Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditing of the Software of Computer Accounting System

The article is aimed at determining the order and m ethodology of auditing the software of the computer accounting sy stem (CAS). It has been found that software auditing should be performed se parately for each of its components. The components of the functional part o f the CAS software are the database management system (DBMS) and the applicatio n software supporting the accountance automation. For auditing of the fir st component part are used such techniques as general evaluation, subject chec k of the embedded algorithms of information processing. Auditing the client software algorithms is carried out by means of the control data method, wh ich is reduced to such procedures as creation of another database of test data with imaginary objects and its processing by the client program, as well a s introduction in a copy of the real database of imaginary objects (employees, cred ito s, material values) and the formation of reporting. Not only the current me thods of calculation or evaluation of accounting objects, but all of the so ftware, are subject to mandatory verification. This will avoid errors if t he enterprise accounting
A Family of $Q_{k+1,k}\timesQ_{k,k+1}$ Divergence-Free Finite Elements on Rectangular Grids | SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis | Vol. 47, No. 3 | Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

Abstract. It is shown that the conforming Qk+1,k × Qk,k+1-Qk mixed element is stable, and provides optimal order of approximation for the Stokes equations, on rectangular grids, for all k ≥ 2. Here Qk+1,k stands for the space of continuous piecewise-polynomials of degree (k + 1) or less in x direction and of degree k or less in y direction. Qk is the space of discontinuous polynomials of separated degree k or less, with spurious modes filtered. To be precise, Qk is the divergence of the discrete velocity space Qk+1,k × Qk,k+1. Polynomials of different degrees in x and y are used for different components of velocity so that the resulting finite element solution is also divergence-free point wise. This is the first divergence-free element found on nontriangular grids. An efficient iterative method is presented where the discrete pressure function is produced as a byproduct. Numerical tests are provided, confirming the theory.
Local polarization switching in the presence of surface-charged defects: microscopic mechanisms and piezoresponse force spectroscopy observations

Thermodynamic description of probe-induced polarization switching in ferroelectrics in the presence of well-localized surface field defects and their effect on local piezoresponse force spectroscopy measurements is analyzed. Corresponding analytical expressions for the free energy, activation energy, nucleation bias, and nucleus sizes are derived. Both numerical calculations and analytical expressions demonstrate that well-localized field defects significantly affect domain nucleation conditions. The signature of the defects in reproducible piezoresponse hysteresis loop fine structure are identified and compared to experimental observations. Deconvolution of piezoresponse force spectroscopy measurements to extract relevant defect parameters is demonstrated. Proposed approach can be extended to switching in other ferroics, establishing a pathway for the understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions at a single-defect level.
Effects of aluminum toxicity on plant height , total chlorophyll ( Chl a + b ) , potassium and calcium contents in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L . )

ABSTRACT: Toxicity of heavy metals such as aluminum and their accumulations in the food chain is one of the main environmental issues in agriculture and natural ecosystems. Aluminum is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and reduces the efficiency of agricultural production in acid soils. Effects of the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) were studied on morphological and physiological traits in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. var. Viroflay). For this purpose, attributes that contains plant height (root and shoot), total chlorophyll (Chl a+b) and concentrations of potassium and calcium were studied in a greenhouse. The aluminum toxicity reduced the plant growth, total chlorophyll and calcium concentrations drastically. In the presence of the aluminum, the potassium concentration increased. Due to a significant reduction in plant growth and Ca absorption which is associated with increased concentrations of aluminum, it can be concluded that Viroflay variety of spinach is not resistant to aluminum toxicity.
GALEX Observations of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies: UV Color and Star Formation Efficiency

We present GALEX UV observations of a sample of low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies for which H I data are available, allowing us to estimate their star formation efficiency. We find that the UV light extends to larger radii than the optical light (some galaxies, but not all, look similar to the recently discovered XUV-disk galaxies). Using a standard calibration to convert the UV light into star formation rates, we obtain lower star formation efficiencies in LSB galaxies than in high surface brightness galaxies by about one order of magnitude. We show, however, that standard calibrations may not apply to these galaxies, as the FUV–NUV color obtained from the two GALEX bands (FUV and NUV; λeff = 1516 and 2267 Å, respectively) is redder than expected for star-forming galaxies. This color can be interpreted as a result of internal extinction, modified initial mass function, or star formation histories characterized by bursts followed by quiescent phases. Our analysis favors this latter hypothesis.
Impact of oil-based drill mud disposal on benthic foraminiferal assemblages on the continental margin off Angola

In order to assess the possible environmental impact of oily cuttings discharged during oil exploration activities, we studied the benthic foraminiferal faunas in a five-station, 4-km-long sampling transect around a cuttings disposal site at about 670 m depth offshore Angola (W Africa), where drilling activities started 1.5 years before sampling. Living (Rose Bengal stained) and dead foraminiferal faunas were sampled in March 2006. The faunal patterns mirror the spatial distribution of hydrocarbons, which are dispersed into a southeastern direction. Four different areas can be distinguished on the basis of the investigated faunal parameters (density, diversity and species composition of the living fauna, and comparison with subrecent dead faunas). The fauna at station S31, 300 m SE of the oil cuttings disposal site, appears to be clearly impacted: the faunal density and diversity are maximal, but evenness is minimal. Taxa sensitive to organic enrichment, such as Uvigerina peregrina, Cancris auriculus and Cribrostomoides subglobosus, have largely disappeared, whereas the low-oxygen-resistant taxon Chilostomella oolina and opportunistic buliminids and bolivinids attain relatively high densities. At station S32, 500 m SE of the disposal site, environmental impact is still perceptible. The faunal density is slightly increased, and U. peregrina, apparently the most sensitive species, is still almost absent. The faunas found at 1 and 1.8 km SE of the disposal site are apparently no longer impacted by the drill mud disposal. Faunal density and diversity are low, and the faunal composition is typical for a mesotrophic to eutrophic upper slope environment. Finally, Station S35, 2 km NW of the disposal site, contains an intermediate fauna, where both the lowoxygen-resistant C. oolina and the more sensitive taxa (U. peregrina, C. auriculus and C. subglobosus) are present. All taxa live close to the sediment–water interface here, indicating a reduced oxygen penetration into the sediment. Since the hydrocarbon concentration is low at this station, it appears that the faunal characteristics are the consequence of a slightly different environmental setting, and not due to a contamination with drill cuttings. Our data underline the large potential of benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of anthropogenic enrichment in open marine settings, such as caused by the disposal of oily drill cuttings. The foraminiferal faunas react essentially by a density increase of a number of tolerant and/or opportunistic taxa, and a progressive disappearance of more sensitive taxa in the most impacted area. Rather surprisingly, large-sized taxa appear to be more sensitive than small-sized foraminiferal taxa.
On type B cyclogenesis in a quasi‐geostrophic model

A quasi‐geostrophic (QG) model is used to approximate some aspects of ‘type B’ cyclogenesis as described in an observational paper that appeared several decades earlier in this journal. Though often cited, that earlier work has some ambiguity that has propagated into subsequent analyses. The novel aspects examined here include allowing advective nonlinearity to distort and amplify structures that are quasi‐coherent and nearly stable in a linear form of the model; also, separate upper and lower structures are localized in space. Cases are studied separately where the upper trough tracks across different low‐level features: an enhanced baroclinic zone (stronger horizontal temperature gradient) or a region of augmented temperature. Growth by superposition of lower and upper features is excluded by experimental design. The dynamics are evaluated with the vertical motion equation, the QG vorticity equation, the QG perturbation energy equation, and ‘potential‐vorticity thinking’. Results are compared against ‘control’ cases having no additional low‐level features. Nonlinearity is examined relative to a corresponding linear calculation and is generally positive. The results are perhaps richer than the seminal article might imply, because growth is enhanced not only when properties of the lower feature reinforce growth but also when the lower feature opposes decay of the upper feature. For example, growth is enhanced where low‐level warm advection introduces rising warm air to oppose the rising cold air ahead of the upper trough. Such growth is magnified when adjacent warm and cold anomalies have a strong baroclinic zone between them. The enhanced growth triggers an upstream tilt in the solution whose properties further accelerate the growth. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Dynamics of hierarchical folding on energy landscapes of hexapeptides

In this paper we apply the master equation approach to study the effects of the energy landscape topology and topography on the kinetics of folding, and on kinetic transitions of three alanine-hexapeptides analogs which involve polypeptides with neutral and charged groups and a cyclized polypeptide. We rely on the potential-energy landscapes of these molecular systems, which have been constructed using both a topological mapping analysis and a principal component analysis. It was found that the different topology and topography of the energy landscapes result in different ‘‘folding’’ time scales and that the systems with geometrical constraints ~cyclization and opposite charges at the termini! ‘‘fold’’ more slowly than the unconstrained peptide. In addition, for each of the three polypeptide systems, the kinetics is nonexponential at the temperature range 400‐ 600 K. The relaxation kinetics is characterized by logarithmic oscillations, which indicate hierarchical dynamics characterized by multiple time scales of fast ~few ps! and slow ~few ms! events. At higher temperatures, successive relaxation channels with similar characteristic time scales collapse into a single relaxation channel. While the kinetics of the unconstrained peptide at 600 K can be reasonably well described by a single exponential time scale, the kinetics of the constrained hexapeptides are inherently hierarchical and featured by multiple time scales even at high temperatures. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1415444#
The Hidden Bullied

In this article the authors look at those who have been largely ignored in previous research, those who experi- ence bullying negative behaviours but who do not label themselves as bullied. The research objective is to examine the reliability of asking people to self-labelling themselves as bullied as a measure of actual bullying and to see if there is a threshold in the bullying experienced that leads to the bullied being willing to self label themselves as bullied and to what extent labelling as a victim of bullying impacts on the degree of emotional reaction to the negative behaviour experienced. Quantitative methods are used to analysis two large data sets to highlight a sub-set of people who do not self-label and test differences between them and the self-labelled bullied. The findings indicate that using a dichotomous system of the bullied and the not-bullied is confounding. Even at very high levels of negative behaviour there persists a tendency for respondents to not self-label. Also found was that regardless of whether self-labelled as a victim of bullying or not those who experi- ence negative behaviour have similar strong emotional reactions to bullying. The research finds that self-labelling is a valid but unreliable measure of workplace bullying and suggests that using a Negative Behaviour index of experiences that takes into account persistence and intensity is a much more reliable measure that captures the totality of bullying.
Effectiveness of Muscle energy technique, Ischaemic compression and Strain counterstrain on Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: A comparative study

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Muscle energy technique, Ischaemic compression, Strain counter strain with conventional therapy on upper trapezius trigger points in patients with mechanical neck pain. A total of 45 subjects divided into three groups include both male and female with unilateral upper trapezius trigger points were selected, Group A was given muscle energy technique, Group B ischaemic compression, and Group C strain counter strain technique along with conventional physical therapy. All the participants underwent three outcome measures pre and post intervention which included a Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, cervical lateral flexion range of motion (CROM) and neck disability index (NDI). The obtained results demonstrated a significant difference exist among the groups after 4th week (p<0.05). This study concludes that Muscle energy technique is superior in the treatment of upper trapezius trigger points.
Current distortion characteristics of some home appliances in distorted voltage environment for frequency range of 2-150 KHz

Many of home appliances equipped by inverter technology because of its benefit of smaller, better of performance, more efficient and save energy. However this technology also generates current distortion regarding to its frequency switching which eventually has an influence on decreasing of power quality. Since the frequency switching of inverter normally in the range of 2 – 150 kHz, that cause the distortions in similar frequency range. Voltage and current distortions in the frequency range of 2-150 kHz is currently subject in research and standardization work. The reasons are that the appliances potentially generating such distortions are increasingly used and that the regulation and standardization are not completely covering and defining the limits and methods for that distortion. This study investigates the characteristics of current distortion generated by some home appliances in the frequency range of 2-150 kHz. The study is important to analyze the current distortion generated by the load particularly when the voltage supply is distorted due to the decreasing of power quality. The appliances under test are Compact Fluorescent Lamp, LED lamp and Battery Charger. The voltage distortions input were set at 1 Volt for the frequency range of 5 to 70 kHz. The results show current distortion characteristics and impedance properties of all devices under test for each specific frequency distortion. There are unique characteristics of distortion depending on frequency.
UAVS TO ASSESS THE EVOLUTION OF EMBRYO DUNES

Abstract. The balance of a coastal environment is particularly complex: the continuous formation of dunes, their destruction as a result of violent storms, the growth of vegetation and the consequent growth of the dunes themselves are phenomena that significantly affect this balance. This work presents an approach to the long-term monitoring of a complex dune system by means of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Four different surveys were carried out between November 2015 and November 2016. Aerial photogrammetric data were acquired during flights by a DJI Phantom 2 and a DJI Phantom 3 with cameras in a nadiral arrangement. GNSS receivers in Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) mode were used to frame models in the European Terrestrial Reference System. Processing of the captured images consisted in reconstruction of a three-dimensional model using the principles of Structure from Motion (SfM). Particular care was necessary due to the vegetation: filtering of the dense cloud, mainly based on slope detection, was performed to minimize this issue. Final products of the SfM approach were represented by Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the sandy coastal environment. Each model was validated by comparison through specially surveyed points. Other analyses were also performed, such as cross sections and computing elevation variations over time. The use of digital photogrammetry by UAVs is particularly reliable: fast acquisition of the images, reconstruction of high-density point clouds, high resolution of final elevation models, as well as flexibility, low cost and accuracy comparable with other available techniques.
Thermocycling effect on microhardness of laboratory composite resins

The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermocycling effect on microhardness of laboratory composite resins. 30 disks were fabricated, 5 mm of diameter and 2mm of width, using 3 laboratory resins: G1 (n=10) - RESILAB MASTER (Wilcos-Brasil), G2 (n=10) - Vita VMLC (VITA Zahnfabrik-Germany), and G3 (n=10) - Vita Zeta (VITA Zahnfabrik-Germany). Vickers microhardness (HV) of all specimens was evaluated using a microhardness tester FM-700 (Future Tech- 50 g/10s). The specimens were measured before and after the thermocycling (3.000 times and 12.000 times - 5° /55°C±1). The microhardness values before cycling were (mean±SD): G1: 55.50±4.6; G2: 35.54±2.5; G3: 27.97±1.6. ; after 3.000 thermocycles: G1: 55.54±3,9; G2: 29.92±2,73; G3:21.01±1.4 and after 12.000 cycles G1:54.27±3.2; G2: 30.91±1.6. G3: 23.81±0.9. Variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test was accomplished (p<0,05), the highest microhardness values were observed in G1; G2 and G3 showed reduction of microhardness values. It was concluded that, after thermocycling, the tested laboratory composites resins are susceptible to the decrease of surface microhardness.
SERIAL-ORDER CONTROL AND GROUPING IN SPEECH: FINDINGS FOR A FRAME/CONTENT THEORY

Frame/content (F/C) theory [1] offers a working rationale of the rise of serial-order control and forms without assuming a priori units. A synthesis of our recent work is presented with the purpose of refining this rationale on two points. First, observations of contraction activity and passive elasticity suggest that basic frames of serial-order control correspond to contraction-relaxation cycles not present in non-speech motions such as mastication. Second, on explaining prosodic grouping, results show a relationship between “size effects” on such patterns and grouping effects on recall. Converging evidence suggests that grouping may arise from capacity limits on attention processes of short-term memory.
Where Can Tourism-Led Growth and Economy-Driven Tourism Growth Occur?

In this study, we investigate the causal relationships between international tourism growth and regional economic expansion in China, and more importantly, disclose the factors determining the occurrence of these relationships. The empirical results reveal that 10 of 29 regions experienced tourism-led growth (TLG) during 1978 to 2013, whereas nine regions experienced economy-driven tourism growth (EDTG). Different from the past literature, this study uses Bayesian probit models to unveil the factors influencing these different growth patterns. Our results suggest that regions with less-developed economies, larger economic sizes, and covering larger geographic areas are more likely to experience TLG, and regions with less-developed economies are more likely to experience EDTG as well. Lastly, practical implications are provided.
A Bibliographical Survey on Software Architectures for Smart Grid System

Smart grid software interconnects multiple Engineering disciplines (power systems, communication, software and hardware technology, instrumentation, big data etc.). The software architecture is an evolving concept in smart grid systems in which systematic architecture development is a challenging process. The architecture has to realize the complex legacy power grid systems and cope up with current Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The distributed generation in smart grid environment expects the software architecture to be distributed and to enable local control. Smart grid architecture should also be modular, flexible and adaptable to technology upgrades. In this paper, the authors have made a comprehensive review on architecture for smart grids. An in depth analysis of layered and agent based architectures is presented and compared under various domains.
Automatic low baseline stereo in urban areas

In this work we propose a new automatic methodology for com- puting accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) in urban environments from low baseline stereo pairs that shall be available in the future from a new kind of earth observation satellite. This setting makes both views of the scene sim- ilarly, thus avoiding occlusions and illumination changes, which are the main disadvantages of the commonly accepted large-baseline configuration. There still remain two crucial technological challenges: (i) precisely estimating DEMs with strong discontinuities and (ii) providing a statistically proven result, au- tomatically. The first one is solved here by a piecewise affine r that is well adapted to man-made landscapes, whereas the application of com- putational Gestalt theory introduces reliability and automation. In fact this theory allows us to reduce the number of parameters to be adjusted, and to control the number of false detections. This leads to the selection of a suitable segmentation into affine regions (whenever possible) by a novel and completely automatic perceptual grouping method. It also allows us to discriminate e.g. vegetation-dominated regions, where such an affine model does not apply and a more classical correlation technique should be preferred. In addition we pro- pose here an extension of the classical "quantized" Gestalt theory to continuous measurements, thus combining its reliability with the precision of variational robust estimation and fine interpolation methods that are necessary in the low baseline case. Such an extension is very general and will be useful for many other applications as well.