Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deterministic equivalence for noisy perturbations

We prove a quantitative deterministic equivalence theorem for the logarithmic potentials of deterministic complex N × N matrices subject to small random perturbations. We show that with probability close to 1 this log-potential is, up to a small error, determined by the singular values of the unperturbed matrix which are larger than some small N-dependent cutoff parameter.
Learning to Catch Security Patches

Timely patching is paramount to safeguard users and maintainers against dire consequences of malicious attacks. In practice, patching is prioritized following the nature of the code change that is committed in the code repository. When such a change is labeled as being security-relevant, i.e., as fixing a vulnerability, maintainers rapidly spread the change and users are notified about the need to update to a new version of the library or of the application. Unfortunately, oftentimes, some security-relevant changes go unnoticed as they represent silent fixes of vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a Co-Training-based approach to catch security patches as part of an automatic monitoring service of code repositories. Leveraging different classes of features, we empirically show that such automation is feasible and can yield a precision of over 90% in identifying security patches, with an unprecedented recall of over 80%. Beyond such a benchmarking with ground truth data which demonstrates an improvement over the state-of-the-art, we confirmed that our approach can help catch security patches that were not reported as such.
The gauge symmetries of f(R) gravity with torsion in the Cartan formalism

First-order general relativity in n dimensions () has an internal gauge symmetry that is the higher-dimensional generalization of three-dimensional local translations. We report the extension of this symmetry for n-dimensional gravity with torsion in the Cartan formalism. The new symmetry arises from the direct application of the converse of Noether’s second theorem to the action principle of gravity with torsion. We show that infinitesimal diffeomorphisms can be written as a linear combination of the new internal gauge symmetry, local Lorentz transformations, and terms proportional to the variational derivatives of the action. It means that the new internal symmetry together with local Lorentz transformations can be used to describe the full gauge symmetry of gravity with torsion, and thus diffeomorphisms become a derived symmetry in this setting.
Production of Isomalto-Oligosaccharides from Available Economic Starchy Materials

Isomalto-oligosaccharides have a great potential to improve the physiochemical quality of many foods as anti-fading agent for food pigments, as prebiotic, food antioxidant and as a sweetener. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been applied in the production of many fermented foods (Couto and Sanroman, 2006). Various fungi have been used in order to produce amylolytic enzymes for starch degradation. Many fungal amylolytic enzymes are used to advantage in prebiotic oligosaccharide production. Isomaltooligosaccharides which are known as prebiotic branched-oligosaccharides have been synthesized from starchy grains (Kuriki et al, 1993; Pan and Lee, 2005). The effects of agricultural substrate and fungal strain were studied to maximize the isomaltooligosaccharides yield. The production of Isomalto-oligosaccharides by fungal fermentation using available economic starchy materials as wheat, white corn, and starch was investigated. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of economic crops of Egypt to produce prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides using the process of solid state fungal fermentation. Solid state fermentation with Aspergillus Oryzae EMCC 126 was studied to increase the isomalto-oligosaccharides yield. Results show that the fermentation of wheat with A. Oryzae produced the highest concentrations of total reducing sugar (460.8 mg/g) and free amino nitrogen (20.3 mg/g) with the highest levels of amylolytic activity (87.0 U/g), α-amylase (32.5 U/g) and α-glucosidase (1.2 U/g) compared with that produced from fermentation of white corn or starch. The appropriate fermentation time for 5 days, the fermented wheat slurry was experimented on further in mashing for syrup production. The obtained wheat syrup contained the highest amounts of isomaltose, panose, and isomaltotriose, which were detected by very small amounts in the syrup of corn and starch.
Chapter 8 Consumption and Portfolio Choice under Uncertainty

In these inter-temporal models, consumption does not depend on current household income but on total household wealth, which consists of its current portfolio of assets, plus the present value of expected future labor income. In this sense, consumption smooths temporary changes in income, as it depends on the “permanent income” (Friedman 1957) or the “life cycle income” of the household (Modigliani Brumberg 1954).
The Effects of Nicotine on Foetal Loss, Postnatal Growth and Plasma Oestrogen and Progesterone Levels in Rats

Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the effects of nicotine on foetal loss, postnatal growth and corresponding levels of oestrogen and progesterone in pregnant rats. Method: Subcutaneous injection of nicotine tartrate (7.5 mg/kg/day) was administered to groups of pregnant rats; with treatment scheduled from day 1 through day 5, day 5 through day 9 or day 1 through day 9 of pregnancy. On day 10 of pregnancy, laparotomy was performed to count the number of blastocyst implantation sites. During parturition, the number of viable pups was recounted and statistically compared with the controls. One group of rats which received nicotine from day 1 through day 9 of pregnancy was sacrificed on day 16 of pregnancy, and circulating levels of oestrogen and progesterone were measured. Upon delivery, the birth weight of the pups was measured, and their weights were recorded until weaning. Result: There was a significant increase in foetal loss particularly in rats which received nicotine from day 5 through day 9 and from day 1 through day 9 of pregnancy. There was also significantly lower birth weight of pups in all groups; however, this pattern did not continue until weaning. Plasma oestrogen level was significantly elevated with a significant decrease in the plasma progesterone level. Conclusion: Nicotine administration during pregnancy showed an increase in foetal loss with a corresponding increase in oestrogen and decrease in progesterone levels. Although the birth weight of the pups was low, there was catch-up growth in the pups.
Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Potentilla Reptans L. in the Adult Male Rat

Introduction: Medicinal plants have been a focus of attention to researchers due to their fewer side effects in treating diseases comared to chemical drugs. Some health properties of medicinal plants such as anti-hypercholesterolemia and antioxidant effects of Potentilla reptans have been proven. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and analgesic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Potentilla reptans L. (HEP) in the male rat. Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male rats were divided into 6 groups, including: control group (normal saline), morphine group (1mg/kg), HEP groups (treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), and naloxone group (200 mg/kg). Writhing, formalin and tail-flick tests were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of the extract. In order to analyze the study data, variance and Tukey test were applied. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that in writhing test (P<0.05 and P<0.001 respectively), formalin test (P<0.05, P<0.001) and tail-flick test (P<0.05, P<0.01); the injection of 50, and 100mg/kg dose of the extract produced significant analgesic effects compared with the control group. 50mg/kg dose of Naloxone injection extract has shown a significant analgesic effect in the formalin test (P<0.05). In addition, the effect of the analgesic dose of 100mg/kg of the extract in formalin test was similar to that of morphine. Conclusions: The findings of the current study revealed that Potentilla reptans L. (HEP) has a significant analgesic effect. Opioid pathway seems to be one of the possible mechanisms of extract effects, which further clinical trials are recommended in this case.
Clarifying the Identity of the Enigmatic Mistletoe Cladocolea biflora (Loranthaceae)

Abstract. Since its description almost 40 years ago, the mistletoe Cladocolea biflora (Loranthaceae) has been considered an extraordinary species due to its combinations of unique morphological characters, which made it difficult to confidently assign it to any of the extant genera of Neotropical Loranthaceae. In this contribution, we propose that the specimen from which C. biflora was described does not represent a mistletoe but instead the hemiparasitic tree Schoepfia schreberi (Schoepfiaceae). Morphological characters evaluated to justify this decision and taxonomic implications are discussed, and a synonymization of C. biflora under S. schreberi is proposed.
Parental Investment and the Coordination of Parental Activity in the Fieldfare Turdus pilaris

Abstract We investigated the division of provisioning between Fieldfare Turdus pilaris mates as well as synchronisation and alternation of parental feeding trips. We found that parents equally participated in provisioning of older nestlings, but males provisioned young nestlings more than their mates. Synchronisation between parents was higher during the early nestling stage, when they alternated more than during the whole nestling stage. During the early nestling stage alternation was correlated with parental share in provisioning, suggesting that alternation may ensure more equal participation of each parent in provisioning. However, we did not find an analogous relationship between alternation and provisioning during the late nestling stage.
The Delimitation of the South African Heliophila brachycarpa and Two Related Species (Brassicaceae)

Abstract. Typification of Heliophila brachycarpa, H. florulenta, H. glauca, and H. sclerophylla is established. The second species has been erroneously synonymized with the first for the past 50 years, and the first three are recognized as distinct, whereas the last is reduced to synonymy of the third.
Imaging response predictors following drug eluting beads chemoembolization in the neoadjuvant liver transplant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) is an endovascular treatment to release chemotherapeutic agents within a target lesion, minimizing systemic exposure and adverse effects to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, identifying which patient characteristics may predict imaging response to DEB-TACE can improve treatment results while selecting the best candidates. Predictors of the response after DEB-TACE still have not been fully elucidated. This is the first prospective study performed with standardized DEB-TACE technique that aim to identify predictors of radiological response, assessing patients clinical and laboratory characteristics, diagnostic imaging and intraprocedure data of the hepatocellular carcinoma treated in the neoadjuvant context for liver transplantation. AIM To identify pre- and intraoperative clinical and imaging predictors of the radiological response of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) for the neoadjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS This is prospective, cohort study, performed in a single transplant center, from 2011 to 2014. Consecutive patients with HCC considered for liver transplant who underwent DEB-TACE in the first session for downstaging or bridging purposes were recruited. Pre and post-chemoembolization imaging studies were performed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance. The radiological response of each individual HCC was evaluated by objective response using mRECIST and the percentage of necrosis. RESULTS Two hundred patients with 380 HCCs were examined. Analysis of the objective response (nodule-based analysis) demonstrated that HCC with pseudocapsules had a 2.01 times greater chance of being responders than those without pseudocapsules (P = 0.01), and the addition of every 1mg of chemoembolic agent increased the chance of therapeutic response in 4% (P < 0.001). Analysis of the percentage of necrosis through multiple linear regression revealed that the addition of each 1mg of the chemoembolic agent caused an average increase of 0.65% (P < 0.001) in necrosis in the treated lesion, whereas the hepatocellular carcinoma with pseudocapsules presented 18.27% (P < 0.001) increased necrosis compared to those without pseudocapsules. CONCLUSION The presence of a pseudocapsule and the addition of the amount of chemoembolic agent increases the chance of an objective response in hepatocellular carcinoma and increases the percentage of tumor necrosis following drug-eluting bead chemoembolization in the neoadjuvant treatment, prior to liver transplantation.
Development of Non-contact Home Monitoring System for Infant Respiration to Prevent SIDS

Sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) continues to be general cause of infant death. Also, apnea is supposed to be one of the main risk factor of SIDS. Therefore, Infant`s respiratory monitoring and real-time apnea detection is very important to prevent SIDS. In this study, we proposed a non-contact home monitoring system for infant`s respiration using Doppler radar in order to prevent SIDS. The respiration data were acquired from a commercialized baby simulator(Simbaby) using a Doppler radar. To evaluate a performance of the proposed system, the simulator was placed in a supine and prone position and the chest belt was used simultaneously as a reference signal. As a result, correlation coefficients between respiration rates of Doppler radar and the chest belt in each position were 0.95(p standard deviation) in supine and in prone from Bland-Altman analysis. The results indicated an excellent performance in detecting apnea with a sensitivity of 100% and a positive predictive value of 100% in each posture respectively. These results demonstrated that a proposed Doppler radar system is suitable for non-contact respiratory monitoring in order to prevent SIDS of infant.
PREPARATION OF ENTERIC COATED BEADS BY COACERVATION TECHNIQUE-A REVIEW

NSAID drugs having analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects are being widely administered orally in the treatment of mild to severe pain particularly for rheumatoid arthritis and osteo arthritis patients. Tolerance or addiction to these drugs is not generally a problem with their continuous use in the treatment of pain or in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory states. However, these drugs generally have a higher potential for adverse side effects at the upper concentration of their effective dose range therefore, it is important that such non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be accurately measured and administered orally. The non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Ibuprofen and Naproxen have been widely prescribed by physicians. These drugs are in general tolerated well by most patients and provide an effective means for control of pain and inflammatory processes, particularly for the rheumatoid arthritis and osteo arthritis patients. However, most frequent adverse effects occurring with administration of Naproxen are gastro intestinal ulceration and bleeding. Enteric coated beads in which the drug is dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix efforts some protection to the gastro intestinal mucosa.
Detecting GPS Jamming Incidents in OpenSky Data

GPS is used widely to determine the location of objects across the world. Getting an accurate position is a must, however, jamming signals can adversely affect the precision of received GPS signals. Thus, countermeasures are required to detect such attacks. In this paper, a new GPS jamming detection scheme is proposed to explore real-world GPS jamming incidents on air traffic data. The approach utilizes and investigates on the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data from OpenSky receivers to detect the jamming attacks. To our knowledge, this work is the first to address GPS jamming detection based on ADS-B quality metrics. The core idea behind this scheme is based on observing the distribution of received data from aircraft under normal situation and use it later to check if there is a jamming attack. More precisely, we consider the Navigation Accuracy Category for position (NACp) parameter, whose value ranges from 0 to 15 and is indicative of the aircraft’s Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU), as a basis to build the distribution of normal traffic across all NACp categories. In addition, we build the distribution of NaNs values of received location from aircraft for all covered OpenSky receivers at a specific location. Lastly, the distribution for each aircraft at this location is also observed and analyzed. After that, we evaluate the proposed approach by using real incidents to check its effectiveness.
Quality of life of patients with an intestinal stoma constructed in the course of treatment of rectal and sigmoid colon cancer

Introduction: The increased human life span is accompanied by a growing number of carcinomas, including colorectal cancer. This is due not only to genetic conditioning but also exposure to hazardous factors present in the environment. A stoma is the consequence of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. Aim of the research: The objective of the study is to determine the level of quality of life of patients with an intestinal stoma, which would allow an evaluation of the effect of a stoma on the bio-psychosocial functioning of patients, as well as precise specification of discomfort of living with a stoma. Material and methods: The study was conducted during the period from January to April 2015, in the Surgical Clinic of the Regional Cancer Centre in Kielce, and included 102 patients with a stoma, aged 35–75. The study group included 65 males and 37 females, with a stoma constructed mainly from the sigmoid colon or rectum within various periods after surgical treatment. The method of a diagnostic survey was applied, and a questionnaire was selected as the research instrument. The patients were both rural and urban inhabitants. Statistical calculations were performed using the χ2 test. Results: Based on the analysis of the results of the study, the quality of life of patients with an intestinal stoma formed in the course of surgical treatment of sigmoid colon and rectal cancer was investigated. The quality of life of patients is at a medium level (neither good nor poor). Conclusions: The quality of life of patients with an intestinal stoma depends on the degree of acceptance of the stoma and the present body image. The quality of life of patients with an intestinal stoma depends on the duration of the disease and of the stoma. There is no relationship between the degree of acceptance of the stoma by the patient and support received from family and friends. The stoma affects the quality of the sex life of patients.
ZnO Nanowire Field Effect Transistor for Biosensing: A Review

The last 19 years have seen intense research made on zinc oxide (ZnO) material mainly due to the ability of converting the natural n-type material into p-type. For a long time, the p-type state was impossible to attain and maintain. The review focuses on ways of improving the doped ZnO material which acts as a channel for nanowire field effect transistor (NWFET) and biosensor. The biosensor has specific binding which is called functionalisation achieved by attaching a variety of compounds on the designated sensing area. Reference electrodes and buffers are used as controllers. Top-down fabrication processes are preferred over bottom-up because they pave way for mass production. Different growth techniques are reviewed and discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of the FET and sensor are also reviewed.
Simulation modeling for wetland utilization and protection based on system dynamic model in a coastal city, China

Wetlands are distributed between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem with unique hydrological and biological characteristics. However, increased human activities have caused wetland destroyed at alarming rates. Wetland conservation has become world’s focus. Tianjin as one of China’s developed cities is drawing the attention of the world. The wetland ecosystems in this area have been recognized for providing various ecological functions. Therefore, study on wetland utilization and conservation for this area is of great significance. This research deals with the dynamic simulation modeling of wetlands utilization and protection, and analysis on potential sustainable management policies. The objective of the study is to find a balance between economic development and wetland protection in this region. To this end, a system dynamic model for wetland management was constructed. The model was based on the analysis of 24 indexes and five subsystems, which are population, ecological, environmental, scientific, economic and social system. The statistical data in Tianjin from 1990 to 2008 have been used to verify the model. We also selected six typical models for scenario simulation in 2010, 2030 and 2050.The results show that: (1) Current wetland management approaches lead to wetland degradation; (2) Different scenario runs reveal that the other five wetland management models have obvious advantages; (3) The major causes for wetland degradation are unreasonable industry structure and environmental pollution. As for the alternative policies tested, ‘controlling population’, ‘improving wetland restoration technology’, and ‘improving industry structure’ are sustainable policies that lead to better conditions. Thus, we suggested that ecological protection, population control and industrial structure adjustment are sustainable approaches to achieve wetland wise utilization and protection in this area. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. * Corresponding author. Tel. : +86-022-59812345-227; fax: +86-022-59812389 E-mail address: x.c. zhang@163.com; motzxc@gmail.com 11 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of School of Environment, Beijing Normal University. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. 203 C. Ma et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 13 (2012) 202 – 213 C.Ma et al./ Procedia Environmental Sciences 8 (2011) 202–213 203