Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of macroinvertebrate assemblages of permanent and temporary streams in an Alpine flood plain, Switzerland

Temporary streams are a common but little studied feature of alpine flood plains. We examined macroinvertebrate assemblages of temporary and permanent alpine streams in the Swiss Alps over a seasonal cycle (spring through autumn). Temporary streams contained fewer taxa and lower zoobenthos abundances than permanent streams, although within stream type variability was high. Temporary streams that dried in early summer were dominated by Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, whereas those that dried later in summer were dominated only by Chironomidae. Permanent streams were dominated by Chironomidae and Turbellaria or Chironomidae and EPT taxa. No seasonal increase in taxon richness was evident in either stream type, but taxa were replaced by other taxa over time. Chironomid assemblages had higher richness in permanent streams, and Orthocladiinae were rare in temporary streams. The life cycle of the common simuliid Prosimulium latimucro was more synchronous, and its development faster, in temporary than permanent sites. High temperatures and low precipitation caused drought conditions in summer 2003. In one permanent stream, the assemblage was dominated by chironomids in 2002 (a normal weather year), while the turbellarian Crenobia alpina accounted for ∼ 50 % of the assemblage in 2003. Temporal changes in assemblage composition shifted 2-3 weeks earlier in 2003 compared to 2002. Development and growth of P. latimucro was faster in 2003 than in 2002. Although these temporary alpine streams displayed similar biotic characteristics to temporary streams in other biomes, they appear to be highly sensitive to inter-annual changes in climate.
Increasing of Plasma Cholecystokinin Level and Jejunum Histological Changes After Treatment with Soybean Extracts Protein

It is well known that soybean has beneficial health effects. There are lot of active compounds in soybean, like protein and anti nutrition factors (ANF). Trypsin inhibitor and lectin, two kinds of ANF have an adverse effect on the morphology and function of digestive tract in animals. β-conglycinin in soybean protein, has been proven has reducing body weight effect through increasing cholecystokinin (CCK) level. The aim of this study was to measure plasma CCK level and the histological changes of jejunum in Wistar rats after treatment with protein extract of Willis raw soybean (PEWS), protein extract of Detam 1 raw soybean (PEDS) and protein extract of Detam 1 tempeh (PEDT) for 14 days. This study was also to ascertain whether β-conglycinin and ANF contribute to reducing body weight by giving PEWS, PEDS, and PEDT to 4 groups of 6 rats for 14 days. We observed food intake, body weight, CCK level, and histological profile of jejunum. As a conclusion, PEWS, PEDS, and PEDT treatment to Wistar Rats for 14 days caused increasing CCK plasma level and jejunum villi atrophy. The reducing body weight is caused not only by β-conglycinin but probably by ANF as well.
Differential protection against papaya ringspot virus isolates in coat protein gene transgenic papaya and classically cross-protected papaya.

Transgenic papaya expressing the coat protein gene of the mild papaya ringspot virus strain from Hawaii (PRV HA 5-1) showed high levels of resistance against the severe PRV HA isolate from Hawaii. Inoculation with high concentrations of the virus, multiple mechanical inoculations, or graft inoculations failed to break the resistance of transgenic papaya. Virus recovery assays from these inoculated plants suggested that virus replication and movement were impaired. Transgenic papaya also showed high levels of resistance against severe PRV isolates recently collected from Hawaii. Similarly, PRV HA 5-1 cross-protected papaya offered high levels of protection against two of the three isolates from Hawaii
Composición química y actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de hojas de Piper lanceaefolium, planta usada tradicionalmente en Colombia * (Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper lanceaefolium a plant traditionally used in Colombia)

The essential oil from the leaves of Piper lanceaefolium Kunth, collected of the department of Choco, in the north-western Colombia, and identified by botanists from Herbarium National Colombian –COL (voucher No. 519969), This plant is called frequently cordoncillo and desinchadora (for anti-inflammatory action). The essential oil obtained by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD), was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 43 constituents, representing 97.4% of the oil were identified. The main compound was trans-β-cariofileno (11.6%), followed germacreno D (10.7%), α-selineno (7.8%), β-pineno (5.4%), β -selineno (4.8%) y α-cubebeno (4.3%). P. lanceaefolium was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
The species of Pseudaphya (Teleostei: Gobiidae) and the evolution of aphyiine gobies

The Mediterranean gobiid genus Pseudaphya Iljin, 1930, formerly containing two nominal species, the type Ps. ferreri (O. De Buen & Page, 1908) and Ps. pelagica De Buen, 1931, is now believed to be monotypic after examination of Adriatic material originally identified as Gobius pusillus Canestrini, 1861. The last is here provisionally regarded as Pomato-schistus knerii (Steindachner, 1861). The genus Pseudaphya is redefined, with additional osteological features, and its single species, Ps. ferreri, redescribed. In comparison with other small transparent gobiids, Pseudaphya is shown to possess certain primitive features and a possible mode of evolution for this group of tiny gobies by neoteny from postlarvae of hill-stream sicydiines is discussed. An origin from less specialized gobiines seems more acceptable.
Influence of oat β-glucan preparations on the perception of mouthfeel and on rheological properties in beverage prototypes

ABSTRACT The aim was to study the effect of concentration and molecular weight of four different β-glucan preparations on the perceived sensory quality of a beverage prototype. The correlations between sensory and instrumental measures were investigated. Two of the preparations were brantype containing high molecular weight β-glucan, two were more-processed low molecular weight β-glucan preparations. Twelve beverage samples containing 0.25–2% β-glucan and one reference sample thickened with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were profiled by a sensory panel and analyzed by instrumental measurements (viscosity and molecular weight). Sensory profiles of the beverages varied at the same concentration of β-glucan, depending on β-glucan preparation. Beverages made with the bran-type preparations were more viscous and had higher perceived thickness than beverages made with more-processed, low molecular weight preparations. Moderate correlations were obtained between perceived thickness and sliminess and instrumental.
EFFECTS OF CO-INOCULATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND RHIZOBIUM ON THE TRIPARTITE ASSOCIATION WITH FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum) AND LENTIL (Lens culinaris) UNDER SASKATCHEWAN FIELD CONDITIONS

iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvi
Diversity and Suitability for Hybrid Production of Different Sources of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize1

The epiphytotic of Helminthosporlum maydis, race T, in 1970 on the Texas male sterile cytoplasm demonstrated the dangers of using a uniform cytoplasm for hybrid corn production. Resistance to H. maydis, race T, was obtained by switching to non-male-sterile cytoplasms. This shift increased cytoplasmic diversity but necessitated the return to detasseling female parents. Sources of male sterile cytoplasms resistant to H. maydis, race T, are known and are being substituted for non-male sterile cytoplasms in the production of commercial corn hybrids. We have proposed that a return to male sterile cytoplasm is practical if precautions are taken to ensure that cytoplasmic diversity is maintained. It was our objective in this study to determine the extent of diversity as measured by differential fertility restoration reactions within most of the known sources o[ cytoplasmic male sterility and to evaluate the suitability of each male sterile cytoplasm for hybrid production in various inbred backgrounds. We, therefore, examined the fertility restoration of 38 sources of cytoplasmic male sterility in 28 inbred backgrounds. The sources of male sterility could be divided into three groups (C,S, and T groups) with similar fertility restoration patterns within groups by 11 of the inbred lines. Cytoplasmic sources B, CH, I), EP, LF, NT, OY, SG, 181, and 234 did not fit the fertility restoration pattern of any of these groups. Although three groups of cytoplasms were distinguished, the fertility restoration reactions with some inbred lines indicated diversity within the groups. Sixteen inbred lines restored certain members of a group of cytoplasms but failed to restore others. Most of the inbreds test,~ formed fully male sterile combinations with several cytoplasmic sources. The feasibility of producing hybrid corn utilizing a physical mixture of male sterile cytoplasms (multiplasm) to insure cytoplasmic diversity is discussed.
Microbiological Control of Bacterial Soft Rot Caused by Bacillus pumilus Od23 on Potato

Potato soft rot, caused by Bacillus pumilus Od23, greatly affect potato tuber quality in storage and cultivars of Mali and indicated that it can affect all potato cultivars. Bacteria isolated from soil rhizosphere samples of healthy Malian indigenous trees were screened for their antagonistic effect against this pathogen. Three actinomycetes isolates (RoN, G1P, and N1F) were the most effective microbioagents in suppressing the growth of the pathogen. The biological control essay showed the possibility of controlling potato soft rot by these three actinomycetes isolates under conservation conditions. These treatments significantly decreased soft rot compared with the untreated potato tuber slices. The microbiological control results of this study suggest that the actinomycetes isolates RoN, G1P and and J1N are effective microbioagents in controlling soft rot of potato and could be considered as promising alternative to chemical products.
A Comparison of the Accumulation and Partitioning of Nitrogen in Plants between Two Rice Cultivars, Akenohoshi and Nipponbare, at the Ripening Stage

Abstract To clarify the factors responsible for the maintenance of a high rate of photosynthesis at the ripening stage in the high-yield rice cultivar Akenohoshi, as compared with that in a Japanese standard cultivar, Nipponbare, we investigated the nitrogen content of leaves, focusing on the accumulation and the partitioning of nitrogen in rice plants. The nitrogen content of leaves of plants that were grown in the field or in pots remained higher in Akenohoshi than in Nipponbare during the ripening stage, and there was a close correlation between the rate of photosynthesis and the nitrogen content irrespective of cultivar and treatment. The accumulation of nitrogen in the whole plant was greater in Akenohoshi than in Nipponbare before heading and during the ripening stage. The extent of partitioning of nitrogen to leaves was higher and that to ears was lower in Akenohoshi than in Nipponbare during the ripening stage. By application of additional nitrogen fertilizer to Nipponbare, the nitrogen content of leaves was increased as a result of the increased accumulation of nitrogen in the whole plant and the enhanced partitioning of nitrogen to leaves. Our results indicate that the higher nitrogen content of Akenohoshi leaves was due to the greater accumulation of nitrogen in the plant before heading and during the ripening stage and the more effective partitioning of nitrogen to leaves during the ripening stage, which resulted in the maintenance of a high rate of photosynthesis during ripening.
Application of Indirect Signs of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Prenatal Diagnosis of Abnormally Invasive Placenta

Background The aim of this study was to assess the value of indirect MRI signs in the prenatal diagnosis of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). Material/Methods This study involved the retrospective analysis of indirect signs of 109 patients with AIP and 59 patients without AIP. The numbers of cases of placenta increta, accreta, and percreta confirmed by surgical and pathological results were 54, 19, and 36, respectively. The indirect signs included the following: dark intraplacental bands in T2WI sequence, focal outward bulging of the placenta, abnormal placental vascularity, and heterogeneous placental signal intensity. Results There were significant differences in dark intraplacental bands in T2WI sequence, focal outward bulging of the placenta, and abnormal placental vascularity between the AIP and the non-AIP groups. There was no significant difference in dark intraplacental bands in T2WI sequence between the placenta percreta and increta groups, but there was a significant difference between the other 2 AIP groups and the placenta accreta group. Focal outward bulging of the placenta was significantly different between the percreta group and the placenta accreta group, but there was no significant difference between the other 2 AIP groups and the placenta increta group. There were no significant differences in abnormal placental vascularity among the3 subtypes of AIP. Conclusions The indirect signs of dark intraplacental bands in T2WI sequence, focal outward bulging of the placenta, and abnormal placental vascularity are reliable signs of AIP. The indirect sign of dark intraplacental bands in T2WI sequence may be used to distinguish placental accreta from the other 2 subtypes of AIP.
ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE AND CA2+-ATPASE CYTOCHEMISTRY OF 'SEAMLESS' ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN THE RAT BRAIN

Capillaries having lumen formed by perforation of a single endothelial cell-the so-called seamless endothelial cell-have been reported by Wolff [30]. Seamless endothelial cells occur in the central nervous system and in other organs. This type of cell is more frequently observed where there is extensive vascularization. In the rat, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is completed around the third week after birth. The activities of several enzymes correlate well with the functional heterogeneity of the microvascular endothelial lining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) are representative enzymes revealing capillary permeability. In the present communication, the fine structural localizations of ALPase and Ca2+-ATPase were studied in the brain of young adult rats, with special attention being directed towards the enzymatic activities of seamless endothelial cells.
Fast in-memory XPath search using compressed indexes

A large fraction of an XML document typically consists of text data. The XPath query language allows text search via the equal, contains, and starts-with predicates. Such predicates can be efficiently implemented using a compressed self-index of the document's text nodes. Most queries, however, contain some parts querying the text of the document, plus some parts querying the tree structure. It is therefore a challenge to choose an appropriate evaluation order for a given query, which optimally leverages the execution speeds of the text and tree indexes. Here the SXSI system is introduced. It stores the tree structure of an XML document using a bit array of opening and closing brackets plus a sequence of labels, and stores the text nodes of the document using a global compressed self-index. On top of these indexes sits an XPath query engine that is based on tree automata. The engine uses fast counting queries of the text index in order to dynamically determine whether to evaluate top-down or bottom-up with respect to the tree structure. The resulting system has several advantages over existing systems: (1) on pure tree queries (without text search) such as the XPathMark queries, the SXSI system performs on par or better than the fastest known systems MonetDB and Qizx, (2) on queries that use text search, SXSI outperforms the existing systems by 1-3 orders of magnitude (depending on the size of the result set), and (3) with respect to memory consumption, SXSI outperforms all other systems for counting-only queries.
Regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas na borda de um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica em Pernambuco

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura das especies arboreas regenerantes com maiores valores de Regeneracao Natural Total (RNT) na borda de um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica em Pernambuco. Para isso foram alocadas 40 parcelas de 25 m 2 (5 m x 5 m), sendo estas 20 de cada lado do fragmento. Foram mensurados todos os individuos arboreos com altura da base (CAB 0,30 m ) dos individuos com altura ≥ 1,0 m ou < 15,0 cm circunferencia a altura do peito (CAP 1,30 m ) e medidas as respectivas alturas. As especies que mais se destacaram foram a Eschweilera ovata (12,78%), Miconia prasina (8,18%), Cupania oblongifolia (7,77%), Brosimum guianense (6,75%), Myrcia guianensis (6,06%) e Protium heptapyllum (5,78%). As especies que apresentaram maiores valores RNT sao especies nativas e possuem grandes chances de se estabelecerem na comunidade arborea adulta.
Diversity among Selected Vigna angularis (Azuki) Accessions on the Basis of RAPD and AFLP Markers

Genetic diversity within the azuki Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi genepool has not been extensively examined with molecular markers. The objectives of this study were to: (i) use RAPD and AFLP analyses to assess the genetic similarity among selected azuki accessions from distinct production regions in Asia, and (ii) compare the utility of the two DNA marker systems for evaluating similarity. Results also will provide information for parental selection in a breeding program. Fifty-seven RAPD and 214 AFLP bands were used to assess genetic diversity among 58 azuki accessions. Thirty percent of the RAPD and 18% of the AFLP amplification products were polymorphic among accessions. One AFLP primer pair detected a mean of 11.3 polymorphic bands per reaction versus a mean of 3.2 for each RAPD primer. On the basis of Jaccard's similarity coefficients (JSCs), a higher level of molecular genetic variation was detected among accessions evaluated in this study than in other diversity assessments of azuki. Mean JSC based on AFLP data was significantly higher than that obtained from RAPD data (0.71 and 0.52, respectively), and results from phylogenetic analyses varied between DNA marker systems. A substantial difference in the number of polymorphic bands detected through AFLP versus RAPD analysis may have influenced these results since the ability to resolve genetic relationships among genotypes is related to the number of polymorphisms detected. Cluster analysis revealed groupings among accessions; however, no apparent correlations with putative geographic origin were detected. Results of this study suggest that the level of genetic diversity among selected azuki accessions should be sufficient for developing an intraspecific mapping population.
Production of moderately halotolerant, SDS stable alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus MTCC 6840 isolated from lake Nainital, Uttaranchal state, India

A moderately cold active, extracellular alkaline protease producing bacterium was isolated from a fresh water lake. The isolate was found to be a gram-positive, rod shaped organism later identified as Bacillus cereus MTCC 6840. The bacterium produced the maximum amount of enzyme when allowed to grow for 24 h at temperature 25o and pH 9.0. Among a variety of substrates used, fructose as a carbon source and a combination of yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen source, supported the maximum protease production by the organism (120 U/ml). Fe++ and Co++ stimulated the enzyme activity whereas Ca++, Cu++, K+, Mg++ and Mn++ inhibited it to different extents. The protease was found to be highly stable in the presence of NaCl, SDS and acetone. Treatment with EDTA and PMSF resulted in the considerable loss of enzyme activity. The enzyme was found to be optimally active at pH 9.0 and temperature 20oC.
CULTURE OF THE WEST INDIAN SPIDER CRAB (Mithrax spinosissimus) AT LOS ROQUES, VENEZUELA

Spider crabs, several of which support commercial fisheries, possess biological characteristics which make certain of them potential candidates for mariculture. The giant red spider crab of Caribbean shallaw waters, fished in small numbers and marketed locally, may be one such candidate. Berried females of Mithrax spinosissimus were collected in Antillean fish traps on sandy bottoms at depths of 3–7 m in IDS Roques, Venezuela. They were kept in laboratory tanks with frequent water changes and an ample supply of algae for food. Larvae obtained from natural hatchings were reared in separate tanks prepared with filtered water and phytoplankton. Observations on six hatches from February to August, 1976, yielded similar results: hatching to megalops in 60–72 hours: megalops to juvenile in 130–140 hours. Juveniles were reared on algae and commercial chow in tanks and in floating cages lined with 363 μm screen cloth. Juveniles ranged in length from 3.1–4.7 mm after six weeks and when maintained in aquaria on a diet of algae for seven months continued to show rapid growth. Adults kept in tanks appeared to stay healthy and grew on a diet of algae, though they consumed sessile coelenterates offered to them. Rearing techniques, mariculture potential and ecology of this species are discussed.
Use of Essential Oils as Bioherbicides

Abstract A study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effects of essential oils from Eucalypt, Lawson Cypress, Rosemary and White cedar with the objective of exploring the possibility of their utilization for future weed management. The effects of these four essential oils on the germination of three weed species were examined. The essential oils severely affected the germination percentage of the weed species and showed allelopathic potential. The results demonstrated that germination of the weed species was strongly inhibited by all essential oils, especially Eucalypt oil, when applied at 300 ppm. Results showed that the use of essential oils can be applied for biological control of weeds as pre-emergent weed seed germination inhibitors and, they can decrease the use of chemical herbicides. The possible use of essential oils as herbicides is discussed.
Occurrence of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A in Cereals and Cereal Based Products

The contamination of cereals with toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, mycotoxins, is a permanent challenge in human health. These toxins are produced by a few fungi are mainly of the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, which possesses carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunotoxic and possibly neurotoxic properties. Zearalenone is a non-steroidal estrogenic toxin, which has been involved in incidents of precocious pubertal changes. In this study, we reviewed recent researches in zearalenone and ochratoxin A contamination in cereals and cereal based products.