Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SURVEY OF PARASITOIDS OF WHITEFLIES (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) IN CASSAVA GROWING REGIONS OF COLOMBIA AND ECUADOR

Abstract A survey for parasitoids of the whiteflies, Bemisia tuberculata Bondar, Trialeurodes variabilis Quantaince, T. vaporariorum (Westwood), Aleurotrachelus socialis Bondar, Tetraleurodes sp. , Aleuroglandulus malangae Russell and Aleurodicus sp. , was conducted in 6 cassava growing regions of Colombia and Ecuador. In Colombia, the degree of infestation was predominantly high (>29 whiteflies/cm2) for A. socialis, B. tuberculata and T. variabilis in all cassava growing regions. In Ecuador, levels of infestations were high for Aleurodicus sp. , A. socialis, B. tuberculata, Tetraleurodes sp. in the coastal region, and for T. vaporariorum in the Highlands. The parasitoid fauna of the whiteflies appeared to be more diverse in Colombia than in Ecuador. Eleven species of parasitoids representing 5 genera, 4 families and two superfamilies, as well as 1 hyperparasitoid, were collected from the cassava growing regions of Colombia and 4 species were collected from Ecuador. The parasitoids, Amitus macgowni Evans and Castillo, Encarsia sp. , E. hispida De Santis, E. pergandiella Howard, E. bellottii Evans and Castillo, E. luteola group, E. sophia (Girault and Dodd), E. strenua group, Eretmocerus sp. , Metaphycus sp. and Euderomphale sp. , were collected. There were notable differences in parasitism among the different geographic regions and whitefly species. In general, Eretmocerus was the dominant genus in Colombia and Ecuador, followed by Encarsia sp. We found A. macgowni in regions characterized by high temperatures and bimodal rainfall. Percent parasitism per region surveyed ranged from 3 to 25% in Colombia and from 12 to 21% in Ecuador.
Complex mating strategies of Santa claus

Following the initial publication on the endoparasite Santa claus [1], a study that lucidly characterized S. claus transmission from rodent to bird, a question was lingering how is the mating system organized? Which gender selects the mate? What mating strategies do the males exhibit? In the present study, we will answer these question by supplying unique video-graphic documentation of a courtship scene. The footage include the first observation of the never before seen female S. claus. The evidence is analyzed in the framework of game theory [2] and compared to simulations of the different strategies observed. Thus, we will show that S. claus has reached an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) [3] composed of Bullies, Gangers and Sneakers. Finally, the evidence strongly support the expectation of such a system: the female role is entirely passive.
O QUE (AINDA) PODEMOS APRENDER SOBRE CAPACIDADES DINÂMICAS

Esta revisao sistematica tem o objetivo geral de compreender como o tema Capacidades Dinâmicas vem sendo abordado pela literatura academica. Para isso, foi analisado o resumo de 80 artigos extraidos de duas bases de dados ( Scopus e Web Of Science ) atraves do termo de pesquisa " dynamic capabilities" e "dynamic capability" . Os resultados do estudo sugerem que Capacidades Dinâmicas: e um tema relativamente novo; pode ser relacionado a outros elementos, como por exemplo: inovacao; gestao do conhecimento; aprendizagem; desempenho da firma; e ambidestria organizacional; o conceito de Capacidades Dinâmicas pode ser aperfeicoado com base na literatura academica, estando associado a recursos valiosos, raros, de dificil imitacao e substituicao, o que possibilita a obtencao de vantagem competitiva; Capacidades Dinâmicas sao dificeis de serem implantadas nas firmas, pois envolvem ativos intangiveis existentes em ambientes organizacionais complexos e turbulentos, necessitando de constante mudanca; a identificacao de mecanismos que geram Capacidades Dinâmicas pode auxiliar as firmas na compreensao dos elementos necessarios a implantacao destas capacidades; relacionar ambidestria organizacional a Capacidades Dinâmicas pode facilitar o entendimento dos conceitos de exploitation e exploration .
Association of the Chaperone αB-crystallin with Titin in Heart Muscle*

αB-crystallin, a major component of the vertebrate lens, is a chaperone belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins. These proteins form oligomers that bind to partially unfolded substrates and prevent denaturation. αB-crystallin in cardiac muscle binds to myofibrils under conditions of ischemia, and previous work has shown that the protein binds to titin in the I-band of cardiac fibers (Golenhofen, N., Arbeiter, A., Koob, R., and Drenckhahn, D. (2002) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 34, 309–319). This part of titin extends as muscles are stretched and is made up of immunoglobulin-like modules and two extensible regions (N2B and PEVK) that have no well defined secondary structure. We have followed the position of αB-crystallin in stretched cardiac fibers relative to a known part of the titin sequence. αB-crystallin bound to a discrete region of the I-band that moved away from the Z-disc as sarcomeres were extended. In the physiological range of sarcomere lengths, αB-crystallin bound in the position of the N2B region of titin, but not to PEVK. In overstretched myofibrils, it was also in the Ig region between N2B and the Z-disc. Binding between αB-crystallin and N2B was confirmed using recombinant titin fragments. The Ig domains in an eight-domain fragment were stabilized by αB-crystallin; atomic force microscopy showed that higher stretching forces were needed to unfold the domains in the presence of the chaperone. Reversible association with αB-crystallin would protect I-band titin from stress liable to cause domain unfolding until conditions are favorable for refolding to the native state.
THE INTERNAL CONTROL OF NITRATE UPTAKE INTO EXCISED BARLEY ROOTS WITH DIFFERING SALT CONTENTS

Summary Measurements of net NO3- influx have been made with excised bailey roots of differing salt status. With roots grown in 0.2 mM CaSO4, net NO3- influx shows partial saturation with external NO3- concentrations greater than 0.5 mM, and is greatly reduced in the absence of external K+ or Na+. Net NO3- influx from NaNO3 solution is as rapid as from KNO3 solution, but when both K+ and Na+ are present the roots show high specificity for K+ over Na+. When roots are high in Cl-, net NO3- influx is greatly reduced, and the reciprocal effect of reduction in Cl- influx into roots high in NO3- is also found. There is some decrease in net NO3- influx and in Cl- influx when roots are high in organic anions, and under these conditions net NO3- influx is completely independent of cation influx. There is no effect of external Cl- (up to 10 mM) on net NO3- influx (1 mM solution), and very little or no effect of external NO3- on Cl- influx. The results are considered in relation to the hypothesis that influx of NO3- and Cl- is subject to feedback control from the internal NO3- plus Cl- content, but it is concluded that organic anions can also play an important part in controlling influx of NO3- and Cl-. The interactions between cation and anion fluxes are discussed, and a unifying model for ion transport proposed.
Minimal Requirements for IgE-Mediated Regulation of Surface FcεRI1

The IgE-FcεRI network plays a central role in allergic inflammation. IgE levels control cell surface levels of FcεRI and, in turn, FcεRI levels modulate the intensity of effector responses. Treatment of allergic patients with anti-IgE Abs has been shown to induce a decrease in FcεRI expression on basophils and a decrease in Ag-triggered histamine release. However, the mechanisms underlying IgE-mediated regulation of FcεRI expression remain unclear. Here, we designed an in vitro model system to establish the minimal cellular requirements for regulation of FcεRI by IgE. Using this system, we demonstrate that transcriptional regulation, hemopoietic-specific factors, and signaling are not required for IgE-mediated increases in FcεRI expression. IgE binding to the α-chain is the minimal requirement for the induction of FcεRI up-regulation. The rate of up-regulation is independent of the baseline level of expression. The mechanism of this up-regulation is the result of a combination of three factors: 1) stabilization of the receptor at the cell surface, which prevents receptor internalization and degradation; 2) use of a preformed pool of receptor comprising recycled and recently synthesized receptors; and 3) continued basal level of protein synthesis. It is possible that in vivo additional factors contribute to modulate the basic regulatory mechanism described here.
Autumn phenology and morphometrics in the Garden Warbler

S.B. Iwajomo, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute (University of Jos Biological Conservatory), P.O. Box 13404, Jos, Nigeria; and Ottenby Bird Observatory, PL 1500, SE-38065 Degerhamn, Sweden. E-mail sholaiwajomo@gmail.com A. Hedenström, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; and Ottenby Bird Observatory, PL 1500, SE-38065 Degerhamn, Sweden U. Ottosson, A. P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute (University of Jos Biological Conservatory), P.O. Box 13404, Jos, Nigeria; and Ottenby Bird Observatory, PL 1500, SE-38065 Degerhamn, Sweden
Evaluating the effectiveness of wildflower seed mixes for boosting floral diversity and bumblebee and hoverfly abundance in urban areas

There is growing interest in improving the biodiversity of urban and suburban areas. Here we report on the effectiveness of a very simple intervention that may be used to boost flower and pollinator abundance; the sowing of plots of wildflowers in amenity grasslands. The abundance of flowers, bumblebees (Bombus spp.), and hoverflies (Syrphidae) was surveyed in 30 such plots, either 1 or 2 years after they had been sown. Overall, sown plots had 25 times more flowers, 50 times more bumblebees, and 13 times more hoverflies compared to paired control plots. Floral abundance and bee abundance increased from year 1 to year 2, but hoverflies were more abundant in plots in their first year, reflecting their preference for shallow annual flowers. Our data demonstrate that flower‐poor amenity grasslands can be readily converted to flower‐rich areas that are highly attractive to pollinators, providing a simple tool for pollinator conservation in urban areas.
Bayesian inference in non-Markovian state-space models with applications to fractional order systems

Battery impedance spectroscopy models are given by fractional order (FO) differential equations. In the discrete-time domain, they give rise to state-space models where the latent process is not Markovian. Parameter estimation for these models is therefore challenging, especially for non-commensurate FO models. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to identify the parameters of generic FO systems. The computational challenge is tackled with particle Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, with an implementation specifically designed for the non-Markovian setting. The approach is then applied to estimate the parameters of a battery non-commensurate FO equivalent circuit model. Extensive simulations are provided to study the practical identifiability of model parameters and their sensitivity to the choice of prior distributions, the number of observations, the magnitude of the input signal and the measurement noise.
NEW SPECIMENS OF ELPHIDOTARSIUS RUSSELLI (MAMMALIA, ?PRIMATES, CARPOLESTIDAE) AND A REVISION OF PLESIADAPOID RELATIONSHIPS

Abstract Significant new material of the plesiadapiform Elphidotarsius russelli is described from Montana and Alberta. Previously the most poorly documented carpolestid, this species is now known from numerous isolated teeth and many jaw fragments. New material from the Crazy Mountains Basin, Montana substantially extends its known geographic range and shows that E. russelli is the most derived species of Elphidotarsius, with many features that foreshadow characteristics of Carpodaptes; consequently, emending the diagnosis of Elphidotarsius has been necessary. A phylogenetic analysis based on 73 characters scored for all species of Elphidotarsius, Pronothodectes, and Saxonella, as well as Purgatorius unio, Purgatorius janisae, Pandemonium dis, Chronolestes simul, and Carpodaptes hazelae, indicates that Elphidotarsius is a paraphyletic stem taxon at the base of Carpolestidae. Numerous crossing synapomorphies among these taxa show that a single anagenetic lineage can no longer represent the evolution of early carpolestids. This analysis also clarifies basal plesiadapoid relationships. Carpolestidae is the sister taxon to Plesiadapidae, and Saxonellidae is sister group to the carpolestid/plesiadapid clade. Contrary to previous hypotheses, Chronolestes and Pandemonium are found to lie outside of a clade including the other members of Carpolestidae, Saxonellidae, and Plesiadapidae, implying that they are basal plesiadapoids that diverged before the evolution of the common ancestor to the three main plesiadapoid families.
Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria associated with pepper and tomato seed by DNA amplification.

Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria associated with pepper and tomato seed was achieved by amplification of a DNA fragment of the bacterium by the polymerase chain reaction. Oligonucleotide primers specific for the hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) gene cluster were used in the reaction. The method includes extraction of total DNA from buffered seed washings to which sodium ascorbate and insoluble polyvinylpolypyrrolidone were added. The hrp fragments were amplified from the DNA preparations if cells of X. c. pv. vesicatoria were added to seed washes. Identification of an hrp fragment as that from X. c. pv. vesicatoria was attained by restriction enzyme analyses of the amplified fragment. The minimum number of cells that could be detected in washes from pepper or tomato seed was from 10 2 to 10 3 cfu per ml. This was about 1,000 times fewer than the minimum number of cells detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathogen was also detected in washes obtained from several lots of naturally contaminated pepper and tomato seed, one of which contained background bacterial microflora greater than 10 7 cfu per g of seed.
Effects of large or small furnished cages on performance, welfare and egg quality of laying hens

The study investigated the effects of large or small furnished cages on laying hens. Hyline brown hens (n = 360) were placed into three treatments with six replicates: large furnished cages (LFC), small furnished cages (SFC), and conventional cages (CC). The results showed that egg production of hens in the LFC treatment was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in SFC and CC groups. Daily feed intake, feed : egg ratio, egg weight, and proportion of broken eggs and dirty eggs were not affected by cage types. However, Haugh unit and albumen height of the eggs from LFC and SFC hens were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those from the CC hens. Welfare indicators (feather conditions, gait score, and fluctuating asymmetry of tibia length or wing length) in LFC and SFC hens were much better than in CC hens (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the hens in the LFC treatment had lower productivity, higher egg quality and better welfare conditions than those in the SFC and CC treatments.
Zeytinyağı Üretim Atıksularının Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Arıtım Teknolojileri

Zeytinyagi uretim atiksulari; mevsimsel uretim, tesislerin genis arazilere yayilmasi, yuksek organik yuk gibi cesitli faktorlerden dolayi zeytinyagi uretimi yapan Akdeniz Ulkelerinde ciddi bir cevresel problemdir. Bu atiksularin miktari ve kirlilik yuku kullanilan uretim prosesine ve isletim kosullarina bagli olarak degismektedir. Organik madde, askida kati madde, yag ve gres icerikleri oldukca yuksektir. Yuksek organik madde ve toksik maddeler icermesi, sezonluk uretim yapilmasi ve uretim sezonunun birkac ay devam etmesi bu atiksularin aritimini zorlastirmaktadir. Cevreye desarj edilen aritilmamis veya yetersiz sekilde aritilmis zeytinyagi uretim atiksulari cevre uzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olmaktadir. Cevre uzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini onlemek ve yuksek kirlilik iceren bu atiksulari aritmak icin pek cok aritma yontemi arastirilmis ve gelistirilmistir. Bu calismada zeytinyagi uretim atiksularin aritimi uzerine yapilan calismalar incelenmistir. Literatur isiginda zeytinyagi uretim prosesleri, uretim sonrasinda olusan atiksuyun bilesimi ve bu atiksularin cevresel etkileri sunulmus ve atiksu aritiminda kullanilan biyolojik, fizikokimyasal ve ileri oksidasyon yontemleri derlenmistir.
Rapid Formation of Reproductive Isolation between Two Populations of Side-Blotched Lizards, Uta stansburiana

Determining the factors that give rise to reproductive isolation is critical for understanding how species form. Observing reproductive isolation between closely related populations is especially interesting because it can show the factors initially involved in species formation. We studied two phenotypically different populations of Side-Blotched Lizards (Uta stansburiana), which diverged less than 22,500 years ago according to geologic evidence. The lava flow population has dark dorsal coloration for crypsis and is dimorphic for throat coloration used for signaling male mating type. The off-lava population has light dorsal coloration and is trimorphic for throat coloration. We tested whether there was reproductive isolation between these two populations in order to understand the factors that maintain the phenotypic differences between these populations. Our genetic crosses revealed evidence of reproductive incompatibilities because females from the dimorphic lava population produced fewer fertilized eggs and more unfertilized eggs when mated outside their population. In addition, male morphs varied in their reproductive compatibility because females from both populations produced fewer fertilized eggs and fewer clutches with orange-throated males from outside their population. The reproductive incompatibilities observed between the populations suggest that cryptic female choice of sperm may act as a post-mating, prezygotic barrier that contributes to the rapid formation of new species.
Use of Probiotic Bacteria to Suppress Colletotrichum Acutatum Infections and Improve Chilli Seeds (Capsicum Annuum L.) Quality During Storage

This study aimed to obtain probiotic bacteria nthat are antagonistic bacteria to Colletotrichum acutatum and to improve chilli seeds quality. The purpose of this study was to obtain probiotic bacteria antagonistic to C. acutatum and prevent seed-borne diseases. The layout of the experiment arranged in completely randomized design factorial design with two factors. The first factor is the seed coating that consists of 6 levels i.e control / without coating (c0), coating without bacteria (c1), coating Bacillus sp. (c2), coating Pseudomonas sp. (c3), coating Actinomycetes sp. (c4) and fungicidal coating (c5). The second factor is the storage period is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months.nThe results showed that three bacteria that are antagonistic to C. acutatum, i.e.Actinomycetes sp. (ATS6) having inhibition percentage of56, 8%, Bacillus sp. (B48) having inhibition percentage 56,7% and Pseudomonas sp. (P12) having inhibition percentage 46,7%. Application of probiotic bacteria increased viability and the health of chilli seed for storage period of 5 months, seen from maximum growth potential 80-84%, germination capacity 76-78,7%, infected seeds in coating of Actinomycetes sp. , 2,6% and Bacillus sp. , 6,7%. Bacillus sp. contained 91,8 ppm indole acetic acid (IAA) and 103,2 ppm giberelins (GA3), Actinomycetes sp. contained 89,6 ppm IAA and 92,5 ppm giberelin and Pseudomonas sp. contained 68,9 ppm IAA and 69,2 ppm giberelin. ©2016 Published by Savana Cendana.
Proposed Minimal Standards for the Description of New Genera and Species of Root- and Stem-Nodulating Bacteria

Since the first volume of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology was published, in 1984, two additional genera and several new species of stem- and root-nodulating bacteria have been proposed; further changes to the taxonomy of this group of organisms appear likely. This paper briefly reviews the current status of “Rhizobium” taxonomy and proposes minimal standards for the description of future genera and species belonging to this group of organisms.
Estimation and Correction of Seed Recovery Bias from Moist-Soil Cores

ABSTRACT Scientists estimate seed abundances to calculate seasonal carrying capacities and assess wetland management actions for waterfowl and other wildlife using soil core samples. We evaluated recovery of known quantities of moist-soil seeds from whole and subsampled experimental core samples containing 12 seed taxa representing small, medium, and large size classes. We recovered 86.3% (SE = 1.8) of all seeds added to experimental cores; 8.3% (SE = 1.2) of seeds were destroyed during the sieving process and 5.4% (SE = 1.2) were not recovered by observers. Recovery rates varied by seed size, but not seed quantity or disproportionate ratios of seed-size classes. Overall seed recovery rates were similar between subsampled ( = 81.2%, SE = 3.6) and whole—processed core samples ( = 86.3%, SE = 1.8). We used recovery rates to generate size-specific, taxon-specific, and constant correction factors and applied each to actual core sample data. Size-specific correction factors increased seed mass estimates in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley ( = 10.1%, SE = 0.32), upper Midwest ( = 21.2%, SE = 0.61), and both regions combined ( = 15.7%, SE = 0.51) differently, as seed composition in core samples varied regionally. We suggest scientists consider using size-specific correction factors to account for seed recovery bias in core samples because these factors may be applied to a variety of taxa and produced similar mass estimates as taxon-specific correction factors. However, if data from core samples are unavailable at the resolution of seed size classes, we suggest increasing seed mass estimates by 16% to account for seed recovery bias.
Amino Acid Pairs Sensitive to Variants in Human Collagen alpha1(I) Chain Precursor

In this data-based theoretical analysis, we use our random approach to analyse amino acid pairs in human collagen α 1(I) chain precursor (CA11) in order to determine which amino acid pairs are more sensitive to 95 variants with missense mutant in human CA11 protein. The rationale of this study is based on our hypothesis and previous findings that harmful variance is more likely to occur at randomly unpredictable amino acid pair position rather than at randomly predictable positions. This is reasonable to argue that the randomly predictable amino acid pairs are less likely to be deliberately evolved, whereas the randomly unpredictable amino acid pairs are probably deliberately evolved in connection with protein function. The results show that all of 95 variants occurred at randomly unpredictable amino acid pairs and the chance of a variant occurring is markedly higher in randomly unpredictable amino acid pairs than in predictable ones. Thus, the randomly unpredictable amino acid pairs are more sensitive to variance in human CA11 protein. Also the results suggest that the human CA11 protein has a natural tendency towards variants.