Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Charmonium properties in deconfinement phase in anisotropic lattice QCD

J/Psi and eta_c above the QCD critical temperature T_c are studied in anisotropic quenched lattice QCD, considering whether the c\bar c systems above T_c are spatially compact (quasi-)bound states or scattering states. We adopt the standard Wilson gauge action and O(a)-improved Wilson quark action with renormalized anisotropy a_s/a_t =4.0 at \beta=6.10 on 16^3\times (14-26) lattices, which correspond to the spatial lattice volume V\equiv L^3\simeq(1.55{\rm fm})^3 and temperatures T\simeq(1.11-2.07)T_c. We investigate the c\bar c system above T_c from the temporal correlators with spatially-extended operators, where the overlap with the ground state is enhanced. To clarify whether compact charmonia survive in the deconfinement phase, we investigate spatial boundary-condition dependence of the energy of c\bar c systems above T_c. In fact, for low-lying S-wave c \bar c scattering states, it is expected that there appears a significant energy difference \Delta E \equiv E{\rm (APBC)}-E{\rm (PBC)}\simeq2\sqrt{m_c^2+3\pi^2/L^2}-2m_c (m_c: charm quark mass) between periodic and anti-periodic boundary conditions on the finite-volume lattice. In contrast, for compact charmonia, there is no significant energy difference between periodic and anti-periodic boundary conditions. As a lattice QCD result, almost no spatial boundary-condition dependence is observed for the energy of the c\bar c system in J/\Psi and \eta_c channels for T\simeq(1.11-2.07)T_c. This fact indicates that J/\Psi and \eta_c would survive as spatially compact c\bar c (quasi-)bound states below 2T_c. We also investigate a $P$-wave channel at high temperature with maximally entropy method (MEM) and find no low-lying peak structure corresponding to \chi_{c1} at 1. 62T_c.
Runge–Kutta convolution coercivity and its use for time-dependent boundary integral equations

A coercivity property of temporal convolution operators is an essential tool in the analysis of time-dependent boundary integral equations and their space and time discretizations. It is known that this coercivity property is inherited by convolution quadrature time discretization based on A-stable multistep methods, which are of order at most 2. Here we study the question as to which Runge–Kutta-based convolution quadrature methods inherit the convolution coercivity property. It is shown that this holds without any restriction for the third-order Radau IIA method, and on permitting a shift in the Laplace domain variable, this holds for all algebraically stable Runge–Kutta methods and hence for methods of arbitrary order. As an illustration the discrete convolution coercivity is used to analyse the stability and convergence properties of the time discretization of a nonlinear boundary integral equation that originates from a nonlinear scattering problem for the linear wave equation. Numerical experiments illustrate the error behaviour of the Runge–Kutta convolution quadrature time discretization.
Cell Adhesion Molecules in Systemic Sclerosis – Results from a Portuguese Cohort

Objectives: To determine serum levels of adhesion molecules among patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) spectrum disease and to assess the relationship of these molecules with disease subsets, evolution phase, organ involvement and nail fold capillaroscopic changes. Methods: E-selectin, P-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) serum levels were measured by ELISA in a cohort of 48 patients with SSc spectrum disease. The association between these molecules and disease subsets, clinical evolution phase, organ involvement and nail fold capillaroscopic changes was then assessed. Results: Comparing patients with healthy controls, patients had higher serum levels of E-selectin, P-selectin and VCAM-1 and lower levels of ICAM-1. This pattern was found in all SSc subsets. Increased serum levels of P-selectin and VCAM-1 were found in all disease evolution phases, while E-selectin was significantly higher only in the late SSc. ICAM-1 was significantly lower in intermediate and late disease phases. P-selectin and VCAM-1 were significantly increased, while ICAM-1 was significantly decreased in all nail fold capillaroscopy patterns. E-selectin was elevated only in the late pattern. Serum ICAM-1 levels were higher among patients with lung and heart involvement and VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with osteoarticular involvement. Conclusion: We found higher serum levels of P-selectin, E-selectin and VCAM-1 and lower levels of ICAM-1 in SSc spectrum disease patients. P-selectin and VCAM-1 were early and persistent disease markers throughout the course of disease.ICAM-1 might be implicated in the pathogenesis of heart and lung involvement.
Inclined dislocation-pair relaxation mechanism in homoepitaxial green GaInN/GaN light-emitting diodes

Received 2 September 2009; revised manuscript received 29 January 2010; published 22 March 2010 The creation of symmetrical pairs of inclined dislocations was observed in the GaInN/GaN quantum wells QWs of c-axis grown green light-emitting diodes LEDs on low-defect density bulk GaN substrate, but not in green LEDs on sapphire substrate with high threading dislocation TD density. Pairs of dislocations start within 20 nm of the same QW and incline 18° – 23° toward two opposite 11 ¯ 00 directions or in a 120° pattern. We propose that in the absence of TDs, partial strain relaxation of the QWs drives the defect formation by removal of lattice points between the two dislocation cores. In spite of those inclined dislocation pairs, the light output power of such green LEDs on GaN is about 25% higher than in LEDs of similar wavelength on sapphire.
Predicting patterns of plant species richness in megadiverse South Africa

Using new tools (boosted regression trees) in predictive biogeography, with extensive spatial 23 distribution data for >19 000 species, we developed predictive models for South African plant species richness patterns. Further, biome level analysis explored possible functional determinants of country-wide regional species richness. Finally, to test model reliability independently, we predicted potential alien invasive plant species richness with an independent dataset. Amongst the different hypotheses generally invoked to explain species 30 diversity (energy, favorableness, topographic heterogeneity, irregularity and seasonality), results revealed topographic heterogeneity as the most powerful single explanatory variable for indigenous South African plant species richness. Some biome-specific responses were observed, i.e. two of the five analyzed biomes (Fynbos and Grassland) had richness best explained by the “species-favorableness” hypothesis, but even in this case, topographic heterogeneity was also a primary predictor. This analysis, the largest conducted on an almost exhaustive species sample in a species-rich region, demonstrates the preeminence of topographic heterogeneity in shaping the spatial pattern of regional plant species richness. Model reliability was confirmed by the considerable predictive power for alien invasive species richness. It thus appears that topographic heterogeneity controls species richness in two main ways: firstly, by providing an abundance of ecological niches in contemporary space (revealed by alien invasive species richness relationships) and secondly, by facilitating the persistence of ecological niches through time. The extraordinary richness of the South African Fynbos biome, a world-renowned hotspot of biodiversity with the steepest environmental gradients in South Africa, may thus have arisen through both mechanisms. Comparisons with similar regions of the world outside South Africa are needed to confirm the generality of topographic heterogeneity and favorableness as predictors of plant richness.
A Data Driven Approach to Predicting Rating Scores for New Restaurants

This paper focuses on predicting rating scores of new restaurants listed in online restaurant review platforms. Most existing works rely on customer reviews to make an prediction. However, in practice, the customer reviews for new restaurants are always missing. In this paper, we mine useful features from the information of restaurants as well as highly available urban data to tackle this problem. We propose a deep-learning based approach called MR-Net to model both endogenous and exogenous factors in a unified manner and capture deep feature interaction for rating score prediction. Extensive experiments on real world data from Dianping show that our approach achieves better performance than various baseline methods. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work that predicts rating scores for new restaurants without the knowledge of customer reviews.
Collaborative Service Networks, Case Study of Uber and Airbnb

: In recent years, conventional business model of ownership has been changed towards accessibility in variety of markets. Two trends can be observed in evolution of this rental-like business model. Firstly, technological development that enables emergence of new business models. These new business models increasingly become agile and flexible. For example “Spotify and SoundCloud”, online music stream companies, provides consumers access to over millions of music tracks, conveniently through the smartphone, tablet or computer. Similarly, “Car2Go, Zipcar, and Getaround” car sharing companies give flexible access to nearby cars for its members. Second trend is the increasing communication and connections via social networks. This trend enables a shift to peer-to-peer accessibility based business models. Conventionally, companies provide access for their customers to own companies’ products or services. In peer-to-peer model, nonetheless, companies facilitate access and connection across their customers to use other customers owned property or skills, competencies or services . The so-called the sharing economy business model which is referred as “the platform economy” as well. The promising start-ups that are active in this very specific and rather new market signify the potential of the so-called “the platform economy” business model. In this paper, we investigate into a new and emerging type of the platform economy business model in which role of customers and service providers may dramatically change. This new mechanism is called “Collaborative Service Networks”. We probe this mechanism from different aspects. Uber and Airbnb, two successful growing companies, have been selected for our case studies. There are similar companies that are competing in the same market like Lyft and Homeaway. However, the case study companies are significantly more successful and larger. We propose the way this mechanism can capture value in five-steps, which creates a virtuous cycle and reinforces the viability of the mechanism.
A far-infrared radiative closure study in the Arctic: Application to water vapor

[1] Far-infrared (λ > 15.0 μm) (far-IR) radiative processes provide a large fraction of Earth's outgoing longwave radiation and influence upper tropospheric vertical motion. Water vapor, because of its abundance and strong absorption properties over an extended spectral range, is the primary source of these radiative processes. Historically, the lack of spectrally resolved radiometric instruments and the opacity of the lower atmosphere have precluded extensive studies of far-IR water vapor absorption properties. The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program has organized a series of field experiments, the Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaigns (RHUBC), to address this deficiency. The first phase of RHUBC took place in 2007 at the ARM North Slope of Alaska Climate Research Facility. Measurements taken before and during this campaign have provided the basis for a clear-sky radiative closure study aimed at reducing key uncertainties associated with far-IR radiative transfer models. Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer infrared radiance observations taken in clear sky conditions were compared against calculations from the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model. The water vapor column amounts used in these calculations were retrieved from 183 GHz radiometer measurements. The uncertainty in these integrated water vapor retrievals is approximately 2%, a notable improvement over past studies. This far-IR radiative closure study resulted in an improvement to the Mlawer-Tobin Clough-Kneiyzs-Davies (MT_CKD) water vapor foreign continuum model and updates to numerous, far-IR water vapor line parameters from their values in the circa 2006 version of the HITRAN molecular line parameter database.
Stratigraphic variation within polar firn caused by differential accumulation and ice flow: interpretation of a 400 MHz short-pulse radar profile from West Antarctica

Abstract We investigate causes of the stratigraphic variation revealed in a 177 km, 400 MHz short-pulse radar profile of firn from West Antarctica. The profile covers 56 m depth, and its direction was close to those of the ice flow and mean wind. The average, near-surface accumulation rates calculated from the time delays of one radar horizon consistently show minima on leeward slopes and maxima on windward slopes, confirming an earlier study based on stake observations. The stratigraphic variation includes up to 30 m depth variation in individual horizons over tens of km, fold limbs that become progressively steeper with depth, and fold-hinge loci that change direction or propagate down-ice with depth over distances far less than predicted by the ice speeds. We use an accumulation rate model to show how local rate anomalies and the effect of ice speed upon a periodic variation in accumulation rate cause these phenomena, and we reproduce two key features seen in the stratigraphic variations. We conclude that the model provides an explanation of changes in spatial stratigraphy and local measures of accumulation history given the constraints of surface topography, ice and wind velocities, and a general accumulation rate for an area.
Simultaneous Determination of Glutathione and Tryptophan at the Surface of Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode in the Presence of Catechol

The electrochemical oxidation and determination of tryptophan (Trp) and glutathione (GSH) in the presence of catechol as a homo- geneous redox in the aqueous medium were investigated at the surface of a carbon paste electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-CPE) using cyclic voltammetry (CV), double step potential chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltam- metry (DPV) techniques. The results of differential pulse voltammetry showed two well-resolved anodic peaks for glutathione and tryptophan which leads to voltammetric determination of each of them. The results shows the electrooxidation peak currents of GSH and Trp is linear in the concentration range of 2×10 -6 M - 2.8×10 -4 M and 4×10 -6 M - 6×10 -5 M, respectively. The kinetic parameters such as: the chemical reaction rate constant (kh) and transfer coefficient (α) were calculated 2.01×10 2 cm 3 mol -1 s -1 and 0.31, respec- tively. Also, the apparent diffusion coefficient, Dapp, for GSH was found to be 1.95×10 -6 cm 2 s -1 in aqueous buffered solution. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of glutathione and tryptophan in real sample using standard addition method.
Variation in state education policies and effects on student performance

There have been few systematic studies of the effects that education policies adopted at the state level have on the quality of schooling within the state. This article, building on a framework developed by Eric Hanushek and Lori Taylor, measures the effects of state policies-in particular, the effects of state teacher certification requirements on SAT performance across states. In an examination of SAT data from 1972 to 1990, the results suggest that students in states with a master's degree requirement for teacher certification had lower SAT scores than students in states without a master's requirement. The empirical model accounts for inputs such as family background and other school factors typically used in education production functions.
Approaches in Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer by Vitamin Aand Green Tea

Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers which is the 6th most prevalent cancer in the world. It has been established that incidence of cancer increases with age. The diagnosis of oral cancer is easily possible by a visit of the dentistry. According to various studies, oral cancer is preventable and numerous epidemiological studies have approved the positive effects of daily consumption of vegetables in reducing the risk of oral cancer. Chemical prevention is the use of drugs for prevention and suppression of natural or precancerous cells from transforming into cancerous cells. Vitamin A and green tea have antioxidant properties. Various studies have confirmed the effects of 13-cis retinoic acid in preventing dysplasia and leukoplakia of oral cells, but other studies have shown that the long-term use of 13-cis retinoic acid as a preventative chemical has side effects and also, probability of recurrence is very high. Green tea is another widely used substance in the prevention of malignancy. In various studies, the anticancer effects of green tea and particularly its impact on the prevention of oral cancer has been demonstrated. Polyphenols found in green tea are known as inhibiting factors for the processes involved in growth and metastasis of cancerous cells. High acceptance of green tea and also the fact that it leaves no side effects makes it considered as a suitable substance for chemopreventive procedures against cancer and particularly oral cancer. In this article we compared the effect of the vitamin A and green tea’s effects on oral cancer prevention and care
Objective versus Non-Objective Search in Evolving Morphologically Robust Robot Controllers

This study evaluates objective versus non-objective-based evolutionary search methods for behavior evolution in robot teams. The goal is to evaluate the morphological robustness of evolved controllers, where controllers are evolved for specific robot sensory-motor configurations (morphologies) but must continue to function as these morphologies degrade. Robots use artificial neural network controllers where behavior evolution is directed by developmental neuro-evolution. Guiding evolutionary controller design we use objective (fitness function) versus non-objective (novelty) search. The former optimizes for behavioral fitness and the latter for behavioral novelty. These methods are evaluated across varying robot morphologies and increasing task complexity. Results indicate that novelty search yields no benefits over objective search, in terms of evolving morphologically robust controllers. That is, both novelty and objective search evolve team controllers that are morphologically robust given varying robot morphologies and increasing task complexity. Results thus suggest behavioral diversity methods such as novelty search mat not be suitable for generating robot behaviors that can continue functioning given changing robot morphologies, for example, due to damaged or disabled sensors and actuators.
Preparation of sulfonated reduced graphene oxide by radiationinduced chemical reduction of sulfonated graphene oxide

We report the preparation of sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (SRGO) by the sulfonation of graphene oxide followed by radiation-induced chemical reduction. Graphene oxide prepared by the well-known modified Hummer's method was sulfonated with the aryl diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid. Sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) dispersed in ethanol was subsequently reduced by γ-ray irradiation at various absorbed doses to produce SRGO. The results of optical, chemical, and thermal analyses revealed that SRGO was successfully prepared by γ-ray irradiation-induced chemical reduction of the SGO suspension. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of SRGO was increased up to 2.94 S/cm with an increase of the absorbed dose.
A prison effect in a wild population: a scarcity of females induces homosexual behaviors in males

The high frequency of same-sex sexual behaviors (SSB) in free-ranging animals is an evolutionary puzzle because fitness benefits are often unclear in an evolutionary context. Moreover, the physiological and genetic underpinnings of SSB remain unclear. We exploited an extraordinary natural experiment to examine the impact of environmental factors (local sex ratio [SR]) and testosterone (T) levels on SSB in a dense population of Hermann’s tortoises monitored for 7 years. Under the combination of high density and extremely skewed SR (~50 females, >1000 males), males courted and mounted other males more frequently than females. They even exhibited extravagant sexual behaviors, attempting to copulate with dead conspecifics, empty shells, and stones. T levels remained within the species’ normal range of variation. SSB was not observed in other populations where SR is not, or less skewed, and where density is lower. This study reports the first natural example of a "prison effect," whereby a high population density combined with female deprivation triggered SSB as a mere outlet of sexual stimulation. More generally, it supports the hypothesis that SSB can be a nonadaptive consequence of unusual proximate factors rather than reflecting physiological disorders.
Secure peer-to-peer networking: the JXTA example

The JXTA framework's key benefit is its ability to provide security via well-understood, trusted approaches. Likewise, JXTA's transport protocol independence lets applications avoid the security breaches imposed by gateways or other network infrastructure. Project JXTA has now completed J2SE and J2ME MIDP implementations.The latter is for small-footprint devices like mobile phones. A C implementation is nearly completed. These three are edge-to-edge interoperable and thus will provide JXTA P2P functionality across the device space. At JavaOne 2002, held in San Francisco during March, developers demonstrated group instant messaging among mobile phones, laptops, and desktop systems with firewall traversal, using the JXTA protocols.An open-source framework, JXTA can accommodate centralized and decentralized certificate authorities for P2P networking.
Spaces of Neoliberal Experimentation: Soft Spaces, Postpolitics, and Neoliberal Governmentality

This paper examines the proliferation of soft spaces of governance, focusing on planning. We move beyond more functional explanations to explore the politics of soft spaces, more specifically how soft space forms of governance operate as integral to processes of neoliberalisation, highlighting how such state forms facilitate neoliberalisation through their flexibility and variability. Recent state restructuring of the planning sector and emerging trends for soft spaces in England under the Coalition government proposals are discussed.
On the late-time behaviour of a bounded, inviscid two-dimensional flow

Using complementary numerical approaches at high resolution, we study the late-time behaviour of an inviscid incompressible two-dimensional flow on the surface of a sphere. Starting from a random initial vorticity field comprised of a small set of intermediate-wavenumber spherical harmonics, we find that, contrary to the predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics, the flow does not evolve into a large-scale steady state. Instead, significant unsteadiness persists, characterised by a population of persistent small-scale vortices interacting with a large-scale oscillating quadrupolar vorticity field. Moreover, the vorticity develops a stepped, staircase distribution, consisting of nearly homogeneous regions separated by sharp gradients. The persistence of unsteadiness is explained by a simple point-vortex model characterising the interactions between the four main vortices which emerge.