Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Misregulation of Stromelysin-1 Expression in Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells Accompanies Acquisition of Stromelysin-1-dependent Invasive Properties*

Stromelysin-1 is a member of the metalloproteinase family of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes that regulates tissue remodeling. We previously established a transgenic mouse model in which rat stromelysin-1 targeted to the mammary gland augmented expression of endogenous stromelysin-1, disrupted functional differentiation, and induced mammary tumors. A cell line generated from an adenocarcinoma in one of these animals and a previously described mammary tumor cell line generated in culture readily invaded both a reconstituted basement membrane and type I collagen gels, whereas a nonmalignant, functionally normal epithelial cell line did not. Invasion of Matrigel by tumor cells was largely abolished by metalloproteinase inhibitors, but not by inhibitors of other proteinase families. Inhibition experiments with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides revealed that Matrigel invasion of both cell lines was critically dependent on stromelysin-1 expression. Invasion of collagen, on the other hand, was reduced by only 40-50%. Stromelysin-1 was expressed in both malignant and nonmalignant cells grown on plastic substrata. Its expression was completely inhibited in nonmalignant cells, but up-regulated in tumor cells, in response to Matrigel. Thus misregulation of stromelysin-1 expression appears to be an important aspect of mammary tumor cell progression to an invasive phenotype.
Chronic Maternal Undernutrition in the Rat Leads to Delayed Postnatal Growth and Elevated Blood Pressure of Offspring

To determine the effects of chronic maternal undernutrition on postnatal somatic growth and blood pressure, pregnant dams were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatment groups. A control group was fed ad libitum throughout pregnancy and a restricted group was fed 30% of ad libitum intake. From birth, feeding was ad libitum in both groups, and litter size was adjusted to eight pups per litter. Litter size was not significantly altered by the reduced maternal intake. Offspring of the restricted fed group were significantly smaller than offspring from the ad libitum fed group from birth until 12 wk of age, but by 30 wk had similar body weights. Blood pressure was measured by tail cuff plethysmography. Offspring from the restricted fed group were found to have significantly (p < 0.05) elevated systolic blood pressure (5-8 mm Hg) at 30, 48, and 56 wk of age. These data demonstrate that nutritional deprivation in the pregnant rat leads to changes in postnatal allometric growth patterns, to delayed catch-up growth, and to elevated blood pressure in adulthood. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that poor maternal nutrition in pregnancy may irreversibly alter programming of the development of cardiovascular homeostasis.
Biological Properties of Streptococcal Cell-Wall Particles III. Dermonecrotic Reaction to Cell-Wall Mucopeptides

Abdulla, Essa M. (University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill), and John H. Schwab. Biological properties of streptococcal cell-wall particles. III. Dermonecrotic reaction to cell-wall mucopeptides. J. Bacteriol. 91:374–383. 1966. —Intradermal injection of rabbits and guinea pigs with mucopeptide suspensions produced an acute necrotic lesion which reached maximal severity within 24 hr and gradually subsided with scar formation. Necrosis was evident within 4 hr after injection of 100 μg, and an indurated area (10 × 10 mm) was produced with as little as 5.0 μg. Mucopeptides from six bacterial strains were studied. Comparison of cell walls and derived mucopeptides showed that the acute necrotic lesion tended to be more severe as the residual polysaccharide was decreased. Hyperimmunization with mucopeptide reduced the acute reaction, with evidence of immunological specificity. Incubation with lysozyme also modified the reaction in relation to extent of digestion. Toxicity was related to particle size, since extended sonic vibration decreased activity. Histological sections showed intense accumulations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, along with altered collagen. A chronic nodular lesion appeared about 7 days after injection of the intact cell-wall fragments. In contrast to the acute necrotic reaction, this lesion was rarely produced by the mucopeptide separated from polysaccharide.
Different Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Polymorphism in Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas among Caucasian and Asian Populations: A Meta-Analysis

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an immunoregulatory cytokine involved in B- and T-cell function, and also plays an important role in inflammation and cancer. TNF-α-308G>A has been associated with constitutively elevated TNF-α expression. Several studies have reported the association between the TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) risk, however, results are still inconsistent. To solve these conflicts, we conducted the first meta-analysis to assess the effect of TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism on the risk of NHL and various subtypes (additive model) including 10,619 cases and 12,977 controls in Caucasian and Asian populations. Our meta-analysis indicated that TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism is not associated with NHL risk when pooling all studies together (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.92–1.23, p = 0.413). In stratified analyses, we found TNF-α-308A allele was significantly associated with higher risk of NHL, B-cell lymphomas (BCL), T-cell lymphomas (TCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) in Caucasians (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.40, p = 0.007; OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.34, p = 0.014; OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01–1.42, p = 0.040; OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11–1.32, p < 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, it was associated with decreased risk of NHL, BCL and DLBCL in Asians (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.86, p < 0.001; OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.94, p = 0.018; OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.86, p = 0.001). These findings also suggest TNF-α might play a distinct role in pathogenesis of NHL in different populations.
Usage of Tests in an Open-Source Community: A Case Study with Pharo Developers

During the development, tests ensure the good behavior of applications and improve their quality. We studied developers testing behavior inside the Pharo community with the purpose to improve it. In this paper, we start from related works to enhance our comprehension of test habits in our open source community. We report results of a field study on how often developers use tests in their daily practice, whether they make use of tests selection and why they do. Results are strengthened by interviews with the developers involved in the study. The main findings are that developers run tests after every modifications of a method; most of the time they practice test selection (instead of launching an entire test suite). However, they are not accurate in their selection. They change their selection depending on the duration of the tests and; contrary to expectation, test selection is not influenced by the size of the test suite.
Assessment of executive functioning in brain injury: Collaboration between speech-language pathology and neuropsychology for an integrative neuropsychological perspective

Background: Executive functioning (EF) deficits are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These deficits extend beyond the acute stages of recovery and pose a significant challenge in rehabilitation efforts. Current theories of EF propose a multidimensional construct. This paper provides an integrative theoretical framework with interactive dimensions for the assessment and treatment of EF that can assist the interdisciplinary team to successfully manage EF deficits secondary to TBI. Methods: This paper is a review of pertinent literature related to assessment of EF. It concludes with a case presentation that illustrates the utility of the proposed theoretical framework in the rehabilitation context. Conclusions: Formal neuropsychological, standardized psychometric measures and informal clinical observations, particularly as they relate to contextual assessment, should be incorporated in order to effectively assess EF difficulties in survivors of TBI. The paper concludes with recommendations for effective assessment and treatment of EF by the interdisciplinary team consisting of speech-language pathologists and neuropsychologists.
The case for ICT work-integrated learning from graduates in the workplace

An online survey of recent ICT graduates in the workplace was carried out as part of a recent project funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council. The survey was concerned with the ICT curriculum in relation to workplace job requirements and university preparation for these requirements. The survey contained quantitative and qualitative components and findings from the former have been published (Koppi et al., 2009). This paper reports on a quantitative comparison of responses from graduates who had workplace experience and those who did not, and a qualitative analysis of text responses from all ICT graduates to open-ended questions concerning the curriculum and their perceived university preparation for the workplace. The overwhelming response from ICT graduates in the workplace was for more industry-related learning. These industry relationships included industry involvement, workplace learning and business experience, up-to-date teaching and technologies, practical applications, and real-world activities. A closer relationship of academia and industry was strongly advocated by ICT graduates in the workplace.
BI‐RADS MRI Enhancement Characteristics of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Abstract: To identify the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent breast MRI for newly diagnosed breast carcinoma prior to surgery was conducted. This yielded 381 lesions in 361 patients with pathologic confirmation of either DCIS alone, invasive carcinoma alone, or mixed invasive and in‐situ disease. Presence or absence of a MRI lesion at the site of the documented carcinoma was recorded, and for all identified MRI lesions the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System morphology patterns were recorded. MRI features of the different malignancy types were compared utilizing Fisher’s exact tests; 64/381 (16.8%) lesions had DCIS, 101/381 (26.5%) had invasive carcinoma, and 216/381 (56.7%) had mixed invasive/in situ carcinoma. A MRI lesion corresponding to the known cancer was identified in 55/64 (85.9%) cases of DCIS, 98/101 (97.0%) cases of invasive carcinoma, and 212/216 (98.1%) cases of mixed invasive and in‐situ carcinoma. For pure DCIS lesions, 38/64 (59.4%) exhibited nonmass‐like enhancement (NMLE), 9/64 (14.1%) were masses, and 8/64 (12.5%) were a focus. For pure invasive carcinomas 79/101(78.2%) were masses, 16/101 (15.8%) were NMLE, and 3/101 (3.0%) were a focus. For mixed lesions 163/216 (75.5%) were masses, 44/216 (20.4%) demonstrated NMLE, and 5/216 (2.3%) were a focus. The most common NMLE patterns of pure DCIS were segmental distribution and clumped internal enhancement. Although there is overlap in the MRI morphology and enhancement pattern of in situ and invasive breast carcinoma, DCIS more frequently manifests as NMLE than does invasive carcinoma.
Predictive monitoring for early detection of sepsis in neonatal ICU patients

Purpose of review Predictive monitoring is an exciting new field involving analysis of physiologic data to detect abnormal patterns associated with critical illness. The first example of predictive monitoring being taken from inception (proof of concept) to reality (demonstration of improved outcomes) is the use of heart rate characteristics (HRC) monitoring to detect sepsis in infants in the neonatal ICU. The commercially available ‘HeRO’ monitor analyzes electrocardiogram data from existing bedside monitors for decreased HR variability and transient decelerations associated with sepsis, and converts these changes into a score (the HRC index or HeRO score). This score is the fold increase in probability that a patient will have a clinical deterioration from sepsis within 24 h. This review focuses on HRC monitoring and discusses future directions in predictive monitoring of ICU patients. Recent findings In a randomized trial of 3003 very low birthweight infants, display of the HeRO score reduced mortality more than 20%. Ongoing research aims to combine respiratory and HR analysis to optimize care of ICU patients. Summary Predictive monitoring has recently been shown to save lives. Harnessing and analyzing the vast amounts of physiologic data constantly displayed in ICU patients will lead to improved algorithms for early detection, prognosis, and therapy of critical illnesses.
A Reversible Poly-Phase Distributed VCO

A reversible 24-phase closed-loop distributed VCO is implemented in 90nm 10M triple-well 1.2V CMOS using co-planar transmission lines as delay elements. The measured tuning range is 10.4 to 11.4GHz, the phase noise is -96.65dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, and the circuit uses 70mW from a 1.2V supply
Local, State, and Federal Responses to Stalking: Are Anti-Stalking Laws Effective?

Statistics show that there are currently 7.5 million victims of stalking in the United States each year. The year 2014 commemorated the 20th Anniversary since passage of the federal Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (“VAWA”) that was signed by President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1994. Passage of this Act marked a key transformation in our nation’s response to the crimes of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. The VAWA was established to promote “collaboration among law enforcement, health care providers, nonprofit service groups, community leaders, and the private sector” to combat these crimes. In fact, the VAWA was created as a “coordinated community response” to respond to the crimes of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. In addition, this Act provided significant “federal resources for police, prosecutors, prevention programs, and victim service initiatives” in these cases.This Article highlights the serious problem of stalking and addresses whether after 20 years since the original passage of the federal VAWA in 1994, anti-stalking laws are effective at the local, state, and federal levels. Part II begins with a discussion of the VAWA. Part III includes statistics related to the incidences of stalking and its relationship to domestic violence as well as summarizes and provides a comprehensive analysis of state and federal anti-stalking laws in effect in 2014. Part III also contains an overview of the Model Anti-Stalking Code. Part IV discusses the various constitutional challenges that have been made in response to anti-stalking legislation and explains why such laws have and should be upheld. Part V evaluates the effectiveness of anti-stalking efforts at the local, state, and federal levels, discusses whether anti-stalking laws are effectively combating stalking, and emphasizes “model” anti-stalking laws that are being successfully utilized at the state level. Part VI concludes that anti-stalking laws are effective on their face, but provides recommendations regarding interventions, prevention efforts, and law enforcement practices to better protect victims of stalking. It also recommends that in order to make anti-stalking laws the most effective, there should be better identification of stalking offenses; increases in arrests, prosecutions, convictions, and sanctions imposed upon stalkers to exhibit the fact that stalkers will be held accountable for their conduct; and mandated professional counseling for stalkers.
A frequency-domain study on the effect of DC-link decoupling capacitors

DC-link decoupling capacitors are generally placed near the power switches in the converter to minimize the parasitic ringing and voltage overshoot on the devices. In this paper, the influence of decoupling capacitors on the turn-off parasitic ringing of power MOSFETs is studied in the frequency domain based on a small-signal modeling approach. This new angle helps explain the effect of these capacitors in a simpler and more straightforward way compared to the traditional time-domain analysis, and provides a deeper insight into the problem. A rule of thumb about the selection of effective decoupling capacitance value can also be derived from this study.
Arabic stemming without a root dictionary

We have implemented a root-extraction stemmer for Arabic which is similar to the Khoja stemmer but without a root dictionary. Our stemmer was found to perform equivalently to the Khoja stemmer as well as so-called "light" stemmers in monolingual document retrieval tasks performed on the Arabic Trec-2001 collection. A root dictionary, therefore, does not improve Arabic monolingual document retrieval.
Involvement of l‐glutamate and ATP in the neurotransmission of the sympathoexcitatory component of the chemoreflex in the commissural nucleus tractus solitarii of awake rats and in the working heart–brainstem preparation

Peripheral chemoreflex activation with potassium cyanide (KCN) in awake rats or in the working heart–brainstem preparation (WHBP) produces: (a) a sympathoexcitatory/pressor response; (b) bradycardia; and (c) an increase in the frequency of breathing. Our main aim was to evaluate neurotransmitters involved in mediating the sympathoexcitatory component of the chemoreflex within the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). In previous studies in conscious rats, the reflex bradycardia, but not the pressor response, was reduced by antagonism of either ionotropic glutamate or purinergic P2 receptors within the NTS. In the present study we evaluated a possible dual role of both P2 and NMDA receptors in the NTS for processing the sympathoexcitatory component (pressor response) of the chemoreflex in awake rats as well as in the WHBP. Simultaneous blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors and P2 receptors by sequential microinjections of kynurenic acid (KYN, 2 nmol (50 nl)−1) and pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulphonate (PPADS, 0.25 nmol (50 nl)−1) into the commissural NTS in awake rats produced a significant reduction in both the pressor (+38 ± 3 versus+8 ± 3 mmHg) and bradycardic responses (−172 ± 18 versus−16 ± 13 beats min−1; n= 13), but no significant changes in the tachypnoea measured using plethysmography (270 ± 30 versus 240 ± 21 cycles min−1, n= 7) following chemoreflex activation in awake rats. Control microinjections of saline produced no significant changes in these reflex responses. In WHBP, microinjection of KYN (2 nmol (20 nl)−1) and PPADS (1.6 nmol (20 nl)−1) into the commissural NTS attenuated significantly both the increase in thoracic sympathetic activity (+52 ± 2%versus+17 ± 1%) and the bradycardic response (−151 ± 17 versus−21 ± 3 beats min−1) but produced no significant changes in the increase of the frequency of phrenic nerve discharge (+0.24 ± 0.02 versus+0.20 ± 0.02 Hz). The data indicate that combined microinjections of PPADS and KYN into the commissural NTS in both awake rats and the WHBP are required to produce a significant reduction in the sympathoexcitatory response (pressor response) to peripheral chemoreflex activation. We conclude that glutamatergic and purinergic mechanisms are part of the complex neurotransmission system of the sympathoexcitatory component of the chemoreflex at the level of the commissural NTS.
Battery life time extension method by using signalling interval control

This paper proposes a battery life time extension method which maximizes the efficiency of a battery by monitoring the available capacity of smartphone battery and by controlling the time interval for the transmission signalling of SNS application. The proposed method extends the battery life time by operating on saving mode which delays the process of sending background traffic if the battery capacity is not enough. So, the proposed method can prevent unnecessary battery consumption. We verify that the proposed method has longer battery life time than the existing one.
Metabolic Cost of Growth in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Summary: Forty-eight measurements of energy expenditure were performed in 15 very low-birth-weight infants during the first 6 wk of life. Their mean birth weight and gestation age was 1223 g and 31 wk respectively. Their mean weight gain was 11.2 g/kg · d (range: −6.6 to + 15.9 g/kg · d.). The mean energy expenditure increased from 170 kJ/kg · d (wk 1) to 252 kJ/kg · d (wk 6). There was a significant relationship between weight gain and energy expenditure (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and also between the net increase in body weight gain and the net increase in energy expenditure (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). From the slopes of these regression lines, the metabolic cost of growth was found to be approximately 2.3 kJ/g of weight gain. Carbohydrate oxidation represented 80% of energy expenditure at the second wk and decreased to 65% the 6th wk, whereas lipid oxidation during the same period increased from 14 to 30% and the relative protein oxidation remained unchanged, covering 5–6% of the energy expended.Speculation: There is need for information on the metabolic cost of growth in very low-birth-weight infants because a significant proportion of energy expenditure is associated with the metabolic cost of growth due to tissue synthesis. An attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between weight gain and energy expenditure in very low-birth-weight infants. In addition, substrate oxidation was determined during the first wk of life in order to elucidate which fuel was oxidized during this period of rapid growth.
The majority of CD1d‐sulfatide‐specific T cells in human blood use a semiinvariant Vδ1 TCR

αβ T‐cell lines specific for sulfatide, an abundant myelin glycosphingolipid presented by various CD1 molecules, have been previously derived from PBMCs of patients with demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) but also from healthy subjects. Using an unbiased tetramer‐based MACS enrichment method to enrich for rare antigen‐specific cells, we confirmed the presence of CD1d‐sulfatide‐specific T cells in all healthy individuals examined. Surprisingly, the great majority of fresh sulfatide‐specific T cells belonged to the γδ lineage. Furthermore, these cells used the Vδ1 TCR variable segment, which is uncommon in the blood but predominates in tissues such as the gut and specifically accumulates in MS lesions. Recombinant Vδ1 TCRs from different individuals were shown to bind recombinant CD1d‐sulfatide complexes in a sulfatide‐specific manner. These results provide the first direct demonstration of MHC‐like‐restricted, antigen‐specific recognition by γδ TCRs. Together with previous reports, they support the notion that human Vδ1 T cells are enriched in CD1‐specific T cells and suggest that the Vδ1 T‐cell population that accumulates in MS lesions might be enriched in CD1‐sulfatide‐specific cells.