Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autophagy and Development Autophagy in the Development of Invertebrates Drosophila melanogaster

Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated degradation pathway used by eukaryotes to recycle cytosolic components in both basal and stress conditions. Several genes have been described as regulators of autophagy, many of them being evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. The study of autophagy-defective model systems has made it possible to highlight the importance of correctly functioning autophagic machinery in the development of invertebrates as, for example, during the complex events of fly and worm metamorphosis. In vertebrates, on the other hand, autophagy defects can be lethal for the animal if the mutated gene is involved in the early stages of development, or can lead to severe phenotypes if the mutation affects later stages. However, in both lower and higher eukaryotes, autophagy seems to be crucial during embryogenesis by acting in tissue remodeling in parallel with apoptosis. An increase of autophagic cells is, in fact, observed in the embryonic stages characterized by massive cell elimination. Moreover, autophagic processes probably protect cells during metabolic stress and nutrient paucity that occur during tissue remodeling. In light of such evidence, it can be concluded that there is a close interplay between autophagy and the processes of cell death, proliferation and differentiation that determine the development of higher eukaryotes.
The Relationship between Person-Environment fit, Grit, and Task performance: A mediation analysis

Background: The global economy of the 21st century requires the enhancement of employee performance more than ever. Two factors, which have been identified as predictors of work-related performance, were combined into a conceptual model in this study. Person-Environment fit (P-E fit) theory states that the alignment between individuals’ characteristics and environmental aspects result in the enhancement of performance. The personality trait grit, which is defined as the ability to achieve performance with a high amount of stamina, has been identified as a predictor of performance more recently. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether grit mediates the relationship between P-E fit and performance. Additionally, was the aim to gain a deeper understanding whether grit can be influenced by third variables, which also predict performance, i.e. P-E fit. Therefore P-E fit and grit were combined as important predictors of task performance in this study. Method: In a cross-sectional study, the associative relationship between P-E fit, grit and task performance was examined. A sample of 153 employed participants, gathered by means of convenience sampling, completed a survey pertaining to their perceived P-E fit-, grit- and task performance-level. Results: The results indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between P-E fit, grit, and task performance. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that P-E fit as well as grit predicted employees’ task performance level. Furthermore, was grit found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between P-E fit and task performance. Conclusion: The results provide support for grit as predictor of performance and showed that grit can be influenced indeed. Grit explained, as a mediator, the underlying process through which P-E fit is associated with performance. Practical implications imply that interventions, which aim at increasing P-E fit, might be beneficial for the employee in order to deal with challenging work environments. It seems that by means of a good P-E fit, employees can make use of their grit more easily in order to achieve performance.
Heike Link Wolfgang Götze Veli Himanen Estimating the marginal costs of airport operation by using multivariate time series models with correlated error terms

The research presented in this paper was motivated by the central role of infrastructure charging in European transport policy. It is dedicated to the question whether and to what extent marginal infrastructure costs of airports, e.g. the marginal costs of maintaining, renewing and operating airport infrastructure, play a significant role for charging. The analysis presented in this paper is based on hourly cost and traffic data for the airport of Helsinki. In contrast to the standard formulation of cost function analysis our research focuses on one factor input only, the labour cost which is the dominant cost component for the case study airport. This factor input can safely assumed to be the most relevant category for analysing cost variability and deriving marginal costs. The analysis makes use of a multivariate time series approach with specific models for correlated error terms to account for random shocks such as delays. The major result is for almost all airport service areas a linear relationship between labour cost and aircraft movements with an average marginal cost of € 22.60. An exception is the relationship between the staff costs for passenger services and international departing flights where a cubic cost relationship was estimated. Our quantitative findings are comparable with earlier findings for U.S. airports.
Proteomic characterization of grapevine exposed to manganese and powdery mildew stresses | 5157 oxidation

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short(6 h) and long(2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
Combinations-Lactamase Inhibitor β −-Lactam β Biochemical Rationale for the Use of BlaC Lead to Clavulanate Resistance ? : a-Lactamase β Mycobacterium tuberculosis Can Inhibitor-Resistant Substitutions in the

Published Ahead of Print 23 September 2013. 10.1128/AAC.01253-13. 2013, 57(12):6085. DOI: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Robert A. Bonomo Xu, Lee W. Tremblay, John S. Blanchard, Liem Nguyen and Christopher R. Bethel, Andrea M. Hujer, Kerri M. Smith, Yan Sebastian G. Kurz, Kerstin A. Wolff, Saugata Hazra, Combinations -Lactamase Inhibitor β − -Lactam β Biochemical Rationale for the Use of BlaC Lead to Clavulanate Resistance? : a -Lactamase β Mycobacterium tuberculosis Can Inhibitor-Resistant Substitutions in the
Impact of Media Coverage and Motivation on Political Information Reconciling Passive and Motivated Learning : The Saturation-Conditional

Representative democracy requires that citizens express informed political opinions, and in order to inform their opinions, they must have the opportunity to acquire relevant facts from the media. In view of increasing audience segmentation, such opportunity may vary according to how widely political information diffuses across the various sources available in a media environment. However, it remains uncertain how differences in information saturation correspond with differences in information acquisition. Drawing on data from a rolling cross-sectional survey with nearly 60 waves and media content analyses spanning four European countries, this article examines whether a wider availability of information in collective media environments facilitates acquisition of such information. It also specifies the conditions under which this effect differs for people with different levels of learning motivation. Using a multilevel model, we find the media environment to be a remarkably powerful force in equipping people with political information. We also find that bettermotivated citizens initially benefit disproportionately from the availability of information, yet motivation-based discrepancies in learning disappear entirely when media coverage becomes more prevalent.
Parameter Description Maternal placental blood flow Oxygen delivery to the placenta is the product of blood flow and the oxygen concentration in arterial blood Oxygen capacity of maternal blood Determined by the haemoglobin concentration Oxygen affinity of maternal blood

A review is given of the factors determining placental oxygen transfer and the oxygen supply to the fetus. In the case of continuous variables, such as the rate of placental blood flow, it is not possible to trace evolutionary trends. Discontinuous variables, for which we can define character states, are more amenable to analysis. This is exemplified by factors contributing, respectively, to blood oxygen affinity and placental diffusing capacity. Comparative genomics has given fresh insight into the evolution of the beta-globin gene complex. In higher primates, duplication of an embryonic gene yielded HBG-T2, a gene that is expressed in the fetus and confers high oxygen affinity on its haemoglobin. A separate event in ruminants involved duplication of an adult gene, again resulting in a fetally expressed variant (HBB-T3) that conveys high oxygen affinity. In rodents and lagomorphs, where fetal and adult haemoglobin are not different, developmental regulation of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate ensures the high oxygen affinity of fetal blood. Oxygen diffusing capacity is dependent on diffusion distance, which may vary with the type of interhaemal barrier. It has been shown that epitheliochorial placentation is a derived state and that the common ancestor of placental mammals probably had a placenta of the endotheliochorial type. Where evolutionary trends are implied for mammals as a whole or within orders such as primates they often accompany a switch in reproductive strategy that is manifested in a change of newborn state from poorly developed (altricial) to well developed (precocial). 2009 Published by IFPA and Elsevier Ltd.
Mathematical Model of Dynamic Games of Imperfect Agency--Based on Conspiracy of SMEs and Bank Managers

Abstract: In China, state-owned commercial banks have monopoly position on the banking loan market. This paper constructs a two-stage dynamic game model to analyze the conspiracy in decision-making of bank loans, based on the establishment of relationship lend between SMEs and managers in large banks. Results indicate the existence of an optimal equilibrium as the solution of conspiracy. A revised mathematical model analysis with relaxed assumption shows that: if the state-owned banks have the mastery of large amounts of capital, supervision of SMEs lending are weak, and bank manager has the control of complete information of enterprises, the conspiracy tendencies for both parties will be more obvious. The conspiracy based on relationship lends between banks and enterprises will greatly damage the interests of banks and extrude high-quality SMEs. Key words: Mathematical Model; Dynamic Game; Conspiracy;Relationship Lend
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 1 . Prevention of diabetic foot ulceration

Anil Hingorani, MD, Glenn M. LaMuraglia, MD, Peter Henke, MD, Mark H. Meissner, MD, Lorraine Loretz, DPM, MSN, NP, Kathya M. Zinszer, DPM, MPH, FAPWCA, Vickie R. Driver, DPM, MS, FACFAS, Robert Frykberg, DPM, MPH, MAPWCA, Teresa L. Carman, MD, FSVM, William Marston, MD, Joseph L. Mills Sr, MD, and Mohammad Hassan Murad, MD, MPH, Brooklyn, NY; Boston and Worcester, Mass; Ann Arbor, Mich; Seattle, Wash; Danville, Pa; Providence, RI; Phoenix Ariz; Cleveland, Ohio; Chapel Hill, NC; Houston, Tex; and Rochester, Minn
2 Main Challenges and Related Work for MANET – Internet Integration

The development of the Internet services and applications and the trend in the fourth generation (4G) wireless networks to all-IP networks have led to a growing demand for enabling Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) to connect to the Internet and achieving the goal of omnipresence Internet which is accessible anytime and anywhere. However, such integration gives rise to a number of challenges. In this paper, an efficient framework which has considered six main challenges encountered in the MANET–Internet integration is proposed. An adaptive distributed multipath internet gateways discovery protocol is proposed, where the gateways advertise their information dynamically to an adaptive limited number of mobile nodes. For mobile nodes that cannot receive this information, an efficient dynamic routing algorithm for MANETs–Internet integration derived from the ant colony optimization algorithms is proposed. In addition, an improved Quality of Services based gateway selection mechanism providing load-balancing is proposed. The simulation study confirms that the proposed framework is scalable and able to cope with changes on the number and mobility of active sources connecting to the Internet and outperforms other conventional approaches in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio while attaining acceptable overhead and fair load distribution among all gateways.
KEY POINTS Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy is effective in removal of bile duct stones in the majority of cases

Recent findings Pancreatic and/or biliary sphincterotomies are essential components of most current therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A current large body of evidence has established biliary sphincterotomy as effective in extraction of bile duct stones. The most common complications of biliary sphincterotomy are post-ERCP pancreatitis, as well as acute or delayed hemorrhage, the risks for which can be stratified according to well described patient and procedure related factors. Evidence is accumulating that pancreatic sphincterotomy is useful in at least some settings for treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreas divisum. EBD provides an adjunct or an alternative to biliary sphincterotomy for extraction of stones from the bile duct when routine biliary sphincterotomy is inadequate or risk excessive.
Controversies and Progress in IGF-1 and Aging GH and IGF 1 : Roles in Energy Metabolism of Long-Living GH Mutant Mice

MANY theories have been presented over the last several decades to explain exceptional longevity in animals and humans. Perhaps, the most robust of these to date focuses on three interrelated endocrine systems: the growth hormone (GH), insulin and its hormone homologs, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways. As far down the evolutionary ladder as yeast, there is strong evidence that a carbohydrate regulatory system exists and that if perturbed, life span extension is observed. As one moves up the ladder to nematodes and fruit flies, both insulin and IGF become important in the maintenance of metabolism. Similar to yeast, if ligand or receptor expression or signaling factors in these pathways are disrupted (ie, nematode daf-2; Drosophila chico), an extension of life span is observed. In the mammalian system, the endocrine system becomes more complex with the addition of GH, a hormone that controls circulating IGF1 levels and thus has somatic actions yet also exhibits key metabolic functions that are independent of IGF1. Disturbing the GH pathway either by severely reducing plasma levels or by receptor disruption significantly extends health span and life span in mice. Key Characteristics of Long-Lived GH-Related Mutants The Ames dwarf, Snell dwarf, and GH receptor knockout (Ghr–/–) mice are the longest living mouse mutants discovered to date (1–3). The Ames and Snell dwarfs are phenotypically identical with similar hormone deficits caused by loss-of-function mutations that affect proper differentiation of the same pituitary cell types. Mutations in Prop-1 and Pit-1 result in deficient circulating GH, prolactin, and thyrotropin in Ames and Snell mice, respectively (4,5). As a consequence of the lack of plasma GH stimulation, plasma IGF1 levels are barely discernable in these mice (6). On average, Ames mice live 49%–69% longer (males and females, respectively), whereas Snell dwarfs live nearly 50% longer than their normal counterparts (1,2,7). The differences in life span between these dwarf mice result from differences in genetic background rather than the pituitary deficiencies. The other long-living GH mutant, the Ghr–/– mouse, was generated by targeted disruption of the GH receptor and GH-binding protein (8). These mice live up to 46% longer than wild-type siblings and also exhibit undetectable circulating levels of IGF1 owing to dysfunctional GH Translational Article
RSCAS 2012/50 Evaluating policies to attain the optimal exposure to nuclear risk

This paper describes how limited liability leads to risk-loving behaviour in nuclear power companies and unsafe nuclear power plants. By reviewing current regulatory regimes, we show that this issue is not being sufficiently addressed today. Therefore, we evaluate five regulatory instruments: (1) safety regulation, (2) minimum equity requirements, (3) mandatory insurance, (4) risk-sharing pools, and (5) catastrophe bonds. We conclude that none of these instruments in its pure form can be recommended. Thus, we propose a new approach that, in its core, consists of a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, capital markets assess the risk stemming from each nuclear power plant via catastrophe bonds. In the second step, the regulator uses this private risk assessment and intervenes by charging an actuarially fair premium in the form of a Pigouvian risk fee. Society ultimately acts as an explicit insurer for nuclear risk and is, on average, fairly compensated for the risk it is taking over.
Electropotential waves , Ca 2 + fluxes and ellular cascades along the propagation pathway art

This review explores the relationships between electrical long-distance signalling, Ca2+ influx coincident with propagation of electropotential waves, and cellular responses to Ca2+ influx including the consequences for sieve-tube conductivity and mass flow. Ca2+ influx is inherent to electropotential waves and appears to constitute the key link between rapid physical signals and resultant chemical cascades in sieve tubes and adjacent cells. Members of several channel groups are likely involved the regulation of Ca2+ levels in sieve elements. Among them are hyperpolarization-activated, depolarization-activated, and mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels located in the plasma membrane and Ca2+ dependent Ca2+ channels that reside in ER-membranes of sieve elements. These channels collectively determine intracellular Ca2+ levels in sieve elements and their neighbour cells. The latter cells react to Ca2+ elevation by inducing diverse 2+ hloem cell-biology ieve-plate occlusion functional responses dependent on the cell type. If the Ca concentration in sieve elements surpasses a threshold level, dual sieve-plate occlusion by proteins and callose deposition is triggered. Occlusion is reversed when Ca2+ levels subside. Electrical messages may regulate the degree of sieve plate hydraulic conductivity in intact plants by partial sieve-plate occlusion that has a major impact on volume flow through sieve tubes. Furthermore, complete but temporary occlusion of sieve tubes may modify mass flow patterns in intact plants. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Full title : VCP 746 , a Novel A 1 Adenosine Receptor Biased Agonist , Reduces Hypertrophy in a Rat Neonatal Cardiac Myocyte Model Short title : VCP 746 and Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12616 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Received Date : 25-Mar-2016 Revised Date : 06-Jun-2016 Accepted Date : 30-Jun-2016 Article type : Original Article
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology SMAD 2 , SMAD 3 and SMAD 4 Mutations in Colorectal Cancer

Activation of the canonical TGF-b signaling pathwayprovides growth inhibitory signals in the normal intestinal epithelium. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic mutations in the pathway members TGFBR2 and SMAD4, but towhat extentmutations in SMAD2 or SMAD3 contribute to tumorigenesis is unclear. A cohort of 744 primary CRCs and 36 CRC cell lines were sequenced for SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 and analyzed for allelic loss by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)microarray analysis.Mutation spectrawere compared between the genes, the pathogenicity of mutations was assessed, and relationships with clinicopathologic features were examined. The prevalence of SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3mutations in sporadic CRCs was 8.6% (64 of 744), 3.4% (25 of 744), and 4.3% (32 of 744), respectively. A significant overrepresentation of two genetic hits was detected for SMAD4 and SMAD3, consistent with these genes acting as tumor suppressors. SMAD4mutations were associated with mucinous histology. Themutation spectra of SMAD2 and SMAD3were highly similar to that of SMAD4, both in mutation type and location within the encoded proteins. In silico analyses suggested the majority of the mutations were pathogenic, with most missense changes predicted to reduce protein stability or hinder SMAD complex formation. The latter altered interface residues or disrupted the phosphorylation-regulated Ser-Ser-XSer motifs within SMAD2 and SMAD3. Functional analyses of selected mutations showed reductions in SMAD3 transcriptional activity and SMAD2–SMAD4 complex formation. Joint biallelic hits in SMAD2 and SMAD3 were overrepresented andmutually exclusive to SMAD4mutation, underlining the critical roles of these three proteins within the TGF-b signaling pathway. Cancer Res; 73(2); 725–35. 2012 AACR.
Microreview Exploitation of endophytes for sustainable agricultural intensification

Intensive agriculture, which depends on unsustainable levels of agrochemical inputs, is environmentally harmful, and the expansion of these practices to meet future needs is not economically feasible. Other options should be considered to meet the global food security challenge. The plant microbiome has been linked to improved plant productivity and, in this microreview, we consider the endosphere – a subdivision of the plant microbiome. We suggest a new definition of microbial endophyte status, the need for synergy between fungal and bacterial endophyte research efforts, as well as potential strategies for endophyte application to agricultural systems.