Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of DENN/MADD, a TNF receptor binding protein, correlates with neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease brain and hippocampal neurons

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and mitogen-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (MAPK/JNK) pathways are both implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Increased expression of several members of the TNF pathway and JNK activation of c-Jun ultimately result in neuronal apoptosis. DENN/MADD, a multifunctional domain protein expressed in neurons, interacts with both the p55 TNF receptor (TNFR) type 1 and JNK3, placing it at a critical juncture in regulating signaling of neurodegeneration. We examined expression and interactions of the TNFR1 binding proteins, DENN/MADD, and TNFR-associated death domain (TRADD) protein in AD-affected tissues and cell cultures. We found reduced DENN/MADD and increased TRADD expression immunohistochemically in the hippocampus in areas of AD pathology compared to normal controls but little intraneuronal colocalization. In brain homogenates, DENN/MADD protein and mRNA expression was significantly reduced in AD compared to controls. Conversely, TRADD, TNFR1, and activated JNK were increased. Murine neuroblastoma and rat hippocampal cultures stressed with Aβ1–42 and the cortices of AD transgenic mice (Tg2576Swe) each showed decreased DENN/MADD expression and TRADD up-regulation in the mice, compared to controls. DENN/MADD antisense treatment of cultured rat hippocampal neurons reduced endogenous DENN/MADD and promoted neuronal cell death. DENN/MADD and TRADD competitively bound to TNFR1 when overexpressed in N2A cells, with DENN/MADD abrogating TNFR1 binding to TRADD. DENN/MADD may therefore be protective by inhibiting TRADD-induced apoptotic cell death. Reduction of DENN/MADD may affect long-term neuronal viability in AD by allowing TRADD mediation of TNFR1 signaling in response to oxidative or cytokine-promoted stresses.
Digoxin in atrial fibrillation: report from the Stockholm Cohort study of Atrial Fibrillation (SCAF)

Background Recent studies of patients with heart failure and of patients receiving intensive care indicate that digoxin may increase mortality if the patient has atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective To study which patients receive digoxin treatment for AF and what the prognosis is for patients given this treatment. Method 2824 patients with AF were studied prospectively for a mean of 4.6 years. Information about medication was obtained from the local hospital registry. Information about diagnoses, hospitalisations and deaths was obtained from national registries. Propensity score matching and Cox regression was used to account for confounding. Results Factors associated with digoxin use were permanent AF (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.2, confidence interval (CI) 2.7 to 3.9), absence of pacemaker (HR = 2.3, CI 1.6 to 3.2), history of heart failure (HR = 2.0, CI 1.7 to 2.5), treatment in an internal medicine ward rather than a cardiology ward (HR = 1.6, CI 1.3 to 2.0), female sex (HR = 1.6, CI 1.3 to 1.9) and age ≥80 years (HR = 1.4, CI 1.1 to 1.7). More patients with than without digoxin died (51% vs 31%, p<0.001). After adjustment for covariates, however, no disadvantages related to digoxin use could be found for all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, time to readmission to hospital or days at hospital/year at risk. The only end point significantly associated with digoxin use was pacemaker implantations, which were more common in digoxin-treated patients (HR = 2.0, CI 1.2 to 3.4). Conclusion Digoxin is mainly given to an elderly and frailer subset of patients with AF and is thus associated with an increased mortality. When differences in patient characteristics are accounted for digoxin use seems to have a neutral effect on mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients with AF.
Transcriptional activation of NtcA-dependent promoters of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 by 2-oxoglutarate in vitro

The transcription factor NtcA is a global regulator of nitrogen homeostasis in cyanobacteria. It thus positively regulates the expression of genes related to nitrogen assimilation such as glnA (which encodes glutamine synthetase) and ntcA itself in response to nitrogen shortage or depletion. The binding of NtcA to the glnA and ntcA promoters of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 in vitro now has been shown to be enhanced by 2-oxoglutarate. In vitro analysis of gene transcription also revealed that the interaction of NtcA with its promoter element was not sufficient for activation of transcription, and 2-oxoglutarate was required for transcriptional initiation by NtcA. Given that the intracellular concentration of 2-oxoglutarate is inversely related to nitrogen availability, it is proposed that this metabolite functions as a signaling molecule that transmits information on cellular nitrogen status to NtcA and thereby regulates the transcription of genes related to nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria.
Noradrenergic regulation of immediate early gene expression in rat forebrain: differential effects of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor drugs.

Noradrenergic (NAergic) transmission in the rat cerebral cortex has recently been shown to be involved in the regulation of the basal expression of NGFI-A, an immediate early gene (IEG) which encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor. The present study further investigated the role of the NAergic system in mediating cortical IEG expression and possible topographical changes in expression of NGFI-A mRNA in rat forebrain after alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist and antagonist treatment. Expression of c-fos and c-jun, which encode leucine-zipper class transcription factors, was also studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with either an alpha 1-AR agonist (methoxamine, 5 or 10 mg/kg); an alpha 1-AR antagonist (prazosin, 5 mg/kg); an alpha 2-AR agonist (clonidine, 0.5 mg/kg); or an alpha 2-AR antagonist (methoxyidazoxan, 5 mg/kg) and killed after 1 h. IEG mRNA levels were detected by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S-labelled oligonucleotides. High basal levels of NGFI-A mRNA were present in cortical layers IV and VI, hippocampal CA1, piriform cortex, amygdala and caudate putamen. alpha 1-AR agonist and antagonist treatment had essentially no effect on IEG mRNA, despite producing characteristic behavioral and peripheral effects at the doses used. Methoxyidazoxan significantly increased (mean%) NGFI-A mRNA in: cerebral cortex (44); caudate putamen (82); amygdala (92); and CA1 of hippocampus (48), while clonidine significantly decreased NGFI-A mRNA in the various cortical layers to a similar extent (27-37%). Basal c-fos mRNA expression was lower than that for NGFI-A in forebrain areas including cortex, caudate putamen and hippocampus. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevalence of short stature in Saudi children and adolescents

Background and Objective: Data on stature in Saudi children and adolescents are limited. The objective of this report was to establish the national prevalence of short stature in Saudi children and adolescents. Design and Setting: Community-based, cross-sectional study conducted over 2 years (2004, 2005) Patients and Methods: The national data set of the Saudi reference was used to calculate the stature for age for children and adolescents 5 to 18 years of age. Using the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) reference, the prevalence of moderate and severe short stature was defined as the proportion of children whose standard deviation score for stature for age was less than -2 and -3, respectively. In addition, the 2000 Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the older 1978 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO references were used for comparison. Results : Using the 2007 WHO reference, sample size in the Saudi reference was 19 372 healthy children and adolescents 5 to 17 years of age, with 50.8% being boys. The overall prevalence of moderate and severe short stature in boys was 11.3% and 1.8%, respectively; and in girls, 10.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The prevalence of moderate short stature was 12.1%, 11% and 11.3% in boys and 10.9%, 11.3% and 10.5% in girls when the 1978 WHO, the 2000 CDC and the 2007 WHO references were used, respectively. Conclusions : The national prevalence of short stature in Saudi children and adolescents is intermediate compared with the international level. Improvement in the socioeconomic and health status of children and adolescents should lead to a reduction in the prevalence of short stature.
Data Pattern Tutor for AprioriAll and PrefixSpan

Data mining can be described as data processing using sophisticated data search capabilities and statistical algorithms to discover patterns and correlations in large pre-existing databases (Agrawal & Srikant 1995; Zhao & Sourav 2003). From these patterns, new and important information can be obtained that will lead to the discovery of new meanings which can then be translated into enhancements in many current fields. In this paper, we focus on the usability of sequential data mining algorithms. Based on a conducted user study, many of these algorithms are difficult to comprehend. Our goal is to make an interface that acts as a “tutor” to help the users understand better how data mining works. We consider two of the algorithms more commonly used by our students for discovering sequential patterns, namely the AprioriAll and the PrefixSpan algorithms. We hope to generate some educational value, such that the tool could be used as a teaching aid for comprehending data mining algorithms. We concentrated our effort to develop the user interface to be easy to use by naïve end users with minimum computer literacy; the interface is intended to be used by beginners. This will help in having a wider audience and users for the developed tool. BACKGROUND
The Evolution of C++: 1985 to 1989

The Ct+ Programming Language [Stroustrup 1986] describes Cr+ as defrned and implemented in August 1985. This paper describes the growth of the language since then and clarifies a few points in the defrnition. It is emphasized that these language modifications are extensions; Cr+ has been and will remain a stable language suitable for long term software development. The main new featurei of Cr-+ are: multiple inheritance, type-safe linkage, better resolution of overloaded functions, recuriive definition of assignment and initialization, better facilities for user-defrned memory management, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, protected members, overloading of operator ->, and pointers to members. These features are provided in the 2.0 release of Cr+. This paper is a revised and expanded version of a paper with a similar title. prer. iið¿ "t the USENIX C++ Workshop in Sanla Fe, New Mexico, November 1987. @ Computing Systems,Vol. 2'No. 3'Summer 1989 191
The Bibbulung Gnarneep Project: practical implementation of guidelines on ethics in Indigenous health research

In reply: The service-oriented nature of the Drug and Therapeutic Information Service (DATIS) determined that a quasi-experimental design had to be used for its evaluation. We agree with Frank that, in theory, it would be interesting to further gauge patient outcomes from changed medical practices within our service area. Unquantifiable negative patient outcomes could indeed have occurred as a result of our work, but the ethical requirement to use only de-identified data for evaluation prevented us from exploring such possibilities in greater detail. However, our messages for the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) program centred around better management of risks associated with NSAID use, not simply reduced use of this class of drug. As stated in our article,' we also discussed with doctors the identification of circumstances when use of NSAIDs was necessary despite relative contraindications. The effects of our program were observed over five years, and it seems improbable that any doctor would allow a patient to suffer suboptimal analgesia for such extended periods. Possibly the most important conclusion about which we concur with Frank is that reduction in patient admissions to hospital as a consequence of bleeding upper gastrointestinal tract is an important positive health outcome.
Electric vehicles charge forward

This article reviews the status of electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEVs) worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies. The importance of the integration of technologies of automobile, electric motor drive, electronics, energy storage and controls, and the importance of the integration of society strength from government, industry, research institutions, electric power utilities, and transportation authorities are addressed. The challenged of EV commercialization is discussed. EV is a multidisciplinary subject involving broad and complex aspects. However, it has core technologies; chassis and body technology, propulsion technology, and energy source technology. The electric propulsion system is the heart of the EV. It consists of motor drive, transmission and controller, plus the integration with engine power train in the case of the HEV.
Assessment of the Wii Basic Balance Test in measuring postural deficits post-concussion

Background and Aim: To evaluate the Wii Basic Balance Test (WBBT), as a tool for detecting postural instability in athletes with concussions. Methods: Seventy-nine healthy physically active controls (NORM) (mean age 21.23 ± 1.78), and fifty-six athletes with concussions (CONC) (mean age 19.39 ± 2.145) participated in this study. All participants performed the Wii Basic Balance Test, which requires the participants to shift weight mediolaterally to maintain a red bar within a blue area denoted on the screen for three seconds during set levels of difficulty. CONC were included in the study within 24-48 hours of the initial concussion injury. Seven one-way ANOVAs assessed differences for each (1) Mean total number of WBBT Levels completed (TL), (2) Mean total seconds to complete all WBBT Level (TT), (3) Time to complete Level 1 (LI), (4) Time to complete Level 2 (L2), (5) Time to complete Level 3 (L3), (6) Time to complete Level 4 (L4), (7) Time to complete Level 5 (L5). Results: CONC completed significantly fewer Levels of the WBBT (p=0.032) when compared to NORM. Athletes with Concussions took a significantly longer time to complete LI (p=0.002) when compared to CONC. Post-hoc Chi-Square analysis determined a significantly greater (p=0.015) proportion (39%) of CONC successfully completed WBBT L5 when compared to the proportion (19%) of CONC. Follow up ROC curves revealed an Sn = 0.392 and an Sp = 0.821 for TL with a cutoff value of 4 levels, Sn=0.875 and an Sp = 0.253 for LI with a cutoff value of 4.4 seconds, and Sn = 0.804 and an Sp = 0.392 for those who successfully completed the WBBT L5. Conclusions: WBBT could be a low cost object method of assessing postural instability within 24-48 hours post-concussion. Relevance for patients: This data could provide health providers with an alternative method to measure the presence of postural instability post-concussion injury.
Bringing Back Hieroglyph

Nowadays, with the evolution of different messaging and texting services, people are able to express their emotion while typing or texting using emoticons. Keeping this fact in mind, in this paper we propose to use graphics to represent different words or object in images. It is similar to hieroglyph used by Egyptians long ago. In the era of tablets, wearable devices and smart phones the sketches are more and more used to retrieve images or words from the personal collection of images. We propose a neural network architecture to mine as much information as possible from the graphics to map it to the relevant images.
T-helper 1-type immunity to trophoblast in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with unexplained recurrent abortion (URA) produce T-helper 1 (TH1)-type cytokines in response to trophoblast antigens. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Medical center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 244 women with URA, 13 reproductively normal parous control women, and 10 men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Supernatants from trophoblast-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all participants were tested for toxic effects on mouse embryos and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Supernatants from 20 URA patients with embryotoxic activity and IFN-gamma, 13 reproductively normal parous women, and 10 men were further tested by ELISA for other TH1-type cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumor necrosis factor-beta [TNF-beta]), TH2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), and TNF-alpha. RESULTS Embryotoxic activity was detected in supernatants from 160 of 244 URA patients and in none of the controls. Interferon gamma was detected in supernatants from 125 of 244 URA patients and was significantly associated with embryotoxicity (121 of 160 supernatants with embryotoxicity vs four of 84 supernatants without embryotoxicity [P < .001]). Of 20 supernatants from patients chosen for further study, all were positive for TNF-alpha, 17 for TNF-beta, two for IL-10, and one for IL-4. No cytokines were detected in supernatants from unstimulated or red blood cell membrane-activated cells of women with URA. In contrast, trophoblast-activated lymphocyte supernatants from reproductively normal women and men neither were embryotoxic nor contained TH1-type cytokines, but most contained the TH2-type cytokine IL-10. Three supernatants from reproductively normal women also contained IL-4. CONCLUSION Whereas TH1-type immunity to trophoblast is associated with URA and may play a role in reproductive failure, TH2-type immunity may be a natural response to trophoblast contributing to successful pregnancy.
Critical Cases Faced by Mental Health Nurses and Assistant Nurses in Psychiatric Hospitals in Greece

Background: Psychiatric Nurses and nurses’ assistants working in an inpatient unit experience a significant number of critical cases. A small number of studies have explored which patients’ problems nurses perceive as ‘critical case or incident’ and particularly which interventions they choose. Aim: The aim of the research was 1. To identify the clinical problems that mental health nurses and assistant nurses characterize as critical 2. To report the main nursing interventions 3. To investigate the main person involved in the critical incident. Material-Method: Critical incident technique was used as a method of data collection. Content analysis was carried out in order nurses’ information to be categorized into subcategories. The sample consisted of 35 mental health nurses and nurses’ assistants who work in psychiatric acute inpatient wards. Results: Nurses identified ten types of critical incidents. They noted violence (verbal, physical) by patients and psychotic symptoms to be the most critical situations. Nurses were the main person involved in these incidents. The study also described eight nursing interventions used by nurses when faced with critical events. Conclusions: The findings indicated that mental health nurses and assistant nurses working in acute inpatient wards are called to confront a variety of critical incidents in their every day practice. Further research is necessary to identify in-depth nursing interventions and decision-making used in these situations.
System analysis and optimization of a pressure control for a hydraulic-Clutch-Brake-Combination actuated with a linear drive

This paper deals with the analysis of an electro-hydraulic system and conception of a pressure control. The controlled system consists of a permanetmagnet linear actuator, a hydraulic pressure line and a Clutch-Break-Combination (CBC). The linear actuator generates a force which causes the pressure in the hydraulic line. Depending on the system-pressure, the Clutch-Brake-Combination brakes or clutches with a different torque. Because of the integrated prestressed springs of the CBC, the controlled system is very nonlinear. In addition there are different disturbances, which makes it hardly controllable. The linear actuator is driven with a standard inverter.
What is the Government doing to improve outcomes for patients with bowel cancer?

Bowel cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality [1,2] and requires over 50% of a specialist colorectal surgeons’ time in the UK [3]. EUROCARE studies have shown large differences in survival from bowel cancer between USA, Europe and the UK, which is now thought to be due to the diagnosis of late stage disease rather than suboptimal treatment [4]. It has been suggested that this is due to poor access to investigation and treatment [4] although deprivation and lifestyle may also play an important role [5–7]. The document published by the ACPGBI on ‘Resources for Coloproctology’ (http://www.acpgbi.org.uk) outlined what was required to provide a high quality of care for patients with colorectal disease. Based on this report a postal survey was organized, which demonstrated serious shortages in the number of surgeons, pathologists and oncologists as well as colorectal specialist nurses, which together with the shortages of inpatient beds and theatre time can result in serious delays in the bowel cancer patient’s journey. This has not been reduced by the DoH 2-week standard [8]. The UK Government has recognized these serious deficits in resources and is committed to correct these problems to bring the UK into line with the rest of Western Europe and the USA, and have significantly increased spending to achieve this. Several measures have been taken to make sure the increased funding is directed to those areas most likely to improve outcomes.
MTTE-based motion stabilization control for in-wheel motor electric vehicles

In the motion control of electric vehicles, it has been demonstrated that Direct Yaw Moment Control (DYC) is an effective and practical way to enhance the two-dimensional stabilization of electric vehicles. However, most of the research did not provide a complete approach to calculate the input variables, that is, the effective driving torques, the vehicle velocity, and the road-tire fiction coefficient. This study shows that the traction control based on Maximum Transmission Torque Estimation (MTTE) can not only constrain the slip to improve the longitudinal friction force and lateral friction force, but also provide some information on tire-road conditions, which can ensure the performance and the effectiveness of two-dimensional motion control. Additionally, this paper proposes a new DYC based on MTTE technology for electric vehicles. The experiments on traction control, the numerical simulation of the whole control system, and the theoretical analysis demonstrated its effectiveness and feasibility will be presented.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Health care providers prescribe skeletal muscle relaxants for a variety of indications. However, the comparative efficacy of these drugs is not well known. Skeletal muscle relaxants consist of both antispasticity and antispasmodic agents, a distinction prescribers often overlook. The antispasticity agents—baclofen, tizanidine, dantrolene, and diazepam—aid in improving muscle hypertonicity and involuntary jerks. Antispasmodic agents, such as cyclobenzaprine, are primarily used to treat musculoskeletal conditions. Much of the evidence from clinical trials regarding skeletal muscle relaxants is limited because of poor methodologic design, insensitive assessment methods, and small numbers of patients. Although trial results seem to support the use of these agents for their respective indications, efficacy data from comparator trials did not particularly favor one skeletal muscle relaxant over another. Therefore, the choice of a skeletal muscle relaxant should be based on its adverse‐effect profile, tolerability, and cost.