Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bucket-Handle Tear of the Medial Meniscus in a 2-Year-Old Child.

Bucket-handle meniscal tears are extremely rare injuries in the pediatric population. Given the known sequelae of meniscal tears and the development of osteoarthritis, early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric meniscal tears are essential. The communication barrier between physicians and pediatric patients, however, creates difficulties in making the correct diagnosis of meniscal pathology. Providers should have a low threshold for obtaining further confirmatory advanced imaging if patients present with prolonged knee pain and swelling, with associated locking mechanical symptoms. Good clinical outcomes following meniscal repair have been observed, likely a result of the increased residual vascularity found within pediatric menisci. The youngest reported case of an isolated traumatic bucket-handle medial meniscal tear is examined in this article. A 2-year-old girl presented with right knee pain after a heavy object fell onto the knee several weeks earlier. On examination, the patient walked with a limp but lacked full range of active knee motion. The McMurray test elicited pain without a mechanical or palpable click. After the patient continued to exhibit limitations following conservative management, magnetic resonance imaging of the right knee was obtained, which showed a bucket-handle tear of the right medial meniscus. The patient subsequently underwent meniscal repair and, on recovery, was able to regain normal functioning of the right knee without limitations. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(4):e580-e582. ].
PERFORMANCE ON THE TEST OF MEMORY MALINGERING IN A MIXED PEDIATRIC SAMPLE

Performance on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) was evaluated in a sample of 100 consecutively referred 6 to 16–year-old children with a wide range of clinical diagnoses. In the complete sample, 97 children met actuarially defined criteria for sufficient effort on the TOMM. Two children were correctly identified as providing suboptimal effort and only one case was a possible false positive. Performance on the second trial of the TOMM did not vary with gender, ethnicity, parental occupation, performance on an independent memory test, or length of coma. Although younger children tended to be somewhat less efficient on the TOMM than older children, more than 90% of children in the 6-8 years range met criteria originally developed for adults for sufficient effort on the TOMM. It is concluded that the TOMM is a potentially useful measure of effort in the clinical neuropsychological evaluation of school-age children.
Diagnostic laparoscopy prior to planned hepatic resection for colorectal metastases.

HYPOTHESES (1) A clinical risk score (CRS) is useful in selecting patients for diagnostic laparoscopy prior to planned resection of colorectal metastasis. (2) Preventing unnecessary celiotomy in these patients undergoing laparoscopy is associated with shorter hospital stays and earlier administration of systemic chemotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of data collected in a prospective database. SETTING Tertiary cancer hospital. PATIENTS Two hundred seventy-six patients who underwent laparoscopy prior to planned partial hepatic resection (n = 264) for colorectal metastases or prior to hepatic artery infusion pump placement for colorectal metastases (n = 12). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The yield of laparoscopy for patients with potentially resectable tumors was analyzed in the context of a CRS, calculated by assigning 1 point for each of the following adverse, disease-related factors: lymph node-positive primary tumor, disease-free interval less than 12 months, more than 1 hepatic tumor, hepatic tumor greater than 5 cm, and cardio embryonic antigen level less than 200 ng/mL. The CRS represents the sum for each patient. Length of hospital stay and time to initiation of chemotherapy were compared in those patients determined to be unresectable. RESULTS Staging laparoscopy prevented nontherapeutic celiotomy in 10% of patients submitted to operation for a potentially curative partial hepatectomy (26 of 264) and in 33% of patients scheduled for pump placement only (4/12). The CRS correlated closely with the likelihood of identifying radiographically occult unresectable disease: 0 or 1, 4%; 2 or 3, 21%; and 4 or 5, 38%. Likewise, the percentage of patients avoiding an unnecessary celiotomy increased progressively with increasing CRS: 0 or 1, 0%; 2 or 3, 11%; and 4 or 5, 24%. Preventing an unnecessary celiotomy with laparoscopy was associated with a decreased length of hospital stay (P<.01) and earlier initiation of chemotherapy (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic laparoscopy does not need to be performed routinely in all patients prior to hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastasis. Laparoscopy has a very low yield in patients with a CRS of 1 or less and is unnecessary. The yield of laparoscopy increases with increasing CRS. Preventing celiotomy with laparoscopy is associated with a decreased length of hospital stay and earlier initiation of postoperative chemotherapy.
Immunoglobulin G subclass responses to mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in HIV‐infected and non‐infected patients with tuberculosis

Immunoglohulin G subclass responses to lipoarabinomannan (LAM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were determined by ELISA in both HIV‐1 antibody positive (n=31) and negative (n=43) patients with tuberculosis (TB), Responses were also studied in a group of healthy controls (n= 16) and HIV‐1 antibody positive (n=60) individuals without TB. IgG2 antibodies were the predominant subclass, being present in 25 of 43 non‐HIV‐infected TB patients (58%) and in 11 of 31 HIV‐infected TB patients (35%). However. HIV+ TB patients also showed IgG4 (n= 16; 52%). and IgG1 (n=4, 13%) responses to LAM. whereas these subclasses were absent in sera from HIV TB patients. Individuals in both non‐tuberculous control groups showed no antibody responses to LAM. The influence of HIV infection on B cell responses to LAM, and possible mechanisms for antibody‐mediated regulation of immunity to TB, are explored.
The active sites of the influenza cap‐dependent endonuclease are on different polymerase subunits

The cap‐dependent endonuclease of the influenza viral RNA polymerase, which produces the capped RNA primers that initiate viral mRNA synthesis, is comprised of two active sites, one for cap binding and one for endonuclease cleavage.We identify the amino acid sequences that constitute these two active sites and demonstrate that they are located on different polymerase subunits. Binding of the 5′ terminal sequence of virion RNA (vRNA) to the polymerase activates a tryptophan‐rich, cap‐binding sequence on the PB2 subunit. At least one of the tryptophans functions in cap binding, indicating that this active site is probably similar to that of other known cap‐binding proteins. Endonuclease cleavage, which is activated by the subsequent binding of the 3′ terminal sequence of vRNA, resides in a PB1 sequence that contains three essential acidic amino acids, similar to the active sites of other enzymes that cut polynucleotides to produce 3′‐OH ends. These results, coupled with those of our previous study, provide a molecular map of the five known essential active sites of the influenza viral polymerase.
Ideas and questions for critical incident work

Critical Incident Work, perhaps because of its brevity, tends at times to escape the rigorous development of conceptions of practice associated with more general counselling. Here I suggest some ideas in order to deal with this possibility in the belief that our clients are always entitled to receive the best possible counselling from us. Principles of narrative practice in critical incident work are developed through the asking of some particular questions which turn out to become fruitful lines of inquiry.
Tegaserod‐Associated Ischemic Colitis

Tegaserod, a potent partial agonist of the serotonin 5‐HT4 receptor, is used to treat women with constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Since the drug's approval, the manufacturer has received infrequent although serious reports of diarrhea and ischemic colitis in patients taking the drug. These instances have led to a recent warning letter to physicians and a change in the prescription labeling of tegaserod. We describe the development of ischemic colitis in a woman who was treated with tegaserod and review the relationship among ischemic colitis, tegaserod use, and irritable bowel syndrome. Potential mechanisms involved in the occurrence of ischemic colitis in patients receiving tegaserod are also discussed.
Photoimmunosuppression: a brief overview

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation can lead to suppression of many adaptive immune responses, both to antigens encountered within a short period of the irradiation (primary) and to antigens previously encountered (memory). The pathways involved are complex and not completely elucidated. This brief review summarizes the information available currently regarding the multiple steps involved, with the aim of providing a general overview of the main aspects of photoimmunosuppression and its clinical consequences.
Local anaesthetics and adjuvants – future developments

The introduction of local anaesthesia some years after the first public demonstration of general anaesthesia not surprisingly created less excitement and interest amongst both the public and the medical profession. However, in its own way, a new revolution was happening. Local anaesthesia produced an increase in the choice of anaesthetic techniques available to practitioners and patients. In common with general anaesthesia, the choice of agents remained very limited for the first six decades, and interest in the practice of local, regional or central neuraxial blockade and the development of new techniques and drugs were hampered by perceived safety issues even as late as the second half of the 20th century. It is only in the last few years that, with an apparent renaissance in the use of local anaesthesia, the pace of development has picked up. As the use and range of techniques has increased, so has interest in solving some of the longstanding problems with the available drugs.
Isomorphism elimination for the enhancement of genetically generated analog circuits

A single stage analog circuit design automation technique, using Genetic Algorithms (GA), has previously been described. Circuits are produced that satisfy specified frequency response specifications whose elements are chosen from a set of preferred values incorporating associated parasitic effects. In this paper an enhancement to the technique is introduced, in which the problem of isomorphisms among genetic populations of solutions is tackled. A simple and efficient technique is used to remove isomorphic solutions, resulting in a faster convergence and producing a broader window in the solution space of the required circuit design.
sarA negatively regulates Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by modulating expression of 1 MDa extracellular matrix binding protein and autolysis‐dependent release of eDNA

Biofilm formation is essential for Staphylococcus epidermidis pathogenicity in implant‐associated infections. Nonetheless, large proportions of invasive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates fail to form a biofilm in vitro. We here tested the hypothesis that this apparent paradox is related to the existence of superimposed regulatory systems suppressing a multicellular biofilm life style in vitro. Transposon mutagenesis of clinical significant but biofilm‐negative S. epidermidis 1585 was used to isolate a biofilm positive mutant carrying a Tn917 insertion in sarA, chief regulator of staphylococcal virulence. Genetic analysis revealed that inactivation of sarA induced biofilm formation via overexpression of the giant 1 MDa extracellular matrix binding protein (Embp), serving as an intercellular adhesin. In addition to Embp, increased extracellular DNA (eDNA) release significantly contributed to biofilm formation in mutant 1585ΔsarA. Increased eDNA amounts indirectly resulted from upregulation of metalloprotease SepA, leading to boosted processing of autolysin AtlE, in turn inducing augmented autolysis and release of eDNA. Hence, this study identifies sarA as a negative regulator of Embp‐ and eDNA‐dependent biofilm formation. Given the importance of SarA as a positive regulator of polysaccharide mediated cell aggregation, the regulator enables S. epidermidis to switch between mechanisms of biofilm formation, ensuring S. epidermidis adaptation to hostile environments.
Valproic acid sensitizes K562 erythroleukemia cells to TRAIL/Apo2L-induced apoptosis.

BACKGROUND Selectively targeting death receptors to trigger apoptosis in cancer cells appears ideal in cancer therapy. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is of great interest since it has been shown to predominantly kill cancer cells without toxic effects on normal counterparts, thus representing a promising anticancer agent. However, resistance towards TRAIL/Apo2L treatment has also been described. To overcome this obstacle, co-administration of TRAIL/Apo2L plus several compounds, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), has been attempted as a strategy to restore cancer cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In recent years, the clinical application of HDACi has been largely explored for their ability to modulate gene transcription, block cell division cycle, inhibit cell proliferation, induce cellular differentiation and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ability of valproic acid (VPA), a well-known HDACi, to sensitise the K562 cell line, derived from a human leukemia, to TRAIL/Apo2L-mediated apoptosis was evaluated. VPA was selected since it is currently used in clinical practice and its pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and bioavailability are known. RESULTS When applied with TRAIL/Apo2L, VPA increased cell death and caspase-3 activity by 4-fold compared to the treatment with TRAIL/Apo2L alone. VPA sensitized K562 cells to TRAIL/Apo2L-mediated apoptosis by increasing the expression of DR4 and DR5 by 3- and 14-fold respectively. In addition, VPA per se, in the absence of TRAIL/Apo2L, reduced the expression of antiapoptotic factors, such as c-FLPs, associated with DISC, and Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L), associated with mitochondria, acting on both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated the ability of VPA to sensitize TRAIL/Apo2L-resistant cells to apoptosis, thus providing an attractive approach for the treatment of leukemias and other proliferative malignancies.
Human area V5 and motion in the ipsilateral visual field

We have studied area V5 of the human brain with visually‐evoked potential (VEP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, using hemifield motion stimuli. Our results confirmed the presence of an ipsilateral field representation in V5 and found: (i) a delay in the ipsilateral response in V5, irrespective of the hemifield stimulated; (ii) a longer ipsilateral delay for left hemifield than for right hemifield stimulation; and (iii) in a patient with a section of the splenium, an absent ipsilateral response for right but not left hemifield stimulation. Together with neurophysiological and anatomical evidence in the monkey, our non‐invasive spatial and temporal imaging studies in man reveal that ipsilateral V5 is activated by motion signals transferred from contralateral V5. The asymmetry of ipsilateral delay in normal subjects and the asymmetrical loss of ipsilateral response following splenial section imply that signals related to visual motion are transferred from one V5 to the other through two segregated pathways.
The role of dendritic cell C‐type lectin receptors in HIV pathogenesis

Dendritic cells play a major role in HIV pathogenesis. Epithelial dendritic cells appear to be one of the first cells infected after sexual transmission and transfer of the virus to CD4 lymphocytes, simultaneously activating these cells to produce high levels of HIV replication. Such transfer may occur locally in inflamed mucosa or after dendritic cells have matured and migrated to local lymph nodes. Therefore, the mechanism of binding, internalization, infection and transfer of HIV to CD4 lymphocytes is of great interest. Recently, the role of the C‐type lectin DC‐SIGN as a dendritic cell receptor for HIV has been intensively studied with in vitro monocyte‐derived dendritic cells. However, it is clear that other C‐type lectin receptors such as Langerin on Langerhan cells and mannose receptor on dermal dendritic cells are at least equally important for gp120 binding on epithelial dendritic cells. C‐type lectin receptors play a role in virus transfer to T cells, either via de novo infection (“cis transfer”) or without infection (“in trans” or transinfection). Both these processes are important in vitro, and both may have a role in vivo, although the low‐level infection of immature dendritic cells may be more important as it leads to R5 HIV strain selection and persistence of virus within dendritic cells for at least 24 h, sufficient for these cells to transit to lymph nodes. The exact details of these processes are currently the subject of intense study.
Iron Isotope Constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Ocean Redox State

The response of the ocean redox state to the rise of atmospheric oxygen about 2.3 billion years ago (Ga) is a matter of controversy. Here we provide iron isotope evidence that the change in the ocean iron cycle occurred at the same time as the change in the atmospheric redox state. Variable and negative iron isotope values in pyrites older than about 2.3 Ga suggest that an iron-rich global ocean was strongly affected by the deposition of iron oxides. Between 2.3 and 1.8 Ga, positive iron isotope values of pyrite likely reflect an increase in the precipitation of iron sulfides relative to iron oxides in a redox stratified ocean.
Distant homology detection using a LEngth and STructure‐based sequence Alignment Tool (LESTAT)

A new machine learning algorithm, LESTAT (LEngth and STructure‐based sequence Alignment Tool) has been developed for detecting protein homologs having low‐sequence identity. LESTAT is an iterative profile‐based method that runs without reliance on a predefined library and incorporates several novel features that enhance its ability to identify remote sequences. To overcome the inherent bias associated with a single starting model, LESTAT utilizes three structural homologs to create a profile consisting of structurally conserved positions and block separation distances. Subsequent profiles are refined iteratively using sequence information obtained from previous cycles. Additionally, the refinement process incorporates a “lock‐in” feature to retain the high‐scoring sequences involved in previous alignments for subsequent model building and an enhancement factor to complement the weighting scheme used to build the position specific scoring matrix. A comparison of the performance of LESTAT against PSI‐BLAST for seven systems reveals that LESTAT exhibits increased sensitivity and specificity over PSI‐BLAST in six of these systems, based on the number of true homologs detected and the number of families these homologs covered. Notably, many of the hits identified are unique to each method, presumably resulting from the distinct differences in the two approaches. Taken together, these findings suggest that LESTAT is a useful complementary method to PSI‐BLAST in the detection of distant homologs. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phospholamban Ablation and Compensatory Responses in the Mammalian Heart a

ABSTRACT: Phospholamban is a low molecular weight phosphoprotein in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. The regulatory role of phospholamban in vivo has recently been elucidated by targeting the gene of this protein in embryonic stem cells and generating phospholamban‐deficient mice. The phospholamban knockout hearts exhibited significantly enhanced contractile parameters and attenuated responses to β‐agonists. The hyperdynamic cardiac function of the phospholamban knockout mice was not accompanied by any cytoarchitectural abnormalities or alterations in the expression levels of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase, calsequestrin, Na+‐Ca2+ exchanger, or the contractile proteins. Furthermore, the attenuation of the cardiac responses to β‐agonists was not due to alterations in the phosphorylation levels of the other key cardiac phosphoproteins in the phospholamban knockout hearts. However, ablation of phospholamban was associated with down‐regulation of the ryanodine receptor, which suggests that a cross‐talk between cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ release occurred in an attempt to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in these hyperdynamic phospholamban knockout hearts.
Social Dynamics a Summary

This paper is a study of 5,000 articles from the PubMed Medical Library. The main subject of our review is Social Dynamics.For the study we input different string combinations with the following words: urban, social, inequalities, segregation, criminality, complex, racism, apartheid, discrimination, dynamic, dynamics, systems, cause, causes.Then, from the results we discerned the full text articles, and choose those which were more important to the subject and our focus. For each chosen article we took the key sentences and ordered the review from newer (2015) to oldest (2009). The intention of this paper is to make easier for the researchers to get into the literature of the subject.
Datatization as the Next Frontier of Servitization - Understanding the Challenges for Transforming Organizations

Today, servitization has reached its saturation point as enterprises in almost every business and continent pursued it as a differentiation strategy. Data analytics may offer the next frontier of innovation and hold the potential for enterprises to create value for their customers. Nevertheless, organizations face a series of barriers when utilizing the technologies. We apply a rigorous qualitative analysis process based on grounded theory and interview data of 15 business-to-business companies that already successfully utilize data analytics to create value for their customers. We analyzed our results in the lights of the barriers organization face in servitization and reveal that data analytics adds an additional layer of complexity. Our work contributes to the fundamental understanding of organizational transformation and should provide concrete guidance to business leaders on how to address transformation regarding the utilization of data and analytics
The intracerebral application of the PPARγ‐ligand pioglitazone confers neuroprotection against focal ischaemia in the rat brain

The present study addresses the neuroprotective function of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) application of pioglitazone, a selective ligand of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the rat brain after ischaemia. Pioglitazone or vehicle were i.c. v. infused via osmotic minipumps over a 5‐day period before, and 2 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. This i.c. v. application of pioglitazone in the brain significantly reduced the infarct size and brain oedema, and attenuated in the peri‐infarct cortical regions the invasion of activated microglia and macrophages. Moreover, pioglitazone improved the recovery of sensory deficits 48 h after MCAO. Our data demonstrate for the first time that it is the activation of intracerebral PPARγ that can confer neuroprotection, anti‐inflammatory and neurological improvement following ischaemic injury.