Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lost in Translation

Abstract This article explores the hazards faced by social construc-tionists who attempt to conduct quantitative research on sexual orientation development. By critically reviewing two quantitative research studies, this article explores the ways in which the very nature of social constructionist arguments may be incongruous with the methodological requirements of quantitative studies. I suggest this conflict is a result of the differing natures of these two modes of scholarly inquiry. While research requires the acceptance of certain analytical categories, the strength of social constructionism comes from its reflexive scrutiny and problematization of those very categories. Ultimately, social constructionists who try to apply their theories/perspectives must necessarily conform to the methodological constraints of quantitative research. The intent of this article is not to suggest that it is futile or self-contradictory for social constructionists to attempt empirical research, but that these are two distinct modes of scholarly inquiry which can, and should, co-exist in a dialectical relationship to each other.
Contribution à la mise au point d'une approche intégrée analyse diagnostique / analyse de risques

Cette these propose de combiner deux types de connaissances : la connaissance du comportement d'un systeme (utilisee pour l'analyse diagnostique) et la connaissance issue de l'analyse AMDEC (Analyse des Modes de Defaillance, de leurs Effets et leurs Criticites) du systeme. Pour que ces connaissances puissent etre supplementaires, un formalisme commun a ces deux connaissances est propose. Dans la suite, les resultats de l ? analyse AMDEC, en tant que connaissance experte supplementaire au modele comportemental, sont integres lors de l'analyse diagnostique pour affiner cette analyse diagnostique. D'un autre cote, une methode de pronostic de defaillances/defauts est proposee en integrant les resultats de l'analyse diagnostique aux resultats de l'analyse AMDEC. Cette these se conclut par une application des methodes proposees sur un procede exothermique industriel.
Psychiatric Hospitalization: Reasons for Admission and Alternatives to Admission in South Auckland, New Zealand

Objective: To describe reasons for admission and alternatives to admission in a government funded acute inpatient unit. Method: Reasons for admission and alternatives to admission were rated for a consecutive sample of 255 admissions to an acute psychiatric unit in Auckland, using interviews with staff and case note review. Result: Most patients had a functional psychosis and were admitted involuntarily. Forty percent came from areas of marked social deprivation. The major reasons for admission were for reinstatement of medication (mainly linked to non-concordance with prescribed medication), intensive observation, risk to self and risk to others. Only 12% of admissions could have been diverted, of whom most would have required daily home treatment. For those still admitted at 5 weeks, 26% could have been discharged, mainly to 24 h nurse-staffed accommodation. If the alternatives had all been available, simulated bed-day savings were 11 bed years per year. Simulated bed day savings were greater through implementing early discharge than by diverting new admissions. Conclusion: Greater availability of assertive community treatment and of interventions to improve medication concordance may have prevented a small number of admissions. For patients admitted longer than 5 weeks, it appeared that greater availability of 24 h nursestaffed accommodation would have allowed considerable bed-day savings.
Corporate social responsibility and employee performance: Mediation role of job satisfaction and affective commitment

Corp Soc Resp Env Ma. 2019;26:1361–1370. Abstract The positive impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices has been recognized over the past years. Recently, research has looked into the impact of CSR practices on employee behavior demonstrating positive results. Drawing from a sample of 190 supervisor‐subordinate dyads, we studied the relationship between perceived CSR practices (external and internal) and employee performance (supervisor‐rated) and two mechanisms that explain this relationship. Specifically, we studied if this relationship was mediated by employees' job satisfaction and affective commitment. Results indicate that there is a direct link between perceptions of external CSR and performance and that job satisfaction partially mediates this relationship. Also, perceptions of internal CSR are related to higher performance via job satisfaction, supporting full mediation. On the other hand, although both internal and external CSR were related to affective commitment, affective commitment did not act as a mediator for the CSR‐performance relationship. Implications for practice and limitations of this study conclude the article.
Relative importance of spatial and temporal precision for user satisfaction in human-robot object handover interactions

In current society there is a growing call for robotic platforms designed to provide direct assistance to humans within the near future. An essential requirement, if robots are to become accepted as service providers that interact directly with humans, is that the human-robot interactions must not only be safe and reliable, but also produce a satisfying user experience. Here we report results from a study on human-robot object handovers in which we show that timing aspect of the robot response outweighed spatial precision for determining user experience ratings.
How Does the FASB Make Decisions? Agenda Setting, Individual Board Members, and Fair Value Accounting

We provide rich descriptive statistics on how the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) sets Generally Accepted Accounting Standards (GAAP) over the past 40 years. Based on 211 financial accounting standards issued between 1973 and 2014, we report the reasons that the FASB adds a project to its agenda, the parties that bring the issue to the FASB’s attention, and the themes across different standards. We find that reducing diverse practice and inconsistent guidance is the most frequently cited reason for the FASB to take on a project. More than half of the standards are aimed to enhance comparability. Parties that bring an issue to the FASB’s attention also likely possess relevant first-hand information, highlighting the importance of information and expertise in the standard-setting process. Accounting for financial instruments is the most frequent theme across accounting standards, which potentially explains the growth in fair value measurement in U.S GAAP. We analyze the dissenting opinions written by individual board members and find some evidence that board members’ reasons for disagreements are associated with their professional backgrounds. However, our analyses indicate board members’ attitude toward fair value accounting is context-specific and cannot be fully explained by their professional backgrounds. JEL Classification: D78, M41, M48, M50
Sensations evoked by intraneural microstimulation of C nociceptor fibres in human skin nerves.

1. Seventy‐one C polymodal nociceptors supplying glabrous and hairy skin in limbs of awake human volunteers were identified on the basis of cutaneous stimulus‐response characteristics recorded intraneurally by microneurography (MNG). The large majority of such units were primarily detected during intraneural microstimulation (INMS) on the basis of subjective quality and cutaneous localization of evoked painful sensation. Electrophysiological studies were supplemented with rigorous psychophysical testing during microstimulation delivered at intraneural C recording sites. 2. The conduction velocity of single C nociceptor units could be shown to become transiently slowed following repetitive INMS at threshold intensity for conscious sensation. Such ‘marking’ witnessed that particular C units, identified by recording, had been effectively activated during INMS and psychophysical testing. 3. Cognitive attributes of sensations evoked from C recording sites by INMS at threshold intensity for perception were estimated psychophysically for subjective quality, temporal attributes and localized projection. There was remarkable matching of physiological unit type (C polymodal nociceptor) with subjective quality of evoked sensation (dull or burning pain). Further, there was remarkable spatial matching of receptive field of given C nociceptors with projected field of the pain sensation evoked from the C recording site by INMS delivered at threshold intensity for conscious sensation. 4. Dissociated A nerve fibre blocks caused by compression‐ischaemia did not abolish the sensation of burning pain projected to hairy skin, evoked by INMS delivered at C recording sites. 5. While the double matching of (a) subjective quality and spatial localization with (b) objective physiological unitary type and receptor location, coupled with the results of A blocks, provide evidence that C nociceptor fibres can be fairly selectively activated during INMS, the results also attest that C polymodal nociceptors from human skin evoke delayed dull or burning pain, accurately projected to a defined locus in skin, even after spatial summation is reduced to a minimum.
Red blood cell endothelial nitric oxide synthase does not modulate red blood cell storage hemolysis

BACKGROUND: The red blood cell (RBC) endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been shown to regulate intrinsic RBC rheologic properties, such as membrane deformability, suggesting that a functional eNOS could be important in RBC viability and function during storage. This study examines the correlation between RBC eNOS deficiency and the propensity of RBCs to hemolyze under selected stress conditions including prolonged hypothermic storage.
Pulse oximetry: A new non‐invasive assessment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Peripheral skin perfusion reflects the level of vascularity and viability of a limb and may help in planning the site of amputation or bypass surgery in patients with vascular disease. This study used peripheral pulse oximetry in 20 healthy volunteers and in 20 patients with limb ischaemia. Pulse oximetry saturation levels (Psa,O2) were compared with ankle artery Doppler pressures and transcutaneous oxygen measurements (Ptc,O2)‐ Recordings were taken at two standard sites distally and referenced to finger and forearm to calculate an index. A significant correlation was found between Ptc,O2 and Psa,o2 in patients with ischaemia (r = 0.68, P<0.01). A further group of 12 patients with acute limb ischaemia was similarly assessed before and after revascularization. After revascularization mean(s.d.) Ptc,O2 increased from 38(13) to 44(1) mmHg (P>0.05) and mean(s.d.) Psa,O2 increased from 86(3) to 90(4) per cent (P<0.01). These data suggest that pulse oximetry is a more sensitive index of peripheral perfusion than Ptc,O2 or ankle artery Doppler pressure and that, because of its accuracy and simplicity, it merits further use.
Selection for Escherichia coli mutants with proteins missing from the ribosome

Antibiotic-independent revertants of an erythromycin-dependent strain of Escherichia coli were isolated by spontaneous selection. Their ribosomal proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to most ribosomally targeted selections, the specific absence of a certain protein from the ribosome, rather than alterations in ribosomal proteins, was observed. Mutants were found with protein S20, L11, L15, L28, L29, or L30 missing.
Embryonic Growth, Hatching Time and Hatchability Performance of Meat Breeder Eggs Incubated under Continuous Green Light

The effects of dark-control (D) and continuous green light (GL) exposure of incubated meat-type breeder eggs (Hybro) on embryonic growth from 5 to 15 days of age, hatching time, hatchability per cent and chick hatching weight were investigated in three consecutive experiments at 33, 38, and 41 weeks of age. A total of 798 eggs were used in this study. Eggs were set in an incubator on trays either in the D or under two tubes of 20-watt green fluorescent light during the first 18 days of incubation. Eggs from both treatments were transferred to the dark hatching compartment at 19 days of incubation. The light intensity was in the range of 1,340 to 1,730 lux at the surface of the eggs. GL incubation of eggs significantly (p<0.01) increased weight (expressed as an absolute value) and daily weight gain of embryos at 11 and continued to 15 days of age, hatchability per cent by 4.8%, reduced dead embryos per cent and chick weight at hatch by 37 and 2%, respectively and accelerated hatching time by about 24 h when compared with the D-control incubation. Chicks hatched at 504 h of incubation had significantly (p<0.01) higher body weight, expressed as an absolute value or as a percentage of egg weight, than those hatched earlier at 456 h of incubation. It was concluded that the GL incubation of meat breeder eggs reduced incubation period and chick weight at hatch and increased embryonic growth and hatchability per cent. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 12 : 1702-1707)
Rocuronium Versus Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Induction of Anesthesia and Endotracheal Intubation: A Prospective, Randomized Trial in Emergent Cases

When anesthesia is induced with propofol in elective cases, endotracheal intubation conditions are not different between succinylcholine and rocuronium approximately 60 s after the injection of the neuromuscular relaxant. In the present study, we investigated whether, in emergent cases, endotracheal intubation conditions obtained at the actual moment of intubation under succinylcholine differ from those obtained 60 s after the injection of rocuronium. One-hundred-eighty adult patients requiring rapid sequence induction of anesthesia for emergent surgery received propofol (1.5 mg/kg) and either rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg; endotracheal intubation 60 s after injection) or succinylcholine (1 mg/kg; endotracheal intubation as soon as possible). The time from beginning of the induction until completion of the intubation was shorter after the administration of succinylcholine than after rocuronium (median time 95 s versus 130 s; P < 0.0001). Endotracheal intubation conditions, rated with a 9-point scale, were better after succinylcholine administration than after rocuronium (8.6 ± 1.1 versus 8.0 ± 1.5; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in patients with poor intubation conditions (7 versus 12) or in patients with failed first intubation attempt (4 versus 5) between the groups. We conclude that during rapid sequence induction of anesthesia in emergent cases, succinylcholine allows for a more rapid endotracheal intubation sequence and creates superior intubation conditions compared with rocuronium.
The Food Marketing System

The U.S. food marketing system has entered the 1990's considerably changed in size, competitiveness, and performance from that of the early 1980's. The food marketing system's 380,000 firms that process, wholesale, and retail the Nation's food supply have become considerably more concentrated and deeper in debt. They are introducing more new and diverse products to satisfy consumer demand. Also, food firms are more international in character, with foreign food firms owning stock in American food companies and American food firms owning stock in foreign food companies. The system has been performing spectacularly as the 1990's unfold. Profits and productivity are up. Common stock prices of food firms rose more than those of other firms. And, food firms are leading other firms in automation. Yet, the food marketing system's relative economic importance to the rest of the economy has been declining as consumers spend a declining share of their income on food.
All for One : Multi-Modal , Multi-Tasking

We introduce Attention Teams, a unified framework for training multiple models end-to-end for multiple tasks. This paper explores banding together simple Gated Recurrent Units in teams coordinated by a high-level attention mechanism. The attention mechanism is operated by a GRU leader that determines how relevant the output of each GRU teammate is to the current input. This kind of coordination shows promise for more efficiently using parameters partitioned over small models for multi-tasking across Visual Question Answering and Sentiment Classification tasks. We hope that the idea of Attention Teams will inspire others to try more complex units within the teams, as the attention gives the architecture both the ability to communicate structure as well as the ability to intelligently ensemble units.
The Drive Toward Universal Health Coverage

Universal health coverage is a social goal that enables everyone to receive the quality health care they need, irrespective of ability to pay, without suffering financial hardship in the process. To move toward that goal, policy makers should address three main considerations: the population to be covered, the health services to be provided, and the financing mechanism to be used. Successful cases show that to achieve universal health coverage, a change of perspective is essential, from seeing health care benefits as a contingent good to considering them as an essential public service. While expanding the demand for health care is necessary, improving the quantity and quality of the supply of health services is essential. Getting diverse stakeholders to cooperate, making cost-efficient and people-centered choices, and ensuring fiscal sustainability are needed to expand health coverage for everyone who needs it.
Ferramenta para Geração Automática de Testes Unitários a patir de Especificações Algébricas usando Alloy e SMT

No âmbito do projeto QUEST (http://gloss.di.fc.ul.pt/quest), a equipa da FEUP desenvolveu uma ferramenta (GenT) de geracao automatica de testes unitarios em JUnit a partir de especificacoes formais de tipos abstratos de dados, envolvendo os seguintes passos: traducao da especificacao formal para Alloy; geracao automatica de objetivos de teste (condicoes a testar); utilizacao do Alloy Analyzer para encontrar modelos que satisfazem os objetivos de teste; conversao automatica dos modelos encontrados para testes em JUnit e "mock objects" associados. A ferramenta desenvolvida precisa de ser continuada para melhorar a adequacao dos testes gerados, nomeadamente: alguns dos objetivos de teste gerados (condicoes a testar) nao sao satisfaziveis; nao gera testes fora do dominio (teste de excepcoes). O objetivo do presente trabalho e precisamente resolver as limitacoes atuais, bem como efetuar uma avaliacao experimental que demonstre as vantagens em relacao a outras abordagens existentes. Espera-se que a nova versao da ferramenta possa ser utilizada a nivel academico no ensino de algoritmos e estruturas de dados e a nivel industrial para melhorar o teste de implementacoes de tipos abstratos de dados.
Chronic illness among poor children enrolled in the temporary assistance for needy families program.

OBJECTIVES This study assessed chronic child illness among recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits and poor families not receiving benefits. METHODS Data from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey were used to examine chronic child illness, enrollment in TANF, health insurance status, and selected access indicators. RESULTS One quarter of TANF-enrolled children had chronic illnesses. Unenrolled children were 3 times as likely as TANF-enrolled children to be uninsured. Among the chronically ill, 31.7% of unenrolled and 14.3% of enrolled children experienced gaps in insurance coverage that were associated with access barriers. CONCLUSIONS Welfare policies should consider the effects of chronic illness and gaps in insurance coverage on the health of poor children.
A detached stellar-mass black hole candidate in the globular cluster NGC 3201

As part of our massive spectroscopic survey of 25 Galactic globular clusters with MUSE, we performed multiple epoch observations of NGC 3201 with the aim of constraining the binary fraction. In this cluster, we found one curious star at the main-sequence turn-off with radial velocity variations of the order of 100 km/s, indicating the membership to a binary system with an unseen component since no other variations appear in the spectra. Using an adapted variant of the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram, we could calculate the orbital parameters and found the companion to be a detached stellar-mass black hole with a minimum mass of 4.36 $\pm$ 0.41 solar masses. The result is an important constraint for binary and black hole evolution models in globular clusters as well as in the context of gravitational wave sources.
Localization of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐like immunoreactivity in monkey olfactory bulb and secondary olfactory areas

Electrophysiological and anatomical observations suggest that terminals of olfactory bulb mitral cells ending in rat primary olfactory cortex exert certain postsynaptic effects via an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter. Recent anatomical studies have shown that several peptides, most notably corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) (Imaki et al., '89) (Brain Res., 496:35–44), are also localized within rat olfactory bulb projection neurons, thus raising the possibility that there is a peptide cotransmitter in this system. In contrast to the availability of data for rodents, very little is known about the distribution of peptides and other putative transmitters in the olfactory systems of primate species. In the present study, sections through the olfactory bulb and its target areas were obtained from two monkey species (Saimiri sciureus and Macaca fascicularis) and processed for immunohistochemistry with a well‐characterized polyclonal antiserum directed against the human form of CRF. Virtually identical results were obtained in the two species. Within the olfactory bulb, nearly all mitral and many tufted cells contained CRF‐like immunoreactivity. CRF‐positive fibers were seen within the olfactory tract and olfactory stria, which contain the axons of mitral and tufted cells. Within the anterior olfactory nucleus and layer Ia of the olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex, immunoreactivity was seen within fine processes, as well as in coarse, varicose fibers and isolated puncta. CRF‐positive cells were seen within layer III of the olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex. Immunoreactive fibers and varicosities were also seen within olfactory‐recipient regions of the amygdala and entorhinal cortex. These observations suggest that CRF may act as a transmitter and/or neuromodulator in primate olfactory system.