Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of autologous fat grafts in breast surgery: A literature review

Autologous fat injection was first described roughly a century ago and has been used in surgery ever since. In addition to its use in many surgical fields, it is also frequently used for both aesthetic and reconstructive purposes in breast surgery. Since the application of fat grafting in breast surgery has steadily increased, studies investigating its reliability have simultaneously become increasingly common. Previous studies have reported that the use of fat grafting in breast surgery is reliable, but some pending questions remain about its routine use. In order to use fat grafts successfully in breast surgery, it is necessary to be familiar with the structure and content of adipose tissue, the efficacy of adipose stem cell-enriched fat grafts, the oncological safety of fat grafts, and the problems that may occur in the radiological follow-up of patients who undergo fat grafting procedures. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the use of fat grafts in breast surgery by investigating these common problems.
MS CD49d+CD154+ Lymphocytes Reprogram Oligodendrocytes into Immune Reactive Cells Affecting CNS Regeneration

The critical aspect in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression involves insufficient regeneration of CNS resulting from deficient myelin synthesis by newly generated oligodendrocytes (OLs). Although many studies have focused on the role of autoreactive lymphocytes in the inflammatory-induced axonal loss, the problem of insufficient remyelination and disease progression is still unsolved. To determine the effect of myelin-specific lymphocytes on OL function in MS patients and in a mouse model of MS, we cultured myelin induced MS CD49d+CD154+ circulating lymphocytes as well as Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse brain-derived T and memory B cells with maturing oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We found that myelin-specific CD49d+CD154+ lymphocytes affected OPC maturation toward formation of immune reactive OLs. Newly generated OLs were characterized by imbalanced myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) production as well as proinflammatory chemokine/cytokine synthesis. The analysis of cellular pathways responsible for OL reprogramming revealed that CD49d+CD154+ lymphocytes affected miRNA synthesis by dysregulation of polymerase II activity. miR-665 and ELL3 turned out to be the main targets of MS myelin-specific lymphocytes. Neutralization of high intracellular miR-665 concentration restored miRNA and MBP/PLP synthesis. Together, these data point to new targets for therapeutic intervention promoting CNS remyelination.
Adrenal Crisis.

Long-term steroid therapy is the biggest risk factor for adrenal crisis. Oral steroid treatment carries the highest risk; however, inhaled and topical steroids also can on occasion cause adrenal insufficiency, and therefore predispose to adrenal crisis. There have been a few cases associated with high-dose inhaled fluticasone. [3] It has also been reported in a child with normal-dose inhaled fluticasone, stressing the need to prescribe at the lowest dose required to control symptoms. [4] A case following overuse of nasal fluticasone has also been reported. [5]
Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects of Asarone Derivatives From Perilla frutescens Leaves Against Beta-Amyloid Aggregation and Nitric Oxide Production

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with loss of memory and cognitive function. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates, in particular, are known to be highly neurotoxic and lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, blockade or reduction of Aβ aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach in AD. We have previously reported an inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (Lamiaceae) and its hexane fraction on Aβ aggregation. Here, the hexane fraction of P. frutescens was subjected to diverse column chromatography based on activity-guided isolation methodology. This approach identified five asarone derivatives including 2,3-dimethoxy-5-(1E)-1-propen-1-yl-phenol (1), β-asarone (2), 3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-(2E)-2-propen-1-ol (3), asaronealdehyde (4), and α-asarone (5). All five asarone derivatives efficiently reduced the aggregation of Aβ and disaggregated preformed Aβ aggregates in a dose-dependent manner as determined by a Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay. Furthermore, asarone derivatives protected PC12 cells from Aβ aggregate-induced toxicity by reducing the aggregation of Aβ, and significantly reduced NO production from LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that asarone derivatives derived from P. frutescens are neuroprotective and have the prophylactic and therapeutic potential in AD.
Effects of salt loading on the organisation of microtubules in rat magnocellular vasopressin neurones

Magnocellular vasopressin (VP) neurones are activated by increases in blood osmolality, leading to the secretion of VP into the circulation to promote water retention in the kidney, thus constituting a key mechanism for the regulation of body fluid homeostasis. However, chronic high salt intake can lead to excessive activation of VP neurones and increased circulating levels of VP, contributing to an elevation in blood pressure. Multiple extrinsic factors, such as synaptic inputs and glial cells, modulate the activity of VP neurones. Moreover, magnocellular neurones are intrinsically osmosensitive, and are activated by hypertonicity in the absence of neighbouring cells or synaptic contacts. Hypertonicity triggers cell shrinking, leading to the activation of VP neurones. This cell‐autonomous activation is mediated by a scaffold of dense somatic microtubules, uniquely present in VP magnocellular neurones. Treating isolated magnocellular neurones with drugs modulating microtubule stability modifies the sensitivity of neuronal activation in response to acute hypertonic stimuli. However, whether the microtubule network is altered in conditions associated with enhanced neuronal activation and increased VP release, such as chronic high salt intake, remains unknown. We examined the organisation of microtubules in VP neurones of the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (SON and PVN, respectively) of rats subjected to salt‐loading (drinking 2% NaCl for 7 days). Using super‐resolution imaging, we found that the density of microtubules in magnocellular VP neurones from the SON and PVN was significantly increased, whereas the density and organisation of microtubules remain unchanged in other hypothalamic neurones, as well as in neurones from other brain areas (e.g., hippocampus, cortex). We propose that the increase in microtubule density in magnocellular VP neurones in salt‐loading promotes their enhanced activation, possibly contributing to elevated blood pressure in this condition.
Effect of Creatine and Glucose on Formation of Heterocyclic Amines in Grilled Chicken Breasts

The occurrence of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in grilled chicken breasts was investigated. All samples contained HAs, including MeIQx, PhIP, and the β-carbolines harman and norharman. In particular, PhIP was found in concentrations of 1.5–9.1 ng/g, and MeIQx was detected at very low concentrations (n.d.–1.1 ng/g). The concentrations of two co-mutagenic β-carbolines, harman and norharman, ranged from 0.8 to 2.3 ng/g when the content of the precursor glucose was varied from 100 to 620 mg/kg. In contrast, the content of the precursor creatine in non-grilled chicken breasts varied by only 8.6%. A significant linear correlation existed between the molar concentration of PhIP and the molar ratio of creatine/glucose (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). We, thus, conclude that the formation of PhIP may be inhibited with increasing concentrations of glucose in chicken breast. Chicken patties coated with ribose or glucose-containing water in oil emulsions confirmed that both reducing sugars decreased PhIP formation with the preferred concentrations (sensory analysis) of 0.5–1% for ribose and 1% for glucose leading to a reduction of PhIP formation by 28–34% and 39%, respectively.
Establishing a System for Functional Characterization of Full-Length cDNAs of Camellia sinensis

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is enriched with bioactive secondary metabolites, and is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages globally. Two tea reference genomes have been reported; however, the functional analysis of tea genes has lagged, mainly due to tea’s recalcitrance to genetic transformation and the absence of alternative high throughput heterologous expression systems. A full-length cDNA collection with a streamlined cloning system is needed in this economically important woody crop species. RNAs were isolated from nine different vegetative tea tissues, pooled, then used to construct a normalized full-length cDNA library. The titer of unamplified and amplified cDNA library was 6.89 × 106 and 1.8 × 1010 cfu/mL, respectively; the library recombinant rate was 87.2%. Preliminary characterization demonstrated that this collection can complement existing tea reference genomes and facilitate rare gene discovery. In addition, to streamline tea cDNA cloning and functional analysis, a binary vector (pBIG2113SF) was reengineered, seven tea cDNAs isolated from this library were successfully cloned into this vector, then transformed into Arabidopsis. One FL-cDNA, which encodes a putative P1B-type ATPase 5 (CsHMA5), was characterized further as a proof of concept. We demonstrated that overexpression of CsHMA5 in Arabidopsis resulted in copper hyposensitivity. Thus, our data demonstrated that this represents an efficient system for rare gene discovery and functional characterization of tea genes. The integration of a tea FL-cDNA collection with efficient cloning and a heterologous expression system would facilitate functional annotation and characterization of tea genes.
Functional Analysis of the Soybean GmCDPK3 Gene Responding to Drought and Salt Stresses

Plants have a series of response mechanisms to adapt when they are subjected to external stress. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) in plants function against a variety of abiotic stresses. We screened 17 CDPKs from drought- and salt-induced soybean transcriptome sequences. The phylogenetic tree divided CDPKs of rice, Arabidopsis and soybean into five groups (I–V). Cis-acting element analysis showed that the 17 CDPKs contained some elements associated with drought and salt stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the 17 CDPKs were responsive after different degrees of induction under drought and salt stresses. GmCDPK3 was selected as a further research target due to its high relative expression. The subcellular localization experiment showed that GmCDPK3 was located on the membrane of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Overexpression of GmCDPK3 improved drought and salt resistance in Arabidopsis. In the soybean hairy roots experiment, the leaves of GmCDPK3 hairy roots with RNA interference (GmCDPK3-RNAi) soybean lines were more wilted than those of GmCDPK3 overexpression (GmCDPK3-OE) soybean lines after drought and salt stresses. The trypan blue staining experiment further confirmed that cell membrane damage of GmCDPK3-RNAi soybean leaves was more severe than in GmCDPK3-OE soybean lines. In addition, proline (Pro) and chlorophyll contents were increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased in GmCDPK3-OE soybean lines. On the contrary, GmCDPK3-RNAi soybean lines had decreased Pro and chlorophyll content and increased MDA. The results indicate that GmCDPK3 is essential in resisting drought and salt stresses.
Evaluation of Second-Hand Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Vaping under a Real Scenario: Measurements of Ultrafine Particle Number Concentration and Size Distribution and Comparison with Traditional Tobacco Smoke

The present study aims to evaluate the impact of e-cig second-hand aerosol on indoor air quality in terms of ultrafine particles (UFPs) and potential inhalation exposure levels of passive bystanders. E-cig second-hand aerosol characteristics in terms of UFPs number concentration and size distribution exhaled by two volunteers vaping 15 different e-liquids inside a 49 m3 room and comparison with tobacco smoke are discussed. High temporal resolution measurements were performed under natural ventilation conditions to simulate a realistic exposure scenario. Results showed a systematic increase in UFPs number concentration (part cm−3) related to a 20-min vaping session (from 6.56 × 103 to 4.01 × 104 part cm−3), although this was one up to two order of magnitude lower than that produced by one tobacco cigarette consumption (from 1.12 × 105 to 1.46 × 105 part cm−3). E-cig second-hand aerosol size distribution exhibits a bimodal behavior with modes at 10.8 and 29.4 nm in contrast with the unimodal typical size distribution of tobacco smoke with peak mode at 100 nm. In the size range 6–26 nm, particles concentration in e-cig second-hand aerosol were from 2- (Dp = 25.5 nm) to 3800-fold (Dp = 9.31 nm) higher than in tobacco smoke highlighting that particles exhaled by users and potentially inhaled by bystanders are nano-sized with high penetration capacity into human airways.
Eukaryote hybrid genomes

Interspecific hybridization is the process where closely related species mate and produce offspring with admixed genomes. The genomic revolution has shown that hybridization is common, and that it may represent an important source of novel variation. Although most interspecific hybrids are sterile or less fit than their parents, some may survive and reproduce, enabling the transfer of adaptive variants across the species boundary, and even result in the formation of novel evolutionary lineages. There are two main variants of hybrid species genomes: allopolyploid, which have one full chromosome set from each parent species, and homoploid, which are a mosaic of the parent species genomes with no increase in chromosome number. The establishment of hybrid species requires the development of reproductive isolation against parental species. Allopolyploid species often have strong intrinsic reproductive barriers due to differences in chromosome number, and homoploid hybrids can become reproductively isolated from the parent species through assortment of genetic incompatibilities. However, both types of hybrids can become further reproductively isolated, gaining extrinsic isolation barriers, by exploiting novel ecological niches, relative to their parents. Hybrids represent the merging of divergent genomes and thus face problems arising from incompatible combinations of genes. Thus hybrid genomes are highly dynamic and undergo rapid evolutionary change, including genome stabilization in which selection against incompatible combinations results in fixation of compatible ancestry block combinations within the hybrid species. The potential for rapid adaptation or speciation makes hybrid genomes a particularly exciting subject of in evolutionary biology. Here we summarize how introgressed alleles or hybrid species can establish and how the resulting hybrid genomes evolve.
Emerging Layered Metallic VS2 for Rechargeable Metal-Ion Batteries: Progress and Opportunities.

Rechargeable metal-ion batteries (RMIBs), as one of the most viable technologies for electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy storage (EES), have received extensive research enthusiasm for a long time. Electrode materials play a decisive role on capacity, energy and power density, which directly affect the practical applications of RMIBs in EVs and EES. As an electrode material, layered metallic VS2 has theoretically and experimentally demonstrated inspiring results because of its synthetic characteristics of continuously adjustable V valence, large interlayer spacing, weak interlayer interaction and high surface activity. In this review, we systematically introduce the synthetic strategies, theoretical metal-ion storage sites and diffusion kinetics, and experimental electrochemical reaction mechanism of VS2 for RMIBs. Emphatically, we summarize the critical issues affecting the metal-ion storage properties of VS2 electrode and three major enhancement strategies, namely optimizing electrolyte and cut-off voltage, constructing space-confined structure, and controlling crystal structure, aiming to promote the development of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Finally, we present the challenges and opportunities for the future development of VS2 in energy storage field. We hope this review can arouse researchers certain attention to emerging layered metallic VS2 and provide insights toward designing an excellent VS2 electrode material for the next-generation high-performance RMIBs.
Physical Properties of Composite Films from Tilapia Skin Collagen with Pachyrhizus Starch and Rambutan Peel Phenolics

Different composite films composed of tilapia skin collagen (TSC) with Pachyrhizus starch (PS) or rambutan peel phenolics (RPP) were prepared, and the physical properties of these films were determined. The effects of PS and RPP on TSC films were investigated, and our results indicated that PS and RPP could improve the physical properties of TSC films. Opacity and film thickness showed an enhanced trend with increasing PS and RPP contents in TSC films, whereas solubility in water, elongation-at-break (EAB), and water vapor permeability (WVP) showed declining trends. TSC film with 10% PS and 0.5% RPP had the highest tensile strength, and the tensile strength dropped drastically when the content of PS and RPP increased. The light transmittances of the films could decrease with the incorporation of PS and RPP. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that the addition of PS and RPP improved the thermal stability of TSC films. In addition, X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystallinity of the films decreased and the amorphous structure of the films tended to become more complex with the addition of PS and RPP. As shown by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, PS and RPP can strongly interact with TSC, resulting in a modification of its structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that there was a good compatibility between TSC, PS, and RPP. The results indicated that TSC film incorporated with 10% PS and 0.5% RPP was an effective method for improve the physical properties of the film. TSC–PS–RPP composite films can be used not only in biomedical applications, but also as active food packaging materials.
The influences of sleep duration, chronotype, and nightwork on the ovarian cycle

ABSTRACT Despite research indicating that sleep disorders influence reproductive health, the effects of sleep on reproductive hormone concentrations are poorly characterized. We prospectively followed 259 regularly menstruating women across one to two menstrual cycles (the BioCycle Study, 2005–2007), measuring fasting serum hormone concentrations up to eight times per cycle. Women provided information about daily sleep in diaries and chronotype and night/shift work on a baseline questionnaire. We evaluated percent differences in mean hormone concentrations, the magnitude of shifts in the timing and amplitude of hormone peaks, and the risk for sporadic anovulation associated with self-reported sleep patterns and night/shift work. We estimated chronotype scores – categorizing women below and above the interquartile range (IQR) as “morning” and “evening” chronotypes, respectively. For every hour increase in daily sleep duration, mean estradiol concentrations increased by 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 5.9%) and luteal phase progesterone by 9.4% (CI 4.0, 15.2%). Receiving less than 7 hours of sleep per day was associated with slightly earlier rises in peak levels for several hormones. Women reporting night/shift work (n = 77) had lower testosterone relative to women employed without night/shift work (percent difference: −9.9%, CI −18.4, −0.4%). Women with morning chronotypes (n = 47) had earlier rises in estradiol during their cycles and potentially an earlier rise in luteinizing hormone. Compared to those who had intermediate chronotypes, women with evening chronotypes (n = 42) had a later luteinizing hormone peak of borderline statistical significance. A reduced risk for sporadic anovulation was suggested, but imprecise, for increasing hours of daily sleep leading up to ovulation (risk ratio 0.79, CI 0.59, 1.06), while an imprecise increased risk was observed for women with morning chronotypes (risk ratio 2.50, CI 0.93, 6.77). Sleep-related hormonal changes may not greatly alter ovarian function in healthy women, but have the potential to influence gynecologic health.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Pb(II) Ion Detection in Rivers Using SPR-Based Ag Metallic Layer Coated with Chitosan–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

The detection of Pb(II) ions in a river using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based silver (Ag) thin film technique was successfully developed. Chitosan–graphene oxide (CS-GO) was coated on top of the Ag thin film surface and acted as the active sensing layer for Pb(II) ion detection. CS-GO was synthesized and characterized, and the physicochemical properties of this material were studied prior to integration with the SPR. In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the appearance of the C=O, C–O, and O–H functional groups at 531.2 eV and 532.5 eV, respectively, confirms the success of CS-GO nanocomposite synthesis. A higher surface roughness of 31.04 nm was observed under atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis for Ag/CS-GO thin film. The enhancement in thin film roughness indicates that more adsorption sites are available for Pb(II) ion binding. The SPR performance shows a good sensor sensitivity for Ag/CS-GO with 1.38° ppm−1 ranging from 0.01 to 5.00 ppm of standard Pb(II) solutions. At lower concentrations, a better detection accuracy was shown by SPR using Ag/CS-GO thin film compared to Ag/CS thin film. The SPR performance using Ag/CS-GO thin film was further evaluated with real water samples collected from rivers. The results are in agreement with those of standard Pb(II) ion solution, which were obtained at incidence angles of 80.00° and 81.11° for local and foreign rivers, respectively.
Time for second-generation artificial intelligence in medical imaging

that artificial intelligence (AI) is here to stay. Although most of the basic concepts of modern AI technology date back to the second half of the previous century, the enormous increment in data and computational power over the past decade has enabled it to demonstrate its full potential. A branch of AI known as machine learning has been responsible for most of the progress, with remarkable results: from generating hyper-realistic fake images [1] to the detection of lymph node metastases in women with breast cancer [2].