Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of Value Added Chicken Meat Mince Incorporated Cookies and Their Cost Economics - Benefit Ratio

In the present study, chicken (broiler) meat mince was used as protein sources. Incorporation of chicken meat mince at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 per cent level were tried besides other ingredients which were added in control. Chicken cookies incorporated with 10 per cent CMM were preferred the most on the basis of their sensory evaluation. As the chicken incorporated cookies have not been reported in India and abroad. Majority of cookies available in market are prepared from cereal (refined wheat flour), which has very low protein content and lack lysine, threonine and tryptophan essential amino acids. The cookies thus developed can contribute good amount of nutrients especially protein if consumed in place of cereal (refined wheat flour) cookies. The developed products can be used for feeding programmes at institutes and school going children and elderly people, who are more prone to malnutrition particularly due to protein with essential amino acids deficiency. Chicken meat is also rich in threonine, tryptophan and lysine. Thus development of chicken incorporated biscuits and cookies using chicken meat and wheat flour would provide a nutritious, convenient and ready to eat food item. With an aim to develop biscuits and cookies by incorporating the chicken meat, the present study was planned It was concluded that the cookies with 10 per cent chicken meat mince and wheat flour would provide a nutritious with sufficient amount of essential amino acids (lysine, tryptophan and threonine), convenient and ready to eat food item. The cost of production of cookies with 10 per cent CMM worked out to be Rs. 77.60 per kg.
Effect of Tween 80 on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with dilute ammonia

Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of carbohydrate polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin which are not readily available in their native form. Previous research have indicated that Tween 80 in combination with ammonium hydroxide gave the best performance based on its effect on cellulose digestibility (66%) and ethanol yield (18 g/100 g dry biomass) as compared to Tween 20, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000. In this study, the effect of different levels of ammonium hydroxide and Tween 80 were evaluated during the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. Biomass pretreatment was carried out by mixing sugarcane bagasse, ammonium hydroxide (28% v/v solution), and water at a ratio of 1:0.5:20 and 1:0.2:20, respectively, supplemented with 3% or 5% (w/w) Tween 80 (based on the weight of dry biomass) and the mixture heated to 160°C for 1 h. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compositions were determined before and after pretreatment. Fibers were hydrolyzed using Spezyme CP (30 FPU/g glucan) and Novozyme 188 (30 CBU/g glucan). Fermentable sugars, organic acids, hydroxy-methyl-furfural and furfurals were analyzed by HPLC. The most lignin removal (37%), cellulose digestibility (65%) and hemicellulose digestibility (43%) were observed at 1:0.5:20 supplemented with 3% (w/w) Tween 80.
An ecophysiological approach to modelling resource fluxes in competing plants

sidering a plant growing in isolation and its response to manipulation of light, CO 2 and N supplies. Secondly, (iv) analyse the extent to which a plant can perceive the competitive plants are introduced and the direct presence of neighbouring plants by signals other than the effects on plant responses in terms of resource deple- quantitative depletion of physical resources; and (v) intetion are considered separately from indirect effects grate resource eVects with non-resource eVects in a more such as potential changes in the quality of resources comprehensive model at the level of the plant stand. Such available (e.g. light quality or soil N sources). In the an ecophysiological approach deals with both intrapast, many studies of plant competition have not specific and inter-specific competition. In developing a established the importance of these indirect effects conceptual model there is no reason to think that changing because they have not established all the processes the neighbouring species should change anything in the involved in competition. This model can be used to model, if the intrinsic capacities of the given species in interpret responses of whole plants to their neighbours modifying the physical resources quantitatively and qualin terms of the relative importance of both the direct itatively are properly described and accounted for at the and indirect effects of competition. scale of the individual plant. The first section of this paper describes a mechanistic,
Emergencia, supervivencia y establecimiento de plántulas de Gleditsia triacanthos y Bauhinia forficata en claros y sotobosques del parque Villarino, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina

Varias especies de arboles exoticos son mencionadas como subespontaneas en la region pampeana. Gleditsia triacanthos se instala ocasionalmente con exito en pastizales. El Parque Villarino ha sido invadido por varias especies lenosas. Extranamente, G. triacanthos no coloniza sectores del Parque pese a la presencia de algunos adultos. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la emergencia, supervivencia y establecimiento de plantulas de dos especies lenosas de diferente capacidad de invasion (Bauhinia forficata y G. triacanthos) en dos habitats contrastantes (claros y sotobosques). Se postulo que el efecto de los claros sobre la emergencia, supervivencia y establecimiento de plantulas seria mayor para G. triacanthos que para B. forficata. Se seleccionaron 10 parcelas de 9 m2 en un sector del Parque invadido por lenosas. En 5 parcelas, escogidas al azar, se cortaron las lenosas (claros) y en las otras no se modifico la vegetacion (sotobosques). En cada parcela se establecieron 64 subparcelas y en la mitad de ellas, seleccionadas al azar, se sembro G. triacanthos y en la otra mitad B. forficata. A lo largo de 60 dias desde la siembra se registro la emergencia, la supervivencia y el establecimiento de plantulas en cada parcela. Los datos se analizaron usando un diseno experimental de parcelas divididas. El efecto habitat no influyo sobre la emergencia de las especies, ni sobre la supervivencia de B. forficata, pero si sobre la supervivencia de G. triacanthos por lo que el establecimiento de plantulas de esta fue mayor en los claros que en los sotobosques, donde fue nulo. Estos resultados sugirieron que los disturbios producidos por la caida de arboles pequenos no facilitarian la invasion de G. triacanthos.
Research Article Open Access Production of Poly (3-hydroxybutyrates) by Bacillus species isolated form Soil

Aliphatic polyester, PHB (poly3-hydroxybutyrate) was discovered and identified as a granular component in bacterial cells. PHB can grow in a wide variety of natural environments and is the reserve polymer (intracellular granules) found in many types of bacteria found in nature, e.g. in soil, sea water, sewage sludge or compost. In the present study, Bacillus megaterium and soil isolates were used to study the production of PHB granules under varied conditions of nutrients and cultural characteristics. The reference organism produced 83.78% of PHB when cultured for 24hrs. The effect of light and dark phases on growth was studied and it was evidenced that the light phase reported maximum growth of bacterium at a pH 6.0. The influence of nutrient sources on growth resulted in enhanced the growth of B. megaterium when supplemented with 4ml of 5% glucose. Further, screening of soil resulted in a Gram negative and positive bacillus capable of storing nearly 75.22 and 79.59% PHB when compared to B. megaterium (83.78%). Finally, from the work it can be emphasized that the efficient way of producing PHB was found to be pH 6.0 and exposing the medium to continuous light phase. However, supplemental addition of nutritional sources implicates that the addition of glucose enhances PHB production than the nitrogen or phosphate sources.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Listeria monocytogene s.

Fourteen bacteriocin-producing strains from the genera Lactobacillus , Leuconostoc , Pediococcus , and Lactococcus were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of eight strains of Listeria monocytogenes . Seven strains of lactic acid bacteria were antagonistic toward L. monocytogenes by deferred antagonism testing on agar. Cell-free supernatants from cultures of three of the seven bacteriocin-producing strains which inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes in deferred antagonism testing also inhibited growth in well diffusion assays. The eight strains of L. monocytogenes were identical in their sensitivity or resistance to bacteriocins. The action of the bacteriocins was eliminated by proteolytic enzymes.
Collaboration of pediatrician and child psychiatrist in early identification of autism spectrum disorders

Identifikace symptomů atypického vývoje dítěte prostřednictvím screeningu a diagnostika poruch autistického spektra se posunuje do stále časnějšího věku. Pediatři se stávají klíčovými osobami pro časnou identifikaci příznaků poruch autistického spektra, pro zajištění diagnostického procesu a nasměrování k výchovným a vzdělávacím intervencím v co možná nejranějším věku dítěte. Zprostředkování kvalitních informací založených na důkazech o problematice poruch autistického spektra široké lékařské obci, zejména dětským lékařům, je aktuálním úkolem odborníků se znalostí diagnostiky a práce s osobami s poruchami autistického spektra. Tento článek je příspěvkem ke zlepšení identifikace časných příznaků, screeningu a časné diagnostiky poruch autistického spektra. Klíčová slova: poruchy autistického spektra, screening, časná diagnostika, pedopsychologické vyšetření.
ANDEAN WATERMILFOIL, MYRIOPHYLLUM QUITENSE (HALORAGACEAE), IN THE SAINT JOHN RIVER ESTUARY SYSTEM, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA

The diversity of the aquatic flora of the Saint John River estuary system in New Brunswick, Canada has received little attention, in spite of the regionally unique nature of this estuarine habitat (Clayden 2000; Fassett 1928). On the basis of systematic aquatic macrophyte surveys carried out in 2004 and 2005, we show Andean Watermilfoil, Myriophyllum quitense Kunth, to be widespread and well established in the Saint John River estuary system. Moody (2004) has noted that M. quitense populations in North America are rare and poorly studied. The species is common in South America, with a range that extends along the Andes of Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego, with populations also known from Uruguay, eastern Argentina, and the Falkland Islands (Orchard 1981; Ritter and Crow 1998). At least one disjunct population has been reported from Mexico, while in North America M. quitense has been
CONTROL OF SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION BY O-ISLANDS AND S- LOOPS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enteric pathogen that can cause severe gastrointestinal disease, sometimes leading to hospitalization and death. These bacteria have a variety of virulence factors that can be encoded for on pathogenicity islands (PAIs). The goal of this study was to characterize specific E. coli O157:H7 PAI deletion mutants using three methods: Phentotype Microarrays (PM), growth curves and survival curves were used to elucidate possible roles for the PAIs. Results from the PM study suggest that PAIs have a role in carbon substrate utilization; i.e., four of the O-island (OI) deletion mutants (OI-87, 98, 102 and 172) and an S-Loop (SL-72) deletion mutant exhibited differences in substrate utilization (gains and losses in utilization) compared to parental O157:H7 strains EDL933 (OI) and Sakai (SL), respectively. All of the mutants with the exception of the OI-135 mutant exhibited differences in level of substrate utilization for substrates shown to have important roles in the bacterium. Cell growth results showed that three OI deletion mutants (OI-55, 87 and 102) and the SL (SL-72) mutant exhibited a difference in rate of growth compared to the parental strains. Cell viability results showed that seven of the OI deletion mutants (OI-51, 55, 98, 108, 135, 172 and 176) exhibited different rates of decline in cell number when transferred to sterile water compared to the parental strain. The results show that removal of PAIs from E. coli O157:H7 can affect carbon utilization, growth and survival demonstrating the importance of PAIs in the ecology of these bacteria.
A Comparison of Stopover Behaviour of Two Subspecies of the Bluethroat Luscinia svecica in Northern Iberia During the Autumn Migration Period

Summary. Iberia offers one of the last opportunities four migrants to refuel before crossing the Sahara. It is also a destination for populations that overwinter within the circum-Mediterranean region. Our aim was to analyse whether two bluethroat subspecies that stop over in northern Iberia and face different migration distances, show different stopover behaviour in terms of periods of passage, fuel management and stopover duration. The subspecies were Luscinia svecica namnetum, which overwinters within the circum-Mediterranean region; and L. s. cyanecula, some of which migrate to tropical Africa. Overall, we obtained 265 captures, involving 208 distinct bluethroats and 56 recaptures, at the Txingudi marshlands in northern Iberia, during the autumn migration periods of 2007 and 2008. Passage periods did not differ between both subspecies, nor did fuel load (body mass: 15.0 g; fat: 1.0), mass deposition rate (0.07 g/day) and stopover duration (15.3 days). However, late L. s. cyanecula showed higher fuel loads than early individuals, so these birds could potentially cover longer distances without needing to refuel. Mean fat score was low for both subspecies which, together with the very low rate of fuel accumulation, supports the hypothesis that Iberia is crossed in consecutive short steps. Long-distance L. s. cyanecula migrants could acquire the high fuel loads needed to migrate to tropical Africa in southern Iberia or north-western Africa.
백년초 opuntia ficus indica / 선인장과

Opuntia ficus-indica , Cactaceae present in Brazil, has different biological activities already described, among them the antidiabetic potential. Technological prospecting, is the possibility of projecting future plans involving a certain subject. Therefore, this study presents the technological prospect of this species regarding the treatment of diabetes. To achieve this, a search for patents was carried out in the following banks: National Institute of Industrial Property, European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the Lens. Thus, it was observed that South Korea stood out in the number of patents, while Brazil did not file a patent. However, the number of works found is still low compared to other species. So, it is evident that Opuntia, due to its pharmacological potential, should be a target of further studies, and with this prospect, it is possible to encourage the correct direction of research efforts on this topic.
The role of phytochelatins in arsenic tolerance in the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata.

• Pteris vittata was the first identified arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator. Here we investigated whether phytochelatins (PCs) are involved in the hypertolerance of arsenic by P. vittata. • P. vittata was exposed to 0-500 µm arsenate for 5 d, or to 50 µm arsenate for 0-7 d. In addition, l-buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, was used in combination with different arsenate exposures. The relationships between As accumulation and the concentrations of PCs and glutathione (GSH) were examined. • PC synthesis was induced upon exposure to arsenate in P. vittata, with only PC2 detected in the plant. The As concentration correlated significantly with PC2 concentration in both roots and shoots, but not with GSH. The molar ratio of PC-SH to As was c. 0.09 and 0.03 for shoots and roots, respectively, suggesting that only a small proportion (1-3%) of the As in P. vittata can be complexed with PCs. In the presence of arsenate, addition of BSO decreased PC2 concentrations in roots and shoots by 89-96% and 30-33%, respectively. BSO alone was found to inhibit root growth of P. vittata markedly. • The results suggest that PCs play a limited role in the hypertolerance of As in P. vittata.
The importance of seed size in early growth of wild and domesticated cowpeas

Summary Domesticated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ) have larger seeds than their wild relatives. The effects of this increase in seed size on seedling emergence and growth were investigated. In shallow sowings, to 5 cm, seed size had no effect on emergence, but in deeper plantings ahigher proportion of the larger-seeded accessions emerged, and they emerged earlier than smaller-seeded accessions. The size of seedlings just after emergence was inversely related to depth of planting and directly related to seed size. The greater size of the seedlings of larger-seeded accessions was maintained until at least 40 days after sowing, despite the higher relative growth rates of smaller, wild seedlings. When compared at the same size there was no general difference in the growth rate of wild accessions and that of domesticates. During the evolution of domesticated cowpeas, large seeds have probably been advantageous because of their better emergence and establishment under agricultural conditions, and because of the greater size of plants arising from them.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS OF PLANKTON IN THE CHILKA LAKE

This paper gives an account of the main features of the plankton of f-e Chilica Lake from April, 1964 to March, 1965. The seasonal fluctuations of the main constituent groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton in relation to some of Jthe environmental variables have been discussed. The diatoms and copepods formed the dominant groups in the plankton during the above period.
Influence of Stage of Maturity at Harvest and Level of Grain Feeding on Intake of Wheat Silage

Abstract Four silos of wheat silage were used to measure the influence of stage of maturity at harvest and level of grain feeding on total dry matter and energy intake. Silage 1 (early heading) was fed to milking cows, Silages 2 (early heading), 3 (milk stage), and 4 (dough stage) were fed to dairy heifers. Intake of the early cut silages was superior to the late cut silages when fed as the only feed. This superiority was retained when 20, 35, and 50% of the silage dry matter was replaced with a grain mixture.
Indirect transmission of head lice via inanimate objects

Whether people can become infected by head lice transferring from inanimate objects is a topic of controversy. This paper reviews the evidence available from experimental studies in controlled laboratory experiments and data from field studies. The weight of evidence appears to be against transmission from inanimate objects being significant, and the promotion of inanimate objects that play an epidemiologically important role in head lice dispersal is not supported by evidence. We conclude that the control of head lice should focus on the head, not on the environment. However, additional studies are needed to quantify transmission risk via inanimate objects and the probability that head lice eggs survive and hatch off-host.
Stress responses in an outbred, wild-derived hamster, Phodopus campbelli: Individuality in the cortisol response to acute restraint stress and the absence of strong association with behavioural responses to acute restraint

Glucocorticoid reactivity is often used as a biomarker of emotional stress status in animals and man. Likewise, behavioural responses of individuals to standardized stresses are also widely used to assess the magnitude of perceived stress. Unfortunately, there is little evidence that widely used physiological measures and widely used behavioural measures yield similar, or even correlated, results. The current study provides an explicit test of the relationship between the two approaches. Dwarf hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) were subjected to a standardized, on-back restraint in a socially subordinate position and had plasma samples drawn under brief, home-cage, isoflurane anesthesia to quantify cortisol before and after the acute stress. Individual responses were transformed into parameters describing the absolute change in cortisol, the proportional changes in cortisol, and the overall exposure to cortisol across stress and recovery. There was exceptional individual variability in cortisol responses to the standardized stressor, including monotonic declines, and cluster analysis failed to effectively partition between-individual variation by sex, age, or housing conditions, for any parameter. Next, physiological measures, and a battery of behavioural tests routinely used to assess, anxiety, stress, and emotionality differences, as well as resistance to capture and intruder aggression, were combined in an expanded population including individuals from genetic lines selected to increase or decrease cortisol concentration. In general, dwarf hamsters showed less neophobia than is typical of laboratory mice and rats (e.g. animals quickly dropped from the elevated plus maze). In addition, results were iii combined to create behavioural indices by orienting each test score relative to an emotionality continuum and combining tests based on, a priori, expectations of similarity. Multivariate regression failed to detect covariation between physiological and behavioural measures, despite the large number of parameters describing those responses. Although the experimental design did not include replication, or comparison of physiological responses to different stressors, it was clear that behavioural and physiological responses were neither interchangeable nor statistically associated. Thus, results challenge widespread assumptions about the interaction between the glucocorticoid response to stress, and the manifestation of that stress through alterations in behaviour. Additional research exploring physiology-behaviour associations in genetically diverse populations is warranted. The results presented in Chapter 3 are a joint effort of F.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 – Pathophysiological Role and Clinical Significance as a Cardiovascular Biomarker

Within the last decade, a broad range of biomarkers associated with an increased risk for death and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular endpoints have been identified. Epide‐ miological studies clearly indicate that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) has the potential to become clinically useful emerging biomarker in the true sense, linking plaque biology with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular event rate. Lipo‐ protein-associated phospholipase A2 is a specific vascular inflammatory marker, a risk factor, a prognostic biomarker, and also a therapeutic target. This chapter will sum‐ marize our current knowledge on Lp-PLA2 with emphasis on its potential pathophy‐ siological mechanisms of action and on clinical relevance as cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular biomarker. This chapter gives comprehensive, systematic review of studies assessing the significance of Lp-PLA2 in cardiovascular/cerebrovascular dis‐ eases with emphasis on clinical benefit of pharmacologic inhibition of Lp-PLA2.
Prognostic value of weight loss in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an insidious disease. Diagnosis is made following observation of functional deficits that occur due to the death of upper and lower motor neurons. Pathological hallmarks of corticospinal tract involvement are almost always present, whereas upper motor neuron involvement could be subclinical.1 This complex clinicopathological phenotype is now recognised within a wide spectrum of disease that may include extramotor features such as cognitive and behavioural impairments.1 While median survival is currently 3 years following symptom onset, survival could become much longer. Superimposed on this elaborate canvas of presentation and progression is a range of factors thought to impact survival. Van Mantgem and colleagues …