Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistics of Conditional Fluid Velocity in the Corrugated Flamelets Regime of Turbulent Premixed Combustion: A Direct Numerical Simulation Study

The statistics of mean fluid velocity components conditional in unburned reactants and fully burned products in the context of Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations have been studied using a Direct Numerical Simulation database of statistically planar turbulent premixed flame representing the corrugated flamelets regime combustion. Expressions for conditional mean velocity and conditional velocity correlations which are derived based on a presumed bimodal probability density function of reaction progress variable for unity Lewis number flames are assessed in this study with respect to the corresponding quantities extracted from DNS data. In particular, conditional surface averaged velocities (𝑢𝑖)𝑅𝑠 and the velocity correlations (𝑢𝑖𝑢𝑗)𝑅𝑠 in the unburned reactants are demonstrated to be effectively modelled by the unconditional velocities (𝑢𝑖)𝑅 and velocity correlations (𝑢𝑖𝑢𝑗)𝑅, respectively, for the major part of turbulent flame brush with the exception of the leading edge. By contrast, conditional surface averaged velocities (𝑢𝑖)𝑃𝑠 and the velocity correlations (𝑢𝑖𝑢𝑗)𝑃𝑠 in fully burned products are shown to be markedly different from the unconditional velocities (𝑢𝑖)𝑃 and velocity correlations (𝑢𝑖𝑢𝑗)𝑃, respectively.
Credit Risk Management And Financial Performance Of Selected Commercial Banks In Kenya

The study sought to determine the impact of credit risk management on financial performance of selected commercial banks in Kenya. Empirical evidence indicates that the effects credit risk management on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya are positive.The study employed descriptive research design while probability method of sampling was used to obtain a sample of 42 respondents from five banks. Data was collected using questionnaires. The study found that debt recovery process does not significantly affect bank performance whereas loan appraisal process, lending requirements and credit policies were found to have a significant effect on bank performance. The study concluded that the banks need to maintain credit risk exposure within acceptable parameters to maximise a bank’s risk adjusted rate of return. Based on the findings, the study made recommendations to commercial banks management, academicians and policymakers. The study recommended that commercial banks in Kenya should put stringent measure when conducting loan appraisal process and ensure that officers responsible should adhere to all the lending requirements stipulated in order to enhance financial performance. Future researcher should focus on the challenges commercial banks face when implementing credit risk management strategies.
Moving Target Network Defense Effectiveness Evaluation Based on Change-Point Detection

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of moving target network defense, a dynamic effectiveness evaluation approach based on change-point detection is presented. Firstly, the concept of multilayer network resource graph is defined, which helps establish the relationship between the change of resource vulnerability and the transfer of network node state. Secondly, a change-point detection and standardized measurement algorithm is proposed. Consequently, it improves the efficiency of evaluation by measuring the change-point dynamically and enhancing the accuracy of evaluation based on multilayer network resource graph. What’s more, in order to evaluate the defense effectiveness comprehensively, defense cost and benefits are set as evaluation indicators. Finally, experimental analysis, represented by MT6D and DNAT, proves the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method and the accuracy of the evaluation results.
Are GARCH models necessary for Expected Shortfall

Following the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s decision to move from Value at Risk to Expected Shortfall, risk managers will have to alter their methods for reporting risk. This paper sheds light on the question of which volatility models and distributional assumptions that works best for this new method of risk measurement by evaluating forecasts for the Swedish index OMXS30. The empirical results indicate that the choice of model becomes less important for Expected Shortfall than for Value at Risk, and that the Student’s t distributed Value at Risk model improves accuracy compared to a normally distributed model. The EWMA model, proposed by the RiskMetrics Group, as well as the IGARCH and GJR-GARCH models generates adequate Value at Risk estimates at the 97.5 percent confidence level. (Less)
Evaluating the Impact of Science, Technology and Innovation Programs: a Methodological Toolkit

The purpose of this guideline is to provide ideas and technical advice on how to measure the effectiveness of Science, Technology and Innovation Programs (STIP). The paper addresses the specific challenges of evaluating STIP, from the assessment of the intervention logic to the choice of the most appropriate method to solve the attribution problem. Much attention is devoted to the topic of data, discussing pros and cons of different data sources, data quality issues, and strategies for data collection. The paper analyzes in detail the potential application of experimental and quasi-experimental methods to STIP.
Identification of an industrial hybrid system

In this paper we present an experimental study in the identification of an industrial hybrid system. Piecewise ARX models, that consist of a number of ARX models, together with the partition of the regressor space into regions where each of the models is valid, were identified Effects of dry friction, and mechanical constraints in the experimental setup are demonstrated, and their infl uence on the identification procedure is discussed. Com- parison of the simulated responses of the identified models with the responses of the real system shows that the obtained models are able to describe relevant aspects of the dynamics of the experimental setup. Ways to improve the identification procedure are proposed.
Automatic music thumbnailing using localization information of audio object

In this study, in order to automatically generate thumbnail music that has a main part of the original tune, we propose a new estimation method of structure changes in stereo tunes based on localization information. The proposed method can estimate the main parts of the music tune by analyzing specific timing when localization information changes under the assumption that the changing time of the localization approximately corresponds to timing of the music structure change. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method by the objective assessment in this paper. The experimental result shows that the proposed method can detect correct timing of music structure changes with more than 70 percent accuracy rate.
Morphological and Cytological Response of Selected Recombinant Inbred Lines of Rye (Secale cereale L.) to Nutrient Deprivation Stress Assessed at the Seedling Stage

The response of fifty-nine recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of rye (F9) to stress caused by low nitrogen and potassium deficiencies in a medium for mature embryo cultures is described in the present study. We demonstrated that the recombinant inbred lines responded in different ways to nutrient stress. On average they developed longer coleoptyles, shorter roots and less numerous roots in the medium with high N and K content in comparison with the deficient medium. Also other responses were observed, which included RILs developing significantly shorter roots in the low-nitrogen-potassium treatment when compared to the high-nitrogen-potassium treatment. The lines were clustered depending on their individual response to stress with the use of Wardâ€™s agglomerative method. The dendrogram shows four main groups (a-d) with RILs with similar response to caused stress. Susceptible lines were identified in groups â€˜aâ€™-â€˜bâ€™, while tolerant lines clustered in groups â€˜câ€™-â€˜dâ€™. Cytological analyses of the elongation zone of the seminal roots of seedlings subjected to caused stress were carried out with the use of an inverted microscope. The analysis showed fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) in the epidermal zone of the seminal roots, which proves the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The appearance of ROS in the seminal roots could have resulted from the activation of the mechanisms for sensing and responding to induced stress.
Estimating the primate divergence time using conditioned birth-and-death processes

The fossil record provides a lower bound on the primate divergence time of 54.8 million years ago, but does not provide an explicit estimate for the divergence time itself. We show how the pattern of diversification through the Cenozoic can be combined with a model for speciation to give a distribution for the age of the primates. The primate fossil record, the number of extant primate species, and information about the structure of the primate phylogenetic tree are combined to provide an estimate for the joint distribution of the primate and anthropoid divergence times. To take this information into account, we derive the structure of the birth-and-death process conditioned to have a subtree originate at a particular point in time. This process has a size-biased law and has an immortal line running from the root of the tree to the root of the subtree, with species on the spine having modified offspring and length distributions. We conclude that it is not possible, with this model, to rule out a Cretaceous origin for the primates.
A Complex IT Model System Based on Hierarchical Semantic Network

With the continuous development of IT system in enterprises, the more complicated IT system framework rising up. IT system operation becomes more and more difficult. In order to improve the ability of IT management, a complex IT model system is built up along with establishing semantic network of complex IT system in this article. Here the semantic conflict is eliminated by model layer in this model system. This can instruct IT system operating industry as one methodology to build up its knowledge database, as well as representing its internal knowledge. Keywords-semantic network; semantic conflict; IT system operation; knowledge database; complex IT system
Auxiliary master equation approach to nonequilibrium correlated impurities

We present a numerical method for the study of correlated quantum impurity problems out of equilibrium, which is particularly suited to address steady-state properties within dynamical mean field theory. The approach, recently introduced by Arrigoni et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 086403 (2013)], is based upon a mapping of the original impurity problem onto an auxiliary open quantum system, consisting of the interacting impurity coupled to bath sites as well as to a Markovian environment. The dynamics of the auxiliary system is governed by a Lindblad master equation whose parameters are used to optimize the mapping. The accuracy of the results can be readily estimated and systematically improved by increasing the number of auxiliary bath sites, or by introducing a linear correction. Here, we focus on a detailed discussion of the proposed approach including technical remarks. To solve for the Green's functions of the auxiliary impurity problem, a non-Hermitian Lanczos diagonalization is applied. As a benchmark, results for the steady-state current-voltage characteristics of the single-impurity Anderson model are presented. Furthermore, the bias dependence of the single-particle spectral function and the splitting of the Kondo resonance are discussed. In its present form, the method is fast, efficient, and features a controlled accuracy.
The link between the assembly of the inner dark matter halo and the angular momentum evolution of galaxies in the EAGLE simulation

We explore the co-evolution of the specific angular momentum of dark matter haloes and the cold baryons that comprise the galaxies within. We study over 2000 galaxies within the reference cosmological hydrodynamical simulation of the ‘Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments’ (EAGLE) project. We employ a methodology within which the evolutionary history of a system is specified by the time-evolving properties of the Lagrangian particles that define it at z=0.We find a strong correlation between the evolution of the specific angular momentum of today’s stars (cold gas) and that of the inner (whole) dark matter halo they are associated with. This link is particularly strong for the stars formed before the epoch of maximum expansion and subsequent collapse of the central dark matter halo (turnaround). Spheroids are assembled primarily from stars formed prior to turnaround, and suffer a net loss of angular momentum associated with the strong merging activity during the assembly of the inner dark matter halo. Stellar discs retain their specific angular momentum since they are comprised of stars formed mainly after turnaround, from gas that mostly preserves the high specific angular momentum it acquired by tidal torques during the linear growth of the halo. Since the specific angular momentum loss of the stars is tied to the galaxy’s morphology today, it may be possible to use our results to predict, statistically, the maximum loss of specific angular momentum of the inner part of a halo given the morphology of the galaxy it hosts.
A differential evolution based MPPT method for photovoltaic modules under partial shading conditions

Partially shaded photovoltaic (PV) modules have multiple peaks in the power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curve and conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, such as perturbation and observation (P&O), which is unable to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) accurately due to its localized search space. Therefore, this paper proposes a differential evolution (DE) based optimization algorithm to provide the globalized search space to track the GMPP. The direction of mutation in the DE algorithm is modified to ensure that the mutation always converges to the best solution among all the particles in the generation. This helps to provide the rapid convergence of the algorithm. Simulation of the proposed PV system is carried out in PSIM and the results are compared to P&O algorithm. In the hardware implementation, a high step-up DC-DC converter is employed to verify the proposed algorithm experimentally on partial shading conditions, load variation, and solar intensity variation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to converge to the GMPP within 1.2 seconds with higher efficiency than P&O.
Computational imaging and reconstruction in digital holographic microscopy

Imaging systems are foundational to our observation and understanding of the world around us, and biological microscopy is our window to the microscopic world of living things. Ideally, we wish to capture all the spatial, directional, spectral, even statistical information about a specimen with infinite precision; practically, the optics and detector impose significant constraints, forcing us to choose among accepting various tradeoffs depending on the specific applications. In recent years, computational algorithms are effective in pushing these limitations. Specifically, our focus is on holographic microscopy, where the axial information is encoded in the digital holograms. By recording the interferometric patterns created by the interaction of a reference light source and an object, we can achieve volumetric imaging; equivalently, we can reconstruct individual sections of the 3D object computationally. In this work, we will overview two types of computational advances for digital holographic microscopy. First is the development of computational techniques that aim to reduce data capture and increase spatial resolution. This is possible often with appropriate image model, such as sparsity, which becomes part of the constraints in the image reconstruction process. Second relates to the recent popularity of machine learning techniques in many applications of computer vision. We will discuss how such data-driven approach to digital holography is possible, and can be effective tools among different holographic image reconstruction algorithms.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND GLOBALIZATION IN THE COASTAL FISHERY

Most coastal fisheries in the U.S. and other developed economies are going through a major transition. On the one hand, new technologies such as electronic enhancement to assist trawling have led to a decline in the unit cost of fishing, making it more economically efficient. On the other hand, this improved efficiency has possibly led to increased environmental damage. This has led to conflicts between fishermen and conservation groups. In the past, the main policy issue confronting fishery managers was the task of ensuring that stocks were managed at levels that sustained employment and profits in the fishing industry. However, in recent years, the dynamics of the coastal fishery has changed dramatically. More and more affluent people have settled into coastal areas. Recreational demand has increased faster than demand for commercial fish. Environmental concerns have often become more important than the matter of providing fish at reasonable prices to the urban consumer. This trend has been exacerbated by the globalization of the world fish industry, so that cheaper imports from overseas can now compete with higher cost domestic fish. The paper addresses this problem by developing a simple spatial model of the coastal fishery with two fleets, a traditional higher cost fleet which is environmentally less damaging (e.g., castnetting), and a modern lower cost fleet (trawling) which may have negative environmental effects. As fish move away from inshore breeding grounds to areas offshore, they grow bigger in size, attracting a price premium. The model tries to answer the question: which fleet should fish in what location? This depends on various cost and demand parameters. The optimal spatial allocation of fishing effort is derived when fleets have harvest and capacity constraints. The effect of regulation, for example to preserve inshore fishing grounds for the traditional fleet or imposing environmental taxes on the modern fleet are examined. The effect of imports on effort allocation is discussed. The paper concludes with a case study discussion of the southeastern U.S. shrimp fishery.
Follicular Lymphomas of Oral Region Treated by Rituximab Monotherapy: About Two Cases

Lymphomas represent the second most common malignant lesions of the head and neck. Among them, follicular lymphomas (FLs) are the second most frequent B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. However, their incidence is rare in the oral cavity. We describe here two cases of FL with initial intra-oral presentation. The first patient was 81 years old and presented a palatal hyperplasia, covering the posterior edge of her dental removable prosthesis. After surgical excision of the lesion, the pathological diagnosis was an extra-nodal low-grade follicular lymphoma. Medical imaging assessment found a widespread but non-bulky involvement. The second patient was 38 years old and referred for asymptomatic swelling of the lower vestibule evolving for 4 months. Surgical exploration revealed a cheek lymphadenopathy infiltrated by a grade 3 FL; this patient did not have any other localization. Both patients were treated by a rituximab monotherapy with excellent response after 2 years of follow-up. Most of the time, FL affecting the oral cavity presenting as unspecific swelling, can mimic other frequent and benign oral lesions. In the absence of biopsy, both diagnosis and proper onco-hematological management may be delayed. The introduction of monoclonal antibody rituximab represents a major advance in the management of FL: it can be used as monotherapy or may be combined with chemo-immunotherapy according to histological grading, initial staging (extent, tumor mass or bulk), age and co-morbidities. These two observations show the importance of an early diagnosis regarding a chronic lesion in the oral cavity. Painless lymphadenopathy, asymptomatic swelling, aspecific mucosal lesions, or subprosthetic lesions should draw attention of any oral specialist.
ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY

Formal assessment systems for agricultural sustainability are necessary for a scientific understanding of policy and planning for sustainable agricultural development. Analytical frameworks for environmental assessments and rural livelihoods assessments, backed by significant international initiatives, have been available for the past decade or so. Agricultural sustainability assessments can benefit greatly from an understanding of such frameworks. The state-of-the-art in environmental, rural livelihoods and agricultural sustainability assessments is evaluated and a framework for assessment of agricultural sustainability is proposed.
The Evaluation of Global Accuracy of Romanian Inflation Rate Predictions Using Mahalanobis Distance

The purpose of this study is to emphasize the advantages of Mahalanobis distance in assessing the overall accuracy of inflation predictions in Romania when two scenarios are proposed at different times by several experts in forecasting or forecasters using data from a survey (F1, F2, F3 and F4). Mahalanobis distance evaluates accuracy by including at the same time both scenarios and it solves the problem of contradictory results given by different accuracy measures and by separate assessments of different scenarios. The own econometric model was proposed to make inflation rate forecasts for Romania, using as explanatory variables for index of consumer prices the gross domestic product, index of prices in the previous period and the inverse of unemployment rate. According to Mahalanobis distance, in 2012 and 2013 F1 registered the highest forecasts accuracy distance. The average distance shows that F1 predicted the best the inflation rate for the entire period. F2 provided the less accurate prognoses during 2011-2013. According the traditional approach, based on accuracy indicators that were evaluated separately for the two scenarios, F1 forecasts provided the lowest mean absolute error and the lowest root mean square error for both versions of inflation predictions. All the forecasts of the inflation rate are superior as accuracy of naive predictions. However, according to U1 Theil’s coefficient and mean error, F3 outperformed all the other experts and also the forecasts based on own econometric model.
Machine Code Verification Using The Bogor Framework

MACHINE CODE VERIFICATION USING THE BOGOR FRAMEWORK Joseph R. Edelman Department of Computer Science Master of Science Verification and validation of embedded systems software is tedious and time consuming. Software model checking uses a tool-based approach automating this process. In order to more accurately model software it is necessary to provide hardware support that enables the execution of software as it should run on native hardware. Hardware support often requires the creation of model checking tools specific to the instruction set architecture. The creation of software model checking tools is nontrivial. We present a strategy for using an ”off-the-shelf” model checking tool, Bogor, to provide support for multiple instruction set architectures. Our strategy supports key hardware features such as instruction execution, exceptional control flow, and interrupt servicing as extensions to Bogor. These extensions work within the tool framework using existing interfaces and require significantly less code than creating an entire model checking tool.