Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of c‐myb by carboxy‐terminal truncation: relationship to transformation of murine haemopoietic cells in vitro.

Murine retroviruses which encode c‐myb proteins that have either complete or truncated carboxy (C) termini were used to infect haemopoietic cells from murine fetal liver. Using an agar colony assay, we could show that infection with the virus encoding the truncated protein resulted in the persistence of colony‐forming cells well beyond the short period for which such cells are present in uninfected cultures. The resultant colonies failed to give rise to cell lines; however, clonal cell lines occasionally emerged from the original infected liquid cultures. The virus which encoded a myb protein with a complete C‐terminus was virtually inactive in the colony assay; surprisingly, however, this virus could enhance proliferation in liquid cultures and has led to the generation of at least one cell line. In addition to demonstrating ‘activation’ of c‐myb by C‐terminal truncation, our results imply that an unaltered c‐myb protein can also contribute to cellular transformation and that a second event is required to establish myb‐transformed cells as a permanent cell line.
Exercise performance and neuromuscular activity at a fixed level of RPE following manipulation of peripheral physiological status

PURPOSE: to analyse the effect of manipulation of peripheral physiological status on performance and neuromuscular activity during cycling at a fixed level of RPE. METHODS: following familiarisation trials, seven well trained individuals completed two exercise trials following ingestion of 0.2g. kg-1 NaHCO3 or a CaCO3 placebo which were performed in a randomised and blind manner. During exercise participants were required to cycle at exercise intensity equivalent to their perception of an RPE of 16 on the Category Ratio Scale. Blood pH was measured pre- and post-exercise, and power output, EMG activity in the active musculature, and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout exercise. Exercise was terminated when power output fell below 80% of the average recorded over the first 3 minutes of each trial. RESULTS: pre-exercise pH was higher following NaHCO3 ingestion, but post-exercise values did not differ between NaHCO3 and placebo trials. Exercise duration was 21% longer following NaHCO3 than the placebo, but no significant differences were found in power output or heart rate between trials at any point. EMG activity was higher throughout NaHCO3 trials. CONCLUSIONS: the findings of this study suggest that NaHCO3 ingestion enhanced exercise duration by allowing an increased volume of exercise to be performed prior to individuals reaching individual critical threshold values for pH. Lower neuromuscular activity despite a similar power output following NaHCO3 suggests that perceptions of effort may be based on absolute work rates rather than afferent physiological feedback, and that the work rate is achieved through regulation of efferent neural drive.
Estimation of flight delay using weighted Spline combined with ARIMA model

Adding to societal changes today, are the miscellaneous big data have been produced in different fields. Coupled with these data is the appearance of data risk management and data mining. Admittedly, to predict future trend by using these data is conducive to make everything more efficient and easy. This paper develops a new prediction model of flight departure delay. By studying the main factors lead to flight delay, the paper takes weather, holiday influences and hourly pattern as variables of the mixed function by combining smoothing Spline function with ARIMA models. We optimized and simulated with 3 years of data from American Airline. By utilizing our model can predict delays of each flight on a specific day and hour. The result demonstrates the goodness of fit.
Textual entailment graphs

Abstract In this work, we present a novel type of graphs for natural language processing (NLP), namely textual entailment graphs (TEGs). We describe the complete methodology we developed for the construction of such graphs and provide some baselines for this task by evaluating relevant state-of-the-art technology. We situate our research in the context of text exploration, since it was motivated by joint work with industrial partners in the text analytics area. Accordingly, we present our motivating scenario and the first gold-standard dataset of TEGs. However, while our own motivation and the dataset focus on the text exploration setting, we suggest that TEGs can have different usages and suggest that automatic creation of such graphs is an interesting task for the community.
Dental students' experiences with and attitudes toward people with mental retardation.

BACKGROUND People with mental retardation have limited access to oral health care. Dental school administrators reported minimal training in U.S. dental schools for these patients. As a result, students and practitioners may not be prepared to provide needed services. METHODS The authors surveyed 295 third- and fourth-year students at five dental schools about their didactic and clinical preparation for, attitudes toward and comfort levels with treating people with mental retardation, as well as whether their experiences affect their willingness to treat people with mental retardation. The authors analyzed data using previously developed statistical software. RESULTS A little more than 68 percent of respondents reported receiving five hours or less of instruction devoted to how to care for people with mental retardation, and 50.8 percent reported having no clinical training in this area. Nearly 60 percent reported that they had little to no confidence in providing care, while 74.6 percent reported they had little to no preparation in providing care. Students who had experience working with people with mental retardation attributed greater capabilities to such people than did students who had no such experience. CONCLUSIONS Many U.S. dental students are prepared inadequately to provide services for people with mental retardation. Spending time with these patients provides a more positive understanding of the capabilities of these people. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Increasing numbers of people with mental retardation no longer live in institutions, and they are dependent on dentists in private practice for care. Increased dental school training and continuing education programs are needed to meet this need.
Opposite bone remodeling effects of teriparatide and alendronate in increasing bone mass.

BACKGROUND Antiresorptive agents for the treatment of osteoporosis suppress bone remodeling and reestablish bone turnover at a lower rate to reduce bone loss. Recombinant teriparatide (human parathyroid hormone 1-34) stimulates bone formation, increases bone mass, and improves bone microarchitecture. We contrasted the effects of once-daily doses of 20 mug of teriparatide and 10 mg of alendronate sodium on bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover. METHODS Markers of bone turnover and areal BMD were assessed in 203 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in an 18-month randomized parallel double-blind study; volumetric BMD was measured in a subset of women. RESULTS Teriparatide significantly increased markers of bone turnover that peaked at 6 months (serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, 218%, and urinary N-telopeptide corrected for creatinine, 58%; P<.001); alendronate significantly decreased the markers at 6 months (-67% and -72%, respectively; P<.001). At 18 months, areal and volumetric spine BMDs were significantly higher with teriparatide than with alendronate (10.3% vs 5.5% [P<.001] and 19.0% vs 3.8% [P<.01], respectively). Areal femoral neck BMD was significantly higher than baseline in the teriparatide and alendronate groups (3.9% and 3.5%, respectively). There were no significant differences in trabecular femoral neck BMD between the teriparatide and alendronate groups (4.9% and 2.2%, respectively). Cortical volumetric femoral neck BMD was significantly different between the teriparatide and alendronate groups (-1.2% and 7.7%, respectively; P = .05). CONCLUSION Two distinct options for the management of osteoporosis lead to increases in BMD by opposite mechanisms of action on bone remodeling.
Development of a cows' milk identification test (COMIT) for field use

Summary A cows' milk identification test (COMIT) has been successfully developed for the detection of defined amounts of cows' milk (3–100%) in ewes' milk. The assay uses polyclonal antibodies raised in goats against bovine whey proteins. The test, an agar-gel immunodiffusion technique, uses agar plates with a printed template for correct placement of the test components (antisera discs, positive and negative milk reference discs and sample discs). The presence of cows' milk in the sample was recorded as positive when the precipitin lines appearing between the sample disc and the antisera disc fuse completely with those from the positive cows' milk reference disc. This test is reliable, practical and easy to perform in the field and in dairy factories. Furthermore, the nature and stability of the components of the test make it suitable for commercial development into kits which should be highly practical in any kind of inspection programme concerned with milk species identification.
Timing for virtual TMR in logic circuits

Digital integrated circuits fabricated in nano-technologies have first shown to be more vulnerable to transient errors effects than their predecessors. But they also show effects of stress-induced defects resulting in early life-time failures. In general, power dissipation problems and dielectric stress, due to high field strength, are the main reasons for shortened life-time expectations. On the other hand, system designers require highly reliable and long-time dependable hardware, for example in automotive applications. On-line error detection and-compensation using either codes or, in the more general case, double or triple modular redundancy (DMR and TMR), has been used for decades, but causes higher power dissipation in nano-logic, additional stress, and is therefore no cure in terms of life-time extension. Savings on hardware and power are possible, if resources can be re-allocated to produce local TMR upon demand. However, such techniques may cause sudden signal delays after the detection of errors, which are not easy to handle in synchronous systems. The paper makes an analysis of problems and shows first results in architectures for fast and efficient error detection and correction.
The Developmental Origins of the Consonant Bias in Lexical Processing

Consonants have been proposed to carry more of the weight of lexical processing than vowels. This consonant bias has consistently been found in adults and has been proposed to facilitate early language acquisition. We explore the origins of this bias over the course of development and in infants learning different languages. Although the consonant bias was originally thought to be present at birth, evidence suggests that it arises from the early stages of phonological and (pre-)lexical acquisition. We discuss two theories that account for the acquisition of the consonant bias: the lexical and acoustic-phonetic hypotheses.
A Walking Stabilization Method Based on Environmental Modes on Each Foot for Biped Robot

In this paper, a method that makes biped robots track zero-moment-point (ZMP) reference trajectories is proposed. The biped robots have flat rectangular soles with force sensors at each corner. The sensors detect reaction force from the ground. Sensor information is transformed into useful structure, which is defined as ldquoenvironmental modes.rdquo The environmental modes represent contact states between the ground and the soles and are extracted by the information of four force sensors at each corner of the rectangular soles. The environmental modes consist of the following four modes: 1) heaving; 2) rolling; 3) pitching; and 4) twisting. These modes are related to the ZMP, by which walking stability is evaluated. Therefore, command values of the environmental modes can be derived by the ZMP reference trajectory. By tracking the command values, the walking motion becomes more stable. The conventional study on controlling the environmental modes takes only the rolling and pitching modes into account. However, it is not sufficient to stabilize the walking motion, because the heaving mode has been neglected. The heaving mode is also very important to stabilize the walking motion. Therefore, in this paper, we extend the conventional method for considering the heaving mode to track the ZMP reference trajectory. Validity of the proposed method was confirmed by experimental results.
Mariner 9 observations of the south polar cap of Mars: Evidence for residual CO2 frost

The first spacecraft observations of the south residual polar cap of Mars were obtained by the Mariner 9 orbiter during the Martian southern summer season, 1971–1972. Analyses of Viking orbiter observations obtained 3 Mars years later have shown that residual carbon dioxide frost was present at the south polar cap in 1977. In this study, Mariner 9 infrared interferometer spectrometer spectra and television camera images are used in conjunction with multispectral thermal emission models to constrain the temperatures of dark bare ground and bright frost regions within the south residual cap. The results provide strong evidence that carbon dioxide frost was present throughout the summer season despite the fact that the residual frost deposits observed by Mariner 9 were less extensive than those observed by Viking.
Does pain sensitivity change by migraine phase? A blinded longitudinal study

Objective Studies suggest that pain thresholds may be altered before and during migraine headaches, but it is still debated if a central or peripheral dysfunction is responsible for the onset of pain in migraine. The present blinded longitudinal study explores alterations in thermal pain thresholds and suprathreshold heat pain scores before, during, and after headache. Methods We measured pain thresholds to cold and heat, and pain scores to 30 seconds of suprathreshold heat four times in 49 migraineurs and once in 31 controls. Sessions in migraineurs were categorized by migraine diaries as interictal, preictal (≤one day before attack), ictal or postictal (≤one day after attack). Results Trigeminal cold pain thresholds were decreased (p = 0.014) and pain scores increased (p = 0.031) in the ictal compared to the interictal phase. Initial pain scores were decreased (p < 0.029), and the temporal profile showed less adaptation (p < 0.020) in the preictal compared to the interictal phase. Hand cold pain thresholds were decreased in interictal migraineurs compared to controls (p < 0.019). Conclusion Preictal heat hypoalgesia and reduced adaptation was followed by ictal trigeminal cold suballodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Our results support that cyclic alterations of pain perception occur late in the prodromal phase before headache. Further longitudinal investigation of how pain physiology changes within the migraine cycle is important to gain a more complete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms behind the migraine attack.
Kerr effect and the nonlinear dielectric effect on approaching the critical consolute point.

For the exponent ψ which describes a critical anomaly of the nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE) and the electro-optic Kerr effect (EKE) in critical solutions, theoretical models predict: ψ NDE =ψ EKE =ψ theor =γ-2β. An experiment gave ψ NDE (≃0.37)<ψ theor (≃0.59)<ψ EKE (≃0.8). For all other experimental results, however, the agreement with the theory is good. In this paper it is shown that also both of the above relations may be valid. This result is based on the assumption that the NDE and the EKE exhibit a mixture of both a nonclassical and a classical type of behavior of critical fluctuations
Ventilator Settings Can Substantially Impact Patients’ Comfort

Background: With increasing realization that sedatives may complicate care of mechanically ventilated patients, greater emphasis might turn to promoting comfort by titration of ventilator settings. Hypothesis: Patients with acute on chronic respiratory failure (ACRF) with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrate different levels of comfort in response to varying ventilator settings compared to those with underlying obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). Methods: Patients recovering from ACRF with underlying COPD or OHS were randomized to varying combinations of ventilator modes (assist control and pressure support), tidal volumes, and inspiratory flows for 3 minutes/setting. For each ventilator setting, physiologic variables were recorded and patients indicated their level of comfort using a 10-point Borg scale. Results: In all, 20 patients, aged 68 ± 13 years (standard deviation) and ventilated for 4.9 days, were enrolled. Of 20 patients, 13 had COPD and 7 had OHS. No ventilator mode, flow, or tidal volume provided consistently greater comfort between the groups, but patients reported substantial ranges of comfort (up to 8 Borg points) across the ventilator settings studied. There were no significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or airway pressures within patients across ventilator settings or between the groups, but patients with OHS were more tachypneic compared to patients with COPD while breathing on assist control of 6 mL/kg (constant flow 60 L/min) and 8 mL/kg (decelerating flow 40 L/min). There was no correlation between comfort and systolic blood pressure, heart rate, or respiratory rate. Conclusion: Ventilator parameters may impact patients’ comfort substantially. Future studies may help identify evidence-based methodology for gauging comfort following changes in ventilator settings and the settings that are most likely to positively impact various groups of patients.
The antibiotic micrococcin acts on protein L11 at the ribosomal GTPase centre.

Micrococcin-resistant mutants of Bacillus megaterium that carry mutations affecting ribosomal protein L11 have been characterised. The mutants fall into two groups. "L11-minus" strains containing an L11 gene with deletions, insertions or nonsense mutations which grow 2.5-fold slower than the wild-type strain, whereas other mutants carrying single-site substitutions within an 11 amino acid residue segment of the N-terminal domain of L11 grow normally. Protein L11 binds to 23 S rRNA within the ribosomal GTPase centre which regulates GTP hydrolysis on ribosomal factors. Micrococcin binding within the rRNA component of this centre was probed on wild-type and mutant ribosomes, in vivo, using dimethyl sulphate where it generated an rRNA footprint indistinguishable from that produced in vitro, even after the cell growth had been arrested by treatment with either kirromycin or fusidic acid. No drug-rRNA binding was detected in vivo for the L11-minus mutants, while reduced binding (approximately 30-fold) was observed for two single-site mutants P23L and P26L. For the latter, the reduced drug affinity alone did not account for the resistance-phenotype because rapid cell growth occurred even at drug concentrations that would saturate the ribosomes. Micrococcin was also bound to complexes containing an rRNA fragment and wild-type or mutant L11, expressed as fusion proteins, and they were probed with proteinases. The drug produced strong protection effects on the wild-type protein and weak effects on the P23L and P26L mutant proteins. We infer that inhibition of cell growth by micrococcin, as for thiostrepton, results from the imposition of a conformational constraint on protein L11 which, in turn, perturbs the function(s) of the ribosomal factor-guanosine nucleotide complexes.
Challenges in the Cell-Based Design of Very-High-Speed SiGe-Bipolar ICs at 100 Gb/s

A cell-based design concept for the efficient design of higher integrated SiGe-bipolar circuits operating at data rates equal to or greater than 100 Gb/s is proposed. The performance limitations of circuit designs at these high data rates are discussed with special regard to associated cell-based design aspects. The performances of two cell-based designs are demonstrated by a 100 Gb/s 2:1 multiplexer IC and a 100 Gb/s 1:2 demultiplexer IC with on-chip clock- and data-recovery.
Is Extended Selective Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection Indicated for Treatment of Oral Cancer with Clinically Negative Neck?

Oral cavity tumors may develop occult metastases to the cervical lymph nodes. Current imaging techniques and routine histopathologic methods may fail to detect lymph node micrometastases, but the surgeon has to electively dissect a neck at risk of developing clinical disease. Supraomohyoid neck dissection has been the elective surgery for treating a clinically negative neck in patients with oral cavity primaries. A literature review revealed that level IV nodes can be significantly affected by occult disease with and without metastases in level I-III lymph nodes. This means that level IV nodes have to be included in the supraomohyoid neck dissection, resulting in a more extensive surgical procedure to ensure a margin of oncological safety.
Perception of stigma towards TB among patients on DOTS & patients attending general OPD in Delhi.

BACKGROUND In India, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a public health problem. One of the key reasons for it is the stigma associated with the disease which affects the treatment seeking behaviour and hence the outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the perceived and enacted stigma among TB patients and perceptions of other patients related to TB in Central Delhi. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted in urban field practice area of a medical college of Delhi, using a pre-designed questionnaire containing items for assessment of stigma being faced by a TB patient in family, social life and workplace. It also contained questions pertaining to reaction of patients from general OPD to a family member who develops TB. RESULTS A total of 100 patients on DOTS and 200 patients from general OPD were interviewed. There were 21 patients who reported to have delayed treatment seeking due to stigma. Nearly one third patients (n=34; 34%) noted negative changes in the behaviour of their family members towards them while 40% were isolated on being diagnosed with the disease. Out of the 36 employed TB patients, 65.5% (n=23) experienced negative change in the behaviour of their colleagues. In general OPD patients, significantly higher proportion of female patients said that they would not disclose the disease status of a family member suffering from TB to their neighbours (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Perception of stigmatizing effect of Tuberculosis was high both amongst TB and other patients. Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) strategies are needed to address the effects of stigma like delayed treatment seeking.