Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONTROL OF VEHICLE SPEEDS IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONES (WORK ZONES) USING CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGNS WITH RADAR

Studies have shown that most drivers do not slow down in response to the standard regulatory or advisory speed signs that are customarily used to regulate speeds at temporary traffic control zones (work zones). This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Changeable Message Sign (CMS) with a radar unit in reducing speeds at work zones. Four CMS messages designed to warn drivers that their speed exceeded the maximum safe speed were tested at seven work zones on two interstate highways in Virginia. Speed and volume data for the whole population traveling through the sites were collected with automatic traffic counters. To assess the effect of the CMS with radar (on high-speed drivers in particular), vehicles that were traveling above a selected threshold speed triggered the radar-activated display and were videotaped as they passed through the work zones. The data obtained from the videotapes were used to obtain speed characteristics of these speeding drivers as they traversed these study sites. Statistical tests were then conducted using these speed characteristics to determine whether significant reduction in speed accompanied the use of CMS. The results indicate that the CMS with radar significantly reduced the speeds of speeding drivers. The messages used were rated according to their level of effectiveness in the following order: (1) YOU ARE SPEEDING SLOW DOWN, (2) HIGH SPEED SLOW DOWN, (3) REDUCE SPEED IN WORK ZONE, and (4) EXCESSIVE SPEED SLOW DOWN.
What is 'special' about working in the public sector? ∗

What is the economic rationale for the existence of pay premia or penalties associated with working in the public sector? And is there any evidence that such premia or penalties exist in the long run? In the context of tight controls on public spending, especially on the pay levels of public sector workers, it matters that we understand the economic drivers of pay differentials and the long run implications of policy interventions that affect relative pay. The task of this paper is to try and understand these issues better. Many studies have found evidence of pay premia or penalties in the public sector relative to private sector workers. In particular, many studies find large pay premia for women working in the public sector. Such studies use econometric methods that are not dissimilar to those utilised in measurement of the wage differential associated with trade union status. 1 But whereas economic theory gives a simple rationale for the existence of a union wage ‘mark-up’ (i.e. market power), it is harder to find a simple story that can explain why groups of workers in the public sector should earn more (or less) than their counterparts in the private sector.
Spatial distribution of living coccolithophores in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico

The present study was conducted to provide information about the upper water column distribution of living coccolithophores in the subtropical Gulf of Mexico. In total, 52 plankton samples from 6 stations collected in March 2006 were analysed. Coccolithophore standing crops range from zero in deep-water samples (200 m) to about 23 000 to 46 500 coccospheres per litre at intermediate water depths. From 39 identified taxa, only nine species contribute significant cell numbers of more than 1000 cells 1–1 and comprise more than 5 % of the communities in at least one sample. Emiliania huxleyi was the most abundant species throughout the stations with concentrations of up to 22 700 cells l–1. At all stations, a vertical succession of coccolithophore species was found. Umbellosphaera tenuis (type IV), Discosphaera tubifera, Rhabdosphaera clavigera and, as a minor component, species of the genus Syracosphaera, were mainly restricted to surface waters (≤50 m), all adapted to lower nutrient levels. The assemblage in the deep photic zone (50–150 m water depth) was composed mainly of abundant Florisphaera profunda, Gladiolithus flabellatus and Algirosphaera robusta indicating a tolerance of lower light availability. Thus, the vertical distribution of all coccolithophorid taxa, except the placolith-bearing species, in particular E. huxleyi, was probably controlled by upper photic-zone water temperature and stratification of the water column.
Origin of the Knee in the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum

Earlier we tentatively proposed that the steepening of the energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays beyond the knee could be due to the mass distribution of progenitors of cosmic ray source. Developing the idea here we showed that the hypothesis works well for acceleration of dominant part of cosmic rays in a single class of extragalactic sources by ultra relativistic shock waves.
Complications in the Elderly: How to Plan for your Hip Fracture Patient

T article was originally published in a journal by Open Access Scientifi c Reports, and the attached copy is provided by Open Access Scientifi c Reports for the author’s benefi t and for the benefi t of the author’s institution, for commercial/research/educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specifi c colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator.
Finite-range corrections to the thermodynamics of the one-dimensional Bose gas

The Lieb-Liniger equation of state accurately describes the zero-temperature universal properties of a dilute one-dimensional Bose gas in terms of the s-wave scattering length. For weakly-interacting bosons we derive non-universal corrections to this equation of state taking into account finite-range effects of the inter-atomic potential. Within the finite-temperature formalism of functional integration we find a beyond-mean-field equation of state which depends on scattering length and effective range of the interaction potential. Our analytical results, which are obtained performing dimensional regularization of divergent zero-point quantum fluctuations, show that for the one-dimensional Bose gas thermodynamic quantities like pressure and sound velocity are modified by changing the ratio between the effective range and the scattering length.
THE ORBITAL STRUCTURE OF TRIAXIAL GALAXIES WITH FIGURE ROTATION

We survey the properties of all orbit families in the rotating frame of a family of realistic triaxial potentials with central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In such galaxies, most regular box orbits (vital for maintaining triaxiality) are associated with resonances which occupy two-dimensional surfaces in configuration space. For slow figure rotation all orbit families are largely stable. At intermediate pattern speeds a significant fraction of the resonant box orbits as well as inner long-axis tubes are destabilized by the “envelope doubling” that arises from the Coriolis forces and are driven into the destabilizing center. Thus, for pattern rotation periods 2 × 108 yr ≲ Tp ≲ 5 × 109 yr, the two orbit families that are most important for maintaining triaxiality are highly chaotic. As pattern speed increases there is also a sharp decrease in the overall fraction of prograde short-axis tubes and a corresponding increase in the retrograde variety. At the highest pattern speeds (close to that of triaxial bars), box-like orbits undergo a sudden transition to a new family of stable retrograde loop-like orbits, which resemble orbits in three-dimensional bars, and circulate about the short axis. Our analysis implies that triaxial systems (with central cusps and SMBHs) could either be very rapidly rotating like fast bars or slowly rotating like triaxial elliptical galaxies or dark matter halos found in N-body simulations. Collisionless triaxial systems that remain in stable dynamical equilibrium are unlikely to have intermediate pattern speeds which produce a high level of stochasticity in both the box and inner long-axis tube orbit families.
Risk considerations in the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer use in agricultural production.

Nonpoint pollution problems resulting from current agricultural practices are forcing policymakers to examine alternative mitigation strategies. Two mechanisms suggested to control the use of nitrogen fertilizer, a source of potentially harmful contaminants of water sources, are quantitative standards and incentives through per-unit taxation. Impacts of both policies on the distribution of farm net returns are analyzed. Risk attitudes are observed to influence the magnitude of farmer response to alternative policies.
Light of Planck-2015 on Noncanonical Inflation

Slow-roll inflationary scenario is considered in noncanonical scalar field model supposing a power-law function for kinetic term and using two formalisms. In the first approach, the potential is picked out as a power-law function, that is, the most common approach in studying inflation. Hamilton-Jacobi approach is selected as the second formalism, so that the Hubble parameter is introduced as a function of scalar field instead of the potential. Employing the last observational data, the free parameters of the model are constrained, and the predicted form of the potential and attractor behavior of the model are studied in detail.
Audio Production with Intelligent Machines

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). CHI’15 Workshop 05 ”Collaborating with Intelligent Machines: Interfaces for Creative Sound”, April 18, 2015, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Abstract To effectively utilize and collaborate with audio production tools, users (especially novices) must be able to communicate their ideas in the ways that work well for them. However, many artists’ preferred means of interaction are not well aligned with the interfaces of most audio production software. The resulting mismatch can disrupt the flow of ideas and inhibit creativity. A new approach to interface design is required.
Implications of flexpatriates' lifestyles on HRM practices

In this paper we argue that flexpatriates’ needs and goals are not homogeneous and cannot be met simply by providing standard measures to facilitate working in different cultural locations. We review the nature of flexpatriate lifestyle to examine how employees of multinational enterprises located in Austria face a range of issues in their work, personal and family lives. We present four empirically grounded types, Tough Travelers, Enjoyers, Cosmopolitans and Contactors. The types show various facets of flexpatriates’ lifestyles that are essential to understand their significant implications for HR architecture, commitment strategies and HRM practices in order to meet the employees’ needs.
Human and environmental influences on the distribution and abundance of arapaima in river floodplains of the Lower Amazon

Academic) Understanding the factors influencing the abundance and distribution of tropical floodplain fishes is an important component of fisheries management plans to support future sustainable resource use. This thesis uses a multi-scale approach to understand the habitat factors controlling the distribution and abundance of arapaima (Arapaima spp.) in river floodplains of the lower Amazon River, near the municipality of Santarém, Pará State, Brazil. In chapter 1, a study of eight environmental variables in 13 dry season floodplain lakes demonstrates that lake depth, relative depth, conductivity, and transparency were significantly related to the probability of arapaima presence at individual locations within lakes. Further, the study revealed that smaller arapaima were more likely to be found near macrophyte coverage than in open water locations. In chapter 2, a landscape scale approach was used to examine the interactions between management systems, landscape habitat coverage, and spatial arrangement on arapaima population sizes in 73 floodplain lakes. Results showed that all three influences were important in explaining variability in arapaima abundances. Management and habitat variables contributed equally in controlling arapaima abundances. Both had strong patterns of spatial arrangement and overlapped significantly, suggesting that analysis of either management systems or landscape habitats without the other would lead to overestimations of the strength of their influence. Findings from both chapters support the notion that future sustainable use of arapaima populations requires a dualistic approach combining habitat conservation with fisheries management techniques enacted at a local scale.
Genetic characterization of Croatian grapevine cultivars and detection of synonymous cultivars in neighboring regions

Twenty-two native Croatian grapevine varieties representing three different growing and climatic regions (Dalmatia, Istria, continental Croatia) have been genotyped at nine SSR loci. The identical genotypes of the Croatian cultivars Plavina and Brajdica confirmed the hypothesis they are the same variety. Comparing the SSR profiles of the Croatian cultivars with the profiles stored in a database containing about 300 European cultivars, further three pairs of synonyms were revealed: Teran Bijeli shares its genotype with the Italian cultivar Prosecco, Muskat Ruza Porecki corresponds to cv. Rosenmuskateller from North Italy and Moslavac is identical to the Hungarian variety Furmint. The microsatellite-based definitions of these synonyms are strongly supported by ampelographic observations. The genetic variability within the investigated Croatian cultivars was high with a genetic diversity of 75 %. A dendrogram based on allele sharing distances reflected neither common morphological features nor common geographic origins of the cultivars.
The predator-prey interaction between blue-bearded bee eaters (Nyctyornis athertoni Jardine and Selby 1830) and giant honeybees (Apis dorsata Fabricius 1798)

We investigated the interaction between raiding blue-bearded bee eaters (Nyctyornis athertoni) and counter-attacking bees in an aggregation of 50 giant honeybee ( Apis dorsata) colonies on a bee tree in Assam, India. We filmed two scenarios with an Arriflex camera at 150 frames per sec- ond: first, the bee eater passed parallel to a nest, threatening only the sunny side of the colony, and second, the bird passed a nest laterally in a perpendicular direction, eliciting release of a great num- ber of guard bees from both sides of the colony. In the first scenario, we assessed more than 700 bees in the mass release, comprising 2-3 per cent of colony members. We found the first evidence for inter- colonial group defence in Apis dorsata, which means that colonies or parts of them, which were not directly threatened, joined the defence action of the threatened colony. We discuss how unthreatened nests or parts of them can be challenged for mass release of guard bees.
Water ice growth around evolved stars. II. Modeling infrared spectra

We present combined radiative transfer and H2O ice formation calculations for the dusty envelopes of oxygen-rich evolved stars. We study the effects of various (circum-)stellar parameters on the spectral energy distribution of these stars, their infrared spectral water ice features at 3 µm and in the 30−100 µm region, and the properties of (water ice on) the grains in their envelopes. We also study the ice formation process as a function of stellar evolution for a star with an initial mass of 5 M� , which is followed during the AGB, post-AGB and planetary nebula (PN) phase. We find that its water ice features probe its evolution. Both crystalline and amorphous water ice form in our models. The 43 and 62 µm crystalline water ice features are most prominent during the post-AGB phase, and only modestly or not present during the AGB and PN phase, in agreement with observations. The strength of the 3, 43 and 62 µm water ice features decreases with decreasing initial mass of the star. The total amount of ice predicted (a few percent of the total dust mass) also agrees with observations, but the crystalline ice mass fraction is consistently about two orders of magnitude lower. This is mainly due to efficient amorphization by interstellar UV photons, and leads to weaker 43 and 62 µm crystalline water ice features than observed. The intensity of the interstellar UV radiation field strongly influences the strength of these features. We discuss several means to increase the crystalline water ice mass, and hence their strength. The strength of the features increases dramatically when the mass-loss rate over luminosity ratio of the star, u M/L, is large in the AGB phase. In case of the post-AGB star HD 161796 we demonstrate that this indeed leads to the correct crystalline ice mass fraction and feature strengths. Also, the formation of clumps in the AGB wind provides high densities to stimulate the formation of (crystalline) ice. For stars with high initial masses, it additionally provides sufficient shielding from interstellar UV radiation to keep ice crystalline during the post-AGB and PN phase. Axisymmetric mass loss on the AGB provides favorable conditions for the formation and preservation of water ice, and crystalline water ice in particular, as well. In contrast we find that post-AGB crystallization of AGB produced amorphous ice is unimportant for increasing the crystalline water ice mass around 5 M� stars.
Ethology assessment and detection of serum GPX-3 levels in rat model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress

Objective To investigate the ethological changes and detect the serum level of glutathione peroxidase (GPX-3) in a rat model of primary and recurrent depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Methods Rats were divided into four groups: group 1(normal feeding), group 2 (CUMS), group 3 (normal + saline + normal feeding) and group 4 (CUMS + fluoxetine + CUMS). The behavior of rats in the four groups was assessed by sucrose preference test and open field test. GPX-3 concentration in serum was measured by ELISA. Results A four-week of CUMS was successful in inducing a significant decrease in sucrose preference and locomotor activity in rats in treatment groups (group 2 and 4) in contrast with that of control groups (group 1 and 3) (P<0.01). After 3 weeks of fluoxetine treatment, no obvious difference was found in rats between the group 4 and group 3 in the degree of sucrose preference and locomotor activity. Subsequently, after the treated rats were re-exposed to CUMS for 4 weeks, a significant difference was found again in sucrose preference test (P<0.01) and open field test in comparison with control group (P<0.05). GPX-3 levels in the rats exposed and re-exposed to CUMS were significantly higher than those in control groups (P<0.01). Conclusions CUMS may induce depression-like symptoms in rats, and fluoxetine can alleviate the symptoms induced by CUMS. The increase in GPX-3 concentration may reduce the level of oxidative stress in depression-like rats exposed and re-exposed to CUMS, accordingly it plays a protective role in these rats.
A Complex Network Approach for the Analysis of Protein Units Similarity Using Structural Alphabet

In this paper we present a network approach based on the recent developed 3D-BLAST method of rapid protein structure search. We defined new local segments that represent structural feature of proteins named units of structural alphabet (USA). Each USA is composed of two protein secondary structures, and one loop located between these two secondary structures. We performed all-against-all structural comparison of USA and recognized the USA-based similarity network. The analytical result shows that the network with a power degree distribution is called scale free. These results not only suggest the existence of organizing principles in the local protein structure but also allow us to identify potential key fragments that could be useful for future new drug development and design.
Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Health in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities

approved:_____________________________________________________ Megan MacDonald Childhood obesity is an extensively research topic as it effects a large number of individuals and has serious consequences on those effected. Current statistics estimate roughly 17% of the youth population is now obese. However, the spread of these cases is not equally distributed. Certain populations are at increased risk for becoming obese or overweight, including certain ethnic groups, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and lastly, the focus of this research, children with developmental disabilities. Previous studies have showed children with developmental disabilities face increased rates of overweight and obesity compared to their peers without disabilities. Furthermore, additional research has highlighted the direct influence that parental factors, most prominently parental weight status, can have on typically developing children. However, little research has shown the effect that parental weight status has on the health of children with developmental disabilities. Because of the increased dependence on parents, it is possible that these effects are magnified in children with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this research is to strengthen findings from previous research correlating the health of parents and their children and to examine the influence that parental weight status has on the weight status of young children with a range of developmental disabilities. Significant correlations were observed between parent and child weight (p = 0.002) and child weight and household income (p = .03). When child overweight was indicated as the dependent variable, linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship with parent overweight (p=.001) after controlling for household income (p=.007) and gender of the child participant. These results corroborate what previous studies of typically developing children and their parents have found which is that increased parent weight status correlates with an observed increased weight status of their children. Due to the serious negative consequences that childhood obesity can have, early identification and subsequent intervention for children at increased risk for being overweight/ obese is imperative in decreasing the immediate and long term negative health consequences.