Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penguin responses to climate change in the Southern Ocean

Penguins are adapted to live in extreme environments, but they can be highly sensitive to climate change, which disrupts penguin life history strategies when it alters the weather, oceanography and critical habitats. For example, in the southwest Atlantic, the distributional range of the ice‐obligate emperor and Adélie penguins has shifted poleward and contracted, while the ice‐intolerant gentoo and chinstrap penguins have expanded their range southward. In the Southern Ocean, the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode are the main modes of climate variability that drive changes in the marine ecosystem, ultimately affecting penguins. The interaction between these modes is complex and changes over time, so that penguin responses to climate change are expected to vary accordingly, complicating our understanding of their future population processes. Penguins have long life spans, which slow microevolution, and which is unlikely to increase their tolerance to rapid warming. Therefore, in order that penguins may continue to exploit their transformed ecological niche and maintain their current distributional ranges, they must possess adequate phenotypic plasticity. However, past species‐specific adaptations also constrain potential changes in phenology, and are unlikely to be adaptive for altered climatic conditions. Thus, the paleoecological record suggests that penguins are more likely to respond by dispersal rather than adaptation. Ecosystem changes are potentially most important at the borders of current geographic distributions, where penguins operate at the limits of their tolerance; species with low adaptability, particularly the ice‐obligates, may therefore be more affected by their need to disperse in response to climate and may struggle to colonize new habitats. While future sea‐ice contraction around Antarctica is likely to continue affecting the ice‐obligate penguins, understanding the responses of the ice‐intolerant penguins also depends on changes in climate mode periodicities and interactions, which to date remain difficult to reproduce in general circulation models.
A prospective control study evaluating pregnancy outcome in PCOS patients: The bottom line truth of modern lifestyle

Introduction: PCOS are at the risk of pregnancy complications such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Hypertensive complications. Medical interventions that improve insulin sensitivity appear to have a positive impact on both early and late pregnancy complications in women with PCOS. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the pregnancy outcome in PCOS women with normal women and to study the incidence of pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortions, preterm labour, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, pregnancy and neonatal outcome in women with PCOS & to compare the mode of conception, need of reproductive assistance. Methodology: This study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College in 80 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic, satisfying the inclusion criteria. It was a prospective comparative study. The normal pregnant women, those who attended regular antenatal clinic during the same period and without medical illness such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and thyroid disease were used as the control group. Result: Present study conducted on a total of 80 pregnant women, 40 of who were among the women who had a history of PCOS (i.e. either in the form of scan or positive blood parameters). Age and parity of both the groups were comparable. We noted that 50% women needed help in conceiving in form of ovulation induction, in vitro fertilization & intrauterine insemination as compared to only 12% in normal women group which is statistically significant ( p <0.05). The maternal complications in the form of spontaneous abortion, GDM, Gestational hypertension, Pre eclampsia in our study was higher than the normal population which was found to be statistically significant. The rate of Caesarean Section Rate, we found statistically significant difference between PCOD women and normal women. The fetal outcome in terms of NICU admission was significantly higher in the babies born to the PCOS women with a p value of <0.05. Conclusion: Pregnant women with PCOD may become a high risk pregnancy at any time. Hence proper antenatal care is mandatory to prevent and treat the complications.
New Roles of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A in Cancer

Mitochondria are the main sites of energy production in almost all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria use oxidative phosphorylation to convert redox energy of substrates into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA; also known as TFAM) is necessary for both transcription and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and it is one of the high mobility group (HMG) proteins that preferentially recognizes cisplatin-damaged DNA and oxidized DNA. Loss of mtTFA causes depletion of mtDNA, loss of mitochondrial transcripts, loss of mtDNA-encoded polypeptides, and severe respiratory chain deficiency. Mitochondria play a critical role in cancer cell metabolism and are also essential for cell proliferation. It is well known that mitochondrial uncoupling mediates the metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Thus, mitochondria control cell survival and growth. In addition, the number of mitochondria correlates with the growth rate of cancer cells. The information gleaned from this review may provide critical clues to novel therapeutic interventions aimed at overcoming cancer. More detailed functional analyses of mtTFA should further elucidate its role in mitochondrial genome instability and apoptosis.c
The homocysteine pathway: A new target for Alzheimer disease treatment?

One of the known risk factors for developing Alzheimer disease (AD) is hyperhomocysteinemia. The latter may result from mutations of the genes coding for three key enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR], methionine synthase [MS], and cystathionine beta‐synthase [CBS]). Polymorphisms within the three genes have been shown to be positively associated with AD in some populations. Whereas MS and MTHFR polymorphisms have been described as AD risk factors independently on age at onset of the disease, two of the CBS polymorphisms were found to depend on age at onset of AD. The division of AD patients and controls into age‐at‐onset/age dependent subgroups (<65 years, 65–74 years, ≥75 years) revealed that the 844ins68 mutation and variable number of tandem repeats allele 19 are independent risk factors for AD development in subjects aged 75 years or more. Although homocysteine levels can be regulated by dietary intake of folic acid, B vitamins, and other components, the genotype‐dependent design of strategies for the maintenance of adequate homocysteine levels could be helpful for AD treatment. In addition to each specific genotype, age and age at onset of AD are important factors for specific regulation of the homocysteine metabolism. One of the molecules to take into account in the case of AD is choline, which serves as methyl‐group donor when MS activity is impaired. Drug Dev. Res. 62:221–230, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
INTRA-YEAR PRICE INSTABILITY OF COMMERCIAL CROPS IN INDIA: EXPLORING THE UNDERLYING DYNAMISM

One serious issue which creates far reaching repercussions in the commercial agriculture sector of India is the heightened instability in price both at the inter-year and intra-year level. An exploration of intra-year price instability, which is rarely addressed in the empirical studies, is attempted in this paper by selecting the case of four major commercial crops of India namely, Small Cardamom, Black Pepper, Natural Rubber and Tea. The study concludes that even in the scenario of integrated market setting price instability at the intra-year level is guided mainly by the seasonal character of supply. Hence, market offers high price to the farmers only when they have less to offer in the market and vice versa, which makes their income unstable in the short run, highlighting the need for stabilizing producers’ returns.
Relationships Between Developmental Stability and Fitness: Application for Conservation Biology

One of the most difficult tasks in conservation biology is identifying populations subject to stress before such stress has a detrimental impact on the population, thus allowing conservation and remedial action to be undertaken. Measuring fitness (fecundity, survival, etc.) changes directly is often difficult, expensive, or impractical. The ability of an organism to buffer its development against disturbances (developmental stability) is often considered an integral component of an individual’s fitness. Data are presented from a number of studies that establish a clear relationship between developmental stability and fitness in response to both genetic and environmental stress. Consequently, I suggest that developmental stability may be used as a surrogate for more direct fitness estimation for use in conservation biology and biomonitoring programs and that is has widespread application as an early warning system for monitoring the effect of genetic and environmental stresses on natural populations.
Sistema tutor inteligente basado en competencias (sti-c). Propuesta de arquitectura y diagnóstico

Un STI utiliza tecnicas basadas en la inteligencia artificial (IA), principalmente para representar el conocimiento, y dirigir una estrategia de ensenanza capaz de comportarse como un experto, tanto en el dominio de conocimiento que ensena como en el dominio pedagogico, donde puede diagnosticar la situacion en la que se encuentra el estudiante. De esta forma puede ofrecer una accion o solucion que le permita progresar en su aprendizaje. Un STI conjuga una propuesta formativa sobre un determinado dominio de conocimiento que podra ser una asignatura, curso, perfil profesional, etc., junto con unos criterios pedagogicos. Los STI pueden desarrollarse en un dominio especifico o en uno generico. En el primer caso el sistema asume criterios pedagogicos adecuados al dominio y que utilizara en los modelos y procesos educativos que cubren las necesidades formativas. Estos STI tienen un uso limitado a un unico dominio. Sin embargo, los STI genericos debido a su vision multi-dominio deben ser capaces de adaptar sus componentes a las especificaciones generales para abordar varios dominios de estudio y facilitar la adquisicion de conocimiento y su uso al alumno. Vemos que los STI genericos aunque mas flexibles son mas complejos, lo que origina la aparicion de problemas, tales como: a) Comprension del modelo: es dificil construir un sistema que integre distintos marcos teoricos, sentido y criterios de evaluacion, representacion del conocimiento, heuristicas ad hoc. b) Implementacion: la interpretacion de parametros y la configuracion de modelo no son tareas simples. En este trabajo se propone una nueva arquitectura de STI cuyo modelo pedagogico esta basado en la Ensenanza Basada en Competencias (EBC), planteamos innovaciones en la representacion del modelo de dominio, modelo del alumno y el proceso de diagnostico acorde con la EBC.
Gate-to-gate Life-Cycle Inventory of Hardboard Production in North America

Whole-building life-cycle assessments (LCAs) populated by life-cycle inventory (LCI) data are incorporated into environmental footprint software tools for establishing green building certification by building professionals and code. However, LCI data on some wood building products are still needed to help fill gaps in the data and thus provide a more complete picture for whole-buildings LCAs. Specifically, no LCI data are available in North America on producing hardboard and engineered wood siding and trim (EWST). This study used the internationally recognized LCI method to develop the gate-to-gate LCI data needed. Primary data were collected from four hardboard/EWST plants that represented over 42% of North American production. The primary data were then weight-averaged on a per-unit basis of 1.0 m of uncoated hardboard/EWST (768 ovendry (OD) kg/m) to calculate material flows and energy use. Cumulative allocated energy consumption associated with manufacturing 1.0 m of uncoated hardboard/EWST from 843 OD kg of various woody biomass feedstocks was found to be 30.2 GJ, with 42% of the primary energy provided by burning wood residues. Emission data produced through modeling the production process found that estimated biomass and fossil carbon dioxide emissions were 1,070 and 705 kg/m, respectively. Calculations estimated that 1.0 m of uncoated hardboard/EWST stores 1,340 kg CO2-equivalents, assuming carbon content of wood is 50%. Therefore, the amount of carbon stored in hardboard/EWST is about 75% of the total carbon dioxide emitted during manufacturing. Once peer-reviewed and formatted, these LCI data will be uploaded to the U.S. LCI Database for other LCA practioners and environmental footprint software providers to use in developing whole-building LCAs.
Early winter food habits of Manitoba moose as determined by three rumen analysis methods

Early winter food habits of moose (Alces alces) from Hecla Island and Manitoba game hunting area 26 in southeastern Manitoba were studied in 1978 and 1979. Twenty-five plant taxa were identified in 86 rumen samples. In decreasing order of importance, moose fed mainly on red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), willow (Salix spp.), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), bog birch (Betula glandulifera), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera). These taxa constituted about 98% of the diet by weight. Most rumens contained several of these taxa, with some containing traces of the uncommon ones. The diet of moose from the two study areas was similar, but Hecla Island moose showed a shift in diet from 1978 to 1979. The diet was not influenced by sex or age of the moose.Three methods of food habit determination were used: presence/absence, abundance score, and dry weight. All three methods yielded very similar results. Although some rumen samples had a v.
Compact and Wideband General Coupled-Line Ring Hybrids (GCRHs) for Arbitrary Circumferences and Arbitrary Power-Division Ratios

Coupled-line ring hybrids (CRHs) are presented for arbitrary circumferences and for arbitrary power-division ratios. They each consist of three single transmission-line sections and a set of coupled transmission-line sections with or without two identical capacitances and contain most properties of the conventional ring hybrids. Therefore, they may be called general CRHs and can be designed for the frequency performance better than that of any other conventional one. By adopting the coupled-line sections, the 180° phase shift can be guaranteed, regardless of fabrication technologies, but three or four unknown variables more should be considered additionally, which results in a complicated derivation process. To make it simpler, two conditions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}^{e}=S_{22}^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{22}^{e}=S_{11}^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{22}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are scattering parameters, and the superscripts of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are meant as even- and odd-mode excitations, respectively, are newly employed. To verify the suggested theory, two prototypes were tested for the power-division ratios of 0 and −5 dB without and with capacitances, respectively. The measured results are in good agreement with the predicted ones, and the measured bandwidths with 15-dB return loss are 82.9 % and 97.65 % for the power-division ratios of 0 and −5 dB, respectively.
Perbedaan Pengaruh Foot Reflexology Dan Massage Therapy Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Pada Lansia.

The aging process causes a decrease in the quality of sleep that occurs due to changes in the circandian process and homeostatic regulation that affects changes in normal behavior. Sleep quality can be improved by using non-pharmacological interventions, that is complementary interventions are foot reflexology and massage therapy. This study aims to determine the effect and different effects of foot reflexology and massage therapy on the quality of sleep in the elderly. This research used method Quasi Experimental Design by using Two Pre-Post Test Approach with Group Design, located at RW 8, Kelurahan Jajar, Laweyan, Surakarta. The total sample is 16 people. The data obtained were tested by Paired Sample T-Test and Independent Sample T-Test. Based on the results of the Paired Sample T-Test that has been done by researchers, it was found that giving foot reflexology and massage therapy affect the quality of sleep in the elderly with p = 0,000 (<0.05) for foot reflexology and p = 0.006 (<0.05 ) for massage therapy. Whereas for the different test the effect of using the Independent Sample T-Test was obtained p= 0.049 (<0.05). From the results of the study, concluded that there are influences and differences in the effect of foot reflexology and massage therapy on the quality of sleep in the elderly. Keywords: Reflexology, massage therapy, sleep quality.
Impact of different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategies on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis- based analysis of bacterial communities in soils/sediments from the Northern Jiangsu Oil Field, China

1 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China. 2 Guangdong Province Education Department Key Laboratory of Marine Petroleum Exploration and Development, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China. 3 Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People’s Republic of China. 4 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China.
Innovative Wege für die Informations- und Kommunikationsarbeit im Naturschutz – vorgestellt am Beispiel von Großschutzgebieten

Zusammenfassung Moderne Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) findet heute in deutschen, österreichischen und schweizerischen Großschutzgebieten breiten Einsatz. Dies unterstreicht die umfangreiche und vielfältige Nutzung unterschiedlicher Web 2.0-Komponenten und Anwendungen, die die Schutzgebietsverwaltung im Hinblick auf ihre Zielsetzungen unterstützen. Indes ist das Potential, das sich durch die Beliebtheit moderner IKT bei der Bevölkerung eröffnet, von den Schutzgebietsverwaltungen bei weitem noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft. Viele Anwendungen lassen sich noch op timieren und auch neue Ansätze sind zu entwickeln, um angemessene digitale Lösungen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Zudem gilt, werden Standards und Richtlinien zu Webdesign, Usability, Accessibility, Internetund Multimediakartografie, Social Media und mobilen Lösungen berücksichtigt, können qualitativ hoch wertige Applikationen entstehen. Hier ist zunächst relevant, Ressourcen bereitzustellen, die es ermöglichen, innovative Lösungen und kreative Konzepte zu entwickeln, um Technik und Belange der Natur so zu verknüpfen, dass die gesetzten Ziele von Umweltkommunikation und Umweltbildung erreicht werden.
Two new species of Cephalastor Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with a review of the phylogeny of the genus

Cephalastor Giordani Soika is a small Neotropical genus of eumenine wasps comprising 12 species, most of them described at the beginning of this century. The genus was revised by Garcete-Barrett, and a cladistic analysis carried out. Cephalastor humeralis n. sp. and C. minarum n. sp. are described herein, and the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus inferred from morphological data. A total of 34 characters were constructed (an increase of more than 209% from Garcete-Barrett's 2003 study) and new taxa added as outgroups. The monophyly of the genus was corroborated, and the relationships were stable under both equal and implied weighting schemes. New collecting records are added for Cephalastor bossanova Garcete-Barrett and Cephalastor estela Garcete-Barrett.
Investigation of Adoption of the Apprenticeship Framework in the Agricultural Sector in England

Agriculture in England is a sector that provides economic wealth for several families and businesses. However, it is noticed that the youth generation whose historical background is directly or indirectly related with farming have the propensity to shift towards studying [information technology] IT, business administration, law or construction. This is justified with the sacrifices required within the agricultural sector, knowledge acquisition and implementation, and in some cases with a low margin of profits. All these factors are believed [to] have influenced the escapism from the agriculture sector. The disproportion of educational focus will later result in an increase of the socioeconomic balance.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE BACTERIOLÓGICA DE OVOS DE GALINHA COMERCIALIZADOS EM GOIÂNIA, GOIÁS, BRASIL

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade bacteriologica de ovos de galinha de diferentes origens, obtidos em granjas de postura comercial e comercializados em diversos pontos varejistas em Goiânia, Goias, foram coletados ao acaso 816 ovos, totalizando 272 amostras, que foram encaminhadas ao Laboratorio de Bacteriologia do Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria da EV/UFG para o processamento bacteriologico do conteudo liquido. Os resultados obtidos indicaram 110 (40,44%) amostras positivas, tendo sido isoladas e identificadas bacterias da familia Enterobacteriaceae, sendo 4,46% de Salmonella spp e fungos Aspergillus spp. Ocorreu predominância de bacilos Gram-negativos, que podem causar alteracoes quimicas elevar a deterioracao microbiana, resultando em alteracoes organolepticas do ovo e representando potencial risco a saude publica. Conclui-se que, para a reducao de riscos alimentares, de origem microbiana, devem-se adotar medidas de biosseguranca em toda a cadeia de producao de alimentos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Enterobacteriaceae, qualidade microbiologica, ovos de mesa, poedeiras comerciais.
Growth and Characterization of L-Alanine Single Crystals with Different Solvents

Non-Linear Optical (NLO) property has been an inherent behavior of amino acid family crystals. L-Alanine single crystals coming under this category are grown from solutions with different solvent (acetone, ethyl acetate) and solvent combinations such as, Water : Acetone (3:1),Water : Ethyl acetate (1:1),Water : Ethyl acetate (1:3), Water : Ethyl acetate (3:1) at room temperature by solution growth method. Solubility of L-Alanine in selected solvents and solvent combinations in a range of temperature (303-318 K) was determined by gravimetric method. Grown L-Alanine single crystals were characterized with various instrumental techniques. The grown crystals belonged to orthorhombic crystal system which was confirmed by XRD and the lattice parameter values were also calculated. FTIR study confirms the functional groups and various modes of vibrations. The direct band gap of the grown crystals was found by UV-VIS spectroscopic analyses.