Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Mean Absolute Deviation for Randomized Block Design under Laplace Distribution

Analysis of mean absolute deviation (ANOMAD) for randomized block design is derived where the total sum of absolute deviation (TSA) is partition into exact block sum of absolute deviation (BLSA), exact treatment sum of absolute deviation (TRSA) and within sum of absolute deviation (WSA). The exact partitions are derived by getting rid of the absolute function from MAD by using the idea of re-expressing the mean absolute deviation as a weighted average of data with sum of weights zero. ANOMAD has advantages: offers meaningful measure of dispersion, does not square data, and can be extended to other location measures such as median. Two ANOMAD graphs are proposed. However, the variance-gamma distribution is used to fit the sampling distributions for the mean of BLSA and the mean of TRSA. Consequently, two tests of equal means and medians are proposed under the assumption of Laplace distribution.
Short Term Load Forecasting by Using ESN Neural Network Hamedan Province Case Study

Forecasting electrical energy demand is one of the important decision-making tools in distributing companies for making contracts scheduling and purchasing electrical energy. This paper studies load consumption modeling in Hamedan city province distribution network by applying ESN neural network. Weather forecasting data such as minimum day temperature, average day temperature, maximum day temperature, minimum dew temperature, average dew point temperature, maximum dew temperature, maximum humidity, average humidity and minimum humidity are collected from weather forecasting station in Hamedan province. By studying these parameters and daily electrical energy consumption registered in Distribution Company of Hamedan province and using statistical analysis factors, the parameters which affect daily electricity consumption have been recognized. By applying ESN neural network modeling this load with recognized parameters has been carried out and load forecasting has been assessed. Forecasting result indicates high accuracy of ESN network system for load forecasting short term.
HORIZONTAL STABILITY OF A QUASI-ZERO STIFFNESS MECHANISM USING INCLINED LINEAR SPRINGS

Negative stiffness mechanisms have seen renewed attention in recent years for their ability to reduce the resonance frequency of a structure without impeding their load-bearing ability. Such systems are often described as having quasi-zero stiffness when the negative stiffness is tuned to reduce the overall stiffness of the system as close to zero as possible without creating an instability. The system analysed in this work consists of a vertical spring for load bearing, and two symmetric inclined springs which behave with a snap-through effect to achieve negative stiffness. While this structure has been analysed extensively in the literature, generally only the stiffness in the vertical direction has been considered in the past. Here, the horizontal stiffness is assessed as well, and it is shown that it is possible to achieve quasi-zero stiffness in both directions simultaneously if the spring stiffnesses and pre-loads are chosen appropriately. Attention is paid to the tuning required in order to set the equilibrium point at a position which is arbitrarily close to having quasi-zero stiffness while avoiding issues arising from mechanical instability.
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the toxicity of water-accommodated fraction and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction of Hebei Spirit crude oil to the embryonic development of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of oil dispersant and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the toxicity of crude oil. The toxicity of water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction (CEWAF) of Hebei Spirit crude oil was investigated in the embryo of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum with- and without ultraviolet radiation. The WAF and CEWAF with- and without UV radiation affected significantly the embryonic development of R. philippinarum. The EC50s of WAF without UV, WAF with UV, CEWAF without UV, and CEWAF with UV were 2.82, 0.79, 1.60, and 0.45 g/L, respectively. CEWAF was 1.6 times more toxic than WAF. UV radiation increased crude oil toxicity to 3.6 times for both WAF and CEWAF. The oil dispersant and UV radiation did not affect the acute toxicity to the embryo but retarded the period of embryonic development up to 26%. R. philippinarum proved to be a sensitive species to reflect the toxic effects of oil spill combined with oil dispersant and UV radiation. It is suggested that the chemical analyses on the WAF and CEWAF is important for the identification and quantitative explanation of the phototoxic compounds in crude oil.
Updated Emission Estimates of Ozone Precursors from Energy Consumption by Power Plants and Industrial Facilities in the Central and Eastern Regions of Thailand

Effective regional ozone (O3) pollution management necessarily requires a representative emission database of key O3 precursors. This work presents new results from the ongoing development of such an emission database of power plants and industrial facilities in the central and eastern regions of Thailand. The development is based on recent energy and industrial activity data compiled or available from several domestic sources in both governmental and private sectors. The O3 precursors considered are nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC). The emission estimates were calculated using emissions factors recommended by the United State Environmental Protection Agency or by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It was found that total annual emission estimates from power plants are 29.6×10 3 ton NOX (as NO2), 2.4×10 3 ton NMVOC, and 17.5×10 3 ton CO in the central region and 33.0×10 3 ton NOX (as NO2), 2.3×10 3 ton NMVOC, and 23.8×10 3 ton CO in the eastern region; the total annual emission estimates from industrial facilities are 89.9×10 3 ton NOX (as NO2), 14.4×10 3 ton NMVOC, and 508.1×10 3 ton CO in the central region, and 37.6×103 ton NOX (as NO2), 4.4×10 3 ton NMVOC, and 144.9×10 3 ton CO in the eastern region.
A Semantic-oriented Framework for System Diagnosis

In the field of system and network diagnosis, there is a variety of modeling and inference methods reported in literature. However, very few are focusing on the validation and knowledge transfer in case of similar symptoms. Many researchers targeted the use of a generic diagnosis framework, semantic-oriented solutions, and temporal aspects related to diagnosis validation. Event correlation and action triggering are essential for an accurate diagnosis decision. However, no industry-wide solution was considered so far. In this article, we are proposing an adaptive framework for diagnosis validation and transfer of information from successful outcomes for future use and optimization of the diagnostic activity. It is shown that this mechanism allows a post-validation of successful diagnosis actions, optimizing the diagnosis process and increasing its accuracy. We are presenting a series of ontology-driven mechanisms for system diagnosis. Mainly, we introduce event ontology and concepts related to semantic tag clouds and show how to manage the activities to build an ontology-based diagnosis. Additionally, we consider temporal aspects related to diagnosis validation. Event correlation and action triggering are essential for an accurate diagnosis decision. There are several time-related challenges referring to event timestamps, timely event correlations, and timely corrective actions, in both absolute time (precise moment), or relative time (between events, actions, and events and actions). We consider a series of temporal operators defining the event relative temporal position that allows a more fine grain interpretation of the system behavior. A combination of proposed mechanisms is used to complete the main functions of a diagnosis engine.
A Chinese-Naxi Tree-to-Tree Machine Translation Method Based on Subtree Alignment

In allusion to the syntactic differences between Chinese and Naxi language, the thesis presents a tree-to-tree method of Chinese-Naxi machine translation based on subtree alignment. In this method, we define a subtree alignment model, providing its inference probability, and solve the alignment missing problem of Chinese-Naxi alignment by updating nodes (insert or delete). And then we train the subtree alignment model by EM algorithm, merging subtree alignment to the translation model. Finally we extract the template of Chinese-Naxi translation, adopting the extraction algorithm based on matrix, and implement the Chinese-Naxi machine translation. Result of the contrast experiment shows that, compared to the Chinese-Naxi machine translation method based on tree-to-tree translation, the translation accuracy increased after importing subtree alignment.
The preferentially magnified active nucleus in IRAS F10214+4724 - III. VLBI observations of the radio core

We report 1.7 GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of IRAS F10214+4724, a lensed z = 2.3 obscured quasar with prodigious star formation. We detect what we argue to be the obscured active nucleus with an effective angular resolution of /L⊙) = 11.34 ± 0.27 dex. We make the first black hole mass estimate of IRAS F10214+4724 and find log10(MBH/M⊙) = 8.36 ± 0.56 which suggests a low black hole accretion rate (λ = dot{M} / dot{M}_Edd ˜ 3± ^7_2 per cent). We find evidence for an MBH/Mspheroid ratio that is one to two orders of magnitude larger than that of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) at z ˜ 2. At face value, this suggests that IRAS F10214+4724 has undergone a different evolutionary path compared to SMGs at the same epoch. A primary result of this work is the demonstration that emission regions of different sizes and positions can undergo significantly different magnification boosts (>1 dex) and therefore distort our view of high-redshift, gravitationally lensed galaxies.
Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Morocco: An Econometric Analysis

Since the work of Imbs and Wacziarg (2003), most recent studies confirm a positive relationship between export diversification and income per capita (Cadot et al., 2011; Agosin et al., 2012). Therefore, export diversification appears as an important lever for economic growth. This type of export strategy contradicts the conventional theories of international trade, such as ricardien model, which considers that countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have a comparative advantage. However, recent literature and international experience have shown that more diversified countries tend to have faster and inclusive economic growth (Hesse, 2009). Thereby, export diversification can also help to improve international competitiveness, especially in developing contries. For the case of Morocco, this conclusion suggests that greater stage of export diversification would lead to a higher level of economic development.
The interaction of fiscal and monetary policies: some evidence using structural econometric models'

This paper examines the interaction of monetary and Þscal policies using both forward-looking (New Keynesian) and backward-looking structural econometric models. We estimate models for the US and Germany. In contrast to earlier work using VAR models, we are able to illustrate how the strategic complementarity or substitutability of the Þscal and monetary policy instruments depends crucially on the types of shocks hitting the economy, and on the assumptions made about the underlying structural model. Overall, we Þnd evidence to suggest that there is only some degree of policy complementarity in response to output shocks. On the whole, there is considerable evidence to suggest that Þscal policy either did not move together monetary policy, or to some extent moved in the opposite direction. JEL Codes: E58, E62, E63
Multigrid solution for the cauchy problem associated with helmholtz type equation on non uniform grids

Helmholtz equation has many real-world applications related to wave propagation and vibrating phenomena [1], the radiation and scattering of wave [2, 3]. We focus on the important application of Helmholtz equation that is the problem of heat conduction in fins [4-6]. The boundary conditions are often incomplete in many engineering problems and the solution is prescribed at some interior points in the domain. Generally, these are called ill-posed problems such that the stability and uniqueness of their solution are not guaranteed [7]. A classic example of an inverse problem for Helmholtz-type equation is the Cauchy problem. In this problem, the boundary conditions for both the solution and its normal derivative are prescribed only on a part of the boundary of the solution domain while having no information about the remaining part of the boundary. The uniqueness of the Cauchy problem is guaranteed unlike the direct problems without removing the eigenvalues for the Laplacian. Most models of real life problems are still very difficult to solve either theoretically or numerically. There has recently devoted to the search for better and more efficient methods for determining an approximate or numerical solution.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TRADE UNIONS IN PROMOTING EMPLOYEE RELATIONS IN ORGANISATIONS.

Trade union play great role in safeguarding employees from any form of discrimination or harassment in organisations. Employees need to work in good environment. Many researches have been done in this area but there is limited research in developing countries specifically in Botswana. Therefore, to fill this gap, this study will find out the role played by trade unions in solving labour related disputes, with specific reference to working conditions, salaries and ‘fair treatment’. In addition, the study will also focus on how members perceive their work and non-work experiences and belief with their trade unions and weather the unions performed their duties in line with their expectations. The study used cross-sectional survey. The data was collected by the questionnaire. The major finding demonstrated that economic factors like changes in government policies are taken into consideration in the operations of the union. In addition, the unions also stick to their traditional view that was founded. Thus, working for the interest of its members rather than of the society it operates in, otherwise it would not serving according to the expectations of their members and this may results in decline in membership as it happened within some African countries.
The answer is blowing in the wind: Weather effects on personality ratings.

Abstract. This study examined the effects of weather on personality self-ratings. Single-assessment data were derived from the German General Social Survey conducted in 2008. For a subset of the participants (N = 478), official weather station data for the day a personality inventory was completed could be determined. Among these respondents, 140 (29%) completed the personality inventory on an unambiguously sunny day, 59 (12%) completed the measure on an unambiguously rainy day, and 279 (59%) completed the questionnaire on a day characterized by mixed weather conditions. Results revealed that self-ratings for some personality domains differed depending on the weather conditions on the day the inventory was completed. When compared with corresponding self-ratings collected under mixed weather conditions, ratings for the Big Five dimension of Openness to Experience were significantly lower on rainy days and ratings for Conscientiousness were significantly lower on sunny days. These results are suggestive of.
The Meaning of Betti's Reciprocal Theorem

It was remarked long ago (1)1 that Betti 's l'eciprocal theorem, famili ar in the linearized theory of elasticity, remains valid for infinitesi mal strain superimposed upon fLn arbitmrily strained tate of a hyperelastic material, and recently a proof was published [2]. The true significance of Betti's theorem, however, lies in its being a criterion jor the existence oj a stored-energy junction. Indeed, the differen t ial equations and stress boundary conditions to be sl1tisfied by the superimposed displacement field u are [3]
Identification of Podocalyxin as a Candidate Gene in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Studies of rare monogenetic forms of the glomerular kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have highlighted the importance of the podocyte in glomerular filtration. Recent reports have also demonstrated that the integral membrane protein podocalyxin (PODXL) is essential for the proper functioning of podocytes, possibly through maintaining the patency of the filtration slits by virtue of charge repulsion. Through whole exome sequencing, our group has recently identified rare co-segregating variants in PODXL in several families with autosomal dominant FSGS. One of the private variants, p.L442R, changes a highly-conserved non-polar residue into a charged residue within the protein’s transmembrane domain. Using biochemical and cell-based assays, we demonstrate that the private variant enhances dimerization of the protein. However, the variant does not alter PODXL protein stability, subcellular localization, glycosylation, or interaction with known binding partner ezrin. Our data suggests that the variant is the most likely cause of disease in one family with autosomal dominant FSGS. However, the pathogenicity of the PODXL variant remains unclear, illustrating the challenges of confirming or refuting a rare mutation as disease causing.
Structural Agricultural Land Use Modelling

This paper develops a structural econometric model of agricultural land use and production based on the joint multi-output technology representation introduced by Chambers and Just (1989). Starting from a flexible specification of the farm profit function we derive land use allocation, input applications, crops yield and livestock number equations in a joint and theoretically consistent framework. We present an empirical application using fine-scale spatial data covering the entirety of England and Wales and including the main economic, policy and environmental drivers of land use change in the past 40 years. To account for the presence of censored observations in this micro-level data we estimate the model as a system of two-limits Tobit equations via Quasi-Maximum Likelihood. We finally compare the forecasting ability of our approach against an established benchmark: the land use share logit model.
The Influence of Hook Type, Angler Experience, and Fish Size on Injury Rates and the Duration of Capture in an Alaskan Catch-and-Release Rainbow Trout Fishery

Abstract Owing to concerns about the high incidence of past hooking injuries in Alagnak River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, fish were captured with spin- and fly-fishing gear with barbed and barbless circle and “J” hooks to determine gear types contributing to injury. Landing and hook removal times were measured for a portion of fish captured, and the anatomical hooking location, hooking scar locations, bleeding intensity, angler experience, and fish size were recorded for all captured fish. Approximately 62% of fish captured experienced at least one new hooking injury, and 29% of fish had at least one past hooking injury. Small fish sustained higher new injury and bleeding rates, but large fish had higher past injury rates. Injury rates were higher for barbed J hooks, barbed J hooks took longer to remove, and fish caught by spin-fishing were injured more frequently than fish caught by fly-fishing. Fewer fly-fishing-caught fish were injured using circle hooks, and circle hooks tended to hook fish in .
Viscous-Resistance Calculation and Verification of Remotely Operated Inspection Submarine

The purpose of the present study is to calculate and verify the viscous resistance of a remotely operated inspection submarine which is used for the purpose of underwater inspections.The focus of the study is to investigate the effect of a vertical fin on the total value of the viscous resistance. In the design of a submarine, determination of the viscous resistance plays an important role. The smaller the viscous resistance, the smaller is the engine power to be required, which results in a more economic vehicle during the operation. Viscous resistance calculationswere done by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and verifications by wind tunnel experiments. Three models of submarines were simulated and tested. Results of data analysis show that the effect of an installation of a vertical fin on the total viscous resistance is not detectable in the current experimental setting. Furthermore, comparisons between simulation and experimental results show that the root mean square errors (RMSE) are, respectively, 2.48 x 10 -3 , 3.18 x 10 -3 and 2.88 x 10 -3 for model I, II and III.
Cyber Attacks in Cloud Computing: Modelling Multi-stage Attacks using Probability Density Curves

Cyber attacks in cloud computing more often than not tend to exploit vulnerabilities and weaknesses found in the underlying structural components of the cloud. Such vulnerabilities and weaknesses have drawn interest from various attack profiles ranging from script kiddies to APTs. Regardless of the attack profile, cyber attackers have come to leverage the interdependencies exhibited amongst these vulnerabilities by chaining exploits together to effectuate complex interlinked attack paths. Such chaining of vulnerabilities in cloud components results in multi-stage attacks where the attacker traverses different segments of the cloud residing in different layers to reach the target. In this paper, we partition the cloud into three different layers to show how multi-stage attacks on Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) interleave with the SaaS, PaaS and IaaS cloud computing service models. Further, we generate multi-stage attack paths based on the vulnerabilities exhibited in the components across the partitioned cloud layers. Furthermore, we model the constituents of multi-stage attack events as discrete random Bernoulli variables to characterize the attack path pursued by a given attack profile. We generate probability density curves of the associated resultant attack paths to infer on the nature of the attack and recommend a hierarchical security mitigation process based on the nature of the attack nodes.
Constrained two-stream algorithm for calculating aerosol light absorption coefficient from the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer

Abstract. We present a new correction scheme for filter-based absorption photometers based on a constrained two-stream (CTS) radiative transfer model and experimental calibrations. The two-stream model was initialized using experimentally accessible optical parameters of the filter. Experimental calibrations were taken from the literature and from dedicated experiments for the present manuscript. Uncertainties in the model and calibration experiments are discussed and uncertainties for retrieval of absorption coefficients are derived. For single-scattering albedos lower than 0.8, the new CTS method and also other correction schemes suffer from the uncertainty in calibration experiments, with an uncertainty of about 20% in the absorption coefficient. For high single-scattering albedos, the CTS correction significantly reduces errors. At a single-scattering albedo of about 0.98 the error can be reduced to 30%, whereas errors using the Bond correction (Bond et al., 1999) are up to 100%. The correction scheme was tested using data from an independent experiment. The tests confirm the modeled performance of the correction scheme when comparing the CTS method to other established correction methods.