Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Non-Gray Radiative Heat Transfer in a T-shaped Furnace

Radiative heat transfer has an important role in many industrial equipment; i.e. furnaces, boilers and high temperature heat exchangers. In this paper, combination of Weighted Sum of Gray Gas Method (WSSGM) and Discrete Ordinate Method (DOM) are used together in order to numerically study the radiative heat transfer behavior in a non-gray participating medium. Moreover, the concept of Blocked-off region for irregular geometries is used to simulate the T-shaped furnace. The effect of different radiative parameters, i.e. scattering coefficient and wall emissivity on thermal behavior and wall heat fluxes is investigated and compared for both gray and non-gray media. The results show thatwhen scattering coefficient increases, more radiation is scattered in the medium and therefore less heat flux reaches the walls such that by increasing scattering coefficient from 1.0 to 5.0, the incident radiative heat flux decreases up to 15% in some parts of bottom wall. It is seen that by increasing wall emissivity from 0.5 to 1.0, wall heat flux increases more than 60%. Moreover, results show that, by increasing the temperature, the maximum error strongly increases which indicates that in many engineering problems, the gray medium assumption leads to great error in results.
Physicochemical composition and fatty acids profile of the meat of lambs fed with cassava wastewater

The effects of replacing corn with cassava wastewater at 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% in the sheep diet over chemical composition, fatty acid profile and physical-chemical parameters of meat were studied. Forty Santa Inês breed sheep were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. The moisture content of meat increased, while the crude protein and ether extract decreased linearly with the replacement. There was a quadratic effect for shear force with minimum force estimated at 2.78 kg / cm ² with 54.25% replacement. There was a quadratic effect for C15:0 and C:17, (0.37 and 1.30 when the replacement was 46.25% and 68.50%, respectively), increasing linearly for the C18:0 and decreasing for the C22:0. For monounsaturated fatty acids there was a decreasing linear effect for C14:1 and C20:1 n9, and increasing to C18:1 n11. For C15:1 a quadratic effect was observed (1.48 when 26.75% of corn was replaced). As to the polyunsaturated fatty acids, there was a quadratic effect for C18:2 9c 11t (0.60 when replacement was 36.66%). There was a linear decrease for relations polyunsaturated: saturated and ω6: ω3, without effect on other relations. Cassava wastewater alters the shear force and chemical and lipid composition of meat.
Influence of Vitamin E on Innate and Humoral Components of the Immune System of Pregnant Ewes and Their Lambs

The effect of parenteral administration of vitamin E during the pregnancy and lactation period of ewes and their lambs on innate and humoral components of the immune system was investigated in a 3 part study. 1. ) Pregnant/Lactating ewes: Fifteen pregnant Dorset sheep were supplemented with vitamin E (30 IU d-atocopherol /Kg body weight (BW), E, n=lO) or placebo (emulsified base, P, n=5) from the last trimester of gestation through weaning. Blood and colostrum were analyzed every 2 wk for a-tocopherol, selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity, lysozyme activity, total lgG and IgG antibodies against tetanus toxoid. 2. ) Lambs (0-8wks): Lambs born to E and P supplemented ewes received either vitamin E (30 IU d-atocopherol /Kg BW) or placebo (emulsified base) every 2 weeks from birth through 8 wk of age. This resulted in four treatment groups: E/E (n=lO), E/P (n=l 1), PIE (n=4), PIP (n=5). The lambs were sampled every other week and their blood was analyzed as for the ewes. 3. ) Lambs (Vaccination period): When the youngest lamb reached 8 wks of age all lambs were vaccinated as a group against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium tetani. Booster va~cinations were given 4 wk later. Blood was sampled prior to primary vaccination, 1 wk post vaccination and then every 2 wk until 7 wk post vaccination. Results: Pregnant/Lactating ewes: Serum vitamin E concentrations increased over time in supplemented ewes as compared to placebo ewes. Colostrum vitamin E levels were also increased in supplemented versus placebo ewes. Vitamin E supplementation did not influence plasma selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity and serum lysozyme, IgG and IgG against tetanus toxoid in the serum or colostrum of ewes. There were fluctuations within treatment in the production of IgG in response to parturition. Lambs (0-8wks): Lambs directly supplemented with vitamin E in addition to maternal supplementation (E/E) had higher levels of serum a-tocopherol than the placebo group (PIP). There were no differences in plasma selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity, serum lysozyme, IgG and IgG against tetanus toxoid concentrations between groups. There was a loss of maternal antibodies over time in all lambs. Serum lysozyme activity was higher at birth, prior to ingestion of colostrum, in lambs that received maternal vitamin E supplementation compared to the lambs that received only direct vitamin E supplementation. Lambs (Vaccination period): Serum a-tocopherol levels increased in lambs that received direct vitamin E supplementation (E/E and PIE) irrespective of maternal supplementation (PIP and EIP). Plasma selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity, serum lysozyme and IgG did not differ between treatment groups. There was an increase in the production of IgG against tetanus toxoid in response to booster vaccination in PE lambs. Conclusions: Supplemental vitamin E to the ewes and lambs, at 30 IU/Kg BW, had a modest effect on parameters used in this study to assess innate and humoral immunity. (
Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Research on Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex: A Complex Pathogen with Extraordinary Economic Consequences

The bacterial wilt pathogen, first known as Bacillus solanacearum, has undergone numerous taxonomic changes since its first description in 1896. The history and significance of this pathogen is covered in this review with an emphasis on the advances in technology that were used to support each reclassification that finally led to the current separation of Ralstonia solanacearum into three genomic species. Frequent name changes occurred as methodology transitioned from phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular studies, to genomics and functional genomics. The diversity, wide host range, and geographical distribution of the bacterial wilt pathogen resulted in its division into three species as genomic analyses elucidated phylogenetic relationships among strains. Current advances in phylogenetics and functional genomics now open new avenues for research into epidemiology and control of the devastating bacterial wilt disease.
Toxicidade e transferência trófica do microplástico polietileno de Poecilia reticulata para Danio rerio: efeito da exposição via dieta e da captação direta

Embora a toxicidade dos microplasticos (MPs) ja tenha sido relatada, sua potencial transferencia entre vertebrados do mesmo grupo taxonomico, bem como seus impactos em niveis troficos superiores sao aspectos ainda pouco explorados. Assim, a partir do estabelecimento de uma cadeia alimentar experimental envolvendo duas especies de peixes, testamos a hipotese de que os MPs de polietileno (MPs PE) podem se acumular nos animais e causar alteracoes comportamentais, mutagenicas e citotoxicas no nivel trofico superior. Para isso, expusemos alevinos de Poecilia reticulata aos MPs PE (por 48 h) e na sequencia os oferecemos a adultos de Danio rerio (i.e.: sistema-modelo representante do nivel superior da cadeia alimentar) por um periodo de 10 dias. A quantificacao dos MPs PE nos alevinos e em diferentes tecidos de Danio rerio revelou o acumulo desses poluentes nos dois niveis troficos avaliados, sugerindo sua absorcao, aderencia e translocacao dentro dos organismos. No nivel trofico superior, esse acumulo (tambem observado em D. rerio expostos diretamente aos MPs) foi associado aos disturbios comportamentais. Ao serem confrontados com um potencial predador aquatico (Geophagus brasiliensis), esses animais exibiram comportamento sugestivo de deficit de resposta antipredatoria (inferida pela menor coesao do cardume, menor profundidade do cardume e menor distanciamento do potencial predador). Alem disso, os animais expostos aos MPs exibiram maiores taxas de anormalidades nucleares e alteracoes no tamanho e forma dos eritrocitos e seus nucleos, sugerindo efeito mutagenico e citotoxico, respectivamente. Em uma perspectiva mais ampla, nossos resultados demonstram pioneiramente que os microplasticos sao transferidos via cadeia alimentar simples (envolvendo dois vertebrados), adentram nos orgaos, alteram o comportamento e sao capazes de induzir mutagenicidade e citotoxicidade nos animais, o que pode ter consequencias ecologicas drasticas nos ecossistemas dulcicolas.
Examining the Characteristics and Applications of Mesenchymal, Induced Pluripotent, and Embryonic Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Approaches across the Germ Layers

The field of regenerative medicine utilizes a wide array of technologies and techniques for repairing and restoring function to damaged tissues. Among these, stem cells offer one of the most potent and promising biological tools to facilitate such goals. Implementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer varying advantages based on availability and efficacy in the target tissue. The focus of this review is to discuss characteristics of these three subset stem cell populations and examine their utility in tissue engineering. In particular, the development of therapeutics that utilize cell-based approaches, divided by germinal layer to further assess research targeting specific tissues of the mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm. The combinatorial application of MSCs, iPSCs, and ESCs with natural and synthetic scaffold technologies can enhance the reparative capacity and survival of implanted cells. Continued efforts to generate more standardized approaches for these cells may provide improved study-to-study variations on implementation, thereby increasing the clinical translatability of cell-based therapeutics. Coupling clinically translatable research with commercially oriented methods offers the potential to drastically advance medical treatments for multiple diseases and injuries, improving the quality of life for many individuals.
Towards Improving TSCH Energy Efficiency: An Analytical Approach to a Practical Implementation

The IEEE 802.15. 4-2015 standard defines a number of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocols for low power wireless communications, which are desirable for energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Originally defined in the IEEE 802.15. 4e amendment, the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) has recently been attracting attention from the research community due to its reduced contention (time scheduling) and robustness against fading (channel hopping). However, it requires a certain level of synchronization between the nodes, which can increase the energy consumption. In this work, we implement the Guard Beacon (GB) strategy, aiming at reducing the guard time usually implemented to compensate for imperfect synchronization. Moreover, besides presenting a realistic energy consumption model for a Contiki Operating System-based TSCH network, we show through analytical and practical results that, without the proposed scheme, the power consumption can be more than 13% higher.
Surface Wiping Test to Study Biocide -Cinnamaldehyde Combination to Improve Efficiency in Surface Disinfection

Disinfection is crucial to control and prevent microbial pathogens on surfaces. Nonetheless, disinfectants misuse in routine disinfection has increased the concern on their impact on bacterial resistance and cross-resistance. This work aims to develop a formulation for surface disinfection based on the combination of a natural product, cinnamaldehyde, and a widely used biocide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The wiping method was based on the Wiperator test (ASTM E2967−15) and the efficacy evaluation of surface disinfection wipes test (EN 16615:2015). After formulation optimization, the wiping of a contaminated surface with 6.24 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli or 7.10 log10 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus led to a reduction of 4.35 log10 CFU and 4.27 log10 CFU when the wipe was impregnated with the formulation in comparison with 2.45 log10 CFU and 1.50 log10 CFU as a result of mechanical action only for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Furthermore, the formulation prevented the transfer of bacteria to clean surfaces. The work presented highlights the potential of a combinatorial approach of a classic biocide with a phytochemical for the development of disinfectant formulations, with the advantage of reducing the concentration of synthetic biocides, which reduces the potentially negative environmental and public health impacts from their routine use.
Pair Selection Analysis in Differential RSSI Based Localization

Differential received signal strength indicator (DRSSI), in which two separate received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements are used to localize an radio frequency (RF) source with unknown transmitted power, has been proposed to eliminate the need for estimating the strength of the transmitted signal in localization. In this paper, the problem of choosing the best pair of measurements, which can lead to close-to-minimum localization error based on Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) analysis, is addressed. The analysis shows that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of localization decreases monotonically with the increase of the angle between two pairing measurements, with respect to the target, up to 180 deg. In other words, it is shown that the best pair of measurements consists of the measurement points which are inline with the target opposing each other. The second best pairing angle is near 135 deg with respect to the target. To practically show the importance of this analysis, several Monte Carlo simulation scenarios were conducted which show that the RMSE of localization would be close-to-minimum using the proposed analysis.
Use of Nonconventional Yeasts for Modulating Wine Acidity

In recent years, in line with consumer preferences and due to the effects of global climate change, new trends have emerged in wine fermentation and wine technology. Consumers are looking for wines with less ethanol and fruitier aromas, but also with a good balance in terms of acidity and mouthfeel. Nonconventional yeasts contain a wide range of different genera of non-Saccharomyces. If in the past they were considered spoilage yeasts, now they are used to enhance the aroma profile of wine or to modulate wine composition. Recent publications highlight the role of non-Saccharomyces as selected strains for controlling fermentations mostly in cofermentation with Saccharomyces. In this article, I have reviewed the ability of some bacteria and non-Saccharomyces strains to modulate wine acidity.
Direct Fed Microbials and Their Influence on Blood Biochemistry, Immunology of Lambs and Escherichia Coli Count

A 4 mo study investigated the effect of direct fed microbials (DFM): Rumen Enhancer three RE3™, RE3™Plus and Paenibacillus polymyxa (PP) on blood biochemistry, immunological responses and gastrointestinal microbial isolates of neonatal lambs at four phases of growth. Twenty-four lambs of average weight 2.5±1.2Kg were put on four dietary treatments, namely: Control, RE3™, RE3™Plus and PP in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were administered orally during the suckling phase; and were added to their diets after they were weaned. Blood and fecal sampling were done every four weeks till the sixteenth week.
Efficient parameterization of large-scale dynamic models based on relative measurements

Motivation Mechanistic models of biochemical reaction networks facilitate the quantitative understanding of biological processes and the integration of heterogeneous datasets. However, some biological processes require the consideration of comprehensive reaction networks and therefore large-scale models. Parameter estimation for such models poses great challenges, in particular when the data are on a relative scale. Results Here, we propose a novel hierarchical approach combining (i) the efficient analytic evaluation of optimal scaling, offset, and error model parameters with (ii) the scalable evaluation of objective function gradients using adjoint sensitivity analysis. We evaluate the properties of the methods by parameterizing a pan-cancer ordinary differential equation model (> 1000 state variables, > 4000 parameters) using relative protein, phospho-protein and viability measurements. The hierarchical formulation improves optimizer performance considerably. Furthermore, we show that this approach allows estimating error model parameters with negligible computational overhead when no experimental estimates are available, pro-viding an unbiased way to weight heterogeneous data. Overall, our hierarchical formulation is applicable to a wide range of models, and allows for the efficient parameterization of large-scale models based on heterogeneous relative measurements. Contact jan.hasenauer@helmholtz-muenchen.de Supplementary information Supplementary information are available at bioRxiv online. Supplementary code and data are available online at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2593839 and http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2592186.
New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Pediatrics

Acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (aSSTIs) are a large group of diseases that can involve exclusively the skin or also the underlying subcutaneous tissues, fascia, or muscles. Despite differences in the localization and severity, all these diseases are due mainly to Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. aSSTI incidence increased considerably in the early years of this century due to the emergence and diffusion of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA). Despite the availability of antibiotics effective against CA-MRSA, problems of resistance to these drugs and risks of significant adverse events have emerged. In this paper, the present knowledge on the potential role new antibiotics for the treatment of pediatric aSSTIs is discussed. The most recent molecules that have been licensed for the treatment of aSSTIs include ozenoxacin (OZ), ceftaroline fosamil (CF), dalbavancin (DA), oritavancin (OR), tedizolid (TD), delafloxacin (DL), and omadacycline (OM). However, only OZ and CF have been licensed for use in children with aSSTIs, although the superiority of these antibiotics to those routinely used for the treatment of aSSTIs should be further demonstrated. Waiting for additional studies, OZ and CF should be prescribed for aSSTI treatment in the presence of the potential failure of old molecules.
Comprehensive Biological Evaluation of Biomaterials Used in Spinal and Orthopedic Surgery

Biological acceptance is one of the most important aspects of a biomaterial and forms the basis for its clinical use. The aim of this study was a comprehensive biological evaluation (cytotoxicity test, bacterial colonization test, blood platelets adhesion test and transcriptome and proteome analysis of Saos-2 cells after contact with surface of the biomaterial) of biomaterials used in spinal and orthopedic surgery, namely, Ti6Al4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitials), its modified version obtained as a result of melting by electron beam technology (Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polished medical steel American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 316L (the reference material). Biological tests were carried out using the osteoblasts-like cells (Saos-2, ATCC HTB-85) and bacteria Escherichia coli (DH5α). Results showed lack of cytotoxicity of all materials and the surfaces of both Ti6Al4V ELI and PEEK exhibit a significantly higher resistance to colonization with E. coli cells, while the more porous surface of the same titanium alloy produced by electron beam technology (EBT) is more susceptible to microbial colonization than the control surface of polished medical steel. None of the tested materials showed high toxicity in relation to E. coli cells. Susceptibility to platelet adhesion was very high for polished medical steel AISI 316L, whilst much lower for the other biomaterials and can be ranked from the lowest to the highest as follows: PEEK < Ti6Al4V ELI < Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT. The number of expressed genes in Saos-2 cells exposed to contact with the examined biomaterials reached 9463 genes in total (ranging from 8455 genes expressed in cells exposed to ELI to 9160 genes in cells exposed to PEEK). Whereas the number of differentially expressed proteins detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels in Saos-2 cells after contact with the examined biomaterials was 141 for PEEK, 223 for Ti6Al4V ELI and 133 for Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT. Finally, 14 proteins with altered expression were identified by mass spectrometry. In conclusion, none of the tested biomaterials showed unsatisfactory levels of cytotoxicity. The gene and protein expression analysis, that represents a completely new approach towards characterization of these biomaterials, showed that the polymer PEEK causes much more intense changes in gene and protein expression and thus influences cell metabolism.
Targeted inhibition of GRP78 by HA15 promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells accompanied by ER stress and autophagy

ABSTRACT This study investigated the pathophysiological role of GRP78 in the survival of lung cancer cells. Lung cancer patient data from public databases were used to analyze the expression of GRP78 and its influence on prognoses. In vivo, GRP78 protein expression was analyzed in an established urethane-induced lung tumor mouse model. In vitro, the effects of targeted inhibition of GRP78 by HA15 in lung cancer cells were assessed, with cell viability analyzed using a CCK-8 assay, cell proliferation using an EdU assay, apoptosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry, subcellular structure using electron microscopy, and relative mRNA and protein expression using RT-PCR, western blotting or immunofluorescence assays. The results showed that GRP78 was highly expressed in the lung tissue of lung cancer mice model or patients, and was associated with a poor prognosis. After inhibition of GRP78 in lung cancer cells by HA15, cell viability was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, proliferation was suppressed and apoptosis promoted. Unfolded protein response signaling pathway proteins were activated, and the autophagy-related proteins and mRNAs were upregulated. Therefore, targeted inhibition of GRP78 by HA15 promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells accompanied by ER stress and autophagy. Summary: GRP78 is highly expressed in the lung cancer tissue, and targeted inhibition of GRP78 by HA15 promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.