Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Long-term results of TIPS, TIPS with CVO and combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection for the treatment of portal hypertension].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the long-term results of TIPS, TIPS with coronary vein occlusion (CVO) and combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection for the treatment of portal hypertension and variceal bleedings. METHODS Three hundreds and fifty-eight patients with portal hypertension were admitted because of variceal bleeding from July 1993 to May 2008. All patients were divided into 3 groups: 227 cases in group TIPS, 36 cases in TIPS and CVO group, 95 cases in combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection group. The rates of successful operation, shunt patency, rebleeding, encephalopathy and survival were observed and compared by statistics methods. RESULTS There were 349 cases (97.5%) underwent successful surgery and 9 cases with failure surgery. The rates of occluded shunts, encephalopathy, rebleeding, and death in early periods were 2.5%, 31.8%, 4.7% and 9.0% respectively. The rate of encephalopathy and death in group with TIPS were higher than in group with combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection (P < 0.01). The rate of encephalopathy and death were 41.2% and 24.7% in 85 cases with emergency TIPS. During the follow-up 1 - 15 years, the rate of patency shunts in 12 and 24 months after operation was 74.0% and 48.1% respectively. The rate of 1-year patency shunts in group with combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection was higher than in group with TIPS, TIPS and CVO (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The rebleeding in group with TIPS was higher than in group with combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection (P < 0.01), and the survival rate in group with TIPS was lower than in group with TIPS and CVO, combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS TIPS is an efficient therapy for portal hypertension with CVO, combined TIPS and portal azygous disconnection can improve the results of TIPS for portal hypertension.
Rheological and Dielectric Behavior of a Styrene−Isoprene−Styrene Triblock Copolymer in n-Tetradecane. 1. Rubbery−Plastic−Viscous Transition

Rheological and dielectric behavior was examined for a 50 wt % solution of a symmetric styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) triblock copolymer (M = 60.2K, S content = 28%) dissolved in an I-selective solvent, n-tetradecane (C14). Dynamic mechanical tests with various strain amplitudes, γ 0 = 0.03-0.8, were performed at various temperatures (T). At T ≤ 30 °C, the system exhibited elastic, rubberlike responses characterized with frequency (ω)-insensitive G' being much larger than G for small γ 0 and slippage at the measuring assembly wall for large γ 0 . At 40 ≤ T/°C ≤ 80, the system showed elastic responses (similar to those at T ≤ 30°C) for small γ 0 and highly nonlinear, elastoplastic responses characterized with lozenge-shaped stress-strain patterns for large γ 0 . At T ≥ 90 °C, viscous behavior was observed. These rheological changes were compared with changes in the dielectric behavior of the SIS/C14 system ; the I block had dipoles parallel along the chain contour and the motion of its ends was dielectrically detected. In the rubbery regime (T ≤ 30 °C), no detectable dielectric dispersion was observed, meaning that the I block ends were anchored on rigid S domains. In the viscous regime (T ≥ 90 °C), prominent dispersion was observed. This dispersion suggested that the I block motion was essentially free from the constraint due to the S domains and the S and I blocks were more or less homogeneously mixed with each other. In the plastic regime (40 ≤ T/°C ≤ 80), the system exhibited onset of dielectric dispersion (upturn of dielectric loss at low ω). This fact suggested some freedom in motion of the I block ends (in the S/I interface) at those T. In the plastic regime, the dielectric response of the SIS/C14 system remained the same at the quiescent state and under oscillatory/steady shear. A previous argument (Watanabe et al. J. Rheol. 1984, 28, 393) attributed the plasticity to strain-induced motion of the I blocks pulling out the S blocks from softened S domains. However, the shear-insensitive dielectric behavior suggests that the pullout of the S blocks was not the only mechanism providing the plasticity. From this point of view, the mechanism for the plasticity of the SIS/C14 system was discussed in relation to the possible conformations of the I blocks, a bridge connecting different S domains and a loop having two ends anchored on the same domain.
Precession Electron Diffraction – a versatile tool for the characterization of Phase Change Materials

Precession Electron Diffraction (PED) has become a versatile tool of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for enhancing its nanoscale characterization abilities. In this contribution the advantages of PED are demonstrated on bulk samples of Phase Change Materials (PCM) with the nominal compositions Ge8Sb2Te11 and Ge8Bi2Te11. PED was applied in combination with High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) to determine such homologous structures based on variable sequences of layered building units. The efficiency of PED can be shown by the identification of ordering which is not evident from the projection of the structure in HRTEM or by use of Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). Simulations support the ability of PED for recording 3D structural information. The PED patterns of the PCM can be assigned to superstructures which exhibit specific distances between adjacent Te‐Te double layers. PED was also performed to analyze the structural changes after massive irradiation of PCM crystals. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of substrate temperature on the molecular structure of PMMA films deposited by pulsed laser deposition

Poly-methy1-methacrylate (PMMA) films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on a Si (1 0 0) substrate at different temperatures. The films were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrum, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope. It was observed that the molecular structure of the PMMA films transformed from isotactic to syndiotactic during ablation and subsequent deposition. However, the deposition process does not significantly alter the monomer composition of the polymer films, as compared with the PMMA target. The substrate temperature shows great effects on the surface morphology and the leakage current of the PMMA films. It is expected that the PMMA films with flat surface and optimum chemical stability might provide some applications in a microelectronic device.
Turbulence decay behind expanded metal screens

An experiment study of the turbulent flow behind expanded metal screens has been carried out in a low-turbulence wind tunnel using an X-probe hot-wire anemometer system. The expanded metal screens turn flow due to a complex array of vaned elements. The flow turning was found to vary accordingly with the dimensions of the strands that make up the screen. The turbulence generated by the screens decays at a rate proportional to the downstream distance to the power - 5/7, consistent with studies in the literature of conventional screens types, and was found to scale with the thickness of the screen strands. The mean velocity, pressure drop and turbulence characteristics of expanded metal screens are presented. Une etude experimentale de l'ecoulement turbulent derriere des ecrans de metal expanse a ete realisee dans un tunnel de faible turbulence avec un systeme anemometrique a film chaud couple a une sonde a rayons X. Les ecrans de metal expanse detournent l'ecoulement du fait d'un arrangement complexe des elements deflecteurs. La deviation de l'eecoulement varie en fonction des dimensions des torons qui composent l'ecran. La turbulence engendree par les ecrans decroǐt a un rythme proportionnel a la distance de l'ecoulement descendant a la puissance −5/7, ce qui concorde avec les etudes publiees anterieurement pour des ecrans de type traditionnel, et on a trouve qu'elle change d'echelle avec l'epaisseur des torons des ecrans. Les proprietes de vitesse, de perte de charge et de turbulence moyennes des ecrans de metal expanse sont presentees.
Crystal structure of 5-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo- [5,1-a]isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile, C17H10N6O2

C17H10N6O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 23.144(3) Å, b = 7.8478(9) Å, c = 17.448(2) Å, $ = 107.274(2)°, V = 3026.1 Å, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0380, wRref(F ) = 0.1173, T = 298 K.
Determination of 2′,3′-Dideoxyinosine in Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A high performance liquid chromatography analysis method has been developed for the quantitation of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (DDI) in plasma. Proteins were precipitated from plasma samples with acetonitrile containing the internal standard, 6-methylaminopurine riboside. The treated samples were evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in mobile phase for the analysis. Separation of the components was achieved on a 5 μm octadecylsilane column with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The method was validated at nine concentrations between 0.015 and 150 μg/mL. Using 500 μL of human plasma, the limit of quantitation was 120 ng/mL and the limit of detection was 60 ng/mL. The mean intra-day precision of the method was 1.6%. The mean accuracy of the method was within 2% of the actual values. This method is currently being used for pharmacokinetic studies in the rat.
Recent Advances in Luminescent Monomeric, Multinuclear, and Polymeric Zn(II) and Cd(II) Coordination Complexes

‘Luminescence research has a long history full of splendor and surprise, and a bright future, promising variegated applications to probe molecules and crystals, to visualize atomic phenomena, . ’ H. J. Queisser, 1981 This article briefly summarizes recent progress on the luminescence studies of monomeric, multinuclear, and polymeric Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) coordination complexes, involving spectroscopic, photophysical, and photochemical studies, as well as molecular and electronic structural investigations, focussing mainly on the interplaying factors that govern the luminescent origin of the lowest-lying emissive states. Current results show that, for Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) coordination complexes in general, the nature of the metal centres and ligands and the rigid metal-oxy (or -hydroxy) clusters are factors governing their luminescent origin of the lowest-lying emissive states; different types of ligands and coordination structures may result in different emission mechanisms.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Experimental schemes and applications

Cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy is a direct absorption technique, which can be performed with pulsed or continuous light sources and has a significantly higher sensitivity than obtainable in conventional absorption spectroscopy. The CRD technique is based upon the measurement of the rate of absorption rather than the magnitude of absorption of a light pulse confined in a closed optical cavity with a high Q factor. The advantage over normal absorption spectroscopy results from, firstly, the intrinsic insensitivity to light source intensity fluctuations and, secondly, the extremely long effective path lengths (many kilometres) that can be realized in stable optical cavities. In the last decade, it has been shown that the CRD technique is especially powerful in gas-phase spectroscopy for measurements of either strong absorptions of species present in trace amounts or weak absorptions of abundant species. In this review, we emphasize the various experimental schemes of CRD spectroscopy, and we show how these schemes can be used to obtain spectroscopic information on atoms, molecules, ions and clusters in many environments such as open air, static gas cells, supersonic expansions, flames and discharges.
Simulation of constructed wetland treatment in wastewater polishing using PREWet model

Abstract To minimize the negative impact of wastewater when disposed into water bodies, proper treatment before its disposal is vital. Different wastewater treatment scenarios can be tested using predictive and analytical models. A screening-level, analytical model known as the PREWet model was calibrated and validated. The model assumes steady-state conditions and one-dimensional longitudinally varying concentration. The model was calibrated on a pilot-scale wetland and used to predict treatment through a constructed wetland. Performance of the calibrated model was statistically evaluated for its predictive ability by simulating the wastewater treatment through a constructed wetland. Different constituents were modelled which include: total phosphorous (TP), total coliform (TC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The model coefficients were estimated using field and laboratory studies. Sensitivity analysis indicated that detention time of wastewater in constructed wetland w.
A modelling study of nitrogen deposited to arable land from the atmosphere and its contribution to nitrate leaching

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) makes a significant contribution to the N inputs to agricultural systems and is a major eutrophying and acidifying input to natural and semi‐natural ecosystems. We have estimated the nitrogen deposited to arable land at Rothamsted and at two Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) in the UK, Lichfield and the River Waveney. Using the SUNDIAL N cycle model calibrated against measured soil mineral N and leaching losses at Rothamsted, we have calculated the contribution of deposited N to nitrate leaching under a range of crops growing on the major soil series in the NVZs. Approximately 44, 46 and 28 kg N/ha per yr are deposited to arable land around Rothamsted and in the Lichfield and Waveney NVZs, respectively. Most of this is dry‐deposited in oxidized forms: nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid are the main components, arising mostly from industry, home heating and vehicle emissions. SUNDIAL predicts that current total leaching losses from arable crops average 39 kg N/ha per yr in the Lichfield NVZ anti 22 kg/ha per yr in the Waveney NVZ. Atsmospheric N contributes about 28% of the N leached from arable land in the Lichfield NVZ and 17% in the Waveney NVZ, a very significant amount. There is little variation in total leaching or the atmospheric contribution to it between soil series within each NVZ, but much variation with crop type and the weather: atmospheric N can comprise over 40% of the N leached under spring cereals in some years.
Successive ionic layer deposition. The use in nanotechnology

The problems related to the synthesis of nanolayers of various classes of substances (inorganic, organic and hybrid, i.e., inorganic/organic) by successive ionic, ionic–molecular and ionic–colloidal layer deposition are discussed. The experimental data are systematised in terms of the type of reaction occurring on the surface during the synthesis. The use of successive ionic layer deposition in nanotechnology for the preparation of practically valuable nanolayers is considered. These nanolayers include the layers in SnO2-based conductometric gas sensors, passivating protective coatings on the metal surface, semiconductor cells for solar energy conversion, photo-, electrochromic and magnetic materials, pervaporation membranes, electrocatalysts, light diodes, and so on.
Solvation properties of Li+ and CI− in water: molecular dynamics simulation with a non-rigid model

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to investigate the solvation properties of Li+ and C1− ions in water with a relatively accurate but rarely used non-rigid model, RWK2, in this study. A new set of ion-water interaction parameters was evaluated from the experimental data and first principles calculation results of stable clusters, Li+(H2O) n (n = 1- 6) and CI−(H2O) n (n = 1–4). With the ion-water potential parameters evaluated from the data of the clusters and the water-water potential predetermined from the non-rigid RWK2 model, the structural (radial distribution functions, angular distribution functions, spatial distribution functions, coordination number), dynamical (residence time) and energetic properties of the ionic salvations in bulk water were studied through a comprehensive analysis of our MD simulation outputs. These results not only agree well with experimental data and first principles calculations, but also reveal some new insights into the microscopic ionic salvation processes.
Using an interval branch‐and‐bound algorithm in the Hartree–Fock method

The Hartree-Fock (HF) method is widely used to obtain atomic and molecular electronic wave functions, based on the minimization of a functional of the energy. We propose to use a deterministic global optimization algorithm, based on a branch-and-bound method, that applies techniques of interval arithmetic. This algorithm is applied directly to the minimization of the energy expression derived from the HF method. The proposed approach was successfully applied to the ground state of He and Be atoms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 103: 500 -504, 2005
Die Infektiosität der Nucleinsäure aus Tabakmosaikvirus

Die durch kurzzeitige Phenolbehandlung des Tabakmosaikvirus isolierte Ribonucleinsäure hat infektiöse Eigenschaften. Es wurde gezeigt, daß der Effekt nicht auf Beimengungen von intaktem Virus beruht oder von der Anwesenheit kleinerer Mengen von nativem Virusprotein abhängt. Somit erscheint die Ribonucleinsäure als diejenige Komponente des Virus, die den Reproduktionsvorgang bewirkt.
Effect of Postharvest UV-B Radiation and Visible Light on Health and Sensory Related Parameters in Plums (Prunus domestica L.)

Plums (Prunus domestica L.) of the cultivars 'Avalon' (ripe) and 'Victoria' (ripe and slightly ripe) were treated with visible light or visible light and UV-B radiation. The effects of the treatments on important sensory attributes and content of anthocyanins were investigated. Light and radiation treated plums lost more weight than control plums kept in the dark. The soluble solids content and titratable acidity were higher in the inner part of the fruit flesh compared to the outer part. In 'Victoria' plums, the combination of visible light and UV-B treatment increased the content of soluble solids in the outer part of the fruit flesh on the exposed side. The same treatment gave the highest level of redness (a*-value) in the skin of the plums. Slightly ripe plums had less anthocyanins than the ripe ones, but after visible light and UV-B treatment this difference was balanced out.
Recent Advances in Solid-State NMR of Zeolites

Zeolites have found widespread application as catalysts in a variety of important reactions, as sorbents and ion exchangers. While single crystals of natural minerals readily lend themselves to conventional methods of structural investigation, synthetic zeolites until very recently were studied by the less powerful powder x-ray diffractometry, which required the support of indirect methods. The development of high-resolution solid­ state NMR techniques, such as magic-angle spinning (MAS) gave zeolite chemistry a new and powerful structural tool. Zeolites are an attractive subject to an NMR spectroscopist since virtually every chemical element they contain can be profitably studied by NMR. The scope of this survey does not permit a comprehensive discussion of the more than a thousand papers published on the subject, most during the last five years, especially since an earlier review (I) and a recent book (2) are available. Therefore, firstly I consider only high-resolution studies; secondly, I provide the fundamentals of solid-state NMR of zeolites; thirdly, I place particular stress on recent work. My principal aim is to provide an up-to-date survey of the most important papers in the field published in the last three years. Since 1979, 29Si, 27Al, and 170 have been observed in the zeoli tic frame­ work using MAS NMR. In particular, 29Si studies have provided many new insights into the structure and chemistry of zeolites. Signals originating from crystallographically nonequivalent silicon atoms can now be resolved and related to structural parameters. MAS studies of protons in zeolites have led to considerable progress in understanding the nature of catalytic
Catalytically healing the Stone–Wales defects in graphene by carbon adatoms

Graphene with a perfect hexagonal network structure is desirable for various reasons, e.g., mechanical, thermal conductivity and transport properties. Yet, the embedded defects generated either in synthesis or usage stages have posed obstacles for graphene applications. Therefore, removal of the structural defects in graphene has remained an important task. Stone–Wales (SW) defects are one typical topological structure in the carbon nanomaterials. Unfortunately, the SW defects in graphene have to overcome a very high restoration barrier (ca. 6 eV). Very recent theoretical work has shown the promise to reduce the restoration barrier by the adsorbed transition metal atoms down to 2.86 eV (for W) (yet this is still too high). In the present density functional theory (DFT) study, we find that through a mechanically different process, the adsorption of carbon atoms can dramatically reduce the restoration barrier to hitherto the lowest value, i.e., 20.0 kcal mol−1 (0.87 eV), which could make the SW-healing experimentally accessible. Subsequently, the C-adatom can migrate very easily on the graphene surface. As a result, one carbon adatom could principally catalyze the healing of all the SW defects in a cascade mode if no termination steps exist. During the graphene growth, the presently proposed carbon-adatom catalytic mechanism could have played a role in healing the SW defect. Moreover, we propose that in the post-treatment of graphene, adsorption of the carbon adatom could be used as an effective catalyst for the SW-healing. The catalytic role of carbon atoms on the SW defect should be included in the modeling of graphene growth.
Fractionation and mixing of Nd isotopes during thermal ionization mass spectrometry: implications for high precision 142Nd/144Nd analyses

High precision TIMS analyses of the La Jolla Nd standard show that although the internal precision (2σmean) of most runs is better than 4 ppm for the 142Nd/144Nd and 143Nd/144Nd values, the external reproducibility (2σ) is a factor of two worse. This is because in several runs, the mass-dependent fractionation of the isotope ratios does not follow the exponential law for the whole run. Divergence from exponential law behavior starts at a different point in time for each run and is accompanied by a switch from normal to ‘reverse’ fractionation, where isotope ratios get lighter with time. Ratios measured thereafter display increased scatter, upward shifts in 142Nd/144Nd, 143Nd/144Nd, 148Nd/144Nd, and 150Nd/144Nd, and a downward shift in 145Nd/144Nd. The deviations are to the concave side of the exponential law curves in XNd/144Ndvs. 146Nd/144Nd space, and hence can be explained by mixing of ions derived from isotopically heterogeneous sample reservoirs that fractionate independently along the exponential law curve. Such variably fractionated sample domains would be expected to develop on the filament in response to prevailing temperature gradients and heterogeneous sample distribution. Such an effect can also account for the apparent stalling or reversal of the mass fractionation. Isotope mixing during mass spectrometry is of great concern when measuring 142Nd anomalies because an inevitable consequence of the phenomenon is that 142Nd/144Nd deviations will always be positive when using 146Nd/144Nd for mass fractionation correction. This might preclude the detection of potential negative 142Nd anomalies, or produce spurious positive 142Nd anomalies. Upward shifts in 142Nd/144Nd as high as 70 ppm can be observed during an analysis. In practice, this could result in measurement errors and uncertainties of about the same magnitude as the natural anomalies geochemists try to resolve, i.e., <50 ppm. The ultimate attainable accuracy and reproducibility of isotope ratios will thus be constrained by ion-counting statistics as well as the extent of isotope mixing during the measurement on a mass spectrometer.