Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tri-Hamiltonian duality between solitons and solitary-wave solutions having compact support.

A simple scaling argument shows that most integrable evolutionary systems, which are known to admit a bi-Hamiltonian structure, are, in fact, governed by a compatible trio of Hamiltonian structures. We demonstrate how their recombination leads to integrable hierarchies endowed with nonlinear dispersion that supports compactons (solitary-wave solutions having compact support), or cusped and/or peaked solitons. A general algorithm for effecting this duality between classical solitons and their nonsmooth counterparts is illustrated by the construction of dual versions of the modified Korteweg\char21{}de Vries equation, the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, the integrable Boussinesq system used to model the two-way propagation of shallow water waves, and the Ito system of coupled nonlinear wave equations. These hierarchies include a remarkable variety of interesting integrable nonlinear differential equations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Survey of white coat hypertension

Editor—Muscholl et al reported that patients with white coat hypertension showed evidence of target organ damage as manifested by changes in left ventricular structure and function when compared with normotensive subjects.1 Though interesting, their results are misleading. The conventional method for identifying patients with white coat hypertension is by comparing blood pressure measured by a physician in a clinic with measurements made with 24 hour ambulatory monitors. Although there is no agreement as to the exact criteria, the central concept of white coat hypertension is that it is characterised by high blood pressure only in the medical setting; blood pressure is normal at other times. In Muscholl et al’s study, all the blood pressure measurements were made in a medical setting. After at least 30 minutes’ rest, blood pressure was measured three times by a technician, and the means of the second and third readings were used as the baseline or “non-physician” blood pressure. These readings were compared with blood pressure measured once by a physician after an echocardiographic examination. Patients were classified as having white coat hypertension when the blood pressure measured by the technician was <140/90 mm Hg and that recorded by the physician was ⩾160/95 mm Hg. The authors provide no evidence that the technicians’ readings are in any way representative of measurements in a non-medical setting, and previous work has shown that although blood pressure measured in a clinic by a non-physician (in this case a nurse) was substantially lower than the physician’s readings,3 it is not a reliable way of diagnosing white coat hypertension. The difference in the procedures used by the technician and the physician is also a problem. The technician measured blood pressure three times before the echocardiographic examination, with the first reading omitted from the analysis, whereas the physician measured it only once, after the echocardiographic examination. This makes meaningful comparison between the two sets of readings difficult. We do not accept the authors’ conclusion, based on their data, that white coat hypertension is not a benign condition, because their method of defining white coat hypertension is so different from other definitions in the medical literature.
An in vitro evaluation of titanium, zirconia, and alumina procera abutments with hexagonal connection.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the precision at the implant interface of titanium, zirconia, and alumina Procera abutments with a hexagonal connection for single-tooth restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty Procera abutments were produced with commercially pure titanium, 20 with zirconia, and 20 with alumina using computer-assisted design and manufacture (CAD/CAM). The rotational freedom of the abutments was assessed to detect the precision of fit of each abutment on the top of the implant hexagon. RESULTS Significant differences relative to rotational freedom were found between groups: the titanium group and the zirconia group did not differ significantly, but both demonstrated significantly smaller mean rotational freedoms than the alumina group (P < .05). Rotational freedom was less than 3 degrees for all abutments. CONCLUSIONS The hexagonal misfit of the Procera abutment on the implant hexagon may be implicated in screw joint loosening. In the present study, all types of CAD/CAM Procera abutments consistently showed less than 3 degrees of rotational freedom in a situation where the abutment was connected to an implant by a hexagonal external connection.
Numerical solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using flatlet oblique multiwavelets

This paper is concerned with the construction of a biorthogonal multiwavelet basis in the unit interval to form a biorthogonal flatlet multiwavelet system. The system is then used to solve nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The biorthogonality and high vanishing moment properties of this system result in efficient and accurate solutions. Finally, numerical results for some test problems with known solutions are presented and the absolute errors are compared with the errors resulting from B-spline bases.
Radiation-Induced Soft Tissue Sarcoma after Prostate Brachytherapy

Secondary malignancy arising following brachytherapy for prostate cancer is rare in medical literature. We present a case of post-brachytherapy soft tissue sarcoma in the pelvis approximately 7 years after 103-P permanent seed implant. The patient developed a large left pelvic mass associated with significant left leg pain. He was not a good candidate for radical surgery, chemotherapy, or re-irradiation. Due to the paucity of high-quality studies, the exact role of prostate brachytherapy in radiationinduced soft tissue sarcoma is still unclear. We seek to review the existing literature on radiation-induced soft tissue sarcoma.
Dynamic Modeling and Model-Based Control of Exercise Disturbances in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

A mathematical model of the changes in plasma glucose and ins ulin concentrations during mild-tomoderate physiological exercise was developed for type 1 di abet c patients. From a metabolic prospective, the significant metabolic changes in the body induced b y exercise are: increased glucose uptake rate by the working tissues; increased hepatic glucose producti on to maintain overall glucose homeostasis; and decreased plasma insulin concentration. As a disturban ce effect, extended-duration exercise leads to a decrease in hepatic glucose release; the result is an ina bility to maintain normoglycemia beyond a certain point during prolonged exercise periods. The minim al odel developed by Bergman et al. [9] was extended to include the major effects on plasma glucose a nd insulin levels during and after exercise. Model predictions of glucose and insulin dynamics were cons istent with the existing literature data. The exercise model was used in the synthesis of linear and non linear MPC algorithms for maintaining normoglycemia during and after mild-to-moderate exercise . The closed-loop result of both the MPCs indicated tight glucose control.
The Eyes Know

In two experiments, we examined whether observers’ eye movements distinguish studied faces from highly similar novel faces. Participants’ eye movements were monitored while they viewed three-face displays. Target-present displays contained a studied face and two morphed faces that were visually similar to it; target-absent displays contained three morphed faces that were visually similar to a studied, but not tested, face. On each trial in a test session, participants were instructed to choose the studied face if it was present or a random face if it was not and then to indicate whether the chosen face was studied. Whereas manipulating visual similarity in target-absent displays influenced the rate of false endorsements of nonstudied items as studied, eye movements proved impervious to this manipulation. Studied faces were viewed disproportionately from 1,000 to 2,000 ms after display onset and from 1,000 to 500 ms before explicit identification. Early viewing also distinguished studied faces from faces incorrectly endorsed as studied. Our findings show that eye movements provide a relatively pure index of past experience that is uninfluenced by explicit response strategies, and suggest that eye movement measures may be of practical use in applied settings.
Periodization of apnea training

Tras la ruptura de la respiracion, comienzan a producirse una sucesion de procesos encaminados a adaptar el organismo a la heterostasis provocada. Los diferente factores de rendimiento de la "Apnea Indoor" (apnea estatica y apnea dinamica, con y sin aletas) han sido estudiados con anterioridad. En esta Tesis doctoral se estudia el grado de correlacion existente entre algunos de los factores de rendimiento de la Apnea Indoor - almacenaje total de O2/CO2, metabolismo basal y tolerancia a la asfixia - con el rendimiento especifico de la misma. Ademas, se analizan los posibles beneficios sobre el rendimiento en Apnea Indoor que otorga el entrenamiento periodizado, por un lado, y la inclusion de cargas fisicas por el otro. Contenido de la Investigacion. Veintinueve apneistas masculinos (36±5.07 anos, IMC 22.8±1.43) con 1.09±0.66 anos de experiencia en la Apnea Indoor fueron divididos en dos grupos de entrenamiento periodizado - entrenamiento cruzado (EC; n=10) y entrenamiento en apnea tradicional (EAT; n=9) - y un grupo control (GC; n=10). El programa de entrenamiento implantado, para los dos grupos de entrenamiento periodizado, fue de veintidos semanas de duracion con microciclos semanales de tres sesiones de entrenamiento de noventa minutos. Con el fin de conocer el grado de correlacion existente entre los factores del rendimiento de la Apnea Indoor con el rendimiento especifico de la misma, asi como las adaptaciones logradas por los diferentes grupos de entrenamiento, se realizaron una serie de test antes y despues de los programas de entrenamiento. Los resultados muestran una correlacion entre el rendimiento en la Apnea Indoor y la altura (r = 0.491), la capacidad vital (r = 0.539), volemia (r = 0.466), frecuencia minima alcanzada durante la anea estatica en seco (r = - 0.624), la masa magra corporal (r = 0.406) y la SpO2 minima alcanzada durante la apnea estatica en seco (r = - 0.485). Tras la intervencion de los entrenamientos, los apneistas del grupo control mejoraron su rendimiento en Apnea Indoor en un 4.6 %, mientras que el grupo de EC y EEA mejoraron en un 30.3 % y 27 % respectivamente. Las mejoras producidas sobre el rendimiento en Apnea Indoor tras ambos entrenamientos periodizados - EC y EEA - fueron similares, no obstante mientras que la apnea estatica mejora mas en el grupo de EEA, las disciplinas dinamicas obtienen mejores resultados tras el EC. Conclusiones. En apneistas de nivel medio, los factores de rendimiento mas determinantes de la Apnea Indoor, son: el almacenaje total de O2/CO2 en el organismo y la capacidad fisica/mental individual del apneista para soportar las condiciones extremas de hipoxia e hipercapnia. Por otra parte, los resultados ponen de manifiesto la considerable mejora producida sobre el rendimiento en la Apnea Indoor a traves de la inclusion de un sistema de entrenamiento periodizado en objetivos y contenidos a medio y largo plazo; ademas, la inclusion de cargas fisicas asociadas al entrenamiento de apnea, incrementa el rendimiento en las disciplinas dinamicas - DYN y DNF, respecto a un entrenamiento de apnea exclusivo y aislado.
A Mobile Shopping Assistant to Support Product Domesticity in Consumer Decisions

In this paper we propose and develop a mobile persuasive application to raise user's interest in specific products, by providing information about each product, focusing on the production country and the origin of the company that produces it. During shopping, the user receives information about each product by optically scanning product barcodes with a mobile device. Recommendations for similar products based on product origin are also provided. In an exploratory evaluation, users indicated that the application was found to be easy to use and was rated useful. Moreover, our experimental results show that the proposed system can significantly affect the decision making process of the users.
Epigenetic Variability across Human Populations: A Focus on DNA Methylation Profiles of the KRTCAP3, MAD1L1 and BRSK2 Genes

Abstract Natural epigenetic diversity has been suggested as a key mechanism in microevolutionary processes due to its capability to create phenotypic variability within individuals and populations. It constitutes an important reservoir of variation potentially useful for rapid adaptation in response to environmental stimuli. The analysis of population epigenetic structure represents a possible tool to study human adaptation and to identify external factors that are able to naturally shape human DNA methylation variability. The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamics that create epigenetic diversity between and within different human groups. To this end, we first used publicly available epigenome-wide data to explore population-specific DNA methylation changes that occur at macro-geographic scales. Results from this analysis suggest that nutrients, UVA exposure and pathogens load might represent the main environmental factors able to shape DNA methylation profiles. Then, we evaluated DNA methylation of candidate genes (KRTCAP3, MAD1L1, and BRSK2), emerged from the previous analysis, in individuals belonging to different populations from Morocco, Nigeria, Philippines, China, and Italy, but living in the same Italian city. DNA methylation of the BRSK2 gene is significantly different between Moroccans and Nigerians (pairwise t-test: CpG 6 P-value = 5.2*10 −3; CpG 9 P-value = 2.6*10 −3; CpG 10 P-value = 3.1*10 −3; CpG 11 P-value = 2.8*10 −3). Comprehensively, these results suggest that DNA methylation diversity is a source of variability in human groups at macro and microgeographical scales and that population demographic and adaptive histories, as well as the individual ancestry, actually influence DNA methylation profiles.
MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DEPOSITION OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN TISSUES

The mechanisms reponsible for the deposition of circulating immune complexes have been analyzed. An active process appears to be responsible in both a laboratory model in guinea pigs and in acute immune complex disease (serum sickness) in rabbits. In rabbits, after the injection of antigen to induce serum sickness, immune complexes appear in the circulation. In addition, homocytotropic (IgE) antibody is formed which binds to the surface of basophils. Leukocyte suspensions containing these basophils, when combined with specific antigen, release a soluble factor that causes clumping of platelets and release of their vasoactive amines. An excellent correlation was found between the presence of this mechanism of release of vasoactive amine and the deposition of immune complexes in serum sickness of rabbits. Antagonists of vasoactive amines or depletion of platelets, the major circulating reservoir of these amines, suppressed the deposition of circulating immune complexes and inhibited glomerulitis and arteritis. Upon entering the walls of vessels, the complexes became lodged immune complexes, greater than 19S in size, were deposited along the membranes. The data suggest that at a time when immune complexes appear in the circulation of an immunized rabbit, vasoactive amines are released from platelets in areas where turbulence of blood occurs. Sensitized basophils participate in the release of vasoactive amines from the platelets. The amines induced increased vascular permeability which leads to deposition of large complexes from the circulation in vessel walls by a process of filtration. The deposited complexes then induce inflammatory injury.
13 Safety of Biotechnology Products

Medicines based on the application of recombinant technology are relatively new to the therapeutics industry. This chapter will focus specifically on purified and recombinant proteins, collectively termed protein therapeutic agents (Gallupi et al., 2001), used in the treatment of disease that are able to affect the growth or metabolism of cells in vivo. This rather broad definition includes proteins derived from a variety of different sources, including the purification of proteins from various sources (e.g. serum and urine), and proteins created using recombinant DNA technology in either bacterial or mammalian cells, including hormones, enzymes and antibodies. This is in contrast to the traditional method of developing medicines by the application of organic chemistry; medicines developed in this manner are usually referred to as ‘small molecules’. It should be noted that other molecules, such as steroids and vaccines, as well as gene therapy techniques and various diagnostic tests, might also be considered biologics. However, for the purposes of this discussion, these molecules will be excluded from this chapter; vaccines will be discussed in the Chapter 14. Protein therapeutic agents have had an enormous impact on the treatment of many diseases that previously did not have adequate therapies. For example:
Study on Elastic Helical TDR Sensing Cable for Distributed Deformation Detection

In order to detect distributed ground surface deformation, an elastic helical structure Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensing cable is shown in this paper. This special sensing cable consists of three parts: a silicone rubber rope in the center; a couple of parallel wires coiling around the rope; a silicone rubber pipe covering the sensing cable. By analyzing the relationship between the impedance and the structure of the sensing cable, the impedance model shows that the sensing cable impedance will increase when the cable is stretched. This specific characteristic is verified in the cable stretching experiment which is the base of TDR sensing technology. The TDR experiment shows that a positive reflected signal is created at the stretching deformation point on the sensing cable. The results show that the deformation section length and the stretching elongation will both affect the amplitude of the reflected signal. Finally, the deformation locating experiments show that the sensing cable can accurately detect the deformation point position on the sensing cable.
Puerto Rican women : The effects of economic and social policies on opportuni ty costs

The off-observed inverse relationship between economic activity in the formal or informal sector and levels of fertility is attributed to the opportunity costs of reproduction. The economic and social policies that initiate and maintain the substantial flow of federal transfer payments to the Puerto Rican population is likely to reduce the opportunity costs among women participating in the informal economy; therefore, informal labor market participants will have fertility levels more like women who have never worked than like women active in the formal labor market. Using data from the 1982 Puerto Rican Fertility and Family Planning Assessment, this paper compares fertility differentials among ever-married women who have never worked, who have ever worked in the informal economy, and who have only worked in the formal economy. Contrary to expectations, the fertility levels of informal labor market participants are more like those of formal labor market participants; economic activity in either sector is associated with bearing fewer children. Federal transfer payments do not appear to reduce the opportunity costs of reproduction among women employed in the informal economy. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1989 meeting of the Population Association of America. In more-industrialized societies, an inverse relationship is most often observed between women's productive and reproductive activities, although in lessindustrialized countries the relationship is not as clear (Conning & Marckwardt, 1982; Rodriguez & Cleland, 1981). Several recent studies have suggested that lower levels of fertility may be observed in women who work away from home but that women who work in home industries may not have lower levels of fertility (Chi & Harris, 1975; Hass, 1971; Jaffe & Azumi, 1960). Women who work away from home are presumed to experience greater degrees of work and family role incompatibilities, to possess a stronger commitment to the work role, and to have more human capital (e.g., education, work experience and training) than women who work in home industries or women who do not work at all. Standing (1978) suggests that opportunity costs, the underlying mechanism in this neo-classical economic framework, vary by type of labor market structure. Variations in opportunity costs then explain contradictory findings in less-industrialized countries. This paper argues that opportunity costs do vary by the type of employment
Excess Mortality from Breast Cancer in Relation to Mammography Screening in Northern Sweden

Objectives— Previous randomised studies of mammography screening have shown a significant effect on breast cancer mortality, particularly in women aged 50–Q69 at randomisation. Breast cancer mortality has traditionally been studied by judgments on causes of death, either from cause of death registers or from medical records. In this study an alternative method was used, estimating the excess mortality associated with breast cancer. Setting— In 1990 two counties of northern Sweden started population based mammography screening of women aged 40–74. The unscreened population in the two other counties of the same region were selected as controls. Results— Excess mortality associated with breast cancer was lower in the screened population, and was discernible three to four years after the start of screening. The relative risk estimate, based on the cumulative excess number of deaths from breast cancer during 1990–95 in the screened versus the control population aged 40–74 (at diagnosis of breast cancer), was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.99). For women aged 50–69 it was 0.67 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.99). In the 50–69 age group the estimated excess number of deaths from breast cancer during 1995 was 17.0 per 100 000 women (95% CI 5.0 to 29.0) in the screened counties and 51.1 per 100 000 (95% CI 30.2 to 71.9) in the unscreened counties. Conclusions— Population based routine screening has substantial effects on breast cancer mortality in women aged 50–69. Estimation of excess mortality can be used in future studies to evaluate the effects of mammography screening on breast cancer mortality.
Childhood-onset schizophrenia: timely neurobiological research.

OBJECTIVE To review timely research on childhood-onset schizophrenia in view of advances in biological research on, and neurodevelopmental theories of, the later-onset disorder. METHOD Research issues are outlined including further clarification of ICD- and DSM-defined childhood schizophrenia, and differentiation from autism "spectrum" and other subtle, chronic developmental disorders. Key neurobiological advances are reviewed for which child studies are relevant and feasible. CONCLUSION It is anticipated that narrowly defined childhood-onset schizophrenics will constitute a predominantly male population. A high rate of family illness or chromosomal and/or brain developmental abnormalities, which will be instructive regarding the pathophysiology of later-onset schizophrenia, is expected.