Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inevitable failures in geometric arrangement during bone remodeling determine irreversible bone loss: a study by Monte Carlo simulations

Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly being remodeled by the action of osteoclasts (OC) and osteoblasts (OB), which are responsible for bone resorption and formation, respectively. The mechanism through which these cells help the bone tissue remain healthy is still unclear. Great efforts have been made toward the elucidation of bone loss, especially in the case of menopausal women, in order to lessen the effects of osteoporosis. It is known that protein and hormonal alterations may lead to an imbalance in the activities of OC and OB, thereby favoring the onset of bone disease. Other causes that are not associated with this imbalance are currently under investigation. We have carried out computer simulations in order to identify topological arrangements that could result in natural bone loss during the remodeling process. On the basis of a 2D model, which treats the OC and OB cells explicitly, bone remodeling was guided by an OB activation function of the 1 / r 4 type ( r = distance to the site resorbed by OC), whose value determines bone formation when a predefined Activation Threshold (AT) is exceeded. We have verified the existence of a critical AT that can significantly affect bone mass balance, thus producing failures in the geometric arrangement of the trabecula. These failures become inevitable and irreversible with age.
Heterosis and nature of gene action for yield and its components in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.)

Five Egyptian parental genotypes of Faba bean were used for carrying out half diallel design to study heterosis and nature of gene action for earliness, vegetative, yield and yield components traits. Mean squares of genotypes were found to be highly significant for all studied traits. The results showed that the majority of crosses exhibited significant heterosis estimates for better parent for all studied traits. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all studied traits. The results indicated that the magnitude of additive genetic variance (σ 2 A) were positive and lower than those of non additive ( σ 2 D) one for all the studied traits, indicating that non additive gene action played a major role in the inheritance of different traits under study. The broad sense heritability estimates (H 2 b %) were more than their corresponding narrow sense heritability (H 2 n %) for all studied traits. However, estimates of narrow sense heritability were 34.2 and 14.8% for earliness traits and ranged from 15.2 to 29.8% for number of branches per plant and plant height, respectively. Respecting to yield components, the estimates of narrow sense heritability ranged from 8.8 to 70.9% for number of pod per plant and weight of 100 seed (g), respectively. The results showed that the two cultivar, Giza 843 (P 4) and Misr 2 (P1) was good general combiner for earliness, yield and yield components, respectively. The cross (P 1xP 5) showed desirable SCA effects and significant heterosis values for earliness, and yield components. While, the two crosses, (P 1xP 3) and (P 3xP 4) exhibited desirable SCA effects for vegetative traits. These promising crosses could be used for breeding programs to produce pure lines.
A non-lethal sampling method for stable carbon and nitrogen 1 isotope studies of tropical fishes 2 3

12 Despite prior studies showing good agreement between fin and muscle isotope 13 ratios in temperate fishes, the non-lethal method of fin sampling has yet to become a 14 standard technique in isotopic food web studies, and the relationship between the two 15 tissues has never been tested in the tropics. We hypothesized that fin and muscle δC 16 and δN would be strongly correlated in tropical fishes, thus allowing non-lethal 17 sampling of these species. To test this hypothesis, we analysed fin and muscle from 18 174 tropical fishes representing 27 species from the Mitchell River, Queensland, 19 Australia. Fin tissue was a strong predictor of muscle tissue δC (r = 0.89 for all 20 species) and was slightly enriched in C (0.9‰), consistent with studies on temperate 21 species. Fin tissue was a poorer predictor of muscle tissue δN (r = 0.56 for all 22 species) but the mean difference between the tissues was small (<0.1‰). Differences 23 were smallest in the largest fish, possibly because the elemental composition (%N) of 24
Grand Challenges in Understanding the Interplay of Climate and Land Changes

AbstractHalf of Earth’s land surface has been altered by human activities, creating various consequences on the climate and weather systems at local to global scales, which in turn affect a myriad of land surface processes and the adaptation behaviors. This study reviews the status and major knowledge gaps in the interactions of land and atmospheric changes and present 11 grand challenge areas for the scientific research and adaptation community in the coming decade. These land-cover and land-use change (LCLUC)-related areas include 1) impacts on weather and climate, 2) carbon and other biogeochemical cycles, 3) biospheric emissions, 4) the water cycle, 5) agriculture, 6) urbanization, 7) acclimation of biogeochemical processes to climate change, 8) plant migration, 9) land-use projections, 10) model and data uncertainties, and, finally, 11) adaptation strategies. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effects of LCLUC on local to global climate and weather systems, but these putative effects vary greatly.
Applying stochastic programming to insurance portfolios stress-testing

The introduction of the Solvency II regulatory framework in 2011 and unprecendented property and casualty (P/C) claims experienced in recent years by large insurance firms have motivated the adoption of risk-based capital allocation policies in the insurance sector. In this article, we present the key features of a dynamic stochastic program leading to an optimal asset-liability management and capital allocation strategy by a large P/C insurance company and describe how from such formulation a specific, industry-relevant, stress-testing analysis can be derived. Throughout the article the investment manager of the insurance portfolio is regarded as the relevant decision-maker: he faces exogenous constraints determined by the core insurance division and is subject to the capital allocation policy decided by the management, consistently with the company's risk exposure. A novel approach to stress-testing analysis by the insurance management, based on a recursive solution of a large-scale dynamic stochastic program, is presented.
Effects of Non-uniform Pollution on the AC Flashover Performance of Suspension Insulators

The non-uniform distribution of contamination on insulator surface has appreciable effects on flashover voltage, and corresponding researches are valuable for the better selection of outdoor insulation. In this paper, two typical types of porcelain and glass insulators which are widely used in ac lines were taken as the research subjects, and their corrections of AC flashover voltage under nonuniform pollution were studied. Besides, their flashover characteristics under different ratio (T/B) of top to bottom surface salt deposit density (SDD) were investigated, including the analysis of flashover voltage, surface pollution layer conductivity and critical leakage current. Test results gave the modified formulas for predicting flashover voltage of the two samples, which can be directly applied in the transmission line design. Also, the analysis delivered that, the basic reason why the flashover voltage increases with the decrease of T/B, is due to the decrease of equivalent surface conductivity of the whole surface and the decrease of critical leakage current. This research will be of certain value in providing references for outdoor insulation selection, as well as in proposing more information for revealing pollution flashover mechanism.
Knowledge and attitudes of sexuality in the elderly among educators of health care professionals

Many elderly adults have fears and concerns regarding sexuality, including the impact of chronic disease on sexual function. Typically, society has negative attitudes toward elderly sexual expression with misconceptions, negative stereotyping and myths compounding ageist perceptions that the elderly become asexual with age. Thus knowledge of and attitudes toward sexuality in the elderly has become an area of interest over the past several decades. In an attempt to promote sexual expression as a right for the elderly and physiological changes viewed in terms of positive adjustment, White (1982) developed an instrument to determine knowledge of and attitudes towards sexuality of elderly people. The Ageing Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale (ASKAS) is designed to measure the knowledge of and attitudes toward sexuality held by elderly individuals, or any group of people who have an impact upon the sexual expression of elderly people. This current study seeks to determine the knowledge of and attitudes toward sexuality in the elderly among educators of health care professionals. Demographic and experiential variables of respondents (n=360) were compiled to determine their ability to predict knowledge of; attitudes toward; and the knowledge and attitude relationship of sexuality in the elderly. Lecturers in medicine (n=25), nursing (n=109), occupational therapy (n=33), physiotherapy (n=30), psychology (n=93) and social work (n=53) from within Australia, New Zealand and South Africa volunteered as participants. The existence of a weak but significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes of sexuality in the elderly was found. Age was found to be the singular variable predictive of attitude. No differences across country or profession of the respondent were found. A discussion of the implications of the knowledge and attitude relationship is given. Sexuality in the Elderly 3 I certify that this thesis does not, to the best of my knowledge and belief (i) incorporate without acknowledgment any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any institution of higher education; (ii) contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text; or (iii) contain any defamatory material.
SYNTHESIS OF ZNO/CNTS NANOCOMPOSITE THIN FILM AND ITS SENSING

Semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs) with nanostructures as gas sensing material have been widely used in detection of toxic gases and vapours. The gas sensing properties of the SMO-based sensors are highly dependent not only on their surface chemical reactivity and thermal stability but also on the geometrical and compositional variation. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a typical air pollutant that causes environmental problems. The exact detection of ultra-low concentrations of NO2 is becoming very important now days. In order to enhance the sensitivity of carbon nanotube based chemical sensors at room temperature operation, SWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite was prepared under chemical reaction condition. The layer of deposition was applied for the spin coating of the inner and outer SWCNTs walls with thin films of ZnO of precisely controlled thicknesses. Differently treated SWCNTs with different degree of surface functionalization were used as support for the oxide films. The sensing properties of the obtained composite materials towards NO2 were investigated and related to the morphological and microstructural characteristics of both the coating and support. ZnO-based composites on SWCNTs treated at 300 °C show enhanced performance as sensors, making them suitable for practical applications. Sensor structure showed a better sensing response (S ~ 1.51×102) at operating room temperature towards 20 ppm NO2 gas with an average response times of about 2.45 min.
TOAST 1.0: Tropospheric Ozone Attribution of Sources with Tagging for CESM 1.2.2

Abstract. A system for source attribution of tropospheric ozone produced from both NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors is described, along with its implementation in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2. 2 using CAM4. The user can specify an arbitrary number of tag identities for each NOx or VOC species in the model, and the tagging system rewrites the model chemical mechanism and source code to incorporate tagged tracers and reactions representing these tagged species, as well as ozone produced in the stratosphere. If the user supplies emission files for the corresponding tagged tracers, the model will produce tagged ozone tracers which represent the contribution of each of the tag identities to the modelled total tropospheric ozone. Our tagged tracers preserve Ox. The size of the tagged chemical mechanism scales linearly with the number of specified tag identities. Separate simulations are required for NOx and VOC tagging, which avoids the sharing of tag identities between NOx and VOC species. Results are presented and evaluated for both NOx and VOC source attribution. We show that northern hemispheric surface ozone is dominated year-round by anthropogenic emissions of NOx, but that the mix of corresponding VOC precursors changes over the course of the year; anthropogenic VOC emissions contribute significantly to surface ozone in winter–spring, while biogenic VOCs are more important in summer. The system described here can provide important diagnostic information about modelled ozone production, and could be used to construct source–receptor relationships for tropospheric ozone.
Mechanically driven interface propagation in biological tissues

Many biological tissues consist of more than one cell type. We study the dynamics of an interface between two different cell populations as it occurs during the growth of a tumor in a healthy host tissue. Recent work suggests that the rates of cell division and cell death are under mechanical control, characterized by a homeostatic pressure. The difference in the homeostatic pressures of two cell types drives the propagation of the interface, corresponding to the invasion of one cell type into the other. We derive a front propagation equation that takes into account the coupling between cell number balance and tissue mechanics. We show that in addition to pulled fronts, pushed-front solutions occur as a result of convection driven by mechanics.
The Role of Market Orientation in Innovation of Bodybuilding Clubs

Today, market orientation plays a vital role in determining customers’ needs and success of organizations. Market orientation has also influenced various organizations’ measures including innovation. Therefore the aim of this research is to study the role of market orientation in innovation of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan Province. The population of this study comprised all 170 managers of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan province and the sample size was determined based on Cochran formula and stratified random selection method (119 manager). Market orientation questionnaires of Ramayah et al. (2011) and innovation questionnaires of Carmen and Maria Jose (2008) were employed for collection of study data. Smart PLS was used to analyze data and identify the effects of research variables of structural equation modeling. Results revealed that competitor orientation is not effective on innovation of bodybuilding clubs, but the effect of coordination between tasks and customer orientation on innovation of bodybuilding clubs was significant. Concerning the results, it is suggested that the managers of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan province provide more innovation by improving and developing market orientation in their clubs.
As the West Makes Room for The Brics What Are The Implications for Emerging Business Models

Asia's economic power is increasing at a rapid rate, and the region will take on heightened prominence such that it will soon rival the US as the main source of direction for global markets, Reserve Bank of Australia governor Glenn Stevens said today. “It is not just the centre of gravity of economic activity that is shifting to Asia, the weight of financial assets is also shifting too … With the Chinese government seeking annual economic growth of seven per cent, China's weight in the global economy will exceed that of the euro area in five years and approach that of the US within a decade. ” A speech in New York to the American Australian Association. Glynn (2011)
Union Participation in Japan: Do Western Theories Apply?

This study investigates the validity in Japan of union participation models developed in North America. The results of ordinary least squares analysis suggest that members' participation in unions is positively related to many of the same factors in Japan as in North America: for example, length of union membership, pay, dissatisfaction regarding pay and working conditions, degree of interaction with others in the work group, and perceptions of the union's effectiveness and its democratic character. Some findings at odds with those of Western studies, however, are that older workers and better-educated workers are less (rather than more) likely than others to actively participate, and job status is unrelated (rather than positively related) to participation.
The Idea of Europeanness: Perceptions of Erasmus Students in Turkey and The Netherlands

The European Union Erasmus program enables student exchange between higher education institutions in partner countries. This article focuses on Erasmus students’ perspectives regarding Europeanness. Adopting qualitative methods including focus groups and in-depth interviews, the study was conducted in two universities with a comparative approach: Izmir (Turkey) in 2015 and Amsterdam (Netherlands) in 2016. The primary study provided a significant insight into how Erasmus students make sense of Europeanness in Turkey. Moving from this insight, the second study aimed to investigate further the notion of Europeanness in an EU member country. The study reveals that Erasmus students tend to express a strong European consciousness when they meet with the cultural other, whereas they prioritize nationalities in EU boarders. The article discusses that the idea of Europeanness still relies on its constitutive outside(s), whereas benefits of mobility stand out as a more powerful aspect when the other is not apparent within the Erasmus context.
Coral propagation for aquarium specimens.

Coral reefs are being destroyed and degraded by natural and anthropogenic processes. Live corals are becoming increasingly popular as marine aquarium specimens, in both the commercial and private sectors, leading to the degradation of coral reefs. This often has serious economic implications for the fishing, aquarium and tourist industries. It is clear that there is a need for the management and protection of these fragile ecosystems. The artificial propagation of coral is desirable as it will alleviate the demand for wild coral specimens, and will also provide a stock for the rehabilitation of damaged reefs. Although corals are being propagated worldwide by hobbyists, reports on their work are mainly anecdotal and there is little in the scientific literature on the specific requirements for optimal growth rates and survival in suitable coral species. This study thus focused on developing techniques to propagate a range of appropriate coral species and to promote their optimal growth. The results revealed that different morphological groups of scleractinian corals require specialised techniques of fragmentation and attachment to ensure survival. The corals were broken using a hammer and chisel. Attachment techniques varied from the use of superglue (which is widely used in the United States), to thermoplastic glue. The mean mortality using superglue was 73% (n=120, ±0.167), using epoxy, 62% (n=120, ±0.127) and with thermoplastic glue it was 11% (n=120, ±0.108) Superglue was extremely difficult to work with and proved ineffective, especially when :::lttAmntinn tn nh lA I InAVAn ~llrf:::l~A~ r.Art:::lin ~nA~iA~ rlirl nnt ~I JrviVA II~inn thi~ ----···r-···v -. ;;;;1---------" -------------. --r--'---. _-_. ------···v ~ . adhesive due to exposure of the coral to air. The most effective method of rapid attachment was the use of thermoplastic glue that set rapidly underwater. The use of electrolysis to promote the attachment of coral nubbins was tested as an alternative to the various adhesives. This method increased the survival of the nubbins and eliminated exposure to air. It has proven suitable for both coral propagation and in situ reef rehabilitation. Growth experiments revealed that the manipulation of current flow, light and the addition of different feeds had different effects on the growth rates of selected candidate species. A suite of optima was thus developed for each species. The majority of species grew best in a bi-directional current flow, with yeast as feed, under actinic blue light. An experiment that combined the optimal current flow, feed and light conditions, revealed that the majority of species grew best under mixed light with yeast as feed. The trade in corals is sensitive in terms of their handling, transportation and CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) status. Having
Monoclonal antibodies against Aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide identify differences among strains.

Monoclonal ant ibodes (MAbs) dlrected agalnst Aeromonas salmonlcida salmon~cida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were produced and character~zed The specificity of the MAbs ( N = 4) to LPS was determined by examination of western blots of protemase K-treated whole cell preparations of A+ and Astralns, i e stralns with and without a major surface protein layer the A layer The d~fferent MAbs Identified different epitopes on A salnionicida LPS Three of the 4 lMAbs (MAb 1, C, and D) reacted with all but a unique group of A salnlonicida strains tested These MAbs also had binding propert~es that were insensitive to per~odate oxidation of antigen The fourth MAb (MAb 6) reacted l a t h a more l im~ted collection of bactenal isolates and the binding was sensltlve to penodate treatment of antigen These data demonstrated that heterogeneity IS present in the LPS of thls species Lipopolysaccharide from all tested ~sola tes of A salmon~cida salmonicida ( N = 10) and A sa lmomada nlasouc~da (N = 2) reacted with each MAb, while isolates of A salmon~cida achromogenes (N = 6) reacted with MAbs 1, C, and D but not with MAb 6 No patterns of similarity were apparent when unclassified isolates of A salmoilicida were exarnlned
On normaliser preserving lattice isomorphisms between nilpotent groups

Let (G) denote the lattice of all subgroups of a group G. By an -isomorphism (lattice isomorphism) of G onto a group H, we mean an isomorphism of (G) onto (H). By an -isomorphism (normaliser preserving -isomorphism) of G onto H, we mean an -isomorphism ø such that (Aø) = (A)ø for all A ∈ (G). In this paper, we study certain properties of groups which remain invariant under -isomorphisms.