Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of LSB and Subband DCT Technique for Image Watermarking

Digital Image watermarking is the process of hiding the digital data in the Image. It is used to protect the content of Image by insertion of digital mark into the Image. In this paper Least Significant Bit (LSB) based spatial domain technique and Sub band Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain techniques are compared. Sub band DCT domain algorithm is more robust and secure as compared to LSB based technique.
Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars IV. Initial helium content and white-dwarf properties

Context. Globular clusters host stars with chemical peculiarities. The associated helium enrichment is expected to affect the evolution of stars, in general, and of low-mass stars, and in particular the progenitors of white dwarfs (WDs). Aims. We investigate the effects of different initial helium contents on the properties of white dwarfs such as their masses, compositions, and the time since their formation. Results. In a globular cluster at a given age, the He enrichment implies lower initial masses for stars at a given phase. Thus it leads to a decrease of the masses of white dwarfs reaching the cooling sequence. In addition the He enrichment increases the total mass and number of white dwarfs and eventually allows the presence of He white dwarf from single progenitors. Conclusions. The low He enrichment determined in most globular clusters with different methods results in negligible effects on the white dwarf properties. However, in the few globular clusters that display a high He enrichment, this may significantly affect the characteristics of the white dwarfs. In NGC 2808 and {\omega} Centauri the high He enrichment even leads to the formation of He white dwarfs from single He-rich progenitors. Therefore investigating the white dwarf mass domain in globular clusters with a high He enrichment would provide an additional indirect way to measure and constrain the He enrichment degree.
DISCUSSING THE RELATION BETWEEN TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (CASE STUDY: WEST AZERBAIJAN'S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH INSURANCE)

The purpose of this research is to discuss the relation between manager's transactional leadership style and employee's citizenship behavior. This research is descriptive and is of correlational type. The population is consisted of the entire employees of West Azerbaijan's department of health insurance. In order to determine the sample size, 86 individuals were selected from the population of 110 employees of west Azerbaijan's health insurance department via a simple random sampling method. Data collection instruments included standard questionnaire of multifactor leadership style by Bass and Alive (2000) and questionnaire of organizational citizenship behavior by Pudsakv. Reliability of measurement instruments were respectively 0.91 and 0.80 and calculated via Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation test, multivariate regression test and independent t test were used. Results indicated that there is a significant relation between transactional leadership style and employee's organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). There is also a significant relation among all elements of transactional leadership style and elements of OCB.
Nephroprotective potential of Pistacia chinensis bark extract against induced toxicity in rats

Abstract. Sattar S, Khan MR, Shah NA, Noureen F, Naz K. 2016. Nephroprotective potential of Pistacia chinensis bark extract against induced toxicity in rats. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 192-200. Pistacia chinensis possesses profound antioxidant properties. In this study, the protective influence of P. chinensis bark ethanol extract (PCBE) was scrutinized against CCl4 induced renal toxicity in rats (6 rats in each group). Seven different groups of Sprague–Dawley male rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1 mL/kg b.w.; 30% CCl4 in olive oil) at an interval of 48 hour for four weeks. PCBE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. or silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered to the animals on alternate days. CCl4 induced renal toxicity was evident by a significant increase in specific gravity, albumin, count of RBCs and pus cells in urine. Administration of PCBE significantly ameliorated the enhanced serum level of urea, creatinine, and bilirubin whereas increased the level of total protein. Moreover, the influence of CCl4 significantly elevated the level of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), H2O2 and nitrite content whereas enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and quinone reductase), non- enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) content in kidney homogenate was compromised. When animals were treated along PCBE, a remarkable protective role was observed on all the parameters of kidney in comparison to only CCl4 treated groups. From this study, it can be concluded that PCBE holds an effective antioxidant and nephroprotective property.
Demand for Diverse Diets: Evidence from Nigeria

Consumption of diverse diets is an important factor in promoting good health and nutrition. Most of the studies on food demand in developing countries focused largely on the quantity consumed of specific foods or food-groups with marginalized attention on dietary diversity. This study examines the extent of food consumption diversity and the factors influencing demand for diverse foods in Nigeria using micro-data on 18191 households. The transformed versions (logistic transformation) of Berry and Entropy measures of dietary diversity were used as regressands in the econometrics models employed for analysis. Low-income households and households whose heads are females or without formal education have lower than the norm in terms of diversity in food consumption. Income, food prices (captured by food price index), access to remittance, educational attainment up to secondary school, sex of household head and spatial factors are important determinants of demand for varied diets. Income improvement strategy, renewed emphasis on nutrition education especially in secondary schools, efforts to curtail food price inflation and sensitively-guided gender-based interventions are advocated, among others. Findings call for evaluation of the extent to which policy actions in agriculture and other relevant sectors weaken or advance diet diversity in order to devise holistic strategies for nutrition and health.
Self-stabilising quadrupedal running by mechanical design

Dynamic stability allows running animals to maintain preferred speed during locomotion over rough terrain. It appears that rapid disturbance rejection is an emergent property of the mechanical system. In running robots, simple motor control seems to be effective in the negotiation of rough terrain when used in concert with a mechanical system that stabilises passively. Spring-like legs are a means for providing self-stabilising characteristics against external perturbations. In this paper, we show that a quadruped robot could be able to perform self-stable running behaviour in significantly broader ranges of forward speed and pitch rate with a suitable mechanical design, which is not limited to choosing legs spring stiffness only. The results presented here are derived by studying the stability of the passive dynamics of a quadruped robot running in the sagittal plane in a dimensionless context and might explain the success of simple, open loop running controllers on existing experimental quadruped robots. These can be summarised in a the self-stabilised behaviour of a quadruped robot for a particular gait is greatly related to the magnitude of its dimensionless body inertia, b the values of hip separation, normalised to rest leg length, and leg relative stiffness of a quadruped robot affect the stability of its motion and should be in inverse proportion to its dimensionless body inertia, and c the self-stable regime of quadruped running robots is enlarged at relatively high forward speeds. We anticipate the proposed guidelines to assist in the design of new, and modifications of existing, quadruped robots. As an example, specific design changes for the Scout II quadruped robot that might improve its performance are proposed.
Ultrastructure of the salivary gland of second in star larvae of Cephalopina titillator (Diptera:Oesteridae)

Cephalopina titillator is an obligate parasite that cause nasopharyngeal myiasis in camels. In the present study, the salivary gland consists of a pair of simple long translucent tubules situated laterally in the fore gut region which lies ventrally in the body cavity. A thin short and narrow efferent duct emerges from the anterior of each gland and then unites together to form a translucent single median common deferent duct, which is inserted in the dorsal cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Their apical part projecting into the lumen of the gland, the nucleus is oval and lies basally in the cell. The lumen is narrow usually full of secretary vacuoles and secreted material. Large secretary granules are observed within cells. , the cells of the salivary gland possess well-developed long compact microvilli,thick well-developed basement membrane with basal lamina, Rough endoplasmic reticulum is well developed has parallel cisternae mostly near the nucleus and is dilated at the basal and apical region of the cell. Many secretary vacuoles are visible near the base of the microvilli and in the basal part of the cell.
Review, Other Macroprocesses, and Individual Differences.

ABSTRACT Two studies were conducted to clarify some problems in aptitude treatment interaction research, by concentrating on the macroprocesses in reading required by different instructional methods and the macroprocesses available to students. In the first experiment, three reading groups were used, the first receiving adjunct questions, the second also receiving feedback on the correctness of their answers to the adjunct questions, and the third reading the text without the adjunct questions. Results showed (1) that groups receiving questions scored higher on the posttest than the read-only group, (2) no differences between the adjunct question groups, (3) significant differences in the frequency of various macroprocessing option use, and (4) an "incredible" variability in students' choices of cognitive processing opti.ms. In the second study, two options--review of either an alternate or the main text--were prescribed when comprehension difficulty was evident. Four groups were involved: a read-only group, an adjunct question group, a group required to review the main text if question responses were incorrect, and a group required to review an alternate text in the same situation. Results showed that the significart differences among groups on the macroprocessing options used were attributable to the review option. (Tables of findings are included). (DF)
TITLE Personal Labor Supply : An Estimation of a Probabilistic Teacher Labor Supply Function

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Section One: A Review of Some Pertinent Literature Section Two: General Approach and Econometric Techniques Section Three: Description of Data Section Four: Regression Results and Interpretation The Decision to Teach Regression Results Section Five: Simulations of Policy Change Elasticities of Probability To Teach Effectiveness of Alternative Policies Forecasts of Market Condition Section Six: Conclusions, Prospects, and Policy Recommendations Appendix A: Econometric Specification Appendix B: Working Estimation of the Probability of
BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: ESSENCE, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CURRENT PROBLEMS

The article presents a definition of the category “social responsibility” based on generalization of different views and system approach. Social responsibility is referred to as a multilevel system of economic, social, legal, ethical relations between all actors of economic activity and those interested in its results, aimed at a final beneficial result for them. The authors emphasize that social responsibility of business is one of the main factors increasing its business reputation, improving its image and creating competitive advantages. Motivation criteria of the domestic system of corporate social responsibility (social, political and economic) are considered. The authors identify factors that have a negative impact on the formation of the social responsibility of Ukrainian business and create a number of problems on the way of implementation of the social responsibility policy. To solve the problems of introducing social responsibility at Ukrainian enterprises a number of measures are proposed. The latter include professional selection of senior managers by competent independent experts; establishment of normative and moral guarantees of the stability of senior managers’ successful management activities; public control over managers’ activities; improvement of corporate legislation with establishing more rigorous public control over the activities of strategically important joint stock companies; transition from the model of conflict partnership to constructive partnership in labour relations; construction of a system of permanent public monitoring of large corporate entrepreneurship.
Human-in-the-loop control during robot-assisted gait rehabilitation

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is capable of generating an amazing variety of movements. Damages of the CNS caused by stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI) are amongst the leading causes of disabilities, and severely limit the quality of life of patients. Rehabilitation can exploit the concept of neural plasticity and can improve the impairment and thereby the standard of living of neurological patients. Active physical participation of the patients and high training intensities were shown to be important factors for successful rehabilitation. In addition, active cognitive participation and motivating training sessions are key requirements for the success of motor learning in general and for rehabilitation. Gait robots have become increasingly common to automate rehabilitative treadmill training, as they allow for longer training duration compared to manual therapy. One important concept to promote active patient participation is human in the loop control, which refers to the concept of a robot reacting cooperatively to the human instead of treating the human as a source of perturbation. Impedance, or force control is thereby one of the most common cooperative control strategies. Despite the popularity of gait robots, their effectiveness is still discussed controversially. One possibility, why existing gait robots do not outperform conventional manual therapy, is that the robots do have not yet treat the human biocooperatively. Bio-cooperative behavior is defined as the ability of a robot to integrate the psychophysiology of the human in the control loop and to take the patient’s voluntary effort and intention into account. Bio-cooperative behavior of a rehabilitation robot goes beyond impedance control by integrating the human on three key levels: a biomechanical, a physiological and a psychological level. On the biomechanical level, the biomechanics of the human are being treated cooperatively, and the robot reacts compliantly and adaptively to the biomechanical capabilities of the patients. On the physiological level, the robot has to take the physiological reactions of the patient into account and needs to react adaptively to changing demands in physical effort. On the psychological level, the robot has to interact with the patient on a cognitive level and take the patient’s current motivation, mental engagement or cognitive load into account. I thereby define cognitive load as the amount of focus and concentration the patient has to invest to still be able to fulfill the rehabilitation task. On the biomechanical level, recent advances in cooperative control strategies allow rehabilitation robots to integrate the patient into the control loop on a biomechanical level.
A New Simulation Method for UAV Communication Channels Based on GPUs

—In this paper, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication channel model is established by considering the propagation path loss, shadowing, and multi-path fading. Moreover, an efficient generation method for Gaussian random processes based on sum of sinusoids (SoS) theory is presented and is easy to realize by a graphics processing unit (GPU). Based on the proposed method, a new real-time generation method for multi-path shadowing composite fading is designed and implemented. The implementation results show that the proposed approach enables the easy generation of multi-path shadowing composite fading while reducing the processing time. Meanwhile, the impacts of flight altitude and communication scenarios on the performance of the UAV communication system are discussed. The results of this paper should have significant application value in UAV communication channel simulation.
Delaying future sea-level rise by storing water on 1 Antarctica 2

9 Even if greenhouse gas emissions were stopped today, sea level would continue to rise for 10 centuries, with the long-term sea-level commitment of a two-degree-warmer world 11 significantly exceeding 2m. In view of the potential implications for coastal populations and 12 ecosystems worldwide, we investigate, from an ice-dynamic perspective, the possibility to 13 delay sea-level rise by pumping ocean water onto the surface of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. We 14 find that due to wave propagation ice is discharged much faster back into the ocean than 15 would be expected from a pure advection with surface velocities. The delay time depends 16 strongly on the distance from the coastline at which the additional mass is placed and less 17 strongly on the rate of sea-level rise that is mitigated. A millennium-scale storage of at least 18 80% of the additional ice requires placing it at a distance of at least 700 km from the coast 19 line. The pumping energy required to elevate the potential energy of ocean water to mitigate 20 the currently observed 3mm yr -1 will exceed 7% of the current global primary energy supply. 21 At the same time, the approach may be the only way to protect entire coastlines or specific 22 regions that cannot be protected by dikes. 23
Inequalities for Certain Means in Structural Mechanics 1

In the article, we prove that the inequality A(a, b)I1−α(a, b) ≤M(2+α)/3(a, b) holds for all a, b > 0 if α ∈ [(3 log 2−2)/(1− log 2), 1) and the inequality is reversed if α ∈ (0, (3 √ 145−35)/10], where A(a, b), I(a, b) andMp(a, b) are respectively the arithmetic, identric and pth power means of a and b. Mathematics Subject Classification: 26E60
Family Dynamics, Housing, and Recurring Homelessness Among Women in New York City Homeless Shelters

This study looks at two sets of women who stayed in New York City homeless shelters in 1992—one set as part of a family and the other set as individuals—and at factors associated with an increased risk of their experiencing repeat shelter stays. Descriptive statistics and event history analysis indicate that regardless of whether the women stay in shelters with their families or by themselves, various family dynamics are associated with particular vulnerability to subsequent shelter stays, especially when the women are part of “young” families, are in households with absent children, or disclose a history of domestic violence. Exits from a shelter stay to one's own housing, on the other hand, has the strongest association with avoiding repeat shelter stays. These results suggest that family dynamics and the availability of affordable housing are two important focuses for efforts to reduce the incidence of homelessness among women.
Hydrodynamic measurements on the Joubert hull in the AMC cavitation tunnel with CFD determined blockage corrections

The Joubert generic submarine geometry and its derivatives are currently the subject of computational studies in over six countries interested in comparing simulation techniques for diesel electric submarine hulls. This paper presents the second set of flow measurements at comparable and higher Reynolds numbers to the existing available measurement set. This new data set allows increased confidence in the use of the Joubert generic submarine geometry for Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) studies. Measurements were taken in the Australian Maritime College’s (AMC) cavitation tunnel on the hull of a 1:52 scale generic bare hull Joubert submarine model, oriented at zero degrees incidence. Surface pressure and skin friction measurements were collected at a range of Reynolds numbers. Boundary layer velocity and turbulence intensity surveys were performed at a number of positions aft of the hull. A wake survey was taken at the propeller plane for the bare hull with, and without, the aft control surfaces. The hull’s cross sectional area created an 8.5% solid blockage ratio in the test section. Blockage corrections were performed using CFD simulations of the bare hull as mounted within the test section and additionally in a low blockage domain. The results from these two CFD domains were used to provide full field blockage corrections to the measurements.
Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Learning

Recognizing spoken words involves lexical competition. A newly learned word will engage in competition with existing words that share its onset (e.g. the novel word ‘cathedruke’ will compete with ‘cathedral’), as measured by increased recognition times to the existing word (Gaskell & Dumay, 2003). We sought to replicate this finding in a longitudinal design where the effects of lexical competition were followed up over the course of eight months. Novel words were taught at different points in time, allowing us to vary, on a small scale, the age of acquisition (AoA) of the novel items. Robust lexical representations emerged for the novel words, and remained competitors to existing words throughout the study. A dissociation in AoA effects between lexical competition and naming also emerged.
Globalisation as Reterritorialisation: The Re-scaling of Urban Governance in the European Union

In the rapidly growing literatures on globalisation, many authors have emphasised the apparent disembedding of social relations from their local-territorial pre-conditions. However, such arguments neglect the relatively fixed and immobile forms of territorial organisation upon which the current round of globalisation is premised, such as urban-regional agglomerations and territorial states. This article argues that processes of reterritorialisation—the reconfiguration and re-scaling of forms of territorial organisation such as cities and states—constitute an intrinsic moment of the current round of globalisation. Globalisation is conceived here as a reterritorialisation of both socioeconomic and political-institutional spaces that unfolds simultaneously upon multiple, superimposed geographical scales. The territorial organisation of contemporary urban spaces and state institutions must be viewed at once as a presupposition, a medium and an outcome of this highly conflictual dynamic of global spatial restructuring. On this basis, various dimensions of urban governance in contemporary Europe are analysed as expressions of a politics of scale that is emerging at the geographical interface between processes of urban restructuring and state territorial restructuring.