Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curves in ZZn

A new definition of closed curves in n-dimensional discrete space is proposed. This definition can be viewed as a generalization of closed quasi curves and is intended to overcome the limitations of known definitions for practical purposes. Following the proposed definition, a set of points forms a closed curve in discrete space if the set admits a parameterization, i.e. there exists a Hamiltonian cycle in the set. Adjacencies that do not indicate the parameterization are allowed only between points that are close to each other along the parameterization. Additionally, it is proven that discrete curves satisfying the new definition in two-dimensional discrete space have the Jordan property.
Onco-surgical Strategies in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an important healthcare problem because is a leading cause of death by cancer. PDAC is a highly lethal disease with a very dismal prognosis. Most patients present advanced disease at diagnosis. The management of a patient diagnosed with PDAC should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team in high-volume centers. Pancreatectomy represents the single hope of long-term survival for a patient with PDAC but the resectability rate is less than 20% of the cases. Several progresses were observed in the last years regarding the surgical and oncological approach for PDAC. The aim of the paper is to make a brief review of the current onco-surgical strategies available for
1 CL IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM 2 3 BY 4 5

The Martian meteorites record a wide diversity of environments, processes, and ages. Much work has been done to decipher potential mantle sources for Martian magmas and their interactions with crustal and surface environments. Chlorine isotopes provide a unique opportunity to assess interactions between Martian mantle derived magmas and the crust. We have measured the Cl isotopic composition of 17 samples that span the range of known ages, Martian environments, and mantle reservoirs. The δCl of the Martian mantle, as represented by the olivine-phyric shergottites, NWA 2737 (chassignite), and Shergotty (basaltic shergottite), has a low value of approximately -3.8‰. This value is lower than that of all other planetary bodies measured thus far. The Martian crust, as represented by regolith breccia NWA 7034, is variably enriched in the heavy isotope of Cl. This enrichment is reflective of preferential loss of Cl to space. Most basaltic shergottites (less Shergotty), nakhlites, Chassigny, and Allan Hills 84001 lie on a continuum between the Martian mantle and crust. This intermediate range is explained by mechanical mixing through impact, fluid interaction, and assimilation-fractional crystallization.
A case study of blended teaching and learning in a New Zealand secondary school, using an ecological framework

This paper reports on the findings of a case study that investigated how blended teaching and learning was implemented in a New Zealand secondary school. An ecological perspective was taken, in an attempt to clarify the complexity of blended teaching and learning implementation, by researching the roles of students, teachers, school leaders and other educational stakeholders, within and beyond the school itself. An ecological framework was developed that gives rise to several recommendations for individuals and groups within the three levels of the school's multi-level ecology; the classroom, the school and the wider ecosystem in which the school is embedded.
Suspect identification by matching composite sketch with mug-shot

The problem of automatically matching composite sketches to mug-shot is addressed in this paper. To determine the identity of a criminal, composite sketch to photograph is commonly used technique due to budgetary reason. The accuracy in detection is more using forensic sketches than composite sketches using facial composite software. Composite sketches have the same modality as that of the mug-shot has that changed the forensic world. In this paper emphasis is made on matching composite sketches to mug-shots that gives better performance over the more common representation method exists already. The component based framework presented in this paper consists of the following major steps. 1) Face normalization using a geometric transformation and color space conversion. 2) Facial component localization using Viola-John algorithm, followed by ASM. 3) Per component feature extraction using nearest neighbor symmetry and matrix normalize cross-correlation followed by computing length between facial constituent. The proposed system has been evaluated on mugshot photographs-composite sketches pairs with hundreds of individuals. The results are encouraging.
Reputación social, ajuste psicosocial y victimización entre adolescentes en el contexto escolar

Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre la reputacion social del adolescente —percibida e ideal—, la victimizacion entre iguales en el contexto escolar y determinadas variables de ajuste psicosocial, como la satisfaccion con la vida, la autoestima, la sintomatologia depresiva y la soledad. La muestra estuvo formada por 1319 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 anos. Se utilizo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar el efecto directo e indirecto de la reputacion social en la victimizacion entre pares. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la reputacion social del adolescente se relaciona tanto directa como indirectamente con la victimizacion escolar. Los efectos indirectos sugirieron que la autoestima, la sintomatologia depresiva y la soledad median la relacion entre la reputacion social del adolescente y la victimizacion escolar. Finalmente, se discutieron estos resultados y sus implicaciones. Palabras Clave: reputacion social; victimizacion escolar; ajuste psicosocial; adolescente; modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Title: Social reputation, psychosocial adjustment and adolescent peer victimization at the school context.
The gifts of Prometheus. Profiling architectural education in a fast-changing world

La reconsideracion de la educacion arquitectonica a la luz de una nueva realidad que surge de los rapidos cambios que se producen en nuestros entornos sociales, culturales y fisicos es ahora imperativa. Para conocer las incompatibilidades de las estructuras educativas existentes con la dinamica actual del cambio, se examinan tres aspectos principales de nuestra educacion arquitectonica contemporanea: el sistema de estudios, los contenidos de los estudios y la pedagogia del diseno arquitectonico implementado por las Escuelas de Arquitectura.En cuanto al sistema de estudios, entre otras cuestiones, especulamos sobre la agilidad limitada del sistema para albergar innovaciones, sus concepciones dominantes sobre el perfil del profesor, su forma poco clara de definir el perfil del graduado y la oscura relacion entre la academia arquitectonica y la practica profesional. En cuanto al contenido de los estudios, entre otras cuestiones, especulamos sobre el empobrecimiento de las humanidades en los estudios arquitectonicos que provoco un tecnicismo pasivo que, fascinado por las herramientas digitales, esteriliza la arquitectura de sus valores y significados culturales y humanos.Otras observaciones se refieren a la pedagogia actual y sus reservas sobre el temor a la confusion y la asuncion de riesgos, a la rigidez metodologica de la educacion basada en lo que esta mal y no en lo especulativo, en la actitud hacia ) Simplifican la complejidad, la inclinacion pasiva y la docilidad hacia las certezas, la resistencia al cambio, la revision o la renovacion de las practicas docentes.El trabajo concluye presentando las lineas basicas de las prioridades que la educacion arquitectonica tiene que considerar para poder seguir criticamente el nuevo paradigma surgido y impuesto por los nuevos entendimientos filosoficos de nuestro mundo y la consideracion de la nueva normalidad que se atribuye a Como una nueva declaracion etica que afecta profundamente la contemplacion arquitectonica y la practica.
A HISTORY OF MARINE FISHERIES SCIENCE IN ATLANTIC CANADA AND ITS ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES

The roots of fisheries science on the Atlantic coast of Canada go back to 1898. The primary research agencies were the Fisheries Research Board of Canada and predecessors until the early 1970s and subsequently the federal department responsible for fisheries. Canadian research on Atlantic fisheries expanded substantially after the Second World War, at about the time the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries was formed, and increased again after the 1977 extension of fisheries jurisdiction, but gradually declined from the 1980s. Initially research was directed at improving and expanding the fisheries through exploring for new resources and by introducing and testing new fishing methods and new processing technologies, but increasingly was directed towards rational exploitation of the fisheries as international fishing effort greatly expanded in the 1960s. By the 1980s, the provision of short-term advice on catch limits occupied a large proportion of science resources. This paper describes these changes with primary reference to groundfish fisheries, which were the most important for much of the period. Les racines des sciences halieutiques sur la cote atlantique du Canada remontent a 1898. Jusqu’au debut des annees 1970, les principaux organismes de recherche etaient le Conseil de recherche sur les pecheries du Canada et ses predecesseurs. Par la suite, le ministere federal responsable des peches a assume ce role. La recherche menee au Canada sur les peches dans l’Atlantique a pris beaucoup d’ampleur apres la Seconde Guerre mondiale, a peu pres au moment ou la Commission internationale pour les pecheries de l’Atlantique Nord‑Ouest a ete creee, et egalement apres l’elargissement du champ de competence du Canada en matiere de peche en 1977, mais elle est en periode de declin graduel depuis les annees 1980. Au debut, la recherche etait axee sur l’amelioration et l’expansion des peches par le biais de l’etude de nouvelles ressources et de l’elaboration et de l’essai de nouvelles methodes de peche et technologies de transformation. Au fil du temps, le point de mire de la recherche est devenu l’exploitation rationnelle des ressources halieutiques, etant donne l’important accroissement de l’effort de peche sur la scene internationale dans les annees 1960. Dans les annees 1980, une bonne part des ressources scientifiques etaient occupees a fournir des conseils a court terme a propos des limites de prises. Le present document decrit ces changements en mettant l’accent sur les peches de poissons de fond, qui etaient les activites les plus importantes pour la majeure partie de cette periode.
Comparisons Between Rail-Trail Users and Nonusers and Men and Women's Patterns of Use in a Suburban Community

Background: Physical activity research on trails is limited. We compared rail-trail users and nonusers on demographics, physical activity, and barriers/concerns about trail use; and described use among men and women. Methods: Four hundred thirteen adults completed a physical activity survey during fall 1998. Chi-square statistics and t-tests were used to compare trail users to nonusers, and men and women on trail use. Results: More trail users (79%) performed recreational physical activity ≥ 3 d/wk, compared to nonusers (47%). Walking was the most common activity for trail users and nonusers. Both groups shared concerns about safe access to the trail and certain trail conditions. A higher percentage of female versus male users traveled to the trail by walking, walked on the trail, used the trail with a friend, and perceived that if the trail were not available their activity would decrease. Conclusions: Trail users perform more recreational physical activity than nonusers. Gender differences in trail use .
Fast approach to infrared image restoration based on shrinkage functions calibration

Abstract. High-quality image restoration in real time is a challenge for infrared imaging systems. We present a fast approach to infrared image restoration based on shrinkage functions calibration. Rather than directly modeling the prior of sharp images to obtain the shrinkage functions, we calibrate them for restoration directly by using the acquirable sharp and blurred image pairs from the same infrared imaging system. The calibration method is employed to minimize the sum of squared errors between sharp images and restored images from the blurred images. Our restoration algorithm is noniterative and its shrinkage functions are stored in the look-up tables, so an architecture solution of pipeline structure can work in real time. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by testing its quantitative performance from simulation experiments and its qualitative performance from a developed wavefront coding infrared imaging system.
EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL COCCIDIOSIS IN TWO COMMERCIAL STRAINS OF BROILER CHICKEN BY LESION SCORING AND OPG QUANTITATION

The study was initiated to compare of two internationally reputed broiler strains in experimental coccidiosis by quantitation of defecated eimerial oocysts and intestinal lesions scoring under the local environmental and management conditions. 40 one-day old male chickens of Arbor Acres strain and Ross308 strain (20 chicks from each strain) used in this study and were divided randomly into four control and challenge groups. Feed and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. At 15 d of age, chickens of challenge groups (from each strain) were individually inoculated with a mixture of 50000 of sporulated oocysts of 4 species including of E. acervulina (20%), E. maxima (40%), E. tenella (25%) and E. necatrix (15%) and from the fourth day after Eimerial challenge, faecal droppings (litter samples) were collected 10 days consecutively for counting oocyst per gram (OPG). Also at day 7 after Eimerial challenge, 5 chicks from each challenge groups were euthanized and intestinal lesions were scored. The results indicated that in both challenge groups, there was an increasing process of OPG in days of 4-7 post challenging and the pick level of OPG was seen at seventh day after inoculation. The average of OPG in the Arbor Acres group was lower than the group Ross in days post inoculation and this difference was significant (P<0.05). Mean lesion scoring of intestine of Arbor acres and Ross challenge groups was 2.0 and 2.6 respectively. Lesions scoring difference was significant (p<0.05). According to the obtained results in this study and since oocyst index and lesions scoring almost always are considered as the most important indicators for coccidiosis evaluation, it can be realized that in the same surveillance condition the, regarding the severity evaluation of coccidiosis, Arbor Acres strain broilers shed less oocysts and had lower lesion scores than Ross308 strain broilers.
Conventional versus minimally-invasive cervical discectomy for treatment of severe degenerative disease at C5-C6: a biomechanical comparison using a model of the full cervical spine and finite element analysis

The purpose of this study was to determine the dif-ferences in biomechanical responses of tissues in the cervical spine when pain and other problems secon-dary to severe disc degeneration disease are surgi-cally treated by conventional discectomy (CONDIS) compared to minimally-invasive discectomy (MIVDIS). A validated three-dimensional model of an intact, healthy, adult full cervical spine (C1-C7) (INT) was constructed. This model was then modified to create two models, one simulating each of the above-men-tioned two techniques for discectomy of the severely degenerated C5-C6 disc. For each of these three models, we used the finite element analysis method to obtain three biomechanical parameters at various tissues in the model, under seven different physio-logically relevant loadings. For each of the biome-chanical parameters, the results were expressed as relative change in its value when a specified combi-nation of simulated discectomy model and applied loading was used, with respect to the corresponding value in the intact model. We then computed the value of a composite biomechanical performance in-dex (CBPI) for CONDIS and MIVDIS models, with this value incorporating all of the aforementioned relative changes. We found that CBPI was marginally lower for MIVDIS model. This trend is the same as that reported for the relative complications rate and outcome measures following conventional and mini-mally-invasive discectomies in the lumbar spine. From a healthcare perspective, one implication of our finding is that minimally-invasive cervical discectomy should be considered an attractive option provided that detailed patient selection criteria are clearly de-fined and strictly followed.
Interaction between dopamine and histamine in the basal ganglia

L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) currently represents the major challenge to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine activates D1 and D2 receptors on striatal neurons. D1 receptors increase, whereas D2 receptors decrease cAMP/PKA signaling. This opposite regulation is reflected on the state of phosphorylation of ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors and enzymes involved in the control of neuronal activity. Striatal neurons also express high levels of histamine H3 receptors, which couple to Gi/o proteins. Activation of H3 receptors was recently reported to reduce D1 induced cAMP accumulation in rat striatal slices. Here we show that activation of D1 receptors in mouse striatal slices increases PKA mediated phosphorylation of the glutamate AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit at Ser845 (p < 0,00005) and of DARPP-32 at Thr-34 (p < 0,001). Phosphorylation of these proteins facilitates glutamate AMPA receptor transmission. Moreover, reported to reduce D1 induced cAMP accumulation in rat striatal slices. Here we show that activation of D1 receptors in mouse striatal slices increases PKA mediated phosphorylation of the glutamate AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit at Ser845 (p < 0,00005) and of DARPP-32 at Thr-34 (p < 0,001). Phosphorylation of these proteins facilitates glutamate AMPA receptor transmission. Moreover, simultaneous activation of H3 receptors resulted in a non-significant (p = 0.11) reduction of phospho[Ser-845 ]GluR1, suggesting that dopamine and histamine exert an opposite regulation on cAMP/PKA signaling in striatonigral neurons. Phospho[Ser-845]GluR1 and phospho[Thr-34]DARPP-32 were detected by western immunoblotting, using phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. The H3 receptor could represent a target for the treatment of LID, which displays abnormal activation of D1 mediated cAMP/PKA/DARPP-32 signaling.
ADSORPTION OF CHROMIUM IONS ON OIL SHALE WASTE

The adsorption of chromium (III) ions onto retorted shale, a waste product of the pyrolysis of oil shale, was investigated as a function of initial pH, temperature, and initial metal ion concentration. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch system and the uptake of the metallic ion was studied by using an initial concentration range of 200-500 mg L-1. The pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models were used to predict the rate constants of the adsorption system. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to fit the equilibrium data; however, the former resulted in best fitting. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, free energy, and entropy changes were calculated. The values of such parameters showed that Cr(III) adsorption was favored at high temperatures.
Total Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Pathology: Contraindication or Privileged Indication?

Total Pancreatectomy (TP) has been a subject of discussion, ever since surgeons realized that it was feasible. TP has been considered as a potential option in the management of chronic pancreatitis refractory to treatment, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, multifocal or recurrent exocrine and endocrine tumours [1-6]. In addition to this, surgeons have carried out TP to treat or avoid perioperative complications, arising from pancreatic anastomotic insufficiency with or without bleeding, following pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy [3,4]. These complications may occur increasingly, while dealing with a soft pancreas during primary surgery, which may prompt some surgeons to opt for TP [4,7]. However the concern has been, about the management of these patients in a pancreatic state, with its attendant total endocrine and exocrine insufficiency [1-5]. This includes the complete insulin deficiency and the necessity of insulin therapy, exocrine insufficiency with steatorrhea and the need for durable pancreatic enzyme replacement and the development of steatohepatis with progressive liver failure. In addition the lack of bicarbonate secretion may lead to peptic ulcers resulting in continuous use of proton pump inhibitors [4,8]. So is TP a relative contraindication or are there some privileged indications?
Contribution of synchrotron radiation to small-angle X-ray scattering studies in hard condensed matter

Synchrotron radiation, by virtue of its special beam characteristics (high flux, high brilliance, tuneable wavelength etc.), has revived interest in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for hard condensed matter and materials science. New techniques (ultra SAXS, grazing-incidence SAXS, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy etc.) have been developed and new scientific themes tackled, ranging from metallurgy to nanotechnology.
A Benchmarking of the Status of Science Instruction between Two Selected Secondary Schools in Philippines and Malaysia: A Case Study

This paper investigated and described the status and quality of secondary science instruction and learning between two selected schools of Philippines and Malaysia. Quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for gathering data in the year 2012 for a period of 6 months. Quantitative data was acquired from the survey of ten (10) secondary science teachers for each school and a complete list of one class in each level. Qualitative data, on the other hand, was acquired from the analysis of curriculum documents, interviews, written responses, field notes, and classroom observations. The science curriculum of selected school in Philippines, as mandated by Department of Education Philippines, comprised of one science subject in each level. Meanwhile, the science curriculum of selected of school of Malaysia comprised of three essential science subjects at lower levels and four elective science subjects in the upper secondary levels. In terms of academic qualification, teachers at the Philippines were eligible and registered with lengthy years of teaching experience and various seminars attended compared with teachers at the Malaysia.