Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Takayasu arteritis

The authors reported a retrospective study describing Takayasu arteritis (TA) in central Norway during the period 1988–2002. Eleven patients, all of Norwegian origin, were included. The annual incidence rate was estimated to be 2.7 per million. Rodevand et al concluded that ‘incidence of TA is similar to those reported in other studies’ (sic). TA is a chronic vasculitis of unknown aetiology that affects large vessels, predominantly the aorta and its main branches. Adolescent girls and women in the second and third decades of life are at high risk for TA, which is most commonly seen in Japan, Southeast Asia, India and Mexico (2). In North America the annual incidence was estimated to be 2.6 cases per million people in one isolated study (3). TA is rare in Europe, probably because studies of overall frequency are lacking. Therefore, the scant number of studies reporting the frequency of TA makes it almost impossible to compare rates. However, 3 years ago Rodevand, Skomsvoll and co-workers published a study of a series of six patients with TA from the same area, over the same period 1988– 2000 (4). The estimated annual incidence then was 0.8 per million. They interpreted this rate as ‘‘TA is a rare disease in our region with a lower incidence than reported in literature’’ (sic). Here an obvious contradiction appears between their studies because the number of patients is not doubled (going from 6 to 11) while the incidence was estimated to have more than tripled (from 0.8 to 2.7). So rates and conclusions are questionable.
Langage et épilepsie à pointes centro-temporales : déficits et séquelles

L'objectif de ce travail etait d'etudier les consequences de l'epilepsie a pointes centro-temporales (EPCT) sur le developpement du langage, chez 27 sujets âges de 7 a 16 ans. Il apparait que la prevalence de troubles du langage dans l’EPCT est significativement plus importante que celle observee dans une population ordinaire, et l'analyse longitudinale demontre l'existence de sequelles. Les deficits affectaient la phonologie, le langage ecrit et la morphosyntaxe. Les difficultes morphosyntaxiques, axe de cette these, etaient caracterisees par l'evitement des structures identifiees comme complexes en francais par la theorie syntaxique (clitiques objet 3p, subordonnees relatives) et par l’occurrence plus frequente d'erreurs morphosyntaxiques dans des contextes syntaxiques complexes. Ces resultats soutiennent l'hypothese d'une immaturite/d'un deficit des systemes de performance. L'existence d'un dysfonctionnement du reseau fronto-temporal est une hypothese complementaire a explorer.
Study of the Adhesion of Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus on an Abiotic Surface Using the Biofilm Ring Test

Four methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and 4 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains of Staphylococcus aureus were collected and isolated at the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Provincial General Reference Hospital of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The microbial adhesion to solvents (MATS) test showed that the MRSA strains had a less hydrophobic membrane than the MSSA strains. Using the Biofilm Ring Test? (BFRT? ) to investigate on the adhesion of these bacterial strains to smooth surfaces, we observed that the MSSA strains adhered more rapidly than the MRSA strains. The biomass of the produced biofilm measured by the Crystal violet staining method (CVSM) was more important with MSSA than with MRSA strains. Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) inhibited the adhesion and the formation of a biofilm by MRSA strains; this inhibition was reversed by calcium, magnesium and manganese. The MRSA strains adhered less to silicon tubing and the adhesion was inhibited by EGTA in 2 of the 4 MRSA strains and none of the MSSA strains. In conclusion, the MSSA and MRSA strains adhered on an abiotic surface and formed a biofilm at distinct rates and with different sensitivities to ions. The results also confirm the utility as well as the limits of the BFRT? to study the adhesion of bacteria on a surface.
Two Cancers in One: Breast Carcinoma with Underlying Melanoma

A 61-year-old woman presented with a diagnosis of metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the right breast, and after treatment it had regressed or was stable except for a scalp nodule. When biopsied, the outer edges of the scalp lesion had findings consistent with breast carcinoma; however, the bulk of the tumor's pathology was consistent with melanoma. It appeared that most of the tumor was a highly vascularized melanoma with lobular breast carcinoma noted at its edges.
Solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of hexanal in hazelnuts as an indicator of the interaction of active packaging materials with food aroma compounds

Fatty foods are susceptible to lipid oxidation resulting in deterioration of product quality due to the generation of off-flavours. Hexanal is a good indicator of rancidity. Therefore, a method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection was developed to determine hexanal formation in hazelnuts during storage. Optimum conditions were as follows: carboxen–polydimethylsiloxane 75 µm fibre, extraction time 10 min, equilibrium time 10 min and equilibrium temperature 60°C. The effect of oxygen scavengers on the oxidation process was also evaluated by measuring hexanal formation in hazelnuts stored with/without oxygen absorber sachets. Oxygen scavengers were shown to reduce oxidation; however, analysis of the sachet revealed that other volatile compounds from the headspace were also absorbed.
L1CAM in human cancer

L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is one of the first neural adhesion molecules described with important functions in the development of the nervous system. Subsequent work discovered that L1CAM is expressed in many human cancers and is often associated with bad prognosis. This is most likely due to the motility and invasion promoting function of L1CAM. Here, we describe the path L1CAM has taken from a neural adhesion molecule to a recognized tumor antigen. We summarize the literature on L1CAM expression in cancers and pre‐cancerous lesions. We focus on the genetic elements required for its re‐expression and highlight preclinical studies for targeted therapy. The data suggest that L1CAM is a valuable diagnostic/prognostic marker and an attractive target for the therapy of several human cancers.
On-Chip ESD Protection Design for Automotive Vacuum-Fluorescent-Display (VFD) Driver IC to Sustain High ESD Stress

A new electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure of high-voltage p-type silicon-controlled rectifier (HVPSCR) that is embedded into a high-voltage p-channel MOS (HVPMOS) device is proposed to greatly improve the ESD robustness of the vacuum-fluorescent-display (VFD) driver IC for automotive electronics applications. By only adding the additional n+ diffusion into the drain region of HVPMOS, the transmission-line-pulsing-measured secondary breakdown current of the output driver has been greatly improved to be greater than 6 A in a 0.5- mum high-voltage complementary MOS process. Such ESD-enhanced VFD driver IC, which can sustain human-body-model ESD stress of up to 8 kV, has been in mass production for automotive applications in cars without the latchup problem. Moreover, with device widths of 500, 600, and 800 mum, the machine-model ESD levels of the HVPSCR are as high as 1100,1300, and 1900 V, respectively.
Estimation de la posture humaine par capteur RGB-D

Dans le contexte du vieillissement de la population, le probleme de la chute est un probleme de sante publique. L’utilisation de la technologie est un axe important pour la prise en compte des enjeux lies a la chute. Nous voulons developper un systeme complet de detection et d’estimation de la chute a destination des maison de retraites et des particuliers dans un but d’amelioration de la prise en charge medicale et de limitation des consequences de la chute. La solution de detection a l’aide d’un capteur ambiant deporte nous a semble etre la solution la plus adaptee. Les capteurs RGB-D (couleurs + profondeur) developpes recemment sont un atout pour cela car ils sont peu chers, tres commun et performants. La premiere partie de la these traite du probleme de segmentation de la silhouette de la personne dans la scene observee. Nous presentons un algorithme qui fourni, grâce a une utilisation conjointe des images de couleurs et de profondeur, les silhouettes des differents personnes dans la piece dans laquelle est situe le capteur. L’algorithme est robuste au changement de configuration de la piece et notamment au deplacement d’objets. L’utilisation de caracteristiques propres a la profondeur nous permet d’atteindre des niveaux de performances suffisant pour une utilisation industrielle. Dans la seconde partie de la these nous abordons le probleme de l’estimation de la posture humaine. Une fois les silhouettes segmentees grâce a l’algorithme de la premiere partie, nous voulons avoir les positions des articulations de la personne. Nous incrementons sur les algorithmes deja existants utilisant l’apprentissage et notamment les algorithmes des randoms forests en investiguant de nouvelles idees pour augmenter les performances. Nous determinons les valeurs optimales de certains parametres qui ne sont pas explores dans les travaux precedents. Nous presentons un nouveau type de caracteristique a calculer sur les images de profondeur. Nous examinons enfin l’impact de l’equilibrage de la collection d’apprentissage dans notre contexte. L’algorithme fourni alors un ensemble de prediction pour chaque articulation. Dans la troisieme partie, nous traitons le probleme du filtrage spatio-temporel des poses. Nous presentons differentes approches et nous interessons a l’ambiguite droite/gauche des membres et cherchons a traiter ce probleme. Les approches utilisees se fonde sur le filtrage bayesien.
A 1.9-GHz Triple-Mode Class-E Power Amplifier for a Polar Transmitter

A 1.9-GHz CMOS power amplifier for polar transmitters was implemented with a 0.25-mum radio frequency CMOS process. All the matching components, including the input and output transformers, were fully integrated. The concepts of mode locking and adaptive load were applied in order to increase the efficiency and dynamic range of the amplifier. The amplifier achieved a drain efficiency of 33% at a maximum output power of 28dBm. The measured dynamic range was 34dB for a supply voltage that ranged from 0.7 to 3.3V. The measured improvement of the low power efficiency was 140% at an output power of 16dBm
Immune responses induced by intramuscular or gene gun injection of protective deoxyribonucleic acid vaccines that express the circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium berghei malaria parasites.

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a target for effector Ab and cell mediated immunity against malaria parasites; DNA vaccination can induce both types of effector response. The immunogenicity and efficacy of two DNA plasmids expressing different amounts of Plasmodium berghei CSP were evaluated by immunizing BALB/c mice i.m. or epidermally and by varying the number of immunizations (one to three doses) and the interval between immunizations. Expanding the interval gave the strongest effect, increasing efficacy and antibody boosting, and, in the case of epidermal vaccination, promoting a switch in CSP-specific IgG isotypes from IgG1 to a balance with IgG2a. The strongest humoral immune response and the greatest level of protection were induced by vaccinating epidermally with high expresser plasmid, using a gene gun to administer three doses at 6-wk intervals. For this group, the mean, repeat-specific, prechallenge antibody titer among mice not infected after challenge was significantly higher than that in infected mice, but the mean prechallenge titers for antibody reactive with whole sporozoites were not significantly different. The interval-dependent induction of IgG2a antibodies by epidermal vaccination contradicts the widely held belief that antibody responses induced by this method are restricted to those that are Th2 dependent.
Semantics of Relational Views

To translate a complete set, we define a mapping called a “translator,” that associates with each view update a unique database update called a “translation. ” The constraint on a translation is to take the database to a state mapping onto the updated view. The constraint on the translator is to be a morphism. We propose a method for defining translators. Together with the user-defined view, we define a “complementary” view such that the database could be computed from the view and its complement. We show that a view can have many different complements and that the choice of a complement determines an update policy. Thus, we fix a view complement and we define the translation of a given view update in such a way that the complement remains invariant (“translation under constant complemen$‘). The main result of the paper states that, given a complete set U of view updates, U has a translator if and only if U is translatable under constant complement.
Escaping the Conceptual Analysis Straitjacket: Pathological Mechanisms and Canguilhem’s Biological Philosophy

This essay discusses four key criticisms recently leveled against the main attempts to use conceptual analysis to understand health and disease. First, it examines the weaknesses of these attempts and suggests a better way to proceed. Next, it briefly discusses another disease debate concerning pathological mechanisms and suggests that this approach could be more fruitful than that of conceptual analysis. The final section demonstrates how Georges Canguilhem’s (1904–1995) biological philosophy of disease avoids some of the problems associated with conceptual analysis, and how he can contribute to both debates. Canguilhem’s appeal to biological normativity is understood as contributing to a theoretical explanation, and a possible naturalization, of what is specific to healthy and pathological phenomena.
Antinociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects of bis(4-methylbenzoyl) diselenide in mice: Evidence for the mechanism of action

Abstract Context: The organoselenium compounds have been described to demonstrate several biological activities, including pain management. Objective: This study investigated the antinociceptive, hyperalgesic, and toxic effects of oral administration of bis(4-methylbenzoyl) diselenide (BMD) in mice. Materials and methods: The antinociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects of BMD (1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated using models of nociception: formalin, capsaicin, bradykinin (BK), cinnamaldehyde, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), 8-bromo-cAM, and glutamate-induced nociception; and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan (Cg) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The acute toxicity was evaluated by biochemical markers for hepatic and renal damages. Results: BMD significantly inhibited the licking time of the injected paw in the early and late phases of a formalin test with ED50 values of 14.2 and 10.8 mg/kg, respectively. This compound reduced nociception produced by capsaicin (ED50 of 32.5 mg/kg), BK (ED50 of 24.6 mg/kg), glutamate (ED50 of 28.7 mg/kg), cinnamaldehyde (ED50 of 18.9 mg/kg), PMA (ED50 of 9.6 mg/kg), and 8-bromo-cAMP (ED50 of 24.8 mg/kg). In the glutamate test, the pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) precursor, l-arginine, reversed antinociception caused by BMD or Nω-nitro-l-arginine (L-NOARG), but the effect of BMD was not abolished by naloxone. Mechanical hyperalgesia induced by Cg and CFA was attenuated by BMD, 70 ± 4% and 65 ± 4%, respectively. Furthermore, a single oral dose of BMD did not change plasma aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities or urea and creatinine levels. Conclusion: BMD demonstrated as a promising compound because of the antinociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic properties in mice.
Detección y mitigación de anomalías en un firewall de red

Para alcanzar la resiliencia en redes de telecomunicaciones es necesario el planteamiento de metodologias que persigan este objetivo desde cada una de las etapas y dispositivos de la red, proporcionando la capacidad de seguir operando a niveles aceptables de servicio ante la ocurrencia de eventos infortunados que comprometen su correcto funcionamiento. El Firewall de red es uno de los dispositivos mas importantes dentro del esquema de seguridad y proteccion de una red; es concebido como la primera linea de defensa del sistema, jugando un rol crucial al proteger la red de los flujos de trafico que ingresan. El Firewall es por tanto el blanco de ataques maliciosos que buscan doblegar su capacidad de filtrar trafico; de lograr la salida de operacion de este servicio, la red estaria a merced de nuevos ataques con consecuencias que pueden llegar a ser devastadoras. En consecuencia, es necesario el planteamiento de metodologias que provean la capacidad de sobreponerse a este tipo de eventos manteniendo niveles minimos de operacion, resiliencia. En este trabajo se propone una metodologia de dos etapas. En primer lugar, la deteccion temprana de anomalias en los niveles de utilizacion de los recursos computacionales del Firewall, ocasionadas quiza, por ataques DoS que apuntan a las ultimas reglas del mecanismo de seguridad del Firewall, a fin de generar la saturacion de los recursos computacionales hasta colapsar el servicio. Tal deteccion se da mediante el monitoreo en tiempo real del nivel de utilizacion de la \cpu; de superar un umbral definido, se lanza una alarma que informa de la ocurrencia del evento. Para definir el umbral, se derivo un modelo teorico para el estudio de rendimiento del sistema en diferentes escenarios, haciendo posible una clasificacion de comportamiento normal o atipico en la utilizacion de recursos. La segunda etapa consiste en la mitigacion o remediacion de las anomalias. Se desarrollo un algoritmo de planificacion del orden de interrogacion de las reglas del Firewall. El problema fue formulado como un programa entero binario sobre un grafo bipartito entre el conjunto de reglas, y una entidad definida en el marco de este proyecto denominada los estados de servicio. Se trata de una particularizacion del problema Maximum Weight Match; dada la complejidad computacional de este problema, se plantea un algoritmo para la obtencion de una solucion aproximada mediante la adaptacion del Greedy Maximal Match Scheduling. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que bajo la influencia de un ataque DoS, se logra mitigar las posibles anomalias en la utilizacion de la CPU, retornando rapidamente a valores de comportamiento normal, y garantizando la operabilidad del sistema incluso ante la presencia de eventos infortunados.
Structural Mechanism for Statin Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase

HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A) reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Statins are HMGR inhibitors with inhibition constant values in the nanomolar range that effectively lower serum cholesterol levels and are widely prescribed in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We have determined structures of the catalytic portion of human HMGR complexed with six different statins. The statins occupy a portion of the binding site of HMG-CoA, thus blocking access of this substrate to the active site. Near the carboxyl terminus of HMGR, several catalytically relevant residues are disordered in the enzyme-statin complexes. If these residues were not flexible, they would sterically hinder statin binding.
Greek allomorphy : an optimality account

L'A. analyse un certain nombre de cas d'allomorphie dans la suffixation impliquant des nominalisations, des adjectifs denominaux, des nominaux agent deverbaux et certains vocatifs en grec moderne standard. Toutes ces categories entrainent des allomorphes dont la distribution depend de proprietes prosodiques de la base (son nombre de syllabes ou son schema accentuel). A travers la theorie de l'optimalite, l'A. formalise les contraintes exigees pour garantir le choix du membre optimal de chaque ensemble de structures possibles assignables a chaque concatenation radical + affixe-allomorphe et montre notamment que le choix entre les allomorphes peut etre fait par les exigences de la prosodie
Parallel-Snake with Balloon Force for Lane Detection

SUMMARY Lane detection plays an important role in Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicle System. In this paper, we pro-pose a parallel-snake model combined with balloon force for lane detection. Parallel-snake is deﬁned as two open active contours with parallel constrain. The lane boundaries on the left and right sides are assumed as parallel curves, parallel-snake is deformed to estimate these two boundaries. As lane regions between left and right boundaries usually have low gradient, snake will lose external force on these regions. Furthermore, inspired by balloon active contour model, the balloon force is introduced into parallel-snake to expand two parallel curves from center of road to the left and right lane boundaries. Di ﬀ erent from closed active contour, stretching force is adopted to prevent the head and tail of snake from converging together. The experimental results on three di ﬀ erent datasets show that parallel-snake model can work well on images with shadows and handle the lane with broken boundaries as the parallel property.
Kindling Induces Transient Changes in Neuronal Expression of Somatostatin, Neuropeptide Y, and Calbindin in Adult Rat Hippocampus and Fascia Dentata

Summary: Fully hippocampus‐kindled rats were examined 1 day and 1 month after the last stimulation for changes in somatostatin (SS)‐, neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐, and calbindin (CaBP)‐immunoreactivity (ir) and SS‐ and NPY‐mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH). One day after the last stimulation, there was marked, bilateral increase in SS‐ and NPY‐ir in the outer part of the dentate molecular layer. The cell bodies of dentate hilar SS‐ and NPY‐containing neurons, known to project to this area, also appeared to display increased immunoreactivity as well as an increased ISH signal for SS and NPY mRNA. Bilateral de novo expression of NPY‐ir in dentate mossy fiber projection to dentate hilus and CA3 was also evident, but we noted no corresponding NPY‐mRNA signal in the parent cell bodies, the dentate granule cells. After 1 month, the levels of NPY‐ir and ISH signal appeared essentially normal. In contrast, the levels of SS apparently were decreased, although not yet normal. CaBP‐ir was markedly and selectively reduced in dentate granule cell bodies, dendrites, and mossy fibers 1 day after the last stimulation, but after I month CaBP‐ir appeared essentially normal. Because kindling, once established, is a permanent phenomenon, the observed transient changes in SS, NPY, and CaBP in specific hippocampal terminal fields and neuronal populations cannot be associated specifically with kindling. Rather, they relate to the repeated high‐frequency stimulations and may serve as protective measures against deleterious effects of such stimulations.
A Simple Algorithm for Computing the Global Crystal Basis of an Irreducible Uq(sln)-Module

We describe a simple algorithm for computing Kashiwara's global crystal basis of a finite-dimensional irreducible representation of Uq(sln). Resume: Nous decrivons un algorithme simple pour calculer la base cristalline globale de Kashiwara d'une representation irreductible de dimension finie de Uq(sln).