Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host range and overwintering sources of bean leaf roll and pea enation mosaic viruses in England.

SUMMARY Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) and pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) were each transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) to fifteen of thirty species of legumes in the glasshouse; eleven species were susceptible to both viruses. The only biennial or perennial species infected by BLRV were hop trefoil (Medicago lupulina L.), lucerne (M. sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), but naturally infected sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and white clover (T. repens L.) were found. The only perennial species infected with PEMV in the glasshouse was kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.). Eggs of A. pisum, which seems to be the main vector of BLRV and PEMV in England, were found in winter on several species of cultivated perennial legumes, most on lucerne, fewest on white clover. In spring, more viviparae of A. pisum were found on lucerne than on other perennial legumes, and many on lucerne, but few on red or white clover, were infective with BLRV. Lucerne is probably the main overwintering source of BLRV in areas where lucerne is common, but elsewhere red and white clovers are probably as important. No aphid collected from perennial legumes between 1965 and 1968 was infective with PEMV, but this virus can overwinter in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Lucerne infected with BLRV was usually symptomless or showed only transient mild yellowing of young leaves. Lucerne plants showing vein-yellowing, similar to that previously reported as a symptom of BLRV, were possibly infected with an aberrant strain of BLRV but more probably with BLRV and another aphid-transmitted agent. Inoculations from lucerne with vein-yellowing symptoms sometimes caused vein-yellowing, and sometimes typical BLRV-symptoms, in crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.).
A retrospective evaluation of hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis at 2 sentinel hospitals in central Japan to estimate the health burden of rotavirus.

BACKGROUND Two rotavirus vaccines have recently been licensed for use in >80 countries worldwide but not in Japan. To assess the value of introducing rotavirus vaccination in Japan, data on the burden of rotavirus disease are needed. METHODS To describe the epidemiology of severe rotavirus disease among Japanese children aged <5 years, we examined retrospective demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from the period 2003-2007 for children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) at 2 sentinel hospitals in Japan. RESULTS At each of the 2 hospitals, 17%-21% of all pediatric hospitalizations were for AGE. Three-fourths of all AGE-related admissions occurred during the winter (December-May). Rotavirus testing was performed for approximately three-fourths of patients admitted with AGE in the winter, of which 55% at one hospital and 59% at the other tested positive. By extrapolating the test results to those patients with AGE admitted in the winter who were not tested, we estimated that 39%-44% of year-round and 52%-57% of winter hospitalizations were attributable to rotavirus. The annual incidence of hospitalization for rotavirus AGE in the 2 cities served by the hospitals was estimated to be 3.8 and 4.9 per 1000 person-years. CONCLUSIONS The burden of severe rotavirus disease among Japanese children is substantial and warrants consideration of vaccination as a prevention strategy.
Dental services advertising: does it affect consumers?

: Dental services advertising appears to be increasing. Despite their negative attitude toward advertising, as many as 20% of all dentists may now be advertising to meet changing conditions in a highly competitive market. Research on dental services advertising has provided a useful starting point for developing dental advertising strategies. However, it affords little understanding of how consumers may respond to the many types of information provided in dental services advertisements. The authors extend knowledge in this area by examining consumer response to dental advertising in an experimental setting.
Phylogeography of the bullhead Cottus gobio (Pisces: Teleostei: Cottidae) suggests a pre‐Pleistocene origin of the major central European populations

The bullhead Cottus gobio is a small, bottom‐dwelling fish consisting of populations that have not been subject to transplantations or artificial stocking. It is therefore an ideal model species for studying the colonization history of central European freshwater systems, in particular with respect to the possible influences of the Pleistocene glaciation cycles. We sampled Cottus populations across most of its distribution range, with a special emphasis on southern Germany where the major European drainage systems are in closest contact. Mitochondrial d‐loop sequencing of more than 400 specimens and phylogenetic network analysis allowed us to draw a detailed picture of the colonization of Europe by C. gobio. Moreover, the molecular distances between the haplotypes enabled us to infer an approximate time frame for the origin of the various populations. The founder population of C. gobio stems apparently from the Paratethys and invaded Europe in the Pliocene. From there, the first colonization into central Europe occurred via the ancient lower Danube, with a separate colonization of the eastern European territories. During the late Pliocene, one of the central European populations must have reached the North Sea in a second step after which it then started to colonize the Atlantic drainages via coastal lines. Accordingly, we found very distinct populations in the upper and lower Rhine, which can be explained by the fact that the lower Rhine was disconnected from the upper Rhine until ≈ 1 million years ago (Ma). More closely related, but still distinct, populations were found in the Elbe, the Main and the upper Danube, all presumably of Pleistocene origin. Intriguingly, they have largely maintained their population identity, despite the strong disturbance caused by the glaciation cycles in these areas. On the other hand, a mixing of populations during postglacial recolonization could be detected in the lower Rhine and its tributaries. However, the general pattern that emerges from our analysis suggests that the glaciation cycles did not have a major impact on the general population structure of C. gobio in central Europe.
Mice with a Selective Deletion of the CC Chemokine Receptors 5 or 2 Are Protected from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Mediated Colitis: Lack of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 Expression Results in a NK1.1+ Lymphocyte-Associated Th2-Type Immune Response in the Intestine1

The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 and their respective ligands regulate leukocyte chemotaxis and activation. To determine the role of these chemokine receptors in the regulation of the intestinal immune response, we induced colitis in CCR2- and CCR5-deficient mice by continuous oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Both CCR2- and CCR5-deficient mice were susceptible to DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. The lack of CCR2 or CCR5 did not reduce the DSS-induced migration of macrophages into the colonic lamina propria. However, both CCR5-deficient mice and, to a lesser degree, CCR2-deficient mice were protected from DSS-induced intestinal adhesions and mucosal ulcerations. CCR5-deficient mice were characterized by a greater relative infiltration of CD4+ and NK1.1+ lymphocyte in the colonic lamina propria when compared to wild-type and CCR2-deficient mice. In CCR5-deficient mice, mucosal mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 was increased, whereas that of IFN-γ was decreased, corresponding to a Th2 pattern of T cell activation. In CCR2-deficient mice, the infiltration of Th2-type T cells in the lamina propria was absent, but increased levels of IL-10 and decreased levels of IFN-γ may have down regulated mucosal inflammation. Our data indicate that CCR5 may be critical for the promotion of intestinal Th1-type immune responses in mice.
Demonstration of glutathione peroxidase in rat liver peroxisomes and its intraorganellar distribution.

Earlier, we reported that rat liver peroxisomes contain Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (J. Biol. Chem. 267, 6870), thereby suggesting a new antioxidant role for this organelle in free radical metabolism. In this study, we report for the first time that mammalian peroxisomes also contain glutathione peroxidase. Using highly purified rat liver peroxisomes isolated by Nycodenz gradient, we found that peroxisomes contain glutathione peroxidase which shows enzymatic activity with different substrates such as hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and t-butyl hydroperoxide. This activity could be inhibited in vitro by mercaptosuccinate. Western blot analysis revealed that peroxisomes from control and ciprofibrate-treated livers show immunoreactive bands with antibodies raised against glutathione peroxidase. The intraperoxisomal distribution of glutathione peroxidase was investigated by using peroxisomal membrane and matrix proteins. The results revealed that glutathione peroxidase is a matrix enzyme. The presence of glutathione peroxidase in peroxisomes provides an alternate enzyme system responsible for the degradation of organic peroxides and the degradation of H2O2 under conditions in which catalase is inactivated (e.g., ischemia-reperfusion and endotoxemia). These findings suggest that glutathione peroxidase in peroxisomes may play a novel role in the cellular antioxidant responses to various oxidative stress conditions.
Creatinine Excretion: Diurnal Variation and Variability of Whole and Part‐Day Measures: A Methodologic Issue in Psychoendocrine Research

&NA; The stability of creatinine excretion over periods of 4, 8 and 24 hr was studied in 12 subjects, including the 2 investigators; the literature on the subject was critically reviewed. The evidence accumulated shows that creatinine excretion is much less stable than is often assumed. Some subjects are stable excretors as assessed by sequential 24‐hr excretion rates, but very few are stable as assessed by sequential rates over periods of less than 24 hr. Not all within‐day variability is random. Significant or highly significant diurnal variations were found in 7 of 12 subjects in the present study, in several other recent reports, and consistently in raw data published early in the century.
Effects of timing of shifts on sleepiness and sleep duration

SUMMARY This review summarizes the effects on sleep duration and sleepiness of (1) the timing of shifts (start and finishing times) and (2) the scheduling of free time between shifts. The results from the few studies available show that sleep duration is clearly determined by the change over time between the night and the morning shift—no more than 5 or 6 hours of sleep is obtained before the morning shift if the shift starts at 06.00 hours or earlier. Therefore, it is suggested that the morning shift should not start before 07.00 hours. A late start of the morning shift will however, increase the sleepiness at the end of the night shift, as well as decrease the duration of the daysleep after the night shift. On the other hand, one may argue that the short daysleep after a night shift may be compensated for by an evening nap, whereas a short night sleep before a morning shift cannot (no time for nap). The review of studies concerning free time between shifts suggests that at least 16 hours is needed and that quick change‐overs should be avoided. The free time after a spell of night shifts should be at least 48 hours since the shiftworker needs two main sleep episodes to recover from night work.
Multimodal sentiment analysis and context determination: Using perplexed Bayes classification

There is a glut of multimedia content shared on various public communication sites like YouTube, Facebook, etc. every day. This multimodal content contains information on various issues such as terrorism, child pornography, product reviews and much more. Censoring on-line data that promotes unethical activities globally cannot be done manually. This has generated the need for a tool which can automatically determine the central idea expressed in the video and also categorize it into different emotion labels. When classifying audio video content into different class labels, audio-visual features are highly interdependent. Naive Bayes classification model fails to classify them correctly. In this paper, we propose and have implemented, in the form of a web interface, a novel approach for performing efficient multimodal sentiment analysis of online videos using machine learning algorithm — Perplexed Bayes classification technique, which takes care of the inter-dependency among the features. The interface displays the emotion label — happy, sad or neutral depending on the content of the video, the degree of emotion and the keywords related to the uploaded video. Further, Perplexed Bayes classifier has been proved to give 28% better results than Naive Bayes classifier.
The novel fluorescent CDP‐analogue (Pβ)MABA‐CDP is a specific probe for the NMP binding site of UMP/CMP kinase

Direct thermodynamic and kinetic investigations of the binding of nucleotides to the nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) site of NMP kinases have not been possible so far because a spectroscopic probe was not available. By coupling a fluorescent N‐methylanthraniloyl‐ (mant) group to the β‐phosphate of CDP via a butyl linker, a CDP analogue [(Pβ)MABA‐CDP] was obtained that still binds specifically to the NMP site of UmpKdicty, because the base and the ribose moieties, which are involved in specific interactions, are not modified. This allows the direct determination of binding constants for its substrates in competition experiments.
Optimizing Tutorial Planning in Educational Games : A Modular Reinforcement Learning Approach

Recent years have seen a growing interest in educational games, which integrate the engaging features of digital games with the personalized learning functionalities of intelligent tutoring systems. A key challenge in creating educational games, particularly those supported with interactive narrative, is devising narrativecentered tutorial planners, which dynamically adapt gameplay events to individual students to enhance learning. Reinforcement learning (RL) techniques show considerable promise for creating tutorial planners from corpora of student log data. In this paper, we investigate a modular reinforcement learning framework for tutorial planning in narrative-centered educational games, with a focus on exploring multiple modular structures for modeling tutorial planning sub-tasks. We utilize offline policy evaluation methods to investigate the quality of alternate tutorial planner representations for a narrativecentered educational game for middle school science, CRYSTAL ISLAND. Results show significant improvements in policy quality from adopting a data-driven optimized modular structure compared to a traditional monolithic MDP model structure, particularly when training data is limited.
Identification and characterization of SNJ2, the first temperate pleolipovirus integrating into the genome of the SNJ1‐lysogenic archaeal strain

Proviral regions have been identified in the genomes of many haloarchaea, but only a few archaeal halophilic temperate viruses have been studied. Here, we report a new virus, SNJ2, originating from archaeal strain Natrinema sp. J7‐1. We demonstrate that this temperate virus coexists with SNJ1 virus and is dependent on SNJ1 for efficient production. Here, we show that SNJ1 is an icosahedral membrane‐containing virus, whereas SNJ2 is a pleomorphic one. Instead of producing progeny virions and forming plaques, SNJ2 integrates into the host tRNAMet gene. The virion contains a discontinuous, circular, double‐stranded DNA genome of 16 992 bp, in which both nicks and single‐stranded regions are present preceded by a ‘GCCCA’ motif. Among 25 putative SNJ2 open reading frames (ORFs), five of them form a cluster of conserved ORFs homologous to archaeal pleolipoviruses isolated from hypersaline environments. Two structural protein encoding genes in the conserved cluster were verified in SNJ2. Furthermore, SNJ2‐like proviruses containing the conserved gene cluster were identified in the chromosomes of archaea belonging to 10 different genera. Comparison of SNJ2 and these proviruses suggests that they employ a similar integration strategy into a tRNA gene.
Design issues in wireless LANs

Wireless Local Area Networks (LANs), while similar in some respects to wired LANs, have many differences that impact their design. The key differences are the unreliable natnre of wireless communication and the mobility of stations enabled by their wireless capability. Various design alternatives for wireless LANs are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each choice are argued. The discussion is restricted to the design alternatives that are impacted by the wireless media and the mobile natnre of stations for the physical layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, topology choices for the connectivity of stations, and the networking layer. The choices that have been made in current systems are briefly described imd the potential advantages of alternative designs are discussed.
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting & Replenishment (CPFR): Realizing the Promise of Efficient Consumer Response through Collaborative Technology

The intricate complexity of today’s supply chains is staggering. Businesses are faced with managing supply chain activities not only across channel boundaries (retailers, distributors, manufacturers and third parties), but also across functional, cultural and personnel boundaries. In an effort to reduce costs, increase efficiencies and obtain a competitive advantage, businesses are being forced to rethink, re-engineer and redefine supply chain relationships and models. To meet these challenges, industry guidelines have been established to define business practices and technologies necessary to establish collaborative relationships between trading partners across the supply chain. This article explores the evolving strategic emphasis on trading partner relationships and new paradigms in supply chain planning -- Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, & Replenishment (CPFR) and an emerging category of business software, Between Ware -- that must be adopted if businesses are to remain competitive.
Eradication of Liver-Implanted Tumors by Semliki Forest Virus Expressing IL-12 Requires Efficient Long-Term Immune Responses

Semliki Forest virus vectors expressing IL-12 (SFV–IL-12) were shown to induce potent antitumor responses against s.c. MC38 colon adenocarcinomas in immunocompetent mice. However, when MC38 tumors were implanted in liver, where colon tumors usually metastasize, SFV–IL-12 efficacy was significantly reduced. We reasoned that characterization of immune responses against intrahepatic tumors in responder and nonresponder animals could provide useful information for designing more potent antitumor strategies. Remarkably, SFV–IL-12 induced a high percentage of circulating tumor-specific CD8 T cells in all treated animals. Depletion studies showed that these cells were essential for SFV–IL-12 antitumor activity. However, in comparison with nonresponders, tumor-specific cells from responder mice acquired an effector-like phenotype significantly earlier, were recruited more efficiently to the liver, and, importantly, persisted for a longer period of time. All treated mice had high levels of functional specific CD8 T cells at 8 d posttreatment reflected by both in vivo killing and IFN-γ–production assays, but responder animals showed a more avid and persistent IFN-γ response. Interestingly, differences in immune responses between responders and nonresponders seemed to correlate with the immune status of the animals before treatment and were not due to the treatment itself. Mice that rejected tumors were protected against tumor rechallenge, indicating that sustained memory responses are required for an efficacious therapy. Interestingly, tumor-specific CD8 T cells of responder animals showed upregulation of IL-15Rα expression compared with nonresponders. These results suggest that SFV–IL-12 therapy could benefit from the use of strategies that could either upregulate IL-15Rα expression or activate this receptor.
Nonlinear-dissipation-induced entanglement of coupled nonlinear oscillators

The quantum dynamics of two weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators is analytically and numerically investigated in the context of nonlinear dissipation. The latter facilitates the creation and preservation of nonclassical steady states. Starting from a microscopic description of two oscillators individually interacting with their dissipative environments, it is found that in addition to energy relaxation, dephasing arises due to the mutual coupling. Using the negativity as an entanglement measure, it is shown that the coupling entangles the oscillators in the long-time limit. For finite temperatures, entanglement sudden death and rebirth are observed.
The fate of autogenous and homogenous bone grafts.

investigation of bone transplanting, Dr. Chase and Dr. Herndon very thoroughly reviewed the literature on that subject. Fortunately, they listed references and kept careful abstract and digest notes. From these summaries came the following article. Through it readers of The Journal wishing to keep abreast of progress or to become familiar with the accredited body of knowledge in this field may have the benefit of this thoroughgoing study of recorded contributions and achievements in this phase of tissue transplant. The Editor
Autonomous takeoff and landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle

In this study, we work for autonomous takeoff and landing of a miniature size unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We get the information of attitude and altitude by using a small Linux computer and various sensors equipped with fuselage. Attitude and altitude feedback control scheme and autonomous takeoff and landing strategies are proposed. We also develop a landing system that recognize landing site by visual feedback.
Aplikacje mobilne jako innowacyjne narzędzie marketingu mobilnego na rynku żywności

W artykule w syntetyczny sposob zaprezentowano przegląd polskiej i zagranicznej literatury przedmiotu poświeconej problematyce aplikacji mobilnych jako narzedzia marketingu mobilnego. Celem aplikacyjnym byla proba klasyfikacji rodzajow aplikacji mobilnych, ktore są wykorzystywane przez firmy dzialające na rynku zywności, z jednoczesnym uwzglednieniem podzialu funkcji, jakie te aplikacje mają spelniac dla firmy. Przedsiebiorstwa funkcjonujące w branzy spozywczej aktywnie wykorzystują rozne kategorie aplikacji dostepnych na rynku oraz proponują wlasne aplikacje w wybranych kategoriach. Wszystkie zidentyfikowane rodzaje wlasnych i obcych aplikacji marek spelniają funkcje promocyjną, ponadto niektore z nich mają funkcje sprzedazową lub informacyjną.
Periodic leg movements in sleep in essential hypertension

Abstract The presence of periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) was assessed in 91 subjects diagnosed with essential hypertension. More than 18 per cent of the sample had PLMS, which is considerably higher than in normal controls. Also, the prevalence was significantly correlated with the severity of hypertension, as well as with age. Periodic leg movements in sleep were more frequent in the first few hours of the sleep period and during sleep stages 1 and 2. The arousing effect of PLMS was minimal, with only 17 per cent of all events related to an EEG arousal. Our results suggest that PLMS are common in people with essential hypertension, although they do not seem to be associated with any particular sleep disorder.