Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small (≤ 2 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI and multiphasic 64-multirow detector CT.

OBJECTIVES To compare the diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI using 3.0 T with that of multiphasic 64-multirow detector CT (MDCT) for the detection of small (≤2 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS A total of 54 patients (44 men, 10 women; age range, 33-81 years) with 59 HCCs (≤2 cm in diameter) who underwent both multiphasic (arterial, portal venous, equilibrium) 64-MDCT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI were enrolled in this study. Two observers independently and randomly reviewed the MR and CT images on a lesion-by-lesion basis. The diagnostic performance of these techniques for the detection of HCC was assessed by alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, in addition to evaluating the sensitivity and positive predictive value. RESULTS For each observer, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.874 and 0.863 for MRI, respectively, as opposed to 0.660 and 0.687 for CT, respectively. The differences between the two techniques were statistically significant for each observer (p<0.001). The sensitivities (89.8% and 86.4%) of MRI for both observers were significantly higher than those (57.6% and 61.0% for each observer, respectively) of MDCT. No significant difference was seen between the positive predictive values for the two techniques (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MRI shows a better diagnostic performance than that of 64-MDCT for the detection of small (≤2 cm) HCCs in patients with chronic liver disease.
Experience with Exemestane in the Treatment of Early and Advanced Breast Cancer

Background: Exemestane represents the only steroidal third-generation aromatase inactivator implemented for breast cancer therapy. Objective: Present clinical and translational data defining the role of exemestane as an aromatase inhibitor. Methods: Literature search including PubMed and ISI Web of Science. Results/conclusion: Exemestane potently inhibits in vivo aromatization resembling anastrozole and letrozole. Randomized trials have revealed superiority for exemestane compared to conventional therapy in metastatic breast cancer. In addition sequential treatment with tamoxifen (for 2 – 3 years) followed by exemestane (for 3 – 2 years) has revealed superiority with respect not only to relapse-free but also borderline improvement in overall survival in adjuvant therapy. Several studies now confirm lack of cross-resistance between non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors and exemestane, which could be due to exemestane's low androgen-agonistic activity through its 17-hydro metabolite.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis for determining the stress distribution after loading the bone surface with two-component mini-implants of varying length

Objective: To evaluate the extent and aspect of stress to the cortical bone after application of a lateral force to a two-component orthodontic mini-implant (OMI, mini-implant) by using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: The 3D-finite element models consisted of the maxilla, maxillary first molars, second premolars, and OMIs. The screw part of the OMI had a diameter of 1.8 mm and length of 8.5 mm and was placed between the roots of the upper second premolar and the first molar. The cortical bone thickness was set to 1 mm. The head part of the OMI was available in 3 sizes: 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. After a 2 N lateral force was applied to the center of the head part, the stress distribution and magnitude were analyzed using FEA. Results: When the head part of the OMI was friction fitted (tapped into place) into the inserted screw part, the stress was uniformly distributed over the surface where the head part was inserted. The extent of the minimum principal stress suggested that the length of the head part was proportionate with the amount of stress to the cortical bone; the stress varied between 10.84 and 15.33 MPa. Conclusions: These results suggest that the stress level at the cortical bone around the OMI does not have a detrimental influence on physiologic bone remodeling. (Korean J Orthod 011;41(6): 423-430)
SANAYOJAN: a framework for traceability link recovery between use-cases in software requirement specification and regulatory documents

User requirement specification (URS) documents written in the form of free-form natural language text contain system use-case descriptions as one of the elements in the URS. For a few application domains, some of the system use-cases in SRS define services and functionality which needs to comply with law, rules and regulations pertaining to the application domain. In this paper, we present a multi-step approach to automatically extract system use-cases from URS and construct traceability links between system-uses and appropriate regulations in the regulatory documents. We define lexicon-based, syntactic and semantic features to discriminate system use-cases from other elements in the SRS. We investigate the application of five semantic similarity methods implemented in the SEMILAR semantic similarity toolkit to compute similarity between a given system use-case with regulations in a regulatory document. We conduct a series of experiments on real-world data obtained from software projects of a large global Information Technology (IT) services company to validate the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness (accuracy of 83.3% for system use-case extraction and 72% for constructing traceability links) and limitations of the proposed approach.
Role modeling in clinical educators: An important issue in medical education

South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2015;5(1):49-50. © 2015 Yousuf & Salam, publisher and licensee Public Health Foundation Bangladesh. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/seajph.v5i1. 24853 The importance of positive role modeling by clinical educators is recognized worldwide to help professional development of learners. Students evaluate role models in clinical educators according to teaching qualities (related to knowledge 'Head'), personal qualities (related to attitude 'Heart'), and patient care qualities (related to activities 'Hands on'). So role modeling in clinical educators involves the integration of the “3Hs” as a unity all the time and everywhere by the clinical trainers.
Peer Review on Open-Source Software Projects: Parameters, Statistical Models, and Theory

Peer review is seen as an important quality-assurance mechanism in both industrial development and the open-source software (OSS) community. The techniques for performing inspections have been well studied in industry; in OSS development, software peer reviews are not as well understood. To develop an empirical understanding of OSS peer review, we examine the review policies of 25 OSS projects and study the archival records of six large, mature, successful OSS projects. We extract a series of measures based on those used in traditional inspection experiments. We measure the frequency of review, the size of the contribution under review, the level of participation during review, the experience and expertise of the individuals involved in the review, the review interval, and the number of issues discussed during review. We create statistical models of the review efficiency, review interval, and effectiveness, the issues discussed during review, to determine which measures have the largest impact on review efficacy. We find that OSS peer reviews are conducted asynchronously by empowered experts who focus on changes that are in their area of expertise. Reviewers provide timely, regular feedback on small changes. The descriptive statistics clearly show that OSS review is drastically different from traditional inspection.
Screening for psychological disorders in youth with Type 1 diabetes: who, when, what and how?

SUMMARY Psychological morbidity is significantly more common in youth with Type 1 diabetes than microvascular and autoimmune complications. As such, mental health problems represent a considerable burden to both the individual and the public health system. Risk factors for psychological distress in youth with this disease are identified and the long-term adverse consequences of poorly controlled diabetes are highlighted. A practical and cost-effective case is made for clinic-based screening at key time points to identify troubled youth and to facilitate timely intervention for this ‘at risk’ population.
Accessibility and smart data: the case study of mPASS

The growing availability of data gathered by people via personal sensing and crowdsourcing is changing the way data are collected, provided and perceived. Information is becoming too much to actually make sense and this leads to an increasing demand of Smart Data. We can intend Smart Data as information obtained by large data and extracted by intelligent algorithms to meet people needs. This concept easily matches with well-known accessibility issues, solutions and techniques. Moreover, Smart Data is an emerging solution to prevent the large amount of data from becoming a new challenge in the e-accessibility field. In this context, my research is devoted to apply Smart Data to improve e-accessibility in a mobile crowdsourcing and sensing application designed to support users with disabilities in avoiding urban accessibility barriers.
Management of patients with advanced bladder cancer following major response to systemic chemotherapy

Chemotherapy continues to be the treatment of choice for advanced/metastatic bladder cancer. Although response rates as high as 70% have been achieved, there continue to be high progression rates and poor long-term survival. Surgical consolidation offers improved outcomes compared with chemotherapy alone, especially in patients who achieve complete clinical response to chemotherapy. The role of radiation and/or surveillance following major response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced disease remains unclear. Gross regional nodal involvement identified at the time of surgery does not preclude radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection may be beneficial to select patients with nonregional retroperitoneal nodal metastasis who achieve good clinical response to chemotherapy. Visceral or lung metastasectomy may be offered to patients with solitary metastasis who achieve a good and durable response to chemotherapy. Nonresponders should be either offered a clinical trial (if available), second-line chemotherapy or best supportive care.
Impotence and nerve entrapment in long distance amateur cyclists

Objectives – To assess the frequency and duration of symptoms suggesting peripheral nerve compression after long distance cycling. Material and methods – A questionnaire based cross sectional study among 260 participants in a Norwegian annual bicycle touring race of 540 km. Results – Thirty‐five of 160 responding males (22%) reported symptoms from the innervation area of the pudendal or cavernous nerves. Thirty‐three had penile numbness or hypaesthesia after the tour. In 10, the numbness lasted for more than one week. Impotence was reported by 21 (13%) of the males. It lasted for more than one week in 11, and for more than one month in three. Both genital numbness and impotence were correlated with weakness in the hands after the ride, a complaint reported by 32 (19%) of all 169 respondents. Forty‐six cyclists (30%) indicated paraesthesia or numbness in the fingers, half of them from the ulnar nerve area only. Conclusion – The frequency of impotence, numbness of the penis, hand weakness and sensory symptoms from the fingers in bicycle sport may be higher than hitherto recognized. It afflicts both experienced cyclists and novices. In some, the complaints may last up to eight months. Besides changing the hand and body position on the bike, restricting the training intensity, and taking ample pauses may also be necessary in prolonged and vigorous bicycle riding to prevent damage to peripheral nerves.
THE INTESTINAL CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS WHO HAVE HOMOSEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite. It is spread through the fecal-oral route. In Indonesia, the disease is easily spread because of poor sanitation and environment endemic intestinal parasites. The objective of this study is to know prevalence of intestinal cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients who have homosexual behaviour. The study was a cross sectional design. It recruited HIV/AIDS male patients hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya who presented with chronic diarrhoea in order to confirmed Cryptosporidium infetion during one year. A modified version acid fast stain of Ziehl Neelsen technique was used for staining Cryptosporidium. Five homosexual men and 88 non homosexual men were recruited. Three men among homosexual men (60%) and 39 men among non homosexual men (42%) were Cryptosporidium positive. The study result suggests that sexual behaviour is a significant risk factor for cryptosporidial diarrhoea. (FMI 2012;48 75-76)
Static hand poses for gestural interaction: a study

Gestural interaction leveraging the expressiveness of the human hand, either in touch or in air gestures has been a subject of much research. In this work, a user study focusing mainly on static hand poses has been conducted on a heterogeneous group of participants covering different aspects of this interaction method: role of the participants in the creation of the hand poses, context-free pose-action mapping, learnability and memory issues, and physical comfort. Results of the study are discussed.
Azacitidine for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) encompass a heterogeneous group of malignant hematologic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenias, frequent karyotypic abnormalities and significant risk for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The prognosis of patients with intermediate- or high-risk MDS is very poor. This is due to the fact that standard therapeutic options are largely palliative. Neither autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) nor chemotherapeutic regimens have been shown to prolong survival in patients with MDS. Allogeneic SCT, while potentially curative, is only available to a selected group of patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, which constitute the majority of patients with MDS. Hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes has been invoked as an important pathogenetic mechanism in MDS. The pyrimidine nucleoside analog azacitidine, which inhibits DNA methyltransferases, has recently become the first therapeutic to prolong survival in patients with MDS, thus changing the natural history of these malignancies. The activity of azacitidine in MDS has spurred the development of combinations of this agent with other epigenetic modifiers for the treatment of MDS and AML.
First International Workshop on User Interfaces for Crowdsourcing and Human Computation

Recent years witnessed an explosion in the number and variety of data crowdsourcing initiatives. From OpenStreetMap to Amazon Mechanical Turk, developers and practitioners have been striving to create user interfaces able to effectively and efficiently support the creation, exploration, and analysis of crowdsourced information. The extensive usage of crowdsourcing techniques brings a major change of paradigm with respect to traditional user interface for data collection and exploration, as effectiveness, speed, and interaction quality concerns play a central role in supporting very demanding incentives, including monetary ones. The First International Workshop on User Interfaces for Crowdsourcing and Human Computation (CrowdUI 2014), co-located with the AVI 2014 conference, brought together researchers and practitioners from a wide range of areas interested in discussing the user interaction challenges posed by crowdsourcing systems.
The evolving role of liver biopsy: what are the gold standards today?

Liver biopsy can be of great help in the diagnosis of diffuse or localized liver diseases and the assessment of their severity. Liver biopsy can be performed by the blind persutaneous technique (in diffuse diseases), by ultrasonographic or computerized tomographic visualization, by the transjungular root and laparoscopically. Radiographic guidance is certainly be needed in localized diseases, such as tumours, and when there is a doubt about the location of the liver.
The Doppler Necklace: a wearable and noninvasive ultrasound sensor for continuous monitoring of blood flow in the common carotid artery

The Doppler Necklace is a wearable sensor that employs continuous wave ultrasound to monitor blood flow in the common carotid artery of a patient, Piezoelectric transducers mounted at the neck target the centerline of the artery. The Doppler shift is then transmitted to a computer where the centerline blood velocity is recovered and the flow profile estimated using a novel algorithm.
Pinlight displays

We present a novel design for an optical see-through augmented reality display that offers a wide field of view and supports a compact form factor approaching ordinary eyeglasses. Instead of conventional optics, our design uses only two simple hardware components: an LCD panel and an array of point light sources (implemented as an edge-lit, etched acrylic sheet) placed directly in front of the eye, out of focus. We code the point light sources through the LCD to form miniature see-through projectors. A virtual aperture encoded on the LCD allows the projectors to be tiled, creating an arbitrarily wide field of view. Software rearranges the target augmented image into tiled sub-images sent to the display, which appear as the correct image when observed out of the viewer's accommodation range. We evaluate the design space of tiled point light projectors with an emphasis on increasing spatial resolution through the use of eye tracking. We demonstrate feasibility through software simulations and a real-time prototype display that offers a 110° diagonal field of view in the form factor of large glasses and discuss remaining challenges to constructing a practical display.
High-contrast computational caustic design

We present a new algorithm for computational caustic design. Our algorithm solves for the shape of a transparent object such that the refracted light paints a desired caustic image on a receiver screen. We introduce an optimal transport formulation to establish a correspondence between the input geometry and the unknown target shape. A subsequent 3D optimization based on an adaptive discretization scheme then finds the target surface from the correspondence map. Our approach supports piecewise smooth surfaces and non-bijective mappings, which eliminates a number of shortcomings of previous methods. This leads to a significantly richer space of caustic images, including smooth transitions, singularities of infinite light density, and completely black areas. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with several simulated and fabricated examples.
Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital: Risk factors, overall mortality and antimicrobial resistance

A retrospective study on risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia was carried out on 99 blood culture isolated episodes of S. aureus in a Brazilian hospital during 2000 2002”. We found several factors associated with an increased risk of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteremia including presence of two or more devices and use of antimicrobials. The patients with MRSA bacteremia were most likely to be in the surgical wards, but those with MSSA bacteremia were most likely to be in the internal medical ward. Overall mortality rate was 33.3%. Among 99 patients with episodes of S. aureus bacteremia, 25 died (25.3%) within 15 days of onset. Our research shows that MRSA bacteremia was more likely to be associated with extrinsic factors.
Nonhistone protein acetylation as cancer therapy targets

Acetylation and deacetylation are counteracting, post-translational modifications that affect a large number of histone and nonhistone proteins. The significance of histone acetylation in the modification of chromatin structure and dynamics, and thereby gene transcription regulation, has been well recognized. A steadily growing number of nonhistone proteins have been identified as acetylation targets and reversible lysine acetylation in these proteins plays an important role(s) in the regulation of mRNA stability, protein localization and degradation, and protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions. The recruitment of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) to the transcriptional machinery is a key element in the dynamic regulation of genes controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Many nonhistone proteins targeted by acetylation are the products of oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes and are directly involved in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. Aberrant activity of HDACs has been documented in several types of cancers and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been employed for therapeutic purposes. Here we review the published literature in this field and provide updated information on the regulation and function of nonhistone protein acetylation. While concentrating on the molecular mechanism and pathways involved in the addition and removal of the acetyl moiety, therapeutic modalities of HDACi are also discussed.
The origins of urothelial carcinoma

It is now widely believed that there are two major pathways for urothelial carcinogenesis. One pathway usually involves mutation of FGF receptor 3 and gives rise to low-grade papillary tumors that frequently recur but seldom invade. By contrast, high-grade urothelial malignancies, including high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) usually exhibit deletions or mutations of TP53. Urothelial CIS is the most likely precursor of high-grade invasive bladder cancer. It is a ‘flat lesion’ that may be relatively inconspicuous at cystoscopy, or even endoscopically undetectable. The clinical hazards associated with this elusive and biologically dangerous neoplasm have been increasingly well documented since the original studies by Melicow in 1952. Primary or secondary urothelial dysplasia is even more challenging to detect and diagnose than CIS. It is theorized that dysplasia may antedate the onset of CIS, but support for the putative progression of dysplasia to CIS is found in fewer than 20% of cases. Since many benign urothelial changes may resemble CIS at cystoscopy, in biopsies and even with molecular profiling, care must be exercised when making a diagnosis of CIS. For patients whose screening tests are worrisome for the presence of premalignant urothelial disease, newer bladder imaging modalities, including Raman spectral imaging and optical coherence tomography, may enable improved biopsy site selection. In this article, we discuss the above-noted topics, as well as other related issues, such as the possible role of papillary urothelial hyperplasia as a preneoplastic lesion and the roles of cancer stem cells and field cancerization in urothelial carcinogenesis.