Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photodynamische Therapie von Hautkrankheiten: ein Update zu Indikationen, Durchführung, Wirksamkeit und möglichen Nebenwirkungen

Zusammenfassung Die photodynamische Therapie (PDT) stellt ein etabliertes und zunehmend häufiger durchgeführtes Verfahren im dermatologischen Praxisalltag dar. Hauptindikation zur Durchführung einer PDT ist die Behandlung aktinischer Keratosen, superfizieller sowie nodulärer Basalzellkarzinome und des Morbus Bowen. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch eine PDT hautverjüngende Prozesse in Gang gesetzt werden, was dazu führte, dass die PDT auch im ästhetischen Bereich eingesetzt wird. Vereinzelt findet die PDT aber auch Anwendung in der Behandlung entzündlicher Dermatosen. Nebenwirkungen wie Schmerzen, Rötung und Krustenbildung werden nach ausführlicher Aufklärung in der Regel gut toleriert und führen nur selten zu Therapieabbrüchen oder -verweigerungen. Mit der jüngst zugelassenen Tageslicht-PDT in der Behandlung aktinischer Keratosen steht nun auch ein nahezu schmerzfreies Verfahren zur Verfügung.
α-Solanine inhibits growth and metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer cells

Solanum nigrum L. (Longkui) is one the most widely used anticancer herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. α-Solanine is an important ingredient of S. nigrum L. and has demonstrated anticancer properties in various types of cancer. However, the effects of α-solanine on colorectal cancer remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of α-solanine on human colorectal cancer cells. The results demonstrated that α-solanine inhibited the proliferation of RKO cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, α-solanine arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and suppressed the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in RKO cells. α-Solanine induced apoptosis of RKO cells, as indicated by morphological changes and positive Annexin-FITC/propidium iodide staining. Additionally, α-solanine activated caspase-3, −8 and −9 in RKO cells, which contributed to α-solanine-induced apoptosis. α-Solanine also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, which contributed to caspase activation and induction of apoptosis. α-Solanine inhibited the migration, invasion and adhesion of RKO cells, as well as the expression levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. In addition, α-solanine inhibited cell proliferation, activated caspase-3, −8 and −9, induced apoptosis, and inhibited the migration and invasion of HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, α-solanine inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo. These findings demonstrated that α-solanine effectively suppressed the growth and metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer.
Clinical results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft: a prospective study -

Aim: In this study, we aimed to present prospective follow-up results of patients who were reconstructed with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft for ACL rupture. Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients were operated for ACL rupture with bone-patellar tendon-bone(B-PT-B) autograft ACL reconstruction. Patients were followed for at least 2 years. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with Lysholm knee function score, IKDC objective score and Tegner activity level scale. Results: All of operated patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 25.4 (range 19-35 years). The mean follow-up time was 27.9 (range 24-30 months). There was a statistically significant increase in postoperative knee scores. Hematoma, requiring surgical drainage, developed in two patients. Six patients had anterior knee pain while kneeling. Conclusion: Patients with ACL rupture showed increase in knee stability and functional scores after reconstruction. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with B-PT-B autograft incorporates and heals faster with low rerupture and complication rate.
Impact of therapies on bowel damage in Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that usually progresses to bowel damage, defined as strictures, fistulas and abscesses. These complications require intestinal resection and lead to further irreversible structural damage. Cross-sectional imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and ultrasound, are accurate in assessing intestinal damage at a definite time point and the progression of damage over time. Recently, an imaging-based index, the Lémann Index, has been proposed and developed in order to quantify bowel damage in CD patients; emerging data confirm that this Index can measure the structural damage with good sensitivity to change. One challenge remains to understand whether existing or future treatments might be able to stop bowel-damage progression or even reverse intestinal damage, improving the prognosis and changing the natural history of CD. We reviewed the current data available in the literature focused on the measure of structural damage in CD patients, mainly focusing on the impact on therapies in reversing bowel damage. We also explored some further perspectives on measuring and targeting intestinal damage in clinical research and in clinical practice as an ultimate therapeutic target.
Integrative Roles of Gangliosides in the Nervous System: Novel Molecular Mechanisms Elucidated by Genetic Engineering

Acidic glycosphingolipids, gangliosides are highly and consistently expressed in nervous tissues of vertebrates at high levels. Therefore, they have been believed to be largely involved in the development and function of nervous systems. Recent studies with genetic engineering of glycosyltransferase genes have revealed novel aspects of roles of gangliosides in the regulation of nervous tissues with substantial basis. In this review, novel findings on the ganglioside functions and their modes of action elucidated mainly by studies of gene knockout mice have been summarized. In particular, roles of gangliosides in the regulation of lipid rafts to maintain the integrity of nervous systems have been reported with a focus on the roles in the regulation of neuro-inflammation and neurodegeneration via complement Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 3 February 2020 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1906; doi:10.3390/ijms21061906
Long‐term Impacts of Permafrost Thaw on Carbon Storage in Peatlands: Deep Losses Offset by Surficial Accumulation

Peatlands in northern permafrost regions store a significant proportion of global soil carbon. Recent warming is accelerating peatland permafrost thaw and thermokarst collapse, exposing previously frozen peat to microbial decomposition and potential mineralization into greenhouse gases. Here, we show from a site in the sporadic‐discontinuous permafrost zone of western Canada that thermokarst collapse leads to neither large losses nor gains following thaw, as deep carbon losses are offset by surficial accumulation. We collected peat cores along two thaw chronosequences, from peat plateau, through young (~30 years since thaw), intermediate (~70 years), and mature (~200 years) thermokarst bog locations. Macrofossil and 14C analysis showed synchronicity of peatland development until recent thaw, with wetland initiation ~8,500 cal yr BP followed by succession through peatland stages prior to permafrost aggradation ~1,800 cal yr BP. Analysis and modeling of soil carbon stocks indicated 8.7 ± 12.4 kg C m−2 of carbon accumulated prior to thaw was lost in ~200 years post‐thaw. Despite these losses, there was no observed increase in peat humification as assessed by Fourier transform infrared and C:N ratios. Rapid peat accumulation post‐thaw (9.8 ± 1.6 kg C m−2 over 200 years) offset deeper losses. Our approach constrains the net carbon balance to be between uptake of 27.3 g C m−2 yr−1 and loss of 106.6 g C m−2 yr−1 over 200 years post‐thaw. While our approach cannot determine whether thermokarst bogs in the sporadic‐discontinuous permafrost zone act as long‐term carbon sinks or sources post‐thaw, our study better constrains post‐thaw C losses and gains.
Áreas protegidas e sociobiodiversidade no Semiárido brasileiro

A ideia de areas protegidas para a conservacao, apesar dos avancos nas ultimas decadas para incluir a sociodiversidade, ainda possui forte influencia do chamado “mito da natureza intocada”, reflexo da pretensa dicotomia natureza/cultura a qual tambem se associa a imagem dos indigenas. Esta nocao reflete-se nas acoes do Estado, que enfatiza politicas de protecao naquelas areas mais proximas de seu pretenso estagio “pristino”. Nao por acaso, a maioria das areas protegidas situa-se na Amazonia, icone desta “natureza intocada” e dos indios “puros”. Um exemplo e a efetivacao dos direitos territoriais indigenas: 93% das Terras Indigenas situam-se na Amazonia Legal, apesar de 61% dos indigenas viverem em outras regioes. O Nordeste e exemplar neste sentido: a regiao convive com a escassez de iniciativas de apoio a conservacao ou aos direitos indigenas. Nao e de estranhar que a ela esteja associado o imaginario da seca, pobreza e do “indio misturado”. Neste trabalho propomos refletir sobre as praticas dos povos indigenas de convivencia com o ambiente vis-a-vis a logica de intervencoes do Estado para conservacao da biodiversidade. Partimos da experiencia em processos de Gestao Territorial e Ambiental com os Xoko, Pankararu e Kapinawa.
Supporters or Opponents: Will Cultural Values Shape Consumer Acceptance of Gene Editing?

ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas9 (gene editing) increases the speed and precision of genetic improvements in plant breeding; however, relatively little is known about how consumers will respond to this innovation. Drawing upon Cultural Cognition Theory, the paper examines the influence of cultural worldviews on consumer acceptance of gene editing. Data from an online survey of Canadians show that a hierarchical (versus egalitarian) worldview, positive attitudes toward science and technology, and lower levels of prior risk perceptions influence public acceptance. Attitudes toward the use of gene editing in plant breeding appear less firmly entrenched than for genetic modification, with implications for the scientific community and policymakers.
People with learning disabilities and access to mainstream arts and culture: A participatory action research approach

Background Arts and culture have proven benefits. However, access to arts and culture is not consistent. For people with learning disabilities, arts and culture is often considered a therapeutic activity and therefore the needs of people with learning disabilities in accessing mainstream arts and culture are often overlooked. This research explores how people with learning disabilities experience culture, the barriers they experience in accessing it and how cultural sector organisations can improve access to their activities and events. Methods A participatory action research approach was adopted for the study. Interviews and focus groups were conducted. The findings were analysed and resulting themes discussed with the peer research team. The group codelivered a workshop aimed at representatives from the cultural sector to share their findings. Results The results from the focus groups and interviews indicted that for people with learning disabilities, community is central to their experience of arts and culture. The study found that transport, cost and needing support to attend cultural activities were barriers to access, whereas consideration of physical access and ‘emotional access’ needs improved access for people with learning disabilities. Recommendations include improved consultation with people with learning disabilities about cultural opportunities and the formation part of cocreated training delivered with people with learning disabilities to support cultural sector staff to offer a warm and safe environment. Conclusions The findings from the study provided useful learning for cultural sector organisations. However, both the findings of the research and the process of participatory action research were noted as being significant for how the cultural sector can build an ethos of inclusivity to ensure their offer is relevant and accessible to people with learning disabilities.
Partial Multi-Label Learning With Noisy Label Identification

Partial multi-label learning (PML) deals with problems where each instance is assigned with a candidate label set, which contains multiple relevant labels and some noisy labels. Recent studies usually solve PML problems with the disambiguation strategy, which recovers ground-truth labels from the candidate label set by simply assuming that the noisy labels are generated randomly. In real applications, however, noisy labels are usually caused by some ambiguous contents of the example. Based on this observation, we propose a partial multi-label learning approach to simultaneously recover the ground-truth information and identify the noisy labels. The two objectives are formalized in a unified framework with trace norm and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _1$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="xie-ieq1-3059290.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> norm regularizers. Under the supervision of the observed noise-corrupted label matrix, the multi-label classifier and noisy label identifier are jointly optimized by incorporating the label correlation exploitation and feature-induced noise model. Furthermore, by mapping each bag to a feature vector, we extend PML-NI method into multi-instance multi-label learning by identifying noisy labels based on ambiguous instances. A theoretical analysis of generalization bound and extensive experiments on multiple data sets from various real-world tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Noise characterization of megapixel quanta image sensor for scientific applications

The quanta image sensor (QIS) is a novel CMOS-based image sensor capable of photon counting without the necessity of avalanche gain. The QIS reported in this work is implemented in a state-of-the-art backside-illuminated (BSI) CMOS image sensor commercial stacking (3D) process. The detector wafer consists of a megapixel array of specialized active pixels known as “jots” and the ASIC readout wafer utilizes cluster-based readout circuitry. This specialized pixel architecture and cluster readout circuits allow for the QIS to achieve accurate photon-counting capabilities with average read noise of 0.23e- rms, average conversion gain of 345μV/e-, and average dark current less than 0.1e-/sec/jot at room temperature without active cooling.
Efficiency Increase of Enterprise Activity on the Basis of Marketing Tools

The methods of economic efficiency increase of refueling enterprise activity is studied. It is shown that in modern conditions the activity in terms of mono-product business limits growth of profitability of the enterprise and increases market risks. In terms of market pressure of big oil producing enterprises and also competition increase in the sphere of retail sale, there is tightening of activity conditions in oil products enterprises. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of the economic analysis of the activities of a particular filling organization. It is proved that in modern conditions it is necessary to improve measures directed toward sales profitability increase, as well as increase customer loyalty through the use of modern marketing tools. Specific offers are created to increase the profitability of the company through the use of customers’ loyalty tools, the use of cost-sharing methods, cross-marketing. Keywords—gas station; profitability; loyalty; participation economy; cross-marketing.
Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 1: Introduction

Abstract In the course of our supervisory work over the years, we have noticed that qualitative research tends to evoke a lot of questions and worries, so-called Frequently Asked Questions. This journal series of four articles intends to provide novice researchers with practical guidance for conducting high-quality qualitative research in primary care. By ‘novice’ we mean Master’s students and junior researchers, as well as experienced quantitative researchers who are engaging in qualitative research for the first time. This series addresses their questions and provides researchers, readers, reviewers and editors with references to criteria and tools for judging the quality of papers reporting on qualitative research. This first article describes the key features of qualitative research, provides publications for further learning and reading, and gives an outline of the series.
Image Instance Segmentation: Using the CIRSY System to Identify Small Objects in Low Resolution Images

The CIRSY system (or Chick Instance Recognition System) is am image processing system developed as part of this research to detect images of chicks in highly-populated images that uses the leading algorithm in instance segmentation tasks, called the Mask R-CNN. It extends on the Faster R-CNN framework used in object detection tasks, and this extension adds a branch to predict the mask of an object along with the bounding box prediction. Mask R-CNN has proven to be effective in instance segmentation and object detection tasks after outperforming all existing models on evaluation of the Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) dataset (He, Gkioxari, Dollár, & Girshick, 2017). However, this research explores to what extent the Mask R-CNN framework can perform in instance level recognition of small objects in poorly lit images. By leveraging on the benefits of transfer learning in training deep neural networks, this research further explores if fine tuning the Mask R-CNN algorithm can significantly improve the models performance after it has been trained after applying the weights from the implementation of the model trained on the MS COCO dataset. The CIRSY system was trained on various synthetic datasets with varying degrees of transformation and noise applied. These datasets were built from a collection of CCTV footage of chicks in a poultry farm. The experiments conducted showed that although there were slight improvements in the model performance, these improvements were not statistically significant.
Monitoring selected national HIV prevention and care objectives by using HIV surveillance data : United States and 6 dependent areas, 2015

CDC monitors progress on selected national human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and care objectives using surveillance data (1) and has released two HIV care continuums for 2014: a diagnosis-based continuum and a prevalence-based continuum (2,3). A diagnosis-based HIV continuum monitors key steps needed for a person living with diagnosed HIV infection to reach viral suppression, which leads to improved health outcomes and reduced risk for transmission to others. To determine a diagnosisbased HIV continuum, CDC uses the number of persons living with diagnosed HIV infection as the denominator. CDC monitors engagement in medical care and viral suppression in 38 jurisdictions that have complete reporting of CD4 and viral load laboratory results. Among persons living with diagnosed HIV infection at year-end 2014 in 38 jurisdictions, 73% received HIV medical care in 2014, 57% were retained in continuous care, and 58% were virally suppressed (1). Because the first step in entering HIV care is receiving a diagnosis, CDC has also estimated an HIV prevalence-based continuum, which uses the estimated number of all persons living with diagnosed or undiagnosed HIV infection as the denominator. Among the estimated 1.1 million persons living with HIV infection in the United States in 2014, 85% had received a diagnosis (1). Extrapolating from 38 jurisdictions with complete reporting, an estimated 62% of persons living with HIV infection received HIV medical care in 2014, 48% were retained in continuous care, and 49% were virally suppressed (2). More information is available in the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention report and accompanying fact sheet and slide set (1–3).
Successful Decompressive Craniectomy in a Child with Severe Head Trauma

Gelişmiş ülkelerde travma, çocuklarda mortalite ve morbiditenin en sık görülen sebebidir. Bu hastalarda ağır travmatik beyin hasarı en önemli ölüm nedenidir. Tedavide temel hedef havayolu, respiratuvar, dolaşım desteği sağlamak ve bunun yanında kafa içi basınç artışını önlemektir. Sekiz yaşında kız olgu trafik kazası sonucu ağır travmatik beyin hasarı ile getirildi. Glasgow Koma ölçeği 8 olan olgu entübe edildi ve olguya respiratuvar ve dolaşım desteği verildi. Kraniyal tomografide bilateral frontal lobda hemorajik kontüzyon alanları, travmatik subaraknoid kanama, sağda ince subdural kanama alanı, bazal sisternalarda silinme, ciddi beyin ödemi ve orta hatta sola doğru 1 cm şift vardı. Hastaya mannitol, %3 NaCl ve fenitoin tedavisi verildi. İzlemde herniasyon bulguları gelişmesi üzerine başvurusunun 4. saatinde dekompresif kraniektomi uygulandı. Çocuk yoğun bakım izleminde 3. gün ekstübe edilen olgu, 13. gün taburcu edildi. İzleminin 6. ayında nörolojik olarak sekelsizdi. Ağır kafa travmalı çocuk hastada dekompresif kraniektomi uygulaması, tıbbi tedaviye yanıtsız nörolojik bozulma veya kafa içi basınç artışında veya herniasyon durumunda gecikmeden düşünülmelidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuk, travmatik beyin hasarı, kafa içi basınç artışı, dekompresif kraniektomi In developed countries, trauma is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Severe traumatic brain injury is the most important cause of death in these patients. The main goal of treatment is to provide airway, respiratory and circulatory support and to prevent increased intracranial pressure. An 8-year-old girl with a severe traumatic brain injury due to traffic accident was admitted. The patient had a Glasgow Coma scale score of 8. She was intubated and provided respiratory and hemodynamic support. Cranial tomography showed bilateral diffuse frontal hemorrhagic contusion areas, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, a slim subdural hemorrhage, basal cistern effacement, and severe brain edema with a midline shift to the left of 1 cm. Mannitol, 3% sodium chloride and phenytoin were given to the patient. At the 4th hour of the follow-up in pediatric intensive care, decompressive craniectomy was performed because the patient developed clinical herniation findings. The patient was extubated on the 3rd day and discharged on the 13th day. She did not have any neurological sequelae at 6 months of follow-up. Decompressive craniectomy should be considered without delay in children with severe head trauma with neurological deterioration or intracranial pressure elevation refractory to medical treatment and in those with herniation.