Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guided Endodontic Treatment of Calcified Lower Incisors: A Case Report

A 52-year-old female patient was diagnosed with chronic periapical periodontitis associated with severely calcified lower central incisors. Radiographic examination revealed no visible root canal in the coronal-third of the root. After choosing the guided endodontic treatment, an intraoral scan (Trios, 3shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), in conjunction with a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, was taken in order to design and fabricate a printed guide. Virtual implant software was used to visualize the surgical access into the sclerosed root canals. After locating the canals, the guide was removed, and the teeth were treated under a rubber dam. The guided approach allows predictable, efficient endodontic treatment of teeth presenting calcified canals, with minimal removal of sound dentine and less risk of root perforations.
Saccharomyces bayanus Enhances Volatile Profile of Apple Brandies

Qualitative and quantitative profiles of volatiles in alcoholic beverages depend mainly on the quality of raw materials, yeasts used for fermentation, and processing technique. Saccharomyces bayanus is a yeast species which is not commonly used for the production of alcoholic beverages, but it is able to produce volatiles that add desirable aroma. Since there is little information regarding the application of that microorganism for the production of apple brandies and how it affects volatile profile of finished products, we decided to address that issue. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of S. bayanus on the profile of volatile compounds and sensory properties of apple spirits obtained from three apple cultivars (Topaz, Rubin, and Elise) in comparison to spirits obtained from fermentation carried out spontaneously or with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Obtained brandies were analysed using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID), solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) and sensorially. In our study, brandies produced from musts fermented by S. bayanus demonstrated the highest concentration of ethyl esters and increased concentrations of isoamyl acetate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, ethyl palmitate and hexanol. Moreover, our results support the hypothesis that non-Saccharomyces yeasts which are present during spontaneous fermentation and demonstrate higher β-glucosidase activities enhance aroma of alcoholic beverages through releasing aroma compounds from glycosidic forms, e.g., α-phellandrene, (E)-β-fanesene, (Z,E)-α-farnesene, α-farnesene, and farnesol. Considering results obtained in sensory analysis, we proved that S. bayanus is suitable for the production of apple brandies, improving their flavour. Brandies obtained from musts fermented by S. bayanus obtained the highest average range for “overall note” parameter in sensory analysis.
Effect of Curcumin on Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells

Introduction: AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) as key regulators of cell metabolism, plays a major role in the activation of catabolic pathways, such as glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation. Thus, activation of this pathway can be used in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Many studied proposed the effectiveness of the polyphenols present in rhizomes of turmeric (curcumin) on diabetes and its related complications. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of curcumin as an activator of AMPK pathway in C2C12 muscle cells. Methods: This study was done on C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line. The cells were classified into two distinct groups: first group was treated with 40µM curcumin and the second one with 0.1% DMSO as a negative control. The phosphorylated (AMPK) and phosphorylated acetyl COA carboxylase (ACC) were evaluated and compared by Western blotting technique. Results: intracellular phosphorylated AMPK protein content in Curcumin-treated group was 132.6% and ACC protein phosphorylated was 366.47%. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of phosphorylated AMPK and ACC protein in cells treated with curcumin are higher than the negative control. Thus curcumin can be regarded as an activator of AMPK activity in these cells and can assist as a potential target for making anti diabetic medecine that has a synergistic activity with insulin.
Whole cell biophysical modeling of codon-tRNA competition reveals novel insights related to translation dynamics

The importance of mRNA translation models has been demonstrated across many fields of science and biotechnology. However, a whole cell model with codon resolution and biophysical dynamics is still lacking. We describe a whole cell model of translation for E. coli. The model simulates all major translation components in the cell: ribosomes, mRNAs and tRNAs. It also includes, for the first time, fundamental aspects of translation, such as competition for ribosomes and tRNAs at a codon resolution while considering tRNAs wobble interactions and tRNA recycling. The model uses parameters that are tightly inferred from large scale measurements of translation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a robust modelling approach which relies on state-of-the-art practices of translation modelling and also provides a framework for easy generalizations. This novel approach allows simulation of thousands of mRNAs that undergo translation in the same cell with common resources such as ribosomes and tRNAs in feasible time. Based on this model, we demonstrate, for the first time, the direct importance of competition for resources on translation and its accurate modelling. An effective supply-demand ratio (ESDR) measure, which is related to translation factors such as tRNAs, has been devised and utilized to show superior predictive power in complex scenarios of heterologous gene expression. The devised model is not only more accurate than the existing models, but, more importantly, provides a framework for analyzing complex whole cell translation problems and variables that haven't been explored before, making it important in various biomedical fields.
Implementation of stimuli with millisecond timing accuracy in online experiments

Online experiments are growing in popularity. This study aimed to determine the timing accuracy of web technologies and investigate whether they can be used to support high temporal precision psychology experiments. A dynamic sinusoidal grating and flashes were produced by setInterval, CSS3, and requestAnimationFrame (hereafter, rAF) technologies. They were run at normal or real-time priority processing in Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Internet Explorer on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Timing accuracies were compared with that of Psychtoolbox which was chosen as gold standard. It was found that rAF with real-time priority had the best timing accuracy compared to the other web technologies and had a similar timing accuracy as Psychtoolbox in traditional experiments in most cases. However, rAF exhibited poor timing accuracy on Linux. Therefore, rAF can be used as technical basis for accuracy of millisecond timing sequences in online experiments, thereby benefiting the psychology field.
Characterization of post-edited cells modified in the TFAM gene by CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the bovine model

Gene editing in large animal models for future applications in translational medicine and food production must be deeply investigated for an increase of knowledge. The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a member of the HMGB subfamily that binds to mtDNA promoters. This gene maintains mtDNA, and it is essential for the initiation of mtDNA transcription. Lately, we generated a new cell line through the disruption of the TFAM gene in bovine fibroblast cells by CRISPR/Cas 9 technology. We showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 design was efficient through the generation of heterozygous mutant clones. In this context, once this gene regulates the mtDNA replication specificity, the study aimed to determine if the post-edited cells are capable of in vitro maintenance and assess if they present changes in mtDNA copies and mitochondrial membrane potential after successive passages in culture. The post-edited cells were expanded in culture, and we performed a growth curve, doubling time, cell viability, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. The editing process did not make cell culture unfeasible, even though cell growth rate and viability were decreased compared to control since we observed the cells grow well when cultured in a medium supplemented with uridine and pyruvate. They also exhibited a classical fibroblastoid appearance. The RT-qPCR to determine the mtDNA copy number showed a decrease in the edited clones compared to the non-edited ones (control) in different cell passages. Cell staining with Mitotracker Green and red suggests a reduction in red fluorescence in the edited cells compared to the non-edited cells. Thus, through characterization, we demonstrated that the TFAM gene is critical to mitochondrial maintenance due to its interference in the stability of the mitochondrial DNA copy number in different cell passages and membrane potential confirming the decrease in mitochondrial activity in cells edited in heterozygosis.
Association between tooth loss and handgrip strength in a general adult population

Tooth loss is a prevailing condition in China due to the high prevalence of oral diseases. Since previous studies explored the association between tooth loss and handgrip strength showed incongruous results, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between tooth loss and handgrip strength in Tianjin, China. Cross-sectional data in the present study used baseline data of Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) Cohort Study during 2013–2016. Eligible adults (n = 26275) were classified into four groups depending on the number of missing teeth (excluding third molars): 0, 1–2, 3–5 and ≥6. Handgrip strength was measured using a handheld type dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relationships between tooth loss and handgrip strength and handgrip strength per body weight according to gender. After adjustment for potential confounders, the relationships existed between increasing categories of tooth loss and handgrip strength, as well as handgrip strength per weight. The data of stratified analysis showed that there was a trending association between decreased handgrip strength and fewer retained teeth both in males and females less than 60 years of age (P for trend <0.01); whereas no significant association 60 years of age or older. Moreover, loss of more than 3 teeth was significantly associated with reduced muscle strength (P <0.01). Tooth loss is independently associated with handgrip strength in Chinese adults less than 60 years of age.
Comparative Chromosomal Localization of 45S and 5S rDNA Sites in 76 Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato Cultivars

In recent years, the purple-fleshed sweet potato has attracted more attention because of its high nutritional value. The cytogenetics of this crop is relatively unexplored, limiting our knowledge on its genetic diversity. Therefore, we conducted cytogenetic analysis of 76 purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivars to analyze the chromosome structure and distribution of 45S and 5S rDNA. We noted that only 62 cultivars had 90 chromosomes, and the others were aneuploid with 88, 89, 91, or 92 chromosomes. The number of 45S rDNA in the 76 cultivars varied from 16 to 21; these sites showed different signal sizes and intensities and were localized at the chromosomal termini or satellite. The number of 5S rDNA was relatively stable; 74 cultivars showed six sites located at the chromosomal sub-terminal or near the centromere. Only the ‘Quanzishu 96’ and ‘Yuzixiang 10’ showed seven and five 5S rDNA sites, respectively. Additionally, both parent cultivars of ‘Quanzishu 96’ showed 18 45S and six 5S rDNA sites. Overall, our results indicate a moderate diversity in the distribution pattern of rDNAs. Our findings provide comprehensive cytogenetic information for the identification of sweet potato chromosomes, which can be useful for developing a high-quality germplasm resource.
The severity of microstrokes depends on local vascular topology and baseline perfusion

Cortical microinfarcts are caused by blood flow disturbances and are linked to pathologies like cerebral amyloid angiopathy and dementia. Despite their relevance for disease progression, microinfarcts often remain undetected and the smallest scale of disturbance has not yet been identified. We employ blood flow simulations in realistic microvascular networks from the mouse cortex to quantify the impact of single capillary occlusions. We reveal that the severity of a microstroke is strongly affected by the local vascular topology and the baseline flow rate in the occluded capillary. The largest changes in flow rate are observed in capillaries with two in- and two outflows. Interestingly, this specific topological configuration only occurs with a frequency of 8%, while the majority of capillaries are likely designed to efficiently supply oxygen and nutrients. Taken together, microstrokes likely induce a cascade of local disturbances in the surrounding tissue, which might accumulate and impair energy supply locally.
Effect of Weed Control Methods, Cropping Systems, Plant Population and Soil Fertlity Levels on Nutrient Removal and Soil Fertility Status of Maize Field

Results of the experiment conducted at H. P. Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur revealed that controlling weeds with alachlor 1.5 kg/ha (Pre) siginificantly decreased the N, P, K uptake by weeds whereas the same increased in case of maize and soybean crops. The soil fertility status after crop harvest increased significantly due to control of weeds as compared to unweeded check. Intercropping of soybean with maize and increasing maize population decreased the nutrient uptake by weeds but the uptake by maize and soybean increased significantly. Intercropping with soybean, increase in maize population and use of higher doses of fertility resulted in improved fertility staius of Soil after erop harvest.
Nonsurgical treatments for post-traumatic elbow contractures: approaches for the prevention of their development and progression

Post-traumatic contractures are a frequent complication of elbow fractures or dislocations. Periarticular structures such as ligaments, muscle-tendon units, and the joint capsule undergo a fibrotic reaction in response to the injury. While operative approaches are commonly used to address post-traumatic contractures, the results of these procedures infrequently provide restoration of full range of motion (ROM). Nonsurgical methods offer the potential to prevent the development of post-traumatic contractures following injury, or to be an adjunct to an operation to restore full motion following operative release of established post-traumatic contractures. Using animal models of post-traumatic contractures, several authors have reported on nonsurgical methods to alter collagen, inhibit proliferation of (myo)fibroblasts, or modify hyaluronic acid, inflammation or growth factors. Three small, nonrandomized clinical trials have examined nonsurgical adjunct approaches to prevent contractures after fracture-dislocations or recurrence of contractures after operative releases of established contractures. A review of these articles is followed by a discussion of approaches and platforms to advance the understanding of the pathological processes, identify candidate agents, proof of principle in animal models, clinical trials for efficacy and safety, and adoption into
THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION IN RURAL AREAS OF TONEKABON, IRAN

The intestinal parasitic infection is one of the major health problems in northern parts of Iran, especially in rural areas. In order to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the effect of some factors such as age, sex, region on the prevalence of intestinal parasites, a study was carried out in rural areas of Tonekabon, Caspian littoral, from Jul. 1991 to Feb. 1992. A total of 2368 stool samples were randomly collected from different age groups in 27 plain and mountain village. The samples wee examined by direct and formalin – ether concentration methods. 74.6% of samples wee positive for at least one species of intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal helminthes was: Trichuris trichiura 22.5%. Ascaris lumbricoides 16.3%, Strongyloides stercoralis 10.3%, Hook Worms 4.6%, Trichostrongulus. spp. 3.7% and Hymenolepis nana 3%. The prevalence on intestinal protozoa was: Giardia lamblia 29.6%, Entamoeba histolytica 9.6%, Dientamoeba fragilis 2.5%. The rates for Taenia saginata and Enterobius vermicularis (non specific method) were 0.5% and 2.1%, respectively.
Farmers` attitude and behavior toward savings in Ika south local government area of delta state, Nigeria

Commercial banks, Experience, Farmers’ needs, Income ABSTRACT The study ascertained the attitude of farmers towards saving behaviour in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results revealed that the mean age of respondents was 47 years, majority of farmers’ were male (62%) and had formal education (66.2%), mean household size was four persons and farm size had a mean of 2.9 hectares. Farmers have a positive attitude towards saving but were not comfortable with commercial banks. They, however, seek alternative avenues for savings. Level of education, farm size, and years of farming experience were significant determinants of savings. Three top challenges to savings were inadequate income, family responsibility, and cost of inputs. It was recommended that policies that increase farm size/boost farm income be pursued and that commercial banks should pay particular attention to the needs of farmers in service administration to encourage them to develop a positive attitude towards commercial banks.
Integration of high-density genetic mapping with transcriptome analysis uncovers numerous agronomic QTL and reveals candidate genes for the control of tillering in sorghum

Phenotypes such as branching, photoperiod sensitivity, and height were modified during plant domestication and crop improvement. Here, we perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of these and other agronomic traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross between Sorghum propinquum and Sorghum bicolor inbred Tx7000. Using low-coverage Illumina sequencing and a bin-mapping approach, we generated ~1920 bin markers spanning ~875 cM. Phenotyping data were collected and analyzed from two field locations and one greenhouse experiment for six agronomic traits, thereby identifying a total of 30 QTL. Many of these QTL were penetrant across environments and co-mapped with major QTL identified in other studies. Other QTL uncovered new genomic regions associated with these traits, and some of these were environment-specific in their action. To further dissect the genetic underpinnings of tillering, we complemented QTL analysis with transcriptomics, identifying 6189 genes that were differentially expressed during tiller bud elongation. We identified genes such as Dormancy Associated Protein 1 (DRM1) in addition to various transcription factors that are differentially expressed in comparisons of dormant to elongating tiller buds and lie within tillering QTL, suggesting that these genes are key regulators of tiller elongation in sorghum. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of this RIL population in detecting domestication and improvement-associated genes in sorghum, thus providing a valuable resource for genetic investigation and improvement to the sorghum community.
ENERGY EFFICIENT MAC PROTOCOL DESIGN FOR REMOTE PATIENT MONITORING AND MEDICATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

: Internet of Things (IoT) becomes vibrant research field to satisfy the requirements of current trend in healthcare informatics.Time critical applications like patient monitoring in Critical Care Unit (CCU) and remote medication system are necessary to have minimum average end-to-end delay in communication in addition to reduced power consumption.Patient monitoring is a process of acquiring body parameters of a patient present at a remote location. This paper proposed the design, implementation and performance assessment of an enhanced Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) which makes the patients being monitored by a central system and allowed the patients to move freely. This system was simulated in Cooja emulator environment and the results proved the energy efficiency of the system by comparing existing methods and improved implementation attempted more domestically.
Spatial heterogeneity effects on K0 loading

Spatial heterogeneity prevails in soils, even in remolded specimens formed in the laboratory under carefully controlled conditions. Spatial variability prompts the emergence of mechanical phenomena that are not encountered in homogeneous media. The purpose of this study is to explore phenomena associated to spatial variability in soils, taking into consideration their particulate nature. We focus on the effect of variability in soil stiffness on the load-deformation response under zero-lateral strain conditions, using complementary finite element simulations (correlated random media) and experiments (rubber-sand mixtures). Results show the development of non-homogeneous stress and strain fields, intricate load transfer and stress concentration along percolating stiff zones, the reduction in K0 values, more complex interpretation of wave propagation traces for the characterization of small strain stiffness, and suggest judicious use of mixture formulas.
Ultra-Compact High-Linearity High-Power Fully Integrated DC–20-GHz 0.18-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS T/R Switch

A fully integrated ultra-broadband transmit/receive (T/R) switch has been developed using nMOS transistors with a deep n-well in a standard 0.18m CMOS process, and demonstrates unprecedented insertion loss, isolation, power handling, and linearity. The new CMOS T/R switch exploits patterned-ground-shield on-chip inductors together with MOSFET’s parasitic capacitances to synthesize artificial transmission lines, which result in low insertion loss over an extremely wide bandwidth. Negative bias to the bulk or positive bias to the drain of the MOSFET devices with floating bulk is used to reduce effects of the parasitic diodes, leading to enhanced linearity and power handling for the switch. Within dc–10, 10–18, and 18–20 GHz, the developed CMOS T/R switch exhibits insertion loss of less than 0.7, 1.0, and 2.5 dB and isolation between 32–60, 25–32, and 25–27 dB, respectively. The measured 1-dB power compression point and input third-order intercept point reach as high as 26.2 and 41 dBm, respectively. The new CMOS T/R switch has a die area of only 230 m 250 m. The achieved ultra-broadband performance and high power-handling capability, approaching those achieved in GaAs-based T/R switches, along with the full-integration ability confirm the usefulness of switches in CMOS technology, and demonstrate their great potential for many broadband CMOS radar and communication applications.