Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microévolution et bioarchéologie des groupes humains de la fin du Pléistocène et du début de l'Holocène en Europe occidentale : apports de l'anthropologie biologique aux connaissances sur le Paléolithique final et le Mésolithique

La fin du Pleistocene et le debut de l’Holocene sont marques par des bouleversements environnementaux d’une ampleur et d’une intensite exceptionnelles en Europe de l’Ouest. Ces quelque huit millenaires ont ete scindes en periodes chronoculturelles principalement a partir de criteres typotechnologiques de l’industrie lithique, correspondant au Paleolithique final, et au premier et au second Mesolithique. L’identite biologique des groupes humains de cette periode n’avait jusqu’alors jamais ete etudiee de facon specifique et la realite anthropologique de ces partitions pose question. A partir d’un corpus reactualise de 70 sites couvrant les territoires actuels de la France, de l’Allemagne, de la Belgique, du Luxembourg, de la Suisse, de l’Italie, de l’Espagne et du Portugal, ce sont 617 specimens pour les restes osseux et 251 pour les restes dentaires qui ont ete analyses. Des caracteristiques squelettiques ont ete enregistrees et analysees selon un protocole unique : proportions squelettiques comme la stature, l’indice brachial et l’indice crural, morphometrie crânienne et mandibulaire, analyse par morphometrie geometrique de la conformation du neurocrâne et variations anatomiques non metriques crâniennes et dentaires. L’ensemble des donnees recueillies a fait l’objet de traitements statistiques adaptes, descriptifs, multivaries et exploratoires. Parmi les resultats obtenus, l’analyse metrique et morphologique de la mandibule revele des changements microevolutifs de la morphologie mandibulaire en lien avec l’intensification de l’elargissement du spectre des ressources consommees au cours du Mesolithique. Un fonctionnement different des groupes est propose entre ceux etablis sur les zones cotieres et les continentaux. Les groupes cotiers seraient organises selon un systeme plutot ferme, traduit par la structuration regionale des donnees anthropobiologiques, alors que les groupes continentaux, bien qu’ayant un ancrage local, possederaient des reseaux d’echanges plus larges et/ou plus reguliers. Enfin, la permanence des groupes humains du Paleolithique final au Mesolithique est avancee, ainsi qu’au sein des zones cotieres durant tout le Mesolithique, alors qu’une discontinuite populationnelle entre premier et second Mesolithique est mise en evidence dans l’aire continentale. L’hypothese d’une arrivee de nouveaux groupes depuis les regions situees plus a l’est, pousses par la progression neolithique en Europe centrale a partir du VIIeme millenaire cal BC est avancee, rejoignant un des scenarii proposes a partir de l’analyse de l’ADN ancien.
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Is a Biomarker of Carotid Calcification in Patients with Essential Hypertension

The development of vascular calcification is an active, highly regulated process with similarities to bone formation. Osteocalcin (OC), a vitamin K-dependent protein expressed by osteoblasts, contains 3 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues derived from the vitamin K-dependent posttranslational modification of glutamic acid residues. Circulating undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) is increased in vitamin K deficiency and serum ucOC is reported to be a clinical marker of vitamin K status. Vitamin K deficiency is associated with vascular calcification as well as osteoporosis. We evaluated the relationship between ucOC and carotid artery calcification in 92 patients with essential hypertension. Ultrasound of the common carotid artery was performed to identify vascular calcification and subjects were divided into 2 groups: a calcification (+) group and a calcification (–) group. Serum creatinine and ucOC levels were higher in the calcification (+) group than in the calcification (–) group and serum ucOC correlated with serum creatinine. To identify the independent determinant factor for carotid artery calcification, we applied both ucOC and estimated glomerular filtration rate as independent factors in logistic regression analysis. Serum ucOC was an independent determinant of carotid calcification, suggesting that circulating ucOC may be an important biomarker of carotid artery calcification.
Adjusted Clinical Groups use as a measure of the referrals efficiency from primary care to specialized in Spain.

BACKGROUND To determine the referral rate (RR) per centre, its main causes and the adjusted efficiency indexes, through the retrospective implementation of the Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) in a Spanish primary care setting. METHODS Design descriptive-retrospective study. Attended patients by five primary care teams (PCT) during the year 2004 were included. General parameters, age, gender, dependent (visits and episodes), and comorbidity of each patient relative to each ACG are used as measures. The RR was defined as the quotient between the number of referrals and the visits made. Efficiency Index (EI) was established dividing the observed by the expected referrals obtained by indirect standardization. Statistical significance P<0.05. RESULTS Studied patients 81,335 (use: 76.9%), 5.0+/-3.6 episodes and 7.9+/-7.8 visits/patient/year. Percentage of visits with a referral, adjusted for morbidity burden, was 7.5% (CI: 7.3-7.7); age: 48.3+/-22.7 years (women: 55.9%), P=0.000. The average of referrals was of 59.6 per 100 attended patients/year (P=0.000). Visits and episodes explain 34.1-68.1%, respectively (P=0.000), the explanatory power of the classification's variability was of 23.6% (P=0.0001). EI per centre were: 0.95 (CI: 0.82-1.08); 0.78 (CI: 0.63-0.93); 0.88 (CI: 0.73-1.03); 1.15 (CI: 1.03-1.27) and 1.08 (CI: 0.95-1.21), P=0.034 (family practice); and 0.83 (CI: 0.70-0.96); 0.83 (CI: 0.68-0.98); 0.84 (CI: 0.70-0.98); 1.24 (CI: 1.12-1.36) and 1.16 (CI: 1.03-1.29), P=0.041 (paediatrics), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adjusted morbidity by ACG explains an important part of the referrals variability. The study results must be interpreted cautiously even after adjustment by age, gender and morbidity. Should the results be confirmed, it would allow an improvement in the measurement of referrals for clinical management in the PCT.
Software-Defined Network Testbed Using ZodiacFX a Hardware Switch for OpenFlow

Software-defined network (SDN) is a new programmable networking designed to perform tasks easier by enabling network administrators to add network control via a centralized control platform and open interfaces. Common network use procedures such as traffic shifts, troubleshooting and various types of device configuration. Thus devices are needed to reconfigure with the network, in order to create a reaction with events. In this paper, we have developed an SDN testbed using Zodiac FX a hardware switch for OpenFlow experiment. This research is utilized Zodiac FX a hardware switch to test the usage and discuss about the SDN controllers. Ryu controller is configured for testbed development. The main contribution of this paper in threefold as follows: first it provides the configuration of Ryu controller, second, it provides the configuration of Zodiac FX switch and lastly it develops a simple SDN testbed for OpenFlow.
Prediction of the Glomerular Filtration Rate using Equations in Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Patients Receiving Cimetidine

Background. Current estimates of renal function in kidney transplant patients are frequently inaccurate compared to radionuclide GFR (rGFR) measurement. Cimetidine inhibits tubular secretion of creatinine and improves the accuracy of formulas to estimate GFR. Methods. We studied the effect of a cimetidine-aided (800 mg tid for 24 hr) serum creatinine on the correlation of creatinine clearance and three prediction formulas (Cockroft-Gault, Levey, and Nankivell) compared to rGFR in 15 kidney-pancreas transplant patients. Results were adjusted for body surface area. Results. Correlations with rGFR using cimetidine-aided creatinine were: Cockroft-Gault, r=0.710; Levey, r=0.752; Nankivell, r=0.676; creatinine clearance, r=0.643. By Bland and Altman analysis, agreement with rGFR was best with the Nankivell and Cockroft-Gault equations and worst with creatinine clearance. Cimetidine ($0.48 Canadian) costs substantially less than the rGFR test ($66.00 Canadian). Conclusion. Using cimetidine, prediction equations give a stronger correlation with GFR than creatinine clearance.
ALL HUMAN GENOME ANALYSIS FOR REGULATORY SIGNALS

Motivation: The availability of the complete human genome enables us to initiate a comprehensive and systematic investigation of its regulatory features and, thus, of modeling the dynamics of teh biological system it defines. For that purpose, we developed a set of database and software tools and applied them on a whole genome analysis for regulatory characteristics. Results: A number of transcription factor binding patterns are significantly overrepresented in regulatory regions in general, whereas certain others are greatly underrepresented and therefore provide a much higher specificity of gene regulation. Availability: Public versions of the tools mentioned in this article are available under http://www.gene-regulation.de . Professional versions of the databases and the software tools described are distributed by BIOBASE GmbH (http://www.biobase.de).
On the nosology of formal thought disorder

Current diagnostic criteria for formal thought disorder (FTD) in schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition [DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) do not reflect (1) the general consensus in the literature for it being associated with neurocognitive deficits or (2) the distinction between positive and negative FTD. This situation should be rectified. In terms of nosology, FTD is currently classified as simply a psychotic feature in the DSM-5. Classification as a psychotic feature traditionally reflects the observations that FTD severity fluctuates between acute and chronic states, much like hallucinations. However, there is evidence suggesting that unlike psychotic symptoms, the impairments observed in patients with FTD never truly recover even when FTD is in remission, i.e., semantic memory deficits (Leeson et al., 2005). Problems with language production are also well-documented in FTD, with evidence suggesting that language comprehension problems are already present early in the illness (Wood et al., 2007). The aforementioned work on semantic and language impairments in FTD highlights an underlying continuity of FTD-related impairments. Such a situation is more akin to the classification for cognitive symptoms and differs from the transient nature of psychotic symptoms under which FTD is currently classified. Consequently, it might be time to consider revisiting the nosological debate surrounding FTD, and look at re-classifying it as a neurocognitive phenomenon. Another pertinent reason for change is that the current criteria do not account for the well-observed differences between positive and negative FTD, at both levels of underlying mechanisms and prognostic outcome. The change in nosology is important as it results in clearer diagnostic criteria that better reflect the nature of the symptom as well as schizophrenia itself. This in turn will help better inform treatment and rehabilitation options for individuals with FTD. While we acknowledge that these top-level changes unfortunately do not happen quickly, there are some measures that can be adopted in the interim. First, it would be beneficial to avoid use of the term ‘disorganised thoughts’ in positive symptom classifications of schizophrenia to avoid confusion with ‘thought disorder’. This would better facilitate the identification of FTD as being of a different nature. Second, distinctions between positive and negative FTD should continue to be recognised and adopted. Finally, continued examination of the cognitive mechanisms underlying individual FTD symptoms, particularly longitudinal work, would help in further fine-tuning the growing understanding of the disorder and strengthen the case for nosological change.
The potentials of metatheory

THE POTENTIALS OF METATHEORY FOREWORD Roger Walsh Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA. 92697- Phone: (949) 824-6604 Fax: (949) 824-7869 Email: rwalsh@uci.edu To appear in Metatheory for the 21 st Century. Edited by Roy Bhaskar, Sean Esbjorn-Hargens & Nicholas Hedlund-deWitt. Routledge Press. Draft # 8
The os paracuneiforme; some observations on an example removed at operation.

Rare accessory or inconstant bones of tile foot are usually regarded by surgeons and radiologists L5 collectors’ pieces, often of little more than academic interest. But from time to) tinle such hones cause symptoms requiring surgical treatment. ihe Os j)aracuneiforme, first described by D vight in 1902, is one of tile least common of tile accessory i)ones, and early descriptions of it are rather confused. Although it is always iI1CIU(le(I ill lists of accessory bones I have been able to trace only five recorded examples. Most of the descriptions are b;tsed on radiographic findings alone. In 1924 Carlier olescribed a case in which tile bone was giving rise to symptoms and ilad tt) be rI’IllO\’e(l. Ill the example no ’ recorded the findings ‘ere almost exactly those of Carlier.
Opioid system in the medial prefrontal cortex mediates binge‐like eating

Binge eating disorder is an addiction‐like disorder characterized by excessive food consumption within discrete periods of time. This study was aimed at understanding the role of the opioid system within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the consummatory and motivational aspects of binge‐like eating. For this purpose, we trained male rats to obtain either a sugary, highly palatable diet (Palatable rats) or a chow diet (Chow rats) for 1 hour/day. We then evaluated the effects of the opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone, given either systemically or site‐specifically into the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) or the mPFC on a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) and a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement for food. Finally, we assessed the expression of the genes proopiomelanocortin (POMC), pro‐dynorphin (PDyn) and pro‐enkephalin (PEnk), coding for the opioids peptides in the NAcc and the mPFC in both groups. Palatable rats rapidly escalated their intake by four times. Naltrexone, when administered systemically and into the NAcc, reduced FR1 responding for food and motivation to eat under a progressive ratio in both Chow and Palatable rats; conversely, when administered into the mPFC, the effects were highly selective for binge eating rats. Furthermore, we found a twofold increase in POMC and a ∼50% reduction in PDyn gene expression in the mPFC of Palatable rats, when compared to control rats; however, no changes were observed in the NAcc. Our data suggest that neuroadaptations of the opioid system in the mPFC occur following intermittent access to highly palatable food, which may be responsible for the development of binge‐like eating.
Predictive power of pretreatment prognostic factors in children with hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group

PRETEXT is used to stratify risk in children with hepatoblastoma by the Liver Tumor Strategy Group (SIOPEL) of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP). A recent analysis excluding patients that did not survive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, concluded that PRETEXT was superior to Children's Oncology Group (COG) stage for predicting survival. Puzzled by this result, we made a similar comparison of PRETEXT and COG stage. This time, however, we include all patients, and we compare predictive value at diagnosis, instead of after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Velocity observer based distributed consensus tracking control for multiple Euler-Lagrange systems

Abstract: A distributed coordinated tracking control strategy is proposed for Euler-Lagrange systems under undirected topology. The proposed strategy allows that only a subset of the follower agents have access to the desired trajectory. Both the cases when the generated coordinate derivatives of the leader agent is constant and varying are considered. An observer is produced with the continuous estimation of the acceleration, the sufficient conditions when the observer is stable are given. The controller is composed of two parts, the first part is the output of a neural network approximating the nonlinear function, the second part is a robust term to reduce the approximate error and external disturbance, which guarantees the continuous of the control input. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven by the Lyapunov theory, and simulations are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the controller.
β2‐Adrenoreceptor‐Mediated Proliferation Inhibition of Embryonic Pluripotent Stem Cells

Adrenoreceptors (ARs) are widely expressed and play essential roles throughout the body. Different subtype adrenoceptors elicit distinct effects on cell proliferation, but knowledge remains scarce about the subtype‐specific effects of β2‐ARs on the proliferation of embryonic pluripotent stem (PS) cells that represent different characteristics of proliferation and cell cycle regulation with the somatic cells. Herein, we identified a β2‐AR/AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in embryonic PS cells and found that the pathway stimulation inhibited proliferation and cell cycle progression involving modulating the stem cell growth and cycle regulatory machinery. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonal carcinoma stem (ECS) cells expressed functional β‐ARs coupled to AC/cAMP/PKA signaling. Agonistic activation of β‐ARs led to embryonic PS cell cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition. Pharmacological and genetic analyzes using receptor subtype blocking and RNA interference approaches revealed that this effect selectively depended on β2‐AR signaling involving the regulation of AKT, ERK, Rb, and Cyclin E molecules. Better understanding of the effects of β2‐ARs on embryonic PS cell proliferation and cycle progression may provide new insights into stem cell biology and afford the opportunity for exploiting more selective ligands targeting the receptor subtype for the modulation of stem cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: 2640–2646, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of angular position and velocity observer for servo motors with reslovers

Resolvers are extensively used to measure absolute angular position and velocity of servo systems; the analog outputs of the resolver are amplitude modulated signals that contain the angular position information. In order to obtain the rotor angular position and velocity information, a state-observer-based resolver-to-digital conversion (RDC) method is presented in this paper. Theoretical analysis shows that both the second-order state observer and the third-order one can drive the tracking error converge to zero when the velocity is constant. But once the velocity varies, the tracking error of the former method exist bias in principle while another still can converge to zero. Compared with the arctangent method, the proposed method can obtain angular velocity without a differential operator, and has the ability to suppress disturbances. Compared with angular tracking observer, the proposed method can obtain angular position and velocity in higher precision since the changes of the motor speed is considered. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method.
NCX-1015 , a nitric-oxide derivative of prednisolone , enhances regulatory T cells in the lamina propria and protects against 2 , 4 , 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice

EDITORIAL EXPRESSION OF CONCERN. PNAS is publishing an Editorial Expression of Concern regarding the following three articles: (i) PHYSIOLOGY. ‘‘NCX-1000, a NO-releasing derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid, selectively delivers NO to the liver and protects against development of portal hypertension,’’ by Stefano Fiorucci, Elisabetta Antonelli, Olivia Morelli, Andrea Mencarelli, Alessandro Casini, Tommaso Mello, Barbara Palazzetti, Dominique Tallet, Piero del Soldato, and Antonio Morelli, which appeared in issue 15, July 17, 2001, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (98:8897–8902; first published July 10, 2001; 10.1073 pnas.151136298); (ii) PHARMACOLOGY. ‘‘NCX-1015, a nitric-oxide derivative of prednisolone, enhances regulatory T cells in the lamina propria and protects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice,’’ by Stefano Fiorucci, Elisabetta Antonelli, Eleonora Distrutti, Piero Del Soldato, Roderick J. Flower, Mark J. Paul Clark, Antonio Morelli, Mauro Perretti, and Louis J. Ignarro, which appeared in issue 24, November 26, 2002, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (99:15770–15775; first published November 11, 2002; 10.1073 pnas.232583599); and (iii) MEDICAL SCIENCES. ‘‘A -oxidation-resistant lipoxin A4 analog treats hapten-induced colitis by attenuating inflammation and immune dysfunction,’’ by Stefano Fiorucci, John L. Wallace, Andrea Mencarelli, Eleonora Distrutti, Giovanni Rizzo, Silvana Farneti, Antonio Morelli, Jih-Lie Tseng, Babu Suramanyam, William J. Guilford, and John F. Parkinson, which appeared in issue 44, November 2, 2004, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (101:15736–15741; first published October 25, 2004; 10.1073 pnas.0404722101). The editors wish to note that a reader has raised questions about the apparent duplication in the use of certain figures in the foregoing articles. We have been informed by the University of Perugia, Italy, of an ongoing review conducted by an inquiry committee at the university. We are awaiting the findings of the committee to determine the appropriate next steps.
Phage and MLVA Typing of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Layers and Humans in Belgium from 2000–2010, A Period in which Vaccination of Laying Hens was Introduced

The aim of the study was to characterize isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) obtained from humans and layer farms in Belgium collected during 2000–2010. Three periods were compared, namely (i) before implementation of vaccination (2000–2004), (ii) during voluntary vaccination (2005–2006) and (iii) during implementation of the national control program (NCP) for Salmonella including mandatory vaccination against S. Enteritidis (2007–2010). The characteristics compared across time periods were distributions of phage type and multiple‐locus variable number tandem‐repeat assay (MLVA). While PT4 and PT21 were predominantly isolated in Belgium in layers and humans before 2007, a significant reduction of those PTs was observed in both populations in the period 2007–2010. The relative proportion of PT4b, PT21c and PT6c was found to have increased considerably in the layer population since 2007. In the human population, PT8, PT1 and the group of ‘other’ PTs were more frequently isolated compared to the previous periods. When comparing the proportion of the predominant MLVA types Q2 and U2, no significant difference was found between the layer and human population in the three periods and between periods within each category (layer and human). A significant difference in isolate distribution among MLVA clusters I and II was found between human and layer isolates recovered during Period 3 and in the human population between Period 1 and 3. Results suggest that the association between S. Enteritidis in layers and the occurrence of the pathogen in humans changed since implementation of the NCP in 2007.