Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signal Transmission With Long Cable for Design of PET Detector for Hybrid PET-MRI

Recently, we reported a hybrid positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) approach involving the transmission of a photo-sensor charge signal to a preamplifier using a long cable. However, in this application, pulse distortions may degrade the performance of the PET detector. The purpose of this study is to further extend the charge signal transmission (CST) approach and to design a PET detector module capable of transmitting the photo-sensor charge signal to PET electronics remotely located outside the MRI room for the hybrid PET-MRI. To achieve this, we developed a pulse restoration circuit (PRC) compensating the performance degradations caused by using the long cable from Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GAPD) to PET electronics. The effect of the cable length on the PET detector performance was examined using different lengths of flexible flat cable ranging from 0 to 21 m. Rise time, fall time and amplitude of the GAPD output were measured as a function of the cable length. Photopeak position, energy resolution and time resolution were also measured using a 100 MS/s data acquisition unit. PRC based on the filtering and shaping networks consisted of amplitude, and rise and fall restorations. The amplitude restoration was designed using op-amp and resistors. The rise time-fall time restoration was designed using RC shaping filter. The measured pulse shapes passing through the long cable with PRC were similar to the output of GAPD with the cable length of 0 m (amplitude 169 mV, rise time 35 ns and fall time 210 ns), and the degrading PET detector performance caused by long cable were restored (energy resolution 16%, photopeak position 400 ch and time resolution 1.3 ns). There were no significant changes in the PET detector module performance using the CST approach with PRC as a function of the cable length, both outside and inside the MRI room. There were no obvious artifacts or changes in the MR phantom images. These results show that the proposed approach using extended charge signal transmission method with long cable and simple pulse restoration circuit is reliable and useful for the development of a hybrid PET-MRI system.
Phase III Study of Surgery Versus Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Boost in Patients With Resectable Stage IIIA(N2) and Selected IIIB Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Induction Chemotherapy and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (ESPATUE).

PURPOSE Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without surgery are options for stage IIIA(N2) non-small-cell lung cancer. Our previous phase II study had shown the efficacy of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy and surgery in patients with IIIA(N2) disease and with selected IIIB disease. Here, we compared surgery with definitive chemoradiotherapy in resectable stage III disease after induction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with pathologically proven IIIA(N2) and selected patients with IIIB disease that had medical/functional operability received induction chemotherapy, which consisted of three cycles of cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 21 days, as well as concurrent chemoradiotherapy to 45 Gy given as 1.5 Gy twice daily, concurrent cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) on days 2 and 9, and concurrent vinorelbine 20 mg/m(2) on days 2 and 9. Those patients whose tumors were reevaluated and deemed resectable in the last week of radiotherapy were randomly assigned to receive a chemoradiotherapy boost that was risk adapted to between 65 and 71 Gy in arm A or to undergo surgery (arm B). The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS After 246 of 500 planned patients were enrolled, the trial was closed after the second scheduled interim analysis because of slow accrual and the end of funding, which left the study underpowered relative to its primary study end point. Seventy-five patients had stage IIIA disease and 171 had stage IIIB disease according to the Union for International Cancer Control TNM classification, sixth edition. The median age was 59 years (range, 33 to 74 years). After induction, 161 (65.4%) of 246 patients with resectable tumors were randomly assigned; strata were tumor-node group, prophylactic cranial irradiation policy, and region. Patient characteristics were balanced between arms, in which 81 were assigned to surgery and 80 were assigned to a chemoradiotherapy boost. In arm B, 81% underwent R0 resection. With a median follow-up after random assignment of 78 months, 5-year OS and progression-free survival (PFS) did not differ between arms. Results were OS rates of 44% for arm B and 40% for arm A (log-rank P = .34) and PFS rates of 32% for arm B and 35% for arm A (log-rank P = .75). OS at 5 years was 34.1% (95% CI, 27.6% to 40.8%) in all 246 patients, and 216 patients (87.8%) received definitive local treatment. CONCLUSION The 5-year OS and PFS rates in randomly assigned patients with resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer were excellent with both treatments. Both are acceptable strategies for this good-prognosis group.
Evaluation of the flywheel potential for providing regulation service in California

Flywheel energy storage can provide ancillary services including regulation and frequency response to power grids. This study presents the technical characteristics, modeling approach, methodologies, and results for providing regulation services in the California Independent System Operator market. Breakeven cost analyses were developed for two cases: 1) the flywheel provides the regulation service alone and 2) the flywheel provides the regulation service aggregated together with a hydro power plant. For both cases, two payment methods were evaluated: pay-by-energy and pay-by-capacity. Based on the results of the technical and cost analyses, the opportunities for providing regulation services are discussed, field test results for the flywheel's physical characteristics are presented, and performance metrics to evaluate the flywheel's capability to provide the regulation services are proposed and evaluated.
Modulating effect of plant flavonoids on the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

Tests have been carried out with several plant flavonoids to detect their ability to suppress mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 NR induced by the direct-acting carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Among the most effective flavonoids are the isoflavone, biochanin A, the flavanone glycoside, naringin, and its aglycone, naringenin, and several flavonols, e.g. morin, fisetin, kaempferol, gossypetin and quercetin, including a flavonol glycoside, rutin. In particular, naringin possesses exceptional antimutagenic activity, in as much as, less than half the equimolar amount can reduce the mutagenic potency of this carcinogen by 50%. These flavonoids appear to act either by preventing passage of the carcinogen into bacterial cells or by altering some cellular processes.
A ubiquitin ligase complex essential for the NF-kappaB, Wnt/Wingless, and Hedgehog signaling pathways.

Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by the proteasome plays an essential role in a number of key biological processes, including cell cycle progression, transcription, and signal transduction (for review, see Peters et al. 1998). In many cases the target protein is first marked for degradation or processing by phosphorylation. The phosphorylated protein is then recognized and ubiquitinated in a process that requires three proteins (Hershko et al. 1983; for review, see Hershko 1998; Peters et al. 1998). Ubiquitin is first attached to a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) in an ATP-dependent reaction to form a highenergy thiolester bond. The ubiquitin is then transferred from the E1 protein to an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, which functions in conjunction with an E3 protein to link ubiquitin to lysine residues in the targeted protein. A specific lysine residue in the conjugated ubiquitin is then attached to a second ubiquitin, and reiteration of this process results in the assembly of a polyubiquitin chain. The polyubiquitinated protein can then be recognized by the 26S proteasome and degraded or processed.
InfraRad : A Radio-Optical Beaconing Approach for Accurate Indoor Localization

Accurate indoor localization is a big driving force for many human-centric applications. Over the years, various approaches have been exercised, but still not converged to a common technique ready for commercial usage everywhere due to the energy, size or cost constraints. We present the InfraRad system that uses a hybrid radio-optical technique to achieve high localization accuracy with low energy consumption.
Guided search through memory

ABSTRACT In “hybrid” search, observers search a visual display for any of several targets held in memory. It is known that the contents of the memory set can guide visual search (e.g., if the memorized targets are all animals, visual attention can be guided away from signs). It is not known if the visual display can guide memory search (e.g., if the memory set is composed of signs and animals, can a visual display of signs restrict memory search to just the signs? ). In three hybrid search experiments, participants memorized sets of items that belonged to either one or several categories. Participants were then presented with visual displays containing multiple items, also drawn from one or several categories. Participants were asked to determine if any of the items from their current memory set were present in the visual display. We replicate the finding that visual search can be guided by the contents of memory. We find weaker, novel evidence that memory search can be guided by the contents of the visual display.
Coordinated secretion of alkaline phosphatase into serum and intestine in fat-fed rats.

BACKGROUND Fat feeding increases the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the serum. The mechanism underlying this increase is unknown. Surfactant-like particles (SLP) secreted by enterocytes have been implicated in this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of feeding fish oil and protein synthesis inhibitors on alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and in different intestinal fractions. METHODS Male albino rats were fed 2 mL of fish oil and were injected cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined in the serum and intestinal fractions (SLP, mucosa, muscularis). RESULT Feeding fish oil significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase activity in serum (p< 0.001) and intestinal mucosa (p< 0.01). Administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity in serum (p< 0.01) and in intestinal mucosa (p< 0.05). BCIP staining of brush border alkaline phosphatase activity in acrylamide gels yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a co-ordination between alkaline phosphatase synthesis and its assembly into lipoprotein vesicles, such as SLP, secreted by enterocytes in response to fat feeding.
Hemodynamic Deterioration Following Radiofrequency Ablation of the Atrioventricular Conduction System

Radiofrequeucy ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system (ACS) has become an estoblished theTapy for patients with drug refroctory atrial fibrillation. We observed eight patients with hemodynamic deterioration ofteT radiofrequency oblotion of the otTioventTicular conduction system. As we found hemodynamic deterioration related to worsening mitral regurgitation, we compared the clinical history, eiectrophysiologicai, ond echocardiographic dato from the patients with hemodynamic deteriorotion and worsening mitral regurgitation (group 1) to those without hemodynamic deterioration and stable mitral regurgitation after the procedure (group 2). Eight out of 108 patients (7.4%) undergoing ablation of the ACS deteriorated hemodynamically with acute pulmonary edema in three and congestive heart failure in five patients occurring at a mean of 3 and 8 weeks, respectively, after the procedure. Three of these patients were referred for mitral valve surgery. Two patients underwent ablation using a left‐sided approach. A right‐sided approach was used in five patients. In one patient, a left‐ and right‐sided approach was used. Compared to group 2 patients, group 1 patients had significantly higher left ventricular end‐diastolic diameters (64 ± 6 mm vs 56 ± 9 mm) at baseline despite similar fractional shortening (32%± Il% vs 34%± 13%), left ventricular end‐systolic diameters (43 ± 9 mm vs36 ± 7 mm) and degree of mitral regurgitation (1.4 ± 1.1 vs 1.4 ±0.7) on echocardiographic analysis. Thus, hemodynamic deterioration together with progression of mitral regurgitation is a potential complication of ablation of the ACS (up to 7.4%). Patients with high left ventricular end‐diastolic diameters ond moderate mitral regurgitation at baseline seem prone to this complication.
Treatment of landfill leachate by immobilized Ganoderma australe and crude enzyme

Landfill leachate is a complex environmental problem. Here, we used immobilized Ganoderma australe and crude enzyme to treat landfill leachate. The treatment by immobilized G. australe achieved 50% and 32% removals for leachate BOD5 and COD, respectively. Totals of 58%, 57%, and 62% of BOD, COD, and NH3-N percentage removal were obtained when the leachate previously treated with immobilized G. australe was continuously treated with crude enzymes. Using a continuous treatment with crude enzymes achieves higher percentages of COD and NH3-N removal.
Underutilized Ultrasound Applications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract Bedside duplex/color Doppler sonography is used for a wide gamut of abnormalities encountered in the neonatal intensive care unit. This article emphasizes the use of bedside sonography for evaluation of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, infants requiring line placement, and those in whom a diaphragmatic abnormality is suspected. Although the assessment of those infants requires excellent operator skills, learning to do so is a definite benefit to these babies who would otherwise be exposed to ionizing radiation.
Risk Limiting Dispatch

Risk Limiting Dispatch (RLD) is a new framework that integrates complex inputs and allows decision makers to balance tradeoffs and quantify benefits from increased flexibility and improved forecasting. This paper describes a process of forward-contracting for production capacity while considering the full range of operational uncertainties in generation, demand, forecasts, prices, and the risks of unmet demand or excess generation in real time. RLD accounts for reducing uncertainty, increasing costs, and the opportunity for corrective action at future decision points as one approaches that moment. The stochastic formulation of RLD integrates multiple uncertainties into a unified framework and accepts all kinds of probability distributions. This dynamic optimization approach is comprehensive and considers the flexibility of recourse actions taken at later decision stages, when updated information and improved forecasts become available. For instance, Smart Grid sensor data can be used to update the conditional probability distributions in the formulation. A reliability constraint is accommodated directly in terms of the power balance between supply and demand in real time. Alternative quantitative measures of the risk of power imbalance can be incorporated. For example, optimization can be conducted under the requirement that the risk of power imbalance in real time should be less than 0.1% (or any number).
GGD 27: X-RAYS FROM A MASSIVE PROTOSTAR WITH AN OUTFLOW

We report the discovery of a cluster of Class I protostars in GGD 27. One of these protostars is the previously known, centrally located, GGD 27-ILL, which powers a massive bipolar outflow. We show that GGD 27-ILL, which is known to be the bright infrared (IR) source, IRAS 18162–2048, and a compact radio continuum source, is also the newly discovered hard X-ray source, GGD 27-X. The observations were made with the ACIS instrument on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The X-rays from GGD 27-X are variable when compared with 4 years earlier, with an unabsorbed 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity in this observation of 1.5–12 × 1031 erg s−1 and a plasma temperature of ≥ 107 K. The X-rays are probably associated with the underlying B0 star (rather than outflowing material), providing a rare glimpse in hard X-rays of an optically obscured massive protostar with an outflow. The X-ray luminosity and spectrum appear to be consistent with stars of its type in other star formation regions. Several other variable X-ray sources are also detected in the IR cluster that contains GGD 27-X. We also discuss another nearby cluster. In each of the clusters there is an object that is X-ray hard, highly absorbed at low energies, in a blank optical/IR/radio field, and variable in X-ray intensity by a factor of ≥ 10 on a timescale of 4 years. These latter objects may arise from more recent episodes of star formation or may be “hidden” Class III sources.
Disseminated tuberculosis in relatively asymptomatic young woman

A previously healthy 20-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a history of one episode of generalised tonic–clonic seizure. No history of fever or constitutional symptoms. At admission, she was haemodynamically stable and Glasgow Coma Scale was 8, with no focal neurological deficits. For the workup of seizures, MRI brain (figure 1) was done which revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in bilateral temporal, frontal and right parietal lobes. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed normal cell count with high protein (84 mg/dL) and normal glucose levels (43 mg/dL), and high adenosine deaminase (9.3 U/L) level. Chest X-ray showed (figure 2A) miliary mottling which was confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) chest (figure 2B and C). CECT abdomen (figure 3A and B) revealed thick-walled multiloculated collection (7.3×8.4×14.2 cm) with thick internal septations in the left lumbar and iliac fossa region. …
Organization of GABAA receptor α‐subunit clustering in the developing rat neocortex and hippocampus

We compared the expression and co‐expression of α1, α2, α3, and α5‐subunit protein clusters of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor in the neocortex and hippocampus of rat at postnatal days (PND) 5–10 and 30–40 in order to understand how inhibitory receptors reorganize during brain maturation. The size, intensity, density and pattern of co‐localization of fluorescently tagged subunit clusters were determined in deconvolved digital images using a novel 2D cross‐correlational analysis. The cross‐correlation analysis allowed an unbiased identification of GABAA receptor subunit clusters based on staining intensity. Cluster size increased through development; only the α2 clusters in dentate gyrus (DG) decreased in size. α5‐subunit cluster density either increased or decreased with maturation depending on the brain region. For the other subunits, the cluster density remained rather constant, with noted exceptions (increase in α2 clusters in cortical layer 5 but a decrease of α3 clusters in hilus). The co‐localization of α1‐subunit with the others was unique and not correlated to overall changes in subunit abundance between developmental époques. So, although α2‐subunit expression went up in the DG, the clusters became less co‐localized with α1. In contrast, α5‐subunit clusters became more co‐localized with α1 as the α5‐subunit expression declined in cortex and CA1. The co‐localization of α3 with α1 also became greater in layer 6. In the adult brain not all clustering was associated with synapses, as many α‐subunit clusters did not co‐localize with synaptophysin. Overall, these data indicate that the regulation of GABAA receptor clustering is both synaptic and extrasynaptic, presumably reflecting complex cellular trafficking mechanisms.
Patterns and predictors of proton pump inhibitor overuse among academic and non-academic hospitalists.

OBJECTIVE In the hospital setting, several studies have reported proton pump inhibitor (PPI) overuse, a majority of which is continued after discharge. In addition to being expensive, PPIs are associated with an increased risk of infections, osteoporosis and serious drug interactions. We examined the trends and predictors of PPI guidelines non-compliance among academic and non-academic hospitalists in USA. METHODS AND PATIENTS Oral PPI prescriptions initiated by 2 academic and 2 non-academic hospitalist groups were reviewed. Prescription indications were recorded when explicitly stated in the chart. Otherwise, qualified physicians reviewed the chart to make such determination. Indications were then compared to the published guidelines. Several variables were tested to determine independent predictors of initiation and post discharge continuation of guideline non-compliant prescriptions. RESULTS Of the 400 PPI prescriptions 39% were guideline compliant. Academic hospitalists were significantly more compliant with PPI prescription guidelines (50 vs 29%). Gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding prophylaxis (GIP) for low risk patients was the most common indication for non-compliant prescriptions, while that of guideline compliant prescriptions was dyspepsia treatment. Independent predictors of the initiation of guideline non-compliant prescriptions were non-academic hospitalist group, PPI indication not documented in the chart, and GIP as part of the admission orderset. The latter was an independent predictor of those prescriptions continuation post-discharge (protective) in addition to non-academic hospitalists group. CONCLUSION Hospitalists overprescribe PPI to a level comparable to that of the non-hospitalist providers in the literature. Understanding the determinants of increased compliance among academic groups is instrumental to design interventions aimed at increasing PPI prescription compliance.
Uterine natural killer cells: a specialized differentiation regulated by ovarian hormones

Summary: In adult females of many species, a transient population of natural killer (NK) cells appears in cycles within the uterine endometrium (lining). Appearance of these lymphocytes coincides with specific phases of the ovarian hormone cycle and/or early pregnancy. Studies in rodents, women, and pigs dominate the literature and suggest the uterine (u)NK cells are an activated subset sharing many but not all features with circulating or lymphoid organ‐residing NK cells. During successful murine pregnancy, uNK cells appear to regulate initiation of structural changes in the feed arterial systems that support maternal endometrial tissue at sites of implantation and subsequent placental development. These changes, which reverse after pregnancy, create a higher volume arterial bed with flaccid vessels unresponsive to vasoactive compounds. These unique pregnancy‐associated arterial changes elevate the volume of low‐pressure, nutrient‐rich, maternal arterial blood available to conceptuses. Regulation of the differentiation, activation, and functions of uNK cells is only partially known, and there is lively debate regarding whether and how uNK cells participate in infertility or spontaneous abortion. This review highlights the biology of uNK cells during successful pregnancy.