Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fairness, generosity and conditionality in the welfare system: the case of UK disability benefits

This paper represents a collaboration between a policy researcher and a behavioural scientist who studies cooperation. Our goal was to develop a shared understanding of one particular policy topic, the reforms to the UK system of disability benefits initiated during the last term of the New Labour Government and accelerated under the Conservative-led administrations since 2010. These reforms introduced much stronger focus on conditionality and assessment, aiming to reduce the cost of the benefit by identifying and removing ‘cheaters’ or ‘undeserving’ recipients from the system. The reforms have failed by even their own stated goals. Here, we seek to understand why they seemed appealing and intuitively likely to succeed. We argue that humans are vigilant cooperators, sensitive to cues of need in others, but also highly susceptible to the idea that others are cheating. This vigilance is particularly marked where they lack a reassuring stream of direct personal evidence to the contrary. The vigilance of human cooperative psychology makes ideas of greater conditionality and punishment easy for politicians to conceive of and sell. However, set against this, there are principles that can be used and successfully appealed to in advocating greater generosity in welfare systems. These include the fundamental social similarity of recipients and non-recipients, and the idea that resources are not generated individually but represent the common windfall of a whole group.Key messagesHumans are vigilant cooperators, motivated to help others, but attuned to cues of cheating.Vigilant cooperation drives popular intuitions about how welfare systems should work.This can be illustrated by examining changes to UK disability benefits.Appealing to popular intuitions does not necessarily lead to optimal policy making.
Halbach Array PM Machine Design for High Speed Dynamo Motor

For high speed motors, smaller rotor diameters are required to make the surface speed less than 250 m/s. At the same time, dynamo motors for propulsion systems often require high torque. In such an environment, permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors are more suitable than induction motors. In this work, a 270 kW dynamo motor is designed with a Halbach array using samarium-cobalt PMs. It utilizes the rotor back iron and carbon fiber sleeve on the rotor surface. Two design goals are set when the rotor inner and outer radii are fixed preferentially: minimization of PM usage and maximization of air gap field. A magnetic equivalent circuit is utilized to identify the saturation level of the rotor back iron and air gap field density. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is applied to find the optimal coverage of radial magnet in a pole pitch and the optimal PM height. It is also observed that the resulting Halbach array motor is superior to surface-mounted PM motor in torque performance when the same amount of PM is used. A prototype motor was built on a real scale, but with a reduced stack length.
Queima de folhas em Tectona grandis Linn. F. causadas por Phomopsis sp. em Sergipe

Phomopsis sp. e um fungo que causa serios danos em Tectona grandis, tais como manchas foliares necroticas, queima de folhas e de brotacoes novas. Em plantas de diferentes estadios de desenvolvimento mantidas em viveiro e no campo foram observados a presenca de manchas necroticas dispersa por todas as folhas. Amostras de folhas foram coletadas e enviadas ao Laboratorio de Patologia Florestal da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) para identificacao do agente causal das manchas. Apos teste de patogenicidade, realizado de acordo com o protocolo de Koch, o agente causal foi identificado como Phomopsis sp. Assim, este trabalho registra a primeira ocorrencia de Phomopsis sp. em T. grandis no estado de Sergipe.
TSK Fuzzy System for Multi-View Data Discovery Underlying Label Relaxation and Cross-Rule & Cross-View Sparsity Regularizations

Industry 4.0 places special emphasis on the use of intelligent models to discover patterns in data. In this article, we propose a novel Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy system with low model complexity for multiview data pattern discovery. Compared with the classic TSK fuzzy systems, the proposed one has three merits: First, we introduce a transformation matrix to relax the strict binary label matrix of the training set so that the margins between classes become more discriminative. Second, we introduce two kinds of sparsity regularizations, i.e., cross-rule and cross-view, to reduce indiscriminative fuzzy rules and consequent parameters so that the model complexity is significantly reduced. Third, we introduce the alternating direction method of multipliers to optimize the objective function so that we have compact closed-form solutions in each iteration. Extensive experiments on different kinds of multiview image datasets indicate the promising performance for data pattern discovery with low model complexity.
A Review of Solid Waste Management Strategies in Nigeria

The global population and increased urbanization have resulted in the increased production of municipal solid waste, thus, becoming a critical issue as a result of its poor management and inappropriate disposal. This is particularly the case of developing countries. This study assessed Solid Waste Management (SWM) strategies commonly adopted by different state waste management Authorities in Nigeria with a view to develop a sustainable roadmap for the management of solid waste in Nigeria. It assessed the Traditional Solid Waste Management Strategy (TSWMS), Waste Minimisation Strategy (WMS) as well as the Technological Strategy (TcS) employed, laying focus on their challenges and benefits. The study depended on a desktop study approach; hence, data were obtained from secondary data as the main source of information with emphasis on published journals, conference papers, newspaper posts and statutory reports from government agencies relevant to the current study. Results from the review showed that waste management across various parts of Nigeria is poor, interwoven with several challenges at all phase of the management process with little benefits recorded on alternative SWM strategy. The reason for the low success rate of some of this management strategies were noted as; increase in population, area covered, increase in urbanization and industrialization, tenure of government, over dependence on government authorities for waste management, finance and other factors of the environment. Although most waste authorities rely heavily on the TSWMS, WMS and the TcS showed a better and promising alternative strategy when inculcated into the already existing strategy. Based on this finding, a roadmap for the actualization of a sustainable integrated solid waste management strategy was recommended for adaptation and adoption by the Nigerian SWM Authorities and Agencies. Keywords: Nigeria, Solid Waste Management, Traditional Solid Waste Management Strategy, Waste Minimisation Strategy, Technological Strategy, Waste Authorities. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-6-11 Publication date: June 30 th 2020
Acceleration of MLFMA Simulations Using Trimmed Tree Structures

We present a novel approach to accelerate the electromagnetic simulations by the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). The strategy is based on a progressive elimination of the electromagnetic interactions, resulting in trimmed tree structures, during iterative solutions. To perform such eliminations systematically, artificial neural network (ANN) models are constructed and trained to estimate the errors in the updated surface current coefficients. These column eliminations are supported by straightforward row eliminations, leading to increasingly sparse tree structures and matrix equations as iterations continue. We show that the proposed implementation, namely, trimmed MLFMA (T-MLFMA), leads to significantly accelerated electromagnetic simulations of the large-scale objects, while the accuracy is still much better than the high-frequency techniques. T-MLFMA can be seen as an exemplar of the implementations, where machine learning is successfully integrated into an electromagnetic solver for enhanced simulations.
Preferential Identification of Agonistic OX40 Antibodies by Using Cell Lysate to Pan Natively Paired, Humanized Mouse-Derived Yeast Surface Display Libraries

To discover therapeutically relevant antibody candidates, many groups use mouse immunization followed by hybridoma generation or B cell screening. One modern approach is to screen B cells by generating natively paired single chain variable fragment (scFv) display libraries in yeast. Such methods typically rely on soluble antigens for scFv library screening. However, many therapeutically relevant cell-surface targets are difficult to express in a soluble protein format, complicating discovery. In this study, we developed methods to screen humanized mouse-derived yeast scFv libraries using recombinant OX40 protein in cell lysate. We used deep sequencing to compare screening with cell lysate to screening with soluble OX40 protein, in the context of mouse immunizations using either soluble OX40 or OX40-expressing cells and OX40-encoding DNA vector. We found that all tested methods produce a unique diversity of scFv binders. However, when we reformatted forty-one of these scFv as full-length monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we observed that mAbs identified using soluble antigen immunization with cell lysate sorting always bound cell surface OX40, whereas other methods had significant false positive rates. Antibodies identified using soluble antigen immunization and cell lysate sorting were also significantly more likely to activate OX40 in a cellular assay. Our data suggest that sorting with OX40 protein in cell lysate is more likely than other methods to retain the epitopes required for antibody-mediated OX40 agonism.
Can Existing Estimates for Ecosystem Service Values Inform Forest Management?

: This paper aims at analyzing whether existing economic value estimates for forest ecosystem services (ES) might be transferred and used for valuation purposes elsewhere, and whether these data are appropriate for application in forest management. Many forest ES are public goods or positive externalities, and as a consequence they do not have a market price. The valuation of forest ES can provide important information for decision making in forest management and planning as well as in political processes, especially by allowing the comparison of different alternatives and helping set priorities for practical actions, as well as developing financial incentives or support mechanisms. We analyze whether an integrated economic valuation model for forest ES can be developed based on existing published data. To achieve this, we assess to which extent a benefit transfer could be expedient, and which challenges must be addressed. Based on a literature search, we compiled an extensive database of forest ES values. Given that these values vary substantially for the same ES, such a database alone does not seem useful to serve as a decision and management support tool. In addition, the available information mainly focuses on forests as such, and does not include desirable forest composition and management targets. If existing estimates should be transferred and used for forest management decisions, both the background conditions of the primary studies and the indicators used for valuation need to be specified in detail. The most expedient approach in this context seemed to be a valuation function transfer based on a broad set of indicators, offering the possibility to adapt the valuation function to changing background conditions.
Assessing the Value of Grazed Corn Residue for Crop and Cattle Producers

Grazed corn residue is a cost‐efficient forage resource. Current value of grazed corn residue is $95 M returned to the crop sector in NE, SD, KS, and ND. Gross value for grazed corn residue is $191 M for the beef cattle sector in NE, SD, KS, and ND. Opportunities exist to increase use of corn residue grazing. Transportation costs and animal care arrangements are complicating factors.
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY INTENTION TO USE AND USE BY COGNITIVELY INTACT LONG-TERM NURSING HOME RESIDENTS

OF DISSERTATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY INTENTION TO USE AND USE BY COGNITIVELY INTACT LONG-TERM NURSING HOME RESIDENTS The goal of this dissertation was to gain an in depth understanding of intention to use and use of communication technology (CT) by long-term cognitively intact nursing home residents. This study also explored the value of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as a framework for investigating the CT use of longterm cognitively intact nursing home residents. A convergent mixed methods design was used to gather data through semi-structured interviews, a nursing home resident communication technology checklist, a modified UTAUT questionnaire, the UCLA loneliness scale 10 item version, and the self-rated health scale. Participants (n = 40) were recruited from six nursing homes in Kentucky. The majority of the participants (65%) used some type of communication technology more advanced than a landline telephone, twenty percent (20%) of the participants used only a landline telephone, and fifteen percent (15%) did not use any form of communication technology. Findings emphasize the value that communication technology holds with long-term cognitively intact nursing home residents through connection, feeling of security, support, and continued learning. The findings reveal the increased need for research to understand how CT affects the lives of long-term cognitively intact nursing home residents. To add to this research a revised UTAUT model tailored to the cognitively intact long-term nursing home resident is proposed which includes the constructs performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions moderated by age, functional health, personal communication preferences, and experience.
Frame-Wise CNN-Based Filtering for Intra-Frame Quality Enhancement of HEVC Videos

The paper proposes a novel frame-wise filtering method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for enhancing the quality of HEVC decoded videos. A novel deep neural network architecture is proposed for post-filtering the entire intra-coded videos. A novel scheme utilizing frame-size patches is employed for training the network. The proposed method filters the luminance channel separately from the pair of chrominance channels. A novel patch generation paradigm is proposed where, for each color channel, the corresponding mode map is generated based on the HEVC intra-prediction mode index and block segmentation. The proposed CNN-based filtering method is an alternative to the traditional HEVC built-in in-loop filtering module for intra-coded frames. Experimental results on standard test sequences show that the proposed method outperforms the HEVC standard with average BD-rate savings of 11.1% and an average BD-PSNR improvement of 0.602 dB. The average relative improvement in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>PSNR is around 105% at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$QP = 42$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and around 85% at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$QP = 32$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared with state-of-the-art machine-learning-based methods.
Tulip-poplar leaf diffusion resistance calculated from stomatal dimensions and varying environmental parameters

The study describes the gradients of stomatal size and density in the crown of a mature forest-grown tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) in eastern Tennessee. These data are used to predict leaf resistance to vapor diffusion in relation to stomatal width and boundary layer resistance. Stomatal density on individual leaves did not vary, but density increased with increasing crown height. Stomatal size decreased with increasing height of leaves within the crown. Stomatal size and density variations interacted to result in a constant number of stomata per leaf at all crown heights. Stomatal diffusive resistance values calculated from stomatal measurements and varying environmental parameters indicated that stomatal resistance controlled transpiration water losses only at small apertures ( 0.6 .mu.m) and at low wind speeds (approx.100 cm/s). Under normal forest conditions tulip-poplar stomatal resistance exercised more control over transpiration than did boundary layer resistance.
Preliminary Evidence on the Validity of the Brazilian Short Work Attachment Measure - SWAM Version

Abstract There is growing interest on the relationship between attachment and work- or career-related decisions. However, to this date, there are no scientific reports assessing adult attachment in work environment in Brazilian samples. This study aimed to adapt and collect psychometric evidence from the Short Work Attachment Measure for Brazilian Portuguese. A total of 450 adults (62.2% women; mean age = 23.8 years old) from a Southeastern state of Brazil participated in this research. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial procedures replicated the original version of the two-dimensional structure of the measure. The McDonald’s Omega accuracy indicators were higher than 0.78 for the instrument. Evidence of convergent validity was observed with a measure of attachment to romantic relationships and life satisfaction. We concluded that the Brazilian version of SWAM presents adequate psychometric properties
Harmful effects of dietary supplementation of boron on blood parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

: Even though boron (B), as a trace micronutrient, occurs in natural waters and organisms, its high con centration could cause harmful and even toxic effects for organisms. Lately, studies about positive and negative effects of B on aquatic organisms have been increased with the growing scientific awareness. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of B-containing feed (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20% of B in feed) on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) compared to the control feed without B. Among the most remarkable results, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were dramatically decreased in the 0.20 % of B group compared to the control (P<0.05). Also, activities of liver enzymes increased with the increasing B level in the feed. Consequently, B supplementation (> 0.01%) to feed induced negative changes in blood parameters of rainbow trout.
The Effect of the Seasons and Sex on the Structure and Activity of the Thyroid Gland of Dromedary Camels

صخللما . اهماسجأ يف ضيلأا تايلمع ءادأ ىلع رثؤت نأ اهنأش نم ةيساق ةيوج فورظل ةيبرعلا لبلإا ضرعتت ةدغلل ةيجيسنلا صئاصخلا ىلع سنجلا عونو ةنسلا لوصف ريثأت ةسارد ىلإ ثحبلا اذه فدهي ل ةيقردلا ( نينورياثودويأ يثلاث :تانومرهلا تايوتسمو لبلإا ىد T3 ( نيسكوريثلاو ) T4 نومرهلاو ) ( ةيقردلا ةدغلل طشنلما TSH ىلع ةساردلا ةنيع تيرج ُ أ .) 28 جئاتنلا ترهظأو ،ةغلابلا لبلإا نم تاريغتلاب اهرطقو يرهجلما لاجلما/تابيرجلا ددعو ةيراهظلا ايلاخلا عافترا تاسايق يف فلاتخا ا ( يلاتلاك ةيمسولم 10.5 ± 0.46 ،رتموركيام 4.79 ± 2.12 , 122 ± 7.0 لباقم ،ءاتشلا يف رتموركيام 7.47 ± 0.32 ،رتموركيام 4.65 ± 2.23 , 130 ± 10.0 ليجست اضيأ متو ،)فيصلا يف رتموركيام ركذلا ىدل ( ثانلااو روكذلا نيب تاسايقلا هذه سفن يف تافلاتخا 9.2 ± 0.66 ،رتموركيام 5.47 ± 2.0 ةلصيوح ، 119 ± 6.0 لباقم ،رتموركيام 8.4 ± 0.69 ،رتموركيام 3.16 ± 1.2 ،ةلصيوح 146 ± 17.0 تانومرهلا ىوتسم ىلع ةيمسولما تافلاتخلاا ريثأت ناك نيح يف .)ىثنلأل رتموركيام ،ءاتشلا لصف يف( يلاتلاك (T3): 1.14 ± 0.12 ، لم /مارجونان (T4): 28.87 ± 1.36 /مارغوركيم ، رتليسيد (TSH): 3.68 ± 28 :فيصلا لباقم ،لم /ةدحو (T3): 0.95±0.10 ،لم/مارجونان (T4): 31.91±2.46 ،رتليسيد /مارغوركيم (TSH): 3.47±0.34 تاقورفلا ريثأت اضيأ تلجسُ ،)لم /ةدحو :روكذلل ةبسنلاب( يلاتلاك تانومرهلا ىلع ةيسنجلا (T3): 1.37±0.34 ،لم/مارجونان (T4): 30.14±2.45 يسيد / مارغوركيم ،رتل (TSH): 2.28±0.35 لباقم ،لم /ةدحو (T3): 1.06±0.06 ،لم /مارجونان (T4): 25.8±2.20 ،رتليسيد /مارغوركيم (TSH): 3.93±0.20 . )ثانلإل لم /ةدحو لبلإا ىدل ةيقردلا ةدغلا ىلع أرطت يتلا ريغتلا بناوج ىلع ءوضلا طيلستب ةساردلا هذه تهتنا احلا كانه لازي لاو ،مانسلا ةديحو فشكل هلمع اهب مايقلا بجي يتلا تاساردلا نم ديزم ىلإ ةج ةيوارحصلا هتئيب عم هملقأت ةيفيكو ناويحلا اذهل بناوجلا نم ديزلما . ABSTRACT The dromedary camels are exposed to extreme weather conditions that affect their metabolic performance. The current research aims to study the effects of seasons and sex on the histological features of camel thyroids and T3, T4, and TSH levels. Twenty-eight adult camels were used in this study. The height of the follicular epithelium, the number of the follicles/field, and the diameter of the follicles showed seasonal variations (winter 10.5±0.46 μm, 4.79±2.12, 122±7.0 vs. summer 7.47±0.32 μm, 4.65±2.23, 130±10.0 μm). These parameters were measured in different sexes and found to be (male 9.2±0.66 μm, 5.47±2.0 follicle/field, 119±6.0 μm vs. female 8.4±0.69 μm, 3.16±1.2 follicle/field, 146±17.0 μm). Seasonal differences at the hormonal level were (winter T3: 1.14±0.12 ng/ml, T4: 28.87±1.36 μg/dl, TSH: 3.68±28 MIU/ml vs. summer T3: 0.95±0.10ng/ml, T4: 31.91±2.46μg/dl, TSH: 3.47±0.34MIU/ml). Sexual variations were also recorded in these hormones (males: T3: 1.37±0.34 ng/ml, T4: 30.14±2.45 μg/dl, TSH: 2.28±0.35 MIU/ml vs. females: T3: 1.06±0.06 ng/ml, T4: 25.8±2.20μg/dl, TSH: 3.93±0.20 MIU/ml). In conclusion, this study sheds some light on aspects of the changes in camel thyroids. There is still much to be done to discover more characteristics of this animal and how it adapts to the desert environment.
Comparison of noise estimation methods used in denoising 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid images using wavelet transform

The objective of this study was to compare the performance of variance, median absolute deviation, and the square of median absolute deviation methods of noise estimation in denoising of99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid images using wavelet transform. Sixty-eight99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid images including 33 images acquired at zoom 1.0 and 35 acquired at zoom 2.0 were denoised using the wavethresh package in R. The image decomposition and reconstruction method discrete wavelet transform, wavelet filter db4, shrinkage method hard, and thresholding policy universal were used. The noise estimation in the process was made using var, mad and madmad functions, which use variance, mean absolute deviation, and the square of mean absolute deviation, respectively. The quality of denoised images was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. A nonparametric two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to find whether the difference in image quality produced by these three noise estimation methods was significant at 95% confidence. Noise estimation using madmad function produced the best quality denoised image. Further, the quality of the denoised image using madmad function was significantly better than the quality of the denoised image obtained with var or mad function (P = 1). The estimation of noise using madmad functions in wavelet transforms provides the best-denoised image for both zoom 1.0 and zoom 2.099m Tc-sestamibi parathyroid images.