Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging diagnostic approaches for evaluation of fetal and pregnancy well-being in the mare.

Placental insufficiency is regarded as the primary factor contributing to late-term abortion, pre-term delivery and perinatal death of foals. Often when problems associated with late-term pregnancy in the horse manifest the condition is well advanced and therapeutic intervention may not be effective in rescuing the pregnancy. If a compromised pregnancy could be identified early, the pregnancy might be sustained through appropriate medical intervention. The challenge is determining the most effective diagnostic approach that will correctly assess the status of the pregnancy and the uterine environment. It is highly unlikely that any one test will serve this purpose; rather a combination of diagnostic approaches may be necessary to accurately assess the well-being of the pregnancy and the fetus. As in human pregnancy, the most common cause of later term pregnancy loss and pre-term delivery is associated with some form of placental insult or deficiency which places the pregnancy at “high risk”. Thus, this review will focus on current diagnostic approaches (i.e., endocrine markers, transabdominal/transrectal ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound) utilized in equine medicine and also describe emerging techniques in human medicine (i.e, protein biomarkers in amniotic or cervico-vaginal fluids, bioluminescence imaging technology) that could be applied to the mare to identify “at risk” pregnancies.
Predetermined Energy Delivery as an Endpoint for Radiofrequency Skin Tightening

Introduction: Clinicians have been advised to perform radiofrequency (RF) skin tightening by observing subjective parameters such as the number of passes or superficial edema or tissue elevation to determine endpoints in treatment. Common to these techniques is the difficulty in reproducing the endpoint and the lack of consistency both during treatment and with subsequent treatments. This study was initiated to investigate whether total delivered energy to a given cosmetic unit is a reliable parameter for reproducing treatments in the same individual and whether it could be used as a parameter to predict results. Materials and Methods: Five patients who desired skin tightening of cosmetic units involving the face and body were treated with a novel RF delivery device in which the endpoint of treatment was predetermined at a given energy level measured in kilojoules. At the end of 5 treatments, a comparison of treatment endpoints and patient self-evaluation, as well as evaluation of photographic results by a nontreating physician were correlated. Results: Using a preselected delivery of total energy per cosmetic unit, 5 patients received a total of 5 treatment sessions each. When clinical results did not meet expectations, the total energy levels were increased at the next treatment session. All patients reported relative comfort during the treatments. No topical or regional anesthesia was used. Patient satisfaction was reported at 80%. Patients evaluated their own outcomes at slightly less than 50% improvement, and a nontreating physician evaluated outcome based on clinical photography at 50%. Conclusions: A system of quantitation for the delivery of RF to promote skin tightening is presented. Predetermined energy delivery is a reproducible variable with which to compare subsequent treatments as well as a method for adjusting RF delivery in subsequent treatment sessions in an attempt to produce optimal results. Patient impressions as well as evaluation by a nontreating physician were recorded and found to be in agreement concerning the efficacy of treatment.
4-[Tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenol

The title compound, C16H14N6O, was prepared by the condensation of 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol and sodium pyrazol-1-ide in a yield of 58%. The dihedral angles formed by the planes of the pyrazole rings are 50.7 (2), 71.2 (3) and 95.8 (2)°. The molecules are associated into dimers by pairs of intermolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the hydroxy groups and pyrazole N atoms. In addition, π–π stacking between the phenol rings of these inversion-related dimers is observed, with a ring centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.9247 (10) Å.
2-Phenoxyacetohydrazide

In the title compound, C8H10N2O2, the acetohydrazide group is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.028 Å. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into infinite sheets lying parallel to (001). The acetohydrazide O atom accepts two N—H⋯O links and one C—H⋯O link.
Fuzzy Expert System Tools

From the Publisher: Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical structure for representing uncertainty. Modern intelligent systems must combine knowledge based on techniques for gathering and processing information with methods of approximate reasoning. This enables an intelligent system to better emulate human decision-making in uncertain environments. Complimentary to the text is a software package containing executable FEST code. The text contains a detailed description of FEST and its coherent and systematic exploitation.
Global and regional hearing impairment prevalence

Hearing impairment is a leading cause of disease burden, yet studies of its prevalence are rare. We present estimates of the global prevalence of hearing impairment generated for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. We estimated that 1.2% (0.8%-1.8%) of children under age 15, 9.8% (7.7%-13.2%) of females over age 15, and 12.2%(9.7%-16.2%) of males over age 15 experienced moderate or worse hearing impairment in 2008 (defined as a hearing level of 35 decibels or more). We found very high prevalences of adult hearing impairment in low-income regions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and in South and Southeast Asia; childhood onset of hearing impairment was also higher in these regions that other regions. While hearing aid use reduces the burden of hearing impairment in high-income regions, there is little evidence of their use in the developing countries where the burden of hearing impairment is greatest. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
A SURVEY ON THE RELATION OF DIETARY HABITS TO ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES

Background & Aim: Today cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death. They constitute an important part of care costs every year. Considering the role of life style such as dietary habits in causing cardiovascular diseases, this survey was carried out to determine the relationship between eating habits and ischemic heart diseases in the patients of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan. Patients & Method: This case-control study was performed on two groups of 200 ischemic heart patients and 200 non-ischemic patients in Kashan. Data were collected by a questionnaire including variables such as age, sex, job, education, place of living, marital status, the kind of fat and meat they used, overeating, using sugary and starchy foods, and the intake of salt, fat, fruit, vegetables, tea, coffee, alcohol and dairy products. The collected data was analyzed by EP15 program and X 2 test. Results: The study covered 400 cases including 200 ischemic and 200 non-ischemic patients. 70 cases (35%) were over the age of 66, 121 cases(60.7%) were male, 174 cases(87%) were married, 124 cases(62%) were illiterate, and 136 cases(68%) were living in Kashan city. The findings showed a meaningful relation between using salty food and ischemic heart involvement(P<0.0001). Also, the usage of fatty food and the above-mentioned disease were related meaningfully(P<0.0003). The relation between the intake of fruit, vegetables, dairy products, and starch and ischemic heart disease was meaningful too(P<0.001). In addition, we noticed a meaningful relation between meat and nuts intake and heart failure(P<0.00001). Ischemic patients used alcohol more than non-ischemic ones, a fact which indicates a meaningful relation between alcohol intake and heart involvement(P<0.02). Smoking and the prevalence of ischemic heart disease seemed to be meaningfully related(P<0.04). However, the findings did not reveal a meaningful relationship between the kind of fat and butter, overeating, tea, and coffee and ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: Considering the role of diet in causing ischemic heart diseases, it is advisable that people be encouraged to use more fruit, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, and white meat and avoid consuming extra salt, fat, red meat, and also alcohol.
(5S)-3-Chloro-4-(2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-5-[(1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyloxy]furan-2(5H)-one

The title compound, C18H26ClNO3, was obtained via a tandem asymmetric Michael addition–elimination reaction of 3,4-dichloro-5-(S)-(l-menthyloxy)furan-2(5H)-one and 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole in the presence of potassium fluoride. In the molecule, the nearly planar dihydropyrrole ring [maximum atomic deviation = 0.019 (3) Å] is oriented at a dihedral angle of 10.73 (8)° to the the nearly planar furanone ring [maximum atomic deviation = 0.011 (2) Å]; the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked via weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular chains running along the b axis.
Valeurs de l'échoendoscopie et de la scintigraphie des récepteurs de la somatostatine dans la localisation pré-opératoire des insulinomes et gastrinomes.

Malades et méthodes — Cette étude rétrospective portait sur 54 malades opérés d’insulinome (n = 29) ou de gastrinome (n = 26) entre mars 1991 et mars 2000 et qui ont eu au moins un des 2 examens testés. Quarante-deux malades ont eu une scintigraphie (17 avec insulinome, 25 avec gastrinome) et 47 une échoendoscopie (28 avec insulinome, 19 gastrinome). Un des 10 malades atteints de NEM 1 avait les deux types de tumeurs. Tous les diagnostics ont été confirmés à l’examen histologique.
Influência da ordem de execução de exercícios resistidos na hipotensão pós-exercício em idosos hipertensos

Existem evidencias de que exercicios resistidos contribuem para o controle de hipertensao arterial sistemica, porem, sao necessarios estudos que indiquem a melhor forma de utiliza-los. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influencia da ordem de execucao de exercicios resistidos na hipotensao pos-exercicio em idosos com hipertensao arterial bem controlada. A amostra foi composta por oito idosos com hipertensao arterial sistemica bem controlada (quatro homens e quatro mulheres). No protocolo 1 (P1) foram realizados inicialmente tres exercicios para membros superiores e, posteriormente, tres exercicios para membros inferiores. No protocolo 2 (P2) a sequencia foi inversa. Ja no protocolo 3 (P3) os exercicios foram realizados de forma alternada. Todos os exercicios foram realizados em tres series de 12 RM. Apos cada protocolo a pressao arterial (PA) foi verificada em intervalos de 10 minutos, ate 60 minutos pos-exercicio. Os dados obtidos foram analisados atraves da ANOVA de fator duplo e fator unico com post-hoc de Tukey e teste t de Student pareado com distribuicao bicaudal (p < 0,05). Em relacao ao repouso, as seis verificacoes de PA pos-exercicio de P1 nao apresentaram diferencas significativas; no P2 foram significantemente diferentes apenas as verificacoes de 20 e 40 minutos na PAS; no P3 foram observadas diferencas significativas em todas as seis verificacoes da PAS e nas de 10, 20, 30 e 60 minutos da PAD. A verificacao de 20 minutos na PAD do P3 demonstrou-se significantemente diferente das de 20 minutos de P1 e P2. Conclui-se que a ordem de realizacao de exercicios resistidos em idosos com hipertensao arterial bem controlada influenciou na duracao da resposta hipotensiva, mas nao diretamente em sua magnitude.
A Role for Platelets in Normal Pregnancy

Normal haemostasis is a complex equilibrium involving a balance between blood-borne procoagulant proteins, the natural anticoagulation system and the fibrinolytic system. Normal human pregnancy is associated with profound alterations to the haemostatic balance wherein the pro-coagulant effects become dominant. A marked progressive increase in the concentra‐ tion of pro-coagulant proteins (Factors VII, VIII, X, Von Willebrand factor, Fibrinogen) is observed in blood plasma at all stages of pregnancy. These changes coincide with decreases in natural anticoagulants and lower levels of natural fibrinolytic agents and are more pro‐ nounced in the uteroplacental circulation than in the systemic circulation during pregnancy [7]. In parallel, markers of platelet activation are markedly elevated throughout normal pregnancy suggestive of a functional role for platelet activation during normal gestation.
Intestinal Parasites In Shelter Dogs And Risk Factors Associated With The Facility And Its Management.

In the framework of a health-care program applied in different canine rescue shelters in Barcelona – Catalonia, North-Eastern Spain, detection of intestinal parasites and risk factors associated with the facility and its management were evaluated in order to improve the effectiveness of control strategies. For that purpose, 544 canine fresh stool samples were collected. The overall prevalence was 61.8% and Giardia spp. was the most frequent parasite detected. Our results showed that factors that would play an important role in reducing parasite prevalence in shelters were, as regards the facility, the use of non-porous material or adequate drainage systems and with respect to the management, the use of appropriate disinfectant. Thus, a coprological examination should be performed periodically in the shelter in order to know which parasites are present, and then, which suitable disinfectant and de-worming treatment should be employed. This information could be useful in guiding decisions about shelter healthcare programmes and control strategies against parasite infection.
Resting Oxygen Uptake in Coronary Artery Disease: Influence of Chronic β-Blockade

�3-Blocking agents competitively inhibit f3-receptor agonists throughout the body. The effects of�3-b1ockers on reducing heart rate and blood pressure at rest and during exercise have been widely reported. However, f3-blockers also produce adverse effects on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. �7 In addition, �3-blockers are associated with adverse central nervous system side effects, such as fatigue, depression, impotence, and annoying dreams. Cardiac patients taking �3-b1ockers not uncommonly attribute a loss of vigor to these drugs. We measured V02 at rest in groups ofpatients with CAD to determine whether �3-blockade influences the resting metabolic rate. METHODS Subjects Our study population consisted of 182 male patients with documented CAD who were enrolled in a phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation program. The subjects were divided into two groups according to whether they took �-bloddng agents. The �3-blocker group cornprised 113 patients who had been treated with a wide range of stable doses of f3-blockers (propranolol, atenolol, nadolol, metoprolol, and timolol) for at least 4 months. The remaining 69 subjects did not take �3-blockers and served as a comparison group (control subjects). Characteristics of these two groups are shown in Table 1. The two groups did not differ signfficantly in the frequency of other antianginal, antihypertensive, orantiarrhythrnicagents taken. Nineteen subjects in the �3-blocker group were re-evaluated 3 to 6 months after their �-blockertherapywas discontinued. The decision to stop n-blockade in these 19 cases was made independent of this study by each patient’s physician.
A REVIEW OF CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS IN BULGARIA

Bone undergoes a continuous remodeling process involving resorption and formation. Any process that disrupts this balance by increasing resorption relative to formation may results in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is defined as abnormal loss of bone predisposing to fractures. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and loss of the structural and biomechanical properties that are required to maintain bone homeostasis. This review aims to enlighten the current trends in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in Bulgaria. Recent studies suggest potential role of physical exercises in prevention and management of osteoporosis. Management of osteoporosis includes non-pharmacological treatment - diet rich of calcium and vitamin D, healthy lifestyle, proper exercise plan, and pharmacological therapy. Combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options have to be considered for prevention of osteoporosis and minimization of the risk of fractures. More randomized control trial should be done using variable combined methods of treatment.
Opioid Use and Tobacco Smoking in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases

Background: Rheumatic diseases are chronic diseases, which may be associated with severe and debilitating pain. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of tobacco and opioid use among rheumatic patients. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1042 patients referred to a major rheumatology clinic of Kerman city, in south east of Iran, were interviewed. Patients were divided into seven groups of disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (330 persons) osteoarthritis (313 persons), systemic lupus erythematosus (149 persons), back pain (146 persons), spondyloarthropathies (62 persons), Behcet’s disease (25 persons), and scleroderma (17 persons). The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, disease-related variables (e.g. duration of disease), the severity of pain on the VAS scale and use of opioids and tobacco based on self-reporting. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.3 ± 15.0 years and mean disease duration in the whole sample was 7.1 ± 5.1 years. Opium consumption was reported by 104 persons (9.9%), codeine, by 185 persons (17.7%), cigarette smoking by 49 persons (4.7%) and waterpipe smoking by 34 persons (3.3%). Conclusions: In this study, codeine consumption is the most frequently used substance. The consumption of opium is not much different from the general population. Also, the rate of cigarette and waterpipe smoking was less than that in the general population. The prevalence of opium use and tobacco smoking was higher in men than in women. There was no significant relationship between type of rheumatic diseases, disease-related variables, and substance use.
2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-pentyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole

The title compound, C27H28N2O, is a lophine (2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole) derivative with an n-pentyl chain on the amine N atom and a 4-methoxy substituent on the benzene ring. The two phenyl and methoxybenzene rings are inclined to the imidazole ring at angles of 25.32 (7), 76.79 (5) and 35.42 (7)°, respectively, while the methoxy substituent lies close to the plane of its benzene ring, with a maximum deviation of 0.126 (3) Å for the methoxy C atom. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(22) loops. These dimers are stacked along the a-axis direction.
5,5′,6,6′-Tetramethyl-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazine

In the title compound, C10H12N6, the two 5,6-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazine halves of the molecule are related by a centre of symmetry. The two triazine rings are coplanar to within a maximum deviation of 0.013 (2) Å from the mean plane of the ring atoms. In the crystal, molecules form layers parallel to the (100) crystallographic plane. Adjacent layers are held together via a C—H⋯π interaction involving molecules related by an a-glide plane.
Osteoporose – was tun bei akuter Querschnittlähmung?

Zusammenfassung Die Querschnittlähmung ist ein hochgradiger Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer Osteoporose mit gehäuft pathologischen Frakturen der unteren Extremitäten. Bereits in der Akutphase der Lähmung sollte eine Basisdiagnostik durchgeführt werden, um eine unerkannte Osteoporose zu entdecken sowie Ausgangswerte für den weiteren Verlauf zu erhalten. Die Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgruppe Osteoporose der DMGP wurden in Anlehnung an die DVO-Leitlinie “Prophylaxe, Diag-nostik und Therapie der Osteoporose bei Männern ab dem 60. Lebensjahr und bei postmenopausalen Frauen” erarbeitet. Die DXA-Messung und die Bestimmung des Basislabors wird innerhalb von sechs bis acht Wochen nach Lähmungseintritt empfohlen. Als Schwellenwert zur Einleitung der spezifi-schen medikamentösen Osteoporosetherapie bei rollstuhlpflichtiger Querschnittlähmung wird ein T-Score von minus 2,0 oder darunter empfohlen, unabhängig von Alter und Geschlecht. Vitamin D3 und Kalzium sollten unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen substituiert werden, jedenfalls ab einem T-Wert von minus 1,0 oder darunter. Die Osteoporose -therapie bei Querschnittlähmung ist nur unzureichend evidenzbasiert. Insbesondere die Gabe von spezifischen Osteoporosepräpa-raten erfolgt gegebenenfalls “off-label”.
Perspective Finally, Fixing Health Care: What's Different Now? Six new developments in the health reform debate show that Americans are ready for change.

Is now the time to fix the U.S. health care system? Those who remember the failed attempts of the past would say no. We see it differently. Our optimism is rooted in new developments that didn't exist the last time Congress addressed health care. These include bipartisan support for our Healthy Americans Act; an ideological truce over the role of gov- ernment in health care; common ground between business and labor; the realization that states can't go it alone on health care; the plight of employers in a global marketplace; and the need for coverage that is affordable, accessible, and portable. (Health Affairs 27, no. 3
Estimating economic and epidemiological burden of hepatitis C in Egypt, 2015-2025

Hepatitis C is the most pressing public health challenge in Egypt where Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) prevalence is the highest in the world. In 2015, Egypt Health Issues Survey showed that 10% of Egyptians between 15 – 59 years of age had been infected with HCV infection, while 7% are chronic active hepatitis C patients. This paper aims to estimate the current and future economic and epidemiological burden of HCV between 2015 and 2025. In addition, it compares the impact of different scenarios for management of this huge public health problem to identify the most cost effective strategy capable of reducing the economic and epidemiological burden of this disease at the country level. A Markov model representing hepatitis C progression was established showing the prognosis among HCV infected cohort within different age groups where the members of each group go through predefined states of health over one-year time cycles till 2025. The burden of hepatitis C will be estimated through calculating different transition probabilities and calculating the direct and indirect healthcare cost of the proportion of members who go through each stage of the disease and its complications. Under the current management strategy of 125,000 patients/year, it is estimated that chronic active HCV patients will show minimal decrease to reach about 4.1 million cases, with high economic burden of this strategy is very high where the direct costs are estimated $23.3 billion, and the total costs are $48.3 billion between 2015-2025. While increasing the treatment rate to reach one million patient annually for 5 years in addition to decreasing the annual incidence in the coming 10 years will drop HCV cases to about 636 thousands by 2025, and with only $16.2 billion as a direct costs, and total costs $34.2 billion between 2015-2025 which is 29.2% lower than the current management scenario.