Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Taxpayers Attitudes towards the Legal System and Government on Tax Morale (With Reference to Selected Assesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

The overall purpose of this study was to assess the effect of taxpayers’ attitudes towards the legal system and government on tax morale. The researchers used survey method for the study. Data for the survey study were collected from the target populations by means of self administered questionnaire. From the populations the sample was select by using stratified sampling to obtain a representative sample from taxpayers of business organization. An ordered probit model is employed to analyze the effect of taxpayers’ attitudes towards the legal system and government on tax morale. The results showed that tax morale (dependent variable) is correlated at 0.4982 with attitude of taxpayers towards government and legal system at 5 percent significance level and there is a significant relationship between taxpayer attitude towards the legal system and government, and tax morale at a p value of 0.001 and 0.000 and has a significant positive effect on tax morale, with higher marginal effects. They have a statistically significant positive effect on tax morale. Therefore, governance quality seems to be a key component in the understanding of tax morale. Hence, governments are called to create confidence in their credibility and their capacity to deliver promised returns for taxes. The government should build trustworthy institutions; much weight should be put on developing a trustworthy ground so that taxpayers feel comfortable with paying taxes. Keywords : Tax morale, Legal System, Government
High statistics determination of the strong coupling constant in Taylor scheme and its OPE Wilson coefficient from lattice QCD with a dynamical charm

We are particularly indebted to A. Le Yaouanc, J. P. Leroy, and J. Micheli for participating in many fruitful discussions at the preliminary stages of this work. We thank the support of the Spanish MICINN FPA2011-23781 research project and the IN2P3 (CNRS-Lyon), IDRIS (CNRS-Orsay), TGCC (Bruyes-Le-Chatel), and CINES (Montpellier). K. Petrov is part of the P2IO Laboratory of Excellence.
An autonomous router-based solution to detect and defend low rate DDoS attacks

AN AUTONOMOUS ROUTER-BASED SOLUTION TO DETECT AND DEFEND LOW RATE DDoS ATTACKS by Karunakar Anantharam Internet security was not a concern when the Internet was invented, but we cannot deny this fact anymore. Since all forms of businesses and communications are aligned to the Internet in one form or the other, the security of these assets (both infrastructure and content) is of prime importance. Some of the well known consequences of an attack include gaining access to a network, intellectual property thefts, and denial of service. This thesis focuses on countering flood-type attacks that result in denial of service to end users. A new classification of this denial of service attacks, known as the low rate denial of service, will be the crux of our discussion. The average rate of this attack is so low that most routers or victims fail to detect the attack. Thus far, no solution can counter the low rate attacks without degrading the normal performance of the Transmission Control Protocol. This work proposes a router-based solution to detect and defend low as well as high rate distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS). A per flow approach coupled with the Deterministic Packet Marking scheme is used to detect and block attack flows autonomously. The solution provides a rapid detection and recovery procedure during an attack. AN AUTONOMOUS ROUTER-BASED SOLUTION TO DETECT AND DEFEND LOW RATE DDoS ATTACKS by Karunakar Anantharam A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering January 2005 APPROVAL PAGE AN AUTONOMOUS ROUTER-BASED SOLUTION TO DETECT AND DEFEND LOW RATE DDoS ATTACKS Karunakar Anantharam Dr. Nirwan Ansari, Thesis Advisor Date Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NJIT Dr. Roberto-Rojas Cessa, Committee Member Date Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NJIT Dr. Swades De, Committee Member Date Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NJIT
Changes in the nutritional value of breakfast cereals containing germinated spring grain flakes during storage

The aim of current research was to assess the nutritional value of breakfast cereals containing germinated spring grain flakes and its changes after 6 month storage. Three types of breakfast cereals were prepared and packaged in two types of Standup pouches Pap50g/Alu7/Pe60 (AL), Pap40g/PELD20/PE40 (PE). For the accelerated shelf life test the samples were stored at 35 2 -group vitamins, sugars, total phenol content and DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity were determined. Developed breakfast cereals have high nutritional value and all are high in fibre and thiamine. Additionally, sample S2 is source of protein, riboflavin, niacin, and S3 is source of riboflavin and high in niacin. Comparing total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of tested samples S3 showed the highest values. Storage and selected packaging influenced stability of nutrients, and for S1 and S2 AL showed better results whereas for S3 PE.
Gender and Media

Gender and media have been topics of academic interest for over half a century.Media production, content, and consumption have each given rise to vibrant fields of scholarly research on how to understand themin relation to gender. Specific epistemological and ontological viewpoints on understanding gender and its relation to media marks each of these fields. Theoretical and social developments now challenge the concepts of both gender and media. Specifically, digitization and globalization challenge theoretical concepts such as media consumption, the sex/gender dichotomy, and so on. Using three recent cases—SheDecides, the Gender Pay Gap, and #MeToo—as illustrations, current critical inquiries in the study of gender and media are scrutinized. First, the traditional categories in the study of media and gender—production, content, and consumption—are summarized, briefly explicating their major contributions to academic thought on gender and media. Second, the challenges posed by digitization and globalization are discussed.
Re-Irradiation for Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Primary Radical Therapy

Introduction: Loco-regional failures, recurrence or second primary after radiotherapy (RT) is a significant problem in head and neck cancer (HNC) and represent a challenge. Methods: 39 patients were referred to the Radiation Oncology Department, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil between 2007 to 2012 to have a second new course of RT (Re-RT) to a previous irradiated area in the head and neck. Results: Median age of patients was 53.8 (range, 31-74) years. Twenty four (61.5%) patients had surgery and Re-RT. The first radiation course dose ranged from 45 Gy to 72 Gy (median 60.0 Gy) and the median interval between the initial and second radiation course was 32 (range, 9-146) months. The median follow-up was 2.6 (range, 0.5-5.9) years. The 2- and 5-year actuarial OS, PFS and LC rates were 76.0%, 38.6%, 83.8%, 75.0%, 27.0% and 14.0%, respectively. Re-RT with IMRT when compared to other techniques showed PFS and LC advantages, p= 0.018 and p=0.019, respectively, confirmed by Cox regression multivariate - HR=6.08 (p= 0.020, 95% CI: 1.331- 27.767). Major toxicity occurred in 14 (35.9%) patients and eye observed no carotid artery blowout in this series. Conclusion: Re-RT should be offered for patients who are not suitable for surgery or for those with marginal resections, with a clear understanding that survival is poor and many of these patients will suffer severe radiation-related insults to their quality of life, during and after treatment.
Commentary: The Place of Labor in the History of Information-Technology Revolutions

As co-editor of this IRSH supplement “Uncovering Labour in Information Revolutions”, I have to begin this commentary with a confession. Before I entered the world of abstract knowledge production, commodification, and consumption known as academia, I was myself a worker in a world of much more concrete information processing: I was a computer programmer in the US from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, a time we might now consider the nostalgic heyday of desktop-office information technology (IT). In the spirit of full disclosure, before I leap into an analysis of how we might more broadly conceptualize information technology together with information labor in different historical contexts, I have decided to work through my own historical narrative a bit. After all, if historical practice teaches us nothing else, it teaches that each of us makes sense of the world through the lens of personal experience, leaving historians (among others) with the daunting task of interpreting, translating, and finding patterns of meaning in those experiences. Thus I offer this candid admission: “I was a teenage information worker! ”
Effects of postveraison water regime on the phenolic composition of grapes and wines of cv. Agiorgitiko ( Vitis vinifera L.)

Aims: Vine water deficit is widely accepted as a powerful means to control grape and wine attributes. However, quality improvement is often achieved at the expense of a reduction in yield, especially when water deficit conditions are applied during the preveraison period. The aim of the present work was to test an irrigation regime based on manipulating water availability from veraison to harvest, as a means to control berry and wine composition with minimum effect on reproductive growth parameters.Methods and results: A field trial was conducted during two consecutive years (2007-2008) in Nemea, Southern Greece. Three irrigation treatments were applied on seven-year-old, vertical shoot positioned and spur pruned Agiorgitiko vines (Vitis vinifera L.), from veraison through harvest : irrigation at 70 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (I70), irrigation at 30 % of ETc (I30) and non irrigated (NI). Irrigation amount produced significant differences in postveraison midday stem water potential pattern, especially during the drier year 2008. Yield was increased by irrigation in 2008, whereas berry growth was unaffected in both seasons. Berries of NI vines achieved higher total skin anthocyanin content in 2007, although individual anthocyanin levels were not affected by water regime. Irrigation effect on skin tannins was inconsistent but seed tannins were higher in I70 vines, with increased levels of catechin and epicatechin monomers. Among wine attributes, tannin concentration, but not anthocyanin, was mostly responsive to water deficit-induced changes in berry phenolic composition. The wines made from I70 grapes had a higher tannin content than those made from NI grapes.Conclusions: The results presented show that postveraison water regime had a significant effect on skin anthocyanins and, more markedly, on seed tannins, without altering berry growth parameters. Especially for seed tannins, this effect appears to predominate over variations in climatic conditions between years.Significance and impact of the study: This trial suggests that Agiorgitiko vines grown on the loamy soils of Nemea perform better under non irrigated conditions during the postveraison period since rainfed vines had improved phenolic composition (higher colour with lower contribution of seed tannins) without significant loss in productivity.
Approaches to the Management of Economics Efficiency in Business Informatics

This paper is devoted to issues connected with processes that can be used for management of economic efficiency of business informatics with the support of Business Intelligence. We analyze processes and create Reference management model for management of business informatics for management of business informatics and management of the business informatics economics. This reference model takes into account requirements on management of economic efficiency necessitated by accounting, requirements from consultancy with managers of companies, differences in the method of account of business informatics cost and profits. The model also takes into account requirement imposed by methodologies for management business informatics and methods and processes for evaluating and measuring business informatics. In the paper are described three processes from the reference model Main process for management of business informatics economics, Analysis of IS/ICT costs and IS/ICT costs planning. The paper provides answers to questions like “What processes can be used for efficient identification of costs and profits? ”, “Is there main process for management business informatics economics? If this process exists, is it possible to formalize it? ”, “In which way can be interconnected processes in business informatics economics management with processes in the company? ”. Finally is answered a questions “Is there any relationship between processes in management business informatics economics and processes in management economics within the company? ”.
Pelagic benthic coupling on the shelf of the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas-II. Benthic community structure

Benthic fauna abundance, biomass and diversity were investigated in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas to determine factors influencing faunal distribution in this polar region. The hypothesis tested whether sebmen t grain size and water mass charactenstics, such as organic carbon supply to the benthos and temperature, are regulating factors in benthic community structure. Benthic communities under the cold, highly productive (-250 to 300 g C m-2 yr-') Bering Shelf-Anadyr Water (BSAW) are dominated by a high biomass of amphipods (F. Ampeliscidae and F. Isaeidae) and bivalves (F. Nuculidae and F. T e l l ~ n ~ d a e ) . A diverse, low biomass fauna exists in benthic communities under the warmer, less productive (-50 g C m-' yr-l) Alaska Coastal Water (ACW), includ~ng amphipods (F. Isaeidae and F. Ampeliscidae), bivalves (F Tellinidae and F. Thyasiridae), polychaetes (F. Maldanidae and Nephtyidae), and sand dollars (F. Echinarachniidae). Faunal diversities are lowest for stations under BSAW, characterized by high food supply and moderately homogeneous (well-sorted), sandy sediments. Highest diversities occur at stations in ACW, which is characterized by low food supply and a more heterogeneous (poorly-sorted) mixture of silt and clay, sand and gravel sediments. Faunal diversity also increased to the north in the Chukchi Sea, where food availability in the bottom water and surface sediments was greater and more heterogeneous, finer-grain sediments occur. The findings indicate that sediment heterogeneity, silt and clay fractions, and temperature are major regulating factors on benthic community structure, with each positively influencing faunal diversity. Lower diversity was correlated to an increase in fine sand fractions. Food supply, both in the bottom water and surface sediments, has a more variable Influence on benthic community structure, although i t has a direct posit~ve influence on benthic biomass.
Advantage India: A Study of Competitive Position of Organized Retail Industry

Organised retail industry is one of the untapped industry sectors in India with huge growth potential. Indian retail sector mainly divided into unorganised and organised retail. Organizes retail has limited market share in this sector. Recently Government of India allowed FDI in single brand retailing and multi brand retail. Due to this decision it will create market opportunity to foreign big retail players to enter into Indian retail market. Organised retailing continues to be the least evolved industries in India and the growth of organized retailing in India much slower as compared to other Asian and European countries. The present paper discusses the competitive advantage of India for FDI in retail sector with the help of National diamond Model suggested by Michael Porter (1990) for competitive advantage of nation. The purpose of the study is to analyse the strategic competitive position of India for investment in retail sector and also analyses the world wide retail market opportunity as compared with Indian retail sector. Analysis of retail industry is done by using various market research reports on retail sector published by market research firm, government publication, and industry news and online resource. Michael Porter’s model on competitive advantage of nation is applied here with the help of secondary data and analysed the each determinants of competitiveness of nation. Some of determinant used for analysis from the report published by World Economic Forum. The findings of the study are point out that FDI in retail would undoubtedly enable Indian economy to boost at faster rate than current situation. There are various advantages to foreign retailer to enter into the Indian retail sector. Growth in disposal income and a change in the standard of living of Indian society create demand condition for retail. Absence of bigger organised retail players, largest demand and market size, availability of low cost labour, developing infrastructure, economy of scale and global sourcing are the key market potential indicators for foreign investor to invest in India. It is concluded that foreign direct investment in retail industry will create positive and favourable business opportunity for foreign retailers and all the determinant of competitiveness are positive for retail industry in India.
Serial Concatenated Codes Based on Iterative andNon-Iterative Decoding

This paper gives the design and implementation of iterative and non-iterative decoders of serially concatenated block and convolutional coding schemes. The maximum likelihood (ML) decoder is implemented by applying Viterbi algorithm to trellis of the code. The performance of non-iterative decoder has been improved by using soft input soft output (SISO) ML-decoder as inner decoder and soft decision decoder as output decoder. Iterative SISO ML decoding of product codes is implemented using Pyndiah’s iterative decoder. The log-maximum a posteriori (Log-MAP) decoder is used in iterative decoding of serially concatenated codes (SCCs). To assess the performance of iterative and non-iterative decoders, simulation results for serially concatenated codes transmitted over AWGN channel, with low SNRs (power limited channel like deep space communication channel), are presented. The simulation process includes studying the bit error rate (BER) performances of serially concatenated codes with different parameters like, code dimension, minimum Hamming distance of the outer code, number of trellis sections (for block codes), number of memories, free distance, and encoder type (for convolutional codes). The influence of these parameters on interleaving gain and bit error rate of iterative and non-iterative decoders is discussed. خلا ـ صلا ــــ ة تارفشملا لٌزمل قٌبطتلاو مٌمصتلا ةـلاقملا هذه ًطعت ( Decoders ) يراركتلا رٌغو يراركتلا نٌعونلا نم ةٌعطقملا تارفشملل ( (Block codes ةٌفافتللاا تارفشملاو ( Convolutional codes ) ةٌلسلستلا ةٌقصلاتل ( serially Concatenated codes ) . ظعلأا هباشتلا وذ رفشملا م ( ML-decoder ) ةٌمزراوخ لامعتساب هءانب مت دق Viterbi يرجشلا ططخملا لامعتساب كلذو ( Trellis ) لٌزم لامعتساب يراركتلا رٌغ رفشملا صئاصخ نٌسحت مت دق . ةرفشلل معانلا جرخلاو لخدلا يذ رفشملا ( Soft input soft output decoder ) . ًجراخ رفشمك معان لخد يذ رفشمو ًلخاد رفشمك معانلا جرخلاو لخدلا يذ يراركتلا رفشملا ءانب مت دق برضلا تارفشمل ( Product-codes ) رفشملا لامعتساب Pyndiah’s رفشملا لامعتسا مت دقل . Log-MAP لخدلا يذ ةقصلاتملا تارفشلل يراركتلا رفشملا ءانب ًف معانلا جرخلاو . ةٌلسلستلا ةلسرملا ةٌلسلستلا ةقصلاتملا تارفشملل ةاكاحم ةموظنم ءانب مت دقف يراركتلا رٌغو يراركتلا رفشملا ءادأ مٌقتل هٌسواك ةٌئاضوض ةعٌبط تاذ ةانق للاخ ( AWGN ) ءاضوضلا ىلإ هراشلاا هردق هبسنل هئطاو مٌق عم ( SNR ) ةانق( ضتت .)دٌعبلا ءاضفلا ةانق لثم ةردقلا ةدودحم ةٌئانثلا ماقرلأل أطخلا لدعم صئاصخل ةسارد ةاكاحملا جئاتن نم ( (Bit Asst. Prof. Maha George Zia Electrical Eng. Dept., College of Engineering Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq Asst. Lect. Samir Abd Al-Cathem Khother Electrical Eng. Dept., College of Engineering Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 10, No.1, March (2006) ISSN 1813-7822 49 error rate و ةرفشلا داعبأ لثم ةفلتخم لماوع عم ةٌلسلستلا ةقصلاتملا تارفشلل ( Minimum Hamming distance ) تارفشلل ةبسنلاب عطاقملا ددعو ةٌعطقملا ، ةرحلا ةفاسملاو تاركاذلا ددعو ( Free distance ) ا عونو رفشمل يراركتلا عونلا وذ تارفشملل أطخلا لدعمو رثعبملا حبر ىلع لماوعلا كلت رٌثأت هشقانم مت مث . ةٌفافتللاا تارفشلل ةبسنلاب . يراركتلا رٌغو
Consolidation of the energy sector, potential synergies, and realized shareholder value – survey and new insights from top managers’ perceptions

Synergies and resulting premiums are crucial for the success of mergers or acquisitions (M&A). Only few empirical studies upon synergies within the energy sector exist and these have partially been outdated ranging back to the 1980s. The following analysis, therefore, extends this field of research with two aspects: a new methodical component and geographical focus. The empirical, objective perspective is extended with an a supplamentary, subjective perpsective of top managers in energy firms. Moreover, the effects for Germany are analyzed. The investigation concludes that financial synergies are of minor importance for energy-related mergers. Scale and scope synergies as well as operational ones are of significance and manifest primarily in power generation and distribution functions. Subsequent synergy expectations are, however, supposed to differ from realized ones, due to the political nature of synergies, which is likely to have wealth reduction consequences for shareholders.
EFFECTS OF HEAT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN SHEEP

Sheep husbandry in tropical and sub-tropical regions tends to breed throughout the year, although the sexual activity is restricted to a certain extent to the summer months. In such areas, a high ambient temperature is the major constraint on animal productivity. This effect is aggravated when heat stress is accompanied by high ambient humidity. Exposure of sheep to elevated temperatures results in a decrease of body weight, average daily gain, growth rate and body total solids. The possible mechanisms involved in inducing the biological changes in heat-stressed sheep could have definite applications. Growth in young animals, the increase in live body weight, is controlled genetically and environmentally. The available nutrients, hormones and enzymes, as well as, elevated ambient temperatures are considered as some of the environmental factors that can influence daily gain. During the early stage of embryonic life, the total cell number and placentome size were greatly reduced and the cell size only slightly decreased by exposure to warm temperatures, compared to thermo-neutral temperatures. This occurred at the time of examining aspects of placental protein and energy metabolism of pregnant ewes during middle and late gestation. The effect of heat is aggravated when heat stress is accompanied with high ambient humidity.