Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DVODIMENZIONALNO MODELIRANJE TOKA S PROSTO GLADINO TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF FREE SURFACE FLOW

Najprej so opisane teoretične osnove dvodimenzionalnih (2D) globinsko povprečnih modelov PCFLOW2D in PCFLOW2D-CURVE. Temeljne enačbe kontinuitete, ohranitve gibalne količine ter transporta turbulentne kinetične energije na enoto mase in stopnje njene disipacije so rešene s pomočjo numerične metode končnih volumnov. Prikazanih je več primerov izračuna tokov: stalni tok v ožini reke Idrijce, dvodimenzionalni tok reke Savinje v Laškem, nestalni tok po porušitvi pregrade v hipni razširitvi in tok zaradi plime in oseke v sistemu treh mehiških pacifiških lugun Jitzamuri, Agiabampo in Bacorehuis. Primerjava rezultatov z meritvami v naravi in na fizičnih modelih je pokazala zadovoljivo ujemanje. Ključne besede: dvodimenzijsko matematično modeliranje, globinsko povprečni model, krivočrtne koordinate, ožina Idrijce, Savinja, Laško, porušitveni val, mehiške lagune
Uncertainty principle and superradiance

Hasegawa Yuji of the Vienna University of Technology and Masaaki Ozawa of Nagoya University and other scholars published empirical results against Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle on January 15, 2012.They got a measurement result with a smaller error than the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which proved the measurement advocated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.This article follows the method I used to study superradiation and connects the uncertainty principle with the superradiation effect. I found that under the superradiation effect, the measurement limit of the uncertainty principle can be smaller.
Board structure, firm performance and risk: Recent evidence from Greece

Given that, quite frequently, the administration of a modern company and its ownership are separated from each other, the various corporate governance codes and laws around the globe require that the board of a firm work in the best interest of the owners. In other words, the board should always seek to maximize the profit of the shareholders. From an empirical point of view, the separation of Abstract
Production Trends in Mature Macadamia Orchards and the Effects of Selective Limb Removal, Side-hedging, and Topping on Yield, Nut Characteristics, Tree Size, and Economics

Yields of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla, and hybrids) orchards tend to increase with increasing tree size up to 94% light interception. Beyond this, there is some indication that crowding leads to yield decline, but the evidence is limited to one site. Increasing tree size and orchard crowding also present numerous management problems, including soil erosion, harvest delays, and increased pest and disease pressure. The aim of this study was to better characterize long-term yield trends in mature orchards and to assess the effects of manual and mechanical pruning strategies on yield, nut characteristics, tree size, and economics. We monitored yield at four sites in mature ‘344’ and ‘246’ orchards for up to seven years and confirmed a decline in yield with crowding for three of the sites. There was a small increase in yield over time at the fourth site, which may reflect the lower initial level of crowding and shorter monitoring period compared with the other sites, and highlights the need for long-term records to establish yield trends. Pruning to remove several large limbs from ‘246’ trees to improve light penetration into the canopy increased yield relative to control trees but the effect was short-lived and not cost-effective. Removal of a codominant leader from ‘344’ trees reduced yield by 21%. Annual side-hedging of ‘246’ trees reduced yield by 12% and mechanical topping of ‘344’ trees caused a substantial reduction in yield of up to 50%. Removal of limbs in the upper canopy to reduce the height of ‘344’ trees had less effect on yield than topping but re-pruning was not practical because of the extensive regrowth around the pruning cuts. Tree size control is necessary for efficient orchard management, but in this study, pruning strategies that controlled tree size also reduced yield. Research into the physiological response to pruning in macadamia is required to improve outcomes.
Lineage sorting and phylogeography in Lithocarpus formosanus and L. dodonaeifolius (Fagaceae) from Taiwan

Gene genealogy of the cpDNA atpB-rbcL noncoding spacer was reconstructed to assess the phylogeographic pattern of two closely related oaks, Lithocarpus formosanus (Skan) Hayata and L. dodonaeifolius (Hayata) Hayata (Fagaceae). High levels of nucleotide and haplotype diversities but low levels of genetic differentiation between species and among populations were detected. The result is consistent with the paraphyly of this cpDNA spacer in both species suggested by a neighbor-joining analysis. A minimum spanning network of the cpDNA haplotypes identified two major clades, A and A' (consisting of clades of B, C, and D). No clades were confined to either species or single populations. Clades B and C did not occur in two smaller populations of L. dodonaeifolius. The apportionment of haplotypes between species and populations indicated a lineage sorting of the cpDNA noncoding spacer. On the contrary, RAPD fingerprints revealed limited ongoing gene How and significant genetic differentiation between species and among populations. Given low possibilities that seeds disperse across a long geographic range in the modern vegetation, high Nm values, estimates of number of migrants per generation deduced from the seed-carried organelle DNA marker are likely to represent historical migrations. A migrant-pool model explains the heterogeneous composition of the organelle DNA within populations and the low differentiation among populations. According to geological evidence, during the deglaciation period common ancestral populations were possibly forced to migrate into refugia at local peaks. Invading and adapting to habitats of different elevations, two oaks flower with a lag interval of about half a month, which may have triggered the reproductive isolation and speciation. Ancestral polymorphic alleles, however, prolonged the lineage sorting period within populations and species. Given a relatively short evolutionary duration since isolation, high genetic heterogeneity has made the attainment of coalescence improbable.
From solid to granular gases: the steady state for sands

This paper aims at extending the well known critical state concept, associated with quasi-static conditions, by accounting for the role played by the strain rate when focusing on the steady, simple shear flow of a dry assembly of identical, elastic spheres. A constitutive model is proposed and interpreted in the framework of visco-plasticity. The model includes the granular temperature, a measure of the degree of agitation of the particles, as an additional state variable. The stresses of the system are associated with enduring, frictional contacts among particles involved in force chains and nearly instantaneous collisions. When the first mechanism prevails, the material behaves like a solid, and constitutive models of soil mechanics hold; whereas when inelastic collisions dominate, the material flows like a granular gas and kinetic theories apply. The predictions of the model for the steady, simple shear flow of 1 mm sand are discussed. At large values of the normal stress and small values of the shear rate, the theory predicts a strain rate softening that can have important implications e.g. on the evolution of landslides.
Comparison between breeding values for milk production and reproduction of bulls of Holstein breed in artificial insemination and bulls in natural service.

Breeding values of bulls in artificial insemination (AI) and bulls in natural service (NS) in the Czech Republic were evaluated. Examined bulls were of Holstein breed, born between the years 1996 and 2001. Concerning a breeding value for kg of milk (AI = 177.54; NS = 50.12) and a relative breeding value (EBV) for kg of protein (AI = 100.03; NS = 97.23) significant higher values (p > 0,05) in AI bulls compared to NS bulls were shown. Other indicators of milk production (kg, % of fat and protein) showed not significant values. NS bulls showed not significant more positive breeding values of reproduction indicators compared to AI bulls. Reproduction indicators involved in the research were: male fertility (AI = -0.45; NS = -0.02), female fertility (AI = -0.91; NS = 0.08) and a relative breeding value for fertility (AI = 99.95; NS = 102.1). Breeding values of AI bulls compared to NS bulls where significant higher in case of the milk production (kg Milk and RBV) but not significant lower in case of the fertility.
The Impact of Customer Relationship Management Practices on Customer Loyalty via the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction in Banks

The study examines customer relationship management practices of public sector banks in Tirupati. There is a need to understand different customer-centric dimensions of CRM with their impact on customer satisfaction. It measures the influence of customer relationship management practices on public sector banks. The research aims to focus the mediating the role of customer satisfaction among CRM practices and customer loyalty. The research deploys by Regression and ANOVA using the IBM SPSS trial version to analyze the mediation effect of customer satisfaction between CRM practices and customer loyalty. 400 Customers of the select public sector banks were collected using a convenience sampling technique. To assess the CRM practices towards public sector banks in Tirupati. The existing study comes up with perceptive outcomes and recommendations about customer satisfaction, CRM practices and customer loyalty.
Vitamins D Toxicity in Paediatric Age Group: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

Background: Vitamin D is an essential element for body health with its supplements generally administered to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Since these supplements are available in domestic settings, vitamin D toxicity may happen in children. Methods: All children younger than 12 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department of our Hospital with history of ingestion of more than 1500 IU/day of vitamin D supplements were enrolled. Patients’ demographic data, on-presentation signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments given, and outcome were evaluated. Result: Fifteen patients presented during the study period. Their mean age was 46.53 ± 10.14 months and 12 (80%) were girls. All of them had unintentionally ingested vitamin D. Mean ingested dose was 406700.7 ± 227400.1 IU. In eight patients (53.3%), 25 hydroxy vitamin D level was more than 100 ng/mL. One patient experienced hypercalcemia while all of them were asymptomatic and discharged without complications. There was no significant difference between patients with and without high levels of 25 OH vitamin D regarding lab tests, toxicity course, and outcome. Conclusions: It seems that acute vitamin D toxicity is a benign condition in our pediatric population which may be due to high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in India.
GC-MS analysis and inhibitory effect of Kigelia africana Leaf extract and fractions on 5- lipoxygenase

The study investigated the inhibitory role of kigelia africana leaf extracts and fractions on 5Lipoxygenase oxidative enzyme. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the ethyl acette fraction. Fresh leaves of Kigelia africana was extracted with 70% (v/v) ethanol and fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. Plant extract and fractions were estimated for total phenol content and flavonoid content using gallic acid and quercetin as standard respectively. Anti-lipoxygenase activity was determined from the extract and fractions at 0.1 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml. Fraction which exhibited the most favourable inhibitory potential was subjected to GC-MS fingerprinting to identify the phytoconstituents. The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid content was obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction with values of 22.55±0.55 gallic acid equivalent and 4.63±0.19 quercetin equivalent respectively. Lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of the plant extract and fractions showed that the crude extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited their highest inhibitory potential at 0.5 mg/ml while n-butanol and nhexane showed their highest inhibitory effect at 0.2 mg/ml and 0.4 mg/ml respectively. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of several constituents with anti-inflammatory properties. Kigelia africana leaf extract and fractions could serve as a non-selective redox inhibition of 5lipoxygenase.
Sustainable management of soils under climate change: Mitigation approach

Climate change also impacts two among principal processes of desertification–erosion and salinization. Soil erosion hazard depends on climatic erosivity, soil erodibility, and land and crop management practices. Climate change can impact all of these parameters and greatly accentuate the erosion hazard. Increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events would enhance rainfall intensity and its kinetic energy, wind velocity and its erosivity, and run-off velocity and its shearing and sediment carrying capacity. Furthermore, erosivity of wind-driven rain and that of shallow overland flow impacted by raindrops is more than that of a rain without wind and of a laminar overland flow. Soil erodibility increases with decrease in aggregation and reduction in aggregate strength caused by increase in slaking due to reduction in SOC concentration. Progressive desertification of the dryland tropics may reduce already low amount of SOC stored in these soils. Furthermore, desertification may also alter the emission of GHGs from these ecologically sensitive and fragile ecosystems. Thus, warming induced decline in SOC pool and aggregation, combined with increase in land conversion to meet the growing human demands, may severely accelerate soil erosion and desertification hazard. Wind erosion hazard, one of the major degradation processes in drylands.
ON UNIFORM CONVERGENCE THEORY OF LOCAL MULTIGRID METHODS IN H(Ω) AND H(curl,Ω)

Abstract. We consider the convergence theory of local multigrid methods for H(Ω)-elliptic and H(curl,Ω)-elliptic variational problems on bounded Lipschitz domains. In the context of lowest order conforming finite element approximations, we present a unified proof for the convergence of local multigrid V-cycle algorithms. The theory applies to any hierarchical tetrahedral meshes with uniformly bounded shape-regularity measures. The convergence rates for both problems are uniform with respect to the number of mesh levels and the number of degrees of freedom. We demonstrate our convergence theory by extensive numerical experiments.
(S)-Pramipexole and Its Enantiomer, Dexpramipexole: A New Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Crystallographic Investigation of Key Enantiomeric Intermediates

A new chemoenzymatic method has been developed for the synthesis of (S)and (R)-N-(6-hydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) acetamide, two key synthons for the preparation of (S)-pramipexole, an anti-Parkinson drug, and its enantiomer dexpramipexole, which is currently under investigation for the treatment of eosinophil-associated disorders. These two building blocks have been obtained in good yields and high enantiomeric excess (30% and >98% ee for the R-enantiomer, and 31% and >99% ee for the Sone) through a careful optimization of the reaction conditions, starting from the corresponding racemic mixture and using two consecutive irreversible transesterifications, catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase type A. Single crystal X-ray analysis has been carried out to unambiguously define the stereochemistry of the two enantiomers, and to explore in depth their three-dimensional features.
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Characterization of Tungsten-doped Vanadium Oxide Films

The monoclinic phase (M phase) VO2 film and W-doped M phase VO2 film were prepared on quartz substrate by a model MSP-3200 three targets co-sputter coater with RF magnetron reactive sputtering. The optical properties in the wavelength range of 350–2500 nm of VO2 film and W-doped VO2 film were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry with variable temperature attachment. The ellipsometric parameters φ and Δ were fitted by the Lorentz harmonic oscillator dispersion model combining with effective medium approximation model. The results show that the optical constants n, k of W-doped VO2 film vary with wavelength, compared to pure phase VO2 film, and the refractive index n of the W-doped VO2 film is less than that of the pure phase VO2 film. However, the extinction coefficient k of W-doped VO2 film is greater than that of pure phase VO2 film. The doping of W increases both the packing density and concentration of free carriers in VO2 film.
Part I : Historical review and recent assessments

In this paper, we join two different theoretical approaches to the problem of finding a classical-like interpretation of quantum effects : the “fluctuating energy” model and the “hidden variables” model. We show that they merge together into a more powerful, comprehensive one. A basic assumption in the last is that a ”vacuum interaction” is responsible for energy fluctuations, and splits the classical motion into two different components. These are as it was first identified, on general grounds, by Kapitza in a famous theorem : a ”super-oscillation” of the particle position and velocity around a center ; and the motion of the center itself, respectively. These motions define what we call the hidden degree(s) of freedom HDF, figuring in the energy theorem through a peculiar potential that we show correlated with a mass effect. The implicated functions for each energy level are called ”the mass eigenfunctions”. Classical oscillators submitted to these vacuum perturbations exhibit a quantum-like behavior. We name them the Bernoulli oscillators, because their properties came out in a frame where the mass-flow theorem takes a dominant role. A brief historical review and recent assessments are given in the present Part I of the work. Two concrete examples will be solved numerically in the following Part II ; the results will also allow us to give insight into the classical limit peculiar to the model, so that this last will be found there expounded afterwards. RÉSUMÉ. Dans cet article, nous allons joindre deux approches théoriques différents au problème de trouver une interpretation de type classique à des effets quantiques : le modèle des ”fluctuations d’énergie” et le modèle des ”variables cachées”. Nous montrons qu’ils donnent lieu à un modèle plus puissant. Une hypothèse de base dans ce dernier est que
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Do Models and Observations Disagree on the Rainfall Response to Global Warming?

Recently analyzed satellite-derived global precipitation datasets from 1987 to 2006 indicate an increase in global-mean precipitation of 1.1%–1.4% decade 2 1 . This trend corresponds to a hydrological sensitivity (HS) of 7% K 2 1 of global warming, which is close to the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate expected from the increase in saturation water vapor pressure with temperature. Analysis of two available global ocean evaporation datasets conﬁrms this observed intensiﬁcation of the atmospheric water cycle. The observed hydrological sensitivity over the past 20-yr period is higher by a factor of 5 than the average HS of 1.4% K 2 1 simulated in state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere–ocean climate models for the twentieth and twenty-ﬁrst centuries. However, the analysis shows that the interdecadal variability in HS in the models is high—in particular in the twentieth-century runs, which are forced by both increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) and tropospheric aerosol concentrations. About 12% of the 20-yr time intervals of eight twentieth-century climate simulations from the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) have an HS magnitude greater than the CC rate of 6.5% K 2 1 . The analysis further indicates different HS characteristics for GHG and tropospheric aerosol forcing agents. Aerosol-forced HS is a factor of 2 greater, on average, and the interdecadal variability is signiﬁcantly larger, with about 23% of the 20-yr sensitivities being above the CC rate. By thermodynamically constraining global precipitation changes, it is shown that such changes are linearly related to the difference in the radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface (i.e., the atmospheric radiative energy imbalance). The strength of this relationship is controlled by the modiﬁed Bowen ratio (here, global sensible heat ﬂux change divided by latent heat ﬂux change). Hydrological sensitivity to aerosols is greater than the sensitivity to GHG because the former have a stronger effect on the shortwave transmissivity of the atmosphere, and thus produce a larger change in the atmospheric radiative energyimbalance.Itisfoundthattheobservedglobalprecipitationincreaseof13mmyr 2 1 decade 2 1 from 1987 to 2006 would require a trend of the atmospheric radiative imbalance (difference between the TOA and the surface) of 0.7 W m 2 2 decade 2 1 . The recovery from the El Chicho´n and Mount Pinatubo volcanic aerosol injections in 1982 and 1991, the satellite-observed reductions in cloudiness during the phase of increasing ENSO events in the 1990s, and presumably the observed reduction of anthropogenic aerosol concentrations could have caused such a radiative imbalance trend over the past 20 years. Observational evidence, however, is currently inconclusive, and it will require more detailed investigations and longer satellite time series to answer this question.
Optimization of synchronous reluctance motor based on radial basis network

This paper presents surrogate-model based optimization for synchronous reluctance motor (SynRm) with transversally laminated rotor. A radial basis function (RBF) model with 12 input variables and three outputs is first trained. A dataset is obtained using finite element method to estimate parameters of RBF model. By building RBF model, the RBF network can predicts the outputs of the SynRm with good accuracy Using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II), pareto front is obtained. The SynRm is designed to maximize the maximum developed torque and power factor of the motor with constrained torque ripple.