Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Analysis of Mismatching Properties for Nanoscale Strained MOSFETs

This paper investigates and analyzes the matching properties of nanoscale strained MOSFETs under various bias conditions. Through a comprehensive comparison between coprocessed strained and unstrained PMOSFETs, the impact of process-induced uniaxial strain on the matching performance of MOS devices has been assessed and analyzed. Our examination indicates that, in the low-gate-voltage-overdrive (|V<sub>gst</sub>|) regime, the normalized drain current mismatch (¿(¿I<sub>d</sub>)/I<sub>d</sub>) of the strained device is almost the same as that of the unstrained one at a given transconductance to drain current ratio ( <i>g</i> <sub>m</sub>/l<sub>d</sub>). In the high |V<sub>gst</sub>| linear regime, the ¿(¿I<sub>d</sub>)/I<sub>d</sub> for the strained device is smaller than that of the unstrained one because of its smaller normalized current factor mismatch. In the high |V<sub>gst</sub>| saturation regime, the improvement in the ¿(¿I<sub>d</sub>)/I<sub>d</sub> for the strained device is further enhanced because of the reduced critical electric field at which the carrier velocity becomes saturated.
Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Tune Synaptic Strength in Cultured Neural Circuits: Novel Frontiers in Nanomaterial–Tissue Interactions

A long-term goal of tissue engineering is to exploit the ability of supporting materials to govern cell-specific behaviors. Instructive scaffolds code such information by modulating (via their physical and chemical features) the interface between cells and materials at the nanoscale. In modern neuroscience, therapeutic regenerative strategies (i.e., brain repair after damage) aim to guide and enhance the intrinsic capacity of the brain to reorganize by promoting plasticity mechanisms in a controlled fashion. Direct and specific interactions between synthetic materials and biological cell membranes may play a central role in this process. Here, we investigate the role of the material's properties alone, in carbon nanotube scaffolds, in constructing the functional building blocks of neural circuits: the synapses. Using electrophysiological recordings and rat cultured neural networks, we describe the ability of a nanoscaled material to promote the formation of synaptic contacts and to modulate their plasticity.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Spondylocostal Dysostosis With 3‐Dimensional Ultrasonography

Segmentation vertebral dysplasias and rib deformities are recognized features of specific congenital skeletal anomalies. We report a case of spondylocostal dysostosis type II. The segmentation vertebral anomalies and fused ribs were diagnosed antenatally with 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS).
[Clinical heterogeneity and coexistence of diabetic neuropathies: difference and similarities between types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the heterogeneity and the coexistence of diabetic neuropathy (DNP) in type 1 (T1DM) and 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus. METHODS 74 T2DM and 20 T1DM patients were evaluated according to age (years), time from diagnosis of diabetes (TDD, years), body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)), HbA1c and DNP type (American Diabetes Association criteria). RESULTS T1DM was younger (32.7 +/- 11.0 versus 56.9 +/- 10.3; p = 0.0001), leaner (BMI: 23.6 +/- 3.85 versus 28.4 +/- 5.3; p = 0.0005) and they had longer TDD (17.1 +/- 9.7 versus 10.4 +/- 6.8; p = 0.003). Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) (60% versus 32.4%; p = 0.02) and its coexistence with polyneuropathy (PN) (62.5% versus 33.3%; p = 0.03) were more common in T1DM. Chronic painful polyneuropathy (CPP) was more prevalent in T2DM (60.8% versus 30.0%; p = 0.009). Logistic regression showed HbA1c as an independent variable related to PN (p = 0.04) in both groups. TDD (p = 0.03) and CPP (p = 0.003) were related to CAN in T1DM. Age (p = 0.0004) was related to CPP in T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The DNP have shown a heterogeneity distribution in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The related factors to different phenotypes of this complication, apart from hyperglycemia, may be variable between these two types of diabetes mellitus.
Network Interface Architecture with Scalable Low-Latency Message Receiving Mechanism

SUMMARY Most of scientists except computer scientists do not want to make e ﬀ orts for performance tuning with rewriting their MPI applications. In addition, the number of processing elements which can be used by them is increasing year by year. On large-scale parallel systems, the number of accumulated messages on a message bu ﬀ er tends to increase in some of their applications. Since searching message queue in MPI is time-consuming, system side scalable acceleration is needed for those systems. In this paper, a support function named LHS (Limited-length Head Separation) is proposed. Its performance in searching message bu ﬀ er and hardware cost are evaluated. LHS accelerates searching message bu ﬀ er by means of switching location to store limited-length heads of messages. It uses the e ﬀ ects such as increasing hit rate of cache on host with partial o ﬀ - loading to hardware. Searching speed of message bu ﬀ er when the order of message reception is di ﬀ erent from the receiver’s expectation is accelerated 14.3 times with LHS on FPGA-based network interface card (NIC) named DIMMnet-2. This absolute performance is 38.5 times higher than that of IBM BlueGene / P although the frequency is 8.5times slower than BlueGene / P. LHS has higher scalability than ALPU in the performance per frequency. Since these results are obtained with partially on loaded linear searching on old Pentium R (cid:2) 4, performance gap will increase using state of art CPU. Therefore, LHS is more suitable for larger parallel systems. The discussions for adopting proposed method to state of art processors and systems are also presented.
Study of a Novel Equivalent Model and a Long-Feeder Simulator-Based Active Power Filter in a Closed-Loop Distribution Feeder

The closed-loop distribution system has become a trend, owing to increasing demands of electric power reliability in high-tech parks or in metropolitan areas. Harmonic propagation caused by power-factor correction capacitors and system inductors may lead to significant harmonic amplification throughout a closed-loop distribution feeder. This paper proposes a novel equivalent model of a closed-loop distribution feeder that a closed-loop distribution feeder can be equivalent to a radial feeder. This paper analyzes the harmonic propagation in a closed-loop distribution feeder and proposes a long-feeder simulator-based active power filter (LFS-APF) to damp out the harmonic propagation, based on the novel equivalent model. The proposed LFS-APF is installed at the middle point of a closed-loop feeder. The LFS-APF has better capability of harmonic damping than the resistive APF (RAPF), especially in response to variation of both nonlinear loads and power-factor correction capacitors or even if the installation location has to deviate from the middle point. Both simulation and experiment results are provided to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the novel equivalent model and the proposed LFS-APF.
Linked Data and Visualization: Two Sides of the Transparency Coin

Transparency is an important element of smart cities, and ongoing work is exploring the use of available open data to maximize it. This position paper argues that Linked Data and visualization play similar roles, for different agents, in this context. Linked Data increases transparency for machines, while visualization increases transparency for humans. The work also proposes a quantitative approach to the evaluation of visualization insights which rests on two premises: (i) visualizations could be modelled as a set of statements made by authors at some point in time, and (ii) statements made by experts could be used as ground truth while evaluating how much insights are effectively conveyed by visualizations on the Web. Drawing on the linked data rating scheme of Tim Berners-Lee, the paper proposes a five-stars rating scheme for visualizations on the Web. The ideas suggested are relevant to the development of techniques to automatically assess the transparency level of existing visualizations on the Web.
Virtual lesion of ventral premotor cortex impairs visual perception of biomechanically possible but not impossible actions

Abstract Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies show that action observation facilitates the onlooker's cortico-spinal system supporting the notion of motor mirroring. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over ventral premotor cortex (vPMc) impairs visual discrimination of body actions. Although studies suggest that the action observation–execution matching system may map only actions that belong to the observer's motor repertoire, we demonstrated comparable motor and premotor facilitation during observation of biomechanically possible as well as impossible actions. It has also been shown that seeing impossible body movements activates the extrastriate body area (EBA). Using event-related rTMS, we sought to determine whether vPMc and EBA are actively involved in the visual discrimination of actions performed through biomechanically possible or impossible kinematics and of their biomechanical plausibility. Stimulation of vPMc impaired discrimination of possible actions while leaving intact the discrimination of biomechanically impossible actions and of biomechanical plausibility. No effect of EBA rTMS on any type of action processing was found. Thus, vPMc is crucial for discrimination of the goal of actions that can be actually performed suggesting that this area is involved in the visual processing of goal-directed actions.
Responses of the Rat Medullary Neurons to Central Penicillin Microinjection

Background: The microinjection of penicillin in the medulla oblongata caused different alterations in the global respiratory output. The purpose of this paper was to study the involvement of impulse activity and the functional relationship of bulbar neurons in mechanisms underlying experimentally induced respiratory arrhythmias. Methods: Extracellular activity of neurons and diaphragmatic electromyogram activity were recorded and analyzed. Results: Penicillin microinjection increased the mean discharge rate of bulbar neurons and caused the prolongation of discharge of inspiratory neurons. Cross-correlation analysis revealed new excitatory connections between neurons and a high level of positive synchronization of neuronal activity. Conclusion: The local blockage of synaptic inhibition by penicillin within respiratory areas leads to drastic changes in the functioning of neuronal elements of the single respiratory network.
The influence of the thermal environment upon the survival of newly born premature infants.

The influence of two contrasting environmental temperatures upon time survival rates of premature infants in the first 5 days of life was studied. Infants who were placed in incubators with an air tamperature of 31.7°C (89°F) had a higher survival rate than controls who were in incubators maintained at 28.9°C (84°F). In this clinical trial a sequential, matched-pairs plan was used to evaluate the differences in survival under the two study conditions.
Water As A Structural Element In A Channel: Gating In The Kcsa Channel, And Implications For Voltage- Gated Ion Channels

Abstract Water is becoming understood as a structural element in proteins. Here we are concerned with one particular type of protein, ion channels. The S. Lividans KcsA K+ channel, the X- ray structure of which is known (1), is gated by protons (i.e, by a drop in pH). Ab initio calculations suggest that an H5O2 group, partially charged, connects the E118 residues in the gating region, when the four residues have a −2 net charge, but that the hydrogen bonding is not strong enough to do this when the charge becomes −1 (2). The H5O2 group would block the channel, in the −2 state, and prevent motion of the four transmembrane (TM) segments of the protein, by binding them. With the weaker bond in the −1 state, the TM segments would be able to separate (as they have been found to do experimentally (3,4), opening the channel. Voltage gated channels have four additional TM segments for each of the four domains of the channel protein. These appear to allow motion of protons; in fact there is evidence that the initial step in gating must be the transfer of a proton. We have earlier shown that the transfer of a single proton between two methylamines under the influence of a field is possible, as proton tunneling. Subsequent steps are hypothesized to result from four proton transfer cascades of about three protons each, triggered by the initial proton transfer. We suggest that the extra 4 TM segments of the voltage gated channel act as a voltage to proton-current transducer. Water, held by hydrogen bonds, is also suggested as the source of the accessibility data found with MTS reagents, based largely on simulations, our earlier Monte Carlo simulations as well as molecular dynamics studies reported by others. These waters may also play a structural role in the protein.
Marijuana withdrawal among adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence.

AIMS The clinical relevance of marijuana withdrawal has not been established. This study is the first to document the incidence and severity of perceived marijuana withdrawal symptoms in a clinical sample of marijuana-dependent adults. MEASUREMENTS Fifty-four people seeking outpatient treatment for marijuana dependence completed a 22-item Marijuana Withdrawal Symptom checklist based on their most recent period of marijuana abstinence. FINDINGS The majority (57%) indicated that they had experienced > or = six symptoms of at least moderate severity and 47% experienced > or = four symptoms rated as severe. Withdrawal severity was greater in those with psychiatric symptomatology and more frequent marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further support for a cluster of withdrawal symptoms experienced following cessation of regular marijuana use. The affective and behavioral symptoms reported were consistent with those observed in previous laboratory and interview studies. Since withdrawal symptoms are frequently a target for clinical intervention with other substances of abuse, this may also be appropriate for marijuana.
Deadline Missing Prediction for Mobile Robots through the Use of Historical Data

—Mobile robotics is gaining an increasingly important role in modern society. Several potentially dangerous or laborious tasks for human are assigned to mobile robots, which are increasingly capable. Many of these tasks need to be performed within a speciﬁed period, i.e, meet a deadline. Missing the deadline can result in ﬁnancial and/or material losses. Mechanisms for predicting the missing of deadlines are fundamental because corrective actions can be taken to avoid or minimize the losses resulting from missing the deadline. In this work we propose a simple but reliable deadline missing prediction mechanism for mobile robots through the use of historical data and we use the Pioneer 3-DX robot for experiments and simulations, one of the most popular robots in academia. prediction mechanism.
Outcomes and complications of open abdomen technique for managing non-trauma patients

Background: Damage control surgery and the open abdomen technique have been widely used in trauma. These techniques are now being utilized more often in non-trauma patients but the outcomes are not clear. We hypothesized that the use of the open abdomen technique in non-trauma patients 1) is more often due to peritonitis, 2) has a lower incidence of definitive fascial closure during the index hospitalization, and 3) has a higher fistula rate. Methods: Retrospective case series of patients treated with the open abdomen technique over a 5-year period at a level-I trauma center. Data was collected from the trauma registry, operating room (OR) case log, and by chart review. The main outcome measures were number of operations, definitive fascial closure, fistula rate, complications, and length of stay. Results One hundred and three patients were managed with an open abdomen over the 5-year period and we categorized them into three groups: elective (n = 31), urgent (n = 35), and trauma (n = 37). The majority of the patients were male (69%). Trauma patients were younger (39 vs 53 years; P < 0.05). The most common indications for the open abdomen technique were intraabdominal hypertension in the elective group (n = 18), severe intraabdominal infection in the urgent group (n = 19), and damage control surgery in the trauma group (n = 28). The number of abdominal operations was similar (3.1–3.7) in the three groups, as was the duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (average: 25–31 days). The definitive fascial closure rates during initial hospitalization were as follows: 63% in the elective group, 60% in the urgent group, and 54% in the trauma group. Intestinal fistula formation occurred in 16%, 17%, and 11%, respectively, in the three groups, with overall mortality rates of 35%, 31%, and 11%. Conclusion: Intra-abdominal infection was a common reason for use of the open abdomen technique in non-trauma patients. However, the definitive fascial closure and fistula rates were similar in the three groups. Despite differences in indications, damage control surgery and the open abdomen technique have been successfully transitioned to elective and urgent non-trauma patients.
Force-deflection properties of superelastic nickel-titanium archwires.

This in vitro study compared the force-deflection behavior of 8 superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires (0.017 x 0.025 in) under controlled moment and temperature. To simulate leveling a lateral incisor, brackets and first molar tubes without tip and angulation were used. The wires (n = 5) were ligated into stainless steel brackets attached to a plastic jig to simulate a mandibular arch. A testing machine (Instron) applied deflections of 0.2 to 2.0 mm at 35 degrees C in the lateral incisor area. Force-deflection diagrams were determined from the passive position to an activation of 2 mm and then during deactivation. Forces on deactivation at a deflection of 1 mm were compared by analysis of variance. Significant differences (P < .05) in forces were observed among wires. All wires exhibited superelastic behavior, but in stratified loading levels.
One thousand health-related quality-of-life estimates.

OBJECTIVE Analysts performing cost-effectiveness analyses often do not have the resources to gather original quality-of-life (QOL) weights. Furthermore, variability in QOL for the same health state hampers the comparability of cost-effectiveness analyses. For these reasons, opinion leaders such as the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine have called for a national repository of QOL weights. Some authors have responded to the call by performing large primary studies of QOL. We take a different approach, amassing existing data with the hope that it will be combined responsibly in meta-analytic fashion. Toward the goal of developing a national repository of QOL weights to aid cost-effectiveness analysts, 1,000 health-related QOL estimates were gathered from publicly available source documents. METHODS To identify documents, we searched databases and reviewed the bibliographies of articles, books, and government reports. From each document, we extracted information on the health state, QOL weight, assessment method, respondents, and upper and lower bounds of the QOL scale. Detailed guidelines were followed to ensure consistency in data extraction. RESULTS We identified 154 documents yielding 1,000 original QOL weights. There was considerable variation in the weights assessed by different authors for the same health state. Methods also varied: 51% of authors used direct elicitation (standard gamble, time tradeoff, or rating scale), 32% estimated QOL based on their own expertise or that of others, and 17% used health status instruments. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive review of QOL data should lead to more consistent use of QOL weights and thus more comparable cost-effectiveness analyses.
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is Required forSalmonella typhimurium Virulence and Resistance to Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Intermediates

ABSTRACT Salmonella typhimurium zwf mutants lacking glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity have increased susceptibility to reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates as well as attenuated virulence in mice. Abrogation of the phagocyte respiratory burst oxidase during experimental infection with zwf mutantSalmonella causes a prompt restoration of virulence, while inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase results in delayed lethality. These observations suggest that G6PD-dependent bacterial antioxidant defenses play an important pathogenic role during early salmonellosis and additionally may help to antagonize NO-dependent antimicrobial mechanisms later in the course of infection.
Comparisons of Staphylococcus aureus Grown In Vitro or In Vivo

It has been established that there are highly significant differences between the immune responses provoked when live or killed Staphylococcus aureus organisms are injected into sheep. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes collected from ewes infected with S. aureus (by subcutaneous injection) had enhanced capacity to phagocytose staphylococci compared with polymorphs from ewes given killed S. aureus intramuscularly with adjuvant (11, 13). The basis for the observed enhancement of phagocytosis was shown to be cytophilic IgG2 antistaphylococcal antibody on the cell membrane of polymorphs from the infected ewes (13). Although 25% of polymorphs from all ewes carried cytophilic IgG2 (12), it was only in ewes infected with viable staphylococci (resulting in a skin abscess) that the cytophilic IgG2 conferred significantly enhanced phagocytic capacity to polymorphs. Recent studies have shown that a live staphylococcal vaccine was more efficient than a killed vaccine in stimulating immune protection of the ovine mammary gland against staphylococcal challenge (14). Because of the dangers associated with the use of live staphylococcal vaccines, it was decided to attempt to reproduce some of the desirable immunological properties of live vaccination by growing staphylococci in vivo, killing the culture and then using the killed cell-toxoid mixture as a non-viable vaccine. There is substantial evidence to indicate that changes in cultural conditions of S. aureus can induce important functional and compositional alterations in somatic antigens (3, 4, 6), exotoxins (5), and biochemical properties (2). In this note, preliminary experiments are described in which a modification of the dialysis sac culturing technique of Gladstone and Glencross (5) has been employed S. aureus were grown in standard bacteriological broth, either in vitro or in vivo, and various properties of the bacteria were measured. A non-capsulated 42D phage strain of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from a case of acute clinical mastitis in a dairy cow, was used in these experiments. It was coagulase and catalase positive, and exhibited strong aand ƒÀ-haemolysis and typical colonial morphology on 5% sheep blood agar. Cultures were routinely checked for purity using standard bacteriological techniques. The in vivo grown bacteria were cultured inside dialysis sacs (Visking 20/32) in the peritoneal cavity of sheep. Approximately 100 ml of nutrient broth (Oxoid, CM 1) was placed in a dialysis sac which was then sterilized by autoclaving while