Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On content modification attacks in bilateral teleoperation systems

In this paper, content modification attacks on bilateral teleoperation system are investigated. The vulnerability of bilateral teleoperation systems to content modification attacks is initially studied, wherein the attacker can modify the states being exchanged between the master and the slave robot. Subsequently, a static malignant content modification attack (MCoMA) is introduced that ensures that the robot joint velocities are rendered unstable. A safety mechanism is then introduced to safeguard against static MCoMA. Finally, a dynamic subterfuge MCoMA that bypasses the safety mechanism is proposed. The efficacy of proposed attacks is studied using numerical simulations.
Aspects of survival and adaptation in human aging.

Survivors and nonsurvivors from a previous multidisciplinary study of community-resident aged men were compared to determine the effects of certain personality factors and critical experiences upon survival and adaptation. The results suggest that survival among this group of aged men may be associated with the individual's self-view and sense of continued usefulness as well as with such physical factors as chronic cigarette smoking and arteriosclerosis.
Nonreentrant mechanisms underlying spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in a model of nonischemic heart failure in rabbits.

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to define the mechanisms of spontaneously occurring ventricular arrhythmias in the setting of nonischemic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-dimensional cardiac mapping from 232 intramural sites was performed in four rabbits with heart failure induced by combined aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis and in four control rabbits. During the development of heart failure, serial echocardiographic examination demonstrated a progressive increase in left ventricular (LV) chamber dimensions and a decrease in LV systolic function over 19 +/- 2 months. Serial Holter monitoring demonstrated spontaneously occurring premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) (up to 13,000 per day) and couplets in all four rabbits with heart failure, and runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) up to 26 beats long in three. Mapping of spontaneous rhythm was performed for up to 60 minutes. None of the control rabbits demonstrated spontaneous arrhythmias during mapping. Three rabbits with heart failure demonstrated isolated PVCs, and two demonstrated couplets and runs of nonsustained VT up to 4 beats long. The three-dimensional activation sequence of 50 sinus beats (42 from rabbits with heart failure; 8 from control rabbits), 19 PVCs, and 37 beats of couplets and nonsustained VT was determined and the mechanism of arrhythmia defined for all ventricular ectopic beats analyzed. Normal sinus beats from the failing rabbits activated rapidly, with a total activation time of 28 +/- 1 ms (P = .18 versus sinus beats from control hearts, 26 +/- 1 ms). Sinus beats preceding PVCs in the rabbits with heart failure activated in a similar fashion, with a total activation time of 26 +/- 1 ms. In each case, these PVCs initiated in the subendocardium by a nonreentrant mechanism based on the absence of intervening electrical activity between the termination of the preceding beat and the initiation of the next (225 +/- 7 ms), despite the presence of multiple intervening electrode recording sites. Couplets and monomorphic and polymorphic VTs were due to repetitive nonreentrant activation at the same or different subendocardial sites. Total activation time of beats of VT averaged 44 +/- 1 ms and did not differ from that of isolated PVCs (43 +/- 2 ms, P = .65). Pathological analysis of tissue demonstrated myocardial fiber hypertrophy, degenerative changes, and interstitial fibrosis throughout the failing hearts. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneously occurring PVCs, couplets, and VT in a model of nonischemic heart failure are due to nonreentrant mechanisms such as triggered activity or abnormal automaticity. Approaches to the treatment of spontaneously occurring ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic heart failure should be directed at nonreentrant mechanisms.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: Characteristics of a Primary Generalized Epilepsy

Summary: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a primary generalized epilepsy that affects approximately 7% of adolescent and adult epilepsy patients. JME is characterized by myoclonic seizures alone or combined with generalized tonic‐clonic seizures or absence seizures. Seizures are precipitated by sudden awakening, sleep deprivation, photic stimulation, and alcohol consumption. The ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) shows a typical 4‐ to 6‐Hz polyspike and wave pattern; the interictal EEG may be normal. Valproate controls seizures in approximately 80% of JME patients and is recommended for successful management of this disorder.
TA statistique à petits corpus pour des petits sous-langages

Nous avons applique un systeme de TA statistique au "portage linguistique" de l'arabe au francais de CATS, un systeme traitant le contenu de brefs messages spontanes en langue naturelle (SMS). Il s'agit d'un "sous-langage" tres restreint. Nous ne disposions que d'un tres petit corpus parallele, augmente d'un dictionnaire bilingue assez complet lie a l'application choisie (petites annonces en occasion automobile). Bien que la TA statistique soit reputee ne fonctionner assez bien que si l'on dispose de tres grands corpus paralleles, le systeme que nous avons construit avec Pharaoh a produit des resultats satisfaisants, au sens ou les descripteurs de contenu obtenus sont assez proches de ceux obtenus a partir des SMS correspondants en arabe. Il semble donc qu'on puisse se passer de tres grands corpus pour utiliser efficacement la TA statistique sur des "sous-langages" tres restreints : les traductions ne sont pas tres "fluides", mais elles sont "adequates", et ce meme si les deux "langues-meres" des deux sous-langages consideres sont assez distantes.
Peptide nucleic acids stimulate gamma interferon and inhibit the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus.

BACKGROUND Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are newly appreciated molecules consisting of both amino acids and nucleotides that already have been shown to have interesting properties; for example, they are very stable and have antisense activity. Reticulose, a peptide nucleic acid preparation that had been used for many years to treat human viral infections such as influenza, was investigated for inhibitory effects on the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cell culture systems. METHODS H9 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with reticulose before, during, and after infection with HIV-1 at various multiplicities. Treatment of cells with PNA significantly inhibited replication of HIV-1 as measured by synthesis of viral mRNA and p24 protein, reverse transcriptase activity, and syncitial cell formation. Exposure of cells to PNA under conditions that favor transfection of DNA, such as electroporation, markedly enhanced the inhibition of HIV replication. RESULTS In experiments to examine the mechanism of inhibition, it was found that PNA stimulated production of a distinctive cassette of chemokine mRNAs in PBMC cultures. Cytokines stimulated by reticulose included gamma interferon, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, and tissue necrosis factor-alpha. CONCLUSIONS These results offer new tools for the study of immune functions and, moreover, open new approaches to the therapy of HIV infection and AIDS.
Interictal Behavioral Features of Patients With Epilepsy

Summary: Three questions are dealt with in this paper. (1) Do patients with epilepsy differ behaviorally from normal control groups and from persons with other medical and neurological conditions with respect to emotional adjustment, and if so, in what ways? (2) Are patients with temporal lobe epilepsy different emotionally or behaviorally from patients with other types of epilepsy? (3) To what degree does underlying brain dysfunction create a substrate for abnormal and maladaptive behavior? A review of the literature reveals the following. (1) Persons with epilepsy demonstrate more emotional and psychiatric problems than normal individuals and more difficulties than other patient groups having nonneurological disorders, but have about the same incidence of these problems as persons with other neurological disorders. (2) Increased emotional and psychiatric problems are not found among patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in comparison to patients with other types of epilepsy, although there are some behavioral peculiarities which appear in a small proportion of these patients. (3) There is a mild tendency for impairment on neuropsychological tests to be associated with emotional and psychiatric problems in epilepsy.
A Mechanism for Reentry in Canine Ventricular Tissue

In isolated canine papillary muscle-false tendon preparations it was possible by selecting the pattern of stimulation to obtain conduction block within the peripheral distribution of the Purkinje network. Action potentials recorded just proximal to the site of block were always extremely brief in duration; refractory periods were abbreviated accordingly. When propagation from specialized fibers to muscle fibers was made very critical, conduction block occurred at some Purkinje-muscle junctions while propagation continued through others. Under these conditions very early reentrant activity could be obtained in terminal Purkinje fibers. With proper timing, the impulse propagated back to the false tendon and emerged as a closely coupled extrasystole. Occasionally, the activity returned again to muscle and resulted in a double reentry. Electrotonic shortening of action potentials of Purkinje fibers at relatively long distances upstream from a site of block facilitated the reentry of proximal elements. Partial reentry of the Purkinje system created conditions favoring fractionation of the reentrant wave front.
Boomeranging in structural defense

Plant defensive behaviors that resist arthropod herbivory include trichome-mediated defenses, and variation in plant trichome morphology and abundance provides examples of the mechanistic complexities of insect-plant interactions. Trichomes were removed from Cycas revoluta cataphylls on the island of Guam to reveal Aulacaspis yasumatsui scale infestation, and predation of the newly exposed insects by pre-existing Rhyzobius lophanthae beetles commenced within one day. The quotient of predated/total scale insects was 0.5 by day 4 and stabilized at that found on adjacent glabrous leaves in about one week. The trichome phenotype covering the C. revoluta cataphyll complex offers the invasive A. yasumatsui armored scale effectual enemy-free space in this system. This pest and predator share no known evolutionary history with C. revoluta, therefore, the adaptive significance of this plant behavior in natural habitat is not yet known.
Bacteriophage T4-coded dihydrofolate reductase: synthesis, turnover, and location of the virion protein

Dihydrofolate reductase plays a dual role in bacteriophage T4, first, as an enzyme of thymidylate metabolism, and second, as a protein component of the tail baseplate. Antibody to the purified enzyme has been used to study its synthesis and intracellular turnover. The antibody specifically precipitates one protein from T4D-infected cell extracts. This has been identified as dihydrofolate reductase, although the polypeptide molecular weight (22,000) is lower than that earlier determined for this enzyme. The protein comigrates on gels with pY, a genetically undefined protein component of the baseplate. However, it is not pY, for pY is synthesized late in infection, whereas virtually no dihydrofolate reductase synthesis occurs later than 10 min after infection at 37 degrees C. Dihydrofolate reductase, once formed, is neither degraded nor converted to proteins of higher or lower molecular weight. Thus, it is probably incorporated into virions at the same molecular weight as that of the soluble enzyme. 125I-radiolabeled antibody binds to the wedge substructure of the baseplate, and this binding is blocked by preincubation with purified T4 dihydrofolate reductase. Thus, the enzyme protein seems to be a component of the wedge.
A quickly constructing strategy for mathematical model based on mathematical templates in embedded GIS

Motivated by the principles of artificial neural networks in artificial intelligence, this paper presents the concept of mathematical templates and method for the construction of the mathematical model (called model for short) through these templates nesting and recursive calls. Based on this idea, a new strategy for the construction and its application of the model in embedded GIS are advanced, first, the model is decomposed into mathematical templates based on the model management system running on Window-Desktop Platform, then it is saved in file as the format which can be used by embedded GIS terminal. Finally, it is constructed and applied in embedded terminal by nesting and recursive calls of the composed templates according to the information from the file. This method eliminates the flaw of solidifying the program of models to a certain extent and could realize the quickly constructing and updating of the model in embedded GIS.
Characterization of Optical Absorption and Polarization Dependence of Single-Layer Graphene Integrated on a Silicon Wire Waveguide

Optical absorption efficiency of graphene integrated onto a silicon photonic platform was characterized at around 1.55-µm optical telecommunications wavelength. Micro-Raman spectroscopy performed after the completion of all fabrication processes confirmed that transferred chemical-vapor-deposited graphene is a single layer (>90% coverage) without any significant damage. Absorption efficiencies of the single-layer graphene (SLG) on a silicon wire waveguide, obtained by measuring different lengths (cutback method) of the SLG from 2.5 to 200 µm, were 0.09 and 0.05 dB/µm for TE- and TM-polarized light. The unusual relationship in the polarization dependency can be explained by strong surface-plasmon-porlariton support in the TM mode.
Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in three communities in north Vietnam

Objectives (1) To investigate the response to a serum antigen‐detecting ELISA for cysticercosis and a stool coproantigen test for taeniasis in two rural communities (mountainous and coastal areas) and one group of (peri‐)urban factory workers; and (2) to examine clinical features of human cysticercosis in northern Vietnam.
Optimizing power using transformations

The increasing demand for portable computing has elevated power consumption to be one of the most critical design parameters. A high-level synthesis system, HYPER-LP, is presented for minimizing power consumption in application specific datapath intensive CMOS circuits using a variety of architectural and computational transformations. The synthesis environment consists of high-level estimation of power consumption, a library of transformation primitives, and heuristic/probabilistic optimization search mechanisms for fast and efficient scanning of the design space. Examples with varying degree of computational complexity and structures are optimized and synthesized using the HYPER-LP system. The results indicate that more than an order of magnitude reduction in power can be achieved over current-day design methodologies while maintaining the system throughput; in some cases this can be accomplished while preserving or reducing the implementation area. >
SNS and 3rd Party Applications Privacy Policies and their Construction of Privacy Concerns

In this paper we use template analysis to study the content of privacy policies both of online social networks as well as 3 party application providers. After analysing and prioritising the topics mentioned in these policies, we discuss potential problems, limitations of privacy policies, and the responsibilities they assign to various stakeholders. These findings will, in future work serve as stakeholder input for aligning social networking sites’ privacy definitions, concerns, and practices.
Simulation of gossip averaging based clock synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks

To cope with data collision problem in consensus synchronization algorithm caused by utilizing pseudo-periodic broadcast method, this paper presents a novel gossip averaging based clock synchronization protocol, which combines the a synchronism of rumor communication and the robustness of neighbor averaging. We design a randomized link-activated based relative skew estimation strategy, which realizes gossip averaging compensation for each node's logical clock. Further, in order to accelerate global convergence rate, those links which do not share common point are colored. Numerical simulations are studied to validate the convergence of proposed protocol under different topologies, and the results show that improved mechanism avoid the collision problem effectively.
Atrial Resynchronization for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation − Where Do We Stand Today ?

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is one of the most common forms of arrhythmias and represents a significant management problem [1] due to the generally alarming onset of symptoms, the disability these symptoms produce, the possibility of thromboembolic complications and the often unsatisfactory results, or even undesirable effects [2] of drug therapy. The symptoms, especially in the presence of underlying heart disease, significantly deteriorate the quality of life for a large number of PAF patients. In Europe, it has been estimated that 1.6 to 2% of the general population (with the number greatly increasing after age 65) presents with atrial fibrillation (AF), and that 40% of these cases are PAF. Approximately 12% of PAF cases corresponding to about 396,000 patients (216,000 of them older than 65) present with severely symptomatic PAF that is refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic drug therapy [3]. A lot of interest is being directed towards this last patient group in finding ways to prevent or reduce the symptoms of this debilitating arrhythmia. The extremely heterogeneous nature of AF requires therapies that are specially adapted to the genesis of this in the individual case. This paper summarizes the theoretical expectations, first clinical experiences, and future strategies of atrial resynchronization therapy in patients with interatrial conduction disturbances.
Prognostic significance of DNA‐analysis by flow cytometry in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

DNA analysis by flow cytometry was performed on lymph node cells obtained from 65 untreated patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. According to the Kiel classification 41 cases were of low grade malignancy and 24 cases belonged to the high grade malignancy group. 47 out of 61 evaluable cases were diploid/near‐diploid, 12 were aneuploid and 2 cases showed polyploidy. No difference in survival was found between diploid/near‐diploid and aneuploid cases.
Effect of Varidase (Streptokinase) on Biofilm Formed by Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus forms a fibrin-rich biofilm in the presence of plasma which is highly resistant to attack by the human immune system and to chemotherapy. Varidase, composed mainly of streptokinase, is used for hydrolyzing clots. In this study, we attempted to destroy the biofilm of S. aureus with Varidase and to apply this drug in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Four clinical isolates were used in the experiments. These organisms formed a several-millimeter-thick biofilm on type IV collagen coated coverslips in trypticase soy broth containing 50% human plasma. The biofilm was composed of bacterial cell which adhered to fibrillar fibers and of sediment derived from plasma. 10,000 U/ml of Varidase, the dose which is used clinically, removed the sediment and reduced the number of live bacteria in biofilms to less than 20% of control. 200 U/ml of Varidase was also effective against biofilms of the organisms. An equal combination of Varidase and ofloxacin had an additive effect on the bacteria. The results of this study demonstrate that Varidase is highly effective in destroying biofilms of S. aureus in vitro and suggest that this drug would be useful for treating staphylococcal infections.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes Reveal Differential Patterns of Docosahexaenoic Acid Partitioning in Two Marine Algal Strains of Isochrysis

The marine microalgae Isochrysis are a good producer of natural docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To better understand the patterns of DHA accumulation and distribution, two Isochrysis strains, CL153180 and CCMP462, were evaluated in this study. In a batch culture, CL153180 showed a decline in DHA content while CCMP462 exhibited a progressive increase during the late growth period when nitrogen was almost exhausted. In response to nitrogen deficiency (ND), both strains showed a considerable increase in neutral lipids (NL) at the expense of glycolipids (GL) but had little variation in phospholipids (PL). In CL153180, the DHA percentage of NL decreased gradually upon ND, while that in CCMP462 increased progressively to 21.4% after 4 days of ND, which is around 5-fold higher than CL153180. Accordingly, in contrast to CL153180 that stored DHA predominantly in GL, CCMP462 accumulated DHA mainly in NL in late days of ND. Taken together, we proposed a working model for the differential DHA partitioning patterns between two Isochrysis strains: for CCMP462, the degradation of GL released free fatty acids including DHA, which was incorporated into NL upon ND; whereas for CL153180, the released DHA from GL might not be incorporated into NL, and, consequently, might be subject to β-oxidation for degradation.
Fully functional, naturally occurring and C-terminally truncated variant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Vif does not bind to HIV Gag but influences intermediate filament structure.

A variant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vif gene, vifA45-2, which encodes a protein lacking 19 amino acids at the C terminus but which is fully functional in supporting HIV replication in non-permissive cells has been described previously. By employing newly generated anti-VifA45 serum, further properties of VifA45 and its full-length counterpart, VifA45open, in comparison to Vif from HIV strain BH10 are reported in permissive HeLa and COS-7 cells. The results obtained using confocal microscopic localization studies and in vitro binding assays do not support a requirement for the direct interaction of HIV Gag with Vif. Furthermore and in contrast to previous conclusions, detergent solubility analyses do not demonstrate a role for the C terminus of Vif in mediating localization to the fraction containing cellular membrane proteins. Localization of Vif from HIV strain BH10 to perinuclear aggregates in a small fraction (about 10%) of transfected HeLa cells has been previously reported. The intermediate filament protein vimentin colocalizes to these structures. In contrast, VifA45 and VifA45open form perinuclear aggregates in nearly all transfected HeLa cells; vimentin as well as the cytoskeletal-bridging protein plectin, but not the microtubular protein tubulin, become relocalized to these structures. Interestingly, in COS-7 cells, all of the functional Vif proteins tested (Vif from strain BH10, VifA45 and VifA45open) predominantly localize in the cytoplasm but still induce dramatic aggregation of vimentin and plectin, i.e. in these cells the respective Vif proteins are influencing intermediate filament structure in the absence of colocalization.