Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VIP‐ergic and Cholinergic Innervations in Internal Carotid Arteries of the Cat and Rat

Using immunohistochemical methods, choline acetyltransferase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive (ChAT-I and VIP-I) fine fibers with varicosity-like structures were observed in the rat and cat cerebral arteries. Acetylcholine (ACh) induced dual responses in endothelium-intact internal carotid arteries of the cat; it induced vasodilation at low concentrations and constrictions at high concentrations (<106 M). ACh induced contraction exclusively in endothelium-rubbed preparations. Atropine (10 7 M) blocked ACh-induced constriction and dilation. ACh-induced vasodilation was potentiated by M & B 22,948 (2 x 10−5 M). a selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Vasoconstriction induced by ACh was inhibited by neomycin (3 x 10−3 M), an inositol phosphate synthesis inhibitor, which did not affect the neuropeptide Y-induced contraction. VIP-induced dilation of the cat internal carotid arteries was not affected by removing the endothelial layer, but was blocked by VIP receptor antagonist ([Ac-Tyr1, D-Phe2J-GRF 1–29 amide) and potentiated by cilostazol (2 x 10−5 M), a selective cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. These results are consistent with previous findings that cerebral blood vessels receive cholinergic and VIP-ergic innervations, and that ACh-induced endotheli-um-dependent vasodilation is mediated by cyclic GMP synthesis, and that VIP-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation is mediated by cyclic AMP synthesis. The present study, however, demonstrates for the first time the presence of varicosity-like structure associated with ChAT-I fibers, suggesting the presence of cholinergic nerve terminals and that ACh-induced cerebral vasoconstriction is mediated by phosphatidyl-inositide turnover
Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke.

BACKGROUND Aphasia is an acquired language impairment following brain damage that affects some or all language modalities: expression and understanding of speech, reading and writing. Approximately one-third of people who have a stroke experience aphasia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of speech and language therapy (SLT) for aphasia following stroke. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched June 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2011) and CINAHL (1982 to July 2011). In an effort to identify further published, unpublished and ongoing trials we handsearched the International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders (1969 to 2005) and reference lists of relevant articles and contacted academic institutions and other researchers. There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SLT (a formal intervention that aims to improve language and communication abilities, activity and participation) with (1) no SLT; (2) social support or stimulation (an intervention that provides social support and communication stimulation but does not include targeted therapeutic interventions); and (3) another SLT intervention (which differed in duration, intensity, frequency, intervention methodology or theoretical approach). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of included trials. We sought missing data from investigators. MAIN RESULTS We included 39 RCTs (51 randomised comparisons) involving 2518 participants in this review. Nineteen randomised comparisons (1414 participants) compared SLT with no SLT where SLT resulted in significant benefits to patients' functional communication (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.30, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.52, P = 0.008), receptive and expressive language. Seven randomised comparisons (432 participants) compared SLT with social support and stimulation but found no evidence of a difference in functional communication. Twenty-five randomised comparisons (910 participants) compared two approaches to SLT. There was no indication of a difference in functional communication. Generally, the trials randomised small numbers of participants across a range of characteristics (age, time since stroke and severity profiles), interventions and outcomes. Suitable statistical data were unavailable for several measures. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our review provides some evidence of the effectiveness of SLT for people with aphasia following stroke in terms of improved functional communication, receptive and expressive language. However, some trials were poorly reported. The potential benefits of intensive SLT over conventional SLT were confounded by a significantly higher dropout from intensive SLT. More participants also withdrew from social support than SLT interventions. There was insufficient evidence to draw any conclusion regarding the effectiveness of any one specific SLT approach over another.
Montgomery® Thyroplasty Implant for Vocal Fold Immobility: Phonatory Outcomes

Forty-three patients with a diagnosis of unilateral vocal fold immobility underwent thyroplasty type I with the Montgomery® Thyroplasty Implant System. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were completed by means of videostroboscopic, acoustic, and aerodynamic measures. Clinicians' perceptions of vocal quality and patients' satisfaction with the surgery and vocal quality were determined. Improvements after surgery were observed for glottal closure, vocal fold amplitude, mucosal wave activity, average intensity, maximum intensity range, maximum phonation time, glottal airflow, average sound pressure, and subglottal pressure. Average postsurgical fundamental frequency values fell within normal limits and did not display significant changes relative to presurgical values. The clinicians' perceptual evaluations indicated an improvement in voice quality for most patients. A majority of patients expressed satisfaction with the surgery and resulting voice quality. The results of the present study, in combination with the surgical advantages that have been described for the Montgomery® Thyroplasty Implant System, support the view that this approach offers an attractive alternative for treating unilateral vocal fold immobility.
Comparison of the Psychosocial Typology of Children With Below Average IQ to that of Children With Learning Disabilities

This study investigates the subtypal patterns of psychosocial functioning of children with below average IQ (BAIQ) using the application of both Q-factor analysis and profile-matching. The results suggest that the psychosocial dimensions of children with BAIQ are quite similar to those of children with LD in a general sense. Many of the same subtypes were derived, and the proportions of children displaying normal, mild, and severe levels of psychopathology were not significantly different from those of children with LD. There were some minor differences, however: For example, children with BAIQ exhibited a greater tendency to display psychopathology with internalizing features. Consistent with previous research involving children with LD, there were no changes in either type or severity of psychopathology with advancing years.
Neural inhibitory units of the eye and skin. Quantitative description of contrast phenomena.

Experiments on the skin show that it is convenient to use a “neural unit” for the description of some phenomena of sensation magnitude that have been observed. The neural unit consists of an area of sensation surrounded by a refractory area of inhibition. The paper tries to show how the numerical values for the unit can be determined for the eye and the skin and how they can be used in the description of Mach bands. In addition, step functions are described from which it is possible to deduce two simple formulas for the calculation of Mach bands. This procedure is very similar to the method used in telecommunication theory for the calculation of transients.
An overview of Fuel Cells application in transportation

This paper presents use of Fuel Cell- a green energy source in transportation application particularly Rail application. The application requirement of rail transportation vis a vis fuel cell characteristic has been discussed. Need of electrical energy storage system to meet transient power & tractive effort and energy recovery during braking is also discussed. The various types of fuel cells, energy storage system, power electronic drive systems and AC motors have been reviewed and compared on merits with respect to rail transportation system.
Modeling of GeOI and validation with Ge-CMOS inverter circuit using BSIM-IMG industry standard model

Recently, experimental Germanium CMOS devices and circuit are reported for advanced technology nodes for the first time. In this paper, we have modeled Germanium On Insulator (GeOI) device with industry standard compact model for independent double gate MOSFET (BSIM-IMG) with updated mobility model. It is shown that BSIM-IMG with updated mobility model accurately captures static characteristics for both n-channel and p-channel devices, and reproduces experimental CMOS inverter characteristics. This is the first time, when a compact model is validated on experimental CMOS circuit operation of GeOI.
The London training ward: an innovative interprofessional learning initiative

This paper reports the findings from an evaluation of a pilot interprofessional training ward project for pre-qualification medical, nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy students. This initiative required sustained collaboration from staff based in two National Health Service (NHS) trusts and four schools in three universities. The ward was based on a model of interprofessional education developed in Sweden, but adapted in the light of this experience and also to meet the needs and aspirations of the training ward stakeholders in London. The training ward was evaluated using a multi-method design. Data were collected from all participants involved in this pilot: students, facilitators and patients. The findings from the evaluation are presented and discussed. This paper pays particular attention to the collaborative experiences of the students, staff and institutions involved in this initiative. In addition, 1-year follow-up data collected from the students who had, by then, qualified as clinical practitioners are reported. The paper presents conclusions from the evaluation, and comments on the training ward's strengths, limitations and future development.
Restoration Success: How Is It Being Measured?

The criteria of restoration success should be clearly established to evaluate restoration projects. Recently, the Society of Ecological Restoration International (SER) has produced a Primer that includes ecosystem attributes that should be considered when evaluating restoration success. To determine how restoration success has been evaluated in restoration projects, we reviewed articles published in Restoration Ecology (Vols. 1[1]–11[4]). Specifically, we addressed the following questions: (1) what measures of ecosystem attributes are assessed and (2) how are these measures used to determine restoration success. No study has measured all the SER Primer attributes, but most studies did include at least one measure in each of three general categories of the ecosystem attributes: diversity, vegetation structure, and ecological processes. Most of the reviewed studies are using multiple measures to evaluate restoration success, but we would encourage future projects to include: (1) at least two variables within each of the three ecosystem attributes that clearly related to ecosystem functioning and (2) at least two reference sites to capture the variation that exist in ecosystems.
Compound statistical model for 60 GHz channel

We present a multipath channel impulse response model for 60 GHz indoor wireless systems. During the propagation, the electromagnetic wave is reflected on various objects present in the environment. On each object, the impacts of the reflections contributing to the received signal form clusters whose size depends on the nature of the object and on its orientation. By considering the physical mechanism responsible for indoor propagation and also the methodology of measurement, we show that our statistical channel impulse response model fits our measurements well, that the Rayleigh model is a special case, and that our model can be extended to any kind of room.
Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Carbapenemase and ESBLs Producing Gram-negative Bacteria (GNB) Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in Tehran Hospitals.

BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in white populations caused by mutation in a gene that encodes Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein. Since frequent respiratory tract infections are the major problem in patients with CF, obligation to identify the causative bacteria and determining their antibiotic resistance pattern is crucial. The purpose of this project was to detect Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from sputa of CF patients and to determine their antibiotic resistance pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sputum of 52 CF patients, treated as inpatients at hospitals in Tehran, was obtained between November 2011 and June 2012. Samples cultured in selective and non-selective media and GNB recognized by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and carbapenems was performed by disk diffusion method and MICs of them were measured. For phenotypic detection of carbapenemase and ESBLs production, the Modified Hodge test, double disk synergy test and the combined disk methods were performed. Subsequently, the genes encoding the extended spectrum beta-lactamases (blaPER, blaCTX-M) and carbapenemases (blaIMP-1, blaGES, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-2, blaSPM, blaSIM) in Gram negative bacteria were targeted among the resistant isolates by using PCR. PFGE was used to determine any genetic relationship among the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from these patients. RESULTS Fifty five GNB were isolated from 52 sputum samples including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella ozaenae, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Achromobacter denitrificans, Klebsiella pneumonia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The rates of resistance to different antibiotic were as follows: cefixime (%80), ceftriaxone (%43), ceftazidime (%45) and meropenem (%7). The prevalence of genes encoding the ESBLs and Carbapenemases among the the phenotypically positive strains were as follows: blaCTX-M (19), blaIMP-1 (2), blaVIM-1 (2) and blaVIM-2 (3) genes respectively. No other genes were detected. PFGE analysis revealed 8 genotypes. Six isolates had mutually 3 similar patterns. CONCLUSION This study showed the existence of important ESBLs and carbapenemases genes among the GNB isolated from patients with CF. Continuous surveillance of ESBLs and Carbapenemases, also identification of their types, in bacteria isolated from these patients have an important clinical impact, since, it can often provide valuable information for effective infection control measures and for the choice of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Slip at Fluid-Solid Interface

The “no-slip” is a fundamental assumption and generally-accepted boundary condition in rheology, tribology, and fluid mechanics with strong experimental support. The violations of this condition, however, are widely recognized in many situations, especially in the flow of non-Newtonian fluids. Wall slip could lead to large errors and flow instabilities, such as sharkskin formation and spurt flow, and hence complicates the analysis of fluid systems and introduces serious practical difficulties. In this article, we discuss slip at fluid-solid interface in an attempt to highlight the main issues related to this diverse complex phenomenon and its implications.
Nutrition and somatomedin. XXII: Molecular regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I during fasting and refeeding in rats.

The liver is thought to be the locus of nutritional/hormonal regulation of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). To probe the basis of nutritional regulation, we examined changes in serum IGF-I, hepatic content of extractable IGF-I immunoreactivity (a high Mr putative precursor) and hepatic IGF-I mRNA during fasting and refeeding in rats. Preliminary studies revealed that the hepatic level of IGF-I mRNA was consistently reduced only after food was withheld for 3 days, so the effects of refeeding were subsequently examined in such animals. After 3 days of fasting, animals lost 30% of their initial weight; weight regain was apparent within 3 h of refeeding ad libitum and, after 48 h, weight was comparable to initial fed levels. Fasting reduced levels of serum and extractable hepatic IGF-I to 19 and 26% of control (fed) values respectively (both P less than 0.005 vs control). There was no change in levels of serum IGF-I over the first 3 h of refeeding, but IGF-I rose above fasted levels at both 9 and 48 h (both P less than 0.005). Extractable hepatic IGF-I rose more slowly and was still below fasted levels after 9 h of refeeding, and modestly, but not significantly, greater than fasted levels after 48 h. The ratio of serum to hepatic IGF-I was decreased compared with control after 3 days of fasting, but increased after 3 and 9 h of refeeding (P less than 0.02 at 9 h). Northern blot analysis of total hepatic RNA revealed four species of IGF-I mRNA 0.8-1.1, 2.0, 4.0 and 7.5 kb in size. Each mRNA species fell to 15-28% of control levels after 3 days of fasting (all P less than 0.001). There was a prompt increase in each transcript after 3 h of refeeding, and all values were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than fasted levels at 9 h but, at 48 h, most species were still below control levels. Levels of mRNA for the cytoskeletal proteins beta-actin and cyclophilin also fell with fasting, but were restored more rapidly than IGF-I mRNA, to or above control levels after 3 h of refeeding. The observation that IGF-I expression was decreased at 3 h when beta-actin and cyclophilin were normalized suggests specificity of regulation. Despite the temporal incongruity between IGF-I mRNA and serum and hepatic IGF-I, there were highly significant correlations (all P less than 0.002) between each pair of parameters. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Wireless channel modeling and performance analysis based on Markov chain

High altitude platform station (HAPS) is a new means of wireless communication, which operate in stratosphere whose altitude is about 20km. The wirless communication network of HAPS are researched Markov chain model is proposed in the HAPS wireless channel model. The performance of the wireless communication channel and channel model are analyzed. The simulation results shows that the performance of coded HAPS wireless channel is better than the uncoded channel. The signal level is different when the radio spacing distance is different.
On the detection of a moving obstacle in an ideal fluid by a boundary measurement

In this paper, we investigate the problem of the detection of a moving obstacle in a perfect fluid occupying a bounded domain in from the measurement of the velocity of the fluid on one part of the boundary. We show that when the obstacle is a ball, we may identify the position and the velocity of its centre of mass from a single boundary measurement. Linear stability estimates are also established by using shape differentiation techniques.
Reflecting and regrouping after failed trials, sepsis researchers forge on.

BEDEVILED in recent years by well-publicized disappointments in clinical trials of anti-sepsis agents, researchers are regrouping and rethinking their approach to the complex problem of sepsis. "We've had tremendous disappointments in the past," noted Roger Bone, MD, president and chief executive officer of the Medical College of Ohio in Toledo. "There have been a number of drugs that worked like gangbusters in animal trials, but they haven't done anything worthwhile in humans. " But despite these setbacks, a number of sepsis researchers gathered at a recent meeting in Washington, DC, expressed optimism that continued attempts to understand the pathophysiology of sepsis and learn from past mistakes will ultimately pay off in new ways to treat the condition. Such discoveries would be heartily welcomed by critical care physicians. Sepsis kills about 100 000 of the 400 000 or so patients in the United States who develop the syndrome each year. And in
Effects of Interferon Alpha on the Expression of p21cip1/waf1 and Cell Cycle Distribution in Carcinoid Tumors

Interferon alpha (IFN-α) has been shown to produce antitumor effects in 50–80% of carcinoid tumor patients and has demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in carcinoid tumor cells, but the mechanism is not well established. This study presents evidence that in a carcinoid tumor cell line, Bon1, IFN-α increases the expression of p21 and promotes nuclear translocation of endogenous p21. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that p21 formed immuno-complexes with Stat1 and Stat2 in the nucleus of cells. Interferon alpha can decrease G1- and G2-phase cells, but increase S-phase population. The p21 mRNA expression is inversely correlated to the G1 population (r=−0.933, P < 0.05) and positively correlated to the S-phase population (r=0.901, P < 0.05). In addition, IFN-α inhibited cyclin dependent kinases (CDK), CDK2-, CDK3-, CDK4-, and cyclin E- but not cyclin A-associated kinase activities. Immunodepletion of p21 resulted in a significant enhancement of CDK3 kinase activity (∼1.6-fold increase). These results suggest that the mechanism of antitumor and cell cycle regulation of IFN-α in carcinoid tumors may, at least in part, be p21-dependent. Based on these results, we conclude that IFN-α exerts antitumor effects by increased p21 expression in neuroendocrine tumors.
English Teachers' Perceptions about Creativity and Teaching Creative Writing in Pakistan

The paper explores the close affinity between creativity and creative writing in Pakistan. The data collected from the questionnaire and focus group interview with a large public sector university’s Master of Arts in English students– who are also in-service school teachers – discovers that English teachers in Pakistan do not teach to develop the creative abilities of pupils. The findings explicitly reveal that these teachers choose topics from the textbooks and explain them for writing in the classroom. The evidence shows that English teachers are confused about strategies needed in rousing learners’ interest in creative writing. Thus, in Pakistan, English teachers must be encouraged and trained to engage in activities that are essential for enhancing creativity and creative writing.
Diffuse B Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Presenting Atypically as Periprosthetic Joint Infection in a Total Hip Replacement

The occurrence of extranodal primary B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. Total hip replacement is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures performed. There has been an increased incidence of primary lymphomas involving periprosthetic sites. Chronic inflammation due to metal debris arising from the prosthetic implants has been evidenced as one of the causes for the development of soft tissue lymphomas albeit rarely. We describe a case report of a 77-year-old patient who had underwent a cemented total hip replacement in the past who further developed large B cell primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. She presented initially with signs and symptoms highly suggestive of underlying periprosthetic infection. The radiological imaging was also indicative of periprosthetic infection. The diagnosis was eventually confirmed after an open biopsy. This case underlines the importance of considering and including soft tissue malignancy in the differential diagnosis of suspected chronic periprosthetic infection.