Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Authorization using Implicit Password

: - In this paper, we introduce a Authorization Scheme for banking by using implicit password. As we know graphical password scheme suffered from shoulder-surfing and screen dump attacks. As we know for banking security is is the first line of defence against compromising confidentiality and integrity. Simply the username and password schemes are easy to implement. But that traditional scheme have been subjected to several attacks. Token and biometric based authentication systems were introduced for alternative to traditional scheme. However, they have not improved substantially to justify the investment.
Distribución espacial de criaderos positivos y potenciales de Aedes aegypti

Introduction: The spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti is heterogeneous, and the interaction between positive and potential breeding sites located both inside and outside homes is one of the most difficult aspects to characterize in vector control programs. Objective: To describe the spatial relationship between potential and positive breeding sites of A. aegypti inside and outside homes in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted an entomological survey to collect data from both indoor and outdoor breeding sites. The exploratory analysis of spatial data included location, spatial trends, local spatial autocorrelation, spatial continuity and spatial correlation of positive and potential breeding sites according to habitat. Results: Spatial trends were identified, as well as clusters of potential and positive breeding sites outdoors using local spatial autocorrelation analysis. A positive correlation was found between potential and positive breeding sites, and a negative correlation existed between indoor and outdoor sites. Conclusions: The spatial relationship between positive and potential A. aegypti breeding sites both indoors and outdoors is dynamic and highly sensitive to the characteristics of each territory. Knowing how positive and potential breeding sites are distributed contributes to the prioritization of resources and actions in vector control programs.
An Early Devonian permineralized rhyniopsid from the Battery Point Formation of Gaspé (Canada)

The Emsian deposits of the Battery Point Formation (GaspéCanada) host the most diverse Early Devonian flora in North America. While most of this diversity has been described from plant compressions, the permineralized component of the flora is incompletely explored. Based on >15 axes studied in serial sections, we describe a new anatomically preserved rhyniopsid from the Battery Point Formation, Eddianna gaspiana gen. & sp. nov. Eddianna axes are up to 2 mm in diameter and have a well-developed terete xylem strand with potential centrarch maturation (comprising 80% of the cross sectional surface area) that features Sennicaulis-type tracheid wall thickenings. A thin layer interpreted as phloem is preserved around the central xylem and an irregular sclerenchymatous cortex forms longitudinal anastomosing ridges on the outside of the axes. The anatomy of Eddianna axes suggests that they represent lower portions, specialized in efficient water transfer, of a larger plant whose distal regions have yet to be discovered. Eddianna, the first permineralized rhyniopsid described from the Battery Point Formation, is one of only four anatomically preserved plants reported from this unit. These fossils reiterate the potential for additional discoveries of anatomically preserved plants in the Battery Point Formation.
Semi-automatic technique for segmentation of the prostate from 2D ultrasound images

The segmentation technique is based on a deformable model that changes shape to fit the boundary of an object. Key to the success of the approach is the careful initialization of the contour, which requires the user to select only four points on the prostate boundary. Anatomic data and cubic interpolation are used to obtain an accurate estimate of the boundary. Gradient direction information is used during deformation to keep the contour from being attracted to extraneous boundaries.
Metabolism constrains bird and mammal ranges and predicts shifts in response to climate change

Aim We test whether physiological constraints on maximum metabolic rate and the factor by which endotherms can elevate their metabolism (metabolic expansibility) govern cold range limits for mammal and bird species. Location Global Methods We examine metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary (MEcrb) and its trait predictors and then use MEcrb to project range shifts for 210 mammal and 61 bird species. Results We find evidence for metabolic constraints: the distributions of metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary peak at similar values for birds (2.7) and mammals (3.2). The right skewed distributions suggest some species have adapted to elevate or evade metabolic constraints. Mammals exhibit greater skew than birds, consistent with their diverse thermoregulatory adaptations and behaviors. Mammal and bird species that are small and occupy low trophic levels exhibit high levels of MEcrb. Mammals with high MEcrb tend to hibernate or use torpor. Predicted metabolic rates at the cold range boundaries represent large energetic expenditures (>50% of maximum metabolic rates). We project species to shift their cold range boundaries poleward by an average of 3.9° latitude by 2070. Main conclusions Our analysis suggests that metabolic constraints provide a viable mechanism for projecting cold range boundaries and range shifts in response to climate change for endotherms.
Crystal structure of the human sigma 1 receptor.

The human [sigma]1 receptor is an enigmatic endoplasmic-reticulum-resident transmembrane protein implicated in a variety of disorders including depression, drug addiction, and neuropathic pain 1. Recently, an additional connection to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has emerged from studies of human genetics and mouse models 2. Unlike many transmembrane receptors that belong to large, extensively studied families such as G-protein-coupled receptors or ligand-gated ion channels, the [sigma]1 receptor is an evolutionary isolate with no discernible similarity to any other human protein. Despite its increasingly clear importance in human physiology and disease, the molecular architecture of the [sigma]1 receptor and its regulation by drug-like compounds remain poorly defined. Here we report crystal structures of the human [sigma]1 receptor in complex with two chemically divergent ligands, PD144418 and 4-IBP. The structures reveal a trimeric architecture with a single transmembrane domain in each protomer. The carboxy-terminal domain of the receptor shows an extensive flat, hydrophobic membrane-proximal surface, suggesting an intimate association with the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in cells. This domain includes a cupin-like [beta]-barrel with the ligand-binding site buried at its centre. This large, hydrophobic ligand-binding cavity shows remarkable plasticity in ligand recognition, binding the two ligands in similar positions despite dissimilar chemical structures. Taken together, these results reveal the overall architecture, oligomerization state, and molecular basis for ligand recognition by this important but poorly understood protein.
A dynamic neural field model of word learning

Word learning is a complex phenomenon because it is tied to many different behaviors that are linked to multiple perceptual and cognitive systems. Further, recent research suggests that the course of word learning builds from effects at the level of individual referent selection or noun generalization decisions that accumulate on a moment-to-moment timescale and structure subsequent word learning behaviors. Thus, what is needed for any unified theory of word learning is 1) an account of how individual decisions are made across different contexts, including the details of how objects are encoded, represented, and selected in the course of a word learning behavior; and 2) a mechanism that builds on these individual, contextually specific decisions. Here, the authors present a Dynamic Neural Field (DNF) Model that captures processes at both the second-to-second and developmental timescales and provides a process-based account of how individual behaviors accumulate to create development. Simulations illustrate how the model captures multiple word learning behaviors such as comprehension, production, novel noun generalization (in yes/no or forced choice tasks), referent selection, and learning of hierarchical nominal categories. They also discuss how the model ties developments in these tasks to developments in object perception, working memory, and the representation and tracking of objects in space. Finally, the authors review empirical work testing novel predictions of the model regarding the roles of competition and selection in forced-choice and yes/no generalization tasks and the role of space in early name-object binding.
Seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BoHV-1) in breeding bulls in Northeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is well recognized as a pathogen that infects the respiratory and reproductive tracts. This study is a serological investigation of BoHV-1 in breeding bulls at 1–5 years of age from small scale family operations in three Northeastern Anatolian provinces (Kars, Ardahan and Igdir) in Turkey. For this purpose, blood was collected from 250 breeding bulls and was tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 using the virus neutralization technique. Out of 250 blood sera samples tested, 110 (44.00%) were detected as positive against to BoHV-1 and antibody titres were found to be varied between 1/2- 1/64. Among the controlled regions, the highest seroprevalance of BoHV-1 infection was found in Kars (64.81%) followed by Ardahan (30.00%) and Igdir (26.82%) provinces. The results suggested that the infection was spreading in breeding bulls in small scale family operations. This study is the first serological study to determine seroprevalence of BoHV-1 infection in breeding bulls in North-eastern Anatolia region.
Planning for active participation in mathematics: promoting democratic practices in mathematics classrooms.

We believe students’ participation in school activities should be democratic and that this can best be achieved by planning for ‘authentic’ mathematical activity, which is characterised by the way in which students and their teachers work together mathematically. Students have the opportunity “to pose their own problems, make their own conjectures and discoveries, to be wrong, to be creatively frustrated, to have an inspiration, and to cobble together their own explanations and proofs” and to engage in mathematics as “art of explanation” (Lockhart, 2008, p.5). We make use of 'Big Ideas' as a tool for shifting the object of activity in the mathematics classroom to participation in authentic mathematical activity. This report draws on data from an EU sponsored research project, ‘Awareness of Big Ideas in Mathematics Classrooms’, and a small scale follow-up project with Secondary Mathematics PCGE students at London South Bank University.
The Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Vegetable Diets on Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Zucker Rats.

Consumption of highly colored fruits and vegetables rich in anthocyanins has been associated with numerous health benefits. Purple carrots (PC) and purple potatoes (PP) have higher anthocyanin concentrations and higher biological activities compared with less pigmented cultivars. We hypothesized that substitution of the majority of carbohydrate in a high fat diet with PP or PC, for 8 weeks, would improve insulin resistance and hypertension, major components of metabolic syndrome, compared with orange carrots (OC), white potatoes (WP) or a control, high fat, sucrose-rich diet (HFD) in obese Zucker rats. After 8 weeks of feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT), and invasive hemodynamic tests were performed. The PP group had better glucose tolerance compared with the WP and the HFD groups and higher insulin sensitivity as measured by the ipITT and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = .018) compared with the HFD without having any effect on blood pressure. The PC reduced left ventricular pressure compared with both the HFD (P = .01) and the OC (P = .049) groups and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with the HFD group (P = .01 and <.0001, respectively) without having any effect on glucose homeostasis. The PC animals consumed more and were more obese than other groups, possibly obscuring any benefit of this vegetable on glucose tolerance. The bioactives in the vegetables responsible for blood pressure and glucose homeostasis could be different, and their effects could be independent of each other. The specific bioactives of each vegetable and their molecular targets remain to be identified. Nonetheless, incorporation of purple vegetables in functional food products may provide metabolic/cardiovascular benefits in the background of a high-fat diet that promotes obesity.
The Processing of Conditional Inversion: A Reading Task Study, Part II *

This work concerns the on-line processing of the Conditional Inversion Construction (CI) in English. According to the traditional approach to the syntax of Conditional Inversion, this construction involves I-to-C Movement (Iatridou and Embick 1994), identical to the movement involved in Subject-Auxiliary Inversion. However, recent analyses of Conditional Inversion claim that this construction involves raising of I-to-C-to-X, the head of an XP projected above CP (Bjorkman 2011). Assuming that these steps of movement are costly processing-wise, the traditional approach predicts that Conditional Inversion and Subject Auxiliary Inversion are equally costly with regard to their non-inverted structures, while the contemporary analysis predicts that Conditional Inversion is more costly than Subject Auxiliary Inversion with regard to their non-inverted structures. In order to investigate these predictions, we conduct a Self-Paced Reading Task experiment with seven monolingual-English speakers. Subjects are presented with one hundred sentences: fifty experimental and fifty fillers; half of the experimental sentences include CI and the other half includes SAI Constructions. After half of the total sentences, subjects are presented with a comprehension question. Reading times for each sentence are recorded. The result of a paired samples t-test revealed a significant difference in reading times between sentences with CI (M=64.95, SD=22.27) and SAI (M=34.28, SD=5.83), t(7)=4.821, p<0.003. For reading times per character, the difference is . 003, which is significant. Assuming that “reading times are reflective of processing difficulty” (Levelt 1989; Rayner and Sereno 1994), the shorter processing time involved in computing SAI as contrasted with CI provides support for the claim that CI involves a more complex operation, which is predicted by Bjorkman’s I-to-C-to-X Analysis.
Rekonstruksi Gambar Sinyal EKG dari Gambar Digital 2 Dimensi Menjadi Grafik Sinyal EKG 1 Dimensi

Intisari--- Elektrokardiografi (EKG) merupakan alat penting yang dapat mencetak hasil kerja jantung manusia dalam bentuk sinyal pada lembaran-lembaran kertas. Hasil printout EKG kemudian digunakan para dokter dalam memperlajari kondisi kesehatan jantung manusia. Kerumitan dalam pembacaan dan efesiensi penyimpanan berkas rekam EKG secara manual menarik perhatian para peneliti untuk melakukan digitalisasi kertas EKG. Diharapkan digitalisasi sinyal ekg dapat membantu mempermudah dokter dan para calon dokter dalam membaca, mengidentifikasi penyakit, dan menyimpan rekam medis pasien penyakit jantung. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat sebuah sistem perangkat lunak yang dapat melakukan digitalisasi sinyal EKG pada lembar kertas EKG dengan memanfaatkan pengolahan citra sederhana menggunakan aplikasi Matlab. Pengolahan citra sederhana adalah kontras dan brightness, grayscale, dan pengolahan data nilai menjadi grafik sinyal. Secara pengamatan, perangkat lunak yang dibuat dapat menghasilkan output berupa gambar grafik sinyal ekg yang sama persis dengan gambar sinyal pada kertas ekg yang asli. Kata kunci--- Elektrokardiografi (EKG), digitalisasi, pengolahan citra, kontras, brightness , rekonstruksi. Abstract --- Electrocardiography (ECG) is an important tool that can print the human heart’s work to papers. ECG paper used to identifing the human heart’s condition. Complexity of conventional ECG readings and storage ECG record are earn the attention of researchers to carry out rocord of ECG signal on the paper to digitalization. ECG signal digitization is expected to help doctor or medical student when reading, identifing heart disease, and storing medical records of heart disease patient. This study will create a software that can digitizing the ECG signal using a simple image processing with Matlab application software. The simple image processing is like contrast and brightness, grayscale, and processing data into a signal graphic. By observation, the system could created a graphic signal of ECG as same as the original signal image in the paper of ECG. Keywords --- Electrocardiograph (ECG), digitization, image processing, contrast, brightness, reconstruction.
Role of guard-cell ABA in determining maximal stomatal aperture and prompt vapor-pressure-deficit response

Abscisic acid (ABA) is known to be involved in stomatal closure. However, its role in stomatal response to rapid increases in the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is unclear. To study this issue, we generated guard cell (GC)-specific ABA-insensitive Arabidopsis plants (GC-specific abi1-1; GCabi). Under normal conditions, the stomatal conductance (gs) and apertures of GCabi plants were greater than those of control plants. This supports GC ABA role as limiting maximal stomatal aperture under non-stressful conditions. When there was a rapid increase in VPD (0.15 to 1 kPa), the gs and stomatal apertures of GCabi decreased in a manner similar that observed in the WT control, but different from that observed in WT plants treated with fusicoccin. Low VPD increased the size of the stomatal apertures of the WT, but not of GCabi. We conclude that GC ABA does not play a significant role in the initial, rapid stomatal closure that occurs in response to an increase in VPD, but is important for stomatal adaptation to ambient VPD. We propose a biphasic angiosperm VPD-sensing model that includes an initial passive-hydraulic, ABA-independent phase and a subsequent ABA-dependent steady-state phase in which stomatal behavior is optimized for ambient VPD conditions. Highlight Guard-cell ABA does not play a significant role in the immediate closure of stomata following an increase in the VPD, but is important for stomatal adaptation to ambient VPD.
Review Paper - Expressive Sentiment Analysis of Online Reviews

Now a days posting reviews on products is one of the popular way for expressing opinions and grievances toward the products brought or services received. By making Analysis of those number of reviews available would produce useful as well as actionable knowledge that could be of economic values to vendors and other interested parties. From this the problem of mining reviews for product and predicting the sales performance are tackled. Currently, there are many challenges in translating human affect into explicit representations. The current and sentiment analysis algorithms uses simple terms to express opinions about a product or particular service. But the cultural factors, traditional linguistic barriors and differing contexts make it extremely difficult to turn a string of written text into a simple pro or con sentiments. The research in the field started with sentiment and subjectivity classification, which treated the problem as a text classification problem. Sentiment classification classifies whether product reviews or sentence expresses a positive or negative opinion. Subjectivity classification determines whether a sentence is subjective or objective. Many real-life applications, however, require more detailed analysis because users often want to know the subject of opinions. The present work focuses on the categorization of a plain input text to inform a Text To Speech system about the most appropriate sentiment to automatically synthesize expressive speech at the sentence level. A new task in text sentiment analysis adds usefulness scoring to opinion extraction to improve ranking services of product reviews, in helping shoppers and vendors leverage information from multiple sources . In order to model the multifaceted nature of sentiments, the reviews and the sentiments behind them are viewed as an outcome of the joint contribution of a number of hidden factors, and propose a novel approach to sentiment mining based on Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, which is called Sentiment Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis. In addition to this reviews are also evaluated using Text To Speech System with other language and consider a temporal analysis for the evolution of conversation. Text-to-speech system converts normal language text into speech; other systems render symbolic linguistic representations like phonetic transcriptions into speech.
A Design Space Exploration of Binary-Tree-Decoder For Multi- Block- External-Memory-Controller in Multi-µc Embedded Soc Design

In any Micro-Controller Embedded System the whole memory is accessed by a single Micro-Controller. It uses only a fraction of memory and rest of the memory is wasted. In addition to this the only one Micro-Controller is executing all the given set of instructions or program. In our work we have designed a Multi-Block external memory & Binary-Tree-Decoder for a Multi-Micro-Controller Embedded System so that the complete memory is divided into more than one block (in our case it is 4) and it can be accessed independently by more than one Micro-Controller. This can be done in two ways one is static memory mapping mechanisim and dynamic memory mechanisim. In static memory mapping, the Micro-Controller is able to access only a particular block of memory to which it is mapped. While in the Dynamic memory mapping, any Micro-Controller can access any block of memory. Also, the different part program is executed by different Micro-Controller parallely, which results in to speed up the execution speed of the Multi-Microcontroller system. Current embedded applications are migrating from single processor-based systems to intensive data communication requiring multi-processing systems to fulfill the real time application demands. The performance demanded by these applications requires the use of multiprocessor architecture. For these types of multiprocessor systems there is a need for developing such memory mapping mechanism which can support high speed. For selected memory mapping mechanism what should be the decoding mechanism and the controller design that gives low-power consumption, high-speed, low- area system. Our alorithtim of Binary-Tree- Decoder improves the MMSOPC embedded system design. However the designing of Binary-Tree-Decoder alorithim (for 256K memory) has not been designed by any of researcher which is presented in this work.