Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BOOTSTRAP INFERENCE FOR PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING

Propensity score matching, where the propensity scores are estimated in a first step, is widely used for estimating treatment effects. In this context, the naive bootstrap is invalid (Abadie and Imbens, 2008). This paper proposes a novel bootstrap procedure for the propensity score matching estimator, and demonstrates its consistency. The proposed bootstrap is built around the notion of ‘potential errors’, introduced in this paper. Precisely, each observation is associated with two potential error terms, corresponding to each of the potential states treated or control only one of which is realized. Thus, the variability of the estimator stems not only from the randomness of the potential errors themselves, but also from the probabilistic nature of treatment assignment, which randomly realizes one of the potential error terms. The proposed bootstrap takes both sources of randomness into account by resampling the potential errors as a pair as well as re-assigning new values for the treatments. Simulations and real data examples demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method relative to using the asymptotic distribution for inference, especially when the degree of overlap in propensity scores is poor. General versions of the procedure can also be applied to other causal effect estimators such as inverse probability weighting and propensity score sub-classification, potentially leading to higher order refinements for inference in such contexts. This version: August 12, 2018. Latest version here. I am greatly indebted to Taisuke Otsu for invaluable help on this project. I would also like to thank Hao Dong, Dita Eckardt, Kirill Evdokimov, Sokbae (Simon) Lee, Will Matcham, Chris Muris, Jörn-Steffen Pischke, Shan Aman Rana, Peter M. Robinson, Nelson A. Ruiz, Marcia Schafgans, Sorawoot Srisuma, Luke Taylor, Takuya Ura, and seminar participants at the Bristol Econometrics Study Group, Boston University, Georgetown University, Iowa State University, LSE, UC Berkeley, UC San Diego, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign and University of Pennsylvania for helpful comments.
Classification of heterobasidiomycetous yeasts: characteristics and affiliation of genera to higher taxa of heterobasidiomycetes.

Introduction 276 Morphology . 277 Life cycles and genetics . 277 Ultrastructure . 278 Extracellular polysaccharides . 278 . Killer phenomenon 279 rn-Inositol and D-glucuronate assimilation . 280 Pigments . 280 Fatty acids, whole-cell proteins, and enzymes . 280 . Ubiquinones 281 DNA . 281 Ribosomal RNA . 283 Concluding remarks . 285
Quantum field theory on curved low-dimensional space embedded in three-dimensional space.

Recently, the quantum mechanics on a curved low-dimensional space was studied. There is an embedded effect when the space embedded in three-dimensional Cartesian space has some curvature. In this paper, we will consider second quantization of the spinless Schrodinger field there at finite temperature and show that there is also an embedded effect even though the low-dimensional space has no curvature as a manifold. This effect appears as an effective chemical potential
ReRAM ON/OFF resistance ratio degradation due to line resistance combined with device variability in 28nm FDSOI technology

Common problems with oxide-based Resistive RAM (ReRAM) are related to high variability in operating conditions and low yield. At array level, ReRAM memory cells suffer from different voltage drops seen across the cells due to the line resistances. Although research has taken steps to resolve these issues, variability combined with resistive paths remain an important characteristic for ReRAM. In this paper, the performance and reliability of ReRAM memory arrays is investigated in a 28nm FDSOI technology versus interconnects resistivity combined with device variability.
TECHNIQUES OF LATTICE BASED CRYPTOGRAPHY STUDIED ON A PERVASIVE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Creation of smart spaces and scaling of devices to achieve miniaturization in pervasive computing environments has put forth a question on the degree of security of such devices. Security being a unique challenge in such environments, solution demands scalability, access control, heterogeneity, trust. Most of the existing cryptographic solutions widely in use rely on the hardness of factorization and number theory problems. With the increase in cryptanalytic attacks these schemes will soon become insecure. We need an alternate security mechanism which is as hard as the existing number theoretic approaches. In this work, we discuss the aspects of Lattice based cryptography as a new dimension of providing security whose strength lies in the hardness of lattice problems. We discuss about a cryptosystem whose security relies on high lattice dimension.
BCL6-translocations affect the phenotype of follicular lymphomas only in the absence of t(14;18)IgH/BCL2.

BACKGROUND The translocation t(14;18)IgH/BCL2 is the molecular hallmark of follicular lymphomas (FL). A subset of cases harbours translocations involving the BCL6-gene locus. This study aimed to determine the frequency of BCL2- and BCL6-translocations in FL and to identify morphological and immuno-histochemical features with respect to the presence of BCL2- and BCL6-translocations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation (FISH) was used to determine the BCL2- and BCL6-translocation status of 102 FL and these were compared to morphological and immunohistochemical parameters. RESULTS Lymphomas with BCL6- and BCL2-translocations were very similar to t(14;18)-positive lymphomas without BCL6-translocations. In contrast, t(14;18)-negative lymphomas with BCL6-translocations were amongst others of higher grade, less often CD10-positive, involved the bone marrow less frequently and did not infiltrate the lymph node capsule. CONCLUSION BCL2- and BCL6-translocations correlate with particular phenotypes of follicular lymphomas. BCL6-translocations seem to affect the phenotype only when they are not accompanied by BCL2-translocations.
Characterization of the thermal impact of Cu-Cu bonds achieved using TSVs on hot spot dissipation in 3D stacked ICs

3D-IC stacking is a promising technique for miniaturization and performance enhancement of electronic systems. The complexity of the interconnect structures, combined with the reduced thermal spreading in the thinned dies used for the stacking and the poorly thermally conductive adhesives adopted for bonding the dies in the stack complicate the modeling of the thermal behavior of 3D ICs. The same amount of energy dissipation will lead to higher temperatures and a more pronounced temperature peak in a stacked die with respect to a single die. Therefore, the thermal behavior in a 3D-IC needs to be studied thoroughly. In this paper, the impact of TSVs and the Cu-Cu bonding on the temperature profile of the top and bottom die of a 3D stack is characterized by using dedicated test chips with integrated thermal heaters and temperature sensors. A specific experimental set-up is conceived and used to evaluate and improve the thermal models for the 3D stacks.
Neck dissection: an operation in evolution: Hayes Martin lecture.

Hayes Martin, MD, was born on June 24, 1892, in Dayton, Iowa. He graduated from The University of Iowa School of Medicine in 1917 (Figure 1). He served in World War I as a flight surgeon in France. On his return to New York City, he wanted to be a general surgeon but was not accepted into the much sought-after surgical program at Bellevue Hospital. He was told by Dr John Hartwell, the chief of surgery at Bellevue, that since it would be 2 years before an opening would occur, he should prepare himself for that position. In pursuit of this goal, Dr Martin served as an intern and resident at Memorial Hospital in New York, where he was exposed to cancer surgery.
Phosphorylation of 5-Lipoxygenase at Ser523 by Protein Kinase A Determines Whether Pioglitazone and Atorvastatin Induce Proinflammatory Leukotriene B4 or Anti-Inflammatory 15-Epi-Lipoxin A4 Production

The 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) produces leukotriene B4 and 15-epilipoxin-A4 (15-epi-LXA4). Phosphorylation at Ser523 by protein kinase A (PKA) prevents 5LO shift to the perinuclear membrane. Atorvastatin and pioglitazone up-regulate 15-epi-LXA4 production in the heart. We assessed whether phosphorylation of 5LO by PKA determines whether 5LO interacts with the membranous cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) to produce leukotriene B4 or with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) to produce 15-epi-LXA4. Rats received either pioglitazone, atorvastatin, pioglitazone plus atorvastatin, vehicle, or LPS. Rat myocardial cells were incubated with pioglitazone plus atorvastatin, pioglitazone plus atorvastatin plus H-89 (PKA inhibitor), H-89, or vehicle for 8 h. Pioglitazone and atorvastatin did not affect total 5LO expression. However, both increased 5LO levels in the cytosolic fraction. H-89 caused a shift of 5LO to the membranous fraction in atorvastatin- and pioglitazone-treated rats. Pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased phospho-5LO levels. H-89 attenuated this increase. Both pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased COX2 levels in the cytosolic fraction and the membranous fraction. H-89 prevented this increase. Pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased cPLA2 expression in the membranous fraction. This effect was not attenuated by H-89. Pioglitazone plus atorvastatin increased 15-epi-LXA4 levels. H-89 attenuated the effect of pioglitazone plus atorvastatin. Pioglitazone plus atorvastatin plus H-89 increased leukotriene B4 levels. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that without H-89, atorvastatin and pioglitazone induced an interaction between 5LO and COX2 in the cytosolic fraction, whereas when H-89 was added, 5LO interacted with cPLA2 on the membranous fraction. The 5LO phosphorylation determines whether 15-epi-LXA4 (anti-inflammatory) or leukotriene B4 (inflammatory mediator) is produced.
Customer lifetime value determination based on RFM model

– One of the salient challenges in customer-oriented organizations is to recognize, segment and rank customers. Customer segmentation is usually based on customer lifetime value (CLV) measured by three purchase variables: “Recency,” “Frequency” and “Monetary. ” However, due to the ambiguity of these variables, using deterministic approach is not appropriate. For tackling this matter, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new method of customer segmentation and ranking by combining fuzzy clustering (as a segmentation method) and fuzzy AHP (as a ranking method). , – First, customers are classified based on purchase variables using fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Second, the variables are weighed applying an optimized version of AHP method. Considering the derived weights and customer groups, this paper follows to ranks segments based on CLV. The developed methodology has been implemented for a large IT company in Iran. , – The results show a tremendous capability to the company to evaluate his customers by dividing them into nine ranked segments. The validity of clusters has been submitted. , – For researchers, this study provides a useful literature by combining FCM and an optimized version of fuzzy AHP in order to cover the limitations of previous methodologies. For organizations, this study clarifies the procedure of customer segmentation by which they can improve their marketing activities. , – Managers can consider the proposed CLV calculation methodology for selling the next best services/products to the group of customers that are more valuable, by calculating the entire lifetime value of the customers. , – This study contributes to the process of customer segmentation based on CLV, proposing a new method which covers the limitations of previous customer segmentation methods.
Interferon‐lambda polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus clearance revisited

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. We performed RNA sequencing in primary human hepatocytes activated with synthetic double-stranded RNA to mimic HCV infection. Upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) on chromosome 19q13.13, we discovered a new transiently induced region that harbors a dinucleotide variant ss469415590 (TT or DG), which is in high linkage disequilibrium with rs12979860, a genetic marker strongly associated with HCV clearance. ss469415590[DG] is a frameshift variant that creates a novel gene, designated IFNL4, encoding the interferon-k4 protein (IFNL4), which is moderately similar to IFNL3. Compared to rs12979860, ss469415590 is more strongly associated with HCV clearance in individuals of African ancestry, although it provides comparable information in Europeans and Asians. Transient overexpression of IFNL4 in a hepatoma cell line induced STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Our findings provide new insights into the genetic regulation of HCV clearance and its clinical management.
Design and analysis of a knowledge-aided radar detector for doppler processing

In this paper we discuss the combined use of a priori information and adaptive signal processing techniques for the design and the analysis of a knowledge-aided (KA) radar receiver for Doppler processing. To this end, resorting to the generalized likelihood function (GLF) criterion (both one-step and two-step), we design and assess data-adaptive procedures for the selection of training data. Then we introduce a KA radar detector composed of three elements: a geographic-map-based data selector, which exploits some a priori information concerning the topography of the observed scene, a data-adaptive training selector which removes dynamic outliers from the training data, and an adaptive radar detector which performs the final decision about the target presence. The performance of the KA algorithm is analyzed both on simulated as well as on real radar data collected by the McMaster University IPIX radar. The results show that the new KA system achieves a satisfactory performance level and can outperform some previously proposed adaptive detection schemes
The Influence of TMT Characteristics on Technological Innovation: Evidence from IT Public Listed Companies in China

Based on the integration of Upper Echelons Theory and Social Capital Theory, this paper explores the relationship between characteristics of TMT and technological innovation. It collects the data from 117 listed Chinese IT corporations in 2013. The results show that TMT’s average age, percentage of female executives have significant negative impact on technological innovation. Technological innovation correlates positively with TMT’s education level, output functional experience and social capital.
A low-power 802.11a CMOS RF front-end with linear dual conversion mixer

: A low power receiver RF front-end operating in the 5 GHz band according to the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard is reported. This is based on the dual conversion architecture for the fully integrated receiver, in order to relax the problem of the direct conversion receiver. In the RF front-end, the power consumption is greatly reduced by using the dual conversion current-driven passive mixer with linear transconductor stage. The receiver RF front-end is fabricated with 0.13 µ m CMOS technology. An IIP3 of − 15 . 8 dBm with a gain of 37.2 dB and a noise ﬁgure of 7.1 dB are obtained at 16.8 mW power consumption.
Carpal‐metacarpal specializations for burrowing in South American octodontoid rodents

Among the ecomorphologically diverse Octodontoidea rodents, fossorial habits are prevalent in Ctenomyidae and Octodontidae and occur in some members of Echimyidae. To detect traits linked to scratch‐digging, we analyzed morpho‐structural variation in the carpus and metacarpus of 27 species of extinct and living octodontoids with epigean, fossorial and subterranean habits. Within a context of relative morphological uniformity, we detected the following specialized traits in the burrowing Clyomys (Echimyidae), Spalacopus (Octodontidae), Ctenomys and †Eucelophorus (Ctenomyidae): broad shortened carpus, robust metacarpals, markedly broad and short metacarpal V, and predominance of ray III (mesaxony, incipient in Spalacopus). In addition, the specialized subterranean Ctenomys presented an enlarged scapholunar in extensive contact with the unciform, and with a complex‐shaped proximal articular surface. These features are interpreted as responses to mechanical requirements of scratch‐digging, providing greater carpal rigidity and resistance to direct forces exerted during the digging stroke. In Ctenomys, the radius‐scapholunar joint restricts movement at wrist level. The phylogenetic distribution of traits shows that the most derived carpal and metacarpal morphologies occur among subterranean octodontoids, also possessing important craniodental adaptations, and supports the hypothesis that the acquisition of digging specializations would have been linked to increasing burrowing frequency in some lineages. Nevertheless, octodontoids with less morphological specializations have metacarpal modifications advantageous for digging, suggesting that scratch‐digging specialization preceded the acquisition of tooth‐digging traits, in agreement with the general claim that scratch‐digging is the primary digging strategy in burrowing mammals.
Implementation and outcomes of the Multiple Urgent Sepsis Therapies (MUST) protocol*

Objectives:To describe the effectiveness of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary sepsis treatment protocol with regard to both implementation and outcomes and to compare the mortality rates and therapies of patients with septic shock with similar historical controls. Design:Prospective, interventional cohort study with a historical control comparison group. Setting:Urban, tertiary care, university hospital with 46,000 emergency department visits and 4,100 intensive care unit admissions annually. Patients:Inclusion criteria were a) emergency department patients aged ≥18 yrs, b) suspected infection, and c) lactate of >4 mmol/L or septic shock. Exclusion criteria were a) emergent operation, b) prehospital cardiac arrest, and c) comfort measures only. Time period: protocol, November 10, 2003, through November 9, 2004; historical controls, February 1, 2000, through January 31, 2001. Intervention:A sepsis treatment pathway incorporating empirical antibiotics, early goal-directed therapy, drotrecogin alfa, steroids, intensive insulin therapy, and lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results:There were 116 protocol patients, with a mortality rate of 18% (11–25%), of which 79 patients had septic shock. Comparing these patients with 51 historical controls, protocol patients received more fluid (4.0 vs. 2.5 L crystalloid, p < .001), earlier antibiotics (90 vs. 120 mins, p < .013), more appropriate empirical coverage (97% vs. 88%, p < .05), more vasopressors in the first 6 hrs (80% vs. 45%, p < .001), tighter glucose control (mean morning glucose, 123 vs. 140, p < .001), and more frequent assessment of adrenal function (82% vs. 10%, p < .001), with a nonstatistically significant increase in dobutamine use (14% vs. 4%, p = .06) and red blood cell transfusions (30% vs. 18%, p = .07) in the first 24 hrs. For protocol patients with septic shock, 28-day in-hospital mortality was 20.3% compared with 29.4% for historical controls (p = .3). Conclusions:Clinical implementation of a comprehensive sepsis treatment protocol is feasible and is associated with changes in therapies such as time to antibiotics, intravenous fluid delivery, and vasopressor use in the first 6 hrs. No statistically significant decrease in mortality was demonstrated, as this trial was not sufficiently powered to assess mortality benefits.
Performance of Firms: A Study of Offshore Outsource Service Providers

With the evolution of information technology, firms offshore outsource services to developing and low service cost countries to have cost as well competitive advantages. This is a growing practice, but there has been limited empirical attention in understanding the outsourcing phenomenon, particularly from the perspective of service provider firms that execute important business processes for their overseas clients. This shows the need to study the factors that play a significant role in the growing trend to outsource and why only a few service provider firms report success. In this chapter, the authors try to find factors that influence performance of service provider firms. Multiple regressions using four indicators of firm performance are carried out to see the influence of certain factors on Information Technology Enabled Service (ITES) firms’ performance.
Postnatal Depression, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Child Development

Depression is common among women of childbearing age, with over 8% being affected at any one time (Weissman, Warner, Wickramaratne, & Prusoff, 1988). Depression occurring specifically in the postnatal period affects around 14% of women in developed world samples (O’Hara & Swain, 1996) and is substantially more common in some developing world populations (Cooper et al., 1999; Parsons, Young, Rochat, Kringelbach, & Stein, 2012; Wachs, Black, & Engle, 2009). Although postnatal depression (PND) may affect women across the social spectrum, rates are increased among those experiencing stressful life events, poor social support, and a history of depression (Beck, 2001; O’Hara & Swain, 1996; Robertson, Grace, Wallington, & Stewart, 2004). Typically, symptoms of PND resolve by around 6 months postpartum, but some women are affected throughout the first year and beyond. Overall, depression‐related impairments can be wide‐ranging and persistent and may have a profound effect on interpersonal functioning. Concern about the possible adverse consequences of exposure to PND for the developing child has arisen principally as a result of evidence from nondepressed populations of both the sensitivity of young infants to their interpersonal environment and the importance of social interactions in fostering optimal child psychological development (see Murray, 2014). The fact that the infant’s primary environment in the early weeks and months is, in many cases, largely constituted by their mother has added to concern about the possible effects of PND on the child. Accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies of the role of caretaking in the development of neurobiological systems has provided further research impetus. In this chapter, a careful review of the effects of PND on the mother–infant relationship is conducted in order to inform the need for intervention and screening. We review research on the effects of PND on maternal interactions with the infant and young child and on biological outcomes. We then consider what is known about the development of children of postnatally depressed mothers in the domains of cognitive, emotional–behavioral, and Postnatal Depression, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Child Development Prospects for Screening and Treatment
[CME ORL 11. Right sided cervical space occupying lesion with left sided hemianopsia. Diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma with multiple organ manifestations].

Ein 73-jähriger männlicher Patient wird von seinem Hausarzt aufgrund eines seit einigen Wochen reduzierten Allgemeinzustandes und einer Schwellung zervikal rechts zugewiesen. Er klagt über leichte Kopfschmerzen und eine Schwäche der linken oberen und unteren Extremität sowie neu seit einigen Tagen bestehenden Gesichtsfeldausfalls links. In der persönlichen Anamnese ist eine Hemicastratio rechts bei Verdacht auf Hodentumor bekannt, allerdings konnte eine fokale GD8+ TZell-prädominante atypische Lymphoproliferation mit erhaltenen B-blastoiden Zellen beschrieben werden.