Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hospitalization for self-harm during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in France: a nationwide study

Introduction. Little is known to date about the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on self-harm incidence. Methods. The number of hospitalizations for self-harm in France (mainland and overseas) from January to August 2020 (which includes the first confinement from March 17th to May 11th) was compared to the same period in 2019-2017. Hospital data with the ICD-10 codes X60-84 were extracted from the national administrative database (PMSI). Results. There were 53,583 hospitalizations for self-harm in France between January and August 2020. Compared to the same period in 2019, this represents an overall 8.5% decrease. This decrease started the first week of the confinement and the number of hospitalizations remained at lower levels relative to 2019 until the end of August. The decrease was more marked in women (-9.8%) than men (-6.4%). However, an increase in hospitalizations was observed in individuals aged 75 and older (+5.3 to +11.6%). Moreover, the number of self-harm by firearm (+20.3%), jumping from height (+10.5%), and drowning (+4.7%) increased between 2019 and 2020, as well as the number of hospitalizations in intensive care (+3.5%) and deaths at discharge from hospital (+8.0%). No correlation was found between the evolution in the number of hospitalizations for self-harm and the number of severe cases of Covid-19 (hospitalization and mortality rates) across administrative departments. Discussion. During the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in France - including the first confinement -, a general decrease in the number of hospitalizations for self-harm was observed. However, an increase was found among elderly, a population at higher Covid 19- related mortality risk, and in the number of more severe suicidal acts. These results, therefore, shed light on a complex relationship between the pandemic and self-harm occurrence. This situation may change with time, which requires active suicide prevention strategies.
Neural Machine Translation between similar South-Slavic languages

This paper describes the ADAPT-DCU machine translation systems built for the WMT 2020 shared task on Similar Language Translation. We explored several set-ups for NMT for Croatian–Slovenian and Serbian–Slovenian language pairs in both translation directions. Our experiments focus on different amounts and types of training data: we first apply basic filtering on the OpenSubtitles training corpora, then we perform additional cleaning of remaining misaligned segments based on character n-gram matching. Finally, we make use of additional monolingual data by creating synthetic parallel data through back-translation. Automatic evaluation shows that multilingual systems with joint Serbian and Croatian data are better than bilingual, as well as that character-based cleaning leads to improved scores while using less data. The results also confirm once more that adding back-translated data further improves the performance, especially when the synthetic data is similar to the desired domain of the development and test set. This, however, might come at a price of prolonged training time, especially for multitarget systems.
Findings of the WMT 2020 Biomedical Translation Shared Task: Basque, Italian and Russian as New Additional Languages

Machine translation of scientific abstracts and terminologies has the potential to support health professionals and biomedical researchers in some of their activities. In the fifth edition of the WMT Biomedical Task, we addressed a total of eight language pairs. Five language pairs were previously addressed in past editions of the shared task, namely, English/German, English/French, English/Spanish, English/Portuguese, and English/Chinese. Three additional languages pairs were also introduced this year: English/Russian, English/Italian, and English/Basque. The task addressed the evaluation of both scientific abstracts (all language pairs) and terminologies (English/Basque only). We received submissions from a total of 20 teams. For recurring language pairs, we observed an improvement in the translations in terms of automatic scores and qualitative evaluations, compared to previous years.
Iron and sulfur mineral analysis methods for natural attenuation assessments

Abstract Based on electron acceptor abundance, Fe3+ and SO2− 4 reduction by bacteria may play a dominant role in intrinsic bioremediation of some organic contaminants in the subsurface. Both Fe3+ and SO2− 4 reduction processes involve mineral phases and may not be properly understood by evaluating only groundwater concentrations. Fe and S mineral analyses should be incorporated in natural attenuation studies; however, inherent problems with sample collection and analysis have discouraged such efforts. Methods are presented here for (1) sediment collection and anoxic preservation, (2) evaluation of biologically available Fe3+ and biogenically produced Fe2+ minerals, and (3) a simplified extended mineral sulfide analysis for ‐FeS and S°+FeS2. These techniques are demonstrated to evaluate Fe3+ and SO2− 4 reduction at three sites where the soil or aquifer matrix had been contaminated with gasoline fuel, methane gas, or landfill leachate. It is expected that these techniques will permit Fe and S mineral analys.
Improving on estimates of the relative harm to health from using modern ENDS (vaping) compared to tobacco smoking

Introduction: Although the harm to health from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use relative to smoked tobacco remains highly uncertain, society and governments still need to know the likely range of the relative harm to inform regulatory policies for ENDS and smoking. Methods: We identified biomarkers with specificity of association with different disease groupings e.g., volatile organic compound (VOCs) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for all cancers. We conducted a review of recent studies (post January 2017) that compared these biomarkers between people exclusively using ENDS and those exclusively smoking tobacco. The percentage differences in these biomarkers were assumed to reflect the likely percentage difference in disease harm between ENDS and smoking, and were applied to previously modelled estimates of smoking-related health loss (in health-adjusted life-years; HALYs). Results: The respective relative biomarker levels (ENDS vs smoking) weighted by study size and adjusted for acrolein from other sources were: 28% for respiratory diseases (five results, three studies); 42% for cancers (five results, four studies); and 35% for cardiovascular (seven results, four studies). When integrated with the HALY impacts by disease, the overall harm to health from ENDS was estimated to be 33% that of smoking. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that the use of modern ENDS devices (vaping) could be a third as harmful to health as smoking in a high-income country setting. But this is probably best considered a maximal level given the potential biases in our method (i.e., the biomarkers used being correlated with more unaccounted for toxicants in smoking compared to with using ENDS).
Bias measurement in, bias results out: how an assumption free height adjusted weight model outperforms body mass index

Objective Body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used predictor of weight-related comorbidities and outcomes. However, the presumed relationship between height and weight intrinsic to BMI may introduce bias with respect to prediction of clinical outcomes. Using Vanderbilt University Medical Center's deidentified electronic health records and landmark methodology, we performed a series of analyses comparing the performance of models representing weight and height as separate interacting variables to models using BMI. Methods Model prediction was evaluated with respect to established weight-related cardiometabolic traits, metabolic syndrome and its components hypertension, diabetes mellitus, low high-density lipoprotein, and elevated triglycerides, as well as cardiovascular outcomes, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. Model performance was evaluated using likelihood ratio, R2, and Somers' Dxy rank correlation. Differences in model predictions were visualized using heatmaps. Results Regardless of outcome, the maximally flexible model had a higher likelihood ratio, R2, and Somers' Dxy rank correlation for event-free prediction probability compared to the BMI model. Performance differed based on the outcome and across the height and weight range. Conclusions Compared to BMI, modeling height and weight as independent, interacting variables results in less bias and improved predictive accuracy for all tested traits.
Transfer Learning for Related Languages: Submissions to the WMT20 Similar Language Translation Task

In this paper, we describe IIT Delhi’s submissions to the WMT 2020 task on Similar Language Translation for four language directions: Hindi <-> Marathi and Spanish <-> Portuguese. We try out three different model settings for the translation task and select our primary and contrastive submissions on the basis of performance of these three models. For our best submissions, we fine-tune the mBART model on the parallel data provided for the task. The pre-training is done using self-supervised objectives on a large amount of monolingual data for many languages. Overall, our models are ranked in the top four of all systems for the submitted language pairs, with first rank in Spanish -> Portuguese.
Effects of Trade Reform on Health and Tourism Sectors of the Reforming Country

Health trade and related tourism have become prevalent in recent times, particularly in countries where quality medical services are provided at a relatively low cost. Therefore, using a competitive general equilibrium trade model, this article theoretically attempts to find possible complementarity between the health sector and the tourism sector in a small open developing economy. While exploring the results, this article also finds the effect of trade reform on factor prices, per unit factor requirement and output of different sectors of the economy. Capital owners are seen to lose with trade reform, while labours and doctors gain. Eventually, both health and tourism sectors are found to be complementary in nature. However, expansion of these sectors is conditional on factor intensity assumption. Following this, we briefly touch upon the possible effects of deglobalisation in such an economy. We find that capitalists gain, whereas both doctors and labours suffer loss. Complementarity between health and tourism sectors persists, and the size of different sectors is again found to depend on factor intensity.
Speed-optimized, Compact Student Models that Distill Knowledge from a Larger Teacher Model: the UEDIN-CUNI Submission to the WMT 2020 News Translation Task

We describe the joint submission of the University of Edinburgh and Charles University, Prague, to the Czech/English track in the WMT 2020 Shared Task on News Translation. Our fast and compact student models distill knowledge from a larger, slower teacher. They are designed to offer a good trade-off between translation quality and inference efficiency. On the WMT 2020 Czech ↔ English test sets, they achieve translation speeds of over 700 whitespace-delimited source words per second on a single CPU thread, thus making neural translation feasible on consumer hardware without a GPU.
A Hybrid Catheter Localisation Framework in Echocardiography Based on Electromagnetic Tracking and Deep Learning Segmentation

Interventional cardiology procedure is an important type of minimally invasive surgery that deals with the catheter-based treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery diseases, strokes, peripheral arterial diseases and aortic diseases. Ultrasound imaging, also called echocardiography, is a typical imaging tool that monitors catheter puncturing. Localising a medical device accurately during cardiac interventions can help improve the procedure's safety and reliability under ultrasound imaging. However, external device tracking and image-based tracking methods can only provide a partial solution. Thus, we proposed a hybrid framework, with the combination of both methods to localise the catheter tip target in an automatic way. The external device used was an electromagnetic tracking system from North Digital Inc (NDI) and the ultrasound image analysis was based on UNet, a deep learning network for semantic segmentation. From the external method, the tip's location was determined precisely, and the deep learning platform segmented the exact catheter tip automatically. This novel hybrid localisation framework combines the advantages of external electromagnetic (EM) tracking and deep-learning-based image method, which offers a new solution to identify the moving medical device in low-resolution ultrasound images.
High performance optical 90° hybrid at 2 μm wavelength range based on 2×4 MMI using Si3N4 technology

A compact and broadband optical 90° hybrid based on a 2×4 multimode interference (MMI) coupler using the Si3N4 technology is proposed. The effects of MMI length, width, and wavelength on optical power transmission are investigated. With the length of 217 μm for the 2×4 MMI coupler, this optical 90° hybrid shows a maximum phase error of 5°, an excess loss of 1 dB, and a transmission imbalance of 1 dB over a 75-nm-wide wavelength range.
Connected quadruples for the frequencies of O3

Coupled cluster methods with full inclusion of quadruples (T4) are not yet applicable to O3 frequencies, but a recently proposed noniterative quadruples method [CCSDT(Qf)] offers an ∼n7 evaluation. We report large basis set results for O3’s structure and harmonic vibrational frequencies, improving agreement with experiment over CCSDT.
Mixing of the Organic Aerosol Fractions: Liquids as the Thermodynamically Stable Phases

An increasing number of single-particle measurements show that organic and inorganic constituents of the atmospheric aerosol are internally mixed within the particles. Therefore, the phases of the aerosol will be influenced by both mixing of the organic substances with each other and mixing between organic and inorganic constituents. In this work, the mixing properties of the organic aerosol fractions have been investigated theoretically and experimentally with respect to melting and deliquescence. We show that a liquid (or an amorphous solid) is the thermodynamically stable phaseeven in the absence of water as a solventprovided that a sufficiently high number of miscible components are present. Furthermore, we show experimentally that the deliquescence relative humidity of aqueous solutions of dicarboxylic acids decreases with an increasing number of components present in the solution. A five-component mixture consisting of malic, malonic, maleic, glutaric, and methylsuccinic acids deliquesces at a relat.
Effects of nanoparticle deposition on surface wettability influencing boiling heat transfer in nanofluids

Buildup of a porous layer of nanoparticles on the heated surface occurs upon boiling of nanofluids containing alumina, zirconia, or silica nanoparticles. This layer significantly improves the surface wettability, as shown by a reduction of the static contact angle on the nanofluid-boiled surfaces compared with the pure-water-boiled surfaces. The contact angle reduction is attributed to changes in surface energy and surface morphology brought about by the presence of the nanoparticle layer. The high surface wettability can plausibly explain the boiling critical heat flux enhancement in nanofluids.
Distinct Community Assembly Processes of Abundant and Rare Soil Bacteria in Coastal Wetlands along an Inundation Gradient

Coastal wetlands are one of the important ecosystems that play a crucial role in the regulation of climate change. Rare taxa (RT) exist in one habitat along with abundant taxa (AT). ABSTRACT Microbial communities commonly consist of a large number of rare taxa (RT) and few abundant taxa (AT), and it is important to identify the differences of the community assembly processes between RT and AT in response to environmental changes. However, the community assembly processes governing AT and RT in coastal wetland soils along an inundation gradient remain elusive. Here, an in situ mesocosm, with continuous inundation gradients and native mangrove Kandelia obovata or exotic cordgrass Spartina alterniflora, was established to determine the patterns and driving factors of community turnover and assembly processes of AT and RT. We found that RT exhibited a remarkably lower turnover rate than AT, and the niche breadth of RT was significantly narrower than that of AT. In comparison with AT, RT presented stronger phylogenetic signals for ecological preferences across environmental gradients. Null model analyses revealed that RT were more phylogenetically clustered and primarily governed by homogeneous selection, while AT were more overdispersed and dominated by dispersal limitation. Soil water content was the most decisive factor for community turnover and assembly processes of both AT and RT. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that RT were strongly associated with K. obovata biomass rather than S. alterniflora biomass, suggesting a strong relationship between RT and the growth of mangrove K. obovata. Overall, our study revealed distinct assembly processes of soil AT and RT communities in coastal wetlands, which is crucial for mechanistic understanding of the establishment and maintenance of soil microbial diversity in coastal wetlands under conditions of global environmental changes. IMPORTANCE Coastal wetlands are one of the important ecosystems that play a crucial role in the regulation of climate change. Rare taxa (RT) exist in one habitat along with abundant taxa (AT). In this study, we found that RT exhibited narrower niche breadth and stronger phylogenetic signals than AT. Null model analyses showed that RT were more phylogenetically clustered and primarily governed by homogeneous selection, while AT were more overdispersed and dominated by dispersal limitation. Revealing the differences in the community assembly processes between AT and RT in coastal wetlands is critical to understand the establishment and maintenance of soil microbial diversity in coastal wetlands with regard to environmental changes.
Pulse width stretched Q-switched Nd:YAG green laser based on a multi-pass cavity

We present a compact pulse width stretched nanosecond pulse Nd:YAG green laser based on a multi-pass cavity (MPC). The pulse widths were stretched from adjustable regime 110-260 ns to 460-600 ns by changing from single to multi-pass operation at the pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz. At a typical pulse width of 460 ns, an average output power of 6.5 W was successfully achieved. The 532 nm output power and pulse width versus the 1064 nm pump power were simulated. The calculated results were well consistent with experimental data. Such nanosecond pulse lasers are interesting for both industrial and scientific applications, for example laser damage experiment for some new materials.
A smartphone-based thermal imaging sensor for temperature measurement of animal groups

Animal body surface temperature abnormality is highly correlated with animal physiological abnormalities and epidemic diseases. In animal groups, the conventional local thermometry is always stuck in limitations like large workload and large temperature error induced by animal restraint stress reaction, etc. A fast surface temperature measurement system carrying a smartphone-based miniature non-refrigeration IR thermal imaging temperature sensor for animal groups was developed in this research. A thermostat-based internal calibration method was established to tackle the temperature drift of the thermal core, and implement the real-time calibration of the temperature measuring errors caused by the temperature response drift of the detector.
Design of multiwavelength confocal plane multifocal metalens based on CGH in visible band

The traditional optical system is composed of multiple optical elements, which will lead to the huge volume and high cost of the optical system, which can not meet the needs of people in terms of performance. The emergence of metasurface has made a great breakthrough in the problems existing in optical systems. In recent years, the metasurface has attracted the attention of researchers because it can breakthrough the limitation of traditional electromagnetic law and realize the modulation of light phase, amplitude and other parameters. In this paper, a kind of multiwavelength confocal plane multifocal metalens in visible wavelengths is designed. The design of metalens is realized by computer generation holography(CGH), and the phase distribution of the metalens is analyzed and calculated. Transmission metalens designed with all-dielectric materials is used and the imaging effect of confocal plane four-focal metalens at different wavelengths of visible wavelengths is analyzed. The surface phase characteristics of the multifocal metalens at different wavelengths were analyzed, and the Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase was used to match the rotational phase of the unit cell structure with the phase of the surface of the metalens, and the confocal plane focusing at multiple wavelengths was successfully realized, with the focusing efficiency reaching 43%.
Design of circularly polarized folded transmitarray antenna

In this paper, the method of circularly polarized folded transmitarray antenna (CPFTA) is first proposed and studied based on transmitarray antenna (TA). The special element of TA is proposed to reflect x-polarized waves as a ground, transmit y-polarized waves and convert the y-polarized waves to circular polarized wave with arbitrary phase shift at the same time in the operating frequency band. A reflective polarizer based on metasurface is applied to twist the polarization of incident waves by 90°. The whole CPFTA, including the feeding source of microstrip antenna, transmitarray antenna, and reflective polarizer can be fully integrated.
InP/GaAsSb/InP and InP/GaAsSb/InGaAsP double heterojunction bipolar transistors with a carbon‐doped base grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition

InP/GaAsSb double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) may be an attractive alternative to InP/InGaAs DHBTs, since estimates of the band alignment indicate that it is ideal for fabricating n‐p‐n DHBTs. We have demonstrated the first organometallic chemical vapor deposition grown InP/GaAsSb DHBTs, with carbon‐doped bases having an ft and fmax of 30 and 45 GHz, respectively.InP/GaAsSb double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) may be an attractive alternative to InP/InGaAs DHBTs, since estimates of the band alignment indicate that it is ideal for fabricating n‐p‐n DHBTs. We have demonstrated the first organometallic chemical vapor deposition grown InP/GaAsSb DHBTs, with carbon‐doped bases having an ft and fmax of 30 and 45 GHz, respectively.
Rapamycin and abundant TCR stimulation are required for the generation of stable human induced regulatory T cells

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a vital sub‐population of CD4+ T cells with major roles in immune tolerance and homeostasis. Given such properties, the use of regulatory T cells for immunotherapies has been extensively investigated, with a focus on adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded natural Tregs (nTregs). For immunotherapies, induced Tregs (iTregs), generated in vitro from naïve CD4+ T cells, provide an attractive alternative, given the ease of generating cell numbers required for clinical dosage. While the combination of TGF‐β, ATRA and rapamycin has been shown to generate highly suppressive iTregs, the challenge for therapeutic iTreg generation has been their instability. Here, we investigate the impact of rapamycin concentrations and α‐CD3/CD28 bead ratios on human iTreg stability.