Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Key analysis errors and airborne wind lidar observations

Inaccurate initial conditions can produce significant fore cast failures of numerical weather prediction models. An iterative algorithm that uses the adjoint forecast model and is aimed at minimizing the forecast error leads to the so-called key analysis errors (KAEs). Assuming that forecast error growth is dominated by the analysis error, the KAEs are assumed to represent that part o f the analysis error that is primarily responsible for a poor forecast. Thus, KAEs should indicate how to improv e an analysis. In addition, analysis errors can be identified by monitoring the differences of observati ons and analysis fields (analysis departures). The purpose of this study is to gain a further understanding of th e s ructure of KAEs and to investigate the question to what degree KAEs are related to analysis errors. Airborne Doppler wind lidar (DWL) observations over the Northern Atlantic collected during the Atlantic THORPE X Regional Campaign (A-TReC) are analysed to evaluate these considerations. These observations were passively monitored and actively assimilated in experiments using the ECMWF global model to form the basis fo r the computation of analysis departures and analysis differences. Results confirm that analysis dep artures and KAEs optimized for both the Northern hemisphere and a predefined forecast domain are not correlat ed. Qualitative comparisons also show large differences in structure and magnitude of KAEs and analysis departures. Nevertheless, primarily in view of the different magnitude of KAEs and analysis departures, th ere is no basis for rejecting the hypothesis that KAEs are actually embedded in, and an important fast-growin g part of the true analysis errors.
Automatic Recognition of Correctly Pronounced English Words using Machine Learning

Speech recognition is a form of human machine communication where interpreting speech is done by the computer. This research deals with the problem of recognizing correct pronunciation of words in English. In view of using this technology to help in education, the researchers gathered voice samples from middle graders and they labelled them based on ground-truth, English, pronunciation data from Google. The words were based from the current curriculum of the samples. The words were also clustered according to syllables to see how the model performs as the complexity of the words to be recognized is increased. Since there are numerous voice or speech features to consider, the researchers selected three of the known feature extraction techniques subjected for evaluation. Results show that the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient with Linear Predictive Coding model have better performance with high and stable recognition rates compared to the other models. It was also observed that the model only needs four syllables to reach its optimum 100% recognition rate when recognizing English words. To make the model more robust to noise, an automatic signal segmentation approach is needed to detect the significant components of the signal for analysis.
Nitrogen Dynamics of Vermicompost Use in Sustainable Agriculture

Vermicomposting is a process where worms are used to transform organic waste products into fertilizers for agricultural use and as soil amendments to improve soil health. Vermicompost is used in agriculture as both an organic fertilizer and a soil amendment due to its large biological component and abundant nutrient concentrations, in particular nitrogen (N). Vermicomposts promote soil microbial biodiversity by inoculating the soil with a wide array of beneficial microbes, which can enhance plant growth by the production of plant growth-regulating hormones and enzymes while also controlling plant pathogens and nematodes, all of which can minimize crop yield losses. Current and historical studies have evaluated many vermicompost types for their ability to increase crop growth, development, and fruit quality across a wide range of field and greenhouse crops. Many of these studies conclude that crop response to vermicompost can meet or exceed crop response to conventional rates of synthetic fertilizers. Vermicompost use has therefore been increasingly considered in conventional and organic agricultural systems as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers to decrease N losses. However, it is difficult to determine the short and long-term effects to soil N cycling with increased vermicompost use in agriculture. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of vermicompost on N dynamics in laboratory and agricultural settings. In particular, the physical, chemical and biological means of N cycle alteration following vermicompost use is examined, with emphasis on the ability of vermicomposts to influence N leaching. We find conflicting results regarding the influence of vermicomposts on soil N dynamics, in particular the influence of vermicompost on soil N flux over short and long time scales. We find evidence for both soil N retention and leaching with vermicompost use, largely contingent on rate of application and vermicompost type. The differences in chemical, biological and physical properties between vermicompost types along with a wide range of recommended rates of application may pose problems for large-scale adaptation of vermicompost use in commercial agriculture. It is important to determine a proper “goldilocks” rate of vermicompost amendment for crop systems that supports high crop yield while minimizing N leaching. We conclude that much research still needs to be performed in laboratory and field settings to study N dynamics with vermicomposts. Key words: Organic fertilizer, organic matter, nitrate sorption, nitrification, nitrogen immobilization, nitrate leaching.
Peripheral Muscle Dysfunction in Interstitial Lung Disease: A Scoping Study

Purpose: To characterize the state of the evidence for peripheral muscle dysfunction in individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Method: A scoping study was performed by searching multiple electronic databases for published papers and conference abstracts of any study design that included a measure of peripheral muscle dysfunction and/or structural and metabolic characteristics of muscle. All sub-types of ILD were eligible. Result: Forty-five studies representing 2522 individuals with 34 sub-types of ILD were included in this study. Data were charted using descriptive numerical analysis of study characteristics. Peripheral muscle dysfunction was predominantly reflected by reduced volitional isometric strength (17 studies), whereas the evaluation of muscle endurance was rare (2 studies). Volitional muscle force or torque was measured in the quadriceps (14 studies) and handgrip (8 studies), with strength preferentially reduced in the lower limbs. Eight studies measured structural or metabolic characteristics and found evidence of reduced muscle size and oxidative stress. Findings of muscle injury and muscle inflammation (e.g. serum markers, electromyography and muscle biopsies) were reported primarily in individuals with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and connective tissue diseases. Conclusions: Reduced volitional muscle strength was the most common finding of peripheral muscle dysfunction in ILD. Further quantification of peripheral muscle dysfunction and identification of structural and metabolic characteristics are needed to target specific interventions and optimize muscle function.
Threat of Subterranean Termites Attack in the Asian Countries and their Control: A Review

This review focuses on the study of subterranean termites as structural and building pests especially in Asia Tropical countries. Since wood is one of the oldest, most important and most versatile building materials and still widely utilized by home owners in the region. Subterranean termites have long been a serious pest of wooden construction and they are still causing an important problem in most of tropical and subtropical regions. This termite group is build shelter tubes and nest in the soil or on the sides of trees or building constructions and relies principally on soil for moisture. Subterranean termite damage on building and other wooden structure cause costs associated with the prevention and treatment of termite infestation. Termite control, thus, is a realistic problem not only for human life but also for conservation of natural environment. All countries especially Asian countries are now seeking for the safer chemicals or the more effective methods for termite control. A huge amount of research in recent years has been devoted to termite control technologies to reduce environmental contamination and the risk to human health.
Study on the influence of high salts content on fungal treatment of saline wastewaters

We investigate in this study an assay of aerobic treatment of wastewaters from the sea-foodprocessing industry with selected strains of white rot fungi. Because the effluent was highly charged with salts, the effect of high salts concentrations on growth and enzyme production for Trametes trogii and Phanerochaete chrysosporium was firstly studied. Results showed that the two selected strains tolerated high concentrations of NaCl up to 20 g l-1 for both mycelia growth and enzymes production. The production of laccase by T. trogii was inhibited by 50% for 30 g l-1 of added NaCl (512 mM). The enzyme production inhibition was less important for MnP and LiP produced by P. chrysosporium. On the other hand, the industrial wastewaters, not highly charged with organic matter (COD ¼ 3 g l-1), contained 25 g l-1 of salts and 0.3 g l-1 of ammonia. But, the wastewaters were toxic according to microtoxicity and phytotoxicity tests since the percentage of bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri (% BI) was 60% and .
KINETIC STUDY OF PHOTODEGRADATION OF Azo DYES WITH TiO2 UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT

In this work, two mono azo dyes : 4-(2- benzoic acid azo )-m-amino phenol (BAMAP), and 4-(2-benzoic acid azo)-P-amino phenol (BAPAP)have been synthesized and identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. UV-Visible absorption spectra were recorded and some physical and chemical properties have been listed. The photodegradation of dyes was investigated by using the light of tungsten lamp in presence and absence of titanium dioxide (anatase). It has been found that the increasing of TiO2 mass caused an increasing in photodegradation of two dyes until the optimum mass (2gm/l) was reached. Also, the results indicate, that the basic media give more photodegradation rate than acidic medium, moreover ,the effect of temperatures in the range (298 323K) on degraded dye was studied ,and the activation energy of photodegradation processes was calculated from Arrhenius plot which equal 35.82KJ. mol -1 for BAMAP and 32.11KJ. mol -1 for BAPAP.The results showed the photoreaction is 1 st order ,with decomposition constant equal 2.362x10 -4 min -1 for BAMAP and 2.826x10 -4 min -1 for BAPAP at 298k and neutral medium. Generally, it has been found that the rate of photodegradation of BAPAP is more than BAMAP, and the decolonization rate of the two dyes was higher in presence of TiO2 suspension.
- 1207 An Empirical Estimation of Statistical Inferences for System Dynamics Model Parameters

For system dynamics simulation (SD) models, an estimation of statistical distributions for uncertain parameters is crucial. These distributions could be used for testing models sensitivity, quality of policies, and/or estimating confidence intervals for these parameters. Assumptions related to normality, independence and constant variation are often misapplied in dynamic simulation. Bootstrapping holds a considerable theoretical advantage when used with non-Gaussian data for estimating empirical distributions for unknown parameters. Although it is a widely acceptable approach, it has had only limited use in system dynamics applications. This paper introduces an application of Direct Residual Bootstrapping (DRBS) for statistical inference in system dynamic model. DRBS has been applied successfully to ‘The Irish Elderly Patient Delayed Discharge’ dynamic model to estimate empirical distribution for some unknown parameters with a minimal computation effort. The computational results show that bootstrapping offers an efficient performance in cases of no availability of prior information of model parameters.
The Investigation and Comparison of the Performance of Heuristic Methods in the Prediction of the Type of Auditor’s Opinion in Firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

Stock companies play a key role in the economy of any country and the success of these companies depends to a great degree on investors and creditors’ interest who invest in them. Auditors’ reports assume a special position in the decisions taken by investors and creditors. Therefore, the importance of offering high quality information with a view on recent events in the firms (bankruptcy and dissolution, financial scandals, loses suffered by creditors, etc.) becomes clear; moreover, audit reports can prevent these events by creating certain signals. To this end, modern heuristic methods for the prediction of the type of auditor’s opinion are offered in this paper. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of probabilistic neural network method and to compare it with artificial neural network in order to identify and predict the type of independent auditor’s opinion in Iran in the time period of 2009 to 2013. The patterns used to predict the type of independent auditor’s opinion can be divided into different categories-these categories are becoming more complex and more advanced: single-variable models, multi discriminant analysis, regression function, neural networks, etc. neural networks are getting increasing popularity among researchers for their non-linear and non-parametric properties. Therefore, modern approaches are used in this study to predict the type of auditor’s opinion.
Maintenance of horse embryonic stem cells in different conditions

Summary Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are originally derived from the ICM of blastocysts and are characterized by their ability to self-renew and their pluripotencies. Only a few reports have been published on ESC isolations and line establishment in animals, even fewer in horses. However, it is still important to isolate equine ESCs for animal biotechnology and therapeutic applications. In the present study, we tried to derive horse ESC lines from the ICM of blastocysts fertilized in vivo and maintain their pluripotencies in different conditions. The primary horse ESCs were able to self-renew when they were cultured in basic medium on γ-irradiated MEFs. After 15 passages, immunohistochemistry of the putative horse ESCs showed that some cells in the colonies were positive for Oct-4, SSEA-1, GCTM-2, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81. Moreover, to optimize the culture conditions, these putative horse ESCs were cultured in basic medium supplemented with human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) only, human basic fibroblastic growth factor (hbFGF) only, or hbFGF plus hLIF with or without heterologous (MEF) feeder cells. Based on our results, the heterologous feeder (MEF) cells are necessary to maintain the undifferentiated state for horse ESCs, and ESC-like cell morphology of horse ESCs were well maintained in the basic medium supplemented with or without hLIF. This result suggested that hLIF was neither prerequisite nor negative for maintenance of horse ESCs; bFGF seemed to be negative for maintenance of horse ECSs and the combination of hLIF and bFGF was unable to improve the culture condition.
Holiday Effects During Quiet and Turbulent Times

The objective of the paper is to examine the possible holiday effects in the stock returns from a group of 28 countries. In our investigation we employ daily values of some representative indexes from January 2000 to December 2011. We split this sample in two sub-samples: before and during the global crisis. We identify the pre or the post holiday effects using regressions with dummy variables. The results indicate significant changes from the pre-crisis period to the crisis period. We find that such changes were more consistent in the case of emerging markets in comparison with the advanced financial markets.
Evaluation of Atmospheric Electric Field as Increasing Seismic Activity Indicator on the example of Caucasus Region

The present paper deals with reliability of a gradient of atmospheric electric field potential as an indicator of seismic activity increase. With this in view, records of atmospheric electric field potential gradients of Caucasus region for 1953-1992 with respect to periods before average and large earthquakes, which took place in the same time interval, were considered. It is worth to pay attention to the fact that the avalanche-like unstable model of fault formation based on theoretical model of self-generated seismo-electromagnetic oscillations of LAI system explains convincingly spectral succession of electromagnetic emission frequency of the periods preceding earthquakes.
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Mapping Areas Favourable for Fadama Farming in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeira

Because of the important and scarcity of fadama land as well as needs for sustainable development, mapping of areas favourable for fadama farming is likely to be reliable step towards effective fadama farming and rural development in Gwagwalada area. In this study Remote Sensing and GIS techniques were utilized to map out areas that can be favourable for fadama farming. Four steps were followed in mapping areas that are favourable for fadama farming (i) the vector maps were first scanned into Microsoft word software from where it was transferred into the ILWIS GIS software and were digitized on-screen to generate digital contour lines of the area. The digitized contours were then interpolated in the ILWIS GIS software to generate the DTM of the study area, (ii) areas of different elevations that were identifiable on the created DTM were digitized to produce a segment map showing areas of different elevation characteristics, (iii) three bands (band 1 Red, band 2 Green, and band 3 Infrared) data of the Landsat TM image of the area was transformed into a true colour composite image which was digitally classified using ILWIS 3.2 GIS software, (iv) the segment map produced showing area favourable for fadama farming was overlaid on the DTM, Unclassified and Classified Landsat TM image in order to show areas that are favourable to fadama farming. The results obtained shows that, (i) areas lying below 181m above sea level along the banks of River Usuma and other rivers are considered favourable for fadama farming, (ii) the result shows that areas favourable to fadama farming decreases towards the northern part. The potential fadama land in the study area covers 21.8% of the entire study. This study demonstrated that validated remote Sensing and GIS techniques are efficient and adequate tools for mapping areas favourable for fadama farming.
Salt Stress Treatment and Salt Exposure time Altered Physiological Characteristics in Thai Rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica)

The objective of this study was to investigate physiological responses in Thai rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) varieties. Two Thai rice varieties (Homjan and Pathumthani 1), three NaCl concentrations (0, 171, 342 mM) and three salt exposure times (2, 4, 8 days) were designed in a 2×3×3 Factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. This study showed that the root and leaf osmotic potential in HJ and PT1 seedlings were severely reduced when NaCl concentration and salt exposure time were increased. The photosynthetic pigment concentrations and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were significantly decreased with increasing the salt stress treatment and salt exposure time. Moreover, these results exhibited that the decrease in photosynthetic pigment concentrations and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in PT1 salt-stressed seedlings were higher than that in HJ salt-stressed seedlings. The reduction of photosynthetic pigment concentrations and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in both HJ and PT1 salt-stressed seedlings resulted in the growth reduction. These results demonstrated that the differences of physiological responses in rice may be further used in identifying salt tolerance ability in Thai rice.
Lessons fromMulticenter Studies on CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer ’ s Disease

Several single-center studies have confirmed the usability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), even in early disease stages. Large scale multicenter studies have principally confirmed this, although such studies have also indicated the presence of significant intercenter and interlaboratory variations in biomarker measurements. Such variations may hamper the development of biomarkers and their introduction into clinical routine practice. Recently a quality control program run by the Alzheimer’s Association was started in order to harmonize procedures of laboratories world-wide. This program provides both standardized guide lines and external control CSF samples, and will allow longitudinal evaluation of laboratory performance.
INTEGRATING ROUNDTABLE BRAINSTORMING INTO TEAM PAIR SOLO TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS ’ PARTICIPATION IN WRITING OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS

The objectives of the study are to find out the application of integration of roundtable brainstorming into team pair solo technique in writing of descriptive texts and to investigate the improvement of students’ participation and achievement after taught by using the integration of the techniques. This study was an action research which was carried out through a preliminary study, first and second cycle activities. The subjects of this study were VII grade students of State Junior High School no.1 Semaka, Tanggamus, Lampung consisting of thirty two students. To collect the data, the researcher used instruments inform of interview, observation sheets, writing tests, and questionnaires. The findings of the research showed that students’ participation improved from the preliminary study, first and second cycle. In the preliminary study there were twenty six students classified as poor, six students classified as fair and no student classified as good in participation. While in the first cycle there were three students classified as fair and twenty nine students classified as good in participation and in the second cycle all students were classified as good in participation. The students’ writing also improved. The average score of students writing in the preliminary study was 53.31, first cycle was 64.41, and second cycle was 72.56.
STUDY OF SIMPLIFIED THRESHOLD VOLTAGE OF ALGAN/GAN HEMT MODEL AND EFFECT OF CF4 BASED PLASMA TREATMENT ON HEMT PERFORMANCE

This paper presents impact of CF4 plasma treatment on AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) parameters as threshold voltage, 2DEG density, drain current, trans conductance, drain trans conductance, and body trans conductance. Using CF4 plasma treatment, the threshold voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs can be continuously changed from −3.5 V in a conventional depletionmode (D-mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMT to 0.4 V in an enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The study results confirm that the threshold-voltage shift originates from the incorporation of F ions in the AlGaN barrier.