Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction «training system x vigour» on Merlot. Comparison between vertical trellis and minimal pruning. First results

The purpose of this investigation was to compare classical training systems manually pruned, (Vertical Trellis; Open Lyre, Lys, Geneva Double Curtain, Umbrella Kniffin) with a no pruned training system, the Minimal Pruning, in interaction with two vigour situations (high and moderate) mainly dependant on the soil and plant water content. The study focused particularly on Minimal Pruning.Minimal Pruning on Merlot has increased the yield in both vigour situations while decreasing the berry size but mainly the total cluster number per vine. The berry composition of the (MP) in the two vigour situations is different, mainly for sugar, anthocyanins and acidity. The (MP) wine composition is also distinguished in relation to the vigour. The (MP) wine from moderate vigour is among the most concentrated such as the open Lyre one, but with a component of acidity; the (MP) wine from high vigour situation is far below all wines in terms of quality.Moderate vigour means a water limitation between –0,4 and –0,6 Mpa since veraison to harvest maturation according to CARBONNEAU (1998) scale of the predawn leaf water potential. The high vigour (MP) wine is less concentrated than the wines from all the tested training systems. (MP) in moderate vigour situation has a better cluster microclimate than (MP) in high vigour situation, what could also contribute to favorable berries ripening. In addition, for both, the clusters are less compact what is unfavorable to rots. Minimal Pruning in moderate vigour situations could be an attractive economical option for some range of wines as «vins de pays» or «vins de cepage» by reducing pruning expenses and total costs in general, that if vigour can be regularly controlled at a moderate level.
Phylogeographic and molecular characterization of Pronghorn spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus Olivier, 1791) in the Southern Coast of Java and Lombok, Indonesia

Abstract. Irwani, Wijayanti DP, Satria AW, Sabdono A. 2020. Phylogeographic and molecular characterization of Pronghorn spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus Olivier, 1791) in the Southern Coast of Java and Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5691-5697. Panulirus penicillatus is one of the most important lobster species in Central Java. It is one of the most populous species in the southern part of Java and Lombok. However, uncontrolled catching causes a decrease in the population of P. penicillatus. Despite such human threats, information about the taxonomic status of this species is limited. Several previous reports on the taxonomy of this species have always been based on the morphological features that cause ambiguous identification. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the relationships of P. penicillatus in southern parts of the southern part of Java and Lombok by using the molecular technique. Twelve samples were collected from four study areas of the southern coast of the southern part of Java and Lombok and identified using DNA barcoding technique. DNA barcoding technique was used for the first time to identify P. penicillatus in this region. This study demonstrated that all specimens belonged to P. penicillatus. However, one specimen (PPK-06) showed high intraspecies nucleotide divergence that formed a distinct subclade. Therefore, the specimen (PPK-06) could represent a cryptic species within P. penicillatus that needs to be studied further.
Associated with Root Rot and Stunting of Winter Field and Cover Crops in North Carolina

REEVES, ELLA ROBYN. Pythium spp. Associated with Root Rot and Stunting of Winter Field and Cover Crops in North Carolina. (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Shew and Dr. Jim Kerns). Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was valued at over $66 million in North Carolina in 2019, but mild to severe stunting and root rot limit yields in the Coastal Plain region during years with above-average rainfall. Pythium irregulare, P. vanterpoolii, and P. spinosum were previously identified as causal agents of stunting and root rot of winter wheat in this region. Annual double-crop rotation systems that incorporate winter wheat, or other winter crops such as clary sage, rapeseed, or a cover crop are common in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Stunting and root rot reduce yields of clary sage, and limit stand establishment and biomass accumulation of other winter crops in wet soils, but the role that Pythium spp. play in root rot of these crops is not understood, To investigate species prevalence, isolates of Pythium were collected from stunted winter wheat, clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea plants collected in eastern North Carolina during the growing season of 2018-2019, and from all crops except winter wheat again in 2019-2020. A total of 534 isolates were identified from all hosts. P. irregulare (32%), P. vanterpoolii (17%), and P. spinosum (16%) were the species most frequently recovered from wheat. P. irregulare (37% of all isolates) and members of the species complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A (28% of all isolates) comprised the majority of isolates collected from clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. In experiments on winter wheat, highly aggressive isolates of P. irregulare, P. vanterpoolii, and P. spinosum at 14°C were identified. In vitro growth of these isolates was measured at 14°C and 20°C, and all isolates grew faster at the higher temperature. Experiments also investigated the influence of environment (3 nitrogen levels x 2 temperatures) and pathogen species (P. irregulare, P. spinosum, or P. irregulare + P. spinosum) on disease severity, plant height, root length, and biomass. All inoculation treatments caused severe root rot under all conditions tested, and disease was more severe at 12/14°C than at 18/20°C, but there was no effect of nitrogen application. In experiments on clary sage, P. irregulare and P. spinosum were aggressive pathogens at 18°C and caused moderate root necrosis at 28°C. Isolates representing Pythium sp. cluster B2A caused slight to moderate root necrosis on rapeseed and clary sage at 18°C, but no symptoms on rye or winter pea. Cultivation of winter wheat, clary sage, or rye may maintain or increase populations of P. irregulare and P. spinosum in crop rotation systems, whereas cultivation of clary sage, rye, rapeseed, or winter pea may maintain or increase populations of P. irregulare and Pythium sp. cluster B2A. P. irregulare and P. spinosum were aggressive pathogens of wheat and clary sage at temperatures ranging from 14°C to 18°C, which may explain their frequent recovery from multiple hosts during the
PRAGMATIC CONTROL OF SPECIFICITY AND SCOPE : EVIDENCE FROM DUTCH L 1 A *

In this paper I argue, on the basis of intuitional and psycholinguistic evidence, that a grammatical constraint on scope ambiguity found in Dutch and some other languages, but not in English, is a rule of pragmatic competence. After showing that this constraint cannot be derived from the obligatory specificity of indefinites in certain contexts, nor from core syntactic properties of Dutch that distinguish it from English, I present experimental evidence that the Dutch scope constraint is not fully acquired by Dutch monolingual speakers until after the age of 12. Given standard assumptions about L1A, this can only be the case if this constraint does not derive purely from UG. I propose a construction-based account of it and suggest that this is generated by the same general cognitive processes that are primarily responsible for adult L2A. 1 The Scope Constraint In English, when a sentence is composed of an indefinite subject, a transitive verb, and a direct object QP headed by each or every, it is generally SCOPALLY AMBIGUOUS. For example, the sentence type illustrated in (1a) has both the SURFACE SCOPE (SS) reading paraphrased in (1b) and the INVERSE SCOPE (IS) reading roughly represented in (1c). (1) a. A bird has eaten each/every blueberry. (ambiguous) b. ‘There is a bird who ate all the blueberries’ (SS reading) c. ‘Each blueberry was eaten by a bird’ (IS reading) In Dutch, in contrast, sentences analogous to (1a) using elke or iedere as the universal quantifier generally do not allow the IS reading. For example, most adult native * For their cooperation and assistance, I wish to thank the directors, teachers, parents, and participant children of the Dalton Basisschool and the Triangel Basisschool in Maarssenbroek, the Netherlands. For their assistance in running the experiment I also thank Dirk Snijders and Ester van der Sluis. 1 This term is intended here as a theory-neutral description of the logical ambiguity that is observed in sentences like (1a) and that can be described as the availability of two distinct sets of truth-conditions (“readings”), as represented by (1b) and (1c) in the case of (1a). 2 Although differing subtly in connotation, elke and iedere have the same primary truth-functional meaning, which seems to be closer to that of each than to that of every. Unlike each and every, elke and In: Emar Maier, Corien Bary & Janneke Huitink, eds. (2005) "Proceedings of SuB9" www.ru. nl/ncs/sub9
A Multiyear Record of Rainfall and Ionic Composition along an Elevation Gradient in Northeastern Puerto Rico

ABSTRACT Wet deposition is an essential source of nutrients and pollutants for terrestrial ecosystems, such as tropical forests. This article analyses a multiyear record of rainfall and ion composition data for 21 stations along an elevation gradient (0-1045 m a.s.l.) in the Luquillo Mountains. We found the concentration of total ions exponentially inversely correlated with rainfall volume with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.66 to -0.90, and rainfall increased with elevation. Variations in that trend were observed in several stations due to their location and exposure to predominant winds. The ion composition had a clear seasonal pattern with crustal aerosols from Africa present in the summer period and a small influence of anthropogenic aerosols from North America present during winter, while marine aerosols are present year-round. The annual ion load (kg/ha/year) increased from lowland stations up to the cloud formation levels (47-121%) except for PO43- and K+ and then decreased in the higher stations except for PO43- and NO3-.
Incidence of Drug-Drug Interactions and Clinical Evaluation in Patients of a Brazilian Public Hospital

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are responsible for therapeutic problems and the main causes of adverse drug reactions that require hospitalization. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of DDIs in patients admitted in a Public Hospital in Brazil, in 2015. In a cross-sectional study, DDIs were screened in 351 patients, using Micromedex® database, that classify interactions according to severity and documentary evidence. Potential DDIs were assessed at the daily pharmacotherapeutic follow-up through pharmaceutical anamnesis and analysis of laboratory tests were performed. A total of 2,937 potential DDIs were identified and 28.42% of these had confirmed signs and symptoms clinical in 87 patients (29%). Among the patients that presented interactions, 62.07% were older than 60 years. In this age group, 61.27% of all signs and symptoms clinical observed in the study were also identified, demonstrating a positive association between the occurrence of clinical interactions and age. In addition, a positive correlation between the number of drugs prescribed and the occurrence of signs clinicals was also observed. Most DDIs observed were of moderate severity and were related to imbalance of blood pressure and glycemic levels. This study demonstrated that DDIs are directly related to the age and number of drugs prescribed. And the greater frequency of DDIs with fair documentary evidence alerts to the need to consider all the possible interactions. Thereafter, this study showed that potential DDIs and sign and clinical symptoms are significant in patients and reinforce the need to support Clinical Pharmacy.
Optimal Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Linear Generator for Grid-Connected Wave Energy Conversion

the key goal of this article is on the design and optimum sliding mode control for Grid-Connected direct drive extraction method of ocean wave energy by Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A Linear Permanent Magnet Generator simulates the ocean wave energy extraction system, driven by an Archimedes Wave Swing. Uncontrolled three-phase rectifiers, a three-level buck-boost converter and 3 level neutral point clamped inverter are planned grid integration of Wave Energy Conversion device. The technique monitors the three-level buck-boost converter service cycle linked to the PMLG output terminals and decides the optimum switching sequence of 3 level neutral point clamped inverter to enable the grid relation. Simulations using Matlab/Simulink were carried out to test working of the wave energy converter after the suggested optimal control method was applied under various operating settings. Various simulation test results indicate that the proposed optimum control system is tested in both normal and irregular ocean waves. And it has been shown that the control method of the MOPSO sliding mode is ideal for maximizing energy transfer efficiency. Better voltage management at the DC-link and for achieving greater controllability spectrum was accomplished by the proposed Duty-ratio optimal control system.
Ensemble-based Adversarial Defense Using Diver-sified Distance Mapping

We propose an ensemble-based defense against adversarial examples using distance map layers (DMLs). Similar to fully connected layers, DMLs can be used to output logits for a multi-class classiﬁcation model. We show in this paper how DMLs can be deployed to prevent transferability of attacks across ensemble members by adapting pairwise (almost) orthogonal covariance matrices. We also illustrate how DMLs provide an eﬃcient way to regularize the Lipschitz constant of the ensemble’s member models, which further boosts the resulting robustness. Through empirical evaluations across multiple datasets and attack models, we demonstrate that the ensembles based on DMLs can achieve high benign accuracy while exhibiting robustness against adversarial attacks using multiple white-box techniques along with AutoAttack.
Dietary Fiber: An Opportunity for a Global Control of Hyperlipidemia

Dietary fiber has a long history in the intervention study of hyperlipidemia. In this review, current understandings of structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of dietary fibers (DFs) were analyzed first. Available evidences for the use of different varieties of DFs in the lipid-lowering action both in vitro and in vivo were subsequently classified, including both soluble ones, such as glucans, pectins, and gums, and insoluble ones, including arabinooxylans and chitosans, in order to draw a primary conclusion of their dose and molecular weight relationship with lipid-lowering effect. Their potential mechanisms, especially the related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, were summarized at last. Five major mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic benefits of DFs, including low levels of energy, bulking effect, viscosity, binding capacity, and fermentation thus ameliorating the symptoms of hyperlipidemia. From the molecular level, DFs could possibly affect the activities of HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptors, CYP7A1, and MAPK signaling pathway as well as other lipid metabolism-related target genes. In summary, dietary fibers could be used as alternative supplements to exert certain lipid-lowering effects on humans. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen this proposal and its fully underlying mechanism still requires more investigation.
Biomimetic Liposomal Nanoplatinum for Targeted Cancer Chemophototherapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is limited by tumor hypoxia. Platinum nanoparticles (nano‐Pt) as a catalase‐like nanoenzyme can enhance PDT through catalytic oxygen supply. However, the cytotoxic activity of nano‐Pt is not comprehensively considered in the existing methods to exert their multifunctional antitumor effects. Here, nano‐Pt are loaded into liposomes via reverse phase evaporation. The clinical photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) is loaded in the lipid bilayer to confer PDT activity. Murine macrophage cell membranes are hybridized into the liposomal membrane to confer biomimetic and targeting features. The resulting liposomal system, termed “nano‐Pt/VP@MLipo,” is investigated for chemophototherapy in vitro and in vivo in mouse tumor models. At the tumor site, oxygen produced by nano‐Pt catalyzation improves the VP‐mediated PDT, which in turn triggers the release of nano‐Pt via membrane permeabilization. The ultrasmall 3–5 nm nano‐Pt enables better penetration in tumors, which is also facilitated by the generated oxygen gas, for enhanced chemotherapy. Chemophototherapy with a single injection of nano‐Pt/VP@MLipo and light irradiation inhibits the growth of aggressive 4T1 tumors and their lung metastasis, and prolongs animal survival without overt toxicity.
Climate change mitigation through dietary change: a systematic review of empirical and modelling studies on the environmental footprints and health effects of ‘sustainable diets’

The adoption of healthy diets with low environmental impact has been widely promoted as an important climate change mitigation strategy. Typically, these diets are high in plant-sourced and low in animal-sourced and processed foods. Despite the fact that their environmental impacts vary, they are often referred to as ‘sustainable diets’. Here we systematically review the available published evidence on the effect of ‘sustainable diets’ on environmental footprints and human health. Eight databases (OvidSP-Medline, OvidSP-Embase, EBSCO-GreenFILE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, OvidSP-CAB-Abstracts, OvidSP-AGRIS, and OvidSP-Global Health) were searched to identify literature (published 1999–2019) reporting health effects and environmental footprints of ‘sustainable diets’. Available evidence was mapped and pooled analysis was conducted by unique combinations of diet pattern, health and environmental outcome. Eighteen studies (412 measurements) met our inclusion criteria, distinguishing twelve non-mutually exclusive sustainable diet patterns, six environmental outcomes, and seven health outcomes. In 87% of measurements (n = 151) positive health outcomes were reported from ‘sustainable diets’ (average relative health improvement: 4.09% [95% CI −0.10–8.29]) when comparing ‘sustainable diets’ to current/baseline consumption patterns. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with ‘sustainable diets’ were on average 25.8%[95%CI −27.0 to −14.6] lower than current/baseline consumption patterns, with vegan diets reporting the largest reduction in GHG-emissions (−70.3% [95% CI: −90.2 to −50.4]), however, water use was frequently reported to be higher than current/baseline diets. Multiple benefits for both health and the environment were reported in the majority (n = 315[76%]) of measurements. We identified consistent evidence of both positive health effects and reduced environmental footprints accruing from ‘sustainable diets’. The notable exception of increased water use associated with ‘sustainable diets’ identifies that co-benefits are not universal and some trade-offs are likely. When carefully designed, evidence-based, and adapted to contextual factors, dietary change could play a pivotal role in climate change mitigation, sustainable food systems, and future population health.
Effect of acute isooxic hypercapnia on oxidative activity of systemic neutrophils in endotoxemic rabbits

Introduction Whether carbon dioxide (CO2) affects systemic oxidative phenomena under conditions of endotoxemia is not sufficiently clarified. The study aimed to assess the impact of moderate acute hypercapnia on the respiratory burst of circulating neutrophils in mechanically ventilated endotoxemic rabbits. Material and methods Twenty-four endotoxemic rabbits were mechanically ventilated with standard or CO2-enriched gas mixture in order to obtain isooxic hypercapnia. At a baseline point and following 180 min of hypercapnic ventilation, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of circulating neutrophils and serum 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured. Throughout the study, leukocyte and neutrophil counts, pH status, circulatory parameters and body temperature were also assessed. Results Following 180 min of hypercapnic ventilation, opsonized zymosan (OZ)-stimulated neutrophils showed lower CL vs. the control group (p = 0.004). Other parameters studied were not affected. Conclusions Short-term isooxic hypercapnia in endotoxemic rabbits preserves circulating neutrophil count pattern and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, but it may reduce phagocytosis.
Clinical Features, Endoscopic Findings, and Predictive Factors for Mortality in Tissue-Invasive Gastrointestinal Cytomegalovirus Disease between Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients

Background and Aims Tissue-invasive gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (TI-GI CMV) disease is common in immunocompromised patients, but the increasing prevalence in immunocompetent patients has been reported. This study compared the clinical manifestations, endoscopic features, treatment outcomes, and predictors for inhospital mortality of TI-GI CMV between immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Methods Patients with HIV infection, malignancy, or receiving immunosuppressive agents (chemotherapy, high dose, or long-term corticosteroids) were defined as the immunocompromised group. Demographic and inhospital mortality data were obtained and retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 213 patients (89 immunocompetent) with histologically confirmed TI-GI CMV were enrolled. Immunocompetent patients were older (70 vs. 52 years; p < 0.001), had more GI bleeding as a presenting symptom (47.2% vs. 29.0%; p = 0.010), and shorter symptom onset (2 vs. 14 days, p = 0.018). Concomitant extra-GI involvement was only seen in the immunocompromised group (6.5% vs. 0%; p = 0.02). Diffuse GI tract (14.5% vs. 4.5%; p = 0.032) and esophageal involvement (14.5% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.046) were more frequent in the immunocompromised, while small bowel involvement was more frequent in the immunocompetent group (19.1% vs. 8.1%; p = 0.029). An overall inhospital mortality was 27.7%. There was no significant difference in inhospital survival probability between the two groups (Peto-Peto test, p = 0.65). ICU admission (hazard ratio [HR] 7.21; 95% CI 2.55-20.36), sepsis or shock (HR 1.98; 95% CI 1.08-3.66), malnutrition (HR 2.62; 95% CI 1.05-7.01), and receiving chemotherapy (HR 5.2; 95% CI 1.89-14.29) were independent factors for inhospital mortality. Antiviral treatment for more than 14 days was the only protective factor to improve survival (Peto-Peto test, p < 0.001). Conclusions Immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with TI-GI CMV disease had distinct clinical and endoscopic characteristics. There was no significant difference in the inhospital mortality between the two groups. The factors for mortality were ICU admission, sepsis/shock, malnutrition, and receiving chemotherapy. Early diagnosis and initiation of antiviral treatment might improve the survival probability.