Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capacidade funcional e mediadores inflamatórios em idosas comunitárias dos municípios de Belo Horizonte, Diamantina e Alfenas

As diversidades e desigualdades regionais em aspectos socio-demograficos e clinicos geram um processo de heterogeneidade do envelhecimento com idosos apresentando diferentes condicoes de saude, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. Essas diversidades podem levar a alteracoes no sistema imunologico do idoso com alteracao na producao e expressao das citocinas pro-inflamatorias, o que tambem pode influenciar na saude e funcionalidade destes. Desta forma, e relevante a realizacao de estudos com populacoes especificas com o objetivo de conhecer as suas caracteristicas e assim, possibilitar a criacao de estrategias de saude publica direcionadas, viaveis economicamente e de qualidade. O presente estudo multicentrico, com delineamento observacional do tipo transversal, aprovado pelo Comite de Etica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) (CAAE 14129513.7.1001.5149), comparou os indices plasmaticos de mediadores inflamatorios, capacidade funcional e caracteristicas socio-clinico-demograficas entre idosas da comunidade, dos municipios de Belo Horizonte (BH), Diamantina e Alfenas. Foram incluidas no estudo idosas com 65 ou mais, sem distincao de raca e/ou condicao social. Os criterios de exclusao foram: suspeita de alteracoes cognitivas detectadas pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), doenca inflamatoria na fase aguda, doencas cardiovasculares descompensadas ou agudizadas, neoplasia nos cinco anos anteriores, fratura ou hospitalizacao no ultimo ano, uso de medicamentos antinflamatorios ou que atuam no sistema imunologico, incapacidade de marcha independente, alteracoes e sequelas neurologicas. Assim, 154 idosas, dos tres municipios, foram elegiveis para participar da amostra. Um questionario estruturado multidimensional foi utilizado para registrar as caracteristicas socio-demograficas e clinicas das participantes. As concentracoes plasmaticas de interleucina-6 (IL-6) e do receptor soluvel do fator de necrose tumoral alpha (sTNFR-1) foram determinadas pelo metodo Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por meio do Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e velocidade de marcha habitual (VM). A analise estatistica para comparacao entre os grupos, de acordo com o local de moradia, foi realizada por meio da ANOVA ONEWAY, post hoc de Bonferroni e teste de Kruskal-Wallis, post hoc de Mann-Whitney. Para todas as analises foi adotado um nivel designificância de 5%. Alfenas apresentou um maior numero de doencas e maior renda em relacao a BH e Diamantina (p 0,05). Desta forma, sugere-se que as diversidades regionais dos municipios pesquisados, quanto aos aspectos de renda, doencas associadas e escolaridade podem estar influenciando nos niveis de sTNFR1 e capacidade funcional das idosas.
Potential of Eurasian poplar rust to overcome a major quantitative resistance factor

The effect of RUS, a major quantitative resistance (QR) factor inherited from Populus trichocarpa, was assessed in two Populus deltoides × P. trichocarpa F1 progenies against eight isolates of Melampsora larici-populina, the causal agent of Eurasian poplar rust. Six isolates were identified on which RUS had no significant effect. The first RUS-defeating isolate identified suggested a pre-existing potential to overcome RUS in the pathogen’s populations. The P. deltoides genetic background made no difference either to the ability of a given isolate to overcome RUS or to the relative and absolute aggressiveness of the isolates. This study illustrates how extreme the isolate-specificity of QR can be. It also yields insights into the relationship between size of uredinia and sporulation rate, discussing the epidemiological significance of spore production per mm2 uredinium.
Co-existence of hosts and sex ratio distorters in structured populations

Vertically transmitted parasites occur in several invertebrate species, and alter host reproduction by a variety of mechanisms, including sex ratio distortion via feminization. Efficient feminizers are predicted to drive homogenous host populations extinct due to the absence of males. However, group (interdemic) selection may enable host–parasite co-existence through extinction–colonization turnover of local subpopulations. Here we analyse the effects of feminizers on host metapopulations, in relation to the underlying mechanism of host sex determination. We examine host metapopulations with (a) fixed probabilistic sex ratio control, (b) female heterogamety (WZ/ZZ) and (c) male heterogamety (XX/XY) with and without YY viability. Under some circumstances, host and parasite can co-exist in metapopulations despite deterministic instability of local populations, in which case the parasite persists at lower frequency than predicted for homogenous populations. However, co-existence is sensitive to host sex determining mechanism. Long-term co-existence is unlikely in chromosomal systems, where sex ratio selection and novel mating type combinations result in the loss of femaledetermining alleles from infected host subpopulations. The consequent loss of uninfected females precludes stochastic parasite exclusion and thus prevents local population recovery. Hence, host–feminizer co-existence via interdemic selection requires intrinsic patch recovery in addition to recolonization from neighbouring subpopulations. We conclude that metapopulation structure can only buffer host populations against parasite-mediated extinction if female-determining alleles are retained in the host population.
Partial characterization of a non-proteinaceous suppressor of non-specific elicitors from Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Fulvia fulva)

Abstract It is our working hypothesis that suppression of the activity of glycoprotein non-specific elicitors (NSE) from fungal cell walls is required in establishment of basic compatibility in the Cladosporium fulvum -tomato system. A suppressor of NSE-induced necrosis on tomato leaves was partially purified from intercellular fluid (IF) obtained from C. fulvum infected, or uninoculated, leaves. The suppressor was stable to treatment with heat, protease, glucosidase, galactosidase, laminarinase, periodate, and mild acid (0·1 N HCl) and base (0·01 N NaOH). Addition of the chelators, EDTA (15 mM) or EGTA (2 mM), to IF resulted in a marked reduction in suppressor activity. Suppressor activity was partially reduced by dialysis of IF, but activity was lost upon dialysis by prior treatment of IF with urea, or with protease which was then inactivated by heating. Activity of a low molecular weight suppressor, partially purified by dialysis and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography, corresponded with a carbohydrate peak. Pectinase or pectinase-generated oligogalacturonides from polypectate suppressed activity of NSE. However, incubation of NSE with pectinase, followed by heat treatment before assay, did not affect NSE activity. It is suggested that low molecular weight suppressor molecules may originate from action of pectolytic enzymes on host cell walls. In addition to these low molecular weight suppressor, native IF, but not heat treated IF, contained proteins that on in vitro incubation with NSE slowly reduced its ability to induce necrosis.
A framework for selecting indicators of bioenergy sustainability

A framework for selecting and evaluating indicators of bioenergy sustainability is presented. This framework is designed to facilitate decision‐making about which indicators are useful for assessing sustainability of bioenergy systems and supporting their deployment. Efforts to develop sustainability indicators in the United States and Europe are reviewed. The first steps of the framework for indicator selection are defining the sustainability goals and other goals for a bioenergy project or program, gaining an understanding of the context, and identifying the values of stakeholders. From the goals, context, and stakeholders, the objectives for analysis and criteria for indicator selection can be developed. The user of the framework identifies and ranks indicators, applies them in an assessment, and then evaluates their effectiveness, while identifying gaps that prevent goals from being met, assessing lessons learned, and moving toward best practices. The framework approach emphasizes that the selection of appropriate criteria and indicators is driven by the specific purpose of an analysis. Realistic goals and measures of bioenergy sustainability can be developed systematically with the help of the framework presented here. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Modelagem do controle gênico do ciclo celular por redes genéticas probabilísticas.

The cell division cycle comprises a sequence of phenomena controlled by a stable and robust genetic network. We applied a Probabilistic Genetic Network (PGN) to construct an hypothetical model with dynamical behaviour and robustness typical of the biological cell-cycle. The structure of our PGN model was inspired in well established biological facts such as the existence of integrator subsystems, negative and positive feedback loops and redundant signaling pathways. Our model represents genes’ interactions as stochastic processes and presents strong robustness in the presence of moderate noise and parameters fluctuations. A recently published deterministic yeast cell-cycle model collapses upon noise conditions that our PGN model supports well. In addition, self stimulatory mechanisms can give our PGN model the possibility of having a pacemaker activity similar to the observed in the oscillatory embryonic cell cycle. Our approach of modeling and simulating the observed behavior by known biological control mechanisms provides plausible hypotheses of how the underlying regulation may be performed in the cell. The ongoing research is lead to identify such regulation mechanisms in the yeast cell-cycle from time-series microarray gene expression data.
Mechanisms for locating resources in space and time: Impacts on the abundance of insect herbivores

Herbivorous insects have the problem both of locating appropriate host plants and ensuring that the plant-feeding stages of their life cycles are synchronized with the times when those hosts provide a high-quality food resource. Because the taxonomic range of potential hosts is generally narrow, and the temporal window when those hosts are suitable is often relatively short, developmental (especially diapause) and dispersal mechanisms may be critical factors in determining whether or not a species population is successful in a particular plant community. The present paper considers the impact of diapause and dispersal mechanisms on the ability of insect herbivores to cope with two attributes of their host plants: (i) the diversity of the plant community within which the hosts are located; and (ii) the seasonal predictability of host suitability. Some common dispersal mechanisms used by insect herbivores are much more appropriate to low-diversity than to high-diversity plant communities and, similarly, some diapause cues are appropriate only to highly predictable plant phenology. Both agriculture and silviculture characteristically manipulate both these attributes of plant communities, that is, in order to make the human use of plants more efficient, cultivation strategies normally both reduce plant species diversity (often to a condition approaching monoculture) and increase the predictability of plant developmental patterns. Consequently, major pest species in managed systems may not be those that are most common in natural systems, and may be difficult to predict in advance.
Pengaruh Brand Awareness terhadap Purchase-intention Dimediasi oleh Perceived-quality Dan-brand-loyalty

n Tujuanxpenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahuixpengaruh brand awareness terhadap purchasexintention dimediasi oleh perceived quality dan brand loyalty. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada industri air minum dalam kemasan Merek Kaori di wilayah Denpasar dengan ukuran sampel yang digunakan sebesar 80 responden berdasarkan metode angket. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala Likert yang digunakan untuk mengukur 16 indikator berbasis metode analisis PLS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa variabel brand awareness berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention dan brand loyalty. Brand loyalty berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention. Brand awareness berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perceived quality. Perceived quality berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand loyalty dan purchase intention. Brand loyalty mampu memediasi perceive quality terhadap purchase intention. Dan perceived quality mampu memediasi brand awareness terhadap purchase intention. n Kata kunci : brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality, purchase intention
Recommendation of Activity Sequences during Distributed Events

Leisure activities constitute an important part of our life. Nowadays, the offer of activities to undertake is constantly growing. This can be easily seen not only by the increasing number of social events created and promoted on Facebook, Couchsurfing, etc., but also by the appearance of specialised online services and event-based social networks, such as Meetup, Eventbrite, etc. Moreover, multi-day events (e.g. conventions, festivals, cruise trips, exhibitions), to which we refer to as distributed events, attract thousands of participants. Their attendees are often overwhelmed with the amount of available options. Recommender systems appear as a common solution in such a context. In this project, we formulate the problem of recommendation of activity sequences and aim at providing an integrated support for users to create a personalised itinerary of activities in order to facilitate their decision making process which events to join. Such assistance is expected to bring a positive impact on well-being and satisfaction with life of individuals.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ADHESIVE OBTURATING MATERIALS ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH

This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth obturated with different adhesive obturation systems. Seventy freshly human extracted single rooted teeth were selected. The samples were biomechanically prepared and classified according to the type of the obturating material into four groups as follows; Group 1; (21 samples) obturated with conventional guttapercha and AD-seal sealer (META, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea). Group 2; (21 samples) obturated with ActivGP cones and Activ GP sealer (Brasseler, Savannah, USA). Group 3; (21 samples) obturated with resilon cones and Epipheny sealer (Pentron,Wallingford,USA). Group 4; Control group (unobturated). The samples were further classified according to the observation time into: Subgroup A; (7 samples) after one week. Subgroup B; (7 samples) after one month and Subgroup C; (7 samples) after three month. Samples were loaded vertically after obturation using Universal Testing Machine until fracture. It was found that ActivGP showed the highest resistance followed by Resilon then conventional gutta-percha. It was concluded that Activ Gpobturating system can strengthen the endodontically treated teeth more than Resilon/Epipheny system. (1696) Medhat T. Elfaramawy E.D. J. Vol. 63, No. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Analysis of invasive insects: Links to climate change

Climate change is expected to alter the geographic distribution and abundance of many species, increase the invasion of new areas by exotic species, and in some cases leads to extinction of species and of whole ecosystems. This chapter reviews some of the links between species invasions and climate change. The effects of climate change on insect pest populations can be direct, through impacts on physiology/ behavior; or, indirect, through biotic interactions (i.e., bottom‐up and top‐down effects). Anthropogenic climate and global change will be a major driver in the introduction, establishment, distribution, impact and changes in the efficacy of management strategies. To address these problems we must be able to predict with accuracy the effects climate change will cause in species distribution and abundance, be they native or exotic species. The commonly used ecological niche modeling (ENMs) approaches have implicit assumptions about the biology of the target species, and characterize the ecological niche using aggregate weather and other factors in the area of its recorded distribution. More holistic physiologically based demographic models (PBDMs) approaches explicitly model the biological and physiological responses of species to weather and species they interact with at fine temporal and spatial scales. The geographic distribution and relative abundance of four invasive insect pests are reviewed under observed and +2°C weather scenarios across the USA and Mexico: the tropical new world screwworm, pink bollworm on cotton, Mediterranean fruit fly (i.e., medfly)) on a fruit tree hosts, and olive fly on olive. +2°C climate change will increase the distribution of screwworm and pink bollworm, reduce the geographic distribution of medfly and alter the distribution of olive fly. The model for olive fly is used to examine the distribution of the fly across the Mediterranean basin illustrating the transferability of the model. Gutierrez A.P., Ponti L. , 2014. Analysis of invasive insects: links to climate change. In: Ziska L.H. , Dukes J.S. , (eds.), Invasive Species and Global Climate Change. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK: 45-61. ISBN 978-1780641645. DOI 10.1079/9781780641645.0045 Definitive version available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1079/9781780641645.0045
Una nueva forma de pensar la discapacidad en Guatemala

This portrait presents the results of the analysis done in a rural context of Guatemala, where people with disability are in a dirt-poor and/or exclusion situation. For this, firstly it is presented, a theoretical revision on the concept of disability as well as at the same time we delve into the context that surrounds a person with disability, secondly, a justified proposal of social intervention that despite of all, is theoretical as long as it’s holistic paradigm and its participatory role. The purpose of this review is raising the reflection about the work done currently with regard to disability in Guatemala and, in particular, in the rural area. Because of this, the need of doing a first analysis of the familiar and school context, being done the theoretical proposal from comprehensive education perspective, from the creation of one collaborative team, made by all agents which surround a person with disability.
History of Australia's South East Fishery: a scientist's perspective

The South East Fishery is one of Australia’s oldest fisheries. Early research on this trawl fishery centred on tiger flathead, the major target species. In the 1970s, the Federal Government actively encouraged fishery development and funded several trawl surveys. Profitable catch rates and optimistic assessments of resource size caused a rapid expansion of the trawl fleet. Separate jurisdictions hampered strategic approaches to SEF-wide research until 1978. Most SEF research in the mid 1960s to mid 1980s was conducted by State fisheries agencies, but federal involvement increased thereafter. A management shift in 1992 to Individual Transferable Quotas saw stock assessment become the major research priority. Industry involvement in the stock assessment process has increased markedly over the past decade and communication between scientists, managers and industry has improved. Predictive models are still limited by poor biological data for most quota species. Stock assessment uncertainty necessitates the increasing use of risk assessments and management strategy evaluation. Assessment scientists are frustrated by limited resources for research and the perceived reluctance of managers to adopt more precautionary approaches to uncertainty. Since ITQ management, fishing effort has risen significantly and concerns have been expressed about the stock status of several SEF species. Recent federal environmental legislation is now directing more attention towards effects of fishing and resource sustainability issues.
Plasmopara viticola: a review of knowledge on downy mildew of grapevine and effective disease management

Normal 0 14 false false false IT ZH-TW X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The oomycete Plasmopara viticola is native to North America and was accidentally introduced into Europe at the end of the 19th century, where it caused widespread damage to the grape industry. Since that time, the damage caused by this plant pathogen has generally been controlled with multiple fungicide applications. Modern fungicides applied as prescribed by weather-based warning systems can effectively prevent any damage that might be caused. Alternatives to chemical treatments, such as the use of biocontrol agents or resistant cultivars, currently play a marginal role in controlling this disease. Until the middle of last century, research efforts were mainly concentrated on optimizing the application of copper fungicides and developing new molecules and formulations for controlling the disease. During the second half of the last century, highly efficient products for control were available, so research efforts moved toward optimizing and minimizing chemical control, mostly through the use of weather-based warning systems based on complex biological models. In the last 20 years, parallel to the development of technologies for genomic and transcriptomic analyses, host-pathogen interactions and population genetics have captured the interest of researchers in this field. Breeding for resistance against downy mildew has always coexisted with chemical control. However, the results of these breeding programmes have traditionally been cultivated only in marginal areas and organic production systems. This review traces the history of European knowledge of P. viticola .
Unusual chemical composition of a sample of Brazilian propolis, as assessed by analysis of a chloroform extract

SUMMARY A chloroform extract from a sample of propolis collected in the state of São Paulo (south-east Brazil) was analysed by column chromatography and the resultant fractions analysed by GC-MS. In comparison with similar analyses carried out with samples of ‘green propolis’ from Minas Gerais (also in south-east Brazil), relatively few shikimate-derived compounds were found, while isoprenoids and acetate-malonate-derived compounds predominated. Among the volatile compounds, sesquiterpenoids prevailed. Dehydrocostus lactone, a sesquiterpenoid known to possess diverse pharmacological properties, was found in relatively high amounts. Free carboxylic acids and pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as α- and β-amyrin, bauer-7–en-3β-yl acetate, D:C-friedoolean-3–one, polyketide-derived phenols (e.g. 3–nonadecylphenol and 3–heptadecylphenol), lactones (e.g. γ-palmitolactone, 6–tridecyl-tetrahydro-2H-piran-2–one), 1–benzylidene-2,2,3,3–tetramethylcyclopropane and 2–t-butyl-naphto-[2,3–b]-furan-4,9–dione, were found among other substances. Several compounds here detected had previously not been reported as propolis constituents. Some characteristic prenylated compounds of green propolis were also detected in the more polar fractions from the chromatographic columns.