Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl on phytoalexin and PR-protein induction on sorghum mesocotyls and on Colletotrichum sublineolum

Treatment of sorghum mesocotyls with the chemical activator benzo (1, 2, 3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH, acibenzolar-S-methyl) caused an induction of the phytoalexin apigeninidin. The induction became visible with 5 ppm BTH after an incubation time of 30 hours. The synthesis of three constitutively expressed β-1,3-glucanase isoforms was inhibited by BTH, but no significant effect of BTH was seen on the induction of a sorghum chitinase as demonstrated by immunoblotting experiments with specific antibodies. Besides these effects on sorghum mesocotyls, BTH inhibited spore germination, germ tube and appressorium formation of the sorghum pathogen, Colletotrichum sublineolum. Spore germination and germ tube formation was significantly reduced with 5 ppm BTH, whereas inhibition of appressorium formation started with 10 ppm BTH. Finally, we demonstrated that mycelial growth of the pathogen was also reduced between 50 and 80% with 100 and 200 ppm BTH. Thus, BTH might act on the host pathogen interaction between sorghum and C. sublineolum as a fungitoxic compound and simultaneously as a resistance inducer.
Transmission-Cost Minimization for Packet-level Coding on Multi-path Wireless Networks

Topological redundancies in modern wireless infrastructures provide opportunities to enhance reliability and latency performances through multiple data paths, however, existing standards for wireless access networks cannot fully utilize such an added degree of freedom. Packet-level coding, which proactively adds redundancy to the transmitted data at the packet level, can efficiently utilize the added bandwidth from all data paths and enhance reliability with low latency. Thus it is a good candidate to supplement single-link/physical layer techniques (e.g., channel coding) and provide a better chance of realizing new reliability- and delay-critical services, such as URLLC. In this paper we study the problem of how to optimally design the coding rate and packet distribution rule over multiple data paths to transmit a set of data packets under stringent reliability and delay constraints, so that radio resource cost is minimized. Since such problems are often NP-hard and obtaining optimal solutions usually requires very high-complexity exhaustive search, we propose novel heuristic algorithms that use the path resources in the order of their cost-effectiveness scores to approximately solve this problem. Numerical simulations show that our proposed algorithms can drastically reduce the computational complexity while still able to achieve near-optimal performance.
Immobilization of urease enzyme on nanoceria modifies secondary and tertiary protein structures

Abstract Urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. The increase in pH from the urease reaction causes a broad range of deleterious effects. Nanoceria (cerium oxide) possesses unique chemical properties under a redox reaction. This study investigated the synthesis of nanoceria via a hydrothermal method and determined its interaction with urease enzyme. Transmission electron microscopy results showed a cubic-figured nanoceria with a size of ~15 nm. Urease was immobilized on nanoceria through adsorption. The maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) of the free urease and urease immobilized on nanoceria decreased after interaction with nanoceria, and the Lineweaver-Burk plot showed an uncompetitive inhibition. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption process showed an endothermic reaction. The interaction changed the secondary and tertiary structures of urease as demonstrated by the circular dichroism study (the decrease in both α- and β-structure percentages). The fluorescence study revealed a change in the tertiary structure. The FTIR for the nanoceria—urease complex showed no changes in the covalent bonds, which indicated the involvement of physical forces in the interaction between urease and nanoceria.
Engineering of lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction media using water and diethylamine

Abstract The objective of presented study was to maximize yields of 2-methylbutyl esters, derived by transesterification reactions mediated by sn-1,3-specific lipases, through engineering of reaction medium. Effects of water and diethylamine (DEA) concentrations on the efficiency of plant oils 2-methylbutanolysis, catalyzed by either mycelium-bound Mucor circinelloides lipase (powder) or commercial immobilized lipase Lipozyme TL IM, were determined. Water content monitoring in reaction mixtures enabled to optimize the initial water content in terms of preventing the dehydration of enzyme’s microenvironment and increasing 2-methylbutyl esters yields. These yields were found to be increased by addition of either suitable amounts of water (0.5–1.5%) or diethylamine (10–30 mM) to the mixture of substrates. The presented results suggest that at low concentrations, diethylamine molecules contribute to retaining water in the microenvironment of enzyme that gives rise to increased transesterification yields and significantly reduced amounts of residual mono- and 1,2-diacyl-glycerols.
A review of current ideas of the extinction, conservation and management of Australia's terrestrial vertebrate fauna

Of Australia's 1600 species of terrestrial vertebrates, nearly 300 are endangered, and 17 mammals, 3 birds, and 1 species of lizard have become extinct since European settlement in 1788. Extinction rates and the decline in the distribution and abundance of species has been greatest in the drier regions of the continent and where European settlement first occurred. Declines in the terrestrial vertebrate fauna have resulted from a combination of factors including habitat modification and fragmentation, over-exploitation, exotic diseases, pesticides, competition with introduced herbivores, and predation by foreign predators. As well as continued losses of mammal species, it is predicted that there will be an accelerating loss of avian species paralleling the losses in the mammal fauna which occurred in Australia's pastoral and agricultural areas from 1900 onwards. Declines in the abundance of reptiles and amphibians are expected to follow a similar pattern to birds and mammals. While the dedication of reserves which meet the minimum population size requirements of species and the control of feral animals are important in reducing the rate of loss of critical ecosystems and their associated fauna, conservation of Australia's terrestrial vertebrates depends on significant changes in land management practices. Clearing of native vegetation, prescription or hazard reduction burning, and grazing by domestic stock are among the practices which should cease or be better managed.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of gentamicin in lactating cows after multiple intramuscular doses are administered.

Gentamicin was administered IM to 6 healthy, mature, lactating cows at a dosage of 3.5 or 5 mg/kg of body weight every 8 hours for 10 consecutive days (total, 30 doses). Endometrial biopsies were done at 72, 136 or 144, and 216 hours after the first dose was administered. On the 10th day, just before the last dose of gentamicin was administered, blood samples (designated 10th-day base-line samples) were obtained, and serial blood samples were obtained for 144 hours after the last injection was given. The cows were catheterized on the 10th day, and urine was obtained for 10 to 18 consecutive hours. Milk samples were also obtained. The cows were slaughtered at different times after the last dose was given, and samples were taken from 22 tissues and organs. Serum, milk, urine, and tissue gentamicin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum gentamicin concentrations were best fitted to a 2-compartment open model. The mean half-lives for absorption, distribution, and elimination were 0.16 +/- 0.14, 2.59 +/- 0.53, and 44.91 +/- 9.38 hours, respectively. Total body clearance and renal clearance were 1.65 +/- 0.69 and 1.32 +/- 0.25 ml/min/kg, respectively. The percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine at 8 hours after the last dose was given was 98 +/- 15. As expected, of the tissues examined, the gentamicin concentrations in the kidney cortex and medulla were 1,500 times greater than those in serum. Renal function remained within the baseline range during the 10 days of gentamicin treatment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE APPLICATION OF MUTAGENESIS TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE IN THE FUNCTION OF A RANGE OF ENZYMES IN E.coli

It has become possible over the last decade to compare the primary structures of proteins from many hundreds of species at the push of a button. This rich source of information on the relationship between polypeptide sequence and function is however limited since there is often no experimental evidence for protein activity. By amplifying open reading frames using an error prone DNA polymerase, I have combined the power of comparative BLAST analysis with functional screening in order to “stress test” the relationships between primary structure and function in a number of “model” enzymes which include M.HhaI 5-cytosine methyltransferase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CATI), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). These enzymes models represent quite different structural and functional classes, and to strengthen any general conclusions, they have been chosen here to make the evaluation of any impact on changes in primary structure on enzyme activity, as comprehensive as possible. The results showed different patterns of tolerance toward the random primary structure changes. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase appeared to be the most resilient enzyme, followed by M.HhaI and CATI respectively. This suggests that enzymes of different structural and functional types will have different degrees of tolerance and/or flexibility (in term of activity maintenance) in accommodating primary structure changes. Comparing the present mutagenesis and activity screening data with the available biochemical data of the related enzymes, as well as plotting the positions of mutations on the relevant secondary and three dimensional structures, showed interesting traits in all enzymes to tolerate primary structure changes even in regions of the enzymes normally considered to be sensitive points, while some amino acid residues of no previously assigned importance could abolish enzyme activity completely.
Effects of Barley Variety, Test Weight and Physical Form on Feeding Value of Barley for Swine123

Summary Three experiments involving 623 growing-finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of barley cultivar and test weight on animal and carcass characteristics. Despite the variation in CP and acid-detergent fiber content of the barley cultivars utilized in Exp. I, there were no differences (P>.10) in performance or carcass measurements. In addition, performance of pigs receiving pelleted barley-based diets was not different (P>.10) from that of pigs receiving the meal-form corn-based diet. There were no differences in performance (P>.10) among the barley cultivars or between the barley-based diets and the corn-based diet in Exp. II. However, differences were noted for dressing percentage (P .10) were noted for hot carcass weights, adjusted backfat, adjusted loin eye area and quality score. Azure barley samples having test weights of 50 and 63 kg/hl (39 1/2 and 49 1/2 Ib/bu) were mixed to provide barley lots of various test weights in Exp. III. When fed in meal form, ADG declined and F/G increased as barley test weight declined. The effects of declining test weight were of lower magnitude when the barley-based diets were fed in the pelleted form. Pigs receiving corn-based diets or pelleted barley-based diets had similar ADG and F/G values when the barley had a test weight in excess of 59 kg/hl (46 Ib/bu). In general, carcasses from pigs fed barley-based diets were more desirable than carcasses from pigs receiving corn-based diets. Live shrink of barley-fed pigs was not greater than that of pigs fed diets based on corn until test weight of the barley declined below 56 kg/hl. These data demonstrate that pelleted barley-based diets can support performance comparable to that obtained with corn-based diets when both contain equal and adequate levels of available lysine, available methionine plus cystine and available phosphorus.
Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of the C-Terminal Hexapeptide of αs1-Casein

Thr-Thr-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp, the C-terminal hexapeptide of αsl-casein, inhibited the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (I50 = 16 μM). Z-Pro-Leu-Trp also inhibited the enzyme (I50 = 18 μM). The Pro- Leu-Trp sequence may be important for the inhibitory activity of this hexapeptide. Z-Pro-Val-Trp, which contains Val in place of Leu, inhibited the enzyme more potently (I50 =2.9 μM). The antihypertensive activity of this hexapeptide was also investigated. This peptide, when intravenously administered to anesthetized rats at 31.8 mg/kg, tended to antagonize the rats’ pressor response to angiotensin I.
Progress of Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries Based on Conversion Reactions

In this review, we focus on the conversion reaction in newly raised rechargeable lithium batteries instanced by lithium-sulfur and lithium-oxygen batteries. A comprehensive discussion is made on the fundamental electrochemistry and recent advancements in key components of both types of the batteries. The critical problems in the Li-S and Li-O2 conversion electrochemistry are addressed along with the corresponding improvement strategies, for the purpose of shedding light on the rational design of batteries to reach optimal performance.
ESTUDIO DEL VALOR INDICADOR DE LAS COMUNIDADES DE ALGAS BENTÓNICAS: UNA PROPUESTA DE EVALUACIÓN Y APLICACIÓN EN EL RÍO MAGDALENA, CIUDAD DE MÉXICO

The application and development of environmental laws governing watershed management requires identification of biological indicators, parameters and measures to establish its ecological status, for which the present study aims to characterize the ecological indicator value of stream benthic algae in an urban area of Mexico City. Six sites of the Magdalena river were studied in the most contrasting seasons: dry-warm, rainy and dry-cold. At each site the physicochemical parameters of water were recorded and 10 samples were collected: Five with visible algal growths and five with diatoms. The environmental quality of each site was determined by the trophic status and its confirmation with the richness and benthic algal diversity, through a canonical correspondence analysis and the calculation of the indicator value of species (IndVal). According to the trophic status, three groups of sites were recognized. The first group (G1) was assessed as reference of the oligotrophic conditions and presented 11 species with the highest IndVal, protruding: Encyonema silesiacum, Gomphonema parvulum, Navicula cryptocephala, Planothidium lanceolatum, Vaucheria bursata, Placoma regulare and Nostoc parmelioides. A second group (G2) was associated with 15 species considered detectors, which were tolerant to increased nutrients in at least one season, such as Diatoma mesodon and Prasiola mexicana. The third group (G3) included sites with species that had a wide range of tolerance to pollution: Fistulifera saprophila , Nitzschia minuta , Nitzschia palea , Nitzschia recta and Phormidium autumnale. The species IndVal of Magdalena River has established reference sites of good environmental quality and those that are altered by human activities, therefore they are recommended as the first step in a methodological proposal for a long-term biomonitoring through a biological index.
Studies in the liverwort genus Fossombronia (Metzgenales) from southern Africa. 2. An amendment to three species from Western Cape, described by S.W.Amell

Subsequent to his visit to South Africa in 1951, S. W. Amell (1952), described three new Fossombronia species from Western Cape, namely F. capensis , F. densilamellata and F. montaguensis . Unfortunately, however, they were not described in detail, nor were they fully illustrated. An attempt is hereby made to augment Amell’s descriptions and to illustrate his species more completely, with the aid of drawings and SEM micrographs. A distribution map is also provided. Scott & Pike (1988), after examining many Fossombronia specimens of world-wide origin, concluded that the above three species were good species, aconclusion I support.
Reaction of blue-green algae of rice-field soils to pesticide application

The effect of four commonly used pesticides, Furadan (carbofuran, 3%), Sevin (carbaryl, 50%), Rogor (dimethoate, 30% EC) and Endotaf (endosulfan, 35% EC) on the blue-green algae of rice field soils was examined. The organochlorine, Endotaf, was found to be more toxic than the organophosphate, Rogor, and the carbamate pesticides, Sevin and Furadan, in that sequence. Lyngbya major, Gloeocapsa atrata, Calothrix parietina and Scytonema pascheri, all of which have well-defined sheaths, occurred in the soil in the presence of 1000, 500 and 250 ppm of the carbamate, organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides, respectively, where other blue-green algal forms couls not survive
Dinâmica do sub-bosque e do estado arbóreo de floresta tropical primária fragmentada na Amazônia Oriental1

The present paper aims at evaluating the forest dynamics - mainly that brought by natural regeneration -in a fragment of dense, terra firme tropical primary forest from 1998 through 1999, municipality of Peixe-Boi (PA). Three 1 ha permanent plots were marked off and every individual within having DBH ≥ 10 cm was registered. Individuals having DBH between 5 and 10cm were sampled out in an area of 6.000 m2, those having DBH between 2 and 5cm were sampled out in an area totaling 2.400 in2, and individuals having DBH under 2 cm were sampled in 240 m2. There are about 143.000 individuals ranging from seedlings to trees, of 337 species and 76 families. Mimosaceae was the family with higher diversity (44 species). Fourteen families occurred as an only species, including 7 families occurring also as an only individual. Considering the whole sample (that is, independently from diametric class) the egression of 56 species versus ingression of 68 was verified, producing a net gain of 12 species. The dynamics of species richeness in natural regeneration is remarkably intense, and the dynamics of abundance of natural regeneration, is more intense than that of floristic richeness. It was also observed that only one family left, while 14 other families entered, thus enriching biodiversity in almost 30%. The highest mortality verified was of Bauhinia cf. rutilans and Mabea aff speciosa (300 and 21 individuals). Rinorea negleta and Lecythis idatimon displayed the recruitment of 171 and 89 specimens. The recruitment/mortality rate was higher than one unit in all diametric classes. The proportion of seedlings needed to obtain a tree, a sapling and a stemlet is 297, 160 e 48 respectively. Richeness and abundance increased during the one year period, as did basal area and biomass.
Smart platform for Blood Management in Healthcare using AI/ML Approach

The blood management system confronts a challenge with blood transfusions and their distribution regardless of the efforts of the World Health Organization and other global health organizations: inadequate supply, excessive demand, and a shortage of accessible blood. Due to its ability to raise labor efficiency and service quality via systematic management, artificial intelligence is currently necessary to enhance blood supply operations. The objective of this work is to provide an AI/ML platform that facilitates the use of data to assist health professionals in making the most effective management choices that are consistent with methods for minimizing waste and costs. By more accurately anticipating blood demand. As production models, we are using both time series and machine learning methods as prediction models. The optimal performance model for the provided case study was determined by comparing the performance outcomes of each method. In this work, autoregressive Moving Average models, autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models, and seasonal ARIMA models are applied. In addition, we used four native algorithms for machine learning: Artificial Neural Networks, Linear Regression, and Support Vector Regression. The results demonstrate that both types of forecasting models can significantly enhance the management of the blood supply.
Regeneration of Allotriploid Coffea Plants from Tissue Culture: Resolving the Propagation Problems Promoted by Irregular Meiosis

Híbrido de Timor” (HT) is a natural interspecific hybrid of Coffea arabica L. with Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner that has played a substantial role in breeding programs as source of resistance genes. The original HT plant is represented by the anorthoploid accession ‘CIFC 4106’, an allotriploid plant with 3x=33 chromosomes and 2C=2.10 pg. From this HT plant, other accessions have been obtained and used in crossings with C. arabica to provide resistant plants to the main pathogens. However, each HT accession and their derivates show a particular karyotype due to irregular anaphasic disjunction, which results in a few reproductive cells with an unbalanced number of chromosomes. Regarding this fact and the crop relevance of HT, this study aimed to develop a direct somatic embryogenesis system for the clonal propagation of this germplasm, using the first HT plant as explant donor. To accomplish this purpose, disinfested leaf explants of greenhouse-cultivated HT ‘CIFC 4106’ plants were inoculated in medium supplied with 0.001 g L-1 6-benzylaminopurine. Somatic embryogenesis process was asynchronous, with distinct developmental stages occurring simultaneously. Besides, emergence of secondary embryos from primary ones was observed. Mature embryos were germinated, and well-rooted embryos were selected for plantlet regeneration. The nuclear DNA content and the karyotype showed that allotriploidy was conserved in all regenerated plantlets. Considering these results, the direct somatic embryogenesis protocol adopted in the present work was imperative for the accurate clonal propagation of HT, being relevant for multiplication and conservation of elite accessions that show an irregular meiosis.
Apoptosis Inactivation As Cause For Cancer

The programmed cell death, also known as Apoptosis is a complex mechanisms by which cell undergo its own destruction to control the process of cell proliferation or it can be due to in response of DNA damage. Apoptosis also plays an important role in tissue homoeostasis and development. The most striking feature of the cancer cells is that they do not undergo Apoptosis. This fact is due to the involvement of dynamic interplay between oncogenes and/or inactivated tumors suppressor genes. Both of them have a key role in generation of tumors. Certain drugs and agents have been identified which can restore the normal apoptotic pathways and thus, have the potential for the effective treatment of the cancers that depends on the alteration of the apoptotic pathway.