Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Motivation of Multilayer Control Levels for Microgrids: Synchronization, Voltage and Frequency Restoration Perspective

The current paradigm in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents various technical challenges in terms of reliable operation and control. This paper performs a comprehensive justification of microgrid trends in dominant control strategies. It covers multilayer hierarchical control schemes, which are able to integrate seamlessly with coordinated control strategies. A general overview of the hierarchical control family that includes primary, secondary, tertiary controls is presented. For power sharing accuracy and capability, droop and non-droop-based controllers are comprehensively studied to address further development. The voltage and frequency restoration techniques are discussed thoroughly based on centralized and decentralized method in order to highlights the differences for better comprehend. The comprehensive studies of grid synchronization strategies also overviewed and analyzed under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. The details studies for each control level are displayed to highlight the benefits and shortcomings of each control method. A future prediction from the authors’ point of view is also provided to acknowledge which control is adequate to be adopted in proportion to their products applications and a possibility technique for self-synchronization is given in this paper.
Protein synthesis in green beans under salt stress conditions

Abstract Salinity is a major agricultural problem in arid and semi‐arid regions, resulting in retarded plant growth and reduced crop yield. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NaCl stress on nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis in three varieties of green beans, and to select the most salt tolerant and suitable cultivar among the three for cultural practices. To achieve this goal, protein synthesis and protein‐15N content of three green bean cultivars (Phasedus vulgaris L., cv. ‘Tender Improved’, ‘Slim Green’, and ‘Kentucky Wonder') were compared. This comparison was done by using 15N under three different NaCl salinity levels (Control = 0.3, 2.5, and 5.0 bars osmotic pressures), in Hoagland nutrient solution, in a growth chamber. The 7‐day‐old bean seedlings were grown for 7 additional days in complete Hoagland solution before and 7 days after the completion of salinization with NaCl. This was followed by a 15‐day 15N uptake period after 1SNH4 15NO3 addition to the culture solut.
Fertcare: A Model for Linking Soil and Plant Testing with Quality Assurance for Interpretation

Fertilizers provide an effective way to replace valuable plant nutrients that are removed in crop and animal products. Fertilizers also have potential to harm other ecosystems or impact food safety. Soil and plant testing is the foundation of management practices appropriate for specific sites and farming systems. Food safety and environmental issues associated with nutrients are areas of policy focus and public debate. The environmental issue of greatest concern for the Australian fertilizer industry is eutrophication. Recently there has been a strong public policy focus on the problem of transport of nutrients into the Great Barrier Reef catchments. The fertilizer industry has had significant involvement in developing policy responses to this issue. The industry has made a commitment to effectively manage environment and food safety issues by developing and delivering a fertilizer product stewardship program, Fertcare. This program is grounded in accepted science with the technical content of the program overseen by a committee of leading public- and private-sector experts in the fields of soils, plant nutrition, food safety, and environmental science. It is further strengthened by training that meets national competency standards and accredited advisors, who are independently audited every two years to ensure that they meet rigorous standards set by the Australasian Soil and Plant Analysis Council (ASPAC). With 2,400 people trained and 345 accredited advisors, Fertcare is a powerful tool in implementing practices that reduce environment and food safety risks. Fertcare provides strong assurance to government, consumers, and farmers that sound practices are being followed, and the program integrates nutrient management, public policy, and food quality assurance schemes. Fertcare underpins the significant contribution of the fertilizer industry to the development and implementation of good public policy to deal with issues associated with the use of fertilizer products. Fertcare helps ensure that sound science is put into practice by land managers through provision of consistent advice. This article provides a case history and description of the Australian Fertcare program.
Classificação do estado de atenção do estudante: detectando a mensuração cerebral e as expressões faciais

Este artigo destaca a análise de reações capturadas pelo sistema de um conjunto de dados emocionais e a análise das atividades cerebrais. O experimento foi conduzido com uma amostra de dez estudantes universitários. Cada aluno recebeu dois vídeos com duração de cinco minutos com imagens aleatórias de diferentes emoções (vídeo educacional e vídeo publicitário). As reações foram registradas pelo sistema FER e pelo sensor Emotiv de EEG (Eletroencefalograma). Os resultados do experimento mostraram diferentes atividades cerebrais coletadas pelo sensor e no sistema de análise de expressões faciais. O sistema classifica as emoções e expressões faciais durante a atividade de apreciação dos vídeos.
Vision Positioning method for Autonomous Precise Landing of UAV Based on Square Landing Mark

Rotor-craft is a kind of VTOL UAV and is widely used in multiple fields. Among relative researches, vision guided autonomous landing of rotor-craft has been a hot spot, where vision positioning is the most crucial. The core of the algorithm is to calculate the position and attitude information according to the change of the visual image of the same object at different time or frame. Based on the real-time self calibration technology of airborne monocular vision, this paper puts forward a method that takes the designed landing mark composed of black and white squares as the cooperative target, solving the relative pose of camera and cooperative target to carry out the landing positioning of UAV, and realizes the full-automatic sub-pixel precision linear edge detection to ensure the accuracy of visual positioning. A series of simulation experiments show that for 768 * 576 pixel image, when the camera is about 12m away from the target and the noise deviation reaches 3 pixels, the total time of edge extraction and calibration is 0.511s, and the position and attitude estimation are still satisfactory, which shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively realize the autonomous landing of UAV.
Supported gold catalysts for CO oxidation: Effect of calcination on structure, adsorption and catalytic behaviour

Adsorption behaviour and CO oxidation activity of TiO2- and ZrO2-supported gold catalysts, prepared by adsorption of gold colloids on the supports, have been investigated by pulse thermal analysis and diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy. Structural investigations using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that Au particles, mainly in the metallic state and with similar particle size distribution (2.0–3.0 nm), could be prepared on both supports, but the as-prepared samples contained carbonaceous impurities from the preparation procedure. Upon calcinations in 20 vol.% oxygen/He only slight sintering occurred up to 600°C. Above 600°C, the gold particles sintered on both supports. CO oxidation activity, studied by injection of CO pulses into an oxygen stream in the thermoanalyzer, depended strongly on the calcination temperature of the catalysts. Maximal activity was obtained for the catalysts calcined at 500°C (Au/TiO2) and 560°C (Au/ZrO2), respectively. Catalysts calcined at higher temperatures exhibited lower activity due to sintering of the gold particles. CO adsorption was found to be weak on both catalyst systems. No significant adsorption of O2 and CO2 could be detected by pulse thermal analysis. CO adsorption increased for catalysts calcined up to 200–400°C. Calcination temperatures leading to maximal CO adsorption did not coincide with calcination temperatures affording maximal CO oxidation activity. Moreover, the removal of carbonaceous residues during calcination was found to be correlated to the activity. The results of the adsorption studies do not support a Mars–van Krevelen mechanism, where lattice oxygen would be involved. CO oxidation by the reaction of adsorbed CO with molecularly adsorbed oxygen seems more likely.
Receiver Integration with Arrayed Waveguide Gratings toward Multi-Wavelength Data-Centric Communications and Computing

This paper reviews receivers that feature low-loss multimode-output arrayed waveguide gratings (MM-AWGs) for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) as well as hybrid integration techniques with high-speed throughput of up to 100 Gb/s and beyond. A design of optical coupling between higher-order multimode beams and a photodiode for a flat-top spectral shape is described in detail. The WDM photoreceivers were fabricated with different approaches. A 10-Gb/s photoreceiver was developed for a 1.25-Gb/s baud rate and assembled for eight-channel WDM by mechanical alignment. A receiver with 40-Gb/s throughput was built by using visual alignment for a 10-Gb/s baud rate and four-channel WDM. A 100-Gb/s receiver assembled by active alignment with a four-channel by 25-Gb/s baud rate is the basis for beyond-100 Gb/s and future multi-wavelength integrated devices toward data-centric communications and computing.
Parliamentary Communication Allowances: Good for Nothing?

In many countries, members of parliament receive publicly funded allowances to communicate with the electorate. Some hope that ensuing parliamentary communication engages the people with politics and increases electoral participation. Others worry that such use of public funds might create an unfair advantage for incumbents and affect electoral results. Yet, the consequences of this practice remain unknown. Data from the UK House of Commons suggest that both the hopes and the worries are baseless: there is no evidence that parliamentary communication allowances increase electoral turnout or affect incumbents’ vote share. If these allowances are not effective, both parliaments and their members might want to reconsider their use and usefulness.
Understanding Credit Risk for Chinese Companies using Machine Learning: A Default-Based Approach

In response to the recent elevated corporate credit risk environment in China’s credit market, we develop a probability of default (PD) measure for Chinese companies using actual corporate bond defaults by applying the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) machine learning model. Our PD measure is applicable to publicly listed and also, importantly, to unlisted companies. Our measure’s bond default prediction accuracy outperforms models generated by alternative machine learning techniques and other prominent credit risk measures. Further analysis documents a large pricing effect of corporate default risk using our PD measure in primary and secondary bond markets. The pricing effect of default risk became more pronounced following two crucial market events in 2014 that raised market awareness of credit risk and is stronger for bonds likely traded by retail and foreign investors. In the cross section of bond and stock returns, we observe a positive distress risk premium after controlling for common risk factors. Finally, stocks of low PD firms outperformed those of high PD firms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The single batch biosorption of copper(II) ions on Sargassum acinarum

AbstractIn this study, the biosorption of copper(II) ions to Sargassum acinarum, a brown seaweed, was investigated in a batch system. The optimum biosorption conditions were determined as initial pH 5.5, temperature 25°C, initial copper(II) ion concentration 100 mg/L and biosorbent concentration 1.0 g/L. At the optimum biosorption conditions, the biosorption capacity of S. acinarum for copper(II) ions was found as 36.56 mg/g algae. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the biosorption data and the biosorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum biosorption capacity of 40.50 mg/g (0.637 mmol/g algae) of copper(II) ions. The intraparticle diffusion model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model were applied to the experimental data in order to determine the removal mechanism and biosorption kinetic of copper(II) ions by S. acinarum. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described very well the biosorption kinetic of copper(II) ions. Results show.
Sugars in the gas phase: the spectroscopy and structure of jet-cooled phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside

The first spectroscopic investigation and full structural assignment of a model glycoside in the gas phase, namely phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside, is reported, based upon measurements of its resonant two photon ionisation and infra-red ion dip spectra together with supporting ab initio calculations. Three conformers (two gauche and one trans) were identified and structurally assigned. A comparison with the predictions of earlier high-level ab initio calculations on the unsubstituted sugar, indicate that the addition of a phenyl substituent at position 1 on the pyranoside ring, has very little effect on the low energy region of its conformational landscape.
Importance of Cellulosic Fines Relative to the Dewatering Rates of Fiber Suspensions

When cellulosic fines are present in significant amounts, they can have a dominant influence on dewatering. Pulp suspensions drain rapidly if the fines have been removed. In this study, the dependency of gravity dewatering rates on the level and properties of cellulosic fine matter was quantified. Bleached hardwood kraft pulp was used as a source of primary fines (collected before refining) and secondary fines (collected after refining of fines-free fiber suspensions). Fractions of fine matter also were obtained from chemithermomechanical (CTMP) pulp. Size distributions of these fines were characterized using a laser diffraction method. Results were explainable by a mechanism in which unattached fines are able to move relative to adjacent fibers during the dewatering and consolidation of a mat of fibers. Due to such movement, fines end up in locations where they plug drainage channels in the mat. The contribution of the fines to dewatering increased in inverse proportion to particle size and with increasi.
Recombination lifetime in a gold-doped p-type silicon crystal

The temperature dependence of the carrier recombination lifetime in a gold-doped p-type silicon is analysed on the basis of the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination theory. The analysis indicates that the temperature dependence of the recombination lifetime does not practically give an energy level of a recombination centre locating at an energy level deeper than about 0.35 eV from either the silicon conduction-band edge or the valence-band edge. The recombination lifetime in a gold-doped p-type silicon is measured at various temperatures using a microwave photoconductive decay method. The observed temperature dependence of the recombination lifetime indicates that the lifetime is controlled by the gold donor. However, the observed recombination lifetime is about one-eighth of the recombination lifetime calculated using the gold-donor concentration as determined by deep-level transient spectroscopy. Some causes for this discrepancy are discussed.
Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the properties of HfO2/La2O3 nanolaminate films deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

In this work, HfO2/La2O3 nanolaminate films were deposited on Si substrates by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition with in situ plasma treatment. Different annealing treatments were adopted to change films structure and performance. The upper HfO2 layers in HfO2/La2O3 nanolaminates were easily crystallized after annealing at 800 °C, while all the La2O3 layers kept amorphous. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that LaO(OH) and La(OH)3 peaks became weak, H2O molecules in laminates evaporated during high-temperature annealing. Band diagram analysis showed that valence band offset and band gap widened after 800 °C annealing. Annealing, especially 800 °C annealing, had gentle effect on leakage current, but could obviously change capacitance and permittivity due to tetragonal and cubic phase formed in the HfO2 film.
Differences between Severe and Nonsevere Warm-Season, Nocturnal Bow Echo Environments

Nocturnal bow echoes can produce wind damage, even in situations where elevated convection occurs. Accurate forecasts of wind potential tend to be more challenging for operational forecasters than for daytime bows because of incomplete understanding of how elevated convection interacts with the stable boundary layer. The present study compares the differences in warm-season, nocturnal bow echo environments in which high intensity [>70 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1)] severe winds (HS), low intensity (50–55 kt) severe winds (LS), and nonsevere winds (NS) occurred. Using a sample of 132 events from 2010 to 2018, 43 forecast parameters from the SPC mesoanalysis system were examined over a 120 km × 120 km region centered on the strongest storm report or most pronounced bowing convective segment. Severe composite parameters are found to be among the best discriminators between all severity types, especially derecho composite parameter (DCP) and significant tornado parameter (STP). Shear parameters are significant discriminators only between severe and nonsevere cases, while convective available potential energy (CAPE) parameters are significant discriminators only between HS and LS/NS bow echoes. Convective inhibition (CIN) is among the worst discriminators for all severity types. The parameters providing the most predictive skill for HS bow echoes are STP and most unstable CAPE, and for LS bow echoes these are the V wind component at best CAPE (VMXP) level, STP, and the supercell composite parameter. Combinations of two parameters are shown to improve forecasting skill further, with the combination of surface-based CAPE and 0–6-km U shear component, and DCP and VMXP, providing the most skillful HS and LS forecasts, respectively.
Geological Hazards in Loess Induced by Agricultural Irrigation in Arid and Semiarid Regions of China

The development of agriculture in the arid and semiarid regions of China mainly depends on agricultural irrigation. Until 2016, water required for agricultural irrigation has accounted for more than 90% of the total water consumption. But traditionally extensive broad irrigation causes frequent loess geological hazards in irrigation area and it threatens security of local life and property. In this paper, we selected the Heifangtai irrigation district in Yongjing County, Gansu Province, where frequent instabilities occur, as the study area. We used laboratory tests and numerical simulation to examine the mechanism of loess landslides owing to the irrigation hydrological cycle. Irrigation changes the local natural hydrogeological conditions because of the loose and macroporous structure of loess. The numerous pores and fissures constitute preferential migration pathways of irrigation water; thus, irrigation can increase the groundwater level and hydraulic gradient. Broad irrigation is the main inducing factor of geological hazards (including landslides, collapses, and soil salinization) in arid and semiarid regions, and the development of fissures and sinkholes increases the risk of landslides. New water-saving irrigation methods need to replace the traditional irrigation methods and improve the utilization of water resources. A monitoring and warning system in susceptible areas should be established to ensure the sustainability of local agriculture.
Slow Food as one in many a semiotic network approach to the geographical development of a social movement

Slow Food is a global, grassroots movement aimed at enhancing and sustaining local food cultures and traditions worldwide. Since its establishment in the 1980s as a local protest movement in Italy, Slow Food evolved into a global movement composed through countless local ‘grassroots’ activities intersecting with more ‘top-down’ umbrella orchestration and framing. This paper explores the many faces of this one-in-many movement by focusing on the circulation and variation of Slow Food ideas and practices across the world. The core argument is that these ideas and practices effectively capture and steer the manifold affective moments emerging from local and network activities. The affective–effective conversions are traced here by applying a semiotic-network approach to a large corpus of Slow Food websites. Thus adopting a novel approach and methodology of tracing the geographical development of a social movement, the paper reveals both grassroots and global patterns of change and diffusion, and zooms in on specific nodes, connections and practices that play a key role in the movement’s development. In doing so, we develop a research strategy that is better able to make sense of complex and non-linear processes of geographical diffusion-innovation.
Effects on Energy Demand in an Office Building Considering Location, Orientation, Façade Design and Internal Heat Gains—A Parametric Study

12.9% of the energy use in the EU originates from the commercial and public sector. It has therefore become a priority to optimize energy efficiency in these buildings. The purpose of this study has been to explore how energy demand in a new office building is affected by different internal heat gains, location, orientation, and façade design, and also to see how different indicators can change perspective on energy efficiency. The study was performed with simulations in IDA-ICE with different façade design and changes in internal heat gains (IHG), orientation, and location. Energy demand was then compared to two different indicators. Using a façade designed to lower solar heat gains had little effect on energy demand in the north of Sweden, but slightly more effect further south. The amount of internal heat gains had significant effect on energy demand. Making deeper studies on design and internal heat gains should therefore be prioritized in the beginning of new building projects so the most energy-efficient design can be chosen. When the indicator kWh/m2 was used, the cases with low internal heat gains were perceived as the most energy efficient, while when kWh/(m2 × hpers) (hpers = hours of use) was used, the cases with high occupancy and low electricity use were considered to be the most energy efficient. Therefore, revising the standardized indicator is of great importance.
FTIR studies of conformational energies of poly(acrylic acid) in cast films

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements have been undertaken to estimate the conformational energies of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) cast films in the temperature range of 40–130°C. The temperature dependence of the IR spectra in the C=O stretching region has been analyzed to yield the side-chain and backbone conformational energies. The estimated energies are close to those previously obtained by polarized Raman spectroscopic measurements for PAA solutions. Combining the FTIR value of conformational energy with the simplified rotational isomeric state (RIS) model proposed in the Raman analysis provides a persistence length in accordance with earlier SAXS experiments. The data also agree with the Gibbs-DiMarzio predictions, further substantiating the validity of the analysis. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 35: 507–515, 1997