Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate Cash Holdings and the Cross-Sectional Variation in Asset Returns

The level of cash holdings varies significantly across firms. As a low-returning asset, previous literature has theorized that holding excess cash should harm firm value. We find that this appears to be true amongst large firms. However, amongst small firms, we find that market returns rise with cash ratios (cash/assets or cash/market cap). These higher returns are not due to any known risk factors. Additionally they are accompanied by superior operating performance - higher growth in assets and growth in cash flow. Evidence supports the theory that the outperformance results from the easing of financial constraints upon these firms. The results are most robust for small, growth-oriented firms, who have the most difficulty accessing capital markets and could benefit the most from holding cash.
Risk-return relationship from the Asia Pacific perspective

Despite the criticisms on the validity of the CAPM, finance researchers continue to adopt the model in trying to describe the relationship between risk and return. The introduction of the GARCH(p,q)-M model provides an avenue for testing the model within the time-varying variance framework. This study employs the same model to address the issue within ten selected Asia Pacific countries. The result, though not comprehensive, shows that the CAPM still holds in explaining the risk-return relationship in China and Malaysia. The significant positive risk parameter coefficient suggests a positive linear relationship which indicates that investors are compensated for assuming high risk. Judging by the significant finding in China and Malaysia, this study provides evidence that the conditional CAPM is a useful tool for decision making in investments and corporate finance.
Scalpel or Hatchet? Program Trade Regulation

This study addresses the effectiveness of program trade regulation by conducting an analysis of program trading restrictions during large market moves. To address this issue, we analyze the effect of sidecars (halts that only affect program trades) using intraday data from the Korean securities market. The Korean market and regulatory environment have several unique properties not available in US data that lend itself to such a study. We ﬁnd that sidecars, as currently designed, are not as effective at controlling the trade imbalance levels around large market movements as when program trade is allowed. Program trades, at least a subset, provide liquidity when it is at a premium. We conclude that program trade restrictions should be more carefully crafted as some program trades are market stabilizing.
0 Synthesizing Optimal Domain Models for Educational Applications

Many applications in educational technology, from student modeling to problem generation, are built on a formal model of the operational knowledge for a given domain. These domain models consist of rules that experts apply to solve problems in the domain; for example, factoring, ax + bx → (a + b)x , is one such rule for K-12 algebra. In practice, domain models are handcrafted at great expense, so applications rely on a single generic model. But many models can capture the operational knowledge for a domain, and they differ in how well they meet specific educational objectives (such as maximizing problem-solving efficiency for advanced users or minimizing cognitive load for novices). Rapid creation of custom domain models is thus a key challenge in the development of personalized educational tools that adapt to their user’s needs. This paper presents RuleSy, a new framework for computer-aided authoring of optimal domain models for educational applications. RuleSy takes as input a set of example problems (e.g., x + 1 = 2), a set of basic axiom rules for solving these problems (e.g., factoring), and a function expressing the desired educational objective. Given these inputs, it first synthesizes a set of tactic rules (e.g., combining like terms) that integrate multiple axioms into advanced problem-solving strategies. The axioms and tactics are then searched for a domain model that optimizes the objective. RuleSy is based on new algorithms for mining tactic specifications from examples and axioms, synthesizing tactic rules from these specifications, and selecting an optimal domain model from the axioms and tactics. We evaluate RuleSy on the domain of K-12 algebra, finding that it recovers textbook tactics and domain models, discovers new tactics and models, and outperforms a prior tool for this domain by orders of magnitude. But RuleSy generalizes beyond K-12 algebra: we also use it to (re)discover proof tactics for propositional logic, demonstrating its potential to aid in the development of custom models for a variety of educational domains.
Intelligent query for real estate search

INTELLIGENT QUERY FOR REAL ESTATE SEARCH by Mandeep Jandir The purpose of this project is to improve search query accuracy in a real estate website by developing an intelligent query system which provides the best matching result for standard search criteria. This intelligent query website utilizes fuzzy logic and partial membership to filter query results based on user input data. Fuzzy logic helps obtain results that are otherwise not attainable from a non-fuzzy search. A non-fuzzy search entails search results that match exactly with the given criteria. This project also allows a user to do a free keyword search. This type of search uses synonyms of the keywords to query for houses. The resulting information will be more credible and precise than the traditional website because it provides a reasonable result, of the specified search, to the user.
Hisse Senetleri Fiyatlarinin Belirlenmesinde Finansal Oranlarin Rolü

Bu calisma ile hisse senedi fiyatlarinin belirlenmesinde etkili olan finansal oranlar panel veri yontemiyle incelenmektedir. Bu amacla IMKB’de islem goren ve imalat sektorunde faaliyet gosteren 73 sirkete ait 1990-2009 yillari arasindaki veri seti kullanilmaktadir. Ampirik sonuclar kârlilik ve likidite oranlarinin hisse senedi getirileri uzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduklarini ortaya koymaktadir. Bununla birlikte borcluluk gostergesi olarak ele alinan kaldirac orani da benzer etkiye sahiptir. Ancak faaliyet oranlarinin hisse senedi getirisini etkilemedigi gorulmektedir. Sonuc olarak ise finansal oranlarin hisse senedi getirisini belirlemedeki rolunun dusuk oldugu soylenebilir
Specifying Deadlines with Continuous Time Using Deontic and Temporal Logic

This paper considers the notion of deadlines in the context of continuous (dense) time. It shows that obligations and actions are essential elements in the specification of deadlines. These notions can be relatively easily combined when a discrete temporal framework is used. Once a dense time is introduced, however, several problems appear. They cannot be solved with the same framework and definitions as are used for discrete time. In the new framework a branching dense temporal framework is the basis for specifying both actions and obligations. Finally, all the types of deadlines defined for the discrete temporal framework can also be defined for continuous time. The formalisms are important for enforcing commitments in electronic commerce.
Een multicriteria beslissingsmodel voor maatschappelijk georiënteerde beleggingen

De publiciteit rondom maatschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid van ondernemingen neemt de laatste jaren gestaag toe. Mede door het privatiseringsproces van het laatste decennium, de terugtrekkende rol van de overheid op het gebied van de sociale voorzieningen en de groeiende claimcultuur van de samenleving, worden ondernemingen vaker aangesproken in hun maatschappelijke rol. Tevens houden beleggers bij het samenstellen van beleggingsportefeuilles vaker rekening met de mate waarin de onderneming als maatschappelijk verantwoordelijk wordt beoordeeld. In deze studie is een model opgesteld dat beleggers in staat stelt op eenvoudige wijze kenmerken van maatschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid (naast financiele kenmerken) op te nemen in de beleggingsbeslissing. In deze studie zijn negen kenmerken onderscheiden die relevant worden geacht in de stakeholderbenadering van de onderneming.
[In vivo effect of recombined IL-15/Fc fusion protein on EAU].

OBJECTIVE To test the effect of recombined IL-15/Fc on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in mice. METHODS EAU were induced in C57 mice by transferring activated T cells specific to the interphotoreceptor-binding protein (IRBP) 1-20 peptide. The mice were then treated with recombine IL-15/Fc fusion protein or IgG as controls. The severity of EAU were graded on a scale of 0 to 4 with half-point increment based on the type, number, and size of the lesions detected by funduscopic and HE staining. The IRBP1-20 sensitive CD8+T cells were isolated from the IRBP1-20 immune mice with auto-MACS. The in vitro effect of IL-15/Fc fusion protein on the proliferation, differentiation, expansion and production of inflammatory cytokines of the purified IRBP1-20 sensitive CD8+T cells were analyzed with 3HTdR, FACS and ELISA. RESULTS IL-15/Fc fusion protein inhibited the activation, proliferation, expansion and production of inflammatory cytokines of the IRBP1-20 specific CD8+T cells, down regulated CD44(high)CD62L(low) effect and CD8+ CD62L(low) activated T cell subsets, and consequently decreased the severity of EAU. CONCLUSION IL-15/Fc fusion proteins decrease the severity of EAU through inhibiting the proliferation, expansion, differentiation and production of inflammatory cytokines of CD8+ T cells.
Impact of Conditioning on Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). The aim of this retrospective study is to report the effect of the conditioning regimen and donor source on disease-free survival (DFS) in children undergoing HSCT for WAS. Fourteen children who underwent HSCT at 4 Israeli centers from 1996 to 2011 were included in this study. Five children were transplanted from matched related donors (4/5 siblings, 1/5 fully matched uncle) and other donors were used in 9 children. Six patients were conditioned with full dose busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) whereas 8 patients were conditioned with other regimens. Thirteen of 14 patients (92.8%) are alive with a median follow-up of 3.4 years (range, 5 mo to 12.5 y). Nine patients (64.3%) survive with complete clinical, immunologic, and hematologic recovery. Children conditioned with full dose Bu/Cy had a 100% DFS, compared with children conditioned with other regimens, 25%±19% (P=0.022). Donor source was not associated with DFS. Graft failure was related to the use of conditioning regimens other than full dose Bu/Cy and not to the donor source. Further studies are required to determine the best conditioning regimen and optimal donor source for children with WAS.
Nilotinib Induces Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through AMPK Activation*

Background: Nilotinib, an approved drug for leukemia, has been investigated in HCC. Results: Nilotinib induced autophagy in HCC cell lines, including PLC5, Huh-7, and Hep3B. Conclusion: Nilotinib-induced AMPK activation and subsequent autophagy is a major mode of action of nilotinib in HCC. Significance: Elucidating the mechanisms by which nilotinib works on HCC is fundamental to develop the new treatment for HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and the third-leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Nilotinib is an orally available receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for chronic myelogenous leukemia. This study investigated the effect of nilotinib on HCC. Nilotinib did not induce cellular apoptosis. Instead, staining with acridine orange and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 revealed that nilotinib induced autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HCC cell lines, including PLC5, Huh-7, and Hep3B. Moreover, nilotinib up-regulated the phosphryaltion of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and protein phosphatase PP2A inactivation were detected after nilotinib treatment. Up-regulating PP2A activity suppressed nilotinib-induced AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy, suggesting that PP2A mediates the effect of nilotinib on AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy. Our data indicate that nilotinib-induced AMPK activation is mediated by PP2A, and AMPK activation and subsequent autophagy might be a major mechanism of action of nilotinib. Growth of PLC5 tumor xenografts in BALB/c nude mice was inhibited by daily oral treatment with nilotinib. Western blot analysis showed both increased phospho-AMPK expression and decreased PP2A activity in vivo. Together, our results reveal that nilotinib induces autophagy, but not apoptosis in HCC, and that the autophagy-inducing activity is associated with PP2A-regulated AMPK phosphorylation.
카이스트 전산학과 Building Small-Scale Testbed for DNP 3 Protocol in SCADA system

SCADA is a type of industrial control systems which monitor and control the industrial device. To adjust the smart-grid, a new method is needed which improves security to SCADA system. But a difficulty for small laboratory happens to research SCADA system in a large scale, because of building own testbed. In this paper, a testbed in a lab environment is suggested to attack and defence DNP3 protocol which has the largest market share in industrial control systems. We found that this testbed has low price, simulate like the real SCADA system over TCP/IP protocol and has ability to attack, defence and enhance the security.
Where and How: Low-Income Consumer Food Shopping Behavior

This paper investigates the food purchase behavior of low-income households across two dimensions: the types of stores they choose to shop at and the frequency of coupon usage for food purchases. Expenditure share analysis shows little difference between income groups in terms of expenditure shares across store types. The main difference occurs between metro and non-metro households. Since metro areas tend to have more grocery stores and fewer supercenters, while rural, non-metro areas tend to have more supercenters, the key result from this section is that non-metro households spend a greater share of their food budget at supercenter and warehouse club stores. We then segment consumers into coupon users and nonusers in order to better understand coupon usage behavior in the ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal market. The results indicate that white, middle-income households with a college education are more prone to redeem coupons. Households in the low-income group are less likely to use coupons, as are households in rural, non-metro areas. Surprisingly, household size is not a significant variable for coupon use in our data, although this is usually an important determinant in the coupon usage literature. Our result is plausible, however, since we use a number of demographic variables as explanatory in this analysis and these other measures may be the true determinants of coupon usage, but may be correlated with household size.
American Thoracic Society Documents An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline : Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction

Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) describes acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. EIB occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with asthma, but may also occur in individuals without known asthma. Methods:Toprovideclinicianswithpracticalguidance,amultidisciplinary panel of stakeholders was convened to review the pathogenesis of EIB and to develop evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of EIB. The evidence was appraised and recommendations were formulatedusing theGradingofRecommendations,Assessment,Development, and Evaluation approach. Results: Recommendations for the treatment of EIB were developed. Thequalityofevidencesupportingtherecommendationswasvariable, ranging from low to high. A strong recommendation was made for using a short-acting b2-agonist before exercise in all patients with EIB. For patients who continue to have symptoms of EIB despite the administration of a short-acting b2-agonist before exercise, strong recommendations were made for a daily inhaled corticosteroid, a daily leukotriene receptor antagonist, or a mast cell stabilizing agent before exercise. Conclusions: The recommendations in this Guideline reflect the currently available evidence. New clinical research data will necessitate a revision and update in the future.
Relationships between sex-related psychological characteristics during adolescence and catecholamine excretion during achievement stress.

The study is concerned with stress and coping patterns in 18-yr-old male and female students who participated in a longitudinal developmental study. Measures of the urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline obtained during a 6-hr matriculation examination (stress condition) and 2–3 hrs of routine school work (control condition) were related to relatively enduring psychological characteristics of the subjects assessed at the age of 18 and, for some of the variables, also at age 15. In the control condition, correlations between adrenaline excretion and psychological variables were low and sex differences slight. In the stress condition, the pattern of correlations between catecholamine excretion and psychological variables was much higher and markedly different for the two sexes. In males, adrenaline excretion was positively related to achievement-orientation and negatively related to anxiety. In females, adrenaline excretion was negatively related to self-esteem and sense of fulfilling social expectations. An interpretation emphasizing sex differences in strategies for coping with achievement demands is discussed.
Modelling of Pyrolysis in Wood: A Review

Pyrolysis is an important phenomenon in combustion of wood and the successful modelling of pyrolysis to predict the rate of volatile evolution is central to combustion calculations. This review outlines the various issues pertaining to the understanding and modelling of the complex process of pyrolysis. Both physical and chemical aspects of pyrolysis are discussed with a description of how various parameters like wood composition and structure, heating rate and residence time affect the overall reaction rate and the yield of volatiles. Then, the currently available models are discussed. The present review indicates that a variety of pyrolysis models of varying degrees of complexity are available in the literature. The authors identify that there is a need for greater experimental inputs in the modelling of pyrolysis and closer interaction between modelling and experimental efforts.
Modeling lidar returns from forest canopies

Remote sensing techniques that utilize light detection and ranging (lidar) provide unique data on canopy geometry and subcanopy topography. This type of information will lead to improved understanding of important structures and processes of Earth's vegetation cover. To understand the relation between canopy structure and the lidar return waveform, a three-dimensional (3D) model was developed and implemented. Detailed field measurements and forest growth model simulations of forest stands were used to parameterize this vegetation lidar waveform model. In the model, the crown shape of trees determines the vertical distribution of plant material and the corresponding lidar waveforms. Preliminary comparisons of averaged waveforms from an airborne lidar and model simulations shows that the shape of the measured waveform was more similar to simulations using an ellipsoid or hemi-ellipsoid shape. The observed slower decay of the airborne lidar waveforms than the simulated waveforms may indicate the existence of the understories and may also suggest that higher order scattering from the upper canopy may contribute to the lidar signals. The lidar waveforms from stands simulated from a forest growth model show the dependence of the waveform on stand structure.
Cloning and Expression of Murine SC1, a Gene Product Homologous to SPARC

A number of cDNAs (SC1, QR1, and hevin) have been shown to be similar to SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), a matricellular protein that regulates cell adhesion, cell cycle, and matrix assembly and remodeling. These proteins are 61–65% identical in the final 200 residues of their C-termini; their N-terminal sequences are related but more divergent. All have an overall acidic pl, with a follistatin-like region that is rich in cysteine, and a Ca+2 binding consensus sequence at the C-terminus. Using degenerate primers representing the most highly conserved region in SPARC, SC1, and QR1, we identified a 300-bp SC1 clone in a primary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screen of a mouse brain cDNA library. This cDNA was used to obtain a full-length clone, which hybridized to a 2.8-kb RNA abundant in brain. Mouse SC1 displays a similarity of 70% to mouse SPARC at the amino acid level. Northern blot and RNAse protection assays revealed a 2.8-kb mRNA expressed at moderate levels (relative to brain) in mouse heart, adrenal gland, epididymis, and lung, and at low levels in kidney, eye, liver, spleen, submandibular gland, and testis. In contrast to SPARC, in situ hybridization showed expression of SC1 mRNA in the tunica media and/or adventitia of medium and large vessels; transcripts were not detected in capillaries, venules, or large lymphatics. The distribution of transcripts for SC1 was also different from that of SPARC in several organs, including adrenal gland, lung, heart, liver, and spleen. Moreover, SC1 mRNA was not evident in endothelium cultured from rat heart, bovine fetal and adult aorta, mouse aorta, human omentum, and bovine retina. Cultured smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts also failed to express SC1 mRNA. The absence of SC1 transcript in cultured cells indicates that the SC1 gene is potentially sensitive to regulatory factors in serum or to a three-dimensional architecture conferred by the extracellular matrix that is lacking in vitro. In conclusion, the expression of SPARC and SC1 appears to be coincident in specific tissues (e.g., adrenal gland and brain), but these proteins exhibit distinct expression patterns in most organs of the mouse. Because SC1 and SPARC are structurally similar and exhibit counteradhesive effects on cultured cells, their overlapping and/or adjacent expression in most tissues predicts that one protein might compensate functionally, at least in part, for the other. The sequence reported here has been deposited in the GenBank data base (accession no. U77330).
Quantification of dynamic brain studies with the high resolution research tomograph

The high resolution research tomograph (HRRT) is the first PET scanner with depth of interaction (DOT) capability. Presently three different versions have been developed: one equipped with two 7.5 mm thick crystal layers (HRRT-DC), the second with only a single 7.5 mm crystal layer (HRRT-S) and the latest HRRT with two 10 mm thick crystal layers (HRRT-D). In this study the performance of the new HRRT-D was assessed and compared with the other two HRRTs. The characteristics were measured according to the NEMA NU2 standards. Similar scatter fractions between all three scanners were observed. NEC rates of the HRRT-D were about 8 and 3 times higher than those of HRRT-S and HRRT-DC, respectively. However, spatial resolution of the new HRRT-D is somewhat lower than that of HRRT-DC and HRRT-S. Use of thicker crystals in the new HRRT-D improved the sensitivity and NECR performance significantly at the cost of only a small deterioration of the spatial resolution compared with the other HRRT designs.
Structured Life Insurance Products: A Survey

This paper gives an overview on the literature dealing with the pricing, risk management and product design of structured life insurance products (SLIPs), i.e. life insurance claims with an inherent financial risk. The payo of SLIPs is linked to an underlying risky investment strategy which cannot fall below some guaranteed amount. Additionally, innovative riders, the insured can decide on, reveal a new signi ficance to the interaction between insurance company and policyholder.