Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: MR imaging findings at different ages--3rd-6th decades.

PURPOSE To depict various brain lesions that have been described in patients who have cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) with prospective standardized magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients of different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with CADASIL in different age groups (20-30 years, n = 5; 31-40 years, n = 4; 41-50 years, n = 16; 51-60 years, n = 15) underwent transverse MR imaging with T1-weighted dual fast spin-echo, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery, and T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences. Images were analyzed by one neuroradiologist for the presence of areas of hyperintensity, lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, and subcortical lacunar lesions (SLLs) in different anatomic locations. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the presence of MR imaging abnormalities in various brain areas and for distribution according to age. RESULTS The mean age of the 40 mutation carriers (21 women, 19 men) was 45 years +/- 10 (SD). In patients with CADASIL who were 20-30 years old, characteristic hyperintense lesions in the anterior temporal lobe (100% [five of five]) and SLLs (20% [one of five]) were the only abnormalities seen on MR images. In patients who were 30-40 years old, lacunar infarcts were found in 75% (three of four) of cases. More areas of hyperintensity were noted, and they frequently involved the external capsule, basal ganglia, and brainstem. In patients 41-50 years old, microbleeds were observed in 19% (three of 16). In patients older than 50 years, areas of hyperintensity (100% [15 of 15]), SLLs (73% [11 of 15]), lacunar infarcts (93% [14 of 15]), and microbleeds (47% [seven of 15]) were frequently observed. CONCLUSION The four types of brain lesions that are observed in patients with CADASIL were seen in patients of different age groups.
Operational oil-slick characterization by SAR imagery and synergistic data

A methodology is proposed for the semiautomatic detection, characterization, and classification of slicks detected in C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). For the first detection step, automatic algorithms were tested on Environmental Research Satellite (ERS) and Environmental Satellite (EnviSat) images acquired during the Prestige tanker accident. These tests reveal that simple filter or segmentation methods efficiently detect slicks with high contrasts and simple shapes, while a new and more complex multiscale method is able to detect a wider range of slicks. The characteristics of automatically detected slicks are then combined with meteooceanic data in order to eliminate slicks related to wind anomalies and current fronts. The data suggest that slicks in cold upwelling waters are natural, and confirm that slicks are heavy oils when high sea states are present. This detection-classification methodology is validated with aircraft slick-tracking maps. In most cases, joint SAR and environmental data are sufficient to classify the slicks.
A digital-background TIADC calibration architecture and a fast calibration algorithm for timing-error mismatch

Mismatches between sub-channels of time interleaved ADC (TIADC) include offset mismatch, gain mismatch and sampling-time mismatch, which degrade the performance of the system. A new TIADC system suitable for the digital-background measurement and calibration of these errors is proposed in this paper. Also, a fast interpolation algorithm aimed at the real time calibration of timing mismatch is discussed in great detail. The algorithm is easy to be implemented on chip. Simulation results show that the proposed system architecture and the algorithm can improve the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) due to timing-error mismatch of the TIADC significantly.
Socioeconomic status and carotid atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND There is a consistent body of evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) is importantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little information currently exists on the relationship between SES and early manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the association between education, income, and occupation and intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population-based sample of eastern Finnish men. Data from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were used to estimate mean IMT across levels of SES in 1140 men. The association between SES and IMT was examined in relation to atherosclerotic risk factors and was also stratified by degree of atherosclerotic progression and was also stratified by degree of atherosclerotic progression and prevalent cardiovascular disease. There were significant, inverse, graded differences between levels of SES and IMT. For education, the age-adjusted mean IMTs for those with primary schooling or less, some high school, and completed high school or more were 0.96, 0.94, and 0.82 mm, respectively. The difference in mean IMT between the most extreme categories of education corresponds to a 15.4% increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Similar patterns were found for each measure of SES, although the differences between the highest and lowest levels of SES were attenuated by adjustment for risk factors. In men who had no carotid stenosis or nonstenotic plaque and in men who had no indication of prevalent cardiovascular disease, a graded, inverse association between SES and IMT persisted, even after risk factor adjustment. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a strong association between SES and atherosclerosis in an unselected population. The results show that this association was mediated by known atherosclerotic risk factors, was evident in the early stages of atherosclerosis, and was apparent in a healthy subgroup. Our findings suggest that the impact of SES is evident early in the natural history of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Evaluating the Experience of Children With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents Taking Part in an Artificial Pancreas Clinical Trial Over Multiple Days in a Diabetes Camp Setting

OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences of children with type 1 diabetes and their parents taking part in an artificial pancreas (AP) clinical trial during a 7-day summer camp. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A semistructured interview, composed of 14 questions based on the Technology Acceptance Model, was conducted at the end of the clinical trial. Participants also completed the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ, parent version) and the AP Acceptance Questionnaire. RESULTS Thirty children, aged 5–9 years, and their parents completed the study. A content analysis of the interviews showed that parents were focused on understanding the mechanisms, risks, and benefits of the new device, whereas the children were focused on the novelty of the new system. The parents’ main concerns about adopting the new system seemed related to the quality of glucose control. The mean scores of DTSQ subscales indicated general parents’ satisfaction (44.24 ± 5.99, range 32–53) and trustful views of diabetes control provided by the new system (7.8 ± 2.2, range 3–12). The AP Acceptance Questionnaire revealed that most parents considered the AP easy to use (70.5%), intended to use it long term (94.0%), and felt that it was apt to improve glucose control (67.0%). CONCLUSIONS Participants manifested a positive attitude toward the AP. Further studies are required to explore participants’ perceptions early in the AP development to individualize the new treatment as much as possible, and to tailor it to respond to their needs and values.
Acetazolamide improves cerebral oxygenation during exercise at high altitude.

Vuyk, Jaap, Jan Van Den Bos, Kees Terhell, Rene De Bos, Ad Vletter, Pierre Valk, Martie Van Beuzekom, Jack Van Kleef, and Albert Dahan. Acetazolamide improves cerebral oxygenation during exercise at high altitude. High Alt. Med. Biol. 7:290-301, 2006. --Acute mountain sickness is thought to be triggered by cerebral hypoxemia and be prevented by acetazolamide (Actz). The effect of Actz on cerebral oxygenation at altitude remains unknown. In 16 members of the 2005 Dutch Cho Oyu (8201 m, Tibet) expedition, the influence of Actz and exercise (750 mg PO daily) on heart rate, peripheral and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (Sa(O(2) ) and rS(O(2) )), the Lake Louise score (LLS), and psychomotor function were studied at 0 m 14 days prior to the expedition, after arrival at 3700 m on day 3, after arrival at 5700 m on day 29, and again at 5700 m before the end of the expedition on day 51. After arrival at 3700 m, the LLS of the climbers taking Actz (n = 8) was significantly lower compared to those who did not take Actz (n = 8): 0.75 +/- 1.0 versus 2.9 +/- 2.0, p < 0.05 (ANOVA). High LLSs were associated with low rS(O(2) ) values in rest and exercise (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). With altitude, resting Sa(O(2) ) and resting rS(O(2) ) decreased significantly (p < 0.001), irrespective of Actz use. Exercise at 3700 m and 5700 m reduced Sa(O(2) ) and rS(O(2) ) even further compared to rest (p < 0.001), although at 3700 m the rS(O(2) ) was preserved better in those who took Actz (55.3 +/- 4.3% versus 47.9 +/- 5.7%, p < 0.05). Irrespective of Actz use, with altitude, the percentage of omissions in the vigilance and tracking test increased while the climbers' scores on vigor decreased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, at altitude, exercise-induced reduction in cerebral oxygenation is less in climbers on Actz compared to climbers not taking Actz. This effect is nullified after several weeks at altitude due to acclimatization in climbers not taking Actz.
Monte Carlo based statistical timing analysis using an efficient sampling method

: Statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) is one of the most commonly used methods for analyzing timing behavior under process variations (PVs). Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is a straightforward and e ﬀ ective method for SSTA. In this paper, a new sampling method is proposed to improve an MC-based approach by reducing the number of simulation samples. This method utilizes strati ﬁ cation with an importance analysis for the selection of samples of PVs. Extensive simulations are performed to show that the proposed method achieves a better precision on ISCAS 89 benchmarks compared to other MC simulation approaches.
A double constrained soft-decision image interpolation algorithm

The key to image interpolation is recovering pristine edge and detailed information as much as possible. Robust soft-decision adaptive interpolation (RSAI) shows excellent interpolation performance by adding weighted least squares estimation to soft-decision adaptive interpolation (SAI). We put forward a novel interpolation strategy-double constraints to modify and improve RSAI. Every pixel is double bound during data estimation, by which edge details and textures are better preserved. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm produces the best interpolation results among state-of-the-art algorithms based on PSNR and SSIM objective evaluations.
Office-by-Example: A Business Language that Unifies Data and Word Processing and Electronic Mail

The age of the nonprogrammer user of computing systems is at hand, bringing with it the special need of persons who are professionals in their own right to have easy ways to use a computing system. Through the programming language discussed in this paper, executives and other office personnel can perform data and word processing and communications via terminals. This language, called Office-by-Example, provides rich and powerful access to the computing system computation, data base, communication, and display facilities. Discussed and illustrated by examples are a two-dimensional screen editor, triggers, and data bases, as well as word processing, electronic mail, customized menus, and application development.
Network and Netplay: virtual groups on the Internet

foreword by Ronald Rice The vast, international web of computer networks that is the Internet offers millions of users the opportunity to exchange electronic mail, photographs, and sound clips; to search databases for books, CDs, cars, and term papers; to participate in real-time audio- and video-conferencing; and to shop for products both virtual and physical. This huge conglomerate of links, hyperlinks, and virtual links is not just a technology for linking computers--it is a medium for communication.The convergence of computer and communication technologies creates a social convergence as well. People meet in chat rooms and discussion groups to converse on everything from auto mechanics to postmodern art. Networked groups form virtually and on-the-fly, as common interests dictate. Like interpersonal communication, the networks are participatory, their content made up by their audience. Like mass-mediated communication, they involve large audiences. But the networks are neither purely interpersonal nor purely mass--they are a new phenomenon.Network and Netplay addresses the mutual influences between information technology and group formation and development, to assess the impact of computer-mediated communications on both work and play. Areas discussed include the growth and features of the Internet, network norms and experiences, and the essential nature of network communication.Contributors : Michael Berthold, Lee Li-Jen Chen, Richard Coyne, Brenda Danet, Patrick Doyle, Brian R. Gaines, Barbara Hayes-Roth, Steve Jones, Sandra Katzman, Edward Mabry, Richard MacKinnon, Margaret McLaughlin, Sid Newton, Kerry Osborne, Sheizaf Rafaeli, Yehudit Rosenbaum-Tamari, Lucia Ruedenberg, Christine Smith, Fay Sudweeks, Alexander Voiskounsky, Diane Witmer.
Normal, Variant, Funny Looking or Atypical Hippocampus: What Does it Have to Do with Epilepsy?

Commentary Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as a result of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is often associated with a history of prolonged febrile seizures (FS) and febrile status epilepticus (FSE) (1, 2). In TLE and other epilepsies without HS, subtle abnormalities of hippocampal size, shape, architecture, and orientation may be noted, and the radiologists may label it as “normal,” “variant,” “funny looking,” or “anomaly of unclear significance. ” The most common such anomaly is hippocampal malrotation (HIPMAL). In 2012, FEBSTAT (Consequences of Prolonged Febrile Seizures in Childhood) study, a prospective multicenter study to address the relationship between FSE and HS, reported evidence of acute hippocampal injury by increased hippocampal T2 signal (HT2S) following FSE (3). In addition, HIPMAL was found to be the most common anomaly in the FSE group (n = 20, 10.5%) than in controls (n = 2, 2.1%). In this article, an offshoot of the FEBSTAT study, authors studied the clinical significance of HIPMAL and used quantitative hippocampal volumetric analyses to determine risk factors of FSE. HIPMAL is incomplete rotation of the hippocampus with an abnormally rounded shape, vertical orientation of collateral sulcus angle, and atypical position and type of fornix as shown in Figure 1. In contrast, HS on visual analysis is defined by loss of volume and increased HT2S typically associated with blurring of hippocampal architecture. Blurring of hippocampal architecture may be present in HIPMAL but is often difficult to confirm especially in young children (<2 years) who may not yet have mature myelination. The FEBSTAT study originally recruited 199 children aged 1 month to 5 years old who presented with an FSE (continuous or intermittent seizures >30 minutes) that met all the criteria of FS (3). A previously recruited group of 96 children (Columbia University, NY) aged 6 months to 5 years, who presented with a first simple febrile seizure (SFS), served as controls. In this study, to gain sample size for risk factor analysis for HIPMAL, authors “enlarged” the original FEBSTAT FSE cohort (n = 191) by adding two predated cohorts from Duke University (n = 23) and Columbia University (n = 12) for a total of 226 children. Hippocampal Malrotation Is Associated With Prolonged Febrile Seizures: Results of the FEBSTAT Study.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA AS TO DIASTASE PRODUCTION

Among the various physiological reactions selected by the Classification Committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists for determining the identity of an organism the diastasic action presents the greatest difficulties. In all tests (seven are represented in the group number of the Society's classification card) of the activity of bacteria toward certain substances the aim is accuracy and ease of application. As at present carried out, the diastase test is far from satisfactory, not only because of the difficulty in obtaining potatoes of uniform quality, but also because of the difficulty arising when one tries to make a sharp distinction between "strong" and "feeble action. " If the action is vigorous or if it is very feeble it is easily classed, but there are points between these extremes which produce doubt and the test then becomes a matter of mere judgment. During the last two years in the Dairy Bacteriology Laboratory of the University of Illinois the use of potato slants for the determinathion of diastase production by bacteria has been replaced by a simple plate method as follows: A starch agar is made by adding 0.2 per cent of water-soluble starch to the regular plain agar. This starch agar can be sterilized in the autoclave along with other media. Some hydrolysis takes place, but not enough to interfere with the test. The agar is poured into Petri dishes and allowed to cool, when a stroke 2 inches long is made with a loopful of an agar slant growth of the organism to be tested. The plates are incubated for two days at 37°C. and five days at 20°C. , after which they are flooded with a saturated solution of iodine in 50 per cent alcohol.
Predictors of Sun-Related Behaviors Among Young Women: Comparisons Between Outdoor Tanners, Fake Tanners, and Tan Avoiders

Abstract Objective: Skin cancer incidence continues to rise as a tanned appearance remains desirable, particularly among young women. Fake tanning provides a tanned appearance without exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In order to advance our understanding of the factors that contribute to long-term behavior change, this study explores determinants associated with different types of tanning. Participants: The sample included 162 female students from the University of Adelaide, Australia, aged 18–26 years. Data were collected in July 2010. Methods: The current study measured differences in skin type, skin cancer knowledge, unrealistic optimism, appearance motivation, and sun-protective and sun exposure behaviors amongst outdoor tanners, fake tanners, and tan avoiders through an online survey. Results: Differences were observed for skin type, skin cancer knowledge, unrealistic optimism, sun protection, and sun exposure. Conclusions: A “one-size-fits-all” approach to skin cancer prevention may not be appropriate; type of tanning behavior may need to be considered in health promotion work.
Infection in Massive Bone Allografts

We studied a series of 945 patients who received cadaveric allografts implanted for nonpelvic bone or soft tissue tumor lesions since 1971. We specifically were interested in the role of infection in the graft process, and, more specifically its history, frequency, and affect on outcome. Primary infections (not related to reoperations for nonunions or fractures of the graft) occurred in 75 patients (7.9%), and an additional 46 patients had infections related to reoperations, increasing the total number of patients with infections to 121 (12.8%). The highest frequency of infection occurred in patients with soft tissue tumors, radiated sites, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Stage IIB tumors, or surgeries consisting of an allograft arthrodesis. Most of the infected grafts failed; however, none of the patients died. One patient had hepatitis C develop, and one patient became HIV positive after receiving the virus from a blood transfusion. A comparison with other series of surgically treated patients, including those receiving metallic devices, suggests that the infection rate may be related to the surgery or the graft’s immunologic resistance, rather than the graft. The problem of infection is a major issue for tumor surgeons. Suggestions regarding how to decrease the frequency of this complication are presented. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series-no, or historical control group). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Relationship between static and dynamic foot postures in professional baseball players.

STUDY DESIGN Observational study of static and dynamic foot postures in professional baseball players. BACKGROUND Throughout the course of a professional baseball season, running, cutting, and sprinting activities can produce a breakdown in players' foot function, causing overuse injuries. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between static and dynamic foot postures; to determine the occurrence of abnormal foot postures in professional baseball players and the incidence of overuse injuries in the lower extremity; and to compare the foot postures of pitchers to those of positional players. METHODS AND MEASURES The foot postures of 74 professional baseball players were evaluated at rest and during gait. Measures of static foot posture were obtained with a goniometer and included the subtalar neutral position, forefoot/rearfoot position, ankle joint dorsiflexion, tibial angle in standing, and calcaneal angle in standing. The FootTrak motion analysis system provided measures of dynamic foot posture (rearfoot supination and pronation) during the stance phase of gait. A questionnaire was completed by players who reported previous lower extremity injuries. The chi-square statistic was used to determine the associations between forefoot position (varus or valgus) and the amount of foot pronation during gait. RESULTS The forefoot varus and calcaneal valgus in standing was significantly associated with the maximum pronation during the stance phase of gait. Of the 65 players who demonstrated excessive pronation (> 8 degrees), 28 (43%) also reported a previous lower extremity injury. No statistically significant difference occurred, however, between injured and uninjured players with respect to the mean values of static or dynamic foot posture. In addition, foot postures were not associated with a player's position. CONCLUSIONS Selected measures of static rearfoot and forefoot postures may have value in predicting dynamic rearfoot movement during the stance phase of gait. Excessive pronation in the baseball players we studied was not found to be a significant contributing factor in the development of overuse injuries.