Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in lower extremity kinematics between a bilateral drop-vertical jump and a single-leg step-down.

STUDY DESIGN Mixed-model, repeated-measures design in a laboratory setting. OBJECTIVES To examine the differences in hip, knee, and ankle kinematics between a bilateral drop-vertical jump and single-leg step-down. A secondary purpose was to examine gender differences in kinematics of the tasks. BACKGROUND Both a drop-vertical jump and step-down task have been used to evaluate lower extremity movement and injury risk. The differences in joint angles between these tasks have not been reported. METHODS AND MEASURES Three-dimensional joint angles of the hip, knee, and ankle of 19 females and 18 males were evaluated with a high-speed camera system while the subjects performed a bilateral drop-vertical jump and a single-leg step-down. Maximum joint angles were compared between tasks and genders using ANOVA models. eversion (12 degrees compared to 8 degrees) (P<.0005) and hip adduction (16 degrees compared to 1 degrees) (P= .03) than the drop-vertical jump. Females had greater hip internal rotation in the step-down than in the drop-vertical jump (5 degrees compared to 2 degrees) (P = .02). When averaged across both tasks, females had greater knee abduction than males in both tasks (4 degrees compared to 0 degrees) (P<.0005). CONCLUSIONS The unilateral step-down task produced greater motion in the frontal and transverse planes at the ankle and hip, and would be appropriate in evaluating control of the hip. The bilateral drop-vertical jump produced greater knee abduction in both genders and may be appropriate for evaluating excessive knee abduction as a risk factor for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury, for example. The 2 tasks appear to challenge the neuromuscular system in different manners, and both should continue to be used in the investigation of injury risk.
The acute toxicity of di-isopropyl fluorophosphate.

1. The cholinergic signs observed in normal unanesthetized mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and cats after administration of di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) by different routes of administration have been described briefly. 2. The acute median lethal doses of DFP after intravenous administration in 52 rabbits, 38 dogs and 83 cats; subcutaneous injection in 50 mice, intramuscular injection in 60 rats; and oral administration in 45 mice and 50 rabbits have been determined. 3. The LD509s and the standard errors for the several series of experiments were as follows: [See table in the PDF file]
GSK-3beta negatively regulates skeletal myotube hypertrophy.

To determine whether changes in glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phosphorylation contribute to muscle hypertrophy, we delineated the effects of GSK-3beta activity on C(2)C(12) myotube size. We also examined possible insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling of NFAT (nuclear factors of activated T cells)-inducible gene activity and possible modulation of NFAT activation by GSK-3beta. Application of IGF-I (250 ng/ml) or LiCl (10 mM) alone (i.e., both inhibit GSK-3beta activity) increased the area of C(2)C(12) myotubes by 80 and 85%, respectively. The application of IGF-I (250 ng/ml) elevated GSK-3beta phosphorylation and reduced GSK-3beta kinase activity by approximately 800% and approximately 25%, respectively. LY-294002 (100 microM) and wortmannin (150 microM), specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, attenuated IGF-I-induced GSK-3beta phosphorylation by 67 and 92%, respectively. IGF-I suppressed the kinase activity of GSK-3beta. IGF-I (250 ng/ml), but not LiCl (10 mM), induced an increase in NFAT-activated luciferase reporter activity. Cotransfection of a constitutively active GSK-3beta (cGSK-3beta) inhibited the induction by IGF-I of NFAT-inducible reporter activity. LiCl, which inhibits GSK-3beta, removed the block by cGSK-3beta on IGF-I-inducible NFAT-responsive reporter gene activity. These data suggest that the IGF-I-induced increase in skeletal myotube size is signaled, in part, through the inhibition of GSK-3beta.
Quality and functionality of saffron: quality control, species assortment and affinity of extract and isolated saffron compounds to NMDA and sigma1 (sigma-1) receptors.

Extracts from saffron, the dried stigmata from Crocus sativus L. , are being used more and more in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and depression. Because of the known quality problems of saffron, HPLC methods on RP(18) 2.5 microm and monolithic RP(18) material have been developed and validated for quality control including the quantification of crocins 1 to 5, crocetin, picrocrocin and the degradation products, the CIS-crocins. Additionally, a GC-MS method has allowed detection and quantification of the volatile compounds from the pentane extract of saffron. Both systems together allowed the comprehensive characterisation of saffron herbal material and extracts for clinical/preclinical trials. For effective preparation of the respective reference standards, a fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) method was developed allowing the quick isolation of crocins 1, 2, 5 and picrocrocin in good yields. Using these chromatographic methods and the reference standards, a representative survey of saffron from the global market indicated a high variability of quality, especially concerning the amounts of volatile compounds in saffron samples. A specification for high-quality saffron of >20% crocins, >6% picrocrocin and not less than 0.3% of volatiles, calculated as sum of safranal, isophorone and ketoisophorone, was developed. Because no detailed pharmacological studies are available to explain the clinical effects of saffron for the treatment of cancer and depression, receptor binding studies were performed. Saffron extracts and crocetin had a clear binding capacity at the PCP binding side of the NMDA receptor and at the sigma(1) receptor, while the crocins and picrocrocin were not effective. These data could give biochemical support for the above-mentioned pharmacological effects of saffron.
Purinergic modulation of adult guinea pig cardiomyocytes in long term cultures and co-cultures with extracardiac or intrinsic cardiac neurones.

OBJECTIVE To determine the capacity of ATP to modify cardiomyocytes directly or indirectly via peripheral autonomic neurones, the effects of various purinergic agents were studied on long term cultures of adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes and their co-cultures with extracardiac (stellate ganglion) or intrinsic cardiac neurones. METHODS Ventricular myocytes and cardiac neurones were enzymatically dissociated and plated together or alone (myocytes only). Myocyte cultures were used for experiments after three to six weeks. The electrical and contractile properties of cultured myocytes and myocyte-neuronal networks were investigated. RESULTS The spontaneous beating frequency of ventricular myocytes co-cultured with stellate ganglion neurones increased by approximately 140% (p < 0.001) following superfusion with 10(-5) M ATP. This effect was not modified significantly by tetrodotoxin or by beta adrenoceptor blockade (10(-5) M timolol), but was eliminated following application of the P2 antagonist suramin (10(-5) M). Basal spontaneous contractile rate was reduced by approximately 86% (p < 0.001) in the presence of suramin, indicating the existence of tonically active purinergic synaptic mechanisms in stellate ganglion neurone-myocyte cocultures. Suramin did not significantly affect non-innervated myocyte cultures. ATP increased myocyte contractile rate in intrinsic cardiac neurone-myocyte co-cultures by approximately 40% (p < 0.01) under control conditions, but when beta adrenergic receptors of tetrodotoxin sensitive neural responses were blocked, ATP induced greater augmentation (> 100%). In contrast, ATP induced much smaller effects in non-innervated myocyte cultures (approximately 26%, p < 0.01). Analogues of AT) showed the following order of potency: ATP > UTP > MSATP > beta gamma ATP > alpha beta ATP. Adenosine (10(-4) M) attenuated the beating frequency of myocytes in both types of co-culture, while not significantly affecting non-innervated myocyte cultures. CONCLUSIONS The experimental model used in this study showed that extrinsic and intrinsic cardiac neurones which possess P2 receptors can greatly enhance cardiac myocyte contractile rate when activated by ATP. Since adenosine reduced contractile rate in both types of co-cultures while not affecting non-innervated myocytes, it is concluded that some of these neurones possess P1 receptors.
Perforated gastric diverticulum with bleeding

A 42-year-oldman presentedwith a 3-day history of epigastric pain and tarry stools. On physical examination the hemodynamics were stable, and the patient had a pallor and mild epigastric tenderness. Blood tests revealed a hemoglobin level of 7.7g/dL, and a chest X-ray showed a rim of free gas under the diaphragm. On abdominal computed tomography, focal dilatation was noted over the greater curve of the stomach, exaggerated by the presence of organized debris with hyperdensities suspicious of blood or food particles (●" Fig.1). In view of his stable condition, the patient was treated conservatively. However, on follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) 2 weeks later, a 4-cm outpouching, containing small amounts of coffee-ground substances and food residue, was noted on the greater curvature of the stomach (●" Fig.2). Overall, the features were suggestive of a gastric diverticulum that had previously bled and was perforated. The patient underwent laparoscopic-stapled diverticulectomy, and pathological examination revealed gastric mucosal herniations without muscular coating, compatible with a false diverticulum of the stomach. Gastric diverticulum is a rare diverticulum with around 200 cases reported in the literature [1], with a prevalence between 0.01% and 0.11% [2,3]. There is no gender predilection and the presenting age ranges from 20 to 60 years. Most individuals remain asymptomatic but complications such as bleeding and perforation can occur [1,2,4]. Gastric diverticula can be congenital or acquired [5]. The congenital diverticula are true diverticula and account for 72% of all cases [4]. They are usually within 2–3cm of the esophagogastric junction and are believed to occur as a result of intrauterine malformation or interruption of fetal development. Acquired diverticula are false diverticula, containing only the gastric mucosa. These diverticula may be due to gastric outlet obstruction, repeated vomiting, acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or hepatic or splenic adhesions. Surgical resection is the recommended treatment in symptomatic patients, with laparoscopic diverticulectomy being the preferred approach.
Ranibizumab Treatment of Patients With Ocular Diseases

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a debilitating ocular disease that can eventually cause visual loss, is the leading cause of blindness among the elderly in the United States. An estimated 1.75 million people in the United States have AMD, and 200,000 new cases of AMD are diagnosed each year. Previously available treatments for neovascular AMD slowed visual loss, but did not result in visual improvement in most patients. The first promising new treatment for neovascular AMD beyond thermal laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin (Visudyne, Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland), received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2000 for the treatment of patients with predominantly classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD. PDT with verteporfin was approved in the European Union (EU) in 2000 and 2002 for the treatment of patients with predominantly classic CNV or occult CNV, respectively, secondary to AMD. PDT with verteporfin is a destructive treatment approach that targets the CNV secondary to AMD, but not the underlying pathology of the disease. PDT with verteporfin slows visual loss but does not improve vision in patients with neovascular AMD. After 12 months, 61% of PDT-treated patients lost <15 letters compared with 46% of patients who received placebo. Although this represented an improvement over laser photocoagulation, in the United States PDT with verteporfin treatment is only recommended for patients with predominantly classic CNV secondary to AMD and in the EU it is only approved for predominantly classic CNVor occult CNV. PDT with verteporfin treatment is associated with a high rate of CNV recurrence; as a result, many patients require retreatment.
PROCESSING VIDEOS USING PARALLEL COMPUTING: A NOVEL APPROACH

In this paper, the proposed framework is presented that supports acquiring high-resolution video’s from the low-resolution. The high-resolution videos could be used in tagging, identifying and tracking people. We concentrate on two aspects. One, data simplification method as the algorithm required for conversion large amount of data processing which is run in parallel. Second, is building a parallel video processing techniques as pipeline for analyzing image modules such as face detection, recognition and tracking so that multiple people can be identified more efficiently and smoothly with increased performance and computational efficiency. Parallel processing techniques makes the use of super resolution algorithm obsolete for major modification in generating high-resolution video images. Recognition of multiple people with super resolution can be tracked from real time live videos or it could be recorded one
Current status of interleukin-10 and regulatory T-cells in cancer

Purpose of review Tumor growth elicits antigen-specific cytotoxic as well as immune suppressive responses. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key immune-suppressive cytokine produced by regulatory T-cells and by helper T-cells. Here, we review pleiotropic functions of IL-10 that impact the immune pathology of cancer. Recent findings The role of IL-10 in cancer has become less certain with the knowledge of its immune stimulatory functions. IL-10 is needed for T-helper cell functions, T-cell immune surveillance, and suppression of cancer-associated inflammation. By promoting tumor-specific immune surveillance and hindering pathogenic inflammation, IL-10 is emerging as a key cytokine in the battle of the host against cancer. Summary IL-10 functions at the cross-roads of immune stimulation and immune suppression in cancer. Immunological mechanisms of action of IL-10 can be ultimately exploited to develop novel and effective cancer therapies.
Safety and tolerability of the tafluprost/timolol fixed combination for the treatment of glaucoma

Introduction: The preservative-free (PF) fixed combination (FC) of tafluprost 0.0015%/timolol 0.5% is the newest member of the prostaglandin analogue/timolol FC class. Areas covered: In this review, we summarize data on safety and tolerability of this FC. Expert opinion: The intraocular pressure-lowering effect of the tafluprost/timolol FC is approximately 30 – 35%, which is similar to that of the other members of the class. However, in contrast to most similar eye drops the tafluprost/timolol FC is manufactured in a PF, unit-dose pipette formulation. The PF nature eliminates preservative-related ocular surface changes, and improves tolerability. In clinical studies, the tafluprost/timolol FC was well tolerated. The side effects represented the typical side effects of the topical prostaglandin analogue class. The most common side effect, conjunctival hyperemia was mild, and occurred in only 6.4 – 8% of patients during 6 months of treatment. The figures for ocular irritation were also low (7.0 – 12.7%). The other side effects occurred only in very few patients. The frequency and severity of conjunctival hyperemia was lower than those published for most prostaglandin/timolol FCs. Thus, the main clinical advantage of this PF FC is improved tolerability, which may support treatment adherence of glaucoma patients.
Major Circadian Variations of Glucose Homeostasis in a Patient with Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome and Primary Insulin Resistance Due to a Mutation(Cys284 → Tyr) in the Insulin Receptor α-Subunit

We have performed clinical, in vitro biochemical, and genetic studies of a patient with severe insulin resistance, considerable growth restriction, and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (patient RM-3). The blood IGF-I level was undetectable in this patient, although the GH level was moderately decreased. During the postprandial period, glycemia, ketonuria, and plasma glucagon were very elevated despite high doses of exogenous insulin (glucose levels up to 30 mmol/L). In the postabsorptive state, blood glucose was normalized with small amounts of insulin; ketonuria, and glucagon levels were reduced but remained supranormal. Erythrocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts from the patient displayed a decrease in cell surface insulin receptors (IRs). The ability of physiologic concentrations of insulin to stimulate metabolic processes was altered in patient fibroblasts. Analysis of the IR gene by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing showed a homozygous missense mutation in exon 3, replacing Cys284 by Tyr in theα-subunit. In conclusion, marked primary insulin resistance was evidenced in patient cells as a result of a structural alteration in the IRα-subunit. The in vitro studies could not account alone for the in vivo metabolic alterations because glucose homeostasis varied considerably during the day in the patient.
Recognition and Measurement Standards of Financial Instruments in China

This paper finds that the newly published financial instrument standards are better set up and more complete compared with the old one.However,as a result of limited time and lack of deep research on basic concepts,the drafters are unasserted of the reliability of fair value measurement,the new standards still leave much to be desired.There still remain such flaws as the non-canonical format,ambiguous concepts,ill-grounded theoretical base and the incomplete guidance of fair value measurement.
Transient stability impacts from distribution connected wind farms

Wind generation penetration levels are increasing in power systems across the world. Along with transmission connected wind farms, distribution connected wind farms are becoming more prevalent in power systems. How these distribution connected farms control reactive power is of concern to the transmission system operator. This paper examines a hybrid system, where the transmission system is modeled with a significant penetration level of radial distribution feeders connected to a collection of small wind farms. By varying control strategies at the distribution farms the impacts of the reactive power control strategy implemented by the wind farms are observed. It aims to show that the additional impedance of the distribution system will have unintended consequences on the transmission system and the application of voltage control is less critical.
Software to record 24-hour food recall: application in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents.

INTRODUCTION The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) is a national multicenter study whose purpose is to describe the cardiovascular risk profile, including obesity, changes in lipid and glucose metabolism, and blood pressure, of about 75,000 Brazilian adolescents. OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a tool for data collection of 24-hour food recall (REC24h) in ERICA and to report its performance in the pilot study. METHODS The Multiple Pass Method was used for the development of the computer program that guides REC24h interview. REC24h-ERICA uses a database composed of 1,626 food items including preparation methods and units of predefined portion sizes. Food consumption data are obtained through interviews and entered directly into REC24h-ERICA, avoiding the use of paper. RESULTS The pilot study included 1,367 adolescents, of which 1,047 (77%) responded to REC24h. The researchers did not report difficulties in program use, the average duration of interviews was 20 minutes and the interviewers inserted 50 new food items. CONCLUSION The program developed was proven suitable for use in large-population studies, even in a country like Brazil, where there is great diversity in eating habits.
Are Developing Countries Better Off Spending Their Oil Wealth Upfront?

We question the conventional view that it is optimal for government to maintain a stable level of spending out of oil wealth. We compare this conventional policy recommendation with one where government spends all of its oil revenues upfront, at the same rate as oil is extracted. Using a neoclassical growth model with positive external effects of public spending on consumption and productivity, we find that, if the economy is growing along the steady-state balanced path, the conventional view is validated. However, if the economy starts with a lower capital stock, the welfare ranking across two policies can be reversed.
Functioning and Disability Analysis of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury by Using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0

The purpose of this study is to compare traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) patients’ function and disability by using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0); and to clarify the factors that contribute to disability. We analyzed data available between September 2012 and August 2013 from Taiwan’s national disability registry which is based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Of the 2664 cases selected for the study, 1316 pertained to TBI and 1348 to SCI. A larger percentage of patients with TBI compared with those with SCI exhibited poor cognition, self-care, relationships, life activities, and participation in society (all p < 0.001). Age, sex, injury type, socioeconomic status, place of residence, and severity of impairment were determined as factors that independently contribute to disability (all p < 0.05). The WHODAS 2.0 is a generic assessment instrument which is appropriate for assessing the complex and multifaceted disability associated with TBI and SCI. Further studies are needed to validate the WHODAS 2.0 for TBI and SCI from a multidisciplinary perspective.
First report of human babesiosis in Australia

The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025729X 19 March 2012 196 5 350-352 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2012 www.mja. com.au Case reports — notable case infected red blood cells. Re-examination of the b films and recognition that the organisms did not pro hemozoin led to the presumptive diagnosis of babes infection. This was confirmed by Australian and ove experts who viewed electronic files of the slides. patient was then given intravenous quinine (600 m hourly) and clindamycin (600 mg 6-hourly) for bab ospital, rra, ACT.
The Intra-Industry Trade in Agricultural Products between China and Thailand

In the period of 1996-2003, the inter-industry trade played a leading role in agricultural trade between China and Thailand, reflecting strong complementarities between the two countries. On the other hand, results of empirical analysis indicate that the changes of agricultural trade between them in the period of 2002-2003 were caused mainly by the intra-industry trade, especially the vertical one. However, it should take more time to make conclusion whether this change can become the leading trade form in future