Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LncRNA HOTAIR aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by sponging microRNA-126 to upregulate SRSF1.

OBJECTIVE Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe fatal disease throughout the world. Myocardial IR limits the recovery of impaired cardiac function in AMI patients. This study aims to elucidate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and the underlying mechanism, thus providing a novel therapy for AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Myocardial IR model in mice was firstly constructed by LAD. Plasma levels of LDH, CK-MB, HOTAIR, and microRNA-126 in mice were detected. Subsequently, in vitro HR model was constructed in H9c2 cells. Regulatory effects of HOTAIR on proliferative ability, LDH release, and Caspase-3 activity in H2O2-induced H9c2 cells were determined. Relative levels of inflammatory factors in in vitro HR model were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The regulatory loop HOTAIR/microRNA-126/SRSF1 was finally verified by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS LDH and CK-MB were significantly released in mice with myocardial IR. HOTAIR was upregulated, while microRNA-126 was downregulated in IR mice and H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. Overexpression of HOTAIR stimulated proliferative ability, LDH release, and Caspase-3 activity in H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. Besides, overexpression of microRNA-126 inhibited the release of inflammatory factors in H9c2 cells undergoing HR induction. The regulatory loop HOTAIR/microRNA-126/SRSF1 was identified to influence IR development. CONCLUSIONS HOTAIR aggravates myocardial IR by competitively binding SRSF1 with microRNA-126.
Fifth-Generation (5G) mmWave Spatial Channel Characterization for Urban Environments’ System Analysis

In this work, the channel characterization in terms of large-scale propagation, small-scale propagation, statistical and interference analysis of Fifth-Generation (5G) Millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands for wireless networks for 28, 30 and 60 GHz is presented in both an outdoor urban complex scenario and an indoor scenario, in order to consider a multi-functional, large node-density 5G network operation. An in-house deterministic Three-Dimensional Ray-Launching (3D-RL) code has been used for that purpose, considering all the material properties of the obstacles within the scenario at the frequency under analysis, with the aid of purpose-specific implemented mmWave simulation modules. Different beamforming radiation patterns of the transmitter antenna have been considered, emulating a 5G system operation. Spatial interference analysis as well as time domain characteristics have been retrieved as a function of node location and configuration.
The biology of human hair greying

Hair greying (canities) is one of the earliest, most visible ageing‐associated phenomena, whose modulation by genetic, psychoemotional, oxidative, senescence‐associated, metabolic and nutritional factors has long attracted skin biologists, dermatologists, and industry. Greying is of profound psychological and commercial relevance in increasingly ageing populations. In addition, the onset and perpetuation of defective melanin production in the human anagen hair follicle pigmentary unit (HFPU) provides a superb model for interrogating the molecular mechanisms of ageing in a complex human mini‐organ, and greying‐associated defects in bulge melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) represent an intriguing system of neural crest‐derived stem cell senescence. Here, we emphasize that human greying invariably begins with the gradual decline in melanogenesis, including reduced tyrosinase activity, defective melanosome transfer and apoptosis of HFPU melanocytes, and is thus a primary event of the anagen hair bulb, not the bulge. Eventually, the bulge MSC pool becomes depleted as well, at which stage greying becomes largely irreversible. There is still no universally accepted model of human hair greying, and the extent of genetic contributions to greying remains unclear. However, oxidative damage likely is a crucial driver of greying via its disruption of HFPU melanocyte survival, MSC maintenance, and of the enzymatic apparatus of melanogenesis itself. While neuroendocrine factors [e.g. alpha melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ß‐endorphin, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH)], and micropthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) are well‐known regulators of human hair follicle melanocytes and melanogenesis, how exactly these and other factors [e.g. thyroid hormones, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), P‐cadherin, peripheral clock activity] modulate greying requires more detailed study. Other important open questions include how HFPU melanocytes age intrinsically, how psychoemotional stress impacts this process, and how current insights into the gerontobiology of the human HFPU can best be translated into retardation or reversal of greying.
Advanced Constitutive Modeling of the Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic Behavior of Blood: Description of the Model and Rheological Predictions

This work focuses on the advanced modeling of the thixotropic nature of blood, coupled with an elasto-visco-plastic formulation by invoking a consistent and validated model for TEVP materials. The proposed model has been verified for the adequate description of the rheological behavior of suspensions, introducing a scalar variable that describes dynamically the level of internal microstructure of rouleaux at any instance, capturing accurately the aggregation and disaggregation mechanisms of the RBCs. Also, a non-linear fitting is adopted for the definition of the model’s parameters on limited available experimental data of steady and transient rheometric flows of blood samples. We present the predictability of the new model in various steady and transient rheometric flows, including startup shear, rectangular shear steps, shear cessation, triangular shear steps and LAOS tests. Our model provides predictions for the elasto-thixotropic mechanism in startup shear flows, demonstrating a non-monotonic relationship of the thixotropic index on the shear-rate. The intermittent shear step test reveals the dynamics of the structural reconstruction, which in turn is associated with the aggregation process. Moreover, our model offers robust predictions for less examined tests such as uniaxial elongation, in which normal stress was found to have considerable contribution. Apart from the integrated modeling of blood rheological complexity, our implementation is adequate for multi-dimensional simulations due to its tensorial formalism accomplished with a single time scale for the thixotropic effects, resulting in a low computational cost compared to other TEVP models.
The Effects of Prefermentation Maceration Temperature and Percent Alcohol (v/v) at Press on the Concentration of Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Glycosides and Glycoside Fractions

Grape-derived aroma and flavor precursors exist partially as nonvolatile, sugar-bound glycosides. Hydrolysis of these compounds may modify sensory attributes and potentially enhance wine quality. Prefermentation skin contact at two temperatures and alcohol content at press were monitored to determine effects on Cabernet Sauvignon glycosides. Total, red-free, and phenol-free glycoside concentrations were estimated by the quantification of glycosyl-glucose. After three days, cold soak (10°C) increased total glycosides by 103%, red-free glycosides by 81%, and phenol-free glycosides by 88%. During the same period, ambient soak (20°C) increased total glycosides by 177%, red-free glycosides by 144%, and phenol-free glycosides by 106%. A reduction in the ratio of red-free glycosides to the total and the ratio of phenol-free glycosides to the total occurred during fermentation. At fermentation completion, red-free glycosides comprised 30% of the total, and phenol-free glycosides were 23% of the total glycosides. Wines produced by early pressing (10% sugar) had 25% more total and red-free glycosides than those pressed at dryness.
Current Issues and Interrogations in Angiosome Wound Targeted Revascularization for Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia: A Review

Despite a lack of solid evidence in applying the angiosome concept (AC) in current chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) treatment, several encouraging results for improved wound healing and less for limb preservation were reported in various consistency studies. Direct revascularization (DR) following the foot angiosomes distribution (whenever feasible) may afford better clinical results compared to angiosome indifferent, or indirect revascularization (IR), however without clear benefit on survival and for major adverse limb events (MALE). Inside this interrogation, the notable influence of the remnant collaterals, the foot arches, the wound characteristics, and the type of revascularization (bypass versus endovascular) still remain ardent topics. Current evidence suggests that applying DR in daily vascular practice requires practitioners to be committed to every individual hemodynamic variable in a thorough macro- and micro-vascular evaluation of the ischemic foot. It becomes clearer nowadays that not all CLTI foot ulcers hold same ischemic burden and seemingly need specific DR. In the same setting, a novel wound targeted revascularization (WTR) design was proposed assembling wider circulatory targets than genuine DR notion, as used by some authors. Beyond specific angiosomal artery reperfusion, WTR associates the available arches, the large- and medium-sized collaterals, and the arterial-arterial communicants, in an intentional “source artery” and “collateral” topographic foot revascularization. However, up to date, the notion of angiosome wound-guided revascularization (DR and WTR) detains only a reserved level of confirmation. As for DR, the WTR equally needs higher levels of evidence allowed by standardized definition, uniform indications, and pertinent results from multicenter larger prospective analysis, before large application.
Stroke units could be a valid alternative to intensive care units for patients with low‐grade aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

According to current guidelines, patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) are mostly managed in intensive care units (ICUs) regardless of baseline severity. We aimed to assess the prognostic and economic implications of initial admission of patients with low‐grade aSAH into a stroke unit (SU) compared to initial ICU admission.
Towards Unsupervised Deep Image Enhancement With Generative Adversarial Network

Improving the aesthetic quality of images is challenging and eager for the public. To address this problem, most existing algorithms are based on <italic>supervised</italic> learning methods to learn an automatic photo enhancer for <italic>paired</italic> data, which consists of low-quality photos and corresponding expert-retouched versions. However, the style and characteristics of photos retouched by experts may not meet the needs or preferences of general users. In this paper, we present an <italic>unsupervised</italic> image enhancement generative adversarial network (UEGAN), which learns the corresponding <italic>image-to-image</italic> mapping from a set of images with desired characteristics in an <italic>unsupervised</italic> manner, rather than learning on a large number of paired images. The proposed model is based on <italic>single</italic> deep GAN which embeds the <italic>modulation</italic> and <italic>attention</italic> mechanisms to capture richer global and local features. Based on the proposed model, we introduce two losses to deal with the unsupervised image enhancement: (1) <italic>fidelity loss</italic>, which is defined as a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regularization in the feature domain of a pre-trained VGG network to ensure the content between the enhanced image and the input image is the same, and (2) <italic>quality loss</italic> that is formulated as a relativistic hinge adversarial loss to endow the input image the desired characteristics. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that the proposed model effectively improves the aesthetic quality of images. Our code is available at: <uri>https://github.com/eezkni/UEGAN</uri>.
Dietary Patterns, Carbohydrates, and Age-Related Eye Diseases

Over a third of older adults in the U.S. experience significant vision loss, which decreases independence and is a biomarker of decreased health span. As the global aging population is expanding, it is imperative to uncover strategies to increase health span and reduce the economic burden of this age-related disease. While there are some treatments available for age-related vision loss, such as surgical removal of cataracts, many causes of vision loss, such as dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), remain poorly understood and no treatments are currently available. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the factors that contribute to disease progression for age-related vision loss and to uncover methods for disease prevention. One such factor is the effect of diet on ocular diseases. There are many reviews regarding micronutrients and their effect on eye health. Here, we discuss the impact of dietary patterns on the incidence and progression of age-related eye diseases, namely AMD, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Then, we focus on the specific role of dietary carbohydrates, first by outlining the physiological effects of carbohydrates on the body and then how these changes translate into eye and age-related ocular diseases. Finally, we discuss future directions of nutrition research as it relates to aging and vision loss, with a discussion of caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, drug interventions, and emerging randomized clinical trials. This is a rich field with the capacity to improve life quality for millions of people so they may live with clear vision for longer and avoid the high cost of vision-saving surgeries.
A smart nano-sacrificial layer on the bone surface prevents osteoporosis through acid-base neutralization regulated biocascade effects.

Osteoporosis is a global chronic disease characterized by severe bone loss and high susceptibility to fragile fracture. It is widely accepted that the origin acidified microenvironment created by the excessive osteoclasts causes the irreversible bone mineral dissolution and organic degradation during osteoclastic resorption. However, current clinically available approaches are mainly developed from the perspective of osteoclast biology rather than the critical acidified niche. Here, we developed a smart "nano-sacrificial layer" consisting of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)-containing and tetracycline-functionalized nanoliposomes (NaHCO3-TNLs) that can target bone surfaces and respond to external secreted acidification from osteoclasts, preventing osteoporosis. In vitro and in vivo results prove that this nano-sacrificial layer precisely inhibits the initial acidification of osteoclasts and initiates a chemically regulated biocascade to remodel the bone microenvironment and realize bone protection: extracellular acid-base neutralization first inhibits osteoclast function and also promotes its apoptosis, in which the apoptosis derived extracellular vesicles containing RANK further consumes RANKL in serum, achieving comprehensive osteoclast inhibition. Our therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis is based on original and precise acid-base neutralization, aiming to reestablish bone homeostasis by using a smart nano-sacrificial layer that is able to induce chemically regulated biocascade effects. This study also provides a novel understanding of osteoporosis therapy in biomedicine and clinical treatments.
Cytotoxic Properties of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives—A Review

During recent years, small molecules containing five-member heterocyclic moieties have become the subject of considerable growing interest for designing new antitumor agents. One of them is 1,3,4-thiadiazole. This study is an attempt to collect the 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives, which can be considered as potential anticancer agents, reported in the literature in the last ten years.
Review on UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cationic frontal polymerization has emerged as a novel technique that allows rapid curing of various epoxy monomers upon UV irradiation within a few seconds. In the presence of a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator together with a thermal radical initiator, the cationic ring opening polymerization of an epoxide monomer is auto-accelerated in the form of a self-propagating front upon UV irradiation. This hot propagating front generates the required enthalpy to sustain curing reaction throughout the resin formulation without further need for UV irradiation. This unique reaction pathway makes the cationic frontal polymerization a promising route towards the efficient curing of epoxy-based thermosetting resins and related composite structures. This review represents a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and progress of UV-induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy monomers that have been reported so far in literature. At the same time, this review covers important aspects on the frontal polymerization of various epoxide monomers involving the chemistry of the initiators, the effect of appropriate sensitizers, diluents and fillers.
The overlooked chamber in coronavirus disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) causes a pandemic around the globe. Debilitating and even deadly complications have occurred to the millions. A recent study reported 31% of right ventricular dilation in the hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, which is significantly associated with the mortality. Therefore, we sought to search for the lines of evidence in the literature that COVID‐19 may contribute to right heart dysfunction. The relevant literature and data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and Web of Science were searched using the MeSH terms including ‘COVID‐19’, ‘SARS‐CoV‐2’, ‘novel coronavirus pneumonia’, ‘novel coronavirus’, ‘right heart failure’, ‘right heart dysfunction’, ‘pulmonary hypertension’, ‘pulmonary embolism’, and various combinations. The collected literature and data were sorted and summarized. Literature reports that angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor mediating the cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical and experimental evidence shows that loss of function of ACE2 aggravates pulmonary hypertension and gain of function of ACE2 exerts protection on cardiopulmonary circulation. Moreover, the patients with COVID‐19 are more susceptible to pulmonary embolism and severe pneumonia‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, COVID‐19 may cause right heart dysfunction by inducing pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Particular attention should be paid to the function of the right heart, the overlooked chamber in COVID‐19. Blood gas analysis, laboratory test of cardiac injury markers, physical examination, and echocardiography should be performed to identify right heart failure as early as possible. Once the right heart failure is confirmed, the therapeutic modalities following the guidelines of European Society of Cardiology should be employed to reduce mortality.
Neutrophil count to albumin ratio as a new predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 ınfection.

BACKGROUND Coronavirus Disease 2019 is an acute inflammatory respiratory disease. It causes many changes in hemogram parameters. Low albumin levels are associated with mortality risk in hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study is to reveal the place of neutrophil count to albumin ratio in predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19. METHODS 144 patients, 65 females and 79 males, were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was the non-severe group (n:85), and Group 2 was severe (n:59). Demographic data, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts, albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were recorded. Neutrophil count to albumin ratio (NAR) was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil counts by the albumin levels. The NAR and levels of the two groups were then compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences in gender and platelet count (201 vs. 211 K/mL) between the groups (p>0,05). Ages (62.0 ± 14.3 vs 68.6 ± 12.2 years), albumin (33.1 vs 29.9 gr/L), CRP (33 vs 113 mg/l), neutrophil count (4 vs 7.24 K/mL), WBC counts (6.70 vs 8.50 K/mL), NAR values (113.5 vs 267.2) and number of Death (5 vs 33) were found to be statistically higher (p <0.001) in Group 2 than in Group 1. The NAR value of 201.5 showed mortality in all patients with COVID-19 to have 71.1% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity (AUC:0.736, 95% CI: 0.641-0.832, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The present study showed that NAR levels can be a cheap and simple marker for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Nutrients, Diet, and Other Factors in Prenatal Life and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

Optimizing skeletal health in early life has potential effects on bone health later in childhood and in adulthood. We aimed to evaluate the existing evidence that maternal exposures during pregnancy have an impact on the subsequent bone health among offspring in young adults aged between 16 and 30 years. The protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42019126890). The search was conducted up to 2 April 2019. We included seven observational prospective cohort studies that examined the association between maternal dietary factors, vitamin D concentration, age, preeclampsia, and smoking with any bone indices among offspring. The results indicated that high concentrations of maternal vitamin D; low fat intake; and high intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium may increase the bone mineral density in offspring at age 16. Evidence also suggests that the offspring of younger mothers may have a higher peak bone mass. It remains inconclusive whether there is an influence of preeclampsia or maternal smoking on bone health among young adults. Our assessment of internal validity warrants a cautious interpretation of these results, as all of the included studies were judged to have serious risks of bias. High-quality studies assessing whether prenatal prognostic factors are associated with bone health in young adults are needed.
Shear Stress‐Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates

Abstract Some marine plankton called dinoflagellates emit light in response to the movement of surrounding water, resulting in a phenomenon called milky seas or sea sparkle. The underlying concept, a shear‐stress induced permeabilisation of biocatalytic reaction compartments, is transferred to polymer‐based nanoreactors. Amphiphilic block copolymers that carry nucleobases in their hydrophobic block are self‐assembled into polymersomes. The membrane of the vesicles can be transiently switched between an impermeable and a semipermeable state by shear forces occurring in flow or during turbulent mixing of polymersome dispersions. Nucleobase pairs in the hydrophobic leaflet separate when mechanical force is applied, exposing their hydrogen bonding motifs and therefore making the membrane less hydrophobic and more permeable for water soluble compounds. This polarity switch is used to release payload of the polymersomes on demand, and to activate biocatalytic reactions in the interior of the polymersomes.