Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Case Study on Significance of Daylight in Classroom Setting at Sarajevo Campus

When designing schools, universities, or any educational centers, daylight in classrooms is usually one of the essential issues that take the architect's attention. Its importance comes from the fact that daylight can impact students' health, mood, and visual performance. Providing an appropriate amount of uniformly distributed light with glare protection is a significant factor in classroom design (Zomorodian Z S, 2016). This study is based on a literature review, studies, and articles researching the effect of daylight in a classroom environment on students' performance. It tends to define the significance of daylight design in the learning environment. This paper also deals with specifying and exploring all the conditions, factors, and elements that contribute to creating this successful daylight design in classrooms. Besides, it investigates the daylight design of the buildings at the campus of Sarajevo that will, later on, contribute to the creation of a design manual of all the considerations that need to be taken for schools and educational centers’ daylight design. The study is conducted at the campus of Sarajevo in the academic year 2019. The literature review, data study, and previous studies define the significance of daylight in the classroom environment and show the correlation between daylight and students' achievement in the classroom environment. It defines the elements and conditions of successful daylight design in classroom settings. The study explored the current state of the daylight design at the campus of Sarajevo detecting its lacks and obstacles regarding adequate illumination. Based on the literature review, an appropriate solution for the investigated classroom environment has been designed.
Understanding community assembly rules in managed floodplain food webs

Community assembly has been an important topic in ecological research and theory for over a century. Recently, restoration ecologists have emphasized the use of community assembly rules, such as environmental filtering, to better inform management actions. Although there has been a strong call for the use of community assembly rules in terrestrial restoration ecology, few studies have examined their potential use in providing habitat benefits such as food resources to native species in large-scale managed aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we found evidence of deterministic community assembly mechanisms in zooplankton communities in floodplain and seasonally inundated off-channel habitats in California’s Central Valley. Additionally, we found that all sampled off-channel floodplain habitat types had similar zooplankton communities and that assembly in floodplain habitats was governed by variables associated with increased water residence time. This study is the first to determine community assembly rules in floodplain-river ecosystems in order to assist managers in providing floodplain food-web benefits to native fish and wildlife species at the landscape scale.
The driving force for collaboration networks in environmental engineering in South Korea

Here, for the first time, coauthor network and cluster analysis were utilized in the environmental engineering field to identify the driving force for scientific collaboration among individuals and the formation of clusters. Papers published in South Korean domestic environmental engineering journals from 2004 to 2018 were assessed, which enabled identification of unique network characteristics that represent not only the field of study, but also the regional boundaries of the data source. Despite being limited to a single country, the study identifies network characteristics, such as scale invariance, that are typically found in other coauthor networks. Nine clusters were identified, the identity of which could be defined by two variables: research interests and author affiliations. The clusters were divided by the sameness or geographical proximity of author affiliations and problem-oriented research topics. These also describe the inter-cluster relationships, validating the notion that the two variables are the major driving force for collaboration networks. This study substantially advances the understanding of scientific collaboration in the environmental engineering field and can guide future studies, such as the role of coauthor networks in environmental engineering within or outside of regional boundaries and the role of networks in domestic publications in other fields of study
VOLATİLİTEDEKİ ÇOKLU YAPISAL KIRILMALARIN FİNANSAL RİSK YÖNETİMİ AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismada Dolar-TL kurunun finansal riskinin yonetiminde kullanilacak modellerin performansi uzerinde volatilitedeki coklu yapisal kirilmalarin olasi etkileri incelenmistir. Finansal risk yonetim modelleri olarak volatilite ongoru (volatlity forecasting) modelleri ile piyasa riski olcum modelleri esas alinmistir. Volatilitedeki coklu yapisal kirilmalarin tespitinde ICSS algoritmasi ile Bai ve Perron (1998, 2003) testinden yararlanilmistir. Zamanla degisen volatilite degerleri ise FIGARCH modeli ile tahmin edilmistir. Calisma bulgulari, Dolar-TL kurunun volatilitesinin coklu yapisal kirilmalar icerdigi fakat bu yapisal kirilmalarin dikkate alinmasinin risk yonetim modellerinin performansini artirmadigi sonucuna isaret etmektedir.
Earth Wind as a Possible Exogenous Source of Lunar Surface Hydration

Understanding the sources of lunar water is crucial for studying the history of lunar evolution, as well as the interaction of solar wind with the Moon and other airless bodies. Recent orbital spectral observations revealed that the solar wind is a significant exogenous driver of lunar surficial hydration. However, the solar wind is shielded over a period of 3–5 days per month as the Moon passes through the Earth’s magnetosphere, during which a significant loss of hydration is expected. Here we report the temporal and spatial distribution of polar surficial OH/H2O abundance, using Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data, which covers the regions inside/outside the Earth’s magnetosphere. The data shows that polar surficial OH/H2O abundance increases with latitude, and that the probability of polar surficial OH/H2O abundance remains at the same level when in the solar wind and in the magnetosphere by controlling latitude, composition, and lunar local time. This indicates that the OH/H2O abundance in the polar regions may be saturated, or supplemented from other possible sources, such as Earth wind (particles from the magnetosphere, distinct from the solar wind), which may compensate for thermal diffusion losses while the Moon lies within the Earth’s magnetosphere. This work provides some clues for studies of planet–moon systems, whereby the planetary wind serves as a bridge connecting the planet with its moons.
EARLY COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACTS ON SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT IN ROMANIA. PERCEPTION AMONG POPULATION WITH HIGHER EDUCATION

This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the society and environment in Romania. It is based on the results of a survey conducted in May 2020 to emphasise the perception and reactions of the higher educated population to unprecedented measures taken by public and health authorities during the lockdown. The analysis of the population perception addressed four significant aspects: the awareness of the risks of infection; the adaptation to pandemic issues; behavioural changes due to the disease outbreak; and the prioritisation of social and environmental measures, aimed at minimising the spread of the virus and diffusion of COVID-19 disease it causes. A reliable cross-sectional online questionnaire was performed on a final sample of 719 Romanian adults aged 18-75 years. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied, using SPSS analysis and procedure, and respectively Application Programming Interface (API). Findings pointed out that in Romania, the higher educated population considered the risk of infection as being moderate. Although, they initially questioned the restrictions, they subsequently followed social distancing measures, initiated resilience actions by adopting new sanitary habits, healthy behaviours and reconsidering the importance of an inclusive living environment. In their views, the management of the crisis at the national and local level is satisfactory, thus outlining the directions for actions and placing health and the environment along with social issues as top priorities and needs for the Romanian communities.
Applied of feed-forward neural network and facebook prophet model for train passengers forecasting

Train is public transportation that is widely used by people in Indonesia. Due to the high level of comfort at a low price relatively. Based on released data by PT KAI, the number of train passengers has increased in almost every holiday season, thereby, it is suspected that there are seasonal patterns with fixed and random periods. In 2013, the government issued a policy related to infrastructure development, then, it caused the number of passengers significantly increasing in the following year. Thus, we need a model that can accommodate these patterns to forecast the number of train passengers accurately. The use of neural network methods such as Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), nowadays, becomes popular in facing big data including unexpected fluctuation on the data. Additionally, recently, Facebook announced an accurate method of forecasting, called Prophet model, for data which have trend, seasonality, holidays, and missing data. Hence, the forecast for monthly train passengers on this research is modelled by FFNN and Facebook Prophet. The result shows that Prophet performs better than FFNN. However, the difference in the value of MAPE is not too large.
Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Solution of a Model of HIV with a Discrete Time Delay

We propose a mathematical model based on a set of delay differential equations that describe intracellular HIV infection. The model includes three different subpopulations of cells and the HIV virus. The mathematical model is formulated in such a way that takes into account the time between viral entry into a target cell and the production of new virions. We study the local stability of the infection-free and endemic equilibrium states. Moreover, by using a suitable Lyapunov functional and the LaSalle invariant principle, it is proved that if the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. In addition, we designed a non-standard difference scheme that preserves some relevant properties of the continuous mathematical model.
The Assessment of AquaCrop Model
in Predicting Rice Genotypes Grain and Biological
Yield under Water Management Conditions

The present study was conducted to assess the ability of AquaCrop model in predicting genotypes of rice genotypes grain and biological yield in water management on Rice Research Institute of Iran, for two consecutive years of 2017 and 2018. The type of experiment was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications per treatment. The main plot included of irrigation treatment at four levels, (flood irrigation, 5, 8 and 11 days intervals) and sub plot, included of Ali kazemi, Dorfak and Bahar rice genotypes. Evaluation simulated and measured grain yield and biological yield by adjusted coefficient of correlation and by absolute and normalized root mean square errors (RMSEn). The results indicated, the RMSEn for predicting the amounts of grain yield in validation and calibration phases for Ali kazemi, Dorfak and Bahar was assessed in the range of 6 to 8 and 8 to 9 percent respectively and the RMSEn for predicting amounts of biological yield in validation and calibration for rice genotypes was assessed in the range of 3 to 13 and 7 to 15 % respectively. The results showed that the AquaCrop model had acceptable accuracy in predicting grain yield and biological yield of the crop.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer using lanthanide-ion doped oxide nanoparticles as donors

We have demonstrated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between lanthanide-ion doped oxide nanoparticles acting as donors and organic acceptor molecules (Cy5). Due to the long nanoparticle lifetime and the large Stokes shift between nanoparticle absorption and emission, unambiguous and precise FRET measurements can be performed despite the presence of large free acceptor oncentrations. We determined FRET efficiencies as a function of Cy5 concentration which are in very good agreement with a multiple acceptor-multiple donor calculation.
Enhanced AES algorithm based on 14 rounds in securing data and minimizing processing time

Computer, Internet technology have grown exponentially, and constant evolution until today. The usage of digital data such as text, images, audio, animation and videos are commonly used in many aspects of daily activity. The continuous increase in the use of digital data transmission over a network and it exposed to the various kinds of attacks, unauthorized access and network hacking. Thus, it is very hard to ensure that the digital data transmission are secure from any attacks and unauthorized access especially for sensitive and important digital data. This has been raised researcher’s concerns on security of the digital data. Digital data security has become one of the most important aspects in communication. Cryptography is one of the most important technology for protecting digital data. As there is need for secure communication, efficient and secure cryptographic processing is needed for desirable platform overall performance. Improvement of any communication platform with secure and complicated cryptographic algorithms incredibly relies on ideas of data safety that is essential within the current technological global. This paper propose a Secured Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm with decreasing the rounds of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to 14 rounds in order to minimize encryption and decryption process time and increasing digital data security as well. The results have been proved that the proposed technique provides higher efficiency in term of encryption and decryption process time compared to other researches while increase security which has been proved by using avalanche effect test.
Latest Trends of Atmospheric Cells under Global Warming

Four atmospheric cells, Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, polar cell and walker cell, was introduced and latest trends of Hadley cell and Walker cell was given in this paper. From previous studies, a significant intensification of the Hadley cell is shown statistically by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Reasearch(NCEP/NCAR), NCEP1 and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast(ECMWF) Re-analyses(ERA40). In contrast, no clear change in the period is shown in the NCEP2 reanalysis while great differences of the structure of the Hadley cell from ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses are shown. A poleward expansion and strong weakening of the Hadley cell was found given the increased greenhouse gas(GHG) forcing. the inhomogeneous sea surface temperature(SST) change has become the most important factor on interannual timescales. The stronger Hadley cell will happen when the more central Pacific El Niño events happen. The stronger the Walker cell is, the more frequently the eastern Pacific El Niño events occur. In this paper, the changes of the cells under global warming are discussed. Global warming may cause the width of the Hadley cell to increase, exacerbating global warming in turn. Stronger Walker cell lead El Niño happens more frequently, doing harm to agriculture production
Pricing and Return Policies in a Competitive Market: A Consumer-Valuation Based Analysis with Valuation Uncertainties

In this study, we develop a series of consumer-valuation-based models to investigate the pricing and return policies of the sellers in a competitive e-commerce market. Differing from the competition models in literature, a novel two-dimensional valuation structure is built, which considers the valuations of a consumer on two products and the valuation differentiation of all consumers on each product. We consider both monopoly and duopoly (competitive) markets. In each market, two models are respectively developed, one with and one without the return policies. We derive the solutions for the four models, and conduct some analytical and numerical investigations. The results show that return policy with a partial refund is always chosen by the sellers in both monopoly and duopoly markets. Return policy benefits the seller in a monopoly market, but may not benefit the sellers in a duopoly market. In the duopoly models, one seller can be considered as a monopoly seller who meets a new competitor. Our results show that the monopoly seller will reduce its price by no more than 20% when there comes a competitor, and, counter-intuitively, it will meanwhile adopt a severer return policy to the consumers.
Modelo para la escritura de artículos científicos a distancia mediante tareas colaborativas

Para mejorar el proceso de escritura científica de forma colaborativa se han realizado múltiples investigaciones, como la elaboración de indicadores para medir el éxito de estas actividades y el desarrollo de herramientas informáticas que faciliten la ejecución de dicho ejercicio. Estos trabajos de investigación han tomado relevancia y pertinencia por las condiciones actuales de pandemia (COVID-19), debido a que las medidas de aislamiento general que se han establecido imposibilitan el encuentro y la interacción con otras personas, lo cual son valores importantes para tener éxito en cualquier actividad colaborativa. Por esta razón, en tiempos recientes, el proceso de investigación y escritura científica se ha dificultado, identificándose la falta de un proceso estructurado para organizar y sistematizar la investigación científica a distancia mediante medios virtuales. Teniendo en cuenta la problemática mencionada, se presenta un modelo basado en los aportes de la ingeniería de la colaboración que permite diseñar tareas conjuntas desde la virtualidad, añadiendo elementos del modelo Socialización, Externalización, Combinación e Internalización (SECI), el cual busca gestionar el conocimiento y hacerlo uniforme entre los autores. Para esto, se realizó una encuesta que permitió la abstracción de tareas comunes al escribir artículos científicos y se planteó un modelo para mejorar este proceso. Su validación se realizó mediante un caso de estudio donde un grupo de investigadores utilizan la propuesta y desarrollan la escritura de un documento de investigación. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron resultados prometedores acerca del modelo propuesto, con niveles altos de satisfacción entre los participantes. Finalmente, se constató que es un área de investigación en la que se pueden hacer aportes significativos al proceso de escritura científica en épocas de aislamiento a causa de la pandemia, donde el desarrollo de herramientas específicas para evaluar actividades colaborativas es una necesidad latente.
Knowledge and attitude of Khat growing farmers on the safe use and handling of pesticides in Haromaya Wereda, Oromia Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia

The awareness level of the farmers growing Khat regarding the safe use of pesticide was investigated in this study at Haromaya Wereda, Eastern Ethiopia. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, structured questionnaires, oral discussions, and field observations were organized with the farmers growing Khat on the safe use of pesticide. After the study sites were selected purposively, systematic random sampling of the target population was applied. The study result revealed that the farmers lack training on pesticide practices, and most of them use their own experience and consult their neighbours. The findings of the study further indicated that majority of the farmers do not believe that pesticides can be detected in the soil, fruit and leaves of tree, air, ground water and food. Nearly half of the farmers were aware of the harmful effects of using pesticide on insects and birds. The farmers have poor understanding of the effect of long term exposure to pesticides compared to short term exposure. The farmers' understanding of exposure to pesticides through respiratory system and mouth is relatively satisfactory compared to the dermal exposure. Over one third of the farmers had no knowledge of how to store pesticides in the right conditions. However, greater percentage strongly believes that pesticides should be kept out of the reach of children. Even though, majority of the respondents indicated that DDT was used on Khat, only few of them have knowledge of its illegal importation. The outcomes of the study confirmed the need of training on the safe use of pesticides to raise the awareness of the farmers and safeguard the health of the farmers and the environment. Key words: Knowledge, attitude, pesticide, environmental, health, Khat growing farmers, Haromaya, Ethiopia.
Correlation Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 and Exploration of Prevention Methods

In order to study the correlation of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations, five sampling points are selected in Hunnan New District of Shenyang City. The PM2.5 concentration inside and outside the five buildings were monitored in December 2018. After that, the writers analyze the variation characteristics and trends, and explore the prevention and control methods to indoor and outdoor PM2.5. The results show that there is a significant correlation between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentration, and the concentration is affected by opening or closing windows. When there is no indoor pollution source, indoor pollutants mainly come from outdoor infiltration. The prevention and control of PM2.5 pollution can be divided into indoor and outdoor aspects. Scholars often ignore the harm of PM2.5 to human body when they stay in the house. In indoor environment, PM2.5 is analyzed through aerodynamics. Due to the slow air flow, the inhalation volume of human body is more than that in the outdoor environment with fast air flow. In this paper, we will discuss how to reduce the harm of PM2.5 to human body and create a healthy living environment for residents.
Influence of overlap ratio and aspect ratio on the performance of Savonius hydrokinetic turbine

A strong contender for the utilization of the hydropower sources is Savonius turbine because of its good starting characteristics and simplicity in fabrication. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of overlap ratio and aspect ratio on the performance of a Savonius turbine for hydrodynamic application. The findings would be useful to decide design parameters of a Savonius hydrokinetic turbine. This study is conducted in three open channels namely small laboratory channel with depth of water 270 mm, large laboratory channel with depth of water 480 mm and a real life irrigation canal with depth of water 900 mm. Influence of endplates is studied to establish the significance of their presence on rotor performance. Maximum coefficient of power is observed for an overlap ratio of around 0.11 for Savonius turbines with aspect ratio less than 0.6. For a given overlap ratio, the increasing trend of the coefficient of power is observed with the increase in the aspect ratio. However, for aspect ratios greater than 1.8, the coefficient of power becomes nearly stagnant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.