Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytic Libertarianism

Abstract Many discussions of libertarianism or the appropriate demarcation between markets and government focus on philosophical and moral claims and justifications. While this is a valuable line of discussion, this article provides an economic perspective on the issue. The result is an analytic framework for assessing the appropriate scope for and role of government activity. This framework broadly results in a hyper-federal system with a center that is strong but circumscribed to transaction cost-reducing activities.
Comparison of Space Vector and Carrier Based Pulse Width Modulation Technique for Three Level Inverter

This paper presents two different PWM techniques: the sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) technique, and the space-vector PWM (SVPWM) technique for three level voltage source inverter. These two methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output harmonic spectra of various output voltages (poles voltages, line-to-neutral voltages, and line-to-line voltages) and their total harmonic distortion (THD). Simulation results for both the method is presented here.
Planting and irrigation termination timing effects on the yield of Upland and Pima cotton

There have been conflicting results reported about the effect on cotton (Gossypium spp.) lint yield of altering planting and irrigation termination (IT) timing. The objectives of this study were to identify a planting window (PW), on a heat unit (HU) basis, and IT timing, as a function of crop growth stage, for optimum yield potential of Upland (G. hirsutum L.) and American Pima (G. babadense L.) cotton. Two PWs of Upland 'Deltapine 90' (DPL 90), Pima 'S-6', and IT treatments were included in field experiments for 11 site-years. Planting windows were defined as PW1 and PW2 for plantings prior to and following 600 HU accumulated after 1 January, respectively. Two IT treatments were imposed for each planting. Irrigation termination in the desert Southwest generally results in cessation of growth (crop termination). The first IT treatment (IT1), was imposed to ensure full development of bolls set up to cutout, and the second (IT2) was after two additional irrigations. From covariate analysis, there was no evidence of interaction between PW and IT, indicating that these treatments responded the same across the different environments for both cotton species. There were, however, differences in lint yields among treatments. For DPL 90, PW1 IT2 yielded 83 and 97 Ib/acre more than PW1 IT1 and PW2 IT2; and for Pima S-6, PW1 IT2 was 118 and 204 Ib/acre more than PW1 IT1 and PW2 IT2, respectively. Early planting is necessary for optimum yield potential of full-season cotton varieties; with the greatest yield coming from early planting and termination after the development of a second fruiting cycle (PW1 IT2). However, if a reduction in input costs and the avoidance of late-season insect pests are important considerations then cotton should be planted early (300 to 600 HU after 1 Jan) and terminated at the end of the first fruiting cycle (approximately 600 HU past cutout) to maintain the lint yield potential of full-season maturity types of Upland and Pima cotton.
Follicular dynamics and uterine status after synchronization of ovulation in early post-parturient Egyptian buffaloes.

The present study aimed at instigating the buffalo ovarian and uterine response to ovsynch protocol when initiated 21 days postpartum (pp). Animals were arranged into a treated (n = 3) and a control (n = 3) group. The treated group was given the fi rst dose of GnRH on day 0 (day 21 pp) followed by PGF2 alpha on day 7 and the second dose of GnRH on day 9. All animals were allowed a daily ultrasound examination from day 1 to day 9 and then every 12 h until detection of ovulation. The ovarian response of the treated group clearly showed the organized events of follicular growth ended by ovulation in one animal (33.3%) of the treated group; the changes in the small, medium, large and total follicle population and area did not differ signifi cantly between the two groups; luteinization of the dominant follicle following the fi rst GnRH injection in two animals (66.6%) indicated the reliability of the ovsynch strategy to improve the ovarian function; the uterine response was clearly evidenced by increasing the uterine wall homogeneity, decreasing the uterine lumen (less than 0.3 cm) and clearing contents by day 7 8 in the treated group. In conclusion, the ovsynch protocol has a benefi cial effect on the ovarian function and uterine involution when applied 21 days pp in buffaloes. Keyword: buffaloes, ovary, ovsynch, postpartum, ultrasound
Temporal Changes in Population Dynamics of American Martens

Abstract Population parameters of American martens (Martes americana) are often monitored to guide management actions. In order to better understand changing marten population demographics, we estimated marten abundance and several population parameters on a portion of northeast Chichagof Island (NCI), Southeast Alaska, USA, using capture–mark–recapture methods in combination with radiotelemetry and compared these data with demographic estimates derived from the trapper catch from the larger NCI area. We found that capture probability remained relatively high across trapping sessions by using a standard live-trapping protocol, and we found no evidence of capture probability being consistently affected by population or environmental factors. Estimated marten numbers varied greatly over the period, ranging from a low of 14.1 martens (0.17/km2) during winter 1997–1998 to a high of 45.6 martens (0.55/km2) during winter 1995–1996. The annual trend was for decreasing numbers from winter 1990–1991 to winter 1992–1993, then increasing numbers through winter 1995–1996. By winter 1996–1997, numbers had dropped substantially and remained low through 1997–1998. All population parameters varied temporally, including annual survival (0.34–1.00), sex ratio (1.0–3.5), mean age (0.5–2.9), body condition (−0.08–1.35), and fecundity (0.44–2.70). Yearly trapper catches on NCI varied greatly from 19 to 354 martens (0.02 martens/km2 to 0.31 martens/km2) because of changing trapper effort and marten abundance. We found mean ages of carcasses a good predictor of population mean age, but sex ratios were highly variable. Marten numbers and fecundity were strongly correlated with rodent abundance, especially long-tailed voles (Microtus longicaudus). By monitoring demographic parameters of the population or trapper-caught carcasses, managers can gain insight into temporal population dynamics. Also, total captures of individuals may provide a useful estimate of marten numbers without the expense of radiocollaring and tracking individuals because population estimates were highly correlated with number of individuals captured during a standard survey. Because of their high vulnerability to trapping, close monitoring of marten populations is important for the conservation and sustained-yield management of the species. A tracking strategy developed with input data on preseason abundance and age structure may be the best management approach, especially for small populations with limited immigration.
Effect of oxygen on the keeping quality of milk: I. Oxidized flavour development and oxygen uptake in milk in relation to oxygen availability

SUMMARY Oxidized flavour developed in whole milk only through the catalytic effect of either Cu or light. The O2 requirement for the 2 processes differed as did the characteristics of the off-flavours produced. Cu-induced oxidized flavour was described as ‘cardboardy’ and light-induced oxidized flavour was ‘painty’. Light-induced oxidized flavour increased in intensity with O2 loss, and could be prevented in stored milk by restricting access of O2. In UHT milk with a dissolved O2 content of 6·6 mg/1, and in the absence of access of further O2, light-induced oxidized flavour did not develop; similarly, O2 uptake of 7·5 mg/1 in in-bottle sterilized milk exposed to fluorescent light did not result in flavour formation. When light-induced oxidized flavour developed consistently in whole milk none developed in skim-milk, indicating the lipid source of the flavour. In contrast Cu-induced oxidized flavour development was not associated with high O2 uptake. Although nearly complete deoxygenation of whole pasteurized milk contaminated with Cu prevented the formation of the flavour, moderate deoxygenation resulted in even greater flavour intensity than non-deoxygenation. The 2 oxidized flavours also differed in relation to ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation. Light-induced oxidized flavour developed only after AA oxidation was complete, whereas Cu-induced flavour developed with AA still present. AA oxidation was greatly accelerated through the effects of both Cu and light. In milk free from Cu contamination and protected from light, after AA oxidation (plus SH group oxidation in the case of UHT milk) was complete, no further loss of O2 occurred, even during prolonged storage at 5°C, despite the presence of large O2 concentrations. However, at 20°C, a small consumption of O2 was measured, and this was associated with stale flavour.
OxyR, a Redox-operated Switch

OxyR transcription factor is one of the redox-operated genetic switches. It can be activated in response to hydrogen peroxide, low GSH/GSSG (glutathione/glutathione disulfide) ratio, and nitrosothiols. Many OxyR-activated genes such as GSH (glutathione) reductase, glutaredoxin, are participating in antioxidant defense. It forms tetramers in the solution and contains a pair of cysteine residues (C-199 and C-208) that are redox-sensitive in each monomer. There are two forms of OxyR: the reduced form and the oxidized form. OxyR gets activated when these cysteines are oxidized to form intramolecular disulfide bonds in response to oxidative stress. There are two major pathways to activate OxyR transcription factor: (1) changed redox status and (2) the reaction with H2O2. The activated OxyR can be deactivated by enzymatic reduction with glutaredoxin or glutathione reductase.
Selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia at low temperature over Cu-promoted and N-modified activated carbon

Catalytic properties of activated carbons oxidized, treated with N-compounds, and promoted with copper were studied in selective catalytic reduction NOX by ammonia (NH3-SCR). The modification of the catalysts consisted of a series of steps (pre-oxidation of activated carbon, impregnation with urea, impregnation with copper). The physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were determined using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, and low-temperature N2 sorption. The modification with copper improved the catalytic activity and stability of the catalysts. All the functionalized carbon doped with copper reached more than 90% of NO conversion and CO2 did not exceed 240 ppm at 220 ◦C. The sample doped with 5 wt. % Cu had the maximum NO conversion of 98% at 300 ◦C. The maximum N2O concentration detected for the same sample was only 55 ppm, which confirmed its selectivity.
Increased Hsp-72 Expression in Oral Mucormycosis after treatment with Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO)

Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection, but fatal when it occurs and triggered by tooth extraction. Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-72 allegedly serves to protect the cell from stress. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of Hsp-72 in maxillary mucosal tissue of mucormycosis infection on dental extraction after Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) therapy. 34 male marmots with age of 3-4 month were divided into 6 groups: 1 control group, 1 group of dental extraction and 4 intervention group. Two group, first with injection of Rhizopus oryzae strain CBS 110.17, and then tooh extraction. The other two group, dental extraction first and then rhizopus oryzae injection. The four interventions group were divided with non HBO and HBO treatment of 2,4 ATA 3x30 minute, one session, for 5 days. The expression of HSP-72 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Mean of (K-1): 0,17±0,12; (K-2): 0,62±0,15; (K-3): 0,52±0,19; (K-4): 6,07±2,79; (K-5): 1,18±0,82; and (K-6): 2,92±0,84. K-4 is the most dominant compared to the other group. HBO therapy 2,4 ATA, 3x30’, for 5 days has been significantly proven to increase the expression of Hsp-72 in macrophage of maxillary mucosal which infected by mucormycosis until 35,7 times higher than normal group. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2020; 13(2): 633-638)
A 68-dB Isolation 1.0-dB Loss Compact CMOS SPDT RF Switch Utilizing Switched Resonance Network

In this paper, a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) Ku-band RF switch with 68-dB port isolation and 1.0-dB insertion loss is presented with a novel switched parallel LC resonance network. The measured isolation is higher than 50 dB from 9 GHz to 19 GHz. The SPDT RF switch composes of two series-shunt transistor switch pairs with body-floating technology and a switched parallel LC network. The network uses a turned-off series transistor to resonate out off-capacitance Coff. The SPDT RF switch is fabricated in standard 65 nm CMOS technology. The measured results show the port-to-port isolation of 68-dB with 1.0-dB insertion loss at the center frequency of 15 GHz. The measured output third-order intercept (OIP3) is higher than 21 dBm with a 0.034 mm2 compact on-chip core size. The proposed SPDT RF switch maintains return losses of all working ports less than 10 dB from 8 GHz to 20 GHz.
DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION AND POST-PROCESSING OF A TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZED AIRCRAFT BRACKET

Structural parts for aviation have very high demands on the development and production process. Therefore, the entire process must be considered in order to produce high-quality AM metal parts. In this case study, a conventional part was selected to be optimized for AM. The process presented includes component selection, design improvement with a novel approach for topology optimization based on the AMendate algorithm as basis of MSC Apex Generative Design, component production on a SLM 250 HL and post-processing including heat treatment and surface smoothing. With the topology optimization a weight reduction of ~60 % could be realized, whereby the stress distribution is more homogeneous. Furthermore, the challenges of support optimization and post-processing have to be addressed, in order to produce competitive parts.
Privacy-preserving and Copy-deterrence Content-based Image Retrieval Scheme in Cloud Computing

: With the extending centrality of people's customary imagery, CBIR has been extensively inspected. Appeared differently in relation to content records, pictures consume all the more additional room. Likewise, upkeep is an ordinary instance of disseminated stockpiling. For security purposes, tricky pictures, for instance, clinical pictures and individual pictures, must be mixed before redistributing, which hinders CBIR advancement in plain substance spaces. At the present time, propose an endeavor that supports CBIR over mixed pictures without deluting sensitive data to the cloud server. In any case, the part vector is separated to show the planning picture. Thus, a pre-channel table is made by an occupant mix to smooth out the chase. In addition, the part vector is guaranteed by a safe kNN count and the image pixels are encoded by standard stream numbers. Besides, if unapproved customers may improperly copy and pass on illegal imagery to unapproved individuals, we offer a show that uses watermarks to curb such unlawful scattering. In shows that usage our watermarks, wonderful watermarks are embedded honestly into the photos encoded by the cloud server before the photos are sent to the customer. Question, along these lines, when the image is reproduced, copies the customer's unlawful picture. Can be checked by removing the watermark. Security assessment and test show the prosperity and ampleness of the proposed adventure.
Comments on the mechanism of attachment in species of the monogenean genus Gyrodactylus

In species of the monogenean helminth Gyrodactylus, the opisthaptor is the main organ of attachment to the host. The opisthaptor comprises two large centrally positioned hooks or hamuli and sixteen peripherally distributed marginal hooks. This paper describes the functional morphology and the mechanism and sequence of attachment in this species. Information on the attachment process was gathered from observations of live gyrodactylids, from transmission electron microscopy, from scanning electron microscopy of skeletal elements, and by histochemical and X-ray elemental analysis of hook chemical composition. The marginal hooks provide the principal force of attachment whilst the hamuli are not actively employed in the process of attachment. Instead, the hamuli provide a system preventing accidental dislodgement and assist the action of the marginal hooks. Attachment is achieved by the alternating action of two systems of muscles attached respectively to the hamuli and to the marginal hooks. Relaxation or contraction of the muscles connected to the hamuli manoeuvres the hamuli over the extremities of the accessory ventral bar and allows them to pivot around their longitudinal axis, effectively raising or lowering the opisthaptoral dome. Under reduced opisthaptoral tension, the independent gaffing activity of the marginal hooks ensures a secure attachment to the host's epidermis. Repositioning of the hamuli then raises the opisthaptoral dome to tension the peripheral marginal hooks. The sequence of attachment is complete when all the muscles associated with the hooks are in a state of relaxation but are held securely and under tension by the surrounding, stretched, opisthaptoral dome.
Dendrosomes as novel gene porters-III

BACKGROUND: It was previously reported that dendrosomes, i.e. neutral, biodegradable, covalent or selfassembled, hyperbranched, spheroidal nano-particles with a size ranging from 15 to 100nm, provide a convenient and efficient means of gene delivery into various kinds of cells such as human hepatoma and kidney cells as well as animal models. RESULTS: New studies via circular dichroism show that hydrophilic and amphipathic dendrosomes either do not affect the DNA structure or moderately transform it from B- to A-conformation. Gene delivery into human liver, kidney, and endothelial cells as well as other animal cells like Bowes, U-937, Raw, CCRF-CEM, MOLT-4, K562, Huh-7 and VERO reveal that the genes are efficiently expressed and in comparison with other gene porters like Lipofectin or bacterial ghosts, do quite well. It is also shown that dendrosomes are able to deliver genes into cells like endothelials that are usually hard to transfect. Cell culture experiments as well as intraperitoneal/intradermal injections of dendrosomes into mice establish their nontoxicity (up to 2.5mgkg −1 of animal weight in the latter case). Studies on immunization of BALB/c mice using conventional adjuvants such as aluminium phosphate, CpG motif and one of the dendrosomes, indicate that the latter leads to the mildest initial response development while exceeding them afterwards. CONCLUSION: CD studies reveal that, owing to the neutrality of dendrosomes, formation of Den/DNA complexes is accompanied by slight structural modifications of DNA cell culture, and animal studies reveal that dendrosomes are inert, non-toxic and highly efficient gene porters that perform at extremely low doses. In comparison with bacterial ghosts and some common porters, they are efficient in delivery of genes into animals and a variety of cells including those that are usually hard to transfect.  2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Metformin on Alveolar Bone Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model with Experimental Periodontitis

Background: Because of the established two-way relationship of diabetes and periodontitis, the research involving a drug that can reduce both alveolar bone loss in periodontitis and hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is of prime importance.Metformin is an antihyperglycemic drug used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies investigating the effect of metformin on the association of these two diseases which emphasizes the novelty of this study. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess the effect of metformin on alveolar bone loss histologically in a type 2 diabetic rat model with experimental periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Group 1: normal control animals, Group 2: periodontitis only, Group 3: diabetes only, Group 4:diabetes with periodontitis, Group 5:diabetes with periodontitis receiving metformin. Diabetes mellitus was induced by nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, ip) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, iv). One day after diabetes confirmation, group 5, received metformin 100 mg/kgbody weight intraperitoneally. Silk ligatures was tied subgingivally around upper right first molar tooth to induce periodontitis. On day 30, all the animals were euthanized and effect of metformin on alveolar bone loss were histologically examined to assess the diff erences among the study groups. Results:Metformin administration had reduced the inflammation and increased the osteoblastic activity in group 5, which was significantly higher than all other groups. Conclusion: The findings confirm that metformin reduces alveolar bone loss and the inflammatory response in diabetic rats with periodontitis receiving metformin. Key Word: Periodontitis, Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Alveolar bone ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 18-05-2020 Date of Acceptance: 03-06-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enhancement of Osteogenesis Using a Combination of Hydroxyapatite and Stem Cells from Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Periodontal regeneration, especially regeneration of alveolar bone, remains difficult to achieve with the result that alternative therapies for achieving periodontal regeneration are still lacking. Tissue engineering using stem cells and biomaterial scaffold represents an alternative for solving this problem. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are one source of adult stem cells which can proliferate and differentiate into many types of specific cells. Hydroxyapatite (HA) constitutes a bioactive scaffold possessing osseointegration, osteoconduction and osteogenesis properties when used as bone graft. The aim of this study was to analyze osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) expression after the application of a combination of HA and SHED to alveolar bone defects. Eight experimental animals were divided into two groups. The first group was transplanted with HA only, while the second was transplanted with HA/SHED. The expression of OCN and OPN was examined 21 days later by means of immunohistochemistry analysis. The analysis result of an independent T-test with significance value p= 0,0041 < 0.05 showed a significant difference between the two groups. The HA/SHED group showed a significantly higher expression of OCN and OPN than that of the HA only group. Transplantation of a combination of HA and SHED onto alveolar defects increases the expression of OCN and OPN. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2020; 13(2): 508-512)