Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Non-Matrix Based Power Flow Algorithm for Solving Integrated Transmission and Distribution Systems

Academic) This work presents an alternative approach to power system computations, Graph Trace Analysis (GTA), and applies GTA to the power flow problem. A novel power flow algorithm is presented, where GTA traces are used to implement a modified Gauss-Seidel algorithm coupled with a continuation method. GTA is derived from the Generic Programming Paradigm of computer science. It uses topology iterators to move through components in a model and perform calculations. Two advantages that GTA brings are the separation of system equations from component equations and the ability to distribute calculations across processors. The implementation of KVL and KCL in GTA is described. The GTA based power flow algorithm is shown to solve IEEE standard transmission models, IEEE standard distribution models, and integrated transmission and distribution models (hybrid models) constructed from modifying IEEE standard models. The GTA power flow is shown to solve a set of robustness testing circuits, and solutions are compared with other power flow algorithms. This comparison illustrates convergence characteristics of different power flow algorithms in the presence of voltage stability concerns. It is also demonstrated that the GTA power flow solves integrated transmission and distribution system models. Advantages that GTA power flow bring are the ability to solve realistic, complex circuit models that pose problems to many traditional algorithms; the ability to solve circuits that are operating far from nominal conditions; and the ability to solve transmission and distribution networks together in the same model. Robust Non-Matrix Based Power Flow Algorithm for Solving Integrated Transmission and Distribution Systems
Francis SPATIAL , TEMPORAL AND TAXONOMIC VARIATION IN CORAL GROWTH — IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS

1ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia Email: morgan.pratchett@jcu.edu. au 2College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia 3School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK 4School of Biological Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 5Department of Biology, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA 6Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia
Important Factors in Sport Tourism Development in West Azerbaijan with the Emphasis on Natural-Sport Attractions

The purpose of this study was the survey of problems and effective factors on sport tourism development in west Azerbaijan with the emphasis on natural-sport attractions. The subjects of this research were 103 experts’. The current research was survey type and performed as a kind of field-research. Data were collected by using a researchermade questionnaire based on Likert scale ( =0.93). Collected data were analyzed by using Factor Analysis method. Results of the study showed that: Attractions related to the aquaticcoastal and summary sports, and attractions respect to the woodland and desert-running, respectively had the highest and lowest amount. So, effective management and comprehensive planning with strong belief toward investment considering geysers attractions and nature therapy can be helpful to the development of this industry. Therefore, in order to improve sport tourism infrastructure, special budget must be devoted for sports facilities. Moreover, residential and welfare equipments must be created regarding the geographical and regional conditions of each area.
A learned shape-adaptive subsurface scattering model

Subsurface scattering, in which light refracts into a translucent material to interact with its interior, is the dominant mode of light transport in many types of organic materials. Accounting for this phenomenon is thus crucial for visual realism, but explicit simulation of the complex internal scattering process is often too costly. BSSRDF models based on analytic transport solutions are significantly more efficient but impose severe assumptions that are almost always violated, e.g. planar geometry, isotropy, low absorption, and spatio-directional separability. The resulting discrepancies between model and usage lead to objectionable errors in renderings, particularly near geometric features that violate planarity. This article introduces a new shape-adaptive BSSRDF model that retains the efficiency of prior analytic methods while greatly improving overall accuracy. Our approach is based on a conditional variational autoencoder, which learns to sample from a reference distribution produced by a brute-force volumetric path tracer. In contrast to the path tracer, our autoencoder directly samples outgoing locations on the object surface, bypassing a potentially lengthy internal scattering process. The distribution is conditional on both material properties and a set of features characterizing geometric variation in a neighborhood of the incident location. We use a low-order polynomial to model the local geometry as an implicitly defined surface, capturing curvature, thickness, corners, as well as cylindrical and toroidal regions. We present several examples of objects with challenging medium parameters and complex geometry and compare to ground truth simulations and prior work.
Supplementary material for: Sorting photons by radial quantum number

Yiyu Zhou,1 Mohammad Mirhosseini,1, ∗ Dongzhi Fu,1, 2 Jiapeng Zhao,1 Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani,1 Alan E. Willner,3 and Robert W. Boyd1, 4 The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada (Dated: November 13, 2017)
Time-lapse imaging of a dynamic phosphorylation-dependent protein–protein interaction in mammalian cells

The ability to make sensitive measurements of protein–protein interaction kinetics in single neurons is critical for understanding the molecular and cellular basis of neuronal function. We have developed a reporter technology based on the differential induction of Escherichia coli TEM-1 β-lactamase (Bla) enzymatic activity that can function as a sensor of the interaction state of two target proteins within single neurons in vivo. To modulate Bla enzymatic activity, we first split the enzyme into two separate, complementary protein fragments that we identified by using a functional screening approach based on circular permutation of the Bla enzyme. The split enzyme was then brought together by the phosphorylation-dependent association of the kinase inducible domain of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the KIX domain of the CREB binding protein. Using an intracellular substrate whose fluorescence spectrum changes after hydrolysis by Bla, we performed time-lapse ratiometric imaging measurements of Bla enzymatic induction after association of the CREB and CREB binding protein interaction domains. This approach permits direct imaging of protein–protein interactions in single cells with high signal discrimination.
Analysis of Surgical Success in Preventing Recurrent Acute Exacerbations in Chronic Pancreatitis

ObjectiveTo determine whether surgical intervention prevents recurrent acute exacerbations in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Summary Background DataThe primary goal of surgical intervention in the treatment of CP has been relief of chronic unrelenting abdominal pain. A subset of patients with CP have intermittent acute exacerbations, often with increasing frequency and often unrelated to ongoing ethanol abuse. Little data exist regarding the effectiveness of surgery to prevent acute attacks. MethodsFrom 1985 to 1999, all patients identified with a diagnosis of CP were recruited to participate in an ongoing program of serial clinic visits and functional and clinical evaluations. Patients were offered surgery using standard criteria. Data were gathered regarding ethanol abuse, pain, narcotic use, and recurrent acute exacerbations requiring hospital admission before and after surgery. Patients were broadly categorized as having severe unrelenting pain alone (group 1), severe pain with intermittent acute exacerbations (group 2), and intermittent acute exacerbations only (group 3). ResultsTwo hundred fifty-nine patients were recruited. One hundred eighty-five patients underwent 199 surgical procedures (124 modified Puestow procedure [LPJ], 29 distal pancreatectomies [DP], and 46 pancreatic head resections [PHR; 14 performed after failure of LPJ]). There were no deaths. The complication rate was 4% for LPJ, 15% for DP, and 27% for PHR. Ethanol abuse was causative in 238 patients (92%). Mean follow-up was 81 months. There were 104 patients in group 1 (86 who underwent surgery), 71 patients in group 2 (64 who underwent surgery), and 84 in group 3 (49 who underwent surgery). No patient without surgery had spontaneous resolution of symptoms. Postoperative pain relief (freedom from narcotic analgesics) was achieved in 153 of 185 patients (83%) overall: 106 of 124 (86%) for LPJ, 19 of 29 (67%) for DP, and 42 of 46 (91%) for PHR. The mean rate of acute exacerbations was 6.3 ± 2.1 events per year before surgery in group 2 and 7.8 ± 1.8 events per year in group 3. After surgery, no acute exacerbations occurred in 42 of 64 (66%) group 2 patients and in 40 of 49 (82%) group 3 patients. The mean number of episodes of acute exacerbation after surgery was 1.6 ± 2.3 events in group 2 and 1.1 ± 1.9 events in group 3. Only four patients in group 2 and one patient in group 3 had an equal or increased frequency of attacks after surgery. Preventing attacks was most effective with LPJ (58/64, 91%) and least effective for DP (6/18, 33%). ConclusionsSurgical intervention prevents recurrent acute exacerbations. The overall frequency of events was reduced in nearly all patients. Therefore, surgical intervention is indicated in patients with CP whose disease is characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations.
“A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty” – Understanding the psycho-sociological influences to it

This paper presents an empirical study to understand how psycho-sociological factors inﬂuence on optimism/pessimism at the individual level . Optimists believe that future events are going to work out for the best; pessimists expect the worst. Their expectations manifest in their day-to-day behaviour and also reﬂects the way a person tweets or behaves in online social media. To this end, we have identiﬁed optimist/pessimist users from Twitter, analyzed their personality (psychological) and values & ethics (sociological) at the community level. Empirical analysis reveals some interesting insights and behavioral patterns related to user level optimism/pessimism in different combinations of psychological and sociological factors, are reported.
Toxicity of Copper, Cobalt, and Nickel Salts Is Dependent on Histidine Metabolism in the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT The pH-dependent inhibition of 22 metal salts have been systematically investigated for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have established that the inhibition of growth by Cu, Co, or Ni salts is markedly enhanced by histidine auxotrophy and by increasing the pH of the medium. Each of the his1-his7mutant strains were unable to grow in the presence of elevated levels of Cu, Co, or Ni at nearly neutral pHs, in contrast to His+strains, which grew under these conditions. The Cu, Co, or Ni inhibition was reversed by the addition of histidine to the medium. Deletion of the high-affinity histidine permease Hip1p in His− strains resulted in even greater sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni and the requirement of an even higher level of histidine to reverse the inhibition. These results suggest that intracellular histidine, most likely in the vacuole, diminishes the pH-dependent toxicity of Cu, Co, and Ni. Furthermore, the toxicity of many salts is exacerbated in strains with a defective vacuolar H+-ATPase, which abolishes the ability of yeast to maintain an acidic vacuole, a compartment known to sequester metal compounds. We suggest that the accumulation of histidine in the vacuole is a normal process used to detoxify Cu, Co, and Ni.
Targeting the IGF1 axis in cancer proliferation

The IGF network of ligands, cell-surface receptors and IGF-binding proteins has important roles at multiple levels, including the cellular, organ and organism levels. The IGF system mediates growth, differentiation and developmental processes, and is also involved in various metabolic activities. Dysregulation of IGF system expression and action is linked to diverse pathologies, ranging from growth deficits to cancer development. Targeting of the IGF axis emerged in recent years as a promising therapeutic approach in conditions in which the IGF system is involved. Specific IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) targeting, in particular, produced the best experimental and clinical results so far, and generated significant optimism in the field. This review provides a basic analysis of the role of the IGF1R in cancer biology and explores the functional interactions between the IGF signaling pathways and various cancer genes (e.g., oncogenes, tumor suppressors). In addition, we review a number of specific malignancies in which the IGF system is involved and summarize recent data on preclinical and clinical studies employing IGF1R-targeted modalities.
Risk of recurrence in patients with colon cancer stage II and III: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature

Abstract Background. Adjuvant chemotherapy is established routine therapy for colon cancer (CC) patients with radically resected stage III and ‘high-risk’ stage II disease. The decision on recommending adjuvant chemotherapy, however, is based on data from older patient cohorts not reflecting improvements in pre-operative staging, surgery, and pathological examination. The aim is to review the current risk of recurrence in stage II and III patients and second, to estimate the relative importance of routinely assessed clinico-pathological variables. Methods. The PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled studies and observational studies published after 1 January 2005 with patients included after January 1995 on prognosis in surgically treated stage II and III CC patients. Results. Of 2596 studies identified, 37 met the inclusion criteria and 25 provided data for meta-analysis. The total patient sample size in the 25 studies reporting either disease-free (DFS) or recurrence-free survival was 15 559 in stage II and 18 425 in stage III. Five-year DFS for stage II patients operated without subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy was 81.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 75.4–87.4; in studies with good/very good quality of reporting 82.7%, (95% CI 80.8–84.6)]. For stage II patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, the five-year DFS was 79.3% (95% CI 75.6–83.1). For stage III patients without chemotherapy, five-year DFS was 49.0% (95% CI 23.2–74.8) and for those treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, 63.6% (95% CI 59.3–67.9). The prognostic impact of commonly investigated clinico-pathological parameters, (pT-stage, pN-stage, differentiation, number of lymph nodes studied, MMR-status, and emergency surgery) were confirmed. Conclusions. In this meta-analysis, studies with good quality of reporting show a five-year DFS of 82.7% for stage II CC without adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas the five-year DFS is 63.8% for stage III CC with adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to insufficient reporting on treatment quality the presented DFS is likely an under-estimation of what is achieved at high-quality centers today.
Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans

Recent studies have suggested that changing direction is associated with significant additional energy expenditure. A failure to account for this additional energy expenditure of turning has significant implications in the design and interpretation of health interventions. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of walking speed and angle, and their interaction, on energy expenditure in 20 healthy adults (7 female; 28±7 yrs). On two separate days, participants completed a turning protocol at one of 16 speed- (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 km∙h-1) and angle (0, 45, 90, 180°) combinations, involving three minute bouts of walking, interspersed by three minutes seated rest. Each condition involved 5 m of straight walking before turning through the pre-determined angle with the speed dictated by a digital, auditory metronome. Tri-axial accelerometry and magnetometry were measured at 60 Hz, in addition to gas exchange on a breath-by-breath basis. Mixed models revealed a significant main effect for speed (F = 121.609, P < 0.001) and angle (F = 19.186, P < 0.001) on oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and a significant interaction between these parameters (F = 4.433, P < 0.001). Specifically, as speed increased, V˙O2 increased but significant increases in V˙O2 relative to straight line walking were only observed for 90° and 180° turns at the two highest speeds (4.5 and 5.5 km∙hr-1). These findings therefore highlight the importance of accounting for the quantity and magnitude of turns completed when estimating energy expenditure and have significant implications within both sport and health contexts.
Global behaviour of bistable solutions for gradient systems in one unbounded spatial dimension

where spatial domain is the whole real line, state-parameter u is multidimensional, and the potential V is coercive at infinity. For such systems, under generic assumptions on the potential, the asymptotic behaviour of every bistable solution — that is, every solution close at both ends of space to spatially homogeneous stable equilibria — is described. Every such solutions approaches, far to the left in space a stacked family of bistable fronts travelling to the left, far to the right in space a stacked family of bistable fronts travelling to the right, and in between a pattern of stationary solutions homoclinic or heteroclinic to homogeneous stable equilibria. This result pushes one step further the program initiated in the late seventies by Fife and MacLeod about the global asymptotic behaviour of bistable solutions, by extending their results to the case of systems. In the absence of maximum principle, the arguments are purely variational, and call upon previous results obtained in companion papers.
Epilepsy (partial).

INTRODUCTION About 3% of people will be diagnosed with epilepsy during their lifetime, but about 70% of people with epilepsy eventually go into remission. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of starting antiepileptic drug treatment following a single seizure? What are the effects of drug monotherapy in people with partial epilepsy? What are the effects of additional drug treatments in people with drug-resistant partial epilepsy? What is the risk of relapse in people in remission when withdrawing antiepileptic drugs? What are the effects of behavioural and psychological treatments for people with epilepsy? What are the effects of surgery in people with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 83 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiepileptic drugs after a single seizure; monotherapy for partial epilepsy using carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, or topiramate; addition of second-line drugs for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (allopurinol, eslicarbazepine, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, losigamone, oxcarbazepine, retigabine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, or zonisamide); antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with partial or generalised epilepsy who are in remission; behavioural and psychological treatments for partial or generalised epilepsy (biofeedback, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), educational programmes, family counselling, relaxation therapy (alone or plus behavioural modification therapy, yoga); and surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy ( lesionectomy, temporal lobectomy, vagus nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy).
COMPARISON OF A UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTIONAL PROPOSAL WITH DAILY CLASSROOM PRACTICES

This article presents part of the results of a qualitative study focused on describing the teaching methods used in a sample of university courses, in order to compare them with the methods advocated by the university. After observing and analyzing 102 class hours, variations were found in the courses analyzed, in eight aspects of the pedagogical method: course goal, type of content, class structure, types of classroom interaction, use and transfer of knowledge, student involvement and interest during class, academic standards and the use of constructivist and transmissionist methods. Of the sixteen cases studied, five were using a method close to the university’s proposal, four had intermediate methods and seven were employing a method far from the institutional proposal.
Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Reinforced Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Composite

Graphene being very strong could be applied as reinforcement in cemented carbides. Mixing of graphene with tungsten carbide could act as a diffusion barrier to prevent grain growth during sintering. Graphene being impermeable to gases could be used as a protective coating against oxidation and also it used as a potential alternative to carbon black for carburization. WC powder with 6% cobalt (Co) and graphene (0.2%) in the form of graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) was prepared by high energy rate ball milling and ultrasonification. The mixture was sintered using spark plasma sintering at 1250 oC for 10 min. To study, the effects of graphene reinforcement and spark plasma sintering was studied by analyzing the physical (density), magnetic (coercivity, and magnetic saturation), microstructural (porosity) and mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness). It is concluded that the spark plasma sintering of GNP-reinforced WC-Co composite resulted in significant increase in toughness. It gave higher hardness (~400 Hv) and it makes the grain size distribution narrower. Reaction of graphene is limited in spark plasma sintering (SPS) and Graphene acts as a protective coating against oxidation.