Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Optimal Encoder Architecture for Long Polar Codes

The polar encoding is one among the most effective error correcting code attributable to the channel achieving property. It finds its application in communication, information theory. This coding technique proposed by Eardal Arikan is significant because of its zero errors and simple architecture designed for hardware implementation. Although the fully parallel encoder is intuitive and easy to implement, but it is not suitable for long polar codes because of its hardware complexity. In this brief, we analyze the encoding process in the viewpoint of very-large-scale integration and implement a efficient encoder architecture that is suitable for long polar codes and effective in the hardware complexity. It can be applicable to the design of any polar code and at any level of parallelism.
Far Field Boundary Conditions for Black-Scholes Equations

In this paper we consider the partial differential equations approach for valuing European-style options. In order to solve the equations numerically by finite difference or finite element methods it is necessary to introduce an artificial boundary in order to make the computational domain bounded. We derive pointwise bounds for the error caused by various boundary conditions imposed on the artificial boundary. The error estimates can be used to determine a priori a suitable location for the artificial boundary in terms of a given error tolerance.
Coordinating Divided Labor: A Re-Examination

Abstract A rather generally accepted conclusion drawn from organizational research has been that the division of labor increases coordinative requirements which in turn leads to a larger proportion of administrative employees. This has been seen as true of organizations of a number of kinds, including industrial organizations. This paper argues that, at least for the case of manufacturing industry, that conclusion needs to be qualified on several grounds. Firstly, there are theoretic reasons for expecting different forms of the division of labor to have different consequences for coordinative requirements. Secondly, past research on this question, using industrial data has been misinterpreted. Thirdly, the relationship between aspects of the organization of production (including the division of labor) and coordinative requirements is likely to shift as the process of production itself evolves.
View synthesis from two uncalibrated images

View synthesis becomes a focus of attention of both the computer graphics and computer vision communities. We present a new approach for synthesizing novel views from two uncalibrated images. The two reference images as well as the novel view do not share the same viewpoint. The developed approach incorporates computer vision methods. It consists of two stages. First, the parallax field between the reference images is recovered. Second, novel images are directly synthesized by exploiting the parallax invariance, using forward warping. Solutions to the visibility problem are proposed. Constructing realistic synthesized views from real image pairs are presented.
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Forest Protection: The Transaction Costs of REDD

Understanding and minimizing the transaction costs of policy implementation are critical for reducing tropical forest losses. As the international community prepares to launch REDD+, a global initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from tropical deforestation, policymakers need to pay attention to the transactions costs associated with negotiating, monitoring and enforcing contracts between governments and donors. The existing institutional design for REDD+ relies heavily on central government interventions in program countries. Analyzing new data on forest conservation outcomes, we identify several problems with this centralized approach to forest protection. We describe options for a more diversified policy approach that could reduce the full set of transaction costs and thereby improve the efficiency of the market-based approach for conservation.
Creating a healthy environment: the impact of the built environment on public health

In its broadest sense, environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, disease, and injury that are determined or influenced by factors in the environment. This includes not only the study of the direct pathological effects of various chemical, physical, and biological agents, but also the effects on health of the broad physical and social environment, which includes housing, urban development, land-use and transportation, industry, and agriculture. " —Healthy People 2010, Prevention. During his tenure at NCEH, he has worked to increase support for stronger environmental health protection efforts throughout federal agencies, to engage CDC and local and state health departments in the genetics " revolution, " and to increase efforts to improve the nutritional status of people in developing countries. In addition, Dr. Jackson is collaborating with groups and individuals from many disciplines; planners, architects, engineers, academicians, and policy makers' to explore the implications of urban sprawl on the nation's environmental health. Environmental Health (NCEH). NCEH is one of CDC's key centers with responsibilities involving the impact that the environment (both natural and manmade) has on human health. In his years at NCEH, Mr. Kochtitzky has also served as Acting Deputy Associate Director of the Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Legislation, which is responsible for strategic planning and policy analysis within the center. Kochtitzky received a BA in political science in 1989 from Millsaps College and an MS in planning, with a concentration in environmental and natural resources planning, from Florida State University in 1992. The Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse mission is to make the tools, techniques, and strategies developed to manage growth, accessible to citizens, grassroots organizations, environmentalists, public officials, planners, architects, the media and business leaders. At the Clearinghouse we identify, collect, compile, and disseminate information on the best land use practices, for those listed above. This report and many other sources of information on sprawl and smart growth are available on the World Wide Web at Preface Here at the start of the 21st century our understanding of which factors promote health and which damage health has grown considerably. The diseases of the 21st century will be " chronic " diseases, those that steal vitality and productivity, and consume time and money. These diseases-heart disease, diabetes, obesity, asthma, and depression-are diseases that can be moderated by how we design and build our human environment. It is now accepted that, in addition to direct hazards from infectious diseases …
Safe Driving without using Mobile Phones

— Today human being safety while transportation plays vital role in reducing accidents. Safety measures are very effective in reducing numerous accidents. Also, at the same time cell phones affect the driver while driving automobiles. In this paper, we have developed a device which is portable enough to analyze and advise on safety conditions of automobiles while driving. Safe driving System without using mobile phones is designed by applying GSM technology & driver unit. It also receives a call automatically without touching the cell phone and automatically precedes three conditions, which we have introduced in this paper. The hardware includes GSM module, RS232, PIC18F452.
Fourier transform infrared spectrometric analysis of protein conformation: effect of sampling method and stress factors.

Changes in the amide bands in Fourier transform infrared spectra of proteins are generally attributed to alterations in protein secondary structure. In this study spectra of five different globular proteins were compared in the solid and solution states recorded with several sampling techniques. Spectral differences for each protein were observed between the various sampling techniques and physical states, which could not all be explained by a change in protein secondary structure. For example, lyophilization in the absence of lyoprotectants caused spectral changes that could (partially) have been caused by the removal of hydrating water molecules rather than secondary structural changes. Moreover, attenuated total reflectance spectra of proteins in H2O were not directly comparable to transmission spectra due to the anomalous dispersion effect. Our study also revealed that the amide I, II, and III bands differ in their sensitivities to changes in protein conformation: For example, strong bands in the region 1620-1630 and 1685-1695 cm(-1) were seen in the amide I region of aggregated protein spectra. Surprisingly, absorbance of such magnitudes was not observed in the amide II and III region. It appears, therefore, that only the amide I can be used to distinguish between intra- and intermolecular beta-sheet formation. Considering the differing sensitivity of the different amide modes to structural changes, it is advisable to utilize not only the amide I band, but also the amide II and III bands, to determine changes in protein secondary structure. Finally, it is important to realize that changes in these bands may not always correspond to secondary structural changes of the proteins.
Diagnostic utility of CYFRA 21‐1, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 125, neuron specific enolase, and squamous cell antigen level determinations in the serum and pleural fluid of patients with pleural effusions

To the authors' knowledge the role of tumor marker determination in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions has not been established definitively. The current article reports the results of a study of CYFRA 21‐1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), squamous cell antigen (SCC), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the serum and pleural fluid of patients with pleural effusions of diverse etiologies.
PS-16 Adaptive Asymmetric Double-Path Ultrasonic Transit-Time Gas Flowmeter

In this study we demonstrate that a double-path ultrasonic transit-time gas flowmeter can be extended significantly in its rangeability by shifting the two receiving transducers by the same amount in flow direction, such that the length of one sound path is increased, the other decreased. Such an asymmetric configuration is optimized in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the range of higher flow velocities, because it compensates for the parasitic carry-along (sound drift) effect. Further, this approach enables the realization of an adaptive asymmetric UFM, where the two receiving transducers can be shifted during operation for optimum SNR depending on the gas flow velocity. Our results show that the asymmetric configuration increases UFM rangeability without drawbacks
Effects of Managerial Strategic Resources on the Outsider CEO Succession in Biopharmaceutical Industry

This article is an attempt to answer whether managerial knowledge specificity determines managerial resource and the outsider CEO’s succession. It predicts the effect of managerial knowledge on the outsider CEO succession in the biopharmaceutical sector. The economic assumption suggests that managerial generic knowledge has more value, so it determines the outsider CEO’s succession. The strategic assumption suggests that managerial specific knowledge determines the outsider CEO’s succession. We test three hypotheses representing, high, moderate and less specific managerial knowledge. Contrary to either of the two assumptions, our findings indicate that managerial industrial knowledge (moderately specific knowledge) appears to be a good predictor of an outsider CEO in biopharmaceutical industry. Thus, we offer an alternative framework. The article discusses implications and some limitations of the study.
Heart failure is associated with exaggerated endothelial ischaemia–reperfusion injury and attenuated effect of ischaemic preconditioning

Background Reperfusion is mandatory after ischaemia, but it also triggers ischaemia–reperfusion (IR)-injury. It is currently unknown whether heart failure alters the magnitude of IR-injury. Ischaemic preconditioning can limit IR-injury. Since ischaemic preconditioning is typically applied in subjects at risk for cardiovascular complications, it is of clinical importance to understand its efficacy in heart failure patients. Objective To examine the magnitude of endothelial IR-injury, and the ability of ischaemic preconditioning to protect against endothelial IR-injury in heart failure. Methods We included 15 subjects with heart failure (67 ± 10 years, New York Heart Association class II/III) and 15 healthy, age- and sex-matched controls (65 ± 9 years). We examined brachial artery endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation before and after arm IR (induced by 5-min ischaemic handgrip exercise +15 min reperfusion). IR was preceded by ischaemic preconditioning (consisting in three cycles of 5-min upper arm cuff inflation to 220 mmHg) or no inflation. Results A significant interaction-effect was found for the change in flow-mediated dilation after IR between groups (two-way ANOVA interaction-effect: p = 0.01). Whilst post-hoc analysis revealed a significantly decline in flow-mediated dilation in both groups (p < 0.05), the decline in flow-mediated dilation in heart failure patients (6.2 ± 3.6% to 3.3 ± 1.8%) was significantly larger than that observed in controls (4.9 ± 2.1 to 4.1 ± 2.0). Neither in heart failure patients nor controls was the decrease in flow-mediated dilation after IR altered by ischaemic preconditioning (three-way ANOVA interaction: p = 0.87). Conclusion We found that patients with heart failure are associated with exaggerated endothelial IR-injury compared with age- and sex-matched, healthy controls, which may contribute to the poor clinical prognosis in heart failure. Furthermore, we found no protective effect of ischaemic preconditioning (3 × 5-min forearm ischaemia) against endothelial IR-injury in heart failure patients.
NT-ProBNP Independently Predicts Long-Term Mortality in Patients Admitted for Coronary Angiography

Recently, research interests are focussed on biomarkers to predict the outcome in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined whether the levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) could predict outcome in patients who underwent elective or acute coronary angiography (CAG). A total of 337 patients with suspected CAD who underwent elective or acute CAG were followed up for a mean period of 6.7 years. Primary end points were all-cause mortality (ACM) and the combined end point of ACM, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and revascularization. In all, 53 (16%) patients died and 88 (26%) patients reached the combined end point. Preprocedural NT-proBNP above 32 pmol/L independently predicted ACM (hazard ratio [HR] 3.11; confidence interval [CI]: 1.60-6.07; P = .001) and the combined end point (HR 2.44 [CI: 1.50-3.97]; P < .001). This study indicates that high NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of ACM on long-term follow-up. N-terminal-proBNP is a reliable predictive marker of mortality in the setting of stable or unstable angina.
Light Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease

Neuropsychiatric behaviors are common in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and make both professional and lay caregiving difficult. Light therapy has been somewhat successful in ameliorating disruptive behaviors. This randomized trial tested the effects of morning or afternoon bright light exposure compared with usual indoor light on the presence, frequency, severity, and occupational disruptiveness of neuropsychiatric behaviors in nursing home residents with AD. Light was administered for 1 hr daily (Monday-Friday) for 10 weeks. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory—Nursing Home was used to assess behavior at baseline and end of the intervention. Analyses revealed statistically significant differences between groups on agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite/eating disorders. The magnitude of change was small and may not represent clinically significant findings. Agitation/aggression and nighttime behaviors commonly occurred and were highly correlated with occupational disruptiveness. Interventions that decrease the presence and/or severity of neuropsychiatric behaviors have the potential to significantly decrease caregiver burden.
Implementation of a healthcare process in four different workflow systems

Currently, many hospitals are investigating the use of a work-flow management system in order to provide support for care processes. However, today's workow management systems fall short in supporting care processes as exibility is required for its execution. In this paper, we investigate the exibility requirements that need to be satisfied in order to support healthcare processes having various characteristics. An evaluation shows that different systems need to be used in conjunction with each other in order to fully support the various types of care processes.
Effect of change of posture on blood pressure and plasma renin concentration in men with spinal transections.

1. Blood pressure, heart rate and changes of plasma renin concentration (PRC) have been studied in nineteen patients with traumatic transection of the spinal cord, in relation to change of posture from supine to upright. 2. When supine, subjects with cervical-cord transection had a normal blood pressure, a low heart rate and a high plasma renin concentration. On change of posture to the vertical, orthostatic hypotension developed, heart rate rose and PRC increased. Orthostatic hypotension was not a feature with change of posture in patients with transection of the thoracic spinal cord and PRC rose to a much smaller extent. 3. It is concluded that release of renin on change of posture can occur in patients with spinal-cord transection. Release of renin in man does not depend therefore upon an intact autonomic nervous system, though it is possible that reflex sympathetic pathways in the isolated spinal cord may be involved.
Mobile Vertical Ranking based on Preference Graphs

We consider the problem of ranking relevant verticals for a given mobile search query so as to satisfy the average user. To this end, we utilise real mobile search click logs, and apply a graph contruction algorithm proposed by Agrawal et al. who tackled the problem of automatically assigning relevance labels to URLs for general web search. While Agrawal et al. ordered URLs based on pairwise preferences and then partitioned the ordered URL list to determine absolute relevance grades, our objective is to rank a given set of verticals for a given query, to help search engine companies select which verticals to include in a search engine result page for a small smartphone screen. We show that "Click > Skip Other" preference rules consistently outperform more conservative rules such as "Click > Skip Previous," and that our best graph-based vertical ranking methods substantially and statistically significantly outperform a competitive baseline that ranks verticals based on click counts.
Postural Stability Assessment Following Concussion: One Piece of the Puzzle

Clinicians regularly assess concussion according to the symptoms that an athlete manifests at the time of injury, as well as during subsequent evaluations. The subjectivity involved with symptom assessment, however, often leaves the clinician without a clear picture of the athlete's true mental status. Neuropsychologic testing has become very popular in the sports medicine community for assessing the cognitive domain of neurologic functioning, and postural stability testing is gaining credence for assessing the motor domain. The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy of postural stability testing as an adjunct to concussion assessment of athletes. Multiple studies, using both sophisticated force plate technology, as well as those using less sophisticated clinical balance tests, have identified postural stability deficits lasting several days following sport-related concussion. It appears that postural stability testing provides a useful tool for objectively assessing the motor domain of neurologic functioning, and should be considered a reliable and valid adjunct to the assessment of athletes suffering from concussion. Although symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and postural stability are often affected initially following concussion, they are not necessarily related or even affected to the same degree.
The ASP‐Qual model: measuring ASP service quality in Greece

Service quality is argued to be a crucial success factor for application service providers (ASPs), but yet an empirically validated instrument for measuring the service quality of ASP vendors needs to be developed. This paper aimed to fill in this gap. After synthesising previous literature on the service quality construct within the context of IS, e‐commerce, ICT outsourcing and ASP effectiveness, the paper proposes a set of dimensions and model for measuring ASP service quality. The model is tested by surveying and analysing data from Greek companies using ASP for developing and maintaining their Web stores. Directions for future research, as well as suggestions for improving the practices of ASP suppliers and users’ are also provided.
Role of Discretionary Current Accruals on Earning Management- A Case Study: Publicly Traded Companies at Tehran Stock Exchange

The aim of this paper is testing earning management of companies providing the initial stock and the relation between discretionary current accruals and Operation cash flow, Free Cash Flow by using the financial information of companies in the Tehran exchange stock in fundamental metals industry and Cement, Lime and Plaster in a period of four years. We used Jonse adjusted model to examine earnings management and discretionary current accruals. We find that the environmental condition of each industry can have an influence on the content of managers’ usage of discretionary current accruals in order to manage earning. It also was determined that discretionary current accruals has significant relation with Operation cash flow and free Cash Flow, and the results show that we can consider free cash flow as an incentive earnings management.
No perinatal HIV-1 transmission from women with effective antiretroviral therapy starting before conception.

BACKGROUND The efficacy of preventing perinatal transmission (PT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) depends on both viral load (VL) and treatment duration. The objective of this study was to determine whether initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) before conception has the potential to eliminate PT. METHODS A total of 8075 HIV-infected mother/infant pairs included from 2000 to 2011 in the national prospective multicenter French Perinatal Cohort (ANRS-EPF) received ART, delivered live-born children with determined HIV infection status, and did not breastfeed. PT was analyzed according to maternal VL at delivery and timing of ART initiation. RESULTS The overall rate of PT was 0.7% (56 of 8075). No transmission occurred among 2651 infants born to women who were receiving ART before conception, continued ART throughout the pregnancy, and delivered with a plasma VL <50 copies/mL (upper 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1%). VL and timing of ART initiation were independently associated with PT in logistic regression. Regardless of VL, the PT rate increased from 0.2% (6 of 3505) for women starting ART before conception to 0.4% (3 of 709), 0.9% (24 of 2810), and 2.2% (23 of 1051) for those starting during the first, second, or third trimester (P < .001). Regardless of when ART was initiated, the PT rate was higher for women with VLs of 50-400 copies/mL near delivery than for those with <50 copies/mL (adjusted odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.9-8.2). CONCLUSIONS Perinatal HIV-1 transmission is virtually zero in mothers who start ART before conception and maintain suppression of plasma VL.