Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical and calculation DC-link capacitor of a three-phase grid-tied photovoltaic inverter

This paper proposes a three-phase photovoltaic inverter connected to a grid with a low DC link film capacitance. Generally, photovoltaic three-phase inverters have large electrolytic DC-Link capacitors. These capacitors are known for their large size and limited operating lifetime, particularly in the case of systems with high ripple currents. This paper proposes a calculation and parameter requirements for selecting a low value film capacitor for DC-Link under high temperature conditions. The sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) was used in the oriented control system of three-phase inverters in this paper. The simulation results are presented for a 3. kW grid-connected inverter for a typical 560 V as a DC input voltage.
The study of blood transcriptome profiles in Holstein cows with miscarriage during peri-implantation

Objective In this study, the transcriptome profile of cow experiencing miscarriage during peri-implantation was investigated. Methods Total transcriptomes were checked by RNA sequencing, and the analyzed by bioinformatics methods, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed with hierarchical clustering and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Results The results suggested that serum progesterone levels were significantly decreased in cows that miscarried as compared to the pregnant cows at 18, 21, 33, 39, and 51 days after artificial insemination. The RNA sequencing results suggested that 32, 176, 5, 10, and 2 DEGs were identified in the pregnant cows and miscarried cows at 18, 21, 33, 39, and 51 d after artificial insemination. And 15, 101, 1, 2, and 2 DEGs were upregulated, and 17, 74, 4, and 8 DEGs were downregulated in the cows in the pregnant and miscarriage groups, respectively at 18, 21, 33, and 39, but no gene was downregulated at 51 d after artificial insemination. These DEGs were distributed to 13, 20, 3, 6, and 20 pathways, and some pathway essential for pregnancy, such as cell adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion This analysis has identified several genes and related pathways crucial for pregnancy and miscarriage in cows, as well as these genes supply molecular markers to predict the miscarriage in cows.
On the performance of rule-based contribution schemes under endowment heterogeneity

We experimentally test different rule-based contribution mechanisms in a repeated 4-player public goods game with endowment heterogeneity and compare them to a VCM, distinguishing between a random and an effort-based allocation of endowments. We find that endowment heterogeneities limit the efficiency gains from these rule-based contribution schemes under random allocation. Under effort-based allocations, substantial efficiency gains relative to a VCM occur. These are largely driven by significant reductions of contributions in VCM, while the rule-based mechanisms generate stable efficiency levels, even though falling short in realizing the maximal efficiency gains. Our results indicate that the procedure of endowment allocation impacts the perception of what constitutes a fair burden sharing.
Design and optimization of high frequency (250 kHz) planar transformer for micro solar converter application

With increasing demand of renewable energy, it is need of the hour to get highly efficient, low profile, light weight and high power density converters. High switching frequency in power converters results in high power density and reduction in magnetic components size. These benefits incorporate with additional losses and parasitics. Hence, conventional technology and magnetic components have been failed to meet the requirements of the future converters. Therefore, a technology is needed to provide a compact design solution with minimum losses. Recently planar technology emerged as a solution of this problem. In this paper an optimized design and modelling of a high frequency (kHz) planar power transformer for micro solar converters (200W) application has been presented. Power losses calculation, design optimization and modelling have been carried out through ANSYS 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation. Finite element analysis shows that energy efficiency of designed transformer is 97% for a power level of 200W at 250 kHz frequency.
Shifts in space and time: ecological transitions affect the evolution of resting metabolic rates in microteiid lizards

ABSTRACT Ecological diversification often encompasses exposure to new thermal regimes given by the use of specific spatial (microhabitat) and temporal (activity periods) niches. Empirical evidence provides links between temperature and physiology (e.g. rates of oxygen consumption), fostering predictions of evolutionary changes in metabolic rates coupled with ecological shifts. One example of such correspondence is the evolution of fossoriality and nocturnality in vertebrate ectotherms, where changes in metabolic rates coupled with niche transitions are expected. Because most studies address single transitions (fossoriality or nocturnality), metabolic changes associated with concomitant shifts in spatial and temporal components of habitat usage are underestimated, and it remains unclear which transition plays a major role for metabolic evolution. Integrating multiple ecological aspects that affect the evolution of thermosensitive traits is essential for a proper understanding of physiological correlates in niche transitions. Here, we provide the first phylogenetic multidimensional description of effects from ecological niche transitions both in space (origin of fossorial lineages) and in time (origin of nocturnal lineages) on the evolution of microteiid lizard (Gymnophthalmidae) metabolic rates. We found that evolution of resting metabolic rates was affected by both niche transitions, but with opposite trends. Evolution of fossoriality in endemic diurnal microteiids is coupled with a less thermally sensitive metabolism and higher metabolic rates. In contrast, a reduction in metabolic rates was detected in the endemic fossorial–nocturnal lineage, although metabolic thermal sensitivity remained as high as that observed in epigeal species, a pattern that likely reduces locomotion costs at lower temperatures and also favors thermoregulation in subsuperficial sand layers. Summary: Metabolism evolved associated with both spatial and temporal components of habitat usage in a radiation of lizards with remarkable ecological diversification.
NanoSIMS imaging of extracellular electron transport processes during microbial iron(III) reduction

ABSTRACT Microbial iron(III) reduction can have a profound effect on the fate of contaminants in natural and engineered environments. Different mechanisms of extracellular electron transport are used by Geobacter and Shewanella spp. to reduce insoluble Fe(III) minerals. Here we prepared a thin film of iron(III)-(oxyhydr)oxide doped with arsenic, and allowed the mineral coating to be colonised by Geobacter sulfurreducens or Shewanella ANA3 labelled with 13C from organic electron donors. This preserved the spatial relationship between metabolically active Fe(III)-reducing bacteria and the iron(III)-(oxyhydr)oxide that they were respiring. NanoSIMS imaging showed cells of G. sulfurreducens were co-located with the iron(III)-(oxyhydr)oxide surface and were significantly more 13C-enriched compared to cells located away from the mineral, consistent with Geobacter species requiring direct contact with an extracellular electron acceptor to support growth. There was no such intimate relationship between 13C-enriched S. ANA3 and the iron(III)-(oxyhydr)oxide surface, consistent with Shewanella species being able to reduce Fe(III) indirectly using a secreted endogenous mediator. Some differences were observed in the amount of As relative to Fe in the local environment of G. sulfurreducens compared to the bulk mineral, highlighting the usefulness of this type of analysis for probing interactions between microbial cells and Fe-trace metal distributions in biogeochemical experiments.
Effectiveness of a small-group vocabulary intervention programme: evidence from a regression discontinuity design.

BACKGROUND Children's vocabulary knowledge is closely related to other measures of language development and to literacy skills and educational attainment. AIM To use a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to evaluate the effectiveness of a small-group vocabulary intervention programme for children with poor vocabulary knowledge. METHODS & PROCEDURES The vocabulary knowledge of children (N = 199) aged 6-9 years was assessed in six classes. Based on scores at the initial assessment, children with low vocabulary scores for their age were assigned to an intervention group (43 children), with the remaining 156 children assigned to a control group. Children in the intervention group received two to three small-group weekly teaching sessions over a 10-week period. All children were retested post-intervention on the same measures of vocabulary knowledge. OUTCOMES & RESULTS The intervention group showed significant improvements in their knowledge of the meanings of the taught words at post-test (an additional 3.95 words learned [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70-5.20] compared with the control group; d = 1.20), but the effects did not generalize to untaught words. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS A small-group vocabulary intervention programme is effective for teaching word meanings to 6-9-year-old children with poor vocabulary skills. This study provides further evidence that the RDD is an effective method for evaluating educational interventions.
Simultaneous Delivery of Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (HWJMSCs) hold promise for myocardial regeneration, but optimal treatment regimen (preferably with a growth factor) is required to maximize functional benefits. The aim of this study was to explore the cardioprotective and angiogenesis effects of HWJMSCs combined with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The hydrogel consisted of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hyaluronic acid was prepared and characterized with regards to rheology, morphology, swelling, degradation, and release behaviors. To examine in-vivo effects, the hydrogels containing HWJMSCs either alone (Cells/hydrogel group) or with IGF-1 (Cells/hydrogel/IGF-1 group) were intra-myocardially injected into a rabbit myocardial infarction model. In-vivo efficacy was evaluated histological, immunohistochemical, echocardiography, scanning electron microscopy, and SPECT analyses. Eight weeks after infusion, the Cells/hydrogel and Cells/hydrogel/IGF-1 groups exhibited significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiography. Percent of ejection fraction was respectively 18.5% and 40% greater than control (P < 0.01). Vascular density (CD31 positive cells) of both treatment groups were more than the control group and this superiority was more remarkable in Cells/hydrogel/IGF-1 group. Cells/hydrogel/IGF-1 group showed the least defect size in SPECT analysis. Combinatory therapy with HWJMSCs and IGF-1 may additionally improve cardiac function and promote angiogenesis.
Force versus fury: Sex differences in the relationships among physical and psychological threat potential, the facial width‐to‐height ratio, and judgements of aggressiveness

Individuals with larger facial width-to-height ratios (FWHRs) are judged as more threatening, and engage in more threat-related behavior, than do individuals with smaller FWHRs. Here we identified components of threat potential that are related to the FWHR. In Study 1, the FWHR was correlated positively with physical threat potential (bicep size) in women and with both physical and psychological (anger proneness) threat potential in men. Behavioral aggression was measured in a subset of these participants using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (costly aggression) and a Money Allocation Task (non-costly aggression). Psychological (but not physical) threat potential predicted non-costly aggression and physical (but not psychological) threat potential predicted costly aggression. In Study 2, a separate set of participants judged the anger proneness, strength, or aggressiveness of male participants photographed in Study 1. Participants' judgements of all three characteristics were associated with the FWHR, and there were sex differences in how aggressiveness was conceptualized (for women, aggressiveness was associated with anger proneness, for men, aggressiveness was associated with strength). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the FWHR may be an adaptation to cue the threat potential of men.
The Protective Effect of Melissa officinalis L. in Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rat Using 2 Models of Acid-induced Colitis and Stress-induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Possible Role of Nitric Oxide Pathway

Background/Aims The aim of present study is to estimate the effects of Melissa officinalis L. (MO) on visceral hypersensitivity (VH), defecation pattern and biochemical factors in 2 experimental models of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the possible role of nitric oxide. Methods Two individual models of IBS were induced in male Wistar-albino rats. In the acetic acid model, the animals were exposed to rectal distension and abdominal withdrawal reflex, and the defecation patterns were determined. In the restraint stress model, the levels of TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant powers were determined in the (removed) colon. Rats had been treated with MO, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine (AG), MO + AG, or MO + L-NAME in the mentioned experimental models. Results Hypersensitive response to rectal distension and more stool defecation in control rats have been observed in comparison to shams. MO-300 significantly reduced VH and defecation frequency in comparison to controls. VH and defecation pattern did not show significant change in AG + MO and L-NAME + MO groups compared to controls. Also, significant reduction in TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and an increase in antioxidant power in MO-300 group was recorded compared to controls. AG + MO and L-NAME + MO groups showed a reverse pattern compared to MO-300 group. Conclusions MO can ameliorate IBS by modulating VH and defecation patterns. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties along with its effect on the nitrergic pathway seem to play important roles in its pharmacological activity.
Analysis of the Scalability of UWB Indoor Localization Solutions for High User Densities

Radio frequency (RF) technologies are often used to track assets in indoor environments. Among others, ultra-wideband (UWB) has constantly gained interest thanks to its capability to obtain typical errors of 30 cm or lower, making it more accurate than other wireless technologies such as WiFi, which normally can predict the location with several meters accuracy. However, mainly due to technical requirements that are part of the standard, conventional medium access strategies such as clear channel assessment, are not straightforward to implement. Since most scientific papers focus on UWB accuracy improvements of a single user, it is not clear to which extend this limitation and other design choices impact the scalability of UWB indoor positioning systems. We investigated the scalability of indoor localization solutions, to prove that UWB can be used when hundreds of tags are active in the same system. This paper provides mathematical models that calculate the theoretical supported user density for multiple localization approaches, namely Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) and Two-Way Ranging (TWR) with different MAC protocol combinations, i.e., ALOHA and TDMA. Moreover, this paper applies these formulas to a number of realistic UWB configurations to study the impact of different UWB schemes and settings. When applied to the 802.15. 4a compliant Decawave DW1000 chip, the scalability dramatically degrades if the system operates with uncoordinated protocols and two-way communication schemes. In the best case scenario, UWB DW1000 chips can actively support up to 6171 tags in a single domain cell (no handover) with well-selected settings and choices, i.e., when adopting the combination of TDoA (one-way link) and TDMA. As a consequence, UWB can be used to simultaneously localize thousands of nodes in a dense network. However, we also show that the number of supported devices varies greatly depending on the MAC and PHY configuration choices.
Interferometric measurements of displacement on a diffusing target by a speckle tracking technique

Operation of a laser interferometer with a noncooperative target surface, and on a substantial span of displacement (1 m), is reported for the first time to our knowledge. In the paper, we first analyze the errors of an interferometer operating in the speckle pattern regime, then propose the technique of tracking the speckle relative maximum amplitude as a solution for problems so far preventing interferometric measurements of large displacements. Examples of the speckle-statistics improvements are reported. Residual errors are of the order of few wavelengths on a 1-m displacement, indicating that a 10/sup -6/-class instrument can be developed. The proposed approach has been implemented with an injection interferometer.
An Accurate Multi-Biometric Personal Identification Model using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)

Biometrics is the detection and description of individuals’ physiological and behavioral ‎features. ‎Many different systems require reliable personal identification schemes to either prove or ‎find out ‎the identity of an individual demanding their services. Multi-biometrics are required inside the current ‎context of large worldwide biometric databases and to provide new developing security ‎demands. There are some distinctive and measurable features used to distinguish individuals known ‎as Biometric Identifiers. Multi-biometric systems tend to integrate multiple identifiers to increase ‎recognition accuracy. Face ‎and digital signature identifiers are still a challenge in many applications, especially in security systems. The fundamental objective of this paper is to integrate both identifiers in an accurate personal identification model. In this paper, a reliable multi-biometric model based on Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features of a face and digital signature and is able to identify individuals accurately is proposed. The methodology is to adopt many parameters such as weights of HOG features in merging process, the HOG parameters itself, and the distance method in matching process to gain higher accuracy. The proposed model achieves perfect results in personal identification using HOG features of digital signature and face together. The results show that the HOG ‎feature descriptor significantly performs target matching at an average of 100% accuracy ratio for ‎face recognition together with the digital signature. It outperforms existing feature sets with an accuracy of ‎‎84.25% for face only and 97.42% for digital signature only. ‎
On the numerical integration of interface elements

Eigenmode analyses of the element stiffness matrices have been used to assess the impact of the applied integration scheme on the stress predictions of two- and three-dimensional plane interface elements. It is demonstrated that large stress gradients over the element and coupling of the individual node-sets of the interface element may result in an oscillatory type of response. For line elements and linear plane interface elements the performance can be improved by using either a nodal lumping scheme or Newton-Cotes or Lobatto integration schemes instead of the more traditional Gauss scheme. For quadratic interface elements the same holds true except for a nodal lumping scheme.
Automatic 4D Facial Expression Recognition Using Dynamic Geometrical Image Network

In this paper, we propose a novel Dynamic Geometrical Image Network (DGIN) for automatic 4D Facial Expression Recognition (FER). Given a 3D video represented as a sequence of face scans, we first estimate their differential geometry quantities and generate geometrical images, including Depth Images (DPI), three Normal Component Images (NCI) and Shape Index Images (SII). These geometrical images are then fed into DGIN for end-to-end training and prediction. DGIN consists of a short-term temporal pooling layer for dynamic geometric image generation, several repetitions of convolution+ReLU+pooling layers for facial spatial feature extraction, and a long-term temporal pooling layer for dynamic feature map fusion, followed by fully connected layers and a joint loss layer. During the training phase, the two-stage longterm and short-term sliding window scheme is introduced for data augmentation and temporal pooling. Meanwhile, a joint loss integrating both the cross-entropy loss and the triplet loss is used to achieve more discriminative expression features. In the testing phase, only the short-term sliding window scheme is applied to the whole video sequence of certain geometric images, whose outputs further go through the deep net for expression similarity measurement. The final result is achieved by fusing the predicted expression scores of different types of geometrical images. Experimental results reported on the BU- 4DFE database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Factor analysis on call detail record

We analyze the call detail record (CDR) data generated by mobile communication users. According to the traffic distributions produced by base stations, we take use of factor analysis method to elaborate the spatiotemporal characteristics. In this paper, we select eight base stations for subsequence study. Firstly, Pearson correlation coefficient and KMO indicator are used to decide whether the data is suitable for factor analysis. Secondly, we use principal component analysis (PCA) method to extract factors and only maintain three factors according to the eigenvalue of correlation matrix. Finally, combining the rotated factor loadings and factor scores, the three factors that we extracted can well explain the characters of business quarter, residential area and information technology (IT) zone in deferent time periods.
MRI - CT - histology comparison of bone healing in rabbit calvarial critical sized defects using bioactive glass scaffolds with adipose derived stem cells and VEGF or adipose tissue extract

Poster: "ECR 2013 / C-2374 / MRI - CT - histology comparison of bone healing in rabbit calvarial critical sized defects using bioactive glass scaffolds with adipose derived stem cells and VEGF or adipose tissue extract" by: "R. M. Korpi1, O. -P. Lappalainen1, J. T. Korpi2, R. Serpi1, E. Lammentausta1, P. Lehenkari1, S. Miettinen3, G. K. B. Sandor 4, R. B. Sequieros1; 1Oulu/FI, 2Helsinki/FI, 3Tampere/FI, 4Oulu /FI"