Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The roles of bicarbonate and CO2 in transendothelial fluid movement and control of corneal thickness.

PURPOSE To determine whether maintenance of corneal hydration is dependent on bicarbonate ions and whether these ions can be derived from metabolic or exogenous CO2, and to investigate the relationship of transendothelial fluid movement to control of hydration. METHODS The thickness of intact or deepithelialized rabbit corneas was measured while superfused on the endothelial surface with either 33 mM HGO3-/5% CO2 buffered media or 10 mM HPO4- buffered media in the presence and absence of inhibitors of ion transport and respiration. The corneal surface was covered with either silicone oil ("normal" corneas) or with the same media used for superfusion ("swollen" corneas). ATP and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity were measured in endothelia scraped from the tissues after superfusion. RESULTS Intact and deepithelialized corneas covered with oil swelled at a negligible rate (4 to 8 microns/hour) in 33 mM HCO3- medium but at 45 to 60 microns/hour in HPO4- medium. Antimycin A altered neither of these swelling rates, but ethoxzolamide (0.1 mM) caused swelling in HCO3-/CO2 (approximately 12 microns/hour above controls) with no change of rate in HPO4-. Ouabain (0.1 mM) increased swelling to 45 to 50 microns/hour in HCO3-/CO2 but had no effect in HPO4-. Saturating the oil on deepithelialized corneas with 5% CO2, or putting HCO3-/CO2 medium on the epithelial surface of intact corneas, did not alter the swelling rates seen with HPO4- superfusion. The equilibrium thickness of deepithelialized corneas swollen with HCO3-/CO2 on both surfaces was 35 microns less than that of corneas swollen in HPO4-. The difference was abolished by ouabain, which caused corneas in HCO3-/CO2 to swell an additional 30 microns but did not alter the equilibrium thickness of corneas swollen in HPO4-. Ethoxzolamide and DIDS (0.2 mM) increased the thickness in HCO3-/CO2 but not in HPO4-. Na+,K(+)-ATPase activities of endothelia were similar after HCO3-/CO2 and HPO4- superfusions, but the concentration of ATP in the HPO4(-)-superfused tissues was increased 35%. CONCLUSIONS Normal corneal thickness can be maintained in vitro only in media that contain HCO3- at concentrations of more than 20 mM. Neither metabolic CO2 nor CO2 present in air-equilibrated, nominally HCO3(-)-free media can supply this requirement for HCO3-, even though these sources support the presumably related processes of transendothelial fluid movement and intracellular pH regulation.
ASSIMILAÇÃO DE DADOS COM REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS EM EQUAÇÕES DIFERENCIAIS

Resumo: Assimilacao de dados e uma ferramenta que combina de modo eficiente dados de observacao com dados de um modelo fisico-matematico para a determinacao do dado de analise, que e usado para executar o modelo de previsao. Esse processo e fundamental, por exemplo, na pratica operacional da previsao numerica do tempo e em circulacao oceânica. Com o desenvolvimento do sistema de observacao e a evolucao dos modelos numericos, a quantidade de dados disponiveis para serem assimilados e da ordem de 10 a 10, enquanto que, o numero de pontos de grade do modelo e da ordem de 10 a 10. Isso representa uma computacao intensiva e e um grande desafio desenvolver tecnicas que possam produzir um resultado de analise o mais preciso possivel, para produzir boa capaciade de previsao, o mais eficiente possivel e tornar o custo de computacao operacionalmente viavel, em um contexto em que o numero de pontos de grades e de observacoes sao exponencialmente crescentes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a ferramenta de redes neurais artificiais como uma tecnica de assimilacao de dados
THE GLOBAL ERADICATION OF SMALLPOX

Authors are requested to submit copy in duplicate, typed in upper and lower case letters, with double or triple spacing throughout. Articles should be preceded by a factual summary. The current Journal style for addresses and qualifications of authors. and for references. should be followed Photographs and line drawings should be submitted in their original form or as high· quality glossy photographic copies. All physical quantities. especially laboratory data. should be expressed in 51 units. For fuller directions. authors are referred to the Notes for Authors in the issue of January 26,1980.
Experimental design and simulation of a modified PWM with an indirect current control technique applied to a single-phase shunt active power filter

This paper presents an indirect current control technique applied to a single-phase shunt active power filter (SPSAPF) implemented with pulse width modulation (PWM) to compensate harmonics and reactive power of non-linear loads. This method uses a residual signal constructed from the comparison between the supply current and its desired value. The PWM control technique adopted is based on two comparisons of a triangular high frequency carrier signal and the source fundamental active current. This error signal namely +/spl beta/ and its opposite value -/spl beta/ are both used, at the same instant, to generate the gate signals for the semi-conductor devices. The PWM technique eliminates the group of harmonics that are centred on the odd multiples of the switching frequency. It is requires a relatively reduced L/sub c/C/sub c/ input filter. The use of the averaging technique with this modified PWM control has allowed considering that the active filter transfer function may be modeled by a pure gain. This enables us to easily design the two control loops and choose the regulator parameters. This control technique has been implemented on a single phase laboratory prototype using analog devices. Experimental and simulation results show the performance of the control algorithm for SPSAPF. These presented results highlight the performance of the SPSAPF to compensate harmonics and reactive power.
of the 23 rd Annual EMBS International Conference , October 25-28 , Istanbul , Turkey SENSORY FEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR PROSTHETIC HAND BY USING INTERFERENTIAL CURRENT

The purpose of this study was to develop a new type of sensory feedback system for myoelectrically controlled biomimetic prosthetic hand. One of the characteristic features of the neuromuscular control system in man is the increase in the compliance around the joint with decreasing activity of the muscle. We used interferential current that uses two waves and interfere to synthesize a low frequency in the body. One frequency was fixed at 4000 Hz and the other frequency was changed from 3700 Hz to 4000 Hz. As the result stimulus frequency in the body was changed from 0 Hz to 300 Hz. By the experiments, we measured that the subjects could distinguish the change of stimulus frequency and confirmed that the interference current is useful method for sensibility feedback device of a prosthetic hand. As a future task, we will try to produce a sensibility feedback device for a prosthetic hand, using the interference current
Life after Medicine: A Systematic Review of Studies of Physicians' Adjustment to Retirement

Background: A physician's decision to retire has personal and social consequences. While there has been growing interest in how individuals adjust to retirement, less is known about physicians' adjustment to retirement. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Ageline, Embase, Health star, ASSA, and PsycINFO databases for peer- reviewed studies published with quantitative and/or qualitative analyses of physicians' adjustment to, satisfaction with, and/or quality of life in retirement. Two independent reviewers performed data abstraction, a quality assessment and an additional reviewer resolved inconsistencies. Content analysis was used to identify and stratify information from selected studies into themes and subthemes. Results: Based on analyses of 12 articles that met the eligibility criteria, it is evident that retirement from medicine was seen as a generally favorable phenomenon. Financial security, favorable health, engagement in activities, and psychosocial well-being were identified as key factors relevant to physician retirement adjustment. Findings suggest that physicians' retirement transitions could be eased by a greater focus on financial planning, implementation of strategies to encourage the development of outside interests, and institutional retirement planning that honors the physician and takes place mid-career or well in advance of retirement.
Cardioprotective effect of bradykinin-induced preconditioning mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide in isolated rat heart.

AIM To study the mediation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the cardioprotective effect of bradykinin-induced preconditioning in heart. METHODS The isolated rat hearts were perfused in a Langendorff mode. The cardiac function and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. RESULTS Pretreatment with bradykinin for 5 min caused an improvement of heart function and a decrease of CK release during reperfusion [CK was (0.18 +/- 0.06), (1.07 +/- 0.14), and (0.37 +/- 0.15) U.min-1.g-1/(wet wt) for control, ischemia-reperfusion, and bradykinin, respectively, P < 0.01], and the effect of bradykinin was abolished in the presence of icatibant acetate (Hoe140 1 mumol.L-1) or CGRP8-37 (0.1 mumol.L-1) [CK was (0.37 +/- 0.15), (1.01 +/- 0.23), and (1.07 +/- 0.23) U.min-1.g-1 (wet wt) for bradykinin, Hoe140, and CGRP8-37, respectively, P < 0.01]. Pretreatment with capsaicin also abolished the protection of bradykinin [CK was (0.30 +/- 0.04) and (1.14 +/- 0.12) U.min-1.g-1 (wet wt) for vehicle and capsaicin, respectively, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION The cardioprotective effect of bradykinin-induced preconditioning was related to stimulation of CGRP release in the rat.
Técnicas de recolha de dados de investigação qualitativa

As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) estão a provocar alterações importantes na sociedade, em particular no modo como comunicamos, consultamos informação e a recolhemos. E na investigação qualitativa, haverá alterações provocadas pelas TIC? Esta pergunta orientou o presente artigo de revisão bibliográfica onde se concluiu que não havendo alterações significativas na forma das investigações, as TIC contribuem para facilitar a recolha e o tratamento de informação e aumentar o potencial universo de participantes.
An adaptive controller for inverter-interfaced DGs connected to grids with a wide range of unknown impedances

Significantly degraded dynamic performance, or even instability, can occur when connecting a distributed generator interfaced through an inverter to a grid whose impedance is significantly different than the one that the inverter is designed for. Previous solutions in the literature require measurement of the grid impedance and re-engineering of the inverter controller. In this paper, a novel, adaptive current control is proposed. It employs an embedded Model Reference Adaptive Control that turns the plant model with uncertainties into a known, desired model. Consequently, the controller can self-adapt to a wide range of grid impedances without problems of instability and degradation of dynamic performance. This allows mass manufactured inverters of a single design to be connected to grids of different stiffness. The design of the proposed controller and simulation verification results are presented.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Emtricitabine in Combination With Other Nucleoside Antivirals in Healthy Volunteers

Emtricitabine is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved as a once‐daily drug in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. Several phase I studies were conducted in healthy volunteers over the course of clinical development to evaluate whether pharmacokinetic drug—drug interactions exist between emtricitabine and other nucleoside antivirals that are extensively eliminated by renal excretion. Potential interactions with stavudine and famciclovir were evaluated in single‐dose studies, whereas interactions with zidovudine and its major metabolite, zidovudine glucuronide, were evaluated in a multiple‐dose study. Plasma pharmacokinetic profiles and, in some studies, urinary excretion data were evaluated when each drug was administered alone and in combination with emtricitabine. Safety and plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of each drug administered alone or with emtricitabine were consistent with historical data. Statistical analyses indicated that there were no significant interactions between emtricitabine and these 3 nucleoside antivirals.
Support vector machines in classifying normal and aggressive muscle actions of electrophysiological entropies

In the present study, entropy values of EMG series, collected from arms and legs of healthy volunteers by using 8 recording channels in both normal and agressive actions, by using six different methods (Lempel-Ziv Entropy, Shannon Entropy (ShanEn), Logarithmic Energy Entropy, Approximate Entropy, Sample Entropy, Permutation Entropy (PermEn)) have been classified with respect to three feature sets (all channels, only arms, only legs). In classification step; non­linear Support Vector Machines) with 5-fold cross validaiton was examined. The results show that stimulus parameters that stimulate muscle cells affect the level of complexity of EMG series. ShanEn and PermEn provide the best performance in classifying physical actions by means of EMG. The performance of both approaches have been improved by using Ensemble Learning with marginal function in classifying contrast physical actions. Measurements must be segmented to analyze EMG series.
Implementação de um algoritmo multi-escala para sistemas de equações lineares de grande porte mal condicionados provenientes da discretização de problemas elípticos em dinâmica de fluidos em meios porosos

O foco deste trabalho e aproximacao numerica de problemas envolvendo equacoes diferenciais parciais (EDPs), de natureza eliptica, no contexto de aplicacoes em dinâmica de fluidos em meios porosos. Especificamente, a dissertacao pretende contribuir com uma implementacao de um algoritmo multiescala e multigrid, recentemente introduzido na literatura, para resolucao aproximada de sistemas de equacoes lineares de grande porte e mal condicionados, proveniente dessa classe de EDPs, tipicamente associada a problemas de Poisson de pressao-velocidade com condicoes de contornos tipicas de fluxo em meios porosos. O problema concreto de Poisson discutido neste trabalho sera desacoplado do sistema de transporte de EDPs de conveccao-difusao, com conveccao dominante, e linearizado por meio do emprego de uma tecnica de decomposicao de operadores. A metodologia para a discretizacao do problema eliptico de Poisson e elementos finitos mistos hibridos. A resolucao numerica do sistema linear resultante deste procedimento sera realizado via um metodo do tipo Gradientes Conjugados com Pre-condicionamento (PCG) multiescala e multigrid. Combinamos as metodologias multi-escala e multigrid de modo a capturar os distintos comprimentos de onda associados aos diferentes comprimentos de onda do operador diferencial auto-adjunto de Poisson, fortemente influenciado pela heterogeneidade das propriedades geologicas do meio poroso, em particular da permeabilidade absoluta, que pode exibir flutuacoes em varias ordens de grandeza. Experimentos computacionais em aplicacoes de problemas de dinâmica de fluidos em meios porosos sao apresentados e discutidos para verificacao dos resultados obtidos. Abstract
Método numérico para la calibración de un modelo DSGE

En este articulo se propone un metodo numerico para la calibracion de un modelo de equilibrio general dinamico y estocastico (DSGE). Esencialmente, este consiste en utilizar un algoritmo hibrido de optimizacion, primero para encontrar un estado estacionario del modelo, y luego para minimizar una funcion objetivo que se define segun cual sea el proposito del investigador con el proceso de calibracion. El algoritmo propuesto consiste en una aplicacion del Simulated Annealing seguida de metodos tradicionales de optimizacion. Las bondades del algoritmo se analizan mediante simulaciones de Monte Carlo usando un modelo de economia cerrada cuyo estado estacionario no tiene solucion analitica. Los resultados de este ejercicio muestran que el algoritmo propuesto genera resultados mas precisos utilizando menos recursos computacionales que alternativas tradicionales. Por ultimo se presentan los resultados de la calibracion de un modelo para la economia colombiana que consta de 179 ecuaciones y que se ajusta a 50 razones con 50 parametros. La maxima desviacion porcentual entre las razones del modelo y los valores correspondientes de la economia colombiana es de 7.29% y en 29 de los 50 casos, esta desviacion es menor o igual al 1%.
Multilevel modular mesocrystalline organization in red coral

Abstract Biominerals can achieve complex shapes as aggregates of crystalline building blocks. In the red coral skeleton, we observe that these building blocks are arranged into eight hierarchical levels of similarly (but not identically) oriented modules. The modules in each hierarchical level assemble into larger units that comprise the next higher level of the hierarchy, and consist themselves of smaller, oriented modules. EBSD and TEM studies show that the degree of crystallographic misorientation between the building blocks decreases with decreasing module size. We observe this organization down to a few nanometers. Thus, the transition from imperfect crystallographic order at millimeter scale to nearly perfect single crystalline domains at nanometer scale is progressive. The concept of “mesocrystal” involves the three-dimensional crystallographic organization of nanoparticles into a highly ordered mesostructure. We add to this concept the notion of “multilevel modularity. ” This modularity has potential implications for the origin of complex biomineral shapes in nature. A multilevel modular organization with small intermodular misorientations combines a simple construction scheme, ruled by crystallographic laws, with the possibility of complex shapes. If the observations we have made on red coral extend to other biominerals, long-range crystallographic order and interfaces at all scales may be key to how some biominerals achieve complex shapes adapted to the environment in which they grow.
Computational foundations for attentive processes

Notions such as capacity limits pervade the attention literature. This presentation attempts to make these concrete and to discover constraints on plausible solutions to vision. Through the proofs, approximations, and optimizations to find architectures that plausibly do not violate biological constraints, important problems such as information routing and signal interference can be addressed. Perhaps the most important conclusion is that the brain is not solving the generic vision problem. Rather, the generic problem is reshaped through approximations so that it becomes solvable by the amount of processing power available for vision. Selective attention in feature, image, and object space plays a necessary role.
A G-Band High Power Frequency Doubler in Transferred-Substrate InP HBT Technology

This letter presents a G-band balanced frequency doubler with high output power, realized using a 800 nm transferred-substrate InP-HBT process. The doubler delivers 5 dBm ±3 dBm in the range 140-220 GHz. The dc consumption is only 41 mW. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the highest output power for a wideband transistor based frequency doubler in the 140-220 GHz frequency range published so far. The results show the ability to implement a high output power G-band source in transferred-substrate InP HBT technology.
Seizure exacerbation associated with inhibition of progesterone metabolism

The reduced progesterone metabolite tetrahydroprogesterone is a potent positive modulator of GABAA chloride conductance that exerts powerful neuroinhibitiory and antiseizure effects in animal models. Cyclic natural progesterone use may lessen seizure frequency in women with catamenial seizure exacerbation. We report a case in which efficacy was eliminated during concomitant treatment with a reductase inhibitor. The observation suggests that a reduced metabolite, rather than progesterone itself, was responsible for improved seizure control. Ann Neurol 2003;53:390–391
How was your day?: a companion ECA

We demonstrate a "Companion" ECA, which is able to provide advice and support to the user, taking into account emotions expressed by her through dialogue. The integration of all required multimodal I/O components is based on interaction strategies defining the shape of dialogue, on the ECA's response times, and on the underlying affective strategy. The system supports free conversation on an everyday life scenario in which the user comments her day at the office.
Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors: recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the outcome of 200 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who were treated at a single institution and followed up prospectively. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA A GIST is a visceral sarcoma that arises from the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment because adjuvant therapy is unproven. METHODS Two hundred patients with malignant GIST were admitted and treated at Memorial Hospital during the past 16 years. Patient, tumor, and treatment variables were analyzed to identify patterns of tumor recurrence and factors that predict survival. RESULTS Of the 200 patients, 46% had primary disease without metastasis, 47% had metastasis, and 7% had isolated local recurrence. In patients with primary disease who underwent complete resection of gross disease (n = 80), the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 54%, and survival was predicted by tumor size but not microscopic margins of resection. Recurrence of disease after resection was predominantly intraabdominal and involved the original tumor site, peritoneum, and liver. CONCLUSIONS GISTs are uncommon sarcomas. Tumor size predicts disease-specific survival in patients with primary disease who undergo complete gross resection. Tumor recurrence tends to be intraabdominal. Investigational protocols are indicated to reduce the rate of recurrence after resection and to improve the outcome for patients with GIST.
TaVRT-1, a Putative Transcription Factor Associated with Vegetative to Reproductive Transition in Cereals1

The molecular genetics of vernalization, defined as the promotion of flowering by cold treatment, is still poorly understood in cereals. To better understand this mechanism, we cloned and characterized a gene that we named TaVRT-1 (wheat [Triticum aestivum] vegetative to reproductive transition-1). Molecular and sequence analyses indicated that this gene encodes a protein homologous to the MADS-box family of transcription factors that comprises certain flowering control proteins in Arabidopsis. Mapping studies have localized this gene to the Vrn-1 regions on the long arms of homeologous group 5 chromosomes, regions that are associated with vernalization and freezing tolerance (FT) in wheat. The level of expression of TaVRT-1 is positively associated with the vernalization response and transition from vegetative to reproductive phase and is negatively associated with the accumulation of COR genes and degree of FT. Comparisons among different wheat genotypes, near-isogenic lines, and cereal species, which differ in their vernalization response and FT, indicated that the gene is inducible only in those species that require vernalization, whereas it is constitutively expressed in spring habit genotypes. In addition, experiments using both the photoperiod-sensitive barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Dicktoo) and short or long day de-acclimated wheat revealed that the expression of TaVRT-1 is also regulated by photoperiod. These expression studies indicate that photoperiod and vernalization may regulate this gene through separate pathways. We suggest that TaVRT-1 is a key developmental gene in the regulatory pathway that controls the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase in cereals.