Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Filtration efficiency analysis of fibrous filters: Experimental and theoretical study on the sampling of agglomerate particles emitted from a GDI engine

ABSTRACT Fibrous filters are commonly used for aerosol purification and sampling. The filtration efficiency has been extensively studied using standard aerosol generators, yet the literature on experimental data and theoretical study concerning the filtration of agglomerates from real engines remains scarce. A filtration efficiency test system was developed to determine the filtration efficiency of two types of filters (uncoated and fluorocarbon coated) loaded by particulate matter (PM) emissions from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. The experimental results showed that the filtration efficiency in terms of PM mass and number increased over time for both types of filters. The fractional efficiency (penetration efficiency) curves for the test fibrous filters rendered a U-shaped curve for particle sizes from 70 to 500 nm, and the most penetrating particulate size (MPPS) decreased over time. A small fraction of accumulation mode particles with the size between 70 nm to 500 nm penetrated the filters while almost all nucleation mode particles with the size below 50 nm were captured by the filters. The filtration efficiency derived from an empirical model based on classical single-fiber theory for laden filters generally agreed with the experimental data for the first 500 s, but suffered a significant deviation by approximately one order of magnitude at 948 s. A better estimate of the filtration efficiency trend with the maximum deviation of about 20% (except for large particles at the high end of the measurement spectra) was obtained by using a revised model which incorporates the effects of the increase in filter solidity, local velocity, dynamic shape factor and effective total length of fibers during the filtration process. © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research
Prediction of Liquid–Liquid Flow Patterns in a Y-Junction Circular Microchannel Using Advanced Neural Network Techniques

The flow pattern map for a liquid–liquid system in a 600 μm circular microchannel was experimentally investigated for a varying Y-junction confluence angle (10° to 180°). The experimental results showing the distinguishing nature of transition boundaries were established using graphical interpretation. This paper tries to find a better objective flow pattern indicator for vast amounts of experimental data. Studies have been carried out using significant feed-forward back-propagation networks and radial-basis networks such as artificial neural network–pattern recognition (ANN-PR), artificial neural network–function fitting (ANN-FF), cascade-forward network (CFN), probabilistic neural network (PNN), generalized-regression neural network (GRNN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). From the study, we found that GRNN showed better prediction ability than the other prediction techniques. Discrete- and continuous-time state-space models for the system were also developed using the system identific.
CMAR_A_260147 7867..7873

*These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in blood pressure in patients with concurrent gastric cancer and hypertension after gastrectomy, and to identify the factors that affect the changes in blood pressure. Materials and Methods: Patients with concurrent gastric cancer and hypertension who underwent gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed from January 2013 to December 2018. The preand 6-month postoperative medical records were compared. Predictors for the remission of hypertension were analyzed. Results: A total of 143 patients with concurrent gastric cancer and hypertension were included in this study. The number of patients with complete remission, partial remission and no remission were 67 (46.9%), 12 (8.4%) and 64 (44.7%), respectively. The average of weight and BMI (body mass index) before gastrectomy were 63.0 ± 9.7 kg and 23.4 ± 2.9 kg/ m, respectively, which were significantly higher than those 6-month postgastrectomy: 54.8 ± 9.8 kg and 20.4 ± 3.1 kg/m, respectively (p<0.001). The average number of antihypertensive medications before gastrectomy was 1.5 ± 0.6, while it was 0.8 ± 0.8 6-month postgastrectomy (p<0.001). Age (p<0.05) and the surgical techniques used (p<0.05) were significantly different between partial remission and no remission patients. Furthermore, age (p<0.05) and the surgical techniques used (p<0.05) were significantly different between complete remission and no remission patients. Age (p<0.05, odds ratio =0.933, 95% CI=0.890–0.978) and the surgical techniques used (p<0.05, odds ratio =2.749, 95% CI=1.132–6.677) are predictors for remission of hypertension. Conclusion: Total gastrectomy is an onco-metabolic surgery that can cure younger patients with concurrent gastric cancer and hypertension. Age and the surgical techniques used can predict the remission of hypertension 6 months after gastrectomy.
Music Analysis and Synthesis

- This paper focuses on some of the approaches for music analysis and synthesis. The first step used for music analysis here is separating the sources and recognizing them. The next step is the estimation of perceptual attributes of music namely pitch, tempo and recognition of notes. Finally using the estimated pitch, tempo and notes recognized, a new audio file is synthesized. This audio file is combined with one or more of the original source audio file(s).
Empowering Detection of Malicious Social Bots and Content Spammers on Twitter by Sentiment Analysis

The role of Twitter as a platform to share opinions has been growing in the recent years especially since it has been widely used by public personae such as politicians, personalities of the show business, and other influencers to communicate with the public. For these reasons, the use of social bots to manipulate information and influence people's opinions is also growing. In this paper, we use a supervised classification model to distinguish bots from legitimate users on Twitter. More specifically, we show the importance of sentiment features in bot-human account detection. Moreover, we evaluate our detection model by testing on Russian bot accounts who are the most recent set of social bots that appeared on Twitter to show that these techniques may be easily adapted to work on new, unseen types of social bots.
Effects of Aerosol Size and Coating Thickness on the Molecular Detection using Extractive Electrospray Ionization

Abstract. Extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) is a well-known technique for high throughput online molecular characterization of chemical reaction products and intermediates, detection of native biomolecules, in vivo metabolomics, and environmental monitoring with negligible thermal and ionization-induced fragmentation for over two decades. However, the EESI extraction mechanism remains uncertain. Prior studies disagree whether analyte particles between 20 and 400 nm diameter are fully extracted or if the extraction is limited to the surface layer. Here, we examined the analyte extraction mechanism by assessing the influence of analyte particle size and coating thickness on the detection of the molecules therein. We find that analyte particles are extracted fully: Organics-coated NH4NO3 particles with a fixed core volume (156 and 226 nm in diameter without coating) show constant signals for NH4NO3 independent of the shell coating thickness, while the signals of the secondary organic molecules comprising the shell varied proportionally to the shell volume. We also find that the EESI sensitivity exhibits a strong size dependence, with an increase in sensitivity by one to three orders of magnitude as analyte particle size decreases from 300 nm to 30 nm. This dependence varies with the electrospray (ES) droplet size and the analyte particle residence time in the EESI inlet, suggesting that the EESI sensitivity is influenced by the coagulation rates between analyte particles and ES droplets. Overall, our results indicate that, in the EESI, analyte particles are fully extracted by the ES droplets regardless of the chemical composition, when they are collected by the ES droplets. However, their coalescence is not complete and depends strongly on their size. This size-dependence is especially relevant when EESI is used to probe size-varying analyte particles as is the case in aerosol formation and growth studies with size ranges below 100 nm, while it does not significantly influence the detection of ambient aerosol dominated by particle sizes ranging between 100–2500 nm, i.e. the accumulation mode.
Identifying Critical Projects via PageRank and Truck Factor

Recently, Google’s Open Source team presented the criticality score [1] a metric to assess "influence and importance"1 of a project in an ecosystem from project specific signals, e.g., number of dependents, commit frequency, etc. The community showed mixed reactions towards the score doubting if it can accurately identify critical projects. We share the community’s doubts and we hypothesize, that a combination of PageRank (PR) and Truck Factor (TF) can more accurately identify critical projects than Google’s current Criticality Score (CS). To verify our hypothesis, we conduct an experiment in which we compute the PR of thousands of projects from various ecosystems, such as, Maven (Java), NPM (JavaScript), PyPI (Python), etc., we compute the TFs of the projects with the highest PR in the respective ecosystems, and we compare these to the scores provided by the Google project. Unlike Google’s CS, our approach identifies projects, such as, six and idna from PyPI, com.typesafe:config from Maven, or tap from NPM, as critical projects with high degree of transitive dependents (highest PR) and low amount of core developers (each of them possessing a TF of one).
Genetic diversity and morphological characterisation of three turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L., 1758) populations along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L., 1758) is a valuable commercial fish species classified as endangered. The conservation and sustainability of the turbot populations require knowledge of the population’s genetic structure and constant monitoring of its biodiversity. The present study was performed to evaluate the population structure of turbot along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast using seven pairs of microsatellites, two mitochondrial DNA (COIII and CR) and 23 morphological (15 morphometric and 8 meristic) markers. A total of 72 specimens at three locations were genotyped and 59 alleles were identified. The observed number of alleles of microsatellites was more than the effective number of alleles. The overall mean values of observed (Ho) and expected heterogeneity (He) were 0.638 and 0.685. A high rate of migration between turbot populations (overall mean of Nm = 17.484), with the maximum value (19.498) between Shabla and Nesebar locations, was observed. This result corresponded to the low level of genetic differentiation amongst these populations (overall mean Fst = 0.014), but there was no correlation between genetic and geographical distance. A high level of genetic diversity in the populations was also observed. The average Garza-Williamson M index value for all populations was low (0.359), suggesting a reduction in genetic variation due to a founder effect or a genetic bottleneck. Concerning mitochondrial DNA, a Nature Conservation 43: 123–146 (2021) doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.43. 64195 https://natureconservation.pensoft. net Copyright Petya Ivanova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journal Petya Ivanova et al. / Nature Conservation 43: 123–146 (2021) 124 total number of 17 haplotypes for COIII and 41 haplotypes for CR were identified. The mitochondrial DNA control region showed patterns with high haplotype diversity and very low nucleotide diversity, indicating a significant number of closely-related haplotypes and suggesting that this population may have undergone a recent expansion. Tajima’s D test and Fu’s FS test suggested recent population growth. Pairwise Fst values were very low. The admixture and lack of genetic structuring found pointed to the populations analysed probably belonging to the same genetic unit. Therefore, a proper understanding and a sound knowledge of the level and distribution of genetic diversity in turbot is an important prerequisite for successful sustainable development and conservation strategies to preserve their evolutionary potential.
How catchment characteristics influence hydrological pathways and travel times in a boreal landscape

Understanding travel times and hydrological pathways of rain and snowmelt water transported through the landscape to recipient surface waters is critical in many hydrological and biogeochemical investigations. In this study, a particle-tracking model approach in Mike SHE was used to investigate the pathway and its associated travel time of water in 14 partly nested, long-term monitored boreal subcatchments of the Krycklan catchment (0.12–68 km2). This region is characterized by long and snow-rich winters with little groundwater recharge and highly dynamic runoff during spring snowmelt. The geometric mean of the annual travel time distribution (MTTgeo) for the studied sub-catchments varied from 0.8 to 2.7 years. The variations were related to the different landscape types and their varying hydrological responses during different seasons. Winter MTTgeo ranged from 1.2 to 7.7 years, while spring MTTgeo varied from 0.5 to 1.9 years. The modelled variation in annual and seasonal MTTgeo and the fraction of young water (<3 months) was supported by extensive observations of both δ18O and base cation concentrations in the different streams. The travel time of water to streams was positively correlated with the area coverage of low-conductive silty sediments (r = 0.90, P<0.0001). Catchments with mixed soil–landscape settings typically displayed larger variability in seasonal MTTgeo, as contrasting hydrological responses between different soil types (e.g. peat in mires, till and silty sediments) are integrated. The areal coverage of mires was especially important for the young water contribution in spring (r = 0.96, P<0.0001). The main factor for this was attributed to extensive soil frost in mires, causing considerable overland flow during the snowmelt period. However, this lower groundwater recharge during snowmelt caused mire-dominated catchments to have longer stream runoff MTTgeo than comparable forest catchments in winter. Boreal landscapes are sensitive to climate change, and our results suggest that changes in seasonality are likely to cause contrasting responses in different catchments depending on the dominating landscape type.
Oscillatory Biomedical Signals: Frontiers in Mathematical Models and Statistical Analysis

Herein we describe new frontiers in mathematical modeling and statistical analysis of oscillatory biomedical signals, motivated by our recent studies of network formation in the human brain during the early stages of life and studies forty years ago on cardiorespiratory patterns during sleep in infants and animal models. The frontiers involve new nonlinear-type time–frequency analysis of signals with multiple oscillatory components, and efficient particle filters for joint state and parameter estimators together with uncertainty quantification in hidden Markov models and empirical Bayes inference.
Investigating Effect of Active Learning Activities through Pre and Post Activity Questionnaires and Student Feedback Surveys

Many courses have been traditionally taught in a conventional way following lecture based techniques with minimal hands-on and interactive activities that involve the students in the learning process. Due to raising market demands, employers are seeking graduates with higher logical thinking level skills, team work skills and leadership, complex problem solving and communication capabilities. This necessitates using more student-centered approaches rather than instructor-based focused learning approaches where students are more engaged in the learning environment in class. A set of activities were applied in Applied Fluid Mechanics course to flip it into a more interactive environment class. The activities were graded based on the instructor observations and students’ scores in each activity. The effectiveness of the activities in the proposed course was analyzed using students’ feedback through post-activity surveys, students’ scores and using preand post-activity questionnaires. The study compared the results for three years when the activities were applied against scores when no activities were applied. Based on the overall course grades, students’ performance has improved from one year to another. The individual questionnaires showed different improvement levels ranging from 475% based on scores in pre-and post-questionnaires. Many other skills showed improvements from the students’ perspective in the surveys. The outcomes of the applied activities can help in meeting ABET learning outcomes and course learning outcomes set by the department such as applying engineering knowledge, critical and logical thinking, complex problem solving, communication skills, team work skills in addition to improving students’ learning in an interactive learning environment.
HOW ENERGY MAKES A DIFFERENCE ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF SPACE

According to the theory of relativity, there is no essential distinction between mass and energy. Energy has mass and mass represents energy. Instead of two conservation laws, we have only one, that of mass-energy. (Calaprice, Dyson, and Einstein 2005, 390) In today’s sciences we pay a great deal of attention to the complexity of biological form and ecological formation. Analogies in urban research refer to cities as living (eco)systems, organisms or technological artifacts, which follow the rules of an urban metabolism. All these narratives seem to suggest that all matter (acting and interacting) on earth belong to a complex whole and their physiological characteristics share common organizational physical laws, which are rather dynamic and formless by their nature. A quantitative and qualitative theory for understanding these complexities and the dynamics of such a condensed organization of urban organic and inorganic materialization remains elusive, however, its impact on our planet is explicit and evident in various forms. Currently, most of humanity lives in cities. Their organization of human society and the tendency of cities to grow put ecological pressure on the global environment. The urban realm is an ever-unfolding amalgam of the biosphere and the techno-sphere within a dynamical system of materiality which threatens the concept of static form as an expression of physiological states. This formlessness is rather an expression (and empowering) of emerging patterns than an ambiguous loss of control. This paper argues that developing a new theoretical measure of understanding the materiality of forms, and the formation of the urban realm(s) as the effect of a complex information system of interrelations seems to be necessary. The following text will discuss the trajectory through three major approaches: The philosophical concept of (New) Materialism in relation to discursive formations (a terminology developed by Michel Foucault), the scientific concept of Systems Ecology of Howard T. Odum and the theoretical concept of individuation by Gilbert Simondon (1992). Systems ecology grants a view to dynamism of the physical, chemical, economic, and social forces in the field of urban morphological ensembles—the passive potentialities (energy storage) and the active transgressing forces (energy transfer) governed by the second law of thermodynamics. Odum’s understanding of urban energy cycles bears the potential to unravel the information patterns of an urban organism controlled by time.
Network-On-Chip Topologies: Potentials, Technical Challenges, Recent Advances and Research Direction

Integration technology advancement has impacted the System-on-Chip (SoC) in which heterogeneous cores are supported on a single chip. Based on the huge amount of supported heterogeneous cores, efficient communication between the associated processors has to be considered at all levels of the system design to ensure global interconnection. This can be achieved through a design-friendly, flexible, scalable, and high-performance interconnection architecture. It is noteworthy that the interconnections between multiple cores on a chip present a considerable influence on the performance and communication of the chip design regarding the throughput, end-to-end delay, and packets loss ratio. Although hierarchical architectures have addressed the majority of the associated challenges of the traditional interconnection techniques, the main limiting factor is scalability. Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been presented as a scalable and well-structured alternative solution that is capable of addressing communication issues in the on-chip systems. In this context, several NoC topologies have been presented to support various routing techniques and attend to different chip architectural requirements. This book chapter reviews some of the existing NoC topologies and their associated characteristics. Also, application mapping algorithms and some key challenges of NoC are considered.
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property exhibited by silver nanoparticles stabilized by Adathoda vasica

Adathoda vasica is native to India and is commonly used in a broad variety of medicinal applications. A.vasica is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in India, but there are few reports in the literature of studies on its chemical compositions and biological properties. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant of were evaluated and the total phenolic compounds were determined. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured using hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using inhibition of albumin denaturation. Our findings suggest that silver nanoparticles stabilized by A.vasica possess potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, which could be tested as drug candidates against oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes in medicinal chemistry studies.