Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ionization Mechanisms in Quasar Outflows

The various ionization mechanisms at play in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars have been well studied, but relatively little has been done to separately investigate the contributions of these ionization mechanisms within the host galaxy and outflowing components. Using Gemini integral field spectroscopy data, we study the ionization properties of these two components in four nearby (z ≲ 0.2) radio-quiet Type 1 quasars. Emission-line ratios and widths are employed to identify the dominant ionization mechanisms for the host and outflow components in each object. We find that photoionization by the AGN often dominates the ionization of both gaseous components in these systems. In three cases, the outflowing gas is more highly ionized than the gas in the host, indicating that it is more strongly exposed to the ionizing radiation field of the AGN. In two objects, a positive correlation between the line widths and line ratios in the outflowing gas component indicates that shocks with velocities of order 100–500 km s−1 may also be contributing to the ionization and heating of the outflowing gas component. The line ratios in the outflowing gas of one of these two objects also suggest a significant contribution from photoionization by hot, young stars in the portion of the outflow that is closest to star-forming regions in the host galaxy component. The data thus favor photoionization by hot stars in the host galaxy rather than stars formed in the outflow itself.
Unusual scaling for two-dimensional avalanches: Curing the faceting and scaling in the lower critical dimension

The non-equilibrium random-field Ising model is well studied, yet there are outstanding questions. In two dimensions, power law scaling approaches fail and the critical disorder is difficult to pin down. Additionally, the presence of faceting on the square lattice creates avalanches that are lattice dependent at small scales. We propose two methods which we find solve these issues. First, we perform large scale simulations on a Voronoi lattice to mitigate the effects of faceting. Secondly, the invariant arguments of the universal scaling functions necessary to perform scaling collapses can be directly determined using our recent normal form theory of the Renormalization Group. This method has proven useful in cleanly capturing the complex behavior which occurs in both the lower and upper critical dimensions of systems and here captures the 2D NE-RFIM behavior well. The obtained scaling collapses span over a range of a factor of ten in the disorder and a factor of $10^4$ in avalanche cutoff. They are consistent with a critical disorder at zero and with a lower critical dimension for the model equal to two.
DETAILED NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF ATOMIZATION OF A LIQUID JET IN A SWIRLING GAS CROSSFLOW

Breakup of a liquid jet in a high speed gaseous crossflow finds wide range of engineering and technological applications, especially in the combustors of the gas turbine engines in aerospace industry. In this study, we present volume-of-fluid method based direct numerical simulations of a liquid jet injected into a swirling crossflow of gas. The liquid is injected radially outwards from a central tube to a confined annular space with a swirling gas crossflow. The essential features of the jet breakup involving jet flattening, surface waves and stripping of droplets from the edges of the jet are captured in the simulations. We discuss the effect of swirl on the spray characteristics such as jet trajectory, column breakup-length, and size, shape-factor and velocity distribution of the drops. Drop size increases with swirl and penetration is slightly reduced. Moreover, the trajectory follows an angle (azimuthal) that is smaller than the geometric angle of the swirl at inlet. Interestingly, we also observe coalescence events downstream of the jet that affect the final droplet size distribution for the geometry considered in this study.
The Role of Compute in Autonomous Aerial Vehicles

Autonomous-mobile cyber-physical machines are part of our future. Specifically, unmanned-aerial-vehicles have seen a resurgence in activity with use-cases such as package delivery. These systems face many challenges such as their low-endurance caused by limited onboard-energy, hence, improving the mission-time and energy are of importance. Such improvements traditionally are delivered through better algorithms. But our premise is that more powerful and efficient onboard-compute should also address the problem. This paper investigates how the compute subsystem, in a cyber-physical mobile machine, such as a Micro Aerial Vehicle, impacts mission-time and energy. Specifically, we pose the question as what is the role of computing for cyber-physical mobile robots? We show that compute and motion are tightly intertwined, hence a close examination of cyber and physical processes and their impact on one another is necessary. We show different impact paths through which compute impacts mission-metrics and examine them using analytical models, simulation, and end-to-end benchmarking. To enable similar studies, we open sourced MAVBench, our tool-set consisting of a closed-loop simulator and a benchmark suite. Our investigations show cyber-physical co-design, a methodology where robot's cyber and physical processes/quantities are developed with one another consideration, similar to hardware-software co-design, is necessary for optimal robot design.
Biembeddings of cycle systems using integer Heffter arrays

In this paper, we use constructions of Heffter arrays to verify the existence of face 2‐colorable embeddings of cycle decompositions of the complete graph. Specifically, for n≡1(mod 4) and k≡3(mod4),n≫k⩾7 and when n≡0(mod 3) then k≡7(mod 12) , there exist face 2‐colorable embeddings of the complete graph K2nk+1 onto an orientable surface where each face is a cycle of a fixed length k . In these embeddings the vertices of K2nk+1 will be labeled with the elements of Z2nk+1 in such a way that the group, (Z2nk+1,+) acts sharply transitively on the vertices of the embedding. This result is achieved by verifying the existence of nonequivalent Heffter arrays, H(n;k) , which satisfy the conditions: (1) for each row and each column the sequential partial sums determined by the natural ordering must be distinct modulo 2nk+1 ; (2) the composition of the natural orderings of the rows and columns is equivalent to a single cycle permutation on the entries in the array. The existence of Heffter arrays H(n;k) that satisfy condition (1) was established earlier in Burrage et al. and in this current paper, we vary this construction and show, for k⩾11 , that there are at least (n−2)[((k−11)/4)! /e]2 such nonequivalent H(n;k) that satisfy both conditions (1) and (2).
Energy Landscapes for Digital Alchemy

We apply energy landscape methods to digital alchemy, defining a system in which the parameters of the potential are treated as degrees of freedom. Using geometrical optimisation, we locate minima and transition states on the landscape for small clusters. We show that it is easy to find the parameters that give the lowest energy minimum, and that the distribution of minima on the alchemical landscape is concentrated in particular areas. We also conclude that the alchemical landscape is more frustrated, in terms of competition between low energy structures separated by high barriers. Transition states on the alchemical landscape are classified by whether they become minima or transition states when the potential parameters are fixed. Those that become minima have a significant alchemical component, while those that remain as transition states can be characterised mainly in terms of atomic displacements.
Learning Fair and Transferable Representations

Developing learning methods which do not discriminate subgroups in the population is a central goal of algorithmic fairness. One way to reach this goal is by modifying the data representation in order to meet certain fairness constraints. In this work we measure fairness according to demographic parity. This requires the probability of the possible model decisions to be independent of the sensitive information. We argue that the goal of imposing demographic parity can be substantially facilitated within a multitask learning setting. We leverage task similarities by encouraging a shared fair representation across the tasks via low rank matrix factorization. We derive learning bounds establishing that the learned representation transfers well to novel tasks both in terms of prediction performance and fairness metrics. We present experiments on three real world datasets, showing that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by a significant margin.
Suggestion of referntial information for writing documents on the web

In this thesis, we propose a system for assisting users to write a document by using referential information acquired from the web. The system automatically collects from the web information that is closely related to the topics of the sentences that the user writes. Recently, we often collect information related to topics of sentences we wrote from web. For instance, when we describe an object (places we visited, goods we bought, events we joined) we experienced on that day on weblogs, we examine a formal name of the object, refer to an opinion of other bloggers on that object, or investigate an access to the object, the date of the object (event), specification of the objects, or other various attributes of the object, in order to improve the quality of our documents. When such information needs occur, we should stop writing to collect the referential information from the web by ourselves. In this thesis, we attempt to find users’ information needs using lexicosyntactic patterns[1], and to show an appropriate knowledge for that information needs. When we show users the knowledge acquired from the web, we use AJAX to show them as seamless possible as in order not to avoid users’ writing. In this thesis, we focus on the proper nouns (such as ”Germany” and ”Titanic”). And we show them by using early research by Yoshinaga and
Tensor Ring Decomposition: Energy Landscape and One-loop Convergence of Alternating Least Squares

In this work, we study the tensor ring decomposition and its associated numerical algorithms. We establish a sharp transition of algorithmic difficulty of the optimization problem as the bond dimension increases: On one hand, we show the existence of spurious local minima for the optimization energy landscape even when the tensor ring format is much over-parameterized, i.e., with bond dimension much larger than that of the true target tensor. On the other hand, when the bond dimension is further increased, we establish one-loop convergence for alternating least square algorithm for tensor ring decomposition. The theoretical results are complemented by numerical experiments for both local minimum and one-loop convergence for the alternating least square algorithm.
New Pumping Technique for 2-dimensional VASS

We propose a new pumping technique for 2-dimensional vector addition systems with states (2-VASS) building on natural geometric properties of runs. We illustrate its applicability by reproving an exponential bound on the length of the shortest accepting run, and by proving a new pumping lemma for languages of 2-VASS. The technique is expected to be useful for settling questions concerning languages of 2-VASS, e.g., for establishing decidability status of the regular separability problem.
Bandgap-assisted quantum control of topological edge states in a cavity

Quantum matter with exotic topological order has potential applications in quantum computation. However, in present experiments, the manipulations on topological states are still challenging. We here propose an architecture for optical control of topological matter. We consider a topological superconducting qubit array with Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) Hamiltonian which couples to a microwave cavity. Based on parity properties of the topological qubit array, we propose an optical spectroscopy method to observe topological phase transition, i.e., edge-to-bulk transition. This new method can be achieved by designing cavity-qubit couplings. A main purpose of this work is to understand how topological phase transition affects light-matter interaction. We find that topological bandgap plays an essential role on this issue. In topological phase, the resonant vacuum Rabi splitting of degenerate edge states coupling to the cavity field is protected from those of bulk states by the bandgap. In dispersive regime, the cavity induced coupling between edge states is dominant over couplings between edge and bulk states, due to the topological bandgap. As a result, quantum interference between topological edge states occures and enables single-photon transport through boundaries of the topological qubit array. Our work may pave a way for topological quantum state engineering.
Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Leprdb/db Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated glucose levels. There is no effective treatment strategy for this condition, and it poses a massive economic burden globally. Schistosoma soluble egg antigen (SEA)-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms have been reported in the treatment of autoimmune disease. This study aimed to determine the ability of Schistosoma japonicum SEA to protect against type 2 diabetes in Leprdb/db mice and understand the associated mechanisms. The mice were divided into four groups: C57BL/6 (the normal group), SEA (C57BL/6 mice treated with SEA), Leprdb/db, and SEA and Leprdb/db co-treatment groups. The mice in the SEA and co-treatment groups were injected with 50 μg of SEA (twice a week for 6 weeks), and the same volume of PBS was used as control. Blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were measured in all mice, which were sacrificed 6 weeks after the last SEA administration. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of regulatory T cells in splenocytes. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 in cell culture supernatants. Compared with the mice in the Leprdb/db group, the mice in the SEA + Leprdb/db group exhibited significantly reduced insulin resistance, as evidenced by the enhancement of wound healing. The frequency of spleen regulatory T cells increased significantly after SEA administration; meanwhile, the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 in spleen cells was elevated. These results indicate that SEA can reduce insulin resistance and provide new targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The potential mechanisms might be associated with increases in regulatory T cells and Th2 cytokines in Leprdb/db mice, which warrants further investigation.
Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Signaling and Immunological Synapse by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmunity

T cell activation and effector function is mediated by the formation of a long-lasting interaction established between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) called immunological synapse (IS). During T cell activation, different signaling molecules as well as the cytoskeleton and the endosomal compartment are polarized to the IS. This molecular dynamics is tightly regulated by phosphorylation networks, which are controlled by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). While some PTPs are known to be important regulators of adhesion, ligand discrimination or the stimulation threshold, there is still little information about the regulatory role of PTPs in cytoskeleton rearrangements and endosomal compartment dynamics. Besides, spatial and temporal regulation of PTPs and substrates at the IS is only barely known. Consistent with an important role of PTPs in T cell activation, multiple mutations as well as altered expression levels or dynamic behaviors have been associated with autoimmune diseases. However, the precise mechanism for the regulation of T cell activation and effector function by PTPs in health and autoimmunity is not fully understood. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the regulatory role of PTPs in CD4+ T cell activation, IS assembly and effector function. The potential molecular mechanisms mediating the action of these enzymes in autoimmune disorders are discussed.
WAT: A Distributed File Sharing System

WAT is a distributed peer-to-peer file sharing system that uses a level of indirection to separate the storage of files from information sources about storage. It uses well-defined mathematical operations on a file's unambiguous name to determine such globally known information sources called primary servers. For any given file, such servers are organized in a demand-adaptive tree so information can be efficiently replicated. Actual files are with the users who download them. The use of an asymmetric key system allows users to verify integrity of files and only authors to update them on the system. By relying on randomization and secure hashing and by operating on a " trust nobody " basis, WAT can prevent impersonation and denial of service attacks efficiently. The time for file lookups increases logarithmically with the total number of nodes on WAT, while the replication capability is increases significantly.
Resolving conflict in system requirements

This study builds upon traditional systems engineering methods: analyzing system requirements, performing functional allocation, exercising the tradeoff issues, synthesizing requirements, and verifying that they are achievable. The importance of interactions between requirements and their corresponding implementations is emphasized. Understanding and documenting these interactions is proposed as an important step in the system design process. Graphic and mathematical analysis methods applied in the resolution of conflicts are introduced. The impact and importance of technology trends in system design, tradeoff analysis, and product planning are discussed. <<ETX>>
An Approach to Measure Software Reusability of OO Design

Software reusability has considerable effect on software quality. Software quality increases as reuse of software components increases. But software quality cannot be improved unless it can be measured. In this paper we have derived a new approach to measure the software reusability of OO class diagram, an attribute of software quality. We have also empirically studied the approach in OO programming language C++.
Proteases in Pemphigoid Diseases

Pemphigoid diseases are a subgroup of autoimmune skin diseases characterized by widespread tense blisters. Standard of care typically involves immunosuppressive treatments, which may be insufficient and are often associated with significant adverse events. As such, a deeper understanding of the pathomechanism(s) of pemphigoid diseases is necessary in order to identify improved therapeutic approaches. A major initiator of pemphigoid diseases is the accumulation of autoantibodies against proteins at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), followed by protease activation at the lesion. The contribution of proteases to pemphigoid disease pathogenesis has been investigated using a combination of in vitro and in vivo models. These studies suggest proteolytic degradation of anchoring proteins proximal to the DEJ is crucial for dermal-epidermal separation and blister formation. In addition, proteases can also augment inflammation, expose autoantigenic cryptic epitopes, and/or provoke autoantigen spreading, which are all important in pemphigoid disease pathology. The present review summarizes and critically evaluates the current understanding with respect to the role of proteases in pemphigoid diseases.
Variation of Cognitive Function During a Short Stay at Hypobaric Hypoxia Chamber (Altitude: 3842 M)

Objective To observe the effects of a fast-acute ascent to high altitude on brain cognitive function and transcranial doppler parameters in order to understand the physiological countermeasures of hypoxia. Methods 17 high-altitude-naïve male subjects (mean age was 26.3 ± 8.1 years) participated in the study. We measured Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFFF), blood oxygen saturation, Psychology Experiment Building (PEBL) including three tests (Modified Math Processing Task, Perceptual Vigilance Task, and Time Estimation Task), as well as Cerebral Blood Flow index (CBFi), mean cerebral artery Systolic and diastolic velocities, Cerebral Pulsatility index (CPi), and heart Rate. All were measured at sea level, at least 1 h after arrival at the hypobaric hypoxia equivalent of 3842 m and 1 h after return to sea level. Results Under acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxic conditions, significant decrease in CFFF [42.1 ± 1 vs. 43.5 ± 1.7 Hz at sea level (asl), p < 0.01], CBFi (611 ± 51 vs. 665 ± 71 asl, p < 0.01) and blood oxygen saturation (83 ± 4% vs. 98 ± 1% asl, p < 0.001) as compared to pre-ascent values were observed. Physiological countermeasures to hypoxia could be involved as there was no significant change in neuropsychometric tests, Systolic and Diastolic velocities and CPi. A significant increase in Heart Rate (81 ± 15 bpm vs. 66 ± 15 bpm asl, p < 0.001) was observed. All parameters returned to their basal values 1 h after regaining sea level. Conclusion Hypoxia results in a decrease in CFFF, CBFi and oxygen saturation and in an increase in heart rate. As it decreased, Cerebral Blood Flow index does not seem to be the physiological measurement of choice to hypoxia explaining the maintenance of cognitive performance after acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and requires further investigation. Cerebral oxygen delivery and extraction could be one of the underlying mechanisms.
John Goldsmith (ed.) (1995). The handbook of phonological theory. Cambridge, Mass. & Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Pp. xiv+986.

This article is the result of a personal struggle to make sense of a number of debates involving the phonology—morphology interaction that have occurred over the last few decades. In presenting a sketch of one's conception of the state of the art, there is always the danger of a skewed perspective, colored by one's own research and preoccupations. I have tried my best to eliminate autobiography, but total objectivity is impossible when presenting an overall assessment. '
Paper versus Electronic: Challenges Associated with Physicians' Usage of Electronic Medical Records

This study builds on the theory of planned behavior, institutional and diffusion theories to investigate physicians? attitudes and usage behaviors of electronic medical records (EMR). Interviews with seventeen physician-residents enrolled in a Family Practice residency program and eight attending physicians in the same clinic showed that most physicians held rather negative attitudes regarding the EMR system. EMR was often times seen as an intrusion in the patient-physician interaction. Other findings relate to the impacts EMR had on physicians? time, expertise, physicians? learning, the length (and sometimes the accuracy) of the clinical notes. Challenges associated with behavioral control issues such as availability of computers and the physical positioning of computers are shown to be very important in the context of this case. Physician-residents have to use EMR because of its mandatory nature, however, if they had a choice or the power, the majority of physicians would use the paper chart.
Predicting movie genre viewing through multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data

We study the neuroanatomical basis of genre recognition in film stimuli. In particular, we investigate whether the genre of a film stimulus can be predicted from fMRI data. Based on multivariate pattern analysis, a parsimonious model comprising of the ventral and dorsal streams of visual processing is proposed, but fails to generalise.