Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zero-Shot Medical Image Artifact Reduction

Medical images may contain various types of artifacts with different patterns and mixtures, which depend on many factors such as scan setting, machine condition, patients' characteristics, surrounding environment, etc. However, existing deep learning based artifact reduction methods are restricted by their training set with specific predetermined artifact type and pattern. As such, they have limited clinical adoption. In this paper, we introduce a “Zero-Shot” medical image Artifact Reduction (ZSAR) framework, which leverages the power of deep learning but without using general pre-trained networks or any clean image reference. Specifically, we utilize the low internal visual entropy of an image and train a light-weight image-specific artifact reduction network to reduce artifacts in an image at test-time. We use Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as vehicles to show that ZSAR can reduce artifacts better than the state-of-the-art both qualitatively and quantitatively, while using shorter test time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep learning framework that reduces artifacts in medical images without using a priori training set.
Temporal association of sNfL and gad‐enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder, which is characterized by relapses and remissions. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an emerging biomarker of disease activity but its clinical use is still limited. In this study, we aim to characterize the temporal association between sNfL and new clinical relapses and new gadolinium‐enhancing (Gd+) lesions.
Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus

Six isonitrogenous diets (420 g kg−1 crude protein on dry matter basis) with six levels of soybean meal (SBM) inclusion (0, 112, 225, 336, 449 and 560 g kg−1) in substitution of fish meal (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) were evaluated in Chinese sucker of 1.81 ± 0.01 g initial weight for 8 weeks. There existed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate when the replacement level for fish meal protein was increased from 40% to 60%, indicating that up to 40% of fish meal protein could be replaced with SBM protein without causing reduction in growth and protein utilization. Lipid contents in the Chinese sucker body decreased significantly (P < 0.001) as dietary SBM increased. Digestive enzyme activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas of the fish were significantly different (P < 0.001) as the SBM protein replacement level was increased. Results of the present study appear to indicate that 40% FM can be replaced by SBM in practical feeds of Chinese sucker.
Seasonal patterns and environmental regulation of frost hardiness in shoots of seedlings of Thuja plicata, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, and Picea glauca

Seasonal patterns of frost hardiness and the effects of photoperiod, water stress, and low temperature on hardiness development were examined in shoots of 1st-year seedlings of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn), yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Under natural conditions, spruce hardened in two stages starting in early August, first at a slow rate in response to shortening photoperiod, then at a faster rate in response to decreasing temperatures. Western red cedar and yellow cedar started hardening in late October to early November when the photoperiod was already less than 11 h and daily maximum temperatures less than 15 °C. Seedlings of these two species attained a greater degree of frost hardiness when exposed to persistent subfreezing temperatures. Under controlled conditions, 4 weeks of short photoperiod at warm temperatures (9 h light:15 h dark, 20:15 °C) had little effect on hardiness of the two cedars but increased hardines.
Dynamics of Brain Activity Captured by Graph Signal Processing of Neuroimaging Data to Predict Human Behaviour

Joint structural and functional modelling of the brain based on multimodal imaging increasingly show potential in elucidating the underpinnings of human cognition. In the graph signal processing (GSP) approach for neuroimaging, brain activity patterns are viewed as graph signals expressed on the structural brain graph built from anatomical connectivity. The energy fraction between functional signals that are in line with structure (termed alignment) and those that are not (liberality), has been linked to behaviour. Here, we examine whether there is also information of interest at the level of temporal fluctuations of alignment and liberality. We consider the prediction of an array of behavioural scores, and show that in many cases, a dynamic characterisation yields additional significant insight.
Classification of Ocular Diseases Employing Attention-Based Unilateral and Bilateral Feature Weighting and Fusion

Early diagnosis of ocular diseases is key to prevent severe vision damage and other healthcare-related issues. Color fundus photography is a commonly utilized screening tool. However, due to the small symptoms present for early-stage ocular diseases, it is difficult to accurately diagnose the fundus photographs. To this end, we propose an attention-based unilateral and bilateral feature weighting and fusion network (AUB-Net) to automatically classify patients into the corresponding disease categories. Specifically, AUBNet is composed of a feature extraction module (FEM), a feature fusion module (FFM), and a classification module (CFM). The FEM extracts two feature vectors from the bilateral fundus photographs of a patient independently. With the FFM, two levels of feature weighting and fusion are proceeded to prepare the feature representations of bilateral eyes. Finally, multi-label classifications are conducted by the CFM. Our model achieves competitive results on a real-life large-scale dataset.
Cyber Physical Systems and IoT: Architectural Practices, Interoperability, and Transformation

In this present era, internet and cyber technologies have revolutionized and improved people's lifestyles completely at a remarkable rate. Having significant benefits, there are certain challenges faced by current technologies. In this perspective, one of the main challenges is not the production and acquisition of data; rather, it is the proper management, of it, including storage and analysis of data, has become a major concern. In this article, we conduct a study to discuss the two most widely used data centric technologies, i.e., Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things (IoT). The goal is to identify the architectural similarities and differences to achieve an interoperable solution that can manage data more efficiently. Our analysis revealed that a possible transformation of IoT to CPS and vice versa is possible when certain transformation steps are performed.
Hessian Splines for Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) produces images in which each pixel value is related to the measured attenuation of an X-ray beam. In practice, the location of the illuminated region does not exactly match the desired uniform pixel grid. This error can be measured using an interferometer. In this paper, we propose a spline-based reconstruction method for STXM which takes these position errors into account. We achieve this by formulating the reconstruction problem as a continuous-domain inverse problem in a spline basis, and by using Hessian nuclear-norm regularization. We solve this problem using the standard ADMM algorithm, and we demonstrate the pertinence of our approach on both simulated and real STXM data.
R-FMRI Reconstruction from K-T Undersampled Simultaneous-Multislice (SMS) MRI with Controlled Aliasing: Towards Higher Spatial Resolution

Accelerated resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) can provide higher spatial resolution and improved brain connectivity maps. Current methods for fast R-fMRI rely on either fully-sampled parallel imaging or undersampled reconstruction using signal priors, but not both. We propose a novel Bayesian reconstruction framework that combines simultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging, controlled aliasing, and undersampling in k-space and time to reconstruct high-quality signals and connectivity maps. We use a generative dictionary model on R-fMRI time-series, which is robust to signal fluctuations and artifacts, adapts to inter-subject variations through optimized similarity transforms on its atoms, and uses spatially regularized sparsity. Results on simulated and clinical R-fMRI show that our method gives more accurate reconstructions and connectivity maps than the state of the art, and can enable higher spatial resolution.
A Model Evaluating Complexity of Driving Environment toward Autonomous Vehicles Using Neural Network

It is not a question whether autonomous vehicles (AVs) will be put into market but when and how. AVs could partly perceive environment and thus drive on the road. However, there is still not a quantized method that could evaluate the complexity of driving environment toward autonomous vehicle. In this paper, a model based on neural network is proposed to specially evaluate a certain degree that driving environment would influence AVs. Experiential results exhibit a high accuracy of the model and then it could calculate a complexity score toward any scene. Finally, two possible application is thought out to have a splendid effect on future road with AVs.
NK cell receptor NKG2D enforces proinflammatory features and pathogenicity of Th1 and Th17 cells

NKG2D is a danger sensor expressed on different subsets of innate and adaptive lymphocytes. This study demonstrates how NKG2D enforces proinflammatory features of Th1 and Th17 cells and promotes inflammation in vivo, identifying NKG2D as an important target for the amelioration of Th1/ Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Milk production of dairy goats fed diets with different legume seeds: Effects of amino acid composition of the rumen undegradable protein fraction

BACKGROUND: To establish the effect of the nature of four different legume seeds, lupins (L), faba beans (FB), bitter vetch (BV) and vetch (V) on the production and composition of goat milk, we studied the ruminal degradation of these legumes, and the amino acid (AA) composition of the seeds and that of the undegradable fractions of the protein sources. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed, and in each case 30% of the protein was supplied by one of the different legume seeds. A group of eight Granadina goats was used to study the utilisation of these diets for milk production. The goats were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. RESULTS: Ruminal fermentation modified the AA profile of the protein of the legume seeds which was different in each case. However, milk production remained unchanged irrespective of the diet consumed. On the contrary, and despite the high level of degradability of the protein in the different legumes, the concentration of total protein, casein (CN) and overall αS1-CN and αS2-CN in milk depended on the protein source used. CONCLUSION: The concentration of total protein in milk, as well as its composition, was apparently determined by the AA composition of the corresponding fraction of the rumen-undegradable protein. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
My True Self is Better Than Yours: Comparative Bias in True Self Judgments

Researchers have assumed that people judge their own true selves, or their authentic and fundamental nature, to be no better than that of others. This assumption conflicts with self-enhancement perspectives, and with studies on comparative biases in self and social judgment, which assume that people tend to view their characteristics and life prospects more favorably than those of others. The five studies in this article demonstrate that comparative bias operates in self versus other true self comparisons, both with regard to traits (Studies 1–3), and morally relevant behaviors (Studies 4 and 5). Implications for the true and authentic self constructs are discussed.
Drain Current Optimization in DIBS-Grown MgZnO/CdZnO HFET

This article reports the fabrication of a dual-ion beam sputtering (DIBS)-grown MgZnO/CdZnO (MCO)-based gateless heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET). In addition, this article presents that by introducing a 30-nm yttria spacer layer, the crystallinity of the CdZnO buffer layer can be enhanced and the interface roughness at the heterojunction of the MCO heterostructure can be reduced. Furthermore, the source and drain metal contacts were optimized for the least specific contact resistivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\rho }_{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) yielding metal combination and annealing conditions. The results suggest that the introduction of the yttria spacer layer improves the overall conductance [product of sheet carrier density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}_{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and electron mobility (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)] of MCO up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.5\times 10^{15}\,\,\text{V}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9\times 10^{14}\,\,\text{V}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the non-yttria spacer-based MCO. In addition, the drain current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)–drain voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) characteristic of the as-developed yttria spacer-based MCO HFET shows a high drain current value (~400 mA/mm). These results establish the DIBS-grown MCO heterostructure as a viable option for low-cost HFETs necessary for the fabrication of large-scale HFET-based power and sensor devices.
Iron-biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis and preservation in ancient rock samples.

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that incorporate iron from their environment to synthesize intracellular nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) in a genetically controlled manner. Magnetite and greigite magnetic phases that allow MTB to swim towards redox transitions zones where they thrive. MTB may represent some of the oldest microorganisms capable of synthesizing minerals on Earth, and have been proposed to significantly impact the iron biogeochemical cycle by immobilizing soluble iron into crystals that subsequently fossilize in sedimentary rocks. In the present article, we provide an overview of the mechanisms leading to iron mineralization in MTB. We then describe their distribution in the environment, and discuss the possible function of the magnetite and greigite nanoparticles. Finally, we update the methods used for the detection of MTB crystals in sedimentary rocks and present their occurrences in the geological record. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Interventions to Prevent Illicit and Nonmedical Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance Illicit and nonmedical (use in ways other than instructed) drug use is common in adolescents and young adults and increases the risk of harmful outcomes such as injuries, violence, and poorer academic performance. Objective To review the benefits and harms of interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, PubMED, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (January 1, 2013, to January 31, 2019 [children and adolescents]; January 1, 1992, to January 31, 2019 [young adults <25 years]); surveillance through March 20, 2020. Study Selection Clinical trials of behavioral counseling interventions to prevent initiation of illicit and nonmedical drug use among young people. Data Extraction and Synthesis Critical appraisal was completed independently by 2 investigators. Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and checked by a second. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the effect sizes associated with the interventions. Main Outcomes and Measures Number of times illicit drugs were used; any illicit drug or any cannabis use. Results Twenty-nine trials (N = 18 353) met inclusion criteria. Health, social, or legal outcomes such as mental health symptoms, family functioning, consequences of drug use, and arrests were reported in 19 trials and most showed no group differences. The effects on illicit drug use in 26 trials among nonpregnant youth (n = 17 811) were highly variable; the pooled result did not show a clinically important or statistically significant association with illicit drug use (standardized mean difference, -0.08 [95% CI, -0.16 to 0.001]; 24 effects [from 23 studies]; n = 12 801; I2 = 57.0%). The percentage of participants using illicit drugs ranged from 2.3% to 38.6% in the control groups and 2.4% to 33.7% in the intervention groups at 3 to 32 months' follow-up. The median absolute risk difference between groups was -2.8%, favoring the intervention group (range, -11.5% to 14.8%). The remaining 3 trials provided a perinatal home-visiting intervention to pregnant Native American youth. One trial (n=322) found a reduction in illicit drug use at 38 months (eg, cannabis use in the previous month, 10.7% in the intervention group and 15.6% in the control group) but not at earlier follow-up assessments. Across all 29 trials, only 1 trial reported on harms and found no statistically significant group differences. Conclusions and Relevance The evidence for behavioral counseling interventions to prevent initiation of illicit and nonmedical drug use among adolescents and young adults was inconsistent and imprecise, with some interventions associated with reduction in use and others associated with no benefit or increased use. Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements.
Relevance of mouse lung tumors to human risk assessment

ABSTRACT Mouse lung is a common site for chemical tumorigenicity, but the relevance to human risk remains debated. Long-term bioassays need to be assessed for appropriateness of the dose, neither exceeding Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) nor Kinetically based Maximum Dose (KMD). An example of the KMD issue is 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), which only produced an increased incidence of lung tumors at a dose exceeding the KMD. In addition, since mouse lung tumors are common (>1% incidence), the appropriate statistical significance is p < . 01. Numerous differences exist for mouse lung and tumors compared to humans, including anatomy, respiratory rate, metabolism, tumor histogenesis, and metastatic frequency. The recent demonstration of the critical role of mouse lung specific Cyp2 F2 metabolism in mouse lung carcinogenicity including styrene or fluensulfone indicates that this tumor response is not qualitatively or quantitatively relevant to humans. For non-DNA reactive and non-mutagenic carcinogens, the mode of action involves direct mitogenicity such as for isoniazid, styrene, fluensulfone, permethrin or cytotoxicity with regeneration such as for naphthalene. However, the possibility of mixed mitogenic and cytotoxic modes of action cannot always be excluded. The numerous differences between mouse and human, combined with epidemiologic evidence of no increased cancer risk for several of these chemicals make the relevance of mouse lung tumors for human cancer risk dubious.
Deep-Level Traps in AlGaN/GaN- and AlInN/GaN-Based HEMTs With Different Buffer Doping Technologies

Deep-level traps in AlGaN/GaN- and AlInN/GaN-based HEMTs with different buffer doping technologies are identified by drain current transient spectroscopy (DCTS) and low-frequency (LF) output admittance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y}_{{22}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) dispersion techniques. TCAD simulations are also carried out to determine the spatial location and type of traps. The DCTS and LF <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y}_{{22}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements on Al<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.75</sub>N/GaN HEMT (Fe-doped buffer) reveal a single electron trap at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{C} - {0.47}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV. On the other hand, an electron trap at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{C} -$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (0.53–0.59) eV and a deep hole trap at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{V} + {0.82}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV are detected in Al<sub>0.845</sub>In<sub>0.155</sub>N/AlN/GaN HEMT with unintentionally doped (UID) buffer, while a slow detrapping behavior is noticed at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{C} - {0.6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV in Al<sub>0.83</sub>In<sub>0.17</sub>N/AlN/GaN HEMT with C-doped buffer. The DCTS and LF <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y}_{{22}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements yield nearly the same trap signatures, indicating the reliability of the trap characterization techniques used in this article. The simulated LF <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y}_{{22}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics show that all these traps are acceptor-like states located in the buffer layer. The identified trap parameters in various buffers may be helpful to improve the crystalline quality of the epitaxial buffer layers.
A new genus of Blattisociidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseioidea) from Australian burrowing carabid beetles

Krantzoseius walteri gen. nov., sp. nov. (Mesostigmata: Phytoseioidea: Blattisociidae: Blattisociinae) is described from female, male, deutonymphal, protonymphal and larval specimens collected from Trichosternus perater Sloane (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini) in South East Queensland, Australia. The family assignment of the new species is tentative and is based largely on its lack of the apomorphic characters that define the other phytoseioid families (Otopheidomenidae, Phytoseiidae and Podocinidae). Its highly hypotrichous body, reduced body shields and leg chaetotaxy are especially unusual, and although similar to the Otopheidomenidae in these characters, K. walteri lacks the adaptations to parasitism that define the Otopheidomenidae. Curiously, the opisthosomal chaetome of the larvae (12 pairs of setae plus postanal seta) is richer than that of the protonymph (nine pairs of setae plus postanal seta), representing a rare example of postlarval setal suppression.