Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detección y caracterización de Escherichia coli

Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli from clinical cases and food in Uruguay. We have assessed the frequency of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in clinical and food samples as well as studied the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the recovered strains. One hundred ninety eight fecal samples from children with bloody diarrhea (BD), 14 from children with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 220 ground beef samples and 4 STEC isolates from other beef-derived products were analyzed. The STEC strains were isolated from 3 (1.5%) children with bloody diarrhea, 1 (7%) from a child with HUS and 4 (1.8%) from ground beef samples. All strains were eae and ehx positive. The serotypes found were: O157:H7 (9 strains), O26:H11 (2), O111: NM (1) and O145:HNT (1). All O157:H7 STEC strains harbored the eae subtype γ1, O26:H11 and O145:HNT strains, subtype β1 and O111:NM strain, subtype γ2/θ. The STEC strains of the same serogroup showed high genetic diversity. In Uruguay, STEC is not frequently isolated from cases of bloody diarrhea in children. However, all the recovered STEC strains carried the genes associated with severe disease and 2 out of 3 children infected with STEC developed HUS. Ground beef and other food products might be important vehicles for O157:H7 strains.
Study of different Trichoderma strains on growth characteristics and silymarin accumulation of milk thistle plant

Abstract Biological control involves the use of beneficial organisms such as Trichoderma that promote positive responses by the plant. Trichoderma species produce and/or release a variety of compounds, including cell wall degrading enzymes and secondary metabolites, which enhance root development, crop productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study examines the effects of the five Trichoderma strains (M7, KHB, G124-1, G46-3 and G46-7) on milk thistle including morphological characteristics and silymarin accumulation. This research indicated that treating milk thistle by M7 strain, significantly increased the highest branch length of plants, while strain KHB induced the production of silychristin, isosilybin and silymarin. Finally, strain G46-7 dramatically increased silydianin content in milk thistle plant. The findings suggested that certain Trichoderma strains are positive elicitors for promoting growth characteristics and silymarin accumulation in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Le diabète de type 1 : de l'identification d'un épitope autoantigénique crucial vers une approche thérapeutique ciblée

La caracterisation d'epitopes T CD8 est determinante pour mieux comprendre le role des lymphocytes T CD8 autoreactifs dans la pathogenie du diabete de type 1 (DT1) et devrait permettre de tester de nouvelles approches therapeutiques ciblees. Afin d'identifier des epitopes T CD8 relevant de l'autoantigene « Decarboxylase de l'Acide Glutamique » (GAD), nous avons administre a des souris NOD femelles, un plasmide codant pour la GAD65 (pc-GAD). L'immunisation plasmidique pc-GAD induit l'activation de lymphocytes T CD8 specifiques de l'epitope GAD 90-98 (p90). Ces lymphocytes sont de sous-type Tc1, secretant de l'IFNγ et du TNFa, cytokines tres souvent associees au developpement d'un diabete autoimmun. Spontanement, les souris NOD presentent une reaction lymphocytaire T CD8 Tc1 specifique de p90 tres precoce, des l'âge de 4 semaines. De plus, les lymphocytes T CD8 specifiques de p90 attaquent les cellules d'ilots pancreatiques in vitro et induisent un diabete chez la souris NOD scid. Enfin, nous presentons ici les premiers resultats de protocoles d'administration de p90 a des souris NOD. Une telle administration pourrait prevenir l'apparition de la maladie si elle est effectuee avant son activation spontannee.
Neural correlates of object and action naming practice

Word retrieval deficits are a common problem in patients with stroke-induced brain damage. While complete recovery of language in chronic aphasia is rare, patients’ naming ability can be significantly improved by speech therapy. A growing number of neuroimaging studies have tried to pinpoint the neural changes associated with successful outcome of naming treatment. However, the mechanisms supporting naming practice in the healthy brain have received little attention. Yet, understanding these mechanisms is crucial for teasing them apart from functional reorganization following brain damage. To address this issue, we trained a group of healthy monolingual Italian speakers on naming pictured objects and actions for ten consecutive days and scanned them before and after training. Although activity during object vs. action naming dissociated in several regions (lateral occipitotemporal, parietal and left inferior frontal cortices), training effects for the two word classes were similar and included activation decreases in classical language regions of the left hemisphere (posterior inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula), potentially due to decreased lexical selection demands. Additionally, MVPA revealed training-related activation changes in the left parietal and temporal cortices associated with the retrieval of knowledge from episodic memory (precuneus, angular gyrus) and facilitated access to phonological word forms (posterior superior temporal sulcus).
Strategies for mitigating burnout among early career doctors in Nigeria: lessons learnt from the qualitative CHARTING study

Abstract Background Early career doctors (ECDs) are faced with many challenges due to their transition from undergraduate medical/dental studentship to being postgraduate doctors and being in an early phase of their career. The specific factors that affect ECDs in their careers and endeavors at the workplace range from poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries, to psychosocial problems (such as burnout [BO] syndrome). There is a dearth of information on BO among ECDs in Nigeria. This qualitative study aims to explore the opinions of ECDs in Nigeria on the causal/predisposing factors of BO, effects of BO, and strategies for mitigating BO among ECDs in Nigeria. Method Using purposive sampling method, two sessions of focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 14 ECDs (key informants) holding key leadership positions and who were delegates of other ECDs in Nigeria were conducted to explore their experiences on psychological issues among ECDs. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results BO is an issue of serious concern among ECDs in Nigeria. The causes of BO are diverse, some of which include low staff strength, prolonged work hours, wrong counseling, lack of job description and specification, and abuse of powers by trainers. In order to mitigate the issue of BO among ECDs, the respondents recommended that work policy review, medical workforce strengthening, stakeholder dialog on ECDs’ welfare, regular psychological review of ECDs, and provision of free yearly medicals need to be looked into. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the participants considered BO issues among ECDs to be common, and it affected their performance and the overall quality of care in Nigeria health system. Based on our findings, there is an urgent need to mitigate the problem of emotional exhaustion among ECDs in Nigeria.
Effects of Hay Quality, Breed, and Ovarian Development on Onset of Puberty and Reproductive Performance of Beef Heifers

(.) This study was conducted to determine the influence of hay quality, breed, and ovarian development on the onset of puberty and reproductive performance of beef heifers. Fifty-one 3/4 Hereford × 1/4 Angus (HA, Bos taurus × Bos taurus) and 45 3/4 Hereford × 1/4 Brahman (HB, Bos taurus × Bos indicus) heifers received ad libitum either high quality (HQ; NDF=44.3%; CP=19.5%) or low quality (LQ; NDF=53.5%; CP=18.3%) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay and 3.0 lb ground sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) grain/head/d. Puberty was defined by three criteria: (i) behavioral estrus, (ii) presence of a palpable corpus luteum, and (iii) serum progesterone above 1 ng/ml (.)
Degradable silver‐based alloys

Noble metals solved in iron implants are effective cathodes, which can suit to accelerate the corrosion rate of the base material. In terms of its antibacterial behavior as well as lower costs in comparison with gold or platinum, silver seems to be an attractive candidate to adapt the corrosion rate of implants to the medical requirements. However, the degradation of silver in human bodies is a time‐consuming process, and is controversially discussed due to the unknown long‐term effect of silver on the human organism. Alloying silver with chemical elements less resistant to corrosion in aqueous mediums, particularly, in simulated body fluid, can improve the degradability of silver. Therefore, the current study addresses the design of adapted silver alloys exhibiting improved degradability in comparison with pure silver. Pure silver and binary silver alloys containing silicon, magnesium and calcium are studied in terms of their microstructure, open‐circuit potential and degradation rate.
Evaluations of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and other effects on a non target fish

Abstract A preliminary study was conducted to investigate the effects of the extracts of 112 medicinal plant species, collected from the southern part of Thailand, on Aedes aegypti. Studies on larvicidal properties of plant extracts against the fourth instar larvae revealed that extracts of 14 species showed evidence of larvicidal activity. Eight out of the 14 plant species showed 100% mosquito larvae mortality. The LC50 values were less than 100 μg/mL (4.1μg/mL‐89.4 μg/mL). Six plant species were comparatively more effective against the fourth instar larvae at very low concentrations. These extracts demonstrated no or very low toxicity to guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata), which was selected to represent most common non‐target organism found in habitats of Ae. aegypti, at concentrations active to mosquito larvae. Three medicinal plants with promising larvicidal activity, having LC50 and LC90 values being 4.1 and 16.4 μg/mL for Mammea siamensis, 20.2 and 34.7 μg/mL for Anethum graveolens and 67.4 and 110.3 μg/mL for Annona muricata, respectively, were used to study the impact of the extracts on the life cycle of Ae. aegypti. These plants affected pupal and adult mortality and also affected the reproductive potential of surviving adults by reducing the number of eggs laid and the percentage of egg hatchability. When each larval stage was treated with successive extracts at the LC50 value, the first instar larvae were found to be very susceptible to A. muricata and the second instar larvae were found to be susceptible to A. graveolens, while the third and fourth instar larvae were found to be susceptible to M. siamensis. These extracts delayed larval development and inhibited adult emergence and had no adverse effects on P. reticulata at LC50 and LC90 values, except for the M. siamensis extract at its LC50 value.
Rift Valley Fever: risk of persistence, spread and impact in Mayotte (France)

Abstract Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector‐borne disease transmitted by different mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals and humans. In November 2018, RVF re‐emerged in Mayotte (France) after 11 years. Up to the end of October 2019, 126 outbreaks in animals and 143 human cases were reported. RVF mortality was 0.01%, and the number of abortions reported in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive ruminants was fivefold greater than the previous 7 years. Milk loss production in 2019 compared to 2015–2018 was estimated to be 18%, corresponding to an economic loss of around €191,000 in all of Mayotte. The tropical climate in Mayotte provides conditions for the presence of mosquitoes during the whole year, and illegal introductions of animals represent a continuous risk of (re)introduction of RVF. The probability of RVF virus (RVFV) persisting in Mayotte for 5 or more years was estimated to be < 10% but could be much lower if vertical transmission in vectors does not occur. Persistence of RVF by vertical transmission in Mayotte and Réunion appears to be of minor relevance compared to other pathways of re‐introduction (i.e. animal movement). However, there is a high uncertainty since there is limited information about the vertical transmission of some of the major species of vectors of RVFV in Mayotte and Réunion. The only identified pathways for the risk of spread of RVF from Mayotte to other countries were by infected vectors transported in airplanes or by wind currents. For the former, the risk of introduction of RVF to continental France was estimated to 4 × 10−6 epidemic per year (median value; 95% CI: 2 × 10−8; 0.0007), and 0.001 epidemic per year to Réunion (95% CI: 4 × 10−6; 0.16). For the latter pathway, mosquitoes dispersing on the wind from Mayotte between January and April 2019 could have reached the Comoros Islands, Madagascar, Mozambique and, possibly, Tanzania. However, these countries are already endemic for RVF, and an incursion of RVFV‐infected mosquitoes would have negligible impact.
SUGAR ABSORPTION BY CHAETOMIUM GLOBOSUM

Summary The absorption of the sugars, glucose and fructose, by Chaetomium globosum does not involve an accumulation against an internal concentration but is associated with immediate assimilation. The process is sensitive to the presence of inhibitors, anaerobiosis, and to the concentration supplied. The relationship to concentration is hyperbolic and the half maximum rates occur at about 6–8 × 10-3 M for fructose and 9 × 10-5 M for glucose. Glucose and fructose compete for the uptake mechanism so that in mixed solutions when the glucose concentration is at about 13% of that of fructose the uptake of the latter is abolished. The uptake of carbohydrate from sucrose solutions is mainly an uptake of the hexose moeities released from sucrose. The amount of sucrose absorbed intact is very small. Sucrose is split by an enzyme system which appears to be located at or near the hyphal surface. It is relatively resistant to temperature and metabolic inhibitors and appears to be stimulated by alkali metal ions in solution.
Internistische Sonografie des Abdomens für Notaufnahmepatienten: Bietet eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie Vorteile?

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Sollten Notaufnahmepatienten mit bauchbezogenen Beschwerden einer fokussierten Sonografie zugeführt werden oder bietet eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie Vorteile? Methoden Retrospektive Analyse konsekutiver Notfallsonografien von 06/2012 bis 06/2013. Alle Patienten erhielten eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie. Die Befunde der vollständigen Sonografie wurden mit denjenigen verglichen, die eine auf die Beschwerden fokussierte Sonografie detektiert hätte, deren Untersuchungsgebiet von der jeweiligen Indikation abhing. Befunde wurden als relevant betrachtet, wenn sie zu diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Konsequenzen führten. Es wurden Sensitivität und negativ prädiktiver Wert der fokussierten Sonografie bezogen auf relevante Befunde und geklärte Fragestellungen im Vergleich zur Abdominalsonografie (= Standard) berechnet. Ergebnisse 629 Patienten erhielten Notfallsonografien (53 % Frauen). Das durchschnittliche Alter betrug 59 Jahre (18–97). Die fokussierte Sonografie entdeckte bei 63 % der Patienten (396/629) relevante Befunde. Bei 17 % (106/629) führte die vollständige Abdominalsonografie zu zusätzlichen relevanten Befunden. Die number needed to scan (NNScan) betrug 6 für einen zusätzlichen relevanten Befund. Die Sensitivität der fokussierten Sonografie bezüglich relevanter Befunde betrug 76 %, der negativ prädiktive Wert lag bei 64 %. Die Fragestellung konnte durch die fokussierte Sonografie in 57 % geklärt werden. Vollständige Sonografien klärten die Fragestellung in 63 %. Die NNScan lag bei 18. Die Klärung der Fragestellung hing von der Indikation ab (90 % bei Ikterus und 45 % bei Schmerzen im linken oberen Quadranten) und nahm mit dem Alter der Patienten zu (37 % in der zweiten und 85 % in der zehnten Dekade). Diskussion Vollständige Abdominalsonografien entdecken bei Notaufnahmepatienten mit bauchbezogenen Beschwerden mehr relevante Befunde und führen häufiger zu einer Klärung der Fragestellung als fokussierte Sonografien.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CANNABINOIDS IN INDIVIDUAL GLANDULAR TRICHOMES OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. (CANNABACEAE)

Cannabinoid levels of individual mature glandular trichomes from two clones and two strains of Cannabis sativa L. , which included both drug and fiber phenotypes, were investigated by gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. Capitate-stalked glands were selectively harvested from vein and nonvein areas of pistillate bracts while capitate-sessile glands were harvested from these areas of leaves. The qualitative cannabinoid profile characteristic of the strain or clone was maintained in the individual capitate-stalked glands while the quantitative cannabinoid profiles varied with each strain or clone and between vein and nonvein areas as well. Capitate-sessile glands were found to contain conspic­ uously lower levels of cannabinoids than capitate-stalked glands. This study emphasizes that glands of Cannabis represent a dynamic system within the cannabinoid synthesizing activities of this plant. GLANDULAR trichomes are prominent features on the shoot system of Cannabis saliva L. Sev­ eral studies using histochemical and analytical procedures
STOMATAL RESPONSES TO ILLUMINATION

1. Stomata have been found to respond to small changes in carbon dioxide concentration within the leaf, and movements due to illumination, temperature, leaf‐water content, or metabolic inhibitors can be explained, at least in part, by their affecting the internal carbon dioxide concentration. This is confirmed by the fact that effects of such factors can be reversed experimentally by flushing the leaf with air of an appropriate carbon dioxide content. We conclude that changes in carbon dioxide concentration set in motion reactions affecting guard cell turgor relations (see 8 below).
Evaluation of Mobile Dental Applications Using User Version Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS)

To access & cite this article Website: jidam.idamadras. com Address for correspondence: Dr Nijesh. J. E. , MDS. , Assoc Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai Email id: dr.j.e.nijesh@gmail.com Received – 17.01. 2020 Accepted – 18.02. 2020 Published – 27.03. 2020 PURPOSE: The use of mobile phone applications (Apps) has the potential to revolutionize the conventional practice of dentistry. There is a remarkable proliferation of mobile health apps in the field of dentistry which necessitates an urgent and reliable evaluation of the quality of these apps. The main objective of the article is to analyze the quality of dental apps using a reliable tool. METHOD: A systematic search was conducted on SamsungJ7 Prime and iPhone 7 using Google Play Store and App store respectively from June to August 2017 using the search terms “oral hygiene”, “tooth brushing”, oral health education”, ‘baby teeth care”. After due application of a predetermined selection criteria, twenty dental apps were randomly selected using computer software (www.randomizer.com). Each app was individually assessed and rated (1inadequate, 2poor, 3acceptable, 4good, 5excellent) according to a prevalidated user version of Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS). RESULT: The rating of dental apps used in this study ranged from 1.08/5 to 3.25/5. According to the objective criteria of uMARS, apps such as Brush DJ and Brush Up were found acceptable. Teeth Care Tips, Dental Surgery Simulator, Dental Expert and UC Dental were scored acceptable along with the former two apps under subjective criteria. CONCLUSION: No apps scored good or excellent as per the uMARS criteria. As advances in technology have promoted the use of smart devices in health promotion and practices medical or dental apps must not only be informative and entertaining but also be evidence based and scientifically rated.
A novel landscape of nuclear human CDK2 substrates revealed by in situ phosphorylation

A key cell cycle kinase targets novel landscape of substrates, including proteins that regulate chromatin and gene expression. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) controls cell division and is central to oncogenic signaling. We used an “in situ” approach to identify CDK2 substrates within nuclei isolated from cells expressing CDK2 engineered to use adenosine 5′-triphosphate analogs. We identified 117 candidate substrates, ~40% of which are known CDK substrates. Previously unknown candidates were validated to be CDK2 substrates, including LSD1, DOT1L, and Rad54. The identification of many chromatin-associated proteins may have been facilitated by labeling conditions that preserved nuclear architecture and physiologic CDK2 regulation by endogenous cyclins. Candidate substrates include proteins that regulate histone modifications, chromatin, transcription, and RNA/DNA metabolism. Many of these proteins also coexist in multi-protein complexes, including epigenetic regulators, that may provide new links between cell division and other cellular processes mediated by CDK2. In situ phosphorylation thus revealed candidate substrates with a high validation rate and should be readily applicable to other nuclear kinases.
Frequency and duration of contacts between free-ranging raccoons: uncovering a hidden social system

Abstract Raccoons (Procyon lotor), like most carnivores, are nocturnal and secretive and consequently difficult to observe. We used proximity-detecting collars to determine effects of sex, age, and season on contact rate and duration; document patterns of seasonal contact rates by dyad type and determine whether patterns were random; identify dyads that exhibited contact rates significantly greater than expected and document the persistence of these positive associations across seasons; and document frequency of den sharing as an additional measure of positive associations at an urban study site with a high-density raccoon population. Contact rate and duration were affected by dyad type, season, and their interaction. Male–male (MM) dyads exhibited higher contact values than male–female (MF) or female–female (FF) dyads, and contact parameters were greater during winter and spring than summer and autumn. Contact parameters for MM and FF dyads were not affected by age of dyad members, whereas those of MF dyads were affected by age and its interaction with season. MF dyads with older individuals exhibited greater contact parameters, and this effect was greatest during winter. For all dyad types and seasons, except FF dyads during winter, observed distributions of contact rates differed from expected. Males formed groups, with most positively associated dyads persisting across seasons, and females were associated almost exclusively with members of only 1 male group. Some positively associated MF dyads occurred during autumn and continued through spring. Positively associated FF dyads occurred at a lower rate and were ephemeral, seldom lasting more than 1 season. FF and MF dyads exhibited a greater proportion of low-frequency contacts with conspecifics than expected during all seasons, except winter, which may function to maintain amicable relationships between neighbors or reinforce dominance hierarchies and create a framework for more complex social behaviors. Raccoons appear to live in a fission–fusion society, with many short-term acquaintances and a few long-term associations.