Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tris{2-[(5-fluorosalicylidene)amino]ethyl}amine and its manganese(III) complex: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures, and catalytic property

ABSTRACT A tris-Schiff base tris{2-[(5-fluorosalicylidene)amino]ethyl}amine (H3L) was prepared by the reaction of 1:3 molar ratio of tris(2-aminoethy1)amine with 5-fluorosalicylaldehyde in methanol. The Schiff base reacted with manganese perchlorate to give a mononuclear manganese(III) complex, [MnL]. The Schiff base and the complex were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single-crystal X-ray determination. The Schiff base crystallized in triclinic space group P , with unit cell dimensions a = 10.191(2) Å, b = 10.778(2) Å, c = 13.353(2) Å, α = 79.727(2)°, β = 81.986(2)°, γ = 64.717(2)°, V = 1301.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R 1 = 0.0522, wR 2 = 0.1155. The complex crystallized in cubic space group Ia-3, with unit cell dimensions a = b = c = 21.6266(5) Å, V = 10115.0(4) Å3, Z = 16, R 1 = 0.0779, wR 2 = 0.2442. The Mn atom in the complex is in octahedral coordination. The complex has good catalytic capability in the oxidation of selected olefins to the corresponding epoxides.
Organic Matter Stoichiometry, Flux, and Oxygen Control Nitrogen Loss in the Ocean

Understanding N Loss Biologically available nitrogen (N) is essential for marine plants, and shortage of N limits photosynthesis. Marine N can be removed by denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) processes, but what controls the balance between these two pathways? Babbin et al. (p. 406, published online 10 April) tested the effects of stoichiometry on N removal in the lab and found that the balance of N loss processes depends on the stoichiometry of the source organic material. The variable ratio of denitrification to anammox in the ocean is due to variations in organic matter quality and quantity. Biologically available nitrogen limits photosynthesis in much of the world ocean. Organic matter (OM) stoichiometry had been thought to control the balance between the two major nitrogen removal pathways—denitrification and anammox—but the expected proportion of 30% anammox derived from mean oceanic OM is rarely observed in the environment. With incubations designed to directly test the effects of stoichiometry, however, we showed that the ratio of anammox to denitrification depends on the stoichiometry of OM supply, as predicted. Furthermore, observed rates of nitrogen loss increase with the magnitude of OM supply. The variable ratios between denitrification and anammox previously observed in the ocean are thus attributable to localized variations in OM quality and quantity and do not necessitate a revision to the global nitrogen cycle.
Dynamics of land‐use changes and their future trends using spatial analysis and the CA‐Markov model—A case‐study with a special emphasis on aquaculture development in India

Land resources utilized for aquaculture development have raised many environmental issues worldwide. But no detailed information is available about the land‐use changes due to aquaculture in comparison with other land use modifications. Hence, the land‐use changes and predictions have been explored in India's leading aquaculture region using multitemporal satellite images (1986–2016), spatial techniques, and land change modeling. Agriculture was the largest proportionate land use in the study area and consistently used for aquaculture and buildings. There were no aquaculture farms in 1986; however, their area had expanded to 12,575 ha by 1996 and further increased to 38,564 ha (207%) in 2006. It then reduced in area by 36% in 2016. Agricultural lands have been used for 74%, 66%, and 15% of aquaculture development during 1986–1996, 1996–2006, and 2006–2016, respectively. Scrublands and mudflats have been used for aquaculture growth between 6 and 22% and 1–2% at different periods of our study. Salt pans and mangroves were occasionally used (less than 0.5%) for aquaculture. Dynamic land‐use changes have been observed between agriculture and scrublands. The reconversion to agriculture occurred from the aquaculture area by 20 and 51% during 1996–2006 and 2006–2016, respectively. It is predicted that the aquaculture area will further reduce, but agriculture is likely to be used for aquaculture and for buildings, despite the existing ban. Land availability is a major limiting factor; thus, it will pose a significant challenge and lead to conflicts in the future if not planned for now.
A Comparison between One-Step and Two-Step Nesting Strategy in the Dynamical Downscaling of Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM at 2.2 km Driven by ERA5 Reanalysis

Recently, the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) has released a new generation of reanalysis, acknowledged as ERA5, representing at the present the most plausible picture for the current climate. Although ERA5 enhancements, in some cases, its coarse spatial resolution (~31 km) could still discourage a direct use of precipitation fields. Such a gap could be faced dynamically downscaling ERA5 at convection permitting scale (resolution < 4 km). On this regard, the selection of the most appropriate nesting strategy (direct one-step against nested two-step) represents a pivotal issue for saving time and computational resources. Two questions may be raised within this context: (i) may the dynamical downscaling of ERA5 accurately represents past precipitation patterns? and (ii) at what extent may the direct nesting strategy performances be adequately for this scope? This work addresses these questions evaluating two ERA5-driven experiments at ~2.2 km grid spacing over part of the central Europe, run using the regional climate model COSMO-CLM with different nesting strategies, for the period 2007–2011. Precipitation data are analysed at different temporal and spatial scales with respect to gridded observational datasets (i.e., E-OBS and RADKLIM-RW) and existing reanalysis products (i.e., ERA5-Land and UERRA). The present work demonstrates that the one-step experiment tendentially outperforms the two-step one when there is no spectral nudging, providing results at different spatial and temporal scales in line with the other existing reanalysis products. However, the results can be highly model and event dependent as some different aspects might need to be considered (i.e., the nesting strategies) during the configuration phase of the climate experiments. For this reason, a clear and consolidated recommendation on this topic cannot be stated. Such a level of confidence could be achieved in future works by increasing the number of cities and events analysed. Nevertheless, these promising results represent a starting point for the optimal experimental configuration assessment, in the frame of future climate studies.
Review—Electrochemical Growth of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene from Ambient Carbon Dioxide: Synergy with Conventional Gas-Phase Growth Mechanisms

The rising levels of atmospheric CO 2 threaten the promise of human sustainability on earth. Electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into secondary chemicals and materials presents the most economically viable approach to solve this global challenge, and provides a methodtoutilizeotherwisewastedCO 2 asachemicalfeedstockfortheproductionofvaluableproducts.Challengedbytheprocessing cost versus value of converted materials, known routes for the production of hydrocarbons and alcohol products remain impractical. Electrochemical CO 2 conversion into high-value carbon nanostructures presents a new area of research with the opportunity to build upon the last two decades of understanding of gas-phase synthesis processes for fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. However,effortssofartoconvertatmosphericcarbondioxideintofunctionalcarbonmaterialsarelimitedbyasystems-levelapproachthatprovidesonlycoarsecontroloverthetypesandqualityofmaterialsthatcanbesynthesized.Inthisshortreview,wemakeastrongcaseforthesynergybetweenthecatalyticmechanismsthathavebeendevelopedoverpastdecadestounderstandcarbonnanostructuregrowthandtheemergingresearchareawhereelectrochemicalreductionofambientCO 2 can be used to produce carbon nanostructured materials. This presents a new opportunity for researchers to address one of the most pressing environmental issues for modern mankind with the synthesis of carbon materials that will shape our future.
Through the looking glass: Reflections of a writing scholar

The Acquired Wisdom series provides veteran academics, like myself, a soapbox from which to brandish their accomplishments, failures, and lessons they presumably learned. It can be foolish and maybe a tad dangerous to offer an old dog a platform from which to bark. But here we are. I will try my best not to be dangerous. I make no promises about folly and banality. Start at the Beginning In the 1951 movie, Alice in Wonderland , the March Hare and the Mad Hatter give advice about how to tell a story – simply put: “Start at the beginning. ” So here we go. (Hopefully the folly meter is not ticking upward yet.)
PID Controller Implementation For Temperature Control In Leakage Current Test Chamber 20kv Insulator

— The Isolator is a device used in electric power systems which is very important to separate between conductor of the electric power systems transmission. Isolators are very influential on environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and other pollutants. A suitable testing condition is needed to ensure the insulator will do properly. Therefore, it is necessary to test the insulator at a similaractual environment. This test is carried out using a chamber with temperature and humidity settings to determine the characteristics of the leakage current in the insulator. In this paper, a PID Controller is implemented to control the temperature in the chamber. The PID controller is applied in the Arduino R3 microcontroller using a DHT22 sensor and a thermoelectric cooling actuator (TEC12706.) Experimental results show that the PID controller can maintain the chamber temperature at the desired set point with K p = 200, K i = 10, K d = 5. The system can reduce the temperature up
Cyber-Archaeometry: Novel Research and Learning Subject Overview

The cyber archaeometry concerns a new virtual ontology in the environment of cultural heritage and archaeology. The present study concerns a first pivot endeavor of a virtual polarized light microscopy (VPLM) for archaeometric learning, made from digital tools, tackling the theory of mineral identification in archaeological materials, an important aspect in characterization, provenance, and ancient technology. This endeavor introduces the range of IT computational methods and instrumentation techniques available to the study of cultural heritage and archaeology of apprentices, educators, and specialists. Use is made of virtual and immersive reality, 3D, virtual environment, massively multiplayer online processes, and gamification. The VPLM simulation is made with the use of Avatar in the time-space frame of the laboratory with navigation, exploration, control the learning outcomes in connection to the archaeometric multisystem work. The students evidently learned to operate the VPLM following operations made via visual and home-made scripting, gaining experience in synergy, teamwork, and understanding. The resulting meaningful effects of the cyber-archaeometry with virtual operations and virtual hands, texts, and video equip students especially for e-learning with the required basic knowledge of mineralogical examination, which help to understand and evaluate mineral identification from material culture and provides readiness and capacity, which may be refined in a real polarized light microscopy (PLM) environment.
Social relationships within university undergraduate accommodation: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Social support at university is key for student wellbeing and retention. The majority of undergraduate students live with same-age housemates, so examining the relationship that students have with their housemates may be critical for understanding student adjustment. However, to date, social relationships within university accommodation have not been examined in detail. In the current study, N = 90 undergraduates at universities across the UK took part in an online qualitative study examining the relationships that students have with their housemates, and the role that this might play in student wellbeing. Four themes were constructed from the data using inductive qualitative content analysis: Proximity and shared experience; Emotional and practical support; Conflict stems from disrespect; and Loneliness, isolation and distress. Together, the themes demonstrate the divergent impact that housemates can have on student wellbeing: they can be a source of immense support or great unhappiness. The findings could have practical implications for how to foster more positive or functional peer relationships in university accommodation (such as mediation services), which could enhance and support student wellbeing.
Isoconazole and Clemizole Hydrochloride Partially Reverse the Xeroderma Pigmentosum C Phenotype

Xeroderma Pigmentosum protein C (XPC) is involved in recognition and repair of bulky DNA damage such as lesions induced by Ultra Violet (UV) radiation. XPC-mutated cells are, therefore, photosensitive and accumulate UVB-induced pyrimidine dimers leading to increased cancer incidence. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen to identify chemicals capable of normalizing the XP-C phenotype (hyper-photosensitivity and accumulation of photoproducts). Fibroblasts from XP-C patients were treated with a library of approved chemical drugs. Out of 1280 tested chemicals, 16 showed ≥25% photo-resistance with RZscore above 2.6 and two drugs were able to favor repair of 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP). Among these two compounds, Isoconazole could partially inhibit apoptosis of the irradiated cells especially when cells were post-treated directly after UV irradiation while Clemizole Hydrochloride-mediated increase in viability was dependent on both pre and post treatment. No synergistic effect was recorded following combined drug treatment and the compounds exerted no effect on the proliferative capacity of the cells post UV exposure. Amelioration of XP-C phenotype is a pave way towards understanding the accelerated skin cancer initiation in XP-C patients. Further examination is required to decipher the molecular mechanisms targeted by these two chemicals.
Long‐term ecosystem and biogeochemical research in Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

Loch Vale watershed was instrumented in 1983 with initial support from the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program to ask whether ecosystems of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were affected by acidic atmospheric deposition. Research and monitoring activities were expanded in 1991 by the U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets program to understand the processes, and their interactions, controlling water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes. With help from many collaborators we have characterized trends and patterns in atmospheric deposition, climate, and hydrology, including glaciers and other ice features. Instead of acidic deposition, we documented high atmospheric inputs of reactive nitrogen (Nr), and have studied the ecological consequences in soils, surface water, and vegetation. Using paleolimnology, we documented the onset of human‐caused change to lake primary producers ca. 1950 in response to increased Nr deposition and warming. Our results provided the basis for the Colorado Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan, a state policy that aims to reduce Nr emissions to protect resources in RMNP by 2032. Carbon cycle research revealed mountain wetlands now release more carbon than they store, and respiration and methane flux occurs even during winter through deep snow packs. Trend analyses found export of Nr to be closely tied to atmospheric inputs, but can lag in response to drought. Current research explores consequences of the combination of warming, changes in precipitation dynamics, and atmospheric deposition of Nr and dust on stream and lake CO2 dynamics, lake biology and trophic state, and soil carbon composition. Dramatic increases in park visitors have prompted studies on the effects of recreational use on water quality. New tools such as remote sensing and high frequency instream water quality sensors are being applied to lake and stream studies. Monitoring, combined with experiments, models, and spatial comparisons is an essential foundation for science‐based resource management.
Diverse Picturebooks for Diverse Children: The Others in Singapore Teachers’ Discourse and Pedagogy

ABSTRACT This study investigates how teachers construct the Others in their use of diverse picturebooks for diverse children. Data from open-ended learning prompts and focus group discussions with in-service teachers in Singapore reveal their conflicted discourse and practice in relation to using diverse picturebooks in the classroom to promote inclusive education. On the one hand, the teachers navigate their way around an “awareness of Others” but, on the other hand, they also express discomfort toward an expanded definition of “multiculturalism” and “diversity” in a relatively tightly controlled educational context. This paper aims to bring to the surface the multifaceted nature of teachers' newly found openness to broader and more inclusive notions of Others, which is conflicted but also actively compartmentalizes different discourses in order to make inclusive classroom practice possible.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND AWARENESS TO PROTECT EGYPTIAN TORTOISE (TESTUDO KLEINMANNI) BY LOCAL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

This research has examined the effectiveness of education and environmental awareness of the local population in protecting Egyptian tortoises. The study aimed to obtain information about the relationship between the level of education, monthly income and its relationship to tortoise protection and the prevention of smuggling and illegal trade. The results were obtained through the preparation of a questionnaire that included 40 people from the local population. They were surveyed using the SPSS26 program. According to the results obtained by the research, significant differences were found in the environmental attitudes of the local population who did not have a chance to have a good education and their monthly income was very low. It could be said that the people who got a good opportunity for education and their economic situation is stable, this has a positive impact on their environmental behaviour. Keywords: environmental education, environmental awareness, Egyptian tortoise
Utilization of High-Resolution Boundary Layer Radar and Wavelet to Detect Microscale Downdraft-Updraft Combination

High-resolution boundary layer radar (BLR) and wavelet are utilized to observe microscale downdraft-updraft combinations. High-resolution BLR can observe thermal activity that pushed the stable layer. During this thermal, a combination of downdraft-updraft was also observed. A detailed observation of this com- bination was conducted in this study. Using a 1-dimensional continuous wavelet transform with Paul wavelet, we could quan- tify this downdraft-updraft combination based on the height and period. Using this quantification and wavelet variance in different weather conditions, we showed the essential period from 0 to 0.25 min, 2 to 4 min, and 4 to 8 min of this microscale downdraft- updraft combination. Utilization high-resolution boundary layer and wavelet to velocity measured by the advanced BLR in three different weather conditions is then examined using CWT 1D based on scale and height. The quantified number of occurrence and wavelet variance showed that the downdraft-updraft structure has a suitable period from 0 to 0.25 min, 2 to 4 min, and 4 to 8 min. Detailed analysis of the variance in every height is needed in future studies. An appropriate mother wavelet combined with vertical wind velocity from high-resolution BLR can identify the downdraft-updraft combination on a nine-day dataset (different weather conditions) in this study. This technique added with analysis of both power spectrum and variance could determine the period and quantified the number of occurrences. This information is essen tial for understanding the downdraft-updraft behavior related to the boundary layer microscale condition, especially in convective conditions.
Subsurface flow and phosphorus dynamics in beech forest hillslopes during sprinkling experiments: how fast is phosphorus replenished?

Abstract. The phosphorus (P) concentration of soil solution is of key importance for plant nutrition. During large rainfall events, the P concentration is altered by lateral and vertical subsurface storm flow (SSF) that facilitates P mobilization, redistribution within the soil profile and potential P export from the ecosystem. These processes are not well studied under field conditions. Important factors of the replenishment of P concentrations in soil solutions are the rate of P replenishment (by biotic and abiotic processes) and the P buffering capacity of soils. Lab experiments have shown that replenishment times can vary between minutes and months. The question remains of how P concentrations in lateral and vertical SSF vary under natural field conditions. We present results of large-scale sprinkling experiments simulating 150 mm throughfall at 200 m2 plots on hillslopes at three beech forests in Germany. We aimed at quantifying lateral and vertical SSF and associated P concentrations on the forest floor, in the mineral soil and in the saprolite during sprinkling experiments in spring and summer. The sites differed mainly in terms of soil depth, skeleton content and soil P stock (between 189 and 624 g/m2 in the top 1 m soil depth). Vertical SSF in the mineral soil and in the saprolite was at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than lateral SSF at the same depth. Vertical and lateral SSF consisted mainly of pre-event water that was replaced by sprinkling water. Higher P concentrations in SSF in the first 1 to 2 h after the onset of SSF indicated nutrient flushing, but P concentrations in the mineral soil and saprolite were nearly constant thereafter for most of the experiment despite a strong increase in SSF. This suggests that P in the soil solution at all three sites was replenished fast by mineral or organic sources. If chemostatic transport conditions would dominate in SSF, annual P losses at the lateral and vertical boundary of a forest plot could be approximated by knowing the average P concentration and the water fluxes in forest soils. A rough estimation of the annual P loss based on this simplified assumption for one of our sites with longer SSF data resulted in an annual P loss of 3.16 mg/m2/a. This P loss is similar to estimates from a previous study at the same site using bi-weekly groundwater samples. Our approximated annual P loss in SSF was in a similar order of magnitude as P input by dry and wet deposition and by mineral weathering. Despite the fact that P losses from the ecosystem seem to be small, the translocation of P from the forest floor to the mineral soil might be of high relevance at sites with low P stocks where the forest floor is the dominant source for the P nutrition of trees.