Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Syllables In Speech Processing: Evidence From Perceptual Epenthesis

This chapter discusses evidence that listeners do parse the speech stream into higher order prosodic groupings during the process of speech perception. It shows that listeners are sensitive to syllabically defined allophonic distributions. The chapter briefly reviews some existing evidence for the mental reality of such higher order prosodic structures in both production and perception. It discusses a few examples of the evidence that language users do use syllables both in production and perception. The chapter follows in the footsteps of earlier research on perceptual epenthesis by showing that listeners perceive illusory vowels in order to arrive at a final percept that is syllabically well-formed. Some of the implications of a speech production model are tested in experiments discussed here. Specifically in this model, prosodic parsing is performed on the acoustic representation. Keywords: allophonic distributions; language users; listeners; perceptual epenthesis; prosodic parsing; speech processing; syllables
MORTALITY DIFFERENTIAL, LABOR TAXATION AND GROWTH: WHAT DO WE LEARN FROM THE BARRO-BECKER MODEL?

We revisit the seminal paper on endogenous fertility by Barro and Becker (1989) taking into account households' heterogeneity in terms of capital endowments, mortality differential and cost per surviving child. Focusing on an endogenous growth version, we show at first that there exists a unique balanced growth path (BGP) where the population growth rates of all dynasties are identical. Then, we study the long-run effects of shocks on mortality rates (such as epidemics), mortality differential and total factor productivity (TFP) on the economic and demographic growth rates. The main mechanism rests on the adjustment of the average rearing cost of a surviving child. Finally, we extend the model considering the effects of labor taxation. We find that a higher tax rate may, on the one side, enhance growth but, on the other side, raise wealth inequalities.
Persistence of intense, climate-driven runoff late in Mars history

Mars once supported globally-distributed river systems; these flowed more recently and more intensely than previously thought. Mars is dry today, but numerous precipitation-fed paleo-rivers are found across the planet’s surface. These rivers’ existence is a challenge to models of planetary climate evolution. We report results indicating that, for a given catchment area, rivers on Mars were wider than rivers on Earth today. We use the scale (width and wavelength) of Mars paleo-rivers as a proxy for past runoff production. Using multiple methods, we infer that intense runoff production of >(3–20) kg/m2 per day persisted until <3 billion years (Ga) ago and probably <1 Ga ago, and was globally distributed. Therefore, the intense runoff production inferred from the results of the Mars Science Laboratory rover was not a short-lived or local anomaly. Rather, precipitation-fed runoff production was globally distributed, was intense, and persisted intermittently over >1 Ga. Our improved history of Mars’ river runoff places new constraints on the unknown mechanism that caused wet climates on Mars.
Adjoint-Derived Impact of Assimilated Observations on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts of Hurricane Joaquin (2015) and Hurricane Matthew (2016)

The adjoint-derived observation impact method is used as a diagnostic to derive the impact of assimilated observations on a metric representing the forecast intensity of a tropical cyclone (TC). Storm-centered composites of observation impact and the model background state are computed across 6-hourly analysis/forecast cycles to compute the composite observation impact throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Joaquin (2015) to evaluate the impact of in situ wind and temperature observations in the upper and lower troposphere, as well as the impact of brightness temperature and precipitable water observations, on intensity forecasts with forecast lengths from 12 to 48 h. The compositing across analysis/forecast cycles allows for the exploration of consistent relationships between the synoptic-scale state of the initial conditions and the impact of observations that are interpreted as flow-dependent interactions between model background bias and correction by assimilated observations on the TC intensity forecast. The track of Hurricane Matthew (2016), with an extended period of time near the coasts of Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas, allows for a comparison of the impact of aircraft reconnaissance observations with the impact of nearby overland rawinsonde observations available within the same radius of the TC.
Focused Ion Beam Surface Preparation for Plasma Facing Materials

Focused ion beam surface preparation for plasma facing materials Tungsten is one of the most important nuclear fusion structural materials for use as a plasma facing component in fusion reactors. However, in a critical range of temperatures a unique surface morphology known as “nanofuzz” forms when exposed to He-containing plasma. The so-called nanofuzz grows with increased exposure times, yet the tendrils remain in the size range of 10s of nanometers of diameter, forming a many-microns thick layer [1]. Understanding the exact formation mechanism of nanofuzz requires identifying structures and surface morphology within the top 10 nanometers of a tungsten sample after exposure to various He plasma and temperature conditions.
Intermediaries and Product Quality in Used Car Markets

We examine used car dealers’ roles as intermediaries. We present empirical evidence supporting that cars sold by dealers have higher quality: (1) dealer transaction prices are higher than private market prices and this dealer premium increases in the age of the car as a ratio and is hump-shaped in dollar value, and (2) used cars purchased from dealers are less likely to be resold immediately. We formalize a model to show that these empirical facts can be rationalized either when dealers serve to alleviate information asymmetry between sellers and buyers or when dealers facilitate assortative matching between heterogenous-quality cars and heterogeneous consumers. Lastly, based on predictions of the model, we use the data to distinguish these two theories and find evidence for both, but the preponderance of the evidence supports the asymmetric information theory.
Novel Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel Alloy in Acidic Medium of 1N HCl Synthesized from Graphene Oxide

In this study, two nano-derivatives from nano-Graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized. Regarding to GON and GOS by reaction GO with 2-amino ethanol and 2-marcapto ethanol respectively, the GO, GON, GOS were characterized by FTIR, XRD and FSEM. Evaluation prepared compound to inhibitors corrosion for Carbon steel in acidic media at (1 - 6 ppm) concentration and different temperature 298, 308, 318, 328 K. The electrochemical technique used Tafel plot to measure the efficiency of inhibitor. It was observed that the corrosion rate and charge transfer of the carbon steel for the inhibitor increase with increase of temperature and decrease with increase of the inhibitor concentration in the same temperature. The GON had inhibition efficiency reached 96.96% for the 6 ppm concentration at 298 K.
Using the 2001 Dairy NRC to Optimize the Use of Dietary Protein for Milk Protein Production

A major goal of the Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition responsible for NRC (2001) was to develop energy and protein systems that were more accurate in diet formulation and evaluation than NRC (1989). This required the development of energy and protein systems: (1) that are more accurate in predicting energy and protein requirements, (2) that are more accurate in predicting energy and protein supplies, and (3) that could predict supply of absorbable amino acids (AA). It should go without saying that a goal of dairy cow nutrition is to meet the cow’s requirements for the desired level of milk and milk protein production with a minimum amount of dietary crude protein (CP). This requires meeting ruminal requirements for rumendegradable protein and the cow’s requirement for absorbable AA without over-feeding CP. The 2001 NRC appears to be useful in accomplishing this goal.
Fuzzy nearest neighbor clustering of high-dimensional data

This paper presents a clustering method based on fuzzy nearest neighbor (FNNC algorithm for short). This method firstly finds every object's nearest neighbor, then defines a new similarity measure which is based on the number of nearest neighbors shared by two objects, and calculates the density of every object. Next, it builds clusters with representative or core objects by eliminating noise and associating non-noise objects. FNNC algorithm relies on weight shared nearest neighbor graph, when it builds clusters, it only uses some useful links between objects of the graph. The experiments show that FNNC algorithm can efficiently find clusters in high-dimensional data space.
1 Moderating variables of entrepreneurial interest 2 among Spanish youth 3

Background: Despite the abundant scientific literature on entrepreneurship, there is still 16 only limited information on young students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The reasons may be 17 generally found in the different conceptual approaches to entrepreneurial intention and particularly 18 in the variables that regulate and act as antecedents to such intentions. This bias has generated 19 different lines of investigation into the factors relating to entrepreneurial intention among students: 20 one is centered on the variables that influence entrepreneurial intention, in particular, relational, 21 educational, and psychological variables; and the other is centered on the antecedents of 22 entrepreneurial intention, among which is entrepreneurial interest. Methods: In the present paper, 23 we seek to analyze the relationship between the entrepreneurial interest of Spanish youth and a set 24 of socio-educational, psychological, and health-related variables using principal component 25 analysis. A previously validated ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 1,764 students (15-18 26 years old). Results: Notably, few Spanish youth expressed significantly high entrepreneurial 27 interest; those who did were mostly men with a family tradition of entrepreneurial parents, who 28 held high perceptions of their health and quality of life and considered it important in business to 29 detect opportunities beforehand and to create employment. Conclusions: Their principal motives 30 were to improve their professional development, to put their ideas into practice, and to achieve 31 economic independence. This paper proposes the early detection of entrepreneurial interests in 32 young people in order to reinforce these interests as potential long-term initiatives. 33 34
Analysis of Electronic Wallets Use Patterns among Students in Online Transportation Services

This study is conducted to discover the impact and the use of electronic wallet (e-wallet) by students especially in online transportation service. This research used a comparative approach by comparing online transportation service users with conventional transportation service and the literature analysis method, interviews, and written surveys involving students in Bandung as respondents. The results of this study showed that students who used electronic wallets to pay for online transportation service were more able to control their expenses efficiently compare to students who use conventional transportation service and use conventional payment methods as well. Especially for students, using an electronic wallet in online transportation services is very helpful in the payment process.
System Level Simulation of E-MBMS Transmissions in LTE-A

Interference coordination methods for Evolved- Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (E-MBMS) in Long- Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) are presented. In this paper, OFDM/OFDMA signals based on LTE parameters are combined with Multipoint MIMO, Turbo codes and signal space diversity methods. Different interference coordination techniques, such as, Multipoint MIMO coordination, Fixed Relay stations, adaptive frequency reuse and schedulers are considered to evaluate the E-MBMS spectral efficiency at the cell borders. The system level coverage and throughput gains of Multipoint MIMO system with hierarchical constellations and Turbo-codes are simulated associated to the presence or not of fixed relays and measuring the maximum spectral efficiencies at cell borders of single cell point-to-multipoint or single frequency network topologies. The influence of the relay transmission power and cell radius in the performance of the previous cellular topologies is also evaluated.
Functional genetic diversity of domestic and wild American mink (Neovison vison)

The release of domestic organisms to the wild threatens biodiversity because the introduction of domestic genes through interbreeding can negatively impact wild conspecifics via outbreeding depression. In North America, farmed American mink (Neovison vison) frequently escape captivity, yet the impact of these events on functional genetic diversity of wild mink populations is unclear. We characterized domestic and wild mink in Ontario at 17 trinucleotide microsatellites located in functional genes thought to be associated with traits affected by domestication. We found low functional genetic diversity in both mink types, as only four of 17 genes were variable, yet allele frequencies varied widely between captive and wild populations. To determine whether allele frequencies of wild populations were affected by geographic location, we performed redundancy analysis and spatial analysis of principal components on three polymorphic loci (AR, ATN1 and IGF‐1). We found evidence to suggest domestic release events are affecting the functional genetic diversity of wild mink, as sPCA showed clear distinctions between wild individuals near mink farms and those located in areas without mink farms. This is further substantiated through RDA, where spatial location was associated with genetic variation of AR, ATN1 and IGF1.
The imprint of f(R) gravity on weak gravitational lensing - II. Information content in cosmic shear statistics

We investigate the information content of various cosmic shear statistics on the theory of gravity. Focusing on the Hu–Sawicki-type f(R) model, we perform a set of ray-tracing simulations and measure the convergence bispectrum, peak counts and Minkowski functionals. We first show that while the convergence power spectrum does have sensitivity to the current value of extra scalar degree of freedom |fR0|, it is largely compensated by a change in the present density amplitude parameter σ8 and the matter density parameter Ωm0. With accurate covariance matrices obtained from 1000 lensing simulations, we then examine the constraining power of the three additional statistics. We find that these probes are indeed helpful to break the parameter degeneracy, which cannot be resolved from the power spectrum alone. We show that especially the peak counts and Minkowski functionals have the potential to rigorously (marginally) detect the signature of modified gravity with the parameter |fR0| as small as 10−5 (10−6) if we can properly model them on small (∼1 arcmin) scale in a future survey with a sky coverage of 1500 deg2. We also show that the signal level is similar among the additional three statistics and all of them provide complementary information to the power spectrum. These findings indicate the importance of combining multiple probes beyond the standard power spectrum analysis to detect possible modifications to general relativity.
Considerations for development of low-cost supplementary foods for lactating women in India – a review

Purpose Malnutrition is a serious public health problem, which occurs because of an inadequate supply of nutrients and therefore affects many children and women (especially pregnant and lactating women of low economic class) worldwide. There is a great need to develop cost-effective fortified food supplements to overcome this problem. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that should be considered in the development of low-cost supplementary foods for breastfeeding women. Design/methodology/approach A wide variety of relevant publications were identified through search in electronic databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, SpringerLink and ResearchGate) based on different keywords such as malnutrition, specific considerations, supplementary foods and breastfeeding women, which were published before 2020. After looking for adequate literature, 71 articles were examined, which provided an overview of these aspects. Findings Various food supplements and food products already available in the market are generally expensive and go beyond the purchasing power of lower- or middle-class families. Traditionally, efforts have been made to prepare such supplements at home, but the composition of these products varies based on the economic status of consumers. Therefore, the nutritional status is clearly compromised because of the low standard of living, which requires a great need to develop low-cost nutritious food products, accessible to all and that meet the appropriate nutritional, sensory and economic attributes without ignoring the regulatory guidelines. Originality/value This review is majorly focused on the specific considerations, alternative sources, ensuring nutritional and sensorial attributes and economic aspects for the development of supplementary low-cost food products for breastfeeding women with the goal of eliminating malnutrition.
Antimicrobial Compounds from the Mucus of Garden Snail Cornu aspersa

Natural products have long played a major role in medicine and science. The garden snail Cornu aspersa is a rich source of biologically active natural substances which might be an important source for new drugs to treat human disease. Based on our previous studies seven fractions containing compounds with Mw &lt;3 kDa, &lt;10 kDa, &lt;20 kDa, &gt;20 kDa, and between 3-5 kDa, 5-10 kDa, and 10-30 kDa were purified from the mucus of C. aspersa and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Seventeen novel peptides with potential antibacterial activity have been identified by de novo MS/MS sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry. The different fractions were tested for antibacterial activity against Gram─ (Pseudomonas aureofaciens and Escherichia coli) and Gram+ (Brevibacillus laterosporus) bacterial strains as well anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens. These results revealed that the peptide fractions exhibit a predominant antibacterial activity against B. laterosporus, the fraction with Mw 10 – 30 kDa against E. coli, another peptide fraction &lt;20 kDa against P. aureofaciens, and the protein fraction &gt;20 kDa against the bacterial strain C. perfringens. The discovery of new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from natural sources is of great importance for public health due to their effective antimicrobial activities and low resistance rates.
CLGP Centre on Labour and Global Production Uneven development patterns in global value chains 1 An empirical inquiry based on a conceptualization of GVCs as a specific form of the division of labor Working Paper 2 / 2016

This paper has three interconnected aims: proposing a novel and rigorous definition of a global value chain (GVC) that more easily permits the delineation of its frontiers; creating new indicators of GVC participation and value capture that can overcome the limitations of the existing ones; and offering empirical evidence demonstrating that participation in global value chains is part of an uneven development process that produces a variety of distinct integration patterns that differ with respect to economic and social outcomes. The paper is structured as follows. Section 1 offers a definition of GVCs that conceives the latter as a specific form of the division of labor and therefore facilitates the delineation of the frontiers of a GVC. Building on this definition, Section 2 proposes new indicators to measure GVC participation and value capture. Section 3 provides empirical evidence to argue that, contrary to what mainstream economics and international organizations state, larger participation in GVCs does not necessarily lead to higher levels of value capture. Section 4 offers some theoretical justifications to interpret these findings and adds other measures such as the level of productive investment and dimensions of social outcomes in order to better understand differentiated development patterns in GVCs. Sections 5, 6 and 7 empirically show the heterogeneity of development patterns in GVCs for 51 countries between 1995 and 2008. Using country-level data on GVC participation, value capture, investment rates and social indicators (Gini coefficient, labor’s share of income, median income and employment rate), we perform a principal component 2 CEPN – Université Paris XIII. Email : bcarballa@gmail.com 3 CEPN – Université Paris XIII. Email : cdurand@ehess.fr 4 CEPN – Université Paris XIII. Email : knauss.steve@gmail.com CLGP working paper 2/2016 3 analysis and a cluster analysis. We find three distinct development patterns in GVCs: reproduction of the core, immiserizing growth, and a social upgrading mirage. We conclude by underlying the apparent complementarity between these development patterns and by identifying some limitations of the paper that open the way to further research.
Representación de género en la comunicación en Twitter de la Selección Española de Fútbol

Twitter es una herramienta que permite a las organizaciones deportivas comunicarse con sus públicos sin la necesidad de recurrir a los medios tradicionales. Tanto los clubes, las selecciones nacionales o los propios deportistas tienen un gran impacto en la sociedad actual. Este estudio analizó la representación de género durante la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2018 y la Copa Mundial Femenina de la FIFA 2019. El análisis se centró en los mensajes publicados en Twitter por las cuentas oficiales de la Selección Española (@SeFutbol y @SeFutbolFem). Los resultados muestran una actividad, tratamiento y participación desigual, lo que pone de manifiesto la distancia todavía existente para conseguir la igualdad en el mundo deportivo, a pesar de las posibilidades que ofrecen las redes sociales.
Efficient second-harmonic generation of CW radiation in an external optical cavity using non-linear crystal BIBO

Presented are the results of experimental investigations of a resonant doubler of CW radiation frequency that uses a novel non-linear optical crystal BIBO. For the first time by using this crystal in an external resonator a stable singlefrequency generation of the second-harmonic radiation was achieved with the output power of 270 mW at the wavelength of 425 nm. Conversion efficiency is as high as 36%. Generation instabilities were observed at second harmonic power higher than 300 mW inside the doubler cavity.