Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community assembly along proglacial chronosequences in the high Arctic: vegetation and soil development in north‐west Svalbard

1 Community assembly is described for two contrasting high Arctic chronosequences representing glacial regression of up to 2000 years on Svalbard. The chronosequences included a nutrient‐poor glacier foreland (Midtre Lovénbre) and a series of nutrient‐enriched islands (Lovén Islands) progressively released from below a tidewater glacier. 2 Soil development and community assembly paralleled proglacial sequences elsewhere but time scales were extended and mature vegetation types comprised species‐poor prostrate communities. 3 Initial colonization by Cyanobacteria stabilized soil surfaces and raised nutrient status. Cyanobacteria formed the dominant ground cover (up to 34%) for 60 years, after when they declined. 4 Vascular plants established slowly and represented minor components of ground cover for the first 100 years. Earliest colonizers were often species with ectomycorrhizal associations, followed by mid‐successional species that tended to disappear as ground cover increased. Some species present in the mature vegetation at the oldest sites, established only after 60+ years. 5 Species richness of vascular plants increased for c. 100 years, beyond when only occasional species were added. Bryophytes became increasingly dominant with time. 6 Soil development on the Midtre Lovénbre and Lovén Island chronosequences was similar after 100 years. Differences subsequently developed, with organic horizon depth, percentage organic matter and water content on the older Lovén islands significantly greater than at equivalent Midtre Lovénbre sites. This was associated with increased bryophyte cover but lower vascular plant species richness. One explanation is a slightly more favourable microclimate, coupled with nutrient input from nesting birds. 7 Communities progressively recruit from a limited pool of effectively dispersed species, each with particular ecological requirements that determine their point of entry into the community. A measure of determinism by default is suggested in the way communities assembled. 8 Under climate warming, in the absence of nutrient enrichment, community development will accelerate but will be constrained by nutrient limitations and a restricted species pool. Where nutrients are less limiting, acceleration towards a moss‐dominated community is expected, with a lower species richness of vascular plants.
Amino acid digestibility of various feedstuffs using different methods

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the amino acid digestibility of several feedstuffs using two commonly accepted methods; the precisionfed cecectomized rooster assay (PFR) and the standardized ileal amino acid chick assay (SID). To carry out these objectives, 17 different feedstuffs were obtained. These samples included six corn, six corn distiller’s dried grains with or without solubles (DDGS/DDG), one wet distiller’s grains, one condensed solubles, two meat and bone meal (MBM) and a poultry-by-product meal. The wet distiller’s grains and condensed solubles were only evaluated in roosters. Standardized amino acid digestibility was found to vary among the feed ingredients and among samples of the same ingredient. For corn, there were generally no differences in amino acid digestibility between the two methods. When differences did occur, there was no consistent pattern among the individual amino acids and methods. Standardized amino acid digestibility was not different between the two methods for the four DDGS samples; however, the PFR did yield greater digestibilities for a high protein DDG and a conventionally processed DDGS. The PFR yielded greater amino acid digestibility values than the SID for several amino acids in one MBM and the poultry-by-product meal, but it yielded lower digestibility values for the other MBM. Overall, there were no consistent differences between methods for amino acid digestibility values.
Changes in lipid content of the montane vole

To determine the influence of cold and reduced food supply on the fat content of montane voles Microtus montanus nanus (Merriam, 1891) a number of these animals were exposed under controlled laboratory conditions of eight combinations of ambient temperature and food availability (ad libitum, maintenance and one-half maintenance rations, and atarvation at 5°C and 26°C).
Variation in the intraspecific relationship between fish length and intensity of parasitic infection: biological and statistical causes.

In a meta-analysis, the overall mean correlation between fish length and the intensity of parasitic infections derived from 76 different host-parasite species was positive but weak and non-significant, following corrections for sample size. Whether the parasites were acquired by ingestion or by skin contact had no influence on the strength of the relationship. For cestodes, larval digeneans, and gnathiid isopods, however, the mean correlation between fish length and intensity of infection was significant. Some statistical parameters influenced the strength of the raw correlations computed within samples and thus led to over- or under-estimation of the true relationship. Sample size correlated negatively with the value of the correlation coefficients, whereas range in both fish lengths and intensities of infection correlated positively with the value of the correlation coefficients. Distinguishing between statistical noise and the biological processes shaping the size v. intensity relationship will be important if this relationship is to be incorporated into fish population models.
Mineral composition of Moringa oleifera leaves, pods and seeds from two regions in Abuja, Nigeria.

The mineral composition of the lamina, petiole, seed pod, seed shell, seed kernel powder and seed kernel oil of Moringa oleifera L. from two regions, Sheda and Kuje, Abuja, Nigeria were investigated. The results indicated that Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu in M. oleifera leaves, pods and seeds from Sheda were relatively higher than that from Kuje. Relatively high contents of Ca and Fe were found in the lamina and seed shell of the plant respectively from both regions. The Mg content (0.185 mg mL -1 ) in the seed kernel oil of moringa from Sheda was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than that in the other parts of leaf and seed. The Fe content in the seed shell from Sheda was 0.2436 mg g -1 more than those from Kuje. Toxic element such as Pb was absent in the leaves, pods and seeds of moringa from both locations. This study confirmed that there are variations in macro and trace minerals in moringa leaves, pods and seeds from different locations. This finding might be a reference point in the selection and formulation of plant-based mineral supplement in animal and human nutrition. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers
Long term serial repitching and the genetic and phenotypic stability of brewer's yeast

Two brewing yeast strains, one employed for the production of an ale type product and the other used solely for bottle conditioning, were serially repitched over a period of one year. Subsequently each yeast culture was compared to the original stocks for a variety of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Fermentation performance was assessed in terms of flocculation capacity and the time required to achieve attenuation in 150 barrel fermentation vessels, while the propensity for the population to accumulate variants was assessed by analysing giant colony morphology. Changes to the genome were monitored by DNA fingerprinting of each yeast culture using RAPD-PCR and RFLP. Although some colony morphology variation was observed between fresh and old ale yeast cultures, there were no detectable genetic changes or alterations in fermentation characteristics to either yeast strain over the course of serial repitching. It is suggested that although some brewing yeast strains are susceptible to genetic drift, others are more resilient and can remain stable over extended periods of time. The propensity to produce variants may therefore play a significant role in determining the number of times a strain may be serially repitched, or its suitability for beer fermentations.
Amendment of Muskmelon and Watermelon Transplant Media with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Effects on Seedling Quality, Disease, and Nematode Resistance

Greenhouse and fi eld trials were performed on muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) to evaluate the effects of six formulations of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that have previously been shown to increase seedling growth and induce disease resistance on other transplanted vegetables. Formulations of Gram-positive bacterial strains were added to a soilless, peat-based transplant medium before seeding. Several PGPR treatments signifi cantly increased shoot weight, shoot length, and stem diameter of muskmelon and watermelon seedlings and transplants. Root weight of muskmelon seedlings was also increased by PGPR treatment. On watermelon, four PGPR treatments reduced angular leaf spot lesions caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, and gummy stem blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae, compared to the nontreated and formulation carrier controls. One PGPR treatment reduced angular leaf spot lesions on muskmelon compared to the nontreated and carrier controls. On muskmelon in the fi eld, one PGPR treatment reduced root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) disease severity compared to all control treatments.
In vitro antibacterial activities of crude extracts of Garcinia kola seeds against wound sepsis associated Staphylococcus strains

Extracts of Garcinia kola seeds were evaluated for their activity against fourStaphylococcus strains isolated from wound sepsis specimens. Three of the isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Staphylococcus aureuswith the GenBank Accession numbers, EU244633, EU244634, EU244636, and another was identified as Staphylococcus sciuri (Accession number EU244635). The aqueous methanol and acetone extracts of Garcinia kola seeds showed activity against all four isolates at 30 mgml-1 (aqueous extract) and 10 mgml-1(acetone and methanol extracts). The MIC values for the aqueous extract were the same (10 mgml-1) for all the isolates. The acetone and methanol extracts had lower MIC values in the ranges of 0.3125 - 0.625 mgml-1. The acetone extract showed strong bactericidal activity against S. aureus strain OKOH3 resulting in a 2.70 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 (2 × MIC) within 4 h of exposure and a complete elimination of the organism after 8 h. The same extract was weakly bactericidal against S. aureus strain OKOH1, achieving only a 2.92 Log10 reduction in counts at 1.25 mgml-1 (4 × MIC) in 24 h. The interactions between the acetone extract and antibiotics were largely additive and indifferent with no combinations showing classical synergistic interactions. We conclude that extracts of Garcinia kola seeds can potentially be useful in the treatment of staphylococcal wound infections. Key words: Staphylococcus, wound sepsis, Garcinia kola, antistaphylococcal activity, antibiotic potentiation.
Revision of the Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) species complex, with description of two new species infesting thistles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Ceutorhynchinae)

The Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) species complex is defined and revised and two new sibling species are described and figured: T. briesei (type locality: San Esteban de Gormaz, Soria, Spain) and T. mortadelo (type locality: Canberra, Australia, introduced). The existence of these siblings could explain the different food preferences observed between the different populations or strains of the supposed single species T. horridus.
Comparação de métodos de seleção de genitores e populações segregantes aplicados ao melhoramento de trigo

The methods used for selecting crosses in one crop species are not necessarily appropriate for others. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of diallel analysis, genetic diversity, parental average, and the Jinks and Pooni method for the selection of parents and superior segregating populations for the grain yield character in wheat. Thus, two experiments were conducted and the treatments were arranged in lattice (experiment I) and randomized blocks with individual information within the plot (experiment II). Twelve parental individuals and 36 segregating populations in the F 3 generation resulting from the crossing of these parents in a partial diallel arrangement were evaluated. The application of the evaluated methodologies led to distinct results. The parental average and genetic diversity alone are not efficient prediction methods. The methodology of Jinks and Pooni presents practical limitation because it is not adequate for wheat crop system. Among the evaluated methodologies, diallel analysis is the most promising method for the identification of parents and superior segregating populations.
Isolement expérimental du mésenchyme propre du foie et rôle morphogène de la composante mésodermique dans l'organogenèse hépatique

L9organogenese du foie chez les Oiseaux a ete decrite par de nombreux auteurs. La premiere ebauche hepatique visible apparait chez l9embryon de Poulet au stade de 20 a 22 somites sous forme d9une evagination endodermique au niveau de la levre anterieure de l9ombilic intestinal (Brouha, 1898; Choronschitzky, 1900; Hildebrandt, 1902). Cette ebauche primaire emet bientot un premier diverticule crânial, puis un autre caudal, qui constituent les bourgeons hepatiques secondaires. Par rapport au sinus veineux, le diverticule crânial est dorsal tandis que le diverticule caudal est ventral; ils sont decrits a ce stade par Felix (1892) et Hammar (1893) en particulier. Tres rapidement, ces bourgeons s9etendent vers l9avant dans le mesentere ventral correspondant au septum transversum, et constituent pendant le 3eeme et le 4eme jour de l9incubation un cylindre de tissu hepatique entourant le ductus venosus. La proliferation des trabecules hepatiques est accompagnee par la formation de capillaires issus du ductus venosus comme l9ont decrit Shore (1891), Hammar (1893) et Minot (1900).
Nitrogen Transfer Within and Between Plants Through Common Mycorrhizal Networks (CMNs)

Mycorrhizae play a critical role in nutrient capture from soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (EM) are the most important mycorrhizae in agricultural and natural ecosystems. AM and EM fungi use inorganic NH4 + and NO3 −, and most EM fungi are capable of using organic nitrogen. The heavier stable isotope 15N is discriminated against during biogeochemical and biochemical processes. Differences in 15N (atom%) or δ15N (‰) provide nitrogen movement information in an experimental system. A range of 20 to 50% of one-way N-transfer has been observed from legumes to nonlegumes. Mycorrhizal fungal mycelia can extend from one plant's roots to another plant's roots to form common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). Individual species, genera, even families of plants can be interconnected by CMNs. They are capable of facilitating nutrient uptake and flux. Nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and other elements may then move via either AM or EM networks from plant to plant. Both 15N labeling and 15N natural abundance techniques have been employed to trace N movement between plants interconnected by AM or EM networks. Fine mesh (25∼45 μm) has been used to separate root systems and allow only hyphal penetration and linkages but no root contact between plants. In many studies, nitrogen from N2-fixing mycorrhizal plants transferred to non-N2–fixing mycorrhizal plants (one-way N-transfer). In a few studies, N is also transferred from non-N2–fixing mycorrhizal plants to N2-fixing mycorrhizal plants (two-way N-transfer). There is controversy about whether N-transfer is direct through CMNs, or indirect through the soil. The lack of convincing data underlines the need for creative, careful experimental manipulations. Nitrogen is crucial to productivity in most terrestrial ecosystems, and there are potential benefits of management in soil-plant systems to enhance N-transfer. Thus, two-way N-transfer warrants further investigation with many species and under field conditions.
A New Secoiridoid from Olive Wastewaters

The structure of a new compound 5, isolated from the juice of ripe black olives (Olea europaea, cv. Leccino), was elucidated. In unripe green olives oleuropein [1] is present as the major o-diphenolic compound, while in ripe olives demethyloleuropein [6] predominates. Both these glucosides disappear from olive juice, as they are hydrolyzed by native β-glucosidases. DemethyloIeuropein aglycone [7] rapidly eliminated the carboxyl group, giving 5. Acid methanolysis of 5 gives 8, which supports the assigned structure
Utilização do extrato hidroalcoólico de Plectranthusneochilus no controle da dor pós-operatória emgatas

Foram utilizadas 10 gatas, higidas, sem padrao racial, obtidas junto a proprietarios da cidade de Patos, Paraiba. Os animais passaram por um periodo de adaptacao de 15 dias, previamente ao periodo experimental e em seguida foram alocados em dois grupos de forma aleatoria e homogenea. No grupo I, as feridas foram tratadas a cada 12 horas com extrato hidroalcoolico de Plectranthusneochilus . No grupo II (controle), foi administrado flunixinmeglumine nos tres primeiros dias pos-operatorios, sendo realizada limpeza das feridas a cada 12 horas com solucao de NaCl a 0,9%. A avaliacao do grau de analgesia foi realizada a partir da mensuracao de variaveis objetivas e subjetivas e dos niveis sericos de glicose. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o grupo tratado com extrato hidroalcoolico de P. neochilus apresentou dados semelhantes ao grupo controle, expondo deste modo a eficacia da mesma no controle da dor pos-operatoria em gatas submetidas a ovariossalpingohisterectomia. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
3D tulostetun vastuksen ja toroidin valmistus ja karakterisointi

This report will cover the process of making and measuring 3D-printed resistors and toroids. Both filaments used in this report is made by Black Magic 3D. Other one was conductive graphene PLA filament and another one was ferro-magnetic iron based PLA filament. All components used in this research were printed using MakerBot Replicator 2 printer. This report covers printing parameters that were used for both filaments. Report covers also computer software used for designing and printing the components as well as measurement equipment used in measurements. The goal of this report is to find out if these special filaments are useable materials to make resistors and toroids. Measurements and results were compared against commercial component’s properties. In results the DIY attitude of 3D printing is also taken into account.
Analysis of a putative crtW gene of Myxococcus xanthus

Carotenoids are produced by all photosynthetic organisms and a large number of bacteria and fungi. They are responsible for a lot of pigmentation in nature, as well as often playing an essential role in the provision of light protection to cells and as precursors of vitamin A in higher organisms. Myxobacton is the primary carotenoid ester generated in the photoresistant bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. It is created through a complex light-regulated gene expression cascade and acts to protect the bacteria from blue light and the resultant generation of damaging singlet oxygen species in the presence of porphyrins. The final stage in its production is a ketonisation, and the enzyme responsible for this stage was unknown in M. xanthus. We propose a possible location for the gene encoding such a ketolase, crtW. The gene is found located within a four-gene operon separate from the other known carotenoid biosynthetic genes, and appears to have two alternative promoter regions. The additional genes in the operon were found to encode a putative MutT/Nudix family hydrolase and a periplasmic, molybdopterin and haeme-dependent oxidoreductase, YedYZ. It is also shown that crtW transcription is independent of cell exposure to blue light and that the product is an inner membrane, integral membrane protein probable ketolase. The evolutionary origins of crtW are considered in conjunction with a number of other carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting that the gene was one of the last to be acquired by M. xanthus.
α-Synuclein aggregation and neurodegenerative diseases

α-Synuclein is a neuronal protein originally identified in Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid plaques in 1993 and named non-Aβ component precursor (NACP) (92). Later, the discovery of two missense mutations (G88C and G209A), which resulted in Ala30Pro (A30P) and Ala53Thr (A53T) substitutions, of the α-synuclein gene in certain autosomal-dominant early onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD) has greatly promoted the understanding of the role of α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) (5,6,51, 75). At present, it is widely accepted that α-synuclein may play a central role in several neurodegenerative disorders because of the presence of insoluble α-synuclein as the major fibrillar component of inclusion bodies. From the cloning of the human α-synuclein cDNA in 1993 to the present, α-synuclein has been carefully documented in many aspects. In this article, we review the progress of studies on α-synuclein and its role in α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative diseases. 1. The structure of the α-synuclein gene and
Aspects Regarding the Production of Planting Material at Some Ornamental Species from Spontaneous Flora

The paper presents data regarding the possibility of generative multiplication of some ornamental species provided from the Dobrogea spontaneous flora (Allium flavum L., Dianthus nardiformis L., Silene compacta L., Teucrium polium L. and Alyssum murale L.). Seeds were gathered in 2010 from the plants in their own natural habitat and establishment of crops was made with seedling produced in glasshouse: transplanting and without transplanting. Germination varied between 16-76%, maximum values being recorded at Alyssum murale, and the minimum ones at Teucrium polium. Subsequent determinations and observations done on obtained biologic material and on the established crops with it lead to the conclusion that great majority of the species could be used as transplanting seedling and also as seedling without transplanting, function of the growers possibilities and the usage way of plants. Exceptions were species Dianthus nardiformis, at which is not recommended the transplanting of the seedling (due to the sensibility of root system) and species Silene compacta at which, on contrary, is preferred the variant of transplanting the seedling, having in view the small size of the seeds.