Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of periodontitis with oral malodor in Korean adults

This study aimed to evaluate the association of periodontitis with the organoleptic score (OLS)-defined oral malodor after validating OLS with odoriferous sulfur compounds in mouth air among Korean adults. A total of 330 adults aged 47–86 years were recruited from the Yangpyeong health cohort, South Korea, in 2015. Oral malodor was assessed using a 6-point OLS by a trained dentist and validated with the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and methyl mercaptan (MM) using a gas chromatographer. Periodontitis was measured by assessing the radiographic alveolar bone loss on digital orthopantomography. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, partial correlation, ANOVA, and multivariable logistic regression with putative confounders were applied. OLS was significantly correlated with the concentrations of HS and MM (partial r = 0.401 and 0.392, respectively; both p<0.001) after controlling for confounders. Individuals with periodontitis had 1.8 times the risk of OLS-defined oral malodor in multivariable models (adjusted odds ratio = 1.77 in the model with the number of teeth and 1.82 in the model with denture wearing; p = 0.047 and 0.035, respectively). Periodontitis was associated with OLS-defined oral malodor among Korean adults independent of known confounders. Periodontal conditions should be considered for clinical practice and research of oral malodor.
Interictal autonomic dysfunction

Purpose of review Epilepsy is associated with autonomic dysfunction. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on measures of interictal autonomic function, focusing on heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Recent findings Resting HRV, BRS and EDA are altered in patients with epilepsy compared with healthy controls. A larger body of work is available for HRV compared with BRS and EDA, and points to interictal HRV derangements across a wide range of epilepsies, including focal, generalized, and combined generalized and focal epilepsies. HRV alterations are most pronounced in temporal lobe epilepsy, Dravet syndrome and drug-resistant and chronic epilepsies. There are conflicting data on the effect of antiseizure medications on measures of interictal autonomic function. However, carbamazepine has been associated with decreased HRV. Epilepsy surgery and vagus nerve stimulation do not appear to have substantial impact on measures of interictal autonomic function but well designed studies are lacking. Summary Patients with epilepsy, particularly those with longstanding uncontrolled seizures, have measurable alterations of resting autonomic function. These alterations may be relevant to the increased risk of premature mortality in epilepsy, including sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, which warrants investigation in future research.
Assessing feed efficiency in early and mid-lactation and its associations with performance and health in Holstein cows.

Objectives were to evaluate the associations between residual dry matter (DM) intake (RFI) and residual N intake (RNI) in early lactation, from 1 to 5 wk postpartum, and in mid-lactation, from 9 to 15 wk postpartum, and assess production performance and risk of diseases in cows according to RFI in mid-lactation. Data from 4 experiments including 399 Holsteins cows were used in this study. Intakes of DM and N, yields of milk components, body weight, and body condition were evaluated daily or weekly for the first 105 d postpartum. Milk yield by 305 d postpartum was also measured. Incidence of disease was evaluated for the first 90 d postpartum and survival up to 300 d postpartum. Residual DM and N intake were calculated in early and mid-lactation as the observed minus the predicted values, which were based on linear models that accounted for major energy or N sinks, including daily milk energy or N output, metabolic body weight, and daily body energy or N changes, and adjusting for parity, season of calving, and treatment within experiment. Cows were ranked by RFI and RNI in mid-lactation and categorized into quartiles (Q1 = smallest RFI, to Q4 = largest RFI). Increasing efficiency in mid-lactation resulted in linear decreases in RFI (depicted from Q1 to Q4; -0.93, -0.05, -0.04, and 0.98 kg/d), DMI (16.0, 16.9, 17.3, and 18.4 kg/d), net energy for lactation (NEL) intake (26.8, 28.4, 29.0, and 30.8 Mcal/d), and NEL balance (-9.0, -8.1, -8.2, and -5.5 Mcal/d) during early lactation, but no differences were observed in body NEL or N changes or yield of energy-corrected milk in the first 5 wk of lactation. Residual DM intake in mid-lactation was associated with RFI (Pearson r = 0.43, and Spearman ρ = 0.32) and RNI (r = 0.44, ρ = 0.36) in early lactation, and with RNI in mid-lactation (r = 0.91, ρ = 0.84). Similarly, RNI in mid-lactation was associated with RNI in early lactation (r = 0.42, ρ = 0.35). During the first 15 wk postpartum, more efficient cows in mid-lactation consumed 3.5 kg/d less DM (Q1 = 19.3 vs. Q4 = 22.8 kg/d) and were more N efficient (Q1 = 31.6 vs. Q4 = 25.8%), at the same time that yields of milk (Q1 = 39.0 vs. Q4 = 39.4 kg/d), energy-corrected milk (Q1 = 38.6 vs. Q4 = 39.3 kg/d), and milk components did not differ compared with the quartile of least efficient cows. Furthermore, RFI in mid-lactation was not associated with 305-d milk yield, incidence of diseases in the first 90 d postpartum, or survival by 300 d postpartum. Collectively, rankings of RFI and RNI are associated and repeatable across lactation stages. The most feed-efficient cows were also more N efficient in early and mid-lactation. Phenotypic selection of RFI based on measurements in mid-lactation is associated with improved efficiency without affecting production or health in dairy cows.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Small-Molecule APJ (Apelin Receptor) Agonist, BMS-986224, as a Potential Treatment for Heart Failure

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: New heart failure therapies that safely augment cardiac contractility and output are needed. Previous apelin peptide studies have highlighted the potential for APJ (apelin receptor) agonism to enhance cardiac function in heart failure. However, apelin’s short half-life limits its therapeutic utility. Here, we describe the preclinical characterization of a novel, orally bioavailable APJ agonist, BMS-986224. Methods: BMS-986224 pharmacology was compared with (Pyr1) apelin-13 using radio ligand binding and signaling pathway assays downstream of APJ (cAMP, phosphorylated ERK [extracellular signal-regulated kinase], bioluminescence resonance energy transfer–based G-protein assays, β-arrestin recruitment, and receptor internalization). Acute effects on cardiac function were studied in anesthetized instrumented rats. Chronic effects of BMS-986224 were assessed echocardiographically in the RHR (renal hypertensive rat) model of cardiac hypertrophy and decreased cardiac output. Results: BMS-986224 was a potent (Kd=0.3 nmol/L) and selective APJ agonist, exhibiting similar receptor binding and signaling profile to (Pyr1) apelin-13. G-protein signaling assays in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and human cardiomyocytes confirmed this and demonstrated a lack of signaling bias relative to (Pyr1) apelin-13. In anesthetized instrumented rats, short-term BMS-986224 infusion increased cardiac output (10%–15%) without affecting heart rate, which was similar to (Pyr1) apelin-13 but differentiated from dobutamine. Subcutaneous and oral BMS-986224 administration in the RHR model increased stroke volume and cardiac output to levels seen in healthy animals but without preventing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, effects differentiated from enalapril. Conclusions: We identify a novel, potent, and orally bioavailable nonpeptidic APJ agonist that closely recapitulates the signaling properties of (Pyr1) apelin-13. We show that oral APJ agonist administration induces a sustained increase in cardiac output in the cardiac disease setting and exhibits a differentiated profile from the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor enalapril, supporting further clinical evaluation of BMS-986224 in heart failure.
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells promotes the therapeutic effect of neural stem cells on spinal cord injury by inhibiting necrioptosis

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is one of the most promising treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the limited survival of transplanted NSCs reduces their therapeutic effects. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a co-transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) may enhance the survival of NSCs and improve the beneficial effects of NSCs in rats with SCI, as well as to investigate potential mechanisms underlying such efficacies. Co-transplantation of OECs and NSCs was used to treat rats with SCI. Sympathetic nerve function was determined by measuring sympathetic skin responses. The results showed that OEC/NSC co-transplantation improved motor function and autonomic nerve function in rats with SCI. Co-transplantation of OECs promoted NSC-induced neuroprotection and inhibited programmed necrosis of NSCs, which was mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Furthermore, OECs increased the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in vitro, and improved the survival rate of NSCs in vivo. Taken together, we conclude that transplantation of OECs inhibited programmed necrosis of co-transplanted NSCs to promote therapeutic effects on SCI. Therefore, co-transplantation of OECs and NSCs may represent a promising strategy for treating patients with SCI.
Positive emotion in daily life: Emotion regulation and depression.

Depression is associated with the infrequent use of emotion regulation strategies that increase positive emotion and the frequent use of strategies that decrease positive emotion. However, prior research mostly relies on global, retrospective assessments that fail to capture dynamic relations between positive emotion and emotion regulation in ecologically valid settings. This study used an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to test whether depression is related to positive emotion regulation in daily life. We recruited 108 individuals to complete a 14-day EMA study, tracking strategy use and positive emotion over time. Higher momentary positive emotion was associated with greater subsequent use of positive rumination and less use of dampening. Elevated depressive symptoms, however, were associated with lower average use of positive rumination and higher average use of dampening. Depressive symptom levels did not modulate relations between positive emotion and emotion regulation strategy use. Less use of positive rumination and more use of dampening were related to lower levels of momentary positive emotion. Taken together, depression was associated with a pattern of strategy use that is associated with low positive emotion. Emotion regulation may help to explain positive emotion deficits in depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
GoNe encoding a class VIIIb AP2/ERF is required for both extrafloral and floral nectary development in Gossypium.

The floral nectary, first recognized and described by Carl Linnaeus, is a remarkable organ that serves to provide carbohydrate-rich nectar to visiting pollinators in return for gamete transfer between flowers. Therefore, the nectary has indispensable biological significance in plant reproduction and even in evolution. Only two genes, CRC and STY, have been reported to regulate floral nectary development. It is still unknown, however, what genes contributes to extrafloral nectary development. Here, we report that a nectary development gene in Gossypium (GoNe), annotated as an APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF), is responsible for the formation of both floral and extrafloral nectaries. GoNe plants that are silenced via virus-induced gene silencing technology and/or knocked out by Cas9 produce a nectariless phenotype. Point mutation and gene truncation simultaneously in duplicated genes Ne1 Ne2 lead to impaired nectary development in tetraploid cotton. There is no difference in the expression of the CRC and STY genes between the nectary TM-1 and the nectariless MD90ne in cotton. Therefore, the GoNe gene responsible for the formation of floral and extrafloral nectaries may be independent of CRC and STY. There may exist a complex mechanism that restricts the nectary to a specific position with different genetic factors. Characterization of these target genes regulating nectary production has provided insights into the development, evolution, and function of nectaries and insect-resistant breeding.
X-ray and neutron diffraction study of tetragonal barium titanate

An attempt is made to differentiate between the three previously proposed models of the structure of tetragonal BaTiO3. In the new model, the serious parameter-interaction problem was avoided by the use of both neutron and X-ray diffraction data collected from c-domain single crystals. The result of the refinement gave the displacement of the Ti atom from its cubic position as 0.0135 ± 0.0004 A; the R value was 0.027 and 0.024 for the neutron and X-ray data respectively. The analysis also showed that the temperature parameters, B33, along the c axis are approximately independent of mass; B33 = 0.32 ± 0.03 A2 from X-ray and 0.33 ± 0.04 A2 from neutron diffraction. The average value obtained for the B11 temperature parameters, B11 = 0.50 A2, is considerably higher than the B33 value, which thus clearly indicates the existence of low frequency optic modes at room temperature.
Investigations of the molecular mechanism of diltiazem binding to human serum albumin in the presence of metal ions, glucose and urea

Abstract The molecular mechanism and thermodynamic properties of the interaction between diltiazem (DTZ) and human serum albumin (HSA), has been studied in vitro using spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, fluorescence, FTIR), and molecular docking methods. The effect of acidic and basic pH, glucose, urea, and metal ions on the DTZ-HSA binding has been investigated as well. According to the results, there is a 1:1 interaction between DTZ and HSA, while the quenching mechanism is static up to 313 K. The apparent binding constant was 2.09 × 106 M −1 that indicates a strong binding between DTZ and HSA. DTZ binding was increased in acidic pH while its binding was slowly decreased in the presence of glucose, urea, and metal ions. Thermodynamic studies showed that DTZ binds to HSA via an exothermic and spontaneous reaction via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The conformational alteration of HSA is obvious according to the FTIR study. The site marker competitive study confirmed the binding of DTZ to the warfarin binding site. Molecular docking studies showed that DTZ binds to subdomain IB (−9.22 kcal mol−1) and subdomain IIIA (−9.03 kcal mol−1) with a higher tendency. Also, the results showed that the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of hydroxyl and amino functional groups of DTZ facilitate hydrogen bond formation. Highlights Strong binding of diltiazem to HSA was studied and confirmed by fluorescence quenching titrations. Diltiazem binding to HSA reduces in the presence of metal ions, glucose, urea and alkaline pH. Diltiazem binding to HSA is exothermic and spontaneous. Graphical Abstract Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The impact of older siblings on the language environment and language development of bilingual toddlers

Abstract Previous research has suggested that the language development of bilingual children benefits from more exposure and opportunities for language use. Typically, this research has used aggregated measures of exposure and use. The role of specific interlocutors and in particular older siblings has received comparatively little attention. In this study, we examine the impact of having an older sibling on the language environment and language development of a group of 31 bilingual Greek–Dutch toddlers aged 16 to 30 months growing up in the Netherlands. Approximately half (n = 14) of the toddlers had an older sibling. With respect to language environment, toddlers with older siblings were in general found to hear and use more Dutch at home than their first-born peers. There were however no differences between the two groups of toddlers in terms of parental language use. With respect to language development, toddlers with older siblings were found to score higher than first-born peers on measures of Dutch receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary, and morphosyntactic complexity. For Greek, no such differences were observed. The findings are discussed in light of factors including family constellation, parental language proficiency, bilingual parenting strategies, and the wider sociolinguistic context.
The foreign language effect in bilingualism: Examining prosocial sentiment after offense taking

Abstract This study examines whether the foreign language effect mitigates reactions to value-inconsistent sociopolitical content. We examined 69 English–Spanish bilinguals and 31 Spanish–English heritage bilinguals, half of whom did the experiment in their native language and half in their second language. Participants were administered a survey in which trial emotiveness was manipulated by using the quantifiers some and all (e.g., Some Trump supporters are racists vs. All Trump supporters are racists). The some-types (n = 30) served as a baseline for the all-types (n = 30). After each target, participants rated their willingness to be prosocial (e.g., holding the door for a stranger) on a scale of 1–7, 1 being totally agree and 7 being totally disagree. Our results suggest that processing emotional information in a second language is less emotional than in a first language and that such a decrease in emotionality results in the neutralization of offense taken. However, individual differences in linguistic profiles across participants, as well as contextual framing, lead to discrete value judgments. Proficiency, learner type, political affiliation, and context type affect willingness to engage in prosocial behavior. As a group, the bilinguals showed no decrease in their willingness to engage in such behaviors, regardless of context type; speakers of higher proficiency and stronger political values increase prosocial sentiment; and lower proficiency and weaker views lead to neutral prosocial sentiment.
Socioeconomic status as a proxy for input quality in bilingual children?

Abstract This study investigates the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as a proxy for input quality, in predicting language proficiency. Different operationalizations of SES are compared, including simple measures (parental education and parental occupation) and complex measures combining two dimensions (among parental education, parental occupation, and deprivation risk). All significantly predict overall English proficiency scores in a diverse group of 5- to 7-year-olds acquiring English and another language. The most informative SES measure in that respect is shown to be a complex measure combining parental education and parental occupation. That measure is used in a second set of analyses showing that different aspects of language are affected differently by variations in SES and in language exposure.
A Novel Integrated Information Processing Model of Presence

Abstract The objective of this article is to conduct a narrative literature review on multisensory integration and propose a novel information processing model of presence in virtual reality (VR). The first half of the article introduces basic multisensory integration (implicit information processing) and the integration of coherent stimuli (explicit information processing) in the physical environment, offering an explanation for people's reactions during VR immersions and is an important component of our model. To help clarify these concepts, examples are provided. The second half of the article addresses multisensory integration in VR. Three models in the literature examine the role that multisensory integration plays in inducing various perceptual illusions and the relationship between embodiment and presence in VR. However, they do not relate specifically to presence and multisensory integration. We propose a novel model of presence using elements of these models and suggest that implicit and explicit information processing lead to presence. We refer to presence as a perceptual illusion that includes a plausibility illusion (the feeling that the scenario in the virtual environment is actually occurring) and a place illusion (the feeling of being in the place depicted in the virtual environment), based on efficient and congruent multisensory integration.
Holistic Orphan Care: A Call for Change in Caring for Orphans and Vulnerable Children

Christians care for orphans and children without parental care in different forms. However, in the Global South, care is primarily provided in orphanages or large residential settings. Despite good intentions, there are limitations to provide a nurturing family environment for the children in such care environment. With current knowledge of alternative child care and in light of the holistic ministry, this article suggests an approach for the church to care for orphans and children at risk by focusing on the family and the local community. Additionally, simple steps to transition to holistic orphan care are offered.
Literature Review on Diversity and Inclusion at Workplace, 2010–2017

Purpose: The article highlights various studies conducted in the field of diversity and inclusion at workplace. This helps us to understand the evolution of diversity and inclusion and identify future research gaps. Methodology: The article employs a citation analysis technique to analyse the citation index of journals and authors based on the data collected from various databases such as Social Sciences Citation Index, Emerging Sources Citation Index, and SCImago (2010–2017). For the analysis, journals relevant to the field of management related to diversity and inclusion in the area of management were selected from the database of 254,617 journals. Finding: A literature review analysis was commissioned to focus on diversity and inclusion at workplace and its research trends from 2010 to 2017. The varied meanings and interpretations of the terms ‘diversity and inclusion’ make it ripe for examining the literature on diversity and that of inclusion to offer a deeper and nuanced understanding of their meanings and conceptualizations. The review analysis suggests that there is a rich body of research in the area of diversity and its related outcomes. Since inclusion has emerged as a fairly recent area of exploration, more research is required in the area of inclusion and its related outcomes. Originality/value: The article is original and holds significance as inclusion has only recently entered the lexicon of popular discourse. Further, this study may benefit research scholars from management seeking understanding about research trends and emerging trends in the area of diversity and inclusion.
Parasocial cues: The ubiquity of parasocial relationships on Twitch

ABSTRACT This study analyzed Twitch chat messages for verbal indicators of the presence of parasocial relationships. Unlike traditional parasocial research, this study employed natural language processing to score streamer-targeted and viewer-targeted messages for verbal immediacy. It divided chat data according to stream content and streamer type and found that streamer-targeted messages consistently scored higher in verbal immediacy than viewer-targeted messages. The verbal immediacy scores for this dataset were content-agnostic. The findings illustrated a new method for testing the perceived relational closeness of parasocial relationships, namely, utilizing user-generated content to identify verbal indicators of parasocial relationships. Researchers are now capable of exploring the variance of parasocial relationships as they are naturally presented through new media platforms, where media users and figures co-exist.