Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fighting Against Resistant Strains: The Case of Benzothiazinones and Dinitrobenzamides

It is noteworthy that the development of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains is essentially favored by an inappropriate drug prescription of physicians and irregular intake of the drugs by patients (Goldman et al., 2007). Bacterial resistance to antibiotics typically involves drug inactivation or modification, target alteration, diminished drug accumulation associated with decrease in permeability and/or increase in efflux. Other resistance mechanisms include inhibition of the activation of pro-drugs into active drugs. Bacterial resistance may be an intrinsic feature of an organism, or may result from spontaneous mutations or the acquisition of exogenous resistance genes. As M. tuberculosis does not possess plasmids and horizontal gene transfer is thought to be rare, all resistances appear to emerge through mutations in chromosomal genes (Gillespie, 2007). Chromosomal alterations that result in resistance to antitubercular drugs may be associated with a fitness cost. Based on work in experimental models and from observations in clinical drug resistant isolates, it has been observed that among the various resistance mutations that appear with similar rates, those associated with the least fitness cost are selected in the population (Bottger and Springer, 2008). Consequently, to reduce the rate of spread of resistant bacteria it is necessary to identify targets for which the resistance mechanisms have the most negative effects on bacterial fitness. M. tuberculosis shows a high degree of intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents attributed to the low permeability of its cell wall, in particular because of its specific lipid-rich composition and structure (Jarlier and Nikaido, 1994). However, some reports have suggested that efflux pumps may also be involved (De Rossi et al., 2006). The balance between the drug transport into the cell and drug efflux is not yet clearly understood, and further studies are required in
Characterization of heavy metal (cadmium and nickle) tolerant Gram negative enteric bacteria from polluted Yamuna River, Delhi

The presence of heavy metals in aquatic environments poses a serious environmental risk. The usage of heavy metal-tolerant bacteria may serve as a cost-effective tool for bioremediation of polluted water bodies. Thus, the present study aims at the isolation and characterization of heavy metal tolerant gram-negative bacteria collected from the polluted water of the river Yamuna, Delhi, India. The water samples were collected from the downstream river and enriched separately in the nutrient broth. Appropriate dilutions were then plated in eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar supplemented with cadmium (10 to 4000 µg/ml) and nickel (10 to 3000 µg/ml). The colonies having different morphologies that were formed in the EMB agar were selected, and their metal tolerance concentration (MTC) was determined. Based on their MTC values, two isolates were identified by using morphological, biochemical, and molecular (16S rRNA gene sequencing) methods. Besides, their growth kinetics, co-metal tolerance, and antibiotic resistance were also determined. The identified isolates 2 and 8 were tolerant to cadmium (3000 µg/ml) and nickle (2000 µg/ml), respectively. The isolates were found to be closely related to Pantoea agglomerans JCM 1236 (sample 2) and Enterobacter asburiae JCM 6051 (sample 8). They were not only co-tolerant to cadmium (3000 µg/ml) and nickle (2000 µg/ml) but also showed resistance to various antibiotics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed changes in surface morphology of nickle and cadmium-treated samples 2 and 8, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies revealed the presence of cadmium and nickel in both the isolates after metal treatment. The results conclude that the identified heavy metal tolerant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of contaminated wastewater and industrial effluents. Key words: Heavy metal removal, gram-negative bacteria, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, maximum tolerance concentration, bioremediation.
Regional Genetic Structure in the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) Suggests Metapopulation Dynamics

ABSTRACT. Using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (cytochrome oxidase 1 gene), we estimated levels of genetic structuring among nine Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) colonies distributed throughout three major reproductive regions of the South Atlantic Ocean. Overall, breeding colonies showed relatively high levels of genetic diversity at both nuclear and mtDNA markers (mean heteorzygosity: He = 0.598; mean allelic diversity: A = 7.11; mtDNA haplotype diversity: h = 0.812). A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance based on microsatellite data showed limited genetic structuring of breeding colonies, with 99% of the variation explained by differences among individuals and 0.7–1.0% attributed to differences among the three regions. The mtDNA analysis revealed higher levels of genetic structuring, with 3.43% of the variation explained by regions and 2.24% explained by colonies within the regions. Furthermore, a Mantel test revealed a significant association between geographic and genetic distances among colonies. The limited genetic structuring we detected is likely a result of (1) population intermixing through natal dispersal and (2) the large effective sizes of the reproductive colonies, both of which prevent genetic differentiation at neutral markers, balanced with (3) the regional association of breeding colonies to distinct feeding grounds and (4) a recent expansion of the population. Our results suggest that the demographic dynamics of breeding colonies of Magellanic Penguins may be framed under a metapopulation model, in which colonies with large numbers of breeding pairs could be considered “source” populations for maintaining the overall abundance of this species in the Atlantic Ocean.
Changes of Mitochondria Copy Number in Association with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Cite this article: Carpagnano GE, Lacedonia D, Cotugno G, Malerba M, Patricelli G, et al. (2017) Changes of Mitochondria Copy Number in Association with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Clin Res Pulmonol 5(1): 1039. *Corresponding author Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy, Tel: 390881-733-074; Fax: 39-0881733-040; Email:
Gender dysphoria/gender variance in children – diagnostic and therapeutic controversies

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to provide a synthesis and present the current state of knowledge about the situation of children with atypical gender identity and their families. Available data pertaining to aetiology, psychopathology, and developmental paths of individuals experiencing gender dysphoria of childhood are analysed. Views: The phenomenon of atypical gender identity in adolescents and adults, in diagnostic classifications called gender identity disorder – transsexualism (ICD-10) or gender dysphoria (DSM-V), arouses interest among research communities and has been reported in the Polish and foreign literature. At the same time, much less attention is given to the very same phenomenon occurring in childhood, leaving a gap in the area of knowledge and competence potentially significant to a wider range of specialists including psychiatrists, psychotherapists, paediatricians, and social workers. Conclusions: In the context of the observation that the vast majority of gender-dysphoric (GD) children appear to no longer experience the symptoms during adolescence and adulthood, controversies surrounding diagnostic and therapeutic processes are significant. Therefore, the paper presents some important areas of assistance and stresses the need for great caution and individual approach when working with GD children and their families. Since no universal standard of care has been established so far and the discussed topic is highly emotionally charged, specialists working with GD children should carefully monitor both available literature and their own personal attitudes towards atypical gender identity and expression.
A high capacity thiospinel cathode for Mg batteries

Magnesium batteries are energy storage systems that potentially offer high energy density owing to their ability to employ magnesium metal as a negative electrode. Their development, however, has been thwarted by a paucity of functional positive electrode materials after the seminal discovery of the Mo6S8 Chevrel phase over 15 years ago. Herein, we report the second such material – a thiospinel – and demonstrate fully reversible Mg2+ electrochemical cycling vs. a Mg anode, which is complemented by diffraction and first principles calculations. The capacity approaches 80% of the theoretical value at a practical rate (C/5) at 60 °C, and yields a specific energy of 230 Wh kg−1, twice that of the Chevrel benchmark. Our results emphasize the advantage in employing “soft” anions to achieve practical divalent cation mobility.
Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of some mangroves in Sundarbans

The antioxidant activity of 23 extracts from different plant parts (leaves, stem bark and root) of 6 mangroves and 4 mangrove associates was examined. The content of total phenolics in the extracts was calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and anti-radical activity was estimated as IC50 values using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Remarkable high phenolic content (GAE > 25 mg/g), strong reducing ability (ascorbic acid equivalent, AAE > 3.5 mg/g) and anti-radical activity (IC50 < 2.9 mg/ml) were found in 11 different extracts comprising of 6 mangrove and 4 mangrove associate species. The best results were obtained for Ceriops decandra stem bark extract (phenolic content as GAE = 94.4 mg/g, reducing power as AAE = 13.04 mg/g and DPPH radical scavenging ability as IC50 = 0.65 mg/ml). A significant correlation was observed between GAE and AAE of respective extracts. The results indicate promising mangrove species for the utilization as significant source of natural antioxidant.
ISSN 2249-9687 Original Article Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides from Indian Ruff, Psenopsis cyanea (Alcock, 1890).

Antimicrobial peptides are evolutionarily ancient, effector molecules of innate immune defense and are ubiquitously found in all kingdoms from bacteria to mammals, including fungi and plants. The present study deals with the isolation of antimicrobial peptides from marine bathydemersal fish Indian ruff, Psenopsis cyanea belonging to the family Centrolophidae and its in vitro antimicrobial activity. Peptides were extracted from the sample by modified acetic acidacetone precipitation method.The crude peptide extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Prepurification was done by solid phase extraction using Sep-Pak ® C- 18 cartridges and 40% Sep-Pak eluted fractions were subjected to FPLC using UNO TM QI column. Four fractions eluted on the basis of retention time were collected and further examined for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion assay. FPLC fraction P40-1 was found to be active only against A. hydrophila and P40-2 was found to be active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains including S. aureus, B. cereus, and A. hydrophila. Whereas, P40-3 only showed inhibitory effect on A. hydrophila. Among the various fractions, P40-4 was the only fraction inhibited the growth of V. fluvialis. Active fractions were subjected to protein quantification. This is the first report on isolation and purification of AMPs from Psenopsis cyanea. © 2015 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Deep Salvage Therapy with a Pegylated Interferon and Foscarnet Containing Regimen in an Advanced HIV-L Infected Patient

A multi-class drug resistant HIV-infected patient with very few antiretroviral drug options was presented. Full suppression of the viral load was achieved with an unusual salvage regimen including foscarnet, hydroxyurea and pegylated interferon. This case suggests that alternative strategies can be used in selected cases with few or no treatment options.
Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea Operculella (Zeller) Management using Entomopathogenic Fungi on Seed Potato Tuber in West Showa, Ethiopia

Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella is the major insect pest and causes damage both under field and seed storage of Potato, Solanum tuberosum in Ethiopia. For this major threat of productions the experiments were carried out in a simple CRD under laboratory and RCBD design under field condition having three replications to evaluate the Entomopathogenic fungi of B. bassiana (PPRC-56 isolate), M. anisopliae (MM isolate) and V. lecani each at 1x104, 1x105, 1x106, 1x107, 1x108spore/ml (in laboratory) and1x106, 1x107, 1x108spore/ml (in field) for the management of Potato Tuber Moth (PTM). Laboratory investigation of M. anisopliae isolate significantly reduced the damage caused by PTM followed by B. bassiana isolate than the fungal type of V. lecani. The fungal species B. bassiana significantly reduced the infestation of PTM larvae both on the leaves and tubers followed by the M. anisopliae than the V. lecani. In general as the concentration levels of fungus increased, the number of larvae and the damage they caused on leaves were significantly decreased. From the presented studies for the effective management of PTM in potato using B. bassiana and M. anisopliae could be considered and using the higher fungal concentration also advantageous.
Weakening temperature control on the variations of spring carbon uptake across northern lands

Shilong Piao, Zhuo Liu, Tao Wang, Shushi Peng, Philippe Ciais, Mengtian Huang, Ivan A Janssens, Su-Jong Jeong, Xin Lin, Jiafu Mao, John Miller, Anwar Mohammat, Ranga B Myneni, Josep Peñuelas, Xiaoying Shi, Zhenzhong Zeng, Pieter P Tans 1 Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 3 Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 4 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 5 Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium 6 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91011, USA 7 Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 8 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth Systems Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA 9 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309 USA 10 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China 11 Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Urban Primary School Children from Iran and India

Introduction: Nutritional status of children is influenced by diet. Better dietary diversity helps ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients especially for growing school going children. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary scores and nutritional status of urban Iranian and Indian school children. Methods: The present study examined dietary diversity, weight-for-age (WA) and height-for-age (HA) and weightfor- height weight-for-age z-scores and nutritional status of 4570 children aged 6-9 years, including 2234 Iranian (1016 boys, 1218 girls) and 2336 Indian (1240 boys, 1096 girls) attending primary schools residing in Mumbai and Ahwaz, Iran, from low and middle income categories. Dietary diversity scores were assessed based on frequency of consumption of individual food items categorized into 11 individual food groups. Results: Total dietary diversity scores were significantly higher for Indian children who had normal weight or who were overweight (F=32.197, p=0.000) and lowest for underweight children. Similar trends were observed for the children from Iran (F=9.345, p=0.000). Total food group scores increased with better height status of the children. In both countries, severely and moderately stunted children had lower total mean scores than those who had normal and above average height. Wasting was also associated with lower total mean scores. Analysis of data for individual food groups showed that increasing weight was associated with higher scores for almost all food groups in India. In Iran, mean scores for vegetables, beverages, sweets and fats increased with increasing weight. Heights for age z-scores were positively associated with a mean score for pulses in countries and dairy products, beverages and fats. Higher BMI was associated with higher scores for cereals, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, mixed dishes, beverages, sweets and fats.
In vitro pollen germination , pollen tube growth and longevity in some genotypes of loquat ( Eriobotria japonica Lindl . )

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is one of the most perspective trees with tasty fruits suitable for commercial production in Iran. However, self-incompatibility of most loquat cultivars makes it necessary to select good pollinizers in breeding and orchard establishment programs. Therefore, studies on pollen viability traits of cultivars and genotypes have been one of the main issues for loquat growers and breeders which are investigated in this study. The experiment was conducted in in vitro conditions for the identification of the pollen germination and longevity in some loquat genotypes for recognition of the best pollinizers. Pollens of twenty (20) genotypes were gathered and after three weeks storage in 0°C, their pollen germination, pollen tube growth rate and pollen longevity were tested in the in vitro medium. The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) and data were analyzed with SAS software. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes in pollen germination, pollen tube growth rate and pollen longevity. Finally, the best genotypes were selected for using in loquat orchard establishment and breeding programs in Iran.
DENTOMAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY IN FORENSICS: A REVIEW

The present review article aims at discussing the various trends evolved in forensic dentistry, particularly referring with the usage of radiographs. Since the radiographs are the quick, easy, simple, economical and nondestructive method of obtaining information about age, sex, race of the victim, it is an indispensable aid in identification. With the advancement of newer technologies, more accurate information is obtained for identification as well as in the facial reconstruction of the unknown deceased person. This article gives an overview of different radiographic modalities for identification in oral and craniofacial region. To obtain the most reliable outcome in identification it is necessary that one applies most of these techniques repetitively with appropriate knowledge.
Multiferroic Magnetoelectric Composites: Historical Perspective, Status, and Future Directions

Multiferroic magnetoelectric materials, which simultaneously exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, have recently stimulated a sharply increasing number of research activities for their scientific interest and significant technological promise in the novel multifunctional devices. Natural multiferroic single-phase compounds are rare, and their magnetoelectric responses are either relatively weak or occurs at temperatures too low for practical applications. In contrast, multiferroic composites, which incorporate both ferroelectric and ferri-/ferromagnetic phases, typically yield giant magnetoelectric coupling response above room temperature, which makes them ready for technological applications. This review of mostly recent activities begins with a brief summary of the historical perspective of the multiferroic magnetoelectric composites since its appearance in 1972. In such composites the magnetoelectric effect is generated as a product property of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric substance. A.
Single-channel Late Reverberation Power Spectral Density Estimation Using Denoising Autoencoders

In order to suppress the late reverberation in the spectral domain, many single-channel dereverberation techniques rely on an estimate of the late reverberation power spectral density (PSD). In this paper, we propose a novel approach to late reverberation PSD estimation using a denoising autoencoder (DA), which is trained to learn a mapping from the microphone signal PSD to the late reverberation PSD. Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields a high PSD estimation accuracy and generalizes well to unseen data. Furthermore, simulation results show that the proposed DA-based PSD estimate yields a higher PSD estimation accuracy and a similar dereverberation performance than a state-of-the-art statistical PSD estimate, which additionally also requires knowledge of the reverberation time.
Vidensdynamikker i nordjysk turisme: Casestudier af vidensbegivenhederinden for kyst- og kulturturisme

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Subtraction techniques enable single-energy iodine mapping of pulmonary perfusion: An educational exhibit

Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-2139 / Subtraction techniques enable single-energy iodine mapping of pulmonary perfusion: An educational exhibit" by: "M. Brink1, A. Verschoor1, Y. Heijdra1, C. Schaefer2, M. Prokop1; 1Nijmegen/NL, 2Amersfoort/NL"