Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent occurrences of blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou, and Norway pout, Trisopterus esmarkii, in the English Channel and southern North Sea

Large numbers of Micromesistius poutassou were caught in the English Channel during the spring of 1979. Later in 1979 and in the early months of 1980 smaller numbers were recorded from the southern North Sea where this species has rarely been recorded before. The M. poutassou were accompanied by small numbers of T. esmarkii in the eastern English Channel but no T. esmarkii were found in the southern North Sea. T. esmarkii were taken off Plymouth on two occasions in 1977 and more regularly since 1979. M. poutassou has been recorded there sporadically since 1957. Both species were caught in considerable numbers around the Scillies in 1977 and 1978. The invasion of the English Channel by M. poutassou in 1979 may have come from the Bay of Biscay rather than the Celtic Sea, but the appearance of T. esmarkii in the Plymouth area since 1977 may be a result of changes in the ecosystem since 1964.
Two novel mutations of the human Δ7-sterol reductase (DHCR7) gene in children with Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome

Abstract We analyzed seven unrelated children with the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) for mutations in the Δ7-sterol reductase gene by using SSCP and direct sequencing. We identified two novel mutations (V330M and R363C) in the DHCR7 gene. Reported mutations found in this study were T93M (3/14 alleles), E448K (2/14), and W151X, G244R, P329L, and R446Q (each found in one allele). The so-called common IVS8-1 G→C was found in three alleles, confirming its relative rarity among Italian SLOS families. By using a scoring system, clinical severity did not seem to correlate with 7DHC levels and type of mutation. Expanding the spectrum of mutations in SLOS, our study does not support direct genotype-phenotype correlation.
Growth, feed utilization and endocrine responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets added poultry by‐product meal and blood meal in combination with poultry oil

The suitability of land animal by-products (ABPs) in feed for Atlantic salmon postsmolts (initial weight 372 g) in sea water was studied in a feeding experiment, using poultry by-product meal (PBM) and porcine blood meal (BM) as protein sources and poultry oil as fat source. Four extruded feeds were tested in a 2 * 2 factorial model, with or without ABP protein sources and with or without poultry oil. The control feed contained a mix of marine and plant ingredients. Initial feed intake was highest in the ABP protein-based diets, whereas poultry oil had a weak opposite effect. No differences were seen in growth rate or body weight. Addition of PBM and BM led to increased FCR, and lower retention of crude protein and energy. This could be explained by lower digestibility of amino acids and crude protein, and a slightly lower energy level in these diets. Reduced igf1 mRNA levels in liver and muscle were seen in fish fed dietary ABP protein and oil. Despite lower protein digestibility of ABP protein, this study confirms the suitability of ABP protein and lipid in combination with plant ingredients in feed for Atlantic salmon growers.
Attenuated influenza virus vaccines

Influenza Influenza viruses hold a unique position among infectious agents in continuing to cause repeating and frequent epidemics and pandemics: outbreaks of influenza occur suddenly; and the numbers infected can be as high as 70% of a population, with 35% having signs and symptoms. Typically, infection results in an abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, blocked or running nose, headache, photophobia, shivering, dry cough and malaise; in addition, myalgia, abdominal and neurological symptoms, and changes in the electroencephalogram or the electrocardiogram may occur. Although infection usually resolves in 7 days, patients commonly complain of feeling listless and unwell for weeks, and depression is a common residual complaint. Complications include tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and a predisposition to secondary bacterial pneumonia (conditions which are life-threatening in elderly people and those with underlying chronic medical disabilities); Reye’s Syndrome in children, presenting with encephalopathy and fatty liver degeneration, where fatality rates can be 50% in hospitalised cases; ketoacidosis in diabetic patients; acute viral encephalitis in children; and Guillain-Barrk, sudden infant death and toxic shock syndromes. ’ Deaths due directly or indirectly to influenza, although only a small fraction of those infected, number from 1000 to 25 000 per 50 million persons per year in developed countries. Thus, it should be evident why much attention is focused on the development of effective influenza vaccines.
Modified perichondral ossification and the evolution of paddle-like limbs in ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs

ABSTRACT Evolution of paddle-like limbs in ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs is correlated with loss of perichondral bone from the shafts of long bones. Among ichthyosaurs, loss of perichondral bone is first observed on the shafts of digit bones of Early Triassic taxa. Late Triassic ichthyosaurs show perichondral bone loss on the postaxial margins of the ulna and fibula. Among plesiosaurs, loss of perichondral bone is first observed on the postaxial margins of the ulna and fibula of Lower Jurassic taxa. In geologically later species of both groups, perichondral bone is progressively lost on all margins of the ulna and radius, and fibula and tibia. Late Triassic and Jurassic ichthyosaurs show an absence of perichondral ossifications on all limb bones distal to the humerus and femur. Delayed ossification of the mesopodium is not observed in ichthyosaurs. Evolutionary changes to the ossification of perichondral tissues appear to affect the sequence of limb ossification as long bones lose perichondral bone. Limb b.
Some like it hot: the protozooplankton–copepod link in a warming ocean

The combined effects of warming and overwintering copepod densities on the spring succession of Baltic Sea plankton were investigated using indoor mesocosms. Three zooplankton (1.5, 4 and 10 copepods L-1) and two temperature levels called ∆0°C and ∆6°C (0°C and 6°C above the present day temperature scenario for Kiel Bight) were chosen. Both, the timing and the duration of the protozooplankton (PZP) bloom were significantly affected by temperature, but not by copepod density. In contrast, the bloom intensity of PZP was highly affected by the factors temperature and copepod density and its interaction. This suggests that at elevated temperature conditions PZP grows faster but, at the same time, are subject to higher top-down control by copepods. At low temperatures and low copepod densities, PZP in turn fully escaped from copepod predation. Further changes in the overwintering copepod densities resulted in a strong ciliate suppression of which small-sized ciliates (<30 µm) were especially vulnerable to copepod predation while other PZP size classes remained unaffected. In conclusion, the results presented point at a pivotal regulating role of overwintering copepods under future warming condition. Further, warming was shown to cause a distinct match between phytoplankton and PZP thus strengthening trophic pathways through PZP. Our findings are discussed in the context of the ‘trophic link-sink’ debate by considering potential alterations in the flux of matter and energy up the food web.
Argumentação e referenciação no debate político televisivo: análise das expressões nominais

This paper confirms how nominal expressions, based on recategorization, act argumentatively in the television political debate. The theoretical framework counts on the contributions of Antunes (2005), Custódio Filho, (2011), Cajueiro (2013), Halliday and Hasan (1976), Koch (2004; 2011; 2014), Koch and Elias (2009; 2015; 2016), Marcuschi (2003), Moreira (2002) and Preti (2000). The study follows a qualitative scope by prioritizing the interpretation of the analyzed data, as well as the procedural character of the research. The corpus consists of clippings of the political debate transmitted by the Band network in the 2014 election period. The analyzes demonstrated the functionality of nominal expressions through the processes of anaphoric and cataphoric recategorization and metaphorical recategorization in the argumentation of the political debate, helping the debaters, in their speeches, to lead undecided voters to his speech, in order to motivate the choice of a certain candidate in the election.
Shifts of bacterial community structure and function in long-term soybean monoculture

ABSTRACT Crop monoculture affects soil microbial community structure and diversity, but it is unclear which differences occur in microbial functions after the alteration of the bacterial community during crop monoculture. We investigated the diversity, functional groups and metabolic functions of bacteria under soybean rotation (RS), 2-year (SS) and 27-year (CS) soybean monoculture systems using high-throughput sequencing and functional prediction based on FAPROTAX and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Original soil sample (OS) was taken as a reference point. Our results showed that CS had a lower abundance of the bacterial amoA gene than either RS or SS. Bacterial community differed more in OS than that in RS, SS and CS, and SS and CS had similar bacterial community and that they differed from RS. CS showed a lower relative abundance of predicted functional groups in terms of aerobic chemoheterotrophy, nitrate reduction and photoheterotrophy. KEGG annotation showed greater negative effects on the bacterial functional metabolism than positive effects in CS compared to RS. Redundancy analysis indicated that the predicted functional groups might be related to organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration, and that KEGG pathways were mainly affected by soil pH and available nitrogen. Abbreviations RS: soybean rotation; SS: two-year soybean monoculture; CS: long-term soybean monoculture; AOB: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; OTUs: operational taxonomic units; SOC: soil organic carbon; TN: total nitrogen; AN: available nitrogen; TP: total phosphorus; AP: available phosphorus; AK: available potassium; PCoA: Principal coordinate analysis; KEGG: the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; RDA: redundancy analysis.
FlowGuard: An Intelligent Edge Defense Mechanism Against IoT DDoS Attacks

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are getting more and more popular in recent years and IoT networks play an important role in the industry as well as people’s activities. On the one hand, they bring convenience to every aspect of our daily life; on the other hand, they are vulnerable to various attacks that in turn cancels out their benefits to a certain degree. In this article, we target the defense techniques against IoT Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks and propose an edge-centric IoT defense scheme termed FlowGuard for the detection, identification, classification, and mitigation of IoT DDoS attacks. We present a new DDoS attack detection algorithm based on traffic variations and design two machine learning models for DDoS identification and classification. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the two machine learning models, we generate a large data set by DDoS simulators BoNeSi and SlowHTTPTest, and combine it with the CICDDoS2019 data set, to test the identification and classification accuracy as well as the model efficiency. Our results indicate that the identification accuracy of the proposed long short-term memory is as high as 98.9%, which significantly outperforms the other four well-known learning models mentioned in the most related work. The classification accuracy of the proposed convolutional neural network is up to 99.9%. Besides, our models satisfactorily meet the delay requirements of IoT when deployed in edge servers with computational powers higher than a personal computer.
An empirical analysis of intention of use for bike-sharing system in China through machine learning techniques

ABSTRACT Sharing bicycles, as boosted by the advanced mobile technologies, is expected to mitigate the traffic congestion and air pollution issues in China. A survey study was conducted with 335 valid samples to identify the key factors that influence the customers' intention of use for bike-sharing system and quantify the corresponding importance. Five machine learning techniques for classification are applied and results are compared. The best performed technique is selected to prioritise and quantify the importance level of the influencing factors. The results indicate that the perceived ease of use is the most significant factor for the intention to use sharing bikes.
The Residual Variable in Decision Diagrams

: We propose a novel method for binary-based decision diagrams (DD) which uses a residual variable. A new type of DD – Residual Variable in decision diagram (RViDD) allows to work without the use of the lowest and the most numerous level of nodes but at the same time preserves all the fundamental characteristics of DD. Thanks to these properties, it allows the use of all existing algorithms for optimization with only slight or no modification. In this paper we present the required characteristics for providing compatibility between DD using different decompositions and RViDD as well as the exchange of residual variable without the necessity of constructing a new RViDD. Proposed method was experimentally validated on benchmark circuits with various types of experiments. We use exhaustive (all input variable combination) comparative between reduced and ordered DD and RViDD with the average improvement up to 17.55%. Since optimization of DD is a NP-complete problem, we also include the usage of evolutionary algorithm for RViDD in comparison to more effective algorithms.
Analysis of Readability Discourse Level and Authenticity of “Sahabatku Indonesia” for BIPA Level C1 Textbook by Indonesia’s Language Agency Based on the Fry Chart

One of the requirements for a good textbook is to have the adequate readability discourse level. BIPA Textbook published by Indonesia’s Language Agency needs to be investigated whether it has good readability level. Therefore, this study aims to measure the readability discourse level in the BIPA textbook which is considered to have one of discourse readability requirements. In addition, this study also examines the authenticity of the discourse of the book. The researchers asses the level of readability using the Fry chart and authenticity study for the analysis of each discourse. This research belongs to quantitative descriptive research. The data source of this research is the whole discourse contained in the Sahabatku Indonesia book published by Indonesia's Language Agency for level C1. The research results using the chart Fry found that five discourses are appropriate for the learning in level C1 BIPA with the category of “need instructional or guidance of the teacher”. Related to the level of discourse authenticity, the researchers found three discourse with high authenticity.
Enhancing the relevance of fungal taxonomy to plant pathology: phylogenetics, molecular diagnostics, and long-term memory

Fungal taxonomy is moving from subjective morphology-based concepts to phylogenetic DNA-based concepts. This enables development of rapid, broad-scale, and accurate molecular diagnostics but does not put taxonomists out of business. Present trends indicate that most fungal species are delimited too broadly. As the age of molecular diagnostics emerges, a renewed era of species discovery has also begun. The two must develop together if the molecular assays are to be sufficiently precise. The phytopathogenic and mycotoxin-producing genus Fusarium illustrates this point. Species considered synonyms by morphologists are often shown to be different by phylogenetic studies, meaning that old names must be reconsidered before new species are described. Commercially viable molecular diagnostics focus on species of present economic importance, but as new species are delimited and their ecological roles are elucidated, the interactions between all groups of microorganisms can be investigated, irrespective of taxonomic group or a priori perceptions of significance. Total ecosystem profiling, involving the detection, identification, and quantification of all organisms present in an ecosystem irrespective of their kingdom or phylum, is an important goal for enhancing the relevance of taxonomy to plant pathology.
Seasonal changes in leaf nutritional quality influence grass miner performance

1. The plant phenological age hypothesis predicts that phytophagous insects should prefer and perform better on phenologically young plants than on old plants because plant nutritional quality decreases with plant phenological age. This hypothesis was tested under field and laboratory conditions with the grass miner Chromatomyia milii on the free‐growth species Holcus lanatus.
Effect of the control of white-blush of fresh-cut carrot and its process optimization

In order to control the whiteness of fresh-cut carrots and optimize the fresh-keeping process of fresh-cut carrots, taking whiteness value, sensory quality evaluation and total carotene content as indicators, a single factor experiment was designed to compare the different concentrations of citric acid and ascorbic acid, and the effect of different packaging materials on fresh-cut carrots was analyzed by grey correlation degree; by using the optimal concentration of color-protecting agents, three packaging materials with good effects, and different cleaning agents as research factors, orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the fresh-keeping conditions of fresh-cut carrots. The results showed that 0.60% citric acid and 0.40% ascorbic acid can significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit the whitening of fresh-cut carrots. The best fresh-keeping process was that packaging with No. 15 packaging material, water as the cleaning agent, and 0.60% lemon Acid + 0.40% ascorbic acid for color protection.
Effect of pain related of sex and estrous cycle on blood plasma glucose, free fatty acids and corticosterone in rats

Sex differences related with pain have been studied and evidences suggesting influence of sex steroid hormones on the thresholds of pain. Experimental nociception has been test using formalin as a model of nociceptive stimulus. Association of stress, pain and metabolic and hormonal changes has not been explored. The aim of this study was to compare metabolic and hormonal changes between male rats and female rats in proestrus and estrus cycle after painful stimulus by formalin into the masseter muscle. Male and female Wistar rats (200-250 g b.w.) were submitted to an injection of formalin (F, 1.5%) or saline (S, 9.9%) into the masseter muscle and after 0 (N, control group without injection), 5, 15, 30 or 60 minutes they were decapitate and blood was collected to measure biochemical parameters. Plasma estradiol concentration (pg dL -1 ) was significantly higher in proestrus (106.3 ± 4.3, n = 45, p < 0.05) group compared to the estrous group (89.4 ± 3.5, n = 43). Blood plasma concentration of glucose (mg dL -1 ) was increased after 5 and 15 minutes of injection of formalin or saline in the animals, but in the estrus group the increase was bigger than in the others. Free fatty acids levels increased in the estrous group after 5, 15 and 30 minutes and also the corticosterone levels and these concentrations were significantly different (p < 0.05) from either male or female animals in proestrus state. The results obtained suggesting that estradiol is related to a sensibility to pain and the estrus stage is related to stress and the estrous cycle has a modulator effect on pain and nociceptive sensibility.
Breeding and Cultivation of Glucoamylase-Producing Yeast with Inactivation of MAT Locus

The breeding of a recombinant yeast having glucoamylase activity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae SR93, has already been reported by the authors, and further improvement of this yeast is attempted to significantly increase the conversion rate of starch into ethanol. It is generally known that the disruption of the MAT locus, which produces a repressor protein, enhances the expression of glucoamylase gene. A glucoamylase-producing yeast with the disrupted MAT locus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae SR96, is bred to convert starch into ethanol rapidly. Disruption of the MAT locus is performed by inserting the LEU2 gene into the MAT locus of S. cerevisiae SR93 and was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The induction effect of starch and the repression effect of glucose on the glucoamylase synthesis are examined experimentally. The glucoamylase activity per unit cell concentration increases about 1.6-fold due to the disruption of the MAT locus. The specific growth rate, the glucoamylase synthesis rate, and the ethanol production rate of S. cerevisiae SR96 are much higher than S. cerevisiae SR93, and the direct alcohol fermentation of starch using S. cerevisiae SR96 gave the highest ethanol production rate in the various incubation systems.
Cognitive Popularity Based AI Service Sharing for Software-Defined Information-Centric Networks

As an important architecture of next-generation network, Software-Defined Information-Centric Networking (SD-ICN) enables flexible and fast content sharing in beyond the fifth-generation (B5G). The clear advantages of SD-ICN in fast and efficient content distribution and flexible control make it a perfect platform for solving the rapid sharing and cognitive caching of AI services, including data samples sharing and pre-trained models transferring. With the explosive growth of decentralized artificial intelligence (AI) services, the training and sharing efficiency of edge AI is affected. Various applications usually request the same AI samples and training models, but the efficient and cognitive sharing of AI services remain unsolved. To address these issues, we propose a cognitive popularity-based AI service distribution architecture based on SD-ICN. First, an SD-ICN enabled edge training scheme is proposed to generate accurate AI service models over decentralized big data samples. Second, Pure Birth Process (PBP) and error correction-based AI service caching and distribution schemes are proposed, which provides user request-oriented cognitive popularity model for caching and distribution optimization. Simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed architecture, and the proposed cognitive SD-ICN scheme has 62.11% improved to the conventional methods.
Honesty in host-parasite communication signals: the case for begging by fledgling brown-headed cowbirds Molothrus ater

Nestling parasites typically beg more intensively than do host nestlings yet these exaggerated displays are also honest in that they are modulated by hunger and age. We hypothesized that honesty was also maintained in the food solicitation behaviors of fledgling brood parasites because the benefits and costs of their begging displays are similar to those of nestling parasites. Begging displays of hand-reared 14-32 days old brown-headed cowbirds Molothrus ater that had experimentally manipulated nutritional needs were recorded to analyze variation in the peak frequency, duration, and rate of fledglings' begging bouts. Peak frequency of bouts decreased with greater age and was lower for females. Bout rate was greater with increasing hunger levels of fledgling parasites but did not vary with age. Consistent and predictable variation of acoustic begging displays with age, sex, and hunger-level indicates honesty in host-parasite communication systems through conveying truthful information about the many possible needs of parasitic fledglings.