Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementing a Firearm Safety Intervention in Pediatric Primary Care as a Universal Suicide Prevention Strategy

Key Points Question What are the needs of stakeholders who would be affected by implementing an evidence-based approach to firearm safety promotion in pediatric primary care as a universal suicide prevention strategy? Findings In this qualitative study of 58 stakeholders, firearm safety promotion for suicide prevention was described as acceptable, mostly feasible to implement, and a health system priority. Participants described the importance of leveraging existing infrastructures and brevity. Meaning The results of this contextual inquiry provide valuable insights toward future efforts to implement firearm safety promotion in pediatric primary care to prevent suicide.
Importance of vulnerability scanners for improving security and protection of the web servers

Technological development, in particular information and communication technologies (ICT), has caused the most immediate and quickest changes in the everyday way of life of people. The result of this is the world we have today, all around us are computers that are an integral part of our everyday life, while at the same time we use the networks constantly and everywhere. The Internet (the network of all networks) is the media we rely on in our work, gives us answers to all questions, concerns and topics that interest us, helps us learn and transfer data for any purpose. But, Internet often can be an insecure place and that it represents a connection of all those who want to be involved, including those malicious. A very important and very complex step in securing networks and network systems is the vulnerability assessment. Therefore, the paper aims to point out the importance of the vulnerability scanners in improving the security and protection of the web servers.
Sockets and Beyond: Assessing the Source Code of Network Applications

Network applications are typically developed with frameworks that hide the details of low-level networking. The motivation is to allow developers to focus on application-specific logic rather than low-level mechanics of networking, such as name resolution, reliability, asynchronous processing and quality of service. In this article, we characterize statistically how opensource applications use the Sockets API and identify a number of requirements for network applications based on our analysis. The analysis considers five fundamental questions: naming with end-host identifiers, name resolution, multiple end-host identifiers, multiple transport protocols and security. We discuss the significance of these findings for network application frameworks and their development. As two of our key contributions, we present generic solutions for a problem with OpenSSL initialization in C-based applications and a multihoming issue with UDP in all of the analyzed four frameworks.
Exercise and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Community-Dwelling Adults

The authors used the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of physical activity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older community-dwelling adults. A random-effects model was used for all primary analyses. Of the 257 studies screened, 11 randomized controlled trials representing 13 groups and 617 men and women (324 physical activity, 293 control), all older than 50, were included. Overall, a significant (small to moderate) standardized effect size improvement was found for physical function as a result of physical activity (Hedges's g = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19, 0.64, p < .001). This was equivalent to a common language effect size of 62% and an odds ratio of 2.14 (95% CI = 1.42, 3.24). No significant differences were found for the other nine HRQOL outcomes. Although additional research is needed, results suggest that physical activity improves self-reported physical function, a component of HRQOL, in older community-dwelling adults.
Strengthening Password-Based Web Authentication Through Multiple Supplementary Mechanisms

User authentication is one of the primary mechanisms that protects online accounts from break-in by attackers. Password-based authentication is currently the most widespread form of user authentication, but has many well-documented usability and security drawbacks. As an increasing number of consumer, financial, governmental, and other organizations move towards offering services online, users are burdened with creating and managing increasingly large portfolios of online accounts; this increased user burden exacerbates the drawbacks of password-based authentication. This thesis contributes to the reinforcement of password-based authentication by pursuing parallel mechanisms that improve security without further burdening users---this is a prominent avenue of improvement, given the continued dominance of password authentication. To that end, our contributions achieve three broad goals. First, we identify, develop, and evaluate device fingerprinting mechanisms for use alongside passwords, and offer guidance on their use, to enhance the security of password-based web authentication. Second, we expand on the concept of mimicry resistance, a dimension that has thus far been overlooked in the design and study of web authentication schemes. We develop a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the mimicry resistance of web authentication schemes and provide guidance on how to combine multiple schemes alongside password authentication to maximize the benefits gained. Third, we perform a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of a broad range of single sign-on (SSO) schemes, which reduce password fatigue by allowing users to access a multitude of online services through a single master password. We identify design properties of SSO schemes and develop an evaluation framework that highlights their benefits and drawbacks, revealing trade-offs between different designs. These three contributions encompass complementary approaches that can be used together to improve online security with minimal impact on usability.
Learning object elements extraction towards reusability of learning object in e-learning context

In this paper we present the process of learning object element extraction for enabling the reusing of Learning Object (LO) in e-Learning context. A prototype of learning objects repository that contain granular LO has been developed to show the process of granularizing LO. Each of existing LO will be extracted into granular element with the metadata and the system generated unique id for each LO based on its identifier (URL of LO) and save automatically the metadata contain in the LO. In future work these metadata will be used for searching and retrieval process of the granule LO.
Spoken Dialogue Understanding and Local Context.

Abstract : Spoken dialogue poses many new problems to researchers in the field of computational linguistics. In particular, conversants must detect and correct speech repairs, segment a turn into individual utterances, and identify discourse markers. These problems are interrelated. For instance, there are some lexical items whose role in an utterance can be ambiguous: they can act as discourse markers, signal a speech repair, or even be part of the content of an utterance unit. So, these issues must be addressed together. The resolution of these problems will allow a basic understanding of how a speaker's turn can be broken down into individual contributions to the dialogue. We propose that this resolution must be and can be done using local context. They do not require a full understanding of the dialogue so far, nor, in most cases, a deep understanding of the current turn. Resolving these issues locally also means they can be resolved for the most part before later processing, and so will make a natural language understanding system more robust and able to deal with the unconstrained nature of spoken dialogue. (AN)
Promoting research competence: introduction of the nursing research immersion program in Singapore General Hospital

Individual, organisational and environmental factors play an significant role in developing and promoting research utilisation among nurses. Building a strong research foundation is important for the future of nursing profession. Research utilisation among newly graduated registered nurses has been reportedly to be low in previous population-based longitudinal studies. Historically, nurses find it difficult to understand the value of a nursing research in the course of their clinical practice therefore a more creative and interactive strategies (experiential learning) are needed to make research relevant to clinical practice. This article describes the efforts of a large teaching hospital in Singapore in promoting and building research competence among nurses in the clinical care setting. An immersion program similar to a research internship offers an in-depth and experiential learning experience. It allows students to learn a new knowledge and skills by being completely immersed and engaged in the prescribed activity. The goal of the immersion program is to develop research skills through active participation in the research process and to develop novice nurses’ ability to implement and evaluate evidence-based project that aimed to improve treatment outcomes of patients. An immersion program such as the one described in this article provides a strategy to promote a culture of evidence-based practice. The experiential knowledge gained through this type of program may advance the nursing profession.
La n egociation des points de vue

The on-line encyclopaedia Wikipedia is a pragmatic patchwork, an assemblage of many singular points of view on a given subject, based on rules of clarity and communicability of public statements. Its success reWects a transformation of our relationship with knowledge. In this article the authors use a social map of the conWicts in the online encyclopaedia to study the places where discussion tilts into dispute, quarrels and complaints for moral misconduct or disturbance. Based on statistics and focused monographs, they show that the Wikipedia is characterized by the inability to solve certain conWicts through existing procedures, and explore the reasons for this phenomenon.
Pulsated free jets with spray injection : Eulerian multi-fluid modelling and simulation versus experimental measurements

The accurate simulation of the dynamics of polydisperse evaporating sprays in unsteady gaseous flow with large scale vortical structures is both a crucial issue for industrial combustion application and a challenge for modelling and scientific computing. Various appraoches have been developped in order to resolve the dispersed liquid phase starting from a “mesoscopic” level of description through the Williams equation. The usual Lagrangian approaches in polydisperse unsteady configurations lead to a very high computational cost and induce coupling difficulties due to the different type of description of the two phases involved. Several Eulerian models have been recently developed in order to avoid these two difficulties. However, the validation of the obtained models through detailed comparisons with measurements on well-instrumented experimental devices are seldom conducted in the litterature. In the present contribution, we consider the configuration of acoustically pulsated free jets with a polydisperse spray injection in a 2D axisymmetrical pulsated jet. It creates large vortical structure which are representative of the flow in more complex configurations and a strong interaction with the injected spray. In this context, we provide both a series of detailed experimental measurements through the coupling of laser diagnostics, as well as the multi-fluid modelling and associated numerical schemes in order to simulate accurately the dynamics of the spray. It allows us to study the physics of the coupling between the two phases and to validate the Eulerian multi-fluid model using the experimental measurements.
Biomarkers of Inflammation in Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an important precursor to many different cardiovascular diseases. Diastolic abnormalities have been studied extensively in the past decade, and it has been confirmed that one of the mechanisms leading to heart failure is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory reaction. The triggers are classical cardiovascular risk factors, grouped under the name of metabolic syndrome (MetS), or other systemic diseases that have an inflammatory substrate such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The triggers could induce myocardial apoptosis and reduce ventricular wall compliance through the release of cytokines by multiple pathways such as (1) immune reaction, (2) prolonged cell hypoxemia, or (3) excessive activation of neuroendocrine and autonomic nerve function disorder. The systemic proinflammatory state causes coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation which reduces nitric oxide bioavailability, cyclic guanosine monophosphate content, and protein kinase G (PKG) activity in adjacent cardiomyocytes favoring hypertrophy development and increases resting tension. So far, it has been found that inflammatory cytokines associated with the heart failure mechanism include TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. Some of them could be used as diagnosis biomarkers. The present review aims at discussing the inflammatory mechanisms behind diastolic dysfunction and their triggering conditions, cytokines, and possible future inflammatory biomarkers useful for diagnosis.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PREDNISOLONE PROLIPOSOMAL GEL FOR EFFECTIVE TOPICAL PHARMACOTHERAPY

The present objective for the study was to prepare proliposomal gel bearing a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, prednisolone intended for topical application. Various proliposome formulations were prepared using thin film hydration technique by varying the lipid phase composition (lecithin/cholesterol). Proliposome formulations were characterized for drug content, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, surface charge, FTIR and stability studies. Topical proliposomal gels were prepared by incorporation of proliposome into strusctured vehicle carbopol (2%). Alternatively, hydrogels containing prednisolone were prepared and their drug release properties were investigated. Pharmacodynamic activity was also determined for optimized proliposomal gel and was compared with commercial marketed gel. A spherical shape of reconstituted prednisolone liposome with an average vesicle about 2~6μm was observed in photomicrographs. The percentage entrapment of drug was increased with increase in phospholipid composition in the range of 85-98%. FTIR studies showed no possible drug-excipient interaction. Proliposomal gel showed prolonged release of prednisolone than the hydrogels. Anti-inflammatory activity proliposomal gel showed maximum percentage of inhibition of edema 60% when compared to commercial marketed gel 55%. Stability studies indicated that product is stable and should be stored at low temperatures. Proposed prednisolone proliposomal gel showed sustains release with enhanced anti inflammatory activity implicating its potential in effective topical pharmacotherapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Uma arquitetura P2P baseada na hierarquia do endereçamento IP com roteamento unificado

Entre as diversas abordagens para se aproveitar os recursos computacionais ociosos existentes nas folhas da Internet, ou seja, nas maquinas dos usuarios, as redes peer-to-peer (P2P) vem ganhando destaque especial nos ultimos anos devido principalmente a sua escalabilidade, desempenho e tolerância a falhas. As arquiteturas P2P atuais, entretanto, ainda apresentam alguns problemas como a sobrecarga nos nos devido a realizacao do roteamento de mensagens, o numero elevado de nos reconfigurados devido a mudancas de topologia da rede, a existencia de trafego de roteamento dentro das redes das organizacoes que nao e destinado a nenhuma de suas maquinas e a ausencia de relacao entre a proximidade dos nos na rede P2P e a proximidade desses nos na rede IP. Embora algumas arquiteturas considerem essas distâncias na rede IP, o fazem atraves de metodos que requerem a troca de informacoes constantemente. Nesse trabalho nos propomos uma arquitetura P2P para resolver os problemas citados. Essa arquitetura e composta por tres partes. A primeira parte consiste em uma arquitetura P2P basica, chamada SGrid, que mantem a relacao dos nos na rede P2P com suas posicoes na rede IP e atribui regioes de chaves adjacentes para nos de uma mesma organizacao. A segunda parte consiste em um protocolo chamado NATal (Routing and NAT application layer) que estende a arquitetura basica para retirar dos nos a funcao de roteamento de mensagens. A terceira parte consiste de um tipo especial de no, chamado LSP (Lightware Super-Peer), que e o responsavel pela manutencao das tabelas de roteamento P2P. Alem da descricao da arquitetura proposta e da especificacao dos protocolos SGrid e NATal, esse trabalho apresenta o simulador desenvolvido para validar a arquitetura e um modulo para ser utilizado em roteadores Linux que implementa o protocolo Natal
The genomic landscape of clonal hematopoiesis in Japan

Cancer and aging are widely assumed to involve similar biological trajectories in different populations, though such biology has not been systematically characterized on a population scale. Clonal hematopoiesis with acquired mutations is a pre-cancerous condition that becomes common with advancing age. Here we describe shared and population-specific patterns of genomic mutation revealed by 33,250 autosomal mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) we ascertained from 179,417 Japanese participants in the BioBank Japan cohort and compared to analogous analyses of UK Biobank. In this long-lived Japanese population, mCAs were detected in more than 35.0% (s.e. 1.4%) of individuals older than 90 years, suggesting that such clones trend toward inevitability with aging. Japanese and Europeans exhibited key differences in the genomic locations of mutations in their respective hematopoietic clones, which anticipated the populations’ relative rates of CLL (more common among Europeans) and T-cell lymphoma (more common among Japanese). Multiple mutational precursors of CLL (including trisomy 12, 13q loss, and 13q CNN-LOH) were also 2-6x less common among the Japanese, suggesting that these populations differ in selective pressures on clones long before the development of clinically apparent CLL. Japanese and UK populations also exhibited very different rates of clones arising from B- and T-cell lineages, anticipating the relative rates of B- and T-cell cancers in these populations. We identified six new loci at which inherited variants predispose to mCAs that duplicate or remove inherited risk alleles, including large-effect rare variants at NBN, MRE11, and CTU2 (OR=28-91). Our results motivate further exploration of the global genomic landscape of clonal hematopoiesis and cancer, and point to population-specific selective pressures on hematopoietic clones.
Image Segmentation of Cattle Muzzle Using Region Merging Statistical Technic

Making an identification system that able to assist in obtaining, recording and organizing information is the first step in developing any kind of recording system. Nowadays, many recording systems were developed with artificial markers although it has been proved that it has many limitations. Biometrics use of animals provides a solution to these restrictions. On a cattle, biometric features contained in the cattle muzzle that can be used as a pattern recognition sample. Pattern recognition methods can be used for the development of cattle identification system utilizing biometric found on the cattle muzzle using digital image processing techniques. In this study, we proposed cattle muzzle identification method using segmentation Statistical Region Merging (SRM). This method aims to identify specific patterns found on the cattle muzzle by separating the object pattern (foreground) from unnecessary information (background) This method is able to identified individual cattle based on the pattern of it muzzle. Based on our evaluation, this method can provide good performance results. This method good performance can be seen from the precision and recall : 87% and the value of ROC : 0.976. Hopefully this research can be used to help identify cattle accurately on the recording process.
Software Security Technologies

Providing the perfect blend of basic security theory and practical software security programming, Software Security Technologies: A Programmatic Approach offers a valuable introduction to the field of software security. Divided into three parts, this comprehensive guide encourages readers to master their security skills by building on the basics. The first section of the book is devoted to fundamental security theories that govern common software security technical issues. Coverage then progresses to a focus on the practical programming materials that will teach readers how to implement security solutions using the most popular software packages. Using these theories and programming practices as a foundation, the book concludes with a section on security in practice, demonstrating how the conceptual and practical materials covered in the first two sections are applied in real-world scenarios. All of these topics are explained using a straightforward approach, so that readers can grasp the information quickly and easily, gaining the confidence they need to further develop their skills in software security technologies.
A Markov Decision Model for a Surveillance Application and Risk-Sensitive Markov Decision Processes

First, we model the dynamics of threat of an infrastructure as a continuous-time Markov decision process. Several structural results are derived. Furthermore, the model is approximately solved by using an index-based heuristics. Second, we consider discrete-time Markov decision processes. The criterion is to minimize the average value-at-risk for the discounted cost over a finite and over an infinite horizon. Moreover, the average value-at-risk criterion is considered for the average cost.
Exploiting Side Information in Partial Monitoring Games

Partial monitoring games are played sequentially between a learner and an environment. In each round, the learner performs an action and the environment selects an outcome. The result is manifested as a loss incurred upon the learner. In general, the learner may not be aware of his exact losses, but receives some form of limited feedback. In many cases, the learner may receive side information at the beginning of each round which he may use to further inform his actions. It turns out that certain settings lend themselves naturally to this model. Procurement, dynamic pricing and product testing are a few examples. We implement an instantiation of the CBP-SIDE algorithm that uses linear least squares estimators to determine the best possible action given the side information. We compare the performance CBP-SIDE on a variety of problem instances, using a leading contextual bandit algorithm as our baseline. Our settings include: contextual bandits with linear payoffs, several synthetic problem instances of varying levels of difficulty and an online procurement setting. In the latter, we introduce a novel consideration of worker utilities and evaluate the performance of CBP-SIDE across several loss models.