Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public Health and Travel Behavior

Public health, as a major factor influencing the livability and well-being of a community has been a subject of interest in many academic fields including Transportation science. It is postulated that public health has potential associations with various travel related factors such as Travel Behavior. Travel Behavior could indirectly impact public health by influencing various personal and community level quality of life indicators such as physical activity and Air pollution respectively. Various aspects of Travel Behavior such as mode choice, route choice, trip generation, trip sequence and scheduling are affected by built environment, soiodemographic and trip features. Some of these features that are displayed in Figure 1 include Urban Form, Land Use, Transportation System like transit accessibility, quality and frequency of service, and trip purpose and duration. These features directly influence travel behavior; while, travel behavior would directly impact Air pollutions, physical activity, traffic, comfort/safety of travel and Noise pollution. These quality of life indicators are believed to have some level of association with public health status. Therefore, consistent in-depth research on different aspects of travel behavior and how each aspect is related to public and individual health indicators are highly suggested by travel and health specialists.
Neural Networks based Real Time Classifier for Wireless Sensor Networks and Framework for VLSI Implementation

Wireless sensor network is highly data driven network. Communication between the nodes consumes higher quantum of battery power. Battery is the prime source for wireless sensor node to function. Hence every aspects of sensor node are designed with energy constraints. The paper discusses classification technique, which can reduce the energy need for communication. Neural Networks in particular the combination of ART1 and Fuzzy ART model are efficiently used for developing Real time Classifier. Wireless sensor networks demand for the real time classification of sensor data. In this paper clustering and classification techniques using ART1 and Fuzzy ART is discussed. ART1 and Fuzzy ART have very good architectural strategy, which makes it simple for VLSI implementation. The VLSI implementation of the proposed classifier can be a part of embedded microsensor.
Audit Assertions e a Modificação de Opinião dos Auditores no Mercado Brasileiro

Objective: Investigate the use of audit assertions to justify opinion changes in Brazilian audit reports. Method: A descriptive study was undertaken through content analysis, in which 2,243 reports from 338 non-financial publicly traded companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA between 2009 and 2015 were investigated, identifying 192 audit reports with a changed opinion. We investigated whether some assertion prevails in the opinion changes and whether each of them can be associated with certain accounting equity and income groups. Results: The audit assertions Evaluation and Integrity are the most used to justify opinion changes. As for the association between the audit assertions and the accounting groups, it was verified that the categories of Existence/Occurrence tend to be associated with asset and income accounts, while the Integrity categories are related to liabilities and expenses. The relevant number of justifications based on business continuity aspects stood out. Contributions: This study contributes to the development of the Brazilian literature on auditing and to reflections on the quality of audit work, mainly by presenting evidence on how and in what dimension the Brazilian auditors use audit assertions to justify opinion changes on the financial statements.
The Leverage of Financial Intermediaries, Market Failure, and Regulation

This paper first presents a new approach to examine the leverage of financial intermediaries. It is driven by differing risk preferences and captures two features: Debt serves to boost the return of equity, and equity to safe net debt. Then the paper shows, for the first time, that if unregulated, financial intermediaries are leveraged over the social best level, whereas the leverage of real sectors is not subject to the market failure. The market failure is expounded for the first time. It is fixed by proper capital adequacy regulation. The regulation raises the profit of the finance sector as a whole, but individual financial intermediaries have incentive to circumvent the regulation.
Developmental Regulation of Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor inTorpedoElectrocyte

Tyrosine phosphorylation is thought to play a critical role in the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the developing neuromuscular junction. Yet, in vitro approaches have led to conflicting conclusions regarding the function of tyrosine phosphorylation of AChR beta subunit in AChR clustering. In this work, we followed in situ the time course of tyrosine phosphorylation of AChR in developing Torpedo electrocyte. We observed that tyrosine phosphorylation of the AChR beta and delta subunits occurs at a late stage of embryonic development after the accumulation of AChRs and rapsyn in the membrane and the onset of innervation. Interestingly, in the mature postsynaptic membrane, we observed two populations of AChR differing both in their phosphotyrosine content and distribution. Our data are consistent with the notion that tyrosine phosphorylation of the AChR is related to downstream events in the pathway regulating AChR accumulation rather than to initial clustering events.
Small signal analysis of current mode active-clamp ZVS dc-dc converters

Active clamp technique has been proved to be an important topology for pulse width modulated (PWM) converters featuring zero voltage switching (ZVS). The small signal modeling and analysis of current mode controlled active clamp ZVS dc-dc converters are presented in this paper. It is identified that, damping due to lossless resistance inherent in active clamp topology is eliminated under uncompensated current mode control. The buck converter is considered to demonstrate the small signal modeling of current mode controlled active clamp ZVS dc-dc converters. The analysis is also extended to boost and buck-boost converters and the same can be extended to complete family of active clamp dc-dc converters. The small signal model of active clamp converter is compared with the hard switched converters. Simulation results for the active clamp buck converter are presented.
Effective theories of the fractional quantum Hall effect: Hierarchy construction.

The effective theories for the hierarchical fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) are proposed. We obtain the quantum numbers of the quasiparticles and the structure of the edge excitations for the general hierarchical FQHE state. It is shown that at the filling fractions \ensuremath{\nu}=k/(2km\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1) the Jain states and the hierarchical FQHE states give rise to the same quasiparticles and edge excitations and have the same effective theories (in the dual form). This suggests that these FQHE states are equivalent despite having been obtained from two different schemes.
On uniqueness of clearing vectors reducing the systemic risk

Clearing of financial system, i.e. of a network of interconnecting banks, is a procedure of simultaneous repaying debts to reduce their total volume. The vector whose components are repayments of each bank is called clearing vector. In simple models considered by Eisenberg and Noe (2001) and, independently, by Suzuki (2002), it was shown that the clearing to the minimal value of debts accordingly to natural rules can be formulated as a fixpoint problems. The existence of their solutions, i.e. of clearing vectors, is rather straightforward and can be obtained by a direct reference to the Knaster–Tarski or Brouwer theorems. The uniqueness of clearing vectors is a more delicate problem which was solved by Eisenberg and Noe using a graph structure of the financial network. We prove uniqueness results in two generalizations of the Eisenberg–Noe model: in the Elsinger model with seniority of liabilities and in the Amini–Filipovic–Minca type model with several types of liquid assets whose firing sale has a market impact.
Integrating family planning and HIV services in western Kenya: the impact on HIV-infected patients’ knowledge of family planning and male attitudes toward family planning

Little information exists on the impact of integrating family planning (FP) services into HIV care and treatment on patients’ familiarity with and attitudes toward FP. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in 18 public HIV clinics with 12 randomized to integrated FP and HIV services and 6 to the standard referral-based system where patients are referred to an FP clinic. Serial cross-sectional surveys were done before (n = 488 women, 486 men) and after (n = 479 women, 481 men) the intervention to compare changes in familiarity with FP methods and attitudes toward FP between integrated and nonintegrated (NI) sites. We created an FP familiarity score based on the number of more effective FP methods patients could identify (score range: 0–6). Generalized estimating equations were used to control for clustering within sites. An increase in mean familiarity score between baseline (mean = 5.16) and post-intervention (mean = 5.46) occurred with an overall mean change of 0.26 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.09, 0.45; p = 0.003) across all sites. At end line, there was no difference in increase of mean FP familiarity scores at intervention versus control sites (mean = 5.41 vs. 5.49, p = 0.94). We observed a relative decrease in the proportion of males agreeing that FP was “women’s business” at integrated sites (baseline 42% to end line 30%; reduction of 12%) compared to males at NI sites (baseline 35% to end line 42%; increase of 7%; adjusted odds ration [aOR] = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.85). Following FP–HIV integration, familiarity with FP methods increased but did not differ by study arm. Integration was associated with a decrease in negative attitudes toward FP among men.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN THE FIRE‐BELLIED TOADS, BOMBINA BOMBINA AND B. VARIEGATA, NEAR CRACOW IN SOUTHERN POLAND

The fire‐bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata differ extensively in biochemistry, morphology, and behavior. We use a survey of five diagnostic enzyme loci across the hybrid zone near Cracow in Southern Poland to estimate the dispersal rate, selection pressures, and numbers of loci which maintain this zone. The enzyme clines coincide closely with each other and with morphological and mitochondrial DNA clines. Although the zone lies on a broad transition between environments suitable for bombina and variegata, the close concordance of diverse characters, together with increased aberrations and mortality in hybrids, suggest that the zone is maintained largely by selection against hybrids. There are strong “linkage disequilibria” between each pair of (unlinked) enzyme loci (R̄ = 0.129 [2‐unit support limits: 0.119–0.139]). These are probably caused by gene flow into the zone, and they give an estimate of dispersal (σ = 890 [790–940] m gen−½). The clines are sharply stepped, with most of the change occurring within 6.15 (5.45–6.45) km, but with long tails of introgression on either side. This implies that the effective selection pressure on each enzyme marker (due largely to disequilibrium with other loci) is s* = 0.17 (0.159–0.181) at the center but that the selection acting directly on the enzyme loci is weak or zero (se < 0.0038). The stepped pattern implies a barrier to gene flow of 220 (48–415) km. This would substantially delay neutral introgression but would have little effect on advantageous alleles; the two taxa need not evolve independently. Strong selection is needed to maintain such a barrier: hybrid populations must have their mean fitness reduced by a factor of 0.65 (0.60–0.77). This selection must be spread over a large number of loci to account for the concordant patterns and the observed cline widths (N = 300 [80–2,000]).
Immunohistochemical Identification of Tissue Culture Cells

Summary Cell lines of different species have been shown to be differentiated by immunohistochemical technics using properly absorbed antisera. In the work reported here the antisera were prepared against human and mouse tissues and reacted strongly with the connective tissue of the corresponding species in sections of adult human or adult mouse organs, respectively. These antisera also reacted individually with tissue culture cells of human and mouse organs. In all cases the use of the proper tissue in sufficient amounts to absorb the antiserums plays a crucial part in being able to demonstrate the specific staining of cells. Differentiation can be made even within the cell lines of a single species when unique components are present in one of them. The use of anti-myosin serum to detect muscle cells is an example. The technic of using paired labeled antiserum quickly and effectively demonstrates that very slight contamination can be recognized. Such a small contamination would be difficult to detect by other tests such as chromosome morphology technics where the cell must be in the metaphase before it can be observed and chromosomes of each cell counted.
IL-18 induces emphysema and airway and vascular remodeling via IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-13.

RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, alveolar destruction, and airway and vascular remodeling. However, the mechanisms that lead to these diverse alterations have not been defined. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that IL-18 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. METHODS We generated and characterized lung-specific, inducible IL-18 transgenic mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Here we demonstrate that the expression of IL-18 in the mature murine lung induces inflammation that is associated with the accumulation of CD4(+), CD8(+), CD19(+), and NK1.1(+) cells; emphysema; mucus metaplasia; airway fibrosis; vascular remodeling; and right ventricle cardiac hypertrophy. We also demonstrate that IL-18 induces type 1, type 2, and type 17 cytokines with IFN-γ-inhibiting macrophage, lymphocyte, and eosinophil accumulation while stimulating alveolar destruction and genes associated with cell cytotoxicity and IL-13 and IL-17A inducing mucus metaplasia, airway fibrosis, and vascular remodeling. We also highlight interactions between these responses with IL-18 inducing IL-13 via an IL-17A-dependent mechanism and the type 1 and type17/type 2 responses counterregulating each another. CONCLUSIONS These studies define the spectrum of inflammatory, parenchymal, airway, and vascular alterations that are induced by pulmonary IL-18; highlight the similarities between these responses and the lesions in COPD; and define the selective roles that type 1, type 2, and type 17 responses play in the generation of IL-18-induced pathologies.
Proportional–Integral Regulator-Based Approach to Wind Farm Reactive Power Management for Secondary Voltage Control

A PI-based control algorithm to govern the net reactive power flowing between wind farms composed of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) and the grid is proposed in this paper. The motivation underlying consists in demonstrating that secondary voltage control strategies may take advantage of such wind farms as if they were continuous reactive power sources. For that purpose, the local control structure of DFIGs is first described in some detail. The open-loop behavior of a 33 660-kW DFIG wind farm regarding the net power factor is then analyzed via simulation. Based on this study, a net reactive power control algorithm is devised for wind farms made up exclusively of DFIGs. Experimental results obtained by testing it both local and remotely, over a real wind farm located in Navarre-northern Spain-are also provided. In particular, net reactive power set-points supplied remotely to the wind farm are derived by an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm running at the operation central office of the utility company.
Latent class modelling of the association between socioeconomic background and breast cancer survival status at 5 years incorporating stage of disease

Background Stage of disease and socioeconomic background (SEB) are often used to ‘explain’ differences in breast cancer outcomes. There are challenges for all types of analysis (eg, survival analysis, logistic regression), including missing data, measurement error and the ‘reversal paradox’. This study investigates the association between SEB and survival status within 5 years of breast cancer diagnosis using (1) logistic regression with and without adjustment for stage and (2) logistic latent class analysis (LCA) excluding stage as a covariate but with and without stage as a latent class predictor. Methods Women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1998 and 2000 in one UK region were identified (n=11 781). Multilevel logistic regression was performed using standard regression and LCA. Models included SEB (2001 Townsend Index), age and stage (‘missing’ stage (8.0%) modelled as a separate category). The association of SEB with stage was also assessed. Results Using standard regression, there was a substantial association between SEB and death within 5 years, with and without adjustment for stage. Using LCA, patients were assigned to a large good prognosis group and a small poor prognosis group. The association between SEB and survival was substantive in both classes for the model without stage, but only in the larger class for the model with stage. Increasing deprivation was associated with more advanced stage at diagnosis. Conclusions LCA categorises patients into prognostic groups according to patient and tumour characteristics, providing an alternative strategy to the usual statistical adjustment for stage.
Summarization Focusing on Polarity or Opinion Fragments in Blogs

We present the TUT opinion summarization system which participated in the TAC 2008. The system consists of two modules: opinion/polarity automatic annotation module and fragment extraction module for summarization. Our research objective is to estimate the effectiveness of opinion/polarity annotation per sentence units for opinion summarization. The evaluation results showed that the polarity annotation is effective to improve the redundancy elimination and coherence.
Detección de plagio con adversarios

La categorizacion automatica de textos (CAT) es una tarea de gran relevancia debido a la necesidad de procesar y analizar volumenes cada vez mayores de informacion textual disponible en la Web y en las empresas. La CAT, usualmente implementada mediante tecnicas de aprendizaje automatico (AA), se ha convertido en una de las pocas alternativas realistas al analisis manual de documentos, con resultados de alto impacto en areas como la deteccion de spams, filtrado de noticias, deteccion de plagios, analisis de opinion y tendencias, organizacion de paginas web, determinacion del perfil de autores, etc. Sin embargo, en muchos dominios como la deteccion de spam, fraudes, plagio, intrusos, etc., la CAT debe enfrentar un problema cada vez mas frecuente: la presencia de adversarios, personas o sistemas automaticos, que deliberada y maliciosamente intentan detectar y explotar las vulnerabilidades propias de los sistemas de CAT en beneficio propio. Esta area de investigacion, denominada categorizacion con adversarios ha sido aplicada en enfoques tales como la deteccion de spams, fraude, intrusos en una red, virus, etc. pero, hasta donde sabemos, no ha sido analizada en el contexto de los sistemas de deteccion de plagio. Esta nueva area, que surge de la interseccion de la categorizacion con adversarios y la deteccion de plagios, la denominaremos deteccion de plagio con adversarios y constituye el eje central de esta linea de investigacion. Palabras clave: Plagio, Deteccion de plagio, Categorizacion de textos,
Regulation of Wnt gene expression

Members of the Wnt gene family play important roles in the regulation of a number of basic developmental processes. Because Wnt is such a potent morphogen, its expression must be controlled tightly and precisely. While many review papers focused on Wnt signaling downstream of the receptor, this review addresses regulations of Wnt itself on several levels, including the transcriptional level, RNA splicing, the post‐transcriptional level, the translational level, and the post‐translational level. It is these multiple, precise and tight regulations that guarantee that Wnts function correctly both temporally and spatially.
Testing the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis and Its Alternatives for Locomotor Performance

The beneficial acclimation hypothesis (BAH) is controversial. While physiological work all but assumes that the BAH is true, recent studies have shown that support for the BAH is typically wanting. The latter have been criticized for assessing the benefits of developmental plasticity rather than acclimation. Here we examine the BAH within a strong inference framework for five congeneric species of ameronothroid oribatid mites that occupy marine to terrestrial habitats. We do so by assessing responses of maximum speed, optimum temperature, and performance breadth, measured from −10°C to 35°C, to four treatment temperatures (0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°C). We show that the BAH and its alternatives often make similar empirical predictions. Weak beneficial acclimation is characteristic of one of the more marine species. In the other two upper‐shore and marine species, evidence exists for deleterious acclimation and the colder‐is‐better hypothesis. In the two fully terrestrial species, there is no plasticity. Lack of plasticity is beneficial when cue reliability is low or costs of plasticity are high, and the former seems plausible in terrestrial habitats. However, weak plasticity in the upper‐shore/marine species and the absence of plasticity in the terrestrial species might also be a consequence of phylogenetic constraint.
Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research

Interrupted time series design is the strongest, quasi‐experimental approach for evaluating longitudinal effects of interventions. Segmented regression analysis is a powerful statistical method for estimating intervention effects in interrupted time series studies. In this paper, we show how segmented regression analysis can be used to evaluate policy and educational interventions intended to improve the quality of medication use and/or contain costs.
A Theoretical Investigation of Graph Degree as an Unsupervised Normality Measure

For a graph representation of a dataset, a straightforward normality measure for a sample can be its graph degree. Considering a weighted graph, this corresponds to sum of rows in a similarity matrix. The measure is intuitive given the abnormal samples are usually rare and they are dissimilar to the rest of the data. In order to have an in-depth theoretical understanding, in this manuscript, we investigate the graph degree in spectral graph clustering based and kernel based point of views and draw connections to a recent kernel method for the two sample problem. We show that our analyses guide us to choose fully-connected graphs whose edge weights are calculated via universal kernels. We show that a simple graph degree based unsupervised anomaly detection method with the above properties, achieves leading accuracy compared to other unsupervised anomaly detection methods on average over 10 widely used datasets. We also provide an extensive analysis on the effect of the kernel parameter on the method's accuracy.