Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Tolerability Review of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Focus on Laboratory Measures of Clinical Relevance

Background: Current antiretroviral (ARV) therapies have greatly extended the life expectancy for many living with HIV infection. Given that ARV therapies must be taken chronically, long-term tolerability associated with these agents is of great importance. Clinical trials and experience have helped clarify short and long-term adverse event data. Among non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), common laboratory markers of toxicity and tolerability include transaminase elevations and lipid alterations. Some of these issues appear to be a class-specific effect, whereas others appear to be more agent-specific. Selection of the appropriate NNRTI to use while limiting drug-related side effects is an important clinical objective. Objective: To review clinically relevant data regarding long-term tolerability of NNRTIs. Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the following keywords: NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, efavirenz, nevirapine, etravirine, rilpivirine and safety, tolerability or clinical. Papers published before 2007 were excluded; papers were included if they reported clinically relevant tolerability outcomes, enrolled more than 50 patients and were conducted for ≥ 48 weeks in HIV-infected patients. Results: Newer agents and formulations have significantly improved the tolerability issues associated with older ARVs and earlier treatment approaches. Conclusions: Tolerability profile remains to be a distinguishing feature among the agents in this class, and is a key consideration when considering a first-line NNRTI-containing regimen that is individualized to the patient and can achieve long-term virologic suppression. This information may help guide treatment choices in clinical practice.
Inflation Expectations and Expected Real Interest Rates as Determinants of Nominal Interest Rates in PIGS

Quantitative easing conducted by European central b ank to fight persisting risks of deflation is drawing an attention of increasing number of empiri cal studies. Moreover, effectiveness of monetary policy at near zero inflation rates reveals lot of issues on whether interest rates really have a lowe r bound around zero percent. As a result, traditional views on the role of inflation expectations and expected real interest rates in the long-term inter est rates determination face the challenge of fundamental revision. In the paper we analyze relat ive contributions of inflation expectations and expected real interest rates to long-term interest rates on government bonds leading path by employing SVAR methodology. We also decompose these long-term interest rates into transitory and permanent components. Our research revealed signifi ca t changes in the relative contribution of inflation expectations and expected real interest r ates to the long-term interest rates determination in the periphery countries of the Euro Area in compari son with the core of Euro Area (France and Germany). The crisis period even intensified this t rend.
In vitro thrombolytic potentials of methanolic extract of Vigna unguiculata Linn (seed)

Inquisition with methanolic extract of Vigna unguiculata Linn (seeds) was carried out to determine the thrombolytic potential of this plant. Plant seeds were extracted with methanol at room temperature. Then concentrated methanolic extract five different concentration (2mg/ml, 4mg/ml, 6mg/ml, 8mg/ml, 10mg/ml) from concentrated methanolic extract was used to evaluate thrombolytic potential of Vigna unguiculata seeds. An easy & rapid methodology (In-vitro Thrombolytic model) was applied to find out their thrombolytic potential where streptokinase and distilled water were employed as positive and negative controls respectively. The plant showed significant clot lysis, i.e. concentrations 12.01 ± 1.50, 16.48 ± 2.31,24.88 ± 1.49,31.24 ± 0.68,40.33 ± 3.64 at 2mg/dl, 4mg/ml, 6mg/ml, 8mg/ml, 10mg/ml respectively, while the standard (streptokinase) and negative control (distilled water) showed 58.41 ± 3.71 and 2.56±1.23% clot lysis respectively. It is clear that Vigna unguiculata Linn (seed) methanolic extract showed thrombolytic activity significantly while comparing with standard. Our present studied suggest that further studies needed to be carried out to get ultimate conclusion of this studies.
Synthesis of Fe Nanoparticles on Polypyrrole Covered Graphite for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

An amorphous Fe-based catalyst supported on polypyrrole-modified graphite is synthesized by a chemical method. The optimal Fe loading with the highest reduction current is 4 wt%. Their morphology, structure and chemical component were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X- ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The scanning electron microscopy show that the surfaces of graphite are decorated with metal nanoparticles. Under acid condition, the catalyst demonstrate high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with four-electron pathway.
Creating a Violent-Free Culture in Nigeria: A Child Rearing Approach

The family is the foundation of the society. If the product of the family is bad, its effect in the society could often be adverse or brutal. The early experiences of a child in terms of the degree of care, type of control, and emotional tone of the home is formative, contribute to the child’s temperament and influence his/her behaviour later in life. These early experiences of a child depend on his/her parents’ child rearing practices, which in turn depend on some family variables and characteristics. Using available literature, this article identified influence of violent or aggressive role models, single and step-parenting environment, and low educational and class status of parents as some of the family factors or characteristics with a wide range of adverse effect on children’s well-being and which can lead to varied anti-social behavior, such as aggression or violence in the individual. It was recommended among other things that for effective child rearing practices by parents and families, interventions that could increase the number of children reared by continuously married biological parents should be encouraged. Recommendations that could make for good child rearing practices and therefore stem the tide of violent behaviour in Nigeria in the long run were made.
FILE TRANSFERRING IN PEER-TO-PEER SYSTEMS AND

The peer to peer system shares the file between the peers. Each peer in the network acts as client as well as server. The existing system model like M/G/1/K processor does not show the file transfer time reduction between the peer and also the transfer latency is also high. The file transferring speed between the peer is based on the load distribution at the peers, query search time and also file distribution at peer. Analyzing and implementation of the queuing model to evaluate the transfer latency of peer may reduce the transfer latency. Like most other P2P applications, Gnutella builds, at the application level, a network with its own routing mechanisms that allow the users to join and relive from the network dynamically. In this paper multithreaded sever is used so the concurrency is also achieved which in turn reduce the download time. The simultaneous file download is allowed at the peers and transfer latency for each download is aggregated. The comparative result is studied using the simulation .
Automating installation, testing and development of bcbio-nextgen pipeline

In the recent years, the costs of obtaining biological data have been drastically reduced. This has lead into an exponential growth of the available data. Having such growth of data to analyze sometimes results in very platform-dependent and difficult to scale software solutions. This final project tries to provide a solution to those problems in a real bioinformatics core facility in the Science For Life Laboratory. Science For Life Laboratory is a center for large-scale biosciences with the focus in health and environmental research. It is located in Stockholm, Sweden. This laboratory has 15 next generation sequencing instruments at present, with a combined capacity for DNA sequencing equal to several hundreds of complete human genomes per year. This implies a massive amount of data to be managed and analyzed. This data is analyzed using bcbio-nextgen. bcbio-nextgen is an in-house maintained genomics pipeline, originally developed by Brad Chapman at Harvard School of Public Health [Rom12]. The first goal of this project is to automate the installation, deployment and testing of the aforementioned pipeline. On the other hand, the alignment1 step of the analysis will be modified to use Seal, a Hadoop based aligner. This will allow us to check that all automations are working properly, as the pipeline will have to be installed and tested in several nodes.
Math Education: A Creative Approach

In our increasingly technology dependent society, Math education is becoming ever more important as a key to a successful career. To reach at risk students, we need to explore a variety of different approaches. While games have been highly successful with certain groups, the competitive nature is not attractive for all students. We propose that exploration of Math through Art be given increased attention. Major advancements in computer graphics and direct manipulation interfaces make it possible to create an Artist Studio micro-world in which math concepts ranging from Geometry and Algebra to Calculus can be explored in a creative manner.
Beta-Globin Haplotypes and Alpha-Thalassemia 3.7 kb Deletion in Sickle Cell Disease Patients From the Occidental Brazilian Amazon

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) includes a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. SCD patients vary widely from person to person. We describe β S and β C haplotypes and α-thalassemia 3.7 kb genotypes from SCD patients Fundacao Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, AM. Methods: Our survey included 139 HbSS and 11 HbSC patients. Molecular genotypes have been identified by PCR-RFLP and α-thalassemia 3.7 kb deletion by ASO-PCR. Male/female distribution was 42.3%/57.7%. Results: The average age at enrolment was 19.1 years for HbSS and 25.85 years for HbSC. Average fetal hemoglobin was 11.27% for HbSS and 7.86% for HbSC. Anemia in HbSS patients was more severe and hemolysis twice as stronger as HbSC individuals. The frequency distribution of the most common β-globin haplotypes among HbSS patients was 52.5% CAR/CAR, 23.7% CAR/Ben and 18% Ben/Ben. For the HbSC group, the haplotype distribution was 36.3% CAR/CI, 27.3% Benin/CI, 18.2% CAR/CII, 9.1% CAR/CIII and 9.1% Benin/CII. Of the HbSS patients, 13.7% and 2.8% were heterozygous and homozygous for the α-thalassemia 3.7 kb deletion, respectively. No HbSC patients presented the deletion. Conclusions: Here we present the distribution of haplotypes β S and β C and α-thalassemia deletion 3.7 kb in a population sample with SCD from the Occidental Brazilian Amazon. Results have been analyzed in the context of hematological and biochemical profiles. J Hematol. 2016;5(4):123-128 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jh310w
Abundances of neutron-capture elements in G 24-25 - A halo-population CH subgiant

Aims. The differences between the neutron-capture element abundances of halo stars are important to our understanding of the nucleosynthesis of elements heavier than the iron group. We present a detailed abundance analysis of carbon and twelve neutron-capture elements from Sr up to Pb for a peculiar halo star G 24-25 with [Fe/H] = −1.4 in order to probe its origin. Methods. The equivalent widths of unblended lines are measured from high resolution NOT/FIES spectra and used to derive abundances based on Kurucz model atmospheres. In the case of CH, Pr, Eu, Gd, and Pb lines, the abundances are derived by fitting synthetic profiles to the observed spectra. Abundance analyses are performed both relative to the Sun and to a normal halo star G 16-20 that has similar stellar parameters as G 24-25. Results. We find that G 24-25 is a halo subgiant star with an unseen component. It has large overabundances of carbon and heavy s-process elements and mild overabundances of Eu and light s-process elements. This abundance distribution is consistent with that of a typical CH giant. The abundance pattern can be explained by mass transfer from a former asymptotic giant branch component, which is now a white dwarf.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CENTRAL OBESITY AND PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE (PEFR) IN ELDERLY AT PEDAWA VILLAGE, BULELENG, BALI, INDONESIA

Objective. To determine the association between central obesity and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Methods. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Pedawa village, Buleleng District, Bali Province, Indonesia, on August 13, 2016. A total of 117 elderly subjects above 60 years old were included in the study to assess the association between central obesity and PEFR, but only 90 subjects met the inclusion criteria of this study. Results. Regardless of sex, using backward multiple regression analysis, fat has a negative correlation (β = -0.376) against PEFR while the visceral fat (β = 0.440) and height (β = 0.274) were positively correlated. Specifically in elderly with underweight and normal BMI, variables that were positively correlated with PEFR on multivariate analysis including visceral fat (β = 0.450) and height (β = 0.315), while fat had a negative correlation (β = -0.309). In elderly with overweight and obesity BMI, fat was the only variable that significantly correlated with PEFR on bivariate analysis (r = - 0.723, p = 0.004), and no other variables were eligible for inclusion in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions. This study found that, the percentage of visceral fat had a positive correlation with PEFR in the elderly with underweight and normal BMI, while the percentage of fat had a negative correlation with PEFR in the elderly with overweight and obesity BMI. This study didn’t find any association between waist circumference and PEFR.
Inbreeding depression affects fertilization success and survival but not breeding coloration in threespine sticklebacks

Summary Inbreeding depression is a well-studied phenomenon which has been demonstrated in many animal and plant species. In fishes, most studies focus on species of commercial interest. Sticklebacks often colonize new habitats by starting with a small founder population which, thus, suffers a high risk of inbreeding. However, little is known about the degree of inbreeding depression of sticklebacks’ life-history traits like fertilization success or hatching and survival rate. Furthermore, there is a general lack of knowledge about the impact of inbreeding on sexually selected traits like males’ breeding coloration. In our study, one generation of inbreeding by brother–sister mating of wild-caught, anadromous sticklebacks significantly lowered the fertilization and hatching success of eggs. This effect was intensified by a second generation of inbreeding. Furthermore, fewer inbred individuals reached and survived the reproductive phase than outbred ones. However, surviving inbred and outbred males did not differ significantly in the intensity of red throat or blue eye coloration. Our data indicate that even one generation of inbreeding leads to a loss of fitness in threespine sticklebacks.
Proposing SPMiMoS – Special Purpose Military Mobile Service using Night Vision Technology

The use of night vision equipment’s is going to be more popular because of the number of terrorist attacks at border areas are increases day by day. In this paper, authors designed a new methodology named SPMIMOS (Special Purpose Military Mobile Service) whose main purpose is to provide remote interactions between soldier and MRA (Military Robot Assistant). This new designed methodology SPMIMOS uses IR (Infra-red) Security Camera whose function is to improve the clarity of data capturing at low light conditions or no light conditions during night time surveillance. The major objective of this research paper is to collect information from border areas especially when the situations are abnormal or in other words you may say during critical time through MRA’S (Military Robot Assistants). This proposed methodology save human life, time as well as energy. As the maximum use of MRA’S (Military Robot Assistant) automatically reducing the risk of terrorist attacks. And the other major benefit is technology also helps to contribute with Indian army and save our Indian Heritage ( that is Indian People). This new designed methodology is working on the basis of two steps. At first step, MRA (Military Robot Assistant) capture images at low light conditions (no light conditions)
Elymus sosnowskyi (Hackel) Melderis (Poaceae), a rare endemic species in Turkey

Elymus sosnowskyi, a rare endemic species known from East Anatolia, Turkey, was first collected by D. Sosnowsky in 1912. After that it has been collected only one other time, by F. Sorger in 1981. During the "Taxonomic revision of tribe Triticeae in Turkey" project, which was supported by TUBITAK, E. sosnowskyi was recollected from 3 populations in Oltu and Narman (A8 Erzurum, Turkey) in 2007 and 2008. The present study aimed to provide detailed diagnostic characters of this rare endemic species, including its morphological, anatomical, and palynological features. Moreover, the amended and expanded description, distribution, phenology, and ecology of this rare species are provided, along with its conservation status.
DESIGN OF A VISUALLY CONTROLLED ROBOTIC VEHICLE

In the design of a visually controlled robotic vehicle, a microcontroller based design is used to send serial data from a computer to a two wheeled robotic vehicle via an Arduino board. This is done to control the vehicle using the color detection technique (blob analysis) via the webcam of a computer on receiving an input from the user. The webcam of the computer detects a particular color of an object placed in front of it. The direction of movement of the robot is decided by the object movements made by the user. This direction is then serially sent via a USB to TTL Converter module from the computer port to the robotic vehicle through the Arduino microcontroller and the motor driver circuit. Hence, the robot can be made to move in all four directions by moving the object of a particular color in front of the webcam in a certain manner. The robotic vehicle also detects obstacle in its path with the help of an ultrasonic sensor put on the back of the vehicle. An ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic waves from its sensor head and again receives the ultrasonic waves reflected from an object in its line of sight. It detects the position of this object by measuring the length of time from the transmission to reception of the sonic wave. Henceforth, when the vehicle is made to move backward, the sensor put on the vehicle detects the object and is triggered to stop when the distance between the object and the vehicle becomes less than 15 cm thereby facilitating safe parking of the vehicle. The visually controlled movements of the robotic vehicle as well as its obstacle detection capabilities make the robotic vehicle worthy of being replaced as a wheelchair for paralytic patients.
Advanced Modalizing Problems

I present an internal problem for David Lewis’s genuine modal realism. My aim is to show that his analysis of modality is inconsistent with his metaphysics. I consider several ways of modifying the Lewisian analysis of modality, but argue that none are successful. I argue that the problem also affects theories related to genuine modal realism, including the stage theory of persistence and modal fictionalism.
Effect of Preload Reduction by Hemodialysis on Left Ventricular Mechanical Parameters by Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Background: The effect of acute volume change by hemodialysis on contractile characteristics of the left ventricle (LV) is not well known and has never been evaluated by 3-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE). Methods: Twenty-three patients on chronic hemodialysis were recruited. 3D-STE was performed immediately before and after hemodialysisin the dialysis room. The strain, displacement, rotation, torsion, and twist of LV were calculated by commercial software for different segments of LV.Results: Hemodialysis produced significant decreases in body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, but ejection fraction did not change. The regional torsion increased from 2.I ± 1.2 to 2.7 ± 1.3 degree/cm (p =0.012) after dialysis, though the crude global torsion, longitudinal, radial, circumferential, 3D strain, rotation and twist of LV did not change significantly. The regional torsion correlated with the crude global torsion (r = 0.763, P ＜ 0.00I). The change of ejection fraction after hemodialysis was significantly correlated with changes of circumferential strain (r = -0.858, P ＜ 0.00 I), longitudinal strain (r = -0.516, p= 0.012) and LV area (r = -0.883, P ＜ 0.001). Conclusion: Assessment of LV contractile characteristics by 3D-STE is easy and efficient. The regional torsion, which could only be evaluated by 3D-STE is more sensitive to reduction in preload possibly due to deformation non-uniformity of myocardium in uremic patients.
Improving Application-level Network Services With Regions

The underlying premise of the Region Project is that the concept of a region should be a new architecture capability in networking. A region is an entity that encapsulates and implements scoping, grouping, subdividing, and crossing boundaries of sets of entities. It is a powerful tool for managing the increasingly complex demands on the Internet and its successors, and thus should be made into an explicit, first-class component of the network architecture. Autonomous Systems and peer-to-peer networks can be viewed as two simple forms of existing regions. In this work, we explore the utility of informing members in one region of the membership of those same entities in different regions. Specifically, we improve peer-to-peer networks with information derived from Autonomous Systems. This thesis makes three notable contributions. Firstly, we provide a general peer-to-peer simulation framework for different optimization schemes. Secondly, we achieve performance improvements in the lookup, caching and replication of peer-to-peer system. Finally, we enhance our overall understanding of regions through the simulation, as well as their utilities to improve system performance. Thesis Supervisor: Karen R. Sollins Title: Principal Scientist
Plastic ingestion by mesopelagic fishes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

The oceanic convergence zone in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre acts to accumulate floating marine debris, including plastic fragments of various sizes. Little is known about the ecolog- ical consequences of pelagic plastic accumulation. During the 2009 Scripps Environmental Accumu- lation of Plastics Expedition (SEAPLEX), we investigated whether mesopelagic fishes ingest plastic debris. A total of 141 fishes from 27 species were dissected to examine whether their stomach con- tents contained plastic particles. The incidence of plastic in fish stomachs was 9.2%. Net feeding bias was evaluated and judged to be minimal for our methods. The ingestion rate of plastic debris by mesopelagic fishes in the North Pacific is estimated to be from 12 000 to 24 000 tons yr -1 . Similar rates of plastic ingestion by mesopelagic fishes may occur in other subtropical gyres.