Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raw Signal Simulation of Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter Over Complex Terrain Surfaces

In comparison with the conventional radar altimeter, synthetic aperture radar altimeter (SRAL) is developed with better along‐track spatial resolution and height precision. When SRAL improves the performance of height measurement, it also complicates the radar system designing, signal processing, data analyzing, and system testing. The SRAL raw signal is the result of the interaction between the transmitted signal and the complex terrain surfaces. Generally, the SRAL is used in ocean applications since the PDF can be derived from different ocean surfaces. However, the actual acquired SRAL waveforms can be from complex and variable surface, which may include mountains, cities, forests, lakes, and other types of terrain surfaces. These waveforms contain information about the surfaces of the Earth although difficult to analyze. This paper focuses on the study of the raw signal simulation of SRAL for complex terrain surfaces including land surfaces. The principle of radar altimeter, the electromagnetic characteristics of land targets, and the SRAL signal processing are analyzed. The geometric models are extracted from digital elevation model, and the scattering characteristics of the terrain surface are established with three scattering models. Finally, three cases of terrain surfaces, namely, ice surface, mountain area, and urban area, are simulated and validated against actual SRAL signals measured by the Sentinel‐3 SRAL sensor.
Reply to Reviewer #1

This study analyses ::: The : occurrence of events with increased and decreased integrated water vapor (IWV) and atmospheric temperature (T) at the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund and their relation to cloud properties and the surface cloud radiative effect (CRE) :: is :::::::::: investigated. For this study, we used almost 2.5 years (from June 2016 to October 2018) of ground-based cloud observations processed with the Cloudnet algorithm, IWV and T from :::: from :: a microwave radiometer (MWR), long-term radiosonde observations, and backward trajectories FLEXTRA. Moist and dry anomalies were found to be associated with 5 North Atlantic flows and air circulations in ::::::: transport ::::: within : the Arctic region, respectively. The amount of water vapor is often correlated with cloud occurrence, presence of cloud liquid water, liquid and ice water path (LWP and IWP). In turn, changes in the cloud properties cause differences in surface CRE. During dry anomalies, in autumn, winter, and spring, the mean net surface CRE was lower by 2–37 W m−2 with respect to normal conditions, while in summer the cloud related surface cooling was reduced by 49 W m−2. In contrast, under moist conditions in summer the mean net surface CRE becomes more negative 10 by 25 W m−2, while in other seasons the mean net surface CRE was increased by 5–37 W m−2. Trends in occurrence of dry and moist anomalies were analyzed based on : a 25-year-radiosonde database. Dry anomalies :::: have : become less frequent with rates for different seasons :::::: ranging : from -12.8 to -4% per decade, while the occurrence of moist event increases ::::: events :::: have :::::::: increased at rates from 2.8 to 6.4% per decade. Taking into account the relations between the anomaly types and cloud properties the trends might be related to an increase in cloud occurrence, LWP, and IWP. The change in cloud properties could, 15 in turn, modulate the surface CRE and lead to stronger surface cooling and warming related to clouds in summer and other seasons, respectively.
The Toxicity of Iodinated Radiographic Contrast Agents in the Clinical Practice

Iodinated radiographic contrast agents (IRCA) are pharmaceutical agents used to improve the visibility of internal organs and structures in X-ray based imaging techniques. However, IRCA may have adverse unwanted effects, ranging from a mild inconvenience, such as itching, to a life-threatening emergency. The adverse effects of IRCA include delayed allergic reactions, anaphylactic reactions, and/or cutaneous reactions. But exposure to IRCA may be associated also with the development of either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, presumably due to the effect of free, biologically active elemental iodine ions present in these agents. Among the side effects associated with the use of intravascular injection of IRCA, Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is undoubtedly their most important and frequent well known adverse reaction. The pathogenesis of CIN is discussed in detail including the factors that increase the incidence of CIN, the main ones being pre-existing renal impairment, particularly when associated with diabetes mellitus. Finally, the measures to reduce the nephrotoxicity of IRCA are suggested beginning with monitoring renal function, discontinuation of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, use of either iodixanol or iopamidol at the lowest dosage possible. The main procedure for prevention of CIN is an adequate hydration of the patient with either isotonic sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate solutions. A long list of references is provided that will enable readers a deep appreciation of the topic. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2574-4488.jna-14-601 Corresponding Author: Michele Andreucci, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Nephrology, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy, E-mail: andreucci@unicz.it
The bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) plays a pro-tumorigenic role in pheochromocytoma

This thesis showed that in most of human pheochromocytomas BMP7, a secreted growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily, is overexpressed and this positively correlates with features suggestive of higher malignant potential. BMP7 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of pheochromocytoma cells by signaling through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which in turn causes the upregulation of integrin beta 1 expression. The blockage of active Bmp7 pathway efficiently reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis of pheochromocytoma cells, thereby representing a novel therapeutic strategy for treating pheochromocytomas.
Enhancing Interprofessional Education Using Simulation Videos: A Nursing Education Perspective

Interprofessional education simulations can help to clarify roles and responsibilities of team members, and increase student’s interprofessional communication skills. Teaching students to communicate and interact in interprofessional teams is supported by the World Health Organization, Institute of Medicine, American Nurses Association, and the accrediting bodies of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, respiratory care, and physical therapy. This paper outlines three applications in nursing education for using interprofessional education simulation videos. Each application addresses aspects of the Interprofessional Education Collaborative Core Competencies (Interprofessional Education Collaborative, 2016). These interprofessional education simulations provide students with opportunities to learn the roles and responsibilities of other healthcare professions, gain interprofessional communication skills, and learn teamwork and leadership skills.
Comparative study on performance characteristics of PM and reluctance machines equipped with overlapping, semi‐overlapping, and non‐overlapping windings

In this study, the compatibleness/effectiveness of the proposed novel semi-overlapping winding (NSW) topology has been investigated by implementing into different synchronous machine technologies, namely interior permanent-magnet machine, synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM), permanent-magnet assisted SynRM, and double-salient reluctance machine. All considered machines have also been designed with different winding topologies; i.e. integer-slot distributed winding, fractional-slot concentrated winding (FSCW) in order to reveal the merits/demerits of the proposed NSWs. A comprehensive electromagnetic performance comparison has been presented. It has been validated that the proposed winding topology promises significant advantages; such as improved efficiency with substantially reduced total axial length, low eddy permanent magnet (PM) loss and low risk of irreversible magnet demagnetisation over conventional winding topologies. It has also been revealed that the implementation of proposed NSWs into the reluctance machines results with higher torque and power output than that of FSCWs.
Miniaturized Single-Ended-to-Balanced Arbitrary Four-Section Coupled-Line Coupler With Inherent Impedance Matching

In this brief, a single-ended-to-balanced arbitrary four-section coupled-line coupler with inherent impedance matching is proposed. The proposed coupler consists of four coupled-line sections which achieves a compact circuit layout. Besides, the even- and odd-mode equivalent circuits combining with the standard and mixed-mode <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters are adopted to derive the analytical equations. For demonstration, two prototypes operating at 2 GHz with different power division ratios (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 3) and different input/output impedances of 50/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50~{\Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 50/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100~{\Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, have been fabricated and measured. The sizes of two prototypes are 0.21 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\lambda }_{\mathrm{ g}}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 0.14 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\lambda }_{\mathrm{ g}}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed, which demonstrates the validity of the proposed design method and the circuit model.
Dual-Task Rehabilitation: The Science of Prioritization, Compensation, and Rehabilitating Dual-Task Tolerance in Geriatrics

Evidence has consistently established that older people with a higher frequency of falls are more likely to be affected by environmental stimuli or simultaneous responsibilities while attempting to maintain balance. Physical therapists have the skill and technology to evaluate a patient’s ability to combine tasks and to measure their tolerance of distractions. The science of dual-task testing, documentation, and rehabilitation has provided insight into who can be helped, how to help them, and how to aid in compensation when rehabilitation has not succeeded. This article reviews all of the aforementioned aspects of dual task for older patients, and some diagnostic groups, including some insight to the neurophysiology as well.
SEED GERMINATION AND MATURATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-A REVIEW

Seeds are highly dehydrated and naturally need water before germination. The primary part of seed germination is water imbibition until important level of water is attained. Once the imbibition is completed, seeds begin to germinate and seed plant emerges out. Hydrogen peroxide was first recognized as a virulent molecule that causes injury at totally different levels of cell organization and therefore losses in cell viability. Seed germination is the most polar part of the plant life cycle, poignant plant growth and productivity. The performance of peroxide in seed germination and seed aging has been illustrated in various studies; but the precise role of this molecule remains unknown. Behind the germinating seeds and young seedlings, there are some levels of peroxide which will be modulated via seed priming or acquisition. Seed aging is additionally ends up in a loss of germination potency that clarifies the harmful impact of H2O2. This review evaluates proof that shows H2O2 functions as a signal molecule in seed physiology in accordance with the renowned biology and organic chemistry of H2O2.Further, it clarifies the abstract of seed priming or acquisition is influencing the inter-related role of peroxide in seed germination and aging.
Autologous chondrocytes culture

Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to develop our own method of chondrocyte culture in tissue adhesive. Material and methods. The authors have established an optimal method of cell culture (preparation method and used media). The authors has shown that the described method of chondrocyte culture and implant preparation enables to obtain the amount of cells needed for implantation into the hyaline cartilage lesion within knee joint. Results and conclusions. Tissue adhesive based on autologous and allogenic fibrinogen prepared in RCKiK in Katowice is a beneficial and easy to use medium for the preparation of implants containing cultured autologous chondrocytes.
Disciplinary Actions and Procedures at Workplace: The Role of Hr Managers

Organisational discipline arises out of the need for management to be able to control the conduct of employees and to re-direct their energies towards the attainment of corporate mission and objectives. Discipline is management action that encourages and ensures compliance with laid-down rules and regulations, governing the smooth operation of an organisation. It is management’s responsibility to develop and maintain effective discipline within the organisation. As in most peoples’ management functions, HR managers have an extremely important role to play in the design and implementation of disciplinary procedures that are fair to all, and that cases of discipline are dealt with in accordance with the organisation’s laid-down procedures. For the purpose of this article, reinforcement theory attributed to Skinner (1974), form the theoretical framework for this article. This article examines the nature of discipline, the causes of disciplinary action, the importance of disciplinary procedures and the role of HR managers in discipline handling. The article further takes a peep into the impact of objective disciplinary measures on employees’ performance. The article therefore, concludes that for discipline to be a means of correcting or punishing misdeed in an organisation, management must learn to maintain discipline by applying standards in a consistent, fair and flexible manner.
Evaluation of nephroprotective and nephrocurative activity of Aegle marmelos on albino rats using experimental model

Background: Renal diseases are common now days because of multiple nephrotoxic drugs use like aminoglycosides, analgesic etc. Many diseases like Diabetes and Hypertension also contributing to renal diseases. One of the mechanisms for nephrotoxicity is production of free radicals. The phytochemicals obtained from some plants are claimed to be useful in prevention of nephrotoxicity. One of the good sources of these phytochemicals is leaves of Aegle marmelos (Bael) which has antioxidant property that can be useful in nephroprotection. Hence this study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective as well as nephrocurative potential of Aegle marmelos . Methods: Study was done on albino rats at LLRM Medical College as per CPCSEA guidelines after obtaining permission from IAEC. Nephrotoxicity was induced using injection gentamicin(40mg/kg). The nephroprotective and nephrocurative effect was quantified using serum markers (BUN, Serum creatinine) and histopathological changes. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc dunnet’s test. Results: When compared with gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity, rats those who received aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaves showed significant (p<.001) reduction in nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that leaves of Aegle marmelos possess siginificant nephroprotective activity.
Sustracción de fondo por varias características estables en el modelo

Resumen. Los métodos de sustracción de fondo basados en modelo con una única caracteŕıstica como la intensidad del ṕıxel, suelen fallar en la clasificación de escenas complejas. En este trabajo se propone ampliar los descriptores del modelo de fondo para considerar otras caracteŕısticas como la textura, la distribución de intensidades, escala de grises, color, y de esta manera mejorar la clasificación de cada ṕıxel. Para clasificar además se tiene en cuenta la caracteŕıstica principal y secundaria en cada región de imágenes tomadas con cámaras estáticas. En particular para la textura, se utilizó una modificación del descriptor simple y tradicional Local Binary Pattern (LBP) que resulta invariante a los cambios de tonalidades en escala de grises, y la rotación. Los descriptores fueron incorporados al algoritmo de sustracción de fondo Visual Background Extraction (ViBE), que identifica zonas de movimiento en las escenas, comparando distintas caracteŕısticas del modelo de fondo. El algoritmo propuesto se puede aplicar para detectar personas o veh́ıculos en aplicaciones para seguridad ciudadana, monitoreo de tráfico, entre otros. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la detección de objetos muestran que es factible utilizar varios descriptores del modelo de fondo para lograr mejorar la tasa de acierto y con bajo costo computacional, con la consiguiente ventaja para etapas de procesamiento posteriores, como el reconocimiento y el seguimiento de los objetos.
The Effect of a Four Week High Intensity Interval Training Programme on Physiological Health Measures – A Pilot Study

Introduction: High intensity interval training (HIIT) has repeatedly been shown to represent a time-efficient exercise strategy that induces many physiological, performance and health-related adaptations. A number of these positive adaptations have been demonstrated to occur within a 6-12 week period. However, it is unclear if a shorter intervention elicits similar effects. Aim: To determine the effects of a short term (4 week) HIIT intervention on health measures in recreationally active individuals. Methods: Sixteen healthy participants (12 females, 4 males, 47 ± 10 years; BMI 26.6 ± 3.6; <4 hours physical activity p/w) were randomly assigned to a control or HIIT group. All subjects underwent physiological health tests: blood pressure, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and body fat before and after the intervention. The HIIT group performed x2 HIIT sessions p/w for four weeks (10 x 60s intervals performed at 95% maximal aerobic capacity, interspersed with 120s of active recovery). The control group performed no physical training. Results: There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure post intervention in the HIIT group (130.8 to 126.4 mmHg for systolic, p<0.05, d=0.92 and 81.1 to 76.4 mmHg for diastolic, p<0.05, d=0.58). There was no significant change in the other health measures in either group. Conclusion: A four week HIIT programme has a positive effect on blood pressure, but does not influence other physiological health markers in recreationally active individuals.
A case report of a young female with plasma cells leukemia

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of plasma cell dyscrasias that can occur either de novo (primary) or as a leukemic transformation of end-stage multiple myeloma (MM). PCL is known with a poor prognosis and with a different biologic background, clinical, and laboratory features. Primary PCL presents more often with extramedullary involvement, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, elevated serum 2-microglobulin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, in addition to impaired renal function in comparison with MM. Here, we report a case of a young female who was admitted with excessive thirst, polyuria, lower backache, fever, and weight loss over 2 months. Peripheral blood smear showed numerous atypical looking plasma cells, and immunophenotyping on bone marrow (BM) aspirate demonstrated the presence of clonal plasma cells. She was admitted to adult hematology ward in Hiwa Hemato-Oncology Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq and received four cycles of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone chemotherapy, followed by two more cycles of dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin, and later, she proceeded to autologous BM transplantation. More details of the case are presented below.
One-dimensional Sn(iv) hydroxide nanofluid toward nonlinear optical switching

A new chemical method is developed for the preparation of a unique one-dimensional (1D) Sn(IV) hydroxide nanofluid. The 1D-Sn(IV) hydroxide nanowires of ca. 600 nm in length and ca. 25 nm in width yield transparent glass type flakes when the nanofluid is dried in air. The stability of the system, keeping it safe from sedimentation even after a year, is believed to rely on its high zeta-potential of ca. 55 mV (± 2.5 mV). We extensively investigate the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the system in order to evaluate its nanofluidic merits, resulting in thermal conductivity exceeding 1 W m−1 K−1. The nanofluid is further investigated for nonlinear optics (NLO) applications, revealing a reversible switching from positive Z-scan (convex lens) to negative Z-scan (concave lens) of the nonlinear phase when the laser power is tuned from 500 to 1000 μW.
Atrial Fibrillation Identification through ECG Signals

This paper presents an algorithm formulated to identify the atrial fibrillation complications through electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The ECG data for the study was retrieved from Physio Net which consists of normal, atrial fibrillation and other rhythms. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was used to remove baseline wanders. Pan Tompkins algorithm was utilized to detect the P, Q, R, S and T peak and thus the ECG signals were segmented based on each cycle. The morphological features were extracted directly from the time-series while statistical features were extracted after Stockwell transform (S-transform) was applied to the data. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and reliefF algorithm have been applied separately to select the optimum features for classification purpose. Bagged Tree ensemble algorithm, Decision Tree and k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithm were used as classifiers to identify atrial fibrillation through ECG signals. The classification results with and without feature selection techniques are presented. Prior to the feature selection, Bagged Tree is the classifier best performing classifier with 86.50% of accuracy, 84.38% of sensitivity and 91.94% of specificity. After feature selection, all the three classifiers have almost the same performance which is nearly 100% of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This shows that the proposed combinations of algorithms are reliable and able to improve the identification rate of the normal, atrial fibrillation and other rhythms using lesser number of features.
Patient And Provider Characteristics And Practice Patterns of Primary Care Physicians Of Weight-Related Counseling

Background: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends three types of health education counseling for use in primary care practices for obese adults patients (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ). While these recommendations are well known, a low percentage of physicians provide this counseling to their patients. The objective of this study was to investigate patient characteristics that influence counseling practices of primary care physicians. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data that was aggregated from 2008-2010 from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). The three types of health education counseling were the dependent variables, while patient characteristics were the independent variables along with provider characteristics as control variables. Results: The odds are increased for the patient to receive all types of health education counseling when: their obesity check box is checked versus unchecked (odds ratio [95%CI]: 0.33 [0.27-0.41] for diet/nutrition; 0.42 [0.33-0.54] for exercise; 0.19 [0.15-0.25] for weight reduction); when they are being seen for a preventive visit versus a new problem visit (odds ratio [95%CI]: 0.42 [0.31-0.56] for diet/nutrition; 0.49 [0.36-0.67] for exercise; 0.46 [0.33-0.65] for weight reduction); when they are being seen for a preventive care visit versus a pre/post-surgery visit (odds ratio [95%CI]: 0.28 [0.171 Redd, K. , Salloum, R. , Probst, J., et al. To be submitted to American Journal of Health Promotion.