Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Monte Carlo Dropout in Wide Neural Networks

Monte Carlo (MC) dropout is one of the state-of-the-art approaches for uncertainty estimation in neural networks (NNs). It has been interpreted as approximately performing Bayesian inference. Based on previous work on the approximation of Gaussian processes by wide and deep neural networks with random weights, we study the limiting distribution of wide untrained NNs under dropout more rigorously and prove that they as well converge to Gaussian processes for fixed sets of weights and biases. We sketch an argument that this property might also hold for infinitely wide feed-forward networks that are trained with (full-batch) gradient descent. The theory is contrasted by an empirical analysis in which we find correlations and non-Gaussian behaviour for the pre-activations of finite width NNs. We therefore investigate how (strongly) correlated pre-activations can induce non-Gaussian behavior in NNs with strongly correlated weights.
A Kernel-Based Approach to Non-Stationary Reinforcement Learning in Metric Spaces

In this work, we propose KeRNS: an algorithm for episodic reinforcement learning in non-stationary Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) whose state-action set is endowed with a metric. Using a non-parametric model of the MDP built with time-dependent kernels, we prove a regret bound that scales with the covering dimension of the state-action space and the total variation of the MDP with time, which quantifies its level of non-stationarity. Our method generalizes previous approaches based on sliding windows and exponential discounting used to handle changing environments. We further propose a practical implementation of KeRNS, we analyze its regret and validate it experimentally.
Extending Nearly Complete 1-Planar Drawings in Polynomial Time

The problem of extending partial geometric graph representations such as plane graphs has received considerable attention in recent years. In particular, given a graph $G$, a connected subgraph $H$ of $G$ and a drawing $\mathcal{H}$ of $H$, the extension problem asks whether $\mathcal{H}$ can be extended into a drawing of $G$ while maintaining some desired property of the drawing (e.g., planarity). In their breakthrough result, Angelini et al. [ACM TALG 2015] showed that the extension problem is polynomial-time solvable when the aim is to preserve planarity. Very recently we considered this problem for partial 1-planar drawings [ICALP 2020], which are drawings in the plane that allow each edge to have at most one crossing. The most important question identified and left open in that work is whether the problem can be solved in polynomial time when $H$ can be obtained from $G$ by deleting a bounded number of vertices and edges. In this work, we answer this question positively by providing a constructive polynomial-time decision algorithm.
ATPase Changes in Rice Anthers

This study investigated ATPase distribution using a lead precipitation technique during rice anther development. The ATPase reaction precipitates were localized in the nuclei of microspore mother cells (MMC), and a few precipitates were detected in the cytoplasm. Low amounts of precipitate were also located in the anther wall, with the exception of tapetal cell nuclei. Following meiosis in the MMC, the precipitates in epidermal cells, endothelium and middle layer cells increased noticeably on the plasma membrane and in the nearby cytoplasm. Numerous precipitates were observed in the pollen wall during pollen development. The pollen wall exine was constructed during microspore development, and the exine precipitates were derived from tapetal cells. The intine was constructed during the bicellular pollen stage, and the intine precipitates originated from the pollen vegetative cell. The vegetative cell contained more precipitates than the generative cell. The amount of precipitate between the two pollen grain sperm cells also differed. The physiological functions of ATPase located in different cells and cellular components during rice anther development were analyzed.
Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): A close low-mass companion to ET Cha

Context. To understand the formation of planetary systems, it is important to understand the initial conditions of planet formation, that is, the young gas-rich planet forming disks. Spatially resolved, high-contrast observations are of particular interest since substructures in disks that are linked to planet formation can be detected. In addition, we have the opportunity to reveal close companions or even planets in formation that are embedded in the disk. Aims. In this study, we present the first results of the Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS), an ESO/SPHERE large program that is aimed at studying disk evolution in scattered light, mainly focusing on a sample of low-mass stars (< 1 M⊙) in nearby (∼200 pc) star-forming regions. In this particular study, we present observations of the ET Cha (RECX 15) system, a nearby “old” classical T Tauri star (5−8 Myr, ∼100 pc), which is still strongly accreting. Methods. We used SPHERE/IRDIS in the H-band polarimetric imaging mode to obtain high spatial resolution and high-contrast images of the ET Cha system to search for scattered light from the circumstellar disk as well as thermal emission from close companions. We additionally employed VLT/NACO total intensity archival data of the system taken in 2003. Results. Here, we report the discovery, using SPHERE/IRDIS, of a low-mass (sub)stellar companion to the η Cha cluster member ET Cha. We estimate the mass of this new companion based on photometry. Depending on the system age, it is either a 5 Myr, 50 MJup brown dwarf or an 8 Myr, 0.10 M⊙ M-type, pre-main-sequence star. We explore possible orbital solutions and discuss the recent dynamic history of the system. Conclusions. Independent of the precise companion mass, we find that the presence of the companion likely explains the small size of the disk around ET Cha. The small separation of the binary pair indicates that the disk around the primary component is likely clearing from the outside in, which explains the high accretion rate of the system.
Extension Preservation in the Finite and Prefix Classes of First Order Logic

It is well known that the classic Łoś-Tarski preservation theorem fails in the finite: there are first-order definable classes of finite structures closed under extensions which are not definable (in the finite) in the existential fragment of first-order logic. We strengthen this by constructing for every $n$, first-order definable classes of finite structures closed under extensions which are not definable with $n$ quantifier alternations. The classes we construct are definable in the extension of Datalog with negation and indeed in the existential fragment of transitive-closure logic. This answers negatively an open question posed by Rosen and Weinstein.
A SYNTHESISING APPROACH ON EUROPEANISATION

The current study offers a comprehensive approach for the better theoretical and empirical understanding of the notion of Europeanisation. For this purpose, it establishes a working definition which is the initial step of conceptualisation. The study interprets the research of Europeanisation from an institutional approach, building on the work of Douglass C. North and other authors who heavily relied on his findings. Thus the paper attempts to provide an overview of the concept, functions and types of institutions as well as the theories of the interactions between the different categories. The study identifies the research problem and basic question from the point of view of institutional change, drawing a parallel between these processes and the phenomenon of Europeanisation. The second part of the paper presents a model which contributes to the epistemological understanding of Europeanisation, and through that to the ontological concretisation of the concept.
Metaballs & Marching Cubes Blobby Objects and Isosurfaces

Metaballs, also known as blobby objects, are a type of implicit modeling technique. We can think of a metaball as a particle (i.e., a point-mass) surrounded by a density ﬁeld, where the particle density attribute decreases with distance from the particle position. A surface is implied by taking an isosurface through this density ﬁeld - the higher the isosurface value, the nearer it will be to the particle. The powerful aspect of metaballs is the way they can be combined. We combine the spherical ﬁelds of the metaballs by summing the inﬂuences on a given point to create smooth surfaces. Once the ﬁeld is generated, any scalar ﬁeld visualization technique can be used to render it (e.g., Marching Cubes). Marching Cubes is an algorithm for rendering isosurfaces in volumetric data. The basic notion is that we can deﬁne a voxel(cube) by the pixel values at the eight corners of the cube (in 3D). If one or more pixels of the cube have values less than the user-speciﬁed isovalue, and one or more have values are greater than this value, we know the voxel must contribute some component to the isosurface. Then we determine which edges of the cube intersects the isosurface and create triangular patches which divides up the cube into regions to represent the isosurface. Then connecting the patches from all cubes on the isosurface boundary allows us to create a surface representation.
Impact of Social Media Usage on Married Couple Behavior a Pilot Study in Middle East

As social animals, we are in need to communicate, collaborate and express our feelings and thoughts. But today our way of communication has changed; internet and social media occupied the imperious part of our lives. Now, community depend upon social media more than face to face communication to express themselves. But the use and role of social media vary from person to person. Growing evidence has shown that the social media has become the top addiction of present day time, which is affecting people’s life not only as individual but also as a community. Social media addiction also proved to be the cause of negative impact on the relationship especially among couples. As of fact, role of social media on the lives of couples is vacillating. In one prospect, social media is the source of getting support, while at the other end it is the cause of conflicts and some negative feelings among couples. This paper specifically aims at studying the impact of social media on the lives of couples in Middle East. For this purpose, a survey study was conducted, where almost 287 respondents participated. Results indicates that social media is the major cause of negative impact on the lives of couples.
High Penetration of Power Electronic Interfaced Power Sources and the Potential Contribution of Grid Forming Converters

The traditional electrical power system and electricity markets have been designed to work with SGs, and so these have traditionally provided various 'inherent' capabilities to the system critical to ensure the stable operation of the power systems during severe faults and even basic system survival during rare system splits. Due to the potential total absence of SGs approaches during periods of high penetration (HP) of PEIPS infeed, the wider industry has engaged in a closer examination of the lack of these system capabilities [4], [17], [31], [32]. Traditionally, the focus in the context of PEIPS has been on steady state and a limited number of dynamic (faster) aspects recently expanded to include PEIPS contributing fast fault current during system faults and extended contribution to frequency management (although this latter capability has been required from RES for more than 10 years in some countries). Demand side contributions in these contexts are emerging and have significant potential.
CIVIC ENGAGEMENT OF IMMIGRANTS AND THE BENEFICIAL POTENTIAL OF RELIGION

Since the publishing of Robert Putnam’s „Bowling Alone“, the relation between religious engagement and the production of social capital is on the agenda of scholars of religious studies and sociology. He argued that religiously engaged people are essential for democracy as they fulfill the need for civil participation by generating social capital to a greater extent than non-religious people. This approach will be combined with the “Civic Voluntarism Model” by Verba, Brady and Schlozman to outline the potential of religious groups to enable their members to be civic participants. These theoretical concepts are applied to the context of integration of Muslim immigrants. Here, the paper focuses on the situation of second generation Muslim immigrants in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. These countries have in common, that a large part of the Muslim immigration was caused by the call for immigrant workers and therefore, similar patterns can be observed. All over central and western Europe, Muslim immigration is a highly controversial topic in political debates. By taking a look at historical aspects, the actual situation and possible needs of a religious minority suffering from discrimination and politicisation, potentials for improvement can be shown.
DECENTRALIZED LEARNING IN GENERAL-SUM MATRIX GAMES: AN L R − I LAGGING ANCHOR ALGORITHM

This paper presents an L R − I lagging anchor algorithm that combines a lagging anchor method with an L R − I learning algorithm. We prove that this decentralized learning algorithm converges in strategies to Nash equilibria in two-player two-action general-sum matrix games. A practical L R − I lagging anchor algorithm is introduced for players to learn their Nash equilibrium strategies in general-sum stochastic games. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed L R − I lagging anchor algorithm in both matrix games and stochastic games
Timed Abstract Dialectical Frameworks: A Simple Translation-Based Approach

Abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) are one of the most powerful generalization of classical Dung-style AFs. In this paper we show how to use ADFs if we want to deal with acceptance conditions changing over time. We therefore introduce so-called timed abstract di-alectical frameworks (tADFs) which are essentially ADFs equipped with time states. Beside a precise formal de(cid:28)nition of tADFs and an illustrating example we prove that Kleene’s three-valued logic K 3 facilitate the evaluation of acceptance functions if we do not allow multiple occurrences of atoms.
Solitary Tract of the Rat'' Variability and Temporal Coding in the Nucleus of the Focus on ''Taste Response Making Time With Taste.

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September , 2004; 29 (7): 573-581. Chem. Senses C.Y. Chan, J.E. Yoo and S.P. Travers Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Diverse Bitter Stimuli Elicit Highly Similar Patterns of Fos-like Immunoreactivity in the [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 12, 2006; 26 (15): 4126-4138. J. Neurosci. A. Simon Jennifer R. Stapleton, Michael L. Lavine, Robert L. Wolpert, Miguel A. L. Nicolelis and Sidney Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
Antimicrobial activity and mineral composition of shiitake mushrooms cultivated on agricultural waste

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity and mineral composition of shiitake mushrooms were evaluated in four isolates of Lentinula edodes. Mushrooms were cultivated on artificial logs, based on eucalyptus sawdust enriched with 20% rice, wheat, or soybean bran, or combination of 10% of two of these supplements. The substrates were humidified with a 0.1% mate tea extract or water. Logs of Eucalyptus grandis were also used to cultivate the shiitake mushrooms. The antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract, corresponding to 40 mg of mushroom dry matter, was in some cases, depending on the isolate, able to inhibit both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli K-12, independent of substrate composition or the growth stage of the mushrooms. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium concentrations varied according to the substrate on which the mushrooms were cultivated, being, generally, higher with cultivation on artificial rather than natural eucalyptus logs. It could be concluded that, in addition to the fungal isolate, substrate composition and, processing methods must be considered during the production of antimicrobial substance(s) as well as in the mushroom nutritional composition Key words : Antibacterial property, Lentinula edodes , mineral nutrients, sawdust-based substrate, mushrooms
Low Complexity Adaptive DOA Algorithm

Beam forming is a technique that equips the system with a strengthened response in a specific direction while evading noise, interference and jamming from other directions. Ahead of beamforming the directions of users and interference must be procured using a direction of arrival estimation algorithm (DOA). The DOA algorithm for estimation measures the angle of arrival of all the impinging signals from the receiving signals through each antenna element of the array. This paper includes simulation of MUSIC and ESPRIT DOA algorithms, in addition to simulation of Adaptive Beamforming using LMS algorithm using Matlab platform as simulator.
ADAPTIVE INTELLIGENT MPPT CONTROLLER COMPARISON OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT WEATHER CONDITIONS of GHARDAIA SITE (SOUTH OF ALGERIA)

Abstract— this paper presents modeling and simulation of the photovoltaic system under MATLAB/Simulink. Firstly we started with the estimation of solar radiation using the model of Liu & Jordan, and then from hourly meteorological parameters of two data (sunlight and ambient temperature), we estimated the maximum hourly power produced by PV generator and buck-boost output converter using adaptive artificial intelligence techniques (fuzzy and Neuro-fuzzy MPPT controller) in the region of Ghardaia (South of Algeria). This approach is used to study the influence of rapidly changing irradiance level concerning performance of photovoltaic systems. From the simulation results, the Neuro-fuzzy MPPT controller approach can deliver more power and provides a response time response from the tracking system from the point of maximum power and pics lower than the fuzzy logic control.
Trade-off Between Light- and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Canopy Photosynthesis

If the light-use efficiency (LUE) of species in a canopy is constant, canopy photosynthesis (CP) is proportional to the number of photons (Φ) absorbed by the canopy (CP=LUE×Φ). Likewise, if nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is constant, canopy photosynthesis is proportional to the amount of total leaf nitrogen (LN) (CP=NUE×LN). We applied these concepts to monospecific and mixed (1:1) stands of annuals (Abutilon theophrastiandAmbrosia artemisiifolia) at two stages, established in an ambient (360 μl l-1) or elevated (700 μl l-1) CO2atmosphere. In both>CO2concentrations, across the two species, daily canopy photosynthesis gave strong linear regressions with zero intercepts both against the number of absorbed photons and against total leaf nitrogen in the canopy. Doubling CO2increased LUE by 20–80% and NUE by 20–100%. LUE tended to be higher inAmbrosiathan inAbutilon,and also higher in the later stage of canopy development than in the younger stage. Interference byAbutilonincreased the LUE ofAmbrosia.On the other hand, NUE tended to be higher inAbutilonthan inAmbrosia, and to be higher in younger than in later stages. Interference byAbutilondecreased the NUE ofAmbrosia.Thus, there are trade-offs (negative correlations) between LUE and NUE, which result from differences in leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area and from differences in leaf area development in the canopy. LUE increased with increasing leaf nitrogen concentration, while NUE increased with increasing light availability in the canopy.
Carbon partitioning between apple fruits: short- and long-term response to availability of photosynthate

Source-sink interactions play an important role in determining both crop yield and the distribution of individual fruit sizes. While there exists a qualitative description of these interactions, there is little or no causal understanding of the interactions. Short-term changes in partitioning of recently fixed photosynthate between alternative apple fruitlets were followed using in vivo measurement of photosynthate movement. The data indicate that apple fruitlets import photosynthate at a rate matching their utilization capacity, so that increases in availability of photosynthate cause only a small immediate increase in import. Over several hours, further and much larger increases occur, suggesting that an increase in enzymatic activity is induced by the increased availability. Short-term reduction in photosynthate supply to a fruitlet resulted in an incapacity of the fruitlet to return to its initial import rate, indicative of the reduction in the activity of enzymes.
Acquiring Measurement Matrices via Deep Basis Pursuit for Sparse Channel Estimation in mmWave Massive MIMO Systems

For millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the downlink channel state information (CSI) acquisition causes large overhead in a frequency-division duplex system. The overhead of CSI acquisition can be substantially reduced when compressed sensing techniques are employed for channel estimations, owing to the sparsity feature in angular domain. Successful compressed sensing implementations depend on the choice of measurement matrices. Existing compressed sensing approaches widely adopt random matrices as measurement matrices. However, random measurement matrices have been criticized for their suboptimal reconstruction performances. In this paper, a novel data-driven approach is proposed to acquire the measurement matrix to address the shortcomings of random measurement matrices. Given a dataset, a generic framework of deep basis pursuit autoencoder is proposed to optimize the measurement matrix for minimizing reconstruction errors. Under this framework, two specific autoencoder models are constructed using deep unfolding, which is a model-based deep learning technique to acquire data-driven measurement matrices. Compared with random matrices, the acquired data-driven measurement matrices can achieve more accurate reconstructions using fewer measurements, and thus such a design can lead to a higher achievable rate for CSI acquisition in mmWave massive MIMO systems.
TangToys: Smart Toys that can Communicate and Improve Children's Wellbeing

Children can find it challenging to communicate their emotions especially when experiencing mental health challenges. Technological solutions may help children communicate digitally and receive support from one another as advances in networking and sensors enable the real-time transmission of physical interactions. In this work, we pursue the design of multiple tangible user interfaces designed for children containing multiple sensors and feedback actuators. Bluetooth is used to provide communication between Tangible Toys (TangToys) enabling peer to peer support groups to be developed and allowing feedback to be issued whenever other children are nearby. TangToys can provide a non-intrusive means for children to communicate their wellbeing through play.
A novel crude glycerol assisted surfactant pretreatment strategy of chili post-harvest residue for bioethanol production

A novel crude glycerol assisted surfactant pretreatment was evaluated for bioethanol production from chili post-harvest residue. Among the various surfactants screened crude glycerol assisted polyethylene glycol (PEG) pretreatment was found to be more effective. Various process parameters affecting pretreatment were optimized. The optimum conditions of pretreatment were crude glycerol concentration of 0.55% w/w, PEG concentration of 4.5% w/w, biomass loading of 25% w/w and incubation time of 60 min. Under optimized conditions 0.459 g of reducing sugar per g of dry biomass (g/g) was observed. The hydrolyzate is devoid of major fermentation inhibitors like furfurals, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and organic acids like citric acid, succinic acid and propionic acid. Fermentation of the non-detoxified hydrolyzate yielded 8.60 g of bioethanol per 100 g of dry biomass with a fermentation efficiency of 36.68%.