Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mangroves enhance local fisheries catches: a global meta‐analysis

Mangroves are among the most productive ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions. Historically, mangroves are assumed to support artisanal fisheries, leading decision-makers to protect mangroves based on this premise. However, this relationship remains unclear, despite positive correlations obtained in different geographical regions. Here, we provide the first meta-analysis of the mangroves–fisheries linkage at a global level. After conducting a systematic review, 23 publications containing 51 studies estimating the mangrove–fishery linkage were obtained. A random effect model was used to estimate the effect size (Pearson's correlation coefficient) of each individual study as well as the overall effect size. We found strong evidence for the mangrove–fishery linkage with an overall effect size of r = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61–0.81), and substantial heterogeneity was observed (Q = 143.88, df = 50, P < 0.01). The countries where the studies were carried out were the only significant moderator (QM = 26.07, P < 0.01), while fisheries types (i.e. crab, fish, shellfish, prawn and total) and global regions were not good predictors of the relationship. Our results show that mangrove area is a good predictor of fishery catches overall, confirming the importance of conserving such habitats.
A radio telemetering capsule and demodulator for recording rumen motility.

: A new pressure sensitive capsule for monitoring rumen activity has been developed. Surgery on the animal is not required for introducing the unit because it is small enough to be placed in the rumen using a stomach tube. The unit will transmit for several weeks and uses an inexpensive, commercially available pressure transducer as a sensor.
Environmental Impacts of Smelters.

Both a survey and a remedial effort, this work focuses on pollution by smelters of the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. Contributors examine the chemical and biological effects of smelter pollutants -- particularly their impact on lake acidification -- and supply models for quantifying the effects of smelter emissions. Rehabilitative measures for the acid-stressed lakes are also presented.
Structural characterization of the interaction of the delta and alpha subunits of the Escherichia coli F1F0-ATP synthase by NMR spectroscopy.

A critical point of interaction between F(1) and F(0) in the bacterial F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase is formed by the alpha and delta subunits. Previous work has shown that the N-terminal domain (residues 3-105) of the delta subunit forms a 6 alpha-helix bundle [Wilkens, S. , Dunn, S. D. , Chandler, J., Dahlquist, F. W. , and Capaldi, R. A. (1997) Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 198-201] and that the majority of the binding energy between delta and F(1) is provided by the interaction between the N-terminal 22 residues of the alpha- and N-terminal domain of the delta subunit [Weber, J., Muharemagic, A. , Wilke-Mounts, S. , and Senior, A. E. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 13623-13626]. We have now analyzed a 1:1 complex of the delta-subunit N-terminal domain and a peptide comprising the N-terminal 22 residues of the alpha subunit by heteronuclear protein NMR spectroscopy. A comparison of the chemical-shift values of delta-subunit residues with and without alpha N-terminal peptide bound indicates that the binding interface on the N-terminal domain of the delta subunit is formed by alpha helices I and V. NOE cross-peak patterns in 2D (12)C/(12)C-filtered NOESY spectra of the (13)C-labeled delta-subunit N-terminal domain in complex with unlabeled peptide verify that residues 8-18 in the alpha-subunit N-terminal peptide are folded as an alpha helix when bound to delta N-terminal domain. On the basis of intermolecular contacts observed in (12)C/(13)C-filtered NOESY experiments, we describe structural details of the interaction of the delta-subunit N-terminal domain with the alpha-subunit N-terminal alpha helix.
Oocyte differentiation and vitellogenesis in Glossina morsitans Westw.

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LYMPHOTOXIN-α (TNF-β) DURING SEPSIS

Abstract T cell release of lymphotoxin-α (LT-α, or TNF-β) is stimulated by pyrogenic exotoxins of Gram-positive bacteria and mitogens. In contrast to TNF-α, it is unknown whether LT-α plays any role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and, in particular, the pathogenesis of Gram-positive sepsis. Sera from patients with sepsis were examined for LT-α and compared with normal volunteers and pregnant women. LT-α was detected in 33% of sepsis sera (mean 608.4 pg/ml SE 306), 16% of normal sera (mean 167 pg/ml SE 87) and 23% of sera from pregnant women (mean 714 pg/ml SE 191). These differences were not significant and there were no differences within species sera when grouped by the type of causative organism, or disease severity. LT-α detected by immunoassay in serum was not bioactive, in contrast to that produced in cell culture. Recombinant soluble TNF receptors (rSTNFR) neutralized the bioactivity of recombinant LT-α at rSTNFR concentrations which did not interfere with immunoreactivity and which are known to prevail in vivo . Hence, LT-α is unlikely to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Much of the potential bioactivity of this lymphokine may be abrogated by TNFR in serum.
Inhibitors of ethylene action affect final quality and rooting of cuttings before and after storage

Vegetative cuttings of three species, Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura, Pelargonium zonale L. , and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. , were treated with 1-MCP or STS to determine the effect of inhibition of the action of ethylene on quality and rooting ability both without and with storage. Storage decreased quality of Pelargonium and Hibiscus cuttings, causing leaf yellowing and chlorophyll degradation. No leaf yellowing was detected in Dendranthema cuttings, regardless of treatment. Storage inhibited rooting of the cuttings, particularly in Pelargonium, where rooting was halved. Chemical inhibition of ethylene action retarded storage-induced leaf yellowing, but also reduced rooting ability both in fresh and stored cuttings. Chemical names used: 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP); silver thiosulfate (STS).
Sleep characteristics of elite blind soccer players in China

Abstract This cross-sectional survey mainly investigated the sleep characteristics and its association with the training volumes of top blind soccer players in China. Additionally, the sleep quality of athletes with and without a visual impairment was compared. Blind soccer players (n = 60) completed the survey form measuring their sleep characteristics and demographic data. A secondary data-set about the sleep quality of athletes without disabilities was used to compare with the current sample. The results showed that 26.7% blind soccer players were classified as poor sleepers. There was a significant difference of sleep quality (poor vs. good sleep quality) by training volume and sleep characteristics (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction). Somewhat unexpectedly, blind soccer players generally showed a better sleep quality than athletes without disabilities. It was concluded that more than one fourth of blind soccer players have poor sleep quality and that training volumes may affect it. There is a need to understand possible reasons and mechanisms of poor sleep quality among this special population in future research.
Phylogenetic position of Actinastrum hantzschii LAGERHEIM 1882 (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae)

Actinastrum hantzschii LAGERHEIM is characterized by spindle-shaped cells that are truncated at one end and arranged 3-dimensionally in colonies. An isolate of the alga was characterized by the use of light and electron microscopy as well as 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Despite morphological differences, phylogenetic analyses indicated that A. hantzschii is closely related to the trebouxiophycean taxa Chlorella sorokiniana SHI-HIRA et KRAUS, C. vulgaris BEIJERINCK and C. lobophora ANDREYEVA, and did not show any affinity to the Scenedesmaceae as previously proposed. Previous studies on Closteriopsis acicularis G. M. SMITH (Trebouxiophyceae), together with the findings of the present study, question the concept of Chlorella sensu stricto as well as the criteria currently used in the systematics of coccoid green algae.
Comparison of Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C Expression Panels of Human Osteoblasts Versus MG-63 and Saos Osteoblast-Like Cells

Background: A large number of phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes, both mRNA transcripts and proteins, have been detected in osteoblasts, corroborating the importance of calcium regulation in bone tissue. MG-63 and SaOS-2 human osteosarcoma cell lines are actually considered osteoblast-like cells, and are therefore widely used as experimental models for osteoblasts. Objectives: Our aim was to verify whether MG-63 or SaOS-2 cells might also represent appropriate experimental osteoblast models for signal transduction studies, with special regard to the phosphoinositide (PI) pathway. We analyzed the expression and the subcellular distribution of enzymes related to calcium signal transduction (the PI-specific PLC family), which are known to possess high cell/tissue specificity. Materials and Methods: The expression of PLC genes was analyzed by performing RT-PCR experiments. The presence of PLC enzymes and their subcellular distribution within the cells was analyzed with immunofluorescence experiments. Conclusions: MG-63 and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell lines might not represent appropriate experimental models for studies that aim to analyze signal transduction in osteoblasts.
Terminação de novilhos em pastagem de aveia branca consorciada com leguminosa ou associada à suplementação energética

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the association of vetch (Vica sativa) or energy supplementation in oat (Avena sativa) on the performance of steers in the finishing phase. The experiment was performed in 18 steers, quarter Marchegiana, quarter Aberdeen Angus and 2/4 Nellore genetic groups, with the live weight and age of 360kg and 19 months, respectively, divided into three treatments: pasture white oat, pasture white oat intercropped with vetch and oat pasture with energetic supplementation with the basis of ground corn (1% body weight per day in dry matter). The experimental design was a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. The interaction was observed by the period of evaluation and treatments for the participation of oat leaf in grassland. The participation of vetches increased in the course of the experiment from 3.51% to 12.21% as opposed to the participation of oat, which decreased in the course of the experiment in all treatments. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found for the forage mass, stoking rate, forage offer and rate of daily accumulation between treatments. The animals that received supplementation showed higher (P <0.05) average daily weight gain (1.08kg/day), live weight gain for ha (4.47kg/ha/day) and total live weight gain (242.82kg) compared with those animals that received only oat (0.68kg, 2.50kg/ha/day; 123.49kg, respectively). While the animals that have remained in pasture with oat and vetch showed intermediate results (0.89kg/day, 2.99kg/ha/day and 154.26kg, respectively) the final weight was better in the treatment with supplementation (424.44kg). The energy supplementation with oat pasture is presented as the best alternative to improve animal performance. Nevertheless, the oat plus vetch is an alternative when the supplement (corn grain) has a high cost, once the animal performance was lower, but it was not different from the energetic supplementation.
Ecology of the endangered species Solidago shortii. IV. Pollination ecology

BUCHELE, DAVID E. , JERRY M. BASKIN AND CAROL C. BASKIN (School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225). Ecology of the endangered species Solidago shortii. IV. Pollination ecology. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 119: 137-141. 1992. -Like other species of goldenrod, cross pollination is required for seed set in Solidago shortii T. & G. , and the percentage of flowers that produce seeds in this narrow endemic is similar to that in some of its geographically-widespread congeners. In field studies, seed set was 22-25.2% in openpollinated flowers, less than 1% in bagged flowers, 10.2% in hand-crossed flowers, and 0% in hand-selfed flowers. Seed set in hand-crossed and hand-selfed flowers in the greenhouse was 42.3% and 3.5%, respectively. The most frequent visitor to the flowers of S. shortii was the goldenrod soldier beetle, Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus, which is known to effect pollination in other Solidago species. Neither Apis nor Bombus was seen on inflorescences of S. shortii in the field. No major impact of herbivory was observed on the goldenrod. Thus, it appears that the narrow endemism of S. shortii cannot be explained on the basis of the breeding system and interactions with arthropods.
Interleukin (IL) 1b, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10, and IL-13 gene expression in the central nervous system and anterior pituitary during systemic inflammation: Pathophysiological implications (lipopolysaccharideyhormoneybehavioryNOyHIV-1)

The pathophysiology of systemic inflamma- tion and sepsis involves peripheral organs, causing gastroin- testinal, renal, and cardiovascular alterations, as well as the central nervous system (CNS), affecting sleep, temperature regulation, behavior, and neuroendocrine function. The mo- lecular basis of the CNS effects of systemic inflammation are not fully elucidated. Here we show that the CNS responds to systemic inflammation with pronounced IL-1b gene expres- sionandlimitedIL-1receptorantagonist(IL-1ra),IL-10,and IL-13 gene expression. This pattern occurs throughout the CNS, including areas such as the subfornical organ, pineal gland, neurohypophysis, and hypothalamus. In contrast, in theanteriorpituitary,wefoundlimitedIL-1bgeneexpression but marked induction of the mRNA encoding for the secreted isoform of IL-1ra, secreted IL-1ra. We conclude that the central manifestations of peripheral inflammation are medi- ated by endogenous brain IL-1bsynthesized during systemic inflammation in the context of limited central cytokine counter regulation of IL-1. As IL-1bis a potent stimulus for inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and activity, these findings explain our previous observation that systemic in- flammation promotes inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the brain and the spillover of NO metabolites into cerebrospinal fluid. The CNS transcription of the HIV-1 replicationfactorIL-1binthecontextoflimitedtranscription of the IL-1 replication inhibitors IL-1ra, IL-10, and IL-13 might help explain the negative impact of systemic inflam- mationontheclinicalcourseofAIDS.Inaddition,wepropose that IL-1ra may be secreted by the anterior pituitary as a systemic anti-inflammatory hormone that is released in re- sponse to IL-1b originated from multiple sources.
Complement to the study of the Indian Paleocene osteoglossid fish genus Taverneichthys (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)

A series of osteological characters of Taverneichthys bikanericus from the continental Paleocene of India are studied, allowing specifying its systematic position within the Osteoglossidae. It is shown that on the basis of its peculiar snout morphology this species occupies an intermediate position between genera such as Chanopsis and Phareodus, which possess a primitive snout with a large dermethmoid reaching the frontals and separating the two nasals from each other, and such as Brychaetus, Musperia, Opsithrissops, Osteoglossum and Scleropages, which exhibit an evolved snout. The latter presents nasals, which are articulated to the frontals, meeting each other on the mid-line, except at their anterior edge, where a small dermethmoid, largely separated from the frontals, is inserted between.
Photoperiod Affects Chrysanthemum Host Plant Selection by Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

The leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), was attracted more to short day (SD) grown chrysanthemums for feeding and oviposition than to long day (LD) grown chrysanthemums. Densities of feeding punctures and mines within SD grown plants were positively related to leaf height. A physical property of chrysanthemum leaves influencing the preference of feeding and oviposition sites by the female leafminer was trichome density.
Quenching and Enhancement Effects of ATP Extractants, Cleansers, and Sanitizers on the Detection of the ATP Bioluminescence Signal †.

Techniques for measuring ATP bioluminescence are being used widely as rapid methods for the assessment of the cleanliness of food-processing plants. Sanitizer or cleanser residues could present a potential problem in the use of these ATP bioluminescence techniques due to the degradation of the firefly luciferin-luciferase substrate-enzyme system by these cleaning chemicals. The objectives of this study were the evaluation of the quenching and enhancement effects on the detection of the ATP bioluminescence signal using various ATP extractants, commercial cleansers, and sanitizers, and the determination of the antimicrobial properties of different concentrations of cleansers and sanitizers on Escherichia coli OI57:H7, Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonasfragi . Extractants evaluated were benzalkonium chloride, Triton X-100,benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, and trichloroacetic acid. Cleansers evaluated were an alkaline foam and an acid foam. Also evaluated were a quaternary ammonium sanitizer, a d-limolene sanitizer, commercial sodium hypochlorite, and household bleach (sodium hypochlorite). The extractant cetylpyridinium chloride (0.0125%) did not have a statistically significant effect on the detection of the ATP bioluminescence signal at a 95% confidence level. A transition from enhancement to quenching as a concentration-dependent phenomenon was observed for the alkaline foam, acid foam, commercial sodiumhypochlorite,d-limolene,and household bleach. An enhancement effect that did not appear to be concentration-dependent was observed for the quaternary ammonium sanitizer. Antimicrobial disc assays demonstrated that in some cases the cleanser or sanitizer concentration was not effective against the bacteria, but enhanced or quenched the detection of the bioluminescence signal, leading to false-positive or false-negative results respectively.
Cyclooxygenase 2, toll-like receptor 4 and interleukin 1b mRNA expression in atherosclerotic plaques of type 2 diabetic patients

Objectives and design Inflammation has a prominent role in the development of atherosclerosis. Type 2 diabetes could contribute to atherosclerosis development by promoting inflammation. This status might accelerate changes in intrinsic vascular wall cells and favor plaque formation. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. COX-2 gene expression is promoted through activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1b (IL1-b). Aim of this study is to investigate whether expression profiles of proinflammatory genes such as COX-2, TLR4 and IL1-b in atherosclerotic plaques are altered in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Total RNA was isolated from plaques of atherosclerotic patients and expression of COX-2, TLR4, IL1b analyzed using real-time PCR. Histological analysis was performed on sections of the plaque to establish the degree of instability. Results Statistically significant differences in mRNA expression of COX-2 and IL1-b were found in plaques of T2D compared with non-T2D patients. A multi-variable linear regression model suggests that COX-2 mRNA expression is affected by T2D pathology and IL1-b mRNA expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that T2D pathology contributes in vivo to increase the inflammatory process associated with the atherosclerotic plaque formation, as shown by an increment of COX-2 and IL1-b mRNA expression.
Diversity, Relative Abundance and Biology of Fishes in Some Rivers, and Cestode Parasites of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus ) in Some Lakes of Ethiopia

An attempt was done to identify and compare differences and species composition of Cestode fauna in the African catfish from the three lakes (Lakes Awassa, Tana and Ziway). The infection, mean intensity (number of worms per fish), cestode site preference and relationship between cestode intensity and size of fish were studied. In the present study five cestode fish parasites were identified. These are Polyonchobothrium clarias, Proteocephalus glanduliger, Proteocephalidea. new. genus, Proteocephalidea sp. and Caryophyllaeus sp. All of them were found in Lake Tana while only Polyonchobothrium clarias was observed in Lake Awassa. Polyonchobothrium clarias and Proteocephalidea sp were identified in Lakes Tana and Ziway. From a total of 90 Clarias gariepinus fish examined, 65.56 % were infected and 34 . 44 % were free. Of the infected hosts 35.56 % and 30 % were females and males respectively. The incidence of Polyonchobothrium clarias (that was dominantly found in the three lakes) was 86 % in the combined data. Lake Tana had more diverse cestode fish parasite fauna than Lakes Awassa and Ziway. Among the observed cestode parasites, Polyonchobothrium clarias and Proteocephalus glanduliger might be new to Ethiopia while Proteocephalidea. new. genus might be new to science. Generally, the present study disclosed five fish parasites that were categorized in Cestode.
Classifi cation of Genetic Disorders

• Single-gene disorders are caused by mutations of specifi c genes in the human genetic material. • Polymorphic changes are variations in the genetic material that do not cause disease but may increase an individual’s susceptibility to a particular disease. • X-linked disorders are caused by an inheritance of a mutant gene found in the X chromosome. • Common diseases of adults, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and some congenital malformations, are not inherited as a single-gene disorder or a chromosomal abnormality.