Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ursache für Frauenmangel in MINT-Berufen? Mädchen unterschätzen schon in der fünften Klasse ihre Fähigkeiten in Mathematik

Frauen sind an Universitaten und Fachhochschulen in den sogenannten MINT-Fachern (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaft, Technik) stark unterreprasentiert. Der vorliegende Bericht geht der Frage nach, inwiefern eine der Ursachen schon im Grundschulalter zu suchen ist. Auf Basis eines fur Deutschland reprasentativen Datensatzes des Nationalen Bildungspanels wird untersucht, wie Jungen und Madchen ihre Fahigkeiten in Mathematik – und im Vergleich dazu im Fach Deutsch – einschatzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Schuler bereits in der funften Klasse hohere Kompetenzen in Mathematik zuschreiben als Schulerinnen – in einem Mase, das durch bessere Schulnoten nicht gedeckt ist. Die Unterschiede bestehen uber die gesamte Schulzeit bis zur zwolften Klasse fort. Mit Blick auf den bereits heute vielfach beklagten Fachkraftemangel im MINT-Bereich ist das insofern bedeutend, als dass Frauen diese Facher moglicherweise auch deshalb deutlich seltener studieren als Manner, weil sie ihre mathematischen Fahigkeiten in der fruhen Schulzeit zu pessimistisch eingeschatzt und deshalb Praferenzen fur andere Facher, meist Sprachen, entwickelt haben. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, sollten Madchen bereits in der Grundschule in ihrem Selbstvertrauen mit Blick auf mathematische Fahigkeiten bestarkt werden, beispielsweise durch LehrerInnen und Eltern.
Device-to-Device Offloading with Proactive Caching in Mobile Cellular Networks

In this paper, we study the data offloading via device-to-device (D2D) communications with proactive caching in mobile cellular networks. The problem is formulated as the optimal data caching problem, where mobile nodes have different mobility and limited cache capacities and data files have different popularity and content sizes, and is proved to be NP-hard. To deal with the problem, the contacts between mobile nodes are used to adjust the cached data files with a well-designed $(1+\alpha)$-approximation algorithm. Based on the analysis, we first propose a distributed infrastructure-assisted data offloading algorithm (IADOA), where the base station (BS) needs to provide information to mobile nodes. To further increase the flexibility, a fully-distributed data offloading algorithm (FDDOA) is designed, where mobile nodes exchange control information via D2D communications and make parameter estimations. Finally, simulation results show that our proposed algorithms have significant performance gains compared with two conventional baseline algorithms.
bZIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis

Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in almost all biological processes. Structurally, TFs are usually classified by their DNA-binding domains: basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs have a basic region that binds DNA and a leucine zipper dimerization motif (Box 1). Proteins with bZIP domains are present in all eukaryotes analysed to date. Some, such as Jun/Fos or CREB, have been studied extensively in animals and serve as models for understanding TF–DNA interactions, ternary complex formation and TF post-translational modifications (Box 1). Arabidopsis has about four times as many bZIP genes as yeast, worm and human [1]. Genetic and molecular studies of a few of these Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP (AtbZIP) factors show that they regulate diverse biological processes such as pathogen defence, light and stress signalling, seed maturation and flower development. The early recruitment of bZIP TFs in plant evolution might contribute to this diversity, which contrasts with the apparently more confined functions of the plant-specific R2R3-MYB and WRKY TFs [2,3]. As a basis for future functional analysis, we present an overview of the potential AtbZIP genes encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. Using optimized gene predictions based on known bZIP gene structure and cDNA sequences obtained in our laboratories via the REGIA (Regulatory Gene Initiative in Arabidopsis) European project, we identified 75 putative genes encoding proteins with the bZIP signature (Box 1). Genes that were annotated as ‘bZIP’ in the various databases (TAIR, MAtDB, EMBL/GenBank, TIGR) but that do not show the exact bZIP signature were excluded from our analysis. Because our total number differs from the 81 bZIP genes identified by Jose Luis Riechmann et al. [1], we cannot exclude the existence of a few additional AtbZIP genes. We gave a generic name (AtbZIP1–AtbZIP75) to each bZIP gene (Fig. 1), including those that had been named (sometimes twice) before. Our numbering system does not follow a distinct rationale but provides a unique identifier for each bZIP gene, as proposed for R2R3-MYB and WRKY TFs [2,3] and should help communication in the scientific community. Our results and the structured nomenclature were incorporated into the MAtDB database at MIPS (Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences).
New York University: description of the Proteus system as used for MUC-5

The Proteus syntactic analyzer was developed starting in the fall of 1984 as a common base for all the applications of the Proteus Project . Many aspects of it s design reflect its heritage in the Linguistic String Parser, previously developed an d still in use at New York University . The current system, including the Restriction Language compiler, the lexical analyzer, and the parser proper, comprise approximately 4500 lines of Common Lisp .
Lack of Evidence for Bacterial Infections in Skin in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis

Background:In some patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), persistent bacterial infection involving dermal microvascular endothelial cells may result in endothelial injury, leading to the obliterative microvasculopathy typical of the disease. Alternatively, in some patients with SSc persistent bacterial infection involving activated dermal fibroblasts or other cells found in scleroderma skin might result in the fibrosing features of this disease. In this study, we investigated bacterial infection in skin in patients with SSc. Methods:Chlamydiae of many species are known to undergo persistent infection. Highly sensitive and specific PCR assays targeting chromosomal DNA sequences from C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae were used to screen skin biopsy samples from each of 18 patients and 26 control individuals. Additional screening was performed using a highly sensitive “pan-bacteria” PCR screening system. Results:All patient and control samples proved to be PCR-negative for both chlamydial species. Similarly, all patient and control samples were PCR-negative when the broad range pan-bacteria assay system was used. Conclusion:Although some caveats apply, the data presented here do not support the contention that persistent bacterial infections play an important role in the pathogenesis of SSc.
La integració vertical millora la rendibilitat econòmica de les empreses agroalimentàries

L’objectiu del treball consisteix en esbrinar si la integracio vertical cap enrere, portada a terme en empreses del sector agroalimentari espanyol durant els anys de crisi financera, suposa una estrategia que permeti millorar la rendibilitat economica d’un sector caracteritzat per una gran presencia d’empreses familiars, a les que aquest tipus d’estrategia tambe pot interessar per evitar conflictes familiars derivats de la gestio. Amb aquesta finalitat, s’han analitzat un total de 3.955 empreses del sector durant el periode 2011-2015, el que inclou una fase avancada de la crisi financera i l’inici de la recuperacio economica. Les dades utilitzades en l’estudi han estat extretes de la base de dades SABI, i la identificacio de les empreses objecte d’estudi s’ha dut a terme mitjancant la classificacio d’activitats economiques que facilita l’INE. La relacio entre les variables incloses en l’estudi ha estat definida mitjancant un model de regressio lineal multiple estimada per minims quadrats ordinaris. Els resultats obtinguts descarten que la integracio vertical cap enrere generi una millora en la rendibilitat economica per al periode objecte d’estudi. D’altra banda, variables com l’eficiencia en costos, la rotacio, la quota de mercat i l’endeutament si condicionen significativament la seva variacio.
Cardiac functional analysis with multi-detector row CT and segmental reconstruction algorithm: comparison with echocardiography, SPECT, and MR imaging.

PURPOSE To evaluate accuracy of cardiac functional analysis with multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) and segmental reconstruction algorithm over a range of heart rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained. Informed consent was not required. Multi-detector row CT (500-msec rotation time, 8 x 1-mm detector collimation) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were performed in 50 patients (28 men, 22 women; age range, 46-84 years; mean age, 67 years). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 41 patients, and electrocardiographically (ECG)-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in 27. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), and left ventricular (LV) mass were estimated with multi-detector row CT and compared with values estimated with MR imaging, which served as the reference standard. Additionally, EF values estimated with multi-detector row CT, echocardiography, and SPECT were compared with those estimated with MR imaging. Systemic error and degree of agreement of global functional parameters measured with MR imaging and other modalities were assessed. In a second analysis, linear regression analysis was added. RESULTS EF estimated with multi-detector row CT agreed and correlated well with EF estimated with MR imaging (bias +/- standard deviation, -1.2% +/- 4.6; r = 0.96). Agreement and correlation were similar for EDV (-0.35 mL +/- 15.2; r = 0.97), ESV (1.1 mL +/- 8.6; r = 0.99), and LV mass (2.5 mL +/- 15.0; r = 0.96). Standard deviation of EF difference between multi-detector row CT and MR imaging was significantly less than that between echocardiography and MR imaging (P < .001) or that between SPECT and MR imaging (P < .001). CONCLUSION Various LV functional parameters were measured with multi-detector row CT with a segmental approach, and measurements correlated and agreed with those obtained with MR imaging. Moreover, functional analysis with multi-detector row CT was more accurate than that with two-dimensional echocardiography or ECG-gated SPECT.
Generation of multiple-charged optical vortex solitons in a saturable nonlinear medium.

Multiply charged optical vortex solitons (OVS) (m=1,.,4) are generated in a thermal nonlinear medium with saturation. The respective soliton constants are found to be linearly proportional to the topological charges. Special attention is paid to the modulational instability, which is effectively suppressed by a moderate saturation but still remains an increasing function of the topological charge. For the particular experimental conditions, the recorded OVS profiles are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the numerical stationary solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
A Filtration Strategy Based on FD-CRF for Image Matching

The need for fast retrieving images has recently increased tremendously in many application areas. SIFT-like local descriptor-based matching is widely adopted and has achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, it becomes inefficient when computational and storage resources are limited. Besides, local descriptor-based methods may suffer difficulties when an image pair contains multiple similar local regions. In this work, we propose a novel and effective filtration strategy based on the Conditional Random Field (CRF) model to enhance image retrieval. As the CRF model is used to depict the dependencies of adjacent components, we regard the essential components of an image as the basic structure of CRF. The novel Fourier Descriptor CRF (FD-CRF) method is first proposed to utilize the advantages of CRF and global shape features, then the filtration strategy is adopted to integrate FD-CRF and SIFT-like descriptors for better retrieval results. The experiments demonstrate that our method is practical and outperforms state-of-the-art methods in matching accuracy.
The relation between enzyme inhibition and physiological response in the carbonic anhydrase system.

Five carbonic anhydrase inhibitors of varying structural types, physical properties, and potency were studied with respect to their concentration in the kidney, and their renal effect. Although they gained access to the renal cortex by the differing routes of diffusion and active secretion, renal HCO 3 - excretion was a function of their K I and total concentration (I 0 ) in the tissue. The dose-response curve corresponded to inhibition ranging from about 99% (minimal or no effect) to 99.95% (maximal effect). This agrees with other studies which show carbonic anhydrase to be present in kidney in 1000-fold excess of maximum physiological needs. Review of doses used and concentrations of drug found for other organs (red cell, pancreas, stomach, ciliary process, salt gland) shows that it is generally the case that over 99% of enzyme must be inhibited to show physiological effects. Actual enzyme concentration at these sites insofar as they have been studied are correspondingly in excess of those needed for physiological secretion rates. Correlation of inhibition kinetics with the physiological response in the ciliary process and red cells suggests that in these tissues, unlike the kidney, there are barriers which exclude anionic drugs from the enzyme site. For the largely unionized drugs, however, the quantitative degree of inhibition is a function of (I 0 ) and (E 0 ) in all organs studied. It is demonstrated that for very potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (K I ∼ 10 -8 M) the dose-response curve will be strikingly influenced by the concentration of enzyme in tissues. For weak inhibitors, as in classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, enzyme concentration will not influence these relations. The overall data suggest that carbonic anhydrase is the dominant receptor in tissues for monosulfonamides of the general type aryl-SO 2 NH 2 .
Serum and thyroid gland triiodothyronine in the human fetus.

Serum T3 concentrations are low (<15 ng/100 ml) before 24 weeks and increase progressively thereafter to term, but both T3 and free T3 (FT3) levels are lower than paired maternal concentrations. Moreover, throughout gestation T4/T3 and FT4/FT3 ratios consistently exceed paired maternal ratios. The mean T4/T3 content ratio of fetal thyroid glands (14.3) is similar to that (19.5) of adult glands. These data indicate that a state of relative fetal T3 deficiency exists in the human as in the sheep. This deficiency probably is not due to decreased T3 secretion.
RESPON BEBERAPA VARIETAS JAGUNG PADA JARAK TANAM BERBEDA TERHADAP PENYISIPAN BEBERAPA BARIS KACANG TANAH

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penyisipan beberapa baris tanaman kacang tanah varietas Hypoma-1 di antara barisan jagung yang ditanam pada jarak tanam berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil beberapa varietas jagung. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian di Narmada, dari bulan Juni s/d Oktober 2017, yang ditata menurut rancangan Split Split Plot dengan 3 faktor perlakuan, yaitu tumpangsari (T) aditif dengan tanaman kacang tanah sebagai faktor petak utama, dengan 4 aras perlakuan (T0= jagung monokrop; T1, T2, T3= penyisipan 1, 2 atau 3 baris kacang tanah); varietas jagung (V) sebagai faktor anak petak, dengan 3 varietas (V1= jagung ketan lokal Bima, V2= populasi C2; V3= varietas hibrida Bisi-816); dan jarak tanam (J) jagung antar baris sebagai anak anak-petak, dengan 3 aras perlakuan (60, 75 atau 90 cm), sehingga terdapat 36 kombinasi perlakuan yang masing-masing dibuat dalam 3 blok (ulangan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh interaksi tiga faktor terhadap bobot tongkol per ha dan variabel pengamatan lainnya, kecuali tinggi tanaman dan lingkar batang saat panen sampel tanaman pada akhir fase pengisian biji, sedangkan interaksi dua faktor hanya signifikan terhadap jumlah daun per ha, yaitu antara varietas jagung dan jarak tanam. Masing-masing faktor perlakuan secara mandiri (main effect) juga berpengaruh terhadap komponen hasil tanaman jagung. Peningkatan jumlah baris tanaman kacang tanah yang ditanam-sisip di antara barisan jagung mampu meningkatkan bobot tongkol per ha dibandingkan dengan tanpa penyisipan tanaman kacang tanah. Jarak tanam juga berpengaruh terhadap semua variabel pengamatan, terutama komponen hasil; secara per individu tanaman, bobot tongkol tertinggi pada jarak tanam 90x20 cm sedangkan bobot tongkol per ha tertinggi pada jarak tanam tersempit (60x20 cm), yang berarti bahwa peningkatan kerapatan tanaman masih bisa dilakukan dalam upaya meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman jagung terutama yang disisipi tanaman kacang tanah, yaitu varietas Hypoma-1.
Facial dysostoses: Etiology, pathogenesis and management

Approximately 1% of all live births exhibit a minor or major congenital anomaly. Of these approximately one‐third display craniofacial abnormalities which are a significant cause of infant mortality and dramatically affect national health care budgets. To date, more than 700 distinct craniofacial syndromes have been described and in this review, we discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and management of facial dysostoses with a particular emphasis on Treacher Collins, Nager and Miller syndromes. As we continue to develop and improve medical and surgical care for the management of individual conditions, it is essential at the same time to better characterize their etiology and pathogenesis. Here we describe recent advances in our understanding of the development of facial dysostosis with a view towards early in utero identification and intervention which could minimize the manifestation of anomalies prior to birth. The ultimate management for any craniofacial anomaly however, would be prevention and we discuss this possibility in relation to facial dysostosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of a collaborative pharmacist-hospital care transition program on the likelihood of 30-day readmission.

PURPOSE The effect of a collaborative pharmacist-hospital care transition program on the likelihood of 30-day readmission was evaluated. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted in two acute care hospitals within the same hospital system in the southeastern United States. One hospital initiated a care transition program in January 2011; the other hospital did not have such a program. All patients who were discharged from either hospital to home from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2011, were included in the study. The two key program components included bedside delivery of postdischarge medications and follow-up telephone calls two to three days after discharge. The likelihood of readmission was assessed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Over the 2-year study period, 19,659 unique patients had 26,781 qualifying index admissions, 2,523 of which resulted in a readmission within 30 days of discharge. After adjusting for various demographic and clinical characteristics, the usual care group (i.e., patients who did not participate in the program) had nearly twice the odds of readmission within 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-2.67), compared with the intervention group (i.e., program participants). For patients age 65 years or older, those in the usual care group had a sixfold increase in the odds of a 30-day readmission (OR, 6.05; 95% CI, 1.92-19.00) relative to those in the intervention group. CONCLUSION A care transition program was associated with a lower likelihood of readmission and had a greater effect on older patients.
Nuclear Domain 10 Components Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein and hDaxx Independently Contribute to an Intrinsic Antiviral Defense against Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

ABSTRACT Infection with DNA viruses commonly results in the association of viral genomes with a cellular subnuclear structure known as nuclear domain 10 (ND10). Recent studies demonstrated that individual ND10 components, like hDaxx or promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), mediate an intrinsic immune response against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, strengthening the assumption that ND10 components are part of a cellular antiviral defense mechanism. In order to further define the role of hDaxx and PML for HCMV replication, we generated either primary human fibroblasts with a stable, individual knockdown of PML or hDaxx (PML-kd and hDaxx-kd, respectively) or cells exhibiting a double knockdown. Comparative analysis of HCMV replication in PML-kd or hDaxx-kd cells revealed that immediate-early (IE) gene expression increased to a similar extent, regardless of which ND10 constituent was depleted. Since a loss of PML, the defining component of ND10, results in a dispersal of the entire nuclear substructure, the increased replication efficacy of HCMV in PML-kd cells could be a consequence of the dissociation of the repressor protein hDaxx from its optimal subnuclear localization. However, experiments using three different recombinant HCMVs revealed a differential growth complementation in PML-kd versus hDaxx-kd cells, strongly arguing for an independent involvement in suppressing HCMV replication. Furthermore, infection experiments using double-knockdown cells devoid of both PML and hDaxx illustrated an additional enhancement in the replication efficacy of HCMV compared to the single-knockdown cells. Taken together, our data indicate that both proteins, PML and hDaxx, mediate an intrinsic immune response against HCMV infection by contributing independently to the silencing of HCMV IE gene expression.
[Clinical manifestations of myotonic dystrophy: epidemiologic survey].

BACKGROUND The presence of a local aggregation of cases of myotonic dystrophy (MD) allows the evaluation of clinical symptoms of the disease in a sample in which the influence of a possible genetic heterogeneity is decreased. METHODS The degree of global neuromuscular handicap and the incidence and severity of four of the most characteristic symptoms (cataracts, myotonia, muscular weakness and neuropsycologic disturbances) were studied in 183 patients with MD (146 typical adult forms, 19 neonatal, and 18 partial syndromes) in relation with the age of onset of the symptomatology or length of disease. RESULTS Only 8.3% of the patients (excluding the neonatal forms) were severely handicapped, and the degree of neuromuscular handicap depended fundamentally on the age of onset of the disease. Cataracts and myotonia were present in 87 and 89% of the patients, respectively. Almost all the patients above the age of 40 presented cataracts. No clinical or subclinical evidence of neuromuscular involvement was present in 11% of the patients with MD. These patients principally corresponded to the group in whom the disease initiated over the age of 50. CONCLUSIONS The age of onset of the symptomatology appears to be the determining factor to establish both the global prognosis of neuromuscular incapacity of patients with myotonic dystrophy and the explanation of the chronology of the appearance of the most characteristic symptoms of the disease. The presence of carriers without neuromuscular symptomatology is of note, this fact reinforcing the need to incorporate DNA examination in the evaluation of asymptomatic relatives or with exclusive ocular symptomatology.
A defect inspection method for TFT panel using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA)

In this paper, a parallel algorithm to inspect defects of thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) panel is presented. The algorithm is implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) development environment. The result shows better performance compared to the one implemented on a CPU.