Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bias-dependent spin injection into graphene on YIG through bilayer hBN tunnel barriers

We study the spin injection efficiency into single and bilayer graphene on the ferrimagnetic insulator yttriumiron-garnet (YIG) through an exfoliated tunnel barrier of bilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The contacts of two samples yield a resistance-area product between 5 and 30 k Omega mu m(2). Depending on an applied dc bias current, the magnitude of the nonlocal spin signal can be increased or suppressed below the noise level. The differential spin injection efficiency reaches values from -60% to +25%. The results are confirmed with both spin valve and spin precession measurements. The proximity induced exchange field is found in single layer graphene on YIG to be (85 +/- 30) mT and in bilayer graphene on YIG close to the detection limit. Our results show that the exceptional spin injection properties of bilayer hBN tunnel barriers reported by Gurram et al. [Nat. Commun. 8, 248 (2017)] are not limited to fully encapsulated graphene systems but are also valid in graphene/YIG devices. This further emphasizes the versatility of bilayer hBN as an efficient and reliable tunnel barrier for graphene spintronics.
Ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmon nanolasers with quantum coherence and external plasmonic feedback

Spasers have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed and promise to deliver new exciting nanophotonic and biomedical applications. Here we theoretically investigate ultrafast dynamical properties of spasers with external plasmonic feedback. We consider a spaser both as a nanoscale source and detector of plasmons which could be used to design novel nano-imaging and sensing techniques. We show that, as with conventional lasers, spasers are sensitive to external feedback. However, unlike the lasers, spasers have faster relaxation dynamics which could be used to develop new ultrasensitive near field imaging techniques. We investigate the dependence of spaser relaxation oscillations on feedback parameters and show that quantum coherence can be used to increase the sensitivity to feedback.
Not Conway's 99-Graph Problem

Conway's 99-graph problem is the second problem amongst the five 1000\$ 2017 open problems set. Four out of the five remain unsolved to this day, including the 99-graph problem. In this paper we quote Conway's definition of the problem and give an alternative interpretation of it, which we humorously name "not Conway's 99-graph problem". We solve the alternative interpretation completely.
An Economic Model of Locus of Control and the Human Capital Investment Decision

We present an economic model of how teenagers’ outlooks—specifically their locus of control—affect their human capital investments. Locus of control measures the extent to which a person believes their actions affect their outcomes. The model allows locus of control to affect teenagers’ assessment of the return to education. The effect of eighth graders’ locus of control on high school completion and college attendance is examined using the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The results indicate that locus of control influences education decisions and suggests that locus of control operates through teenagers’ expectations of the returns to human capital investments.
Author's response to reviews Title:Systematic assessment of prognostic gene signatures for breast cancer shows distinct influence of time and ER status Authors:

Xi Zhao Ph.D. (xi.cameron@me.com) Einar A. Rødland Ph.D. (einarro@ifi.uio.no) Therese Sørlie Ph.D. (Therese.Sorlie@rr-research.no) Hans Kristian M. Vollan M.D. (hans.kristian.vollan@me.com) Hege G. Russnes M.D., Ph.D. (hegrus@rr-research.no) Vessela N. Kristensen Ph.D. (v.n.kristensen@medisin.uio.no) Ole Christian Lingjærde Ph.D. (ole@ifi.uio.no) Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale Ph.D. (a.l.borresen-dale@medisin.uio.no)
On the stability of Kelvin waves

We consider the evolution of weakly nonlinear dispersive long waves in a rotating channel. The governing equations are derived and approximate solutions obtained for the initial data corresponding to a Kelvin wave. In consequence of the small nonlinear speed correction it is shown that weakly nonlinear Kelvin waves are unstable to a direct nonlinear resonance with the linear Poincaré modes of the channel. Numerical solutions of the governing equations are computed and found to give good agreement with the approximate analytical solutions. It is shown that the curvature of the wavefront and the decay of the leading wave amplitude along the channel are attributable to the Poincaré waves generated by the resonance. These results appear to give a qualitative explanation of the experimental results of Maxworthy (1983), and Renouard, Chabert d'Hières & Zhang (1987).
An individual-based forest model to jointly simulate carbon and tree diversity in Amazonia: description and applications

Forest dynamic models predict the current and future states of ecosystems and are a nexus between physiological processes and empirical data, forest plot inventories and remote-sensing information. The problem of biodiversity representation in these models has long been an impediment to a detailed understanding of ecosystem processes. This challenge is amplified in species-rich and high-carbon tropical forests. Here we describe an individual-based and spatially-explicit forest growth simulator, TROLL, that integrates recent advances in plant physiology. Processes (carbon assimilation, allocation, reproduction and mortality) are linked to species-specific functional traits, and the model was parameterized for an Amazonian tropical rainforest. We simulated a forest regeneration experiment from bare soil, and we validated it against observations at our sites. Simulated forest regeneration compared well with observations for stem densities, gross primary productivity, aboveground biomass, and floristic composition. After 500 years of regrowth, the simulated forest displayed structural characteristics similar to observations (e.g. leaf area index and trunk diameter distribution). We then assessed the model's sensitivity to a number of key model parameters: light extinction coefficient and carbon quantum yield, and to a lesser extent mortality rate, and carbon allocation, all influenced ecosystem features. To illustrate the potential of the approach, we tested whether variation in species richness and composition influenced ecosystem properties. Overall, species richness had a positive effect on ecosystem processes, but this effect was controlled by the identity of species rather by richness per se. Also, functional trait community means had a stronger effect than functional diversity on ecosystem processes. TROLL should be applicable to many tropical forests sites, and data requirement is tailored to ongoing trait collection efforts. Such a model should foster the dialogue between ecology and the vegetation modeling community, help improve the predictive power of models, and eventually better inform policy choices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Autocalibrated Parallel Imaging using TGRAPPA

F. Breuer, P. Kellman, M. A. Griswold, P. M. Jakob Physikalisches Institut, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany, Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, NHLBI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States Synopsis: In this study increased data acquisition efficiency in dynamic parallel imaging has been achieved by using a time interleaved acquisition scheme in combination with autocalibrated GRAPPA. In this approach no additional auto calibration signals (ACS) need to be acquired, since the signal from the adjacent time frames is used to assemble a full set of ACS lines for an improved GRAPPA reconstruction. This eliminates the main drawback of conventional GRAPPA, namely the need to acquire additional reference lines. Introduction: Several different methods have been described to speed up the acquisition time by decreasing the number of phase encoding steps. Parallel imaging techniques use multiple receiver coils to remove aliasing artifacts, resulting from undersampled k-space trajectories. In this study, we combine the interleaved sampling pattern (Fig.1) used in UNFOLD [1] and TSENSE [2] with the GRAPPA [3] reconstruction. In this method, lines from adjacent time frames can be combined to form a complete set (full spatial resolution) of ACS lines. This has the advantage that no extra lines need to be acquired, thereby realizing the full image acceleration. For this study, we have used TGRAPPA reconstructions with acceleration factors of 2, 3 and 4 in real-time (non-gated), free breathing cardiac studies. Methods: The experiments were performed on a Siemens Sonata 1.5 Tesla whole body scanner using an 8-channel coil from NOVA Medical. A TrueFISP sequence was chosen for real time non breath-held cardiac imaging to acquire multiple frames with acceleration rates of 2, 3 and 4. The imaging parameters were TE=1.11ms, TR=2.22ms, FOV=29.2cm x 36.0cm, 8mm slice thickness matrix=60 x 128, α=50°. The frame rate was accelerated from approximately 7.5 fps (R=1) to 30 fps (R=4). In Fig. 1 the time interleaved acquisition scheme is schematically shown for an acceleration factor of 4. The ACS lines required for the GRAPPA reconstruction were assembled by combining the data from adjacent frames. Afterwards, a normal GRAPPA reconstruction was performed using the full set of 60 ACS lines.
Exploring Quantum, Classical and Semi-Classical Chaos in the Stadium Billiard

This paper explores quantum and classical chaos in the stadium billiard using Matlab simulations to investigate the behavior of wave functions in the stadium and the corresponding classical orbits believed to underlie wave function scarring. The simulations use three complementary methods. The quantum wave functions are modeled using a cellular automaton simulating a Hamiltonian wave function with discrete (square pixel) boundary conditions approaching the stadium in the classical limit. The classical orbits are computed by solving the reflection equations at the classical boundary thus giving direct insights into the wave functions and eigenstates of the quantum stadium. Finally, a simplified semi-classical algorithm is developed to show the comparison between this and the quantum wave function method. Quanta 2014; 3: 16–31.
Effects of shear heating and dilatancy on slip instability of a fluid-infiltrated fault with rate/state depen- dent friction

where the expression following the first equality is the force in the spring and that following the second is the frictional resistance to sliding of the block (both expressed for a block of unit area). The load point velocity vo is the product of the imposed rate of tectonic strain rate γ̇ in the crustal block and the characteristic length of the block. The effective spring stiffness k is the shear modulus G of the material surrounding the fault divided by . The frictional resistance is the product of the effective compressive stress (σ − p) (the difference between the total constant compressive stress and the pore pressure) and a friction coefficient μ, which in general may depend on the amount of slip, slip velocity, and the state of the frictional contact. We utilize the well-known model of fault friction which depends on the instantaneous sliding velocity v = δ̇ and a state variable θ with the meaning of the average asperity contact time, (Dieterich 1979)
Hölder-Young bounds for operators with regular kernels, Hardy-Littlewood bounds for operators with weakly singular kernels, and Calderon- Zygmund bounds for strongly singular convolution operators over Euclidean space

It easy to see that every bounded linear operator is continuous. It is not hard to show that the converse is also true. The notions of bounded and continuous thereby coincide for linear operators acting between normed spaces. It is customary to prefer the terminology bounded linear operator over that of continuous linear operator. The reason for this preference is the fact that the hard part of showing a linear operator is continuous is usually establishing the bound (1.2).
2 A Logic-based Benders Approach for Home Healthcare Scheduling

Modern discrete optimization models, especially those motivated by practical problems, continue to grow in complexity and scale. The development of modern methodologies to address such models arising from practice is of paramount importance, and even more so given that advanced analytical tools become increasingly widespread among businesses. This proposal presents four projects, commonly aligned in the pursuit of solving larger, more complex models involving discrete variables. The first two sections present the use of decomposition as a method for handling more complex structures; the first a combination of assignment and scheduling; the second robustness with respect to combinatorial uncertainty sets. The latter two sections propose projects which aim to increase our understanding of recently developed tools for discrete optimization; multivalued decision diagrams and quantum annealing.
Dual-Helix Monopole Antenna with Circular Polarization Operation for Minimally Invasive Surgery System

A novel dual-helix monopole antenna with circular polarization (CP) operation is proposed. By utilizing a pair of asymmetrical strip-sleeves shorted at the ground plane, the proposed CP design at 2.45GHz ISM band can easily be achieved and provides the impedance bandwidth (RL 10 dB) about 240MHz and the 6 dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth about 126MHz. The measured peak gain and radiation efficiency are about 9.1 dBic and 81% across the operating bands, respectively.
6 Endocrine Delivery System of NK 4 , an HGF-Antagonist and Anti-Angiogenic Regulator , for Inhibitions of Tumor Growth , Invasion and Metastasis

Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 cancers in 2008 have been prepared for 182 countries by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Ferlay et al., 2010). Overall, an estimated 12.7 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occur in 2008, with 56% of new cancer cases and 63% of the cancer deaths occurring in the less developed regions of the world. The most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide are lung (1.61 million, 12.7% of the total), breast (1.38 million, 10.9%) and colorectal cancers (1.23 million, 9.7%). Cancer is neither rare anywhere in the world, nor mainly confined to highresource countries. Many cancer subjects die from cancer as a result of organ failure due to “metastasis” (Geiger & Peeper, 2009), thus indicating that medical control of tumor metastasis leads to a marked improvement in cancer prognosis. The acquisition of the metastatic phenotype is not simply the result of oncogene mutations, but instead is achieved through an interstitial stepwise selection process (Mueller & Fusenig, 2004). The dissociation and migration of cancer cells, together with a breakdown of basement membranes between the parenchyme and stroma, are a prerequisite for tumor invasion. The next sequential events involved in cancer metastasis include the following: (i) penetration of cancer cells to adjacent vessels (i.e., intravasation); (ii) suppressed anoikis (i.e., suspension-induced apoptosis) of cancer cells in blood flow; and (iii) an extravascular migration and re-growth of metastatic cells in the secondary organ. For an establishment of anti-metastasis therapy, it is important to elucidate the basic mechanism(s) whereby tumor metastasis is achieved through a molecular event(s). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was discovered and cloned as a potent mitogen of rat hepatocytes in a primary culture system (Nakamura et al., 1984, 1989; Nakamura, 1991). Beyond its name, HGF is now recognized as an essential organotrophic regulator in almost all tissues (Nakamura, 1991; Rubin et al., 1993; Zarnegar & Michalopoulos, 1995; Birchmeier & Gherardi, 1998; Nakamura & Mizuno, 2010). Actually, HGF induces mitogenic, motogenic
Pattern of intracranial tumours in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

Objective This study seeks to describe the pattern of intracranial tumours in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) based on patient demographics, clinical presentation, spatial distribution of tumour and histological findings. Method The study design is retrospective and descriptive. Data was obtained from the clinical records of patients with intracranial tumours treated in our neurosurgery unit between January 2010 to December 2015, and histology reports obtained from the histopathology unit. Patients with intracranial tumours without definitive histological diagnosis were excluded. Results Of the 102 histologically diagnosed brain tumours, out of 335 brain tumour cases seen in the period under review, 58 (56.9%) were females and 44 (43.1%) were males (p = 0.031). Gliomas were the commonest intracranial tumours - 39(38.2%) followed by Meningiomas 37(36.2%) and Pituitary Adenoma - 9(8.8%). Astrocytoma was the commonest type of Glioma comprising 30(77%) of the 39 cases. Meningotheliomatous meningioma was the commonest type of meningioma with 11 (29.7%) of 37 cases. Of the 39 Gliomas 17(43.6%) were males and 22(56.4%) were females, while for the Meningioma 17(46%) were males and 20(54%) were females. The commonest symptom was headache (64%) and the commonest tumour location was supratentorial (77.5%). The crude incidence rate of intracranial tumours in this study was 1.34 per 100,000 populations per year. Conclusion Gliomas are the commonest intracranial tumours seen in our series. Overall, females were more commonly affected than males in most brain tumours in this series, including both gliomas and meningiomas. Funding Not declared.
ROLE OF ADJUVANT THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY-STAGE CERVICAL CANCER

Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology–Gynecology: Aaron H. Wolfson, MD; Mahesh A. Varia, MD; David Moore, MD; Guatam G. Rao, MD; Higinia Rosa Cardenes, MD, PhD; Mohamed A. Elshaikh, MD; Beth Erickson, MD; Anuja Jhingran, MD; Shruti Jolly, MD; Elizabeth Kidd, MD; Larissa J. Lee, MD; Nina A. Mayr, MD; William Small Jr, MD; Andrew O. Wahl, MD; Catheryn M. Yashar, MD; William Yuh, MD; David K. Gaffney, MD, PhD.
Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries

Although the quantity rather than quality of health services has been the focus historically in developing countries, ample evidence suggests that quality of care (or the lack of it) must be at the center of every discussion about better health. This paper discusses the cost effectiveness of various interventions to improve the quality of care in developing countries.
Lung Cancer Stem Cells: Current Progress and Future Perspectives

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have attracted a lot of interest in the field of cancer research in recent years. Lung CSCs share many characteristics with the normal pluripotent stem cells, such as self-renewal and multi-potent abilities. Identification of normal adult lung stem cells and their response to injury has led us to the lung cancer stem cells, partially based on the knowledge that lung CSCs as well as the normal lung stem cells share similar markers and/or location in the airway tree. Several studies have identified CD133, CD44, ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) and ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2) as lung cancer stem cell markers, all of which are validated CSC markers in multiple other cancer types as well. Embryogenesis signaling pathways, such as the hedgehog, wnt and notch pathways has also been implicated as determinants of lung CSC phenotype. With the central role of CSCs in tumor recurrence, metastasis and drug-resistance, targeting CSC markers and/or signaling pathways to eradicate lung cancer and enhance patient outcome is an attractive approach. This review summarizes our current understanding of CSC markers and signaling pathways in lung cancer.
Selenium effects on antioxidant and inflammatory indices in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Introduction: Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Se on renal functional parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the nitric oxide (NO) level in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were selected and subsequently divided into three groups (n=8); group 1 as the control group, group 2 as the untreated group (IR without treatment) and group 3 as the IR group (treated with Se (1 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneally). The period of Se administration was 2 weeks before the inducing renal IR. To cause renal IR, renal pedicles were occluded by safe clamps for 45 minutes. Then, the clamps were removed and 24 hours was considered as reperfusion. After the study, blood sampling from the hearts and the removal of the left kidney was conducted immediately for biochemical measurements. Results: Renal IR significantly increased serum levels of urea, creatinine (Cr), serum and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, serum NO level, and MPO activity. It significantly decreased serum and renal glutathione (GSH) levels, serum paraoxonase 1 activity, serum and renal activities of catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Se could reverse these findings, but the increase of paraoxonase 1 activity and the decrease of MPO activity in IR animals were not significant. Conclusion: It seems that Se has protective effects on inflammatory indices. It can ameliorate renal IR complications which are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION BASED ON MODIFIED DYNAMIC BACKGROUND USING GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODELS AND HOG-SVM DETECTION

In this paper, we propose a fast pedestrian detection method based on surveillance video clips under stationary cameras. Our purpose is to address the problem of low speed of pedestrian detection with an HOG-SVM detector. First, the background modeling using the mixture of Gaussians is used to extract the moving objects in the video. Then, three steps, i.e., shadow removing, eroding and dilating and border expanding are performed to make further alterations to the extracted foreground. At the same time, our experiments based on the INRIA dataset calculate the histogram of oriented gradients feature of the whole pedestrians and classify them by a support vector machine. Experimental results indicate that the foreground extracted by our background modeling scheme can contain all the moving objects well through shadow removing and border expanding. So the proposed methods outperform the traditional HOG+SVM method in both recognition accuracy and processing speed.