Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caracterização físico-química de frutos de clones de doviális (Dovyalis abyssinica Warb)

The Dovyalis is an exotic fruit originated in Africa, reddish-orange color and high acidity. In Brazil it was propagated through seeds in Citrus Experimental Station Bebedouro SP, from a plant introduced from Florida-USA, by FCAV/UNESP being selected a plant produced fruits with lower acidity. This plant, called dovyalis 'Romana', is in full production, and has been vegetatively propagated. The objective was to evaluate the potential use of the fruits of dovyalis for the fresh fruit market or industry, considering its physical and physical-chemical characteristics. This preliminary study is unprecedented, because there are few studies use about the uses of the dovyalis in literature. The results showed that the acidity of the fruits of dovyalis 'Romana' (1.76 % citric acid) was significantly lower than those of the introduced plants (5.5 % citric acid). The fruits of dovyalis 'Romana' also had high ratio (7.55) and the pulp color tends to yellow-green (a*= 9.01, b*= 33.15), significantly different from the pulp of the introduced plant. In general, no significant differences in pulp yield (79 %), soluble solids (12 oBrix), transversal diameter (26 mm) and longitudinal diameter (23 mm). Thus, we suggest that the fruits of dovyalis Romana present ability to both natural market and production of sweets and juices. However, the fruits of the introduced plant, in concern of the high acidity and the attractive colour, are intended to the production of sweets and juices. The visual appearance of the fruit and flavor of the dovyalis 'Romana' open up potential markets for the diversification of commercial production of exotic fruits.
Model comparison and estimation of genetic parameters for body weight in commercial broilers

Maniatis, G. , Demiris, N. , Kranis, A. , Banos, G. and Kominakis, A. 2013. Model comparison and estimation of genetic parameters for body weight in commercial broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 67-77. The availability of powerful computing and advances in algorithmic efficiency allow for the consideration of increasingly complex models. Consequently, the development and application of appropriate statistical procedures for model evaluation is becoming increasingly important. This paper is concerned with the application of an alternative model determination criterion (conditional Akaike Information Criterion, cAIC) in a large dataset comprising 203 323 body weights of broilers, pertaining to 7 (BW7) and 35 (BW35) days of age. Seven univariate and seven bivariate models were applied. Direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal environmental (c2) effects were estimated via REML. The model evaluation criteria included conditional Akaike Information Criterion (cAIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and the standard Akaike Information Criterion (henceforth marginal; mAIC). According to cAIC the best-fitting model included direct genetic, maternal genetic and c2 effects. Maternal heritabilities were low (0.10 and 0.03) compared to the direct heritabilities (0.17 and 0.21), while c2 was 0.05 and 0.04 for BW7 and BW35, respectively. BIC and mAIC favoured a model that additionally included a direct-maternal genetic covariance, resulting in highly negative direct-maternal genetic correlations (-0.47 and -0.64 for BW7 and BW35, respectively) and higher direct heritabilities (0.25 and 0.28 for BW7 and BW35, respectively). Results suggest that cAIC can select different animal models than mAIC and BIC with different biological properties.
The Occurrence and Morphology of Tyloses and Gums in the Vessels of Japanese Hardwoods

The occurrence and morphology of natural tyloses and gums in the vessels of 50 Japanese hardwoods (15 ring-, 34 diffuseand 1 radial-porous woods) were investigated using SEM. Tyloses were present exclusively or predominantly in 23 species (12 ring-, 10 diffuse- and 1 radial-porous woods) and gums in 15 species (3 ring- and 12 diffuse-porous woods). In the pore zones of most of the ringporous woods both tyloses and gums first occurred in an earlier ring number from the bark than in the diffNse- and radial-porous woods. Tyloses and gums originated from both ray and axial parenchyma cells in most species which have pit pairs connecting these cells to the vessels. Except for four species, the maximum and minimum diameters of the inner pit aperture from vessels to parenchyma cells were greater than 5 and 2 µm, respectively, in those species with tyloses, whereas the diameters were less than these values in species having gums. The forms of tylosis blockings in heartwood vessels were closely related to parenchyma patterns.
Statistical modelling of wildwood mushroom abundance

Abstract This study analysed the relationship between weather conditions and the amount of wildwood mushrooms. A model of this relationship may be used to predict the amount of mushrooms with an elevated level of radionuclides that are available to domestic animals feeding outside during the summer and autumn months in Norway. Data on mushroom abundance were collected through a web application run by the Norwegian Mushroom Association. The data were coupled with meteorological data. Through linear regression analysis, it was found that average local cloud cover 5–3 weeks before the observation was the most important variable for explaining mushroom abundance at a given time and place. When controlling for cloud cover, weather variables covering rainfall, temperature, air humidity and wind speed had only marginal explanatory value. Of these, only rainfall and wind speed led to a significant (but small) improvement in the model. There was substantial unexplained residual variance in the model (R 2=0.23), but data analysis from identical locations and periods indicated that this was due mainly to variability in the response variable.
Relationships between three measures of genetic distance and breeding behaviour in oats (Avena sativa L.)

Nine oat cultivars and experimental lines from four diverse germ plasm sources were crossed in a diallel mating design, without reciprocals. Heterosis for grain yield was evaluated in two experiments and 48 F2-derived lines from each of the 36 matings were evaluated for bundle weight, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, and heading date in two experiments. The number of transgressive segregates per trait and generalized genetic variances were calculated for each mating. Euclidean distance between parents was calculated by using the first five principal components of the parental correlation matrix. The distance measures of W. D. Hanson and E. Casas (1968. Biometrics, 24: 867–880) and T. S. Cervantes, M. M. Goodman, E. Casas, and J. O. Rawlings (1978. Genetics, 90: 339–348) were calculated for each of two experiments. The relationships between the three distance measures and the three types of breeding behavior were examined via correlation and regression. Euclidean distance was negatively correlated .
Fatty acids tracers for native and invasive macroalgae in an experimental food web

We assessed the potential of fatty acid (FA) markers for tracing primary production from an invasive green alga (Codium fragile ssp. fragile) and a native kelp (Saccharina longicruris) through 2 trophic levels in an experimental food web: a primary consumer, the green sea urchin Strongylo- centrotus droebachiensis, and 2 secondary consumers, the native rock crab Cancer irroratus and invasive green crab Carcinus maenas. Sea urchins fed the 2 algal species had distinct gonadal FA compositions, and contained markers of each alga. Crabs of each species were then fed the gonads of sea urchins which had been fed either S. longicruris or C. fragile, and their hepatopancreases were analyzed. We were able to distinguish crabs of both species with C. fragile at the base of the food chain using the marker FAs 16:3n-3 and 18:3n-3. The overall FA composition of the hepatopancreas differed with diet in the green crab but not the rock crab. Our results suggest that 16:3n-3 may be a useful marker for tracing C. fragile production in grazers and some secondary consumers in rocky subtidal habitats in the Northwest Atlantic, but signal attenuation with each trophic transfer will limit the utility of this approach in higher consumers.
The nest of the mud‐dauber wasp, Sceliphron spirifex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae): Application of geological methods to structure and brood cell contents analysis

Abstract A collection of nests of Sceliphron spirifex from nine farms in Lombardy (Italy) enabled us to study their structure using a new approach involving some geological methods, and to add information regarding brood cell contents. Granulometric analysis revealed that the size of the particles used to build the nest does not depend on geographical location. The low amount of organic matter in the nest building material is inconsistent with the use of saliva, in contrast to a previous hypothesis. We identified micro‐morphological homogenous zones in cell walls that represent the different sites where soil was collected by the wasps, which appear to be 3–4 for every nest. The method employed allowed us to confirm that the cells are built in a concentric way around the lumen. The prey content of each cell consisted of 6–14 spiders, belonging to four families; the largest number of prey species and the most abundant genera, Larinioides Caporiacco and Araneus Clerck, belong to Araneidae. Most prey were young individuals. The rate of parasitism, due to Díptera and Ichneumonidae, was generally high.
FORENSIC METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING WATERCRAFT FROM WATERCRAFT-INDUCED WOUNDS ON THE FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS)

Watercraft-related mortality represents 1,253 (24.9%) of 5,033 Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) deaths recorded between 1 January 1979 and 31 December 2004. Wound patterns generated by collisions with watercraft are diagnostic. Sets of cuts and scrapes that are roughly equidistant and perpendicular to the direction of vessel travel are consistent with lacerations made by propeller blades. From these lesions, estimates of propeller diameter, pitch, rotation, and direction of travel may be obtained. Considerable overlap of propeller sizes and pitches on different size vessels, common use of counter rotation propellers, and numerous other complicating factors may confound efforts to accurately predict vessel size and type from propeller wounds. Of the more than one million watercraft registered in Florida, 98% are ≤12.2 m (40 ft), yet watercraft 5.3–36.6 m (17.5–120 ft) are known to have killed manatees. Analysis of a 5-yr subset of mortality data suggests that a disproportionate number of propeller-caused watercraft-related mortalities could be attributed to propeller diameters ≥43.2 cm (17 in.), inferring that these were caused by watercraft ≥12.2 m (40 ft).
The Promotive Effect of Brassinolide on Lamina Joint-Cell Elongation, Germination and Seedling Growth under Low-Temperature Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary The cell elongation-promoting activities of brassinolide (BR) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the lamina-inclination test using etiolated rice seedlings were compared at a low temperature. IAA promoted the lamina joint-cell elongation at 30°G, but the effect was markedly lowered with decreasing temperature and reached null at 15°C. On the other hand, BR and castasterone (CAS), a brassinosteroid, promoted this cell elongation even at 15°G. Homobrassinolide (HBR), a brassinosteroid, also promoted this cell elongation, although the activity was weak. The combination of BR and IAA synergistically promoted this cell elongation at a low temperature (15°G). Immersion of the dry seeds in 2 X 10-8 M BR for the first 24 h promoted the early growth of rice seedlings. This treatment also enhanced the germination rate and the growth after direct sowing in submerged paddy pots in a greenhouse or phytotron at a low temperature (15°C). Leaf spraying of BR on the rice seedlings at the 4th leaf stage increased plant height and the fresh weights of tops and roots even at a low temperature. BR sprayed on the completely expanded 4th leaves did not increase their blade length, but that sprayed on the expanding 5th and 6th leaves strikingly increased their blade length, and the effect tended to be stronger at a low temperature. These results suggest that BR promotes cell elongation in young rice seedlings under low-temperature stress, although IAA had no such effect, and that BR may promote germination and the early growth of rice seedlings at a low temperature in direct sowing in the submerged paddy field and in the rice nursery.
Abnormal Association between Invariant Chain and HLA Class II α and β Chains in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Abstract We have previously shown that peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) express increased amounts of the minor p35 form of class II invariant chain (Ii) relative to the major p33 form. In this report we demonstrate in Western blots that in CLL lymphocytes, but not in normal or Epstein–Barr virus-transformed normal lymphocytes, p35 and p33 Ii form sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-resistant complexes with class II α and β chains and that these complexes form an abnormally large proportion of the total class II molecules. Others have shown that stable SDS-resistant α–β complexes are only formed upon binding of exogenous antigenic peptides for presentation at the cell surface. Large amounts of p35 Ii remaining in the endoplasmic reticulum and capable of forming stable complexes with α and β chains could compete with endogenous antigenic peptides for available class II peptide binding sites. The presentation of endogenous tumor antigens would thus be prevented, leading to the escape of the CLL clone from immunological surveillance.
Territorialidade e indicação geográfica : estudo dos territórios do Vale dos Vinhedos (BRA) e Montilla-Moriles (ESP)

This thesis is based on two pillars: the issue of geographical indications (GIs) and the territorial approach to development. From a comparative study between territories in Brazil and Spain, we used the territorial development perspective to assess the possibilities of geographical indications to contribute to rural development, answering some questions. Which the potential of geographical indications to channel innovation in rural areas and help producers associated with forward territorial development processes? The widespread of GIs in a country interferes in their effects on the territory as it applies? The size of the geographical territory of space is important? The specificity of the product account? Finally, the limits and possibilities for geographical indications act as instruments to channel territorial development processes, since the territories in which they apply are not homogeneous social constructions? After all, how can we understand objectively the territorial development? So, while we employ a multidisciplinary perspective, focusing on the thinking of economists, geographers and social scientists in the territorial approach to development, we seek to find a place for geographical indications in the harvest of the economic literature. In addition, we seek to build a purely objective view of territorial development with which we can identify some results of these strategies in capitalist appropriation processes of rural areas. For basic hypothesis, we have the simple organization of a geographical indication in a given territory wine does not guarantee, a priori, any effect, other than to make a group of associated producers holds control over the amount of raw material produced within a certain spatial area, as well as the technique applied to the raw material, to generate a product with specific characteristics collectively determined.
SOIL SAMPLING FOR WHEAT‐BLOSSOM MIDGES

A method of assessing the population of wheat-blossom midges by the recovery of the cocoons from soil is described. In the dry summer of 1947, considerable numbers of larvae of Sitodiplosis mosellana Gehin were still in the ears at the time of harvesting. Burning the straw immediately after combining may considerably reduce the numbers of midges. The majority of the larvae are found in the top 3 in. of the soil although a considerable number may be found from 3 to 6 in. Headland infestations may be lighter than the rest of the field. Cocoons of S. mosellana remain viable in the soil for several years, and 150,000 per acre were recovered in February 1951 from a field which had not had a wheat crop since 1944. At the same time 50,000 Contarinia tritici Kirby cocoons per acre were found in a field which was last under wheat in 1947. Viable pupae were successfully obtained by soil sampling, and the pupation in the soil and subsequent emergence of the midges can be followed. Thus it is possible also to estimate the numbers of midges that will emerge. Progress has been made towards predicting outbreaks of these two midges.
Ghrelin: A Molecular Target for Weight Regulation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

Ghrelin, a peptide predominantly produced by the stomach, was discovered as natural ligand of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) and was anticipated to play major role in the control of somatotroph function. Ghrelin progressively turned out to exert pleiotropic actions on several endocrine and non endocrine target tissues. Particular attention has focused on its central orexigenic effect and weight control, and more recently on its peripheral metabolic actions on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism. Ghrelin circulates in two forms, acylated (AG) and unacylated (UAG). Interestingly, some metabolic actions of ghrelin are independent of its acylation, which is necessary for it to bind and activate the GHS-R1a, supporting the hypothesis of the existence of several ghrelin receptor subtypes involved in the control of metabolic functions and pancreatic cell survival. Recent data have introduced the hypothesis that the ghrelin system plays a role in polygenic obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherogenesis, and β-cell survival in type 1 diabetes. Many experimental studies have recently tried to inhibit or amplify ghrelin secretion for the treatment of obesity and wasting syndromes, respectively. This review recapitulates what is known about ghrelin chemical structure, GHS-R1a and the putative unknown receptor subtypes, AG and UAG involvement in the control of feeding, weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, and the recently patented molecules that modulate the pleiotropic actions of the ghrelin system.
The adipocyte as an endocrine cell

Adipocytes are now known to secrete peptides with a variety of effects, some of which can be defined as endocrine. According to a relatively strict definition of an endocrine cell, there is now proof that adipocytes function as endocrine cells in humans with respect to leptin, the best-characterized adipocyte hormone. Establishing that other adipocyte secretory products are truly endocrine molecules has not been as straightforward, however. Experiments in animal models have demonstrated that the hormones and cytokines produced by adipocytes have actions in the central nervous system, liver, muscle, and bone as well as a variety of other tissues. This review examines these data but attempts to emphasize what is known about the role of human adipose tissue. The secretion and effects of leptin, adiponectin, angiotensinogen, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, interleukin-6, acylation stimulating protein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are described.
Les isomères trans des acides gras : origine et présence dans l'alimentation

Plusieurs travaux experimentaux et epidemiologiques recents soulignent l'implication des acides gras trans sur les taux plasmatiques de cholesterol et les repercussions possibles de la presence de ces isomeres dans l'alimentation sur l'incidence des maladies cardio-vasculaires. D'autre part, les acides linoleiques conjugues (CLA) auraient un effet protecteur contre certains cancers chimio-induits. Les sources alimentaires d'isomeres trans d'acides gras sont principalement les produits laitiers, les huiles partiellement hydrogenees et les huiles chauffees. Les teneurs et les proportions des differents isomeres geometriques et de position des acides gras trans des matieres grasses laitieres ainsi que leurs origines sont comparees dans cette revue a celles des margarines et des huiles raffinees. L'hydrogenation des acides gras poly-insatures par la flore du rumen est a l'origine de l'apparition des isomeres trans dans les matieres grasses laitieres. La ration alimentaire des mammiferes a une influence preponderante sur l'excretion d'isomeres trans d'acides gras dans le lait. Cette biohydrogenation genere surtout des isomeres trans en 18:1, principalement l'acide vaccenique 18:1 11-trans ; elle produit egalement des quantites appreciables d'acide rumenique 18:2 9-cis, 11-trans, acide linoleique conjugue (CLA) doue de proprietes anticancerogenes. Les isomeres trans presents dans les margarines sont aussi principalement des 18:1, mais la repartition des isomeres de position est gaussienne, centree autour de l'acide elaidique 18:1 9-trans. L'isomerisation des acides gras lors des traitements thermiques concerne les acides linoleique 18:2 et α-linolenique 18:3, acides gras essentiels. Ces points sont discutes dans cette revue.
Reaction of seedling roots of 14 crop species to Fusarium graminearum from wheat heads

To increase our understanding of the epidemiology of fusarium head blight of wheat and barley, a study was conducted under controlled conditions to determine whether Fusarium graminearum Schwabe from wheat can cause seedling blight or root rot in various crop species. Inoculum of F. graminearum, consisting of a wheat floret infected with the pathogen, was placed adjacent to surface-sterilized seed of each crop in a sterile potting mix. Wheat, barley, oat, rye, triticale, canaryseed, flax, canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.), mustard, bean, field pea, lentil, and chickpea were included in the study. Seedling emergence and root rot severity were scored at 3–4 weeks after seeding. The effect of temperature on seedling blight severity was also tested in barley cv. Brier. Inoculation reduced emergence in all crops, except canola, mustard, and field pea, and increased root rot severity in most crops. Emergence of seedlings was not affected at the lowest temperature (10:5°C day:night) and no root infection occurred. However, as the temperature increased from 10 to 30°C, seedling emergence and establishment were reduced and root rot severity increased. Infection of roots, crowns, and seedlings of the crops grown in rotation with wheat indicates that these crops may act as alternative hosts to F. graminearum.
The Impact of Consumer Ethnocentrism on Purchase Intentions: Local Versus Foreign Brands

This study evaluates the impact of consumer constructs, including ethnocentrism, attitudes toward brands, and celebrity endorsement, on purchase intentions for beverages in Pakistan. A quantitative survey was administered to collect the data and a path analysis conducted to test the model. Based on a sample of 150 respondents, our results indicate a positive relationship between ethnocentrism and purchase intentions with respect to local brands. Moreover, ethnocentrism, attitudes toward brands, and celebrity endorsements all have a significant impact on purchase intentions for local brands.