Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Descriptive Study of Stigmatization of Mental Illness: Findings from Yobe State, Nigeria

ental illness is a clinically significant behavioural or psychological syndrome associated with distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning), or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death or an important loss of freedom. In addition, the syndrome must not be merely a predictable and culturally sanctioned response to a particular event, such as the death of a loved one. Whatever its original source, it must be considered a manifestation of a behavioural, psychological or biological dysfunction in the individual (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Mental illness can affect anyone. But some people are more at risk than others due to factors such as age, gender, economic status, disability or substance abuse. When it arises, mental illness reduces the sufferer to a level of helplessness, thereby leading to suffering. It affects the individual’s process of thinking and ability to function, consequently reducing his/her social roles and overall productivity in the community. Mental health problems place a huge burden on the family and the community at large. They are the leading cause of all nonfatal disease worldwide (Whiteford et al., 2013). Mental illness can develop at different stages of an individual’s life. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is evident from very early childhood, when children start school, as their behaviour can be compared to others of the same age, whereas conditions such as schizophrenia can develop in the late teens to early twenties for men and early to late twenties in women, There are no set conditions as to whom mental illness can affect; it often depends on the individuals’ life circumstances and events, just as is the case with physical illness (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Maximizing the reduction ability for near-maximum independent set computation

Finding the maximum independent set is a fundamental NP-hard problem in graph theory. Recent studies have paid much attention to designing efficient algorithms that find a maximal independent set of good quality (the more vertices the better). Kernelization is a widely used technique that applies rich reduction rules to determine the vertices that definitely belong to the maximum independent set. When no reduction rules can be applied anymore, greedy strategies including vertex addition or vertex deletion are employed to break the tie. It remains an open problem that how to apply these reduction rules and determine the greedy strategy to optimize the overall performance including both solution quality and time efficiency. Thus we propose a scheduling framework that dynamically determines the reduction rules and greedy strategies rather than applying them in a fixed order. As an important reduction rule, degree-two reduction exhibits powerful pruning ability but suffers from high time complexity O(nm), where n and m denote the number of vertices and edges respectively. We propose a novel data structure called representative graph, based on which the worst-case time complexity of degree-two reduction is reduced to O(m log n). Moreover, we enrich the naive vertex addition strategy by considering the graph topology and develop efficient methods (active vertex index and lazy update mechanism) to improve the time efficiency. Extensive experiments are conducted on both large real networks and various types of synthetic graphs to confirm the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness of our algorithms.
Signaux moléculaires de tri des protéines dans les cellules épithéliales : implication du domaine transmembranaire et des processus de maturation post-traductionnels

Le tri des proteines dans les cellules epitheliales represente le processus fondamental de la mise en place et du maintien de la polarite fonctionnelle des cellules epitheliales. Des processus nombreux et interdependants sont mis en oeuvre pour realiser ces etapes specialisees du trafic intracellulaire. Les dernieres donnees de la litterature sur les composantes de ces voies de trafic seront presentees et discutees dans la premiere partie de cet article. Les signaux portes par les proteines pour specifier leur destination representent l’un des elements majeurs de l’adressage. Les signaux basolateraux sont pour l’essentiel connus et relativement univoques, alors que les signaux apicaux sont quant a eux discutes et multiples en terme de nature moleculaire. Le cas des signaux portes par la dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) est particulierement interessant a aborder, car cette proteine rejoint le pole apical des cellules epitheliales selon des voies qui varient avec le type cellulaire considere. Ces voies de trafic variables et complexes qui conduisent a des localisations temporaires de la DPP IV autres que la bordure en brosse apicale sont associees a des fonctions diverses : digestion enzymatique, liaison de proteines circulantes, interaction avec la matrice extracellulaire. Nous avons entrepris l’etude de ces signaux et nous decrirons ici le role potentiel de la glycosylation et celui du domaine transmembranaire dans l’adressage apical de la DPP IV, en insistant sur les capacites des differentes machineries cellulaires a interpreter ces signaux.
ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA ATIVO DE CAPTAÇÃO DE GLUTAMINA de Streptococcus mutans

GUIMARÃES, K. S. Analysis of the glutamine active transport system of Streptococcus mutans. 2011. 59 p. Masters thesis (Microbiology) Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2011. Glutamine and glutamate are important amino acids for the bacterial metabolism, acting as nitrogen source for macromolecule synthesis. The uptake of these amino acids occurs by means of ABC-type active transporter systems. On the present study we evaluate the glutamine transport systems of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans), the etiological agent of dental decay. In silico analyses revealed the presence of two polycistronic operons that encode glutamine uptake systems: the gln operon, composed of the glnQ, H, M, P genes, and a putative operon composed by the smu.1177c, smu.1178c and smu.1179c genes. Comparative analyses indicated that this putative operon is highly conserved among different species of the Streptococcus genus but do not have an annotated biological function. A mutant deleted on the smu.1177c, smu.1178c and smu.1179c genes was successfully obtained by site-direct mutagenesis with the replacement of the genes by a gene cassette encoding resistance to erythromycin. The mutant strain (KG1) showed impairment of glutamine and glutamate uptake. Similar results were observed with another mutant deleted in the gln operon suggesting an overlap in the function of the two transport systems. The KG1 strain had a slight increase on the adaptation phase during grown on rich or defined media. Removal of both glutamine and glutamate of the medium abolished growth of the mutant strains as well as the parental strain. Nonetheless, growth of the mutant strains was recovered after addition of glutamine or glutamate to the media suggesting that uptake of these amino acids is essential for S. mutans. These data showed also that the two uptake system share similar functions regarding uptake of these amino acids. The KG1 strain showed also an enhanced capability to bind abiotic surfaces adhesion (polystyrene plaques), suggesting an increased biofilm formation with regard to the parental strain. On the other hand, the mutant deleted in the gln operon showed higher capacity to biding n-hexadecan suggesting an altered hydrophobic profile of surface-exposed components. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that both operons are involved with the uptake of glutamine and glutamate in S. mutans. Furthermore, our data indicate that the two uptake systems may play different roles on the virulence of S. mutans.
3 0 N ov 2 01 5 On the additivity of preference aggregation methods ∗

The paper reviews some axioms of additivity concerning ranking methods used for generalized tournaments with possible missing values and multiple comparisons. It is shown that one of the most natural properties, called consistency, has strong links to independence of irrelevant comparisons, an axiom judged unfavourable when players have different opponents. Therefore some directions of weakening consistency are suggested, and several ranking methods, the score, generalized row sum and least squares as well as fair bets and its two variants (one of them entirely new) are analysed whether they satisfy the properties discussed. It turns out that least squares and generalized row sum with an appropriate parameter choice preserve the relative ranking of two objects if the ranking problems added have the same comparison structure. JEL classification number: D71 AMS classification number: 15A06, 91B14
Attributes of salicylic acid and humic acid on seed yield and quality in African marigold

A field experiment was conducted in kharif season of 2016-17 at Research Farm Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture Nagpur to evaluate effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and humic acid on quality and yield attributes of African marigold. The treatment comprised of different concentration of salicylic acid (50, 100, 150, 200 ppm), humic acid (250, 500, 750, 1000 ppm) and control (water spray) were applied as foliar sprays on 15th and 30th DAT. The treatments were replicated thrice in RBD. Among different concentrations of chemicals, salicylic acid 200 ppm recorded significantly maximum number of branches plant-1 (20.87), minimum days to 50 % flowering (62.00 days), number of flowers plant-1 (38.07), weight of dry flower (2.43 g), number of seeds flower-1 (197.61), seed yield hectare-1 (3.27 q), diameter of fully open flower (7.40 cm) and test weight (2.77 g) whereas minimum days to harvesting of flower for seed (34.00 days) were observed in salicylic acid 50 ppm and control.
Lizard Caudal Vertebrae

tion with regard to the presence or number, shape, size, and orientation of the transverse processes and their positional relationship to the autotomic planes of fracture. Individual caudal vertebrae may bear one or two pairs of transverse processes or may lack them. The plane of fracture may pass in front of, through, or behind the processes when one pair is present, and passes between the anterior and posterior pairs when two are present. A single pair of processes may be oriented anterolaterally, laterally, or posterolaterally, and paired processes may converge or diverge distally. Sequential change in the caudal vertebrae from sacrum to tail tip is gradual and involves relatively slight modifications in some lizards, but is more often abrupt, takes place within the space of two or three vertebrae, and involves relatively major changes such as the loss or doubling of proc-
A PARALLEL HYBRID LINEAR SOLVER FOR ACCELERATOR CAVITY DESIGN

Numerical simulations to design high-energy particle accelerators give rise to large-scale ill-conditioned highlyindefinite linear systems of equations that are becoming increasingly difficult to solve using either a direct solver or a preconditioned iterative solver alone. In this paper, we describe our current effort to develop a parallel hybrid linear solver that balances the robustness of a direct solver with the efficiency of a preconditioned iterative solver. We demonstrate that our hybrid solver is more robust and efficient than the existing state-of-the-art software to solve these linear systems on a large number of processors.
Influência de diferentes índices zootécnicos na composição e evolução de rebanhos bovinos leiteiros

The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of different zoo technical indexes in the composition and evolution of dairy cattle through the years. Two hundred forty herds were simulated by combinations among the zoo technical indexes ages at the first birth (24,30 and 36 months), birthrate (100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60%), culling (10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) and the female death rate from 0 to 1 year old, 1 to 2, 2 to 3 (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%, respectively). For the simulations of herd evolutions, the Computational System for Measurements and Evolution of Beef Cattle software was used. It was applied in the statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis non-parametrical statistic, through NPAR1WAY procedure. Having observed significance in Kruskal-Wallis test, MULTTEST procedure was applied to verify the difference among the averages by the contrast. It was concluded the appropriate gaining of zoo technical indexes in the raise of dairy cattle influences the composition and evolution of herds, being the birthrate the most responsible for the herd evolution, followed by age at first birth, culling and death rates. KEY WORDS: Dairy cattle, herd planning, reproductive efficiency, simulation.
Influencing Factors of Fertility in Developing Countries: Evidence from 16 DHS Data

Objective: This study aims to identify factors that have a substantial impact on the fertility performance of the human population in developing countries. Methods: We have used 16 different countries' demographic and health survey data to complete the study. To address the study objective, binary logistic regression random effect metaanalysis and random effect meta-regression are used. Results: At the end of the analysis, it is found that Odds Ratio (OR) for variable women’s age is 0.06 [0.06; 0.07] for the event high fertility which is least among all other results. OR for education of women and partner be respectively 0.31 [0.25; 0.39] and 0.44 [0.35; 0.56]. OR for age at first marriage was found to be 0.47 [0.40; 0.56] for the event high fertility. On the other hand, per-capita-health-expenditure can explain 57.14% of the total amount of variation for the variable age at first marriage. Additionally, 49.17% of the heterogeneity can be explained by annual population growth for the variable type of place of residence. Conclusion: In a developing country, women's age is the most important factor to explain fertility performance. After women’s age, an increase in education for both partners and women lead to fertility decline. Another unusual factor that influences fertility behavior is the per capita health expenditure of a country. A rise in per capita health expenditure ultimately leads to fertility decline.
Product Innovation and Relational Capital: Evidence From Portugal

At a time when intellectual capital and product innovation management are both considered to be critical for companies to gain a competitive edge (and even survive) in today’s unstable business environment, this paper discusses the influence of relational capital on product innovation performance at innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Building upon the intellectual capital and new product development perspectives, an empirical research was conducted, using a questionnaire administered to a network of Portuguese innovative SMEs. The findings suggest that relational capital does have a positive effect on product innovation performance. In particular, “Vertical relationships” emerges as the main relational capital element significantly affecting product innovation at the innovative SMEs level. The existence and proactive management of relationships with customers and suppliers emerge as critical factors to product innovation success. We find our results to be useful for both researchers and practitioners: we contribute to the ongoing understanding of relational capital’s impact on critical business phenomena, while also identifying additional critical factors for new product development success.
preprocessing Project description — Efficient MAPF via massive preprocessing

Coordinating the movement of a fleet of agents or robotsis a decades-old family of problems that has been intensively studied by the robotics and artificial intelligence communities. Applications of this family of problems can be found in diverse settings including assembly [12], evacuation [14], formation [13] and search-and-rescue [11]. One specific application of this general problem that gained significant interest in the research community is the warehouse domain. Here, storage locations host inventory pods that hold one or more kinds of goods. A large number (several hundreds and some times even several thousands) of robots operate autonomously in the warehouse picking up, carrying and putting down the inventory pods. The robots move the pods from their storage locations to designated dropoff locations where the needed goods are manually removed from the inventory pods (to be packaged and then shipped to customers). Each pod is then carried back by a robot to a (possibly different) storage location [22]. The successful use of such robots in warehouse applications led to a multi-billion industry led by tech-giants such as Amazon robotics and Alibaba [1]. For a visualization, see Fig. 1.
EARLY DIAGENETIC SEPTARIAN CONCRETIONS FROM THE OXFORDIAN (JURASSIC) CORALLIAN GROUP, OSMINGTON MILLS, DORSET, UK

Early diagenetic septarian concretions nucleated around large oyster shells are common in the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) Nothe Grit Formation of the Corallian Group at Osmington Mills, Dorset, UK. The host sediment is dominated by quartz, feldspar, mica and clay minerals along with abundant bioclasts. The concretions are predominantly composed of non-ferroan calcite, post-dated by ferroan calcite, along with minor pyrite, glauconite and silica (chalcedony and quartz) cements. Radial septarian fractures are infilled by non-ferroan and ferroan calcite cements. The first phase of calcite cementation occurred prior to significant compaction; septarian fracture generation occurred following burial and localised over-pressuring of the sediment.
HOW CHINA WILL HELP FUEL THE REVOLUTION IN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

Self-driving cars could steer China’s automotive industry into the passing lane. From driverless taxis to automated cargo trucks, autonomous vehicles (AVs) will change the nature of on-road driving and, in the process, revolutionize the automotive and mobility industries. Within this mix of opportunity and uncertainty, we believe AV players (from components vendors to mobility service providers) could earn trillions in revenues in China.
Effect of Political Risk on Bank Profitability

Affected by political instability and policy uncertainty, political risk determines the inter-temporal expectations and decisions of economic units, and affects microeconomic, mesoeconomic and macroeconomic fields. Thereby, impacts of political risks that occur frequently in Turkey over bank profitability are specified in this study. At first, the reasons of political risk and political instability in Turkey are analyzed. Secondly, the mechanisms that transfer the impacts of political risk to bank profitability are specified. Then, panel ARDL method is used to determine the effects of political instability on bank profitability in Turkey. In addition to the variable of political risk index, some endogenous, macroeconomic and financial variables that affect bank profitability are also included and these variables are found to have a significant effect on bank profitability in accordance with the literature. In the context of the aim of the study, we find negative effect of the political risk on the bank profitability. Also, by separating banks as public and private banks, this effect is examined and the negative effect of political risk on public banks is found stronger. According to these results, it can be argued that implementations towards political stability should be worked as soon as possible for steady economic growth, in terms of the financing of real sector more favourably and the requirement of financial stability.
Study on the prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in Adama city, central Ethiopia

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a serious infectious disease of cattle with significant economic impact and public health risk. It is particularly important in Ethiopia where effective control measures are lacking. This cross-sectional study was carried out between April and July 2016 on 1038 cattle selected from 206 dairy farms in Adama city located in central Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of bTB and identify the potential risk factors using comparative intradermal tuberculin skin test. Accordingly, the individual animal level prevalence was found to be 2.1% (95% CI: 1.35 – 3.22). Of the 206 dairy farms included in the study, 7.3% (95% CI: 4.29 – 11.98) had one or more 15 cattle positive for the tuberculin test. Furthermore, 5.5% of the examined cattle were found reactive for atypical Mycobacterium. Among the risk factors considered, age and lactation status of the animals were significantly associated (p< 0.05) with the prevalence of bTB. It was noted that the apparent prevalence of bTB positive reactivity was greater in young and non-lactating cattle than their counterparts. In conclusion, the present study revealed 2.1% prevalence of bTB in the dairy farms investigated and culling of positive reactors is recommended as a feasible control intervention. Keywords: Adama; Bovine tuberculosis; CIDT; dairy cattle; Ethiopia
Using chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics to determine photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems

Variable fluorescence techniques are increasingly used to assess phytoplankton photosynthesis. All fluorescence techniques and models for photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETRs) are amplitude‐based and are subject to errors, especially when phytoplankton growth is nutrient‐limited. Here we develop a new, kinetic‐based approach to measure, directly and in absolute units, ETRs and to estimate growth rates in phytoplankton. We applied this approach to investigate the effects of nitrogen limitation on phytoplankton photophysiology and growth rates. Nutrient stress leads to a decrease in the quantum yield of photochemistry in Photosystem II (Fv/Fm); however, the relationship between Fv/Fm and growth rates is highly nonlinear, which makes it impossible to quantify the reduction in phytoplankton growth rates from Fv/Fm alone. In contrast, the decline in growth rates under nitrogen stress was proportional to the decrease in kinetic‐based photosynthetic rates. Our analysis suggests the kinetic fluorescence measurements markedly improve the accuracy of ETR measurements, as compared to classical amplitude‐based measurements. Fluorescence‐based methods for primary production rely on measurements of ETRs and then conversion to carbon fixation rates by using the electron yields of carbon fixation. The electron yields exhibit 10‐fold variability in natural phytoplankton communities and are strongly affected by nutrient limitation. Our results reveal that a decrease in the growth rates and the electron yields of carbon fixation is driven by, and can be quantified from, a decrease in photosynthetic turnover rates. We propose an algorithm to deduce the electron yields of carbon fixation, which greatly improve fluorescence‐based measurements of primary production and growth rates.