Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yazılım Yeniden Yapılamaya Yönelik Model Güdümlü ve Kaliteye Yönelimli Süreç Modeli

Özet. Yazılım Yeniden Yapılama (software re-engineering) (YYY), yoğun kaynak ve zaman kullanımını gerektiren, gidiş-dönüşlü ve yinelemeli yazılım mühendisliği etkinliklerini içermektedir. Dolayısıyla, söz konusu süreçler otomatik hale getirilebilmeli, ortaya çıkan ürün, araç ve yöntemler yeniden yapılanmış yazılımla ilgili sonraki süreçlerde tekrar kullanılabilmelidir. Bu bağlamda, Model Güdümlü Mimari (MGM) ve Model Güdümlü Yazılım Geliştirme (MGYG), yazılımların otomatik geliştirilebilmesi ile kalite ve öngörülebilirliğini hedefleyen yaklaşımlardır. Ancak model, modelleme ve kalite kavramlarını YYY çalışma alanında bütünleşik olarak birlikte ele alan araştırmalar sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu amaçla çalışmamız, Tasarım Bilimi Araştırma Yöntemi (Design Science Research) (TBAY) doğrultusunda yürütülmüş, sistematik haritalama ile desteklenmiştir. Araştırmamızda “Model Güdümlü ve Kaliteye Yönelimli bir YYY Süreç Modeli” geliştirilmiştir. MGM, YYY ve ISO/IEC 2500n “Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation” (SQuaRE) yazılım kalite standartları bütünleşik olarak kullanılmış, TBAY kapsamında çalışmanın kuramsal temellerini oluşturmuştur. Geliştirilen modelde hesaplama bağımsız modeller mevcut yazılıma ait iş akışı vb. çizeneklerle, platform bağımsız modeller ise UML çizenekleri ve Soyut Söz Dizim Ağaçları (Abstract Syntax Tree) (SSDA) ile temsil edilmektedir. SSDA’ları aynı zamanda iyileştirilecek yazılımın anlambilim yapısının, model ve kod dönüşümlerinde kullanılabilmesini sağlamaktadır. Mevcut yazılıma ait kalite gereksinimleri MGYG doğrultusunda ve SQuaRE standardındaki metrik ve ölçütlerle belirlenmektedir.
Differentiating anxiety and depression: the State-Trait Anxiety-Depression Inventory

ABSTRACT The differentiation of trait anxiety and depression in nonclinical and clinical populations is addressed. Following the tripartite model, it is assumed that anxiety and depression share a large portion of negative affectivity (NA), but differ with respect to bodily hyperarousal (specific to anxiety) and anhedonia (lack of positive affect; specific to depression). In contrast to the tripartite model, NA is subdivided into worry (characteristic for anxiety) and dysthymia (characteristic for depression), which leads to a four-variable model of anxiety and depression encompassing emotionality, worry, dysthymia, and anhedonia. Item-level confirmatory factor analyses and latent class cluster analysis based on a large nation-wide representative German sample (N = 3150) substantiate the construct validity of the model. Further evidence concerning convergent and discriminant validity with respect to related constructs is obtained in two smaller nonclinical and clinical samples. Factors influencing the association between components of anxiety and depression are discussed.
Mecamylamine and ethanol preference in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that some of the behavioral effects of alcohol may be mediated through actions on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, reduces alcohol preference and consumption in alcohol-preferring rats, and in humans, mecamylamine dampens some of the subjective, or mood-altering, effects of alcohol. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of mecamylamine on consumption of alcohol in healthy social drinkers. METHODS Healthy volunteers (12 men, 12 women) participated in a choice procedure in which they chose between an alcoholic beverage and money (low, medium, or high amounts) after pretreatment with mecamylamine (7.5 or 15 mg) or placebo. Outcome measures were the number of alcoholic beverages consumed and the subjective effects of alcohol. RESULTS Mecamylamine (15 mg) decreased blood alcohol levels (BALs) after a small fixed dose of alcohol (0.2 g/kg). Even when the lower BALs were taken into account, mecamylamine reduced ratings of stimulation after alcohol (Addiction Research Center Inventory A scale). Mecamylamine did not significantly reduce choice for alcohol versus money. However, there was a tendency for the drug to decrease alcohol choice among participants who reported the greatest stimulant-like effects from alcohol. CONCLUSION These results provide only limited support for the idea that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in the rewarding effects of alcohol.
Speckle noise reduction of ultrasound knee biomarker with edge and detail preservation using improved diffusivity function

Anisotropic Diffusion (AD) is a well-known method for reducing the speckle noise, especially in an ultrasound (US) image. Nonetheless, its pertinent detail preservation ability remains insufficiently robust. We propose an AD method that poses emphasis both on edge and small detail preservation during speckle noise reduction of the US image. A new diffusivity function is proposed by having simultaneous concern on edge and important detail preservation of the US image. The diffusivity function is defined with the aid of comparison and scaling on top of the method of Black et al. Mean absolute error (MAE) stopping criterion is used for automatic stopping of the diffusion process (number of iterations). For performance evaluation of the proposed AD method, ultrasound (US) image of knee joint cartilage is adopted. Qualitative analysis is performed by using human visual perception. Different performance metrics named as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), figure of merits (FOM), and structure similarity index measurement (SSIM) are computed for quantitative analysis of the proposed method.
Farms, pastures and woodlands: the fine‐scale distribution of Palearctic Culicoides spp. biting midges along an agro‐ecological gradient

The spatial epidemiology of Bluetongue virus (BTV) at the landscape level relates to the fine‐scale distribution and dispersal capacities of its vectors, midges belonging to the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Although many previous researches have carried out Culicoides sampling on farms, little is known of the fine‐scale distribution of Culicoides in the landscape immediately surrounding farms. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of Culicoides populations at increasing distances from typical dairy farms in north‐west Europe, through the use of eight Onderstepoort‐type black‐light traps positioned along linear transects departing from farms, going through pastures and entering woodlands. A total of 16 902 Culicoides were collected in autumn 2008 and spring 2009. The majority were females, of which more than 97% were recognized as potential vectors. In pastures, we found decreasing numbers of female Culicoides as a function of the distance to the farm. This pattern was modelled by leptokurtic models, with parameters depending on season and species. By contrast, the low number of male Culicoides caught were homogeneously distributed along the transects. When transects entered woodlands, we found a higher abundance of Culicoides than expected considering the distance of the sampling sites to the farm, although this varied according to species.
EVOL optimer - tool for gene expression analysis

Microarray data has been widely used to predict different disease condition. But the problem has been the high dimensionality of microarray data, because of very few samples compared to a huge number of genes. To tackle this necessity we have developed EVOL Optimer (Evolutionary Optimization). In our method we used both filter and wrapper based approach for gene selection. The original subsets are ranked by using the filter based ReliefF ranking method then the top ranked features are optimized using a wrapper based genetic algorithm (GA) method. The selected gene subsets are applied to different classifiers with Leave-One-Out Cross Validation (LOOCV) and the results show that the proposed approaches have high classification accuracy on different dataset. The tool is readily available at the following URL: (http://faculty.amrita.ac.in/∼ashavijayan/evol/)
Effect of peptide YY3-36 on food intake in humans.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies in animals and humans suggest a role for peptide YY (PYY3-36) in regulating satiety. The physiologic role of PYY3-36, however, has not been investigated in detail. METHODS The present study was designed to examine PYY release in response to 2 meals differing in their calorie content and to relate the plasma levels to those obtained after exogenous infusion. In a second step, the effect of graded intravenous doses (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 pmol.kg(-1). min(-1)) of synthetic human PYY3-36 on food intake was investigated in healthy male volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion. RESULTS Plasma PYY concentrations increased in response to food intake reflecting the size of the calorie load. Graded PYY3-36 infusions resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in food intake (maximal inhibition, 35%; P < .001 vs control) and a similar reduction in calorie intake (32%; P < .001). Fluid ingestion was also reduced by PYY (18% reduction; P < .01). Nausea and fullness were the most common side effects produced by PYY, especially at the highest dose. Furthermore, subjects experienced less hunger and early fullness in the premeal period during PYY3-36 infusion at the highest dose (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that intravenous infusions of PYY3-36 decrease spontaneous food intake; the inhibition is, however, only significant at pharmacologic plasma concentrations. Whether PYY3-36 has a physiologic role in the regulation of satiety in humans remains to be defined.
Role of the Epstein-Barr Virus ZEBRA Protein and HPV in the Carcinogenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Moumad Khalid1,4, Laantri Nadia1, Attaleb Mohammed2, Dardari R’kia1, Benider Abdellatif3, Benchakroun Nadia3, Ennaji Mustapha4 and Khyatti Meriem1 1Laboratory of Oncovirology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, 2Biology and Medical Research Unit, Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et Techniques Nucleaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, 3Service de Radiotherapie, Centre d′Oncologie IBN Rochd, Casablanca, 4Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca Morocco
Adverse drug events in intensive care units: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors.

BACKGROUND Adverse drug events are considered determinants of patient safety and quality of care. OBJECTIVE To assess the characteristics of adverse drug events in patients admitted to an intensive care unit and determine the impact of severity of illness and nursing workload on the prevalence of the events. METHODS A cross-sectional survey based on retrospective analysis of a high-quality patient data management system for a university-based intensive care unit was used. The prevalence of adverse drug events was measured by using a validated global trigger tool adapted for the critical care environment. Severity was determined by using a validated algorithm. Disease severity and nursing workload were assessed by using validated scoring systems. An investigator blinded to the study and a panel of experts assessed putative serious adverse drug events for each drug taken. Characteristics of patients with and without adverse drug events were compared by using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS During 175 of 1009 intensive care unit days screened, 230 adverse drug events occurred in 79 patients. The most common events were hypoglycemia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and hypokalemia. Of the adverse events, 96% were classified as causing temporary harm and 4% as causing complications. Both mean severity of disease and nursing workload were significantly higher on days when 1 or more adverse drug events occurred. CONCLUSION Adverse drug events were common in intensive care unit patients and were associated with illness severity and nursing workload.
Experimental and numerical results of electromagnetic nondestructive testing with HTc SQUIDS

We present here recent results on detection of surface and subsurface artificial features in Al-Ti planar structures, to show current performance of our eddy-current nondestructive evaluation system based on HTc SQUIDs. The anomalous magnetic fields generated by flaws with known electromagnetic characteristics have been modeled by three-dimensional codes based on finite element method and volume integral formulation and developed for the investigated problem. Both numerical solutions have correctly predicted the shape of the complicated magnetic field response which is mainly the result of the shape of the defect, the geometry of the inducing coil and the characteristics of the SQUID gradiometer.
Long Noncoding RNA LINC00261 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion and Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Human Choriocarcinoma

Choriocarcinoma is one of the gestational trophoblastic neoplasias (GTNs) that originate in the chorionic villi and the extravillous trophoblast. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-protein-coding RNAs that have recently been implicated in human tumorigenesis. The present study investigated the role of the lncRNA LINC00261 in cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in choriocarcinoma cell lines. The transcription level of LINC00261 was significantly lower in choriocarcinoma tissues and in choriocarcinoma cell lines. Overexpression of LINC00261 caused a decrease in cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, overexpression of LINC00261 inhibited cell migration and invasion. Meanwhile, it promoted cell apoptosis and the relative activities of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in choriocarcinoma JEG-3 and JAR cells. These data suggested that LINC00261 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in choriocarcinoma. Our data might provide novel insight into the early diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma in clinics.
Relationships between carcass traits and offal components in local poultry populations of Benin 5510 Relationships between carcass traits and offal components in local poultry populations ( gallus gallus ) of

Objectives: The current work was carried out to determine the relationships between live weight, carcass traits and the offal components traits in Holli, Fulani, Sahoue, North and South indigenous chicken ecotypes of Benin. Methodology and results: 260 indigenous chickens of which 52 cockerels of each ecotype were slaughtered at 24 weeks old and used for carcass and offal composition study. Data collected were live weight, carcass weight, Carcass yields and the weights of breast, thigh-drumstick, wings, back, liver, gizzard, heart, tarsi, neck and head. It comes out from this study that in North chickens, except heart weight and carcass yields, slaughter weight was highly and positively correlated with hot carcass weight, breast weight, thigh-drumstick weight, wing weight, tarsi weight (P<0.001; 0.62 ≤ r ≤ 0.99), weakly and positively associated to the heart weight (P<0.05; r = 0.44) but negatively correlated with the carcass drip loss (P<0.01, r= -0.51). The breast weight was moderately and positively correlated with gizzard weight (P<0.01, r= 0.61) while the thigh-drumstick and wing weights were highly and positively associated with gizzard weight (P<0.001, 0.67 ≤ r ≤ 0.78). Similar relationships were also observed in Holli, Fulani and Sahoue ecotypes between live weight, carcass traits and offal components except carcass yields and the weights of heart, liver, head and tarsi. Contrary to North, Holli, Fulani and Sahoue chickens, heart weight and liver weight in South chicken weren’t associated with the other carcass traits. However, the drip loss was negatively correlated with all other carcass traits evaluated in all chicken ecotypes. Holli and Fulani chickens were characterized by higher live weight, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, breast weight, wing weight, rest of carcass weight, neck weight, head weight, tarsi weight, thighJournal of Applied Biosciences 69:5510 – 5522
Living donor liver transplantation with vena cava reconstruction using a cryopreserved allograft for a pediatric patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome.

)and this fact has not previously beendescribed in Page kidney. Normaliza-tionofspectraltracingsaftersurgeryandrenal function recovery suggests that dia-stolic flow reversion is due to renal allo-graftcompartmentsyndrome,inadditiontootherknownconditionsanditcouldbeusefulinthedifferentialdiagnosisofsuchprocesses.Silvia Calde´sAna Ferna´ndezMaite RiveraJose L. Merino
Embedding the Awareness State and Response State in an Image-Based Avatar to Start Natural User Interaction

We propose a method for embedding the awareness state and response state in an image-based avatar to smoothly and automatically start an interaction with a user. When both states are not embedded, the image-based avatar can become non-responsive or slow to respond. To consider the beginning of an interaction, we observed the behaviors between a user and receptionist in an information center. Our method replayed the behaviors of the receptionist at appropriate times in each state of the imagebased avatar. Experimental results demonstrate that, at the beginning of the interaction, our method for embedding the awareness state and response state increased subjective scores more than not embedding the states. key words: image-based avatar, beginning of interaction, awareness state, response state
Purkynĕ's description of pressure phosphenes and modern neurophysiological studies on the generation of phosphenes by eyeball deformation.

(a) When a subject indents one of his eyeballs in total darkness, he immediately perceives light extending slowly across the whole visual field of the indented eye. The appearance and the time course of these pressure or deformation phosphenes are described. (b) With simultaneous binocular indentation of the eyeballs a flickering patterned phosphene is observed. (c) A short history of the research on pressure phosphenes and its consequences for the theories of vision is presented. (d) Purkynĕ's observations of monocular deformation phosphenes are described. He repeatedly noted patterned light structures, which most observers only perceive with simultaneous binocular eyeball deformation. It is suggested that Purkynĕ's deviating observations were caused by amblyopia of one eye. (e) The neurophysiological basis of the monocular pressure phosphenes was investigated by means of microelectrode recordings from single optic tract fibers. The activity of single retinal ganglion cells (on-center, off-center neurons, latency class I [Y-neurons] or latency class II [X-neurons]), was recorded in anaesthetized cats. Eyeball deformation in total darkness led to an activation of the on-center ganglion cells, while the off-center ganglion cells were inhibited. The latency and strength of this activation or inhibition varied considerably between different neurons, but were fairly constant in the same neuron when the eyeball indentation was repeated after a pause of 1-3 min. The latency and strength of neuronal activation or inhibition seemed to be dependent mainly upon the neuron location relative to the point of eyeball indentation. Some on-center neurons also exhibited a short activation at "deformation off". (f) The antagonistic response type of on-center and off-center ganglion cells was also observed when the eyeball was deformed as a hydrostatic open system and the intraocular pressure was kept at 25 mm Hg basic pressure. (g) Dark adaptation up to 45 min affected the deformation responses of retinal neurons only to a small degree, if at all. This corresponds to the observation that deformation phosphenes in a human observer changed little during the course of dark adaptation. (h) We assume that the activation of on-center and inhibition of off-center ganglion cells by eyeball deformation are caused by retinal stretching, which also leads to horizontal cell stretch. Stretching the horizontal cell membrane probably generates an increase in membrane sodium conductivity and a depolarization of the membrane potential. This depolarization of the horizontal cell membrane potential is transmitted either directly or indirectly (via receptor synapses) from the horizontal to the bipolar cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Absorption and distribution of ibuprofen from a cream formulation after dermal administration to guinea pigs.

Objective of this experimental study is the investigation of the absorption and distribution of ibuprofen in skin and muscle tissue in guinea pigs after dermal administration of Dolgit Creme. After administration of the test substance the following blood sampling intervals were applied: 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min. Skin and muscle tissue of the application area were also sampled at the same time intervals. In blood and plasma only 90 and 120 min after administration of the test substance concentrations of radioactivity were found which were above the limit of detection. In the skin of the application area most of the radioactivity applied was found. High concentrations of radioactivity were found in the hair follicles. In muscle tissue below the application area, dependent on the depth, concentrations between 228 micrograms and 13 micrograms of parent compound/g (tissue) were found. This indicates that after dermal administration of ibuprofen cream therapeutically relevant levels were reached even in deeper tissue.
Urea‐temperature phase diagrams capture the thermodynamics of denatured state expansion that accompany protein unfolding

We have analyzed the thermodynamic properties of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) A3 domain using urea‐induced unfolding at variable temperature and thermal unfolding at variable urea concentrations to generate a phase diagram that quantitatively describes the equilibrium between native and denatured states. From this analysis, we were able to determine consistent thermodynamic parameters with various spectroscopic and calorimetric methods that define the urea–temperature parameter plane from cold denaturation to heat denaturation. Urea and thermal denaturation are experimentally reversible and independent of the thermal scan rate indicating that all transitions are at equilibrium and the van't Hoff and calorimetric enthalpies obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions are equivalent demonstrating two‐state character. Global analysis of the urea–temperature phase diagram results in a significantly higher enthalpy of unfolding than obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions and significant cross correlations describing the urea dependence of ΔH0 and ΔCP0 that define a complex temperature dependence of the m‐value. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy illustrates a large increase in secondary structure content of the urea‐denatured state as temperature increases and a loss of secondary structure in the thermally denatured state upon addition of urea. These structural changes in the denatured ensemble make up ∼40% of the total ellipticity change indicating a highly compact thermally denatured state. The difference between the thermodynamic parameters obtained from phase diagram analysis and those obtained from analysis of individual thermal transitions illustrates that phase diagrams capture both contributions to unfolding and denatured state expansion and by comparison are able to decipher these contributions.