Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-1, TRAF-2, and TRAF-3 interact in vivo with the CD30 cytoplasmic domain; TRAF-2 mediates CD30-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation.

CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which can transduce signals for prolifer-ation, death, or nuclear factor kappa B (NF- (cid:107) B) activation. Investigation of CD30 signaling pathways using a yeast two-hybrid interaction system trapped a cDNA encoding the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-2 TRAF homology domain. TRAF-1 and TRAF-3 also products cloned into pGEX-2TK (33). ilarly, the full-length CD30 cDNA and the carboxyl-terminal CD30 deletion mutant (CD30 (cid:68) 560-595 ) were subcloned into the expression plasmid pCI-neo (Promega). The dominant-negative TRAF-2 construct was prepared by deleting the RING finger motif (pTRAF-2 (cid:68) 1-86 ) as described elsewhere (29) and was subcloned into the plasmid pcDNA1 (Invitrogen). Yeast Two-Hybrid System. The two-hybrid system, the yeast strains (SFY526, HF7c, or Y190) and the human EBV- transformed peripheral blood B-lymphocyte library were purchased from CLONTECH. Protein interaction was quantified by liquid (cid:98) -galactosidase ( (cid:98) -gal) assays using ortho-nitro- (cid:98) - D galactosidase as substrate (31). Plasmid DNA was sequenced and analyzed using the European Molecular Biology Labora-tory data bank (February 1996).
Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse.

OBJECTIVE To extend the knowledge on long-term effects of childhood abuse in psychiatric patients to a large sample, the authors explored childhood sexual and physical abuse in adult inpatients over 1,040 consecutive admissions. METHOD The 947 patients were admitted to a tertiary-care military medical center. Each patient was interviewed, and abuse history, DSM-III-R diagnosis, and other characteristics were recorded. RESULTS The prevalence of reported childhood abuse was 18% overall: 9% for sexual abuse (with or without physical abuse), 10% for physical abuse (with or without sexual abuse), and 3% for combined abuse. More female than male patients reported abuse. Alcohol use disorders were more common in victims of physical or combined abuse than in sexually abused or nonabused patients. Axis II diagnoses, particularly borderline personality disorder, were more frequent in abuse victims than in nonabused patients. Histories of drug and alcohol abuse were more common in patients reporting physical or combined abuse than in nonabused patients. Suicidality was also more frequent in abused than nonabused inpatients and was noted in 79% of the patients with histories of combined abuse. Combined abuse in women and physical abuse in men were associated with a family history of psychiatric illness, most commonly alcoholism in male relatives. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the need for greater attention to family dynamics, aggressive diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism within the family, and, especially, determination of patients' abuse histories, even if repeated questioning is necessary.
Junet: A Julia Package For Network Research

Network science is moving at a rapid pace. However, mainstream analytic packages often fall behind: it is too difficult to implement new complex algorithms in them or it is hard to make them fast. With Junet, we address this problem by implementing a high-performance network analysis package in a high-level language. It allows users to write concise Julia code with performance on par with analogous C/C++ code and have unparalleled control over memory consumption for working with large networks.
Performance Enhancement on an InGaP/InGaAs PHEMT With an Electrophoretic Deposition Gate Structure

Interesting pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors using an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) approach are fabricated and studied. Due to the low-temperature deposited gate structure, the studied device exhibits enhanced performance with less thermal damages and improved Schottky contact properties by EPD approach. In comparison with a thermal evaporation (TE) device, the higher turn-on voltage, lower gate current, and lower interface state density are observed for the EPD device. For the gate dimension of 1 × 100 μm2 the EPD device shows the higher maximum drain saturation current of 242.2 (231.9) mA/mm and excellent maximum extrinsic transconductance of 151.6 (132.5) mS/mm at 300 (420) K. Besides, the EPD device presents a comparable RF performance as compared with the TE one. Due to the improved device performance and advantages of low cost, simple process, flexible deposition on varied substrate, and adjustable metal grain size, the reported EPD approach shows the promise for high-performance device applications.
Further Field Evidence for Minimax Play

This article provides evidence for mixed strategy play in a natural setting, using data from penalty kicking in professional German soccer. A penalty kick is a two-person constant-sum game. We distinguish two strategies for both players, namely, choosing left or right and verify empirically that the two main requirements for the existence of a Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies are met: (1) the expected payoffs are equal across strategies and (2) we cannot reject the hypothesis that players choose their actions randomly.
Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth

In this study, the effect of corruption on economic growth was evaluated by considering econometric analysis of panel models. In alignment with these, the research questions can be identified. What are the effects of corruption on economic growth? Whether there is a positive or negative link between corruption and economic growth in the countries under investigation? To answer these questions, this study introduced the impact of corruption on economic growth through direct and indirect methods. The indirect effects of corruption on economic growth emphasizes on the role of transmission channels. The transmission channels in this study are foreign direct investment and openness through which economic growth is influenced by corruption. The findings of the regression analysis revealed that, the direct effect of a 1% increase in the corruption leads to reduction of the growth rate by about 0.143 percentage points. In addition, the indirect effects of corruption on economic growth through FDI and OPEN are negligible and significant respectively. The reason might be due to the lack of predictability of corruption (uncertainty) in these developing countries. Rent seeking opportunities in terms of import licenses should be reduced, providing increased competition, transparency, and efficiency to the market.
Grand ideas floating freely. Conference on the new prion biology: basic science, diagnosis and therapy.

Prion protein (PrP) is critically involved in the transmission and pathogenesis of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which include scrapie in sheep, variant and sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. The normal, cellular PrPc protein encoded by the Prnp gene is required for susceptibility to TSE. The interconversion of this normal form into the highly protease-resistant PrPSc conformation leads to the formation of PrP aggregates and amyloid fibrils in the brain and ultimately to neurodegeneration in the affected animal. It has been proposed that this abnormal form of PrP is itself the infectious agent of transmission; however, this matter remains unsettled for a variety of reasons (Chesebro, 1998, 1999). The topics covered during this meeting included the structure and function of PrP, TSE pathogenesis, new efforts towards diagnostic tests, and the normal and abnormal roles of the newly described ‘doppel’ protein in gametogenesis and neurodegeneration.
Heat Stress Phenotypes of Arabidopsis Mutants Implicate Multiple Signaling Pathways in the Acquisition of Thermotolerance1[w]

To investigate the importance of different processes to heat stress tolerance, 45 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants and one transgenic line were tested for basal and acquired thermotolerance at different stages of growth. Plants tested were defective in signaling pathways (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and oxidative burst signaling) and in reactive oxygen metabolism (ascorbic acid or glutathione production, catalase) or had previously been found to have temperature-related phenotypes (e.g. fatty acid desaturase mutants, uvh6). Mutants were assessed for thermotolerance defects in seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, root growth, and seedling survival. To assess oxidative damage and alterations in the heat shock response, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, heat shock protein 101, and small heat shock protein levels were determined. Fifteen mutants showed significant phenotypes. Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling mutants (abi1 and abi2) and the UV-sensitive mutant, uvh6, showed the strongest defects in acquired thermotolerance of root growth and seedling survival. Mutations in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase homolog genes (atrbohB and D), ABA biosynthesis mutants (aba1, aba2, and aba3), and NahG transgenic lines (salicylic acid deficient) showed weaker defects. Ethylene signaling mutants (ein2 and etr1) and reactive oxygen metabolism mutants (vtc1, vtc2, npq1, and cad2) were more defective in basal than acquired thermotolerance, especially under high light. All mutants accumulated wild-type levels of heat shock protein 101 and small heat shock proteins. These data indicate that, separate from heat shock protein induction, ABA, active oxygen species, and salicylic acid pathways are involved in acquired thermotolerance and that UVH6 plays a significant role in temperature responses in addition to its role in UV stress.
Sequential feeding networks for subarrays of circularly polarized patch antenna

The following paper presents and compares simulated results of reflection coefficient, axial ratio, and realized gain, which are related to various structures of patch antenna including single element, subarrays of 2×2 and 4×4. The proposed antennas have a capability of circular polarization in millimeter wave applications. In addition, the basic structure of antennas is in the form of aperture coupled conducting patch. In order to extend CP bandwidth, parallel sequential feeding technique is used in subarrays 2×2 and 4×4.
Multiple recurrent chromosomal breakpoints in mantle cell lymphoma revealed by a combination of molecular cytogenetic techniques

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is genetically characterized by 11q13 translocations leading to the overexpression of CCND1, and additional secondary genomic alterations that may be important in the progression of this disease. We have analyzed 22 MCL cases and 10 MCL cell lines using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M‐FISH), FISH, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The 19 cases with abnormal karyotype showed the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation and, additionally, 89% of cases showed both numerical (n = 58) and structural (n = 77) aberrations. All but one MCL cell line showed t(11;14) and structural and numerical alterations in highly complex karyotypes. Besides 11 and 14, the most commonly rearranged chromosomes were 1, 8, and 10 in the tumors and 1, 8, and 9 in the cell lines. No recurrent translocations other than the t(11;14) were identified. However, we identified 17 recurrent breakpoints, the most frequent being 1p22 and 8p11, each observed in four cases and two cell lines. Interestingly, five tumors and four cell lines displayed a complex t(11;14), cryptic in one case and two cell lines, preferentially involving chromosome 8. In typical MCL, ATM gene deletions were significantly associated with a high number of structural and numerical alterations. In conclusion, MCL does not have recurrent translocations other than t(11;14), but shows recurrent chromosomal breakpoints. Furthermore, most MCL harbor complex karyotypes with a high number of both structural and numerical alterations affecting several common breakpoints, leading to various balanced and unbalanced translocations. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Choroidal Microvasculature Dropout is Not Associated With Myopia, But is Associated With Glaucoma

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of choroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD) in healthy myopic eyes in comparison with that of myopic open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes and determine whether myopia is independently associated with CMvD. Patients and Methods: Choroidal layer microvasculature images were obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography in 89 myopic OAG patients and 89 age-matched and refractive error-matched healthy myopic eyes. CMvD was defined as a complete loss of the microvasculature network on the choroidal layer vessel density (VD) map. The frequency of CMvD was compared between myopic OAG and healthy myopic eyes. Hemispheric comparisons of various parameters were performed between CMvD-affected and CMvD-unaffected hemiretina. The association of myopia with the presence and angular circumference of CMvD was evaluated using logistic and linear regression analyses. Results: CMvD was identified in 40 eyes (47.6%) with myopic OAG, whereas no CMvD was found in healthy myopic eyes. Mean hemispheric visual field sensitivity (294.9±321.1 vs. 610.5±387.5, P=0.006), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (68.9±11.5 vs. 82.5±20.6 &mgr;m, P=0.001), and circumpapillary VD (50.5%±7.3% vs. 53.9%±8.8%, P=0.048) were significantly worse in the CMvD-affected hemiretina than in the CMvD-unaffected hemiretina. The presence and angular circumference of CMvD was significantly associated with parameters (visual field mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and circumpapillary VD; P<0.05) representing glaucoma severity rather than parameters (refractive error and axial length; P>0.05) representing myopic change. Conclusions: CMvD was observed only in glaucomatous eyes and associated with severity of glaucomatous damage in myopic OAG subjects. The angular circumference of CMvD was significantly related to glaucoma severity.
The Extreme Variety of Genotoxic Response to Benzo[a]pyrene in Three Different Human Cell Lines from Three Different Organs

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are associated with occupational exposure and urban atmospheric pollution. Determination of the genotoxic properties of these compounds is thus of outmost importance. For this purpose a variety of cellular models have been widely used. Reliable results can however only be obtained with models reflecting the specific sensitivity of different organs towards PAHs. In this work, we compared the response to benzo[a]pyrene in cell lines from human lungs (A549) and bladder (T24); two important target organs for PAHs-induced cancer. Human hepatocytes (HepG2) were used as a reference, although liver is not a concern for PAHs carcinogenesis. Adducts arising from the ultimate diol-epoxide metabolite of B[a]P, BPDE, were found to be produced in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2. BPDE DNA adducts were not detected in T24 and in A549 their formation was found to be most efficient at the lowest concentration studied (0.2 µM). These results are probably explained by differences in induction and activity of phase I metabolization enzymes, as well as by proteins eliminating the B[a]P epoxide in A549. In addition to BPDE adducts, oxidative DNA damage, namely strand breaks and oxidized purines were measured and found to be produced only in minute amounts in all three cell lines. In summary, our results emphasize the large differences in the response of cells originating from different organs. Our data also point out the importance of carefully selecting the doses used in in vitro toxicological experiments. The example of A549 shows that working at high doses may lead to an underestimation of the risk. Finally, the choice of method for evaluating genotoxicity appears to be of crucial importance. The comet assay does not seem to be the best method for a compound like B[a]P which induces stable adducts causing limited oxidative damage.
Impact of the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension on behavioral variables. Results from the systolic hypertension in the elderly program.

BACKGROUND Little information has been published on the impact of antihypertensive medications on quality of life in older persons. Particular concern has existed that lowering systolic blood pressure in older persons might have adverse consequences on cognition, mood, or leisure activities. METHODS A multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted over an average of 5 years' followup involving 16 academic clinical trial clinics. Participants consisted of 4736 persons (1.06%) selected from 447,921 screenees aged 60 years and older. Systolic blood pressure at baseline ranged from 160 to 219 mm Hg, while diastolic blood pressure was less than 90 mm Hg. Participants were randomized to active antihypertensive drug therapy or matching placebo. Active treatment consisted of 12.5 to 25 mg of chlorthalidone for step 1, while step 2 consisted of 25 to 50 mg of atenolol. If atenolol was contraindicated, 0.05 to 0.10 mg of reserpine could be used for the second-step drug. The impact of drug treatment on measures of cognitive, emotional, and physical function and leisure activities was assessed. RESULTS Our analyses demonstrate that active treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program cohort had no measured negative effects and, for some measures, a slight positive effect on cognitive, physical, and leisure function. The positive findings in favor of the treatment group were small. There was no effect on measures related to emotional state. Measures of cognitive and emotional function were stable in both groups for the duration of the study. Both treatment groups showed a modest trend toward deterioration of some measures of physical and leisure function over the study period. CONCLUSIONS The overall study cohort exhibited decline over time in activities of daily living, particularly the more strenuous ones, and some decline in certain leisure activities. However, mood, cognitive function, basic self-care, and moderate leisure activity were remarkably stable for both the active and the placebo groups throughout the entire study. Results of this study support the inference that medical treatment of isolated systolic hypertension does not cause deterioration in measures of cognition, emotional state, physical function, or leisure activities.
Looking at Notions of Adult Education and Social Justice Over Thirty Years: A Personal Narrative

hen I completed a my doctoral program in adult education in the mid 1980s, I, like many entering the field in that era, saw adult education as providing a ‘second chance” at educational opportunity for individuals whose needs were not well served by the existing K12 systems—offering the possibility of equity, deferred though it might be. Yet, my own awareness of social justice as a framework for understanding and addressing the inequities that stirred my interest in the field was at the time quite limited. Accustomed to the psychological orientations toward adult learning and education dominant at that time, I was optimistic that expanding adult educators’ understandings of cultural contexts—their own and those of their students—would go far in improving classroom and program environments for those who were underrepresented. In this reflection, it is my hope that sharing selected “screen shots” from my own 30-year evolution toward understanding the critical, if imperfect, relationship between adult education and social justice may offer some insight. I will focus primarily on two dimensions of social justice that have been central to my own work and which continue to hold an important place in discussions of social justice today—race and disability.
The mdx mouse model as a surrogate for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Research into fundamental principles and the testing of therapeutic hypotheses for treatment of human disease is commonly performed on mouse models of human diseases. Although this is often the only practicable approach, it carries a number of caveats arising from differences between the two species. This review focuses on the example of skeletal muscle disease, in particular muscular dystrophy, to identify some of the principal classes of obstacles to translation of data from mouse to humans. Of these, the difference in scale is one of the most commonly ignored, and is of particular interest because it has quite major repercussions for evaluation of some classes of intervention and of outcome criteria, while having comparatively little bearing on others. Likewise, inter‐species differences and similarities in cell and molecular biological mechanisms underlying development, growth and response to pathological processes should be considered on an individual basis. An awareness of such distinctions is crucial if we are to avoid misjudging the likely applicability to humans of results obtained on mouse models.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Proklamace nebo ekonomická nutnost?

The theory "corporate social responsibility" (CSR) is characterized in the paper. The paper expresses the authors´ opinion, that CSR as a mere proclamation of necessity of the firms´ ethic behavior does not enforce this into praxis. The internal economic motivation to CSR is the necessary condition for firms to invest in CSR. The necessary conditions for such motivation are than formulated.
Deletion of FGFR3 in Osteoclast Lineage Cells Results in Increased Bone Mass in Mice by Inhibiting Osteoclastic Bone Resorption

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) participates in bone remodeling. Both Fgfr3 global knockout and activated mice showed decreased bone mass with increased osteoclast formation or bone resorption activity. To clarify the direct effect of FGFR3 on osteoclasts, we specifically deleted Fgfr3 in osteoclast lineage cells. Adult mice with Fgfr3 deficiency in osteoclast lineage cells (mutant [MUT]) showed increased bone mass. In a drilled‐hole defect model, the bone remodeling of the holed area in cortical bone was also impaired with delayed resorption of residual woven bone in MUT mice. In vitro assay demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclasts derived from wild‐type and Fgfr3‐deficient bone marrow monocytes, suggesting that FGFR3 had no remarkable effect on osteoclast formation. The bone resorption activity of Fgfr3‐deficient osteoclasts was markedly decreased accompanying with downregulated expressions of Trap, Ctsk, and Mmp 9. The upregulated activity of osteoclastic bone resorption by FGF2 in vitro was also impaired in Fgfr3‐deficient osteoclasts, indicating that FGFR3 may participate in the regulation of bone resorption activity of osteoclasts by FGF2. Reduced adhesion but not migration in osteoclasts with Fgfr3 deficiency may be responsible for the impaired bone resorption activity. Our study for the first time genetically shows the direct positive regulation of FGFR3 on osteoclastic bone resorption. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.