Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generative mechanisms of information use for project monitoring in humanitarian health management information systems

Humanitarian medical organizations operating in protracted crises face extremely dynamic environments. They rely on information on the ground to prove their eﬀectiveness and accountability, an expectation where its fulﬁlment is driven by implementations of ICT. In the transition of immediate relief towards longer-term development, the digitalization eﬀorts within health information systems aim to yield actionable insights in and across projects in order to achieve sustainable impacts. Monitoring relies on routinely collected and assessed data; however, previous research has shown that a multitude of factors inﬂuence actual information use for evidence-based decision-making in health management information systems. This case study empirically examines a globally operating humanitarian organization (M´edecins Sans Fronti`eres) by drawing on the philosophical framework of critical realism. It aims to highlight the contextual conditions and structures that enact the contingent mechanisms at work in project monitoring within humanitarian health management information systems. By applying an aﬀordance-based causal analysis, three generative mechanisms are identiﬁed. First, an analytics service provides templated analysis modalities resulting in user-producer-provider relationships. Second, the rationalization and synchronization of content gives rise to the standardization strategy of ﬂexible generiﬁca-tion. Third, the study uncovers the potential for increased internal social discourse and advocacy through collaborative and mobile data analysis. This thesis in humanitarian health information systems demonstrates that mechanism-based explanations can be useful for theory-building in information systems research.
Four‐wave mixing efficiency in traveling wave semiconductor optical amplifiers at high saturation

We report an experimental investigation of the conversion efficiency of a frequency converter based on four‐wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers. We find that the maximum of conversion efficiency has a nonlinear dependence on the unsaturated gain of the device. The observed features are explained by the presence of the Auger and bimolecular recombination.
Sport Officials ’ Motivations Why Ref ? Understanding sport officials ’ motivations to begin , continue , and quit

With attrition rates of 30% (Deacon, 2001), organizations need to understand sport officials’ motivations to become and remain officials rather than quit. The purpose of this study was to assess these motivations. Using questionnaire data from an existing survey, we categorized participants (N = 514) as interactors, monitors, and reactors (MacMahon & Plessner, 2008). Sport officials were motivated to begin officiating for intrinsic and for the sport reasons. For continuing officiating, participants cited intrinsic and social motivations. Finally, interactors, monitors, and reactors cited lack of respect, too much stress, and lack of recognition, respectively, as their main beliefs for why sport officials quit. Practical recommendations are provided, which might assist sport governing bodies in recruiting and retaining sport officials.
NMR isotopomer analysis of human urine

Mammalian liver disposes of acetaminophen and other ingested xenobiotics by forming soluble glucuronides that are subsequently removed via renal filtration. When given in combination with the stable isotopes H and C, the glucuronide of acetaminophen isolated from urine provides a convenient ‘‘chemical biopsy’’ for evaluating intermediary metabolism in the liver. Here, we describe isolation and purification of urinary acetaminophen glucuronide and its conversion to monoacetone glucose (MAG). Subsequent H and C NMR analysis of MAG from normal volunteers after ingestion of H2O and [UC3]propionate allowed a noninvasive profiling of hepatic gluconeogenic pathways. The method should find use in metabolic studies of infants and other populations where blood sampling is either limited or problematic. 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Spatial Variability Mapping of Soil Nutrient through Geo-informatics Technology

The Knowledge of spatial-variability is critical for site specific nutrient management in soil fertility. Soil sample (149) were gotten from surface from 10 selected sites for preparing precise digital maps using point, line and polygon tools of the GIS (TNTmips 2010) software. Soil spatial variability typically defines variation in soil properties in surface soil such as fertility, pH, EC, soil organic carbon (OC), free CaCO 3, mineralizable N,P 2 O 5 , K 2 O and S. In this study 149 soil samples were collected from the Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa Farm, and based on the score of nutrients, corresponding thematic maps were drawn up. The thematic soil maps clearly revealed the distribution of different physico-chemical characteristics and available nutrients status
Evolution of the Vertebrate Kidney Baffles Evolutionists

An unbridgeable gap exists between the simple urinary system used in invertebrates and the far more complex kidney system used in all vertebrates. No direct evidence of the evolution of one system into the other exists, nor have any viable “just-so” stories been proposed to explain the evolution of the simple invertebrate urinary system into the complex vertebrate kidney-urinary system. The common reason evolutionists give for the lack of evidence to bridge this chasm is that soft tissue is usually not preserved in the fossil record. The problem with this claim is thousands of so-called “living fossils” exist that are claimed to be anatomically close to their hundreds of millions years old design which should display evidence of the less evolved organs. Thus, if kidney evolution occurred, evidence of primitive kidneys in living animals that bridged the two very different systems would exist. Comparisons with living fossils reveals a “paleontologic record [that] is ambiguous and open to controversy” (Romer and Parsons 1986, 399). Another problem for evolution is that a design is employed even in the simplest, least-evolved mammals, that is very similar to that used in the highest-evolved primates, including humans (Romagnani, Lasagni, and Remuzzi 2013). All vertebrates use very close to the same design, and the few variations that exist are relatively minor. The main reason the designs are very similar is that, functioning effectively to remove waste products requires a specific, irreducibly complex kidney design. ISSN: 1937-9056 Copyright © 2021 Answers in Genesis, Inc. All content is owned by Answers in Genesis (“AiG”) unless otherwise indicated. AiG consents to unlimited copying and distribution of print copies of Answers Research Journal articles for non-commercial, non-sale purposes only, provided the following conditions are met: the author of the article is clearly identified; Answers in Genesis is acknowledged as the copyright owner; Answers Research Journal and its website, www.answersresearchjournal. org, are acknowledged as the publication source; and the integrity of the work is not compromised in any way. For website and other electronic distribution and publication, AiG consents to republication of article abstracts with direct links to the full papers on the ARJ website. All rights reserved. For more information write to: Answers in Genesis, PO Box 510, Hebron, KY 41048, Attn: Editor, Answers Research Journal. The views expressed are those of the writer(s) and not necessarily those of the Answers Research Journal Editor or of Answers in Genesis.
Chapter 1 Methods for studying music-related body motion

This chapter presents an overview of some methodological approaches and technologies that can be used in the study of music-related body motion. The aim is not to cover all possible approaches, but rather highlight some of the ones that are more relevant from a musicological point of view. This includes methods for video-based and sensorbased motion analyses, both qualitative and quantitative. It also includes discussions of the strengths and weaknesses of the different methods, and reflections on how the methods can be used in connection to other data in question, such as physiological or neurological data, symbolic notation, sound recordings and contextual data.
Research Progress on the Mechanism of GA andABA during Seed Germination

The dormancy and germination of seeds are determined by the balance between the embryo growth potential and the binding force imposed by the seed coat. The germination of different seeds is not synchronized, and the stimulus required to promote germination varies greatly. Before germination, the seeds need to undergo water absorption, reactivate metabolic activities and redifferentiate embryonic tissues to mobilize nutrients stored in seeds and initiate meristematic activities. The transition from dry seeds to seedlings is highly sensitive to different environmental conditions, especially light, temperature and water. This response to environmental signals is regulated by one or more hormones. Various plant hormones regulate seed germination through highly complex interactions. Among them, the role of GA (gibberellin) and ABA (Abscisic acid) in regulating seed germination is particularly critical. This article reviewed the mechanisms by which GA and ABA control seed dormancy at the molecular level, and discussed the way they interact with other hormones. Finally, the development direction of plant hormone research on seed germination is prospected.
Using weight decision for decreasing the price of anarchy in bin packing games

A selfish bin packing game is a variant of the classical bin packing problem in a game theoretic setting. In our model the items have not only a size but also a nonnegative weight. Each item plays the role of a selfish agent, and any agent/item pays some cost for being in a bin. The cost of a bin is 1, and this cost is shared among the items being in the bin, proportionally to their weight. A packing of the items into bins is called a Nash equilibrium if no item can decrease its cost by moving to another bin. In this paper we present two different settings for the weights which provide better values for the price of anarchy (PoA) than previous settings investigated so far. The improved PoA is not bigger than 16/11 ≈ 1.4545. Moreover, we give a general lower bound for the price of anarchy which holds for all possible choices of the weights.
Escherichia coli DAN Bacillus cereus

Activity tests of essential lime oil (Citrus hystrix DC) from its leaves, twigs, and rinds on the growth of gram-negative bacteria E. coli and gram-positive B. cereus have been conducted. Essential lime oil was obtained by steam distillation of leaves, twigs and rind for 5 h. GC-MS was used to analyze the composition of essential lime oil. Well diffusion method was used for antibacterial activities testing with concentrations of solution were 100, 300, 500 μL/mL in ethanol and microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The results showed that higher concentration of essential lime oil led higher minimal inhibitory in which minimal inhibitory of essential oil from rind was higher than that of leaves and twigs. MICs values of E.coli are 25, 50 and 12.5 μL/mL and of B.cereus are 6.25, 12.5 and 3.12 μL/mL of leaves, twigs and rind, respectively. Citronellal compound was found as main component of essential lime oil from leaves and twigs with value of 85.7 % and 46.4 %, respectively. In addition, Activity Test of Essential Lime Oil of Leaves, Twigs, and Rind against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus JKPK (JURNAL KIMIA DAN PENDIDIKAN KIMIA), Vol. 2, No. 3, Desember 2017, hal.126-132 127 sabinene (9.2%), β-pinene (21.4%), limonene (12.5%), citronellal (20.9%) and terpinene-4-ol (11.9%) were found as compounds of essential lime oil from rind.
The Autonomous Decision System Choice

Research presented previously at the Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS) has explored information security and privacy issues focusing on understanding the incentives and tradeoff decisions of people interacting with systems. This paper extends this research approach to a new domain, the tradeoff decisions regarding the use (or not) of autonomous decision-making systems (ADS). An ADS, in practice, often substitutes for a human decision maker such as in the case of an autonomous vehicle, or assists humans in complex tasks that are difficult to fully automate. ADS technology is increasingly playing a critical role in many organizational processes especially for safety-critical systems, such as controlling vehicles in transportation systems. This paper analyzes data from traffic control centers for INFRABEL, the Belgian National Railroad Company. At INFRABEL, operational service delivery decisions are made in real-time by human decision-makers, Traffic Controllers (TCs), each of whom are paired with a collaborative ADS. The ADS can set routes and open signals automatically when a train approaches or departs a station. Alternatively, the TC may decide to switch off the ADS for a certain train or sections of the railroad network and make decisions manually. This research explores which system factors are meaningful predictors of the use of the ADS by a TC in the control center versus the TC making manual decisions. The results provide insights that are applicable to the broader understanding of people’s decision choices when actions can be manual or autonomous.
Search for Arsenite Oxidizing Anoxygenic Photolithoautotrophs

Arsenic introduced by natural processes or human activities can result in the contamination of water. The presence of arsenic in drinking water is detrimental to human life due to its high toxicity. Arsenic exists in the environment in two oxidation states, As (arsenate) and As (arsenite). Microorganisms mediate various geochemical processes in arsenic cycling. Although numbers of dissimilatory arsenate-reducing chemolithoheterotrophs, and arsenite oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs and chemolithoheterotrophs have been reported, arsenite oxidizing photolithoautotrophs have not been found. The objective of this research was to isolate and identify arsenite oxidizing anoxygenic photolithoautotroph. Two different (As2S3) orpiment degraders that utilize sulfide from orpiment were found, although arsenite oxidizing photolithoautotrophs were not.
Evaporative light scattering and thermospray mass spectrometry: Two alternative methods for detection and quantitative liquid chromatographic determination of ginkgolides and bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts and phytopharmaceuticals

Evaporative light scattering and thermospray mass spectrometry have been investigated as two alternative methods for the liquid chromatographic detection of ginkgolides and bilobalide. Both techniques were used to quantify these metabolites in leaf extracts and in some phytopharmaceuticals. Only a minimum of sample pre-purification was required. Results were compared with those obtained by gas chromatography (flame ionization detection), which is one of the most suitable methods for routine determinations of such compounds. The isolation of ginkgolides A, B, C, and J and bilobalide from leaves of Ginkgo biloba is also described.
Synthesis and thermal stability properties of boron‐doped silicone resin

In this article, a novel boron-doped silicone resin (BSR) was synthesized by hydrolysis-polycondensation method, with propyl-triethoxysilane (PTES), dimethyl-diethoxysilane (DMDES), and boric acid (BA) as starting materials, using absolute ethyl alcohol as solvent and hydrochloric acid as catalyst. The structures of the BSR were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FTIR spectra showed characteristic BOSi and SiOSi stretching modes. XPS and NMR results confirmed further that boron element was doped successfully into the main chains of the silicone resin as SiOB bond motifs, and hydroxyl groups from BA were condensed properly with SiOH or SiOR to form cross-linked structure of BSR with narrowed molecular weight distributions in optimum experimental condition. The thermal stability of the BSR was studied by thermogravimetry analysis and derivative thermogravimetry. The thermal degradation temperature of the silicone resin improved greatly after doping element boron into the main chain, and the thermal stability of the BSR was influenced by the content of boron. The thermal degradation mechanism of this BSR was also discussed. The degradation process can be divided into two stages, the weight loss in the first stages may be corresponding to the loss of the small groups and weaker bonds in the chains, such as CH3, and C3H7, the weight loss in the second stage may be corresponding to the loss of the group as OC2H5. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40934.
The Fabrication of Thin, Freestanding, Single‐Crystal, Semiconductor Membranes

Freestanding, single-crystal, semiconductor membranes with thicknesses in the range of a few tens of nanometers to tens of microns are of increasing technological interest today. Their applications range from high speed electronic devices to electromechanical devices and pressure sensors. This review paper identifies two general classes of techniques for producing such thin membranes: dissolution of single-crystal wafers, and direct growth of single-crystal membranes
Dehydration of ethanol using azeotropic distillation with isooctane

The viability of an azeotropic distillation process using 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) as an entrainer to dehydrate ethanol and obtain a mixture of ethanol + isooctane without water is analyzed utilizing both an experimental procedure and an equilibrium-model-based simulation. The direct manufacture of this mixture of ethanol + isooctane for use as gasoline should avoid the additional cost of dehydrating ethanol in an earlier process. Experimental results indicate that azeotropic distillation allows obtaining mixtures of isooctane + ethanol with water concentrations lower than 50 ppm. The results indicate that the most critical parameter for this process is the reboiler heat duty. Low values of this parameter ( 3.6 kJ/g of feed ethanol) the azeotropic distillation column does not function properly, as the top stream condenses giving only one liquid phase. Results of the equilib.
Human capital : advances in theory and evidence

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

A previously healthy 14-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of fever, abdominal pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting for three days. Five days earlier, his mother had found two ticks on his back and abdomen. On admission, he appeared unwell, with a body temperature of 38.5°C. An abdominal examination revealed splenomegaly and diffuse tenderness on palpation. The initial laboratory testing revealed thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. His fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia persisted, with a platelet count of 10,000/mm3. Bone marrow aspiration was performed to rule out the possibility of malignancies. An increased ferritin level of 1,942 μg/L (7–140 μg/L) was observed. The bone marrow aspirate demonstrated hypocellularity and hemophagocytosis (Figure A and B), and all other data (fever, >38.5°C; splenomegaly; platelet count, 10,000/mm3; white blood cell count, 1,300/ mm3; and, serum ferritin, 1,942 ng/mL) were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis1 (HLH). Moreover, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) viral RNA was detected by a polymerase chain reaction analysis. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral infection caused by the CCHF virus, a member of the Nairovirus group of the Bunyaviridae family. The patient was diagnosed with HLH attributable to CCHF and was successfully treated with ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and supportive therapy. His leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of liver enzymes, creatine phosphokinase enzymes, and ferritin improved after 48 h of IVIG administration. He was discharged without any sequelae. CCHF is one of the most severe viral zoonotic diseases in humans2,3, and HLH is one of its uncommon complications. Both CCHF and HLH have very high mortality rates in the absence of timely medical intervention. For this reason, a high index of
Federalize Medicaid to Fix the Affordable Care Act: For Efficiency, Equity, and Social Justice

Abstract:Federalizing Medicaid (thereby eliminating state program variation) is a bold and affordable alternative to Medicare for all (M4A) and proposed ACA public options. Making Medicaid an entirely federal program using Congress' budget reconciliation process will reverse the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that enabled states to reject Medicaid expansion. Such legislation achieves Congress' original intention to create universal entitlements for low-income persons who lack health coverage and concentrate new federal health spending on them (unlike M4A). Arguments for federalizing Medicaid involve state budget relief, efficiency, social justice and the history that created national industries from local and state-based health systems. Theory suggests that liberal democracies are generally more successful when path dependent, building incrementally on existing policies instead of plunging into new, untested innovations no matter how rational. In addition to realizing the congressional intent of the ACA, federalizing Medicaid can be a cost-effective, incremental path to single-payer health coverage.
The crystal structure of Na4(UO2)(CO3)3 and its relationship to schröckingerite

Abstract Crystals of the compound Na4(UO2)(CO3)3 have been synthesized and the structure has been solved. It is trigonal with a = 9.3417(6), c = 12.824(1) Å, V = 969.2(1) Å3, space group P3̅c1 and Z = 4. The structure was refined on the basis of F2 (wR2 = 4.2%) for all unique data clected using Mo-Kα X-radiation and a CCD-based detector. The final R1 was 2.0%, calculated for 534 unique observed (Fº ≥ 4σF) reflections, and the goodness-of-fit (S) was 0.91. The structure contains a uranyl tricarbonate cluster composed of a uranyl hexagonal bipyramid that shares three equatorial edges with CO3 triangles. The uranyl tricarbonate clusters are connected through NaO6 and NaO5 polyhedra, forming a heteropolyhedral framework structure. This compound may be related to a uranyl carbonate phase with the same composition which has been reported as an alteration phase on the surface of Chernobyl ‘lava’, and as a mineral in the Jachymov ore district, Czech Republic.