Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Flour and Hull Extracts from Different Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars

The content of rutin, quercetin, total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant properties in ethanol extract of flour and hull from 13 tartary buckwheat cultivars widely grown in China was investigated. HPLC showed that the content of rutin ranged from 7.33 to 440.43 in flour and from 5.18 to 168.7 mg/g DW in hull. Trace quercetin were detected in both flour and hull extracts of all cultivars and the values were determined as 0.74-275.90 and 0.77-15.65 mg/g DW, respectively. The contents of total phenol/flavonoid in the flour were significantly greater than that in hull, and their content varied between samples. The result showed that JQ, QW, and NP are potential candidates for developing of functional food.
Gq Signaling Is Required for Allergen-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia1

The complexity and magnitude of interactions leading to the selective infiltration of eosinophils in response to inhaled allergens are formidable obstacles to a larger understanding of the pulmonary pathology associated with allergic asthma. This study uses knockout mice to demonstrate a novel function for the heterotrimeric G protein, Gq, in the regulation of pulmonary eosinophil recruitment. In the absence of Gq signaling, eosinophils failed to accumulate in the lungs following allergen challenge. These studies demonstrate that the inhibition of eosinophil accumulation in the airways is attributed to the failure of hemopoietically derived cells to elaborate GM-CSF in the airways. The data suggest that activation of a Gq-coupled receptor(s) on resident leukocytes in the lung elicits expression of GM-CSF, which, in turn, is required for allergen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia, identifying a novel pathway of eosinophil-associated effector functions leading to pulmonary pathology in diseases such as asthma.
Effect of triploidy on quality traits of shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa L.) until the second rearing year

Carcass and flesh morphometric, reological and chemical traits of triploid (3n) and diploid (2n) shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa L.) were evaluated through 7 months. Three age groups, 17-, 21- and 24-month-old fish, were investigated. The effects of ploidy were statistically evaluated and the weight of fish was included in the model as a covariate because triploids grew less than diploids. As expected, fish weight was found to be significantly correlated with all the investigated morphometric traits, but showed a negative correlation with some chemical (pH) and colour traits (lightness) of raw fillet. In comparison with controls, triploid shi drums were characterized by different morphological traits that involved a slender body shape. In triploids, a reduction in condition factor, backbone weight, dressing index and an increase in the agility index were also recorded. When the commercial size (i.e. over 300 g) was achieved, triploids exhibited larger coelomatic and fillet (dorsal white muscle) fat deposition than diploids. Among reological traits, colour and texture were affected by ploidy; raw fillet lightness and cooked flesh tenderness were higher among triploids in all the investigated age groups. As fish were fed with a restricted feeding regimen, fillet fat deposition was supposed to be limited. Thus, the effects of ploidy on reological traits may be only partially explained by lipid fillet amount and are supposed to be more related to different fibre muscle architecture.
Superplastic deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline copper: a molecular dynamics study

In the process of the generation of jet formed by the shaped charge explosive compression, the grain of the metal liner is refined from 30-80 μm down to sub-micron or nanometer level. There is a strong scientific significance for studying the mechanism of grain refinement and dynamic superplastic deformation at a micro level. The main contents of this study are as follows. Firstly, the models of nanocrystalline copper with the grain sizes of 7.17, 9.11, 12.55, 14.85, 18.38 and 22.48 nm are established using the Voronoi geometrical construction method, and these models are relaxed in 100 ps to the equilibrium state at 293 K. Then, the tensile deformation processes of nanocrystalline copper at various grain sizes are simulated by using the molecular dynamics method. The strain increases to 0.2 gradually at a strain rate of 2×109/s. Based on the data output, the stress-strain curves at different grain sizes are gained and the corresponding values of the averaged flow stress are calculated. The results show that the average flow stress exhibits the maximum at a grain size of 14.85 nm. Finally, the primary deformation process of nanocrystalline copper is displayed by analyzing the atomic configuration evolvement. When the grain size is 22.48 nm, the typical dislocation motion is found and there are a huge number of dislocations in the deformation process. However, the number of dislocations decreases sharply at the grain sizes of 14.85 nm and 9.11 nm, and the grain-boundary motion is visible at these small grain sizes. The most significant work is that the deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline copper at different grain sizes are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the dislocation motion dominates the deformation process when the grain sizes of nanocrystalline copper are larger than 14.85 nm. As the grain sizes decrease below 14.85 nm, the grain-boundary sliding and rotation become a dominant deformation mechanism. This change of deformation mechanism is the fundamental reason for softening, which is so-called reverse Hall-Petch relationship. On the basis of previous study and this molecular dynamics simulation, combining the grain coalition and the grain-boundary rotation, an ideal deformation mechanism model is established at small grain sizes, which provides the microcosmic deformation mechanism reference for the large strain deformation of the jet.
A genetic linkage map of Vigna vexillata

Vigna vexillata is a wild cross-incompatible relative of cowpea. It is highly resistant to several diseases and pests plaguing cowpea. A linkage map was developed for V. vexillata comprising 120 markers, including 70 random amplified polymorphic DNAs, 47 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, one simple sequence repeat and two morphological traits namely, the cowpea mottle carmovirus resistance locus (CPMoV) and leaf shape (La), utilizing an F 2 generation of the intra-specific cross 'Tvnu 1443' × 'Tvnu 73'. The genetic map comprised 14 linkage groups spanning 1564.1 cM of the genome. Thirty-nine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with nine traits were detected on the linkage map, explaining between 15.62 and 66.58% of their phenotypic variation. Seven chromosomal intervals contained QTLs with effects on multiple traits.
Sharks caught in the protective gill nets off Natal, South Africa. 2. The great white shark Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus)

A total of 591 great white sharks Carcharodon carcharias was caught between 1974 and 1988 in the gill nets which are maintained along the Natal coast to protect bathers from shark attack. The species represented 2,7 per cent of the total catch of sharks for the period 1978–1988 and the mean catch rate was 1,0 shark·km-net−1·year−1. Specimens ranged in size from 131 to 348 cm precaudal length, with a mode of 206–210 cm for females and 216–220 cm for males. None was mature, and the sex ratio was 1 male to 1,4 females. Catch rates were highest in the southernmost nets, with a smaller peak in the extreme north. Catches peaked in midwinter, those in the warmer, northern region lagging 1–2 months behind those in the cooler southern waters. The relationship between catches and water clarity and temperature was tenuous. Elasmobranchs were the most important prey item, occurring in 41,1 per cent of stomachs containing food, followed by teleosts at 34,7 per cent and marine mammals at 29,0 per cent, although marine .
INTERACTIONS OF SINGING HUMPBACK WHALES WITH OTHER MALES

Two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses on the function of the humpback whale song are: (1) it attracts females to the male singer; (2) it is a male-male display, that may order status. To evaluate these, from 24 January-13 April 1997 off Maui, Hawaii, 42 singers were located, audio-recorded, photo-identified and monitored for interactions with other whales. Whales that joined singers were biopsy sampled for molecular determination of sex. In 76% (32 of 42) of the interactions, a lone non-singing adult joined the singer. In the remainder, singers stopped singing and joined a nearby group or accompanied other whales. In 81% (26 of 32) instances where a lone adult joined a singer, the pair split again within minutes; otherwise a group formed. In one such group the pair became a trio and eventually joined a competitive group. Behavior in joining/splitting interactions ranged from a single pass-by, to surface activity such as tail lobs and breaches. The sex of 22 joiners was determined: 14 genetically and eight behaviorally. All were males. Humpback whale song preceded, and at times followed, male-male interactions of variable duration and agonistic level in and around the breeding season. If considered within the context of a proposed dominance polygyny mating system, these observations appear to support speculation that the song may function in male social ordering.
Initiation of embryogenic cultures and somatic embryo development in loblolly pine Pinus taeda)

Immature zygotic embryo explants (isolated or with intact megagametophytes) from 10 loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) clones (7-34, 7-56, 11-9, 11-16, 11-25, 10-1003, 10-1007, 10-1011, 10-1018, and 10-1019) were surveyed for their potential to form embryogenic tissue from the suspensor region of zygotic embryos. After over 14 000 explants were cultured, embryogenic cultures were initiated from explants of 8 of the 10 clones; only explants from clones 11-25 and 10-1019 were not responsive. Embryogenic tissue was initiated from zygotic embryos with intact megagametophytes on MSG basal medium with no exogenous plant growth regulators or with 2–5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0–1 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA). The highest initiation frequency (5%) was obtained from isolated zygotic embryos of clone 7-34 less than 0.5 mm in length just prior to cotyledon primordia development on DCR basal medium with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA. Two types of embryogenic cultures were maintained on medium with 2,4-.
EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON ENERGY UTILIZATION, INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASES, AND ADRENAL FUNCTION IN HENS

Two experiments were carried out with laying hens to determine the effect of overcrowding stress on reproductive performance and on certain other parameters that might be expected to be affected and thus be useful indices of this type of stress. The first experiment consisted of eight treatments in a factorial arrangement with four bird densities of one, two, three, or four birds in 30.5 × 45.7-cm (12 × 18″) cages and two levels of dietary energy. The second experiment involved three bird densities of one, three, and five birds in 30.5 × 45.7-cm cages fed a single diet. There were four replicate cages per treatment in both experiments. Feed consumption, weight gain, and egg production were not significantly affected by the population densities employed in experiment 1. In experiment 2, increasing bird density significantly reduced egg production, and hens maintained at five per cage suffered a net loss of body weight. In neither experiment was energy utilization affected by crowding since the dietary meta.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterisation of HMW Glutenin Subunits fromT. tauschiiand the D Genome of Hexaploid Wheat

Abstract Electrophoretic (urea SDS–PAGE) and chromatographic (RP–HPLC) analysis was performed on 8 allelic variants of HMW glutenin subunits derived from Triticum tauschii and from the D genome of a hexaploid wheat species ( Triticum macha ) and hexaploid landraces. These subunits had been previously identified using SDS–PAGE. The characterisation revealed that subunits Dy10 t and Dy12 t from T. tauschii could be differentiated from their bread wheat counterparts using both urea SDS–PAGE and RP–HPLC. In the latter case, the T. tauschii y-type subunits were clearly more hydrophobic than the Dy type subunits of bread wheat. The characterisation also suggested that subunit Dx5 t , derived from two separate T. tauschii accessions, did not contain the extra cysteine residue characteristic of Dx5 from bread wheat. RFLP analysis of the genes encoding the HMW glutenin subunits of interest suggested that the absence of Dx-type HMW glutenins in two hexaploid landraces was due to lack of expression of their encoding genes. The relationship between Hin dIII DNA fragment size and protein subunit size, as measured by electrophoretic mobility, is examined and discussed. Finally, the solubility properties of a HMW protein designated T1 (derived from T. tauschii accession AUS 18913) suggested that it was not a HMW glutenin subunit as was previously thought. Further studies are needed to clarify the identity of this subunit.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency due to two single base-pair substitutions in exons 5 and 6 of the α subunit gene of the pyruvate dehydrogenase

A Japanese boy with fatal pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency died at 93h of age despite intensive treatment for a progressive metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia. Enzymatic studies of the patient's liver and kidney homogenates revealed a decreased PDH complex activity caused by the absence of PDH component activity. This was further confirmed in that there were no immunoreactive proteins in positions corresponding to PDHα and β. All exon segments of genomic DNAs of PDHα and β isolated from the patient's liver and control leukocytes were amplified by PCR. Sequences of PCR-amplified products were compared with those of normal PDHα and β genes. Two single base-pair substitutions in two exons of the PDHα gene, one, G to T, in exon 5 and the other, T to C, in exon 6, were detected. These mutations generate a Phe-116 in the mature PDHα in place of the normal Cys-116 and a Pro-162 in place of the normal Leu-162. PCR-amplified exon segments of PDHα genomic DNA from the patient hybridized only to the mutant allele-specific oligonucleotide probes.
Research on mercury and carbon occurrence in indoor air of selected universities in Poland

Zauważalne powiązania między wzrostem zachorowalności i umieralności a rosnącymi stężeniami drobnego pyłu (Wichmann, 2004; WHO, 2005; Pope i Dockery, 2006; Pelucchi i in., 2009), duża efektywność kumulacji zanieczyszczeń na drobnych cząstkach pyłu zawieszonego (PM) (Rogula-Kozłowska i in., 2010; Rogula-Kozłowska, 2016; Pyta i Rogula-Kozłowska, 2016) oraz potwierdzony licznymi badaniami wpływ drobnych cząstek PM na naturalny bilans energetyczny Ziemi i jej klimat (Yu i in., 2006; Caggiano i in., 2010) stanowią przesłankę do zainteresowania się frakcją PM1 (frakcja cząstek o średnicy nie większej niż 1 μm). Frakcja ta masowo stanowi więcej niż połowę masy całkowitego pyłu zawieszonego w polskich miastach (Klejnowski i in., 2012; RoguPrzegląd Naukowy – Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska (2017), 26 (1), 108–124 Prz. Nauk. Inż. Kszt. Środ. (2017), 26 (1) Scientifi c Review – Engineering and Environmental Sciences (2017), 26 (1), 108–124 Sci. Rev. Eng. Env. Sci. (2017), 26 (1) http://iks.pn. sggw.pl DOI 10.22630/PNIKS.2017. 26.1. 10
The Human γ-Globin TATA and CACCC Elements Have Key, Distinct Roles in Suppressing β-Globin Gene Expression in Embryonic/Fetal Development*

The competition model of globin gene regulation states that the γ-globin gene precludes expression of the β-globin gene in early development by competing for the enhancing activity of the locus control region. The γ-globin gene with a −161 promoter is sufficient for suppressing β-globin gene expression, and the γ-globin TATA and CACCC elements are necessary for this effect. In this work, stable transfection and transgenic mouse assays have been performed with constructs containing HS3 and HS2 from the locus control region, the γ-globin gene with promoter mutation(s), and the β-globin gene. The data indicate that the γ-globin TATA and CACCC elements together have at least an additive effect on the β/γ-globin mRNA ratio in early erythroid cells, suggesting that the elements work coordinately to suppress β-globin gene expression. The TATA and CACCC are the major γ-globin promoter elements responsible for this effect. Transgenic mouse experiments indicate that the γ-globin TATA element plays a role in γ-globin expression and β-globin suppression in the embryo and fetus; in contrast, the CACCC element has a stage-specific effect in the fetus. The results suggest that, as is true for the erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF) and the β-globin promoter CACCC, a protein(s) binds to the γ-globin CACCC element to coordinate stage-specific gene expression.
Facilitation in bark beetles: endemic mountain pine beetle gets a helping hand

1 Endemic populations of the bark beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae attack weakened lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) trees that are often previously infested by other bark beetle species, such as Pseudips mexicanus. 2 The effect of interactions on D. ponderosae was assessed by examining host selection and productivity of D. ponderosae in trees containing P. mexicanus and trees infested solely by D. ponderosae. 3 The findings obtained show that D. ponderosae attacked hosts previously occupied by P. mexicanus at greater densities, and offspring emerged earlier compared with hosts infested by D. ponderosae alone. Additionally, D. ponderosae larvae in P. mexicanus‐infested trees were found to require a significantly lower amount of resource to complete development with no loss in size. 4 The presence of P. mexicanus may affect host condition, improving the subcortical environment for endemic D. ponderosae, ultimately aiding in population maintenance at low levels. Hosts in this state should be preferentially attacked by D. ponderosae.
Desarrollo de recubrimientos monocapa (CNx, TiBC, TiBCN) y multicapa (CrVN/TiN) mediante pulverización catódica magnetrón aplicados sobre acero AISI H13 para el mejoramiento de sus prestaciones mecánicas tribológicas

A los distintos procesos que a diario se llevan a cabo en la industria manufacturera se encuentran asociados altos esfuerzos mecanicos y altas temperaturas los cuales generan desgaste y disminuyen la vida util de las herramientas. Las mejoras obtenidas con los primeros recubrimientos por “Magnetron Sputtering”, fueron significativas, por lo que la investigacion y el desarrollo de la tecnica se ha potencializado en los ultimos anos. En la presente investigacion se presenta el estudio sistematico de recubrimientos monocapa CNx, TiBC, TiBCN y multicapa CrVN/TiN, correlacionando la influencia que tienen los parametros de deposito como potencia, flujo de gases, periodo de los recubrimientos, etc, sobre las propiedades microestructurales, mecanicas y tribologicas
Control and utilization of inorganic nitrogen in intensive fish culture ponds

One of the main obstacles toward the intensification of aquaculture systems is the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in the water, A solution demonstrated in this work is to control inorganic nitrogen levels through the induction of microbial protein synthesis. This is achieved by adding a carbonaceous substrate, adjusted in a way so as to supply the needed carbon to immobilize all the non-utilized nitrogen. Inorganic nitrogen levels are reduced due to the resulting production of microbial protein. The in situ produced microbial protein is a substitute to the protein added with the feed. Fish growth in the treated ponds was higher than the growth in conventionally fed ponds. Protein utilization was doubled due to the recycling of nitrogen in the pond system, leading to diminution of the deleterious inorganic nitrogen accumulation. The price of feed was reduced to 50-67% of that common in conventional ponds, due both to replacement of protein and limited wash-out of feed.
The physiology and activity of the bed-bug (Cimex lectularius L.) in a natural infestation

A natural infestation of bed-bugs which has existed for several years in an animal room has been studied. The bugs feed on the rats kept in cages in the room. Methods are described by which the bugs were trapped during their periods of normal activity. Adult bugs appear to feed on an average once every 5 or 6 days when the temperature is in the region of 20–27° C. (68–80·6° F.). Most of the female bugs lay a continuous series of eggs at the rate of nearly three per day. Female bugs are not usually fertilized more than once a week in this wild population. In laboratory cultures copulation is much more frequent. In the animal house the bugs were most active between 3 a.m. and 6 a.m. This activity seems to be controlled by some inherent rhythm. Some marked bugs were released and the proportion of recaptures to others in the total catch was noted. From this a rough estimate of the population was made. It appears that few adults live more than 29 days as they are probably killed by the rats when trying to feed.
Influence of salicylaldehyde and methyl salicylate on post‐landing behaviour of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande

This study investigates behavioural responses of adult western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande; Thysan., Thripidae) females to direct contact with repellent phenylpropanoid plant compounds (salicylaldehyde and methyl salicylate) applied on bean and cucumber leaves. The residence time of F. occidentalis females until take off was significantly shorter on bean or cucumber leaf discs treated with salicylaldehyde at 1% concentration compared with control leaf discs. A methyl salicylate (1%) treatment of cucumber resulted in shorter time periods until thrips took off the treated leaf discs compared with the control leaf discs. In a choice experiment thrips avoided to settle on a 1% salicylaldehyde treatment of bean and cucumber leaf discs for a maximum of 3 h, on a 1% methyl salicylate treatment for a 5‐h period. Within a 24‐h period neither the egg‐laying nor the feeding activity of F. occidentalis was affected after salicylaldehyde application (0.1%, 1%) on bean or cucumber. In contrast, methyl salicylate (1%) applied on bean and cucumber significantly prevented thrips females from oviposition and reduced the percentage of damaged area caused by their feeding activity for 24 h. As olfactory repellent plant volatiles applied on crop plants may elicit diverse post‐landing responses of F. occidentalis, short‐ and long‐term effects should be considered when evaluating the factual applicability of secondary plant compounds in a successful thrips management strategy.