Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Risk Factors Associated With The Development Of Cleft Lip And/Or Palate In Sudan

-—BackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFC) are considered as one of the common congenital anomalies that affect the health, impact negatively on patient, family and society as a whole . This anomaly has complex etiology, resulting from interaction of both environmental and genetic factors. Objective of the Study: To identify the most common maternal risk factors of orofacial clefts in patients attending pediatric hospitals and plastic surgery clinics in Sudan, Khartoum State. Methods: The research design for this study was a case descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study. The study was conducted in Khartoum state targeting three hospitals: Khartoum Denture teaching Hospital, Ahmed Gasim Specialized Hospital for children and Soba University Hospital. The study was conducted during the period from 1st of January to 15th of November 2018. It included all mothers of children with orofacial clefts (cleft lip and/or palate), who attended the above mentioned hospitals during the study period and fulfill the inclusion criteria. Data was collected by a standardized, close -ended Questionnaire through direct interview to the mother. The data collected was entered and descriptively analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 20. Results: The Study sample constituted 280 mothers of children with orofacial clefts. The most common age group of the studied children with OFCs was 15 years (41.8 %) followed by 5<10 years (30.7 %). Half of children143 (51.1%) had cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP), and more than one third 110 (39.3%) had cleft lip only (CLO). Cleft palate only (CPO) was the least common 27(9.6%). Male patients were more dominant with a ratio of 1.5:1 . Regarding the birth order of the index, 60 (21.2 %) cases were the first baby. The frequency of cleft lip only and cleft lip with palate were more common in males than females (23.1%) (32.1%) respectively, However cleft palate only (CPO) was near equal in both sexes. Most of the families were residing outside Khartoum state ( 2,37 )% and mostly from Kordofan state and rural areas. Regarding socioeconomic status of the families, more than one third of them were under the upper lower social class. Positive family history of OFCs was found in near half of the patients (44.6%), more on the paternal side 49 (39.2%). Most of the children belong to Aljaleen tribe 27(9.6 %). Passive smoking at home or at work place was experienced by 70 mothers (25%), of whom almost half 29 (41.5%) mothers were exposed to about 1-2 pocket per day. 17 (6.1%) of mothers had chronic diseases during their pregnancy course, of which Hypertension was the commonest one (30%). Drugs intake during pregnancy was reported in 55 mothers (19.6 %) and the commonly used drugs were Antibiotics (38.2%). Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy was received by only 110(04%) of mothers, however only 3.6 % received the recommended dose. Conclusion: OFC are congenital defect, not uncommon in Sudan . So recognition of the etiological factors and the education of the females will help to decrease its occurrence.
FPGA Implementation of Double Error Correction Orthogonal Latin Squares Codes

: Error correction codes (ECCs) are widely used to protect memories and other electronic circuits against errors. A class of ECC codes namely OLS codes have been recently proposed to protect caches, interconnections and memories. This OLS code is a member of the majority logic (ML) decodable codes family. This paper deals with the FPGA implementation of Double Error Correction Orthogonal Latin Squares (OLS). The OLS decoder scheme has a reduced soft error cross section compared with other implementations. This ECC technique is implemented in SRAM-based FPGAs since they are sensitive to soft errors. The implementation of OLS code is done in Xilinx environment and it is evaluated in terms of device utilization and delay.
Interferential Current Combined with Lumbopelvic Stabilization Exercises in Patients with Degenerative Disc Disease with Symptoms of Chronic Low Back Pain

Contextualization: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common symptoms among the population. Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common degenerative diseases related to low back pain. Among the techniques for the treatment of pain, lumbopelvic stabilization exercises (core) and electrotherapy are highlighted. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a core stabilization program combined with interferential current in patients with chronic low back pain caused by protrusion and/or lumbosacral disc herniation. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 26 patients with chronic low back pain caused by protrusion and/or lumbosacral disc herniation. Subjects were randomized into group CORE + Interferential Current (GIC) and group CORE + Placebo Interferential Current (GPIC). It were evaluated the level of pain (VAS) and the functionality by the Oswestry (ODI) and Roland-Morris (RMDQ) questionnaires. Results: GIC reduced the level of pain from 7.23 to 3.69 (p< 0.05) and GPIC reduced it from 6.62 to 3.08 (p< 0.05). The ODI scores decreased in both groups.In the GIC, this decrease was from 18.85 to 11.77 (p< 0.05). Yet in the GPIC, the decrease was from 17.15 to 9.08 (p< 0.05). The RMDQ scores of the GIC decreased from 13.00 to 8.38 (p< 0.05); in the GPIC, this decrease was from 10.69 to 6.31 (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Both groups significantly reduced the low back pain and improved the functional capacity, which shows that lumbopelvic stabilization exercises were shown to be effective in the treatment of discogenic low back pain with or without association of interferential current.
FinFET-Benefits , Drawbacks and Challenges

FinFET is a promising alternative to conventional MOSFET which has reached its limits and has too much leakage for too little performance gain. FinFE T is being recommended as the basis for future IC p rocesses because of its power/performance benefits, scalabil ity, superior controls over short channel effects e tc. However, it brings with itself new challenges andundesirable ch aracteristics such as Corner effects, Quantum effec ts, Width quantization, Layout dependencies, additional paras itics etc. This paper discusses the major advantage s, disadvantages and challenges of FinFET technology.
Design of Power Gated ML Sensing Low Power CAM

A Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a memory unit that performs single clock cycle content matching instead of addresses. CAMs are vast used in look-up table functions, network routers and cache controllers. Since basic lookups are performed over all the stored memory information there is high power dissipation. In reality there is always trade-offs between power consumption, area used and the speed. CAMs are popular in network routers for packet forwarding and packet classification, but they are also beneficial in a variety of other applications that require high speed. The main CAM challenge is to reduce power consumption associated with the large amount of parallel active circuitry, without sacrificing speed or memory density. Thus robust, high-speed and low-power ML sense amplifiers are highly sought after in CAM designs. In this work, we introduce a parity bit and effective gated-power technique to reduce the peak and average power consumption and enhance the robustness of the design against process variations.
Hybrid Positioning System

: Hybrid positioning systems are systems for finding the location of a mobile device using several different positioning technologies. Usually GPS is one major component of such systems, combined with other local positioning systems. These systems are specifically designed to overcome the limitations of GPS, which is very exact in open areas, but works poorly indoors or between tall buildings. By comparison, RFID signals are not hindered by buildings or bad weather, and usually provide accurate positioning. Hybrid positioning systems are increasingly being explored for certain civilian and commercial and location based media, which need to work well in urban areas in order to be commercially and practically viable.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and DNA hypomethylation leading to reduced monoamines synthesis in depression: A case-control study

Background: Numerous studies have shown hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) associated with cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease such as clinical depression disorder through DNA hypomethylation and reduced level of monoamines. Objective: We performed this study to investigate the role of total levels of plasma homocysteine (tHcy), folate vitamin B12, and neurochemicals in depressive patients and compared them with healthy controls and also performed the relationship between HHcy and folate, vitamin B12 and also monoamines in brain. Methods: In this present study we recruited 223 depressive patients and 273 subjects as healthy controls of the same age and gender. Plasma levels of folic acid, vitamin B12, and total hcy were determined using commercially available ELISA kits (ENZO Life science). Neurochemicals assessment like 5HT (Serotonin), GABA (by paper chromatography), monoamine oxidase (MAO), nor-epinephrine and epinephrine through HPLC. Results: Mean plasma levels of folate, vitamin B12, tHcy, 5HT, GABA, nor-epinephrine, epinephrine andMAO 14.34 ± 0.63 in cases were 9.24 ± 1.56, 288.53 ± 22.93, 14.32 ± 0.69, . 0383 ± 0.01, 0.275 ± 0.03, 9.02 ± 0.53, 5.00 ± 0.78 respectively, which showed significant difference in comparison with the controls. In addition, there were significantly tHcy positive correlations with MAO non significantly with depression score but negative correlation with neurotransmitters and folate and vitamin B12. Conclusions: We concluded that plasma levels of folate and vitamin B12 decreased in depressive patients, but tHcy levels increased significantly and also HHcy reduced the neurotransmitter synthesis through hypo-methionine conversion or DNA hypomethylationand therefore, lead to reduction of 5HT, nor epinephrine, epinephrine and GABA but increased the level of MAO, act as neurotoxin lead to apoptosis in brain. There are some evidences which provided the information that vitamin B12 treatment may regulate and manage the level of HHcy and maintain the concentration of neurotransmitter. Therefore, recent evidence supports the role of tHcy as a potential sensitive biomarker in depressive disorder and attention has been directed towards the utilization of Ayurvedic plants in the prevention and management of depression. Correspondence to: Rinki Kumari, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Interdisciplinary School of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Katankulathur, Chennai, India; Arvind Remedies Ltd., Chennai, India; Adesh University, Barnala Road, Bathinda, Punjab, India; E-mail: rinkiv3@gmail.com
Tuberculosis Trends in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Twelve Years Experience with the Implementation of Selective BCG Vaccination Strategy

Objective: Evaluate the trend of tuberculosis (TB) in the kingdom Bahrain over the 12 years period (2005 2016) with emphasis on miliary and meningeal form among pediatrics population to detect any adverse trend in the disease after implementation of selective BCG vaccination policy in the kingdom since 2003. Methods: Retrospective review of TB surveillance data from public health directorate in ministry of health (MOH) with further analysis of miliary and meningeal TB cases in pediatrics over the study period. Results: There was a total of 2,997 reported TB cases during the period (2005 2016); 81% were Non-Bahrainis, 67% were males and 64% had pulmonary disease. TB incidence in Bahrain is declining with no any reported cases of miliary diseases among pediatrics, but with few sporadic cases of meningeal TB among pediatric Bahraini population appear over the period (2009 2011), albeit with no further cases of meningeal disease since 2012. Conclusion: Implementation of selective BCG vaccination policy in Bahrain didn’t result in any apparent harmful effect in terms of increase in TB incidence or sustained resurgence of meningeal or miliary TB among pediatric population.
A THREAD BUILDING BLOCKS BASED PARALLEL GENETIC ALGORITHM

Genetic Algorithms are biologically-inspired computational methods commonly used for many different optimization problems in various domains. They are also known to require significant computational time to produce optimal solutions. This paper presents a genetic algorithm library that encompasses the main genetic operations such as selection, recombination and mutation. The library can be run in serial or parallel form using Intel's Thread Building Blocks which is a cross-platform multi-threading library. An evaluation with different benchmark functions has shown that the parallel implementation can achieve up to 3:1 speed-up over the serial implementation on a dual core computer with ordinary specifications.
Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted (DWI) MR in Diagnosis of Ovarian Lesions

Introduction: Determining whether a clinically diagnosed ovarian mass is benign or malignant is frequently not possible until surgical exploration and histologic examination are performed. Consequently, it may not be possible to decide preoperatively whether conservative or radical surgery is appropriate. A reliable method with which to differentiate a benign from a malignant ovarian mass would provide a basis for optimal preoperative planning. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides useful information for characterization of various ovarian masses. Diffusion-weighted imaging is sensitive to changes in the microdiffusion of water into both intracellular and extracellular spaces and its use may improve MR characterization of ovarian lesions. Restricted water diffusion demonstrates high signal intensity on DWI and lower ADC values on ADC map. This study aims at reviewing and emphasizing the role of MRI and diffusion-weighted MR in characterization of ovarian lesions. Patients and methods: This study was performed on 40 patients referred to the radiology department from the Gynecology department by ovarian masses. Pelvic enhanced MR with DWI was done for all patients, DWIBS was done for 7 patients. Thrity-nine patients underwent surgery with pathologic correlation. Only one patient was put under regular follow up US for 3 months. Results: The sensitivity of MRI was 99.9% while that of DWI was 100%. The specificity was higher for DWI (78.3%) compared to conventional MRI (58.3%), as well as the accuracy which was 73.9% for MRI while that of DWI was 86.9%. The mean ADC values for malignant lesions were (0.93x 10 ± 0.43 SD mm/s), while that for benign lesions were (1.3 x 10 ± 0.6 SD mm/s), with cut off value 1.15x10. And p value = 0.005. Mature teratomas showed restricted diffusion with ADC values 0.5x103mm2/s (false positive), due to mixed cellularity of the teratoma. Conclusion: Combination of DWI to conventional MRI improves the specificity of MRI and thus increasing radiologist’s confidence in image interpretation which will finally reflect on patients’ outcome and prognosis. [Enas ahmed, Ikram Hamed, Noha Abdel Shafy, Ahmed Abdel Fattah,. Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted (DWI) MR in Diagnosis of Ovarian Lesions. Researcher 2018;10(8):11-20]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub. net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.02.
TROVING PRECISE REGION USING BRINK DETECTION ALGORITHM

: Detection of a particular region of an image is one of the most complex thing ever. Algorithms were derived for detecting and they were used for the image processing. The detection of edges are detected in low range. So, the particular region identification is become tough for perfect cropping. To make a perfect detection, we propose an algorithm called Brink Detection. This algorithm used to detect the edges of the image clearly and accurately. So, the user will get a clear outline of the image. The detection which turns the original image to grayscale image. The grayscale image is easy for cropping process. The results show that the cropped image will get an accurate border and it will be cropped from the original image. The quality of the image remains the same. The image color will not be reduced and pixel will not get affected.
Screening commonly cultivated rice cultivars in Sri Lanka with special reference to Jaffna for salt tolerance at seedling stage under hydroponics

To screen rice cultivars cultivated in Sri Lanka for salt tolerance at seedling stage, factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Twenty two rice cultivars were tested against five salt levels (0, 4, 8, 12 and, 24 dSm-1). Using shoot, root parameters and its percentage reduction with salt levels and sodium to potassium ratio, grouping of rice cultivars and their significances were tested by using cluster analysis. Four groups were identified as; highly tolerant, tolerant, susceptible and very susceptible. ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed to check the significant differences among cultivars with in clusters and correlation between tested variables, respectively. Values of all tested variables decreased with increasing salt levels in all tested cultivars except for sodium to potassium ratio in shoots. Percentage reduction increased with increasing salt levels for shoot height, shoot dry weight, root length, root dry weight and root surface area and showed significant differences among the cultivars at salt level of 24 dSm-1. Both osmotic and toxic effect reduced shoot and root growth by inhibiting the water absorption by roots and caused leaf death, respectively. Among the cultivated rice cultivars, based on shoot and root parameters and sodium to potassium ratio in shoots, Pachaperumal, Periavellai, At 303, Adakari, Bg 406 and CO 10 categorized as highly tolerant group while Bg 250, At 353, At 362, Modaikarupan, H4, Bg 304 and Morungan were grouped as tolerant. Also Bg 352 and At 308 found susceptible and Bg 360 seems very susceptible.
THE PHENOMENON OF GEMINATION IN ENGLISH AND ARABIC

Gemination is a phonetic phenomenon whereby two identical /sounds/ co-occur in one word or at words boundaries. The co-occurrence of two identical sounds doesn’t matter, what matters is their pronunciation. Whether to pronounce them as one sound or two sounds is a matter treated differently across languages that have geminate sounds. As the present paper restricts itself to two languages only, Arabic and English, it investigates how gemination occurs in the two languages and how it can be represented? Is it restricted to consonants only or it can also occur with vowels? What type of gemination each language exhibits? These questions beside some more others are the main concern of the present paper in which the phenomenon of gemination is clarified in general, then a study of gemination is presented in English and Arabic respectively. There is a common view point which holds that English does not have gemination, but in fact it appears that English has gemination at certain conditions. Although it is unlike Arabic in its realization, but it can be said that gemination exists in English.
Morphological variations of soft palate and influence of age on it: A digital cephalometric study

Background: Digital Lateral Cephalograms are the most commonly used radiographs for evaluating morphological variations of soft palate. It is a relatively inexpensive method and provides a good assessment of the soft-tissue elements that define the soft palate and its surrounding structures. The present study was conducted to investigate the morphological variations of the soft palate and influence of age on it. Materials and methods: The present study consisted of 150 digital cephalograms of subjects aged between 20 to 60 years taken from the department of oral medicine and radiology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad. The subjects were categorized into five groups, group A: 2030 years, group B: 3140 years, group C: 4150 years, group D: 5160 years and group E: 6170 years. Digital lateral cephalograms were obtained and analyzed to categorize the soft palate into six morphological types, based on the classification by You, et al. Results: Type 1: leaf shaped soft palate was the most common type, type 4 and 6 varieties were the least common among all age groups. Type 5: S-shaped soft palate was found in considerable proportions among all the age groups (6.7% 25.8%). There was no significant correlation found between the different age groups and the type of soft palate. Conclusion: Radiographic analysis of morphological variations of soft palate can help us better understand the velar morphology and may assist in success of surgical procedures aimed for correcting deformities of soft palate. C. Vani, T. Vinila Lakshmi, V. Dheeraj Roy. Morphological variations of soft palate and influence of age on it: A digital cephalometric study. IAIM, 2017; 4(10): 72-76.
Can positive faith-based encounters influence Australian young people’s drinking behaviours?

Purpose: Alcohol-related accidents and injuries occur disproportionately within young people – especially when gathering at social events. This study represents a partnership between a faith-based group of volunteers specifically trained to counsel and support young people to reduce their risk of alcohol-related harm, Adelaide City Council, and the South Australian Police Force aimed at reducing risk-related alcohol consumption in a metropolitan nightclub district area. It posits that supporting young people to party safely, alongside positive community engagement, may deter unsafe consumption practices – such as pre-loading and binge-drinking. Methods: Retrospective online survey evaluated the impact on attitudes of young people who received the intervention. Results: Findings suggest volunteers were perceived as positive role models who demonstrated a genuine sense of care and ability to support. As a result, one-third of respondents identified potentially more carefully pre-plan their drinking behaviour on their next night out. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that young people are responsive to positive interventions and that future pre-planning may become a more natural part of their party routine – resulting in less likelihood of alcohol-related risk. The outcome measure, that young people’s intentions to moderate their drinking as a result of positive encounters, is an important one.
A Hybrid Pain Detection Technique using SVM Parameter Optimization and Contourlet-Gabor Transform Feature Fusion

This paper highlights automatic pain expression recognition from facial images of pain. This technique is frequently used in healthcare applications. The research detects the pain expression by an effective recognition method. It is based on the concepts of fusion of contourlet transform with Gabor transform for feature extraction, and classification of expressions by using SVM. The ABC algorithm and GA is implemented for optimizing SVM parameters. In order to authenticate the precision and stoutness of the system, a number of experiments have been done on two databases namely UNBC shoulder pain database and IFD-CEERI database. It's provided throughout the simulation techniques. The suggested strategy is actually effective in recognition of pain expression in terms of accuracy