Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tecnologías actuales y emergentes para la identificación animal y su aplicación en la trazabilidad animal

SUMMARY The use of labels for the identification of live animals and its products have been practiced for over 2000 years, being extensively used in Europe with the appearance of the first epidemic diseases. At present, the advances on crops and livestock genetic engineering, the appearance of new diseases related with food consumption (i.e. mad cow disease, E. coli 0157, etc.), and the discovery of contaminants in the food chain have produced great concern among the consumers. This is why it is so important that producers provide consumers with a guarantee on the product quality, specially since they now demand to know origin and quality of the food. In international markets, new procedures based on the concept “from gate to plate” have been implemented through the food chain, in order to bring out trademarks and certified processes which guarantee the quality of the food that goes out in the market. As a result of this new consumer demand, the “traceability concept” in food has been gradually incorporated in our vocabulary and it is now one of the main concerns of the food industry. The traceability systems used to identify animals, monitor their movements and trace their products have considerably evolved over the last years. These systems must be convenient, easy to read, durable, and harmless. Many devices have been used pursuing this objective, such as tattoos, ear-tags, electronic chips, iris and retina identification and more recently, DNA fingerprinting and molecular markers. It has become important to harmonise approved systems in order to provide a better guarantee and to facilitate international trade of animals and their products. Today, traceability is an esssential requirement in terms of exporting high-value products to the global food markets providing the producer with an opportunity to reach better prices for a differentiated product. Thus, many meat industries have turned this concern in a great commercial opportunity.
Tropical meteorology

years primarily as a result of the organization of national and international field experiments, and also because of the gradual expansion of the day-to-day observational network in these latitudes. Meteorologists perceive the tropics to be the zone which lies between the axes of the subtropical anticyclones near 30°N and 30°S on average. This region coincides approximately with the area of radiative surplus in the earth-atmosphere system and therefore acts as the ’powerhouse’ of the global circulation of the atmosphere (and oceans). The development of sophisticated hemispherical, and more recently global, operational numerical weather prediction models has been of great importance in both the expansion of the regular observational network across the tropics and in the design of the concerted large-scale field programmes. Riehl (1979) has outlined the history of such tropical meteorological experiments up to and including those components of the World Meteorological Organization’s Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP). The GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) took place from June to September 1974 and was followed by important tropical components of the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) which lasted from 1 December 1978 to 30 November 1979. Within this period a couple of two month special observing periods
Caracterização da pesca artesanal no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (1995-1996)

Amateur fishing gear and methods, and fishing production in the Cananeia-Iguape lagoon-estuarine complex region, southernmost coast of the state of Sao Paulo (25oS; 48oW), Brazil, were analyzed during 1995 and 1996. Consisting mainly of small wooden boats, only a small part of the amateur fishing fleet, currently in operation, is motor-powered. The activity is, however, important to the region and contributes with 10 to 32% of total landing in Cananeia. The local amateur fishery is divided into two main groups: the near-shore fishery and the estuarine fishery. The former mainly exploits the Atlantic seabob ( Xiphopenaeus kroyeri ), the white shrimp ( Litopenaeus schmitti ). Fishermen fish with gillnet or long line in a typical small boat bottom trawl called as “bateira”. The fishing gear and techniques of the local estuarine fishery include the fence trap, the gillnet, and the floating and vertical long line. A typical small drift beam trawl net, locally known as “gerival”, is also used to catch juvenile shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis and F. brasiliensis , highly valuable bait for recreational fishing. The fence trap is the main fishing gear and more than 90 traps were set inside the estuary, where the target species is mullet ( Mugil platanus ), although many other species are also important catch items, e.g. Mugil curema , snook ( Centropomus spp.), whitemouth croaker ( Micropogonias furnieri ), king weakfish ( Macrodon ancylodon ) and mojarras ( Diapterus rhombeus ). The production of Atlantic seabob, the most important species of Cananeia’s amateur fishery, fluctuated from year to year. The amateur fishery landings of Atlantic seabob were 34 t. in 1995 and 12 t. in 1996
Improving self super resolution in magnetic resonance images

Magnetic resonance (MR) images (MRI) are routinely acquired with high in-plane resolution and lower through-plane resolution. Improving the resolution of such data can be achieved through post-processing techniques knows as super-resolution (SR), with various frameworks in existence. Many of these approaches rely on external databases from which SR methods infer relationships between low and high resolution data. The concept of self super-resolution (SSR) has been previously reported, wherein there is no external training data with the method only relying on the acquired image. The approach involves extracting image patches from the acquired image constructing new images based on regression and combining the new images by Fourier Burst Accumulation. In this work, we present four improvements to our previously reported SSR approach. We demonstrate these improvements have a significant effect on improving image quality and the measured resolution.
Provably-Safe Cooperative Driving via Invariably Safe Sets

We address the problem of provably-safe cooperative driving for a group of vehicles that operate in mixed traffic scenarios, where both autonomous and human-driven vehicles are present. Our method is based on Invariably Safe Sets (ISSs), which are sets of states that let each of the cooperative vehicles remain safe for an infinite time horizon. The potential conflicts between the ISSs of a group of cooperative vehicles are resolved by examining and negotiating their Safe Maneuver Corridors. As a result, each vehicle obtains its negotiated ISS, which is used as target sets for motion planning. We demonstrate the applicability and benefits of our method on various traffic scenarios from the CommonRoad benchmark suite.
STASIS IN PROGRESS: The Empirical Basis of Macroevolution

The theory and practice of macroevolutionary study have moved from the seat of the pants, to the back of an envelope, to the printed page. In the course of this journey, important ideas have surfaced and have too often been confused through a combination of inadequate original presentation of concepts and widely varying reinterpretations. For example, macromutations have been represented as "hopeful monsters," that is, as coordinated, novel structures of highly improbable origin within the normal spectrum of mutations (75, 80, 148, 175). But a macromutation can also be described as a highly probable mutation that has important consequences for structure and evolution (65). This confusion stems from the common habit, not limited to evolutionary biology, of creating an intellectual dichotomy while failing to define both sides of the issue precisely. It is as if two countries decided to fight a war without any conception of who were the citizens on each side. This problem is illustrated well by Goldschmidt's (76) argument for a large-scale mutation in the origin of Batesian mimicry. Subsequent work (45, 46) has demonstrated that a "large" mutation is indeed the cornerstone of mimicry by the swallowtail Papilio dardanus. But there is nothing mysterious or monstrous about this variant; the major mutation, moreover, is supported by several minor changes that com­ plete the construction of the mimetic phenotype. One wonders about the utility
Carbon dioxide and methane evasion from a temperate peatland stream

Peatland streams potentially represent important conduits for the exchange of gaseous carbon between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere. We investigated how gaseous evasion of carbon from the stream surface compared with downstream carbon transport at three locations on a Scottish headwater stream. Carbon dioxide was consistently above atmospheric saturation in the stream, with mean concentrations of 159.1, 81.8, and 29.5 µmol L−1 at the lower, middle, and upper sites, respectively (i.e., 7.6, 3.9, and 1.2 times in excess of atmospheric equilibrium concentrations). Methane concentrations in stream water were much lower but showed a similar pattern. Rates of gaseous evasion from the stream surface to the atmosphere, determined experimentally using direct measurement of dissolved gas concentrations in conjunction with coinjection of conservative solute and volatile gas tracers, also declined downstream. Combined stream losses of all forms of carbon from the entire catchment (i.e., degassing from the stream surface and exports downstream) totaled 54,140 kg C yr−1. Evasion of carbon dioxide from the stream surface accounted for 34% of this total, compared to 57% lost as dissolved organic carbon via export downstream. When expressed per unit area of watershed, the gaseous C evasion from the stream represents a loss of 14.1 g C m−2 yr−1, which equals 28–70% of the estimated net carbon accumulation rate for such peatlands. This study shows that gaseous carbon loss from the surface of temperate headwater streams can be both spatially variable and significant in terms of rates of net annual land surface‐atmosphere exchange at the catchment scale.
Preliminary results on ghrelin mRNA quantification in buffalo calves during fasting and refeeding by real-time reverse transcription PCR assay

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate ghrelin response to milk administration in 20 days old buffalo calves. The trial was carried out on 5 female buffalo calves with a mean age of 21.2±2.8 days. Five blood samples were collected from each animal into EDTA tubes, starting at 07.00 until 15.00, at 2-h intervals. At 09.00, after the second blood sample, replaced milk was administered to the calves. Blood samples were immediately placed at 4°C until processing, which was performed on the same day. We used real-time reverse transcription PCR system to detect the expression of ghrelin mRNA levels in blood of buffalo calves. Two calves showed a low ghrelin concentration at the start of the trial (Group A = low ghrelin concentration) and three calves a high ghrelin concentration (Group B = high ghrelin concentration). Ghrelin expression was significantly higher either two hours (P<0.01) and just before feeding (P<0.05) in Group B vs. Group A. However, in both cases, a significant (P<0.05) difference was observed within each group between -2 and 6 hours after feeding. Therefore, ghrelin concentration tended to increase in animals that showed low levels and, similarly, it lowered in animals that showed high concentration. If these results will be confirmed, may represent the evidence that also in buffalo calves the ghrelin system may affect feed intake. Further studies are needed in order to better evaluate the ghrelin system in buffalo calves.
Produção do anti-soro e detecção por DAS-Elisa do Melon yellowing-associated virus em meloeiro

RESUMO A doenca conhecida como “Amarelao do Meloeiro” e hoje uma das principais doencas em meloeiro no Nordeste do Brasil. Ate o momento, somente o Melon yellowing-associated virus (MYaV), transmitido por moscas-brancas, foi detectado em plantas doentes e constitui-se no provavel agente causador da doenca. Para permitir uma diagnose inequivoca da doenca, este trabalho objetivou a producao e avaliacao de anti-soro policlonal contra o isolado “Bessa” de MYaV. Particulas virais foram purificadas e injetadas em coelhos para a producao do anti-soro, que mostrou ser especifico sem a ocorrencia de reacoes com extrato de plantas sadias e outros virus que infectam o melao. Para a avaliacao do anti-soro, 14 amostras de meloeiro com sintomas de amarelao oriundas de campos de producao de Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte foram avaliadas em DAS-Elisa. Onze amostras reagiram positivamente e verificou-se que a concentracao viral maior e vista na haste e nao nas folhas, sendo o tecido a ser selecionado para a realizacao de testes de deteccao. Esse estudo demonstrou que o antisoro policlonal produzido contra o MYaV e especifico e podera ser utilizado na deteccao desse virus em plantios comerciais de melao. Palavras chave: amarelao, MYaV, carlavirus, flexivirus, deteccao, sorologia.
Long-Term Side Effects of Adjuvant Therapy in Primary Breast Cancer Patients: Results of a Web-Based Survey

Background: Chronic treatment sequelae may substantially reduce the long-term quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Methods: We report a comprehensive Web-based survey on the presence of long-term side effects of adjuvant anti-breast cancer therapy in 1,506 patients who had been diagnosed with primary breast cancer at least 1 year before. Results: Fatigue, depression, depressive mood, concentration deficit, pain, changes of mucosa and skin appendages, as well as symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were the most prevalent reported complaints. Chemotherapies - taxane-based regimens in particular - were associated with increased rates of long-term symptoms, including persistent peripheral neuropathy. Overall, the data show a substantial prevalence of a wide variety of potentially treatment-associated symptoms over a protracted time frame after the diagnosis of breast cancer. The burden of symptoms was high for fatigue, depression, sleep disturbances, pain, and peripheral neuropathic symptoms. Conclusion: Estimating the burden of chronic toxicities should contribute to enhance rational decision-making on treatments including chemotherapy in patients with low versus high risk of recurrence.
Investigation of nutrient content, phytochemical content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of inedible portion of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.).

Pomegranate is a plant with high potential to have antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. In the present study inedible parts (peel and seed) of pomegranate, variety �Bhagawawere examined for the presence of phytochemicals, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant and anti -microbial compounds. Further, nutrition value of the samples was also examined. Results of GC -MS analysis carried out using four different solvents showed 12 and 25 fracti ons for peel and seed extracts respectively. Both peel and seed were with high amount of Anthocyanin, Phenolic compounds and Flavonoids. Both extracts gave 100% free radicals reduction in DPPH assay showing high antioxidant activity. Further, both extracts showed antibacterial activity against eight tested food borne pathogens. Antibacterial activity shown by peel extracts was higher than that of seed extract. Both peel and seed extracts showed highest and lowest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocyatogenes respectively.Both extract showed same antibacterial activity which was shown by Kanamycin forShigella fexneri.According to the present study, pomegranate peel and
The mechanics of annual changes in ptarmigan numbers: a reply to Bergerud, Mossop, and Myrberget

In their review, Bergerud et al. (Bergerud, A. T., Mossop, D. H., and Myrberget, S. 1985. Can. J. Zool. 63: 2240–2248) evaluated two hypotheses to explain changes between years in the number of breeding ptarmigan (Lagopus spp.): "(i) numbers are limited by territorial spacing behaviour (Watson and Moss 1972) [Watson, A. , and Moss, R. 1972. Proc. Int. Ornithol. Congr. 15: 134–1491 and (ii) numbers change in response to annual variations in breeding success. " Several of the general definitions or views that they proposed are theoretically unsound or ambiguous, and certain specific statements inaccurate. After stating that "the primary implication of the breeding success hypothesis, namely that chick survival to autumn will be reflected in the next year's population, is not a mutually exclusive test" and after giving no mutually exclusive test themselves, they went on to use the invalid test of a correlation between changes in numbers and breeding success as if it were mutually exclusive. The reviewers' conc.
A New Basal Ancistrini Genus and Species from the Andes of Northern Peru (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Abstract Etsaputu relictum, a new genus and species sister to all other Ancistrini, is described from the upper Marañon River in Northern Peru. Etsaputu relictum can be diagnosed from all other Hypostominae by having a coracoid with a serrated posterior margin of the posterior process, an opercle with a process extending ventrolaterally from the ventral margin, and branchiostegals one and two fused. Etsaputu relictum is further distinguished by having cheek plates evertible to less than 45° from the sagittal plane, by having fewer than ten (typically zero or six) enlarged cheek-plate odontodes, by having enlarged cheek-plate odontodes straight and no longer than 15 times length of odontodes on lateral body plates, by having large eyes (mean 24.0% of head length, range 21.7–27.6% HL), and by having uniformly gold-brown to bronze base color with golden sheen when alive.
Examples of Electromyograms

An electromyogram (EMG) is a common clinical test used to assess function of muscles and the nerves that control them. EMG studies are used to help in the diagnosis and management of disorders such as the muscular dystrophies and neuropathies. Nerve conduction studies that measure how well and how fast the nerves conduct impulses are often performed in conjunction with EMG studies.
Estrogen receptor subtypes in the female reproductive tract

Estrogens are essential regulators of female fertility. Estrogen biosynthesis is dependent upon expression of the cytochrome P450 aromatase, the highest levels of expression of which are detected in the human placenta and the granulosa cells of the mature ovarian follicle. Consistent with this pattern of expression, in non-pregnant premenopausal women, the ovaries have been shown to be the primary source of estradiol. In recent years there has also been an increased interest in the role(s) played by estrogens in regulation of adipose tissue, the vasculature and bone and as paracrine regulators of tissue function in postmenopausal women. In the premenopausal years the uterus is a target for estrogen and the cyclical event of menstruation is a consequence of the sequential exposure of the endometrium to estrogen and progesterone (reviewed in references 5 and 6). Endometrial breakdown occurs as a consequence of progesterone withdrawal with the demise of the corpus luteum (CL) in the absence of pregnancy.
Trends and perspectives in animal‐attached remote sensing

Animal-attached remote sensing, or bio-logging, refers to the deployment of autonomous recording tags on free-living animals, so that multiple variables can be monitored at rates of many times per second, thereby generating millions of data points over periods ranging from hours to years. Rapid advances in technology are allowing scientists to use data-recording units to acquire huge, quantitative datasets of behavior from animals moving freely in their natural environment. In other words, scientists can examine wild animals in the field, behaving normally, with the same rigor that is normally used in the laboratory. The flexibility of such recording systems means that bio-logging science operates at the interface of several biological disciplines, looking at a wide array of aquatic, airborne, and terrestrial species, monitoring not only the physical characteristics of the environment, but also the animal's reactions to it. This approach is critically important in an era when global change threatens the survival of species and where habitat loss is leading to widespread extinctions.
Relationship between biomass energy and economic growth in transition countries: panel ARDL approach

In this study, we have investigated the co‐integration and causality relationship between the biomass energy consumption and economic growth in the transition countries by the Panel Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method and Pedroni co‐integration analysis for 1990–2011. Analysed countries are gathered under two groups. For Groups 1 and 2, Pedroni panel co‐integration test and ARDL bound test results show that biomass energy consumption and economic growth are co‐integrated. Fully modified ordinary least squares results suggested that biomass energy consumption has positive effect on the economic growth.
Presence and identity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence competitive interactions between plant species

1 Competition for nutrients is an important factor structuring plant communities. Plant symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can have considerable influence on nutrient uptake and are therefore likely to influence plant competition. In this study we investigated the influence of different AMF isolates on the competitive relationships between a legume (Lotus corniculatus L.) and a grass (Festuca ovina L.), and between L. corniculatus and a forb (Plantago lanceolata L.). 2 AMF altered the competitive interactions between the investigated plant species. The legume, which was the most AMF‐dependent plant species, was favoured in the presence of AMF relative to the non‐AMF treatment in seven out of eight cases. Competition between the grass and the legume was the most strongly affected by AMF. The grass and the legume both benefited from AMF when grown alone, but in competition AMF favoured the legume and grass biomass was reduced by 38%. 3 The presence and also the identity of AMF influenced the competitive relationships. The extent to which AMF influenced plant competition and changed the relative abundances of the competitors depended on the specific AMF isolate. 4 This study shows that both presence and identity of AMF can influence plant competition. These results indicate that AMF and the composition of AMF communities regulate plant interactions and determine the structure of plant communities.
Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Centromeric Alphoid DNA in Human Metaphase Chromosomes by PNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Its Application to Biological Radiation Dosimetry

Centromeres of human chromosomes contain highly repeated sequences of DNA including alphoid DNA. Because of the complicated genomic organization of the centromere, the distribution of alphoid DNA in chromosomes has not been fully investigated. We conducted fluorescence in situ hybridization using a synthetic peptide nucleic acid as a sensitive probe (PNA–FISH) to detect chromosomal sites of alphoid DNA. As a result, the size variation of centromeric alphoid DNA among chromosomes was visualized with hybridization times as short as 1–2 h. In addition to the inter-chromosomal variation, we detected possible inter-individual variation in the size of alphoid DNA sites, which had been difficult to precisely analyze by conventional molecular and cytogenetic methods. We then applied this sensitive and rapid detection method to evaluate the yield of multicentric chromosomes induced in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes by high-dose gamma-irradiation. This PNA–FISH allows us to unequivocally determine centromeres in complexly rearranged chromosomes, confirming its usefulness in biological radiation dosimetry.