Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling the pandemic: attuning models to their contexts

The evidence produced in mathematical models plays a key role in shaping policy decisions in pandemics. A key question is therefore how well pandemic models relate to their implementation contexts. Drawing on the cases of Ebola and influenza, we map how sociological and anthropological research contributes in the modelling of pandemics to consider lessons for COVID-19. We show how models detach from their implementation contexts through their connections with global narratives of pandemic response, and how sociological and anthropological research can help to locate models differently. This potentiates multiple models of pandemic response attuned to their emerging situations in an iterative and adaptive science. We propose a more open approach to the modelling of pandemics which envisages the model as an intervention of deliberation in situations of evolving uncertainty. This challenges the ‘business-as-usual’ of evidence-based approaches in global health by accentuating all science, within and beyond pandemics, as ‘emergent’ and ‘adaptive’.
Situating Preventive Action in a Moral and Clinical Context: A Qualitative Synthesis on Fall Prevention

The prevention of falls is an integral part of the safety culture of health institutions with mandatory fall prevention programs set within health care facilities. Care providers are key in identifying the risks of falls and in implementing strategic actions to prevent them. With the aim to better understand practices of fall prevention, we conducted a synthesis of qualitative evidence on care providers’ practices to prevent older people from falling in health care facilities. This synthesis is part of an integrative review of the role of care providers in fall prevention of adults aged 65 years and above. Primary studies were synthesized with the emerging core category of “a complex decision” and described by four emerging conditions that make that decision complex: (a) permanent threat of a fall, (b) continuous flow of information, (c) lack of control, and (d) ethical dilemmas and moral issues over the course of action. The present synthesis shows that before implementing preventive actions, care providers consider the conditions in which they are immersed, in this way situating their preventive actions in a clinical and a moral context.
Improving Recommender Systems Using Co-Appearing and Semantically Correlated User Interests

Recommender Systems use user interests to provide more accurate recommendations according to user actual interests and behavior. This work aims at improving recommender systems by discovering hidden user interests from the existing interests. User interest expansion would contribute in improving the accuracy of recommender systems by finding more user interests using the given ones. Two methods are proposed to perform the expansion: Expanding interests using correlated interests’ extractor and Expanding interests using word embeddings. Experimental work shows that such expanding is efficient in terms of accuracy and execution time. Therefore, expanding user interests proved to be a promising step in the improvement of the recommender systems performance.
The influence of some forest operations on the sustainable management of forest soils— a review

Summary This review paper describes the nature and scale of changes to forest soils brought about by forestry operations. A relatively non-technical approach is adopted with the aim of stimulating debate within as wide an audience as possible. The paper does not aim to be exhaustive but rather a position statement. Areas where further study is required are highlighted. The concept of sustainabilit y is explored in relation to forest soils, and the condition highlighted is that impacts of forest management operations should not, in the long term, exceed the capacity of soil to recover by natural processes (e.g. erosion losses should not exceed soil formation rates, nutrient removals should not exceed nutrient inputs etc.). Soil erosion, nutrient removal, compaction, and changes in organic matter content and soil water status are identified as the most important processes involved in the impacts of management. The impacts of some of the more intensive forest management regimes on soil compaction, nutrient removal and erosion rates appear to be of similar magnitude to the recovery capacity of soils. Where the most intensive forms of forest operation are used on susceptible sites some degree of long-term soil degradation appears to be likely, and it can be regarded as valid to describe such management practices as unsustainable . However, the scale of occurrence of such management is probably relatively modest, and decreasing. On less susceptible sites, and where less intensive forms of management are employed, impacts on soils are low enough for management to be regarded as sustainable, and are often less than under pre-existing land uses. Compaction caused by heavy harvesting and extraction machinery, nutrient depletion resulting from whole tree harvesting on infertile sites where rotations are short, and erosion following cultivation and harvesting on erodible soils are the greatest causes of concern. Compliance with recent Forestry Commission guidelines should lead to lower impacts than those recorded during recent decades. However, rotation-length audits of the impacts of different forest management regimes on a range of site types are needed before definitive statements about the sustainability of management operations can be made.
Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 in a river used for fresh produce irrigation in Nigeria.

Concerns about the persistence of Escherichia coli O157 in irrigation waters and its transmission to fresh produce makes investigation of irrigation waters imperative. The prevalence of this pathogen and seasonal levels of water quality parameters in Kubanni River were studied, using standard methods, over a 10-month period. Detection rate for E. coli O157 confirmed by slide agglutination was 2.1%. Faecal coliform counts (FCC) exceeded acceptable limits and was significantly higher in the dry season than during the rainy season (p<0.05). Remarkably, nitrate level was significantly higher in the rainy season than dry season (p<0.05). A significant (p<0.05) correlation was established between FCC and each of nitrate (r = 0.25), biochemical oxygen demand (r = 0.51) and electrical conductivity (r = 0.55). It was concluded that the Kubanni River represents a potential public health risk, being unfit for fresh produce irrigation. Perhaps, this is the first report on the isolation of E. coli O157 from water sources in Nigeria.
Brief cycles of lower-limb occlusion accelerate recovery kinetics in soccer players

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intermittent vascular occlusion (IVO) on recovery following simulated soccer physical demand test in soccer players. Methods: Twelve soccer players completed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) in two conditions placebo (PLA) and IVO followed by intermittent lower-limb occlusion. Physical performance (Squat jump: SJ, countermovement jump: CMJ, maximal voluntary contraction: MVC, and 20 m sprint: SP), muscle damage parameters (creatine kinase: CK, Lactate dehydrogenase: LDH), inflammatory parameter (C-reactive protein: CRP), and perceived muscle soreness (DOMS) were assessed before, immediately after (0 h), and 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h following the exercise. Results: Following the LIST, a decrease was observed in all Physical performance within 48 h in PLA condition (p < 0.05), compared to PLA treatment, IVO treatment attenuated the decrease of SJ and CMJ at 24 h and at 48 h and for MVC and SP within 48 h after the LIST (p < 0.05). CK and LDH levels increased within 24 h post-exercise in both conditions (p < 0.05), but with a lower level in IVO compared to PLA condition (p < 0.05). Likewise, DOMS values were significantly lower with IVO condition compared to PLA condition immediately and at 24 h after exercise. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the application of IVO after simulated soccer physical demand test accelerated recovery kinetics in soccer players.
A Dissertation Presented by

Buffer gas cooling is applied to load magnetic traps with atoms having a 1 μB magnetic dipole moment. Large numbers, up to 4 × 1013, of lithium, copper, and silver, are trapped with lifetimes as long as 200 s. For lithium, the buffer gas can be removed from the trap, leaving a background gas density of ∼ 1011 cm−3. Further improvements are suggested that could be used to reduce this number far enough to achieve thermal isolation of the trapped atoms. The collisional properties of copper and silver with helium3 are studied. An anomalous temperature dependence for the relaxation cross-section is discovered in the silver–helium-3 system. This is compared to a theoretical prediction based on the canonical spin-rotation interaction. The measurement and theory disagree, suggesting that the relaxation is due to a typically neglected mechanism.
Commentary

& The stated mission of the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders (CCBD) includes ‘‘supporting the professional development and enhancing the expertise of those who work on behalf of children with challenging behavior and their families’’ (http:// www.ccbd.net/About/OurMission). The stated goal of CCBD’s journal Behavioral Disorders (BD) is the publication of research relating to the education of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. It is with these emphases in mind that we provide commentary on the series of four articles included in this editorsolicited special edition. Our analysis is offered through the lens of three professionals whose job-related responsibilities include research and the preparation of present and future teachers of students with learning and behavioral disorders for careers that most often begin in traditional public school classrooms. Our message, placing the special edition articles in the larger context of current and future research and practices that develop knowledge and enhance expertise for CCBD members and BD readers, is threefold and suggests that the field continue efforts to
Development and validation of a risk score for predicting mortality after resection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHCC) has a poor prognosis and high short-term mortality rate, even after resection. Thus, early diagnosis in PHCC cases can help improve quality of life via personalized management strategies. Results: The risk score system (RSS) were classified as low risk (<5 points), medium risk (5–10 points), or high risk (>10 points). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.80 in the training cohort and 0.69 in the validation cohort, which indicated satisfactory prognostic performance. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test (P>0.05) revealed consistent performance in both groups. The concordance index (C-index: 0.663, 95% CI: 0.618–0.708) revealed excellent discrimination and good calibration in the validation cohort. Conclusions: This simple RSS, which is based on clinical and laboratory data from patients undergoing resection of PHCC, might allow clinicians and medical staff to better manage PHCC. Materials and Methods: A total of 672 PHCC cases were retrospectively obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2007 and February 2015. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify independent predictors of mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to examine the relationships between the prognostic factors and overall mortality.
Is pancreas development abnormal in the non-obese diabetic mouse, a spontaneous model of type I diabetes?

Despite extensive genetic and immunological research, the complex etiology and pathogenesis of type I diabetes remains unresolved. During the last few years, our attention has been focused on factors such as abnormalities of islet function and/or microenvironment, that could interact with immune partners in the spontaneous model of the disease, the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Intriguingly, the first anomalies that we noted in NOD mice, compared to control strains, are already present at birth and consist of 1) higher numbers of paradoxically hyperactive fl cells, assessed by in situ preproinsulin II expression; 2) high percentages of immature islets, representing islet neogenesis related to neonatal fl-cell hyperactivity and suggestive of in utero fl-cell stimulation; 3) elevated levels of some types of antigenpresenting cells and FasL + cells, and 4) abnormalities of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression. However, the colocalization in all control mouse strains studied of fibroblast-like cells (anti-TR-7 labeling), some ECM proteins (particularly, fibronectin and collagen I), antigen-presenting cells and a few FasL + cells at the periphery of islets undergoing neogenesis suggests that remodeling phenomena that normally take place during postnatal pancreas development could be disturbed in NOD mice. These data show that from birth onwards there is an intricate relationship between endocrine and immune events in the NOD mouse. They also suggest that tissue-specific autoimmune reactions could arise from developmental phenomena taking place during fetal life in which ECM-immune cell interaction(s) may play a key role.
Facilitators and Barriers to Wearing Hand Orthoses by Adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Mixed Methods Study Design

Background: To retard shortening of finger flexors in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), hand orthoses are prescribed. However, many patients do not wear the orthoses regularly. To optimize orthotic interventions, we need insight into the factors influencing compliance. Objective: To evaluate the compliance regarding hand orthoses in an adult DMD population and to explore experiences and perceptions of DMD patients wearing orthoses, and of their caregivers. Methods: Mixed methods observational study, combining quantitative and qualitative data from medical charts combined with qualitative semi-structured interviews using a constant comparative method and a short validated questionnaire (D-QUEST). Results: 65 medical charts were analyzed. 48 patients were assessed as needing hand orthoses, of whom 37.5 % were compliant. Qualitative data analyses revealed (1) motivation: preservation of hand function; (2) barriers: discomfort and impediments; (3) facilitators: good fit and personalized wearing schedule; (4) fitting process: satisfactory, but patients do not readily seek help when barriers appear. Conclusions: Patients are motivated to wear hand orthoses, but often discontinue use because of orthosis-and disease-specific barriers. The identification of these barriers leads to practical and feasible recommendations concerning the orthoses and the fitting process, such as less rigid material, preservation of some function while wearing the orthoses, and fixed evaluation points. The findings were confirmed by the D-QUEST.
Impact of Early Reinitiation of Neuropsychiatric Medications on Agitation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study

Background: Approximately 17% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are prescribed at least 1 home neuropsychiatric medication (NPM). When abruptly discontinued, withdrawal symptoms may occur manifesting as agitation or delirium in the ICU setting. Objective: To evaluate the impact of early reinitiation of NPMs. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort of adult ICU patients in a tertiary care hospital. Patients were included if admitted to the ICU and prescribed a NPM prior to arrival. Study groups were based on the timing of reinitiation of at least 50% of NPMs: ≤72 hours (early group) versus >72 hours (late group). Results: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with at least 1 agitation or delirium episode in the first 72 hours. Agitation and delirium were defined as at least 1 RASS assessment between +2 to +4 and a positive CAM-ICU assessment, respectively. A total of 300 patients were included, with 187 (62%) and 113 (38%) in the early and late groups, respectively. There was no difference in agitation or delirium (late 54 [48%] vs early 62 [33%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.8-2.8; P = 0.193). Independent risk factors found to be associated with the primary outcome were restraints (aOR = 12.9; 95% CI = 6.9-24.0; P < 0.001) and benzodiazepines (BZDs; aOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0-3.7; P = 0.038). Conclusions: After adjustment for baseline differences, there was no difference in agitation or delirium. Independent risk factors were restraint use and newly initiated BZDs.
Study of the Risk and Preventive Factors for Progress of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for progress of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Methods: This study was based on the epidemiological survey in 2011 (No. PKJ2010-Y26) and contained 441 MCI individuals. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination, clinical dementia rating, and montreal cognitive assessment. The association between demographic characteristics and MCI outcomes were evaluated using single-and multifactor ordered logistic regression analysis models. Results: Of the 441 MCI, 77 progressed to dementia (MCIp: 17.5%, 95% CI: 14.4%-21.6%), 356 remained stable (MCIs: 80.7%, 95% CI: 77.0%-88.4%), and 8 reverted to normal cognition (MCIr: 1.8%, 95% CI: 0.6%-3.0%) at follow-up in 2017. Univariate ordinal regression analysis showed that diabetes (P = .052), marriage (P = .028), worker (P = .069), and manager (P = .075) may be the risk factor for the status of MCI. Multiple ordinal regression results showed that diabetes (P = .049) and marriage (P = .04) significantly affected the cognitive function changes in the MCI patients. Conclusion: Nondiabetics and being married may prevent the progression from MCI to dementia.
Optimization of pectinase-assisted extraction of Annona muricata L. juice and the effect of liquefaction on its pectin structure.

BACKGROUND Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is an underutilized tropical and subtropical fruit with high nutritional and therapeutic benefits. This fruit is faced with enormous post-harvest losses due to its high perishability. This work was aimed to optimize the pectinase-assisted extraction conditions of soursop juice using Doehlert design and to study the effect of pectinase on its pectin structure. RESULTS The predicted models were validated for all the responses studied and the regression coefficients ranged from 0.905 to 0.987 (p ≤ 0.05). An incubation time of 172 min, enzyme concentration of 0.04% (w/w) and incubation temperature at 42.9 °C were found to be the optimal conditions for soursop juice extraction, which resulted in 75.20%, 3.74, 87.06%T, 7.35 °Brix, and 0.44% MAE for soursop juice yield, pH, clarity, TSS, and titratable acidity respectively. Morphologically, untreated soursop pulp presented a non-uniform spherical surface; enzyme hydrolyzed soursop exhibited ruptured and wrinkled surface; meanwhile for the different pectin obtained, untreated soursop pectin depicted porous surface and enzyme hydrolyzed soursop pectin showed whirling rough surface. FTIR confirmed the presence of similar chemical group stretching and vibrations in commercial pectin and soursop pectin. CONCLUSION Under the optimum conditions, the numerical predictions were similar to the experimental data obtained, thus confirming the validity of the models. Application of enzyme treatment caused the breakdown of pectin structure as illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pilot Findings

Storybook reading is often credited as an important context in which children attend to and interact with print, thereby facilitating their acquisition of key emergent literacy concepts. To test the assumption that children visually attend to print in this context, this study used eye-gaze analysis to determine the extent to which four preschool children looked at print when being read two storybooks. Results showed that the children rarely attended to print; that is, they seldom fixated on print and infrequently entered "print zones" (areas on storybook pages containing print). There was, however, significant variation in children's visual attention to print when comparing the two books studied, with children attending to and fixating on print at higher rates with the storybook containing more salient print. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
HIGHLY VARIABLE MINICHROMOSOMES AND HIGHLY CONSERVED ENDOGLUCANASE GENES IN THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA

Electrophoretic karyotype analysis of 17 different isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina revealed the presence of from zero to six minichromosomes (less than 2000 kilobases (kb)), with the smallest size observed being approximately 785 kb. Each isolate had a unique minichromosome pattern, whether from the same field or from different continents. The highly variable minichromosome pattern contrasts to the high degree of conservation found in the two endoglucanase genes (egl1 and egl2) harbored by M. phaseolina. Gene structure was conserved, as judged by Southern analysis, and restriction fragment length was conserved. Digestion of DNA with Sal1 resulted in a 2-kb fragment containing egl1, and a 4-kb fragment contained egl2. Conservation of restriction fragment length suggests that the portions of the genome harboring the endoglucanases are less subject to rearrangement, relative to minichromosome DNA.Key words: charcoal rot, cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulase.
ANTIMICROBIAL CONSTITUENTS FROM PLANTS

Research on medicinal plants showed promising constituents for effective treatment and management of various illnesses. Microbes are commonly found everywhere which causes many diseases to the man kind. Antibiotics available in the markets are often reported of microbial resistance. S cientist realized that the effective life span of any Antibiotic is limited hence new sources from plants need be investigated. A multitude of plant compounds as always promised as a Antimicrobial agents. In this article authors made an attempt to review t he constituents which showed potential Antimicrobial activity.
Economic evaluation of inland fisheries in England and Wales

Recreational inland fisheries are recognized to have considerable socio-economic benefits, not only for individuals participating directly but also for others in both local and wider communities. In England and Wales the Environment Agency (EA) has a duty to maintain, improve and develop inland fisheries. At present, there are no recent economic evaluations of the whole range of UK inland fisheries for the EA to refer to when confronted with resource issues. There is a particular need to explore the benefits of fisheries to the wider community, in order to secure more resources for management and protection of fisheries. Preliminary results from a multi-modular project to study the economic values associated with recreational fisheries in England and Wales are presented. Topics examined included recreational anglers’ consumer surplus, general public non-use values of fisheries, social benefits of recreational fishing and impacts of fisheries on local communities.