Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian Statistics of Heat Transfer in Homogeneous Turbulence Driven by Boussinesq Convection

The movement of heat in a convecting system is typically described by the nondimensional Nusselt number, which involves an average over both space and time. In direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows, there is considerable variation in the contributions to the Nusselt number, both because of local spatial variations due to plumes and because of intermittency in time. We develop a statistical approach to more completely describe the structure of heat transfer, using an exit-distance extracted from Lagrangian tracer particles, which we call the Lagrangian heat structure. In a comparison between simulations of homogeneous turbulence driven by Boussinesq convection, the Lagrangian heat structure reveals significant non-Gaussian character, as well as a clear trend with Prandtl number and Rayleigh number. This has encouraging implications for simulations performed with the goal of understanding turbulent convection in natural settings such as Earth’s atmosphere and oceans, as well as planetary and stellar dynamos.
Rice False Smut: An Increasing Threat to Grain Yield and Quality

Rice false smut (RFS) is the most important grain disease in rice production worldwide. Its epidemics not only lead to yield loss but also reduce grain quality because of multiple mycotoxins generated by the causative pathogen, Villosiclava virens (anamorph: Ustilaginoidea virens ). The pathogen infects developing spikelets and specifically converts individual grain into a RFS ball that is established from mycelia covered with powdery chlamydospores, sometimes generating sclerotia. RFS balls seem to be randomly formed in some grains on a panicle of a plant in the paddy field. However, epidemics differ largely among varieties, fields, and seasons. This chapter introduces current understanding on the disease, mycotoxins, the biology of the pathogen, pathogenesis of RFS, rice resistance, the disease cycle, the disease control, and assay.
Effect of long-term vinasse application on physical properties of soil in sugarcane fields.

To study the effects of vinasse application on physico-chemical properties of soil,different treatments viz.,(i) spraying water @ 105.0 t/ha(CK),(ii) conventional fertilization + spraying water @ 105.0 t/ha(CF) and(iii) soil application of vinasse @ 75.0 t/ha + spraying water @ 30.0 t/ha,have been applied in two sugarcane fields in Fusui County,Guangxi,during 2005-2007 and 2006-2007,respectively.The results showed that,after 2-3 years of continuous vinasse application to sugarcane fields,the soil bulk density declined,while the total porosity and capillary porosity increased in the plow layer of soil.The soil water stable aggregate content enhanced,but the soil clay content decreased.The vinasse application in sugarcane field resulted in improved physical properties of soil and soil hardening was not detected in the field.
Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

Hybrid digital and analog beamforming is an emerging technique for high-data-rate communication at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Experimental evaluation of such techniques is challenging, time-consuming, and costly. This article presents a hardware-oriented modeling method for predicting the performance of an mm-wave hybrid beamforming transmitter. The proposed method considers the effect of active circuit nonlinearity as well as the coupling and mismatch in the antenna array. It also provides a comprehensive prediction of radiation patterns and far-field signal distortions. Furthermore, it predicts the antenna input active impedance, considering the effect of active circuit load-dependent characteristics. The method is experimentally verified by a 29-GHz beamforming subarray module comprising an analog beamforming integrated circuit (IC) and a 2 2 subarray microstrip patch antenna. The measurement results present good agreement with the predicted ones for a wide range of beam-steering angles. As a use case of the model, far-field nonlinear distortions for different antenna array configurations are studied. The demonstration shows that the variation of nonlinear distortion versus steering angle depends significantly on the array configuration and beam direction. Moreover, the results illustrate the importance of considering the joint operation of beamforming ICs, antenna array, and linearization in the design of mm-wave beamforming transmitters.
Effects of Ginseng on Fertility

Ginseng is a representative, traditional Eastern Asian herb used as a tonic for slowing down the aging process. It has become one of the most popular dietary supplements throughout the world. The major active ingredient of ginseng is the ginseng saponin, which is composed of various ginsenosides. Currently, approximately 30 ginsenosides have been identified. Few research studies have attempted to identify the exact effects exerted by each type and constituent of ginseng. Interestingly, the induction of apoptosis of cancer cell lines has been reported in several malignancies, and effects on dopamine release pathways in the brain have been shown. In addition to the traditional medicinal property of ginseng, which has been thought to be a tonic, a few studies have been conducted to identify whether it can improve fertility. However, whether ginseng affects fertility or not remains experimental since most of the studies have been performed in vitro. The aim of this present study was to review relevant studies on the effect of ginseng on male and female reproduction, especially infertility.
Interchange and Overlap Among Four Adjacent Arctic Caribou Herds

Barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) are distributed in herds that seasonally use specific geographic regions within an annual range, with varying levels of fidelity during different periods (e.g., calving, insect relief, wintering). As a result, caribou management is generally tailored to individual herds that often range across administrative boundaries. Herd ranges can shift over time, seasonal ranges of adjacent herds often overlap, herds merge, and there is often little genetic differentiation among adjacent herds. If substantial herd interchange occurs, it would have important management implications by influencing estimates of herd size, herd composition, and harvest rates. We compiled satellite telemetry data from 2003–2015 for 4 large arctic caribou herds to quantify herd interchange rates. We calculated a metric of herd interchange based on the relationship of caribou locations to typical weekly herd ranges (all yrs combined) and the distance to other radio‐collared caribou from each of the 4 herds (yr specific). Although herd membership cannot always be clearly defined based on location, this metric provides an objective measure of the strength of evidence of herd membership that can be used to make comparisons among herds and time periods. We also calculated herd overlap and quantified how it varied throughout the year. Herd interchange was rare in the 2 larger herds, generally occurring when caribou overwintered with an adjacent herd, whereas herd interchange from the 2 smaller herds was more frequent and could last longer than a year. Although sample sizes were limited, there were no clear patterns in herd interchange with year or annual herd size. The 2 smaller herds had large seasonal overlap with adjacent herds, suggesting that herd interchange may be related to spatiotemporal herd overlap and relative herd size. Our results can help managers understand herd interchange and overlap to make management decisions, interpret research results, and develop more accurate population models. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
A Symmetrically Stacked Planar Antenna Concept Exhibiting Quasi-Isotropic Radiation Coverage

This letter presents a symmetrically stacked planar antenna (SSPA) featuring switchable quasi-omnidirectional and omnidirectional radiation patterns to accomplish a quasi-isotropic radiation coverage. The proposed antenna consists of two identical planar patch antenna elements. By separately controlling the phase of the two excitation ports, the comprised antenna collectively emulates either an electric dipole mode or a magnetic dipole mode. Collectively, these two complementary dipoles enable a full spherical coverage with a simulated far-field gain variation lower than 6.8 dB. In actual usage scenarios, the proposed antenna can encapsulate various RF circuits and components between the two antennas due to the ground planes functioning as electromagnetic shielding structures. Studies confirm that quasi-isotropic characteristics are preserved for highly integrated user scenarios.
Predicting the chemical reactivity of organic materials using a machine-learning approach†

Stability and compatibility between chemical components are essential parameters that need to be considered in the selection of functional materials in configuring a system. In configuring devices such as batteries or solar cells, not only the functionality of individual constituting materials such as electrodes or electrolyte but also an appropriate combination of materials which do not undergo unwanted side reactions is critical in ensuring their reliable performance in long-term operation. While the universal theory that can predict the general chemical reactivity between materials is long awaited and has been the subject of studies with a rich history, traditional ways proposed to date have been mostly based on simple electronic properties of materials such as electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity and hardness/softness, and could be applied to only a small group of materials. Moreover, prediction has often been far from accurate and has failed to offer general implications; thus it was practically inadequate as a selection criterion from a large material database, i.e. data-driven material discovery. Herein, we propose a new model for predicting the general reactivity and chemical compatibility among a large number of organic materials, realized by a machine-learning approach. As a showcase, we demonstrate that our new implemented model successfully reproduces previous experimental results reported on side-reactions occurring in lithium–oxygen electrochemical cells. Furthermore, the mapping of chemical stability among more than 90 available electrolyte solvents and the representative redox mediators is realized by this approach, presenting an important guideline in the development of stable electrolyte/redox mediator couples for lithium–oxygen batteries.
Factors influencing corporate social responsibility disclosures in Nepalese banks

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between selected firm-specific variables and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures made by Nepalese banks.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis approach of the banks' annual reports is applied using a CSR disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines. The factors identified in this study – bank size, bank age and bank profitability – are analyzed against the extent of CSR disclosures in the Nepalese banks using multiple regression.FindingsThe main finding from the content analysis indicates that the extent of CSR disclosures made by Nepalese banks in their annual reports is mostly descriptive, with charity and donation being the most disclosed items. The main findings from the correlation and regression analyses show that there are positive and significant relationships between both bank size and profitability and the extent of CSR disclosures in the Nepalese banks, while bank age is a partial determinant.Originality/valueBanks have a significant role in the Nepalese economy. This study offers insights into the CSR disclosure practices of Nepalese banks, examines the potential factors affecting CSR disclosure and expands the pool of CSR knowledge in the developing country context, especially in the banking sector.
Research on the Optimization Management of Cloud Privacy Strategy Based on Evolution Game

Cloud computing services have great convenience, but privacy security is a big obstacle of popularity. In the process result of privacy protection of cloud computing, it is difficult to choose the optimal strategy. In order to solve this problem, we propose a quantitative weight model of privacy information, use evolutionary game theory to establish a game model of attack protection, design the optimal protection strategy selection algorithm, and make the evolutionary stable equilibrium solution method from the limited rational constraint. In order to study the strategic dependence of the same game group, the classical dynamic replication equation is improved by using the incentive coefficient, an improved evolutionary game model of attack protection is constructed, the stability of equilibrium point is further analyzed by Jacobian matrix method, and the optimal selection strategy is obtained under different conditions. Finally, the correctness and validity of the model are verified by experiments, different strategies of the same group have the dual effects of promotion and inhibition, and the advantages of this paper are shown by comparing with other articles.
Risk disclosure in listed Greek companies: the effects of the financial crisis

The purpose of this study is to investigate risk disclosure in listed Greek companies. The effects of the financial crisis were also considered. ,This study aimed to determine the risk-reporting practices of Greek’s non-financial companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange through a content analysis of their annual reports. ,Risk identification and anticipation protect businesses and create shareholder value. In recent years, particularly since the economic crisis, risk has become one of the most important business issues. This study concluded that during the crisis, there was an increase in disclosure. Financial, personnel and legal risks were the most reported types of risk. This study also found liquidity to be a very important issue. ,Content analysis has limitations because subjectivity cannot be eliminated. This study measured only the quantity, not the quality, of risk disclosure. The quality of risk reporting will be examined in future research. ,This is the first study on risk disclosure in the non-financial companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange to conduct a content analysis of the corporate annual reports.
Structural condition monitoring and identification of laser cladding metallic panels based on an acoustic emission signal feature optimization algorithm

Laser cladding technology has become a central issue in industrial research and application recently. Due to the complexity of the processing and the difficulty of quantitative analysis, it is particularly important to effectively and reliably detect the forming quality of the cladding layer. Therefore, the laser cladding processing condition of metallic panels is monitored and identified based on acoustic emission technology in this article. Consequently, laser cladding acoustic emission signal of 316L stainless steel plate is first collected, and a multi-domain acoustic emission signal feature extraction method based on time–frequency domain and waveform parameters is constructed by integrating time–frequency, empirical, and inter-relationship diagraph analysis. Moreover, a feature optimization approach based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding algorithm is proposed, which combines with correlation analysis to realize the de-redundancy and optimization of acoustic emission signal features. In addition, on the basis of optimizing the characteristics of acoustic emission signal, laser cladding acoustic emission signals under three technological parameters are collected. Second, a laser cladding condition identification method, which is a least square support vector machine algorithm based on niche particle swarm optimization, is proposed. The optimal parameter combination of niche particle swarm optimization algorithm is mainly selected to improve the accuracy of identification and classification. The results demonstrate the proposed t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding feature optimization method can effectively extract the sensitive information related to the processing condition in the feature space, and the optimization of least square support vector machine parameters through niche particle swarm optimization can significantly improve the identification rate of classification. Specifically, the feasibility of the proposed t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding–niche particle swarm optimization–least square support vector machine model to analyze laser cladding acoustic emission signal characteristics is verified, and the effectiveness of acoustic emission–based structural condition monitoring and identification of laser cladding plate-like structures is also demonstrated.
Utilization of non-viable cells compared to viable cells of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia for copper (Cu(ii)) removal from aqueous solutions.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important bacterium in heavy metal bioremediation. Their application is however limited by the increasing reports of their pathogenic potential and resistance to common antibiotics. Therefore, non-viable cells present an interesting alternative as biosorbents. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of S. maltophilia in non-viable cell forms to remove copper (Cu(II)) from aqueous solutions. The total amount of Cu(II) removed by viable cells and adsorped by non-viable cells were compared and analyzed using equilibrium and kinetic models. Results showed that non-viable cells of S. maltophilia have higher efficacy in removing Cu(II) via surface sorption with 23.900 mg g Cu(II) adsorped compared to only -1 10.515 mg g dry biomass of Cu(II) removed by the viable cells. The adsorption mechanisms complied with -1 the Langmuir equilibrium model (R value of 0.9957) and the pseudo second order kinetic model (R value 2 2 of 1.000). Thus the adsorption was attributed to the functional groups on the cell wall via the monolayer adsorption capacity. Our study showed that non-viable cells of S. maltophilia can be applied and used more effectively than viable cell forms to remove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions.
Labordiagnostik bei Diabetes mellitus

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Unter dem Begriff Diabetes mellitus versteckt sich eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen, deren Leitsymptome der erhöhte Blutzucker und die Glukosurie sind. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Pathophysiologie z. B. des Typ-1- oder Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus ist die exakte Kenntnis der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung essenziell für eine korrekte und zielführende Therapie. Aktuelle Leitlinien beschreiben z. T. komplexe Pfade der Diagnosestellung des Diabetes mellitus, in der Differenzialdiagnostik jedoch ist im klinischen oder Praxisalltag eine rasche definitive Diagnosestellung zur Therapieeinleitung wünschenswert. Wir stellen die diagnostischen Leitparameter zur Unterscheidung der einzelnen Krankheitsentitäten und deren Bedeutung in einer übersichtlichen Zusammenfassung dar, um eine Hilfestellung im täglichen Alltag auf dem Weg zur sicheren Diagnose zu geben.
Contribution of methanogenesis to denitrification with an upflow filter

A laboratory-scale upflow filter was fed with syn thetic wastewater containing nitrate and methanol to examine the contribution of methanogenesis to denitrification. Complete (99.8%) nitrate removal occurred at a methanol:N03-N (M:N) ratio ^2.30 and at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) longer than 1.5 hours. The surplus methanol after the denitrification was con verted to methane with low effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) at M:N s> 2.65. Effluent nitrate level depended on HRT; effluent COD depended on influent methanol. Material balance revealed that 75% of methanol involved in denitrification was oxidized by nitrate or nitrite and the methane conversion fraction from methanol was 56%. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. , 61, 1604(1989).
Mapping the Sharing Economy in China

Harnessing the rapid development of mobile internet technology, the sharing economy has experienced unprecedented growth in the global economy, especially in China. Likely due to its increasing popularity, more and more businesses have adopted this label in China. There is a concern as to the essential meaning of the sharing economy. As it is difficult to have a universally accepted definition, we aim to map the sharing economy and demystify the use of it in China in this paper. We propose seven organizing essential elements of the sharing economy: access use rights instead of ownership, idle capacity, short term, peer-to-peer, Internet platforms mediated, for monetary profit, and shared value orientation. By satisfying all or only parts of these elements, we propose one typology of sharing economy, and to differentiate bona fide sharing economy from quasi- and pseudo-sharing economy. Finally, there are still many problems that need to be solved urgently in the real sharing economy from the perspective of the government, companies and individuals.
Window to the Fluorescence: The White Eye-Color Gene of Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera

Eye-color mutations have proven useful in multiple insect species to help facilitate the development and use of transgenic tools for functional genomics. While there is species-specific variation in the pigments used to color insect eyes, every species studied thus far requires an ortholog of the ABC transporter gene white for proper pigmentation of the eyes. Previously, we generated transgenic western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and found that their wild-type eye color obscured our ability to visualize a fluorescent marker driven by the widely used 3xP3 eye-specific promoter. Therefore, we sought to identify the D. v. virgifera ortholog of white (Dvvw). Here we report the discovery, cloning, and analysis of Dvvw cDNA and promoter. We also utilize RNA interference to knock down Dvvw mRNA in a transgenic strain, thereby demonstrating the utility of eye-color mutations when developing transgenic technologies.
External hyphae of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Trifolium subterraneum L.

SUMMARY Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Nuba) was grown alone or in symbiosis with Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith in containers divided by a fine nylon mesh into a root compartment (RC) and a root-free hyphal compartment (HC). Extraradical hyphae spread into the HC where 32P and 15NH4+ were applied at 2 or 5 cm distance from the RC, when the plants were 42 d old. The time-course of hyphal transport of the tracers was followed by measuring the content of 32P and 18N in leaflets sampled at various times during a 30 d labelling period. Plants colonized by G. intraradices had accumulated more of the applied tracers than the non-mycorrhizal controls at the end of the experiment and hyphal transport of both P and N could be demonstrated. The levels of 32P in the leaflets of mycorrhizal plants already exceeded those of non-mycorrhizal plants after 3 and 4-5 d with the tracers applied at 2 and 5 cm distance from the RC, respectively. Leaflets of non-mycorrhizal controls contained only traces of 32P, but considerable amounts of 15N, and mycorrhizas increased the concentration of 15N-labelled N in leaflets only with tracers applied at 5 cm distance from the RC. The total recovery of applied 15N was 70 % higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants when tracers were applied at 2 cm distance from the RC. When the distance from the RC and the tracers was increased to 5 cm, the total recovery of applied loN was 175% higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The content of 32P and 15N in the external hyphae at the various distances from the RC confirmed that hyphal transport of P and N was directed towards the host plant.