Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison of VLV, ULV, and ECR Tests

It has been shown that Very-Low-Voltage and Minimum-Voltage tests can detect defects that escape tests applied at normal voltages. Energy Consumption Ratio test, a recently developed current-based test, has shown its ability to reduce the impact of process variations and detect various types of defects. These tests may be used as supplements to traditional tests to ensure high quality product. In this paper, Very-Low-Voltage, Ultra-Low-Voltage (a modified version of Minimum-Voltage), and Energy Consumption Ratio tests are applied as supplemental tests along with existing traditional tests to a biomedical IC product. The effectiveness and efficiency of these supplemental tests are evaluated and compared with some major traditional tests. The effectiveness analysis indicates that Ultra-Low-Voltage and Energy Consumption Ratio tests identified potentially defective devices from the good devices. The efficiency analysis shows that Energy Consumption Ratio test is much more efficient than Very-Low-Voltage, Ultra-Low-Voltage, and major traditional tests.
Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells of the central nervous system in mammals

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the self-renewing, multipotent cells that generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system (Fig. 1a). Over the past decades, the confirmation that neurogenesis occurs in discrete areas of the adult brain and that NSCs reside in the adult brain has overturned the long-held dogma that we are born with a certain number of nerve cells and that the brain cannot generate new neurons and renew itself. In this article, we review the evidence that neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and that the adult CNS contains NSCs.
Lexical tone and stress in Goizueta Basque

Research in the past few decades has shown that Northern Bizkaian Basque possesses a pitch-accent system of the Tokyo Japanese type, with a contrast between lexically accented and unaccented words. There is, however, a separate area of the Basque-speaking territory where we also find tonal accent phenomena: Western Navarre. In comparison with Northern Bizkaian, the Western Navarrese prosodic system has remained under-studied and ill-understood. In this paper, which focuses on the Western Navarrese Basque variety spoken in the town of Goizueta, we demonstrate that both stress and tone are lexically contrastive in this prosodic system. Words can be stressed on either the first or the second syllable of the stem and the stressed syllable is lexically specified as bearing one of two contours, in a way that is reminiscent of other European pitch-accent languages. We show that stress is consistently cued by both duration and relative intensity. Pitch contours are used for an independent contrast in accent type. The existence of contrastive tone in Western Navarrese Basque, in addition to contrastive stress, was not previously known. Basque may be one of the few languages where both Tokyo-type and Swedish-type lexical pitch-accent systems are concurrently attested and can still be phonetically and phonologically investigated.
Spectral projected gradient pursuit for compressed sensing

A greedy sparse signal recovery algorithm called spectral projected gradient pursuit algorithm for compressed sensing is introduced in this paper. Directional pursuit frame is adopted in this algorithm and spectral projected gradient method is used to compute the update direction and step length. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the approximate conjugate gradient pursuit algorithm.
Effect of oxide thickness on the low-frequency noise in MOSFET-based charge transfer devices

Current noise in MOSFET-based charge transfer device consisting of different gate oxide thicknesses was evaluated. More than an order of magnitude higher noise levels were found to exist in 5nm thick gate oxide devices compared to 10 and 20 nm thick gate oxide devices as opposed to the theoretical expectation. The normalized noise powers under both CT and DC modes were formulated to be directly correlated to the power of interface charge fluctuation. As a result, normalized noise power was found to be in the order of the interface trap density in these devices, rationalizing the larger noise in the 5 nm gate oxide device.
Odor reception in antenna and antennal lobe of Drosophila

In early years of neurogenetics of Drosophila, most of us were inclined to believe that behavior of the fruit fly is largely stereotyped and hard-wired. This, at least, was a common prejudice when genetic analysis of olfaction began.14 We now know that Drosophila like other insects is capable of several types of learning or experience-dependent modification of behavior.2,4,5,7,10,12,13,15
Analyzing Complexity of Enterprise Production System Based on CAS Theory

Production system consists of several sub-systems, and there exists complex interactions between sub-systems. Also, the production system itself has to adapt to the environment. Based on the definition of enterprise production system and complex adaptive system (CAS) theory, this paper built a basic structure for enterprise production system, analyzed the components, sources and features of enterprise production system's complexity, broadened the research perspective of production system. According to professor Holland's definition for the 7 basic characteristics of CAS, this study elaborated the CAS characteristics of enterprise production system, discussed the interactions within production system and between production system and environment, revealed the adaptability and complexity features of production system as a CAS. This research will be helpful to further study of enterprise production system.
RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS FOR RESTENOSIS MASTER ’ S THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Science in The Graduate School of The Ohio State University By

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has greatly benefited patients with occluded coronary arteries, but its benefits have been undermined by a high incidence of restenosis. The introduction of coronary stents has significantly improved the short and long term outcome but restenosis still occurs in approximately 15-30 % of patients within 6 months. Research efforts are now being directed toward combination stenting and drug delivery. Among the therapeutic targets being pursued are agents which can impede smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation as these processes are critical components of restenosis injury. We propose that inhibiting the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides will impede cell proliferation and as such limit the degree of restenosis. Therefore, we tested whether the potent Ribonucleotide Reductase (RR) inhibitors, Didox and Imidate, can limit the neointimal proliferation associated with restenosis using rat, rabbit and porcine models of vascular injury. Results demonstrated that systemic administration of the RR inhibitors Didox, Imidate and Hydroxyurea significantly reduced intimal thickening, intima/media ratio and lumen loss. Results from cell proliferation studies suggest that the mechanism of protection is inhibition of SMC proliferation and decreased number of circulating leukocytes. These
Rapid death of injected myoblasts in myoblast transfer therapy

Myoblast transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A Y‐chromosome‐specific probe was used to track the fate of donor male myoblasts injected into dystrophic muscles of female mdx mice (which are an animal model for DMD). In situ analysis with the Y‐probe showed extremely poor survival of isolated normal male (C57B1/10Sn) donor myoblasts after injection into injured or uninjured muscles of dystrophic (mdx) and normal (C57B1/10Sn) female host mice. A decrease in the numbers of donor (male) myoblasts was seen from 2 days and was marked by 7 days after injection: few or no donor myoblasts were detected in host muscles examined at 3–12 months. There was limited movement of the injected donor myoblasts and fusion into host myofibers was rare. The results of this study strongly suggest that the failure of clinical trials of myoblast transplantation therapy in boys with DMD may have been due to rapid and massive death of the donor myoblasts soon after myoblast injection. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Title Optimization of attenuation and scatter corrections in sentinel lymph nodescintigraphy using SPECT / CT systems

Objective: Although SPECT/CT systems have been used for sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging, few studies have focused on optimization of attenuation correction (AC) and scatter correction (SC). While SLNs could be detected in conventional planar images, they sometimes do not appear in SPECT/CT images. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal AC and SC and to improve the detectability of SLNs in examinations using SPECT/CT systems. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 56 female patients with breast cancer. In SPECT/CT imaging, four kinds of images were created with and without AC and SC; namely, AC-SC-, AC+SC-, AC-SC+ and AC+SC+. Five nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the planar and SPECT/CT images with five grades of confidence levels (1 to 5). The detection rate was calculated as the number of patients whose average confidence levels of interpretation were more than 4, divided by the total number of patients. Results: The confidence level of interpretation and the detection rate provided by the planar images were 4.76 ± 0.49 and 94.6%, respectively. In
Directing Generative Networks with Weighted Maximum Mean Discrepancy

The maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) between two probability measures P and Q is a metric that is zero if and only if all moments of the two measures are equal, making it an appealing statistic for two-sample tests. Given i.i. d. samples from P and Q, Gretton et al. (2012) show that we can construct an unbiased estimator for the square of the MMD between the two distributions. If P is a distribution of interest and Q is the distribution implied by a generative neural network with stochastic inputs, we can use this estimator to train our neural network. However, in practice we do not always have i.i. d. samples from our target of interest. Data sets often exhibit biases—for example, under-representation of certain demographics—and if we ignore this fact our machine learning algorithms will propagate these biases. Alternatively, it may be useful to assume our data has been gathered via a biased sample selection mechanism in order to manipulate properties of the estimating distribution Q. In this paper, we construct an estimator for the MMD between P and Q when we only have access to P via some biased sample selection mechanism, and suggest methods for estimating this sample selection mechanism when it is not already known. We show that this estimator can be used to train generative neural networks on a biased data sample, to give a simulator that reverses the effect of that bias.
Human Papillomavirus Detection by the Hybrid Capture II Assay: A Reliable Test to Select Women With Normal Cervical Smears at Risk for Developing Cervical Lesions

The reliability of the Hybrid Capture II (HC-II; Digene, Silver Spring, MD, U.S.A.) assay was tested in detecting 18 human Papillomavirus (HPV) types for the screening of cervical lesions. Cytology, HPV testing, colposcopy, and biopsy were used to monitor 204 women with normal smears at the first entry. The median follow-up was 15 months (range, 4–27 months). The primary endpoint was clinical progression defined as the presence of a cervical intraepithelial lesion at the biopsy. In the patient population of 204 HPV-infected women, 81 (39.7%) had a persistent HPV infection at two or three examinations with a final histologic diagnosis of 14 high-grade and 13 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) within 4 to 22 months. Women with regressive HPV infection did not develop any lesion during the same period. The evaluation of the viral load of high-risk HPV by the HC-II did not represent a sensitive approach to predict the persistence or the apparition of high-grade lesions. Thus, persistent high-risk HPV infection detected with HC-II represents a reliable tool to select populations at risk for the development of high-grade cervical lesions.
Some new results in monadic second-order arithmetic

Let σ be a signature and A a σ -structure with domain N. Say that a monadic second-order σ -formula is n iff it has the form ∀X1∃X2∀X3 . Xnψ with X1, . , Xn set variables and ψ containing no set quantifiers. Consider the following properties: ACP for each positive integer n, the set of n-σ -sentences true in A is 1 n-complete; ADP for each positive integer n, if a set of natural numbers is n-definable (i.e. by a 1 n-formula) in the standard model of arithmetic and closed under automorphisms of A, then it is n-definable in A. We use | and ⊥ to denote the divisibility relation and the coprimeness relation respectively. Given a prime p, let bcp be the function which maps every pair (x, y) of natural numbers into ( x+y x ) modp. In this article we prove: 〈N, |〉 and all 〈N, bcp,=〉 have both ACP and ADP; in effect, even 〈N,⊥〉 has ACP. Notice – these results readily generalise to arbitrary arithmetical expansions of the corresponding structures, provided that the extended signature is finite.
A Decision Method to Maximize Service Quality under Budget Constraints: The Kano Study of a Chinese Machinery Manufacturer

Manufacturers are increasingly facing keen competition and improving customers’ position in the value chain. Many of them have made efforts to promote service quality and enhance customer satisfaction. Research is lacking in considering the trade-off between service costs and customer satisfaction when tackling service quality issues in the machinery industry. A decision method is proposed for maximizing service quality in machinery industry under budget constraints, from the perspective of enterprise capacity and customer satisfaction. Due to the strength of the Kano model in acknowledging the nonlinear impacts of quality elements on customer satisfaction, we formalize the relationship between customer satisfaction and sufficiency of service quality elements quantitatively. And then we develop a novel nonlinear programming model to maximize service quality under budget constraints. In particular, we implement our model at Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group Co., Ltd., one of the largest Chinese construction machinery companies, to validate the efficacy of the method.
Classification of binary intentions for individuals with impaired oculomotor function: ‘eyes-closed’ SSVEP-based brain–computer interface (BCI)

Objective. Some patients suffering from severe neuromuscular diseases have difficulty controlling not only their bodies but also their eyes. Since these patients have difficulty gazing at specific visual stimuli or keeping their eyes open for a long time, they are unable to use the typical steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) systems. In this study, we introduce a new paradigm for SSVEP-based BCI, which can be potentially suitable for disabled individuals with impaired oculomotor function. Approach. The proposed electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI system allows users to express their binary intentions without needing to open their eyes. A pair of glasses with two light emitting diodes flickering at different frequencies was used to present visual stimuli to participants with their eyes closed, and we classified the recorded EEG patterns in the online experiments conducted with five healthy participants and one patient with severe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Main results. Through offline experiments performed with 11 participants, we confirmed that human SSVEP could be modulated by visual selective attention to a specific light stimulus penetrating through the eyelids. Furthermore, the recorded EEG patterns could be classified with accuracy high enough for use in a practical BCI system. After customizing the parameters of the proposed SSVEP-based BCI paradigm based on the offline analysis results, binary intentions of five healthy participants were classified in real time. The average information transfer rate of our online experiments reached 10.83 bits min−1. A preliminary online experiment conducted with an ALS patient showed a classification accuracy of 80%. Significance. The results of our offline and online experiments demonstrated the feasibility of our proposed SSVEP-based BCI paradigm. It is expected that our ‘eyes-closed’ SSVEP-based BCI system can be potentially used for communication of disabled individuals with impaired oculomotor function.
2- to 20-GHz Switch Using III-Nitride Capacitively Coupled Contact Varactors

We report on the low-loss microwave switch monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) built using voltage-controlled capacitors formed by the two Schottky contacts deposited over an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. A symmetrical structure of the varactor allows for either positive or negative control voltage. A small electrode and a spacing size of 2 μm ensure low on-impedance. The fabricated series-shunt switch MMIC shows 0.8-dB insertion loss and 28-dB isolation at 18 GHz and the maximum linear power of 34 dBm at 10 GHz and 38 dBm at 18 GHz (extrapolated from 2- to 10-GHz data). The device does not require contact alignment or annealing; it is robust, simple to fabricate, and well suited for MMICs.
Randomized phase II study of dulanermin in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dulanermin combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC) and bevacizumab (PCB) as first-line treatment for advanced or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with squamous NSCLC and/or CNS metastases received PC every 3 weeks alone (arm 1) or with dulanermin 8 mg/kg for 5 days (arm 2). Patients with nonsquamous NSCLC received PCB alone (arm 3) or with dulanermin 8 mg/kg for 5 days (arm 4) or 20 mg/kg for 2 days (arm 5). The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Overall, 213 patients were randomly assigned (arm 1, n = 41; arm 2, n = 39; arm 3, n = 42; arm 4, n = 40; arm 5, n = 41). The ORR in arms 1 to 5 was 39% (95% CI, 24% to 56%), 38% (95% CI, 24% to 54%), 50% (95% CI, 35% to 65%), 40% (95% CI, 25% to 56%), and 40% (95% CI, 25% to 56%), respectively. The odds ratio for ORR was 1.04 (P = 1.000) for arm 1 versus arm 2, 1.53 (P = .391) for arm 3 and versus arm 4, and 1.53 (P = .391) for arm 3 versus arm 5. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were neutropenia, asthenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hemoptysis. Of 161 available serum samples, a trend toward increased caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 was observed after dulanermin treatment in cycles 1 and 2. Among 84 patients evaluated for GalNT14 expression, there was a trend toward favorable progression-free survival and overall survival with dulanermin treatment in those with high GalNT14 expression. CONCLUSION The addition of dulanermin to PC and PCB did not improve outcomes in unselected patients with previously untreated advanced or recurrent NSCLC.
Severe hyperkalemia during very-low-calorie diets and angiotensin converting enzyme use.

To the Editor. — The recent Commentary by Wadden et al 1 and subsequent letters to the editor 2 discussed complications associated with rapid weight loss using very-low-calorie diets. I report herein a complication occurring with the combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and protein supplement very-low-calorie diets. Report of a Case. — A 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with weakness following intermittent vomiting for 36 hours. She had lost 33.8 kg over the previous 6 months, on a diet of five packages per day of a protein supplement and one dinner salad topped with lemon juice and salt substitute. She continued to ingest her supplement despite her vomiting. Hypertension, which had failed to resolve with weight reduction, was being treated with lisinopril, 10 mg daily, and she took 600 mg of theophylline daily. In the emergency department, she complained of severe weakness. Her serum potassium measurement was 9.7 mmol/L.
Gene therapy made difficult

One of the driving forces behind the characterisation of single gene diseases such as cystic fibrosis and complex disorders such as restenosis after angioplasty is the hope that novel therapies may emerge from a precise knowledge of the molecular pathophysiology. The development of a number of vector systems designed to deliver foreign genes to cells set the stage for the emergence of experimental gene transfer to investigate the function of individual genes, soon to be followed by gene therapy. In the early 1990s a number of review articles on the “gene therapy made easy” theme described the basic mechanisms by which studies with replication deficient adenoviruses and synthetic vectors could open up new possibilities for the treatment of vascular diseases.1 2 However, despite enormous enthusiasm, the application of gene transfer techniques in animal models has been problematic, and to date meaningful clinical benefit has not been realised in human studies. Moreover, fundamental difficulties in the basic biology of gene transfer techniques need to be addressed before real progress can be made in the application of this fashionable concept to the clinical arena. Genes are large polar molecules that are not readily taken up by cells, and considerable efforts have been made to develop suitable vectors to deliver DNA to the nuclei of target cells. These include a number of synthetic compounds such as cationic liposomes and cationic polymers, which complex with DNA and fuse with cell membranes to gain entry. Replication deficient adenoviruses can be engineered to carry genes of interest, but these …
SearchKids: a digital library interface for young children

As more information resources become accessible using computers, our digital interfaces to those resources need to be appropriate for all people. However, digital library interfaces have typically been designed for older children or adults. In this demonstration, we present SearchKids, a digital library interface developmentally appropriate for young children (age 5-10 years old). SearchKids offers a graphical interface for querying, browsing and reviewing search results.
Micro-Heterogeneity in Complex Liquids

Liquids are fundamentally thought to be disordered systems (with few exceptions such as liquids crystals). We feel that aqueous mixtures belong to a very special type of disorder, caracterised by the micro-heterogeneity, and where fluctuations in the number of particles in a given volume play an important role. It is this problem that is not well described by finite size simulations, for the very simple reason that such system contains two scales of description, the original microscopic scale related to molecular size, and the newly emerged mesoscopic scale related to the segregated domains.
A New adaptive method for removing impulse noise from medical images

This paper presents an efficient adaptive filter, to remove impulse noise from X-ray images. This filter has two stages. At the first stage, based on the intensity value, the pixels are classified into two classes, which are noisy pixels and noise-free pixels, the noisy pixels are only processed and the noise-free pixels remain unchanged. In this method the size of window is adaptively changed and the edges and details are preserves, hence for the replacing noisy pixels, two issues are considered the noise-free pixels and the level of noise in an image. The result from 50 test X-ray images showed that this method is promising to remove the impulse noise from X-ray images.