Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metin Madenciliği Kullanılarak Yazılım Kullanımına Dair Bulguların Elde Edilmesi

Özet. Yazılım teknolojileri hızla ilerlemekte ve buna paralel olarak hem kamu alanında hem de özel sektörde gerçekleştirilen yazılım projelerinin sayısı artmaktadır. Yazılım otomasyon projelerinden elde edilen en büyük çıktılardan birisi kuşkusuz ki üretilen verilerdir. Yüksek boyutlu, anlaşılması güç bu verilerin işlenerek, daha anlamlı ve yönlendirici verilere dönüştürülmesi önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Elde edilen veriler, veri ve metin madenciliği teknikleri işe analiz edilebilmektedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre mevcut yazılım sistemlerinin daha kullanışlı hale gelmesi sağlanabilir. Bu çalışmada, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi (CBU) tarafından kullanılan Üniversite Bilgi Sisteminin (UBS) yazılım otomasyonu ele alınmıştır. Veri kaynağı olarak, öğrencilerin UBS sistemi aracılığı ile dönemsel ders kayıtlanmalarını yaparken ortaya çıkan sorunları danışman hocalarına bildirmek için kullandıkları mesajlaşma modülünden faydalanılmıştır. Her bir öğrenciye ve danışmana ait toplam 110,192 adet mesaj, metin madenciliği teknikleri (kelimelerin birlikte geçme durumları, K-means kümeleme algoritması) kullanılarak anlamlı hale getirilmiş ve kayıtlanma dönemlerinde en çok hangi sorunlarla karşılaşıldığı çıkarımı yapılarak alınabilecek önlemler tartışılmıştır.
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Decreased Cachexia, Macrophage Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production, and Modifies Splenocyte Cytokines Production1

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on macrophage functions were studied in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. In RAW macrophage cell line, CLA (mixed isomers) was shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharlde (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. Two CLA isomers, c9,t11 and t10,c12, were tested on RAW cells and it was found that the c9,t11 was the isomer responsible for the inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α production. BALB/c mice were used to determine the effect of dietary CLA on body weight wasting and feed intake after LPS injection. CLA was protective against LPS-induced body weight wasting and anorexia. Plasma TNF-α levels after LPS injection were lower in the CLA group compared with the corn oil-fed control group 2 hr post-LPS injection. In a separate experiment, 30 mice were fed a CLA-supplemented diet or a corn oil-supplemented diet for 6 weeks and peritoneal resident macrophages were obtained for measuring TNF-α and nitric oxide production after in vitro exposure to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and/or LPS. TNF-α production was not found to be different in peritoneal macrophages from mice fed the dietary treatments, but less nitric oxide was produced in macrophages from CLA-fed mice upon stimulation when compared with macrophages from control-fed mice. Spienocytes were also collected from the mice fed the dietary treatments and stimulated to produce cytokines in culture. Supernatant was used to run cytokine enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assays. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) was decreased in CLA-fed mice when splenocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) for 44 hr; however, IL-2 and the IL-2-to-IL-4 ratio were elevated.
Economics of Payment Cards

This article summarizes the literature on two-sided payment card markets. The general conclusion is that interchange fees can help internalize the complementarity between services on both sides of the market but private platforms set too high interchange fees from a social Welfare perspective. Private platforms' price structure is distored in favor of buyers for several reasons: asymmetric choices between buyers and merchants, merchant internalization and/or platform competition. Furthermore, market power of platforms leads to higher total user prices similar to the case of one-sided markets. Platform competition can help to correct for such market Power distortions but may exacerbate the price structure distortions. It is shown that full eciency in the industry cannot be achieved through regulating the interchange fee. This is because the interchange fee a ects only the allocation of the total user price between buyers and sellers. The rst-best eciency also requires a lower total price level due to positive externalities between the two sides. A measure to test whether interchange fees are excessive has been proposed but this measure may be imperfect.
In vivo Evaluation of Zirconia Abutments in Implant supported Restorations in Partially Edentulous Patients

Dental implants have been a universally accepted option for prosthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients. Titanium implants abutments exhibit a dull grayish hue and give an unnatural appearance. Abutments based on zirconia are one of the alternatives to titanium abutments. To date, few comparative studies have reported on esthetic and biological outcomes of implant-supported restorations with zirconia abutments. Purpose: To clinically evaluate the esthetic performance of zirconia abutments in implant-supported restorations. Materials and methods: A total of 24 anterior implant sites were chosen for the placement of implants. A delayed loading protocol was followed; 12 zirconia abutments were placed along with 12 titanium abutments in the contralateral sites. Biological and esthetic variables were recorded by a periodontist and prosthodontist. The patients were followed 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months postinsertion. Results: All the data for Copenhagen index score and visual analog scale scores were evaluated by the prosthodontist at follow-up appointments; the means were tabulated. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software utilizing paired t-test; p value was found to be significant for all parameters except distal papilla and symmetry, which showed p = 0.257 and p = 0.110 respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, esthetic performances of zirconia abutment in implant-supported restorations were determined to be higher than those values associated with titanium abutments.
Role of Genetics in Periodontal Diseases

heterogeneous group of pathologies that share common clinical signs and symptoms, chiefly inflammation and destruction of the periodontium and represent the main cause of tooth loss in developed countries with increasing prevalence. Although present in most populations, the risk for periodontal diseases is not uniform for all individuals. In periodontitis, the hostactivated inflammatory and immunological cascades, which result in the destruction of connective tissue and bone are under genetic control. Thus, it is now evident that there exists a genetic basis for periodontitis.
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ( IWSN ) : Design And Challenges

The objective of this research paper is to design and implement wireless sensor networks (WSN) for various monitoring & control applications in industry. In today’s competitive market the industries are facing growing demands to improve process efficiencies to comply with environmental regulations and meet corporate financial objectives. Therefore, the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for industrial automation and process control are becoming more prevalent. Mature industries such as oil and gas refineries, waste water treatment and delivery, electricity generation, natural gas distribution have migrated from wired to wireless control networks over the past decades. There are number of challenges in migrating from a wired to a wireless control network. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges in implementing WSN. The purpose is also to show how to evaluate some specific parameters of a WSN employed for industrial application to obtain useful information for its setup optimization in the presence of interference.
Long term effect of intravenous immunoglobulins and oral cyclophosphamide in multifocal motor neuropathy

Objectives—To report the long term effect of the combined treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and oral cyclophosphamide (CTX) in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy, and to determine whether the association of oral CTX in these patients may help to delay and, possibly, suspend IVIg infusions. METHODS Six patients with multifocal motor neuropathy responding to an initial course of IVIg (0.4 g/kg/day for five consecutive days) were followed up for 37 to 61 (mean 47) months. All patients were subsequently treated with periodic IVIg infusions (0.4 g/kg/day for two days at clinical worsening) and oral CTX (1-3 mg/kg/day). Improvement was assessed using the Rankin disability scale, a functional impairment scale for upper and lower limbs, and the MRC rating scale on the 20 most affected muscles. Electrophysiological and antiglycolipid antibody studies were performed before treatment, then yearly during follow up. RESULTS All patients improved during treatment and, by the end of follow up or before worsening after therapy suspension, the median Rankin (P=0.0335) and upper (P=0.0015) and lower limb (P=0.0301) impairment scores and the mean MRC (P=0.0561) score were improved. By that time the number of nerves with partial motor conduction block was reduced (P=0.0197) and antiglycolipid antibody titres had decreased in all but one patient. All patients required periodic IVIg infusions to maintain improvement but, after three to seven months of oral CTX, the interval between IVIg infusions could be progressively prolonged until, in three patients, both treatments could be stopped for up to two years before clinical worsening. The main complications, both related to oral CTX, were haemorrhagic cystitis in two patients and persistent amenorrhea in one patient. Conclusions—IVIg can induce and maintain improvement in multifocal motor neuropathy but does not eradicate the disease. Oral CTX may help to induce a sustained remission but it is not devoid of side effects and might therefore be reserved for patients with multifocal motor neuropathy who require frequent IVIg infusions to maintain improvement.
Sovereign Default Risk Assessment from the Bottom-Up

In 2010, the world’s focus on the global financial crisis shifted from financial markets and institutions to sovereign debt, especially in Europe. This has motivated a re-examination of techniques and traditional indicators to assess the health of individual countries. Since the potential financial and economic implosion of several European countries seemed to erupt fairly quickly, one might conclude that the existing scholarly and practitioner methods were not adequate. We believe that one can learn a great deal about sovereign risk by, in addition to observing traditional macroeconomic measures of performance, to also carefully assess the health and aggregate default risk of a nation’s private corporate sector - - a type of “bottom-up” analysis. Models such as Altman’s original Z-Score technique and more recently, the Z-Metrics’ risk system, can provide important early warning measures of sovereign vulnerability. This study does just that by analyzing the Z-Metrics’ median probability of default (PD) of nine European countries and the USA from two time periods prior to the clear recognition of serious financial difficulties in the Eurosector. Our measures of PDs are also compared to the implied probability of default from a prominent market indicator, the credit default swap market, with both general confirmation and some surprising results.
Consumer consumption and perception of organic products in Croatia

Purpose of this paper – The market for organic products in Croatia is at the beginning of its development. There is no sufficient knowledge about organic consumers in Croatia. The objective of this paper is to gain knowledge about consumer attitudes toward organic products in the capital of Croatia.Design/methodology/approach – The consumers’ attitudes were collected by means of a face‐to‐face survey. Attitudes, purchase frequency, supply satisfaction and beliefs about organic foods were studied with a sample of 179 consumers. The data obtained from the survey were analysed with univariate analysis, chi‐square test, ANOVA and correlation analysis.Findings – Croatian consumers consider organically‐grown products as very healthy, of good quality and tasty. However, these products are perceived as rather expensive and of questionable appearance. Consumers are not very familiar with the supply of ecologically‐grown products in the market. Some groups of consumers have more positive attitudes toward organic pr.
Franchising and the franchise relationship

The franchise method of distribution offers a promising chemistry for combining the economies of scale enjoyed by the franchisor with the entrepreneurial drive and spirit of the franchisee. Until recently, there was little empirical research-based knowledge of the precise socio-economic characteristics of franchising or the dynamics of the relationships involved in this method of distribution. We were reliant on anecdotal evidence. However, enough empirical evidence does now exist for us to address these issues more seriously. This paper presents that empirical evidence and argues that the conclusions drawn from it can be generalized to a range of economies on the grounds that, just as the franchise format is reasonably standard across national boundaries, so is enterprise culture and its underlying motivation.
The role of territorial coverage and product diversification in the multinationality‐performance relationship

This article introduces additional fine-grained distinctions to the study of the multinationality-performance relationship, such as territorial coverage and product diversification. It shows that the territorial scope covered by the firm makes a substantial difference to the relationship between multinationality and performance. In addition, the effect of multinationality on performance can sometimes be outweighed by product diversification. The path of international expansion is a much more complex process than is shown by existing studies. The results of this study suggest three generic strategies for international expansion with which an MNE can increase its performance. Copyright © 2012 Strategic Management Society.
Predicting the clinical status of human breast cancer by using gene expression profiles

Prognostic and predictive factors are indispensable tools in the treatment of patients with neoplastic disease. For the most part, such factors rely on a few specific cell surface, histological, or gross pathologic features. Gene expression assays have the potential to supplement what were previously a few distinct features with many thousands of features. We have developed Bayesian regression models that provide predictive capability based on gene expression data derived from DNA microarray analysis of a series of primary breast cancer samples. These patterns have the capacity to discriminate breast tumors on the basis of estrogen receptor status and also on the categorized lymph node status. Importantly, we assess the utility and validity of such models in predicting the status of tumors in crossvalidation determinations. The practical value of such approaches relies on the ability not only to assess relative probabilities of clinical outcomes for future samples but also to provide an honest assessment of the uncertainties associated with such predictive classifications on the basis of the selection of gene subsets for each validation analysis. This latter point is of critical importance in the ability to apply these methodologies to clinical assessment of tumor phenotype.
CD4+ T‐cell responses to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 in infectious mononucleosis and EBV‐associated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Th1 in active disease but Tr1 in remission

Primary infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in childhood is usually asymptomatic, whereas infection in adolescence may result in infectious mononucleosis (IM) often followed by a fatigue syndrome. EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed in latency and in many EBV‐associated tumours, including non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Given the regulatory nature of the CD4+ T‐cell response against LMP1 previously reported in healthy donors, we investigated whether patients with active EBV‐driven disease can nevertheless mount effector [T‐helper cell, type 1 (Th1)] anti‐LMP1 responses. We therefore performed a longitudinal study of the nature of CD4+ T‐cell responses to LMP1 in four patients with IM, and five patients with NHL. In both groups, responses changed with time. During symptomatic infection or active tumour growth, responses were dominated by a Th1 effector phenotype, but switched to a regulatory interleukin‐10 response upon recovery. In addition, the fine specificities of the T cells driving these responses evolved. This study showed the dynamic nature of CD4+ T‐cell responses to LMP1, and demonstrated that, although patients can mount Th1 effector responses, recovery from IM and NHL is associated with regulatory responses.
An Analysis of the Socio-Technical Gap in Social Networking Sites

This chapter views social networking sites as supporting social capital and the advantages which derive from it, namely emotional support, information exchange, and a capacity for concerted action. Social capital is subdivided in three types: relational, cognitive, and structural. The authors derive a number of social needs from these types of social capital and discuss how the social networking sites considered in this study support or fail to support these needs with technical features. The contributions of this chapter include the dimensionalisation of the socio-technical gap in social networking systems and a discussion of elements that reside in the gap. It is hardly possible to overrate the value. of placing human beings in contact with persons dissimilar to themselves, and with the modes of thought and action unlike those with which they are familiar. Such communication has always been, and is peculiarly in the present age, one of the primary sources of progress. —John Stuart Mill (1848)
Direct Contact Between Human Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitors and Bone Marrow Stroma Is Not Required for Long-term In Vitro Hematopoiesis

Long-term bone marrow cultures support both differentiation and conservation of primitive human hematopoietic progenitors in the absence of exogenous cytokines. It is believed that hematopoiesis in such cultures requires direct contact between hematopoietic progenitors and stroma. In the present study, we demonstrate that primitive progenitors physically separated from the stromal layer by a 0.45-pm microporous membrane continue to generate differentiated progenitors for at least 8 weeks. Moreover, primitive progenitors are conserved to a greater extent under these conditions, as when cultured in direct contact with the stroma. However, excessive production of granulocyte-macrophage
Affordable Housing: Concepts and Policies*

This article discusses the concepts of housing affordability and policies for increasing housing affordability. Most current measures of housing affordability used in Australia are based on the acquisition costs of housing. They define housing costs in nominal rather than in real terms and include mortgage repayments that are properly regarded as savings. Moreover, they do not account for household choice over type of house or household composition. The first part of this article proposes that measures of housing affordability should be based on real housing user costs or rents. Turning to policy issues, this article argues that housing affordability is essentially a household income problem made worse by government restrictions on housing supply. High housing costs do not reflect housing market failures. To reduce housing costs, the government should allow more housing in established and Greenfield areas. The government may also improve housing affordability by subsidising housing for low-income households. However, subsidies to urban infrastructure nearly always raise the price of land rather than reduce the price of housing. Also, the Australian government's proposed national housing and rental affordability funds are poorly defined and likely to be ineffective. Copyright (c) 2009 The Economic Society of Australia.
Adjusting an Available Online Peer Support Platform in a Program to Supplement the Treatment of Perinatal Depression and Anxiety

Background Perinatal depression and anxiety are common and debilitating conditions. Novel, cost effective services could improve the uptake and the impact of mental health resources among women who suffer from these conditions. E-mental health products are one example of such services. Many publically available e-mental health products exist, but these products lack validation and are not designed to be integrated into existing health care settings. Objective The objective of the study was to present a program to use 7 Cups of Tea (7Cups), an available technological platform that provides online peer (ie, listener) based emotional support, to supplement treatment for women experiencing perinatal depression or anxiety and to summarize patient’s feedback on the resultant program. Methods This study consisted of two stages. First, five clinicians specializing in the treatment of perinatal mood disorders received an overview of 7Cups. They provided feedback on the 7Cups platform and ways it could complement the existing treatment efforts to inform further adjustments. In the second stage, nine women with perinatal depression or anxiety used the platform for a single session and provided feedback. Results In response to clinicians’ feedback, guidelines for referring patients to use 7Cups as a supplement for treatment were created, and a training program for listeners was developed. Patients found the platform usable and useful and their attitudes toward the trained listeners were positive. Overall, patients noted a need for support outside the scheduled therapy time and believed that freely available online emotional support could help meet this need. Most patients were interested in receiving support from first time mothers and those who suffered in the past from perinatal mood disorders. Conclusions The study results highlight the use of 7Cups as a tool to introduce accessible and available support into existing treatment for women who suffer from perinatal mood disorders. Further research should focus on the benefits accrued from such a service. However, this article highlights how a publicly available eHealth product can be leveraged to create new services in a health care setting.
Sell Side Recommendations during Booms and Busts

Our study documents that the information content and the information processing of stock recommendations differ fundamentally between expansions and recessions. The initial market reaction to all recommendations is more intense in recessions, but “Buy” recommendations do not have long-term investment value. We find that in recessions sell side analysts are too optimistic about stocks they recommend to buy, while investors initially overreact to these recommended stocks. In expansions, no such contradicting pattern exists. We also document that analysts favor “glamour” over “value” stocks irrespective of the state of the economy.