Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REVEALING A POPULATION OF HEAVILY OBSCURED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AT z ≈ 0.5–1 IN THE CHANDRA DEEP FIELD-SOUTH

Heavily obscured (NH ≳ 3 × 1023 cm−2) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) not detected even in the deepest X-ray surveys are often considered to be comparably numerous to the unobscured and moderately obscured AGNs. Such sources are required to fit the cosmic X-ray background (XRB) emission in the 10–30 keV band. We identify a numerically significant population of heavily obscured AGNs at z ≈ 0.5–1 in the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) and Extended Chandra Deep Field-South by selecting 242 X-ray undetected objects with infrared-based star-formation rates (SFRs) substantially higher (a factor of 3.2 or more) than their SFRs determined from the UV after correcting for dust extinction. An X-ray stacking analysis of 23 candidates in the central CDF-S region using the 4 Ms Chandra data reveals a hard X-ray signal with an effective power-law photon index of Γ = 0.6+0.3−0.4, indicating a significant contribution from obscured AGNs. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we conclude that 74% ± 25% of the selected galaxies host obscured AGNs, within which ≈95% are heavily obscured and ≈80% are Compton-thick (CT; NH > 1.5 × 1024 cm−2). The heavily obscured objects in our sample are of moderate intrinsic X-ray luminosity (≈(0.9–4) × 1042 erg s−1 in the 2–10 keV band). The space density of the CT AGNs is (1.6 ± 0.5) × 10−4 Mpc−3. The z ≈ 0.5–1 CT objects studied here are expected to contribute ≈1% of the total XRB flux in the 10–30 keV band, and they account for ≈5%–15% of the emission in this energy band expected from all CT AGNs according to population-synthesis models. In the 6–8 keV band, the stacked signal of the 23 heavily obscured candidates accounts for <5% of the unresolved XRB flux, while the unresolved ≈25% of the XRB in this band can probably be explained by a stacking analysis of the X-ray undetected optical galaxies in the CDF-S (a 2.5σ stacked signal). We discuss prospects to identify such heavily obscured objects using future hard X-ray observatories.
Recognition of Cherenkov patterns in high multiplicity environments

An algorithm for the recognition of Cherenkov patterns based on the Hough Transform Method is presented. It basically consists in a mapping of the pad coordinate space directly to the Cherenkov angle parameter space with a crucial increase of performance in the treatment of different pattern shapes and amount of background. The method has been developed in the framework of the ALICE experiment at CERN, for the analysis of data taken with the High Momentum Particle Identification Detector RICH prototype in the test beam. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Local Calcium Channel Blocker (Nimodipine) and Improvement of Functional Recovery of the Transected Sciatic Nerve after Bridging with Inside-Out Artery

The objective was to assess the effect of locally administered nimodipine on transected peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Sixty male healthy white Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 15), randomly: In transected group (TC), left sciatic nerve was transected and stumps were fixed in the adjacent muscle. In treatment group defect was bridged using an inside-out artery graft (IOAG/Nimodipine) filled with 10 µL nimodipine (100 ng/mL). In artery graft group (IOAG), the graft was filled with phosphate-buffered saline alone. In shamoperated group (SHAM), sciatic nerve was exposed and manipulated. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of five animals each and regenerated nerve fibers were studied 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. Behavioral testing, biomechanical studies, sciatic nerve functional study, gastrocnemius muscle mass and morphometric indices confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in IOAG/Nimodipine than IOAG group (p < 0.05). In immunohistochemistry, location of reactions to S-100 in IOAG/Nimodipine was clearly more positive than that in IOAG group. When loaded in an artery graft nimodipine accelerated and improved functional recovery and morphometric indices of sciatic nerve. This may have clinical implications for the surgical management of patients after facial nerve transection.
Conductance distribution in three dimensions: Analytic solution of the generalized Dorokhov-Mello-Pereyra-Kumar equation in the strongly disordered regime

We develop a systematic perturbative method to obtain analytic solution of the generalized Dorokhov-MelloPereyra-Kumar equation in the strongly disordered regime which describes the evolution of the joint probability distribution of the transmission eigenvalues with system size. The solution allows us to obtain the distribution of conductance analytically in the insulating regime. Our results are consistent with existing numerical simulations of the three dimensional tight-binding Anderson model, and suggests a possible description of the Anderson transition in the presence of a very broad, highly asymmetric conductance distribution.
Variable hyperemia of biological tissue as a noise source in the input optical signal of a medical laser Doppler flowmeter

As applied to the problems of medical laser Doppler flowmetry and based on a modified Kubelka–Munk two-flow model, analytic expressions have been obtained for the radiation power backscattered by biological tissue, taking into account the variable hyperemia of its microvasculature. An estimate is made of the power contribution of the Doppler component of the flow to the overall backscattered-radiation signal recorded by the device, which appears when light is scattered at moving erythrocytes. It is shown that the power contribution of the Doppler component to the overall backscattered radiation flux is no greater than 5% on average. The variable hyperemia that results from various physiological processes causes the radiation flux recorded by the Doppler flowmeter to be amplitude modulated. The power of the amplitude-modulated component can be of the same order of magnitude as, and in certain cases even greater than, the power of the useful Doppler signal, creating noise in the input signal of the device.
MEGALOSAURIPUS AND THE PROBLEMATIC CONCEPT OF MEGALOSAUR FOOTPRINTS

The concept of "megalosaur tracks" and the ichnogenus "Mega/osauripus" (LESSERTISSEUR, 1955), spelled with an "i", is reviewed and is shown to have originated in connection with large theropod tracks from the Late Jurassic of Portugal, which were then thought to have been made by Mega/osaurus BUCKLAND, 1824, or a close relative. By contrast, the ichnogenus Mega/osauropus, spelled with an "0", (COLBERT & MERRILEES, 1967), is based on material from the Cretaceous of Australia, and can be shown to have historical priority over Late Jurassic "Mega/osauropus" ichnites described independently from Germany (KAEVER & LApPARENT, 1974) and Uzbekistan (GABUNIA & KURBATOV, 1982). However, because the name Mega/osauripus (with an "i"), is a nomen nudum, it is available for use (LOCKLEY, MEYER & SANTOS, 1996). We argue thatthe use ofthis ichnogenus name is appropriate for the purposes of maintaining historical stability, and because it also appears probable that the tracks were made by megalosaurid dinosaurs. We herein formally transfer the German and Uzbek specimens to Mega/osauripus barkhausensis comb. nov. and Mega/osauripus usbekistanicus comb. nov. respectively. We also suggest that the large German and Central Asian ichnospecies are similar or identical to certain tracks found in Upper Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian deposits in Portugal, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma (herein also assigned to Mega/osauripus ichnosp.), and possibly in Spain where the name Hispanosauripus haubo/di has been applied to similar tracks. Other tracks from Portugal that have been named Eutynichnium /usitanicum (NOPSCA, 1923)a name which we retain. Current evidence suggests a widely distributed but stratigraphically restricted "Mega/osauripus" vertebrate track assemblage. Such widespread distribution may be related to aggradation during a period of high sea level. Evidence that Mega/osauripus track assemblages represent discrete ichnostratigraphic entities is supported by the cooccurrence, at many localities of another distinctive ichnogenus, Therangospodus (LOCKLEY, MEYER & MORATALLA, 1998). The use of Mega/osauropus (or ? Eubrontes) for Albian tracks from Texas and Croatia is also considered invalid, on morphological, and other grounds. We suggestthatthese also require an alternate ichnotaxonomic label, but propose that the trivial name g/enrosenis be preserved, because the original material, although assigned to an inappropriate ichnogenus, was adequately described in relation to a holotype. Caution should be exercised in the use of well-known, catch-all, Lower Jurassic ichnogenera such Grallatorand Eubrontes, especially when applied to large, stratigraphically discrete assemblages from other epochs and periods.
Genomic analysis and gene structure of the two invertase families in the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

Plant invertase ( �-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26) comprises a family of enzymes which plays an important role in the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose. Although the specific functions of different invertase families are not clear, they regulate the entry of sucrose into different metabolic pathways in higher plants. Plants contain two unrelated invertase families with different biochemical properties and subcellular localizations. In this study, we identify gene families including vacuolar invertases (designated MdoVIN13), cell-wall bound invertases ( MdoCIN1-3) and neutral/alkaline invertases ( MdoNIN1-12 ) from the domestic apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) genome. Based on phylogeny, most neutral/alkaline invertases could be divided into two subgroups, whereas MdoNIN12 was found to be a pseudogene. In addition, specific motifs were discovered in neutral/alkaline invertases, which
The Impact of Remittances on Labor Supply: The Case of Jamaica

A puzzle in the recently stagnated economy of Jamaica is that high rates of unemployment have persisted even when real wages have been increasing. This paper examines aspects of the labor supply in an effort to understand why high rates of unemployment have existed with increasing real wages. This is a sign of a badly functioning labor market. The cross-sectional analysis suggests that remittances have some impact on labor supply, especially on labor market participation. The pseudo panel data analysis also confirms that remittances have a strong impact on labor participation but not on weekly working hours. Households with remittance income have a higher reservation wage and have reduced the supply of labor by moving out of the labor force.
Admire vs. Safire: Objective comparison of CT reconstruction algorithms and their noise properties

Purpose: Siemens has developed several iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms on their CT scanners. SAFIRE is available on most of their CT scanners. The latest algorithm, ADMIRE, is available on their newest high-end CT scanners. The aim of our study was to compare the noise reduction properties of the two IR algorithms using objective methods. Methods and Materials: The homogeneous module of the Catphan phantom was scanned on a Siemens AS+ and a Siemens Flash CT scanner using an axial abdomen protocol with fixed tube current at two dose levels. The images were reconstructed with an abdomen filter (B30) using filtered back projection (FBP) and a low, medium, and high level of SAFIRE or ADMIRE. Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) curves were calculated using these images. Then, an anthropomorphic abdomen phantom (Kyoto Kagaku PH-5) was scanned using the same setup and exposure parameters. Fifty axial images at the same slice location were used to calculate inter-image standard deviation maps. Results: At full dose, the median values of the NPS curves were similar for both scanners at all IR levels. At low dose the median values of the NPS curves were generally shifted towards lower spatial frequencies, usually resulting in a more blotchy image texture. This shift was more prominent for ADMIRE compared to SAFIRE for all IR levels. Based on the inter-image standard deviation maps of the anthropomorphic phantom, ADMIRE removed noise near edges more efficiently than SAFIRE. Conclusion: No significant improvement in maintaining noise structure were found for the ADMIRE algorithm. Based on the inter-image standard deviation maps, ADMIRE removed noise near edges more efficiently than SAFIRE.
Expression of Motrix Metalloproteinases ond Inhibitor by Humon Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Extracellular matrix turnover is initiated, at least in part, by the regulated secretion of members of a family of matrix metalloproteinases. The authors show that interstitial collagenase, stromelysin, two gelatinases (the 72-kD and 92-kD type IV collagenases), and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) are secreted into the culture medium of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). These enzymes and their inhibitor were identified by probing immunoblots of western transfers with specific polyclonal antibodies that were made against these proteins or against peptides containing unique sequences from these proteins. Stromelysin and the gelatinases are also active against substrates that are polymerized into polyacrylamide gels before electrophoresis and require metal ions (probably zinc and/or calcium) for activity. The phorbol mitogen, 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, differentially increases the levels of these metalloproteinases and TIMP found in retinal pigment epithelium culture medium with stromelysin and the 92-kD type IV collagenase responding most strongly and TIMP actually decreasing in certain cases. Additional changes in metalloproteinase profiles are observed after approximately 20 passage of several RPE lines in culture. Modulation of extracellular matrix turnover by changing RPE secretion of these matrix metalloproteinases and their TIMP, may play a central role in the normal function and in the pathology of the retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:2520-2528,1990
The Impact of Corporate Governance Structure on the Efficiency Performance of Internet Companies in China

s: With the rapid development of the Internet industry, the governance of Internet companies has attracted attention gradually. Based on the Internet companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen, the paper studies the influence of the multiple linear regression model on the financial performance of the company. The study found that the size of the board was negatively correlated with the performance of the company. The ownership concentration degree, the proportion of senior executives and the proportion of r&d investment are positively correlated with the performance of the company; The proportion of executive compensation and technical staff is not passed by significance test. Through the empirical research, we can provide effective opinions on the governance of Internet companies in China.
1 Contribution of Dietary PUFAs and Micronutrients 2 in the protection against Food Allergy Development 3 4

Specific nutrients including n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), 18 flavonoids, vitamin A, D and E are considered to possess protective properties on human health by 19 impacting on immunological reactions. An ‘inflammation-suppressive’ effect appears to be the 20 common denominator of the beneficial effects of most of these dietary components which may 21 protect against the development of chronic immune disorders such as allergy. However, the 22 majority of these promising data are from preclinical studies such as animal disease models, as the 23 majority of clinical studies only indicate associations. PUFAs, especially n-3 LCPUFAs, have been 24 shown to interact with both the sensitization as well as the effector phase in food allergy. However, 25 it should be noted and realised that PUFAs are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation. Flavonoids and 26 fat-soluble vitamins both contain anti-inflammatory properties and are able to act as anti-oxidants 27 as well. Here, we explore the anti-allergic properties of PUFAs, flavonoids and fat-soluble vitamins 28 in order to create an overview and, more importantly, suggest a strategy to target food allergies 29 using these components and combinations thereof. Dietary n-3 LCPUFAs and the above mentioned 30 micronutrients are promising anti-allergy agents capable of influencing the allergic immune 31 response through multiple and different biological pathways. 32
3D radar imaging using interferometric ISAR

Three-dimensional radar imaging is becoming increasingly important in modern warfare systems, leading to an increased need for deeper understanding of the 3D scattering behavior of targets as simple as a cylinder, to as complex as a main battle tank or air defense unit. Fully polarimetric, three dimensional radar signature data have been collected using 1/16th scale models of tactical targets in several indoor compact radar ranges, corresponding to data from S-band to W-band. ISAR image pairs, collected at slightly different elevations, were interferometrically processed into 3D imagery. The data collection, analysis, and 3D visualization methods are presented. Additionally, the results of mathematical 3D correlation are described. A detailed analysis of both measured and predicted 3D radar data on the UMass Lowell nominal rocket simulator target will be presented.
The Cultural Dimensions of the Vietnamese Private Entrepreneurship

In this essay, we explore cultural impacts on the private entrepreneurship in the post-Doi Moi Vietnam. Some important aspects of the traditional cultural values of the Vietnamese society are explored in conjunction with the socio-economic changes over the past two decades. Traditional cultural values continue to have strong impacts on the Vietnamese society, and to a large extent to adversely affect the entrepreneurial spirit of the community. Typical constraints private entrepreneurs face may have roots in the cultural facet as legacy of the Confucian society, such as relationship-based bank credit. Low quality business education is both victim and culprit of the long-standing tradition that looks down on the role of private entrepreneurship in the country.
DDT in Eggs A Global Review

2 Introduction 3 Materials and Methods 6 Sampling 6 Analyse 6 Results and Discussion 10 Background levels of DDTs in eggs 10 Limits for DDTs in eggs 11 Levels of DDTs in eggs from 17 countries 11 Limitations of the study 15 Conclusions 17 Recommendations 19 Annex 1: Detailed description of sampling sites 20 Abbreviations 29 Reference 30 DDT in Eggs – Keep the Promise, Eliminate POPs Campaign
Analysis on Carbon Emission Situation of Chinese Export Industry Based on Input-Output Model

Low carbon economy development undoubtedly becomes the main trend of social development in future under the background of the global climate change and the increasing international pressure to reduce emissions. However, the international trade, as part of the global economy, will be carried out in accordance with the rules of low carbon economy. Therefore, it has important significance to study the relation between the carbon emission and export trade and deeply excavate carbon reduction potential of Chinese industry production for finding way to reduce carbon emission in China and striving for the carbon emission reduction space from the international. This paper constructed the input-output model to calculate the CO2 emission density of Chinese export industry according to the input-output theory, and then basically analyzed the situation of carbon emission of export industry.
Overreaction and Underreaction on the Bucharest Stock Exchange

Efficient Market Hypothesis states that financial markets react instantaneous and unbiased to new information. However, in the last decades empirical researches revealed some anomalies in investors reactions to the events that caused shocks on the financial markets. There are two main hypotheses to describe such behaviors. The first one - Overreaction Hypothesis stipulates that investors overreact on the day when a shock occurs and they correct on the next days by opposite actions. The second one - Underreaction Hypothesis considers that investors underreact on the day of a shock and they apply corrections on the next days by opposite actions. These behaviors are influenced by the nature of events that cause shocks and by some characteristics of the financial markets. In this paper we explore the short-term reactions that followed positive and negative shocks from the Romanian capital market, using daily values of the main indexes from the Bucharest Stock Exchange for a period of time between January 2005 and March 2011. Depending on the horizons taken into consideration and on the nature of the shocks we find evidences for the Efficient Market Hypothesis, Overreaction Hypothesis and the Underreaction Hypothesis. We also find that actual global crisis caused significant changes in the investors’ reactions to the shocks.
Inequality of nations and endogenous fluctuations in a two country model

The aim of this paper is to investigate the spillover effects through an endogenous world interest rate on the inequality of nations. The model of K. Matsuyama (Econometrica 72 (2004)) is explored under the alternative assumption that the world economy consists of two countries, instead of a continuum of small open economies. The two countries possibly differ in their levels of capital stock and in their population sizes. The spillover effects on capital stock through the world interest rate may cause a poor country and a rich country to diverge. Furthermore, unequal population sizes reinforce the unequal distribution of incomes between the two countries. Interaction of countries with unequal population sizes may also cause endogenous fluctuations.
A triggered lightning flash containing both negative and positive strokes

We present measured current, luminosity, and electric and magnetic fields for a rocket‐triggered two‐stroke flash. The first stroke lowered negative charge to ground and the second stroke lowered positive charge via the same channel. A triggered positive stroke is a very rare event. The measured negative return stroke peak current was −11 kA and the positive +5 kA, with the total charge transfers being −1 C and +24 C, respectively. Electric field measurements at 120 to 520 m indicate that the negative and positive dart leader charge densities were approximately constant with height, −7.2 × 10−5 C m−1 and +5.5 × 10−5 C m−1, respectively. Magnetic field measurements indicate a negative leader current of −1.9 kA and a positive leader current of +400 A. Negative and positive dart‐leader speeds are estimated to be 2.7 × 107 m s−1 and 0.7 × 107 m s−1, respectively. Negative and positive return stroke speeds are estimated to be 1.6 × 108 and 0.92 × 108 m s−1, respectively.
Capsule Graph Neural Network

The high-quality node embeddings learned from the Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been applied to a wide range of node-based applications and some of them have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. However, when applying node embeddings learned from GNNs to generate graph embeddings, the scalar node representations may not sufﬁce to preserve the node/graph properties