Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and Adaptive Media streaming over Heterogeneity network by Wireless Channel

Video streaming over wireless (networks) has gained popularity in recent times with the development of heterogeneity networks. The demand and market for video based services is expected to grow substantially in the future. In that network is used for video streaming, the inherent unreliability of frequently results in corrupted video packets and jitter during video playback. Such an aberration is especially pronounced in wireless networks due to the fading and multipath interference impediments in wireless channels. Protocol based video transmission provides reliability at the cost of severely increased delay arising from frequent retransmissions in case of packet error over wireless links and constraints from session and application layers for insequence delivery. These delays are substantially worsened in low SNR (signal-to-noise power ratio) wireless environments. Multiple Protocol connections, which efficiently utilize the bandwidth of the wireless channel, have been demonstrated to yield significantly improved quality of video streaming over wireless channels while enhancing the reliability of video delivery compared to protocols. In this paper we propose new scalable hierarchical adaptive bitrate video coding over heterogeneity network for reliable video transmission over wireless channels while reducing the delay and jitter of video streaming.
How chlorfenvinphos affects serum concentrations of transition metals, hydrogen peroxide and erythrocyte activity of superoxide dismutase

The aim of this paper was to examine the effects of chorfenvinphos on serum concentrations of transition metals, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation index), and on the activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes. Male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 x LD50 of chlorfenvinphos and samples were collected at 1, 24 and 48 hr after treatment. The experiments were approved by the Local Ethics
Deregulated expression of the TAL1 gene by t(1;5)(p32;q31) in patient with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

TAL1 gene deregulation is frequent in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) and can result from translocations involving 1p32 or, more frequently, from a cytogenetically undetectable interstitial deletion of chromosome 1. This study presents a case of T‐ALL with a t(1;5)(p32;q31) involving TAL1, in which the breakpoint occurs approximately 10 kbp 5′ to the gene and leads to transcriptional activation and synthesis of a TAL1 protein, and extends the spectrum of recognized TAL1 gene translocations associated with T‐ALL. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 23:36–43, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inspiration, simulation and design for smart robot manipulators from the sucker actuation mechanism of cephalopods

Octopus arms house 200–300 independently controlled suckers that can alternately afford an octopus fine manipulation of small objects and produce high adhesion forces on virtually any non-porous surface. Octopuses use their suckers to grasp, rotate and reposition soft objects (e.g., octopus eggs) without damaging them and to provide strong, reversible adhesion forces to anchor the octopus to hard substrates (e.g., rock) during wave surge. The biological ‘design’ of the sucker system is understood to be divided anatomically into three functional groups: the infundibulum that produces a surface seal that conforms to arbitrary surface geometry; the acetabulum that generates negative pressures for adhesion; and the extrinsic muscles that allow adhered surfaces to be rotated relative to the arm. The effector underlying these abilities is the muscular hydrostat. Guided by sensory input, the thousands of muscle fibers within the muscular hydrostats of the sucker act in coordination to provide stiffness or force when and where needed. The mechanical malleability of octopus suckers, the interdigitated arrangement of their muscle fibers and the flexible interconnections of its parts make direct studies of their control challenging. We developed a dynamic simulator (ABSAMS) that models the general functioning of muscular hydrostat systems built from assemblies of biologically constrained muscular hydrostat models. We report here on simulation studies of octopus-inspired and artificial suckers implemented in this system. These simulations reproduce aspects of octopus sucker performance and squid tentacle extension. Simulations run with these models using parameters from man-made actuators and materials can serve as tools for designing soft robotic implementations of man-made artificial suckers and soft manipulators.
Phosphorus uptake and growth of blue‐green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa

The specific uptake rate Qp of orthophosphate (expressed throughout as phosphorus) and the specific growth rate μ of Microcystis aeruginosa were measured using batch‐precultured cells, whose growth phase, and intracellular and extracellular phosphorus concentrations fp and P, respectively, had been changed. When the cells from phosphorus‐rich precultures were used, smaller values of Qp (0.1–0.3 μg P mg dry wt. −1 h −1) were observed. However, if phosphorusstarved cells were used, the initial value of Qp was enhanced to more than ten times those smaller values referred to above, but declined rapidly with time after the transfer. Qp leveled off at around t = 4 h, when fp approached the maximum value, even if phosphorus was still available in the medium. A new correlation was presented here with respect to Qp as a function of P and fp as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Q_p = Q_{p,\max } \frac{P}{{K_p + P}}\frac{{(f_{p,\max } - f_p )}}{{(f_{p,\max } - f_p )}} $$\end{document} Although numerical values of parameters involved in the equation depend on physiological state (or preculture history) of the cells, the above equation could account not only for phosphorus uptake, during which changes in phosphorus content in the cells were observed, but also for initial rates of uptake presented previously by other workers. μ Values were confirmed to be a hyperbolic function of fp as has been suggested by previous workers.
Increased replication of HTLV‐I in HTLV‐I–associated myelopathy

To estimate the replication of the human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I) in patients with HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy (HAM), or tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), HTLV‐I DNA integrated into lymphocyte genomes was analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. HTLV‐I DNA was detected in 125 (82%) of 153 patients and most showed random integration. This incidence was much higher than the 29% found in asymtopmatic carriers. Therefore, HAM/TSP development is associated with a high level of HTLV‐I replication. In addition, lymphocytes from 3 patients with HAM/TSP showed monoclonal integration of HTLV‐I DNA, indicating adult T‐cell leukemia.
Vaccination and the law.

BACKGROUND Debate on whether vaccination should be made mandatory through law is vexed and centres on the rights of the community versus those of the individual - in particular, their right to make decisions in the best interest of their child. OBJECTIVE This review examines the role that legislation and case law play in determining whether it is in the child's best interest to be protected against vaccine-preventable diseases. DISCUSSION Legislating to make vaccination mandatory raises conflicting issues. Legal compulsion may impinge on a parent's right to choose what they consider is in the best interest of their child. The dilemma is whether achieving herd immunity, in particular the protection of children against serious and preventable diseases, justifies infringing on these rights.
Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Vascular Disease and Erectile Dysfunction: Theory and Outcomes.

INTRODUCTION Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) to the penis has recently emerged as a new and promising modality in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM To review the published literature on the mechanism of action of LI-ESWT; and to report our clinical data on its efficacy in men with vasculogenic ED. METHODS A Medline search using the relevant keywords on this topic has been done. RESULTS From the results of numerous preclinical and animal studies that have been done to date, sufficient evidence shows that the underlying mechanism of action of LI-ESWT is probably neovascularization. Therefore, local application of LI-ESWT to the corpora cavernosa may potentially act in the same mechanism and increase corporal blood flow. We found that the application of LI-ESWT to patients who responded to oral therapy (PDE5i) eliminated their dependence on PDE5i and they were able to successfully achieve erections and vaginal penetration (60-75%). Furthermore, PDE5i non-responders became responders and capable of vaginal penetration (72%). Additionally, LI-ESWT resulted in long-term improvement of the erectile mechanism. CONCLUSIONS LI-ESWT has the potential to improve and permanently restore erectile function by reinstating the penile blood flow. Although these results on LI-ESWT are promising, further multi- centered studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings. Gruenwald I, Kitrey ND, Appel B, and Vardi Y. Stem low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in vascular disease and erectile dysfunction: Theory and outcomes. Sex Med Rev 2013;1:83-90.
Exercise workload, coronary risk evaluation and the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death in middle-aged men

Background No data exist on exercise workload combined with European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) with respect to death from cardiovascular diseases and other causes. We therefore investigated the prognostic significance of risk scores and exercise capacity with respect to cardiovascular diseases. Design A population-based follow-up study. Methods Exercise workload was measured by exercise test with an electrically braked cycle ergometer. The study is based on a random population-based sample of 1639 men (42–60 years) without history of type II diabetes or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease, stroke or claudication. Results During an average follow-up of 16 years, a total of 304 overall deaths and 116 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Relative risk (RR) was 2.50 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.71–3.68, P < 0.001] for all-cause death and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14–3.65, P = 0.016) for cardiovascular death among men with exercise capacity less than 162W as compared with those with exercise capacity over 230 W, after adjustment for risk factors. Independent predictors for all-cause death were European SCORE (for 1% increment, RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10–1.20, P < 0.001), exercise workload (for 20W increment, RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91, P < 0.001), C-reactive protein and alcohol consumption, when adjusted for serum high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, family history of coronary heart disease, exercise-induced ST changes and the use of medications for hypertension, dyslipidemia or aspirin. Conclusion Low exercise workload predicts an especially high risk for death from cardiovascular and any other cause when combined with high risk SCORE.
Impact of Preinterventional Arterial Remodeling on Neointimal Hyperplasia After Implantation of (Non–Polymer-Encapsulated) Paclitaxel-Coated Stents: A Serial Volumetric Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis From the ASian Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Clinical Trial (ASPECT)

Background—This study used serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to evaluate the effect of preinterventional arterial remodeling on in-stent intimal hyperplasia (IH) after implantation of non–polymer-encapsulated paclitaxel-coated stents. Methods and Results—Patients were randomized to placebo or one of two doses of paclitaxel (low dose, 1.28 &mgr;g/mm2; high dose, 3.10 &mgr;g/mm2). Complete preinterventional, post–stent implantation, and follow-up IVUS were available in 18 low-dose and 21 high-dose patients. IH volumes were similar in low-dose and high-dose patients: 17.6±15.1 mm3 in low-dose patients and 13.1±13.3 mm3 in high-dose patients (P =0.3). Therefore, IVUS findings in low- and high-dose patients were combined. Preinterventional remodeling was assessed by comparing lesion site to proximal and distal reference arterial area: positive remodeling (lesion>proximal reference, n=13), intermediate remodeling (distal reference<lesion<proximal reference, n=13), and negative remodeling (lesion<distal reference, n=13). During follow-up, there was a decrease in lumen volume in positive remodeling lesions (from 106±30 to 90±27 mm3; P =0.0067) and in intermediate remodeling lesions (from 97±28 to 76±31 mm3; P =0.0004), but not in negative remodeling lesions (99±27 versus 92±32 mm3; P =0.15). The follow-up IH volume was lower in negative remodeling lesions (5±7 mm3) compared with positive remodeling (20±14 mm3; P =0.0051) and intermediate remodeling lesions (20±15 mm3; P =0.0043); however, IH volume was virtually identical in positive and intermediate remodeling lesions. Multivariate linear regression analysis determined that remodeling and inflation pressure were independent predictors of IH volume; variables tested in the model included diabetes, acute coronary syndromes, dose, remodeling, and preinterventional plaque burden. Conclusions—Preinterventional arterial remodeling, especially negative remodeling, influences neointimal hyperplasia suppression after implantation of non–polymer-encapsulated paclitaxel-coated stents.
Molecular analysis of wild and domestic sheep questions current nomenclature and provides evidence for domestication from two different subspecies

Complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control regions (CR) were sequenced and analysed in order to investigate wild sheep taxonomy and the origin of domestic sheep (Ovis aries). The dataset for phylogenetic analyses includes 63 unique CR sequences from wild sheep of the mouflon (O. musimon, O. orientalis), urial (O. vignei), argali (O. ammon) and bighorn (O. canadensis) groups, and from domestic sheep of Asia, Europe and New Zealand. Domestic sheep occurred in two clearly separated branches with mouflon (O. musimon) mixed into one of the domestic sheep clusters. Genetic distances and molecular datings based on O. canadensis CR and mtDNA protein–coding sequences provide strong evidence for domestications from two mouflon subspecies. Other wild sheep sequences are in two additional well–separated branches. Ovis ammon collium and O. ammon nigrimontana are joined with a specimen from the transkaspian Ust–Urt plateau currently named O. vignei arkal. Ovis ammon ammon, O. ammon darwini and O. vignei bochariensis represent a separate clade and the earliest divergence from the mouflon group. Therefore, O. musimon, O. vignei bochariensis and Ust–Urt sheep are not members of a ‘moufloniform’ or O. orientalis species, but belong to different clades. Furthermore, Ust–Urt sheep could be a hybrid population or an O. ammon subspecies closely related to O. ammon nigrimontana.
Chemiluminescent detection of catecholamines by generation of hydrogen peroxide with imidazole.

A novel detection method for catecholamines using imidazole was investigated using a chemiluminescence coupled flow injection system. Imidazole catalysed decomposition of catecholamines to generate hydrogen peroxide, then the hydrogen peroxide was detected by chemiluminescence. The optimal condition for generation of hydrogen peroxide from a catecholamine was to incubate the catecholamines (53 pmol) in an imidazole solution (50 mmol/L, pH 9.0, 1.0 mL) at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Peroxide-was detected by peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence, and the rank order of the light emission intensities was as follows; dopamine (100%) >epinephrine (78%) >L-DOPA (62%) >norepinephrine (58%) >deoxyepinephrine (51%) >isoproterenol (43%) >dihydroxybenzylamine (25%). The light intensities of the reaction mixtures (corresponding to 1.06 pmol catecholamines) varied depending on the chemiluminescence (CL) detection reaction, and the rank order of the light intensity was as follows; luminol CL catalysed with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (371%) >peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (100%) >luminol CL catalysed with ferrycyanide (62%) >lucigenin CL (15%) >pyrogallol CL (0.8%) >purpurogallin CL (0.4%) >luminol CL (0.3%). The luminol CL reaction catalysed by HRP is recommended for the detection of peroxide in this method for catecholamines.
Decreased toxicity of the N-methyl analogs of acetaminophen and phenacetin.

The N-methyl analogs of p-hydroxyacetanilide (acetaminophen) and p-ethoxyacetanilide (phenacetin) were prepared and tested for toxicity. N-Methylacetaminophen was found to cause no hepatic necrosis in mice, rats, or hamsters in doses that caused massive hepatic necrosis in the same animals when acetaminophen was administered. Neither acetaminophen nor its N-methylated analog caused methemoglobinemia at these dose levels. Fischer rats that were administered large doses of acetaminophen (900 mg/kg s.c.) sustained necrosis in the proximal renal tubules, whereas N-methylacetaminophen caused no renal injury at higher dose levels (1800 mg/kg s.c.). N-Methylphenacetin caused no observable hepatic necrosis in 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) pretreated hamsters at dose levels higher than those in which phenacetin caused hepatic necrosis. Also, in contrast to phenacetin, N-methylphenacetin did not cause extensive methemoglobinemia in mice, rats, or hamsters.
Quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in patients with an ileal conduit, cutaneous or urethral kock pouch.

PURPOSE Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer is associated with many changes in bodily function with sexual and urinary dysfunction most prevalent. However, little research has been done on how efforts to improve erectile function relate to quality of life. Also, the psychological benefits associated with continent urinary diversion have not been fully explored. We compared long-term quality of life outcomes among 3 urinary diversion groups, and between patients who had and had not received an inflatable penile prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 224 participating patients completed 4 self-reporting questionnaires, including the profile of mood states, and adapted versions of the sexual history form, body image dissatisfaction scale and quality of life questionnaire. We compared self-reports of emotional distress, global quality of life, sexuality, body image dissatisfaction, urinary diversion problems, and problems with social, physical and functional activities in patients with advanced bladder cancer who underwent urinary diversion, including an ileal conduit in 25, cutaneous Kock pouch in 93 and urethral Kock pouch in 103. Patients who had or had not received an inflatable penile prosthesis after cystectomy were also compared in regard to quality of life variables. RESULTS Regardless of type of urinary diversion the majority of patients reported good overall quality of life, little emotional distress and few problems with social, physical or functional activities. Problems with urinary diversion and sexual functioning were identified as most common. After controlling for age analysis of variance showed no significant differences among urinary diversion subgroups in any quality of life area. However, t tests controlling for age indicated that penile prosthesis placement was significantly associated with better sexual function and satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Quality of life appears good in these long-term survivors of advanced bladder cancer. The type of urinary diversion does not appear to be associated with differential quality of life. Findings suggest that physicians may wish to discuss urinary diversion problems and sexual dysfunction as long-term correlates of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Furthermore, they may also wish to discuss the option of erectile aids in men with erectile dysfunction after cystectomy.
Investigation of magneto-dielectric thin films as substrates for patch antennas

In the present paper we discuss the effect of magneto-dielectric laminated thin films on the characteristics of a patch antenna. The results found in the literature for antenna using bulk magneto-dielectric substrates are revised and discussion is addressed to the practical case of μ and ε larger than unity. We present an original solution based on a high permeability thin film suitable for microwave regime. It consists in using a combination of ultrahigh magnetization and ultrahigh exchange-biased FeCo multilayers with dielectrics. Measurements are presented using the microwave composite as a prospective patch antenna substrate.
Toolkit for the Analysis of Debt Problems

The purpose of this paper is to review a number of tools that may allow an independent observer to assess the likelihood of default, to provide the clues for an evaluation of likely restructuring scenarios and to be able to estimate possible financial and real implications of such an event. In this study we develop seven key measures for analyzing debt problems. The seven measures are mutually reinforcing in that each measure helps to shed lights on aspects of debt problems highlighted by the others. Depending on the nature of the problem some measures may be used alone.
Cloning and functional analysis of two gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase genes that are differently expressed during the growth of rice

We have cloned two gibberellin (GA) 3β-hydroxylase genes, OsGA3ox1 and OsGA3ox2, from rice by screening a genomic library with a DNA fragment obtained by PCR using degenerate primers. We have used full-scan GC-MS and Kovats retention indices to show function for the two encoded recombinant fusion proteins. Both proteins show 3β-hydroxylase activity for the steps GA20 to GA1, GA5 to GA3, GA44 to GA38, and GA9 to GA4. In addition, indirect evidence suggests that the OsGA3ox1 protein also has 2,3-desaturase activity, which catalyzes the steps GA9 to 2,3-dehydro-GA9 and GA20 to GA5 (2,3-dehydro GA20), and 2β-hydroxylase activity, which catalyzes the steps GA1 to GA8 and GA4 to GA34. Molecular and linkage analysis maps the OsGA3ox1 gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 5; the OsGA3ox2 gene maps to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 1 that corresponds to the D18 locus. The association of the OsGA3ox2 gene with the d18 locus is confirmed by sequence and complementation analysis of three d18 alleles. Complementation of the d18-AD allele with the OxGA3ox2 gene results in transgenic plants with a normal phenotype. Although both genes show transient expression, the highest level for OsGA3ox1 is from unopened flower. The highest level for OsGA3ox2 is from elongating leaves.
Triangular/square-wave generator with independently controllable frequency and amplitude

A triangular/square-wave generator with current-controllable frequency and amplitude is presented. The generator utilizes operational transconductance amplifiers as switching elements. A prototype circuit built with commercially available components exhibits less than 2% nonlinearity in its current-to-frequency transfer characteristic from 1 to 10 kHz and -150 ppm//spl deg/C temperature coefficient of frequency over 15/spl deg/C to 35/spl deg/C. The circuit also displays wide sweep capability and good linearity of current to amplitude. The application of the circuit to a current-controllable saw-tooth waveform generator is also presented.