Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zoonotic viral Infections in south africa: An overview

Zoonotic infections have plagued human populations for centuries. More than 60% of infectious pathogenic organisms are zoonotic in nature. Numerous vertebrate animals serve as reservoirs or amplifier hosts for these zoonoses. The factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of viral zoonoses include a complex interaction of factors, including environmental changes, human demographics and behaviour, and viral determinants. Zoonotic viruses are among the most important examples of emerging diseases since they can adapt rapidly to changing conditions. It is thus important that medical practitioners have some knowledge of their local zoonotic viral diseases, as this will allow for appropriate management of these conditions, most of which are often neglected. *Correspondence to: Howard Newmana, 6th Floor, NHLS Building, Cnr Buckingham Road and Eastbourne Road, Mount Croix, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Tel: +27413956152; E-mail: howard.newman@nhls.ac. za
Interapy: Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress via the Internet

This paper describes the theoretical background and procedures (including psycho-education, screening, treatment protocol and outcome measurement) involved in a protocol-driven internet treatment of post-traumatic stress and grief in a group of people who have suffered from mild to relatively severe trauma. The paper examines the results of 3 outcome and process studies, which were carried out initially in a student population and subsequently in the general population of highly traumatized people. In the latter study, participants in the experimental condition ( n r = r 69) improved significantly more than participants in the waiting list control condition ( n r = r 32), with respect to trauma-related symptoms and general psychopathology. The effect sizes were large. More than 50% of the participants treated showed reliable change and clinically significant improvement after treatment for avoidance and depression. Treatment proved most beneficial for participants who had suffered from intentional trauma and those who had not previously discussed the traumatic events with significant others. Content analysis of the publications indicates a remarkable increase in cognitive coping during treatment. The possibilities for future research into internet-driven treatment of post-traumatic stress symptomatology are discussed, including the proposal to study the effects of sending a final written letter to a significant other person.
Mobile Robots: Motor Challenges and Materials Solutions

Bolted-down robots labor in our factories, performing the same task over and over again. Where are the robots that run and jump? Equaling human performance is very difficult for many reasons, including the basic challenge of demonstrating motors and transmissions that efficiently match the power per unit mass of muscle. In order to exceed animal agility, new actuators are needed. Materials that change dimension in response to applied voltage, so-called artificial muscle technologies, outperform muscle in most respects and so provide a promising means of improving robots. In the longer term, robots powered by atomically perfect fibers will outrun us all.
Acupuncture for chronic knee pain: a protocol for an updated systematic review

Introduction The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for patients with chronic knee pain. Methods and analysis MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTERAL, CINAHL and four Chinese medical databases will be searched from their inception to present. We will also manually retrieve eligible studies. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which acupuncture is assessed as the sole treatment or as an adjunct treatment for chronic knee pain will be included. The primary outcome of our analysis is pain measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale or the 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS). The secondary outcomes will include the quality of life, measured by the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and adverse events. Two researchers will conduct the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment independently. Any disagreement will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. The Cochrane risk-of-bias criteria and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) checklist will be used to assess the methodological quality of the trials. Dissemination This systematic review will assess the current evidence on acupuncture therapy for chronic knee pain. It uses aggregated published data instead of individual patient data and does not require an ethical board review and approval. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated in conference presentations. It will provide the latest analysis of the currently available evidence for acupuncture treating chronic knee pain. Trial registration number CRD42014015514.
Gene3D: a domain-based resource for comparative genomics, functional annotation and protein network analysis

Gene3D http://gene3d.biochem. ucl.ac. uk is a comprehensive database of protein domain assignments for sequences from the major sequence databases. Domains are directly mapped from structures in the CATH database or predicted using a library of representative profile HMMs derived from CATH superfamilies. As previously described, Gene3D integrates many other protein family and function databases. These facilitate complex associations of molecular function, structure and evolution. Gene3D now includes a domain functional family (FunFam) level below the homologous superfamily level assignments. Additions have also been made to the interaction data. More significantly, to help with the visualization and interpretation of multi-genome scale data sets, we have developed a new, revamped website. Searching has been simplified with more sophisticated filtering of results, along with new tools based on Cytoscape Web, for visualizing protein–protein interaction networks, differences in domain composition between genomes and the taxonomic distribution of individual superfamilies.
Plasmonic properties of coupled metal wires in the cluster with triangular or square configuration

This paper presents a theoretical investigation and a straightforward analysis of the plasmonic properties of coupled metal wires in the cluster with triangular or square configuration. Solution of the eigenvalue problem in form of matrix equations is received. Eigenoscillationg frequencies and quality factors of the nanowires of such configurations are studied. Possibility of quality factor enhancement in optimized assemble configurations has been demonstrated.
Multilevel Multiphase Space Vector PWM Algorithm With Switching State Redundancy

Multilevel multiphase technology combines the benefits of multilevel converters and multiphase machines. Nevertheless, new modulation techniques must be developed to take advantage of multilevel multiphase converters. In this paper, a new space vector pulsewidth modulation algorithm for multilevel multiphase voltage source converters with switching state redundancy is introduced. As in three-phase converters, the switching state redundancy permits to achieve different goals like extending the modulation index and reducing the number of switchings. This new algorithm can be applied to the most usual multilevel topologies; it has low computational complexity, and it is suitable for hardware implementations. Finally, the algorithm was implemented in a field-programmable gate array, and it was tested by using a five-level five-phase inverter feeding a motor.
A Self-Calibrated DLL-Based Clock Generator for an Energy-Aware EISC Processor

This paper describes a low-jitter delay-locked loop (DLL)-based clock generator for dynamic frequency scaling in the extendable instruction set computing (EISC) processor. The DLL-based clock generator provides the system clock with frequencies of 0.5× to 8× of the reference clock, according to the workload of the EISC processor. The proposed analog self-calibration method and a phase detector with an auxiliary charge pump can effectively reduce the delay mismatch between delay cells in the voltage-controlled delay line and the static phase offset due to the current mismatch in the charge pump, respectively. The self-calibrated output waveform exhibits 9.7 ps of RMS jitter and 73.7 ps of peak-to-peak jitter at 120 MHz. The prototype clock generator implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process occupies an active area of 0.27 mm2 and consumes 15.56 mA.
Concurrent zero-knowledge

Concurrent executions of a zero-knowledge protocol by a single prover (with one or more verifiers) may leak information and may not be zero-knowledge <i>in toto</i>. In this article, we study the problem of maintaining zero-knowledge.We introduce the notion of an (α, β) <i>timing constraint</i>: for any two processors <i>P</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>P</i><sub>2</sub>, if <i>P</i><sub>1</sub> measures α elapsed time on its local clock and <i>P</i><sub>2</sub> measures β elapsed time on its local clock, and <i>P</i><sub>2</sub> starts <i>after</i> <i>P</i><sub>1</sub> does, then <i>P</i><sub>2</sub> will finish after <i>P</i><sub>1</sub> does. We show that if the adversary is constrained by an (α, β) assumption then there exist four-round almost concurrent zero-knowledge interactive proofs and perfect concurrent zero-knowledge arguments for every language in <i>NP</i>. We also address the more specific problem of <i>Deniable Authentication</i>, for which we propose several particularly efficient solutions. Deniable Authentication is of independent interest, even in the sequential case; our concurrent solutions yield sequential solutions <i>without recourse to timing</i>, that is, in the standard model.
A cost-benefit analysis of public and private communication

Understanding the diversity of animal signals requires knowledge of factors which may influence the different stages of communication, from the production of a signal by the sender up to the detection, identification and final decision-making in the receiver. We studied a Neotropical katydid (Docidocercus gigliotosi) which uses airborne sound for long distance communication, but also an alternative form of private signalling through substrate vibration. Males spend more time with private signalling under full moon conditions, when the nocturnal rainforest favours predation by visually hunting predators. For either type of signal we measured the energetic costs of producing it, its active space, and the background noise levels in both transmission channels. Signal perception was studied using neurophysiological methods under outdoor conditions, which is more reliable for the private mode of communication. Our results demonstrate the complex effects of ecological conditions, such as predation, nocturnal ambient light levels, and masking noise on the performance of receivers in detecting mating signals, affecting the net advantage or disadvantage of either mode of communication.
Microcredit and Microenterprises Performance in Malaysia

This study examined the effects of microcredit provided by Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) on the performance of microenterprises by the participants in Malaysia. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and the quantitative data were collected from a total of 387 borrowers of AIM. The findings revealed significantly positive correlations between microenterprises performances and economic loan, number of training programs, as well as hours of training programs. The multiple regression analysis further confirmed the positive and statistically significant effects of economic loan and number of training programs on the performance of microenterprises by the participants of AIM in Malaysia. However, the length of participation shows a negative effect on microenterprise performance. These findings highlighted the positive effect of microcredit on microenterprises performance such as access to credit, microenterprises' development training programs, and negative effects on the psychological aspect of the entrepreneurs by the microcredit availability and long-term credit. The government and development organisations in Malaysia should focus on designing fixable and diversified credit schemes with a watchful eye on the duration of the loan and training programs for the microenterprises in Malaysia.
A population-based study of the drug interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel

Background: Most proton pump inhibitors inhibit the bioactivation of clopidogrel to its active metabolite. The clinical significance of this drug interaction is unknown. Methods: We conducted a population-based nested case–control study among patients aged 66 years or older who commenced clopidogrel between Apr. 1, 2002, and Dec. 31, 2007, following hospital discharge after treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The cases in our study were those readmitted with acute myocardial infarction within 90 days after discharge. We performed a secondary analysis considering events within 1 year. Event-free controls (at a ratio of 3:1) were matched to cases on age, percutaneous coronary intervention and a validated risk score. We categorized exposure to proton pump inhibitors before the index date as current (within 30 days), previous (31–90 days) or remote (91–180 days). Results: Among 13 636 patients prescribed clopidogrel following acute myocardial infarction, we identified 734 cases readmitted with myocardial infarction and 2057 controls. After extensive multivariable adjustment, current use of proton pump inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of reinfarction (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.57). We found no association with more distant exposure to proton pump inhibitors or in multiple sensitivity analyses. In a stratified analysis, pantoprazole, which does not inhibit cytochrome P450 2C19, had no association with readmission for myocardial infarction (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.70–1.47). Interpretation: Among patients receiving clopidogrel following acute myocardial infarction, concomitant therapy with proton pump inhibitors other than pantoprazole was associated with a loss of the beneficial effects of clopidogrel and an increased risk of reinfarction.
MOSFET optimization in deep submicron technology for charge amplifiers

The optimization of the input MOSFET for charge amplifiers in deep submicron technologies is discussed. After a review of the traditional approach, the impact of properly modeling the equivalent series noise and gate capacitance of the MOSFET is presented. It is shown that the minimum channel length and the maximum available power are not always the best choice in terms of resolution. Also, in an optimized front-end, the low frequency noise contribution to the equivalent noise charge may depend on the time constant of the filter. As an example, results from the commercial TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology are reported.
A Balancing View: Who Said Size Does Not Matter?

When colonoscopy became first available, technique was the main issue and everyone was preoccupied with reaching the cecum. With technical advances, more and more polyps became accessible and they were all removed. It was obvious that some lesions were worth removing and some were not and that, in general, the smaller the lesion the less advanced it was. I do not recall any heated discussions about polyps found on a barium enema; the issue of polyp size came up in the context of lesions removed at sigmoidoscopy and debates were staged regarding size or histology as determinants to obtaining a colonoscopy. In time, as the use of screening sigmoidoscopy plummeted, preoccupation with size shifted to the proper interval for follow-up colonoscopy after removal of diminutive adenomas from the colon. Consequently, most present recommendations include longer intervals between colonoscopies than we were used to in the past.
Study of Incidence and Prevalence of Pelvic Fractures in Central India

Authors Dr Ashok Vidyarthi, Dr Devendra Nayak NSCB Medical College Abstract This is a study of 244 cases of pelvic fracture presented in the selected centers of Jabalpur zone of Madhya Pradesh in the duration of two years from 2011 to 2013. Demographical characteristics of pelvic fractures like Age, Sex, Locality, Occupation, Socioeconomic Status, Associated Injury and Comorbid Condition in pelvic fracture patients were studied in particular population. All cases were classified according to Young and Burgess Classification, Tile’s Classification and Letournel & Judet Classification system and studied the distribution of cases according to these classification system.
Fine Mapping of the NRG1 Hirschsprung's Disease Locus

The primary pathology of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR, colon aganglionosis) is the absence of ganglia in variable lengths of the hindgut, resulting in functional obstruction. HSCR is attributed to a failure of migration of the enteric ganglion precursors along the developing gut. RET is a key regulator of the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the major HSCR-causing gene. Yet the reduced penetrance of RET DNA HSCR-associated variants together with the phenotypic variability suggest the involvement of additional genes in the disease. Through a genome-wide association study, we uncovered a ∼350 kb HSCR-associated region encompassing part of the neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1). To identify the causal NRG1 variants contributing to HSCR, we genotyped 243 SNPs variants on 343 ethnic Chinese HSCR patients and 359 controls. Genotype analysis coupled with imputation narrowed down the HSCR-associated region to 21 kb, with four of the most associated SNPs (rs10088313, rs10094655, rs4624987, and rs3884552) mapping to the NRG1 promoter. We investigated whether there was correlation between the genotype at the rs10088313 locus and the amount of NRG1 expressed in human gut tissues (40 patients and 21 controls) and found differences in expression as a function of genotype. We also found significant differences in NRG1 expression levels between diseased and control individuals bearing the same rs10088313 risk genotype. This indicates that the effects of NRG1 common variants are likely to depend on other alleles or epigenetic factors present in the patients and would account for the variability in the genetic predisposition to HSCR.
Engaging with the Baby as a Person in Their Own Right:Early Intervention with Parents and Infants

This paper reviews and summarizes therapeutic interventions between parents and their babies by observing engagement with babies through psychological holding, communication with them as persons in their own right and pleasurable playfulness in infant-therapist interactions. In light of the fact that the increased capacity of parents in vulnerable families to think reflectively about their infant’s mind is usually a significant therapeutic method, the report suggests that engaging with the infant in the parents’ presence is usually therapeutic as well. It has been reported worldwide that the increase in interventions with infants and parents are effective, when the interactions were made: for individuals and groups; for a short and long term; in the psychodynamic and behavioral manner. Therefore, the task ahead is to further clarify the mechanisms for change. In this paper, we focused on short-term infant-parent psychotherapy by working with parents and infants in the prenatal period. Time pressure sometimes makes this no more than a relational encounter informed by psychoanalytic thinking, such as containment of feelings and thoughts incurred when unconscious conflictual or early implicit meanings distort a parent’s relationships with their baby. While there are cultural differences in views about infants, some of these ideas seem universally applicable, for instance, to the importance of sensitive parenting and attachment. Psychoanalysis 2012;23:3-9
Infant mortality statistics from the 2005 period linked birth/infant death data set.

OBJECTIVES This report presents 2005 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data file by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. The linked file differs from the mortality file, which is based entirely on death certificate data. METHODS Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. Excluding rates by cause of death, the infant mortality rate is now published with two decimal places. RESULTS The U.S. infant mortality rate was 6.86 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2005, which is statistically unchanged from 6.78 in 2004. Infant mortality rates ranged from 4.89 deaths per 1,000 live births for Asian or Pacific Islander (API) mothers to 13.63 for non-Hispanic black mothers. Among Hispanics, rates ranged from 4.42 for Cuban mothers to 8.30 for Puerto Rican mothers. Infant mortality rates were higher for infants who were born in multiple deliveries or whose mothers were born in the 50 states and the District of Columbia or were unmarried. Infant mortality was also higher for male infants and infants born preterm or at low birthweight. The neonatal mortality rate was essentially unchanged from 2004 (4.52) to 2005 (4.54). The postneonatal mortality rate increased 3 percent from 2.25 in 2004 to 2.32 in 2005. Infants born at the lowest gestational ages and birthweights have a large impact on overall U.S. infant mortality. For example, more than one-half (55 percent) of all infant deaths in the United States in 2005 occurred to the 2 percent of infants born very preterm (less than 32 weeks of gestation). Infant mortality rates for late preterm infants (34-36 weeks of gestation) were three times those for term infants (37-41 weeks). The three leading causes of infant death--congenital malformations, low birthweight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)--accounted for 44 percent all infant deaths. The percentage of infant deaths that were "preterm-related" increased from 34.6 percent in 2000 to 36.5 percent in 2005. The preterm-related infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic black mothers was 3.4 times higher and the rate for Puerto Rican mothers was 87 percent higher than the rate for non-Hispanic white mothers.
Arithmetic Cryptography: Extended Abstract

We study the possibility of computing cryptographic primitives in a fully-black-box arithmetic model over a finite field $\F$. In this model, the input to a cryptographic primitive (e.g., encryption scheme) is given as a sequence of field elements, the honest parties are implemented by arithmetic circuits which make only a black-box use of the underlying field, and the adversary has a full (non-black-box) access to the field. This model captures many standard information-theoretic constructions. We prove several positive and negative results in this model for various cryptographic tasks. On the positive side, we show that, under reasonable assumptions, computational primitives like commitment schemes, public-key encryption, oblivious transfer, and general secure two-party computation can be implemented in this model. On the negative side, we prove that garbled circuits, homomorphic encryption, and secure computation with low online complexity cannot be achieved in this model. Our results reveal a qualitative difference between the standard model and the arithmetic model, and explain, in retrospect, some of the limitations of previous constructions.