Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Right-Hemisphere Dysfunction in Asperger's Syndrome

Asperger's syndrome has many clinical features in common with acquired right-hemisphere dysfunction and has been postulated to result from a developmental abnormality of the right hemisphere. However, right-hemisphere abnormality has not previously been documented on neuroanatomic or functional imaging in patients with Asperger's syndrome. We report three patients with Asperger's syndrome found to have abnormal right-hemisphere function on single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging. The subjects were two males and one female, ranging from 12 to 16 years of age. All were diagnosed on the basis of the presence of the complete constellation of clinical features previously outlined. All patients were investigated with computed tomographic (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and SPECT scanning. In one subject, CT and MRI revealed enlargement of the right lateral ventricle, reflecting a mild degree of right hemispheric atrophy. CT and MRI studies on the other two subjects were normal. SPECT scanning demonstrated right hemispheric abnormalities in each subject: right temporal hypoperfusion with a central area of increased perfusion along with frontal polar hyperperfusion in one; diffusely decreased right hemispheric uptake in the second; and decreased frontal and occipital uptake in the third. Cerebellar abnormalities were also present: a smaller right hemisphere with increased uptake in the first; decreased uptake in the vermis and right hemisphere in the second; and decreased vermal uptake in the third. These findings support the hypothesis that the neurobiologic basis of Asperger's syndrome is a developmental abnormality of the right cerebral hemisphere. (J Child Neurol 1995; 10:310-314).
“Snapping bottom”: Subluxation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps femoris muscle

Subluxation of the tendon of origin of the long head of the biceps femoris muscle (or snapping bottom) is a rare, previously unreported degeneration of the tendinous attachment of the muscle at the ischial tuberosity. It occurs in a patient who wears out this attachment through a lifetime of hyperflexion hip movements, such as are required in bending to reach the floor. The snapping of the tendon across its point of origin causes pain and swelling in the buttock. In the older nonathlete, if conservative measures fail, the treatment of choice is simple tenotomy. The condition should not be confused with weaver's bottom (ischiogluteal bursitis), even though it may be a cause for that bursitis.
Yeast Respond to Hypotonic Shock with a Calcium Pulse*

We have used the transgenic AEQUORIN calcium reporter system to monitor the cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hypotonic shock. Such a shock generates an almost immediate and transient rise in [Ca2+]cyt which is eliminated by gadolinium, a blocker of stretch-activated channels. In addition, this transient rise in [Ca2+]cyt is initially insensitive to 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), an extracellular calcium chelator. However, BAPTA abruptly attenuates the maintenance of that transient rise. These data show that hypotonic shock generates a stretch-activated channel-dependent calcium pulse in yeast. They also suggest that the immediate calcium influx is primarily generated from intracellular stores, and that a sustained increase in [Ca2+]cyt depends upon extracellular calcium.
The Management Information Systems Area: Problems, Challenges and Opportunities

M anage m en t I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s ha s e v o l v ed a s an a r ea i n which teaching and research is common. In order to consolidate advances made to date in this area and to meet new and significant challenges, a number of problems must be overcome. This paper identifies and discusses the problems, suggests methods fortheir solution, and concludes by looking toward future opportunities for the area.
Degradation kinetics of vitamins in premixes for pig: effects of choline, high concentrations of copper and zinc, and storage time

Objective The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of storage time, choline chloride, and high concentrations of Cu and Zn on the kinetic behavior of vitamin degradation during storage in two vitamin premixes and four vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premixes. Methods Two vitamin premixes (with or without 160,000 mg/kg of choline) were stored at 25°C and 60% humidity. Besides, four VTM premixes were used to evaluate the effects of choline (0 vs 40,000 mg/kg) and trace minerals (low CuSO4+ZnO vs high CuSO4+ZnO) on vitamin stability in VTM premixes stored in room, and the VTM premixes were stored in room temperature at 22°C. Subsamples from each vitamin and VTM premix were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. The retention of vitamin A (VA), vitamin D3 (VD3), vitamin E (VE), vitamin K3 (VK3), vitamin B1 (VB1), vitamin B2 (VB2), vitamin B3 (VB3), vitamin B5 (VB5), and vitamin B6 (VB6) in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes during storage was determined. The stability of vitamins in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes was determined and reported as the residual vitamin activity (% of initial) at each sampling point. Results The effect of choline on VK3 retention was significant in vitamin premixes (p<0.05). The negative effect of storage time was significant for the retentions of VD3, VK3, VB1, VB2, VB5, and VB6 in vitamin premix (p<0.05). For VTM premixes, negative effect of storage time was significant (p<0.05) for the losses of vitamin in VTM premixes. Choline and high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly increased VA, VK3, VB1, and VB2 loss during storage (p<0.05). The supplementation of high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased the concentrations of VD3 and VB6 (p<0.05) in VTM premixes at extended storage time. Conclusion The maximum vitamin stability was detected in vitamin and VTM premixes containing no choline or excess Cu and Zn. The results indicated that extended storage time increased degradation of vitamin in vitamin or VTM premixes. These results may provide useful information for vitamin and VTM premixes to improve the knowledge of vitamin in terms of its stability.
Interactivated rehabilitation device

The demo presents a system and interface for a reaching task for physical rehabilitation therapies, enhanced with multimodal interaction. The interface is a handheld device which can be manipulated by the patient, guiding and tracking their movements during the reaching task. The system is presenting appropriate feedback using light and music. Using tagged target objects, a variety of tasks can be easily set up even by a remote therapist. Patients can choose their own music for feedback.
The Complex History of the Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus

We investigated the history of the fronto-occipital fasciculus (FOF) and related tracts in the cerebral white matter because of their contemporary relevance for connectional neuroanatomy, magnetic resonance tractography, and clinical neurology. The term “FOF” originated with Forel and Onufrowicz who misidentified aberrant longitudinally oriented callosal fibers in patients with callosal agenesis. This error was soon recognized, and Dejerine described an actual FOF linking frontal and occipital lobes, but gross dissection and lesion-degeneration methods could not distinguish the FOF from the subcallosal fasciculus of Muratoff and neighboring white matter bundles. Subsequent descriptions of a probably nonexistent “inferior FOF” have led to the FOF being misnamed post-hoc “superior FOF,” and other imprecise anatomical concepts and terminologies from the early literature are still perpetuated. Our analysis of brain fiber pathways using isotope anterograde tract tracers (Schmahmann & Pandya, 2006) resolves the earlier uncertainties and provides hypotheses regarding functions of these fiber pathways.
The 3-methylhistidine content of human tissues

1. The amount of 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH) has been measured in eighty-eight samples of tissue taken Post-mortem from five adults. 2. The highest concentration (μmol/g fat-free dry weight) of 3-MeH was in skeletal muscle (3.31 ± 0.05); intermediate values (2–3) were found in cardiac muscle and those tissues containing smooth muscle; and low values (less than I) occurred in parenchymal tissues such as liver and kidney. 3. There was little variation between the mean 3-MeH content of striated muscles in different individuals, and no significant difference between the 3-MeH concentrations of striated muscles taken from six different sites. 4. The results suggest that it is justifiable to use values obtained from single muscles to calculate the rate of myofibrillar breakdown from urinary 3-MeH excretion.
Influence of subjective intoxication, breath alcohol concentration, and expectancies on the alcohol-aggression relation.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of subjective intoxication, alcohol-aggression expectancies, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) on intoxicated aggression in men and women while controlling for dispositional aggressivity. METHODS Subjects were 328 (163 men and 165 women) healthy social drinkers between 21 and 35 years of age. Following the consumption of either an alcohol or an active placebo beverage, subjects were tested on a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm in which mild electric shocks were received from, and administered to, a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. Levels of subjective intoxication and BrAC were measured immediately before subjects began the aggression task. Aggressive behavior was operationalized as the shock intensities administered to the fictitious opponent under conditions of low and high provocation. RESULTS Subjective intoxication ratings were not related to aggressive behavior for either men or women. Alcohol-aggression expectancies were related to aggression for men, but this effect was rendered nonsignificant when controlling for dispositional aggressivity, which in turn, was significantly related to the dependent variables for both men and women. Finally, BrAC was also related to aggression above and beyond the effects of dispositional aggressivity, yet only for men. CONCLUSIONS Taken as a whole, this study suggests that intoxicated aggression is primarily the result of alcohol's pharmacological properties in conjunction with an aggressive disposition.
Growth in the basicranial synchondroses of adolescent Macaca mulatta

Tritiated thymidine was administered to five Macaca mulatta monkeys ranging in skeletal age from 39 to 48 months. The animals were then serially sacrificed according to the following postinjection schedule: 6 hours, 12 hours, 2, 4, and 7 days. Each animal was given oxytetracycline 370, 103, and 7 days prior to sacrifice. The spheno‐occipital and midsphenoidal synchondroses were excised and sectioned midsagittally for histologic preparation and undecalcified “ground” sections. Results from this investigation indicate that from 39 to 48 months of age growth occurs primarily in the spheno‐occipital synchrondroses. The greatest mitotic activity occurs within the proliferative zones, while the central zone appears to be relatively inactive. The surface remodeling pattern, which tends to flex the basiocciput relative to the basisphenoid, appears to be compensated for by a supero‐inferior growth rate differential within the spheno‐occipital cartilage.
1918 pandemic influenza and pneumonia in a large civil hospital.

Following the reports of a rapidly spreading and highly fatal pandemic of influenza and pneumonia in the Eastern States, and while the epidemic of influenza was raging at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, a severe outbreak of this disease appeared among the civil population of Chicago. During the past five weeks, from September 23 to October 29, more than 2,000 patients were admitted to the wards of Cook County Hospital. Of these, 642 died, a mortality of 31 per cent. In the accompanying chart, of the first 500 deaths, it will be noted that the age period of highest mortality falls between 25 and 30 years. Among the total number of admissions during this period there were 122 soldiers, and thus far twenty-one cases have terminated fatally—a mortality of 16 per cent. So far as the admissions to a large charity institution, such as the Cook County Hospital, may
Selective method for identification and quantification of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB‐12 (BB‐12) from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy volunteers ingesting a combination probiotic of BB‐12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

To develop a novel validated method for the isolation of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB‐12 (BB‐12) from faecal specimens and apply it to studies of BB‐12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) recovered from the healthy human gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Diagnostic Accuracy of Combined, Dynamic and Static, Contrast-Enhanced 4D MR Venography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR including MRV is an established method to diagnose CVT. However, it remains unsettled which MR imaging modalities offer the highest diagnostic accuracy. We evaluated the accuracy of a combined, dynamic (1.5 seconds per dataset) and static (voxel size, 1.1 × 0.9 × 1.5 mm), contrast-enhanced MRV method (combo-4D MRV) relative to other established MR/MRV modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 39 patients with CVT (n = 20) and control subjects (n = 19) underwent combo-4D MRV, 2D TOF MRV, GRE imaging, and T2W imaging. For these modalities, diagnostic accuracy (ROCs) for CVT affecting 53 out of 234 predefined venous segments was determined. Sensitivity and specificity were separately calculated for different stages of CVT (acute/subacute/chronic). RESULTS: Combo-4D MRV showed the highest accuracy (AUC, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.97–1.0]; sensitivity, 97% [84%–100%]) for thrombosed dural sinuses. For all thrombosed segments including cortical veins, its sensitivity was best (76% [64%–84%]; AUC, 0.92 [0.88–0.96]), followed by TOF MRV (72% [59%–81%]; AUC, 0.93 [0.88–0.97]). Even for chronic CVT, it showed a relatively high sensitivity of 67% (30%–90%). For thrombosed cortical veins alone, GRE images achieved the highest sensitivity (66% [46%–81%]; AUC, 0.88 [0.78–0.97]). Specificities of all modalities ranged from 96% to 99%. CONCLUSIONS: Combo-4D MRV showed an excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of dural sinus thrombosis. The analysis of dynamic patterns of contrast enhancement in dural sinuses appeared useful to identify chronic thrombosis. To diagnose thrombosed cortical veins, GRE images should primarily be analyzed.
The effect of metallization Layers on single event susceptibility

We investigate the effects of metallization layers on the radiation hardness of an epitaxial CMOS memory technology using Monte Carlo simulations. A geometrically and compositionally realistic three-layer metallization scheme is employed in detailed radiation transport simulations that include contributions from discrete /spl delta/-rays and nuclear reactions. The presence of high-Z plugs used to connect different metallization layers can have a significant effect on the single-event sensitivity depending on the location of the high-Z material relative to the sensitive region of the underlying device.
Theory for normal and impaired experience-dependent plasticity in neocortex of adult rats

We model experience-dependent plasticity in the cortical representation of whiskers (the barrel cortex) in normal adult rats, and in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) caused marked deficits in experience-dependent plasticity in a cortical barrel-column. Cortical plasticity was induced by trimming all whiskers on one side of the face except two. This manipulation produces high activity from the intact whiskers that contrasts with low activity from the cut whiskers while avoiding any nerve damage. By a computational model, we show that the evolution of neuronal responses in a single barrel-column after this sensory bias is consistent with the synaptic modifications that follow the rules of the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) theory. The BCM theory postulates that a neuron possesses a moving synaptic modification threshold, θM, that dictates whether the neuron's activity at any given instant will lead to strengthening or weakening of its input synapses. The current value of θM changes proportionally to the square of the neuron's activity averaged over some recent past. In the model of alcohol impaired cortex, the effective θM has been set to a level unattainable by the depressed levels of cortical activity leading to “impaired” synaptic plasticity that is consistent with experimental findings. Based on experimental and computational results, we discuss how elevated θM may be related to (i) reduced levels of neurotransmitters modulating plasticity, (ii) abnormally low expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), and (iii) the membrane translocation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in adult rat cortex subjected to prenatal alcohol exposure.
Statistics-Based Jamming Detection Algorithm for Jamming Attacks against Tactical MANETs

In this paper, we propose a detection approach for reactive jamming attacks in the tactical wireless ad hoc networks. A significant weakness for all wireless communication systems is a vulnerability to jamming attacks. In the worst case scenario, jammers possess the potential to completely block data transmissions in the wireless network. Since tactical networks are typically utilized in crisis-management and battlefield operations, reliable and secure communications are a critical factor for mission success. Thus, jamming attacks must be detected and mitigated immediately by the wireless network. New approaches for the detection and mitigation of jamming attacks are required, especially for tactical networks based on mobile ad hoc technology where centralized detection algorithms are unusable. We present a novel mechanism to detect jamming in tactical ad hoc networks, which is based on the required number of re-transmission attempts of transmitted packets and packet delivery rate of received packets. Our proposed approach employs several network performance parameters, which differentiates our approach from most existing detection algorithms, since only a single parameter is commonly used as a detection decision. The simulation model of proposed detection algorithm is implemented in ns-3 network simulator.
Pericardial involvement in systemic inflammatory diseases

Systemic inflammatory diseases (SIDs) are inflammatory syndromes with involvement of at least two organ systems. Classical SIDs include vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, and granulomatous diseases (box 1). 1 The term ‘connective tissue disease’ is increasingly used to designate genetic conditions that affect the structural integrity of connective tissue, such as Marfan syndrome, and not only systemic inflammatory conditions. On this basis, the term ‘rheumatologic disease’ or ‘systemic autoimmune disease’ is adopted instead of ‘connective tissue disease’ in this review. Box 1 ### Main systemic inflammatory diseases #### Vasculitides #### Rheumatologic diseases (also known as connective tissue diseases) #### Granulomatous diseases #### Autoinflammatory diseases Cardiac involvement is not uncommon in SIDs, although major cardiac problems rarely present. Cardiac involvement may affect the pericardium (pericarditis and pericardial effusion), the myocardium (myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, rhythm and conduction disturbances, heart failure), coronary arteries (acute coronary syndromes, ischaemic heart disease), the endocardium (valvular disease, thrombi), and major vessels (aneurysm formation, arterial and venous thrombosis). 1 2 The reported frequency of cardiac involvement is variable, depending on the applied diagnostic method and patient selection. Technological improvements in imaging and the increasing spread of diagnostic methods have revealed higher frequencies of cardiac abnormalities in patients with SIDs than in older autopsy studies. The pericardium consists of a double layered sac that provides mechanical protection, reduces the friction between the heart and surrounding structures, and limits the distension of the heart contributing to diastolic coupling of the ventricles. Normally, this function is achieved by the presence of a small amount of pericardial fluid (25–50 ml) produced by the visceral pericardium. Infectious and non-infectious noxa are usually responsible for inflammation of the pericardial layers, with increased production of …
Selective and nonselective susceptibility of muscle fiber types. A new approach to human neuromuscular diseases.

DURING the past few years, our studies of the histochemical changes of skeletal muscle in human neuromuscular diseases and experimental animal models have gradually led to the development of an analytical approach which places major emphasis upon determining whether there is selective or nonselective involvement of muscle fiber types in each human and animal condition studied. Such determinations provide a new approach to the pathogenesis and etiology of the neuromuscular disorders. This report summarizes our current analytical techniques and conceptualizations, illustrated by examples from our present and previous investigations. Background Data and Hypotheses. — Histochemistry of fresh frozen muscle biopsy specimens from humans and animals demonstrates different degrees of enzyme activity in different fibers within the same muscle. The distinct histochemical characteristics of a given muscle fiber (which is a single, long, multinucleated cell) are maintained throughout its length, making it possible to obtain histochemical profiles of the individual
Distinct cytokine patterns associated with different forms of chronic dysimmune neuropathy

To better understand the presumed immune system dysregulation of chronic dysimmune neuropathy (CDN) patients, we designed a study to evaluate the levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the most common forms of CDN: chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG)‐related polyneuropathy (MAGnp). Sixteen patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for CIDP, 14 were diagnosed with MAGnp, and 36 were classified as exhibiting “chronic idiopathic polyneuropathy” (CIP). Cytokine production in mitogen‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by flow cytometry. CIDP and MAGnp patients were compared with CIP patients, those with monoclonal gammopathy without polyneuropathy (MGUS), and healthy controls (HC). We observed an increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the CIDP group, whereas interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) was augmented in the MAGnp patients. These distinctive immune alterations may represent a biological tool in differential diagnosis and future therapeutic approaches. Muscle Nerve 42: 864–870, 2010
Peripheral Nerve Amyloidosis

Peripheral nerve amyloidosis is the cardinal feature of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) but can also be seen in primary light chain (AL) amyloidosis and dialysis (β2‐microglobulin) related amyloidosis. The generalized neuropathy seen in all forms of peripheral nerve amyloidosis is similar, characterized by a severe progressive mixed neuropathy with autonomic dysfunction. Pathologically, amyloid is found in the peripheral nervous system as amorphous, eosinophilic, extracellular deposits. FAP is most commonly associated with variant plasma transthyretin (TTR), although it has also been described in association with mutant apolipoprotein A‐1 and gelsolin. There are now at least 36 point mutations in the TTR gene associated with FAP and these continue to be described. Recent studies on the possible role individual point mutations in the TTR gene may play in amyloidosis have helped give us an insight into the mechanisms behind peripheral nerve amyloidosis. This article reviews the clinical and pathological features of the peripheral nerve amyloidosis and discusses theories of amyloidogenesis based on studies of FAP.