Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Instruction of Comprehension: What Does It Really Mean?.

There is little to debate regarding the validity of findings which suggest that instruction focusing directly on the task of learning to comprehend will result in greater and more consistent achievement than incidental, spontaneous and/or oblique instruction. Within this framework, however, the term “direct instruction” can mask a multitude of qualitatively divergent classroom styles. To illustrate, we will briefly describe a study in which two second grade teachers. each reflecting the characteristics associated with direct instruction. provided noticeably different kinds or reading and language arts instruction for their students. With this study as a basis, we will then offer some ”food for thought” regarding reading the instruction of reading comprehension. DIRECT INSTRUCTION OF COMPREHENSION: WHAT DOES
A One-Dimensional PCA Approach for Classifying Imbalanced Data

Background: Highly complex and computational intensive methods based on Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and more recently Learning Vector Quantization SMOTE (LVQ-SMOTE) have been proposed for classification problems of imbalanced biomedical data. This works presents a much simpler approach that is not computationally intensive and competes well with existing approaches. It uses principal component analysis (PCA) to generate a pseudo-variable as a linear combination of the features. From this one pseudo-variable, several classification methods are developed that classify directly based on very simple statistics. One method, the Mean Method (MM), classifies cases based on closeness to the means for the two classes from training data sets. When the number of features is very large, a feature reduction (FR) procedure is proposed to reduce misclassifications. In cases where the means of both classes are similar but their spread about their means are different, the Spread Method (SM) is proposed. A unique feature of this method is that one is able to vary the accuracy of classification between the two classes by changing the width of the window for allocation of cases. These proposed methods are found to perform well without the use of over-sampling techniques and multiple-fold cross validation. Results: The MM or the MM with FR was compared directly to recently published results for LVQ-SMOTE on six (6) data sets and gave better or much better results in every case as measured by adding the percent of true positives to the percent of true negatives. The SM was compared with LVQ-SMOTE on two (2) data sets and operating windows widths were obtained that gave much better results for the SM over LVQ-SMOTE. Conclusion: Given the simplicity, strengths, and performance of the proposed approach in comparison to current methods, these methods and procedures are recommended for use in classification of imbalanced biomedical data applications.
Oceanic forcing of the Eurasian Ice Sheet on millennial time scales during the Last Glacial Period

Abstract. The last glacial period (LGP; ca.110–10 ka BP) was marked by the existence of two types of abrupt climatic changes, Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) and Heinrich (H) events. Although the mechanisms behind these are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that the presence of ice sheets played an important role in their occurrence. While an important effort has been made to investigate the dynamics and evolution of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during this period, the Eurasian Ice Sheet (EIS) has not received much attention, in particular from a modeling perspective. However, meltwater discharge from this and other ice sheets surrounding the Nordic Seas is often implied as a potential cause of ocean instabilities that lead to glacial abrupt climate changes. Thus, a better understanding of its variations during the LGP is important to understand its role in glacial abrupt climate changes. Here we investigate the response of the EIS to millennial-scale climate variability during the LGP. We use a hybrid, three-dimensional, thermomechanical ice-sheet model that includes ice shelves and ice streams. The model is forced offline through a novel perturbative approach that includes the effect of both atmospheric and oceanic variations and provides a more realistic treatment of millennial-scale climatic variability than conventional methods. Our results show that the EIS responds with enhanced ice discharge in phase with interstadial warming in the North Atlantic when forced with surface ocean temperatures. Conversely, when subsurface ocean temperatures are used, enhanced ice discharge occurs both during stadials and at the beginning of the interstadials. Separating the atmospheric and oceanic effects demonstrates the major role of the ocean in controlling the dynamics of the EIS on millennial time scales. While the atmospheric forcing alone is only able to produce modest iceberg discharges, warming of the ocean leads to higher rates of iceberg discharges as a result of relatively strong basal melting at the margins of the ice sheet. Together with previous work, our results provide a consistent explanation for the response of the LIS and the EIS to glacial abrupt climate changes, and highlight the need for stronger constraints on the local North Atlantic behavior in order to improve our understanding of the ice sheet's glacial dynamics.
Deposited in DRO : 08 April 2009 Version of attached le :

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.
Status of the accretion flow solution in the Golden Jubilee year of the discovery of extra-solar X-ray Sources

Fifty years have just passed since the first discovery of the extra-solar X-ray sources by Giacconi and his team which we know today to be some stellar mass black holes. By 1973, not only a catalog of these enigmatic objects were made, and their spectra were obtained. Today, forty years have passed since the revolutionary idea of the thin, axisymmetric, Keplerian, disk model by Shakura and Sunyaev was published. Yet, the complete predictability of their radiative properties remains as illusive as ever. The only available and self-consistent solution to date is the generalized viscous transonic flow solutions where both heating and cooling effects are included. I demonstrate that the latest `Avatar' of the accretion/outflow picture, the Generalized Two Component Advective Flow (GTCAF), is capable of explaining almost all the black hole observational results, when the results of the time dependent simulation of viscous and radiative processes are also taken into consideration. I also discuss the problems with predictability and argue that understanding companion's behaviour in terms of its habit of mass loss, ellipticity of its orbit, magnetic properties, etc. is extremely important for the prediction of emission properties of the accretion flow.
Assessment of pesticides residues in fish (Tilapia guineensis) in the Couffo River in Djidja (Benin)

In Benin, the main cash crop is the cotton of which the level of production is largely insufficient to satisfy the national and International market. The main food crops (corn, cassava, yam, bean, rice, etc.) permit to cover the food needed globally, but remain again extensively on this side of the potentialities offered by the ecological conditions of the country. In the process to increase the agricultural production, the herbicides, insecticides and the fertilizers are used now in higher quantity that in the past. The aim of this work was to assess the level of contamination of fish (Tilapia guineensis) in the Couffo River in Djidja (Benin) by the pesticides. Nine (09) samples of fish (Tilapia guineensis) have been collected in nine (09) points along the Couffo River. The analysis of these fish has been done by gas chromatography after extraction and purification. In fish, the detected concentrations in average ranged between 0.123 µg/kg and 0.191 µg/kg for the glyphosate, from 0.095 to 0.128 µg/kg for the profenofos, between 0.112 and 0.125 µg/kg for the acetamiprid and 0.127 and 0.139 µg/kg. To assess the risk to public health, pesticides intake by fish consumption was estimated and compared with Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values reported by the Codex Alimentarius. This comparison showed that fish consumption does not pose a risk for public health.
War economy, governance and security in Syria’s opposition-controlled areas

This paper explores links between the war economy and civilian security by using evidence from the three opposition-held areas in Syria. The study of Eastern Ghouta, Daraa and Atareb shows how different type of behavior by non-state armed groups engaged in criminal war economy, shaped by the broader war economy conditions, impacts on the ability of the local populations to address their security predicaments. Our findings will challenge the assumption prevalent in the scholarship on the war economy that civilian security is unequivocally undermined by insurgents’ criminal war economy dealings. We show that in some local contexts a diverse range of economic choices and actors provide the local population with more opportunities to develop coping strategies by engaging in different parts of the war economy.
A Comparative Evaluation of Rotator Cuff Injuries of the Shoulder Joint using High Resolution Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction: Pathology of the rotator cuff is the cause of most common problems at the shoulder joint and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. High-resolution real-time ultrasonography and MRI are successful imaging modalities for both rotator cuff and non–rotator cuff disorders and have important implications in the management of rotator cuff pathologies. This study was conducted to Compare the results obtained after the evaluation of rotator cuff injuries of shoulder joint by high resolution Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methods: 50 patients with suspected rotator cuff injuries of the shoulder joint were included in this study over a period of 2years. Patients had presented with various complaints like prolonged pain in the shoulder joint with stiffness, restriction and difficulty in movement of the shoulder joint, traumatic injuries and recurrent dislocations of the shoulder joints. Results: Mean age was 41.6years ( range 15-80 ). Maximum patients were between 41-50 years (24%). 29 were males and 21 were females. In our study diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in rotator cuff tears was 57. 14% for full thickness tears and 58.33 for partial thickness tears. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detection of complete tear of the supraspinatus muscle was 57.14% while that of MRI was 100%. Conclusion : High resolution Ultrasound being a dynamic study can be used as the first-line investigation for rotator cuff tear. Full-thickness rotator cuff tears can be identified using ultrasound and MRI with comparable accuracy. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1. 6443 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 9-14
Reproduction and cycle of gonadal development in the Mediterranean gorgonian Paramuricea clavata

Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1826) is a typical gorqonian species of sublittoral communities found on rocky substrates in the Mediterranean Sea. The reproductive biology of this species was studied from 1990 to 1992 off the Medes Islands (northwestern Mediterranean). P. clavata is dioecious. The sex ratio was 1:l. Oogenesis lasted 13 and 18 mo, beginning between February and July and culminating in the release of 13 (SD = 2.2) mature eggs per polyp during the summer (June to July) of the following year. Maximum egg diameter vaned between 400 and 500 urn. Male gonads appeared in January and ripened in a much shorter time, 6 to 7 mo Maximum spermary diameter ranged from 500 to 750 pm. Male gonadal volume per polyp was larger than female gonadal volume. P. clavata is a perennial, iteroparous species. Reproduction was synchronous each year. Over the 3 yr study period spawning took place during 2 discrete week-long periods in June and July. Spawning occurred at the end of May coinciding with increasing water temperature and correlated with the lunar cycle wherein spawning also occurred 3 to 6 d after the full moon or the new moon. Spawned eggs adhered, through the action of a mucous coating, to the outer surfaces of the female colonies. Embryonic development in P clavata was relatively uncommon. Embryogeny (total and equal cleavage) and final maturation of the planulae took place among the polyps. On leaving the surface of the colonies, larvae immediately settled on the surrounding substrate. Asexual reproduction was negligible and the maintenance of the population is based on sexual reproduction
EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON RELEASE OF AROMA COMPOUNDS

The effect of oleic acid (5 and 10% v/v) and xanthan gum (0.5 and 1% wt) on partitioning and retention of ethyl acetate and diacetyl from two matrices with a different composition was investigated by applying static head space gas chromatography. Two matrices with different composition have been developed: one containing carbohydrates (xanthan gum) and in the second one, called complex matrix, lipid (oleic acid) was added. The roles of Xanthan Gum (XG) and lipid (oleic acid) on the retention of aroma compounds were pointed out. Changes in the composition of matrices exhibited a considerable effect on the air/liquid partition coefficient (Ka/l ) values at equilibrium. The kinetic study of the release from both matrices had shown a decrease of the initial rate of release (Ri) by reference with water. The rheological properties of all matrices were investigated and the flow behavior of all matrices was successfully modeled with power law and cross models. Power law model was found as the better model to describe the flow behavior of dispersions.
Conventional pap (papanicoloau) smear cytology in primary screening of cervical lesions & its comparison with manual liquid based cytology

Background: Conventional pap smear (CPS) examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer. However, its widespread use has not been possible due to the inherent limitations, like presence of obscuring blood and inflammation, reducing its sensitivity considerably. Aims & Objectives: The study was performed to compare the efficacy of Manual Liquid based Cytology (MLBC) with CPS and to find out whether MLBC can be established for routine use in our laboratory setup. Materials & Methods: Cervical smears were collected by the gynaecologist using Ayre’s spatula and cytobrush for the conventional Pap smear method and are suspended in a liquid medium for manual liquid based cytology technique. In this study, cervical screening was performed in 481 cases, all were married women of reproductive age group who visited Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of one year from July 2014 to June 2015. Slides were examined for cytomorphological parameters. The details regarding cell size, cytoplasmic and nuclear details were studied for making the diagnosis. Result: The sensitivity of CPS in detecting cervical lesions is 95% and by MLBC is 50% while the specificity was 86% with CPS technique and 69% by MLBC technique. Conclusion: The cellular features are better in MLBC as compared to CPS and also background is more clear in MLBC as there was no obscuration by RBCs or inflammatory cells while in CPS, the background is dirty due to the presence of RBCs, necrosis and inflammation. Keywords: Conventional Pap Smear, Manual Liquid based Cytology, Pap smear, Cervical cytology
Predictability and Determinants of Commodity Markets

Using historical data from 1990 to 2015 and based on economic and financial variables such as the yield of a three month T-Bill or the VIX, this study looks for predictability in both spot and futures commodity markets by testing theoretical models such as the efficient market hypothesis, theory of backwardation, and gradual information diffusion. The results show that commodity futures returns are predictable in the short term and that there is slow reaction of commodity markets to news and therefore that these markets exhibit momentum.
Cicatrizadores personalizados: Una opción para conformación del perfil de emergencia en prótesis sobre implantes posteriores

La pérdida de piezas dentales trae como consecuencia el colapso a nivel de su tejido de soporte circundante, lo que desarrolla una deformidad del reborde. Asimismo los tejidos blandos sufren modifi caciones en su estructura que en muchos casos podrían resultar complicadas de restablecer. Cuando se realiza la planifi cación de cirugía de implantes, no solo debemos enfocarnos en sustituir las piezas dentarias propiamente dichas también debemos lograr un resultado estético y funcional, que en la medida de lo posible se asemeje mucho a la anatomía natural del diente. La conformación de papilas y manejo de tejido blando periimplantario es un desafío que en la actualidad tiene diversas alternativas de tratamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una técnica alternativa para la conformación del perfi l de emergencia en prótesis con soporte de implantes en las que se utilizará el método de compresión, mediante el uso de un tornillo de cicatrización personalizado con adición de resina para conformar el tejido periimplantario de los dientes posteriores.
MURINE BRAIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS DIFFERENTLY MODULATE INTERFERON-γ AND INTERLEUKIN-17 PRODUCTION IN VITRO

Brain endothelial cells (BEC) are the major constituents of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the structure that controls entrance of immune cells into CNS parenchyma. Our aim was to investigate the influence of BEC on produc- tion of IL-17 and IFN-γ-cytokines that are important for CNS inflammation. To that end, co-cultivations of the bEnd.3 brain endothelial cell line and lymph node cells (LNC) were performed, and gene expression and production of IL-17 and IFN-γ were determined. It was found that bEnd.3 cells inhibited expression and production of IFN-γ, but not of IL- 17. Additionally, bEnd.3 cells also reduced production of the major IFN-γ-promoting cytokine - IL-12 - in LNC. The observed variation in modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by BEC could be of importance for the understanding of CNS inflammation.
What could we learn from each other: case of human resource management practice in the Baltic countries

The purpose of the research paper is to provide an overview of similarities and differences in human resource management (HRM) in three Baltic countries and to present possibilities to improve HRM practice. The methodology of the study is based on the comparison of the results of different HRM surveys conducted in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia during 2000 - 2010. The main findings of the investigation prove that in countries with similar history HRM develops in the similar way with little differences. The main benefits of the findings of the investigation is disclosed trends of HRM practices in Baltic countries and comparative analyses carried out.
Survey of muon stripping in the muon-catalyzed d d fusion cycle in pure deuterium

Muon-catalyzed fusion is a very efficient nuclear fusion method to which a wide variety of experimental and theoretical studies have been devoted in recent years. The mixtures of hydrogen isotopes are the most appropriate particles to do this kind of fusion. The efficiency of muon-catalyzed fusion in mixtures of pure deuterium is due to the abundance of this isotope as compared to other hydrogen isotopes. The most important issue of reducing the efficiency of the muon-catalyzed fusion chain in pure deuterium mixtures is the probability of muons sticking to the helium-3 particle produced after the $d-d$ nuclear fusion reaction. In this investigation, the density dependence of the slowing down, muon stripping, and effective sticking in pure deuterium fuel are presented by considering all possible effective processes and solving a set of coupled differential equations. The results show that our calculated values are in agreement with available experimental and theoretical data.
Research on Game of Manufacturer and Retailer Under Government’s Subsidy

Considering demand influenced by government’s subsidy, retail price, random factor, objective functions of maximizing expected profit are suggested to supplier and retailer, equilibrium solutions of supplier’s wholesale price, retailer’s retail price and order quantity are available based on Stackelberg game model, following conclusions are drawn by theoretical and numerical analysis, wholesale price, retail price, average demand, order quantity, profit increase with government’s subsidy; consumer’s expense price decreases with government’s subsidy. which means subsidy can boost demand, increase enterprise’s profit, reduce consumer’s cost, therefore, subsidy policy is favorable to government, enterprises and consumer. Key words: Government’s subsidy; Manufacturer; Retailer; Stackelberg game
Developing a conceptual framework to analyse professionalization in sport federations

Abstract Existing research on sport organizations is imprecise in the use of the concept of 'professionalization’. Furthermore, we do not know if analytical concepts of professionalization correspond with the understanding in practice. This study explores the perceptions of practitioners and proposes a framework to analyse professionalization in national sport federations. Expert interviews were conducted with six key people from Swiss national sport federations and then analysed these for characteristics of professionalization using a hermeneutic approach. The characteristics were divided into three areas: (1) changed management philosophy, (2) functional differentiation and specialization, and (3) application of management tools. However, professionalization is primarily perceived to be a matter of 'professional' attitude that transforms into federation culture. The practitioners disclose an ambivalent view of professionalization, e.g. business-like culture vs. voluntarism, for-profit vs. non-profit orientation, autonomy vs. control. A framework is developed that synthesizes analytical concepts and practitioners’ perceptions to support future comprehensive research into causes, forms and consequences of professionalization in national sport federations.
Enhanced photovoltaic properties of the solar cells based on cosensitization of CdS and hydrogenation

The hydrogenated TiO2 porous nanocrystalline film is modified with CdS quantum dots by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method to prepare the cosensitized TiO2 solar cells by CdS quantum dots and hydrogenation. The structure and topography of the composite photoanode film were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. With deposited CdS nanoparticles, UV absorption spectra of H:TiO2 photoanode film indicated a considerably enhanced absorption in the visible region. The cosensitized TiO2 solar cell by CdS quantum dots and hydrogenation presents much better photovoltaic properties than either CdS sensitized TiO2 solar cells or hydrogenated TiO2 solar cells, which displays enhanced photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency (η) of 1.99% (Jsc = 6.26 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.65 V, and FF = 0.49) under full one-sun illumination. The reason for the enhanced photovoltaic performance of the novel cosensitized solar cell is primarily explained by studying the Nyquist spectrums, IPCE spectra, dark current, and photovoltaic performances.