Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Wage Expectations: Sorting, Children, and Negotiation Styles

This paper presents evidence from a large-scale study on gender differences in expected wages before labor market entry. Based on data for over 15,000 students, we document a significant and large gender gap in wage expectations that closely resembles actual wage differences, prevails across subgroups, and along the entire distribution. To understand the underlying causes and determinants, we relate expected wages to sorting into majors, industries, and occupations, child-rearing plans, perceived and actual ability, personality, perceived discrimination, and negotiation styles. Our findings indicate that sorting and negotiation styles affect the gender gap in wage expectations much more than prospective child-related labor force interruptions. Given the importance of wage expectations for labor market decisions, household bargaining, and wage setting, our results provide an explanation for persistent gender inequalities.
Spousal Insurance, Precautionary Labor Supply, and the Business Cycle - A Quantitative Analysis

I document that aggregate hours worked and employment are significantly less cyclical for married women than for married men and single women. Married women are less likely to leave the labor force and are more attached to employment in recessions. Furthermore, I show that men have a strongly countercyclical job loss probability. Using a two-person household model with labor market frictions, I show that married women exhibit precautionary labor supply in response to the higher threat of job loss experienced by their husband in recessions and thus, offer spousal insurance. The cyclicality of men’s job loss probability accounts for the majority of married women’s low cyclicality of employment.
Successes and Struggles with Computational Reproducibility: Lessons from the Fragile Families Challenge

Reproducibility is fundamental to science, and an important component of reproducibility is computational reproducibility: the ability of a researcher to recreate the results of a published study using the original author’s raw data and code. Although most people agree that computational reproducibility is important, it is still difficult to achieve in practice. In this article, the authors describe their approach to enabling computational reproducibility for the 12 articles in this special issue of Socius about the Fragile Families Challenge. The approach draws on two tools commonly used by professional software engineers but not widely used by academic researchers: software containers (e.g., Docker) and cloud computing (e.g., Amazon Web Services). These tools made it possible to standardize the computing environment around each submission, which will ease computational reproducibility both today and in the future. Drawing on their successes and struggles, the authors conclude with recommendations to researchers and journals.
The Effect of a Powered Lower-Body Exoskeleton on Physical and Cognitive Warfighter Performance

This study analyzed the performance of twelve military members in a simulated, fatigue-inducing patrol task under three conditions: wearing a powered exoskeleton, wearing an unpowered exoskeleton, and without wearing an exoskeleton. While walking with weight at a prescribed pace over obstacles while following a confederate, participants were subject to a dual-task cognitive test in which they answered radio calls and visually scanned for lighted targets. Cognitive load was varied through a secondary radio task and measured with a visual reaction time test. Physical load and cognitive load were varied throughout the test. For this paper, the dependent measures of interest were reaction time for the visual task and lag time behind the confederate. Significant differences and interactions were found in the visual reaction time among the exoskeleton conditions, physical loads, and cognitive loads. Significant differences and interactions were also found for the lag time of the subject behind their prescribed pace, and the variability of this lag time. Both measures had significant interactions with subject. Future work should examine what design features of the exoskeleton and capability of the human are related to these variabilities. An understanding of subject variability can lead to improvements in integrated exoskeleton design.
Organizational learning in SMEs and global chains of value

The objective of this article is to show that a greater organizational learning in Mexican SMEs is gained when they establish supplier relationships with multinational enterprises (MNE). Data was collected through a questionnaire applied to SMEs managers in the Estate of Sonora, in Northern Mexico. The statistical method of comparison of means by independent groups was used and an organizational learning factor was developed. The study is based on the theoretical approaches of innovation systems and organizational learning. It was possible to verify the hypothesis that SMEs that are providers of MNEs achieve a superior organizational learning to those companies which do not. We found that there is a correlation between organizational learning and their participation in global chains of value.
Hydrogels for potential food application: Effect of sodium alginate and calcium chloride on physical and morphological properties

The purpose of present work was to study the effect of hydrocolloids and divalent ions on physical and morphological properties of beads (Imitated fruit pieces). Dropping method was followed to prepare alginate beads, involving cross linking of sodium alginate in calcium chloride solution. The effect of different concentration of alginate and divalent ion on the particle size, drying rate, color, gelling time and surface characteristics (SEM) was observed. The size and surface characteristics of the beads were significantly affected depending upon the sodium alginate and calcium chloride concentration. The beads with best characteristics were selected on the basis of physical and sensory evaluation. Based on the results the 2 % (w/v) sodium alginate and 3 % (w/v) calcium chloride concentration was used to prepare sugar loaded alginate beads. The sugar loaded beads were assessed for storage stability and found to be acceptable up to 30 days at ambient temperature. These imitated fruit can be used in various food products like dairy and bakery products or as topping in food products.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Pedestrian Detection with Multi-Levels Features Fusion

Pedestrian detection aims to localize and recognize every pedestrian instance in an image with a bounding box. The current state-of-the-art method is Faster RCNN, which is such a network that uses a region proposal network (RPN) to generate high quality region proposals, while Fast RCNN is used to classifiers extract features into corresponding categories. The contribution of this paper is integrated low-level features and high-level features into a Faster RCNN-based pedestrian detection framework, which efficiently increase the capacity of the feature. Through our experiments, we comprehensively evaluate our framework, on the Caltech pedestrian detection benchmark and our methods achieve state-of-the-art accuracy and present a competitive result on Caltech dataset.
A review of fingerprint recovery within an arson crime scene

Fingerprints have been used in criminal investigations in the United Kingdom since 1902. Many advances in research and technology have improved current opportunities for fingerprint recovery at crime scenes. Possibly due to the lack of training and research, the recoverability of fingerprints in a fire scene are undervalued and misunderstood. There is a widespread misconception that fire will destroy all fingerprint evidence. Evaluation of current literature available has shown that fingerprints can indeed be recovered with excellent results. Fire scenes, in particular deliberate or arson, can be examined with reference to the elevated temperature conditions at each stage and the understanding of the soot removal techniques is paramount to the investigation process. Further research is required to make advancement in fire scene fingerprint recovery.
Online Prediction of Hot Metal Temperature Using Transient Model and Moving Horizon Estimation

Precise control of hot metal temperature (HMT) is crucial for achieving stable operation of a blast furnace, but it is difficult due to the sluggish dynamics caused by the huge heat capacity. To cope with such difficulty, this work aims at developing a method that can predict future HMT by adopting moving horizon estimation (MHE) based on a one-dimensional transient model. MHE is useful to successively adjust model parameters so that the undesirable influence of past disturbances on the prediction is minimized. The real application result demonstrated that the root mean square error (RMSE) of HMT of eight-hour-ahead prediction was only 11.6 ° C. The high-performance prediction enables operators to realize the effi-cient operation of the blast furnace.
Service ecosystem well-being: conceptualization and implications for theory and practice

Purpose: This paper aims to conceptualize and characterize service ecosystems, addressing calls for research on this important and under-researched topic. Design/methodology/approach: The authors draw on four meta-theoretical foundations of S-D logic – resource integration, resource density, practices and institutions – providing a new integrated conceptual framework of ecosystem well-being. They then apply this conceptualization in the context of a complex healthcare setting, exploring the characteristics of ecosystem well-being at the meso level. Findings: This study provides an integrated conceptual framework to explicate the nature and structure of well-being in a complex service ecosystem; identifies six key characteristics of ecosystem well-being; illustrates service ecosystem well-being in a specific healthcare context, zooming in on the meso level of the ecosystem and noting the importance of embedding a shared worldview; provides practical guidance for managers and policy makers about how to manage complex service ecosystems in their quest for improving service outcomes; and offers an insightful research agenda. Research limitations/implications: This research focuses on service ecosystems with an illustration in one healthcare context, suggesting additional studies that explore other industry contexts. Practical implications: Practically, the study indicates the imperative for managing across mutually adapting levels of the ecosystem, identifying specific new practices that can improve service outcomes. Social implications: Examining well-being in the context of a complex service ecosystem is critical for policymakers charged with difficult decisions about balancing the demands of different levels and actors in a systemic world. Originality/value: The study is the first to conceptualize and characterize well-being in a service ecosystem, providing unique insights and identifying six specific characteristics of well-being.
Spatio-Temporal Encoder-Decoder Fully Convolutional Network for Video-Based Dimensional Emotion Recognition

Video-based dimensional emotion recognition aims to map human affect into the dimensional emotion space based on visual signals, which is a fundamental challenge in affective computing and human-computer interaction. In this paper, we present a novel encoder-decoder framework to tackle this problem. It adopts a fully convolutional design with the cascaded 2D convolution based spatial encoder and 1D convolution based temporal encoder-decoder for joint spatio-temporal modeling. In particular, to address the key issue of capturing discriminative long-term dynamic dependency, our temporal model, referred to as Temporal Hourglass Convolutional Neural Network (TH-CNN), extracts contextual relationship through integrating both low-level encoded and high-level decoded clues. Temporal Intermediate Supervision (TIS) is then introduced to enhance affective representations generated by TH-CNN under a multi-resolution strategy, which guides TH-CNN to learn macroscopic long-term trend and refined short-term fluctuations progressively. Furthermore, thanks to TH-CNN and TIS, knowledge learnt from the intermediate layers also makes it possible to offer customized solutions to different applications by adjusting the decoder depth. Extensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark databases (RECOLA, SEWA and OMG) and superior results are shown compared to state-of-the-art methods, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Hidden Marks: A study of women students’ experiences of harassment, stalking, violence and sexual assault

This research was carried out by the National Union of Students between August 2009 and March 2010. During this time we conducted a literature review and an online survey of 2058 women students’ experiences of harassment, financial control, control over their course and institution choices, stalking, violence, and sexual assault. Only current students were asked to fill in the survey, and questions were only asked about students' experiences at their current institution.
Environmental Barriers and Facilitators to Participation of People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: stakeholders’ perspective

Introduction: Social participation is a vital construct in inclusive philosophies and practices across communities. People with Autism Spectrum Disorders have been facing autism-related and environmental participation restrictions, placing them at risk of social exclusion and institutionalization. A multinational project has been developed in order to identify vital facilitating factors and establish PCP system for persons with ASD and tools for facilitators, as well as a ‘master class’ course for facilitators in several south-eastern European countries. The aim of the study is to identify the most common barriers to participation faced by individuals with ASD and to highlight facilitating factors that can be utilised in development of an autism specific PCP approach. Methodology: a mixed methodology employing concurrent qualitative-quantitative triangulation design was used. The participants consisted of four groups of stakeholders: young people with ASD, parents & family members of children/young people with ASD, teachers, and professionals. The data was collected via interviews and questionnaires with participants from the mentioned groups, using closed-ended and open-ended questions. Results: thematic analysis of the information gathered from the interviews and questionnaires was detailed by topics. Each topic was viewed with regards to barriers and facilitators to social participation. Conclusions: people with ASD have unique support needs that are qualitatively different from other special needs and communities are lacking specific understanding and approaches in meeting those needs. Insights from key stakeholders’ view point represents indispensable considerations in Person-Centred support for overcoming barriers to social participation and promoting health, equity and well-being of persons with ASD.
The Functional Architecture of Interval Timing

ABSTRACT The following set of experiments investigates the fundamental mechanism proposed to underlie interval timing and addresses a key question in timing research pertaining to the underlying functional architecture. Numerous models have been proposed in an attempt to illustrate and explain timing performance, some based on dedicated features employing a specialised mechanism, whilst others suggest that time perception is inherent in neural dynamics. An influential set of models posit that the brain contains a mechanism akin to a mental stopwatch which can be started, stopped and paused at will. This premise was tested in the first experimental chapter, the expected decline in performance was calculated in line with model predictions. The observed deterioration significantly exceeded the calculated predictions indicating that human timing is not akin to that of a ‘stopwatch’ when timing short durations and is incongruent with the predictions of a pacemaker accumulator type mode that can be paused at will. Psychophysical methods have revealed that interval timing conforms to a fundamental property in sensory processing known as Weber’s Law. Lawful relationships such as these are important because they inform and constrain models of human interval timing. The adherence to this property was investigated across a range of durations using two comparable tasks in the following experiment. Although violations across certain durations were observed, these were not mirrored in both the utilised tasks to a statistically significant degree. The results could tentatively be argued to suggest certain constraints on the scalar model albeit a firm conclusion cannot be asserted. The second question pertaining to multimodal processing across a range of tasks and durations, indicative of the underlying architecture of interval timing, (i.e. ‘one clock or many’) was addressed via transfer of learning and correlation in the two final experiments. Perceptual learning and the generalisation to untrained durations and temporal tasks was assessed in the first of these two chapters. Training was observed to improve performance at a few of the practised durations with a more global improvement for one participant across untrained durations. Generalisation to the motor tasks from the perceptual task was observed consistently in two of the longer trained durations for all three participants pointing to a partially shared or overlapping interval timing structure. The next study further addressed some of the dichotomies reported in timing literature, with a key focus on explicit and implicit timing. Particular attention was also bestowed on timing in language: the language task based on phoneme closure duration and not overly reliant on contextual cues was observed to have a significant association with both motor and perceptual timing tasks. The results of the conducted experiments when taken together point to independent mechanisms which nonetheless possess a significant overlap.
Optimizing Nitrogen and Residue Management to Reduce GHG Emissions while Maintaining Crop Yield: A Case Study in a Mono-Cropping System of Northeast China

Reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers and returning straw to field are being promoted in northeast China (NEC). In this paper, the agricultural production system model (APSIM) was applied to assess the long-term variations of crop yield and soil GHG emissions in a maize mono-cropping system of NEC, and the simulation results were combined with lifecycle assessment to estimate annual GHG emissions (GHGL) and GHG emission intensity (GHGI, GHG emissions per unit yield) of different agricultural practices. Under current farmers’ practice, emissions due to machinery input (including production, transportation, repair, and maintenance) and soil organic carbon (SOC) decline accounted for 15% of GHGL, while emissions from nitrogen fertilizer input (production and transportation) and direct N2O emissions from soil accounted for the majority (~60% of GHGL). Current farmers’ practice in terms of N application and residue management are nearly optimal for crop production but not for climate change mitigation. Reducing N input by 13% and increasing straw retention by 20% can maintain crop yield and SOC, and also reduce GHGL and GHGI by 13% and 11%, respectively. However, it is not feasible to incorporate the straw used as household fuel into soil, which could incur substantial fossil CO2 emissions of 3.98 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 resulting from the substitution of coal for straw. APSIM was successful in simulating crop yield, N2O emissions, and SOC change in NEC, and our results highlight opportunities to further optimize management strategies (especially for the nitrogen and straw management) to reduce GHG emissions while maintaining crop yield.
Design of Reliable Body Channel Communication Transceiver with Spread Spectrum Clock Generator and PNR Generator

In this work, the communication of a channel in the human body has a characteristic (time-domain) which can be measured at various distances in transmission and various frequencies of a signal by the printed circuit board-an analog frontend board (PCB-AFE) support. Besides, for the wideband signal of Body Channel Communication (BCC), a human body skin acts within a range of 1 Mb/s to 40 Mb/s as the transmission medium. This communication is more stable and attenuating low power while comparing with all another transmission medium in wireless. Moreover, due to the motion of a human body, this communication doesn't get affected. Though, the body antenna gives effects in the communication of a channel of the human body by occurs some interference. The Manchester data acts as encoder and decoder in transmitter and receiver parts respectively, in an AFE-PCB the Manchester encoder data is amplified after receiving the data from end to end channel of a human body. The data quality is improved by 7X sampler in clock data recovery (CDR) circuit. Therefore, the proposed design of reliable BCC Transceiver with SSCG and PNR Generator is processed in XilinxISE14.5, ModelSim Simulator 6.5a (Quartus II 8.1), and Micro wind software tools. It is also implemented in a XilinxXC9572XL kit. The power consumption and delay is reduced up to 90%, speed is increased up to 50% and leakage current is reduced up to 80% in the transmitter part.
O contexto e a compreensão lexical na leitura em português: língua estrangeira

Este trabalho investiga o efeito do contexto sobre a compreensao de itens lexicais durante o processamento da leitura em portugues - lingua estrangeira (PLE), uma vez que a leitura tem sido indicada como uma tarefa eficiente para o aprendiz conhecer novas palavras ou novos significados para as que ja conhece e, assim, ampliar o seu vocabulario na lingua que estuda. Embora a literatura ressalte a importância do contexto sobre a compreensao lexical, nao existe uma teoria amplamente aceitavel que comprove essa questao. A evidencia de um possivel efeito positivo do contexto sobre a elucidacao do significado de itens lexicais desconhecidos (ou irreconhecidos) por aprendizes de PLE e aqui investigada, restringindo-se a nocao de compreensao ao estagio em que o leitor procura construir um sentido a um vocabulo, demonstrando te-lo entendido ao parafrasea-lo. O problema e investigado sob dois enfoques diferentes e complementares: realiza-se analise quantitativa e analise qualitativa dos dados coletados dos 93 informantes. O teste foi a principal medida estatistica usada para se avaliar quantitativamente os resultados. Com base em estudo de dispersao de frequencias, verifica-se: 1) a relatividade do efeito positivo do contexto sobre a compreensao pelos informantes; 2) a existencia de diferentes graus de dificuldade dos itens lexicais para o grupo de aprendizes que participou desta pesquisa e 3) a presenca de diferentes graus de eficiencia do contexto sobre a compreensao desses itens. Os dados de enfase qualitativa foram analisados a partir de depoimentos dos aprendizes em entrevista retrospectiva. Assim, considerando-se a complexidade do fenomeno da leitura que envolve interacao de varios componentes, elegeu-se o modelo interativo como mais conveniente a descricao dos mecanismos de leitura em PLE na tentativa de se verificar em que medida o contexto verbal (o proprio item lexical, a estrutura da sentenca em que o item esta inserido, o discurso textual como um todo) e o contexto nao-verbal (o conhecimento previo, a memoria, a afetividade, dentre outros) podem ter contribuido para a compreensao lexical. Nesse sentido, procura-se descrever os recursos utilizados pelos aprendizes de PLE ao buscarem um significado para itens lexicais desconhecidos ou irreconhecidos, durante a leitura de texto autenuco (escrito em portugues por autor brasileiro, sem fins didaticos).