Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on the definitions of global mindset and cultural intelligence – merging two different research streams

Abstract The literature on global mindset indicates a growing array of different approaches to its definition and conceptualization. The components making up global mindset are often unclear and vary significantly between studies. Concomitantly, global mindset shows major overlap with the cultural intelligence construct. This leads to an unfortunate lack of comparability of research results and to potential confusion for readers. In this article, the authors systematically review and synthesize the existing definitions and conceptualizations of global mindset and cultural intelligence. These definitions and conceptualizations are grouped according to four dimensions of cross-cultural competencies: personal attributes, cognitive knowledge and skills, motivation, and resources for adapting behavior. Based on this analysis, we provide definitions and a demarcation of the constructs global mindset and cultural intelligence using the three levels of business management (normative, strategic, and operative). Whereas cultural intelligence is a sufficient cross-cultural competency for employees working in operative management, a global mindset becomes highly relevant at the strategic and normative management levels. We derive implications for management practice as well as for future research.
Fetal pulse oximetry for fetal assessment in labour.

BACKGROUND Pulse oximetry could contribute to the evaluation of fetal well-being during labour. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness and safety of fetal pulse oximetry with conventional surveillance techniques. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (November 2006), MEDLINE (1994 to November 2006), EMBASE (1994 to November 2006) and Current Contents (1994 to November 2006). SELECTION CRITERIA All published and unpublished randomised controlled trials that compared maternal and fetal outcomes when fetal pulse oximetry was used in labour, with or without concurrent use of conventional fetal surveillance, compared with using cardiotocography (CTG) alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two independent authors performed data extraction. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. We sought additional information from the investigators of three of the reported trials. MAIN RESULTS Five published trials comparing fetal pulse oximetry and CTG with CTG alone (or when fetal pulse oximetry values were blinded) were included. The published trials, with some unpublished data, reported on a total of 7424 pregnancies. Differing entry criteria necessitated separate analyses, rather than meta-analysis of all trials. Four trials reported no significant differences in the overall caesarean section rate between those monitored with fetal oximetry and those not monitored with fetal pulse oximetry or for whom the fetal pulse oximetry results were masked. Neonatal seizures and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were rare. No studies reported details of assessment of long-term disability. There was a statistically significant decrease in caesarean section for nonreassuring fetal status in the fetal pulse oximetry plus CTG group compared to the CTG group in two analyses: (i) gestation from 36 weeks with fetal blood sample (fetal blood sampling) not required prior to study entry (relative risk (RR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 0.99); and (ii) when fetal blood sampling was required prior to study entry (RR 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.44). There was no statistically significant difference in caesarean section for dystocia when fetal pulse oximetry (fetal pulse oximetry) was added to CTG monitoring, compared with CTG monitoring alone, although the incidence rates varied between the trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The data provide limited support for the use of fetal pulse oximetry when used in the presence of a nonreassuring CTG, to reduce caesarean section for nonreassuring fetal status. The addition of fetal pulse oximetry does not reduce overall caesarean section rates. A better method to evaluate fetal well-being in labour is required.
Improved insulin action in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue in physically trained human subjects.

The present studies were initiated to assess the effect of insulin on muscle, liver, and adipose tissue in eight control and eight physically trained individuals matched for age and body mass index. Results indicated that percent body fat was 53% lower and maximal oxygen consumption 50% higher in physically trained subjects. Although the plasma glucose response to a standard oral glucose challenge was similar in the two groups, the insulin response was significantly lower in the trained individuals (P less than 0.001). Mean (+/- SE) insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, quantified in vivo by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, was significantly greater in physically trained individuals at steady-state plasma insulin concentrations of approximately 10 microU/ml (3.41 +/- 0.14 vs. 2.73 +/- 0.22 mg.kg fat free mass-1.min-1, P less than 0.05) and 50 microU/ml (13.58 +/- 0.75 vs. 9.82 +/- 0.53 mg.kg fat free mass-1.min-1, P less than 0.001). In addition, mean (+/- SE) hepatic glucose production rate was lower in physically trained subjects at insulin levels of 10 microU/ml (0.63 +/- 0.19 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.22 mg.kg body wt-1.min-1, P less than 0.05) and 50 microU/min (0.18 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.17 mg.kg body wt-1.min-1, P less than 0.05). Finally, the ability of insulin to stimulate mean (+/- SE) glucose uptake above basal levels was greater in adipocytes isolated from trained individuals (94 +/- 10 vs. 56 +/- 14 fl.cell-1.s-1, P less than 0.01). On the other hand, no difference in specific binding of insulin to its receptor on monocytes was noted between the two groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Dilemma of Accountability and Good Governance for Improved Public Service Delivery in Nigeria

The public sector in Nigeria is irrefutably beset with gross incompetence and ineffective management. Perplexing difficulties endure in the Nigerian public sector in spite of a number of reform programmes that have been designed to enhance efficient and effective service delivery for almost two decades. The fact that public service has failed dismally to achieve its laudable objectives is the reason for the vote of no confidence passed on its administrators by majority of the Nigerian populace. The article examines the dilemma of accountability and good governance in Nigeria and demonstrates that the critical point in achieving meaningful developments in the country intrinsically lay with improved service delivery in the public sector. The basic reason why the public service has become the scorn of the people is because for too long, both the government and public servants have paid lip service to the crucial issue of effective and efficient service delivery. The article argues that improved service delivery will improve both the performance and the image of public service and re-awaken the citizens’ interest and trust in them to do business with public servants. It suggests that in order to bring sanity back to the Nigerian Public Service, all unprofessional tendencies such as ethnicity bias and nepotism in appointments and promotions, lack of security of tenure of office, and appointment of non-career public servants into key positions in the public service must stop. Also, effective service delivery must be tailored to the circumstances of Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data obtained from various sources. It therefore concludes that without a reawakening of the culture of accountability and transparency lost over the years, the trusting relationship needed to forge between the government and the governed for the actualization of good governance will not materialize.
308-nm excimer laser for the treatment of psoriasis: a dose-response study.

OBJECTIVE To determine the dose-response relationship of excimer laser-generated 308-nm UV-B radiation for treating psoriasis. DESIGN Pilot study with a before-after design. SETTING A university dermatology service. PATIENTS Thirteen consecutive patients with at least 4 large, stable psoriasis plaques. INTERVENTIONS Excimer laser-generated 308-nm UV-B radiation was given to each of 4 plaques, which received 1, 2, 4, and 20 treatments, respectively. Untreated areas within each plaque served as controls. Within each plaque, 8 doses based on multiples of a predetermined minimal erythema dose (MED) were tested in distinct sites. The multiples were 0.5 and 1 (low dose); 2, 3, 4, and 6 (medium dose); and 8 and 16 (high dose). At every treatment, the dose for each site remained fixed at the same MED multiple. A psoriasis severity index score was determined for each area before, every 2 weeks during, and 2 and 4 months after treatment. RESULTS The mean+/-SD MED was 203.03+/-57.84 mJ/ cm2. Treatment with high fluences produced significantly better results than that with medium and low fluences at weeks 4, 6, 8, and 10 (P<.05). At 4 months' follow-up, all sites that received low or medium fluences had recurrences, whereas those that underwent a single treatment at 8 and 16 MED multiples remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS With 308-nm UV-B radiation generated by an excimer laser, it is possible to clear psoriasis with as little as 1 treatment with moderately long remission. In contrast to traditional phototherapy techniques, this handheld excimer laser UV-B therapy is selectively directed toward lesional skin, thus sparing the surrounding normal skin from unnecessary radiation exposure. Treatment of other inflammatory diseases and limited psoriasis seems reasonable to pursue with this modality.
Management of locally advanced cervical cancer

Purpose of review Cervical cancer is a significant global public health problem. In underdeveloped countries where screening programs are not widely available and in underserved populations in developed countries, women commonly present with locally advanced disease that is not curable by any extent of radical hysterectomy. This review will critically evaluate the evidence supporting the available treatment modalities for locally advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. Recent findings Concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and radiation have demonstrated significant survival improvement for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Advances in imaging and radiotherapy technologies, the inclusion of newer agents to the chemoradiation regimens, the use of new hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit cell growth, with consequent increase in malignant cell kill fractions, are some of the new therapeutic options that may be used to improve the survival of these patients. Summary Continued improvement in understanding the natural history of cervical cancer, the limitations of the current staging system, and these newer therapeutic options will increase the efficacy of chemoradiation and improved the survival of these patients.
Expression of BMI‐1 in normal skin and inflammatory and neoplastic skin lesions

Background: BMI‐1 is involved in the maintenance of stem cells and functions as an oncogene in both lymphomas and solid carcinomas, acting by downregulation of p16ink4a. We have investigated the expression profile of BMI‐1 in normal and inflamed skin as well as in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).
Filamentous bulking control by sponge media in lab‐scale SBR process

Abstract Polyurethane foam sponge media were examined with respect to their ability to control filamentous bulking in a sequencing batch reactor process. In a high‐rate nutrient removal study conducted with a 201 lab‐scale reactor and synthetic wastewater of approximately 200 mgBOD l‐2, the presence of 20% v/v sponge media in the reactor improved the settling properties of biomass significantly, resulting in enhanced nutrient removal performance, i.e., <10 mgT‐N l‐1 and <1 mgT‐P l‐1 even at the HRT of 0.67 day. Without the support of sponge media, the suspended biomass was so bulky as to lead to its heavy washout from the reactor. A microscopic study under filamentous bulking revealed that the sponge media physically cut or broke biomass to shorter filaments and smaller flocs, mitigating the severe bulking condition. Indirect effects derived from the physical breakdown of biomass, such as more aerobic conditions in floes, are expected to further create favorable conditions for suppressing filamentous bulking.
Dietary acculturation of Arab immigrants in the Greater Toronto Area.

PURPOSE We explored the eating habits of Arab immigrants to determine whether they have maintained their traditional diet or have consumed a more Westernized diet since immigrating to Canada. METHODS Arab immigrants who had been in Canada for at least eight years and were currently living in the Greater Toronto Area were recruited. A sample of 24 Arab immigrants completed a mailed, self-administered questionnaire, and six participated in a focus group. The focus group discussion was transcribed verbatim and results were recorded. Latent content analysis was used to analyze, code, and categorize emerging themes. RESULTS Arab immigrants consumed a mixture of both Arabic and Western food and perceived their current diet to be healthier than it was before they immigrated to Canada. Factors that influenced their food choices included increased nutrition health awareness, differences in food preferences and preparation methods, and preservation of dietary practices in the new environment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will help dietitians who work with Arab immigrants to become more aware of factors that motivate this group's food choices, and to create nutrition programs that are more culturally sensitive.
The influence of maxillary incisor torque on the esthetic perception  of the smile.

PURPOSE An esthetically pleasing smile is one of our patients' main goals. However, it is not always clear that the esthetic perceptions of patients and clinicians are the same. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and quantify the discrepancies in the esthetic perception of maxillary incisor torque among professionals, and between professionals and the general public. MATERIALS AND METHODS A photograph of a 30-year-old woman was digitally manipulated to obtain nine smile images and nine full-profile images with various maxillary incisor torques, while maintaining the overjet. The images were evaluated in an online survey by three different groups: laypersons (LP, n = 21), orthodontists (OR, n = 20), and specialists in dental esthetics (SDE, n = 19). RESULTS From among the smile images, the LP group preferred the 80-degree option (the angle that forms the tangent between the crown of the maxillary incisor and the functional occlusal plane), the SDE group preferred the 75-degree option, and the OR group preferred the 70-degree option. From among the full-profile images, both the LP and the SDE groups preferred the 80-degree option, while the OR group preferred the 75-degree option. To analyze the data and verify or reject the hypotheses of normality and homoscedasticity, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. CONCLUSIONS The LP and SDE groups coincided, in contrast to the OR group, which preferred more protrusive torques and was less tolerant of retroclined maxillary incisors.
Adaptive Suppression of Severe Pathological Tremor by Torque Estimation Method

Tremor is a rhythmical and involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part. In addition to social embarrassment, tremor can be debilitating for daily activities. Recently, wearable active exoskeletons emerged as a noninvasive tremor suppression alternative to medication or surgery. The challenge in musculoskeletal tremor suppression is identifying and attenuating the tremor motion without adding resistance to the patient's intentional motion. In this research, an adaptive tremor suppression algorithm was designed to estimate the tremor fundamental frequency and calculate the proper suppressive force to be applied by the orthosis to the patient's arm. Stability of the closed-loop system and robustness against the parametric uncertainties were analyzed. An experimental setup was designed and developed to emulate the dynamics of a human wrist with intentional and tremor motion. A pneumatic cylinder and a sliding mode integral controller was used to apply orthotic suppressive force. The algorithm was implemented with an NI cRIO real-time controller and tested using clinical data from ten patients with severe pathological tremor. Experimental results showed tracking of the tremor frequency with less than 3-s response time, and an average 34.5 dB (98.1%) and 11.8 dB (74.3%) reduction of tremor amplitude at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies, respectively. The average resistance force to the intentional motion was 0.7 N and the average position error was 2.08% (0.18 dB). The results were compared with passive tremor suppression using a tunable magnetorheological damper.
A Comparative Analysis on Image Translation and Rotation Algorithms towards Implementations in Micro Aerial Vehicles

A comprehensive analysis on estimation of critical ego-motion parameters such as image translation and rotation using feature and intensity information method is presented. In feature approach, scale invariant feature transform is adopted, and in intensity method both frequency domain and compressive sampling (CS) techniques are considered. Comparative evaluation is performed with respect to their accuracy, time complexity and feasibility for deployments in aerial vehicles. A simplified version of frequency and CS methods has been proposed and experiments are conducted in standard image database and real time images. Results suggested that frequency domain approach performs faster in estimating motion parameters accurately. An indoor testing is also conducted on integrating the micro camera on a micro aerial vehicle to demonstrate the practicality and concept validation.
Tumor‐related prognostic factors for breast cancer

Interest in prognostic factors for breast cancer has been stimulated by the success of systemic adjuvant therapy for early-stage operable disease. Patients destined for recurrence can be selected for systemic adjuvant therapy, while patients not likely to recur can be spared the morbidity of unnecessary treatment. The number of tumor-related features available for prognosis has grown impressively in recent years. The purpose of this article is to review tumor-related biologic factors and relate them to prognosis and treatment objectives.
Nitrospira-Like Bacteria Associated with Nitrite Oxidation in Freshwater Aquaria

ABSTRACT Oxidation of nitrite to nitrate in aquaria is typically attributed to bacteria belonging to the genus Nitrobacter which are members of the α subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. In order to identify bacteria responsible for nitrite oxidation in aquaria, clone libraries of rRNA genes were developed from biofilms of several freshwater aquaria. Analysis of the rDNA libraries, along with results from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on frequently sampled biofilms, indicated the presence of putative nitrite-oxidizing bacteria closely related to other members of the genus Nitrospira. Nucleic acid hybridization experiments with rRNA from biofilms of freshwater aquaria demonstrated thatNitrospira-like rRNA comprised nearly 5% of the rRNA extracted from the biofilms during the establishment of nitrification. Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the α subdivision of the class Proteobacteria (e.g., Nitrobacter spp.) were not detected in these samples. Aquaria which received a commercial preparation containing Nitrobacter species did not show evidence of Nitrobacter growth and development but did develop substantial populations of Nitrospira-like species. Time series analysis of rDNA phylotypes on aquaria biofilms by DGGE, combined with nitrite and nitrate analysis, showed a correspondence between the appearance of Nitrospira-like bacterial ribosomal DNA and the initiation of nitrite oxidation. In total, the data suggest that Nitrobacter winogradskyi and close relatives were not the dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in freshwater aquaria. Instead, nitrite oxidation in freshwater aquaria appeared to be mediated by bacteria closely related to Nitrospira moscoviensis and Nitrospira marina.
Head Start at Ages 3 and 4 Versus Head Start Followed by State Pre-K

As policymakers contemplate expanding preschool opportunities for low-income children, one possibility is to fund 2, rather than 1 year of Head Start for children at ages 3 and 4. Another option is to offer 1 year of Head Start followed by 1 year of pre-K. We ask which of these options is more effective. We use data from the Oklahoma pre-K study to examine these two “pathways” into kindergarten using regression discontinuity to estimate the effects of each age 4 program, and propensity score weighting to address selection. We find that children attending Head Start at age 3 develop stronger prereading skills in a high-quality pre-kindergarten at age 4 compared with attending Head Start at age 4. Pre-K and Head Start were not differentially linked to improvements in children’s prewriting skills or premath skills. This suggests that some impacts of early learning programs may be related to the sequencing of learning experiences to more academic programming.
Surface adhesion‐mediated regulation of chondrocyte‐specific gene expression in the nontransformed RCJ 3.1c5.18 rat chondrocyte cell line

Recent evidence suggests that decreased chondrocyte function in osteoarthritis and other articular disorders may be due to chondrocyte dedifferentiation produced by altered regulatory signals from the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). However, there are currently no mammalian chondrocytic cell line systems adapted to the study of this process. We therefore examined the effects of ECM growth conditions on markers of differentiated chondrocytic phenotype expression in the nontransformed rat RCJ 3.1C5. 18 (RCJ) chondrocyte cell line, including type II collagen expression, aggrecan production, link protein gene expression, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor number. RCJ cells grown in monolayer on plastic exhibited a dedifferentiated phenotype characterized by flattened cell morphology, with >80% type I collagen and <5% type II collagen production, as determined by two‐dimensional gel mapping electrophoresis of collagen cyanogen bromide peptides. In addition, aggrecan production was low, and link protein mRNA was not expressed at detectable levels. After transfer to growth under minimal attachment conditions on the surface of a composite type I collagen/agarose (0.15%–0.8%) gel (CAG) for 7 days, RCJ cells developed a rounded, chondrocytic morphology and a pattern of differentiated, chondrocytic gene expression, with 79% type II and 8% type I collagen production. Steady‐state type I and type II procollagen mRNA levels were altered in parallel with collagen protein expression. In cells grown on CAG, aggrecan production increased 6‐fold, and there was a marked increase in both aggrecan core protein and link protein mRNA levels. In addition, maximal PTH‐stimulated cAMP generation increased 15‐fold in association with an increased PTH receptor number. Therefore, the RCJ chondrocyte cell line is highly sensitive to ECM regulation of chondrocyte‐specific gene expression.