Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ICIW 2019 Proceedings

The microservices architectural style has gained a significant popularity over the last few years. It promotes structuring applications as a composition of independent services of small granularity – microservices. Such an approach supports agile development and continuous integration and deployment. However, it also poses a significant challenge in ensuring the required quality of service and, in particular, fault tolerance. It requires a systematic analysis of possible failure scenarios and the use of structured techniques to implementing fault tolerance mechanisms capable of coping with the various types of failures. In this paper, we propose a structured approach to model-driven engineering of fault tolerant applications developed in the microservice architectural style. We define modelling patterns to facilitate the design of appropriate fault tolerance mechanisms. We also discuss how to integrate fault tolerance into the design of complex applications. We demonstrate how to graphically model the micorservice architectures and augment them with various fault tolerance mechanisms. The proposed approach facilitates a systematic analysis of possible failures, recovery actions and design alternatives. Our approach supports structured guided reasoning about fault tolerance at different levels of abstraction and enables efficient exploration of design space. It allows the designers to evaluate various architectural solutions at the design stage that helps to derive clean architectures and improve fault tolerance of developed applications. Keywords— microservices; fault tolerance; architecture; graphical modelling; fault tolerance pattern component.
A Heuristic Approach to Detect Opaque Predicates that Disrupt Static Disassembly

—Opaque predicates are used to perform code obfuscation by injecting superﬂuous branches into the program. Superﬂuous branches are the gateways for junk bytes or un-reachable code to inconspicuously mingle with authentic code instructions. In this paper, we focus on the case where opaque predicates introduce junk bytes, thus causing damage to the static disassembly process when junk bytes are also treated as code. Although introduced two decades ago, detecting opaque predicates is still an unsolved problem due to the ﬂexibility in their constructions. Past works on detecting opaque predicates only detect opaque predicates with speciﬁc constructions. We propose a novel approach to opaque predicates detection that allows us to generically detect opaque predicates when the damage is the inserted junk bytes. Our proposed approach is the ﬁrst to detect opaque predicates by identifying their corresponding superﬂuous branches through the damage caused by the obfuscation. Preliminary experiments show the potential of this novel approach by detecting opaque predicates of varied constructions.
DMS and DMSP production by marine dinoflagellates

Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is the biogenic precursor of the climatecooling gas dimethylsulphide (DMS). DMSP is produced by certain phytoplankton groups including dinoflagellates. DMSP is a multifunctional compound potentially acting as an osmolyte, cryoprotectant, antioxidant, methyl donor, grazer deterrent and overflow exudate but its primary biological role and the variation in DMSP content in dinoflagellates remain unclear. As dinoflagellates can be sensitive to agitation, the methods for DMSP measurements in cultures were assessed and the measurement of total DMSP as a surrogate for intracellular DMSP was retained for most experiments. I collected all the published DMSP data in dinoflagellates and measured DMSP in 9 species. The obtained dataset proposed a summary of DMSP concentrations in dinoflagellates which spread over 6 orders of magnitude with an average of 242 mM (n=61) and include the widest and highest DMSP concentrations reported in phytoplankton. The DMSP content was analysed in relation with various biological criteria that determine the wide diversity of the dinoflagellate group. Bioluminescent species and species holding haptophyte-like plastids have significantly lower DMSP concentrations whereas higher concentrations were found in Mediterranean species. The role of DMSP was further investigated in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii by testing the effect of abiotic parameters on its DMSP content. DMSP acted as an osmolyte with a short-term response to hyperosmotic shock and long-term response to hypoosmotic shock. Concentrations also increased with growth as a result of glucose depletion suggesting that DMSP might replace glucose-derived osmolytes. The DMSP adjustment of cultures transferred into glucose-depleted or repleted media appeared to be exceptionally fast ( 1 min).
Modification of VRC01 for enhancing half-life and ADCC activity (155.39)

Several studies have demonstrated that increased binding of IgG to hFcRn extended the half-life of antibody in serum. In addition, the Fc region of IgG binds to FcγRIIIa, mediating ADCC. Modification for hFcRn and FcγRIIIa may negatively affect their functions respective to the other. Here, to increase the potency and duration of VRC01, a broadly neutralizing antibody to HIV gp120, we have combined hFcRn-binding enhancing mutations (QL, LS, A, AAA and YTE) with ADCC enhancing mutations (DE and DLE) to improve in vivo activity. We demonstrated that all of the mutants have Ag binding affinities similar to VRC01 wild type (WT), indicating that the neutralizing activities are likely maintained with these mutants. All mutants except mutant group A have increased binding to hFcRn at both pH6.0 and pH7.4 compared to VRC01 WT. Using a transcytosis assay, we showed that DE-QL and DE-LS mutants had increased transport across epithelial cells compared to others in the DE mutant groups. ADCC enhancing mutations recovered the loss of ADCC acitivities and FcγRIIIa binding affinity associated with hFcRn-binding enhancing mutations. Unlike other mutations tested, a single LS mutant has FcγRIIIa binding and ADCC activity similar to VRC01 WT. The combined DE-LS and DLE-LS mutants showed increased functional activity in transcytosis and ADCC assays. Taken together, the DE-LS or DLE-LS mutants were able to enhance both half-life and effector functions in vitro.
Anthelmintic efficacy of Diospyros mollis, Combretum quadrangulare and Euphorbia heterophylla on adult Ascaridia galli in layers.

Anthelmintic efficacy of dry herbals Diospyros mollis, Combretum quadrangul and Euphorbia heterophylla on adults Ascaridia galli was studied by supplementation of the herbs in layers diet at 1 gram/kilogram body weight for 5 days. One hundred and sixty layers were divided into 5 groups, 4 replcations with 8 layers/replication each. Each group of the animal was randomly fed an experimental diet as follows, a negative control diet which containing cassava starch at dosage 1 gram/kilogram body weight, a positive control diet which containing piperazine at dosage 15 grams/kilograms body weight and a treatment diet which containing dry Diospyros mollis, Combretum quadrangul, or Euphorbia heterophylla at dosage 1 gram/kilogram body weight. The herbs were mixed in the feed and fed to animal for 5 days prior to examination of the efficacy. Fecal examinations (using formalin ethylacetate sedimentation concentration technique) were done at 2, 9, 16, 23 days after treatment. Positive and negative control groups had 100% and 0 % efficacy for the removal of adult Ascaridia galli. At 23 days after treatment efficacy of Diospyros mollis, Combretum quadrangul and Euphorbia heterophylla against the adult Ascaridia galli was 88%, 75% and 63% respectively (P<0.05).
INFLUENCE OF THE ACUTE INFLAMMATION AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION ON THE RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION FORMATION AFTER CARDIO-SURGICAL INTERFERENCES WITH THE USE OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Acute inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (EDF) are typical pathological processes, which determine the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) during cardio-surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CB), but the connection of seromarkers according to the terms of occlusion appearance remains undefined. The aim – to determine the influence of the acute inflammation and EDF for RVO formation after cardio-surgical interferences with the use of CB according to the terms of occlusion appearance. Material and methods. There were selected for the research the data of 137 eyes (126 patients, the main group) with RVO after the surgery with CB. The comparison group contains the data about examination of 86 eyes (43 patients), who had not any occlusion during all term of examination. The control group consisted of 10 eyes (5 patients) without occlusion, which were examined before surgery. An ophthalmologist 2, 7, 30, 60, 90 and 180 days after cardio-surgical interference, examined patients. The content of IL-6, IL-8 and VE-cadherin in blood serum was determined by immunoenzyme technique (Bender Medsystems, Austria). Statistical data processing was performed with the use of Statistica 10 program (StatSoft, Inc., USA), regression analysis – with the use of the program package GLZ. Results. The conduction of cardio-surgeries with the use of CB caused an increase of the interleukins content in the early period (IL-6 on the 2nd and 7th days, and IL-8 up to 30 days), while the content of VE-cadherin (VE-C) was slightly increased during almost all period of monitoring. With the availability of RVO, the content of IL-6 during all terms of occlusion appearance was significantly higher, the content of IL-6 was up to 30 days, and the content of VE-C in a greater degree was after the 7th day. The regression analysis showed that after 1-2 days RVO appearance was directly related with the content of IL-6 and IL-8 in the blood, on the 3rd and 7th days – only with the content of IL-8, on the 8th and 30th days – with the content of all markers, and then with the content of IL-6 and VE-C. The accuracy of the prediction of the presence or absence of RVO at the appropriate period according to the calculated regression model is at least 78 % (p <0.001), what proves the influence of markers on the development of RVO. Conclusions. The undertaken study shows the meaning of the acute inflammation and EDF by appearance of RVO with the use of CB, what justifies the application of the preventive measures - at the early stages the restriction of activity of the inflammatory process, at the later stages – prevention of EDF development.
Development Of Introgression Lines And Validation Of Quantitative Trait Loci (Qtl) Conferring Transgressive Variation For Yield In Rice

A set of introgression lines (ILs) were developed in an advanced backcross population from a cross between the donor, O. rufipogon (IRGC 105491) in the genetic background of an elite U.S. variety, cv Jefferson, to confirm the performance of six yield-enhancing QTLs identified from a previous study. At the BC3F4 generation, 50 lines containing the donor alleles at the target QTL regions and the least number of background introgressions were selected for evaluation in standard yield plots at four locations in southern U.S. rice growing regions. The top performing lines were genotyped with fixed SNP assays to provide a higher resolution definition of the size and location of donor introgressions in each IL. Based only on genotypic data, 1-2 plants/family were simultaneously selected for an additional backcrossing to Jefferson and screened with SSRs and InDel markers for selecting individuals with minimum background, and for recombination within the target QTL regions as the basis for fine mapping. NIL status was confirmed using the 384 SNP assay and additional genotyping conducted with SNP markers.
Chemical alarm signalling in aquatic predator-prey systems: A review and prospectus

AbstractThe importance of chemical cues in predator-prey interactions has recently received increasing attention from ecologists. The sources of chemicals to which prey species respond often originate as cues released by the predator (reviewed by Kats and Dill, this issue). Alternatively, cues may be released by other prey animals when they detect or are attacked by a predator. Such cues, known as chemical alarm signals, are particularly common in aquatic systems. These signals provide the basis of our current review. Short-term behavioural responses of prey animals to alarm signals have received the most attention. Behavioural responses of prey resemble those exhibited to known predators, and are therefore likely to make receivers less vulnerable to predation. More recently, studies have shown that benefits to alarm signal receivers extend beyond the immediate behavioural response of nearby conspecifics over a few minutes. For example, alarm signals are important in mediating the learning of unknown pred.
Dynamics of infectious diseases according to climate change: the Usutu virus epidemics in Vienna

As an example of the dynamics of infectious diseases in mid-latitudes, so far mainly observed in the subtropics and tropics, we discuss the Usutu virus (USUV) epidemics in Vienna, Austria. The USUV is an arbovirus, which is closely related to the West Nile virus. It caused mass mortalities mainly of blackbirds (Turdus merula). Infections of mammalian hosts or humans are rare. The USUV flavivirus persists in a natural transmission cycle between vectors (mosquitoes) and host reservoirs (birds) and leads – once endemic in a population – to periodic outbreaks. Following the recent work of Rubel et al. (2008) and Brugger and Rubel (2009), we present an epidemic model to explain the USUV dynamics in Austria. Within the model framework the USUV dynamics is mainly determined by an interaction of bird immunity and environmental temperature. We demonstrate that the USUV model is able to simulate the observations from the dead-bird surveillance 2001–2005. To investigate future scenarios, we entered temperature predictions from five global climate models into the USUV model and also considered four different climate-warming scenarios defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC (20 different model-scenario combinations). Long-term simulations cover the period 1901–2100. The results indicate that USUV will persist in the host population after the epidemic peak observed in 2003, but the next major outbreak is expected to occur not before 2019. USUV-specific annual blackbird-mortality time series predict that the outbreak frequency increases successively from the beginning to the end of the century. Additionally, we calculated the annually averaged basic reproduction number for the period 1901–2100. The latter depict that undetected major outbreaks before 2000 were unlikely, whereas it is likely that the USUV becomes endemic after 2040.
JCB_201412099 1..10

The human genome encodes a family of 11 NIMA-related, or Nek, protein kinases (Moniz et al., 2011; Fry et al., 2012). Functional studies indicate that the majority have roles either in cell cycle progression or at the primary cilium (O’Connell et al., 2003; Quarmby and Mahjoub, 2005; O’Regan et al., 2007; Moniz et al., 2011; Fry et al., 2012). For example, Nek2, Nek6, Nek7, and Nek9 contribute to centrosome separation and mitotic spindle assembly; Nek1, Nek8, Nek10, and Nek11 contribute to the DNA damage response; and Nek1, Nek4, and Nek8 contribute to ciliary function. Nek5 remains the least well characterized of this family, with the only studies to date pointing to a role in myogenic differentiation (Tadokoro et al., 2010; Shimizu and Sawasaki, 2013). Here, we demonstrate that Nek5, in common with several other family members, localizes to centrosomes. Moreover, its loss leads to premature centrosome separation, a phenotype that also results from overexpression of Nek2 (Fry et al., 1998b; Faragher and Fry, 2003). During interphase, centrosomes are held together by a proteinaceous linker that is composed of coiled-coil proteins, including C-Nap1, rootletin, Cep68, centlein, and LRRC45 (Fry et al., 1998a; Mayor et al., 2000; Bahe et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2006; Graser et al., 2007; He et al., 2013; Fang et al., 2014). This linker, which extends between and connects the proximal ends of the mother and daughter centrioles, is disassembled in late G2 as a result of phosphorylation of linker proteins by Nek2 (Hardy et al., 2014). This allows centrosomes to separate in prophase and generate a bipolar spindle capable of accurate chromosome segregation (Mardin and Schiebel, 2012). Here, we have explored the functions of Nek5 in regulating centrosome organization. We show that it contributes not only to uncoupling of the centrosome linker but also to the integrity of the pericentriolar material (PCM) and centrosomal microtubule (MT) nucleation. Together, these processes ensure the timely separation of centrosomes in early mitosis.
Characterization of the Stem Cell Fraction in Pancreatobiliary Carcinomas: The Notch Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) are highly lethal malignancies with limited treatment options. Both a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) and the deregulation of the notch pathway have been considered potential sources of tumor formation. In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) was conducted to identify the CSC population and Notch-associated proteins in ECC and PDAC cell lines. Additionally, the treatment effect of Gemcitabine and the specific notch-inhibitor DAPT on ECC and PDAC cell lines was evaluated. Our results show that the amount of SP cells in ECC cell lines is significantly higher than in PDAC cell lines, and that SP-ECC cells show a higher sensitivity to therapy. In conclusion, inhibition of Notch signaling with DAPT may be of therapeutic value in ECC, but seems to show no effect on more aggressive PDAC. As it could be essential for the improvement in outcomes of the ECC patients, other trials are needed to determine the role of further Notch components.
Métodos moleculares para determinar la tasa de acoplamiento de los machos estériles de Ceratitis capitata en programas TIE

La mosca mediterránea de la fruta, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedeman), ha sido considerada por el sector citrícola como el principal problema en la producción de cítricos debido a las pérdidas crecientes de rendimiento particularmente en la Comunidad Valenciana (CV), entre otros motivos por la expansión de variedades extra-tempranas muy sensibles al ataque de este insecto. El problema se magnifica si consideramos las cuantiosas pérdidas derivadas de la imposición de periodos de cuarentena a la exportación de cítricos. El control más efectivo actualmente se basa en el control químico mediante tratamientos cebo con el insecticida organofosforado malatión. Sin embargo el reciente descubrimiento de poblaciones resistentes a este insecticida (Ortego et al. 2005), los efectos negativos que produce sobre enemigos naturales (Urbaneja et al. 2004), y sus efectos sobre la salud humana (Barr y Angerer 2006), unidos a un aumento de la demanda de productos libres de plaguicidas, han potenciado los programas de control integrado que engloba la monitorización de los niveles de población, el trampeo masivo, la quimioesterilización, el control biológico mediante parasitoides y depredadores así como la implementación de la técnica del insecto estéril (TIE) (Castañera 2003, Primo et al. 2003). La técnica del insecto estéril es un método de control de plagas respetuoso con el medio ambiente y con la salud humana. La tecnología se basa en la reducción de la plaga diana por debajo del umbral económico de daño pudiendo llegar a la erradicación, utilizando como agente biológico a la propia especie (lucha autocida). Esta reducción de la población plaga se obtiene al liberar machos esterilizados (en números de 10 a 100 veces la población salvaje) que competirán con los salvajes por acoplarse con las hembras. El acoplamiento efectuado entre un macho estéril y una hembra fértil, dará lugar a una descendencia no viable. Este hecho se debe a que el macho es portador de mutaciones letales en su esperma (inducidas Sabater-Muñoz, Beatriz ● San Andrés, Victoria ● Urbaneja, Alberto ● Castañera, Pedro
YAMASAKI ET AL . The first attempt to amplify the effect of exposure in utero to a carcinogen by postnatal exposure to another

Perinatal exposure to carcinogens may contribute to the determination of susceptibility to cancer in two situations: a) exposure in utero of embryonal or fetal somatic cells to carcinogens, and b) prezygotic exposure of the germ cells of one or both parents to carcinogens. Epidemiological as well as experimental studies demonstrate that exposure to carcinogens in utero increases the occurrence of cancer postnatally. Studies with experimental animals suggest that prezygotic exposure of germ cells to carcinogens can result in an increased incidence of cancer not only in immediate but also in subsequent generations. Although several studies suggest a transgeneration effect of carcinogens in human populations, the evidence cannot yet be considered conclusive. In particular, while some hypotheses can be advanced, the mechanism(s) by which increased susceptibility or predisposition to cancer may be transmitted via the germ cells has not yet been clarified. In conjunction with exposure both in utero and prezygotically, it is important to consider postnatal exposure to possible tumor-promoting agents. Results from experimental animals suggest that oncogenes can be activated transplacentally, and human studies indicate that tumor-suppressor gene inactivation may be involved in the transgenerational effect of carcinogens.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and MLVA analysis of S. Typhimurium strains isolated from human and poultry samples in Tunisia.

INTRODUCTION Salmonella enterica infections are a significant public health concern worldwide, being Salmonella Typhimurium one of the most prevalent serovars. Human salmonellosis is typically associated with the consumption of contaminated foods, such as poultry, eggs and processed meat. The extensive use of antimicrobials in humans and animals has led to an increase in multidrug resistance among Salmonella strains, becoming multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains a major public health concern. METHODOLOGY This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and the genotypic diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated in Tunisia from human and poultry sources from 2009 to 2015. Fortyfive strains were analyzed by disk-diffusion test to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was tested by PCR, and genotyping was performed using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA). RESULTS About 50% of the strains were resistant to at least 3 antibiotics (multidrug-resistant strains, MDR). The most frequent resistance profile in clinical strains was AMP-TIC-TET-MIN-SXT (n = 7) and TET-MIN in poultry origin strains (n = 7). The MLVA typing grouped the strains in 2 main clusters. Cluster I was mostly formed by human isolates, whereas in cluster II both human and poultry isolates were grouped. Simpson's diversity index was 0.870 and 0.989 for antimicrobial resistance profiles and MLVA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Multiresistance is common in Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from human and poultry sources in Tunisia. The genotyping results suggest that some strains isolated from both sources may descend from a common subtype.