Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE KINETICS OF PROMONOCYTES AND MONOCYTES IN THE BONE MARROW

The mononuclear phagocytes of the bone marrow can be classified into two cell types, promonocytes and monocytes. The present study was performed to establish whether the promonocytes are the progenitors of the monocytes and to determine the kinetic characteristics of the promonocytes and monocytes in the bone marrow compartment. Both in vitro labeling studies with thymidine-3H and determination of the relative amount of DNA in the nuclei of individual cells showed that under normal steady-state conditions the promonocytes are proliferating cells and the monocytes, nondividing cells. In vivo labeling studies provided further evidence that the promonocytes are the progenitor cells of the monocytes. During the first 24 hr after labeling, the promonocytes showed a constant high level of labeling (about 70%). The mean grain count of these cells decreased with time. The labeling index of the monocytes of the bone marrow increased during the first 24 hr after in vivo labeling, but during the same period the mean grain counts remained almost constant, with values amounting to about half those of the promonocytes during the first 6 hr of the experiment. The data concerning the labeling indices and the percentage distribution ratio of the promonocytes and monocytes in the bone marrow, and the labeling indices of the peripheral blood monocytes are used to construct a model population. The results lead to the conclusions that the promonocytes are multiplicative cells and that both daughter cells arising from the division of a promonocyte are monocytes. The DNA-synthesis time found for the promonocytes is 13.6 hr. From this value, the average generation time was computed to be 19.5 hr.
Equine piroplasmosis: an insight into global exposure of equids from 1990 to 2019 by systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of economic importance, relevant in the international movement of equids. The causative agents are at least two apicomplexan protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. To date, there is no study that estimates global and regional exposure of equids to EP. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity of EP using random-effects model. Six electronic databases were searched for publications on EP and assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 66 eligible studies published between 1990 and 2019 and representing 24 041 equids were included. The overall pooled prevalence estimates (PPEs) of B. caballi was 22.3% (95% CI 21.7–22.8), while the overall PPE for T. equi was 29.4% (95% CI 28.7–30.0). The overall pooled prevalence due to co-infection with both parasites was 11.8% (95% CI 11.32–12.32). Also, subgroup analysis according to sex, age, diagnostic technique, equid species, region and publication years showed a substantial degree of heterogeneity across studies computed for both B. caballi and T. equi infections in equids. Awareness of the current status of EP globally will alert the relevant authorities and stakeholders where necessary on the need for better preventive and control strategies against the disease.
Long-term Renal Outcomes in Adults With Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Despite advances in medical technologies and intervention occurrences, acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence continues to rise. Early interventions after sepsis are essential to prevent AKI and its long-term consequences. Acute kidney injury is the leading cause of organ failure in sepsis; therefore, more research is needed on its long-term consequences and progression to kidney injury. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to review the state of the science on long-term renal outcomes after sepsis-induced AKI and long-term renal consequences. METHODS We identified research articles from PubMed and CINAHL databases using relevant key words for sepsis-induced AKI within 5 years delimited to full-text articles in English. RESULTS Among 1280 abstracts identified, we ultimately analyzed 12 full-text articles, identifying four common themes in the literature: (1) AKI determination criteria, (2) severity/prognosis-related factors, (3) time frame for long-term outcome measures, and (4) chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal related exclusions. Researchers primarily used KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guidelines to define AKI. All of these studies excluded patients with CKD. The range of time for long-term renal outcomes was 28 days to 3 years, with the majority being 1 year. Renal outcomes ranged from recovery to renal replacement therapy to death. CONCLUSIONS To better understand the long-term renal outcomes after sepsis-induced AKI, more consistent measures are needed across all studies regarding the time frame and specific renal outcomes. Because all of these articles excluded patients with CKD, a gap exists on long-term renal outcome in acute on CKD.
Severe fistulizing pancreatitis in a patient with Merkel cell carcinoma treated with avelumab.

COVID-19 pneumonia is a new, highly contagious viral pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia included lung changes (ground glass opacities, consolidation, vacuolar sign, and interlobular septal thickening), bronchial changes (bronchial thickening and/or dilatation), and pleural effusion [2]. Bilateral lung involvement was observed in early patients (28%), intermediate patients (76%), and late patients (88%) [1]. According to this classification, our patient is considered as late patient with extensive involvement of all five lung lobes. The previous study showed that in patients with severe or fatal COVID-19; there is a decrease in lymphocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin, and albumin. As regard biochemical findings, there is an increase in the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and creatinine levels. Also, there is increase prothrombin time, INR, and C-reactive protein [3]. This coincides with our findings, as we found a severe pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia with these abnormal laboratory changes. In conclusion, there is a severe pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia in patient with HCC. Radiologists should be familiar with these findings to help with timely and accurate management of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Evidence‐Based Development and Clinical Use of Precision Oncology Therapeutics

Precision medicine refers to the “tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient. ” Because cancer is a disease of the genome, molecular profiling often informs diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decision making. Biomarker development generates actionable, reliable information for therapeutic development and clinical decision making. However, therapeutic development only requires biomarker to identify populations where a drug will be effective. Companion diagnostic development through categorical biomarker definitions may, therefore, not be ideal for biomarker development.
Nutritional Assessment and Malnutrition in Patients With Cirrhosis

We sought to determine the incidence and outcomes of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis. We performed a retrospective chart review of 134 patients listed for liver transplant (LT) to assess the presence and degree of malnutrition identified by the Subjective Global Assessment score at the time of initial transplant evaluation, follow-up nutrition visits, and at the time of transplant. Number of admissions/readmissions to the hospital, reason for hospitalization(s), and length of stay were determined. Malnutrition was prevalent at initial nutrition visit (51.9%) and underdiagnosed. By the time of transplant, 61% of the patients were identified as malnourished. Most patients (52%) were awaiting LT for more than 180 days. The change in Subjective Global Assessment score after the initial nutrition assessment was statistically significant (p ≤ .007), with worsening malnutrition severity. Seventy-one patients (53%) required hospitalization while awaiting transplant, with a median hospital stay of 9 days. Nutrition expertise is required for prompt and accurate diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis. Nurses caring for patients with advanced liver disease are in a prime position to provide guidance to optimize patient outcomes.
Population status, biology and ecology of the Maral, Cervus elaphus maral, in Golestan National Park, Iran

Abstract The habitat and population characteristics of the Maral, Cervus elaphus maral Gray, 1850, were studied in Golestan National Park, Iran, from 1975 to 2003 (but more intensively from 1976–1978) in the three vegetation types present; Caspian deciduous forest, transition zone, and steppe. Forest meadows and the transition zone were the preferred habitats. Hahn’s census method and pellet group counts gave a population number of 1897–2096 Marals during 1976– 1978. Since then the population size has declined, to 500 in 2003. The average Maral group size was 4.6. The sex ratio among adults was 27 stags per 100 hinds. The number of calves produced per 100 hinds was 28. The annual mortality rate was 13.9% and life expectancy was 6.7 years. The decline of the Maral population in Golestan National Park was correlated with a similar trend in the Maral population in the Caspian forest (Hyrcanian region). Illegal hunting, road kill and livestock grazing have been identified as the major factors which affect the Maral population adversely.
Evolution of putative barrier loci at an intermediate stage of speciation with gene flow in campions (Silene)

Understanding the origin of new species is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Diverging lineages often evolve highly heterogeneous patterns of genetic differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated evolutionary processes governing genetic differentiation between the hybridizing campions Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. and S. latifolia Poiret. Demographic modelling indicated that the two species diverged with gene flow. The best‐supported scenario with heterogeneity in both migration rate and effective population size suggested that a small proportion of the loci evolved without gene flow. Differentiation (F ST) and sequence divergence (d XY) were correlated and both tended to peak in the middle of most linkage groups, consistent with reduced gene flow at highly differentiated loci. Highly differentiated loci further exhibited signatures of selection. In between‐species population pairs, isolation by distance was stronger for genomic regions with low between‐species differentiation than for highly differentiated regions that may contain barrier loci. Moreover, differentiation landscapes within and between species were only weakly correlated, suggesting that linked selection due to shared recombination and gene density landscapes is not the dominant determinant of genetic differentiation in these lineages. Instead, our results suggest that divergent selection shaped the genomic landscape of differentiation between the two Silene species, consistent with predictions for speciation in the face of gene flow.
Bibliometric study of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper aims to present a bibliometric analysis of scientific documents in the field of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Methods: Web of Science was used to collect bibliographic data of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation documents from 1983 until the end of 2017. Results: Of a total of 6069 documents retrieved, 78.2% were journal articles. The average annual growth of the documents as of the year 2000 was 9.4%. The most frequent subject categories in this field were Rehabilitation, Neurosciences and Neurology, Sport Sciences, Psychology, and General and Internal Medicine. The most active journal was Brain Injury. More than 50% of the documents were published in 10 journals. The most prolific and impactful institutions were from the USA, Australia and Canada. Traumatic brain injury, rehabilitation, brain injury, stroke and outcome were the most commonly used keywords. Mild traumatic brain injury and concussion were the topics receiving attention in recent years. Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation is a young and constantly growing field. Since the late 1990s, traumatic brain injury rehabilitation documents published yearly comprised about 3–4% of all rehabilitation documents. It was shown that review papers and proceedings have more impact than journal articles, and collaborative papers receive more citations. It was also revealed that knowledge does not become obsolete rapidly in this field.
WFH Guidelines for the Management of Hemophilia, 3rd edition

Alok Srivastava 1 | Elena Santagostino 2 | Alison Dougall 3 | Steve Kitchen 4 | Megan Sutherland 5 | Steven W. Pipe 6 | Manuel Carcao 7 | Johnny Mahlangu 8 | Margaret V. Ragni 9 | Jerzy Windyga 10 | Adolfo Llinás 11 | Nicholas J. Goddard 12 | Richa Mohan 13 | Pradeep M. Poonnoose 14 | Brian M. Feldman 15 | Sandra Zelman Lewis 16 | H. Marijke van den Berg 17 | Glenn F. Pierce 18 | on behalf of the WFH Guidelines for the Management of Hemophilia panelists and co-authors*
Halogenated Metabolites of the Red Alga Plocamium cruciferum

The organic extract of Plocamium cruciferum gave a complex mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (26%), the tribromotrichloroalkene (12),(7%), n-heptadecane (0.4%), phytol(12%) and the unusual hydroxy bisnor-monoterpene (15) (43%). The absolute stereochemistry of the polyhalogenated alkene (12) was established by X-ray crystallography.
Ripening-Associated Microstructural Changes in Antisense ACC Synthase Tomato Fruit

The ultrastructural impact of low ethylene biosynthesis (less than 0.5% of normal levels) was evaluated in transgenic (A11.1) tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.) expressing an antisense 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACC-S) transgene by means of transmission and environmental scanning electron microscopy. In 48-day mature green fruit, no significant ultrastructural differences were found between transgenic and control tomatoes. In 78-day control fruit, which were overripe and showed deteriorated texture, many areas of the cytoplasm were devoid of structures, and micrographs showed cell collapse with folding and dissolution of the cell wall. On the other hand, in 90-day transgenic fruit, which were firm and not ripe, the cytoplasm showed a relatively high electron density. Plastids retained remnants of chloroplast thylakoids along with significant amounts of osmiophylic plastoglobuli, but lycopene was not detected. Conspicuous starch granules were observed in mature green transgenic tomatoes, but were not detected in 90-day chlorochromoplasts. Electron-dense regions reflecting the integrity of the middle lamella alternated with other partially degraded regions. This incipient dissolution of the middle lamella pectic polymers may be attributable to nonenzymatic deaggregation or to cell-wall hydrolases which could be ethylene independent or responsive to very low levels of ethylene. Besides, cells were attached along extended contact areas and appeared turgid. This feature may provide an explanation of firmness retention that does not solely involve cell walls. Disruption of the middle lamella and development of lycopene crystalloids were observed when exogenous ethylene (12 ppm) was applied.
Students' personal professional theories in vocational education : developing a knowledge base

Senior secondary vocational education needs to deliver reflective practitioners who possess an adequate knowledge base, who are able to solve complex problems and who have the ability to acquire and develop new knowledge during their further professional career. It is assumed that all types of knowledge, despite their different content and nature, need to be internalized into a personal professional knowledge base. This personal professional knowledge base is defined as a student’s personal professional theory (PPT). A PPT consists of a combination of knowledge and beliefs and serves as a frame of reference through which students acquire and interpret knowledge. Moreover, PPTs direct, to a more or lesser extent, professional behavior. The development of PPTs is a process of internalization and socialization, that entails the absorption and personalization of shared knowledge and common values, norms and beliefs of a certain vocational community and through which students’ develop a sense of belonging and commitment to that community. PPTs need to be analyzed by their content as well as their nature. The content of a PPT is divided into six objects, namely: technical-instrumental processes, target group, vocational domain, organizations, social environment and professional development). The nature of PPTs is described by qualities, which are properties of personal knowledge. Four qualities are distinguished, namely: concreteness, complexity, richness and vocational specificity. Four authentic and empirical research questions are derived from the problem definition, namely: 1) What are the main features of PPTs? , 2) How can the content and nature of students’ PPTs in vocational education be measured? , 3) How do the content and nature of students’ PPTs develop during learning in the school and at the workplace? , and 4) Can specific guiding activities of vocational educators stimulate the development of students’ PPTs? One theoretical and three empirical studies were conducted. Different mixed-method designs are used to gain in-depth insight into how PPTs can be measured, how they develop and how this development can be stimulated. The results show that: 1) students need structure and adequate prompts to explicate and articulate their PPTs, 2) PPTs have a relatively stable nature, but a changeable and dynamic content, 3) the development of PPTs is characterized by replacement, encapsulation of knowledge and thematic turbulence and 4) high level interactions and contingent modeling of vocational educators are needed for stimulating the development of PPTs. It is concluded that explicit attention to the internalization of knowledge into a PPT is crucial, since such a knowledge base determines, to a more or less extent, the way how new information is stored. In this way, ‘developing a knowledge base’ still remains a challenge for researchers, educational designers, vocational educators and students
Evaluating the performance of weed containment programmes

Aim: To develop approaches to the evaluation of programmes whose strategic objectives are to halt or slow weed spread. Location: Australia. Methods: Key aspects in the evaluation of weed containment programmes are considered. These include the relevance of models that predict the effects of management intervention on spread, the detection of spread, evidence for containment failure and metrics for absolute or partial containment. Case studies documenting either near-absolute (Orobanche ramosa L., branched broomrape) or partial (Parthenium hysterophorus (L.) King and Robinson, parthenium) containment are presented. Results: While useful for informing containment strategies, predictive models cannot be employed in containment programme evaluation owing to the highly stochastic nature of realized weed spread. The quality of observations is critical to the timely detection of weed spread. Effectiveness of surveillance and monitoring activities will be improved by utilizing information on habitat suitability and identification of sites from which spread could most compromise containment. Proof of containment failure may be difficult to obtain. The default option of assuming that a new detection represents containment failure could lead to an underestimate of containment success, the magnitude of which will depend on how often this assumption is made. Main conclusions: Evaluation of weed containment programmes will be relatively straightforward if containment is either absolute or near-absolute and may be based on total containment area and direct measures of containment failure, for example, levels of dispersal, establishment and reproduction beyond (but proximal to) the containment line. Where containment is only partial, other measures of containment effectiveness will be required. These may include changes in the rates of detection of new infestations following the institution of interventions designed to reduce dispersal, the degree of compliance with such interventions, and the effectiveness of tactics intended to reduce fecundity or other demographic drivers of spread. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Colony nutrition skews reproduction in a social spider

Cooperative breeding societies are characterized by alloparental care and unequal distribution of reproduction (skewed reproduction). Competition for resources among group members may determine the reproductive outcome of each individual. In a spider colony, females feed together on prey and therefore may compete over the extraction of specific nutrients required for reproduction. Here we examined the occurrence of skewed reproduction in colonies of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola (Eresidae) in nature and asked whether competition over specific limiting nutrients is a mechanism leading to unequal distribution of reproduction. We determined the nutritional composition of breeding and nonbreeding females in natural colonies. By supplementing field colonies with prey rich in either proteins or lipids, we examined the effect of these nutrients on female breeding potential. We then determined which nutrients were extracted from prey by breeding and nonbreeding females in a noncompetitive setting. About 40% of the females in natural colonies are potential breeders. Field colonies supplemented with lipid-rich prey had a higher percentage of breeding females than colonies supplemented with protein-rich prey. Furthermore, when feeding alone, nonbreeding females extracted more lipids relative to protein than breeding females. We suggest that lipids are critical for maturation and ovarian development and that competition for lipids determines the skewed reproduction observed in colonies of S. dumicola. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Audio Source Separation and Speech Enhancement

Audio source separation and speech enhancement aim to extract one or more source signals of interest from an audio recording involving several sound sources. These technologies are among the most studied in audio signal processing today and bear a critical role in the success of hearing aids, hands-free phones, voice command and other noise-robust audio analysis systems, and music post-production software.