Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short rDNA Barcodes for Species Identification in Foraminifera

ABSTRACT. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences have been shown to be very useful for identification of microbial eukaryotes. Usually, complete or long partial sequences of the rDNA genes are analysed. However, the development of new massive sequencing technologies producing a large amount of relatively short sequences raises the question about the minimum length of rDNA fragments necessary for species distinction in environmental sampling. To answer this question, we compared six variable regions of the small subunit (SSU) rDNA of foraminifera, known to have rapidly evolving ribosomal genes. For each region, we analysed (1) the sequence divergence between and within foraminiferal morphospecies, (2) the intraspecific polymorphism, and (3) the ability of each region to recognize the phylotypes inferred from analysis of a longer fragment. Our results show that although the variable regions differ considerably between taxonomic groups, most of them perform very well as species identifiers. Taking into account different analyses, the expansion segment of Helix 37 appears to be the best candidate for barcoding foraminifera. We propose that this relatively short region, averaging 50–60 nt in length, could be an ideal barcode for identification of foraminifera in environmental samples using massive sequencing approach.
Enhanced susceptibility to seizures modulated by high interleukin‐1β levels during early life malnutrition

Early malnutrition in life has permanent consequences on brain development and has been suggested to influence seizure susceptibility. Despite malnutrition is not a direct cause of seizures, we hypothesize that malnutrition may modulate inflammatory response and result in cerebral vulnerability to seizures. In this study, we provide evidence that malnutrition may increase susceptibility to seizures in the postnatal period by interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in the hippocampus. Malnourished rats were maintained on a nutritional deprivation regimen from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P10. From P7 to P10, the threshold to seizures induced by flurothyl was used as an index of seizure susceptibility. ELISA and western blot was performed to evaluate levels of IL‐1β, IL‐1R1, PSD‐95 and synapsin. The role of inflammation in the changes of seizure threshold was studied with inhibitors of IL‐1β and IL‐1R1. A significant decrease in body weight and seizure threshold was observed in postnatal malnourished rats. Early malnutrition modulates inflammation by high levels of IL‐1β in hippocampus and in serum. Furthermore, our malnutrition paradigm induced an increase in corticosterone levels. Injection of IL‐1β and IL‐1R1 inhibitors before seizure induction augments seizure threshold in malnourished rats similar to nourished group. Malnutrition did not change PSD‐95 and synapsin expression in the hippocampus. We suggest that malnutrition‐induced inflammation might contribute to seizure susceptibility in the postnatal period. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1150–1159, 2016
Reference serving sizes for the Brazilian population: An analysis of processed food labels

OBJETIVO:Comparar as porcoes declaradas nos rotulos de alimentos industrializados com as porcoes de referencia da legislacao de rotulagem nutricional e do "Guia Alimentar para a Populacao Brasileira". METODOS:Estudo transversal que analisou os rotulos de 2072 alimentos industrializados em um supermercado de Florianopolis, Santa Catarina. Os alimentos foram classificados de acordo com a legislacao brasileira de rotulagem nutricional. Foram calculados valores de tendencia central e de variabilidade para porcao e valor energetico declarados nos rotulos, alem da razao entre o valor energetico declarado e de referencia. Teste de Correlacao de Spearman foi realizado entre porcao e densidade energetica de referencia e entre porcao de referencia e densidade energetica de cada alimento analisado.RESULTADOS:A rotulagem nutricional e o Guia Alimentar apresentaram porcoes de referencia com tamanhos e valores energeticos diferentes. As porcoes declaradas nos rotulos nao seguiram nenhuma das referencias e apresentaram valores heterogeneos, com amplitude maxima de 55-420 g entre pratos preparados prontos e semiprontos. Os valores energeticos declarados foram de 0,1 vez menor a 2,4 vezes maiores do que os valores de referencia. As porcoes de referencia da rotulagem apresentaram correlacao inversa alta com a densidade energetica de referencia (Coeficiente de Spearman=-0,9), e muito baixa com a densidade energetica dos alimentos analisados (Coeficiente de Spearman=-0,2). CONCLUSAO:Evidenciou-se a necessidade de padronizacao das informacoes sobre porcao de referencia para a populacao brasileira, assim como de fiscalizacao e revisao da legislacao de rotulagem nutricional a fim de uniformizar as porcoes declaradas nos rotulos e atualizar a densidade energetica de referencia usada para o calculo das porcoes.
The Functional Foot Orthosis

Part 1 Clinical measurements: how this decision is made translation of clinical measurements into posting angles. Part 2 Choice of material: shell of the orthosis "post" of the orthosis how the choice of material is made. Part 3 Negative cast creation and assessment: plaster of Paris bandage the cast techniques used to obtain a "negative" slipper cast of the foot with the sub-talar joint in its neutral position assessment of the negative cast. Part 4 Creation of a "positive" casted model of a foot: plaster of Paris obtaining the positive cast from a negative cast. Part 5 Production and modification of a positive cast: plaster addition. Part 6 Materials used: thermoplastics covering materials general principles of working with thermoplastics. Part 7 Manufacture of rigid and semi-flexible orthoses: shell of the orthosis contact adhesive posting covering the orthosis. Part 8 Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) orthoses: the all-in-one orthosis. Part 9 Adaptations of the EVA orthoses. Part 10 Intrinsic posting: points to consider when deciding whether to use intrinsic posts intrinsic posting technique. Part 11 Unusual shapes for shells of orthoses: abduction of the foot distal to the mid-tarsal joint abduction of the foot distal to the mid-tarsal joint severe pes cavus, severe arthritic disease of the ankle and sub-talar joints, and all conditions which have resulted in a gravitational foot drop in-toeing and out-toeing gait patterns. Part 12 The issuing and "wearing-in" of orthoses: rigid and semi-flexible orthoses accommodative orthoses the wearing of orthoses for sport. Part 13 Common problems.
To the end of the line: Axonal mRNA transport and local translation in health and neurodegenerative disease

Axons and growth cones, by their very nature far removed from the cell body, encounter unique environments and require distinct populations of proteins. It seems only natural, then, that they have developed mechanisms to locally synthesize a host of proteins required to perform their specialized functions. Acceptance of this ability has taken decades; however, there is now consensus that axons do indeed have the capacity for local translation, and that this capacity is even retained into adulthood. Accumulating evidence supports the role of locally synthesized proteins in the proper development, maintenance, and function of neurons, and newly emerging studies also suggest that disruption in this process has implications in a number of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we briefly review the long history of axonal mRNA localization and local translation, and the role that these locally synthesized proteins play in normal neuronal function. Additionally, we highlight the emerging evidence that dysregulation in these processes contributes to a wide range of pathophysiology, including neuropsychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's, and motor neuron diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop. Neurobiol 78: 209–220, 2018
The Role of Color in Human Face Detection

Significant advances have been made in understanding human face recognition. However, a fundamental aspect of this process, how faces are located in our visual environment, is poorly understood and little studied. Here we examine the role of color in human face detection. We demonstrate that detection performance declines when color information is removed from faces, regardless of whether the surrounding scene context is rendered in color. Furthermore, faces rendered in unnatural colors are hard to detect, suggesting a role beyond simple segmentation. When faces are presented such that half the surface is colored appropriately, and half unnaturally, performance declines. This suggests that observers are not simply using the presence of skin color "patches" to detect faces. Rather, our data suggest that detection operates via a face template combining diagnostic color and face-shape information. These findings are consistent with color-template approaches used in some computer-based face detection systems.
Morphological tuning, self-assembly and optical properties of indium oxide nanocrystals.

In this paper, weak acids, weak bases or their mixtures were used as reaction media/coordinating ligands to achieve systematic morphological control over amphoteric indium oxide nanostructures. Different indium/oleic acid molar ratios from 1 : 0, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 6 and 1 : 15 in non-coordinating, weakly coordinating, strongly coordinating and their mixed media were adopted to prepare irregular aggregated nanoparticles and uniform regular/truncated octahedra, etc. In addition to their strong size-dependent absorption, single-crystalline indium oxide octahedra also gave a strong band-edge emission while irregular indium oxide aggregated nanoparticles only exhibited a weak deep-trap emission. Meanwhile, the truncated octahedra were self-assembled into either zigzag lines or pentagram patterns, and the regular octahedra and truncated cubes were self-assembled into hexagonally packed nanocrystal arrays. In addition, the formation mechanism of the various nanostructures under different conditions was investigated in detail.
Mercury contamination of fungi genus Xerocomus in the Yunnan province in China and the region of Europe

This article presents the results of the study on accumulation, distribution, contamination and probable dietary intake of total mercury (THg) in fruiting bodies of several species of Fungi genus Xerocomus, which emerged in the circum-Pacific mercuriferous belt region in southwestern China in Yunnan and beyond of the mercuriferous belts in the region of Europe. The mushrooms X. puniceus (Boletus amygdalinus), X. spadiceus (Boletus ferrugineus) and X. versicolor (X. rubellus) were from the Yunnan land, and X. badius (Boletus badius) was from the region of Europe in Belarus and X. badius, X. chrysenteron, X. ferrugineus, X. versicolor (X. rubellus) and X. subtomentosus from Poland. The THg in the fungal and soil materials was determined using validated method by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. Estimated was also probable dietary intake and health risk from THg in Xerocomus spp. examined by consumers. The data showed that THg content of Xerocomus spp. emerged in the European localizations in Poland and Belarus is at an order of magnitude lower level than determined in samples from the Yunnan Province. A reason for an elevated content of THg in mushrooms from Yunnan can be related to abundance of Hg in the geochemical background of soils there. The assessed doses showed that a single meal composed of 300 g of fresh fruiting bodies of X. spadiceus from the Wuding localization in Yunnan in China if consumed once a week will provide THg at dose close to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value set for THg, while doses will be lower for all other localizations in Yunnan and Europe. In the Wuding localization in Yunnan a frequent consumption of X. spadiceus in volume exceeding 300 g of fresh fruiting bodies per week will provide THg at a dose exceeding the value of PTWI.
Fibromyalgia: A ‘model’ chronic pain syndrome?

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a poorly understood condition that results in longstanding pain, psychological distress and disability. FMS is a ‘chronic pain syndrome'. Therefore, its assessment and treatment should be approached from a multidimensional perspective. The aims of this paper are to expand upon some of the problems that therapists encounter when they treat patients with chronic pain and to argue that FMS is a good model through which the management of chronic pain can be better understood. The history, prevalence and the possible pathogenesis of FMS are addressed first, together with the difficulty of its diagnosis. Next, various management options are described, including medication, physical therapy, psychological interventions and patient education. Finally, challenges to the management of FMS and other chronic pain syndromes are briefly examined.
Anterior Cervical Plating

Summary Anterior cervical plates are widely accepted as a form of internal fixation for discectomy and corpectomy reconstructions in the setting of trauma, deformity, degenerative disc disease, and tumor surgery in the cervical spine. The techniques for anterior cervical surgery with application of internal fixation have become a standard part of the spine surgeon’s armamentarium, but the types of plates available and the rationale behind their designs are quite varied. In the past 20 years, the complication rates associated with anterior cervical surgery have decreased, as compared with historical controls, but a 100% fusion rate remains elusive. Recent developments in cervical plate technology include the introduction of variable angle locking screws that mate securely with a cervical plate, monocortical screws that decrease the neurologic risks associated with penetration of the far cortex in the cervical spine, and dynamic cervical plates that are designed to permit a greater degree of load sharing between the interbody graft and the plate. In light of these advances, we review the history of anterior cervical plating, the surgical techniques, the design characteristics of several plates in common use, and the clinical results of surgical procedures performed with and without internal fixation.
Hydrogen bonding and structure of uracil-water and thymine-water complexes.

The complexes uracil-water and thymine-water have been investigated using laser ablation molecular-beam Fourier transform microwave (LA-MBFTMW) spectroscopy. Only one conformer of each complex has been observed. The spectra of the parent and several isotopically enriched species with (15)N at uracil moiety and D or (18)O at water have been measured. For uracil-water the spectra are characterized by the hyperfine structure of two (14)N nuclei. For thymine-water only the parent and (18)O-water enriched species have been observed. Their spectra are characterized by the hyperfine structure of two (14)N nuclei with an additional doubling due to the A and E states of the torsion of the methyl group. The barrier to internal rotation of the methyl group has been determined from the analysis of the spectrum. Investigation of the structure of the adducts from the rotational constants of the different isotopologues shows that the observed conformers correspond to the most stable forms in which water closes a cycle with the nucleic acid bases forming N-H(NB). O(w) and H(W). O=C(2) hydrogen bonds.
Evaluation of hybrids algorithms for mass detection in digitalized mammograms

The breast cancer remains being a significant public health problem, the early detection of the lesions can increase the success possibilities of the medical treatments. The mammography is an image modality effective to early diagnosis of abnormalities, where the medical image is obtained of the mammary gland with X-rays of low radiation, this allows detect a tumor or circumscribed mass between two to three years before that it was clinically palpable, and is the only method that until now achieved reducing the mortality by breast cancer. In this paper three hybrids algorithms for circumscribed mass detection on digitalized mammograms are evaluated. In the first stage correspond to a review of the enhancement and segmentation techniques used in the processing of the mammographic images. After a shape filtering was applied to the resulting regions. By mean of a Bayesian filter the survivors regions were processed, where the characteristics vector for the classifier was constructed with few measurements. Later, the implemented algorithms were evaluated by ROC curves, where 40 images were taken for the test, 20 normal images and 20 images with circumscribed lesions. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages in the correct detection of a lesion of every algorithm are discussed.
Personality traits in women 4 days postpartum and their correlation with plasma levels of oxytocin and prolactin

The aim of the present investigation was to explore whether the personality characteristics of women who have recently given birth differ from those of a control group of similar aged women and if so, whether such deviations are related to the pregnancy- and lactation-associated hormones oxytocin and prolactin which in animal experiments have been shown to play a role in maternal behavior. Thereforethe Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) were used in 50 women 4 days postpartum and in addition 18 blood samples were drawn in connection with breastfeeding. Oxytocin and prolactin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The women investigated scored lower in Muscular Tension (p < 0.05), in Monotony Avoidance (p < 0.001) and Psychasthenia (p < 0.01) and higher in Social Desirability (p < 0.001) than a reference material. Plasma levels of oxytocin and prolactin rose as expected in response to breastfeeding. When the average prolactin and oxytocin levels obtained at the 18 different timepoints of each woman .
Simvastatin ameliorates deep vein thrombosis in rabbits by regulating the fibrinolytic system

The study aimed to observe the therapeutic effect of simvastatin in a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) animal model and conduct a preliminary study into its mechanism. A total of 72 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n = 18), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) group (n = 18), simvastatin group (n = 18), and simvastatin + LMWH group (n = 18). A posterior vena cava thrombus model was established and interventions were administered according to the group procedures. Blood plasma was sampled before and 3, 7, and 14 days after the intervention when the vena cava (including thrombus) specimen was collected. Specimens were weighed, histopathologically examined, and monitored for changes in venous wall inflammation. Concentrations of P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and the urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. P-selectin expression in the venous wall was measured with immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR detected the changes of local PAI-1/u-PA expression. Simvastatin and LMWH reduced the weight of the thrombus and promoted thrombus dissolution. Simvastatin significantly inhibited the systemic and local expression of P-selectin, whereas LMWH was inhibitory only at the late stage of the acute phase. Plasma active concentration and local gene expression of PAI-1 was inhibited by simvastatin, whereas for u-PA; it was promoted at the early stage of the acute phase, but inhibited in the late stage. Simvastatin inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators, reduced the DVT inflammatory response, alleviated inflammatory injury and reduced thrombus formation. Simvastatin may provide a beneficial adjuvant therapy for DVT.
Sociodemographic and health-related determinants of breast and cervical cancer screening behavior, 2005.

OBJECTIVES To identify sociodemographic and health-related determinants of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening behaviors and evaluate progress toward Healthy People 2010 cancer-related objectives. DESIGN The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2005 data served as the numerical predicate for identifying or validating sociodemographic and health-related quality of life predictors, or both, and for determining any relative progress. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Eleven U.S. states (n = 27,625 women). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Determinants of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and assessment of progress toward Healthy People 2010 objectives 3-11 and 3-13. RESULTS Nine significant predictors of annual Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening (reported as odds ratios) were identified through regression analysis: adequate health care coverage, nonsmoking, age between 40 and 64 years, age greater than or equal to 65 years, no activity limitations, Black, non-Hispanic race, income greater than or equal to $35K, current exercise performance, and no risk for high blood cholesterol. Also, Healthy People 2010 objective 3-11 was not met; however, objective 3-13 was exceeded by 2.0%. CONCLUSIONS The national health initiatives appear to benefit select American women (overall declining mortality rates from breast and cervical cancer); however, there seems to be a negative economy of scale with respect to age-as age increases, Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening declines and morbidity/mortality increases. Given this disparity, as of 2005, related Healthy People 2010 objectives remain unrealized.
A review of the evidence comparing the human papillomavirus vaccine versus condoms in the prevention of human papillomavirus infections.

OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence related to the efficacy of condom use versus the human papillomavirus vaccine in the prevention of human papillomavirus infections. DATA SOURCES Cochrane, CINHAL, PubMed, and Clinical Evidence. Various combinations of the keywords HPV, vaccine, and condoms were used for the search. STUDY SELECTION Randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trials were reviewed for evaluation of the human papillomavirus vaccine. Several longitudinal studies and a meta-analysis were used for review of condom efficacy related to human papillomavirus transmission. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Studies evaluating the use of either condoms or the human papillomavirus vaccine and its impact on human papillomavirus transmission rates, detected through either human papillomavirus DNA testing or clinical disease. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicates that the greatest degree of protection from specific types of human papillomavirus infection is provided by the vaccine. However, the use of condoms in addition to the human papillomavirus vaccine provides the greatest protection from the untoward effects of human papillomavirus infection and may also provide protection against human papillomavirus types not in the vaccine and other sexually transmitted infections.