Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Draft Identification of quantitative trait loci for seedling root traits from Tibetan semi-wild wheat ( Triticum aestivum ssp . tibetanum )

20 As a primitive hexaploid wheat resource distributed only in Tibet, Tibetan semi-wild 21 wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao) possesses unique characteristics that 22 could be exploited in wheat breeding program. A good root system could offer a stable 23 platform for the above-ground components. Aiming at detecting possible excellent 24 locus for root traits from Tibetan semi-wild wheat, we here identified QTLs for root 25 traits using a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between 26 Tibetan semi-wild wheat Q1028 and Zhengmai 9023. A total of 15 QTLs on 8 27 chromosomes were detected, including four major QTLs, QMrl.sau-7B, QTrl.sau-4B, 28 QAd.sau-7A and QSa.sau-4B. The phenotypic variation explained by each of these 29 QTLs ranges from 5.67 to 16.68 %. Positive alleles of 6 QTLs were derived from 30 Q1028. Several novel QTLs for root traits were identified. In addition, significant 31 correlations were detected amongst root traits and agronomic traits. Taken together, 32 the results suggested that Tibetan semi-wild wheat and the newly identified novel 33 QTLs could be useful in future breeding programs. 34
Asymptotic Analyses for Atmospheric Flows and the Construction of Asymptotically Adaptive Numerical Methods

Prandtl’s boundary layer theory may be considered one of the origins of systematic scale analysis and asymptotics in fluid mechanics. Due to the vast scale differences in atmospheric flows such analyses have a particularly strong tradition in theoretical meteorology. Simplified asymptotic limit equations,derive d through scale analysis,yield a deep insight into the dynamics of the atmosphere. Due to limited capacities of even the fastest computers, the use of such simplified equations has traditionally been a necessary precondition for successful approaches to numerical weather forecasting and climate modelling. In the face of the continuing increase of available compute power there is now a strong tendency to relax as many simplifying scaling assumptions as possible and to go back to more complete and more complex balance equations in atmosphere flow computations. However,the simplified equations obtained through scaling analyses are generally associated with singular asymptotic limits of the full governing equations,and this has important consequences for the numerical integration of the latter. In these singular limit regimes dominant balances of a few terms in the governing equations lead to degeneracies and singular changes of the mathematical structure of the equations. Numerical models based on comprehensive equation systems must simultaneously represent these dominant balances and the subtle,but important,deviations from them. These requirements are partly in contradiction,and this can lead to severe restrictions of the accuracy and/or efficiency of numerical models. The present paper makes a case for a somewhat unconventional use of the results of scale analyses and multiple scales asymptotics. It demonstrates how,thr ough the judicious implementation of asymptotic results,numeric al discretizations of the full governing equations can be designed so that they operate with uniform accuracy and efficiency even when a singular limit regime is approached.
Can current supply figures support the nutritional recommendation of fish consumption in Iran? A case-study of the challenges in front of a nutrition policy

"Fish consumption twice per week" recommendation has been adopted in many countries, including Iran, by Nutrition experts. Data derived from food balance sheets (FBSs) and national household food consumption surveys (NHFCSs) show that fish consumption has been increased in the last 20 years in Iran. The gap between supply and recommendation figures in order to analyze the feasibility of this policy however needs to be determined. In this study, we took current figures of fish supply and consumption in Iran and calculated the amount of fish needed to support the recommendation of fish consumption. Data obtained from FAOSTAT-FBSs in 1980-82, 1990-92 and 2000-02, and NHFCS reports in 1992-95 and 2001-03. Fish supplies needed to fulfill the nutritional policy were calculated based on 120 and 180 gr/caput/wk scenarios. Sharp increase happened in the average fish supply from 1980s to 1990s, but slowed down afterwards. In early 2000, fish availability and intake were 4.73 and 4.43 kg (as raw-whole fish)/capita/year, respectively. The amount of fish required to fulfill the recommendation were however calculated as 10.97 and 16.43 kg/caput/yr based on the two scenarios, respectively. This study reveals that the gap between present fish consumption and the amounts for nutritional goal is still big. Whether bridging this gap in terms of feasibility, ecological, environmental and logistical burdens is attainable, needs more evaluation. Nutrition educators should be aware of the effects of their campaigns on the nationwide food policy as well as on issues such as consumer demand, prices, and environment.
Facial Recognition based on Histogram Matching with Adaptive Threshold

Facial recognition was a field that was extensively studied in the past years but it is still an active area of research. This paper proposes a new method by matching histogram with adaptive threshold. The proposed method is simple but effective and it can be use for real-time system. Publicly available AT&T database is used for the evaluation of the proposed method, which is consisted of 40 subjects with 10 images per subject containing variations in lighting, posing, and expressions. The proposed method provides a recognition rate higher than 99% and a verification error lower than 1%.
The spatio-temporal distribution of lightning over Israel and the neighboring area and its relation to regional synoptic systems

Abstract. The spatio-temporal distribution of lightning flashes over Israel and the neighboring area and its relation to the regional synoptic systems has been studied, based on data obtained from the Israel Lightning Location System (ILLS) operated by the Israel Electric Corporation (IEC). The system detects cloud-to-ground lightning discharges in a range of ~500 km around central Israel (32.5° N, 35° E). The study period was defined for annual activity from August through July, for 5 seasons in the period 2004–2010. The spatial distribution of lightning flash density indicates the highest concentration over the Mediterranean Sea, attributed to the contribution of moisture as well as sensible and latent heat fluxes from the sea surface. Other centers of high density appear along the coastal plain, orographic barriers, especially in northern Israel, and downwind from the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv, Israel. The intra-annual distribution shows an absence of lightning during the summer months (JJA) due to the persistent subsidence over the region. The vast majority of lightning activity occurs during 7 months, October to April. Although over 65 % of the rainfall in Israel is obtained during the winter months (DJF), only 35 % of lightning flashes occur in these months. October is the richest month, with 40 % of total annual flashes. This is attributed both to tropical intrusions, i.e., Red Sea Troughs (RST), which are characterized by intense static instability and convection, and to Cyprus Lows (CLs) arriving from the west. Based on daily study of the spatial distribution of lightning, three patterns have been defined; "land", "maritime" and "hybrid". CLs cause high flash density over the Mediterranean Sea, whereas some of the RST days are typified by flashes over land. The pattern defined "hybrid" is a combination of the other 2 patterns. On CL days, only the maritime pattern was noted, whereas in RST days all 3 patterns were found, including the maritime pattern. It is suggested that atmospheric processes associated with RST produce the land pattern. Hence, the occurrence of a maritime pattern in days identified as RST reflects an "apparent RST". The hybrid pattern was associated with an RST located east of Israel. This synoptic type produced the typical flash maximum over the land, but the upper-level trough together with the onshore winds it induced over the eastern coast of the Mediterranean resulted in lightning activity over the sea as well, similar to that of CLs. It is suggested that the spatial distribution patterns of lightning may better identify the synoptic system responsible, a CL, an "active RST" or an "apparent RST". The electrical activity thus serves as a "fingerprint" for the synoptic situation responsible for its generation.
Sonority Effects in the Production of Consonant Clusters by Spanish-Speaking Children

There have been numerous studies on children’s acquisition of consonant clusters. The available published research shows that systematic reduction patterns are common in the process of acquiring such structures (McLeod et al., 2001; Smit, 1993). This systematicity occurs not only within children’s sound systems, but also across children’s sound systems, specifically in terms of the nature of the error patterns on clusters. To be precise, there is one trend identified in the literature on cluster acquisition which is referred to as “sonority-based onset selection” (Pater and Barlow, 2003), in which the least sonorous segment of the target cluster is preserved (e.g., Barlow, 1997; Chin, 1996; Gnanadesikan, in press; Ohala, 1996; Ohala, 1999), following a sonority scale such as that in (1). To take an example, a cluster such as /br-/ would reduce to [b], while /-nt-/ would reduce to [t].
Cost-effective dynamic repair for FPGAs in real-time systems

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in digital systems due to characteristics such as flexibility, low cost and high density. These characteristics are due to the use of SRAM memory cells in the configuration memory, which make these devices susceptible to radiation-induced errors, such as SEUs. TMR is the most used mitigation technique, but it has an elevated cost both in area as well as in energy, restricting its use in low cost/low energy applications. As an alternative to TMR, we propose the use of DMR associated with a repair mechanism of the FPGA configuration memory called scrubbing. The repair of FPGA in real-time systems present a specific set of challenges. Besides guaranteeing the correct computation of data, this computation must be completely carried out within the available time (time-slot), being finalized before a time limit (deadline). The difference between the computation time and the deadline is called the slack and is the time available to repair the system. This work uses a dynamic shifted scrubbing that aims to maximize the repair probability of the configuration memory of the FPGA within the available slack based on error diagnostic. The shifted scrubbing was already proposed with fine-grained diagnostic techniques (NAZAR, 2015). This work proposes the use of coarse-grained diagnostic technique as a way to avoid the performance penalties and area costs associated to finegrained techniques. Circuits of the MCNC suite were protected by the proposed techniques and subject to error-injection campaigns (NAZAR; CARRO, 2012a). The obtained data was analyzed and the best scrubbing starting positions for each circuit were calculated. The Failure-in-Time (FIT) rates were calculated to compare the different proposed diagnostic techniques. The obtained results validated the initial hypothesis of this work that the reduction of the number of sensitive bits and a low degradation of the clock cycle allowed a reduced FIT rate when compared with fine-grained diagnostic techniques. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed techniques, considering performance and area costs associated to each one.
Transcription Factors and MicroRNA Interplay: A New Strategy for Crop Improvement

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors are master regulators of the cellular sys- tem. Plant genomes contain thousands of protein-coding and non-coding RNA genes; which are differentially expressed in different tissues at different times during growth and development. Complex regulatory networks that are controlled by transcription factors and microRNAs, which coordinate gene expression. Transcription factors, the key regulators of plant growth and development, are the targets of the miRNAs families. The combinatorial regulation of transcription factors and miRNAs guides the appropriate implementation of biological events and developmental processes. The resources on the regulatory cascades of transcription factors and miRNAs are available in the context of human diseases, but these resources are meager in case of plant diseases. On the other hand, it is also important to understand the cellular and physiological events needed to operate the miRNAs networks. The relationship between transcription factors and miRNA in different plant species described in this chapter will be of great interest to plant scientists, providing better insights into the mechanism of action and interactions among transcription factors (TFs) and miRNA networks culminating in improving key agronomic traits for crop improvement to meet the future global food demands.
Evaluation of a commercially available organic acid product during Feed Withdrawal and its relation to carcass shrink in commercial turkeys.

The transport of live animals has important economic and welfare implications. A commerciallyavailable organic acid product (Optimizer ) was added to the drinking water of commercial hen turkeys TM during preslaughter Feed Withdrawal (FW) in two trials. In trial 1, a total of 60 trailers from treated (OA) or control non-treated turkey houses were evaluated. Turkey farmers initiated water treatment on the day before pick up (8-12 h treatment according to label directions). Investigators recorded trailer numbers as they were loaded out of each house to confirm which trailers contained treated birds vs. control non-treated birds. Individual trailer weights were recorded upon arrival to the processing plant and again immediately prior to live hang. A significant reduction in rate of weight loss during holding at the processing plant was observed in the treated turkeys (719 g/min per OA treated trailer vs. 845 g/min per control trailer). In trial 2, two commercial market age turkey houses were selected and in each house, 400 birds were weighed and recorded as a representative sampling. The treated house received OA administered according to manufacturer’s directions continuously for 19 h. At the end of this time, 400 birds were weighed and recorded as a representative sampling. A significant (p<0.05) improvement of average body weights was observed in treated turkeys during 19 h (125 g treated vs. 35 g control), an average of 90 grams difference. Experiments are ongoing to measure water consumption during the FW that may explain the reduction in carcass shrinkage during transportation to the processing plant and increased body weights at the farm by increasing hydration of turkeys treated with OA.
Genting plantation berhad performance and risk

The study investigated the company performanace and risk the company will bear. The purpose of this study were 1) to analyse the Genting Plantation Berhad performance, 2) to analyse the four risk which is credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and market risk, 3) to determines company performance using return of assets. Methodology for this study is five previous year analysis for Genting Plantation Berhad annual report starting 2011-2015. Data collected and measured with to determine risk and performance by using ratio calculation. The company performance is measured by ROA. The findings show credit risk, operational have a negative significant while market risk has positive significant with ROA.
MITIGATION OF SALINITY EFFECTS ON SESBANIA ACULEATA L., THROUGH ENHANCED AVAILABILITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Experiments were conducted to assess the effect of CO2 on growth and nitrogen fixation in Sesbania aculeata L. , under different salinity and water regimes. Salinization of soil led to decrease in different growth attributes of the plants. The negative effect of salinity was mitigated to a significant extent at elevated CO2. Growth and N content of the plants was better when grown at 25 than 15% soil moisture level. Roots of Sesbania were densely nodulated, the weight of nodules being reduced with the increase in salinity but more at higher moisture level. The analysis of shoot material for total N and 15 N showed significant amounts of N2 being fixed by the plants. The shoot contained 23-67% of the N from fixation under different growth conditions and 33-77% from the soil. Contribution of biological fixed N to the total N content of shoots decreased with salinity but was more at higher moisture in all the cases. Enclosure of plants in the polyethylene chamber led to an increase in the contribution of biologically fixed N to the total N of shoots irrespective of the soil conditions. Soil salinity had in general a depressing effect on contribution of biologically fixed N suggesting a decrease in the rhizobial activity vis-a-vis decreased photosynthate supply to the root-zone. Significantly higher amounts of N seemed to have been fixed at 25% than 15% soil moisture. Elevated CO2 favoured N2 fixation leading to a greater contribution of fixed N to the total plant N.
The Role Of Industry Structure, Costs, And Economic Spillovers In Determining State Employment Growth Rates

We examine differential state employment growth by appraising the relative effects of traditional cost factors versus knowledge and technology spillovers. One emphasis is the influence that industry composition has on employment growth. Traditional cost factors examined include wage rates, unionization, taxes, and government policies such as unemployment insurance and welfare programs. The results suggest that industry composition does influence growth, working through several different avenues. In addition, taxes and other cost factors also significantly influence employment growth. Conversely, there was less evidence to suggest that knowledge spillovers play a significant role in determining state employment growth.
Statistical sensitivity analysis and water quality

In this paper, concepts and methods of statistical sensitivity analysis (SA) of computer models are reviewed and discussed in relation to water quality analysis and modelling. The starting point of this approach is based on modelling the uncertainty of the computer code by probability distributions. Despite the fact that computer models are generally speaking non-stochastic, in the sense that if we rerun the code we get the same result, the stochastic approach turns out to be useful to understand how the input uncertainty is propagated through the computer code into the output uncertainty. We follow the standard approach to SA which is based on variance decomposition and consider three levels of SA. At the Orst or preliminary level, we discuss DOE and response surface methodologies in order to get a first estimate of the input influences on the model output. At the second level, going further into modelling the relationship between computer model inputs and outputs, we assume that different computer runs are independent. We then discuss techniques derived from Monte Carlo input simulations and regression analysis. At the third level, recognizing that, since the computer model is actually non-stochastic, the errors are often smoother than independent errors, we consider the geostatistical SA which is based on assuming that the error of the computer code emulator is a stochastic process with positive correlation which gets higher as two inputs get closer.
An ionic liquid–organics–water ternary biphasic system enhances the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yield in catalytic conversion of glucose at high concentrations

Increasing the glucose loading in the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid containing a dissolved CrCl3 catalyst system led to excessive formation of humins and a serious decrease in the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) yield. A biphasic system containing glycol dimethyl ether (GDE) as the extraction phase, and [BMIM]Cl/CrCl3/glucose in combination with a partitioned amount of GDE and an appropriate amount of water as the reaction phase was found to be highly efficient for the reaction; CrCl3 catalyzed the formation of 5-HMF in 64.5 mol% yield from a very high glucose concentration (80 wt% with respect to the ionic liquid) at 108 °C. This 5-HMF yield in the [BMIM]Cl–GDE–H2O ternary biphasic system nearly doubled that obtained in the single [BMIM]Cl/CrCl3/glucose reaction phase. Importantly, the GDE phase contained about 56% of the generated 5-HMF without detectable contamination by the ionic liquid or carbohydrates. GDE served multiple functions: as a hydrogen-bond acceptor, it exhibited excellent extraction performance for 5-HMF; due to its low boiling point and suitable solubility saturation point in the ionic liquid, a sustained GDE bubbling phenomenon in the ionic liquid phase was observed that promoted the rate of inter-phase mass-transfer of 5-HMF in reactions; and GDE mediated the [BMIM]Cl phase to a reduced viscosity. In addition, an appropriate amount of water in the ternary system promoted the extraction efficiency of 5-HMF and also lowered the viscosity of [BMIM]Cl/glucose. The ionic liquid–organics–water ternary biphasic system has been demonstrated for high 5-HMF productivity and separation efficiency.
Mannar Volcanics - Implications for Madagascar Breakup

Summary Mannar sub basin of Cauvery basin is the southern- most of the Mesozoic rift basins existing along eastern continental margin of India and lies between Indian coast and Sri Lanka. The volcanic activities within Turonian sediments so typical of Gulf of Mannar are seen in almost all the drilled wells but have not been reported from any of the other sub basins of Cauvery basin. This is also reported in Pearl-1 well of Mannar sub basin in Sri Lankan offshore. Taking clue from the pattern of reflectors corresponding to intrusions, seismic study has been extended to the deeper part of Gulf of Mannar and also in its western part (towards Comorin ridge side) and observed the spread of this igneous activity which covers quite a large area. Recent dating through 40 Ar- 39 Ar studies carried out on one core sample of drilled well GM-E-A is around 89.1+0.65 Ma (Rathore et al., 2007). This age of the intrusive matches excellently with radiometric age for the Madagascar flood basalt province, the felsic volcanics of St Mary’s Island (SMI), two late Cretaceous mafic dykes around Huliyardurga, Karnataka and two regional dykes from Kerala region of South-western India. Together, therefore, the volcanic activities around these places may be associated with the break up of Greater India (India plus Seychelles) and Madagascar, envisaged to have occurred in Upper Cretaceous at  88Ma.