Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ongoing daytime behavioural problems in university students following childhood mild traumatic brain injury

Sleep is often disrupted in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may be related to persistent behaviour problems; however, little is known about this relationship in young adults. This study explored associations between TBI, behavioural problems and sleep disturbances in 247 university students (197 non-TBI, 47 mild TBI, two moderate TBI, one severe TBI) aged 18–25 years, who completed validated measures for behaviour, sleep quality and history of TBI. Because of small group numbers, participants reporting moderate to severe TBI were excluded from the analyses. Results indicated that students with mild TBI reported higher levels of daytime dysfunction, somatic complaints, withdrawal, other behavioural complaints and internalizing behaviours compared with students with no TBI history. A correlational analysis indicated a moderate relationship between the above significant variables. Our results suggest that university students with a history of mild TBI are more likely to experience certain ongoing daytime behavioural problems, which are likely to negatively influence their academic functioning in tertiary education. This study highlights the importance of research on long-term problems following mild TBI in young adults aged 18–25 years – an age group often overlooked within the literature.
Use of resistance surfaces for landscape genetic studies: considerations for parameterization and analysis

Measures of genetic structure among individuals or populations collected at different spatial locations across a landscape are commonly used as surrogate measures of functional (i.e. demographic or genetic) connectivity. In order to understand how landscape characteristics influence functional connectivity, resistance surfaces are typically created in a raster GIS environment. These resistance surfaces represent hypothesized relationships between landscape features and gene flow, and are based on underlying biological functions such as relative abundance or movement probabilities in different land cover types. The biggest challenge for calculating resistance surfaces is assignment of resistance values to different landscape features. Here, we first identify study objectives that are consistent with the use of resistance surfaces and critically review the various approaches that have been used to parameterize resistance surfaces and select optimal models in landscape genetics. We then discuss the biological assumptions and considerations that influence analyses using resistance surfaces, such as the relationship between gene flow and dispersal, how habitat suitability may influence animal movement, and how resistance surfaces can be translated into estimates of functional landscape connectivity. Finally, we outline novel approaches for creating optimal resistance surfaces using either simulation or computational methods, as well as alternatives to resistance surfaces (e.g. network and buffered paths). These approaches have the potential to improve landscape genetic analyses, but they also create new challenges. We conclude that no single way of using resistance surfaces is appropriate for every situation. We suggest that researchers carefully consider objectives, important biological assumptions and available parameterization and validation techniques when planning landscape genetic studies.
Monitoring gastrointestinal intraluminal PCO2: problems with airflow methods.

UNLABELLED Gastrointestinal intraluminal PCO2 (PiCO2) information is used to assess the adequacy of trauma patient resuscitation and to assist in choosing resuscitative interventions. Therefore, determining the limitations and potential caveats of different PiCO2 monitoring systems is clinically important. This study compared two PCO2 monitoring systems. The airflow device adds and then removes air samples to quantitate PCO2, whereas the fiber-optic device does not. METHODS Airflow (TRIP Tonometer/Tonocap) and fiber-optic (Neotrend) systems were used. In vitro they were compared with each other and to two end-tidal CO2 monitors measuring the PCO2 of humidified air containing 5% and then 10% CO2. In vivo the two systems' catheters were surgically juxtaposed in 15 dogs' stomachs; paired PiCO2 readings were taken throughout hemorrhage and resuscitation. RESULTS In vitro, paired PCO2 values from the airflow and fiber-optic devices correlated with each other (r = 0.99) and with end-tidal values (r = 0.99 with airflow, r = 0.95 with fiber-optic). In vivo, paired values differed significantly (P < 0.0001), correlating poorly for two devices simultaneously measuring the same variable (r = 0.61). Fiber-optic PiCO2 values were higher than airflow values (mmHg +/- SEM): 69.3 +/- 4.8 vs. 61.3 +/- 5.6 at the start of hemorrhage, 141.3 +/- 12.9 vs. 87.7 +/- 7.9 by end of hemorrhage, and 104.3 +/- 9.6 vs. 82.8 +/- 7.0 by end of resuscitation for fiber-optic and airflow, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite agreement in vitro, airflow methods can influence PiCO2 values obtained in vivo. Passive sensing methods used to monitor PiCO2, such as fiber-optic methods, are preferable because they neither deliver O2 to, nor remove CO2 from the local microenvironment.
Molecular Characterization of Theileria Species Associated with Mortality in Four Species of African Antelopes

ABSTRACT Pathogen DNA was isolated from roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and common gray duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) in South Africa whose deaths were attributed to either theileriosis or cytauxzoonosis. We developed Theileria species-specific probes used in combination with reverse line blot hybridization assays and identified three different species of Theileria in four African antelope species. The close phylogenetic relationship between members of the genera Theileria and Cytauxzoon, similarities in the morphologies of developmental stages, and confusion in the literature regarding theileriosis or cytauxzoonosis are discussed.
The effect of inhibitory nerve impulses on a crustacean muscle fibre

Synaptic inhibition has recently been studied by Brock, Coombs & Eccles (1952), who found that an inhibitory nerve impulse increases the resting potential of a motor nerve cell, thereby raising its threshold to excitatory impulses. The authors concluded that this was the sole mechanism by which direct inhibition of spinal motoneurones is produced, and it is of interest to inquire to what extent this conclusion may be generalized. A very different preparation for a study of direct synaptic inhibition is the crustacean nervemuscle system (Biedermann, 1887; Hoffmann, 1914; Marmont & Wiersma, 1938; Kuffler & Katz, 1946) which enables one to stimulate single inhibitor and motor nerve axons and record their effects on individual muscle fibres (see Fatt & Katz, 1953 a). Previous work indicated that the inhibitory process interferes with the crustacean muscle response at two stages: (a) in blocking transmission from the nerve to the muscle membrane; and (b) in uncoupling excitation and contraction processes within the muscle fibre. Only the first of these two actions is considered in this paper, which deals particularly with the electrical membrane changes set up in a crustacean muscle fibre by inhibitory nerve impulses. It will be shown that the main effect of inhibitory impulses is to attenuate the 'end-plate potentials', i.e. to diminish the local depolarization produced by motor impulses. Inhibitory impulses do not by themselves change the resting potential of the muscle fibres, unless this has previously been displaced from its normal level. But even though no potential change may be recorded, the inhibitory impulse was found to have a peculiar effect on the electrical properties of the muscle membrane: it always produces a transient increase of membrane conductance (or 'ion permeability') whose nature will be discussed below. METHODS
Automated virtual camera during mobile video playback

This paper details an approach for novel video viewing experience on small-screen mobile devices. Users are allowed to choose a region-of-interest via a touch-based gesture, following which a virtual camera algorithm takes control in order to automatically zoom and pan within the video scene. The selected region-of-interest is kept within a retargeted viewport despite change in the position of the region-of-interest. Scene transformations such as change in the region-of-interest, disappearance, and re-appearance of a region-of-interest are handled gracefully. The system works on sampled frames and hence is favorable in conditions requiring low power consumption. The system implements (1) a pattern match based region tracking algorithm that works on frames sampled at as low as 1fps, and (2) a virtual camera algorithm that simulates virtual camera zoom/pan operations at 30fps. We evaluated the performance of the algorithm in terms of precision and recall scores. We show that the system has a high precision of 95% and a recall of 80% for a diversity of video scenes.
The Environment of Care Model: a paradigm shift in comprehensive breast care

Abstract The delivery of comprehensive breast care seems to be undergoing a paradigm shift driven by advances in technology, interprofessional collaboration and patient dissatisfaction with interruptions in care. This paradigm shift includes the emergence of new models of care that optimize the use of embedded radiology services and encourage greater interprofessional collaboration. This paper briefly reviews the three drivers (advances in technology, expectations regarding interprofessional collaboration and patient dissatisfaction with interrupted care) underlying the paradigm shift in comprehensive breast care as well as introduces the environment of care model, which describes the proximity of radiology services and interprofessional collaboration between the Women’s Wellness Clinic (WWC) and Radiology at the Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) – both based in the United States. In addition, this model is proposed as a way to facilitate improved patient satisfaction and early appropriate referral. Finally, plans for evaluating the effectiveness of this model are presented.
Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi

Cordyceps, comprising over 400 species, was historically classified in the Clavicipitaceae, based on cylindrical asci, thickened ascus apices and filiform ascospores, which often disarticulate into part-spores. Cordyceps was characterized by the production of well-developed often stipitate stromata and an ecology as a pathogen of arthropods and Elaphomyces with infrageneric classifications emphasizing arrangement of perithecia, ascospore morphology and host affiliation. To refine the classification of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceae, the phylogenetic relationships of 162 taxa were estimated based on analyses consisting of five to seven loci, including the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunits (nrSSU and nrLSU), the elongation factor 1α (tef1), the largest and the second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (rpb1 and rpb2), β-tubulin (tub), and mitochondrial ATP6 (atp6). Our results strongly support the existence of three clavicipitaceous clades and reject the monophyly of both Cordyceps and Clavicipitaceae. Most diagnostic characters used in current classifications of Cordyceps (e.g., arrangement of perithecia, ascospore fragmentation, etc.) were not supported as being phylogenetically informative; the characters that were most consistent with the phylogeny were texture, pigmentation and morphology of stromata. Therefore, we revise the taxonomy of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceae to be consistent with the multi-gene phylogeny. The family Cordycipitaceae is validated based on the type of Cordyceps, C. militaris, and includes most Cordyceps species that possess brightly coloured, fleshy stromata. The new family Ophiocordycipitaceae is proposed based on Ophiocordyceps Petch, which we emend. The majority of species in this family produce darkly pigmented, tough to pliant stromata that often possess aperithecial apices. The new genus Elaphocordyceps is proposed for a subclade of the Ophiocordycipitaceae, which includes all species of Cordyceps that parasitize the fungal genus Elaphomyces and some closely related species that parasitize arthropods. The family Clavicipitaceae s. s. is emended and includes the core clade of grass symbionts (e.g., Balansia, Claviceps, Epichloë, etc.), and the entomopathogenic genus Hypocrella and relatives. In addition, the new genus Metacordyceps is proposed for Cordyceps species that are closely related to the grass symbionts in the Clavicipitaceae s. s. Metacordyceps includes teleomorphs linked to Metarhizium and other closely related anamorphs. Two new species are described, and lists of accepted names for species in Cordyceps, Elaphocordyceps, Metacordyceps and Ophiocordyceps are provided.
Mobile small cell deployment for next generation cellular networks

With the rapid growth of mobile broadband traffic, adopting small cell is a promising trend for operators to improve network capacity with low cost. However, static small cells cannot be flexibly placed to fulfill time/space-varying traffic. The static small cells might stay in idle or under-utilized mode during some time periods, which wastes resources. Therefore, this paper utilizes the mobile small cell concept and studies the deployment problem for mobile small cells. The objective is to maximize the service time provided by mobile small cells for all users. If a finite number of mobile small cells can serve more users for more time, the mobile small cell deployment will have more gains. Specifically, we show an interesting trade-off in the service time maximization. Then, we prove our target problem is NP-hard and propose an efficient mobile small cell deployment algorithm to deal with the trade-off to maximize the total service time. We construct a series of simulations with realistic parameter settings to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm. Compared with a static small cell deployment algorithm and a random mobile small cell deployment algorithm, the simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly increase the total service time provided for all users.
Hankel operators and the Dixmier trace on the Hardy space

We give criteria for the membership of Hankel operators on the Hardy space on the disc in the Dixmier class, and establish estimates for their Dixmier trace. In contrast to the situation in the Bergman space setting, it turns out that there existDixmier‐ classHankel operators that are not measurable (that is, their Dixmier trace depends on the choice of the underlying Banach limit), as well asDixmier‐ classHankel operators that do not belong to the (1,∞) Schatten–Lorentz ideal. A related question concerning logarithmic interpolation of Besov spaces is also discussed.
Notice of RetractionTwo-side charismatic leadership, organizational politics perception, and employee innovation: A mediation model

The study develops and tests a theoretical model in which employee innovation is influenced by individual perception of organizational politics and charismatic leadership. Two types of charismatic leadership, socialized versus personalized leadership, are examined. We propose that socialized leadership negatively influence individual perception of organizational politics, which in turn negatively influences employee innovation; on the contrary, personalized leadership positively influence individual perception of organizational politics that results low level of employee innovation. The model is tested via a sample including 116 employee-supervisor dyads. Hierarchical Regression Modeling analyses confirmed only the personalized leadership-organizational politics perception-innovation mediation linkage. Implications of the finding are offered.
Frequency, Predictors, and Neurologic Outcomes of Vaso-occlusive Strokes Associated With Cardiac Surgery in Children

OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to define the frequency, predictors, and outcomes of stroke associated with cardiac surgery in children with congenital heart disease. METHODS. We performed a case-control study of children (term birth to 18 years) with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children between January 1, 1992, and March 1, 2001. Case subjects experienced stroke within 72 hours after cardiac surgery, and control subjects (2 for each case subjects) had cardiac surgery and no stroke. The frequency of arterial ischemic stroke/cerebral sinovenous thrombosis was calculated among children who underwent cardiac surgery during the study period. Predictors for stroke, including age, gender, simple versus complex procedure, reoperation, bypass duration, circulatory arrest, postoperative hematocrit level, and intraoperative activated clotting time, were tested. The presence of clinical and radiologically defined stroke was the main outcome. Neurologic outcomes were assessed in case subjects with the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure. RESULTS. During the study period, 30 children with stroke (28 with arterial ischemic stroke and 2 with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis) were identified among 5526 children undergoing cardiac surgery. This yielded a risk for arterial ischemic stroke/cerebral sinovenous thrombosis of 5.4 strokes per 1000 children undergoing a cardiac operation. Univariate analysis revealed that older age at the time of the procedure, longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, number of days in the hospital postoperatively, and reoperation were associated with stroke. In multivariate analyses, only reoperation was associated with stroke. CONCLUSIONS. The frequency of vaso-occlusive stroke in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery was 5.4 cases per 1000 children. Age, duration of bypass, and reoperation may be associated with stroke risk.
Robot‐assisted renal transplantation in the retroperitoneum

Minimally invasive surgery for renal transplantation is still under development. We employed the robotic surgical system to perform renal transplantation with a minimally invasive wound. The operation was performed with a Gibson incision and two working ports. The space for the transplantation was created by retroperitoneal dissection with the robot lifting the abdominal wall. Vascular reconstruction was performed with two robotic needle drivers. We successfully performed robot‐assisted renal transplantation in five female and five male patients with an average wound length of 7.7 ± 1.04 cm. Nine of the renal allografts functioned immediately, but one with prolonged warm ischemia during the live donor nephrectomy had delayed function. The average creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate at discharge were 1.31 ± 0.31 mg/dl and 58.2 ± 8.1 ml/min, respectively. All the transplants are currently functioning at 6.9 ± 3.9 months after operations. In conclusion, with robot assistance, minimal invasive renal transplantation can be performed successfully in the retroperitoneum.
Heterodimer of two bHLH-PAS proteins mediates juvenile hormone-induced gene expression

Juvenile hormone (JH) plays crucial roles in many aspects of insect life. The Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene product, a member of the bHLH-PAS family of transcriptional regulators, has been demonstrated to be a key component of the JH signaling pathway. However, the molecular function of Met in JH-induced signal transduction and gene regulation remains to be fully elucidated. Here we show that a transcriptional coactivator of the ecdysteroid receptor complex, FISC, acts as a functional partner of Met in mediating JH-induced gene expression. Met and FISC appear to use their PAS domains to form a dimer only in the presence of JH or JH analogs. In newly emerged adult female mosquitoes, expression of some JH responsive genes is considerably dampened when Met or FISC is depleted by RNAi. Met and FISC are found to be associated with the promoter of the early trypsin gene (AaET) when transcription of this gene is activated by JH. A juvenile hormone response element (JHRE) has been identified in the AaET upstream regulatory region and is bound in vitro by the Met-FISC complex present in the nuclear protein extracts of previtellogenic adult female mosquitoes. In addition, the Drosophila homologs of Met and FISC can also use this mosquito JHRE to activate gene transcription in response to JH in a cell transfection assay. Together, the evidence indicates that Met and FISC form a functional complex on the JHRE in the presence of JH and directly activate transcription of JH target genes.
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of the oral interleukin‐12/23 inhibitor apilimod mesylate for treatment of active Crohn's disease

Background: Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) are inflammatory cytokines linked to the Th‐1 and Th‐17 phenotypes associated with Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the activity and safety of apilimod mesylate (formerly STA‐5326), an oral IL‐12 and IL‐23 inhibitor, in patients with active CD. Methods: We performed a multicenter, Phase 2, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of apilimod mesylate in treating 220 adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe CD (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score 220–450). Patients were stratified according to C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and corticosteroid use and were randomly assigned to receive placebo or apilimod mesylate 50 mg daily or 100 mg daily. The study was divided into an induction phase (43 days) and a maintenance phase (125 days). The primary analysis involved a comparison of the proportion of patients experiencing clinical response, defined as at least a 100‐point decrease in CDAI score from baseline at day 29. Data on adverse events were also collected. Results: In all, 220 of the planned 282 patients were enrolled when the Data Monitoring Committee determined that the drug was not efficacious as a treatment and closed enrollment. A clinical response was experienced by 18 patients (24.7%) in the 50‐mg daily (QD) group (n = 73) and 19 patients (25.7%) in the 100 mg QD group (n = 74), as compared with 21 patients (28.8%) in the placebo group (n = 73) on day 29 (P = 0.71 for each comparison). No significant adverse safety signal was observed. Conclusions: Apilimod was well‐tolerated but did not demonstrate efficacy over placebo in patients with active CD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009)