Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SELECTED SCIENCE ON COMMUNITY CATS

In the ongoing and polarized dialogue concerning the role of non-lethal management, including trapneuter-return (TNR), in managing community cats, reference is often made to studies that demonstrate that this approach does not work. This selected bibliography points to studies that, among others not summarized here, comprise a body of work that shows TNR as a valuable tool in managing cat populations at the local level. Clearly, additional research would help us determine how non-lethal strategies can be best maximized as a tool for controlling cat populations, but we believe that the argument that it is indeed possible is past us now and that it is time to move forward with improving and perfecting this approach.
Spontaneous release of multiquantal miniature excitatory junction potentials induced by a Drosophila mutant.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibre No. 6 of the dorsal longitudinal flight muscle (DLM) of Drosophila melanogaster in both wild‐type flies and the temperature‐sensitive paralytic mutant, shibirets‐1 (shi). 2. Continuous recordings of the miniature excitatory junction potentials (MEJPs) in this fibre were made as the temperature was changed from 19 to 29 degrees C, and back to 19 degrees C. In shi flies, synapses become depleted of vesicles at 29 degrees C due to a temperature‐dependent blockage in the recycling process, while transmitter release proceeds normally. When the temperature is lowered to 19 degrees C, recycling is allowed to proceed and recovery of the full complement of synaptic vesicles gradually occurs in about 20 min. 3. It was observed that the MEJP amplitude distribution in shi flies was unimodal at 19 degrees C prior to heating (as was wild‐type), but during recovery from 8 min exposure to 29 degrees C became multimodal, with peaks at roughly integral multiples of the original peak prior to heating. This effect was never seen in wild‐type flies. 4. Also, during recovery, the MEJP did not occur randomly, but rather occurred in a clustered fashion. 5. It is concluded that during recovery from depletion in shi neuromuscular junctions, a condition exists which causes the synchronization of spontaneous release, causing multiquantal MEJPs or clustering of MEJPs, depending on the degree of synchronization. 6. The possible role of Ca2+ in this phenomenon is discussed.
New Details About the Frequency Behavior of Irradiated Bipolar Operational Amplifiers

The frequency behavior of a bipolar operational amplifier (op amp) is always expected to worsen when the device is irradiated. In other words, parameters like the slew rate and the gain-bandwidth product are to decrease after either neutron or gamma tests. However, some neutron and TID tests performed on a large variety of bipolar op amps have shown that the evolution of the frequency behavior is not as simple as it is usually believed. In fact, there is evidence of an increasing influence of the power supply values on the former parameters, which can be extremely important in some devices. Also, the relationship among different frequency parameters has been investigated and, finally, an interesting and scarcely reported phenomenon is depicted. This phenomenon is the appearance of spontaneous oscillations in fed-back op amps, without doubt related to the modification of the gain and phase margins of the devices
Vertically integrated voltage-controlled oscillator in LTCC at K-Band

A fully integrated K-band voltage controlled oscillator module is presented. The design is realized in low temperature co-fired ceramics, making extensively use of the multilayer features and advanced capabilities of this substrate system. The interior packaging technology exclusively utilizes flip-chip mounting of bare semiconductors. As a key element, a varactor-tuned substrate-integrated-waveguide resonator and the associated design constraints are presented. The hybrid oscillator is integrated in a hermetic surface mount package of 8mmx 12.5mm, achieving an output power of more than 6 dBm in a tuning range between 19.58GHz – 20.2GHz. The measured phase noise is −118 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, a figure-of-merit of −184.7 dB for this design.
Extraction of nuclei from sonchus yellow net rhabdovirus-infected plants yields a polymerase that synthesizes viral mRNAs and polyadenylated plus-strand leader RNA

Although the primary sequence of the genome of the plant rhabdovirus sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) has been determined, little is known about the composition of the viral polymerase or the mechanics of viral transcription and replication. In this paper, we report the partial isolation and characterization of an active SYNV polymerase from nuclei of SYNV-infected leaf tissue. A salt extraction procedure is shown to be an effective purification step for recovery of the polymerase from the nuclei. Full-length, polyadenylated SYNV N and M2 mRNAs and plus-strand leader RNA are among the products of the in vitro polymerase reactions. Polyadenylation of the plus-strand leader RNA in vitro is shown with RNase H and specific oligonucleotides. This is the first report of a polyadenylated plus-strand leader RNA for a minus-strand RNA virus, a feature that may reflect adaptation of SYNV to replication in the nucleus. Analysis of the SYNV proteins present in the polymerase extract suggests that the N, M2, and L proteins are components of the transcription complex. Overall, the system we developed promises to be useful for an in-depth characterization of the mechanics of SYNV RNA synthesis.
Cerebrospinal fluid tau, phospho‐tau181 and β‐amyloid1−42 in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a discrimination from Alzheimer's disease

The aim of the present study was the quantitation of total tau protein (τT), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (τP‐181) and β‐amyloid1−42 (Aβ42) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and controls. Double sandwich ELISAs (Innogenetics) were used for the measurements. Total tau was significantly increased in iNPH and highly increased in AD as compared with the control group, whilst Aβ42 was decreased in both diseases. CSF τP−181 levels were significantly increased only in AD, but not in iNPH as compared with the controls. A cut‐off level for τT at 300 pg/ml, successfully discriminated AD from normal aging with a 95.8% specificity and 91% sensitivity; whilst the τP‐181/τT ratio (cut‐off value 0.169) was more specific (100%) but less sensitive (92.5%). For the discrimination of iNPH from AD τT achieved low specificity (77.8%) but high sensitivity (92.5%), whilst τP‐181 (cut‐off value 47.4) was both sensitive and specific (88.7% and 86.7% respectively) for the discrimination of these disorders. The present study, despite being clinical, supports the notion that CSF τP‐181 alone or in combination with τT may be a useful marker in the discrimination of iNPH from AD.
Information support of technogenic safety management on the basis of mathematical modeling and GIS technologies

This article is focuses on the integrated analysis of the condition of technogenic safety of territory for information support of decision-making at different levels of management. The classification of the territorial system's objects, based on a classification scale with overlapping classes of condition is offered. Use of statistical indexes calculated on the basis of the classification task solution to estimate changes in the condition of territorial system on the individual and on the basis of complex features is described. As an example of use of the developed method, the analysis of changing conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan territory for a row of years on two features characterizing negative impact of the fires is carried out.
Hand Dominance, Attention, and the Choice between Responses

Thirty pairs of matched right- and left-handed subjects carried out a serial C.RT task involving reaches between 2.4 cm square contact grids set at 2.4 cm intervals in a horizontal line. In one condition they responded with the right hand alone, in a second with the left and in a third they had to choose between hands on each trial responding to left side grids with the left hand and to right side grids with the right. All subjects took longer to respond when they had to choose between hands than when they used either hand alone. In the one-hand conditions neither group showed any effect of hand dominance. When choices had to be made between hands both groups responded faster with their dominant than with their nondominant hands. Analysis of the results was undertaken in terms of two hypothetical systems of instructions which might control machines designed to carry out similar tasks. It is concluded that in some tasks hand dominance can be described in terms of an attentional bias towards the field of operation of one effector rather than another. In the present task the effects of such possible attentional biases were shown not to interact with other effects, such as the facilitation of successive responses by repeated use of the same limb. These latter effects seem to depend on processes underlying execution of responses rather than choices between responding limbs.
17beta-estradiol potentiates ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic ovariectomized female rats.

UNLABELLED To investigate the effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic ovariectomized female rats. Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic female rats received E2 treatment for 2 weeks after ovariectomy (OVX). A period of 90 min of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was used for the study. Rats were evaluated for physiological data including plasma glucose, E2, MAP, PaCO2 and PaO2 before and after tMCAO. P-selectin expression, myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity and the cerebral infarct volume were analyzed. RESULTS The infarct volume in the E2-treated OVX rats is bigger than that in intact and OVX groups. However, there is not a significant different area of cerebral infarct between diabetic OVX and intact rats. Significant upregulation of P-selectin expression and MPO activity of the ischemia-reperfusion hemisphere were observed in E2 + OVX, intact and OVX groups at 8, 24, 72 h in time manner after tMCAO compared with that of the contralateral hemisphere of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Both P-selectin expression and MPO activity in the E2 + OVX and intact rats are significantly higher than that in the untreated OVX rats. Chronic estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) potentiates the I/R injury in diabetes female rats. This may be related to the increased expression of P-selectin and MPO activity.
The value of trauma scores: predicting discharge after traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE To determine the association of acute variables with disposition after acute hospitalization. DESIGN Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and the Combined Trauma Score Injury Severity Score (TRISS(RTS)) were compared with discharge disposition after acute hospitalization of 378 consecutive patients who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and were treated at a level 1 trauma center between September 1997 and May 1998. RESULTS Logistic regression modeling found TRISS(RTS) to predict discharge to home with or without home health assistance or inpatient rehabilitation vs. nursing home placement or death. Subsequent modeling, excluding patients who died or went to nursing homes, identified RTS and ISS as predictors of discharge to home with or without home health vs. inpatient rehabilitation. A sensitivity of 97.78% and 93.91% were achieved with these two models when tested on a population of 4,625 patients with TBI treated during the last 10 yr at the same facility. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that RTS, ISS, and TRISS(RTS) are predictors of discharge disposition after acute hospitalization with TBI and may be useful measures of rehabilitation services resource planning early in the course of TBI management.
The rural-to-urban malnutrition gradient. A key factor in the pathogenesis of urban slums.

When the idea of studying the role of malnutrition in the pathogenesis of slums was conceived, the notion that malnutrition plays not one, but a number of roles in the establishment, evolution, prognosis, and therapy of this disease of human groups was not clearly perceived. No other single factor affects the slum inhabitant as adversely as malnutrition. In the adult, it lowers his working capacity and makes him more susceptible to disease and less capable of tolerating the physical environmental insults or the physiologic demands of pregnancy and lactation. The children who survive face the tragic fate (where the word tragic is used as Whitehead defined it, not to mean unhappiness, but the ". remorseless working of things—the inevitableness of destiny."1) of being less endowed because they either suffered irreparable brain damage early in life2,3or lost their opportunity for receiving an education due to frequent illness or because of having
Review of the Hair Follicle Origin Hypothesis for Basal Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer treated by the dermatologic surgeon. The discovery that patients with the nevoid BCC syndrome had mutations in the human homologue of the Drosophila patched gene led to a rapid increase in our understanding of the pathogenesis of BCC. It is theorized that altered regulation at multiple steps in the patched signal transduction pathway may contribute to the development of BCC. This pathway also plays an essential role in embryonic hair follicle development and during the hair cycle. Taken together, a considerable body of evidence suggests that at least some BCC may be derived from deregulated patched signaling in hair follicle stem cells. OBJECTIVE To review evidence of a follicular derivation of BCC and to highlight emerging therapeutic strategies to block deregulated patched signaling in BCC. CONCLUSION Deregulation of the patched signal transduction pathway is present in the vast majority of human BCCs. Pharmacologic inhibitors of this pathway may offer a therapeutic strategy to block tumor growth.
Effects of Prehypertension and Hypertension Subtype on Cardiovascular Disease in the Asia-Pacific Region

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure defined blood pressure (BP) levels of 120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg as prehypertension and those of ≥140/90 mm Hg as hypertension. Hypertension can be divided into 3 categories, isolated diastolic (IDH; systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg), isolated systolic (systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mmHg), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg). Although there is clear evidence that isolated systolic hypertension and systolic-diastolic hypertension increase the risks of future vascular events, there remains uncertainty about the effects of IDH. The objective was to determine the effects of prehypertension and hypertension subtypes (IDH, isolated systolic hypertension, and systolic-diastolic hypertension) on the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Asia-Pacific Region. The Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration is an individual participant data overview of cohort studies in the region. This analysis included a total of 346570 participants from 36 cohort studies. Outcomes were fatal and nonfatal CVD. The relationship between BP categories and CVD was explored using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, cholesterol, and smoking and stratified by sex and study. Compared with normal BP (<120/80 mmHg), hazard ratios (95% CIs) for CVD were 1.41 (1.31–1.53) for prehypertension, 1.81 (1.61–2.04) for IDH, 2.18 (2.00–2.37) for isolated systolic hypertension, and 3.42 (3.17–3.70) for systolic-diastolic hypertension. Separately significant effects of prehypertension and hypertension subtypes were also observed for coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. In the Asia-Pacific region, prehypertension and all hypertension subtypes, including IDH, thus clearly predicted increased risks of CVD.
Postural Control While Sitting and Its Association with Risk of Falls in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Ryoichi Hayashi1, Takeshi Hayashi2, Junpei Aizawa3, Hiroaki Nagase4 and Shinji Ohara5 1Department of Neurology, Okaya City Hospital, 2Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kobe University 3Department of Material Technology, Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center, 4Department of Information Technology, Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center 5Department of Neurology, Matsumoto Medical Center Japan
Identification of two cell populations required for mouse immunocompetence.

Two cell populations participating in the mouse immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) are identified. Cells of one population can attach SRBC by means of surface receptors. These cells are present in bone marrow and spleen. Bone marrow receptor-bearing cells show synergism with thymus in response to SRBC in a cell transfer assay. Cells with receptors for antigen act as the direct cellular precursors of antibody-producing cells. Receptor-bearing cells may be fractionated from hematopoietic colony-forming units. The second cell population required for an immune response to SRBC acts in conjunction with receptor-bearing cells. This population is present in the peripheral lymphoid organs and can be fractionated from the receptor-bearing cells of these organs. This cell population is called the peripheral thymic population because its role in the immune response can be carried out by thymocytes.
Dependent ML An approach to practical programming with dependent types

Abstract We present an approach to enriching the type system of ML with a restricted form of dependent types, where type index terms are required to be drawn from a given type index language ${\cal L}$ that is completely separate from run-time programs, leading to the DML(${\cal L}$) language schema. This enrichment allows for specification and inference of significantly more precise type information, facilitating program error detection and compiler optimization. The primary contribution of the paper lies in our language design, which can effectively support the use of dependent types in practical programming. In particular, this design makes it both natural and straightforward to accommodate dependent types in the presence of effects such as references and exceptions.
Formation of self-assembled nanoscale graphene/graphene oxide photomemristive heterojunctions using photocatalytic oxidation

Photocatalytic oxidation of graphene with ZnO nanoparticles was found to create self-assembled graphene oxide/graphene (G/GO) photosensitive heterostructures, which can be used as memristors. Oxygen groups released during photodecomposition of water molecules on the nanoparticles under ultraviolet light, oxidized graphene, locally forming the G/GO heterojunctions with ultra-high density. The G/GO nanostructures have non-linear current–voltage characteristics and switch the resistance in the dark and under white light, providing four resistive states at room temperature. Photocatalytic oxidation of graphene with ZnO nanoparticles is proposed as an effective method for creating two-dimensional memristors with a photoresistive switching for ultra-high capacity non-volatile memory.
CHAPTER 21 Sensory and Motor Brain Areas Supporting Biological Motion Perception : Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Studies

Perceiving and interpreting another individual’s movements and actions is one of the most fundamental processes for an organism’s survival and well-being. Whether the process is one of tracking and hunting prey, detecting and avoiding predators, learning to solve a problem from observation, or inferring and acting in accordance with social cues, in many biologically relevant situations, organisms must be able to observe their conspecifi cs and understand what their movements and actions mean. In primates, the perception of body movements is supported by a network of lateral superior temporal, inferior parietal, and inferior frontal brain areas (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004). At least two of these regions contain mirror neurons in the macaque monkey, which are neurons that fi re not only during the execution of an action, but also during the visual perception of the same action (see below). Th us, this network has become known as the mirror neuron system . However, whether the macaque mirror neuron system and the brain areas involved in action perception in the human brain are analogous is currently a topic of debate (e.g., Dinstein, Th omas, Behrmann, & Heeger, 2008; Kilner, Neal, Weiskopf, Friston, & Frith, 2009). Th us, here, we will instead use the more neutral term action perception system (APS). In this chapter, I discuss the APS with a focus on biological motion. Th e goal will be to link the visual perception literature on biological motion to the APS. I will start with a summary of the neuroanatomy and connectivity of the human brain, with particular focus on the APS. Th en, I will summarize neuroimaging and neuropsychological experiments that have revealed brain regions that are involved in and necessary for biological motion perception. I’ll conclude with a discussion of some active research questions that are of interest to biological motion and action perception research today.
Personality and second language learning

This paper examines the relationships which exist between personality and second language learning and adds to the data available on the use of a highly respected personality indicator, the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Language learning and academic success are both highly correlated with intelligence, but research suggests that the importance of intelligence declines after high school age, partly because of the stronger effects of personality. This study places emphasis on the importance of personality in learning success and examines research evidence on the issue, discussing some of the inconsistent results that have been obtained. A study of 100 Hong Kong university undergraduates was carried out to add to this research base. The instruments used were the MBTI for personality traits, the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (S.I.L.L.) for learning strategies and a standardized test for language proficiency. Significant statistical relationships were not found and the reasons for this are discussed.