Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Playing to Win: Marketing and Public Policy at Odds over Joe Camel

This article is based on the 1998 testimony the author provided for In the Matter of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company as an expert witness for the Federal Trade Commission. After providing an overview of the Joe Camel campaign and the Federal Trade Commission's investigation of it, the author considers consumer protection issues that provide a perspective for assessing Reynolds's acts and practices. He then focuses on an analysis of Reynolds's competitive position in the cigarette marketplace and why that was likely to influence subsequent marketing strategy and the development of the Joe Camel campaign. The author next discusses the campaign at some length before returning to an explicit assessment of the campaign and the types of criteria that might be adopted for this purpose.
Interactive comment on “Assessing the cover crop effect on soil hydraulic properties by inverse modelling in a 10-year field trial” by José Luis Gabriel et al

(1 & 2) The authors base their study on continuous measurements of soil moisture in 6 depth levels (0.1 to 1.1 m, 0.2 m increments) on six treatment plots. In addition meteorological state variables are recorded on site. As very good practice, the soil moisture sensors have been calibrated under field and lab conditions to the specific soil condition previous to the experiment period. At this time a pedohydrological analysis was done, too. Since the study is about the effect of cover crop and tilling routines on soil hydraulic properties, I suspect that the authors have considered to directly sample the soil repeatedly to answer their research question.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Chicken Δ-6 Desaturase

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) promote the development of brain and vision of the fetus, relieve inflammation, inhibit oral dysplasia of rumor cell, decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease and regulate arrhythmia. Δ-6 desaturase is the rate-limited enzyme in the desaturation process. This study reports the cloning, characterization and tissue expression of a Δ-6 desaturase gene in the chicken. PCR primers were designed based on the predicted sequence of chicken Δ-6 desaturase (accession number: XM421053) and used to isolate a cDNA fragment of 1,323 bp from chicken liver. Based on the 1,323 bp fragment an EST (BI390105) was obtained by BLAST. The EST and 5'end of the 1,323 bp fragment were partially overlapped. Gene specific primers derived from the EST were used for amplification of the 5'end. Another gene-specific primer derived from the 1,323 bp fragment was used for amplification of the 3'end by 3'RACE. Then the three overlapping cDNA sequences obtained were assembled with DNAMAN software and a full-length Δ-6 desaturase of 2,153 bp was obtained. The full-length cDNA contained an ORF of 1,335 bp with a 5'untranslated region of 147 nucleotides followed by an ATG initiation codon. Stop codon TGA was at position 1,481-1,483 bp. The deduced amino acids shared an homology above 77% with bovine, mice, orangutan, rat and human. The protein sequence had three histidine-rich regions HDFGH (HisI region), HFQHH (HisII region) and HH (HisIII region), a cytochrome b 5 -like domain containing a heme-binding motif and two transmembrane domains. Sequence analysis of the chicken genomic DNA revealed that the coding sequence of chicken Δ-6 desaturase included 12 exons and 11 introns. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the Δ-6 desaturase expression levels were in turn liver, spleen, pancreas, lung, breast muscle, heart, and abdominal fat. The expression of Δ-6 desaturase in liver was significantly higher than that in breast muscle (p<0.01). The expression of Δ-6 desaturase in lung was significantly higher than that in abdominal fat (p<0.01). This is the first clone of chicken Δ - 6 desaturase.
Population structure of Dover sole Solea solea: RAPD and allozyme data indicate divergence in European stocks

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) analysis was used to estimate genetic variation within and between 6 Northeast Atlantic populations of Dover sole Solea solea (L.). A total of 16 fish were randomly selected from each population, and the results were compared with allozyme variation within and between populations. Results from both methods were in general agreement, but the RAPD technique detected higher levels of genetic variation. Contingency analy- ses (allele frequencies and hierarchical FST and non-hierarchical FDT) indicated highly significant genetic heterogeneity between populations. This result is consistent with the life history of Dover sole, which have homing behavior and discrete spawning grounds. Divergence between populations is indicated by cluster analyses of both allozymes and RAPD data. However, allozymes provided a somewhat better fit of data to predictions (higher values of cophenetic correlation of clusters from the goodness-of-fit statistics) and better correlation between genetic and geographical distances (Mantel's r). Both allozyme and RAPD data indicate that the samples can be clustered into two groups; continental Europe (Bay of Biscay and German Bight) and British Isles (Cumbria, Isle of Man, Ireland and North Sea). Despite the small geographical separation at the closest point, the English Channel may provide a barrier to gene flow between populations of Dover sole around the coasts of Britain and those on the coast of continental Europe.
Engineering Therapeutic Neural Stem Cell Lines for Parkinson’s Disease

The isolation of tissue-specific self-renewable stem cells from human embryonic or adult stem cells is one of the most promising applications for regenerative medicine. Ongoing research suggests that multipotent stem cells are a viable source of specialized cells for tissue repair. Undifferentiated stem cells are better suited when multiple cell types are lost to injury or disease. However, when a single lineage species is associated with an injury or disease, multipotent stem cells can be instructed to terminally differentiate into specific cell types. The terminal differentiation is induced by culturing the multipotent stem cells in media containing specific instructive molecules or by over-expressing lineage-specific gene(s). Further studies are needed to generate cellular phenotypes with stable expression in vitro and after grafting into diseased or injured tissue. Harnessing mechanisms governing tissue histogenesis that take place during early embryogenesis is a promising strategy for engineering specific cell types or tissues. Likewise, the same developmental pathways could also be induced in vitro using a set of instructive cues different from those normally involved during embryonic development. Within the framework of developing therapeutic products, this chapter will discuss the cellular and molecular control of neural stem cell derivation from adult and pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into dopaminergic lineage.
First estimates of co-variance functions for lifetime growth of Angus cattle.

Estimates of covariance functions for weights of Angus cattle from birth to 3000 days of age were obtained using Bayesian analysis. Data consisted of records in 69 herds with at least 50 mature cow weights, and records in 6 additional herds with 60% or more animals having at least four weights, 551,259 records on 197,915 animals in total. The model of analysis fitted contemporary groups and cubic regressions on orthogonal polynomials of age nested within sex, birth type, dam age class and lactation status as fixed effects. Random effects fitted were cubic and quartic regressions on orthogonal polynomials of age for animals’ direct genetic and permanent environmental effects, and quadratic regressions, restricted to 0 to 600 days of age, for maternal genetic and environmental effects. Measurement error variances were modelled through a step function with 32 classes, yielding 69 covariance components to be estimated.
Seasonal speed-up of two outlet glaciers of Austfonna, Svalbard, inferred from continuous GPS measurements

A large part of the ice discharge from ice caps and ice sheets occurs through spatially limited flow units that may operate in a mode of steady flow or cyclic surge behaviour. Changes in the dynamics of distinct flow units play a key role in the mass balance of Austfonna, the largest ice cap on Svalbard. The recent net mass loss of Austfonna was dominated by calving from marine terminating outlet glaciers. Previous ice-surface velocity maps of the ice cap were derived by satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) and rely on data acquired in the mid-1990s with limited information concerning the temporal variability. Here, we present continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) observations along the central flowlines of two fast flowing outlet glaciers over 2008–2010. The data show prominent summer speed-ups with ice-surface velocities as high as 240% of the pre-summer mean. Acceleration follows the onset of the summer melt period, indicating enhanced basal motion due to input of surface meltwater into the subglacial drainage system. In 2008, multiple velocity peaks coincide with successive melt periods. In 2009, the major melt was of higher amplitude than in 2008. Flow velocities appear unaffected by subsequent melt periods, suggesting a transition towards a hydraulically more efficient drainage system. The observed annual mean velocities of Duvebreen and Basin-3 exceed those from the mid-1990s by factors two and four, respectively, implying increased ice discharge at the calving front. Measured summer velocities up to 2 m d−1 for Basin-3 are close to those of Kronebreen, often referred to as the fastest glacier on Svalbard.
Feasibility of Poverty Alleviation in Sri Lankan Rural Tourism as a Recreation Activity

The article describes the feasibility of poverty alleviation in Sri Lankan rural tourism industry as a recreation based on quantitative data (secondary data) and empirical evidences. The main postulation of this study is prevalence of poverty can be eliminated via tourism and development of tourism can be amplified in rural area as an amusement. High portion of travelers visit in Sri Lanka aiming pleasure in terms of recreation and it divulges direction of tourism policy implication. It is believed that there is a positive feasibility of poverty alleviation in Sri Lanka through recreation based tourism. The key objective of this research is to propose appropriate strategies in rural tourism development to eradicate poverty successfully examining its attributes and issues. This study has revealed that rural tourism can play a predominant role in the poverty alleviation and tourism can extend as a recreation event in the backwardness areas. However, findings of this study alleged that rural tourism in Sri Lanka did not entirely exploit its attributes. With regard to, research question in terms of how to improve poverty elimination via rural tourism development based on recreation? , result has concluded that there is positive feasibility of poverty eradication in recreation based rural tourism. Negative externalities are unfolding in poor community to increase rural tourism development in recreation. Therefore we suggest that energetic process needs to solve problems raised from rural tourism. This study fulfills the knowledge gap and findings of the study exhort policy makers.
DESIGN OF AN OPTICAL INTENSITY COMPARISON PIXEL WITH PROGRAMMABLE INTENSITY OFFSET LEVELS

Optoelectronic pre-processing of optical signals is one of the most important techniques to bridge the bandwidth discrepancy between an optical memory and a much slower electronic host computer. This thesis involves the design and simulation of a smart-pixel arrangement capable of compensating the interconnect losses of two analog optical signals based on their positional coordinates in a wave-guide array and a programmable attenuation factor, before comparing them to produce a digital output. This pixel has been incorporated into an optical co-processor system to rank an array of analog optical signals, with an operation time almost independent of the number of inputs. The first section of the thesis describes the circuit and system-level design issues of the analog as well as the digital system, and the considerations involved in the performance evaluation of mixed-signal layout. It describes the circuit design of the individual components of the analog subsystem, and the system design of the digital ranking system. The second part describes the simulation results of all the individual components as well as the performance of the entire system. It describes the effect of transistor parameter, temperature and current variations on the system performance and accuracy.
Cost-allocation principles for pipeline capacity and usage

This paper applies principles f rom game theory to the problem o f allocating the cost o f a shared facility, such as a pipeline. The theory o f cooperative games s t r ongl y suggest s t hat no method e x i s t s for allocating costs that wi l l achieve all major policy goals. We apply results from the theory o f cooperative games a n d principles o f cost allocation to assess some c o mmo n l y adopted rules for allocating costs and def i ni ng u n i t charges. Mos t notably, the postage-stamp toll is f o u n d to fail a mi ni mal set o f commonly applied principles.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIMENSIONS OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING ON THE LOYALTY OF TOURISTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF "NDUBISI" MODEL (CASE STUDY: THE SELECTED HOTELS OF MAZANDARAN PROVINCE)

Tourism industry is considered as the biggest and most diverse industry in the world. Many countries have selected this dynamic industry as their main resource of income, job-generating, growth of private sector and development of underlying structure. The relationship-centered marketing by discovering of customer’s needs, can lead to their loyalty and decrease of company’s expenses. The researches have shown that the expense of delivering of services to a loyal customer is very lower than the expense of absorbance and delivering of services to new customers. This research based on the practical aim and the point of view of data collection, is a description of survey type. From the point of view of data analysis, is considered as the kind of correlation and the constructive equations. For this purpose, based on the occasional sampling, a sample equals to 405 people were selected and by using of 26 questions questionnaire information was collected and the obtained results, show the dimensions of relationship marketing based on Ndubisi model has a meaningful effect on the tourists loyalty in the selected hotels in Mazandaran province and it’s forming elements, based on the intensity of effect and importance are respectively: “Trust”, “Commitment”, “Communications” and “Conflict Handling”.
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE THIS PAGE

Piezoelectric materials perform mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion and have unique and enhanced properties, particularly in the thin film form. In this work, the nanomechanical properties of strontium-doped lead zirconate titanate thin films are investigated by nanoindentation. Finite element modeling of the nanoindentation process allows for a comparison of the simulated and experimentally measured load–displacement curves. New insights correlating the nanomechanical and piezoelectric properties of thin films have been obtained which will enable more efficient design of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.
Impact of Brand Origin, Image and Uniqueness on Luxury Purchase Intention: An Empirical Study of Iran’s Luxury Furniture Market

The issue of luxury consumption has received a great deal of interest among marketing scholars. However, little is known about how to optimize the market and manage consumer expectations with regard to this specific consumption context. Therefore, this study provides insights into how branding cues and need for uniqueness shape consumer luxury purchase intentions. Empirical data were collected by a questionnaire distributed to luxury furniture stores. The empirical results indicated that brand origin, brand image and need for uniqueness all have a significantly positive effect on consumer luxury purchase intentions. Moreover, brand image and brand origin were found to be a significant moderator between consumer’s need for uniqueness and luxury purchase intentions. The authors explore implications for theory and practice. Keywords : Brand origin, Brand image, Uniqueness, Luxury
The future of agri‐environment schemes: biodiversity gains and ecosystem service delivery?

Summary 1. European agri-environment schemes (AESs) have so far delivered only moderate biodiversity gains. However, recent work has demonstrated that under a range of circumstances AESs can return substantial benefit both to biodiversity and ecosystem service delivery. This Special Profile brings together 13 papers that point the way to greater effectiveness. 2. One study in this Special Profile suggests that AES options modified by experience of working on the ground (i.e. guided by adaptive management) and applied to small fragmented pieces of land can have population level effects on a farmland bird species. Such adaptive management has been shown to correlate with increased levels of biodiversity for a range of taxa in a variety of situations, and thus demonstrates the potential of AESs to achieve significant biodiversity benefits. 3. Examples from this Special Profile provide evidence that AESs can improve ecosystem service provision, such as pollination services, biological control and carbon storage. However, AESs located in heterogeneous landscapes and in areas supporting high levels of biodiversity are likely to yield greater benefits than those in more homogeneous landscapes. 4. Estimating both the economic and non-economic value of ecosystem services is complex. A range of caveats need to be borne in mind if and when management strategies and policies are formulated based upon economics. These are well described in another paper in this Special Profile. 5. Synthesis and applications. Agri-environment schemes are more likely to deliver substantial benefit if: (i) they are implemented with clear guidance to land managers, and (ii) they are located in landscapes with high levels of biodiversity. Greater biodiversity on farmland is likely to increase the provision of a range of ecosystem services, which, in turn, should buffer agricultural land against likely future environmental changes.
Priorities of National Food Security Policy in the Russian Federation

The influence of the globalization process on the world food market as a basic element of ensuring the domestic needs of the national economic system and affecting the level of economic security of individual states is analyzed. It is shown that the effectiveness of the import substitution policy pursued in the Russian Federation is related to the sanctions pressure and the devaluation of the national currency, while increasing the level of food security associated with self-sufficiency in basic food products is accompanied by a drop in the quality of domestic producers' products. Formation of a quality and safety management system for food products is possible within the framework of the creation of regional agro-industrial clusters, the use of which will also make it possible to apply the available technological, human and scientific and production potential more efficiently through more optimal interaction between economic agents.
Proximate and fatty acid composition of liver and fatty tissue of patincatfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

The visceral storage fat and liver of patin catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) are normally discarded, which incurs cost and can cause environmental pollution. However, these may be potential sources to extract fish oil. The proximate and fatty acid compositions of liver and fatty tissue of patin catfish were investigated to evaluate the suitability of these by-products for extracting fish oil. Fat was extracted using a low temperature solvent extraction method. The average fat content of fatty tissue and liver of females were 77.64 and 11.71%, respectively, whereas in males this was73.23 and 9.59%, respectively. Fatty acids found in the extracted oil of these byproducts were C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C20:0, C20:1, C20:4, C20:5, and C22:6.The major fatty acids presented in these tissues were palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n-9), and linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6). The total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of liver from male and female patin catfish were 13.31 and 13.30%, respectively, whereas in the fatty tissue these were11.64 and 12.09%, respectively. The n-3 to n-6 ratios of liver and fatty tissue of females were 1.61and 0.95, respectively, whereas in male fish these were 1.31 and 1.05, respectively. Results of this study indicated that the liver and fatty tissues of patin catfish are suitable sources of fish oil specifically due to the presence of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
TYPE STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE PERFORMANCE OF 4000 STUDENTS IN THE EXACT SCIENCES ABOUT FOUR NATURAL’S AREAS IN GUINEA 2012

This is a comparative study of four natural regions of Guinea on basis of the marks obtained in 2012 by students in three subjects of exact sciences (Math, Physics and Chemistry). We have demonstrated method of the type of investigation. This is based on all candidates of the 2012 session of the unique option mathematical science in Guinea, a sample size of 4,000 students; 1,000 students from each of the four regions. We will use inferential statistics to know the mean of the four regions. This type of comparison between the four regions is employed to determine the student’s level of understanding in the exact sciences in Guinea, and to explain general problems relating to education systems through students’ achievements. In addition, we tried to give some explanations about the causes of the results and finally to put evidence to the contribution of national and international organizations in the education system in Guinea and finally to try to explain some remarks about the factors for the effectiveness of the teacher in a general way while using the SPSS software.
Superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories in N 1⁄4 4 superspace

In three dimensions, every known N 1⁄4 4 supermultiplet has an off-shell completion. However, there is no off-shell N 1⁄4 4 formulation for the known extended superconformal Chern-Simons (CS) theories with eight and more supercharges. To achieve a better understanding of this issue, we provideN 1⁄4 4 superfield realizations for the equations of motion which correspond to various N 1⁄4 4 and N 1⁄4 6 superconformal CS theories, including the Gaiotto-Witten theory and the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena (ABJM) theory. These superfield realizations demonstrate that the superconformal CS theories with N ≥ 4 (except for the Gaiotto-Witten theory) require a reducible long N 1⁄4 4 vector multiplet, from which the standard left and right N 1⁄4 4 vector multiplets are obtained by constraining the field strength to be either self-dual or antiself-dual. Such a long multiplet naturally originates upon reduction of any off-shell N > 4 vector multiplet toN 1⁄4 4 superspace. For the longN 1⁄4 4 vector multiplet we develop a prepotential formulation. It makes use of two prepotentials being subject to the constraint which defines the so-called hybrid projective multiplets introduced in the framework of N 1⁄4 4 supergravity-matter systems in arXiv:1101.4013. We also couple N 1⁄4 4 superconformal CS theories to N 1⁄4 4 conformal supergravity.