Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shorebirds as important vectors for plant dispersal in Europe

Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) undergo rapid migrations with potential for long-distance dispersal (LDD) of plants. We studied the frequency of endozoochory by shorebirds in different parts of Europe covering a broad latitudinal range and different seasons. We assessed whether plants dispersed conformed to morphological dispersal syndromes. A total of 409 excreta samples (271 faeces and 138 pellets) were collected from redshank Tringa totanus , black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus , pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta , northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus , Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa in south-west Spain, north-west England, southern Ireland and Iceland in 2005 and 2016, and intact seeds were extracted and identified. Godwits were sampled just before or after migratory movements between England and Iceland. The germinability of seeds was tested. Intact diaspores were recovered from all bird species and study areas, and were present in 13% of samples overall. Thirteen plant families were represented, including Charophyceae and 26 angiosperm taxa. Only four species had an ‘endozoochory syndrome’. Four alien species were recorded. Ellenberg values classified three species as aquatic and 20 as terrestrial. Overall, 89% of seeds were from terrestrial plants, and 11% from aquatic plants. Average seed length was higher in redshank pellets than in their faeces. Six species were germinated, none of which had an endozoochory syndrome. Seeds were recorded during spring and autumn migration. Plant species recorded have broad latitudinal ranges consistent with LDD via shorebirds. Crucially, morphological syndromes do not adequately predict LDD potential, and more empirical work is required to identify which plants are dispersed by shorebirds. Incorporating endozoochory by shorebirds and other migratory waterbirds into plant distribution models would allow us to better understand the natural processes that facilitated colonization of oceanic islands, or to improve predictions of how plants will respond to climate change, or how alien species spread. The wide distribution of fresh-water plants, and of the lower animals, whether retaining the same identical form, or in some degree modified, apparently depends in main part on the wide dispersal of their seeds and eggs by animals, more especially by fresh-water birds, which have great powers of flight, and naturally travel from one piece of water to another .
Association between Mental Health and Arterial Stiffness in Middle-aged and Older Adults

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Age-related elevated blood pressure and metabolic-related biochemical markers including cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, are considered important conventional risk factors of CVD risk [1–3]. But, these traditional risk factors only do not fully account for the development in CVD events [4]. In addition to well-established risk factors, mental health status and psychological well-being has been also recognized as an important risk factor for CVD as well as behavioral concern about unhealthy diet, physical activity, and obesity [5,6]. Negative mental health may increase adrenal hormones, sympathetic nerve activity, and endothelial dysfunction, which all contributes to cardiovascular abnormality [7,8]. Prospective cohort studies have revealed that depression is likely to increase risk for the onset of CVD events [9,10]. Similarly, the status of general mental health, measured by self-reported screening, is also found to be a predictor of CVD [6,11]. Then, the relationship between psychological stress and normal functioning of the cardiovascular system seems to be have clinical and research interests.
Genetic Polymorphisms at 17 Y-STR loci in Uzbek Population

Haplotypes and allele frequencies for the 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci, DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS393, DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, Y GATA H4, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS448 were determined in a sample of 1000 unrelated Uzbekistan males living in the regions of Tashkent (100), Fergana (75), Andijan (85), Namangan (55), Sirdarya (55), Djizax (80),Samarqand (80), Kashqadarya (75), Surxandarya (50), Buxara (100), Navoiy (50), Xorezm (97) and from Republic Karakalpakistan (98) using the Y-filer PCR Amplification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). This population was demonstrated 1000 haplotypes, of which 899 were unique. The gene diversity was 0.9988 (standard error:0.005). The haplotype diversity calculated from the 17 Y-STR loci was 0.9967 and the discrimination capacity was 0.8990. The DYS385 locus showed the highest gene diversity value (0.8936), while the DYS391 locus showed the lowest gene diversity value (0.4934).
Species distinctions among closely related strains of Eustigmatophyceae (Stramenopiles) emphasizing ITS2 sequence-structure data: Eustigmatos and Vischeria

ABSTRACT There is an increasing interest in the Eustigmatophyceae, a class of stramenopile microalgae, because they offer a variety of high-value health-beneficial compounds, e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), while concomitantly producing high biomass. Clarification of the taxonomy of these organisms at the species level is important in order to achieve reproducible results and constant yields of valuable compounds in their exploitation. Here the distinction of the, so far exclusively, morphologically defined species of the genera Eustigmatos and Vischeria was tested. Distinctions inferred from almost full 18S and ITS2 rRNA as well as plastid-encoded rbcL gene sequences were evaluated following a morphological investigation. The ITS2 secondary-structure-based phylogenies separated independent lineages (species) with long internal branches. This recommends ITS2 as a promising marker for a DNA metabarcoding approach (culture-independent biodiversity assessment). In contrast, the 18S V4 region which is commonly used in metabarcoding was almost invariant, whereas the almost full length sequences distinguished eight groups/types of strains. Monophyly of the species was supported by shared ITS2 secondary structure features, making them distinct from other eustigmatophyte lineages in concordance with phylogenetic analyses. No groups of strains were congruently supported by all three markers. Consequently, the previous distinction of two genera on the basis of morphology cannot be retained and the species should be accommodated in a single genus, Vischeria. Taxonomic changes among the species with the definition of epitypes, on the basis of cryopreserved strains, are recommended. Two findings point to a more complex evolutionary history of the species. The rbcL and nuclear markers resulted in disparate groupings of strains. In three species divergent intragenomic ITS2 paralogues were revealed. Therefore, a still broader taxon sampling, in conjunction with a deep sequencing approach, is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the complex evolution of eustigmatophyte species.
A comprehensive report on poultry intestinal microbiota

Productive performance of poultry depends on a complex interaction between host factors, environmental factors and gut microbiota. Gut microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens plays an important role in gut homeostasis and affects the animal's health & physiology. The composition of gut microbiota depends on several factors. Alteration in the microbial community can be detrimental to host on one hand but on another hand can be utilized profitably, so it should be monitored carefully. Though it is difficult to evaluate entire microbial community but newer techniques like targeted amplicon sequencing and metagenomics make it possible up to a large extent. In future, these techniques along with other biomarkers can be used to find out the peculiar gut microbial signature concerning particular factor or diseased condition. The present review is about the structure, alteration pattern and evaluation of gut microbiota.
Potential relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and proficiency in grammar among tertiary EFL learners

A multitude of studies on self-efficacy beliefs have been undertaken to date, especially in language learning. However, little evidence is given on looking into the relationship between self-efficacy and English grammar. To this end, the present study goes about identifying to what extent the correlation between learners' self-efficacy and their achievements in the grammar test is.n Drawing on the correlational design, an English grammar test was administered to the learners to know the learners' acquaintance with the English grammar. Meanwhile, a self-efficacy questionnaire was performed by the researcher to the learners to figure out to what extent their efficaciousness is. A Pearson-product moment correlation was performed to analyze the relationship between such variables. The result demonstrates that there is a high positive significant correlation between learners' self-efficacy and their attainments in the grammar test, displayed by r Correlation = +1. This finding brings a recent insight in the field of language learning.
KLONING FRAGMEN DNA GENOM YANG TERLIBAT DALAM TOLERANSI ASAM-ALUMINIUM PADA BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM

Mutan sensitif asam-aluminium dari bakteri Bradyrhizobium japonicum galur 38 (AAS38) berhasil dikonstruksi melalui mutagenesis transposon untuk mengidentifikasi gen yang terlibat dalam sifat toleransi asam-aluminium pada bakteri bintil akar kedelai, B. japonicum . Transposon ditransfer ke dalam sel B. japonicum toleran asam-Al melalui proses konjugasi antara sel Escherichia coli S17-1 (
Study of the Potential Role of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Levels in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Breast Cancer in Egyptian Females "A Case-Control Study"

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of malignancy in females all over the world. Continuous scientific research for the discovery of new markers helping is a cornerstone for early disease detection and proper management. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the role of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as prognostic markers for breast cancer in an Egyptian female population. Patients and Methods: 120 BC patients and 30 healthy controls were the subjects of the study; serum NGAL levels were investigated and correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the BC patients. Results: Our study showed that NGAL was significantly different between healthy controls and BC patients, and it revealed a gradual increase with disease severity. Original Research Article Mohammed et al.; AJRB, 7(1): 1-8, 2020; Article no.AJRB. 58736 2 Conclusion: Our findings suggested that NGAL could be diagnostic marker for early case detection, and was shown to be associated with breast cancer prognosis, supporting its role as prognostic biomarker.
Research on Interference Test of 24GHz Millimeter Wave Radar to 5G Equipment

The millimeter wave frequency band tends to be developed with the application of radar and communication systems for civil use. It is necessary to analyze the interference coexistence between millimeter wave communication system and radar system. In order to make good use of frequency planning for the millimeter wave frequency band, a microwave anechoic room experiment is tested in this paper. The experiment includes a 24GHz 5G base station, a 24GHz 5G test terminal and a radar to verify the interference of 24GHz millimeter-wave radar to 5G equipment operating at nearby frequencies. This experiment tests and evaluates the detection capability of a single target in the limit state as much as possible and data of base station sensitivity, 5G uplink throughput and 5G downlink throughput have been tested in multiple situations to verify the accuracy and feasibility to this design of radar system. Therefore, the reference and support for 24GHz spectrum allocation can be provided through this method.
HIDDEN LIFE OF FARMED ANIMALS – THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS A CHANGE MAKER

There is a lot of evidence that the living conditions or consciousness of farmed animals do not belong to common knowledge. Several studies demonstrate unawareness of these issues even among highly educated adult population, which is understandable because these topics are usually not discussed in schools at any level. The treatment of farmed animals is not only an ethical question, because it has impact also on climate change, environment, food and water supply, health and well-being, and equality. There is no time to start changing the education from day-care and primary schools, but education has to be able to wake up the young people in secondary and higher education as soon as possible. According to the latest IPCC report 2018, we have only 12 years to make changes to restrain the climate change remarkably. Farmed animals play a crucial role in the climate change and environmental questions, and therefore it essential to include the topic also in educational discussion and education development. Additionally, intensive animal production is extremely topical because of increased circulation of animal-based viruses. This paper aims to discuss the role of higher education as a change maker in awareness of consciousness and treatment of farmed animals. It is not only the responsibility of legislation or political decision-making but of higher education too to make the agriculture and food system more sustainable and ethically acceptable by providing respective knowledge, skills and attitudes. Higher education and curricula there have a huge potential both conceptually and politically by forwarding values, attitudes and ways of thinking, but still, these topics are usually neglected or ignored. This paper describes how this topic is neglected in higher education and provides ideas how to bring it to curricula and educational practices and processes. The methods used focus on literature review, participatory observation, analyses of curricula, and a student survey. The finding is that farmed animals are not discussed in any ethical context in higher education, but they should be, and that higher education needs to develop students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes to take into account the nature and other living beings including farmed animals. The conclusion is that by paying attention to other living beings in educational values and by renewing structures, processes and curriculum work in education, we can get new relevant tools to build a more sustainable society and future for all species including farmed animals
Arterio-Venous Remodeling in the Zebrafish Trunk is Controlled by Genetic Programming and Flow-Mediated Fine-Tuning

How developing vascular networks acquire the right balance of arteries, veins and lymphatics to efficiently supply and drain tissues is poorly understood [1, 2]. In zebrafish embryos, the robust and regular 50:50 global balance of intersegmental veins and arteries that form along the trunk [3], prompts the intriguing question how the organism keeps “count”. Previous studies suggest that the ultimate fate of an intersegmental vessel (ISV) is determined by the identity of the approaching secondary sprout emerging from the posterior cardinal vein (PCV) [1, 4-7]. Here, using high time-resolution imaging, advanced cell tracking and computational analysis, we show that the formation of a balanced trunk vasculature involves an early heterogeneity in endothelial cell (EC) behavior in the seemingly identical primary ISVs and an adaptive flow-mediated mechanism that fine-tunes the balance of arteries and veins along the trunk. Detailed examination of the trunk vasculature dynamics throughout development reveals the frequent formation of three-way vascular connections between primary ISVs, the dorsal aorta (DA) and the PCV. Differential resolution of these connections into arteries or veins is mediated by polarized cell movement of the ECs within the ISV. Quantitative analysis of the cellular organization, polarity and directional movement of ECs in primary ISVs identifies an early differential behavior between future arteries and veins that is largely specified in the ECs of the individual ISVs, is dependent on Dll4/Notch, and occurs even in the absence of secondary sprouting. Notch signaling is involved in a local patterning mechanism normally favoring the formation of alternating arteries and veins. The global artery-vein balance is however maintained through a flow-dependent mechanism that can overwrite the local patterning. We propose that this dual mechanism driving arterio-venous identity during developmental angiogenesis in the zebrafish trunk provides the adaptability required to establish a balanced network of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels.
Criminological Lessons on/from Sexual Violence

Feminist criminologists are well acquainted with how their research on sexual harms and gendered forms of victimisation may serve as powerful levers for punitive agendas. In recent years, culturalist interpretations of sexual violence have become key themes in debates on migration and integration in liberal welfare democracies, such as Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In this, complex issues of gender, ethnicity and power are involved, and the balancing of these, both analytically and ethically, poses a challenge to feminists in their attempts to contribute to social change. This chapter will, based on examples from debates in Sweden, present and discuss how argumentation about sexual freedom and integrity is enlisted in attempts to reinforce borders and ideas about dangerous Others, and outline how a fruitful meeting between criminology and feminism can advance the scholarship on sexual violence.
Energy trading systems on blockchain networks

Traditional energy trading system has some weakness in terms of network attack. So blockchain is considered for P2P energy trading systems to evade network attacks. We consider three energy trading systems on blockchain which are centralized energy trading system with one producer, P2P energy trading system with DSO and P2P energy trading system with smart contract. And we compared P2P energy trading systems on running in terms of transaction fees. By using blockchain, users can reduce transaction fees then make more benefits.
Investigating the relation between anti-oxidant activity and epileptic enzymes of formulation-40 capsules

Seizures and Epilepsy are those signi icant conditions that are common symptoms of many diseases that affect the human nervous system. It is one of the most chronic and most frequent neurological disorders that are prevalent in almost 5crore people around the world. Even though the drugs are effective and potent, there are various side effects, and adverse effects are associated with those drugs. General side effects include nausea and vomitings; many other speci ic side effects include altered mental consciousness, confusion anorexia and excessive aggression are also noted in many cases of drugs. In this research, herbal formulations were designed to ight back the free radicals that are generated in the brain, and those protective enzyme levelswere analyzed to estimate the activity of the formulation in the brain tissue. In the research, the prepared formulation showed a dose-dependent activity in restoring the brain-protective enzymes and balancing them. The formulation contained herb powders that contain anti-oxidant chemical constituents which helped for the anti-epileptic formulation. The herbal capsules at dose 500mg/kg showed a better activity compared to the standard drug but without notable side effects and adverse effects.
Mechanism of the Alternaria alternata Pathogenicity in ‘Fortune’ Mandarin

Alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, is an important disease in tangerines and their hybrids, affecting leaves, twigs, and immature fruit. Differences in susceptibility to this pathogenic fungus have been described for different Citrus species. In this paper, the expression of the mycotoxins alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in different A. alternata isolates was analyzed by HPLC-MS. A correlation was observed between the mycotoxins content and the pathogenicity of each isolated of A. alternata used, suggesting that the mycotoxins may be involved in the evolution of brown spot in ‘Fortune’ fruits caused by this fungus. The increased expression of the above mycotoxins was associated with the end of mycelia growth, high sporulation, and an increase in hyphal melanization in the fungus. On the other hand, the presence of laccase activity in the xylem of ‘Fortune’ fruits inoculated with A. alternata suggests that this is the way the fungus propagates in the plant. These results add to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of A. alternata in Citrus.
Minimum population size and distribution of Grey Crowned Cranes Balearica regulorum in Rwanda: an aerial and ground survey

The iconic Grey Crowned Crane Balearica regulorum is facing an increase in threats to its wetland habitat and poaching for the captive trade market. This has resulted in an enduring long-term decline in population numbers, which led to the species being listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List. In Rwanda, Grey Crowned Cranes are threatened by human factors often driven by conditions of poverty, livelihood disadvantage and lack of conservation awareness. Previous population estimates suggested there were fewer than 500 Grey Crowned Cranes left in Rwanda. The Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association and its partners have been working to eliminate the illegal trade and boost the population numbers in Rwanda. In August 2017, the first national census of Grey Crowned Cranes in Rwanda was carried out to serve as a baseline and to increase the accuracy of previous estimations. The survey was conducted over three days using both aerial and ground survey techniques. The results show that at least 487 Grey Crowned Cranes occur in Rwanda and include details on distribution and habitat type. Challenges for Grey Crowned Crane conservation at different sites are discussed, such as wetland transformation for agriculture, and illegal activities in protected marshlands. To ensure the long-term viability of this species, there is a need for upscaling of conservation efforts in key crane areas, continued monitoring of the crane population including trans-boundary collaboration, and strategies to promote the sustainable use of wetlands.
An Analysis of Quality Management in Vaccine Manufacturers of China Based on the New Vaccine Administration Law

With the application of new technologies in development and production, the quality of vaccines in China had been constantly improved, and vaccines manufactured in China were being supplied to international markets while meeting the domestic immunization program need. Meanwhile, the quality management performance of vaccine manufacturers in China was continually improving. The implementation of the Vaccine Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China had imposed legal systematic requirements on full lifecycle management of vaccines in development, production and supervision, which was of important milestone significance for guiding the development of China’s vaccine industry. Based on the understanding of this law, this article had discussed quality management of vaccines from four aspects including biosafety, application of new technologies for vaccine development and production, process changes and deviation management with practical work taken into account, intended to arouse readers’attention and discussions on this law and relevant issues and provide reference to vaccine manufacturers in production, development and product quality improvement.