Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)–Infested Rangeland after Wildfire

Abstract Invasive plants need to be managed after wildfire to suppress the invasive plant and to maintain or restore a desired plant community. Our study tested treatments that influence species availability and performance following a disturbance (wildfire). The overall objective was to determine the ability of herbicide and revegetation treatments to restore spotted knapweed–infested areas to desired plant communities after wildfire. The study consisted of a factorial combination of three herbicide application treatments (broadcast application, spot application, and no herbicide) and three seed mixture treatments (grass-only seed mix, a grass and forb seed mix, no seeding). Picloram was used for the herbicide. Both the broadcast and spot picloram application methods decreased spotted knapweed cover and density up to 80% while increasing desired grass cover and density up to 20% compared with the control. However, broadcast spraying picloram decreased species richness from 5.7 to 3.6 species 0.1 m−2 and decreased desired forb density and cover compared with spot-applied picloram treatment. Spot spraying resulted in an increase in other undesired forbs compared with broadcast spraying. Seeding with desired species had no effect on spotted knapweed cover or density. Spot spraying may help maintain desired species richness while managing spotted knapweed. Nomenclature: Picloram; spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe L. CEST8.
Ameliorated effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on biomarkers of subchronic acrylamide hepatotoxicity and brain toxicity in rats

Acrylamide (ACR) exerts its toxicity through stimulation of the oxidative stress; yet, its effect on neurotransmitter catabolic enzymes has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of ACR exposure on brain and hepatic tissues antioxidant enzymes activities and different markers such as, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitric oxide (NO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and lipid profile, and to evaluate the protective effects of garlic against ACR toxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ACR (1 mg kg−1 body weight) with or without diet containing 1.5% of garlic powder for 40 days. ACR administration showed a decrease in AChE activity associated with an increase in MAO activity in both brain and hepatic tissues. In addition, ACR administration increased the lipid peroxidation and NO levels of both tissues while decreased the activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). On the other hand, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities increased as a consequence of GSH depletion after ACR exposure. Finally, ACR exposure increased the brain and liver lipid profile of cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipid, while phospholipids level was decreased. Coadministration of garlic powder with ACR significantly attenuated oxidative stress, MAO activity, and inflammation in brain and hepatic tissues but did not ameliorate AChE activity. In conclusion, our results emphasized the role of garlic as a potential adjuvant therapy to prevent ACR neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
Compact Model of All-Optical-Switching Magnetic Elements

We present, for the first time, a VerilogA compact model for an all-optically switchable magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) using results of all-optical-switching (AOS) simulations. Our model is compatible with electronics and photonics design automation tools, and was tested using Cadence Specter and Virtuoso. This compact model can be used to design circuits and systems combining MTJs, photonic circuits, and electronic circuits giving the possibility to researchers working within this field to develop novel circuits and systems.
Breakthrough curve investigation for analysing effectiveness of CO2 adsorption using K2CO3 in fixed bed column

Carbon dioxide contributed great amount of Green House Gas (GHG) emission. Solid adsorption is one of the way to ease or lower carbon dioxide emission. The objective of this study is investigating breakthrough curve of CO2 adsorption using K2CO3 solid in fixed bed column. Adsorption experiment is used to analysed adsorption capacity, breakpoint time and length of effective bed height. K2CO3 used as adsorbent and rice husk as support. The K2CO3 adsorption occurred under mild condition. The CO2 inlet and outlet concentration were analysed by acid-base titration. The highest adsorption capacity by K2CO3/rice husk is 0.2 mmol/g adsorbent at CO2 inlet flow rate 28 LPM (litre per minutes) by 50 gr K2CO3 adsorbent. it is necessary to vary other parameter because CO2 flow rate (15,9 and 28 LPM) and adsorbent amount (50-125 gr) do not affect adsorption capacity significantly.
Targeted therapeutic RNases (ImmunoRNases)

Immunotoxins combining antibody specificity with bacterial or plant toxins are limited by their strong immunogenicity and non-specific toxicity. Ribonucleases of the RNase A protein superfamily provide a solution to address these issues because they show potent antineoplastic activity on cell internalization but do not show appreciable immunogenicity or non-specific toxicity. Their therapeutic value is demonstrated by RNase derived from the frog (Rana pipiens), Onconase® (ONC, Alfacell, Inc., New Jersey, USA), the first and only RNase being evaluated in clinical trials at present. Conjugation or fusion of RNases to tumor specific antibodies is a promising approach to further boost tumor cell killing of these compounds. This review focuses on ‘targeted RNases/ImmunoRNases’ as promising novel anticancer therapeutics.
Healing of abdominal incisions in sea lamprey larvae: a comparison of three wound-closure techniques

Sea lamprey larvae Petromyzon marinus were incised full thickness through their abdominal wall and the wounds closed with one of three closure techniques: cyanoacrylate adhesive (glue), a simple interrupted (SI) suture pattern, and an interrupted horizontal mattress (HM) pattern. Postoperative mortality was 13% for the glued animals and 7% for both sutured groups. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to occurrence of abdominal eviscerations, adhesions, granulation tissue or intact epithelium. The HM pattern reduced significantly the occurrence of abdominal hernia formation compared to the glued animals. Gross inflammation was found to decrease from 100% at day five to 20% at 2 weeks in both suture groups, but decreased only from 80 to 60% for glued animals through the course of the study. Some sutures remained intact in the HM group at 2 weeks, yet no sutures remained in the SI group. No glue was present on any of the wounds treated with tissue adhesive at any collection period. Tissue apposition was achieved best with the HM pattern and this may improve the animal's chance for normal, long-term survival.
Determinants of the extent of indigenous large herbivore impact on herbaceous vegetation at watering points in the north-eastern lowveld, South Africa

Watering points in the semi-arid Kruger National Park, Klaserie Private Nature Reserve, Cleveland Game Park and four game ranches in the Klaserie district were studied. Herbaceous community composition and basal cover were measured in transects starting at, and radiating from the water. The community compositions were converted to herbaceous forage and fine fuel production potential scores and the extents of impact determined. A general linear model was used to analyse the extent of impact of indigenous large herbivores on these parameters at artificial watering points. Rainfall in the previous rainfall season, stocking rate and distance to the nearest neighbouring watering point had significant effects. Amounts of clay and sand in the A and B horizons of the soil were not important in determining the extent of impacts on herbaceous rangeland condition indices. Once watering points are placed at a density such that all areas on a property are within reach of foraging, water-dependent indigenous large herbivores, the effects of additional watering points are expected to be of little importance relative to those of rainfall and stocking rate. It is feasible to manage for reduced impacts on rangeland condition at watering points. A water provision system of clusters of watering points separated by large waterless areas is proposed.
INFLUENCE OF CELL SHAPE AND SIZE ON ALGAL COMPETITIVE ABILITY 1

Allometric relations between physiological processes and cell volume and surface area are combined with the variable‐internal‐stores model of growth to predict the ability of hypothetical phytoplankton to compete for phosphorus at equilibrium. The analysis shows that for spherical cells, smaller cells are better competitors than large ones. For cells that are very elongated in shape, however, large cells are often better competitors than small ones. The cells predicted to be the best competitors compare favorably in size and shape with the species observed to dominate in phosphorus‐limited chemostats at equilibrium.
Change Management Over Financial Information: A Multi-Criteria Evaluation of System Change Controls Using Desirability Functions

The increasing complexity of information technology, attacks on confidential information, and the passing of new laws and regulations have shifted the focus around internal controls in organizations. Particularly, general information technology controls related to change management (i.e., system change controls) are critical in ensuring the integrity, completeness, and reliability of financial information. The literature points to various evaluation methods for these controls to determine which ones to implement. However, these methods do not necessarily consider relevant organization constraints, preventing the inclusion of required controls or the exclusion of unnecessary controls. This paper proposes a novel approach, using Desirability Functions, for evaluating system change controls providing management with a measurement that is representative of the overall quality of each control based solely on organizational goals and objectives. Through a case assessment, the approach is proven successful in providing a way for measuring the quality of system change controls in organizations.
Ligand induced upregulation of the type II transforming growth factor (TGF-β) receptor enhances TGF-β responsiveness in COLO-357 cells

The effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 on type I and type II TGF-beta receptor (T beta RI and T beta RII) expression were examined in five pancreatic cancer cell lines. In contrast to its actions in COLO-357, a TGF-beta-sensitive pancreatic cancer cell line, TGF-beta 1 did not significantly alter TGF-beta receptor expression in either the TGF-beta-sensitive BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cells or in the TGF-beta-resistant CAPAN-1 and T3M4 cells. Neutralizing anti-T beta RII antibodies blocked TGF-beta 1-dependent signaling in COLO-357 cells but exhibited an attenuated effect in COLO-357 cells preincubated with TGF-beta 1 for 48 h. Basal T beta RII expression levels were comparable in all five cell lines examined. In contrast, COLO-357 cells and BX-PC-3 cells expressed relatively high basal levels of T beta RI. However, COLO-357 cells harbored a normal Smad4 gene, whereas BX-PC-3 cells exhibited a complete deletion of this gene. We conclude that the TGF-beta 1-induced T beta RII upregulation serves to enhance TGF-beta 1 responsiveness in COLO-357 cells, and that this upregulation requires the presence of adequate levels of T beta RI and T beta RII, and a functional Smad4 gene product. Our findings also indicate that TGF-beta 1 may inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth via a Smad4-independent pathway.
ANTS REARRANGE THE VERTEBRATE-GENERATED SEED SHADOW OF A NEOTROPICAL FIG TREE

We studied the secondary movements of Ficus hondurensis seeds after their initial dispersal by vertebrates in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. Common vertebrate consumers of figs were various birds, bats, coatis, white-faced monkeys, and ctenosaurs. The ants Pheidole radosz- kowskii, P. fallax, and Atta cephalotes were common secondary disperers. Ants removed 25.2 to 97.7% of the seeds placed randomly in 275 groups (N = 13 700 seeds). Rodents did not attack these seeds. Ants removed seeds from vertebrate feces, but were more likely to remove seeds from fruit fragments. Ants found and depleted seed groups more rapidly in a late-successional forest site than under the fruiting tree. Some fig seeds that were discarded by ants germinated, indicating that such secondary movements of seeds may be beneficial to the parent plant.
Effect of Development Stage on the Artemisinin Content and the Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Marker of High-Artemisinin Yielding Strains of Artemisia annua L.

The effects of development states on the artemisinin content of clone S1 of Artemisia anuua L. grown in a greenhouse were investigated in the present study. The artemisinin content increased gradually during the phase of vegetative growth and reached its highest level at 8–9 mg/g dry weight (DW) when the S1 was 6 months old on a long day (LD) photoperiod. Treatment with 9–18 d of short day (SD) photoperiod resulted in the artemisinin content reaching and being maintained at a higher level (2.059–2.289 mg/g DW), twofold that of control plants and plants of S1 presented at the pro-flower budding and flower-budding stages. The artemisinin content varied in different parts of the plant. The artemisinin content of leaves was higher than that of florets and branches. The artemisinin content in middle leaves was higher than that of bottom leaves, and then top leaves. Different densities of capitate glands (the storage organ of artemisinin) located on the surface of leaves, florets, and branches explained the variations in artemisinin content in these parts of the plant. The correlation coefficient between artemisinin content and density of capitate glands on the surface of different organs was 0.987. The genetic marker for artemisinin content was screened using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) techniques. The random primer OPA15 (5′-TTCCGAACCC-3′) could amplify a specific band of approximately 1 000 bp that was present in all high-artemisinin yielding strains, but absent in all low-yielding strains in three independent replications. This specific band was cloned and its sequence was analyzed. This RAPD marker was converted into a SCAR marker to obtain a more stable marker. (Managing editor: Wei Wang)
The Effects of Property Tax Abatements on School District Property Tax Bases and Rates

The authors analyze the effects of property tax abatement on the property tax base and rates of school districts within a municipality offering the abatement using data from Franklin County, Ohio, one of the most populous counties in the United States. An increase in a school district’s Community Reinvestment Area abatement intensity correlates with (a) a decrease in the mill rate for real property, (b) a decrease in effective residential and nonresidential property tax rates, and (c) an increase in total market value of property. While these effects are small, they indicate that a municipality’s decision to abate has generated enough growth in property values, either through improvements to physical property or positive capitalization for existing property values, to offset the negative effects of an abatement. The reason for this may be that the restrictions and oversight used in this abatement program are greater than in most other places.
Why do The Auditor Blame for Financial Fraud?

The amount of litigation against auditors were negligent increased significantly in recent years. The first aim of this study was to describe the various phenomena of fraud involving the auditor. Second, describe the roles and responsibilities of auditors and legal requirements as a form of auditor liability in Indonesia. Third, presents a variety of risks and the complexity of the task of the auditor. Fourth, this study aims to describe the auditor's responsibility for negligence accomplishments. This study design using qualitative methods. The study was conducted with data derived from literature review, consist of journal and research report that published in internet. The results of this study indicate that auditor must be give pay attention of their roles and responsibilities for their job results. In addition, auditor should be follow the rule of audit regulation.
Long‐Term Soil Water Dynamics in the Shortgrass Steppe

To assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil water at a shortgrass steppe site in northcentral Colorado, we evaluated the precipitation regime for a 33-yr period and ran a simulation model for this period. Small precipitation events accounted for a large fraction of the total number of events and represented a source of water with small interannual variability. The difference between wet and dry years was related to the occurrence of a few large events. Average daily precipitation was concentrated during the warmest months of the year with a maximum in late spring. Water in the surface soil layers had a short residence time and no seasonal pattern. Intermediate layers reflected the seasonal pattern of precipitation. Maximum soil water availability occurred in the late spring, but this was also the period with the highest interannual variability. The wettest layer was at 4-15 cm of depth. The frequency of wet conditions decreased above this layer because of the strong influence of evaporation and below because recharge was infrequent. No deep percolation events were recorded. During dry years distribution of soil water was very shallow and during wet years wet conditions reached to depths of 120-135 cm. This shallow distribution of soil water matches the distribution of processes and struc- tural elements in the steppe suggesting that there is a cause-effect relationship between them. We speculate that the pattern of water availability interacts with biotic constraints and determines the rate of ecosystem processes. The depth distribution of water in dry and wet years is compared to the root distribution of grasses, shrubs, herbs, and succulents to suggest the response of each group to modal and extreme conditions. Comparison of long- term soil water patterns and traits of the major species allows us to suggest why Bouteloua graci/is is the dominant species in the shortgrass steppe.
Ancestry and amphidromy in island freshwater fish faunas

Amphidromy is a frequent attribute of fish faunas of remote islands, where the presence of freshwater fishes creates perplexity as to how such remote places came to have ‘freshwater fish’. Not infrequently, the fact that amphidromous species spend part of their lives in the sea is invoked as indicating that such species have marine ancestries, and this is the implied explanation for presence of freshwater fishes on islands. However, examination of the ranges of some amphidromous species, and of the distributions of genera to which amphidromous fishes belong, strongly suggests that amphidromy, especially in the gobies of the subfamily Sicydiinae, is a widespread, probably ancestral trait. Rather than such amphidromous fish having a marine ancestry, their marine life stages are themselves the likely key element in explaining their distributions.
Iron‐limited growth of cyanobacteria: Multiple siderophore production is a common response

During periods when levels of biologically available iron are low, cyanobacteria produce low-molecular-weight ferric-specific chelators (siderophores). We investigated the frequency of siderophore production in iron-deficient culture of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria and examined the effects of extracellular iron chelators on iron uptake in a coccoid marine species. The results confirm that iron chelate production is prevalent among freshwater and marine species and that some of these iron chelators function as siderophores. The frequent identification of catechol-type siderophores further indicates that these iron chelators may be as important in high-affinity iron transport as are the hydroxamic acid-type siderophores.
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung in der digitalen Arbeitswelt

Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über einen 36-jährigen Patienten, welcher nach einer beruflichen Konfrontation mit Darstellungen von Gewalt an Tieren, sexueller Gewalt sowie körperlicher Gewalt über digitale Medien in seiner Position als social media content moderator die klassischen Symptome einer PTBS entwickelte. Nach 10 monatiger Arbeitsunfähigkeit kam der Patient zur sozialmedizinischen Einschätzung zur Rehabilitation. Obwohl aufgrund der hohen Resilienz und Motivationslage des Patienten von einer Regeneration binnen der kommenden 6 Monate und einer Neuorientierung auf dem Allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt ausgegangen wurde, wurde seine Leistungsfähigkeit hinsichtlich seiner letzten sozialversicherungspflichtigen Tätigkeit vollständig aufgehoben eingeschätzt. Diese sekundäre, digitale Art der Traumatisierung ist in der aktuell gültigen Version des ICD-10 nicht aufgeführt, wird aber bereits in den A4 Kriterien des DSM-5 beschrieben. Hier wird eine Exposition über elektronische Instrumente, Television, Filme oder Fotografien ausgeschlossen, es sei denn die Exposition ist beruflich bedingt. Anhand dieses Beispiels werden Risiken für die mentale Gesundheit durch digitale Faktoren während der Arbeit, sowie deren sozialmedizinischen und versicherungstechnischen Folgen dargestellt.
Interrelation Between Increased BDNF Gene Methylation and High Sociotropy, a Personality Vulnerability Factor in Cognitive Model of Depression

Purpose It is suggested that increased methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, while sociotropy and autonomy are proposed as personality vulnerability factors in cognitive model of depression. We examined the interrelation between BDNF gene methylation and sociotropy or autonomy, with taking into account the previously reported deleterious effect of parental overprotection on sociotropy. Materials and Methods The participants consisted of 90 healthy Japanese volunteers. Methylation levels of the BDNF gene in peripheral blood were quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Sociotropy and autonomy were assessed by the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale, and perceived parental protection was evaluated by the Parental Bonding Instrument. Results In Pearson’s correlation analysis, there was a positive correlation between methylation levels of the BDNF gene and sociotropy scores (p<0.05) but not autonomy scores, and a positive correlation between maternal protection scores and sociotropy scores (p<0.05). In structural equation modeling, two models were proposed; the first one is that hypermethylation of the BDNF gene and maternal overprotection independently contribute to high sociotropy, and the second one is that maternal overprotection contributes to high sociotropy which then leads to hypermethylation of the BDNF gene. Conclusion The present study suggests an interrelation between increased BDNF gene methylation and high sociotropy.
Thysanoptera community of midfield shelterbelts of different age

The density and species composition of Thysanoptera were estimated in three shelterbelts with different age located in arable land (Turew area, West Poland). It was stated, that 100 years old shelterbelts supply favorable habitats for the community of these insects: the occurrence of species connected closely with the shelterbelt and the stable species composition were found there. In the young shelterbelt (two years after planting). Thysanoptera constituted a community dynamically changing. In several (7–8) years old shelterbelt the community of these insects showed the features characteristic for community noted in 100 years old shelterbelt.