Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Admirals, Generals, and American Foreign Policy, 1898–1914 by Richard D. Challener (review)

similar, why the excitement? Maybe these superlative adjectives are put in to enliven an otherwise pretty dry and one-dimensional book! Although he claims late in the book that this American national phenomenon is excessive by European standards, he might have considered Lawrence Stone's conclusion on sixteenth-century rural England where movement is likened to mid-twentieth-century Los Angeles ('Social Mobility in England, •5oo-•7oo: Conference Paper,' Past and Present, 33, April • 966). Early Pennsylvania's population, by my calculations, was as volatile. On the persistence of population, he found 64 per cent of Bostonians there in • 88o were still present in • 89o, the highest in a range of thirty-one decadal calculations on twelve urban places between • 8oo and • 968, compared to a low of 3 ø per cent. Since twenty-four of the thirty-one figures fall between 4 ø and 6o per cent, he concludes that a general uniformity of persistence has occurred in the American urban scene. But is not a range of 3 ø to 64 per cent, even 4 ø to 6o per cent, quite divergent from the nearly 5 ø per cent average? One also wonders whether the high turnover in the Boston of the • 88os can be squared with this 64 per cent persistence. On occupational mobility, Thernstrom finds that inherited social advantages counted for a great deal in persistence, as might be expected, but that inherited disadvantages had less effect. In other words, more persons and/or their sons rose in status than fell. This was partly the result of a shift in job structure toward more white collar positions, yet he thinks that America until now has been a land of limited opportunity. Within this pattern, blacks have fared badly, and among immigrant groups the Irish and Italians took longer to move from lower status than British, other northern European groups, and Jews. His analysis of ethnic groups in the •88os is marred by a peculiar rejection of Carroll D. Wright's • 88o aggregate data on occupations in favour of a state census of • 885 against which he compares the validity of his • 88o sample from city directories (Table A•). Wright's data are there. Were they left out because they do not fit nearly as neatly as the • 885 census? Unquestionably Thernstrom will be read for comparison by those concerned with social change. There are enough questions on his handling of the data for one to hope it is not read uncritically.
Knowledge and practice of Accredited Social Health Activists for maternal healthcare delivery in Delhi

Introduction: The role of community health workers in healthcare delivery system is considered inevitable to meet the goal of universal healthcare provision. The study was planned to assess the knowledge and practices for maternal health care delivery among Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers in North-East district of Delhi, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in North-East district of Delhi among 55 ASHA workers after taking written informed consent. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire consisted of items on sociodemographic profile of ASHA workers, knowledge, and practices about maternal health. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 17. Qualitative data were expressed in percentages and quantitative data were expressed in mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results: Mean age (±SD) of ASHAs was 31.84 ± 7.2 years. Most of the ASHAs workers were aware of their role in provision of maternal health services. Most of the ASHAs workers were aware of their work of bringing mothers for antenatal check-up (94.5%), counseling for family planning (96.4%), and accompanying them for hospital for delivery (89.1%). 87% of ASHAs knew that iron tablets have to be taken for minimum 100 days during pregnancy. 51 (92.7%) ASHAs reported that they used to maintain antenatal register. Some problems reported by ASHAs while working in community were shortage of staff at health center (16.4%), no transportation facility available (14.5%), no money for emergency, and opposition from local dais (12.7% each). Conclusion: Present study showed that ASHAs knowledge is good but their practices are poor due to number of problems faced by them which need to be addressed through skill based training in terms of good communication and problem solving. Monitoring should be made an integral part of ASHA working in the field to ensure that knowledge is converted into practices as well.
The bell tolls for indeterminant lung nodules: computer-aided nodule assessment and risk yield (CANARY) has the wrong tune.

There is a potential epidemic of indeterminant pulmonary nodules (IPN) with the evolution of low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening programs for lung cancer. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that annual screening with LDCT reduces mortality from lung cancer by 20% in high risk individuals.
Exact Performance Analysis of Ambient RF Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks With Ginibre Point Process

Ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting methods have drawn significant interests due to their ability to provide energy to wireless devices from ambient RF sources. This paper considers ambient RF energy harvesting wireless sensor networks where a sensor node transmits data to a data sink using the energy harvested from the signals transmitted by the ambient RF sources. We analyze the performance of the network, i.e., the mean of the harvested energy, the power outage probability, and the transmission outage probability. In many practical networks, the locations of the ambient RF sources are spatially correlated and the ambient sources exhibit repulsive behaviors. Therefore, we model the spatial distribution of the ambient sources as an α-Ginibre point process (α-GPP), which reflects the repulsion among the RF sources and includes the Poisson point process as a special case. We also assume that the fading channel is Nakagami-m distributed, which also includes Rayleigh fading as a particular case. In this paper, by exploiting the Laplace transform of the α-GPP, we introduce semi-closed-form expressions for the considered performance metrics and provide an upper bound of the power outage probability. The derived expressions are expressed in terms of the Fredholm determinant, which can be computed numerically. In order to reduce the complexity in computing the Fredholm determinant, we provide a simple closed-form expression for the Fredholm determinant, which allows us to evaluate the Fredholm determinant much more efficiently. The accuracy of our analytical results is validated through simulation results.
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bupropion SR in the Treatment of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Objective: Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been the most empirically studied pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a need remains for the investigation of additional pharmacological agents in the treatment of PTSD. The present study examined the use of bupropion sustained release (SR) as compared with placebo for symptom reduction in patients with PTSD: approximately half who were already prescribed an selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and half who were not. Method: Thirty patients (mean age, 50 years) with civilian- or military-related PTSD enrolled in an 8-week evaluation of bupropion SR versus placebo assigned in a 2:1 ratio in addition to their usual pharmacological care. Statistical tests included analyzing both study completers and using an intent-to-treat analysis, as well as post hoc examination of responders versus nonresponders. Results: Although no between-group differences were detected, both groups reported a reduction in PTSD symptoms. In a hypothesis-generating post hoc analysis of responders versus nonresponders in the bupropion SR condition (defined as a Clinician Global Improvement score of at least minimally improved), it seemed that younger patients not currently on another antidepressant were more likely to benefit from bupropion. Conclusions: Bupropion SR in the treatment of PTSD had no significant effect in the current sample. Factors contributing to the absence of an effect need further study. Our analysis points to the inclusion of age and concomitant antidepressant treatment as important variables in any future larger-scale study.
A Demonstration of Conveyor World: Mixed Reality Game on Physically Actuated Game Stage

In this research, we develop an immersive mixed reality game environment using an actuated conveyor belt surface as a game stage. One game player creates the game environment by arranging tangible objects; those objects linearly flow and interact with a virtual character manipulated by another player. We expect that game enjoyment could be leveraged while being highly immersed into mixed reality game world. Also, new kinds of interaction between two players with different game roles are expected. The prototype was pilot-tested and planned for a future demonstration.
Properties of calcium phosphate ceramics in relation to their in vivo behavior.

B one replacement has been under investigation for many centuries. The first report on bone replacement comes from the bronze age, when a skull defect was treated by implantation of a bone autograft. However, the first successful treatment of a bone defect with a bone graft was performed by the Dutch surgeon Job van Meek’ren in 1668. After that, it took many centuries before the first large series of bone transplants was reported. Since that time, the advantages and disadvantages of bone transplantation have become clearly understood. The need for bone replacement is evident in traumatology and orthopedics. Loss of bone caused by trauma, infection, or tumor resection poses great problems on both the treating surgeon and the patient. Treatment of these conditions often includes the implantation of autogenous bone transplant material, but this method leads to significant consequences for the patient. Harvesting autogenous bone grafts causes comorbidity in 6 to 20% of patients, such as persistent pain, hypersensitivity, or anesthesia, and 3 to 9% have more serious problems. Artificial bone replacement materials can avoid these consequences. Since the first use of plaster of paris as an artificial bone replacement material in 1894, different groups of artificial bone replacement materials have been developed over the years. Glass ceramics, metal ceramics, polymers, and calcium phosphate ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalciumphosphate (TCP) have been investigated extensively. These materials have different properties and, therefore, display different interactions with the host tissue. Factors such as porosity, osteoconductivity, and biocompatibility seem to become increasingly important in the development of new artificial bone replacement materials. This paper focuses on the relation between the properties of bone replacement materials, especially calcium phosphate ceramics, and the host tissue, to provide some clarity in the processes involved in the incorporation of these materials in bone tissue. Developments in the combination of osteogenic or osteoinductive substances and calcium phosphate ceramics will be discussed as well. POROSITY
Supply chain risk management: outlining an agenda for future research

In recent years the issue of supply chain risk has been pushed to the fore, initially by fears related to possible disruptions from the much publicised “millennium bug”. Y2K passed seemingly without incident, though the widespread disruptions caused by fuel protests and then Foot and Mouth Disease in the UK, and by terrorist attacks on the USA have underlined the vulnerability of modern supply chains. Despite increasing awareness among practitioners, the concepts of supply chain vulnerability and its managerial counterpart supply chain risk management are still in their infancy. This paper seeks to identify an agenda for future research and to that end the authors go on to clarify the concept of supply chain risk management and to provide a working definition. The existing literature on supply chain vulnerability and risk management is reviewed and compared with findings from exploratory interviews undertaken to discover practitioners' perceptions of supply chain risk and current supply chain risk management strategies.
Psycho-Logic: A ‘Conceptual Toolbox’ and ‘Mind Sharpener’ for Health Psychologists: A Response to Commentaries

This is a reply to K. Glanz, J. Maddock, J. O. Prochaska, D. Seedhouse, and H. Stam on the target article entitled: ‘A pragmatic basis for judging models and theories in health psychology: the axiomatic method’. I defend the claim that one should only test hypotheses that are empirical and avoid testing hypotheses that are necessarily true because of conceptual relations and logic. I argue that the axiomatic system Psycho-Logic (PL) should be added to the other methods which form the health psychologist's methodological ‘toolbox’.
Cellular kinetic differences between Hodgkin's and anaplastic large cell lymphomas: Relation to the expression of p34cdc2 and cyclin B‐1

Our study was designed to compare cellular kinetic parameters of classical Hodgkin's disease (HD) with those of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL‐C, common type; and ALCL‐HL, Hodgkin's like), with a particular focus on the G2/M transition. These disorders share some phenotypic properties, e.g., CD30 positivity of putative neoplastic cells. The percentages of cells expressing p34cdc2 (p34) and cyclin B‐1 (cyclin‐B), which form a complex (maturation/mitosis promoting factor, MPF) regulating the G2‐M phases of the cell cycle, were also registered. Highly significant differences between HD and ALCL‐C were recognized: a) in HD, evidence for abortive mitosis (i.e., difficulty to proceed beyond the metaphase stage) and consequent multinucleation and/or deletion of CD30+ cells was prominent, in contrast to ALCL‐C. This was associated with a markedly lower fraction of large atypical cells (LAC) expressing cyclin‐B in the cytoplasm and the nucleus (C + N) in HD than in ALCL‐C; b) the extent of multinucleation of CD30+ cells in HD, but not in ALCL‐C, was correlated with the %p34+ LAC; c) the proportions of LAC expressing p34 and/or cyclin‐B (C) were positively related to the percentages of cyclin‐B (C + N)+ LAC in ALCL‐C but not in HD; d) in HD, in contrast to ALCL‐C, the size of the fraction of cyclin‐B (C + N)+ LAC did not correlate with the ana/telophase indices (ATI, reflecting successful completion of mitosis) and the magnitude of cell loss; e) in ALCL‐C, the percentages of p34+ LAC were positively correlated with ATI or the degree of CD30+ cell deletion, but inversely in HD. With regard to all parameters mentioned above, ALCL‐HL tended to take an intermediate position between HD and ALCL‐C, but sided more with the latter. In conclusion, our present results suggest a derangement of MPF kinetics and functions that is more profound in HD than in ALCL‐C. Int. J. Cancer 77:408–414, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on influence of electromagnetic disturbance on wireless sensor unit in substation

Wireless sensor unit is vital part of the Internet of Things, which is applied for signal acquisition and transmission. Electromagnetic disturbance issue in substation where wireless sensor unit is located is studied, in order to ensure reliability and security of the Internet of Things. Through field measurements, research on characteristics of steady-state electromagnetic disturbance in substations of different voltage levels and of different insulation types is performed. Simulation of electromagnetic disturbance and location of electrical equipment is applied to reveal influence on communication quality of wireless sensor unit.
Magnet and core loss in a radial flux and a transverse flux PM traction motor

Verified simulation models both in 2D and 3D are used to compare a radial flux machine (IPM) with a transverse flux machine (TFM) for a traction application. The analysis highlights the importance of a dense mesh and a high number of time steps when calculating core and magnet loss. It also shows the practical handling of loss modelling in 2D and 3D respectively, including a stacking factor for the core lamination and magnet segmentation, and it is recommended that you are careful when comparing losses from 2D and 3D models. The TFM is shown to have much higher magnet loss compared to the IPM although the TFM magnet design (with ring magnets) makes segmentation very effective. However, the efficiency is still favorable for the TFM, compared to the IPM due to the relatively low copper loss in the TFM ring coil.
Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in human neuroblastoma cells

The active ingredient of ginseng, ginsenosides Rg1, has been shown to scavenge free radicals and improve antioxidant capacity. This study hypothesized that ginsenosides Rg1 has a protective role in human neuroblastoma cells injured by H2O2. Ginsenosides Rg1 at different concentrations (50 and 100 μM) was used to treat H2O2 (150 μM)-injured SH-SY5Y cells. Results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells injured by H2O2, diminished the amount of leaked lactate dehydrogenase, and increased superoxide dismutase activity. Ginsenoside Rg1 effectively suppressed caspase-3 immunoreactivity, and contributed to heat shock protein 70 gene expression, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 has protective effects on SH-SY5Y cells injured by H2O2 and that its mechanism of action is associated with anti-oxidation and the inhibition of apoptosis.
Health Related Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors Measured by the Stroke Impact Scale

Background: Stroke is often a catastrophic event affecting all aspects of an individual’s life. Objective: To assess HRQOL in patients with cerebral stroke after 1 and 3 months to estimate the impact of individual characteristics; stroke type and severity; on HRQOL and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the SIS for assessing HRQOL. Methods: Fifty patients who had a first-ever stroke were eligible for inclusion. The patients were subjected to thorough history taking and neurological examination using NIHSS; BI; MMSE and BDI. HRQOL was assessed using the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) Version 2.0 with 8 domains: strength, hand function, mobility, physical, ADL/IADL memory, communication, emotion, and participation. Results: Cerebral ischemic stroke was detected in 36 (72%) patients, and cerebral hemorrhage in 14 (36%) patients. The internal reliability of SIS was all exceeding the 0.70 standard except for participation (0.68). Stroke patients were changing significantly in all dimensions of SIS after 3 months except for memory, emotion and communication. The mean total score of the SIS was lower (indicating poorer quality of life) in groups with severe disability measured by BI, severe impairment measured by NIHSS, and moderate-severe depression. The physical dimension correlated significantly with age, co-morbidity and NIHSS; memory domain with co-morbidities and NIHSS; and social participation with age, comorbidities and social score. Conclusion: The SIS is a single stroke outcome measure that aims to assess the various domains important in determining HRQOL in stroke patients that may facilitate a better understanding of individual needs and thereby, planning for programming during recovery. (Egypt J Neurol Psychiat Neurosurg. 2010; 47(2): 267-274)
Wealth inequality as a predictor of HIV-related knowledge in Nigeria

Introduction Considering the high state-level heterogeneity of HIV prevalence and socioeconomic characteristics in Nigeria, it is a relevant setting for studies into the socioeconomic correlates of HIV-related knowledge. Although the relationship between absolute poverty and HIV transmission has been studied, the role of wealth inequality in the dynamics of the HIV epidemic has yet to be investigated in Nigeria. The current study, therefore, investigates wealth inequality and other sociodemographic covariates as predictors of HIV-related knowledge, in order to identify subgroups of the Nigerian population that would benefit from HIV preventive interventions. Methods This study used the nationally representative 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). HIV-related knowledge was computed as a total score based on HIV-related knowledge indicators in the NDHS, dichotomised using the sample median as the cut-off. Wealth inequality and other relevant sociodemographic variables were introduced into a logistic regression model based on their significance in bivariate analyses. ORs derived from the model were interpreted to identify risk groups for low HIV-related knowledge after adjusting for confounding factors. Results The regression model indicated that individuals with lower literacy levels were almost twice as likely as literate respondents to have low HIV-related knowledge (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.95, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.05, P<0.001), and individuals in the upper wealth quintile were less than half as likely than those in the lower wealth quintile to have low HIV-related knowledge (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.46, P<0.001). Women were also more than twice as likely as men to have low HIV-related knowledge at each level of wealth inequality. In addition, women were 80% less likely to have low mother-to-child transmission knowledge than men, but had over 1.5 times higher odds of having poor knowledge of HIV risk reduction measures. Ethnicity, religious affiliation, relationship status and residing in rural areas were additional significant predictors of HIV-related knowledge. Conclusion HIV-related knowledge in this sample is generally low among women, those with low literacy levels, the poor, the unemployed, those residing in rural areas, those with traditional religious beliefs and those living in states with the highest wealth inequality ratios. The identification of these risk groups for low HIV-related knowledge facilitates the implementation of future evidence-based interventions among these groups in order to potentially reduce HIV transmission.
Interpretation and Modeling of Images and Sounds

Humans have an extraordinary ability to see in three dimensions, thanks to their sophisticated binocular vision system. While both biological and computational stereopsis have been thoroughly studied for the last fifty years, the film and TV methodologies and technologies have exclusively used 2D image sequences, including the very recent 3D movie productions that use two image sequences, one for each eye. This state of affairs is due to two fundamental limitations: it is difficult to obtain 3D reconstructions of complex scenes and glass-free multi-view 3D displays, which are likely to need real 3D content, are still under development. The objective of MIXCAM is to develop novel scientific concepts and associated methods and software for producing live 3D content for glass-free multi-view 3D displays. MIXCAM will combine (i) theoretical principles underlying computational stereopsis, (ii) multiple-camera reconstruction methodologies, and (iii) active-light sensor technology in order to develop a complete content-production and -visualization methodological pipeline, as well as an associated proof-of-concept demonstrator implemented on a multiple-sensor/multiplePC platform supporting real-time distributed processing. MIXCAM plans to develop an original approach based on methods that combine color cameras with time-of-flight (TOF) cameras: TOFstereo robust matching, accurate and efficient 3D reconstruction, realistic photometric rendering, real-time distributed processing, and the development of an advanced mixed-camera platform. The MIXCAM consortium is composed of two French partners (Inria and 4D View Solutions). The MIXCAM partners will develop scientific software that will be demonstrated using a prototype of a novel platform, developed by 4D Views Solutions, and which will be available at Inria, thus facilitating scientific and industrial exploitation. 8.2. European Initiatives 8.2. 1. FP7 & H2020 Projects