults tended to occur on the distal (oldest) portions of blades. Settlement occurred mostly on the distal sections, but the distribution of newly settled juveniles was not as skewed toward the tips as that of large colonies. Settlement accounted for <20% of the observed deviation from a uniform distribution of colonies along seagrass blades. On both artificial and natural seagrass blades, the distribution of colonies changed only gradually with colony size, suggesting that seagrass growth contributed little to the observed distribution. Juvenile survival was estimated by outplanting newly settled individuals to the field in three separate experiments. In the 1st wk after settlement, °70% died, regardless of their po.
Inside the Black-Box of Analysts’ Bounded Rationality: A Study of Contexts That Matter

This study seeks to advance our understanding of how analysts’ decision contexts influence the motivational, attitudinal and relational aspects of their decision-making rationality. Based on in-depth interviews with analysts, and using the lens of the bounded rationality theory, we illustrate how the real-life complexity and ambiguity of analysts’ decision-making environment bounds the resource- and capacity-constrained analysts’ decision-making to that of satisficing. Satisficing transpires in both the means (i.e. process and mechanisms) and the ends (i.e. outputs and outcome) of their decision-making. We demonstrate how each context intensifies the impact of others, and is amplified further by analysts’ information environment, which strains analysts’ cognitive load. The revelations we provide about context-driven motivational, attitudinal and relational antecedents of analysts’ decision-making behaviour lead to a more holistic and nuanced understanding of analysts’ practice.
The Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Local Government Budgeting and Finance: Case of Solid Waste Collection

Recent research on autonomous vehicles (AV) has shown a substantive dive into the technical aspects of AVs, but our understanding of the secondary effects of AVs is minimal in comparison (Glancy, 2015; Mitteregger, Soteropoulos, Brothaler, & Dorner, 2019; Terry & Bachmann, 2019). This article offers a look at how automation of one of the cornerstones of many municipal government — solid waste collection — could be altered with the advent of AVs. In this article, full-cost accounting is used to assess how changing different inputs to the collection process, including direct, indirect, and capital costs, could yield savings for a municipal government. To conduct the analysis, data from the North Carolina Benchmarking Project for 2016-17 were evaluated, a range of assumptions were made based on the best available information on automation, and three cost scenarios were calculated for two North Carolina cities with differing means of collection today. The findings indicate savings in the long-run that could potentially reduce the cost of collecting solid waste by 27 to 60 percent.
Studies on the Balsam-Fir Seed Chalcid, Megastigmus specularis Walley (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae)

The balsam-fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus specularis Walley, destroys a high percentage of seeds of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. The insect was first recorded in Canada in 1928 from New Brunswick and in 1932 was described by Walley (1932). It has been taken in the United States as far west as Minnesota (Peck, 1951). In 1953 the insect was reared from seeds of balsam fir taken at the Forest Nursery Station, Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Further investigations in 1954 showed the insect to be abundant at Indian Head, and also in natural stands of balsam fir in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba.
Bank Capitalization and the Cross-Section of Bank Stock Returns

We investigate the evolution of US bank capitalization and examine its role in the crosssection of bank stock returns. We use the book capital ratio (BCR), the market capital ratio (MCR) and the stressed capital ratio (SCR) as three proxies for bank capitalization and find that the MCR and the SCR have similar dynamics, while the BCR develops very differently. Our Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional regressions suggest a negative and significant relationship between bank capitalization and bank stock returns between 1994–2007, especially when bank capitalization is measured by the MCR or the SCR. We apply Fama-French factor models to estimate the risk-adjusted returns of our capital ratio-sorted decile portfolios and their sensitivities to systematic risk factors. We find that the BCR proxies for bank portfolio exposures to the market and value factors, while the MCR and the SCR contain some information on exposures to the market and size factors.