Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schooling Quality in a Cross Section of Countries: a replication exercise and additional results

In this note we begin by replicate the results in “Schooling Quality in a Cross-Section of Countries” [Barro and Lee 2001, Economica 68]. Then, we go further and show that results can be different when more meaningful variables are considered. In particular, school inputs lessen their effects in some specifications, approximating the macroeconomic result from the microeconomic ones.
Combination Effect of Clove and Orange Peel Oils on in Vitro Digestion of Dairy Total Mixed Ration Using ANKOM DAISY II Incubator

Clove and orange peel oils were used for rumen manipulation in ruminant animal production. However there is limited study with true in vitro rumen digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate combination effect of clove and orange peel oils on in vitro digestion of Dairy Total Mixed Ration (TMR) using ANKOM DAISY II Incubator. Ruminal fluid for in vitro digestion technique was prepared as in vitro digestibility ANKOM method. The results indicated that in vitro true DM disappearance (IVTDMD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber disappearance (IVNDFD) of dairy TMR were significant (P <0.01) affected by clove, orange peel oils and their combination. Clove increased IVTDMD and IVNDFD and energy estimate (TDN, ME and NEl) of TMR, while orange peel oils decreased. Therefore, there was antagonistic effects between CO and OP 300 ppm when they were used together in combination treatment for decreasing in vitro digestion of dairy TMR. 
Global heat flow simulation based on a kinematic model of mantle flow

SUMMARY The global heat flow is the surface representation of thermal processes within the earth's mantle. The long-wavelength pattern of observed heat flow closely resembles the plate tectonics and its most prominent feature is higher values along ocean ridge systems. Theoretically, to determine the thermal state of the Earth's mantle, the heat transfer problem and the mantle convection problem have to be solved simultaneously since they are coupled with each other. However, the development of global seismic tomography provides us with a possibility that, at least under certain assumptions, these problems can be decoupled from each other and solved separately. This allows us to calculate mantle flow velocities first based on the internal loading theory and then use the velocity field as the input to solve the thermal problem. In addition to the internal density anomalies, surface plate movements also excite mantle circulations and, under certain circumstance, they may dominate the structure of the mantle flow. In this study, using a kinematic model of mantle convection and heat transfer, we investigated the underlying processes that generated the observed global heat flow. Buoyancy from the density anomalies and the coupling from the overlying plates are treated as the mantle flow driving force. Both advection and conduction heat transfers are included in the energy equation. Results show that calculated depth derivatives of the near surface temperature are closely correlated to the observed surface heat flow pattern. Higher heat flow values around midocean ridge systems can be reproduced very well. The predicted average temperature as a function of depth reveals that there are two thermal boundary layers, one is close to the surface and another is close to the core-mantle boundary. The rest of the mantle is nearly isothermal. Although, in most of the mantle, advection dominates the heat transfer, the conductive heat transfer is still locally important in the boundary layers and plays an important role for the surface heat flow pattern. The existence of surface plates is responsible for the long wavelength surface heat flow pattern.
The impact of sea water immersion on the viability of psammophilous species Leymus racemosus subsp. sabulosus and Ammophila arenaria

Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev subsp. sabulosus (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev (mammoth wildrye) and Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (marram grass) are perennial, psammophilous species which dominate sand dunes due to their biological characteristics. Their communities have an important role in the formation of the natural vegetation cover of coastal sand strips along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. This study provides the first systematic analysis of tolerance of L. racemosus subsp. sabulosus and A. arenaria to sea water immersion along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It aims to determine effects of flooding stress on whole plants and how long rhizomes can remain viable in sea water. Two experiments establish that decomposition of leaves of immersed plants starts from the 7th day. A growth of stems and root sprouts is observed on the same day. There are no visible decompositions of stems, roots and rhizomes till the end of the experiment (20th day). Rhizomes from the investigated species are able to regenerate after 30 days of submergence and bud viability appears to be enhanced slightly by sea water. L. racemosus subsp. sabulosus shows higher bud viability than A. arenaria. The possible negative consequences of flooding to L. racemosus and A. arenaria communities based on experimental results, hydrodynamical modelling, detailed topography, bathymetry surveys and detailed GIS mapping on Panorama Beach are discussed.
Effects of Phragmites Invasion on Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activities in a Brackish Marsh

Invasion and expansion of Phragmites communi Trin. are a widespread phenomenon in many regions. This study assessed effects of invasion of P. communi on microbial diversity and enzyme activities in a wetland, which play a key role soil nutrient cycle. Soil samples from three locations (native, mixed and invaded) were collected and microbial diversity along with a suite of enzyme activities were determined in a brackish marsh of Korea. No significant differences in enzyme activities and bacterial diversity were found among sites. However, significantly higher fungal diversity and N-acetylglucosdminidase activity were found in the mixed site. This result suggests that plant diversity may induce higher diversity of fungal community resulting in faster mineralization of organic nitrogen.
TITLES IN THIS SERIES Towards a socially sustainable world economy: An analysis of the social pillars of globalization, by Raymond Torres (ISBN 92-2-111390-6) STUDIES ON THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

STUDIES ON THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION Bangladesh, by Rajendra Paratian and Raymond Torres (ISBN 92-2-111391-4) Chile, by Gerhard Reinecke and Raymond Torres (ISBN 92-2-111392-2) Republic of Korea, by Raymond Torres (ISBN 92-2-111395-7) Mauritius, by Richard Anker, Rajendra Paratian and Raymond Torres (ISBN 92-2-111393-0) Poland, by Raymond Torres, Christine Enz1er, Gerhard Reinecke and Ana Teresa Romero (ISBN 92-2-111394-9) South Africa, by Susan Hayter, Gerhard Reinecke and Raymond Torres (ISBN 92-2-111396-5) Switzerland, by Ana Teresa Romero and Raymond Torres (ISBN 92-2-111397-3) STUDIES ON THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Pharmacological Advances to the Treatment of Obesity

Obesity is one of the most serious problems of the 21st century and affects nearly 300 million people worldwide. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 18% of the adult population is obese. More alarming is the fact that there is a strong correlation between the development of childhood obesity and its prevalence in adulthood. Also, children who do not have this disease have a high probability of staying within normal weight in adulthood. Therefore, the presence of an early obesity predisposes to a prevalence of this condition in adult ages. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved five long-term obesity drugs for adults who are obese so far: lorcaserin, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, Orlistat and liraglutide over the past two years. A fifth alternative, orlistat is a long-term medication that is effective for up to six months and is the only drug used to treat childhood obesity. For this reason, new pharmacological alternatives are investigated. Therefore, it is very important the knowledge of the intestine-brain axis and hence leptin, which regulates food intake and energy balance in normal weight subjects and is a key hormone in food and body regulation in both children and adults.
The Challenges and Opportunities of Inter-device Media

We live in a many-device, media-rich, connected world. But despite the great diversity of screens we regularly engage with, one still plays a prominent part in our homes – the television. While, previously, we might have browsed a paper magazine while halfwatching a TV programme, today we are more likely to be interacting with handheld devices. In the pre-digital era, choreographing and combining TV content with the viewers’ other media was virtually impossible. Now, broadcasters and independent application designers are doing so, and are seeking ways to ensure that experiences that span devices are engaging, effective, and congruent. This article addresses the critical issue of supporting users in managing their attention across devices; uncovering the key attributes of experiences in which two or more devices are complementary.
Memory Hierarchy Behavior Study during the Execution of Recursive Linear Algebra Library

For good performance of every computer program, good cache and TLB utilization is crucial. In numerical linear algebra libraries (such as BLAS or LAPACK), good cache utilization is achieved by explicit loop restructuring (mainly loop blocking), but this requires difficult memory pattern behavior analysis. In this paper, we represent the recursive implementation (“divide and conquer” approach) of some routines from numerical algebra libraries. This implementation leads to good cache and TLB utilization with no need to analyze the memory pattern behavior due to “natural” partition of data.
The effect of antiviral substance 6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-6H-indolo [2,3-b]quinoxaline upon biomarkers of inflammation

Aim. To investigate changes in pro-infl ammatory status of laboratory rats after introduction of antiviral substances with interferon-inducing action: 6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline and tilorone. Methods. MCP-1 content, blood leukocyte counts and functional activity of phagocytes were measures using fl ow cytometry techniques. Complement content was determined in microtest based upon hemolysis of sensitized erythrocytes. Results. Both oral and intraperitoneal applications of the substances were characterized by an elevation in monocytic counts, potentiated metabolic reserve of phagocytic cells, increased MCP-1 and complement content in serum. In contrast to tilorone, after introduction of 6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline substantial raise in circulating neutrophil counts and their phagocytic activity was not determined, while MCP-1 and complement responses were signifi cantly lower compared to reference substance. Conclusion. Although both substances are IFN-inducers with pluripotent immunostimulatory action, the tested derivative was characterized by a less pronounced elevation of complement activity, MCP-1 content and neutrophil counts. This implies that application of 6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline can strengthen innate antiviral resistance with minimized risks of potential autoimmunological adverse effects.
Manganese Oxide on Carbon Fabric for Flexible Supercapacitors

We report the fabrication of uniform large-area manganese oxide (MnO2) nanosheets on carbon fabric which oxidized using O2 plasma treatment (MnO2/O2-carbon fabric) via electrodeposition process and their implementation as supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that MnO2/O2-carbon fabric exhibited capacitance as high as 275 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s; in addition, it showed an excellent cycling performance (less than 20% capacitance loss after 10,000 cycles). All the results suggest that MnO2/O2-carbon fabric is a promising electrode material which has great potential for application on flexible supercapacitors.
The Relationship between Religious Orientation and Marital Adjustment among Couples of Qom City

Introduction: marital adjustment is harmony and empathy in achieving common goals of life between husband and wife that leads to satisfaction from living together. Religion is considered as one of the most effective spiritual fulcrums which are able to provide the meaning of life in each moment of lifetime and rescue a person in special condition from suspension and meaninglessness by providing explanatory fulcrum. The main aim of this research is to study the relationship between religious orientation and marital adjustment among couples of Qom City. Methods: this is a correlation descriptive study. The study population included all the couples referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City. So 150 people who referred to counseling centers and psychological clinics of Qom City and volunteered to participate, were selected. The required information was collected using Azarbaijani’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire (2003) and Espanire Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression. Findings: findings show that there is a positive correlation between religious orientation and marital satisfaction( r=0/45, p>0/001). This means that religious orientation can predict marital adjustment. Religious orientation also has direct and significant relationship with dimensions of dyadic satisfaction (r=0/45, p>0/001), dyadic cohesion (r=0/41, p>0/001), dyadic consensus (r=0/40, p>0/001), affectional expression (r=0/317, p> 0/001). Result: since religious orientation can be effective in improving relationships and marital adjustment, it is recommended to take advantage of strengthening religious beliefs of couples and cause them to approach each other in counseling.
Decline of crinoids on the reefs of Curaçao and Bonaire , Netherlands Antilles

Since 1996 at the latest, comatulid crinoids on the leeward reefs of Curaçao and Bonaire have declined drastically in population size and diversity. Prior to this decline, five species inhabited the forereef slope from depths of 6 to >30 m. Davidaster rubiginosa and an undescribed species of Davidaster were common from about 6 to 15 m depth, and D. discoidea was common below about 15 m. Nemaster grandis and Ctenantedon kinziei were found in lower abundance at about 30 m depth. Transect data from Bonaire showed that a drastic decline in numbers of the Davidaster taxa occurred between 1989 and 1996. Transects in Curaçao in the late 1990s through 2001 documented a similar decline. In 2007, sites in Curaçao where species of Davidaster were formerly common were practically devoid of crinoids. In particular, D. discoidea, once the most numerous crinoid in these islands, has all but disappeared. The cause of this decline on both islands is unknown. It is possible that heating associated with the severe coral bleaching event of 1995 also affected the crinoids. As far as we are aware, reef crinoid populations across the broader western Atlantic region have not shown a similar decline.
Strength and Behavior of Concrete Contains Waste Plastic

This paper presents a method of strengthen concrete by the addition of percentages recycled waste plastic (polyethylene). Almost 126 samples of concrete are prepared, the concrete Strength (compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength) are investigated along a time interval of 7 to 28 days using 1%, 3% and 5% from fine aggregate recycled waste plastic (polyethylene). It is found that when waste plastic bottles increased from zero to 5% of the sand in the mix, the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of concrete decreased by the ratios of 12.81, 10.71, and increase by 4.1% respectively at 7 days age and also these concrete strength decrease by the ratios 7.93, 28.6, and 23.6% at 28 days age.
Phylogeography and sister group of Lupangus, a new genus for three new flightless allopatric forest litter weevils endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Molytinae)

This paper reports discovery of a new genus Lupangus gen. n. with three new flightless weevils endemic to the forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania: L. asterius sp. n. (East Usambara; the type species), L. jason sp. n. (Uluguru) and L. orpheus sp. n. (Udzungwa). Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses using parts of mitochondrial (COI), nuclear ribosomal (28S) genes, as well as the nuclear spacer region (ITS2) from 46 terminals grouped together the reciprocally monophyletic Lupangus (3 terminals) and Typoderus (3 terminals), with all three clades strongly supported. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 COI-5’ sequences recovered Lupangus species as reciprocally monophyletic, with L . orpheus being the sister to the rest. Internal phylogeny within both L. jason and L. orpheus are geographically structured, while that of L. asterius is not. Temporal analysis of Lupangus evolution using COI-5’ data assessed under slow and fast substitution rate schemes estimated separation of mitochondrial lineages leading to three Lupangus species at about 7–8 Ma and about 1.9–2.1 Ma, respectively. Temporal analyses consistently failed to suggest correlation between the timing of Lupangus evolution and the late Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, thus rejecting the hypothesis of faunal interchanges during the wettest periods of the last million years. Applicability of flightless weevils for dispersal-vicariance analysis is reviewed, and their mostly undocumented and taxonomically entangled diversity in the Tanzanian Eastern Arc Mountains is briefly highlighted.
A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distributions

Marine provinces, founded on contrasting floras or faunas, have been recognized for more than 150 years but were not consistently defined by endemism until 1974. At that time, provinces were based on at least a 10% endemism and nested within biogeographic regions that covered large geographic areas with contrasting biotic characteristics. Over time, some minor adjustments were made but the overall arrangement remained essentially unaltered. In many provinces, data on endemism were still not available, or were available only for the most widely studied vertebrates (fishes), a problem that is ongoing. In this report we propose a realignment for three reasons. First, recent works have provided new information to modify or redefine the various divisions and to describe new ones, including the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Southern Ocean, Tropical East Pacific and Northeast Pacific. Second, phylogeographic studies have demonstrated genetic subdivisions within and between species that generally corroborated provinces based on taxonomic partitions, with a notable exception at the Indian–Pacific oceanic boundary. Third, the original separation of the warm‐temperate provinces from the adjoining tropical ones has distracted from their close phylogenetic relationships. Here we propose uniting warm‐temperate and tropical regions into a single warm region within each ocean basin, while still recognizing provinces within the warm‐temperate and tropical zones. These biogeographic subdivisions are based primarily on fish distribution but utilize other marine groups for comparison. They are intended to demonstrate the evolutionary relationships of the living marine biota, and to serve as a framework for the establishment of smaller ecological units in a conservation context.
Moving across physical and online spaces: a case study in a blended primary classroom

With the introduction of digital tools and online connectivity in primary schools, the shape of teaching and learning is shifting beyond the physical classroom. Drawing on the architecture of productive learning networks framework, we examine the affordances and limitations of an upper primary learning network and focus on how the digital and physical elements involved in set design shape teachers' pedagogical approaches and students' learning processes. The findings suggest that blended spaces support teachers' distributed orchestration of classroom activities across tools and resources while also leveraging students' engagement in reciprocal teaching and collaborative learning.
Therapeutic efficacy of ACT's commitment to the quality of life and reduce symptoms of psychosomatic diseases

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic, pervasive disorder for which we have yet to develop sufficiently efficacious interventions. In this article we propose that recent research and theory regarding this disorder supports the integration of acceptance-based treatments with existing cognitive-behavioral treatments for GAD to improve the efficacy and clinical significance of such approaches. The bases for this proposal (from both the GAD and the acceptance-based treatment literature) are reviewed, and a new treatment stemming from this conceptual integration is described. Effect size estimates suggest that mindfulness-based therapy was moderately effective for improving anxiety (Hedges's g = 0.63) and mood symptoms (Hedges's g = 0.59) from pre- to post treatment in the overall sample. In patients with anxiety and mood disorders, this intervention was associated with effect sizes (Hedges's g) of 0.97 and 0.95 for improving anxiety and mood symptoms, respectively. (Farnaz Dada. Taxonomic Diversity of Understorey Therapeutic efficacy of ACT's commitment to the quality of life and reduce symptoms of psychosomatic diseases. N Y Sci J 2014;7(5):64-71). (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork. 12
Does Education Can Explain Economic Growth? Contribution of Old And New Approach

Does education can explain economic growth? The aim of this study is to find out the impact of education on economic growth with two different approach that is the old approach called Augmented Solow Model (Neoclassical Growth Theory) and newer approach called New Growth Theory. Many research used this two model and found different result, in broad outline there are still two conclusion about impact education on economic growth. First, many researcher still conclude that education is one of important variable that influence economic growth, and vice versa. Apart from the fact that education still give two conclusion, New Growth Theory with TFP serves a broader view about what channel that used by education to influence economic growth that is from diffusion and innovation.
Development of an Access Point Positioning Algorithm under the Changing in Environment and Users’ density Estimation

In many wireless networks a single hop is all that is needed or in fact tolerable. The physical region where network is available is known as a coverage area. Generally, a transmitter and a receiver may exchange data by using one or more intermediate relays. In each case a path through the network must be found whereby each hop has a Signal to Interference Noise Ratio greater than s. There are several ways to describe and compute network connectivity, but at the core, they all need that individual pairs are able to communicate, which is dictated by the SINR. This paper is going to develop an Access Point positioning algorithm by considering the changes of environment and users’ density estimation.