Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A biomechanical assessment of soft-tissue damage in the cervical spine following a unilateral facet injury.

BACKGROUND Unilateral cervical spine facet injuries encompass a wide spectrum, including subluxations, dislocations, and fractures, and the instability produced varies greatly. The extent of anatomical disruption secondary to a unilateral facet injury is poorly understood, and few biomechanical studies have quantified the associated kinematics. The purpose of this study was to develop an experimental method that reliably produces an impending unilateral facet dislocation (perched facet) in cadaveric cervical spines and to identify the soft-tissue damage and resulting changes in cervical spine range of motion and neutral zone associated with this injury. METHODS Nine fresh-frozen cadaveric human spinal motion segments (C4-C5 or C6-C7) were mounted in a spinal loading simulator to induce a perched unilateral facet injury based on a previously described mechanism of flexion and bending with increasing rotation. Loads were applied to simulate and measure flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation motions before and after achieving a perched facet. Preinjury and postinjury range of motion and neutral zone were analyzed with use of paired t tests for each movement. Systematic qualitative inspection and gross dissection were then performed to define the soft-tissue injury pattern. RESULTS Range of motion and neutral zone increased following the reduction of this injury; the largest increase (294%) occurred in contralateral axial rotation (i.e., right axial rotation after a perched left facet). Postinjury dissections revealed bilateral capsular tears, 50% disc disruption, and 50% tearing of the ligamentum flavum in most specimens. The interspinous and supraspinous ligaments were stretched in less than half of the specimens and were never completely disrupted. The longitudinal ligaments were occasionally torn as extensions of anulus fibrosus disruptions. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and ligamentum flavum are important cervical spine stabilizers. Facet capsules were often torn bilaterally, implying a more advanced injury than a unilateral facet injury. These discoligamentous injuries result in increases in range of motion and neutral zone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results from this work provide further insight into the expected injury and associated instability present in a traumatic unilateral facet injury in the cervical spine.
Research on Method of Traffic Network Bottleneck Identification based on Max-flow Min-cut Theorem

Traffic congestion has severely affected the city's development, therefore, the research on method of traffic network bottleneck identification which can find weak parts of the traffic network and provide a basis for resolving the traffic problem, is becoming very important. The Method of Traffic Network Bottleneck Identification based on Max-flow Min-cut Theorem is simulated and proved available and right by using the data of traffic network of Changyi District, Jilin City.
Jaw and Order

It is well-accepted that the jaw plays an active role in influencing vowel height. The general aim of the current study is to further investigate the extent to which the jaw is active in producing consonantal distinctions, with specific focus on coronal consonants. Therefore, tongue tip and jaw positions are compared for the German coronal consonants /s, , t, d, n, l/, that is, consonants having the same active articulators (apical/laminal) but differing in manner of articulation. In order to test the stability of articulatory positions for each of these coronal consonants, a natural perturbation paradigm was introduced by recording two levels of vocal effort: comfortable, and loud without shouting. Tongue and jaw movements of five speakers of German were recorded by means of EMMA during /aCa/ sequences. By analyzing the tongue tip and jaw positions and their spatial variability we found that (1) the jaw's contribution to these consonants varies with manner of articulation, and (2) for all coronal consonants the positions are stable across loudness conditions except for those of the nasal. Results are discussed with respect to the tasks of the jaw, and the possible articulatory adjustments that may accompany louder speech.
Elevated plasma interleukin‐10 levels in acute dengue correlate with disease severity

Dengue viruses, of which there are four serotypes,are the most important arthropod-borne viral infec-tions in the world, accounting for more than 250,000cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 10,000deaths annually [Monath, 1994]. Infection with dengueviruses can yield different clinical syndromes, includ-ing (1) undifferentiated febrile illness, seen more com-monly in children; (2) dengue fever (DF), a flu-like syn-drome characterized by high fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgias, abdominal pain, nausea, andvomiting; and (3) dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), aplasma leak syndrome that, in its most severe form,can be life-threatening [Nimmannitya, 1987]. Plasma leakage is a major clinical feature of DHFand tends to occur around the time of defervescence.We have been interested in the events that precede theperiod of plasma leakage to better define its etiology.We have found that dengue virus-specific CD4
Dynamic Object Recognition Using Precise Location Detection and ANN for Robot Manipulator

This paper presents vision based dynamic object recognition system for robot manipulation tasks by increasing the needs of automation machine vision. Object recognition or localization technology is used for pick and place task using robot. The dynamic object recognition system detects landmark features using neural network and provides grasping points of randomly located object, bin-picking object, visual servoing object to robot. The characteristic of dynamic object is free of posture, location, shape, distance, stacked form and is not restricted in illumination condition. This paper uses neural network based feature extractor and object classifier to recognize dynamic object. Dynamic object recognition system goes through image processing less impact to illumination effect, landmark feature extraction according to an object, coupled NN based object detection and recognition. We have evaluated performance of dynamic object recognition by testing detection of location, estimation of posture, distance to object and by identifying object type. And the other performance has evaluated by processing pick and place task using robot manipulator.
Prefrontal Cortical‐Amygdalar Metabolism in Major Depression

ABSTRACT: Functional neuroimaging studies of the anatomical correlates of familial major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have identified abnormalities of resting blood flow (BF) and glucose metabolism in depression in the amygdala and the orbital and medial prefrontal cortical (PFC) areas that are extensively connected with the amygdala. The amygdala metabolism in MDD and BD is positively correcated with both depression severity and “stressed” plasma cortisol concentrations measured during scanning. During antidepressant drug treatment, the mean amygdala metabolism decreases in treatment responders, and the persistence of elevated amygdala metabolism during remission is associated with a high risk for the development of depressive relapse. The orbital C Metabolism is also abnormally elevated during depression, but is negatively correlated with both depression severity and amygdala metabolism, suggesting that this structure may be activated as a compensatory mechanism to modulate amygdala activity or amygdala‐driven emotional responses. The posterior orbital C and anterior cingulate C ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum (Subgenual PFC) have more recently been shown in morphometric MRI and/or post mortem histopathological studies to have reduced grey matter volume and reduced glial cell numbers (with no equivalent loss of neurons) in familial MDD and BD. These data suggest a neural model in which dysfunction of limbic PFC structures impairs the modulation of the amygdala, leading to abnormal processing of emotional stimuli. Antidepressant drugs may compensate for this dysfunction by inhibiting pathological limbic activity.
Orchestration of the Floral Transition and Floral Development in Arabidopsis by the Bifunctional Transcription Factor APETALA2[W][OA]

This study examines how the transcription factor APETALA2 suppresses flowering by mapping direct targets of AP2 on a genome-wide scale and comparing the map to changes in gene expression. The results indicate an unexpected level of complexity in the interactions of transcription factors with one another and their targets. The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor APETALA2 (AP2) has numerous functions, including roles in seed development, stem cell maintenance, and specification of floral organ identity. To understand the relationship between these different roles, we mapped direct targets of AP2 on a genome-wide scale in two tissue types. We find that AP2 binds to thousands of loci in the developing flower, many of which exhibit AP2-dependent transcription. Opposing, logical effects are evident in AP2 binding to two microRNA genes that influence AP2 expression, with AP2 positively regulating miR156 and negatively regulating miR172, forming a complex direct feedback loop, which also included all but one of the AP2-like miR172 target clade members. We compare the genome-wide direct target repertoire of AP2 with that of SCHLAFMÜTZE, a closely related transcription factor that also represses the transition to flowering. We detect clear similarities and important differences in the direct target repertoires that are also tissue specific. Finally, using an inducible expression system, we demonstrate that AP2 has dual molecular roles. It functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor, directly inducing the expression of the floral repressor AGAMOUS-LIKE15 and directly repressing the transcription of floral activators like SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1.
Regulation of PI4,5P2 synthesis by nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of the Mss4 lipid kinase

The essential phospholipid PI4,5P2 is generated by a well conserved PI4P 5‐kinase, Mss4, in yeast. Balanced production and turnover of PI4,5P2 is important for normal organization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell viability. Previous studies have shown that multiple PI phosphatases can regulate PI4,5P2 levels. We report a new, unexpected regulatory mechanism for PI4,5P2 homeostasis, directed by nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of the lipid kinase. We show that Mss4 is a phosphoprotein, which contains a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) and can shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Temperature‐conditional mss4 cells that accumulate Mss4 protein in the nucleus exhibit reduced levels of PI4,5P2, depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton and a block in Mss4 phosphorylation, suggesting an essential role for phosphorylated Mss4 at the plasma membrane. Through the isolation of gene dosage‐dependent suppressors of mss4 mutants, we identified Bcp1, a protein enriched in the nucleus, which is required for Mss4 nuclear export and is related to the mammalian BRCA2‐interacting protein BCCIP. Together, these studies suggest a new mechanism for lipid kinase regulation through regulated nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling.
A Random Walk Down the Economic Policy Street: Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Forecasting Future Real Economic Activity in the Euro Area and the UK

Recently introduced measure for Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) seems to have a role to play in forecasting out-of-sample values for the future real economic activity both for the euro area and the UK economies in the monthly data from 1997-2016. Inclusion of EPU measures either for the US, UK or overall European economies improves the forecasting ability of models based on standard financial market information especially for the period before the 2008 global financial and real economy crisis. However, during and after the most recent crisis period the simple financial market information in the form of the slope of the yield curve and excess stock market returns improves the out-of-sample forecast performance compared to an AR-benchmark model the most. Hence, the EPU information is important in times of 'normal' business cycles, but it might clearly contain similar information components as do the financial market return variables during turbulent crisis periods in the financial markets and real economies.
Prevalence and Fingerprinting of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Raw Whole Milk in Farm Bulk Tanks and in Dairy Plant Receiving Tanks

ABSTRACT The incidence of Listeria species in raw whole milk from farm bulk tanks and from raw milk in storage at a Swedish dairy plant was studied. Listeria monocytogenes was found in 1.0% and Listeria innocua was found in 2.3% of the 294 farm bulk tank (farm tank) milk specimens. One farm tank specimen contained 60 CFU of L. monocytogenes ml−1. L. monocytogenes was detected in 19.6% and L. innocua was detected in 8.5% of the milk specimens from the silo receiving tanks at the dairy (dairy silos). More dairy silo specimens were positive for both Listeria species during winter than during summer. Restriction enzyme analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were applied to 65 isolates of L. monocytogenes, resulting in 16 different clonal types. Two clonal types were shared by the farm tank milk and the dairy silo milk. All except one clonal type belonged to serovar 1/2a. In the dairy silo milk five clonal types were found more frequently and for a longer period than the others. No Listeria species were found in any other samples from the plant.
Seasons can influence the results of the methacholine challenge test

OBJECTIVE: This study tried to evaluate whether a methacholine test may be influenced by the seasons. METHODS: We considered 4826 consecutive subjects with normal spirometry (50.53% males; age: 35.1±16.2; forced expiratory volume in one second: 99.5±13.0%) who underwent a methacholine test for suspected asthma symptoms between 2000 and 2010. They were subdivided into four groups, like the seasons, according to the test dates. RESULTS: A total of 1981 (41%) resulted normal (no PD20 was obtained with 2400 μg of methacholine); the others showed a mean LogPD20 of 2.52±0.5 μg. The number of subjects with bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) found in autumn (789, 62.3%) was higher than in summer (583, 56.7%; P=0.03). A higher number of females and overweight/obese subjects showed a BHR in autumn compared with the other seasons. The spring mean LogPD20 value (2.48±0.48 μg) was lower if compared with the one measured in summer (2.59±0.49 μg; P=0.05). LogPD20 value was lower in females and non-smokers in spring compared with summer (P<0.05). Overweight/obese non-smokers showed a lower LogPD20 in spring and autumn compared with that in summer (P<0.05). Autumn was a risk factor (OR: 1.378; P=0.001) for BHR (using a PD20 <2 400 μg as BHR limit), while spring (OR: 1.330; P=0.021) and autumn (OR: 1.331; P=0.020) were risk factors for a more severe BHR (using a PD20 <400 μg as BHR limit). CONCLUSION: There was a higher probability of finding BHR in outpatients with suspected asthma in autumn and spring compared with summer. Spring is the season where BHR may be more severe. Females and overweight/obese subjects were those mainly involved in this seasonal variability of BHR.
Quasi-continuous current transformer converter and new associated ZVS structure

This paper presents a voltage changer optimized to multiply or to divide the input voltage by an integer factor of 2, 3, 4, . , with a very high efficiency. The paper first introduces a review of the quasi-continuous current transformer converter in a step by step fashion. The last step presents the full bidirectional zero voltage switching (ZVS) converter. The theoretical study demonstrates the way to achieve ZVS operation by only decreasing the value of the transformer magnetizing inductance. ZVS conditions (developed in the paper) lead to an interesting way to control the converter, and a discrete variable frequency control is proposed. Allowing triangular current in the transformer leads to ZVS in the expanse of higher root-mean-square (RMS) current. The evaluation of this current is also carried out in the theoretical study. An experimental implementation shows an efficiency higher than 97.5% and confirms the accuracy of the theoretical study.
İMKB'de Sürü Davranışı: Yatay Kesit Değişkenlik Temelinde Bir Araştırma

Suru davranisi, dahil olunan grubun etkisi ile fikirlerin revize edilerek grup ile ayni yonde karar verilmesi durumudur. Sermaye piyasalarinda suru davranisina iliskin literaturde, yatirimcilarin suru davranisi gosterdiklerini ileri suren bircok calismaya karsin tersini ortaya koyan calismalar da mevcuttur. Bu calismada IMKB’de suru davranisi, Christie ve Huang (1995) ve Chang, Cheng ve Khorana’nin (2000) yatay kesit degiskenlige dayali yontemi ile test edilmis ve suru davranisinin varligina dair kanitlara ulasilamamistir
Analysis of bacterial communities in Nannochloropsis sp. cultures used for larval fish production

Phytoplankton used in fish hatcheries is mass-cultured in the open air and usually contains large numbers of bacteria. In commercial fish production, the phytoplankton cultures are usually added into the larval rearing tanks; however, the numbers and types of bacteria introduced into the rearing tanks simultaneously are unknown. In this study, the bacterial community structures in Nannochloropsis sp. cultures were analyzed by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A direct viable count (DVC)-FISH analysis was also performed as DVC is useful for the detection of actively growing cells. Total numbers of bacteria in Nannochloropsis sp. cultures ranged from 7.72×105-2.39×106 cells/mL. High proportions of the total bacteria (31.6–53.6%) in the Nannochloropsis sp. cultures showed growth potential. DVC-FISH analysis revealed that α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were abundant in the bacterial community of actively growing cells. Thus, the high growth potentials of the distinct bacterial communities in Nannochloropsis sp. culture must influence the bacterial communities in larval rearing tanks.
A partial differential equation-based general framework adapted to Rayleigh's, Rician's and Gaussian's distributed noise for restoration and enhancement of magnetic resonance image

The proposed framework is obtained by casting the noise removal problem into a variational framework. This framework automatically identifies the various types of noise present in the magnetic resonance image and filters them by choosing an appropriate filter. This filter includes two terms: the first term is a data likelihood term and the second term is a prior function. The first term is obtained by minimizing the negative log likelihood of the corresponding probability density functions: Gaussian or Rayleigh or Rician. Further, due to the ill-posedness of the likelihood term, a prior function is needed. This paper examines three partial differential equation based priors which include total variation based prior, anisotropic diffusion based prior, and a complex diffusion (CD) based prior. A regularization parameter is used to balance the trade-off between data fidelity term and prior. The finite difference scheme is used for discretization of the proposed method. The performance analysis and comparative study of the proposed method with other standard methods is presented for brain web dataset at varying noise levels in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, structure similarity index map, and correlation parameter. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed framework with CD based prior is performing better in comparison to other priors in consideration.
BDNF increases the early expression of TRH mRNA in fetal TrkB+ hypothalamic neurons in primary culture

Known effects of neurotrophins in the developing central nervous system include induction or regulation of peptide expression. Hypothalamic postmitotic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐producing neurons may require neurotrophins for survival and/or differentiation. This issue was investigated using primary cell cultures derived from 17‐day‐old fetal rat hypothalamus seeded in serum‐free medium and analysed up to 4 days in vitro culture. Neurotrophin receptor (TrkB and TrkC) mRNA expression was detected by RT–PCR in fetal hypothalamus and throughout the culture period. Western blots confirmed the expression of the full‐length proteins in vitro. Semi‐quantitative RT–PCR showed that the addition of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases TRH mRNA levels while the addition of neurotrophin‐3 does not. TRH cell content was not modified. Studies on the effect of cell density or homologous conditioned medium demonstrated that endogenous factors probably contribute to determine TRH mRNA levels. One of these factors was BDNF because basal TRH mRNA levels were reduced by the addition of a Trk inhibitor or anti‐BDNF. TrkB mRNA was expressed in 27% of cells and TRH mRNA in 2% of cells. The number of TRH+ cells was not affected by BDNF treatment. Forty‐eight per cent of TRH neurons contained TrkB mRNA; these neurons had higher amounts of TRH mRNA than TrkB– neurons. Only TrkB+ cells responded to BDNF by increasing their TRH mRNA levels suggesting that BDNF may directly affect TRH biosynthesis. In conclusion, fetal hypothalamic TRH neurons are probably heterogeneous in regard to the neurotrophic factors enhancing peptide and mRNA levels. BDNF enhances TRH mRNA levels in a population of TrkB+ fetal hypothalamic TRHergic neurons in primary culture. However, additional influences may be necessary for the establishment of peptide phenotype in the TrkB+ neurons.
Why Firms Spend the Way They Do on Individual Functions: A Proposed Multi-Layer Theoretical Framework to Explain Marketing Spending Levels

Functional efforts cannot succeed and firm performance will not reach their objectives without proper spending levels. A diverse range of theories have been employed to explain such spending on individual functions, but less focus has been on attempting to account for these theories in a single framework. A literature review across different fields of business and 20 managerial interviews were conducted to develop a 4-level conceptual framework to integrate such diverse theories. Primarily focusing on marketing, and employing both primary data collected by the author and secondary data the author merged from five secondary datasets, the results show that resource dependency theory appears to be the most powerful theory in explaining individual functional spending levels while institutional and contingency theories are also important to include and should act as moderators between RDT and individual functional spending. Theoretical and managerial implications of the conceptual model and its empirical results are further discussed.
Description of Psathyromyia (Psathyromyia) baratai sp. n. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) From Cantareira State Park, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract The Shannoni complex consists of a group of sand fly species included in the subgenus Psathyromyia (Psathyromyia) Barretto, 1962, in which the females have banana-shaped spermathecae and the males have terminalia with digitiform parameres. The species included in the complex present morphological similarity, mainly among the females, and the males contribute most clearly to species differentiation. We describe a new species in the Shannoni complex, Psathyromyia baratai sp. n. , on the basis of morphological and morphometric characters, a species which due to its great morphological similarity with Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia limai, and Psathyromyia shannoni has been erroneously identified with one or other of them for >60 yr.