Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruits and Vegetables as Dietary Sources of Antimutagens

Mutation is the process leading to heritable changes in the genetic material of an organism and caused mainly by the external factors, including chemical and physical agents, or can also occur spontaneously due to errors in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Agents contributing to the mutagenic burden in the environment could be from industrial sources, wide spectrum applications of biocides in the agriculture, and other contaminants. As many of these mutagenic chemicals can induce severe disorders in humans including cancer and a large spectrum of inherited diseases, it is important to detect such mutagenic agents precisely and rapidly, and also look for an approach to combat them. Natural occurring dietary antimutagens primarily from health protective foods such as fruits and vegetables could provide a mechanism to counteract the deleterious effect of these mutagens. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that one-third of all cancer deaths are preventable and that diet is closely linked to cancer prevention. These health protective phytochemicals particularly antimutagenic ones could provide an effective solution to these concerns. The current review deals with understanding of the mutagenic events, methods of its analysis and a brief compilation of the existing scientific findings related to the dietary sources having potential to counteract the effects of the mutagenic exposures from different sources. The review would provide an opportunity to look into the science, think about the possible future perspectives and mechanism to translate the outcome of the scientific research for benefits of the mankind.
Low-carbon Scenarios Development for Modal Shift in the Chemical Industry

Supply chain managers have to deal with the performance requirement to significantly reduce CO2 emissions in searching for excellence in green business processes management. The purpose of this article is to examine the perspectives on low-carbon scenarios development for modal shift in the chemical industry. The author outlines main research findings from the Interreg Central Europe ChemMultimodal project realised by 14 partners from 7 countries, among others by Department of Logistics at Warsaw School of Economics in Poland. The project idea is focused on analysing the potential and growth opportunities for multimodal transport usage in chemical supply chain management. Firstly, the objectives, current status and methodology of the project are explained. Then, the results of the research carried out among chemical and logistics companies operating in Poland are discussed. Furthermore, there is recognised that transport modal shift decisions determine changes in supply chain configurations that might be supported by planning and management tools. Consequently, the elements of the ChemMultimodal toolbox are outlined and its potential significance for low-carbon scenarios development is highlighted. As a result, both theoretical and practical implications of the research findings are indicated.
Nutritional Evaluation of Canola Protein Concentrate for Broiler Chickens

This trial was conducted to determine the effects of including canola protein concentrate in diets fed to broiler chickens on nutrient digestibility and broiler performance (0-21 days). A total of 180, day-old, male broiler chicks weighing an average of 52.80. 6 g were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal and contained 15% canola meal. The experimental diets contained 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15% canola protein concentrate added at the expense of canola meal. There were five birds per pen and six replicate pens per treatment. Feed and water were available ad libitum throughout the 21-day experiment. Chromic oxide (0.35%) was added to all diets as a digestibility marker and was fed throughout the experimental period. The digestibility of dry matter, energy and phosphorus increased linearly (p
The firm as an epistemic community: The knowledge based view revisited

Based on a sociological conceptualization of knowledge as residing in groups of practitioners, epistemic communities , this article proposes a new perspective within the knowledge-based view of the firm. It argues that the cost of governing knowledge processes depends as much on the cognitive background of the exchange partners as on the tacitness of their knowledge. The perspective supports and explicates previous arguments regarding the ability of firms to enable and support integration and combination of tacit knowledge across the epistemic boundaries of professional expertise, but suggests that knowledge transactions that take place within such epistemic communities-- articulation and replication --can be accommodated equally well, and often better, in other institutional settings, such as those of markets, guilds, or universities. Firms often become epistemic communities in their own right, providing them with superior enabling and motivational conditions for the combination and integration of tacit functional or occupational expertise. The establishment of a firm as an epistemic community requires transaction-specific investments on part both of the owners, managers, and employees which is why these conditions are difficult to create under market and other non-firm modes of governance. In the case of c odified knowledge, the problems associated with the crossing of epistemic boundaries can be overcome by the definition of clear interfaces between knowledge domains. Copyright 2010 The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Relationships between Employment and Growth from Industrial Perspective by Considering Employment Incentives: The Case of Turkey

By using quarterly data this study applied Toda-Yamamoto (1995) method for the period 1988-2010 to uncover the relationship between growth and employment in aggregate and industrial respects and also to investigate the impacts of investment and employment incentives on employment for Turkish Economy. The findings showed that the relationship between growth and employment varied with the industries. The study covers ten industries and there were causalities detected for four out of ten industries, either one or two ways. For the rest six industries covered in the study, there was no causal relationship obtained. The incentives impacts on employment, similarly, vary with industries. The law numbered as 5084 had positive and statistically significant influences on social service, manufacturing, and transportation and communication industries while the law numbered as 5763 extracted positive and significant influences on energy production and distribution, and financial intermediation industries.
PROTEINS AND FATS IN THE SERUM OF RABBITS FED DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF DRIED OLIVE CAKE

Rupiç V. , J . ·krl in , S. MuÏic , V. ·erman, N. St ipiç , L. Baãar-Huskiç: Proteins and Fats in the Serum of Rabbits Fed Different Quantities of Dried Olive Cake. Acta Vet. Brno
Conditions with D-stability circle area in design of observer-based fault estimation

The paper provides modification of the linear matrix inequality conditions for H∞ design of the observer-based fault estimation to obtain desired observer dynamics, specified by a stable circle D-stability region. To be possible to design the observer which guarantees the pre-specified H∞ norm attenuation level to disturbance and unknown fault dynamics properties, the design conditions are newly defined as an bounded real lemma equivalent of the D-stability circle area. Analyzing the ambit of performances given on H∞-norm, the design conditions are formulated as a minimization problem subject to convex constraints, expressed by a system of LMIs. The feasibility of the conditions is illustrated by a numerical example.
Measurement of local elasticity of human carotid arterial walls and its relationship with risk index of atherosclerosis

We have proposed a new method for evaluating the local elasticity of the arterial wall in order to diagnose the early stage atherosclerosis. In the case of the early stage atherosclerosis, the macular lesion is several millimeters in diameter. Therefore, it, is necessary to find the local change in the elasticity of the arterial wall. In the proposed method, the small change in thickness of the arterial wall during cardiac cycle is accurately measured using ultrasound, and the elasticity of the arterial wall can be evaluated in every small region of about 1 millimeter, which corresponds to the width of the ultrasonic beam. In the report, the proposed method is applied to human carotid arteries of 54 male patients and 30 healthy male subjects, where the patients have high risk factor of coronary heart diseases. From this results, the difference in the elasticity of the arterial walls between healthy subjects and patients is investigated.
Accessibility evaluation of Kungsmässan shopping centre (Kungsbacka municipality, Sweden) with traffic simulation

Kungsbacka es un municipi situat aproximadament a 30 km al sud de Goteborg, la segona ciutat mes gran de Suecia. Degut a la connexio de les ciutats costaneres occidentals mitjancant l´autopista E6, es produeix un gran volum de transit que segons les autoritats encara sera incrementat en un futur proxim. Kungsmassan es un gran centre commercial de Kungsbacka. Actualment, nomes hi ha una entrada per vehicles motoritzats que correspon a una interseccio en T semaforitzada. Com a consequencia, les autoritats locals han proposat la millora de la seva d´accessibilitat amb dues entrades i diverses rotondes enlloc dels semafors. La finalitat d´aquesta Tesina es quantificar els beneficis de la posada en escena de la proposta, elaborada per l´empresa Norconsult AB, comparant-la amb la situacio actual, sent factible llavors l´acceptacio o rebuig del projecte. VISSIM 5.40 es el software utilitzat per dur a terme la simulacio de transit que juntament amb l´ajuda de MS Excel i de l´AutoCAD 2011, avaluaran els resultats obtinguts de la modelitzacio. Els resultats d´aquesta Tesina mostren que la proposta de millora, excepte per uns pocs casos en el major volum de transit, pot manejar d´una manera mes efficient la demanda dels usuaris. En termes generals i despres de ponderar els parametres de sortida pel nombre de vehicles que circulen en cada cas, la proposta resulta obtenir una valoracio de 6.9/10 si la situacio actual es valorada un 5/10.
Keeping the Promise of Social Security in Latin America

Nations around the world (both large and small, rich and poor) are engaged in debate over how to reform their social security systems and care for the aged. For many countries this debate requires speculation on hypothetical scenarios, but in Latin America a rich body of experience on social security reform has been accumulating for more than a decade (for Chile, more than two decades). This report, entitled, Keeping the Promise of Social Security in Latin America, takes stock of those reforms, evaluates their successes and failures, and considers the lessons that can be drawn for the future of pension policy in the region. The authors draw on a series of background papers and surveys commissioned specifically for this inquiry, as well as existing research conducted by themselves and other pension experts. In the debate on pension reform there is no orthodoxy, as reflected in major differences of opinion among leading experts. Despite more than a decade of experience with pension reform in Latin America, although undoubtedly a major step forward, reforms are still works in progress. This report furthers enrich the policy dialogue that is of crucial importance to the future of the region.
Impact of Early Childhood Care and Education on Children's Preschool Cognitive Development: Canadian Results from a Large Scale Quasi-Experiment

On September 1st 1997, a new early childhood care and education policy was initiated by the provincial government of Quebec, the second most populous province in Canada. Providers of childcare services licensed by the Department of the Family began offering daycare spaces at the reduced parental contribution of $5 per day per child for children aged 4. In successive years, the government reduced the age requirement and engaged in a plan to create new childcare facilities and pay for the cost of additional $5 per day childcare spaces. By September 2000, the low-fee policy applied to all children aged 0 to 59 months and the number of partly subsidized spaces increased from 77,000 in 1998 to 170,000 spaces, totally subsidized, by midyear 2003. In addition, on September 1st 1997, all public schools offered full-day rather than part-day kindergarten for 5-year-old children. No such important policy changes for preschool (including kindergarten) children were enacted in the other Canadian provinces over the years 1994 to 2003. Using biennial data drawn from Statistics Canada’s National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), conducted since 1994-1995, this study attempts to estimate the effect of the policy on Quebec’s preschool children cognitive test scores. A non-experimental evaluation framework based on multiple pre- and post-treatment periods is used to estimate the effect of the early childhood care and education regime on school readiness. The econometric results support the hypothesis that the policy had no effects on the cognitive development of 4-year-olds (the PPVT-R raw scores and the PPVT-R standardized scores). However, we provide evidence that the policy had a substantial negative impact on the scores of 5-year-olds.
Effect of Body Position on Respiratory Muscle Activity in Subjects with Upper Costal or Costo-diaphragmatic Breathing Type

Effect of body position on electromyographic (EMG) activity has been studied in the cranio-cervical-mandibular muscles, but its effect on the activity of respiratory muscles in subjects with different breathing types has not yet been elucidated. This study included two groups of twenty male subjects each, one with upper costal and the other with costo-diaphragmatic breathing type. EMG activity was recorded using bipolar surface electrode technique. Electrodes were placed on the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), diaphragm (DIA), and external intercostal (EIC) and Latissimus dorsi (LAT) muscles. EMG activity was recorded in standing and lateral decubitus positions, during the following tasks: [1] Normal quiet breathing; [2] speaking the word “Mississippi”; [3] forced deep breathing. EMG activity of DIA and EIC muscles was higher in the standing than in the lateral decubitus position during all tasks in both breathing groups (p<0.05), excepting DIA activity during task 2 in the costo-diaphragmatic group. EMG activity of LAT muscle was higher in the standing than in the lateral decubitus position during task 3 in both breathing groups (p<0.05). EMG activity of DIA activity was higher in subjects with upper costal than in subjects with costo-diaphragmatic breathing type in the standing position during all tasks and also in the lateral decubitus position during tasks 1 and 2 (p<0.05). EMG activity of ECM, EIC and LAT muscles was not significantly different between both breathing types in the studied body positions. The higher EMG activity observed in the standing than in the lateral decubitus positions in both breathing groups, suggests differences in the respiratory effort depending on the body position. The higher EMG activity observed in DIA muscle of subjects with upper costal than costo-diaphragmatic breathing types, suggests differences in the respiratory effort depending on the breathing type.
Anaerobic biodegradation of long chain fatty acids : a review

If an effluent with high lipid content is fed to a continuous high rate anaerobic digester, a significant accumulation of Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFA) onto the sludge aggregates (flocs or granules) is observed, without further mineralization to methane. That accumulation is progressive and, after some time, the sludge becomes surrounded by whitish foam and tends to float, leading, most of times, to a severe washout. This happens not only with granular sludge reactors, but also with fixed bed reactors. This fact, associated to the accepted idea that LCFA were highly toxic to the anaerobic consortia, imposed that lipids had to be removed from any wastewater before the anaerobic treatment step. Therefore, the high methane potential of these compounds was lost. However, it was observed that anaerobic sludge had the capacity to mineralize the LCFA associated to the cells by mechanisms of adsorption, precipitation or entrapment. The mineralization of these biomass-associated LCFA was inhibited by oleic acid present in the feed. Furthermore, after the mineralization of these biomass-associated LCFA, the specific methanogenic activity of the sludge was enhanced, being able to accumulate and mineralize a new LCFA load. These facts contradict the accepted theories about the severe and irreversible toxicity of LCFA and clearly suggest that only a reversible inhibition occurs, probably a simple physical transport limitation effect. The main practical result of this research is that a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) based process will be the most suitable way to efficiently mineralize effluents with high lipids content. The new SBR concept is under development and was recently awarded with the Lettinga Award 2004. A review of the most important results on anaerobic LCFA biodegradation is presented in this paper.
Impact of long term soil management practices on the fertility and weed flora of an almond orchard

Soil management techniques can definitely influence soil quality, and particularly soil organic matter content, biological complexity, structure, and water holding capacity. Tillage may also have a negative effect by increasing erosion and organic matter oxidation processes, which have unavoidable repercussions on fertility. The objective of the current research was to test the effects of five different management techniques applied for 35 years on a rain-fed almond grove (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) in a hot-dry environment on some physicochemical, hydrological, and biological parameters. The following soil management techniques were compared: no-till (NT), with weed control by preemergence herbicides; NT, with chemical weed control by foliar herbicides; NT, with weed control by mowing; tillage, with sowing and field bean green manuring; and conventional tillage. The current survey supplied interesting results, considering the typical soil and climate conditions of the tested area (southern Italy), characterized by high summer temperatures, low rainfall, clay loam soil, and an arable layer of 0.40 m. The most influenced values are those concerning the organic matter due to the supply of biomass resulting from weed mowing or field bean green manuring. The NT system with a single mowing in the spring seems to induce a higher water holding capacity (-15,000 hPa) as compared with the traditionally plowed soil. The biomass incorporation through field bean green manure resulted in a higher available water content (11.82%). All practices favoring an increase in organic matter induced a subsequent increase of microbial biomass content. The number of existing families and species of weed flora was largely influenced by different soil management techniques, as shown by the greater adaptation of grasses to the management practices involving weed control by foliar herbicide or mowing, and of several species associated with the technique involving the application of preemergence herbicides. In general, the almond orchard management involving minimum soil disturbance and the supply of biomass resulting from specially sown cover crops or weed development have shown substantial benefits to the physicochemical, hydrologic, and biologic soil properties.
Influence of cross correlations on interdiffusion in Al-rich Al-Ni melts

The relation of self- and interdiffusion in a liquid metal, particularly the influence of cross correlations at low concentrations, is studied experimentally. Accurate interdiffusion data are obtained by a combination of x-ray radiography with the shear-cell method on the ground and on the sounding rocket MAPHEUS under microgravity conditions. Self-diffusion coefficients, measured by quasielastic neutron scattering, increase with decreasing Ni concentration, whereas interdiffusion coefficients are about constant. We show that cross correlations influence interdiffusion even at concentrations as low as 2 at. % Ni. Consequently, Darken's equation is not valid in this case.
Korean EFL Learners’ Underpassivization and Overpassivization: Psych Verbs and Unaccusatives

The present paper addresses Korean EFL learners’ acquisition of psych-verb and unaccusative constructions from a processing point of view. Korean learners’ interlanguage psych-verb constructions and unaccusative constructions are marked by underpassivization and overpassivization, respectively. While both kinds of errors are observed in Korean learners’ data, the processing account of language acquisition predicts that learners will commit underpassivization errors more frequently than overpassivization errors because passivization requires more processing. In order to see if the acquisition of psych-verb and unaccusative constructions is affected by the processing complexity of passivization, the present study compared learners’ performance on psych-verb and unaccusative constructions. Ninety six university students performed a timed grammaticality judgment task on the two types of constructions. The comparison of the learner performances between psych-verb and unaccusative constructions revealed that the learners were more accurate with psych-verb constructions than with unaccusative constructions. The learners’ accuracy with psych-verb constructions increased faster than unaccusative constructions, with the increase of the overall proficiency. The findings suggest that while processibility might be a major issue for low-level learners, there are other factors such as L1 transfer that exert a pervasive influence on the acquisition of psych-verb and unaccusative constructions.
Acceleration of the anomalous component of cosmic rays revisited

In the years 2004 and 2007, the instruments onboard the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft delivered unprecedented data on the structure of the solar wind termination shock. This shock has been assumed to be responsible for the acceleration of the anomalous component of cosmic rays from a pick-up ion seed population derived from the interstellar neutral gas penetrating the heliosphere. In expectation of the Voyager observations near the termination shock and in the heliosheath region, detailed models have been developed on the acceleration mechanism for the anomalous cosmic rays and on the structure of the termination shock. Here, an overview on the models on injection mechanisms into first-order Fermi acceleration, stochastic acceleration in the supersonic and subsonic solar wind, shock mediation by suprathermal ions, and on shock reformation by ions reflected at the shock is given. Comparing the results of these models to the Voyager observations, we try to synthesize an updated picture on the acceleration process of the anomalous cosmic rays.