Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary habits of partly breast-fed and completely weaned infants at 9 months of age

Abstract Objective To test whether there are differences in diet diversity between children still being partly breast-fed at 9 months and those completely weaned at the same age. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Cross-sectional study (SKOT cohort) in the area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Subjects Healthy term infants (n 312) at 9 months of age (mean 9·1 (sd 0·3) months). Results The infants partly breast-fed (n 168) at 9 months had significantly lower body weight (P < 0·0001), were significantly shorter (P = 0·0022) and were introduced to complementary foods significantly later (P < 0·0001) than completely weaned infants (n 141) of similar age. Furthermore, they had lower intake of energy, both in absolute amount (P < 0·0001) and per kilogram of body weight (P = 0·049). Significantly lower intakes of most energy-yielding nutrients, in absolute amounts and as energy percentages, were seen for the partly breast-fed compared with the completely weaned infants. These differences appear to be caused primarily by differences in the type and amount of milk consumed, as the energy derived from sources other than milk was similar except for fatty spread and vegetables as a side dish. Only small differences were found for absolute intakes of foods between feeding groups, although fatty spread had significantly higher intake rates and consumption (P = 0·031) among partly breast-fed compared with completely weaned infants. Conclusions At 9 months the infants partly breast-fed did not eat a less diversified diet compared with those completely weaned at the same age. Despite later introduction to complementary foods compared with the completely weaned, their intake of foods was similar and no delay in their progression towards the family foods was noted.
Control of PM machines with non-contact measured torque feedback

The use of an integrated, low cost, non-contact, SAW torque sensor to improve the dynamic performance of permanent magnet servo drive systems has been reported previously. This paper reports on an extension to this research that proposes the use of the SAW device for rotor mechanical position detection. A start-up procedure that enables machine control at and from zero speed is presented.
Psychiatric Disorders in Foster Home Reared Children of Schizophrenic Mothers

The place of genetic factors in the aetiology of schizophrenia remains disputed. Several surveys have demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of the disorder in relatives of schizophrenic persons as compared to the general population. Furthermore, the closer the relationship, the higher the incidence of schizophrenia. The studies of Kallmann (1938) and Slater (1953) are especially significant and the research in this area has been thoroughly reviewed by Alanen (1958).
Identifying and characterizing genes that regulate vascular tissue-specific functions

Vascular tissues provide both the mechanical support to the plant body and the conducting cells for the transport of water, mineral solutes, hormones and other signaling molecules, amino acids, and sugars. To identify genes that may regulate vascular tissue-specific functions, we isolated xylem, phloem-cambium, and nonvascular tissues from the Arabidopsis root-hypocotyl, performed a genome-wide comparative analysis of tissuespecific transcripts using the 24K Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 Genome Array (24K GeneChip), and identified potential genes that are required for xylem and phloem differentiation or tissue-specific functions. Based on this comparative analysis, two phloem-specific G2-like transcription factors, MYR1 and MYR2, and a xylem-specific NAC domain family member, XND1, were selected for further characterization. Under continuous light, myr2 plants flowered early, while myr1 plants did not differ significantly from wild type controls. However, double mutant myr1myr2 plants exhibited a novel phenotype characterized by elongated petioles, semi-erect leaf orientation, and suppression of lateral shoot outgrowth. These characteristics are reminiscent of yucca, a dominant Arabidopsis mutant with elevated levels of free auxin. Preliminary results indicated that like yucca, myr1myr2 plants were more resistant than wt plants to 5-mT, a toxic tryptophan analog, suggesting that MYR1 and MYR2 may be involved in regulating tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis. Overexpression of any one of MYR1 isoforms resulted in a phenotype that in some cases resembled that observed in the double mutant, indicating that the regulation mediated by MYR1 and MYR2 may depend on formation of specific heterodimers consisting of isoforms of MYR1 and/or MYR2, and that the dimerization was susceptible to disruption both by overexpression and loss-of-function of MYR1/MYR2.
Effect of Rotor Geometry on Peak and Average Torque of External-Rotor Synchronous Reluctance Motor in Comparison With Switched Reluctance Motor for Low-Speed Direct-Drive Domestic Application

This paper deals with the feasibility of developing an external-rotor synchronous reluctance motor for a low-speed direct-drive domestic application. Here, an attempt is made to identify the rotor geometry which provides high peak, average torque, and the saliency ratio in comparison with those of equivalent external-rotor switched reluctance motor (Ex-R SRM) which has already been developed and tested for the same application. In this context, six different rotor geometries are considered for the feasibility study and their performance characteristics are predicted using finite-element analysis. These results are compared with the equivalent size of Ex-R SRM, and finally, a feasible rotor geometry is proposed for further investigation and for the prototype designing.
STRATEGIC CONTROL AND REVENUE GENERATION: A CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT USING THE BALANCED SCORECARD

Revenue generation is a major source of income to Nigeria and the States in general, even though it is said to be dwindling due to weak controls in the systems of revenue generation and workers attitude. The objective of the study includes examining how the application of strategic control and the balanced scorecard can transform the attitude of workers with a view to enhancing overall organization goal. It highlights the requirements of IAS 18 on revenue recognition. The study is descriptive and adopted the desk research approach, using secondary sources of data such as journals, text-books, accounting standards, government papers. The study found that there is need for re-engineering the whole system through strategic controls and using the balanced scorecard as an appraisal system for staff performance which when properly linked with organization objective will enhance increased revenue generation. The study concludes that the performance appraisal system currently in use is counter- productive and subject to abuse thus, it should give way to the use of the balanced scorecard which is goal-directed.
Serologic detection of infection with cagA+ Helicobacter pylori strains

Approximately 60% of Helicobacter pylori isolates possess the cagA gene and express its 120- to 140-kDa product (CagA). In this study, the cagA gene was detected in H. pylori isolates from 26 (81.3%) of 32 patients with duodenal ulcers (DU), 17 (68.0%) of 25 patients with gastric ulcers, and 23 (59.0%) of 39 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD). By Western blotting (immunoblotting) with antiserum to CagA, in vitro CagA expression was demonstrated for 95.5% of cagA+ strains compared with 0% of strains lacking cagA. Sera from patients infected with cagA+ strains (n = 66) reacted with recombinant CagA in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to a significantly greater extent than either sera from patients infected with strains lacking cagA (n = 30) or sera from uninfected persons (n = 25) (P < 0.001). A strain lacking cagA was isolated from eight patients who had serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to CagA, which suggests that these patients were infected with multiple strains. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to CagA were present in 87.5, 76.0, and 56.4% of patients with DU, gastric ulcers, and NUD, respectively (odds ratio, 5.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 24.72; P = 0.004 [DU versus NUD]). These data demonstrate an association between infection with cagA+ H. pylori and the presence of duodenal ulceration and indicate that serologic testing is a sensitive method for detecting infection with cagA+ strains.
Impact of Post-Translational Modifications of Crop Proteins under Abiotic Stress

The efficiency of stress-induced adaptive responses of plants depends on intricate coordination of multiple signal transduction pathways that act coordinately or, in some cases, antagonistically. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) can regulate protein activity and localization as well as protein–protein interactions in numerous cellular processes, thus leading to elaborate regulation of plant responses to various external stimuli. Understanding responses of crop plants under field conditions is crucial to design novel stress-tolerant cultivars that maintain robust homeostasis even under extreme conditions. In this review, proteomic studies of PTMs in crops are summarized. Although the research on the roles of crop PTMs in regulating stress response mechanisms is still in its early stage, several novel insights have been retrieved so far. This review covers techniques for detection of PTMs in plants, representative PTMs in plants under abiotic stress, and how PTMs control functions of representative proteins. In addition, because PTMs under abiotic stresses are well described in soybeans under submergence, recent findings in PTMs of soybean proteins under flooding stress are introduced. This review provides information on advances in PTM study in relation to plant adaptations to abiotic stresses, underlining the importance of PTM study to ensure adequate agricultural production in the future.
The clinical use of rhDNAse

Most of the morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) is related to bronchopulmonary disease, which is characterized by thick dehydrated sputum, cycles of chronic bacterial infection and inflammation and ultimately bronchiectasis leading to respiratory failure. For many years it has been appreciated that the viscid nature of CF sputum is largely due to the high concentration of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) released from the vast numbers of degenerating neutrophils in the lungs 1 although other proteins such as actin filaments may also contribute• The sputum from patients with CF has been shown to contain significantly more DNA than that from patients with other forms of bronchiectatic lung disease. Following the demonstration in the 1950s•, that the bovine DNase enzyme could reduce sputum viscosity both in vitro and in vivo and improve lung function in patients with suppurative lung disease, therapeutic use was limited by the severe anaphylactic side-effects encountered, possibly due to impurities in the preparation. However, in 1990, the human enzyme DNase 1 was cloned and sequenced• In vitro studies showed that rhDNase reduced the viscosity of CF sputum, and early human trials confirmed safet/. The drug was welltolerated, with no significant side-effects, minimal rises in serum DNase levels and no detectable anti-DNase antibodies. Two early efficacy studies subsequently demonstrated statistically significant rises in both forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of around 10-15% of baseline, within 2 weeks of starting the drug and confirmed the absence of clinically significant side-effccts•• Lung function rapidly returned to baseline values once rhDNase was discontinued. A longer term placebo-controlled study has been performed on 968 adults and children over 5 years• This study demonstrated a significant, and sustained rise in FEVt of almost 6% and in FVC of 33.8%. The authors made the point that modest group rises in lung function may mask a wide range of responS\)S and in fact 30% of their patients had a rise in FEV1 of greater than 10%. The study also showed that both dose regimes of rhDNase used (2.5 mg once and
Tolerance analysis of W-band SIW slot array antenna

Tolerance analysis has been carried out for a 4 by 4 SIW slot array antenna in this paper. Variations of single geometrical parameter and multiple geometrical parameters have been used in the analysis with the help of full-wave electromagnetic simulator HFSS. The simulated results show that the PCB process is reliable for W-band SIW slot array antenna fabrication.
Expression Cloning and Characterization of a Transporter for Large Neutral Amino Acids Activated by the Heavy Chain of 4F2 Antigen (CD98)*

A cDNA was isolated from rat C6 glioma cells by expression cloning which encodes a novel Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter designated LAT1. For functional expression in Xenopusoocytes, LAT1 required the heavy chain of 4F2 cell surface antigen (CD98), a type II membrane glycoprotein. When co-expressed with 4F2 heavy chain, LAT1 transported neutral amino acids with branched or aromatic side chains and did not accept basic amino acids or acidic amino acids. The transport via LAT1 was Na+-independent and sensitive to a system L-specific inhibitor 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid. These functional properties correspond to those of the classically characterized amino acid transport system L, a major nutrient transporter. In in vitro translation, LAT1 was shown to be a nonglycosylated membrane protein consistent with the property of 4F2 light chain, suggesting LAT1 is at least one of the proteins formerly referred to as 4F2 light chain. LAT1 exhibits relatively low but significant amino acid sequence similarity to mammalian cationic amino acid transporters and amino acid permeases of bacteria and yeasts, indicating LAT1 is a new member of the APC superfamily. Because of highly regulated nature and high level of expression in tumor cell lines, LAT1 is thought to be up-regulated to support the high protein synthesis for cell growth and cell activation. The cloning of LAT1 is expected to facilitate the research on the protein-protein interaction in the transporter field and to provide a clue to the search for still unidentified transporters.
Cell-based CMOS sensor and actuator arrays

In recent years, increasing knowledge about in vitro cell handling and culturing has encouraged a variety of CMOS-based approaches to stimulate and detect electrical activity of biological cells. This paper outlines in a topical review the scope of cell-based biosensors and actuators for in vitro applications ranging from single-cell detection to multisite probing of complex neural tissue. Recent examples are selected to demonstrate how standard CMOS processes have been used to engineer arrays with different functionality.
Active antennas for MIMO and beamforming operation

Data rates in mobile communication networks are increasing dramatically by excessive usage of data traffic and thus driving the tendency for use of adaptive antennas (AAS) for MIMO operation (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and beam forming, procedures for coordinated multipoint transmission (COMP) and tendency to smaller cells. The acceptance of active antennas is very sensitive to the high reliability requirements. Thus the evolution goes step by step from the use of tower top Remote Radio Heads (RRH) to the integration of these radios into antennas and as a logical last step to the distributed transceivers in the antennas (Active Antenna Systems-AAS). These array antennas can be used in different operation modes: Beam forming, Polarization control and MIMO. This paper gives an overview about the actual status of radio integration and typical values for MIMO operation and evaluates the impact of vertical and horizontal steerable AAS on data throughput.
A hybrid traffic geographic routing with cooperative traffic information collection scheme in VANET

The routing of data in inter-vehicle communication technologies has obtained tremendous amount of researchers' attention during the last few years. Many routing protocols utilize vehicular traffic information as a metric to determine optimal routing paths to transmit data in vehicular environment. Due to the difficulty as well as the enormous deployment costs of static nodes and the arduous effort to obtain non-real-time traffic information, the existing traffic information collection mechanisms could not provide the efficiency that is needed for the VANETs environment. In this paper, we present a novel collaborative real-time traffic information collection mechanism. It includes hybrid traffic information collection, road weight information dissemination, as well as the hybrid traffic geographic routing. The collaborative real-time traffic information collection mechanism effectively collects and disseminates real-time hybrid traffic information such as node density and network traffic load. In most VANET routing protocols, the network traffic load is always ignored and this action may cause network performance degradation in heavy-traffic load networks. In proposed hybrid traffic geographical routing, a forwarding node at a junction adaptively decides on a routing path based on the real-time hybrid traffic information. It consists of successions of road junctions to find the destination node for the data packet. Between two consecutive junctions on the path, geographical forwarding is used to select forwarding nodes on the road. Simulation results not only shows the proposed mechanism has the ability to collect real-time traffic information effectively with only slight control overhead, yet also has the ability to avoid from choosing an already congested path. Simulation results also show that the proposed mechanism outperforms routing protocols like GSR (Geographic Source Routing) and GyTAR (improved Greedy Traffic Aware Routing Protocol) in terms of average delivery ratio.
Evaluation of a new balloon occlusion catheter specifically designed for measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient

Despite the important clinical value of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and its increasing use, no specific balloon occlusion catheters have been designed to cannulate liver veins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of a novel balloon (NC) occlusion catheter specifically designed for HVPG measurement.
Haemodynamic evaluation of pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension is characterised by the chronic elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) leading to right ventricular enlargement and hypertrophy. Pulmonary hypertension may result from respiratory and cardiac diseases, the most severe forms occurring in thromboembolic and primary pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is most often defined as a mean PAP >25 mmHg at rest or >30 mmHg during exercise, the pressure being measured invasively with a pulmonary artery catheter. Doppler echocardiography allows serial, noninvasive follow-up of PAPs and right heart function. When the adaptive mechanisms of right ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy cannot compensate for the haemodynamic burden, right heart failure occurs and is associated with poor prognosis. The haemodynamic profile is the major determinant of prognosis. In both primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension, special attention must be paid to the assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), right heart function and pulmonary vasodilatory reserve. Recent studies have stressed the prognostic values of exercise capacity (6-min walk test), right atrial pressure, stroke index and vasodilator challenge responses, as well as an interest in new imaging techniques and natriuretic peptide determinations. Overall, careful haemodynamic evaluation may optimise new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in pulmonary hypertension.
Pain inhibition is deficient in chronic widespread pain but normal in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND Given the complex relationships between fibromyalgia and major depressive disorder (MDD), it has been suggested that fibromyalgia is a "masked" MDD. In experimental settings, fibromyalgia is associated with lowered pain thresholds (hyperalgesia) and deficient pain inhibition. Similarly, it has been recently proposed that the proneness of patients with MDD to develop chronic pain results from a deficit in pain inhibition. This cross-sectional study measured experimentally induced pain perception and inhibition in patients with MDD and patients with fibromyalgia. METHOD Participants were 29 patients with fibromyalgia (American College of Rheumatology criteria), 26 patients with MDD (DSM-IV criteria), and 40 healthy controls who did not differ in age, sex, or the presence or absence of a menstrual cycle. Data were collected between June 2007 and May 2008. Thermal stimuli were used to measure pain thresholds. Pain inhibition was elicited using a tonic thermal test (Peltier thermode) administered before and after activation of the diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) by means of a cold pressor test. RESULTS Thermal pain thresholds were higher in healthy controls compared to patients with MDD and patients with fibromyalgia. Pain ratings during the cold pressor test were lower in healthy controls and patients with MDD relative to patients with fibromyalgia. Finally, DNIC efficacy was stronger in healthy controls compared to patients with fibromyalgia, while no significant differences were found between healthy controls and patients with MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that (1) fibromyalgia and MDD are both associated with signs of hyperalgesia, (2) hyperalgesia is more pronounced in fibromyalgia, and (3) the deficit of pain inhibition is specific to fibromyalgia. As such, these results suggest that there is an overlap between fibromyalgia and MDD, but that fibromyalgia can be distinguished from MDD in terms of DNIC efficacy.
Decreased CXCR3+ CD8 T Cells in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Suggest that a Homing Defect Contributes to Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Dysfunction

ABSTRACT To exert their cytotoxic function, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) must be recruited into infected lymphoid tissue where the majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication occurs. Normally, effector T cells exit lymph nodes (LNs) and home to peripheral sites of infection. How HIV-specific CTL migrate into lymphoid tissue from which they are normally excluded is unknown. We investigated which chemokines and receptors mediate this reverse homing and whether impairment of this homing could contribute to CTL dysfunction as HIV infection progresses. Analysis of CTL chemokine receptor expression in the blood and LNs of untreated HIV-infected individuals with stable, chronic infection or advanced disease demonstrated that LNs were enriched for CXCR3+ CD8 T cells in all subjects, suggesting a key role for this receptor in CTL homing to infected lymphoid tissue. Compared to subjects with chronic infection, however, subjects with advanced disease had fewer CXCR3+ CD8 T cells in blood and LNs. CXCR3 expression on bulk and HIV-specific CD8 T cells correlated positively with CD4 count and negatively with viral load. In advanced infection, there was an accumulation of HIV-specific CD8 T cells at the effector memory stage; however, decreased numbers of CXCR3+ CD8 T cells were seen across all maturation subsets. Plasma CXCL9 and CXCL10 were elevated in both infected groups in comparison to the levels in uninfected controls, whereas lower mRNA levels of CXCR3 ligands and CD8 in LNs were seen in advanced infection. These data suggest that both CXCR3+ CD8 T cells and LN CXCR3 ligands decrease as HIV infection progresses, resulting in reduced homing of CTL into LNs and contributing to immune dysfunction.