Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of maternal intelligence, marital status, income, and home environment on cognitive development of low birthweight infants.

OBJECTIVE To examine direct and mediated effects of maternal IQ, marital status, family income, and quality of the home environment on the cognitive development of low birthweight infants. METHODS Secondary analyses on a large dataset using hierarchical regression identified factors correlated with cognitive outcomes in children at 3 years of age who were born at low birthweight. RESULTS Maternal IQ was a critical variable, because it was highly correlated with child IQ and because maternal intelligence influenced patterns of relationships among other predictor variables including marital status, income level, and home environment on child IQ. Analyses revealed that effects of these variables on child IQ interacted with maternal IQ. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood intervention programs should target those low birthweight infants most at risk for impaired cognitive development. Children at greatest risk are those living with unmarried, low IQ mothers.
A novel multi-carrier waveform with high spectral efficiency: Semi-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

In this paper, semi-orthogonal frequency multiplexing (SOFDM) is proposed, which has doubled spectral efficiency over OFDM by halving the subcarrier spacing. SOFDM is orthogonal in real field but non-orthogonal in complex field. To cancel the inter carrier interference caused by non-orthogonality, linear equalization algorithms are introduced based on inter carrier cross-correlation matrix. However SOFDM still suffer a performance loss due to the white noise power amplification effect of linear equalization. To further improve the performance, by use of the special property of inter carrier cross-correlation matrix, complementary SOFDM is provided, which is orthogonal in both real and complex field. It has identical spectral efficiency with OFDM but obtain a diversity gain in fading channel. And a HARQ-style flexible complementary SOFDM is introduced, which can obtain not only performance gain but also spectral efficiency gain.
Prenatal diagnosis of subdural haemorrhage in a second twin using magnetic resonance imaging: a case report

The values of NT-MoMs of both groups (Table 1) fitted a Gaussian distribution. In the normal group, SD declined with gestational age: 0.1732 at 11 weeks (n = 644), 0.1425 at 12 weeks (n = 1517), 0.1448 at 13 weeks (n = 966), and 0.1394 at 14 weeks (n = 144). In fetuses with trisomy 21, the NT-MoMs decreased 12% per week according to the following formula: log10 (NT MoM) = 1.089 + 0.00813 × gestational age (in days). This decreasing trend was not significant (Spearman correlation test, p = 0·19). However, our data are consistent with that published by Spencer et al. (2003) and Wald et al. (2004) (Table 2). Therefore, it seems that the effect of gestational age on NT-MoM values is real. These findings increase the knowledge about NT variations that could improve the estimation of likelihood ratios for any given gestational age. Thus, the recognition of these variations should require adjusting the calculation formula of NT values in MoMs for each week of pregnancy, and it would still keep the advantages of a parametric approach as it is well known from the wide experience in the biochemical prenatal screening field (Cuckle et al., 1987). Finally, according to the available evidence, the best moment for Down syndrome screening with NT or NT plus PAPP-A would be at 10 to 11 weeks. On the other hand, the use of ultrasound at 12 to 13 weeks is more sensitive in the recognition of fetal anatomy, as it allows a better evaluation of other ultrasound markers and major structural defects. Therefore, the optimal week for first-trimester scan is still on debate.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst after gastrogastric anastomosis in patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: The dream becomes reality!

A 33‐year‐old female with a previous bariatric surgery according to the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was admitted to our hospital because of persistent abdominal pain. The presence of a cyst in 7 cm diameter in the pancreatic body was detected at computed tomography (CT). The endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation was performed to characterize the cystic lesion. From gastric stump, the cyst was observed, but the excluded gastric pouch was interposed. A fine‐needle aspiration of the cyst with a 19 gauge needle (ECHO‐19, Cook‐Medical Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA) was performed from the gastric stump through the excluded pouch. The cytological analysis showed the absence of malignant cells while biochemical analyses documented elevated amylase (6785 U/mL) and carcinoembryonic antigen <5 ng/mL. Then, a therapeutic endoscopic approach was proposed. Initially, an EUS‐guided puncture from the gastric stump with a 19 gauge needle was performed, and an access to excluded gastric lumen was obtained. Following contrast injection, a 0.035‐guidewire was placed into the gastric pouch, and a gastrogastric fistula was created by pushing a 10 Fr cystotome (CST10, Cook‐Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, USA) on the guidewire. Finally, a 2 cm/16 mm self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) (Nagi‐stent; Taewoong‐Medical; Seoul, Korea) was left in place [Figure 1a and b]. However, 2 weeks later, it was impossible to pass through the gastrogastric anastomosis with a therapeutic echoendoscope (Pentax; Tokyo, Japan), so that the SEMS was substituted by a 6 cm/20 mm enteral fully covered SEMS (Niti‐S; Taewoong‐Medical, Seoul, Korea). One week later, it was possible to reach the excluded gastric pouch with a therapeutic echoendoscope (Pentax; Tokyo, Japan) passing through the enteral stent that was removed. EUS‐guided puncture from the gastric pouch with a 19-gauge needle was performed and a 0.035-guidewire was placed into the cyst, so that a gastrocystic fistula was created by pushing a 10 Fr cystotome on the guidewire. Finally, a 2 cm/16 mm SEMS (Nagi‐stent; Taewoong‐Medical; Seoul, Korea) was positioned. Passage of air in the peritoneal cavity occurred, which was successfully evacuated using percutaneously a 19 G needle under CT guidance. The patient was asymptomatic, and she was discharged 72 h later. Two months later, the CT showed complete cyst drainage.
13 Fabry Disease : A Metabolic Proteinuric Nephropathy

Fabry disease is a rare disease. However, Fabry disease is more common than other inherited lysosomal storage disorders, affecting 1 in 40,000 to 1 in 117,000 worldwide (Mehta et al., 2004, Germain, 2010). Fabry disease is the caused by an inherited deficiency of galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramidase” (EC 3.2.1.14), commonly referred to as ┙galactosidase A (┙-Gal A). As a result, there is progressive cellular accumulation of glycosphingolipids, leading to organ failure and premature death. For decades, only symptomatic therapy was available, that did not prevent the fatal evolution of the disease. In the last decade, two forms of Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT), that prevent disease progression as well as potentially reverse symptoms, have been developed. However, these drugs are expensive and do not cure the disease.
Switching on the notochord.

The notochord is a defining characteristic of the chordate embryo. It is a dorsally located rod of tensile mesodermal tissue that lies immediately beneath the neural tube. In vertebrates the notochord functions as a skeletal element during early embryogenesis and as a source of signals that pattern the neural tube and paraxial mesoderm. Despite the recent identification of mutations affecting notochord development in zebrafish, the rather modest progress in isolating genes expressed in the notochord during its differentiation has limited our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning its structure and function. In a recent study, Takahashi et al. (1999), using embryos of the primitive chordate, the ascidian, have redressed the balance, identifying a large number of notochord-specific genes by subtractive cloning. Their approach, although not novel in principle, is remarkable for its efficacy and promises to set the stage for significant advances not only in our appreciation of the formation and function of the notochord but also in understanding how this important structure has evolved.
Vérification formelle et éthique dans les SMA

The increasing use of autonomous artificial agents in hospitals or in transport control systems leads to consider whether moral rules shared by many of us are followed by these agents. This a particularly hard problem because most of these moral rules are often not compatible. In such cases, humans usually follow ethical rules to promote one moral rule or another. Using formal verification to ensure that an agent follows a given ethical rule could help in increasing the confidence in artificial agents. In this article, we show how a set of formal properties can be obtained from an ethical rule ordering conflicting moral rules. If the behaviour of an agent verifies these properties (which can be proven using our existing proof framework), it means that this agent follows this ethical rule.
High resolution three‐dimensional imaging: Evidence for cell cycle reentry in regenerating skeletal muscle

Newts and other urodele amphibians can replace lost structures including limbs, providing a vertebrate model for the study of regeneration of complex tissues. The composite of different cell and tissue types in the limb, however, presents a challenge for their imaging in three‐dimensions (3D) at cellular level resolution. To observe myofibers in vivo without distortion, we developed a streamlined protocol whereby 80 μm thick cryosections are mounted on slides, processed for immunohistochemistry, imaged using confocal microscopy and z‐stacks rendered in 3D. This methodology enabled precise in situ rendering of regenerating muscle, demonstrating cell cycle reentry of nuclei within the myofiber syncytium. The high resolution imaging of muscle or comparable tissue types as intact 3D entities in the context of extracellular and intracellular molecules allows for the determination of signaling and cell response pathways, making this method useful for studies that attempt to characterize rare physiological events in vivo. Developmental Dynamics 240:1233–1239, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ-Parvin Is Dispensable for Hematopoiesis, Leukocyte Trafficking, and T-Cell-Dependent Antibody Response

ABSTRACT Integrins regulate cell behavior through the assembly of multiprotein complexes at the site of cell adhesion. Parvins are components of such a multiprotein complex. They consist of three members (α-, β-, and γ-parvin), form a functional complex with integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and PINCH, and link integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Whereas α- and β-parvins are widely expressed, γ-parvin has been reported to be expressed in hematopoietic organs. In the present study, we report the expression pattern of the parvins in hematopoietic cells and the phenotypic analysis of γ-parvin-deficient mice. Whereas α-parvin is not expressed in hematopoietic cells, β-parvin is only found in myeloid cells and γ-parvin is present in both cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, where it binds ILK. Surprisingly, loss of γ-parvin expression had no effect on blood cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival and no consequence for the T-cell-dependent antibody response and lymphocyte and dendritic cell migration. These data indicate that despite the high expression of γ-parvin in hematopoietic cells it must play a more subtle role for blood cell homeostasis.
Double Knockout Mutants of Arabidopsis Grown under Normal Conditions Reveal that the Plastidial Phosphorylase Isozyme Participates in Transitory Starch Metabolism1[C][W]

A plastidial phosphorylase isozyme participates in starch metabolism and integrates with central carbon metabolism in the entire cell biology. In leaves of two starch-related single-knockout lines lacking either the cytosolic transglucosidase (also designated as disproportionating enzyme 2, DPE2) or the maltose transporter (MEX1), the activity of the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme (PHS1) is increased. In both mutants, metabolism of starch-derived maltose is impaired but inhibition is effective at different subcellular sites. Two constitutive double knockout mutants were generated (designated as dpe2-1 × phs1a and mex1 × phs1b) both lacking functional PHS1. They reveal that in normally grown plants, the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme participates in transitory starch degradation and that the central carbon metabolism is closely integrated into the entire cell biology. All plants were grown either under continuous illumination or in a light-dark regime. Both double mutants were compromised in growth and, compared with the single knockout plants, possess less average leaf starch when grown in a light-dark regime. Starch and chlorophyll contents decline with leaf age. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy, mesophyll cells degrade chloroplasts, but degradation is not observed in plants grown under continuous illumination. The two double mutants possess similar but not identical phenotypes. When grown in a light-dark regime, mesophyll chloroplasts of dpe2-1 × phs1a contain a single starch granule but under continuous illumination more granules per chloroplast are formed. The other double mutant synthesizes more granules under either growth condition. In continuous light, growth of both double mutants is similar to that of the parental single knockout lines. Metabolite profiles and oligoglucan patterns differ largely in the two double mutants.
Somatic Symptoms and Psychiatric Disorders

*Correspondence “A fellow psychiatrist once told an anecdote. He was at a conference about depression in developing countries. The essence of the lectures was that people in those areas commonly expressed depression as physical symptoms. They ‘somaticize’ their depression, to use the medical parlance, complaining of malaise, stomach aches, dizziness and other symptoms that are hard to pin down. Young psychiatrist from third world commented “it is not that we in the third world somaticize depression, but rather that you in the developed world psychologise it? ’’
Office ligation of hemorrhoids.

To the Editor:— As originator of the office ligation method for the treatment of hemorrhoids and designer of an instrument employed, may I comment on the letter of Drs. Marino, Marino, and Mancini ( 205 : 469, 1968) relative to the article of Drs. Frink and Duckler ( 204 :375, 1968) on the subject. We described the method as an exhibition at the 1954 convention of the American Medical Association in San Francisco and authored the first published article concerning it ( Amer J Surg 96 :401, 1958). We mention this experience of some 18 years only because Drs. Marino, Marino, and Mancini submitted their few months more experience with the method than the article's authors' 18 months' experience as evidence of sorts. The assertion that "only internal hemorrhoids as a cause of symptoms is a distinct rarity" (as asserted in the letter) is just not true. Nor is the assertion that "hemorrhoids. which
Differential expression of serum miR-126, miR-141 and miR-21 as novel biomarkers for early detection of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have potential as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer. Evaluation of the association between miRNA expression patterns and early detection of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. METHODS We investigated the expression of metastasis-associated miRs-31, 335, 206, 141, 126, 200b, 200c, 21, Let7a, Let7b and Let7c in localized, liver-metastatic and other organ-metastatic CRC (OM-CRC). Expressions of target miRNAs in serum were evaluated in 116 consecutive localized CRC (L-CRC), 72 synchronous liver-metastatic CRC (SLM-CRC) and 36 other OM-CRC by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Seven of 11 tested miRNAs could be detected from serum. Four miRNAs, miR-126, Let-7a, miR-141 and miR-21 were identified as metastasis-associated miRNAs. Compared with L-CRC, significant up-regulated expression was observed for miR-141 and miR-21 in SLM-CRC and OM-CRC, down-regulated expression was observed for miR-126 in SLM-CRC and OM-CRC, and up-regulated expression of Let-7a in OM-CRC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed serum miR-126 had a cut-off [log10 relative quantity (log10 (RQ))=-0.2005] with 77.78% sensitivity and 68.97% specificity with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.7564, miR-141 had a cut-off (log10 (RQ)=-0.2285) with 86.11% sensitivity and 76.11% specificity with an AUC of 0.8279, and miR-21 had a cut-off (log10 (RQ)=-0.1310) with 73.61% sensitivity and 66.38% specificity with an AUC of 0.7479. CONCLUSIONS We identified liver metastasis-associated miRNAs, suggesting serum miR-126, miR-141 and miR-21 may be novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of early stage liver-metastatic CRC.
MixAll: Clustering Mixed data with Missing Values

The Clustering project is a part of the STK++ library (Iovleff 2012) that can be accessed from R (R Development Core Team 2013) using the MixAll package. It is possible to cluster Gaussian, gamma, categorical, Poisson, or a combination of these models in case of mixed data. Moreover, if there is missing values in the original data set, these missing values will be imputed during the estimation process. These imputations can be biased estimators or Monte-Carlo estimators of the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) values depending of the algorithm used.
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for Systemic Mycoses

Introduction Compared to antibacterial drugs, antimicrobial agents available for treatment of invasive fungal infections are sparse. Amphotericin B (polyene) was the first drug introduced in the 1950s, followed by flucytosine (pyrimidine) in the 1970s, and first-generations azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole) in the 1990s. Triazoles (voriconazole, posaconalzole) and echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) became available more recently, with isavuconazole added in 2015. Although most fungi remain susceptible to many of these drugs, expanding use of antifungal therapy due to a steadily growing immunocompromized population and potentially the use of azoles in agriculture, has led to elevated resistance rates among clinical isolates [1]. Important examples of increasingly observed resistance-patterns include fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata and triazole cross-resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, co-resistance has been described for C. glabrata strains displaying resistance to both azoles and echinocandins [1]. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) may be important to predict the probable outcome of therapy in patients infected with unusual fungal isolates for which susceptibility patterns cannot be predicted, or in those patients that do not respond to therapy. In order to determine drug susceptibilities for yeasts and moulds, two methodologies that are based on broth microdilution (BMD) are widely accepted: one was established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) [2-5] and the other by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Although minor differences remain, both BMD techniques have been harmonized in recent years and overall produce comparable results. In addition to BMD, disk diffusion methods for Candida spp. and some moulds have been release by CLSI, but are more limited and less frequently used.
Effective simulation of kinetic equations for bosonic system with two-particle interaction using OpenCL

The system of kinetic equations for interacting quantum system (such as excitons or polaritons in semiconductor) is problematic to study numerically, due to multiple summation giving amount of calculation as high as L9 where L is the linear size of the system. Here we present the effective algorithm of L5 log L scale using analytical tranformation. Our OpenCL realization allows simulation of the systems as large as L = 64.
Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on the progression of alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis model in rats. METHODS One hundred eighty (180) Wistar rats were separated into 3 experimental groups. Cotton ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of lower right first molars. The rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups that received: a daily oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight of celecoxib (Ce1); 20 mg/kg body weight of celecoxib (Ce2); or 10 ml/kg of saline solution (C). Serum levels of celecoxib and white blood cell count were determined. Standardized digital radiographs were taken after sacrifice at 3, 5, 10, 18, and 30 days to measure the amount of bone loss around the mesial root surface of the first molar tooth in each rat. RESULTS Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that groups treated with celecoxib had significantly less bone loss compared to controls (P < 0.0001) and that there was a significant interaction between treatment with celecoxib and time (P < 0.03). Post-hoc comparisons showed that in both groups treated with celecoxib, the bone loss became significant only after 10 days of ligature placement, while in the control group it was already significant after 5 days. However, differences in mean bone loss between control and Ce1 were significant only at 18 days and, between control and Ce2, at 5 and 18 days. There was no significant difference in bone loss among experimental groups at the end of the experimental period. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that systemic therapy with celecoxib can modify the progression of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats.
Data‐adaptive algorithms for calling alleles in repeat polymorphisms

Data‐adaptive algorithms are presented for separating overlapping signatures of heterozygotic allele pairs in electrophoresis data. Application is demonstrated for human microsatellite CA‐repeat polymorphisms in LiCor 4000 and ABI 373 data. The algorithms allow overlapping alleles to be called correctly in almost every case where a trained observer could do so, and provide a fast automated objective alternative to human reading of the gels. The algorithm also supplies an indication of confidence level which can be used to flag marginal cases for verification by eye, or as input to later stages of statistical analysis.
Immune Complex-Associated Deafness: Preliminary Communication

During the last year patients presenting with progressive bilateral or sudden sensorineural deafness of unknown aetiology have been investigated for possible abnormal immune activity. Twenty-six cases are reported in which significantly raised circulating immune complexes were present, together with 2 cases of clinical autoimmune deafness where the complexes were normal. Thirty-six control subjects were also studied. Following a review of the clinical features, the pathogenesis of this new association with sensorineural deafness is discussed. In some cases the aetiology is probably autoimmune, and in others related to infection. In certain patients the deafness has been partly reversed by medical treatment with systemic steroids or plasma exchange. It is hypothesized that circulating immune complexes may reflect a previously unrecognized final common pathophysiological pathway in a variety of cochleovestibular disorders.