Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fair Regression: Quantitative Definitions and Reduction-based Algorithms

In this paper, we study the prediction of a real-valued target, such as a risk score or recidivism rate, while guaranteeing a quantitative notion of fairness with respect to a protected attribute such as gender or race. We call this class of problems \emph{fair regression}. We propose general schemes for fair regression under two notions of fairness: (1) statistical parity, which asks that the prediction be statistically independent of the protected attribute, and (2) bounded group loss, which asks that the prediction error restricted to any protected group remain below some pre-determined level. While we only study these two notions of fairness, our schemes are applicable to arbitrary Lipschitz-continuous losses, and so they encompass least-squares regression, logistic regression, quantile regression, and many other tasks. Our schemes only require access to standard risk minimization algorithms (such as standard classification or least-squares regression) while providing theoretical guarantees on the optimality and fairness of the obtained solutions. In addition to analyzing theoretical properties of our schemes, we empirically demonstrate their ability to uncover fairness--accuracy frontiers on several standard datasets.
Interior-Point Methods Strike Back: Solving the Wasserstein Barycenter Problem

Computing the Wasserstein barycenter of a set of probability measures under the optimal transport metric can quickly become prohibitive for traditional second-order algorithms, such as interior-point methods, as the support size of the measures increases. In this paper, we overcome the difficulty by developing a new adapted interior-point method that fully exploits the problem's special matrix structure to reduce the iteration complexity and speed up the Newton procedure. Different from regularization approaches, our method achieves a well-balanced tradeoff between accuracy and speed. A numerical comparison on various distributions with existing algorithms exhibits the computational advantages of our approach. Moreover, we demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm on image benchmark problems including MNIST and Fashion-MNIST.
COX-2 Inhibitors, Aspirin, and Other Potential Anti-Inflammatory Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders

Inflammatory processes associated with persistent (chronic) infection have long been discussed as etiological factors in psychiatric disorders. Studies have found that people with major depression have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, for example, IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein. In schizophrenia, many reports have described raised levels of cytokines, for example, IL-6; and meta-analyses have confirmed these findings. Microglia cells are important in inflammatory processes, and positron emission tomography studies have shown microglia activation in both depression and schizophrenia.As a consequence of the above findings, immunomodulation is widely discussed as a potential treatment approach in both major depression and schizophrenia. The COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib was found to have a significant positive effect on major depression, not only in single studies but also in meta-analyses. Celecoxib has also been studied in schizophrenia and has shown efficacy, in particular, in early disease stages. The mixed COX inhibitor aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) seems to have both protective and therapeutic effects on schizophrenia.This paper discusses the hypothesized role of inflammation in major depression and schizophrenia, including markers of inflammation; pertinent studies on celecoxib and aspirin; and additional immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies.
Simultaneous induction of SSMVEP and SMR Using a Gaiting video stimulus: a novel hybrid brain-computer interface

We proposed a novel visual stimulus for brain-computer interface. The stimulus is in the form gaiting sequence of a human. The hypothesis is that observing such a visual stimulus would simultaneously induce 1) steady-state motion visual evoked potential (SSMVEP) in the occipital area, similarly to an SSVEP stimulus; and 2) sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) in the primary sensorimotor area, because such action observation (AO) could activate the mirror neuron system. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to detect SSMVEP from occipital EEG, and event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP) were used to identify SMR in the EEG from the sensorimotor area. The results showed that the proposed visual gaiting stimulus-induced SSMVEP, with classification accuracies of 88.9 $\pm$ 12.0% in a four-class scenario. More importantly, it induced clear and sustained event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) in the EEG from the sensorimotor area, while no ERD/ERS in the sensorimotor area could be observed when the other two SSVEP stimuli were used. Further, for participants with sufficiently clear SSMVEP pattern (classification accuracy > 85%), the ERD index values in mu-beta band induced by the proposed gaiting stimulus were statistically different from that of the other two types of stimulus. Therefore, a novel BCI based on the proposed stimulus has potential in neurorehabilitation applications because it simultaneously has the high accuracy of an SSMVEP (~90% accuracy in a four-class setup) and the ability to activate sensorimotor cortex. And such potential will be further explored in future studies.
Optimizing Selection of the Reference Population for Genotype Imputation From Array to Sequence Variants

Imputation of high-density genotypes to whole-genome sequences (WGS) is a cost-effective method to increase the density of available markers within a population. Imputed genotypes have been successfully used for genomic selection and discovery of variants associated with traits of interest for the population. To allow for the use of imputed genotypes for genomic analyses, accuracy of imputation must be high. Accuracy of imputation is influenced by multiple factors, such as size and composition of the reference group, and the allele frequency of variants included. Understanding the use of imputed WGSs prior to the generation of the reference population is important, as accurate imputation might be more focused, for instance, on common or on rare variants. The aim of this study was to present and evaluate new methods to select animals for sequencing relying on a previously genotyped population. The Genetic Diversity Index method optimizes the number of unique haplotypes in the future reference population, while the Highly Segregating Haplotype selection method targets haplotype alleles found throughout the majority of the population of interest. First the WGSs of a dairy cattle population were simulated. The simulated sequences mimicked the linkage disequilibrium level and the variants’ frequency distribution observed in currently available Holstein sequences. Then, reference populations of different sizes, in which animals were selected using both novel methods proposed here as well as two other methods presented in previous studies, were created. Finally, accuracies of imputation obtained with different reference populations were compared against each other. The novel methods were found to have overall accuracies of imputation of more than 0.85. Accuracies of imputation of rare variants reached values above 0.50. In conclusion, if imputed sequences are to be used for discovery of novel associations between variants and traits of interest in the population, animals carrying novel information should be selected and, consequently, the Genetic Diversity Index method proposed here may be used. If sequences are to be used to impute the overall genotyped population, a reference population consisting of common haplotypes carriers selected using the proposed Highly Segregating Haplotype method is recommended.
Multi-Objective Generalized Linear Bandits

In this paper, we study the multi-objective bandits (MOB) problem, where a learner repeatedly selects one arm to play and then receives a reward vector consisting of multiple objectives. MOB has found many real-world applications as varied as online recommendation and network routing. On the other hand, these applications typically contain contextual information that can guide the learning process which, however, is ignored by most of existing work. To utilize this information, we associate each arm with a context vector and assume the reward follows the generalized linear model (GLM). We adopt the notion of Pareto regret to evaluate the learner's performance and develop a novel algorithm for minimizing it. The essential idea is to apply a variant of the online Newton step to estimate model parameters, based on which we utilize the upper confidence bound (UCB) policy to construct an approximation of the Pareto front, and then uniformly at random choose one arm from the approximate Pareto front. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithm achieves an \tilde O(d\sqrt{T}) Pareto regret, where T is the time horizon and d is the dimension of contexts, which matches the optimal result for single objective contextual bandits problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Performance Analysis of a Low Cost Cluster with Parallel Applications and ARM Processors

This paper presents the results obtained during the simulations which measured the performance of a low-cost cluster with ARM processors. For the simulations, we consider the impact caused by parallel applications responsible for big chunks of calculations (HPL benchmark, matrix multiplication and scalar product). Thus, after the simulations, we could observe that the cluster performance increased considerably when compared to sequential solutions, and this good speedup is better when the measured amount of processed data also increased. For matrix multiplication, the gain came to 66% when compared to the sequential solution.
The contribution of anthropometric characteristics to performance scores in elite female gymnasts.

BACKGROUND Aims of this study were: a) to identify anthropometric variables correlated with gymnastic performance, and b) to predict performance scores from a combination of anthropometric dimensions. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN correlational analysis and a stepwise multiple regression were used. SETTING Subjects were participants at the 24th World Championships Artistic Gymnastics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in 1987. PARTICIPANTS A total of 168 female gymnasts (mean age: 16.5 +/- 1.8 years) were investigated. Each gymnast participated in all events. MEASURES An extensive battery of anthropometric dimensions was taken on each athlete. The somatotype was estimated. Skeletal maturation of the hand-wrist was assessed. Competition scores for the four individual gymnastic events (balance beam, floor exercise, vault, uneven bars) and a composite score for each gymnast were the dependent variables. RESULTS Moderately high, significant correlations (p < 0.01) were observed between skinfolds and endomorphy, and gymnastics performance scores, r varying from -0.38 to -0.60, for biceps skinfold and the score on balance beam, and for endomorphy and the total score, respectively. The correlations suggest that gymnasts with more subcutaneous fat and higher endomorphy have lower performance scores. About 32% to 45% of the variance in gymnastic performance scores could be explained by anthropometric dimensions and/or derived variables, but endomorphy and chronological age are the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS There is a relatively strong relationship between several anthropometric variables and gymnastic performance in a sample of elite female gymnasts, but the associations are not sufficiently high to predict performance scores on an individual basis.
Modeling Aggregate Behavior and Fluctuations in Economics Stochastic Views of Interacting Agents

This book has two components: stochastic dynamics and stochastic random combinatorial analysis. The first discusses evolving patterns of interactions of a large but finite number of agents of several types. Changes of agent types or their choices or decisions over time are formulated as jump Markov processes with suitably specified transition rates: Optimizations by agents make these rates generally endogenous. Probabilistic equilibrium selection rules are also discussed, together with the distributions of relative sizes of the basin of attraction. As the number of agents approaches infinity, we recover deterministic macroeconomic relations of more conventional economic models. The second component analyzes how agents form clusters of various sizes. This has applications for discussing sizes or shares of markets by several types of agents, which involves some combinatorial analysis patterned after the population genetics literature. These are shown to be relevant to distributions of returns to assets, volatility of returns, and power laws.
Hipertextos multimodais : o percurso de apropriação de uma modalidade com fins pedagogicos

Este trabalho apresenta uma analise de tres versoes de material didatico elaboradas para o Curso de Formacao de Professores para Educacao a Distância da Uniso- Universidade de Sorocaba, Estado de Sao Paulo. Cada versao do material procurou incorporar as conviccoes deste pesquisador quanto as possibilidades de utilizacao do hipertexto para fins pedagogicos, levando em conta as circunstâncias institucionais que contextualizam a formacao de professores para EaD. Elas tambem refletem o percurso de apropriacao de novas modalidades discursivas deste pesquisador, que parte de uma primeira versao, produzida ha tres anos e meio, e que propoe a exploracao de algumas caracteristicas fundamentais do hipertexto, a saber: dialogismo, polifonia e intertextualidade. A aplicacao do material junto aos alunos – professores da instituicao inscritos no curso de formacao para EaD – trouxe algumas reflexoes que serviram de base para a producao de uma segunda proposta, esta mais bem elaborada, que explora as possibilidades pedagogicas do hipertexto e incorpora tambem a nocao de co-autoria, atraves da possibilidade de insercao de textos pelos alunos, por meio de links. Os resultados deste segundo modelo, aliados as questoes contextuais da oferta do curso de formacao, e a disponibilidade tecnologica para a producao do material, inspiraram a terceira versao, que utiliza melhor o conceito de hipertexto e acrescenta a escrita multimodal e a producao multimidia. Esta versao possibilita a oferta do conteudo nao mais on-line, como as anteriores, mas atraves de CD-ROM distribuido aos participantes do curso. Os dados coletados atraves de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os professores matriculados no curso permitiram confirmar alguns principios apoiados pelas teorias, propor novas explicacoes, e identificar problemas a serem resolvidos em pesquisas futuras. A partir das experiencias dos professores quanto ao uso da ultima versao do material foi possivel extrair tambem algumas orientacoes que podem nortear a producao de material didatico hipertextual multimodal. Uma das conclusoes a que se chegou foi que a pesquisa e producao de materiais didaticos multimidia devem aliar-se projetos que auxiliem os alunos nao apenas a ler hipertextos, mas tambem a desenvolver estrategias de estudo envolvendo hipertextos multimodais. Abstract
Sejarah Perdagangaan Perempuan Di Kota Manado Tahun 1998 – 2012

Abstrak Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode sejarah, dengan langkah-langkah : Heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, historiografi. Data diperoleh melalui membaca literatur yang relevan dengan perumusan masalah yang telah ditetapkan, kemudian dilakukan penulisan sesuai dengan permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan dan tujuan yang akan dicapai. Dari hasil penggunan metode sejarah tersebut, maka diperoleh hasil penelitian perdagangan perempuan di Kota Manado adalah sebagai berikut : (1) faktor yang paling utama timbulnya perdagangan perempuan di Kota Manado yaitu adalah faktor kemiskinan, seorang wanita yang terlahir dari keluarga yang tidak mampu menggunakan segala cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan cara mudah mendapatkan uang. (2). Dalam setiap tahun perkembangan kasus perdagangan perempuan di Kota Manado, sering mengalami pergerakan yang sangat jelah. Seperti pada tahun 2008 jumlah korban perdagangan perempuan sebnayak 24 orang dan tersangkanya jauh lebih tinggi yaitu sebanyak 30 orang.
Skepticism and Memory

HE WHO is skeptical about the trustworthiness of ostensible memory may contend that we cannot justify our reliance upon even one memory belief without appealing to another memory belief in the process of justification.2 The skeptic's position may be construed as a challenge: "I challenge you to cite a single memory belief which does not itself need to be grounded by ostensible memory. " R. F. Holland accepts the challenge. He points out that
Teaching Empathy to Medical Students: An Updated, Systematic Review

Purpose Some research shows that empathy declines during medical school. The authors conducted an updated, systematic review of the literature on empathy-enhancing educational interventions in undergraduate medical education. Method The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 1, 2004 through March 19, 2012) using key words related to undergraduate medical education and empathy. They independently selected and reviewed all English-language articles that described an educational intervention designed to promote empathy in medical students, assessing the quality of the quantitative studies using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Results The authors identified and reviewed the full texts of 18 articles (15 quantitative and 3 qualitative studies). Included interventions used one or more of the following—patient narrative and creative arts (n = 7), writing (n = 3), drama (n=1), communication skills training (n = 4), problem-based learning (n = 1), interprofessional skills training (n = 1), patient interviews (n = 4), experiential learning (n = 2), and empathy-focused training (n = 1). Fifteen articles reported significant increases in empathy. Mean effect size was 0.23. Mean MERSQI scorewas 10.13 (range 6.5–14). Conclusions These findings suggest that educational interventions can be effective in maintaining and enhancing empathy in undergraduate medical students. In addition, they highlight the need for multicenter, randomized controlled trials, reporting long-term data to evaluate the longevity of intervention effects. Defining empathy remains problematic, and the authors call for conceptual clarity to aid future research.
A Call to Standardize Measures for Judging the Efficacy of Interventions to Aid Patients' Decision Making

and excess mortality rates are relatively low. Even in these situations, though, the relative force of competing causes of mortality can be determined using the technique. Although one might wonder whether a two-part DEALE would have helped to improve accuracy or diminish biases, such maneuvers would raise another question: "At what point in time should one separate the two parts? " The message here is that more complex models are often more accurate, or at least appear to be. The tradeoff between simplicity and accuracy is common in decision modeling. Here, the clinician must ask: when is the simple approximation good enough, and when does DEALE-ing stack the deck?
Contribution à l'étude de la lingula mandibulae sur un panel de 195 grands singes

La lingula mandibulae est un caractere anatomique relativement peu etudie en anthropologie, particulierement chez les grands singes. Elle constitue pourtant un materiel osseux interessant dans ce domaine. En effet, certains traits morphologiques qui lui sont associes peuvent permettre de distinguer differents taxons entre eux. C'est d'ailleurs pour cette raison qu'il est important de pouvoir les coter de facon a definir les differents morphotypes. Notre base de donnees comprend deux groupes de grands singes, Pan et Gorilla (chimpanzes et gorilles). En effet, les grands singes actuels constituent un materiel comparatif non denue d'interet d'un point de vue phylogenique. Notre etude utilise deux classifications differentes pour definir les morphes de la lingula mandibulae : la premiere a ete realisee en 2000 et l'autre (realisee sur le modele de la premiere en y apportant des modifications) en 2007. A l'aide de tests statistiques, nous avons compare notre base de donnees a celles de la litterature etudiant les grands singes mais aussi les Homo sapiens sapiens. Il apparait que la lingula mandibulae possede des differences morphologiques reelles d'un taxon a l'autre, au sein meme des grands singes et de facon plus large entre ceux-ci et les Homo sapiens sapiens ou les neanderthaliens. L'interet de la classification des morphes lingulaires en 6 modalites est confirmee par notre etude.
Novel dual layer floating gate structure as enabler of fully planar flash memory

Flash pitch scaling will lead to cells for which the wordline no longer fits between the floating gates, which results in loss of sidewall coupling, causing unacceptable program saturation due to IPD leakage. We present a dual layer poly/metal floating gate (FG) memory device avoiding this saturation and demonstrate +4V programming above the fresh level in a fully planar cell without sidewall coupling using an Al2O3 IPD. The data retention at 200C and cycling performance up to 100k cycles are similar to cells with poly FG.
Indirect comparison for Anti-TNF drugs in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVE To compare the relative efficacy of infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab through adjusted indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs). METHODS An exhaustive search was performed until October 2013. Databases consulted were MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and the Web of Science. Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of infliximab, adalimumab or golimumab versus placebo, in terms of clinical remission, clinical response and mucosal healing, were included. In the case that more than one RCT fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the same drug, a metanalysis was undertaken using a fixed effects model. ITCs were carried out using the method proposed by Bucher et al. RESULTS 6 RCTs published in 5 papers were included: 2 for infliximab (ACT 1 and ACT 2), 2 for adalimumab (ULTRA 1 y ULTRA 2) and 2 for golimumab (PURSUIT-SC y PURSUIT-M). In these RTCs, each biological agent was superior in efficacy to placebo. The results of the adjusted ITC are the following. In relation to the clinical remission, in the induction and maintenance period, there are no statistically significant differences between the three anti-TNF drugs. In relation to the clinical response and mucosal healing, in the induction period, there are statistically significant differences between infliximab and adalimumab. CONCLUSION In view of the results obtained, infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab appear to be similarly effective therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, other considerations such as safety, tolerance and cost-effectiveness should be taken into account in order to select the most appropriate treatment.