Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AGC198606: A gas-bearing dark matter minihalo?

We present neutral hydrogen (HI) imaging observations with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope of AGC198606, an HI cloud discovered in the ALFALFA 21cm survey. This object is of particular note as it is located 16 km/s and 1.2 degrees from the gas-bearing ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Leo T while having a similar HI linewidth and approximately twice the flux density. The HI imaging observations reveal a smooth, undisturbed HI morphology with a full extent of 23'x16' at the 5x10^18 atoms cm^-2 level. The velocity field of AGC198606 shows ordered motion with a gradient of ~25 km/s across ~20'. The global velocity dispersion is 9.3 km/s with no evidence for a narrow spectral component. No optical counterpart to AGC198606 is detected. The distance to AGC198606 is unknown, and we consider several different scenarios: physical association with Leo T, a minihalo at a distance of ~150 kpc based on the models of Faerman et al. (2013), and a cloud in the Galactic halo. At a distance of 420 kpc, AGC198606 would have an HI mass of 6.2x10^5 Msun, an HI radius of 1.4 kpc, and a dynamical mass within the HI extent of 1.5x10^8 Msun.
Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition

: This Survey takes a brief overview of Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition. We will take a look at various techniques and algorithms. We will compare all the algorithms and also see the pros and cons of each of them. Literature Survey is done on the extensively on Algorithm of Dynamic Gesture Recognition. Gesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state but commonly originate from the face or hand. It shows that a lot of work is being carried out in this field of gesture recognition and is used for various applications. Gesture recognition helps in building a richer bridge between machine and human.
Presence of Aflatoxins (Mutagens and Carcinogens) in Industrialized Chili Sauces

Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most frequent mutagens, teratogens and carcinogens detected in food, and they are also present in all types of chili peppers and sauces made with them. Fifty-two different industrialized chili pepper sauces from markets in Mexico were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2). The chemical AF extraction and high performance liquid chromatography methods were validated based on the following parameters: selectivity, linearity (calibration curves), recovery percentages, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). The square of correlation coefficients (R2) were AFB1: 0.9973; AFB2: 0.9892; AFG: 0.9969; and AFG2: 0.9986. All curves were correct, with an average regression coefficient of R2 > 0.9892. The percentage of recovery, was 83% for AFB1 , 75% for AFB2, 96% for AFG1, and 81% for AFG2. The Limits of Detection (LOD) were 0.1 ng for AFB1, 0.01 ng for AFB2, 0.01 ng for AFG1, and 0.5 ng for AFG2. For the statistical analysis, the different chili sauce groups were analyzed and compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test, and the results showed no statistically significant differences among the samples with respect to the total aflatoxins (AFt) amounts. The removal of all high mutagenic levels of AFG1 (> 10 ppb) from the analysis did not change the results. Eight chili pepper sauces (15%) from the different groups surpassed the 10 ppb AFt tolerance limit of the Codex Alimentarius and had 15 to 116 μg kg-1 AFt. The average AFt from the 52 samples was 3.69 μg kg-1, which were all within the globally accepted limits. Thus, these results suggest that there is no consistent basis for warning the public about AFs in the most commonly used salsas, but their use should be moderated because many are not safe to eat.
Compact uniplanar antenna for WLAN applications

A compact dual-band uniplanar antenna for operation in the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN/HIPERLAN2 communication bands is presented. The dual-band antenna is obtained by modifying one of the lateral strips of a slot line, thereby producing two different current paths. The antenna occupies a very small area of 14.5times16. 6 mm 2 including the ground plane on a substrate having dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm at 2.2 GHz. The antenna resonates with two bands from 2.2 to 2.52 GHz and from 5 to 10 GHz with good matching, good radiation characteristics and moderate gain
The Inverse Stable Range Functor

We give an inverse construction of the stable range for general flows which may or may not admit an invariant measure. The inverse map is then shown to be a right inverse functor of the stable range functor. The Krieger theorem asserts that in the type IIIo case, there is a one-toone correspondence between orbit equivalent classes of ergodic transformations, algebraic isomorphism classes of Krieger factors, and conjugate isomorphism classes of nontransitive ergodic flows. This correspondence is established via explicit maps between the objects, namely the stable range map, the crossed product, and the flow of weights. In this paper we are concerned with inverting the stable range map, i.e., given a flow on a standard measure space, we will explicitly construct a transformation with the flow as its stable range. Since orbit equivalent transformations give rise to conjugate flows under the stable range map, the choice of the transformation is not unique. However, by using some kind of skew product with the odometer, it is possible to choose a natural one which satisfies the requirement. This construction provides the vital missing arrow which points in the opposite direction of the other maps. For the case where the flow admits an invariant measure, such a transformation can be found in [4] or [5], but for a general flow the problem is more difficult. In [3] Hamachi showed that for a given ergodic flow, one can construct an ergodic action of Z x (Z + aX) on a certain standard measure space whose stable range is isomorphic to the flow. The result of Connes, Feldman, and Weiss guarantees that the equivalence relation generated by this action is generated by a single transformation T, but it is far from clear how to construct such a transformation explicitly. Noting that the stable range map is in fact a functor from the category of transformations with orbit transporting isomorphisms to the category of flows with conjugations, we see that the construction below also extends to the construction of a right inverse functor to the stable range functor. This fact establishes that the mod homomorphism from the automorphism group of a measured equivalence relation to the automorphism group of its associated flow is split (this also follows from Hamachi's construction [3, p. 399]). Our method also yields a transparent proof of surjectivity of mod, a fact noted by both Hamachi and Golodets [1]. Received by the editors June 8, 1990 and, in revised form, November 7, 1990. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 28D99. ©1994 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/94 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Social Role Valorization Versus Drug Therapies

In an article in the February 1994 issue of Mental Retardation, Wolfensberger briefly remarked on the neurotoxic, and health-and life-destroying, effects of prescription psychoactive drugs. In the October 1994 issue, Levitas et al. strongly questioned that assertion, at least as long as the drugs are not used “indiscriminately,” and questioned the publication of such controversial statements without documentation. In this article, Wolfensberger provides extensive elaboration, analysis, and documentation of his original assertion.
First evidence of diffuse ultra-steep-spectrum radio emission surrounding the cool core of a cluster

Diffuse synchrotron radio emission from cosmic-ray electrons is observed at the center of a number of galaxy clusters. These sources can be classified either as giant radio halos, which occur in merging clusters, or as mini halos, which are found only in cool-core clusters. In this paper, we present the first discovery of a cool-core cluster with an associated mini halo that also shows ultra-steep-spectrum emission extending well beyond the core that resembles radio halo emission. The large-scale component is discovered thanks to LOFAR observations at 144 MHz. We also analyse GMRT observations at 610 MHz to characterise the spectrum of the radio emission. An X-ray analysis reveals that the cluster is slightly disturbed, and we suggest that the steep-spectrum radio emission outside the core could be produced by a minor merger that powers electron re-acceleration without disrupting the cool core. This discovery suggests that, under particular circumstances, both a mini and giant halo could co-exist in a single cluster, opening new perspectives for particle acceleration mechanisms in galaxy clusters.
Desktop virtual reality in psychological research : a case study using the Source 3 D game engine

While the use of virtual environments in psychological research is of growing importance, the high cost and lengthy development time is a likely deterrent to new users. In this article we argue that commercially available games platforms present an economical and accessible approach to creating high fidelity desktop virtual environments that are suitable for research purposes. We present a case study using the Source 3D game engine, a platform that is proving increasingly popular with researchers. We also describe a Python-based data extraction program that we have developed, which enables future users to rapidly and effectively process the large amount of data provided by this methodology. The evaluation of this program using data from a task created with this method (Logie, Trawley & Law, 2011; Trawley, Law & Logie, 2011) provides support for this approach. This freely-available Data Extraction Utility may remove one barrier to those wishing to join a burgeoning community of researchers utilizing desktop virtual reality to investigate important questions about human behavior.
Morphometric Studies on the Spinal Cord Segments of the Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cunicu- lus)

Twelve adult angora and chinchillas rabbits of different ages, sex and weights were used. After the routine preparation and dissection of the specimens the spinal cord exposed for morphometric studies by using Venire Caliber and magnifying lens. The measurements taken comprised; the total length of the spinal cord, the dorsal, ventral root attachment and inter root lengths – segment lengths, the transverse and dorsoventral diameters lengths, the cervical and lumbar enlargements, as well as the conus medullaris.
Failure of interspecies androgenesis in salmonids

*Department of Animal Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland, †Department of Salmonid Research, Inland Fisheries Institute, Rutki, 83-330 Zukowo, Poland, ‡Department of Fish Biology and Culture, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland, §Department of Evolutionary Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland, ¶Szent István University, Department of Fish Culture, H-2103 Gödöllõ, Hungary, Institute of Zoology, Salzburg University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria and **Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Saimaa Fisheries Research and Aquaculture, 58175 Enonkoski, Finland
The Impact of Users on Technological Development : The Role of Physician Innovation in the Medical Device Industry

The extensive academic literature on innovation has long recognized product users as an important source of ideas. While prior work has focused on understanding the unique motivations and knowledge possessed by users, we extend existing theory to contrast the varying contributions of user and manufacturer-generated inventions to technological development. We theorize that user inventors will generate inventions that are of greater importance than manufacturers, contribute to a broader set of follow-on technologies and that better anticipate technological trajectories. We test these propositions with a large data set of medical device inventions that includes user inventions by practicing physicians. We find support for our hypotheses, and discuss the implications of our results for the literature on sources of innovation and technological development.
Group motivational interviewing in the 'Small Changes' weight management project: a quasi-experimental trial -

Background - Motivational interviewing has been recommended as an effective counselling intervention for weight management with overweight and obese individuals. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research for the use of motivational interviewing in weight management groups and research in the area often lacks sufficient 'treatment fidelity', failing to accurately report the consistency, style, content and competence of those delivering the intervention. The current study examined the efficacy of the Small Changes weight management programme comparing motivational interviewing in groups to treatment as usual. Methods - Those in the motivational interviewing group intervention received 12 sessions of 2 hours, which comprised 9 group and 3 one to one sessions over 12 months. The motivational interviewing group were treated in a motivational interviewing consistent manner throughout; for example, change talk was identified, evoked and strengthened via specific micro-skills such as open questions, affirmations and reflections. In the treatment as usual group, subjects also received 9 group and 3 one to one sessions over a 12 month period. The treatment as usual group were required to self-select a 'Small Change' at each meeting with the facilitator. All subjects were measured at five time points: baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, outcome measures included: weight, body mass index, body-fat percentage, waist to hip ratio, number of minutes of daily physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and feelings of well-being. A treatment fidelity framework was applied to the motivational interviewing groups' intervention to ensure a consistent, reliable and reproducible approach. Results - After 12 months, improvements were shown for all variables measured in the motivational interviewing groups; only the composite measure of physical and psychological wellbeing improved statistically in the treatment as usual groups, . When comparing approaches: significant differences were found between motivational interviewing and treatment as usual in favour of the motivational interviewing intervention for mean percentage change in weight and body mass index but not for % body fat, waist to hip ratio, fruit and vegetable consumption, feelings of well-being or physical activity levels. The retention rates in the motivational interviewing groups were higher with 64% of subjects returning for the 12 month outcome measures versus 14% in the treatment as usual groups. Conclusions - This study indicates improvements to weight loss outcome measures after 12 months for an intervention implementing motivational interviewing for weight management groups when compared to an existing weight management programme. Future research is needed to establish the empirical basis for the use of motivational interviewing for weight management groups, with heterogeneity of dose and treatment fidelity as essential features. Keywords : Motivational interviewing, treatment fidelity, weight management
Research in Neuroscience and Virtual Reality

Virtual reality is one of the most challenging applications of computer graphics and is currently being used in many fields. Participants of immersive virtual environments have unique experiences which were never before possible. Although they know from a cognitive point of view that the virtual environment is not a real place, they act and think as if the virtual environment were real. Virtual environments take advantage of the imaginative ability of people to psychologically transport them to other places. In this chapter, we are going to analyze the two-way relationship between virtual reality and neuroscience. First, it will be described how virtual reality can be a useful tool in neuroscience research, as long as it can be used to create controlled environments where participants can perform tasks while their responses are monitored in order to achieve a more detailed understanding of the associated brain processes. Previous work and research in this field will be detailed and discussed. Secondly, the applications of neuroscience in the virtual reality field will be analyzed. There are aspects of the virtual reality experience such as presence that can be an object of study for neuroscientists (Sanchez-Vives & Slater, 2005). Results from neuroscience studies can help virtual reality researchers to improve their knowledge about the processes that occur in the brain during the exposure to virtual environments and generate more compelling and effective versions of the virtual environments that they develop. At the end of the chapter, some general conclusions and implications that the research in virtual reality and neuroscience may have for future work will be described. The different kinds of studies that will be described in this chapter are listed in Table 1.
TRACEABILITY AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN LABELLING

Country of origin labelling (COOL) on food products is controversial. There is disagreement over whether consumers value information on country of origin intrinsically or as a quality or a safety signal. The debate becomes more heated when country of origin labelling is mandated by regulation, with fears that the regulation is driven by producer rather than consumer interests. Country of origin labelling has implications for traceability systems in agrifood supply chains. The ability to provide consumers with information on the country of origin requires a basic level of traceability, although does not necessarily imply full traceability throughout the supply chain to the farm. This paper examines the role of traceability and identity preservation systems in marketing agrifood products, focusing on the underlying economic functions of traceability systems. Voluntary versus mandatory labelling of country of origin and/or traceability becomes a question of determining if consumers value this information and whether a market failure exists in providing this information. The table implications of mandatory country of origin labelling are explored within this context.
The effect of preanesthetic administration of lactated Ringer solution on blood pressure in isoflurane-anesthetized horses

Hypotension induced by volatile agents is particularly notorious in horses and it is probably one of the major causes of the high anaesthetic risk in this species. In the present study we investigated the influence of 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer solution on the values of arterial blood pressure during the elective surgical procedure, administered right before the induction of anaesthesia. The goal was to establish if it was possible to lower the risk of hypotension development with this type of therapy. Nine horses divided in two groups were used in this study. All the horses were submitted to the same anesthetic regimen. The second group of horses received 10 mL/kg i.v. lactated Ringer solution in the 15 minutes time before the induction of anesthesia. The effect of lactated Ringer solution was noted at the beginning of anesthesia. Statistically significant differences among groups were noticed during the first measurement. The results indicate that the suggested method may provide a very simple way of supporting the cardiovascular system at least at the beginning of the surgical procedure.
THE 2014 KIDA NETWORK FOR INTERSTELLAR CHEMISTRY

Chemical models used to study the chemical composition of the gas and the ices in the interstellar medium are based on a network of chemical reactions and associated rate coefficients. These reactions and rate coefficients are partially compiled from data in the literature, when available. We present in this paper kida.uva. 2014, a new updated version of the kida.uva public gas-phase network first released in 2012. In addition to a description of the many specific updates, we illustrate changes in the predicted abundances of molecules for cold dense cloud conditions as compared with the results of the previous version of our network, kida.uva. 2011.
Supernova 2010ev: A reddened high velocity gradient type Ia supernova

Aims. We present and study the spectroscopic and photometric evolution of the type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2010ev. Methods. We obtain and analyze multi-band optical light curves and optical-near-infrared spectroscopy at low and medium resolution spanning from -7 days to +300 days from the B-band maximum. Results. A photometric analysis shows that SN 2010ev is a SN Ia of normal brightness with a light curve shape of $\Delta m_{15}(B)=1.12 \pm 0.02$ and a stretch s = $0.94 \pm 0.01$ suffering significant reddening. From photometric and spectroscopic analysis, we deduce a color excess of $E(B - V) = 0.25 \pm 0.05$ and a reddening law of $R_v = 1.54 \pm 0.65$. Spectroscopically, SN 2010ev belongs to the broad-line SN Ia group, showing stronger than average Si II {\lambda}6355 absorption features. We also find that SN 2010ev is a high-velocity gradient SN, with a value of $164 \pm 7$ km s$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$. The photometric and spectral comparison with other supernovae shows that SN 2010ev has similar colors and velocities to SN 2002bo and SN 2002dj. The analysis of the nebular spectra indicates that the [Fe II] {\lambda}7155 and [Ni II] {\lambda}7378 lines are redshifted, as expected for a high velocity gradient supernova. All these common intrinsic and extrinsic properties of the high velocity gradient (HVG) group are different from the low velocity gradient (LVG) normal SN Ia population and suggest significant variety in SN Ia explosions.
Negative regulation of TLR 9-mediated IFN-induction by a small-molecule , synthetic TLR 7 ligand

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of molecules that function as sensors for the detection of foreign pathogens through the recognition of nonvariable microbial motifs. Although numerous studies have focused on singular TLRs, less attention has been focused on how simultaneous signaling of multiple TLRs may result in counterregulation of the effects of each. Here, we examine the counter-regulation that occurs during simultaneous stimulation of TLR7 and TLR9 on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and B cells. Interestingly, we observed that the capacity for potent IFN-induction by TLR9 ligands like CpG-C and CpG-A is markedly reduced by concurrent small molecule TLR7 stimulation. However, this inhibition is specific to particular CpG motif, containing immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) functions such as IFNinduction and BDCA-2 down-regulation. Other ISS activities such as PDC expression of CD80/CD86, secretion of IL-6, and B cell proliferation are not altered by the presence of TLR7 ligands (TLR7Ls). In concordance with the ability of TLR7Ls to decrease IFNsecretion induced by ISS, we also find that the expression of interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7), a transcriptional factor critical for IFNexpression, is reduced. Furthermore, down-regulation of TLR9 mRNA expression is accelerated after TLR7 stimulation. These data indicate that TLR7 and TLR9 costimulation do not combine synergistically for IFNinduction and demonstrate that, instead, a negative feedback mechanism has evolved, possibly to prevent levels of IFNsecretion potentially detrimental to the host. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 000–000; 2007.