Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth and body composition of control and IGF-I transgenic pigs

L'acide linoleique conjugue (CLA) et la presence du transgene IGF-I ont tous deux des effets sur la composition corporelle du porc. L'objectif de cette etude etait de comparer la croissance et la composition corporelle de porcs normaux et transgeniques IGF-I recevant dans leur ration du CLA. Des porcs transgeniques exprimant le gene IGF-I (TG) et des porcs temoins (C) ont ete produits en croisant 2 verrats transgeniques de la meme famille avec des truies normales. A 60 kg, chaque porc a ete scanne par absorptiometrie biphotonique a rayons X (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) et a recu une ration avec 18 % de matieres azotees, contenant soit 2,0 % d'huile de mais (CO), soit 1,2 % d'huile de mais et 0,8 % de CLA. Ainsi 4 combinaisons genotypes x rations ont ete obtenues : C-CO (n=25), C-CLA (n=25), TG-CO (n=24) et TG-CLA (n=23). Chaque porc a ete de nouveau scanne a 110 kg. Tous ont ete abattus a 120 kg et leur demi-carcasse droite scannee et analysee chimiquement. Les resultats de la scanographie faite a 60 kg montrent que les porcs TG avaient une teneur moindre en gras (15,0 %) que les porcs C (18,8 %, P < 0,05). Durant la periode de croissance de 60 a 110 kg, le gain tissulaire des groupes C-CO, C-CLA, TG-CO et TG-CLA se composait de 16,6, 14,5, 13,2 et 13,0 kg de gras (P < 0,05, C-CO vs. C-CLA et C vs. TG) et 30,6, 32,6, 33,7 et 33,8 kg de viande maigre (P < 0,05, C-CO vs. C-CLA et C vs. TG), respectivement. La croissance osseuse n'a montre que de faibles variations. Pour les memes groupes, la teneur en gras de la demi-carcasse, mesuree par analyse chimique, etait de 29,2,27,1,23,8 et 22,8 % (P < 0,05, C-CO vs. C-CLA et C vs. TG) respectivement. D'une maniere generale, les effets du CLA ont ete moins prononces sur la composition corporelle et sur la carcasse que ceux dus a la presence du transgene IGF-I, mais ils ont ete semblables durant la periode experimentale de 60 a 110 kg. Les porcs TG ont ete moins sensibles a l'apport de CLA que les porcs temoins.
Humanoide Laufmaschinen

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick der Forschung an voll aktuierten, humanoiden Laufmaschinen. Neben einer allgemeinen Einführung wird ein kurzer Abriss der Geschichte humanoider Roboter gegeben. Die bekanntesten Systeme werden nach Forschungszentren gegliedert vorgestellt. Aufbauend auf einer kurzen Einführung zu grundlegenden Aspekten der Dynamik des zweibeinigen Gehens werden die am weitesten verbreiteten Strategien zur Laufregelung dargestellt. Am Ende des Artikels wird auf einige offene Fragestellungen eingegangen. Abstract This paper surveys research on fully actuated humanoid walking machines. After a general introduction we briefly review the history of humanoid robots. We present the most prominent examples of current biped robots. Following a brief introduction of basic aspects of the dynamics of biped robots we review popular walking control methods. A brief review of open research questions concludes the paper.
Customized Bundling and Consumption Variety of Digital Information Goods

Customized bundling retail strategies have become increasingly popular online. In customized bundling, consumers decide the bundle's components, and the effects of this change on consumption variety have important implications for information goods retailers. Although reduction in transaction and search costs increases supply-side product variety, customized bundling can introduce new types of friction in the consumption process. We show that customization of information good bundles reduces consumption variety through two effects: design cost effects and compromise effects. We present the results of three behavioral experiments and an empirical study using sales data from a national music retailer. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the effects of customized bundling on search costs and demand-side dynamics. The results provide insights for information goods retailers on the effects of design and search costs on consumer purchasing behavior. Implications for the design of retail platforms for customizable information goods are discussed.
Routing strategies for optical paths in WDM networks

Future optical networks will be operated with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Three different routing strategies for optical paths are presented here to perform allocation of resources (wavelengths) in WDM optical networks. Resource allocation has been studied with two different approaches, based respectively on wavelength routing and wavelength translation schemes. The implications of these routing strategies on WDM network dimensioning are explained and the results are illustrated on a European Optical Network test-case showing a major reduction of the number of needed fibres and pointing out the interest of wavelength translation.
Molecular Distributions in the Inner Regions of Protostellar Disks

The distributions of molecules in the inner regions of a protostellar disk are presented. These were calculated using an uncoupled chemical/dynamical model, with a numerical integration of the vertical disk struc- ture. A comparison between models with and without the eects of X-ray ionisation is made, and molecules are identied which are good tracers of the ionisation level in this part of the disk, notably CN and C2H. In the re- gion considered in this paper (r 10 AU), the chemistry is dominated by the thermal desorption of species from grains. This shows that a critically important detail in this region of the disk, as far as molecular distributions are concerned, is the temperature prole. We nd that not all of the gaseous material is frozen onto grain surfaces at 10 AU, and we identify species, including some organic molecules, which should exist in observable quantities in the inner regions of protostellar disks.
Measuring political brand equity: a consumer oriented approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of how voters view the political brand by analysing the mental maps that voters create when asked to think about a political party. The analysis is both in terms of the nature of the maps and also in terms of the equity associated with a map.Design/methodology/approach – A consumer‐oriented approach is developed for mapping the political brand. The brand maps are analysed to discern brand characteristics. Furthermore, methods are developed to assess the power of political brands and concomitantly, political brand equity.Findings – The method provides interesting insights into the nature and equity of brand associations for the two main political protagonists, i.e. Conservative and Labour. Key branded characteristics are highlighted for each party, both in terms of general structure, and also those associations that form a central role in voters' maps. For the partisan sample chosen, both parties are shown to have strong brand equity, with .
Prostate cancer cell lines lack amplification: Overexpression of HER2

The potential overexpression of HER2 in prostate cancer cells has attended significant interest during the past few years, both as potential target for HER2 pathway focused therapy and as a mechanism involved in the progression to androgen independence. Conflicting results have been reported concerning HER2 status on clinical material, differences which generally have been attributed to methodological differences. Nevertheless, HER2 has been utilized for targeted therapy of prostate cancer in a number of preclinical studies and is still regarded as an exciting target molecule. In this study, the HER2 status of three widely used prostate cancer cell lines and corresponding xenografts has been analysed. By use of validated and FDA approved analytical staining techniques none of these cell lines or xenografts were shown to overexpress/amplify HER2, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and fluorescense in situ hybridization. These findings are important for the interpretation and understanding of the therapeutic effects when developing drugs targeting HER2 in prostate cancer cell lines and also emphasize the importance of using broad and validated analytical techniques.
Olfactory testing differentiates between progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Olfactory dysfunction occurs in most patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we sought to determine whether such dysfunction is also present in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a condition which shares a number of motor symptoms with PD and is commonly misdiagnosed as PD. We administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, a standardized test of odor identification ability, to 21 PSP patients; 17 also received a forced-choice odor detection threshold test. We compared the olfactory test scores to those obtained from PD patients and normal controls matched to the PSP patients on the basis of age, sex, and smoking habits. Overall, the olfactory function of the PSP patients was markedly superior to that of the PD patients and did not differ significantly from that of the normal controls. There was no association in either the PSP or PD patient groups between (1) the olfactory test scores and (2) measures of motor symptom severity, disease stage, and medication usage. These findings demonstrate that patients with PSP and PD differ markedly in their ability to smell and suggest that olfactory testing may be useful in their differential diagnosis.
Neonatal Seizures: Historic Note and Present Controversies

Seizures occurring in the neonatal period have been studied extensively for several decades by clinicians and, more recently, have become the focus of many laboratory investigators. Two issues on which there is some lively controversy are taxonomy (which are true seizures and which are not) and the question of whether ictal events occurring at this epoch of life have harmful consequences. At the IX International Congress of Pediatrics held in Tokyo in 1965, I was invited to report results of a prospective study, conducted with Dr. Rose, on 173 newborns with seizures (1,2). Among the statements made at the time were (a) that seizures are the most frequent neurologic problem in the newborn nursery and occur more frequently than at any other period of human life; (b) outcome of these neonates with seizures varies dramatically: about half will die or will survive with serious deficits, whereas the others will escape with few or no sequelae; (c) most neonatal seizures appear to be epiphenomena of insults occurring before, during, or after birth, or of transient, metabolic, systemic disorders; thus three of four are symptomatic; (d) outcome appears dictated mainly by the etiologic factors rather than by harmful effects of the seizures per se; (e) of laboratory investigations available in 1965, EEG polygraphy offers considerable assistance in the formulation of prognosis and, at times, leads to unsuspected diagnosis; and (0 because neonatal seizures differ markedly in morphology from those occurring in older infants, a distinct classification is proposed. Now, 3 decades later, several of these statements appear still to hold true, but other statements are hotly debated.
Test Patterns for Verilog Design Error Localization

In this article we briefly state the idea behind modelbased diagnosis and its application to debugging RTL (Register Transfer Level) Verilog designs. In providing a debugging model for the Verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language) we rely on a specific abstraction (trace semantics) that captures solely quiescent states of the design. In this vein we manage to overcome the inherent complexity issues of event-based Verilog without relying on specific fault models. To leverage test patterns for design error localization we propose the filtering approach and relate it to the concept of Ackermann constraints. Notably, our empirical results demonstrate that our novel technique considerably increases the diagnosis resolution even under presence of only a couple of test cases. The article outlines a case study comprising several circuits, where the proposed technique allowed one for excluding 95 per cent of the Verilog code from being faulty by merely considering a couple of test cases.
The distribution of salicylate in mouse tissues after intraperitoneal injection

The concentrations of salicylate and its principal metabolites were measured in blood, liver, brain, kidney, heart, spleen, diaphragm and skeletal muscle after the intraperitoneal injection of a fixed amount of radioactive salicylate and varying doses of unlabelled salicylate. The patterns of distribution of salicylate in the various organs with time were similar, the peak level being attained in 30–60 min after injection. Salicylate was eliminated from the blood after 8 hr but persisted in liver in measurable amounts up to 24 hr.
Ionic mechanisms mediating 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and noradrenaline‐evoked depolarization of adult rat facial motoneurones.

1. The actions of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and noradrenaline (NA) on the membrane properties of facial motoneurones in slices from the adult rat brainstem in vitro were examined using intracellular recording techniques. 2. In voltage clamp recording, hyperpolarizing voltage steps (> 20 mV), from holding potentials at or close to the resting potential, induced a slowly activating, voltage‐dependent inward current possessing properties similar to the hyperpolarization‐activated current (Ih) seen in other cell types. From tail current analysis two groups of facial motoneurones can be distinguished in terms of the activation range for Ih, one with a half‐maximal activation at ‐81 mV and the other at ‐94 mV but with similar shapes. 3. 5‐HT (120/126) and NA (21/21) depolarized facial motoneurones. The reversal potentials (Em) obtained from peak voltage amplitude I‐V plots in varying extracellular potassium concentrations suggested mechanisms involving a decrease in K+ conductance. 4. Under voltage clamp, close to the resting potential, both 5‐HT (39/41) and NA (13/13) evoked inward currents. 5. I‐V plots and plots of 5‐HT‐sensitive current at different membrane potentials, obtained from currents evoked by voltage steps and measured before the development of Ih (instantaneous current), indicated that the 5‐HT‐evoked inward current was predominately associated with a decrease in conductance but with a range of reversal potentials for 5‐HT (E5‐HT) from close to, to much more negative than the reversal potential for a potassium conductance (EK). In some cases no change or increases in instantaneous conductance were observed. 6. Steady‐state I‐V relationships and plots of 5‐HT‐sensitive current, measured after development of Ih, indicated a 5‐HT‐associated conductance increase with a time and voltage dependence close to that of Ih, which could be abolished by extracellular caesium (2‐5 mM). 7. The NA‐evoked inward current was always associated with a decrease in conductance. Instantaneous and steady‐state I‐V relationships as well as plots of NA‐sensitive current indicated a reversal potential at EK. 8. The activation curve for Ih was shifted to more positive potentials in the presence of 5‐HT. The time constant for activation of Ih showed a similar shift. 9. 5‐Carboxamidotryptamine (5‐CT), a 5‐HT receptor agonist, was selective for the enhancement of Ih and only evoked an inward current when the holding potential was within the activation range of Ih. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cell-Based Gene Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Journeys in Translational Medicine.

> “As you set out for Ithaka, hope the voyage is a long one, full of adventure, full of discovery. > > Keep Ithaka always in your mind. Arriving there is what you are destined for… > > But do not hurry the journey at all. Better if it lasts for years, so you are old by the time you reach the island, > > wealthy with all you have gained on the way, not expecting Ithaka to make you rich… > > And if you find her poor, Ithaka won’t have fooled you. > > Wise as you will have become, so full of experience, you will have understood by then > > what these Ithakas mean. ” > > from Ithaka, by C.P. Cavafy1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a relatively rare but fatal disease. However, with the advances in diagnostic tools and our organized approach (most tertiary-care centers now have PAH programs), we now know that PAH is more common than we thought even 15 years ago, although precise estimates of global incidence and prevalence are lacking. PAH is projected to become a 5-billion-dollar industry by the end of this decade,2 as most of the approved 3 classes of therapies (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors/cGMP modulators, endothelin antagonists, and prostacyclin analogues) are expensive. The vast majority of clinical trials with these drugs have been short (≤6 months) and have not included mortality as a primary end point, and there is no prospective evidence that these therapies can prolong life or reverse the progression of the disease. On the other hand, it seems that they can improve symptoms or decrease hospitalizations.3 The ultimate treatment remains lung transplantation, and there are currently no therapies to treat the major complication of the disease, that is, right ventricular failure. Yet, there are myriads of promising therapies at the preclinical stage.3 Like in many other …
Parameter heterogeneity in the market-accounting relation : The need for dynamic firm-level modelling in capital market research

In this paper firm parameter heterogeneity in cross section regression analysis in capital market research (CMR) is investigated. Using panel data for 30 large US firms over the period 1955 to 2004, a well-specified common form of dynamic mo del for each firm is identified. Average parameter estimates from these models are compared to average parameter estimates from 50 annual cross section models having the same functional for m. The dynamic parameters are mostly stable over time but variation in individual firm paramete rs is apparent. Analysis shows that even wellspecified annual cross section models using large s amples of data cannot guarantee valid and reliable estimates of the parameters of interest. Firm-level dynamic analysis is necessary to avoid this problem. We show how a fixed effects panel analysis of the s ample data can be used to approximate the average data generating process of the firms in the sample. Although the impact of accounting variables is slight, compared to the autoregressive component in market value, it is systematic. There is weak evidence of cointegration between market an d accounting data in most firms in the sample. Consequently, it is possible to construct the cross section analogue of the dynamic error correction model. Book value of net assets is used to illustra te the role of accounting variables. Other variable s could be used, but single variable, multiplicative noise models perform best when judged by joint explanatory power and forecast ability criteria.
Evidence of an antifibrotic effect of immunosuppressive drugs: applications in the treatment of systemic sclerosis

This review aims to present how a better understanding of the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis and of the pivotal role of extracellular matrix components supports the use of various immunosuppressive drugs to treat systemic sclerosis (SSc). Recent experimental data demonstrating the antifibrotic effect of several immunosuppressive drugs, independently of their immunosuppressive action, must be put into context with the clinical results observed in immunosuppressed SSc patients. Ciclophosphamide is now considered the drug of choice for interstitial lung disease in SSc and in rapidly progressive diffuse SSc. Since 1996, this drug has been used at higher doses for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, permitting rapid and durable clinical and histological regression of skin fibrosis.
Mode-Locked All-Fiber Lasers at Both Anomalous and Normal Dispersion Regimes Based on Spin-Coated   $\hbox{MoS}_{2}$ Nano-Sheets on a Side-Polished Fiber

We demonstrate an all-fiberized mode-locked laser by employing Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) spin-coated onto a side-polished fiber (SPF) as an in-line saturable absorber. Single crystal MoS2 has been exfoliated via the Li intercalation method and then dispersed with large population of few-layer MoS2 nano-sheets in ethanol. Subsequently, a saturable absorber has been prepared using a relatively simple method: spin-coating the uniform MoS2 solution on the fabricated SPF without using any polymer or toxic procedure. Power-dependent transmission property of the prepared MoS2 nano-sheets on the SPF was experimentally analyzed, providing the feasibility to apply it as an efficient in-line saturable absorption behavior. By deploying the MoS2 SPF into a fiber laser cavity with finely tuned laser pump power and cavity dispersion, mode-locked pulses were obtained at anomalous and normal dispersion of the laser cavity. The self-started soliton pulses at the anomalous dispersion regime were generated with a spectral bandwidth of 9.96 nm at 1584 nm and a pulse duration of 521 fs. Moreover, by managing the dispersion to the normal regime, stable pulses at net-normal intra-cavity dispersion with 11.9 ps pulse duration were obtained with a spectral bandwidth of 18.2 nm at 1570 nm. The results prove the effectiveness of developing MoS2 saturable absorbers and applications for pulsed laser operation.
EFFECT OF HIGH DIMENSION: BY AN EXAMPLE OF A TWO SAMPLE PROBLEM

With the rapid development of modern computing techniques, statisticians are dealing with data with much higher dimension. Consequently, due to their loss of accuracy or power, some classical statistical inferences are being challenged by non-exact approaches. The purpose of this paper is to point out and brie y analyze such a phenomenon and to encourage statisticians to reexamine classical statistical approaches when they are dealing with high dimensional data. As an example, we derive the asymptotic power of the classical Hotelling's T 2 test and Dempster's nonexact test for a two-sample problem. Also, an asymptotically normally distributed test statistic is proposed. Our results show that both Dempster's non-exact test and the new test have higher power than Hotelling's test when the data dimension is proportionally close to the within sample degrees of freedom. Although our new test has an asymptotic power function similar to Dempster's, it does not rely on the normality assumption. Some simulation results are presented which show that the non-exact tests are more powerful than Hotelling's test even for moderately large dimension and sample sizes.
Haemolytic‐uraemic syndrome in the Hunter: public health implications

Abstract: Three cases of haemolytic‐uraemic syndrome in the Hunter area were reported in February 1995. An investigation was initiated to identify any verocytotoxic Escherichia coli in clinical samples that could be associated with the development of the disease. Escherichia coli O6:H‐ and O2:H7 were isolated from Case 1. No organisms were identified for Case 2, and Case 3 samples yielded Campylobacter jejuni. In addition, efforts were made to trace sources of any such pathogens in food samples or in the environment generally. Shiga‐like toxins were found in meat products sampled from butchers' shops patronised by the families of the three cases. However, it was not found possible to match stool samples with samples of food from sources used by the families of the children. Environmental factors seemed likely to have played a significant role in the development of haemolytic‐uraemic syndrome in Case 3. It is suggested that the incidence of the disease may be reduced by increasing the frequency of testing of meat products for Shiga‐like toxins I and II and through educational and research programs.