Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Group I Salmonella Kentucky in domestic food animals from Pennsylvania and overlap with human clinical CRISPR sequence types

Although infrequently associated with illness in humans, Salmonella enterica, subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky is the most common non‐clinical, non‐human serovar reported in the United States, being largely found in poultry and poultry products, as well as being associated with cattle. This serovar is polyphyletic and can be separated into two groups, Group I and II, based on CRISPR‐typing analysis. In Salmonella Kentucky isolates from human clinical samples in Pennsylvania, both lineages are equally represented. The goal of this study was to determine whether both groups were also represented in domestic food animals in Pennsylvania. We analysed the CRISPR arrays from 67 Salmonella Kentucky isolates used PCR and sequencing of CRISPR arrays or analysis of whole genome sequences to analyse the CRISPR arrays and Across a collection of 67 Salmonella Kentucky isolates that includes those collected from farms, veterinary clinical samples as well as isolates from retail meats, we show that Group I Salmonella Kentucky are the exclusive lineage present. We reveal that the specific subtype of over a quarter of these animal isolates are also found to be responsible for causing human salmonellosis in the same region over the same time period.
The Shunt-Excited Antenna

The paper describes an arrangement for exciting a vertical broadcast antenna with the base grounded. Construction economy results through the elimination of the base insulator, the tower lighting chokes, and the usual lightning protective devices. The coupling apparatus at the antenna end of the transmission line is reduced to an extent which may make unnecessary a separate building for its protection. Greater freedom from interruptions resulting from static discharges is expected. The performance of the design is substantially the same as that obtained from the antennas now in general use. The paper describes experimental work done, results obtained, and inferences to be drawn from them. A mathematical appendix is attached.
Antimicrobial Activity Enhancement of Poly(ether sulfone) Membranes by in Situ Growth of ZnO Nanorods

Composite poly(ether sulfone) membranes integrated with ZnO nanostructures either directly blended or grown in situ have enhanced antibacterial activity with improved functionality in reducing the biofouling in water treatment applications. The pore structure and surface properties of the composite were studied to investigate the effect of the addition of ZnO nanostructures. The hydrophilicity of the blended membranes increased with a higher content of ZnO nanoparticles in the membrane (2–6%), which could be further controlled by varying the growth conditions of ZnO nanorods on the polymer surface. Improved water flux, bovine serum albumin rejection, and inhibition of Escherichia coli bacterial growth under visible light irradiation was observed for the membranes decorated with ZnO nanorods compared to those in the membranes simply blended with ZnO nanoparticles. No regrowth of E. coli was recorded even 2 days after the incubation.
Two-Reaction Theory of Synchronous Machines

An extension of the 2-reaction theory of synchronous machines as developed by R. H. Park is given in this paper for machines having capacitance in the armature circuit. General equations for predetermination of the performance under certain abnormal conditions of machines having balanced 3-phase capacitance in the aramture circuit are presented.
Lunar Composition by Scintillation Spectroscopy

Information on the composition of the moon and its past history is being sought through measurements of the spectrum of the gamma rays emerging from the lunar surface. The detector is a 3 × 3 in. CsI-plastic scintillator phoswich feeding a 32-channel analyzer weighing 5 pounds. Energy range is to 3 Mev; in-flight calibration is provided by a small Co-57 and Hg-203 source fixed to the detector. Energy resolution is 12 ± 2 per cent at 0.66 Mev. The spectrometer, and indeed the entire spacecraft, is biologically sterile. The spectrometer aboard Ranger 3 (launched January 26, 1962; missed the moon by about 20,000 miles) transmitted back spectra currently being studied; Rangers 4 and 5 are repeats scheduled for later in 1962.
PREVENÇÃO DE INFECÇÃO HOSPITALAR EM UNIDADES DE INTERNAÇÃO PEDIÁTRICA: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as medidas de prevencao a infeccao hospitalar em unidades de internacao pediatrica como fator de reducao da morbimortalidade e de danos a saude da crianca. Metodos: A legislacao vigente no que se refere ao controle da infeccao hospitalar tambem foi consultada. Como metodo, adotou-se a revisao bibliografica. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram as seguintes medidas como fundamentais para a prevencao e o controle da infeccao hospitalar nas unidades de internacao pediatrica: adequada utilizacao dos isolamentos e das medidas de precaucao; orientacao e educacao dos familiares e acompanhantes da crianca hospitalizada; e educacao continuada da equipe de enfermagem, destacando-se a importância da lavagem das maos. Conclusao: E fundamental que o profissional de enfermagem tenha solido conhecimento acerca da legislacao do Pais sobre o controle de infeccao no ambiente hospitalar, a fim de que possa exigir que orientacoes e normativas sejam cumpridas pelos estabelecimentos assistenciais de saude, colaborando para uma assistencia de qualidade a crianca hospitalizada.
Impact of CPAP on Forehead Near-infrared Spectroscopy Measurements in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: Truth or Illusion

Background: Critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure admitted to an intensive care unit are at high risk for cerebral hypoxia. We investigated the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rSO2). Materials and Methods: In total, 40 extubated surgical intensive care unit patients requiring classic oxygen therapy (COT) for acute respiratory failure were examined. Near-infrared spectroscopy (INVOS 5100C, Covidien) was used for 30 minutes to detect bilateral rSO2 during COT via facemask (6 L/min) and CPAP therapy (40% fraction of inspired oxygen, 8 cm H2O CPAP) using a randomized crossover study design. Patients served as their own control. Continuous hemodynamic routine monitoring and blood gas analysis were performed. The effect of CPAP therapy on rSO2 and influence of assessed covariables were investigated using a mixed linear model. Results: Median rSO2 increased from 57.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.2-61.5) during COT to 62.8% (95% CI, 59.2-66.5) during CPAP therapy (P<0.0001). The estimated difference from the mixed model between COT and CPAP is −5.0 (95% CI, −6.3 to −3.7). Median arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased from 47.8±5.1 mm Hg during COT to 43.1±5 mm Hg during CPAP (P<0.001), whereas arterial partial pressure of oxygen remained unchanged (P=0.329). In total, 23% of patients had SO2 levels <50%, with a higher prevalence under COT. Conclusions: Our results reveal that CPAP therapy compared with COT may influence rSO2 in patients with acute respiratory failure. However, the cause of the rSO2 increase following CPAP application remains to be elucidated, and the accuracy of cerebral oximetry during CPAP therapy in patients with acute respiratory failure remains questionable.
Color-Carrier Reference Phase Synchronization Accuracy in NTSC Color Television

The results of an evaluation of the capabilities of the NTSC color-carrier reference signal (the color burst) show this new color television synchronizing signal to be more than adequate; information inherent to the signal permits performance far in excess of that achieved by conventional circuits. Phasing information inherent to the burst is considered first with particular regard to measures of accuracy, the required amount of integration, and the extent of the spectral region necessary to translate the burst information. Properties of elementary passive and active circuits for using the burst in receivers are described along with a determination of the limits of burst synchronization performance for these circuits. Fundamental considerations in the theory of synchronization show that better performance is obtainable with two-mode systems. Properties of two-mode systems are considered and lead to an evaluation of the limits of synchronizing performance permitted by the color burst. The mathematical derivations necessary to support the discussion are presented in the Appendixes.
The Reactance Theorem for a Resonator

The Foster reactance theorem which states that in any loss-free network, dX/dω is positive, is here proved for any loss-free resonator. However, to establish the existence of an input impedance, the author feeds the resonator with a coaxial (or other suitable) transmission line. The proof is based upon an extension of Helmholtz's theorem of adiabatic invariants. The variation of frequency is attained by a slow (adiabatic) movement of a short-circuiting plug in the transmission line while the cavity is oscillating.
A monolithic single-crystal yttrium iron garnet/silicon X-band circulator

Production of truly monolithic microwave integrated circuits that incorporate ferrite passive control elements has been hindered by the material property mismatches between ferrites and semiconductors. In this work, monolithic Y-junction circulators were fabricated by bonding 100-μm-thick single-crystal yttrium iron garnet films to silicon at 195/spl deg/C, and then removing the gadolinium gallium garnet substrate. S-parameter measurements on the circulator and matching microstrip circuit yield an isolation of 20 dB over a 1 GHz bandwidth at 9 GHz, with a minimum insertion loss near 1 dB. Improvements in circuit design and fabrication techniques may yield monolithic circulators that are fully compatible with large-scale semiconductor manufacturing methods.
Application of Neural Logic to Speech Analysis and Recognition

This paper describes signal-processing techniques for the recognition of speech phonemes by machine. An attempt has been made to employ, wherever useful, basic processing functions of the human auditory system. These basic functions include neural interconnections and the mechanical transfer functions of the receptor organs. The neural interconnections bave been simulated by the use of neural logic. The purpose of this paper is to describe the logic networks that have been developed for the abstraction of speech features.
Lagrange Programming Neural Network for TOA-Based Localization with Clock Asynchronization and Sensor Location Uncertainties

Source localization based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements in the presence of clock asynchronization and sensor position uncertainties is investigated in this paper. Different from the traditional numerical algorithms, a neural circuit named Lagrange programming neural network (LPNN) is employed to tackle the nonlinear and nonconvex constrained optimization problem of source localization. With the augmented term, two types of neural networks are developed from the original maximum likelihood functions based on the general framework provided by LPNN. The convergence and local stability of the proposed neural networks are analyzed in this paper. In addition, the Cramér-Rao lower bound is also derived as a benchmark in the presence of clock asynchronization and sensor position uncertainties. Simulation results verify the superior performance of the proposed LPNN over the traditional numerical algorithms and its robustness to resist the impact of a high level of measurement noise, clock asynchronization, as well as sensor position uncertainties.
Long-Term Results in Isolated Metopic Synostosis: The Oxford Experience over 22 Years

Background: Metopic synostosis causing trigonocephaly is treated by fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling to correct the deformity and cerebral distortion and to treat intracranial hypertension in a small number of cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate complications, revisions, and long-term outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on consecutive metopic craniosynostosis patients treated between February of 1995 and February of 2017 at the Oxford Craniofacial Unit. Results: Two hundred forty-five patients with isolated metopic synostosis were seen. Two hundred two patients underwent fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling. Fifty patients were girls and 152 patients were boys. Mean age at surgery was 16.8 months. Mean weight preoperatively was 12 kg. All patients received blood transfusion. Mean postoperative stay was 6 days. Average follow-up time was 8 years (range, 0.5 to 22 years). There were eight major complications (4 percent). Six patients (2.9 percent) required secondary calvarial expansion for late raised intracranial pressure. Thirty-one (15 percent) had other subsequent procedures, including wire removal and forehead shape contouring with alloplastic onlay. Raised intracranial pressure before surgery was confirmed in two cases by intracranial pressure monitoring. Conclusions: Trigonocephaly is caused by metopic synostosis and is treated by fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling to restore both internal and external skull configuration. After surgery, the authors identified a 2.9 percent risk of late raised intracranial pressure requiring a secondary calvarial expansion, necessitating prolonged follow-up in all cases. Temporal hollowing and forehead contour defects were not uncommon. This is the largest reported series of metopic synostosis. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
Antiulcer Agents: From Plant Extracts to Phytochemicals in Healing Promotion

In this narrative review, we have comprehensively reviewed the plant sources used as antiulcer agents. From traditional uses as herbal remedies, we have moved on to preclinical evidence, critically discussing the in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on plant extracts and even isolated phytochemicals with antiulcerogenic potential. A particular emphasis was also paid to Helicobacter pylori activity, with emphasis on involved mechanisms of action. Lastly, the issue of safety profile of these plant products has also been addressed.
Rapid Rebound of a Preexisting CXCR4-tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Variant After Allogeneic Transplantation With CCR5 &Dgr;32 Homozygous Stem Cells

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) of homozygous CCR5 Δ32 stem cells once resulted in the cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We have recently reported a viral breakthrough in a similar setting. Here, we demonstrate that the rapid rebound after alloSCT was related to a highly replicative CXCR4-tropic HIV variant, which could already be detected before alloSCT.
Evolutionary Conflict between Mobile DNA and Host Genomes*

The proportion of eukaryotic genomes composed of active or formerly active mobile elements (MEs) is known to vary widely across lineages, but the explanations for why remain largely unknown. Given that ME activity, like other forms of mutation, is thought to be (on average) slightly deleterious in terms of phenotypic effects, understanding the widespread proliferation of MEs in host genomes requires an evolutionary framework. To better develop such a framework, we review the spectrum of resolutions to the genetic conflict between MEs and their hosts: inactivation of MEs due to mutation accumulation, negative selection (or lack thereof) against hosts with high ME loads, silencing of MEs (by hosts or MEs), ME domestication by their hosts, and the horizontal transfer of MEs to new hosts. We also highlight ecological and evolutionary theory from which ME researchers might borrow in order to explain large-scale patterns of ME dynamics across systems. We hope that a synthesis of the surprisingly significant role played by MEs in the genome, as well as the spectrum of resolutions, applicable theory, and recent discoveries, will have two outcomes for future researchers: better parsing of known variation in ME proliferation patterns across genomes and the development of testable models and predictions regarding the evolutionary trajectory of MEs based on a combination of theory, the comparative method, experimental evolution, and empirical observations.
Is gender inequity a risk factor for men reporting poorer self-rated health in the United States?

Theoretical approaches suggest that gender inequity increases men’s health risks. Previous findings from the United States support this contention, however only a small number of health outcomes have been explored. This study extends the range of health outcomes examined by using a cross-sectional, multilevel analysis to investigate whether measures of state-level gender inequity are predictors of men’s self-rated health. Data were derived primarily from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the full-case data set included 116,594 individuals nested within 50 states. Gender inequity was measured with nine variables: higher education, women’s reproductive rights, abortion provider access, elected office, management, business ownership, labour force participation, earnings and relative poverty. Covariates at the individual level were age, income, education, race/ethnicity, marital status and employment status. Covariates at the state level were income inequality and gross domestic product per capita. In fully adjusted models for all-age men the reproductive rights (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.01–1.11), abortion provider access (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.05–1.16) and earnings (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.02–1.12) measures all predicted an increased risk of men reporting poorer self-rated health for each 1 standard deviation increase in the gender inequity z-score. The most consistent effect was seen for the 65+ age group where the reproductive rights (OR 1.09 95% CI 1.03–1.16), abortion provider access (OR 1.15 95% CI 1.09–1.21), elected office (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.01–1.11) and earnings (OR 1.10 95% CI 1.04–1.16) measures all showed a significant effect. These findings provide evidence that some aspects of gender inequity increase the risk of poorer self-rated health in men. The study contributes to a growing body of literature implicating gender inequity in men’s health patterns.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pacemaker-Associated Infection.

BACKGROUND Approximately 105 000 cardiac electronic devices are newly implanted in Germany each year. Germany has the highest implantation rate with respect to population of any European country. Infections in cardiac implants are serious complications, with an associated in-hospital mortality of 5-15%. It is thus very important to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies by which such infections can be detected early and treated effectively. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a search in PubMed, with special attention to the current recommendations of international medical specialty societies. RESULTS According to the international literature, the incidence of device-associated infection is 1.7% (in six months) for implanted defibrillators and 9.5% (in two years) for resynchronization devices. No absolute figures on infection rates are available for Germany. Infection can involve either the site where the impulse generator is implanted or the intravascular portion of the electrodes. The most important elements of the diagnostic evaluation are: assessment of the local findings; pathogen identification by culture of peripheral blood, swabs of the infected site, or material recovered at surgery; and transesophageal echocardiography to detect endocarditic deposits on the electrodes or cardiac valves. The treatment consists of appropriate antibiotic administration and the complete removal of all foreign material. These special extractions are generally performed via the transvenous route. With the aid of various sheath systems, the procedure can be carried out safely and effectively, with a success rate above 95% and a complication rate below 3%. The indications for the implantation of a new device after eradication of the infection should be critically reassessed. CONCLUSION Untreated infection carries a high mortality. Evaluation and treatment according to a standardized clinical algorithm facilitate correct and timely diagnosis and the choice of an appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Nubifragi eccezionali in Italia: analisi preliminare di rilevanza sugli eventi 1920-2000

Negli ultimi anni i grandi nubifragi si sono rivelati la causa prevalente di vittime da eventi naturali. Dati in proposito sono reperibili in: http://polaris.irpi. cnr.it/report/last-report/ (v.a. Salvati et al, 2010) anche se l’impatto mediatico di questi eventi è da solo sufficiente a giustificarne la rilevanza. In Claps et al. (2013) si sono suggerite direzioni di approfondimento a supporto dell’analisi statistica dei Super-Estremi pluviometrici. In Claps et al. (2016) tali indicazioni sono rilanciate nella direzione del tentativo di compilare una base di dati aggiornata a scala nazionale.
Change in Cognitive Performance From Midlife Into Old Age: Findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study

Abstract Objectives: A substantial body of research has documented age-related declines in cognitive abilities among adults over 60, yet there is much less known about changes in cognitive abilities during midlife. The goal was to examine longitudinal changes in multiple cognitive domains from early midlife through old age in a large national sample, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Methods: The Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) was administered on two occasions (MIDUS 2, MIDUS 3), an average of 9 years apart. At MIDUS 3, those with the cognitive assessment (N=2518) ranged in age from 42 to 92 years (M=64.30; SD=11.20) and had a mean education of 14.68 years (SD=2.63). The BTACT includes assessment of key aging-sensitive cognitive domains: immediate and delayed free recall, number series, category fluency, backward digit span, processing speed, and reaction time for attention switching and inhibitory control, which comprise two factors: episodic memory and executive functioning. Results: As predicted, all cognitive subtests and factors showed very small but significant declines over 9 years, with differences in the timing and extent of change. Processing speed showed the earliest and steepest decrements. Those with higher educational attainment scored better on all tests except reaction time. Men had better executive functioning and women performed better on episodic memory. Conclusions: Examining cognitive changes in midlife provides opportunities for early detection of cognitive impairments and possibilities for preventative interventions. (JINS, 2018, 24, 805–820)
What’s New in Musculoskeletal Infection

This Update on musculoskeletal infection presents a review of infection-related articles from 2017, from journals in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases in the clinical areas of arthroplasty, orthopaedic oncology, orthopaedic trauma, pediatric orthopaedics, and hand surgery. Publications on infectious-disease topics that were relevant to orthopaedics, including antimicrobial prophylaxis (locally applied vancomycin powder), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines on surgical site infection (SSI) prevention, published in 2017, were also reviewed.