Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipids, oxidative stress and endothelial function

Subject and aims of work presented in this thesis are that the ingestion of a fatty meal induces a state of transient endothelial dysfunction through a mechanism caused by increased oxidative stress. In type 2 diabetic subjects where there is generally an exaggerated response to a fatty meal, the effect on the vascular endothelium and generation of oxidative stress may be enhanced. I examined the effect of attenuating post-prandial lipaemia on endothelial function and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. I then studied the effect of antioxidant therapy (Vitamin Q alone on endothelial function and oxidative stress after a fatty meal and then in combination with Insulin lispro and chronic vitamin C therapy on post-prandial lipaemia, oxidative stress and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Using the technique of Ex vivo EPR spin trapping, I attempted to study the mechanism of lipoprotein peroxidation caused by post-prandial oxidative stress in type 2 diabetics and finally I examined the effect of a fatty meal on platelet nitrate responsiveness in type 2 diabetes
Varying Switching Frequency Control for Current-Fed Dual-Active Bridge DC–DC Converter With Constant Flux Density Change for Transformers

For current-fed dual-active bridge bidirectional dc–dc converters, a PWM plus dual phase shifted (PPDPS) control with varying switching frequency was proposed. To prevent magnetic core saturation, the flux density change of the transformer is kept constant in spite of the battery voltage and the load. The detailed loss breakdown was implemented by comparing with the conventional PPDPS with fixed switching frequency. With the proposed control, zero voltage switching performance is better with lower battery voltage and the conversion efficiency can be improved compared with fixed switching frequency control. The closed loop control implementation was given in detail. Both the steady state and dynamic response with different battery voltages are good. The effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by the experimental results of a 2.4-kW laboratory prototype.
How to exorcise the hazardous effects of ionizing rayst hat are capable to trespass the holes of the ozone layer and provoke serious damages to DNA of epythelial cells

Ozone layer measurement began in 1956 and its progressive and inexorable depletion has been measured from 1956, cause of the anthropogenic emissions of chlorofluorocarbons of sprays and all the devices apt to refrigeration. The United Nations in 1958 issued a report “Paceful uses of atomic energy” Gévève, 1958 where in Voll.8,9,10,11,12,22, 23,24,25,26,28 and 29 it is possible to notice that radiations characterized by high wavelength and low frequence are capable to trespass the ozone layer where “holes” are macroscopic. In this paper the AA have decided to refer all the kinds of biological transformations that can occur in human body owing to the ionizing radiations that trespass the holes of the ozone layers. The dosage of emission of γ-rays is measured in Sievert or in rem and in the article the AA report the yearly dosage Man was exposed before 1956 and the dosage of emission of the same rays nowadays, and this value is very impressive. The AA have created a cosmetic formula apt to protect skin from absorption of ionizing rays and experimented this lotion onto 10 volunteers who live close to an abandoned nuclear power plant in Campania (IT) where thousands of kilograms of radioactive waste are stowed. After ten days of application of the aforesaid lotion, it is possible to notice that after ten days all the volunteers show a suggestive decrement of various symptoms evoked by exposures to light dosages of ionizing rays (dryness of the mouth and difficulty of swallowing).
Primary school children's perceptions of infant feeding : exploring their awareness using an adapted 'draw and write' method

Background: Breastfeeding is recognised as the optimal feeding method, conferring short and long term benefits to infants and their mothers. In the UK some women do not initiate breastfeeding. Many commence formula milk feeding at birth or after a brief period of breastfeeding. Often women have decided how to feed their infants before conception or even during adolescence, prior to when infant feeding education has traditionally been provided. Negative attitudes to breastfeeding amongst some social groups, and lack of familiarity with the practice appear to contributing factors. This research has explored infant feeding awareness of children in primary schools as a first step towards informing appropriate health education interventions. Methods: Fifty six children aged 5/6, 7/8 and 10/11 years were recruited to the study from 3 schools in rural and urban areas of Southern England. Children were shown a series of drawings, and read a story about a hungry baby. They were asked to finish the story, showing how they thought the baby was fed, using the ‘draw, write and tell’ method, developed as an adaptation of ‘draw and write’. The children produced one or more pictures, often with text, and were offered the opportunity to talk about their work; the data were united in a ‘commentary’. Codes emerged, which were combined into categories. Mapping and charting techniques were used to identify five key areas for discussion. Results: The development, and flexibility, in children’s ideas regarding infant feeding was noted. Whilst breastfeeding was identified by some children, breastfeeding terminology and imagery were problematic for many. The prevalence of feeding bottles and references to formula milk were striking, with children identifying these as equivalent to breastfeeding. Solid foods were frequently referred to by children, and seemed to be identified with formula milk feeding rather than breastfeeding. Conclusions: For the first time this study identified primary school children’s awareness of different feeding methods and the inter-relationships between these methods. It appeared difficult for children to view breastfeeding as normal, perhaps because it is rarely seen or discussed, and formula milk feeding is so prevalent. The children were interested in the subject and it is anticipated that infant feeding education with these age groups would be beneficial. Introducing children to breastfeeding needs to be achieved with care and sensitivity, using language and imagery with which they are confident. In addition, the efficacy of ‘draw, write and tell’ and the challenges of using this method are discussed.
Landscape-Aware Performance Prediction for Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization

We expose and contrast the impact of landscape characteristics on the performance of search heuristics for black-box multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems. A sound and concise summary of features characterizing the structure of an arbitrary problem instance is identified and related to the expected performance of global and local dominance-based multiobjective optimization algorithms. We provide a critical review of existing features tailored to multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems, and we propose additional ones that do not require any global knowledge from the landscape, making them suitable for large-size problem instances. Their intercorrelation and their association with algorithm performance are also analyzed. This allows us to assess the individual and the joint effect of problem features on algorithm performance, and to highlight the main difficulties encountered by such search heuristics. By providing effective tools for multiobjective landscape analysis, we highlight that multiple features are required to capture problem difficulty, and we provide further insights into the importance of ruggedness and multimodality to characterize multiobjective combinatorial landscapes.
The state of community health information systems in West and Central Africa

Background The proliferation of siloed community-based reporting systems in developing countries has been observed to be inadequate in supplying community stakeholders and governments with the information they desire. There is a clear need for community-based reporting systems to feed into a single centralized, government owned information system. Here we assess the status of centralized, government owned community health information system (CHIS) in 17 West and Central African Countries.
State Anxiety Biases Precision Estimates in Volatile Environments

In an uncertain world, we must learn the statistical regularities to make accurate predictions about upcoming events. Real-world experiences are rarely certain, and residual uncertainty may motivate growing levels of anxiety: the excessive worry over future outcomes. How alterations in processing uncertainty affect learning in individuals with high levels of trait anxiety have been previously studied, yet still little is known about how states of anxiety shape learning processes. To test this, a state anxious and control group performed a reward-based learning task in a volatile environmental setting while we recorded electrophysiological (EEG) data. By using a hierarchical Bayesian model of performance, we quantified the effect of state anxiety on Bayesian belief updating and estimates of precision-weighted prediction errors in the brain. Our results reveal that state anxiety is characterised by a lower learning rate, lower precision estimates about volatility, and higher precision estimates about beliefs concerning understanding of task probability mappings. EEG analysis provided additional evidence linking the anomalous precision estimates in state anxiety to brain regions previously described to be involved in poorer learning in this population. These findings extend prior computational work on trait anxiety, suggesting states of anxiety in healthy human participants bias computational learning mechanisms.
Modeling Load Stochastic Jumps for Power Systems Dynamic Analysis

This letter proposes an approach to model power system loads as stochastic processes that incorporate both continuous and event-driven dynamics. The letter provides a brief theoretical background on the stochastic differential equations defining Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes with jumps used for the stochastic modeling of power system voltage-dependent loads. The all-island 1479-bus Irish transmission system serves to illustrate and test the proposed jump-diffusion model.
A 40-Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter Using a 0.16-pJ/bit SST-CML-Hybrid (SCH) Output Driver and a Hybrid-Path 3-Tap FFE Scheme in 28-nm CMOS

This paper proposes an SST-CML-Hybrid (SCH) output driver, and its corresponding hybrid-path feed-forward equalization (FFE) scheme, to enhance the energy efficiency of a PAM-4 transmitter (TX). Specifically, the SCH driver features one SST branch + one CML branch to co-synthesize the PAM-4 data, reducing substantially the signaling power, switching power and equalization power. The PAM-4 TX further integrates a half-rate serializer with 4-bit 3-tap FFE, duty-cycle correction circuits and a T-coil output matching network. Prototyped in 28-nm CMOS, the PAM-4 TX achieves a broadband return loss <−10dB up to 50 GHz, and occupies a compact die area of 0.0345 mm2. Operating at 40 Gb/s and at a 0.9-V supply, the TX dissipates 19.5 mW, of which 6.4 mW is due to the SCH driver. The corresponding energy efficiencies are 0.16 and 0.5 pJ/bit for the SCH driver and TX, respectively; both compare favorably with the prior art.
Soil Organic Carbon Mapping Using LUCAS Topsoil Database and Sentinel-2 Data: An Approach to Reduce Soil Moisture and Crop Residue Effects

Soil organic carbon (SOC) loss is one of the main causes of soil degradation in croplands. Thus, spatial and temporal monitoring of SOC is extremely important, both from the environmental and economic perspective. In this regard, the high temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution of the Sentinel-2 data can be exploited for monitoring SOC contents in the topsoil of croplands. In this study, we aim to test the effect of the threshold for a spectral index linked to soil moisture and crop residues on the performance of SOC prediction models using the Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) Sentinel-2 and the European Land Use/cover Area frame Statistical survey (LUCAS) topsoil database. The LUCAS spectral data resampled according to MSI/Sentinel-2 bands, which were used to build SOC prediction models combining pairs of the bands. The SOC models were applied to a Sentinel-2 image acquired in North-Eastern Germany after removing the pixels characterized by clouds and green vegetation. Then, we tested different thresholds of the Normalized Burn Ratio 2 (NBR2) index in order to mask moist soil pixels and those with dry vegetation and crop residues. The model accuracy was tested on an independent validation database and the best ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) was obtained using the average between bands B6 and B5 (Red-Edge Carbon Index: RE-CI) (RPD: 4.4) and between B4 and B5 (Red-Red-Edge Carbon Index: RRE-CI) (RPD: 2.9) for a very low NBR2 threshold (0.05). Employing a higher NBR2 tolerance (higher NBR2 values), the mapped area increases to the detriment of the validation accuracy. The proposed approach allowed us to accurately map SOC over a large area exploiting the LUCAS spectral library and, thus, avoid a new ad hoc field campaign. Moreover, the threshold for selecting the bare soil pixels can be tuned, according to the goal of the survey. The quality of the SOC map for each tolerance level can be judged based on the figures of merit of the model.
Role of automation in enhancing the accreditation process of engineering education

This papers discusses two critical challenges associated with the accreditation process of engineering courses and outlines an automation based approach to enhance the process. In largely populated countries like India and China enormous amount of engineering academic data, electronic and non-electronic is generated every year. The most obvious solution for such a problem in any other industrial sector is automation of the process involving- data collection and data analysis. The Indian engineering academic sector being slightly different than industrial sector, poses its own set of problems in automating the processes. One such problem being, the assessment of learning outcomes and accrediting the learning and teaching process. We believe a coordinated approach involving the concerned government bodies and a well-defined technical scheme to approach the problem from grass root level, would put the engineering academic sector at the forefront of adopting to the future. Here, we discuss a potential approach to contribute towards solving the aforementioned problem.
e-Operators on the Extension of Lattice-valued (U, N)-implications

Generalize fuzzy operators for the framework of lattices is the main objective of many recent researches. Here we present a study about how to deﬁne lattice-valued ( U, N )- implications i.e. the class of implications generated from a uninorm U and a fuzzy negation N . Moreover, we discuss about its extension from a lattice to a bigger one using the e-operator.
Nonlinearity Reduction in Disk Resonator Gyroscopes Based on the Vibration Amplification Effect

This article reports a novel method to reduce the electrostatic and capacitive nonlinearities in a disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) and to further improve its ultimate oscillation amplitude for performances improvement. The DRG consists of multiple rings, in the working mode, the outer rings always have larger deformation than the inner rings, which is called the vibration amplification effect (VAE). Based on this effect, we propose a method to reduce the nonlinearity in a DRG by optimizing the electrode arrangement, that is, by using the inner electrodes for driving and the outer electrodes for sensing. To verify this method, a DRG with eight layers of driving electrodes was designed and fabricated. The influence of the electrode positions on the nonlinearity of the DRG was theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested. The results show that by using the nonlinearity reduction method, the nonlinearity of the DRG can be reduced and the ultimate oscillation amplitude can be increased to 49% of the capacitive gap, which is much larger than the oscillation amplitude of traditional DRGs. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the DRG can be improved by 100% and the angle random walk and bias instability can be reduced by 53% and 63%, respectively.
MOVE-IT: Development and Evaluation of Efficient Training Procedures for Elderly Road Users to Support their Driving Competence

Summary: Evaluated training measures for improvement of elderly drivers’ driving competency lead to a considerable better driving performance, but so far are time-consuming and costly, making its nationwide implementation difficult. The aim of the present project was to develop and evaluate a modular training program for elderly drivers, which is easy, low-cost and time efficient. Based on an individual profile including driving related performance deficits and the individual need for mobility, a personalized training program is compiled. It includes individualized driving exercises, group sessions to refresh knowledge of traffic rules, consultation regarding the compensation of age-related restrictions and the use of driver assis-tance systems. For evaluation, a pre-post-design with 30 subjects was realized. The driving performance was measured through different performance parameters and increased through participation. Driving instructors rated the program useful and feasible. Participants were very satisfied with the concept of the training and evaluated it as being helpful. Therefore, this training concept seems to be promising for future use beyond the project work. A scientifically accompanied introduction of the training concept to several driving schools is recommended.
Diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors in clinical trials

textabstractAccording to the Central Brain Registry Of The United States (CBTRUS) statistical report (February 2012) the incidence rate of all primary non malignant and malignant brain and central nervous system tumors is 19.89 cases per 100.000 (11.58 for non-malignant tumors and 7.31 for malignant tumors). Malignant brain tumors account for only 1% to 2% of all adult cancers. As a comparison, in 2012, the incidence of women breast cancer was 121.2 (per 100.000). Tumors of neuroepithelial tissue are the most frequent malignant brain tumors with an incidence rate of 6.16. The most common tumor of neuroepithelial tissue is the glioblastoma (GBM) with an incidence of 3.2. Other histologies e.g. astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or mixed oligoastrocytoma have an incidence rate lower than 0.5. 1,2 The incidence of brain tumors increases with age, with an incidence rate is 8.59 for young patients (age 20-34) and 55.8 for elderly patients (age 65-74). Age distributions also differ by histology and grade. Glioblastoma peaks in incidence at age 65-74 and oligodendroglioma and low grade astrocytoma at age 35-44. Causes of brain tumors are still largely unknown. Various categories of risk factors are investigated in epidemiologic studies: geographic and ethnic, environmental (irradiation, pollution), lifestyle (food, alcohol, smoking bits, use of cell phone), medical treatments and conditions (allergies, infections), familial or hereditary. To date, inherited genetic syndromes, therapeutic ionizing irradiation are the only generally accepted risk factors of glioma genesis.4,5 In the last decade, advances in microarray and sequencing technologies allowed the realization of large gene expression and genome wide association studies (GWAS). Recently, two GWAS provided more insight into the genetic variants that influence an individual susceptibility to develop gliomas. 6,7,8 In addition to germline genetic risk factors, recent studies showed that acquired somatic genetic changes were associated with treatment response, disease progression and overall survival.9,10
A study of anemia among adolescent girls in rural area of hassan district, south india

Abstract: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls and to study the socio-demographic factors associated with anemia. Materials and methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in selected Anganwadi centres of rural area of Hassan district. Three and Fourteen adolescent’s girls (10-19 yrs old) were included in the study. The study was conducted from February to April 2011 (3 moths). Data analysis was done by using proportions and Chi-square test. Results: Prevalence of anemia was found to be 45.2%. A statically significant association was found with iron deficiency anemia, weight loss and anemia, pallor and anemia. In the present study it was seen that among the 45.2% of anaemic adolescent girls 40.1% had mild anaemia, 54.92% had moderate anaemia and 4.92% had severe anaemia. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was found, which was higher in low economic strata. It was seen that anemia affects overall nutritional status of adolescent girls.
Strukturiertes Training zur Tabakentwöhnung in einem Haus der Maximalversorgung: eine prospektive Studie

Background: Smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor, and smoking cessation is imperative for patients hospitalised with a cardiovascular event. This study aimed to evaluate a systems-based approach to helping hospitalised smokers quit and to identify implementation barriers. Design: Prospective intervention study followed by qualitative analysis of staff interviews Methods: The prospective intervention study assessed the effects of implementing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the provision of counselling and pharmacotherapy to smokers admitted to cardiology wards on counselling frequency. In addition, a qualitative analysis of staff interviews was undertaken to examine determinants of physician and nurse behaviour; this sought to understand barriers in terms of motivation, capability and/or opportunity. Results: A total of 150 smoking patients were included in the study (75 before and 75 after SOP implementation). Before the implementation of SOPs, the proportion of patients reporting to have received cessation counselling from physicians and nurses was 6.7% and 1.3%, respectively. Following SOP implementation, these proportions increased to 38.7% (p < 0.001) and 2.7% (p = 0.56), respectively. Qualitative analysis revealed that lack of motivation, e.g. role incongruence, appeared to be a major barrier. Conclusions: Introduction of a set of standard operating procedures for smoking cessation advice was effective with physicians but not nurses. Analysis of barriers to implementation highlighted lack of motivation rather than capability or opportunity as a major factor that would need to be addressed.
Deep Breathing and Downward Dog: Supporting Students with an EBD through Yoga

The purpose of this research project was to explore how school social workers are utilizing yoga as an intervention for youth who have an emotional/behavioral disorder (EBD). This research project was qualitative in design and seven school social workers from Minnesota were interviewed. Participants interviewed were school social workers from Minnesota that discussed how yoga was being used in schools to increase mindbody awareness and self-regulation among youth who have an emotional/behavioral disorder. Six themes emerged from the data including: normalizing yoga, benefits, yoga curriculum, feedback, barriers, and suggestions. Previous research has indicated that yoga is beneficial not only for the physical body, but for the mind as well, was found in the findings. The findings suggest the need for further research to be conducted relating to altering the use of yoga as an intervention in a more systematic way as well as how to adapt the yoga interventions to meet the needs of the group. Running Head: YOGA AS AN INTERVENTION FOR YOUTH WITH AN EBD 3