Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of diesel Spray Flow with Different Break-up Models

The objective of this work is to simulate spray flow with different break-up models and investigate the effect of these models on DI diesel engine combustion and performance. In this simulation, the 3-Dimensional Naiver-Stokes equation is solved with SIMPLEC algorithm. All the simulations were carried out by the use of FIRE CFD tool. Results were validated with available experimental data for OM_355 DI diesel engine for mean cylinder pressure. There have been good agreements between experiments and the CFD calculations.
Exploring future competitive advantage through sustainable supply chains

Purpose – The paper's purpose is to outline the potential competitive advantage firms can create through the creation of a sustainable supply chain, and to describe potential measures for managers to use.Design/methodology/approach – Arguing that firms can increase their competitive advantage as a result of a stronger triple bottom line, propositions are created from a natural‐resource‐based view of the firm perspective that is supported using accounting theory, management strategy, green logistics and supply chain literatures. Secondary data resources that could be used for testing by managers and academicians are identified.Findings – The paper finds that, as sources of competitive advantage for firm become scarcer, potential new areas of advantage must be explored.Practical implications – This research will serve to help managers in the exploration of these possible outlets.Originality/value – This paper is the first to explore the impact of a sustainable supply chain on the triple‐bottom line of a fir.
An architectural design decision-centric approach to architectural evolution

As evolving software gets more complex in each increment, architectural evolution becomes more important for rapid development of software. Architectural evolution is closely related to architectural design decisions in that new design decisions are taken or existing design decisions are reconsidered to evolve the architecture. Nevertheless, the concept of architectural design decisions lacks in the evolution of software architectures. Consequently, the results of the design decisions underlying the architecture are implicitly embedded within the architecture. This leads to some problems such as software inconsistency and regression test. To address these problems, this paper proposes a meta-model of architectural design decisions for making them more explicit. Based on the proposed model, this paper provides an architectural design decision-centric approach to architectural evolution.
FOOD PRESERVATIVES AND SPORT . SODIUM NITRITE ( E 250 ) ’ S INFLUENCE ON HEMATOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND PLATELETS IN RATS ( Original scientific paper )

The vasodilatory activity of nitrites makes them attractive for athletes in attempt to improve their performance. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of acute NaNO2 treatment on white blood cell and platelet hematometrical parameters in experimental rat model. Male Wistar rats were injected i.p. with 50 mg/kg b.w. NaNO2. At different time periods following administration (1 h, 5 h, 24 h, 48 h; days 5, 10 and 20), the animals were sacrificed and the hematological parameters were obtained. Hematometrical data showed that acute in vivo NaNO2 treatment affects rat white blood cells and platelets. A statistically significant decrease of WBC and Gran one hour after the treatment and in PDW five hours after injection was obtained. A significant increase of PCT and PLT one and five hours after injection was observed. These results contribute for the elucidation of NaNO2 influence on morphological and functional properties of blood cells. Acute treatment with NaNO2 showed diverse effects on white blood cells and platelet count. The results suggest that exposure to NaNO2 would have a negative impact on immunity and blood cell aggregation.
Facial Expression Recognition Improvement through an Appearance Features Combination

This paper suggests an approach to automatic facial expression recognition for images of frontal faces. Two methods of appearance features extraction is combined: Local Binary Pattern (LBP) on the whole face region and Eigenfaces on the eyes-eyebrows and/or on the mouth regions. Support Vector Machines (SVM), K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) are applied separately as learning technique to generate classifiers for facial expression recognition. Furthermore, we conduct to the many empirical studies to fix the optimal parameters of the approach. We use three baseline databases to validate our approach in which we record interesting results compared to the related works regardless of using faces under controlled and uncontrolled environment.
Customer service and organizational learning in the context of strategic marketing

The strategic marketing concept requires that marketers adopt an internal and an external focus, and it provides a conceptual basis for devising a customer service policy. Providing customer satisfaction is central to achieving a competitive advantage and should be viewed as an integral part of relationship building that is underpinned by organizational learning. A defined organizational culture can provide the necessary leadership that ensures that staff attain high levels of performance. When planning overseas market entry strategies, strategists need to take into account market intelligence available about the cultural traits evident in national culture. This will facilitate the development of partnership arrangements and result in mutuality.
Hydroxyl radical footprint analysis of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase-template.primer complexes.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase protects sugar moieties of a model template.primer DNA in a region from positions +3 to -15 from hydroxyl radical attack. A protected region of equivalent size migrates in concert with the translocating enzyme, as shown by hydroxyl radical footprints of replication complexes after primer extension by 4, 10, and 19 nt. The pattern of these footprints suggests that the DNA template.primer is in the A conformation when complexed with reverse transcriptase. Enhanced accessibility of the DNA template strand around position -15 to hydroxyl radicals indicates a conformational change in the template induced by the C-terminal RNase H-containing domain of p66 reverse transcriptase.
Contribution of the MHC region to the familial risk of coeliac disease

Susceptibility to coeliac disease is genetically determined by possession of specific HLA-DQ alleles, acting in concert with one or more non-HLA linked genes. The pattern of risk seen in sibs and twins in coeliac disease is most parsimonious with a multiplicative model for the interaction between the two classes of genes. Based on a sib recurrence risk for coeliac disease of 10% and a population prevalence of 0.0033, the sib relative risk is 30. To evaluate the contribution of the MHC region to the familial risk of coeliac disease, we have examined haplotype sharing probabilities across this region in 55 coeliac disease families. Based on these probabilities the sib relative risk of coeliac disease associated with the MHC region is 3.7. Combining these results with published data on allele sharing at HLA, the estimated sib relative risk associated with the MHC region is 3.3. Therefore, the MHC genes contribute no more than 40% of the sib familial risk of coeliac disease and the non-HLA linked gene (or genes) are likely to be the stronger determinant of coeliac disease susceptibility.
The Genome Segments of a Group D Rotavirus Possess Group A-Like Conserved Termini but Encode Group-Specific Proteins

ABSTRACT Rotaviruses are a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. They are grouped according to gene composition and antigenicity of VP6. Whereas group A, B, and C rotaviruses are found in humans and animals, group D rotaviruses have been exclusively detected in birds. Despite their broad distribution among chickens, no nucleotide sequence data exist so far. Here, the first complete genome sequence of a group D rotavirus (strain 05V0049) is presented, which was amplified using sequence-independent amplification strategies and degenerate primers. Open reading frames encoding homologues of rotavirus proteins VP1 to VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP1 to NSP5 were identified. Amino acid sequence identities between the group D rotavirus and the group A, B, and C rotaviruses varied between 12.3% and 51.7%, 11.0% and 23.1%, and 9.5% and 46.9%, respectively. Segment 10 of the group D rotavirus has an additional open reading frame. Generally, phylogenetic analysis indicated a common evolution of group A, C, and D rotaviruses, separate from that of group B. However, the NSP4 sequence of group C has only very low identities in comparison with cogent sequences of all other groups. The avian group A NSP1 sequences are more closely related to those of group D than those of mammalian group A rotaviruses. Most interestingly, the nucleotide sequences at the termini of the 11 genome segments are identical between group D and group A rotaviruses. Further investigations should clarify whether these conserved structures allow an exchange of genome segments between group A and group D rotaviruses.
Cardiac changes after SCUBA diving: the evasive shape of right ventricle

We have read with interest the paper by Obad et al. (2007), ‘The effects of acute oral antioxidants on diving-induced alterations in human cardiovascular function’, recently published in The Journal of Physiology. We were somewhat puzzled by the method used to calculate right ventricular volumes. As is known, radionuclide angiography is still considered the most reliable method for evaluating right ventricular volumes and function. Previous attempts of obtaining a two-dimensional echocardiographic estimate of right heart volumes were based on multiple cardiac views and complex mathematical formulas (Starling et al. 1982) and, more recently (Pasipoularides et al. 2003), a 3-D echo approach has been successfully applied. Contrary to this, Simpson's method, already validated for the calculation of left ventricular volumes, does not seem applicable to a cavity with such a complex three-dimensional geometry like the right ventricle. The scarce reliability of the method used in the paper by Obad et al. (2007) appears evident if one considers the large difference between left and right ventricular stroke volumes evinced in Table 3 (93.1 ml for left ventricle versus about 37 ml for right ventricle, simply considering mean values of right ventricular diastolic and systolic volumes). Even if the paper contains a number of interesting new data on the physiology of diving, we think that anatomical and functional characterization of right heart requires a more reliable methodological approach.
High-accuracy structure-factor measurements in germanium.

Mesure des facteurs de structure Fh de cinq reflexions dans l'intervalle 0.15≤sinθ/λ≤1.07 A −1 dans le germanium. on obtient une precision de l'ordre de ≤20 millielectron par atome pour toutes les valeurs a l'exception d'une seule. Ceci represente une amelioration d'un ordre de grandeur par rapport aux mesures anterieures des trois facteurs de structure Fh les plus eleves. Les mesures sont realisees en utilisant la raie WKα (E=59.3 keV) et un diffractometre monolithique du dispositif de Laue en cristal fin, dont les courbes de rocking (balancement) sont ajustees par ordinateur pour donner les facteurs de structure. On obtient un bon accord avec les mesures anterieures. On trouve que la contribution de la liaison a F 111 est superieure a celle predite par les calculs ab initio. La contribution anharmonique au potentiel atomique n'est pas mise en evidence, dans la limite de la precision experimentale. Le parametre de Debye B=(0.5661±0.0026) A 2 deduit des donnees experimentales est en excellent accord avec les resultats anterieurs
Measurement and evaluation of local muscular strain in the shoulder during constrained work.

The exposure to local muscular strain during work may be evaluated by vocational electromyography. The aim of the presentation is to briefly describe how electromyography may be used to analyse the muscular strain during work. Different methods for quantifying the myoelectric results are discussed. A brief description of the use of amplitude probability distribution analysis of the myoelectric signals obtained during work is given. A few examples of results obtained from the upper portion of the right and left trapezius muscle in different work situations are presented.
Structural characterization of a (+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct using NMR, restrained energy minimization, and molecular dynamics.

The (+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene adduct formed at the N2 amino group of guanine is the major adduct found after metabolic activation of the ubiquitous carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. The carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of the (+)-trans-anti-BP adduct, as well as related adducts, have been extensively studied. A DNA duplex containing a (+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene adduct covalently attached to the G8 nucleotide in the sequence d(CCTATGT[BP-G]CAC). d(GTGCACATAGG) was synthesized and the structure characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, in conjunction with energy minimization and molecular dynamics. This BP-11-mer duplex exhibits NOESY cross-peaks between benzo[a]pyrene protons and BP-G8, C9, A16, and C17 nucleotide protons that clearly delineate the location of the BP moiety in the minor groove of a B-type duplex with the pyrene ring oriented toward the 5' end of the modified strand. Large upfield shifts of A16 and C17 sugar resonances in the partner strand show that the pyrene moiety is situated near these sugars. Analysis of the spectra was complicated by the presence of chemical exchange line broadening of protons located near the (.T[BP-G]C.). (.GCA.) adduct site which shows the presence of a minor conformation for this BP-modified duplex in which TA is the 5' neighboring base pair. Distance restraints determined from NOESY spectra recorded at 20 degrees C were used in restrained and unrestrained energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations to obtain a structure characteristic of the predominant conformation of the BP-11-mer duplex. The important structural features of the BP-11-mer are similar to those reported by Cosman et al. [(1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 1914-1918] for a (+)-trans-anti-BP adduct at a (.C[BP-G]C.). (.GCG.) sequence in which CG is the 5' neighboring base pair. No evidence of a conformational equilibrium was reported in this duplex, from which we conclude that the presence of a 5' TA base pair plays a role in the conformational equilibrium. Watson-Crick base pairing is retained in the predominant conformer of the (+)-trans-anti-BP modified duplex, which provides a visualization of a structure that could allow faithful replication. The exchange rate could not be slowed sufficiently to allow individual distance parameters to be obtained for the minor conformer. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Core fucose is critical for CD14-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling

Core fucosylation, a posttranslational modification of N-glycans, modifies several growth factor receptors and impacts on their ligand binding affinity. Core-fucose-deficient mice generated by ablating the α1,6 fucosyltransferase enzyme, Fut8, exhibit severe pulmonary emphysema, partly due to impaired macrophage function, similar to aged Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4)-deficient mice. We therefore suspect that a lack of core fucose affects the TLR4-dependent signaling pathway. Indeed, upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, Fut8-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) produced similar levels of interleukin-6 but markedly reduced levels of interferon-β (IFN-β) compared with wild-type MEFs. Lectin blot analysis of the TLR4 signaling complex revealed that core fucosylation was specifically found on CD14. Even though similar levels of TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) activation and dimerization were observed in Fut8-deficient cells after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, internalization of TLR4 and CD14 was significantly impaired. Given that internalized TLR4/MD2 induces IFN-β production, impaired IFN-β production in Fut8-deficient cells is ascribed to impaired TLR4/MD2 internalization. These data show for the first time that glycosylation critically regulates TLR4 signaling.
Rating Scales and Information Recovery—How Many Scales and Response Categories to Use?

Managers and researchers concerned with marketing and attitudinal research frequently encounter the problem of determining the number of rating scales to use and the number of response categories to provide for each scale that is used. This article approaches the problem through a numerical simulation designed to measure the sensitivity of “solution recovery” to changes in these variables.
Effect of Astaxanthin on Cycling Time Trial Performance

Abstract We examined the effect of Astaxanthin (AST) on substrate metabolism and cycling time trial (TT) performance by randomly assigning 21 competitive cyclists to 28d of encapsulated AST (4 mg/d) or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Testing included a VO2max test and on a separate day a 2 h constant intensity pre-exhaustion ride, after a 10 h fast, at 5% below VO2max stimulated onset of 4 mmol/L lactic acid followed 5 min later by a 20 km TT. Analysis included ANOVA and post-hoc testing. Data are Mean (SD) and (95% CI) when expressed as change (pre vs. post). Fourteen participants successfully completed the trial. Overall, we observed significant improvements in 20 km TT performance in the AST group (n=7; −121 s; 95%CI, −185, −53), but not the PLA (n=7; −19 s; 95%CI, −84, 45). The AST group was significantly different vs. PLA (P<0.05). The AST group significantly increased power output (20 W; 95%CI, 1, 38), while the PLA group did not (1.6 W; 95%CI, −17, 20). The mechanism of action for these improvements remains unclear, as we observed no treatment effects for carbohydrate and fat oxidation, or blood indices indicative of fuel mobilization. While AST significantly improved TT performance the mechanism of action explaining this effect remains obscure.
Trapped by their own success/failure? The influence of learning traps on dynamic capabilities in UK hi-tech SMES

Learning traps literature discusses how firms could be trapped by their own success or failure. Dynamic capabilities reflect a firm? s ability to gain competitive advantage in a new and innovative way. Literature lacks empirical work that that explain how learning traps could affect developing and applying dynamic capabilities of firms and how this relation can be moderated by R&D intensity and marketing intensity of firms. This paper seeks to investigate into this research gap, using original measures for learning traps and measures developed by adapting existing measures for dynamic capabilities, based on a cross-sectional study of a sample of 113 high-tech SMEs in the UK. The results reveal that learning traps and dynamic capabilities are negatively related and the interaction between learning traps and R&D intensity or the interaction between learning traps and marketing intensity has no significant effect on firm? s dynamic capabilities.
Sport sponsorship, team support and purchase intentions

This research assessed the influence of team support and perception of sponsors on the purchase intentions of sport consumers. In a case study of a not‐for‐profit, membership‐based Australian professional football club, 1647 respondents reported their perceptions of team support, sponsor integrity and purchase intentions for the sponsor's products. Results revealed that the key pathway to purchase intention is associated with fan passion and a perception of sponsor integrity. This implies that the best mechanism for sponsor return on investment comes in the form of activities to bolster both passion for the team and perceptions of sponsor integrity.
The Isolation of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella from Intestine and Liver of Poultry in Shiraz Province of Iran

The aims of this study were to isolation of Salmonella from poultry farms of Shiraz province of Iran and determination of their susceptibility against common antibiotics. One hundred and ninety two samples were harvested from intestine and liver of chickens and were aseptically cultured in enrichment and selective media. Out of 192 samples, 30 Salmonella were isolated. Four different serogroups were found among 30 Salmonella isolates. Strains of serogroup D1, which accounted for 70% of total isolates, were the most common isolates. PCR products of all isolated Salmonella showed a predicted 284 bp amplified DNA fragment of invA gene. All of 30 Salmonella strains were susceptible to the antimicrobial effect of Cephalothin, Tylosin, Colistin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Cephalotin and Cefotaxime. But 20.7% of Salmonella strains were resistant to Trimethoprim, Nalidixic acid, Flumequine, Tetracycline and Neomycin, 24.2% to Streptomycin, 34.5% to Kanamycin and 13.8% to Amikacin.
International passanger survey at the Airport Debrecen – Main characteristics of departure visitors from AD

The main reason of the research is to make a survey of the habits of foreign visitors arriving in Debrecen by air and their satisfaction. What was experienced in 2013 regarding low foreign proportion is also noticable in 2014. In the examined two months, of the whole passenger traffic between London and Debrecen only 10-15% is tourism by foreign visitors. There was not any information before about consumption of tourists arriving in Debrecen by air. In the course of my research I was examining the main elements of consumptions. From the gathered infromation from the questionaires it can be ascertained that on many occasions service providers failed to accomplish satisfying levels, quality. Underachievement occured and the experience of the visitors was worse than their expectations. This gives reasons for the indicators detailed analysis. The results of the satisfaction test might be an essential basis to further develop the city’s tourist products and services in the future. Personal experience of either visitors satisfaction or dissatisfaction, gets stored as a memory which influences future decisions on travelling. Because of this the city has to make an effort to provide higher standards of quality to people travelling into Debrecen by air from the first moment of arrival till the last moment of departure and leave satisffied.
A STUDY ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS

In this paper, we have reported the issues of governance; accountability and transparency in the affairs of the company, as well as about the rights of shareholders and role of Board of Directors have never been so prominent as it is today. The corporate governance has come to assume a centre stage in the Board room discussions. India has become one of the fastest emerging nations to have aligned itself with the international trends in Corporate Governance. As a result, Indian companies have increasingly been able to access to newer and larger markets around the world; as well as able to acquire more businesses. The responses of the Government and regulators have also been admirably quick to meet the challenges of corporate delinquency. But, as the global environment changing continuously, there is a greater need of adopting and sustaining good corporate governance practices for value creation and building corporations of the future.