Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of estrogen receptor determinations in patients with primary breast cancer: An update

Patients with estrogen receptor (E2R)‐positive breast cancers experience a longer disease‐free interval and longer survival following primary surgery than do patients with E2R‐negative tumors. The presence of E2R is correlated with patient age at diagnosis and tumor grade but not with the presence of metastatic foci in axillary lymph nodes. The difference in the rates of recurrence between E2R‐positive and negative tumors is greater in pre‐ and perimenopausal patients than in postmenopausal patients.
Vaccine Development Strategies, Progresses and Challenges for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Review

Human immunodeficiency virus is classified under the Retroviridae family and identified as a causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is identified as causative agent of AIDS, about 39 million people have been died and 78 million people have been infected worldwide. Despite tremendous efforts are being made to develop successful diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods, and to develop HIV vaccine the effort remains great challenge for researchers, due to extreme genetic variability of the virus. Even though vaccination of HIV is the most promising, cost effective and feasible intervention strategy to control and eradicate HIV disease route and transmission, still now we are struggling to find an elusive vaccine after thirty years and disappointing results are recorded from previous clinical trials, except the promising RV144 HIV vaccine which is phase III clinical trial with the modest vaccine efficacy. The contribution of this study is to reveal the challenges to found potent HIV vaccine during the last decades, significant lessons learnt about the basic virology, pathogenesis, immunology, HIV/AIDS treatment and HIV infection prevention and significant findings and clinical trials progresses which are currently open the way to some extent to hope that HIV vaccine development is possible.
Face occlusion detection based on multi-task convolution neural network

With the rise of crimes associated with ATM, security reinforcement by surveillance techniques has been in high agenda for both academia and industries. Though cameras are generally installed in ATMs to capture the facial images of users, the function is only limited to recording for follow-up criminal investigations, which could become useless when a criminal's face is occluded. Therefore, face occlusion detection has become very important to prevent crimes connected with ATMs. Traditional approaches to solve the problem typically consist of a succession of steps such as localization, segmentation, feature extraction and recognition. This paper proposes robust and effective facial occlusion detection based on convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) with multi-task learning. Covering of different facial parts, namely, left eye, right eye, nose and mouth, can be predicted by the multi-task CNN. In comparison with previous approaches, CNN is optimal from the system point of view as the design is based on end-to-end principle and the model operates directly on the image pixels. We created a large scale face occlusion database, consisting of over fifty thousand images, with annotated facial parts. Experimental results revealed that the proposed method is extremely effective.
Unraveling the Fecal Microbiota and Metagenomic Functional Capacity Associated with Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Gut microbiota plays fundamental roles in energy harvest, nutrient digestion, and intestinal health, especially in processing indigestible components of polysaccharides in diet. Unraveling the microbial taxa and functional capacity of gut microbiome associated with feed efficiency can provide important knowledge to improve pig feed efficiency in swine industry. In the current research, we studied the association of fecal microbiota with feed efficiency in 280 commercial Duroc pigs. All experimental pigs could be clustered into two enterotype-like groups. Different enterotypes showed the tendency of association with the feed efficiency (P = 0.07). We further identified 31 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showing the potential associations with porcine feed efficiency. These OTUs were mainly annotated to the bacteria related to the metabolisms of dietary polysaccharides. Although we did not identify the RFI-associated bacterial species at FDR < 0.05 level, metagenomic sequencing analysis did find the distinct function capacities of gut microbiome between the high and low RFI pigs (FDR < 0.05). The KEGG orthologies related to nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and transport system, and eight KEGG pathways including glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were positively associated with porcine feed efficiency. We inferred that gut microbiota might improve porcine feed efficiency through promoting intestinal health by the SCFAs produced by fermenting dietary polysaccharides and improving the utilization of dietary protein. The present results provided important basic knowledge for improving porcine feed efficiency through modulating gut microbiome.
The NAD+/NADH redox state in astrocytes: Independent control of the NAD+ and NADH content

The intracellular redox state is established by several redox pairs, such as NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH and glutathione. This redox state is a crucial determinant of cellular metabolism and function. Astrocytes are an important cell population contributing to brain metabolism and brain energy supply, so a careful control of these redox pairs is essential for proper brain function. Despite this, little is known about control of the NAD+ and NADH content within the brain or in astrocytes. Therefore, we here analyzed the NAD+ and NADH content of mouse tissue and cultured cortical astrocytes. The NAD+/NADH ratio increased in most tissues during development from newborn to adult mice. The basal redox ratio of cultured astrocytes was about 3.8 and similar to the redox ratio of the cortex of newborn mice. Although the NADH content of these cells was highly sensitive to the concentration of energy substrates and to modulation of energy metabolism, the NAD+ content was surprisingly constant under these conditions. In contrast, application of nicotine amide or nicotinamide mononucleotide, which are precursors for NAD+ biosynthesis, slowly increased NAD+ content while leaving NADH levels unaffected. Finally, inhibiting the NAD+‐degrading enzyme poly‐(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerase increased NAD+ content slightly without affecting NADH levels, whereas inhibition of sirtuins had no effect. These results indicate that, in addition to converting NAD+ to NADH and vice versa during redox reactions, the content of both partners of this redox pair is additionally controlled by other mechanisms. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle development in dendrobranchiate shrimp, with comparison with Artemia

SUMMARY The muscle pattern of malacostracan and entomostracan crustacean nauplius larvae was compared using fluorescent phallotoxins. In the dendrobranchiate malacostracan Sicyonia ingentis, F‐actin staining was first detected in limb setae at 12 h, likely within sensory nerves. Staining of F‐actin was detected in the trunk at 15 h and grew into the naupliar limbs. Sarcomeres were detected at 19 h, identifying the structures as extrinsic limb muscles. The extrinsic limb muscles enlarged but retained their general pattern during the later nauplius stages. Longitudinal trunk muscles and circumferential visceral muscle (VM) developed in the post‐naupliar region during nauplius instars 4 and 5, at the time when the gut also formed. In the anostracan branchiopod Artemia salina, the newly hatched nauplius contained an extensive system of extrinsic and intrinsic limb muscles. The gut was almost complete at hatching, along with its associated circumferential VM. Muscles similar in position and structure could be identified in nauplii from the two taxa, but different anatomical origins of extrinsic muscles were evident. Whether the naupliar limb muscles are homologous in malacostracans and branchiopods remains an open question. The strong musculature of the dendrobranchiate naupliar limbs correlates with the use of all three pairs of limbs for swimming.
Object tracking in real time embedded system using image processing

Robotics now a days becoming more popular due to diverse applications. Vision to a robot has widened the range of applications and is developing rapidly. Robots with the power of image processing are used for object identification, surveillance and navigation. Vision applications generally deal with finding a part and orienting it for robotic handling or inspection before an application is performed. In this paper we developed algorithm & implemented on robotic system having embedded processor, process the image that detects & track the object in real time. The results are promising.
Effectiveness of neuromuscular stretching with symmetrical biphasic electric currents in the cavus foot.

BACKGROUND Pes cavus is a structural deformity in which the increased plantar arch can lead to greater metatarsal verticality with the consequent excess of pressure under the forefoot zone (especially the metatarsal zone), causing pain and significant loss of functional capacity. We sought to determine whether neuromuscular stretching with symmetrical rectangular biphasic currents can reduce the pressure supported by this zone. METHODS This prospective, nonrandomized, longitudinal, analytical, and experimental controlled trial included 34 patients with pes cavus. Pedobarometric measurements were made using the footscan USB Gait Clinical System platform considering the toes and metatarsal heads, forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot before and after performing stretching using a Med Tens 931 electrotherapy device. The measurements were repeated 7 days after the application. RESULTS With the Student t test for paired samples, we showed that there was a significant decline in metatarsal pressure (P < .001) in the zones of the first (P = .045) and third (P = .01) metatarsals and that this reduction was maintained 1 week after the plantar stretching. CONCLUSIONS Plantar stretching with symmetrical rectangular biphasic currents is effective for the prevention and treatment of pes cavus metatarsalgia caused by excessive pressure.
A Career in Activism: A Reflective Narrative of University Governance and Unionism.

to do activist work in the contemporary university. It takes as its context the big picture trends of neoliberalism in Australian and international higher education over the last three decades: globalisation, massification and marketisation. The extent to which these factors are causes or consequences of each other is arguable, but makes little difference to their observable impact on what is now the ‘business’ of higher education. Massification refers to the global phenomenon of increasing participation in higher education. Australian higher education is now a mass participation system (30-50 per cent of the school-leaver age cohort enrolled in higher education) and may move into high participation status (>50 per cent enrolled) in the near future (Marginson, 2015). On its own, massification should lead to greater demand for academic staff and opportunities for continuing employment. But at the same time, governments have systematically withdrawn per-student public funding from universities, substituting secure base funding with contestable funding reliant on market-like competitive mechanisms. This marketisation reorients higher education towards competitive markets on local, national, regional and global scales. It is largely the result of public policy underpinned by an assumption that market or quasi-market mechanisms are effective tools for the efficient regulation of higher education (Meek, 2000). Simultaneously, the increased global mobility of information, finance and people, and the formalisation of regional trading blocs, removal of trade barriers and establishment of a range of free trade agreements have impacted higher education. These aspects of globalisation have enabled the establishment of global, national and local markets in higher education and provided an opportunity to supplement domestic funding with fullfee-paying international students (Marginson, 2004). Together the forces of globalisation, massification and marketisation have resulted in a higher education system marked by increased regulation and reporting (Vidovich, 2002) and widespread casualisation of the A career in activism
A structural analysis of destination brand equity in mountainous tourism destination in northern India

The present study attempts to develop a destination brand equity model for mountainous tourism destination based in a north Indian state of Uttarakhand. Brand equity research in leisure studies has been gaining increased scholarly attention, yet similar researches in Indian context are almost non-existent. This contemporary brand assessment area of enquiry has been considered in the present research by exploiting six dimensions structure including destination brand awareness, destination image, social self-image, perceived quality, perceived value and destination loyalty. Findings in particular stress on the relevance of three vital antecedents, namely, destination image, perceived value and social self-image in improving tourist loyalty. It is suggested that price benefit trade-off is duly considered for improving tourist loyalty, and the hilly attractions exhibit potential to augment tourists’ self and social images. If exploited appositely, destination image, social self-image and perceived value may engender a stronger loyalty bond between visitors and destination. With the aid of structure equation modelling, pertinent relationships rooted in the brand equity theory have been tested and few newer linkages have been uncovered and validated. The paper concludes with vital implications, limitations and scope of future research.
Assessment of fractional and small power three phase induction motors for conveyor applications

This paper reports the assessment results of 96 fractional and small power three phase induction motors for roller and conveyor in-plant transportation applications. The motors have a number of poles from 2 up to 12 and they have been selected in order to get a significant sample of the induction motors used in conveyor and roller systems. An indirect method has been used for the determination of the main electrical and mechanical characteristics. The obtained results are summarized in several figures reporting the considered quantities as a function of the motor rated power. The presented results of this activity can be considered a snapshot of fractional power motor performances whose are of interest in industrial and tertiary communities.
A robust high-Q micromachined RF inductor for RFIC applications

In this paper, a robust micromachined spiral inductor with a cross-shaped sandwich membrane support is proposed and fabricated with fully CMOS compatible post-processes for radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) applications. Using the incorporation of a sandwich dielectric membrane (0.7 /spl mu/m SiO/sub 2//0.7 /spl mu/m Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//0.7 /spl mu/m TEOS) to enhance the structure rigidity, the inductor can have better signal stability. In comparison, the new design of a /spl sim/5-nH micromachined inductor can have 45% less inductance variation than the one without the dielectric support while both devices are operated with 10 m/s/sup 2/ acceleration. Meanwhile, using a cross shape instead of blanket membrane can also effectively eliminate the inductance variation induced by the working temperature change (20/spl deg/C to 75/spl deg/C). The measurement results show the robust inductor can have similar electrical performance to the as-fabricated freely suspended inductor, which has five times Q (quality factor) improvement than the inductor without the substrate removal. It is our belief that the new micromachined inductors can have not only high-Q performance but also better signal stability suitable for wide-range RFIC applications.
Predictors of quality of life among spouses of stroke patients during the first year after the stroke event.

BACKGROUND Stroke, a disease with severe consequences for patients and their families, often lead to psychosocial stress, and a decline in the quality of life (QoL) among carers. Predicting the QoL is essential in the development of effective nursing support interventions. AIM The aim of the present study was to identify predicting factors for the general QoL among spouses of stroke patients, and to determine whether these predictors change during the first year after the patient's stroke event. DESIGN One hundred spouses were followed three times during 1 year regarding QoL, own illness, economic situation, well being, life situation, sense of coherence, social network and the patients' ability in activities of daily living (ADL). Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for the baseline, 6- and 12-month assessments respectively, with the present QoL as the dependent variable. RESULTS Over time during the first year after the patients' stroke event, there were significant differences in the spouses perceived general QoL. Life situation and economic situation were the only predictors of the spouses' QoL, which emerged during the entire year after the patient's stroke event, while well being, education, own illness, social network and ADL ability (patient) emerged at one or two occasions. CONCLUSION The psychosocial factors -- life situation, well being, social network, education and economy -- are important in predicting QoL among spouses of stroke patients, and these predicting factors change over time. Determining the predictors at an early stage, and continuously over time, will help to focus clinical nursing interventions on the spouses' changing needs.
The usefulness of a panel of immunostains in the diagnosis and differentiation of metastatic malignancies in pericardial effusions

Pericardial effusions are not uncommon in patients with an advanced malignancy. Rarely malignancies may present initially with a pericardial effusion. Cytological examination of pericardial fluid may be valuable in differentiation of these cases. However, a metastatic tumour in serous effusion may not always show the functional differentiation of the primary tumour. In such a situation, although a wide range of special studies have been suggested for the diagnosis of malignancy we have found the use of a panel of a few common immunostains to be useful in confirming or suggesting the site of a primary tumour. The material for this study consisted of 76 pericardial fluids obtained between January 1991 and October 1998 from 46 males (mean age 59 years) and 30 females (mean age 52 years). Metastatic malignancy was diagnosed in 22 of the 76 patients and in 7/22 cases pericardial effusions were the initial presentation. The subsequent follow‐up in the seven cases revealed adenocarcinoma of lung (n = 2), small cell anaplastic carcinoma of lung (n = 1), squamous cell carcinoma lung (n = 1), melanoma leg (n = 1), non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma retroperitoneal lymph nodes (n = 1) and carcinoma of the breast (n = 1). Of the remaining 15 cases with a known history of malignancy, eight had cancers (three adeno; two small cell; one poorly differentiated, and two squamous cell types) of the lung; breast (n = 3); colon (n = 1); melanoma (n = 2) and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 1). Immunostains which were useful in the diagnosis were EMA, CEA, cytokeratin, B72.3, HMB45, vimentin, S100, LCA, L26 and kappa and lambda light chains.
Proinflammatory Cytokines Disrupt Epithelial Barrier Function by Apoptosis-Independent Mechanisms 1

It is well known that inflammatory conditions of the intestinal mucosa result in compromised barrier function. Inflammation is characterized by an influx into the mucosa of immune cells that influence epithelial function by releasing proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Mucosal barrier function is regulated by the epithelial apical junctional complex (AJC) consisting of the tight junction and the adherens junction. Since the AJC regulates barrier function, we analyzed the influence of IFN-γ and TNF-α on its structure/function and determined the contribution of apoptosis to this process using a model intestinal epithelial cell line, T84, and IFN-γ and TNF-α. AJC structure/function was analyzed by confocal microscopy, biochemical analysis, and physiologic measurement of epithelial gate/fence function. Apoptosis was monitored by determining cytokeratin 18 cleavage and caspase-3 activation. IFN-γ induced time-dependent disruptions in epithelial gate function that were potentiated by coincubation with TNF-α. Tight junction fence function was somewhat disrupted. Cytokine treatment was associated with internalization of AJC transmembrane proteins, junction adhesion molecule 1, occludin, and claudin-1/4 with minimal effects on the cytoplasmic plaque protein zonula occludens 1. Detergent solubility profiles of junction adhesion molecule 1 and E-cadherin and their affiliation with “raft-like” membrane microdomains were modified by these cytokines. Inhibition of cytokine-induced apoptosis did not block induced permeability defects; further emphasizing their primary influence on the epithelial AJC structure and barrier function. Our findings for the first time clearly separate the proapoptotic effects of IFN-γ and TNF-α from their abilities to disrupt barrier function.
Serious Adverse Cutaneous and Hepatic Toxicities Associated With Nevirapine Use by Non–HIV-Infected Individuals

BackgroundNevirapine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase antiretroviral agent. Among HIV-infected individuals, rare instances (<1%) of serious cutaneous and hepatic toxicity have been reported. Because of its favorable pharmacokinetic profile, non–HIV-infected individuals have received nevirapine-containing postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features of cutaneous and hepatic toxicity that occurred when nevirapine was administered to non–HIV-infected individuals. MethodsReports of nevirapine-associated cutaneous or hepatic toxicity occurring among non–HIV-infected individuals were obtained from the US Food and Drug Administration's adverse event reporting system, the pharmaceutic manufacturer, occupational health programs in Chicago, physicians, and case reports. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scoring system was used to grade toxicity. ResultsTwelve non–HIV-infected individuals developed severe cutaneous toxicity, including 3 with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, after 7 to 12 days of nevirapine-containing PEP regimens. Thirty non–HIV-infected individuals developed hepatotoxicity after 8 to 35 days of single-agent nevirapine (n = 8) or a nevirapine-containing PEP regimen (n = 22). Findings included ECOG grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity (n = 14), fevers (n = 11), skin rashes (n = 8), eosinophilia (n = 6), and fulminant hepatic necrosis requiring an orthotopic liver transplant (n = 1). Rates of severe hepatotoxicity (grade 3 or 4) in non–HIV-infected individuals ranged from 10% (4/41) to 62% (5/8). Liver biopsy material from 2 individuals was consistent with a hypersensitivity syndrome. ConclusionsSerious hepatic and cutaneous toxicities can occur in non–HIV-infected individuals who receive short-term nevirapine therapy. The rate of severe hepatotoxicity appears to be greater in non–HIV-infected individuals than in HIV-infected persons and may be associated with higher CD4 counts. The use of PEP regimens containing nevirapine should be discouraged.