Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary impacts on the resistance of Merino lambs to Trichostrongylus colubriformis

Abstract AIM: To evaluate and compare the effects of a variety of diets on the resistance of young, lightweight Merino lambs to repeated low-dose infections of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. METHODS: Ninety-six 12-week-old lambs were fed balanced or unbalanced diets, and given primary (at 19 weeks of age) or both primary (at 12 weeks) and secondary (at 19 weeks) infections of T. colubriformis. Suboptimal diets were low in total intake, rumen undegradable protein, total protein, readily available carbohydrate or minerals, or supplemented with cod liver oil. Liveweight was monitored fortnightly, protection was assessed from worm counts at the end of the study (25 weeks) and faecal nematode egg counts (FEC) conducted weekly, and mast-cell response assessed at the conclusion of the study from concentration of mast-cell protease in the jejunum. Concentrations of glucose in plasma were measured at 21 weeks. RESULTS: Diets unbalanced for total protein, readily available carbohydrate, Mo or cod liver oil each increased the worm counts after 6 weeks of secondary infection (at 25 weeks of age) and FEC during secondary infection. Low intake of a highnutrient diet restricted liveweight gain but did not affect the development of resistance, as indicated by worm counts and FEC. Defi ciency of available carbohydrate resulted in reduced liveweight gain and reduced concentration of glucose in plasma. There was a reduction in jejunal mast-cell protease concentration in sheep fed unbalanced rations. CONCLUSIONS: The parasitology results and reduction in the concentration of jejunal mast-cell protease observed in sheep fed unbalanced rations suggest that the nutrient defi ciencies and the fi sh-oil supplement may have acted via inhibition or retardation of the host's acquired immune response. Diets unbalanced for a range of components adversely affected the acquired protective response to T. colubriformis to a similar extent and appeared to involve a similar mechanism as each other. The quality of the diet was more important than quantity for the development of resistance, and soluble carbohydrate was an essential component.
The evolvability of artificial neural net-works for robot control

An arrangement for feeding the bulbs of electric vacuum devices, comprising: a conveyor for loading the bulbs into an automatic exhausting-and-sealing off machine; a mechanism for feeding the bulbs to said conveyor, made as a set of sections, each being essentially a system of consecutively arranged shafts having disks fitted thereon, said disks, while rotating, impart progressive motion to the bulbs, the number of shafts in each following section being less than that in a preceding section.
A User-Level Scheduling Framework for BoT Applications on Private Clouds

This paper presents a high level model to describe bag of tasks (BoT) applications and a framework to evaluate user level approaches to scheduler BoTs on coarser works units. The scheduler consolidates the load of the tasks in a given number of virtual machines (VMs) providing the estimated makespan. The framework allows to change the policy of tasks selection in order to compare the length of the scheduling produced giving a limited number of VMs. The framework has as input a BoT description and produces for each VM its trace of processing load. This paper validates the BoT model and the proposed framework with a performance assessment. In our case studies, the output of the framework is submitted to a real OpenStack based IaaS infrastructure. The results show that the makespan can be reduced by grouping tasks in coarse units of loads.
Transduced monocyte/macrophages targeted to murine skin by UV light

Abstract: We have selectively targeted monocyte/macrophages overexpressing an immunomodulatory molecule, latency‐associated peptide (LAP), a naturally occurring antagonist for transforming growth factor‐β1, to murine skin utilizing UV light to produce a cutaneous influx of transduced monocyte/macrophages. Bone marrow (BM) cells from BALB/c mice were transduced in vitro with a retroviral construct containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) for detection and human LAP (hLAP) as a test molecule. The transduced BM cells were then cultured in vitro with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) to produce differentiation to monocyte/macrophages. More than 80% of transduced BM cells were CD11b‐positive and MOMA‐positive by fluorescence‐activated cell‐sorter analysis and secreted LAP by ELISA after 10 days of culture in granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Transduced monocyte/macrophages containing either GFP or hLAP‐GFP were then injected intravenously into BALB/c mice. One‐half of recipients in each group were exposed to UVB (72 mJ) to induce monocyte/macrophage infiltration into skin. Recipients were sacrificed 60 h after UV irradiation. We found transduced cutaneous macrophages expressing GFP by examining with fluorescence microscopy frozen skin sections of recipient mice immunostained with antibodies to GFP and to macrophage marker F4/80. We identified hLAP sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of total DNA in recipient blood and UV‐irradiated skin but not in unirradiated skin. LAP sequences were also detected at much lower levels in other organs (lung, spleen, and liver) by PCR. Therefore, we have shown that genetically altered monocytic cells can be injected intravenously and targeted to mouse skin by UV exposure. This macrophage‐based gene‐transfer method may be a potentially useful immunotherapeutic approach for delivering monocyte/macrophage‐derived products to skin.
Differential oxygen sensitivity of calcium channels in rabbit smooth muscle cells of conduit and resistance pulmonary arteries.

1. Calcium currents were recorded from smooth muscle cells dispersed from conduit and resistance rabbit pulmonary arteries. We tested the hypothesis that Ca2+ channel activity was regulated by environmental O2 tension. 2. Conduit (proximal) and resistance (distal) myocytes differ in their Ca2+ channel density and responses to low PO2. Ca2+ current density in distal myocytes (20.7 +/‐ 7.4 pA pF‐1, n = 10) is almost twice the value in proximal myocytes (12.6 +/‐ 5.5 pA pF‐1, n = 39). In proximal myocytes, the predominant response to reductions in PO2 is inhibition of the calcium current (n = 12) at membrane potentials below 0 mV, whereas potentiation of current amplitude is observed in distal myocytes (n = 24). 3. Hypoxia also produces opposite shifts in the conductance‐voltage relationships along the voltage axis. The average displacements induced by low PO2 are +5.05 +/‐ 2.98 mV (n = 5) in proximal myocytes and ‐6.06 +/‐ 2.45 (n = 10) in distal myocytes. 4. These findings demonstrate longitudinal differences in Ca2+ channel density and O2 sensitivity in myocytes along the pulmonary arterial tree. These results may help to understand the differential reactivity to hypoxia of the pulmonary vasculature: vasodilatation in conduit arteries and vasoconstriction in resistance vessels.
A Position Sensitive Clustering Algorithm for VANET

In order to overcome the defects such as too many cluster heads and large overhead in traditional single hop VANET clustering algorithms when there are high density vehicles, this article proposes a multi-hop cluster algorithm named the position sensitive clustering algorithm (PSCA). Based on the establishment of cluster structure, initial cluster head is selected following the â? Randomly Competition, First Declare Winâ? principle. Cluster members transmit their expected status messages through the maintained multiple hop routings. After a series of information fusion and calculation work, the cluster head broadcasts the management messages based on dynamic timestamps. This article also gives the cluster maintaining strategy when the cluster head disappears or new nodes join. Tests performed in the simulation by NS-2 show that the proposed algorithm has less cluster heads and lower control overhead compared to the single hop-based approach (the Lowest-ID algorithm).
Effects of Fermented Herbal Tea Residues on the Intestinal Microbiota Characteristics of Holstein Heifers Under Heat Stress

Herbal tea residue (HTR) is a reusable resource with high nutritional value and bioactive substances content, which can be used as a feed additive. In the present study, HTRs were fermented by lactic acid bacteria, and then fed to a total of 90 Holstein heifers, termed as CN, LC, and HC groups. The supplementation improved physiological indices of respiratory frequency and rectal temperature, increased the concentrations of immunoglobulins and antioxidant capacity-related parameters, and reduced the concentrations of heat stress-related parameters and serum hormones. The heifers’ body height increased considerably, while their energy metabolism rates were stimulated in response to fermented HTRs. We also studied the fecal microbial community composition of 8 Holstein heifers in each group, and employed correlation analysis with tested parameters. We found that the bacteria were closely related to characteristics including the energy utilization rate, growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal SCFA levels of the heifers. Based on our findings, the 5% fermented HTRs replaced corn silage might be advantageous for the heifers’ characteristics under heat stress.
Improvement in solubility of poor water-soluble drugs by solid dispersion

This article is intended to combine recent literature on solid dispersion technology for solubility enhancement with special emphasis on mechanism responsible for the same by solid dispersion, various preparation methods, and evaluation parameters. Solubility behavior is the most challenging aspect for various new chemical entities as 60% of the new potential products possess solubility problems. This is the biggest reason for new drug molecules not reaching to the market or not reaches to full potential. There are various techniques to enhance the drug solubility such as particle size reduction, nanosuspension, use of surfactants, salt formation, solid dispersion, etc. From this article it may be concluded that solid dispersion is an important approach for improvement of bioavailability of poor water-soluble drugs.
Characterization of the Serogroup O11 O-Antigen Locus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103

ABSTRACT We previously cloned a genomic DNA fragment from the serogroup O11Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA103 that contained all genes necessary for O-antigen synthesis and directed the expression of serogroup O11 antigen on recombinant Escherichia coli andSalmonella. To elucidate the pathway of serogroup O11 antigen synthesis, the nucleotide sequence of the biosynthetic genes was determined. Eleven open reading frames likely to be involved in serogroup O11 O-antigen biosynthesis were identified and are designated in order as wzzPaO111 (wzz fromP. aeruginosa serogroup O11),wzxPaO11, wbjA,wzyPaO11, wbjB to wbjF,wbpLO11 and wbpMO11(wbpL and wbpM from serogroup O11). Consistent with previous descriptions of O-antigen biosynthetic gene loci, the entire region with the exception of wbpMO11 has a markedly reduced G+C content relative to the chromosomal average. WzyPaO11 shows no significant similarity at the protein or DNA sequence level to any database sequence and is very hydrophobic, with 10 to 12 putative transmembrane domains, both typical characteristics of O-antigen polymerases. A nonpolar chromosomal insertion mutation in wzyPaO11 in P. aeruginosa PA103 confirmed the identity of this gene. There is striking similarity between WbjBCDE and Cap(5/8)EFGL, involved in type 5 and type 8 capsule biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. There is nearly total identity between wbpMO11and wbpMO5, previously shown by others to be present in all 20 P. aeruginosa serogroups. Using similarity searches, we have assigned functions to the proteins encoded by the PA103 O-antigen locus and present the potential steps in the pathway for the biosynthesis of P. aeruginosa serogroup O11 O antigen.
Shape Representation by Zippable Ribbons

Shape fabrication from developable parts is the basis for arts such as papercraft and needlework, as well as modern architecture and CAD in general, and it has inspired much research. We observe that the assembly of complex 3D shapes created by existing methods often requires first fabricating many small flat parts and then carefully following instructions to assemble them together. Despite its significance, this error prone and tedious process is generally neglected in the discussion. We propose an approach for shape representation through a single developable part that attaches to itself and requires no assembly instructions. Our inspiration comes from the so-called zipit bags, which are made of a single, long ribbon with a zipper around its boundary. In order to "assemble" the bag, one simply needs to zip up the ribbon. Our method operates in the same fashion, but it can be used to approximate any shape. Given a 3D model, our algorithm produces plans for a single 2D shape that can be laser cut in few parts from flat fabric or paper. We can then attach a zipper along the boundary for quick assembly and disassembly, or apply more traditional approaches, such as gluing and stitching. We show physical and virtual results that demonstrate the capabilities of our method and the ease with which shapes can be assembled.
Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Abstract Ambient measurements were made using two sets of annular denuder system during the four seasons (April 2001 to February 2002) and were then compared with the results during the period of 1996–1997 to estimate the trends and seasonal variations in concentrations of gaseous and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) principal species. Annual averages of gaseous HNO3 and NH3 increased by 11% and 6%, respectively, compared with those of the previous study, whereas HONO and SO2 decreased by 11% and 136%, respectively. The PM2.5 concentration decreased by ∼17%, 35% for SO4 2−, and 29% for NH4 +, whereas NO3 − increased by 21%. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were 12.8 and 5.98 μg/m-3, accounting for ∼26 and 12% of PM2.5 concentration, respectively. The species studied accounted for 84% of PM2.5 concentration, ranging from 76% in winter to 97% in summer. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis was used to identify possible source areas affecting air pollution levels at a receptor site in Seoul. High possible source areas in concentrations of PM2.5, NO3 −, SO4 2−, NH4 +, and K+ were coastal cities of Liaoning province (possibly emissions from oil-fired boilers on ocean liners and fishing vessels and industrial emissions), inland areas of Heibei/Shandong provinces (the highest density areas of agricultural production and population) in China, and typical port cities (Mokpo, Yeosu, and Busan) of South Korea. In the PSCF map for OC, high possible source areas were also coastal cities of Liaoning province and inland areas of Heibei/Shandong provinces in China. In contrast, high possible source areas of EC were highlighted in the south of the Yellow Sea, indicating possible emissions from oil-fired boilers on large ships between South Korea and Southeast Asia. In summary, the PSCF results may suggest that air pollution levels in Seoul are affected considerably by long-range transport from external areas, such as the coastal zone in China and other cities in South Korea, as well as Seoul itself.
‘Severe’ Prader–Willi syndrome with a large deletion of chromosome 15 due to an unbalanced t(15,22)(q14;q11.2) translocation

To the Editor: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by the lack of paternal copy of the chromosome 15q11q13 region due to a deletion, uniparental disomy or an imprinting center mutation, and a deletion is the major cause of PWS. The size of the deletion is similar among PWS patients, because repetitive sequences flanking 15q11-q13 mediate homologous recombination resulting in deletion (1). Several cases with an unbalanced translocation with a paternal 15q deletion encompassing the 15q11-q13 PWS critical region have been reported, and most of these show typical PWS features (2–7). We report here on a male infant with an unbalanced (15;22) translocation, who showed a severe PWS phenotype with unusual features such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The propositus was born at 38 weeks of gestation as a child of healthy and non-consanguineous parents. The pregnancy with the propositus is normal. Birth length was 45 cm (a 1.9 SD), weight was 1760 g (a 3.4 SD), and OFC was 34 cm (π 0.5 SD), indicating a marked IUGR. The child was hypotonic, and had respiratory difficulties. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was noted at age 16 days with heart and renal failure. He showed the characteristic features of PWS including dolichocephaly, small mouth with thin upper lip, undescended testes and skin hypopigmentation, and also showed features of cat-eye syndrome including down-slanting palpebral fissures, a preauricular dimple, a malformed ear, and micrognathia (Fig. 1A). He did not have irides colobomas. Conventional G-banding showed an abnormal satellite region at one of chromosomes 15 (Fig. 1B). FISH analysis with Prader–Willi/Angelman region probes demonstrated absence of the PWS critical region (Fig. 1C). Methylation-specific (PCR) (8) showed the deletion of chromosome 15 to be paternal in origin (data not shown). The parents re-
Arterial and Venous Anatomies of the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator and Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Flaps

Background: This study uses three- and four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography and venography to evaluate the microvascular anatomy and perfusion of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps. Methods: Ten DIEP flaps harvested from fresh cadavers and two abdominoplasty specimens were used. Studies of the largest single perforators from the medial and lateral rows were performed. Injections of the vena comitans of the perforators and of the superficial inferior epigastric veins were performed to evaluate venous drainage. Results: Zone IV was not perfused following injection of a lateral row perforator, whereas injection of a medial row perforator consistently resulted in perfusion of zone IV. Image analysis revealed the presence of large-diameter linking vessels at the level of the subdermal plexus between the perforators of the medial row, whereas lateral row perforators predominantly perfused the lateral aspect of the flap and perfused the medial row perforators by means of recurrent flow through the subdermal plexus. Medial row perforators perfused the flap in a central elliptical pattern, whereas lateral row perforators predominantly perfused the ipsilateral portion of the flap. The SIEA vessel branches were seen to course to the subdermal plexus and then to perfuse ipsilateral perforators through the subdermal plexus. Venous drainage occurred by means of the superficial inferior epigastric veins and the venae comitantes of the perforators. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that flow through medial and lateral row perforators occurs in physiologically stereotyped patterns. A medial row perforator should be selected if zone IV perfusion is required. The SIEA was consistently seen to only perfuse a hemiflap.
Towards universal and voltage-scalable high gate- and drain-voltage MOSFETs in CMOS

This paper introduces a concept of lateral gates located on top of STI regions enabling layout-defined high gate voltages. Through the lateral fringing capacitance, conduction channels are opened also along the sidewalls of the STI regions leading to current flow along these sidewalls. The spacing between poly-Si and STI edge (= layout) determines gate dielectric thickness. Such novel Hybrid MOSFETs with both a high gate voltage and a high drain voltage capability are demonstrated experimentally in foundry baseline 65nm CMOS technology. Gate voltages up to 50V are measured including gate oxide integrity lifetime exceeding 10 years. The manufactured devices deliver current per micron on par with that of an ideal planar MOSFET with an equivalent gate-oxide thickness, but without a need for dedicated manufacturing steps.
Comment on "South Asia—Perennial Backwater or Object of Biased Assessment: A Discussion Based on Current Archaeological, Anthropological, and Genetic Evidence"

the article by Varun singh (2010) in Asian Perspectives issue 49-1 seeks to defend south Asia against perceived imputations of perennial backwardness. Defenses of this type always gain in strength when the advocate actually reads the articles or books he or she wishes to condemn. I cannot defend all of the authors who stand accused in this highly selective summary of evidence (mostly archaeology and physical anthropology, not comparative linguistics), but I do need to defend myself against three completely gratuitous misquotations. on page 131 of singh’s article, colin Renfrew and I stand accused of using a model of “deemic diffusion” (sic) to claim that “. the Fertile crescent’s overflowing population colonized the rest of the world in a single sweep, spreading in an orderly fashion carrying with it farming technology and an entirely new language. ” A careful reading of my First Farmers ( Bellwood 2005) will not come across any such statement. Indeed, that book emphasizes that farming systems, populations, and language families developed in and spread from many parts of the world. I am also accused (page 132) of claiming that “farming spread through India with a ‘heavy plod’ as India lacked the ‘quick smart’ hunter-gatherers of the west. ” What I really stated was ( Bellwood 2005 : 96):
Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Disease, the Biology, the Treatment

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer accounting for 2.5% of all breast cancer cases. It is characterized by rapid progression, local and distant metastases, younger age of onset, and lower overall survival compared with other breast cancers. Historically, IBC is a lethal disease with less than a 5% survival rate beyond 5 years when treated with surgery or radiation therapy. Because of its rarity, IBC is often misdiagnosed as mastitis or generalized dermatitis. This review examines IBC's unique clinical presentation, pathology, epidemiology, imaging, and biology and details current multidisciplinary management of the disease, which comprises systemic therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. CA Cancer J Clin 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society, Inc.