Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The fermentation of soluble carbohydrates in rumen contents of cows given diets containing a large proportion of flaked maize

1. Studies were made of the fermentation of D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose and sucrose by rumen contents from two cows fed 1 kg hay and 4 or 5 kg flaked maize once daily. The proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen before addition of carbohydrates varied widely but on average acetic acid constituted about 52%, propionic acid about 29% and n-butyric acid about 13% of the total. 2. In in vitro experiments, 896 mg of the monosaccharides and 851 mg sucrose were added to 150 g mixed rumen contents incubated for 2 h; the carbohydrates were added at 10 min intervals throughout the incubation on three occasions with each cow. Mean proportions of the carbohydrates fermented ranged from about 60% of the pentoses to about 85% of sucrose and glucose. Of the VFA produced from galactose and the pentoses, acetic acid constituted about 40%, propionic acid 45–55% and n-butyric acid 1–7%; very little n-valeric acid was produced. With the other carbohydrates results from the two cows differed, owing mainly to the production of appreciable amounts of n-valeric acid with one cow only. Acetic acid constituted about 40% of the VFA produced from fructose and sucrose, propionic acid 20–40%, n-butyric acid 14–22% and n-valeric acid up to 12%. The proportions of VFA produced from glucose were intermediate between the other two groups. 3. Net recovery of carbon from fermented carbohydrate in VFA was about 35–45%. A further 1–6%, of fermented glucose, fructose and sucrose was recovered in lactic acid. 4. In in vivo experiments, the monosaccharides only were infused into the rumen for 8 h at the rate of 200 g/h. Changes in the concentrations of substrates and products varied widely, owing to the variable basal fermentation, but changes in the proportions of VFA in the rumen were similar to those found in vitro. 5. The results of the in vitro experiments were compared with those obtained in earlier experiments in which the same cows were given a diet containing 70% hay. Significant regressions (P < 0.05) were found between the molar proportions of acetic, propionic and n-valeric acids produced from the substrates and the proportions of these acids present in the rumen contents at the start of the incubations, but the relationships differed markedly among the different carbohydrates. Most of the significant regressions were positive but negative regressions for propionic acid production from fructose and sucrose with one cow suggested the existence of more complex interrelationships among two or more VFA.
Philippine vehicle plate localization using image thresholding and genetic algorithm

This paper proposes a vehicle plate localization method using genetic algorithm integrated with image thresholding. Image thresholding outputs a value which varies on the time the image is captured. Genetic algorithm on the other hand, executed the license plate region detection of the digital image which depends on the set-level of the image threshold values obtained. Using the proposed algorithm, it was shown how the algorithm was effective on finding the plate location in a given image. Results show that the different parameters tested were successful and converges to a point where the plate locations can be located. The algorithms were tested on an image of a vehicle equipped with a license plate on its frontal view tested on a large number of trials. The genetic algorithm initialized 2000 chromosomes as its initial population and a fixed generation's count of 100. It was observed that the time it took for the program to locate the plate is about 3 seconds. Another finding observed is that by varying the initial chromosome count and generation count will lead to longer computation time with increased accuracy. On the contrary, if the initial values were lessened, computation time will be less but the accuracy lessen. Results show that this plate localization technique successfully locates the plate and may be calibrated depending on the time of analysis.
Efficient Selfish Attack Detection in Cognitive Radio Network

The main intention of developing cognitive radio technology is to solve the spectrum deficiency problem by allocating the spectrum dynamically to the unlicensed clients. An important aim of any wireless network is to secure communication. It is to help the unlicensed clients to utilize the maximum available licensed bandwidth, and the cognitive network is designed for opportunistic communication technology. Selfish attacks cause serious security problem because they significantly deteriorate the performance of a cognitive network. In this paper, the selfish attacks have been identified using cooperative neighboring cognitive radio ad hoc network (COOPON). A novel technique has been proposed as ICOOPON (improvised COOPON), which shows improved performance in selfish attack detection as compared to existing technique. A comparative study has been presented to find the efficiency of proposed technique. The parameters used are throughput, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay.
Design of microstrip patch antennas using method of moment based MATLAB codes

This research paper presents the design of microstrip patch antenna through the simulation done by MATLAB source codes, which were developed using method of moment. In order to design, a simplest geometry of the patch antenna is chosen. Antennas of different length, width and feed locations are simulated. Antennas have been analyzed with various performance parameters such as impedance, radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, directivity and VSWR obtained. In order to validate the design approach, MATLAB simulation results for four antennas have been compared with the results obtained from electromagnetic CST simulator. Also one of the antennas has been fabricated in the laboratory and experimentally measured.
A PRIMITIVE HALOBIA (BIVALVIA: HALOBIOIDEA) FROM THE TRIASSIC OF NORTHEAST BRITISH COLUMBIA

Abstract Halobia daonellaformis new species is described from the lowermost Carnian of northeast British Columbia. Halobia daonellaformis n. sp. is regarded as a primitive Halobia characterized by external ornamentation similar to Daonella lommeli, but with a poorly developed anterior auricle. Morphologic characters of H. daonellaformis n. sp. suggest that Halobia may be not a natural taxon but a polyphyletic group with one or more ancestors from Daonella and Aparimella and/or other posidoniid(s). The sudden appearance of Halobia throughout the marine Triassic suggests a rapid dispersal mechanism following a Ladinian origin. Larval shell morphology indicates a planktotrophic developmental strategy for H. daonellaformis n. sp. , and by extension to other halobiids, which may explain the widespread distribution of many halobiid species.
CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS ON HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM, URINE, SALIVA, SWEAT, AND TEARS ON A DIGITAL MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM

We present the use of an electrowetting-based “digital” microfluidic device for clinical diagnostics on human physiological fluids. Repeatable high-speed transport of microdroplets of human whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, saliva, sweat and tears, is first shown, to establish the compatibility of these fluids with the electrowetting system. A calorimetric enzyme-kinetic glucose assay is then performed on serum, plasma, urine, and saliva, and the results compared with those obtained using a reference methodology. The values obtained agree well, expect for urine where there is a noticeable difference. The initial results demonstrate the feasibility of using an electrowetting-based lab-on-chip for clinical diagnostics.
Detection of pre-epileptic seizure by using wavelet packet decomposition and artifical neural networks

Epilepy is one of the best known disease in the world and it affects the life of patiens in a negative way. There are a lot of studies which include EEG signals are in progress to remove these problems. Accurate and reliable EEG signals give important information about the situation of the brain and its electrical activity so they are vital for epileptic seizure detection. In this study healthy and interictal EEG signals are used to detect pre-epileptic seizure. The proposed study includes three stages. Firstly, in the preprocess stage EEG signals are normalized and then wavelet packet decomposition method is used to each signal to obtain key features. At the final stage artifical neural networks are applied to classify these key features. In our study we had 99% classification rate for 100 healthy and 100 interictal EEG signals.
Love Matches and Arranged Marriages: A Chinese Replication.

Data from a probability sample of 586 ever-married women in Chengdu Sichuan in the Peoples Republic of China are used to examine the transition from arranged to free-choice marriages in that society. Retrospective data on mate-choice experiences reveal that the role of parents has declined sharply while young people more and more dominate the process of spouse selection.Multiple regression analyses indicate that wives in.love matches are more satisfied with their marital relationships than their counterparts in arranged marriages regardless of the length of the marriage and that this difference cannot be attributed to the influence of other background factors that differentiate these two types of women. (EXCERPT)
Leveraging wikipedia knowledge to cross-language classify textual news

This paper presents a first attempt of leveraging Wikipedia knowledge to represent textual news stories as vectors of Wikipedia concepts, and analysis its suitability for creating a cross-language classifier of textual news stories written in Spanish when it is trained only with English ones. We describe two approaches. The first one is based only on Wikipedia concepts to represent the news stories (WikiBoC-CLCM). The second approach (Hybrid-WikiBoC) combines the WikiBoC-CLCM classifier with the state-of-the-art approach based on the bag of words model along with machine translation techniques (BoW-MT). To evaluate the approaches proposed we present a dataset composed of news written in English and Spanish, extracted from several online newspapers and news agencies such as Reuters and Europa Press. The results obtained show that the purely based on concepts WikiBoC-CLCM approach offers the highest classification performance, achieving increases up to 55.07% over the state-of-the-art BoW-MT approach. The Hybrid-WikiBoC approach also outperforms the BoW-MT model, achieving performance increases up to 2.34% We conclude that leveraging Wikipedia knowledge is of great advantage in tasks of cross-language classification of textual news stories.
Heavy metals toxicity

Even though heavy metals are the oldest known toxins harmful to humans, heavy metal toxicity is still a topic that requires further investigation. This paper aims το provid an overview on the most dangerous heavy metals and their negative effects on the human health. Arsenic (As) contaminated underground water and arsenic based agricultural products have generated a worldwide increase of illnesses and deaths that are mainly due to various types of cancer and skin disorders. Industrialization and manufactur­ing made ead (Pb) poisoning a common occurrence, forcing governments to take measures to decrease lead usage. Mercury (Hg), being highly bioaccumulative and with an increasing presence in the environment, when consumed through food is proven to be especially harmful to lactating mothers, fetuses and children. The vast use of admium (Cd) for technological and agricultural purposes poses a high risk of occupational and non-occupational exposure of humans to that element, since it has been confirmed to cause carcinogenesis. Public awareness of the topic is necessary in order to prevent future increase of heavy metal related human diseases and deaths.
Distributed coordination method of microgrid economic operation optimization based on multi-agent system

Microgrid economic dispatch is an important content of microgrid operation optimization, distributed control algorithm can be a good solution to solve microgrid economic dispatch problem. Replicator dynamics algorithm employed in the framework of a distributed multi-agent system (MAS)is presented in this paper. It divides a global optimization problem into multiple coordination optimization problems between agents to be solved. Each distributed generation in microgrid is controlled by an intelligence agent, and agents that in peer status imitate individual organisms interact with each other by the game algorithm to maximize their own benefits. When the game reach the nash equilibrium point, global optimal solution is obtained. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed distributed coordination method have been verified by a numerical test system.
Safety and Quality of Chicken Meat Products

One hundred samples of ten poultry meat products were collected from AL-Ahsa markets (King Saudi Arabia). The samples were ranked from carcass cuts “filet and thigh” to minced meat or further processed products as burger, nuggets, frankfurter and meat paste loaf. Samples were collected in triplicate for sensory, chemical and microbiological analysis to assure their quality and safety. The obtained results revealed variation in chemical composition; some products with high fat % have an increased thiobarbituic acid value, which results in their unacceptability due to the appearance of abnormal flavor. Bacteriological analysis revealed that the mean total bacterial count was ranged form 2.7X10/g for nuggets to 3.3X10/g for burger and the other products in the range of 10 to 10 6 /gm, while S. aureus mean count ranged from less than 10/gm for all samples , accept 10/g and 10/g for mince and frankfurter samples respectively . E. Coli isolated form 70% of the samples and salmonella arizona was isolated at once form thigh samples. Thirty % of samples not comply with Saudi Standards due to sensory unacceptability and 20% of samples nonconforming with bacteriological specifications.
Changes in electrical impedance of biological matter due to the application of ultrashort high voltage pulses

Time domain-based impedance measurements were used to study the changes in electrical parameters of biological samples following the application of ultrashort high voltage (HV) pulses. Pulses with very short duration (300 ns) caused a significant drop in post pulse resistance of the plasma membrane only at high field strengths in excess of 20 kV/cm. The conductivity of the plasma membrane returned to almost pre-pulse values within less than 10 ms after the field was applied. Further steps of recovery, attributed to pore shrinking and resealing with an exponential decay of the conductivity, as is expected in electroporation, were not observed. An increase in medium conductance, as recorded minutes after the pulse, arises mainly from cell damage. Although pore formation is a possible effect of the high electric field, our results suggest further disturbance of the membrane-like micelle formation or even the creation of large defects, forced by mechanical tension within the cell membrane.
Dynamics of various viral groups infecting autotrophic plankton in Lake Geneva

Viral community structure and dynamics were investigated for the first time in surface waters (0–20 m) of Lake Geneva over a 5-month period between July and November 2011. Abundances of autotrophic picoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and virus-like particles determined using flow cytometry revealed their predominance during the summer months followed by a slight decrease in fall. Two groups of viruses could be discriminated, referred to as virus-like particles (VLP) group 1 and 2. The abundance of VLP1 correlated significantly with the bacterial abundance, while that of VLP2 correlated with both chlorophyll a and picocyanobacterial abundance suggesting a tight coupling between these viral groups and bacteria or phytoplankton. The abundance of cyanomyoviruses and cyanopodoviruses varied between 7.3 × 102 ml−1 (July) to 1.2 × 104 ml−1 (November) and 5.8 × 103 ml−1 (July) to 2.2 × 104 ml−1 (September), respectively. The abundance of the picocyanobacterial hosts was in concurrence with that of the cyanophages, being higher in late summer. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of viral signature genes such as g20, g23, mcp, polB, psbA and psbD revealed a relatively high richness within these genes with their diversity increasing towards the summer months. The diversity of psbD was found to be particularly high and correlated with picocyanobacterial abundance suggesting that cyanophages may be directly responsible for a significant proportion of carbon fixation in Lake Geneva.
Design for Robustness Contour Detection CNN

The cellular neural nonlinear network (CNN) is a powerful tool for image and video signal processing, robotic and biological visions. This paper sets up a theorem to design robustness template CNN for contour detection in images, which provides parameter inequalities for determining parameter intervals for implementing the corresponding tasks. The contour CNN has successfully detected edges in three gray-scale images
SiC power devices — Present status, applications and future perspective

Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices for high power applications are now commercially available as discrete devices. Recently Schottky diodes are offered by both USA and Europe based companies. Active switching devices such as bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), field effect transistors (JFETs and MOSFETs) are now available on the commercial market. The interest is rapidly growing for these devices in high power and high temperature applications. The main advantages of wide bandgap semiconductors are their very high critical electric field capability. From a power device perspective the high critical field strength can be used to design switching devices with much lower losses than conventional silicon based devices both for on-state losses and reduced switching losses. This paper reviews the current state of the art in active switching device performance for both SiC and GaN. SiC material quality and epitaxy processes have greatly improved and degradation free 100 mm wafers are readily available. The SiC wafer roadmap looks very favorable as volume production takes off. For GaN materials the main application area is geared towards the lower power rating level up to 1 kV on mostly lateral FET designs. Power module demonstrations are beginning to appear in scientific reports and real applications. A short review is therefore given. Other advantages of SiC is the possibility of high temperature operation (> 300 °C) and in radiation hard environments, which could offer considerable system advantages.
Snapback and safe operating area of LDMOS transistors

This paper deals with the measurement and prediction of the SOA boundary and the accompanying device physics. Results are given for n-channel LDMOS transistors having a self-aligned body diffusion. LDMOS SOA has been discussed previously in a number of papers, however, there is still a need for improving the overall understanding of this rather complicated subject. To be complete, thermal effects should also be included in the definition of SOA, however, these can be treated separately and we focus here on the "electrical SOA", which is defined by the Id-Vds boundary where snapback occurs.
Multiple Infections of Helminths in the Stomach and Intestine of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) In Oba Reservoir, Oyo State, Nigeria.

The study was carried out in Oba reservoir,( 8° 3"to 8° 12"N and 4° 6"to 4° 12"E in Oyo state, Nigeria.) between August 2011 and November 2013. A total of 246 live fishes (Clarias gariepinus),purchased from local fishermen were examined. In the laboratory, morphometric parameters were measured, sexes determined and fishes were dissected to separate the alimentary system. Parasites recovered were identified and counted; data were subjected to statistical analyses. Parasites recovered were Procamallanus laevionchus, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Nematodes.), Anomotaenia sp. , Monobothrium sp. , Polyonchobothrium clariae. (Cestodes) and Neoechinorynchus rutili (Acanthocephalan). Using non parametric (NPar), Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, infection was significant (p = 0.05) within seasons, and females were more infected than males. Prevalence was 46.34%. Monobothrium sp. had the highest range of infection (0 - 32) and intensity (21.98+2.08) while Anomotaenia sp. had the least (0 - 1) and (1.00+0.01) respectively. Six parasites were found in the intestine, while four were in the stomach. Fishes of small sizes (< 10cm) and small weight (< 20g) were not infected; there was high prevalence in medium and large sized fish and a direct linear relationship exist between length and intensity. Body weight was significant (K-S; p = 0.05) in relation to infection and sex. Multiple infections were common, which showed a positive correlation (Spearman) between most of the parasites except Anomotaenia sp. which showed negative correlation with P. clariae.
Scalable load balancing using enhanced server health monitoring and adimission control

The increasing number of users and services on Internet day by day resulting in high traffic and load on the web servers. This is in turn degrading the quality of service. A well known solution to this problem is to use cluster of web servers. An optimum server load balancing policy is needed to achieve scalability and high performance of the service offered by cluster of web servers. In this paper, we proposed scalable Load Balancing using enhanced server Health monitoring and Admission control (LBHA). LBHA algorithm is capable of offering guarantees for different client priorities, such as premium customers and default customers. We show that using LBHA strategy web servers are able to maintain Service Level Agreements (SLA) without the need of a priori over-dimensioning of server resources. This is achieved by taking the real perspective of the service requests using the measurement of arrival rates at that time and selectively drop some requests from the default clients if the default customers traffic is high. We analyzed and compared the experimental results of LBHA strategy with the results of the very popular load balancing algorithm, Weighted Round Robin (WRR) and also Extended Server Load Balancing Algorithm (ELBL). We show that even though the LBHA strategy takes a little more server processing resources than WRR, it is capable to render assurances unlike WRR and ELBL.
The Politics of Managed Care Plans ON THE “ EFFICIENCY ” OF MANAGED CARE PLANS

The claim that managed care plans are more efficient than fee-for-service plans has been made so often that it has reached the status of folklore, but the evidence is inconclusive. The claim is usually based on one or both of the following errors: (1) lower medical care costs mean lower total costs (medical plus administrative costs) and (2) lower HMO premiums mean HMOs are more efficient than fee-for-service plans. The first assertion ignores evidence indicating that managed care has driven up administrative costs for both insurers and providers. The second ignores evidence that managed care plans have numerous methods of shifting costs that are unavailable or less available to fee-for-service plans. The lull in health care inflation during the mid-1990s is often cited as evidence that managed care is efficient. But the lull may have been caused not by the spread of managed care but by the near-simultaneous occurrence of four events: a downturn in the insurance underwriting cycle, the 1990–1991 recession, endorsement of managed competition by numerous politicians, and the merger fever triggered by those endorsements.