Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successive B-cell lymphomas mostly reflect recurrences rather than unrelated primary lymphomas.

OBJECTIVES To address whether successive B-cell lymphomas, diagnosed within a 5- to 15-year interval, are recurrences or unrelated primary lymphomas. METHODS Immunoglobulin heavy and κ light chain gene rearrangements were studied using multiplex polymerase chain reaction fragment assays and sequence analysis in 61 patients. RESULTS Clonal patterns of the multiple lymphomas from 36 patients were determined and classified accordingly: 30 recurrences, 2 possible recurrences, 2 different clones with a common origin, and 2 unrelated primary lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of subtype, 89% to 94% of late B-cell lymphoma relapses were recurrences of the primary tumor. Therefore, routinely investigating the possible clonal relationship between successive lymphomas may not be warranted except for specific lymphoma subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.
Estrogen, Schizophrenia and Neurodevelopment

Women are relatively protected against schizophrenia. The illness has a similar rate in women and men, but it starts later in women and is less severe. It is tempting to attribute this to the neuroprotective effect of estrogen, but the story is not straightforward and contains many unknowns. Women begin their schizophrenia trajectory later in development compared with men and this probably accounts for their relatively superior prognosis. Estrogen agonists are potential therapeutic agents but need to be proven safe, and the timing of administration may be crucial. This article examines what is known about estrogen and the development of schizophrenia.
Dealing with the benefits and costs of internationalisation of the Korean won

In an integrated world with large international trade and capital flows, a country with an internationalised currency can enjoy many advantages. As currency internationalisation progresses, the foreign exchange risks and costs of foreign currency financing associated with foreign transactions are expected to decrease. Another important advantage of currency internationalisation is that it gets a country further away from “original sin”, that is, by allowing residents to borrow externally in local currency, it prevents the likelihood of a financial crisis caused by a sudden stop of foreign capital flows. As a result of capital account liberalisation in emerging market economies over the last 20 years or so, the integration of domestic and foreign financial markets has substantially deepened, increasing the incidence and severity of economic volatility arising from external shocks. The recent severe stress in the domestic financial markets of major currencies has led to a sharp withdrawal of foreign currency financing in emerging markets and heavy pressure on exchange rates and asset prices in them. Korea has been one of the emerging markets most affected, primarily due to its heavy reliance on external transactions. Recent episodes suggest that pursuing currency internationalisation may, therefore, be a strong instrument to cushion the adverse effects of external financial shocks and should be considered as one of the important policy issues in small open economies such as Korea.
Factor that effect on consumer behavior: The case of boarding students

The objective of this paper is to investigate the buying behavior of boarding students in Pakistan. This is basically an empirical study and a scale was developed to find out the impact of nine variables namely Basic needs, Former experience, friend and family, Recommended by celebrities, product design ,Product quality, Product price , Brand and Discount on price. The questionnaire was distributed among the respondents on the basis of convenience sampling.The results showed that the buying behavior of boarding students are affected all of these factors which are proposed by literature and theoretical framework. Findings from this study provide a useful framework for marketers to link their services; Basic needs, Former experience, friend and family, Recommended by celebrities, product design ,Product quality, Product price , Brand and Discount on price thus enhancing their productivity and profitability in the Pakistani Telenor sector.In order to increase the external validity of results future research can be done using longitudinal designs.
A common founder for the 35delG GJB2gene mutation in connexin 26 hearing impairment

Fifty to eighty percent of autosomal recessive congenital severe to profound hearing impairment result from mutations in a single gene, GJB2, that encodes the protein connexin 26. One mutation of this gene, the 35delG allele, is particularly common in white populations. We report evidence that the high frequency of this allelic variant is the result of a founder effect rather than a mutational hot spot inGJB2, which was the prevailing hypothesis. Patients homozygous for the 35delG mutation and normal hearing controls originating from Belgium, the UK, and the USA were genotyped for different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four SNPs mapped in the immediate vicinity of GJB2, while two were positioned up to 76 kb from it. Significant differences between the genotypes of patients and controls for the five SNPs closest toGJB2 were found, with nearly complete association of one SNP allele with the 35delG mutation. For the most remote SNP, we could not detect any association. We conclude that the 35delG mutation is derived from a common, albeit ancient founder.
Antral vascular ectasia — the “watermelon” stomach

Antral vascular ectasia is a rarely described condition; it is a cause of blood loss and iron deficiency anaemia, particularly in the elderly. Four cases of antral vascular ectasia (“watermelon” stomach) in elderly patients are reported. The clinical history, endoscopic and histological features are described.
Short-Term Capital, Economic Transformation, and EU Accession

One key focus of the on-going debate on the integration of international financial markets have been measures to lengthen the maturity of foreign debt, as short-term debt is typically considered to be highly volatile. The transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe are one group of countries for which policy lessons seem particularly urgent. Not only have these countries liberalized their capital accounts to a quite substantial degree already, membership in the European Union also implies that remaining controls to the free flow of capital will have to be abolished. This paper assesses the experience of the transition economies with liberalizing short-term capital flows, and it analyzes factors affecting the share of short-term capital.
mTOR and vascular remodeling in lung diseases: current challenges and therapeutic prospects

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major regulator of cellular metabolism, proliferation, and survival that is implicated in various proliferative and metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hamartoma syndromes, and cancer. Emerging evidence suggests a potential critical role of mTOR signaling in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Remodeling of small pulmonary arteries due to increased proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and altered metabolism of cells forming the pulmonary vascular wall is a key currently irreversible pathological feature of pulmonary hypertension, a progressive pulmonary vascular disorder with high morbidity and mortality. In addition to rare familial and idiopathic forms, pulmonary hypertension is also a life‐threatening complication of several lung diseases associated with hypoxia. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge and recent advances in understanding the role of the mTOR pathway in pulmonary vascular remodeling, with a specific focus on the hypoxia component, a confirmed shared trigger of pulmonary hypertension in lung diseases. We also discuss the emerging role of mTOR as a promising therapeutic target and mTOR inhibitors as potential pharmacological approaches to treat pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. —Goncharova, E. A. mTOR and vascular remodeling in lung diseases: current challenges and therapeutic prospects. FASEB J. 27, 1796–1807 (2013). www.fasebj. org
The basel process and regional harmonisation in Asia

This paper examines the move toward greater harmonisation in banking supervision in Asia. Central banks in the Asia Pacific region have strengthened their cooperation through various channels. Equally important, international institutions including the Bank for International Settlements have responded to such trends by becoming more involved in regional forums and better accommodating the needs of regional economies. It discusses globalisation and regionalisation and concludes that they are not mutually exclusive concepts; instead they are complementary, as society can exploit the opportunities brought by the free economy while at the same time instilling prudence in the economy and the financial system. The so-called Basel Process is a key element of the global financial system. The influence of market participants has rendered the Basel Process more transparent and market oriented. On the other hand, rapid financial innovation has necessitated the cooperation of various Basel-based committees under the umbrella of the Financial Stability Forum. The paper points out that regional harmonisation can be achieved through the Basel Process and concludes that cooperation should be pursued in both crisis management and crisis prevention, emphasising role of central banks in the latter.
Platelet function analyzer (PFA-100): a tool to quantify congenital or acquired platelet dysfunction.

PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST SYSTEM The instrument aspirates a blood sample under constant vacuum from the sample reservoir through a capillary and a microscopic aperture (147 μm) cut into the membrane. The membrane is coated with CEPI or CADP. The presence of these platelet activators and the high shear rates (5000 to 6000 s–1) under the standardized flow conditions result in platelet attachment, activation, and aggregation, building a stable platelet plug at the aperture.5 The time required to occlude the aperture is reported as CT, and measurements are finished after a maximum of 5 minutes. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that antibodies against GPIb, GPIIb/IIIa, vWF, and RGDS peptide—but not against fibrinogen—induce a dose-dependent prolongation of CTs.6 This study indicated that the primary adhesion process occurs through vWF-GPIb interaction and that platelet plug formation involves the interaction of vWF with GPIIb/IIIa. These findings were confirmed and extended by another study with various antibodies against vWF or GPIb.7 Two types of cartridges have been developed to differentiate between the aspirin-induced defect (which can be detected with the CEPI cartridge) and more severe platelet dysfunction (detected with the CADP cartridge). In clinical practice the CEPI cartridge is used first: when CEPI is abnormal, a second measurement is made with the CADP cartridge.4,8 Normal values of CT are provided in Table I. Most of the cited artiREVIEW ARTICLES
An empirical analysis of Excellence in Global Market Competition Towards Higher Educational Institutions service quality dimension

The effectiveness of an institution rests upon the contribution that each of the institution’s programs and services makes toward achieving the goals of the institution as a whole and better understanding of Excellence means competition. This is an empirical research which is descriptive in nature and relied mainly on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire to study the perception of all aspects of competition in higher educational institution. One cannot be excellent in everything. The search of quality has become an important consumer trend (Parasuraman et al.1985,1988) and a whole industry centered on the measurement of a consumer and perceived quality satisfaction has arisen(Berry et al.1988). “Quality is excellence” means quality requires selectivity including Students, Staff and leadership. Student as the prime customer of higher education institution. Reliability statistics very high value in Placement Facility and Personality development respectively 0.857 and 0.841. Out of 355 respondents service quality dimensionality and personality development, placement facilities leads to student satisfaction. Placement and tangibility inferred that high respectively 0.70 and 0.50 So, this paper empirically analyse student satisfaction how contribute excellence through identification of strong and weak variables of service quality dimension by eduQUAL instrument, personality development and Placement facility related aspect.
The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis

A reevaluation of the anthropological genetics literature on Jewish populations reveals them not simply to be a body of genetically related people descending from a small group of common ancestors, but rather a “mosaic” of peoples of diverse origins. Greek and other pre-medieval historiographic sources suggest the patterning evident in recent genetic studies could be explained by a major contribution from Greco-Roman and Anatolian-Byzantine converts who affiliated themselves with some iteration of Judaism beginning in the first and second centuries ce and continuing into the Middle Ages. These populations, along with Babylonian and Alexandrian Jewish communities, indigenous North Africans, and Slavic-speaking converts to Judaism, support a mosaic geography of Jewish ancestry in Europe and Western Asia, rather than one arising from a limited set of lineages originating solely in Palestine.
Job Search Behaviour and Job Search Success of the Unemployed

We combine information from a job-seeker survey and two sources of administrative data to shed light on the job search behaviour and job search success of the unemployed. Our particular focus is on the way the Public Employment Service (AMS) shapes job search effort and outcomes in terms of the exit rate to work and of post-unemployment job match quality. Job-seekers attach a high value to internet job search, but social networks are by far the most promising job search channel. The AMS has a central role in the job search process of the unemployed, particularly for job-seekers with low education and long unemployment record. We find a positive link between the amount of AMS counselling and job search effort. Our results indicate that the AMS is effective in facilitating exit from unemployment to paid work – directly, through placing of jobs and increasing the efficiency of job search, as well as indirectly, by stimulating job search effort. The jobs placed by this intermediary do not significantly differ in job tenure from those generated by other channels, but they are rather poorly paid. After adjustment for differences in covariates, monthly starting wages are significantly lower for people placed via the AMS compared with those successful with the internet and private employment agencies.
Thirty-day mortality following hip arthroplasty for acute fracture.

BACKGROUND Hip fractures are associated with a substantial mortality rate. Previous reports on perioperative mortality associated with hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acute fracture have not documented demographic and surgical characteristics that increase the likelihood of death. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of, and associated risk factors for, perioperative death following hip arthroplasty for the treatment of acute fracture. METHODS Data were compiled from the computerized total joint registry at a single institution to determine the mortality rate following hip arthroplasty according to age, gender, diagnosis, implant type, and fixation mode. A review of this database revealed that 7774 consecutive patients had undergone hip arthroplasty for the treatment of an acute fracture between 1969 and 1997. The medical records of all patients who had died within thirty days after hip arthroplasty were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The overall mortality rate within thirty days after hip arthroplasty for the treatment of an acute fracture was 2.4% (186 of 7774), yet notable variations in the mortality rate were seen within clinical subgroups. The thirty-day mortality rate was significantly higher for patients who had received a cemented implant, female patients, elderly patients, patients with cardiorespiratory comorbidities, and patients with intertrochanteric fractures. With the numbers available, there was no significant difference in mortality between patients who had been managed with total hip arthroplasty and those who had been managed with hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS Hip arthroplasty for the diagnosis of acute fracture is associated with a nearly tenfold higher rate of perioperative mortality compared with elective hip arthroplasty. Medical optimization, appropriate choice of implants, and vigilant intraoperative management of these patients are essential.
Increasing Domestic Procurement by the Mining Sector in Central Asia

This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Spinal cord injury therapies in humans: an overview of current clinical trials and their potential effects on intrinsic CNS macrophages

Introduction: Macrophage activation is a hallmark of spinal cord injury (SCI) pathology. CNS macrophages, derived from resident microglia and blood monocytes, are ubiquitous throughout the injured spinal cord, and respond to signals in the lesion environment by changing their phenotype and function. Depending on their phenotype and activation status, macrophages may initiate secondary injury mechanisms and/or promote CNS regeneration and repair. Areas covered: This review provides a comprehensive overview of current SCI clinical trials that are intended to promote neuroprotection, axon regeneration or cell replacement. None of these potential therapies were developed with the goal of influencing macrophage function; however, it is likely that each will have direct or indirect effects on CNS macrophages. The potential impact of each trial is discussed in the context of CNS macrophage biology. Expert opinion: Activation of CNS macrophages is an inevitable consequence of traumatic SCI. Given that these cells are exquisitely sensitive to changes in microenvironment, any intervention that affects tissue integrity and/or the composition of the cellular milieu will undoubtedly affect CNS macrophages. Thus, it is important to understand how current clinical trials will affect intrinsic CNS macrophages.
3D analysis of helical slow-wave structures for space TWTs: critical comparison of Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio

3D EM simulators allow to model any type of 3D structure without analytical approximations or experimental errors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capabilities of two of these simulators (based on finite element and finite difference approaches) and to perform a critical comparison (in terms of CPU-time and accuracy) for a typical space helix TWT in Ku-band. Two commercially available simulators were used for this study: Ansoft-HFSS, and CST Microwave Studio.
Sexual risk-taking following relationship break-ups

Background Changes in sexual behaviour over time have resulted in more frequent relationship break-ups, which carry specific sexual health challenges that we aim to explore in this study. Study design The data were drawn from the French sexual behaviour survey, comprising a random sample of 4,798 women and 4,045 men aged 18–44 years. Logistic regression models were used to describe the associations between recent relationship break-ups and reported sexually transmitted infections and abortions over the same period, and being tested positive for Chlamydia at the time of the survey. Results Respondents who had experienced a break-up in the last five years (32% of women and 35% of men among respondents who were sexually active in the last five years) were more likely to report an abortion during the same time period (9% vs.5%, p < 0.001) and to be tested positive for Chlamydia at the time of interview (3% vs. 1%, p = 0.003), especially those aged 30–44. Women were less likely than men to have used a condom with a new partner after the separation (76% vs. 82%, p = 0.005), which suggests gender asymmetry in preventive issues following a break-up. Conclusions This study shows that relationship dissolution is associated with higher sexual risk taking, especially among middle-aged adults.
Dynamic cycles of strategy, marketing and sales : a framework for capital goods industries

This thesis proposes a framework to help managers facing growth challenges or commoditization problems in business to business, particularly with capital goods. The framework is based on the proposition that strategy, marketing and sales are cycles that happen with different durations. Strategy defines perspective, plans, position and patterns. It encompasses several marketing cycles where offerings are defined; pricing policies are declared; channels are chosen and promotions are deployed. Several cycles of sales will happen within a marketing cycle with respect to the timing of deals in the specific industry in which the firm operates. The framework proposes the use of strategy-based analysis to identify whether problems and the need for change or adjustment are in the strategy, marketing or sales dimension. Various aspects of strategy, marketing and sales that are relevant for capital goods are presented, drawing on parallels from practical examples based on companies or evidence from the literature. Specific propositions of strategy related to platforms, services and integrated services are presented. Four companies (ABB, GE, Voith Hydro and Rockwell) have been studied to illustrate the thesis. A collection of practices for the implementation and adaptation of changes in the organization are discussed. The thesis concludes that there is no right or wrong approach, and that it is important that managers ensure consistency within these dimensions and with other areas of the firm. Finally, some ideas for the next steps are discussed. MIT Sloan School of Management Master's Thesis Tadeu Rezende de Azevedo Page 2