Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conception de convertisseurs électroniques de puissance à faible impact électromagnétique intégrant de nouvelles technologies d'interrupteurs à semi-conducteurs

Actuellement, le developpement de semiconducteurs et la demande croissante de convertisseurs en electronique de puissance dans les differents domaines de l’energie electrique, notamment pour des applications dans l’aeronautique et les reseaux de transport et de distribution, imposent de nouvelles specifications comme le fonctionnement a hautes frequences de commutation, densites de puissance elevees, hautes temperatures et hauts rendements. Tout ceci contribue au fort developpement des composants en SiC (Carbure de Silicium). Cependant, ces composants creent de nouvelles contraintes en Compatibilite Electromagnetique (CEM) a cause des conditions de haute frequence de commutation et fortes vitesses de commutation (forts di/dt et dv/dt) en comparaison a d’autres composants conventionnels de l'electronique de puissance. Une etude des perturbations generees par les composants SiC est donc necessaire. L'objectif de ce travail est de donner aux ingenieurs amenes a concevoir des convertisseurs une methode capable de predire les niveaux d'emissions conduites generees par un convertisseur electronique de puissance qui integre des composants en SiC. La nouveaute du travail presente dans cette these est l’integration de differents modeles de type circuit pour tous les constituants d’un convertisseur (un hacheur serie est pris comme exemple). Le modele est valable pour une gamme de frequences de 40Hz a 30MHz. Des approches de modelisation des parties passives du convertisseur sont presentees. Ces approches sont differentes selon que les composants modelises soient disponibles ou a concevoir : elles sont basees sur des mesures pour la charge et les capacites ; elles sont basees sur des simulations predictives pour routage du convertisseur. Le modele complet du convertisseur (elements passifs et actifs) est utilise en simulation pour predire les emissions conduites recues dans le reseau stabilisateur d’impedance de ligne. Le modele est capable de predire l'impact de differents parametres comme le routage, les parametres de controle comme les differents rapports cycliques et les resistances de grille avec des resultats satisfaisants dans les domaines temporels et frequentiels. Les resultats obtenus montrent que le modele peut predire les perturbations en mode conduit pour les differents cas jusqu'a une frequence de 15MHz. Finalement, une etude parametrique du convertisseur a ete elaboree. Cette etude a permis de voir l’influence de la qualite des differents modeles comme les elements parasites du routage, des composants passifs et actifs et d'identifier les elements qui ont besoin d’un modele precis pour avoir des resultats valides dans la prediction des perturbations conduites.
A future perspective in crop protection chitosan and its oligosaccharides

Chitosan and its oligosaccharides have received much interest for potential application in agriculture biomedicine and biotechnology due to their biocompatibility biodegradability and bioactivity Synthetic bactericide treatment has been the main method for controlling diseases there is a growing international concern over the indiscriminate use of synthetic compounds on crops because of the possible harmful effects on human health and the emergence of pathogen resistance to bactericides Thus there is a worldwide trend to explore new alternatives in order to reduce the use of synthetic chemical agents This review focuses on the biological activities of chitosan and its oligosaccharides based on the latest research results Among the novel families of biological macromolecules whose relevance is increased in research are chitosan and chitooligosaccharides COS Both become a promising alternative treatment due to its antimicrobial activity They have a wide scope of application in the food pharmaceutical agricultural industries COS are known to have eliciting activities leading to a variety of defence responses in plants in response to microbial infections to reduce the negative impact of diseases on yield and quality of crops This review reiterates the properties and uses of chitosan and its oligosaccharides and focuses on their applications on plant bacterial infections
Inhibition of Both the Autocrine and the Paracrine Growth of Human Leukemia with a Fully Human Antibody Directed Against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) have been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor-associated angiogenesis. Here we show that certain "liquid" tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia not only produce VEGF but also express functional VEGFR, resulting in an autocrine loop for tumor growth and propagation. In addition, the leukemia-derived VEGF can also stimulate the production of growth factors, including interleukin 6 (IL6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), by human endothelial cells, which in turn further promotes the growth of leukemia cells (the paracrine loop). A fully human anti-VEGFR2 (or kinase insert domain-containing receptor, KDR) antibody, IMC-2C6, strongly blocks KDR/VEGF interaction and neutralizes VEGF-stimulated activation of KDR in endothelial cells. In a system where leukemia cells are co-cultured with endothelial cells, IMC-2C6 inhibits both the production of IL6 and GM-CSF by endothelial cells and the growth of leukemia cells. Finally, IMC-2C6 effectively blocks VEGF-induced migration of KDR+ human leukemia cells, and when administered in vivo, significantly prolonged survival of mice inoculated with KDR+ human leukemia cells. Taken together, our data suggest that anti-KDR antibodies may have broad applications in the treatment of both solid tumors and certain types of leukemia.
Has desmoplastic response extent protective action against tumor aggressiveness in gastric carcinoma?

A clinical assessment of protective action of desmoplastic response by limiting tumor aggressiveness has been carried out in 171 patients with gastric carcinoma, surgically treated at the First Surgical Clinic of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" between 1988-1999. A univariate statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method for: desmoplastic reaction, age, sex, histologic type, tumor size, stage, lymphonodal status and metastases. To determine the influence of these factors on prognosis, the Cox regression was applied. We found a significant association between desmoplastic reaction extent and presence or absence of metastases (p= 0.026), lymphonodal involvement (p = 0.05), stage (p = 0.036). In the univariate analysis, survival was significantly related to sex (p = 0.012), tumor size (p = 0.009), lymphonodal involvement (p = 0.000), metastases (p = 0.000), stage (p = 0.000), desmoplastic reaction extent (p = 0.05); age and histologic type showed no relationship (p = n.s.). The desmoplastic response extent is not a protective factor against tumor invasiveness in gastric carcinoma, on the contrary it may be considered a negative prognostic factor.
Relationship between reversibility score on corresponding left ventricular segments and fractional flow reserve in coronary artery disease

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the correlation between the severity of perfusion abnormality detected by scintigraphy and the FFR value, as well as the localization of a particular coronary lesion. On the basis of FFR values and the corresponding left ventricular segments, we proposed a combined index to aim for better correlation with myocardial ischemia than the FFR parameter alone. Methods: Twenty-eight patients (male: 22, female: 6, age 62±7.62) having FFR measurements and myocardial perfusion SPECT studies were enrolled in our retrospective analysis. FFR measurements on 36 vessels (20 LAD, 6 LCx, 10 RCA) with intermediate stenosis (40%-60%) were compared to the Tc-99m SestaMIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT studies. SPECT studies were performed before the invasive procedure in all cases. We introduced a new ischemic index, the left ventricular ischemic index (LVIi), by combining FFR values with the number of corresponding myocardial segments (N) [LVIi=N x (1-FFR)]. This index correlated with the regional myocardial perfusion defects identified on the scintigrams. A perfusion reversibility score of 2 or above was considered indicative of active ischemia (regional difference score: rDSc). For the statistical analysis, we used linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to compare the different parameters. Results: A close linear relationship was found between the LVIi and rDSc values (p<0.001) with linear regression analysis. When analyzing all FFR values independently of the localization of the lesions, they also correlated significantly to the rDSc, but this relation was not as close. LVIi predicted active ischemia (≥2 rDSc) on myocardial scintigraphy with 78% sensitivity and 94% specificity when the cutoff value was set to 0.96. FFR alone predicted ischemia on scintigraphy with 72% sensitivity and 94% specificity at the best 0.8 cut-off value. The area under the ROC curve was significantly higher for LVIi than FFR (0.94 vs. 0.87; p<0.05). Conclusion: The scintigraphic data indicate that an LVIi >0.96 implies a clinically relevant stenotic lesion. In our opinion, FFR values, weighted with the corresponding left ventricular segments, should be taken into consideration for the best clinical decision-making.
Measurements of macula densa cell volume changes in isolated and perfused rabbit cortical thick ascending limb. I. Isosmotic and anisosmotic cell volume changes.

A method to measure time-dependent volume changes in macula densa (MD) cells is described. Cell volume is calculated from cell height measurements for which an image-splitting eyepiece is used. This paper presents the results of experiments designed to investigate the behaviour of the macula densa cells in anisosmotic media, to evaluate the cell volume response to sudden decreases in luminal or peritubular osmolarity and to examine the effect of different luminal NaCl concentrations on the steady-state isosmotic cell volume and on the regulatory volume response to anisosmotic media. The result showed that induced alteration in macula densa cell volume did not change macula densa surface area, but only cell height. The mean control cell height was 13.3 microns +/- 0.4. When MD cells were exposed to a luminal osmolarity of 180 mosM (control 300 mosM) they swelled only to 1.19 +/- 0.02 of the control value and with furosemide present to 1.13 +/- 0.02 or with low NaCl to 1.13 +/- 0.01. While after 5 min of exposure values were 1.15 +/- 0.03, 0.99 +/- 0.02 and 1.02 +/- 0.02, respectively. Addition of furosemide (10(-4) M) to the luminal perfusate (300 mosM) resulted in a rapid decrease in cell height to 0.8 +/- 0.02 in relation to control. When furosemide was removed cell volume was restituted (0.98 +/- 0.03). When luminal perfusate was replaced by mannitol and (12 mM Na+, 7 mM Cl-) cell volume decreased to 0.83 +/- 0.02 of the control value. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Equalizac ¸ ˜ ao Turbo para Canais Desconhecidos: Uma Abordagem Semi-Cega

ResumoNeste artigo n os discutimos um esquema semi-´cego para detecc¸ao e decodi cac ¸ao combinadas para canaisdesconhecidos e com interfer encia entre os s ´mbolos. O m ´etodoproposto usa um n umero reduzido de s´ ´mbolos conhecidos eminimiza a probabilidade de m a-converg´ encia caracter ´stica dosmetodos cegos, mesmo para canais com v´ arios coe cientes. Al´ em´do mais, o esquema semi-cego leva a uma menor taxa de erro debit e a um decr ´escimo na complexidade computacional quandocomparado com m ´etodos cegos. A reduc ¸ao em complexidadeaumenta com o n umero de coe cientes do canal. ´Palavras-Chave Equalizac¸ao turbo, algoritmo de Baum-Welch, estimac¸ao semi-cega, c odigos turbo, canais com IES. ´
Accuracy Enhancement in Code Clone Detection using Advance Normalization

Code clone is reuse of code with or without some modification. Software cloning is a methodology which can use particular part of code which is previously available but with some modification in that code to perform same functionality. Generally clones are considered very hazardous to the quality of source code. Code clone creates serious maintenance issues. Main drawback of code replicas is that alterations to one code segment may need to be propagated to several other similar ones. Various techniques have been proposed to find duplicated code. Many existing system can detect the Type-I, Type-II and Type-III clones to some extent. Normalization and code reduction technique are helpful to find the clones with greater optimization. Code reduction technique is efficient because it saves the storage space. Here proposed system presents the Advance Normalization which is an additional feature for even better accuracy in finding clones. Due to presence of insignificant zero in the code, detection tool gets affected in terms of accuracy. Advance normalization provides solution for elimination of the cipher problem.
Role of radial glia in cytogenesis, patterning and boundary formation in the developing spinal cord

Radial glial fibres provide a transient scaffold and impose constraints in the developing central nervous system (CNS) that facilitate cell migration and axon growth. Recent reports have raised doubts about the distinction between radial glia and precursor cells by demonstrating that radial glia are themselves neuronal progenitor cells in the developing cortex, indicating a dual role for radial glia in both neurogenesis and migration guidance. Radial glia shift toward exclusive generation of astrocytes after neurogenesis has ceased. Radial progenitor cell differentiation and lineage relationships in CNS development are complex processes depending on genetic programming, cell–cell interaction and microenvironmental factors. In the spinal cord, radial cells that arise directly from the neuroepithelium have been identified. At least in the spinal cord, these radial cells appear to be the precursors to radial glia. It remains unknown whether radial glial cells or their precursors, the radial cells, or both can give rise to neurons in the spinal cord. Radial glial cells are also important in regulating the axon out‐growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord.
THE TIME TAKEN UP BY CEREBRAL OPERATIONS

Mental states correspond to physical changes in the brain. The object of this paper is to inquire into the time needed to bring about changes in the brain, and thus to determine the rapidity of thought. When waves in the luminiferous ether of a particular length strike the retina a red light is seen, but a certain time passes after the waves have struck the retina before the light is seen: (1) It takes time for the light waves to work on the retina, and generate in the cells a nervous impulse corresponding to the nature of the light; (2) it takes time for the nervous impulse to be conveyed along the optic nerve to the brain; (3) it takes time for the nervous impulse to be conveyed through the brain to the visual centre; and (4) it takes time for the nervous impulse to bring about changes in the visual centre corresponding to its own nature, and consequently to the nature of the external stimulus. When these changes are brought about a red light is seen. It does not take any time for a sensation or perception to arise after the proper changes in the brain have been brought about. The sensation of a red light is a state of consciousness corresponding to a certain condition of the brain. The chemical changes in a galvanic battery take time, but after they are brought about, no additional time is needed to produce the electric current. The current is the product of chemical changes in the battery, but at the same time the immediate representative of these changes; and the relation is so far analogous between states of consciousness and changes in the brain. Again, as it takes time to see a light, so it takes time to make a motion. Changes in the brain, the origin and nature of which we do not understand (physiologically they are part of the continuous life of the brain, mentally they are often given in continuous life of the brain, mentally they are often given in consciousness as a will-impulse), excite the centre for the coordination of motions. The impulse there developed is conveyed through the brain (and it may be spinal cord) to a motor nerve, and along the nerve to the muscle, which is contracted in accordance with the will-impulse. We have here in the reverse direction the same four periods as in the case of a stimulus giving rise to a sensation. In each case there is the latent period in the sense-organ or muscle, the centripetal or centrifugal time in the nerve, the centripetal or centrifugal time in the brain, and the time of growing energy in the sensory or motor centre. Besides these [p. 221] two classes of processes, the one centripetal, the other centrifugal, there are centrimanent cerebral operations, some of which are given in consciousness, and make up the mental life of thought and feeling. These cerebral changes all take time, and, as I shall show, the times can in many cases be determined.
High SYNTAX score predicts worse in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

ObjectiveA high SYNTAX score (SXscore) is a predictor of adverse outcomes for stable and unstable coronary syndromes. We aimed to examine whether a high SXscore will determine in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. MethodsA total of 646 (mean age 56.1±12.5; 516 males, 130 females) patients with STEMI undergoing a primary percutaneous coronary intervention were evaluated prospectively. The study population was divided into tertiles based on the SXscore values. A high SXscore (n=196) was defined as a value in the third tertile (>21.75), and a low SXscore (n=450) was defined as a value in the lower two tertiles (⩽21.75). Patients were followed up for in-hospital clinical outcomes. ResultsIn-hospital cardiovascular mortality occurred more in the high SXscore group than in the low SXscore group (10.7 and 2.4%, respectively, P<0.001). In a receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, an SXscore value of 21.75 was identified as an effective cut point in STEMI for in-hospital cardiovascular mortality (area under curve=0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.83, P<0.001). An SXscore value of more than 21.75 yielded a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 71.5%. A significant association was noted between a high SXscore level and the adjusted risk of in-hospital cardiovascular mortality (odds ratio: 3.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–13.9, P=0.03). ConclusionOur findings showed that patients with a high SXscore undergoing primary angioplasty for STEMI have a poor in-hospital survival, and that a high SXscore represents an independent risk factor for in-hospital cardiovascular mortality.
Do hot electrons produce excess noise?

The open question whether excess noise is due to hot electrons or not is addressed for the first time by solving the Langevin Boltzmann equation. Not only is the bulk case analyzed but also devices. In contrast to the well-known Monte Carlo method this new approach allows the investigation of the spatial origin of the terminal current noise. It is shown, that excess noise is mainly due to cold or warm electrons, whereas the contribution of hot electrons in a velocity-saturation region is negligible.
Dual-Band A-Sandwich Radome Design for Airborne Applications

A dual-band A-sandwich radome is proposed for airborne applications. Each layer of the radome wall structure is dimensioned in a thickness of 1/12 wavelength corresponding to a selectable design frequency. The 3-D ray-tracing method is applied to numerical analysis of antenna-radome interactions. Results demonstrate the radome feasible for dual-band applications in the ranges of 1.53-1.60 and 6.49-6.75 times of the design frequency, respectively. The design method is proved convenient for designing dual-band radomes with selectable passbands, such as a radome for both X- and Ka-band applications.
In vitro recapitulating of TP53 mutagenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with dietary aflatoxin B1 exposure.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), in addition to other known factors, increases risk for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCCs from AFB(1)-exposed individuals frequently have distinct TP53 mutations, such as G to T transversions in the second guanine of codon 249 (AGG to AGT), and a characteristic mutational spectrum predominated by G:C to T:A mutations. METHODS To recapitulate the distinctive features of TP53 mutations in AFB(1)-associated HCC, we investigated AFB(1)-induced DNA adduction in relation to mutagenesis in transgenic mouse fibroblasts exposed to AFB(1) in vitro. RESULTS Immunodotblot determination of DNA adducts in the overall genome of AFB(1)-exposed cells revealed the dose-dependant formation of persistent imidazole ring-opened AFB(1)-DNA adducts. DNA footprinting analysis of the cII transgene in AFB(1)-exposed cells verified the dose-dependent and sequence-specific formation of DNA adducts. The preferential formation of AFB(1)-induced DNA adducts along the cII transgene was almost exclusively localized to guanine-containing sequences encompassing CpG dinucleotides. Mutation analysis of the cII transgene in AFB(1)-exposed cells revealed a dose-dependent induction of cII mutant frequency (P < .001) and a unique induced mutational spectrum characterized by predominant induction of G:C to T:A transversions that occurred within CpG sequence contexts. Notably, codons 42 and 45 of the cII transgene, which have identical sequence contexts to that of codon 249 of human TP53, constituted 2 frequently mutated sites in AFB(1)-exposed cells that contained the G to T transversion signature mutation at their third base positions. CONCLUSIONS In this model system, AFB(1)-induced DNA adduction and mutagenesis recapitulate the unique mutational features of TP53 in AFB(1)-associated human HCC.
Ultrasonographic follow‐up of liver cirrhosis

Ultrasonography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were prospectively used to study 100 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis. After a period of 20 months to 55 months, 21 patients had died, 23 were lost at follow‐up, and 56 patients were reevaluated. In the patients who died during follow‐up, the entry liver volume, measured by means of the hepatic volumetric index, was lower as compared to the 56 cirrhotics who survived. During the study period, liver volume significantly decreased to values similar to those observed, at entry, in patients who died. Moreover, esophageal varices increased in size, and the splanchnic veins enlarged. Abdominal ultrasonography provides data regarding the natural history of liver cirrhosis, which might be used, in addition to tests of liver function and endoscopy, as prognostic factors in cirrhotic patients.
DG-FEM for Time Domain H- $\Phi $ Eddy Current Analysis

A semi-explicit time domain method for solving eddy current problems is presented. The suggested method is based on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite-element approach and the H-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> formulation of eddy current problem. The DG-technique allows for explicit time stepping in electrically conducting domains without solving a large sparse ill-conditioned linear equations system. The H-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> field formulation enables the use of the magnetic scalar potential in electrically non-conducting domains that are discretized by using nodal finite elements. The application of the method is demonstrated by a 3-D example and the obtained results are verified by comparison with the corresponding frequency domain solution.