Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of carotid chemoreceptor‐induced changes in renal haemodynamics and function by carotid baroreflex in dogs.

1. Mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with thiopental sodium and chloralose and artificially ventilated. The carotid sinus regions were vascularly isolated and perfused either with arterial or mixed (arterial and venous) blood (PO2, 44.2 +/‐ 3.3 mmHg, mean +/‐ S.E.M.) to stimulate the chemoreceptors. Cervical vagosympathetic trunks were ligated and atenolol (2 mg kg‐1, I.V.) was given in all dogs and gallamine triethiodide (3 mg kg‐1 h‐1, I.V.) was given in two dogs. Renal blood flow was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter, glomerular filtration rate by creatinine clearance, sodium excretion by flame photometry and solute excretion by osmometry. The viability of the preparations was tested by recording total vascular capacitance responses to stimulation of carotid baro‐ and chemoreceptors. 2. In eleven tests in seven dogs at a constant aortic pressure of 88.9 +/‐ 2.6 mmHg stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors at a high carotid sinus pressure (194.0 +/‐ 3.6 mmHg) resulted in significant increases in urine flow of 22.8 +/‐ 3.0%, urinary sodium excretion of 30.7 +/‐ 5.2%, fractional sodium excretion of 35.3 +/‐ 18.6%, osmolar excretion of 17.5 +/‐ 4.1% and a decrease in free water clearance of 30.8 +/‐ 3.1% without significant changes in urinary sodium concentration, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and filtration fraction. 3. In seventeen tests in these seven dogs at a constant aortic pressure of 94.0 +/‐ 2.2 mmHg, stimulation of carotid chemoreceptor at a low carotid sinus pressure (72.0 +/‐ 1.3 mmHg) resulted in significant decreases in renal blood flow of 10.6 +/‐ 2.5%, glomerular filtration rate of 19.6 +/‐ 6.8%, filtration fraction of 13.2 +/‐ 5.5%, urine flow of 23.4 +/‐ 4.1%, urinary sodium concentration of 20.3 +/‐ 4.1%, urinary sodium excretion of 38.5 +/‐ 4.6%, fractional sodium excretion of 20.2 +/‐ 7.7%, osmolar excretion of 23.9 +/‐ 4.0% and an increase in free water clearance of 23.1 +/‐ 2.5%. 4. The results show that moderate stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors at a low carotid sinus pressure, when the activity in renal nerves is high and blood volume is low, can produce significant reflex decreases in renal haemodynamic and functional variables. However, at a high carotid sinus pressure when the renal sympathetic activity is low and blood volume is high, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation produces diuresis and natriuresis but no change in renal haemodynamics.
Development of Business Strategies of Community Enterprise Entrepreneurs : A Case Study on Herbal Product Business in Lower Central Region 1

Abstract This study aimed to study feature of business operation, method of development of business strategy, success of business of community enterprise entrepreneur group in case study on herbal product business in lower Central Region 1. This study is qualitative research conducting data collection by in-depth interview with key informants from Herbal product entrepreneur group of herbal beverage, spa, herbal medicine and processed food, using random sampling of 50% of lower Central Region 1, and then select the herbal product community enterprise entrepreneurs which were awarded last year from those 4 provinces, in which 80 persons were selected, 2) Group of commercial academicians or specialists in herbal product business 14 persons of which were selected, and then conduct data content analysis. The results indicated that various business activities were incorporated to the community enterprise. The study also revealed that the business strategies designed by the community enterprises differed greatly depending on the type of herb business. To clarify, while spa business pursued the growth strategy, herbal medicine business adopted the product development strategy and the processed food business focused on product identity enhancement. Five approaches to business development by the community enterprise entrepreneurs were identified as follows. 1) Enhancing management knowledge , technical and production skills among the entrepreneurs and employee 2) Improving the product and packaging 3) Developing the business, enhancing knowledge and strengthening connection among the members 4) Providing constant staff training and awareness in environment management 5) Raising self-reliance habits as well as conserving local wisdoms and resources. Keywords : development, business strategy, herbal products, the community enterprises
Time domain bandwidth synthesis for active sonar

This paper presents a technique for extending the bandwidth of chirped active sonar signals. Bandwidth synthesis (BWS) results in improved range resolution, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduced fading due to delay-spread multipath. The approach demonstrated uses a low-order autoregressive (AR) process to model de-chirped segments of the received signal, which are then extrapolated using linear prediction (LP). Both simulated results and an initial sea trial result confirms BWS performance.
Modified ELTRAN® — A game changer for Monolithic 3D

It is well recognized that dimensional scaling has reached its diminishing return phase and the industry is now looking to monolithic 3D to be the future technology driver. This was clearly voiced in the Qualcomm keynote at DAC 2014 and follow-on presentation at ISPD 2015. This paper will present a novel use of the ELTRAN® process developed by Canon Inc. about 20 years ago primarily for SOI applications. Using ELTRAN techniques, a substrate could be prepared enabling any fab to simply integrate a monolithic 3D device without the need to change the current frontline fab process. This flow is further simplified and could be integrated with the game changing monolithic 3D flow introduced last year which leverages the emerging precision bonders, such as EVG's Gemini® XT FB. This flow provides a natural path for product innovation and an unparalleled competitive edge. In addition, this game-changer breakthrough offers a very cost competitive flow.
[Detection of the asymptomatic infection by human papillomavirus in pregnant women and neonates].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the state of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in similar average-aged pregnant women of different gestational periods, in the puerperium and neonates. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to detect HPV-6, 11, 16 and 18 DNA in 30 pregnant women in the first trimester, 42 in the second and 31 in the third (who were followed up to their puerperium), and 30 non-pregnant women asking for intrauterine device in our out-patient clinic were taken as controls. Average age in the four groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Samples from cervical, vaginal exfoliated cells, maternal peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal secretion of the newborns were examined respectively. RESULTS (1) In the first trimester, HPV-DNA was detected in the cervical, vaginal exfoliated cells of 5 cases and in the maternal peripheral blood of 7 cases. (2) In the second trimester, HPV-DNA was detected in the cervical, vaginal exfoliated cells of 12 cases and in the maternal peripheral blood of 11 cases. (3) In the third trimester, HPV-DNA was detected in the cervical, vaginal exfoliated cells of 23 cases and in the maternal peripheral blood of 18 cases. (4) In the puerperium, HPV-DNA was detected in samples of cervical, vaginal exfoliated cells of 8 cases and maternal peripheral blood of 7 cases. (5) In the control group, HPV-DNA was detected in the cervical, vaginal exfoliated cells of 8 cases and in the maternal peripheral blood of 6 cases. (6) Consecutive examinations were carried out in 31 pregnant women from the third trimester, through labor to 6 weeks of postpartum. HPV-DNA was positive in the cervical, vaginal samples of 17, 21 and 8 cases, respectively, according to the perinatal periods, and in the maternal peripheral blood of 14, 13 and 7 cases, respectively. The result through the above gestational stages was fluctuated in the cervical, vaginal samples of 6 cases and in the maternal peripheral blood of 7 cases. (7) Successive examinations in infants at time of birth, 48-72 h and 6 weeks after birth showed positive HPV-DNA in the nasopharyngeal secretion of 13, 6 cases and 1 case with respect to the examining periods. (8) The positive cases were mainly infected by HPV-16, 18. CONCLUSIONS (1) Infective rate of HPV is statistically significant in the third trimester, but no significant difference exists among the first trimester, the second trimester, the puerperium or the non-pregnancies. (2) Examining consecutively, the HPV positive rate is found to be decreased after delivery, the positive expression of HPV during the gestational periods exhibited fluctuation. (3) Infective rate of HPV in the neonatal nasopharyngeal specimens tends to decrease with time after delivery.
Intracellular Retention of the MHC Class I-Related Chain B Ligand of NKG2D by the Human Cytomegalovirus UL16 Glycoprotein1

Infection by human CMV induces expression of the cellular MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) and chain B (MICB) surface proteins, which function as ligands for the activating NKG2D receptor. Engagement of NKG2D triggers NK cells and costimulates Ag-specific effector CD8 αβ T cells. The potency of MHC class I-related chain-NKG2D in stimulating these anti-viral immune responses may be countered by a CMV-encoded transmembrane glycoprotein, UL16, which specifically binds MICB as well as two of the UL16-binding proteins that are ligands of NKG2D. However, the function and significance of these interactions are undefined. Using a stably transfected B cell line, we show that expression of UL16 results in loss of surface MICB. This effect is caused by the failure of newly synthesized MICB to mature and transit the secretory pathway due to physical association with UL16. The intracellular retention of these protein complexes is mediated by a tyrosine-based motif in the cytoplasmic tail sequence of UL16, which determines localization to or retrieval from the trans-Golgi network. Deletion of this motif restores surface expression of MICB, whereas UL16 may be redirected to endosomal compartments. Predictably, the retention of MICB abrogates the stimulatory function of NKG2D. These results suggest a potential mechanism of viral immune evasion. However, this activity remains to be confirmed with CMV-infected fibroblasts or endothelial cells, in particular because MICB is normally coexpressed with MICA, which is not retained by UL16.
Towards High‐Performance Bioinspired Composites

Biological composites have evolved elaborate hierarchical structures to achieve outstanding mechanical properties using weak but readily available building blocks. Combining the underlying design principles of such biological materials with the rich chemistry accessible in synthetic systems may enable the creation of artificial composites with unprecedented properties and functionalities. This bioinspired approach requires identification, understanding, and quantification of natural design principles and their replication in synthetic materials, taking into account the intrinsic properties of the stronger artificial building blocks and the boundary conditions of engineering applications. In this progress report, the scientific and technological questions that have to be addressed to achieve this goal are highlighted, and examples of recent research efforts to tackle them are presented. These include the local characterization of the heterogeneous architecture of biological materials, the investigation of structure–function relationships to help unveil natural design principles, and the development of synthetic processing routes that can potentially be used to implement some of these principles in synthetic materials. The importance of replicating the design principles of biological materials rather than their structure per se is highlighted, and possible directions for further progress in this fascinating, interdisciplinary field are discussed.
Paroxysmal Tonic Upgaze: Physiopathological Considerations in Three Additional Cases

Paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood has been described as a benign distinctive syndrome of abnormal ocular movement, with or without concomitant ataxia. After the first observation of four children, a further 29 patients have been reported with a wide spectrum of neurologic abnormalities such as ataxia, unsteady of gait, learning disabilities and mental retardation at follow-up. Electroencephalograms were normal in all the subjects and magnetic resonance imaging showed deficient myelination in only one patient. Recently it has been suggested that paroxysmal tonic upgaze could be a heterogeneous syndrome, ranging from a simply age-dependent manifestation to a clinical appearance of a variety of disorders affecting the corticomesencephalic loop of vertical eye movement. Moreover, it also could be an early sign of more widespread neurologic dysfunction. We describe three patients who presented paroxysmal tonic upgaze; in one, ataxia was present; in the second child, ataxia and language disorder also were observed; and in the third patient paroxysmal tonic upgaze was associated with loss of muscle tone (drop-attack-like events). On magnetic resonance imaging, a pinealoma compressing the dorsal mesencephalic region was detected. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that any insult with periaqueductal mesencephalic gray-matter involvement could be considered the basic condition for this peculiar clinical manifestation. (J Child Neurol 2000;15:15-18).
A novel strategy to design highly specific PCR primers based on the stability and uniqueness of 3'-end subsequences

MOTIVATION In contrast with conventional PCR using a pair of specific primers, some applications utilize a single unique primer in combination with a common primer, thereby relying solely on the former for specificity. These applications include rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), adaptor-tagged competitive PCR (ATAC-PCR), PCR-mediated genome walking and so forth. Since the primers designed by conventional methods often fail to work in these applications, an improved strategy is required, particularly, for a large-scale analysis. RESULTS Based on the structure of 'off-target' products in the ATAC-PCR, we reasoned that the practical determinant of the specificity of primers may not be the uniqueness of entire sequence but that of the shortest 3'-end subsequence that exceeds a threshold of duplex stability. We termed such a subsequence as a 'specificity-determining subsequence' (SDSS) and developed a simple algorithm to predict the performance of the primer: the algorithm identifies the SDSS of each primer and examines its uniqueness in the target genome. The primers designed using this algorithm worked much better than those designed using a conventional method in both ATAC-PCR and 5'-RACE experiments. Thus, the algorithm will be generally useful for improving various PCR-based applications.
Animal Models of Preeclampsia: Insight into Possible Biomarker Candidates for Predicting Preeclampsia

Aim: Animal models of preeclampsia (PE) have been extensively developed. Angiogenic/angiostatic balance theory bysoluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble endoglin (sEng) for the genesis of PE is one of the most successful models of translational research from bench to bed. However, the balance theory of angiogenic/angiostatic factors does not explain the genesis of PE entirely. We attempted to list articles on animal models of PE and to gain insight into possible biomarker candidates for predicting PE. Methods: We collected 64 articles animal models of PE, consisting of 25 different methods. For angiotensinogen/renin, complement component C1q, 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-ME)/catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), galectin-1 (Gal-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin (IL)-10, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)/L-arginine, we searched for articles on the prediction of PE in PubMed. Results: Angiotensinogen in the first trimester, prorenin at 8 weeks of gestation in women with type 1 diabetes, and plasma prorenin receptor in early pregnancy might predict the occurrence of PE. Low Gal-1 levels during the first trimester might predict the occurrence of PE during the second trimester. IL-10 levels did not change before the onset of PE. Maternal plasma ADMA in the second and third trimesters was higher in women with PE. We could not find any cohort or nested case-control studies on complement component C1q, 2-ME/COMT, and HO-1.
High Sustained Virologic Response Rate after Interferon Monotherapy in Japanese Hepatitis C Patients with a Low HCV RNA Titer and/or HCV Genotype 2

Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA titer and HCV genotype are considered to be major determinants of the outcome of interferon monotherapy. To clarify whether interferon monotherapy is really effective in patients with the appropriate viral parameters, we prospectively examined these parameters and treated the patients with interferon monotherapy. Methods: Sixty-four patients with an HCV RNA titer <100 kIU/ml and/or HCV genotype 2 were enrolled in the study. Eighteen patients with an HCV RNA titer >100 kIU/ml and genotype 1 were also enrolled as controls. All patients were treated with 10 megaunits of interferon-α2b every day for 2 weeks and then 3 times a week for 24 weeks. Results: Of the 64 patients with either HCV RNA <100 kIU/ml and/or genotype 2, seven dropped out from the study. Of the remaining 57 who completed the treatment, 48 (84%) showed a virologic sustained response. In contrast, only 4 of the 18 patients (22%) with HCV RNA >100 kIU/ml and genotype 1 were virologic sustained responders (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our current study showed that the patients with HCV RNA <100 kIU/ml and/or HCV genotype 2 are good candidates for interferon monotherapy.
Highly nonlinear non-silica glass microstructured optical fibers with near-zero dispersion and dispersion slope for 1.55µm applications

Microstructured optical fiber (MOF) technology has generated several new opportunities for the implementation of optical fibers with novel properties and functions [1]. The novel optical properties of MOFs arise from the combination of wavelength-scale features in the fiber cross-section with the large index-contrast of the materials comprising the microstructured cladding. Due to the higher linear (n) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) of non-silica glasses as compared to silica, it has been demonstrated that the effective nonlinearity (γ) of a non-silica glass MOF can be between 2−4 orders of magnitudes higher than that of the conventional silica fiber (g∼1W−1km−1), thus enabling the realisation of compact nonlinear devices operating at practical power levels. However, for such applications as wavelength-conversion, optical parametric amplification, supercontinuum generation etc, apart from a high γ value, it is equally desirable that the nonlinear fiber also exhibits near-zero dispersion and dispersion slope at the operating wavelengths. We report here our recent advances on the fabrication of single-mode highly nonlinear lead-silicate MOFs with low dispersion and dispersion slope values at 1.55 µm.
Macroscopic Sertoli Cell Nodule: A Study of 6 Cases That Presented as Testicular Masses

Sertoli cell nodules are almost always incidental microscopic lesions found in both cryptorchid and normally descended testes. Sertoli cell nodules, when present as masses or ultrasonographic lesions, may create diagnostic confusion. Herein, we report 6 cases of macroscopic Sertoli cell nodules that were received in consultation. The referral diagnoses included Sertoli cell tumor (2 cases), sex cord tumor with annular tubules (1 case), and gonadoblastoma (1 case). The patients were 19 to 36 years old: 3 patients presented with palpable testicular masses and 3 with lesions that were worrisome for neoplasms in ultrasonographic examinations conducted for pain (2 cases) or infertility (1 case). All were phenotypically normal male patients who lacked endocrine symptoms. The Sertoli cell nodules ranged from 6 to 10 mm in diameter and on microscopic examination consisted of circumscribed proliferations of immature Sertoli cells, globules and trabeculae of basement membrane, and spermatogonia in varying proportions. In 2 cases the lesion was distinctly intratubular, consisting of closely packed tubules containing various components; in the other cases there was confluent growth of the tubules. Immunostains for &agr;-inhibin highlighted the Sertoli cells (5 of 5 cases), with the germ cells appearing in negative relief. An antibody for testis-specific protein, Y-encoded (TSPY), stained the spermatogonia (2 of 2 cases), whereas OCT 3/4 was negative in all the cases (5 of 5 cases). We conclude that Sertoli cell nodules may present clinically as mass lesions, and that it is important to distinguish them from true neoplasms to avoid unnecessary procedures.
Current-controlled negative differential resistance due to Joule heating in TiO2

We show that Joule heating causes current-controlled negative differential resistance (CC-NDR) in TiO2 by constructing an analytical model of the voltage-current V(I) characteristic based on polaronic transport for Ohm’s Law and Newton’s Law of Cooling and fitting this model to experimental data. This threshold switching is the “soft breakdown” observed during electroforming of TiO2 and other transition-metal-oxide based memristors, as well as a precursor to “ON” or “SET” switching of unipolar memristors from their high to their low resistance states. The shape of the V(I) curve is a sensitive indicator of the nature of the polaronic conduction.
La antropología del cuerpo y las ciencias cognitivas frente al enfoque situacional de la mente

Dentro de la ‘zona de interfaz’ que se produce entre la antropología del cuerpo y las ciencias cognitivas, se reúnen nuevos marcos teóricos que incluiremos dentro del ‘enfoque situado de la mente’, el cual, de manera general, sostiene que la mente es vista no de manera aislada sino en relación a un cuerpo y a un entorno, es decir, es vista de manera ‘situada, encarnada o incrustada’. Es nuestra tarea evaluar si, situados dentro de esta zona de interfaz delimitada, tal enfoque podría ofrecer un andamiaje epistemológico adecuado para el análisis de algunas prácticas antropológicas. Comenzaremos por describir en qué consiste la zona de interfaz mencionada y a continuación consideraremos las dos áreas que la constituyen. Luego, a propósito de la relevancia de la relación cuerpo-mente-mundo a la que ambas disciplinas se dirigen, describiremos algunas de las vertientes filosóficas más relevantes en relación a tal articulación. Para finalizar, nos detendremos en la concepción ‘refinada’ de representación, que postula el enfoque situado y su eventual ventaja a la hora de analizar críticamente ‘la antropología de y desde los cuerpos’.