Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid evolution of phenotypic traits

While once thought to be a slow process, there is now substantial evidence that rapid evolution in natural populations can occur over contemporary timescales (Thompson 2013). Evolution appears to be particularly rapid in cases where there is a mismatch between organisms and their environments (Carroll et al. 2014), as can occur with anthropogenic environmental changes (Palumbi 2001) such as climatic changes (Levitan 2003) or pesticides (Whalon et al. 2008). Thus especially strong selection and rapid evolution is expected for populations introduced to novel environments. Indeed, prior research provides evidence of rapid evolution in introduced populations of invasive species (Maron et al. 2004, Ridley & Ellstrand 2010, Novy et al. 2013, Colautti & Lau 2015). Despite these examples, evolution could potentially be limited in introduced populations due to factors such as genetic bottlenecks (Barrett 1991, Van Buskirk & Willi 2006, Dlugosch & Parker 2008, Bell & Gonzalez 2009), trade-offs (Blows & Hoffmann 2005, Walsh & Blows 2009), or genetic correlations that oppose selection (Etterson & Shaw 2001). Thus it remains unclear to what extent rapid adaptive evolution occurs in introduced populations. Detailed information on the rates of evolution of different traits in introduced populations is scarce because much of the prior research in this area has been indirect, coming from populations that have already been introduced and established. Previous studies have used techniques such as population genetic analyses (Dlugosch et al. 2015), quantita-
Treatment of gingival recession defects with a coronally advanced flap and a xenogeneic collagen matrix: a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes of the use of a xenogeneic collagen matrix (CM) in combination with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) in the treatment of localized recession defects. MATERIAL & METHODS In a multicentre single-blinded, randomized, controlled, split-mouth trial, 90 recessions (Miller I, II) in 45 patients received either CAF + CM or CAF alone. RESULTS At 6 months, root coverage (primary outcome) was 75.29% for test and 72.66% for control defects (p = 0.169), with 36% of test and 31% of control defects exhibiting complete coverage. The increase in mean width of keratinized tissue (KT) was higher in test (from 1.97 to 2.90 mm) than in control defects (from 2.00 to 2.57 mm) (p = 0.036). Likewise, test sites had more gain in gingival thickness (GT) (0.59 mm) than control sites (0.34 mm) (p = 0.003). Larger (≥3 mm) recessions (n = 35 patients) treated with CM showed higher root coverage (72.03% versus 66.16%, p = 0.043), as well as more gain in KT and GT. CONCLUSIONS CAF + CM was not superior with regard to root coverage, but enhanced gingival thickness and width of keratinized tissue when compared with CAF alone. For the coverage of larger defects, CAF + CM was more effective.
Nonlinear Transformation of Acoustic Waves in Microinhomogeneous Media with Relaxation

A nonlinear equation of state and the corresponding wave equation are derived in the framework of a rheological model suggested for elastic media containing defects with relaxation. The defects in the model are considered as highly compliant visco-elastic inclusions that exhibit a nonlinear stress-strain dependence. For real solids, these inclusions may model, for example, cracks, intergrain contacts and other similar defects. The proposed model thus can be applied to a wide class of microinhomogeneous materials (Earth rocks, engineering materials, damaged metals, etc.), which are also called “mesoscopic” solids. The derived equations consistently comprise the following material properties connected to the presence of the defects: (i) the microstructure-induced absorption (including near-constant Q-factor), (ii) the complementary dispersion of sound velocity, (iii) increased magnitude of the “mesoscopic” elastic nonlinearity and (iv) frequency dependence of the nonlinearity. To illustrate the aforementioned manifestations of the material microstructure, a few basic nonlinear effects (second and difference-frequency harmonics generation, and self-demodulation of high-frequency pulses) are analyzed in the framework of the derived equations. Main distinctions of the effects compared to the case of “classical” lattice (atomic) nonlinearity of homogeneous solids are pointed out.
Introduction to the Adams Spectral Sequence in nLab

1. The spectral sequence Filtered spectra -Adams filtrations 2. The first page Flat homotopy ring spectra The -Steenrod algebra Comodules over the -Steenrod algebra Universal coefficient theorem 3. The second page -Adams resolutions Homological co-algebra 4. Convergence Primary decomposition of abelian groups Localization and adic completion of abelian groups Localization and nilpotent completion of spectra Convergence theorems 5. Classical Adams spectral sequence ( = , = ) The dual Steenrod algebra The cobar complex The May spectral sequence The second page The first dozen stable stems 6. The case = and = 7. Adams-Novikov spectral sequence ( = , = ) 8. References
Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction in Large Infrastructures - A Long-term Approach based on Path Planning

This paper presents a pedestrian trajectory prediction technique. Its mail novelty is that it does not require any previous observation or knowledge of pedestrian trajectories, thus making it useful for autonomous surveillance applications. The prediction requires only a set of possible goals, a map of the scenario and the initial position of the pedestrian. Then, it uses two different path planing algorithms to find the possible routes and transforms the similarity between observed and planned routes into probabilities. Finally, it applies a motion model to obtain a time-stamped predicted trajectory. The system has been used in combination with a pedestrian detection and tracking system for real-world tests as well as a simulation software for a large number of executions.
Caries Epidemiology and Community Dentistry: Chances for Future Improvements in Caries Risk Groups. Outcomes of the ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium, Greifswald, 2014. Part 1

This paper reviews the first part of the outcomes of the ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium 2014 dealing with ‘caries epidemiology and community dentistry: chances for future improvements in caries risk groups'. After the caries decline in many countries, there are remaining pockets of higher caries levels, mostly in the primary dentition and/or linked to a low socio-economic status (SES). The review into the evidence of caries-preventive measures clearly points to the use of fluorides, especially toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste and collective measures such as water fluoridation. In contrast to several unsuccessful high-risk approaches, community and public health programmes seem to be able to ensure a population-wide access and compliance in risk groups. Their simple and evidence-based measures mostly combine regular plaque removal and fluoride applications via toothbrushing, at least for children and adolescents. For the future, the common risk factor approach which addresses associations between oral health, social deprivation, diet, hygiene, smoking, alcohol use and stress should lead to combined efforts with other community health and education specialists. Further engagement with public policy, community leaders and administration is needed in order to strengthen healthy choices and behaviour, e.g. in ‘healthy' schools and kindergartens. It seems advisable that these population programmes also aim at improving upstream factors.
FROM THE MECHANISMS OF OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE TOWARDS THE PREVENTION OF FALLS

S Duysens J, Nieuwenhuijzen PHJA, Gruneberg C, Weerdesteyn V, Schillings AM, Mulder T (2000). Laboratory stumbling. Symposium ‘Beweging in Beeld’, Instituut voor Bewegingswetenschappen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Duysens J, Nieuwenhuijzen PHJA, Gruneberg C, Weerdesteyn V, Schillings AM (2000). Contribution of reflexes to normal and perturbed gait. 12th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland, p 119. Duysens J, Weerdesteyn V, Schillings AM (2004). How do elderly react to obstacles during gait on a treadmill? ‘Aging’ symposium, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Duysens J, Weerdesteyn V, Nienhuis B (2005). Obstacle avoidance skills deteriorate with advancing age. 17th Conference of the International Society of Postural and Gait Research, Marseille, France. Groen B, Weerdesteyn V, Nienhuis B, Duysens J (2004). Martial arts fall techniques decrease the impact forces at the hip during falling. Workshop Anticipation and perception in movement regulation, Leuven, Belgium. Groen B, Weerdesteyn V, Van Lankveld W, Duysens J. (2005). Hip impact velocity and trunk orientation play a role in the reduction of hip impact force by martial arts fall techniques. 17th Conference of the International Society of Postural and Gait Research, Marseille, France. Groen B, Weerdesteyn V, Van Lankveld W, Duysens J (2005). Hand impact is not essential for martial arts fall techniques to reduce hip PUBLICATIONS 129 128 DEF02 04-10-2005 11:32 Pagina 128
VISUALIZATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC FIELD AND AEROACOUSTIC SOURCE IN TRANSITIONAL JET BY TR-TOMO PIV

The three-dimensional behavior of flow transition in circular jets at Re=5,000 is investigated with experiments conducted on a free water jet by time-r esolved tomographic particle image velocimetry. The emphasis is on the unsteady organization of coherent flow struc tures, which play a role in the generation of acous tic noise. Shedding and pairing of vortices are the most pronounced phe nomena observed in the near field. The characterist ic pulsatile motion lead to the formation of streamwise vortices and the growth of vortex-ring azimuthal waves. The se culminate in the breakdown of the vortex ring by abrupt axial ej ection of the azimuthal humps. The proper orthogona l decomposition (POD) is applied to the velocity and the vorticity fields to objectively classify and describe the thr ee-dimensional patterns at transition. The most energetic modes of vel city show helical and precession motion of the jet core, whereas vorticity modes reveal a characteristic orientation of 45 degrees to the jet axis of the radial and th e axial components. Following Powell’s aeroacoustic analogy, Lamb vecto r field is analyzed by POD and the instantaneous sp atial distribution of the acoustic source term is mapped by the temporal derivative of the Lamb vector, reve aling the highest activity during vortex ring breakdown.
Feed forward neural networks models for survival analysis

Artificial neural networks are increasingly being considered as an addition to the classical and modern statistical methods and have been found applications in a wide variety of medical problems. Due to their less restrictive framework that can incorporate nonlinearity and covariate interactions they have been proposed for the statistical analysis of censored survival data. This study presents different neural network strategies which have been suggested for modeling survival data.
pRb2/p130 Protein expression is correlated with clinicopathologic findings in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

pRb2/p130 is one of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene family and a suppressor oncogene. Immunohistochemically, the expression of pRb2/p130 was reported to be correlated inversely with the degree of malignancy in lung carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma. In the current study, the correlation between expression of pRb2/p130 and clinicopathologic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma was investigated.
Diurnal blood pressure pattern and risk of congestive heart failure.

CONTEXT High blood pressure is the most important risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF) at a population level, but the relationship of an altered diurnal blood pressure pattern to risk of subsequent CHF is unknown. OBJECTIVES To explore 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure characteristics as predictors of CHF incidence and to investigate whether altered diurnal blood pressure patterns confer any additional risk information beyond that provided by conventional office blood pressure measurements. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective, community-based, observational cohort in Uppsala, Sweden, including 951 elderly men free of CHF, valvular disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy at baseline between 1990 and 1995, followed up until the end of 2002. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed at baseline, and the blood pressure variables were analyzed as predictors of subsequent CHF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE First hospitalization for CHF. RESULTS Seventy men developed heart failure during follow-up, with an incidence rate of 8.6 per 1000 person-years at risk. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for antihypertensive treatment and established risk factors for CHF (myocardial infarction, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, and serum cholesterol level), a 1-SD (9-mm Hg) increase in nighttime ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.55) and the presence of "nondipping" blood pressure (night-day ambulatory blood pressure ratio > or =1; HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.16-4.52) were associated with an increased risk of CHF. After adjusting for office-measured systolic and diastolic blood pressures, nondipping blood pressure remained a significant predictor of CHF (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.12-4.36 vs normal night-day pattern). Nighttime ambulatory diastolic blood pressure and nondipping blood pressure were also significant predictors of CHF after exclusion of all participants who had an acute myocardial infarction before baseline or during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Nighttime blood pressure appears to convey additional risk information about CHF beyond office-measured blood pressure and other established risk factors for CHF. The clinical value of this association remains to be established in future studies.
Research on Practice of Network Diversification Assessment of Distance Higher Education Based on Ethnic Groups

With the continuous development of the times, modern distance education has gradually occupied an important position in society. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the extensive use of the Internet, learning objects and needs are gradually changing. In view of the main mode of network-based Diversified Assessment in distance higher education and the principles that should be followed in its development, it is pointed out that the network-based appointed examination will become the development trend of curriculum assessment in distance higher education. The assessment through the network should focus on the integrated design of learning process monitoring and learning effect evaluation, and establish an open, efficient and convenient test mode with the appointment examination as the core. The research shows that the student network community presents the same modernization requirements under the development of distance education and the law of distance education under the development of distance education. The implementation of diversified evaluation method is the reform direction of distance education learning evaluation method.
R 01 An Advanced CuCu Hybrid Bonding For Novel Stacked CMOS Image Sensor

We have successfully introduced the advanced CuCu hybrid bonding to the novel stacked back-illuminated CMOS image sensors (BI-CIS). To form the rigid Cu-Cu connections, we optimized the surface flatness of Cu connection pads that ensured both electrical connectivity and fabrication process margin. In this study, the tolerance of Cu sticking-out from the viewpoint of bonding process was quantitatively calculated. The electrical test results showed that our robust CuCu hybrid bonding achieved fine-pitch and large-scale connections.
Neural Networks Learning : Heuristic Methods and Applications

This paper is a report of the state of progress, after one year, of our research in the framework of my PhD thesis. This research is made in collaboration with Andrea Roli from the University of Bologna. The aim of this short paper is introduce our main goal and the mathematical tools that we plan to use in order to reach it. We also explain the current trails that we follow and the ideas that we have for future research.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

This paper presents the results of a study on determinants of customer's attitudes towards hotel's advertising via Facebook. Vietnam was chosen for the survey location. Two hundred and ten questionnaires were emailed to the Facebook users, and of these 195 responses were valid for further analysis. Findings from this research show that information, interaction, nondistractions, and reliability are the most important factors that influence the customer's attitudes.
Physiological effects of intermittent hypoxia in triathletes and detection of EPO abuse

1 Department of Pharmacology, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; 2 Department of Experimental and Health Sciences CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra UPF, Barcelona, Spain; 3 Department of Haematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona UAB, Spain; 4 Hypobaric Unit INEFC-UB, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Characteristics of Hodgkin's lymphoma after infectious mononucleosis.

BACKGROUND Infectious mononucleosis-related Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma in young adults. Whether the association is causal remains unclear. METHODS We compared the incidence rates of Hodgkin's lymphoma in two population-based Danish cohorts of patients who were tested for infectious mononucleosis: 17,045 with serologic evidence of having had acute EBV infection, and 24,614 with no such evidence. We combined the cohort of patients who had serologically verified infectious mononucleosis with a cohort of 21,510 Swedish patients with infectious mononucleosis (combined total, 38,555). Biopsy specimens of Hodgkin's lymphomas occurring during follow-up in this combined cohort were tested serologically for the presence of EBV. Using this information, we modeled the relative risk of EBV-negative and EBV-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma in different periods after the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and estimated the median incubation time for mononucleosis-related EBV-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma. RESULTS Only serologically confirmed infectious mononucleosis was associated with a persistently increased risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sixteen of 29 tumors (55 percent), obtained from patients with infectious mononucleosis, had evidence of EBV. There was no evidence of an increased risk of EBV-negative Hodgkin's lymphoma after infectious mononucleosis. In contrast, the risk of EBV-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma was significantly increased (relative risk, 4.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.4 to 4.5). The estimated median incubation time from mononucleosis to EBV-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma was 4.1 years (95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 8.3). CONCLUSIONS A causal association between infectious mononucleosis-related EBV infection and the EBV-positive subgroup of Hodgkin's lymphomas is likely in young adults.
Experiences from the Development of the Pervasive Game CityZombie

Pervasive games employ pervasive technology like location-based techniques, utilize player context in real world, and thus produce high immersion. In this article we will introduce a pervasive game prototype CityZombie, which is a multiplayer strategic game we developed and tested in Trondheim, Norway. The experience from developing and evaluating CityZombie is presented in this article, which covers both technical and gameplay aspects. CellID as a simple and popular technique shows high feasibility and appropriateness to the game, and social interaction plays a dominate role in attractiveness and enjoyment brought by CityZombie. Our research also reveals that strategic game could be a promising genre of pervasive game, due to its relatively low requirement to platform capabilities.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 5' packaging signal structure affects translation but does not function as an internal ribosome entry site structure

The role of the RNA secondary structure in the 5' packaging signal region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in initiating translation of gag mRNA has been investigated both in vitro and in the presence of cellular cofactors in vivo. Heat denaturation of the structure and mutagenic deletion both lead to an increase in levels of translated products, indicating that the structure is a significant inhibitor of translation. The proximity of the gag AUG to the packaging signal structure suggested that it might function as an internal ribosome entry site. However, in both a cell-free system and eukaryotic cells, translation will initiate at a novel upstream initiation codon introduced within the 5' noncoding region. This codon is utilized exclusively, resulting in gag protein products with an extra 11 amino acids at the amino terminus, which, when expressed in T lymphocytes, are confined intracellularly, probably because of the lack of an N-terminal glycine myristoylation signal. Deletion of the secondary structure abolishes gag production even in the presence of tat and rev in trans. Using dicistronic constructs containing the HIV-1 5' leader cloned between two heterologous open reading frames, we were unable to detect any significant expression of the second open reading frame that would have been supportive of an internal ribosome entry site mechanism. Using mutant proviruses either lacking the entire packaging signal structure region or containing the introduced upstream initiation codon in long-term replication studies, we were unable to detect reverse transcriptase activity in culture supernatants. The 5' packaging signal structure of HIV-1 does not serve as an internal ribosome entry site. The translation of gag is consistent with ribosomal scanning. However, the packaging signal structure causes significant translational inhibition.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Visualizing Multi-Dimensional Decision Boundaries in 2D

Inmanyapplicationsexpertsneedtomakedecisionsbasedontheanalysisof multi-dimensional data. Various classiﬁcation models can support the decision making process. To obtain an intuitive understanding of the classiﬁcation model, interactive visualizations are essential. We argue that this is best done by a series of interactive 2D scatterplots. In this paper, we deﬁne a set of characteristics of the multi-dimensional classiﬁcation model that have to be visually represented in those scatterplots. Our proposed method presents those characteristics in a uniform manner for both linear and non-linear classiﬁcation methods. We combine a visualization of a Voronoi based representation of multi-dimensional decision boundaries with visualization of the distances of the data elements to these boundaries. To allow the developer of the model to reﬁne the threshold of the classiﬁcation model and instantly observe the results, we use interactive decision point selection on a performance curve. Finally, we show how the combination of those techniques allows exploration of multi-dimensional decision boundaries in 2D.