Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the design of dietary based studies enough with a quantitative description ?

Objective: A proper diet, from a macronutrients quantitative point of view, does not imply it is qualitatively correct. We demonstrate that quantitative dietary advice may be qualitatively deficient. Design and setting: A search for suitable recommendations of macronutrients contribution to total energy intake was performed. Two similar quantitative (15-25% proteins, 45-60% carbohydrates and 20-35% fat) but qualitatively different weekly menus were designed using DIAL software. Menu A provides more fibre, MUFAs, vitamins, minerals and minor components of the diet than menu B and PUFAs/SFA index is higher. In menu B, SFA, cholesterol, glucose and sucrose levels are higher. Results: Menu A has better qualitative contribution of carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals; it is better adjusted to the dietary reference values, and provides more phytochemicals components. It also has more fibre and less simple sugar. Menu B provides plenty of fructose mainly from soft drinks. Conclusions: Diet may be deficient if only planned taking in consideration the quantitative aspect. All of this can generate wrong study analyses and conclusions.
Engineering Processes in Game Development : a Survey about Brazilian Developers ’ Experiences

With the increasing participation of digital games in the economy and our society, the attention given to this subject in the academic field has also increased. However, the software engineering field and, more precisely, game development processes seems to be forgotten by researchers. In addition, game developers and big game companies prefer to keep their processes and methodologies to themselves. Studies and professional reports have shown the “ugly face” behind the game industry. Crunch Times and heavy pressure during the development are treated as normal practices in a game developer’s life. In this work, we surveyed 58 Brazilian game developers about the relations between game development process and problems in a software engineering context. We sought for answers based on empirical data collected from the questionnaire. The goal was to understand the area and provide insights to improve game development, pointing a direction for future researches. As a result, considering the Brazilian context, this paper presents three main contributions. The first shows that, on projects that used systematic approaches, regardless of the type, result in better products. The second presents that Delays, Unrealistic scope and Lack of documentation are the most common problems faced by game developers. Finally, we describe insights and considerations gathered from developers and literature studies, which may serve as a source of knowledge as well as characterization of the Brazilian game developers.
Driver response to variable message signs-based traffic information

This study investigates driver response attitudes to traffic information provided through variable message signs (VMS). It develops VMS driver response models using stated preference data collected through three different survey administration methods: an on-site survey, a mail-back survey and an Internet-based survey. In the process, it highlights the strengths and limitations of each method in eliciting driver response attitudes to information provision. The use of different media for the survey administration provides insights for the design of travel surveys. A key study focus is to evaluate the effectiveness of Internet-based surveys for analysing driver behaviour under information provision. The results illustrate that a combination of survey administration methods may generate more representative data. They also indicate a high correlation between VMS message type and driver response. This suggests message content as a control variable for traffic system operators to trigger optimal routing policies under congested conditions to improve network performance. The benefits afforded by Internet-based surveys in the study context are highlighted. They are cost-effective, amenable to automation, less labour-intensive, can target certain market segments more effectively and can enable greater clarity in the survey through better visual articulation. However, their widespread use requires greater market penetration in terms of Internet access.
2 Some apparent shortcomings of mathematics as a handmaiden for science

In this paper, it is argued that, despite its many strengths and undoubted value in science, mathematics also has some weaknesses as a handmaiden for science. There appears to be potential in developing a new mathematics for science (NMFS) which is designed to overcome those weaknesses and to meet more fully the needs of science. As a background to the proposals: 1) The conclusions of a companion paper are noted—that mathematics is, fundamentally, a set of techniques for the compression of information and the application of those techniques; 2) That the effectiveness of mathematics in science is because it provides a means of achieving the compression of information which lies at the heart of science; 3) Since science and mathematics are products of the human intellect, it should not be surprising to find that the workings of the human mind has an influence on both of them; and 4) The significance of information compression in science and mathematics is in line with an abundance of other evidence for the significance of information compression in human learning, perception, and thinking. Continuing the theme of information compression as a unifying principle, the SP theory of intelligence and its realisation in the SP computer model demonstrate how diverse aspects of intelligence may be modelled via information compression within the powerful framework of multiple alignment. An NMFS is proposed, created as an amalgamation of mathematics as it is today with the SP system as it is today, including developments in both areas that are anticipated now. It is envisaged that, for reasons described in the paper, the proposed NMFS will overcome several of the apparent weaknesses in mathematics. In several sections, there is discussion of some possible implications for science of the proposed NMFS, including: potential for the long-sought-after ∗Dr Gerry Wolff, BA (Cantab), PhD (Wales), CEng, MBCS (CITP); CognitionResearch.org, Menai Bridge, UK; jgw@cognitionresearch.org; +44 (0) 1248 712962; +44 (0) 7746 290775; Skype: gerry.wolff; Web: www.cognitionresearch.org.
Title The Extent and History of Foreign Direct Investment in Japan

The past few decades have seen a significant rise in foreign direct investment (FDI) worldwide. While Japanese companies have actively contributed to this trend, FDI in Japan continues to be much lower than in other countries. This paper explores the history of both outward and inward FDI in Japan, looking in particular at the reasons for the low levels of inward FDI. New calculations for this paper – based on data from the Establishment and Enterprise Census – show that foreign firms’ role in the Japanese economy may be substantially larger than the most frequently cited published statistics suggest. In some industries (motor vehicles and electrical machinery in particular), inward FDI penetration, as measured by the share of employment accounted for by foreign affiliates, in Japan in fact is on par with the United States. However, a large number of “sanctuaries” with almost no foreign involvement remain, so that FDI penetration overall is still very low. While to some extent, this can be explained by Japan’s relatively isolated geographic location, historical factors play an important role. Throughout the centuries and until quite recently, Japan’s rulers have viewed foreign involvement in the economy as a threat and consequently erected various barriers to FDI, which are discussed in detail. ___________________________________________________________________________ Correspondence: *Ralph Paprzycki, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Naka 2-1, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603. E-mail: ralphp@ier.hit-u.ac. jp ** Kyoji Fukao, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Naka 2-1, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603. E-mail: k.fukao@srv.cc. hit-u.ac. jp
Effects of Chicory Fructans on Egg Cholesterol in Commercial Laying Hen

Supplementing layer diets with oligofructose (1.0% (w/w) Raftifeed®OPS) and 1.0% (w/w) inulin (in the form of 1.3% (w/w) Raftifeed®IPE) reduced (P<0.05) yolk cholesterol concentrations on average by 18.64% and 16.44%, respectively, when compared to the control. However, greater reductions in yolk cholesterol content were calculated. They were 20.68% and 22.39%, on average, for oligofructose and inulin, respectively. These prebiotics reduced (P<0.05) laying hen’s blood serum cholesterol by 17.75% and 16.23%, respectively. At the same time, oligofructose and inulin increased (P<0.05) cholesterol concentrations of the small intestinal (jejunum) contents and total cholesterol excretion from the fecal material in layers compared with those of the controls. In studies of the linear relations of cholesterol concentrations in each pair of yolk, serum, jejunum contents, and fecal materials, the results indicated that lowered concentrations of yolk cholesterol might be attributed to lowered serum cholesterol that results from a greater content of unabsorbable cholesterol in jejunum contents and more cholesterol excretion. Hence, supplementation of a basal laying hen diet with either oligofructose or inulin reduced yolk cholesterol and may offer a way to produce eggs with lowered yolk cholesterol.
Project Status Report of Multipath Routing for Load Balancing and QoS in Computer Networks

The Internet today largely uses single-path routing. Although this works, it results in central links becoming congested and other links being idle, which is not optimal for network traffic flow. One solution is to use multipath routing as a way to increase link utilization while decreasing congestion and improving quality-of-service (QoS). To do this requires the use of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) as a substitution for destination-based forwarding since there can and should be multiple paths to a given destination. To use the desired MPLS implementation for this project requires abandoning the end-to-end principle and adopting Software-Defined Networking. For this project the author is using the Ryu controller for SDN. This paper discusses the author’s work on implementing a prototype of this multipath routing with MPLS and SDN multipath routing at the link layer in a local area network.
Who is dominant? Occupational Health and Safety management in Chinese shipping

This article investigates the implementation of the International Safety Management Code in the Chinese chemical shipping industry. In particular, it examines the tension between management focus on speedy production and seafarers’ participation in safety-related decision-making and analyses how this tension is managed. It shows that while on paper companies have policies stating safety commitment in compliance with the International Safety Management Code, in practice shore management tends to prioritise efficient production. When Occupational Health and Safety and ship’s sailing schedules are in conflict, managers implicitly request shipmasters to prioritise the ‘core interest’ of the company. Although the International Safety Management Code endows shipmasters with overriding authority in relation to shipboard safety management, they tend to read between the lines and tacitly follow managers’ intentions. The study suggests that if the implementation of the International Safety Management Code makes a difference, it is the practice that managers become more subtle in giving orders to exert their dominance. The study further reveals that the management’s practice is not only irresponsive to seafarers’ safety concerns, but also makes rather limited contributions to promote Occupational Health and Safety management.
Qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data

We present the qgraph package for R, which provides an interface to visualize data through network modeling techniques. For instance, a correlation matrix can be represented as a network in which each variable is a node and each correlation an edge; by varying the width of the edges according to the magnitude of the correlation, the structure of the correlation matrix can be visualized. A wide variety of matrices that are used in statistics can be represented in this fashion, for example matrices that contain (implied) covariances, factor loadings, regression parameters and p values. qgraph can also be used as a psychometric tool, as it performs exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, using sem and lavaan; the output of these packages is automatically visualized in qgraph, which may aid the interpretation of results. In this article, we introduce qgraph by applying the package functions to data from the NEO-PI-R, a widely used personality questionnaire.
Agreement in late twentieth century Southern Hemisphere stratospheric temperature trends in observations and CCMVal‐2, CMIP3, and CMIP5 models

We present a comparison of temperature trends using different satellite and radiosonde observations and climate (GCM) and chemistry‐climate model (CCM) outputs, focusing on the role of photochemical ozone depletion in the Antarctic lower stratosphere during the second half of the twentieth century. Ozone‐induced stratospheric cooling peaks during November at an altitude of approximately 100 hPa in radiosonde observations, with 1969 to 1998 trends in the range of −3.8 to −4.7 K/dec. This stratospheric cooling trend is more than 50% greater than the previously estimated value of −2.4 K/dec, which suggested that the CCMs were overestimating the stratospheric cooling, and that the less complex GCMs forced by prescribed ozone were matching observations better. Corresponding ensemble mean model trends are −3.8 K/dec for the CCMs, −3.5 K/dec for the CMIP5 GCMs, and −2.7 K/dec for the CMIP3 GCMs. Accounting for various sources of uncertainty—including sampling uncertainty, measurement error, model spread, and trend confidence intervals—observations and CCM and GCM ensembles are consistent in this new analysis. This consistency does not apply to each individual that makes up the GCM and CCM ensembles, and some do not show significant ozone‐induced cooling. Nonetheless, analysis of the joint ozone and temperature trends in the CCMs suggests that the modeled cooling/ozone‐depletion relationship is within the range of observations. Overall, this study emphasizes the need to use a wide range of observations for model validation as well as sufficient accounting of uncertainty in both models and measurements.
Evidence for a Sauropod-Like Metacarpal Configuration in Stegosaurian Dinosaurs

The stegosaurian forelimb is usually portrayed with the metacarpals slanted and distally spread. However, manual manipulation of stegosaurian metacarpals reveals that in that configuration they do not articulate with each other nor with the rest of the forelimb. Rather, they do articulate with each other and with the rest of the forelimb when posed vertically and arranged in a compact, semi-tubular configuration, as in sauropods. This configuration agrees with data from articulated specimens and trackways. As with sauropods, this metacarpal configuration makes retention of phalanges awkward for locomotion and may be functionally related to the vestigiality of the manual phalanges of the outer digits.
Damage Control Surgery in Abdominal Trauma Associated with Pelvic Fracture

Introduction: A haemodynamically unstable patient with abdominal injury associated with pelvic fractures is a serious challenge for trauma surgeons and anesthesiologists. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of patients’ treatment with combined abdominal-pelvic lesions using the TRISS and ASCOT predictive scores. Patients and methods: The study included polytraumatized patients with haemodynamic instability or signs of acute abdomen witch required emergency laparotomy. Between 2008 and 2010, 124 patients were operated for abdominal trauma, 12 cases (9.6%) being associated with pelvic fracture. Results: The mean age was 50.1 years (range 25–80 years). The lesions associated with pelvic fractures were the following: rupture of spleen (2 cases), liver rupture (2 cases), lung rupture (2 cases), diaphragm rupture and detachment (3 cases), small intestine and colon lesions (3 cases), rupture of the urinary bladder (4 cases), urethra rupture (3 cases), and head trauma (3 cases). In the treatment of retroperitoneal bleeding in 6 cases it was necessary to perform packing control of the pelvic haemorrhage. Four patients died, giving an overall mortality rate of 33.3%. The mortality was not influenced by age (p = 0.31), ISS (p = 0.42) and pH (p = 0.63). The probability of survival calculated using TRISS was 62.3% and the probability of death calculated using ASCOT was 28.6%. Conclusions: The control of haemostasis and peritoneal decontamination are priorities in the case of adominal-pelvic lesions. The packing control of haemorrhage proved to be effective in the management of bleedings caused by rupture of a retroperitoneal hematoma in the peritoneal cavity.
A paradigm for ERP and BPR integration

In order to sustain a competitive edge in this global manufacturing era, enterprises need to adopt appropriate improvement schemes. Two widely-used tools have been Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR). ERP is identi® ed as the most applicable information system for the modern manufacturing industry. In addition, many BPR practitioners have identi® ed the use of information technology (IT) as a critical factor for the success of BPR. Nevertheless, research into IT for BPR and hence ERP is limited. One of the major reasons why the ERPsystem has not been implemented successfully is the inappropriate use of design and implementation methodology employing the modern BPR concept. Accordingly, in this paper, the authors propose a conceptual model called the Hierarchical Design Pyramid (HDP), to implement ERP under an enterprise re-engineering (BPR) context, using an integrated structured and object-oriented tool to design a novel manufacturing system in a total quality environment. The proposed model aims to provide a basis for manufacturers to implement ERP in a systematic manner.
Implications of the Articulation Gap between Geography Learners in Secondary Schools and University

There is a concern in South Africa that most learners arrive at university underprepared. This is also a major concern for students who enroll for the BEd programme specialising in geography education. Due to the learners’ articulation gap, they are unable to cope with the standard that is expected of them. Hence this study investigated the level of geography learners’ preparedness when they arrive at university. The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges experienced by geography students in their first-year of study. The researchers used a qualitative approach grounded in phenomenology as the research design. Purposive sampling was used to select students who failed geography education in both semesters in their first-year of study, the academic year 2016. Two lecturers who teach geography in the first-year were sampled. The geography curriculum used in the secondary schools and university were also reviewed to determine the extent of alignment between the two. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The results of the study revealed that geography students enter university without proper preparation, and are therefore unable to cope with their first-year of study. The study further revealed that teachers who teach geography in secondary school are not sufficiently trained to teach geography, which results in their engaging in surface learning as opposed to deep learning. The study recommends that there be collaboration between secondary schools and universities to discuss the university’s expectations with regard to learner preparedness. Moreover, geography teachers should be trained on an on-going basis in order for them to keep up with current trends in the area of geography education. Khashane Stephen Malatji & Rachael Jesika Singh 92
Implementation of Low Power Adiabatic based Inverter for Dynamic Comparator

The requirement for portable battery operating devices is escalating nowadays, hence low power methodologies are being favoured for high speed applications. Symmetric circuits with regenerative feedback provide opportunity to spot new structures that may be mainly helpful. Regenerative feedback is generally used in Dynamic Comparators and hardly ever in non clocked comparators. In the process of designing high speed ADCs (Analog-to-Digital Converters), Dynamic Comparator is generally used and can be simply designed. Dynamic comparators have a wide use in high speed ADCs because of their fast speed, high input impedance, full-swing output and low power consumption. To further reduce the power consumption, a novel Dynamic Comparator has been proposed where the back-to-back inverter of a conventional dynamic comparator is being replaced by the DFAL (Diode Free Adiabatic Logic) inverter that utilizes the adiabatic logic principle. For the corroboration of performance, the design is simulated by the Cadence Virtuoso Spectre simulator in gdpk 90nm Technology.
Making Asymmetric Dark Matter Gold: Early Universe Synthesis of Nuggets

We compute the mass function of bound states of Asymmetric Dark Matter--nuggets--synthesized in the early Universe. We apply our results for the nugget density and binding energy computed from a nuclear model to obtain analytic estimates of the typical nugget size exiting synthesis. We numerically solve the Boltzmann equation for synthesis including two-to-two fusion reactions, estimating the impact of bottlenecks on the mass function exiting synthesis. These results provide the basis for studying the late Universe cosmology of nuggets in a future companion paper.
The Impact of Remittances on Incentives: The Case of Albania

This paper examines the microeconomic impact of migrant remittances on children’s school attendance and adult labor supply in Albania. Using cross-sectional data provided by the 2005 Living Standard Measurement Survey and a combination of empirical methodologies in order to correct for potential sample selection and endogeneity of remittance receipts, I find that remittances decrease the likelihood of attending school for children between 12-17 years old in recipient households and that remittances decrease the likelihood of participating in the labor force for adults between 22-65 years old. These results suggest that while migration and the resulting remittances have greatly contributed to increase household’s income and to keep many families out of poverty, they seem to act as a disincentive factor and are not likely to be a sustainable mechanism for socio-economic development and long-term growth.