Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of alcohol consumption after liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND Uncertainty exists about the extent and consequences of a return to alcohol consumption after liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). AIMS To determine the prevalence and consequences of alcohol consumption in patients transplanted for ALD. METHODS A retrospective case controlled study of all patients transplanted for ALD at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, between 1987 and 1996. RESULTS Seventy patients with ALD were transplanted, of which 59 survived more than three months; 56 were interviewed. Twenty eight had consumed some alcohol after transplantation; for the nine "heavy drinkers" (HD), the median time to resumption of alcohol intake was six months and for the 19 "moderate drinkers" (MD) it was eight months. There was no significant difference in episodes of acute rejection or compliance with medication between those who were abstinent, MD, or HD. Histological evidence of liver injury was common in ALD patients who had returned to drink. Mild fatty change was found in 1/11 biopsy specimens from abstinent patients but moderate to severe fatty change and ballooned hepatocytes were seen in 3/5 MD and 2/5 HD specimens. Two HD patients had early fibrosis. One HD patient had died of alcohol related complications. CONCLUSIONS Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption occurs in patients transplanted for ALD. Patient recall of abstinence advice is unreliable, and patients return to alcohol mainly within the first year after liver transplantation. Return to alcohol consumption after liver transplantation is associated with rapid development of histological liver injury including fibrosis.
Association of fluoxetine and return of sexual potency in three elderly men.

BACKGROUND Fluoxetine, a highly specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to cause sexual dysfunction in a minority of patients. Although priapism has been associated with other serotonergic antidepressants, no published reports have correlated restoration of sexual potency with use of fluoxetine. METHOD The case histories of three geriatric patients treated with fluoxetine for depression or obsessive compulsive disorder are presented. RESULTS Three patients with histories of impotence experienced a return of sexual potency after treatment with fluoxetine. In two of the cases, the patients had documented histories of vascular disease, which their internists had identified as the cause of their impotence. The improvement in sexual response was seemingly unrelated to abatement of depression or obsessive compulsive disorder, and there was no description of priapism by any of the patients. CONCLUSION Sexual side effects of fluoxetine may be more variable than previously thought. Animal models showing paradoxical or opposing responses to serotonin-enhancing agents may apply to human sexual functioning as well.
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry: an optical biopsy technique for clinical detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus

Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an optical biopsy technique that measures scattered light from tissue to determine nuclear size with submicron-level accuracy. The a/LCI probe can be deployed through the accessory channel of a standard endoscope and provides feedback to physicians to guide physical biopsies. The technique has been validated in animal and ex vivo human studies, and has been used to detect dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus patients in vivo. In a recent clinical study of 46 Barrett’s esophagus patients, a/LCI was able to detect dysplasia with 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity. This report reviews the technique and discusses its potential clinical utility.
Long-term risks after splenectomy among 8,149 cancer-free American veterans: a cohort study with up to 27 years follow-up

Although preservation of the spleen following abdominal trauma and spleen-preserving surgical procedures have become gold standards, about 22,000 splenectomies are still conducted annually in the USA. Infections, mostly by encapsulated organisms, are the most well-known complications following splenectomy. Recently, thrombosis and cancer have become recognized as potential adverse outcomes post-splenectomy. Among more than 4 million hospitalized USA veterans, we assessed incidence and mortality due to infections, thromboembolism, and cancer including 8,149 cancer-free veterans who underwent splenectomy with a follow-up of up to 27 years. Relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using time-dependent Poisson regression methods for cohort data. Splenectomized patients had an increased risk of being hospitalized for pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia (rate ratios=1.9–3.4); deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (rate ratios=2.2); certain solid tumors: buccal, esophagus, liver, colon, pancreas, lung, and prostate (rate ratios =1.3–1.9); and hematologic malignancies: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and any leukemia (rate ratios =1.8–6.0). They also had an increased risk of death due to pneumonia and septicemia (rate ratios =1.6–3.0); pulmonary embolism and coronary artery disease (rate ratios =1.4–4.5); any cancer: liver, pancreas, and lung cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and any leukemia (rate ratios =1.3–4.7). Many of the observed risks were increased more than 10 years after splenectomy. Our results underscore the importance of vaccination, surveillance, and thromboprophylaxis after splenectomy.
A Case Study in Learning to Unlearn.

In this case study, Irish academics reflect on our involvement in a project – Transformative Engagement Network (TEN). This project aims to transform the nature of the engagement between the various stakeholders impacted by or concerned with climate change and to insert the voice and concerns of the most vulnerable food producers into climate change debates. Throughout the project, the Maynooth University team has become increasingly aware of the complexities of development and of the practical and intellectual challenges to the assumptions and beliefs that underpin our disciplines.
CROSS HEDGING WINTER CANOLA

Abstract The growth in winter canola acreage in the southern Great Plains has led to questions about the best way to reduce price risk because there is no U.S. canola futures market. Cross-hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness are calculated, and encompassing tests are conducted for short-horizon hedging. Possible cross-hedge markets considered are U.S. soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal, hard red winter wheat, and Canadian canola. The selected cross hedge is a combination of soybean oil and meal futures, but its hedging effectiveness is substantially less than what is typically provided by a direct hedge.
Gamma Knife surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children: a 13-year experience.

OBJECT Studies on the efficacy of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) radiosurgery have largely been conducted in the adult population. Clinically, the results may not always be applicable to pediatric patients. Moreover, studies involving the pediatric population have largely comprised small- (< 3 cm3) and medium-sized (3-10 cm3) AVMs. For large (> 10 cm3) AVMs in children, sparse radiosurgical results are available. The current study was conducted to further clarify the role of radiosurgery in the treatment of pediatric AVMs. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of data obtained in 105 pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) with cerebral AVMs treated by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) between 1993 and 2006. For statistical comparison the authors studied data acquired in 458 adult patients with AVMs treated during the same period. The patients underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 6-month intervals. Cerebral angiography was used to confirm the obliteration of the AVM. RESULTS In pediatric patients, the AVM obliteration rate at 48 months after a primary GKS was 65%. Repeated GKS in those in whom primary treatments failed further ablated some AVMs, for an overall obliteration rate of 81%. The efficacy of GKS correlated with the size of the AVM: 91% for small, 86% for medium, and 64% for large AVMs. The treatments were associated with an 8% morbidity rate and < 1% mortality rate. Posttreatment hemorrhage occurred in 4 (4%) of 105 patients. Obliteration rates at 48 months of small and extremely large (> 20 cm3) AVMs were similar in the pediatric and adult groups, whereas AVMs between 3 and 10 cm3 responded less efficaciously in children (p = 0.042). The AVMs with volumes ranging from 10 to 20 cm3 were also associated with a lower obliteration rate in children at 48 months, but statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.279). CONCLUSIONS Gamma Knife surgery is an effective and safe treatment alternative for pediatric AVMs. The medium (3-10-cm3) and large (10-20-cm3) AVMs tend to respond less efficaciously than those of comparable size in adults.
A memoryless reduced-order state observer for discrete-time systems with multiple delays

This paper presents a reduced-order memoryless state observer with a y-stability margin (0 <; γ <; 1) for linear discrete-time systems with multiple delays in both the state and control vectors. The dynamics of the observer are derived from a set of unstable and/or poorly damped eigenvalues of the system. A simple and systematic design method is presented. A numerical example is given to illustrate the properties of the new observer and its design method.
Transgenesis and neuroendocrine physiology: a transgenic rat model expressing growth hormone in vasopressin neurones

Human growth hormone (hGH) and bovine neurophysin (bNP) DNA reporter fragments were inserted into the rat vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) genes in a 44 kb cosmid construct used to generate two lines of transgenic rats, termed JP17 and JP59. Both lines showed specific hGH expression in magnocellular VP cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). hGH was also expressed in parvocellular neurones in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), medial amygdala and habenular nuclei in JP17 rats; the rat OT‐bNP (rOT‐bNP) transgene was not expressed in either line. Immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay showed hGH protein in the hypothalamus from where it was transported in varicose fibres via the median eminence to the posterior pituitary gland. Immunogold electron microscopy showed hGH co‐stored with VP‐NP in the same granules. The VP‐hGH transgene did not affect water balance, VP storage or release in vivo. Drinking 2 % saline for 72 h increased hypothalamic transgene hGH mRNA expression, and depleted posterior pituitary hGH and VP stores in parallel. In anaesthetised, water‐loaded JP17 rats, hGH was released with VP in response to an acute hypovolumic stimulus (sodium nitrosopentacyano, 400 μg I.V.). JP17 rats had a reduced growth rate, lower anterior pituitary rGH contents, and a reduced amplitude of endogenous pulsatile rGH secretion assessed by automated blood microsampling in conscious rats, consistent with a short‐loop feedback of the VP‐hGH on the endogenous GH axis. This transgenic rat model enables us to study physiological regulation of hypothalamic transgene protein production, transport and secretion, as well as its effects on other neuroendocrine systems in vivo.
Effects of Resistance Exercise Timing on Sleep Architecture and Nocturnal Blood Pressure

Abstract Alley, JR, Mazzochi, JW, Smith, CJ, Morris, DM, and Collier, SR. Effects of resistance exercise timing on sleep architecture and nocturnal blood pressure. J Strength Cond Res 29(5): 1378–1385, 2015—Short sleep duration and poor quality of sleep have been associated with health risks including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Prior research has suggested that regular aerobic exercise improves the quality of sleep; however, less is known regarding resistance exercise (RE) and how RE may affect sleep architecture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of timing of RE on sleep architecture and nocturnal blood pressure. College-aged subjects engaged in 5 laboratory visits. Visits 1 (C) and 2 provided a non-RE control day and established the 10-repetition maximum on each of 9 RE machines, respectively. During visits 3–5, the subjects reported at 0700 hours (7A), 1300 hours (1P), and 1900 hours (7P) in a randomized order to perform 30 minutes of RE. Ambulatory blood pressure and sleep-monitoring devices were worn during sleep after C, 7A, 1P, and 7P. Time to fall asleep was significantly different between RE conditions 7A and 1P and between 7A and 7P. All exercise conditions exhibited significantly fewer times woken than the non-RE control day, with 7P resulting in significantly less time awake after initially falling asleep as compared with C. Although timing of RE does not seem to statistically impact sleep stages or nocturnal blood pressure, these data indicate that engaging in RE at any time of the day may improve quality of sleep as compared with no RE. Resistance exercise may offer additional benefits regarding the ability to fall asleep and stay asleep to populations with osteoporosis, sarcopenia, anxiety, or depression.
Corporate Intention and Corporate Action

Abstract This paper comments on Coleman's account of group action (or corporate action, in his terminology), and his view is compared with the present author's largely complementary view (e.g., Tuomela 1993). Some criticisms concerning Coleman’s linear system of action are presented. One of the main points made is that a viable theory of social action must make use of a notion of joint intention and that Coleman’s theory is deficient on this score.
Addressing Solar-PV Power Generation: Commercialization Assessment for the US Energy Market

Solar-Photovoltaic (PV) utility power is more expensive to producecompared with conventional sources. Current utility power purchaseagreement policies discourage private investment because far futurecash flow does not add to asset value. This article presents an overviewof a study that assesses the commercialization of PV power generationin the US energy market. Data analysis substantiates that for PV powerto be competitive with conventional power plants, much lower discountrates are required during the first half of the PV utility lifecycle, afterwhich solar PV will have a much lower cost due to a drastic reductionin the cost of capital. Additionally, the levelized cost of energy analysisfor a longer lifecycle indicates that the utility scale solar PV cost gap canbe bridged. Therefore, this article aims to influence policy makers to in-troduce long-term power purchase agreements, taking into account theavoided costs due to the unevaluated quality of long life at anticipatedlow operating costs. Furthermore, simulations reveal that the proposedsolar PV self-financing program may be a viable alternative to the cur-rent government subsidy that lacks an inflow of cash to offset the out-flow of subsidy payments. Finally, we present selective strategies thatcan help drive the commercialization of PV power generation in the USenergy market.
Estimation of detection thresholds for audiovisual rotation gains

Redirection techniques allow users to explore large virtual environments on foot while remaining within a limited physical space. However, research has primarily focused on redirection through manipulation of the visuals used to represent the virtual environment. We describe a within-subjects study (n=31) exploring if participants' ability to detect differences between real and virtual rotations is influenced by the addition of sound that is spatially aligned with its virtual source. The results revealed similar detection thresholds for conditions involving moving audio, static audio, and no audio. This may be viewed as an indication of visual dominance during scenarios such as the one used for the current study.
[Body mass index and diet affect prostate cancer development].

INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. There is evidence that obesity and inadequate eating habits may promote CaP development. OBJECTIVE To analyze and compare the body mass index (BMI) and the food intake, especially fats and antioxidants, among subjects with CaP and those free of disease as a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 40 men between 50 and 80 years old were selected for the study: 20 with CaP and 20 healthy men as control group. All volunteers underwent a digital rectal examination, prostate specific antigen level, ultrasound and transrectal prostate biopsy, and a nutritional interview where a dietary history and different anthropometric measurements were made. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student T test for independent samples (p < 0.05). RESULTS BMI in the subjects with CaP was higher than in controls (29.8 kg/m2 vs. 27.96 kg/m2, p = 0.13) but not statistically significant. However, there was a direct correlation between BMI and tumor aggressiveness (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). Total, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat intake was significantly higher in subjects with CaP; while omega3 fatty acids, vitamin C and lycopene intake was significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A healthy weight and a diet low in total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat and rich in n3 fatty acids, vitamin C and lycopene is associated with a lower risk of CaP.
The Last Vestiges of Statehood: Failed States and the Groups that Work Within Them 1

This article examines the persistence of insecurities within Somalia through the development of terrorist organizations such as Al-Shabaab. Therefore, specific attention will be given to the question: How has Al-Shabaab used the internal social environment present after the collapse of Somalia to their advantage in order to accumulate and project power within Somalia and throughout the Horn of Africa? Particular emphasis is placed upon the perception that, as a failed state, Somalia has the potential to serve as a launching point for indigenous terrorist activity within neighbouring states. Al-Shabaab has been known to do exactly that. They have explicitly orchestrated attacks in countries such as Uganda and Kenya in protest of their respective military interventions in Somalia. This issue warrants further exploration, as the majority of the literature discussing the
Structure of intraglomerular dendritic tufts of mitral cells and their contacts with olfactory nerve terminals and calbindin‐immunoreactive type 2 periglomerular neurons

Intraglomerular dendritic tufts of Golgi‐impregnated and biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)‐labeled mitral cells in the rat main olfactory bulb were analyzed in detail. In particular, the relationships of BDA‐labeled tufts with olfactory nerve (ON) terminals and processes of calbindin D‐28K‐immunoreactive (CB‐IR) cells were investigated with confocal laser‐scanning light microscopic (CLSM) and electron microscopic (EM) analyses. CB‐IR cells were type 2 periglomerular cells that restricted their processes in the ON‐free (non‐ON) zone of the glomerulus and received few synapses from ON terminals. The mitral tufts varied in complexity, but individual branches were rather simple, smooth processes that bore some branchlets and spines and extended more or less in a straight line or a gentle curve rather than winding tortuously within glomeruli as though they did not consider the compartmental organization, which consisted of ON and non‐ON zones that interdigitated in a complex manner with one another. Conventional EM analysis revealed that both thin and thick, presumed proximal branches of mitral/tufted cell dendritic tufts received asymmetrical synapses from ON terminals. Correlated CLSM‐EM analysis confirmed direct contacts between the BDA‐ and CB‐labeled processes detected in the CLSM examinations, and synapses were recognized at some of those sites. Furthermore, ON terminals and CB‐IR processes were distributed on both proximal and distal dendritic branches in a more or less mosaic pattern. These findings revealed that, on the mitral dendritic tufts, ON terminals and processes of type 2 periglomerular neurons were not clearly segregated proximodistally but, rather, were arranged in a mosaic pattern, which may be important in fine tuning the output from individual glomeruli. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:219–235, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The distribution of eigenvalues of a Wishart matrix with correlation and application to MIMO capacity

We investigate the capacity distribution of spatially correlated MIMO channels. In particular, we consider MIMO systems with arbitrary correlation among the transmitting antennas or among the receiving antennas in frequency-flat Rayleigh fading environments. We derive a simple expression for the distribution of the eigenvalues of a Wishart matrix including correlation, and then a closed-form expression for the characteristic function (CF) of MIMO system capacity. Using the exact expression of the CF, the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function can be easily obtained, thus enabling the exact evaluation of the outage and mean capacity of spatially correlated MIMO channels.
Study on Per Capita Grain Demand Based on Chinese Reasonable Dietary Pattern

【Objective】To analyze the composition of China’s per-capita grain demand,ascertain the per-capita grain consumption on the basis of rational diet patterns to realize the limited resources utility maximization and provide new supporting data for China's food security,and provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate policies to guide the consumer.All of the researches above are based on people’s nutrition and health. 【Method】The demand for per capita rations,grain for fodder and processing in the balanced diet model were calculated by applying the Prandial Balance Analysis Method.The per capita demand for seeds,industry and wastage were calculated by using the Trend Prediction Method,and the Scenarios Analysis Method was adoped to discuss different influence degrees between the two results. 【Result】The per-capita grain demand based on balanced dietary pattern is no more than 400 kg.a-1.The low program is 252.64 kg.a-1 the middle program is 322.07 kg.a-1,and the high program is 386.60 kg.a-1.In recent years,the real per-capita grain consumption in China has been fluctuating between 406.09-378.88 kg.a-1,which is greater than per-capita grain demand in the balanced dietary pattern. 【Conclusion】If the per-capita grain demand in China reaches 322.07 kg.a-1,it will basically meet the per-capita demand for food security.If per-capita grain consumption reaches 386.60 kg.a-1,it will basically ensure the food security in China.The current residents’ irrational food consumption pattern brings about the differences between the per-capita grain demand based on the balanced dietary patterns and the real per-capita grain consumption.Therefore,the government should adjust the structure of food production,strengthen propaganda and popularization work of food consumption awareness about reasonable diet structure,and guide people to cultivate reasonable food consumption habits with the goal of nutrition and health.