Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Delta T Thermal Cycling Induced Stress Accelerates Equilibrium and Transformation in Super DSS

Based on the predicted phase diagram of super duplex stainless steel (DSS) calculated by Thermo-Calc, the maximum peak temperature 1100 °C was selected to ensure no σ phase existence. This target temperature fell into the two-phase solid solution (SS) region. A series of different thermal cycling tests were carried out with the notations of 2SS, 2SS + 3 cycles, 2SS + 7 cycles, 2SS + 13 cycles, and 2SS + 20 cycles. It was found that the trend of two-phase volume ratio variation by thermal cycling followed the predicted thermodynamic equilibrium trend. After 2SS + 7 cycles, the ratio of two-phase δ/γ tended toward the ideal 1:1. According to the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, the δ phase crystal orientation changed from the most frequent directions of <001> and <111> of the as-received sample to the most frequent orientation of <113> after two SS treatments. While the γ phase grain always remained at <101> orientation. The grain boundary misorientation angles of the γ grains were relatively stable, ranging from 53° to 63°, but those of the δ grains were widely distributed actively presuming the lattice rotation. The Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) value of the local strain in face center cubic (fcc) γ grains was varied and greater than that of the body center cubic (bcc) δ phase, indicating that the former, with a large grain boundary misorientation had larger local deformation than the latter, which possesses wide random misorientation angle distribution.
Identification of Key Carbon Emission Sectors and Analysis of Emission Effects in China

Analysis of sectors’ emission effects is crucial for identifying key emission sectors and reducing carbon. Current literature for calculating sectors’ emission effects in China ignore intermediate demand. This might introduce inaccuracy into the analyzed results. To solve this gap, this paper used an alternative input–output method to analyze sectors’ emission effects in China. Firstly, it identifies the key emission sectors and their emission effect characteristics from 2005 to 2017. Then, the reasons for the changes in these sectors’ emission effects are analyzed. Lastly, emission effects were further decomposed so that the driving relationships of emissions among these sectors can be sorted out. The results show that the overall key emission sectors were metal smelting and processing and nonmetal mineral products. The backward-emission-dominant sectors were construction, chemical products, other services (such as finance, health and education), metal products, and so on. The forward-emission-dominant sectors were production and supply of electricity and heat, transportation, storage, postal, and telecommunications services. In 2017, transportation, storage, postal, and telecommunications services’ own final demand emissions and forward emissions accounted for 41.7% and 58.3%, respectively, of this sector’s direct emissions. Moreover, from 2005 to 2017, the main sector emission paths affecting the growth of China’s emissions shifted from manufacturing and construction industries to service industries. Accordingly, strategies for emission reduction, such as substituting pollution inputs, were proposed and analyzed. The research provides an important reference for the Chinese government to adopt appropriate measures to reduce carbon.
Klasterisasi Mineral Batuan di Lapangan X berdasarkan Data Spektral menggunakan K-Means Clustering

Technology continues to be applied in the field of geology in various branches of science, one of which is the use of machine learning methods which are included in artificial intelligence technology. Machine learning methods able to identifying rock minerals. Rock mineral clustering is carried out to identify the distribution of the optimal number of mineral groups based on geological information held in rock drilling results data during the geological exploration stage in the Manjimup region, Western Australia. Identification of rock minerals through clustering is carried out using unsupervised machine learning with the K-Means clustering method. The data used in this research are data from the measurement of the electromagnetic spectrum in the form of Thermal Infrared (TIR) spectral data derived from rock drilling results. The spectral data used consisted of 341 parameters so that the input dimension was reduced to reduce computational complexity using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) into two-dimensional data so able to visualized more easily. Based on the evaluation results, the optimal number of rock mineral groups through the results of clustering using K-Means based on geological information is 3 groups of rock minerals
Bathymetric Inversion and Uncertainty Estimation from Synthetic Surf-Zone Imagery with Machine Learning

Resolving surf-zone bathymetry from high-resolution imagery typically involves measuring wave speeds and performing a physics-based inversion process using linear wave theory, or data assimilation techniques which combine multiple remotely sensed parameters with numerical models. In this work, we explored what types of coastal imagery can be best utilized in a 2-dimensional fully convolutional neural network to directly estimate nearshore bathymetry from optical expressions of wave kinematics. Specifically, we explored utilizing time-averaged images (timex) of the surf-zone, which can be used as a proxy for wave dissipation, as well as including a single-frame image input, which has visible patterns of wave refraction and instantaneous expressions of wave breaking. Our results show both types of imagery can be used to estimate nearshore bathymetry. However, the single-frame imagery provides more complete information across the domain, decreasing the error over the test set by approximately 10% relative to using timex imagery alone. A network incorporating both inputs had the best performance, with an overall root-mean-squared-error of 0.39 m. Activation maps demonstrate the additional information provided by the single-frame imagery in non-breaking wave areas which aid in prediction. Uncertainty in model predictions is explored through three techniques (Monte Carlo (MC) dropout, infer-transformation, and infer-noise) to provide additional actionable information about the spatial reliability of each bathymetric prediction.
Evaluatıon of the timing and indications of antenatal corticosteroid administration

Abstract Objective: To investigate the timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration for pregnant women who were anticipated for preterm birth. Material method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between September 2016 and September 2017 on cases treated with antenatal steroids and then performed birth in our hospital. The first 113 patients with 23-37 weeks of singleton or twin pregnancy, whose birth records could be accessed, were included in the study. Those who gave birth in another hospital, patients with incomplete records, and those carrying more than one of the indication types were excluded from the study. Results: The median interval between antenatal steroid administration and childbirth was 1.00 (0.02-97.00, IQR: 17.77) days. The interval from the first dose until birth was less than 2 days in 57.5% of cases (n=65), 2-7 days in 11.5% of cases (n=13), and more than 7 days in 31.0% of cases (n=35). Totally, this period was 7 days or below in 69.0% of cases (n=78). A significant correlation was found between spontaneous preterm labour as indication of steroid administration and appropriate timing (p=0.001, Odds Ratio:4.62, Confidence Interval: 1.90-11.19). Conclusion: The number of patients giving birth within optimal 2-7 days following the first dose of antenatal steroid administration, is very low. Attempts to improve timing are needed. Keywords:antenatal corticosteroid, preterm birth, indication, optimal timing, administration
Terahertz indoor channel optimization and wedge fading characteristics analysis based on multisignal sources

Indoor wireless communication systems are rapidly expanding, creating a growing demand for individual data rates. This paper explores the influence of the indoor source layout on the received signal for future ultrawideband indoor terahertz communication systems. The optimization of the number, distance, and arrangement of sources can improve the indoor signal coverage efficiency and reduce the fluctuation of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of each position indoors. The optimization results for the number, distance, and arrangement of sources demonstrate that optimal coverage can be achieved using nine sources with a distance factor of 0.15 in a rectangular arrangement located in the center of the room in an office environment of 15 × 12 × 2.5 m (L × W × H) in size. Increasing the number of sources has little effect on the uniformity of the indoor signal power distribution. Under the optimal coverage, the SNR fluctuation in an empty room can be reduced from 10.77 to 2.5 dB, which guarantees that users can obtain nearly the same communication quality regardless of their location. Moreover, the impact characteristics of two typical wedges fading, namely, fixed shadow objects and moving human bodies, under one or multiple sources are also analyzed. Multisource distribution is found to significantly improve the shadow attenuation effect of wedge fading when there are fixed objects or people walking indoors. In addition, the moving human body attenuation model is extended by combining a Markov process with a ray‐tracing simulation. The results show that the probability of the ideal state under a multisource distribution is significantly higher than that under a single‐source distribution, and it is less influenced by the number of people.
New records of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in La Comarca Lagunera, Durango, Mexico

Introduction : Many mosquitoes are of great medical and veterinary importance because they transmit numerous pathogens which cause diseases in animals and humans; thus, knowing their taxonomy and distribution is pivotal for implementing the correct control strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of mosquito species and their distribution in La Comarca Lagunera in the state of Durango, Mexico. Method : Adult mosquitoes were collected at different resting sites in four municipalities between August and November 2018 using Insectzookas. Aquatic habitats were also sampled for immature stages. Adult specimens were killed using lethal chambers with triethylamine vapors; while larvae and pupae were stored in individual tubes to obtain the adult stages and associated exuviae. All material was transported to the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Parasitology Department of the Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna (UAAAN-UL) for mounting and taxonomical identification. Species were identified using taxonomic keys for the region. Results : In total, 689 mosquito specimens (286 males and 403 females) were collected belonging to 15 species, among them Anopheles franciscanus McCracken, Culex erythrothorax Dyar, and Toxorhynchites moctezuma (Dyar and Knab) are new records for Durango State. The most abundant species was Cx. quinquefasciatus Say with 364 (56.2%) specimens, followed by Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (21.3%) and Ae. vexans (Meigen) (7.7%). Conclusion : 13 out of 15 species collected are associated with the transmission of an arbovirus of relevant medical or veterinary importance in Mexico. There are now 38 species recorded for Durango. The information in this study is directly relevant for the Health Ministry in Durango State for the control of vector borne diseases in the region.
Well‐posedness, positivity, and time asymptotics properties for a reaction–diffusion model of plankton communities, involving a rational nonlinearity with singularity

In this work, we consider a reaction–diffusion system, modeling the interaction between nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. Using a semigroup approach in L2 , we prove global existence, uniqueness, and positivity of the solutions. The nonlinearity is handled by providing estimates in L∞ , allowing to deal with most of the functional responses that describe predator/prey interactions (Holling I, II, III, Ivlev) in ecology. The paper finally exhibits some time asymptotic properties of the solutions.
Efectos ecológicos del fuego sobre la avifauna de un bosque en El Salvador

Con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos ecológicos causados por los incendios forestales sobre la avifauna del bosque seco caducifolio en el parque Walter Thilo Deininger, en El Salvador establecí cuatro puntos de conteo en cada zona de estudio basado en el tiempo desde el fuego (Z1 = cinco años, Z2 = dos años y Z3 = un año). La prueba t de Hutcheson determinó que las zonas recién afectadas mantuvieron una diversidad de aves significativamente más grande que la zona con mayor tiempo desde el fuego (Z1-Z2 t = 5.198, gl = 208, P < 0.01; Z1-Z3 t = 5.499, gl = 170, P < 0.01). Los números efectivos de especies reforzaron esta premisa. El índice de Sørensen cuantitativo demostró que la similitud entre pares de zonas fue de baja a moderada (Z1-Z2 31%; Z1-Z3 48%; Z2-Z3 52%), lo cual fue consistente con la alta diversidad que hallé, dado que pocas especies fueron compartidas entre zonas. Con el análisis de correspondencia encontré una asociación significativa entre los gremios tróficos estudiados y el estrato vegetal característico de cada zona (x2 = 143.0521, P < 0.01). Mis resultados aportan evidencia de que los incendios forestales han favorecido la diversidad avifaunística del parque y además que el uso de los gremios tróficos es útil en el estudio comparativo de comunidades de aves.
First report of squash leaf curl virus detected in Proboscidea louisianica in Mexico

Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) was detected in Proboscidea louisianica and identified based on the nucleotide sequence of the viral capsid protein genome. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the begomovirus was associated with viral symptoms of the host weed. This is the first report of SLCV detected in P. louisianica.
Flexible neural interfaces for brain implants—the pursuit of thinness and high density

Neural interfaces that directly measure brain activity are increasingly employed to elucidate large-scale brain networks and treat intractable neurological disorders. Considering the softness of brain tissue, current efforts to study chronic disorders aim to minimize invasiveness. We discuss recent progress on flexible neural interfaces with high durability under bending and stretching achieved by using organic materials. Multichannel microelectrodes are usually fabricated on thin polymer substrates as sheets and needles to reach superficial and deep brain structures, respectively. An interesting recent trend is the integration of high-density microelectrodes to measure detailed brain functions. The use of numerous measurement points (the current highest values achieved are 62 500 electrodes cm–2 and 3072 channels) can increase the accuracy of brain state estimation. However, further improvement should be devised for integration in plane considering the density of 250 000 neurons cm–2 in approximate intervals of 20 μm. Meanwhile, the ultimate goal of improving flexibility in neural interfaces is long-term implantation. Widely used approaches for thinning polymers (∼1 μm) and reducing the rigidity of neural interfaces compromise robustness due to high gas permeability and water uptake. We quantitatively analyze the technical proficiency of flexible neural interfaces in vivo regarding microelectrode integration and robustness. The solution contact impedance, which is a crucial factor in microelectrode miniaturization, is exhaustively surveyed and compared across PEDOT:PSS, Au, Pt, Pt black, IrOx, gels, and other components that should be designed within the permissible source impedance for the measurement device to ensure high-accuracy and low-noise measurements of brain activity in the order of microvolts. Furthermore, we detail a multifunctional neural interface with stretchability, optical transparency, easy intraoperative handling, and flexible transistor implementation for building an active electrode array, providing a new approach for flexible interfaces in neuroscience and neuroengineering.
SERIOUS GAME NA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE PARA ESCOLARES: UMA PESQUISA-AÇÃO DE EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR

Avaliar a percepcao de alimentacao saudavel por escolares entre 7 e 10 anos de idade a partir de um serious game de promocao da saude. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa-acao de abordagem qualitativa, tendo como referencial a percepcao de Merleau-Ponty, mediante grupos focais com 31 escolares e com 7 profissionais da area da educacao a respeito da compreensao sobre a alimentacao das criancas e interesses para com o jogo. Houve ainda entrevistas individuais com outros 37 escolares pos-teste do jogo. Os materiais resultantes foram analisados a partir do software Alceste e sob a luz da fenomenologia da percepcao de Merleau-Ponty. Identificou-se boa aceitacao da merenda escolar, com rejeicao de algumas preparacoes, em concomitância com o consumo de alimentos industrializados. Na construcao do jogo, foi sugerido um sistema de recompensas pelas escolhas saudaveis. A percepcao das criancas sobre alimentacao saudavel esteve relacionada ao consumo de alimentos in natura, sobretudo frutas, estabelecendo um elo entre o jogo e suas vivencias pessoais. A compreensao sobre alimentacao a partir do jogo revelou-se propulsora de dotar as criancas de saberes para que facam as suas escolhas alimentares. Palavras-chave: Promocao da saude. Educacao alimentar e nutricional. Crianca. Jogo.
Implementation of an Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Robot Driven by Pneumatic Muscle Actuators for Rehabilitation

Implementation of a prototype of a 4-degree of freedom (4-DOF) upper-limb exoskeleton robot for rehabilitation was described in this paper. The proposed exoskeleton robot has three DOFs at the shoulder joint and one DOF at the elbow joint. The upper-limb exoskeleton robot is driven by pneumatic muscle actuators (PMA) via steel cables. To implement the passive rehabilitation control, the rehabilitation trajectories expressed in the Fourier series were first planned by the curve fitting. The fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) was then applied to the upper-limb exoskeleton robot for rehabilitation control. Several rehabilitation scenarios were carried out to validate the designed PMA-actuated exoskeleton robot.
The barriers to effective access to justice encountered by litigants in person in private family matters post-LASPO

ABSTRACT In February 2019, some six years after the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) removed legal aid from a wide range of civil and family matters, the Government released its Post Implementation Review of the impact of LASPO and accompanying action plan. Publication is at a time when governmental policy extolling the virtues of mediation and online dispute resolution has the potential to have a profound effect on family law process. Against this background and having regard to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the family justice system, this paper discusses the findings of the author’s qualitative study on the experiences of litigants in person in civil and family courts. It suggests a typology of litigants in person, explains how and where litigants in person in child arrangements proceedings seek advice and the significant access to justice barriers arising from the compulsory requirement to attend a MIAM before commencing proceedings and attending the fact-finding stage without representation. Ultimately, the paper offers fresh evidence of the harsh realities of litigating without representation in the family court, which despite espousing an inquisitorial process, remains adversarial in character.
AquaPhotomics: Water Absorbance Pattern as a Biological Marker for Disease Diagnosis and Disease Understanding

duced to defi ne the application of spectrophotometry in the visible/near infrared region to the understanding of the infl uence of water on the structure and functioning of biological systems. Nowadays, medical and veterinary di- agnostics is supported by clinical chem- istry and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is adding a new dimension with very high potential to provide valuable information in this area. Recent work on mastitis diagnos- tics with NIR spectroscopy has shown that the spectra of biofl uids, such as raw milk, blood, urine and rumen juice, are very simi- lar. 2 This result is logical because all of these sample types are dominated by water and water strongly absorbs NIR light energy. Further study showed that the loadings and regression vectors developed for various constituents in these fl uids had a substan- tial number of common wavelengths of high importance to each respective model. The intriguing fi nding was that some of these common wavelengths were well-known water absorbance bands, no matter what was the measured substance. Further on, spectra of the biological fl u- ids referred to above were re-examined to determine how this new WAMACS con- cept could be used in the interpretation of biological phenomena. Water is a natural biological matrix containing only small mol- ecules and hydrogen bonding, and chang- es its absorbance pattern when adapting to physical or chemical change in biologi- cal systems. It was considered that water activating perturbations (WAPs) could be an effective way to increase the information for the solute extracted from the spectra, to obtain new knowledge related to func- tionality of water in biological systems and for diagnosis. Using WAPs, the spectral gradient at a number of wavelengths ob- tained under various perturbations allowed measurement of even subtle quantities or structural changes of other molecules in the system. 9
The work of creating a family life: foster carers and labour law

ABSTRACT Foster carers’ recent unionisation and their campaign to be recognised as workers in the UK, will provide the basis to interrogate the public/private divide in this paper. I will argue that the rejection of foster carers’ claims that they are workers by English and EU courts, as well as by the previous Conservative Government, have problematically relied on traditional conceptions of care work belonging in the private sphere. This highlights the pervasiveness of the public/private divide, which is still thought to separate the work of family life, from ‘proper’ work, performed by those with a job. This paper will draw on the ethic of care to show that all caring labour is work, and could be protected by labour law. Even if the breadth of labour law is unchanged, foster carers’ work clearly straddles both spheres, so they should be protected.
Polymer-Based Composites: An Indispensable Material for Present and Future Applications

Right from the early days, polymer materials have been discovered as being beneficial for various applications but a poor understanding of these materials greatly handicapped their usage. However, with a change in this trend, polymer materials have gradually displaced other materials in most applications. In recent times, due to improved research and knowledge, polymer-based materials are the first choice materials for several applications and are now replacing other materials rapidly. More advanced materials from polymers are being developed daily as a substitute for other materials even in areas where polymers are considered not to be suitable in the time past. More recently, polymers have replaced metals and ceramics in applications like constructions, aerospace, automobiles, and medical. It is no doubt that this trend will continue due to the inherent properties of polymers and sustainability potential. Today, most of the limitations of polymers are being taken care of in the formulation of composite materials. Besides, the adaptation to positive environmental influence is being handled by scientists and researchers. Hence, this review reveals core areas of application of polymer-based composites and the significance of these materials to the advancement of humanity.