Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M E ] 1 3 A ug 2 01 5 Hypothesis testing for Markov chain Monte Carlo

Testing between hypotheses, when independent sampling is possible, is a well developed subject. In this paper, we propose hypothesis tests that are applicable when the samples are obtained using Markov chain Monte Carlo. These tests are useful when one is interested in deciding whether the expected value of a certain quantity is above or below a given threshold. We show non-asymptotic error bounds and bounds on the expected number of samples for three types of tests, a fixed sample size test, a sequential test with indifference region, and a sequential test without indifference region. Our tests can lead to significant savings in sample size. We illustrate our results on an example of Bayesian parameter inference involving an ODE model of a biochemical pathway.
Minimal-time mean field games

This paper considers a mean field game model inspired by crowd motion where agents want to leave a given bounded domain through a part of its boundary in minimal time. Each agent is free to move in any direction, but their maximal speed is bounded in terms of the average density of agents around their position in order to take into account congestion phenomena. After a preliminary study of the corresponding minimal-time optimal control problem, we formulate the mean field game in a Lagrangian setting and prove existence of Lagrangian equilibria using a fixed point strategy. We provide a further study of equilibria under the assumption that agents may leave the domain through the whole boundary, in which case equilibria are described through a system of a continuity equation on the distribution of agents coupled with a Hamilton–Jacobi equation on the value function of the optimal control problem solved by each agent. This is possible thanks to the semiconcavity of the value function, which follows from some further regularity properties of optimal trajectories obtained through Pontryagin Maximum Principle. Simulations illustrate the behavior of equilibria in some particular situations.
Stationary region predictor using a stationary camera

A method to determine the stationery probability of regions or feature points in a video sequence is proposed in this paper. This is done by identifying feature points using the Harris corner detector, finding descriptors for the feature points and then tracking the feature points. The information gained from tracking the feature points is then used to determine the stationery probability of these features. This method is shown to successfully identify probable stationery and moving regions in video sequences.
Volatile Flavor Components of Cooked Kaorimai (Scented Rice, O. sativa japonica)

Head space vapors containing the volatiles of cooked Kaorimai (Scented rice, O. sativa japonica) were drawn off into cold traps under reduced pressure. The resulting condensate was extracted with ethyl ether and the extract was then separated into acidic, basic, and neutral fractions. The neutral fraction was further separated into hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds by column chromatography. All fractions were examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; 114 compounds were identified. Among them was α-pyrrolidone which was identified for the first time as a volatile flavor compound of any cooked rice.We also made a comparison of volatile flavor compounds in cooked Koshihikari rice (O. sative japonica var. Koshihikari) and Kaorimai.
Restoration of Images Corrupted by High Density Salt & Pepper Noise through Adaptive Median Based Modified Mean Filter

In this paper an efficient algorithm is proposed for removal of salt & pepper noise from digital images. Salt and pepper noise in images is present due to bit errors in transmission or introduced during the signal acquisition stage. It represents itself as randomly occurring white and black pixels. This noise can be removed using standard Median Filter (SMF), Progressive Switched Median Filter (PSMF) under low density noise conditions. Decision Based Algorithm (DBA) and Modified Decision Based Unsymmetric Trimmed Median Filter (MDBUTMF) do not give better results at high noise density. So, in this project, this drawback will be overcome by using Adaptive Median based Modified Mean Filter (AMMF). This proposed algorithm shows better Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and clear image than the existing algorithm. Keywords- Median filter, Progressive Switched Median Filter, Decision Based Algorithm, Modified Decision Based Unsymmetric Trimmed Median Filter
Synthetic Biology Based Biosensors and the Emerging Governance Issues

Synthetic biology is a nascent field of applied science that has found applications in diverse areas such as healthcare, energy, agriculture, food additives and industrial chemicals. Its market is estimated to grow to a value of $4.5 billion in 2015. The role of synthetic biology for development of biosensors for biomedical application and its related governance issues have been considered in the present review. The recent developments in the synthetic biology based biosensors as well as critical factors such as biosafety, standardization and proprietary rights for its socio-economic acceptance have been discussed. Scrutiny of such issues aims to understand the different parameters that can stimulate the growth as well as success of synthetic biology derived biosensors and minimise the associated risk.
Effect of capital structure on profitability : Evidences from Portugal and Spain

Capital structure is one of the most important and complex areas of financial decision making as it being interrelated with other financial decisions. A firm can opt for different capital structure and for those combinations there is a total cost of capital depending on the financial situation of the company. Hence proving to be the basic relevance for the purpose of the study. The main objective of the study is to find out the capital structure and its impact on profitability in considered firms in the Portugal and Spain and how the Eurozone crisis has affected the capital structure decisions. In this study an attempt has been made to analyze the capital structure and its impact on profit earning capacity during a period of 2003-2013. By analyzing the correlation results, it can be inferred that there is a negative correlation between profitability ratios and leverage ratios. Whereas, the results of regression analysis shows there is either no or negative significant relationship between the ROE (Return on Equity) and leverage ratio, but there is a negative and significant impact of leverage ratios on ROA (Return on Assets). Further, the findings also supported the fact that there is no significant change in financing decisions of the firm has been seen after Eurozone Debt crisis when compared to Pre-Eurozone Debt Crisis. The outcomes of the study may guide entrepreneurs, loancreditors and policy planners to formulate better policy decisions in respect of the mix of debt and equity capital and to exercise control over capital structure planning and thereby to control and reduce bankruptcy costs. JEL-Classification: G32, G01
Link Prediction in Dynamic Networks Based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization

With the widespread reach of the Internet, social networks have become popular and people can use them to build wider connections . Besides social networks, network structures are constantly observed in real-world systems, such as road traffic networks and neural networks. When we build a network structure to topologically approximate complex systems, missing or redundant links may unavoidably occur owing to time and cost restrictions in experiments conducted for constructing the networks. Moreover, since the network links may be dynamically changing in nature, some
Jaundice in the newborn infant October 2004

At present the initial screening for jaundice is done visually. On the basis of this a possible measurement of transcutaneous bilirubin concentration is considered. If this is above a certain limit, plasma bilirubin concentration is determined. On a routine basis plasma total bilirubin concentration is determined. A screening of term and near-term infants by measurement of the transcutaneous bilirubin concentration has been proposed.
Review of Classification of project proposal through Ontology Text Mining

Research Paper Selection is important decision preparing task for the Government funding Agency, research Institutes. Ontology is Knowledge Repository in which concepts and terms defined as well as relationship between these concepts. In this paper Ontology is old research papers repository of keywords and frequencies of that keywords of the research papers of funding agencies. Ontology makes the tasks of searching similar patterns of text that is to be more effective, efficient and interactive. The current system of grouping of papers for research paper selection based on similarities of
A pr 2 01 5 Epistemic nature of quantum reasoning

Doubts are raised concerning the usual interpretation of the alleged failure, by quantum mechanics, of the distributive law of classical logic. The difficulty raised by incompatible sets of observables is overcome within an epistemic enrichment of classical logic that provides the means for distinguishing between the value of a variable and its observation while retaining the classical connectives.
For Review O nly 1 Spectroscopic Analysis of CdCl 2 doped PVA-PVP Blend Films

The changes in molecular chemical structure of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), caused by doping PVA-PVP blend with cadmium chloride (CdCl2), have been studied using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The formation of cadmium nano-structures and microstructures in CdCl2 doped PVA-PVP blend has been visualized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), in the range of doping levels varying from 0.5 wt% up to 10.2 wt% (doping level in weight percentage). The incorporation of dopant in PVA-PVP blend is confirmed using Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The optical absorbance (UV-Vis) spectra of PVA-PVP blend films doped with CdCl2 from 0.5 wt% up to 2.2 wt%, showed a prominent absorption hump with peak at the wavelength 370 nm, in addition to other intermediate energy bands caused by the interactions of CdCl2 with molecules of PVA and PVP. The photo-luminescence (emission/ fluorescence) spectra show significant quenching of fluorescence in CdCl2 doped PVA-PVP blend films. Analysis of FTIR and Raman spectra suggest the possible modes of interaction of cadmium ions (Cd 2+ ) and chlorine ions (Cl ) with reactive functional groups (C-N, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups) of polymeric molecules in the blend. A reaction scheme for interaction of CdCl2 with PVA-PVP blend is proposed, on the basis of spectroscopic studies on these films.
Anxiety Disorder Prediction from Virtual Reality Head Movements

In this work, we explored a head movement, a noisy signal in the medical domain which we confirm to be useful for predicting patient anxiety disorder. We faced an inherently small-data problem, since controlled participation in a VR experience is costly to collect. As such, we focused on featurization and model comparison to determine what features and methods are promising for evaluating anxiety through head movement. We conclude that the discrete Fourier Transform tends to be more predictive than summary statistics about the head movement data, as two of our three models perform better on DFT parameters, and our best model, a multinomial Naive Bayes on DFT features, considerably outperforms all baselines. Qualitatively, we see in the graph below why head movement data can be predictive of anxiety. We report largely negative results in our attempts to use random search on model weights to choose a high-quality mixture of experts, though our F1-optimized model does achieve the best combination of F1 and recall. Our CNN model underperformed classical baselines, likely due to a lack of data, though this was true even for very small CNNs, as shown by our hyperparameter search.
Proper name +-s ’ A hidden possessive

The Dutch grammatical marker -s is well-known for its occurrence in possessive noun phrases such as Piets auto (Piet-s car, ‘Piet’s car’) and vaders hoed (father-s hat, ‘father’s hat’), where -s is attached to a proper name and a kinship term, respectively. As has been observed by various Dutch traditional grammarians, the marker -s also shows up in a great variety of Dutch dialects in what appear to be non-possessive contexts (cf. Van Haeringen 1947, Overdiep 1940). An example of this quite remarkable phenomenon is given in (1), which represents Alblasserwaard Dutch (cf. Van Haeringen ibidem):
Concept Development for Astrophysically Relevant Turbulence on NIF

An preliminary design of an experiment meant to investigate the evolution of multimode Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RT) is presented. This experiment is intended to provide a direct measurement of the two-dimensional bubble front evolution in the hydrodynamic regime. RT growth for the proposed design has been analyzed using one-dimensional direct numerical simulations in HYADES, and a self-similar behavior model. The proposed design assures a significant bubble merging process (∼ 3-4 bubble merger generations), bringing the bubble front to the self-similar stage. The design takes advantage of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) capabilities to provide a large enough laser spot area (∼0.5-1 cm), along with a low enough drive, so preheat effects remain reasonably small.
Liquidity-Based Competition for Order Flow

We present a microstructure model of competition for order flow between exchanges based on liquidity provision. We find that neither a pure limit order market (PLM) nor a hybrid specialist-limit order market (HM) structure is competition-proof. A PLM can always be supported in equilibrium as the dominant market (i.e., where the hybrid limit book is empty), but an HM can also be supported, for some market parameterizations, as the dominant market. We also show the possible coexistence of competing markets. Order preferencing--that is, decisions about where orders are routed when investors are indifferent--is a key determinant of market viability. Welfare comparisons show that competition between exchanges can increase as well as reduce the cost of liquidity. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
Identification of candidate genes for calcium and magnesium 1 accumulation in Brassica napus L . by association genetics 2 3 Running title : Calcium and magnesium accumulation candidates

22 23 Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are essential plant nutrients and vital for human and animal 24 nutrition. Biofortification of crops has previously been suggested to alleviate widespread 25 human Ca and Mg deficiencies. In this study, new candidate genes influencing the leaf 26 accumulation of Ca and Mg were identified in young Brassica napus plants using associative 27 transcriptomics of ionomics datasets. A total of 247 and 166 SNP markers were associated with 28 leaf Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, after false discovery rate correction and removal 29 of SNPs with low second allele frequency. Gene expression markers at similar positions were 30 also associated with leaf Ca and Mg concentration, including loci on chromosomes A10 and 31 C2, within which lie previously identified transporter genes ACA8 and MGT7. Further 32 candidate genes were selected from seven loci and the mineral composition of whole 33 Arabidopsis thaliana shoots were characterised from lines mutated in orthologous genes. Four 34 and two mutant lines had reduced shoot Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, compared to 35 wild type plants. Three of these mutations were found to have tissue specific effects; notably 36 reduced silique Ca in all three such mutant lines. This knowledge could be applied in targeted 37 breeding, with the possibility of increasing Ca and Mg in plant tissue for improving human and 38 livestock nutrition. 39
Combination of esomeprazole with chemotherapeutics results in more pronounced cytotoxic effect via apoptosis on A549 nonsmall-cell lung cancer cell line

The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases that pump H+ from the cytoplasm to extracellular compartments can alter the pH of the tumor microenvironment. Esomeprazole can effectively inhibit vacuolar (H+)-ATPases and may increase the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. Therefore, we used esomeprazole in combination with cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine on the A549 nonsmall-cell lung cancer cell line. Cisplatin and carboplatin combinations with esomeprazole exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared to the other selected chemotherapeutics. Low-dose combinations of esomeprazole with either cisplatin or carboplatin resulted in synergistic interaction. We examined cytotoxic activity of these combinations with the xCELLigence real-time cytotoxicity assay and detected that esomeprazole combinations with both 100% test drug concentrations of cisplatin and carboplatin shifted the antiproliferative effects of these agents towards a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Cell death mode was investigated by M30 assay, Annexin-V-FITC fluorescence imaging, and determination of PARP cleavage in western blotting. The cells treated with the cisplatin and esomeprazole combination displayed characteristic features of apoptosis such as elevated M30 levels, Annexin-V staining, and PARP cleavage. In conclusion, these novel combinations resulted in higher sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapeutics, thereby warranting further in vivo experiments for proof of the concept.
Decrease energy consumption of transport telecommunication networks due to the usage of stage-by-stage controlling procedure

A new approach to the development of advanced automatic monitoring system and adaptive control of transport telecommu-nication network, allowing to reduce energy consumption of switching centers during the analysis and identiﬁcation of faults and failures in equipment operation is oﬀered in this paper. Energy reduction is achieved due to the use of step-by-step procedure of ﬁnding out abnormal situations, errors optimization of identiﬁcation system states, the use of multi-agent and permission of agents dependent on hierarchy level of transport telecommunication network.
Recent glacier mass changes in the Gulf of Alaska region from GRACE mascon solutions

Abstract The mass changes of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) glaciers are computed from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inter-satellite range-rate data for the period April 2003–September 2007. Through the application of unique processing techniques and a surface mass concentration (mascon) parameterization, the mass variations in the GoA glacier regions have been estimated at high temporal (10 day) and spatial (2 × 2 arc-degrees) resolution. The mascon solutions are directly estimated from a reduction of the GRACE K-band inter-satellite range-rate data and, unlike previous GRACE solutions for the GoA glaciers, do not exhibit contamination by leakage from mass change occurring outside the region of interest. The mascon solutions reveal considerable temporal and spatial variation within the GoA glacier region, with the largest negative mass balances observed in the St Elias Mountains including the Yakutat and Glacier Bay regions. The most rapid losses occurred during the 2004 melt season due to record temperatures in Alaska during that year. The total mass balance of the GoA glacier region was −84 ± 5 Gt a−1 contributing 0.23 ± 0.01 mm a−1 to global sea-level rise from April 2003 through March 2007. Highlighting the large seasonal and interannual variability of the GoA glaciers, the rate determined over the period April 2003–March 2006 is −102 ± 5 Gt a−1, which includes the anomalously high temperatures of 2004 and does not include the large 2007 winter balance-year snowfall. The mascon solutions agree well with regional patterns of glacier mass loss determined from aircraft altimetry and in situ measurements.
Post model‐fitting exploration via a “Next‐Door” analysis

We propose a simple method for evaluating the model that has been chosen by an adaptive regression procedure, our main focus being the lasso. This procedure deletes each chosen predictor and refits the lasso to get a set of models that are “close” to the chosen “base model,” and compares the error rates of the base model with that of nearby models. If the deletion of a predictor leads to significant deterioration in the model's predictive power, the predictor is called indispensable; otherwise, the nearby model is called acceptable and can serve as a good alternative to the base model. This provides both an assessment of the predictive contribution of each variable and a set of alternative models that may be used in place of the chosen model. We call this procedure “Next‐Door analysis” since it examines models “next” to the base model. It can be applied to supervised learning problems with ℓ1 penalization and stepwise procedures. We have implemented it in the R language as a library to accompany the well‐known glmnet library. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 447–470; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada
The crustal structure of the Reykjanes Ridge at 59° 30′N

Summary. In order to examine the development of the oceanic crust in the neighbourhood of a slowly spreading ridge, a seismic refraction experiment was carried out at 59° 30′N on the Reykjanes Ridge. Three 120 km long overlapped split profiles were shot parallel to the trend of the ridge, on the eastern flank, and recorded on up to five recording sonobuoys. The profiles were at distances of 0, 30 and 90km from the ridge axis, corresponding to approximate crustal ages of 0, 3 and 9 Myr. Data from the main profiles were supplemented by using a large chamber air gun during recovery of the buoys. The analysis of the data combined standard travel-time interpretation, the ‘tau’ method of systematic travel-time inversion and detailed amplitude modelling using the Reflectivity Method to calculate synthetic seismograms. Detailed velocity-depth models were constructed for each of the profiles. There is no indication of a significant magma chamber at the ridge crest, although a slight velocity inversion in layer 3 suggests a zone of elevated temperature. Away from the crest there was a slight positive velocity gradient in layer 3. Layer 2 was most effectively modelled by a region of varying velocity gradients, which thinned with age and the transition to layer 3 is marked by a sharp change in velocity gradient. The transition to mantle velocities is also best modelled by a high velocity gradient rather than an interface. Although some lateral variation in properties is apparent along the profiles, the lateral velocity gradients were sufficiently weak to allow an effective analysis in terms of laterally uniform models.
The Light Curve and the Orbital Period Variations of Binary System TT Andromedae

The first photoelectric light curve analysis of the TT And system in a broad band filter (400 - 700 nm) was carried out using the PHOEBE program. The absolute dimensions of the system are determined and its evolution is discussed. The most distinct feature of the system is a comparatively very low mass of the cooler component i.e. M2 = 0.26M⊙. Moreover, using the Observed-minus-Calculated data, the period changes of the system are studied, which reveal the presence of a third body orbiting the system with a period P3 = 63.89 yr, superimposed on which is a secular period increase, which is ascribed to mass transfer with a rate −7.60 × 10−12 M⊙ yr−1 from the cooler secondary component.