Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical approach for traffic engineering with suboptimal OSPF routing

Traffic engineering is a mechanism to use network resources more efficiently. Network operators use TE to obtain different objectives such as load balancing, congestion avoidance and average delay reduction. Plane IP routing protocols such as OSPF, a popular intradomain routing protocol, are believed to be insufficient for TE. OSPF is based on the shortest path algorithm in which link weights are set using the inverse proportional bandwidth capacity. Optimization theory helps network researchers to analyze the network behavior more precisely. But this approach lacks feasibility facts. we define a new optimization problem This paper proposes that to address the feasibility requirements a weight set can be calculated in order to be used as a link metric in OSPF.
Research on Interactive Mechanism of Technology Progress and M&A

This paper is based on new growth theory, evolutionary economics and industrial impact hypothesis theoretical basis, Using the mathematical statistics analysis, case analysis, system analysis and inductive method, first respectively expatiates the internal mechanism of technical progress drives M&A and M&A promote technological progress, reveals the interactive of technological progress and the M&A through the establishment of interaction model, then through the comparative analysis of the developed countries ’M&A and technical wave, verifies the positive correlation between the technological progress and M&A, it comes to the conclusion that technical progress is a two-phase dynamic process which contains both technological innovation and technology transfer, in this process, M&A and technical progress exist mutual drive internal mechanism, mainly for technological innovation and transfer make the reallocation of industry resources, which finally drive the M&A waves, then M&A promote the technology innovation and transfer through break the monopoly and concentrate element. The paper is valuable not only in theory but also in practice, which favourable to the establishment of technological progress system and the maturity of the M&A market. Dynamic definition of the technical progress and the establishment of the technical progress and M&A interaction model is the innovation of the article.
Network structures : working differently and changing expectations

There is a growing need for innovative methods of dealing with complex, social problems. New types of collaborative efforts have emerged as a result of the inability of more traditional bureaucratic hierarchical arrangements such as departmental programs to resolve these problems. Network structures are one such arrangement that is at the forefront of this movement. Although collaboration through network structures establishes an innovative response to dealing with social issues, there remains an expectation that outcomes and processes are based on traditional ways of working. It is necessary for practitioners and policy makers alike to begin to understand the realities of what can be expected from network structures in order to maximize the benefits of these unique mechanisms.
Sociale implicaties van herstructurering en herhuisvesting

Herstructurering heeft grote gevolgen voor het aanzien en het functioneren van naoorlogse woonwijken. Sloop, renovatie en nieuwbouw van woningen leiden veelal tot omvangrijke verhuisbewegingen uit, binnen en naar deze wijken. In dit boek nemen we de sociale consequenties van deze verhuisbewegingen en de veranderende bevolkingssamenstelling onder de loep. Wat betekent de verhuizing voor de woonsituatie en de wooncarriere van de vertrekkers, de doorstromers en de nieuwkomers? En hoe kijken de niet-verhuisde blijvers aan tegen de veranderingen in hun omgeving? Het centrale concept van deze studie is sociaal kapitaal, oftewel hulpbronnen die voortvloeien uit sociale netwerken en vertrouwen. De auteur maakt duidelijk in hoeverre vluchtige en terloopse sociale interacties, gedeelde normen en vertrouwen tussen buurtbewoners bijdragen aan hun sociaal kapitaal. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat enkele gangbare veronderstellingen over de sociale effecten van herstructurering niet kloppen. Verder worden aanbevelingen gedaan om de herstructureringspraktijk te verbeteren.
Online recognition of handwritten Telugu script characters

The hand-held devices revolutionized the way users interact and demands support for regional languages. Handwritten interfaces simplify the communication in regional languages without the need for multiple key presses. The handwriting interfaces need to recognize characters while writing. Thus the proposed work attempted to design an efficient SVM-based recognizer for online Recognition of isolated Telugu handwritten characters. The Legendre-Sobolev series coefficients for each of the X and Y coordinates with degree 12 augmented with the sine and cosine angles of the first-to-third and first-to-last vectors are used as features. These 28 simple and easy to extract features combined with number of strokes based pre-classification strategy reported a recognition rate of 90%. The proposed methodology achieved comparable recognition performances with only 28 features as against to hundreds of features used in literature. It is suitable for online recognition as it does not require preprocessing and computation of features may be overlapped with the writing of the character.
Bargaining Solution for Partial Orthogonal transmission over frequency selective interference channel

In a wireless OFDM communication system multiple players share the same spectrum while experiencing different channel realizations. Allocation algorithms exploit this feature and optimize the allocation of frequency bins according to various optimization criteria (e.g., weighted Max-Min, Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS), etc). These allocations do not allow players to transmit on the same frequency bin simultaneously. Thus, the communication channel is not fully utilized when the mutual interferences are weak. Here we propose a more general allocation scheme, called Partial Orthogonal Allocation (POA), where players can transmit simultaneously on some of the frequency bins, and maintain orthogonality of transmission on the other frequency bins. For this schema, the Nash Bargaining Solution is proposed and analyzed.
Virtual Optical Network Provisioning over Flexible-Grid Multi-Domain Optical Networks

We consider virtual optical network (VON) provisioning over a flexible-grid multi-domain optical network with the objective of minimizing total network cost, including the cost of transponders, regenerators, and spectrum. We propose a three-step heuristic algorithm that addresses the issues of domain selection, topology aggregation, and routing, modulation format, and spectrum assignment (RMSA) when mapping virtual optical links onto multi-domain physical optical links. We propose a domain selection technique that attempts to minimize the number of inter- domain virtual optical links. We then suggest a topology aggregation (TA) technique to exchange intra and inter-domain information between domains, and propose a method for RMSA over the aggregated topology. Numerical results show that our heuristic approach is effective in reducing total network cost.
RF Extraction of Self-Heating Effects in FinFETs

Multigate semiconductor devices are celebrated for improved electrostatic control and reduced short-channel effects. However, nonplanar architectures suffer from increases of access resistances and capacitances, as well as self-heating effects due to confinement and increased phonon boundary scattering. In silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, the self-heating effects are aggravated by the presence of a thick buried oxide with low thermal conductivity, which prevents effective heat removal from the device active region to the Si substrate. Due to the shrinking of device dimensions in the nanometer scale, the thermal time constant that characterizes the dynamic self-heating is significantly reduced, and radio frequency extraction techniques are needed. The dynamic self-heating effect is characterized in n-channel SOI FinFETs, and the dependence of thermal resistance on FinFET geometry is discussed. It is experimentally confirmed that the fin width and the number of parallel fins are the most important parameters for thermal management in FinFETs, whereas fin spacing plays a less significant role.
Tuberculosis infection in an Aboriginal (First Nations) population of Canada.

BACKGROUND The incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) among the Cree, an Aboriginal population of Canada, is dropping, but it remains three times that of the general population. We analyzed data from tuberculin skin test (TST) surveys to determine estimates of prevalence of infection and annual risk of infection (ARI) in this population. METHODS TST surveys targeting 12-year-old students were conducted annually from 1993 to 1998. Students with no record of previous positive TST (> or = 10 mm) were offered TST (5 TU PPD-T). Data collected included result of previous TST reading for all students, readings of TSTs performed (mm induration) and BCG (bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccination status for those positive on TST. RESULTS A total of 1274 children were screened (participation rate 94%). TST reaction size frequency distribution plots a bimodal curve. The prevalence of infection among 12 year olds was 15.3% over this period. ARI estimates range from 0.6 to 2.4% (average ARI 1.4%). A significant downward linear trend in ARI was observed over the period (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Calculated ARI may be over-estimated due to prior BCG vaccination; however, the trend in ARI confirms decreasing transmission of TB infection. Better knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among pregnant women is needed to complete the evaluation of the BCG program.
Ambulatory blood pressure variability: a conceptual review

Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) has long been recognized by researchers as the gold standard of blood pressure (BP) measurement. Researchers and clinicians typically rely on the mean measure of ABP; however, there is considerable variability in the beat-to-beat BP. Although often ignored, this variability has been found to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual review of ABP variability (ABPV) focusing on the following: associations between ABPV and health, whether ABPV is reliable, how to calculate ABPV, predictors of ABPV, and treatments for ABPV. Two future directions are discussed involving better understanding ABPV by momentary assessments and improving knowledge of the underlying physiology that explains ABPV. The results of this review suggest that the unique characteristics of ABPV provide insight into the role of BP variability in hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular illness.
Angiotensin II-stimulated collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts is mediated by reactive oxygen species

Objective The aim of the present study was to determine whether inhibition of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] oxidase and of various superoxide generating systems could affect the collagen production, the mRNA and protein expression of collagen types I and III in control and angiotensin II-treated cardiac fibroblasts. Methods Cardiac fibroblasts from passage 2 from normal male adult rats were cultured to confluency and incubated in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 24 h. The cells were then preincubated with(out) the tested inhibitors for 1 h and then further incubated with(out) angiotensin II (1 μmol/l) for 24 h. Collagen production was measured spectrophotometrically with picrosirius red as dye and with [3H]proline incorporation; collagen type I and III content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and collagen type I and III mRNA expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production was assayed as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species was assessed with 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as fluorescent probe. Results Angiotensin II stimulated the collagen production, the collagen I and III content and mRNA expression in cardiac fibroblasts, and apocynin, a membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, abolished this induction. Rotenone, allopurinol, indomethacin, nordihydroguiaretic acid, ketoconazole and nitro-L-arginine (inhibitors of mitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450 oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase, respectively) did not affect the angiotensin II-induced collagen production. Angiotensin II increased the NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production and the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in cardiac fibroblasts, and apocynin abrogated this rise. Conclusions Our data show that in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts the membrane-associated NAD(P)H oxidase complex is the predominant source of superoxide anion and reactive oxygen species generation in angiotensin II-stimulated adult cardiac fibroblasts. Inhibition of this NAD(P)H oxidase complex with apocynin completely blocked the angiotensin II-stimulated collagen production, and collagen I and III protein and mRNA expression.
Femmes-hommes : une inégalité librement consentie ?

Depuis les annees 1970, des lois se sont succede en France pour tenter de retablir l’egalite entre hommes et femmes. En depit des progres observes (Buscatto & Marry, 2009), les ecarts, notamment en termes de salaires, se perpetuent (Meurs & Ponthieux, 2006). La segregation verticale (Laufer, 2004) et horizontale (Fortino, 1999) dont sont victimes les femmes sont, certes, en partie imputables a des phenomenes de discrimination, mais egalement a la socialisation genree, beaucoup plus complexe a identifier et a neutraliser. Comme l’avait mis en evidence Pierre Bourdieu (1998) les femmes participent aussi activement au systeme qui les oppressent.Aussi, dans cette etude, a partir du constat d’un differentiel persistant de salaire a la sortie de leur formation, nous nous interessons aux differences de choix pouvant exister entre etudiants et etudiantes d’ecoles de management en termes de carriere. A travers plusieurs scenarios, nous mettons en evidence la preference des etudiantes pour les options professionnelles les moins risquees, leur offrant plus de stabilite, ou comportant le moins de contraintes, quitte a sacrifier leurs possibilites d’evolution ou le montant de leur salaire. Ajoutons que le fait d’etre en couple ou mariees accentue cette tendance tandis que ce critere n’a aucun impact sur le choix des hommes.Nous discutons de l’impact de ces constats dans le domaine du travail et des moyens de les contrer.
Role of Endogenous Endothelin‐1 in Transplant Obliterative Airway Disease in the Rat

Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) expression is increased after lung transplantation in association with ischemia reperfusion injury and acute rejection. However, little is known of the role of ET‐1 during the development of obliterative bronchiolitis. In this study, we investigated the biological significance of ET‐1 in obliterative airway disease development using a rat tracheal allograft model. Immunoreactivity of ET‐1 and its receptors ET‐RA and ET‐RB was increased four‐fold in allografts compared with syngrafts and localized to mononuclear cells and smooth muscle cells of the myofibroproliferative lesion and airway wall, indicating that ET‐1 may mediate its effects in both a paracrine and autocrine manner in smooth muscle cells. Inhibition of ET‐1 action by a nonselective ET‐1 receptor antagonist, bosentan, significantly decreased tracheal occlusion, which was linked to delayed epithelial necrosis, suppressed smooth muscle cell proliferation, and a marked reduction in the number of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐2 immunoreactive cells. Our findings show that endogenous ET‐1 activation is associated with obliteration of the airway wall, and blocking signaling downstream of ET‐1 receptors leads to attenuation of obliterative airway disease. The results suggest that ET‐1 has a proproliferative and proinflammatory role in the development of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Predicting tumor recurrence of astrocytoma by Ki-67 and proton magnetic resonance spectra

Background: Astrocytoma is the most common primary cerebral tumor and prediction of its prognosis is crucial. In the study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectra of brain astrocytoma and Ki-67 expression and their clinical value in predicting tumor recurrence in astrocytoma after surgery. Methods: 73 patients with astrocytoma underwent surgery were retrospectively included from January 2012 to January 2015. Ki-67 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The ratios of tumor parenchyma choline (Cho)/N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Cho/creatine (Cr), NAA/Cr, and occurrence rates of lactate (Lac) and lipid (Lip) signals were obtained from MRS and compared with Ki-67 expression. The prognostic value of the metabolite ratios and Ki-67 for astrocytoma was analyzed. Results: Ki-67 expression of astrocytoma was increasing significantly with the ratios of Cho/Cr (r=0.305, P=0.009) and Cho/NAA (r=0.468, P=0.000) but decreasing with NAA/Cr (r=-0.480, P=0.000). Correlation analyses suggested that Ki-67 associated with grade and recurrence, Cho/Cr associated with age and recurrence, Cho/NAA associated with grade and recurrence, NAA/ Cr associated with grade, Lac associated with age and recurrence, and Lip associated with grade and recurrence. Multivariate analyses revealed that astrocytoma grade and metabolite ratios Cho/Cr and Lac were independent prognostic factors for recurrence time (Grade, HR=0.337, 95% CI=0.135-0.846; Cho/Cr, HR=0.348, 95% CI=0.1450.839; Lac, HR=0.457, 95% CI=0.228-0.916). Conclusions: MRS data of astrocytoma were associated with Ki-67 expression and can be used to predict tumor recurrence after tumor surgery, thereby helping clinicians make reasonable treatment decisions for astrocytoma patients.
Two-Photon Bremsstrahlung Processes in Atoms: Polarization Effects and Analytic Results for the Coulomb Potential

The partial wave analysis of two-photon free–free (bremsstrahlung) electron transition cross sections during scattering by a static potential U(r), as well as by an atom with a nonzero angular momentum, is carried out. The dipole interaction with radiation is taken into account in the second order of perturbation theory for the general case of elliptic polarization of photons. The polarization and angular dependences of the twophoton potential scattering amplitude is presented as a combination of the scalar product of electron momenta and photon polarization vectors and five atomic parameters containing Legendre polynomials of the scattering angle as well as radial matrix elements depending on the initial (E) and final (E ') electron energies. The results are applicable both for spontaneous double bremsstrahlung at nonrelativistic energies and for induced absorption and emission in the field of a light wave. Specific polarization effects (circular and elliptic dichroism) are analyzed for two-photon bremsstrahlung processes associated with the interference of the Hermite and antiHermite parts of the amplitude and depending on the sign of photon helicity. The limiting cases of high and low photon frequencies are investigated analytically, and the asymptotic forms of radial matrix elements and amplitudes for the general form of the U(r) potential are determined. Closed analytic expressions are derived for the radial matrix elements of the Coulomb potential in the form of integrals of hypergeometric function, and singularities are singled out in explicit form for E ' E. The methods of approximate calculation of the radial matrix elements are discussed, and the results of their exact numerical calculation, as well as angular distributions and the cross sections of induced oneand two-photon emission and absorption, are given for the case of the Coulomb potential. The numerical results show that dichroism effects are quite accessible for experimental observations. © 2002 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”. NUCLEI, PARTICLES, AND THEIR INTERACTION
Identification and Punishment Policies for Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification Attackers Using Delivery-Based Assessment

Spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks represent a major challenge for cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio (CR) networks. In an SSDF attack, a malicious user or many malicious users send false sensing results to the fusion center (FC) to mislead the global decision about spectrum occupancy. Thus, an SSDF attack degrades the achievable detection accuracy, throughput, and energy efficiency of CR networks (CRNs). In this paper, a novel attacker-identification algorithm is proposed that is able to skillfully detect attackers and reject their reported results. Moreover, we provide a novel attacker-punishment algorithm that aims at punishing attackers by lowering their individual energy efficiency, motivating them either to quit sending false results or leave the network. Both algorithms are based on a novel assessment strategy of the sensing performance of each user. The proposed strategy is called delivery-based assessment, which relies on the delivery of the transmitted data to evaluate the made global decision and the individual reports. Mathematical analysis and simulation results show promising performance of both algorithms compared with previous works, particularly when then the number of attackers is very large.
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of the Vascular-Disrupting Agent OXi4503 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Purpose: Preclinical studies show that OXi4503 (combretastatin A1 diphosphate, CA1P) is more potent than other clinically evaluated vascular-disrupting agents. Experimental Design: Escalating doses of OXi4503 were given intravenously over 10 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days to patients with advanced solid tumors. Results: Doses were escalated in single-patient cohorts from 0.06 to 1.92 mg/m2, then expanded cohorts to 15.4 mg/m2 in 43 patients. Common adverse drug reactions were hypertension, tumor pain, anemia, lymphopenia, and easily controllable nausea/vomiting and fatigue. Five patients experienced different drug-related dose-limiting toxicities, atrial fibrillation, increased troponin, blurred vision, diplopia, and tumor lysis. Prophylactic amlodipine failed to prevent adverse events. Pharmacokinetics showed dose-dependent linear increases in peak plasma concentrations and area under the curve value of OXi4503. One partial response was seen in a heavily pretreated patient with ovarian cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI confirmed a dose effect and showed significant antivascular effects in 10 of 13 patients treated at doses of 11 mg/m2 or higher. Conclusions: The maximum tolerated dose was 8.5 mg/m2 but escalation to 14 mg/m2 was possible with only temporary reversible cerebrovascular toxicity by excluding hypertensive patients. As a tumor response was seen at 14 mg/m2 and maximum tumor perfusion reductions were seen at doses of 11 mg/m2 or higher, the recommended phase II dose is from 11 to 14 mg/m2. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1415–25. ©2012 AACR.
Symbolic sensitivity analysis using nullators, norators and modified coates signal - flow graph

In the presented paper a method of determination of the first-order symbolic transfer function sensitivity is developed. It is based on the nullor equivalent presentation of linear networks. An important part of that method takes the use of modified Coates signal-flow graph (MCSFG) and the proposal of an effective way of easy obtaining a SFG representation of the nullor network given. An algorithm and a computer program ldquoHoneySenrdquo present first-order symbolic transfer function sensitivity. Using software the dependence of first-order transfer function sensitivity with respect to a parameter of a passive element is shown.