Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Line detection algorithm based on random sample theory

Hough transform is a traditional algorithm for line detection. But this algorithm has many disadvantages, such as large computing load, long operating time, large occupied memory and low precision. This paper forwards a new line detection algorithm, that is, detecting line based on random sample theory. This algorithm can solve the problems brought by Hough transform. In this paper, at first, the steps ofboth Hough transform algorithm and random sample line detection algorithm are listed respectively and the latter one is discussed in detailed. Then, the two algorithms are tested by the simulative experiments. The results of these experiments are compared and analyzed. At last, the result of the experiment using real image is displayed.
A self-training listwise method for learning to rank with partially labeled data

Recently there has been a general direction in ranking algorithms that combine labeled and unlabeled data in document retrieval. Previous work for learning to rank has focused on cases where only the pairwise approach is available for essential ranking algorithms. This paper addresses the semi-supervised ranking problems where the listwise approach is used to construct ranking models. The method is an iterative self-training algorithm that in each iteration a ranking function is built by learning from the current set of labeled queries. The newly learned ranking function is produced, then it is used to teaching unlabeled query. The likelihood loss is employed to evaluate the similarity of two permutations for a given query. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Realistic 3D model generation of a real product based on 2D-3D registration

Abstract As on-line purchases is activated, customers’ demand increases for the realistic and accurate digital information of a product design. In this paper, we propose a practical method that can generate a realistic 3D model of a real product using a 3D geometry obtained by a 3D scanner and its photographic images. In order to register images to the 3D geometry, the camera focal length, the CCD scanning aspect ratio and the transformation matrix between the camera coordinate and the 3D object coordinate must be determined. To perform this 2D-3D registration with consideration of computational complexity, a three-step method is applied, which consists of camera calibration, determination of a temporary optimum translation vector (TOTV) and nonlinear optimization for three rotational angles. A case study for a metallic coated industrial part, of which the colour appearance is hardly obtained by a 3D colour scanner has performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 요 약
PCA for Leukemia Classification

The real cause of leukemia has not been found, and traditional method to recognize the malignant cells has some limitations, and that is very time-consuming. Because microarray gene expression data is few samples, high-dimensional and nonlinear, it brings us “dimensionality disaster”, so data dimensionality reduction becomes a problem we pay attention, and SVM (Support Vector Machine) overcomes the “dimensionality disaster” to a certain extent by means of optimization method, for the decision function of SVM is only decided by part of the support vectors. This paper combines SVM with Laplacian Eigenmaps and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) respectively for Leukemia data classification, compare the results, PCA gets better result.
ECL-CMOS and CMOS-ECL interface in 1.2- mu m CMOS for 150-MHz digital ECL data transmission systems

The design of a full-CMOS circuit that converts voltage signals from those used for emitter-coupled logic (ECL) to CMOS and vice versa, for use in digital data transmissions with clock frequencies up to 150 MHz, is described. Extremely high performances are obtained due to a novel circuit principle, in both the ECL-to-CMOS convertor and the CMOS-to-ECL convertor. A wideband CMOS amplifier used in the ECL-to-CMOS convertor, incorporating a current injection technique to increase the bandwidth of the circuit, is also presented. A circuit principle is presented to realize an extremely fast CMOS-to-ECL conversion, based on a current switching technique and charge injection to compensate the large output capacitance. Both circuits make use of replica biasing to ensure maximum switching speed in the ECL-to-CMOS convertor and correct ECL output levels in the CMOS-to-ECL convertor. An ECL-CMOS-ECL repeater has been designed in a 1.2- mu m double-metal CMOS process. >
Multiple-target tracking in dense noisy environments: a probabilistic mapping perspective

A new approach is taken to address the various aspects of the multiple- target tracking (MTT) problem in dense and noisy environments. Instead of fixing the trackers on the potential targets as the convention tracking algorithms do, this new approach is fundamentally different in that an array of parallel-distributed trackers is laid in the search space. The difficult data-track association problem that has challenged the conventional trackers becomes a nonissue with this new approach. By partitioning the search space into cells, this new approach, called PMAP (probabilistic mapping), dynamically calculates the spatial probability distribution of targets in the search space via Bayesian updates. The distribution is spread at each time step, following a fairly general Markov-chain target motion model, to become the prior probabilities of the next scan. This framework can effectively handle data from multiple sensors and incorporate contextual information, such as terrain and weather, by performing a form of evidential reasoning. Used as a pre- filtering device, the PMAP is shown to remove noiselike false alarms effectively, while keeping the target dropout rate very low. This gives the downstream track linker a much easier job to perform. A related benefit is that with PMAP it is now possible to lower the detection threshold and to enjoy high probability of detection and low probability of false alarm at the same time, thereby improving overall tracking performance. The feasibility of using PMAP to track specific targets in an end-game scenario is also discussed. Both real and simulated data are used to illustrate the PMAP performance. Some related applications based on the PMAP approach, including a spatial-temporal sensor data fusion application, are mentioned.
An Improved Algorithm of Spectrum Access in OSA

We present a distributed spectrum sensing and access algorithm applied in opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) networks. It is proposed in the condition of cognitive radio (CR) users’ correct spectrum sensing. In each slot, a CR user will decide whether to sense, which channel to sense, and whether to access. However, due to the hardware and energy constraints, the CR users may not be able to sense or monitor all the channels, so we design this access algorithm derived from the theory of Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). To simplify the analysis, we assume that the CR users will sense and access only one channel. Simulation results show that the proposed access algorithm can greatly improve the throughput of CR users than the random access algorithm. It has good access performance, and can quickly achieve stable access throughput as well. It is shown that with greater channel transition probability difference the CR users will obtain higher access throughput, and when the difference equals to zero this access algorithm becomes random access algorithm.
The Language of Graphics

Abstract We describe a system, called the Graphics Production Library (GPL), that implements a language for quantitative graphics. The structure of this system differs from existing statistical graphics, visualization, and mapping systems. Instead of treating a graphics display as a viewer for underlying data, GPL treats data as an accessory to viewing a graph. GPL is based on the mathematical definition of the graph of a function and uses that definition to organize data linked to the graph.
Ethyl 7-hydroxy-1 H -indole-1-carboxylate

The two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H11NO3, show similar conformations. In both mol­ecules, there is an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond and the ethoxy­carbonyl substituent is almost coplanar with the indole ring system. C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions link the mol­ecules into a ladder-like structure along the b axis.
Setting up task-optimal illumination automatically for inspection purposes

Illumination with correct intensity and direction can help solving even very complicated inspection and measurement problems by hiding unnecessary information and by enhancing the contrast where it is needed. The 'wave and look' approach used widely in the vision industry requires knowledge about different illumination techniques and the measurement problem. One illumination is not optimal for all tasks performed using one vision system and so even more complex illumination combinations can be expected, particularly on small-batch production lines. We describe approaches for producing flexible light sources for machine vision purposes. Our devices allow one to change the scene illumination by software. Often only one programmable light source is needed per one vision system despite very different illumination needs. We also describe an automated tuning approach that controls programmable light sources on-line to correct the image seen by the sensor to maximize the illumination uniformness, contrasts, or even the part measurement robustness. The paper also shows the results of test cases and discusses ways to further improve them.
Agricultural Information Sources Used by Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria

This study investigated the sources of agricultural information available to farmers in Imo State, Nigeria as well as the farmers' preferred sources. The ex-post facto research design was used for the study. A stratified proportionate sampling technique was used to select a sample of 1386 farmers across the existing 34 farm blocks and 63 farm cells in the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) zones of the state. A self-developed and validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Two research questions were formulated to find answers to the sources of agricultural information to the farmers as well as the sources they preferred. A reliability co-efficient of 0.83 was obtained for the instrument using the Crombach apha. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 88.1 percent of the farmers indicated agricultural extension agents as their source of information, 71.2 percent indicated fellow farmers, 63.2 percent indicated radio, 43.3 percent indicated television, etc. The results further showed that majority (70.0 percent ) preferred the extension agent to the other media (radio 28.4 percent, friends and relatives 27.2 percent, television 19.1 percent, etc.) The results emphasize the need for the extension agency to regularly identify those sources of information that farmers prefer, or use most, as this will enable them deliver agricultural information effectively to the farmers.
Automated cartographic generalization for linear map features

Cartographic generalization is the task of making smaller-scale maps (for example, 1:100,000) from larger-scale maps (for example, 1:20,000). An automated method is presented for generalization of linear features that are already in a topologically structured computer-readable form. The method consists of three stages: feature elimination, feature simplification, and interference detection and resolution. The first stage is implemented using English-like rules. These rules specify which map features are to be eliminated at the generalized map scale. They also control when the second and third stages are invoked. The second stage consists of the simplification of linear map features. A procedure for polyline simplification is presented, along with new algorithms for subdivision of linear features and riverbank combination. The third stage deals with interference and detection among linear map features. Interference may occur when a simplified feature is added to the generalized map. Due to the width of the symbol representing this feature, it may overlap another feature already on the generalized map. If that occurs, one or both of the features have to be displaced so as to eliminate the interference between them. This displacement may cause the end nodes of the displaced feature to be moved, which results in the propagation of the displacement to the features that are connected to these displaced end nodes. The algorithms used to detect feature interference and to perform the subsequent feature displacement propagation are described. A FORTRAN 77 computer program called MAPEX was written to perform automated generalization of linear map features. This program assumes a topologically structured input data file similar to the U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 scale Digital Line Graph map data files. To integrate the English-like rules with MAPEX, a rule compiler was written to translate the English-like rules to a FORTRAN 77 subroutine. The results of running MAPEX on a topologically structured test data file are given, along with the algorithmic details used in the implementation of MAPEX.
An Accurate Calibration Technique for 3-D Laser Stripe Sensors

Laser stripe sensors are being used in a variety of industrial applications including part inspection, process control, and robot guidance. Certain characteristics of the sensor such as standoff and field of view are likely to change from one application to the next. The paper describes an approach to laser stripe sensor calibration when the sensor is composed of off-the-shelf equipment. Sensor dimensions such as the position of the laser in relation to the camera and particular lens characteristics such as focal length and distortion are treated as unknown parameters in the calibration procedure presented here. The paper shows that high accuracy is attainable in range measurements acquired with off-the-shelf components and proper calibration.
Two‐Photon Absorption Cross Sections of Dithienothiophene‐Based Molecules

We performed nonlinear transmission measurements and quantum‐chemical calculations on dithienothiophene (DTT)‐based molecules to gain insight into the effect of acceptor and donor groups on two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties. The TPA intensity showed dispersion characteristics of the single‐photon absorption spectrum. When the molecules included an asymmetric donor‐acceptor pair, the single‐ and two‐photon absorption maximum wavelengths were red‐shifted more than when the molecules had a symmetric donor‐donor structure. We interpreted this result as indicating that the S2 state plays the dominating role in the absorption process of molecules with a symmetric structure. The experimental TPA δ values at the absorption peak wavelength showed a dependence on the structural variations. We found the self‐consistent force‐field theory and Hartree‐Fock Hamiltonian with single configuration interaction formalism to be valid for evaluating TPA δ. Although the quantum‐chemical calculations slightly underestimated the experimental δ values obtained from nonlinear transmission measurements, they reasonably predicted the dependence of the δ value on the structural variations. We confirmed the role of molecular symmetry by observing that donor‐donor substituted structure gave the highest experimental and theoretical TPA δ values and that the donor‐acceptor substituted structure showed a greater red‐shift in the TPA absorption maximum wavelength. Overall, the theoretical δ values of DTT‐based molecules were in the order of 10−−46 cm4 · s · photon−1 and are higher than that of AF‐50 by nearly two orders of magnitude.
FPGA Design of a SURF-based Feature Extractor

This paper explains the hardware structure of SURF(Speeded Up Robust Feature) based feature point extractor and its FPGA verification result. SURF algorithm produces novel scale- and rotation-invariant feature point and descriptor which can be used for object recognition, creation of panorama image, 3D Image restoration. But the feature point extraction processing takes approximately 7,200msec for VGA-resolution in embedded environment using ARM11(667Mhz) processor and 128Mbytes DDR memory, hence its real-time operation is not guaranteed. We analyzed integral image memory access pattern which is a key component of SURF algorithm to reduce memory access and memory usage to operate in c real-time. We assure feature extraction that using a Vertex-5 FPGA gives 60frame/sec of VGA image at 100Mhz.
Searchers' selection of search keys: II. Controlled vocabulary or free‐text searching

Searching with descriptors from controlled vocabularies complements free‐text searching with textwords. The case study method provided data about the manner in which the two types of search keys interact through: (1) observation of 47 professional searchers performing their job‐related searches; and (2) analysis of verbal and search protocols, denoting reasons for the selection of each search key and for each search modification. Results show that searchers used thesauri and indexing when it was of satisfactory quality and available to them, and that these and other database‐related reasons were the most influential in search‐key selection. Further, having to perform a multidatabase search induced the use of textwords without consulting a thesaurus. There is a need for high quality thesauri which are easily available and for mechanisms, such as switching languages, to aid in multidatabase searches. © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fabrication and Properties of Niobium Josephson Tunnel Junctions

The fabrication of thin-film Nb tunnel junctions is described. The main emphasis is on improvement of the tunneling characteristics through studies of the conditions influencing the formation of the tunnel barrier. In situ ellipsometric measurements have been made during growth of the tunnel oxide on the base electrode of the junctions in an rf plasma. The results are compared with electrical measurements on completed junctions. Two additional processes are found to have an important influence on the junction characteristics: precleaning of the base electrode in an Ar plasma before oxidation and a further treatment of the grown oxide in a low-voltage, high-pressure plasma. At the present time, the most effective gas for this process is N2. Data on annealing, storage effects, and thermal cycling are discussed. Finally, the results obtained on arrays of 80 two-junction interferometers are found to be rather encouraging for the design and construction of high-density memory arrays.
Tracking a user's face and hands in three-dimensions in real-time

This work outlines a system in which a stereo camera may effectively track a user's face and hands in three dimensions. Given this information, a method for controlling objects in three dimensions is also described. The system begins by finding faces. If more than one face is found in the image, the algorithm uses depth information to isolate the face that is closest to the camera. The algorithm then gathers information about the user's skin tone by examining the content of the face found. For much of the processing, only the hue and saturation components are used after applying an HSV to RGB transformation given the camera output. The skin tone information in tandem with depth is then used to isolate the user's hands, and track them in three dimensions. To be used as an effective interface, the system uses information of the two hands relative to the user's face. In controlling an object in three dimensions, if the user would like to move the object up, he or she simply positions both hands above his or her face. Similar commands allow the user to apply a translational factor in three dimensions, as well as applying yaw and roll when wanted.
Design of Ship-Borne Antenna Servo Control System Based on ADRC

Based on structure analysis of a certain ship-borne servo control system, the target velocity is contributed to exterior unknown disturbance and the system parameter change is looked as interior unknown disturbance. The extend state observer is used to estimate the disturbance accurately with the input and output information of system response, then the controller can compensate the disturbance furthest. The simulation results show that the ADRC method has good robust performance, compared with the traditional PID controller. Without using the sensor to measure the target state, it can satisfy the system requirements with a simple structure, it shows the controller has good aspect to have good engineering function and prospect.
A View Oriented Approach to Modeling Web Navigation

This paper presents a view oriented approach to modeling web navigation, which is suitable as an analysis method and tool for web applications. As a navigation node, the view has characteristics of dynamic and hierarchy. The dynamic of the view reflects that the content data of the application is changeable, and the hierarchy of the view makes it possible that the navigation model could evolve from a high-level abstract model to a low-level concrete model. In this paper navigation is divided into action navigation and non-action navigation. Action navigation fuses navigation process with data processing, which reflects the inherit characteristic of web application well. This paper show how to use the graphical notation to represent the various conceptions and elements involved in the approach. At last, several navigation implement patterns which can improve user experience are introduced.
Gesture recognition using an acceleration sensor and its application to musical performance control

It is understood that nonverbal means of communication are more important than verbal communication in the transmission of intention or emotion. Gestures using body or hand are typical nonverbal means of communication. Human intention or emotion appears to be expressed to a greater extent by the force applied to the body than by the position of the hand. The authors noted that the force acting during motion can be sensed as an acceleration and therefore attempted recognition of gestures with a three-dimensional acceleration sensor. In the experiments using this system, the changes of the acceleration, the rotational force, and the directional distribution of the acceleration are determined from the sequential three-dimensional acceleration data, as features of the motion. By examining the extent of matching to standard patterns, ten kinds of gestures can be discriminated with a nearly 100 percent recognition rate. A real-time music control system is also constructed by applying the proposed method. Compared to the conventional methods using image processing or the data gloves, in the new system the delay in tempo detection is shorter and the mechanism is simpler. The system gives a clue to the design of flexible and sensitive man-machine interfaces based on gesture. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 80(5): 9–17, 1997
Non-traditional Authorship Attribution Studies in the Historia Augusta: Some Caveats

This article discusses some of the problems that are inherent in the non-traditional authorship attribution studies of the Historia Augusta (those using statistics, stylistics, and the computer) and some of the problems that I feel are due to practitioner error in these studies. Although several problems with some of the studies are pointed out, the major problem and, therefore, the major thrust of the paper is the primary data - the text itself