Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Culture Default and Principles of Translation Compensation in Literary Translation — a Case Study of Book III of Ashoka the Great

As a historical novel about the Peacock Dynasty in India, Ashoka the Great, to some extent, reflects the ancient Indian culture, so it is of great translation value for cultural exchange. When translating the third volume of Ashoka the Great, the author found a large number of expressions with Indian characteristics hindering readers' understanding of the TT. Both sides of the communication have the same background knowledge, so they can omit the elements which are self-evident to both sides. The omitted part can be called cultural default. Therefore, the strategies of translation compensation should be adopted to solve the problem of understanding caused by cultural default in order to promote communication between different cultures successfully. After summarizing the principles of translation compensation based on previous studies, the author analyzes the parts of culture default in this novel and uses five principles of translation compensation: literal translation with a footnote, paraphrasing, amplification, domestication and foreignization. The present author hopes this paper can provide effective reference for the translation of Ashoka the Great.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC SPRAYER FOR GREENHOUSE AND SMALL OPEN FIELD

Hand-held and backpack sprayers are inexpensive tools used to apply pesticides on small acreages. Greenhouse, small vegetables field, small orchards, and tree plantations are examples of areas that often require pesticide applications to protect them from weeds, insects, and diseases. Effective pest control depends on applying the proper amount of pesticide. In greenhouse conditions inside are different from open field. The conventional sprayers, such as the self-propelled or tractor mounted boom sprayers are not suitable for a greenhouse conditions. The electric developed sprayer was evaluated, and its performance was investigated and compared to Suzuki 2.13 kW air assist knapsack sprayer. The experiments were carried out at during 2015/2016 seasons. The developed hydraulic sprayer may able to operate as vertical and horizontal boom sprayer. It's able to apply in piper crops in greenhouse and small field area of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea var. Capitata) under Egyptian conditions. The results showed that the horizontal boom set gave high value of deposition compared to vertical boom set. As well as, the increasing of operating pressure tends to increase the deposition values for developed solar sprayer. The deposit spray values under open field conditions were 0. 133μg/cm2, 0. 187μg/cm2 and 0. 208μg/cm2. The coverage values under open field conditions were 37.8%, 39.1% and 44.5% for 125 kPa, 150 kPa and 200 kPa operating nozzle pressures respectively. As well as, the coverage percent values under greenhouse conditions were 27.8 %, 29.7% and 33.8 % for 125 kPa, 150 kPa and 200 kPa operating nozzle pressures respectively. The power consumed was 0.263 kW, 0.289 kW and 0.300 kW at 125 kPa, 150 kPa and 200 kPa respectively. As well as the battery power reduction rate were 0.051 and 0.164 with PV panel charger under small open field and greenhouse after one hour operating time respectively.
Did MALDI-TOF MS Increase Anaerobe Identification in the Microbiology Laboratory? A University Hospital Experience

196 Anaerop bakteriler, insan mikrobiyomunun temel bileşenlerinden biridir. Şimdiye kadar farklı birkaç yüz anaerop mikroorganizma türü, özel kültür yöntemleri ve moleküler genetik analizler kullanılarak tanımlanmıştır. 1 Zaman zaman farklı anatomik bölgelerde bulunan ve yaşamı tehdit eden enfeksiMALDI-TOF MS Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarında Anaerop Tanımlamalarını Artırdı mı? Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Deneyimi
Assessment of Birth Preparedness Practices and Preferences towards delivery among Primigravida Women in North India.

Birth preparedness is a safe motherhood initiative with the objective of planning for normal birth and anticipating actions needed in the case of emergency. 2 The pregnant women and their families are encouraged to effectively plan for births and deal with anticipated complication, if they occur. It ensures that the readiness and timely utilization of skilled maternal and unit health care services. It helps the women to reach professional delivery care and key to decrease maternal mortality. 5 Aim of this study is to find out the birth preparedness practices and preferences towards delivery among Primigravida women. A descriptive design among 200 women selected by purposive sampling, who visited antenatal OPD in selected Hospitals of Ambala, Haryana. Self-Structured checklist was used by (Interview) self-report method and data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 16.0. Chicago, Inc.) Findings revealed that the 67.5% women had good level of birth preparedness practices and 99.5% women had preferences normal delivery and 71% Governmental institutional delivery, home delivery 91.5% delivery by doctor, 42% wants to stay in labour room with their mother 22.5% wants to stay with their husband. It can be conclude that the women had good level of birth preparedness. The association of birth preparedness as found to be statistically highly significant age, religion, education status of self & husband, socioeconomic status, duration of marriage (p<0.05)
Temperature Stress Affects Survival and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic and Indicator Bacteria in Drinking Water Dispensing System

Point-of-use water treatment and dispensing systems are becoming common features in middle-to-upper class homes and public spaces. However, their effectiveness at providing potable water is yet to be substantiated. In this study, the effect of temperature stress (cold ≈ 10oC and hot ≈ 78oC) on survival of three pathogenic (Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae), a nuisance (Proteus vulgaris) and the indicator (Escherichia coli) bacteria was evaluated in water dispensers. Individual test organism was spiked into pre-sterilized distilled water in a 25-L dispenser bottle. The bottle was fitted and the machine set on to allow the organisms acclimatized for 30 mins before samples were collected. The holding temperatures apparently had an immediate significant inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the pathogens, being greater in dispensed hot water. Effect of cold temperature stress was least on Escherichia coli. While Shigella dysenteriae and Vibrio cholerae were completely inactivated in dispensed hot water, there were some levels of resuscitation in the other organisms that were initially stressed by either the hot or cold temperature after just 1 h of cooling to room temperature. The re-inactivation was significant (p<0.05) in the dispensed cold water for Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae. With exception of Shigella dysenteriae, other organisms exhibited varied susceptibility (5–11 mm) to six of eight antibiotics; this appeared to increase following the temperature stress. However, increased resistance to augmentin, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline was observed in some temperature-stressed strains, particularly Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae as well as Escherichia coli. The findings indicate that, while hot or cold temperature may have an immediate inhibitory effect on microbial loads and antibiotic susceptibility, the unwholesome practice of drinking dispensed water several hours after should be discouraged.
ANTAGONISTIC YEASTS AND ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS AS POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN POSTHARVEST APPLICATION

Synthetic chemical residues inflict unrepairable damage on living things and the ecology, hence the need to search for safer and more effective alternative methods for postharvest disease management. To make these alternative methods economically viable, their resilient and persistent performance must be improved. Several studies suggest that combining two or more alternative biocontrol agents give them broad-spectrum potency against postharvest diseases. In line with this, remarkable progress has been made toward development of multifaceted approaches at each stage of the disease control process. The present review highlights these alternative integrated biocontrol measures, their consequential effects on stored fruit and corresponding mechanisms of action in postharvest disease control. It also reviewed the challenges involved in the application of postharvest biocontrol agents.
SURVEY METHOD IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT WORKS

Oleg NIKIFOROV* Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University» (branch of Velikie Luki) (PGUPS) Avenue Gagarina 95, Velikie Luki, 182101, Russia Kirill SAFRONOV, Sergey MOCHALIN, Yuliya KOLEBER Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University» (FSBEI HE "SibADI") Avenue Mira 5, Omsk, 644080, Russia *Corresponding author. E-mail: nikiforov-oleg_55@mail.ru
A Run-Time Program Phase Detection Technique for Optimizing Per-Phase L2 Cache Demand

Understanding program behavior is at the foundation of computer architecture and program optimization. Programs pass through different behaviors where their performance characteristics and hardware resource requirements vary. Program phase detection and classification research aiming to understand the program time-varying behavior, can unlock a lot of phase-based optimizations which are specially tailored to improve the performance of each individual program phase. In this paper, we introduce an efficient run-time phase detection and classification technique, based on tracking changes in the L2 cache access pattern of different portions in the program execution. The proposed technique monitors a running program and keeps track what phase the running program is currently executing, with no need to recompile the tracked program, and with execution time overhead of 4%, on average. Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU) is exploited to sample the memory addresses causing L1 data cache misses. This profiling data is used to construct the Cache Access Signature Vectors (CASVs) that accurately reflect the L2 cache access patterns for each interval of execution. By comparing CASVs, the proposed technique classifies the program into a set of stable phases with high degree of intra-phase homogeneity. Our evaluation shows that phase changes detected by our technique have strong correlation with the variation in Instruction Per Cycle (IPC). Furthermore, our technique can contribute in reducing L2 cache miss rates, and optimizing L2 cache utilization, through its direct capability of estimating per-phase L2 cache demand.
PERFORMANCE OF SOME TOMATO GENOTYPES UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

valuation of genotypes under greenhouse conditions comes in the first order for Tomato Breeding Program of Desert Research Center (DRC). A major objective of the program has been to develop breeding lines that possess characteristics needed in high-performing hybrid varieties at greenhouse conditions. The twelve genotypes indeterminate were transplanted in a greenhouse at Baloza Station, DRC, North Sinai, during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results indicated that tomato genotypes mean squares were highly significant for all traits (growth, yield and quality). Based on the results obtained in the two growing seasons, the most productive tomato genotypes and those best adapted to the climatic conditions of the area are identified. The best results of plant height, stem diameter and yield /plant were obtained from S922, S923 and S24. The genotypes S802, S811 and S812 recorded the highest mean for fruit set percentage. The genotypes S700, S710, S720 and S740 had high total soluble solids percentage. Total soluble solids percentage showed negative correlation with all characters.
EFFICIENT PERMUTATION DECODING OF BINARY BLOCK REDUNDANT CODES

The article describes a method of decoding of binary block redundant codes with the use of ordered statistics, which is implemented in the framework of permutation decoding (PD). Such algorithms are most effectively used in control systems in order to protect data against errors when sending them along the channels subjected to the influence of destructive factors. On the one hand, the advantage of permutation decoding is the possibility of processing of code vectors of the computed equivalent code outside the Hamming metric, which provides a significant energy code gain (ECG). On the other hand, the process of identifying the properties of rearranged matrix linearity of the equivalent code and bringing this matrix to the systematic form in case of confirmation of the properties of linearity, is a difficult task in the attitude of computation. The complexity of the computational process becomes exponential with increasing length of code vectors. In this context, the authors propose a new method for fast matrix transformations to allow normalizing the computational process of finding the matrix of the equivalent block code of virtually any length to polynomial complexity. The authors also introduce the concept of a decoder cognitive map. The probabilistic characteristics of the proposed decoders obtained by analytical modelling of communication channels with various streams of errors are given.
Double nexus—Doublesex is the connecting element in sex determination

In recent years, our knowledge of the conserved master-switch gene doublesex (dsx) and its function in regulating the development of dimorphic traits in insects has deepened considerably. Here, a comprehensive overview is given on the properties of the maleand female-specific dsx transcripts yielding DSX and DSX proteins in Drosophila melanogaster, and the many downstream targets that they regulate. As insects have cell-autonomous sex determination, it was assumed that dsx would be expressed in every somatic cell, but recent research showed that dsx is expressed only when a cell is required to show its sexual identity through function or morphology. This spatiotemporal regulation of dsx expression has not only been established in D. melanogaster but in all insect species studied. Gradually, it has been appreciated that dsx could no longer be viewed as the master-switch gene orchestrating sexual development and behaviour in each cell, but instead should be viewed as the interpreter for the sexual identity of the cell, expressing this identity only on request, making dsx the central nexus of insect sex determination.
Visitation patterns of jaguars Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) to isolated water ponds in a tropical forest landscape

Jaguar populations have declined dramatically in the last century. The Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) within the Selva Maya (SM) is a priority area for jaguar conservation. Influential factors in the jaguar seasonal distribution include the availability of surface water in wetlands such as the “aguadas” and the availability of prey. Aguadas are formed by isolated depressions in the landscape and serve as a water supply for wildlife during dry periods. The goal of this study was to describe the visitation patterns of jaguars to aguadas in a Tropical forest at Dos Lagunas Protected Biotopo, a core zone of the MBR, Guatemala. We used camera-trap data from seven aguadas during the dry seasons 2014-2017. We determined visitation rates (VR, records for 1,000 trap-days) and activity patterns (AP) of jaguars for all years, aguadas, and sexes. We tested for significant differences in AP between sexes, and we estimated the coefficient of overlap (D) for female and male jaguar activity. We recorded 14 individuals (five females, eight males, and one unsexed) in 60 visit events. Jaguars have significant more diurnal activity at aguadas, and showed a VR = 13.1 for 1,000 trap-days. VR varied between aguadas (VR = 9.5 – 19.4), years (VR = 1.9 – 39.2) and sexes (VR = 6.1 for females and 5.5 for males). We did not find significant differences in the AP of female and male jaguars ( P > 0.05). The coefficient of overlap between activity of females and males was D = 0.77 (95 % confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.84; P > 0.05). Aguadas may represent regular sites of jaguar home-ranges overlap for the important resources they provide for wildlife during the dry season. Aguadas could play an important role in the conservation and management of jaguar populations since the spatial distribution of these bodies of water is scattered, but ecologically important for jaguars within the MBR and the SM. Aguadas also, are important landscape features that could influence the spatial interactions of individuals. We encourage jaguar researchers to increase investigation on jaguars visiting aguadas and other wetlands in the SM to better understand the jaguar activity patterns and sex-specific habitat requirements.
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TISSUES USING INNOVATED METHODS IN EXTRACTION OF DNA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CORPSE IN CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS, EXPLOSIONS AND FIRES [3]

Introduction: Every disaster is unique and involves interplay of different factors and circumstances such as nature of disaster, number of victims and extent of body fragmentation that ultimately challenges the disaster response planning. Sample preference for DNA analysis can help in proper management of the disaster . Since a disaster is a chaotic environment that can complicate effective identification of the remains. With some planning, and proper sample selection we can reduce stress for those involved in the identification process thus increasing the probability that all recovered samples are identified. Aim of the Work: To recognize and decide which human tissue is preferred over the other for DNA tests for human identification for available samples saved from different environmental disasters . Therefore we can decide which sample is preferred over the other if available. , Based on the DNA yield obtained from different human tissues. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional laboratory based study was conducted at the Egyptian Forensic Medicine Authority (EFMA) at Sayda Abd Elwahab, Jihan, et al Vol. 47, No. 2, Spt. 2019 22 Zaynab. From May 2016 to April 2017 and tested using manual Qiagen extraction kit or Qiagen automated kit using EZ1. Extracted DNA was then quatified using Quatifiler® Human DNA Quatification kit by Step one Real Time PCR. Samples were amplified using AmpFlSTR R Identifiler R plus PCR Amplification Kit (Life Technologies Applied Biosystems). Amplified PCR products were run electrophorethically on a 3130xl or 3500 Genetic Analyzer (Life Technologies Applied Biosystems) Results: Comparison between different tissues recovered from the site of different disasters showed that dry blood stain have better DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid) yield and STR(Short Tandem Repeat ) results followed by fresh tissue. Moreover cartilage samples are preferable to bone samples concerning DNA yield and STR results. Finally skin followed by teeth had the least DNA yield. Conclusion: During sample selection of collected tissue parts and fragments it is preferable to get a dry blood sample if available , if not try to select fresh muscle tissue if not available search for hair with roots then selection of cartilage gave better results than bone concerning DNA yield and STR results leaving skin then teeth as the last choice.
Evidence of male-bias in capture samples of marbled murrelets from genetic studies in British Columbia

We report a significant male-bias (1.8:1) in Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) captured with floating mist nets during the breeding season ovcr four years (1994-1997) at Theodosia Inlet, Desolation Sound, British Columbia. There was little evidence for marked annual or diurnal variation in male-bias, or for variation due to flight direction of birds when they contacted thc net (inland vs. out to sea). In contrast, samplcs of adult and juvcnile Marbled Murrelets captured using a night-lighting technique at Desolation Sound in 1997 were not male-biased. We believe that the most likely explanation for our results is that thcre are sex-specific differences in behavior of Marbled Murrelets during the breeding period, such that more males than females are flying between marine foraging and inland ncsting areas.
PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS AS A PARTNER FOR THE PREVENTION OF HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS

Background: Hand hygiene compliances of healthcare students have been examined extensively. However, there has been no study in this area for the students of the department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation. The aim was to evaluate hand hygiene compliance of the department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students after a briefing on hand hygiene. Methods: Before the summer practice, the students were briefed on hand hygiene. Then their hand hygiene compliance were assessed. Their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical summer practice data, and hand hygiene compliance based on the recommendations commented in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for hand hygiene in Health Care Settings were assessed with a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Results: Of 53 students, 52 met inclusion criteria. The average correct answer rate was 82.69%. Students had inadequacies in selecting suitable hand hygiene techniques and in complying with hand hygiene indications in some situations related to their profession. Moreover, the students suggested that there was a great need for education (n=24;39.34%) and improvements in physical conditions (n= 21;34.43%). Conclusions: As a conclusion, department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students were aware of the importance of hand hygiene in terms of prevention of healthcare associated infections. However, for department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students, educational programs about hand hygiene is needed in order to gain optimal competence and to be able to protect and improve health care workers and patients safety.
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies: Current applications in primary membranous nephropathy

MN’s long -term outcomes have been said to follow the “rule of thirds”. According to this model, one third of diagnosed patients evolve towards spontaneous remission, one third maintain persistent proteinuria, while another third develop end -stage renal failure in ten years.3 Currently, this depiction is considered excessively simplistic and most clinicians opt for a risk -stratification approach when predicting a patient’s prognosis and determining the optimal treatment strategy.4