Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and affinity among eight ethnic populations of Eastern India: Based on 22 polymorphic DNA loci

The nature and extent of genetic variation at 22 polymorphic DNA loci, belonging to three distinct classes, especially, 12 STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, HPRTB, F13B, LPL), four VNTR loci (D1S7, D4S139, D5S110, D17S79), and six coding loci (HLDQA1, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC) were investigated among eight population groups of West Bengal and Manipur regions of India. Of these, two groups from West Bengal belong to Caucasoid and six (one in WB and five in Manipur) belong to Mongoloid stock. Both STR and the expressed loci show wide diversity among the eight populations. For example, Manipur Muslims show differences in allele frequency when compared to four other regional populations. Similarly, Garo, one of the Mongoloid populations of West Bengal, differ in allele frequency from their counterparts in the Manipur region. Departure from Hardy‐Weinberg expectations was observed at certain loci in a few populations (e.g., D21S1137 in Kayastha and Brahmin, HUM F13B in Meitei). Heterozygosity values were higher for Caucasoid than Mongoloid groups. The overall gene differentiation (GST) for STR loci is higher (5.3%) than for those at the expressed region (4.6%). The clustering pattern of the eight populations differs with respect to different classes of genetic markers used. The dendrograms based on six coding loci (HLDQA1, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC) differs from those based on STR and VNTR markers. Caucasoid and Mongoloid groups form different clusters and Manipur Muslims are distinct from others. The clustering pattern corresponded with the spatial and ethnic affiliations of the populations. Using different classes of DNA loci at the coding and noncoding region will help to better understand the influence of population structure variables on the genetic structure of populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:311–327, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Attempted Ballistic Training on the Force and Speed of Movements

Athletes in sports requiring explosive movements might benefit from a unique form of training in which a limb is restrained while the athlete attempts ballistic (explosive) movements. We investigated the effects of such ballistic training and conventional resistance training on force and speed of front kicks, side kicks, and palm strikes of martial artists. We assigned subjects randomly to an experimental group (n = 13) or a control (normal martial art training) group (n = 9). Conventional resistance training produced a gain of 12% (95% likely limits ± 13%) in front kick force relative to the control group. Overall ballistic training and conventional resistance training decreased side kick force by 15% (±14%), but movement speeds increased by 11–21% (±13–17%). Responses to ballistic training were generally more marked in more highly skilled athletes. Attempted ballistic training may be a beneficial adjunct to resistance training for skilled athletes in sports where speed rather than force is critical.
Including all individuals is not enough: Lessons for intention-to-treat analysis

Background Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis requires all randomised individuals to be included in the analysis in the groups to which they were randomised. However, there is confusion about how ITT analysis should be performed in the presence of missing outcome data. Purposes To explain, justify, and illustrate an ITT analysis strategy for randomised trials with incomplete outcome data. Methods We consider several methods of analysis and compare their underlying assumptions, plausibility, and numbers of individuals included. We illustrate the ITT analysis strategy using data from the UK700 trial in the management of severe mental illness. Results Depending on the assumptions made about the missing data, some methods of analysis that include all randomised individuals may be less valid than methods that do not include all randomised individuals. Furthermore, some methods of analysis that include all randomised individuals are essentially equivalent to methods that do not include all randomised individuals. Limitations This work assumes that the aim of analysis is to obtain an accurate estimate of the difference in outcome between randomised groups and not to obtain a conservative estimate with bias against the experimental intervention. Conclusions Clinical trials should employ an ITT analysis strategy, comprising a design that attempts to follow up all randomised individuals, a main analysis that is valid under a stated plausible assumption about the missing data, and sensitivity analyses that include all randomised individuals in order to explore the impact of departures from the assumption underlying the main analysis. Following this strategy recognises the extra uncertainty arising from missing outcomes and increases the incentive for researchers to minimise the extent of missing data.
Last Exit to Differentiation: Histone Variants as Signposts[OPEN]

After decades as wallflowers, histones have come into the limelight in recent years. Long overlooked as mainly structural proteins, the myriad posttranslational modifications of histones are now recognized as important epigenetic marks, and the existence of variant forms of histones H1, H2A, H2B,
Is There a Poverty Trap in the Rural Sector in Colombia? (Existe Una Trampa De Pobreza En El Sector Rural En Colombia?)

A diferencia de la generalidad de trabajos sobre la pobreza rural en Colombia, este estudio emplea un enfoque de activos para indagar acerca de los determinantes de la pobreza rural. En particular se examinan la existencia de no convexidades locales en el proceso de generacion de ingresos, el grado de concentracion de los hogares en ciertos rangos de acumulacion de activos y la presencia de retornos marginales diferenciados a los activos. Con base en esto se proporciona evidencia prima facie acerca de la existencia de una trampa de pobreza en el sector rural, abriendo una linea promisoria de investigacion sobre el tema, que puede contribuir de forma importante a su comprension y a un mejor diseno de politica social y sectorial. ****************************************************************************************************************Unlike most work on rural poverty in Colombia, in this study we make use of an asset based approach for inquiring about the determinants of rural poverty. In particular, we examine the presence of local non convexities in the income generating process, the degree of concentration of rural households around certain asset accumulation ranges, and the presence of differentiated marginal returns to assets. With this, we provide prima facie evidence on the existence of a poverty trap in the Colombian rural sector, opening a promising research theme on the issue of rural poverty in the country that may importantly contribute toward its better understanding and to a better informed social and sectoral policy design.
Parental stress predicts functional outcome in pediatric cancer survivors

Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for long‐term neurocognitive and psychosocial morbidities. Research has seldom examined the relationship between these morbidities; thus, little empirical evidence exists concerning overall salience and how morbidities converge to impair day‐to‐day functioning. An increased understanding of functional impairment resulting from the pediatric cancer experience can inform early risk identification as well as sources for intervention. The purpose of this study was to characterize the frequency/severity of functional impairment and identify significant neurocognitive and psychosocial determinants of functional impairment.
Optimal photovoltaic array reconfiguration to maximize power production under partial shading

Partial shading of a photovoltaic array is the condition under which different parts of the array experience different irradiance levels due to shading. The difference in irradiance levels causes mismatch between the modules of the photovoltaic array, leading to undesirable effects such as reduction in generated power from the modules of the array and hot spots inside the array. The severity of these effects can be considerably reduced by dynamic reconfiguration of the array. This paper proposes a mathematical formulation for the optimal photovoltaic array reconfiguration problem and finds a solution algorithm for the problem. The improvement resulting from the reconfiguration with respect to the existing photovoltaic interconnections is demonstrated by extensive simulation results.
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome.

To the Editor. — The article, "Clinical Syndrome of Chemotaxis Defect, Infections, and Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E" by Drs Wyre and Johnson, which appeared in the January 1978Archives(114:74-77), is spotted with minor flaws that deserve some comments. First, as Drs Wyre and Johnson indicate, the lesions of the face look much more like severe acne than eczematous dermatitis as described by pediatricians; in fact, we have also found that the facial dermatitis of the hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome is more pustular than eczematous. The authors do not stress this point at all, though it is of paramount importance for dermatologists. Furthermore, Drs Wyre and Johnson do not emphasize the presence (actually difficult to define in blacks) of the broad nasal bridge, which is claimed to be a common feature of this "not unusual" syndrome. The blood level of IgA is exceedingly high and should be discussed. This finding is particularly interesting since
ON A STOPPING TIME ALGORITHM OF THE 3n + 1 FUNCTION

The behaviour of a Collatz sequence is clearly related to the way in which the powers of 2 are distributed among the powers of 3 in a stopping time term formula. It is shown, that the seemingly chaotically distribution of the powers of 2 can be generated by an iterative algorithm (conjecture), which also allows an insight into the properties of the number log23. From Chapter 3 we are interested in only the odd starting numbers of the Collatz function. Chapter 1. – 3. of the this text are based on a text by Lynn E. Garner [1].
Las economías regionales como activos relacionales

En los ultimos anos, la economia regional ha experimentado el surgimiento de un paradigma heterodoxo, que implica lo que podriamos llamar una nueva "santisima trinidad": tecnologias-organizaciones-territorios. El autor plantea que es preciso llenar de contenido el analisis de estos tres componentes. Para ello, es necesario superar la metafora de los sistemas economicos como maquinas, con inputs y outputs solidos, cuya fisica y geometria puede comprenderse de forma total y determinada. Este enfasis en la mecanica del desarrollo regional debe ahora complementarse con otro enfoque, en el que la metafora dominante sea la de la economia como relaciones, el proceso economico como conversacion y coordinacion, los agentes del proceso no como factores sino como actores humanos reflexivos, y la naturaleza de la acumulacion economica no solo como activos materiales, sino como activos relacionales. En este sentido, la economia regional en particular, y las economias territoriales integradas en general, son redefinidas aqui como stocks de activos relacionales.
Search Term Relevance Weighting given Little Relevance Information

Previous experiments demonstrated the value of relevance weighting for search terms, but relied on substantial relevance information for the terms. The present experiments were designed to study the effects of weights based on very limited relevance information, for example supplied by one or two relevant documents. The tests simulated iterative searching, as in an on‐line system, and show that even very little relevance information can be of considerable value.
SifA, a Type III Secreted Effector of Salmonella typhimurium, Directs Salmonella‐Induced Filament (Sif) Formation Along Microtubules

A unique feature of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is its ability to enter into (invade) epithelial cells and elongate the vacuole it occupies into tubular structures called Salmonella‐induced filaments (Sifs). This phenotype is dependent on SifA, a Salmonella virulence factor that requires the SPI‐2‐encoded type III secretion system for delivery into host cells. Previous attempts to study SifA and other type III secreted proteins have been limited by a lack of suitable reagents. We examined SifA function by expressing SifA with two internal hemagglutinin epitope tags. By employing subcellular fractionation techniques, we determined that translocated SifA was membrane associated in infected HeLa cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that SifA associated with the Salmonella vacuole and with Sifs. Our analysis also revealed that microtubules serve as a scaffold for Sifs, and that SifA colocalizes with microtubules at sites of interaction between lysosomal glycoprotein‐containing vesicles and Sifs. Treatment with the microtubule inhibitor nocodazole blocked Sif formation but did not prevent SifA translocation into the Salmonella vacuole. While polymerized actin has been observed on Sifs, this phenotype was transient and did not play a role in promoting or maintaining Sif formation. Our findings demonstrate the essential role of microtubule dynamics in the formation of Sifs and the utility of this epitope tagging strategy for the study of bacterial type III secreted proteins.
Families and Networks of Internet Memes: The Relationship Between Cohesiveness, Uniqueness, and Quiddity Concreteness

This study employs a large-scale quantitative analysis to reveal structural patterns of internet memes, focusing on 2 forces that bind them together: the quiddities of each meme family and the generic attributes of the broader memetic sphere. Using content and network analysis of 1013 meme instances including videos, images, and text, we explore memes' prevalent quiddity types and generic features, and the ways in which they relate to each other. Our findings show that a higher cohesiveness of meme families is associated with a greater uniqueness of their generic attributes; and b the concreteness of meme quiddities is associated with cohesiveness and uniqueness. We discuss the implications of these findings to the understanding of internet memes and participatory culture.
Achieving subclutter visibility using estimation of clutter intensity and phase shift

This paper presents a new method for detection of a weak, near zero-Doppler signal against a clutter for a pulse-Doppler radar. The proposed detector exploits clutter traits i.e. limited span of an intensity and a phase shift. An estimation of distributions of these parameters allows distinguishing a clutter alone and a useful signal against the clutter. Performed simulations revealed that a significant improvement of the probability of detection is achieved for comparable signal and clutter intensities compared to conventional method of detection.
NCAM‐180 knockout mice display increased lateral ventricle size and reduced prepulse inhibition of startle

NCAM-180 knockout mice, which have documented deficits in neural migration, were used to determine whether developmental abnormalities could lead to morphological changes and alterations in sensory motor gating mechanisms. Measurement of the lateral ventricle showed that NCAM-180−/− mice had marked increases in both the left and right anterior horns of the lateral ventricle. Furthermore, these mice also displayed a reduction of prepulse inhibition that was differentially affected by the dopamine agonist apomorphine. These results are discussed in light of the known increase in lateral ventricle size and reduction in prepulse inhibition that are seen in schizophrenia.
El valor de tener muchas citas

RENERLaboratorio Ecotono, CRUB-UNCOma. INIBIOMA, CONICET. Bariloche, Argentina. “Es gracioso imaginarse a los musicos evaluados como actualmente lo somos los cientificos. Una comision de expertos contaria el numero de canciones compuestas y evaluarian su calidad de acuerdo a la estacion de radio adonde las pasan (estaciones, a su vez, valoradas por cuanta audiencia poseen) y por la cantidad de veces que la cancion es reproducida. Rapidamente, este sistema veria progresar a aquellos autores de musica mas comercial por sobre aquellos compositores de otra clase de musica. Lo que no es gracioso es que en el mundo real de la ciencia, los criterios dominantes y poco confiables de evaluacion (como indices de impacto y numero de citas de un articulo) estan dominando las mentes, deformando comportamientos y determinando carreras”. Peter Lawrence (2007)[Palabras clave: evaluacion academica, calidad de un manuscrito, factor de impacto][Keywords: academic evaluation, manuscript quality, impact factor]
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of papillary thyroid cancer surveillance

The recent overdiagnosis of subclinical, low‐risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) coincides with a growing national interest in cost‐effective health care practices. The aim of this study was to measure the relative cost‐effectiveness of disease surveillance of low‐risk PTC patients versus intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients in accordance with American Thyroid Association risk categories.
Generation and Characterization of Endonuclease G Null Mice

ABSTRACT Endonuclease G (endo G) is one of the most abundant nucleases in eukaryotic cells. It is encoded in the nucleus and imported to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. This nuclease is active on single- and double-stranded DNA. We genetically disrupted the endo G gene in mice without disturbing a conserved, overlapping gene of unknown function that is oriented tail to tail with the endo G gene. In these mice, the production of endo G protein is not detected, and the disruption abolishes the nuclease activity of endo G. The absence of endo G has no effect on mitochondrial DNA copy number, structure, or mutation rate over the first five generations. There is also no obvious effect on nuclear DNA degradation in standard apoptosis assays. The endo G null mice are viable and show no age-related or generational abnormalities anatomically or histologically. We infer that this highly conserved protein has no mitochondrial or apoptosis function that can discerned by the assays described here and that it may have a function yet to be determined. The early embryonic lethality of endo G null mice recently reported by others may be due to the disruption of the gene that overlaps the endo G gene.
Genome‐wide transcriptome analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

Objectives: Coincident with their worldwide use, resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli has increased. To identify the gene expression profiles underlying fluoroquinolone resistance, we carried out genome‐wide transcriptome analysis of fluoroquinolone‐sensitive E. coli.
Decision trees for mining data streams

In this paper we study the problem of constructing accurate decision tree models from data streams. Data streams are incremental tasks that require incremental, online, and any-time learning algorithms. One of the most successful algorithms for mining data streams is VFDT. We have extended VFDT in three directions: the ability to deal with continuous data; the use of more powerful classification techniques at tree leaves, and the ability to detect and react to concept drift. VFDTc system can incorporate and classify new information online, with a single scan of the data, in time constant per example. The most relevant property of our system is the ability to obtain a performance similar to a standard decision tree algorithm even for medium size datasets. This is relevant due to the any-time property. We also extend VFDTc with the ability to deal with concept drift, by continuously monitoring differences between two class-distribution of the examples: the distribution when a node was built and the distribution in a time window of the most recent examples. We study the sensitivity of VFDTc with respect to drift, noise, the order of examples, and the initial parameters in different problems and demonstrate its utility in large and medium data sets.
Temporal organization and hypnotic amnesia using a modification of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility.

Abstract The Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (Shor & E. Orne, 1962) was modified to permit better assessment of amnesia and changes in temporal organization during amnesia. First, a baseline measure of recall was obtained before administration of the amnesia suggestion. Second, on the recall trial following cancellation of the suggestion, Ss recalled everything they could remember. Amnesia was assessed by comparing recall during the suggestion with recall before it and after it was cancelled. Temporal organization was assessed by correlating the order of item administration with Ss' recall orders. Hypnotic susceptibility and amnesia were independently related to temporal organization. Overall, high hypnotizable Ss organized less than medium or low hypnotizables, and amnesics showed less temporal organization than nonamnesics, but neither of these variables interacted with recall trial. The results are discussed in terms of recent theories of hypnotic amnesia.
Stress and burnout among multidisciplinary residents.

OBJECTIVE To identify associations between high-stress and burnout syndrome in multidisciplinary residents from a federal university in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHOD This is an analytical, cross-sectional and quantitative study. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Work Stress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were applied to 37 residents between April and June 2011. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS We verified that 48.65% of the residents experienced high-stress. When associating the MBI-HSS subscales, we verified that 27% of the residents showed some indication of burnout syndrome. There was a statistically significant correlation (p=0.00, r=0.68) between a high-stress and burnout. CONCLUSIONS High-stress was confirmed as being a predictor of burnout syndrome among multidisciplinary residents. Therefore, we propose that intervention studies be conducted in order to change such contexts.
A Generalized Central Limit Theorem with Applications to Econometrics and Finance

We describe a new framework of a sublinear expectation space and the related notions and results of distributions, independence. A new notion of G-distributions is introduced which generalizes our G-normal-distribution in the sense that mean-uncertainty can be also described. W present our new result of central limit theorem under sublinear expectation. This theorem can be also regarded as a generalization of the law of large number in the case of mean-uncertainty.