Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Foreign Tourists’ English Translation of Guangdong Tourism Images

Metaphor, constituting culture as well as inheriting one, is a way that human beings perceive the world. The study of cognitive metaphor theory in translation illustrates the process how the people construct psychological images from one culture to another, from one language to another. A survey on Chinese to English translation has been conducted among foreigners to see their intuitive understandings of some Guangdong tourism images. The results found out three different familiarity levels of these tourism images and the English translations from the viewpoint of the foreigners. Translation can be done without understanding the actual meanings, and understanding can occur without being able to translate.
Advances in Quantifying Streamflow Variability Across Continental Scales: 1. Identifying Natural and Anthropogenic Controlling Factors in the USA Using a Spatially Explicit Modeling Method

Despite considerable progress in hydrological modeling, challenges remain in the interpretation and accurate transfer of hydrological information across watersheds and scales. In the conterminous United States (CONUS), these limitations are related to spatial inconsistencies and constraints in hydrological model structures, including a lack of spatially explicit process components (streams, reservoirs, and watershed development) and restricted estimation of model parameters across watersheds. Collectively, such limitations can impede identification of the causes of streamflow variations across the diversity of watershed sizes and land uses in the CONUS and contribute to model imprecision and spatial inconsistencies in prediction uncertainties. We addressed these concerns with a new approach, the first hybrid (statistical‐mechanistic) SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) model of long‐term mean annual streamflow, applied across diverse environmental settings of the CONUS. The hybrid model coupled previous catchment‐scale (1 km) water balance predictions of “natural” unit area runoff, which are inclusive of major water cycling processes, with additional explanatory variables (e.g., soils, vegetation, land use, topography, water losses in streams, and reservoirs) that account for the effects of natural and cultural water supply and demand processes that operate over large spatial scales and explain streamflow variability across CONUS river basins. Accounting for these statistically unique effects, including a nonlinear surface area‐dependent scaling of water loss in river networks, significantly improved the accuracy of mean streamflow predictions in CONUS basins. Our hybrid modeling approach provides new methods for transferring hydrological information to ungauged locations in river networks, especially those in larger and more culturally diverse CONUS watersheds.
A Research on Concentration and Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter in Kuantan City

The development of Kuantan city had caused a great emission of particulate matter concentration to the Kuantan atmospheric. The airborne of particulate matter may causes immediate and long-term impacts on human health as it enters the lung through the respiratory tract. The larger particles more than 10um aerodynamic diameter can found in soot or smoke. In this study, the concentration of particulate matter (PM10) in the ambient air of Kuantan city was investigated using two continues monitoring station by the Department of Environment. The PM 10 data were taken for 15 years of study from year 2001-2016. Two (2) location of the continues monitoring station were used in the study where one in Indera Mahkota, Kuantan and another was in Balok Baru, Kuantan. In the study, the highest PM10 concentration was in year 2013 with 234.31 ug/m3 and the second highest in year 2015 with 271.62 ug/m3 for station 1. While, for station 2 the highest PM10 concentration were in year 2013 with 349.7 ug/m3 and the second highest in year 2015 with 328.46 ug/m3 respectively. The pattern distribution showed that the PM10 concentration between year 2013 to 2015 were absolutely outrages which was more than 300 ug/m3 was release in the atmospheric. The sources emission factor in this study can be from various sources and trans-boundary events may also be possible to cause the PM10 concentration disperse in Kuantan.
Première évaluation de la qualité des données libres d'OpenStreetMap en France

Les nouvelles technologies du Web 2.0 ont permis l'emergence des contenus crees collaborativement dont l'exemple le plus interessant est le projet OpenStreetMap. Ce projet vise a produire une base de donnees topographiques entierement libre. Cet article etudie la qualite des donnees francaises de ce projet en prenant comme comparaison des donnees de l'Institut Geographique National. La qualite des donnees est tres heterogene du fait de l'absence de specifications precises et acceptees. ABSTRACT. New concepts like free data or Volunteered Geographic Information recently emerged thanks to new Web 2.0 technologies. The OpenStreetMap project is the most significant example. It aims at producing free vector topographic databases. This paper studies the OpenStreetMap french data quality compared to institutional databases of the french NMA. Data Quality is quite heterogeneous due to a lack of precise and well-accepted specifications.
Spatial vegetation ecology: Understanding the ecosystem processes that influence plant diversity patterns at different spatial scales

The present thesis is based on a set of 16 peer-reviewed publications originating from ecological research work aimed at understanding how ecosystem processes may influence plant diversity patterns at different spatial scales. The first chapter of the text provides an overall introduction to the topic. Each of the following four chapters sets the framework for the relevant publications by linking their contents and summarising methodological approaches. In each of the Chapters 2–5, the focus is exemplarily set on specific spatial scales in order to shed light on different aspects of plant diversity and on the scale-related types of underlying ecological and/or biogeographical processes. Research was carried out in diverse types of ecosystems. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on tropical mountain rain forests of Sulawesi (Indonesia), and continental and cross-continental comparisons are made with other tropical rain forest ecosystems. Chapter 4 focuses on temperate forests of northwest Germany and Chapter 5 on agricultural ecosystems (grasslands and arable fields) of north and central Germany. The German translation of the abstracts is given in Chapter 6.
A CFD and experimental approach for simulating the coupled flow dynamics of near wellbore and reservoir

The modeling of simultaneous flow behavior through a reservoir and wellbore is important and an integrated model is needed which accounts for the transient multiphase flow in the wellbore and its surrounding region. In addition, reservoir and wellbore interface modeling and cost-effective Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology are required to simulate the flow behavior in that region. The study outlines the development of an experimental prototype to study multiphase flow in the near wellbore region. To the best of my knowledge, this facility has the capability to accommodate a larger length scale compared to similar facilities available in the research organizations. This experimental setup can be used for investigating a wide variety of multiphase flow problems which have been considered in the present research. A CFD methodology has been developed using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations to simulate an integrated wellbore-reservoir flow. The CFD methodology has been verified for the fluid flow mechanism at near wellbore. The simulation results have been compared to the analytical solutions. Then, this model is extended to establish a coupled wellbore-reservoir framework which is based on 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The simulations have been performed to validate the newly developed CFD algorithm and various scenarios of a reservoir have been taken into consideration. The same process has been applied to investigate flow through a perforated tunnel and a new method of perforation has been discussed. The study indicates standard CFD techniques use a “numerical approach” such as the volume of fluid accounts for capillary pressure and surface tension force needs to be improved for more understanding of the flow through porous media. In this regards, Allen-Chan phase-field method has been combined with the Navier-Stokes equations to simulate multiphase flow in porous media. The simulations performed with the phase-field method have been verified with the experimental data. The experimental and CFD approach of this thesis make a unique contribution in the field of the petroleum industry and multiphase flow in porous media.
Diversity Of Benthic Foraminifera Of Core ‘A’ As A Marine Environment Indicator In The Waters Of Jepara, Central Java

The Research area is located on waters of Jepara, Central java. The sediment samples for this research were taken from core sample A with 65 cm lengths at coordinate of S 05°55’18.66” and E110°42’34.55”. There are 12 sediment samples used for this research with 5 cm of length interval for each sample. The objective of this research is to find out the environmental conditions around waters of Jepara based on the diversity index. Hydrogen peroxide method is used to process the sediment sample that contain foraminifera. Quantitative analysis of foraminifera was performed on 1gram dry sample. Results of Shannon-Wienner index to find the diversity ranges from 0.00282 to 0.01138. That result shows a low diversity index, it can be concluded that the conditions of the marine environment around waters of Jepara in the Core A has a low productivity, high ecological pressure, and has a disturbed ecosystem.
Air quality index prediction using IDW geostatistical technique and OLS-based GIS technique in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract It is known, that the polluted air influences straightforwardly on human wellbeing. Along these lines, the air quality checking surveys the nature of air and recognize defiled territories. Geographic information systems (GIS) provides appropriate tools for the purpose of creating models and describing spatial relationships. This study aims to develop an AQI prediction algorithm based on some meteorological parameters collected using an inverse distance weighted geostatistical technique analysis results, from measurements of three meteorological stations adjacent to the study area Kuala Lumpur of the period June to August 2018. A GIS spatial statistical analysis approach was used. An ordinary least squares (OLS) process was adopted for the 3 months data separately and three models have been obtained. An accuracy value of model performance has been computed were set as (97, 99, and 97%) respectively, specified thru the analysis. So as to test the model, validation applied again using predicted AQI and compared them with observed AQI data, the accuracy was set as (96, 99, and 93%), respectively. The result indicated a very good fit of the OLS model to the observed points, verified that the consequences of these analyses are able to monitor and predict AQI with high accuracy.
A New Water Environmental Load and Allocation Modeling Framework at the Medium–Large Basin Scale

Waste load allocation (WLA), as a well-known total pollutant control strategy, is designed to distribute pollution responsibilities among polluters to alleviate environmental problems, but the current policy is unfair and limited to single scale or single pollution types. In this paper, a new, alternative, multi-scale, and multi-pollution WLA modeling framework was developed, with a goal of producing optimal and fair allocation quotas at multiple scales. The new WLA modeling framework integrates multi-constrained environmental Gini coefficients (EGCs) and Delphi-analytic hierarchy process (Delphi-AHP) optimization models to achieve the stated goal. The new WLA modeling framework was applied in a case study in the Xian-jiang watershed in Zhejiang Province, China, in order to test its validity and usefulness. The results, in comparison with existing practices by the local governments, suggest that the simulated pollutant load quota at the watershed scale is much fairer than the existing policies and even has some environmental economic benefits at the pollutant source scale. As the new WLA is a process-based modeling framework, it should be possible to adopt this approach in other similar geographic areas.
Deriving hydrological signatures from soil moisture data

Soil moisture is an important variable in hydrological studies, but has been little used for model evaluation due to its high sensitivity to local conditions. We explore the possibility to derive hydrological signatures from soil moisture data that could overcome this limitation and be helpful for model evaluation. A set of eight hydrological signatures was built, encompassing long‐term to short‐term time scales. These signatures were tested according to robustness, representativeness and discriminatory power, using in situ data sets from New Zealand, including national network and experimental watershed data. Field capacity, type of soil moisture distribution, and starting dates of seasonal transitions typically meet the criteria, subject to uniform sensor depths and homogeneous land uses. Durations of seasonal transitions and event‐based signatures showed higher variability and lower discriminatory power. In general, long‐term signatures are more robust, more representative of large areas, and have a high discriminatory power, thus showing a good potential for use in diagnostic evaluation of regional models.
Low-Cost GNSS Solution for Continuous Monitoring of Slope Instabilities Applied to Madonna Del Sasso Sanctuary (NW Italy)

In recent years, the development of low-cost GNSS sensors allowed monitoring in a continuous way movement related to natural processes like landslides with increasing accuracy and limited efforts. In this work, we present the first results of an experimental low-cost GNSS continuous monitoring applied to an unstable slope affecting the Madonna del Sasso Sanctuary (NW Italy). The courtyard of Sanctuary is built on two unstable blocks delimited by a high cliff. Previous studies and non-continuous monitoring showed that blocks suffer a seasonal cycle of thermal expansion and a long-term trend to downslope a few millimeters (2/3) per year. The presence of a continuous monitoring solution could be an essential help to better understand the kinematics of unstable slope. Continuous monitoring could help to forecast a possible paroxysm phase that could end with a failure of the unstable area. The first year of experimental measurements shows a millimetric accuracy of low-cost GNSS, and the long-term trend is in agreement with other monitoring data. We also propose a methodological approach that considers the use of semi-automatized procedures for the identification of anomalous trends and a risk communication strategy. Pro and cons of the proposed methodology are also discussed.
GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO A FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL NO MUNICÍPIO FRONTEIRIÇO DE OIAPOQUE, AMAPÁ - BRASIL

A singularidade e complexidade dos ambientes naturais protegidos nas unidades de conservação presentes em mais de 50% do município de Oiapoque, denotam a importância de maior conhecimento de seu quadro ambiental. As técnicas de geoprocessamento se constituem como importantes ferramentas no levantamento e análise de dados físicos, que de maneira integrada, subsidiam propostas de ordenamento territorial diante de usos e ocupações que se configuram. O presente artigo apontou os delineamentos na compreensão do estado de susceptibilidade aos processos erosivos no município de Oiapoque, segundo a metodologia desenvolvida por Ross (1994), fundamentada no reconhecimento dos diferentes graus de susceptibilidade a qual os ambientes estão sujeitos. O estudo apontou um quadro de fragilidade ambiental que varia de muito fraco a médio a partir dos aspectos fisiográficos apresentados.
A quantitative method for inferring locomotory shifts in amniotes during ontogeny, its application to dinosaurs and its bearing on the evolution of posture

Evolutionary transitions between quadrupedal and bipedal postures are pivotal to the diversification of amniotes on land, including in our own lineage (Hominini). Heterochrony is suggested as a macroevolutionary mechanism for postural transitions but understanding postural evolution in deep time is hindered by a lack of methods for inferring posture in extinct species. Dinosaurs are an excellent natural laboratory for understanding postural transitions because they demonstrate at least four instances of quadrupedality evolving from bipedality, and heterochronic processes have been put forward as an explanatory model for these transitions. We extend a quantitative method for reliably inferring posture in tetrapods to the study of ontogenetic postural transitions using measurements of proportional limb robusticity. We apply this to ontogenetic series of living and extinct amniotes, focusing on dinosaurs. Our method correctly predicts the general pattern of ontogenetic conservation of quadrupedal and bipedal postures in many living amniote species and infers the same pattern in some dinosaurs. Furthermore, it correctly predicts the ontogenetic postural shift from quadrupedal crawling to bipedal walking in humans. We also infer a transition from early ontogenetic quadrupedality to late‐ontogenetic bipedality in the transitional sauropodomorph dinosaur Mussaurus patagonicus and possibly in the early branching ceratopsian Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis but not in the sauropodomorph Massospondylus carinatus. The phylogenetic positions of these ontogenetic shifts suggest that heterochrony may play a role in the macroevolution of posture, at least in dinosaurs. Our method has substantial potential for testing evolutionary transitions between locomotor modes, especially in elucidating the role of evolutionary mechanisms like heterochrony.
Nonlinear Interaction of High‐Frequency Seismic Waves With Sliding Fault Planes

Slip during large crustal earthquakes continues for extended periods of time on spatially extensive fault planes. High‐frequency body waves from other parts of the fault system thus impinge on patches of the fault that are still actively sliding. Intuitively, the material within sliding fault planes does not rheologically distinguish between the low‐frequency stresses driving the gross earthquake and high‐frequency dynamic stresses from impinging body waves. Nonlinear interaction occurs, interrogating the rheology of the fault plane. High‐frequency S waves nonlinearly produce additional inelastic slip ΔS on the sliding fault. The ratio of this slip to the elastic displacement (ΔS/ΔSE), where ΔSE is the elastic displacement, depends on the slip‐reflection number, (∂V/∂τ)ρβ, where ∂V/∂τ is the derivative of sliding velocity with respect to shear traction, ρ is density, and β is S‐wave velocity. The sliding fault transmits and weakly reflects S waves for small values ≪2 of the parameter; it weakly transmits and strongly reflects for high values ≫2. It is relevant to evaluate ∂V/∂τ at the long‐period slip velocity V0 and shear traction τ0 of the gross earthquake. The ratio is then ΔS/ΔSE = ρβV0Φ/τ0, where Φ ≡ (∂V/∂τ)(τ0/V0) is measure of the nonlinearity the fault rheology. For example, the parameter Φ at high‐frequency impinging S waves is the ratio μ0/a of the coefficient of friction to the rate parameter a ≈ 0.01 for rate and state friction. Weak sliding faults (low τ0 and high V0) strongly reflect impinging S waves. During waning slip, dynamic stresses from S waves antithetical to the gross slip direction and compressional P waves may heterogeneously lock the fault.
Studying on the Functional Complexity of the House Site in Pidu District under the Background of “Three Rights Division”

This paper summarizes the practical experience of the reform of “Three Rights Division” in the house site of Pidu District. It finds that apart from giving full play to the most primitive residential function and security function, house site also has new complex functions such as assets, bearing of characteristic industries, innovative model, social stability, etc. The conclusion is that, with the gradual formation of the market of homestead circulation, its various complex functions will continue to evolve and increase. Pidu District has provided experience for other areas of China in choosing the path of homestead reform, but how to maximize the activation of rural homestead and the value of the houses built on it still needs long-term attention and active exploration.
Multidimensional Structural Characterization is Required to Detect and Differentiate Among Moderate Disturbance Agents

The study of vegetation community and structural change has been central to ecology for over a century, yet how disturbances reshape the physical structure of forest canopies remains relatively unknown. Moderate severity disturbance including fire, ice storms, insect and pathogen outbreaks, affects different canopy strata and plant species, which may give rise to variable structural outcomes and ecological consequences. Terrestrial lidar (light detection and ranging) offers an unprecedented view of the interior arrangement and distribution of canopy elements, permitting the derivation of multidimensional measures of canopy structure that describe several canopy structural traits with known linkages to ecosystem functioning. We used lidar-derived canopy structural measured within a machine learning framework to detect and differentiate among various disturbance agents, including moderate severity fire, ice storm damage, age-related senescence, hemlock woolly adelgid, beech bark disease, and chronic acidification. We found that disturbance agents such as fire and ice storms primarily affected the amount and position of vegetation within canopies, while acidification, pathogen and insect infestation, and senescence altered canopy arrangement and complexity. Only two of the six disturbance agents significantly reduced leaf area, indicating that this commonly quantified canopy feature is insufficient to characterize many moderate severity disturbances. Rather, measures of canopy structure, including those that describe multidimensional change, are needed to characterize disturbance at moderate severities because structural changes from these events are spatially and quantitatively variable. Our findings suggest that standard disturbance detection methods, such as optical based remote sensing platforms, may currently be limited in their ability to detect, differentiate, and characterize disturbance. Further, we conclude that a more broadly inclusive definition of ecological disturbance that incorporates multiple aspects of canopy structure change will improve the modeling, detection, and prediction of functional implications of moderate severity disturbance.