Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
in Russian economy in conditions of limited resources

Investment activity is an important indication of economic development of the country and one of the main criteria of steady economic growth. Investment intensity greatly influences the solution of major macroeconomic tasks: structural adjustment in national economy, formation of favourable economic and financial climate, development of innovative business, development of competitive products, increase of tax base, replenishment of budget revenues, creating more employment, extention of enterprises’ activity, poverty reduction. Enterprises’ investment activity is determined by the role of capital investment in the economic development of the country. Increasing the levels of investment provides the growth of industrial production, improvement of innovative capacity, which will contribute to strenthening the position of the country in the world market. To achieve these objectives, it is crucial to create national sound technology of investment and the system of financial security of the investment process in the Russian Federation. Nowadays the problem of developing the system of financial security of the investment process should become one of the important tasks of government economic policy, which is aimed at achieving steady economic growth and cyclical up-ticks in economy in general. In a globalized world and development of knowledge-based economy, the improvement of investment climate is impossible without establishing an effective system of financial security. Thus, today the development of the system of financial security of the investment process is of considerable social and economic importance for the development of the country. To this end, it is necessary to design a further theoretical framework and to develop methodological and practical guidelines to its effective implementation. In this context, the artcile specifies the basic components of favourable financial and economic climate for the development of the investment process with the modernization of the economy, presents a regression model that helps to evaluate the degree of impact on the index of investment in the fixed capital in the Russian Federation, its principal sources of formation and establishes the dependence of innovative development from gross and national income. According to the authors, it will contribute to the formation of regional segment of the national innovative system.
Detection of Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison of SPIO-enhanced MRI With Dynamic Helical CT

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MRI for the detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with dynamic helical CT. Methods SPIO-enhanced MR and dynamic helical CT images obtained from 41 patients with 52 hypervascular HCCs (5–130 mm; mean, 27 mm) were retrospectively analyzed. MRI were obtained with 1.5 T scanners using T2-weighted and proton density-weighted spin-echo (or fast spin-echo) sequences for all cases and a T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence for 36 cases. Four blinded observers reviewed images independently. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic (AFROC) method. Sensitivities and positive predictive values (PPV) were also evaluated. Results The areas under the AFROC curves for each observer were greater for MR than for CT (means, 0.81 and 0.76; p < 0.05). The mean sensitivities for MR and CT were 0.75 and 0.71, respectively (p = 0.13). The mean PPVs were 0.83 and 0.79 (p = 0.21). Conclusion SPIO-enhanced MRI showed slightly better diagnostic performance than dynamic helical CT for the detection of hypervascular HCCs.
Rusty Hungary: New Insights in Brownfield Research

Abstract Spatial development and planning in Hungary bear the marks of the post-socialist transformation. This is also observed in the handling of brownfields which, in the wake of political changes, increased in large numbers. In recent years a lot has happened, but we still know far too little about these areas. The paper focuses on the assessment of the extent of brownfields, their properties and regeneration in Hungary. The survey was based on collection of existing and accessible data at national and regional level, complemented by two personal databases. The study extends beyond the spatial dimension of brownfield sites. The results also emphasize further contexts of brownfield management that are not easily perceptible.
Linking genes to brain, behavior and neurological diseases: what can we learn from zebrafish?

How our brain is wired and subsequently generates functional output, ranging from sensing and locomotion to emotion, decision‐making and learning and memory, remains poorly understood. Dys‐regulation of these processes can lead to neurodegenerative, as well as neuro‐psychiatric, disorders. Molecular genetic together with behavioral analyses in model organisms identify genes involved in the formation of neuronal circuits, the execution of behavior and mechanisms involved in neuro‐pathogenesis. In this review I will discuss the current progress and future potential for study in a newly established vertebrate model organism for genetics, the zebrafish Danio rerio. Where available, schemes and results of genetic screens will be reviewed concerning the sensory, motor and neuromodulatory monoamine systems. Genetic analyses in zebrafish have the potential to provide important insights into the relationship between genes, neuronal circuits and behavior in normal as well as diseased states.
Time series forecasting with a prior wavelet-based denoising step

We provide an extensive study assessing whether a prior wavelet-based denoising step enhances the forecast accuracy of standard forecasting models. Many combinations of attribute values of the thresholding (denoising) algorithm are explored together with several traditional forecasting models used in economic time series forecasting. The results are evaluated using M3 competition yearly time series. We conclude that the performance of a forecasting model combined with the prior denoising step is generally not recommended, which implies that a straightforward generalisation of some of the results available in the literature (which found the denoising step to be beneficial) is not possible. Even if cross-validation is used to select the value of the threshold, a superior performance of the forecasting model with the prior denoising step does not generally follow.
Size, Value and Business Cycle Variables. The Three-Factor Model and Future Economic Growth: Evidence from an Emerging Market

The paper empirically investigates three different methods to construct factors and identifies some pitfalls that arise in the application of Fama-French’s three-factor model to the Pakistani stock returns. We find that the special features in Pakistan significantly affect size and value factors and also influence the explanatory power of the three-factor model. Additionally, the paper examines the ability of the three factors to predict the future growth of Pakistan’s economy. Using monthly data of both financial and non-financial companies between 2002 and 2016, the article empirically investigates and finds that: (1) size and book-to-market factors exist in the Pakistani stock market, two mimic portfolios SMB and HML generate a return of 9.15% and 12.27% per annum, respectively; (2) adding SMB and HML factors into the model meaningfully increases the explanatory power of the model; and (3) the model’s factors, except for value factor, predict future gross domestic product (GDP) growth of Pakistan and remain robust. Our results are robust across sub-periods, risk regimes, and under three different methods of constructing the factors.
Exploring future models of primary care for Texas

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify best practices for innovative primary care models and to describe a potential future primary care (PC) model for Texas to address the burden of chronic disease in a population-based approach. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted and identified 1,880 published records through PubMed using 26 search terms. After abstract and full-text review, 70 articles remained as potential models. Findings Although there is already a severe shortage of physicians in Texas, emerging practice patterns and choices among physicians are likely to erode access to primary care services in the state. Health-care leaders are encouraged to consider models such as complex adaptive systems for team-based care, pharmacist hypertension care management program and combined nurse-led care management with group visit structure. Research limitations/implications As with any study, this research has its limitations; for example, models that might work in one state, or under a unique state-funded academic medical center, might not be “do-able” in another state within the nuances of a different funding mechanism. Practical implications Results of this research provide a model for implementing IPCM for the state of Texas first and will guide IPCM planning and implementation in other states. Originality/value This study is “land grant-centric” and focused on carrying out the mission of a major, top-tier research university with an emerging college of medicine at an academic medical center.
L’évolution des dépenses de santé au Maroc : une analyse des déterminants démographiques et macro-économiques [The Evolution of the Health Expenditures in Morocco: A Demographics and Macroeconomics Determinants Analysis]

Morocco’s healthcare expenditures regime growth has been in decline since 2010. The average annual growth rate went from 7.9% over the period of 1996 to 2009 to 4.4% in the recent years. The objective of this paper is to identify the demographic and macroeconomic determinants that shape healthcare expenditures behavior in Morocco, and to evaluate their respective contributions to the shift observed in the trajectory of healthcare expenditures growth. On the one hand, results show that the combined demographic factors of population growth and demographic transition account for a 14% growth rate decline in healthcare expenditures. On the other hand, the evaluation of macroeconomic determinants based on econometric modeling, shows that the income elasticity of healthcare expenditures is less than a unit ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. It also yields a positive price semi-elasticity with an estimated value of 0.02, and a 0.01 (-0.01) sensitivity coefficient to the variation of the weight of public (versus private) funding in total healthcare expenditures. Therefore, as of 2010 the contributing factors to the slowing down in healthcare expenditures growth can be presented as follows: 45% is due to declining healthcare relative prices, 20 % is due to a shrinking share of public funding, and 11% is due to a decelerating economic growth. The estimated models’ residual contains the remainder (10%) shares of contributions.
Referential communication in children with ADHD: challenges in the role of a listener.

PURPOSE Successful communication requires that listeners accurately interpret the meaning of speakers' statements. The present work examined whether children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ in their ability to interpret referential statements (i.e., phrases that denote objects or events) from speakers. METHOD Children (6 to 9 years old), diagnosed with ADHD (n = 27) and typically developing (n = 26), took part in an interactive task in which they were asked by an adult speaker to retrieve objects from a display case. Children interpreted the referential statements in contexts that either did or did not require perspective-taking. Children's eye movements and object choices were recorded. Parents completed questionnaires assessing their child's frequency of ADHD symptoms and pragmatic communicative abilities. RESULTS Behavioral and eye movement measures revealed that children with ADHD made more interpretive errors and were less likely to consider target referents across the 2 communicative conditions. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms related to children's performance on the communicative task and to parental report of the child's pragmatic skills. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD are less accurate in their interpretations of referential statements. Such difficulties would lead to greater occurrences of miscommunication.
Requirement for the H Phosphoprotein in Photosystem II of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

To dissect the expression of the psbB gene cluster of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast genome and to assess the role of the photosystem II H-phosphoprotein (PSII-H) in the biogenesis and/or stabilization of PSII, an aadA gene cassette conferring spectinomycin resistance was employed for mutagenesis. Disruption of the gene cluster has no effect on the abundance of transcripts of the upstream psbB/T locus. Likewise, interruption of psbB/T and psbH with a strong transcriptional terminator from the rbcL gene does not influence transcript accumulation. Thus, psbB/T and psbH may be independently transcribed, and the latter gene seems to have its own promoter in C. reinhardtii. In the absence of PSII-H, translation and thylakoid insertion of chloroplast PSII core proteins is unaffected, but PSII proteins do not accumulate. Because the deletion mutant also exhibits PSII deficiency when dark-grown, the effect is unrelated to photoinhibition. Turnover of proteins B and C of PSII and the polypeptides PSII protein A and PSII protein D is faster than in wild-type cells but is much slower than that observed in other PSII-deficient mutants of C. reinhardtii, suggesting a peripheral location of PSII-H in PSII. The role of PSII-H on PSII assembly was examined by sucrose gradient fractionation of pulse-labeled thylakoids; the accumulation of high-molecular-weight forms of PSII is severely impaired in the psbH deletion mutant. Thus, a primary role of PSII-H may be to facilitate PSII assembly/stability through dimerization. PSII-H phosphorylation, which possibly occurs at two sites, may also be germane to its role in regulating PSII structure, stabilization, or activity.
Sickle Red Cell Microrheology and Sickle Blood Rheology

The hallmark of the phenotypic expression of sickle cell disease is the remarkable degree of heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations. They vary latitudinally among patients and longitudinally in the same patient. The pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia centers on the sequence of events that occur between polymerization of deoxy hemoglobin S and increased red cell destruction, vasoocclusion, and end organ damage. Cellular dehydration, changes in sickle red blood cell rheology, adhesion of sickle red cells to vascular endothelium, inflammatory response, and tissue injury are some of the factors that contribute to hemolytic anemia, vasoocclusion, and eventual multiorgan damage. The focus of this review is on the rheology of sickle blood and microrheology of sickle RBC. Determinants of sickle RBC rheology and the factors that modulate its severity are discussed.
The importance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality

Purpose of reviewCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a fundamental component of initial care for the victim of cardiac arrest. In the past few years, increasing quantitative evidence has demonstrated that survival from cardiac arrest is dependent on the quality of delivered CPR. This review will focus on this body of evidence and on a range of practical approaches to improving CPR performance. Recent findingsA number of strategies to improve CPR quality have been evaluated recently, during both prehospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest care. These strategies have included the use of real-time CPR sensing and feedback, the employment of physiologic monitoring such as end-tidal CO2 measurement and the use of metronome prompting. The use of mechanical CPR devices to avoid the challenges of manual CPR performance has also represented a topic of great current interest. Additional approaches have focused on both prearrest training (e.g. high-fidelity simulation education and CPR refreshers) and postarrest training (e.g. debriefing). SummaryA number of strategies have been evaluated to improve CPR performance. While many questions remain surrounding the relative value of each approach, it is likely that combinations of these methods may be useful in a variety of care settings to improve care for cardiac arrest victims.
Validity of Clinical and Ultrasound Variables to Predict the Risk of Cesarean Delivery After Induction of Labor

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a previously described score to predict the risk of cesarean delivery after induction of labor. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter prospective study among women at 36 weeks of gestation or more undergoing induction of labor in the maternity units of Geneva, Switzerland, and Novi Sad, Serbia. Before induction, we calculated the risk score for cesarean delivery including data on maternal height, body mass index, parity, and transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical length. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the score using different cutoffs of calculated risk. RESULTS: Of the 537 women included in the analysis, 92 (17%) had a cesarean delivery. Among the variables tested, only the transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical length was associated with the risk of cesarean delivery (P<.001). Using the different cutoffs of calculated risk of cesarean delivery (20%, 30%, and 40%), we calculated the sensitivity (69.6%, 54.3%, and 45.7%, respectively), specificity (42.0%, 58.2%, and 69.2%, respectively), and positive predictive value (19.9%, 21.0%, and 23.5%, respectively) of the risk score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.59. There was a poor association between the outcome of labor induction (vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery) and the predicted risk. CONCLUSION: The evaluated score was not useful to predict the outcome of women undergoing labor induction. Our results show the necessity of validating existing scores in different settings and patient populations before widespread implementation in clinical care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Adenosine receptor agonists: from basic medicinal chemistry to clinical development

Adenosine is a physiological nucleoside which acts as an autocoid and activates G protein-coupled membrane receptors, designated A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Adenosine plays an important role in many (patho)physiological conditions in the CNS as well as in peripheral organs and tissues. Adenosine receptors are present on virtually every cell. However, receptor subtype distribution and densities vary greatly. Adenosine itself is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia and arrhythmias and as a vasodilatatory agent in cardiac imaging. During the past 20 years, a number of selective agonists for A1, A2A and A3 adenosine receptors have been developed, all of them structurally derived from adenosine. Several such compounds are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (A1 and A2A), pain (A1), wound healing (A2A), diabetic foot ulcers (A2A), colorectal cancer (A3) and rheumatoid arthritis (A3). Clinical evaluation of some A1 and A2A adenosine receptor agonists has been discontinued. Major problems include side effects due to the wide distribution of adenosine receptors; low brain penetration, which is important for the targeting of CNS diseases; short half-lifes of compounds; or a lack of effects, in some cases perhaps due to receptor desensitisation or to low receptor density in the targeted tissue. Partial agonists, inhibitors of adenosine metabolism (adenosine kinase and deaminase inhibitors) or allosteric activators of adenosine receptors may be advantageous for certain indications, as they may exhibit fewer side effects.
Modulation of Audiogenic Seizures by Histamine and Adenosine Receptors in the Inferior Colliculus

Susceptibility to behaviorally similar audiogenic seizures (AGS) occurs genetically and is inducible during ethanol withdrawal (ETX). Comparisons between AGS mechanisms of genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-9s) and ethanol-withdrawn rats (ETX-Rs) are yielding information about general pathophysiological mechanisms of epileptogenesis. The inferior colliculus (IC) is the AGS initiation site. Excitatory amino acid (EAA) abnormalities in the IC are implicated in AGS, and histamine and adenosine receptor activation each reduce EAA release and inhibit several seizure types. Previous studies indicate that focal infusion of an adenosine receptor agonist into the IC blocked AGS in GEPR-9s, but the effects of adenosine receptor activation in the IC on AGS in ETX-Rs are unknown. The effects of histamine receptor activation on either form of AGS are also unexamined. The present study evaluated effects of histamine or a nonselective adenosine A(1) agonist, 2-chloroadenosine, on AGS by focal microinjection into the IC. Ethanol dependence and AGS susceptibility were induced in normal rats by intragastric ethanol. Histamine (40 or 60 nmol/side) significantly reduced AGS in GEPR-9s, but histamine in doses up to 120 nmol/side did not affect AGS in ETX-Rs. 2-Chloroadenosine (5 or 10 nmol/side) did not affect AGS in ETX-Rs, despite the effectiveness of lower doses of this agent in GEPR-9s reported previously. Thus, histamine and adenosine receptors in the IC modulate AGS of GEPR-9s, but do not modulate ETX-induced AGS. The reasons for this difference may involve the chronicity of AGS susceptibility in GEPR-9s, which may lead to more extensive neuromodulation as compensatory mechanisms to limit the seizures compared to the acute AGS of ETX-Rs.
Reduce impact of false detection of adversary states on the secure cooperative network

This paper investigates the problem of power allocation, in the presence of a malicious adversary. For this scenario, we consider a source, a destination and full-duplex (FD) relay, that receives private messages and transmits jamming signals on the same time and frequency band. In this system model, we assume the adversary can jam legitimate link or eavesdrop the private message, and benefit from maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique. Since the global channel state information (CSI) is available for adversary, it can choose between eavesdropping or jamming modes, such that the final achievable rate in the legitimate destination is minimized. As in practice, the adversary hides its mode from legitimate source, adversary's mode detection is so challenging. To tackle this issue, we propose an approach that decreases destructive effects of adversary's mode false detection on secrecy rate. Simulation results show, when adversary is passive, adversary's mode false detection decreases secrecy rate 51% and when it is active, false detection decreases secrecy rate 92%, while if is benefited from proposed approach, secrecy rate decreases 10% and 66%, respectively.