Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graphop Mean-Field Limits for Kuramoto-Type Models

Originally arising in the context of interacting particle systems in statistical physics, dynamical systems and differential equations on networks/graphs have permeated into a broad number of mathematical areas as well as into many applications. One central problem in the field is to find suitable approximations of the dynamics as the number of nodes/vertices tends to infinity, i.e., in the large graph limit. A cornerstone in this context are Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equations (VFPEs) describing a particle density on a mean-field level. For all-to-all coupled systems, it is quite classical to prove the rigorous approximation by VFPEs for many classes of particle systems. For dense graphs converging to graphon limits, one also knows that mean-field approximation holds for certain classes of models, e.g., for the Kuramoto model on graphs. Yet, the space of intermediate density and sparse graphs is clearly extremely relevant. Here we prove that the Kuramoto model can be be approximated in the mean-field limit by far more general graph limits than graphons. In particular, our contributions are as follows. (I) We show, how to introduce operator theory more abstractly into VFPEs by considering graphops. Graphops have recently been proposed as a unifying approach to graph limit theory, and here we show that they can be used for differential equations on graphs. (II) For the Kuramoto model on graphs we rigorously prove that there is a VFPE equation approximating it in the mean-field sense. (III) This mean-field VFPE involves a graphop, and we prove the existence, uniqueness, and continuous graphop-dependence of weak solutions. (IV) On a technical level, our results rely on designing a new suitable metric of graphop convergence and on employing Fourier analysis on compact abelian groups to approximate graphops using summability kernels.
Time-symmetric optimal stochastic control problems in space-time domains

We present a pair of adjoint optimal control problems characterizing a class of time-symmetric stochastic processes defined on random time intervals. The associated PDEs are of free-boundary type. The particularity of our approach is that it involves two adjoint optimal stopping times adapted to a pair of filtrations, the traditional increasing one and another, decreasing. They are the keys of the time symmetry of the construction, which can be regarded as a generalization of ‘Schrödinger's problem’ (1931–1932) to space-time domains. The relation with the notion of ‘Hidden diffusions’ is also described.
Lack of Phylogeographic Structure in Nigerian Village Chickens Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Sequence Analysis

4 Abstract: Genetic diversity studies that utilize phenotypic and genetic information are informative when formulating breeding and conservation plans. The present study utilizes sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region of 232 village chickens from Southern and Northern Nigeria to determine the origin and diversity of Nigerian local chickens. Thirty-six polymorphic sites which generate 35 haplotypes are identified. Phylogenetic analyses group Nigerian local chickens to a single clade and 97.8% of the total maternal variation occurs within populations. Reference sequences representing the major chicken mtDNA lineages from Asia indicate the Indian subcontinent to be the likely main center of origin of Nigerian village chicken. Lack of phylogeograph ic structure among Nigerian village chickens suggest extensive genetic intermixing within the country.
Herpèsvirus humain 6 et système nerveux central : quoi de neuf, docteur ?

Auteur(s) : Henri Agut Service de virologie, ER1 DETIV UPMC, Groupe hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, 83, boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France Introduction Depuis la decouverte de l'herpesvirus humain 6 (HHV-6) en 1986, se pose regulierement la question de sa pathogenicite pour le systeme nerveux central (SNC). De facon corollaire, on se demande si des methodes diagnostiques sont a mettre en œuvre pour rechercher le virus dans le SNC (si oui, lesquelles) et si [. ]
Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy and Adrenalectomy: Case of a Pheochromocytoma Invading into Renal Parenchyma

Although upper pole renal masses and adrenal masses can usually be distinguished on cross-sectional imaging, large masses can obscure the boundaries between the kidney and adrenal gland. We describe a unique case of an adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 42-year-old female who was referred for robotic partial nephrectomy. During the procedure, the patient developed severe hypertension. The case was aborted, and the workup revealed pheochromocytoma. After appropriate pretreatment, the patient underwent a successful robotic adrenalectomy and partial nephrectomy. Therefore, we recommend screening patients with hypertension and large upper pole masses for pheochromocytoma to better direct preoperative management.
Connections between bacteria and organic matter in aquatic ecosystems: Linking microscale ecology to global carbon cycling.

The primary aim of this chapter is to synthesize research relevant to the microscale interactions between bac teria and organic matter in freshwater and marine pelagic environments. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton pro vide an important ecosystem service by remineralizing dissolved and particulate organic material in aquatic ecosystems. However, both heterotrophs and organic matter are generally treated as “black boxes” in models of pelagic ecosystem metabolism owing to our poor understanding of their diversity and spatial/ temporal dynam ics. Such models necessarily mask a complex set of interactions because of the difficulty in observing and quan tifying this “microscale” ecology. Bacteria exhibit tremendous phylogenetic and metabolic diversity, and we now understand that organic matter comprises a heterogeneous matrix of particles, gels, polymeric matrices, colloids, and dissolved macromolecules. The physicochemical organic matter continuum is dynamic and patchy; which translates to a complex array of ecological microenvironments for bacterioplankton. The phylo genetic and functional diversity of bacteria is thus intertwined with the chemical and physical complexity of their organic matter resources. Characterizing bacterial‐organic matter interactions at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales will fundamentally enhance our knowledge of pelagic ecosystems.
TheXMM-Newtonserendipitous survey

Context.TheXMM-NewtonSurvey Science Centre Consortium (SSC) develops software in close collaboration with the Science Operations Centre to perform a pipeline analysis of allXMM-Newtonobservations. In celebration of the twentieth anniversary of theXMM-Newtonlaunch, the SSC has compiled the fourth generation of serendipitous source catalogues, 4XMM.Aims. The catalogue described here, 4XMM-DR9s, explores sky areas that were observed more than once byXMM-Newton. These observations are bundled in groups referred to as stacks. Stacking leads to a higher sensitivity, resulting in newly discovered sources and better constrained source parameters, and unveils long-term brightness variations.Methods. The 4XMM-DR9s catalogue was constructed from simultaneous source detection on overlapping observations. As a novel feature, positional rectification was applied beforehand. Observations with all filters and suitable camera settings were included. Exposures with a high background were discarded. The high-background thresholds were determined through a statistical analysis of all exposures in each instrument configuration. The X-ray background maps used in source detection were modelled via an adaptive smoothing procedure with newly determined parameters. Source fluxes were derived for all contributing observations, irrespective of whether the source would be detectable in an individual observation.Results. The new catalogue lists the X-ray sources detected in 1329 stacks with 6604 contributing observations over repeatedly covered 300 square degrees in the sky. Most stacks are composed of two observations, the largest one comprises 352 observations. We find 288 191 sources of which 218 283 were observed several times. The number of observations of a source ranges from 1 to 40. Auxiliary products, like X-ray full-band and false-colour images, long-term X-ray light curves, and optical finding charts, are published as well.Conclusions. 4XMM-DR9s contains new detections and is considered a prime resource to explore long-term variability of X-ray sources discovered byXMM-Newton. Regular incremental releases, including new public observations, are planned.
Interaction induced point scatterer lattices and flat band condensation of exciton-polaritons

One of the recently established paradigms in the study of condensed matter physics is examining a system's behaviour in artificially constructed potentials. This allows one to obtain insight on a range of physical phenomena which may require non-feasible or hardly achievable experimental conditions. Here, we devise and implement an all-optical approach to a system of exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities to load the particles into desired periodic potentials. We demonstrate a two-dimensional system of polariton condensates in two regimes - lattices of point scatterers, and confined states through non-resonant pumping with Gaussian beams arranged in a conventional, and an inverse Lieb configuration. We utilize energy tomography on the coherent polariton emission to reveal the intricate band structure of polaritonic Lieb lattices, and report on fully optically generated polariton condensation in S-, and dispersionless P-band states.
Antifungal activity of Caulerpa racemosa against Fusarium oxysporum of Cucumis sativus

Seaweed is the largest marine algal community which has numerous beneficial characters. These Seaweeds are extensively studied for their Antimicrobial properties. The present investigation reveals the Antifungal activi ty of the Marine Macro Algae Caulerpa racemosaagainst the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporumwhich cause the Fusarium wilt (Cucumber wilt, foot rot) of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Cucumber is widely cultivated in India, and it is a valuable cash crop for little farmers. Many different varieties of the plant are traded in the global market. In south India especially in Tamilnadu Cucumis sativus species is widely cultivated and is known for its economical and medicinal values.
An algebraic Wasserstein distance for generalized persistence modules

The Wasserstein distances are a family of $L^p$ distances, with $1 \leq p \leq \infty$, for persistence diagrams. We define Wasserstein distances for persistence modules, the algebraic counterpart to persistence diagrams, and prove the following isometry theorem. The $p$-Wasserstein distance of a persistence module and its persistence diagram agree. Since our algebraic Wasserstein distances do not require computing a persistence diagram, they apply to persistence modules that are not interval decomposable and also to generalized persistence modules, such as multi-parameter persistence modules. We also prove structure theorems for maps from an interval module and maps to an interval module and show that for monomorphisms and epimorphisms of persistence modules there is an induced algebraic matching.
Harmonization of diffusion MRI data sets with adaptive dictionary learning

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive imaging technique which can indirectly infer the microstructure of tissues and provide metrics which are subject to normal variability across subjects. Potentially abnormal values or features may yield essential information to support analysis of controls and patients cohorts, but subtle confounds affecting diffusion MRI, such as those due to difference in scanning protocols or hardware, can lead to systematic errors which could be mistaken for purely biologically driven variations amongst subjects. In this work, we propose a new harmonization algorithm based on adaptive dictionary learning to mitigate the unwanted variability caused by different scanner hardware while preserving the natural biological variability present in the data. Overcomplete dictionaries, which are learned automatically from the data and do not require paired samples, are then used to reconstruct the data from a different scanner, removing variability present in the source scanner in the process. We use the publicly available database from an international challenge to evaluate the method, which was acquired on three different scanners and with two different protocols, and propose a new mapping towards a scanner-agnostic space. Results show that the effect size of the four studied diffusion metrics is preserved while removing variability attributable to the scanner. Experiments with alterations using a free water compartment, which is not simulated in the training data, shows that the effect size induced by the alterations is also preserved after harmonization. The algorithm is freely available and could help multicenter studies in pooling their data, while removing scanner specific confounds, and increase statistical power in the process.
Ecosystem metabolism in a stratified lake

Seasonal changes in rates of gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and respiration (R) were determined from frequent automated profiles of dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature in a clear‐water polymictic lake. Metabolic rate calculations were made using a method that integrates rates across the entire depth profile and includes DO exchange between depth layers driven by mixed‐layer deepening and eddy diffusivity. During full mixing, NEP was close to zero throughout the water column, and GPP and R were reduced 2–10 times compared to stratified periods. When present, the metalimnion contributed 21% and 27% to whole‐lake areal rates of GPP and R, respectively. Net autotrophy prevailed in the epilimnion (NEP = 11 ± 14 mmol O2 m−3 d−1; mean ± SD) compared to balanced production in the metalimnion (NEP = 2 ± 19 mmol O2 m−3 d−1) and net heterotrophic conditions in hypolimnic waters (NEP = −15 ± 24 mmol O2 m−3 d−1). Positive NEP occurred in the metalimnion during periods when the photic depth extended below the mixed‐layer depth. Although the single‐sonde method estimated higher areal GPP (19%) and R (14%) compared to the two depth‐integrated approaches, differences were not significant. During stratification, daily variability in epilimnetic DO was dominated by metabolism (46%) and air‐water gas exchange (44%). Fluxes related to mixed‐layer deepening dominated in meta‐ and hypolimnic waters (49% and 64%), while eddy diffusion (1% and 14%) was less important. Although air‐water gas exchange rates differed among the three formulations of gas‐transfer velocity, this had no significant effect on metabolic rates.
Exploring Two Methods of CBV Estimation in Two Groups of Grade III Gliomas with Different Appearance on Post-Contrast T1 Images

Background: Many studies have used Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) for gliomas grading and there has been in good agreement between CBV and tumor grade. Almost all of those studies have emphasized the importance of leakage correction due to the underestimation/overestimation of CBV caused by T1/T2* leakage effect in enhanced cases of tumors, especially high grade ones. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate two methods of CBV estimation in two groups of gliomas with the same grade and different appearance on post contrast T1 images (Enhanced vs. Non-enhanced ones). Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, eight glioma patients with histopatologically confirmed grade III were equally divided into two groups (with enhancement (group 1) and without enhancement (group 2)), and retrospectively studied. Imaging was performed on a 3 tesla MR Scanner and included gradient-echo DSC, 3D T1-weighted dataset and FLAIR images. The conventional method of CBV measurement (Integration over the whole curve of CTC- method 1) and the GVF fitting (method 2) was done using Matlab. Results: The observed mean rCBV in the tumor ROI was 2.85 and 2.12 for group 1 with method 1 and 2, respectively. Mean rCBV in the tumor ROI for group 2 was 1.24 and 1.11 with method 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrated that with combined use of pre-bolus and accounting for T2* effect, CBV could be considered as a criterion for the categorization of glioma tumors.
Spatial fractal behavior in the lengthening of cerebral bloodstream distribution in Alzheimer disease

El Alzheimer es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que afecta a millones de personas alrededor del mundo. Las causas de esta aún son desconocidas. La geometría fractal es una teoría matemática que permite medir objetivamente la irregularidad de los objetos o procesos naturales; las estructuras y los comportamientos fisiológicos del cuerpo humano se pueden caracterizar matemáticamente a través de la dimensión fractal, la cual mide el grado de irregularidad o complejidad del fractal. La distribución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en Alzheimer es notablemente irregular, por ello la dimensión fractal es una medida objetiva, la cual suponemos, cuantifica esta distribución. El coeficiente de expansión fractal se define para aquellos objetos dinámicos que poseen dimensión fractal y estima la expansión del fractal sobre su espacio circundante. Este coeficiente se asocia con el grado de conectividad que pueda poseer el fractal para expandirse. En el presente trabajo se determinaron los coeficientes de expansión fractal para la distribución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en 21 pacientes con Alzheimer y en 11 sujetos normales en las zonas cerebrales posterior y anterior (tomados de la literatura). Los valores de los coeficientes resultaron ser mayores en Alzheimer respecto a los normales en las dos zonas, valores comparados respecto al espacio circundante en que sucede la expansión. Esto último sugiere el comportamiento de las conexiones neuronales en las zonas evaluadas.
Assessing the Bioactivity of Gentamicin-Preloaded Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Coating on Titanium Substrate

The electrophoretic deposition process (EPD) was utilized to produce bioactive hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAP/CS) and hydroxyapatite/chitosan/gentamicin (HAP/CS/Gent) coatings on titanium. The bioactivity of newly synthesized composite coatings was investigated in the simulated body fluid (SBF) and examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results revealed carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite after immersion in SBF, emphasizing the similarity of the biomimetically grown HAP with the naturally occurring apatite in the bone. The formation of biomimetic HAP was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements, through the decrease in corrosion current density and coating capacitance values after 28-day immersion in SBF. The osseointegration ability was further validated by measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) indicating the favorable osseopromotive properties of deposited coatings (significant increase in ALP levels for both HAP/CS (3.206 U mL–1) and HAP/CS/Gent (4.039 U mL–1) coatings, compared to the control (0.900 U mL–1)). Drug-release kinetics was investigated in deionized water at 37 °C by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Release profiles revealed the beneficial “burst-release effect” (∼21% of gentamicin released in the first 48 h) as a potentially promising solution against the biofilm formation in the initial period. When tested against human and mice fibroblast cells (MRC-5 and L929), both composite coatings showed a noncytotoxic effect (viability >85%), providing a promising basis for further medical application trials.
Vision Loss Among Delaware Nursing Home Residents

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vision loss among Delaware nursing home residents for further data collection to expand the existing evidence about the vision loss among nursing home residents on a national level. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved the statistical analysis of comprehensive eye examination records of 1,856 nursing residents residing in 20 Delaware nursing homes from 2005 to 2011. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to identify age-specific prevalence rates of vision loss (moderate-to-severe vision impairment and blindness). Results: The mean age of nursing home residents was 82.54 years (range: 65–111 years), and 61.70% were over the age of 80 years. The majority of nursing home residents were female (64.10%) and White (76.30%). The overall prevalence rates of moderate-to-severe vision impairment and blindness were 47.40% and 16.20%, respectively. Discussion: The high prevalence of vision loss among Delaware Nursing home residents indicates a demand for further data collection for expanding the existing evidence about the vision loss among nursing home residents on a national level.
Bacteriome and mycobiome and bacteriome-mycobiome interactions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not fully understood. While risk factors such as positive human papilloma virus (HPV) status, smoking and tobacco use have been identified, they do not account for all cases of the disease. We aimed to characterize the bacteriome, mycobiome and mycobiome-bacteriome interactions of oral wash in HNSCC patients and to determine if they are distinct from those of the oral wash of matched non-HNSCC patients. Oral wash samples were collected from 46 individuals with HNSCC and 46 controls for microbiome analyses. We identified three fungal phyla and eleven bacterial phyla of which Ascomycota (fungi, 72%) and Firmicutes (bacteria, 39%) were the most dominant, respectively. A number of organisms were identified as being differentially abundant between oral wash samples from patients with HNSCC and oral wash samples from those without HNSCC. Of note, strains of Candida albicans and Rothia mucilaginosa were differentially abundant and Schizophyllum commune was depleted in those with HNSCC compared to oral wash from those without HNSCC. Our results suggest that the oral cavity of HNSCC patients harbors unique differences in the mycobiome, bacteriome, and microbiome interactions when compared to those of control patients.
Optical coherence tomography versus intravascular ultrasound for culprit lesion assessment in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Introduction In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) the implanted stent may not fully cover the whole intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-derived thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) related to the culprit lesion (CL). Aim Whether this phenomenon is more pronounced when optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment of the CL is performed is not known. Material and methods Thus, we aimed to assess CLs in 40 patients with AMI treated with PCI, using VH (virtual histology)-IVUS and OCT before and after intervention. The results were blinded to the operator and PCI was done under angiography guidance. Results Uncovered lipid-rich plaques were identified in the stent reference segments of 23 (57.5%) patients: in 13 (32.5%) of them in the distal reference segment and in 19 (47.5%) of them in the proximal reference segment. In 9 of them (22.5%) lipid plaques were found in both reference segments. In 36 (90%) patients OCT confirmed lipid plaques identified as VH-derived TCFA by VH-IVUS in the reference segments of the stented segment. However, OCT confirmed that only in 2 (5%) patients were uncovered lipid plaques true TCFA as defined by histology. Comparing IVUS and OCT qualitative characteristics of the stented segments OCT detected more thrombus protrusions and proximal and distal stent edge dissections compared to IVUS (92.5 vs. 55%, p = 0.001; 20% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.03 and 25% vs. 5%, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Due to its superior resolution, OCT identifies TCFA more precisely. OCT more often shows remaining problems related to stent implantation than IVUS after angiographically guided PCI.