Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micro- and macro-scale investigation of fractionation and matrix effects in LA-ICP-MS at 1064 nm and 266 nm on glassy materials.

Fundamental processes taking place in UV and IR laser ablation and their significance for LA-ICP-MS measurements were investigated with synthetic glassy materials. LA-ICP-MS experiments were conducted on several vitreous and crystallized matrices with different composition using two Nd∶YAG laser ablation systems operating at 1064 nm and 266 nm. Macro-scale effects of the laser factors and matrix properties were evaluated with ICP-MS detection. In-situ investigation of the laser ablation process was carried out at the micro-scale to assess physical and chemical transformations of the original material, based on electron probe microanalysis of ablation products collected on filters and laser impacts. Fragments and beads in the 1–10 µm range enriched in refractory elements (Ca, Al) were characteristic of IR laser ablation, whereas sub-microscopic particles with similar composition to the original matrix were found for UV laser ablation. LA-ICP-MS response factors for matrix and minor elements appeared to be dependent on both the chemical composition and structure of the matrix (up to 30% and 60% for the UV and IR laser, respectively) and were also different for the two lasers by a factor 10. The use of La, a refractory matrix element, as an internal standard could compensate for differences in the ablation yield and thus limit matrix effects. However, fractionation effects were observed for the IR laser and also, to a lesser extent, with the UV one for volatile elements (e.g., Pb, As, B, Cs). Elemental fractionation effects were correlated with the oxide melting point of the elements as the LA-ICP-MS response factors for the IR laser normalized by the UV ones showed a linear relation with this parameter. At the micro-scale, the samples underwent physical and chemical differentiation that could be explained in terms of fusion, vaporization and fragmentation, resulting in the recombination of the analytes in the ablation products.
Reference values and cultivar-induced differences in the evaluation of apple flower analysis

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the possible use of flower analyses in assessing the nutritional status of apple orchards at the initiation of vegetation. In successive years, samples were taken from 150 orchards at the initiation of bloom for flowers and at seven different time points covering the timeframe between 14 and 98 days after full-bloom for leaves. When the flower nutrient contents were ordered from lowest to highest, the lower and upper percentage quartile was accepted as the reference value for each nutrient and as the cutoff for nutrient deficiency or excess. Reference values were 3.33–3.98% N, 0.46–0.54% P, 2.10–2.47% K, 0.39–0.51% Ca, 0.25–0.31% Mg, 67–110 ppm Fe, 35–65 ppm Cu, 20–31 ppm Mn, 37–50 ppm Zn and 55–79 ppm B. Correlations between nutrient contents of the flowers and leaves sampled at all time points were also investigated. The presence of significant correlations showed that flower analysis can be used to determine the nutritional status of apples. Positive outcomes were observed for P, Mg, Mn and B. In addition, cultivar-induced differences were also observed in flower for Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and B.
Caries risk assessment of a sample of children attending preventive specialized dental center in Al Resafa, Baghdad

Background: Young children’s oral health maintenance and outcomes are influenced by their parent’s knowledge and beliefs, which affect oral hygiene and healthy eating habits. This study aims at assessing caries risk in children aged 6 months to 6 years attending the Specialized Center of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry Center at Al-Resafa sector in Baghdad. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 May – 15 June 2018, all children attended the center (80 children) were assessed by using the standard caries risk assessment tool of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). Results: The highest percentage of children was as follows: no fluoride exposure 44(55%), did not brush 46(57.5%), had no special health care needs 77(96.25%), had no missed teeth due to caries 51(63.75%), had no-visible plaque 52(65%), frequent or prolonged between-meal exposure/day 55(68.75%), their mothers had carious lesions in last 7-23 months 34(42.5%); in visual caries: had carious lesions or restorations in last 24 months 67(83.75%), while the incipient carious lesions in last 24 months were 50(62.50%). Most of risk assessment score for the participants was moderate 57(71.3%), followed by low risk 16(20%), while the participants with high risk were 7(8.8%), with a statistically significant association between the risk assessment score and fluoride exposure (p=0.043), sugary foods or drinks(p=0.038), caries experience of the mothers (p=0.001), brushing (p=0.020) visual caries (p=0.000), incipient caries (p= 0.000), missing teeth due to caries (p= 0.001), but no statistical significance with special health care needs (p=0.533) and visible plaque (p=0.259). Conclusion: Moderate-risk of developing dental caries was predominant among the participants, followed by low-risk and less high-risk categories.
Information-making-related information needs and the credibility of information

Introduction. Even if trust in the process of how information is made has been acknowledged as a key aspect of the credibility of information, there is little earlier research on how and if people use or want information on information making when doing credibility assessments. Method. Swedish archaeology administrators were interviewed (n=10). Analysis. Interview transcripts were analysed using close reading and an approach based on the constant comparative method. Information needs relating to work processes, methods and technologies, context and situation and non-needs (i.e. lack of need) of information on information making were identified similarly to two types of reputational and four types of non-reputational cues of how information was made. Results. Experienced information needs about information making and preferences for reputational and non-reputational cues in credibility assessments were related to individuals’ epistemic distance to the context where information making took place, and if the interviewees positioned themselves as insiders or outsiders in that particular context. Conclusion. To understand the dynamics and interaction of credibility criteria, it can be useful to look at how and what they are used to justify and what are people’s underpinning epistemic beliefs, instead of merely pointing to the differences in beliefs and enumerating situation-specific credibility criteria. People’s flexibility in switching between reputational and non-reputational cues, and positioning themselves as insiders and outsiders, could be seen as an opportunity rather than as a sign of their inferior informational competences.
Genetic counselling for infertile men of known and unknown etiology

Of the couples trying to conceive (had frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse for a year or longer) 15% will experience infertility with the annual incidence of infertility estimated at 1.2 couples per 1,000 total in the general population. Male factors contribute to over 50% of the cases with 7% of the male population experiencing infertility. Not being able to conceive a child is emotionally traumatic and frustrating and can affect the person’s self esteem and the couple’s relationship. Major progress has been achieved in identifying the etiology of male infertility and especially the genetic causes. However, in about 40% of the male infertility cases, the etiology remains unknown and both the diagnosis and/or treatment are a challenge. Genetic testing to determine the underlying genetic cause of infertility is not 100% and genes involved are still being discovered. Consequently, negative genetic test results do not rule out a genetic cause. Thus, genetic counselling should include information regarding the genetic etiology, if known, and the treatment options available. Furthermore, when the infertile couple/male is seeking assisted reproductive technology (ART) using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), genetic counselling should include information regarding the risk of transmitting the genetic disorder, causing the male infertility, to the offspring. Therefore, the provision of genetic counselling is an integral component in the investigation and treatment of male infertility. This article will discuss the genetic counselling approach in cases with male infertility.
Common Trade Exposure and Business Cycle Comovement

A large empirical literature has shown that countries that trade more with each other have more correlated business cycles. We show that previous estimates of this relationship are biased upward because they ignore common trade exposure to other countries. When we account for common trade exposure to foreign business cycles, we find that (1) the effect of bilateral trade on business cycle comovement falls by roughly 25 percent and (2) common exposure is a significant driver of business cycle comovement. A standard international real business cycle model is qualitatively consistent with these facts but fails to reproduce their magnitudes. Past studies have used models that allow for productivity shock transmission through trade to strengthen the relationship between trade and comovement. We find that productivity shock transmission increases business cycle comovement largely because of a country-pair's common trade exposure to other countries rather than because of bilateral trade. When we allow for stronger transmission between small open economies than other country-pairs, comovement increases both from bilateral trade and common exposure, similar to the data.
Two-Year Clinical Outcomes of Biodegradable Polymer vs. Durable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis

Background: There are limited data comparing clinical outcomes between biodegradable polymer and durable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES and DP-DES, respectively) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods and Results: This study enrolled 229 ESRD patients who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for 400 lesions with 472 DES, with 2-year clinical outcomes compared between the BP-DES and DP-DES groups. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of target lesion revascularization (TLR), whereas secondary outcome measures were the occurrence of cardiac death (CD), myocardial infraction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), target vessel revascularization (TVR), non-TVR, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of CD, MI, and TVR. Multivariate analysis was used to identify predictors of TLR occurrence. The 2-year incidence of TLR did not differ significantly between the BP-DES and DP-DES groups (P=0.274). In addition, there were no significant differences in the 2-year incidence of CD (P=0.144), MI (P=0.812), ST (P=0.241), TVR (P=0.434), non-TVR (P=0.375), or MACE (P=0.841) between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes (P=0.021) was independently associated with TLR occurrence. Conclusions: BP-DES and DP-DES had comparable safety and efficacy profiles over a 2-year follow-up period after PCI in ESRD patients.
TERMINOLOGY OF THE PROBLEM QUAESTIONS OF INTERNET MEDIA INFLUENCE ON USER BEHAVIOR

A review of the work related to the study of the problem of Internet addiction, allows us to draw conclusions about the selective and partial nature of research, which is associated with the multidirectional activity of researchers. One of the contradictions that arise in this regard is the inconsistency of terminology associated with the complexity of the study of the problem and the classification of behavioral problems associated with the uncontrolled use of Internet resources
Determination of Deep Learning Model and Optimum Length of Training Data in the River with Large Fluctuations in Flow Rates

Recently, developing countries have steadily been pushing for the construction of stream-oriented smart cities, breaking away from the existing old-town-centered development in the past. Due to the accelerating effects of climate change along with such urbanization, it is imperative for urban rivers to establish a flood warning system that can predict the amount of high flow rates of accuracy in engineering, compared to using the existing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for disaster prevention. In this study, in the case of streams where missing data existed or only small observations were obtained, the variation in flow rates could be predicted with only the appropriate deep learning models, using only limited time series flow data. In addition, the selected deep learning model allowed the minimum number of input learning data to be determined. In this study, the time series flow rates were predicted by applying the deep learning models to the Han River, which is a highly urbanized stream that flows through the capital of Korea, Seoul and has a large seasonal variation in the flow rate. The deep learning models used are Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Sequence lengths for time series runoff data were determined first to assess the accuracy and applicability of the deep learning models. By analyzing the forecast results of the outflow data of the Han River, sequence length for 14 days was appropriate in terms of the predicted accuracy of the model. In addition, the GRU model is effective for deep learning models that use time series data of the region with large fluctuations in flow rates, such as the Han River. Furthermore, through this study, it was possible to propose the minimum number of training data that could provide flood warning system with an effective flood forecasting system although the number of input data such as flow rates secured in new towns developed around rivers was insufficient.
EU GOSTEI DESSES MOMENTOS COM A MINHA PESQUISADORA

A presente reflexao e parte de um trabalho maior, no nivel de doutoramento da primeira autora, realizado no Programa de Pos Graduacao em Educacao da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Este estudo visa discutir a producao de conhecimento decolonial a partir da perspectiva teorica e pratica de mulheres racializadas. Percebemos que essas mulheres desafiam a ciencia moderna ocidental, a partir do momento em que elas se tornam protagonistas da sua propria historia, rompendo com a visao que as inserem como objetos de estudo e nao como sujeitos capazes de produzir conhecimento. Por fim, ressaltamos a importância da producao de conhecimento decolonial afrodiasporico, pois ele permite repensar e romper com as estruturas que dao continuidade a colonialidade do ser, saber e do poder.
An analytical model for organic‐based thin‐film transistors

A model describing the current‐voltage characteristics of organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is presented. The model is based on the trap distribution deduced from temperature‐dependent current‐voltage measurements on Au/alpha‐sexithienyl (α6T)/Au symmetrical structures, which comprises a dominant single shallow trap level located near the valence‐band edge. Numerical and approximate analytical derivations of the saturation current density as a function of the gate voltage have been made. From these calculations, the dependence of the threshold voltage on the parameters of the trap level (density and energy) is deduced. It appears that the threshold voltage corresponds to the filling of traps, and is a surface equivalent of the trap‐filled limit voltage in bulk space‐charge‐limited current. The model is in good agreement with experimental data on α6T TFTs. The energy of the trap level compares well with that obtained from the temperature‐dependent conductivity. However, the mobility is much lower in the.
Oral health diseases among the older people: a general health perspective

Background: The relationship between oral health and general health is gaining interest in geriatric research; however, a lack of studies dealing with this issue from a general perspective makes it somewhat inaccessible to non-clinical public health professionals. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between oral health and general health of the elderly on the basis of literature review, and to give non-clinical medical professionals and public health professionals an overview of this discipline. Methods: This study was based on an in-depth review of the literature pertaining to the relationship between oral health and general health among the older people. The tools commonly used to evaluate dental health and the academic researches of male elderly people were also reviewed. And future research directions were summarized. Results: Dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism, and xerostomia are common oral diseases among the older people. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the leading causes of missing teeth and edentulism. Xerostomia, similar to dry mouth, is another common oral health disease in the older people. No clear correlation exists between the subjective feeling of dryness and an objective decrease of saliva. Rather, both conditions can be explained by changes in saliva. The General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Proﬁle (OHIP) are the main assessment tools used to examine oral health and quality of life in the older people. The GOHAI tends to be more sensitive to objective values pertaining to oral function. In addition, oral health studies in male elderly people are population-based cohort or cross-sectional studies, involving masticatory function, oral prevention, frailty problems, cardiovascular disease risk, and cognitive status. Conclusion: It is possible to reduce the incidence of certain oral diseases, even among individuals who take oral health care seriously. Oral health care should be based on the viewpoint of comprehensive treatment, including adequate nutrition, good life and psychology, and correct oral health care methods. In the future, researchers could combine the results of meta-analysis with the clinical experience of doctors to provide a more in-depth and broader discussion on oral health research topics concerning the older people.
Global adaptation complicates the interpretation of genome scans for local adaptation

Spatially varying selection promotes variance in allele frequencies, increasing genetic differentiation between the demes of a metapopulation. For that reason, outliers in the genome‐wide distribution of summary statistics measuring genetic differentiation, such as FST, are often interpreted as evidence for alleles that contribute to local adaptation. However, theoretical studies have shown that in spatially structured populations the spread of beneficial mutations with spatially uniform fitness effects can also induce transient genetic differentiation. In recent years, numerous empirical studies have suggested that such species‐wide, or global, adaptation makes a substantial contribution to molecular evolution. In this perspective, we discuss how commonly such global adaptation may influence the genome‐wide distribution of FST and generate genetic differentiation patterns, which could be mistaken for local adaptation. To illustrate this, we use forward‐in‐time population genetic simulations assuming parameters for the rate and strength of beneficial mutations consistent with estimates from natural populations. We demonstrate that the spread of globally beneficial mutations in parapatric populations may frequently generate FST outliers, which could be misinterpreted as evidence for local adaptation. The spread of beneficial mutations causes selective sweeps at flanking sites, so in some cases, the effects of global versus local adaptation may be distinguished by examining patterns of nucleotide diversity within and between populations in addition to FST. However, when local adaptation has been only recently established, it may be much more difficult to distinguish from global adaptation, due to less accumulation of linkage disequilibrium at flanking sites. Through our discussion, we conclude that a large fraction of FST outliers that are presumed to arise from local adaptation may instead be due to global adaptation.
“Too Much Debt Will Kill You”: Although Not in Central Europe, Yet

We take an evidence-based approach and confirm that a high level of household debt is detrimental to consumption, disposable income, and hence economic growth in the medium term Using a panel setting with both fixed and time effects, we isolate the effect of an excessive household debt level and show that an additional one percentage point could be associated with a 0 1% drag on GDP growth over the next three years Although we confirm this relationship on a panel of advanced economies, we show that emerging economies such as Central and Eastern European economies, possess structural characteristics (a shallow capital market, less finance and more social cohesion) that so far prevents such a demand constraint from materializing
Diseño y construcción de un equipo estimulador de campo eléctrico tipo capacitivo para estimulación celular

RESUMENLa búsqueda de alternativas para tratamientos al cáncer que puedan ser de bajo costo, menos invasivos y con menores efectos secundarios, sigue siendo un tema de continuo interés. El estudio de un sistema combinado de campos eléctricos de bajo voltaje con nanomateriales, estos últimos actuando como nanovectores, en el tratamiento de cáncer ha mostrado resultados prometedores. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño, simulación y construcción de un equipo estimulador eléctrico tipo capacitivo de bajo voltaje para estimular células tipo fibrobastos normales y tipo melanoma combinadas con nanopartículas de oro. El equipo permite variación en voltaje, frecuencia, intensidad de corriente, forma de onda y ciclo de dureza. El diseño fue realizado en la plataforma Arduino Due, llevado a Eagle para el desarrollo PCB y con visualización en pantalla LCD. El generador construido es finalmente conectado a un par de placas paralelas encargadas del campo eléctrico que será inducido. De las variables entregadas por el equipo se encontraron exactitudes inferiores al 1,5% lo que garantiza el cumplimiento técnico del equipo en las variables necesarias.
Adaptive predictive control of a novel shape memory alloy rod actuator

Shape memory alloys are among the highly applicable smart materials that have recently appealed to scientists from various fields of study. In this article, a novel shape memory alloy actuator, in the form of a rod, is introduced, and an adaptive model predictive control system is designed for position control of the developed actuator. The need for such an advanced control system emanates from the fact that modeling and controlling of shape memory alloy actuators are thwarted by their hysteresis nonlinearity, dilatory response, and high dependence on environmental conditions. Real-time identification and dynamic parameter estimation of the model are addressed according to orthogonal Laguerre functions and recursive least square algorithm. In the end, the designed control system is implemented on the experimental setup of the fabricated shape memory alloy actuator. It is observed that the designed control system successfully tracks the variable step and sinusoidal control references with startling accuracy of ±1 μm.
Isolation, separation and characterisation of the fullerenes C60 and C70 : the third form of carbon

Pure samples of the species C60(Buckminsterfullerene) and C70(fullerene-70) have been prepared, and their structures characterised by their mass and 13C NMR spectra; the results indicate the existence of a family of stable fullerenes, thus confirming that carbon possesses a third form in addition to diamond and graphite.