Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fonctions des extrémités flexibles de l’ADN du nucléosome CENP-A dans l'organisation de la chromatine centromérique

CENP-A est le variant d’histone qui remplace specifiquement l’histone H3 au niveau des centromeres et confere ses proprietes uniques a la chromatine centromerique. La cristallographie aux rayon X, ainsi que la digestion a la MNase des nucleosomes contenant CENP-A suggerent une flexibilite de l’ADN entrant et sortant de ce nucleosome. Neanmoins ces deductions restent aujourd’hui au stade hypothetique, en particulier, rien n’est connu sur le role eventuelle de cette particularite dans la fonction du nucleosome CENP-A. L’utilisation de la cryo-electromicroscopie nous a permis de determiner les caracteristiques de la dynamique de l’ADN sortant du nucleosome CENP-A. Nos analyses biochimiques, de proteomiques et de pseudo-genetiques revelent que la flexibilite elevee de l’ADN du nucleosome CENP-A ne permet pas l’interaction avec l’histone de liaison H1. In vitro, remplacer les 2 tours de l’helice aN de CENP-A avec les 3 tours de l’helice aN de H3 permet de restaurer l’interaction de l’histone H1. In vivo, le replacement des nucleosomes CENP-A par des nucleosomes contenant ce meme nucleosome hybride aN-CENP-A permet egalement le recrutement de H1, mais cela conduit egalement a la delocalisation d’un certain nombre de proteines du kinetochore. Ce kinetochore ne permet pas une segregation correcte des chromosomes et il conduit a des phases de mitose et de cytokinese defectueuses. L’ensemble de ces donnees montre que la conservation au cours de l’evolution de la flexibilite de l’ADN dans le nucleosome CENP-A est essentielle pour l’accomplissement de la division cellulaire.
Protein disulphide isomerase mediates platelet aggregation and secretion

Platelet surface thiols and disulphides play an important role in platelet responses. Agents that reduce disulphide bonds expose the fibrinogen receptor in platelets and activate the purified glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa receptor. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), an enzyme that rearranges disulphides bonds, is found on the platelet surface where it is catalytically active. We investigated the role of PDI in platelet responses using (1) rabbit anti‐PDI IgG specific for PDI, (2) a competing substrate (scrambled ribonuclease A), and (3) the PDI inhibitor, bacitracin. Fab fragments of the rabbit anti‐PDI IgG inhibited platelet responses to the agonists tested (ADP and collagen), whereas Fab fragments prepared identically from normal rabbit IgG had no inhibitory effect. Scrambled ribonuclease A blocked platelet aggregation and secretion, but native ribonuclease A did not. When biphasic platelet aggregation was examined using platelets in citrated plasma, the principle effect of bacitracin was on second phase or irreversible aggregation responses and the accompanying secretion. Using flow cytometry and an antibody specific for activated GPIIbIIIa (PAC‐1), the rabbit anti‐PDI Fab fragments substantially inhibited activation of GPIIbIIIa when added before, but not after, platelet activation. In summary, we have demonstrated that protein disulphide isomerase mediates platelet aggregation and secretion, and that it activates GPIIbIIIa, suggesting this receptor as the target of the enzyme.
Setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of strontium-enriched gelatin-calcium phosphate bone cements.

Strontium is known to reduce bone resorption and stimulate bone formation. We have investigated the effect of strontium on the setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of a biomimetic gelatin-calcium phosphate bone cement. Gelatin-alpha-TCP powders, with a gelatin content of 15 wt %, were prepared by grinding and sieving the solid compounds obtained by casting gelatin aqueous solutions containing alpha-TCP. 5 wt % of CaHPO(4). 2H(2)O were added to the cement powders before mixing with the liquid phase, with a L/P ratio of 0.3 mL/g. Strontium was added as SrCl(2). 6H(2)O in different amounts up to 5 atom %. X-ray diffraction analysis, mechanical tests, and SEM investigations were carried out on the cements after different times of soaking in physiological solution. The presence of strontium affects both the initial and the final setting times of the cements, which increase with the ion content. The microstructural modifications observed in the SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces are in agreement with the increase of the total porosity, and with the slight reduction of the compressive strength of the aged cements, on increasing strontium content. The rate of transformation of alpha-TCP into calcium deficient hydroxyapatite increases on increasing strontium content. SEM reveals that MG63 osteoblasts grown on the cements show a normal morphology and biological tests demonstrate very good rate of proliferation and viability in every experimental time. In particular, strontium stimulates Alkaline Phosphatase activity, Collagen type I, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin expression.
Understanding the Link between IT Service and IS Quality

IT service quality has been proved important to IS success, but former researchers used to consider IT service quality and Information System quality as two independent factors, the relationship between the two factors were never studied . The goal of our study is to understand the link between them, and help organizations manage their system better. SEM and SERVPERF instrument were used in our study.
Studies on the Interaction of Warfarin and Clofibrate in Man

Summary To evaluate the basis for the hemorrhagic diathesis associated with oral anticoagulant therapy plus the hypolipidemic agent clofibrate, this interaction was studied in 8 normal subjects. Administration of clofibrate 2.0 g/day alone for 14 days had no effect on the platelet count, bleeding time, platelet aggregation, plasma adenosine diphosphatase, platelet release of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, platelet-collagen adhesion, one-stage prothrombin time, or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX and X) but significantly reduced platelet adhesiveness and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. After addition of large single doses of sodium warfarin, 1.5 mg/kg body weight, to the clofibrate regimen, all values remained within the normal range, including platelet adhesiveness, except epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. The one-stage prothrombin activity and clotting factors II and X were significantly lower with warfarin plus clofibrate than with warfarin alone, but the plasma level of warfarin was unchanged. Co-administration of sodium warfarin and clofibrate for 21 days augmented the hypoprothrombinemia observed in long-term therapy with warfarin alone but caused no significant change in the plasma warfarin level. It is concluded that the hemorrhagic complications of therapy with warfarin plus clofibrate result primarily from the more rapid decline in the activities of clotting factors II and X and perhaps also from the reduced platelet aggregation.
Small congruences and concreteness

Let K be a concrete category and ∼ a congruence on K. Let ∼ be generated by a class M=M 1 ∪M 2 of pairs of K-morphisms such that {dom f; (∃g)((f,g)∈M 1 )} and {rngf; (∃g)((f,g)∈M 2 )} are small sets. Then K/∼ is concrete. consequently, if ∼is generated by a small set of pairs of morphisms, then K/∼ is concrete
PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON POLLINATOR-DRIVEN SPECIATION Do pollinator distributions underlie the evolution of pollination ecotypes in the Cape shrub Erica plukenetii?

† Background and Aims According to the Grant –Stebbins model of pollinator-driven divergence, plants that disperse beyond the range of their specialized pollinator may adapt to a new pollination system. Although this model provides a compelling explanation for pollination ecotype formation, few studies have directly tested its validity in nature. Here we investigate the distribution and pollination biology of several subspecies of the shrub Erica plukenetii from the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa. We analyse these data in a phylogenetic context and combine these results with information on pollinator ranges to test whether the evolution of pollination ecotypes is consistent with the Grant –Stebbins model. † Methods and Key Results Pollinator observations showed that the most common form of E. plukenetii with intermediate corolla length is pollinated by short-billed Orange-breasted sunbirds. Populations at the northern fringe of the distribution are characterized by long corollas, and are mainly pollinated by long-billed Malachite sunbirds. A population with short corollas in the centre of the range was mainly pollinated by insects, particularly short-tongued noctuid moths. Bird exclusion in this population did not have an effect on fruit set, while insect exclusion reduced fruit set. An analysis of floral scent across the range, using coupled gas chromatography –mass spectrometry, showed that the scent bouquets of flowers from moth-pollinated populations are characterized by a larger number of scent compounds and higher emission rates than those in bird-pollinated populations. This was also reflected in clear separation of moth- and bird-pollinated populations in a two-dimensional phenotype space based on nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of scent data. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences strongly supported monophyly of E. plukenetii, but not of all the subspecies. Reconstruction of ancestral character states suggests two shifts from traits associated with short-billed Orange-breasted sunbird pollination: one towards traits associated with moth pollination, and one towards traits associated with pollination by long-billed Malachite sunbirds. The latter shift coincided with the colonization of Namaqualand in which Orange-breasted sunbirds are absent. † Conclusions Erica plukenetii is characterized by three pollination ecotypes, but only the evolutionary transition from short- to long-billed sunbird pollination can be clearly explained by the Grant –Stebbins model. Corolla length is a key character for both ecotype transitions, while floral scent emission was important for the transition from bird to moth pollination.
Lapses of Intention and Performance Variability Reveal Age-Related Increases in Fluctuations of Executive Control

We examine the hypothesis that the efficiency of executive control processes is less stable over time in older than younger adults. An age-related decrease in the efficiency of executive control should result in an increase in performance variability in task conditions requiring the recruitment of executive control processes and not in task conditions requiring minimal involvement of executive control. Performance variability was similar for younger and older adults in task conditions requiring minimal executive control and greater for older than younger adults in task conditions requiring executive control. These and other data are consistent with the proposal that aging is associated with a decrease in the stability of executive control over time.
A Framework for Automated Evaluation of Hypertext Search Interfaces

An evaluation framework and simulator of an interactive information retrieval system (SIIIRS) is introduced. SIIIRS is designed to allow researchers to conduct many exploratory studies that can help to narrow the focus of future human subject studies by showing which differences in information exploration style and functionality are likely to produce significant differences in future human subject studies. An experiment was carried out to demonstrate how SIIIRS could be used to predict performance when using different search strategies in a dynamic hypertext environment. The analysis of both the performance and behavioural measures obtained in the experiment showed significant differences in how the different agents (search strategies) performed when using different combinations of query difficulty, newness, and query tail size (as defined in the research reported in this paper). Overall, the agents differed in terms of their behaviours compared to one another and in terms of their interaction with the simulator parameter of newness and the dynamic hypertext control parameter of query tail size. The analysis of the behavioural measures showed the same pattern as found in the performance measures, with query tail size (an indicator of how easy it is to modify the topic during the search) having a strong influence on performance. The results of this study are discussed in terms of their implications for future automated evaluation of hypertext search interfaces.
Impact of Hydrodynamics on Oral Biofilm Strength

Mechanical removal of oral biofilms is ubiquitously accepted as the best way to prevent caries and periodontal diseases. Removal effectiveness strongly depends on biofilm strength. To investigate the influence of hydrodynamics on oral biofilm strength, we grew single- and multi-species biofilms of Streptococcus oralis J22, Actinomyces naeslundii TV14-J1, and full dental plaque at shear rates ranging from 0.1 to 50 1/sec and measured their compressive strength. Subsequently, biofilm architecture was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Multi-species biofilms were stronger than single-species biofilms, with strength values ranging from 6 to 51 Pa and from 5 to 17 Pa, respectively. In response to increased hydrodynamic shear, biofilm strength decreased, and architecture changed from uniform carpet-like to more “fluffy” with higher thickness. S. oralis biofilms grown under variable shear of 7 and 50 1/sec possessed properties intermediate of those measured at the respective single shears.
Making a Difference in Science Education

To increase the numbers of underrepresented racial minority students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), federal and private agencies have allocated significant funding to undergraduate research programs, which have been shown to increase students’ intentions of enrolling in graduate or professional school. Analyzing a longitudinal sample of 4,152 aspiring STEM majors who completed the 2004 Freshman Survey and 2008 College Senior Survey, this study utilizes multinomial hierarchical generalized linear modeling and propensity score matching techniques to examine how participation in undergraduate research affects STEM students’ intentions to enroll in STEM and non-STEM graduate and professional programs. Findings indicate that participation in an undergraduate research program significantly improved students’ probability of indicating plans to enroll in a STEM graduate program.
An Overview of Binaural Advantages for Children and Adults Who Use Binaural/Bimodal Hearing Devices

Aim: The aim of this paper was to summarize the binaural advantages for sentence perception in noise and sound localization obtained by children and adults who wore a cochlear implant (CI) and a hearing aid in opposite ears (bimodal hearing devices). Patients and Methods: We evaluated the speech perception and sound localization ability of 29 children and 21 adults who received a Nucleus CI system in one ear and wore a hearing aid in the other ear. All subjects used hearing aids that were adjusted systematically to complement their CIs. Performance with a CI and a hearing aid was compared with that with a CI alone. Results: On average, both children and adults derived binaural advantages relating to binaural redundancy and head shadow for sentence perception in noise. Neither the degree of hearing loss nor the duration of use of bimodal hearing devices was significantly related to the amount of binaural speech benefits. Both groups also located sounds better with CI and a hearing aid than with CI alone. Conclusions: The evidence supports the implementation of binaural/bimodal fittings as the standard management of children and adults who receive a unilateral CI and who have residual hearing in the nonimplanted ear.
Breast feeding and allergic diseases in infants—a prospective birth cohort study

Aims: To investigate the effect of breast feeding on allergic disease in infants up to 2 years of age. Methods: A birth cohort of 4089 infants was followed prospectively in Stockholm, Sweden. Information about various exposures was obtained by parental questionnaires when the infants were 2 months old, and about allergic symptoms and feeding at 1 and 2 years of age. Duration of exclusive and partial breast feeding was assessed separately. Symptom related definitions of various allergic diseases were used. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in a multiple logistic regression model. Adjustments were made for potential confounders. Results: Children exclusively breast fed during four months or more exhibited less asthma (7.7% v 12%, ORadj = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8), less atopic dermatitis (24% v 27%, ORadj = 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.0), and less suspected allergic rhinitis (6.5% v 9%, ORadj = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0) by 2 years of age. There was a significant risk reduction for asthma related to partial breast feeding during six months or more (ORadj = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.9). Three or more of five possible allergic disorders—asthma, suspected allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy related symptoms, and suspected allergic respiratory symptoms after exposure to pets or pollen—were found in 6.5% of the children. Exclusive breast feeding prevented children from having multiple allergic disease (ORadj = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.9) during the first two years of life. Conclusion: Exclusive breast feeding seems to have a preventive effect on the early development of allergic disease—that is, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and suspected allergic rhinitis, up to 2 years of age. This protective effect was also evident for multiple allergic disease.
Combined T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI for localization of prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to compare T2-weighted MRI alone and T2 combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the localization of prostate cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS T2-weighted imaging and DWI (b value = 600 s/mm2) were performed in 49 patients before radical prostatectomy using an endorectal coil at 1.5 T in this prospective trial. The peripheral zone of the prostate was divided into sextants and the transition zone into left and right halves. T2 images alone and then T2 images combined with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps (T2 + DWI) were scored for the likelihood of tumor and were compared with whole-mount histology results. Fixed window and level settings were used to display the ADC maps. Only tumors with an area of more than 0.13 cm2 (> 4 mm diameter) and a Gleason score of > or = 6 were considered significant. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (A(z)) was used to assess accuracy. RESULTS In the peripheral zone, the A(z) value was significantly higher (p = 0.004) for T2 plus DWI (A(z) = 0.89) than for T2 imaging alone (A(z) = 0.81). Performance was poorer in the transition zone for both T2 plus DWI (A(z) = 0.78) and T2 (A(z) = 0.79). For the whole prostate, sensitivity was significantly higher (p < 0.001) with T2 plus DWI (81% [120/149]) than with T2 imaging alone (54% [81/149]), with T2 plus DWI showing only a slight loss in specificity compared with T2 imaging alone (84% [204/243] vs 91% [222/243], respectively). CONCLUSION Combined T2 and DWI MRI is better than T2 imaging alone in the detection of significant cancer (Gleason score > or = 6 and diameter > 4 mm) within the peripheral zone of the prostate.
Advantages and limitations of the new anticoagulants

During recent years, three new anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) have been introduced to the market, probably with one more anticoagulant (edoxaban) in the next 2 years. This review is not intended to compare the efficacy and risks of these new agents, but rather to detail the advantages and limitations. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of these drugs have few drug and food interactions, predictable dose responses, and rapid onset and offset, thus resulting in simplified management of the patient requiring anticoagulant therapy. No routine laboratory monitoring is required. A somewhat unexpected, but exciting observation involving the new anticoagulants, is the uniform reduction in intracranial bleeding by one‐half compared with warfarin. The potential limitations of the new anticoagulants include uncertainty regarding assessment of drug levels, safe drug levels for major surgery, management of major bleeding, renal dependence, multiple dose regimens, adherence in the absence of frequent monitoring and unknown, rare side effects that were not captured in the trials. This review should clarify some of these concerns.
Extraction du vocabulaire spécifique à partir d'un corpus web sélectionné pour un nuage de mots

Le nuage de mots n'est qu'une disposition graphique particuliere de l'information. En general relativement faible d'interet, qu'en est-il si nous lui demandions d'afficher le vocabulaire specifique d'un corpus ? Mais, pour commencer, qu'est-ce que ce vocabulaire ? Nous tenterons de repondre a ces questions, mais aussi d'expliciter les solutions que nous avons mises en place pour l'extraire et n'en conserver que l'essence, notamment grâce aux calcul des n-grammes, draguant les formes composees et les expressions figees ainsi que les entites nommees. A travers les differents algorithmes developpes, nous exposerons les difficultes auxquelles nous avons ete confronte ainsi que les critiques et la validite des resultats obtenus. Nous proposerons ainsi pas a pas notre demarche en justifiant nos choix et les parti-pris effectues, l'interet d'utiliser des n-grammes, l'utilite des grammaires et les systemes de ponderation.
Critical Humanisms: Humanist/Anti-Humanist Dialogues

Acknowledgements Introduction Towards a Critical Humanism Chapter 1: Romantic Humanism (Shakespeare - Marx - Cixous) Chapter 2: Existential Humanism (Sartre - Arendt - Fanon) Chapter 3: Dialogic Humanism (Freud - Irigaray - Levinas) Chapter 4: Civic Humanism (Wollstonecraft - Habermas - Hall) Chapter 5: Spiritual Humanism (Benjamin - King - Kristeva) Chapter 6: Pagan Humanism (Bakhtin - Nietzsche - Bataille) Chapter 7: Pragmatic Humanism (James - Dewey - Rorty) Chapter 8: Technological Humanism (Foucault - Baudrillard - Haraway) Conclusion: Inhuman, Posthuman, Transhuman, Human Endnotes General Bibliography Index.
A Comparison of Nitroglycerin and Nitroprusside for Inducing Hypotension in Children: A Double‐blind Study

Intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were compared as hypotensive agents in anesthetized children and adolescents. The drugs were studied in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion in 14 patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide: oxygen, morphine, and thiopental, NTG in doses as high as 40 μg · kg−1 · min−1 was ineffective at decreasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 55 mmHg or causing a decrease in MAP greater than one-third of baseline values. SNP was uniformly successful at inducing hypotension in all patients, including those patients in whom NTG failed. The dose of SNP required to induce hypotension was 6–8 μg · kg−1 · min−1. Both NTG and SNP decreased systemic vascular resistance, although SNP did so to a much greater degree than NTG (64% vs. 29%; P < 0.01). Only SNP increased cardiac index significantly (2.27 ± 0.35 to 4.44 ± 1.36; P < 0.003). Both drugs reflexly increased heart rate, necessitating the use of intravenous propranolol (range from 1 to 3 mg) in all patients. Both drugs produced small decreases in arterial oxygen tension and increases in the average alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (SNP, 44 ± 13 vs. NTG, 41 ± 6). SNP use was associated with a slight metabolic acidosis (pH = 7.38 ± 0.01; base excess [BE] = −6 ± 1). Neither drug produced any other untoward reaction. SNP appears to be the agent of choice for the reliable and sustained induction of deliberate hypotension in children and adolescents.