Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast biogenesis. Regulation of lipid transport to the thylakoid in chloroplasts isolated from expanding and fully expanded leaves of pea.

To study the regulation of lipid transport from the chloroplast envelope to the thylakoid, intact chloroplasts, isolated from fully expanded or still-expanding pea (Pisum sativum) leaves, were incubated with radiolabeled lipid precursors and thylakoid membranes subsequently were isolated. Incubation with UDP[(3)H]Gal labeled monogalactosyldiacylglycerol in both envelope membranes and digalactosyldiacylglycerol in the outer chloroplast envelope. Galactolipid synthesis increased with incubation temperature. Transport to the thylakoid was slow below 12 degrees C, and exhibited a temperature dependency closely resembling that for the previously reported appearance and disappearance of vesicles in the stroma (D.J. Morré, G. Selldén, C. Sundqvist, A.S. Sandelius [1991] Plant Physiol 97: 1558-1564). In mature chloroplasts, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol transport to the thylakoid was up to three times higher than digalactosyldiacylglycerol transport, whereas the difference was markedly lower in developing chloroplasts. Incubation of chloroplasts with [(14)C]acyl-coenzyme A labeled phosphatidylcholine (PC) and free fatty acids in the inner envelope membrane and phosphatidylglycerol at the chloroplast surface. PC and phosphatidylglycerol were preferentially transported to the thylakoid. Analysis of lipid composition revealed that the thylakoid contained approximately 20% of the chloroplast PC. Our results demonstrate that lipids synthesized at the chloroplast surface as well as in the inner envelope membrane are transported to the thylakoid and that lipid sorting is involved in the process. Furthermore, the results also indicate that more than one pathway exists for galactolipid transfer from the chloroplast envelope to the thylakoid.
Optimum look weighting for burst-mode and ScanSAR processing

Burst-mode and ScanSAR systems record only short pieces of Doppler histories; the energy contained in each echo ensemble and, hence, the intensity in the final burst image (look) depends on the scatterer's position relative to the time of the burst event according to the azimuth antenna pattern, an effect known as scalloping. Most systems employ a burst period short enough that adjacent looks overlap allowing for individual weighting of the looks before summation. The paper introduces a new class of look weighting functions for burst-mode and ScanSAR processing that correct for scalloping while simultaneously keeping the S/N ratio constant over azimuth and maximizing the equivalent number of looks. The achievable radiometric resolution and the sensitivity to Doppler centroid estimation errors are discussed. A 3-look example using ASAR parameters illustrates the proposed weighting functions. >
EFFECTS OF THALIDOMIDE ON PREGNANCY IN THE RABBIT.

Pregnant adult cross-bred female rabbits of proven fertility were treated with daily doses of 300-500 mg thalidomide 100-200 mg phthaloyl-DL-isoglutamine or 200-400 mg DL-o-carboxybenzoyl-glutamic acid in order to determine the effects of these drugs on pregnancy. There were 53 experimental animals and 19 untreated doses. Drugs were a dministered as follows: 1) during the preimplantation stage Day 4 5 or 6; 2) during preimplantation and implantation Days 3-8 3-9 3-10 and 3-16; and 3) during the postimplantation period only Days 8-16. Progeny were examined as blastocysts fetuses (17-29 days) or pregnancy was allowed to go to term. Treatment with thalidomide restricted to the preimplantation stage showed morphological changes in all the blastocysts particularly in the embryonic disks. The offspring left to term developed into viable young but with some instances of minor skelet al abnormalities. In treated animals over the implantation stage (Days 3-8 9 or 10) there was a reduction in the number going to term and about 40% of these were malformed. A majority of the malformations were of a skeletal nature. Although implantation was delayed by thalidomide the number of implants was unaffected. The postimplantation survival rate was markedly affected. Phthaloyl-isoglutamine and carboxybenzoyl-g lutamic acid were only administered during the preimplantation period and consistent morphological effects on the blastocysts were absent. Litters allowed to go to term were unaffected.
Use and relevance of Web 2.0 resources for researchers

One of the features of the growth of Web 2.0 resources and services in recent years has been the rapid development of a range of web based tools designed to allow researchers to generate, modify, share and redistribute information in innovative ways. There has been much discussion about the benefits of using such resources, often accompanied by an assumption, particularly from outside the academic research community, that most researchers will eventually use these tools, if they are not already doing so. However, it is not yet clear whether, why, or to what extent, researchers actually do use them. This work set out to examine the extent to which researchers use Web 2.0 tools and resources. It also set out to identify the factors that influence adoption in order to determine whether these resources are changing researchers’ behaviours.
Vaginitis: current microbiologic and clinical concepts.

Infectious vaginitis occurs when the normal vaginal flora is disrupted; it may arise when saprophytes overwhelm the host immune response, when pathogenic organisms are introduced into the vagina or when changes in substrate allow an imbalance of microorganisms to develop. Examples of these types of vaginitis include the presence of chronic fungal infection in women with an inadequate cellular immune response to the yeast, the introduction of trichomonads into vaginal epithelium that has a sufficient supply of glycogen, and the alteration in bacterial flora, normally dominated by Lactobacillus spp. , and its metabolites that is characteristic of "nonspecific vaginitis". The authors review microbiologic and clinical aspects of the fungal, protozoal and bacterial infections, including the interactions of bacteria thought to produce nonspecific vaginitis, that are now recognized as causing vaginitis. Other causes of vaginitis are also discussed.
Place d'un traitement combiné par radiofréquence et radiothérapie thoracique dans la prise en charge des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules

Objectifs : Decrire l’efficacite, en termes de survie globale et sans progression, d’un traitement combine par radiofrequence et radiotherapie thoracique dans la prise en charge des cancers bronchiques non a petites cellules tous stades confondus. Materiels et methodes : Nous decrivons retrospectivement les survies globales et sans progression d’une serie de 29 patients atteints de CBNPC et traites par radiofrequence et radiotherapie thoracique tous stades confondus : lors de la prise en charge de 2 neoplasies distinctes ou dans le cadre du traitement multimodal d’un CBNPC a un stade avance. Nous evaluons aussi le controle local apporte par la radiofrequence ainsi que les complications de ce traitement. Resultats : Le suivi median de notre serie est de 29.4 mois. La survie sans progression a 12, 24, et 36 mois est estimee respectivement a 82%, 40.5%, et 34.7%. La survie globale etait de 85.94%, 74.0%, et 74% a 12, 24 et 36 mois. Le controle local de la radiofrequence au cours de notre suivi est de 86.2% avec un taux de complication de 65.5%. Conclusion : La radiofrequence associee a la radiotherapie thoracique semble donc avoir un interet dans plusieurs situations au cours de la prise en charge des CBNPC et ne pas se cantonner au traitement des stades I et II.
Gigantic Business: Titin Properties and Function Through Thick and Thin

The giant protein titin forms a unique filament network in cardiomyocytes, which engages in both mechanical and signaling functions of the heart. TTN, which encodes titin, is also a major human disease gene. In this review, we cover the roles of cardiac titin in normal and failing hearts, with a special emphasis on the contribution of titin to diastolic stiffness. We provide an update on disease-associated titin mutations in cardiac and skeletal muscles and summarize what is known about the impact of protein–protein interactions on titin properties and functions. We discuss the importance of titin-isoform shifts and titin phosphorylation, as well as titin modifications related to oxidative stress, in adjusting the diastolic stiffness of the healthy and the failing heart. Along the way we distinguish among titin alterations in systolic and in diastolic heart failure and ponder the evidence for titin stiffness as a potential target for pharmacological intervention in heart disease.
Complete Genome Sequence of Two Middelburg Viruses Isolated from Arthropods in the Central African Republic

ABSTRACT Arboviral diseases are a major threat to human and animal health today. Analysis of whole-genome sequences of decades-old arboviral strains may bring new insights into the viral evolution that might have facilitated outbreaks. Here, we report the whole-genome sequences of two Middelburg viruses isolated several decades ago in the Central African Republic.
Immunization of susceptible hosts with a soluble antigen fraction from Leishmania major leads to aggravation of murine leishmaniasis mediated by CD4+ T cells

This study was performed in order to define Leishmania major antigens that function as disease‐modulating immunogens in susceptible BALB/c mice. A soluble leishmanial antigen preparation (S‐SLA) derived from highly infective stationary‐phase L. major parasites was fractionated by preparative gel electrophoresis. In vitro, the low molecular mass fraction (<31 kDa) of S‐SLA fraction D (FR D) was found to be a potent stimulator of L. major‐specific Th1 and Th2 helper cell clones. In vivo, immunization with FR D induced a Th2‐biased immune response in BALB/c mice as determined by the numbers of splenic CD4+ cells secreting interleukin 4 and interferon‐γ according to limiting dilution analyses. In addition, FR D caused significant disease exacerbation in parasiteinfected susceptible mice as assessed by the local lesion development and the numbers of parasites in lymph nodes and spleen. This effect was observed after local subcutaneous application of FR D as well as after systemic immunization (intrasplenic or intraperitoneal). Transfer experiments revealed, that the disease‐aggravating effect of FR D was mediated by CD4+ T cells.
Analysis of corrugated wave-guides by coupled integral equation technique and other numerical techniques

The disc-loaded corrugated waveguides have been investigated by many techniques, due to their importance in antennas, mode converters, phase shifters, polarizers, slow wave structures and even transmission systems. In this paper, the propagation characteristics of a periodically disc loaded waveguide for the axially symmetric TM0n mode are determined based on the COUPLED INTEGRAL EQUATION TECHNIQUE (CIET). The CIET has the analytical content of the MODE MATCHING TECHNIQUE (MMT), with the inclusion of edge conditions, and solution using the METHOD OF MOMENTS (MoM). In this technique, a set of coupled integral equations in the tangential electric fields at the gaps of the interfaces are derived and solved by the moment method using basis functions, which include the edge conditions. This method used by Amari etal. , [1] for TE0n mode has been extended to TM0n mode, which is mainly used in the slow wave structure for linear accelerators, BWOs and TWTs. The dispersion characteristics of the disc-loaded corrugated slow-wave structure for linear accelerator was computed for the TM01 mode propagation using the CIET technique. This result is validated against the results published in the literature, using the mode-matching technique and both the techniques agree very closely. The dispersion characteristic for the same slow wave structure with finite thickness corrugation is also computed with the three dimensional electromagnetic software packages: HFSS1, MAFIA2 and Microwave studio2 and the results in terms of simulation time and memory are compared.
Cancer suspicion in general practice: the role of symptoms and patient characteristics, and their association with subsequent cancer.

BACKGROUND Awareness of detail in ambiguous complaints may help GPs suspect cancer when a malignancy is present. AIM To study the contribution of symptoms and patient characteristics to GPs' suspicions of cancer being present, and to what degree these suspicions were confirmed. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective cohort study of patients in 283 rural and urban general practices throughout Norway. METHOD During patient consultations (over a period of 10 days) GPs registered whether there was a suspicion of cancer when a patient presented with at least one of seven focal symptoms and three general symptoms commonly considered to be warning signs of cancer. Follow-up questionnaires were sent to GPs 6-7 months later, requesting information on any subsequent diagnosis of cancer in these patients. RESULTS Out of 51 073 patients, 6321 presented with warning signs of cancer; of these, 106 had a subsequent cancer diagnosis. Of the patients presenting with warning signs, 1515 (24%) patients were suspected of having cancer; this was correct for 3.8% of suspected cases. Of the 106 patients diagnosed with cancer who presented with warning signs, cancer was suspected in 58 (54.7%). GPs' correct cancer suspicions were six times more frequent than their erroneous lack of suspicion. Multiple symptoms, previous cancer, comorbidity, and multiple consultations increased the probability of cancer, but only multiple symptoms and previous cancer increased suspicion. Suspicion led to an increase in the number of diagnostic procedures undertaken. The proportion of cancer cases where GPs recorded a lack of suspicion was relatively small, but important. CONCLUSION Selected symptoms appropriately resulted in GPs suspecting cancer. Comorbidity and multiple consultations were underestimated by GPs as factors associated with cancer. Cancer suspicion should rely on symptoms in combination with other relevant information.
Effect of dietary amino acid source on the zinc-deficiency syndrome in the chick.

The objective of these studies was to compare isolated soybean protein, casein hydrolysate and dried egg white as amino acid sources in chick diets varying in zinc content. Compared with isolated soybean protein in low zinc diets for chicks, casein hydrolysate and dried egg white produced severe zinc deficiency, but the chicks did not develop leg abnormalities, and tibias and femurs of the chicks had higher concentrations of zinc, ash and fat and less water. The length-to-width ratios of femurs from zinc-deficient chicks fed casein hydrolysate or egg white were much greater than for chicks fed zinc-deficient soy protein diets. Dietary amino acid source had no effect on the zinc content of heart, liver or muscle. Supplements of Mn, inorganic P, vitamin Da, cod liver oil, or a mixture of 13 additional trace elements had no effect on the zinc-deficiency syndrome in chicks fed soy protein. Autoclaving the soy protein or adding 80 ppm Cu had slight beneficial effects, whereas doubling of the mineral mix had slight detrimental effects on the zinc-deficient chick fed soy protein. HEDTA in a soy protein diet containing 12 ppm zinc overcame all zinc-deficiency symptoms. Addi tion of phytic acid in amounts comparable to those in soy protein to egg white and casein hydrolysate diets caused little or no depression in zinc availability and caused no leg abnormalities. It appears that soy protein contains a complicating factor other than phytic acid which affects zinc metabolism, especially in bone.
Implications of community memory

for society. Although the experiment and its acceptance are interesting, the myths of the computer as brain and the computer as question answering machine have not been dispelled by operation of the public information network. Perhaps the-myths have even been strengthened by the enthusiasm of the proponent groups. During 1974 the Community Memory project has been demonstrating the potential of computer-based public access communications media with a small pilot network in the San Francisco Bay Area. Frorn three publically located terminals it was possible to search a common data base for information or to freely enter new information or messages. The public accepted the service with remarkably little hesitation and put it to a much broader range of uses than was anticipated, proving that given the tools, the public will not only provide for its own information needs but will do so with great creativity. This was a crucial question for the organization which spawned the system. Resource One, Inc. of San Francisco is one of the few public service computer centers in the country, a non-profit corporation devoted to charitable and educational uses of data-processing technology. Resource One had available an XDS-940 timesharing computer and ROGIRS, an efficient keyword based text retrieval package based on the MIRS system developed by Robert Shapiro of META. The software was modified to simplify the command structure for public use and to improve the security of the data and of other system users. To use Community Memory, the user would type the command ADD, followed by the text of the item, and then by any keywords under which he desired the item to be indexed. To search for an item, the user would type the command FIND followed by a logical structure of keywords connected with AND's, OR's and NOT's. The first port to this system was installed without fan-fare adjacent to a bulletin board in a non-profit community record and music store in Berkeley. People were delighted by the chance to, put a computer to use, frequently commenting that "it's about time " They encouraged their friends to use the system, instructed one another in its use, and seemed fascinated as much by the possibilities of the medium as by the technology itself. This level of acceptance was not confined to the relatively sophisticated student area, but carried over to later installations such as one at a library in San Francisco's polyglot …
Instability of chromosome 6 microsatellite repeats in human cervical tumors carrying papillomavirus sequences

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosome 6 in human squamous cervical carcinomas was analyzed in the long and short arms of the chromosome using 3 pairs of primers each. In all cases, normal adjacent tissue was used as control. Among 51 cases analyzed, we identified LOH or microsatellite instability in 23% using primer D6S291 (located at position 6p21.3) and in 11% using primers D6S308 (6q16.3–6q27) and D6S270 (6q22.3–6q23.2). On the contrary, no significant LOH or genomic instabilities were detected with primers D6S306 (6p22.3–6p21.2), D6S299 (6p22.3–6p21.3) and D6S287 (6q21–6q23.3). Our results thus suggest the existence of instable loci at 3 regions of chromosome 6. Whether these loci contain putative tumor‐suppressor genes or genes involved in cell cycle control remains unknown. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multi-level context-based modeling of engagement in Human-Robot Interaction

In this paper, we consider engagement in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Previous studies in HRI relate engagement to emotion and attention independently from the context. We propose a model of engagement in Human- Robot Interaction depending on the context in which human and robot act. In our model, the mental and emotional states of the user related to engagement vary during the interaction according to the current context. Knowing the context of the interaction, the robot would know what to expect regarding the mental and the emotional state of the user and thus if it perceives a state that is not in accordance with its expectations, this might signal disengagement.
Clinical and pathological differences between human immunodeficiency virus-positive and human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with plasmablastic lymphoma

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a distinct variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially described in HIV-positive patients. Several studies have reported the occurrence of PBL in HIV-negative patients, but comparative data are lacking. The goal of this study was to compare the characteristics of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with PBL. A MEDLINE search was undertaken through August 2009 for cases of PBL in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Cases were identified and clinicopathological data were gathered. χ2 was used to compare categorical and t-test to compare continuous variables between groups. Calculated Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used for multivariate analysis. From 228 identified cases of PBL, 157 were HIV-positive and 71 HIV-negative. HIV-positive patients were younger, and more likely to be men, present with oral involvement, respond to chemotherapy, and express CD20, CD56, and EBV-encoded RNA than HIV-negative patients. In univariate analysis, age ≥60, advanced stage, bone marrow involvement, no chemotherapy, Ki-67 expression >80%, and HIV-negative status were associated with worse overall survival. In multivariate analysis, advanced stage and no chemotherapy were independent adverse prognostic factors. In conclusion, HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with PBL have different clinicopathological characteristics, including a better response to chemotherapy and longer survival in HIV-positive patients.
Modification of the relationship of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele to the risk of Alzheimer disease and neurofibrillary tangle density by sleep.

IMPORTANCE The apolipoprotein E (APOE [GenBank, 348; OMIM, 107741]) ε4 allele is a common and well-established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD). Sleep consolidation is also associated with AD risk, and previous work suggests that APOE genotype and sleep may interact to influence cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To determine whether better sleep consolidation attenuates the relationship of the APOE genotype to the risk of incident AD and the burden of AD pathology. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective longitudinal cohort study with up to 6 years of follow-up was conducted. Participants included 698 community-dwelling older adults without dementia (mean age, 81.7 years; 77% women) in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. EXPOSURES We used up to 10 days of actigraphic recording to quantify the degree of sleep consolidation and ascertained APOE genotype. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants underwent annual evaluation for AD during a follow-up period of up to 6 years. Autopsies were performed on 201 participants who died, and β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles were identified by immunohistochemistry and quantified. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 98 individuals developed AD. In a series of Cox proportional hazards regression models, better sleep consolidation attenuated the effect of the ε4 allele on the risk of incident AD (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.97; P = .04 per allele per 1-SD increase in sleep consolidation). In a series of linear mixed-effect models, better sleep consolidation also attenuated the effect of the ε4 allele on the annual rate of cognitive decline. In individuals who died, better sleep consolidation attenuated the effect of the ε4 allele on neurofibrillary tangle density (interaction estimate, -0.42; SE = 0.17; P = .02), which accounted for the effect of sleep consolidation on the association between APOE genotype and cognition proximate to death. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Better sleep consolidation attenuates the effect of APOE genotype on incident AD and development of neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Assessment of sleep consolidation may identify APOE+ individuals at high risk for incident AD, and interventions to enhance sleep consolidation should be studied as potentially useful means to reduce the risk of AD and development of neurofibrillary tangles in APOE ε4+ individuals.