Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cell Adhesion Protein from the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, a Serine Proteinase Homologue Similar toDrosophila Masquerade*

A cDNA encoding a protein resembling masquerade, a serine proteinase homologue expressed during embryogenesis, larval, and pupal development in Drosophila melanogaster, was identified in hemocytes of the adult freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. The crayfish protein is similar to Drosophila masquerade in the following aspects: (a) overall sequence of the serine proteinase domain, such as the position of three putative disulfide bridges, glycine in the place of the catalytic serine residue, and the presence of a substrate-lining pocket typical for trypsins; (b) the presence of several copies of a disulfide-knotted motif in the putative propeptide. This masquerade-like protein is cleaved into a 27-kDa fragment, which could be detected by immunoblot analysis using an affinity-purified antibody against a synthetic peptide in the C-terminal domain of the protein. The 27-kDa protein could be immunoaffinity-purified from hemocyte lysate supernatant and exhibited cell adhesion activity in vitro, indicating that the C-terminal domain of the crayfish masquerade-like protein mediates cell adhesion.
JUSTIFICATION, PROBABILITY, AND CONSISTENCY

Professor Kyburg’s paper is refreshing. Indeed, I am pleased to see this latest defense of the probabilistic approach, because I believe there are many applications where this approach yields results much superior to the general “default” approach. This is especially so in cases where a series of uncertain conclusions are chained together to yield a still more uncertain conclusion. Unless the loss of certainty involved in each inference is recorded and propagated in a sound fashion, disastrous results may ensue. Of course, there are applications where the default approach can be safely employed, but I know of no class of problems where the default approach is more likely to yield correct results than the probabilistic approach. To be sure, various criticisms of the probabilistic approach have been advanced by members of the “default” camp, but apart from the lottery paradox, I believe these criticisms have been rendered innocuous by Cheeseman (1985). As for the lottery paradox, we have Kyburg’s response. It is certainly true that most humans manage surprisingly well, despite the fact that their total belief sets are usually inconsistent. Moreover, there are other solutions to the paradox that preserve the consistency of one’s relevant beliefs. One of these is discussed in what follows. However, let us first examine Kyburg’s position on the acceptance and justification of an agent’s most fundamental beliefs, that is, beliefs that comprise the background knowledge that renders probabilistic reasoning possible. In Section 3 (REGRESS AND PROGRESS), Kyburg raises the question, “Where does background knowledge and evidence come from? ” His remarks throughout most of this section seem directed at the justification of observational evidence rather than at physical laws and mathematical principles. Although he does briefly allude to “mathematical and logical generalizations,” I am somewhat unclear whetheir Kyburg intends his remarks regarding justification of evidence to apply to the most basic empirical laws found in an agent’s background knowledge. Possibly, Kyburg sees the justification and acceptance of particular pieces of evidence as different in kind (with respect to the regress issue) from the justification of fundamental physical laws. In any case, in Section 3 Kyburg clearly maintains that observation statements and other kinds of evidence should be accepted when their probability surpasses some threshold of “practical certainty. ” However, this threshold cannot be taken as equal to 1 , for the jusrificution of evidence (in Kyburg’s view) presupposes the ever present potential of gathering supporting evidence having a higher probability than the evidence to be justified. Now, it is somewhat difficult to reconcile these views with Kyburg’s remarks in Section 8, where he seems to be saying that physical laws anid obseivation statements should be accepted only when we (provisionally) assign them a subjective probability of 1. There he says
A Geometrical Based Method for Highly Complex Structured Textures Generation

Conventional 2D or 3D texturing methods do not permit an efficient simulation of highly complex structured textures like fire, fur, cotton, etc. More recent techniques, using specific kinds of 3D textures, such as hypertextures or texels based on volume rendering algorithms, are more interesting, for the simulation of such special types of textures. Unfortunately, these techniques remain still restricted because either they need a functional modelling of the object, as it is the case of hypertextures, or they are strictly limited to one specific kind of texture, as it is the case of texels.
CARDEAGate: Low-cost, ZigBee-based localization and identification for AAL purposes

World population is facing deep demographic changes. A number of societal challenges are to be tackled, and possible support from ICT is sought for. AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) technologies, aimed at fostering independent life of elderly people, are therefore becoming increasingly important. Based on the AAL-system named CARDEA and previously developed at the University of Parma, in this paper a new feature is presented, named CARDEAGate and aimed at providing an inexpensive and scarcely intrusive way for providing user localization and identification information. Such information is needed to implement a number of useful functionalities, and most notably to carry out behavioral analysis in a multi-user context. A simple approach, based on a “wireless barrier” and exploiting ZigBee protocol features is shown to provide reliable monitoring information. Preliminary test results are given, whereas a full characterization is currently under way.
Emphasis of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Introduction We investigated the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on overall survival and tumor stage in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods The records of 229 patients with non-metastatic RCC (T1-4N0M0) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified as group 1 (T1 + T2) and group 2 (T3 + T4). The significance of the differences between the groups in terms of averages and median values were investigated with Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. Results Patients were divided in two as group 1 (T1 + T2) and group 2 (T3 + T4), consisting of 208 and 21 patients, respectively. Between the two groups, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found as 2.83 ± 2.15 and 4.79 ± 4.65, respectively (p = 0.02). We found that NLR had a distinctive feature at a cut-off value of 2.9. Discussion NLR was higher in local advanced tumors. We observed that the cut-off value of NLR is only associated with tumor volume.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Yapılandırmacı Yaklaşıma Dayalı Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Etkinliklerine İlişkin Görüşleri

Son yillarda butun dunyada bireysel, toplumsal, ekonomik, bilimsel ve teknolojik alanlarda yasanan degisim ve gelismeler ogrenme ogretme anlayislarinin da degismesine yol acmistir. Ulkemiz, ogretme ogrenme anlayislarinda yasanan degisim ve gelismeleri egitim sistemine yansitmak icin 2004 yilindan itibaren ilkogretim programlarindan baslamak kaydiyla ogretim programlariniyeniden hazirlamistir. Yenilenen programlarda olcme-degerlendirme uygulamalari, cagin gereklerine uygun olarak degistirilmisve yapilandirmacilik yaklasimitemele alinmistir. Ancak yapilan calismalar, gerek ogretmenler ve gerekse ogretmen adaylarinin onemli bir kisminin yapilandirmaciogretim yaklasiminin getirdigi olcme degerlendirme turleri hakkinda yeterli bilgi, beceri ve deneyime sahip olmadiginigostermektedir. Ogretim programlarinin temel ogelerinden birisi olan olcme degerlendirme, ogrencilerin ogrenme duzeylerini ve ogrenme ihtiyaclarinibelirlemede ogretmenlere, program yapimcilarina ve egitim yoneticilerine donut saglamada yol gosterir. Dolayisiyla ogretmen ve ogretmen adaylarinin olcme-degerlendirme turleri hakkindaki gorusleri, tutumlari, eksiklikleri ile uygulamalar sirasinda karsilastiklarisorunlarin tespiti ve cozumu onem arz etmektedir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, sosyal bilgiler ogretmen adaylarinin yapilandirmaciyaklasima dayaliolcme ve degerlendirme etkinliklerine iliskin goruslerini tespit etmektir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu 2012-2013 egitim-ogretim yilinda Ataturk Universitesi Kazim Karabekir Egitim Fakultesi Sosyal Bilgiler Egitimi Anabilim Dali4.sinifinda ogrenim goren toplam 86 ogretmen adayiolusturmaktadir. Nitel yaklasimin benimsendigi bu calisma tarama modelindedir. Veri toplamak icin yari yapilandirilmismulakat formu kullanilmistir. Mulakat formu hazirlanirken uzman goruslerine basvurulmustur. Yariyapilandirilmis mulakat formu ile elde edilen veriler, icerik analizi ile cozumlenmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin yariyapilandirilmismulakat formundaki sorulara vermisolduklaricevaplar yuzde ve frekanslariyla birlikte tablolar halinde sunulmustur. Ogretmen adaylarinin % 76’siegitim ogretim hayatlarinda yapilandirmaciyaklasima dayaliolcme ve degerlendirme etkinlikleri ile karsilasmadiklari, % 91’i karsilasmak istedikleri yonunde gorusbelirtmislerdir. Ogretmen adaylaribu olcme degerlendirme etkinligi ile karsilasmak istemelerinin sebeplerini ise ust duzey becerileri gelistirmesi, ezbercilikten uzak olmasi, kaliciogrenmeler saglamasi, yapilandirmaciliga uygun olmasi, eglenceli ve rahatlaticiolmasive bireysel farkliliklara uygun olmasi seklinde siralamislardir. Ayni zamanda ogretmen adaylarinin yapilandirmaciyaklasima dayaliolcme ve degerlendirme etkinliginin formatinirahatlatici, eglenceli ve ilgi cekici bulduklarisonucu elde edilmistir.
Side Population Cells Isolated from Porcine Dental Pulp Tissue with Self‐Renewal and Multipotency for Dentinogenesis, Chondrogenesis, Adipogenesis, and Neurogenesis

Dental pulp has the potential to form dentin as a regenerative response to caries. This regeneration is mediated by stem/progenitor cells. Thus, stem cell therapy might be of potential utility in induction of reparative dentin. We isolated side population (SP) cells from dental pulp based on the exclusion of the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342 by flow cytometry and compared its self‐renewal capacities and multipotency with non‐SP cells and primary pulp cells. The cumulative cell number of the SP cells was greater than the non‐SP cells and primary pulp cells. Bmi1 was continuously expressed in SP cells, suggesting longer proliferative lifespan and self‐renewal capacity of SP cells. Next, the maintenance of the multilineage differentiation potential of pulp SP cells was investigated. Expression of type II collagen and aggrecan confirmed chondrogenic conversion (30%) of SP cells. SP cells expressed peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and adaptor protein 2, showing adipogenic conversion. Expression of mRNA and proteins of neurofilament and neuromodulin confirmed neurogenic conversion (90%). These results demonstrate that pulp SP cells maintain multilineage differentiation potential. We further examined whether bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) could induce differentiation of pulp SP cells into odontoblasts. BMP2 stimulated the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) and enamelysin in three‐dimensional pellet cultures. Autogenous transplantation of the Bmp2‐supplemented SP cells on the amputated pulp stimulated the reparative dentin formation. Thus, adult pulp contains SP cells, which are enriched for stem cell properties and useful for cell therapy with BMP2 for dentin regeneration.
Amended Safety Assessment of Dialkyl Sulfosuccinate Salts as Used in Cosmetics Status : Final Amended Report

The 2013 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chairman, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A. C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D., Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is Lillian J. Gill, D.P.A. This safety assessment was prepared by Monice M. Fiume, Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer, and Bart A. Heldreth, Ph.D., Chemist.
DNA of Epstein-Barr virus. III. Identification of restriction enzyme fragments that contain DNA sequences which differ among strains of Epstein-Barr virus

Previous kinetic and absorption hybridization experiments had demonstrated that the DNA of the B95-8 strain of Epstein-Barr virus was missing approximately 10% of the DNA sequences present in the DNA of the HR-1 strain (R.F. Pritchett, S.D. Hayward, and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 15:556-569, 1975; B. Sugder, W.C. Summers, and G. Klein, J. Virol. 18:765-775, 1976). The HR-1 strain differs from other laboratory strains, including the B95-8 and W91 strains, and from virus present in throat washings from patients with infectious mononucleosis in its inability to transform lymphocytes into lymphoblasts capable of long-term growth in culture (P. Gerber, Lancet i:1001, 1973; J. Menezes, W. Leibold, and G. Klein, Exp. Cell. Res. 92:478-484, 1975; G. Miller, D. Coope, J. Niederman, and J. Pagano, J. Virol. 18:1071-1080, 1976; G. Miller, J. Robinson, L. Heston, and M. Lipman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:4006-4010, 1974). In the experiments reported here, the restriction enzyme fragments of Epstein-Barr virus DNA which contain sequences which differ among the HR-1, B95-8, and W91 strains have been identified. The DNA of the HR-1, B95-8, and W91 strains each differed in complexity. The sequences previously shown to be missing in the B95-8 strain were contained in the EcoRI-C and -D and Hsu I-E and -N fragments of the HR-1 strain and in the EcoRI-C and Hsu I-D and -E fragments of the W91 strain. The HR-1 strain was missing DNA contained in EcoRI fragments A and J through K and Hsu I fragment B of the B95-8 strain and in the EcoRI-A and Hsu I-B fragments of the W91 strain. The relationship of these data to the linkage map of restriction enzyme fragments of the DNA of the B95-8 and W91 strains (E. Kieff, N. Raab-Traub, D. Given, W. King, A.T. Powell, R. Pritchett, and T. Dambaugh, In F. Rapp and G. de-The, ed., Oncogenesis and Herpesviruses III, in press; D. Given and E. Kieff, submitted for publication) and the possible significance of the data are discussed.
The Social Agency Problem

This paper proposes a novel agenda for cognitive systems research focused on the "social agency" problem, which concerns acting to produce mental states in other agents in addition to physical states of the world. The capacity for social agency will enable agents to perform a wide array of tasks in close association with people and is a valuable first step towards broader social cognition. We argue that existing cognitive systems have not addressed social agency because they lack a number of the required mechanisms. We describe an initial approach set in a toy scenario based on capabilities native to the ICARUS cognitive architecture. We utilize an analysis of this approach to highlight the open issues required for social agency and to encourage other researchers to address this important problem.
Renal potassium channels and their regulation.

Potassium channels play important roles in renal electrolyte transport, mainte­ nance of cell membrane potential, and regulation of cell volume. In the past decade, the patch-clamp technique has been extensively used to identify a variety of K channels at the apical and basolateral membranes of renal epithelia. Several of these channels are similar to the K channels of non-renal epithelia, which suggests a common evolutionary basis for K permeation across cell membranes. Although the kidney is not an excitable tissue, many renal K channels are voltage-gated, and some are even activated by membrane stretch andlor changes in cell volume. For example, calcium-dependent maxi
Family of cascaded high-voltage-gain bidirectional switched-capacitor DC-DC converters

High-voltage-gain step-up DC-DC converters are required for the applications of distributed energy resources (DERs). A family of bidirectional switched-capacitor (SC) converters with high gain ratio of any positive integer are proposed in this paper. These converters are of high efficiency, easy to control, and are with low output voltage ripple of less than 1%. The proposed converters are also capable of delivering bidirectional power, which is a key requirement for the applications with battery storage. A prototype of 9-time SC converter at 20 V input voltage, 100 W output, 75 kHz, is built and tested. Experiment results show that the maximum efficiency of the 9-time SC converter is over 98% without driver's loss and the efficiency over the entire load range between 25 W and 100 W is over 95.5% including the driver's loss.
Using the Dual Control Model to Investigate the Relationship Between Mood, Genital, and Self-Reported Sexual Arousal in Men and Women

Recent findings suggest that there is considerable interindividual variability in how mood affects sexual arousal and that the dual control model may be helpful in explaining this variation. The current research investigated whether mood interacted with sexual excitation and inhibition proneness to predict subjective and genital arousal. In this study, 33 participants (18 men; 15 women), ages 18 to 45, attended three laboratory sessions where they completed questionnaires assessing preexisting mood and propensity for sexual excitation and inhibition, then watched a series of neutral and sexually explicit films. Subjective sexual arousal was continuously indicated during each film, while genital temperature was measured using thermographic imaging. Sexual excitation and inhibition interacted with various mood scores to significantly predict both subjective and genital arousal in men and women. Several gender differences were found. For example, vigor scores interacted with sexual excitation proneness to significantly predict genital but not subjective arousal in women, while the same interaction significantly predicted subjective but not genital arousal in men. The findings supported the hypothesis that the dual control model is an important framework in understanding how mood influences both subjective and genital sexual arousal.
The unbearable futility of deriving the left atrial size from a single-linear dimension.

The assessment of the left atrial (LA) size is important, since LA enlargement has been established as a robust predictor of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes,1 including atrial fibrillation (AF). 2,3 In addition, the LA size predicts cardiovascular events in patients with lone AF, likelihood of post-operative AF, and success of cardioversion or AF ablation.4 Therefore, current guidelines on the management of patients with AF recommend the assessment of the LA size and function by standard two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in the clinical work-up of all patients with AF.5 Different imaging modalities are available to assess the LA size.6 However, among all cardiovascular imaging modalities, echocardiography is the most frequently used technique to measure LA volumes and phasic functions.7 Not only echocardiography is widely available, cheap, and harmless for both patients and healthcare professionals, but also has a higher temporal resolution than cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) or multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Traditionally, the LA size has been estimated with echocardiography by measuring its anterior–posterior linear dimension, either from M-mode tracings or two-dimensional images. Despite the fact that this measurement is simple to obtain and has been extensively used in clinical routine and research work, it is now clear that LA anterior–posterior diameter is not representative of the true LA size since the LA has an asymmetric three-dimensional shape. Inaccuracy of the anterior–posterior linear dimension …
Does Guideline Knowledge Affect Treatment Compliance Among Emergency Doctors?

Background:The insufficient adoption of internationally accepted clinical guidelines may lead to less than adequate patient care of patients with asthma. Objective:To evaluate the knowledge and treatment compliance with Global Initiative of Asthma (GINA, 2011) asthma treatment guidelines among emergency physicians (EPs) at a referral hospital in northern Malaysia. Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed in the territory-level referral hospital in northern Malaysia. Twenty-seven EPs were asked to complete an asthma guideline questionnaire to assess their knowledge regarding GINA 2011 asthma treatment guidelines. A total of 810 patients were enrolled, and 30 patients were selected per physician. The authors evaluated the physicians' compliance with GINA 2011 asthma treatment guidelines. Results:Of 27 EPs, 20 (74.1%) had adequate knowledge of GINA 2011 asthma treatment guidelines. A total of 615 (75.9%) patients received guideline-recommended emergency treatment. Shortness of breath (n = 436, 53.8%) was the most frequently reported chief complaint. Furthermore, there was a significant but weak association between knowledge of the guideline and treatment compliance among emergency doctors (P = 0.003, &phgr; = 0.110). Moreover, there was no significant change in therapy for patients with comorbid conditions. The mean age of respondents was 27.3 years. Conclusions:Overall, a fair level of guideline knowledge and treatment compliance was noted among EPs. Doctors with adequate guideline knowledge were more likely to comply with GINA 2011 asthma treatment guidelines.
Identification of a neutralizing epitope shared by bluetongue virus serotypes 2 and 13

The serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) are classified by differences in neutralization commonly induced by P2, a major surface protein. A BTV serotype 13 (BTV-13) monoclonal antibody, 4B13-207A, immunoprecipitated P2s of BTV-13 and BTV-2 and also neutralized both viruses. These data indicate that P2s from BTV-13 and BTV-2 share a common neutralizing epitope that is not detected by neutralizing polyclonal antibody to BTV-13.
Long-run homogeneity of labour demand. Panel evidence from OECD countries

This study makes an attempt to examine the long-run relationship between the key labour market parameters of employment, aggregate output, real product wages and labour-augmenting technical progress for a sample of 21 OECD countries covering the period from 1970 to 2000. A new panel error correction technique is applied, which allows one to constrain the long-run coefficients to be identical across the countries while letting the short-run coefficients which govern the dynamics and the error variances differ freely, respectively. Thus, this estimation approach assumes that institutional and cultural differences, albeit causing short-term deviations of labour demand behaviour across countries, leave the long-run structure of the labour markets unaffected. That is to say, the long-run equilibrium relationship between the key labour market variables is taken to be similar across the OECD economies. The empirical analysis shows that the long-run relationship between the key labour market parameters is equal across the OECD countries. However, adjustment speed of actual employment to the equilibrium is much higher in countries with flexible labour markets, such as the USA and UK, than in countries with rigid labour markets, such as Germany and Austria.