Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Owned Dogs on the Island of New Providence, The Bahamas

This study reports the findings from street interviews on owned dogs (N = 442) in New Providence, The Bahamas. Many households kept dogs outside, and roughly 43% of households allowed at least 1 dog to roam. Dogs kept inside most likely were considered a companion, whereas dogs used for security were kept outside. With 36.1% of the dog population neutered and 4.4 puppies per litter surviving to breeding age (6 months), the population continues to produce more dogs than are required just to maintain its numbers. Potcakes, the local mongrel, followed by pit bulls, were the most commonly kept dogs. Comparison with a study conducted in the Yucatan, Mexico (A. Ortega-Pacheco et al., 2005), suggests that the hostile subtropical environment of New Providence well may be responsible for checking the growth of the dog population. The study also suggests that until less than 20% of the females breed, there will continue to be a dog problem on the island.
Antidepressants and adolescent brain development

Despite being a first-line treatment for adolescent depression and anxiety, antidepressant drugs appear to have questionable efficacy and carry an increased risk of adverse effects in this population. The neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently unknown. Recent research into the neural effects of alcohol and recreational drugs suggests that the developmental trajectory of the adolescent brain may be particularly vulnerable to pharmacological disturbance. It is therefore important to consider whether prescription psychotropic drugs may have analogous effects. This article reviews the contribution of recent preclinical, clinical and pharmacogenetic literature to current knowledge on the short-term and enduring neural effects of antidepressants on the adolescent brain, with a particular focus on the major neurotransmitter systems and neuroplasticity.
Evaluation of temozolomide in a SCID mouse model of human B-cell precursor leukemia.

We used a SCID mouse model of human B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia to examine the antileukemic activity of temozolomide in comparison to as well as in combination with B43-PAP anti-CD19 immunotoxin. One hundred percent of the 20 PBS-treated control mice died of disseminated human B-lineage ALL at 32 to 64 days after the inoculation of 1x10(6) NALM-6 cells, with a median event free survival time of 43 +/- 1 days. Temozolomide, when administered i.p. for 5 consecutive days at a dose level of 411 mg/m2 or as a single 750 mg/m2 bolus dose, elicited significant antileukemic activity and improved survival in this SCID mouse model of human B-lineage ALL. The median survival times were 43 +/- 1 days for PBS-treated mice, 56 +/- 16 days for mice injected with the 5-day temozolomide program, and 64 +/- 15 days for mice treated with a single bolus dose of temozolomide. However, temozolomide was not as effective as B43-PAP. Whereas only 40 +/- 21% of mice treated with temozolomide survived beyond 120 days, B43-PAP treatment resulted in 74 +/- 7% survival in the same model system. The combination of temozolomide with B43-PAP was well tolerated by mice but it was not significantly more effective than B43-PAP alone. Temozolomide may have very limited potential as an antileukemic agent for treatment of B-lineage ALL.
Semantic Modeling of Multimodal Documents for Abstractive Summarization

We describe a method for semantic modeling of multimodal documents and discuss how this can be used to generate an abstractive summary. Information extracted from the text by a semantic parser and from the graphics by a graph understanding system is combined into a single knowledge base. By operating at the semantic (rather than the surface) level, we are able to integrate information collected from both text and non-text sources. From this unified semantic model, we can evaluate the importance of each part of the extracted knowledge and produce a comprehensive summary of the entire multimodal document.
Experimental improvement of cow milk fatty acid composition in organic winter diets.

BACKGROUND Organic milk is seen as more healthy in terms of its fatty acid (FA) profile. In three on-farm crossover trials with 10-12 cows in each group, different forages were compared for their potential to improve the FA composition. Different hay qualities (hay of pasture vs. hay of leys), additional energy sources (fodder beets vs. wheat) and roughage qualities (hay of pasture vs. grass silage) were compared for their effect on the FA composition of the milk. RESULTS Rumenic acid (CLA cis-9, trans-11) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were selected as principal markers to evaluate effects. The overall CLA cis-9, trans-11 was low (3.6-6.3 g kg⁻¹ fat), whereas ALA levels were intermediate (6.8-9.4 g kg⁻¹ fat). Differences between the forages were explained by the fat metabolism of the ruminants. CONCLUSION Organic winter milk is low in several desirable FAs. Diets rich in mature fodder and sugar were a poor choice for an improved FA composition.
Coordinated Control Strategies for Fuel Cell Power Plant in a Microgrid

Solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power plant plays a vital role in a hybrid alternative energy based microgrid due to its reliability and flexibility in power supply. However, the control of SOFC is challenging in terms of providing a fast load tracking while maintaining the fuel utilization rate within a safe range. To this end, this paper builds two basic coordinated control strategies (CCS) for power management of SOFC-based microgrid. The first is “Fuel Cell follows Inverter” scheme, where fast tracking is preferred while SOFC may operate on the edge of the safety range. The second is “Inverter follows Fuel Cell” scheme, where high security is guaranteed by sacrificing performance in load tracking. To obtain a robust and simple scheme, energy balance principle is used in CCS such that PI controller is sufficient to fulfill the basic duties. Moreover, a simple supervisory control strategy is proposed for microgrid to provide a reasonable power reference for SOFC. The control system is designed and tuned based on an SOFC plant with inverter's average model. The efficiency of the proposed strategies is validated via a grid-connected SOFC/photovoltaic microgrid.
Considerations for the Provision of Services to Bilingual Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Abstract Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) service providers are increasingly serving a significant number of clients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. In this paper, we discuss general considerations and future research needs relevant to the use of AAC strategies and techniques with bilingual children, specifically, issues related to the scaffolding of communication and language development in more than one language, and the selection and customization of AAC systems for bilingual children. We do so by first reviewing key research on bilingualism with children with communication disabilities and its implications for research and practice in the AAC field. We propose the use of a sociocultural approach to AAC service delivery and argue for the support of both languages needed by the child to fully participate in his or her communicative environments. Implications of the sociocultural perspective and future research needs are also presented.
Cutting Edge: Antibody-Dependent Memory-like NK Cells Distinguished by FcRγ Deficiency

Because NK cells lack gene-recombination machinery and are thought to be relatively short-lived, it is unclear whether NK cells can mount long-term effective recall responses to reinfections by diverse pathogens. In this article, we report that FcRγ-deficient NK cells, which we recently identified and termed g−NK cells, possess distinct memory features directed by FcR-mediated Ab-dependent target recognition. The presence of g−NK cells was associated with prior human CMV (HMCV) infection, yet g−NK cell responses were not restricted to HCMV-infected target cells. In the presence of virus-specific Abs, g−NK cells had greatly enhanced functional capabilities, superior to conventional NK cells, and were highly responsive to cells infected with either HCMV or HSV-1. Remarkably, the g−NK cell subset persisted long-term at nearly constant levels in healthy individuals. Therefore, FcRγ deficiency distinguishes an Ab-dependent memory-like NK cell subset with enhanced potential for broad antiviral responses.
Germinal mosaicism of GATA3 in a family with HDR syndrome

Germinal Mosaicism of GATA3 in a Family With HDR Syndrome Yue Sun, Weibo Xia,* Xiaoping Xing, Mei Li, Ou Wang, Yan Jiang, Yu Pei, Ping Ye, Huaicheng Liu, Yingying Hu, Xunwu Meng, and Xueying Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Endocrinology, Second Artillery Forces General Hospital, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China Dalian Red Cross Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
Infection in Mice Leishmania major Susceptibility to Results in a Th2 Response and Increased The Absence of Cutaneous Lymph Nodes

Published Ahead of Print 14 July 2008. 2008, 76(9):4241. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01714-07. Infect. Immun. Kucharzik and Thomas W. Spahn Sorg, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Cord Sunderkötter, Torsten Varga, Wolfram Domschke, Rodney Newberry, Clemens Jan M. Ehrchen, Johannes Roth, Kirsten Roebrock, Georg Infection in Mice Leishmania major Susceptibility to Results in a Th2 Response and Increased The Absence of Cutaneous Lymph Nodes
Mutations that disrupt DNA binding and dimer formation in the E47 helix-loop-helix protein map to distinct domains.

A common DNA binding and dimerization domain containing an apparent "helix-loop-helix" (HLH) structure was recognized recently in a number of regulatory proteins, including the E47 and E12 proteins that bind to the kappa E2 motif in immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancer. The effect of site-directed mutagenesis on E47 protein multimerization and DNA binding was examined. Mutations in either putative helix domain disrupted protein dimerization and DNA binding. No DNA binding was observed when mutations were introduced in the basic region, but these mutants were able to dimerize. These basic region mutants were not able to bind to DNA as heterodimers with the wild-type E47 proteins, demonstrating that two functional basic regions are required for binding to DNA. Therefore the basic region mutants are "transdominant. "
Continuous-Flow Removal of Arsenic in Drinking Water by Filtering down through Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 Magnetic Composite

Natural contamination of world groundwater supplies with arsenic of volcanic origin has become a complicated and growing problem given current shortage of water. Maintenance cost of treatments that are based on ion exchange and reverse osmosis is considered high, in addition to the high production of sludge with such methods. On the other hand, efficiency of treatments employing coagulation/filtration is usually relative, depending on the method of application. Currently, emerging treatments that use nanotechnology are gaining relevance, due to their high efficiency and low cost. These methods are highly selective, with minimum generation of toxic wastes, as long as particle release into the environment is kept under control to avoid health risks. The present study developed filters with magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (magnetite) supported on porous silica (Fe3O4@SiO2) at a mass ratio of 2:1. The nanoparticles were synthetized by co-precipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) using NH4OH(ac) under inert atmosphere. Average sizes of 15 nm were obtained, measured by means of Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) and characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD); the magnetic power was qualitatively determined. The efficiency of the composite material (Fe3O4@SiO2) was determined in a prototype laboratory with a height of 60 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, assembled with five filters of the composite material, with 1 g each filter. The filters were wrapped in resistant water-porous fabric to favor continuous flow at a ratio of 0.015 L/min. The test was performed with arsenic solutions at (43.7 ± 2.1 μg/L), similar to the amount present in water supplies currently treated in Costa Rica. The removal was completed in 7 minutes with 0 N.T. U and less than 10 μg/L arsenic concentration (maximum limit allowed in Costa Rica), quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Hydride Generation. After the reaction filters, the prototype was assembled with cleaning filters at a ratio of 1:8. The final way out was through a magnetized tube to ensure that no nanoparticles were released outside with the water, thus contributing to nanotoxicology safety for people and the environment.
Insect immunity and its signalling: an overview

The innate immunity is the immediate and sole response of invertebrates for the protection against foreign substances and pathogens. In insects, it relies on both humoral and cellular responses that are mediated via certain recognizing receptors and activation of several signalling pathways. Fat body and hemocytes are the origins for the production and secretion of antimicrobial agents and activators/regulators of cellular response, while cell mediated immunity in insects is performed by hemocytes. In the last years, research has focused on the mechanisms of microbial recognition and activation of intracellular signalling molecules in response to invaders. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of the innate immunity in insects and refer to potential interactions between humoral and cellular responses, combined with the involving signalling pathways and their cross talk.
Critical field of magnesium diboride in substituted and irradiated samples

We studied the upper critical field in poly-crystalline MgB/sub 2/ samples in which disorder was introduced by different ways: Al substitution and neutron irradiation. We observed that by Al doping critical temperature T/sub c/ decreases, the resistivity increases but the upper critical field, H/sub c2/, decreases. This behavior can be explained considering that Al substitutions affect only /spl pi/ bands leaving /spl sigma/ bands in clean regime; the decrease of H/sub c2/ can be correlated with suppression of the larger gap in doped samples. On the other hand neutron irradiation produces an increase of H/sub c2/. Neutron irradiation was carried on up to fluences of 1.4/spl middot/10/sup 20/ n/cm/sup 2/. To obtain a disorder structure homogeneously distributed, the experiment was carried out on bulk samples prepared with the /sup 11/B isotope. Up to fluences of 10/sup 18/ n/cm/sup 2/ the critical temperature is slightly diminished (36 K) and the superconducting properties are improved; the upper critical field is significantly increased: from 13.5 T to 20.3 T at 12 K. For larger neutron fluences the critical temperature is suppressed down to 9.2 K and the superconducting properties come out strongly degraded.
Current Approaches and Pharmaceutical Applications of Colloidosome Drug Delivery Systems

Recently a number of lipid based systems like lipospheres, liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transferosomes have been developed. The purpose of this review article on colloidosome drug delivery was to compile the focus on the types, properties, fabrication techniques, characterization and stability of colloidosomes. This system also solves the problem of insolubility, instability, rapid degradation and is widely used in specialized areas like protein delivery, gene delivery, targeting to the brain and tumor targeting. In a series of vascular systems, colloidosome represents an advanced tool in drug delivery. Colloidosomes are an emerging vesicular system in drug delivery. Vesicular drug delivery reduces the cost of therapy by improved bioavailability of medication, especially in the case of poorly soluble drugs. Colloidosomes have a great encapsulation efficacy with a wide control over size, permeability, mechanical strength and compatibility.
Failure mechanism of ProTaper Ni-Ti rotary instruments during clinical use: fractographic analysis.

AIM To evaluate the failure mechanism of ProTaper Ni-Ti rotary instruments fractured under clinical conditions. METHODOLOGY A total of 46 ProTaper instruments that failed (fractured and/or plastically deformed) during the clinical use were collected from various dental clinics, whereas a new set of ProTaper instruments served as control. After inspection under stereomicroscopy the instruments were classified into three categories: (i) plastically deformed but not fractured, (ii) fractured with plastic deformation and (iii) fractured without plastic deformation. Three instruments from each group were analysed with computerized X-ray microtomography (micro-XCT) to detect surface and internal defects, whilst all the fracture surfaces were investigated under SEM. RESULTS Stereomicroscopic inspection showed that 17.4% of the discarded instruments were only plastically deformed, 8.7% were fractured with plastic deformation and 73.9% were fractured without plastic deformation. Micro-XCT revealed instruments without any surface or bulk defects along with a few files with crack development below the fracture surface. No defects were identified in the unused instruments. SEM examination of fractured surfaces demonstrated the presence of dimples and cones, a typical pattern of dimple rupture developed because of ductile failure. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a single overloading event causing ductile fracture of ProTaper instruments is the most common fracture mechanism encountered under the clinical conditions.
Procedures for detecting winding displacements in power transformers by the transfer function method

The paper investigates three different ways of using the transfer function method for detecting mechanical winding displacements in power transformers. The most reliable approach is time-based comparison , which requires finger print data from a previous measurement. Such information is, however, usually not available. For multilegged transformers without zigzag-connected windings the results of separately tested legs can be used as mutual references (construction-based comparison ). A third approach is to compare the transfer functions with those obtained from an identically constructed transformer ( type-based comparison). However, for a transformer with given nominal specification data, the winding design may over time undergo changes which causes changes to the transfer function. It is proposed to solve this problem by calculating tolerance bands using transfer functions from a big group of the same-type transformers. A novel statistical algorithm for this purpose is presented. The approach is demonstrated for a set of 28 specified identically 200-MVA power transformers.
Predicting larval dispersal of the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in a Prince Edward Island estuary using a matrix population model.

Despite sporadic observations of the vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis, on boats and mooring structures in Charlottetown Harbour, Prince Edward Island, the species has not established a population in the harbour nor dispersed the ~12 km downstream to Hillsborough Bay, an important source of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) spat for the PEI aquaculture industry. A population matrix model used in conjunction with an oceanographic model suggests that advection of larvae from the harbour to the spat production area requires more than one or two generations, and the use of intermediate settlement nodes, such as navigational aids and aquaculture sites located in the upper part of Hillsborough Bay, as ‘stepping stones’. Maintaining potential settlement nodes in a tunicate-free condition could delay oceanographic dispersal of C. intestinalis within the estuary. According to observations of colonial tunicate dispersal in 2010, most likely originating from colonies established in the same locations where C. intestinalis inoculations have been detected, dispersal was occurring in the vicinity of one of the nodes identified by the model as priorities to be monitored for early detection of tunicate settlement, but had not yet reached the other node. A major finding is that the dispersal of solitary tunicates by oceanographic processes, often considered uncontrollable, is evidently amenable to management through monitoring and cleaning of the intermediate settlement nodes.
Slow magic‐angle coil spinning: A high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution NMR strategy for microscopic biological specimens

High‐resolution magic‐angle spinning has become a valuable tool to study biologic samples; however, there are only a few high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning methodologies that have been explored specifically to deal with small semisolid biomaterials such as tissues. Here, we report a novel high‐resolution 1H NMR spectroscopic approach using magic‐angle coil spinning. We demonstrate its potential for intact tissues by combining a resonant microcoil with a large‐volume commercial magic‐angle spinning rotor, where the microcoil offers incredible sensitivity and the large‐volume magic‐angle spinning rotor provides stable slow magic‐angle spinning. This approach provides high‐resolution spectra with high sensitivity and the preservation of living biologic specimens for an accurate chemical analysis. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preoperative physical activity, anesthesia, and analgesia: effects on early postoperative walking after total hip replacement.

This study explored whether preoperative activity, anesthesia, or analgesia influence early postoperative walking after total hip replacement (THR). Data were collected as part of a randomized intervention study of standard or augmented postoperative activity and its influence on wound healing. More than half of all subjects did not exercise regularly. Subjects who performed strength activities preoperatively walked significantly greater distances. Anesthesia or analgesia did not affect walking distances. Upper arm strength is needed after THR because walking is dependent on the use of assistive devices. These results suggest: (1) preoperative exercise may promote recovery of mobility after THR, and (2) a need to evaluate preoperative exercise programs for effect on mobility and independence after THR.
Post‐market drug surveillance sans trial costs: Discovery of adverse drug reactions via large‐scale analysis of Web search queries

Background: Postmarket drug safety surveillance largely depends on spontaneous reports by patients and healthcare providers, hence less common adverse drug reactions—especially those caused by long‐ term exposure, multidrug treatments, or specific to special populations—often elude discovery. Objective: Here we propose an ultra‐low‐cost fully automated method for continuous monitoring of adverse drug reactions in single drugs and in combinations thereof, and demonstrate the discovery of heretofore unknown ones. Materials and Methods: We use aggregated search data of large populations of Internet users to extract information related to drugs and adverse reactions to them, and correlate these data over time. We further extend our method to identify adverse reactions to combinations of drugs. Results: We validate our method by showing high correlation of our findings with known adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, while acute, early‐onset drug reactions are more likely to be reported to regulatory agencies, we show that less acute, later‐onset ones are better captured in Web search queries. Conclusions: Our method is advantageous in identifying previously unknown adverse drug reactions. These ADRs should be considered as candidates for further scrutiny by medical regulatory authorities, e.g., through Phase IV trials.