Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response to comments raised by Edwin Sutanudjaja

Most large-scale hydrologic models fall short in reproducing groundwater head dynamics ::: and ::::::::: simulating ::::::: transport ::::::: process due to their over-simplified representation of groundwater flow. In this study, we aim to extend the applicability of the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM v5.7) to subsurface hydrology by coupling it with the porous media simulator OpenGeoSys (OGS). The two models are one-way coupled through model interfaces GIS2FEM and RIV2FEM, by which :: the : grid-based vertical 5 fluxes ::::: fluxes :: of :::::::::: groundwater :::::::: recharge ::: and ::: the ::::::::::::::: river-groundwater :::::::: exchange generated by mHM, are converted into upper-surface :: to :::::::: fixed-flux boundary conditions of the groundwater model OGS. Specifically, the grid-based vertical reservoirs in mHM are completely preserved for the estimation of land-surface fluxes, while OGS acts as a plug-in to the original mHM modeling framework for groundwater flow and transport modeling. The applicability of the coupled model (mHM#OGS v1.0) is evaluated by a case study in the central European meso-scale river basin Nägelstedt. Different time steps, i.e. daily in mHM and 10 monthly in OGS, are used to account for fast surface flow and slow groundwater flow. Model calibration is conducted following a two-step procedure using discharge :: for ::::: mHM : and long-term mean of groundwater head measurements :: for ::::: OGS, respectively. Based on the model summary statistics, namely the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE), the Pearson correlation coefficient Rcor::::: mean ::::::: absolute :::: error:::::: (MAE), and the inter-quartile range error QRE:::::: (QRE), the coupled model is able to satisfactorily represent the dynamics of discharge and groundwater heads at several locations across the study basin. Our exemplary calculations 15 show that the ::::::: one-way coupled model can take advantage of the spatially explicit modeling capabilities of surface and groundwater hydrologic models, and provide us with : an : adequate representation of the spatio-temporal behaviors of groundwater storage and heads, thus making it a valuable tool for addressing water resources and management problems.
A ug 2 01 4 Quantum state estimation with informationally overcomplete measurements

We study informationally overcomplete measurements for quantum state estimation so as to clarify their tomographic significance as compared with minimal informationally complete measurements. We show that informationally overcomplete measurements can improve the tomographic efficiency significantly over minimal measurements when the states of interest have high purities. Nevertheless, the efficiency is still too limited to be satisfactory with respect to figures of merit based on monotone Riemannian metrics, such as the Bures metric and quantum Chernoff metric. In this way, we also pinpoint the limitation of nonadaptive measurements and motivate the study of more sophisticated measurement schemes. In the course of our study, we introduce the best linear unbiased estimator and show that it is equally efficient as the maximum likelihood estimator in the large-sample limit. This estimator may significantly outperform the canonical linear estimator for states with high purities. It is expected to play an important role in experimental designs and adaptive quantum state tomography besides its significance to the current study.
Leaky modes of 2 D photonic crystals evaluated by angular reflection azimuthal spectra

Nowadays, an attention is paid to sub-wavelength photonic structures – photonic crystals (PhC), which can modify light propagation through them [1]. Like electrons in crystals, PhCs exhibit band structure effects for guided modes and in addition also external coupling. Energy transfer to the leaky modes occurs when in-plane component of the „background“ light wavevector equals the leaky mode wavevector. It can be manifested by the appearance of sharp resonances in external reflectivity spectra, as it was shown experimentally [2]. These resonances can be used to sample the bandstructure of leaky modes in the PhC.
A New Deep-sea Eelpout, Pachycara moelleri (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from Japan

A new zoarcid sh, Pachycara moelleri, is described from a single 318 mm specimen collected from off Kii Peninsula, Japan in 4,093 m. The new species is distinguished from its congeners in having following characters: vertebrae 31+78=109; lateral line con guration with mediolateral branch originating at posterior quater of trunk; pelvic ns absent; palatine teeth in two rows; no pseudobranch laments; tricuspid and bicupsid rakers present on rst gill arch; interorbital space wide; nostril tube short, not reaching to upper lip; branchiostegal rays 7; suborbital pores 6, postorbital pores 2 (positions 1 and 4), preoperculomandibular pores 8 (4+4); whitish horseshoe-shaped blotches on dorsal n. This record is the rst occurrence of Pachycara from the Western North Paci c.
Respiratory signs and symptoms of a rural subpopulation in India : What do they tell us ?

The study estimated the prevalence of chronic respiratory conditions among the cooks exposed to the burning of solid biomass cooking fuel. Questionnaire-based survey and lung function tests were administered to capture the self-reported respiratory health symptoms and lung health respectively. The estimated prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 3.14%, 4.84%, 7.09%, 10.91% for 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–65 years age group respectively. Obstructive lung disease was observed in 5.4%, 4.6%, 7.1%, and 13.5% of respondents for age groups 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–65 year respectively and 6% over all ages (p value < 0.05 for trend). Immediate actions are needed to reduce the pollution exposure of the rural populations by providing the clean cooking energy.
BREATHING BEHAVIOR DURING SINGING

• f elasticity forces, and gravitalion. The phonatory function Johan 5uiidberg of the breathing apparatus is to provide a subglottal pressure. Both in singing and speech this pressure is adjusted according to the intended vocal loudness. but in singing it has need to be tailored also to pitch; higher pitches nee higher pressures than lower pitches. As subglottal pressure affects pitch. singers need to develop a quite virtuosic breath control. Some singers activate the diaphragm only during inhalation and for reducing suhglottal pressure at high lung volumes, while other singers have been found to cu-contract it throughout the breath phrase. The tracheal pull, i.e. the pulling force exerted by the trachea on the larynx. is a mechanical link between the breathing and phonatory systems. The magnitude of this force depends on the level of the diaphragm in the trunk, i.e. on the lung volume, but it is also probably increased by a co-contracting diaphragm. The pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.
Viseme Recognition using lip curvature and Neural Networks to detect Bangla Vowels

Automatic Speech Recognition plays an important role in human-computer interaction, which can be applied in various vital applications like crime-fighting and helping the hearing-impaired. This paper provides a new method for recognition of Bengali visemes based on a combination of image-based lip segmentation techniques, use of curvature of the both inner and outer lips as well as neural networks. The method is divided into three steps. First step is a lip segmentation step that uses a combination of red exclusion method, HSV space and CIE spaces to produce illumination invariant images. Next, inner and outer lips are extracted separately using a new technique for curve-fitting. Second step is the feature extraction step, which makes use of quadratic curve-coefficients of the inner and outer lip contours. Finally, viseme recognition is done using a Neural Network. A dataset was created with 171 lip images of Bangla Visemes being spoken by different speakers and under different lighting conditions. The proposed method gave a viseme recognition result of 87.3%. Due to the use of non-iterative method as opposed to conventional methods, the algorithm was found to be faster in detecting lip contours.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CHICKEN MEAT WITH RELATION TO ITS QUALITY

A total of 105 random samples of chicken cuts up were collected from different super markets located in Menoufiya governorate. The examined samples were breast, thigh and drumsticks (35 of each). The samples were taken as intact units and transferred immediately in an ice box to the laboratory with undue delay in order to investigate their chemical criteria. The obtained results indicated that the mean values of moisture content (%) in the examined samples of chicken breast, thigh and drumsticks were 74.31 ± 0.18, 72.89 ± 0.21 and 71.14 ± 0.16; protein contents (%) were 21.06 ± 0.18, 20.13 ± 0.21 and 18.42 ± 0.16; fat contents (%) were 2.25±0.09, 2.99 ± 0.10 and 4.61 ± 0.13; ash contents (%) were 2.37±0.05, 2.52 ± 0.06 and 3.56 ± 0.09, respectively. Application of some keeping quality tests declared that the mean values of pH ,T V N (mg %) and T B A ( mg %) on the examined samples were 5.91 ± 0.01, 11.29 ± 0.32 and 0.04 ± 0.01 for chicken breast, 5.77± 0.01, 8.10 ± 0.21 and 0.09± 0.01 for thigh and 5.98 ± 0.01, 6.57 ± 0.19 and 0.14 ± 0.01 for chicken drumsticks, respectively. On the other hand, chicken breast had the highest content of Glutamic acid (12.82), Alanine (10.27), Methionine (9.11), Lysine (8.52), Arginine (6.61), Tryptophan (6.29), phenylalanine (4.79) and serine (3.48) than the other examined samples. In the same time, chicken thigh had the highest content of Glycine (14.69), Valine (8.19) and proline (6.01). While chicken drum stick had the highest content only of Leucine (13.45), Aspartic acid (10.12), Threonine (6.55), Tyrosine (5.07) and hydroxyproline. (2.21) Regarding the examined samples of chicken breast , thigh and drumstick, the total unsaturated fatty acids were 46.2%, 42.5% and 39.10%, however the total saturated fatty acids were 53.4%, 57.5% and 60.9% and the ratios between them were 0.91, 0.74 and 0.64 , respectively.
Knowledge-Aided Parameter Estimation Based on Conjugate Gradient Algorithms

The performance of many parameter estimation algorithms used for direction finding and localization techniques depends on the accuracy of the signal covariance matrix estimate. For a small number of sensors, the commonly used sample covariance matrix estimation procedure may only provide a poor estimate of the unknown true covariance matrix. In scenarios with low signal-to-noise ratio, stationary and non-stationary signal sources, a more accurate estimate of the signal covariance matrix can be achieved by incorporating a priori knowledge about the direction of arrival (DOA) of dominant signals. In this paper, we combine the weighted sample covariance matrix and a weighted knowledge-aided (KA) covariance matrix. We present a KA-Conjugate Gradient (KA-CG) algorithm that processes the enhanced covariance matrix estimate. Simulation results show that the proposed KA-CG algorithm substantially improves the probability of resolution of unknown close sources in the system, especially at middle low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), requiring a reasonable number of samples for this aim.
Toxicity and combined action of some insecticides and clove oil against Rhyzopertha dominica in wheat grain

Concerns about food quality and environmental protection have led to the search for effective and safe insect control measures. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of some insecticides (malathion, alpha-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) and clove oil, alone and in combinations, to protect wheat grain against Rhyzopertha dominica. Adult mortality, progeny emergence and weight loss of treated grain were examined. The results revealed that the tested insecticides and clove oil alone showed high efficiency to R. dominica with respect to mortality, progeny of the adults and weight loss of wheat grain. The mixing of lambda-cyhalothrin and clove oil with the most effective insecticide (alphacypermethrin) enhanced its efficacy to R. dominica. It was more efficient against R. dominica than when used alone with respect to mortality and progeny of the adults. However, mixing alpha-cypermethrin with malathion reduced the efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin against R. dominica with respect to mortality and progeny of the adults. Combinations of alpha-cypermethrin and clove oil reduced wheat grain loss more than using them alone. Mixing lambda-cyhalothrin and clove oil with low concentrations of alpha-cypermethrin improved its efficacy against R. dominica and therefore may reduce environmental pollution, lower risks to human health, and delay insect resistance development.
Simple and Efficient Transactions for a Distributed Object

Even the more or less “canonical”, lower-level architecture of information systems needs to be revisited from time to time. Notions like persistence and transactions belong traditionally to the area of database management systems. There are, however, many applications, such as CAD, VLSI design or simulation, which need persistence and could take advantage of transactions, but require especially fast implementations not provided by DBMS. In this paper we are describing a low-level transaction concept used to implement our parallel main memory object store (PPOST), to provide main memory access times combined with the safety and convenience of transactions.
Investigated the Interaction between Terpenoids of Betulinic Acid and Ursolic Acid Binding with ( Ct-( Ds ) DNA ) Was Studied By Spectroscopic , Electrochemical and Molecular Modeling Approach

The interaction between terpenoids of Betulinic Acid (BA) and Ursolic Acid (UA) binding with calf thymus-double strand deoxyribose nucleic acid (Ct-(ds) DNA) was studied by employing UV absorption, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetric and molecular modeling techniques. All studies were confirmed that the structural changes of DNA were binding to the terpenoids. From the CV results positive shift in peak potential and increased peak current of the terpenoid in the presence of DNA and then the fluorescence quenching of DNA-terpenoids system indicated the intercalative mode of binding between flavonoid and DNA. Molecular docking simulation methods are used as tools to delineate the binding mode and probable location of the terpenoids and their effects on the stability and conformation of Ct-(ds) DNA. Furthermore, Betulinic acid can bind more potential with Ct-(ds) DNA than ursolic acid. This is helpful to understand the molecular aspects of binding mode and provides direction for the use and the design of new effective therapeutic agents, especially for anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer activity.
Diaspora Externalities

Abstract This review article surveys the recent economic literature on diaspora networks, globalization, and development. Diasporas are shown to contribute to the economic and cultural integration of source (i.e., developing) countries into the global economy. I first review the effect of diaspora networks on core globalization outcomes such as trade, foreign investments, and the diffusion of knowledge and technology across borders. I then turn to the cultural and political sway of the diaspora, investigating the impact of emigration on the formation of political attitudes, fertility behavior, and other aspects of culture in the home country.
ELECTRON TRANSPORT THROUGH QUANTUM DOTS : AN UNUSUAL KONDO EFFECT

Quantum-dot devices consist of a small electronic island connected by tunnel barriers to source and drain electrodes [1]. Due to on-site Coulomb repulsion, the addition of an electron to the island implies an energy change U=e2/C, where C is the total capacitance of the island. Hence the number of confined electrons is a well-defined integer, N, that can be controlled by varying the voltage on a nearby gate electrode. Transport of electrons through the dot is allowed only at the transition points where the Nand (N+l)-states are both energetically accessible. Otherwise, N is constant and current transport is strongly suppressed. As a result, the linear conductance as a function of gate voltage exhibits a sequence of narrow resonances located at the transitions between consecutive electron numbers. This is lmown as Coulomb blockade [2,3]. If the tunnel conductance of the barriers, G~, is much smaller than the quantum conductance, e2/h, transport can be well described in terms of single-electron processes, which are first-order in Gt. As Gt approaches -e~/h, however, higher-order tunneling events need to be taken into account. These are commonly known as co-tunneling events since they involve the simultaneous coherent tunneling of two or more
The Impact of Psychological Capital on Employee Performance with Moderating Role of Leader ’ s Behavior

The objective of this study is to inspect the connection between psychological capital (comprised of hope, optimism, efficacy and resilience) and employee performance keeping leader behavior as moderator with the help of numerous studies and methods of data. The study assesses the impact of psychological capital to the performance of employees. The significant literature review establishes the fact that there exists a positive relationship between Psychological capital and performance of employees. For that reason, empirical method is used to find whether there is relationship exists between psychological capital and employee performance. The study results reveal that positive relationship indeed exists between psychological capital and performance of employees. Researchers gathered information for the research from banking sector of Pakistan. Researchers have adapted questionnaires, used various already published articles and authentic websites for data collection. Results showed that psychological capital has positive impact on employee performance while leader behavior decreased its impact.
Numerical Investigation of Junctionless Nanowire Transistors Using A Boltzmann / Schrödinger / Poisson Full Newton-Raphson Solver

A deterministic approach for solving the Poisson, Schrödinger and Boltzmann equations in 3D nanoscale devices is presented for the first time, where the Schrödinger equation is included via first order perturbation theory in the NewtonRaphson scheme. The developed solver is shown to be stable even in deep subthreshold simulations, and can provide insight in key phenomena occuring in ultra-short devices with confinement in two spatial dimensions.
USING BINOCULAR STEREOVISION FOR CALCULATING MOTION REFERENCES FOR A MOBILE MANIPULATOR UDC 62-236 . 58 : 531 .

This paper focuses on the design and application of a stereo setup that is mounted on a mobile manipulator. This setup is utilized to generate reference points for mobile manipulator, dynamically. Tasks, 3D recovery and feature extraction are accomplished in camera reference frames then they are transformed to robot coordinate frame. Recovered position data is converted to manipulator pose with two-stage algorithm: an iterative approach for positioning and inverse kinematics calculations for orientation requirement. A computer application of this algorithm is developed and tested for position control of mobile manipulators with active vision.
ADAPTIVE GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL IN GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION

We discuss stochastic optimization problems that involve unknown dependencies between control and random variables, where we lack information about both the distribution of uncertainty and the exact form of revenue function. We study adaptive algorithm that provides the decision which converges to the true optimal solution with learning uncertainty (for example, demand uncertainty) and optimizing the objective function (for example, maximizing revenue) iteratively.
Domain Adaptation for MT: A Study with Unknown and Out-of-Domain Tasks

Translation quality could degrade non-gracefully outside the desired domain for MT. Meanwhile, translation requests are often unknown and potentially out-of-domain in practice. This paper shows that having an ecosystem with a range of pre-trained domain-speciﬁc MT systems can reduce the effect: a translation task can be out of scope of most pre-trained MT systems, but a few others can be capable of handling the task. But how to obtain the best translation from an ecosystem for such translation requests? We contribute two frameworks to address the problem. Experiments show that our frameworks give the performance in the middle be-tween top rank MT systems with reasonably large-scale ecosystems.
Image Segmentation Method of RGB Image and Depth Image Based on Kinect

he information of existing image segmentation algorithm is too little to achieve the desired results. Kinect depth camera can get the RGB image and depth image of the surrounding scene in real time, which brings a new research method for image segmentation and recognition. This paper proposed an integrating image segmentation method for RGB image and depth image based on Kinect. Integrating color and depth information, dynamic adaptive weighting method simpler and more effective compared to other methods, which provides an accurate criterion and robustness for the subsequent region merging.
Measuring well being of the people living in Slums of Islamabad by Wealth Index and by household deprivations as an application to Human Development Index ( HDI )

In Pakistan and across the world, slums have been the characteristics of urban setting. Almost every slum setting exits across the boundaries of cities but in Islamabad, slums are right at the center of urban sectors and they are inhabited particularly on banks of riverine nullas. Notwithstanding, CDA has approved these slums. People started to dwell here from early 1960s and after 1997 CDA has regularized the slums covered under present study. Regularization provided inhabitants the right to build houses and live as legitimate member of the community. What particular socio-demographic characteristics they have, how households are distributed between and across communities, in terms of wealth index, and what patterns of household-level deprivations exit in all of these communities are the target of this research work. Findings show that wealth index varies within communities e.g. G7/1 slum is found as inhabiting largest poorest segment and G7/2 inhabiting largest richest segment of households. Household deprivations vary from 38 to 54 percent. In overall, about 45 percent of the total population is excess population that shows that these slums are over populated. It has been found that demographic transition has already been started for these communities, therefore, poverty and household deprivations have implications for their future socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Excess population, bad management of solid waste disposal, and polluted water are other crucial issues that will ultimately challenge the future settlement conditions at each slum and have strong policy implications.