Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Physics Analysis to Effectively Evaluate Thermal Performance of Liquid-Cooled Electric Machines

Thermal analysis plays an important role in predicting the overall performance of an electric machine. An accurate Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) is required for an accurate and reliable thermal model representing the amount of heat that can be transferred by the system. Analytical calculation of HTC is difficult for sophisticated geometric bodies since the correlations are only available for simple geometries. This paper presents a 2- way numerical multi-physics approach using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to determine HTC and evaluate the thermal performance of a liquid-cooled electric machine. The approach presents a convenient, time-efficient, and reliable solution applicable to the optimization process. The numerically obtained HTC for a commonly used coolant channel in liquid-cooled electric machines is verified analytically using correlations. The study uses a 60 kW switched reluctance machine (SRM) as an example model to evaluate the thermal performance of the machine. Results are validated with the experimentally obtained data.
Triaxial Smart Sensor Based on the Advanced Analysis of Stray Flux and Currents for the Reliable Fault Detection in Induction Motors

The most recent trend in the electric motor condition monitoring area relies on combining the information obtained from different machine quantities in order to reach a more reliable conclusion about the motor’s health. This knowledge is of critical importance nowadays, especially in industrial applications in which unexpected outages can lead to severe repercussions. This paper presents a new intelligent sensor that combines, in a single unit, the information obtained from the analysis of different quantities. In its current version the diagnostic provided by the sensor is obtained from the analysis of stray fluxes (both axial and radial) and currents. Unlike other solutions, the sensor is based on the application of advanced signal processing tools that are adapted to the analysis of these quantities under transient conditions. The combination of these new tools with the classical steady-state analysis of such quantities enables to obtain a more reliable conclusion on the motor health. The experiments included in the paper demonstrate the reliability provided by the sensor, which is being prepared to incorporate a third input based on infrared data.
Modeling and Control of a Discontinuous Quasi-Switched Boost Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Tied Applications

The main advantage of DC-linked type quasi-switched boost inverter is the low voltage stress on the impedance-source network devices when compared with quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI). In this paper, a DC-linked quasi-switched boost cascaded multilevel inverter (DqSB-CMI) is proposed. This paper further addresses detailed modeling and control issues of the DqSBI-CMI used for grid-tied applications. The proposed system can solve the imbalance problem of DClink voltage and the power between different modules, providing the desired power to the grid. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the control system and theoretical analysis of the DqSB-CMI.
A Cross-Platform Classroom Training Simulator: Interaction Design and EvaluationA Cross-Platform Classroom Training Simulator: Interaction Design and Evaluation

Virtual training environments experienced with different immersive technologies can accommodate users’ preferences, proficiency, and platform availability. Whereas research comparing the effects of immersive technologies can provide important insights about their impact on users’ experience (e.g. engagement, transfer of learning), current studies do not address how to design the user interface (UI) to ensure sound comparisons across platforms. For effective comparisons, however, the UI designs must be adapted for the platform used to provide comparable usability. In this article we describe our UI design methodology for the development of an effective and usable virtual classroom training simulator built for three technologies: (1) desktop; (2) Head-Mounted Display (HMD); and (3) Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). Usability and other user experience factors were evaluated for each platform with concurrent think-aloud protocol and semi-structured interviews indicating that all three UIs were easy to use and to learn. We discuss insights for future development of cross-platform VTEs.
Si Nanoribbons based High Performance Printed FETs using Room-Temperature deposited Dielectric

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of transfer printed Si nanoribbons (NRs) based field effect transistor (NRFETs). The critical steps such as high-k gate dielectric (silicon nitride (SiN)) were carried out at room temperature (RT), by using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapour deposition (ICP-CVD) method. The presented device exhibit mobility (~ 656 cm2 V−1.s−1) and On/Off ratio (>106) at par with conventional Si devices. The fabricated flexible Si NRFETs were evaluated under multiple bending cycles (~100) and the performance was found to be stable. The presented approach demonstrates the potential for direct printing of high performance flexible electronics.
Design of High-Power Density Interleaved 3-Phase 5-Level E-Type Back-to-Back Converter

This paper describes the design and the optimization of the Interleaved 3-Phase 5-Level E-Type Back-to-Back Converter (I-3Φ5L BTB E-Type Converter). In the proposed converter, the AC-AC conversion is developed through two parallel 5-level E-Type legs using intercell transformers. A brief introduction to the characteristics of the I-3Φ5L BTB E-Type Converter is given, the general analysis and the design optimization are presented. Furthermore, the hardware realization of the 20 kW 3Φ5L BTB E-Type Converter prototype is discussed, striving for the highest possible efficiency. The converter prototype is characterized by the total weight of 6.18 kg and the power density of 8.4kW/dm3. The experimental results validate the presented theoretical analysis.
Comparative Topology and Power Loss Analysis on 48V-to-1V Direct Step-Down Non-Isolated DC-DC Switched-Mode Power Converters

Along with the exponential growth of datacenter business, power delivery systems for datacenters act quickly to adopt 48V power architecture in order to achieve less distribution (I2R) loss, higher power density, and reduced cost. However, 48V power architecture faces major challenge in its efficiency of direct power conversion from 48V down to 1V. This paper presents a comparative power loss analysis between half-bridge buck converter, multi-level buck converters, and hybrid Dickson converters. The performance of each converter was verified in a high voltage 0. 18μm BCD process, with major power switches implemented with power LDMOS FETs. The switch sizes of each converter were optimized at load current of 10A and effective output switching frequency (fSW,EFF) of 1MHz. Inductor sizes were selected to keep current ripples at 1.5A, while flying capacitor sizes were selected to keep voltage ripples within 5% of respective capacitor voltages. Output capacitors were selected to keep the output ripples below 10mV. In the load range from 1A to 30A, multi-level buck converters achieve at least 12% higher efficiency than half-bridge buck converter but with at least 92% silicon area overhead. Hybrid Dickson converters achieve at least 19.2% higher efficiency than half-bridge buck converter, and a double series-capacitor buck converter achieves a peak efficiency of 91.95% at 7A while keeping silicon area overhead within 38%.
Influence of PLL Parameters on Small-Signal Stability of Microgrids with Synchronous Generators

Hybrid microgrids (MGs) with both renewable energy sources (RESs) and diesel-generator sets are used to guarantee the continuity of power supply in remote areas with no access to electricity networks. RESs are commonly interfaced by using electronic power converters with their control system based on a current controller and phase-locked loop (PLL). When connected to MGs, these control loops interact with the control systems of diesel generators and there is almost no information in the literature assessing this interaction. Furthermore, small-signal stability studies of MGs including detailed models of diesel generators based on synchronous machines are scarce. In this paper, a small-signal model of a hybrid MG is developed. It includes a synchronous generator (SG) with damper windings that is driven by a diesel engine and a voltage source converter (VSC) that uses a PLL to synchronise with the SG. The impact of the PLL parameters on the MG eigenvalues is analysed. Transient responses obtained from theoretical models are verified in a laboratory set-up.
Growing Neural Gas-based Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA) Technique for SynRMs

This paper proposes a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) technique specifically developed for Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRMs). The proposed MTPA is based on a self-organizing artificial neural network, called Growing Neural Gas (GNG). The GNG gas been trained in order to learn the real maximum torque per ampere points of the SynRM under test. The proposed MTPA has been tested experimentally on a suitably developed test set-up. The obtained experimental results clearly highlight a significant increase of maximum producible torque, with respect to the previously developed MTPA techniques.
Sources of Long-Term Economic Growth and High Technologies in Telecommunications

The main issue that arises from the many years of telecommunications history is that outdated regulatory frameworks designed to defend consumers from monopolistic practices tend to actually defend monopolistic market structures from entrepreneurs that wish to introduce new business models, services and technology. The goal of the paper is to discuss the role of investment into telecommunications technology on economic growth and the necessary conditions for its effective application. It presents the causal links between the climate for entrepreneurship and innovation, with particular reference to the contemporary role played by telecommunications technology in Bulgaria. The role of telecommunications technology in the modern economy and its connection to total factor productivity, as well as the barriers to the effective application of that technology, are investigated. Some of these barriers are intrinsic to the technology itself, but many are the consequence of government regulatory and legislative policies that limit entrepreneurial undertakings.
Signal Processing on Directed Graphs: The Role of Edge Directionality When Processing and Learning From Network Data

This article provides an overview of the current landscape of signal processing (SP) on directed graphs (digraphs). Directionality is inherent to many real-world (information, transportation, biological) networks, and it should play an integral role in processing and learning from network data. We thus lay out a comprehensive review of recent advances in SP on digraphs, offering insights through comparisons with results available for undirected graphs, discussing emerging directions, establishing links with related areas in machine learning and causal inference in statistics as well as illustrating their practical relevance to timely applications. To this end, we begin by surveying (orthonormal) signal representations and their graph-frequency interpretations based on novel measurements of signal variation for digraphs. We then move on to filtering, a central component in deriving a comprehensive theory of SP on digraphs. Indeed, through the lens of filter-based generative signal models, we explore a unified framework to study inverse problems (e.g., sampling and deconvolution on networks), the statistical analysis of random signals, and the topology inference of digraphs from nodal observations.
PEDOT:PSS/PDMS-coated cotton fabric for ECG electrode

For electrocardiography (ECG) applications, gel dependant metallic electrodes such as Ag/AgCl are typically used, but these cause skin irritation and become dehydrated over time. To overcome these problems, a flexible electro-conductive textile material with a surface resistance of 332.5 Ω/sq and resistivity of 6.6 Ω. cm has been developed by coating PEDOT:PSS/PDMS on cotton fabric via flat screen printing. The coated fabric has been used to construct ECG electrodes and was compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. An ECG waveform (with peaks P = 0.14 mV, QRS = 0.96 mV and T = 0.36 mV) has been collected with the textile-based electrodes during 3 minutes of static ECG measurement. The signal quality was comparable with the Ag/AgCl standard electrodes (P = 0.15 mV, QRS = 0.98 mV and T = 0.48 mV). The textile-based dry electrodes could potentially replace the gelled standard biopotential electrodes and avoid associated problems, especially for prolonged monitoring.
Creative Corbel Modeling Using Evolution Principle

Corbel is a common category of decorative architectural geometry that has clear structure and aesthetic design. This paper presents a method for automatically generating a group of new corbel models from one selected by the user in the dataset. The method consists of offline learning and online generation. The offline learning trains two VAE models (2D CurveVAE and 3D VoxelVAE) for learning the feature representation of corbel parts. The online generation includes a generation algorithm by evolution that evolves to product new generation of models by crossing over and mutating features, and a feature-driven deformation that synthesizes 3D mesh representation of corbel models. By integrating these technical components, we develop a creative corbel modeling tool capable of generating new corbel models that are both “more of the same” and “surprising”, which is demonstrated by experiments.
Diffusion processes in membranes containing coexisting domains investigated by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

The aim of this study is to link domain and microdomain formation to diffusion behaviour in artificial planar membranes using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In recent years it has been established that the membrane structure is not homogeneous but contains various domains e.g. so called rafts those including cholesterol. However, even in simple pure lipid systems in a gel and fluid coexistence phase macrodomains and microdomains (in which the lipid states differ) can be observed. The existence of domains is also predicted from statistical thermodynamics simulations, and has been observed by Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy (CFM) or Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The presence of gel and fluid heterogeneities can influence diffusion processes in membranes. Therefore diffusion processes in hydrated multilamellar membranes of mixtures of various phospholipids supported on a quartz coverslip were investigated by FCS. Fluorescent intensity fluctuations, analysed via a correlation function, give information on the translational diffusion coefficient, Dτ, and the diffusion time, τD, as well as on the mean number of dye molecules in the laser focus, . The diffusion coefficient in a pure fluid phase was found to be approximately two order in magnitude faster than the diffusion coefficient in a pure gel phase. Decreasing temperature, decreasing the amount of a gel fraction, or a presence of salt e.g. NaCl lower its value. The shape of the correlation profiles corresponding to a pure gel or a pure fluid phase differs from this corresponding to the gel and fluid coexistence region. The FCS curves in a pure gel and in a pure fluid phase were fitted with a one component fit, whereas in a gel and fluid coexistence phase with a two diffusion coefficient fit assuming macroscopic gel and fluid domain coexistence. The following phenomena was observed: decreasing value of a fast Dτ and increasing value of a slow Dτ, which may hypothesise microdomain formation. Experimental profiles tried to be described with Monte Carlo simulations, which make use of thermodynamical properties of lipid mixtures derived from calorimetric measurements. The MC snapshots show existence of microscopic gel and fluid inheterogeneities in huge fluid and gel macrodomains. Since our experimental correlation profiles are consistent with theoretically predicted profiles it may confirm that there are microdomains, whose length is smaller than the focus diameter (<1 µm). This study means an important step in the better understanding of the lateral organisation of the lipid membrane, its dynamics and kinetics.
Sugar in Beverage and the Risk of Incident Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background This study aimed to investigate the association between sugar in beverage and dementia, Alzheimer Disease (AD) dementia and stroke. Methods This prospective cohort study were based on the US community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Sugar in beverage was assessed between 1991 and 1995 (5th exam). Surveillance for incident events including dementia and stroke commenced at examination 9 through 2014 and continued for 15–20 years. Results At baseline, a total of 1865 (63%) subjects consumed no sugar in beverage, whereas 525 (18%) subjects consumed it in 1–7 servings/week and 593 (29%) in over 7 servings/week. Over an average follow-up of 19 years in 1384 participants, there were 275 dementia events of which 73 were AD dementia. And 103 of 1831 participants occurred stroke during the follow-up nearly 16 years. After multivariate adjustments, individuals with the highest intakes of sugar in beverage had a higher risk of all dementia, AD dementia and stroke relative to individuals with no intakes, with HRs of 2.80(95%CI 2.24–3.50) for all dementia, 2.55(95%CI 1.55–4.18) for AD dementia, and 2.11(95%CI 1.48–3.00) for stroke. And the same results were shown in the subgroup for individuals with median intakes of sugar in beverage. Conclusion Higher consumption of sugar in beverage was associated with an increased risk of all dementia, AD dementia and stroke.
Pose estimation from a monocular image for automated photogrammetry

Close-range photogrammetry is an optical metrology technique for measuring the three-dimensional form of an object. Photogrammetry has many advantages over competing techniques such as structured light projection – the primary being the relative inexpense of the equipment required. However, photogrammetry is currently slow and user dependant at many stages. In order to facilitate automation of the measurement process, the spatial relationship between the camera and the measurand must be known. We present a method of establishing this relationship from a single initial image via a convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN is trained on synthetic images of an object which are generated from the computer aided design (CAD) data. A simulated texture is applied to the CAD data which is representative of the observed surface created by the manufacturing process and material. By using this representative texture combined with accurately characterised camera intrinsic parameters, near photo-realistic images can be generated. By using the CAD data to generate the training data, training can be conducted in parallel with manufacture removing any additional time penalty that would be otherwise incurred. This method also removes any need for manual labelling of training data. We test this approach on a range of different CNN architectures and select the best performing network based on the model loss and prediction error.
National Competitive Advantage of China in Electric Mobility: The Case of BYD

Whereas in Europe, national activities to drive e-mobility forward still have to be coordinated at EU level, Chinese leaders have adopted a plan aimed at turning the country into one of the leading producers of hybrid and all-electric vehicles within three years, and making it the world leader in electric cars and busses. This paper presents the case of the Chinese company BYD („Build Your Dreams“), that began selling a plug-in electric car in China, at least a year ahead of similar efforts in the U.S. and Japan. In a Case Study setting, it addresses BYD’s strategic approach of consequently exploiting locational advantages, the importance of a favorable national home base, and the strategic implications for both western and Chinese companies aiming at positioning themselves in the market for e-mobility.
Weight bias among public health trainees

Abstract Objective: To explore explicit beliefs about the controllability of obesity and the internalisation of negative weight-related stereotypes among public health trainees. Design: Cross-sectional online survey assessing explicit beliefs about the controllability of obesity using the Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP) and internalisation of weight bias using the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M). Bivariate associations between BAOP and WBIS-M scores and demographic characteristics were examined using t tests or ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s tests. Setting: School of Public Health at a large, Midwestern University. Participants: Public health students (n 322). Results: Relative to students who identified as male, those who identified as female had a stronger belief that obesity is not within the control of the individual (P = 0·03), yet had more internalisation of weight bias (P < 0·01). Greater weight bias internalisation was also seen among students who perceived themselves to be of a higher weight status (P < 0·001) and those who were at risk for food insecurity (P < 0·01). Conclusions: Public health trainees may be more attuned to the complexities of weight relative to trainees in other health-related fields, but are still susceptible to internalisation of negative weight-related stereotypes.
[MiR-433 reverses chemoresistance to docetaxel by targeting Notch1 in breast cancer cells].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of miR- 433 in chemoresistance to docetaxel in breast cancer cells. METHODS A docetaxel-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell line (MCF-7/DOX) was established by exposure of parental MCF-7 cells to progressively increased docetaxel concentrations. The functional role of miR-433 was investigated by assessing the changes in viability and apoptosis of the cells transfected with a miR-433 inhibitor or a miR-433 mimics. The downstream targets of miR- 433 were determined by bioinformatics analysis, cell transfection and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that miR- 433 was down-regulated in MCF-7/DOX cells. Transfection of the cells with the miR-433 inhibitor obviously enhanced chemoresistance to docetaxel and attenuated cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells; miR-433 overexpression significantly increased the sensitivity to docetaxel and promoted apoptosis in MCF- 7/DOX cells. Luciferase reporter assay showed that the down-regulation miR-433 expression was associated with significantly increased expressions of Notch1 at both mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7 cells. Compared with the control cells, McF-7/DOX cells transfected with miR-433 mimics exhibited significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1. CONCLUSIONS miR-433 may reverse chemoresistance to docetaxel by targeting Notch1 in breast cancer cells.