Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Structure of Six Korean Tea Populations as Revealed by RAPD‐PCR Markers

Numerous Korean tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] populations abandoned for more than nine centuries represent important genetic resources for future breeding of new tea types and tastes. This study was conducted to evaluate on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) markers the degree and organization of genetic diversity within and between six Korea populations and to formulate conservation strategies for tea populations in Korea. Of the 50 RAPI) primers screened, 12 primers generated 25 reproducible and polymorphic bands. The genetic diversity within populations calculated from the Nei's index averaged 0.33 and was relatively lower than that found in other natural plant populations. This could be explained by the narrow genetic base of the tea samples introduced from Mainland China and considerable reduction in population size following mass destruction of tea populations in the fourteenth century. No geographical trends were observed among the tea populations following classification by unweighted pair group method and arithmetic average (UPGMA) and Nei distances and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) carried out on individual samples. Even though highly significant differences were found among populations upon an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), a markedly higher proportion of diversity was observed within populations (84%) as compared with between populations (16%). The fact that most diversity is within populations reflects the highly outcrossing nature of tea species. In the light of these results, it is proposed that conservation efforts target whole diverse populations rather than selected individuals from different populations. Due consideration should nevertheless be given to populations comprising private or rare alleles.
Life history of the frog Crinia signifera in Tasmania, Australia

A pitfall-trap study was used to investigate the importance of body size, age, body condition (males only), season and growth history as determinates of male and female life-history fitness traits in a population of the frog Crinia signifera. Specimens were dissected to determine physiological characteristics and skeletochronology was used to determine age. Females lived longer and attained a larger size than males by delaying sexual maturity. Most females and males attained sexual maturity after three and two years, respectively; although eggs were found in females as young as one year old. Body size (but not age) was the primary determinant of fecundity, total reproductive output (clutch mass) and oviduct mass for females. Season was the predominant influence on egg size, with smaller eggs produced in summer than in other seasons. Direct investment in male gonads (testes size) was determined by body size and also by age. This, and the fact that sexual size dimorphism in amphibians is commonly female biased, suggests that male size is not necessarily the primary determinant of male reproductive success in C. signifera. Whereas selection on reproductive traits in females is likely to act predominantly on body size, selection in males is also likely to act on survival.
ASSESSMENT OF MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF Al-3%Mg/SiCp COMPOSITE

The research was aimed at developing silicon carbide (SiCp) reinforced aluminium-magnesium (Al-Mg) matrix composite with better mechanical and microstructural properties than the conventional marine grade Al-Mg alloy presently used as structures in marine and coastal areas. Stir-casting process was used in developing the test mate-rials with Al-3%Mg alloy having 0% SiCp used as control sample and compared with the performance of the samples containing 5% SiCp, 10% SiCp, 15% SiCp, 20% SiCp and 25% SiCp reinforcements respectively. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses of the materials have shown that the materials contain about 2-3% of Mg and also the reinforcement was found to be well distributed in the matrix without any serious flaws or cracks observed. Highest hardness value of 75.4 HRB was obtained on the sam-ple containing 10% SiCp compared to the control sample with 53.8 HRB. Highest tensile strength of 108 N/mm2 was recorded on sample with 15% SiCp as compared to the control sample with 93.2 N/mm and highest impact en-ergy of 18.98 J was also obtained on the sample with 15% SiCp compared to the value of 9.97J as observed on the control sample. The composite materials developed are found to be of better mechanical properties than the marine grade matrix alloy under test condition.
Homage to Huxley: On the Conceptual Origin of Minimum Size Ratios Among Competing Species

A central area of debate in evolutionary ecology is the extent o which coexistence among related species is attributable to differences in morphology that purportedly reflect differences intheir food niches. The validity of a minimum size difference, the "Hutchinsonian ratio," has been a major topic of interest (review. in Simberloff 1983). In 1944, Lack suggested that bill size differences (causing diet differences) between closely related bird species allowed their coexistence, and he later explained the evolution of bill size differences among Darwin's finches by the same mechanism (Lack 1947). An appreciation of the ecological importance of size differences quickly broadened, and by 1949 the standard ecology text in a section entitled "Competition and Selection" stated, "A number of cases are reported in which two related species occupy the same area and habitat, but differ in size and presumably in their types of food. These include passerine birds, woodpeckers, ducks, grebes, terns, gulls, shrews, and weasels. " (Allee et al. 1949, p. 660.) Brown and Wilson (1956) formalized the concept of competitive character displacement, and in 1959 Hutchinson published his seminal paper, "Homage to Santa Rosalia. " Widely cited as originating the concept of minimum size ratios among competing species, Hutchinson's essay gave rise to a diverse number of studies attempting todemonstrate or refute this concept. Although Hutchinson is certainly to be credited (and given its controversial nature, some might say blamed) for focusing attention on this concept, he earlier (Hutchinson 1951) pointed to the originator of the concept, Julian Huxley. In "Evolution: the modern synthesis," Huxley (1942, pp. 280-281) related differences in predator size to differences in prey size, suggesting that animals using similar esources hould evolve differences insize in order to reduce the effects of competition for the same foods. He then listed eight examples of congeneric pairs that support his thesis: two pairs of woodpeckers (Dryobates major vs. D. minor, and D. villosus vs. D. pubescens); falcons (Falco peregrinus vs. F. columbarius); crows (Corvus ossifragus vs. C. brachyrhynchos); at least one pair of shrews (Sorex araneus vs. S. minutes); mustelids (Mustela erminea vs. M. nivalis); cats (Felis onca vs. F. pardalis); and curlews (Numenius arquata vs. N. phaeopus). He noted that "other obvious examples are to be found in bats, foxes, toads," and others (p. 281). Huxley even stated that the trend applied not only to body size, but to trophic apparati as well, offering tooth size in streaked tenrec species (Hemicentetes) as an example. Clearly, he envisioned character divergence producing minimum size ratios that would allow coexistence of congeners, stating,
Influence of water-induced damage mechanisms on the fatigue deterioration of high-strength concrete

Concrete specimens which are submerged in water have a significantly lower fatigue resistance than specimens which are stored and tested in air. This phenomenon was recognised in the past, but how the moisture content in the microstructure of the concrete influences its resistance against fatigue deterioration is still unknown. Well-instrumented fatigue tests on high-strength concrete specimens are conducted to investigate how the moisture content in the microstructure of concrete influences its fatigue resistance and which additional water-induced damage mechanisms are involved in the degradation process. Furthermore, a dependency of different load frequencies is examined. Since water-induced damage mechanisms act on a very small scale, which cannot be directly observed during the tests, a multiscale numerical approach is necessary to describe water-induced damage mechanisms in fatigue-loaded concrete. This paper presents results of fatigue tests on high-strength concrete specimens with different moisture contents and load frequencies tested in air and under water. The number of cycles to failure, the development of stiffness and the acoustic emission are analysed over the degradation process of the concrete. Finally, a numeric modelling approach is presented.
Assessment of risk and severity of injuries among male professional and national football league players in southwest Nigeria

Nigeria has the highest number of football players in Africa with a total of 6,653,710 players. Due to the fast pace and semi-contact nature of football, injuries are regular occurrences. In view of this, it is necessary to examine the risk factors and severity of injuries among Nigerian male professional and national football league players. Material and method. Two hundred and sixty six (266) registered male players in the South-West zone of the Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) and the Nigeria National League (NNL) for the 2013/2014 season were involved in this study (i.e. 40 from NPFL and 226 from NNL). Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the participants to obtain information on the demographic data, severity of injury and potential risk factors of injury. Chisquare test was used to evaluate the association between the risk factors of injury and occurrence of lower extremity injuries. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results. This study revealed an overall injury prevalence of 18.7%. Based on the time lost to injury, most (28, 58.2%) of the players with injury, reported to have severe injuries with more of the injuries occurring at the knee joints (20, 31.7%). Out of the risk factors assessed, there was a significant association between the category of play and occurrence of injury. Conclusion. Players in the NPFL and NNL are exposed to severe injuries which often affects the knee joint. Various strategies for injury prevention should be implemented by team managers.
Transferência do Hepatozoon tupinambis, parasita do lagarto Tupinambis teguixin, para a serpente cascavel (Crotalus durissus terrificus), por intermédio do mosquito Culex fatigans

The authors achieved a transfer of the Hepatozoon tupinambis (Laveran and Salibeni, 1909), a parasite of the Sauria: Tupinambis teguixin, L. , to a rattlesnake of the species Crotalus durissus terrificus, feeding the latter with experimentally infected mosquitoes. The parasite maintained its morphological characteristics in the recepting animal throughout the whole observation period (about 100 days). Schizogonic cysts were found in the liver of the rattlesnake.
Membrane Topology of CadA Cadmium Resistant ATPase in Staphylococcus aureus

Bacterial metal resistances evolved originally from the exposure of natural sources, and become more severe in recent years after the usages of therapeutic drugs. Some of these bacterial resistant mechanisms are raised from additive mutations of bacterial genes. Previously, the staphylococcal resistance to cadmium carried by pI258 penicillinase plasmid has been extensively studied. Biochemical characterization of the resistance has revealed that a CadA Cd-ATPase mediates the resistance phenomena and this protein has been categorized into a P-type ATPase enzyme family. Due to their difference in certain structural features, CadA and other P-type ATPases for transporting heavy metal ions have been grouped into a new enzyme family, called CPx-type ATPases. In this proposed study, we have investigated the CadA topography and, as a model, to characterize those functional domains unique for the CPx-ATPases. Using the phoA (alkaline phosphatase) and lacZ (β-galactosidase) gene fusion methods, a series of 22 cadA-phoA and 22 cadA-lacZ fusions were created throughout the cadA gene. Based on the reporter enzyme activities measured in this study, we have determined that there are eight transmembrane segments (TMs) in CadA; however, the third and forth segments might not traverse the membrane completely. Both the N-terminus and the C-terminus of CadA protein are located within the cytoplasm. This topological model is similar to that of the homologous ATPase found in Helicobacter pylori except the description of the TM3 and TM4. Besides, some significant differences have been found between these two pumps, including a highly hydrophobic region just behind the putative ATP binding site found in staphylococcal CadA but not in the helicobacter version of CadA, and an asymmetric arrangement of charged residues between these two ATPases. Anyway, we proposed a more detailed structure model of this kind of ATPases using staphylococcal CadA as an example. Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College Membrane Topology of CadA Cadmium Resistant ATPase in Staphylococcus aureus
Percepção dos produtores de leite do município de Passos, MG, sobre o carrapato Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), 2001

Twenty five dairy farms were randomly chosen from all farms producing more than 500 liters of milk/ day in Passos, MG, Brazil. The owners were interviewed to characterize their perceptions about the biology of B. microplus and their attitudes towards tick control. Most of the producers have a college degree and more than six year-experience in the activity. The biological damages caused by ticks are perceived by the farmers. Their tick control is performed without technical criteria and they did not show a proper knowledge on the biology of B. microplus nor on the toxicological risks of acaricides application. The results reveal a gap between the technology and farmers, favoring tick resistance to acaricides.
Towards an integrated OWL model for domain-specific and general language wordnets

This paper presents an approach to integrate the general language wordnet GermaNet with TermNet, a German domain-specific ontology. Both resources are represented in the Web Ontology Language OWL. For GermaNet, we adopted the OWL model suggested by van Assem et al. 2006 for the Prin ceton WordNet, for TermNet we developed a slightly different model better suited to terminologies. We will show how both resources can be inter-related using the idea of plug-in relations (as proposed by Magnini and Speranza 2002). In contrast to earlier plug-in approaches, our method of connecting gen eral language wordnets with domain-specific terminology does not impose changes on the structure of these two types of lexical representations. We there fore consider our proposal to be a step towards the interoperability of lexical-se mantic resources.
On the structure of braided crossed G-categories (Appendix to book by Turaev)

The main aim of this appendix is to discuss, for any finite group G, a close connection between braided crossed G-categories and ribbon categories containing the representation category of G as a full braided subcategory. In fact, in the context of finite semisimple categories, this will turn out to be a bijection (modulo suitable equivalences). As an application we prove that every braided G-crossed fusion category is equivalent to a strict monoidal category with strict G-action, justifying the strictness assumption made in Chapters VI and VII of this book. In the last section we touch upon the open problem of obtaining braided crossed G-categories as ‘crossed products’ of braided categories by finite group actions. The existence of such crossed products is shown to be equivalent to the conjectured existence of embeddings of braided fusion categories into modular categories of minimal size. The original references on which this appendix is based are [4] by Bruguières, [20, 21] by Kirillov Jr. and [24, 27, 28] by the author. For a more extensive treatment of some of the matters discussed in this appendix, cf. [12], in particular Section 4, “Equivariantization and de-equivariantization”.
Towards Context-Aware Language Models for Historical OCR Post-Correction

While the last decade brought substantial improvements in OCR, historic material is still challenging: special orthography, vocabulary, symbols, fonts, and layout, and sometimes poor visual quality hamper large-scale full-text digitisation. To account for these factors, on the language processing side of the problem, stochastic models need not only text samples but information which contexts they are representative of. Owing to the vast diversity and complexity of language, context can span multiple dimensions at different scales: from global “domain” attributes like document type, genre, time, and origin to local “markup” information such as region class, font, form features, and language. Ideally, OCR should condition its approximation model on these meta-data as much as possible. However, in practice such systems are already quite complex, meta-data schemes are very diverse, and historical ground truth corpora are still scarce [25]. So instead of extending existing OCR, it can be prudent to first build complementary tools for post-correction which feed from the OCR’s search space, but incorporate more linguistic knowledge, and maintain their own comprehensive models. This project is part of the joint coordinated research effort OCR-D [1], which aims at developing OCR methods for historic material in preparation of automated mass-digitisation of all German-speaking prints from the 16–19th century. Our module is dedicated to post-correction. We shall first explore various techniques among the major modelling paradigms of weighted finite-state transducers (WFST) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Based on these experiments, a system will be implemented that can be executed within the OCR-D pipeline, or run standalone. We shall provide standard models which exploit all available data and meta-data for both historic and contemporary texts, as well as training tools.
B UILDING S EGMENTS WITH C HUNKS

: In HMM-technology state tying is an approved method to achieve reliable estimation of model parameters. This method is based on clustering sub-phonetic units, derived from context dependent phones. Due to the theory of HMMs the clustering algorithm assumes that the feature vectors are statistic independent within a cluster. We derive the sub-phonetic units from tri-phones and call the resulting clusters 'HMM-segments'. In this paper we develop a new clustering algorithm, which is based on the theory of H idden C hunk M odels (HCM). The algorithm takes into account the statistic dependencies of the feature vectors realizing the sub-phonetic units. We call the resulting segments 'HCM-segments'. Both kinds of segments are modeled with HCMs. With these acoustic models we build two classification systems for context independent phonemes. Using a large Spanish speech database we compare the phoneme error rates achieved with the two kinds of segments. The HCM-segments showed higher performance.
Usability of Natural Interaction Input Devices in Virtual Assembly Tasks

We investigate the usability of diﬀerent natural interaction input devices in demanding bi-manual virtual assembly tasks. Our use case is the assembly of a spacecraft including a functionality test. We performed a user study to empirically measure the performance and additionally, we used a questionnaire to measure the user’s experience. We tested three diﬀerent input devices: a pair of cybergloves and a Leap Motion Tracker, both allow the tracking of arbitrary ﬁn-ger and hand movements, and the HTV Vive controllers that are restricted to pre-deﬁned gestures. Our results show that the HTC Vive controllers performed best in our bi-manual assembly task and moreover, they were rated best with regard to immersion.
Detection of Image Forgeries Using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Methodology

: Now-a-days, digital images have acquired the reputation of being an important evidence. However, with the development of imaging technology and the accessibility of powerful affordable image editing tools like Photoshop, it is becoming easier to add, modify or remove important features from an image without leaving any visual traces. Any image manipulation can become a forgery, based upon the context in which it is used. Thus today digital images are losing authenticity and it is becoming difficult to distinguish between authentic and tampered images; which is an essential requirement in various areas like in legal cases, in electronic media, in medical profession, and in research works etc. Copy move is the most common technique used for creating digital image forgeries in which a part of an image is copied and pasted elsewhere in the same image. Due to the technology advancement and availability of lots of sophisticated image editing tools, the digital images are losing authenticity. This has led to the proposal of different detection techniques to check whether the digital images are authentic or forged. Copy move forgery is a special type of forgery technique whose detection has become a widely used research topic under digital image forensics. The proposed system implement the feature extraction using principle component analysis and optimization (ant colony optimization) algorithm to detect the forgery image in JPG images. In optimization approach to classify the features and match the training feature if training and testing features has matching then detect the forgery image in the jpg images.
RISK OF WIRING OF BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS

The biometric identification systems are used in many applications that often include monitoring and recording of sensitive information. One of the major risks that may occur are data transmission risks when alarm information is affected, the system can no longer be relied upon. When installing biometric readers, many security risks that undermine the security of the entire building may arise. Risks that arise due to poor installation or different sabotage techniques are always a serious danger for guarded premises and may threaten guarded property. In order to avoid incorrect configuration of the entire system, it is important to ensure that the reader is installed and configured according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Errors often occur during installation arising from ignorance of how the system works and where its weaknesses are. As soon as the weaknesses of the used systems are known, countermeasures can be created against them. The problem of electric sabotage affects a large proportion of biometric systems. In the time of increasing property crime, it is highly important for biometric identification systems to be able to resist used electrical sabotage within the guarded area reliably and free of error. These tests are important both from an informative perspective and due to the possibilities of development of potential counter-measures which could lead to their improvement and an enhancement of their level of security.