Institutional Anomalies of Russian Nanoindustry: «Gaps», «Traps», Dysfunctions and Failures

Institutionalization of new general purpose technologies includes a range of stages that are peculiar for typical institutional anomalies. At the stage of recognition, acknowledgment, and start of lobbying of general purpose technologies, various forms of heteronomy are manifested – i.e., co-existence of the institutes of the previous and new modes (including institutional “holes”, “emptiness”, “gaps”, etc.); hypogenesis (insufficient development) of the institutes that support the new mode; high risks of formation of fuzzy institutes. The stage of active state support, complex formal institutionalization, and expansion of general purpose technologies are peculiar for the following risks: development of state’s “failures”, including incorrect determination of top-priority directions of budget support under the influence of rent-oriented behavior of sectorial lobby; lock-in of the technological evolution on a sub-optimal trajectory under the influence of very tough standardization and excessive regulation; distorted collaboration, peculiar for a complex balance of cooperation and opportunism. The stage of social legitimization of general purpose technologies is related RESUMEN: La institucionalización de nuevas tecnologías de propósito general incluye una serie de etapas que son peculiares para las anomalías institucionales típicas. En la etapa del reconocimiento, del reconocimiento, y del comienzo del cabildeo de las tecnologías de fines generales, se manifiestan varias formas de heteronimiaes decir, la coexistencia de los institutos de los modos anteriores y nuevos (incluyendo "agujeros institucionales", "vacío", " brechas ", etc.); hypogénesis (desarrollo insuficiente) de los institutos que apoyan el nuevo modo; altos riesgos de formación de institutos difusos. La etapa del apoyo activo del estado, la institucionalización formal compleja y la expansión de las tecnologías de propósito general son peculiares para los siguientes riesgos: desarrollo de los "fracasos" del estado, incluida la determinación incorrecta de las direcciones de prioridad superior de apoyo presupuestario bajo la influencia del comportamiento orientado al alquiler del lobby sectorial; bloqueo de la evolución tecnológica en una trayectoria subóptima bajo la influencia de una estandarización muy estricta y una regulación excesiva; colaboración distorsionada, to development of mental anomalies (negative mass stereotypes) and pathologies (technofobia). Institutional anomalies of formation of nanoindustry in the RF include negative effect of path dependence, related to establishment of the model of overtaking development; deficit and fuzziness of normative institutes (underdevelopment of terminology and classification of nanotechnologies and products of nanoindustry, absence of professional standards, etc.); irrational mental models (deficit of trust, technophobia, etc.); hypogenesis and disfunctions of the institutes of development due to high rates of their implementation and weak complimentarity. For overcoming the anomalous forms of nanoindustry’s institutionalization, involvement of the wide circle of stakeholders into the process of creation of institutes and mechanisms of its regulation is very important.