Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Tensor Decomposition with Boolean Factors.

Tensor decomposition has been extensively used as a tool for exploratory analysis. Motivated by neuroscience applications, we study tensor decomposition with Boolean factors. The resulting optimization problem is challenging due to the non-convex objective and the combinatorial constraints. We propose Binary Matching Pursuit (BMP), a novel generalization of the matching pursuit strategy to decompose the tensor efficiently. BMP iteratively searches for atoms in a greedy fashion. The greedy atom search step is solved efficiently via a MAXCUT-like boolean quadratic program. We prove that BMP is guaranteed to converge sublinearly to the optimal solution and recover the factors under mild identifiability conditions. Experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our method over baselines on synthetic and real datasets. We also showcase the application of BMP in quantifying neural interactions underlying high-resolution spatiotemporal ECoG recordings.
The enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra of differential operators

The aim of this note is to prove various general properties of a generalization of the full module of first order differential operators on a commutative ring - a $\operatorname{D}$-Lie algebra. A $\operatorname{D}$-Lie algebra $\tilde{L}$ is a Lie-Rinehart algebra over $A/k$ equipped with an $A\otimes_k A$-module structure that is compatible with the Lie-structure. It may be viewed as a simultaneous generalization of a Lie-Rinehart algebra and an Atiyah algebra with additional structure. Given a $\operatorname{D}$-Lie algebra $\tilde{L}$ and an arbitrary connection $(\rho, E)$ we construct the universal ring $\tilde{U}^{\otimes}(\tilde{L},\rho)$ of the connection $(\rho, E)$. The associative unital ring $\tilde{U}^{\otimes}(\tilde{L},\rho)$ is in the case when $A$ is Noetherian and $\tilde{L}$ and $E$ finitely generated $A$-modules, an almost commutative Noetherian sub ring of $\operatorname{Diff}(E)$ - the ring of differential operators on $E$. It is constructed using non-abelian extensions of $\operatorname{D}$-Lie algebras. The non-flat connection $(\rho, E)$ is a finitely generated $ \tilde{U}^{\otimes}(\tilde{L},\rho)$-module, hence we may speak of the characteristic variety $\operatorname{Char}(\rho,E)$ of $(\rho, E)$ in the sense of $D$-modules. We may define the notion of holonomicity for non-flat connections using the universal ring $ \tilde{U}^{\otimes}(\tilde{L},\rho)$. This was previously done for flat connections. We also define cohomology and homology of arbitrary non-flat connections. The cohomology and homology of a non-flat connection $(\rho,E)$ is defined using $\operatorname{Ext}$ and $\operatorname{Tor}$-groups of a non-Noetherian ring $\operatorname{U}$. In the case when the $A$-module $E$ is finitely generated we may always calculate cohomology and homology using a Noetherian quotient of $\operatorname{U}$. This was previously done for flat connections.
Allometric equations from a non-destructive approach for biomass prediction in natural forest and plantation in West Africa

Allometric equations are required for a rapid estimation of commercial timber volume and forest biomass stocks. In order to preserve the forest ecosystem, this study applied a non-destructive sampling approach to measure biophysical properties of living trees. From these measurements, volume and biomass models were developed for 11 dominant tree species in a semi-deciduous natural forest and for Acacia auriculiformis in a plantation located in southern Benin. The observations were combined to develop also generic models applicable to non-dominant tree species. Wood samples of the tree species were collected with an increment borer and analysed in the laboratory to determine species-specific wood densities. The sample size was composed of 243 trees in natural forest and 21 trees in plantation. The measurements were conducted in 30 plots of 50 m × 50 m. The graphical assessment of correlation between model outputs (biomass and volume) and variables (diameter and height) and the statistical analysis confirmed that the logarithmic model with two variables had the best predictions. The assessment also confirmed that the model using diameter only as a variable had good predictions when observations on height were unavailable. The comparative analysis of model predictions showed that the generic model in this study over-estimated biomass by up to 74.80% for certain species and under-estimated biomass by 21.18% for other species. The study shows that there are no statistically significant differences between the wood densities in this research and that published in previous studies.
High-performance GFP-based calcium indicators for imaging activity in neuronal populations and microcompartments

Calcium imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) is routinely used to measure neural activity in intact nervous systems. GECIs are frequently used in one of two different modes: to track activity in large populations of neuronal cell bodies, or to follow dynamics in subcellular compartments such as axons, dendrites and individual synaptic compartments. Despite major advances, calcium imaging is still limited by the biophysical properties of existing GECIs, including affinity, signal-to-noise ratio, rise and decay kinetics, and dynamic range. Using structure-guided mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we optimized the green fluorescent protein-based GECI GCaMP6 for different modes of in vivo imaging. The jGCaMP7 sensors provide improved detection of individual spikes (jGCaMP7s,f), imaging in neurites and neuropil (jGCaMP7b), and tracking large populations of neurons using 2-photon (jGCaMP7s,f) or wide-field (jGCaMP7c) imaging.
Identification of sterile wild oat (Avena sterilis L.) resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides using different assay techniques

Different techniques have been devised to detect herbicide resistance in weeds, and the over-all aim from this study was to compare four different assay techniques for evaluating acetol-actate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide resistance in sterile wild oat ( Avena sterilis L.). A resistant sterile wild oat population (R) was collected from the wheat field in Kozan, Adana province, Turkey. The susceptible (S) population was collected from the border of the same field. Effects of different doses of mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl--sodium and pyroxsulam + cloquintocet-mexyl were assessed in agar based (seed and seedling) assay, Petri dish with seeds, and whole plant pot assay. In the agar based assays, the level of resistance was evaluated by measuring coleoptile and hypocotyl lengths, and survival of seedlings. Plant height and shoot dry weight were measured in the Petri dish and whole plant pot assays, respectively. Results from the dose response analyses showed that both the R and S populations were extremely sensitive to mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosul-furon in the seedling bioassay. The resistance indices ( RI ’s) of the R biotype treated with mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron in the agar based seed, Petri dish, and whole plant assays were 2.29, 2.63 and 4.18, respectively. The resistance indices of the R biotype treated with pyroxsulam + cloquintocet-mexyl was 3.41, 5.05 and 2.82 in the agar based seed, Petri dish, and whole plant pot assays, respectively. The agar based seed assays and Petri dish assay provided feasible, accurate, rapid, and cost effective opportunities to identify resistance in sterile wild oat.
Plasma Density and Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Ion Gyro‐Frequency Range Near the Diamagnetic Cavity of Comet 67P

We report the detection of large‐amplitude, quasi‐harmonic density fluctuations with associated magnetic field oscillations in the region surrounding the diamagnetic cavity of comet 67P. Typical frequencies are ∼0.1 Hz, corresponding to ∼10 times the water and ≲0.5 times the proton gyro‐frequencies, respectively. Magnetic field oscillations are not always clearly observed in association with these density fluctuations, but when they are, they consistently have wave vectors perpendicular to the background magnetic field, with the principal axis of polarization close to field‐aligned and with a ∼90° phase shift with respect to the density fluctuations. The fluctuations are observed in association with asymmetric plasma density and magnetic field enhancements previously found in the region surrounding the diamagnetic cavity, occurring predominantly on their descending slopes. This is a new type of waves not previously observed at comets. They are likely ion Bernstein waves, and we propose that they are excited by unstable ring, ring‐beam, or spherical shell distributions of cometary ions just outside the cavity boundary. These waves may play an important role in redistributing energy between different particle populations and reshape the plasma environment of the comet.
SOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Foreign Direct Investment are among the mobilizing factors of the economic development of a country, alongside the domestic investments, being a basic support in the achievement of the development and modernization strategies. The study presents, briefly, the effects of intervening Foreign Direct Investment flows on the economy of a country, able, by the advanced experience brought, to generate a better capitalization of resources, a contribution to growth. The directions of manifesting the mechanisms of influence of Foreign Direct Investment, as well as the role that they hold for their impact, the economic environment of the host country and the policies practiced in relation to Foreign Direct Investment are taken into account. The purpose of the paper was to point out some aspects regarding the favourable impact that foreign investments could have on an economy, by the contribution to new technologies and the contribution to the productivity increase. The conclusions point to the potential of the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on development and the need for the host countries, to support some properly oriented policies, by maintaining a correlation between the volume of foreign investment flows and the development potential of a country. The research method used to carry out the study was the documentation from the foreign and domestic specialized literature, the synthesis and processing of the relevant ideas, by capturing the impact of Foreign Direct Investment in economic development.
Stiffness Tomography of Ultra‐Soft Nanogels by Atomic Force Microscopy

Abstract The softness of nanohydrogels results in unique properties and recently attracted tremendous interest due to the multi‐functionalization of interfaces. Herein, we study extremely soft temperature‐sensitive ultra‐low cross‐linked (ULC) nanogels adsorbed to the solid/water interface by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ultra‐soft nanogels seem to disappear in classical imaging modes since a sharp tip fully penetrates these porous networks with very low forces in the range of steric interactions (ca. 100 pN). However, the detailed evaluation of Force Volume mode measurements allows us to resolve their overall shape and at the same time their internal structure in all three dimensions. The nanogels exhibit an extraordinary disk‐like and entirely homogeneous but extremely soft structure—even softer than polymer brushes. Moreover, the temperature‐sensitive nanogels can be switched on demand between the ultra‐soft and a very stiff state.
The Role of Adherence to Basic Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure for Prevention of Late Adverse Events in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Surgical Revascularization of Myocardium

Aim. To determine the role of adherence to the basic drug treatment of heart failure (HF) in prevention of late major adverse events (MAEs) after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at three-year follow-up.Material and methods. A prospective non-controlled single-center study included 125 consecutive patients with stable CAD and LV EF<50% (62±8 years; 114 [91.2%] males), after isolated CABG. At three-year follow-up MAЕs occurred in 40 (32.0%) patients. The data on pharmacotherapy at followup were obtained in 124 patients: 85 (68.6%) patients without MAEs and 39 (31.4%) patients with MAEs.Results. The enrolled sample of patients was characterized by high discharge prescription rate of renin-angiotensin system (RAS; 86.3%) blockers (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptors blockers), beta-blockers (BBs; 97.6%) and mineralocorticoid receptors antagonists (MRAs; 79.0%), being comparable in MAEs and non-MAEs groups. The total coverage of basic HF pharmacotherapy (the combination of RAS blockers, BBs and MRAs) at discharge was 66.1%. At follow-up, about one third of patients in both groups withheld previously prescribed triple HF therapy. The MAEs were associated with more frequent withhold of previously prescribed RAS blockers, as opposed to patients without MAEs (20.5% and 7.1%, respectively; р=0.009). The majority of patients in both groups continued BBs therapy at follow-up (95.0% and 92.9%, respectively; p=0.187). Additionally, we observed the decline of MRAs intake frequency at follow-up (to 43.6% and 49.4%, respectively; p=0.547). Conclusion. During 3-year follow-up after isolated CABG, about one third of patients with stable CAD and baseline LVEF<50% interrupted triple basic HF therapy (including RAS blockers, BBs and MRAs), mainly due to decrease of RAS blockers and MRAs usage. MAEs in patients with stable CAD and baseline LVEF<50% after CABG were associated with suboptimal use and more frequent interruption of RAS blockers.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus dan Salmonella Typhi

The leaves of cherry to have great benefits for health, because the leaves of cherry can be used as traditional medicine for lowering the heat, anti-inflammatory, an antimicrobial and can also be used as an antiseptic. The purpose of this study to knowing a chemical compound found on the leaves of cherry and to determine the amounts in an extract of the cherry to bacteria and Salmonella typhi. The research method is difusion a test in vitro kultur Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi to the media MHA. Then the empty dipped into the extracts ethanol leaves cherry (Muntingia calbura L) with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% with the control of the positive (Chloramphenicol) and aquadest as control negative. Of the resrarch the effectiveness of the leaf extracts cherry (Muntingia calbura L) in the Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi, the amounts the biggest concentration of 100%, with an averege of 19,5 mm at Staphylococcus aureus and 19,4 mm for Salmonella typhi. the conclusion of ethanol extract of kersen leaves can be used as an alternative inhibiting bacterial growth Daun kersen memeliki manfaat yang besar bagi kesehatan, karena daun kersen bisa dijadikan sebagai obat tradisional untuk penurun panas, antiradang, antimikroba dan juga dapat digunakan sebagai antiseptik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada daun kersen dan untuk menentukan zona hambat ektrak daun kersen terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi. Metode penelitian ini difusion test secara in vitro dengan mengkultur Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi pada media MHA, kemudian disk kosong dicelupkan kedalam perlakuan ekstrak etanol daun kersen (Muntingi calabura L) dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah diperoleh senyawa kimia pada ekstrak etanol daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L) yaitu flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Hasil dari penelitian uji efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun kersen (Muntingi calabura L) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi, didapatkan hasil diameter zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 100% yaitu dengan rata-rata 19,5 mm pada Staphylococcuus aureus dan 19,4 mm untuk Salmonella typhi.kesimpulannya ekstrak etanol daun kersen dapat dijadikan sebagai alternative penghambat pertumbuhan bakteri.
Pigs are not susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection but are a model for viral immunogenicity studies

Abstract Conventional piglets were inoculated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) through different routes, including intranasal, intratracheal, intramuscular and intravenous ones. Although piglets were not susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 and lacked lesions or viral RNA in tissues/swabs, seroconversion was observed in pigs inoculated parenterally (intramuscularly or intravenously).
Landscape Topoedaphic Features Create Refugia from Drought and Insect Disturbance in a Lodgepole and Whitebark Pine Forest

Droughts and insect outbreaks are primary disturbance processes linking climate change to tree mortality in western North America. Refugia from these disturbances—locations where impacts are less severe relative to the surrounding landscape—may be priorities for conservation, restoration, and monitoring. In this study, hypotheses concerning physical and biological processes supporting refugia were investigated by modelling the landscape controls on disturbance refugia that were identified using remotely sensed vegetation indicators. Refugia were identified at 30-m resolution using anomalies of Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Moisture Index in lodgepole and whitebark pine forests in southern Oregon, USA, in 2001 (a single-year drought with no insect outbreak) and 2009 (during a multi-year drought and severe outbreak of mountain pine beetle). Landscape controls on refugia (topographic, soil, and forest characteristics) were modeled using boosted regression trees. Landscape characteristics better explained and predicted refugia locations in 2009, when forest impacts were greater, than in 2001. Refugia in lodgepole and whitebark pine forests were generally associated with topographically shaded slopes, convergent environments such as valleys, areas of relatively low soil bulk density, and in thinner forest stands. In whitebark pine forest, refugia were associated with riparian areas along headwater streams. Spatial patterns in evapotranspiration, snowmelt dynamics, soil water storage, and drought-tolerance and insect-resistance abilities may help create refugia from drought and mountain pine beetle. Identification of the landscape characteristics supporting refugia can help forest managers target conservation resources in an era of climate-change exacerbation of droughts and insect outbreaks.
Inequality in U.S. Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity

Homeownership has historically been an important means for Americans to accumulate wealth—in fact, at more than $15 trillion, housing equity accounts for 16 percent of total U.S. household wealth. Consequently, the U.S. homeownership cycle has triggered large swings in Americans’ net worth over the past twenty-five years. However, the nature of those swings has varied significantly by race and ethnicity, with different demographic groups tracing distinct trajectories through the housing boom, the foreclosure crisis, and the subsequent recovery. Here, we look into the dynamics underlying these divergences and explore some potential explanations.
Histomorphometric Effcets of Oral use of Tobacco in Testes of Offsprings of Swiss Albino Mice

Objective: To study the gross micro structural changes in the testis of the offspring of Swiss albino mice exposed to oral use of tobacco during pregnancy. Study Design: Experimental Duration and Setting of Study: This study was conducted from July 2017 to December 2017 at Isra University Hyderabad Methodology: ­­20 female albino mice were mated. After confirmation of pregnancy by vaginal plug they were divided into two groups; experimental A and control B of 10 each. Experimental mice of group A were given 5% tobacco in their chow diet and0water ad libitum; however, control group B were given only normal chow0diet and0water0ad libitum. After 15 days of birth the 10 male offsprings each of control and experimental mice were randomly selected. Their initial and final body weight was recorded. They were sacrificed0by cervical dislocations and0their testes were taken away for further gross & histological0analysis. Results: Noticeable changes were observed in the body weight and weight of testes. The mean initial weight of experimental male offspring was found to be 1.76 ± 0.33 g, while in control group it was 2.60± 0.45 g. The final weight in experimental offspring was 9.38± 0.59 g and in control group it was 12.75±0.96 g. Statistically the difference of body weight in offspring was found to be significant (p value <0.05). The testes weight was markedly decreased in experimental group as compared to control group. The mean testes weight in experiment group was recorded as 0.03 ± 0.004 g however in control group it was recorded as 0.07 ± 0.004 g. Simultaneously, 5 micro structural variations were also observed in the testes of off-springs of mice. In0the0experimental group0of off-springs, very few0layers and decreased number of spermatocytes were noticed in seminiferous tubules of 9 testes. Sperm degenerative changes, cellular inflammation and mild to massive hyalinization were noticed in 9, 6, and 9 testes of experimental group respectively. Loss of architecture of seminiferous tubules in 8 testes as well as destruction of the basement membrane in 7 testes were also observed in experiment group testes. However, the decreased number of spermatocytes in only 1 testes and mild hyalinization in 2 testes of control group were observed. Conclusion: The consumption of smokeless tobacco has vital effects on the body weight, micro structure and weight of testes of offsprings of mice given with cellular injury of seminiferous tubules especially decreased sperm count, cellular inflammation, destruction of basement membrane as well as massive hyalinization.
Static or adaptive the month-of-the-year and intra-month effects in African stock markets

We investigated adaptive month-of-the-year (MOY) and intramonth/half-of-the-month (HOM) effects in African stock markets (ASMs) using the daily returns of All Share Indexes in Nigerian stock exchange, Johannesburg Stock Exchange, stock exchange of Mauritius, Casablancan stock exchange and Tunisian stock exchange from 1998:1 to 2018:2. This study employed rolling GARCH models for the purpose of estimations. Our results reveal that the behaviour of MOY and HOM effects are cyclical rather than being persistent. Hence, we proved that the behaviour of MOY and HOM calendar anomalies in ASMs is adaptive as opposed to being static, which is consistent with the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH) as opposed to efficient market hypothesis. Thus, local and international investors should not view ASMs as anomalous in absolute form.