Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hawking's information puzzle: a solution realized in loop quantum cosmology

In approaches to quantum gravity, where smooth spacetime is an emergent approximation of a discrete Planckian fundamental structure, any standard effective field theoretical description will miss part of the degrees of freedom and thus break unitarity. Here we show that these expectations can be made precise in loop quantum cosmology. Concretely, even when loop quantum cosmology is unitary at the fundamental level, when microscopic degrees of freedom, irrelevant to low-energy cosmological observers, are suitably ignored, pure states in the effective description evolve into mixed states due to decoherence with the Planckian microscopic structure. When extrapolated to black hole formation and evaporation, this concrete example provides a key physical insight for a natural resolution of Hawking's information paradox.
The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object survey. I. Probing the disks of Herbig Ae/Be stars in terrestrial orbits

Context. The formation and the evolution of protoplanetary disks are important stages in the lifetime of stars. Terrestrial planets form or migrate within the innermost regions of these protoplanetary disks and so, the processes of disk evolution and planet formation are intrinsically linked. Studies of the dust distribution, composition, and evolution of these regions are crucial to understanding planet formation. Aims: We built a homogeneous observational dataset of Herbig Ae/Be disks with the aim of spatially resolving the sub au-scale region to gain a statistical understanding of their morphological and compositional properties, in addition to looking for correlations with stellar parameters, such as luminosity, mass, and age. Methods: We observed 27 Herbig Ae/Be stars with the GRAVITY instrument installed at the combined focus of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and operating in the near-infrared K-band, focused on the K-band thermal continuum, which corresponds to stellar flux reprocessed by the dust grains. Our sample covers a large range of effective temperatures, luminosities, masses, and ages for the intermediate-mass star population. The circumstellar disks in our sample also cover a range of various properties in terms of reprocessed flux, flared or flat morphology, and gaps. We developed semi-physical geometrical models to fit our interferometric data. Results: Our best-fit models correspond to smooth and wide rings that support previous findings in the H-band, implying that wedge-shaped rims at the dust sublimation edge are favored. The measured closure phases are generally non-null with a median value of 10°, indicating spatial asymmetries of the intensity distributions. Multi-size grain populations could explain the closure phase ranges below 20-25° but other scenarios should be invoked to explain the largest ones. Our measurements extend the Radius-Luminosity relation to 104 L⊙ luminosity values and confirm the significant spread around the mean relation observed by PIONIER in the H-band. Gapped sources exhibit a large N-to-K band size ratio and large values of this ratio are only observed for the members of our sample that would be older than 1 Ma, less massive, and with lower luminosity. In the mass range of 2 M⊙, we do observe a correlation in the increase of the relative age with the transition from group II to group I, and an increase of the N-to-K size ratio. However, the size of the current sample does not yet permit us to invoke a clear, universal evolution mechanism across the Herbig Ae/Be mass range. The measured locations of the K-band emission in our sample suggest that these disks might be structured by forming young planets, rather than by depletion due to EUV, FUV, and X-ray photo-evaporation. GTO programs with run ID: 0103.C-0347; 0102.C-0408; 0101.C-0311; 0100.C-0278; 099.C-0667.
Dreaddit: A Reddit Dataset for Stress Analysis in Social Media

Stress is a nigh-universal human experience, particularly in the online world. While stress can be a motivator, too much stress is associated with many negative health outcomes, making its identification useful across a range of domains. However, existing computational research typically only studies stress in domains such as speech, or in short genres such as Twitter. We present Dreaddit, a new text corpus of lengthy multi-domain social media data for the identification of stress. Our dataset consists of 190K posts from five different categories of Reddit communities; we additionally label 3.5K total segments taken from 3K posts using Amazon Mechanical Turk. We present preliminary supervised learning methods for identifying stress, both neural and traditional, and analyze the complexity and diversity of the data and characteristics of each category.
Star-shaped quiver theories with flux

We study the compactification of the 6d ${\cal N}=(2,0)$ SCFT on the product of a Riemann surface with flux and a circle. On the one hand, this can be understood by first reducing on the Riemann surface, giving rise to 4d ${\cal N}=1$ and ${\cal N}=2$ class ${\cal S}$ theories, which we then reduce on $S^1$ to get 3d ${\cal N}=2$ and ${\cal N}=4$ class ${\cal S}$ theories. On the other hand, we may first compactify on $S^1$ to get the 5d ${\cal N}=2$ Yang-Mills theory. By studying its reduction on a Riemann surface, we obtain a mirror dual description of 3d class ${\cal S}$ theories, generalizing the star-shaped quiver theories of Benini, Tachikawa, and Xie. We comment on some global properties of the gauge group in these reductions, and test the dualities by computing various supersymmetric partition functions.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in tissue-specific cellular stress

Mitochondrial bioenergetics require the coordination of two different and independent genomes. Mutations in either genome will affect mitochondrial functionality and produce different sources of cellular stress. Depending on the kind of defect and stress, different tissues and organs will be affected, leading to diverse pathological conditions. There is no curative therapy for mitochondrial diseases, nevertheless, there are strategies described that fight the various stress forms caused by the malfunctioning organelles. Here, we will revise the main kinds of stress generated by mutations in mitochondrial genes and outline several ways of fighting this stress.
Chiral flat band superconductivity from symmetry-protected three-band crossings

We show that chiral (nearly) flat band superconductivity can develop and host novel Majorana fermions at a time reversal pair of symmetry-protected three-band crossing points. Based on symmetry analysis, mean field study, and superfluid stiffness calculation, we determine and analyze the irreducible pairing channels with flat band pairings in the low-energy spin-$1$ fermion theory. Flat band pairing can enhance superconductivity dramatically, where the critical temperature scales linearly in the interaction strength. While fully gapped flat band pairing states develop in the single-component pairing channels, we find chiral $\bar p\pm i\bar p$ flat band superconductivity in the multi-component pairing channels. 3D itinerant Majorana fermions arise at the bulk nodal points, whereas Majorana arcs appear on the surface.
Carbonatitic lavas in Catanda ( Kwanza Sul , Angola ) : mineralogical , geochemical and melt inclusion constraints on the natrocarbonatite parental melt

A set of small volcanic edifices with tuff ring and maar morphologies occur in the Catanda area, which is the only locality with extrusive carbonatites reported in Angola. Four outcrops of carbonatite lavas have been identified in this region and considering the mineralogical, textural and compositional features, we classify them as: silicocarbonatites (1), calciocarbonatites (2) and secondary calciocarbonatites produced by the alteration of primary natrocarbonatites (1). Even with their differences, we interpret these lava types as having been a single carbonatite suite related to the same parental magma. We have also estimated the composition of the parental magma from a study of melt inclusions hosted in magnetite microphenocrysts from all of these lavas. Melt inclusions revealed the presence of 13 different alkali-rich phases, including nyerereite, shortite, halite and sylvite arguing for an alkaline composition of the Catanda parental melts. Mineralogical, textural, compositional and isotopic features of some Catanda lavas are also similar to those described in altered natrocarbonatite localities worldwide such as Tinderet or Kerimasi, leading to our conclusion that the formation of some Catanda calciocarbonatite lavas was related to the occurrence of natrocarbonatite magmatism in this area. On the other hand, silicocarbonatite lavas, which are enriched in periclase, present very different mineralogical, compositional and isotopic features in comparison to the rest of Catanda lavas. We conclude that its formation was related with the decarbonation of primary dolomite bearing carbonatites.
Possibility of selenium biofortification of winter wheat grain

The effect of foliar application of selenium (Se) fertilizers (sodium selenite and selenate) in two different Se doses (10 and 20 g/ha) on grain yield, Se content and mechanical and technological parameters of winter wheat grain was investigated in the field fertilization experiment. Foliar spray application of Se was applied at the growth stage of the 2nd node on the main stem (32 BBCH). Selenate foliar applications in dose 10 g Se per ha showed a significant increase of grain yield in comparison to control treatment without Se application. The mechanical and technological parameters of wheat grain were not significantly affected by both selenite and selenate foliar application. The average Se concentration was significantly lower in 2007/2008 (grain yield 8.72 t/ha) than 2006/2007 (yield 6.35 t/ha) growing season (0.133 versus 0.189 mg Se/kg dry matter). The grain Se absorption efficiency at foliar application of 10 and 20 g Se/ha of selenite and selenate were 1.35–1.45% and 13.24–15.14%, respectively.
Making Sense of Statistics for Family Practitioners: “What is Odds Ratio?”

Extracted from text . Making Sense of Statistics Introduction The Odds Ratio (OR) is frequently used in case-control studies. It is the ratio of the odds in favour of getting the disease, if exposed, to the odds in favour of getting the disease, if not exposed. In other words, it is a measure of association, which quantifies the relationship between an exposure and health outcome from a comparative study. For example, in measuring the efficacy of a therapy, odds can be used to describe risk. Since, the odds of an event are the probability of it occurring compared to the probability of it not .
Human Factors : The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Objective: This study addresses a practical homeland security issue of considerable current concern: In a situation in which the opportunity exists to question or interview concurrently two or more suspects, how does one determine truth or deception at a social level? Background: Recent world events have led to an increased emphasis on the capacity to detect deception, especially in military, security, and law enforcement settings. In many screening or checkpoint situations, the opportunity exists to question two or more suspects regarding their involvement in some activity, yet investigators know very little regarding characteristics of speech or behavior that are exhibited between two suspects that indicate truth or deception. Method: We conducted an empirical study in which pairs of police officers and firefighters who had served together as partners took part. In the " truth " conditions, each dyad described a recent event in which they had actually taken part, and in the " deceptive " conditions, each dyad fabricated a story that did not take place. We expected that the officers in the truth-telling dyads would be able to draw on shared or transactive memory of the actual event they had participated in and would describe this event in a more interactive manner than would those in deceptive dyads. Results: Results indicated greater evidence of synchrony of behavior as well as more interactive behaviors, such as mutual gaze and speech transitions, in truthful dyads than in deceptive dyads. Conclusion: This research provides a unique perspective on detecting deception in a social context, and the results have both theoretical and practical value. Application: These results can inform training programs and refine strategies used by screeners in field settings.
Cherniack Rapidly With Job Tenure ? Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms in Correction Officers : Why Do They Increase

http://hfs.sagepub. com/content/early/2014/08/31/0018720814547569 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0018720814547569 September 2014 published online 2 Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Nicholas Warren, Jeffrey Dussetschleger, Laura Punnett and Martin G. Cherniack Rapidly With Job Tenure? Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms in Correction Officers: Why Do They Increase
Late summer community composition and abundance of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in Norwegian and Barents Seas

We investigated marine picoeukaryotic diversity (cells <3 µm) in samples collected in late summer 2002 at the boundary between the Norwegian, Greenland, and Barents Seas. The two main Arctic and Atlantic water masses in this region are separated by the polar front. We combined total counts of picoeukaryotes assemblages by flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy with taxa detection by tyramide signal amplification‐fluorescent in situ hybridization (TSAFISH) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analyses. The picoeukaryotic community was primarily composed of photoautotrophs (75% of the cells on average). Members of the division Chlorophyta, in particular the species Micromonas pusilla (Butcher) Manton and Parke, were the major components in truly Arctic waters (32% of the picoeukaryotes, maximum 3,200 cells ml21). M. pusilla was also well represented in coastal waters and at the polar front (25% of the picoeukaryotes, maximum 9,100 cells ml21). Haptophyta were prominent in more typical Atlantic waters (up to 35% of the picoeukaryotes, maximum 4,500 cells ml21). Quantification of haptophyte biomass by HPLC pigment analyses and CHEMTAX, and haptophyte abundances by TSA‐FISH were in good agreement. This confirms previous studies, which suggested that M. pusilla is a dominant contributor of picoeukaryotic communities in both coastal and nutrient rich environments, whereas haptophytes seem to be more important in open seawaters.
A novel t(7;13)(p12;q33wq34) in AML-M2

Chromosomal rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently give rise to aberrant transcripts, generating corresponding fusion proteins that are responsible for disease onset (50% of all reported cases) [1,2]. Five percent of such cases harbor rare rearrangements, resulting either in new rare fusion products or in the deregulation/truncation of specific genes [3]. We detected a new t(7;13)(p12;q33wq34) in an AML-M2 case. A 26-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of petechiae and a 1-month history of physical weakness. Physical and laboratory examination revealed asthenia, hepatomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a white blood cell count of 76 10/L, with 70% blasts in the peripheral blood (PB). Cytogenetic analysis showed the karyotype 46,XY,t(7;13)(p11;q34),inv(9)(p11q13)c[30] (Fig. 1Ai). Immunophenotyping on bone marrow cells revealed CD34þ, CD13þ, CD33þ, and CD117þ. AMLM2 was diagnosed at that time. Induction and consolidation treatment according to the IDICE LMA99 protocol was administered, resulting in complete remission. Cytogenetic analysis of the PB after remission showed the persistence of the constitutional variant inv(9)(p11q13). Genomic clones, defining the chromosome 7 and 13 breakpoints (BP), were used for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, revealing that a more complex rearrangement was present (Fig. 1Aii). The BP on chromosome 7 is located at 7p12, with a 48.4Mb portion between 7p12 and the telomere translocated to the derivative chromosome 13 and a 51.4Mb portion between 7p12 and the centromere retained on the derivative chromosome 7 (Fig. 1, Bi and Bii). The 3Mb portion included between 48.4 and 51.4Mb on the short arm of chromosome 7 was deleted. Similarly, the 101.1Mb portion between the centromere and 13q33~q34 was retained on the derivative chromosome 13, and the 109.5Mb portion between 13q33~q34 and the telomere was translocated to the derivative chromosome 7. Again, the 8.4Mb portion between 101.1 and 109.5Mb on the long arm of chromosome 13 was deleted.
STIM 1 and SLC 24 A 4 Are Critical for Enamel Maturation CliniCAl inVESTiGATiOnS

Dental enamel formation depends upon the transcellular transport of Ca by ameloblasts, but little is known about the molecular mechanism, or even if the same process is operative during the secretory and maturation stages of amelogenesis. Identifying mutations in genes involved in Ca homeostasis that cause inherited enamel defects can provide insights into the molecular participants and potential mechanisms of Ca handling by ameloblasts. Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) is an ER transmembrane protein that activates membrane-specific Ca influx in response to the depletion of ER Ca stores. Solute carrier family 24, member 4 (SLC24A4), is a Na/K/ Ca transporter that exchanges intracellular Ca and K for extracellular Na. We identified a proband with syndromic hypomaturation enamel defects caused by a homozygous C to T transition (g.232598C>T c.1276C>T p.Arg426Cys) in STIM1, and a proband with isolated hypomaturation enamel defects caused by a homozygous C to T transition (g.124552C>T; c.437C>T; p.Ala146Val) in SLC24A4. Immunohistochemistry of developing mouse molars and incisors showed positive STIM1 and SLC24A4 signal specifically in maturation-stage ameloblasts. We conclude that enamel maturation is dependent upon STIM1 and SLC24A4 function, and that there are important differences in the Ca transcellular transport systems used by secretoryand maturation-stage ameloblasts.
IMPACT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES ON IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN GIRLS

Participants and methods: Thirty girls participated in this study, their age ranged from 17 to 22 years. They were divided randomly into two groups equal in number: Study group (group A) performed aerobic exercises in form of bicycling (60-70% of HR max), 30 minutes for each treatment session, for 3 sessions per week, for 12 weeks in addition to iron supplement (Ferro-6) and Control group (group B) received only iron supplement (Ferro-6) for 12 weeks. All participants in both groups (A and B) were assessed preand post-treatment through measuring hemoglobin level by blood analysis and scores of total symptoms of anemia by self-administered questionnaire.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC EFFECTS IN HYDRAULIC FLOW TURBINES (PART 1)

Research and elaboration of the systems for conversion of renewable energy sources (RSE) as a research objective present great interest and importance. Hydraulic energy currently is one of the most used, cheap and clean renewable energy sources. A more efficient use of hydraulic energy, in terms of environmental and social impacts, is the conversion of kinetic energy of running river water without dams' construction. A new design and functional concept of a hydraulic flow turbine with vertical axis and individualized orientation of the hydrodynamic blades was proposed and elaborated. Using a high order panel method the potential flow analysis is performed in order to compute the hydrodynamic lift and moment coefficients. The drag coefficient is computed through a boundary layer analysis. Laminar boundary layer analysis utilizes Falkner-Skan semi-empirical relations. Transition from laminar boundary layer to turbulent boundary layer is predicted through Michael's criterion. The turbulent boundary layer parameters are computed using the Head's model and the drag coefficient is provided by Squire-Young formula. In order to maximize the flowing water energy conversion efficiency the blade hydrodynamic profile parameters and blade orientation with respect to flow direction at each position during the turbine rotation are optimized. The total torque, the forces acting on the blades and the performance of 3-, 4- and 5-blades rotor multi-blade hydrodynamic rotor were analyzed.
Partial dependence of breast tumor malignancy on ultrasound image features derived from boosted trees

Various computerized features extracted from breast ultrasound images are useful in assessing the malignancy of breast tumors. However, the underlying relationship between the computerized features and tumor malignancy may not be linear in nature. We use the decision tree ensemble trained by the cost-sensitive boosting algorithm to approximate the target function for malignancy assessment and to reflect this relationship qualitatively. Partial dependence plots are employed to explore and visualize the effect of features on the output of the decision tree ensemble. In the experiments, 31 image features are extracted to quantify the sonographic characteristics of breast tumors. Patient age is used as an external feature because of its high clinical importance. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the tree ensembles can reach 0.95 with sensitivity of 0.95 61/64 at the associated specificity 0.74 77/104 . The partial dependence plots of the four most important features are demonstrated to show the influence of the features on malignancy, and they are in accord with the empirical observations. The results can provide visual and qualitative references on the computerized image features for physicians, and can be useful for enhancing the interpretability of computer-aided diagnosis systems for breast ultrasound. © 2010 SPIE and IS&T. DOI: 10.1117/1.3385763
HOW DO MACROECONOMIC IMBALANCES INTERACT? EVIDENCE FROM A PANEL VAR ANALYSIS

This paper investigates the interactions between three key macroeconomic imbalances, namely current-account discrepancies (external imbalances), output gaps (internal imbalances), and exchange-rate misalignments. We estimate a panel VAR model for a sample of 22 industrialized countries over the period 1980–2011. Our findings show that macroeconomic imbalances strongly interact through a causal relationship. If current-account disequilibria threaten the stability of the global economy, their origin can be found in internal imbalances and exchange-rate misalignments: positive output-gap shocks as well as currency overvaluation deepen current-account deficits. In addition, although variations in external imbalances mainly result from exchange-rate misalignments in the euro area, they are mostly explained by output gaps for non-eurozone members.
Investigation of the Brazil Current front variability from altimeter data

The southwestern Atlantic Ocean is characterized by the confluence of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents, which form very strong surface and subsurface fronts that can be detected from hydrographic and remote sensing observations. Three data sets, consisting of TOPEX/Poseidon-derived sea height anomalies, the climatologically derived depth of the 10°C isotherm, and reduced gravity, are used in conjunction with a two-layer dynamical ocean scheme to monitor the Brazil Current front and to investigate its variability during a 6 year period (1993–1998). Results reveal that the fronts exhibit motions that are larger zonally than meridionally, showing strong interannual variability with annual mean amplitudes that range from 1° to 6°. The annual and semiannual components account for more than 75% of the variability of the frontal oscillations. In the annual cycle the frontal motions appear to be related closely to fluctuations in the baroclinic transport of the Brazil Current and are only influenced by the Malvinas Current when the Brazil Current transport is very small.