Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi target pigs tracking loss correction algorithm based on Faster R-CNN

In order to solve the problem that target tracking frames are lost during the visual tracking of pigs, this research proposed an algorithm for multi target pigs tracking loss correction based on Faster R-CNN. The video of live pigs was processed by Faster R-CNN to get the object bounding box. Then, the SURF and background difference method were combined to predict whether the target pig will be occluded in the next frame. According to the occlusion condition, the maximum value of the horizontal and vertical coordinate offset of the bounding box in the adjacent two frames of the frame image in continuous N (N is the value of the video frame rate) were calculated. When bounding boxes in a video frame are merged into one bounding box, this maximum value was used to correct the current tracking frame offset in order to achieve the purpose of solving the tracking target loss problem. The experiment results showed that the success rate range of RP Faster-RCNN in the data set was 80%-97% while in term of Faster-RCNN was 40%-85%. And the average center point error of RP Faster-RCNN was 1.46 lower than Faster-RCNN which was about 2.60. The new algorithm was characterized by good robustness and adaptability, which could solve the problem of missing tracking target and accurately track multiple targets when the targets occlude each other. Keywords: object tracking, Faster-RCNN, individual pig, target occlusion DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20181105.4232 Citation: Sun L Q, Zou Y B, Li Y, Cai Z D, Li Y, Luo B, et al. Multi target pigs tracking loss correction algorithm based on Faster R-CNN. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(5): 192–197.
Immigration in the EU: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Immigration on the German Labor Market

This paper analyzes the impact of immigration on Germany’s labor market in the context of the recent 2004 and 2007 EU enlargements. In order to measure the effect of immigration supply shocks on individuals’ labor outcomes, this paper uses economist George Borjas’s “Skill-Group” approach, which divides the workforce into skill-groups determined by education and work-experience. Estimates on the basis of microdata collected by the Luxembourg Income Study in 2004, 2007 and 2010 confirm the hypothesis that immigration depressed annual wages and annual weeks worked for native German citizens. The results indicate that a 10 percent rise of the share of immigrants in the workforce would in general reduce wages of native German citizens by about 3 percent and decrease wages of incumbent foreigners by about 9 percent. Across the different model specifications the negative effect is even larger for immigrant workers and workers in the highest level of education.
Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM2.5-Bound n-Alkanes in the Yangtze River Delta, China

ABSTRACTPM2.5-bound n-alkanes in Shanghai (SH), Nanjing (NJ) and Ningbo (NB) cities from November 2014 to August 2015 were investigated. Averaged concentrations of the total 25 n-alkanes (∑n-alkanes, C16–C40) in SH, NJ and NB were 97.4 ± 73.9, 83.8 ± 57.1 and 187.1 ± 87.1 ng m–3, respectively. Obvious spatial and seasonal variations were attributed to the differences of emission sources and meteorological conditions. Analysis of the diagnostic ratios and specific molecular markers of n-alkanes suggested that high plant wax and vehicle emissions were the major sources of n-alkanes in the YRD region. Strong inputs of microbial components in summer were found and attributed to the emission from plankton in the ocean. The annual average contributions of higher plant wax to n-alkanes (%wax) in SH, NJ and NB were estimated to be 47.5%, 50.1% and 34.5%, respectively. Anthropogenic sources were responsible for the n-alkanes in NB, while biogenic sources contributed much more n-alkanes in NJ and SH. Based on the result of backward analysis, the emissions of n-alkanes in NB and NJ were mainly from local sources when the air masses came from the sea and south China with low n-alkanes concentrations. When the air masses originated from north China, the transport of contaminant aggravated the pollution of n-alkanes in SH.
The Recommended First Complementary Foods: A Review of the Literature

During infancy, adequate nutrition is essential to warrant healthy growth and development of infants to their full potential. Nutritional deficits particularly iron, during this critical period increase the risk of illness and long-term developmental impairment. Therefore, international organizations including Health Canada recommend that infants should be primarily introduced to iron rich complementary foods (CFs) such as iron fortified cereal and meat in order to meet their iron requirements and prevent growth faltering. This review aims to provide an overview on the available research of the recommended first CFs and their effects on various health outcomes including iron. Although the studies on meat presented in this review showed inconsistent findings regarding improvement of iron status, however, consumption of meat had promising positive effects on growth and other health outcomes. Studies on the fortified cereals reported improvement of iron status and possibly growth. Further large scale, multicenter trials are needed to support the current findings and to investigate the long-term benefits of these recommended CFs.
Resolution enhancement and noise reduction of infrared video streams

The images of thermographic (IR) cameras suffer from relatively small resolution and strong stochastic noise. Hence, it is recommended to improve the image quality by subsequent processing steps. The so-called superresolution is a well suited approach for image improvement of video streams. It exploits the fact, that adjacent images of a video stream contain the same object scene but they differ in ”microscopic” details. These small differences can be used to multiply the image resolution. A super-resolution technique generates a new image from every few (typically four to ten) adjacent video images and consists of roughly three steps: image registration, alignment, and fusion. We have reworked, implemented, and tested some variants of super-resolution.
Cognitive and Perceptual Selectivity and Target Regulation of Mental Activity in Personal Evaluation Situations of Social Anxiety Disorder

This article outlines modern scientific-proved models of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) (cognitive, metacognitive, experimental and pathopsychological). Key mechanisms of SAD occurrence and maintenance are specific biases in target regulation, as well as cognitive and perceptual selectivity biases of mental activity in personal evaluation situations. The sufferers experience such cognitive and perceptual selectivity bias as self-focused attention concerns (self-perception in a situation "Me as viewed by others"), selective monitoring of the stimuli which threaten their social status, as well as fixing on negative aspects of a situation, and negative prediction. SAD is characterized by metacognitive attributes to anxiety as dangerous and subjectively unacceptable event which displays are evaluated by others as a sign of incompetence or inconsistency, and form the basis for rejection. For sufferers to find themselves in an awkward situation, to be mocked and humiliated are the most significant fears in the situations of personal evaluation which are trigged without their objective analysis. For sufferers participation in the evaluation situations provokes excessive focus on minor operational and technical aspects of activity. SAD is characterized by shift of attention to performance and secondary aspects of self-presentation as related to target priority: shift of motive to target and shift of target to means (What's about my voice? Are my hands shivering? Someone has smiled; Everyone sees that I've blushed). Multitasking of cognitive and perceptual activity for SAD sufferers in the evaluation situations results into fast exhaustion of voluntary attention and disorders in implementation of activity, collapse of anxiety mediation and disorganization of behaviour. Account of the given mechanisms by SAD therapy leads to most effective and consistent therapeutic outcome.
Constrained Optimization Problems in Mechanical Engineering Design Using a Real-Coded Steady-State Genetic Algorithm

A parameter-less adaptive penalty scheme for steady-state genetic algorithms applied to constrained optimization problems was proposed previously by two of co-authors of this paper. For each constraint, a penalty parameter is adaptively computed along the run according to information extracted from the current population such as the existence of feasible individuals and the level of violation of each constraint. In this paper the performance of this scheme is extended using test problems from the mechanical engineering design, also, largely tested in the evolutionary computation literature. Using real coding, rank-based selection and operators available in the literature very competitive results are obtained and those are compared with other techniques.
Reduce the Hand-Effect Body Loss for Lte Mobile Antenna in Ctia Talking and Data Modes

The reduction in the radiation e-ciency of an antenna in a mobile handset due to user's hand efiects in the talking and data modes is studied. A parameter called \body loss" is deflned to evaluate the degradation of the radiation e-ciency. A C-fed on-ground (OG) PIFA antenna, which can cover two typical LTE bands of 0.75GHz{ 0.96GHz and 1.7GHz{2.1GHz, is used to study the property of the hand-efiect body loss in two CITA test positions: the talking and data modes. Three difierent positions of the proposed antenna in the talking mode are compared, and the position with the antenna located on the bottom of the mobile handset and facing the head is recommended for minimal body loss. A modifled design with a smaller antenna width is proposed to reduce further the hand-efiect body loss in the talking and data modes.
Hicri Takvim Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul Gıda-İçecek, Hizmetler ve Ulaştırma Endekslerinde Yer Alan Paylar Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu calismada, Aralik 2015 tarihi itibariyla Borsa Istanbul Gida ve Icecek, Hizmetler ve Ulastirma endekslerinde yer alan paylarda Ramazan ayi etkisinin varligi, paylarin 4 Mart 2003 – 13 Ekim 2015 (1 Muharrem 1424 – 29 Zilhicce 1436) tarihleri arasindaki getiri verileri kullanilarak arastirilmaktadir. Literaturde yer alan bircok calismadan farkli olarak, Ramazan ayi etkisi bir endeks yerine, Borsa Istanbul’da hesaplanan birkac endeks (XGIDA, XUHIZ ve XULAS) icinde yer alan bireysel paylar icin test edilmektedir. Hicri takvime gore olusan bu etkiyi analiz etmek icinse, kukla degiskenli regresyon modeli ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanilmaktadir. Calismanin sonuclari, analize dahil edilen yirmi iki paydan sadece birinde (TKNSA) Ramazan ayi etkisinin var oldugunu gostermektedir. AKENR, KIPA ve TKNSA paylarinin getirileri uzerinde ise, diger bazi hicri aylarin pozitif (Rebiyulahir ve Recep) veya negatif (Rebiyulevvel, Cemaziyulevvel ve Şevval) etkisi soz konusudur. Bu bulgular, Borsa Istanbul pay piyasasinda hicri takvime iliskin takvimsel etkileri goz onunde bulundurarak anormal getiri elde etmenin zor hale geldigini kanitlamaktadir.
Wide Tuning Range CMOS VCO

A communication system requires a highly stabilized frequency; LC and RC oscillator are two wide option for frequency generation. Performance of an LC oscillator suffers from leakage, area, noise etc compare RC oscillator. Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is preferred category if RC oscillator to generate high oscillator frequency. VCO contains odd number of delay stage cascaded together; output frequency strongly depends on switching threshold of individual stages. A 3 stage current starved VCO can generate upto 0.6 Ghz; this work is focused around body bias technique to increase frequency without increasing number of delay stage. Oscillation frequency has been controlled by bulk terminal of PMOS and NMOS individually and by means of adaptive body bias network. Cadence spectre based simulation result at CMOS 90nm shows that by reverse biasing of PMOS obtained frequency is 1.2GHz-10.01GHz with tuning range of 95% while biasing of NMOS generate frequency of 500MHz12.5GHz with tuning range capability of 96%. This design presents high frequency with wider tuning range and optimum reduced power by which this oscillator design can be used in different band of communication.
Cooperative control of multiple surface vessels with discrete‐time periodic communications

This paper addresses the problem of cooperative path‐following of networked autonomous surface vessels with discrete‐time periodic communications. The objective is to steer a group of autonomous vehicles along given spatial paths, while holding a desired inter‐vehicle formation pattern. For a given class of marine vessels, we show how Lyapunov‐based techniques, graph theory, and results from networked control systems can be brought together to yield a decentralized control structure where the dynamics of the cooperating vessels and the constraints imposed by the topology of the inter‐vehicle communication network are explicitly taken into account. Cooperation is achieved by adjusting the speed of each vessel along its path according to information exchanged periodically on the positions of a subset of the other vessels, as determined by the communications topology adopted. The closed‐loop system that is obtained by putting together the path‐following and cooperation strategies takes an interconnected feedback form where both systems are input‐to‐state stable with respect to the outputs of each other. Using a small‐gain theorem, stability and convergence of the overall system are guaranteed for adequate choices of the controller gains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design considerations for an artificial reef to grow giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Southern California

As mitigation for estimated losses of kelp bed resources owing to the operation of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS), Southern California Edison is building a 61 ha artificial reef to restore populations of the giant kelp, (Macrocystis pyrifera). This reef is unprecedented in terms of both its size and its focus on providing habitat for giant kelp. To derive a set of design specifications that should guarantee persistent kelp populations, we addressed issues of what substrates could be used, how large these substrates should be, how high they should be piled, and how they should be distributed. The design study included a review of the historical distribution of kelp on artificial reefs in Southern California, a survey of the natural substrate types that have supported persistent populations, and a comparison of survival on different size classes of rocks. The conclusion is that a low relief reef with a moderate level of sand cover would be the most likely candidate for a successful kelp reef. A 9 ha experimental reef with 56 modules has just been constructed to further define the substrate type and substrate density for the full 61 ha mitigation reef. 2002 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Drive-Response Synchronization of a Fractional-Order Hyperchaotic System and Its Circuit Implementation

A novel fractional-order hyperchaotic system is proposed; the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of this system are studied. Based on the stability theory of fractional calculus, we propose a novel drive-response synchronization scheme. In order to achieve this synchronization control, the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithm is studied. And then, a drive-response synchronization controller is designed to realize the synchronization of the drive and response system, and the simulation results are given. At last, the fractional oscillator circuit of the new fractional-order hyperchaotic system is designed based on the EWB software, and it is verified that the simulation results of the fractional-order oscillator circuit are consistent with the numerical simulation results through circuit simulation.
Acción antiarrítmica de la creatina en el infarto agudo del miocardio

Introduction Despite its degradation by ectonucleotidases, interstitial adenosine triphosphate concentration ([ATP]out) increases after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and correlates with the occurrence of ventricular premature beats and ventricular tachycardia. It has been recently shown that extracellular ATP activates a depolarizing arrhythmogenic current carried by the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPC3/7. A decrease in [ATP]out could be a strategy to prevent arrhythmias during an acute ischemic episode. Previous results from our laboratories in a rat model of AMI suggest that this could be the case. Objective To study whether extracellular creatine would serve as a buffer for the sudden increase of [ATP]out and decrease arrhythmic events in an isolated rat heart model of AMI. Method Electrical and contractile activities were recorded on isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts. The left coronary artery was occluded to induce a myocardial infarction. Results Under control condition, creatine (1-3 mmol/L) had no major effects on QRS and QT durations nor on RR interval or force of contraction. The ligature of the left coronary artery markedly decreased the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT). However, when hearts were previously treated with creatine (1-3 mmol/L) the VFT was significantly higher after the AMI compared to untreated hearts. Moreover, in hearts perfused with creatine after coronary ligature, VFT was also increased but to a lesser extent. Conclusion Our results suggest that creatine, at a relatively high concentration, would serve as a buffer for the sudden release of ATP during the early phase of ischemia thus having an antiarrhythmic effect. Key words: ATP, creatine, heart, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias.
The cost of electricity in Nigeria : analysis from RPED survey data

Nigerian firms complain about increasing competition from imported goods and commonly place much of the blame on the high cost of manufacture. They report that their most serious business problem is the state of infrastructure, and the biggest infrastructure problems are electricity. This paper sets out to show why this is so. In undertaking the research into the supply of infrastructure, all 232 firms were asked a short series of questions while in the case of a small sample of firms, a more detailed investigation was undertaken in which Nigerian Electric Power Authority (NEPA) bills were examined and the costs of self-generated power were generally validated by putting the same questions to several managers. Firms in Nigeria feel very hostile to NEPA, the electricity provider, and commonly provide knee-jerk reactions to questions about electricity. This paper, particularly in the case of the small sample, seeks to look deeper into the electricity deficiencies than provided by the instant reactions of firms.
Analysis of institutional and technical adaptation: biodiversity conservation capabilities of forestry organisations responding to social­ecological challenges

We identify two principal foci of contemporary research and policy targeting sustainability. The first is institutions and social demand, more specifically incentives, spurring public­goods producing behaviours and innovations. The second is technology and best management actions; techniques that enhance resource productivity and environmental conservation. We identify a significant gap in our knowledge in that little attention has been paid to what lies between incentives and action. Organizational adaptation and learning in response to environmental change and social demand for ecological integrity have not been adequately studied. By some formal accounts, adaptation is assumed to be frictionless and knowledge is regarded as a public good. Our research takes the friction of adaptation and learning seriously. We study the processes of firms, agencies, territories and sectors developing conservation competencies; capacity to produce environmental conservation benefits while maintaining economic competitiveness and social development. Our empirical research on investments in biodiversity conservation competencies among forestry actors in Finland is illustrative of a situation in which a traditional and highly­institutionalized management system, spanning a variety of spatially distributed socio­economic and social­ecological conditions, is confronting shifting social demand. We combine data from a survey of professional forest managers who delineate habitats to be set aside whilst planning forestry operations with regional ecological and social­economic data. Our analysis focuses on the conservation competencies that organizations, regions, and the sector as a whole, apply when integrating biodiversity conservation to the extractive function of forestry We find that variance in organizations’ investments in competency formation do not strongly reflect regional socio­economic and social ecological conditions as analyzed in this study. More generally, we find little support for the notion that a subset of actors in Finnish forestry would have invested heavily to differentiate themselves on the basis of biodiversity conservation competencies. These results reinforce our earlier findings and point to isomorphism, i.e. lack of diversity, in the relevant population and the conservative character of innovation dynamics in Finnish forestry.
Evaluating the impact of energy-aware routing on Software-Defined Networking performance

Increasing power consumption and CO2 emissions generated by large data networks have become a major concern over the last decade. For this problem, the emerging paradigm of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) can be seen as an attractive solution. In these networks an energy-aware routing model could be easily implemented leveraging the control and adta plane separation. This paper investigates the impact of energy-aware routing on SDN performance. To that end, we propose a novel energy-aware mechanism that reduces the number of active links in SDN with multiple controllers, considering in-band control traffic, i.e. links are shared between data and control plane traffic. The proposed strategy exploits knowledge of the network topology combined with traffic engineering techniques to reduce the overall power consumption. Therefore, two heuristic algorithms are designed: a static network configuration and a dynamic energy-aware routing. Significant values of switched-off links are reached in the simulations using real topologies and demands data. Moreover, obtained results confirm that crucial network parameters such as control traffic delay, data path latency, link utilization and TCAM occupation are affected by the performance-agnostic energy- aware model.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering

— Ensemble is a data mining technique composed of number of individual classifiers to classify the data to generate new instances of data. Random Forest is the most popular ensemble technique of classification because of the presence of excellent features such as Variable importance measure, Out-of-bag error, Proximities etc. In this paper, the developments and improvements of Random Forest in the last 15 years are presented. This paper deals with the approach proposed by Brieman since 2001. This paper also presents the description of usage of Random Forest in various fields like Medicine, Agriculture, Astronomy, etc.