Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A life with transgenics in 21 century

A transgenic organism is one that contains a new gene or genes from another species. Because of the important and very exciting benefits of transgenics in agricultural, medical and industrial areas, we are going through a new revolution called “Transgenic Revolution”. However, they have also brought many risks and controversies with them. In this paper, benefits and risks of transgenic animals and plants, which mark this century and take part in our life, and also concept of biosafety were discussed in a broad spectrum.
A comprehensive high-throughput sequencing test for the diagnosis of inherited bleeding, thrombotic and platelet

Inherited bleeding, thrombotic and platelet disorders (BPDs) are diseases affecting approximately 300 individuals per million births. With the exception of haemophilia and von Willebrand disease patients, a molecular analysis for patients with a BPD is often unavailable. Many specialised tests are usually required to reach a putative diagnosis and they are typically performed in a step-wise manner to control costs. This approach causes delays and a conclusive molecular diagnosis is often never reached which can compromise treatment and impede rapid identification of affected relatives. To address this unmet diagnostic need, we designed a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platform targeting 63 genes relevant for BPDs. The platform can call single nucleotide variants (SNVs), short insertions/deletions (indels) and large copy number variants (CNVs), though not inversions, which are subjected to automated filtering for diagnostic prioritization, resulting in an average of 5.34 candidate variants per individual. We sequenced 159 and 137 samples respectively from cases with and without previously known causal variants. Among the latter group, 61 cases had clinical and laboratory phenotypes indicative of a particular molecular etiology while the remainder had an a priori highly uncertain etiology. All previously detected variants were recapitulated and, when the etiology was suspected but unknown or uncertain, a molecular diagnosis was reached in 56 of 61 and only eight of 76 cases, respectively. The latter category highlights the need for further research into novel causes of BPDs. The ThromboGenomics platform thus provides an affordable DNA-based test to diagnose patients suspected of having a known inherited BPD.
Designing Non-fluorinated Durable Stain-resistant Textiles

Though being highly stain-resistant and durable, recently, the harmful effects of fluorinated chemicals on the environment and organisms have gained people’s attention. It has now become necessary to find non-fluorinated alternatives with comparable properties. Current research shows that non-fluorinated materials have achieved excellent hydrophobicity, but oleophobicity or stain-resistance is still difficult to reach. In this review, the chemistry of hydrophobic materials, morphology control of textiles, and the enhancement of durability of coatings are respectively discussed and summarized with examples. The combination of these techniques would help develop better repellency. This review also attempts to elucidate and discuss the necessity to consider textile properties according to end-use requirements, the asymmetric wettability design to increase comfort and the possible directions for future research on designing non-fluorinated durable stain-resistant textiles.
Classifying Reasonability in Retellings of Personal Events Shared on Social Media: A Preliminary Case Study with /r/AmITheAsshole

People regularly share retellings of their personal events through social media websites to elicit feedback about the reasonability of their actions in the event's context. In this paper, we explore how learning approaches can be used toward the goal of classifying reasonability in personal retellings of events shared on social media. We collect 13,748 community-labeled posts from /r/AmITheAsshole, a subreddit in which Reddit users share retellings of personal events which are voted upon by community members. We build and evaluate a total of 21 machine learning models across seven types of models and three distinct feature sets. We find that our best-performing model can predict the reasonability of a post with an F1 score of . 76. Our findings suggest that features derived from the post and author metadata were more predictive than simple linguistic features like the post sentiment and types of words used. We conclude with a discussion on the implications of our findings as they relate to sharing retellings of personal events on social media and beyond.
Production and application of manure nitrogen and phosphorus in the United States since 1860

Abstract. Livestock manure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) play an important role in biogeochemical cycling. Accurate estimation of manure nutrient is important for assessing regional nutrient balance, greenhouse gas emission, and water environmental risk. Currently, spatially explicit manure nutrient datasets over a century-long period are scarce in the United States (US). Here, we developed four datasets of annual animal manure N and P production and application in the contiguous US at a 30 arcsec resolution over the period of 1860–2017. The dataset combined multiple data sources including county-level inventory data as well as high-resolution livestock and crop maps. The total production of manure N and P increased from 1.4 Tg N yr−1 and 0.3 Tg P yr−1 in 1860 to 7.4 Tg N yr−1 and 2.3 Tg P yr−1 in 2017, respectively. The increasing manure nutrient production was associated with increased livestock numbers before the 1980s and enhanced livestock weights after the 1980s. The manure application amount was primarily dominated by production, and its spatial pattern was impacted by the nutrient demand of crops. The intense-application region mainly enlarged from the Midwest toward the southern US and became more concentrated in numerous hot spots after the 1980s. The South Atlantic–Gulf and Mid-Atlantic basins were exposed to high environmental risks due to the enrichment of manure nutrient production and application from the 1970s to the period of 2000–2017. Our long-term manure N and P datasets provide detailed information for national and regional assessments of nutrient budgets. Additionally, the datasets can serve as the input data for ecosystem and hydrological models to examine biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919937 (Bian et al., 2020).
The composition of endolithic communities in gypcrete is determined by the specific microhabitat architecture

Abstract. Endolithic microhabitats have been described as the last refuge for life in arid and hyper-arid deserts where life has to deal with harsh environmental conditions. A number of rock substrates from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert, colonized by endolithic microbial communities such as halite, gypsum crusts, gypcrete, calcite, granite and ignimbrite, have been characterized and compared using different approaches. In this work, three different endolithic microhabitats are described, each one with a particular origin and architecture, found within a lithic substrate known as gypcrete. Gypcrete, an evaporitic rock mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO4 ⋅ 2H2O) and collected in the Cordón de Lila area of the desert (Preandean Atacama Desert), was found to harbour cryptoendolithic (within pore spaces in the rock), chasmoendolithic (within cracks and fissures) and hypoendolithic (within microcave-like pores in the bottom layer of rock) microhabitats. A combination of microscopy investigation and high-throughput sequencing approaches were used to characterize the endolithic communities and their habitats at the microscale within the same piece of gypcrete. Microscopy techniques revealed differences in the architecture of the endolithic microhabitats and the distribution of the microorganisms within those microhabitats. Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant in the endolithic communities, of which the hypoendolithic community was the least diverse and hosted unique taxa, as a result of less access to sun radiation. These results show, for the first time, that the differences in the architecture of a microhabitat, even within the same piece of a lithic substrate, play an essential role in shaping the diversity and composition of endolithic microbial communities.
A Binomial Stochastic Framework for Efficiently Modeling Discrete Statistics of Convective Populations

Understanding the coupling between convective clouds and the general circulation, as well as addressing the gray zone problem in convective parameterization, requires insight into the genesis and maintenance of spatial patterns in cumulus cloud populations. In this study, a simple toy model for recreating populations of interacting convective objects as distributed over a two‐dimensional Eulerian grid is formulated to this purpose. Key elements at the foundation of the model include i) a fully discrete formulation for capturing discrete behavior in convective properties at small population sample sizes, ii) object age‐dependence for representing life‐cycle effects, and iii) a prognostic number budget allowing for object interactions and co‐existence of multiple species. A primary goal is to optimize the computational efficiency of this system. To this purpose the object birth rate is represented stochastically through a spatially aware Bernoulli process. The same binomial stochastic operator is applied to horizontal advection of objects, conserving discreteness in object number. The applicability to atmospheric convection as well as behavior implied by the formulation is assessed. Various simple applications of the BiOMi model (Binomial Objects on Microgrids) are explored, suggesting that important convective behavior can be captured at low computational cost. This includes i) subsampling effects and associated powerlaw scaling in the convective gray zone, ii) stochastic predator‐prey behavior, iii) the downscale turbulent energy cascade, and iv) simple forms of spatial organization and convective memory. Consequences and opportunities for convective parameterization in next‐generation weather and climate models are discussed.
Predicting the Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Peptides to the Major Histocompatibility Complex with Recurrent Neural Networks

Predicting the binding of viral peptides to the major histocompatibility complex with machine learning can potentially extend the computational immunology toolkit for vaccine development, and serve as a key component in the fight against a pandemic. In this work, we adapt and extend USMPep, a recently proposed, conceptually simple prediction algorithm based on recurrent neural networks. Most notably, we combine regressors (binding affinity data) and classifiers (mass spectrometry data) from qualitatively different data sources to obtain a more comprehensive prediction tool. We evaluate the performance on a recently released SARS-CoV-2 dataset with binding stability measurements. USMPep not only sets new benchmarks on selected single alleles, but consistently turns out to be among the best-performing methods or, for some metrics, to be even the overall best-performing method for this task.
Evaluation of the rational drug use by using the World Health Organization core prescribing indicators at the obesity outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rational use of drugs prescribed in the obesity outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital by using WHO prescribing indicators. Materials and Methods: The patients that admitted to obesity outpatient clinic between April 1, 2016August 1, 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Parameters such as patients’ demographic characteristics (age, sex), body mass index, comorbid diseases, number of prescribed drugs, drug names, dosage forms and routes of drug administration were evaluated. Prescriptions were analyzed according to the WHO core prescribing indicators such as average number of drugs per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed, percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed and percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.5±12.4 years and most of them were female (88.1%). Essential hypertension was the most common co-morbid disease (33%). Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), (23.7%) was the most frequently prescribed drug. The average number of drugs per encounter was 1.7. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 0%. Antibiotics were prescribed in 14 (2.8%) patients and injections were prescribed in 26 (5.2%) patients. The percentage of drugs from essential drug list was 61.4%. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the prescribing indicators such as the average number of drugs per encounter and the percentage of encounters with an antibiotic and injection prescribed were appropriate as compared to WHO standard values, parameters such as the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list was quite far from the WHO ideal values. The findings of this study will provide contributions to implement appropriate interventions by health authorities to promote rational drug use.
Finding SEIS North on Mars: Comparisons Between SEIS Sundial, Inertial and Imaging Measurements and Consequences for Seismic Analysis

In this paper, we present the results obtained in the determination of the true north direction on Mars by using a gnomon on the InSight mission and compare the measurements with either the North determination from the Inertial Measurement Unit and imaging analysis. The obtained measurement has been used to populate the SEIS orientation information in the archived SEIS data. Images taken during December 2018 and January 2019 allow to determine the gnomon shadow position and length over a target. By calculating the Sun local coordinates using planetary ephemeris VSOP87, the images are used to estimate the true North direction on the landing site. By using eight different images selected, we obtain the true North direction with an accuracy up to 2.5°, which is confirmed by the IMU and imaging analysis. The true North direction is also confirmed by an image taken near local noon, when the sun crosses the meridian. The North determination precision is then discussed in view of the seismic determination of the back azimuth.
Surfactants in Personal Care Products and Decorative Cosmetics

Part I ASSESSMENT OF PERSONAL CARE AND DECORATIVE COSMETICS Review of Skin Structure and Function with Special Focus on Stratum Corneum Lipid L.D. Rhein and S. Babajanyan Color Measurement Techniques N. Morante Noninvasive Techniques to Measure Cutaneous Effects of Skin Care Products R. Wickett, L.D. Rhein and S. Babajanyan Using Consumer Research in the Development and Restaging of Personal Care Products D.C. Barson Part II: FUNDAMENTALS OF PERSONAL CARE AND DECORATIVE COSMETICS Pigment Dispersions S. Nicolas Contribution of Surfactants to Personal Care Products P. Somasundaran, S. Chakraborty, P. Deo, N. Deo, and T. Somasundaran Cleaner/Conditioner Systems: Surface Chemical Aspects E.D. Goddard Emulsions and Their Behavior P. Somasundaran, T.H. Wines, S.C. Mehta, N. Garti, and R. Farinato Role of Surfactant Micelle Charge in Protein Denaturation and Surfactant-Induced Skin Irritation A. Lips, K.P. Ananthapadmanabhan, M. Vethamuthu, X.Y. Hua, L. Yang, and C. Vincent Skin Lipid Structure: Insights into Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Driving Forces for Self-Assembly Using IR Spectroscopy M.E. Rerek and D.J. Moore Cosmetoceuticals in Modified Microemulsions N. Garti Part III: SURFACTANTS IN FINISHED PRODUCTS Surfactants in Lip Products R.W. Sandewicz Surfactants in Liquid Foundation J. Hollenberg Surfactants for Nail Care S. W. Amato Sunscreens S Harripersad and L.D. Rhein Part IV: SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR PIGMENTED PRODUCTS Formulating with Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) R.K. Chaudhuri Hydrocarbons in Pigmented Products G. Butuc and D.S. Morrison, Meadowestolide and Meadowlactone: Unique Materials for Pigmented Products A. Wohlman Polyesters in Pigmented Products C. LaVay Alkyl Dimethicone in Pigmented Products R. Vrckovnik Esters in Pigmented Products J.A. Imperante Hydrolysis-Resistant Esters J.A. Imperante Branched Esters as Oil Phases in Pigmented Products A.J. O'Lenick, Jr.
Data-driven inference and observational completeness of quantum devices

Data-driven inference was recently introduced as a protocol that, upon the input of a set of data, outputs a mathematical description for a physical device able to explain the data. The device so inferred is automatically self-consistent, that is, capable of generating all given data, and least committal, that is, consistent with a minimal superset of the given dataset. When applied to the inference of an unknown device, data-driven inference has been shown to output always the "true" device whenever the dataset has been produced by means of an observationally complete setup, which plays here the same role played by informationally complete setups in conventional quantum tomography. In this paper we develop a unified formalism for the data-driven inference of states and measurements. In the case of qubits, in particular, we provide an explicit implementation of the inference protocol as a convex programming algorithm for the machine learning of states and measurements. We also derive a complete characterization of observational completeness for general systems, from which it follows that only spherical 2-designs achieve observational completeness for qubit systems. This result provides symmetric informationally complete sets and mutually unbiased bases with a new theoretical and operational justification.
Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on lactate steady state responses in female futsal players

This purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on lactate steady state responses (blood lactate and heart rate) in female futsal players. 30 female futsal players volunteered to participate in this investigation. Participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group or placebo group. While the experimental group was ingested sodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3), the placebo group was ingested sodium chloride (NaCl). Participants were first tested using a standard incremental treadmill test to define the blood lactate profile. Running speeds corresponding to fixed blood lactate concentrations of 4.0 mmol.l-1 were calculated using linear interpolation. The maximal lactate steady state was determined from 30-min constant-speed treadmill runs. The maximal lactate steady state was defined as fastest running speed that produced no more than a 1.0 mmol.l-1 increase in blood lactate concentration between 10 and 30 min of exercise. Paired Samples T test was used to determine whether there are significant blood lactate and heart rate differences in before and after sodium bicarbonate ingestion. Test results showed a significant decrease in the post-supplement heart rate responses given by the sodium bicarbonate group at the 10th, 20th and 30th min of the lactate steady state exercise (p 0.05). Key words: Lactate steady state, sodium bicarbonate, heart rate, blood lactate.
Theoretical Studies of the Spin Hamiltonian Parameters and Local Distortions for Cu2+ in Alkaline Earth Lead Zinc Phosphate Glasses

Abstract The spin Hamiltonian parameters and local structures are theoretically studied for Cu2+-doped alkaline earth lead zinc phosphate (RPPZ, R=Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) glasses based on the high-order perturbation calculations for a tetragonally elongated octahedral 3d9 cluster. The relative elongation ratios are found to be ρ≈3.2%, 4.4%, 4.6%, and 3.3% for R=Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, respectively, because of the Jahn-Teller effect. The whole decreasing crystal-field strength Dq and orbital reduction factor k from Mg to Sr are ascribed to the weakening electrostatic coulombic interactions and the increasing probability of productivity of nonbridge oxygen (and hence increasing Cu2+–O2− electron cloud admixtures) under PbO addition, respectively, with increasing alkali earth ionic radius. The anomalies (the largest Dq and the next highest k among the systems) for R=Ba are attributed to the cross linkage of this large cation in the network. The overall increasing order (Mg≤Ba<Ca<Sr) of ρ is largely due to the decreasing crystal-field strength Dq and hence the decreasing force constant of the Cu2+–O2− bonds. The present studies would be helpful to understand local structures and the influences on the optical properties of RPPZ glasses containing copper dopants.
Synthesis, structure, electrochemical, DNA interaction and antimicrobial studies of fluorinated trans-dicationic pyridinium porphyrins

A series of trans-pyridyl porphyrins, 5,15-di(pentafluorophenyl)-10,20-bis(2′/3′/4′-pyridyl)porphyrin (1–3), trans-dicationic pyridinium porphyrins, 5,15-di(pentafluorophenyl)-10,20-bis(2′/3′/4′-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrins (4–6) and their copper(II) and zinc(II) derivatives were synthesized. These compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic methods, electrochemical and single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. The trans-dicationic porphyrin derivatives exhibit red shifted absorption spectra over the simple pyridyl porphyrins. The reduction potentials of trans-pyridyl porphyrins are more positive than those of MTPPs. Crystal structure of 3c is forming networks of molecules through Zn–N coordination displaying large number of channels. The intermolecular interactions involving fluorine contributes considerably to the crystal packing in all the structures which was confirmed by computational Hirshfeld surface analysis. The dicationic porphyrins were further explored for its DNA interaction abilities and antimicrobial activities. The UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic titrations indicate that the porphyrins bind with the calf thymus DNA by outside groove binding mode with or without self-stacking. The intrinsic binding constants Kb of these dicationic porphyrins to DNA was found to be in the range of 105 to 106 M−1. The results reveal that among the three sets of porphyrins (4–6), the 3-/4-pyridyl derivatives display higher DNA binding activities compared to the 2-pyridyl analogues. The photocleavage experiments disclose that the porphyrins employ 1O2-mediated mechanism in cleaving DNA and the freebase and zinc(II) derivatives show better photoinduced cleavage ability compared to its copper(II) analogues. The dicationic porphyrins also show significant antimicrobial activities than those of non-fluorinated analogues.