Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracellular traffic of proteins and endomembrane compartments in plant cells

The pH of the lumen of cellular organelles controls enzymatic reactions, protein sorting and vesicular traffic. In plant cells the pH in the lumen of endomembrane compartments is regulated by vacuolar V-ATPase and H + -pyrophosphatases (PPase). In epidermal petal cells of petunia a distinct P 3A ATPAse proton pump encoded by PH5 is required to acidify the central vacuole where anthocyanin pigments accumulate and to exhibit a reddish flower colour. Here we report that PH5 works in concert with yet another P-ATPase (PH1) of the subfamily P 3B , which was only known in prokaryotes. Mutation of PH1 reduces vacuolar acidification in petals and results in a blue flower phenotype, similar to mutations in PH5 or the upstream transcription regulators PH3 and PH4 . The combined ectopic expression of PH1 and PH5 is sufficient to restore vacuolar acidification in ph3 and ph4 petals and to acidify leaf vacuoles, indicating that these two proteins are the only two AN1/PH3/PH4 controlled factors required for vacuolar acidification and together constitute a universal vacuolar acidification machine. Split YFP experiments in plant cells and yeast two-hybrid assays indicate that PH1 and PH5 can physically interact and may operate as heteromeric complex in vivo. AN2 and AN11, activate >10 subordinate genes, including PH5 which encodes a P 3A -ATPase proton pump that resides in the vacuolar membrane (Verweij et al., 2008). Here we show that PH1 is another target of the AN1-PH3-PH4 complex and encodes a P 3B -ATPase that also resides in the tonoplast and interacts with PH5. PH1 and PH5 together are sufficient for (rescue of) vacuolar acidification in ph3 , ph4 and an1 petals and in leaf cells where these genes are not normally expressed. spectroscopy of vacuolar 31 P (see methods). The results show that the observed alterations in flower color and the pH of homogenates do correlate with alterations of the vacuolar, and that pH values in crude homogenates are surprisingly close to those measured by NMR. Since both methods measure average vacuolar pH values for the entire corolla, they underestimate the pH shifts caused by these ph mutations, because these affect the epidermal cells only.
Development, Implementation, and Assessment of Health Equity Action Training (HEAT): Implications for Local Health Departments

As inequities in health persistently plague our nation, rates of chronic disease continue to escalate, and increasing health care costs further debilitate our economy, the profession of public health is faced with monumental challenges. As a central community health institution, the local public health department plays an essential role in eliminating health inequities and preventing chronic disease. With the objective of preparing the local public health workforce to address the root factors associated with health, the Health Equity Action Training project trained 85 staff of the Hartford Department of Health & Human Services in the social determinants of health, social inequities, undoing racism, and cultural competency. Satisfaction results and pre/post assessments with a subsample of participants suggest that this training was effective at improving participants’ health equity attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Implications for local health departments are discussed.
Evaluation of platelet augmentation activity of Carica papaya leaf aqueous extract in rats

Carica papaya leaves have been used traditionally to treat indigestion, as a vermifuge. Carica papaya leaves have also been shown to possess anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. The current study aims at determining the effect of Carica papaya leaves aqueous extract in increasing the platelet count in thrombocytopenic rat model. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves at concentration of 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg were given to cyclophosphamide induced thrombocytopenic rats for a period of fifteen days. Blood was withdrawn at various time intervals to determine the platelet count. Also, the clotting time was determined on the 15th day of the study by capillary method. Carica papaya leaf extract was found to increase the platelet count and also to decrease the clotting time in rats. The study aims at determining the possible effects of papaya leaves in thrombocytopenia occurring in dengue fever.
Accounting for behavioural response to capture when estimating population size from hair snare studies with missing data

Hair snares have become an established method for obtaining mark‐recapture data for population size estimation of Ursids and have recently been used to study other species including other carnivores, small mammals and ungulates. However, bias due to a behavioural response to capture in the presence of missing data has only recently been recognized and no statistical methodology exists to accommodate it. In a hair snare mark‐recapture experiment, data can be missing if animals encounter a hair snare without leaving a hair sample, poor‐quality samples are not genotyped, a fraction of all samples collected are genotyped due to cost considerations (subsampling) and/or not all genotyped hair samples provide an individual identification. These are all common features of hair snare mark‐recapture experiments. Here, we present methodology that accounts for a behavioural response to capture in the presence of missing data from (i) subsampling and (ii) failure of hair samples to produce an individual identification. Four subprocesses are modelled–animal capture, hair deposition, researcher subsampling and DNA amplification with key parameters estimated from functions of the number of hair samples left by individuals at traps. We assess the properties of this methodology (bias and interval coverage) via simulation and then apply this methodology to a previously published data set. Our methodology removes bias and provides nominal interval coverage of population size for the simulation scenarios considered. In the example data set, we find that removing 75% of the hair samples leads to a 40% lower estimate of population size. Our methodology corrects about half of this bias and we identify a second source of bias that has not previously been reported associated with differential trap visitation rates among individuals within trapping occasions. Our methodology will allow researchers to reliably estimate the size of a closed population in the presence of a behavioural response to capture and missing data for a subset of missing data scenarios. It also provides a framework for understanding this generally unrecognized problem and for further extension to handle other missing data scenarios.
Penerapan Metode Learning Vector Quantization untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Gangguan pada Lambung

Iridology can prove that iris keeps information one’s health. Along with the development of technology, image processing can diagnose diseases based on iridology to detect with classification of iris image data. Disease to be studied in this research is a gastric disorder located in zone 1 according to iridology. Image processing through several preprocessing stages such as Grayscale, Gaussian Filtering, Canny edge detection, and also eye iris detection by algorithm Hough Transformation Circle. Image processing can also extract features with the help of masking. Masking is the process by which the system only focuses on the area to be detected ie the iris of the eye of the zone 1. The result of the process masking becomes input on the method of Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) to update the value of weights at the time of learning and will be reused at the time of testing. Based on that test done, the accuracy of gastric disease detection is 0.714286 %. Ilmu iridologi dapat membuktikan bahwa iris mata menyimpan informasi kesehatan seseorang. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, pengolahan citra dapat mendiagnosis penyakit berdasarkan iridologi untuk mendeteksi dengan klasifikasi data citra iris mata. Penyakit yang akan diteliti pada penelitian kali ini adalah gangguan lambung yang terletak pada zona 1 menurut ilmu iridologi. Pengolahan citra melalui beberapa tahap preprocessing seperti Grayscale , Gaussian Filtering , deteksi tepi Canny, dan deteksi iris mata dengan algoritme Hough Transformation Circle . Pengolahan citra juga dapat mengekstrasi fitur dengan bantuan masking . Masking adalah proses dimana sistem hanya berfokus pada daerah yang akan dideteksi yaitu iris mata bangian zona 1. Hasil proses masking menjadi masukan pada metode Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) untuk melakukan pembaharuan terhadap nilai bobot pada saat pembelajaran dan akan digunakan kembali pada saat pengujian. Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan, akurasi deteksi penyakit gangguan lambung mencapai 0.714286 %.
A Comparative Analysis of Residential and Retail Commercial Property Investments Performance in Ilorin, Nigeria.

The paper examines the performance of real estate investments in Ilorin, Nigeria. It conducts a comparative analysis of the performance of residential and retail commercial property investments within the period of year 2000 and 2011; focusing on average return, risk adjusted return, income growth and capital appreciation. The results showed that retail commercial property investments performed better than residential property investments with a mean annual return of 14.2% as against 11.8%. In addition, commercial property investments performed better in terms of risk adjusted return with sharp index of 1.11 as against 0.55 for residential property investments. In terms of income and capital growth, the performance of commercial property investments was also higher during the period of measurement. The study concluded that while both residential and commercial property investments performed well with positive mean returns and risk adjusted returns, commercial property outperformed residential property investments. Keywords: Property Investment, Performance Analysis, Real Estate, Investment Decision, Nigeria
AnomalyNet: An Anomaly Detection Network for Video Surveillance

Sparse coding-based anomaly detection has shown promising performance, of which the keys are feature learning, sparse representation, and dictionary learning. In this paper, we propose a new neural network for anomaly detection (termed AnomalyNet) by deeply achieving feature learning, sparse representation, and dictionary learning in three joint neural processing blocks. Specifically, to learn better features, we design a motion fusion block accompanied by a feature transfer block to enjoy the advantages of eliminating noisy background, capturing motion, and alleviating data deficiency. Furthermore, to address some disadvantages (e.g., nonadaptive updating) of the existing sparse coding optimizers and embrace the merits of neural network (e.g., parallel computing), we design a novel recurrent neural network to learn sparse representation and dictionary by proposing an adaptive iterative hard-thresholding algorithm (adaptive ISTA) and reformulating the adaptive ISTA as a new long short-term memory (LSTM). To the best of our knowledge, this could be one of the first works to bridge the $\ell _{1}$ -solver and LSTM and may provide novel insight into understanding LSTM and model-based optimization (or named differentiable programming), as well as sparse coding-based anomaly detection. Extensive experiments show the state-of-the-art performance of our method in the abnormal events detection task.
Piezo-actuated varifocal head-mounted displays for virtual and augmented reality

A fundamental cause of visual discomfort in traditional head-mounted displays (HMDs) for Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) is the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). We propose and develop a novel headset prototype based on the VerifocalTM platform to eliminate VAC by dynamically adjusting the focal plane of the display. The developed headset employs an eye tracking system to track the user's gaze and determine the virtual object being observed by the user. The varifocal display then moves the focal plane of the display to dynamically match the depth of the observed object, providing correct focus cues to the user. We achieve the focal plane adjustment by moving the headset's stereo displays independently using small, lightweight and low-power piezoelectric actuators. Such actuators offer a very low response time with high positional accuracy, while operating at a high speed and virtually silently. Furthermore, our headset prototype has a large adjustable dioptric range for each eye and thus provides the capability for also correcting myopia and anisometropia, allowing vision-impaired users to use the headset without the need for eyeglasses. In conclusion, our approach makes it possible for the user to observe close or far objects in the virtual environment with reduced eye strain by providing consistent depth cues for all viewing distances.
â€œTEMPEâ€ REDUCES DNA DAMAGE IN RATS IRRADIATED WITH ULTRAVIOLET RAY

â€˜Tempeâ€™ is a popular Javanese-Indonesian tradisional food made of fermentedsoyabean. This study aims to examine whether â€˜tempeâ€™, used as a strong anti-free,has the ability to decrease DNA damage induced by ultraviolet ray irirradiation inthe Wistar rats as indicated by the levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine.A Total of 24 Wistar rats, 2.5 to 3 mounths and 200 gr body weight, weredividing into 4 groups of equal size i.e. three treatment and one control groups.All rats were exposed to 5-hours daily UV ray sources of UV 15 watt Philip for 60days. Randomized post test only control group design was used in this study withindependent variables of 0, 1, 2 and 3 g â€˜tempeâ€™ per kilogram body weight per dayand independent variables of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine urinary level as aDNA damage biomarker following an oxidative stress. Data were analyzed byusing one way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD.The results of our study indicates that there is a decrease of DNA damageis manifested by progressive decrease of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine level in thetreatment groups as compared to the control group. Statistically significantdecrease of 22.61 % and 25.62 % was shown with p > 0.05. From our analysed data is could be inferred that â€˜tempeâ€™ has the ability todecrease DNA damage caused by ultraviolet ray irradiation. Supplementation of2 g â€˜tempeâ€™ per kilogram body weight per day appeared to have the strongesteffect of decreasing DNA damage in Wistar rats.
Changes in the feeding behaviour of a malaria vector, Anopheles farauti Lav., following use of DDT as a residual spray in houses in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

SUMMARY 1 To investigate the failure of DDT to interrupt malaria transmission in parts of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, regular all-night man-biting catches of malaria vectors were made before and after DDT house spraying on San Cristobal Island. 2 Changes were observed in the man-biting behaviour of Anopheles farauti. There was a reduction in the degree of entry into houses and a shifting of the times of peak biting. Whereas before spraying the indoor and outdoor biting cycles differed, after spraying there was no difference although both the indoor and outdoor cycles had altered. 3 DDT was found to have a deterrent effect on An.farauti but this effect decreased with time. 4 DDT also appears to eliminate a dominant indoor feeding fraction of the farauti population. Following this there can be an increase in an outdoor feeding fraction which can be responsible for a resumption of malaria transmission. 5 Biting cycles obtained before spraying are also shown for An.koliensis and An.punctulatus.
Broiler rearing systems: a review of major fattening results and meat quality traits

Poultry rearing systems have been the focus of scientific research for many years as a result of consumer demand for high-quality products and legal poultry welfare requirements. Given these requirements, the following study was carried out as a comparative review of the results obtained by different authors on the effect of rearing systems on productive traits (growth, feed conversion and mortality) and meat quality traits (dressing percentage, yield and percentage of primal cuts, and chemical composition of meat) in broilers. Most authors reported a lower final body weight and poorer feed conversion efficiency in free-range systems compared to intensive rearing. Conversely, better meat quality traits, most notably in terms of chemical composition of meat, were observed in non-intensive and organic broilers. The above traits showed differences within the same rearing system, due to the effect of a range of genetic and non-genetic factors. In view of the above, it is hoped that the following review on the use of different rearing systems in broiler meat production can serve as a tool in determining the future direction of research as well as an indicator of its practical applications.
Improving the quality of hospital care provided for asthma out-patients in a country in turmoil: a report from Syria.

Background In low resources settings, especially during periods of turmoil, asthma care becomes emergency-oriented, and adherence to international asthma management guidelines such as long-term inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) prescription is limited. The role of education for inhaler technique to guarantee treatment efficacy is neglected and follow up is hampered by war-related displacement. In Syria, asthma care is not included in primary care, and frequently, internal medicine general hospital outpatient clinics are the first contact. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the adequacy of prescription of controller medications (ICS/LABA) by residents on initial contact with patients, and the effect of regular onsite personalized supervision and coaching by a trainer pulmonologist on improving their practice. The second objective was to evaluate the efficacy of mobile training for inhaler technique, and asthma mobile follow up. Methods We developed an audit form to assess initial prescription of ICS/LABA by residents. Filled forms were reviewed by a trainer pulmonologist for compliance with international guidelines. When discrepancies were noted, onsite training was provided. Auditing of new presenting asthma patients is continual to evaluate improvement of initial prescription by the same residents. In parallel, video-mobile education of patients for inhaler technique, and mobile interviewing follow up were tested. Results Implementation of these strategies resulted in improved adherence of residents to ICS dosing guidelines (P=0.002), optimal inhaler technique by patients, and efficacy of mobile follow up. Conclusions WHO programs for CRD in developing countries, especially in regions of conflict and war, should include auditing of care by residents with onsite coaching by trainer pulmonologists, and mobile education for technology of inhaler and patient follow up.
Temporal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and xylem growth in Pinus sylvestris exposed to drought

Wood formation requires a continuous supply of carbohydrates for structural growth and metabolism. In the montane belt of the central Austrian Alps, we monitored the temporal dynamics of xylem growth and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) during the growing season of 2009, which was characterized by exceptional soil dryness within the study area. Soil water content dropped below 10% at the time of maximum xylem growth at the end of May. Histological analyses have been used to describe cambial activity and xylem growth. Determination of NSC was performed using specific enzymatic assays revealing that total NSC ranged from 0.8% to 1.7% dry matter throughout the year. Significant variations (P < 0.05) of the size of the NSC pool were observed during the growing season. Starch showed persistent abundance throughout the year, reaching a maximum shortly before onset of late wood formation in mid-July. Seasonal dynamics of NSC and xylem growth suggest that (i) h.
Blue light induced inhibition of seed germination: The necessity of the fruit coats for the blue light response

The seeds (achenes) of Laportea bulbifera require a chilling to break their dormancy and are negatively photoblastic. Their germination is inhibited by both continuous blue light and continuous or prolonged far-red radiation. The germination of de-coated seeds, prepared by removing the fruit coats, however, was strongly inhibited by continuous far-red, but not by continuous blue light. Photoreversible germination by a brief irradiation with red light occurred when the chilled seeds were exposed to prolonged far-red light. These results suggest that far-red light may regulate the germination of L. bulbifera seeds through the phytochrome system which exists in the regions other than fruit coats and that the blue light reaction may be governed by other photoreceptor system(s).
Above and below guarantee parameterizations for combinatorial optimisation problems

Parameterized complexity can be viewed as a two-dimensional approach to traditional complexity theory. Rather than measuring the complexity of a problem purely in terms of the input size, we also consider some structural parameter of the input instance, and measure how the complexity of the problem changes as this parameter changes. The analogue of polynomial time tractability is fixed-parameter tractability, in which the problem can be solved efficiently as long as the value of the parameter remains small. It turns out that for many practical applications of traditionally NP-complete problems, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable for some choice of parameter which in practice is often small. Parameterized complexity thus provides a theoretically rigorous framework for explaining why so many applications of NPcomplete problems are in practice solvable efficiently. It is natural to ask how the complexity of a problem changes with the size of the solution sought. Aboveand below-guarantee parameterizations are a way to model this in parameterized complexity theory. Given an optimisation problem with a known lower (upper) bound on the value of the objective function, we ask how the complexity of the problem changes as the desired solution value gets further above (below) the bound. In the first part of this thesis, we consider above-bound parameterizations for a family of graph theory problems related to Max-Cut, in which we are given a graph and asked to find a maximum bipartite subgraph. The Edwards-Erdős bound gives a lower bound on the size of such a subgraph, and the parameterization of Max-Cut above this bound was an open problem for 15 years. We show that this problem is fixed-parameter extendible, and extend this result to the weighted case for a family of problems that generalizes Max-Cut. For the non-weighted case, we also prove polynomial kernel results (in which an instance can be reduced to an equivalent instance with size bounded by a polynomial in the parameter) for the corresponding parameterizations of Balanced Subgraph (a problem that generalizes Max-Cut) and Max Acyclic Subgraph on oriented graphs. In the second part of this thesis, we investigate various below-guarantee parameterizations for two hypergraph problems, Hitting Set and Test-Cover. We also use our results for the former problem to show positive results for other parameterized problems, including an above-guarantee parameterization of Max-SAT.