Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of the 5.8S and large subunit rRNA genes and the internal transcribed spacer and part of the external spacer from Giardia ardeae.

The protozoan Giardia ardeae is a parasite of the great blue heron (Ardea herodias). It has a morphology that is very similar to the human parasite G. duodenalis; morphological differences can only be detected easily by scanning electron microscopy (1). At the molecular level, G. ardeae differs considerably from G. duodenalis in its electrokaryotype (1) and in the organization of its rRNA genes (2). Since the phylogeny of the genus Giardia is of importance for epidemiological studies and because this genus represents the most primitive eukaryotes studied to date (4) we have undertaken a more extensive analysis of the rRNA genes. To this end the rDNA repeat units from Giardia duodenalis, G. muris and G. ardeae were cloned and subjected to sequence analysis (2). While an extensive comparison and analysis of the small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) genes of the three species will be presented elsewhere, we present here the nucleotide sequence of a BamHI to KpnI fragment of G. ardeae that contains the region starting at the 3' end of the SSU-rRNA gene and that ends in the spacer region downstream from the large subunit rRNA (LSU-rRNA) gene. The overall G+C content of this region is 71.8% while that of the LSU-rDNA by itself is 70.3%. The 3' end of the LSU-rDNA could not be determined accurately, but an estimation of its position was obtained based on sequence alignment with G. duodenalis rDNA (4) and analysis
Rotation in the Orion Nebula Cluster

Eighteen small (4′ square) fields within the Orion Nebula cluster (ONC) have been photometrically monitored for one or more observing seasons between 1990 and 1999 with a CCD attached to the 0.6 m telescope at Van Vleck Observatory on the campus of Wesleyan University. Data were obtained exclusively in the Cousins I band on between 25 and 40 nights per season. Results from the first 3 yr of operation of this program were summarized and analyzed by Choi & Herbst. Here we provide an update based on an additional 6 yr of observation and the extensive optical and infrared study of the cluster by Hillenbrand et al. Rotation periods with false-alarm probabilities FAP < 1% are now available for 134 members of the ONC. Of these, 67 were detected at multiple epochs with identical periods by us, and an additional 15 were confirmed by Stassun et al. in their study of Ori OB1c and OB1d. Therefore, we have a sample of 82 stars with virtually certain rotation periods and another 52 with highly probable periods, all of which are cluster members. The bimodal period distribution for the ONC reported by Choi & Herbst is confirmed, but we also find a clear dependence of rotation period on mass. This phenomenon can be understood as an effect of deuterium burning, which temporarily slows the contraction and, therefore, spin-up of stars with M ≤ 0.25 M⊙ and ages ∼1 Myr. Stars with M < 0.25 M⊙ have not had time to bridge the gap in the period distribution at around 4 days. Excess H-K and I-K emissions, as well as Ca II infrared triplet equivalent widths (Hillenbrand et al.), show weak but significant correlations with rotation period among stars with M > 0.25 M⊙. Our results provide new observational support for the importance of disks in the early rotational evolution of low-mass stars.
Minimal Brain Dysfunction

The results of a comparative study of hyperactive and specific-reading-disabled children and their families are presented. The cognitive profiles of the two types of index cases reveal substantial differences. The data suggest that the learning problems frequently noted in hyperactive children are probably more similar to those found in a group which Yule (1972) calls “backward readers” than to those of the specific-reading-disabled children. Further differences between the two groups of index cases were noted in family background variables, such as familial incidence of psychopathology and criminal behavior, family history of hyperactivity, and family history of reading disability.
Optimal placement and sizing of DGs considering static voltage stability

The voltage stability problem of distribution networks is an important issue in power system studies. The heavy load situation will lead to rapid voltage drop and voltage instability. In this paper, a new voltage stability index (VSI) is used to identify the most sensitive bus to the voltage collapse in the radial distribution network. In this study, implementation of Distributed Generation (DG) is studied in order to enhance the voltage stability margin of the distributed network. For this purpose, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to determine the optimal place and size of DGs. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 33-bus distribution network and 19-bus distribution network. Simulation results give an illustration of the feasibility of the proposed method.
Process communication in medical software development

This paper describes a case study on using the Eclipse Process Framework in a medical software development organization to consolidate existing process descriptions. Although on nonmedical fields the Eclipse Process Framework was successfully used for process modeling and aiding process improvement efforts, the complex nature of the regulatory and process standard requirements on the medical software field needs special attention. In this environment, compliance to the regulatory is more important than improvement, so the process modeling has to implement these requirements in a very strict way, while supporting the business goals of the organization and enabling the improvement of the processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical and non-surgical management of malignant pleural effusions

ABSTRACT Introduction: Optimal management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is important in the care of patients with advanced cancer. Surgical (especially video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)) and non-surgical strategies are available. Clinicians should be aware of the evidence supporting the use of different modalities to guide treatment choice. Areas covered: This review covers published evidence of the advantages and disadvantages of VATS and non-surgical alternatives for MPE management. Expert commentary: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are needed to define the roles and benefits of VATS as existing literature is often flawed by selection bias. Three RCTs have failed to show benefits of VATS talc poudrage over bedside talc pleurodesis. VATS-pleurectomy offered no survival advantage in a RCT of mesothelioma patients. Modification of VATS techniques has reduced the invasiveness and associated risks. Future trials should compare VATS with contemporary, non-surgical approaches (especially combined Indwelling Pleural Catheter (IPC) and chemical pleurodesis therapy). Individualized management for different subgroups of MPE patients should be a long-term research goal. Studies are needed on better patient selection, and adjunct non-invasive, supportive (e.g. nutrition and exercise) therapies.
A review of complications following transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in-vitro fertilization

Transvaginal ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval (TVOR) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment was first described in 1985. By virtue of its simplicity and effectiveness, it has gained widespread popularity and has now become the gold standard for IVF therapy. Nevertheless, despite the advantages, the aspiration needle may injure the adjacent pelvic organs and structures leading to serious complications. The most common complications are haemorrhage, trauma and injury of pelvic structures, and pelvic infection. Other complications described include adnexal torsion, rupture of endometriotic cysts, anaesthetic, and even vertebral osteomyelitis. In the last two decades, several reports have described the complications associated with this technique, and tried to address the risk factors and safety issues. However there is wide variation in the way this common procedure is performed, with room for improvement through published guidelines. This article reviews the most common complications reported in literature, summarizes the recommendations made to minimize their occurrence, and raises some of the controversial issues related to the procedure especially that of pelvic infection. Conflict of interest: none
Efficacy and Safety of Sumatriptan Tablets (25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg) in the Acute Treatment of Migraine: Defining the Optimum Doses of Oral Sumatriptan

That sumatriptan tablets are effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine has been established, but the relationship between dose and efficacy has not been adequately defined to date in clinical trials. This multinational double‐blind trial (N=1003) in which patients treated up to three migraine attacks with sumatriptan 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or placebo, with a second independently randomized dose for headache recurrence, evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of three doses of sumatriptan. The results demonstrate that all doses of sumatriptan were superior (P<0.05) to placebo in reducing moderate or severe predose headache to mild or no headache 4 hours postdose for each of the three treated attacks; sumatriptan 50 mg and 100 mg were each superior (P<0.05) to sumatiptan 25 mg 4 hours postdose for two of three attacks. Sumatriptan (all doses) was similarly effective at relieving nausea and photophobia or phonophobia or both and at reducing clinical disability. Headache recurrence was experienced by similar proportions of patients across treatment groups (35% to 48% after placebo; 26% to 39% after sumatriptan). Relief of recurrent headache 2 hours after the second dose of study medication occurred in greater percentages of patients using any dose of sumatriptan compared with patients using placebo to treat recurrence. The incidence of adverse events with 25‐mg and 50‐mg sumatriptan tablets was similar to the incidence with placebo and lower than the incidence with 100‐mg sumatriptan tablets. These data provide the first demonstration from a large well‐controlled clinical trial that both the 50‐ and 100‐mg doses are more effective than the 25‐mg dose and that the 50‐mg dose is associated with a lower incidence of adverse events than the 100‐mg dose.
Benefits of Population Segmentation Analysis for Developing Health Policy to Promote Patient-Centred Care.

1Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Address for Correspondence: Mr Chong Jia Loon, Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857. Email: jialoon@u.duke. nus.edu Introduction The philosophy of patient-centred care requires a paradigm shift away from fragmented institution-centred care to integrated care models such as care teams that develop and implement a care plan tailored to meet patient needs.1 While no 2 patients are exactly alike, it is not feasible to focus at the granular level when developing health policies that promote patient-centred care. Segmenting the population into relatively homogeneous, distinct subgroups promotes the development of care models tailored to similar groups of people rather than individuals.2,3 Population segmentation, with the aim of optimising healthcare services, originally evolved from market segmentation. Widely applied in the field of business, market segmentation involves tailoring product features for different consumer types.4 Population segmentation analysis can happen at various levels—at the macro (e.g. nationwide population), meso (e.g. diabetic patients), and micro levels (e.g. individual adverse event risk stratification)3—with the segments themselves being derived either through expert inputs or post-hoc using statistical methods applied to empirical data.4 In order to prepare for an ageing population in Singapore,1 initiatives to integrate care through population segmentation have already been started, such as those by the Agency for Integrated Care.5 As resources are finite, targeted and high value interventions that are enabled by population segmentation analysis have become increasingly relevant. In this article, we discuss the specific benefits of population segmentation analysis for the provision of efficient patientcentred care. These include the facilitation of healthcare service planning, promoting the evaluation of health service innovations and improving care integration.
Bundle adjustment without iterative structure estimation and its application to navigation

This paper describes a new approach for bundle adjustment (BA), which is based on a non-linear optimization of only the camera pose for all the views in a given sequence of images and does not involve iterative structure estimation. If required, structure reconstruction can be performed based on the camera matrices after convergence of the optimization process. Instead of applying the projection equations, the cost function being optimized in the suggested approach is based on the three-view geometry constraints that should be satisfied for any three views with a common overlapping area. Significant reduction in computational complexity is obtained compared to a standard BA, since the number of unknown parameters participating in the iterative optimization is much smaller. The optimization problem is formulated relative to the camera pose of the first view, as commonly used in robotics navigation applications. The proposed method is demonstrated on a publicly available dataset of real images and the optimized camera pose and the recovered structure are compared to the ground truth.
Identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis and attachment of Methanococcus voltae N‐linked glycans: insight into N‐linked glycosylation pathways in Archaea

N‐linked glycosylation is recognized as an important post‐translational modification across all three domains of life. However, the understanding of the genetic pathways for the assembly and attachment of N‐linked glycans in eukaryotic and bacterial systems far outweighs the knowledge of comparable processes in Archaea. The recent characterization of a novel trisaccharide [β‐ManpNAcA6Thr‐(1‐4)‐β‐GlcpNAc3NAcA‐(1‐3)‐β‐GlcpNAc]N‐linked to asparagine residues in Methanococcus voltae flagellin and S‐layer proteins affords new opportunities to investigate N‐linked glycosylation pathways in Archaea. In this contribution, the insertional inactivation of several candidate genes within the M. voltae genome and their resulting effects on flagellin and S‐layer glycosylation are reported. Two of the candidate genes were shown to have effects on flagellin and S‐layer protein molecular mass and N‐linked glycan structure. Further examination revealed inactivation of either of these two genes also had effects on flagella assembly. These genes, designated agl (archaeal glycosylation) genes, include a glycosyl transferase (aglA) involved in the attachment of the terminal sugar to the glycan and an STT3 oligosaccharyl transferase homologue (aglB) involved in the transfer of the complete glycan to the flagellin and S‐layer proteins. These findings document the first experimental evidence for genes involved in any glycosylation process within the domain Archaea.
Pineal function during aging: attenuation of the melatonin rhythm and its neurobiological consequences.

The pineal hormone melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger. In particular, it quenches what is generally considered the most toxic and damaging free radical produced in the organism, the hydroxyl radical (.OH). Melatonin production in the pineal gland declines progressively with age such that in old animals and elderly humans the levels of melatonin available to the organism are a fraction of that of young individuals. A prominent theory of aging claims that the anatomical and functional degeneration that organs undergo during aging is a consequence of accumulated free radical damage. This being so, melatonin may well play a significant role in aging processes. If the drop in melatonin which normally occurs as animals age could be prevented, perhaps the aging process would also be delayed. Also, supplemental administration of melatonin may be beneficial in delaying age-related degenerative conditions. Certainly, free radical damage has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Theoretically, melatonin administration may forestall these as well.
RI-TAL : le TAL au service de la RI

How may Natural Language Processing serve Information Retrieval? This paper provides some clues in the context of the implementation of a search engine within an industrial application, TokTokTok, that gathers a large set of heterogeneous data about products of many kinds. We demonstrate that the enrichment of the database by semantic treatments improves the results of the search engine. On the other side, the integration of these semantic data into the core of the Information Retrieval system proves to be less effective. Using the NLP as preprocessing of IR thus reveals itself as more relevant than its deeper integration. MOTS-CLÉS : Recherche d’Information, Traitement Automatique des Langues, ElasticSearch, Application industrielle.
FORMANDO PROFESSORES: UMA HEURÍSTICA REFLEXIVA

O presente estudo reflete criticamente sobre a formacao do professor de LE a luz da condicao pos-metodo, com o intuito de contribuir para a acao de programas de formacao. Dentre outras questoes, ilumina a importância de o professor em formacao construir percepcao sobre o contexto e de si proprio como agente da propria formacao. Para tal, primeiro trata de aspectos filosoficos presentes no contra-discurso da condicao pos-metodo, em seguida destaca a conscientizacao sobre o papel do contexto no ensino-aprendizagem de linguas e finalmente apresenta uma heuristica reflexiva com potencial de guiar as acoes dos cursos de formacao.
The Value of Strategic IS Planning: Understanding Consistency, Validity, and IS Markets

The impact of IS technologies on the competitive capability of the firm has increased the need for effective strategic IS planning. This paper argues that an effective strategic IS planning process must provide for (1) definition of key markets (within the firm) for IS products and services; (2) internal consistency, particularly between the strategic business plan and strategic IS plan; and (3) a means to assess the validity of the planning process. The need to establish validity is seen as critical in today’s highly turbulent business environment. Results of an actual planning process are used to illustrate how assumption surfacing can be used as one means to address the vafidity issue.
Complementation contributes to transcriptome complexity in maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids relative to their inbred parents

Typically, F1-hybrids are more vigorous than their homozygous, genetically distinct parents, a phenomenon known as heterosis. In the present study, the transcriptomes of the reciprocal maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids B73×Mo17 and Mo17×B73 and their parental inbred lines B73 and Mo17 were surveyed in primary roots, early in the developmental manifestation of heterotic root traits. The application of statistical methods and a suitable experimental design established that 34,233 (i.e., 86%) of all high-confidence maize genes were expressed in at least one genotype. Nearly 70% of all expressed genes were differentially expressed between the two parents and 42%–55% of expressed genes were differentially expressed between one of the parents and one of the hybrids. In both hybrids, ∼10% of expressed genes exhibited nonadditive gene expression. Consistent with the dominance model (i.e., complementation) for heterosis, 1124 genes that were expressed in the hybrids were expressed in only one of the two parents. For 65 genes, it could be shown that this was a consequence of complementation of genomic presence/absence variation. For dozens of other genes, alleles from the inactive inbred were activated in the hybrid, presumably via interactions with regulatory factors from the active inbred. As a consequence of these types of complementation, both hybrids expressed more genes than did either parental inbred. Finally, in hybrids, ∼14% of expressed genes exhibited allele-specific expression (ASE) levels that differed significantly from the parental-inbred expression ratios, providing further evidence for interactions of regulatory factors from one parental genome with target genes from the other parental genome.
Evaluation of Eddy-Current Probe Signals Due to Cracks in Fastener Holes

Cracks in conductors are detected through changes in the impedance of a coil that induces current in the material. In order to gain insight into the physics of the inspection, we have developed a theoretical and computational model that predicts the signals due to cracks in circular cylindrical holes using a boundary element calculation. In formulating the problem, the electromagnetic field is decomposed into transverse electric and transverse magnetic scalar modes. The effect of a planar crack in an electromagnetic field is represented by an electric current dipole layer orientated normal to the crack surface. The dipole density is determined by the integral equation whose dyadic kernel ensures that the tangential electric and magnetic fields are continuous at the surface of the hole. Instead of solving this equation, a numerical approximation is found in the form of a discrete system of linear algebraic equations formed using either boundary and volume elements depending respectively, on whether the crack opening is negligible or not. Because the kernel embodies the interface conditions at the surface of the hole, a discrete approximation of the field is only necessary in the flaw domain which means that relatively few unknowns are needed. The probe impedance variation has been computed for both ideal cracks, defined as having negligible opening but impenetrable to current, and open cracks/slots. Open crack model predictions of coil impedance variations with position relative to a semi-elliptical axial crack are in good agreement with measurements.
The influence of different types of preparation (espresso and brew) on coffee aroma and main bioactive constituents

Abstract Coffee is one of the most popular hot drinks in the world; it may be prepared by several methods, but the most common forms are boiled (brew) and pressurized (espresso). Analytical studies on the substances responsible for the pleasant aroma of roasted coffee have been carried out for more than 100 years. Brew coffee and espresso coffee (EC) have a different and peculiar aroma profile, demonstrating the importance of the brewing process on the final product sensorial quality. Concerning bioactive compounds, the extraction mechanism plays a crucial role. The differences in the composition of coffee brew in chlorogenic acids and caffeine content is the result of the different procedures of coffee preparation. The aim of the present review is to detail how the brewing process affects coffee aroma and composition.