Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is anyone around me using condoms? Site-specific condom-use norms and their potential impact on condomless sex across various gay venues and websites in The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVE To investigate site-specific condom-use norms as assumed by visitors of gay venues and websites across The Netherlands and their association with men's own use of condoms. METHODS In 2010, men who have sex with men (MSM) visiting 18 sex venues (e.g., saunas), 30 nonsex venues (e.g., bars), 6 dating websites, and 2 social network websites completed an on-site questionnaire measuring 2 site-specific norms concerning anal sex: descriptive (assumed condom use of others at venue or website) and injunctive (assumed approval of condom use by others at venue or website). We measured the association between assumed descriptive norms and own use of condoms using logistic regression. RESULTS Among 2,376 participants (median age = 30 years; IQR = 22-43), 62% (n = 1,483) assumed that other visitors would not use condoms. Among men self-reporting on their own use of condoms, 22% (318/1,421) reported condomless anal sex. Men at nonsex venues assumed other visitors would use condoms more often and approved of using them more often compared to men at sex venues. At all sites (venues/websites), men who assumed that others did not use condoms were more likely to have condomless sex themselves. CONCLUSIONS At gay sites across The Netherlands, more than half of MSM believed visitors of these sites would not use condoms during anal sex. The perception that others would not use condoms was associated with less own condom use. HIV prevention should address problematic on-site condom-use norms, as they play a role in influencing sexual behavior between men that meet at these sites.
Landscape of somatic allelic imbalances and copy number alterations in human lung carcinoma

Lung cancer is the worldwide leading cause of death from cancer and has been shown to be a heterogeneous disease at the genomic level. To delineate the genomic landscape of copy number alterations, amplifications, loss‐of‐heterozygosity (LOH), tumor ploidy and copy‐neutral allelic imbalance in lung cancer, microarray‐based genomic profiles from 2,141 tumors and cell lines including adenocarcinomas (AC, n = 1,206), squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC, n = 467), large cell carcinomas (n = 37) and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC, n = 88) were assembled from different repositories. Copy number alteration differences between lung cancer histologies were confirmed in 285 unrelated tumors analyzed by BAC array comparative genomic hybridization. Tumor ploidy patterns were validated by DNA flow cytometry analysis of 129 unrelated cases. Eighty‐nine recurrent copy number alterations (55 gains, 34 losses) were identified harboring genes with gene expression putatively driven by gene dosage through integration with gene expression data for 496 cases. Thirteen and 26 of identified regions discriminated AC/SqCC and AC/SqCC/SCLC, respectively, while 48 regions harbored recurrent (n > 15) high‐level amplifications comprising established and putative oncogenes, differing in frequency and coamplification patterns between histologies. Lung cancer histologies displayed differences in patterns/frequency of copy number alterations, genomic architecture, LOH, copy‐neutral allelic imbalance and tumor ploidy, with AC generally displaying less copy number alterations and allelic imbalance. Moreover, a strong association was demonstrated between different types of copy number alterations and allelic imbalances with tumor aneuploidy. In summary, these analyses provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape of genomic alterations in lung cancer, highlighting differences but also similarities between subgroups of the disease.
Immune Unresponsiveness to platelets. A case study.

Both 51Cr-survival studies with donor platelets and allogenic skin transplantations were performed in a patient with immune unresponsiveness to platelet antigens, i.e., HLA-and platelet-specific antigens. The patients, who suffered from hypoplastic anaemia, was successfully transfused with random donor platelets during 13 months. The serum of this patient contained only granulocyte-and mononuclear-cell-reactive antibodies, but no platelet-reactive antibodies. A nearly normal survival time of the donor platelets as well as a prolonged rejection time of a skin allograft of the same donor support the serological findings. The 51Cr-platelet survival time was not influenced by a leucocyte concentrate from the same donor, which was administered at the same time. Thus, in our patient, no increased platelet destruction could be induced via the so-called innocent bystander mechanism.
Hemodynamic Management of Septic Shock: Is It Time for “Individualized Goal-Directed Hemodynamic Therapy” and for Specifically Targeting the Microcirculation?

ABSTRACT Septic shock is a life-threatening condition in both critically ill medical patients and surgical patients during the perioperative phase. In septic shock, specific alterations in global cardiovascular dynamics (i.e., the macrocirculation) and in the microcirculatory blood flow (i.e., the microcirculation) have been described. However, the presence and degree of microcirculatory failure are in part independent from systemic macrohemodynamic variables. Macrocirculatory and microcirculatory failure can independently induce organ dysfunction. We review current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the assessment and optimization of both the macrocirculation and the microcirculation in septic shock. There are various technologies for the determination of macrocirculatory hemodynamic variables. We discuss the data on early goal-directed therapy for the resuscitation of the macrocirculation. In addition, we describe the concept of “individualized goal-directed hemodynamic therapy. ” Technologies to assess the local microcirculation are also available. However, adequate resuscitation goals for the optimization of the microcirculation still need to be defined. At present, we are not ready to specifically monitor and target the microcirculation in clinical routine outside studies. In the future, concepts for an integrative approach for individualized hemodynamic management of the macrocirculation and in parallel the microcirculation might constitute a huge opportunity to define additional resuscitation end points in septic shock.
Efficient evolution algorithms for embedded interfaces: from inverse parameter estimation to a level set method for ductile fracture

This thesis presents efficient and easy to implement algorithms for the simulation of embedded interface evolutions in applications of physically based modeling. It is organized in two parts. In the first part, we provide the mathematical and numerical background necessary for the development of our methods. We outline a state-of-the-art cut-cell algorithm that allows us to efficiently and conveniently embed level set surfaces into a regular mesh, eliminating the need for boundary aligned elements. An implicit discretization of dynamic non-linear elasticity is derived, which combines the finite element method with the aforementioned embedded mesh approach. The second part is concerned with the development of specialized algorithms to specific problems involving embedded surfaces. First, we introduce a general and efficient method to recover piecewise constant coefficients occurring in elliptic partial differential equations as well as the interface where these coefficients have jump discontinuities. For this inverse problem, we use an output least squares approach with level set and augmented Lagrangian methods. Our formulation incorporates the inherent nature of the piecewise constant coefficients, which eliminates the need for a complicated non-linear solve at every iteration. Instead, we obtain an explicit update formula and therefore vastly speed up computation. We employ our approach to the example problems of Poisson’s equation and linear elasticity, and simultaneously recover both coefficients and interface for these problems. In another application of the background developed in the first part, we utilize the shape derivative of the classical Griffith’s energy of fracture mechanics in a level set evolution for the simulation of dynamic ductile fracture. The level set is defined in the undeformed configuration of the object, and its evolution is designed to represent a transition from undamaged to failed material. No re-meshing is needed since the resulting topological changes are handled naturally by the level set method. We provide a new mechanism for the generation of fragments of material during the progression of the level set in the Griffith’s energy minimization. Collisions between different material pieces are resolved with impulses derived from the material point method over a background Eulerian grid. This provides a stable means for colliding with embedded interfaces. We demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm by presenting compelling results of many realistic-looking fracture simulations, which may be used in computer graphics and movies.
Chronic isolated macrothrombocytopenia with autosomal dominant transmission: a morphological and qualitative platelet disorder

Abstract: We studied 47 subjects belonging to 13 unrelated families with a history of mild haemorrhagic diathesis and chronic thrombocytopenia. 36 patients presented some degree of thrombocytopenia: 7/36 (19%) had slight thrombocytopenia (100–150×109/L); 26/36 (72%) had mild thrombocytopenia (50–100×109/L) and 3/36 (8%) had severe thrombocytopenia (<50×109/L). No correlation was observed between platelet count and the degree of haemorrhagic diathesis, which was mild in the majority of patients. Transmission was autosomal dominant. Platelet anisocytosis, increased percentage of large platelets and absence of leukocyte inclusions were observed in 26/30 (87%) of the examined blood smears. The ultrastructural appearance of platelets was normal. Megakaryocytes appeared normal in number in 10/10 patients, but showed asynchronous nuclear‐cytoplasm maturation and mainly nonlobulated nuclei. Platelet aggregation was studied in 26 patients and either increased or decreased curves were variably observed in response to different aggregating agents. Platelet‐associated IgG (PAIgG) was increased in 18/31 (58%) patients, while serum autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins Ib/IX or IIb/IIIa were demonstrable in only 1 case. An increased expression of platelet surface glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa, as studied by murine monoclonal antibodies binding in 17 cases, was observed. Platelet survival performed by 111In‐oxine‐labelled autologous platelets was normal in the 3 studied patients. Congenital macrothrombocytopenia confirms to be a distinct clinical disorder for which the name of “chronic isolated hereditary macrothrombocytopenia” is proposed.
Error detection in confusion network

In this article, error detection for broadcast news transcription system is addressed in a post-processing stage. We investigate a logistic regression model based on features extracted from confusion networks. This model aims to estimate a conﬁdence score for each confusion set and detect errors. Different kind of knowledge sources are explored such as the confusion set solely, statistical language model, and lexical properties. Impact of the different features are assessed and show the importance of those extracted from the confusion network solely. To enrich our modeling with information about the neighborhood, features of adjacent confusion sets are also added to the vector of features. Finally, a distinct processing of confusion sets is also explored depending on the value of their best posterior probability. To be compared with the standard ASR output, our best system yields to a signiﬁcant improvement of the classiﬁ-cation error rate from 17.2% to 12.3%.
Lassa immune serum.

Lassa fever immune serum has been given to patients with acute Lassa fever on seven known occasions between 1970 and 1976. Three of the patients died but on four occasions a successful outcome resulted. The antigenic properties of Lassa virus are briefly discussed in relation to the preparation and storage of Lassa immune serum. In the selection of donors and recipients, it is important to prevent accidental transfer of the virus and to ensure that the patient does not have some other condition. Some of the possible causes for the fatalities following administration of the serum are postulated. It is concluded that Lassa immune serum cannot, without further experience, be given with any assurance of efficacy and safety. It is recommended that limited stockpiling of serum be undertaken and serologically proven potential donors be identified.
The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence

This article provides an overview of the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence and the assumptions on which the model is based. The 12 domains comprising the organizing framework are briefly described along with the primary and secondary characteristics of culture, which determine variations in values, beliefs, and practices of an individual’s cultural heritage. All health care providers in any practice setting can use the model, which makes it especially desirable in today’s team-oriented health care environment. The model has been used by nurses, physicians, and physical and occupational therapists in practice, education, administration, and research in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Central America, Great Britain, Korea, South America, and Sweden. The model has also been translated into Flemish, French, Korean, and Spanish. Although the model is only 4 years old, it shows promise for becoming a major contribution to transcultural nursing and health care.
Anton Raederscheidt’s Distorted Self-Portraits and Their Significance for Understanding Balance in Art

Following a right cerebral stroke, the German artist Anton Raederscheidt produced a remarkable series of self-portraits that depicted his severe visual neglect and gradual recovery. These distorted images, like those drawn by others with this disorder, inform us about lateral balance in art and why it is common in the art of cultures separated in time and space. After describing how artists in various cultures have employed lateral balance, I present Arnheim’s view that this aspect of art is the result of visual forces generated by the brain. Following a brief history of visual neglect, I present evidence that this disorder provides us with clues to the origin of the visual forces responsible for lateral balance in art. The relevant brain mechanisms control exploration of visual space by integrating orienting movements with visual spatial information. The prevalence of lateral balance in art becomes understandable when we consider that these brain mechanisms evolved to promote survival in our vertebrate ancestors. I end with a speculative neurological account of the aesthetics of lateral balance – why it is pleasing and its absence is displeasing.
Notch Signaling Augments T Cell Responsiveness by Enhancing CD25 Expression 1

Notch receptors signal through a highly conserved pathway to influence cell fate decisions. Notch1 is required for T lineage commitment; however, a role for Notch signaling has not been clearly defined for the peripheral T cell response. Notch gene expression is induced, and Notch1 is activated in primary CD4+ T cells following specific peptide-Ag stimulation. Notch activity contributes to the peripheral T cell response, as inhibition of endogenous Notch activation decreases the proliferation of activated T cells in a manner associated with the diminished production of IL-2 and the expression of the high affinity IL-2R (CD25). Conversely, forced expression of a constitutively active Notch1 in primary T cells results in increased surface expression of CD25, and renders these cells more sensitive to both cognate Ag and IL-2, as measured by cell division. These data suggest an important role for Notch signaling during CD4+ T cell responses, which operates through augmenting a positive feedback loop involving IL-2 and its high affinity receptor.
Effect of motion smoothness on brain activity while observing a dance: An fMRI study using a humanoid robot

Abstract Motion smoothness is critical in transmitting implicit information of body action, such as aesthetic qualities in dance performances. We expected that the perception of motion smoothness would be characterized by great intersubject variability deriving from differences in personal backgrounds and attitudes toward expressive body actions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a humanoid robot to investigate the effects of the motion smoothness of expressive body actions and the intersubject variability due to personal attitudes on perceptions during dance observation. The effect of motion smoothness was analyzed by both conventional subtraction analysis and functional connectivity analyses that detect cortical networks reflecting intersubject variability. The results showed that the cortical networks of motion- and body-sensitive visual areas showed increases in activity in areas corresponding with motion smoothness, but the intersubject variability of personal attitudes toward art did not influence these active areas. In contrast, activation of cortical networks, including the parieto-frontal network, has large intersubject variability, and this variability is associated with personal attitudes about the consciousness of art. Thus, our results suggest that activity in the cortical network involved in understanding action is influenced by personal attitudes about the consciousness of art during observations of expressive body actions.
Helicobacter pylori , a potential causative agent of vitamin B 12 deficiency

Chapter IIntroduction Introduction. 3 Epidemiology and Transmition. 5 H.pylori virulence.8 Gastro duodenal pathology and immunity.14 Vitamin B12 deficiency and Pernicious Anemia.17 Pernicious Anemia.21 Helicobacter pylori and vitamin B12 deficiency.31 Chapter 2 Hypothesis and specific aims.34 Chapter 3 Material and Methods.35 Chapter 4 Result . 41 Chapter 5 Discussion.48 References.55
Evaluation of Medical Education virtual Program: P3 model

Introduction: In e-learning, people get involved in a process and create the content (product) and make it available for virtual learners. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the first virtual master program in medical education at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences according to P3 Model. Methods: This is an evaluation research study with post single group design used to determine how effective this program was. All students 60 who participated more than one year in this virtual program and 21 experts including teachers and directors participated in this evaluation project. Based on the P3 e-learning model, an evaluation tool with 5-point Likert rating scale was designed and applied to collect the descriptive data. Results: Students reported storyboard and course design as the most desirable element of learning environment (2.30±0.76), but they declared technical support as the less desirable part (1.17±1.23). Conclusion: Presence of such framework in this regard and using it within the format of appropriate tools for evaluation of e-learning in universities and higher education institutes, which present e-learning curricula in the country, may contribute to implementation of the present and future e-learning curricula efficiently and guarantee its implementation in an appropriate way.
A low profile retrodirective frequency selective surface for radar earth observation

This paper presents the design of a low profile retrodirective surface composed of a frequency selective surface (FSS). The principle of operation of re-radiation and scattering from the array surface is outlined. A full-wave analysis of individual FSS unit cells and the assembled reflect array is performed to better understand and design the reflector. A commensurate array of unit cells with progressive phase shift is realised using non-identical dimension dual resonant circular loop FSSs. A prototype reflect array was manufactured and the monostatic backscattered field measured in horizontal and vertical polarisation. Comparative measurements on similar sized flat plate and dihedral reflector surfaces were made that demonstrate the reflect array performance.
PERAMPANEL – kam s ním?

Fycompa® (perampanel – PER) je nove antiepileptikum se specifickým mechanizmem ucinku, kterým se lisi od jiných leků. Je dobře tolerovan a ma přiznivý bezpecnostni profil s minimem nežadoucich ucinků, ktere jsou i při vyssim davkovani mirne až středni intenzity. Interaktivni potencial PER je nizký, což umožňuje dobrou kombinaci s jinými antiepileptiky. Velkou výhodou jsou farmakokineticke vlastnosti, ktere umožňuji podavani perampanelu jednou denně. Je ucinným přidatným lekem pro lecbu fokalni epilepsie i primarně generalizovaných zachvatů u pacientů s idiopatickou generalizovanou epilepsii. Řada otevřených pokracujicich studii prokazala velmi dobrý efekt perampanelu i na generalizovane zachvaty (primarně i sekundarně). Jeho farmakologicke vlastnosti, dobra snasenlivost a vysoka ucinnost na fokalni i generalizovane epilepsie jej cini slibným lekem pro dosaženi kompenzace onemocněni a sniženi rizik spojených se zachvaty.
Choice and context: testing a simple short-term choice rule

Psychological studies of animal choice show that the immediate consequences of choice strongly influence preference. In contrast, evolutionary models emphasize the longer-term fitness consequences of choice. Building on recent work by Stephens & Anderson (2001, Behavioral Ecology 12, 330–339), this study presents two experiments that address this conflict. Stephens & Anderson developed an alternative choice situation based on patch-leaving decisions and compared this to the binary choice, or self-control, situation typically used in psychological studies. They hypothesized that the same short-term choice rule could account for choice in both situations, maximizing long-term gains in the patch situation, but typically producing shortsighted results in the self-control case. Experiment 1 used captive blue jays, Cyanocitta cristata, to test this ‘same rule’ hypothesis. The results do not support this hypothesis, suggesting that if a single rule applies, it is probably a more complex rule. Stephens & Anderson also hypothesized that a rule based on the delay to the next meal could explain why the intertrial interval has little effect in binary choice studies, even though the analogous travel time strongly affects patch-leaving decisions. When an animal leaves a patch, it experiences a delay consisting of the travel time plus time spent searching in the patch until food is obtained. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that travel time and search time combine additively, behaving like a single delay. Using treatments that created the same combined delay via different combinations of travel and search time, we found no evidence of nonadditivity, suggesting that these two components may indeed be treated as a single delay.  2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.