Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is wrong with current approaches to management development in relation to women in management roles

Purpose – To challenge gender neutrality within management theories and to show how such theories influence the practice of management development to the detriment of women managers.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a feminist questioning of changes in management theory over the past several decades and the impact this has on management development practice in relation to women.Findings – The notion of a feminine ethos being carried to practicing managers through characteristics culturally associated with females should be helpful to women. However, the basis for formal, mixed group situations as a means of enabling women to develop as managers is debatable. A continuing reliance on questionnaires that fail to quantify the extent to which the constructs reflect a gender sensitivity and the failure to recognise such situations as reflecting relations between women and men in the wider social context serve to reinforce women in a subordinate role to men, deferring to and privileging men's .
A holistic model of computer abuse within organizations

Past studies suggest that computer security countermeasures such as security policies, systems, and awareness programs would be effective in preventing computer abuse in organizations. They are based on the general deterrence theory, which posits that when an organization implements countermeasures that threaten abusers, its computer abuse problems would be deterred. However, computer abuse problems persist in many organizations despite these measures. This article proposes a new model of computer abuse that extends the traditional model with the social criminology theories. Focusing on computer abuse within organizations, the model explains the phenomenon through social lenses such as social bonds and social learning. The new model contributes to our theoretical body of knowledge on computer abuse by providing a new angle for approaching the problem. It suggests to practitioners that both technical and social solutions should be implemented to reduce the pervasive computer abuse problems.
Kv1 channels control spike threshold dynamics and spike timing in cortical pyramidal neurones

Non‐Technical Summary Spiking neurones generate action potentials when the transmembrane voltage difference near the spike generating zone reaches a threshold level. Above the threshold, the inward sodium current exceeds the outward potassium current, causing the rapid upstroke of the action potential. In many neurones, including cortical pyramidal cells, the threshold is not constant but responds to a change in voltage with a short delay. The functional effect is equivalent to high‐pass filtering of the voltage response, and a major benefit is enhanced spike timing precision. Two mechanisms that may contribute to a dynamic spike threshold are sodium channel inactivation and potassium channel activation, both caused by a rise in voltage. We found that blocking low‐threshold Kv1 potassium channels greatly reduced threshold changes in pyramidal neurones located in layer 2–3 of the rat motor cortex. Studies using noise stimulation showed that blocking Kv1 impaired the ability of these cells to encode fast components of the input signal with precisely timed spikes. These results demonstrate a key role of Kv1 in cortical spike timing, with possible implications for information coding as well as pathological hypersynchronous discharges in epilepsy.
Nocturnal hypoxia and sleep disturbances in cystic fibrosis

Disrupted sleep and nocturnal hypoxia are common in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the predictors of nocturnal hypoxia in CF are still controversial. In order to identify the risk factors for nocturnal desaturation and sleep disturbances, we carried out a clinical and polysomnographic investigation of CF patients. We studied 30 clinically stable CF cases with clinical lung disease (mean age = 12.8; mean FEV1 = 65.2), 10 CF cases without significant lung disease (mean age = 13.3; mean FEV1 = 99.8), and 20 controls (mean age = 15.5). Patients were evaluated by spirometry, 6‐min walk test, the Shwachman–Kulczycki (S–K) score, and full overnight polysomnography. Cases with clinical lung disease had lower body mass index, forced vital capacity, and S–K scores. During sleep, five CF cases with clinical lung disease (15%) had SaO2 <90% during more than 30% of total sleep time and 11 cases (36.6%) had a nadir SaO2 below 85%. FEV1 values for CF cases with clinical lung disease were related to nadir SaO2 (P < 0.03) and to mean SaO2 (P = 0.02). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined FEV1 at 64% to be predictive of nocturnal desaturation as defined by minimum SaO2 <85% (sensitivity = 92.3%; specificity = 77.3%) or SaO2 <90% for 30% of sleep time (sensitivity = 81.8%; specificity = 85.2%). Frequency of impaired sleep was not different in CF cases with (N = 2) and without significant lung disease (N = 5, P = 0.53). Sleep architecture was not significantly different between the two groups. Sleep apnea was present in three CF cases with clinical lung disease and in one case without significant lung disease. In summary, desaturation during sleep can be predicted by FEV1 <64% with good sensitivity and specificity. There are no significant differences in sleep architecture between clinically stable CF cases with and without significant lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1143–1150. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exosomal transmission of functional aquaporin 2 in kidney cortical collecting duct cells

Non‐technical summary Like most cells, those of the kidney release protein and RNA in structures called exosomes. It is possible that the contents of exosomes released into the urine from one part of the kidney can alter the function of downstream cells. We have used a cell model to test whether exosomes act as cell‐to‐cell messengers within the kidney. First, cells were exposed to a hormone that regulates the body's retention of water. This increased the levels of water channels within the cells and also within their exosomes. Next, these exosomes were placed onto a separate batch of cells, which responded by increasing their transport of water. This study shows that exosomes are a new mechanism for the transfer of physiological information within the kidney.
New developments in the enteric nervous system

Research on the enteric nervous system is important because the mechanism by which the motility of the bowel is locally controlled is still not understood and because this research is critical in developing effective therapies for functional bowel disease. Although the behaviors regulated by the enteric nervous system cannot yet be explained in terms of the activity of single cells, it should soon be possible to do so. Considerable progress has been made in determining the function of particular types of enteric neurons, including sensory neurons of the submucosal plexus, motor neurons, and interneurons of the myentetic plexus. Uncertainly persists as to the nature of the myenteric neuron classified electrophysiologically as type 2/AH and morphologically as Dogiel type II. These cells may act as sensory neurons, as interneurons, or both. Nitric oxide has clearly been established to play a critical role as an intrinsic inhibitory neurotransmitter, as has ATP and vasoactive intestinal peptide, although neurons, smooth muscle, and interstitial cells of Cajal may each be both sources nitric oxide and the targets of its action. Interstitial cells appear to play roles as both as pacemaker cells for the circular muscle and in transmitting neural signals to smooth muscle cells. Although one cannot yet map the components of an enteric microcircuit, it should soon be possible to do so.
A holistic framework for mCRM - data mining perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, in order to understand mobile customer relationship management (mCRM) and data mining application in the mCRM, this paper aims to present a conceptualization of mCRM in respect of data mining. Second, the paper also aims to develop the empirically grounded framework of the mCRM from data mining perspective.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical paper is used to gain a conceptual view of mCRM. Semi‐structured interviews and contact methodology is used to form the main data source through which the major concerns and issues of mCRM are identified. This lead to holistic framework of mCRM. The paper followed the paradigm of natural science research on information technology by March and Smith and Hervner et al.Findings – The framework identified three critical issues that are categorized as customer care information center, data store and data access systems, and mobile services and technology. The paper on various existing literatures in mCRM strate.
M channel enhancers and physiological M channel block

Non‐technical summary Specific membrane proteins called ‘M channels’ control the excitability of peripheral pain‐sensing nerves. In certain disease conditions (e.g. inflammation), M channels become inhibited, and this contributes to the increased excitability of these nerves and, ultimately, to pain sensation. Recently, chemical compounds that enhance M channel activity have been discovered and were suggested as prospective analgesics. However, it was previously unknown whether these M channel enhancers could augment the activity of M channels that are inhibited in inflammatory conditions. We tested four compounds that possess M channel enhancer activity in various conditions mimicking inflammation. Our conclusions suggest that while the overall effect of the enhancers is reduced when M channels are inhibited, the remaining enhancement is sufficient to ‘recover’ M channel activity from inflammation‐induced inhibition. Our results support pharmacological targeting of M channels in peripheral nerves as a strategy against inflammatory pain.
Why Do Some People Manage Phishing Emails Better Than Others?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviour response of computer users when either phishing e‐mails or genuine e‐mails arrive in their inbox. The paper describes how this research was conducted and presents and discusses the findings.Design/methodology/approach – This study was a scenario‐based role‐play experiment that involved the development of a web‐based questionnaire that was only accessible by invited participants when they attended a one‐hour, facilitated session in a computer laboratory.Findings – The findings indicate that overall, genuine e‐mails were managed better than phishing e‐mails. However, informed participants managed phishing e‐mails better than not‐informed participants. Other findings show how familiarity with computers, cognitive impulsivity and personality traits affect behavioural responses to both types of e‐mail.Research limitations/implications – This study does not claim to evaluate actual susceptibility to phishing emails. The subjects were University.
Orquestrando os Sinais da Qualidade: Compreendendo a Busca pela Qualidade em uma Organização de Saúde

A avaliacao dos servicos pelos clientes e baseada no desempenho dos prestadores de servicos. Tal desempenho pode ser compreendido como um conjunto de numerosos sinais percebidos pelos clientes antes, durante e apos a entrega do servico. Estes sinais dividem-se em tres categorias: funcionais, mecânicos e humanos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar esta abordagem para compreensao das dimensoes que afetam a qualidade dos servicos. O foco foi averiguar as acoes realizadas pelos gestores para a transmissao da qualidade por meio dos sinais da qualidade. Para alcancar o objetivo proposto realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma clinica de tratamento oncologico de destaque setorial. A coleta de dados envolveu realizacao de entrevistas, aplicacao de questionarios e analise de documentos da organizacao. Concluiu-se que a qualidade em servicos pode ser melhor compreendida se a mesma for analisada sob estas dimensoes.
Ligand‐gated ion channels: from genes to behaviour

The study of ligand-gated ion-channels was born out of a marriage of convenience between early pharmacologists intent on developing a drug-receptor theory (Colquhoun, 2006) and pioneering neurophysiologists wishing to map out the many neurotransmitter pathways of the nervous system (Krnjevic, 1974, 2010). Investigators gravitated towards the cholinergic synapse of the neuromuscular junction in the late 1950s (Colquhoun & Sakmann, 1998) and produced our first serious treatise of agonist behaviour (Del Castillo & Katz, 1957), analysis at the single-channel level (Neher & Sakmann, 1976; Colquhoun & Sakmann, 1985) and ultimately the cloning of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (Sakmann et al. 1985). The Journal of Physiology played an integral role in many of these advances and has continued this tradition as the study of ligand-gated ion channels has broadened ever further over the decades to include investigators from many other disciplines.
Pulmonary function impairment after trachea‐esophageal fistula: A minor role for gastro‐esophageal reflux disease

Long‐term impairment of pulmonary function in trachea‐esophageal fistula (TEF) patients is, at least in part, commonly ascribed to gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The objective of this study was to examine the independent effects of the underlying condition and GERD on cardiopulmonary function.
Methacholine‐induced lung function changes measured with infant body plethysmography

Several techniques have been applied to measure airway responsiveness (AR) in infants, but there are limited data on lung function changes measured by body plethysmography during induced bronchoconstriction. The aim of this study was to compare changes in maximum forced expiratory flow measured at functional residual capacity (V'maxFRC) by rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RTC) technique with plethysmographic measurements of specific airway conductance (sGaw), and to investigate whether changes in functional residual capacity (FRC) occur during methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction in infants. We examined 94 infants with recurrent airway symptoms using methacholine airway challenge test including RTC and plethysmographic measurements. A significant association between changes in V'maxFRC and sGaw (r = 0.30; P = 0.004) was observed, but after adjustments with baseline variability the changes in V'maxFRC were greater and showed a closer association with changes in oxygen saturation. At the point of maximal airway obstruction, there was a poor agreement between V'maxFRC and sGaw to indicate a significant methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction. Airway challenge was also associated with a significant increase in FRC (P < 0.001), with decreasing V'maxFRC. We conclude that in infants undergoing airway challenge with methacholine, plethysmographic measurements of sGaw correlate with the changes in VmaxFRC, but the agreement is poor and the methods cannot be used interchangeably. VmaxFRC is also more sensitive to detect airway obstruction than sGaw. However, methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction was associated with significant increases in FRC, which may affect the validity of VmaxFRC measurements during the test. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:362–368. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dengue vascular permeability syndrome: what, no T cells?

TO THE EDITOR—Tam et al found that 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg of prednisolone administered orally for 3 consecutive days early in the course of dengue disease in Vietnamese children or adults failed to reduce subsequent abnormal hemostasis or loss of fluid from capillaries [1]. This result was greeted with dismay because an anticipated accessible and inexpensive ameliorative treatment of the dengue vascular permeability syndrome had failed, but neither the authors nor a published commentary identified the full significance of this audacious clinical trial [2]. The unusual clinical course of severe dengue permits early access to patients as illness begins with the sudden-onset fever that prompts many patients to seek medical attention. However, the abnormal hemostasis and increased vascular permeability that comprise the dengue vascular permeability syndrome occur several days after onset of fever, usually during defervescence. Thus, during dengue illnesses there is a therapeutic window for possible early intervention. The short duration of dengue vascular permeability has led most investigators to entertain the hypothesis of an underlying pharmacological mechanism, with central efforts focused on cytokines released during the elimination of dengue-infected cells [3]. As evidence of some therapeutic effect, in the Vietnam trial prednisolone slightly reversed leukopenia and aspartate aminotransferase levels, but the full immune elimination event was not altered as all patients recovered from their dengue infection uneventfully and on schedule. The steroid doses administered should have been immunosuppressive, so perhaps the dengue vascular permeability syndrome is not T cell mediated. If not, what could be the late-in-illness pathogenic mechanism? The answer may reside in an old suspect—the denguesoluble complement-fixing antigen, or nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) [4]. Recently, Lin et al have found that during the late stages of dengue disease NS1 circulates as complexes with thrombin [5]. More importantly, NS1 also forms complexes with prothrombin, resulting in a prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin times, values that have been shown to be the strongest correlate of vascular permeability in patients with dengue infection [6]. As its original name implies, NS1 interacts powerfully with the complement system, and complement activation once was recognized as an intrinsic component of the dengue vascular permeability syndrome [7, 8]. Might the release of NS1 from dengueinfected cells contribute to the late onset of the dengue shock syndrome? Studies on the virological course of dengue infections in monkeys found that peak cellular infection occurred at the end of the viremic phase [9]. If this is true for humans, then during defervescence the cell elimination immune process may release a bolus of NS1, which—still biologically active despite circulating as immune complexes—produces a NS1 toxicosis. It is well to recall that NS1 vaccines have shown protection against flavivirus disease [10]. The results of the Vietnam study surely demand a major new thrust to dengue pathogenesis research.
Polymorphisms in GSDMA and GSDMB are associated with asthma susceptibility, atopy and BHR

The gasdermin A (GSDMA) and gasdermin B (GSDMB) genes are located at 17q21.2. The GSDM family genes have been studied in the gastrointestinal tract but recent reports suggest that GSDMB is associated with childhood asthma in several populations. We investigated the association of the GSDMA and GSDMB variants with asthma in Korean children, and to assess the effect of these variants on intermediate phenotypes of asthma. Asthmatic (n = 778) and normal (n = 522) children were enrolled and genotypes were determined using PCR‐RFLP. Asthma susceptibility was associated with GG of the GSDMA (rs7212938) and TT of GSDMB (rs7216389). And a combination of risk alleles of two polymorphisms was associated with asthma susceptibility and a frequency of those was higher in asthmatic children with increased levels of total IgE (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.15–2.72) and BHR (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 0.99–2.40) compared to normal. Also, we observed a significant association between haplotype of two polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility. The region including the GSDMA and GSDMB polymorphisms may be associated with asthma susceptibility and intermediate phenotypes of asthma, such as elevated IgE and BHR, in Korean children with asthma. These results strongly support an important role for the GSDMA and GSDMB in the development of childhood asthma. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:701–708. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional brain blood flow in man during acute changes in arterial blood gases

• The partial pressures of arterial carbon dioxide () and oxygen () has a marked influence on brain blood flow. • It is unclear if the larger brain arteries are also sensitive to changing and and if different areas of the brain possess different sensitivities. • We separately altered and and measured the diameter and blood flow in the main arteries delivering blood to the cortex and brainstem. • During alterations in and , the large arteries changed diameter and blood flow to the brainstem changed more than that to the cortex. • These findings change the basis of our understanding of brain blood flow control in humans.
Physical health and health risk factors in a population of long-stay psychiatric patients

AIMS AND METHOD To evaluate the physical health and health risk factors in long-stay psychiatric patients in a high secure psychiatric hospital. A cross-sectional survey of consenting patients was undertaken using a semi-structured questionnaire, a brief physical examination and review of patient case notes. A comparison was made with data collected on admission and held on the Special Hospitals’ Case Register. RESULTS Main findings were: a mean increase in weight since admission, in men of 10.62 kg and in women of 12.74 kg; high rates of smoking, obesity and large waist size; 54% of patients had one or more health problems. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The study’s profile of the physical health of psychiatric in-patients indicates the need for health promotion initiatives in such hospitals and the need for primary care services.
HIV-1 drug resistance resulting from antiretroviral therapy far exceeds that from pre-exposure prophylaxis.

To the Editor—We challenge the conclusions drawn by Hurt et al in their Viewpoint article “Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Resistance: HIV Prevention at a Cost? ” The authors cite the very few cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance that have occurred in seroconverters from trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as evidence of the potential for PrEP to jeopardize the long-term utility of tenofovir (TFV) and emtricitabine (FTC) in first-line treatment regimens in resource-limited settings. They also speculate that the possible increase in resistance from PrEP could offset the enormous benefit of preventing HIV infection in at-risk populations [1]. To date, only 3 cases of resistance from PrEP have occurred in a total of 80 seroconverters on active antiretroviral (ARV) arms from 3 large HIV prevention trials: 0 of 35 sequenced in the TFV gel arm in the CAPRISA-004 clinical trial [2]; 2 of 36 in the oral TDF-FTC arm in the iPrEx study [3], and 1 of 9 in the TDF2 study [4]. All 3 cases had unrecognized acute HIV infection before being placed on TFV-containing PrEP. No cases of resistance have yet been identified in trial participants who became infected after starting ARV-containing gel or tablets. By contrast, first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) fails to suppress viremia in 22% of persons on therapy [5] and up to 95% of those who fail ART have drug-resistant HIV-1 [6]. Given that >6.6 million persons worldwide have started ART [7], failure of ART to suppress viremia, rather than failure of PrEP to prevent HIV infection, is driving the spread of drug resistance in the developing world. Indeed, recent surveys report an increase in transmitted drug resistance in resource-limited settings, from previous estimates of <5% using World Health Organization threshold surveys conducted before 2008 [8] to as high as 12.3% in various regions in sub–Saharan Africa, particularly in areas of treatment scale-up [9]. This increase has occurred as a consequence of ART roll-out without the influence of PrEP. More than 681 000 lives have been saved from expanding treatment roll-out [10], and an effective PrEP agent has the potential for further impact by preventing HIV-1 infection in the first place. Drug resistance will always be a risk with the use of antiretrovirals, but exaggeration of risk serves no purpose other than to raise fear and impede progress toward ending the AIDS epidemic.