Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation of loganin content in Cornus officinalis fruits at different extraction conditions and maturation stages

Efficient preparation of loganin from Cornus officinalis fruits was investigated. First, effect of extraction conditions on loganin yield was measured. The loganin content in C. officinalis extract was greatly affected by ethanol concentration and extraction time whereas extraction temperature exerted relatively little effect. Response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design suggested optimized extraction condition for maximum loganin yield as ethanol concentration, 32.0%; temperature 46.2 °C and extraction time, 46.7 min, which yielded 10.4 μg loganin/mg dried fruit. Next, the effect of maturation stage of C. officinalis fruits on loganin content was investigated. The loganin content in the extract of C. officinalis fruits was decreased as the maturation process. The loganin content in the unripe fruits was 18.0 μg/mg extract whereas reduced to 13.3 μg/mg extract for ripe fruits. Taken together, our present study suggested the importance of extraction condition and maturation stages for efficient preparation of loganin from C. officinalis fruits. Graphical abstract Importance of extraction condition and maturation stages for efficient preparation of loganin from Cornus officinalis fruits.
Changes in Stroop-Test responses as a function of mental age.

One hundred and sixty-five retarded children from six consecutive mental age levels were compared on their responses to the Stroop Test. The retardates showed significant increments in word-reading and colour-naming speeds and experienced increased interference with increasing mental age. As contrasted to normals of equivalent mental age, they were slower in changing from a predominantly direct to a verbal mode as evidenced by colour-naming speed and interference.
Folate Status and Pregnancy Outcome

With special respect to the actual discussion on folate in the prevention of severe congenital malformation,' we investigated the folate status in some one hundred pregnant women in a longitudinal study by measuring folate in serum and erythrocytes by radioassay. From the whole group only 116 women fulfilled the criteria for the healthy reference group (normal pregnancy and pregnancy outcome). Thirty-seven women of the whole group investigated had an abortion within the first trimenon; in ten cases of the abortion group, the etiology for abortion was known (e.g. chromosomal aberration). In 27 women the etiology of abortion was unknown. Comparing the reference group and the different abortion groups, the serum folate concentrations of the abortion groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the controls (FIG. 1). In 18.9% of patients in the abortion group, serum folate levels were <5 ng/mL, indicating folate deficiency, whereas only in 6.3% of the controls could low serum values be measured. Cobalamin, iron, and zinc status as well as the lobe average of the polymorphonuclear granulocytes were also analyzed, but statistically significant differences between reference and abortion groups could not be detected (TABLE I ) , indicating that folate deficiency itself might be one of the (predominant ? ) factors in the etiology of abortion. In a follow-up study we tried to confirm this relationship and investigated the folate status in 46 women with habitual abortion (more than three abortions with unknown etiology). It could be demonstrated that women with habitual abortion showed highly significant (p < 0.001) reduced folate levels (7.39 ng/mL) compared with the controls (FIG. 1). In 30.4% of patients in the habitual abortion group, serum folate levels were <5 ng/mL, indicating folate deficiency, whereas only in 6.3% of the controls could low serum values be measured. Similar results were found by Martin et al.,' and Streiff and Little.3 Obviously folate intake during pregnancy is not adequate in some segments of the population even in industrialized countries.
Antimalarial activity of a novel series of artemisinin-derived 1, 2, 3-triazole dimers

Objective: To obtain suitable artimisinin-based drug candidates with high antimalarial activity. Methods: Three different reaction schemes were used to synthesize a total of 15 artemisinin-based compounds. The first synthetic scheme involved the synthesis of diazido aliphatic and aromatic compounds from commercially available dihalides and azido derivatives of artemisinin. The second scheme consisted of the reaction of dibromoaliphatic compounds with sodium azide in dimethylformamide which yielded the desired compounds. Artemisinin-based compounds on treatment with sodium azide and bromotrimethylsilane in dichloromethane produced the most potent compound GB-2. Another potent compound GB-1 was synthesized from artemisinin by treatment with alcohols in the presence of Aberlyst-15 in anhydrous dichloromethane. The third scheme involved the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the synthesized aliphatic and aromatic diazides and two alkyne derivatives of artemisinin to obtain the desired artemisinin dimers with average yields. Results: The best in vitro antiplasmodial activity was shown by the compound GB-2 registering IC50 value 0.066 μg/mL against chloroquine-sensitive and 0.865 μg/mL against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It suppressed 59.0% parasitaemia in vivo of rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino model at 50 μg/kg body weight dosage. Molecular docking interactions of Plasmodium falciparum ATP6 (PfATP6) protein revealed strong bonding of GB-2 with Thr255 residue which is likely to be the reason for excellent antimalarial activity of this compound. Conclusion: Two compounds GB-1 and GB-2 exhibited excellent in vitro antiplasmodial activity and fair in vivo antimalarial activity. Of the two, GB-2 showed better activity which could be attributed to its strong bonding interactions with Thr255 as evidenced from the molecular docking study. Study helped in identifying artemisinin analogues possessing good antimalarial properties and further research in structural alterations of the selected molecules should be carried out which may result in obtaining potent drug candidates against the malarial parasite.
Mobile terminal antennas implemented using optimized direct feed

A novel antenna structure based on optimized direct feed is presented in this paper. The antenna structure consists of the chassis of a mobile terminal, a feed structure and a matching circuitry. The chassis is cut in two pieces, which are connected with an inductor. The value of the inductor is tuned so that the lowest resonant frequency of the chassis equals the center frequency of the operating band. The feed structure excites very strongly the resonant wavemode of the chassis and thus very large bandwidth is available. The feed structure can be integrated e.g. on the PCB of a mobile terminal and thus the antenna is very low-profile. The antenna structure has been demonstrated with a simulated and measured prototype that covers the GSM850/900 systems.
Diabetogenic T Cells from Transgenic Decarboxylase 65 Sequence, that Stimulate Peptide Ligands, Including a Glutamic Acid Identification of MHC Class II-Restricted

Tucker, Nora Sarvetnick and Darcy B. WilsonValeria Judkowski, Clemencia Pinilla, Kim Schroder, Leehttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/166/2/908J Immunol€2001; 166:908-917; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/166/2/908.full#ref-list-1This article cites 47 articles, 24 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Carry-Over Effect of Processing Style: From Imagination Task to Recognition Task

Accurately recognizing others’ faces is very important for living successfully in the society. However, we often fail to recognize them. What causes such a problem? Numerous psychological studies reported that the performance of facial recognition was influenced by prior mental activities, so-called carry-over effect. It is considered that mental activities have two types of processing style, global processing and local processing. Global processing refers to attend the general meaning of an event. Local processing refers to attend to elements themselves. Recent studies showed that prior mental activities requiring local processing interfered with face recognition. However, it is still controversial whether or not this interference on recognition occurs only in face recognition. Here, in order to investigate if face is special for recognition, we conducted the experiments in which participants were required a prior mental activity and a following recognition task. As the prior mental activity, we used an imagination task in which participants were asked to imagine a faraway place (global processing) or a nearby place (local processing). The face and the scene picture recognition tasks were used as recognition tasks. Our results showed that the accuracy of face recognition after imagining the nearby place was worse than that after imagining the faraway place. Additionally, the same pattern was observed for scene picture recognition. The results suggest that local processing at the imagination task was carried over into not only face recognition but also scene recognition, and that local processing harmed these recognition tasks.
Concurrent test case generation from UML activity diagram based on dynamic programming

Concurrency is a challenging and difficult task for software testing. Many researchers try to solve this problem and propose a solution, i.e. control flow graph, breadth first search (BFS), combined activity diagram and I/O explicit activity diagram. This paper proposes the method to generate concurrent test cases from UML activity diagrams. This method first builds a concurrent activity diagram from an ordinary UML activity diagram. It then transforms a UML activity diagram to an activity graph. Using dynamic programming techniques to find the number of total paths and of total condition paths in concurrent test cases. Test coverage measures the amount of tests performed by a set of tests which can also assure the quality of tests.
A nanosecond impulse X-band radar

A description is given of a high spatial resolution (< 10 cm) X-band nanosecond impulse radar incorporating a transmitter noise suppression technique. The performance of the radar as s thickness sensor for thin layers of floating fresh-water ice is described. The basic system is suitable for other microwave carrier frequency time-domain reflectometry applications requiring high spatial resolution.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome associated with thoracic meningocele.

Introduction Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multiple anomaly syndrome characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, delay in growth and development, and structural malformations that mainly involve the upper extremities, gastrointestinal, cardiac, renal, and genitourinary systems. Behavioral problems are also a feature of this condition (Kline et al., 2007). The reported incidence of CdLS ranges from 1 : 10 000 to 1 : 50 000 in different population groups (Beck and Fenger, 1985; Krantz et al., 2004). Most cases are sporadic, but dominant and recessive inheritance have been reported (Ptacek et al., 1963; Opitz, 1985). The recurrence risk of CdLS is between 2 and 5%. Mutations in the NIPBL, SMC1A, and SMC3 genes are responsible for CdLS in a proportion of the patients (Krantz et al., 2004). Although miscellaneous central nervous system abnormalities have been reported in CdLS, the condition has not previously been reported in association with neural tube defects (NTDs). NTDs are caused by the incomplete development of the brain and spinal cord and their protective coverings. They are among the most common congenital malformation and open NTDs occur in one to two per 1000 births (Botto et al., 1999). In this case report, a premature infant who has CdLS associated with a rare thoracic meningocele was presented.
The Role of Phonology and Phonologically Related Skills in Reading Instruction for Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

The article challenges educators to rethink reading instruction practices for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The authors begin with a discussion of the role of phonology in reading, then summarize the evidence of phonological coding among skilled deaf readers and investigate alternative routes for acquiring phonologically related skills such as the use of speechreading, articulatory feedback, Visual Phonics, and Cued Speech. Finally, they present recent intervention studies and proposed procedures to employ phonics-based instruction with students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The authors conclude with the assertion that the teaching of phonologically related skills by means of instructional tools such as Visual Phonics and Cued Speech can and should be incorporated into reading instruction for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The authors recommend additional research in this important area.
Retinoids and apoptosis: implications for cancer chemoprevention and therapy.

Lung cancer in the United States leads other cancers in both incidence and mortality (1). The severe morbidity of lung cancer and the discouraging 15% overall 5-year survival rate have not improved despite advancements in treatment modalities. Furthermore, the incidence of lung cancer among women is increasing. Therefore, novel approaches to control this dreadful disease are urgently needed. Biological agents such as differentiati oninducing agents are being evaluated in clinical trials for their potential use for therapy and prevention of a variety of malignancies, including lung cancer (2,5). Among these novel agents are vitamin A analogues (retinoids) that modulate the growth and differentiation of a variety of normal and malignant celjs in vitro and in vivo (4). All-fra/w-retinoic acid (ATRA) was found to be effective in the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia by inducing granulocytic differentiation of the leukemia cells in vivo (5). 13-c/s-Retinoic acid (13CRA) has demonstrated efficacy in suppressing premalignant oral lesions and in preventing the development of second primary cancers in the upper aerodigestive tract in patients with head and neck cancer (6). Likewise, retinyl palmitate was found
UPLIFT Designing for Flow in Action Games

4 1. A BRIEF HISTORY OF 'FLOW' 5 CSIKSZENTMIHALYI'S CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW 5 FLOW AND MODERN RESEARCH 8 FLOW AND DIGITAL GAMES 9 CRITICISMS OF CSIKSZENTMIHALYI 9 2. 'ZONE'/'FLOW' IN EARLY DIGITAL GAMES 11 PAC-MAN 12 SPACE INVADERS 15 ROBOTRON 2084 17 DEFENDER 19 GRADIUS 22 TETRIS 26 3. MORE RECENT EXAMPLES 28 VIRTUA FIGHTER 4 29 PARSEC47 32 IKARUGA 35 HALF-LIFE: COUNTER-STRIKE 38 MARS MATRIX 40 REZ 43 FREQUENCY 45 4. SUMMARY OF PRIOR WORK 47 5. FACTORS AND INFLUENCES 49 THE ROLE OF THE SUBCONSCIOUS IN FLOW 49 THE VISCERAL SUBCONSCIOUS 50 PERIPHERAL VISION AND FLOW 51 TASK AND REPRESENTATION SUITABILITY 52 TRANSFORMATION OF TIME VS. EXTENDED TIME 53 NON-REALTIME GAMES 54 6. THE DESIGN OF UPLIFT 56 GAME OVERVIEW 56 STAGES AND GAME PROGRESSION 57 ENEMY GENERATION, CUSTOMIZATION AND MECHANICS 59 USE OF BIOFEEDBACK 61 REPRESENTATIONAL PRACTICE AND GAME SCHEMES 62 7. EVALUATION, FEEDBACK, THOUGHTS 64 EVALUATION 64 ISSUES 66 8. WHAT COMES NEXT? 69 APPENDIX A: THE MODERN 2D SHOOTING GAME 73 APPENDIX B: GAME SCHEMES 77
MicroRNAs: Modulators of the Ras Oncogenes in Oral Cancer

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the head and neck is one of the six most common cancers in the world. OSCC remains the most common cause of cancer deaths in Asian countries. Conventional treatments for OSCC have not improved the overall 5 years survival and therefore alternative therapeutic targets are often sought. Ras is one of the most frequently deregulated oncogenes in oral cancer. Direct targeting the ras has proven unrealistic and hence, exploring and understanding alternative pathways and/or molecules which regulate ras and its signaling that could pave the way for novel molecular targets and therapy for oral cancer. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate ras oncogenes in human cancers. In this article, we address the microRNA‐mediated regulation of the ras oncogenes in oral cancer. We describe extensively the tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles of miRNAs in regulation of ras oncogenes in OSCC. We also discuss the role of miRNA‐mediated ras regulation in therapeutic determination of oral cancer. Complete understanding of the miRNA regulation of ras oncogenes in oral cancer may facilitate to plan better strategies for diagnosis, molecular therapeutic targeting and the overall prognosis of this common and deadly cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1424–1431, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo by interferon-gamma.

To determine the role of IFN-gamma in the activation of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages, crude macrophage-activating lymphokines were incubated with a monoclonal anti-murine IFN-gamma antibody. This treatment abolished the capacity of mitogen-induced lymphokines to enhance either H2O2 release or activity against the intracellular protozoa Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania donovani. All macrophage-activating factor detected by these assays was also removed by passing the lymphokines over a Sepharose column to which the monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibody had been coupled. Therefore, pure murine rIFN-gamma was tested both in vitro and in vivo as a single activating agent. After 48 hr of pretreatment in vitro with 0.01 to 1 antiviral U/ml, macrophage H2O2-releasing capacity was enhanced an average of 6.4-fold; half-maximal stimulation was induced by 0.03 U/ml. Resident macrophages infected with T. gondii half-maximally inhibited parasite replication after 24 hr of preincubation with 0.14 U/ml of rIFN-gamma, and near complete inhibition was achieved by pretreatment with 100 U/ml. Half-maximal leishmanicidal activity was induced by 0.08 U/ml of rIFN-gamma, and 67 to 75% of intracellular L. donovani amastigotes were killed after macrophages were preincubated with 10 to 100 U/ml. Eighteen hours after parenteral injection of rIFN-gamma, peritoneal macrophages displayed a dose-dependent enhancement of H2O2-releasing capacity and antiprotozoal activity. Half-maximal enhancement required 85 to 250 U or rIFN-gamma given i.p. Peritoneal macrophages were also activated by rIFN-gamma injected i.v. and intramuscularly. These results suggest that, in the mouse model, IFN-gamma is likely to be a primary factor within mitogen-induced lymphokines responsible for activating macrophage oxidative metabolism and antiprotozoal activity, and indicate that rIFN-gamma is a potent activator of these effector functions both in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a rationale for evaluating rIFN-gamma in the treatment of systemic intracellular infections, and indicate that murine models are appropriate for such studies.
Degradation of phytate in the gut of pigs ‐ pathway of gastrointestinal inositol phosphate hydrolysis and enzymes involved

The present study gives an overview on the whole mechanism of phytate degradation in the gut and the enzymes involved. Based on the similarity of the human and pigs gut, the study was carried out in pigs as model for humans. To differentiate between intrinsic feed phytases and endogenous phytases hydrolysing phytate in the gut, two diets, one high (control diet) and the other one very low in intrinsic feed phytases (phytase inactivated diet) were applied. In the chyme of stomach, small intestine and colon inositol phosphate isomers and activities of phytases and alkaline phosphatases were determined. In parallel total tract phytate degradation and apparent phosphorus digestibility were assessed. In the stomach chyme of pigs fed the control diet, comparable high phytase activity and strong phytate degradation were observed. The predominant phytate hydrolysis products were inositol phosphates, typically formed by plant phytases. For the phytase inactivated diet, comparable very low phytase activity and almost no phytate degradation in the stomach were determined. In the small intestine and colon, high activity of alkaline phosphatases and low activity of phytases were observed, irrespective of the diet fed. In the colon, stronger phytate degradation for the phytase inactivated diet than for the control diet was detected. Phytate degradation throughout the whole gut was nearly complete and very similar for both diets while the apparent availability of total phosphorus was significantly higher for the pigs fed the control diet than the phytase inactivated diet. The pathway of inositol phosphate hydrolysis in the gut has been elucidated.
Photon counting spectral CT versus conventional CT: comparative evaluation for breast imaging application

Spectral CT systems with photon counting detectors have more advantages compared to conventional CT systems. However, clinical applications have been hampered for a long time due to the high demands of clinical systems and limitations of spectroscopic x-ray detectors. Photon counting detector technology has gained considerable improvements in the past decade, and spectral CT has become a hot topic. Several experimental spectral CT systems are under investigation. The purpose of this work was to perform the first direct, side-by-side comparison of existing spectral CT technology with a mature clinical CT system based on a conventional energy integrating detector. We have built an experimental spectral CT system whose main parameters are similar to the parameters of a clinical CT system. The system uses a spectroscopic cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector. The detector includes two rows of CZT pixels with 256 pixels in each row. The pixel size is 1 × 1 mm2, and the maximum count rate is 2 Mcounts/pixel/s. The spectral CT system has a magnification factor of 1.62 and the source to detector and source to image distances of 85 and 53 cm, respectively. The above parameters are similar to those of the clinical CT system, Siemens Sensation 16, used for comparison. The two systems were compared by imaging spatial resolution and contrast resolution phantoms made from acrylic cylinders with 14 cm diameters. The resolution phantom included Al wires with 0.3, 0.6, and 1 mm diameters, and 0.25 g cc−1 CaCO3 contrast. The contrast phantom included contrast elements with 1.7, 5, and 15 mg cc−1 iodine, and 1.1, 3.3, and 10 mg cc−1 gadolinium. The phantoms were imaged with the two systems using 120 kVp tube voltage and 470 mR total skin exposure. The spectral CT showed CT numbers, image noise, and spatial and contrast resolutions to be similar within 10% compared to the Siemens 16 system, and provided an average of 10% higher CNR. However, the spectral CT system had a major advantage in that the iodine, gadolinium, and CaCO3 contrasts were decomposed by dual-energy and K-edge subtraction methods using energy selective CT data acquired in a single CT scan and fixed tube voltage. It is concluded that photon counting spectral CT technology is close to feasibility for routine clinical applications. Furthermore, it is ready for some clinical applications such as dedicated breast CT which has relatively lower demands on photon counting detectors.