Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Series and Parallel Hybrid Excited Machines

Hybrid excited (HE) machines have the synergies of high torque density and high efficiency of permanent magnet (PM) machines and excellent flux controllability of wound-field machines. The PMs and field coils (FCs) coexist in HE machines to provide excitations simultaneously, and can be coupled either in series or parallel. The topologies of HE machines are very diverse, which bring challenges in the selection and design of HE machines. Based on the partitioned stator (PS) platform, a pair of series and parallel HE machines having similar structures and PM usage are evaluated and compared to identify their merits and demerits. With the help of finite element analysis, the flux regulation, energy conversion capability, parasitic effects and irreversible demagnetization of the two kinds of the HE machines are comprehensively investigated and the guidance to the machine design is provided. A pair of prototypes are fabricated and tested to validate the analyses.
Linkage among ice crystal microphysics, mesoscale dynamics, and cloud and precipitation structures revealed by collocated microwave radiometer and multifrequency radar observations

Abstract. Ice clouds and falling snow are ubiquitous globally and play important roles in the Earth's radiation budget and precipitation processes. Ice particle microphysical properties (e.g., size, habit and orientation) are not only influenced by the ambient environment's dynamic and thermodynamic conditions, but are also intimately connected to the cloud radiative effects and particle fall speeds, which therefore have an impact on future climate projection as well as on the details of the surface precipitation (e.g., onset time, location, type and strength). Our previous work revealed that high-frequency (> 150 GHz) polarimetric radiance difference (PD) from passive microwave sensors is a good indicator of the bulk aspect ratio of horizontally oriented ice particles that often occur inside anvil clouds and/or stratiform precipitation. In this current work, we further investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms and cloud–precipitation structures associated with ice-phase microphysics corresponding to different PD signals. In order to do so, collocated CloudSat radar (W-band) and Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM DPR, Ku–Ka-bands) observations as well as European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmosphere background profiles are grouped according to the magnitude of PD for only stratiform precipitation and/or anvil cloud scenes. We found that horizontally oriented snow aggregates or large snow particles are likely the major contributor to the high-PD signals at 166 GHz, while low-PD magnitudes can be attributed to small cloud ice, randomly oriented snow aggregates, riming snow or supercooled water. Further, high-PD (low-PD) scenes are found to be associated with stronger (weaker) wind shear and higher (lower) ambient humidity, both of which help promote (prohibit) the growth of frozen particles and the organization of convective systems. An ensemble of squall line cases is studied at the end to demonstrate that the PD asymmetry in the leading and trailing edges of the deep convection line is closely tied to the anvil cloud and stratiform precipitation layers, respectively, suggesting the potential usefulness of PD as a proxy of stratiform–convective precipitation flag, as well as a proxy of convection life stage.
Analysis of 2-Methylisoborneol in Water, Mud, and Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from Commercial Culture Ponds in Mississippi

We describe a new method for the isolation of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) that have been declared "off-flavor" organoleptically. The method involves microwave cooking fish under a nitrogen stream and trapping the condensate at −80 °C. The fish condensate was extracted with hexane which was reduced to 100 μL and analyzed by gas chromatography. Concentrations as low as 5 ng MIB∙g fish−1 were routine detected. A bioconcentration value for MIB in off-flavored fish flesh was 28.1 ± 14.0 (±SD) concentration water/concentration fish. Analysis of off-flavored fish collected at the processing plant consistently showed elevated concentrations of MIB. Geosmin, another compound known to cause flavor and odor problems in fish flesh, was not detected.
The Hogwarts Running Club and Sense of Community: A Netnography of a Virtual Community

Abstract Leisure-based communities often provide spaces to develop sense of community among members. With the rapid advances in technology virtual communities are on the rise, yet research on virtual communities from a leisure perspective is limited. This study utilized Netnography to explore the meanings participants in a leisure-based virtual community attribute to their experiences of community. The Hogwarts Running Club, a Facebook-based virtual community, served as the study setting. Member posts were collected on pre-selected days over the course of six months. The dataset was open coded and then the coding framework was compared to the four core factors of Sense of Community Theory. The findings fit well within the four-factor model. Participants described a sense of belonging and connection to the community through social support, shared experiences (both positive and negative), discussing the Harry Potter books and films which provided shared symbols and terminology, and being “part of something bigger. ”
Delay-Aware Resource Management for Multi-Service Coexisting LTE-D2D Networks With Wireless Network Virtualization

To satisfy the rapid growth of data service demands on the limited spectrum resources, wireless network virtualization (WNV) has been proposed as a promising technology in the future wireless networks. Meanwhile, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, as an underlay to cellular networks, is also a proposed solution to promote the spectrum efficiency. However, it is a challenge to design an appropriate virtual resource slicing strategy among different wireless service providers in the two-tier LTE-D2D networks. In this paper, considering dynamic traffic arrivals and time-varying channel conditions, the virtualized resource management in the multi-service coexisting LTE-D2D networks is formulated into a multi-objective stochastic optimization problem. Leveraging on weighted Tchebycheff approach and Lyapunov optimization technique, the multi-objective stochastic optimization problem can be transformed into a delay-aware optimization problem, which is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem and can be transformed into a convex one by a series of reformulation. A distributed algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed to obtain a close-to-optimal solution with a lower computational complexity. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a performance-delay tradeoff related to the control factor $V$ with at most ${0.2}{\%}$ performance loss compared with the optimal solution.
Small-scale variability as a mechanism for large-scale stability in mountain grasslands

Data from a 7-yr permanent plot study of grassland dynamics were used to address the relationship between processes at two levels of resolution (3.3 cm x 3.3 cm, 50 cm x 50 cm). Grasslands mown and manured in the traditional way in the Krkonose Mts. (Riesengebirge) were used as a model system. Spatial dynamics at the finest scale were very high, as demonstrated by turnover of individual species in 3.3 cm x 3.3 cm subplots and year-to-year transition matrices of the same subplots. The direction of these dynamics was not correlated with grassland treatment, although there was some correlation within years. An extrapolation of such year-to-year dynamics to larger time scales would result in big large-scale changes on the community level, and large shifts in species composition of the whole sward. However, dynamics at larger spatial or temporal scales were generally small. Some directional change occurred in manured plots, whereas little change occurred in unmanured plots. Large-scale dynamics were not correlated with small-scale dynamics in plots without manuring, but some correlation was detectable in manured plots. There are probably several processes that drive small-scale dynamics, such as non-linear interactions and environmental fluctuations. We argue that within certain limits these forces act on species composition so as to make small-scale dynamics non-directional. This results in both large-scale species diversity and apparent large-scale stability of these grasslands. However, if these forces are beyond these limits, the small-scale dynamics may become directional, resulting in rapid changes at larger spatial scales.
Body Temperature and Reproductive Performance of Beef Heifers Supplemented With Rumen-Protected Methionine

This study aimed to assess the reproductive performance and body temperature of beef heifers supplemented with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in an extensive grazing system and mated during the summer. One hundred 5/8 Angus 3/8 Brahman heifers were homogeneously divided into the control group (n=48, CG) supplemented with mineral salt ad libitum and methionine group (n=52, MG) who received the same supplementation plus 4 g of methionine per 100 g of mineral salt. The groups were fixed-time artificial inseminated (FTAI) 45 days after starting the supplementation. On day 0 of the FTAI protocol, ten animals per group received data-logger thermometers attached in progesterone implants recording the body temperature of the animals every 30 minutes. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 30 and 60 after the artificial insemination to determine the rates of conception, pregnancy, and pregnancy loss. At the beginning of the supplementation, both groups had similar weights (MG was 304.6 kg and CG 304.4 kg), while on days 0 and 30 about the FTAI protocol, the MG was higher weight (365.9 vs. 346.7 and 384.8 vs. 371.5 Kg). During the FTAI protocol, the MG had lower body temperatures (38.77 vs. 38.99 °C) and a tendency to have larger dominant follicles than the CG (11.76 mm x 10.8 mm). Although it did not impact reproductive performance, the observed higher weight, dominant follicle sizes, and lower body temperatures during FTAI protocols show the potential benefits of methionine supplementation in beef heifers mated during the summer.
An immuno‐marking technique for thrips

Rabbit immunoglobulin G (R‐IgG) was used successfully as an external mark for thrips. Females of both Thrips tabaci Lindeman and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) were marked with 1 mg ml−1 R‐IgG solution with 1%‘Tween 20’ by the contact exposure method. Determining the retention of the mark was by running the rinsing solution of individual thrips in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sandwich ELISA method was used with an additional biotin–avidin step. The threshold for a positive marking score was defined as three times the mean optical density readings of the negative control thrips. Under laboratory conditions, on bean pods, all marked thrips scored positive up to 6 days after marking (DAM). When marked thrips were kept in the laboratory on marigold flowers for 2 days, they all scored positive. When marked and unmarked thrips were placed together on these flowers, the mark was transferred to 10–20% of the unmarked thrips and they became positive. Under field conditions, on sticky traps covered with water‐base glue, 100, 80, and 20% of the marked T. tabaci scored positive by the 3rd, 6th, and 9th DAM, respectively. Under the same conditions 100, 90, and 10% of the marked F. occidentalis scored positive by the 3rd, 6th, and 9th DAM, respectively. The retention of the R‐IgG decreased significantly under conditions of wetness and high humidity. After 6 days on chive plants kept at 80–100% r.h. , all marked thrips scored negative while on plants kept at 40–60% r.h. , 85% of the marked thrips scored positive. Rabbit IgG can be used as an external marker for thrips. The suitability of this marking method for dispersal studies of these important pests needs to be evaluated.
Response of River Water Bacterial Communities to Aniline in Two Biodegradation Test Systems

Novel HNPP/Fast Red TR in situ hybridization method was used to study the response of river water microbial communities to aniline, as a model chemical pollutant, in two biodegradation test systems: a river die-away (TOC-HANDAI) test and acultivation (HANDAI) test. Pseudomonas rRNA group I and Acinetobacter were the most abundant groups during peak biodegradation activity in both test systems in spite of the differences in test conditions and initial community structures. Burkholderia-Pseudomonas rRNA III-authentic Alcaligenes group were significant only in the cultivation test under highly polluted conditions. Vibrio-Aeromonas and Flavobacterium-Cytophaga groups were adversely affected by aniline in both test systems.
INCIDENCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER IN PROCESSED POULTRY: IS IT A CONCERN FOR HUMAN HEALTH?

In Australia, over 15,000 cases of campylobacteriosis occur annually; however, recent findings from case-control studies suggest that poultry may not be the primary etiological agent. To determine the incidence of Campylobacter species on Australian poultry, a qualitative and quantitative survey of different poultry products was undertaken. The qualitative study examined 428 poultry carcasses from 42 processors. Overall, 93.7% of the carcasses were found to be positive for Campylobacter species, of which 84.1% were identified as Campylobacter jejuni by hippurate hydrolysis, and 9.6% as other Campylobacter species. A longitudinal study over 6 weeks on 27 broiler carcasses from a single processor found an average Campylobacter species count of 163 cfu/cm2, with a range of 5–1,850 cfu/cm2 excluding one carcass that was negative. The real health risk of this carriage, however, cannot be determined accurately without further investigation of the presence of virulence factors and more accurate species identification. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This article identifies that the incidence of Campylobacter species on processed poultry remains at levels recognized to be potentially infectious to humans. This suggests that current changes in processing control in the Australian poultry industry primarily established for Salmonella species may not necessarily reduce all potential human pathogens to safe levels. Using current literature, this article also debates whether the simple identification of presence and absence of a particular pathogen is sufficient for assumptions to be drawn on risk of infection. The discussion questions the real role of poultry in cases of campylobacteriosis, and suggests that based on case-history data, poultry may be not be the common cause of the disease.
Long observation period improves growth prediction in old Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) forest plantations

ABSTRACT It is important to predict the growth of Sugi forest plantations in old age. When predictions about the growth of Sugi forest plantations are made and there is a lack of growth data from older trees, it is possible that the accuracy of these predictions becomes worse. For example, it is known that the growth of Sugi does not get slower at older ages as expected from past growth predictions based on growth data from young to middle-aged trees. This study investigated the changes in extrapolated values of diameter at breast height (DBH) in old Sugi forest plantations with changes in the observation period of training data for model calibration. The study sites were long-term growth observation sites of Sugi forest plantations in the University of Tokyo Chiba Forest and Chichibu Forest. In this study, both DBH of individual trees and mean DBH of stands were analyzed by fitting Richards growth functions. The results showed that the accuracy of growth predictions in old ages was improved by including growth data from a sufficient number of older trees. From another point of view, growth prediction in old ages tended to underestimate actual growth if growth data did not include enough older trees.
Leaf Nitrogen, Photosynthesis, and Crop Radiation Use Efficiency: A Review

Three crop species were considered: solybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and maize (Zea mays L.). A relationship was developed predicting crop radiation use efficiency (biomass accumulated per unit solar radiation intercepted) for each of the crops as a function of both leaf CO 2 assimilation rate and leaf N content. At the leaf CO 2 assimilation rates typical of a species, the radiation use efficiency was predicted to be about 1.2 g MJ -1 for soybean, 1.4 g MJ -1 for rice, and 1.7 g MJ -1 for maize
Nesting site density and distribution affect Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) reproductive success and almond yield in a commercial orchard

The potential of commercially managed, native blue orchard bees, Osmia lignaria, to augment honey bees in orchard pollination depends on various factors, particularly how to enhance O. lignaria retention while optimising even pollination throughout orchards by varying their stocking density and nesting site distribution. In 2011, we investigated how artificial nest box density and the number of cavities within nest boxes influenced O. lignaria retention and reproduction in a 61 ha almond orchard pollinated by a mixture of O. lignaria and Apis mellifera in the southern Central Valley of California. We assessed how localised O. lignaria nesting affected total nut yield. Retention of O. lignaria females was significantly greater in orchard areas with high density nest boxes compared with areas with low density nest boxes. Females preferred to nest in high density (low cavity) nest boxes compared to low density (high cavity) nest boxes. All measures of O. lignaria reproductive success were greater in orchard areas with high density nest boxes than areas with low density nest boxes. Localised O. lignaria foraging and nesting activity influenced nut yield by producing more nuts in orchard areas with high density nest boxes compared with low density nest boxes, although differences in nut yield just failed to meet statistical significance. Results of this study show that the density and distribution of nest boxes for nesting O. lignaria females can strongly influence the reproductive success of an alternative, managed bee pollinator in a large production orchard.
Food plant selection by stick insects (Phasmida) in a Bornean rain forest

Stick insects (Phasmida) are important herbivores in tropical ecosystems, but have been poorly investigated in their natural environment. We studied phasmids and their food plants in a tropical lowland rain forest in Borneo (Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia). Thirty species of phasmid were collected from 49 plant species during nocturnal surveys in the forest understorey. In most cases (35 plant species), experiments confirmed that these phasmids fed on those plant species from which they were collected. Partitioning of phasmid species among food plant species was highly significant. Two common species had a largely restricted diet: Asceles margaritatus occurred mainly on Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) and Dinophasma ruficornis on Leea indica (Leeaceae). Other phasmids fed on a broad spectrum of plant families and can be considered polyphagous (e.g. Haaniella echinata, Lonchodes hosei herberti). Feeding experiments were performed on captive phasmids using leaves from eight plant species. Asceles margaritatus showed a significantly higher consumption rate for Mallotus miquelianus leaves than for other plants, while H. echinata showed the opposite trend and the lowest consumption for M. miquelianus. However, A. margaritatus readily accepted foliage from several plant families, particularly when Mallotus was not offered at the same time. Therefore, studies on host specialisation by herbivores need to include their distribution in the natural vegetation.
CoviFake: A Framework to Detect and Analyze Fake COVID19 Tweets

Along with the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human lives, a new crisis of fake and false information related to disease has also emerged. Primarily, social media platforms such as Twitter are used to disseminate fake information due to ease of access and their large audience. However, automatic detection and classification of fake tweets is challenging task due to the complexity and lack of contextual features of short text. This paper proposes a novel CoviFake framework to classify and analyze fake tweets related to COVID-19 using vocabulary and non-vocabulary features. For this purpose, first, we combine and enhance ‘CTF’ and ‘COVID19 Rumor’ datasets to build our COVID19-sham dataset containing 25,388 labelled tweets. Next, we extract the vocabulary and 12 non-vocabulary features to compare the performance of six state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers. Our results highlight that the Random Forest (RF) classifier achieves the highest accuracy of 94.53% with the combination of top 2,000 vocabulary and 12 non-vocabulary features. In addition, we developed a large-scale dataset of CoviTweets containing 7.88 million English tweets posted by 3.8 million users during two months (March-April, 2020). The analysis of CoviTweets leveraging our framework reveals that the dataset contains 1.64 million (20.87%) fake tweets. Furthermore, we perform an in-depth examination by assigning a ‘fakeness score’ to hashtags and users in CoviTweets.
The current state of the problem of in vitro gene pool preservation in poultry

This review presents the current progress in and approaches to in vitro conservation of reproductive cells of animals, including birds, such as cryopreservation and freeze-drying, as well as epigenetic conditions for restoring viable spermatozoa and female gametes after conservation. Cryopreservation is an effective way to preserve reproductive cells of various species of animals and birds. In vitro gene pool conservation is aimed primarily to the restoration of extinct breeds and populations and to the support of genetic diversity in populations prone to genetic drift. It is the combination of ex situ in vivo and ex situ in vitro methods that can form the basic principles of the strategy of animal genetic diversity preservation. Also, use of cryopreserved semen allows faster breeding in industrial poultry farming. Despite numerous advances in semen cryobiology, new methods that can more efficiently restore semen fertility after cryopreservation are being sought. The mechanisms underlying the effect of cryopreservation on the semen parameters of cocks are insufficiently understood. The review reflects the results of recent research in the field of cryopreservation of female and male germ cells, embryonic cells, the search for new ways in the field of genetic diversity in vitro (the development of new cryoprotective media and new conservation technologies: freeze-drying). Molecular aspects of cryopreservation and the mechanisms of cryopreservation influence on the epigenetic state of cells are highlighted. Data on the results of studies in the field of male reproductive cell lyophilization are presented. The freeze-drying of reproductive cells, as a technology for cheaper access to the genetic material of wild and domestic animals, compared to cryopreservation, attracts the attention of scientists in Japan, Israel, Egypt, Spain, and France. There is growing interest in the use of lyophilized semen in genetic engineering technologies. Methods of freeze-drying are developed taking into account the species of birds. Organizational and legal ways of solving the problems of in vitro conservation of genetic resources of farm animals, including birds, are proposed.