Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The diverse chemical mixing state of aerosol particles in the southeastern United States

Abstract. Aerosols in the atmosphere are chemically complex with thousands of chemical species distributed in different proportions across individual particles in an aerosol population. An internal mixing assumption, with species present in the same proportions across all aerosols, is used in many models and calculations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, cloud activation, and aerosol optical properties. However, many of these effects depend on the distribution of species within individual particles, and important information can be lost when internal mixtures are assumed. Herein, we show that – as found during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in Centreville, Alabama, at a rural, forested location – aerosols frequently are not purely internally mixed, even in the accumulation mode (0.2–1.0 µm). A range of aerosol sources and the mixing state were determined using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDX) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy–near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS). Particles that were dominated by SOA and inorganic salts (e.g., ammonium sulfate) were the majority of particles by number fraction from 0.2 to 5 µm with an average of 78 % SOA in the accumulation mode. However, during certain periods contributions by sea spray aerosol (SSA) and mineral dust were significant to accumulation (22 % SSA and 26 % dust) and coarse-mode number concentrations (38 % SSA and 63 % dust). The fraction of particles containing key elements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Fe) were determined as a function of size for specific classes of particles. Within internally mixed SOA/sulfate particles < 5 % contained Na, Mg, K, Ca, or Fe, though these nonvolatile cations were present in particles from the other sources (e.g., SSA and dust). Mass estimates of the aerosol elemental components were used to determine the extent of internal versus external mixing by calculating the mixing state index (χ). The aerosol population was more externally mixed than internally mixed during all time periods analyzed. Accumulation mode aerosol ranged from more internally mixed during SOA periods to mostly externally mixed during dust periods. Supermicron aerosols were most externally mixed during SOA time periods, when more SOA particles added a distinct supermicron class, and more internally mixed when dominated by a single particle type (e.g., SSA or dust). These results emphasize that neither external nor internal mixtures fully represent the mixing state of atmospheric aerosols, even in a rural, forested environment, which has important implications for air quality and climate modeling.
Validation of the land water storage from gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) with gauge data in the amazon basin

The Amazon basin is a region of constant scientific interest due to its environmental importance and its biodiversity and climate on a global scale. The seasonal variations in water volume are one of the examples of topics studied nowadays. In general, the variations in river levels depend primarily on the climate and physics characteristics of the corresponding basins. The main factor which influences the water level in the Amazon Basin is the intensive rainfall over this region as a consequence of the humidity of the tropical climate. Unfortunately, the Amazon basin is an area with lack of water level information due to difficulties in access for local operations. The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the Equivalent Water Height (Ewh) from GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) mission, to study the connection between water loading and vertical variations of the crust due to the hydrologic. In order to achieve this goal, the Ewh is compared with in-situ information from limnimeter. For the analysis it was computed the correlation coefficients, phase and amplitude of GRACE Ewh solutions and in-situ data, as well as the timing of periods of drought in different parts of the basin. The results indicated that vertical variations of the lithosphere due to water mass loading could reach 7 to 5 cm per year, in the sedimentary and flooded areas of the region, where water level variations can reach 10 to 8 m.
Extreme incomes and the estimation of poverty and inequality indicators from EU-SILC

Micro-data estimates of welfare indices are known to be sensitive to observations from the tails of the income distribution. It is therefore customary to make adjustments to extreme data before estimating inequality and poverty statistics. This paper systematically evaluates the impact of such adjustments on indicators estimated from the EU-SILC (Community Statistics on Income and Living conditions) which is expected to become the reference source for comparative statistics on income distribution and social exclusion in the EU. Emphasis is put on the robustness of cross-country comparisons to alternative adjustments. Results from a sensitivity analysis considering both simple, classical adjustments and a more sophisticated approach based on modelling parametrically the tails of the income distribution are reported. Reassuringly, ordinal comparisons of countries are found to be robust to variants of data adjustment procedures. However, data adjustments are far from innocuous. Cardinal comparisons of countries reveal sensitive to the treatment of extreme incomes, even for seemingly small adjustments.
Turnover and ICT Contribution in Organizational Knowledge Management

Organizations face a number of major transformations; one of the most important is that all have been suffering from growing employee turnover. This phenomenon makes organization loses not only potential but also customer relationships, image, routines, and other more subtle issues. In some cases, the most significant lost is clients trust with may have a direct impact on sales and profit and, also, perceived quality of service. For organizations where the business processes are less depending from machinery and heavily rely on human relationships, this problem is even more relevant, being real estate business one such good example. Additionally, if we consider the increase time needed to sell real estate propriety after recent subprime worldwide crisis, sometimes the broker who initiates the process is not the one who finalizes it. It is easy to retain in the organization information about activities we performed (the “what” and “when”; that we may collectively consider as explicit knowledge). However, we cannot say the same about the way those activities are performed (the “how”; that can consider more of tacit knowledge). To solve this situation, organizations must promote ways to retain tacit knowledge, in a way that it can be stored and disseminated through the organization. This paper discusses such issues taking into consideration real estate professionals, forms of action against this phenomenon. Assess the contribution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), formulating a conceptual model for the capture and knowledge transfer, using Grounded Theory to inform the model. Keywords-Knowledge Management; Tacit Knowledge; Explicit Knowledge; ICT; Turnover; Real Estate.
Transgenic Varieties and Productivity of Smallholder Cotton Farmers in China

Genetically modified cotton varieties have greater production efficiency for smallholders in farming communities in China. We also find that the adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton varieties leads to a significant decrease in the use of pesticides. Hence, we demonstrate that Bt cotton appears to be an agricultural technology that improves both production efficiency and the environment. In terms of policies, our findings suggest that the government should investigate whether or not they should make additional investments to spread Bt to other cotton regions and to other crops.
Evidence for a source of H chondrites in the outer main asteroid belt

Aims. In this paper we report near-infrared spectroscopic observations of one of the largest potentially hazardous asteroids, (214869) 2007 PA8. Mineralogical analysis of this object was followed by the investigation of the dynamical delivery mechanism from its probable source region, based on long-term numerical integrations. Methods. The spectrum of (214869) 2007 PA8 was analysed using the positions of 1 μ ma nd 2μm bands and by curve-matching with RELAB meteorites spectra. Its dynamical evolution was investigated by means of a 200 000-year numerical integration in the past of 1275 clones followed to the source region. Results. (214869) 2007 PA8 has a very young surface with a composition more akin to H chondrites than to any other type of ordinary chondrite. It arrived from the outer Main Belt in the near-Earth space via the 5:2 mean motion resonance with Jupiter by eccentricity pumping. Identification of its source region far from (6) Hebe raises the possibility of the existence of a second parent body of the H chondrites that has a radically different post-accretion history. Future spectroscopic surveys in the 5:2 resonance region will most likely discover other asteroids with an H chondrite composition.
IIFET 2008 Vietnam Proceedings FAIR ALLOCATIONS AS POLICY HANDLE TO DISCOURAGE FREE RIDING IN REGIONAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

This paper presents the feasible proportional allocation rule to discourage free riding for a special class of free riding problems. Some theoretical and practical properties of the rule are discussed. Applications to the management of the Baltic Sea cod shery and the Norwegian spring-spawning herring shery are presented. Key Words: partition function form game, feasible allocation, free rider game, regional shery management, proportional allocation rule.
A Conceptual Model of Information Technology Competence for Public Managers: Designing Relevant MPA Curricula for Effective Public Service

Abstract This study aims to conceptualize and propose information technology (IT) competence for training Master of Public Administration (MPA) students to succeed in the production and delivery of public service. Defining and assessing student competence is a central challenge to the relevance and accountability of public administration education. This study draws from the literature of psychology, IT management, technology education, and public administration, as well as from practitioners in the public sector, to develop a construct of IT competence for public managers, including general public managers and public IT managers. This conceptualization regards IT competence as multidimensional, encompassing knowledge, skills, and personal attributes that enable public managers be effective. Moreover, this conceptualization articulates the knowledge, skills, and personal attributes relevant to achieving effectiveness at individual, organizational, and professional levels. Emphasizing the perspective of employers of MPA graduates, we also discuss the conceptualization’s implications for MPA curricula and recommend curricular changes.
Extracellular matrix in gene expression profiling of cancer

Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays many roles in tissues. Approach applied to clarify in which way ECM is involved in tumor biology, has to take into account complexity of intricate interactions within tissues and also spatial distributions of tissue components. This contribution examines studies identifying gene expression signatures that contain ECM-related genes. Direct interactions of tumor cells with newly expressed ECM components typical for tumors should be substantiated by expression of corresponding adhesion receptors. This has not been clearly documented by gene expression studies.
Stable sulfur isotope measurements to trace the fate of SO2 in the Athabasca oil sands region

Abstract. Concentrations and δ34S values for SO2 and size-segregated sulfate aerosols were determined for air monitoring station 13 (AMS 13) at Fort MacKay in the Athabasca oil sands region, northeastern Alberta, Canada as part of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) campaign from 13 August to 5 September 2013. Sulfate aerosols and SO2 were collected on filters using a high-volume sampler, with 12 or 24 h time intervals. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) enriched in 34S was exhausted by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) operated at the measurement site and affected isotope samples for a portion of the sampling period. It was realized that this could be a useful tracer and samples collected were divided into two sets. The first set includes periods when the CIMS was not running (CIMS-OFF) and no 34SO2 was emitted. The second set is for periods when the CIMS was running (CIMS-ON) and 34SO2 was expected to affect SO2 and sulfate high-volume filter samples. δ34S values for sulfate aerosols with diameter D>0.49 µm during CIMS-OFF periods (no tracer 34SO2 present) indicate the sulfur isotope characteristics of secondary sulfate in the region. Such aerosols had δ34S values that were isotopically lighter (down to −5.3 ‰) than what was expected according to potential sulfur sources in the Athabasca oil sands region (+3.9 to +11.5 ‰). Lighter δ34S values for larger aerosol size fractions are contrary to expectations for primary unrefined sulfur from untreated oil sands (+6.4 ‰) mixed with secondary sulfate from SO2 oxidation and accompanied by isotope fractionation in gas phase reactions with OH or the aqueous phase by H2O2 or O3. Furthermore, analysis of 34S enhancements of sulfate and SO2 during CIMS-ON periods indicated rapid oxidation of SO2 from this local source at ground level on the surface of aerosols before reaching the high-volume sampler or on the collected aerosols on the filters in the high-volume sampler. Anti-correlations between δ34S values of dominantly secondary sulfate aerosols with D< 0.49 µm and the concentrations of Fe and Mn (r = −0.80 and r = −0.76, respectively) were observed, suggesting that SO2 was oxidized by a transition metal ion (TMI) catalyzed pathway involving O2 and Fe3+ and/or Mn2+, an oxidation pathway known to favor lighter sulfur isotopes. Correlations between SO2 to sulfate conversion ratio (F(s)) and the concentrations of α-pinene (r = 0.85), β-pinene (r = 0.87), and limonene (r = 0.82) during daytime suggests that SO2 oxidation by Criegee biradicals may be a potential oxidation pathway in the study region.
Nonlinear Dynamical Analysis: Application to EEG Sleep Analysis

Nonlinear dynamical analysis techniques have been widely used for EEG analysis. The correlation dimension based upon the correlation is one of the most commonly used measures which quantifies the active degrees of freedom or the complexity of the dynamical system on the attractor. This article aims to provide an overview of the basic concepts of nonlinear dynamical analysis, and also to demonstrate its application in EEG sleep analysis. As one of the evidences, it is shown that there is a decrease in the correlation dimension (i.e., a loss in the complexity of the underlying dynamics of the neuronal networks in the brain) from lighter to deeper sleep stages. The use of the nonlinear dynamical analysis can be viewed in two aspects. In one aspect, the lower correlation dimension of the EEG suggests that the neuronal networks are more strongly coupled at deeper sleep stage. In another aspect, the substantial differences of the correlation dimensions of the EEG associated with various sleep stages can be used for sleep stage discrimination.
A free boundary problem for the Stokes equations

A free boundary problem for the Stokes equations governing a viscous flow with over-determined condition on the free boundary is investigated. This free boundary problem is transformed into a shape optimization one which consists in minimizing a Kohn–Vogelius energy cost functional. Existence of the material derivatives of the states is proven and the corresponding variational problems are derived. Existence of the shape derivative of the cost functional is also proven and the analytic expression of the shape derivative is given in the Hadamard structure form.
Factors associated with diabetic retinopathy requiring treatment on fundal photography in participants of the Cape Town diabetic retinopathy screening programme

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE The Cape Town Metro District Health Service (MDHS) has introduced a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening (DRS) programme incorporating retinal fundal photography in diabetic services at primary health care (PHC) facilities. Hitherto, coverage of the DRS programme has been less than optimal in part due to volumes of diabetic patients attending PHC facilities. The aim of this study was to identify possible sub-groups of patients, attending the Cape Town DRS Programme, who are at most risk of diabetic retinopathy and might be prioritised for early diabetic retinopathy detection and subsequent sight-saving treatment. METHODOLOGY A case-control study of risk factors for treatment-requiring diabetic retinopathy was conducted. This research sampled participants from the DRS programme provided by the MDHS eye care team to Type II diabetics attending public PHC facilities within the Klipfontein and Mitchells Plain Sub-Districts. Based on fundal images, cases were selected as those requiring ophthalmological treatment; and controls (three matched per case by area of residence) as those judged as not requiring ophthalmological treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Data on possible risk factors (clinical, laboratory) were extracted from the patients’ folders. RESULT The study included 453 participants, of whom 113 (24.9%) were cases and 340 (75.1%) were controls. Three factors were significantly associated with treatment-requiring diabetic retinopathy on multivariate analysis: Insulin dependency (OR of 2.96, 95% CI: 1.75 – 5.00); duration of diabetes of more than 10 years (OR of 3.44, 95% CI: 2.06 – 5.74) and sustained hyperglycaemia over the past six months (OR of 3.73, 95% CI: 1.69 – 8.22). A screening algorithm combining these criteria had a sensitivity of 61.2% (95% CI: 51.9 – 70.5). CONCLUSION The findings indicate that a sub-set of patients attending the DRS programme in the Klipfontein and Mitchells Plain Sub-Districts have a greater likelihood of presenting with
A new Modelica Electric and Hybrid Power Trains library

This paper describes a new library proposed for simulation of electric and drive vehicle power trains. Since is a “first approach” library, it does not make usage of the Vehicle Interface Library. It does not overlap with that library, except for minor parts, since the proposed models of electric drives and battery are much more detailed than the simple examples available in the Vehicle Interfaces Library. This library is fully compatible with both Dymola 2015 and OpenModelica 1.9. 2. It is available under the Modelica License 2, and presented at the 11 th Modelica International Conference
How do task, experience and type of stimuli constraint reaction time in school-aged individuals?

This study show how reaction time varies according to organismic, environmental and task constraints. The reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) of thirty-six adolescents with different sport experience (football, tennis players and sedentary individuals) were measured. Participants faced with non-sport related auditory and visual stimuli, and with specific tennis and football visual stimuli (FVS). All the participants were asked to respond with the upper and lower limb. Football players showed shorter RT than sedentary individuals responding with their lower limb and shorter MT aimed to the non-dominant side in FVS. Auditory and FVS caused shorter RTs, with no differences between them, particularly for football players. RT is influenced by organismic and task constraints and by the way the individuals face the task and perceive their opportunities of action. These factors should be taken into account to assess perceptive responses, and to design tasks directed to improve sport reaction skills.
Analysis of textile composite structures with finite Volume-p-Elements

The paper presents a three-dimensional finite p-element based on hierarchical shape functions. Providing anisotropic ansatz-spaces this element enables the accurate computation of threedimensional stress states of orthotropic materials, actually of reinforced textile compositesmaterials. Finite element analysis of a thick walled mounting plate of an elevator bucket is demonstrated whereas the spatial discretisation error is indicated by a posteriori error estimation. Failure of the textile composite is predicted by a criterion that was developed for threedimensional reinforced laminates. Necessary through-the-thickness material properties and parameters are determined based on experimental results utilising a new modified Arcan testing device. This device enables testing under combined out-of-plane load conditions.
THE IMPACT OF EXTENSIVELY EXPOSING IRANIAN VERY YOUNG EFL LEARNERS TO ENGLISH MEDIA ON THEIR LEARNING PROCESS

Teaching and learning to speak English has become increasingly important in Iran mainly due to the fact that English has been identified as one of the world’s most widely-spoken languages. Therefore, the present research attempted to probe whether extensively exposing Iranian very young EFL learners to English media has any significant effect on their learning process, operationalized as their learning growth. The study involved 60 non-native very young EFL learners at different private language institutes in Iran. Data collection revolved around several general areas of interest, such as the influence of intervention on their language growth. An ‘Individual Growth and Development Indicator’ was used as the Pre-and-Post-test. The findings seem to indicate that the students who were highly exposed to films as a result of their own entertainment and consumer choices and their EFL classroom instruction demonstrated statistically significant differences in their English learning acquisition and overall EFL achievements as compared to those students who were less exposed to these films inside and outside the classroom by personal choice and curricular demand. The obtained results are discussed in terms of their relationship with the extant literature and implications for TESOL, especially with regard to the role of exposing EFL children to English multimedia sources in order to promote their learning. Article visualizations:
Seed dormancy in Setaria lutescens

This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact digirep@iastate.edu. Recommended Citation Nieto-Hatem, Jorge, "Seed dormancy in Setaria lutescens " (1963). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2486. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2486 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac. uk
Commodity futures price behaviour following large one-day price changes

This study examines individual commodity futures price reactions to large one-day price changes, or ‘shocks’. The mean-adjusted abnormal return model suggests that investors in 6 of the 18 commodity futures examined in this study either underreact or overreact to positive surprises. It also detects underreaction patterns in eight commodity future prices following negative surprises. However, after making appropriate systematic risk and conditional heteroscedasticity adjustments, we show that almost all commodity futures react efficiently to shocks.