Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EPIC 219388192b—An Inhabitant of the Brown Dwarf Desert in the Ruprecht 147 Open Cluster

We report the discovery of EPIC 219388192b, a transiting brown dwarf in a 5.3 day orbit around a member star of Ruprecht 147, the oldest nearby open cluster association, which was photometrically monitored by K2 during its Campaign 7. We combine the K2 time-series data with ground-based adaptive optics imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy to rule out false positive scenarios and determine the main parameters of the system. EPIC 219388192b has a radius of RJup and mass of MJup, yielding a mean density of . The host star is nearly a solar twin with mass M⊙, radius R⊙, effective temperature Teff = 5850 ± 85 K, and iron abundance [Fe/H] = 0.03 ± 0.08 dex. Its age, spectroscopic distance, and reddening are consistent with those of Ruprecht 147, corroborating its cluster membership. EPIC 219388192b is the first mature brown dwarf with precise determinations of mass, radius, and age, and serves as benchmark for evolutionary models in the substellar regime.
Thermporal: An Easy-To-Deploy Temporal Thermographic Sensor System to Support Residential Energy Audits

Underperforming, degraded, and missing insulation in US residential buildings is common. Detecting these issues, however, can be difficult. Using thermal cameras during energy audits can aid in locating potential insulation issues, but prior work indicates it is challenging to determine their severity using thermal imagery alone. In this work, we present an easy-to-deploy, temporal thermographic sensor system designed to support residential energy audits through quantitative analysis of building envelope performance. We then offer an evaluation of the system through two studies: (i) a one-week, in-home field study in five homes and (ii) a semi-structured interview study with five professional energy auditors. Our results show our system helps raise awareness, improves homeowners' ability to gauge the severity of issues, and provides opportunities for new interactions between homeowners, building data, and professional auditors.
Design and Simulation of Evaluation Model of Teaching Reform Achievements in Colleges and Universities

: In order to improve the quantitative evaluation of the achievements of teaching reform in colleges and universities, and realize the descriptive statistical analysis and accurate evaluation of the results of teaching reform in colleges and universities, an evaluation model of teaching reform achievement in colleges and universities is proposed based on piecewise linear fitting and data mining, the characteristic attribute values reflecting the results of teaching reform in colleges and universities are constructed, including scientific research achievements, teaching results, college students' innovative ability and teachers' strength. Combined with descriptive statistical analysis method, the quantitative evaluation of teaching reform is carried out, and the statistical analysis model of teaching reform achievement evaluation in colleges and universities is constructed, and the attribute data of teaching reform results are processed by fuzzy C-means clustering. The feature quantity of association rules is extracted, and the segmented linear fitting is carried out according to the feature extraction results. The benefit correlation data of teaching reform results are mined, and the evaluation of teaching reform results in colleges and universities is realized according to the results of data mining. The simulation results show that, the model is used to evaluate the achievements of teaching reform in colleges and universities with good accuracy, which has good convergence of regression analysis, and remarkable reliability of evaluation results.
Search for $\boldsymbol{B\to h\nu\bar{\nu}}$ decays with semileptonic tagging at Belle

We present the results of a search for the rare decays B -> h nu(nu) over bar, where h stands for K+, K-S(0), K*(+); K*(0); pi(+); pi(0), rho(+) and rho(0). The results are obtained with 772 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider. We reconstruct one B meson in a semileptonic decay and require a single h meson but nothing else on the signal side. We observe no significant signal and set upper limits on the branching fractions. The limits set on the B-0 -> K-S(0)nu(nu) over bar, B-0 -> K*(0)nu(nu) over bar, B+ -> pi(+)nu(nu) over bar, B-0 -> pi(0)nu(nu) over bar, B+ -> rho(+)nu(nu) over bar, and B-0 -> rho(0)nu(nu) over bar channels are the world's most stringent.
The Forecasting Sales Volume and Satisfaction of Organic Products through Text Mining on Web Customer Reviews

The purpose of this study was to predict the online sales volume for organic products, identify important factors for selling organic products, and suggest web marketing strategies for organic product sales. Through the review of organic products on Taobao’s platform, the emotional analysis method is used to divide the review of crawling organic products into positive reviews and negative reviews. Using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method, extracting keywords, identifying important factors for selling organic products, using online survey methods and regression analysis methods, obtaining customers’ purchase intentions, and suggesting web marketing strategies for organic product sales, and by collecting data on organic products’ price, current price, free delivery, sales volume, number of customer reviews, customer reviews, organic labeling, and product fans on Taobao’s platform, the neural network analysis method is used to predict the online sales volume for organic products. This study found that packaging design, nutritional information, food quality, delivery risk, freshness, and source risk are the important online factors in the buying of organic products and the products’ fans, price discount, and number of customer reviews affected the sales volume. Therefore, the promotion of online services and logistics can be used to increase the sales of organic products. This research has an important role in promoting the sale of organic products and improving consumer satisfaction, providing consumers with safe and reliable products, and at the same time has important significance for promoting sustainable development.
Associations Between Maternal Dietary Choline Intake During Pregnancy and Developmental Outcomes in Toddlers

Recent studies indicate that adequate choline intake in pregnancy results in increased cognitive, motor, language, and behavioral scores in toddlers. The objective was to examine the relationship between maternal choline intake during pregnancy and children's developmental scores during the first two years of life. De-identified secondary data from a longitudinal study (NCT#0,328,1851) involving women with normal weight, overweight, and class I obesity (BMI:18.5- 35 kg/m,2 N = 251) during pregnancy and their children were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and linear models. Dietary choline intake was obtained by analyzing 3-day food records at each trimester using the Nutrient Data System for Research. Cognitive, motor, language, social emotional, and adaptive behavioral scores at 1 and 2 years of age were derived from the administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Adequate Intake (AI) for average maternal choline intake was only met by 4 of the 251 participants. Mean intake of maternal choline during pregnancy (281 mg/day) was significantly lower than the AI level of pregnant women (AI = 450 mg/day). Mean standard scores for Bayley-III domains were all within the normal range (102 for cognitive, 101 for motor, 96 for language, 109 for social-emotional, and 94 for adaptive behavior). Higher maternal choline intake yielded lower adaptive development at 12 months of age (P < 0.001) and 24 months of age (P = 0.044) after adjusting for gestational age and birthweight. There were no associations between maternal choline intake and cognitive, motor, language and social-emotional scores at both ages. In this cohort from Arkansas, maternal choline intake was not associated with four of the children's neurodevelopmental outcomes. Maternal Choline intake was negatively associated with the self-reported adaptive behavior scope, which is in contrast to previously published literature. It is important to note that infant development scores were all within normal range despite 98% of women not meeting the AI recommendations for dietary choline during pregnancy. Analyses of choline serum concentration from this cohort is underway to confirm these results. USDA ARS Project # 6026–51,000-012–06S, NIH R01 DK107516.
A Potential Checkmate to Lead: Bismuth in Organometal Halide Perovskites, Structure, Properties, and Applications

The remarkable optoelectronic properties and considerable performance of the organo lead‐halide perovskites (PVKs) in various optoelectronic applications grasp tremendous scientific attention. However, the existence of the toxic lead in these compounds is threatening human health and remains a major concern in the way of their commercialization. To address this issue, numerous nontoxic alternatives have been reported. Among these alternatives, bismuth‐based PVKs have emerged as a promising substitute because of similar optoelectronic properties and extended environmental stability. This work communicates briefly about the possible lead‐alternatives and explores bismuth‐based perovskites comprehensively, in terms of their structures, optoelectronic properties, and applications. A brief description of lead‐toxification is provided and the possible Pb‐alternatives from the periodic table are scrutinized. Then, the classification and crystal structures of various Bi‐based perovskites are elaborated on. Detailed optoelectronic properties of Bi‐based perovskites are also described and their optoelectronic applications are abridged. The overall photovoltaic applications along with device characteristics (i.e., VOC, JSC, fill factor, FF, and power conversion efficiency, PCE), fabrication method, device architecture, and operational stability are also summarized. Finally, a conclusion is drawn where a brief outlook highlights the challenges that hamper the future progress of Bi‐based optoelectronic devices and suggestions for future directions are provided.
Modelling the Interactive Effect of Alternative Sets of Policies on Agricultural Prices

Understanding agricultural prices is a complex and highly evolutionary process. In most countries, agricultural prices are more highly regulated than other prices. Thus, understanding the effects of domestic agricultural policy is crucial. This problem is complicated by frequent revisions not only in the levels of policy instruments but also by changes in the active set of instruments. Moreover, each major new agricultural price swing over the last several decades has drawn attention to an additional set of policy instruments that has important spillover effects on domestic agriculture. These sets of policy instruments include domestic macroeconomic policy, foreign agricultural policy, and foreign macroeconomic policy as well as domestic regulation of
Graphene Ribbon Growth on Structured Silicon Carbide

Structured Silicon Carbide was proposed to be an ideal template for the production of arrays of edge specific graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), which could be used as a base material for graphene transistors. We prepared periodic arrays of nanoscaled stripe‐mesas on SiC surfaces using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Subsequent epitaxial graphene growth by annealing is differentiated between the basal‐plane mesas and the faceting stripe walls as monitored by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Microscopic low energy electron diffraction (μ‐LEED) revealed that the graphene ribbons on the facetted mesa side walls grow in epitaxial relation to the basal‐plane graphene with an armchair orientation at the facet edges. The π‐band system of the ribbons exhibits linear bands with a Dirac like shape corresponding to monolayer graphene as identified by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).
Understanding and assessing uncertainty of observational climate datasets for model evaluation using ensembles

In climate science, observational gridded climate datasets that are based on in situ measurements serve as evidence for scientific claims and they are used to both calibrate and evaluate models. However, datasets only represent selected aspects of the real world, so when they are used for a specific purpose they can be a source of uncertainty. Here, we present a framework for understanding this uncertainty of observational datasets which distinguishes three general sources of uncertainty: (1) uncertainty that arises during the generation of the dataset; (2) uncertainty due to biased samples; and (3) uncertainty that arises due to the choice of abstract properties, such as resolution and metric. Based on this framework, we identify four different types of dataset ensembles—parametric, structural, resampling, and property ensembles—as tools to understand and assess uncertainties arising from the use of datasets for a specific purpose. We advocate for a more systematic generation of dataset ensembles by using these sorts of tools. Finally, we discuss the use of dataset ensembles in climate model evaluation. We argue that a more systematic understanding and assessment of dataset uncertainty is needed to allow for a more reliable uncertainty assessment in the context of model evaluation. The more systematic use of such a framework would be beneficial for both scientific reasoning and scientific policy advice based on climate datasets.
Mechanical behavior of hydroxyapatite-poly(lactic acid) hybrid porous scaffold

Although autologous bone is currently used for repairing bone defects, this method is highly invasive and poses a heavy burden on patients. Thus, the use of artificial bones has been expected. Among the artificial bone materials, bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) has been attracting much attention. In this research, in order to overcome the problem such as low initial strength of artificial bone after implantation, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was coated on HA unidirectional porous body prepared by freeze-casting method. In order to investigate the PLA coating method that most effectively improves the mechanical properties, the coating state of PLA was observed and the compression test was performed. As a result of the compression test of the HA-PLA composite porous body, Young’s modulus and compressive strength were improved by 79% and 184% respectively at maximum. Furthermore, acoustic emission (AE) measurement was conducted to investigate the fracture behavior during the compression test, classifying the main fracture of HA and HA-PLA porous body as shear fracture.
A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Solution of the Transit Network Design Problem

The research presented in this paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for solving the transit network design problem in large urban areas. The solving procedure is divided in two main phases: in the first step, a heuristic route generation algorithm provides a preliminary set of feasible and comparable routes, according to three different design criteria; in the second step, the optimal network configuration is found by applying a PSO-based procedure. This study presents a comparison between the results of the PSO approach and the results of a procedure based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Both methods were tested on a real-size network in Rome, in order to compare their efficiency and effectiveness in optimal transit network calculation. The results show that the PSO approach promises more efficiency and effectiveness than GAs in producing optimal solutions.
Enforcement by Hearing: How the Civil Law Sets Incentives

This paper investigates the manner in which the civil law sets incentives, given that courts do not directly observe the activities that the law would hope to control. What distinguishes the civil law problem from other hidden action problems is that the principal (the court) conditions its rewards and punishments on signals (evidence presented) of the agents' choosing. Thus unlike the output signal used by the employer in the classic moral hazard problem, the signal here is itself strategic. The paper proposes a model that casts the civil law's problem as a combination of moral hazard in the underlying activity and adverse selection in a second-stage signaling game (the "hearing"), where "types" in the latter are determined by actions in the former. Types correspond to the difficulty or cost of presenting various pieces of evidence. By carefully setting its liability per evidence schedule, the court may separate types in the second stage hearing by the hearing payoffs they receive. Since type is contingent on initial action, an appropriate separation at the hearing will create the desired incentives in the underlying activity. After analyzing the basic single agent model with mandatory post-action hearings, the paper considers multiple parties and voluntary filing of suits. * I would like to thank seminar participants at the May 1995 Meetings of the American Law and Economics Association, Stanford Law School and The George Mason School of Law for their helpful comments. I have especially benefited from the encouragement and insightful comments of Mitchell Polinsky and Eric Talley. Lastly, I acknowledge the generous financial support of Yale Law School's Career Options Assistance Program, the University of California at Berkeley's Jurisprudence and Social Policy Program, the Stanford Law School and especially the Columbia Law School's Center for Law and Economic Studies. (Printed 01/19/96, 4:33 PM)
Light propagation in quasiperiodic dielectric multilayers separated by graphene

The study of photonic crystals, artificial materials whose dielectric properties can be tailored according to the stacking of its constituents, remains an attractive research area. In this article we have employed a transfer matrix treatment to study the propagation of light waves in Fibonacci quasiperiodic dieletric multilayers with graphene embedded. We calculated their dispersion and transmission spectra in order to investigate the effects of the graphene monolayers and quasiperiodic disorder on the system physical behavior. The quasiperiodic dieletric multilayer is composed of two building blocks, silicon dioxide (building block A = SiO2) and titanium dioxide (building block B = TiO2). Our numerical results show that the presence of graphene monolayers reduces the transmissivity on the whole range of frequency and induces a transmission gap in the low frequency region. Regarding the polarization of the light wave, we found that the transmission coefficient is higher for the transverse magnetic (TM) case than for the transverse electric (TE) one. We also conclude from our numerical results that the graphene induced photonic bandgaps (GIPBGs) do not depend on the polarization (TE or TM) of the light wave nor on the Fibonacci generation index n. Moreover, the GIPBGs are omnidirectional photonic band gaps, therefore light cannot propagate in this structures for frequencies lower than a certain value, whatever the incidence angle. Finally, a plot of the transmission spectra versus chemical potential shows that one can, in principle, adjust the width of the photonic band gap by tuning the chemical potential via a gate voltage.
Connexin hemichannels in astrocytes – a critical assessment of controversies regarding their functional characteristics

Astrocytes in the mammalian central nervous system are interconnected by gap junctions made from connexins of the subtypes Cx30 and Cx43. These proteins may exist as hemichannels in the plasma membrane in the absence of a ‘docked’ counterpart on the neighboring cell. A variety of stimuli are reported to open the hemichannels and thereby create a permeation pathway through the plasma membrane. Cx43 has, in its hemichannel configuration, been proposed to act as an ion channel and a membrane pathway for different molecules, such as fluorescent dyes, ATP, prostaglandins, and glutamate. Published studies about astrocyte hemichannel behavior, however, have been highly variable and/or contradictory. The field of connexin hemichannel research has been plagued by great variability in the experimental preparations employed, a lack of highly specific pharmacological inhibitors and by confounding changes associated with genetically modified animal models. This review attempts to critically assess the gating, inhibition and permeability of the astrocytic connexin hemichannels and proposes that connexins in their hemichannel configuration act as strictlygated isoform-specific selective pores when open.
The Degree Analysis of an Inhomogeneous Growing Network with Two Types of Vertices

We consider an inhomogeneous growing network with two types of vertices. The degree sequences of two different types of vertices are investigated, respectively. We not only prove that the asymptotical degree distribution of type for this process is power law with exponent , but also give the strong law of large numbers for degree sequences of two different types of vertices by using a different method instead of Azuma’s inequality. Then we determine asymptotically the joint probability distribution of degree for pairs of adjacent vertices with the same type and with different types, respectively.
Well-posedness of a model of nonhomogeneous compressible-incompressible fluids

We propose a model of a density-dependent compressible-incompressible fluid, which is intended as a simplified version of models based on mixture theory as, for instance, those arising in the study of biofilms, tumor growth and vasculogenesis. Though our model is, in some sense, close to the density-dependent incompressible Euler equations, it presents some differences that require a different approach from an analytical point of view. In this paper, we establish a result of local existence and uniqueness of solutions in Sobolev spaces to our model, using paradifferential techniques. Besides, we show the convergence of both a continuous version of the Chorin-Temam projection method, viewed as a singular perturbation type approximation, and the 'artificial compressibility method'.
Dynamic Metabolic Analysis of Cupriavidus necator DSM545 Producing Poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) from Glycerol

Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 can utilise glycerol to synthesise poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) under unbalanced growth conditions, i.e., nitrogen limitation. To improve poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) batch production by C. necator through model-guided bioprocessing or genetic engineering, insights into the dynamic effect of the fermentation conditions on cell metabolism are crucial. In this work, we have used dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA), a constrained-based stoichiometric modelling approach, to study the metabolic change associated with PHB synthesis during batch cultivation. The model employs the ‘minimisation of all fluxes’ as cellular objectives and measured extracellular fluxes as additional constraints. The mass balance constraints are further adjusted based on thermodynamic considerations. The resultant flux distribution profiles characterise the evolution of metabolic states due to adaptation to dynamic extracellular conditions and provide further insights towards improvements that can be implemented to enhance PHB productivity.
An Informal Introduction to the Maths Behind

Briefly speaking, [1] explains from a theoretical perspective why training GAN is hard, and [2] suggests a solution from the perspective of geometric foundation of generative modeling, which is more fundamental than GAN itself. The algorithm suggested by [2] ends up being another variant of GAN, purely due to optimization reasons, rather than being inherently designed to follow any form of adversarial training.