Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wildfire‐Initiated Talik Development Exceeds Current Thaw Projections: Observations and Models From Alaska's Continuous Permafrost Zone

As the Arctic warms and wildfire occurrence increases, talik formation in permafrost regions is projected to expand and affect the cycling of water and carbon. Yet, few unified field and modeling studies have examined this process in detail, particularly in areas of continuous permafrost. We address this gap by presenting multimethod, multiseasonal geophysical measurements of permafrost and liquid‐water content that reveal substantial talik development in response to recent wildfire in continuous permafrost of boreal Alaska. Results from observation‐based cryohydrogeologic model simulations suggest that predisturbance subsurface conditions are key factors influencing thaw response to fire disturbance and air temperature warming. Our high‐resolution integrated study illustrates enhanced vulnerability of boreal continuous permafrost, with observed talik formation that exceeds coarse‐scale model projections by ~100 years even under the most extreme future emissions scenario. Results raise important scaling questions for representing extreme permafrost thaw phenomena of growing widespread importance in large‐scale predictive models.
Pobreza monetária no Brasil, urbana e rural, de 2012 a 2018

Poverty is a phenomenon could affect individuals in different ways, being the most common the income insufficiency, also known as monetary poverty. For the Brazilian case, monetary poverty affect a significant portion of the population, motivating the articulation for public policies to eradicate poverty in the country. In face of this challenge the aim of this paper is measure the monetary poverty in Brazil calculating the Headcount poverty and other indicators for all states from Brazil using data from PNADC survey – PNAD continua – for the period from 2012 to 2018. The results shown the monetary poverty for more than 28% of the Brazilian population and that income insufficiency is more severe for North and Northwest regions, mainly in rural areas. This study contributes to the thematic at hand by highlighting the relevance of economic cycles in poverty indicators in Brazil. Keywords: Income Insufficiency. Urban. Rural. Regional Development.
On the geometry and topology of Sasakian manifolds

This thesis is concerned with the topology and geometry of Sasakian manifolds. Sasaki structures consist of certain contact forms equipped with special Riemannian metrics. Sasakian manifolds relate to arbitrary contact manifolds as Kahlerian or projective complex manifolds relate to arbitrary symplectic manifolds. Therefore, Sasakian manifolds are the odd-dimensional analogs of Kahler manifolds. In the first part of the thesis we discuss some geometric invariants of Sasaki structures. Specifically, the socalled basic Hodge numbers, the type and their relation to the underlying contact and almost contact structures are discussed. We produce many pairs of negative Sasakian structures with distinct basic Hodge numbers on the same differentiable manifold in any odd dimension larger than 3. In the second part of the thesis we discuss topological properties of Sasakian manifolds, focussing particularly on the fundamental groups of compact Sasakian manifolds. In parallel with the theory of Kahler and projective groups, we call these groups Sasaki groups. We prove that any projective group is realizable as the fundamental group of a compact Sasakian manifold in every odd dimension larger than three. Similarly, every finitely presentable group is realizable as the fundamental group of a compact K-contact manifold in every odd dimension larger than three. Nevertheless, Sasaki groups satisfy some very strong constraints, some of which are reminiscent of known constraints on Kahler groups. We show that the class of Sasaki groups is not closed under direct products and that there exist Sasaki groups that cannot be realized in arbitrarily large dimension. We prove that Sasaki groups behave similarly to Kahler groups regarding their relation to 3-manifold groups and to free products.
Flow of healthy and sickle red blood cells in microcirculatory conditions : clustering process and self-margination phenomenon

J'ai caracterise experimentalement la formation de clusters au cours du passage de globules rouges (GRs) sains et drepanocytaires dans microcapillaires droites. L'effet de l'agregation a ete egalement etudie. J'ai montre que la formation des clusters dans des conditions physiologiques est due a la combinaison des interactions hydrodynamiques et des celles causees par les macromolecules du plasma. En effet, les interactions macromoleculaires ne sont pas completement attenuees sous contraintes de cisaillement physiologiques et au contraire ils contribuent a la stabilite des clusters. En outre, j'ai decouvert la presence d’une distribution bimodale en ce qui concerne les distances entre les cellules constituant les clusters hydrodynamiques.En plus, j'ai etudie experimentalement le comportement collectif des globules rouges drepanocytaires oxygenes et leur distribution radiale le long de microcapillaires cylindriques avec un diametre comparable a ces des veinules et des arterioles humaines. J'ai trouve que les GRs montrent une distribution heterogene en fonction de leur densite: les cellules plus legeres ont tendance a rester pres du centre du canal, alors que la plupart des cellules denses (et aussi plus rigides) auto-marginent sous des conditions definies. L'agregation semble d'inhiber l'auto-margination en fonction des patients et en particuliers des facteurs d’agregation: le dextrane, par exemple, favorise l'auto-margination dans certains patients et il la diminue dans des autres. Le plasma montre de contraster l'auto-margination des GRs dans tous les sujets, en soulignant l'importance des proteines et des molecules adhesives du plasma dans les phenomenes d'agregation. Finalement, j'ai observe que l'auto-margination se manifeste naturellement au cours de l’ecoulement de globules rouges drepanocytaires.
A Review of Balcony Impacts on the Indoor Environmental Quality of Dwellings

Balconies are an ancient architectural archetype that are being increasingly considered in multi-family buildings of high-density cities. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impacts of balcony types on the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy consumption of dwellings. Of the reviewed studies, 69% were published during the last decade, making it evident that awareness of the positive impact of balcony spaces is continuously increasing. The literature review allowed us to identify three balcony spaces according to their morphology and their boundary system: open balcony (OB), glazed balcony (GB), and eliminate balcony (EB). It was concluded that these balcony types produce relevant impacts in four factors that contribute to the indoor environmental quality: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, visual comfort, and acoustic comfort. Practical design recommendations and constraints were provided according to distinct climatic conditions and building technologies. This review also explored the assessment methodologies used for the optimization of the balconies on the design process. The literature highlighted the lack of a comprehensive study about the impact of balconies in mild and Mediterranean climates, as well as the knowledge limitations concerning the balance between the impacts on IEQ factors.
Detecting APT attacks based on Network Flow

APT attack technique is an advanced and targeted attack technique. This attack technique has been recognized as one of the cyber attacks trend in the world for many years. Therefore, the task of the early detection of APT attacks in information security systems is very necessary today. In this paper, we propose a method of detecting APT attacks based on network flow analysis. Accordingly, network traffic data will be processed into flow networks. Then we use machine learning algorithms to analyze network flow in order to find signs of APT attacks in the system.
Spillover effects of a combined water, sanitation, and handwashing intervention in rural Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial

Background Water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH) interventions may confer indirect benefits (“spillovers”) on neighbors of recipients by interrupting pathogen transmission. We measured geographically local spillovers in WASH Benefits, a cluster-randomized trial in rural Bangladesh, by comparing outcomes among neighbors of intervention vs. control participants. Methods WASH Benefits had randomly allocated geographically-defined clusters to a compound-level intervention (chlorinated drinking water, upgraded sanitation, and handwashing promotion) or control and followed children for two years. We enrolled neighboring children age-matched to trial participants that would have been eligible for WASH Benefits had they been conceived slightly earlier or later. After 28 months of intervention, we quantified fecal indicator bacteria in toy rinse and drinking water samples, measured soil-transmitted helminth infections, and recorded caregiver-reported diarrhea and respiratory illness. Neither fieldworkers nor participants were masked. Analysis was intention-to-treat. Results We enrolled neighbors of WASH Benefits participants in 90 control (N=900) and 90 intervention clusters (N=899). Neighbors’ characteristics were balanced across arms. The prevalence of any detectable E. coli in tubewell samples was lower for neighbors of intervention vs. control (prevalence ratio=0.83; 0.73, 0.95). There was no difference in E. coli and coliform prevalence between arms for other environmental samples. Disease prevalence was similar in neighbors of intervention vs. control participants: Ascaris (prevalence difference [PD]=0.00; -0.07, 0.08), hookworm (PD=0.01; -0.01, 0.04), Trichuris (PD=0.02; -0.02, 0.05), diarrhea (PD=0.00; -0.02,0.03), respiratory illness (PD=-0.01; -0.04, 0.03). Conclusions We found spillover effects of a compound-level combined WSH intervention for tubewell water contamination but not for child health outcomes. Key Messages Water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH) interventions may confer indirect benefits (“spillovers”) on neighbors of recipients by interrupting pathogen transmission, reducing environmental contamination, or spurring the adoption of health behaviors. We conducted a randomized trial in rural Bangladesh to measure whether neighbors of a compound-level WSH intervention improved hygiene behaviors and had lower prevalence environmental contamination, soil-transmitted helminth infection, diarrhea, and respiratory illness among children under 5 years after two years of intervention. We did not find evidence of intervention adoption or improved hygiene behavior among neighbors of a WSH intervention delivered for 2 years. The WSH intervention reduced fecal contamination of neighbors’ tubewell water but did not lead to spillovers for other proximal measures of contamination in the domestic environment or for child health outcomes. For proximal spillover effects to translate to distal spillover effects, improvements in neighbors’ health behaviors may have been necessary.
RECORDS OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Identification MIC Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common and major opportunistic human pathogen, its causes many and dangerous infectious diseases like cystic fibrosis, wounds, burns inflammation, urinary tract infection, other many infections otitis external, nosocomial infection and causes bacteremia. A main problem in P. aeruginosa infection that exhibits a high degree of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. A total of 147 patients of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from Ismailia hospitals. The clinical isolates were collected from wound, sputum and urine. Carbapenem sensitivity was performed per Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was preformed towards meropenem and imipenem resistant isolates by agar dilution methods. Imipenem and meropenem sensitivity result were 91% and 70%. MICs were carried out for carbapenem resistant isolates. Furthermore P. aeruginosa screening should be managed and antibiotic abuse should be monitored.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Korean Asthmatics: A Comparison With UK Asthmatics

Purpose Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) represent the most powerful approach for identifying genes that influence asthma, to date, no studies have established genetic susceptibility to asthma in the Korean population. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with adult Korean asthmatics and compare them with the significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UK asthmatics from the UK Biobank. Methods Patients were defined as having asthma if they were diagnosed by a doctor or taking medications for asthma. Controls were defined as individuals without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We performed quality control, genotype imputation, GWAS, and PrediXcan analyses. In the GWAS, a P value of < 5 × 10−8 was considered significant. We compared significant SNPs between Korean and UK patients with asthma. Results A total of 1,386 asthmatic patients and 5,205 controls were analyzed. The SNP rs1770, located near the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1, was the most significant SNP (P = 4.5 × 10−10). In comparison with 24 SNPs in a GWAS of UK asthmatics, six SNPs were significant with the same odds ratio (OR) direction, including signals related to type 2 inflammation (e.g., IL1RL1, TSLP, and GATA3) and mucus plugging (e.g., MUC5AC). HLA-DQA1 showed an opposite OR direction. The HLA-DQB1 gene demonstrated significantly imputed mRNA expression in the lung tissue and whole blood. Conclusions The SNP rs1770 of HLA-DQB1 was the most significant in Korean asthmatics. Similarities and discrepancies were found in the genetic variants between Korean and UK asthmatics. GWAS of Korean asthmatics should be replicated and compared with those of GWAS of other ethnicities.
Speech Acts in Patriotic Songs Composed by Thailand’s Prime Minister Prayut Chan-ocha

The current study aims to analyze and identify the use of illocutionary speech acts in patriotic songs penned by Thailand’s 29 th Prime Minister and former commander of the Royal Thai Army, General Prayuth Chan-ocha. The junta chief seized power on May 22, 2014, after months of violent street protests against the elected government of the former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra. During his five-year term as the premier, a total of his ten songs were released as a communication channel between him and all people in the nation. The descriptive qualitative research approach is employed to analyze the speech act types and their functional aspects found in the songs. The quantitative approach is applied to investigate which speech act type is dominantly used. The study is conducted on the lyrics in the English versions of General Prayut’s six selected ballads. In analyzing the data, the speech act theory based on the illocutionary act of John Searle is used from a pragmatic framework. From the total of 90 utterances covered in the study, the findings show that four types of the acts are used in the songs. They are representative (assertive), directive, commissive and expressive acts. Only the declarative speech act is not found. Representatives are mostly used in the songs, followed by directives, commissives and expressives. According to the research findings, the functional aspects of stating, asserting, and describing are found in representatives; ordering, requesting, persuading, questioning, and prohibiting in directives; promising, vowing, and offering in commissives, and lastly expressing love, determination, desire, hope, and tiredness are revealed in expressives.
On-Line Multi-Class Segmentation of Side-Scan Sonar Imagery Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

This paper proposes a method to perform on-line multi-class segmentation of Side-Scan Sonar acoustic images, thus being able to build a semantic map of the sea bottom usable to search loop candidates in a SLAM context. The proposal follows three main steps. First, the sonar data is pre-processed by means of acoustics based models. Second, the data is segmented thanks to a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network which is fed with acoustic swaths gathered within a temporal window. Third, the segmented swaths are fused into a consistent segmented image. The experiments, performed with real data gathered in coastal areas of Mallorca (Spain), explore all the possible configurations and show the validity of our proposal both in terms of segmentation quality, with per-class precisions and recalls surpassing the 90%, and in terms of computational speed, requiring less than a 7% of CPU time on a standard laptop computer. The fully documented source code, and some trained models and datasets are provided as part of this study.
Evaluating invasion risk for freshwater fishes in South Africa

Background : South Africa, as a signatory of the Convention on Biological Diversity, has an obligation to identify, prioritise and manage invasive species and their introduction pathways. However, this requires knowledge of the introduction pathways, factors influencing establishment success, invasive potential, current distributions and ecological impacts. Objectives : To evaluate the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) to predict the invasion risk posed by fish species proposed for introduction into South Africa. Method : FISK assessments were compiled for species whose invasion status in South Africa was known. A Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to calibrate the FISK for South Africa. The calibrated FISK was used to evaluate the risk that three species recently proposed for importation for aquaculture could become invasive in South Africa. Results : A FISK score of 14 was identified as the threshold to delineate between species that could become invasive in South Africa and those that are unlikely to become invasive. Of the three species evaluated, Silurus glanis had a high risk of becoming invasive in South Africa, Lates calcarifer was likely to be invasive and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was unlikely to be invasive in South Africa. Conclusion : FISK was demonstrated to be a useful risk assessment tool to evaluate the invasion risk posed by species proposed for use in aquaculture. For the large number of fish imported for the pet trade, a rapid screening assessment to flag potentially high risk species was recommended prior to a full FISK assessment for flagged species.
Copyediting and Proofreading Scientific Publications after Acceptance

Your revised manuscript has been formally accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. A thrilling moment to be sure, but don’t forget that your job as an author is not done. You may now start working with a copyeditor with little scientific background, rather than with a scientist acting as a journal editor. The final phase of scientific publication has two stages. Copyediting is meant to improve the clarity, presentation, and consistency of the text and images (Day 1998). Proofreading is the fine examination of galley proofs that show the exact appearance of the paper in print (Hyatt et al. 2017). I must see a completely clean copy of proofs of any published work of mine before publication. I will accept no eyes but my own for publications that I author.
Constraints on late cenozoic tectonics in the Southern Longmen Shan: evidence from low-temperature thermochronology

ABSTRACT The NE-trending Longmen Shan (LMS) thrust belt, located between the Songpan-Garze terrane and the Yangtze craton, is one of the steepest topographic margins around the Tibetan Plateau. However, the exhumation history and the fault activity of the southern segment of the LMS have remained poorly constrained, particularly in the range front, where little thermochronology ages have been reported. Herein, we report 17 apatites (U-Th)/He (AHe) ages from the southern LMS along the Qingyi River across the Dachuan–Shuangshi Fault (DSF), the Yanjing–Wulong Fault (YWF), and the Gengda–Longdong Fault (GLF). The AHe ages in the hanging-wall of the DSF are ca. 6–11 Ma, which increase to ca.19–23 Ma in the footwall of the DSF. New AHe ages reveal that exhumation rates across the DSF increased significantly from 0.05 to 0.1 km/Myr in the footwall to 0.2–0.4 km/Myr in the hanging-wall since the Late Miocene. The width of the high exhumation rate (0.4–0.6 km/Myr) belt concentrated between the DSF and the GLF, and towards DSF eastward and GLF westward, the exhumation rates decrease rapidly. The results show that continuous crustal shortening along the DSF. Our results support the upper crustal thrusting model that emphasizes crustal shortening deformation along the eastern Tibetan Plateau margin.
Investigation of the Vertical Influence of the 11-Year Solar Cycle on Ozone Using SBUV and Antarctic Ground-Based Measurements and CMIP6 Forcing Data

The 11-year solar activity cycle in the vertical ozone distribution over the Antarctic station Faraday/Vernadsky in the Antarctic Peninsula region (65.25° S, 64.27° W) was analyzed using the Solar Backscatter Ultra Violet (SBUV) radiometer data Version 8.6 Merged Ozone Data Sets (MOD) over the 40-year period 1979–2018. The SBUV MOD ozone profiles are presented as partial column ozone in layers with approximately 3-km altitude increments from the surface to the lower mesosphere (1000–0.1 hPa, or 0–64 km). Periodicities in the ozone time series of the layer data were studied using wavelet transforms. A statistically significant signal with a quasi-11-year period consistent with solar activity forcing was found in the lower–middle stratosphere at 22–31 km in ozone over Faraday/Vernadsky, although signals with similar periods were not significant in the total column measurements made by the Dobson spectrophotometer at the site. For comparison with other latitudinal zones, the relative contribution of the wavelet spectral power of the quasi-11-year periods to the 2–33-year period range on the global scale was estimated. While a significant solar activity signal exists in the tropical lower and upper stratosphere and in the lower mesosphere in SBUV MOD, we did not find evidence of similar signals in the ozone forcing data for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In the extratropical lower–middle stratosphere and lower mesosphere, there is a strong hemispheric asymmetry in solar activity–ozone response, which is dominant in the Southern Hemisphere. In general, the results are consistent with other studies and highlight the sensitivity of ozone in the lower–middle stratosphere over the Antarctic Peninsula region to the 11-year solar cycle.