Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High temperature stress and exogenous applications of methyl jasmonate on peaches

High temperature shocks has been useful in some peach (Prunus persica) cultivars to prevent chilling injury, although undesirable side effects have been determined. Jasmonates play a role in signal transduction cascades, on the defense mechanism that plants have developed against biotic and abiotic stresses. Jasmonic acid (JA) and Methyl Jasmonate (MJ) show similar physiological responses. In this way, it would be expected that exogenous application of jasmonates may elicit a response similar to stress, to defend against stress, but without the undesirable effects or damage to fruits that stress may cause. The aim of this experiment was to compare thermal stress (40°C by 46 h) against different exogenous applications of MJ. Fruits of 'Dixiland' were immersed into solutions of 0, 10, 100 and 1000 μM by 30 s. Ethylene production was analyzed after the treatments every day up to ten days, and activities of Polygalacturonase (PG) an Pectinesterase (PE) were evaluated on days 0, 3 and 6 after treatments. Heat treated fruits and those treated with the highest concentration of MJ had a similar pattern in ethylene evolution, while on the other hand control fruits and those treated with 10 and 100 μM showed lower production of ethylene. This results may be an indication that, at least, some effects produced by heat treatments may be similarly induced by the external application of MJ. PE activity of fruits treated with MJ was lower than control and heat treated fruits only after 6 days since the end of treatments. There were no significant difference in PE activity among treatments by the end of treatments and after 3 days at 20°C. PG activity of MJ 1000 increased continuously from the end of treatment up to day 6 as compared to heat treated and control fruit.
A comparative study of the changes in different parameters and in the antioxidant activity of Dhaka- and Gouda-type cheeses during ripening

We compared the chemical composition, organic acids profiles, proteolysis pattern, and antioxidant activity of Dhaka-and Gouda-type cheeses during ripening. Both types of cheeses were prepared in the laboratory using raw milk and ripened for 2 months. The nitrogen distribution pattern, analyzed by the Kjeldahl method, showed significantly higher water-soluble nitrogen content and ripening index in Dhaka-type cheese than in Gouda- type cheese. The proteolysis pattern, analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), displayed a higher degradation rate of protein in Dhaka- type cheese after 2 months of ripening. The organic acids profiles of both types of cheese varied significantly during ripening. In addition, the water-soluble extract obtained from both types of cheese exhibited a high degree of antioxidant activity. These results strongly suggested the existence of not only bioactive peptides, but also microbial biodiversity in traditional Dhaka cheese.
Defensive glandular structures in opisthobranch molluscs : From histology to ecology

Opisthobranch molluscs are an extremely interesting group of animals, displaying a wide diversity in shape, colour and life strategies. Chemical ecology of this group is particularly appealing since most species have a reduced or absent shell and have developed chemical defences to avoid predation. New results on defensive glandular structures as well as a compilation of literature data in sea slugs (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca) are presented in this review. Investigation of these structures is based on detailed analyses of the histology of many representative species of all major taxa of the Opisthobranchia. The results are correlated with previous and new findings of secondary metabolites in these animals and are set in a phylogenetic context. Additionally, information on food sources is given. Also, an hypothetical scenario relating chemical ecology to histology is proposed. This information will help future analyses to investigate defensive devices on a much more accurate basis and allow a better understanding of evolutionary processes, which are observed independently in many opisthobranch clades.
Factors Influencing Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk in a High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurizer.

Heat resistance experiments were carried out with Listeria monocytogenes which had been grown at three different temperatures (30, 39, and 43°C). Heated whole milk was inoculated with L. monocytogenes and then passed through a high-temperature short-time system at 72, 69, 66, and 63°C for a minimum holding time of 16.2 s. Heated cells were recovered both aerobically and anaerobically using four different methods: direct plating, most probable number, cold enrichment, and warm enrichment. Significant differences in recovery of L. monocytogenes were observed depending on the growth temperature. Cells grown at 43, 39, or 30°C, held 1 d at 4°C, and then heated at 69°C showed an overall decrease in numbers of approximately 2.1, 2.8, and 4.1 logs, respectively. Cells grown at 39°C and then held 3 d at 4°C appeared to be the most heat sensitive. Although cells grown at 43 and 39°C were capable of surviving at the minimum high-temperature short-time temperature (72°C), those grown at 30°C were not. In some instances, anaerobic incubation enhanced the recovery of L. monocytogenes , as compared to cells recovered aerobically, although these differences were not statistically significant. While L. monocytogenes can survive minimum pasteurization treatment (71.7°C/16 s) under certain conditions, common methods of handling, processing, and storing fluid milk will provide an adequate margin of safety.
Typage moléculaire d'Aspergillus fumigatus par la technique de Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) : Applications épidémiologiques en milieu hospitalier

Au cours d'une epidemie d'aspergillose invasive survenue dans une Unite de greffe de moelle, 45 souches d'Aspergillus fumigatus ont ete isolees entre janvier 1993 et octobre 1994: 31 proviennent de 24 patients et 14 de prelevements d'air ou de surfaces. Toutes les souches isolees ont ete typees par « Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA » (RAPD) en utilisant 2 amorces differentes. Vingt-six profils differents ont ete identifies. Parmi les 31 souches de patients, 22 profils differents ont ete observes. Deux profils (C et D) ont ete retrouves chez 2 et 4 patients respectivement; les souches de patients de profil D ont et isolees a la meme periode contrairement aux souches de type C. Sur 14 souches d'environnement, une seule presente le profil D et 8 sur 14 ont le profil C. Aucun de ces 26 profils n'est commun a ceux observes avec 13 autres souches d'A. fumigatus isolees a la meme periode dans une autre unite d'hematologie de l'hopital. Le typage moleculaire par RAPD s'est revele efficace pour differencier des souches d'A. fumigatus; nous avons observe une grande heterogeneite parmi les souches de patients, ce qui n'est pas en faveur d'une contamination a partir d'une seule source. Cependant, on ne peut exclure une contamination nosocomiale car des profils semblables ont ete retrouves a partir des isolats de patients et de ceux d'environnement.
Localization of F-actin through the cell division cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Etude de la localisation de la F-actine durant les etapes du cycle cellulaire de S. pombe montrant qu'elle coincide avec la deposition de la paroi cellulaire et qu'elle se situe sous forme de points dans les petites cellules puisque la coloration pointillee devient bipolaire et qu'elle disparait faisant place a un anneau equatorial d'actine a la mitose
Comparative Study on the Effect of Heat Treatment and Sonication on the Quality of Barberry (Berberis Vulgaris) Juice

Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is an indigenous Iranian plant which its fruit is mainly consumed as fresh, dried and also used for juice production. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of thermal treatment and different sonication conditions on the characteristics of barberry juice. Additionally, the effect of both treatments on degradation kinetics of anthocyanins during refrigerated storage (at 4C) was also evaluated. Sonication and thermal treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced microbial counts. A significant increase in the total phenol content and antioxidant activity in all the sonicated juice samples was observed while the thermal treatment had adverse effect on these parameters. Sonication (especially in 70% amplitude) showed less effect on total anthocyanin and color of barberry juice compared to thermal treatment. The degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in all juice samples during refrigerated storage followed first-order kinetics. Half-life (t1/2) of anthocyanins was much shorter in thermal treatment sample (64.90 days) comparing with sonication samples (111.33–158.58 days). Practical Application In recent years, emerging non-thermal techniques, such as sonication, for inactivating microorganisms and improving the health related compounds and other quality parameters of fruit juices have been developed in food industry. Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is a new source of anthocyanins and antioxidant compounds which can be used as natural pigments in the industry. In this study the effects of thermal pasteurization and sonication on microbial growth and some important quality parameters of barberry juice were compared. The information obtained in our study will be useful for successful application of sonication treatment of barberry juice for preserving the quality of this product.
Effects of Introduced Brook Stickleback (Culaea inconstans) on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Nearshore Area of Lentic Systems in Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Washington

Abstract Non-native brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) have inhabited Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR) in Washington state since at least 1999. Their impact on aquatic habitats is unclear and is of concern as TNWR is managed for migratory waterfowl and the diets of waterfowl and brook stickleback overlap. This study compared the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of four TNWR lentic systems that contain brook stickleback with five lentic systems that are free of brook stickleback. Each lentic system was sampled once in each of three periods in 2012 (June through September). Timing significantly affected macroinvertebrate density in the lentic systems that do not have brook stickleback but not in those containing brook stickleback. Summed across all taxa and samplings, lentic systems without brook stickleback had nearly 10-fold higher macroinvertebrate density (4.24 L-1) and significantly more macroinvertebrate taxa than did lentic systems with the non-native fish (0.49 L-1). To determine whether brook stickleback could contribute to changes in macroinvertebrate communities, we conducted feeding trials under laboratory conditions. Brook stickleback were presented with macroinvertebrates from 10 abundant taxa; the fish consumed, on average, 89% of the macroinvertebrates and consumed individuals from each taxon. We found no evidence of gape-limitation in brook stickleback for the commonly-encountered size range of macroinvertebrates. These results indicate that brook stickleback may be partly responsible for the altered macroinvertebrate communities at TNWR and that these non-native fish are a substantial threat to the quality of aquatic habitats at TNWR and should be considered for classification as invasive in Washington state.
Importância da inter-relação carboidrato e proteína em dietas de ruminantes Importance of interrelation carbohydrate and protein in diets of ruminants

This literature review had as objective to relate the importance of the carbohydrate and protein synchronization in ruminant diets. The nutritional requirements systems to ruminant that give support to the diets formulations, require that the feeds commonly used in the feeding are fractional for best characterize them. Along the years there was considerable progress in the ruminant nutrition, but that progress, most of the time, was based on empiric determinations that not respected the multiple microbial interrelations and they considered the ruminal ecosystem are very complex and not understood.
Ethephon Treatment May Alleviate the Suppression of Female Flowers of Cucurbita Pepo under High Temperatures

When pumpkins are grown in elevated temperatures (32/27 °C day/night) for 1 week during flower development, fewer female flower buds are formed than at normal temperatures (20/15 °C) and only a small percentage of these reach anthesis. To determine if application of the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon can overcome the suppression of female flowers at high temperatures, 'Baby Bear' pumpkin plants were sprayed at the two-leaf stage with 100 or 300 μL·L -1 ethephon and then grown in hot and cool greenhouse compartments. At 20/15 °C, 17% of the first 15 main stem nodes produced female flower buds on control plants and virtually all of these developed into open flowers. The higher rate of ethephon increased female bud percentage to 37%. At 32/27 °C, only 3% of the nodes formed female flower buds and 2% flowered. Application of ethephon did not significantly increase female expression at high temperature, and none of the buds reached anthesis. Treatment with the inhibitor of ethylene action silver thiosulfate reduced female flower bud formation at the low temperature and entirely suppressed female flower buds at high temperature. In two additional experiments, these treatments were applied to two cultivars grown at a less extreme 32/20 and at 20/15 °C. Female buds and open flowers were moderately increased by ethephon in the high temperatures, suggesting that ethephon might foster female flowering in less extreme temperatures. Further work is needed to determine if ethephon treatment can overcome the heat-induced inhibition of female flowers in pumpkin under field conditions.
Evidence of cryptic and pseudocryptic speciation in Brachypodopsis baumi species complex (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Aturidae) from Borneo, with description of three new species

Abstract Water mites of the Brachypodopsis baumi species complex are confined to SE Asia, and up to now have been considered to belong to one species only. In the present study we used morphological data and DNA barcoding (556 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) to resolve taxonomic issues within the species complex from Borneo. The use of an integrative-taxonomy approach confirmed the identification of two “cryptic” species. , i.e., Brachypodopsis crockerensis sp. nov. and B. kinabaluensis sp. nov. and one “pseudocryptic” species B. selampandei sp. nov. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Paraxanopsis truncata was transferred to the subgenus Brachypodopsis (s. s.). Brachypodopsis. gibberipalpis (Viets, 1935), a taxon previously synonymized with B. baumi, which is reinstated as a valid species.
Conifer somatic embryogenesis - an efficient plant regeneration system for theoretical studies and mass propagation.

Since the first report of somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce in 1985, the in vitro process has been initiated for a number of conifer species belonging to different genera. The process of somatic embryogenesis involves initiation, proliferation, maturation and plantlets (emblings) regeneration. The initiation of somatic embryogenesis is restricted mostly to juvenile explants, although recently explants taken from adult trees produced embryogenic tissues. The successful initiation, maturation and emblings regeneration are affected by factors as developmental stage of primary explants, genotype, plant growth regulators content in the culture medium, light conditions. Optimisation of mentioned factors resulted in regeneration of emblings capable of growing after transfer to soil. Additional key words: in vitro, plant biotechnology, plant growth regulators (PGRs) Address: T. Salaj, R. Matusova, J. Salaj, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovak Republic, e-mail: terezia.salaj@savba.sk
Genetic diversity in Pakistani populations of Avena fatua revealed by seed storage protein polymorphism

Avena fatua L . i s a c o m m o n w e e d o f w h e a t f i e l d s a n d c a u s e s h u g e l o s s e s o f g r a i n y i e l d i n Pakistan. A preliminary study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of 199 A. fatua plants collected from 13 districts in Pakistan using seed storage protein polymorphism. A total number of 34 clearly distinguishable protein bands were detected. The number of bands detected for each population ranged from 24 to 34, and the percentage of the polymorphic bands ranged from 37.9 to 97% with an average of 73.4%. These variations were not associated with latitude, longitude, elevation, or sample size. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 33.1% of the total protein variation resided among the 13 populations, 6% between white and black seed types and 10.3% between plants collected from irrigated and rain fed fields. The most diverse (and distinct) population was from the Swabi district and the least diverse population from the Lakkimarwat district. More variation was observed for irrigation-associated plants than rain-associated plants. Similarly, more variation was detected in plants with white seeds than black seeds. These findings are useful for developing effective strategies to control A. fatua for sustainable agricultural production systems in Pakistan. A more comprehensive assessment is currently being performed with microsatellite markers to cover more A. fatua populations under various weed management practices.
Amino Acid Sequences within the α Subunit of Integrin αMβ2(Mac-1) Critical for Specific Recognition of C3bi†

Phagocytosis of opsonized particles by neutrophils and monocytes plays a central role in host defense mechanisms against foreign pathogens. This process depends on the interaction between C3bi, a degradation product derived from activation of the complement system, and the alpha M beta 2 (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1) receptor, the major integrin on neutrophils. Previous studies had established a central role for the I domain, a stretch of approximately 200 amino acids within the alpha M subunit in the binding of C3bi, as well as many other alpha M beta 2 ligands. The present study was undertaken to establish the molecular basis of C3bi recognition by alpha M beta 2. The strategy employed the use of a series of mutant receptors in which short segments of the I domain of alpha M were switched to the corresponding segments of alpha L, which is structurally very similar but does not bind C3bi. We report three major findings: (1) The C3bi binding pocket is composed of three regions, P147-R152, P201-K217, and K245-R261 of alpha M, which surround the cation binding site within the MIDAS motif of the I domain. (2) Within the latter segment, K245 plays a critical role in mediating C3bi binding to alpha M beta 2. Mutation of K245 to Ala significantly reduced C3bi binding but had no effect on binding of another alpha M beta 2 I domain ligand, NIF. (3) Blocking of C3bi binding to alpha M beta 2 by monoclonal antibodies is achieved through two different mechanisms: direct competition for the ligand binding site or induction of conformational changes. Overall, these studies support the hypothesis that many of the ligands of alpha M beta 2 bind to overlapping but not identical sites within the I domain. Although the same short structural segments within the I domain may be involved in binding, different amino acids within these segments may contact different ligands.
Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

There is a marked increase in oxidative stress in the lungs of patients with COPD, as measured by increased exhaled 8-isoprostane, ethane, and hydrogen peroxide in the breath. The lung may be exposed to exogenous oxidative stress from cigarette smoking and indoor or outdoor air pollution and to endogenous oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species released from activated inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, in the lungs. Oxidative stress in COPD may be amplified by a reduction in endogenous antioxidants and poor intake of dietary antioxidants. Oxidative stress is a major driving mechanism of COPD through the induction of chronic inflammation, induction of cellular senescence and impaired autophagy, reduced DNA repair, increased autoimmunity, increased mucus secretion, and impaired anti-inflammatory response to corticosteroids. Oxidative stress, therefore, drives the pathology of COPD and may increase disease progression, amplify exacerbations, and increase comorbidities through systemic oxidative stress. This suggests that antioxidants may be effective as disease-modifying treatments. Unfortunately, thiol-based antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, have been poorly effective, as they are inactivated by oxidative stress in the lungs, so there is a search for more effective and safer antioxidants. New antioxidants in development include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, NOX inhibitors, and activators of the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates several antioxidant genes.
Analyse du rôle du neuropeptide αCGRP à l'aide de souris mutantes αCGRP -/-

tonin Gene Related Peptide) a été étudié à l’aide de souris transgéniques knock out, obtenues après inactivation du gène endogène αCGRP. Ces souris mutantes pourront permettre, d’une part, d’identifier, par comparaison avec des souris contrôles de même lignage génétique, les fonctions dans lesquelles la protéine αCGRP se trouve engagée et, d’autre part, de développer d’éventuels modèles thérapeutiques pour les manifestations physiologiques entraînées par la perte du peptide (1).
Methane emission estimates from enteric fermentation in Indian livestock: Dry matter intake approach

Methane emission from enteric fermentation of Indian livestock is estimated using dry matter intake approach. Indian livestock emitted about 10.08 Tg methane due to enteric fermentation in the year 1994, in which crossbred cattle, indigenous cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep and other livestock (mule, yak, camel, donkey, pig, mithun, horse and pony) emitted about 4.6, 48.5, 39, 4.7, 1.8 and 1.4% respectively. Amongst states, methane emission was highest in Uttar Pradesh followed by Madhya Pradesh and Bihar due to their larger livestock population. Average methane emission for lactating animals was about 53.6 g CH 4 /kg milk; however, when the methane emission from whole livestock population (productive and non-productive male and female) was considered, the emission value was about 159.9 g CH 4 /kg milk. Studies for reducing uncertainty in methane emission estimate and mitigating the same from the livestock may be undertaken as it is a major sources category in the agriculture sector.
Phytophthora Its Biology Taxonomy Ecology And Pathology

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