Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A selected review of the recent advances in craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering

Purpose of reviewCraniofacial surgeons must continually make decisions about how to best reconstruct the craniomaxillofacial skeleton (CFS). A high priority has been placed on the search for bone substitute materials (BSMs) that are both mechanically and biologically optimized for these reconstructions. This review is intended to present the complexity of this undertaking to physicians and scientists by reviewing the technological advances published in the last 2 years. Recent findingsAdvances in bone tissue engineering took place in the areas of scaffolds, bioactive factors (e.g. growth factors, cytokines, and pharmaceuticals), and cellular components. Recent literature highlighted the complex interplay between these elements. Researchers also made great strides in merging high-resolution imaging with computer-aided tissue engineering. SummaryDeveloping BSMs that fulfill the many needs in the CFS is difficult and there are multiple barriers to clinical translation. However, based on the progress in the last 2 years in the individual elements of BSM development as well as integration of those elements into implantable constructs, it appears that a product with specific CFS applications is on the horizon.
Involvement of Fes/Fps tyrosine kinase in semaphorin3A signaling

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs)/TOAD64/Ulips/DRPs and CRAM have emerged as strong candidates for a role in semaphorin signaling. In this study we identified Fes/Fps (Fes) tyrosine kinase in the CRMP–CRAM complex and investigated whether Fes was involved in semaphorin3A (Sema3A) signaling. In COS‐7 cells, the interaction between Fes and plexinA1 (PlexA1) and the tyrosine phosphorylation of PlexA1 by Fes were observed; however, these events were significantly attenuated by co‐expression of neuropilin‐1 (NP‐1). Even with NP‐1 co‐expression, Sema3A was able to enhance the association of Fes with PlexA1 and Fes‐mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PlexA1, CRAM and CRMP2. Co‐expression of Fes with PlexA1 exhibited COS‐7 cell contraction activity, indicating that Fes can convert inactive PlexA1 to its active form, whereas combination of Fes/NP‐1/PlexA1 or Fes kinase‐negative mutants/PlexA1 did not alter cell morphology. Finally, Sema3A‐induced growth cone collapse of dorsal root ganglion neurons was suppressed by expression of Fes kinase‐negative mutants. Taken together, our findings suggest that Fes links Sema3A signals to CRMP–CRAM, and that NP‐1 negatively regulates PlexA1 activation by Fes in resting condition.
Lactobacilli Are Prominent in the Initial Stages of Polymicrobial Infection of Dental Pulp

ABSTRACT In earlier studies we used molecular methods to identify the major bacterial consortia associated with advanced dentin caries. These consortia are dominated by bacteria from the families Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae (formerly Acidaminococcaceae), Eubacteriaceae, and Lachnospiraceae from the phylum Firmicutes; Coriobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Propionibacteriaceae from the phylum Actinobacteria; and Prevotellaceae from the phylum Bacteroidetes, as well as fusobacteria. The phases of infection of vital pulp tissue by dentin microorganisms remain obscure. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on sections of tissue embedded in resin. Probes for 16S rRNA corresponding to the major taxa of bacteria in carious dentin were used to provide information on the characteristics of pulp infection. Lactobacilli were prominent in 7 of 8 pulps determined to be at a limited stage of infection. Established infection (6 pulps) showed a more complex profile, with lactobacilli persisting in all of the lesions and with invasion of the necrotic regions of tissue by Bacteroidetes, fusobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae in particular. Advanced infections (7 pulps) were characterized by mixed anaerobic species, with a strong representation by Coriobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Lactobacilli were not represented at this stage. Typically, groups of organisms were spatially isolated within the pulp tissue. Analysis indicated that lactobacilli could invade vital pulp tissue to achieve a very high biomass that was not associated with a detectable local inflammatory infiltrate. The findings establish that invasion of the dental pulp can be associated with a pronounced selection from the complex microbial populations within carious dentin, suggesting specific pathogenicity.
Molecular cloning and evolution of the gene encoding the precursor of Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) interleukin 2

Interleukin 2 is a key immunoregulatory cytokine that is involved in T helper differentiation and is known to induce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in natural killer (NK) and T-cell. The gene for interleukin-2 (IL-2) was amplified from cDNA pool prepared from ConAstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM cells) isolated from Nilgai reared in semicaptivity. The amplified IL-2 gene was cloned and nucleotide sequences were determined. The sequencing result showed that Nilgai IL-2 cDNA contains 468 bp long ORF encoding 155 amino acids (Genbank Accession No DQ017831). Homology comparison of nucleotide revealed that Nilgai IL-2 sequence is evolutionary more related to buffalo than cattle IL-2 sequence.
Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited.

Histoire-substrats-biochimie et physiologie. Regulation du flux d'electrons. Facteurs favorisant le passage de la production d'acides a la production de solvents. Evenements associes a la phase de production de solvents (activite enzymatique, ATP, croissance, differenciation cellulaire.). Toxicite. Genetique et amelioration des souches. Developpement du procede. Perspectives
BB-Homography: Joint Binary Features and Bipartite Graph Matching for Homography Estimation

Homography estimation is a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision. For estimating the homography between two images, one of the key issues is to match keypoints in the reference image to the keypoints in the moving image. To match keypoints in real time, a binary image descriptor, due to its low matching and storage costs, emerges as a more and more popular tool. Upon achieving the low costs, the binary descriptor sacrifices the discriminative power of using floating points. In this paper, we present BB-Homography, a new approach that fuses fast binary descriptor matching and bipartite graph for homography estimation. Starting with binary descriptor matching, BB-Homography uses bipartite graph matching (GM) algorithm to refine the matching results, which are finally passed over to estimate homography. On realizing the correlation between keypoint correspondence and homography estimation, BB-Homography iteratively performs the GM and the homography estimation such that they can refine each other at each iteration. In particular, based on spectral graph, a fast bipartite GM algorithm is developed for lowering the time cost of BB-Homography. BB-Homography is extensively evaluated on both public benchmarks and live-captured video streams that consistently shows that BB-Homography outperforms conventional methods for homography estimation.
Polar PIN Localization Directs Auxin Flow in Plants

Polar flow of the phytohormone auxin requires plasma membrane‐associated PIN proteins and underlies multiple developmental processes in plants. Here we address the importance of the polarity of subcellular PIN localization for the directionality of auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of different PINs in the root epidermis revealed the importance of PIN polar positions for directional auxin flow and root gravitropic growth. Interfering with sequence-embedded polarity signals directly demonstrates that PIN polarity is a primary factor in determining the direction of auxin flow in meristematic tissues. This finding provides a crucial piece in the puzzle of how auxin flow can be redirected via rapid changes in PIN polarity.
Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers can suffer from occupational stress which may lead to serious mental and physical health problems. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of work and person-directed interventions in preventing stress at work in healthcare workers. METHODS: Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Depression Anxiety and Neurosis Group trials Specialised Register, MEDLINE, PsychInfo and Cochrane Occupational Health Field database. Selection criteria: Randomised controlled clinical trials (RCT) of interventions aimed at preventing psychological stress in healthcare workers. For work-directed interventions interrupted time series and prospective cohort were also eligible. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. Meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis were performed where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 14 RCTs, three cluster-randomised trials and two crossover trials, including a total of 1,564 participants in intervention groups and 1,248 controls. Two trials were of high quality. Interventions were grouped into 1) person-directed: cognitive-behavioural, relaxation, music-making, therapeutic massage and multicomponent; and 2) work-directed: attitude change and communication, support from colleagues and participatory problem solving and decision-making, and changes in work organisation. There is limited evidence that person-directed interventions can reduce stress (standardised mean difference or SMD -0.85; 95% CI -1.21, -0.49); burnout: Emotional Exhaustion (weighted mean difference or WMD -5.82; 95% CI -11.02, -0.63) and lack of Personal Accomplishment (WMD -3.61; 95% CI -4.65, -2.58); and anxiety: state anxiety (WMD -9.42; 95% CI -16.92, -1.93) and trait anxiety (WMD -6.91; 95% CI -12.80, -1.01). One trial showed that stress remained low a month after intervention (WMD -6.10; 95% CI -8.44, -3.76). Another trial showed a reduction in Emotional Exhaustion (Mean Difference or MD -2.69; 95% CI -4.20, -1.17) and in lack of Personal Accomplishment (MD -2.41; 95% CI -3.83, -0.99) maintained up to two years when the intervention was boosted with refresher sessions. Two studies showed a reduction that was maintained up to a month in state anxiety (WMD -8.31; 95% CI -11.49, -5.13) and trait anxiety (WMD -4.09; 95% CI -7.60, -0.58). There is limited evidence that work-directed interventions can reduce stress symptoms (Mean Difference or MD -0.34; 95% CI -0.62, -0.06); Depersonalization (MD -1.14; 95% CI -2.18, -0.10), and general symptoms (MD -2.90; 95% CI -5.16, -0.64). One study showed that the difference in stress symptom level was nonsignificant at six months (MD -0.19; 95% CI -0.49, 0.11). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence is available for the effectiveness of interventions to reduce stress levels in healthcare workers. Larger and better quality trials are needed.
Applicability of an immunoblot technique combined with a semiautomated electrophoresis system for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food extracts

We studied the usefulness of an immunoblot technique for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in strains and food extracts. Food samples (milk, yogurt, hot dog sausage, cheese, and mayonnaise) were artificially contaminated with SEA through SEE. Protein A did not interfere with the results; it appeared on electrophoresis gels as bands with molecular weights higher than those of the SEs. Other food proteins were not revealed by the technique. The immunoblot technique proved to be fast, specific, and sensitive for the detection of SEs in foods.
Deadline-aware envy-free admission control in shared datacenter networks

Meeting flow deadlines is crucial for a business running its interactive applications in a shared datacenter. Current deadline-aware transport protocols fall short in terms of throughput and fairness, when datacenter tenants compete for network capacity by their deadline-sensitive traffic. This paper presents an admission control mechanism to work with a deadline-aware transport protocol. Following pay-as-you-use paradigm, we model a revenue-maximizing problem for the mechanism to admit a right fraction of deadline-constrained traffic to the underlying transport layer, while respecting per-flow fairness by an economic notion, envy-free pricing. To tackle fast-changing traffic, we propose a greedy algorithm for the problem in the mechanism, which can easily adopt a batch processing method to mitigate the incurred overhead. By packet-level simulation, we demonstrate that the admission control mechanism sustains high application throughput and good revenues in heavy traffic loads. In addition, we present two service policies, each of which is demonstrated to have a desirable service property in dynamic environments.
Verifying electrical/thermal/thermo-mechanical behavior of a 3D stack - Challenges and solutions

We describe the design challenges for a low-cost 130nm 3D CMOS technology with 5µm diameter at 10µm pitch Cu-TSV. We investigate electrical, thermal and thermo-mechanical issues encountered in 3D. The electrical yield and ESD of TSVs is reviewed and designers are advised how to ensure yield and reliability. For thermal and thermo-mechanical we'll indicate based on experimental characterization, the importance of extending the chip package co-design flow with thermo-mechanical simulations of the chip stack. We propose a new design flow which leverages information captured by smart samples.
Characterization of a second sterol‐esterifying enzyme in Toxoplasma highlights the importance of cholesterol storage pathways for the parasite

Lipid bodies are eukaryotic structures for temporary storage of neutral lipids such as acylglycerols and steryl esters. Fatty acyl‐CoA and cholesterol are two substrates for cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis via the ACAT reaction. The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is incapable of sterol synthesis and unremittingly scavenges cholesterol from mammalian host cells. We previously demonstrated that the parasite expresses a cholesteryl ester‐synthesizing enzyme, TgACAT1. In this article, we identified and characterized a second ACAT‐like enzyme, TgACAT2, which shares 56% identity with TgACAT1. Both enzymes are endoplasmic reticulum‐associated and contribute to CE formation for storage in lipid bodies. While TgACAT1 preferentially utilizes palmitoyl‐CoA, TgACAT2 has broader fatty acid specificity and produces more CE. Genetic ablation of each individual ACAT results in parasite growth impairment whereas dual ablation of ACAT1 and ACAT2 is not tolerated by Toxoplasma. ΔACAT1 and ΔACAT2 parasites have reduced CE levels, fewer lipid bodies, and accumulate free cholesterol, which causes injurious membrane effects. Mutant parasites are particularly vulnerable to ACAT inhibitors. This study underlines the important physiological role of ACAT enzymes to store cholesterol in a sterol‐auxotrophic organism such as Toxoplasma, and furthermore opens up possibilities of exploiting TgACAT as targets for the development of antitoxoplasmosis drugs.
Four-Year Change in Cardiorespiratory FitnessandIn fl uenceonGlycemicControl in AdultsWith Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Trial The Look AHEAD Trial

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdSubjects were overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with available fitness data at 4 years (n = 3,942). This clinical trial randomized subjects to DSE or ILI. DSE received standard care plus information three times per year related to diet, PA, and social support. ILI received weekly intervention contact for 6months that was reduced over the 4-year period and was prescribed diet and PA. Measures included weight, fitness, PA, and HbA1c.
Cluster Headache During Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review

A 32‐year‐old pregnant woman presented with cluster headache (CH) during the third trimester of a normal pregnancy. Pure oxygen mask inhalation was ineffective, and intranasal lidocaine applications were realized associated with oral methylprednisolone, given at 1 mg per kg once daily. These treatments rendered the pain tolerable and the pregnancy went to its term with no consequence on the baby. This case of CH attack during pregnancy raises the issues of the influence of sexual hormonal changes in women with CH and the way to treat this disease in such circumstance. To date, there are no therapeutic guidelines available; this case suggests some possibilities.
Reverse phase protein array identification of triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and comparison with mRNA molecular subtypes

Background Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis, allows investigation of potential targets at the functional protein level,. We identified TNBC subtypes at the protein level using RPPA and compared them with mRNA molecular subtypes (TNBCtype, TNBCtype-4, and PAM50) that is unique in its availability of both RPPA and mRNA analyses. Methods We classified the samples from 80 TNBC patients using both k-means and hierarchical consensus clustering analysis and performed Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. We also investigated whether we could reproduce the mRNA molecular subtypes using the RPPA dataset. Results Both clustering methods divided all samples into 2 clusters that were biologically the same. The top canonical pathways included inflammation, hormonal receptors, and MAPK signaling pathways for the first cluster [“inflammation and hormonal-related (I/H) subtype”] and the GADD45, DNA damage, and p53 signaling pathways for the second cluster [“DNA damage (DD)-related subtype”]. Further k-means cluster analysis identified 5 TNBC clusters. Comparison between sample classification using the 5 RPPA-based k-means cluster subtypes and 6 gene-expression-based TNBCtype molecular subtypes showed significant association between the 2 classifications (p = 0.017). Conclusions The I/H and DD subtypes identified by RPPA advance our understanding of TNBC’s heterogeneity from the functional proteomic perspective.
An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper

The state of Oklahoma has designated several areas as freshwater mussel sanctuaries in an attempt to provide freshwater mussel species a degree of protection and to facilitate their reproduction. We evaluated the protection afforded freshwater mussels by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness‐based 1996 ambient copper water quality criteria, the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model and the 2005 state of Oklahoma copper water quality standards. Both the criterion maximum concentration and criterion continuous concentration were evaluated. Published acute and chronic copper toxicity data that met American Society for Testing and Materials guidance for test acceptability were obtained for exposures conducted with glochidia or juvenile freshwater mussels. We tabulated toxicity data for glochidia and juveniles to calculate 20 species mean acute values for freshwater mussels. Generally, freshwater mussel species mean acute values were similar to those of the more sensitive species included in the U.S. EPA water quality derivation database. When added to the database of genus mean acute values used in deriving 1996 copper water quality criteria, 14 freshwater mussel genus mean acute values included 10 of the lowest 15 genus mean acute values, with three mussel species having the lowest values. Chronic exposure and sublethal effects freshwater mussel data available for four species and acute to chronic ratios were used to evaluate the criterion continuous concentration. On the basis of the freshwater mussel toxicity data used in this assessment, the hardness‐based 1996 U.S. EPA water quality criteria, the 2005 Oklahoma water quality standards, and the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model might need to be revised to afford protection to freshwater mussels.
A New Cavity Defect for Terahertz Photonic Crystal Slabs

This paper presents a new type of photonic crystal cavity which is implemented as terahertz frequencies. The photonic crystal is a 380 μm thick silicon slab with a triangular lattice of air holes that has a pitch of 140 μm and hole diameters of 130 μm. The cavity consists of two holes filled with silicon, surrounded by the crystal. The frequency and Q of the cavity were measured using direct coupling from a waveguide to the cavity. The experimental data is in good agreement with finite difference time domain simulations.
An optimal integral sliding mode control using multiobjective H2/H∞ approach to surface design

In this paper, we propose an optimal method to design the sliding surface in variable structure control (VSC) systems in the presence of matched/mismatched uncertainties and disturbances. A VSC law is designed to guarantee the sliding motion. By solving the problem of optimal surface design with some quadratic constraints, a mixed H2 / H∞ approach is presented to reduce the effect of uncertainties and disturbances on the sliding motion. Solutions to VSC law design problem and surface design problem are based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be solved effectively through standard softwares. Finally, using a numerical example, we show the effectiveness of proposed methods.
The Hidden Costs of Caring: What Managers Need to Know

Vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress all have negative costs associated with them that managers of health care agencies need to know about. This article describes the causes and effects of vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress on frontline staff. It also examines the negative impact on the functioning of an organization and suggests some intervention strategies that leadership might utilize to mitigate these negative factors.
Chronic Hypernatremia Increases the Expression of Vasopressin and Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels in the Rat Choroid Plexus

The choroid plexus (CP) epithelium is one of the extrahypothalamic sources of arginine vasopressin (AVP). However, it is unclear whether the regulation of choroidal AVP synthesis in response to pathophysiological stimuli, such as hyperosmotic stress, is similar to that observed in the hypothalamus. In the present study, rats chronically implanted with cisterna magna cannulas, enabling the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in freely moving animals, were subjected to salt loading. CSF osmolality increased from the baseline normonatremic levels ranging between 292 ± 0.5 and 295 ± 2 to 309 ± 4 mosm/kg H2O at 2 days of hypernatremia. This elevated CSF osmolality was maintained at a relatively stable level until the end of a 10-day observation period. Changes in choroidal and hypothalamic AVP expression in response to hyperosmotic stress were assessed by semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. An increase in hypothalamic AVP expression was accompanied by augmented AVP synthesis in the CP. Compared to normonatremia, choroidal levels of AVP mRNA increased 5- and 10-fold at 2 and 5 days of salt loading, respectively. Salt loading also resulted in increased hypothalamic expression of the α-II, β1, and β2 subunits of voltage-gated Na+ channels. Similarly, the choroidal mRNA levels for the α-II and β1 subunits increased ∼2-fold after 5 days of salt loading; however, no changes in the β2 subunit expression were found in the CPs of hypernatremic rats. These experiments support the hypothesis that the regulation of choroidal AVP synthesis is similar to that observed in the hypothalamus. It is also suggested that the increased expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels found in the hypothalamus and CP after salt loading may play a role in the adaptation of AVP-producing cells to chronic hypernatremia.