Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High energy product in Battenberg structured magnets

Multiphase nano-structured permanent magnets show a high thermal stability of remanence and a high energy product while the amount of rare-earth elements is reduced. Non-zero temperature micromagnetic simulations show that a temperature coefficient of remanence of −0.073%/K and that an energy product greater than 400 kJ/m3 can be achieved at a temperature of 450 K in a magnet containing around 40 volume percent Fe65Co35 embedded in a hard magnetic matrix.
Comparison of cardiovascular responses between remifentanil and fentanyl on laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients undergoing elective surgery.

This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing the effect of remifentanil and fentanyl on cardiovascular responses from laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Forty-four ASA I or II patients aged between 18-65 yrs scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia, were recruited and randomized into two groups. Each patient in Group R received remifentanil of 0.5 mcg/kg bolus over 30 seconds followed by an infusion of 0.25 mcg/kg/min and each patient in Group F received fentanyl of 2 mcg/kg bolus over 30 seconds followed by an infusion of normal saline. Anaesthesia was then induced with propofol, rocuronium and 2% sevoflurane with 100% oxygen. Cardiovascular changes were recorded every minute for 3 minutes after induction and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. The heart rate remained stable throughout the induction and intubation period in both groups. None of the patients in the remifentanil group develop bradycardia. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly lower in the fentanyl group at the 3rd minute post-induction and 5th minute post-intubation (p < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the fentanyl group was significantly lower at the 2nd and 3rd minute post-induction and 4th and 5th minute post-intubation (p < 0.05). The blood pressure remained stable for the remifentanil group throughout the induction and intubation period. Six patients (27.2%) in the fentanyl group and one patient (4.5%) in the remifentanil group experienced hypertension. Three patients (13.7%) from each group experienced hypotensive episodes. In conclusion, remifentanil 0.5 mcg/kg bolus followed by 0.25 mcg/kg/min infusion resulted in SBP, MAP and DBP remained slightly lower than baseline throughout the whole period but still consider stable, as these changes were not statistically significant.
Modified Rounding Based Approximate Multiplier ( MROBA ) and MAC Unit Design for Digital Signal Processing

In this paper we propose a Modified rounding based approximate multiplier (MROBA) which is more accurate than the conventional multiplier (ROBA). The main concept of multiplier depends on rounding of numbers. This multiplier can be applied for both signed and unsigned numbers. Three hardware implementations are proposed in which one implementation for unsigned and two for signed operations. The accuracy of the multiplier is compared with the conventional rounding based approximate multiplier (which are in 2 n ) where the modified rounding based approximate multiplier gives an exact output for the given inputs (irrespective of 2 n ) and various parameters like area, power delay, error significance, pass rates are been calculated and compared with conventional multiplier where, MROBA gives better results and with the MROBA MAC unit is implemented. KeywordsApproximate multiplier; accuracy; MAC unit.
Parallel Multiprojection Preconditioned Methods Based on Subspace Compression

During the last decades, the continuous expansion of supercomputing infrastructures necessitates the design of scalable and robust parallel numerical methods for solving large sparse linear systems. A new approach for the additive projection parallel preconditioned iterative method based on semiaggregation and a subspace compression technique, for general sparse linear systems, is presented. The subspace compression technique utilizes a subdomain adjacency matrix and breadth first search to discover and aggregate subdomains to limit the average size of the local linear systems, resulting in reduced memory requirements. The depth of aggregation is controlled by a user defined parameter. The local coefficient matrices use the aggregates computed during the formation of the subdomain adjacency matrix in order to avoid recomputation and improve performance. Moreover, the rows and columns corresponding to the newly formed aggregates are ordered last to further reduce fill-in during the factorization of the local coefficient matrices. Furthermore, the method is based on nonoverlapping domain decomposition in conjunction with algebraic graph partitioning techniques for separating the subdomains. Finally, the applicability and implementation issues are discussed and numerical results along with comparative results are presented.
SALT TOLERANCE OF TWO SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES : HELIANTHUS ANNUUS AND INTERSPECIFIC LINE HELIANTHUS ANNUUS × HELIANTHUS

An experiment was carried out hydroponically in laboratory conditions for the identification of salt tolerant genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), as well as their characteristics. Two genotypes, cultivated cultivar 1114 and interspecific line H. annuus × H. mollis were studied at four different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Physiological and biochemical stress related parameters such as free proline content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdechyde (MDA) were compared in seedlings of the two genotypes. The results indicated that both genotypes had similar responses at different salinity levels for the traits studied. All growth parameters such as germination percentage, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight decreased with increasing salinity level. With regard to the biochemical parameters evaluated, it was found that under different salinity treatments, the levels of free proline increased in comparison to control, while a smaller MDA increase was observed in both genotypes. H2O2 content increased significantly in H. annuus cv. 1114, while the interspecific line H. annuus × H. mollis accumulated a small amount of H2O2 under all tested stressful conditions. The data revealed that perennial wild H. mollis might be considered as an excellent candidate of salt tolerance genes.
Solution Space Modeling for Robotic Systems

Motivated from the experience of developing a lidar based vehicle tracking system, a model-based approach for specifying the solution space of robotic system is proposed in this paper. Solution space modeling can expand the design space, help finding the best possible solution, identify variation points, and also permit to perform context based run-time adaptation of the system. Models based on the proposed Solution Space Modeling Language (SSML) can help in system level reasoning, making tradeoffs, documenting decisions, and comparing them based on functional and non-functional properties, and can act as an artifact for formally proving and validating the final implementation.
Brain perfusion imaging using contrast agent specific imaging modes

Contrast agents enable the visualization of bigger blood vessels in the brain, e.g. the circle of Willis, in color- or power mode, which is a challenging task due to the high attenuation of the transtemporal bone window. Moreover, contrast agent specific imaging mode show potential to visualize microcirculation. Such imaging modes, three of which were investigated, mostly exploit non-linear scattering from microbubbles and the destruction of microbubbles by ultrasound. Functional images are formed from image sequences by locally analyzing the time-intensity-curves after a bolus injection of contrast agent.
Towards Metabolic Engineering of Podophyllotoxin Production: Natural Products and Cancer Drug Discovery

The pharmaceutically important anticancer drugs etoposide and teniposide are derived from podophyllotoxin, a natural product isolated from roots of Podophyllum hexandrum growing in the wild. The overexploitation of this endangered plant has led to the search for alternative sources. Metabolic engineering aimed at constructing the pathway in another host cell is very appealing, but for that approach, an in-depth knowledge of the pathway toward podophyllotoxin is necessary. In this chapter, we give an overview of the lignan pathway leading to podophyllotoxin. Subsequently, we will discuss the engineering possibilities to produce podophyllotoxin in a heterologous host. This will require detailed knowledge on the cellular localization of the enzymes of the lignan biosynthesis pathway. Due to the high number of enzymes involved and the scarce information on compartmentalization, the heterologous production of podophyllotoxin still remains a tremendous challenge. At the moment, research is focusing on the last step(s) in the conversion of deoxypodophyllotoxin to (epi)podophyllotoxin and 4′-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin by plant cytochromes. Keywords: etoposide, podophyllotoxin, Podophyllum hexandrum, Anthriscus sylvestris, metabolic engineering
A new site record of the Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769) in the Hosur forest division, Eastern Ghats, India and its conservation significance

The Grizzled Giant Squirrel is endemic to southern India and Sri Lanka. In India it is distributed in isolated populations with less than 500 mature individuals, restricted mostly to patchy riverine habitats. We have recorded the presence of this species (minimum 14 individuals) across eight locations in Hosur forest division along the Cauvery riverine forest, north of earlier reported locations in the Eastern Ghats. The documentation of this species in the study area adds to our understanding of its distribution. These squirrels are canopy dwellers, hence discontinuous forest restricts their movement and dispersal. Measures including stop auctioning Tamarindus indica fruits on large scale for commercial purpose by Forest Department, restoration of habitat, maintenance of canopy continuity, reducing anthropogenic pressure and translocating squirrels from larger populations are suggested to enhance the long-term survival of this habitat specialist, which is on the brink of local extinction in the study area. We also suggest a comprehensive population assessment of the species to reevaluate its global status.
Exploiting new terrain: An advantage to sociality in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum

Understanding the ecological benefits of social actions is central to explaining the evolution of social behavior. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been well studied and is a model for social evolution and development, but surprisingly little is known about its ecology. When starving, thousands of the normally solitary amoebae aggregate to form a differentiated multicellular organism known as a slug. The slug migrates toward the soil surface where it metamorphoses into a fruiting body of hardy spores held up by a dead stalk comprising about one-fifth of the cells. Multicellularity in D. discoideum is thought to have evolved to lift the spores above the hazards of the soil where spores can be picked up for long-distance dispersal. Here, we show that multicellularity has another advantage: local dispersal to new food sources. We find that cells shed by D. discoideum slugs during migration consume and remove bacteria in the path of the slug, although slugs themselves do not breakup. We also show that slugs are adept at local dispersal by comparing migration of slugs with migration of individual cells of the mutant, CAP2, which cannot aggregate and so rely only on cellular movement. In particular, the solitary cells of the aggregation mutant are unable to cross a soil barrier, easily crossed by slugs. We propose that the exploitation of local food patches is an important selective benefit favoring multicellular cooperation in D. discoideum.
Economic Production as Chemistry II

Inspired by the hypercycle model of the origins of chemical life on earth, this paper develops an autocatalytic model of the co-evolution of economic production and economic firms, represented as skills. The production and distribution of goods by firms are only half of what is accomplished in markets. Firms are produced and transformed, via learning, through goods passing through them. Through means of both agent-based and analytic modelling, this article establishes three principles of social organization that provide sufficient foundations for the unconscious evolution of technological complexity: structured topology, altruistic learning and stigmergy.
Wall-resolved and wall-modeled ILES based on high-order DG

In wall-modeled large eddy simulations (WM-LES) based on wall-stressmodels, flow scales are resolved in the outer boundary layer and modeled in the inner layer. In order to avoid the so-called “log-layer mismatch”, we take the thickness hwm of the wall-modeled layer not to be the typically used frist grid layer thickness, but we take it independent of the grid as 20% of the boundary layer thickness. Important input to the wall-shear-stress approach is the near-wall velocity profile for which various approximations exist. In this work, we compare the results of the wall-shear-stress approach with the near-wall velocity profile given by Reichardt’s law to the results of the wall-shear-stress approach where the near-wall velocity profile is given by DNS data. The WM-LES approach is implemented in the context of implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) based on high-order Discontinuous Galerkin methods. Numerical results are shown for the periodic channel flow. Comparisons are given for wall-modeled ILES to ILES (without wall-model) as well as to DNS data.
A DYNAMIC LATCHED COMPARATOR FOR LOW SUPPLY VOLTAGE S DOWN TO 0 . 45 V IN 45-NM CMOS USED IN FLASH ADC

Comparators are known as 1-bit analog-to digital co nverter and for that reason they are mostly used in large abundance in A/D converter. In the analog-to-digi tal conversion process, it is necessary to first sa mple the input. This sampled signal is then applied to a combinatio of comparators to determine the digital equivalen t of the analog signal. The conversion speed of comparator is limit ed by the decision making response time of the comp arator.A Novel High Speed CMOS Comparator with low power dissipati on, low offset, low noise and high speed is propose d and suitable for applications with very low supply voltage. Base d on the presented analysis, a new dynamic comparat or is proposed, where the circuit of a conventional double tail com parator is modified for low-power and fast operatio n even in small supply voltages. Without complicating the design an d by adding few transistors, the positive feedback during the regeneration is strengthened, which results in rema kably reduced delay time. It adopts a circuit top ol gy with a separated input stage and two cross-coupled pairs (nMOS and p MOS) stages in parallel instead of stacking them on top of each other as previous works. This comparator is designed in 4 5m CMOS technology with standard threshold transi stors (VT≈0.4V). Simulation shows that it achieves 5mV sensitivity f or a sampling rate of 5.2GS/s with 1.2V supply volt age, 10mV for 250MS/s with 0.5V supply voltage and 100MS/s with 0 . 45V supply voltage. The simulated delay time of t he proposed comparator is about 30% shorter than the dual-tail dynamic comparator with 0.5V supply voltage and onl y one third compared to that of the conventional one with 0.8V supply voltage when they are designed to have a sim ilar input referred offset voltage in 45nm CMOS technology. The propose d circuit is developed on CADENCE gpdk-45 Spectre s imulator
The Distributional Effects of a China Carbon Tax: A Rural–Urban Assessment

In September 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China—the country that emits the most greenhouse gases—issued a report on the necessity and feasibility of imposing carbon taxes in the country. The Commission also explored a tax design. In this study, we use input–output analysis to examine the scenario presented in that report, and attempt to measure the potential distributional impact of carbon taxes on Chinese residents. The results suggest that a carbon tax in China would be regressive in urban areas but progressive in rural ones, and that rural areas are more heavily burdened than urban areas. In addition, given that most policy options with regard to revenue-recycling—as implemented in industrialized countries— are not feasible in China, we show that lowering the electricity prices for households would be a practical approach that would lighten the burden on poor urban households and narrow the rural– urban disparity in tax burden. This would offset the adverse distributional effects of the carbon tax.
FLORISTIC ANALYSIS

Since the Peninsular India being the part of the Gondwanaland in the remote past, the flora have many similarities with that of S. America, Africa, Malesian Islands, Madagascar, Australia and Antartica, which were parted off from the Gondwanaland around 100 million years ago. Many species of plants are found common with these countries especially South Africa, Sri Lanka and Malesia and many plants seen in Peninsular India are true poly topic species (Wood, 1974). Nayar (1980) had brought out several examples to substantiate this view and the origin of Indian flora, and he was of the view that characteristic flora of India is that of Peninsular India. The flora of Western Ghats stands significant in Indian Flora because of high species diversity even in small areas. Of the total number of 17,000 species of Angiosperms in India, Western Ghats possesses more than 4000 species including many paleo-endemics (Nayar, 1982).
Biopolitics of Scale: Architecture, Urbanism, the Welfare State and After

Michel Foucault’s notes on how, since the late eighteenth century, modern urbanism has been entangled with the biopolitical regime of security opens up the space for a general theoretical framework to account for the instrumentality of architecture and urbanism within and after the European welfare state, and requires posing the question of the historical specificity of this instrumentality in the post-war period.1 This question can be addressed by reading Foucault in the context of the “scale debate” that has taken root principally in the fields of geography, sociology, and the political sciences. This suggests the possibility of theorizing the biopolitical project as a project of scalar organization of society, and urbanism as a project of biopolitics of scale, by which is meant the production of scales as historically specific frameworks of the biopolitical regime. In this sense, architecture and urbanism of the post-war period need to be addressed by focusing on their instrumentality in the rescaling of sociopolitical processes which facilitated the shift from the consolidation of the welfare state to the processes of its increasing deconstruction initiated in the 1970s. This requires conceptualizing scale as socially produced material frame of social activity,2 or, in the words of Erik Swyngedouw, as “the arena
Underwater Acoustics Session 5 aUW : Using Graphic Processing Units for Computationally Intensive Applications in Acoustic Modeling and Signal Processing

The MVDR beamformer has been shown to improve active sonar image quality compared to conventional methods. Unfortunately, it is also significantly more computationally expensive because a spatial covariance matrix must be estimated and inverted for each image pixel. We target this challenge by altering and mapping the MVDR beamformer to a GPU, and suggest three different solutions depending on the system size. For systems with relatively few channels, we suggest arithmetic optimizations for the estimation step, and show how a GPU can be used to yield image creation rates of more than 1 Mpx/s. For larger systems we show that frequency domain processing is preferable, as this promotes high processing rates at a negligible reduction in image quality. These GPU implementations consistently reduced the runtime by 2 orders of magnitude compared to our reference C implementation. For even larger systems we suggest employing the LCA beamformer. It does not calculate a weightset, but merely computes the beamformer output for each of a predefined set of weights, and selects the one that best fulfils the MVDR criterion. The LCA creates images with a quality comparable to MVDR, and it is perfectly suited for a GPU.
Rethinking the Role of Digital Author ’ s Dictionaries in Humanities Research

Although it is true that computers make one’s work significantly easier during some of the work phases of creating an author’s dictionary, our goal is to completely revise conventional computer-based dictionary work processes as well as to extend the possible range of applications for author’s dictionaries. In our study we examine the role of the digital author’s dictionaries in humanities research. We developed the extended digital author’s dictionary based on the oeuvre of Kelemen Mikes (1690-1761). We present the advantages of the extended digital author’s dictionary and demonstrate its benefits in literary and linguistic research. The main advantages of our system include easily accessible up-to-date encyclopedic information and the improved efficiency of historical text analysis methods. The benefits of the extended functions of the digital author’s dictionary help scholars answer more specialized and complex research questions, and reconsider expectations towards the new generation of author’s dictionaries.
Dynamics of City Growth : Random or Deterministic ? Evidence From China

This paper uses Chinese city size data from 1984-2002 to test three urban growth theories: the random growth theory, the endogenous growth theory, and the hybrid random-endogenous growth theory. The results from unit root and cointegration tests on pooled heterogeneous cities in the country do not support any of the three growth theories. However, we nd that certain groups of cities with common group characteristics do grow parallel.
An investigation of the role of justice in turnover purposes , job satisfaction , and organizational citizenship practice in the hospitality industry

In contemporary decades, the study of craftsmen at work has been frequently disquieted with their level of fulfillment and the factors that contribute to this satisfaction. However, the difference in the level of satisfaction between male and female workers has received limited attention. This study attempts to assess the level of job satisfaction among indigenous male and female employed in the individual and government quarters. A questionnaire was composed for this study and disseminated in the three main precincts of the Kingdom in separate organizations as well as governmental auspices. A random sample of 1000 employees executed the outlines. Elevation and compensation were found among the most important factors of displeasure among the domestic employees