Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melhoria de Documentos de Requisitos: um Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura

Resumo. Diversas técnicas são utilizadas, tanto pela indústria quanto pela academia, para a especificação de requisitos de um sistema de software. Dentre essas, destacam-se casos de uso e descrição textual que, como outras, apresentam problemas com relação a requisitos que foram abandonados; estruturas demasiadamente longas ou muito pequenas, pouco significativas e até desnecessárias; requisitos duplicados, fragmentados e espalhados. Tudo isso diminui a facilidade de entendimento, a modularidade e a reusabilidade do documento de requisitos, acarretando a inserção de erros nas fases posteriores do processo de desenvolvimento. Para esses casos, o quanto antes os problemas forem encontrados, menor será o custo para removê-los. Nesta pesquisa, utilizou-se o mapeamento sistemático da literatura como procedimento metodológico, com o objetivo de verificar, com bases em evidências, o estado atual de estudos sobre a melhoria de documentos de requisitos. A ideia foi verificar como essas melhorias foram validados e se utilizam alguma ferramenta de apoio. Diversos estudos propõem diferentes técnicas para avaliação e melhoria de documentos de requisitos por meio de refatorações e padrões, a fim de minimizar ou remover deficiências. Após análise dos estudos identificados, melhorias serão propostas à abordagem AIRDoc (Approach to Improve Requirements Documents), bem como o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para apoiar a execução do processo de forma efetiva.
Comparación de la Calidad de una Aplicación Móvil Desarrollada para Android y iOS: un Caso de Estudio

Una empresa costarricense desarrolladora de software creó una aplicación móvil con funcionalidad equivalente para Android y iOS. Debido a ello surgió el deseo de evaluar la calidad del software desarrollado en cada plataforma. Objetivo: Este artículo compara dos plataformas de desarrollo con el fin de determinar el impacto que el uso de éstas tiene en la calidad del software en una aplicación desarrollada para Android y iOS desde el punto de vista de la administración del proyecto. Método: Se recopilaron tiquetes registrados en el sistema de administración de proyectos durante más de dos años para cada aplicación. Posteriormente, se realizaron mediciones de los datos, las cuales permitieron identificar de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa si la calidad del software desarrollado se vio influenciada por la plataforma de desarrollo. Resultados: El caso de estudio presenta como resultado principal que en la aplicación desarrollada en iOS se percibe una calidad menor que en Android. Además llama la atención la diferencia en la cantidad de defectos con severidad Major entre las plataformas. Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió realizar la evaluación de calidad de dos versiones de una aplicación móvil, sin embargo sus resultados no pueden ser generalizados por lo que se recomienda extender el estudio a más aplicaciones y más compañías, así como realizar una investigación para determinar las causas asignables de los resultados obtenidos.
Effects of different odours on the reproductive success of Mus musculus as an alternative method of control.

BACKGROUND The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a cosmopolitan rodent that has become adapted to living in close association with humans and is considered a serious pest because it poses a risk to human health, and causes economic losses due to food and crop consumption and damage to buildings. Its control in livestock farms is achieved mainly through the application of anticoagulant rodenticides, but the effect of these compounds is limited due to the presence of resistant individuals and aversive behaviours. A potential alternative method is the use of chemical signals to reduce rodent reproductive success. In this study, we assessed the effects of odours from an unfamiliar male, 17β-oestradiol, overcrowding, cat urine and 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) on the reproductive success of laboratory Mus musculus females. RESULTS According to the generalized linear mixed models, cat urine odour increased the proportion of abortions per female, unfamiliar male odour decreased the mean number of offspring born per female, and TMT had an overall negative effect on mean offspring production at birth and at weaning. The other odours had no significant effects on reproductive success. CONCLUSIONS TMT seems to be the best candidate for population control because it caused a decrease in the mean number of offspring born and the mean number of live offspring at weaning. TMT also has the advantage of being available in commercial forms. To be useful for rodent management in field conditions, these results should be confirmed using wild house mice females. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prospects of Photonic Crystal Fiber as Physical Sensor: An Overview

Photonic crystal fiber sensors have potential application in environmental monitoring, industry, biomedicine, food preservation, and many more. These sensors work based on advanced and flexible phototonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures, controlled light propagation for the measurement of amplitude, phase, polarization and wavelength of spectrum, and PCF-incorporated interferometry techniques. In this article various PCF-based physical sensors are summarized with the advancement of time based on reported works. Some physical PCF sensors are discussed based on solid core as well as hollow core structures, dual core fibers, liquid infiltrated structures, metal coated fibers, grating incorporated fibers. With the advancement of sensing technology the possibilities of temperature, pressure, strain, twist, curvature, electromagnetic field, and refractive index sensing are discussed. Also, limitations as well as possible solutions and future hopes are outlined.
Bio‐Inspired, Self‐Toughening Polymers Enabled by Plasticizer‐Releasing Microcapsules

A new concept for the design of self‐toughening thermoplastic polymers is presented. The approach involves the incorporation of plasticizer‐filled microcapsules (MCs) in an intrinsically rigid and brittle matrix polymer. The intriguing adaptability that this simple tactic enables is demonstrated with composites composed of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix and 5–20% w/w poly(urea‐formaldehyde) (PUF) MCs that contained hexyl acetate as plasticizer. At low strain (<1.5%), the glassy PLA/MC composites remain rigid, although the intact MCs reduce the Young's modulus and tensile strength by up to 50%. While the neat PLA shows brittle failure at a strain of around 2.5%, the composites yield in this regime, because the MCs rupture and release their plasticizing cargo. This effect leads up to 25‐fold increase of the elongation at break and 20‐fold increase of the toughness vis‐à‐vis the neat PLA, while the impact on modulus and ultimate stress is much smaller. Ballistic impact tests show that the self‐toughening mechanism also works at much higher strain rates than applied in tensile tests and the operating mechanism is corroborated through systematic thermomechanical studies that involved dynamic mechanical testing and thermal analysis.
Physical Interactions Strengthen Chemical Gelatin Methacryloyl Gels

Chemically cross-linkable gelatin methacryloyl (GM) derivatives are getting increasing attention regarding biomedical applications. Thus, thorough investigations are needed to achieve full understanding and control of the physico-chemical behavior of these promising biomaterials. We previously introduced gelatin methacryloyl acetyl (GMA) derivatives, which can be used to control physical network formation (solution viscosity, sol-gel transition) independently from chemical cross-linking by variation of the methacryloyl-to-acetyl ratio. It is known that temperature dependent physical network formation significantly influences the mechanical properties of chemically cross-linked GM hydrogels. We investigated the temperature sensitivity of GM derivatives with different degrees of modification (GM2, GM10), or similar degrees of modification but different methacryloyl contents (GM10, GM2A8). Rheological analysis showed that the low modified GM2 forms strong physical gels upon cooling while GM10 and GM2A8 form soft or no gels. Yet, compression testing revealed that all photo cross-linked GM(A) hydrogels were stronger if cooling was applied during hydrogel preparation. We suggest that the hydrophobic methacryloyl and acetyl residues disturb triple helix formation with increasing degree of modification, but additionally form hydrophobic structures, which facilitate chemical cross-linking.
Micro-scale to Mesoscale Analysis of Parenchymal Tethering : The Effect of 1 Heterogeneous Alveolar Pressures on the Pulmonary Mechanics of Compliant Airways 2 3

1 Heterogeneous Alveolar Pressures on the Pulmonary Mechanics of Compliant Airways 2 3 Jason Ryans1, Hideki Fujioka2, Donald P. Gaver1 4 5 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA 6 2Technology Services and Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, 7 LA, USA 8 9 Correspondence: Donald P. Gaver 10 (E) dpg@tulane.edu 11 (T) 504-865-5150 12 534 Lindy Boggs 13 Department of Biomedical Engineering 14 Tulane University 15 New Orleans, LA 70118 16
Progress in research on brain development and function of mice during weaning.

Lactation is a critical phase for brain function development. New dietary experiences of mouse caused by weaning can regulate brain development and function, increase their response to food and environment，eventually give rise to corresponding behavioral changes. Changes in weaning time induce the alteration of brain tissues morphology and molecular characteristics, glial cell activity and behaviors in the offspring. In addition, it is also sensitive to the intervention of environment and drug during this period. That's to say, the study focused on brain development and function based on mouse weaning is critical to demonstrate the underlying pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases and find new drug targets. This article mainly focuses on the developmental differentiation of the brain during lactation, especially during weaning in mice.
Pleiotropic Effects of PPARD Accelerate Colorectal Tumorigenesis, Progression, and Invasion.

APC mutations activate aberrant β-catenin signaling to drive initiation of colorectal cancer; however, colorectal cancer progression requires additional molecular mechanisms. PPAR-delta (PPARD), a downstream target of β-catenin, is upregulated in colorectal cancer. However, promotion of intestinal tumorigenesis following deletion of PPARD in Apcmin mice has raised questions about the effects of PPARD on aberrant β-catenin activation and colorectal cancer. In this study, we used mouse models of PPARD overexpression or deletion combined with APC mutation (ApcΔ580 ) in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) to elucidate the contributions of PPARD in colorectal cancer. Overexpression or deletion of PPARD in IEC augmented or suppressed β-catenin activation via up- or downregulation of BMP7/TAK1 signaling and strongly promoted or suppressed colorectal cancer, respectively. Depletion of PPARD in human colorectal cancer organoid cells inhibited BMP7/β-catenin signaling and suppressed organoid self-renewal. Treatment with PPARD agonist GW501516 enhanced colorectal cancer tumorigenesis in ApcΔ580 mice, whereas treatment with PPARD antagonist GSK3787 suppressed tumorigenesis. PPARD expression was significantly higher in human colorectal cancer-invasive fronts versus their paired tumor centers and adenomas. Reverse-phase protein microarray and validation studies identified PPARD-mediated upregulation of other proinvasive pathways: connexin 43, PDGFRβ, AKT1, EIF4G1, and CDK1. Our data demonstrate that PPARD strongly potentiates multiple tumorigenic pathways to promote colorectal cancer progression and invasiveness. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings address long-standing, important, and unresolved questions related to the potential role of PPARD in APC mutation-dependent colorectal tumorigenesis by showing PPARD activation enhances APC mutation-dependent tumorigenesis.
Usage patterns of emergency medical services in Korea: analysis of patient flow

Background: This study used the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) data to analyze the flow of emergency and critical emergency patients and to identify the patterns of emergency medical service usage in Korea. Methods: The relevance index (RI) and commitment index (CI) were calculated from the 2016 NEDIS data. In this study, the number of clusters was determined using NbClust, and cluster analysis was used to analyze the usage patterns of emergency and critical emergency patients. Results: The RI and CI were calculated using 8,389,766 cases of 214 districts. The results of the RI and CI suggested that there were 3 types of clusters among the emergency patients. In Cluster 1, 54 districts (25.2%) had low RI and high CI, and it was of outflow type. Cluster 2 was categorized as the influx-type in 58 districts (27.1%) irrespective of RI and low CI. Cluster 3 was categorized as the self-sufficient type found in 102 districts (47.7%), with high RI and high CI. The cluster analysis of the critical emergency patients was divided into 2 types. Cluster 1 was categorized as outflow type with high CI found in 129 districts (60.3%), while Cluster 2 was categorized as inflow type with low CI found in 85 districts (39.7%). Conclusions: This study elucidates the regional status of usage patterns of emergency and critical emergency patients in Korea. This study might serve as a basis for the establishment and selection of emergency medical service areas and vulnerable emergency medical service areas.
His-Optimized Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy to Maximize Electrical Resynchronization: A Feasibility Study

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established therapy for patients with cardiomyopathy, left bundle branch block, and heart failure. His bundle pacing (HBP) may also improve clinical outcomes by narrowing QRS duration. The QRS narrowing by HBP may not always be optimal. The aim of the study was to determine if CRT could be optimized by sequential HBP followed by left ventricular (LV) pacing (His-Optimized CRT [HOT-CRT]) to maximize electrical resynchronization. Methods: We attempted permanent HBP in 27 patients (left bundle branch block 17, intraventricular conduction defect 5, and right ventricular pacing 5) referred for CRT in addition to LV lead. HBP was followed by LV pacing at a delay equal to His-ventricular interval. QRS duration at baseline, during HBP, biventricular pacing, and HOT-CRT was measured. Echocardiographic parameters and New York Heart Association functional class were assessed at baseline and during follow-up. Results: HOT-CRT was successful in 25 of 27 patients (age 72±15 years, men 23, ischemic 21). QRS duration at baseline was 183±27 ms and significantly narrowed to 162±17 ms with biventricular pacing (P=0.003), to 151±24 ms during HBP (P<0.0001), and further to 120±16 ms during HOT-CRT (P<0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 14±10 months, LV ejection fraction improved from 24±7% to 38±10% (P<0.0001), and New York Heart Association functional class changed from 3.3 to 2.04. Twenty-one of 25 patients (84%) were clinical responders while 23 of 25 (92%) showed echocardiographic response. Conclusions: In this feasibility cohort, HOT-CRT resulted in improved electrical resynchronization. HOT-CRT may improve clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in advanced heart failure patients requiring CRT.
Social Desirability and Young Men’s Self-Reports of Penis Size

Abstract Previous studies demonstrate that many men have insecurities about the size of their penises, often resulting in low sexual self-esteem and sexual problems. In the present study, mean self-reported erect penis length by 130 sexually experienced college men (6.62 inches) was greater than found in previous studies in which researchers took measurements. This suggests that many of the men embellished their responses. Only 26.9% of the sexually experienced men self-reported penis lengths of less than 6 inches, while 30.8% self-reported lengths of 7 inches or more (with 10% self-reporting 8 inches or more). The correlation with Marlowe–Crowne social desirability scores was +. 257 (p < .01), indicating that men with a high level of social desirability were more likely than others to self-report having a large penis.
Progressive cone and cone-rod dystrophies: clinical features, molecular genetics and prospects for therapy

Progressive cone and cone-rod dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases characterised by cone photoreceptor degeneration, which may be followed by subsequent rod photoreceptor loss. These disorders typically present with progressive loss of central vision, colour vision disturbance and photophobia. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the molecular genetics and genotype–phenotype correlations associated with these dystrophies, with mutations in at least 30 genes implicated in this group of disorders. We discuss the genetics, and clinical, psychophysical, electrophysiological and retinal imaging characteristics of cone and cone-rod dystrophies, focusing particularly on four of the most common disease-associated genes: GUCA1A, PRPH2, ABCA4 and RPGR. Additionally, we briefly review the current management of these disorders and the prospects for novel therapies.
Quercetin and Related Chromenone Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Targeting Neurological and Mental Disorders

Monoamine oxidase inhibitions are considered as important targets for the treatment of depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. This has encouraged many medicinal chemistry research groups for the development of most promising selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. A large number of plant isolates also reported for significant MAO inhibition potential in recent years. Differently substituted flavonoids have been prepared and investigated as MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. Flavonoid scaffold showed notable antidepressant and neuroprotective properties as revealed by various and established preclinical trials. The current review made an attempt to summarizing and critically evaluating the new findings on the quercetin and related flavonoid derivatives functions as potent MAO isoform inhibitors.
Biochemical Differences in Cerebrospinal Fluid between Secondary Progressive and Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

To better understand the pathophysiological differences between secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and to identify potential biomarkers of disease progression, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to investigate the metabolome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The biochemical differences were determined using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and connected to biochemical pathways as well as associated to clinical and radiological measures. Tryptophan metabolism was significantly altered, with perturbed levels of kynurenate, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, and N-acetylserotonin in SPMS patients compared with RRMS and controls. SPMS patients had altered kynurenine compared with RRMS patients, and altered indole-3-acetate compared with controls. Regarding the pyrimidine metabolism, SPMS patients had altered levels of uridine and deoxyuridine compared with RRMS and controls, and altered thymine and glutamine compared with RRMS patients. Metabolites from the pyrimidine metabolism were significantly associated with disability, disease activity and brain atrophy, making them of particular interest for understanding the disease mechanisms and as markers of disease progression. Overall, these findings are of importance for the characterization of the molecular pathogenesis of SPMS and support the hypothesis that the CSF metabolome may be used to explore changes that occur in the transition between the RRMS and SPMS pathologies.
Can the Efficacy of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in Clinical Oncology Be Enhanced by Screening Biomolecular Profiles?

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality widely used in clinical oncology. Over the years the sensitivity and specificity of PET has improved with the advent of specific radiotracers, increased technical accuracy of PET scanners and incremental experience of Radiologists. However, significant limitations exist—most notably false positives and false negatives. Additionally, the accuracy of PET varies between cancer types and in some cancers, is no longer considered a standard imaging modality. This review considers the relative influence of macroscopic tumour features such as size and morphology on 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake by tumours which, though well described in the literature, lacks a comprehensive assessment of biomolecular features which may influence [18F]FDG uptake. The review aims to discuss the potential influence of individual molecular markers of glucose transport, glycolysis, hypoxia and angiogenesis in addition to the relationships between these key cellular processes and their influence on [18F]FDG uptake. Finally, the potential role for biomolecular profiling of individual tumours to predict positivity on PET imaging is discussed to enhance accuracy and clinical utility.
Revolution and Evolution in Art

The word ‘revolution’ is often misused in connection with contemporary music. Every composer who writes some kind of new music is called a revolutionary musician by many people. Let us now examine the exact meaning of revolution. According to dictionaries, the term denotes reversal of conditions, fundamental change. In other words, it is a destruction of all that existed before and a beginning anew, a start from nothing.
Détection indirecte de matière noire : des galaxies naines sphéroïdes en photons gamma à la recherche d'anti-hélium avec l'expérience AMS-02

De nombreuses observations astrophysiques indiquent l'existence de grandes quantites de masse manquante dans l'Univers, et ce de l'echelle galactique a l'echelle cosmologique. Decouvrir la nature de cette masse invisible constitue le probleme de la matiere noire, qui apparait comme l'un des enjeux majeurs de la physique moderne. Cette these s'inscrit dans le contexte de la detection indirecte de matiere noire. Cette derniere serait composee de nouvelles particules elementaires, dont les produits d'annihilation pourraient etre observes dans le rayonnement cosmique. Nous etudions dans ce travail deux des canaux de recherche les plus prometteurs : les photons gamma et les anti-noyaux.Les objets astrophysiques permettant de placer les meilleures contraintes actuelles en rayons gamma sont les galaxies naines spheroides (dSphs) de la Voie Lactee. La premiere partie de notre travail a ete consacree a contraindre les facteurs J d'annihilation de ces objets, qui quantifient l'amplitude des flux gamma attendus. Nous avons pour cela mis au point une configuration optimisee d'analyse de Jeans, pour reconstruire les profils de densite de matiere noire et leurs incertitudes a l'aide des donnees cinematiques stellaires. Notre configuration a ete obtenue a l'aide de tests systematiques sur de tres nombreuses dSphs simulees, et nous l'avons appliquee a vingt-trois dSphs de la Voie Lactee. La seconde partie de notre travail a consiste a mener une recherche de noyaux d'anti-helium dans les donnees collectees par l'experience AMS-02 sur la Station Spatiale Internationale. Nous avons pour cela mis au point une classification par arbres de decision boostes, et notre analyse preliminaire a permis d'obtenir les meilleures contraintes actuelles sur les rapports anti-helium sur helium.