Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The contribution of maternal obesity to fetal body composition

Introduction: Over fifty percent of women entering pregnancy are overweight or obese. This has a significant impact on short and long term maternal and infant health outcomes, and the intergenerational effects of obesity are now a major public health problem globally. Areas covered: There are two major pathways contributing to fetal growth. Glucose and insulin directly affect growth, while other substrates such as leptin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factors indirectly influence growth through structural and morphological effects on the placenta, uteroplacental blood flow, and regulation of placental transporters. Advances in ultrasonography over the past decade have led to interest in the prediction of the fetus at risk of overgrowth and adiposity utilizing both standard ultrasound biometry and fetal body composition measurements. However, to date there is no consensus regarding the definition of fetal overgrowth, its reporting, and clinical management. Expert commentary: Maternal dietary intervention targeting the antenatal period appear to be too late to sufficiently affect fetal growth. The peri-conceptual period and early pregnancy are being evaluated to determine if the intergenerational effects of maternal obesity can be altered to improve newborn, infant and child health. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 21 October 2016 Accepted 9 December 2016
Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – the Role of Cells and Mediators in Chronic Inflammation

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic inflammation throughout the airways and parenchyma. Chronic inflammation results from abnormal inflammatory response of lungs to cigarette smoke and other inhaled noxious particles and gases. The inflammation leads to tissue damage, repair mechanisms dis− ruption and finally to irreversible lung destruction. The disease is chronic and progressive but their course can be stopped by smoking cessation or reduction of exposure to other noxious particles or gases. In this article mecha− nisms of chronic inflammation, the role of cigarette smoke and the role of inflammatory cells and their mediators in the chronic inflammation are discussed (Adv Clin Exp Med 2007, 16, 2, 277–285).
Calf Muscles Hypertrophy in Sarcoglycanopathy

Though calf muscle hypertrophy is thought to be a signatory finding of dystrophinopathies, it can also be observed in other muscular dystrophies. Failure to recognise this may result in diagnostic errors. We present a patient with delta sarcoglycanopathy who had hypertrophy of the brachioradialis, gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum brevis.
[The degree of health literacy and treatment compliance in patients with high blood pressure in a national hospital in Lima, Peru].

OBJECTIVES. To assess the level of health literacy and treatment compliance in high-blood pressure patients attending an outpatient clinic in a hospital in Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 276 patients, who filled out a questionnaire with general characteristics, the SAHLSA-50 Test, and the Morisky-Green Test. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between independent variables with treatment compliance and health literacy. RESULTS. We found a 36% of inadequate health literacy and 15% treatment compliance. No association was found between these variables (p=0.155). There was an association between being a head of household (p=0.033) and having a partner (p=0.044) with the degree of health literacy. CONCLUSIONS. The percentage of health literacy was similar to that of Peruvian and Latin American studies, and the degree of treatment compliance was one of the lowest reported. No significant association was found between these two variables.
Views of Indian Dental Students on Tobacco Cessation Counseling and Their Skills as Counselors

Haryana, India ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to determine Indian dental students’ views on tobacco cessation counselling, their skills as counsellors and the barriers faced by them. Methods: A questionnaire study was conducted among 182 dental students in dental colleges of Faridabad, India. Significant differences among responses and demographic variables were calculated using chi square test. Results: Majority (62.1 percent) of the participants indicated willingness to counsel their patients about the effects of tobacco and planned to advise patients about tobacco cessation (90 percent) while 74.2 percent felt that tobacco cessation counselling by dentist would help patients to quit. A majority disagreed that giving tobacco cessation counselling is not a part of their role (78.1 percent) or that they did not consider tobacco cessation counselling a part of their role (74.8 percent). However, 53.3 percent agreed that they do not have sufficient training to provide tobacco cessation counseling. Conclusion: Dental students did not show much confidence in providing tobacco cessation counselling despite their perception that tobacco users look forward to them for
Aspects of cognitive performance relating to Theory of Mind (ToM) among people diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Objective This study investigated Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities as measured by a hinting task and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic strees disorder (PTSD) in relation to different types of childhood trauma and compared to a healthy control group. Method RMET, a Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a hinting task, and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to PTSD (n=30) patients and healthy controls (n=30). Results There was a significant difference in ToM performance between healthy participants and the PTSD group (p<0.001). A significant correlation was found between trauma types and ToM performance (p<0.01). The diagnosis of PTSD and the severity of PTSD symptoms showed significant correlations with ToM performance (p<0.01). In comparison with the healthy control group, the PTSD group demonstrated lower performance on both ToM tasks. Regardless of the PTSD diagnosis, those people who had a history of childhood trauma had slowed reaction times in response to photographs representing emotionally salient mental states and demonstrated difficulties in the identification of irony/hints in the context of the administered assessment task. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that a diagnosis of PTSD and a history of different types of trauma have an effect on ToM performance. PTSD seems to lead to deterioration in ToM capacities. This may mean that the experience of childhood adversity may lead to long-lasting damage to social cognition. The current study is helpful in that it contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PTSD; moreover, it will be beneficial in the development of new treatment options. Our research findings suggest that we must concentrate not only on traumatic events during the treatment process of PTSD follow-up and treatment; we must also target deficiencies in cognitive and emotional capabilities.
Examination of the influence to give a hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy by atmospheric pressure plasma and umbilical cord blood

In recent years, atmospheric-pressure plasmas are applied in the medical applications. Although the mechanism of action remains unclear, new biomedical applications of plasma have been found. Experiments using atmospheric pressure plasmas confirmed several effects such as burn healing with angiogenesis. In addition, umbilical cord blood is expected to be applied to the field of regenerative medicine due to the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. We have been focusing treatment of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). HIE caused by the discontinuation of blood supplied means that a part of the brain is necrotized, and a brain function is impaired. There is no fundamental therapy for HIE except for symptomatic therapy as of now. Because of preservation and recovery of brain functions can be expected, as a study on HIE treatment, we consider and report on a method of administrating atmospheric-pressure plasma and umbilical cord blood to HIE model rat.
Alteplase for Massive Pulmonary Embolism after Complicated Pericardiocentesis

Background The occurrence of a high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) within 48 hours of a complicated pericardiocentesis to remove a haemorrhagic pericardial effusion, is an uncommon clinical challenge. Case summary The authors report the case of a 75-year-old woman who presented with signs of imminent cardiac tamponade due to recurring idiopathic pericardial effusion. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis that was complicated by the loss of 1.5 litres of blood. Within 48 hours, the patient had collapsed with clear signs of obstructive shock. This was a life-threating situation so alteplase was administered after cardiac tamponade and hypertensive pneumothorax had been excluded. CT chest angiography later confirmed bilateral PE. The patient achieved haemodynamic stability less than an hour after receiving the alteplase. However, due to the high risk of bleeding, the medical team suspended the thrombolysis protocol and switched to unfractionated heparin within the hour. The cause of the PE was not identified despite extensive study, but after 1 year of follow-up the patient remained asymptomatic. Discussion Despite the presence of a contraindication, the use of thrombolytic therapy in obstructive shock after exclusion of hypertensive pneumothorax can be life-saving, and low-dose thrombolytic therapy may be a valid option in such cases. LEARNING POINTS A quick and systematic approach to a collapsed patient with signs of shock is mandatory; understanding the type of shock may help narrow the differential diagnosis and help in therapeutic decisions. After exclusion of cardiac tamponade and hypertensive pneumothorax, life-saving thrombolytic therapy can be administered in obstructive shock due to probable massive pulmonary embolism. Contraindications for thrombolytic therapy originated as exclusion criteria for clinical trials but should not prevent the use of this therapy in life-threatening situations.
Multitouch and Gesture Recognition Technology Using Computer Interaction

Touch screens are becoming more and more prevalent ,We are using them almost everywhere, including tablets, mobile phones, PC displays, ATM machines and so on. Although multi-touch technology is currently are search focus in the field of Human-Computer Interaction. Multi-touch system is based on touch technology that utilizes touch sensing as an input. It existed ubiquitously in our daily life such as on smart phones or different types of portable devices. In this paper , several foreign multi-touch technologies based on senor and computer vision are introduced and the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are analyzed briefly. It is important for studying the technology of detection and tracking touch-point in multi-touch. Furthermore the FTIR (Frustrated Total Internal Reflection) and DI (Diffused Illumination) which are based on computer vision multi-touch technology are highlighted. Also, introduces early researches on this area and then focuses on current researches of multitouch and gesture recognition. It discussed about, types of touches, implementation &design, Gesture Sets and Recognition, multitouch gesture. Finally, several crucial techniques in the field of multi-touch technology are also discussed.
Impact of the spatial and temporal variation in passenger service rate on train dwell time

This study aims to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism of passenger boarding and alighting processes, as well as its potential influence on train dwell time. The study examines if the interference between different passenger movements (boarding, alighting, and standing) affects the length of passenger service time. This study also postulates that the level of interference can be related to the position of the train door in terms of its proximity to platform entries. We collected passenger service time data from one of busiest metro stations in Seoul, Korea, and analysed the empirical data to identify the spatial and temporal variation in the passenger service rate (number of passengers serviced at each door per unit time). This study introduces the Dynamic Time Warping technique for similarity measures and clustering of the time series data. The analysis revealed four distinct shapes of the temporal service rate curve. Each curve represents a unique temporal service pattern that is attributed to varying levels of interference and passenger demand. A new passenger service time model is presented to include the cluster variable in a categorical form. The significance of the cluster variable is demonstrated by comparing the prediction capability of the model with and without the variable.
Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzymes and Serum Selenium Levels in Libyan Atherosclerotic Patients

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the major source of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries like Libya. Oxidative stress represents a risk factor and plays a key role at several steps of atherosclerosis. Formation of atherosclerotic plaques is the main reason for coronary artery disease. Aim: This study is aimed to assess the impact of the imbalance between body oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress) and its involvement in developing and severity of atherosclerosis in atherosclerotic with and without diabetes Libyan patients. Methods: The study sample comprised of atherosclerosis with and without diabetes patients (n = 73), as well as healthy controls (n = 27). Blood samples were collected to determine the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) as oxidative biomarker, serum selenium level, total antioxidant status (TAS) level and some antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Additionally, oxidant/antioxidant status was compared between atherosclerotic patients with and without diabetes in comparison to controls. Results: The results indicated a significant increase in MDA level among atherosclerotic patients compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.05). While the level of TAS, Cat, SOD and GPx was significantly decreased among patients compared to the controls (P < 0.05). For the atherosclerotic diabetic patients, the study was found a rise in the level of MDA as well as a marked decrease in TAS and the activity of tested antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05). A good correlation was obtained between elevated MDA and decreased TAS, Cat, SOD and GPx. Conclusion: Determination of antioxidative defense markers contributes to understanding the effect of oxidative stress on the development and the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Secondary to Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Cryptococcal Meningitis

A 47-year-old HIV-seronegative woman with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was treated with corticosteroids for 8 months. She developed central nervous system dysfunction and was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) after detecting cryptococcus neoformans in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's clinical symptoms were worsened and unusual MRI findings of white matter lesions were noticed even after adequate treatment, which were quite unusual compared with typical characteristics of CM. This led us to carry out further investigations. Similar cases have been reported previously in published literature. Combined with clinical symptoms and MRI findings, the most likely diagnosis was Cryptococcal Meningitis-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Unfortunately, the patient deteriorated and died of respiratory failure. Cryptococcal Meningitis-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome may have MRI changes during the early onset of the disease (bilateral basal ganglia). We propose that close monitoring of the condition, meticulous MRI follow-up and brain biopsies should be indicated in such cases for treating them actively, so as to avoid worsening of the patients' condition.
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MEASURES RELATED TO POSTURAL CONTROL IN OLDER ADULTS

This study examined the biopsychosocial measure related to postural control in the growing population of older adults (i.e., 60 years and older). The sample of the study consisted of 129 older adults (M = 74.45, SD = 6.95), with 34 males and 95 females, and 36 classified with chronic low-back pain (CLBP) and 93 without chronic low-back pain (NCLBP). Physical and psychosocial constructs were analyzed as predictors for postural control measures. Also gender and classification of low-back pain were examined as moderators for all physical and psychosocial measures. Results supported that physical and psychosocial measures were able to significantly predict composite, visual, and vestibular balance measures, but not somatosensory or preference balance measures. The chair stand test, modified sit-and-reach test, sleep disturbance, and balance efficacy were all identified as individual significant predictors. Gender and CLBP did not moderate the utility of any predictor variables. Results of the current study support of utilizing the biopsychosocial approach for future research examining postural control in older adults.
Future Economic Evaluations in Rheumatoid Arthritis : a case for considering comprehensive benefits and costs of interventions

markdownabstractThis thesis focuses on multiple aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) such as, disease target measures, the heterogeneous nature of RA both in terms of baseline characteristics of RA patients (through considerations of subgroups/treatment modifiers) as well as outcomes that are not joint-related. By focusing on these aspects of the disease, a case is built for the consideration of incorporating appropriate measures of disease activity as outcomes measures or treatment target; subgroups of RA patients at risk of rapid progression of disease and with high unmet need; and finally the incorporation of non-joint related outcomes of RA. Consideration of these aspects when performing economic evaluations of interventions in RA could facilitate more precise estimation of clinical and economic benefits thus enabling a better differentiation of interventions from standard of care and address key unmet needs of RA patients. The thesis is divided into 4 parts: Part 1: Real world outcomes evidence of Treat to Target Part 2: Poor prognostic factors when present simultaneous Part 3: Extra-articular manifestation and cardiovascular risk in RA Part 4: Future considerations in cost effectives in RA
Imbalanced SVM‐Based Anomaly Detection Algorithm for Imbalanced Training Datasets

Abnormal samples are usually difficult to obtain in production systems, resulting in imbalanced training sample sets. Namely, the number of positive samples is far less than the number of negative samples. Traditional Support Vector Machine (SVM)‐based anomaly detection algorithms perform poorly for highly imbalanced datasets: the learned classification hyperplane skews toward the positive samples, resulting in a high false‐negative rate. This article proposes a new imbalanced SVM (termed ImSVM)‐based anomaly detection algorithm, which assigns a different weight for each positive support vector in the decision function. ImSVM adjusts the learned classification hyperplane to make the decision function achieve a maximum GMean measure value on the dataset. The above problem is converted into an unconstrained optimization problem to search the optimal weight vector. Experiments are carried out on both Cloud datasets and Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining datasets to evaluate ImSVM. Highly imbalanced training sample sets are constructed. The experimental results show that ImSVM outperforms over‐sampling techniques and several existing imbalanced SVM‐based techniques.
Goal generation in the BOID architecture

In this paper we consider goal generation in cognitive agent architectures. We show how goal generation can be described in terms of interaction between mental attitudes biased by agent types such as realistic, social, selfish and stable. We introduce a generic BOID architecture and agent type specific BOID architectures, in which goals are generated from conditional beliefs, obligations, intentions and desires. We implement the BOID architectures by relating conditional mental attitudes to components, goal generation to extension construction, and agent types to constraints on priority functions.
Relajación residual en la unidad de cuidado posanestésico

The use of neuromuscular relaxants in clinical practice is becoming more frequent and indispensable in the anesthetic act and the intensive care unit. Although the neuromuscular blockers of both aminosteroids and benzylisoquinolines of last generation have minimal adverse effects, residual relaxation is a complication of considerable incidence associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Due to this we raised the importance of knowing the different methods of monitoring the neuromuscular block with its interpretation, emphasizing the monitoring with the train of four (TOF), the ratio between the first and the fourth response T4 / T1 (TOF RATIO) and prevention strategies for residual relaxation. Abbreviations: TOF, train of four; PORC, postoperative residual paralysis; RNMND, non-depolarizing neuromuscular relaxants; UCPA, postoperative care unit.
Vitamin D in Prevention of Preeclampsia

The present study aimed to analyse the relation between vitamin D and preeclampsia. 120 pregnant females with a single ton pregnancy (healthy/preeclamptic) were selected and their body mass index was determined. They were further divided into four groups; normotensive patients with body mass index<25 kg/m2 (Group-I, N=30‘CONTROL’), normotensive patients with body mass index>25 kg/m2 (GroupII, N=30), preeclamptic patients with body mass index<25 kg/m2 (Group-III, N=30), and preeclamptic patients with body mass index>25 kg/m2 (Group-IV, N=30). Their serum 25 OH D levels were analysed. Through the analysis, preeclamptic patients showed significantly reduced serum levels of vitamin D and a positive association between low vitamin D levels and preeclampsia was observed.