Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eficacia in vitro de la moxifloxacina frente a Candida albicans en enfermedad periodontal

lntroduction: Chronic periodontitis is associated with a widely diverse and complex subgingival microbiota including possibly Gandida species. Objective: prevalence and in vitro antifungal sensitivity of isolates of Gandida species were examined in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates for moxifloxacin was performed by serial dilutions technique.The presence of Gandida species-positive individuals were described as the percentage of individuals with at least one infected pocket. Results and conclusions: Gandida species were detected in 13.2% of 76 chronic periodontitis patients. Moxifloxacin significantly inhibited the growth of Gandida (90%). Moxifloxacin may be a good alternative for the treatment of yeasts in periodontitis for the reason that under specific situations the superinfection by Gandida can be refractory to conventional periodontal treatments.
Measuring semantic distance for linked open data-enabled recommender systems

The Linked Open Data (LOD) initiative has been quite successful in terms of publishing and interlinking data on the Web. On top of the huge amount of interconnected data, measuring relatedness between resources and identifying their relatedness could be used for various applications such as LOD-enabled recommender systems. In this paper, we propose various distance measures, on top of the basic concept of Linked Data Semantic Distance (LDSD), for calculating Linked Data semantic distance between resources that can be used in a LOD-enabled recommender system. We evaluated the distance measures in the context of a recommender system that provides the top-N recommendations with baseline methods such as LDSD. Results show that the performance is significantly improved by our proposed distance measures incorporating normalizations that use both of the resources and global appearances of paths in a graph.
A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of the Effectiveness of Radioactive Iodine Remnant Ablation for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Radioactive iodine remnant ablation destroys residual thyroid tissue after surgical resection of papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. We systematically reviewed 1543 English references to determine whether remnant ablation decreases the risk of thyroid cancer-related death or recurrence after bilateral thyroidectomy for papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. In 13 cohort studies in which the analysis of thyroid cancer-related outcomes was statistically adjusted to a variable degree for prognostic factors or cointerventions, rates of recurrences of thyroid cancer-related outcomes were significantly decreased in the following: one of seven studies examining thyroid cancer-related mortality, three of six studies examining any tumor recurrence, three of three studies examining locoregional recurrence, and two of three studies examining distant metastases. Thyroid hormone suppressive therapy was not adjusted for in the majority of these analyses. In 18 cohort studies not adjusted for prognostic factors or interventions, the benefit of radioactive iodine ablation in decreasing the thyroid cancer-related mortality and any recurrence at 10 yr was inconsistent among centers. However, pooled analyses were suggestive of a statistically significant treatment effect of ablation for the following 10-yr outcomes: locoregional recurrence (relative risk of 0.31, 95% confidence interval, 0.2, 0.49) and distant metastases (absolute decrease in risk 3%, 95% confidence interval, risk decreases 1-4%). In conclusion, radioactive iodine ablation may be beneficial in decreasing recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer; however, results are inconsistent among centers for some outcomes, and the incremental benefit of remnant ablation in low-risk patients treated with bilateral thyroidectomy and thyroid hormone suppressive therapy is unclear.
Parenting early intervention pathfinder evaluation : 2nd interim report

This report addresses Phase 2 of the evaluation of the roll out of the Parenting Early Intervention Pathfinder (PEIP), an initiative to fund local authorities (LAs) to implement one of three parenting programmes selected by the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) following a review of available programmes: Triple P, Webster-Stratton Incredible Years and Strengthening Families, Strengthening Communities. The Pathfinder funds 15 LAs (5 per programme) as the core group. In addition, three funded and two non-funded comparison LAs are in the study. The programme started in the summer of 2006 and is due to end by 31 March 2008. The final report is due by the end of March, 2008. The Pathfinder is designed to provide parenting programmes but underlying the rationale is the need to influence positively the behaviour of the children. The Pathfinder is designed to focus on children aged 8-13 years, although it is recognized that the benefits of improved parenting may influence younger and older siblings in the family. The severity of the children’s problems, and whether parents voluntarily seek the support of the programme or are required to attend, are potentially key elements in how the programmes operate.
Long-term tolerability and efficacy of the combination of amlodipine/valsartan in hypertensive patients: a 54-week, open-label extension study*

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the long-term tolerability and efficacy of the amlodipine/valsartan 5/320 mg once daily (o.d.) combination in hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a 54-week, multicenter, open-label extension study in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension selected after successfully completing a core study during which they received either placebo, amlodipine, valsartan or combination therapy. Eligible patients (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [MSDBP] ≤ 95 mmHg and mean sitting systolic blood pressure [MSSBP] ≤ 150 mmHg; n = 403) were started with amlodipine/valsartan 2.5/160 mg o.d. Following the initial 2-week treatment period, patients were force titrated to amlodipine/valsartan 5/320 mg o.d. for the remainder of the trial. Only the first 150 patients who successfully completed 28 weeks of the extension study were eligible to continue further treatment for 12 months. Efficacy variables were change from core study baseline in MSDBP and MSSBP at study (extension) endpoint. Safety assessments consisted of monitoring and recording all adverse events and serious adverse events. Results: Reductions in MSDBP and MSSBP were achieved at each extension visit. At endpoint, the reductions in MSDBP and MSSBP were 17.0 and 24.2 mmHg. Summary statistics by subgroup indicate that the combination of amlodipine/valsartan 5/320 mg was effective regardless of age, gender, or stage of hypertension. Peripheral edema occurred in 1.2% of the patients. No case of edema was classified as serious or severe, and no patient was discontinued due to edema. No deaths or clinically significant laboratory findings were observed during this extension study. Conclusions: Long-term treatment with the amlodipine/valsartan 5/320 mg combination was well-tolerated. Clinically significant and persistent reductions in blood pressure were achieved. Limitations included an open-label design and inclusion of only those patients at or near goal blood pressure after the preceding core trial.
Explicit Solution of a Two-Dimensional Deterministic Inventory Problem

We determine the optimal ordering policy for impulse control of a deterministic two-product inventory system subject to constant demand rates, linear storage and shortage costs and economies of joint ordering. The optimal cost is explicitly obtained as the smoothest solution of a two-dimensional Quasi-Variational Inequality. Exact construction of the boundary of the continuation set leads to the optimal ordering policy. Extensions to independent products, average cost and n-product case n > 2 are also briefly considered.
Average, Sensitive and Blackwell Optimal Policies in Denumerable Markov Decision Chains with Unbounded Rewards

In this paper we consider a discrete-time Markov decision chain with a denumerable state space and compact action sets and we assume that for all states the rewards and transition probabilities depend continuously on the actions. The first objective of this paper is to develop an analysis for average optimality without assuming a special Markov chain structure. In doing so, we present a set of conditions guaranteeing average optimality, which are automatically fulfilled in the finite state and action model. The second objective is to study simultaneously average and discount optimality as Veinott Veinott, A. F. , Jr. 1969. On discrete dynamic programming with sensitive discount optimality criteria. Ann. Math. Statist.40 1635--1660. did for the finite state and action model. We investigate the concepts of n-discount and Blackwell optimality in the denumerable state space, using a Laurent series expansion for the discounted rewards. Under the same condition as for average optimality, we establish solutions to the n-discount optimality equations for every n.
Evolution of the Inhalation of Vapors and Aerosols in the Care of Asthma and Other Respiratory Diseases

The inhalation of vapors or smoke to treat respiratory ailments dates back to India, 4,000 years ago when those afflicted would smoke the leaves of Atropa Belladona, the source of atropine, for cough. In 1849, the inhalation of aerosolized spa waters was introduced. Thereafter, pneumatic and steam-powered nebulizers aerosolized a variety of substances for bronchospasm and treatment of tuberculosis. Nebulizers with control over particle size evolved in the mid-1900s. The problem with small respirable volumes and waste to the environment with nebulizers led to development of more efficient nebulizers. The pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI, 1956), overcame several disadvantages of predicate nebulizers. The evolution away from chloroflourocarbon (CFC) propellants to hydroflouroalkane propellants eliminates the harmful environmental effects of CFCs. Valved holding chambers improve aerosol penetration and deposition. Dry powder inhalers (DPI), are a mainstay of aerosol therapy as they are convenient and se.
On the Existence of an Arrow-Radner Equilibrium in the Case of Complete Markets. A Remark

We consider a continuous time pure exchange stochastic economy with a financial sector. We first give a proof of the "equivalence" of Arrow-Radner and Arrow-Debreu equilibria under the assumption that the gains associated to the securities form a local martingale generator. We then give a simple proof of existence of an Arrow-Debreu equilibrium in the separable utility case, under the assumption that either all agents have finite marginal utility at zero or aggregate endowment is uniformly bounded below.
Gamer Style: Performance Factors in Gamified Simulation

Serious games and gamified simulations are increasingly being used to aid instruction in technical disciplines including the medical field. Assessments of player performance are important in understanding user profiles in order to establish serious games as a reliable, consistent method for increasing skills and competence in all trainees. In this study we used questionnaires, game characteristic metrics and EEG analysis to explore players' performance in a bronchoscopy simulator. We found that players who performed better were younger, made fewer errors, were quicker and differed in spectral profile during game play. Our findings, while speculative, have implications for training regimes in which gamified simulations are employed. We make suggestions for game design and for tailoring training regimes to suit individual learning styles to enhance knowledge acquisition and retention.
Eculizumab treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

Introduction: This review focuses on the use of an orphan drug eculizumab (Soliris®; Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.), for the treatment of an extremely rare disease, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS is associated with very high mortality and morbidity rates. Current therapies (plasma therapy, liver transplant) are imperfect and fraught with complications. The authors briefly describe the clinical features and diagnosis of aHUS. The pathogenesis is the result of mutations in genes encoding alternative complement regulators. This results in unregulated activity of the alternate complement pathway, endothelial injury, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Eculizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits the production of the terminal complement components C5a and the membrane attack complex (C5b-9) by binding to complement protein C5a. This blocks the proinflammatory and cytolytic effects of terminal complement activation. Areas covered: Eculizumab use is described in many case reports and in two prospective Phase II open-label clinical trials in adolescent and adult patients with aHUS. There is also a retrospective study in children, adolescents and adults with aHUS. There are few serious side-effects and no reports of tachphylaxis or drug resistance. Expert opinion: The results are very encouraging and more information is being obtained regarding the optimal timing of initiation, doses and maintenance protocols. Cost and availability may be important limitations to its widespread use. In summary, eculizumab therapy is now the standard of care in the prevention and treatment of episodes of aHUS. Prophylactic eculizumab should be used for renal transplant candidates with a genetically determined risk of post-transplantation aHUS recurrence.
Turnpike Sets and Their Analysis in Stochastic Production Planning Problems

This paper considers optimal infinite horizon stochastic production planning problems with capacity and demand to be finite state Markov chains. The existence of the optimal feedback control is shown with the aid of viscosity solutions to the dynamic programming equations. Turnpike set concepts are introduced to characterize the optimal inventory levels. It is proved that the turnpike set is an attractor set for the optimal trajectories provided that the capacity is assumed to be fixed at a level exceeding the maximum possible demand. Conditions under which the optimal trajectories enter the convex closure of the set in finite time are given. The structure of turnpike sets is analyzed. Last but not least, it is shown that the turnpike sets exhibit a monotone property with respect to capacity and demand. It turns out that the monotonicity property helps in solving the optimal production problem numerically, and in some cases, analytically.
A Lower Bound on the Expected Cost of an Optimal Assignment

We propose a dual heuristic for the assignment problem. We analyze this heuristic when the costs are independently and uniformly distributed between 0 and 1. As a result, we derive a lower bound on the expected cost of an optimal assignment, namely we show that it exceeds α-o1, where α > 1.441.
Mini-implants in orthodontics. Innovative anchorage concepts (2008)

Editors: Bjorn Ludwig, , Sebastian Baumgaertel, and S. Jay Bowman. Publisher: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden, Surrey, UK Price: £175.00 ISBN: 978-2-91255-050-7 At first glance, this book on mini-implants appears to be very promising since it brings together recognized authors from both Germany and the United States of America where indirect and direct anchorage mechanics, respectively, appear to predominate. However, this potential strength has not been fully realized and it is disappointing that the chapters have not been better edited to improve consistency and minimize repetition. For example, whilst the title refers to mini-implants, much of the text refers to mini-screws. In addition, given the pace of change in this new field, it would have been helpful for the references to be contemporaneous with the book's final draft stage. The first two chapters are introductory ones on the background to …
Random Walk and the Area Below its Path

A simple random walk with reflected origin is considered. The walk starts at the origin and it must return to the origin at time 2n. We show that the expected area below the path of this walk is n22n−1/Cn2n. If, however, the walk is required to return to the origin for the first time at time 2n, then the expected area below the path of this Bernoulli excursion is (2n − 1)22n−1/Cn2n. We also show that if V1 < ⋯ < Vn is the order statistics based on a sample of size n from a uniform distribution over (0, 1), and that if U1 < ⋯ < Un is another independent set of order statistics from the same distribution, then E [∑i=1n |Vi − Ui|] = n22n−1/[(2n + 1)Cn2n] We use this result to find an average-case performance of the Earliest Due Date (EDD) heuristic for one machine scheduling problem with earliness and tardiness penalties. We also apply some of the results to Larson's Queue Inference Engine (1990).
PHYLOGENY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Chicken 7.1S immunoglobulin was purified from whole chicken serum by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The macroglobulin was purified by a combination of salt precipitation and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Both immunoglobulin molecules yielded 75% heavy (H) chains and 25% light (L) chains when subjected to extensive reduction and alkylation followed by gel filtration in 5 M guanidine-HCl. Antigenically reactive H and L chains were obtained by partial reduction and alkylation followed by gel filtration in 5 M guanidine-HCl. The 7.1S and 16.7S immunoglobulin H chains were antigenically unrelated to each other, whereas the L chains were antigenically indistinguishable from one another. The 16.7S H chains were found to have a mass of ∼70,000, and the 7.1S H chains had a mass of 67,500. The mass of the L chains was ∼22,000. Sedimentation equilibrium studies of the 7.1S immunoglobulin molecule gave a mol wt of ∼170,000 which is in good agreement with the 179,000 predicted on the basis of 2 H and 2 L polypeptide chains. The 16.7S molecule was shown to have a mol wt of ∼890,000. A reductive subunit that has a mol wt of ∼174,000 has been isolated from the 16.7S molecule. These values are consistent with the chicken macroglobulin having five subunits, each of which has 2 H and 2 L chains. The hexose contents of the chicken 7.1S and 16.7S immunoglobulins are 2.2% and 2.6%, respectively. The extinction coefficients of the 7.1S and 16.7S immunoglobulins were 13.18 ± 0.04 and 12.72 ± 0.77, respectively, when measured in 0.3 M KCl. Based upon physical-chemical and antigenic characteristics, the 16.7S immunoglobulin most closely resembles IgM of mammals. The 7.1S immunoglobulin definitely belongs to a different class than the 16,7S immunoglobulin, but it does not align itself very well with any of the mammalian immunoglobulins. We propose that this molecule be designated as IgY. Furthermore, this designation would be useful for the immunoglobulins of other species for which there is insufficient correlation with any of the known human immunoglobulins.
Scalable Kernel TCP Design and Implementation for Short-Lived Connections

With the rapid growth of network bandwidth, increases in CPU cores on a single machine, and application API models demanding more short-lived connections, a scalable TCP stack is performance-critical. Although many clean-state designs have been proposed, production environments still call for a bottom-up parallel TCP stack design that is backward-compatible with existing applications. We present Fastsocket, a BSD Socket-compatible and scalable kernel socket design, which achieves table-level connection partition in TCP stack and guarantees connection locality for both passive and active connections. Fastsocket architecture is a ground up partition design, from NIC interrupts all the way up to applications, which naturally eliminates various lock contentions in the entire stack. Moreover, Fastsocket maintains the full functionality of the kernel TCP stack and BSD-socket-compatible API, and thus applications need no modifications. Our evaluations show that Fastsocket achieves a speedup of 20.4x on a 24-core machine under a workload of short-lived connections, outperforming the state-of-the-art Linux kernel TCP implementations. When scaling up to 24 CPU cores, Fastsocket increases the throughput of Nginx and HAProxy by 267% and 621% respectively compared with the base Linux kernel. We also demonstrate that Fastsocket can achieve scalability and preserve BSD socket API at the same time. Fastsocket is already deployed in the production environment of Sina WeiBo, serving 50 million daily active users and billions of requests per day.
Effects of Denosumab on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women

Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease affecting approximately 10 million American adults. Several options are available to prevent development of the disease or slow and even stop its progression. Nonpharmacologic measures include adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, exercise, fall prevention, and avoidance of tobacco and excessive alcohol intake. Current drug therapy includes bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen or hormone therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and teriparatide. Denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor‐K B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Patients treated with denosumab experienced significant gains in bone mineral density, rapid reductions in markers of bone turnover, and a reduced risk for new vertebral fracture. Compared with placebo, patients receiving denosumab 60 mg subcutaneously once every 6 months experienced gains in bone mineral density of 6.5–11% when treated for 24–48 months. One trial demonstrated the superiority of denosumab compared with alendronate, but the differences were small. The most common adverse reactions to denosumab include back pain, pain in extremities, musculoskeletal pain, and cystitis. Serious, but rare, adverse reactions include the development of serious infections, dermatologic changes, and hypocalcemia. The recommended dosing of denosumab is 60 mg every 6 months as a subcutaneous injection in the upper arm, upper thigh, or abdomen. Although beneficial effects on bone mineral density and fracture rate have been established in clinical trials, the risks associated with denosumab must be evaluated before therapy initiation. Of concern is the risk of infection, and denosumab should likely be avoided in patients taking immunosuppressive therapy or at high risk for infection. Therefore, bisphosphonates will likely remain as first‐line therapy. Denosumab should be considered in patients unable to tolerate or who have adherence issues or contraindications to other therapies.