Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pneumonia and the Risk of Cardiovascular Death. Time to Change Our Strategy.

Given that antibiotic resistance has demonstrated little effect on outcomes for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) for most causative pathogens, it is astonishing that CAP continues to account for the greatest number of preventable deaths worldwide (1). Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most important CAP pathogen and provides a good example of the variety of mechanisms through which pathological processes, such as pneumololysin release and subsequent promotion of both lung tissue damage as well as pathogen entry to other end-organs and ultimately the multi-organ failure that ensues.
Visual experience dependent regulation of neuronal structure and function by histone deacetylase 1 in developing Xenopus tectum in vivo

Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is thought to play pivotal roles in neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. However, the role of HDAC1 in neuronal growth and structural plasticity in the developing brain in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis, HDAC1 knockdown dramatically decreased the frequency of AMPAR‐mediated synaptic currents and increased the frequency of GABAAR‐mediated currents, whereas HDAC1 overexpression significantly decreased the frequency of GABAAR‐mediated synaptic currents. Both HDAC1 knockdown and overexpression adversely affected dendritic arbor growth and visual experience‐dependent structural plasticity. Furthermore, HDAC1 knockdown decreased BDNF expression via a mechanism that involves acetylation of specific histone H4 residues at lysine K5. In particular, the deficits in dendritic growth and visually guided avoidance behavior in HDAC1‐knockdown tadpoles could be rescued by acute tectal infusion of BDNF. These results establish a relationship between HDAC1 expression, histone H4 modification and BDNF signaling in the visual‐experience dependent regulation of dendritic growth, structural plasticity and function in intact animals in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 947–962, 2017
Electrical performance of single and coupled Cu interconnects for the 70 nm technology

This paper deals with propagation delay, rise time and crosstalk for Cu wire of 100 nm width and 2.2 to 1.7 aspect ratio AR ( AR /spl sime/ h/w) in single and coupled configuration. Electrical and electromagnetical characteristics are predicted, with a full wave analysis, for various wire resistivity and low k dielectric material when a clock pulse of 143 ps period (7 GHz) propagate. Critical value of 300 /spl mu/m is calculated for wire length when propagation delay equals MOSFET switching delay. Such critical values also induced more than 20% crosstalk in two coupled lines with 100 nm spacing and low k=2.0.
The Implications of Genetic Susceptibility for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Qualitative Study of Older Adults’ Understanding

Objective: To assess whether public understandings of inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer may undermine preparedness to respond to preventive messages. Methods: Structured in-depth interviews with 31 women and men, aged 50 years and over. Results: Most participants viewed genetic factors as prompts for taking preventive measures rather than as reasons for fatalism and inaction. They were optimistic about the potential benefits of new developments in cancer prevention and treatment. Conclusions: There was little evidence of perceived genetic determinism in relation to colorectal cancer, but there were some significant misunderstandings about causes, prevention and treatment. These findings have important implications for public health communications about the contribution of genetics to cancer causation.
p73 gene promoter methylation in Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma

To clarify the significance of p73 in Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric carcinoma (GC), the immunohistochemical expression and CpG‐island methylation of p73 were evaluated in cancer tissues and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues of GC with and without EBV infection. Loss of p73 expression by immunohistochemistry was specific to EBV‐associated GC (11/13) compared to EBV‐negative GC (3/38), which was independent of abnormal p53 expression. With methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), the aberrant methylation of p73 exon 1 was similarly specific to EBV‐associated GC (12/13), and also rare in EBV‐negative GC (2/38). Bisulfite sequencing for p73 exon 1 and its 5′ region confirmed the MSP results, showing uniform and high‐density methylation in EBV‐associated GC. Comparative MSP analysis of p14, p16 and p73 methylation, using 20 cases each of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues of early GC with and without EBV infection, confirmed 2 types of methylation: global methylation with increased rates (p14 and p16) and specific methylation of p73 in EBV‐associated GC. In nonneoplastic mucosa, p14, p16 and p73 methylation occurred in both EBV‐associated (8/33, 6/34 and 3/38, respectively) and EBV‐negative GC (6/23, 4/35, and 1/35). p73 methylation was observed in the mucosa without H. pylori infection in all 4 samples. Loss of p73 expression through aberrant methylation of the p73 promoter occurs specifically in EBV‐associated GC, together with the global methylation of p14 and p16. A specific type of gastritis, prone to a higher grade of atrophy and p73 methylation, may facilitate the development of EBV‐associated GC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vagaries and Politics of Funding: Beyond "I Told You So"

In einem fruheren Debattenbeitrag analysierte ich "Launen und Politik" im Drittmittelerwerb bei einer nationalen Forschungsgemeinschaft. Die damalige, auf soziologischen und autobiographischen Analysen beruhende Studie war ein Beispiel von Wissenschaft-im-Prozess (science in the making), da die Forschungsgemeinschaft noch keinen Entschluss hinsichtlich des Einspruchs gegen die Entscheidung, ein Projekt nicht zu fordern, gefasst hatte. In diesem Aufsatz analysiere ich die nachfolgenden Ereignisse, d.h. die Entscheidung uber den Einspruch und den Ausgang der Entscheidung uber den (unveranderten) Antrag im folgenden Jahr. Ich schliese mit einem Kommentar uber die Verantwortung von Autoren und ihren Lesern fur die Interpretation von Texten, wie z.B. Briefe von Forschern zu Forschungsgemeinschaften und den darauf nachfolgenden Antworten. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0401144
Phagocytosis and Cytokinesis: Do Cells Use Common Tools to Cut and to Eat? Highlights on Common Themes and Differences

Eukaryotic cells with specialized functions often use and adapt common molecular machineries. Recent findings have highlighted that actin polymerization, contractile activity and membrane remodelling with exocytosis of internal compartments are required both for successful phagocytosis, the internalization of particulate material and for cytokinesis, the last step of cell division. Phagocytosis is induced by the triggering of specific cell surface receptors, which leads to membrane deformation, pseudopod extension and contraction to engulf particles. Cytokinesis relies on intense contractile activity and eventually leads to the physical scission of sister cells. In this review, shared features of signalling, cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicular trafficking used in both phagocytosis and cytokinesis will be described, but non‐common mechanisms and questions that remain open in these dynamic areas of research are also highlighted.
Modification of Pathological Type A as Worksite Stress Management and Disease Prevention Intervention

The importance of helping an employee to better cope with occupational stress as the aim of stress management interventions is presented. It particularly concerns the employees who have the poorest temperamental and personality potential for effective coping and should be the target of primary stress intervention and prevention. According to evidence, Type A workers are at risk of occupational stress and disease, especially when some personality features of Type A are accompanied by high reactivity. The concept of pathological Type A is introduced. The already existing programs of modifying Type A and the framework of a program based on the elements that have been established to be the most therapeutic for pathological Type A are presented.
Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate tetramethylene sulfone disolvate

The title compound, Li+·C2BF2O4 −·2C4H8O2S, is a dimeric species, which resides across a crystallographic inversion center. The dimers form eight-membered rings containing two Li+ cations, which are joined by O2S sulfone linkages. The Li+ cations are ligated by four O atoms from the anions and solvent molecules, forming a pseudo-tetrahedral geometry. The exocyclic coordination sites are occupied by O atoms from the oxalate group of the difluoro(oxalato)borate anion and an additional tetramethylene sulfone ligand.
Efficiency analysis of a high-temperature superconducting induction heater

In an induction heater for heating of aluminum billets, the main reason for using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes instead of conventional copper conductors is to reduce the large power losses in the induction coil. In this work we present how to calculate the different loss contributions of an induction heater based on HTS tapes. Calculations of these losses are used in the design of an HTS induction heater with a rated power of about 10 kW operating at liquid nitrogen temperature. The calculations predict an optimal current that yields the highest efficiency of the induction heater.
Reliability modeling and evaluation of Sulaimani - Erbil electrical power system

The work presented in this paper deals with the reliability evaluation of Sulaimani-Erbil electrical power system by two different techniques, minimal cut set and disjoint technique. Computer program is written in Basic language in order to implement tie set and cut set algorithms for the evaluation of the unreliability index of the power network
Blood Substitute Resuscitation as a Treatment Modality for Moderate Hypovolemia

Blood substitute resuscitation as a treatment modality for moderate hypovolemia (˜40% blood loss) in a canine model has been evaluated using Oxyglobin® (Biopure Hemoglobin Glutamer-200/Bovine; a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrier) and Hespan® (6% hetastarch; a nonoxygen-carrier) as resuscitants. Autologous (shed) blood served as control. Nine dogs were studied—after splenectomy, each dog was hemorrhaged (32–36 mL/kg; MAP = ˜50 mmHg) and randomly assigned to the three resuscitation groups. Microvascular, systemic function and oxygenation characteristics were monitored and/or measured simultaneously in prehemorrhagic (baseline), posthemorrhagic and postresuscitation phases for correlation—real-time microvascular changes in the bulbar conjunctiva were noninvasively measured via computer-assisted intravital microscopy and systemic function and oxygenation changes were monitored and/or measured via instrumentation and devices incorporated into our bioengineering station in an operating room setting. Blood chemistry was also studied for relevant measurements. Prehemorrhagic microvascular characteristics were similar in all animals (venular diameter = 41 ± 12 µm, A:V ratio = ˜1:2, red-cell velocity = 0.5 ± 0.3 mm/s). All animals also showed similar prehemorrhagic systemic function and oxygenation measurements comparable to a previous study and were consistent with normal measurements in dogs. At the completion of hemorrhaging to achieve moderate hypovolemia (˜40% blood loss with MAP at ˜50 mmHg), all nine animals showed similar significant (P < 0.01) posthemorrhagic microvascular changes, including ˜17% decrease in diameter (34 ± 7 µm), A:V ratio = variable, and ˜80% increase in velocity (0.9 ± 0.5 mm/s). All animals also showed similar significant (P < 0.01) posthemorrhagic systemic function and oxygenation changes, with decreases in Hct, aHbtotal, MPAP, MAP, SAP, DAP, CO, SVI, CaO2, and CvO2 and increases in HR and lactic acidosis. Shed blood (control) resuscitation restored posthemorrhagic microvascular changes close to prehemorrhagic values (diameter = 39 ± 6 µm, A:V ratio = ˜1:2, velocity = 0.6 ± 0.4 mm/s). Oxyglobin® and Hespan® restored microvascular changes in similar manner close to prehemorrhagic values (Oxyglobin®: diameter = 38 ± 3 µm, A:V ratio = ˜1:2, velocity = 0.6 ± 0.4 mm/s; Hespan®: diameter = 38 ± 7 µm, A:V ratio = ˜1:2, velocity = 0.5 ± 0.4 mm/s). After resuscitation, shed blood (control) restored all systemic function and oxygenation changes close to prehemorrhagic values. However, both Oxyglobin® and Hespan® resuscitation restored systemic function changes, but not oxygenation changes, to prehemorrhagic values. This was an interesting finding because of the different oxygen-carrying capability of Oxyglobin® (oxygen-carrying) and Hespan® (nonoxygen-carrying). The result suggests that either volume replenishment alone (and not oxygen-carrying capability) is needed to treat moderate hypovolemia or oxygenation measurements obtained by standard methods (oximetry, blood chemistry) may not reflect tissue oxygenation levels.
Short-Term Outcome of Infliximab Therapy in Pediatric Crohn's Disease: A Single-Center Experience

Purpose Studies on the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) in a large population of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are limited, and prognostic factors are not well-known. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of IFX in pediatric patients with CD and to identify factors associated with poor prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical data of 594 pediatric patients with CD between 1987 and 2013 in a tertiary center. Of these, 156 children treated with IFX were enrolled and were followed up for at least a year with intact data. Outcomes of induction and maintenance, classified as failure or clinical response, were evaluated on the tenth and 54th week of IFX therapy. Results We treated 156 pediatric patients with CD with IFX, and the median duration of IFX therapy was 47 months. For IFX induction therapy, 134 (85.9%) patients experienced clinical response on the 10th week. Among the 134 patients who showed response to induction, 111 (82.8%) patients maintained the clinical response on the 54th week. In multivariate analysis, low hematocrit (p=0.046) at the time of IFX initiation was associated with the failure of IFX induction. For IFX maintenance therapy, longer duration from the initial diagnosis to IFX therapy (p=0.017) was associated with maintenance failure on the 54th week. Conclusion We have shown the acceptable outcomes of IFX in a large cohort of pediatric CD patients in Korea. Hematocrit and early introduction of IFX may be prognostic factors for the outcomes of IFX.
Accelerated simulation of complex aircraft electrical power system under normal and faulty operational scenarios

The more-electric aircraft concept (MEA) is one of the major trends in modern aircraft electric power system (EPS) engineering. The concept results in a significantly increased number of onboard loads driven by power-electronics. Development of appropriate EPS architectures, ensuring the power system integrity and assessment of overall system quality and performance under possible normal and abnormal scenarios requires extensive simulation activity. At the same time, the increased use of tightly-controlled motor drives and power electronic converters can make the simulation of the large-scale EPS impractical due to enormous computation time or numerical non-convergence due to the model complexity. Hence, there is a strong demand for accurate but time-efficient modeling techniques for MEA EPS simulations. This paper reports the development of a functional models library capable of maintaining good accuracy up to a specified frequency range. The library is applied to study the performance of a twin-generator example EPS under both normal and faulty regimes. The attained improvement in simulation time confirms the performance of the developed functional models for the study of complex MEA EPS architectures.
Networks of Gene Regulation , Neural Development and the Evolution of General Capabilities , Such as Human Empathy *

A network of gene regulation organized in a hierarchical and combinatorial manner is crucially involved in the development of the neural network, and has to be considered one of the main substrates of genetic change in its evolution. Though qualitative features may emerge by way of the accumulation of rather unspecific quantitative changes, it is reasonable to assume that at least in some cases specific combinations of regulatory parts of the genome initiated new directions of evolution, leading to novel capabilities of the brain. These notions are applied, in this paper, to the evolution of the capability of cognition-based human empa­ thy. It is suggested that it has evolved as a secondary effect of the evolution of strategic thought. Development of strategies depends on abstract representations of one’s own pos­ sible future states in one’s own brain to allow assessment of their emotional desirability, but also on the representation and emotional evaluation of possible states of others, allowing anticipation of their behaviour. This is best achieved if representations of others are con­ nected to one’s own emotional centres in a manner similar to self-representations. For this reason, the evolution of the human brain is assumed to have established representations with such linkages. No group selection is involved, because the quality of strategic thought affects the fitness of the individual. A secondary effect of this linkage is that both the actual states and the future perspectives of others elicit vicarious emotions, which may contribute to the motivations of altruistic behaviour.
Neurotensin receptor expression in the rat forebrain and midbrain: A combined analysis by in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography

The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of the levocabastine‐insensitive high‐affinity neurotensin binding sites in the rat forebrain and midbrain in relation to the distribution of the cloned neurotensin receptor mRNA by using a combination of both high‐resolution in vitro receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridization approaches. Groups of cells rich in neurotensin receptor mRNA were observed in the basal forebrain nuclei, the ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra and in the interfascicular and caudal linear nuclei and the retrorubral field. Cells expressing lower levels of neurotensin receptor mRNA were found in several subdivisions of the cortex; the dentate gyrus; the septofimbrial, suprachias‐matic, medial habenular, and mammillary nuclei; the dorsal part of the lateral septum; the zona incerta; and the dorsomedial and perifornical hypothalamic areas. Most of the brain areas containing neurotensin receptor mRNA demonstrated a selective association of neurotensin binding sites with neuronal cell bodies. In contrast, in several telencephalic and diencephalic structures, the presence of neurotensin binding sites was not correlated with that of neurotensin receptor mRNA, suggesting that neurotensin receptors were mainly located on axon terminals.
p75NTR expression in rat urinary bladder sensory neurons and spinal cord with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis

A role for nerve growth factor (NGF) in contributing to increased voiding frequency and altered sensation from the urinary bladder has been suggested. Previous studies have examined the expression and regulation of tyrosine kinase receptors (Trks) in micturition reflexes with urinary bladder inflammation. The present studies examine the expression and regulation of another receptor known to bind NGF, p75NTR, after various durations of bladder inflammation induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). CYP‐induced cystitis increased (P ≤ 0.001) p75NTR expression in the superficial lateral and medial dorsal horn in L1–L2 and L6–S1 spinal segments. The number of p75NTR‐immunoreactive (‐IR) cells in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) also increased (P ≤ 0.05) with CYP‐induced cystitis (acute, intermediate, and chronic). Quantitative, real‐time polymerase chain reaction also demonstrated significant increases (P ≤ 0.01) in p75NTR mRNA in DRG with intermediate and chronic CYP‐induced cystitis. Retrograde dye‐tracing techniques with Fastblue were used to identify presumptive bladder afferent cells in the lumbosacral DRG. In bladder afferent cells in DRG, p75NTR‐IR was also increased (P ≤ 0.01) with cystitis. In addition to increases in p75NTR‐IR in DRG cell bodies, increases (P ≤ 0.001) in pericellular (encircling DRG cells) p75NTR‐IR in DRG also increased. Confocal analyses demonstrated that pericellular p75NTR‐IR was not colocalized with the glial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These studies demonstrate that p75NTR expression in micturition reflexes is present constitutively and modified by bladder inflammation. The functional significance of p75NTR expression in micturition reflexes remains to be determined. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1379–1392, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The selective permeability of fleshfly midgut to an orally toxic cobra venom cardiotoxin

The permeability of the midgut of the fleshfly, Sarcophaga falculata , to the orally toxic polypeptide ( M r 7000), a cobra venom-cardiotoxin, was investigated by LM and EM autoradiography, using the radio-iodinated toxin. The histology of the normal and toxin affected midgut was also investigated. 1.The midgut could be classified into segments that were permeable, partially-permeable and non-permeable to the toxin. 2.Histological comparison between the epithelial cells of the permeable and non-permeable segments revealed strong differences in the form of the cells, and in the distribution, form and organization of their microvilli, organelles and basal foldings. 3.The movement of the toxin in the permeable region of the gut is progressive and includes the crossing of the peritrophic membrane, penetration into the apical region of the cell through the microvilli (5 min), movement in the cell9s cytoplasm and finally the passage of the midgut as shown by its appearance in extraintestinal tissues (30 min). The data strongly suggest that the crossing of the midgut by cardiotoxin did not follow the common pattern of pinocytotic uptake and vesicular transport. 4.When applied orally in superlethal doses (10 LD 50 units per fly), cardiotoxin strongly affected the integrity of the epithelial cells in the toxin permeable segment, as expressed in their collapse, rupture and final disintegration. The toxin had no histopathological effect on any other region of the midgut. These data are interpreted in terms of a postulated specific composition and arrangement of phospholipids in the outer plasma membranes of the epithelial cells in the cardiotoxin-permeable segment of the midgut.
WaaT: personalised web accessibility evaluation tool

Our approach introduces an advanced and new personalized Web accessibility evaluation methodology, allowing for Web content accessibility evaluation regarding different selectable disability profiles (impairments, personas) as well as Assistive technologies and devices. We define an evaluation approach based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 and the Barrier Walkthrough, with the goal of providing support to Web developers and designers to conduct rapid, yet specialized, accessibility assessments focused on different disability types and user preferences for Web applications.