Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Argatroban enhances fibrinolysis by differential inhibition of thrombin-mediated activation of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and factor XIII

Direct thrombin inhibitors enhance fibrinolysis more efficiently than heparin. Direct thrombin inhibitors and heparin enhance fibrinolysis by inhibition of activation of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI); however, the role played by other thrombin-activated proteins [e.g., factor XIII (FXIII)] in fibrinolysis remained to be elucidated. Our goal was thus to define the roles of TAFI and FXIII in direct thrombin inhibitor-mediated fibrinolysis enhancement. Plasma was exposed to argatroban or heparin, with coagulation initiated with kaolin/tissue factor and fibrinolysis initiated with tissue plasminogen activator. Additional experiments utilized TAFI and FXIII-deficient plasmas. Coagulation/fibrinolysis kinetics were monitored with thrombelastography. Argatroban (1.25, 2.5 μg/ml) significantly decreased clot lysis time and increased the maximum rate of lysis compared with unexposed plasma, whereas heparin exposure only diminished clot lysis time. When changes in maximum rate of lysis were related to changes in the maximum rate of thrombus generation, argatroban was associated with a greater increase in maximum rate of lysis per decrease in maximum rate of thrombus generation compared with heparin. Experiments with TAFI-deficient and FXIII-deficient plasma demonstrated a sparing of thrombin-mediated FXIII activation with concurrent inhibition of TAFI activation. The mechanism by which argatroban more efficiently enhanced fibrinolysis was via a differential inhibition of thrombin-mediated activation of TAFI and FXIII.
Mental Retardation in Pediatric Candidates for Epilepsy Surgery: The Role of Early Seizure Onset

Summary: Purpose: We sought to determine whether early age at seizure onset is a risk factor for mental retardation, independent of etiology. Assessment of risk for mental retardation with continued uncontrolled seizures plays a role in considerations of timing for epilepsy surgery. Previous studies have indicated that onset of seizures in the first years of life may be a risk factor for mental retardation, but the etiologies of the epilepsies were not included in the analyses.
Management der lumbalen Spinalkanalstenose

Zusammenfassung Die lumbale Spinalkanalstenose ist eine häufige Wirbelsäulenerkrankung des höheren Alters. Meist wird sie mit belastungsabhängigen Schmerzen in den Beinen symptomatisch. Die Diagnose beruht hauptsächlich auf der Anamnese und den klinischen Beschwerden; mittels Bildgebung wird sie dann verifiziert. In leichten bis mittelschweren Fällen sollte die konservative Behandlung bevorzugt werden. Bei Versagen der konservativen Behandlung und in schweren Fällen ist die Zuweisung an einen Wirbelsäulenchirur-gen zur Beurteilung der Operationsindikation angebracht.
CDC Childhood Injury Report: Patterns of Unintentional Injuries Among 0- to 19-Year Olds in the United States, 2000-2006.

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the United States. This report uses data from the National Vital Statistics System and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program to provide an overview of unintentional injuries related to drowning, falls, fires or burns, transportation-related injuries, poisoning, and suffocation, among others during the period 2000 - 2006. Results are presented by age group and sex, as well as the geographic distribution of injury death rates by state.
Quantization of 2+1 gravity for genus 2.

In [1,2] we established and discussed the algebra of observables for $2+1$ gravity at both the classical and quantum level, and gave a systematic discussion of the reduction of the expected number of independent observables to $6g - 6 (g > 1)$. In this paper the algebra of observables for the case $g=2$ is reduced to a very simple form. A Hilbert space of state vectors is defined and its representations are discussed using a deformation of the Euler-Gamma function. The deformation parameter $\th$ depends on the cosmological and Planck's constants.
New shape-based texture descriptors for rotation invariant texture classification

In this paper, we present a new rotation-invariant texture description scheme based on an explicit transform of texture features to shapes. Texture features are obtained in a short computational time by applying the partial form of Gabor functions. These features are then transformed to 2-D closed shapes, and their moment invariants and global shape descriptors are derived to classify the rotated textures. Experiments using various texture samples showed high rates of correct classifications.
Marital status and mortality: The role of health

Prior literature has shown that married men live longer than unmarried men. Possible explanations are that marriage protects its incumbents or that healthier men select themselves into marriage. Protective effects, however, introduce the possibility of adverse selection: Those in poor health have an incentive to marry. In this paper we explore the role of health in explaining mortality and marriage patterns, and distinguish protective effects from two types of selection effects. We find adverse selection on the basis of health (unhealthy men tend to (re)marry sooner) and positive selection on the basis of unmeasured factors that both promote good health and encourage marriage.
Organizational Maintenance and the Retention Decision in Groups

Understanding why members leave or remain in groups has received little attention despite its fundamental importance for organizational maintenance. In this analysis, a theory of experiential search is proposed and applied to Common Cause. Group participation is conceptualized as a process by which imperfectly informed decision makers learn about the organizations they join. This framework makes quitting understandable and provides a link between the initial membership choice and follow-up decisions.
Glycosylation and secretion of human tissue plasminogen activator in recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells

Cell lines established from the lepidopteran insect Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; Sf9) are used routinely as hosts for the expression of foreign proteins by recombinant baculovirus vectors. We have examined the pathway of protein glycosylation and secretion in these cells, using human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) as a model. t-PA expressed in Sf9 cells was both N glycosylated and secreted. At least a subset of the N-linked oligosaccharides in extracellular t-PA was resistant to endo-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase H, which removes immature, high-mannose-type oligosaccharides. This refutes the general conclusion from previous studies that Sf9 cells cannot process immature N-linked oligosaccharides to an endo-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase H-resistant form. A nonglycosylated t-PA precursor was not detected in Sf9 cells, even with very short pulse-labeling times. This suggests that the mammalian signal sequence of t-PA is efficiently recognized in Sf9 cells and that it can mediate rapid translocation across the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where cotranslational N glycosylation takes place. However, t-PA was secreted rather slowly, with a half-time of about 1.6 h. Thus, a rate-limiting step(s) in secretion occurs subsequent to translocation and N glycosylation of the t-PA polypeptide. Treatment of Sf9 cells with tunicamycin, but not with inhibitors of oligosaccharide processing, prevented the appearance of t-PA in the extracellular medium. This suggests that N glycosylation per se, but not processing of the N-linked oligosaccharides, is required directly or indirectly in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells for the secretion of t-PA. Finally, the relative efficiency of secretion decreased dramatically with time of infection, suggesting that the Sf9 host cell secretory pathway is compromised during the later stages of baculovirus infection.
Hydraulic tomography in fractured granite: Mizunami Underground Research site, Japan

Two large‐scale cross‐hole pumping tests were conducted at depths of 191–226 m and 662–706 m in deep boreholes at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) construction site in central Japan. During these two tests, induced groundwater responses were monitored at many observation intervals at various depths in different boreholes at the site. We analyze the two cross‐hole pumping tests using transient hydraulic tomography (THT) based on an efficient sequential successive linear estimator to compute the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) tomograms, as well as their uncertainties in three dimensions. The equivalent K and Ss estimates obtained using asymptotic analysis treating the medium to be homogeneous served as the mean parameter estimates for the 3‐D stochastic inverse modeling effort. Results show several, distinct, high K and low Ss zones that are continuous over hundreds of meters, which appear to delineate fault zones and their connectivity. The THT analysis of the tests also identified a low K zone which corresponds with a known fault zone trending NNW and has been found to compartmentalize groundwater flow at the site. These results corroborate well with observed water level records, available fault information, and coseismic groundwater level responses during several large earthquakes. The successful application of THT to cross‐hole pumping tests conducted in fractured granite at this site suggests that THT is a promising approach to delineate large‐scale K and Ss heterogeneities, fracture connectivity, and to quantify uncertainty of the estimated fields.
Embolic protection device use and its association with procedural safety and long‐term outcomes following saphenous vein graft intervention: An analysis from the British Columbia Cardiac registry

Embolic protection devices (EPDs) have been designed and introduced to reduce distal embolization and peri‐procedural myocardial infarction during saphenous vein graft (SVG) intervention. Current guidelines give a class I recommendation to EPD use during SVG intervention when technically feasible. However, the routine use of these devices has recently been debated.
Changes of lipid and fatty acid absorption induced by high dose of citric acid ester and lecithin emulsifiers

Abstract Aims: To describe the effect of two food emulsifiers, lecithin (E322) and citric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids (E472c), on the intestinal absorption of lipids. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats randomly assigned in three groups. For two groups of six rats, 30% of the lipid intake was replaced with lecithin (L) or citric acid ester of mono and diglycerides, (E); the remaining 12 rats were the control group (C). Diet and fecal fat analysis was used to determine the apparent lipid absorption (ALA) and fatty acids. Results: ALA was significantly lower in the group E than in the groups C and L (p < 0.001). ALA of long saturated chain fatty acids decreased while the length of the carbon chains increased, and this decrease was higher in the group E. Conclusion: E472c emulsifier decreased the intestinal absorption of lipids.
Reovirus serotype 1 intestinal infection: a novel replicative cycle with ileal disease

After oral inoculation, reovirus serotype 1 strain Lang was shown to specifically infect the epithelial cells of the ileum, while sparing the epithelial cells in the duodenum, jejunum, and colon. The initial site of replication was localized in cells of the crypts of Lieberkühn adjacent to Peyer's patches. Virus was subsequently found by immunoperoxidase staining in cells migrating up the crypt-villus complex throughout the ileum. The severity of the pathological changes in the ileum was proportional to the concentration of the viral inoculum. This site-specific infection of the ileum by reovirus may provide a model for diseases that are restricted to specific sites in the intestine.
The effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with epirubicin on drug-resistant cancer cells

Objective (s): In chemotherapy for cancer treatment, the cell resistance to multiple anticancer drugs is the major clinical problem. In the present study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used as a carrier for epirubicin (EPI) in order to improve the cytotoxic efficacy of this drug against the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressing cell line. Materials and Methods: MSNs with phosphonate groups were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of the prepared nanoparticles on drug-sensitive human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and drug-resistant cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR) was evaluated. Results: The hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles was 98 nm and surface charge was negative. The viability of sensitive MCF-7 and resistant MCF-7/ADR cells after incubation with MSNs containing EPI at concentration of 5 μg/ml was about 75% and 44%. On the other hand, the viability of sensitive and resistant cells after incubation with free EPI at this concentration was about 48% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: These nanoparticles exhibited suitable drug efficiencies against drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells in vitro experiments.
An Indexing Vocabulary for Case-Based Explanation

The success of case-based reasoning depends on effective retrieval of relevant prior cases. If retrieval is expensive, or if the cases retrieved are inappropriate, retrieval and adaptation costs will nullify many of the advantages of reasoning from prior experience. We propose an indexing vocabulary to facilitate retrieval of explanations in a casebased explanation system. The explanations we consider are explanations of anomalies (conflicts between new situations and prior expectations or beliefs). Our vocabulary groups anomalies according to the type of information used to generate the expectations or beliefs that failed, and according to how the expectations failed. We argue that by using this vocabulary to characterize anomalies, and retrieving explanations that were built to account for similarly-characterized past anomalies, a case-based explanation system can restrict retrieval to explanations likely to be relevant. In addition, the vocabulary can be used to organize general explanation strategies that suggest paths for explanation in novel situations.
The Influence of SA8000 Standard on the Export Trade of China

Following ISO9000 and ISO14000, SA8000 standard is now attracting international attention and it exerts influence on the export trade of China, particularly on the export trade of labor-intensive products. Because Chinese enterprises lack understanding of this standard and the importance attached to this standard in the government’s macro-administration is not sufficient, at this stage, only a small number of Chinese enterprises have passed the certification of SA8000. But in order to gain a trade environment of fair competition and at the same time to raise the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, the government of China and Chinese enterprises shall treat this standard with active attitude and consider it to be the impetus to help enterprises to regulate their management, to improve their management levels and to become favorable enterprises.
Health and vision related quality of life among patients with choroidal neovascular age related macular degeneration

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da degeneracao macular relacionada a idade (DMRI) na qualidade de vida relacionada com a visao (QVRV) numa amostra de pacientes portugueses. Metodos: Estudo observacional em corte transversal, nao comparativo no qual foram incluidos 68 pacientes seguidos no departamento de Retina Medica do Servico de Oftalmologia do Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, entre janeiro e abril de 2011. A QVRV foi avaliada por meio do questionario National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), traduzido para o portugues. Os scores obtidos foram analisados e correlacionados com os seguintes parâmetros idade, sexo, lateralidade da doenca, tempo de follow-up, acuidade visual (AV) e EFC iniciais e finais do melhor (MO) e pior olho (PO). Resultados: A AV do PO apresentou valor preditivo nos scores global, atividade para longe, visao cromatica, visao periferica, desempenho, funcao social e saude mental (p<0,05). Num modelo de multivariaveis com inclusao de todos os parâmetros clinicos analisados, as variaveis estudadas explicaram 60% da variância do score global (SG) com um valor preditivo de 0,08 (R2 0,57, p=0,088). Conclusoes: A DMRI NV esta associada a uma diminuicao da QVRV. A AV do PO tem valor preditivo nos scores do NEI-VFQ-25.
Subclinical Brain Injury Caused by H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Although H5N1 influenza A viruses can cause systemic infection, their neurotropism and long-term effects on the central nervous system (CNS) are not fully understood. We assessed H5N1viral invasion of the CNS and its long-term effects in a ferret model. An H5N1 virus caused nonsuppurative encephalitis, which lasted for 3 months without neurologic signs. Further, another H5N1 virus caused nonsuppurative vasculitis with brain hemorrhage. Three-dimensional analysis of viral distribution in the brain identified the olfactory system as a major route for brain invasion. The efficient growth of virus in the upper respiratory tract may thus facilitate viral brain invasion.
Design of multiple classifier systems based on SFLS

A novel multiple classifiers fusion approach based on SFLS (Shortest Feature Line Segment) is proposed in this paper. SFLS is a kind of simple yet effective classification method depending on the shortest feature line. The original form of SFLS's output is just class label. To use SFLS as the member classifier in the multiple classifier system, the form of SFLS's output is modeled using the membership function. According to the experimental results, one can conclude that the proposed multiple classifier system can effectively improve classification accuracy.
[Evaluation of co-cultured CL-1 hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in rotatory cell culture system].

OBJECTIVE To explore whether the function of the CL-1 hepatocytes, co-cultured with human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) on microcarriers was better than that cultured without HSC. METHODS CL-1 hepatocytes were divided into 2 groups. The co-culture group was cultured with HSC in DMEM culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and HSC were not added in single-culture group. The cytomorphology was observed by inverted microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of different culture method on the proliferation in vitro were analyzed by MTT assay. The function of hepatocytes was evaluated through measuring the concentration of ALT and albumin. RESULTS The inverted microscope and the MTT staining results showed that the quantity and viability of the human hepatocyte (C3A) in bidirectional bioreactor group were much better than the RCMW group. The growth curve results showed that the density of the human hepatocyte (C3A) was firstly increased and then decreased in both groups, and the peak of the curve appeared in day 5. The density of human liver cells in the second generation of bi-directional rotation and perfusion microgravity bioreactor group was significantly higher than the RCMW group from day1 to day 7 (P<0.05). The functional results showed that the albumin and urea concentration, which reached the peak on day 5, also gone up firstly and then gradually gone down in both teams. And the albumin and urea concentration in bidirectional bioreactor group was significantly higher than RCMW group from day 1 to day7 (P<0.01). Besides, the concentration of ALT and AST in bidirectional bioreactor group was significantly lower than RCMW group from day 1 to day 7 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that this new culture method is advantageous in enhancing cell viability and function. It indicates that co-culturing hepatocytes with HSC has a good application prospect in the development of artificial liver technology.
Residual energy-based replica detection scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are susceptible to various kinds of security threat. Node replication attack is one of them. In this attack, an adversary captures a node and deploys a number of replicas in the network to launch further attacks. Detection of replica is a challenging task especially when the nodes are mobile. Only a few techniques are reported in the literature for detecting replicas in mobile wireless sensor networks. They are mostly centralized detection mechanisms, where the base station plays a major role in clone detection. In this paper, we propose a distributed replica detection mechanism called energy-based replica detection. Every node in the network acts as a monitoring node to a set of nodes in the network. Replicas are detected on the basis of the residual energy of nodes. A conflict in the timestamp-residual energy pair of a node is detected as clone by its monitoring node. We have simulated and compared the proposed scheme with Efficient Distributed Detection and Multi-Time-Location Storage and Diffusion scheme. We observed that the proposed scheme has higher detection probability, and lower communication and storage overhead. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glucagon-Sensitive Adenyl Cylase in Plasma Membrane of Hepatic Parenchymal Cells

The plasma membrane of hepatic parenchymal cells contains an adenyl cyclase system that is stimulated by glucagon. Adrenocorticotropin and epinephrine do not stimulate this adenyl cyclase, and very little cyclic phospho-diesterase activity is present in the membrane. These findings support the concept that glucagon exerts its regulatory action in the liver by stimulating adenyl cyclase activity in the plasma membrane.
The Impact of Eelctronic Commerce on Business Level Strategies

This paper examines the impact of electronic commerce on business-level strategies. The paper examines electronic commerce (E.C) from the perspective of intra-business E.C. , business-to-business E.C. , business-toconsumer E.C. , and value/supply chain management. Business-level strategies are considered to include: addedvalue, differentiation, cost leadership, focus, and growth source. The paper concludes that E-commerce will have significant impacts on each of the business-level strategic areas.