Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Warm and Tonify Kidney-Yang Herbs on Liver Mitochondria Proteome of Kidney-Yang Deficiency Rats

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of warm and tonify kidney-yang herbs on the liver mitochondria proteome of the kidney-yang deficiency rats by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) . METHODS Every liver mitochondria protein sample from the normal rats, the kidney-yang deficiency rats and the kidney-yang deficiency rats treated with warm and tonify kidney-yang herbs was labeled with Cy2,Cy3 or Cy5 respectivley.Each Cy3-labeled sample and Cy5-labeled sample were mixed on the same 2-D gel along with a Cy2-labeled mixture of all samples as an internal standard, using DIGE technology with internal standard.MALDI-TOF MS was used to provide sensitive and accurate mass spectral data for 16 unique proteins that were changed in abundance more than 1.2 folder up or down between normal and kidney-yang deficiency rats, and 11 proteins were successfully identified.RESULTS In the kidney-yang deficiency rats, the expression of heat shock protein 60 and 70 was increased, which contributed to protect the cell from damage.The metabolism of carbohydrate and lipids was reduced due to the decrease of the 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.The metabolism of protein and nucleic acid was enhanced because of the increase of the sarcosine dehydrogenase, carbamoyl- phosphate synthetaseⅠ andsulfite oxidase. For the inhibition of tricarboxylic acid cycle and β-oxidation of fatty acid, the expression of the ATP synthase, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase was increased compensationally and the energy metabolism was alleviated by increasing the output of ATP.The scarcity of ornithine aminotransferase in the kidney-yang deficiency rats resulted in deficient creatine phosphate which was need for depositing energy and most of ATP was consumed as heat energy. Therefore, further deficiency of energy led to deficiency-cold symptom. After the rats suffering kidney-yang deficiency were treated with warm and tonify kidney-yang herbs,the expression of heat shock protein 60, 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase, ATP synthase and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase was increased, which can be attributed to protecting the cell from damage, accelerating the metabolism of carbohydrating and increasing ATP output. CONCLUSION Chinese medicine can treate the kidney-yang deficiency by regulating the energy metabolism of mitochondria.
STUDIES WITH BACILLUS POLYMYXA: III. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Eighty-two strains of Bacillus polymyxa grew in a medium consisting of inorganic salts, glucose, and casein hydrolysate only when biotin was added, hence this growth factor may be considered essential. Thiamin stimulated growth of some strains but inhibited others whereas pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and inositol were without effect. Casein hydrolysate was replaceable by urea, ammonium sulphate, and a mixture of 18 amino hydrolysed acids, but with a few exceptions these substances were not as effective as the protein. Potassium nitrate and asparagine were poor sources of nitrogen. Yeast extract, in a medium containing only glucose and inorganic salts, was superior to all other substances tested in its stimulatory effect on B. polymyxa.
Metabolic Basis of Plant-disease Resistance

Plants could produce many kinds of substances to resist the pathogens by various metabolic pathways in the long - term corevolutian, which include lectins, hydroxyproline- rich glycoprotein(HRGP), calloses, phtoalexins, peroxidases, chitinease,β-1,3-glucanase, pathogenesis - related protein(PR) and salicylic acid. The cell wall of the host liglificated when the host was infected by the pathogens, so the liglification was the lesistant reaction of the host, which could provide a protection zone to prevent the pathogens'further infection. PAL,CA4H and 4CL were the key enzymes of the phenylalanine metabolic pathways. The activities of these enzymes in plants were coonected with the disease ? resistance . The molecular weight of salicylic acid was small, which was fit for long - distance transmission in the phloem, so it was reguarded as signal molecules of the plant induced resistance.
Pizza Chromosomes: A Method for Teaching Modern Genetics

Traditional methods of teaching Mendelian genetics tend to mislead students into visualizing genes as independently defined "beads on a string," with each bead uniquely determining a specific trait in the adult organism. Such a view of the genotype is, of course, incorrect for the overwhelming majority of known genes, and, furthermore, leads the student to a fundamentally erroneous concept of modern genetics. From the earliest days of the New Synthesis, rejection of such a simple-minded view of Mendelism was a major concern of biologists (Lewontin 1970; Mayr 1982). Yet, most of us still teach genetics to our introductory students in just this manner. And most of our students leave our classes believing that unusual genes such as the "big T" and "little t" of the traditional "Pea Labs" represent a realistic model for all of genetics. This is, of course, incorrect. Why do we continue to teach genetics using a model that has been outdated for several decades? We believe the answer lies in the lack of development of more accurate heuristics for teaching introductory biology courses. We propose a laboratory exercise, "Pizza Chromosomes," that we have developed for a non-majors freshman biology course. We have been pleased with its effectiveness, over the past three years, in helping students achieve a more sophisticated concept of genetic function.
Relationship Between Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Pheromone Trap Catch and Population Density: Comparison of Traps Baited with 1 and 500

The relationship between the number of male gypsy moths, Lymantria Dispar (L.), captured in pheromone traps and subsequent egg-mass density in the area surrounding each pheromone trap was determined for traps baited with either 1 or 500 mg of (+)-disparlure. Traps were located along transects that extended from within diflubenzuron-treated spray blocks, in which gypsy moth populations were low (252.0 egg masses per ha), to adjoining areas with high populations (3,390.4 egg masses per ha) that had either been treated with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner or left untreated and that were associated with defoliation of oak, Quercus spp. Traps containing low-dose lures captured means of 5.4 and 32.9 moths in the low and high gypsy moth population density areas, respectively. Traps containing high-dose lures captured means of 431.1 and 874.4 moths in the low and high density areas. Trap captures for both lure doses were significantly correlated with subsequent egg-mass density. Numbers of surviving female pupae under burlap averaged 0.16 and 1.11 per cm in the low- and high-population density areas, respectively. Pupal numbers were also significantly correlated with subsequent egg-mass density. Functional relationships between trap catches and subsequent egg-mass densities for traps containing low- and high-dose lures are given, which explain 60 and 65% of the variation, respectively.
The Problem and Status of the Alien Invasive Plants in China

The biological invasion has become a major challenge on global development, especially for whole developing country like China. However, the background data of invasive species in China is still far from completed, and the relevant investigation of the Chinese invasive inforatmion has not been fully available yet today. The huge ecological and economic impacts caused by various invasive species have not been fully noticed or observed by the relative institutions and scientists, plus the ignorance of dangerous invasion with the introduction of alien species. Based on various literatures, the history and culture of invasive plant species, their invasive status and impact on ecological security and economic loss in China have been fully reviewed; and the problems existed and mangement measures of alien invasive plants in China have been fully proposed and summarized in order to provide basic information on the management of invasive plant species in China, and appeal to the government and the community to improve their Risk-Prevention strategies and great sense of urgency with alien invasive plants in China.
Two new species of Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea) from the Norwegian coast

Abstract Two new species of Porifera belonging to the genus Clathrina Gray, 1867 have been described. Clathrina septentrionalis sp. nov. is described from Langfjorden, northern Norway. The main diagnostic features of this new species are the massive and well-delimited corm us with prominent oscula, and a skeleton composed of triactines and tetractines with cylindrical actines and blunt end. The species seem to have a wide distribution in the N.E. Atlantic. Clathrina cribrata sp. nov. is described from Kristiansund, western Norway, and is diagnosed by a skeleton composed of triactines, where the actines are slightly undulated, cylindrical, with blunt ends. Another good character is a sieve of cells below the osculum. The species is only known from the Norwegian coast.
MHB: a new medium for isolation and identification of dermatophytes

BackgroundDermatophytes are the most common fungi causing superficial dermatophytosis in Egypt. The isolation of dermatophytes depends mainly on the suitable medium used. Recently, trials were conducted to propagate culture media not only to isolate dermatophytes but also to identify them. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a new medium composed of milk, honey, and bromothymol blue (MHB) in isolation and identification of dermatophyte species. Materials and methodsThe new medium MHB was used to isolate and identify dermatophytes from 250 samples collected from patients suffering from dermatophytosis. Moreover, the medium was tested for seven reference species of dermatophytes. The identification of dermatophytes on the MHB medium depended on changes in the color of the medium from straw yellow to green and then to blue, hydrolysis of casein, and rate of dermatophyte growth. The medium was compared with other different media used for isolation and identification of dermatophytes. ResultsThe sensitivity of MHB, dermatophyte test medium, bromocresol purple milk solids dextrose agar medium, and Dermasel in isolating dermatophytes was 94.8, 94.8, 93.6, and 92.4%, respectively, and the sensitivity in identification of the species was 100, 71.7, 88.7, and 84.3%, respectively. ConclusionThe MHB medium has superior sensitivity for isolation and identification of dermatophyte species. The medium has the advantage that it can be prepared without cycloheximide. It yields good and rapid growth for most dermatophytes and facilitates their identification from the primary culture.
Preliminary Study of Active Tourism Stages in Dornelor Basin, Romania

Active tourism, under its multiple forms (hiking, rafting, nordic walking, horse riding and so on) is attracting more practitioners from around the world and it succeeds in imposing itself in a greater number of traditional tourist destinations. Since the Romanian territory faces the same international trend, this study has been focused on Dornelor basin, a well known area thanks to its diversity of active tourism but also for its development during the last twenty years. First, this paper aims at making an inventory and a localization of all forms of active tourism practiced within the Dornelor basin, trying at the same time to understand the logic of their implementation in that territory. Another plan of the research is to follow their evolution in time and space and to propose new, efficient and sustainable strategies, capable of promoting Dornelor County as the main Romanian active tourist destination. The results have confirmed that active tourism practices are dominant in Dornelor basin and that the territory is suitable for new development strategies, capable of bringing the novelty in the area and contributing to local economic development. Key-Words: Dornelor basin, active tourism, hiking, nordic walking, rafting, mountaineering
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Efficacy of Mentha piperita (L) Ethanolic Leaf Extract against Clinical Isolates of Uropathogens

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mentha piperita (L) leaf extract against clinical isolates of urinary tract infections. Introduction: M. piperita L. (Peppermint) is a strongly scented herb belonging to family Lamiaceae. The plant is stimulant, aromatic and used for headache, vomiting and allaying nausea. In India the leaves are used to relieve sore throat. The most common form of bacterial infections is urinary tract infections (UTIs). They affect people of all age groups throughout their lifespan. Methodology: The M. piperita ethanolic extract (MPEE) was prepared by cold maceration. The presence of phytoconstituents was determined using standard protocols. Clinical isolates of UTI pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from urine samples and identified by biochemical tests. The antibacterial property was determined by agar well diffusion method. Results and Discussion: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of amino
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the differences in outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in low-risk patients. METHODS All patients with a logistic EuroSCORE II <4% who underwent transfemoral TAVI between 2008 and 2016 (n = 955) or SAVR between 2009 and 2014 (n = 886) at our centre were included. One hundred and nine patients per group were available for propensity score matching. RESULTS Mortality during the 30-day follow-up showed no differences (SAVR vs TAVI: 1.1% vs 1.8%, P = 1.0) but the rates of permanent pacemaker implantation (0.0 vs 14.8%, P < 0.001) and paravalvular leakage ≥ moderate (0.0 vs 7.0%, P = 0.017) were higher in TAVI patients. No difference was found regarding postoperative effective orifice area and transvalvular pressure gradients. Although, the 1-year survival was similar between both groups; 3- and 5-year survival was significantly inferior in the TAVI patient cohort. CONCLUSIONS TAVI yielded similar short-term outcomes compared with SAVR despite higher rates of permanent pacemaker implantation and paravalvular leakage ≥ moderate, but inferior long-term survival. Poorer long-term outcomes of the TAVI patient cohort were attributable to a more comorbid TAVI population. This emphasizes the need for long-term results from randomized controlled trials before TAVI can be broadly expanded to younger low-risk patients.
Effect of various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on nutrient content and uptake of Palmarosa (Cymbopogan martinii var. Motia)

A field experiment was conducted to study the different levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on nutrient content and uptake of Palmarosa under rainfed conditions on vertisols at Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2007–2008. The experiment was laid in factorial randomized block design with three replications. There were four levels of nitrogen viz., 0 kg (N0), 40 kg (N1), 60 kg (N2), 80 kg (N3) and three levels of phosphorus 0 kg (P0), 20 kg (P1), 40 kg (P2) ha−1. The results revealed that the nitrogen content (0.85%), phosphorus content(0.69%) and potassium content (0.56%) in the crop was highest when treated with 80 kg (N3) ha−1 and the nitrogen content (0.74%), phosphorus content (0.60%) and potassium content (0.48%) was also more with the application of 40 kg (P2) ha−1. Similarly the crop uptake was recorded highest with application of 80 kg N ha−1 where the nitrogen uptake was (30.50 kg ha−1 phosphorus uptake (14.36 kg ha−1) and potassium uptake (13.25 kg ha−1 while the nitrogen uptake (22.12 kg ha−1 phosphorus uptake (11.90 kg ha−1) and potassium uptake (10.12 kg ha−1) was also more when treated with 40 kg (P2) ha−1
Auditory‐Threshold Recovery after Exposures to Pure Tones

A modified Bekesy‐type audiometer was used to obtain a continuous recording of the auditory threshold before and after monaural exposures to different durations and intensities of pure tones. Preliminary studies confirmed the observations of Reger that the amount of temporary hearing loss at 1 kc following a 1‐min exposure to a 1‐kc tone is greater when the stimulating tone is 20 db above threshold than when it is 80 db above threshold. Temporary hearing loss at higher frequencies, however, increases with exposure level. These preliminary results led to an investigation of the dependence of temporary hearing loss on the duration and the intensity of exposure tones.Recovery curves for the threshold at 1 kc following exposure by 1 kc indicate that exposure tones at or above 60 db sensation level yield a rapid recovery followed by either a slowing down of the recovery process or a second rise in the threshold. Following exposure to a 20‐db tone, however, this rapid recovery is not so apparent, and therefore,.
Reproductive Biology of Snapper (Pagrus auratus) in Subtropical Areas of Its Range and Management Implications of Reproductive Differences with Temperate Populations

Snapper ( Pagrus auratus ) (Bloch and Schneider) sampled from the waters of the Queensland east coast (20 ° to 28 ° S) spawned from June to October, at least three months earlier than the New Zealand snapper (36 ° to 44 ° S) and snapper from other temperate latitudes. The size at which snapper reached sexual maturity (26 to 30 cm FL) was broadly similar to other more temperate areas. However, the apparent faster growth rate of tropical snapper enabled them to reach sexual maturity at less than 2 years of age, more than a year earlier than in more temperate latitudes. This suggests that the attainment of sexual maturity in snapper is more likely to be based on size than age. There were also fish as old as 5 years that had not yet matured. No specific snapper spawning grounds were sampled and snapper with ripe gonads were found throughout the species distribution in Queensland. Snapper mainly spawned in the evening and early morning. The timing of the spawning season relative to the timing of the winter growth check formation may be partially responsible for the difficulty in interpreting snapper otoliths in subtropical areas. ____
The therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides from frog skin

Seventeen years have passed since the first report of the synthesis of peptides with antimicrobial activity in the skin of African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Since that time more than 200 such peptides have been isolated from the skins of other frogs belonging to different families. With very few exceptions, the frog skin antimicrobial peptides are cationic, relatively hydrophobic and have the propensity to form an amphipathic α-helix in a membrane-mimetic environment. By making selective changes to the molecular charge, hydrophobicity and secondary structure of the naturally occurring peptides, analogues have been developed that show increased potency against microorganisms but reduced toxicity towards mammalian cells. Because of their non-specific mechanism of producing cell death, pathogens develop resistance to the antimicrobial peptides at much lower rates than to conventional antibiotics. The magainins, dermaseptins, ranalexin, brevinins, ranatuerin-1 and buforin-2 (and their analogues) have received particular attention with regard to possible clinical applications. However, despite showing broad-spectrum activity against strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and potent activity against certain pathogenic fungi and protozoa, their therapeutic potential remains to be realized. No anti-infective peptide based upon their structures has yet been adopted in clinical practice. New clinical applications need to be found if progress in the field is to continue.
Th1, Th2, and Beyond: What We Know About Adaptive Immunity for Fungal Infections

Fungi are ubiquitously present in the environment and some species can survive on the external and mucosal surfaces of human hosts; however, both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune response effectively protect a host organism against the development of fungal diseases. The fungal pathogen finds a window of opportunity for uncontrolled growth and tissue invasion when the balance of the immune system is altered by different sets of conditions. Thus, the majority of invasive fungal infections (IFI) are associated with defects of the innate and/or the adaptive immune system. These deficiencies can result from the use of immunosuppressive therapies, HIV infection, or hematopoietic malignancies. Other severe diseases, extreme stress, prolonged antibiotic treatment, and subsequent changes in the host's microbiome may also contribute to development of fungal diseases owing to their effects on the immune system. In few circumstances, the highly virulent fungi can evade or modulate host responses, leading to invasive mycoses in hosts without any apparent defect in the immune system. Extensive research into many of these fungal mycoses has greatly expanded our understanding of T-cell biology and its importance in host defenses against various fungi. In this review, we will highlight the role of T-cell-mediated immune polarization during IFI. J Invasive
Correlation Between Social Support And Strees Level on The Elderly Patients of Diabetes Melitus Type 2

This study aims to know the correlation between social suppot and stress level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Janti’s Public Health Center. This research uses the method correlational quantitative approach, with cross sectional design, and sample in this study were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 60-69 years in the area of the Janti’s Public Health Center who fullfill inclusion criteria. The sampling technique using non-probability sampling technique with quota sampling approach. The collection data is conducted by means of Measurement of social support using quitionare and cortisol hormon measured with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. While the data analysis technique using Spearman correlation test with significance level of 0.05 or (p < 0,05). Based on the result of the data analysis, there is a significant correlation between social support and stress level in patient type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 60-69 years in the Janti’s Public Health Center, Malang. Keywords—Social Support, Level of Stress, Diabetes Melitus