Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance to a mating disruptant composed of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai (Yasuda)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

At tea fields in Shimada in Shizuoka Prefecture, a mating disruptant composed of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (trade name: Hamaki-con) had been used for controlling Adoxophyes honmai (Yasuda) annually since 1983. In 1986, four years after use of the disruptant was initiated, the disruption percentage of pheromone trap catches was 96%, and a high control effect was observed. However, from 1996 to 1998, 14 to 16 years after treatment was started, the percentages became less than 50%. When the disruptant was applied in other tea fields where it had not been previously used, the disruption percentages were over 99%. These results strongly suggest the possibility that a selection pressure caused by continuous use of the disruptant should have caused the low disruption percentage in Shimada. We propose that the phenomenon be termed “resistance” to a mating disruptant composed of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in A. honmai. When the sex pheromone blend of A. honmai, 63 : 31 : 4 : 2 mixture of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and 10-methyldodecyl acetate (4-component blend), was applied as a disruptant for the “resistance” population, the disruption percentage was 99% and the larval density in the next generation decreased. These results suggest that the 4-component blend is useful as a control tool for the “resistance” population.
Algicidal properties of fermentation products from Bacillus cereus strain JZBC1 dissolving dominant dinoflagellate species Scrippsiella trochoidea, Prorocentrum micans, and Peridinium umbonatum

Intensive and semi-intensive aquaculture systems typically produce high loads of nutrients in their discharge, potentially leading to the development and persistence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Algicidal bacteria, which inhibit algal growth or kill algal cells, offer a promising biocontrol strategy for reducing HAB. The strain JZBC1, which displays strong algicidal activity against the HAB species Scrippsiella trochoidea, was previously isolated from a dinoflagellate bloom area and identified as Bacillus cereus. In this study, strain JZBC1 was fermented in 2 L and 50 L systems, and then, algicidal properties of JZBC1 fermentation products on the harmful dinoflagellate species S. trochoidea, Prorocentrum micans, and Peridinium umbonatum were examined. Bacterial concentrations of strain JZBC1 reached 6.23 × 109 and 4.47 × 109 CFU/mL in 2 L and 50 L cultures, respectively, and thus effectively expanded during fermentation. Strain JZBC1 showed substantial algicidal activities and a wide algicidal range toward harmful dinoflagellates. Vegetative JZBC1 cells exhibited the best inhibitory and algicidal effects in 1 day. Strain JZBC1 can be formulated into a powder, and the spores can be activated before field application to increase their efficacy. These findings will facilitate large-scale fermentation production and application of Bacillus strain JZBC1 for controlling dinoflagellate blooms in aquaculture ponds.
Factors affecting somatic cell count and total microorganisms count in cow's milk

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of environmental factors on somatic cell count (SCC) and total microorganisms count (TMC) in cow bulk tank milk. The investigations were carried out in 2003 in 200 farms, situated in the Wielkopolska region. In the period from May to September, higher levels of SCC and TMC in milk were observed than in the other months. The average number of cows in the herd was positively correlated (i.e. disadvantageously) with the level of SCC. The following management and technological factors decreased both the level of SCC and TMC: keeping cows without pigs in the same farm, pre-milking udder and teat cleaning with a dry towel, use of antibiotics at cow dry-off, individual registration of the cases of clinical mastitis, antibiotic treatment of all cows with the clinical manifestation of mastitis, and pre-treatment performing of antibiogrammes in mastitic cows. Furthermore, a decreased level of SCC was associated with the following factors: use of cow-runs in the summer season, use of California Mastitis Test, and use of concentrates in the amount greater than 4 kg per cow/day. A decreased level of TMC was observed in the herds in which cow-runs were not used in the winter season, pipe-line system of milking was used, milking cluster was stored between milkings dry or it was dipped in the water containing a disinfectant, disinfection of all stalls for cows was performed at least once per year, and sugar beet leaves were not used in cow feeding.
Crustacean zooplankton in lakes and reservoirs of temperate and tropical regions: variation with trophic status

The influence of trophic status on the crustacean zooplankton community was investigated in lakes and res- ervoirs in temperate and subtropical-tropical regions. We tested if there is a consistent relationship between crustacean species richness, assemblages, and abundance and trophic indices such as total phosphorus and chlorophyll a. We also examined if these patterns differ between regions. Cumulative species richness and assemblages varied among regions. The greatest number of crustacean species was found in the temperate oligotrophic region with the largest number of lakes sampled. However, cumulative species richness was similar in temperate and subtropical-tropical regions when comparing subsets with a similar number of lakes and reservoirs. The relationships between species richness and lati- tude or trophic status were difficult to assess owing to imbalance among regions in number of lakes and reservoirs sampled and to biogeography and fish predation potential influences. Trophic status was associated with changes in abundance of all major crustacean zooplankton groups. Eutrophic ecosystems supported greater crustacean abundances at all latitudes. However, cladocerans and cyclopoids were more abundant in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs, whereas calanoids were more abundant in temperate oligotrophic lakes. Total phosphorus was found to be a better predictor of the biomass of major crustacean groups than chlorophyll a in all regions. Resume : L'influence du statut trophique sur la communaute de crustaces planctoniques a ete evaluee dans des lacs et reservoirs des regions temperee, subtropicale et tropicale. Nous avons analyse les relations existant entre la richesse en especes, les assemblages et l'abondance des crustaces et les indices trophiques comme le phosphore total et la chloro- phylle a. Nous avons teste si ces relations differaient entre les regions. La richesse cumulee en especes et les assembla- ges de crustaces variaient entre les regions. Le plus grand nombre d'especes a ete trouve dans les lacs oligotrophes de la region temperee, les plus nombreux. Toutefois, la richesse en especes dans chaque des regions etait semblable lorsque l'on comparait des sous-ensembles ayant le meme nombre de lacs ou de reservoirs. Les relations entre la ri- chesse en especes et la latitude ou le statut trophique etaient difficiles a evaluer a cause du desequilibre dans le
Cetacean societies : field studies of dolphins and whales

Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats. This book presents a comprehensive synthesis and review of these studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioural research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species. Written by cetacean scientists, this volume should be of benefit to students of cetology and researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology, as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins.
Fusarium spp. from corn, sorghum, and soybean fields in the central and eastern United States

(.) All species found in northern states also were found in southern states, although differences in tissue, debris, and soil populations were observed. All species were recovered from at least one Alfisol site, and all but F. avenaceum were recovered from at least one Ultisol site. (.) The distribution of Fusarium spp. observed in this study is consistent with the hypothesis that these fungi are widely distributed in host tissue under field conditions and that they respond to stress in the plant by taking advantage of preferential growth conditions to incite disease
Genomic signals for whole chromosomes

The paper presents some new results in the analysis of genomic information at the scale of whole chromosomes or whole genomes based on the conversion into genomic signals. Mainly, the phase analysis -- phase, cumulated phase and unwrapped phase, and the sequence path analysis are presented. The unwrapped phase displays an almost linear variation along whole chromosomes. The property holds for all the investigated genomes, being shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, while the magnitude and sign of the unwrapped phase slope is specific for each taxon and chromosome. Such a behavior proves a rule similar to Chargaff's rule, but reveals a statistical regularity of the succession of the nucleotides -- a second order statistics, not only of the distribution of nucleotides -- a first order statistics. The cumulated phase of the genomic signal of certain prokaryotes also shows interesting specific behavior. The comparison between the behavior of the cumulated phase and of the unwrapped phae across the putative origins and termini of the replichores suggests an interesting model for the structure of chromosomes.
Pheromone Communication in Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus): Implications for Population Management

The results of recent preference tests indicate that both male and female landlocked sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), after reaching a specific stage of sexual maturation, release pheromones which attract conspecifics of the opposite sex. In addition, sexually immature males, captured at the beginning of a spawning migration, exhibit a preference for water in which sea lamprey larvae have been held, suggesting that chemical signals, originating from populations of sea lamprey larvae in a river, may aid migrating adults in selecting a suitable spawning stream. The possible influence of a number of environmental and physiological factors on pheromone communication in sea lampreys is discussed. Synthetic pheromones have been utilized in insect pest management programs as lures for mass-trapping one or both sexes and for disrupting normal pheromone communication. Similar strategies may be applicable in an integrated program of sea lamprey population management.Key words: pheromones, reproduction, spawning m.
Visitors to Southeastern Hawkmoth Flowers

Abstract Despite global concern for the status of animal pollinators, studies on pollination systems in the southeastern United States are disproportionately low compared to the diversity of this region. For example, sphingophilous, or hawkmoth-attracting plants, occur in the southeastern US, but confirmation is lacking for the large, long-tongued hawkmoths predicted to visit these flowers by previous researchers. Hymenocallis coronaria (Shoals Spider Lily, or Cahaba Lily), H. occidentalis (Woodland Spider Lily), Oenothera biennis (Common Evening Primrose), and O. grandiflora (Large-flowered Evening Primrose) were studied to confirm this prediction. Manduca rustica (Rustic Sphinx) was confirmed as a frequent visitor to all four plant species studied. M. sexta (Carolina Sphinx) was confirmed for three of the four plants. To determine the range of animal visitors to these plants, three of the plant species were observed during day- and night-observation periods, and total visitation was compared between these times. For H. coronaria, flower-visitation rates did not differ between day and night periods. H. occidentalis and O. biennis were visited significantly more during night hours than during the day. Although hawkmoths are frequent visitors to H. occidentalis and O. biennis, and are probably their most efficient pollinators, Archilochus colubris (Ruby-throated Hummingbird) may also play a role in the pollination of H. coronaria.
Resonance and Cross-Polarization Effects in Conventional and Complementary Split Ring Resonator Periodic Screens

The behavior of periodic plane arrays of split ring resonators (SRRs) and of complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) when they are illuminated by a plane wave is analyzed. The effects of the angle of incidence and polarization are considered. A surface admittance approach is used for the analysis. Experimental results in free space are provided in order to check the theory. Good qualitative agreement is observed between theory and experiment, although some quantitative disagreements still remain and need explanation. Application of the studied devices as frequency selective surfaces and polarization converters can be envisaged as a consequence of the high variety of the reported resonant and cross-polarization effects
Statistical Analysis of an Arbitrarily Oriented Two-Wire Transmission Line Embedded in a Dissipative Layer

In this paper, the response of an arbitrarily oriented two-wire transmission line (TL) excited by an electromagnetic (EM) field is examined. The TL is located inside a dissipative medium, which constitutes an infinite half-space, and the incident EM field is assumed to be a plane wave that is obliquely incidental to the interface between the lossy material about the TL and the free space. The response of the TL is investigated in terms of the induced voltages and currents at the TL termination loads, which are given in closed-form expressions. Moreover, a simple and general statistical description of the excitation EM field is introduced, based on an analysis of a typical fading propagation channel, in order to examine the statistical behavior of the induced terminal voltages in manmade environments, where a large amount of data is required for a complete deterministic description. The statistical description of the induced voltages, presented in this work, is utilizable in two directions. First, the moments of the magnitude of the terminal voltages are easily computable using simple numerical integration techniques, and second, the statistical distributions of the induced voltages are readily derivable by numerical simulation. Finally, numerical computations concerning the expected values of the induced voltages, as well as the statistical distributions of the magnitude of the induced voltages, are presented and a few concluding remarks are outlined.
Characterization of lactic acid bacteria from raw milk samples of cow, goat, sheep, camel and buffalo with special elucidation to lactic acid production.

Aims: Selective enumeration, isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from different raw milk sources with special elucidation to lactic acid production. Study Design: Serial dilution for strain isolation from raw milk samples to be done followed by complete morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization aiming to study the microbial behavior to ferment different sugar and producing lactic acid as end product. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Biotechnology Laboratory, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd. Gwalior (M.P)-INDIA from Sep 2012 to April 2013. Methodology: Milk samples from cow, sheep, goat, camel and buffalo were collected from the surrounding area of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh, India, from local milk suppliers. 13 potent strains in terms of lactic acid production were selected for analysis. Gram Research Article British Microbiology Research Journal, 3(4): 743-752, 2013 744 Staining, Catalase activity, Sugar fermentation, growth at high (45oC) and low (10oC) temperatures along with growth in different NaCl concentrations was observed with all isolates. Significant molecular characterization was done to determine the homology between different isolates of lactic acid bacteria. Results and Conclusion: Five potent lactic acid bacteria strains Streptococcus thermophilus from goat milk, Lactococcus lactis from buffalo milk, Streptococcus gallolyticus from camel milk, Streptococcus thermophilus from cow milk, Lactobacillus delbrueckii from sheep milk were identified capable of producing lactic acid in generous amount. Also all isolated strains from goat milk were found efficient in terms of lactic acid production when compared to other raw milk sources.
NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) II. THE CORRELATION WITH YIELD

Summary Changes in nitrate reductase activity in response to nitrogen treatment were measured in vivo in the basipetal part of the youngest ligule emergent leaf of wheat plants during early development. The relationship between these measurements and grain yield is reported for some spring wheats grown in a growth room and some field-grown winter wheats. In both situations the c correlation of a linear regression of yield parameters and single measurements of nitrate reductase was found to be significant. Where split dressings of nitrogen were applied the seasonal mean nitrate reductase activity correlated well with yield.
lnterferon‐β gene therapy for cancer: Basic research to clinical application

Interferon‐β gene therapy for cancer is the first such protocol developed in Japan. Here we describe the development process of our interferon‐β gene therapy from basic research to clinical application. Interestingly, the biological and biochemical characteristics of interferon‐β gene therapy through transfer of the interferon‐(gene into tumor cells by means of cationic liposomes differed from those of conventional interferon‐β protein therapy. Interferon‐β gene transfer could induce apoptosis in interferon‐β protein‐resistant tumor cells, such as glioma, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Induction of apoptosis was related to the level of intracellular mRNA of interferon‐β, prolongation of the phos‐phorylation time of molecules in the interferon‐p signal transduc‐tion pathway, such as JAK1, Trk2, and STAT1, and activation of DNase γ. In our preclinical study we developed lyophilized cat‐ionic liposomes containing interferon‐β gene (gene drug) for clinical use and confirmed their safety. Thereafter, we performed a pilot clinical trial in patients with malignant glioma and confirmed the safety and effectiveness of this interferon‐β gene therapy. In this review we also comment on the status of gene therapy regulation in Japan. Interferon‐β gene therapy is expected to become widely available for clinical use in cancer patients, and this new strategy might be extended to molecular targeting therapy, or used in combination with cell therapy or other therapies.
GUAR GUM EFFECTS ON BLOOD SERUM LIPIDS AND GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS OF WISTAR DIABETIC RATS1

Os efeitos da goma guar derivada do endosperma de Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (75% fibra soluvel, 7,6% fibra insoluvel, 2,16% proteina bruta, 0,78% lipidios totais, 0,54% cinza e 9,55% umidade) foram estudados em relacao a ingestao de alimento, ganho de peso corporal, concentracoes sericas de colesterol, triacilglicerois, glicose, HDL e LDL-colesterol. O efeito da goma sobre indices de absorcao e utilizacao de proteina tambem foi investigado. Dietas contendo 0%, 10% e 20% de goma guar foram utilizadas na alimentacao de ratos diabeticos por 28 dias. Apesar do diabetes ter elevado os lipidios sanguineos em todos animais, as dietas com goma guar decresceram significantemente (p <0,05) as concentracoes sericas de colesterol e triacilglicerois. Alem disso, foi encontrado um aumento no nivel de HDL-colesterol, com uma elevacao substancial na relacao de HDL/LDL colesterol. O resultado mais significativo deste ensaio, foi a drastica reducao da glicose sanguinea nos ratos diabeticos tratados com dietas contendo goma guar. A goma promoveu uma melhora geral nas condicoes dos animais diabeticos, no ganho de peso corporal e nos indices de absorcao e utilizacao proteica. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem que a goma guar, em concentracoes igual ou superiores a 10%, podem ser eficazes no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia e diabetes em humanos.
Titration of transport and modifier sites in the red cell anion transport system

This work demonstrates the existence of titratable transport and modifier sites in the anion transport system of human red cells. Effects of alkaline extracellular pH on chloride exchange were studied up to pH 13 at 0 degrees C. The studies revealed two sets of reversible titratable groups. One set, having a pK of or approximately 11, appeared to be identical with the inhibitory halide-binding modifier site. Deprotonation of this site stimulated anion transport. The apparent dissociation constants of chloride and iodide at this modifier site were 0.3 and 0.06 M, respectively, and it was confirmed that the organic sulfonate NAP-taurine inhibits anion transport reversibly by a high-affinity interaction with halide-binding modifier sites at the extracellular side of the membrane. Other groups, with apparent pK of or approximately 12 at chloride concentrations above 0.1 M, were named as "transport sites" because transport function depended totally on their protonation. The apparent pK decreased when extracellular halide concentrations was lowered below 0.1 M. It was dependent of the intracellular chloride concentration, and was equally sensitive to extracellular pH of 13, was fully reversible. Hydroxyl ions were not transported to an appreciable extent by the anion exchange system. The pK values of both sets of groups make it likely that they are both arginyl residues, functioning as anion recognition sites similar to the role of functionally essential arginyl residues observed with numerous enzymes.
Effect of postural position and position changes on energy expenditure in fasting dairy cattle.

Abstract Four Holstein steers approximately 2 years of age were used to measure the fasting expenditure of cattle while standing, lying, and during position change (standing up or lying down). Thirty-two 10-hour periods of fasting heat production were studied during which energy expended in postural changes was measured. An open-circuit mask technique was used to collect air expired by the animal. The small volume of the mask made possible immediate detection of changes in gas concentrations due to postural changes. The O 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 concentrations in expired air were monitored continuously during the periods by electronic gas analyzers, and recorded by a multi-channel recorder, along with rate of air flow through the mask and body position. These data then were separated so that the energy expended while standing, lying, and during position change could be calculated. Results of this experiment did not support the factors presently being used to correct for activity during heat production measurements. A new method of correcting for activity was proposed; activity is corrected to a defined standard day. For each double change in body position different from the number prescribed in a standard day a factor±. 195 kcal/kg W . 75 is added to the total heat production. The mean correction factor for excessive time spent standing or lying was 13.5% of the mean hourly heat production but varied with the length of time to be corrected.