Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of ammonia in European air quality with changing land and ship emissions between 1990 and 2030

Abstract. The focus of this modeling study is on the role of ammonia in European air quality in the past as well as in the future. Ammonia emissions have not decreased as much as the other secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) precursors – nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) – since the 1990s and are still posing problems for air quality and the environment. In this study, air quality simulations were performed with a regional chemical transport model at decadal intervals between 1990 and 2030 to understand the changes in the chemical species associated with SIA under varying land and ship emissions. We analyzed the changes in air concentrations of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, particulate nitrate and sulfate as well as changes in the dry and wet deposition of ammonia and ammonium. The results show that the approximately 40 % decrease in SIA concentrations between 1990 and 2010 was mainly due to reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions. The ammonia concentrations on the other hand decreased only near the high-emission areas such as the Netherlands and northern Italy by about 30 %, while there was a slight increase in other parts of Europe. Larger changes in concentrations occurred mostly during the first period (1990–2000). The model results indicate a transition period after 2000 for the composition of secondary inorganic aerosols due to a larger decrease in sulfate concentrations than nitrate. Changes between 2010 and 2030 – assuming the current legislation (CLE) scenario – are predicted to be smaller than those achieved earlier for all species analyzed in this study. The scenario simulations suggest that if ship emissions will be regulated more strictly in the future, SIA formation will decrease especially around the Benelux area, North Sea, Baltic Sea, English Channel and the Mediterranean region, leaving more ammonia in the gas phase, which would lead to an increase in dry deposition. In the north of the domain, the decrease in SIA would be mainly due to reduced formation of particulate nitrate, while the change around the Mediterranean would be caused mainly by decreased sulfate aerosol concentrations. One should also keep in mind that potentially higher temperatures in the future might increase the evaporation of ammonium nitrate to form its gaseous components NH3 and HNO3. Sensitivity tests with reduced NOx and NH3 emissions indicate a shift in the sensitivity of aerosol formation from NH3 towards NOx emissions between 1990 and 2030 in most of Europe except the eastern part of the model domain.
Imaginação, memórias e sentimentos de background: a catarse de um Universo Paralelo

this work aims to analyze how the creative process in our mind connects artistic making, memories and affection involved in a family relationship, culminating in a series of paintings that make up the collection of Argentine artist Alejandro Pasquale and his series of paintings entitled Parallel Universe. The emphasis in analysis is on the role of imagination and background feelings, not linked to specific emotions, in this process. The theoretical framework includes approaches related to the neural bases of creativity in Abraham (2016), the creative process in Csikszentmihalyi (2008), the evocation of memories in Izquierdo (2002) and Halbwachs (2003), in addition to Bachelard's poetic spaces (1993), among others. The article seeks to contribute to the study of understanding how the creative process can serve as a catharsis and be fundamental in the healing process in a situation of mourning experienced by an artist.
Increasing Consumer Engagement on Social Networks: Social Media Influencer’s Followers ‘Like’ to See a Face in a Post

Purpose – The purpose of the study was to test whether Instagram influencers can affect followers’ engagement using a simple modification to an Instagram post content. Design/Methodology/Approach – The study focused on the posts sampled from Croatian Instagram SMIs with more than ten thousand followers. Ten posts from each SMI were analysed for both low engagement, i.e. the number of likes, and high engagement, i.e. the number of comments, along with information on whether a face and other features of an SMI features were shown in a post. Findings and implications – Human face in a post increases engagement, but only the lower type (i.e. the number of likes a post receives), even when the effect of the number of followers is statistically controlled for. A higher type of engagement (i.e. the number of comments) is not affected by the presence of a face in a post. Limitations – A lack of formal operationalization of SMIs leads to a more conservative sample of only those SMIs with more than ten thousand followers. The content Matia Torbarinaa, Lara Jelencb, Ivana Brkljačićc a University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000, Rijeka, CROATIA, e-mail: matia.torbarina@efri.hr b University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000, Rijeka, CROATIA, e-mail: lara.jelenc@efri.hr c University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000, Rijeka, CROATIA, e-mail: ivanabrkljacic2705@gmail.com Market-Tržište Vol. 32, Special Issue, 2020, pp. 67-81 UDK 658.89:004.738. 5:316.772. 3 DOI http://dx.doi. org/10.22598/mt/2020.32. spec-issue.67 Preliminary communication INCREASING CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT ON SOCIAL NETWORKS: SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCER’S FOLLOWERS ‘LIKE’ TO SEE A FACE IN A POST POVEĆANJE UKLJUČENOSTI POTROŠAČA NA DRUŠTVENIM MREŽAMA: PRATITELJIMA UTJECAJNIH OSOBA ‘SVIĐA SE’ VIDJETI LICE U OBJAVI
Research on Lung Nodule Detection Based on Improved Target Detection Network

Lung nodules are an early symptom of lung cancer. The earlier they are found, the more beneficial it is for treatment. However, in practice, Chinese doctors are likely to cause misdiagnosis. Therefore, deep learning is introduced, an improved target detection network is used, and public datasets are used to diagnose and identify lung nodules. This paper selects the Mask-RCNN network and uses the dense block structure of Densenet and the channel shuffle convolution method to improve the Mask-RCNN network. The experimental results prove that proposed algorithm is extremely effective.
The Impact of an Action Civics Program on the Community & Political Engagement of Youth

Abstract This study present findings related to students’ community and political engagement and activism after participation in an action civics institute. The institute, iEngage, is a weeklong summer experience for rising fifth through rising ninth graders that utilizes the action civics inquiry cycle to foster civic skills and cultivate participation and engagement in one’s community. Through this 4-year longitudinal quantitative study, researchers evaluated youth participants’ abilities, competencies, and experiences related to three civic constructs: community engagement, political engagement, and political activism. Results from the study show effective increases in students’ participation within each of the three respective constructs and provide promising alternatives to the conventional teaching and learning of civics education.
El extractivismo de las algas pardas en el norte de Chile

Abstract: The extractivism of brown algae in northern Chile The extraction and collection of brown algae (huiros) showed an exponential increase in the early 2000s. This fishery is transformed into extractive due to the international demand for raw material for the production of alginate (a product widely used in the textile and food industries). Its analysis in terms of global value chain and extractivist logic highlights recurring aspects of these forms of appropriation of capitalist value: exploitation in cycles of abrupt rise and fall, environmental and socio-labour degradation, hierarchies and inequalities. It also shows other apparently more heterodox aspects such as the management of a natural resource participated by the collectors and the role of the state, or the relative isolation and the reduced size of the places where it is collected. Thus, this industry is a relevant case to delve into the complex dynamics of extractivism, especially in aspects of governance as a policy of co-management of artisanal resources on the coast of Chile. Resumen La extraccion y recoleccion de algas pardas (huiros) muestran un incremento exponencial a principios de los anos 2000. Esta pesqueria de recoleccion se transforma en una pesqueria extractiva debido a la demanda internacional de materia prima para la produccion de alginato (producto de amplio uso en las industrias textil y alimentaria). Su analisis en terminos de cadena global de valor y logica extractivista ilumina aspectos recurrentes de estas formas de apropiacion del valor capitalista: la explotacion en ciclos de alza abrupta y caida, la degradacion ambiental y socio-laboral, las jerarquias y las desigualdades. Ademas muestra otros aspectos en apariencia mas heterodoxos como la gestion de un recurso natural participado por los recolectores y el rol del Estado, o el aislamiento relativo y el tamano reducido de los lugares donde se recolecta. Por tanto, esta industria es un caso relevante para profundizar en las complejas dinamicas del extractivismo, especialmente en aspectos de la gobernanza como la politica de co-manejo de recursos artesanales en la costa de Chile.
Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100

Anthropogenic activity is changing Earth's climate and ecosystems in ways that are potentially dangerous and disruptive to humans. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere continue to rise, ensuring that these changes will be felt for centuries beyond 2100, the current benchmark for projection. Estimating the effects of past, current, and potential future emissions to only 2100 is therefore short‐sighted. Critical problems for food production and climate‐forced human migration are projected to arise well before 2100, raising questions regarding the habitability of some regions of the Earth after the turn of the century. To highlight the need for more distant horizon scanning, we model climate change to 2500 under a suite of emission scenarios and quantify associated projections of crop viability and heat stress. Together, our projections show global climate impacts increase significantly after 2100 without rapid mitigation. As a result, we argue that projections of climate and its effects on human well‐being and associated governance and policy must be framed beyond 2100.
Superwomen? Young sporting women, temporality and learning not to be perfect

New forms of neoliberal femininity create demanding horizons of expectation for young women. For talented athletes, these pressures are intensified by the establishment of dual-career discourses that construct the combination of high-performance sport and education as a normative, ‘ideal’ pathway. The pressed time perspective inherent in dual-careers requires athletes to employ a variety of time-related skills, especially for young women who aim to live up to ‘superwoman’ ideals that valorise ‘success’ in all walks of life. Drawing on existential phenomenology, and in-depth interviews with 10 talented Finnish sportswomen (aged 19–22), we explored their experiences of lived time when pursuing dual-careers in upper secondary sport schools. Exploring participants’ bodily experiences of inhabiting the achievement life-world, we analyse how these sportswomen either learned ways of living up to this ambitious script or came to understand the detrimental effects of the script, necessitating other ways of being. For those who experience a disjuncture between the ‘perfect’ and their embodied experience, self-care practices are needed to restore life-world harmony, and orient to alternative futures.
Humic Acid Uptake from Aqueous Media Using Hydrotalcites and Modified Montmorillonite

Humic acid occurs in waters naturally. Humic acid gives its characteristic yellowish to brownish colour to water making it unaesthetic. In this study, synthetic hydrotalcite, hydrotalcite-like compounds, calcined hydrotalcites and modified forms of Montmorillonite were used to remove humic acid from water. The results indicated that surfactant treated Montmorillonite was more effective than other forms of modified Montmorillonite. In the case of hydrotalcites, hydrotalcite-like compounds removed more humic acid than synthetic hydrotalcite. Surfactant treated Montmorillonite, however, was found to be a better adsorbent when compared to other clay samples.
Simulation and analysis of thermochemical seasonal solar energy storage for district heating applications in China

Thermochemical energy storage, a promising candidate for seasonal solar thermal energy storage, offers an economic solution to mitigate the use of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions due to its large storage density and almost zero‐loss long‐term storage. The present article explored the potential of the thermochemical seasonal energy storage system using MgO/Mg(OH)2 system for solar district heating applications in China. The solar district heating model with thermochemical seasonal energy storage system, including the parabolic trough solar collector and a chemical reactor, has been built. The dynamic charging/discharging performance of the seasonal solar thermal energy storage system has been simulated and analyzed by using the real weather data and the practical domestic heating demand. The optimal parameters of the equipment have been identified. And the comparison of the performances between thermochemical seasonal energy storage system and the conventionally used water storage tank system has been carried out for various areas of China. The results indicate that the stored thermochemical energy is able to contribute 94.6% of heating demand in the discharging stage, demonstrating the application potential of MgO/Mg(OH)2 thermochemical energy storage system in China. The needed solar collector areas of the seasonal thermochemical energy storage system decrease by up to 2/3 compared with those of a water storage tank system in the condition of the similar storage system volume. The advantage of seasonal thermochemical energy storage is more obvious for the case of region with abundant solar energy supply.
Surface structure of YBa2Cu3O7−x probed by reversed‐bias scanning tunneling microscopy

We report the results of scanning tunneling microscopy studies on high‐quality single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) which were cleaved along a basal plane in situ at 20 K prior to measurement. The initial results of a systematic study of the YBCO surface are presented. Reversed‐bias images of the CuO chain layer reveal modulations 3.3±0.3‖b‖=1.3±0.1 nm in wavelength which change phase by 180° under bias polarity reversal along solid chains, and are invariant under bias polarity reversal at a point defect. Regions of sharp unit‐cell‐sized square corrugations with disordered islands are also observed. We interpret these new results in terms of our previous model [H. L. Edwards, J. T. Markert, and A. L. de Lozanne, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2967 (1992)] of the cleaved YBCO surface.
Derivation of Shortwave Radiometric Adjustments for SNPP and NOAA-20 VIIRS for the NASA MODIS-VIIRS Continuity Cloud Products

Climate studies, including trend detection and other time series analyses, necessarily require stable, well-characterized and long-term data records. For satellite-based geophysical retrieval datasets, such data records often involve merging the observational records of multiple similar, though not identical, instruments. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) cloud mask (CLDMSK) and cloud-top and optical properties (CLDPROP) products are designed to bridge the observational records of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the joint NASA/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite and NOAA’s new generation of operational polar-orbiting weather platforms (NOAA-20+). Early implementations of the CLDPROP algorithms on Aqua MODIS and SNPP VIIRS suffered from large intersensor biases in cloud optical properties that were traced back to relative radiometric inconsistency in analogous shortwave channels on both imagers, with VIIRS generally observing brighter top-of-atmosphere spectral reflectance than MODIS (e.g., up to 5% brighter in the 0.67 µm channel). Radiometric adjustment factors for the SNPP and NOAA-20 VIIRS shortwave channels used in the cloud optical property retrievals are derived from an extensive analysis of the overlapping observational records with Aqua MODIS, specifically for homogenous maritime liquid water cloud scenes for which the viewing/solar geometry of MODIS and VIIRS match. Application of these adjustment factors to the VIIRS L1B prior to ingestion into the CLDMSK and CLDPROP algorithms yields improved intersensor agreement, particularly for cloud optical properties.
BurstBiRank: Co-Ranking Developers and Projects in GitHub with Complex Network Structures and Bursty Interactions

With the wide adoption of social collaborative coding, more and more developers participate and collaborate on platforms such as GitHub through rich social and technical relationships, forming a large-scale complex technical system. Like the functionalities of critical nodes in other complex systems, influential developers and projects usually play an important role in driving this technical system to more optimized states with higher efficiency for software development, which makes it a meaningful research direction on identifying influential developers and projects in social collaborative coding platforms. However, traditional ranking methods seldom take into account the continuous interactions and the driving forces of human dynamics. In this paper, we combine the bursty interactions and the bipartite network structure between developers and projects and propose the BurstBiRank model. Firstly, the burstiness between each pair of developers and projects is calculated. Secondly, a weighted developer-project bipartite network is constructed using the burstiness as weight. Finally, an iterative score diffusion process is applied to this bipartite network and a final ranking score is obtained at the stationary state. The real-world case study on GitHub demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed BurstBiRank and the outperformance of traditional ranking methods.
Smartphone Addiction: Its Relationships to Personality Traits and Types of Smartphone Use

Studies found that smartphone addiction is relevant to the personality of smartphone users, especially the extroverts and introverts. However, the findings of the associations between extroverts/introverts and smartphone addiction are not consistent, and it is suggested that the inconsistency results can be relevant to the types of smartphone use. Accordingly, this study adopts the use and gratification theory as a framework to examine the relationships among extroverts/introverts, smartphone addiction, and the types of smartphone use, and the mediating effect of the types of smartphone use in the relationships between extroverts/introverts and smartphone addiction. Three hundred eighteen undergraduates were recruited to fill in a questionnaire using the purposive sampling method. Results show that both introverts and extroverts are associated with smartphone addiction. However, introverts are more likely to use smartphones for process usage but extroverts for social usage. In addition, process usage but not social usage is positively associated with smartphone addiction. Moreover, only process usage is the statistical mediator for the effects of introverts on smartphone addiction. The findings indicate that intervention programs can be developed to provide more alternative activities to reduce the dependence on smartphones among introverts to gratify their process needs.
Polysulfide Shuttle Study in the Li/S Battery System

This work reports a quantitative analysis of the shuttle phenomenon in Li/S rechargeable batteries. The work encompasses theoretical models of the charge process, charge and discharge capacity, overcharge protection, thermal effects, self-discharge, and a comparison of simulated and experimental data. The work focused on the features of polysulfide chemistry and polysulfide interaction with the Li anode, a quantitative description of these phenomena, and their application to the development of a high-energy rechargeable battery. The objective is to present experimental evidence that self-discharge, charge-discharge efficiency, charge profile, and overcharge protection are all facets of the same phenomenon.
Event-triggered distributed filtering for Markov jump systems over sensor networks

This article deals with the distributed filtering problem for a class of discrete-time Markov jump systems over sensor networks. First, in the distributed filtering network, each local filter simultaneously fuses the estimation and measurement from itself and neighboring nodes to achieve the system state estimation. And each sensor intelligent node is embedded with an event-triggered sampling mechanism, which can reduce the computation load or saving limited network bandwidth. Then, we use Bernoulli stochastic variables to describe whether the filtering network can successfully receive the system jump modes. Next, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, we design a distributed filter dependent on partial system modes, which has the exponential stability in mean square and H ∞ performance. Finally, all desired estimator parameters can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the distributed H ∞ filtering design approach.
Health and social care workers’ quality of working life and coping while working during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Analysis of positive coping and work-related quality of life as resilience and protective factors impacting on wellbeing.

Background Lower respiratory infections are amongst the top causes of death globally. In early 2020, COVID-19 was designated as a pandemic and despite our experience of pandemics (e.g., SARS), there is limited research about how health and social care staff cope with the challenges of caring for patients while potentially putting their own health at risk. The current study therefore examined the impact of providing health and social care during COVID-19 on nurses, midwives, AHPs, social care workers and social workers. Methods An online survey using validated scales and open-ended questions was used to collect data from health and social care staff from across the UK in May and June 2020. Questions focused on the quality of working life, coping and mental wellbeing. The survey also captured information on how health and social care employers had supported staff and lessons learned for future pandemics and for ongoing health and social care provision. Results The survey received 3,290 responses, mostly from social care workers and social workers, with lower response rates from nurses, midwives and AHPs. A multiple regression analysis showed that individuals using positive coping strategies, particularly active coping, emotional support, relaxation and exercise, had higher wellbeing scores. Lower wellbeing scores were associated with disengagement and substance use as coping strategies. Better quality of working life was associated with active coping, emotional support, work family segmentation and relaxation. Participants using disengagement and family work segmentation had lower quality of working life. No differences were observed between occupational groups. Implications Positive coping strategies seem to be playing a significant role in health and social care workers’ wellbeing and quality of working life and interventions may be needed to support those who are struggling to cope. These could take the form of employer-organised workshops to better equip staff with positive coping skills.