Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Recipe Recommendation System Based on Regional Flavor Similarity

One of the factors that affect food choice is flavor preferences. Although the flavors of cuisines vary from one region to another, there are flavor similarities among the cuisines from geographically adjacent regions. This paper presents a recipe recommendation system to recommend a set of dishes from the various Chinese regional cuisines for a certain flavor preference in terms of flavor similarity. The flavor similarities among the cuisines are determined using our previously developed algorithms. First, the TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) algorithm is used to calculate the ingredient preferences of the regional cuisines, on the basis of which, each dish of the regional cuisines is given a score. Then, we use the cosine similarity to measure the flavor similarities among the regional cuisines. Finally, the Tidal-Trust algorithm is employed to choose the dishes with the most similar flavors and recommend them to the user. The results of the questionnaire evaluation for the system show the recommendations from the system are reasonable and acceptable from professional chefs’ point of view.
Self-Efficacy and Burnout Syndrome among Teachers

Since the burnout syndrome is highly prevalent in the teaching profession, there is a great need to identify protective factors from chronic stress and long-term professional dissatisfaction among teachers. One of these could be self-efficacy. This study examines the connection between burnout syndrome and self-efficacy among the teachers at Czech grammar schools. The sample consists of 2394 teachers at Czech grammar schools. The survey instrument were two questionnaires which included: 1) Shirom-Melamed Burnout Scale and 2) Czech Teachers Self-efficacy Scale which was developed within the study. Both instruments showed good reliability (over .90) and other acceptable psychometrics. The findings revealed that the correlation between burnout and self-efficacy was significant and different rates of burnout among teachers with high self-efficacy and low self-efficacy. In conclusion, the study detected a negative correlation between self-efficacy and burnout syndrome. A strong correlation was found between emotional burnout and self-efficacy. The correlations between burnout subscales and self-efficacy subscales were also considered. The differences based on gender, teaching experience and educational level were also considered with regard to burnout and self-efficacy. The three-factor structure of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Scale and its excellent psychometrics, including high reliability, were confirmed for the Czech version (Ptacek et al., in print). The original SMBM includes 14 items divided into three subscales. However, for the purpose of this study, only 13 items were used because in the Czech language two items referring to physical exhaustion are too close in meaning and show an unacceptably high correlation. The norms (the mean scores) were adapted to 13 items in total.
Labor Shakes: Mid-Run Effects of the 27F Earthquake on Unemployment

I exploit the exogenous characteristic of a natural disaster occurred in Chile in order to explain its effects on general unemployment over affected and unaffected regions of the country in a mid-run timespan of 5 measured years. By using a fixed effect panel data regression model, I find that regions closer to the epicentre of the 27F earthquake showed signicantly deeper reductions of unemployment over the time in comparison to those regions which are further from the epicentre. This effect was not observed in a signicant way when using a short-run subsample of two years. I also perform diverse robustness checks over the estimates, all of which strongly support these findings. Thus, I conclude that more affected regions received a prime on unemployment reduction in the mid-run lapse of these four years after the earthquake.
MODELING THE DIFFERENTIAL MOTION OF A MOBILE MANIPULATOR AND DESIGNING A NEW VISUAL SERVOING FOR TRACKING A FLYING TARGET

This article describes a process to model the differential motion of a mobile manipulator which is a two-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (pan-tilt) mounted on a wheeled mobile robot (WMR). Next, a new visual servoing is designed for this pan-tilt arm with the purpose of making the image feature of a target converge to the center of the image plane of a camera attached to the arm’s end-effector. Furthermore, this new visual servoing is able to deal with the uncertainties due to the unknown motions of both the flying target considered as a material point and the WMR moving on the floor. The global uniform asymptotic stability of this visual servoing is guaranteed by Lyapunov criteria. Simulation results implemented by Matlab/Simulink software have confirmed the both validity and performance of the entire control system.
Bilingualism and thought: Grammatical gender and concepts of objects in Italian-German bilingual children

This paper investigates whether bilinguals' and monolinguals' concepts of entities differ when the bilinguals' two languages provide two different representations of the same entity. Previous research shows that speakers of languages that have a grammatical gender system think of objects as being masculine or feminine in line with the grammatical gender of the objects' nouns. The present study investigates the effects of grammatical gender on concepts of objects in bilingual speakers of two languages that assign opposite gender to the same object. Italian-German bilingual children and Italian monolingual controls performed an on-line voice attribution task. All children were native speakers of Italian and living in Italy. Results show that Italian monolingual children attribute more female voices to objects whose noun is grammatically feminine in Italian. Monolinguals also show a preference for attributing voices consistently with Italian grammatical gender assignment. Italian-German bilingual children are not affected by Italian grammatical gender. It is argued that when the two languages of a bilingual represent a specific aspect of reality differently, the bilingual may develop different concepts from a monolingual. This is due to the knowledge of two specific languages rather than to bilingualism per se, and to linguistic rather than cultural factors.
A new family of generalized distributions

Kumaraswamy [Generalized probability density-function for double-bounded random-processes, J. Hydrol. 462 (1980), pp. 79–88] introduced a distribution for double-bounded random processes with hydrological applications. For the first time, based on this distribution, we describe a new family of generalized distributions (denoted with the prefix ‘Kw’) to extend the normal, Weibull, gamma, Gumbel, inverse Gaussian distributions, among several well-known distributions. Some special distributions in the new family such as the Kw-normal, Kw-Weibull, Kw-gamma, Kw-Gumbel and Kw-inverse Gaussian distribution are discussed. We express the ordinary moments of any Kw generalized distribution as linear functions of probability weighted moments (PWMs) of the parent distribution. We also obtain the ordinary moments of order statistics as functions of PWMs of the baseline distribution. We use the method of maximum likelihood to fit the distributions in the new class and illustrate the potentiality of the new model with an application to real data.
Optimisation of ammonium tartrate and glucose concentration for gamma linolenic acid production by Cunninghamella sp. 2A1.

The effects of ammonium tartrate and glucose concentration on biomass, lipid and GLA accumulation in Cunninghamella sp. 2A1 were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Cultivation was carried out in 250 mL shake flask containing 100 mL of nitrogen limiting medium (with various combinations of concentration of ammonium tartrate (1-3 g/L) and glucose (30-60 g/L) at 30°C and 250 rpm agitation for 120 h. The concentration of both compounds significantly affected the biomass, lipid and GLA yield (p<0.05), with the production of each of them being represented by quadratic models. Higher concentration of ammonium tartrate and glucose (2.99 and 59.33 g/L, respectively) was required for enhanced biomass production whereas low nitrogen content with excess glucose was otherwise favoured for lipid and GLA production. Ammonium tartrate and glucose concentration at 1 and 43 g/L, respectively were estimated by the model and proven to give the highest lipid production and GLA yield of 31.06 % (g/g biomass) and 4.15 ×10-2 (g/g lipid less biomass), respectively.
An Intraday Examination of the Federal Funds Market: Implications for the Theories of the Reverse-J Pattern

The intraday literature suggests that returns, variances, and volume form an intraday reverse-J pattern. Two competing theories explain the observed patterns: private information about future security prices and trading stoppages. The Federal funds market allows a unique opportunity to study the causes of intraday patterns because private information common to most markets does not play a role in setting prices. We find reverse-J variance patterns while accounting for generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model effects. Our results support trading stops as an explanation for the reverse-J pattern and suggest that private information is not a necessary condition for the observed pattern. Copyright 2001 by University of Chicago Press.
Carbonate mineralization in percolated olivine aggregates: Linking effects of crystallographic orientation and fluid flow

Abstract In situ mineralization of CO2 in ultramafic rock-hosted aquifers is one of the promising solutions for decreasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Naturally altered ultramafic rocks suggest that carbonation processes are controlled by local heterogeneities in the structure of the rock and fluid transport at the water-rock interfaces. We studied the role of rock crystallographic anisotropy relative to the global fluid flow direction on the mineralization of CO2 by means of electron microscope analyses from the macro- to the micrometer scale (EBSD-FIB). The sample used for the measurements was a hot pressed olivine core percolated by water enriched in CO2 (pCO2 = 10 MPa) at 180 °C. During the percolation experiment, olivine was dissolved and two types of carbonates, dolomite, and magnesite, were precipitated on olivine surfaces. The results showed that the dissolution of olivine is controlled by its crystallographic properties as shown by the development of etch-pits only on the (010)ol planes and with elongated shapes parallel to the [010]ol axes. In contrast, the precipitation of carbonates is governed by hydrodynamic properties. Carbonates are heterogeneously distributed in the percolated rock. They are mainly located along the moderate (for dolomite) and the minor (for magnesite) flow paths, both oriented parallel to the principal fluid flow direction, which allow carbonates to be supplied with divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+). In these flow paths, carbonate growth is systematically oriented normal to the flow that facilitates the development of chemical gradients with cationic supersaturation conditions for carbonate precipitation near the walls. In natural systems, the (010)ol planes are parallel to the Moho and the (100)ol planes are vertical; our study suggests that flow of CO2-rich fluids will induce precipitation of carbonates localized along, and preferentially clogging, vertical flow paths while favoring olivine dissolution along horizontal fluid pathways. This dual control of structure and fluid flow on carbonation mechanisms could be an important parameter allowing sustainable CO2 storage in peridotites, while limiting the risks of leakage toward the surface.
Genetic differentiation, reproductive mode, and gene flow in the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis along the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

The widespread and morphologically variable coral Pocillopora damicornis has been reported to exhibit huge variation in Life-history traits (e.g. mode of reproduction, growth rate, longevity and dispersal) both locally and regionally throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Dispersal may be achieved by the settlement of sexually or asexually generated brooded planula larvae, by broadcast spawning or more locally through asexual fragmentation of large colonies. In the present study, we conducted a hierarchical survey of allozyme variation within:hin and among reef-crest sites on 3 mid-shelf reefs separated by up to 1200 km on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Our objective was to use allozyme data (1) to quantify local and regional patterns of variation in P., damicornis (along the northeastern coast of Australia), (2) to determine the relative contribution of sexual versus asexual production of planulae in P., damicornis, and (3) to estimate levels of gene flow among adjacent sites (>5 km apart) and among reefs separated by 500 to 1200 km. High levels of genotypic diversity in our samples of P. damicornis imply that dispersive propagules in this species are produced sexually rather than asexually along the length of the GBR. Corals at all sites displayed: the same level of multi-locus genotypic diversity expected for randomly mating, sexually derived populations, and the majority of individual colonies possessed unique 7-locus genotypes. We also detected consistent deficits of heterozygotes within each collection (from 3 local sites on each of the 3 widely spaced reefs). This pattern is consistent with the predicted effects of sexual reproduction associated with some localised dispersal of gametes or larvae (although other explanations cannot be excluded). Furthermore, each reef was genetically subdivided, suggesting that larval recruitment was localised and that these populations are slightly inbred: hierarchical analysis of the standardised genetic variances (F-ST) (estimated as Weir & Cockerham's theta) revealed that, although there was only moderate variation among all 9 sites (F-ST = 0.055 +/- 0.029), more variation was found among sites within reefs (F-SL = 0.035 +/- 0.04 to 0.088 +/-: 0.033) than among distant reefs (F-LT = 0.008 +/- 0.014). This homogeneity of gene frequencies across widely separated reefs implies that reefs are connected by high:gh levels of gene flow (N(e)m approximate to 31) and that local populations of P. damicornis separated by >1000 km can interbreed sufficiently to maintain a consistent suite of life-history characters.
Intrinsic Dimensionality Estimation of High-Dimension, Low Sample Size Data with D-Asymptotics

High-dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) data are becoming common in various fields such as genetic microarrays, medical imaging, text recognition, finance, chemometrics, and so on. Such data have surprising and often counterintuitive geometric structures because of the high-dimensional noise that dominates and corrupts the local neighborhoods. In this article, we estimate the intrinsic dimension (ID) that allows one to distinguish between deterministic chaos and random noise of HDLSS data. A new ID estimating methodology is given and its properties are studied by using a d-asymptotic approach.
Modelling distribution and abundance with presence‐only data

Summary 1 Presence-only data, for which there is no information on locations where the species is absent, are common in both animal and plant studies. In many situations, these may be the only data available on a species. We need effective ways to use these data to explore species distribution or species use of habitat. 2 Many analytical approaches have been used to model presence-only data, some inappropriately. We provide a synthesis and critique of statistical methods currently in use to both estimate and evaluate these models, and discuss the critical importance of study design in models where only presence can be identified 3 Profile or envelope methods exist to characterize environmental covariates that describe the locations where organisms are found. Predictions from profile approaches are generally coarse, but may be useful when species records, environmental predictors and biological understanding are scarce. 4 Alternatively, one can build models to contrast environmental attributes associated with known locations with a sample of random landscape locations, termed either ‘pseudo-absences’ or ‘available’. Great care needs to be taken when selecting random landscape locations, because the way in which they are selected determines the modelling techniques that can be applied. 5 Regression-based models can provide predictions of the relative likelihood of occurrence, and in some situations predictions of the probability of occurrence. The logistic model is frequently applied, but can rarely be used directly to estimate these models; instead, case–control or logistic discrimination should be used depending on the sample design. 6 Cross-validation can be used to evaluate model performance and to assess how effectively the model reflects a quantity proportional to the probability of occurrence. However, more research is needed to develop a single measure or statistic that summarizes model performance for presence-only data. 7 Synthesis and applications. A number of statistical procedures are available to explore patterns in presence-only data; the choice among them depends on the quality of the presence-only data. Presence-only records can provide insight into the vulnerability, historical distribution and conservation status of species. Models developed using these data can inform management. Our caveat is that researchers must be mindful of study design and the biases inherent in presence data, and be cautious in the interpretation of model predictions.
A Model for Facilitating Field Experience in a Technology-Enhanced Model Pedagogical Laboratory

Abstract This paper presents a model for implementing a field experience program in a technology-enhanced pedagogical laboratory where teacher candidates practice and reflect on theory-based instructional strategies. The model consists of three steps: teacher candidate preparation, laboratory experience, and reflection. Teacher candidate preparation provides candidates with content, pedagogical, and technological knowledge needed to facilitate student learning. Laboratory experience offers opportunities for candidates to practice teaching in a technology-enhanced, student-centered learning environment. Reflection is a phase intended for the candidates to discuss and reflect on their facilitation experience. The paper first presents a conceptual framework that guides the development of the model. Then, it describes the model and illustrates it with an example. Last, it discusses present research and future directions related to the model.
ROMANIAN SALT LAKES : SOME PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL FEATURES AND COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

The present paper deals with biological studies of natural salt lakes located in the Romanian plain. There were investigated for first time the halophilic microorganisms (bacteria and archaea) and also phytoand zooplankton species in relation with physical-chemical parameters as control factors. The chemical composition of all tested lakes is marked by the abundant presence of chlorides (sodium, magnesium, potassium) and also some relatively important concentrations of aluminium and strontium detected in the particular case of Ocnele Mari. The biological diversity was represented by several types of archaea and halophilic bacterial species and some species of cyanobacteria and diatoms. There were also identified ciliates, rotifers and copepods mainly in the samples taken from Amara and Balta Albă. These lakes are considered hyposaline, because total chloride concentrations do not exceed 20 g L and sodium appears to be absent. The results revealed the presence of magnesium and calcium ions and a chloride content that influences the phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity in these saline environments.
Delay of Stall by Small Amplitude Airfoil Oscillations at Low Reynolds Numbers

Particle Image Velocimetry and force measurements were conducted for small amplitude plunging motion of a NACA0012 airfoil at a post-stall angle of attack. Time-averaged flow shows that the region of separation is significantly reduced compared to a stationary airfoil. At low Strouhal numbers phase-averaged flow shows the formation and convection of leading-edge vortices, followed by their destructive interaction with the trailing-edge vortices. This mode of vortex flow is modified substantially at a critical Strouhal number. In this new mode, the leading-edge vortex is generated during the downward motion of the airfoil, but dissipates rapidly during the upward motion of the airfoil. Hence the convection of the leading-edge vortices is not observed. The strong interaction between the airfoil and vortex appears to destroy the coherency of the vortex. The switch between modes occurs at lower Strouhal numbers with increasing plunge amplitude. The critical Strouhal number corresponds to a Strouhal number based on the peak-to-peak amplitude Sr A = 0.25 - 0.42. The point of drag to thrust switch correlates strongly with the point of mode-switch.
Robust Control Methods a Systematic Survey

The paper addresses the problem how to recognize a level of robust controller design and is aimed show the difficulties of implementation for practical use. In the first part of paper we introduce the survey of robust controller design for SISO systems with generalization design procedure for structured and unstructured uncertainties. The second part of paper is devoted to MIMO systems. In the frequency domain robust controller design procedure we reduce to independent design of SISO subsystems and in time domain the LMI or BMI approaches with polytopic system description are favorable.
Are trees on islands more exposed to lightning-strokes than trees at mainland?

All vegetation is subject to different kinds of disturbances. Before human intervention, lightning strikes were the principal natural cause of ignition in conifer dominated European forests (Gromtsev 2002; Granstrom 2001). Spatial variation in strokes can provide valuable information about fire regimes in the past, but is not very well investigated. It has been claimed that ignition occurs more often on islands in lakes, than in corresponding habitat in mainland. The isolation and/or elevation would thus contribute to the high susceptibility to lightning strikes on islands. There may also be a difference in the attraction of lightning by different tree species. In this study, approximately 200 ha forest were investigated for lightning scars in trees on islands in the lake Allgunnen, and on adjacent mainland. To discover potential differences in scars distribution between the areas, the scars were classified into three categories according to the degree of certainty of lightning being the cause of the scar, "confident", "likely" and "uncertain lightning scars". More scars were found on islands (37.9/100ha) than in mainland (25.6/100ha). Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was incomparably the most frequently damaged species accordingly to tree species distribution in the investigated areas, being struck relatively more than other species. The findings suggest that there may be a difference in lightning strikes in trees on islands in lake Allgunnen compared to trees in corresponding mainland areas. And there may, as well, exist preferences in lightning-scars distribution on different tree species.