Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Missing-Permission-Check Vulnerabilities in Distributed Cloud Systems

Missing- Permission-Check (MPC) vulnerability is a type of bug where permission checks are not enforced for privileged operations. MPC vulnerability is prevalent and can cause severe security impacts. This paper proposes the first tool to detect MPC vulnerabilities in distributed cloud systems. We conduct an in-depth study of 95 real-world MPC vulnerabilities and our findings motivate a new tool named MPChecker. The tool introduces a combined log-static analysis to automatically identify privileged operations by inferring variables representing user owned data and critical system states, whose accesses need to be protected. We have evaluated MPChecker with 6 popular distributed systems. The tool reports 44 new vulnerabilities, and 43 of them have been confirmed and labeled as critical bugs. Moreover, 1 bug is particular dangerous and the developers requested to keep it undisclosed.
Consumption Habits Regarding Movies 49

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the main characteristics of the home cinema as well as to study the various influences on the choices regarding watching movies at home. All the while the paper also seeks the answer to find out what opportunities could be pursued for the sake of leading the consumers back to the legal territory. Methodology – Apart from the literature review, the study contains a secondary research that was conducted by collecting torrent tracker data from an aggregating website for a five-year period, from which the user base data was separated and highlighted. Findings – The paper presents an overview of some literature regarding movie consumption and points out the main classical behavior tropes that are also applicable to the case of watching movies as well as some potential alternative method – which could prove to be viable even with users who commonly tend to use illegal downloads to obtain movies – that could switch up the current ones. Research limitations – The goal is to expose the main theoretical correlations, while the primary research is not part of the paper, thus, further primary research is needed in the future to provide more insight into the thought process behind the choices of movie consumers. Value – The paper explores the movie related decision making process as well as it tries to gain an understanding about the main mechanisms behind movie industry related phenomena. Classification – Conceptual paper.
Introduced Species Management in Haida Gwaii ( Queen Charlotte Islands )

Gwaii Haanas (Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site) recognizes species introductions on the archipelago of Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) as one of the more important threats to ecological integrity in this region. These introductions may place many unique species or natural communities at risk. Several initiatives are underway to mitigate the effects of these species as well as to reduce the risk of range expansions or new introductions. This paper provides examples that illustrate the scope of introduced species research, monitoring, and restoration initiatives that are underway on Haida Gwaii.
Time Reference and Lexical Effects in Mood Choice Following Spanish Epistemic Adverb quizá ( s ) : A Dialectal Comparison

Throughout history, the Romance languages have purportedly experienced loss of Subjunctive temporal forms (Camús Bergareche 1990; Harris 1974; Poplack 1992; Silva-Corvalán 2001:146) while experiencing the extension of the Indicative and Conditional to contexts where previously the Subjunctive was exclusively used (Klein-Andreu 1991; Silva-Corvalán 1985). French is particularly known for this shift. Having eliminated the imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive forms from everyday speech, vernacular French uses only the present and present perfect subjunctive (que je chante, que j’aie chanté) (Woehr 1972:323). Many have wondered whether Spanish is headed in the same direction. For example, one scholar points out what he believes is the waning of past Subjunctive forms in Spanish.
Economic Convergence in Context of Knowledge Economies in Asia: Instrumental Variable Estimation

Traditional convergence empirics overlook the role of knowledge as a contributor to economic convergence. This paper incorporates knowledge as a factor contributing towards economic convergence in Asian countries. In addition to knowledge, capital formation, interaction effects of tertiary education with ICT and knowledge and finally electricity consumption are also used in the said regression. Instrumental Variables estimation is used to test convergence hypothesis for sample Asian countries for data of time period 2001-2010. Empirical results are in favor of knowledge-augmented convergence, inferring that knowledge participates in convergence process across sample Asian countries. Factors like capital accumulation and interaction effects of ICT and knowledge with human capital and electricity consumption show their positive role in contributing to income per capita. Recommendations are made to improve the tertiary education sector and to promote economically productive research for advancing towards economic convergence in Asian region in particular and for UDCs in general.
Evolution of an acetylcholinesterase gene complex and its contribution to organophosphate insensitivity in an invasive mite pest

Pesticide resistance provides an intriguing system to study adaptative evolution because the candidate genes, the targets of pesticidal compounds, are often known a priori. In the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Trombidiformes: Penthaleidae, Tucker 1925), amplification of the acetylcholinesterase gene (ace), has led to the evolution of a gene complex. This gene complex has likely evolved in response to decades of organophosphate selection to control this invasive mite pest in the Australian grain and pasture industry. Using a pool-seq approach and experimental selection of H. destructor mites, we find that this ace gene complex likely contributes to organophosphate insensitivity in several ways. Firstly, we found that an increased copy number of individual ace genes within this complex is associated with organophosphate insensitivity. This effect may be general (increased copy number across all ace genes) or related to specific ace genes (the ancestral ace gene, HDE_14279, in a subset of populations). Secondly, target-site mutations (G119S, A201S, and F331Y) in the ancestral ace gene appear to be associated with evolved resistance to high doses of organophosphates. Thirdly, despite the low within-gene polymorphism, there were high levels among-gene polymorphisms at codons typically associated with resistance in other arthropods. These included fixed amino acids known to confer resistance (e.g., at codons 119, 201, 227, 331, and 441), but the functional effect of these mutations at amplified ace genes is yet to be characterised. Although we tested for the effects of other (non- ace ) genes ( e.g., detoxification on cuticular genes), our genome scans were equivocal and could not identify any other clear candidate genes contributing to organophosphate insensitivity. Our study makes headway on unravelling the intricacies of the ace gene complex in H. destructor and its phenotypic effects. We highlight the role of gene amplifications in adaptive evolution and its potential to generate polygenic-like mechanisms and non-convergent responses to selection among populations. (non-ace genes) are associated with organophosphate insensitivity. Our results suggest that genes within the ace complex may contribute to organophosphate insensitivity through copy number variation and target-site mutation effects. We were unable to find clear evidence of additional genetic factors that might contribute toward organophosphate insensitivity through detoxification and (or) reduced penetration. Organophosphate insensitivity appears to be multifaceted and polygenic in H. destructor with the potential for non-convergent genetic mechanisms evolving to produce resistance.
A survey on anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of communally grazed sheep and goats in a rural area of North West Province , Republic of South Africa

Anthelmintic resistance was investigated between January and March of 2010 using the Faecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) test on 40 each of communally grazed smallholder sheep and goats in a rural area of the North West Province of South Africa. Fecal egg count decreases below 95% were considered to imply resistance to the respective anthelmintics. Results revealed no overall resistance to all the anthelmintics studied in sheep (ų = 9698%), while an emerging trend of resistance was noted in goats (ų =71.893%). Only 10% of the sheep farms exhibited resistance to albendazole and ivermectin while 40% showed resistance to closantel. Among goat farms, 40% exhibited resistance to albendazole and closantel, while 60% revealed resistance to ivermectin, implying a farm specific trend as well. On a comparative basis, resistance to all 3 drugs was lower in sheep than in goats. The anthelmintic resistance revealed in goats and on some sheep farms is a cause for concern about the possible spread of resistance that is rampant on numerous commercial sheep farms in South Africa. [R. Bakunzi, Louisa K. Nkomo, Lebogang E. Motsei, Rendani V. Ndou, Mathew Nyirenda. A survey on anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of communally grazed sheep and goats in a rural area of North West Province, Republic of South Africa. Life Sci J 2013;10(2):391-393] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 59
Effect of Rosemary, Basil, and Mint Leaves Extracts on Quality of Chilled Chicken Burger

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum Genovese),mint (Mentha spicata L.), and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinallis L) leaves extracts on quality attributes of chilled chicken burger. Each of the aqueous or the ethanolic extracts (3% w/v) was added in prepared chicken burgers. The antimicrobial activity of the leaves was studied. Chemical composition, physical characteristics, and sensory evaluation were evaluated for cooked burgers. The physical characteristics included cooking yield, shrinkage, pH value, and water holding capacity, while thechemical characteristics included peroxide value, acid value, total volatile nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid of chilled prepared chicken burgers stored at 4±1◦C for 14 days. The resulted data indicated that, rosemary extracts appeared to have higher antioxidants activity than mint and basil extracts. The antioxidants activities of 1% rosemary ethanolic extract was moderate (82.09 mg/ ml) compared to BHT (95.86 mg/ ml). All extracts positively inhibited the growth of pathogenic microorganisms with specific emphasis for the ethanolic extract. The sensory evaluation showed no significant differences (p < 0.05) between the control samples and the prepared chicken burger samples with the added extracts. The findings of the current study recommend possible use of rosemary, basil, and mint extracts as natural sources of antioxidants and preservatives to extend the burgers shelf life under chilling storage to provide consumers with save healthy chicken burger.
A Survey of 2 D and 3 D Shape Descriptors

3D objects play a vital role in computer games, movies, TV and military research. Researchers have studied 3D object retrieval techniques using 2D and 3D shape descriptors in the last several decades. In this paper, some of the most popular shape descriptors are reviewed. We first discuss the important criteria for a good shape descriptor. Then, we classify 2D and 3D shape descriptors into several categories. For each category, we review the state-of-the-art techniques along with their advantages and disadvantages. We also examine the recent contributions and improvements in these techniques and provide a comparison with other successful techniques based on previous literature and surveys. Finaly we discuss the possible future directions.
Abstrak—Pemerintah menyediakan dana bagi kelompok masyarakat tidak mampu yang diberikan dalam bentuk subsidi

Abstrak—Pemerintah menyediakan dana bagi kelompok masyarakat tidak mampu yang diberikan dalam bentuk subsidi terhadap tarif tenaga listrik untuk pelanggan rumah tangga dengan daya 450 VA dan 900 VA. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) yang telah diolah oleh Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K), dikeluarkan daftar 40% masyarakat Indonesia yang berada dalam kondisi ekonomi terendah. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan klasifikasi sesuai karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh pelanggan subsidi listrik rumah tangga daya 450 VA dan 900 VA menggunakan metode Support Vector Machine dan Naïve Bayes Classifier. Hasil Perbandingan antara metode SVM dan NBC didapatkan bahwa SVM memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dengan parameter optimal yang diperoleh pada kernel RBF adalah C = 10 dan =1. Kategori 450 VA sebanyak 91,6% pelanggan rumah tangga diklasifikasikan dengan benar dan sisanya 8,4% pelanggan rumah tangga diprediksi masuk ke dalam kategori subsidi 900 VA. Pada kategori subsidi 900 VA sebanyak 81,9% pelanggan rumah tangga diklasifikasikan dengan benar dan sisanya 18,1% pelanggan rumah tangga diprediksi masuk kategori 450 VA.
Forests for Semantic Image Labelling

Machine learning is one of the strongest driving forces behind modern computer vision systems, giving rise to impressive results on practical tasks like image classification and body part recognition. One of the prerequisites for making such systems work is the availability of large and accurately labelled training data sets. Of similar importance is how to find an optimal data representation for the task at hand. In the computer vision community, much effort has gone into the careful design of appropriate representations (aka features), i.e. SIFT, HOG or Shape Context are examples of ingeniously engineered representations, exploiting prior knowledge about the tasks to be accomplished. However, in the recent years increasing efforts have been spent on addressing also the data representation problem by means of machine learning techniques, in order to reduce the dependency on properly designed, hand-crafted features by jointly learning of classifiers and the representations they operate on. This trend has mostly been stimulated by the successful application of deep architectures to representation learning. In such architectures, multiple sequences of non-linear processing stages generate data representation hierarchies, that are ultimately able to describe highly complex compositions in the data. However, it is known that deep learning architectures require substantial experience for hyper-parameter tuning.
On The Linkage Between Strategic Human Resource Management And Organizational Performance

This paper is a review of prior researches specific to the impact of Strategic human resource management on organizational performance. The major sub-topics covered in the review of the relevant literature include, the relationship between the strategic human resource management perspectives (Resource based view, Investment, fit, and economic perspectives), SHRM activities (HR practices, policies and systems), HR assets (Human capital and social capital) and organizational performance; and the review on the topic SHRM measurement. We conclude our review with major points of our observation. Finally, we indicate area of attention that has to be examined in future research on the link between SHRM and organizational performance.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Two Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea : a Case Report

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a breathing disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep. Oral appliances have been used in patients with moderate to severe OSAS, who cannot tolerate or refuse the therapy with continuous positive airway pressure or candidates who present impossibility of performing surgery. Oral appliances such as mandibular advancement devices (MADs) have been widely used and proven to be effective. In addition to stabilizing the mandible, some MADs allow the patient to move it laterally and vertically without disengaging the appliance, reducing the risk of injuring the temporomandibular joint. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two types of oral appliances in the treatment of apnea. A patient who presented moderate OSAS and severe oxygen desaturation (SaO2 minimum of 55%) was treated by two different types of MADs: the PM Positioner TM, which is a device that do not allow lateral movements of the mandible, and the Placa Lateroprotrusiva (PLP®), which allows lateral movements. The PLP® was more effective than the PM PositionerTM. Long-term assessment revealed that PLP® was more effective because it provided more comfort and a greater capacity for mandibular advancement, when compared to a device which did not allow the jaw to move laterally.
MB DISTRIBUTION AND ITS APPLICATION USING MAXIMUM ENTROPY APPROACH

Maxwell Boltzmann distribution with maximum entropy approach has been used to study the variation of political temperature and heat in a locality. We have observed that the political temperature rises without generating any political heat when political parties increase their attractiveness by intense publicity, but voters do not shift their loyalties. It has also been shown that political heat is generated and political entropy increases with political temperature remaining constant when parties do not change their attractiveness, but voters shift their loyalties (to more attractive parties).
BIOPSY IN COELIAC DISEASE DIAGNOSIS : WHEN IS IT NECESSARY ?

Duodenal biopsy is considered the Gold Standard for Coeliac Disease (CD) diagnosis at the moment. As the ESPGHAN guidelines published in 2012 state, CD can be diagnosed without biopsy in patients with typical symptoms and tTG-IgA levels which are ten times over the reference values. The aim of this study is to establish the association between tTG-IgA levels and anatomic lesions, by redefining the biopsy role in the CD diagnosis. The research focuses on Positive Predictive Value of serological tests, also in patients without typical clinical presentation. In this retrospective study, clinical and laboratory data have been analysed in 95 pediatric patients, assessed at the Pediatric Unit in Siena from 2005 to 2011. Eightysix patients have been included, with typical symptoms, monosymptomatic or asymptomatic, all with tTG-IgA >9U/ml and a biopsy report. Patients have been divided into 5 groups (A-E) according to their tTG-IgA levels: A, >100 UI/ml; B, 8099 UI/ml; C, 60-79 UI/ml; D, 40-69 UI/ml; E, 9-39 UI/ml. A Positive Predictive Value (PPV) for each group has been evaluated. 78,9 of the patients included reported a positive biopsy. Biopsy was positive in 100 of the patients in groups A, B, C, with a Positive Predictive Value of 100%. PPV was 75% in group D and 78,7% in group E. In group A patients were divided in 3 subgroups: typical symptoms (67.4%), monosymptomatic (16.2%) and asymptomatic (16.2%). All of them (100%) had a positive biopsy report. PPV was 100% in typical symptoms subgroup as well as in monosymptomatic and asymptomatic patients. This study confirms the ESPGHAN Recommendation, concluding that in patients with typical symptoms and tTg-IgA ten times over the reference values the biopsy could be avoided. These results open the question whether the biopsy can be also avoided in patients with tTG-IgA ten times over the reference values even if monosymptomatic or asymptomatic. This approach could be followed by 50% of biopsies avoided in our case series.
Performa Slider Bearing Bertekstur dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan CFD

In the traditional hydrodynamic lubrication theory, the assumption of perfectly smooth bearing surfaces is often adopted. However, it has been examined that such assumption is unrealistic because in general no surfaces are smooth. The present paper investigates the effect of surface roughness on the performance of textured slider bearing using CFD (computational fluid dynamic) approach. The multi-phase cavitation model is used to model cavitation phenomena in more real way. The performance of rough slider bearing is compared with a corresponding smooth slider bearing varying the inertia conditions. Based on the simulation results, it is found that hydrodynamic pressure and load support decrease with surface roughness. It is also highlighted that if the bearing is designed to have low inertia, the load support will become larger.
DETERMINANTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION AMONG MUSLIM COMMUNITY

There are several empirical studies which have examined and identified the important factors that determine the participation of people in higher education. These studies have identified the important factors associated with the participation in higher education like income of the family (Haveman and Wolfe, 1995); educational and occupational status of parents (Pedro Carneneiro and Heckman, 2003); the family environment like size of family (Averett and Burton 1996 and Schneider and Coleman 1993) and type family and social status of the family (Lareau, 1987) and expectations of parents (Entwistle and Alexander, 1994). Hence, the demand for higher education is determined by a multitude of socio-economic variables. In our previous chapter, we have found that there are differences in the demand for higher education between emigrant and non-emigrant households among the Muslim community. Therefore, in this chapter, we have attempted to identify the factors that determine the participation in higher education in members of Muslim community. It is vital to identify the influence of individual variables on the participation in higher education by household members. To find out and quantify the net effect of individual variables on the demand for higher education, we have carried out the binary logistic regression analysis.
The Impact of Resources of China ’ s SMEs on Their Internationalization Performance

According to Resource-based View, this paper is based on three kinds of resources of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): entrepreneurial ability, human resources and social network. Through the structural equation model analysis of the data collected from the questionnaires, it is concluded that all above three aspects have a positive impact on the internationalization performance of SMEs, and the most significant one is relationship network. Among them, the management ability and learning ability of entrepreneurs, the professional knowledge and skills of employees, and the relationship between SMEs and suppliers are the most significant factors in these three aspects respectively. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, the corresponding recommendations are finally put forward. Keywords—SMEs, internationalization, resources of enterprises
EasyChair Preprint No 362 Local Soundness for QBF Calculi

We develop new semantics for resolution-based calculi for Quantified Boolean Formulas, covering both the CDCL-derived calculi and the expansion-derived ones. The semantics is centred around the notion of a partial strategy for the universal player and allows us to show in a local, inference-by-inference manner that these calculi are sound. It also helps us understand some less intuitive concepts, such as the role of tautologies in long-distance resolution or the meaning of the “star” in the annotations of IRM-calc. Furthermore, we show that a clause of any of these calculi can be, in the spirit of Curry-Howard correspondence, interpreted as a specification of the corresponding partial strategy. The strategy is total, i.e. winning, when specified by the empty clause.