Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inexpensive Millimeter-Wave Communication Channel Using Glow Discharge Detector and Satellite Dish Antenna

A full proof of concept for low-cost millimeter wave (MMW) communication link is demonstrated in this study. The suggested MMW channel is based on a very inexpensive commercially available off-axis dish antenna usually used for TV satellites, two Arduino Uno micro controller boards, and glow discharge detectors (GDD). The GDD is a robust and inexpensive room-temperature plasma device which was found to be a sensitive MMW radiation detector. The Arduino micro controllers are used to encode a text message into serial bits and also decode it. Those serial bits were used to modulate the MMW radiation in On-Off keying. The detection of MMW radiation was performed using a simple and inexpensive GDD. The suggested MMW channel can be used as point to point backhaul wireless communication for the 5th generation of cellular communication.
Introducing underrepresented high school students to software engineering: Using the micro:bit microcontroller to program connected autonomous cars

Outreach that considers underrepresented groups has become one particular push to increase participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math‐related disciplines, with Computer Science and Software Engineering representing one particular domain. We describe our outreach programming employing the micro:bit microcontroller environment for hands‐on software development and how students change their high‐level domain knowledge and attitudes. We find that overall, students were gaining general knowledge and slight increases in their positive attitudes towards a computer science‐related post‐secondary education. We also find differences between incoming knowledge level groups and self‐perception as well as performance differences. We also note a slight majority of students indicated that they liked our approach and that the utilization of the micro:bit microcontroller overall was worthwhile. Future iterations of our programming will utilize these findings and add additional data gathering efforts supplanting the current pre‐ and posttest instruments.
Etude Ultrastructurale Des Relations Entre Ovocytes Et Rachis Au Cours De L'Ovogenese Du Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans

Chez le nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, le developpement des ovocytes s'effectue jusqu'a la diacinese en presence d'un element anatomique particulier: le rachis. Celui-ci correspond a une masse cytoplasmique anucleee et indivise qui occupe la partie centrale de l'ovaire. La microscopie electronique revele qu'il est initialement — c'est-a-dire au niveau du germigene — constitue de deux branches qui s'infiltrent entre les ovogonies avant de se joindre en une colonne axiale unique. Cette derniere sera ensuite repoussee du cote exterieur de la gonade avant de disparaitre au niveau du grand accroissement ovocytaire. Jusqu'a cette disparition, le rachis, limite par une enveloppe qui lui est propre, communique avec chacun des ovocytes, grâce a une ouverture dans la double cloison membranaire. Le pont cytoplasmique qui s'etablit ainsi entre les ovocytes et le rachis, la presence dans ce dernier d'un appareil de Golgi typique et de nombreuses mitochondries — indice d'une forte activite metabolique — constituent des arguments probants en faveur de l'intervention du rachis dans la differenciation ovocytaire.
Quantitative Analysis of Organophosphate Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediment Samples of River Benue, Jimeta Adamawa State

Environmental pollution by synthetic pesticides in water bodies have been a great concern globally and in developing countries such as Nigeria in particular as most of these pesticide compounds are persistent and bio-accumulative with high toxicity effects on ecosystems and humans. This work was aimed at quantifying synthetic pesticide residues of Organophosphate origin in the River Benue, Jimeta Adamawa State, Nigeria with specific objectives of investigating the presence of organophosphate synthetic pesticide residues; determine the respective concentrations of the residues. Water and sediment samples were collected from the River. A total of six samples each of water and sediment samples were collected from six points at an interval of 1 kilometer apart from the Downstream of the River Benue. One kg sample of sediment was also collected from the six points. The samples were taken to the laboratory and extracted using acetone, n-hexane and Dichloromethane. The extracts were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GCMS, 7890, MSD, 5977A, Agilent Tech). The results revealed a total of 6 pesticides residues from the two media belonging to the class of pesticide Organophosphate on the basis of chemical composition. Organophosphate residues range from 0.01±0.01 to 0.97±0.10 (µ/l) in water and 0.01±0.0 to 1.23±0.11 (µ/kg) in sediment respectively. The results revealed higher concentration in sediment than water. The Organophosphate residues exceeded the normal value, hence, far beyond negligible limit as they may post adverse effects. This therefore necessitates a continuous monitoring of these residues.
Predation risk cues associated with killed conspecifics affect the behavior and reproduction of prey animals

Organisms often perceive risk to be attacked by natural enemies through cues that accompany or persist after attacks on conspecifics. Under the risk of attack, preys may prioritize anti-enemy behaviours, sacrificing their feeding activities. These enemy-induced changes can affect the prey population growth. The presence of killed congeners is a past attack events cue but, in terrestrial prey-enemy systems, its effect on prey population biology is an open question. This was addressed here by studying both the space use and reproductive effort of aphids exposed to congeners killed by parasitoids. To test whether preys adjust their responses with the threat intensity, aphids' responses in presence of killed conspecifics were compared to those measured when directly exposed to non-consumptive parasitoids. The results showed that killed congeners are perceived by aphids and led to both changes in their space use and a strong decline in their population size. This experiment is the first to demonstrate that the presence of congeners killed by an enemy can contribute to the suppressive effects of natural enemies on prey populations.
The use of inhaled drugs in the population of Polish pediatric patients suffering from bronchial asthma

Introduction: Inhalation drugs are the basis for both acute and chronic treatment of children with bronchial asthma. The choice of the method of aerosol therapy belongs to the physician who is responsible for the treatment and what should be considered is patient’s age together with understanding and willingness to follow orders, physical and mental capabilities, cooperation and the possibilities, skills and willingness of its guardians. To obtain a control of the disease it is necessary to provide training of the patient and his caregiver before starting the treatment and later during chronic treatment – regular control of the method of medication inhalation. It is equally important to transfer this knowledge to caregivers who will control the baby’s aerosol therapy at home. Their understanding and acceptance of a given inhalation system depends on therapeutic success. Aim of the research: This study aimed to obtain information on what methods of aerosol therapy are used in Polish pediatric patients with asthma, whether children and caregivers are using aerosol therapy techniques properly and what proportion of patients (and their guardians) has been trained by medical staff in this regard. Material and methods: Research was conducted in the form of a survey. Two versions of the questionnaire had been created (for parents of children aged 0–5 years and for children of 6 years and above). For the purpose of the study, parents and children completed the survey during the hospitalization in the Clinic of Allergology and Pneumonology of the Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Rabka-Zdroj from February 2016 to November 2018. One of the survey questions concerned the fact that parent or a child completed a Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and other questions concerned the knowledge of the PEFR peak expiratory flow meter (“peak flow meter”, “pefrometer”). Results: Parents of 82 patients aged 0–5 (51 boys, 31 girls) and parents of 128 patients ≥ 6 years old (63 boys, 65 girls) took part in the survey. The data were obtained from the analysis of 210 questionnaires. The average age of diagnosis of bronchial asthma was 4 years and 7 months (younger group) and 5 years and 1 month (older group). Some of the questions were open (regarding the medicines and commercial names of inhalers and inhalation chambers), most in a closed form (single or multiple choice from several options). Over 93% of patients declared short-acting b-mimetic drugs (SABA). In the group of children aged 0–5 years, it was administered to patients on an ad hoc basis in nebulization (52.4%), and via pressure inhalers pMDI (62.2%) (several answers could be selected). In the group of children ≥ 6 years 34% of patients use SABA drugs in nebulization, 46.9% by pMDI and 18.8% by powder inhalers. In the group 0–5 years inhaled drugs in a chronic nebulization are taken by 52.4% of patients, whereas in the group of ≥ 6 years 25% take it in nebulization, 43% from the pMDI pressure inhaler, and 32% from the DPI dry powder inhaler. In the group of ≥ 6 years of age
Molecular, cellular and physiological effects of oil-derived hydrocarbons on molluscs and their use in impact assessment

The impact of pollutants on an organism is realized as perturbations at different levels of functional complexity. This presentation considers responses to oil-derived hydrocarbons at the molecular, subcellular, cellular and whole animal levels of organization, with particular emphasis on the use of marine molluscs as sentinel organisms for assessing pollutant effects. A number of biological effects measurements are described which have been used in the development of early-warning systems based upon reactions to hydrocarboninduced damage. These include those of the microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system involved in metabolism of organic xenobiotics, functional and structural responses of lysosomes to hydrocarbons, quantitative structural alterations in the cells of the digestive and reproductive systems and effects on physiological scope for growth and parallel correlations of this latter parameter with ecological parameters such as species diversity. Aspects of recovery processes are also considered. Examples of both laboratory and field studies are cited to illustrate both the application of these approaches and the functional integration of the responses at the various levels of biological organization. This ability to link the various parameters in a functional manner is believed to strengthen the rationale for their use in impact assessment.
Evaluation of a model system for the selective study of the lipid peroxidation process

The effect of molecular environment on the peroxidation of linoleic acid (LA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), initiated by ferrous ions was investigated in acidic and neutral pH conditions. Mixed nonionic surfactants TWEEN®-20/LA micelles were established as a model system to obtain a surfactant-in-lipid aqueous system at high acidity level. The peroxidation of LA was induced by ferrous ions and the kinetics of the produced conjugated dienes was followed by UV measurements and the ferric thiocynate method. Ferrous ions were oxidized only by the preformed LA hydroperoxides, which under established conditions produced lipid alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals as the sole initiators of propagation. Results revealed the LA peroxidation process remained mainly unaffected within the 2.5 < pH < 5.5 range, while highly pH sensitive around pH 7. The propagation process prevailed at optimal concentrations of 500 M of LA and 280 M TWEEN®-20, and at the ferrous ion concentration up to 75 M, irrespective of the buffer used.
The Role of Money in the Monetary Policy: A New Keynesian and New Monetarist Perspective

In the recent scenario, one of the most pertinent changes in monetary economics has been the virtual disappearance of what was once a dominant focus, the role of money in monetary policy, and in parallel, the disappearance of the LM curve. Economists used to think about issues of monetary policy with the help of the LM curve as being part of the analytical framework which captures the demand for money. However, the workhorse model of modern monetary theory and policy, the New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium framework only comprises of, a dynamic aggregate demand (or the dynamic IS) curve, an aggregate supply (or the New Keynesian Phillips) curve, and a monetary policy rule. The monetary policy rule is generally the Taylor rule that relates the nominal interest rate to the output gap and inflation gap, but typically not to either the quantity or the growth rate of money. This change in the modern monetary model reflects how the central banks make monetary policy now. The present study provides a detailed discussion on the role of money in monetary policy formulation, in the context of New Keynesian and New Monetarist perspective. The pros and cons of abandonment of money or the LM curve from monetary policy models have been discussed in detail.
Incidence of early postoperative ischemic stroke in lumbar discectomy: A retrospective study

Aim: Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It may cause undesirable neurological sequels. This study aims to determine the incidence of IS in the early postoperative period in patients operated for lumbar disc herniation. Material and Methods: The electronic medical records of patients who underwent elective lumbar disc herniation surgery between January 2017 and August 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with preoperative infection and neoplastic disease were excluded from the study. Patient demographics, pre and postoperative pain and disability levels, operated disc levels, duration of surgery and hospital stay, and complications were recorded. Results: Of the 179 patients who underwent lumbar microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation, a total patient of one (0.55%) patient developed IS in the right cerebellar region in the early postoperative period. The risk factors detected in the patient included hypertension, carotid artery stenosis and therefore irregular use of acetylsalicylic acid. Postoperative infection was detected in two patients (1.12%), peroperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in two patients (1.12%), and recurrent lumbar disc herniation in three patients (1.67%) in the late period. No mortality was observed. Conclusion: In recent years, there has been an increase in minimally invasive spine surgeries, especially in elderly patients at risk of ischemic stroke. It is important to identify and optimize these patients before surgery. While the incidence of ischemic stroke following lumbar microdiscectomy is low, it is necessary to be careful as a high risk of morbidity and mortality is in question.
Mycorrhizal traits and plant communities: perspectives for integration

Plant functional type- and trait-based approaches to understanding vegetation dynamics are gradually gaining popularity. However, plant mycorrhizal traits are rarely considered in plant trait databases and are almost totally neglected in trait-based plant community studies, despite more than 90% of the land flora being mycorrhizal. In this paper I describe and define the mycorrhizal traits of plant species, notably mycorrhizal type, mycorrhizal status, mycorrhizal flexibility and mycorrhizal dependency, which potentially influence plant distribution and community structure. I propose ways of using these traits for large-scale synthetic studies for understanding the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in vegetation dynamics. I suggest considering plant community mycorrhization – community means of mycorrhizal traits weighted by plant species abundances – and suggest an index of mycorrhization to describe the mycorrhizal trait composition of plant communities.
Seasonal variations in the distribution and abundance of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans in eastern Zambia

Abstract The seasonal changes in the distribution of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) and its main host, cattle, were examined in a cultivated area of the plateau of eastern Zambia. During four consecutive years, the tsetse and cattle populations were monitored along a fly‐round transect traversing the two main vegetation types in the study area. These were miombo, a one‐storied open woodland with the genera Brachystegia and Julbernardia dominant, and munga, a one‐ or two‐storied woodland where the principal tree genera were Acacia, Combretum and Terminalia. Concurrently, a capture/mark/release/recapture (CMRR) exercise was conducted along two other transects also traversing both vegetation types. The index of apparent abundance of tsetse (IAA) in miombo increased at the beginning of the rainy season (November), reached its peak at the end of the rainy season (April) and was low during the cold season (May to late August), but especially the hot dry season (September to late October). The IAA of tsetse in munga showed a pattern that was the reverse of that in miombo. The seasonal changes in the IAA of tsetse in both vegetation types were in accordance with changes in the movement patterns of tsetse between the two vegetation type as observed using CMRR. The distribution and abundance of cattle along the transect also showed a seasonal trend. This was especially so in munga, during the first three years of observations, where cattle abundance increased gradually from June onwards, reached a maximum at the end of the hot dry season (October–November) and declined steeply at the start of the rainy season (November–December). In both vegetation types, the monthly mean IAA of tsetse was positively correlated with the abundance of cattle in the previous month. It is concluded that the distribution of tsetse in cultivated area of the eastern plateau of Zambia undergoes substantial seasonal changes, which can partly be attributed to changes in the distribution of cattle. The implications of these observations for the control of tsetse are discussed.
Assimilate Flux Determines Kernel Set at Low Water Potential in Maize

Plant water deficits during flowering cause maize (Zea mays L.) kernels to abort. Lack of current and reserve photosynthate account for much of the kernel loss, but partitioning to ovaries at low ovary water potential (ψ w ) may also be limited by lack of assimilate demand. To test thin possibility, we measured the water status, carbohydrate content, and growth of ovaries on plants grown in the field in pots containing 22 kg of soil under one of three light environments [Control, 75-cm rows, 43 055 plants ha -1 ; Shade, same as Control except under shade cloth (55% light interception) from the sixth leaf stage until physiological maturity; or Isolated, 122-cm rows, 6727 plants ha -1 ] and exposed to a water deficit during pollination. Water was withheld at silk emergence and plants were hand-pollinated 4 d later when silk ψ w was -1.1 MPa, leaf ψ w was -1.8 MPa, and photosynthesis was completely inhibited. The water deficit decreased kernel set, which was correlated with the inhibition of ovary dry matter accumulation. The concentration of sucrose and glucose increased in ovaries of water-deficient plants, and ovary turgor remained at or above control levels. Thus, inhibition of ovary growth at low ψ w was not related to a loss of turgor, nor was it caused by a depletion of ovary sugars. Sugar accumulation at low ψ w suggested that metabolism may have been impaired. Coupled with a low level of reserves, failure to utilize available sugars at low ψ w would severely inhibit assimilate flux to the ear and render kernel set highly vulnerable to water deficits during pollination.
A shallow compaction model for Holocene Mississippi Delta sediments

Abstract. The extensive loss of land elevation and the consequent exposure to flood hazards are seriously threatening the long-term survival of the Mississippi Delta. Shallow compaction of the top soil is one of the major components contributing to the relative sea level rise. In the last decades, more subsidence measurements have become available and recent studies demonstrate that compaction of Holocene strata is dominant. Here we propose a novel application aimed at modeling the present-day shallow compaction due to consolidation processes in the top soil. Soil compaction is properly computed and accounts for the large soil grain motion and the delayed dissipation of pore-water overpressure. The grain motion is described by means of a Lagrangian approach with an adaptive mesh where the grid nodes follows the accretion/compaction processes. Model calibration is obtained from stratigraphic and geochrology information collected at the Myrtle Grove Subsidence Superstation, where a nearly 40 m-deep sediment core that penetrates the entire Holocene succession allows testing model results over long (millennial) timescales. Model validation with available observations from rod surface-elevation table – marker horizon (RSET-MH) data enables the model to predict future scenarios.
Literature Survey of Protein Secondary Structure Prediction

Dengan wujudnya projek jujukan DNA secara besar-besaran, teknik yang tepat untuk meramalkan struktur protein diperlukan. Masalah meramalkan struktur protein daripada jujukan DNA pada dasarnya masih belum dapat diselesaikan walaupun kajian intensif telah dilakukan selama lebih daripada tiga dekad. Dalam kertas kerja ini, teori asas struktur protein akan dibincangkan sebagai panduan umum bagi kajian peramalan struktur protein sekunder. Analisis jujukan terkini serta prinsi p yang digunakan dalam teknik-teknik tersebut akan diterangkan. Kata kunci: peramalan stuktur sekunder protein; rangkaian neural. In the wake of large-scale DNA sequencing projects, accurate tools are needed to predict protein structures. The problem of predicting protein structure from DNA sequence remains fundamentally unsolved even after more than three decades of intensive research. In this paper, fundamental theory of the protein structure of the protein structure will be presented as a general guide to protein secondary structure prediction research. An overview of the state-of-theart in sequence analysis and some princi ples of the methods invloved wil be described. Key words: protein secondary structure prediction;neural networks.
Autoradiographic Investigations on Cell Proliferation in the Digestive Mucosa of Fishes

The labelling index (TLI) of the digestive mucosa of some fish species was determined following a pulse labelling with tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) and light microscopic autoradiography. In the oesophageal epithelium, proliferation was observed to occur in non mucus-secreting cells. In the intestine, both undifferentiated and absorptive cells incorporated [3H)TdR within 1 h after injection. Statistically significant differences in [3H]TdR incorporation were observed between the upper intestine region and both the middle and lower parts on the one hand, and between the middle and lower parts on the other hand. Mucus-secreting cells seemed unable to proliferate. In the stomach, significantly fewer labelled nuclei were counted; they were located in the isthmus epithelium. No significant difference was observed between the TLI of these regions in the different species.