Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of gluconeogenesis in liver. 3. Effects of L-lactate, pyruvate, fructose, glucagon, epinephrine, and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on gluconeogenic intermediates in the perfused rat liver.

Abstract The levels of intermediary metabolites in the perfused liver have been measured to determine the location of the rate-limiting step for gluconeogenesis from lactate and the site at which glucagon, epinephrine, and cyclic AMP exert control. The reaction limiting maximum gluconeogenesis from lactate is situated between pyruvate and phosphopyruvate. Glucagon or epinephrine, acting through cyclic AMP, appears to activate a reaction in this portion of the pathway. At less than saturating levels of lactate, the rate of gluconeogenesis is determined by the activities of the above reaction and also of lactate dehydrogenase. The latter step is not under hormonal control. Gluconeogenesis is not limited by the supply of NAD+ or NADH and is virtually independent of the oxidation-reduction potential of the extramitochondrial NAD+-NADH couple as reflected by the lactate-pyruvate ratio of the tissue. The liver has potent mechanisms to restore a displaced oxidation-reduction potential to normal. Glucagon does not stimulate gluconeogenesis or inhibit lactate formation from fructose or dihydroxyacetone. It is suggested that a sparing of pyruvate oxidation or inhibition of the pyruvate kinase reaction is not responsible for the gluconeogenic action of glucagon and that effects, if any, of glucagon on reactions at the level of triose phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose diphosphatase, or glucose 6-phosphatase are of no physiological importance.
Disparities in Access to Essential New Prescription Drugs between Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanic Whites

Prior studies do not address racial and ethnic disparities in essential new drug use and whether disparities decrease through time. Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (1996-2001), racial and ethnic disparities were examined separately by comparing non-Hispanic whites to non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanic whites, respectively. New drugs were defined as approved within the past 5 years, and an expert panel identified essential drugs. Negative binomial models adjusted for socioeconomic and health characteristics. The mean annual number of times essential new drugs were obtained among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanic whites were 1.02, 0.94, and 0.70, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, ethnic disparities generally were not significant, but racial disparities became significant. This study did not identify declining disparities during early years of drugs’ life cycles. Disparities exist in new, essential drug acquisition between non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. Socioeconomic and health characteristics explain many of the observed disparities.
Particle swarm optimization with smart inertia factor for combined heat and power economic dispatch

In this research, particle swarm optimization with smart inertia factor (PSO-SIF) algorithm is suggested to solve combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem. The CHPED problem is one of the most important problems in power systems and a challenging non-convex and non-linear optimization problem. The aim of solving the CHPED problem is to determine optimal heat and power of generating units with the minimized cost of total system and satisfied constraints of the problem. In the proposed algorithm, inertia coefficients are controlled regarding cost function in each population. Thus, each population has unique inertia coefficient and as a result unique velocity in convergent direction for the best group solution. In order to examine the proposed algorithm's capabilities and find optimum solution for CHPED problem, two test systems regarding valve-point effect, system power loss and system constraints are optimized. The obtained results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in solving non-convex CHPED problem over compared to the other new and efficient algorithms.
La construcción del Estado por la sociedad civil: La ley de participación popular de Bolivia y el desafío de la democracia local

El estudio que se presenta a continuación analiza las perspectivas de éxito de la LPP en esta ambiciosa tarea. El razonamiento es que la LPP debe ser vista como el inicio de un proceso de democratización tanto en el ámbito nacional como local, así como el fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil mediante la reforma de Estado. Al respecto las instituciones de la LPP presentan espacios para la incorporación democrática de los grupos indígenas a la política y sociedad bolivianas permitiéndoles desempeñar un papel positivo en la construcción social de identidades colectivas, culturales y derechos ciudadanos.
Hearing Acuity in Patients with Muscular Dystrophy

The hearing acuity of 51 male patients with muscular dystrophy was compared with that of a control group. The results supported the hypothesis that the increased time required to obtain auditory thresholds for patients with muscular dystrophy is a result of increased response latency. The following observations and conclusions were made. (1) The hearing acuity of patients with muscular dystrophy is within the normal range. (2) Greater time is required to elicit verbal responses to both pure‐tone stimuli and speech stimuli from patients with muscular dystrophy. (3) The additional testing time required for the muscular dystrophy group is not a function of reduced motor activity involved with the process of speaking per se. (4) No additional time is required to elicit electrodermal responses from the muscular dystrophy group. (5) Patients with muscular dystrophy show significantly greater differences between monaural and binaural thresholds than do the controls. (6) The muscular dystrophy group show correlations between some measures of acuity and latency which are not reflected in the control group.
The influence of CYP2C19*2 and *17 on on-treatment platelet reactivity and bleeding events in patients undergoing elective coronary stenting

Objectives To investigate the impact of genotypes on the basis of the loss-of-function variant CYP2C19*2 and the gain-of-function variant CYP2C19*17 on on-treatment platelet reactivity and on the occurrence of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleedings in 820 clopidogrel-treated patients who underwent elective coronary stenting. Methods On-treatment platelet reactivity was quantified using ADP-induced light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) and the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. Postdischarge TIMI major bleedings within 1 year after enrollment were recorded. Results In total, 25 major bleedings (3.0% of the study population) were observed. Patients with the CYP2C19*1/*17 and *17/*17 diplotypes exhibited a lower magnitude of platelet reactivity as compared with patients with the CYP2C19*1/*1 diplotype (for the light transmittance aggregometry-adjusted mean difference: −5.8%, 95% confidence interval: −9.6 to −2.1, P=0.002). Patients with the *1/*17 and *17/*17 genotype had a 2.7-fold increased risk in the occurrence of major bleedings [adjusted hazard ratio: 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–7.0, P=0.039]. The diplotypes *2/*17, *1/*2, and *2/*2 exhibited higher on-treatment platelet reactivity as compared with the wild type (P<0.0001). However, this was not translated into an altered risk on major bleedings as compared with the wild type [hazard ratio: 1.3 (0.45–4.0), P=0.60]. Results have not been adjusted for multiple testing. Conclusion Patients with the CYP2C19*1/*17 and *17/*17 diplotype have a lower magnitude of on-treatment platelet reactivity and are at a 2.7-fold increased risk of postdischarge TIMI major bleeding events after coronary stenting than patients with the *1/*1 genotype. The diplotypes *2/*17, *1/*2, and *2/*2 are associated with increased on-treatment platelet reactivity; however, this is not translated into a lower risk of bleeding events.
O PIB dos Municípios Brasileiros: Metodologia e Estimativas - 1970-1996

O objetivo foi dar aos usuarios da base de dados ? Ipeadata? uma percepcao critica das potencialidades e limitacoes desta fonte. As estimativas foram desagregadas por classes e ramos de atividades, distinguidos nas Contas Nacionais do Brasil, apesar da pesquisa ter sido restrita ao PIB total. Os autores Eustaquio J. Reis, Paulo Tafner, Marcia Pimentel, Rodrigo V. Serra, Luis Otavio Reiff, Kepler Magalhaes e Merida Medina apontam algumas possibilidades de extensoes e melhorias das estimativas de PIB municipal.
Predictive value of interim PET/CT visual interpretation in the prognosis of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) visual interpretation in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) using a meta-analysis and systematic review. Methods Using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, we performed a systematic review of the use of visual evaluation mid-chemotherapy to evaluate the prognosis of aggressive NHL in studies published up to May 2017. Prospective and retrospective studies assessing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were included. We used hazard ratio (HR) to determine the value of Deauville criteria and International Harmonization Project (IHP) criteria for measuring survival. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the number of chemotherapy cycles before the mid-term evaluation as well as the visual evaluation method. Results A total of 11 studies were included. PFS (HR =2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.93–3.90, p<0.0001) and OS (HR =2.55, 95% CI: 1.76–3.68, p<0.0001) of PET/CT-positive patients were significantly lower when determined by the visual method. In subgroup analysis, IHP, Deauville criteria, and having no standard interpretation groups were factors able to predict PFS; IHP and having no standard interpretation group were able to predict OS. With PET/CT, IHP, and Deauville 5-point criteria, the PFS of patients receiving 2–4 cycles of chemotherapy before PET/CT was significantly lower than that of PET/CT-negative patients. No significant difference in OS was observed when patients received 3 or fewer cycles of chemotherapy before PET/CT, though OS was significantly lower in patients receiving more than 3 chemotherapy cycles. Conclusion IHP and Deauville criteria are commonly used for PET/CT visual evaluation at present. Interim PET/CT analysis after 3–4 chemotherapy cycles is capable of predicting disease prognosis. Large-scale prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm whether PET/CT analysis can be used as an indication for changing a treatment strategy.
Molecular Characterization of Functional Domains in the Protein Kinase SOS2 That Is Required for Plant Salt Tolerance

The SOS3 (for SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE3) calcium binding protein and SOS2 protein kinase are required for sodium and potassium ion homeostasis and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. We have shown previously that SOS3 interacts with and activates the SOS2 protein kinase. We report here the identification of a SOS3 binding motif in SOS2 that also serves as the kinase autoinhibitory domain. Yeast two-hybrid assays as well as in vitro binding assays revealed a 21–amino acid motif in the regulatory domain of SOS2 that is necessary and sufficient for interaction with SOS3. Database searches revealed a large family of SOS2-like protein kinases containing such a SOS3 binding motif. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we show that these SOS2-like kinases interact with members of the SOS3 family of calcium binding proteins. Two-hybrid assays also revealed interaction between the N-terminal kinase domain and the C-terminal regulatory domain within SOS2, suggesting that the regulatory domain may inhibit kinase activity by blocking substrate access to the catalytic site. Removal of the regulatory domain of SOS2, including the SOS3 binding motif, resulted in constitutive activation of the protein kinase, indicating that the SOS3 binding motif can serve as a kinase autoinhibitory domain. Constitutively active SOS2 that is SOS3 independent also was produced by changing Thr168 to Asp in the activation loop of the SOS2 kinase domain. Combining the Thr168-to-Asp mutation with the autoinhibitory domain deletion created a superactive SOS2 kinase. These results provide insights into regulation of the kinase activities of SOS2 and the SOS2 family of protein kinases.
Potential Reuse of Electric-Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) in Concrete

This study investigated electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) reuse as a raw material in concrete mixes. A comprehensive experimental program consisting of two phases of testing was carried out. The first phase included the replacement of ordinary Portland (Type I) cement by unsieved dust with the percentages of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%. The second phase included the replacement of quartz (filler) by sieved dust with the percentages of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%. Leaching tests were carried out to find out if arsenic, chromium and lead were contained in concrete. The study concluded that the workability of fresh concrete increased with increasing the percentage of used dust. The use of 2.5% dust resulted in concrete with similar compressive strength and acceptable splitting strength when compared to that of the standard mix. The concrete mixes containing sieved and unsieved EAFD were able to contain arsenic and chromium. Additionally, the concrete mixes containing sieved EAFD were able to contain lead.
La crépidule en rade de Brest : un modèle biologique d'espèce introduite proliférante en répons aux fluctuations de l'environnement

Dans un contexte de gestion des systemes cotiers, l'approche developpee dans cette etude -associer un suivi des parametres environnementaux avec celui des peuplements pelagiques et benthiques- permet d'apprehender le fonctionnement global de l'ecosysteme. La veille ecologique menee depuis plus de 20 ans en rade de Brest a fait apparaitre un nouveau risque ecologique (et economique): la proliferation d'un filtreur benthique exotique, competiteur potentiel de la coquille Saint-Jacques, la crepidule Crepidula fornicata (L.). Ses mecanismes de proliferation etaient encore inconnus en rade, notamment concernant l'acceleration recente (15-20 ans) du processus. L'approche multidisciplinaire de ce travail permet d'etudier les mecanismes d'adaptation et de regulation naturelle de la crepidule en rade de Brest face aux fluctuations naturelles de l'environnement (hydroclimat) et aux perturbations anthropiques (eutrophisation.) et d'identifier ses impacts sur le fonctionnement de l'ecosysteme. Les causes de la proliferation actuelle de la crepidule en rade et ses impacts sur la structuration et le fonctionnement de l'ecosysteme ont ete precises : les filtreurs exercent un retro-controle de la production primaire (filtration, biodepositions). L'analyse des conditions favorables a la proliferation de la crepidule a montre la place importante prise par cette espece dans l'ecosysteme et a permis de mieux apprehender les processus d'evolution de son aire de repartition et de son stock. La description realisee des peuplements benthiques soumis a cette invasion constitue un etat de reference de la megafaune de la rade en 2000. Les impacts de la crepidule sur l'ecosysteme (colonne d'eau, sediment, biocenoses) ont ete precises. Des evolutions futures sont envisagees et des recommandations sont faites pour en limiter l'extension et perenniser la pecherie de coquilles Saint-Jacques en rade de Brest. Des perspectives sont proposees dans le cadre de la gestion integree de cet ecosysteme.
A microstrip dual-band polarization reconfigurable antenna

A new microstrip dual-band polarization reconfigurable antenna is presented for WLANs operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch that is aperture coupled to a microstrip line located along the diagonal line of the patch. The dual-band operation is realized by employing the TM10 and TM30 modes of the patch antenna. Four shorting posts are inserted into the patch to adjust the frequency ratio of the two modes. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to ground via a PIN diode for polarization switching. By switching between the different states of PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can have horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarizations for the two frequency bands.
Phosphorylation of FADD/ MORT1 at Serine 194 and Association with a 70-kDa Cell Cycle-Regulated Protein Kinase1

The adapter molecule Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)/mediator of receptor-induced toxicity-1 (MORT1) is essential for signal transduction of the apoptosis-inducing receptor CD95 (APO-1/Fas) as it connects the activated receptor with the effector caspase-8. FADD also plays a role in embryonic development and the cell cycle reentry of T cells. FADD is phosphorylated at serine residues. We now show that phosphorylation exclusively occurs at serine 194. The phosphorylation of FADD was found to correlate with the cell cycle. In cells arrested at the G2/M boundary with nocodazole, FADD was quantitatively phosphorylated, whereas only nonphosphorylated FADD was found in cells arrested in G1/S with hydroxyurea. In this context, we have identified a 70-kDa cell cycle-regulated kinase that specifically binds to the C-terminal half of FADD. Because CD95-mediated apoptosis is independent of the cell cycle, phosphorylation of FADD may regulate its apoptosis-independent functions.
Trust-GSM: A Trust Aware Security Model for Multi-domain Grid

Grid security is a major requirement in grid computing. Trust management is considered as an effective approach to enhance grid security. This paper introduces the trust into the multi-domain grid and qualifies grid trust as the relationship between grid resource providers and grid consumers. In order to provide more flexible and scalable protection for grid resources and services in multi-domain grid, this paper puts forward a novel trust model in multi-domain grid environment. As an application of our trust model, this trust model is originally introduced into grid security framework as an important component of security framework. By analyzing the case study, it is easy to see that our trust aware security model can meet the security requirement of multi-domain grid environment and has the characters of better security, scalability and flexibility.
Performance of fast Node B scheduling and L1 HARQ schemes in WCDMA uplink packet access

The performance of WCDMA uplink systems deploying Node B based scheduling and fast hybrid ARQ (HARQ) retransmission protocols is studied. With fast Node B scheduling and fast L1 HARQ schemes, both the uplink packet scheduling functionality and the entity controlling the retransmission mechanism are moved from the radio network controller (RNC) to the Node B. A Node B scheduling algorithm is proposed to increase the utilisation of the allocated uplink resources; this is achieved by making use of already existing information about the transmitted data rate of the UEs. Moreover, fast L1 HARQ schemes make retransmissions less costly from a delay perspective compared to an equivalent RNC controlled ARQ mechanism. Therefore, the physical channel can be operated with somewhat higher error probability, which converts directly into enhanced system capacity. The potential capacity gain from fast L1 Node B controlled HARQ strategies and fast Node B scheduling operation is estimated by means of an analytical study, as well as system level simulations. The combined gain obtained by jointly deploying fast Node B scheduling and fast L1 HARQ retransmission schemes is estimated in the range from 25% to 60%, depending on the mobility scenario. Fast Node B scheduling and L1-based HARQ protocols are included in 3GPP's "Feasibility Study for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD" (TR 25.896 V1.1.2, 2003).
Kermit 2/XGIPC, an IGF1 receptor interacting protein, is required for IGF signaling in Xenopus eye development

GIPC is a PDZ-domain-containing protein identified in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms through its interaction with a variety of binding partners including many membrane proteins. Despite the multiple reports identifying GIPC, its endogenous function and the physiological significance of these interactions are much less studied. We have previously identified the Xenopus GIPC homolog kermit as a frizzled 3 interacting protein that is required for frizzled 3 induction of neural crest in ectodermal explants. We identified a second Xenopus GIPC homolog, named kermit 2 (also recently described as an IGF receptor interacting protein and named XGIPC). Despite its high amino acid similarity with kermit, kermit 2/XGIPC has a distinct function in Xenopus embryos. Loss-of-function analysis indicates that kermit 2/XGIPC is specifically required for Xenopus eye development. Kermit 2/XGIPC functions downstream of IGF in eye formation and is required for maintaining IGF-induced AKT activation. A constitutively active PI3 kinase partially rescues the Kermit 2/XGIPC loss-of-function phenotype. Our results provide the first in vivo loss of function analysis of GIPC in embryonic development and also indicate that kermit 2/XGIPC is a novel component of the IGF pathway, potentially functioning through modulation of the IGF1 receptor.
Facilitating Scenario-Based Program Comprehension with Topic Models

Researchers and practitioners have been seeking automatic and semi-automatic approaches to support program comprehension. However, not too much attention has been given to the discussion about program comprehension scenarios and further exploration based on scenarios. In this paper, we explored program comprehension from the perspective of developers, analyzed the demands of developers, refined two program comprehension scenarios (Program Users Scenario and Program Owners Scenario), and mainly researched on the latter. In the Program Users Scenario, where developers need help to quickly understand a program and be able to use it fast, we found that topic modeling provides a promising way to facilitate program comprehension. Using topic modeling, features and structures can be discovered automatically from textual software assets. We also developed JSEA, a tool that provides semi-automatic program comprehension assistance. JSEA utilizes essential information automatically generated from Java projects to construct a project overview and give developers search capability. Experiments with 12 volunteers on two open source Java projects suggest that JSEA can support Java developers in comprehending programs in the Program Users Scenario.