Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision Making Factors in Child Caregiver Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect

This study investigated decision making factors used by child caregivers to identify suspected child abuse and neglect and collected data on caregiver training in the recognition and reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect. Data was collected in July 1999 in fourteen north Texas childcare programs. One hundred twenty three teaching and administrative staff completed a survey based on Jacobson, A. , Glass, J. and Ruggiere, P. (1998). Five teachers and five administrators chosen for convenience were read eleven vignettes describing possibly abusive situations to decide whether they were reportable or non-reportable, and to indicate factors used to make their decisions. Administrators (50%) and teachers (13.3%) reported being unfamiliar with child abuse and neglect definitions and reporting laws. Two thirds (66.7%) of the administrators and 39.8% of the teachers had received specific training in recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect. Administrators were more likely than teachers to report suspected child abuse and neglect. Teachers often reported to program administrators rather than state designated authorities. All subjects relied on information about children, but administrators also used information about parents, with teachers more likely to make excuses for parental actions. With 110 reporting opportunities, training was cited as a factor only twice by administrators. No teachers made reports to anyone other than program administrators, a factor named deference in this study. Four of five administrators expected deference from teachers when reporting decisions were made. Present training in the recognition and reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect is inadequate. Caregivers need additional training in differences between accidental and intentional injuries, detection of child sexual abuse and emotional neglect, recognition and assessment of injuries among infants and toddlers, and mandated reporting procedures. Further research on optimal training for accurate reporting of suspected abuse and neglect is needed. A mandate to report to authorities outside the child care center should be clarified in state law. Licensing individuals as well as programs would strengthen reporting by caregivers.
Mycobacterium riyadhense lung infection in a patient with HIV/AIDS

Mycobacterium riyadhense was first isolated in 2009. Five additional cases were reported since then. This is, however, the first case of M. riyadhense with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the literature. A 54-year-old male diabetic presented with 4 months history of diarrhea, productive cough, odynophagia, and dysphagia with progressive weight loss. He looked cachectic with oropharyngeal thrush, bilateral axillary lymph node enlargement and herpes zoster involving the first two thoracic dermatomes. He had right-sided consolidation on chest examination. He was anemic with a normal platelet count. Sputum examination was positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB); however, deoxyribonucleic acid probe-detection assay for MTB (complex) was negative. The isolate was confirmed as M. riyadhense at the Bioscientia laboratories (Ingelheim, Germany). Stool was positive for Clostridium difficile toxins by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test was also positive. The patient showed improvement in clinical, bacteriologic, and immunologic parameters with antituberculous and antiretroviral medications. The lesson from this case is for clinicians to suspect infection with atypical mycobacteria once mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) PCR is negative in a patient with a positive smear for AFB so that appropriate therapy for nontuberculous mycobacterial disease can be initiated early.
Programa de prevención y tratamiento del tabaquismo desde la escuela: una llamada a los pediatras

REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PEDIATRÍA EDUCACIÓN PARA LA SALUD: LA PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD DESDE LA ESCUELA La Organización Mundial de la Salud define la promoción de la salud como el proceso de capacitación de la persona para incrementar el control de los determinantes de su salud y, secundariamente, mejorarla(1). Desde el campo de la salud pública, el proceso, aparentemente sencillo, de identificar los factores de riesgo, transmitir este conocimiento a la población y esperar que su conducta cambie encuentra tres obstáculos: 1) el desconocimiento actual de muchos de los factores de riesgo; 2) la dificultad para el cambio de la conducta; y 3) la continua incorporación de sujetos como población de riesgo(2). Probablemente el reto al que se enfrentan los especialistas de la prevención de la enfermedad y la promoción de la salud es redescubrir el propósito para el que la sociedad los preparó técnicamente, que no es más que definir los medios para crear un ambiente que favorezca una capacidad de afrontamiento autónoma, personal y responsable(3). Ello supone centrar la atención en los problemas que preocupan a la población y ante los cuáles está dispuesta a actuar, favorecer su participación activa y dotar de recursos a estas iniciativas(2). Según Lalonde la salud de las poblaciones está determinada por la biología, el medio ambiente, los estilos de vida y la sanidad (servicios y sistemas de salud). Si bien se ha considerado las elecciones personales y el estilo de vida el elemento con mayor peso de los cuatro, muchas de estas opciones personales vienen condicionadas por elementos ambientales que escapan irremediablemente del control individual. Por tanto, es necesario dirigir los esfuerzos a mejorar el entorno cuando es éste el que condiciona el estado de salud, como es el caso de las sociedades pobres sin infraestructuras ni recursos o de los niños y niñas de cualquier colectividad, cuya autonomía es limitada. Con este planteamiento, el ámbito de la salud se amplía más allá de la curación que persigue la sanidad y sus profesionales, incluyendo aspectos sociales, culturales y políticos con el objetivo de promover la salud con la participación de todos los sectores sociales(4). La Organización Mundial de la Salud define la Educación para la Salud como el proceso que incluye el conjunto de oportunidades, específicamente elaboradas para la enseñanza y la difusión, que permitan mejorar la información, la cultura, los conocimientos y las habilidades personales dirigidas a promover la salud individual y la colectiva, incluyendo la del medio ambiente. No se trata sólo de informar sino de capacitar al individuo para la conservación de su salud(1). La educación para la salud en la escuela se conPrograma de prevención y tratamiento del tabaquismo desde la escuela: una llamada a los pediatras
Les galectines animales : structure et fonctions, rôle dans les processus tumoraux

Les galectines sont des proteines de la famille des lectines, capables de fixer specifiquement des residus glucidiques. Elles pourraient intervenir dans des phenomenes biologiques varies comme le developpement embryonnaire, la reponse immunitaire ou l’apoptose. Elles jouent egalement un role similaire a celui des molecules d’adhesion au niveau des interactions intercellulaires ou avec la matrice extracellulaire. Leur participation aux processus de carcinogenese a ete evoquee par differents travaux de recherche fondamentale. En pratique clinique, elles pourraient etre utilisees comme marqueur de differenciation, notamment dans les carcinomes thyroidiens et certains lymphomes.
Evaluar intervenciones sanitarias sin experimentos

En el presente articulo se revisa la bibliografia reciente en evaluacion cuantitativa de intervenciones no experimentales, poniendo especial enfasis en su aplicacion a la economia y la gestion sanitarias. En particular, se han descrito las tecnicas de matching y de doble diferencia combinada con matching. El parametro elegido como objeto de la estimacion es la ganancia media para los participantes en la intervencion, bajo la hipotesis de heterogeneidad en las ganancias no observables que produce la intervencion entre los individuos elegibles. Se ha llevado a cabo una exposicion no tecnica de las metodologias descritas con el espiritu de fomentar al lector una lectura mas profunda de la bibliografia relevante.
Utilidad de la ferritina sérica para evaluar depósitos de hierro maternos en el post parto inmediato

Dirección de los lugares de realización del trabajo: * Cátedra de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA. Junín 956, 2do piso, 1113 Ciudad de Buenos Aires. ** Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital General de Agudos Diego Paroissien, La Matanza, Provincia de Buenos Aires. *** Escuela de Nutrición. Facultad de Medicina, UBA. **** Sección Hematología. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA.
Etude rétrospective sur l'évolution clinique d'une cohorte de patients avec polyarthrite rhumatoïde traités par inhibiteurs du TNF-α

Cette etude retrospective incluant 66 patients avec polyarthrite rhumatoide de longue duree et resistant a plusieurs traitements de fond a permis d'analyser les reponses cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques en reponse aux inhibiteurs du TNF-α. Cette etude offre l'avantage d'analyser de nombreux parametres cliniques (DAS, RADAI, HAQ, Douleurs), biologiques (VS, CRP) ainsi que l'evolution radiologique dans une population non selectionnee. Les resultats obtenus corroborent les donnees de la litterature. Apres introduction des traitements par des inhibiteurs du TNF-α, les index cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques s'ameliorent significativement a 6, 12 et a plus de 20 mois de suivi. En ce qui concerne le maintient du traitement jusqu'au terme de l'etude et les effets secondaires, nos resultats sont comparables aux donnees de la litterature.
Ischemia–reperfusion injury as the leading cause of primary non‐function in renal transplantation using donors with prolonged warm ischemic time

Abstract: Renal transplantation (RTx) from marginal donors has been performed in most Japanese transplant centers because of severe donor organ shortage. RTx using marginal donors with prolonged warm ischemic time (WIT) has sometimes resulted in primary non‐function (PNF). Among 53 cadaveric RTx performed at Kanazawa Medical University between October 1986 and May 2006, five cases using non‐heart‐beating donors resulted in PNF. In these five patients, histologic examination of one h RBx (graft biopsy one h after revascularization) revealed extensive congestion in glomerular and peritubular capillaries. Glomerular subendothelial swelling and mesangiolysis were also detected, and electron microscopic examination showed widening of the subendothelial spaces of glomerular capillaries. Such findings of endothelial damage were not detected in the other 48 cases without PNF. In contrast, no distinct abnormalities other than acute tubular necrosis were found in zero h RBx (graft biopsy before implantation) obtained from three patients with PNF. Prolonged WIT was the prominent feature of the five patients with PNF, and multiple logistic analysis showed that prolonged WIT was a significant risk factor for the development of endothelial damage on reperfusion. Paired allografts from the same donors of these five cases also ended in PNF. It is conceivable that the endothelial damage was caused by ischemia–reperfusion injury and extensive congestion followed as a result of endothelial injury. Ischemia–reperfusion injury is the leading cause of PNF in RTx using donors with prolonged WIT. Guidelines to assess the viability of marginal grafts should be established in the future to prevent transplantation of non‐functioning grafts.
Mastitis Control Programs: Bovine Mastitis and Milking Management

Mastitis complex; no simple solutions are available for its control. Some aspects are wellunderstood and documented in the scientific literature. Others are controversial, and opinions often are presented as facts. The information and interpretations presented here represent the best judgments accepted by the National Mastitis Council. To simplify understanding of mastitis, you’ll need to consider that three major factors are involved in this disease: the microorganisms that cause it, the cow as host and the environment, which can influence the cow and the microorganisms. (Figure 1) More than 100 different microorganisms can cause mastitis, and these vary greatly in the route by which they reach the cow and the nature of the disease they cause. Cows contract udder infection at different ages and stages of the lactation cycle. Cows also vary in their ability to overcome an infection once it has been established. Therefore, the cow plays an active role in the development of mastitis. The cows’ environment influences the numbers and types of bacteria they are exposed to and their ability to resist these microorganisms. However, through appropriate management practices, the environment can be controlled to reduce this exposure and enhance resistance to udder disease. Practical measures are available to maintain common forms of mastitis at relatively low and acceptable levels in the majority of herds. While continued research is needed to control the less common forms of intramammary infection, herd problems are often the result of failure to apply the proven mastitis-control practices consistently and to consider all aspects of the disease problem. Figure 1
Effectiveness of Slump Neural Mobilization Technique for the management of chronic radicular low back pain

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of slump neural mobilization technique compared with lumber stabilization exercise (LSE) and shortwave diathermy (SWD) in the physical therapy management of chronic radicular low back pain (CRLBP). Methodology:A sample of 40 patients with CRLBP was selected and randomly placed into two groups A and B. 22 patients were treated with slump neural mobilization technique (SNMT), lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE) and Short wave diathermy (SWD), while 18 patient of group B were treated with LSE and SWD. All the patients were assessed by four point pain scale and Oswestry disability index (ODI) at the baseline and at the completion of three weeks at 5 days per week and 30 minutes single session per day. The data was collected on specially designed Performa and was analyzed by SPSS and paired t test was applied to determine the probability value at 95 % level of significance. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in pain score and ODI score, although improvement was more significant in group A (p
Prevención de la enfermedad renal crónica I: aspectos generales

La prevalencia de enfermedad renal cronica (ERC) en la poblacion adulta en Chile es de alrededor de 11%. Segun datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2003, 23% de los sujetos evaluados tenia VFG menor de 80 ml/min, por lo que se estima que entre 10 y 14% de la poblacion padece ERC. La mayor parte de los afectados son sujetos de edad avanzada. Porcentajes similares se han descrito en multiples estudios de paises occidentales.
Diseases of Laboratory Primates

This book will be invaluable to investigators making use of primates in their experiments. The present volume is Part I of a comprehensive series that will make up a Handbook of the Primates. Preparation of the book has been aided by a grant from the National Institutes of Health in recognition of the growing importance of the use of primates in research. The present volume covers the nutritional requirements and diseases of nutrition as well as summarizing the available knowledge concerning all of the diseases that affect the various organs and systems of primates. An astounding mass of information has been assembled and the coverage is not only complete but scholarly and critical.
Disclosure of Psychiatric Disabilities in Vocational Rehabilitation

Vocational professionals aware of the stigma associated with psychiatric disability, generally exercise caution when disclosing psychiatric or disability related information to employers. However, few professionals directly address stigma or specify disclosure strategies in vocational rehabilitation plans. Integrated information tailored to vocational professionals is needed to guide this aspect of vocational rehabilitation practice. We review recent evidence with legal and ethical information relevant to vocational rehabilitation. Key elements of disclosure and stigma-countering strategies are identified which can be incorporated into the career planning, job preparation, job securing and job retaining phases of vocational rehabilitation plans.
Association of Haemostasis Activation Markers with Thrombophilia and Venous Thromboembolism

Thrombophilia (TF) is defined as an inherited or acquired tendency to develop thrombosis. TF creates a state of hypercoagulability, i.e. haemostasis activation without actual clot formation which can be detected in vitro by specific laboratory techniques. Thrombosis as a clinical phenomenon, however, only occurs when the balance between pro-coagulant and anti-coagulant elements of haemostasis is disrupted to such an extent that it leads to clot formation in the circulating blood. TF is most commonly associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in the venous system, i.e. venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a common disease with an annual incidence of about 1 case per 1000 person-years and is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide (White, 2003). Furthermore, it is a chronic disease that often recurs. A third of patients with first VTE, experience a recurrence within the next 5 to 8 years. Recurrence is best prevented since it is fatal in 5 % of patients and late sequelae, such as post-thrombotic syndrome, are also very common (Schulman et al, 2006). The standard treatment for acute VTE (unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin, followed by vitamin K antagonists for at least several months) reduces the risk of recurrence by 80 to 90 % (Kearon et al, 2008). Although ideally all patients should receive long-term treatment with vitamin K antagonists to reduce the risk of recurrence, one has to bear in mind the 2 -3 % annual incidence of major bleeding on anticoagulant treatment (Ansell et al, 2008). The duration of anticoagulant treatment should therefore be tailored individually to optimize the preventive action of treatment with the minimum risk of bleeding. The likelihood of recurrence varies among individuals and is strongly influenced by the presence of clinical risk factors. Patients whose first VTE was triggered by a circumstantial risk factor (provoked VTE) have a lower risk of recurrence than patients whose event was unprovoked (idiopathic VTE), or who carry persistent risk factors (Kearon et al, 2008). It is, however, arguable whether the level of risk estimated from clinical risk factors alone justifies long-term anticoagulation. For a long time it was thought that screening for TF, a persistent risk factor for VTE, would facilitate clinical decision-making in determining the duration of anticoagulant treatment.
Bone mineral density in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been highlighted as a potential problem in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases in the westernized world. The mechanisms behind reduced BMD in pediatric IBD are still not completely understood, but several factors that influence bone mineralization have been discussed. These include the chronic inflammation itself, which causes the release of cytokines from the inflamed bowel, treatment with corticosteroids, low body weight, limited physical activity, vitamin D deficiency and genetics. Decreased peak bone mass in young adulthood may predispose for the development of osteoporosis later in life and this in turn may lead to osteoporosis-related fractures. The aim of this thesis was to investigate BMD, body composition and growth in a population of Swedish children and adolescents with IBD over a two-year period. A second objective was to study the familial resemblance of BMD in pediatric IBD patients. The thesis was designed as a prospective, longitudinal, population-based project with patients from two pediatric centres in Western Sweden (Goteborg and Boras). In order to evaluate BMD and body composition the patients and their parents underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the time of inclusion in the study. Two years later the DXA measurement was repeated in the IBD patients. Additionally, clinical data, body weight, height, Tanner stage, bone age and blood samples for various hormone analyses were obtained. Age at peak height velocity (PHV) was calculated using special software. Low bone mass was found to be prevalent in this population of Swedish pediatric patients with IBD both at baseline and at follow-up two years later. Possible risk factors for lower BMD are male gender, low BMI and treatment with azathioprine, which is a likely marker of disease course severity. However, the data indicate that both males and females have the potential to recover BMD into early adulthood. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that, regardless of the presence of a chronic inflammatory condition, the BMD of children and adolescents with IBD is significantly related to that of their parents. Normal vitamin D levels were present in the group of pediatric IBD patients and showed a significant seasonal variation with lower levels during winter time. No significant correlation was found between vitamin D levels and BMD. Elevated levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were seen in the patients under 16 years of age despite normal vitamin D levels. Vitamin D and iPTH levels were inversely related. Lean mass deficits were present in the oldest age groups and were most pronounced in males and those with Crohn’s disease. Age at PHV was significantly delayed by around one year in both females and males and this may indicate suboptimal growth. The data from this thesis support the conclusion that pediatric patients with IBD should be evaluated with DXA at some point during the course of their disease, if possible soon after being diagnosed.
The relationship between learning styles and nursing students' satisfaction with online education

A descriptive correlation study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nursing students' satisfaction with online education and their preferred learning style. Eighty-nine nursing students from a Northeast university completed the Visual (V), Auditory (A), Read/Write (R), and Kinesthetic (K), (VARK) learning style inventory tool, Online Course Satisfaction Survey (OCSS) and demographic questionnaire. Findings revealed an overall 67% satisfaction rate with online education but dissatisfaction in the areas of communication and interaction. The study showed the majority of nursing students possess the combination of all four learning preferences, VARK. No statistical significant relationship between a student's learning style and satisfaction with online education was identified, but a relationship between course satisfaction and instructor satisfaction was found. Findings of this study have the potential to influence online nursing curriculum by providing nurse educators with insight into students' learning styles and the different attributes of satisfaction with online education.