Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of herbal coded formulation urolith for treatment of urolithisis

A study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of herbal coded formulation Urolith in comparison to another herbal medicine Dawa e Pathri for treatment of urolithliasis. One hundred patients with urolithiasis were randomly assigned into test and control with 50 in each group. The test group was treated with Urolith and control group was treated with Dawa e Pathri. Comparison of data recorded by physician relating to variables showed significant difference between test and control drug (p<0.05). The efficacy of Urolith was superior as p=0.03. Urolith is more effective than Dawa e Pthri in the treatment of Urolithiasis.
Iatrogenic injury to the accessory nerve

We describe two patients with uncommon causes of iatrogenic injuries and review the anatomy, presentation, possibilities of repair, and results. The incidence of such nerve injuries during lymph node biopsies is 3%–10%, but the diagnosis is often delayed. Symptoms are shoulder pain and inability to abduct the arm beyond the horizontal plane. Surgical repair may improve function and pain and should be performed early, preferably within six months, but prevention of nerve injury is most important.
Research in Progress: the Snob and bandwagon effects on Consumers' Purchase Intention under Different Promotion Strategies

The snob and bandwagon effects on online purchase intention has been studied for years. However, little research has focused on their interaction effects under different promotion strategies. This study proposes a model with eye-tracking data to explore consumers’ interests in different promotions. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to investigate the way consumers view information and make purchase decisions on online promotion websites. Drawing on the theory of consumers' behaviour and research on the snob and bandwagon effects, it’s hypothesized that the number of previous purchase will influence consumers' purchase intention through snob and bandwagon effects. Moreover, there will be a negative effect of previous purchase numbers on consumers’ purchase intention for high involved products, and a positive one for low involved products. It’s also assumed that the effect of different promotion strategies (coupons, price discount, cash return) on consumers' price perception can be moderated by the previous purchase number claim.
BLCMV ICMV Criterion MV MV Steering vectors Reverberant RTFs Anechoic RTFs

Beamforming algorithms in binaural hearing aids are crucial to improve speech understanding in background noise for hearing impaired persons. In this study, we compare and evaluate the performance of two recently proposed minimum variance (MV) beamforming approaches for binaural hearing aids. The binaural linearly constrained MV (BLCMV) beamformer applies linear constraints to maintain the target source and mitigate the interfering sources, taking into account the reverberant nature of sound propagation. The inequality constrained MV (ICMV) beamformer applies inequality constraints to maintain the target source and mitigate the interfering sources, utilizing estimates of the direction of arrivals (DOAs) of the target and interfering sources. The similarities and differences between these two approaches is discussed and the performance of both algorithms is evaluated using simulated data and using realworld recordings, particularly focusing on the robustness to estimation errors of the relative transfer functions (RTFs) and DOAs. The BLCMV achieves a good performance if the RTFs are accurately estimated while the ICMV shows a good robustness to DOA estimation errors.
A 10-Gb/s CMOS differential transimpedance amplifier for parallel optical receiver

A 10-Gb/s transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for the parallel optical receiver module is realized in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The proposed TIA employs a regulated cascode (RGC) input structure and adopts active inductor peaking and feedback techniques to enhance the bandwidth. Besides, a noise optimization is processed. The TIA provides a conversion gain of 50 dBΩ and 3-dB bandwith of 7 GHz. The measured sensitivity is about 35 μA at a bit error rate of 10<sup>−12</sup> with a 2<sup>31</sup>−1 pseudorandom test pattern for 10 Gb/s operation. Under a 1.8-V supply voltage, the differential TIA consumes 29.2 mW, counting an output buffer. The core chip area is 144×160 μm<sup>2</sup> excluding the output buffer and testing pads.
Optimization of dynamic vibration absorbers for MEMS

The main aim of this paper is improved dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) design with taking into account MEMS. The complex vibroexitated construction is considered. Methods of decomposition and the numerical schemes synthesis are considered on the basis of new methods of modal methods. Optimuzation of complicated DVA's in view of their interaction with MEMS is under discussion
Low‐Cost Serum‐Free Medium for the BTI‐Tn5B1–4 Insect Cell Line

The BTI‐Tn5B1–4 insect cell line, commercially available as the High Five cell line (Invitrogen), supports higher levels of recombinant protein production compared to existing insect cell lines. Proprietary serum‐free media such as ExCell 405 (JRH Biosciences), Express Five (Life Technologies), IS BAC (Irvine Scientific), and CCM3 (HyClone) are available which were developed specifically for a suspension culture of High Five cells. While these media are highly optimized, a lower cost alternative is desirable for large‐scale protein production which is also serum‐free and supports good cell growth (>5 × 106 cells/mL) and recombinant protein production (>50 mg/L of secreted protein). The amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism of the Tn5B1–4 cells was first examined. It was found that asparagine was nearly depleted during batch growth in Ex‐Cell 405, without limitations in glutamine, other amino acids, or glucose. Alanine also accumulated to about 35 mM during growth. We then extended the formulation techniques for medium development used for Spodoptera cell lines to the Tn5B1–4 cell line. A medium based on IPL‐41 basal medium, Hy‐Soy protein hydrolysate (Quest, International), yeastolate ultrafiltrate, a lipid−sterol emulsion, and Pluronic F‐68 was developed. Dextran sulfate (100 μg/mL) was used to induce a single cell suspension culture. This medium is denoted as ISYL and performs best when supplemented with a 2.5% lipid−Pluronic F‐68 mixture. Supplementation with additional aspargine in a 1.5% lipid−Pluronic F‐68 mixture did not improve growth, suggesting that a lipid was growth‐limiting and not an amino acid. Ex‐Cell 405 and ISYL with 2.5% lipid−Pluronic F‐68 supplement supported virtually identical growth rates, extent of growth (ca. 6.0 × 106 cells/mL) in an 80% oxygen atmosphere, and supported production of SEAP (secreted human alkaline phosphatase) at a volumetric level of about 65−70 mg/L. Thus, the less expensive ISYL medium can deliver acceptable performance and may be suitable for large‐scale insect cell cultures.
Transcriptional silencing and promoter methylation triggered by double‐stranded RNA

Double‐stranded RNA induces a post‐transcriptional gene silencing process, termed RNAi, in diverse organisms. It is shown here that transcriptional gene silencing accompanied by de novo methylation of a target promoter in plants can be triggered by a double‐stranded RNA containing promoter sequences. Similar to the double‐stranded RNA involved in RNAi, this promoter double‐stranded RNA, which is synthesized in the nucleus, is partially cleaved into small RNAs ∼23 nucleotides in length. Both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional gene silencing can thus be initiated by double‐stranded RNAs that enter the same degradation pathway. The results also implicate double‐stranded RNA in directing DNA methylation. Different constructs designed to produce double‐stranded promoter RNA in various ways were evaluated for their ability to induce gene silencing in tobacco and Arabidopsis. RNA hairpins transcribed from inverted DNA repeats were the most effective trans‐acting silencing signals. This strategy could be useful for transcriptionally downregulating genes in a variety of plants.
Safety and Biological Efficacy of an Adeno‐Associated Virus Vector–Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (AAV‐CFTR) in the Cystic Fibrosis Maxillary Sinus

Objective: The host immune response and low vector efficiency have been key impediments to effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene transfer for cystic fibrosis (CF). An adeno‐associated virus vector (AAV‐CFTR) was used in a phase I dose‐escalation study to transfer CFTR cDNA into respiratory epithelial cells of the maxillary sinus of 10 CF patients. Study Design: A prospective, randomized, unblinded, dose‐escalation, within‐subjects, phase I clinical trial of AAV‐CFTR was conducted. Patients: Ten patients with previous bilateral maxillary antrostomies were treated. Main Outcome Measures: Safety, gene transfer as measured by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sinus transepithelial potential difference (TEPD) were measured. Results: The highest level of gene transfer was observed in the range of 0.1–1 AAV‐CFTR vector copy per cell in biopsy specimens obtained 2 weeks after treatment. When tested, persistence was observed in one patient for 41 days and in another for 10 weeks. Dose‐dependent changes in TEPD responses to pharmacologic intervention were observed following treatments. Little or no inflammatory or immune responses were observed. Conclusion: AAV‐CFTR administration to the maxillary sinus results in successful, dose‐dependent gene transfer to the maxillary sinus and alterations in sinus TEPD suggestive of a functional effect, with little or no cytopathic or host immune response. Further study is warranted for AAV vectors as they may prove useful for CFTR gene transfer and other in vivo gene transfer therapies. A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, within‐subjects, phase II clinical trial of the effect AAV‐CFTR on clinical recurrence of sinusitis will determine the clinical efficacy of AAV gene therapy for CF.
Structure-activity relationships in engineered proteins: analysis of use of binding energy by linear free energy relationships.

The activity of mutant enzymes can be analyzed quantitatively by structure-activity relationships in a manner analogous to Brønsted or Hammett plots for simple organic reactions. The slopes of such plots, the beta values, indicate for the enzymatic reactions the fraction of the overall binding energy used in stabilizing particular complexes. In particular, information can be derived about the interactions between the enzyme and the transition state. The activities of many mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases fit well simple linear free energy relationships. The formation of enzyme-bound tyrosyl adenylate (E.Tyr-AMP) from enzyme-bound tyrosine and ATP (E.Tyr-ATP) results in an increase in binding energy between the enzyme and the side chain of tyrosine and the ribose ring of ATP. Linear free energy plots of enzymes mutated in these positions give the fraction of the binding energy change that occurs on formation of the transition state for the chemical reaction and the various complexes. It is shown that groups that specifically stabilize the transition state of the reaction are characterized by beta values much greater than 1. This is found for residues that bind the gamma-phosphate of ATP (Thr-40 and His-45) and have previously been postulated to be involved in transition-state stabilization. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Observations on the gastric mucosa of reptilia.

1. Histological and experimental observations were made on the gastric secretion of the Australian lizards Tiliqua nigro-lutea and Tachysaurus rugosus, and on the tortoise Testudo grœca. In Tiliqua nigro-lutea a permanent fistula with an indwelling cannula was inserted into the stomach for the collection of gastric juice from the unanaesthetized animal. 2. Histologically, the gastric gland cells of these animals contain granules that resemble mammalian pepsinogen granules, but there is no cell in the glands that can be identified with the mammalian parietal cell. 3. The effects of food, of drugs and of vagal stimulation on the secretion of gastric juice were observed. In spite of histological differences from the mammalian stomach, the stomach in these three species produces a gastric juice that in essentials resembles that of mammals.
Maternal MEMI Promotes Female Meiosis II in Response to Fertilization in Caenorhabditis elegans

In most animals, female meiosis completes only after fertilization. Sperm entry has been implicated in providing a signal for the initiation of the final meiotic processes; however, a maternal component required for this process has not been previously identified. We report the characterization of a novel family of three highly similar paralogs (memi-1, memi-2, memi-3) that encode oocyte-specific proteins. A hyper-morphic mutation memi-1(sb41) results in failure to exit female meiosis II properly; however, loss of all three paralogs results in a “skipped meiosis II” phenotype. Mutations that prevent fertilization, such as fer-1(hc1), also cause a skipped meiosis II phenotype, suggesting that the MEMI proteins represent a maternal component of a postfertilization signal that specifies the meiosis II program. MEMI proteins are degraded before mitosis and sensitive to ZYG-11, a substrate-specific adapter for cullin-based ubiquitin ligase activity, and the memi-1(sb41) mutation results in inappropriate persistence of the MEMI-1 protein into mitosis. Using an RNAi screen for suppressors of memi-1(sb41), we identified a sperm-specific PP1 phosphatase, GSP-3/4, as a putative sperm component of the MEMI pathway. We also found that MEMI and GSP-3/4 proteins can physically interact via co-immunoprecipitation. These results suggest that sperm-specific PP1 and maternal MEMI proteins act in the same pathway after fertilization to facilitate proper meiosis II and the transition into embryonic mitosis.
ADAM28 is a serological and histochemical marker for non‐small‐cell lung cancers

ADAM28 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28) is over‐expressed in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with correlation to cancer cell proliferation, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. The present study was aimed to develop an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for diagnosis and monitoring of NSCLC. Our ELISA specifically measured ADAM28, showing negligible cross‐reactivity with other metalloproteinases. The ADAM28 level in the NSCLC tissue was remarkably 36.9‐fold higher than that in the non‐neoplastic lung tissue (p < 0.001). The serum level was significantly 4.6‐fold higher in the NSCLC patients (5.41 ± 8.62 ng/ml; n = 102) than in the control subjects (1.17 ± 0.93 ng/ml; n = 20) (p < 0.001), and increased with progress of tumor stage (p < 0.001). The level was also significantly higher in the patients with recurrent carcinoma than the control (p < 0.001) and in the patients with lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, false‐negative rate and AUC for ADAM28 were better than those for carcinoembryonic antigen. The combination of both assays improved the sensitivity, specificity, false‐positive and false‐negative rates for NSCLC. There was a positive correlation between the ADAM28 level measured by ELISA system and the degree of immunostaining in the lung adenocarcinomas with a size of ≤20 mm in diameter. The adenocarcinoma patients showing the high immunohistochemical reaction exhibited a poorer disease‐free survival than those with the lower immunoreactivity (n = 102; p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that our ELISA is specific and sensitive to monitor the levels of ADAM28 in the samples from NSCLC patients and suggest that ADAM28 is a useful serological and histochemical marker for NSCLC.
Distinctive functional features in prokaryotic and eukaryotic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases

Abstract Bacterial and eukaryotic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases show remarkable differences in the active site region and in their quaternary structure organization. We report here a functional comparison between four Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases from Gram-negative bacteria and the eukaryotic bovine enzyme. Our data indicate that bacterial dimeric variants are characterized by catalytic rates higher than that of the bovine enzyme, probably due to the solvent accessibility of their active site. Prokaryotic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases also show higher resistance to hydrogen peroxide inactivation and lower HCO3 --dependent peroxidative activity. Moreover, unlike the eukaryotic enzyme, all bacterial variants are susceptible to inactivation by chelating agents and show variable sensitivity to proteolytic attack, with the E. coli monomeric enzyme showing higher rates of inactivation by EDTA and proteinase K. We suggest that differences between individual bacterial variants could be due to the influence of modifications at the dimer interface on the enzyme conformational flexibility.
Cloning and Expression of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in the Brain and Pituitary of the European Sea Bass: An In Situ Hybridization Study1

Abstract A full-length cDNA encoding a GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) has been obtained from the pituitary of the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. The complete cDNA is 1814 base pairs (bp) in length and encodes a protein of 416 amino acids. The 5′ UTR and 3′ UTR are 239 bp and 324 bp in size, respectively. The expression sites of this GnRH-R were studied in the brain and pituitary of sea bass by means of in situ hybridization. A quantitative analysis of the expression of the GnRH-R gene along the reproductive cycle was also performed. The GnRH-R brain expression was especially relevant in the ventral telencephalon and rostral preoptic area. Some GnRH-R messenger-expressing cells were also evident in the dorsal telencephalon, caudal preoptic area, ventral thalamus, and periventricular hypothalamus. A conspicuous and specific GnRH-R expression was detected in the pineal gland. The highest expression of the GnRH-R gene was observed in the proximal pars distalis of the pituitary. This expression was evident in all LH cells and some FSH cells but not in somatotrophs. In the pituitary, the quantitative analysis revealed a higher expression of GnRH-R gene during late vitellogenesis in comparison with maturation, spawning, and postspawning/resting periods. However, in the brain, the highest GnRH-R expression was evident at spawning or postspawning/ resting periods. These results suggest that the expression of this GnRH-R is regulated in a different manner in the brain and the pituitary of sea bass.
Effects of oral habits' duration on dental characteristics in the primary dentition.

BACKGROUND Studies dating to the 1870s have demonstrated that long-term nonnutritive sucking habits may lead to occlusal abnormalities, including open bite and posterior crossbite. However, little is known as to whether habits of shorter durations have lasting effects. METHODS The authors collected longitudinal data on nonnutritive sucking among children through a series of questionnaires regularly completed by parents. Researchers examined the children at ages 4 to 5 years and obtained study models. The models were measured for dental arch parameters (including arch width, arch length and arch depth) and assessed for overjet, overbite and posterior crossbite. The authors compared the dental arch and occlusal conditions among groups of children with nonnutritive sucking habits of different durations. RESULTS Children with nonnutritive sucking habits that continued to 48 months of age or beyond demonstrated many significant differences from children with habits of shorter durations: narrower maxillary arch widths, greater overjet and greater prevalence of open bite and posterior crossbite. In addition, compared with those who ceased their habit by 12 months of age, those with habits at 36 months of age had significantly greater mandibular canine arch widths, maxillary canine arch depths and overjet, while those with habits at 24 months and 36 months had significantly smaller palatal depths. Prevalence of anterior open bite, posterior crossbite and excessive overjet (> 4 millimeters) increased with duration of habits. CONCLUSIONS While continuous nonnutritive sucking habits of 48 months or longer produced the greatest changes in dental arch and occlusal characteristics, children with shorter sucking durations also had detectable differences from those with minimal habit durations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS It may be prudent to revisit suggestions that sucking habits continued to as late as 5 to 8 years of age are of little concern.
Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent cytokine that is considered to be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. METHODS This study investigates the effect of high glucose on the signaling and production of VEGF in rat mesangial cells in culture and measures the urinary VEGF level in patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy. To elucidate the role of VEGF in vivo further, expression of VEGF in control and diabetic kidneys was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A high ambient glucose concentration in the culture medium increased VEGF mRNA expression and protein production within 3 h in a concentration-dependent manner. A protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and PKC down-regulation inhibited glucose-induced increases in VEGF production. Urinary excretion of VEGF significantly increased according to the degree of proteinuria in patients with diabetes. A weak but significant correlation was found between urinary VEGF excretion and the levels of serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, microalbuminuria, and proteinuria. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked differences in the extent of mesangial VEGF staining between diabetic and control kidneys. Pronounced up-regulation of VEGF was observed in the glomerular epithelial cell in the early phase of diabetic kidney disease, whereas widespread expression of VEGF was found in the tubular segments, especially the proximal segment, in advanced diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that VEGF may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Mathematica graphics - techniques and applications

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Poincaré and the early history of 3-manifolds

Recent developments in the theory of 3-manifolds, centered around the Poincaré conjecture, use methods that were not envisioned by Poincaré and his contemporaries. Nevertheless, the main themes of 3-manifold topology originated in Poincaré’s time. The purpose of this article is to reveal the origins of the subject by revisiting the world of the early topologists.