Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FPGA Implementation of Sensorless Sliding Mode Observer With a Novel Rotation Direction Detection for PMSM Drives

This paper proposes an field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a sensorless controller for surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines. Position and speed are both estimated by a sliding mode observer (SMO) which is based on the PMSM stator frame model. The sliding mode manifold is chosen on the real stator current trajetory. In the SMO, a sign function of current error in the feedback correction is adopted. The estimated speed and position are realized on an FPGA controller by COordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm. Using model-based design, with the tools of MATLAB/Simulink and hardware description language coder, the whole control system is designed and implemented in a single FPGA chip. Dedicated hardware optimization algorithms such as pipeline and resource sharing are developed for the implementation as well. The sign function is realized by fully hardware with a relatively high switching frequency. Meanwhile, a fast and practical rotation direction detection method which is based on back electromotive force information is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed FPGA implemented sensorless SMO for PMSM drives is robust and has high performance.
A High-Power Factor Vernier Machine With Coil Pitch of Two Slot Pitches

In this paper, an 18-slot/26-pole vernier permanent magnet synchronous machine (VPMSM) with coil pitch of two slot pitches is proposed based on a nine-slot/18-flux-modulation-pole/26-pole VPMSM with concentrated tooth-coil windings. Compared with the original VPMSM, the number of slots is doubled and the phase winding connection is adjusted to reduce the space harmonic content, the phase inductance, and hence, improve the power factor. This paper shows that the proposed VPMSM increases power factor from 0.73 to 0.95 with better torque and flux-weakening capability. Moreover, a series of VPMSMs with high-power factor is proposed from the same design principle and given design guidelines.
Effects of Auditory Stimuli and Verbal Communications on Drivers' Situation Awareness in Partially Automated Driving

In driving automation systems with Level 2 Driving Automation, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), it is necessary for the driver to monitor the system and surrounding conditions for a long time, even in a monotonous driving scene. Such a driving scene may increase the driver's drowsiness. Moreover, the driver may perform actions that are not related to driving due to driver boredom. Therefore, it is important to identify ways to improve drivers' situation awareness. In this study, we conducted a driving simulator experiment focusing on the auditory stimuli and verbal communications as methods to gain situation awareness during partially automated driving. The effects of two conditions, namely, listening to music and talking with a passenger, were evaluated quantitatively. The results showed that talking with a passenger was effective in reducing driver fatigue from driving for a long time as compared with the effect of driving when listening to music, and without auditory stimulus. However, the distinct effectiveness of auditory stimuli was merely observed by analyses of driving performance. In other words, these findings indicate that auditory stimuli are insufficient to improve driver situation awareness during automated driving.
Suppression of Even-Order Harmonics and Torque Ripple in Outer Rotor Consequent-Pole PM Machine by Multilayer Winding

The fractional slot concentrated winding consequent pole (CP) permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines can improve the PM utilization ratio. However, the even-order harmonics exist in phase back electromotive forces (EMFs) for specific slot and pole number combinations, resulting in high torque ripple. Therefore, the multilayer winding is employed in this paper to reduce the torque ripple by suppressing the even-order harmonic back EMFs. The principles of both even-order harmonic back EMFs and torque ripple suppression by the four-layer windings are illustrated. The electromagnetic characteristics of the CP PM machine with four-layer windings are compared with that of PM machines with the traditional and CP rotors by finite-element analysis. It is demonstrated that the four-layer winding can suppress the even-order harmonic back EMFs and torque ripple in the machine with CP rotor. The prototypes of both the traditional rotor and CP rotors with four-layer wingdings are manufactured and tested to verify the theoretical analysis.
Coronary Artery Plaque and Cardiotoxicity as a Result of Extreme Endurance Exercise.

e er A Mc ullou h M M le is a he a lor ni ersi Medical en er a lor ear and ascular ns u e a lor ac and ane a il on ear and ascular ospi al allas he ear ospi al lano e as arl a ie M ri h is ro essor o Medicine epar en o ardio ascular iseases ohn chsner ear and ascular ns u e chsner linical chool he ni ersi o ueensland chool o Medicine he epar en o re en e ardiolo ennin on io edical esearch en er ouisiana a e ni ersi s e a on ou e ouisiana Contact: peteramccullough@gmail.com To summate present knowledge in early 2014, studies support a poten al increased risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial brosis, and sudden cardiac death in those with considerable experience as marathoners (25 or more races completed). Fallible Logic: ‘Some Exercise
Concurrent Inverse Effects of Magnetostriction and Piezoelectricity in Magnetoelectric-Layered Structures

Internal inverse effects of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity are conceptually introduced for a laterally wide magnetostrictive–piezoelectric-layered structure and studied for a cubic polycrystalline ferromagnetic layer bonded to an out-of-laminate plane-poled piezoelectric. It is shown that these concurrent effects may crucially contribute to the mechanism of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling over that known from previous analytical modeling. It is shown that the studied effect gives rise to an additional magnetic anisotropy in each specific ferromagnetic crystallite. This excess anisotropy has non-cubic symmetry and depends on the orientation of the crystallite’s local crystallographic frame relative to the frame set by the laminate geometry. We explain the saturation lag in the magnetization curve as compared to the corresponding standalone ferromagnetic layer. Our consideration provides useful insight into the fundamental issue of the strain-mediated ME coupling.
Interference-Aware Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Computing System Approach Based on Fuzzy Formal Concepts Analysis

Cloud computing is a model that allows users to rent the services they want, in real time, and pay as they go. Thanks to virtualization, Cloud infrastructure exploitation will be easier and smoother because it offers many benefits to data center administrators and end users. The main goal of virtualization is to share the infrastructure between users with high isolation level, and to take advantages of their physical resources as much as possible. Fault of isolation, Cloud hypervisor doesn't have a great vision on the sharing and management of resources between virtual machines, hence a contention on shared resources will take place, it identifies by performance interference. In this paper, we study the effects of performance interference between Co-located VMs, we try to grasp the VMs that does not produce a lot of performance degradation based on the fuzzy formal concepts analysis(FFCA), with the aim of proposing a new virtual machine placement approach that first minimizes performance interference and communication costs, second maximizes and balances the use of cloud resources.
Using birth defects surveillance programs for population‐based estimation of sibling recurrence risks

Birth defects are the leading cause of medical expenditures, hospitalizations, and death within the first year of life (Christianson, Howson, & Modell, 2006; Martin, Kochanek, Strobino, Guyer, & MacDorman, 2005; Waitzman, Romano, & Scheffler, 1994; Yoon et al., 1997). Although some birth defects are caused by recognized syndromes, the etiology is unknown in the majority of patients with birth defects (Christianson et al., 2006), which often engenders uncertainty in parents about the risk for recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. Despite substantial and ongoing efforts, few genetic risk factors for nonsyndromic birth defects have been identified. Thus, in the absence of genetic screening and/or testing, family history continues to provide the most useful predictor of sibling recurrence, and empiric estimates of risk are used for clinical risk counseling. These sibling recurrence risk estimates vary depending on the specific birth defect (e.g., the risk ratio among siblings of affected cases compared to siblings of unaffected subjects is 45 for isolated cleft palate and seven for clubfoot) (Lie, Wilcox, & Skjaerven, 1994). If accurate and reliable, these estimates can allow for informed, evidence-based choices regarding future reproductive decisions among parents of affected individuals, and could be used to identify high-risk pregnancies for optimal treatment and care options (e.g., delivery and surgery planning). However, the limitations of existing estimates and resources for clinical sibling recurrence risk estimation call into question their accuracy and appropriateness for modern populations.
A Medical Serious Games Framework Hierarchy for Validity

Meta-analyses or critical reviews in medical research concerning serious games focus on outcome measures like for example daily pain. They however do not take into account the effectiveness of the serious game in relation to the constructs used in the design of the game. This is a possible explanation why there is a vast heterogeneity in results of serious games research in the medical profession, but maybe also for the relatively poor results of serious games in health care. A comprehensive hierarchy for validity in serious games research in health care is proposed where concepts as content validity, concurrent validity and predictive validity are addressed. This can aid researchers in inclusion or exclusion of serious games articles in meta-analyses or critical reviews.
Indoor Air-Temperature Forecast for Energy-Efficient Management in Smart Buildings

In the last few years, the reduction of energy consumption and pollution became mandatory. It became also a common goal of many countries. Only in Europe, the building sector is responsible for the total 40% of energy consumption and 36% of $CO_{2}$ pollution. Therefore, new control policies based on the forecast of buildings energy behaviors can be developed to reduce energy waste (i.e. policies for Demand Response and Demand Side Management). This paper discusses an innovative methodology for smart building indoor air-temperature forecasting. This methodology is based on a Non-linear Autoregressive neural network. This neural network has been trained and validated with a dataset consisting of six years indoor air-temperature values of a building demonstrator. In detail, we have studied three characterizing rooms and the whole building. Experimental results of energy prediction are presented and discussed.
Use of Fuel Cell Generators for Cell-Propelled Trains Renovation

Protecting the environment important for 94% of Europeans. For this reason, new technologies have to be studied. In particular, the fuel cell is a possible the world's forthcoming sustainable and clean energy source. One reason is the power-generation efficiency. They offer the ability to convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with a very low environmental impact. For this reason, the aim of this work is to study the application of the fuel cells for railway sector. A real situation has been analyzed in particular a hydrogen trains on the Brescia - Iseo - Edolo line. The objective of this study is to find eco-friendly solutions to low-medium traffic lines, where the electrification would be too expensive or impossible from a practical point of view. The most important challenge is to keep - or improve - the performance of the rail vehicles in comparison to the diesel traction even when facing strong slopes.
D-Band Surface-Wave Modulator and Signal Source with 40 dB Extinction Ratio and 3.7mW Output Power in 65 nm CMOS

High extinction ratio (ER) modulator and high output power source are demonstrated in 65 nm CMOS by generating the surface-wave at D-band. By introducing subwavelength periodic corrugation structure, surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is established to propagate TM-mode signal with strongly localized surface-wave, significantly reducing the radiation loss at sub-THz. A high-Q surface-wave resonator is formed by periodically drilling grooves onto split ring resonator (SRR) unit-cells with interleaving placement. Modulation is realized by tuning the inner ring of the stacked SRR. A four-ways power combined fundamental 80 GHz coupled-oscillator-network (CON) is realized by incorporating the surface-wave resonator unit-cell, which is frequency doubled to 160 GHz. Measured results show that modulator achieves the best isolation and ER under the smallest area, and the proposed CON achieves high power efficiency and power density.
Multiobjective Intelligent Energy Management Optimization for Grid-Connected Microgrids

In the rapid growing of the green energy technology, microgrid systems with renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar, wind and fuel cells are becoming a prevalent and efficient way to control and manage these renewable sources. Moreover, owing to the intermittency and the frequent irregular responses of the RESs, battery energy storages have become an integral part of microgrids. In such complex systems, optimal use of RESs heavily depend on the energy management strategy used. Besides, the reduction of conventional fuel utilization and the resultant drop in the emissions also depend on the energy management strategy. This paper presents a novel expert system Fuzzy Logic - Grey Wolf Optimization (FL-GWO) based intelligent meta-heuristic method for battery sizing and energy management in grid-connected microgrids. The proposed method is tested on different scenarios, and the simulation results are compared with other existing approaches methods such as GA, PSO, BA, IBA and GWO. The simulation results show a significant improvement with the proposed method in terms of satisfying the demands and to minimizing the operating costs of the microgrid compared to other existing methods.
Impact of Number of Rotor Slots on Performance of Three-Phase and Single-Phase Induction Machines

As it is well known, a number of rotor slots have a strong impact on an induction machine. A number of rotor bars have to be chosen correctly with respect to pole pairs and number of stator slots. If this part of machine design is made incorrectly final machine may suffer from parasitic torques. Influence of these parasitic torques may be so strong that the machine is unusable even if other parts of the design are well done. There is usually more combination of stator and rotor slots with a similar impact on parasitic torques than just one. Due to this, it is possible to choose a number of rotor bars with respect not only to parasitic torques but also with respect to other properties of a machine such as efficiency. But the number of slots is also limited by sizes of a machine. Too many rotor slots lead to thin both bars and teeth which could cause complications during a manufacturing process. This issue is especially connected with small machines. A usable number of rotor slots is limited by a technology of manufacturing process and number of their stator slots is usually small due to the same reason. Therefore, possibilities how to influence small induction machine performance are not so wide as in big ones and have to be studied carefully. This article deals with an impact of number of rotor bars on performance both small there and single-phase induction machines.
Influence of Ear Protectors on the Sleep of Preterm Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ear protectors on the sleep of preterm newborns during the “quiet” times in intermediate care nursery. This was a clinical, randomized, controlled crossover study conducted in two neonatal units in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of preterm infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. Polysomnography and unstructured observation were used for data collection. Twenty-four preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 33.2 weeks and current weight of 1.747 g were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the total sleep time of preterm infants with and without the use of ear protectors. Newborns with lower gestational age showed a significant reduction in total sleep time with the use of ear protectors (p < .05). The use of ear protection did not increase the total sleep time for preterm infants.
Collaborative Dynamic Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based on Resource Importance Measures

Many existing virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithms adopt the greedy embedding strategies, which embed the in-progress virtual network requests (VNRs) onto the substrate nodes and links with more residual resources. However, the previous VNRs may overconsume the critical substrate resources and lead to the resource fragmentation problem in the substrate networks, thus reducing the acceptance ratio of the latter VNRs. To address this problem, we propose a novel collaborative VNE algorithm based on resource importance measures, RIM-ViNE, in which the global node importance and link importance in the initial substrate network are measured using multiple topological attributes and are used to set the embedding cost of VNRs. Then, the VNE problem is defined as a linear programming model and is solved by minimizing the total embedding cost, which could bring about the coordinative embedding between different VNRs, and thus preventing the critical resources from being over occupied by the previous VNRs with small requirements and improving the resource fragmentation problem. Moreover, we propose a dynamic reconfiguration mechanism based on critical nodes protection (CNP-Re) to improve the resource fragmentation problem further. Extensive experiments are conducted under two network scenarios, and the results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the VNE algorithms that only consider the coordination between node mapping and link mapping or only measure the node importance in the residual substrate network, and the average VNR acceptance ratio, average revenue, and average resource utilization ratio are effectively improved.
Digital Delivery of Meditative Movement Training Improved Health of Cigarette-Smoke-Exposed Subjects

Many FA who flew prior to the ban on smoking in commercial aircraft exhibit an unusual pattern of long-term pulmonary dysfunction. This randomized controlled study tested the hypothesis that digitally delivered meditative movement (MM) training improves chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related symptoms in flight attendants (FA) who were exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke (SHCS) while flying. Phase I of this two-phase clinical trial was a single-arm non-randomized pilot study that developed and tested methods for MM intervention; we now report on Phase II, a randomized controlled trial comparing MM to a control group of similar FA receiving health education (HE) videos. Primary outcomes were the 6-min walk test and blood levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Pulmonary, cardiovascular, autonomic and affective measures were also taken. There were significant improvements in the 6-min walk test, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) score, and the COPD Assessment Test. Non-significant trends were observed for increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, decreased anxiety scores and reduced blood hs-CRP levels, and increased peak expiratory flow (PEF). In a Survey Monkey questionnaire, 81% of participants who completed pre and post-testing expressed mild to strong positive opinions of the study contents, delivery, or impact, while 16% expressed mild negative opinions. Over the course of the year including the study, participant adoption of the MM practices showed a significant and moderately large correlation with overall health improvement; Pearson's R = 0.62, p < 0.005. These results support the hypothesized benefits of video-based MM training for this population. No adverse effects were reported. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials. gov, identifier: NCT02612389
Magnetic Anisotropy and Damping Constant in CoFeB/Ir and CoFeB/Ru Systems

Co<sub>20</sub>Fe<sub>60</sub>B<sub>20</sub> thin films of various thicknesses (3 nm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le t_{\text {CFB}} \le 14$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm) have been sputtered on thermally oxidized Si substrates and capped with 8 nm-thick Ir or Ru layers and then annealed at 400 °C. A vibrating sample magnetometer has been used to measure the CoFeB thickness dependence of the saturation magnetic moment per unit area in order to straightforwardly determine the magnetization at saturation and the magnetic dead layer thickness, found to be 1115 ± 50 emu/cm<sup>3</sup> (930 ± 50 emu/cm<sup>3</sup>) and 1.53 nm (0.76 nm) for the as-deposited CoFeB/Ir (CoFeB/Ru) sytems, respectively. These values change to 1185 ± 50 emu/cm<sup>3</sup> (1110±50 emu/cm<sup>3</sup>) and 2.93 nm (1.62 nm) for CoFeB/Ir (CoFeB/Ru) films annealed at 400 °C. Microstrip ferromagnetic resonance (MS-FMR) was used to investigate the Gilbert damping parameter and the magnetic anisotropy as a function of the CoFeB thickness. While the in-plane anisotropy field for the as-deposited films does not show a regular behavior versus the CoFeB thickness, a clear linear behavior of this field versus the reciprocal CoFeB effective thickness can be observed for the annealed samples. Moreover, the effective magnetization varies linearly with the inverse effective thickness of CoFeB due to the perpendicular interface anisotropy. This surface anisotropy constant, which was estimated to be 0.84 and 0.89 erg/cm<sup>2</sup> for the as-deposited CoFeB films capped with Ir or Ru, respectively, reinforces the perpendicular easy axis. The corresponding anisotropy constants for the annealed Ir and Ru capped films are found to be 1.07 and 0.57 erg/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Moreover, MS-FMR results revealed that the damping constant increases linearly with the reciprocal effective thickness of CoFeB, most probably due to spin pumping. The effective spin mixing conductance of the as-deposited (annealed) CoFeB/Ru and CoFeB/Ir has been estimated to be 12.93 nm<sup>−2</sup> (22.4 nm<sup>−2</sup>) and 29.3 nm<sup>−2</sup> (43.85 nm<sup>−2</sup>), respectively.
Measuring accessibility using gravity and radiation models

Since the presentation of the radiation model, much work has been done to compare its findings with those obtained from gravitational models. These comparisons always aim at measuring the accuracy with which the models reproduce the mobility described by origin–destination matrices. This has been done at different spatial scales using different datasets, and several versions of the models have been proposed to adjust to various spatial systems. However, the models, to our knowledge, have never been compared with respect to policy testing scenarios. For this reason, here we use the models to analyse the impact of the introduction of a new transportation network, a bus rapid transport system, in the city of Teresina in Brazil. We do this by measuring the estimated variation in the trip distribution, and formulate an accessibility to employment indicator for the different zones of the city. By comparing the results obtained with the two approaches, we are able to not only better assess the goodness of fit and the impact of this intervention, but also understand reasons for the systematic similarities and differences in their predictions.