Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical behaviour of ITER central solenoid

The ITER Magnet system consist of 4 sub-systems, i.e. 18 Toroidal Field Coils (TF-coil), a central Solenoid (CS), 6 Poloidal Field Coils (PF-coil) and 3 sets of Correction Coils (CC). The Central Solenoid contributes a) to the inductive flux to drive the plasma, b) to the shaping of the field lines in the divertor region and to c) the vertical stability control. The CS performance is fatigue limited, mainly by the stress levels in the conductor jacket and in the pre-compression structure needed to keep the modules in contact as much as possible during the repulsive forces which can arise in operation. The choice of the jacket material and its impact on the pre-compression structure have been investigated by performing finite element analyses with 2D/3D global and local models. A large number of loading conditions and two material options for the pre-compression structure have been considered. The results obtained are used for the structural assessment (static and fatigue) resulting in the present baseline design.
Measurements and Analysis of the SIS-300 Dipole Prototype During the Functional Test at LASA

The FAIR facility, under construction at GSI, includes the synchrotron SIS300 (300 Tm rigidity). In order to reach the required high intensities of proton and heavy ion beams, the bending dipole magnets (beam tube diameter aperture 100 mm) have to be pulsed from the injection magnetic field of 1.5 T to the extraction field of 4.5 T at the rate of 1 T/s. The first 3.9-m-long model dipole has been built and the tests have been carried out at LASA Lab in 2012. These tests have allowed assessment of the performance of the magnet, also in pulsed regime. The performance limitation in fast ramp condition appeared mostly due not only to the ramp rate, but also to the total variation of the current, suggesting an effect due to induced current in the superconducting strands in a particular zone of the conductor. The paper illustrates the results of the measurements and presents some models to describe the quench during the ramp of the current.
The Current Status of Responsibility Accounting in Ugandan Public Universities

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of the agency relation on the relationship between the hierarchical structure and responsibility accounting at academic departments in Ugandan public universities. This study was based on a crosssectional survey research design that was limited to academic departments from public universities in Uganda. The main focus is to establish the role of the agency in the relationship between hierarchical structure and responsibility accounting. The paper adopted the Boran and Kenny approach, hierarchical regression analysis, and bootstrapping to test for mediation effects. Agency relation is a significant mediator in the association between the hierarchical structure and responsibility accounting. It also boosts the relationship between the two by 25.6 percent in the academic departments of public universities. Further, the finding confirmed a partial type of mediation between hierarchical structure and responsibility accounting. In order to have a meaningful and viable interpretation of the results of the relationship between the hierarchical structure and responsibility accounting practices, it is important to assess the role of the third variable (agency relation) in the relationship. This enables practitioners and scholars to explain and recommend agency relation as viable means that foster transparency and efficiency in an organization. This is study focused on testing the mediating effect of agency relation on the relationship between hierarchical structure and responsibility accounting at academic departments in Ugandan public universities.
Alien eggs in duck nests: brood parasitism or a help from Grandma?

Intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP) is a remarkable phenomenon by which parasitic females can increase their reproductive output by laying eggs in conspecific females’ nests in addition to incubating eggs in their own nest. Kin selection could explain the tolerance, or even the selective advantage, of IBP, but different models of IBP based on game theory yield contradicting predictions. Our analyses of seven polymorphic autosomal microsatellites in two eider duck colonies indicate that relatedness between host and parasitizing females is significantly higher than the background relatedness within the colony. This result is unlikely to be a by‐product of relatives nesting in close vicinity, as nest distance and genetic identity are not correlated. For eider females that had been ring‐marked during the decades prior to our study, our analyses indicate that (i) the average age of parasitized females is higher than the age of nonparasitized females, (ii) the percentage of nests with alien eggs increases with the age of nesting females, (iii) the level of IBP increases with the host females’ age, and (iv) the number of own eggs in the nest of parasitized females significantly decreases with age. IBP may allow those older females unable to produce as many eggs as they can incubate to gain indirect fitness without impairing their direct fitness: genetically related females specialize in their energy allocation, with young females producing more eggs than they can incubate and entrusting these to their older relatives. Intraspecific brood parasitism in ducks may constitute cooperation among generations of closely related females.
A kinematic algorithm for manipulating an irregular object with robotic fingers

The parallel jaw grippers have been in use in industrial manipulators as standard end-effectors for a long time. A simple ON-OFF controller is adequate for these grippers. They typically use pneumatic cylinders as actuators for opening and closing of its jaws. However, a gripper of this type is incapable of handling convex objects; and dexterous manipulations like unscrewing a flask is almost impossible. It is obvious that fingers instead of jaws are required to perform complex tasks. However, the control of such fingers is not simple ON-OFF events. This paper presents a computational frame work on the basis of constraints of a closed kinematic chain, in order to grasp and manipulate unknown objects. This approach does not depend on grasped objects geometry for articulating the fingers.
Partitioning of monosynaptic Ia excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the motor nucleus of the cat lateral gastrocnemius muscle.

Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that a partitioning of Ia monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (Ia EPSPs) is present in motor nuclei supplying muscles with regions capable of different mechanical actions. Intracellular recordings of synaptic potentials were made in lateral gastrocnemius (LG) motoneurons in anesthetized low-spinal cats. The effects were tested of stimuli (group I range) to the four primary nerve branches of the LG nerve supplying muscle compartments LGm, LG1, LG2, and LG3 (terminology of English, Ref. 26) and the nerve to a heteronymous muscle, soleus. Stimulation of a given LG nerve branch produced monosynaptic Ia EPSPs of greater amplitude in "own-branch" motoneurons than "other-branch" cells. A significant partitioning of mean Ia EPSPs was found in three (LG1, LG2, LG3) out of the four homonymous pathways studied. An EPSP normalization (7) was performed to eliminate potential differences in cell type that might affect the amplitudes of the EPSPs between these four cell groups (e.g., differences in the number of cells supplying FF, FR, and S muscle units). This normalization confirmed that the partitioning of monosynaptic Ia inputs upon stimulation of LG1, LG2, and LG3 could not be attributed to differences in cell type. In addition, the effects of LGm stimulation were found to be significantly greater in the LGm motoneurons compared with the other cell groups. Heteronymous input (from soleus) to the LG motor nucleus showed some partitioned effects. Motoneurons innervating compartment LG2 received larger EPSPs from soleus than did the cells supplying compartments LG1, LG3, and LGm. The contributions of location specificity and species specificity (terminology of Scott and Mendell, Ref. 55) in the establishment of these Ia-afferent-motoneuronal connections were examined. Cell location sites within the spinal cord were consistent with location specificity making some contribution to the observed pattern of homonymous Ia connections. A more prominent role for species specificity was indicated by species-dependent differences in EPSP amplitude in pairs of LG motoneurons (e.g., LGm vs. LG2) at similar rostrocaudal locations upon stimulation of a given homonymous or heteronymous nerve/branch.
Local Stochastic Volatility Models: Calibration and Pricing

We analyze in detail calibration and pricing performed within the framework of local stochastic volatility LSV models, which have become the industry market standard for FX and equity markets. We present the main arguments for the need of having such models, and address the question whether jumps have to be included. We include a comprehensive literature overview, and focus our exposition on important details related to calibration procedures and option pricing using PDEs or PIDEs derived from LSV models. We describe calibration procedures, with special attention given to usage and solution of corresponding forward Kolmogorov PDE/PIDE, and outline powerful algorithms for estimation of model parameters. Emphasis is placed on presenting practical details regarding the setup and the numerical solution of both forward and backward PDEs/PIDEs obtained from the LSV models. Consequently we discuss specifics (based on our experience and best practices from literature) regarding choice of boundary conditions, construction of nonuniform spatial grids and adaptive temporal grids, selection of efficient and appropriate finite difference schemes (with possible enhancements), etc. We also show how to practically integrate specific features of various types of financial instruments within calibration and pricing settings. We consider all questions and topics identified as most relevant during the selection, calibration and pricing procedures associated with local stochastic volatility models, providing answers (to the best of our knowledge), and present references for deeper understanding and for additional perspectives. In a nutshell, it is our intention to present here an effective roadmap for a successful LSV journey.
Bacterial burden and wound outcomes as influenced by negative pressure wound therapy ﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿.

UNLABELLED ﻿ ﻿Abstract: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has consistently shown significant clinical benefits in wound healing, but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. While a reduction in bacterial burden is one possible contributor, studies have shown mixed results in this regard. The present study used a porcine infected wound model to test the effect of NPWT on bacterial burden. METHODS Infected wounds (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis) in a porcine model were treated with V.A. C. ® therapy with the standard GranuFoam™ dressing, V.A. C. therapy with the GranuFoam Silver® dressing, or moist gauze for a period of 7 days with three dressing changes. Quantitative and semiquantitative bacterial cultures, histological samples, and digital photographs were taken at dressing changes. RESULTS The wounds continued to show gross and microscopic improvement when treated with standard NPWT and NPWT with silver compared to moist wound care controls. However, the bacterial burden in all wounds continued to increase and broadened to include local skin flora, which had been absent immediately after wounding. These increases in bacteria were not affected by the use of silver dressings. CONCLUSION Negative pressure wound therapy with either standard NPWT foam or silver NPWT foam produced significant improvements in local wound appearance. This occurred despite a persistently high level of bacterial infection; thus, the improvement in healing of these infected wounds cannot be explained by a change in the bacterial burden. ﻿﻿﻿.
RNase III cleaves vesicular stomatitis virus genome-length RNAs but fails to cleave viral mRNA's

The procaryotic RNA processing enzyme RNase III (endoribonuclease III [EC 3.1.4.24]) was used to probe vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) RNAs for specific sites that could be recognized and cleaved. The effect of the enzyme on the RNAs was monitored by measuring their subsequent migration in denaturing agarose-urea gels. VSV virion RNA (negative strand; Mr, 4 X 10(6)) was cleaved by the enzyme to yield a set of discrete fragments which ranged on size from 3.5 X 10(6) to 0.2 X 10(6) daltons. The cleavage was a function of enzyme concentration, salt concentration, and time. A maximum of 20 to 22 fragments was generated under conditions of low enzyme concentration or short times of incubation. VSV genome-length intracellular RNA of both + and - polarity was also cleaved by RNase III. In contrast to the findings with virion-length RNA, however, the migration rates of VSV mRNA's purified by chromatography on polyuridylic acid-Sepharose were unaffected by treatment with RNase III. These results show that specific sites in the virion RNA and its full-length complement can be recognized by RNase III. Sites of this type are not present in the polyadenylic acid-containing mRNA, however.
Asymmetric appearance of intracranial vessels on routine spin-echo MR images: a pulse sequence-dependent phenomenon.

PURPOSE To determine the cause of right to left signal intensity differences arising from intracranial vessels during routine spin-echo axial MR imaging of the head. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a normal imaging sequence in which the default directions of the frequency and phase axes were horizontal and vertical, respectively, differences in signal intensity arising from the vertebral arteries were observed in a healthy subject. With the exchange of the frequency and phase axes relative to the normal sequence, no signal intensity differences between the vertebral arteries were recognized. Other pulse sequence modifications, ie, the use of motion-compensating gradients and the reversed polarity of the frequency-encoding gradient, also resulted in variable appearances of the vertebral arteries, indicating that the right-to-left signal asymmetry of the vertebral arteries observed on the normal spin-echo image results from a pulse sequence dependent phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Frequency-encoding and slice-selection gradients both produce motion-induced phase shifts. These phase shifts depend on the angle between the direction of flow and that of the effective vector sum of these gradients. The asymmetric appearance of the vertebral arteries during normal spin-echo imaging was found to result from the angle dependence of motion-induced phase shifts. Awareness of this artifactual phenomenon is important to avoid confusing it with conditions such as stenosis/occlusion, dissection, or slow flow.
Zakonska regulativa zaštite životne sredine, prirodnih i zajedničkih dobara u BiH i njena usaglašenost sa regulativom EU

Zakonska regulativa iz oblasti zastite životne sredine zauzima važnu poziciju u pravnom poretku EU kojoj zemlje u tranziciji, Bosna i Hercegovina, Srbija, ali i ostale zemlje bivse Jugoslavije teže. Pravne odredbe EU iz oblasti zastite životne sredine moraju biti ugrađene u pravne sisteme nacionalnih zakonodavstva ovih zemalja. Do sada su urađene razlicite pripremne radnje u harmonizaciji legislative u navedenoj oblasti.
[Genetic study on somatotype of child and adolescent twins in Han nationality].

OBJECTIVE To assess the genetic and environmental influences on the somatotype of children and adolescents, and the effects of sex and age. METHODS The components of somatotype were calculated by using Heather-Cater method in a total of 376 twin pairs of Han nationality, including 245 monozygotic (MZ) and 131 like-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 6 to 18 years. Model-fitting method by Mx package was performed to evaluate the proportion of variance components and to analyze the effects of sex and age on each component of somatotype using the adjusted data for other two somatotype components. The heritability of each component in different development periods divided by growth spurt was also evaluated. RESULTS The estimated heritabilities of endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic components were 0.45, 0.80, 0.44 in boys, 0.82, 0.79 and 0.81 in girls respectively after adjusting age. In boys, the heritability of endomorphic component during late puberty was significantly higher than that during pre-puberty (t = 4.99, P < 0.01) and puberty (t = 6.16, P < 0.01), while the heritability of ectomorphic component during late puberty was significantly lower than that during pre-puberty (t = 3.35, P < 0.01) and puberty (t = 4.12, P < 0.01). In girls, the heritability of endomorphic (t = 2.77, P < 0.01) or mesomorphic (t = 2.08, P < 0.05) component during pre-puberty was significantly higher than that in early puberty. CONCLUSION The genetic influence on somatotype of girls should be much more than that of boys, especially on the endomorphic and ectomorphic components. For boys, the mesomorphic component is mainly determined by genetic factors, but the other components are mainly affected by environmental ones. The effects of the development periods on the heritability of somatotype should be paid much attention to.
Genetic variations of bile salt transporters as predisposing factors for drug-induced cholestasis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and therapeutic response of viral hepatitis

Introduction: Drug-induced cholestasis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and viral hepatitis are acquired forms of liver disease. Cholestasis is a pathophysiologic state with impaired bile formation and subsequent accumulation of bile salts in hepatocytes. The bile salt export pump (BSEP) (ABCB11) is the key export system for bile salts from hepatocytes. Areas covered: This article provides an introduction into the physiology of bile formation followed by a summary of the current knowledge on the key bile salt transporters, namely, the sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide NTCP, the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), BSEP and the multi-drug resistance protein 3. The pathophysiologic consequences of altered functions of these transporters, with an emphasis on molecular and genetic aspects, are then discussed. Expert opinion: Knowledge of the role of hepatocellullar transporters, especially BSEP, in acquired cholestasis is continuously increasing. A common variant of BSEP (p.V444A) is now a well-established susceptibility factor for acquired cholestasis and recent evidence suggests that the same variant also influences the therapeutic response and disease progression of viral hepatitis C. Studies in large independent cohorts are now needed to confirm the relevance of p.V444A. Genome-wide association studies should lead to the identification of additional genetic factors underlying cholestatic liver disease.
Work‐related hand eczema in atopics

549 individuals with severe (group I). 406 with moderate (group 2)atopic dermatitis in childhood. 222 with respiratory allergy hut no a topic dermatitis in childhood (group 3), and 199 without personal of family atopy (group 4) were studied as to occupational health symptoms due to hand eczema. In groups 1, 2 and 4, there was a slightly significant difference (p < 0.05) between the frequency of hand eczema in individual with and without Occupational exposure in chemicals, water, soil or wear (friction). Despite no such work. 55% in group 1 and 44% in group 2 had developed hand eczema About 1/4 of the atopics in extreme risk occupations, such is ladies hairdressers and nursing assistants, had dot developed band eczema.
Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Regulates Oct4 and Nanog Expression, Cell Shape, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Potency

Defining the signaling mechanisms that regulate the fate of adult stem cells is an essential step toward their use in regenerative medicine. Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling plays a crucial role in specifying mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) commitment to mesenchymal lineages. Based on the hypothesis that selective inhibition of signaling pathways involved in differentiation may increase stem cell potency, we examined the role of PDGFR signaling in controlling the fate of human MSCs. Using a small molecular PDGFR inhibitor that induced MSCs toward a more rounded shape, expression of Oct4 and Nanog were markedly upregulated. In these PDGFR inhibitor‐treated MSCs, Oct4 and Nanog expression and cell shape were regulated by janus kinase (JAK), MAPK kinase (MEK), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Under defined differentiation conditions, these PDGFR‐inhibited MSCs expressed definitive endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal markers. We also confirmed that depletion of individual PDGF receptors upregulated expression of Oct4A and Nanog. This study identifies PDGFR signaling as a key regulator of Oct4 and Nanog expression and of MSC potency. Thus, inhibiting these specific receptor tyrosine kinases, which play essential roles in tissue formation, offers a novel approach to unlock the therapeutic capacity of MSCs. STEM CELLS 2012;30:548–560
The development of the Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI) and its use among primary-care attenders with common mental disorders

Background. Recent anthropological studies have documented the importance of understanding the relation of culture to the experience of mental illness. The use of interviews that elicit explanatory models has facilitated such research, but currently available interviews are lengthy and impractical for epidemiological studies. This paper is a preliminary report on the development of a brief instrument to elicit explanatory models for use in field work. Method. The development of the SEMI, a short interview to elicit explanatory models is described. The interview explores the subject's cultural background, nature of presenting problem, help-seeking behaviour, interaction with physician/healer and beliefs related to mental illness. Results. The SEMI was employed to study the explanatory models of subjects with common mental disorders among Whites, African-Caribbean and Asians living in London and was also used in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data from its use in four different ethnic groups is presented with the aim of demonstrating its capacity to show up differences in these varied settings. Conclusions. The simplicity and brevity of the SEMI allow for its use in field studies in different cultures, data can be used to provide variables for use in quantitative analysis and provide qualitative descriptions.
The Yeast Vps10p Cytoplasmic Tail Mediates Lysosomal Sorting in Mammalian Cells and Interacts with Human GGAs*

Yeast Vps10p is a receptor for transport of the soluble vacuolar hydrolase carboxypeptidase Y to the lysosome-like vacuole. Its functional equivalents in mammalian cells are the mannose 6-phosphate receptors that mediate sorting to lysosomes of mannose 6-phosphate-containing lysosomal proteins. A chimeric receptor was constructed by substituting the cytoplasmic domain ofM r 300,000 mannose 6-phosphate receptor with the Vps10p cytoplasmic tail. Expression of the chimera in cells lacking endogenous mannose 6-phosphate receptors resulted in a subcellular receptor distribution and an efficiency in sorting of lysosomal enzymes similar to that of the wild type M r 300,000 mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Moreover, the cytoplasmic tail of the Vps10p was found to interact with GGA1 and GGA2, two mammalian members of a recently discovered family of clathrin-binding cytosolic proteins that participate in trans-Golgi network-endosome trafficking in both mammals and yeast. Our findings suggest a conserved machinery for Golgi-endosome/vacuole sorting and may serve as a model for future studies of yeast proteins.