Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROGRESS IN THE JELLYFISH BLOOM RESEARCH IN THE YELLOW SEA AND EAST CHINA SEA

Under the pressure of global changes and human activities, the structure and function of marine ecosystem changed significantly. The ecological disasters including red tide, green tide and white tide (jellyfish blooms) occurred frequently. As representatives of the gelatinous plankton, the increasing of jellyfish abundance caused much controversy and interpretation internationally: the outbreak of jellyfish is a trend or a cyclical phenomenon. The key question is the understanding of the cause of jellyfish bloom. To solve these problems, a comprehensive investigation was carried out on the basis of Major State Basic Research Development Program entitled "Key processes, mechanism and ecological conse- quences of jellyfish bloom in China coastal waters". The research progress of the project will be published in this special issue. This progress is related to the jellyfish life history strategies, the impact of environmental factors on the growth and development of the different life history stages of jellyfish, the impact of jellyfish bloom on environment, as well as the new perception on the mechanism of jellyfish bloom in China coastal waters.
Functional investigation of arabidopsis long coiled-coil proteins and subcellular localization of plant rangap1

ii DEDICATION . V ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vi VITA . ix LIST OF FIGURES. xviii LIST OF TABLES . xxiii ABBREVIATIONS. xxiv CHAPTER 1. 1 FUNCTIONAL INVESTIGATION OF MFP1, A CHLOROPLAST LONG COILED-COIL PROTEIN 1.
Critical Phenomena in Plasma Membrane Organization and Function.

Lateral organization in the plane of the plasma membrane is an important driver of biological processes. The past dozen years have seen increasing experimental support for the notion that lipid organization plays an important role in modulating this heterogeneity. Various biophysical mechanisms rooted in the concept of liquid-liquid phase separation have been proposed to explain diverse experimental observations of heterogeneity in model and cell membranes with distinct but overlapping applicability. In this review, we focus on the evidence for and the consequences of the hypothesis that the plasma membrane is poised near an equilibrium miscibility critical point. Critical phenomena explain certain features of the heterogeneity observed in cells and model systems but also go beyond heterogeneity to predict other interesting phenomena, including responses to perturbations in membrane composition. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 72 is April 20, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
A Comprehensive Study on the Variation Phenomena of AO 0235+164

The variation mechanism of blazars is a long-standing open question. Observations of polarization can provide us with more information to constrain models. In this work, we collect long-term multiwavelength data on AO 0235+164, and analyse the correlations between them by using the local cross-correlation function. We find that both γ-ray and the optical V-band light curves are correlated with the radio light curve beyond the 3σ significance level. The regions emitting the γ-ray and optical radiation coincide within errors, and are located pc upstream of the core region of 15 GHz, which is beyond the broad-line region. The color index shows the redder-when-brighter trend in the low flux state, but turns to the bluer-when-brighter trend in the high flux state, while the γ-ray spectral index always shows the softer-when-brighter trend. We propose that such complex variation trends can be explained by the increasing jet component with two constant components. The optical polarization degree (PD) flares and optical flux flares are not synchronous. It seems that one flux peak is sandwiched by two PD peaks, which have inverse rotation trajectories in the qu plane. The helical jet model can schematically show these characteristics of polarization with fine-tuned parameters. The change in viewing angle is suggested to be the primary variable that leads to all these variations, although other possibilities such as the shock-in-jet model or the hadronic model are not excluded completely.
Analysis of developing chick Gallus domesticus spinal cord proteins using two dimensional gel electrophoresis

Several recent experiments on developing chick spinal cord have established a time window when the developing spinal cord changes from a permissive to a restrictive environment for regeneration. This time window occurs during embryonic days 13-14 (E13-E14) of chick development. Recent experiments in adult rat, have found two proteins that actively inhibit axonal regeneration. This study has sought possible inhibitory proteins, in chicks, correlating to this temporal change. Proteins continuously present after this change (E14-E20) but not before (Ell) were identified. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used for separatation of the proteins. Seven protein spots of interest demonstrated this correlative late-expressing neural protein (LNP) profile. Although the functions of these proteins could not be ascertained in this study, further investigation is warranted.
Response and Remodeling: Managing Therapeutic Escape in Melanoma

Background Melanoma has long been viewed as a tumor that resists all therapeutic intervention. The discovery of activating mutations in the serine/threonine kinase BRAF in 50% of all melanomas and the remarkable clinical responses observed to small molecule BRAF kinase inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib have challenged these assumptions (1). On the back of these successes, targeted therapies are currently being developed for other genomic subtypes of melanoma, including MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanoma and c-KIT inhibitors for the minor subsets of acral lentiginous and mucosal melanomas driven by activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Despite the encouraging levels of tumor shrinkage that are observed following treatment with these signal transduction inhibitors, responses are typically short (6 – 10 months) and relapse and resistance is near universal (2). The mechanisms of resistance observed in patients failing BRAF inhibitor therapy differ from those seen to targeted therapies in other cancers (such EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer), in not being mediated through the acquisition of secondary mutations in the BRAF kinase – so-called gatekeeper mutations (3). Instead, therapeutic escape is complex and multifactorial with many resistance mechanisms now reported (2). Strategies to predict and manage the many reported mechanisms of acquired resistance are currently lacking, and represent a major barrier to delivering long-term therapeutic responses to melanoma patients.
Reply

In spite of intensive efforts, the cause and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remain elusive. In a recent publication, Lipton and colleagues suggest that MS is due to a single viral pathogen. Although we agree that there are sufficient reasons to question the validity of the hypothesis that an autoimmune process underlies MS and that infectious causative agents need to be reconsidered, the “one virus, one disease” model is likely to be constraining. The criteria required for MS diagnosis provide a large roof to host an extremely broad clinical spectrum, but they ignore the erratic mode of presentation and the unpredictable course and prognosis. These variable clinical parameters may reflect diverse etiopathogenetic entities that have a differential impact on brain tissue and hence clinical progression. The likelihood that MS is indeed a heterogeneous condition, that is, a syndrome, caused by different processes such as inflammation, infection, and degeneration is promoted by the variable clinical course and by the study that identified four different pathological entities in MS patients. There are theoretical, epidemiological, and clinical reasons that favor a possible infectious causative agent of MS. However, the possibility that the similar chronic and progressive clinical picture and the comparable radiological and histological pathology is not mediated by a single pathogen but is rather due to several different infectious agents is also recognized in other systemic and neurological disorders. Viral infection of the liver with different pathogens can lead to acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma. Infectious granulomatous lung disease may require immunohistochemistry, culture, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of certain fungal and bacterial infections, including Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and tuberculosis, that might share similar clinical and histopathological features. A similar chronic peripheral neuropathy might be due to either human immunodeficiency virus or cytomegalovirus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. The nervous system has a limited repertoire of clinical and pathological responses to tissue damage. The spectrum of inflammation, cellular reaction, and tissue repair is restricted and, in many instances, stereotyped. Viral infections of the brain share certain pathological features that enable, just morphologically, to infer the viral cause even without clinical or serological data. It appears therefore reasonable to suspect that different infective agents may converge into a similar clinicopathological presentation and course with identical radiological and pathological findings compatible with MS diagnosis.
Descriptive analysis of Ebola virus proteins: towards development of effective therapeutics and vaccines.

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a non-segmented enveloped RNA virus. It has seven structural proteins and three non-structural proteins (∆-peptide, ssGP and sGP). Structural proteins include viral proteins (VP24, VP30, VP35, and VP40), glycoprotein(GP), nucleoprotein(NP) and RNA polymerase L. The functions of structural proteins range from replication, transcription and maintenance of the structural stability of EBOV. VP24 and VP35 are well known for suppressing host interferon (IFN) response systems. There are no approved treatments for Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, several virus vectored vaccines aimed at inducing B and T cell immunity against GP and NP are currently under development or undergoing clinical trials. Unlike virus vectored vaccines, virus like particle (VLP) based vaccines have been developed to elicit immunity against GP, NP, and VP40. They can also be engineered to include VP24 and VP35. Several compounds such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), c3-NpcA, peptides, NSC629, E64, compound 3.47, compound 7, CA074, and Ca-c3 Ado that target different stages of the EBOV replication cycle have been found to be effective. Other compounds such as recombinant Review Article Munjita and Kwenda; BMRJ, 8(3): 457-479, 2015; Article no.BMRJ. 2015.138 458 nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (rNAPc2) and Recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) have been designed to reduce coagulopathies seen in late stages of EVD. Cocktails of neutralising monoclonal antibodies are also effective against EBOV alone or in combination with IFNs. Therefore, this review discusses the structure and mechanism of action of EBOV proteins, current promising therapeutics and vaccines against EBOV, and different ways of improving their efficacy.
The Canvasback, Common Goldeneye, and Bufflehead in Arctic Alaska

surface water (Bartholomew and Cade, op. cit.) it would not be surprising if its salt tolerance and its ability to discriminate between salt solutions of different concentrations actually function in promoting the biological success of the species. Whether this is actually the case will have to be shown by the results of future field studies. Thanks are extended to R. T. Sanders for suggestions during the course of the study, and to James L. Woodson for care and weighing of the birds in my absence, and to both the above, but especially to K. L. Dixon, for criticism of the manuscript.
Properties of nanocrystalline silicon probed by optomechanics

Abstract Nanocrystalline materials exhibit properties that can differ substantially from those of their single crystal counterparts. As such, they provide ways to enhance and optimize their functionality for devices and applications. Here, we report on the optical, mechanical and thermal properties of nanocrystalline silicon probed by means of optomechanical nanobeams to extract information of the dynamics of optical absorption, mechanical losses, heat generation and dissipation. The optomechanical nanobeams are fabricated using nanocrystalline films prepared by annealing amorphous silicon layers at different temperatures. The resulting crystallite sizes and the stress in the films can be controlled by the annealing temperature and time and, consequently, the properties of the films can be tuned relatively freely, as demonstrated here by means of electron microscopy and Raman scattering. We show that the nanocrystallite size and the volume fraction of the grain boundaries play a key role in the dissipation rates through nonlinear optical and thermal processes. Promising optical (13,000) and mechanical (1700) quality factors were found in the optomechanical cavity realized in the nanocrystalline Si resulting from annealing at 950°C. The enhanced absorption and recombination rates via the intragap states and the reduced thermal conductivity boost the potential to exploit these nonlinear effects in applications including Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), phonon lasing and chaos-based devices.
Antiplasmodial Activity of Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Anthocleista grandiflora in Mice

Malaria is an infectious disease affecting a large number of the world’s population. The search for new antimalarial chemotherapies has become increasingly urgent due to the parasites’ resistance to current drugs. The invivo antiplasmodial effect of Anthocleista grandiflora in mice was investigated in this study. Anthocleista grandiflora is a medicinal plant used for the management of malaria and other ailments. Four models were investigated such as the oral acute toxicity of the methanolic extract of Anthocleista grandiflora stem bark, suppressive effect against early infection, curative effect against established infection and prophylactic effect against residual infection in chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. Acute toxicity (LD50) test of the crude extract on malaria parasites P. berghei gave a value of 1000mg/kg body weight. The in vivo antimalaria activity of the Anthocleista grandiflora extract doses (300, 500 and 700mg/kg body weight) against P. berghei berghei showed significant (p<0.05), dose-dependent activity for suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests. These results showed the importance of Anthocleista grandiflora plant with a pharmacological activity for the development of new drug for treatment or prophylaxis against malarial and other ailments.
Isozyme analysis and phylogenic relationship of citrus

Isozymes of GOT and MDH in leaves of 105 citrus biotypes were analyzed using acrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least 3 loci were detected on these two enzymes. From the analysis, Natsumikan (Citrus natsudaidai), Hassaku (C. hassaku) and some other citrus cultivars are considered to be hybrids of pummelo (C.grandis) and mandarin as suggested. Moreover, Iyo (C.iyo), which has been assumed to be a hybrid of sweet orange (C.sinensis) and mandarin, was found to have a genetic effect from pummelo. Sour oranges (C.aurantium) had unique allele A at Got-1. In addition to the sour orange, the same allele was found only in lchang lemon (C.wilsoni), Bergamot (C. bergamia) and 'Hirado' pummelo. While, Tachibana (C.tachibana), Shiikuwasha (C. depressa), and Korai-tachibana (C. nippokoreana), which are reported to be native to Japan and its neighboring areas, had an unique allele A at Got-2. This allele was also found in Hyuganatsu (C.tamurana) and some biotypes originated in Japan, but not found in mandarins originated in mainland China, India, Philippines and other areas. While, Yuzu (C.junos) and its relatives had B at Got-2 and B at Mdh-1.
Phenolic metabolism in relation to cell wall biosynthesis in fescue and maize

Phenolic acid residues e.g. feruloyl groups are found esterified to specific sugars of primary cell wall polysaccharides of plants and phenylpropanoid derivatives are incorporated into lignin. These phenolic moieties probably have profound effects on cell wall properties such as extensibility (and thus growth) and digestibility. The work described in this thesis is an investigation into some aspects of the biosynthesis of cell wall
Capacity for Energy Dissipation in the Pigment Bed in Leaves With Different Xanthophyll Cycle Pools

Photosynthetic capacities, xanthophyll cycle components, and the capacity for photoprotective dissipation of excess excitation in the chlorophyll pigment bed were compared in two groups of species acclimated to different growth irradiance. These were sun leaves of three species with moderately high maximal photosynthetic capacities, tulip, rose, and periwinkle (Vinca minor), and leaves which had developed under very low irradiance from three shade-tolerant species, Monstera deliciosa, Philodendron caudatum and Schefflera arboricola. All sun leaves possessed larger xanthophyll cycle pools and greater maximal zeaxanthin (and antheraxanthin) contents and also displayed a greater maximal capacity for photo-protective energy dissipation in the pigment bed than the leaves acclimated to very low irradiance. The sun leaves also maintained a considerably lower reduction state of photosystem II at full sunlight than the leaves acclimated to very low irradiance. Thus, during exposure to full sunlight, these sun leaves were able to dissipate a major portion of the absorbed light through the combination of photosynthesis and energy dissipation in the pigment bed. Under the same conditions, these two processes combined were able to dissipate only a small fraction of the absorbed light in the leaves acclimated to very low irradiance. Most of the above differences between sun-acclimated leaves and leaves acclimated to very low irradiance existed not only between species but also within a species. Acclimation of Monstera deliciosa to a high growth irradiance resulted in leaves with a larger xanthophyll cycle pool, a greater maximal zeaxanthin (and antheraxanthin) content, and a greater capacity for energy dissipation in the pigment bed.
Physiological and biochemical effects of salicylic acid on Pisum sativum exposed to isoproturon

ABSTRACT In the present study, attenuation of isoproturon (IPU) toxicity by salicylic acid (SA) was observed. Seven-day-old seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad P-1) were treated with 10 mM IPU. IPU influenced physiological and biochemical parameters. IPU significantly inhibited growth variables like shoot and root height, fresh and dry biomass of the pea. The contents of carotenoids, chlorophylls, protein and activity of nitrate reductase were inhibited significantly. IPU enhanced the accumulation of H2O2, ion leakage and lipid peroxidation due to induction of oxidative stress in pea. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase increased while the activities of guaiacol peroxidase decreased. However, exogenous SA regulated the toxic effects of IPU. The indices of oxidative stress appeared to be alleviated by SA. Pigment content and activities of enzymes increased approximately up to the level of control. IPU caused non-target phytotoxicity to P. sativum. The natural growth regulator/allelochemical has potential to overcome the adverse effects caused by IPU. Abbreviations: CAT: catalase; EL: electrolyte leakage; IPU: isoproturon; LP: lipid peroxidation; MDA: malondialdehyde; NR: nitrate reductase; POD: guaiacol peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TCA: trichloroacetic acid
A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clade Pan-Chelydridae

Abstract Turtles of the total clade Pan-Chelydridae have a relatively sparse fossil record that reaches back to the Late Cretaceous (Santonian). The clade was only present in North America during the Cretaceous but spread along unclear routes to Asia and Europe during the Paleocene, only to go extinct on those continents by the end of the Pliocene. Final dispersal to South America took place at some time during the late Neogene. The ecology of stem chelydrids seems to have been similar to that of the extant Chelydra serpentina, although more primitive representatives were more molluscivorous as inferred from their broader triturating surfaces. Current phylogenies only recognize five internested clades: Pan-Chelydridae, Chelydridae, Chelydropsis, Chelydra and Macrochelys. A taxonomic review of the group concludes that of 31 named fossil taxa, 8 are nomina valida, 10 are nomina invalida, 9 are nomina dubia, 1 is a nomen nudum and 1 is a regular, unavailable name.
Influences of organic fertilizer application on soil biological properties.

It is necessary to study the influences of fertilizer application on soil since it is an important part of agricultural ecosystem. Soil biological properties such as enzyme activity, microbial biomass, respiration and biodiversity have received increasing attention due to they are much more sensitive to the outside disturbance than physiochemical properties. Contrast to the mineral fertilization, long time application of organic fertilizer can provide proper soil ecological environment for high crop production by improving contents of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, activities of soil enzymes and biodiversity and decreasing the metabolic respiratory quotient. Changes of soil biological properties influence the soil quality, agricultural yields and stabilization of ecosystem. This paper reviewed some works in these years about the influences of organic fertilizer application on soil biological characters.
Bird Survey of Mt. Kisokoma, Central Honshu

Mt. Kisokoma (2, 956m above sea level) is the highest peak of the Chuo Alps, Central Honshu.Bird censuses were made throughout a year from February 1977 to February 1978 in the mid-mountain zone at 900-1, 650m altitude. Line transect method along the road is used in the census work. The total number of birds recorded was 1, 525 individuals belonging to 43 species (Table 1). The number of species and that of birds showed similar seasonal changes, i.e., maximum in the breeding season and minimum in winter. The dominant species were Pale-legged Willow Warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes, Siberian Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides, Bush Warbler Cettia diphone, and Blue-and white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana in breeding season and Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus, Willow Tit Parus montanus, Coal Tit Parus ater, Great Tit Parus major, and Nuthatch Sitta europaea in non-breeding season. A marked expansion of range in vertical distribution was noted for Siberian Blue Robin Erithacus cyane, Bush Warbler Cettia diphone and Blue-and-White Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana. Mixed flocks of tits were encountered in every censuses except for the three breedingmonths, and all five species of tits formed mixed flocks.