Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Ultraviolet Upper Room Air Disinfection Devices

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is one method currently used to reduce transmission of airborne infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. UVGI is defined as optical radiation in the shortwave UV-C spectrum capable of killing microorganisms and has been demonstrated to be effective against certain airborne bacteria. Because prolonged direct exposure to low intensity UVGI can cause skin and eye irritation, fixtures appropriate for upper room air disinfection are installed above eye level and designed to limit the vertical emission spread to prevent excessive exposure to occupants. Accurate UVGI fixture emission profiles, in combination with appropriate room ventilation measurements, are needed to calculate the dose to airborne microorganisms and estimate the effectiveness of these air disinfection devices in preventing disease transmission in susceptible populations. Manufacturers of fixtures usually provide nominal wattage and horizontal centerplane intensity levels, but to quantify the dose to e.
Double isotope fractionation: test for concertedness and for transition-state dominance

The racemization of D-(2-/sup 2/H)- and L-(2-/sup 2/H) proline by the enzyme proline racemase in mixed H/sub 2/O-D/sub 2/O has been used in a double isotopic fractionation experiment in order to define the timing of the bond-making and bond-breaking steps of this reaction. The method is general provided that substitution at one site (/sup 2/H for /sup 1/H) can be specified while isotopic fractionation at the other site (bond) (e.g., /sup 1/H vs /sup 2/H, etc.) is measured and provides a test of concertedness as well as a definition of whether the isotopically sensitive transition states are rate determining. The proline racemization was found to be either concerted or to involve enzyme catalytic groups (thiols), having fractionation factors near 0.5.
Chemical Changes of Evaporated a-C Films upon UV Ashing, Hydration, and Drying

Evaporated amorphous carbon (a-C) films, used as a support in electron microscopy, are studied by FTIR spectroscopy. During preparation of biological specimens, such films are subject to UV ashing (UVA), hydration, and drying. The chemistry of evaporated a-C films is investigated, based on removing a very thin carbon layer by UVA, and measuring its absorbance spectrum. A simple model is proposed for analyzing such spectra. The peaks which are a result of UVA, of as-prepared a-C films, as well as of hydration and drying of such films are identified, and their behavior is discussed. The chemical reactions, arising during UVA, hydration, and drying of our evaporated a-C films, are determined. It is clarified, that these processes introduce chemical changes exclusively on the surface of our film, and not in its volume.
A computational H5N1 neuraminidase model and its binding to commercial drugs

In order to understand the mechanisms of ligand binding and interaction between two commercial drugs (ligands), zanamivir and oseltamivir and H5N1 Influenza Virus Neuraminidase subtype N1, a three-dimensional model of N1-ligand (GenBank accession no. AAS654617) was initially generated by homology modeling using the 13 high-resolution X-ray structures of neuraminidase N2 and N9 as the template. With the aid of the molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the final implicit solvent refined model was obtained. It was, then, assessed by PROCHECK, PROSA and VERIFY3D. With this model, a flexible docking study was performed. The results show strong hydrogen bond interactions between the glycerol side chains of zanamivir and Arg29 of the N1. Common hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups and Arg279 were found for both drugs. It was also found that the Glu30, Asp62, Arg63, Arg204, Trp310, Tyr313, Glu336, Ile338, Trp348, Ala349 were observed to facilitate the enzyme-ligand non-bonding interactions as they are located within the radius of 5 Å from all atoms of both drugs. Charge distribution was evaluated using the semi-empirical AM1 method. The results show that the total net charges of the –NH side chain of zanamivir is less negative than that of oseltamivir. This is in contrast to what is observed for the amide and alkyl (ether/glycerol) side chains. In comparison of the binding free energies between the X-ray N2-ligand and N9-ligand complexes, N1-ligand binding is found to be less potent than N2 and N9 subtypes, while N2-ligand and N9-ligand are roughly comparable. In addition, it is interesting to observe that the binding free energies for all three subtypes of the zanamivir complexes are lower than those of oseltamivir.
SiO2/Ti/SiO2 Three-layer Films Used as Solar Selective Absorber Layer in Heat Energy Collector

The solar selective absorber layer is the key part in the heat energy collector. In this study, optical properties of SiO2/Ti/SiO2 multilayer films with the different thickness individually are studied to meet the better optical requirement of a solar selective absorber layer. The variation of the optical reflctance due to the different thickness of individual layer is calculated. Based on the simulation results, a optimized thickness of multilayer, SiO2/Ti/SiO2/Si with the layer thickness of 90/7/110 nm, is obtained, the layer is then fabricated by sputtering deposition and its reflectance is measured for comparison with the result of calculation. The SiO2/Ti/SiO2 multilayer film could be used as a solar selective absorber layer, which is non-Cr-based film and with the good photothermal conversion efficiency of more than 95%. SiO2/Ti/SiO2 multilayer film with the layer thickness of 90/7/110 nm could be a new candidate material for the solar selective absorber layer.
On the application of the variational principle to a type of nonlinear ’’Schrödinger equation’’

’’Schrodinger equations’’ in which the potential of the ’’Hamiltonian’’ H (φ) =H0+V (φ) depends on the first order density σσ− have received some attention in recent literature. The direct variation of the functional <φ‖H (φ) ‖φ≳/<φ‖φ≳ does not lead to the eigenequation H (φ) φ=eφ. A variational functional J (φ) is proposed which has the form J (φ) =H (φ) −(q/q+1) V(q)(φ), q being the degree in φφ*. The functional j (φ) leads to solutions of the eigenequation H (φ) φ=eφ and, provided the potential Vq(φ) fulfil <φ‖V(q)(φ) ‖φ≳? (q+1) < (q+1) <φ‖V‖φ≳, its expectation value is bounded by the lowest exact eigenvalue E0, i.e., <σ‖J (φ) ‖φ≳? E0.
Voltammetric Determination of Uric Acid at a Fullerene‐C60‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Glassy carbon electrode modified by microcrystals of fullerene-C60 mediates the voltammetric determination of uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). Interference of AA was overcome owing to the ability of pretreated fullerene-C60-modified glassy carbon electrode. Based on its strong catalytic function towards the oxidation of UA and AA, the overlapping voltammetric response of uric acid and ascorbic acid is resolved into two well-defined voltammetric peaks with lowered oxidation potential and enhanced oxidation currents under conditions of both linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry (OSWV). At pH 7.2, a linear calibration graph is obtained for UA in linear sweep voltammetry over the range from 0.5 μM to 700 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9904 and a sensitivity of 0.0215 μA μM−1 . The detection limit (3σ) is 0.2 μM for standard solution. AA in less than four fold excess does not interfere. The sensitivity and detection limit in OSWV were found as 0.0255 μA μM−1 and 0.12 μM, for standard solution respectively. The presence of physiologically common interferents (i.e. adenine, hypoxanthine and xanthine) negligibly affects the response of UA. The fullerene-C60-modified electrode exhibited a stable, selective and sensitive response to uric acid in the presence of interferents.
Equity Return Forecasting Using Risk-Neutral Option-Implied Moments

Using OptionMetrics implied volatility surfaces for a sample of S&P 100 constituent stocks as of April 29, 2016, with historical data spanning from January 1996 to April 2016, this research provides additional empirical data regarding the informational content of option implied risk-neutral distributions. Two different methodologies are used to compute option-implied moments for the years 1996-2016: the first is based on Breeden-Litzenberger (1978) and the other on Bakshi, Kapadia and Madan (2003).
Simultaneous Removal of Fluoride and Arsenic from Aqueous Solution using Activated Red Mud

Red mud, a waste tailing from alumina production, was activated with calcination and acid treatment for simultaneous removal of F− and As from water solution. After activation, the specific area and Si-O-M and Al-O-H functional groups of the activated red mud (ARM) greatly increased. Results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time for F−, As(V), and As(III) was 18, 12, and 48 h, respectively. Kinetic data revealed that adsorption kinetics well followed the pseudo-second order model for F−, As(V), and As(III). The presence of As(V)/As(III) improved the adsorption rate of F−. With the co-existence of F− and As, F− adsorption was independent of initial solution pH between 4.0 and 10.0, and As adsorption between 2.0 and 10.0. Adsorption of F−, As(V), and As(III) was better described by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model, indicating that adsorption was in the form of a monolayer. Fluoride had a significant effect on As(V) adsorption, while the less affected As(III) adsorption. The presence of 1.0 mg/L As(III)/As(V) had no significant influence on F− adsorption. ARM had high adsorption capacity for F−, As(V), and As(III), which resulted from the increases in the specific area and Si-O-M and Al-O-H functional groups. Results demonstrated that ARM is a potential adsorbent for simultaneous removal of F− and As from contaminated groundwater.
Justificación de la necesidad de una formación en competencias personales en la universidad. Diseño de un programa de formación

El presente estudio, pretende proponer un programa especifico para la formacion en competencias personales dentro de los planes de estudios universitarios, que de respuesta al reto planteado por el Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior (EEES) sobre la necesidad de formar a los universitarios en competencias transversales; necesidad y justificacion que quedan reflejadas a traves del proyecto Tuning. Nosotros planteamos la necesidad de formar en competencias personales en los universitarios para su desarrollo personal. En este contexto planteamos: ? La formacion en competencias personales es relevante para su formacion? Como desarrollarlas? Como medir su impacto? Para ello, trabajaremos sobre una asignatura de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV) llamada: Habilidades y Competencias de la Persona. Esta se desarrolla en dos ambitos: - Uno personal y privado: la mentoria, donde el alumno es acompanado por su mentor a lo largo de seis sesiones con el objetivo trabajar: proactividad, fortalezas, debilidades, personalidad, vocacion, don y mision. - Otro en comunidad y publico, el aula, donde el alumno es acompanado por su profesor y resto de companeros para trabajar en comunidad: comunicacion, trabajo en equipo, entre otras. Es decir, primero se vive, se experimenta y luego se concluyen los aprendizajes, finalizando con una propuesta de cambio o mejora. Investigaremos el impacto de esta asignatura en el desarrollo de dichas competencias en los alumnos tras haber cursado esta asignatura. Para ello, hemos elaborado un cuestionario cuantitativo y cualitativo que pasaremos al inicio y final del curso tanto en la UFV como en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). De este modo, observaremos si hay una diferencia significativa entre la UFV y la UCM, en el desarrollo de dichas competencias. Tambien analizaremos si hay diferencias en la adquisicion de dichas competencias, entre diversas carreras de la UFV.
Some tetrahydroborate derivatives of aluminium: crystal structures ofdimethylaluminium tetrahydroborate and the α and β phases ofaluminium tris(tetrahydroborate) at low temperature

The structures of several aluminium tetrahydroborates have been investigated, primarily by X-ray diffraction of single crystals at low temperatures. The structure of dimethylaluminium tetrahydroborate has been shown to consist of helical polymeric chains in which Me 2 Al and BH 4 units alternate. The BH 4 groups exhibit bidentate ligation with respect to each of the adjacent metal atoms in a manner reminiscent of [MeZnBH 4 ] and Be(BH 4 ) 2 . Solid aluminium tris(tetrahydroborate) exists in two phases with a transition temperature in the range 180–195 K. Each phase is made up of discrete Al(BH 4 ) 3 units in which the angle between AlB 2 and Al(µ-H) 2 B planes is close to 90° and which conform within the limits of experimental error to D 3h symmetry; in the α phase these molecular units are disposed around a 2 1 crystallographic screw axis.
Magnetic properties of high purity scandium and the effect of impurities on these properties

The magnetic susceptibility of single and polycrystalline Sc has been measured from approximately 1.5 to 300°K. The metal used is believed to be more thoroughly characterized and of significantly higher purity than that used in previous studies. Sc was found to exhibit excellent Curie‐Weiss behavior above 70°K. A previously unreported maximum was found at 30°K. The effect of nonmagnetic impurities, including O, H, Fe, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Th, on the susceptibility of Sc was found to be quite pronounced. The behavior of dilute Gd and Er impurities in the Sc matrix was also investigated.
Physicochemical Studies on Interaction Behavior of Potato Starch Filled Low Density Polyethylene Grafted Maleic Anhydride and Low Density Polyethylene Biodegradable Composite Sheets

Study presents compatibility behavior of polar group potato starch and non-polar LDPE using 50%, 0.5% maleated LDPE. The aim was to improve intermolecular interaction between two different types of moieties (LDPE and Potato Starch). Samples were prepared by mixing potato starch (upto 30% by weight) with LDPE and LDPE-grafted maleic anhydride in a single step twin screw extruder having vent zone. XRD and DSC results suggested that maleic-anhydride group of LDPE helped the interaction with starch and brought two chemical moieties closer to each other. FTIR results also strongly supported new bond formation between two chemical moieties.
α-Tocopherol in the developing rat retina: A high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis

High pressure liquid chromatography was used to measure a-tocopherol in the retinas of rats reared in a cyclic light or dark environment. These measurements were performed on extracts of whole retinas during the developmental period, 18–60 days, and on isolated ROS from adult animals. Similar α-tocopherol determinations were performed on retinas and isolated ROS following exposure of rats to intense visible light for 24 hr periods.The results show that a-tocopherol is chromatographically separated from the vitamin A derivatives found in the retina and is pure, as judged by mass spectrometry. In the retinas of cyclic light and dark reared rats, a-tocopherol accumulates in an age dependent fashion, so that at 60 days the level is nearly double that of animals at 18–20 days of age (P<0.001). Because the age dependent accumulation of rhodopsin is greater in dark reared rats, the average molar ratio of rhodopsin to α- tocopherol in the retina of dark reared animals is 25% higher than in cyclic light rats. Foll.
New Thionitrites: Synthesis, Stability, and Nitric Oxide Generation

In order to study the influence of substitutions a t the a and p carbon atoms on the stability of the S-NO bond, water-soluble thionitrites RSNO have been synthesized by nitrosation of cysteamine and mercaptoethanol derivatives and characterized. 'H and 13C NMR spectroscopies have proven to be excellent probes for the nitrosation of thiols. In water, a t physiological pH, the compounds decomposed into nitric oxide NO and the corresponding disulfides. The rate a t which NO was released was very sensitive to modifications a t the a and /3 carbon atoms. Tertiary thionitrites were more stable than primary thionitrites. The /3-substituents decreased the rates of decomposition in the following order: OH > NHCOCH3 > NH3+. S-Nitrosocysteamine derivatives were greatly stabilized at low pH. The compounds described here might be convenient and useful as vehicles for spontaneous generation of nitric oxide in biological systems, at rates that can be finely tuned and controlled over a wide range.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of InAs on a (311)A corrugated surface: Growth mechanism and morphology

Kinetic molecular beam epitaxy growth processes and the structure of the InAs (311)A surface were investigated in situ by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ex situ by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Two stable surface structures, (2×15) and (1×5), were observed by RHEED on as-grown surfaces. RHEED oscillations have a strong azimuthal anisotropy with maximum amplitude in the [233] direction and minimum amplitude in the [011] direction, suggesting that this surface grows via propagation and coalescence of pronounced two dimensional nuclei along the [233] azimuth. Ex situ LEED and STM studies of the As-capped InAs (311)A surfaces confirmed the strong anisotropy of the surface structure. A characteristic feature of the LEED patterns is the degeneration of the principal diffraction into streaks along the [011] direction. STM images show rows running along the [233] direction. Although the spacing between the rows varies, there are local.
Changing Preterm Birth in Delaware

In the state of Delaware the rate of preterm birth was noted to be 10.1% in 2016, a slight increase from 2015.4 Fortunately, the majority (70%) of preterm births occur in the late preterm birth period, between 34 0/7 weeks and 36 6/7 weeks, where the outcomes are generally more favorable.5 Though preterm births prior to 34 weeks are less common, the most neonatal deaths result from children born before 34 weeks. Likewise significant differences exist between different ethnic groups with African American women having an 11.8% rate of preterm birth compared to Hispanics (7.9%) and Caucasians (9.0%). 4
Corrosion protection with synergistic LBL/Ormosil nanostructured thin films

Stratified systems comprising an inhibitor-doped layer-by-layer (LBL) clay-polyelectrolyte overcoated with a dense organically-modified silicate (Ormosil) are investigated as corrosion protectors for aluminium. As separate coatings, neither the LBL nor Ormosil films were found to provide adequate corrosion protection of the underlying metal. A combination of the two coating methods was found to produce a synergistic enhancement of corrosion resistance characteristics, as determined by using electrochemical techniques. This effect occurs due to the formation of sol-gel cross-linked LBL multilayers. Moreover, the LBL-sol-gel hybrid stratum seals the inhibitor ions into the polyelectrolyte layer, thereby producing a reservoir of corrosion inhibitors in the direct vicinity of the metal. Importantly, the LBL multilayers not affected by sol-gel promote lateral diffusion of an active corrosion inhibitor along the surface. Such a layered system can be considered as an example of performance optimisation by multilayer stratification of nanostructured materials. The combination of strong barrier functions, efficient corrosion inhibitor delivery, low cost of the components, and ecological compliance would be difficult to attain in traditional corrosion protection approaches.
Pentacarbonyl[tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphine-P]chromium and its Molybdenum Analogue

In the title compounds, [Cr(C21H21O3P)(CO)5] and [Mo(C21H21O3P)(CO)5], the M—C bond lengths for the cis-carbonyl ligands (with respect to the phosphine) are longer than that observed for the trans-carbonyl group. The chromium compound has short intermolecular O⋯O contacts. The two crystal structures are not isomorphous and crystallize in triclinic and monoclinic systems, respectively.
Novel Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of BLM in the Maintenance of Genome Stability

xi Chapter One: Introduction . 1 The RecQ Helicase Family . 2 The core helicase domain . 2 The RecQ C-terminal domain . 3 The helicase and RNase D–like C-terminal domain . 4 Non-conserved and unique domains . 5 Human diseases resulting from RecQ helicase deficiencies . 8 Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is caused by mutations in RECQL4 . 8 Werner syndrome is caused by defects in WRN . 8 BLM deficiency causes Bloom syndrome . 9 Bloom Syndrome . 9 Clinical features of Bloom syndrome . 9 Cellular defects of Bloom syndrome . 11 Mutations and Polymorphism in the BLM Gene . 12 Bloom syndrome causing mutations . 13 Heterozygosity in BLM and cancer risk . 13 Polymorphism in BLM and disease risk . 15 Functional relevance of coding SNPs in BLM . 15 Structure of the BLM Helicase . 17 The BLM C-terminal region contains the helicase core . 17 The BLM N-terminal region is predicted to be intrinsically disordered
Dissolved and dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons in the Aegean Sea

The distribution and transportation of Dissolved and Dispersed Petroleum Hydrocarbon (DDPH) were investigated in the Aegean Sea with the hydrodynamics of the water masses of the region. It is clear that distribution of this pollutant is strongly affected by physical dynamics of environment. The data were collected during cruises in November 1994, in the framework of National Marine Measurement and Monitoring Programme in the Aegean Sea. In the present study additionally the Chlorophyll‐a was measured fluorometrically and there is good correlation between petroleum hydrocarbon and chlorophyll‐a in the Aegean Sea. DDPH data was used to search origin of hydrocarbons: biogenic or non biogenic.
Pharmacological profile of various κ‐agonists at κ‐, μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors mediating presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release in the rat brain

1 The potency, relative efficacy and selectivity of a series of κ‐opioid receptor agonists at the μ‐, δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors mediating inhibition of electrically‐induced (radiolabelled) neurotransmitter release from superfused rat brain slices was determined. 2 With regard to their potencies at κ‐receptors mediating inhibition of striatal [3H]‐dopamine release, the highest pD2 value (8.7) was found for bremazocine and the lowest (7.1) for U50488; the pD2 values for ethylketocyclazocine (EKC), tifluadom, U69593 and PD117302 were between 8.0 and 8.3. There were no marked differences between the relative efficacies of the κ‐agonists (maximum inhibition being 60–70%). In contrast to the other κ‐agonists, at a concentration of 1 μm, PD117302 caused a significant (25–40%) increase of the spontaneous efflux of tritium. 3 None of the κ‐agonists significantly affected striatal [14C]‐acetylcholine (ACh) release, with the exception of a slight inhibitory effect of EKC. The δ‐receptor‐mediated inhibitory effect of [d‐Ala2, d‐Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) on [14C]‐ACh release was antagonized in a concentration‐dependent manner by bremazocine (0.1 and 1.0 μm) and also partially by EKC (1 μm), but not by the other κ‐agonists. The pA2 value for bremazocine as an antagonist at the δ‐receptors involved was 8.0, compared to 7.6 for naloxone. 4 None of the κ‐agonists significantly affected cortical [3H]‐noradrenaline (NA) release, with the notable exception of tifluadom, which strongly inhibited release by activating μ‐receptors. The μ‐receptor‐mediated inhibitory effect of Tyr‐d‐Ala‐Gly‐(NMe)Phe‐Gly‐ol (DAMGO) on [3H]‐NA release was antagonized in a concentration‐dependent manner by bremazocine and EKC, but not by the other κ‐agonists. The pA2 value for bremazocine as an antagonist at the μ‐receptors involved was 8.2, compared to 8.6 for naloxone. 5 Thus, whereas U69593 and PD117302 display high potency and selectivity towards κ‐opioid receptors, the potent benzomorphan κ‐agonists bremazocine and EKC also appear to be strong μ‐opioid receptor antagonists.