Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Preoperative Scoring System to Predict Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Nepalese Perspective

Introduction: Preoperative prediction of the factors leading to difficulty or conversion in cholecystectomy could help plan the surgical strategies and possible outcomes beforehand. The present study aimed to predict and analyze risk factors using a scoring system deemed responsible for surgical difficulties in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Methods: This hospital based prospective study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Various factors considered preoperatively were gender, age, previous history of hospitalization, impacted stone, obesity, gall bladder wall thickness, pericholecystic collection, previous abdominal scar and palpable gall bladder. Results: Among 177 cases operated, the mean age ±SD of the patients was 47.72±17.54 years. Conversion rate was 7.9 %. At preoperative score of 5; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 89.40% (CI: 83.36%-93.82%), 69.23% (CI: 48.21 %-85.67%), 94.41%(CI: 90.44%-96.79%) and 52.94% (CI: 39.85%-65.64%) respectively{Area under curve– 0.74, p=0.0001, CI (0.637-0.846)}. Multivariate analysis showed abdominal scar {p=0.02, OR (CI): 5.2 (1.2-21.8)}, previous hospitalization {p=0.001, OR(CI): 6.8(2.2-20.8)} and thickened gall bladder wall {p= 0.03, OR(CI): 3.6(1.1-11.5)} to be statistically significant risk factors. Conclusion: With possible prediction beforehand, high risk group of patients can be identified and dealt accordingly to generate good surgical outcome avoiding complications.
Characterization of HSCs in zebrafish using label-retaining strategy

The external development and transparent property of zebrafish embryos enable us to directly visualize and trace fluorescence-labeled cells in vivo during early embryonic development. In this study, we proposed to identify and characterize HSCs using a label-retaining strategy, a method which is well characterized in defining niche and functional analysis of epithelial stem cells. This method is based on slow cell cycling and relative quiescent state of stem cells, resulting in retaining a specific transient labeling for a longer time, compared to other progenitor cells. Inducible CreER/lox recombination system is introduced into this celllabeling and tracing study, achieving to provide a transient genetic labeling manner. First, two transgenic zebrafish lines are generated, one is PAC-scl-CreER in which CreER expression is controlled by scl promoter with all its regulatory elements harbored in this PAC construct, and the other is a transgenic reporter fish, termed as ef1α-loxP-dsRed-SV40-loxP-eGFPSV40. Before Cre/lox recombination, the transgenic reporter fish will only express dsRed and cells are only labeled by dsRed, and further it will transit to express eGFP upon Cre treatment. By mating reporter fish with PAC-scl-CreER transgenic fish, Cre/lox recombination can be specifically induced in SCL-positive cells upon 4-OH-tamoxifen treatment at different time points. Therefore, dsRed gene is deleted in SCL-positive cells and they will change to express eGFP, attaining a transient labeling method by existed dsRed. Conformed to principle of label-retaining study, we can achieve to divide cells into three different pools according to presence of eGFP and dsRed: SCL-negative cells with only dsRed expression; SCL-positive progenitor and mature hematopoietic cells with newly expressed eGFP in which dsRed is rapidly diluted and degraded owing to replication and differentiation, and the last SCL-positive label-retaining hematopoietic stem cells (LR-HSCs) with retained dsRed owing to slow cell cycling and relative quiescent state which will collectively represent as both eGFP and dsRed positive under fluorescence microscope. Through this scheme, we can attain to resolve HSCs from other hematopoietic progenitor cells, which can further facilitate to evaluate and monitor the behavior of HSCs in vivo using time-lapsed live imaging technique.
Derecho laboral y la administración de recursos humanos

Uno de los aspectos más importantes de todo trabajador es el cuidado de sus derechos, a lo largo de los años México ha sido uno de los tantos países donde existe una legislación para el cuidado de sus trabajadores, misma que ha sufrido modificaciones con el único propósito de procurar el bienestar y reconocimiento de figuras como la mujer o profesionistas que están en busca de trabajo. El desarrollo de la obra elegida permitirá dar al lector una visión completa de los avances en materia de legislación laboral que se han dado en el país, centrándose en la reforma del 2012.
Neuroprotective effect of Umbelliferone against Cerebral ischemia/Reperfusion induced neurological deficits: in-vivo and in-silico studies

Abstract Inflammatory pathway is the significant marker of neuro-inflammation and plays a significant role in the expansion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Umbelliferone (UF), 7-hydroxy coumarin, has been already proved for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects against ischemic brain injury in the rodent model, but its underlying pharmacological mechanism for neuro-protection remain unclear. In this study, we try to explore the neuro-protective effect of umbelliferone against ischemia/Reperfusion induced neurological deficits in rats and explore the underlying mechanism. Inserting thread into the middle cerebral artery was used to induce the ischemic stroke model. The rats were treated with the umbelliferone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) for 14 days prior to the ischemic stroke. At the end of the experimental study, brain infarction volume, neurological score, brain edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediator were estimated in the region of brain and serum. The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Fas and FasL were also estimated at the end of the study. Dose dependently treatment of umbelliferone down-regulated the neurological score, brain infarction, inflammatory mediator (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, NF-kB and PGE2) in the serum and brain tissue as compared to I/R induced control group rats. Umbelliferone also reduced the expression of TRL4, MyD88, Fas and FasL as compared to I/R control group rats. Umbelliferone also decreased the level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) compared to MACO control group rats. Collectively, the obtained result showed that the umbelliferone protected the brain against the ischemic injury in the rats through the inhibition of inflammatory pathway. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Gliding into diapause: early embryo development in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

During mammalian diapause, the embryo is arrested at the blastocyst stage. In diapausing carnivores and marsupials, growth arrest of the blastocyst is coincident with a quiescent corpus luteum (CL). In the roe deer, progesterone is produced throughout diapause and the blastocyst exhibits very slow growth. To date, early roe deer embryos of known age have not been described. Therefore, it is not known at which stage and at what pace the roe deer embryo enters diapause. To collect multiple embryos of known gestational age, we performed cycle synchronization and superovulation in captive roe deer prior to artificial insemination (AI) and natural breeding (NB), respectively. Superovulatory responses were evaluated based on ultrasonographic detection of CL formation on the day of in vivo embryo flushing and on plasma progesterone (P4) analysis. In total, 33 superovulation treatments resulted in 6.6  2.2 (mean  SD) CL per doe on the day of embryo flushing. At days 6 and 7 after AI, 37 multicellular embryos up to the morula stage were retrieved from 8 does. At day 12 and 13 after natural breeding, 28 embryos, mainly at the blastocyst stage (n=20), were collected from 7 does. Multiple embryos could be collected from single animals, proving the feasibility of superovulation in this species. Compared to other diapausing and non-diapausing species where blastocysts have formed at days 6 – 8, roe deer embryo development appeared to be already decelerated prior to the blastocyst stage. The roe deer might therefore be well suited as a model to investigate mechanisms regulating embryonic growth velocity with respect to cell cycle control.
An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia.

SUMMARY The frequency and incidence of A. flavus and A. niger on barley, maize, soybean, sunflower and wheat grain, the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moths and their interaction depending on weather conditions in the 2008-2012 period were studied. Under the agroecological conditions of Serbia, the species A. niger is more frequent than A. flavus, and concerning the crop species, its frequency is highest in kernels of sunflower, than soybean, maize, barley and wheat. A. flavus was extremely dominant on all plant species in 2012 regarding its frequency: 100% on soybean, 95.3% on maize, 65.2% on barley, 57.1% on sunflower and 45.8% on wheat. Furthermore, the incidence of A. flavus was higher in 2012 than in previous years. The uncommonly high frequency and incidence of A. flavus infestation of maize grain in 2012 were caused by extremely stressful agrometeorological conditions, high temperatures and drought over the period from flowering to waxy maturity of maize. The precipitation factor (Pf = precipitation sum / average monthly temperature) showed that 2012 was extremely arid in June (Pf = 0.57), July (Pf = 1.45), August (Pf = 0.15) and September (Pf = 1.42). European corn borer (ECB) was a second factor causing intensive occurrence of A. flavus on maize grain in 2012. The maximum flight of ECB moths was recorded as early as in July (5,149) and, as a result of this, high damage and numerous injuries were detected at harvest. Those injuries were covered by visible olive-green powdery colonies typical of A. flavus. In the chronology of A. flavus occurrence, these are the first data on its very high frequency and incidence under the agroecological conditions of Serbia. As intensive infections with A. flavus were rare in the past 50 years, the level of aflatoxins in maize grain was low.
ATE-SPD: simultaneous extraction of aspect-term and aspect sentiment polarity using Bi-LSTM-CRF neural network

ABSTRACT Aspect-based sentiment analysis is one of the challenging problems among the various type of tasks in sentiment analysis. Sequential models specifically deep neural networks (like Recurrent Neural Networks) have been found to handle this problem in an efficient way. This paper presents a deep neural network model named ATE-SPD for aspect-based sentiment analysis that simultaneously extracts aspect-terms and their corresponding polarities in review sentences. This problem can be solved as a sequence labelling problem. We are using Bi-LSTM hybridised with CRF as both of these approaches are state-of-the-art approaches for sequence labelling tasks. It was observed that CRF is able to improve the performance of the traditional Bi-LSTM model. Another important contribution of this paper is that it provides a novel set of sequential tags for extracting aspect-terms along with their sentiment polarities. Aspect-terms and their polarities are determined without explicitly labelling the sentiment terms. The ATE-SPD is evaluated using a benchmark dataset of SemEval’14-Task4 and obtains state-of-the-art performance.
Fear the Shadows of the Giants: On Secular Perturbations in Circumstellar Habitable Zones of Double Stars

After the detection of extrasolar planets in binary- and multiple-star systems, questions arose about their dynamics and habitability. In this study we investigate a five-dimensional parameter space for wide binary stars with a massive planet beyond the habitable zone (HZ). Our aim is to reveal those orbital and physical parameter combinations that expose bodies in the primary star’s HZ to secular perturbations. Building on an established semianalytical model, we combine two separate analytical models into a new one to treat the restricted four-body problem. We apply this new Combined Analytical Model (CAM) to different synthetic systems and systematically map the occurrence of secular resonances (SRs). These maps are then visualized as two-dimensional sections of the parameter space. The CAM model has a median error below 3% relative to numerical reference simulations. We also derive a simplified CAM that performs well for hierarchical systems with moderate to large separations between the bodies. Our results show that SRs appear in the HZ even for large secondary-star distances (up to >1000 au) if either (i) the planet’s distance is larger than Jupiter’s or (ii) its mass is about Saturn’s or lower. Changes in the secondary star’s eccentricity by stellar flybys or galactic tides can push a formerly dynamically quiet HZ to a high-eccentricity state. Based on these results, we provide the easy-to-use online tool “SHaDoS” that evaluates the CAM for a given user input and traces the locations of SRs in the HZ in two-dimensional parameter space plots.
Evaluation of Loopamp Assay for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Cambodia

The Loopamp™ MTBC kit (TB-LAMP) is recommended by WHO for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in low-income countries with a still low drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) rate. This study is aimed at testing its feasibility in Cambodia on sputa collected from presumptive tuberculosis patients. 499 samples were tested at a smear microscopy center and 200 at a central-level mycobacteriology laboratory. Using mycobacterial cultures as reference, TB-LAMP results were compared with those of LED fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) and Xpert® MTB/RIF. At the microscopy center, TB-LAMP sensitivity was higher than that of LED-FM (81.5% [95% CI, 74.5-87.6] versus 69.4% [95% CI, 62.2-76.6]), but lower than that of the Xpert assay (95.5% [95% CI 92.3-98.8]). At the central-level laboratory, TB-LAMP sensitivity (92.8% [95% CI, 87.6-97.9]) was comparable to that of Xpert (90.7% [95% CI, 85.0-96.5]) using stored sample. No significant difference in terms of specificity between TB-LAMP and Xpert assays was observed in both study sites. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that TB-LAMP could be implemented at microscopy centers in Cambodia to detect TB patients. In addition, TB-LAMP can be a better choice to replace smear microscopy for rapid TB diagnosis of new presumptive TB patients, in settings with relative low prevalence of drug-resistant TB and difficulties to implement Xpert assay.
Acceptability and consensus for the management of game and non-game crop raiders

Abstract Context. Wild boars (Sus scrofa) and European badgers (Meles meles) have been increasingly implicated in crop damage in Greece. The species’ increasing presence on agricultural land has also raised concern about disease transmission to livestock and humans. Greece does not have any plans for the management of these situations, because they have only recently emerged. Understanding public preferences for management strategies is necessary for the successful implementation of management plans. Aims. To survey residents of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, north-eastern Greece, to understand variation between stakeholder groups in preferences for the management of wild boars and European badgers in different scenarios. Methods. Data were collected from on-site face-to-face surveys (n = 585), between September and November 2017. Respondents, assigned to one of general public, farmers, hunters and farmer-hunter groups, were asked to rate their acceptability of wild boar and European badger management strategies under four conflict scenarios: wild boars and European badgers raid crops and transfer disease. Key results. Stakeholders preferred less invasive strategies for the management of crop raiders, although they accepted lethal control in the more severe disease-transmission scenarios. Potential for conflict was higher for non-lethal control in the crop-raiding scenarios and for lethal control in the disease-transmission scenarios. Farmers and farmer-hunters were the groups more strongly supporting management strategies in all scenarios. Hunters were more reluctant to accept the reduction in numbers of a game species (i.e. the wild boar) than of a non-game species (i.e. the European badger). Conclusions. Variation in the acceptability of and consensus for wild boar and European badger management strategies was considerable, both among and within groups. Implications. Findings are a critical guide for the design of a conflict-management process aimed at reaching consensus for proper management strategies. This would allow for the successful management of human conflicts over wildlife.
Home Based Aerobic Training and the Changes in Adipsin Levels and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is prevalent in 5% - 8% of women of reproductive age and is one of the most important causes of infertility. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home-made aerobic activity on the level of changes in adipsin levels and visceral adiposity (VAI) in woman patients with chronic polycystic ovary syndrome in Kermanshah city. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out among 24 women with PCOS in 2017. The samples were 12 people in the intervention group and 12 people in the control group (referred to Kermanshah health centers). The intervention group then performed home-based aerobic training for 16 weeks. Serum levels of adiposity and visceral adiposity were measured before and after the exercise program through blood sampling. SPSS V.22 software was used for data analysis and t-test with independent sample and paired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference in the visceral adiposity index (VAI) after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise in the intervention group (P = 0.014). However, adipsin level changes were not statistically significant in the control and control groups. (P = 0.097). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise under house supervision has a favorable effect on the visceral adiposity index in women with PCOS and can be recommended as a safe treatment for these patients.
Benzo[a]pyrene promotes progression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a member of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) family. Although the potent carcinogenicity of high-dose B[a]P has been extensively reported, the effects of long-term exposure to B[a]P on the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) are poorly understood. METHODS In the present study, TSCC cells were treated with 5 nM or 50 nM of B[a]P for three months. The proliferation and chemoresistance of B[a]P-treated cells to 5-fluoruracil or cisplatin were detected by CCK8. The motility of the B[a]P-treated cells were evaluated with wound healing analysis, invasion assay and three-dimensional culture in decellularized mouse tongue matrix. Xenograft assay was used to investigated the aggressiveness of B[a]P-treated cells. Immunofluorescence staining, terminal restriction-fragment assay and whole genome sequence were used to determine the mutation spectrums. RESULTS Long-term 50 nM B[a]P-treated cells exhibited increased aggressiveness and chemoresistance to 5-fluoruracil or cisplatin. In addition, data from whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that C:T to A:T transitions were the predominant nucleotide substitutions occurred in 50 nM B[a]P-treated CAL27 cells. Furthermore, 102 non-synonymous or stop-gain mutations were enriched in the extracellular-matrix-receptor interactive pathway. CONCLUSIONS B[a]P exposure may contribute to genomic instability, therefore, B[a]P may promote the progression of TSCC.
Eficacia de la ivermectina para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en burros (Equus asinus) en el altiplano mexicano

El burro se ha empleado como animal de trabajo durante siglos y el 96% de la poblacion mundial se encuentra en paises en desarrollo. Los nematodos gastrointestinales con Resistencia Antihelmintica (RAH) son el problema parasitario mas grave de los equidos.Este estudio analiza el fenomeno de RAH a la ivermectina (IVM) en burros y se consideran umbrales economicos con la evaluacion de las practicas por parte de los propietarios a traves de encuestas.Con 53 burros del Altiplano Mexicano, el experimento se dividio en dos etapas: 1) en 53 animales se determinaron umbrales economicos y se formaron los grupos experimentales. 2) se realizo la prueba de la eficacia de la IVM y se establecieron dos grupos experimentales (n=30), grupo tratado y grupo control sin tratamiento. Resultados: el umbral economico de huevos por gramo de heces fue de 600 y el umbral de la condicion corporal (CC) del 91% de los animales fue aceptable (2.5 a 3.5). A mayor CC, la descarga de huevos obtenida fue menor (p< 0.05). 100 larvas fueron identificadas, el 63% fueron ciatostomidos, el resto fueron grandes estrongilidos.En esta poblacion de nematodos, la eficacia de la IVM fue del 100%. Con las encuestas, el 80% de los propietarios admite utilizar como unica estrategia el servicio de los Medicos Veterinarios Zootecnistas voluntarios, el cual consiste en IVM al 1%. La IVM es un recurso todavia valioso y debe utilizarse adecuadamente para evitar RAH. Este es el primer paso para la Desparasitacion Selectiva Dirigida en equidos en Mexico.
Studi Awal Perikanan Pari Kekeh (Rhynchobatus sp.) dan Pari Kikir (Glaucostegus sp.) di Perairan Utara Jawa Tengah

Pari kekeh dan pari kikir merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, kedua kelompok pari ini masuk ke dalam daftar merah International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) sebagai spesies ikan yang terancam punah karena populasinya terus menurun dan kerusakan habitat mengancam populasinya. Masuknya kedua pari ini ke dalam apendiks II Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) menuntut pengelolaan perikanan untuk menjamin kelangsungan populasinya di alam. Informasi mengenai perikanan pari kekeh dan pari kikir ini masih sangat minim, maka perlu kajian mengenai perikanan ini untuk dasar pengelolaan ke depan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi umum perikanan pari kekeh dan pari kikir di Jawa Tengah dan tangkapan rata-rata pari kekeh dan pari kikir per trip. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei–Juli 2019 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Tegalsari Tegal, PPP Bajomulyo Pati dan PPP Tasik Agung Rembang. Metode pengambilan data yang dilakukan yaitu perlingkupan kegiatan perikanan pari kekeh dan pari kikir dan pencatatan aktivitas pendaratan. Analisis yang dilakukan yaitu analisis spesies dan rata-rata tangkapan per trip (CPUE). Selama penelitian diperoleh 202 trip kapal mendaratkan ikan pari kekeh dan pari kikir di tiga lokasi pendaratan. Ikan pari ini merupakan hasil tangkapan sampingan dari armada penangkapan ikan cantrang dengan ukuran 10–150 GT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 6 spesies pari kekeh dan pari kikir yang didaratkan dan rata-rata hasil tangkapan pari kekeh dan pari kikir PPP Tegalsari sebesar 10,3 ekor/trip, PPP Bajomulyo sebesar 9,13 ekor/trip dan PPP Tasikagung sebesar 3,56 ekor/trip yang artinya jenis ikan ini cukup intensif tertangkap oleh armada penangkapan ikan cantrang.