Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Endoscopy in Screening and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Gastrointestinal cancer includes tumors of the proximal and distal stomach which are explored by upper GI endoscopy, using a flexible endoscope. It includes also tumors of the large bowel (colon and rectum), explored with flexible endoscopes by a complete colonoscopy or by a simple sigmoidoscopy. In 2008 the number of incident cases occurring in the World is estimated at 988 602 for gastric cancer and at 1 235 108 for colorectal cancer. A trigger role is played by Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric cancer, and by Diet, Nutrition and physical activity, in colorectal cancer. Gastric cancer is more frequent in developing countries of Asia and Latin America; colorectal cancer is more frequent in more developed countries of North America and Europe. For both tumors, endoscopic diagnosis is based on a 2 steps analysis, with detection followed by charaterization and prediction of histology, before decision of endoscopic resection. Techniques of endoscopic resection include polypectomy with a ligating snare, and modalities of resection called EMR and ESD. Endoscopic diagnosis with eventual treatment is the final step of all screening strategies, either in organized mass screening under the control of Health Authorities, or in Opportunistic screening in individual cases. In mass screening, endoscopy is performed only in persons with a positive filter test. In opportunistic screening endoscopy is a primary procedure. In secondary prevention of cancer, the early treatment of the tumor has a positive impact on survival and mortality. In the colorectum the treatment of premalignant adenomatous polyps has an impact on the reduction of incidence and could be considered as a primary prevention.
Seismic modelling of OB stars

Abstract A review of the ability of asteroseismology to probe the internal physics of OB stars is presented. The main constraints that can be obtained from the frequency spectrum in p- and g-modes pulsators are discussed. Next, we consider energetic aspects of the pulsations in OB stars and show how such study also allows to constrain their internal physics. The cases of p-mixed modes (β Cep stars), g-modes (SPB stars), strange modes and stochastically excited modes are considered.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE A New FSU Winds Climatology

A new objective time series of in situ–based monthly surface winds has been developed as a replacement for the subjective tropical Pacific Florida State University (FSU) winds. The new time series begins in January 1978, and it is ongoing. The objective method distinguishes between observations from volunteer observing ships (VOSs) and buoys, allowing different weights for these different types of observations. An objective method is used to determine these weights and accounts for the differences in error characteristics and in spatial/temporal sampling. A comparison is made between the objective and subjective products, as well as scatterometer winds averaged monthly on the same grid. The scatterometer fields are a good proxy for truth. These three sets of fields have similar magnitudes, directions, and derivative fields. Both in situ wind products underestimate convergence about the intertropical convergence zone; however, the objective FSU product is a much better match to the scatterometer observations. Furthermore, the objective winds have smaller month-to-month variation than the subjective winds. Composites of ENSO phases are also examined and show minor differences between the subjective and objective wind products. The strengths and weaknesses of the objective and subjective winds are discussed.
Identification of pristine and defective graphene nanoribbons by phonon signatures in the electron transport characteristics

Inspired by recent experiments where electron transport was measured across graphene nanoribbons (GNR) suspended between a metal surface and the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope [Koch \textit{et al}. , Nat. Nanotechnol. {\bf 7}, 713 (2012)], we present detailed first-principles simulations of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) of long pristine and defected armchair and zigzag nanoribbons under a range of charge carrier conditions. For the armchair ribbons we find two robust IETS signals around 169 and 196 mV corresponding to the D- and G-modes of Raman spectroscopy as well as additional fingerprints due to various types of defects in the edge passivation. For the zigzag ribbons we show that the spin state strongly influences the spectrum and thus propose IETS as an indirect proof of spin polarization.
Evaluating Breed Complementarity and Sexed Semen with Maternal Use of Afrikaner Germplasm

Livestock production impacts food security of developing countries, especially where efficiency of production is compromised by environmental stressors. In South Africa, breeding with indigenous Afrikaner cattle that are genetically well adapted to subtropical environments is considered an essential strategy for sustainable beef production. Today, there is a potential for farmers to participate in commercial systems that join adapted Afrikaner germplasm, used in a specialized maternal role, with exotic terminal sires to optimize production. The objective of this study was to assess productivity of five simulated production systems: 1) straightbred Afrikaner mated naturally, 2) a straight-bred Afrikaner cow herd with two sections; one section to produce replacement females and the other to cross with Charolais terminal sires, both using natural mating, 3) similar to 2, but applying sexed semen to produce replacement females, 4) similar to 2, but using a multi-breed composite dam line with a breed combination of 50% Afrikaner, 25% Hereford and 25% Simmental, and 5) similar to 4, but again applying sexed semen to produce replacement females. Parameter estimates needed to compare these systems were extracted from the scientific literature. Relative to straightbred Afrikaner dams, the simulated composite dams were more fit producing 7.8% more calves and their progeny performance was improved by reducing feed intake (-24.4%) and increasing meat production (+11.7%). The potential benefit of allocating more cows to the terminal sire was insufficient to offset the reduction in pregnancy rate that results with the use of sexed semen. Thus, system 4 had the greatest productivity (+23.1%) while requiring 22.8% less feed for finishing the progeny to be harvested relative to the purebred Afrikaner system. The combination of increased productivity and reduced feed requirement made use of a Charolais terminal sire in conjunction with multi-breed composite females bred by natural service the most efficient system among those studied.
Web Pattern Mining using ECLAT

The use of internet has been increasing day by day. The users can find their resources with the help of different hyperlinks. These usages of Internet have led to the invention of web crawlers. The search engine which helps the user to explore the web is known as Web Crawler. In web crawlers the crawled data can be used to find missing links, community detection in complex networks. The concept of providing accuracy for this is forever in the vein. In this paper, web crawlers: their architecture, process of semantic focused crawling technology, ontology learning, pattern matching, types and various challenges being faced when search engines use the web crawlers, have been reviewed. The web results more relevant to the user query through keyword expansion have been retrieved by the system. This data is being use further for the efficient association rule mining using Eclat Algorithm which is weaved for the vertical transactions based scheme. This process is being powered with Shannon information gain to identify the important words for the frequent pattern mining, and the whole process is being catalyzed by the fuzzy logic classification for
An Extended T-type (eT) Inverter Based on SiC Power Devices

The paper presents simulation and experimental study focused on a modified topology of the power converter-an extended T-type (eT) inverter designed and built with SiC power devices. It consist the standard three phase T-type topology with additional DC/DC converter connected across the DC side capacitors. The eT inverter shows high voltage gain and, in consequence, may be applied as an interface between three-phase grid and low voltage sources (i.e PV panels). Moreover, the DC/DC converter is capable to influence neutral point potential and necessary capacitance of the DC side capacitors is lower. Basic operation principles are explained and simulations on the 6 kV A laboratory model are shown. eT inverter is supplying resistive load with $3\times 400\mathrm{V}$ RMS output voltage from 250 V DC source. Finally, a series of experiments of a laboratory model designed with SiC MOSFETs and Schottky diodes is also presented.
Critical Thinking Among College and Graduate Students

Critical thinking is a major goal of post-secondary instruction, but empirical evidence that undergraduates have developed this skill is minimal and is virtually nonexistent for graduate students. Further, various critical thinking measures focus on different types of problems that require different cognitive strategies, yielding mixed results. This study investigated differences in critical thinking between undergraduate and graduate students in the social and mathematical sciences, using multiple measures of critical thinking that reflect different types of problem structure. The authors found educational level and academic area differences across measures, which they explain by the type of problem structures that the disciplines emphasize and by the measure of critical thinking.
The referential grain size and effective porosity in the Kozeny–Carman model

Abstract. In this paper, the results of permeability and specific surface area analyses as functions of granulometric composition of various sediments (from silty clays to very well graded gravels) are presented. The effective porosity and the referential grain size are presented as fundamental granulometric parameters expressing an effect of the forces operating on fluid movement through the saturated porous media. This paper suggests procedures for calculating referential grain size and determining effective (flow) porosity, which result in parameters that reliably determine the specific surface area and permeability. These procedures ensure the successful application of the Kozeny–Carman model up to the limits of validity of Darcy's law. The value of effective porosity in the referential mean grain size function was calibrated within the range of 1.5 µm to 6.0 mm. The reliability of the parameters applied in the KC model was confirmed by a very high correlation between the predicted and tested hydraulic conductivity values (R2 = 0.99 for sandy and gravelly materials; R2 = 0.70 for clayey-silty materials). The group representation of hydraulic conductivity (ranging from 10−12 m s−1 up to 10−2 m s−1) presents a coefficient of correlation of R2 = 0.97 for a total of 175 samples of various deposits. These results present new developments in the research of the effective porosity, the permeability and the specific surface area distributions of porous materials. This is important because these three parameters are critical conditions for successful groundwater flow modeling and contaminant transport. Additionally, from a practical viewpoint, it is very important to identify these parameters swiftly and very accurately.
Effect of Proactive Mode of Processing on Event-related Oscillatory Brain Responses in Children

Proactive cognition is characterized by the formation and active maintenance of an internal task representation. The aim of this study was to explore if the internal task representation might affect the processing of incoming stimuli. For that aim, the effects of proactive and reactive modes of processing on sensory and cognitive information processing were compared by using event-related oscillatory responses in a developmental model. Thirty six children aged 7-10 years were studied in a sensorimotor task with fixed stimulus sequences. Children were divided into two groups according to their proactive or reactive mode. Auditory event-related potentials were recorded and decomposed in the time-frequency domain to analyze amplitude and phase synchronization of oscillatory responses. Major results demonstrated that proactive mode of processing was characterized by enhanced pre-stimulus theta activity accompanied by a significant decrease of the temporal synchronization of event-related theta/alpha oscillations in the first 300 ms after stimulus. These results provide evidence that maintaining internal task representations in working memory engages oscillatory circuits, which can modulate the processing of incoming sensory information.
The Simulation of Rumor’S Spreading and Controlling in Micro-Blog Users’ Network

In this work, a rumor’s spreading and controlling in a directed Micro-blog user network being consisted with 580 000 nodes are simulated. By defining some authority nodes that release anti-rumor information as the prevention strategy, the effect of the nodes’ role in network on rumor’s suppression is studied. The findings show that rumor will be spread out fast and reach a stable level within limited steps. The suppression of rumor is more predominated by the intervening opportunity, the earlier the intervention strategy was implemented, the better the rumor’s controlling could be achieved. The controlling effect is less relevant with the role of the authority nodes in network.
Fuzzy Based Energy Efficient Multiple Cluster Head Selection Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is made up with small batteries powered sensor devices with lim- ited energy resources within it. These sensor nodes are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions and to pass their data through the wireless network to the main location. One of the crucial issues in wireless sen- sor network is to create a more energy efficient system. Clustering is one kind of mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks to prolong the network lifetime and to reduce network energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol called Fuzzy Based Energy Effi- cient Multiple Cluster Head Selection Routing Protocol (FEMCHRP) for Wireless Sensor Network. The routing process involves the Clustering of nodes and the selec- tion of Cluster Head (CH) nodes of these clusters which sends all the information to the Cluster Head Leader (CHL). After that, the cluster head leaders send aggregat- ed data to the Base Station (BS). The selection of cluster heads and cluster head leaders is performed by using fuzzy logic and the data transmission process is per- formed by shortest energy path which is selected apply- ing Dijkstra Algorithm. The simulation results of this research are compared with other protocols BCDCP, CELRP and ECHERP to evaluate the performance of the proposed routing protocol. The evaluation concludes that the proposed routing protocol is better in prolonging network lifetime and balancing energy consumption.
Airborne photogrammetry and lidar for DSM extraction and 3D change detection over an urban area – a comparative study

A digital surface model (DSM) extracted from stereoscopic aerial images, acquired in March 2000, is compared with a DSM derived from airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data collected in July 2009. Three densely built-up study areas in the city centre of Ghent, Belgium, are selected, each covering approximately 0.4 km2. The surface models, generated from the two different 3D acquisition methods, are compared qualitatively and quantitatively as to what extent they are suitable in modelling an urban environment, in particular for the 3D reconstruction of buildings. Then the data sets, which are acquired at two different epochs t 1 and t 2, are investigated as to what extent 3D (building) changes can be detected and modelled over the time interval. A difference model, generated by pixel-wise subtracting of both DSMs, indicates changes in elevation. Filters are proposed to differentiate ‘real’ building changes from false alarms provoked by model noise, outliers, vegetation, etc. A final 3D building change model maps all destructed and newly constructed buildings within the time interval t 2 – t 1. Based on the change model, the surface and volume of the building changes can be quantified.
Peer-to-peer Detection of DoS Attacks on City-Scale IoT Mesh Networks

Wireless IoT mesh networks are being widely deployed for use in applications such as operational technology networks in power grids, city-scale surveillance, and monitoring. The benefits of such networks, which may include mission critical communications, can be undermined by an adversary who launches denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on them. In this paper, we present a peer-to-peer approach to detecting and localizing such adversaries by leveraging the topology of the mesh network. In doing so, we make three main contributions. First, we present insights from a preliminary implementation on a standards-based IoT platform used in real smart meter deployments. Second, we propose an optimal choice of peers that can help detect a jammed node, while minimizing the risk that the peers themselves are jammed. Finally, we present a tool to help generate datasets of city-scale IoT mesh topologies for simulation studies.
Effects of a subsidized voluntary health insurance on insured and uninsured in Nigeria

Interventions aiming to simultaneously improve financial protection and quality of care might provide an important avenue towards universal health coverage (UHC). In this study we exploit panel data collected in 2009 and 2011 among 3509 randomly selected respondents in Kwara, Nigeria to estimate the effects of the Kwara State Health Insurance program on both the insured and uninsured. Within this program a subsidized voluntary low cost health insurance was offered by a private insurer and activities were undertaken to upgrade quality in selected health care facilities. Using propensity score matching we find that for the insured the program increased health care utilization and reduced out of pocket (OOP) expenditure. These improvements seem largely driven by the insurance. However, among the uninsured in the area with upgraded facilities, formal health care utilization decreased, informal health care utilization increased and OOP expenditures went up. These results suggest crowding-out of the uninsured from formal care facilities, which is problematic given that 67 percent of our sample did not take up the insurance in the initial two years of implementation. We conclude that implementing voluntary health insurance as a means towards UHC, warrants careful design of simultaneous supply side interventions to limit potential negative effects on those who do not enrol in the insurance. Further research is necessary to identify the processes driving the crowding-out of the uninsured.
Critical thinking and self-efficacy : Useful concepts in nursing practice and education

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Dynamic Analysis of a Twin Rotor MIMO System and Control Design

A control oriented analysis of a Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS) based on a high fidelity, non-linear model, recently developed, is proposed. Explicit formulae for the system states equilibria and for the descriptor matrices of the corresponding linear systems are provided. A modal analysis is presented which gives insights into the dynamics behaviour of the system across its operating envelope. Thanks to this analysis and to the analytical formulae developed, a simple, robust, LQR state-feedback controller is designed. Good tracking responses both in simulation and on the real, physical TRMS system are achieved. The responses predicted in simulation are almost identical to those observed on the real, physical system and these compare very favourably with the results of the literature.
3D Mass Customization Toolkits Design, Part II: Heuristic Evaluation of Online Toolkits

Web-based 3D toolkits create a virtual product environment in Mass Customization (MC) sites, allowing consumers to design their own products or services. A large amount of effort has clearly been expended to build a number of commercial web-based 3D MC systems, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate them, especially their toolkit design. In this paper we take a practical perspective and apply an Online 3D Mass Customization Toolkit Evaluation Model, proposed in our previous study [25], to evaluate four commercial web-based 3D toolkits. This evaluation indicates that current 3D toolkits are still at an early development stage and there are opportunities for improvement. We therefore conclude by identifying a number of open research questions in terms of solution space design, interaction design, enabling technologies and individual differences.
The sustainability balanced scorecard

Kaplan and Norton’s Balanced Scorecard is a management tool that supports the successful implementation of corporate strategies. It has been discussed and considered widely both in practice and research. By linking operational and non-financial corporate activities with causal chains to the firm’s long-term strategy the Balanced Scorecard supports the alignment and management of all corporate activities according to their strategic relevance. The Balanced Scorecard makes it possible to take into account non-monetary strategic success factors which significantly impact the economic success of a business. It is thus a promising starting-point to also incorporate environmental and social aspects into the main management system of a firm. This paper proposes for value-oriented corporate sustainability management with the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard. This helps to overcome the shortcomings of conventional approaches to environmental and social management systems by integrating the three pillars of sustainability into a single and overarching management tool. A Sustainability Balanced Scorecard shows the causal relation between the economic, environmental, and social performance of firms. On the one side this paper discusses the different possible forms of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard from a conceptual point of view. On the other side it shows the process and steps of formulating a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard for a fictitious company in practice based on the experience of a major joint research project in Germany and Switzerland. 1 Corresponding author: Marcus Wagner, e-mail: mwagner@uni-lueneburg.de. The Sustainability Balanced Scorecard – Theory and Application of a Tool for Value-Based Sustainability Management