Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of oceanographic and meteorological features on reef fish recruitment in Hawai'i

Larval fish recruitment is generally highly variable in space and time, and can signif- icantly influence adult population abundance, density and distribution, as well as community structure in coral reef systems. We investigated relationships between reef fish recruitment (data from the West Hawai'i Aquarium Project) and oceanographic and meteorological variables (mea- sures of eddy presence and frequency, El Nino Southern Oscillation, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, chlorophyll a concentration and rainfall). We compared these variables at different time scales — monthly and annually — to substantiate 1 of 3 possible hypotheses about the rela- tionship between eddies and other oceanographic features and fish recruitment: (1) they are posi- tively correlated, indicating that eddy activity could enhance recruitment; (2) they are negatively correlated, indicating that eddy activity may reduce or inhibit recruitment; and (3) they are not cor- related, indicating that eddy activity has no impact on recruitment. We found several potential linkages generally supporting the hypothesis that eddies negatively correlate with fish recruit- ment. In contrast to previous work, we found significant negative correlations in annual patterns of cold-core mesoscale eddies and young-of-the-year totals on the west coast of the island of Hawai'i. We also investigated time lags between monthly recruitment data and oceanographic data several months earlier, consistent with planktonic larval duration of Zebrasoma flavescens and Ctenochaetus strigosus; these phase shifts also produced negative correlations. Our results are exploratory and are only correlations, and thus do not suggest causation; further exploration is needed to substantiate the possibility that eddies have a negative influence on reef fish recruit- ment. However, these results do call into question that eddies in west Hawai'i have a positive impact on fish recruitment, a theory that has persisted in the literature for nearly 30 yr.
Molecular mechanisms of telomerase activity regulation

Telomerase is a special ribonucleoprotein complex that synthesize telomeres found at the ends of linear chromosomes and are essential for maintaining chromosome stability and integrity. Telomerase is active in stem cells and almost not detected in somatic cells. Its activity is cell cycle dependent, strongly regulated during cell differentiation, and highly correlated with proliferative capacity of cells. In addition, telomerase is regulated to provide telomere length homeostasis in telomerase-positive cells of germ lines. The recent studies of global gene expression changes in telomere and telomerase mutants provide the evidence that molecular mechanisms of telomerase regulation are very complicated, multilevel, interconnected, and highly coordinated. The aim of this review is to present current data regarding regulation of telomerase maintenance of telomeres during cell cycle and differentiation as well as molecular mechanisms of telomere length homeostasis in humans and some other organisms.
Housing and Monetary Policy in the Business Cycle: What do Housing Rents have to Say?

In this paper we unveil a feedback loop between monetary policy, housing tenure choice (own vs rent) and measured inflation and quantify its consequences. This feedback loop is explained in three parts: i) Housing rents respond positively to contractionary monetary policy shocks; ii) This effect of interest rates on housing rents gives rise to an important and systematic inflation mismeasurement problem because, directly and indirectly, housing rents weigh approximately 30\% in the CPI and 13\% in the PCE; iii) When interest rates are set according to a Taylor rule, the systematic mismeasurement of inflation gives rise to a feedback loop by which the monetary authority keeps setting interest rates too high (low) because inflation is apparently too high (low). To rationalize i) and quantify the importance of iii) we propose a standard New Keynesian model augmented with an endogenous housing tenure choice mechanism. Using a calibrated version of the model, we do a counterfactual exercise and estimate that, when the monetary authority targets the implied consumer price index net of housing rents instead of the implied consumer price index, the loss function of monetary policy is 14.5\% lower and the welfare in terms of consumption equivalent variation is 0.9\% higher. Finally, analyzing the same alternative scenario for the 1983-2006 US experience, we find that the standard deviation of housing prices and nominal inflation would have been 24.8\% and 19.9\% lower, respectively.
Labour Market Flexibility: the Case of Visegrad Countries

The presented article deals with labour market institutions and labour market flexibility in the Visegrad countries. We can find out in theoretical literature a traditional set of institutional aspects such as employment protection legislation, structure of wage bargaining, taxation of labour, active labour market policies, the system of unemployment and social benefits. All these aspects determine the institutional framework of the labour market. Theoretical literature also has defined labour market flexibility as an instrument for adjustment process in case of asymmetric shock. The article is composed of the comparative analysis of selected criteria and corresponding economic indicators of the EU member states (EU-15 and V-4). The evidence shows that the values of labour market flexibility in the Visegrad group countries were higher than average of old EU-15 member states.
Comparison between observed and simulated aeolian snow mass fluxes in Adélie Land, East Antarctica

Using the original setup described in Gallee et al. (2013), the MAR regional climate model including a coupled snowpack/aeolian snow transport parameterization, was run at a fine spatial (5 km horizontal and 2 m vertical) resolution over 1 summer month in coastal Adelie Land. Different types of feedback were taken into account in MAR including drag partitioning caused by surface roughness elements. Model outputs are compared with observations made at two coastal locations, D17 and D47, situated respectively 10 and 100 km inland. Wind speed was correctly simulated with positive values of the Nash test (0.60 for D17 and 0.37 for D47) but wind velocities above 10 m s −1 were underestimated at both D17 and D47; at D47, the model consistently underestimated wind velocity by 2 m s −1. Aeolian snow transport events were correctly reproduced with the right timing and a good temporal resolution at both locations except when the maximum particle height was less than 1 m. The threshold friction velocity, evaluated only at D17 for a 7-day period without snowfall, was overestimated. The simulated aeolian snow mass fluxes between 0 and 2 m at D47 displayed the same variations but were underestimated compared to the second-generation FlowCapt ™ values, as was the simulated relative humidity at 2 m above the surface. As a result, MAR underestimated the total aeolian horizontal snow transport for the first 2 m above the ground by a factor of 10 compared to estimations by the second-generation FlowCapt ™. The simulation was significantly improved at D47 if a 1-order decrease in the magnitude of z 0 was accounted for, but agreement with observations was reduced at D17. Our results suggest that z 0 may vary regionally depending on snowpack properties, which are involved in different types of feedback between aeolian transport of snow and z 0 .
Learning Violence Young

Two geographically and culturally connected nations, the United States and Canada, have starkly contrasting violent crime rates. Comparable surveys show that American teenagers on average are three times as likely to engage in fights as their Canadian peers and that this cross-country violence gap exists even among children as young as 4-5 years old. Conventional arguments believed to account for this sharp contrast in violence rates prove to have limited explanatory power. The US violence premium remains a puzzle. Using rich information provided by large-scale individual level longitudinal survey data, this study performs a Canada-US comparative analysis with a special focus on the role of maternal work after birth in determining children’s violent anti-social behaviour. The fact that 1/3 of American mothers and only 5% of Canadian mothers start full time work within 3 months after giving birth explains a considerable portion of the US-Canada difference in violence rates both for boys and for girls.
Physiological and morphological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to varying water stress management strategies.

Sustainability of rice production under limited water conditions is threatened by increasing irrigation water scarcity. Therefore, physiological and morphological responses of rice to varying water stress management strategies should be determined. The physiological and morphological responses of a semi dwarf rice (Hashemi cultivar) to water stress intensities (mild and severe, i.e., short-duration of stress with early recovery and long-duration stress with late recovery, respectively) and timing (mid-tillering, booting and 50% of flowering) were studied in a pot experiment. The severe water stress at mid-tillering significantly (P<0.05) decreased plant height and the number of panicle per hill and delayed flowering. The severe water stress at different growth stages caused substantial yield losses by large percentage of unfilled grains. Root weight was highest under mild water stress at 50% of flowering followed by severe water stress at mid-tillering. Relative transpiration (RT) was not lowered until the thresholds of the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW), plant available water (PAW) and soil water tension (h) reached to 0.46 (-), 0.9 (-) and 78.0 kPa, respectively. These values were approximately close to those obtained for the relative leaf development rate (RL), as 0.44 (-), 0.91 (-) and 74.6 kPa, respectively. These results indicated that transpiration and leaf development rates have the same sensitivity to water deficits. However, in the mid-tillering, RL was more sensitive to water deficit than RT. The results of thresholds for RT indicated that booting stage is more sensitive than other stages. It is concluded that water tension of 1500 kPa as considered for permanent wilting point is not suitable for rice. Therefore, PAW can not be a suitable soil-water criteria for rice plants that are sensitive to water deficit. Furthermore, It is concluded that Hashemi cultivar is very sensitive to mild and severe drought stress during reproductive stage.
Associations between seabirds and subsurface predators around Oahu, Hawaii

Many species of tropical seabirds rely on subsurface predators such as tuna and dol- phins to drive prey close to the ocean's surface. We observed seabird foraging events from fishing vessels around the island of Oahu, Hawaii, to determine the prevalence and relative importance of different subsurface predators to seabird foraging. Sixty-nine seabird foraging events were observed, in 62 of which the presence and/or identity of subsurface predators could be determined. Of those 62, all but two involved subsurface predators and accounted for 99.8% of all foraging birds. Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis were the predominant (81%) subsurface predator involved in seabird feed- ing events, with odontocetes Stenella attenuata and Pseudorca crassidens (8%), mahimahi Coryphaena hippurus (6%), and yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (2%) being less common. Wedge- tailed shearwaters Puffinus pacificus and brown noddies Anous stolidus foraged in association with tuna schools more often than would be expected by chance alone. Red-footed boobies Sula sula, in contrast, did not associate with any subsurface predator in greater proportion than what would be expected by chance. Nine additional seabird species were observed foraging in association with sub- surface predators, but not in numbers large enough for statistical analysis. This study highlights the value of regional investigations able to uncover the variable nature of seabird-subsurface-predator associations. The finding that, in Hawaii, at least 2 species of seabirds showed tight dependence on tuna underlines the need for tuna fishery management to address the potential indirect ecological effects of fishing.
Expert Round Table on Ultrasound in ICU International expert statement on training standards for critical care ultrasonography

Expert Round Table on Ultrasound in ICU ()) B. P. Cholley, Service d’AnesthésieRéanimation, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France e-mail: bernard.cholley@egp.aphp. fr Abstract Training in ultrasound techniques for intensive care medicine physicians should aim at achieving competencies in three main areas: (1) general critical care ultrasound (GCCUS), (2) ‘‘basic’’ critical care echocardiography (CCE), and (3) advanced CCE. A group of 29 experts representing the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and 11 other critical care societies worldwide worked on a potential framework for organizing training adapted to each area of competence. This framework is mainly aimed at defining minimal requirements but is by no means rigid or restrictive: each training organization can be adapted according to resources available. There was 100% agreement among the participants that general critical care ultrasound and ‘‘basic’’ critical care echocardiography should be mandatory in the curriculum of intensive care unit (ICU) physicians. It is the role of each critical care society to support the implementation of training in GCCUS and basic CCE in its own country.
Minimum Implicational Bases of Affine Convex Geometries

Originally. a rooted circuit is defined for a convex geometry. However the definition itself is valid in closure systems generally. and works very well. We shall show that the system of rooted circuits of a closure system gives rise to a natural implicational base. In case of an affine convex geometry, it gives a canonical minimum base. 1 Closure Systems and Implicational Systems A closure system affords an underlying foundation for a number of systeins, such as implicational systems (or functional dependencies in relational database theory) [1], knowledge systems [2], formal concept analysis [3], logic [5], and so on. Here we shall show that the concept of rooted circuits plays a good role in determining the minimum implicational bases of implicational systems. Let $E$ be a finite set, and $\mathcal{K}\subseteq 2^{E}$ a fainily of subsets of E. $(\mathcal{K}, E)$ is a closure system if it is closed under intersection and $E\in \mathcal{K}$ . A map $\tau$ : $2^{E}arrow 2^{E}$ is a closure operator if the followings hold. (1) $A\subseteq\tau(A)_{\}$ (2) $A\subseteq B\Rightarrow\tau(A)\subseteq\tau(B)$ , (3) $\tau(\tau(A))=\tau(A)$ $(A, B\subseteq E)$ . A closure system gives a closure operator $\tau(A)=\cap\{X|A\subseteq X, X\in \mathcal{K}\}$ , and conversely $\mathcal{K}=\{X\subseteq E$ : $\tau(X)=X\}$ holds. So tliere is a one-to-one correspondence between them. $\tau(X)$ is often denoted $\overline{X}$ . Note that $A\subset B$ implies a proper inclusion and we write $X,1e$ to denote $X\cup\{e\}$ . An ordered pair $(A, B)\in 2^{E}\cross 2^{E}$ , written as $Aarrow B$ , is an implication on $E$ with premise $X$ and conclusion $Y$ . Let $S$ be a family of implications on $E_{7}$ which is called an implicational system. A subset A C $E$ satisfies $Xarrow\}^{r}$ if $X\subseteq A$ implies $Y\subseteq A$ , i.e. either $X\not\in A$ or $Y\subseteq A$ holds. Lemma 1.1 If $A,$ $B\subseteq E$ satisfies $Xarrow Y$ , then $A\cap B$ satisfies $Xarrow Y$ . 数理解析研究所講究録 第 1676巻 2010年 66-70 66
A Hierarchical Self-Organising Fuzzy Logic-Based On-Line Advisor for the Management of Cardiac Septic Patients

Abstract An on-line intelligent advisory system (IAS) for the management of septic patients emerging from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been developed and evaluated on a comprehensive physiological model which incorporates sepsis-induced capillary leak and the hemodynamic response to Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-like therapeutic interventions. The IAS is composed of the expert's decision-making model which performs diagnosis and designates the appropriate therapeutic actions based on the patient's hemodynamic status and a multi-inputs multi-outputs self-organising fuzzy logic controller (SOFLC) for adjusting the infusion rates of the selected drugs to maintain the hemodynamics variables at the specified target values. Simulated patient scenarios reproducing post-CPB hemodynamic abnormalities were developed with the expert anesthetist to test the IAS ability to advice for the appropriate therapeutic interventions whilst controlling individual drugs infusion rates to maintain the hemodynamic parameters at the prescribed targets values.
AKARI-SDSS-GALEX SURVEYS: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF NEARBY GALAXIES

ABSTRACT A sample of nearby galaxies was built from the AKARI/FIS all sky survey cross-correlated withthe SDSS and GALEX surveys. The spectral energy distributions from 0.15 to 160 microns of thesegalaxies are analysed to study dust attenuation and star formation properties. The calibrationsof the amount of dust attenuation as a function of the IR-to-UV ﬂux ratio and the FUV-NUVcolour are re-investigated: the former one is conﬁrmed to be robust and accurate whereas the useof the FUV-NUV colour to measure dust attenuation is found highly uncertain. The current starformation rate given by the SED ﬁtting process is compared to that directly obtained from theUV and total IR luminosities. It leads to an accurate estimate of dust heating by old stars. Weemphasize the importance of such a sample as a reference for IR selected star forming galaxies inthe nearby universe Key words: infrared: galaxies; ultraviolet: galaxies; dust: extinction1. INTRODUCTIONThe nearby universe remains the best laboratory tounderstand the physical properties of galaxies and isa reference for any comparison with high redshift ob-servations. The all sky (or very large) surveys thathave been performed from the ultraviolet (UV) to thefar-infrared (far-IR) provide us with large datasets andvery large wavelength coverage to perform a referencestudy. The broad-band spectral energy distribution(SED) of a galaxy represents the combination of theemission from both stars of all ages and interstellardust that interact in a complex way by means of theabsorption and scattering of the stellar light by dustgrains. The stars emit from the UV to the near-IRwhereas the mid and far-IR emission comes from inter-stellar dust heated by the stellar emission. By compar-ing data with models, one can attempt to derive somephysical parameters related to the star formation his-tory and dust attenuation in a homogeneous way andsimultaneously for all galaxies of a given sample. Withthe availability of mid and far-IR data for large samplesof galaxies, we can combine stellar and dust emissionto analyse SEDs and deduce accurate star formationrates (SFRs). We investigate the properties of nearby galaxies by se-lecting a sample of objects that is as large as possible,observed as part of the
History of Chromium and Its Relationship To Glucose Metabolism

Studies by Schwartz and Mertz (1959) showed that trivalent chromium (Cr) was an essential component of a factor in brewers yeast (referred to as glucose tolerance factor) that corrected impaired glucose metabolism in rats fed a torula yeast-based diet. This discovery led to a number of studies in the 1960's evaluating Cr supplementation in humans with impaired glucose tolerance. Results obtained in these studies were variable but some individuals did show improvements in glucose metabolism following Cr supplementation. For example in one study 3 out of 6 adult-onset diabetics exhibited improved glucose tolerance following CrCl supplementation for 7-13 weeks (Glinsmann and Mertz, 1966).
Parkinsonian sensory integration for balance control : time based postural effects of alterations in sensory information

Changes in postural stability following sensory manipulation were investigated among Parkinson's disease patients and healthy older adults. Sixteen Parkinson's disease patients (PD; mean age 68.2 ± 2.7 years) and sixteen older adults (control; mean age 67.6 + 2.6 years) performed quiet standing trials that progressed through baseline, sensory manipulation, and reintegration. Postural control following visual deprivation was assessed following alternate removal and reinsertion of visual information. Postural recovery following sensory incongruence was assessed following the termination of visual, somatosensory, and visuosomatosensory incongruence. PD patients' balance was disrupted following visual deprivation, and was initially disrupted when visual information was returned. PD patients' postural recovery was comparable to control subjects when sensory incongruence ended. These findings indicate that situations of visual deprivation in particular are initially disruptive for PD patients, and imply initial difficulty for sensory reorgani2ation in these patients. Our results provide insight into environmental situations imposing greater fall risk among the parkinsonian population.
Lower and Upper Benue River Basin and Rural Development Authorities and Rural Development: A Comparative Study

Successive governments in Nigeria have adopted different strategies and programme to develop the rural area s because majority of people in the country live and find their livelihood in the rural areas. The paper therefore, set out to compare how the Lower and Upper Benue River Basin and Rural Development Authorities have developed their host communities, to identify the constraints of the organisations in developing rural areas; and to proffer recommendations to the constraints of the organisations in developing their host communities. Primary and secondary data were obtained using questionnaire and documents respectively. The primary data were presented using frequencies and percentages. It was revealed that inadequate funding, poor maintenance culture, staff retrenchment and commercialisation of the organisations have negatively affected their efforts in rural development. It was therefore recommended that government should disburse funds adequately and timely to the organisations and more qualified personnel be recruited into the services of the organisations. Above all, the government and host communities of the organisations should support and be committed to the activities of the River Basin Authorities to facilitate their success.
The Production Efficiency of Cupped Oyster Crassostrea gigas Sprat According to Clutch and Growth Comparing Diploid and Triploid Oysters in Off-bottom Culture for Tidal Flat Utilization

To produce cupped oyster sprat consistently, we investigated the efficiency of nine settlement substrates using selective breeding of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, with the goal of popularizing off-bottom culture on the west coast of Korea. We also compared the growth and survival of selectively bred sprat (diploid) with triploid sprat from an off-bottom culture system. Considering, the attachment rate and detachment efficiency, producing cupped oyster in a polypropylene gunny bag proved to be the most effective method. There were no differences in shell growth or total weight between the diploids from selective breeding and triploids from off-bottom culture for 5 months. However, the survival rate was 8 times higher in the diploids than the triploids. Transplanting sprat from selective breeding is one way to restore oyster farms and nurture off-bottom culture along the west coast.