Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospect theory and the decision to move or stay

Significance We use prospect theory and the endowment effect to provide a theoretical basis for an integrated approach to residential moving and residential staying. We link measures of risk aversion and the endowment effect to explain the tradeoff between moving and staying. We test Kahneman and Tervsky’s observation that endowment effects are especially likely in goods that are not regularly traded, e.g., houses. Their use value creates the endowment effect, which works in favor of the locational status quo, increasing the probability of staying. We analyze survey data to confirm that a general self-assessed risk aversion is important in decisions to migrate or stay, and the endowment effect, measured as tenure and duration, is a substantial factor in residential decision-making. Migration has always involved stress and risk. More risk-averse households are less likely to move, while less risk-averse households will seek out opportunities and migrate. We investigate how the theoretical contributions of prospect theory, and specifically the endowment effect, can provide new understanding about decisions whether to migrate or not. We test the hypothesis that risk aversion extends the length of stay in the dwelling and, by extension, in the local labor and housing markets. How long people remain in place is a function, we hypothesize, of their independently self-assessed propensity to take risks, after controlling for a range of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. We use the theoretical insights of prospect theory and the endowment effect (the notion of the “use value” differing from the “exchange value”) to explain the likelihood of staying after controlling for life-course events. The results confirm the explanatory power of self-assessed risk in the decision to migrate or stay and, equally important, confirm the role of the endowment effect.
Assessment of nutritional status and knowledge of students from selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria.

The significance of improving nutrition knowledge in order to have a positive influence on food choices and health should not be underestimated. This study assessed the nutritional status and knowledge of school children attending selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis. The study population was purposively drawn from secondary school students in Nigeria attending Federal Government College and State Government-owned schools. Four secondary schools were used for the study: Federal Government College (FGC), Sani Dingyadi Secondary School (SDUSS), Nagarta Secondary School (NSS) and Army Day Secondary School (ADSS). A sample of 240 school students, aged 10 to 25 years participated in the study. The measuring instruments included a questionnaire to determine the nutrition knowledge of the students. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference, measured using standard methodologies. The mean age recorded for male and female students were 18.0±1.90 and 15.7±1.20 years, respectively. The result showed that 27.9% were underweight, 7.5% overweight and 64.6% had normal BMI status. Nutritional status was significantly related with sex (χ2 = 16.169, p 0.05). The prevalence of underweight was higher among the males (33.9%) compared to the females (13.9%), while more females were overweight (15.3%) compared to the males (4.2%). Seventy one percent performed poorly in the nutrition knowledge assessment rating. The overall performance of the female students was significantly higher (χ2 = 46.386; P<0.05) than their male counterparts. Furthermore, 5, 12 and 12% had excellent, very good and good nutrition knowledge, respectively, while 33% and 38% had fair and poor nutrition knowledge, respectively. The results further revealed that the students were deficient in knowledge and understanding of the facts about energy and nutritive values of foods. Therefore, adequate nutrition education is needed at the secondary school level; this will enable the students to make good food choices and positively influence their eating habits thereby ensuring better nutritional status. Keywords : malnutrition, knowledge, school, anthropometry, Sokoto
Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization

Significance Amorphization and nanocrystallization are two powerful methods to tailor material properties by altering their microstructure without changing the overall chemistry. Using powerful laser-driven shocks, we demonstrate that amorphization and nanocrystallization can be achieved within a time scale that is considerably shorter than other conventional techniques. Our results provide compelling insights into pressure/shear amorphization and propose a route to fabricate gradient semiconducting nanostructures using lasers. Additionally, shear-driven amorphization is demonstrated as the dominant deformation mechanism in this extreme regime. Gradient nanostructures are attracting considerable interest due to their potential to obtain superior structural and functional properties of materials. Applying powerful laser-driven shocks (stresses of up to one-third million atmospheres, or 33 gigapascals) to germanium, we report here a complex gradient nanostructure consisting of, near the surface, nanocrystals with high density of nanotwins. Beyond there, the structure exhibits arrays of amorphous bands which are preceded by planar defects such as stacking faults generated by partial dislocations. At a lower shock stress, the surface region of the recovered target is completely amorphous. We propose that germanium undergoes amorphization above a threshold stress and that the deformation-generated heat leads to nanocrystallization. These experiments are corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations which show that supersonic partial dislocation bursts play a role in triggering the crystalline-to-amorphous transition.
Tensions associated with the use of electronic knowledge resources within clinical decision-making processes : A multiple case study

Content and objective: Health professionals now routinely use electronic knowledge resources (EKRs). Few studies have considered EKR-related tensions which may arise in a clinical decision-making context. The present study aims to explore three types of tension: (1) user–computer tension, (2) social tensions, and (3) organizational tensions (constraints associated with organizational routines and health policies). Design, participants, intervention, setting: We conducted a multiple case study, examining Family Medicine residents’ searches for information in everyday life. Cases were defined as critical searches for information among 17 first year family medicine residents using InfoRetriever® 2003/2004 on a PDA over 1.5 months at McGill University. InfoRetriever®derived information was used within a resident-patient decision-making context in 84 of 156 cases. For each case, residents were interviewed, and extracts of interview transcripts were assigned to themes using specialized software (presence of tension; type of tension). Further computer-assisted lexical-semantic analysis was performed on transcripts. Authors reached consensus on assignments. Results: Twenty-five cases with tension were identified (one case had two types of tension), and illustrate the above mentioned types of tensions: (T1) tension between the resident and InfoRetriever® (N = 16); (T2) InfoRetriever®-related tension between the resident and other social actors, specifically supervisors, other health care professionals and patients (N = 7); (T3) InfoRetriever®-related tension between the resident and the health organization/system (N = 3). Conclusions: Results suggest EKR usage in a clinical decision-making context may have negative consequences when three types of tension arise in a clinical decision-making context. Illustrated types of tension are interrelated and not mutually exclusive. Awareness of EKRrelated tensions may help clinicians to integrate EKRs in practice. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ∗ Corresponding author. McGill University, Department of Family Medicine, 517 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Qc, Canada, H2W 1S4. Tel: +514 398 8483; fax: +514 398 4202. E-mail addresses: pierre.pluye@mcgill.ca (P. Pluye), roland.grad@mcgill.ca (R.M. Grad), janiquejl@yahoo.ca (J. Johnson-Lafleur). 1 Tel. : +1 514 398 7375; fax: +1 514 398 4202. 2 Tel. : +1 514 340 8222x5851; fax: +1 514 340 8300. 1386-5056/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf. 2008.09. 004 i c a l 322 i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f m e d
Nutritional factors as catalyst for weight reduction

Purpose – Weight reduction is a complex phenomenon. Dietary intervention is the most popular approach to reduce excess body fat. In this review, it has been tried to analyze the effect of individual nutrients on the weight reduction process. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach – Studies and review articles discussing role of individual nutrients on weight loss were collected for the purpose.Findings – Diet high in protein and balanced in calories exerts a positive effect on weight reduction. Micronutrients such as calcium, vitamin C, A, D are also required for an effective weight reduction program.Originality/value – The review tries to analyze the impact of both quantity and quality of various nutrients on weight reduction.
Noninvasively Modifying Band Structures of Wide‐Bandgap Metal Oxides to Boost Photocatalytic Activity

Although doping with appropriate heteroatoms is a powerful way of increasing visible light absorption of wide‐bandgap metal oxide photocatalysts, the incorporation of heteroatoms into the photocatalysts usually leads to the increase of deleterious recombination centers of photogenerated charge carriers. Here, a conceptual strategy of increasing visible light absorption without causing additional recombination centers by constructing an ultrathin insulating heterolayer of amorphous boron oxynitride on wide‐bandgap photocatalysts is shown. The nature of this strategy is that the active composition nitrogen in the heterolayer can noninvasively modify the electronic structure of metal oxides for visible light absorption through the interface contact between the heterolayer and metal oxides. The photocatalysts developed show significant improvements in photocatalytic activity under both UV–vis and visible light irradiation compared to the doped counterparts by conventional doping process. These results may provide opportunities for flexibly tailoring the electronic structure of metal oxides.
Swift and Suzaku Observations of the X-Ray Afterglow from the GRB 060105

Results are presented of early X-ray afterglow observations of GRB 060105 by Swift and Suzaku. The bright, long gamma-ray burst GRB 060105 triggered the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) at 06:49:28 on 5 January 2006. The Suzaku team commenced a pre-planned target of opportunity observation at 19 ks (5.3 hr) after the Swift trigger. Following the prompt emission and successive very steep decay, a shallow decay was observed from T_0+187 s to T_0+1287 s. After an observation gap during T_0 +(1.5-3) ks, an extremely early steep decay was observed in T_0+(4-30) ks. The lightcurve flattened again at T_0+30 ks, and another steep decay followed from T_0+50 ks to the end of observations. Both steep decays exhibited decay indices of 2.3 - 2.4. This very early break, if it is a jet break, is the earliest case among X-ray afterglow observations, suggesting a very narrow jet whose opening angle is well below 1 degree. The unique Suzaku/XIS data allow us to set very tight upper limits on line emission or absorption in this GRB. For the reported pseudo-redshift of z=4.0+/-1.3 the upper limit on the iron line equivalent width is 50 eV.
Évaluation de la douleur et de sa prise en charge en SSPI dans un centre expert en chirurgie ambulatoire

Introduction. La douleur postoperatoire precoce a un retentissement sur les suites d’une procedure chirurgicale, et particulierement en ambulatoire. Nous avons evalue le niveau de douleur ainsi que les strategies analgesiques appliquees au cours du sejour en SSPI d’un centre de specialites chirurgicales ayant une activite ambulatoire sur une periode de trois ans. Materiels et Methodes. Les donnees etaient recueillies au cours du sejour au bloc et en SSPI a l’aide d’un questionnaire informatise. Les caracteristiques demographiques, le type de chirurgie, le mode d’hospitalisation et le degre d’urgence etaient recueillis ainsi que le niveau de douleur au repos qui etait evaluee a l’entree puis toutes les 15 minutes jusqu’a la sortie de SSPI. Les strategies antalgiques, notamment la presence d’une technique d’ALR etaient notifiees. Resultats. Entre 2011 et 2013, 10598 questionnaires ont ete analyses. Les patients hospitalises sur le mode ambulatoire representaient 32% de la population. Les specialites chirurgicales etaient la chirurgie ORL, maxillo-faciale, plastique, de la main, des brules et ophtalmologique. L’incidence des douleurs moderees a severes s’elevait a 10% a l’entree en SSPI, et a 24% au cours de la premiere heure ou les douleurs etaient les plus elevees sauf chez les patients ayant beneficie d’une technique d’ALR. L’ALR a ete utilisee chez 40,8% des patients d’ambulatoire. Le traitement antalgique le plus frequent etait l’association paracetamol-nefopam. Discussion. Le niveau de douleur en SSPI reste eleve meme si l’evaluation de la douleur en SSPI semble se generaliser. Il semble que le niveau de douleur au cours de la premiere heure soit le plus eleve et pourrait ainsi constituer le critere le plus performant pour determiner la qualite de la strategie analgesique mise en place. Conclusion. La qualite de l’analgesie postoperatoire doit etre amelioree. Le niveau de douleur au cours de la premiere heure du sejour en SSPI est representatif de l’analgesie postoperatoire precoce.
Expression of an active Gαs mutant in skeletal stem cells is sufficient and necessary for fibrous dysplasia initiation and maintenance

Significance We generated a novel conditional inducible mouse model of fibrous dysplasia (FD) by expressing mutant GNAS in skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in a temporally controlled and tissue-specific fashion. Typical FD bone lesions developed rapidly in mutant embryos and postnatal mice. GNAS promoted PKA activation and proliferation of SSCs along the osteogenic lineage but impaired their differentiation to mature osteoblasts and triggered increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. FD lesions reverted on cessation of GNAS expression. Thus, GNAS mutation is sufficient and necessary for FD initiation and maintenance. This model provides a valuable opportunity to identify the molecular mechanism underlying FD progression and accelerate the development of more effective treatment options. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a disease caused by postzygotic activating mutations of GNAS (R201C and R201H) that encode the α-subunit of the Gs stimulatory protein. FD is characterized by the development of areas of abnormal fibroosseous tissue in the bones, resulting in skeletal deformities, fractures, and pain. Despite the well-defined genetic alterations underlying FD, whether GNAS activation is sufficient for FD initiation and the molecular and cellular consequences of GNAS mutations remains largely unresolved, and there are no currently available targeted therapeutic options for FD. Here, we have developed a conditional tetracycline (Tet)-inducible animal model expressing the GαsR201C in the skeletal stem cell (SSC) lineage (Tet–GαsR201C/Prrx1-Cre/LSL-rtTA-IRES-GFP mice), which develops typical FD bone lesions in both embryos and adult mice in less than 2 weeks following doxycycline (Dox) administration. Conditional GαsR201C expression promoted PKA activation and proliferation of SSCs along the osteogenic lineage but halted their differentiation to mature osteoblasts. Rather, as is seen clinically, areas of woven bone admixed with fibrous tissue were formed. GαsR201C caused the concomitant expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl) that led to marked osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. GαsR201C expression ablation by Dox withdrawal resulted in FD-like lesion regression, supporting the rationale for Gαs-targeted drugs to attempt FD cure. This model, which develops FD-like lesions that can form rapidly and revert on cessation of mutant Gαs expression, provides an opportunity to identify the molecular mechanism underlying FD initiation and progression and accelerate the development of new treatment options.
Epidemiologische Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Lawsonia-intracellularis-Infektionen in Schweinebeständen

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand und Ziel: Anhand serologischer Screening-Untersuchungen in Schweinebeständen wird eine Übersicht zur Prävalenz von Lawsonia-(L.-)intracellularis-Infektionen in Deutschland gegeben. In acht Betrieben mit geschlossenem System wurde zudem in einer Querschnittsstudie der zeitliche Ablauf der Serokonversion überprüft. Der Nachweis von Lawsonien in Kot- und Darmproben aus Betrieben mit Durchfallproblematik sollte mit dem Vorkommen von Brachyspiren, Salmonellen und Escherichia (E.) coli verglichen werden. Material und Methoden: Die serologische Untersuchung von Blutproben (Herdenscreening: n = 7546 aus 694 Betrieben, Querschnittsstudie: n = 936 aus acht Betrieben) auf Antikörper gegen L. intracellularissowie der Nachweis von L. intracellularisaus Kot- und Darmproben (n = 826 aus 403 Betrieben) erfolgte mittels indirektem Immunfluoreszenztest. Der Nachweis von Brachyspiren, Salmonellen und E. coli wurde mithilfe kultureller Verfahren durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Serologisch positive Reagenten ergaben sich bei 43,2% der Blutproben und bei 81,3% der untersuchten Bestände. Sauen haltende Bestände und reine Mastbetriebe waren häufiger seropositiv als Ferkelaufzuchtbetriebe mit und ohne Mast. Antikörper gegen L. intracellularis fanden sich ähnlich häufig in Herden mit klinischer Symptomatik einer porzinen proliferativen Enteropathie (PPE) wie in Herden ohne oder mit anderen klinischen Erkrankungen. Die Querschnittsuntersuchung ergab, dass erste Reagenten schon zur 10. Lebenswoche auftreten, der Hauptanteil jedoch zwischen der 13. und 16. Lebenswoche. Die bakteriologischen Untersuchungen belegen, dass in Beständen mit Durchfallproblematik hämolysierende E. coli(48,4%) und L. intracellularis (33,7%) wesentlich häufiger nachweisbar sind als B. hyodysenteriae (21,1%), Salmonellen (17,3%) oder B. pilosicoli (2,5%). Mischinfektionen von B. hyodysenteriae (3,5%), B. pilosicoli (1,0%) oder Salmonellen (5,6%) zusammen mit L. intracellularis waren selten. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die sehr weite Verbreitung von L. intracellularis in Deutschland in klinisch unauffälligen Herden wie auch in Beständen mit Durchfall- und Kümmererproblematik erfordert eine gezielte Diagnostik zum Ausschluss anderer Durchfallerreger.
3D Printed Functional and Biological Materials on Moving Freeform Surfaces

Conventional 3D printing technologies typically rely on open‐loop, calibrate‐then‐print operation procedures. An alternative approach is adaptive 3D printing, which is a closed‐loop method that combines real‐time feedback control and direct ink writing of functional materials in order to fabricate devices on moving freeform surfaces. Here, it is demonstrated that the changes of states in the 3D printing workspace in terms of the geometries and motions of target surfaces can be perceived by an integrated robotic system aided by computer vision. A hybrid fabrication procedure combining 3D printing of electrical connects with automatic pick‐and‐placing of surface‐mounted electronic components yields functional electronic devices on a free‐moving human hand. Using this same approach, cell‐laden hydrogels are also printed on live mice, creating a model for future studies of wound‐healing diseases. This adaptive 3D printing method may lead to new forms of smart manufacturing technologies for directly printed wearable devices on the body and for advanced medical treatments.
Identification of fusion genes and characterization of transcriptome features in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Significance To get more insights into the disease mechanism of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), particularly in an adult group, we addressed the genomic landscape in 130 patients, including 61 cases of adult T-ALL. A number of new genetic aberrations were identified using integrated transcriptome and genomic analysis. Distinct T-ALL subgroups were defined according to the interplay among different genetic abnormalities and gene transcription patterns. Characterization of genomic features of T-ALL is valuable not only for a better understanding of leukemogenesis, but also for patient stratification and tailored therapy. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a clonal malignancy of immature T cells. Recently, the next-generation sequencing approach has allowed systematic identification of molecular features in pediatric T-ALL. Here, by performing RNA-sequencing and other genomewide analysis, we investigated the genomic landscape in 61 adult and 69 pediatric T-ALL cases. Thirty-six distinct gene fusion transcripts were identified, with SET-NUP214 being highly related to adult cases. Among 18 previously unknown fusions, ZBTB16-ABL1, TRA-SALL2, and involvement of NKX2-1 were recurrent events. ZBTB16-ABL1 functioned as a leukemogenic driver and responded to the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Among 48 genes with mutation rates >3%, 6 were newly found in T-ALL. An aberrantly overexpressed short mRNA transcript of the SLC17A9 gene was revealed in most cases with overexpressed TAL1, which predicted a poor prognosis in the adult group. Up-regulation of HOXA, MEF2C, and LYL1 was often present in adult cases, while TAL1 overexpression was detected mainly in the pediatric group. Although most gene fusions were mutually exclusive, they coexisted with gene mutations. These genetic abnormalities were correlated with deregulated gene expression markers in three subgroups. This study may further enrich the current knowledge of T-ALL molecular pathogenesis.
Three-Dimensional Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Humans: a Matter of Balance

textabstractThe objective of this thesis was to quantify three-dimensional ocular stability in response to head movements in healthy human subjects and in patients with various types of peripheral vestibular disorders. Despite a large increase in our knowledge from animal and human studies about the neuronal circuitry that regulates three-dimensional (3D) vestibular organization (for a recent review see Angelaki and Cullen 2008), its application to clinical practice is still a long way ahead. In order to bridge this gap, we explored in healthy subjects the naturally occurring variability in 3D vestibulo-ocular stabilization and compared these results with changes that occur in 3D vestibulo-ocular stabilization in patients with various types of unilateral vestibular disorders.