Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Evidence on the Effects of Dependent Coverage Mandates

I provide new evidence on the eﬀects of state and the ACA dependent mandates by compiling original legal data on the timing and content of initial state adoption of these laws during the 1980s to present. Using this data, I show mandates led to a large and robust increase in young adult insurance coverage and leads to signiﬁcant diﬀerences when replicating prior work. I ﬁnd supporting evidence that most of the ACAs impact came from self-insured ﬁrms adhering to the federal mandate. Mandates led to increased educational attainment, decreased the likelihood of having a child in the past year and aﬀected labor supply decisions of young adults.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON SERVICE QUALITY INHENMALA ECOTOURISM PROJECT

Eco-tourism draws heavily from the local community and their culture, and in many instances results in economic development in the area. It tries to develop the entire area surrounding the area of ecological interest, so that individuals living there and the tourists also benefit. It draws from the local population familiar with the area itself for employment purposes. It also provides alternate livelihood opportunities for the locals. Customer satisfaction is a key component in ensuring sustainability of a tourism enterprise. Customer satisfaction is a measure of how the products/ services of a company meet or surpass a customer’s expectations. The study initially reviews the concept and dimensions of service quality, and the impact of servicequality in tourism and customer satisfaction.
Range extension for the Perentie, Varanus giganteus (Squamata: Varanidae)

Three recent sightings of Varanus giganteus increase its recorded geographical distribution in a southwesterly direction. These sightings may represent previously unrecorded populations, indicate a range extension, or in one instance a translocation. If these are disjunct populations from the published distribution to the north-east, then there may be a strong case for affording special protection to their habitat to protect these populations.
Transcendence : Encapsulating an Interconnectedness between Culture of Peace and PersonalPower towards an Enlightened Citizenry

Tracing back the Bygone Era where the world was in chaos, nations were being divided by factions in terms of ideology, religion, social injustice , hatred in a continuous battle of supremacy. People is being governed by mediocrity and discordant values , it was indeed a herculean struggle to achieve harmony among people and nations. Every citizen in the world finds different avenues to prevent a culture of inequality and puppetry where people are being used because of their weakness, ignorance and powerlessness. This presentation is a guide to every individuals who can be an agent or catalyst of change to attain social harmony and enrich their personal power against self – aggrandizement with respect to their rights, freedom and uphold equality and justice.
VARIABILITY OF PYRENOPHORA TERES f. TERES IN HUNGARY AS REVEALED BY MATING TYPE AND RAPD ANALYSES

This study was conducted to investigate for the first time the genetic variability among Hungarian isolates of P. teres f. teres, the causal agent of the net form of net blotch of barley. A total of 68 monoconidial isolates were tested for mating type (MAT) and RAPD profiles using a MAT-specific PCR assay and 30 random decamer primers, respectively. Isolates were derived from symptomatic leaves of barley sampled in commercial fields and experimental plots of four geographical regions from 2006-2010. In total, 29 MAT1 and 39 MAT2 cultures were identified. Both mating types were found on different spatial scales, i.e. the same leaf, the same field or geographical region, and across several years, indicating the potential for sexual reproduction. Of the 188 distinct RAPD bands 171 were polymorphic. All isolates exhibited unique RAPD patterns. UPGMA clustering revealed four main isolate groups, but no general correlation between clusters and mating type or geographical origin of the isolates was detected. Nei's gene diversity analysis showed that genetic diversity within sampling units accounted for most of the total genetic diversity, while that between sampling units represented a small proportion of the total diversity. Genetic differentiation was not observed between MAT1 and MAT2 isolates. Although a low level of allelic differentiation was obtained according to field type (commercial vs. experimental) and geographical origin of the isolates, both UPGMA clustering of multilocus RAPD haplotypes and Nei's gene diversity analysis supported the view that seasonal changes had the greatest effect on the genetic divergence of isolates.
Candy consumption in the United States

This study was conducted to better understand consumption of candy in the US. Using data reported in NHANES, candy intake was estimated as (1) the usual number of total candy eating occasions (EO) based on the combined daily frequency of chocolate and other candy intake over the previous 12 mo, and (2) the usual amount of candy consumed per day based on frequency of candy intake in combination with amounts consumed per EO. The mean frequency of candy intake was 0.38 EO/d, with 35.5% consuming candy infrequently (≤ 3 EO/mo), 37.1% consuming with moderate frequency (> 3 EO/mo and ≤ 3.5 EO/wk), and 27.4% with frequent intake (> 3.5 EO/wk). Usual intake of candy was estimated at 11.5 g/d at the mean and 4.8 g/d at the median; mean usual intakes of candy by tertile of consumption were 1.0, 5.3, and 28.1 g/d, respectively. There was no association between frequency of candy intake and amount per EO on days of chocolate or other candy consumption. Mean candy intake in NHANES 2003–06 was compared to intake in NHANES 2007–08 based on 1 day of recall; intake did not differ (37.7 ± 1.3 vs. 40.4 ± 1.9 g/d, p=0.24). Based on 2010 US sales and market data from The Futures Company, NPD and IRS, candy intake averaged 2 EO/wk. These estimates of candy consumption suggest that candy intake has remained relatively stable and provide insight into the role of candy in dietary patterns of the US population. Supported by the National Confectioners Association.
Crystal structure of the ? repressor C-terminal domain octamer1

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of the λ repressor C-terminal domain (CTD) has been determined at atomic resolution. In the crystal, the CTD forms a 2-fold symmetric tetramer that mediates cooperative binding of two repressor dimers to pairs of operator sites. Based upon this structure, a model was proposed for the structure of an octameric repressor that forms both in the presence and absence of DNA. Here, we have determined the structure of the λ repressor CTD in three new crystal forms, under a wide variety of conditions. All crystals have essentially the same tetramer, confirming the results of the earlier study. One crystal form has two tetramers bound to form an octamer, which has the same overall architecture as the previously proposed model. An unexpected feature of the octamer in the crystal structure is a unique interaction at the tetramer-tetramer interface, formed by residues Gln209, Tyr210 and Pro211, which contact symmetry-equivalent residues from other subunits of the octamer. Interestingly, these residues are also located at the dimer-dimer interface, where the specific interactions are different. The structures thus indicate specific amino acid residues that, at least in principle, when altered could result in repressors that form tetramers but not octamers.
The Influence of the General Allocation Fund, a Fund for the Results and Fiscal Independence Against GDP Government Regency/City in South Sumatera 2011-2016 Year

: This research aims to know the influence of the General Allocation Fund (DAU), funds for results (DBH) and Fiscal Independence (KF) against GDP Government district/city in South Sumatra Province year 2011-2016. The scope of this study discusses the condition of the General Allocation Fund (DAU), funds for results (DBH), Fiscal Independence (KF) and GDP. This research is focused on the regency/city Governments in South Sumatera 2011-2016 Year. The population of this research is the entire Government regency/city in South Sumatra Province. The sample of this research is a local government regency/city in South Sumatra Province from the years 2010-2016. Selection criteria samples in this research is a regency/city in South Sumatra Province which have entered the national realization of report data at the site of the Directorate General of Financial Equalization of local Government on a regular basis from the year 2011-2016. The methods used to collect data in this research is a method of documentation, i.e. by way of collecting, recording, and secondary data review Report in the form of realization of a grant obtained from the website of the Directorate General of Financial Equalization The Local Government. From the report it budget-realization obtained data on the number of General Allocation Fund, a Fund for the results. Gross Regional Domestic Product data (GDP) Per Capita is obtained from the Central Bureau of statistics (BPS) South Sumatra provinces from the year 2011-2016 as for the fiscal independence of the data obtained from the ratio of the total admissions area taking action against PAD. The data analysis techniques in the study of linear multiple regression analysis with SPSS uses panel data. The research found that DAU does not affect GDP, DBH did not have an effect on GDP and GDP effect on KF.
Analysis of weak interactions in P450 systems

Many methods are used for screening/characterisation of strong protein-protein interactions (PPIs), but there has been slow progress in understanding weak PPIs due to technical difficulties. In this thesis, combined biophysical and structural approaches were used to study weak PPIs in a model cytochrome P450 (P450) system. P450s are biotechnologically important heme-binding oxidase enzymes involved in lipid, steroid and drug metabolism. Bacillus megaterium P450 BM3 (BM3) was used as a model. BM3 is a high activity P450 with its redox partner (an FAD- and FMN-binding reductase) linked to the P450 in a single polypeptide. Genetic dissection enabled generation of individual P450 (BMP) and P450 reductase (BMR) domains, as well as separate FAD- and FMN-binding domains. Preliminary work on BM3, BMP and BMR used equilibrium optical binding and showed blue (type I) heme Soret band shifts with substrates (N-palmitoylglycine, lauric acid), and red (type II) shifts with inhibitors (imidazole, 4-phenyl imidazole), consistent with typical P450 behaviour. Steady-state kinetic catalytic efficiency of BM3 in reducing cytochrome c was higher than for BMR, suggesting that BMP promotes interactions between BMR/cytochrome c. Interactions between BMP/BMR domains were studied by examining NADPH-dependent electron transfer (e.t.) rate between these domains using stopped-flow absorption spectroscopy, and across a range of ionic strengths. The inter-domain e.t. rate in the reconstituted system was ~1000-fold less than in intact BM3. Elevated ionic strength decreased the e.t. rate in both systems, and particularly for the reconstituted domains. Slow BMP reduction by NADPH in absence of BMR was also observed over longer time scales.Biophysical methods were used in quaternary structural characterization of BM3 and its domains. BM3 reversibly dimerizes (mostly stabilized by electrostatic interactions) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.29 �M. Reversible dimerization was also seen for BMR, but with a weaker Kd than BM3. The FAD domain is near-fully dimerized most likely due to intermolecular disulphide bonds, while FMN and heme domains are monomers. Results indicate that BMR domain interactions regulate BM3 dimerization. The BM3 shape is compact and globular, BMR is compact and ellipsoidal, and the FAD domain is globular with extended ends. Differences between FAD domain crystal and solution structures suggest conformational differences possibly due to disulphide bonds stabilizing solution dimer. 6 different BMR conformations were obtained by rigid body modelling, all showing that BMR exists in an ? open? conformation with respect to orientation of its FAD and FMN domains.
Microbial phytase supplementation for improving availability of plant phosphorus in the diet of the growing pigs.

The effect of a phytase supplement produced by Aspergillus niger on phytinphosphorus availability for pigs on phytase deficient maize-soybean meal diets was measured in two digestibility and balance experiments involving twelve growing pigs. Apparent digestibility of P in diets without inorganic-P supplementation or with low addition (0.18 of total P) was significantly lower than in the control diets (0.16 and 0.23 vs. 0.42; P<0.01), respectively. Phytase supplementation improved P digestibility (P<0.01) such that plant-P digestibility (0.40 and 0.28) rose to the same level as the control diet. P retention was also increased significantly by phytase supplementation. Calcium digestibility and retention were higher in phytase treated diets. Due to its effect on phytate-P availability, phytase treatment of feedstuffs allows a greater proportion on the pig’s P requirement to be met by P of plant origin. Index words: phytase, phosphorus, minerals, digestibility, availability, pig.
ESTUDIO DE FITNESS LANDSCAPES EN PROBLEMAS DE SINTONIZACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS MEDIANTE REDES DE ÓPTIMOS LOCALES

Abstract— The design of meta-heuristic has demonstrated to be a very useful tool in optimization, but to reach the best performance it’s important to consider and have in mind the values of the parameters. The tuning parameter turns out to be a process that it consumes a lot of time; to realize contributions that help to improve this field is not irrelevant. An area without studying is how the algorithms of tuning work on the space of search. In this work, an approach based on local optima networks (LONs) is presented, to study the fitness landscapes of two algorithms of tuning chosen. After obtaining the networks for every algorithm by metrics and visualization, a comparison is made between the results obtained on the fitness landscapes of each one. The design of meta-heuristic has demonstrated to be a very useful tool in optimization, but to reach the best performance it’s important to consider and have in mind the values of the parameters. The tuning parameter turns out to be a process that it consumes a lot of time; to realize contributions that help to improve this field is not irrelevant. An area without studying is how the algorithms of tuning work on the space of search. In this work, an approach based on local optima networks (LONs) is presented, to study the fitness landscapes of two algorithms of tuning chosen. After obtaining the networks for every algorithm by metrics and visualization, a comparison is made between the results obtained on the fitness landscapes of each one. Keywords— Fitness landscapes, Parameter tuning, local optima network, ParamILS, Evoca.
Neurophyseta (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) de Costa Rica

El genero Neurophyseta Hampson es redescrito y se reconocen dieciocho especies para Costa Rica: albinalis Hampson; arcuatalis Hampson; conantia sp . nov. ; clymenalis (Walker); cyclicalis Schaus; debalis (Druce) ; jessica sp. nov. ; marin s p . nov. ; mollitalis (Schaus); pomperialis (Oruce); purifactalis (Oyar) ; randalis (Oruce) ; renata sp. nov. ; rufalis Hampson ; sittenfelda sp . nov. ; turrialbalis Schaus; villarda sp. nov. yzobeida s p . nov. Se incluye una clave para la identificacion de las especies y una traduccion al ingles de los caracteres diagnosticos del genero, de las nuevas especies y de la clave.
Characterization of three spot, a mutation that disrupts germ cell migration of Drosophila melanogaster

During embryonic development, the somatic gonad precursors become populated by the primordial germ cells. While many genes have been identified, the highly regulated process of germ cell migration across the primordial midgut epithelium is not well characterized. Here, we describe three spot (tspt), a gene which interacts with tre1 during cross-epithelial migration. The tspt mutant was created in an EMS mutagenesis screen performed previously (COFFMAN et al. 2002). Embryos from tspt mothers (referred to as tspt embryos in this paper) appear to exhibit restricted germ cell migration through the posterior midgut, resulting in a population of germ cells that remain associated with the endoderm through stage 16. We show that tspt is a maternally required migration gene, as well as a temperature sensitive mutant. The three spot mutation maps to the region distal to the 9B polytene band and proximal to the 15F polytene band. We have identified two deletion regions that fail to complement tspt. One of the regions maps to the same region defined by recombination mapping. P-element insertions for 19 genes in and around this region were tested for germ cell phenotypes. Surprisingly, three of the nineteen exhibited germ cell defects. The tre1 G-protein coupled receptor gene has been shown to be necessary for both programmed cell death and the migration of germ cells across the midgut (COFFMAN et al. 2002; KUNWAR et al. 2003). The scattershot allele of tre1 (COFFMAN et al. 2002) fails to complement tspt mutants, suggesting that they may be involved in the same or converging pathways during germ cell migration. Here we will describe the characterization of tspt mutants and the mapping of the tspt gene.
Dry-matter reproduction in plants 1. Schemata of dry-matter reproduction.

Dry-matter production is the key function in ecological and sociological life of plants (Boysen Jensenl), Monsi and Saeki2)), whether they grow singly or constitute a closed plant community. Hence, in the field of the modern social science of plant which originated from Boysen Jensen's classical work, Die Stoffproduktion der Pflanzen, 19321), a number of workers in Denmark3-lo), Japan2' 11-27) and other countries2s, 29) have already made many studies and are securing some precise information on the dry-matter production in plants and plant communities. Recent works3o-34) on growth analysis of the English school should also be noticed here. Moreover, in the general ecology whose final subject is the ecosystem which can maintain itself only on the basis of the primary production by plants, the latter is no doubt the primaries to be studied35, 36) The dry-matter production cannot be maintained without "reproduction" of matter. In order that the plant continues to develop, the matter produced by photosynthetic system in a production period must always be transformed into the production system or a part of it in the successive period. With regard to this problem, however, have been presented so far only three forms of balance sheets of annual dry-matter production by Boysen Jensen1,37,38) (cf. also 6-10,28) and a chart of distribution of product in Baker's textbook39), but no general schemata of dry-matter reproduction in plants. The balance sheet indicates statical features of the prodution, and it may hardly elucidate the dynamic aspect of development of plants and plant communities. The latter problem, which is also fundamental to a true comprehension of social relationships between plants, should be clarified on the basis of the dry-matter reproduction. In this paper the author will present major types of schemata for dry-matter reprodution systems and make a practical application of these schemata to a comparative study on the shade tolerance of Pinus and Picea4o).
Microbial Protein Production Estimated by Urinary PD Excretion and the Ratio of PD:Creatinine in Spot Urine Samples for Sheep Fed Lucerne Chaff at Different Levels of Intake

Twenty four cross breed ewes were fed 600 g of lucerne per day to determine creatinine excretion by individual animals and then they were divided into six groups with four animals in each group. Each group was given a lucerne diet with intakes of: 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 g/day. Microbial nitrogen flows estimated using total purine derivatives excretion in the urine were 4.03, 5.85, 7.46, 11.61, 14.10 and 16.47 g/d for the intakes of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 g/day, respectively, which were highly correlated to the values (4.20, 5.68, 7.62, 11.10, 13.75 and 16.19 g/d, respectively) obtained from ratios of PD:C in spot urine samples (r = 0.99). Feed intake had significant effect on efficiency of microbial protein production, 50.3, 35.4, 29.7, 35.8, 36.2 and 36.9 g N/kg OMADR with intakes of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 g/day, respectively.
Lactic Acid Bacteria in Tropical Grass Silages

The basic principle silage is to store the surplus forage keeping its stability and nutritional value until it is required to feed the animals. This process takes place in anaerobic conditions, where the lactic acid produced by the LAB inhibits the proliferation of spoilage microorganisms, which are less tolerant to acidic conditions. Thus, as the pH values decline, the silage losses decline as well due to the greater conversion of plant soluble carbohydrates (the main substrate for LAB) in lactic acid, with 96.9% rate of energy recovery (Mc Donald et al., 1991). The major soluble carbohydrates present in forage crops are fructose, glucose, sucrose and frutosanas, according to Woolford, (1984), sucrose and frutosanas are rapidly hydrolyzed in their monomers at forage harvest.
The Moderating Role of Debt Financing in the Relationship between Leverage and Performance

The study examines how debt financing affects the leverage and performance relationship of the textile sector of Pakistan. The study also strives to elaborate the determinants of debt financing. Data has been collected from the annual reports of the textile companies listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) for the years 2010-2015. Panel data techniques including Pooled OLS, Fixed Effect model, Random Effect model, and Moderated Panel Regression model were used for estimating the relationship between debt ratio, leverage and company-specific variables such as profitability and size. The results depict that the listed textile companies of Pakistan financed more than half of its assets by external borrowing. There is high asset tangibility in the Pakistani textile industry. The tax shield, which is the alternative of depreciation, is limited for the textile firms of Pakistan (Qamar, Farooq, Afzal & Akhtar, 2016). The independent variables’ interaction term with debt ratio shows a positive relationship with ROA other than asset tangibility. The trade-off theory suggests to follow a targeted optimal capital structure which is more favorable for a firm. Pakistani textile industry should adopt the model of optimal capital structure for balancing the costs and benefits.Keywords: ,