Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERNALISATION THEORY AND THE INTERNATIONALISATION DECISION BY BRAZILIAN FIRMS TEORIA DA INTERNALIZAÇÃO E A DECISÃO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS TEORÍA DE LA INTERNALIZACIÓN Y LA DECISIÓN DE INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DE EMPRESAS BRASILEÑAS

This paper assesses the applicability of internalisation theory of multinational enterprises, based on Transaction Cost Economics (Williamson, 1985) and the approach employed by Buckley and Casson to explain internationalisation of Brazilian enterprises. The material is composed of two transaction lists: the top ten exported products in Brazil and the list of products produced by the top ten Brazilian TNCs. Three dimensions relating to transaction costs were defined: frequency of transaction, uncertainty, and asset specificity. The results indicate a slightly higher level of transaction cost for those transactions that are subject to FDI, compared with average export costs, supporting the predictions of the theory.
Three dimensional structure modeling of lanosterol 14-alphademethylase of Candida albicans and docking studies with new triazole derivatives

Objective: In this report, three dimensional structure of lanosterol 14-α demethylase (CYP51) protein of Candida albicans was modeled and used for docking studies with eighteen synthetic triazole derivatives. Methods: The model was generated by multiple threading alignment and iterative structure assembly simulation by I-TASSER and validated by Ramachandran plot using PROCHECK and MolProbity servers. The eighteen 1,2,3-triazole compounds were previously synthesized using two different synthetic routes by our research group in the search of new antifungal agents. The binding affinity and interaction of all triazole compounds with predicted model of CYP51 were determined by AutoDock Vina. Results: I-TASSER generated five models in which Model 1 was selected as best predicted structure on the basis of C-score 1.30, TM-score 0.89 ± 0.07, and RMSD 4.7 ± 3.1 A. It showed 89.2% residues in most favoured region and 7.1% residues in additional allowed regions. Docking results showed that all the derivatives have good binding energy in the range -9.8 to -7.4 kcal/mol. Moreover, compound NT- 03 (-9.8 kcal/mol) was found as best inhibitor as it binds nicely into the active site of the enzyme. Conclusion: The study suggests that I-TASSER is very easy and reliable tool for three dimensional structure predictions. The N-atom in quinoline ring of compound NT- 03 involved in the additional interaction with predicted model of CYP51. Finally, I-TASSER might be used as an important tool in drug designing process in search of more effective therapies.
Climate Variability and Residential Water Use in the City of Phoenix, Arizona

Abstract In this investigation, how annual water use in the city of Phoenix, Arizona, was influenced by climatic variables between 1980 and 2004 is examined. Simple correlation coefficients between water use and annual mean temperature, total annual precipitation, and annual mean Palmer hydrological drought index values are +0.55, −0.69, −0.52, respectively, over the study period (annual water use increases with higher temperature, lower precipitation, and drought). Multivariate analyses using monthly climatic data indicate that annual water use is controlled most by the overall state of drought, autumn temperatures, and summer-monsoon precipitation. Model coefficients indicate that temperature, precipitation, and/or drought conditions certainly impact water use, although the magnitude of the annual water-use response to changes in climate was relatively low for an urban environment in which a sizable majority of residential water use is for outdoor purposes. People’s perception of the landscape’s water n.
Is e-marketing a source of sustainable business performance? Predicting the role of top management support with various interaction factors

Abstract The evolution of the sustainable business performance in relation to the technology integration reveals a significant revolution but regrettably is given little global attention, thus compelling the firms to reexamine the approach for their business growth. Considerably, e-marketing has been recognized as an emerging practice and plays a vital strategic tool to bring sellers and buyers on a digital platform. Besides, this study analyzes the moderating effects of trading partners (TPs) and competitive pressure (CP) in the relationship between top management support (TMS) and use of e-marketing (UEM). Moreover, the interactive role of government support (GS) and technological opportunism (TOP) was also analyzed between the UEM and sustainable firm performance (SFP). The study also discussed the mediating role of e-marketing usage between TMS and SFP. The data (n = 293) were collected from the marketing managers employed in the textile firms of Pakistan. Additionally, the findings revealed that TMS had a significant direct relationship with the UEM and the SFP. Moreover, UEM mediated the relationship between TMS and SFP. Finally, TP’s pressure moderated the relationship between TMS and UEM, and TOP moderate the relationship between UEM and SFP, whereas CP and GS were unable to moderate the relationship particularly in current study context. However, this study has contributed empirically to several recognized relationships among the variables and extends the existing knowledge of literature. The study has contributed empirically to several recognized relationships among the variables and extends the existing knowledge of literature by leaving certain aspects of research for future studies.
Prediction model of influence of force on land and performance in fin swimming: A pilot study

e purpose of this research is the determination of a prediction model that could predict 50m and 100m n swimming results on surface. e sample of this research consisted of 9 n swimmers of competitive level. All participants swam 50 and 100 meters on the water surface with mono n and a snorkel with maximum intensity. In two next sessions, force of the leg extensors and ankle extensors were measured in the workout gym with a dynamometer. e results of this study concluded in a potential statistical signi cance of regression analysis for 50m n swimming with snorkel on the surface of the water. Relative force values of ankle and leg extensors are better predictors of 50m n swimming. No similar results were found for 100m n swimming. ese ndings probably suggest that in shorter distance of 50m n swimming, force variables of extensor muscles play a greater role in comparison to longer distance of 100m n swimming. e measurement of force of legs in n swimming is of particular interest because legs are mostly responsible for the propulsion in n swimming and should further be studied with other force protocols, di erent exercises and larger sample.
Alternative Approaches for Studying Shared and Distributed Leadership

Scholars hold different perspectives about leadership which are not limited to a formally appointed leader. Of the abundance of terms used to describe this phenomenon, shared and distributed are the most prevalent. These terms are often used interchangeably, resulting in confusion in the way that shared and distributed leadership is conceptualized and investigated. This paper provides a historical development of this field, challenges existing conceptions and reveals inconsistencies and contradictions that are seldom acknowledged. Four distinct approaches to the study of shared and distributed leadership are identified in the literature, each embracing different ontological views and leadership epistemologies. Individually, the four approaches offer valuable – yet partial – understanding. Comparing and contrasting the assumptions and insights from the four approaches raises fundamental issues about how we think about leadership in terms of research, practice and development.
The effect of particle size, morphology and C-rates on 3D structured Co3O4 inverse opal conversion mode anode materials

Engineering Co3O4 nanoparticles into highly ordered, 3D inverse opal (IO) structures is shown to significantly improve their performance as more efficient conversion mode Li-ion anode materials. By comparison with Co3O4 microparticles, the advantages of the porous anode architecture are clearly shown. The inverse opal material markedly enhances specific capacity and capacity retention. The impact of various C rates on the rate of the initial charge demonstrates that higher rate charging (10 C) was much less destructive to the inverse opal structure than charging at a slow rate (0.1 C). Slower C rates that affect the IO structure resulted in higher specific capacities (more Li2O) as well as improved capacity retention. The IO structures cycle as CoO, which improves Coulombic efficiency and limits volumetric changes, allowing rate changes more efficiently. This work demonstrates how 3D IOs improve conversion mode anode material performance in the absence of additive or binders, thus enhancing mass transport of Li2O charge–discharge product through the open structure. This effect mitigates clogging by structural changes at slow rates (high capacity) and is beneficial to the overall electrochemical performance.
Knowledge Integration In Self-Organizing Teams : A Practice-Oriented Perspective

Self-organizing teams following agile ways of working are a common occurrence in the software engineering field. Adopting such practices is considered essential for practicing agile development as a whole [1][2]. This research, conducted in close cooperation with a team of similar setup, is a proof of concept for a proposed architectural solution and a step towards the validation of the framework utilized in order to produce said solution. Moreover, the study aims at enhancing this framework by adding new elements in the process of designing and developing software, that apply not only to experienced software engineers but mainly to newcomers entering the field.
Optics performance at high-power levels

High laser power levels combined with increasing beam quality bring optics performance into focus. The subject of optics performance is a hot topic, but lack of a common nomenclature, as well as of proper measurements, makes the situation confusing. This paper will introduce a nomenclature for comparing the performance of different types of optics. Further, the paper will present a test setup for characterizing optics, along with test results for different optics materials and designs. The main influence of high power levels on optics is a focal shift along the optical axis. In industrial applications, this might influence the performance of the process, especially if the focal shift is in the range of the Rayleigh length. In the test setup that is to be presented, the optics are exposed to a high power beam, and a pilot beam is used for measuring the change in focal position. For a proper description of optics performance, the laser beam parameters should not influence the measured results. In the nomenclature that will be presented, the performance is related to the Rayleigh length for a fundamental mode beam. The performance of optics when used with multimode beams will be presented.
Adverse Health Effects of Khat: A Review

Introduction: Khat refers to the leaves and the young shoots of the plant Catha edulis Forsk, which belonging to the plant family Celastraceae. Khat is an evergreen shrub or tree found growing wild or cultivated in the east of a region extending from Southern Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. The habit of khat chewing has prevailed for centuries in this part of the world. Objective: To summarize the potential adverse health effects of khat (Catha edulis). Methodology: We used 57 different published materials for the compilation of this review article. Google search engine was used for accessing published materials from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed and HINARI. Result: Khat induces disturbance of mood, hallucination, delusions and aggressive behavior. It may also cause elevation of arterial blood pressure and pulse rate with subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk. In addition, khat may be associated with increased risk of carcinoma of the mouth and oesophagitis, anorexia and constipation. It may also have a toxic effect on the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: Many literatures reported that Khat has potential adverse health effects on organs and systems of the body. It affects nervous system, cardiovascular system, reproductive system, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys and others.
EVOLUÇÃO TEMPORAL DOS ANOS POTENCIAIS DE VIDA PERDIDOS DE ÓBITOS POR AGRESSÃO

Objetivo: analisar a evolução temporal dos óbitos por agressão e seu impacto no potencial de vida perdido no estado de Minas Gerais. Método: Trata-se de estudo observacional, ecológico e série temporal por coeficiente de mortalidade, anos potenciais de vida perdidos, variação percentual bruta e tendência temporal. Foram incluídos os registros de óbitos por Agressão (CID-10: X85-Y09) entre 1996 a 2014, disponíveis em sistema de informação. Resultados: A média de mortalidade (30,7; IC95% 25,4 - 35,9) por arma de fogo foi maior entre homens, com idade do óbito de 30,5 anos, potencial de vida perdido para 100.000 habitantes com variação percentual positiva 288,7%. Regressão linear foi significativa (p<0,001), com coeficiente de determinação >70% havendo evolução temporal crescente dos óbitos. Conclusão: Foi identificado expressivo impacto da mortalidade por agressão no potencial de vida perdido, sendo oportuno reconhecer vulnerabilidades e contexto dos óbitos no delineamento de intervenções intersetoriais, como também contribuir para vigilância epidemiológica da violência.
Recruitment of Foreigners in the Market for Computer Scientists in the US

This paper presents a dynamic model that characterizes the labor market for computer scientists. Unlike traditional models for scientists and engineers, in our model firms can incur costs to recruit foreigners who are potentially more productive (or relatively less paid) than US workers. We calibrate the model using data from the 1990s (the internet boom) to the early 2000s (a slump in the industry). Using the calibrated model, we conduct counterfactual simulations where firms have limits on foreign recruitment. For a range of labor demand elasticities, our simulations suggest that wages for computer scientists would have been 2.8-3.8% higher, and the number of Americans employed as computers scientists would have been 7.0-13.6% higher in 2004 if firms could not hire more foreigners than in 1994. In contrast, total CS employment would have been 3.8-9.0% lower, and consequently output smaller if firms had these restrictions on foreign recruitment. ∗jbound@umich.edu, bgbraga@umich.edu, goldenjm@umich.edu, and gkhanna@umich.edu. We would like to acknowledge the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for generous research support. Motivation and evidence for this analysis draws from work by Bound and Sarah Turner under the title “Pathways to Adjustment in Science and Engineering Labor Markets. ” We would also like to thank Charlie Brown, Chris House, Peter Hudomiet, Bill Kerr, Pat Kline, Pawel Krolikowski, Paul Oyer, Isaac Sorkin, Sarah Turner, two anonymous referees and seminar participants at the University of Michigan and NBER for comments and suggestions. We would also like to thank Thomas Lemieux and Chris Bollinger for help identifying imputations in the Current Population Survey data we use.
Link Prediction via Sparse Gaussian Graphical Model

Link prediction is an important task in complex network analysis. Traditional link prediction methods are limited by network topology and lack of node property information, which makes predicting links challenging. In this study, we address link prediction using a sparse Gaussian graphical model and demonstrate its theoretical and practical effectiveness. In theory, link prediction is executed by estimating the inverse covariance matrix of samples to overcome information limits. The proposed method was evaluated with four small and four large real-world datasets. The experimental results show that the area under the curve (AUC) value obtained by the proposed method improved by an average of 3% and 12.5% compared to 13 mainstream similarity methods, respectively. This method outperforms the baseline method, and the prediction accuracy is superior to mainstream methods when using only 80% of the training set. The method also provides significantly higher AUC values when using only 60% in Dolphin and Taro datasets. Furthermore, the error rate of the proposed method demonstrates superior performance with all datasets compared to mainstream methods.
Plasma flow modeling for Huels-type arc heater with turbulent diffusion

In this study, we developed an analytical model for the flow field in the Huels-type arc-heated wind tunnel (L2K) of the German Aerospace Center. This flow-field model can be used to accurately reproduce the discharge behavior in the heating section and expansion in the nozzle section of L2K. It includes the radiation transport and turbulent flow as well as thermochemical nonequilibrium models, which are tightly coupled with electric field calculations. In addition, we considered the turbulent diffusion model for the mass conservation of the species and performed numerical simulations for several cases with and without the turbulent diffusion model. Computations were conducted to obtain the general characteristics of an arc-heated flow containing an arc discharge and supersonic expansion. We verified that radiation and turbulence play important roles in the transfer of heat from the high-temperature core flow to the outer cold gas in the heating section of L2K. In addition, we performed parametric studies.
Is Government's Help for Unemployed People Helpful for the Society? An Empirical Study on Macro Data of Public Unemployment Spending in OECD Nations

Using panel data of public unemployment expenditure as a percentage of GDP of 34 OECD nations across year 1980-2010, I explore the effect of this ratio on three unemployment outcomes: total unemployment rate, long-term unemployment rate and youth unemployment, as well as labor participation rate and investment rate. After taking into account potential endogeneity of this ratio using Durbin-Wu-Hausman test, I find the data does not support the hypothesized aggregate demand effect of unemployment insurance (UI) expenditure in theory but gives strong support for hypothesized disincentive effect in theory. The estimates indicate that every percentage point increase in public unemployment welfare expenditure relative to GDP leads to 0.9 to 1.1 percentage point increase in total unemployment rate and 4.5 to 4.7 percentage point increase in long term unemployment rate. The distortionary effect of UI program on business is also verified by an estimate that every percentage point increase in this unemployment spending rate is associated with about 2.1 percentage point decrease in investment rate.
A Model for Evaluating E-Learning Systems Quality in Higher Education in Developing Countries

The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has brought about significant changes in the practice of e-learning globally. In recent years, there has been an increasing adoption of Learning Management System (LMS) assisted e-learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) in developing countries. Despite the perceived benefits attached to e-learning, several studies concur that there are still many challenges facing e-learning. These include but are not limited to: course development, assessment, learner support, institutional factors, user characteristics and overall performance. The overall implication is that that developing countries still lag behind in adopting ICTs in their education systems. Accordingly, further investigation into e-learning practices is required in order to fill in this gap of research. This study presents a model for evaluating LMS assisted e-learning through reviewing the existing elearning frameworks and models for quality evaluation. The review which was based on the six dimensions of quality and their constructs targeted: the P3 Course Evaluation Model, the PDPP evaluation model, the e-learning Quality Framework, the TMLE framework and the e-learning maturity model. A comprehensive e-learning quality evaluation model was obtained which is to be validated through a survey of 200 respondents from JKUAT university in Kenya by structured equation modeling.
Advanced Inorganic Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaics Deep defects in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 monograin solar cells

In this report Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) monograin layer (MGL) solar cells were studied using admittance spectroscopy (AS) (frequency range 20Hz-10MHz) and temperature dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) curves (T=10K-300K). These studies revealed two deep defect states at EA1= 120 meV and at EA2= 167 meV. The first state was present in different CZTS cells while the second state had somewhat different properties in different cells. The temperature dependence of QE curves showed a shift of the long wavelength edge with increasing temperature by about 110 meV towards higher energy. The possible origin of the observed deep defect states is discussed. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the EMRS 2011 symposium organizers: G. Conibeer; Yongxiang Li; J. Poortmans; M. Kondo; A. Slaoui; M. Tao; M. Topic
Evalution of “indirect fluorescent antibody test‟ as potential screening test for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using milk of lactating domestic livestock

In the present study, Indirect Fluorescent antibody test (iFAT) has been used as the “screening test” for the detection of MAP bacilli in the milk samples of lactating domestic livestock. A total of 372 milk samples from lactating animals were screened by iFAT and results were compared with microscopy of milk samples and milk ELISA test. Comparative analysis of the results of three tests showed that iFAT had fairly good sensitivity (84.7%) and specificity (90.4%), with respect to ZN staining (microscopy) with kappa value of 0.735 and „good‟ strength of agreement. Similar comparison with milk ELISA test revealed, sensitivity (73.3%) and specificity of (72.6%) with kappa value of 0.443 and strength of agreement was moderate. Lower or higher difference in sensitivity and specificity of iFAT with respect to ZN staining and milk ELISA may be due to the difference in detection „target‟ of the test i.e., antigen or antibody. It was concluded that iFAT was a reliable and sensitive diagnostic test for the detection of MAP in milk and can also be used for the „mass screening‟ of the milk samples. Shoor Vir Singh 1,* , Bjorn John Stephen 1,2 , Manju Singh 1,2 , Saurabh Gupta 1,3 , Kundan Kumar Chaubey 1,3 , Sahzad 1 , Sujata Jayaraman 2 , Tarun Kumar Sachan 1 , Gajendra Kumar Aseri 2 , Manali Dutta 2 , Jagdip Singh Sohal 2 , Kuldeep Dhama 4 , Shivalingappa Yamanappa Mukartal 5 and Doddamane Rathnamma 5
Influence of the Wavelength Dependence of Birefringence in the Generation of Supercontinuum and Dispersive Wave in Fiber Optics

In this paper, we perform numerical analysis about the influence of the wavelength dependence of birefringence (WDB) in the Supercontinuum (SC) and dispersive wave (DW) generation. We study different birefringence profiles such as constant, linear, and parabolic. We see that, for a linear and parabolic profile, the generation of SC practically does not change, while this does so when the constant value of the birefringence varies. Similar situation happens with the generation of dispersive waves. In addition, we observe that the broadband of the SC increases when the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) is neglected for all WDB profiles.