Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustained activation of hippocampal pyramidal cells by ‘space clamping’ in a running wheel

In contrast to sensory cortical areas of the brain, the relevant physiological inputs to the hippocampus, leading to selective activation of pyramidal cells, are largely unknown. Pyramidal cells are thought to be phasically activated by spatial cues and a variety of sensory and motor stimuli. Here, we used a behavioural ‘space clamp’ method, which involved the confinement of the actively running animal in a defined position in space (running wheel) and kept sensory inputs constant. Twelve percent of the recorded CA1 pyramidal cells were selectively active while the rat was running in the wheel. Cell firing was specific to the direction of running and disappeared after rotating the recording apparatus. The discharge frequency of pyramidal cells and interneurons was sustained as long as the rat ran continuously in the wheel. Furthermore, the discharge frequency of pyramidal cells and interneurons increased with increasing running velocity, even though the frequency of hippocampal theta waves remained constant. The discharge frequency of some ‘wheel‐related’ pyramidal cells could increase more than 10‐fold between 10 and 100 cm/s, whereas the firing rate of ‘non‐wheel’ cells remained constantly low. We hypothesize that: (i) a necessary condition for place‐specific discharge of hippocampal pyramidal cells is the presence of theta oscillation; and (ii) relevant stimuli can tonically and selectively activate hippocampal pyramidal cells as long as theta activity is present.
Food , drug , insect sting allergy , and anaphylaxis Allergen reference doses for precautionary labeling ( VITAL 2 . 0 ) : Clinical implications

Background: There has been a dramatic proliferation of precautionary labeling by manufacturers to mitigate the perceived risk from low-level contamination from allergens in food. This has resulted in a significant reduction in choice of potentially safe foods for allergic consumers. Objectives: We aimed to establish reference doses for 11 commonly allergenic foods to guide a rational approach by manufacturers based on all publically available valid oral food challenge data. Methods: Reference doses were developed from statistical dosedistribution modeling of individual thresholds of patients in a dataset of more than 55 studies of clinical oral food challenges. Sufficient valid data were available for peanut, milk, egg, and hazelnut to allow assessment of the representativeness of the data used. Results: The data were not significantly affected by the heterogeneity of the study methodology, including little effect of age on results for those foods for which sufficient numbers of adult challenge data were available (peanut and hazelnut). Thus by combining data from all studies, the eliciting dose for an
Improving 3D DRAM Fault Tolerance Through Weak Cell Aware Error Correction

Although the emerging 3D DRAM products can significantly improve the computing system performance, the relatively high cost is one of the most critical issues that prevent their wide real-life adoption. Intuitively, a strong memory fault tolerance can be leveraged to reduce the fabrication cost of DRAM dies, and the total cost will reduce if the fabrication cost saving can off-set the cost overhead of memory fault tolerance. Nevertheless, such a simple concept can be a practically viable option only for 3D DRAM because: (1) The stacked logic die can solely implement memory fault tolerance inside 3D DRAM chips, obviating any changes on the host CPUs and CPU-DRAM interfaces. (2) With the total ownership of both the logic die and DRAM dies inside 3D DRAM chips, DRAM manufacturers can fully exploit the potential to truly minimize the 3D DRAM bit cost. Following this intuition, we developed a 3D DRAM fault tolerance design strategy. It can achieve a very strong tolerance to weak DRAM cells at very small redundancy and latency overhead. The key is to cohesively leverage the detectability of weak cells and runtime configurability of error correction code (ECC) decoding. In addition, this design strategy can gracefully embrace the inaccuracy of weak cell detection (e.g., weak cell miss-detection and false-detection). We carried out thorough mathematical analysis, and the results show that, under the redundancy overhead of 1:8 (same as today’s ECC DIMM), this design strategy can tolerate the weak cell rate of as high as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-4}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-2621758.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and 6<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 10^{-5}$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq2-2621758.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> if 100 and 90 percent of all the weak cells are known in prior. Using Micron’s hybrid memory cube (HMC) 3D DRAM chips as the test vehicle, we evaluated the implementation cost and the results show that it only consumes less than 0.4 mm<sup>2</sup> (45 nm node) on the logic die. Using CPU and DRAM simulators, we further carried out simulations over a variety of computing benchmarks and the results show that this design solution only incurs less than 2 percent performance degradation on average.
Does giving up substance use work for patients with psychosis? A systematic meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the extent to which ceasing the use of cannabis or other substances reduces the symptoms and social disability associated with psychotic illness. Methods: The electronic databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed publications in English that report data about the characteristics of current and former substance-using patients diagnosed with psychotic illnesses. The searches yielded 328 articles, of which 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four key outcome variables; positive symptoms, negative symptoms, ratings of depression and global function, and five other measures of outcome that were reported in five or more studies were examined using meta-analysis. Results: Current substance-using patients were significantly younger than former substance-using patients (standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.38), but did not differ in age at onset of psychosis, sex, level of education or marital status. Current substance users had higher scores on rating scales of positive symptoms (SMD = 0.29) and depression (SMD = 0.36), and lower scores on global function (SMD = −0.26) when compared with former substance users. There was a significant improvement in the ratings of positive symptoms, mood and global function among patients who stopped using substances during the first episode of psychosis, while improvements in the symptoms of patients with a more established psychotic illness did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that substance use contributes to both the symptoms and the burden of disability experienced by patients with psychosis. Patients in the early stages of psychotic illness should be informed about the benefits of giving up substances earlier, rather than later in the illness. Psychiatric services should regard the treatment of substance use as an integral part of the treatment of psychotic disorders.
Framing the debate: the union's campaign. [Paper in: Whose Choices? Analysis of the Current Industrial Relations 'Reforms'.]

The union campaign, 'Rights at Work Worth Fighting For' has struck a chord. The emphasis on rights as workers has connected to people's rights to be a person, not a cog in the productivity machine. The 'Rights at Work' campaign has focused on the right to spend time with family, friends and community and the right to fairness at work. The government has clearly put these rights under threat with its proposed industrial relations legislation. As John Robertson, secretary of Unions NSW, in a speech to a state-wide Sky Channel meeting put it, "what the government is proposing is scary" (Robertson, 2005). Members of the government seem to agree: Glenn Milne in The Australian (31-10-05) quotes unnamed MPs saying, "IR is really just off the rails. The public is frightened. "
Advancing Social Equity Analysis in Transportation with the Concept of Accessibility

Despite notable recent advancements in federal regulations that have institutionalized equity analysis in the field of transportation, planners face a lack of guidance in their efforts to advance social justice. Practicing planners have regularly carried out equity analyses of their plans for more than a decade, yet their analyses rarely uncover the disparities that are commonly found by scholars, suggesting shortcomings in current practice. This paper explains why social equity in transportation ought to be evaluated on the basis of accessibility metrics rather than on the mobility metrics that dominate current practice, and it identifies normative standards for carrying out evaluations in practice. Advancing Social Equity Analysis in Transportation with the Concept of Accessibility 3
Diverse Roles for T-bet in the Effector Responses Required for Resistance to Infection

The transcription factor T-bet has been most prominently linked to NK and T cell production of IFN-γ, a cytokine required for the control of a diverse array of intracellular pathogens. Indeed, in mice challenged with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, NK and T cell responses are characterized by marked increases of T-bet expression. Unexpectedly, T-bet−/− mice infected with T. gondii develop a strong NK cell IFN-γ response that controls parasite replication at the challenge site, but display high parasite burdens at secondary sites colonized by T. gondii and succumb to infection. The loss of T-bet had a modest effect on T cell production of IFN-γ but did not impact on the generation of parasite-specific T cells. However, the absence of T-bet resulted in lower T cell expression of CD11a, Ly6C, KLRG-1, and CXCR3 and fewer parasite-specific T cells at secondary sites of infection, associated with a defect in parasite control at these sites. Together, these data highlight T-bet–independent pathways to IFN-γ production and reveal a novel role for this transcription factor in coordinating the T cell responses necessary to control this infection in peripheral tissues.
A Gata2 intronic enhancer confers its pan-endothelia-specific regulation

GATA-2, a transcription factor that has been shown to play important roles in multiple organ systems during embryogenesis, has been ascribed the property of regulating the expression of numerous endothelium-specific genes. However, the transcriptional regulatory hierarchy governing Gata2 activation in endothelial cells has not been fully explored. Here, we document GATA-2 endothelial expression during embryogenesis by following GFP expression in Gata2-GFP knock-in embryos. Using founder transgenic analyses, we identified a Gata2 endothelium enhancer in the fourth intron and found that Gata2 regulation by this enhancer is restricted to the endocardial, lymphatic and vascular endothelium. Whereas disruption of three ETS-binding motifs within the enhancer diminished its activity, the ablation of its single E box extinguished endothelial enhancer-directed expression in transgenic mice. Development of the endothelium is known to require SCL (TAL1), and an SCL-E12 (SCL-Tcfe2a) heterodimer can bind the crucial E box in the enhancer in vitro. Thus, GATA-2 is expressed early in lymphatic, cardiac and blood vascular endothelial cells, and the pan-endothelium-specific expression of Gata2 is controlled by a discrete intronic enhancer.
MUC4 is a novel prognostic factor of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma‐mass forming type

Complete surgical resection of the tumor is the sole approach to improve the cure rate of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma‐mass forming type (ICC‐MF). Although patients are treated by curative resection, many of them show poor outcome. Mucin (MUC)4 expression has been implicated as a marker for diagnosis and progression of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, but there is no study of the relationship between MUC4 expression and patient's prognosis in ICC‐MF. In the present study, we examined the expression profile of MUC4 in ICC‐MF tissue from 27 patients using immunohistochemistry. MUC4 was expressed in the carcinoma tissues of 10 (37%) of the 27 ICC‐MF tumors, whereas it was not expressed in normal liver tissue. Because MUC4 is an intramembrane ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 and is related with regulation of p27, we also compared the MUC4 expression with ErbB2 and p27 expressions in ICC‐MFs. The patients with MUC4 and ErbB2 double positive expression showed a short survival period compared to non‐expressing patients. MUC4 and p27 showed no relationship. The univariate analysis showed that tumor size, intrahepatic metastasis, lymph node metastasis, MUC4 expression, and MUC1 expression were statistically significant risk factors affecting the outcome of the patients with ICC‐MF. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that MUC4 expression, as well as surgical margin, were statistically significant independent risk factors. In conclusion, the results suggest that expression of MUC4 in ICC‐MF is a new independent factor for poor prognosis and is a useful marker to predict the outcome of the patients with ICC‐MF. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39:220–229.)
Optimizing the Use of Sunitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Update From Clinical Practice

ABSTRACT Sunitinib is a reference standard of care for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). While the tolerability of sunitinib is consistent across clinical studies, the impact of tolerability on clinical benefit necessitates effective therapy management, focusing on optimization of dosing, treatment duration, and management of adverse events. Managing individual tolerability concerns in clinical practice should include patient education and practical management strategies. We review the sunitinib tolerability profile in mRCC and describe practical strategies to manage adverse events in order to maximize clinical benefit. These strategies may allow long-term sunitinib treatment, thereby optimizing the available clinical efficacy.
Job satisfaction in African public administrations: a systematic review

In this study, we present a review of public agents’ job satisfaction in Africa between 1990 and 2014. Using the systematic review methodology, we analyse and put in perspective 22 English and French publications on this subject. Results suggest that work environment attributes are the most important antecedents of job satisfaction among African public servants, whereas the effects of personal and work characteristics are marginal. We also found that most of the research dedicated to job satisfaction in Africa relied primarily on theoretical frameworks developed in Western countries. This leads to unexpected results, indicating the need to fit the research models to local specificities. The consequences of job satisfaction in Africa and suggestions for future research are also discussed. Points for practitioners This contribution allows practitioners to obtain an overview of the factors that promote the satisfaction/dissatisfaction of public sector employees in Africa. It helps them identify factors on which to act for the implementation of effective personnel policies geared towards the officials’ performance and welfare. The results suggest paying attention to factors related to the working environment (such as the atmosphere at work, organisational support and working conditions) in order to enhance effectively job satisfaction in African public organisations. However, practices such as the establishment of clear objectives and procedures, autonomy, work content, and the recognition of effort are not to be overlooked.
The temporally controlled expression of Drongo, the fruit fly homolog of AGFG1, is achieved in female germline cells via P-bodies and its localization requires functional Rab11

ABSTRACT To achieve proper RNA transport and localization, RNA viruses exploit cellular vesicular trafficking pathways. AGFG1, a host protein essential for HIV-1 and Influenza A replication, has been shown to mediate release of intron-containing viral RNAs from the perinuclear region. It is still unknown what its precise role in this release is, or whether AGFG1 also participates in cytoplasmic transport. We report for the first time the expression patterns during oogenesis for Drongo, the fruit fly homolog of AGFG1. We find that temporally controlled Drongo expression is achieved by translational repression of drongo mRNA within P-bodies. Here we show a first link between the recycling endosome pathway and Drongo, and find that proper Drongo localization at the oocyte's cortex during mid-oogenesis requires functional Rab11.
Angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetes.

BACKGROUND The factors leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN) are not completely understood. Besides glycaemic control, genetic predisposition seems to play an important role for the development of DN. Genes of the renin-angiotensin system are potential candidate genes. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the gene coding for the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) has been extensively examined, but results were conflicting. METHODS We studied 658 patients with type II diabetes (n = 347 without DN, n = 311 with DN). RESULTS No difference was found in genotype distribution or allele frequencies between diabetic patients with and without nephropathy as defined by albumin excretion > or = 30 mg/day, but patients on dialysis had more frequently the DD-genotype. CONCLUSION Although we acknowledge certain problems in the design of the study the results in this large cohort suggest that the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene does not play a major role in the development of DN. They are compatible, however, with a role of the gene in progression.
Age at the time of exposure to trauma modulates the psychopathological profile in patients with early psychosis.

OBJECTIVE To examine the potential differential impact of childhood trauma, according to the age at the time of exposure, on the psychopathological profile of patients with early psychosis treated in a specialized 3-year program during the early phase of the disease. METHODS 196 subjects with early psychosis aged 18-35 years were followed up prospectively over 36 months of treatment between 2004 and 2010. Patients who had faced at least 1 experience of abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional) or neglect (physical or emotional) were classified according to age at the time of the first exposure (early trauma: before 12 years of age; late trauma: from age 12 through 16 years) and then compared with unexposed patients (nontrauma). The level of symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS Exposure to 1 or more forms of trauma before 16 years of age was present in 31.63% of patients. Comparisons over the 3 years of treatment with the nontrauma patients revealed that (1) patients with early trauma showed consistently higher levels of positive (P = .006), depressive (P = .001), manic (P = .006), and negative (P = .029) symptoms and (2) patients with late trauma showed only more negative symptoms (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the age at the time of exposure to trauma has a modulating effect on symptoms in patients with early psychosis. Various biological and psychological hypotheses can be proposed to explain this observation, and they need to be investigated in an experimental setting in order to develop therapeutic avenues.
Beyond fingerprints morphology: Chemical mapping of functional groups

Fingerprints are one the oldest biometrics used in investigations. The fingerprint morphology is considered unique and immutable and it is routinely used to identify an individual from the mark found at the crime scene. The comparison is based solely on the ridges flow and on their discontinuities (i.e. the minutiae), without considering other information possibly embedded in the fingerprint itself. In this work we used a Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy (FT-IRMS) to obtain the morphology and the chemical map of functional groups in fingerprints. The FT-IRMS technique is able to acquire hyperspectral images of the organic compounds present in the samples under examination. However both sophisticated processing and user interaction are required to process the spectra, and no fully automated procedure is currently available. We prepared a set of test fingerprints and collected the data with the FT-IRMS; we then developed an automated procedure to process the data without user interaction and were able to produce maps related to fingerprint deposits. More in details, the developed system is able to produce both integral maps, providing a summary of the contribution in a specific wavelength range, and peak maps, which show the contribution of a selected functional group. The automatic processing steps, although born with the fingerprint in mind, are fairly general, and can be applied to all fields where there is the need to process a large amount of spectra without user interaction.
A novel AIF tracking method and comparison of DCE-MRI parameters using individual and population-based AIFs in human breast cancer

Quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data requires the accurate determination of the arterial input function (AIF). A novel method for obtaining the AIF is presented here and pharmacokinetic parameters derived from individual and population-based AIFs are then compared. A Philips 3.0 T Achieva MR scanner was used to obtain 20 DCE-MRI data sets from ten breast cancer patients prior to and after one cycle of chemotherapy. Using a semi-automated method to estimate the AIF from the axillary artery, we obtain the AIF for each patient, AIFind, and compute a population-averaged AIF, AIFpop. The extended standard model is used to estimate the physiological parameters using the two types of AIFs. The mean concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) for the AIFs segmented manually and by the proposed AIF tracking approach is 0.96, indicating accurate and automatic tracking of an AIF in DCE-MRI data of the breast is possible. Regarding the kinetic parameters, the CCC values for Ktrans, vp and ve as estimated by AIFind and AIFpop are 0.65, 0.74 and 0.31, respectively, based on the region of interest analysis. The average CCC values for the voxel-by-voxel analysis are 0.76, 0.84 and 0.68 for Ktrans, vp and ve, respectively. This work indicates that Ktrans and vp show good agreement between AIFpop and AIFind while there is a weak agreement on ve.