Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Personality Capabilities

Wallace (1966) proposed that personality be construed as a set of abilities. Rather than assessing typical performance, as in trait ratings, he recommended assessing an individual's ability to perform social behaviors. We have elaborated this notion by distinguishing between personality abilities and capabilities. In this article we focus on the capability, that is, the ease with which an individual can display a certain category of social responses. A capability X is assessed with self-reports of (a) likelihood of performing X when perceived to be required, (b) perceived difficulty in performing X, (c) anxiety in performing X, and (d) tendency to avoid performing X. In Study 1 we examined the relations among six measures of 16 interpersonal behaviors in the context of the interpersonal circumplex. The four capability-related measures were shown to be measuring something distinct from the two trait measures. Unlike trait measures, which showed a circular structure in two dimensions, capability measures exhibited a positive manifold structure (i.e., no negative intercorrelations). The first two orthogonal factors were interpreted as Hostility and Nurturance, which are normally bipolar opposites on trait measures. Thus individuals capable of hostility are also capable of nurturance. The only dimension to remain bipolar was introversion-extraversion. In Study 2, the nomological network of the capability measures was shown to be consistent with the theoretical construct. For example, high self-esteem and interpersonal control were associated with almost all of the interpersonal capabilities. Almost 20 years ago, Wallace (1966, 1967) elaborated the view that personality attributes are better construed as abilities than as traits. He noted that an individual's tendency to display a behavior is a function of the ability to perform the behavior moderated by situational variables like inhibition and lack of incentive. Thus individuals may not typically be dominant either because they are not able to be dominant (i.e., they lack the necessary skills) or because their dominant predisposition is typically inhibited. By failing to address this distinction, standard trait conceptions of typical or average behavior confound ability deficits with response inhibition. To assess a person's response ability, Wallace argued that the assessor must provide the optimal situation for that person to display it. Once such an ability is confirmed (or disconfirmed), the assessor is in a better position to make a decision regarding job placement, social skills training, or psychotherapy, as the case may be.
Numerical Simulation for Stochastic Transient Stability Assessment

There has been continuous development of techniques for assessing the transient stability of power systems in the uncertain environment. In this paper, a novel framework for stochastic transient stability assessment is proposed. The basic theory of stochastic calculus is first introduced to form the mathematical basis of the proposed approach. A stochastic power system model based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs) is proposed to take into account the uncertain factors such as load levels and system faults. We then present a detailed discussion on the numerical methods for solving SDEs. The stochastic Euler and Milstein schemes are introduced. The concept of strong convergence is also introduced to evaluate their accuracy. The proposed approach is tested with comprehensive case studies to validate its effectiveness.
Presence of leader sequences in the mRNA of mouse hepatitis virus

To determine the structure and the mechanism of synthesis of mouse hepatitis virus mRNA, the map positions of the large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of the seven mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 intracellular mRNA species were studied. We found that all but one of the oligonucleotides were mapped at the positions within each mRNA consistent with the nested-set, stairlike structure of mouse hepatitis virus mRNA (Lai et al., J. Virol. 39:823-834). However, one oligonucleotide, 10, was mapped near the 5' ends of every mRNA and virion genomic RNA. In other words, oligonucleotide 10 and, therefore, the sequences around the 5' ends of the mRNAs are not colinear with the genomic sequences. Because this oligonucleotide is present only once in the genomic RNA, this result indicates that oligonucleotide 10 is not transcribed from multiple sites on the genomic template, but rather represents a leader RNA sequence which is joined to the body sequences of the different mRNAs during mRNA transcription. This provides the most direct evidence thus far for the presence of leader sequences in the mRNAs of mouse hepatitis virus, which is a cytoplasmic virus. Several possible mechanisms of RNA synthesis are discussed.
Determinantes de la cobertura del riesgo de cambio con productos derivados: evidencia para el mercado español

RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza los factores que determinan el uso de productos derivados para la cobertura del riesgo cambiario en el mercado de capitales español. La investigación se centra en las razones aportadas desde las teorías de la cobertura óptima, diferenciando entre aquellas que se refieren a las imperfecciones de los mercados financieros, a factores propios de la exposición cambiaria y a elementos de coste. A través de modelos de regresión binaria multivariante se ha encontrado que los factores que impulsan a las empresas españolas a cubrirse del riesgo de cambio son las economías de escala, los costes de insolvencia, las asimetrías informativas y los problemas de subinversión. Asimismo, se ha obtenido que en la determinación de la cuantía de la cobertura influye, principalmente, el nivel de riesgo asumido y en menor medida el beneficio empresarial, la rentabilidad económica y el porcentaje de capital en manos del directivo. Finalmente, se ha comprobado como la deuda en divisa se utiliza con ánimo de cobertura y actúa como instrumento complementario del uso de productos derivados.
Structural and Functional Characterization of the Rat Neurotrophin-4 Gene

Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors. To study the molecular mechanisms that govern NT-4 expression, we have cloned and characterized the rat genome region encoding NT-4. The rat NT-4 gene consists of three exons: two 5'-flanking noncoding exons and a coding exon. NT-4 mRNA transcription is controlled by two promoters flanking the noncoding exons. Alternative splicing of the second intron results in a NT-4 mRNA with a different open reading frame, encoding a shorter protein lacking pre-NT-4 sequence. A rat NT-4 gene fragment, containing all exons and introns in addition to 1.4 kb of the upstream genomic sequence, has been introduced into mice. This transgene enables partial recapitulation of the expression pattern of NT-4 mRNA and confers activity-dependent expression of the NT-4 mRNA in muscle.
Did I Tell You That? Ethical Issues Related to Using Computational Methods to Discover Non-Disclosed Patient Characteristics

Widespread availability of electronic health records coupled with sophisticated statistical methods offer great potential for a variety of applications for health and disease surveillance, developing predictive models and advancing decision support for clinicians. However, use of “big data” mining and discovery techniques has also raised ethical issues such as how to balance privacy and autonomy with the wider public benefits of data sharing. Furthermore, electronic data are being increasingly used to identify individual characteristics, which can be useful for clinical prediction and management, but were not previously disclosed to a clinician. This process in computer parlance is called electronic phenotyping, and has a number of ethical implications. Using the Belmont Report’s principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as a framework, we examined the ethical issues posed by electronic phenotyping. Ethical issues identified include the ability of the patient to consent for the use of their information, the ability to suppress pediatric information, ensuring that the potential benefits justify the risks of harm to patients, and acknowledging that the clinician’s biases or stereotypes, conscious or unintended, may become a factor in the therapeutic interaction. We illustrate these issues with two vignettes, using the person characteristic of gender minority status (i.e., transgender identity) and health history characteristic of substance abuse. Data mining has the potential to uncover patient characteristics previously obscured, which can provide clinicians with beneficial clinical information. Hence, ethical guidelines must be updated to ensure that electronic phenotyping supports the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
Latest insights in therapeutic options for systemic right ventricular failure: a comparison with left ventricular failure

The number of adult patients with a systemic right ventricle (RV) is steadily increasing. Survival is relatively good in these patients, but deterioration of the systemic RV seems inevitable. Although therapeutic options for patients with LV failure are well established, their role in patients with systemic RV failure is often undefined. To appreciate the potency of LV failure therapy in patients with a systemic RV, insight into pathophysiology of systemic RV failure and into recent developments in therapeutic research are indispensible. This review provides these insights, and will facilitate and ameliorate therapeutic decision making in patients with a systemic RV.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein.

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, and antagonism of TNF may reduce the activity of the disease. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel TNF antagonist - a recombinant fusion protein that consists of the soluble TNF receptor (p75) linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1 (TNFR:Fc). METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 180 patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis to receive subcutaneous injections of placebo or one of three doses of TNFR:Fc (0.25, 2, or 16 mg per square meter of body-surface area) twice weekly for three months. The clinical response was measured by changes in composite symptoms of arthritis defined according to American College of Rheumatology criteria. RESULTS Treatment with TNFR:Fc led to significant reductions in disease activity, and the therapeutic effects of TNFR:Fc were dose-related. At three months, 75 percent of the patients in the group assigned to 16 mg of TNFR:Fc per square meter had improvement of 20 percent or more in symptoms, as compared with 14 percent in the placebo group (P<0.001). In the group assigned to 16 mg per square meter, the mean percent reduction in the number of tender or swollen joints at three months was 61 percent, as compared with 25 percent in the placebo group (P<0.001). The most common adverse events were mild injection-site reactions and mild upper respiratory tract symptoms. There were no dose-limiting toxic effects, and no antibodies to TNFR:Fc were detected in serum samples. CONCLUSIONS In this three-month trial TNFR:Fc was safe, well tolerated, and associated with improvement in the inflammatory symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
Uric Acid: The Oxidant-Antioxidant Paradox

Uric acid, despite being a major antioxidant in the human plasma, both correlates and predicts development of obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, conditions associated with oxidative stress. While one explanation for this paradox could be that a rise in uric acid represents an attempted protective response by the host, we review the evidence that uric acid may function either as an antioxidant (primarily in plasma) or pro-oxidant (primarily within the cell). We suggest that it is the pro-oxidative effects of uric acid that occur in cardiovascular disease and may have a contributory role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE IN THE STROKE PREVENTION BY AGGRESSIVE REDUCTION IN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS STUDY

HEMORRHAGIC STROKE IN THE STROKE PREVENTION BY AGGRESSIVE REDUCTION IN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS STUDY To the Editor: The investigators of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) study1 analyze the increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease treated with statins. Since statin use is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease, this study is important because it identifies at-risk subgroups of patients.2 The authors emphasize that hemorrhagic stroke as an entry event is associated with hemorrhagic stroke during follow-up. Since patients with hemorrhagic stroke are usually not treated with statins for secondary prevention, this observation is of minor clinical importance. Far more interesting is the increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with lacunar stroke, caused by cerebral small vessel disease (hazard ratio [HR] 4.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71 to 14.61), treated with statins. The authors discuss that increased hemorrhagic strokes in small vessel disease might lack validity, because secondary outcomes in isolated subgroups have a high risk of false-positive findings. Although we agree with the authors from a statistical point of view, we believe that future investigations should focus on whether statin treatment might be contraindicated in patients with small vessel disease. Patients with cerebral small vessel disease often have intracerebral microhemorrhages.3 These microhemorrhages may change into macrohemorrhages if patients are treated with statins. Statins exert pleiotropic effects on, for example, the coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system. It is still unclear from the SPARCL study whether statins in patients with small vessel disease prevent only minor (lacunar) strokes and whether the risk of fatal hemorrhagic stroke is increased in this group of patients. We would ask the SPARCL investigators to present data on benefit vs complications in the subgroup of patients with small vessel disease (lacunar stroke).
Biosignatures and Bacterial Diversity in Hydrothermal Deposits of Solfatara Crater, Italy

We have combined mineralogy, organic geochemistry and molecular microbiology to study hydrothermal deposits from Solfatara Crater, a geologically young volcanic formation (∼4,000 years old) displaying hot (45–95°C) and acidic (pH 1.7) mud pools and fumaroles. The search for inorganic (mineral) biosignatures revealed the presence of delicate structures, most likely mineralized extracellular polymers (EPSs), and the presence of potential biologically induced minerals: sulfides, sulfates (barite and alunite), elemental sulfur, and iron oxides. Geochemical analyses revealed a low total organic carbon content, 0.13 to 0.53%, displaying δ13C values from −17.09 to −27.39‰, and total nitrogen contents from 0.03 to 0.12%, which are characteristic of hydrothermal systems and suggest the presence of autotrophic carbon fixation. Lipid biomarker analysis showed the presence of hopanoids and linear alkanes, and the absence of detectable steroids, implying the occurrence of bacteria in our samples. We constructed 16S rRNA gene libraries from the environmental samples. Most environmental sequences obtained were affiliated to the Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria (Hydrogenophilus-like), the Acidobacteria, and to a lesser extent, the Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. When known, the closest cultivated relatives were often thermophilic or thermotolerant bacteria oxidizing iron, hydrogen, or methane/methanol, suggesting an important microbial contribution to the formation of biominerals.
hCAS/CSE1L regulates RAD51 distribution and focus formation for homologous recombinational repair

Homologous recombinational repair (HR) is one of the major repair systems for DNA double‐strand breaks. RAD51 is a key molecule in HR, and the RAD51 concentration in the cell nucleus increases after DNA damage induction. However, the mechanism that regulates the intracellular distribution of RAD51 is still unclear. Here, we show that hCAS/CSE1L associates with RAD51 in human cells. We found that hCAS/CSE1L negatively regulates the nuclear protein level of RAD51 under normal conditions. hCAS/CSE1L is also required to repress the DNA damage‐induced focus formation of RAD51. Moreover, we show that hCAS/CSE1L plays roles in the regulation of the HR activity and in chromosome stability. These findings suggest that hCAS/CSE1L is responsible for controlling the HR activity by directly interacting with RAD51.
A 33-MHz 70dB-SNR super-source-follower-based low-pass analog filter

In this paper a 4th-order low-pass continuous-time analog filter is presented. A smart and compact biquadratic cell has been realized using the super-source-follower circuit. The biquadratic cell synthesizes a 2nd-order low-pass transfer function, using only two capacitors and four transistors per stage: two transistors for gm-C transfer function and two transistors as current sources for biasing purpose. A 4th-order filter prototype has been integrated in CMOS 0. 18μm technological node. The achieved Signal-to-Noise-Ratio is 70dB, with 8nV/√Hz in-band input referred noise. In-Band IIP3 is 18dBm. The current consumption for the entire 4th-order filter is 770μA, from a single 1.8V supply voltage.
$\hbox{In}_{0.46}\hbox{Ga}_{0.54}\hbox{P}_{0.98} \hbox{Sb}_{0.02}/\hbox{GaAs}$: Its Band Offset and Application to Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor

We report on the band alignment of In<sub>0.46</sub>Ga<sub>0.54</sub> P<sub>0.98</sub>Sb<sub>0.02</sub>/GaAs and the dc characteristics of In<sub>0.46</sub>Ga<sub>0.54</sub>P<sub>0.98</sub>Sb<sub>0.02</sub>/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). By comparing the forward and reverse Gummel plot, we found a potential spike existing at the InGaPSb/GaAs interface. Through a flatband extrapolation from the currents of the forward and reverse Gummel plot and the energy gap determined from photoluminescence, we concluded that In<sub>0.46</sub>Ga<sub>0.54</sub>P<sub>0.98</sub>Sb<sub>0.02</sub>/GaAs is in a type-I band alignment. The conduction-band offset and valence-band offset are 0.12 and 0.35 eV, respectively. As a result of the type-I band alignment, the InGaPSb/GaAs HBTs showed a more significant thermal degradation of the current gain than the control InGaP/GaAs HBT. The thermal behavior is beneficial to ruggedness.
Flexible Ab initio boundary conditions: simulating isolated dislocations in bcc Mo and Ta.

We report the first ab initio density-functional study of the strain field and Peierls stress of isolated <111> screw dislocations in bcc Mo and Ta. The local dislocation strain field is self-consistently coupled to the long-range elastic field using a flexible boundary condition method. This reduces the mesoscopic atomistic calculation to one involving only degrees of freedom near the dislocation core. The predicted equilibrium core for Mo is significantly different from previous atomistic results and the Peierls stress shows significant non-Schmid behavior as expected for the bcc metals.
Repensar la identificación con personajes mediáticos de ficción

El objetivo de este articulo es realizar una revision teorico-metodologica sobre los procesos de identificacion con los personajes mediaticos de ficcion. Tratamos de considerar hasta que punto este fenomeno es clave para entender la construccion de identidades. Ademas cuestionaremos si existen diferencias entre la identificacion con personajes en la recepcion, y en la participacion virtual. La tesis que aqui se sostiene es la siguiente: las identificaciones que los sujetos realizan en la recepcion mediatica y en la participacion virtual desempenan un papel fundamental en la construccion de la identidad, la personalidad y las expectativas psicosociales de los sujetos. Sin embargo, mientras que en la recepcion la identificacion se trata de un proceso interno, en la participacion virtual se trata de un proceso externo de caracter proyectivo.
Comorbid Axis I and Axis II disorders in early adolescence: outcomes 20 years later.

CONTEXT Although Axis II personality disorders in adolescence have been linked to psychopathology and psychosocial impairment in early adulthood, little is known about their effects over longer periods. OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare long-term prognoses of adolescent personality disorders and co-occurring Axis I disorders. DESIGN Population-based longitudinal study. SETTING Upstate New York. PARTICIPANTS A community sample of 629 adolescents interviewed at a mean age of 13.8 years and again at a mean age of 33.2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinically assessed psychiatric disorders and self-reported attainment and function. RESULTS Axis I (mood, anxiety, disruptive behavior, and substance use disorders) and Axis II disorders in adolescence showed risks for negative prognoses lasting 20 years. Co-occurring Axis I and Axis II disorders consistently presented the highest risk, often approximating the sum of the axis-associated risk or even several times the risk of disorders in either axis alone. CONCLUSIONS Long-term prognoses of Axis I and Axis II disorders are of comparable magnitude and often additive when comorbid. These findings are highly relevant to the current debate over how personality disorders should be handled in DSM-V.
Dark Recovery Processes in Escherichia coli Irradiated with Ultraviolet Light I. Effect of rec− Mutations on Liquid Holding Recovery

We have examined various derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12 for liquid holding recovery, a type of recovery originally observed in E. coli B irradiated with ultraviolet light. Although most of the K-12 derivatives tested showed relatively little or no recovery under our conditions, four of the six independent rec− mutants examined, those carrying recA1, rec-12, recA13, and rec-56, respectively, displayed marked recovery. These mutants are distinguished from rec+ strains by their increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation and decreased ability to undergo genetic recombination. Two of them have also been reported to release large amounts of their deoxyribonucleic acid as acid-soluble material, especially after irradiation. None of the three uvr− mutants examined, containing uvrA6, uvrB5, or uvrC34, showed comparable liquid holding recovery. The one rec− uvr− derivative tested, carrying recA13 and uvrA6, did not appear to undergo liquid holding recovery, although recA13 uvr+ strains did. Genetic analysis of one strain, a recA13 mutant, indicated that all the rec+ derivatives obtained from it by conjugation, transduction and reversion, had lost the property of showing liquid holding recovery. From these results, we conclude that in E. coli K-12 the expression of liquid holding recovery depends upon certain rec− mutations.
Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes : The Case of Sweden

Due to health problems and the negative externalities associated with cigarette consumption, many governments try to discourage cigarette consumption by increasing its price through taxation. However, cigarette, like the other addictive goods, is viewed as that it is not sensitive to demand rules and the market forces. This study analyses the effect of price increase on cigarette consumption. We used Swedish time series data from 1970 to 2010.Our results reveal that though cigarette is addictive substance its demand is sensitive to changes in the price. Estimates from this study indicate short-run price-elasticity of -0.29 and the long run price elasticity of -0.47.