Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dose Dependency of Fluvastatin Pharmacokinetics in Serum Determined by Reversed Phase HPLC

Background: Fluvastatin is an inhibitor of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, effectively lowering serum cholesterol concentrations. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed that determined the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin in healthy individuals after administration of 40 and 80 mg fluvastatin. Methods: The method was linear for serum concentrations between 10 ng/mL and 5,000 ng/mL, showing good coefficients of variations and sample stability. After administration of 40 mg fluvastatin, the mean values of the area under the serum concentration vs time curve (AUC), the maximum serum drug concentration (C,,4a), the time to reach CmaX (t.aJ, and the serum elimination half-life time were 528.5±8.8 ng/mL'h, 149.6 ±6.0 ng/mL, 60.0±30.0 minutes, and 108.0±7.9 minutes, respectively. The corresponding values for a dose of 80 mg fluvastatin were 1417.7 ±79.2 ng/mLh, 1024.7 +1085.1 ng/mL, 60.0 ±1.2 minutes, and 106.0 ±3.6 minutes, respectively. Doubling of the dose from 40 mg to 80 mg caused an overproportional increase of AUC and Cmax. Results and Conclusion: Results suggest that the measurement of fluvastatin serum concentrations by means of HPLC provides reliable data within the broad range of physiological serum concentrations. The pharmacokinetic data after administration of high doses (80 mg) showed an overproportional increase of AUC and Cm,,, suggesting a saturation of the hepatic first-pass effect. Thus, in patients treated with additional substances interfering with fluvastatin metabolism, fluvastatin serum concentrations should be analyzed.
Nosocomial Poisoning Associated with Emergency Department Treatment of Organophosphate Toxicity—Georgia, 2000

Emergency department (ED) staff caring for patients contaminated with toxic chemicals are at risk for developing toxicity from secondary contamination. This report describes three cases of occupational illnesses associated with organophosphate toxicity caused by exposure to a contaminated patient and underscores the importance of using personal protection equipment (PPE) and establishing and following decontamination procedures in EDs and other areas of acute care hospitals.
Audit Fees and Agency Costs: An Empirical Examination of Companies Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange

The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of agency costs of free cash flow (FCF) on audit fees and to examine the impact of growth level on the FCF and audit fees association. Data were collected from the financial statements of the manufacturing and services companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the year 2011. Out of a total of 124 companies listed on ASE, data of 110 companies were obtained. Of the sample, 44.5% whilst 55.5% of firms belonged to the service and manufacturing sectors, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between agency costs of FCF and audit fees, while the results documented a significant positive relationship between audit fees and both the corporate size and size of audit firm. Moreover, results revealed that firms’ growth level had no impact on the audit fees and FCF relationship.
Noncytopathic mutants of Newcastle disease virus

We have isolated a novel class of mutants of Newcastle disease virus which are less cytopathic than their virulent parent but are still capable of infectious virus production. Unlike wild-type virus, the mutants did not form plaques after 2 days of incubation; they did, however, make hemadsorbing spots. The mutants range in production of infectious virus from 10 to 200% of that of the wild type. They were less cytopathic in a single cycle of infection by light microscopy, loss of protein from the plate, and inhibition of total protein accumulation. All of the mutants exhibited extended mean embryo death times, a correlate of virulence in the adult animal.
Economic Factors Underlying the Unbundling of Advertising Agency Services

This paper addresses a longstanding puzzle involving the unbundling of services that has occurred over more than two decades in the U.S. advertising agency industry: How can the shift from the bundling to the unbundling of services be explained and what accounts for the slow pace of change? Using a cost-based theoretical framework of bundling due to Evans and Salinger (2005, 2008), we develop a simple model of an advertising agency’s decision to unbundle its services as a tradeoff between the fixed cost to the advertiser of establishing and maintaining a relationship with an advertising agency and pecuniary economies of scale available in providing media services. The results from an econometric analysis of cross-sectional and pooled data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau for quinquenial censuses conducted between 1982 and 2002 support the key predictions of the model. We find that advertising agency establishments are more likely to unbundle if they are large and diversified in their service offerings and are less likely to do so with increasing age and greater geographical scope. We also find a strong trend toward unbundling over time, a result that is partially explained by increases in media prices over time.
Effects of Coumarin, Thiopurines, and Pyronin Y on Amplification of Phleomycin-Induced Death and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Breakdown in Escherichia coli

Phleomycin (≤2 μg/ml) induces neither deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) breakdown nor cell death in stationary-phase Escherichia coli B cells, but the addition of 8 mm caffeine immediately initiates these changes in the same way as increasing the phleomycin concentration 10-fold. This phenomenon is termed “amplification” (6). Pyronin Y, a number of nontoxic thio- and mercaptopurines (of which the most active were 6,7- and 6,9-dimethyl-2-methylthiopurine), and coumarin have been found to be considerably more efficient amplifiers of phleomycin activity than caffeine. Thus 2 mm 6,7- and 6,9-dimethyl-2-methylthiopurine, 0.16 mm pyronin, and 4 mm coumarin killed 10 to 100 times more phleomycin-treated bacteria within 2 hr than 8 mm caffeine. As with caffeine, amplification of cell death by these compounds was accompanied by degradation of DNA to acid-soluble fragments. A number of compounds including 2,6-dichloropurine, 6-hydroxy-2-methylthiopurine, α-naphthol, β-naphthol, naphthionic acid, and α-naphthol-4,8-disulphonic acid inhibited the action of phleomycin, if they were present in the cell suspension during phleomycin treatment, but some caused amplification if added subsequent to the phleomycin. Although no mutants resistant to ≥10 μg of phleomycin per ml were observed among 1011E. coli B cells screened, such mutants occurred with a frequency of 10−6 to 10−7 among cultures resistant to 1 to 2 μg of phleomycin per ml. These double mutants were cross-resistant to phleomycin plus caffeine. The amplifying compounds, though structurally dissimilar, shared the common characteristic of binding selectively to denatured DNA as measured by equilibrium dialysis methods. The implications of these observations in supporting a model of phleomycin amplification proposed previously (6) and their utility in providing a logic for developing a new class of antibiotics are discussed.
Characterization of feed intake patterns during lactation in commercial swine herds.

This study created and used a data-base containing 25,719 farrowing and 19,393 subsequent litter records abstracted from the PigCHAMP records of 30 commercial farms and daily feed intake records of 25,040 of these lactating sows. Each lactation feed record was categorized into one of six patterns: RAPID, rapid increase in feed intake following farrowing; MAJOR, major drop in feed intake during lactation; MINOR, minor drop; LLL, low feed intake throughout lactation; LHH, low feed intake during the first week then increasing for the remainder of lactation; and GRADUAL, gradual increase in feed intake throughout lactation. At the herd level, patterns RAPID, MAJOR, MINOR, LLL, LHH, and GRADUAL were observed in 22.8%, 32.9%, 27.8%, 1.0%, 8%, and 14.7% of sows, respectively. On a sow basis, across all feed intake records of all farms, patterns RAPID, MAJOR, MINOR, LLL, LHH, and GRADUAL were observed at frequencies of 17.8%, 38.3%, 25.8%, 1.2%, 1.5%, and 15.4%, respectively. Using logistic regression, the risk factors affecting the occurrence of MAJOR and MINOR patterns were lower parity, thicker backfat, higher room temperature, and greater feed intake during early lactation. Average daily feed intake and the day of peak intake were 5.2 (1.4 SD) kg/sow and 12.6 (4.6 SD) d after farrowing. Regression coefficients of factors affecting ADFI derived from multiple regression analyses were 247 g for parity, 9 g for weaning litter weight (kg), -13 g for room temperature (degree C), 62 g for lactation length (d), and -. 4 g for energy density (kcal/kg). This study demonstrated substantial individual sow and farm variation in overall feed intake and pattern of feed intake during lactation. It also identified key risk factors (i.e., parity, lactation length, room temperature, weaning litter weights, energy density) for ADFI and pattern of feed intake on commercial farms.
Temporal variations of the postnatal rat urinary proteome as a reflection of systemic maturation

The rat kidney matures during the first 2 wk of life, suggesting that temporal variations in the urinary proteome may occur during this period. We describe the urine proteome during postnatal development in the rat and demonstrate specific proteomic changes corresponding to developmental milestones. Urine was collected from 30 rats at five postnatal (P) days of life (P1, P3, P7, P14, and >P30) by bladder aspiration. The proteome was assessed by nano‐ESI‐LC‐MS/MS. For identification, we used stringent criteria to provide a 1% false positive rate at the peptide level. The proteins in common at each time interval decreased during postnatal maturation. When comparing all five developmental times, six proteins were ubiquitously present. We detected 14 proteins involved with cellular adhesion, structure, or proliferation and differentiation only during neonatal development. Additionally, 30 proteins were specific to adults, of which 13 originated from the prostate or seminal vesicle. This is the first MS characterization of the normal urinary proteome in early postnatal rodent development that demonstrates distinct differences correlating with different stages of tissue maturation. Further characterization of the normal urinary proteome may provide the basis for identification of urinary biomarkers of diseases of the urinary tract.
New Patterns In Scheduling Working Time

Flexible work arrangements should focus on providing employees with more options for when and how they do their work. Organizations can provide a suite of flexible options to enable employees to choose the arrangements that best balance their work with family and lifestyle preferences. In this paper we intended to investigate the flexibilization process of working time determined by the new trends of work organization. For this purpose, the various aspects of working time in a company were analyzed in connection with the employee’s life cycle.
Regulating transcription regulators via allostery and flexibility

Allosteric control of transcriptional regulatory proteins enables organisms to respond to changes in environmental and metabolic conditions. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins sense the availability of a broad range of small molecules including metal ions, metabolites, and drugs with the final biological outcome of altering transcriptional activity of specific genes. This alteration of transcriptional activity is a direct consequence of the ability of the small molecule to elicit a change in the affinity of the transcription factor for its target regulatory site on DNA. Consistent with allosteric mechanisms in general, our understanding of molecular mechanisms by which small-molecule binding perturbs DNA binding by transcriptional regulatory proteins is incomplete. The article by Reichheld et al. (1) in this issue of PNAS provides evidence that the allosteric mechanism in the tetracycline repressor (TetR) is centered on the ability of the small ligand, tetracycline, to alter the folding properties of the repressor protein.
Long-term follow-up results of no initial therapy for ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.

BACKGROUND The majority of lymphomas in the ocular adnexa are low-grade B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Although radiotherapy is the most frequently applied management, cataract and dry eye are problematic complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1973 and 2003, the clinical features of 36 patients with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma with no symptoms who were managed with no initial therapy after biopsy or surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The median patient age was 63 years (range 22-84) and all patients had stage I disease, consisting of 31 unilateral cases and five bilateral cases. With a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 25 (69%) did not require treatment. The median time until the initiation of treatment in the remaining 11 patients (31%) was 4.8 years. Six patients (17%) died, and among them only two (6%) died due to progressive lymphoma. Seventeen patients (47%) progressed, but histologic transformation was recognized in only one (3%). The estimated overall survival rates of the 36 patients after 5, 10 and 15 years were 94%, 94% and 71%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In selected patients with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma, no initial therapy might be an acceptable approach, because 70% of patients remained untreated at a median of 8.6 years, and their survival was comparable to that of reports on immediate therapy.
Relationship Bank Behavior During Borrower Distress

This article provides a comprehensive examination of the time-series behavior of relationship banks around and during borrower distress. Relationship and outside loans have similar interest rates during distress and even 2 years prior to distress. Relative to outside loans in distress, relationship loans in distress have lower maturity. The fraction of bank lending given by relationship banks reduces during borrower distress. Overall, borrowers in distress do not derive benefits from relationship banks. These findings are inconsistent with models that suggest banks have an implicit commitment to help their borrowers in distress due to reputation concerns.
Acute lung injury after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: From the clinic, to the bench and back again

Abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is the only curative therapeutic option for a number of malignant and non‐malignant conditions, but the success of this treatment strategy is limited by several side effects. Diffuse lung injury is a major complication of SCT that responds poorly to standard treatment and significantly contributes to transplant related morbidity and mortality. Lung injury occurs in both acute and chronic forms and can be either infectious or non‐infectious in nature. Acute, non‐infectious lung injury following SCT has been defined as idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). This review will outline the clinical spectrum, risk factors, and pathogeneses of IPS and discuss how current approaches to therapy are being influenced by insights generated using animal models of disease.
High Diversity of the Viral Community from an Antarctic Lake

Shivering Viromes Despite its icy reputation, freshwater ponds and lakes do occur in Antarctica, and open freshwater can be found for a few brief weeks during the austral summer. The ecology of these lakes is, as expected, rather specialized to cope with the extreme seasonal conditions. In a metagenomic study, López-Bueno et al. (p. 858) inspected the virus community of Lake Limnopolar on Livingston Island and found an unexpectedly rich genetic diversity. A dominant group of previously unidentified single-stranded DNA viruses was found, and a striking shift after ice-melt in spring from single-stranded to double-stranded DNA viruses was observed, probably as their algal hosts started to bloom with increasing daylight hours. The diverse viruses may donate specialized genes that host organisms can also exploit to aid their survival under winter extremes of heat and light deprivation. Virus populations in polar freshwater lakes show marked shifts in composition during ice melt. Viruses are the most abundant biological entities and can control microbial communities, but their identity in terrestrial and freshwater Antarctic ecosystems is unknown. The genetic structure of an Antarctic lake viral community revealed unexpected genetic richness distributed across the highest number of viral families that have been found to date in aquatic viral metagenomes. In contrast to other known aquatic viromes, which are dominated by bacteriophage sequences, this Antarctic virus assemblage had a large proportion of sequences related to eukaryotic viruses, including phycodnaviruses and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses not previously identified in aquatic environments. We also observed that the transition from an ice-covered lake in spring to an open-water lake in summer led to a change from a ssDNA– to a double-stranded DNA–virus-dominated assemblage, possibly reflecting a seasonal shift in host organisms.
Structural Barriers to Emiratisation: Analysis and Policy Recommendations

Decades of rapid development on the Arabian Peninsula attracted numerous migrant workers who now dominate the labour markets. In the United Arab Emirates, expatriate workers take some 98 per cent of jobs in the private sector and 91 per cent in the public sector; Emirati nationals have the few remaining jobs, yet also have a high unemployment rate. The purpose of this research project is to identify the factors that enhance placement and retention of UAE nationals in Dubai’s workplace and propose a feasible strategy for greater job opportunities for UAE nationals and achieve an increased workforce participation. This study employs a theoretical framework based on three aspects of capital theory: human capital elements, that is, education, skills, and experience; social capital factors, such as gender inequality, nepotism and trust; and organisational capital variables, such as culture, English fluency and human resource management (HRM).
CLIR- and ontology-based approach for bilingual extraction of comparable documents

The exploitation of comparable corpora has proven to be a valuable alternative to rare parallel corpora in various Natural Language Processing tasks. Therefore many researchers have stressed the need for large quantities of such corpora and the scarcity of works on their compilation. This paper describes a CLIR-based method for automatic extraction of French-English comparable documents. At the start of the process, source documents are translated and most representative terms are extracted. The resulting keyword list is further enlarged with synonyms on the assumption that keyword expansion might improve the retrieval of such documents. Retrieval is performed on the indexed target collection and a further filtering step based mainly on temporal information and document length takes place. Preliminary results suggest that the employment of ontology could improve the performance of the system.
Evaluation of a Sibling-Mediated Imitation Intervention for Young Children With Autism

Parents and peers have been successful at implementing interventions targeting social interactions in children with autism; however, few interventions have trained siblings as treatment providers. This study used a multiple-baseline design across six sibling dyads (four children with autism) to evaluate the efficacy of sibling-implemented reciprocal imitation training. All six typically developing siblings were able to learn and use contingent imitation, four of the six siblings were able to learn and use linguistic mapping, and all six siblings increased their use of at least one component of the imitation training procedure. Three of the four children with autism showed increases in overall imitation and all four showed evidence of increases in joint engagement. Parents and siblings reported high satisfaction with the intervention, and ratings by naïve observers indicated significant changes from pre- to posttreatment. These results suggest that sibling-implemented reciprocal imitation training may be a promising intervention for young children with autism.
Pulmonary hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease and Eisenmenger syndrome: current advanced management strategies

The presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) increases morbidity and reduces survival in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). PAH-CHD is a heterogeneous condition, depending on the type of the underlying defect and previous repair strategies. There is growing evidence of the benefits of PAH-specific therapy in the PAH-CHD population, but despite recent advances mortality rates remain relatively high. In the last years, an increasing focus has been placed on patients with PAH-CHD and net left-to-right shunt. Currently, there are limited data to guide the management of these patients and uncertainty on the cut-off values for eventual defect closure. Pregnancy conveys significant risks in PAH-CHD patients: appropriate counselling and care, including psychological support and a multidisciplinary team, should be part of the routine management of women with PAH-CHD of reproductive age. Some subgroups, such as patients with Down's syndrome, Fontan circulation and ‘segmental’ pulmonary hypertension, present particular challenges in terms of management and therapy. The current review focuses on contemporary treatment strategies in PAH-CHD patients with particular emphasis on challenging patient groups and conditions.