Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetric Searchable Encryption with Efficient Conjunctive Keyword Search

Searchable encryption is a cryptographic protocol for searching a document in encrypted databases. A simple searchable encryption protocol, which is capable of using only one keyword at one time, is very limited and cannot satisfy demands of various applications. Thus, designing a searchable encryption with useful additional functions, for example, conjunctive keyword search, is one of the most important goals. There have been many attempts to construct a searchable encryption with conjunctive keyword search. However, most of the previously proposed protocols are based on public-key cryptosystems which require a large amount of computational cost. Moreover, the amount of computation in search procedure depends on the number of documents stored in the database. These previously proposed protocols are not suitable for extremely large data sets. In this paper, we propose a new searchable encryption protocol with a conjunctive keyword search based on a linked tree structure instead of public-key based techniques. The protocol requires a remarkably small computational cost, particularly when applied to extremely large databases. Actually, the amount of computation in search procedure depends on the number of documents matched to the query, instead of the size of the entire database.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli flagellin‐induced interleukin‐8 secretion requires Toll‐like receptor 5‐dependent p38 MAP kinase activation

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging enteric pathogen that causes acute and chronic diarrhoea in a number of clinical settings. EAEC diarrhoea involves bacterial aggregation, adherence to intestinal epithelial cells and elaboration of several toxigenic bacterial mediators. Flagellin (FliC‐EAEC), a major bacterial surface protein of EAEC, causes interleukin (IL)‐8 release from several epithelial cell lines. The host response to flagellins from E. coli and several other bacteria is mediated by Toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR5), which signals through nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) to induce transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. p38 mitogen‐activating protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) is a member of a family of stress‐related kinases that influences a diverse range of cellular functions including host inflammatory responses to microbial products. We studied the role of p38 MAPK in FliC‐EAEC‐induced IL‐8 secretion from Caco‐2 human intestinal epithelial cells and THP‐1 human monocytic cells. We found that IL‐8 secretion from both cell types is dependent on p38 MAPK, which is phospho‐activated in response to FliC‐EAEC. The role of TLR5 in p38 MAPK‐dependent IL‐8 secretion was verified in HEp‐2 cells transiently transfected with a TLR5 expression construct. Activation of interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK) was also observed in Caco‐2 and TLR5‐transfected HEp‐2 cells after exposure to FliC‐EAEC. Finally, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced IL‐8 transcription and mRNA levels, but did not affect NF‐κB activation. Collectively, our results suggest that TLR5 mediates p38 MAPK‐dependent IL‐8 secretion from epithelial and monocytic cells incubated with FliC‐EAEC, and that this effect requires IL‐8 promoter activation independent of NF‐κB nuclear migration.
Channel characterization for unmanned aircraft systems

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, or by the misnomer “drones,” are seeing explosive growth, and this growth is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Hence numerous entities are involved with research, design, and testing to ensure safe and reliable UAS operation in the worldwide airspace. Since many UAS will be small and highly maneuverable, air-ground channel conditions will differ from - and often be more challenging than - those of traditional piloted aircraft, where ground sites are in open areas with tall antenna towers. Thus new research is required to accurately characterize the air-ground channel. We provide motivation for accurate air-ground channel characterization and modeling, and briefly define the main characteristics of the air-ground channel. Various channel modeling options are described. We provide example air-ground channel measurement results from our work with NASA, discuss initial air-ground channel models, and future work.
Correction: High Diversity in Cretaceous Ichthyosaurs from Europe Prior to Their Extinction

The images for Figures 17, 18, 19, and 20 were incorrectly switched. The image that appears as Figure 17 should be Figure 19, the image that appears as Figure 18 should be Figure 20, the image that appears as Figure 19 should be Figure 17, and the image that appears as Figure 20 should be Figure 18.
A New Measurement of Complexity for Studying EEG Mutual Information

We used to use Kolmogrov Complexity (KC) to study the EEG mutual information transmission. But while doing this calculation, a series needs coarse graining which usually results in losses of lots of significant details. Therefore, a new measurement of complexity, named C_(0) complexity, is proposed. As we know, complex time series can be considered consisting of regular and random components. Then C_(0) complexity is defined as a ratio of the areas of the random components with time axis and the whole complex series with time axis. This new complexity measurement avoids coarse graining during calculation. It can define better the dynamic nature of the series. The key point calculate C_(0) complexity is how to find the regular time series from a complex one.
The Putative Leishmania Telomerase RNA (LeishTER) Undergoes Trans-Splicing and Contains a Conserved Template Sequence

Telomerase RNAs (TERs) are highly divergent between species, varying in size and sequence composition. Here, we identify a candidate for the telomerase RNA component of Leishmania genus, which includes species that cause leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. Merging a thorough computational screening combined with RNA-seq evidence, we mapped a non-coding RNA gene localized in a syntenic locus on chromosome 25 of five Leishmania species that shares partial synteny with both Trypanosoma brucei TER locus and a putative TER candidate-containing locus of Crithidia fasciculata. Using target-driven molecular biology approaches, we detected a ∼2,100 nt transcript (LeishTER) that contains a 5′ spliced leader (SL) cap, a putative 3′ polyA tail and a predicted C/D box snoRNA domain. LeishTER is expressed at similar levels in the logarithmic and stationary growth phases of promastigote forms. A 5′SL capped LeishTER co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized with the telomerase protein component (TERT) in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Prediction of its secondary structure strongly suggests the existence of a bona fide single-stranded template sequence and a conserved C[U/C]GUCA motif-containing helix II, representing the template boundary element. This study paves the way for further investigations on the biogenesis of parasite TERT ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and its role in parasite telomere biology.
Implant success remains high despite grafting voids in the maxillary sinus.

OBJECTIVES Given that the nature and presence of voids present within grafted sinuses following maxillary sinus elevation procedures were not known, nor was the contribution of these factors to implant success, the purpose of this study was to investigate these parameters and their relationship to implant success. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study evaluated data from 25 subjects who had a lateral window maxillary sinus augmentation procedure. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed at baseline and 4 months after surgery. CBCT images were used to evaluate grafted sites prior to implant placement. Using CBCT images, three examiners independently measured bone-grafted areas (BG), void areas (V), and percentage of void areas (V%) from six different sections within grafted sites. The six sections were defined as a cross-sectional (CS) midpoint, CS mesial point, CS distal point, horizontal section (HS) low point, HS midpoint, and HS high point. Implant success was also determined. RESULTS The calculated V% (V/BG) for the CS midpoint, CS mesial point, CS distal point, HS low point, HS midpoint, and HS high point were 5.30 ± 6.67%, 5.79 ± 8.51%, 6.67 ± 7.12%, 2.07 ± 2.56%, 5.30 ± 6.62%, and 4.92 ± 5.17% respectively. Implant success after 6 months of follow-up approximated 100%. CONCLUSIONS Although voids within grafts varied in terms of distribution and size, the V% within the HS low point were significantly smaller compared to those within the CS midpoint and CS distal point, which had the most intra-subject V%. Thus, more attention should be given to the distal aspect of the sinus when compacting graft materials in the lateral wall sinus augmentation procedure. Implant success was not influenced by the existence of voids as implant success remained high.
Autogenous artery grafts in hypertensive (SHR) rats do not have increased smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in the graft neointima, compared with grafts in normotensive rats

Vein‐to‐artery graft surgery is used widely to by‐pass arterial stenoses, but such grafts can fail over a prolonged period as a result of excessive neointimal hyperplasia causing thrombosis and graft occlusion. It has been suggested that neointimal hyperplasia, in vein grafts, is a result of the vessel wall adapting to the higher intraluminal pressure of the arterial circulation, compared with the venous circulation. Autologous artery grafts have been used to bypass arterial stenoses. Initially it was assumed that donor artery segments would not develop neointimal hyperplasia as they are already adapted to the arterial circulation but this is not so. In this study we postulated that surgical or postsurgical trauma was the cause of neointimal hyperplasia in autologous artery‐to‐artery grafts. In addition, as artery grafts are pre‐adapted to the arterial circulation, autologous artery‐to‐artery grafts in hypertensive rats should develop similar levels of neointimal hyperplasia as seen in normotensive rats. Artery‐to‐artery grafts were placed in a series of 20 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In a separate series of sham grafting experiments the effects of anoxia and clamp trauma were assessed in SHR and WKy normotensive control rats. Finally, clamping, anoxia and anastomosis trauma were assessed in a similar series of rats. In the artery‐to‐artery graft series there was no difference in neointimal thickness between the SHR and that previously reported for normotensive rats. Minimal neointimal hyperplasia was demonstrated in the sham grafted series of rats and only slightly more in the single anastomosis series. It was only in the full grafting procedure that considerable neointimal hyperplasia developed. These data demonstrate that neointimal hyperplasia in artery‐to‐artery grafts is not exacerbated by the hypertension. In addition, trauma appears to be the initiator of neointimal hyperplasia and the extent of trauma correlates with the degree of neointimal hyperplasia.
HandVis: Visualized Gesture Support for Remote Cross-Lingual Communication

Effective communication between those who are not fluent in a non-native language can potentially be quite difficult. The common language selected to be used throughout an exchange can encumber those who might not speak it as proficiently as others. Remote communication further heightens the difficulty since less channels are available for communication. We introduce HandVis, a video conferencing interface that visualizes elements of hand gesture, such as trajectory and amount. Gesture is intended to be a communicative tool that can compensate for language deficits. The results of a user study indicate how HandVis can be utilized constructively by less-proficient speakers during cross-lingual communication.
Retroviral vector particles displaying the antigen-binding site of an antibody enable cell-type-specific gene transfer

Retroviral vectors are the most efficient tool for stably introducing genes into vertebrate cells. However, their use is limited by the host range of the retrovirus from which they are derived. To alter the host range, we recently constructed retrovirus vector particles, derived from spleen necrosis virus, that display a single-chain antigen-binding site of an antibody (scA) on the viral surface (T.-H. T. Chu, I. Martinez, W. Sheay, and R. Dornburg, Gene Ther. 1:292-299, 1994). Using a hapten (2,4-dinitrophenol) model system, we showed that such particles are competent for infection. In this study, we repeated our experiments using an scA directed against a cell surface protein expressed on various human carcinoma cell lines. We found that such scA-displaying particles can efficiently infect human cells that express the corresponding antigen. Particles with wild-type spleen necrosis virus envelope are minimally infectious on such cells. The addition of the original monoclonal antibody to the viral vector particle solution prior to infection inhibited infection. This competition assay showed that the infection is mediated by the antibody moiety and, therefore, is antibody specific. These data indicate that retroviral vectors with antibody-envelope fusion proteins may be a valuable tool for selectively introducing genes into any target cell.
First Case of Systemic Coronavirus Infection in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Peru

Summary A domestic ferret from Lima, Peru, died after ten days of non‐specific clinical signs. Based on pathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis, ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV)‐associated disease was diagnosed for the first time in South America. This report highlights the potential spread of pathogens by the international pet trade.
Rising incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States.

CONTEXT Clinical surveys have revealed that incidental detection of renal cell carcinoma is rising because of increased use of imaging procedures. OBJECTIVE To examine incidence, mortality, and survival trends of renal cell and renal pelvis cancers by age, sex, race, and tumor stage at diagnosis. DESIGN Calculation of age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates, along with 5-year relative survival rates, using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Patients diagnosed as having kidney cancer from 1975 through 1995 in the 9 geographic areas covered by tumor registries in the SEER program, which represent about 10% of the US population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence, mortality, and 5-year relative survival rates by time periods. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence rates for renal cell carcinoma between 1975 and 1995 for white men, white women, black men, and black women were 9.6, 4.4, 11.1, and 4.9 per 100000 person-years, respectively. The corresponding rates for renal pelvis cancer were 1.5, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.5 per 100000 person-years. Renal cell cancer incidence rates increased steadily between 1975 and 1995, by 2.3% annually among white men, 3.1 % among white women, 3.9% among black men, and 4.3% among black women. Increases were greatest for localized tumors but were also seen for more advanced and unstaged tumors. In contrast, the incidence rates for renal pelvis cancer declined among white men and remained stable among white women and blacks. Although 5-year relative survival rates for patients with renal cell cancer improved among whites but not among blacks, kidney cancer mortality rates increased in all race and sex groups. CONCLUSIONS Increasing detection of presymptomatic tumors by imaging procedures, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, does not fully explain the upward incidence trends of renal cell carcinoma. Other factors may be contributing to the rapidly increasing incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States, particularly among blacks.
A Distributed Dynamic Channel Assignment and Routing Framework for Cognitive Sensor Systems

SUMMARY With the increase of the number of wireless sensing or metering devices, the collection of sensing data using wireless communication becomes an important part of a smart grid system. Cognitive radio technology can be used to facilitate the deployment of smart grid systems. In this paper, we propose a data collection and dissemination framework for cognitive radio smart grid systems to fully utilize wireless resources while maintaining a reliably connected and e ﬃ cient topology for each channel. In the proposed framework, each sensor node selects a channel considering the primary user (PU) channel utilization and network connectivity. In this way, the data collection and dissemination can be performed with a high reliability and short delay while avoiding a harmful e ﬀ ect on primary users. We use computer simulations to evaluate the proposed framework.
Hypertonic Resuscitation Modulates the Inflammatory Response in Patients With Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock

Objective:To determine the effect of resuscitation with hypertonic saline/dextran (HSD) on the innate immune response after injury. Summary of Background Data:Hypovolemic shock causes a whole body ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to dysregulation of the inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Hypertonicity has been shown to modulate the innate immune response in vitro and in animal models of hemorrhagic shock, but the effect on the inflammatory response in humans is largely unknown. Methods:Serial blood samples were drawn (12, 24, 72 hours and 7 days after injury) from patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of traumatic hypovolemic shock, HSD (250 mL) versus lactated Ringer's solution (LR) as the initial resuscitation fluid. Neutrophil (PMN) CD11b/CD18 expression was assessed via whole blood FACS analysis with and without stimulation (fMLP 5 &mgr;mol/L or PMA 5 &mgr;mol/L). PMN respiratory burst was assessed using the nitro-blue tetrazolium assay. Monocytes stimulated with 100 ng LPS for 18 hours were assessed for cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1&Bgr;, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12). Results:Sixty-two patients (36 HSD, 26 LR) and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. CD11b expression, 12 hours after injury, was increased 1.5-fold in patients resuscitated with LR compared with controls. Those resuscitated with HSD had a significant reduction in CD11b expression 12 hours after injury, compared with LR. There was no difference in respiratory burst early after injury. Monocytes from injured patients expressed lower levels of all cytokines in comparison to normal controls. Patients give HSD showed a trend toward higher levels of IL-1β and IL10 production in response to LPS, 12 hours after injury. Conclusion:HSD resuscitation results in transient inhibition of PMN CD11b expression and partial restoration of the normal monocyte phenotype early after injury.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND STROKE PREVENTION PRACTICES IN PATIENTS WITH CANDIDACY FOR ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY.

BACKGROUND Stroke secondary to Atrial Fibrillation is usually due to thrombi formed in the left atrium and left atrial appendage embolizing to cause ischemic stroke. Therefore, in patients with Atrial Fibrillation, antithrombotic therapy is recommended to prevent stroke. Vitamin K antagonist therapy is most widely used antithrombotic therapy for patients with valvular and non valvular AF. Aspirin is recommended only in low risk patients. This study was conducted to determine the stroke prevention practices in local patients with atrial fibrillation who were candidates for anticoagulation therapy. METHODS This was descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Cardiovascular Department Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Cardiology Department Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Sampling technique was non probability consecutive. Patients visiting OPD of respective hospitals with EKG evidence of AF and having CHADES VASC score 2 or more or having mitral stenosis and AF were included in the study. Patients with additional indications for anticoagulation were excluded from the study. RESULTS A total of 205 patients with atrial fibrillation were studied. Mean age was 60.7±14.7 years. Male were 55.6% (n=114) while 44.4% (n=91) were female. Of these 149 (72.7%) were candidates for anticoagulation based on CHA2DS2 VASc score of 2 and more or mitral stenosis with AF. Only 27.5% (n=41) patients were adequately treated with anticoagulant therapy using VKA or novel oral anticoagulant drugs. Majority of them were getting dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). CONCLUSION Most patients with AF and high risk characteristics for thromboembolism are not receiving proper stroke prevention therapies.
A Cryptic Sulfur Cycle in Oxygen-Minimum–Zone Waters off the Chilean Coast

Cryptic Sulfur Cycling Aerobic bacteria and ocean circulation patterns control the formation and distribution of oxygen-minimum zones at moderate depth in the oceans. These habitats host microorganisms that thrive on other metabolic substrates in the absence of oxygen—most commonly, metabolizing thermodynamically favorable nitrogen compounds like nitrate. Off the coast of Chile, however, Canfield et al. (p. 1375, published online 11 November; see the Perspective by Teske) suggest that bacteria may often reduce sulfate as well. Metagenomic sequencing revealed the presence of both sulfate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. With the coincidence of sulfate and nitrate reduction, the sulfur and nitrogen cycles may be intimately linked; for example, sulfate reduction could provide nitrogen-rich ammonium for bacteria that ultimately transform it into nitrogen gas. Bacterial sulfur reduction and oxidation accompanies nitrogen cycling where oxygen levels at depth are low. Nitrogen cycling is normally thought to dominate the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of oxygen-minimum zones in marine environments. Through a combination of molecular techniques and process rate measurements, we showed that both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation contribute to energy flux and elemental cycling in oxygen-free waters off the coast of northern Chile. These processes may have been overlooked because in nature, the sulfide produced by sulfate reduction immediately oxidizes back to sulfate. This cryptic sulfur cycle is linked to anammox and other nitrogen cycling processes, suggesting that it may influence biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean.
Ecological implications of reduced pollen supply in the alpine: a case study using a dominant cushion plant species

The reproductive assurance hypothesis states that self-incompatible female plants must produce twice the number of seeds relative to their self-compatible hermaphroditic counterparts to persist in gynodioecious populations. This is a viable life-history strategy, provided that pollination rates are sufficiently high. However, reduced pollination rates in alpine plants are likely due to climate induced plant-pollinator mismatches and general declines in pollinators. Using a gynodioecious population of the dominant plant Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae), we tested the reproductive assurance hypothesis and also the stress gradient hypothesis with a series of pollinator exclusion trials and extensive measurements of subsequent reproductive output (gender ratio, plant size, percent fruit-set, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, total seeds, seed weight, and seed germination). The reproductive assurance hypothesis was supported with female plants being more sensitive to and less likely to be viable under reductions in pollination rates. These findings are the first to show that the stress gradient hypothesis is also supported under a gradient of pollen supply instead of environmental limitations. Beneficiary abundance was negatively correlated to percent fruit-set under current pollen supply, but became positive under reduced pollen supply suggesting that there are important plant-plant-pollinator interactions related to reproduction in these alpine plant species.