Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibitors suppress the AR‐V7‐mediated transcription and selectively inhibit cell growth in AR‐V7‐positive prostate cancer cells

Recent evidence suggests that androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, including AR‐V7, play a pivotal role in resistance to androgen blockade in prostate cancer treatment. The development of new therapeutic agents that can suppress the transcriptional activities of AR splice variants has been anticipated as the next generation treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
The Chankas and the Priest: A Tale of Murder and Exile in Highland Peru

“This marvelous microhistory brings to life the world of the Andean villagers of Pampachiri as they fall under the ruthless exploitation of a sadistic priest. Beginning with a series of events in this small village during the late sixteenth century, Sabine Hyland weaves a vivid story of the foundations and persistence of Chanka ethnicity, the role of the church and its clergy, and the nature of Spanish colonialism. In so doing, she provides a more balanced evaluation of the construction of a new social order. ” —Noble David Cook, author of People of the Volcano
Thermoacoustic imaging and spectroscopy for enhanced breast cancer detection

Early detection of breast cancer is paramount for improved survival. Mammography, the gold standard for diagnostic breast imaging, has limited spatial resolution and often misses early tumors. In thermoacoustic (TA) imaging an incident microwave pulse is converted to ultrasound via localized thermoelastic expansion and creates an image of the sample's absorption. Single frequency thermoacoustic imaging failed in clinical studies to reliably discriminate malignant from healthy tissue. We hypothesize that limitations in TA technology severely reduced the capability and performance of previous imaging systems. We present initial experimental results using thermoacoustic imaging and spectroscopy for discrimination of fat and muscle tissue, water content and ethanol. This study demonstrates multi-frequency thermoacoustic spectroscopy using both the magnitude and slope of the TA signal between 2.7 and 3.1 GHz. The average slope of the thermoacoustic signal for ethanol was calculated to be -0.45 a.u. /GHz, while water had an average TA slope of 0.56 a.u. /GHz, clearly differentiating the two regions and consistent with their microwave absorption properties.
Finite-time robust trajectory tracking control for the underactuated biped robot based on Poincaré-like-alter-cell-to-cell mapping method

Poincaré-like-alter-cell-to-cell mapping method is proposed to search for the tracking target point, when the slope of the ground or the structure parameters of the underactuated biped robots have changed. The finite-time robust trajectory tracking control strategy is designed to make the states of the system reach the tracking target point in finite time. This control strategy is based on the theory of Lyapunov stability and the characteristics of the system. And this control strategy can make the error be bounded in terminal value under the condition of external uncertain disturbance, otherwise be zero. The simulation tests show that the finite-time robust trajectory tracking controller is effective. The stable gait of the underactuated biped robots with external disturbances generates easily, when the poincaré-like-alter-cell-to-cell mapping method is combined with the control strategy proposed in this paper. The stability and robustness of the gaits can be improved.
Quality of congestive heart failure treatment at a Canadian teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND Practice guidelines for the management of congestive heart failure (CHF) emphasize the need for assessment of left ventricular function and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. However, previous studies have shown that many patients do not receive these tests or medications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compliance of physicians at a large Canadian teaching hospital with published CHF management guidelines. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the charts of 200 patients admitted to Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, in 1997 for whom CHF was the diagnosis most responsible for the hospital admission. Quality of care was measured with 3 indicators: the use of left ventricular function testing to determine systolic versus diastolic dysfunction; the prescription of ACE inhibitors to appropriate patients (those with systolic dysfunction, no contraindications to ACE inhibitor therapy and no angiotensin II receptor blocker use); and the prescription of target doses of ACE inhibitors. RESULTS Of the 200 patients 177 (88.5%) received left ventricular function testing before or during their hospital stay; of the 177, 117 (66.1%) had systolic dysfunction. A total of 100 patients were considered to be ideal candidates for ACE inhibitor treatment. Of the 100, 89 (89.0%) received ACE inhibitors; however, only 23 (23.0%) were prescribed target doses. INTERPRETATION Most patients who had CHF at this Canadian hospital received left ventricular function testing and ACE inhibitor therapy. Future educational efforts should focus on the importance of adequate dosing of ACE inhibitors.
Two-level Description of Turkish Morphology

Cet article etudie une description morphologique a deux niveaux de la structure lexicale du turc. Cette description a ete implemantee a l'aide d'un environnement PC-KIMMO et est basee sur un lexique de racine lexicale comprenant 23 OOO racines
Multiple bacterial species reside in chronic wounds: a longitudinal study

The aim of the study was to investigate the bacterial profile of chronic venous leg ulcers and the importance of the profile to ulcer development. Patients with persisting venous leg ulcers were included and followed for 8 weeks. Every second week, ulcer samples were collected and the bacterial species present were identified. More than one bacterial species were detected in all the ulcers. The most common bacteria found were Staphylococcus aureus (found in 93·5% of the ulcers), Enterococcus faecalis (71·7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (52·2%), coagulase‐negative staphylococci (45·7%), Proteus species (41·3%) and anaerobic bacteria (39·1%). Resident bacterial species were present in all the ulcers. In 76% of the ulcers, two or more (up to five) resident bacterial species were found. The most common resident bacterial species were S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, ulcers with P. aeruginosa were found to be significantly larger than ulcers without the presence of P. aeruginosa (P < 0·005). Our study demonstrated that the chronic wound is colonised by multiple bacterial species and that once they are established many of them persist in the wound. Our results suggest that the presence of P. aeruginosa in venous leg ulcers can induce ulcer enlargement and/or cause delayed healing.
Evidence is lacking for interventions proposed to prevent unintended awareness during general anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

In Response: In response to the letter by Drs. Gibbs and Weightman, our goal was to report 5-year survival for a restricted group of cardiac surgical patients exposed to small quantities of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions (1 or 2 U) compared with those with no exposure during their index cardiac surgery admission. We applied restrictive exclusion criteria to remove patients experiencing active hemorrhage or other conditions that could limit survival separate from the exposure of interest, RBC transfusion. We used both Cox proportional hazards modeling and propensity-adjusted analysis to assess the effect of exposure. We observed a statistically significant 16% increased adjusted risk of 5-year mortality with both statistical methods. Upon closer examination, we observed that the effect on survival was most pronounced in the first 6 months after surgery, with 67% increased risk of 6-month mortality. Regardless of how one chooses to define “short-term” versus “long-term” survival, we observed an association of markedly reduced survival after cardiac surgery after exposure to small quantities of RBC transfusion.
Plant-Derived Tandem Drug/Mesoporous Silicon Microcarrier Structures for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

The properties of nanostructured plant-derived porous silicon (pSi) microparticles as potential candidates to increase the bioavailability of plant extracts possessing anti-inflammatory activity are described in this work. pSi drug carriers were fabricated using an eco-friendly route from the silicon accumulator plant bamboo (tabasheer) powder by magnesiothermic reduction of plant-derived silica and loaded with ethanolic extracts of Equisetum arvense, another silicon accumulator plant rich in polyphenolic compounds. The anti-inflammatory properties of the active therapeutics present in this extract were measured by sensitive luciferase reporter assays; this active extract was subsequently loaded and released from the pSi matrix, with a clear inhibition of the activity of the inflammatory signaling protein NF-κB over a period of hours in a sustained manner. Our results showed that after loading the extracts of E. arvense into pSi microparticles derived from tabasheer, enhanced anti-inflammatory activity was observed owing to enhanced solubility of the extract.
Color Calibration of HDR Image under a Known Illumination for Measuring Reflectance Property of Materials

High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDRI) refers to a set of techniques that can represent a dynamic range of real world luminance. Hence, the HDR image can be used to measure the reflectance property of materials. In order to reproduce the original color of materials using this HDR image, characterization of HDR imaging is needed. In this study, we propose a new HDRI characterization method under a known illumination condition at the HDR level. The proposed method normalizes the HDR image by using the HDR image of a light and balances the tone using the reference of the color chart. We demonstrate that our method outperforms the previous method at the LDR level by the average color difference and BRDF rendering result. The proposed method gives a much better reproduction of the original color of a given material.
Home-Based Versus In-Hospital Cardiac Rehabilitation After Cardiac Surgery: A Nonrandomized Controlled Study

Background Exercise rehabilitation after cardiac surgery has beneficial effects, especially on a long-term basis. Rehabilitative programs with telemedicine plus appropriate technology might satisfy the needs of performing rehabilitation at home. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare exercise capacity after home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) or in-hospital rehabilitation in patients at low to medium risk for early mortality (EuroSCORE 0–5) following cardiac surgery. Design A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Methods At hospital discharge, patients were given the option to decide whether to enroll in the HBCR program. Clinical examinations (electrocardiography, cardiac echo color Doppler, chest radiography, blood samples) of patients in the HBCR group were collected during 4 weeks of rehabilitation, and exercise capacity (assessed using the Six-Minute Walk Test [6MWT]) was assessed before and after rehabilitation. A group of patients admitted to the in-hospital rehabilitation program was used as a comparison group. Patients in the HBCR group were supervised at home by a medical doctor and telemonitored daily by a nurse and physical therapist by video conference. Periodic home visits by health staff also were performed. Results One hundred patients were recruited into the HBCR group. An equal number of patients was selected for the comparison group. At the end of the 4-week study, the 2 groups showed improvement from their respective baseline values only in the 6MWT. No difference was found in time × group interaction. Limitations Because patients self-selected to enroll in the HBCR program and because they were enrolled from a single clinical center, the results of the study cannot be generalized. Conclusions In patients who self-selected HBCR, the program was found to be effective and comparable to the standard in-hospital rehabilitative approach, indicating that rehabilitation following cardiac surgery can be implemented effectively at home when coadministered with an integrated telemedicine service.
Testing the integration of ICF and behavioral models of disability in orthopedic patients: replication and extension.

OBJECTIVE Disability from chronic illness is a major problem for society, yet the study of its determinants lacks an overall theoretical paradigm. Johnston (1996) has proposed conceptualizing disability as behavior and integrating biomedical and behavioral predictors. Dixon, Johnston, Rowley, and Pollard (2008) tested a model including constructs from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) using structural equation modeling; it fitted better and explained more variance than the ICF or TPB alone. We replicated their study with a new sample from the same population (orthopedic patients awaiting joint replacement) and also tested the model after the patients had surgery. METHODS Two weeks before surgery, 342 orthopedic patients who had joint pain (most with arthritis) completed a questionnaire, with 228 completing it again 1 year after surgery. The authors tested Dixon et al.'s best-fit models cross-sectionally (before and after surgery) and assessed the goodness of fit of these imposed models to our data using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Findings strongly supported those of Dixon et al. Before surgery, results were very similar to Dixon et al. with all models accounting for significant variance and fitting well, but the integrated model fitted better and accounted for more variance. One year after surgery, Dixon et al.'s models showed even stronger fit to the data. CONCLUSIONS Although behavioral and biomedical (ICF) models were supported, the integrated model provided a better explanation of disability in this population than either of these models alone and suggests biopsychosocial interventions to reduce disability.
The Early Effect of the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Hormones Involved in Body Weight Regulation and Glucose Metabolism

Objective:To evaluate the early effect of Roux-en-Y (RYGB) gastric bypass on hormones involved in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism. Significant Background Data:The RYGB is an effective bariatric procedure for which the mechanism of action has not been elucidated yet. Reports of hormonal changes after RYGB suggest a possible endocrine effect of the operation; however, it is unknown whether these changes are the cause or rather the effect of surgically induced weight loss. We speculated that if the mechanism of action of the RYGB involves an endocrine effect, then hormonal changes should occur early after surgery, prior to substantial body weight changes. Methods:Ten patients with a mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 46.2 kg/m2 (40–53 kg/m2) underwent laparoscopic RYGB. Six patients had type 2 diabetes treated by oral hypoglycemic agents. Preoperatively and 3 weeks following surgery, all patients were tested for fasting glucose, insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leptin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Results:Changes in mean BMI were rather minimal (43.2 kg/m2; P = not significant), but there was a significant decrease in blood glucose (P = 0.005), insulin (P = 0.02), IGF-1 (P < 0.05), leptin (P = 0.001), and an increase in ACTH levels (P = 0.01). The other hormones were not significantly changed by surgery. All the 6 diabetic patients had normal glucose and insulin levels and did not require medications after surgery. The RYGB reduced GIP levels in diabetic patients (P < 0.01), whereas no changes in GIP levels were found in nondiabetics. Conclusions:Roux-en-Y gastric bypass determines considerable hormonal changes before significant BMI changes take place. These results support the hypothesis of an endocrine effect as the possible mechanism of action of RYGB.
Avaliação do conhecimento da população de Colatina -ES sobre os efeitos da luz ultravioleta e visível

Doses elevadas de luz solar pode gerar envelhecimento e câncer de pele. Para evitar lesões celulares, filtros solares são utilizados como forma de proteção. Colatina é um município que apresenta indivíduos que trabalham no campo e na construção civil e que se expõem ao sol. No entanto não se conhece os índices de proteção solar da população de Colatina. Um estudo transversal quantitativo foi investigado com pacientes do Unesc-Saude quanto ao conhecimento e comportamento da população frente à exposição solar. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres têm mais cuidados com a proteção da pele em relação aos homens e que o uso de protetor solar está diretamente relacionado a taxa de escolaridade. O estudo portanto mostra que homens acima de 50 anos e de baixa escolaridade apresentam maiores riscos de envelhecimento precoce e câncer de pele.
Optimization of the SATD function in AVS-M

In this paper, we briefly introduce the AVS-M, show the SATD function definition and the role of it. And then, we optimize the SATD function in AVS-M in four parts: expand cycle, use macro definition to the absolute value calculation, use the C library function instead of macro definition, merger the final step of Hadamard_Transform. Through optimization, coding speed increased from 1.15 frame/sec to 1.32 frame/sec.
A Chemical Approach to Immunoprotein Engineering: Chemoselective Functionalization of Thioester Proteins in Their Native State

Less than 6 feet under: Serum proteins C3, C4, and α2M each contain a thioester domain buried within a hydrophobic pocket, which is thought to shield the labile thioester from hydrolysis. Herein, we make use of the inherent reactivity of the hydrazide for thioester moieties to chemoselectively label these crucial serum regulators in their native conformation; this demonstrates that access to the thioester site is much greater than previously supposed.
Photonic Crystal Fiber With Large Mode Area and Characteristic Bending Properties

We report on a photonic crystal fiber with a large mode area designed for compact high power fiber lasers and amplifiers. The fiber suppresses higher order modes when bent around a 10-cm radius and enables single mode operation in small footprint laser and amplifier architectures. We experimentally confirm the peculiar bending properties of this fiber in its passive version, by reporting on the measurement results of fundamental mode loss in bent and straight fibers, and of the influence of the bending plane orientation on this fiber loss.
Comments on ‘The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions’

It was a pleasure to read the paper of Lunn et al., and I congratulate the authors on their achievement; by providing a means for the routine implementation of Bayesian methods the BUGS program has revolutionized statistics. My own small part in the history of BUGS was to work with the authors on the PKBUGS project, [1]. My own PhD, and those of Dave Lunn and Nicky Best all concerned Bayesian population pharmacokinetic modeling [2–4], and so it was a natural step for us to use the BUGS machinery to carry out the required hierarchical nonlinear modeling. With respect to Section 5.2 of the paper, I have for a number of years [5] been troubled by the specification of inverse gamma priors for the variance of random effects. A major difficulty is that beyond the linear model, it is not straightforward to think about the random effects due to the scale on which they act, particularly for binomial data. I will briefly describe a method that I have lately experimented with [6]. For concreteness we will consider a generic log odds ratio in cluster i , i | 2∼iid N(0, 2) with −2∼Ga(a,b). Integration over 2 gives the marginal distribution for i , and is a t distribution with d=2a degrees of freedom, location zero, and scale =b/a. To construct a prior distribution we require a careful interpretation of i , or more informatively, exp( i ). The latter is the deviation in cluster i of the odds, from the median of the distribution of the odds, across all clusters. Hence we may refer to exp( i ) as residual odds, since it is relative to the median odds across areas. To pick a and b we give a range for exp( i ). In particular, for a range (1/R, R) we use the relationship ±td 0.025 √ =± log R, where td r is the 100×r th quantile of a Student t random variable with d degrees of freedom, to give a=d/2, b=(log R)2d/2(td 1−(1−q)/2). We (somewhat arbitrarily) choose d=1, to give a log Cauchy marginal distribution for exp( i ). As an example, for a 95% range of [0.1,10] we obtain a=0.5,b=0.0164. Given the ubiquity of MCMC, I recently enjoyed reading the article of Rue et al. [7], which describes the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) approach to Bayesian computation, a method that cleverly combines Laplace and numerical integration. I would be interested in the authors’ view of this work. I have found it particularly useful for carrying out simulation studies in real time to compare Bayesian procedures with competitors. Of course, this new found ability opens up a number of difficult questions such as how to choose priors ‘fairly’ in a simulation setting.
Nano Drug Delivery System in Pharmacy and Chemistry Review Article

Controlled drug delivery systems (DDS) have several advantages compared to the traditional forms of drugs. A drug is transported to the place of action, hence, its influence on vital tissues and undesirable side effects can be minimized. Accumulation of therapeutic compounds in the target site increases and, consequently, the required doses of drugs are lower. This modern form of therapy is especially important when there is a discrepancy between the dose or the concentration of a drug and its therapeutic results or toxic effects. Cell- specific targeting can be accomplished by attaching drugs to specially designed carriers. Various nanostructures, including liposomes, polymers, dendrimers, silicon or carbon materials, and magnetic nanoparticles, have been tested as carriers in drug delivery systems. In this review, the aforementioned nanocarriers and their connections with drugs are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles as carriers in DDS. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of using magnetic nanoparticles as DDS are discussed. The efficient delivery of active pharmaceutical agents to specific organelles like mitochondria and lipid bodies, employing nanocarriers developed through the use of "click" chemistry, constitutes a continuing topical area of research. In this review, we highlight important contributions click chemistry in the nanosized drug delivery system and its future aspects.
Chronic (-)baclofen or CGP 36742 alters GABAB receptor sensitivity in rat brain and spinal cord.

Administration of the GABAB receptor agonist, (-)-baclofen 10 mg kg-1, i.p. daily for 21 days to rats prevented (-)-baclofen-induced hyperpolarizing responses and synaptically-evoked late inhibitory potentials (IPSPs) in olfactory cortical neurones recorded intracellularly from 450 microns brain slices. In contrast, pre-treatment with CGP 36742 induced a significant increase in (-)-baclofen-mediated post-synaptic responses and late IPSP amplitude. In the spinal cord, the potency of (-)-baclofen in inhibiting electrically-evoked substance P-like immunoreactivity or amino acid release was significantly reduced or increased in slices from rats pre-treated with the GABAB agonist or antagonist, respectively. These data suggest that functional responses to GABAB receptor activation in the mammalian central nervous system can be up- or down-regulated.