Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Atlas-Based Segmentation of NISSL Stained Mouse Brain Sections Using Convolutional Neural Network

In this paper, we focus on segmenting NISSL stained mouse brain images into main brain regions grey (cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum), fiber tracts, and ventricular systems. We feed mouse brain experimental slices acquired by the biology department and mouse brain reference slices from Allen Brain Institute into a fully convolutional neural network which is capaable of producing per-pixel predictions for each image. The neural nets generates a label for each pixel. We experimented on the reference mouse brain atlas from Allen Brain Institute and experimental images from the biology department at Stanford University. We achieved 96.1% accuracy on test atlas slices and 92.1% accuracy on the test experimental slcies. The work can be potentially extended to the automatic segmentation of more salient features that neuroscientists use to determine finer brain regions in an attempt to facilitate the manual brain annotation process.
Using Fuzzy Logic to reduce power consumption of notebooks

The purpose of this research is to use an FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) to manage the power consumption of a notebook or an UMPC (Ultra Mobile PC). The FLC not only controls the LCD backlight and the speed of the fan to reduce the power consumption but also lengthens the battery recharge cycle. The EC (Embedded Controller) in a notebook is a device to assist the onboard power management system which consists of the cooling fan, the keyboard, the LCD backlight brightness and the battery recharging function. This research focuses on two parts: (1) an EC controlled by assembly language and (2) an FLC controlled by high-level language (VC++, Matlab). These two parts cooperate to control the backlight brightness and the speed of the cooling fan, by using the fuzzy control rule as a replacement the traditional method. The fan speed is controlled by the CPU to maintain a constant temperature. The LCD backlight brightness which is based on the keystroke frequency or the touchpad is adjusted by using the FLC.
Impulse voltage distribution and frequency response of intershield windings

Impulse voltage distributions in continuous disk windings are nonlinear, due to the small series capacitance of the winding. Consequently, transformer manufacturers often design large power transformers with interleaved windings to increase series capacitance, but in doing so reduce the value of the initial impulse voltage distribution coefficient α given by α = √(Cg/Cs), (1) where Cg is the shunt capacitance and Cs is the series capacitance of the winding. Sometimes fully interleaved windings are employed because they are more reliable, ensuring that the transformer will operate properly under lightning strike. However, fully interleaved windings require longer assembly times, and manual welding is necessary. Manufacturers have therefore been using series combinations of continuous and interleaved windings, known as multiple-α type windings [1]. However, this approach also has disadvantages, e.g., the design and analysis of performance under normal and abnormal transient conditions are complicated, and the impedances of continuous disks differ from those of interleaved disks [2], causing reflection of surge traveling waves at connection points. Transformer designers may therefore have to adjust inter-disk distances and repeat transient simulation studies several times, to find an optimum arrangement. Intershield winding (IW), sometimes called electrostatic-shield disk type winding, is another option for designers and manufacturers of high voltage transformers.
Activation‐induced NKT cell hyporesponsiveness protects from α‐galactosylceramide hepatitis and is independent of active transregulatory factors

NK T (NKT) cells, unique lymphocytes expressing features of NK and T lymphocytes, can specifically be activated with the glycolipid antigen α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer). In humans and mice, this activation provokes pronounced cytokine responses. In C57BL/6 mice, α‐GalCer injection additionally induces NKT‐mediated liver injury, representing a model for immune‐mediated hepatitis in humans. However, a single α‐GalCer pretreatment of mice prevented NKT‐mediated liver injury, cytokine responses (systemically and locally in the liver), and up‐regulation of hepatocellular Fas upon α‐GalCer rechallenge. As α‐GalCer is used as a NKT cell‐activating agent in clinical trials, an investigation of tolerance induction appears crucial. We demonstrate that α‐GalCer tolerance does not depend on Kupffer cells, IL‐10, Caspase‐3‐mediated apoptosis, or CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), which are crucial in other models of immunological tolerance. Amending relevant, earlier approaches of others, we cocultivated highly purified, nontolerized and tolerized liver NKT cells ex vivo and could convincingly exclude the relevance of transdominant NKT Tregs. These results strongly suggest α‐GalCer‐induced tolerance to be exclusively caused by NKT cell intrinsic hyporesponsiveness. Tolerized mice showed specific diminishment of the intrahepatic CD4+ NKT cell subpopulation, with the CD4− population largely unaffected, and revealed down‐modulation of α‐GalCer‐specific TCR and the NKT costimulator glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR‐related protein on liver NKT cells, whereas inhibitory Ly49I was increased. In conclusion, α‐GalCer tolerance could serve as a model for the frequently observed NKT cell hyporesponsiveness in tumor patients and might help to develop strategies for their reactivation. Conversely, approaches to render NKT cells hyporesponsive may constitute new therapeutic strategies for diseases, where aberrant NKT cell activation is causally involved.
Designing and evaluating a smart cow monitoring system from a techno-economic perspective

Currently, precision dairy-monitoring technologies (PDMT) are gaining interest. These systems allow to monitor cow health, the time for insemination, and the birthing process. Doing so, they have the potential to reduce labor and management costs whilst increasing milk yield. Continuous innovations in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) have opened many new opportunities for monitoring animals and have been speeding up the development of PDMT systems. When designing an IoT-system, often various technological alternatives are available (e.g. communication technologies, types of sensors). Although this choice set can be narrowed down by mapping the functional and technical requirements on the technical specifications of the technologies, chances are that even after this step multiple alternatives are still feasible. In this work, we describe an IoT-system design methodology that also takes into account strategic and economic considerations. As a result, the choice set of feasible technologies can be limited to feasible alternatives that are also the most economic and strategic choices. In addition we describe how the total added value of such a PDMT can be quantified from the perspective of a dairy farmer. Applying this quantification methodology on the described PDMT system indicates an annual reduction of 250 EUR per cow for dairy management costs.
A Multi-Agent Architecture of Health Monitoring system for Long-Span Bridge

The agent technology is an intelligent technology for software and hardware that can act on behalf of a client, which is capable of perceiving its environment and carrying out goaloriented action. Therefore, to resolve the real-time, intelligent, as well as issues such as synergy for long-span bridge health monitoring, a three hierarchical model based on multi-agent technology for long-span bridge health monitoring system was proposed in the paper, and the function of each hierarchy was defined, which provide a guideline for the implementation of long-span bridge health monitoring system. Keywordsmulti-agent; long-span bridge; health monitoring system
The use of inverse dynamics solutions in direct dynamics simulations.

Previous attempts to use inverse dynamics solutions in direct dynamics simulations have failed to replicate the input data of the inverse dynamics problem. Measurement and derivative estimation error, different inverse dynamics and direct dynamics models, and numerical integration error have all been suggested as possible causes of inverse dynamics simulation failure. However, using a biomechanical model of the type typically used in gait analysis applications for inverse dynamics calculations of joint moments, we produce a direct dynamics simulation that exactly matches the measured movement pattern used as input to the inverse dynamic problem. This example of successful inverse dynamics simulation demonstrates that although different inverse dynamics and direct dynamics models may lead to inverse dynamics simulation failure, measurement and derivative estimation error do not. In addition, inverse dynamics simulation failure due to numerical integration errors can be avoided. Further, we demonstrate that insufficient control signal dimensionality (i.e., freedom of the control signals to take on different "shapes"), a previously unrecognized cause of inverse dynamics simulation failure, will cause inverse dynamics simulation failure even with a perfect model and perfect data, regardless of sampling frequency.
Controlador con medición de bajo costo aplicado a correctores de factor de potencia

Power factor correctors with dual-boost topology (PFC-DBs) are very efficient. They have less conduction losses than those using a conventional boost (PFC-BC) topology. In order to control PFC-DBs input voltage and current measurements are usually needed, but measuring these signals is difficult and relatively expensive when the controller is implemented with commercial integrated circuits. This is because the ground is not shared by the input and output circuits. On the contrary, in the PFC-BC topology the ground is shared by the input and output circuits. Then, the voltage and current signals required to perform the control can be measured through resistors connected to the same ground. In PFC-DBs controllers, the measurement circuits are complex and increase the cost of the system. This is an important disadvantage. In order to overcome this drawback, in this paper, a controller with a cheaper and rugged measurement hardware is proposed. The proposed circuit can be used in both topologies (i.e. PFC-DB and PFC-BC). This controller does not require the measurement of the input voltage, and uses the dc bus current instead of the input current. This current can be measured with a simple resistor connected to the ground shared by the input and output circuits. The proposal is promising for its low cost, simplicity and performance. Experimental results obtained in a laboratory prototype are included.
A Framework for Requirements Prioritisation Process in an Agile Software Development Environment: Empirical Study

User requirements are in high demand due to advancements of technology and business needs. Therefore it is extremely difficult to achieve user requirements at one single time. Agile methods have been introduced to mitigate such issues by implementing user requirements incrementally and iteratively. The top significant aspect in agile development is selecting a group of prominent requirements to be implemented in iteration. This could be derived from continuous requirements prioritisation (RP). To assign which requirements should be selected by practitioners is considered one of the obstacles faced in the process of implementing the inter-iteration period. This study aimed to identify the RP elements and factors that should be considered through the RP process in agile software development. The elements and factors were identified through a review of previous studies and in-depth interviews involving 18 agile practitioners from different software development organizations in different countries (i.e., Malaysia and Jordan), over a period of 2 years. To get the best result, the data is analyzed by using grounded theory techniques (Open, Axial and Selective coding). The elements and factors from the RP process will guide practitioners to an effective RP process that can produce high quality requirements, which are expected to meet the needs of the intended users.
The GTPase Rab4 Interacts with Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion Membrane Protein CT229

ABSTRACT Chlamydiae, which are obligate intracellular bacteria, replicate in a nonlysosomal vacuole, termed an inclusion. Although neither the host nor the chlamydial proteins that mediate the intracellular trafficking of the inclusion have been clearly identified, several enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Rab GTPases, including Rab4A, are recruited to chlamydial inclusions. GFP-Rab4A associates with inclusions in a species-independent fashion by 2 h postinfection by mechanisms that have not yet been elucidated. To test whether chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) recruit Rab4 to the inclusion, we screened a collection of chlamydial Incs for their ability to interact with Rab4A by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. From our analysis, we identified a specific interaction between Rab4A and Chlamydia trachomatis Inc CT229, which is expressed during the initial stages of infection. CT229 interacts with only wild-type Rab4A and the constitutively active GTPase-deficient Rab4AQ67L but not with the dominant-negative GDP-restricted Rab4AS22N mutant. To confirm the interaction between CT229 and Rab4A, we demonstrated that DsRed-CT229 colocalized with GFP-Rab4A in HeLa cells and more importantly wild-type and constitutively active GFP-Rab4A colocalized with CT229 at the inclusion membrane in C. trachomatis serovar L2-infected HeLa cells. Taken together, these data suggest that CT229 interacts with and recruits Rab4A to the inclusion membrane and therefore may play a role in regulating the intracellular trafficking or fusogenicity of the chlamydial inclusion.
Infantile pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis: a lethal form of pulmonary hypertension

Abstract We describe the cases of two children who both presented in infancy with recurrent severe pulmonary hypertensive crises. Exhaustive clinical work-up failed to identify an underlying aetiology. The patients had no clinical response to steroids, immunoglobulins, or pulmonary vasodilators. Post-mortem examination revealed extensive invasive pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis. There was no evidence of pulmonary venous occlusive disease. Given the lethal nature of this condition, early consideration of referral to a lung transplant centre should be considered in selected patients.
Phase-Change Memory Devices Operative at 100 $^{\circ} \hbox{C}$

Phase-change memory (PCM), although promising operative at room temperature, is struggling to achieve ten-year data retention over 100°C. We disclose here that a PCM device made of the composition Ga<sub>25</sub>Te<sub>8</sub>Sb<sub>67</sub> exhibits normal operation at 100°C for an endurance of at least 3 × 10<sup>5</sup> cycles. At room temperature, the endurance is at least 5 × 10<sup>6</sup> cycles. The set-reset speed of the devices reaches 20 ns, and the reset current is around 20% less than that of our reference test cells made of the benchmark Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub>.
Primary pulmonary spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescent : a case report and review of literatures

Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (SRMS) is a rare and new type of rhabdomyosarcoma. SRMS in lung is extremely rarely. Here we report on a first explicit case of SRMS in lungs of a 13-year-old girl. Macroscopic examination showed a tumor (65 mm×17 mm×9 mm) with a solid gray-white cut surface which displays invasive growth but was well-circumscribed. Histologically, tumor cells were formed with spindle to round cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and fascicular, storiform, wavy appearance. Horizontal grain structure and striated muscle brood cells were observed in some cells or local regions. A small amount of collagen fibers were observed in the mesenchyme. The nucleus was long or wavy with nuclear heteromorphosis. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were stained diffusely positive for muscle specific actin, desmin, and vimentin, scattered positive for myogenin, MyoD1 and myoglobin. According to the examination results, this case was diagnosed as SRMS. Then the tumor was completely excised with a part of lung tissues, and additional chemotherapy was given.
Under use of necessary care among cancer survivors

Comorbid conditions are the major threat to life for many cancer survivors, yet little is known about the quality of the noncancer‐related health care they receive. The authors analyzed the Medicare claims of 14,884 Medicare‐eligible, 5‐year colorectal carcinoma survivors who were diagnosed initially while they lived in a region monitored by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and compared them with matched controls who had no history of cancer drawn from the Medicare 5% sample. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, cancer survivorship was associated with an increased likelihood of not receiving recommended care across a broad range of chronic medical conditions (odds ratio, 1.19, 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.27). For example, colorectal carcinoma survivors were less likely than controls to receive appropriate follow‐up for heart failure, necessary diabetic care, or recommended preventive services. Having both primary care physicians and oncologists involved in follow‐up appeared to ameliorate this effect significantly. African‐American, poor, and elderly patients were less likely to receive necessary care in both groups. Whether it was due to patient factors, physician factors, or both, cancer survivors appear to be a vulnerable patient population, because their cancer diagnosis may shift attention away from important noncancer problems and providers. In addition, there may be lack of clarity around the relative roles primary care and specialist physicians will play in a survivor's care. Special attention and education are needed to ensure that survivors receive optimal medical services. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Wnt Regulates TERT—Putting the Horse Before the Cart

A cell signaling pathway that controls self-renewal also regulates telomerase activity. Maintaining the length of telomeres—the ends of chromosomes—is essential for all cells that divide many times. The enzyme telomerase lengthens these ends, counterbalancing their shortening that occurs each time chromosomes are copied. Telomerase is essential for cell viability, and loss of its function from the loss of only one of two copies of the encoding gene can lead to the failure of stem cell renewal that is seen in premature aging conditions such as dyskeratosis congenita, aplastic anemia, and pulmonary fibrosis (1). Conversely, telomerase activity is increased in many cancers and may be required for cancer cells to maintain their telomere length (2). On page 1549 in this issue, Hoffmeyer et al. (3) show that a cell signaling pathway known to play a prominent role in development, stem cell renewal, and cancer (4)—the canonical Wnt pathway—also regulates the expression of telomerase.
Can a Tool Learn its Own Settings ?

In the field of model checking, a number of tools has been developed. LTSmin, created at the Formal Methods and Tools group of the University of Twente, is a collection of such tools. While these tools are very useful for verifying the correctness of software and/or physical systems, they have a large number of switches and settings to choose from. The many settings have a significant impact on performance, and the choice of settings to use for any particular problem can be difficult to make. This paper explores the possibility of statically analysing the structure of model checking problems in order to predict whether or not Partial Order Reduction would be an effective way of limiting the time and memory required to solve queries. Surprisingly little correlation was found between certain structural properties and benchmark results, but nevertheless a tool has been developed which can offer reasonable advice.
Adaptive Markets Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence from Montenegro Equity Market

Abstract In this paper we examined adaptive markets hypothesis (AMH) using three factors we assumed that affect weak-form of market efficiency: observation period, time horizon represented by rolling window sizes and data aggregation level. We have analyzed market value weighted index MONEX20, which is proxy from Montenegro equity market, over 2004-2011 period. Rolling window analysis with fixed parameter in each window is employed to measure the persistence of deviations from a random walk hypothesis (RWH) over time. Actually, using rolling sample approach we checked whether short-range linear dependence is varying over time. This method was applied on the first order serial autocorrelation coefficients (AC1), as well as on runs test, since evidence on non-normality properties of MONEX20 suggests using non-parametric test. The evidence was found that all three factors impact degree of weak-form Montenegro equity market efficiency which has serious consequences on profit opportunities over time on this market.
Enhancement of Chaotic Signal Bandwidth in VCSELs Induced by Polarized Optical Injection

In this paper, we present a theoretical study of bandwidths of broadband chaotic signals generated by a single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subjected to optical injection and feedback. Both parallel and orthogonal optical injections are considered. Bandwidths of the linearly polarized and total signals are analyzed for different values of the linear dichroism and frequency of the injected field. For the case of parallel optical injection, our results are in agreement with recent experimental results of Hong et al. Both linear polarizations are excited when orthogonal optical injection is considered. In this case, the dependence of the orthogonal polarization bandwidth on the frequency detuning is similar to that found in the case of parallel injection. We also predict that the selection of the orthogonal polarization can give a much larger value of the chaotic bandwidth than that obtained in the total emitted power.
Cervical cancer screening overuse and underuse: patient and physician factors.

OBJECTIVES Despite recommendations for triennial cervical cancer screening for low-risk women 30 years and older, annual screening remains common. We studied how often women receiving care from an academically affiliated medical group were screened, and patient and provider factors associated with overuse and underuse. We also explored the impact of changing measurement intervals on computed screening frequency. DESIGN The study included women 30 years and older continuously enrolled over a 3-year period and excluded women with history of abnormal screening and conditions of high risk for cervical cancer. METHODS Administrative and laboratory data were merged to link Papanicolaou (pap) test results with patient and ordering provider characteristics. We used logistic regression to analyze multivariate models for overuse and underuse, and modified measurement intervals to test sensitivity to early and late pap smears. RESULTS The 8018 women had a mean age of 48years and 95% had an ambulatory physician visit during the observation period. Thirty-four percent of women received guideline-based screening, 45% had overuse, and 21% had underuse. Factors independently associated with overuse included younger age, more medical visits, contraceptive management visits, and gynecology provider specialty. Underuse was associated with older age, fewer medical visits, and increased comorbidity.Overuse was 47% if unsatisfactory paps were not considered and was reduced to 35% if the observation interval was reduced from 36 to 30 months. CONCLUSIONS Overuse and underuse of cervical cancer screening are common and clinician and patient factors are identifiable to target quality improvement interventions. Modifying the measurement interval may improve the measure.