Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An innovative approach to reduce excess sludge production in the activated sludge process

A new process has been developed to reduce excess sludge production, in which both excess sludge digestion and wastewater treatment are conducted simultaneously in the same aeration tank. The ozonation enhances biological degradation of the activated sludge, which is decomposed in a subsequent biological treatment. A considerable amount of biomass is mineralized biologically in proportion to the amount of recirculated biomass from the ozonation stage to the biological stage. It was observed that the amount of excess sludge is reduced to nearly zero when 1.2 kg/m 3 -aeration tank volume of biomass is recirculated in a day from the biological stage to the ozonation stage at a BOD loading of 1.0 kg/m 3 /d. A biomass concentration of 4200 mg/L was maintained at 1.0 kg-BOD/m 3 /d without drawing excess sludge for 6 weeks of experimental period under ozone dose of 0.05 g-O 3 /g-SS and recirculation rate at 0.3 d −1 . Only a limited difference in the effluent quality was observed between the new process and the conventional activated sludge process.
The Paradox of Precision Medicine

1 Center for Innovation in Brain Science; University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave., P.O. Box 210242, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 2 Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th St., New York, NY 10021, USA 3 Women’s Health Access Matters, 19 East Elm St, Greenwich, CT 06830, USA 4 UsAgainstAlzheimer’s, P.O. Box 34565, Washington, D.C. 20043, USA * Correspondence: Roberta Diaz Brinton, Email: rbrinton@arizona.edu.
Assessment of CPS + EG, Neo-Bioscore and Modified Neo-Bioscore in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Preoperative Systemic Therapy: A Multicenter Cohort Study

This study was to assess the prognosis stratification of the clinical-pathologic staging system incorporating estrogen receptor (ER)-negative disease, the nuclear grade 3 tumor pathology (CPS + EG), Neo-Bioscore, and a modified Neo-Bioscore system in breast cancer patients after preoperative systemic therapy (PST). A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted from 12 participating hospitals’ databases from 2006 to 2015. Five-year disease free survival (DFS), disease specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier Method. Area under the curve (AUC) of the three staging systems was compared. Wald test and maximum likelihood estimates in Cox proportional hazards model were used for multivariate analysis. A total of 1,077 patients were enrolled. The CPS + EG, Neo-Bioscore, and modified Neo-Bioscore could all stratify the DFS, DSS, and OS (all P < 0.001). While in the same stratum of Neo-Bioscore scores 2 and 3, the HER2-positive patients without trastuzumab therapy had much poorer DSS (P = 0.013 and P values < 0.01, respectively) as compared to HER2-positive patients with trastuzumab therapy and HER2-negative patients. Only the modified Neo-Bioscore had a significantly higher stratification of 5-year DSS than PS (AUC 0.79 vs. 0.65, P = 0.03). So, the modified Neo-Bioscore could circumvent the limitation of CPS + EG or Neo-Bioscore. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03437837.
Achieving Lean Warehousing Through Value Stream Mapping

This article applies value stream mapping (VSM) in a distribution warehouse after identifying and categorizing different warehousing wastes. The study suggests solutions for the reduction of each type of waste and employs lead time as the metric to understand the overall effectiveness of the suggested remedies. The distribution warehouse faced severe stock-out situations and high lead time for all deliveries. Current state and future state maps were utilized for mapping the current and revamped system, respectively. While existing studies on lean warehousing have utilized VSM to study a specific type of waste, this study extends it to include all types of warehousing waste, classifies them into seven types and provides a real case study along with evidence for improvement schemes for each category. This research, employing a case study, suggests an integrated lean warehousing method for design and operation of distribution warehouses. Dilemma/research question/purpose: Can the warehouse avoid stock-outs and decrease the lead time by identifying and reducing or eliminating the seven types of wastes in the warehouse operations? Theory: Lean management principle applied to a warehouse using value stream mapping to eliminate wastes. Type of the case: A problem-solving using lean tools carried out in a warehouse. Protagonist: Not needed. Options: Allow the current state to continue causing stock-outs and high lead times, or identify and reduce the wastes in the warehouse operations and avoid stock-outs, decrease lead times, and improve the overall efficiency of the warehouse. Discussions and case questions: Is it possible for the firm to go one step further than what the future state map has shown in the study? What other lean tools do you see fit to reduce or eliminate the types of waste outlined in this article?
An Analytical Approach of Integrating Automated Load Scheduling to a Smart Energy Meter using Differential Evolution Algorithm

Leading-edge power systems which are employed in present-day scenario are significantly complex, extensively distributed and populous. Rising costs of generating power, ever-increasing demand for electricity and shortage of resources have led to introduction of applications of optimal power systems. Hence Smart Energy Meters (SEMs) and highly efficient algorithms are required to facilitate Automated Load Scheduling (ALS). The latest optimization methods for ALS which works on the principle of genetics and natural selection has been presented in the paper. Differential Evolution (DE) is a simple numerical optimization approach that is easy to implement and significantly faster and robust. This article presents a novel mathematical modelling approach for the minimization of the energy consumption. The paper proposes an in depth modelling approach for ALS considering numerous aspects of the DE: initialization, mutation, crossover and selection. Case-studies have been made which include multiple aspects of non-linearities like prohibited zones of operation and transmission losses. The performance of DE based ALS algorithm was implemented using Python and evaluated at the test site in New Delhi which integrates a local renewable energy source (Local PV Grid) with an SEM. The Peak-to-Average (PAR) Ratio was used as a measure of evaluation. The proposed algorithm saved up to 19.42% power in the best-case scenario.
The International Consequences of Bretton Woods Capital Controls and the Value of Geopolitical Stability

This paper quantifies the positive and normative effects of capital controls on international economic activity under The Bretton Woods international financial system. We develop a three region world economic model consisting of the U.S., Western Europe, and the Rest of the World. The model allows us to quantify the impact of these controls through an open economy general equilibrium capital flows accounting framework. We find these controls had large effects. Counterfactuals show that world output would have been 6% larger had the controls not been implemented. We show that the controls led to much higher welfare for the rest of the world, moderately higher welfare for Europe, but much lower welfare for the U.S. We interpret the large U.S. welfare loss as an estimate of the implicit value to the U.S. of preventing capital flight from other countries and thus promoting economic and political stability in ally and developing countries.
Corrigendum on: OH density measurements by time-resolved broad band absorption spectroscopy in a He-H2O dielectric barrier discharge with small O2 addition

We have measured OH densities by time-resolved broad-band absorption spectroscopy in a He–H2O–O2 dielectric barrier discharge, with the aim to investigate the effect of water and oxygen addition on OH production. The results are examined in the light of literature data, in particular model calculations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in a rf discharge with similar gas mixtures. Although relevant to different systems, the comparison is nevertheless interesting. At low water content and no oxygen a fair agreement is found with the model. The observed dependence on water and oxygen, at almost constant discharge power, is instead found to be smoother than the calculated one, probably because in our discharge the power invariance does not imply a constant production of OH.
Single crystalline silicon thin film transistors fabricated on Corning 7059

Direct-view active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) are now fabricated in very large volumes using amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) technology. For this purpose, high temperature polysilicon technology is currently used in Japan, with the active matrix fabricated on a quartz substrate. However, quartz substrates of display quality are rather expensive and low temperature polysilicon technology on glass substrates using laser annealing has been introduced as one possible alternative. Recently the transfer of single-crystalline Si layers on glass has been reported. In this case, circuits are fabricated on SOI substrates obtained by a zone melting recrystallisation process and transfered on the glass after completion of almost all the processing steps. This technique is of interest, as high temperature processing steps and fine design rules can be utilized. The main drawback of the technique is that the transfer operation is the final step. We propose an alternative and new technique based on the transfer before processing of a single crystalline Si layer on glass. Processing is subsequently performed at low temperature, using technological steps developed for the fabrication of low temperature polysilicon devices. A SIMOX substrate is thermally oxydized and then bonded at 450/spl deg/C to the glass substrate (Corning 7059 or 1737). The silicon substrate and the thin buried oxide are then removed by a combination of mechanical and chemical etching.
STUDY OF ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC AND ENDOTHELIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF PEPTIDE AGONISTS OF EPOR/CD131 HETERORECEPTOR

Introduction. The drugs affecting a mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stresses, apoptosis and inflammation of the vascular wall, have a high potential for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic lesions. In this regard, the use of EPOR/CD131 heteroreceptor agonists which have a similar spectrum of pharmacological effects, is one of the promising strategies in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on 68 C57Bl/6J male mice. Atherosclerosis was simulated in transgenic animals with an endotheliospecific knockdown of the Polg gene by simulating a balloon injury and keeping on a Western diet. Then, the studied drugs were injected once every 3 days at the dose of 20 μg/kg for 27 days. On the 28-th day, the animals were euthanized and the area of atherosclerotic plaques was assessed. The gene expression associated with the processes of inflammation, antioxidant protection, apoptosis, and angiogenesis was also determined in the aortic tissues. In addition, the endothelium protective effect of peptides on primary cultures of endothelial cells of wild and transgenic Polg-D257A mice was studied.Results. No statistically significant effect of drugs on the area of lipid infiltration have been found. However, the studied peptides have significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory genes (iNos, Icam1, Vcam1, Sele, Il6, Tnfa), the genes associated with angiogenesis (Vegfa, Kdr, and Hif1a), the expression of proapoptic factors; they decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by more than 1.5 times. In addition, when supplemented with H2 O2 in vitro, peptides dose-dependently increased endothelial cell survival.Conclusion. The erythropoietin-based peptides can be used to improve the functional state of the vascular wall against the background of atherosclerotic lesions and have a depressing effect on pathobiological processes associated with a mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the studied peptides have a significant endothelial protective effect in the induction of oxidative stress in vitro.
The Impact of Supervisory Styles on Satisfaction of Undergraduate Counselling Interns in Malaysia

Clinical experience in counsellor education would not be possible without the kind support of our site supervisors. Day-to-day guidance, advice, and real understanding given to undergraduate students are essential in helping students develop and grow into competent counsellors during their internships. Supervisors play different roles and styles during the supervision process. Thus, this study aimed to assess student perceptions of counsellors' supervisory styles and examine what impact those styles have on the satisfaction of undergraduate counselling interns. This study is quantitative, where a total of 138 counselling interns were selected from four public universities in Malaysia. The results showed that in the Malaysian backdrop, four supervisory styles have a major relationship with supervisory satisfaction, and they are as follows: directive teacher, supportive teacher, counsellor, and delegating colleague (consultant) styles respectively. This study has also filled the knowledge gap existing in the realm of counselling supervisory styles. Furthermore, the newly modified instruments of supervisory styles inventory may be applied to the undergraduate level interns. In practice, this helps supervisors to enhance the supervision process. The undergraduate counselling interns mostly are satisfied with supportive supervisory style. In this regard, supervisors or counsellor educators may find the most functional and appropriate style that suits their interns. Keywords: principal supervisory, satisfaction, supervisor, supervisory style, undergraduate counselling interns
Application of Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) in Active Sound Production System of Electric Automobiles

To improve the diversity and quality of sound mimicry of electric automobile engines, a generative adversarial network (GAN) model was used to construct an active sound production model for electric automobiles. The structure of each layer in the network in this model and the size of its convolution kernel were designed. The gradient descent in network training was optimized using the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm. To demonstrate the quality difference of the generated samples from different input signals, two GAN models with different inputs were constructed. The experimental results indicate that the model can accurately learn the characteristic distributions of raw audio signals. Results from a human ear auditory test show that the generated audio samples mimicked the real samples well, and a leave-one-out (LOO) test show that the diversity of the samples generated from the raw audio signals was higher than that of samples generated from a two-dimensional spectrogram.
Evaluation of in-vivo and in-vitro microbiological methods for testing the efficacy of parenteral antibiotics: A Review

Antibiotics are available as innovators and generics. An innovator or branded drug is a medicine that is discovered, developed and marketed by a pharmaceutical company which also holds the patent for that drug. Generics only become available after the patent on the innovator expires. Generic drugs are required to have the same active ingredient, strength, dosage form, and route of administration as the innovator product. Generics should be bioequivalent to the innovator and when used, should have the same efficacy and safety profile. This is crucial for parenteral antibiotics because according to the World Health Organization and U.S. Food and Drug Administration criteria, parenteral generic products do not need to provide evidence for in-vivo bioavailability or bioequivalence before they can be marketed. Published evidence shows that there is a disparity in the efficacy of different generic antibiotic products. In-vitro microbiological methods of efficacy testing have been recognized as a standardized and cost-effective approach to clarify doubts regarding the efficacy of generic parenteral antibiotics. However, in-vitro methods used alone, might not be a good measurement of antibiotic efficacy as several studies have shown disparities between in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of parenteral antibiotics.
Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of baru almond and by-products evaluated under optimizing extraction conditions

The baru almond has a high nutrient and phytochemical density, such as monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, vitamin E, zinc, and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of total phenolic compounds from baru almond (with and without skin) and baru almond skin using a fractional factorial 24-1 and the Box-Behnken designs, and to analyze the influence of the extraction factors on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) in the extracts obtained. The optimal extraction conditions were: for whole baru almond (with skin) 79% ethanol and 2 mg mL-1 solid-solvent ratio at 85 °C; for baru almond without skin 68% ethanol and 20 mg mL-1 solid-solvent ratio during 34 min; and for baru almond skin 40% ethanol and 0.2 mg mL-1 solid-solvent ratio at 66 °C. On these conditions, whole baru almond showed high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, and the almond skin featured about 10% of phenolics and a very high antioxidant capacity. The experimental designs used revealed the baru almond skin as an abundant source of antioxidant compounds. We recommend the consumption of whole baru almond, and the use of its skin in different food systems.
Acute Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis and Sertoli Cell Tumour in an Eleven-‎Year-Old Dachshund Cross-Bred Dog

An eleven-year-old Dachshund cross-bred dog was presented to the Small Animal Clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zaria, with complaints of reduced appetite noticed 2 days earlier, and an enlarged testis was noticed three months prior to presentation. Clinical diagnosis was based on history of reduced appetite and enlarged testis; physical findings such as pyrexia, tick infestation, congested ocular mucous membranes, generalized enlarged superficial lymph nodes, enlargement of the mammary glands, alopecia, atrophy of the right testis and discoloration of the scrotum with large, firm palpable mass; complete blood count revealed slight anaemia (PCV 34 %, neutrophilia (12.88 x 109/L) and presence of band cells (0.32 x 109/L); buffy coat smear showed the presence of intracytoplasmic morulae in just one monocyte in the peripheral blood smear; Ehrlichia canis antibodies was detected in serum using Ehrlichia test kit (immunochromatography); serum oestradiol-17β (42.05 pg/mL) and anti- Müllerian hormone (AMH; 25.50 μg/mL) were employed as serum tumour markers; transverse and longitudinal scrotal sonographs revealed diffuse non-homogenous tissues with increase in the echogenicity of the testicles; radiographic findings of thoraco-abdomino-pelvic regions revealed normal organ opacity indicating absence of metastases. Tissue samples were taken from the tumor following surgical excision and submitted for histopathology. The findings were large cytoplasmic vacuoles with slightly irregular nucleoli. It was confirmed to be sertoli cell tumor. The conditions were managed medically, and by surgical excision of the tumour and scrotal ablation. Outcome was successful, and patient started feeding 24 hours after the surgery.
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY OF A BILINGUAL CHILD: A CASE STUDY

In this study, it is aimed to analyse, evaluate and define the Turkish and English communication skills and vocabulary levels of a bilingual Turkish child. According to Houwer (2007), although they are grown in a bilingual environment, in some cases, the process of acquiring two languages is not successful. It is quite interesting why the language skills of children who grew up in similar environments in a natural process such as language acquisition sometimes differ, and why some children are not bilingual while others are. In this study, communication skills in both languages of a child who grew up in a bilingual home environment and successfully learned both Turkish and English, were examined and receptive language levels in both languages were defined. Within the scope of the research, the language development process and the vocabulary levels in the two languages are assumed to be in the normal development characteristics of the individual and similar qualities with his peers. The child lives in Turkey in a big city. This study sought to answer the following questions: 1. How is the productive language level of the individual who grew up bilingual? a) How is the child's productive language ability in English? b) How is the child's productive language ability in Turkish? 2. How is the receptive language level of the individual who grew up bilingual? a) How is the English receptive language level? b) How is the Turkish receptive language level?
Precision metrology length standard based on femtosecond stabilized laser

We present in recent work release of very precise length standard based on laser frequency comb. Each frequency comb produces a frequency spectrum with equidistant modes frep with frequency offset fceo. Stabilized frequency comb produce a very precise frequency rule. Fabry-Perot cavity is frequently used as interferometer using a scanning mirror position. Depending on mirror coatings and reflectivity of mirrors one could obtain a spectrum of any laser adjusted to the Fabry-Perot cavity. Two methods of length stabilization using the Fabry-Perot cavity are presented and compared. One method uses the cavity of mirror distance defined by νcav as an integer multiple of frep. The second is based on selection of narrow part of the spectrum and very wide inter-mode frequency νcav. Two continuous working He-Ne stabilized lasers for coarse Fabry-Perot mirror spacing length adjustment were separated by different optical polarization and one stabilized frequency comb separated from both lasers operated at different central wavelength.
Challenge of mechanical and antimicrobial filters against infectious phages artificially agglomerated with inorganic dust with a known particle-size distribution

Abstract Air filtration to remove viruses is considered for use in the swine industry to reduce epidemic episodes in Canada. The capture efficiencies of commercially available air filters against biological particles (bioaerosols) such as viruses needs to be determined in standardized and controlled conditions such as the ones required by the ASHRAE Standard 52.2. Artificially nebulized viruses may not accurately represent the bioaerosols present in swine buildings as associated viruses are likely to be transported on dust particles. The present study seeks to develop an infectious phages - carrying dust characterized by a similar particle size distribution of bioaerosols in swine buildings. A test duct was used to challenge MERV-16 and antimicrobial filters against the aerosolized infectious phages – dust mixtures (artificial viral aerosols). ISO 12103-1 A3 medium test dust, phages, and sucrose were lyophilized to form dried infectious phages – dust preparations. Observations of TEM imaging and results from Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) samplings support MS2 phages were aggregated with dust particles. MS2 genomes were detectable on particles sized from 0.017 to 10 µm. The reduction efficiency of the MERV-16 filter challenged against the artificial viral aerosols was 99.4% for infectious MS2 phages (culture), 99.4% for total MS2 phages (qPCR), and 96.4% for dust. The antimicrobial filters had efficacies of 97.9% (culture), 83.4% (qPCR), and 48.5% (dust). The present study supports the possibility of making an infectious phages - bearing dust for use in environmentally controlled experiments evaluating reduction efficiency of air filters against viruses. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research