Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POSTHARVEST PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF WHEAT CIRCULATING IN LAGOS STATE , NIGERIA

This study was carried out, to determine the post-harvest fungi of wheat circulating in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 400 wheat samples from eight major market of wheat in Lagos State, were collected randomly from the seller of this agricultural produce. The samples were processed using standard microbiological methods while the relative pathogenic attributes of the isolated mycoflora of wheat were carried out using Koch’s postulates. Results from this study, revealed, Penicillium spp 90(22.5%) as the most predominant, followed by Aspergillus flavus 70(17.5%) while Trichoderma spp was the least isolated fungal flora of wheat with a prevalent rate of 14(3.5%). Also, all the isolated mycoflora of wheat were found to be pathogenic, but to varying degree of virulence, as shown by their percentage rate of infection. The order of their pathogenicity are as follows: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium species 50(100%) > Rhizopus spp 50(90%) > Fusarium solani 50(80%) > Alternaria spp and Trichoderma spp 50(70%). It can, therefore, be concluded that, wheat circulating in Lagos State, Nigeria are variously contaminated with different xerophilic molds.
Effects of Hospital Care Environment on Patient Mortality and Nurse Outcomes

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the net effects of nurse practice environments on nurse and patient outcomes after accounting for nurse staffing and education. Background: Staffing and education have well-documented associations with patient outcomes, but evidence on the effect of care environments on outcomes has been more limited. Methods: Data from 10,184 nurses and 232,342 surgical patients in 168 Pennsylvania hospitals were analyzed. Care environments were measured using the practice environment scales of the Nursing Work Index. Outcomes included nurse job satisfaction, burnout, intent to leave, and reports of quality of care, as well as mortality and failure to rescue in patients. Results: Nurses reported more positive job experiences and fewer concerns with care quality, and patients had significantly lower risks of death and failure to rescue in hospitals with better care environments. Conclusion: Care environment elements must be optimized alongside nurse staffing and education to achieve high quality of care.
Interaction of Actin Filaments with Microtubules Is Mediated by Microtubule‐Associated Proteins and Regulated by Phosphorylation a

We have reconstituted high viscosity networks of actin filaments and microtubules from purified actin, tubulin, and MAPs. MAP-2 can effectively cross-link actin filaments and microtubules, presumably because a low affinity actin binding site is available even when it is bound tightly to microtubules. Phosphorylation of MAP-2 inhibits cross-linking of actin filaments and microtubules. Tau is not an effective cross-linker of actin and microtubules even though it can interact with each polymer individually.
Decision algorithms for probabilistic simulations

Probabilistic phenomena arise in embedded, distributed, networked, biological and security systems, and are accounted for by various probabilistic modeling formalisms based on labelled transition systems. Among the most popular ones are homogeneous discretetime and continuous-time Markov chains (DTMCs and CTMCs) and their extensions with nondeterminism, which we will consider in this thesis. Simulation relations admit comparing the behavior of two models and provide the principal ingredients to perform abstractions of the models while preserving interesting properties. Intuitively, one model simulates another model if it can imitate all of its moves. Simulation preorders are compositional, thus allowing hierarchical verification and decomposition of difficult verification tasks into several subproblems. Recently, variants of simulation relations, such as simulatability and polynomially accurate probabilistic simulations, have been introduced to prove soundness of security protocols. The focus of this thesis lies in decision algorithms for various simulation preorders of probabilistic systems. We propose efficient decision algorithms and provide also experimental comparisons of these algorithms.
The miR-17-92 cluster as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer: evidence and literature review

Purpose Intestinal metaplasia is considered to be a pre-cancerous lesion of gastric cancer. The miR-17-92 cluster was previously reported to have clinical value in the prediction of cancer development. This study aimed to test the diagnostic value of miR-17-92 in gastric cancer and the intestinal metaplasia patients compared with the normal ones. Results The results showed that miR-17-92 members were over-expressed in the serum of both gastric cancer and intestinal metaplasia patients, compared with healthy controls. Serum miR-17-92 members could also distinguish patients with gastric cancer and intestinal metaplasia from healthy controls. Materials and Methods Serum miR-17-92 expression levels were detected using quantitative real-time PCR in 75 patients with gastric cancer, 104 patients with intestinal metaplasia and 38 healthy controls. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were then analyzed to test the efficacy of the miR-17-92 members in distinguishing gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia and healthy controls. Conclusions In conclusion, the miR-17-92 cluster might be useful as a potential serum biomarker for the early detection of gastric cancer.
Melatonin: Buffering the Immune System

Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an immunomodulatory compound, it still remains unclear how melatonin regulates immunity. While some authors argue that melatonin is an immunostimulant, many studies have also described anti-inflammatory properties. The data reviewed in this paper support the idea of melatonin as an immune buffer, acting as a stimulant under basal or immunosuppressive conditions or as an anti-inflammatory compound in the presence of exacerbated immune responses, such as acute inflammation. The clinical relevance of the multiple functions of melatonin under different immune conditions, such as infection, autoimmunity, vaccination and immunosenescence, is also reviewed.
Massively Parallel Radiosity in the Presence of Multiple Isotropic Volume Scattering

We present a massively parallel algorithm for computing radiosity in a scene containing an isotropic scattering medium of high albedo. The algorithm is based on a new formalism : a coordinate evolution on the set of light rays in the scene. The evolution reparameterizes rays from their points of origin to their points of termination. Local coordinate systems on the set of light rays are distributed over a twodimensional lattice of parallel processors, and transformations between coordinate systems are computed using only local communication between processors. The algorithm is implemented on a MasPar-l which is a SIMD computer having over 2000 processors.
No small matter : the impact of poverty, shocks, and human capital investments in early childhood development

The relative lack of attention to early childhood development in many developing countries remains a puzzle, and an opportunity. There is increasing evidence that investments in the nutritional, cognitive, and socio-emotional development of young children have high payoffs. Researchers and development practitioners are building on this evidence to raise the topic's profile and bring it to the attention of decision makers. This volume is an important contribution to these efforts. It thoroughly and carefully reviews the most recent empirical literature linking early childhood development outcomes, poverty, and shocks. In doing so, it brings an added perspective to the debate and makes the case that investments in the first years of life have the potential to be a critical component of poverty reduction strategies. The volume also goes beyond simply documenting the consequences of insufficient or inadequate focus on early childhood and identifies the range of policy options available to policy makers. The Human Development Perspectives series seeks to present thorough research findings on issues of critical strategic importance for developing countries. At its core is the perspective that investments in human capital are an essential aspect of efforts to promote global development and eradicate poverty. This volume makes it convincingly clear that investing in and protecting the human capital of young children is no small matter.
The relationship of continuity of care to age, sex, and race.

may alkalinize the urine and thus decrease the uri­ nary formaldehyde concentration. This does not appear to account for the large observed differ­ ence because most patients with acidic urine pH in the previous study did not have Proteus species. The authors can find no published data to indicate that Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species sub­ stantially alkalinize the urine. Third, the two pa­ tients in the present study were young adults, while the patients in the previous study were elder­ ly (aged 60 to 76 years). Although no data are available about the effect of age on the generation of formaldehyde from methenamine, it seems un­ likely that age was related to the marked differ­ ences, as none of the patients in either study had renal dysfunction. In this study, each of three methenamine regi­ mens resulted in bactericidal formaldehyde con­ centration. Further long-term clinical studies are needed to demonstrate any therapeutic differences in regimens studied and in patients undergoing in­ termittent vs continuous urinary catheterization. References 1 McDonald DF, Murphy GP: Bacteriostatic and acidifvina effects of methionine, hydrolyzed casein, and ascor­ bic acid on the urine. N Engl J Med 261:803, 1959 2. Murphy FJ, Zelman S, Mau W: Ascorbic acid as a urinary acidifying agent! Part 2. Its adjunctive role in chronic urinary infections. J Urol 94:300, 1965 3. Travis LB, Dodge WF, Mintz AA, et al: Urinary acidification with ascorbic acid. J Pediatr 67.1176, 1965 4. Nahata MC, Shimp L, Lampman T, McLeod DC: Ef­ fect of ascorbic acid on urine pH in man. Am J Hosp Pharm 34-1234 1977 5. Fellers CR, Redmon BC, Parrott EM: Effect of cran­ berries on urinary acidity and blood alkali reserves. J Nutr 6:455, 1933 6. Bodel PT, Cotran R, Kass EH: Cranberry juice and antibacterial action of hinouric acid. J Lab Clin Med 54:
Toward Zero Sonic-Boom and High Efficiency Supersonic Flight, Part I: A Novel Concept of Supersonic Bi-Directional Flying Wing

This paper introduces a novel concept for supersonic airplane: supersonic bi-directional (SBiDir) flying wing (FW) concept, which is to achieve low sonic boom, low supersonic wave drag, and high subsonic performance. The SBiDir-FW planform is symmetric about both longitudinal and span axes. For supersonic flight, the planform will have low aspect ratio and high sweep angle to minimize wave drag. For subsonic mode, the airplane will rotate 90◦ and the sweep angle will be reduced and the aspect ratio will be increased. To minimize sonic boom, the pressure surface of the flying wing will employ an isentropic compression surface. At zero angle of attack (AoA) as the example studied in this paper, a flat pressure surface achieves this purpose. The CFD simulation shows that it obtains low ground sonic boom overpressure of 0.3psf with L/Dp = 5.3. Furthermore, the ground pressure signature is not the N shape wave with two strong shock wave pulses, but is in a smooth sin wave shape. The results show that it is possible to remove or achieve very low sonic boom using a supersonic bi-directional flying wing or blended wing body configuration. Future work will optimize the SBiDir-FW concept to achieve high aerodynamic efficiency and maintain low sonic boom.
Factors Affecting Consumer Attitude Toward Advertisement on the Web and Print Media

Internet advertisement has been growing rapidly in recent years. Theoretically, with the feature of wide-accessibility, information richness, multimedia presentation, and flexible interaction, advertising on the web is believed to be more attractive than on the traditional media, such as printed newspapers and televisions. In reality, however, the effect of advertisements over the web has not been fully realized. Less and less click ratios are reported. Therefore, it is interesting to know what are the factors that influence the attitude of readers and what kind of web advertisements may be more effective. This paper reports findings from a controlled lab experiment on the effect of media characteristics, advertising appeals, and product involvement on consumer attitudes toward advertisement on different media. The results indicate that: (1) dynamic Web presentation that uses animation can improve advertising effect significantly but providing interactions does not, (2) product involvement does not have significant impact on advertising effect, (3) appeals in advertising along has very limited impact on advertising effect, but the combination of dynamic presentation with emotional appealing is more effective than others.
Generation of accurate on-chip time-constants using a monolithic CMOS PLL with hybrid analog and digital control

A method for generating on-chip time-constants with accuracy limited by that of on-chip capacitors is presented. The technique uses an adjustable constant-g/sub m/ bias-circuit along with a fully-integrated charge-pump CMOS PLL with a free-running frequency of 250 MHz. The VCO is composed of an adjustable constant-g/sub m/ bias circuit, which controls a g/sub m/-controlled oscillator. The PLL is used to lock the VCO to a crystal reference, which causes the bias circuit to generate a certain well-known transconductance. The bias circuit then biases circuits with well-defined time-constants, since they are inversely proportional to transistor transconductances. The design has been fabricated in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process, using an area of 1600/spl times/1600 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Cytokine kinetics profiling in pediatric renal transplant recipients

Niederhaus SV, Bloom DD, Chang Z, Hu H, Bartosh SM, Knechtle SJ. Cytokine kinetics profiling in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:636–645. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Trust Management Based Intrusion Detection inWireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor network (WSN), intrusion acts as a serious threat impairing the network, it is necessary to refrain from these attacks by the detection of intrusion which turns out to be a challenging task. Apart from these hazards there prevail other kinds of deterrent attacks. The overall intrusion can be curbed down by80%. In this work , consider trust based nodes in a route for transmission of information from the source to destination. The centralized and decentralized wireless sensor networks are taken into account through which the trust behaviors of nodes are determined. In decentralized wireless sensor network, the leader or cluster head is designated based on the energy levels of the nodes. Region wise election is established for the selection of the cluster head or leader depending on the factors of runtime, area and energy. A trust management protocol is deployed which facilitates the analysis of trust behavior of nodes in a route . In our approach , use a centralized wireless sensor networks, such that a single leader is responsible for collecting all information of sub leaders and if intrusion evolves in the network, it overcome by transmitting the data through these trustable nodes. The intruders in the route are found by using a intrusion detection system protocol (IDSP) thereby by eliminating degradation of transmission.
Research on passage retrieval using domain knowledge in Chinese question answering system

In order to improve the accuracy of passage retrieval in restrict domain question answering system, The paper proposes a retrieval method using domain knowledge in Chinese question answering system. This method extracts question keywords by analyzing syntactic structure, expands synonymous keywords with the help of ldquoHowNetrdquo and ldquoField HowNetrdquo to do question query, and then extracts text with improved NUTCH retrieval system, finally improves the retrieval method MuliTex according to domain knowledge, arranges the order and calculates weight of paragraphs. On this base, the method extracts related paragraphs as answers, and then has carried on the question and answer experimental verification in the traveling domain. The result shows this method has a good effect. The value of retrieval MRR is up to 0.45.
Is it possible to combine mass tourism with alternative forms of tourism: the case of Spain, Greece, Slovenia and Croatia

This paper presents the birth of alternative tourism as a weapon to combat mass tourism negative effects on natural resources. Hence, some countries reassessed their current tourism planning and development to include alternative tourism. This paper explores alternative forms of tourism, discusses the need for defining, developing and for using alternative forms of tourism. Finally this paper explains how and why Spain, Greece, Slovenia and Croatia used alternative forms of tourism. The results showed that Spain, Greece and Slovenia used certain complementary interfering alternative forms of tourism strategies towards tourism development, while, Croatia substituted mass tourism with alternative tourism.
Some more remarks on the acquisition of German negation

Stage I: one-word negation with nein; Stage 11: twoor more-word negation with nein; IIa: anaphoric negation, lib: non-anaphoric negation; Stage III: intra-sentential negation with nicht, where nicht is not always in the correct position; Stage IV: the correct position of nicht is acquired. In his reply, Park (1979) challenged some aspects of this developmental sequence on the basis of his data on both standard and Swiss German L1 acquisition. Park's main objection to Wode's stages is his (Park's) finding that non-anaphoric nein occurs prior to anaphoric nein,' . i.e. Stage lib precedes I Ia ' (ibid.: 149). In addition, his criticism of the methodology Wode used to establish developmental stages, i.e. the lack of a distributional analysis, appears to be justified. Extending Park's criticisms, one can argue that Wode's description of the developmental stages is linguistically superficial, especially as far as Stage III is concerned. Although Wode (ibid.: 100) observed that in Stage III the negated element (NEG) is either placed before or after the verb, he did not show how the children eventually reach Stage IV of the suggested sequence, i.e. correct placement of nicht. Park did not study the development of intra-sentential NEG placement either. In the present note, I will focus on the position of the negator in relation to the verb. For a period of more than two years, Clahsen (1981a) studied the acquisition of German as a first language by male twins between ages 1; 6 (MLU i-o) and 3;7 (MLU 4"53), and by their younger sister between 152 (MLU i-o) and 2;7 (MLU 2-94). The children were recorded with video equipment at regular intervals of 2-4 weeks. The method of implicational scaling (Meisel, Clahsen & Pienemann 1981) was used to establish a set of developmental sequences for various areas of syntax. In addition, syntactic
O planejamento turístico entre os municípios brasileiros de pequena e média dimensão

O planejamento e uma atividade essencial para atingir o turismo sustentavel. Desta forma, e evidente a necessidade de planejar destinos turisticos, se tratando esta atividade uma medida pro-activa. O planeamento consiste em realizar diagnosticos sobre a realidade e, posteriormente, seguir rumo aos objetivos e metas, atraves de estrategias pre–definidas, sendo possivel prevenir ou minimizar os impactos negativos do turismo. Apesar desta importância, em diagnostico da realidade brasileira, e possivel verificar que o planeamento do turismo ainda nao e realizado na maior parte dos municipios de pequena e media dimensao. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a realidade do planeamento brasileiro em nivel local, alem de apresentar propostas na tentativa de reverte–la.
Impact of UWD Channel Modeling on Outage and Ergodie Capacity

In this paper, various stochastic UWB channel models are considered. The impact of model selection on the ergodic and the outage capacity is studied for synthetic as well as for standardized UWB channel models. The work mainly focuses on comparing the capacities with those of a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel, which is better suited for analysis. It is shown that the capacities of the Rayleigh fading channel are good approximations for the other models.
The Control of Respiration and Circulation in Fish During Exercise and Hypoxia

Gas exchange across fish gills is reviewed and the respiratory and cardio-vascular changes associated with exercise and hypoxia described. Heart rate is controlled by inhibitory vagal cholinergic activity which increases during hypoxia and decreases during exercise. Stimulation of receptors on the first gill arch during hypoxia initiates bradycardia. The increase in stroke volume during hypoxia in dogfish appears to be related to cardiac slowing rather than β-adrenergic stimulation of the heart. Stimulation of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors causes positive inotropic and chronotopic responses in many fish, whether these are operative during exercise and hypoxia is not clear. Gill water flow is inversely related to arterial oxygen content in resting fish and there is probably an arterial oxygen content receptor coupled to gill ventilation. Little is known of the control of breathing during exercise, the switch from rhythmic to ram ventilation at high water velocities may be initiated by mechanoreceptors on the gill surface. Note: This article was written while the author was a Killam Fellow at the Flinders Medical Centre South Australia.