Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in disability before and after myocardial infarction in older adults.

BACKGROUND Disability in older adults is thought to occur primarily as a consequence of clinical disease episodes. However, the temporal relationship between clinical disease and disability has received little systematic attention. METHODS Data from a prospective population-based study of 2812 older adults were analyzed to examine changes in disability before and after acute myocardial infarction. Disability outcomes included up to 9 yearly assessments of disability in activities in daily living, disability in basic physical functions, and disability in tasks requiring basic mobility and strength. RESULTS A total of 279 myocardial infarctions occurred during 9 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age and sex, the average yearly increase in disability in activities of daily living and basic physical functions was not significantly greater in the 1-year period after myocardial infarction than in the 3-year period before myocardial infarction (P values >.20). Disability in basic mobility and strength showed a significantly greater increase in the year after myocardial infarction (P = .02). The results did not change after adjustment for comorbidity and chest pain or when restricted to incident cases of myocardial infarction or survivors. An additional exploratory analysis suggested that the rate of increase in some forms of disability may start to accelerate at about 1 year before the event, rather than after the event. CONCLUSIONS The increase in disability after myocardial infarction may form a continuation of increases that occur before the event and challenge commonly held notions about the temporal relationship between clinical disease and disability. Changes in disability before acute disease episodes may be related to subclinical disease.
An Evaluation on Fixed Wing and Multi-Rotor UAV Images Using Photogrammetric Image Processing

This paper has introduced a slope photogrammetric mapping using unmanned aerial vehicle. There are two units of UAV has been used in this study; namely; fixed wing and multi-rotor. Both UAVs were used to capture images at the study area. A consumer digital camera was mounted vertically at the bottom of UAV and captured the images at an altitude. The objectives of this study are to obtain three dimensional coordinates of slope area and to determine the accuracy of photogrammetric product produced from both UAVs. Several control points and checkpoints were established Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) in the study area. All acquired images from both UAVs went through all photogrammetric processes such as interior orientation, exterior orientation, aerial triangulation and bundle adjustment using photogrammetric software. Two primary results were produced in this study; namely; digital elevation model and digital orthophoto. Based on results, UAV system can be used to mapping slope area especially for limited budget and time constraints project. Keywords—Slope mapping; 3D; DEM; UAV; Photogrammetry; image processing.
Towards a more principled compiler: register allocation and instruction selection revisited

Backend optimizations are a critical part of an optimizing compiler. This thesis develops a principled approach for understanding, evaluating, and solving backend optimization problems. Our principled approach is to develop a comprehensive and expressive model of the backend optimization problem, and design solution techniques for this model that achieve or approach optimality. We apply our principled approach to the classical backend optimizations of register allocation and instruction selection. We develop an expressive model of register allocation based on multi-commodity network flow. This model exactly represents the complexities of the target architecture. We design progressive solution techniques for our model. Progressive solution techniques quickly find an initial solution and then improve upon the solution as more time is allotted for compilation. Our progressive allocator allows the programmer to explicitly manage the trade-off between compile-time and code quality. As more time is allowed for compilation, the resulting allocation approaches optimal, and substantial improvements in code quality are obtained. We describe an expressive directed acyclic graph representation of the instruction selection problem and develop a near-optimal, linear-time algorithm that solves the instruction selection problem using this expressive model. Our principled approach to instruction selection results in significant improvements in code quality compared to traditional algorithms. We evaluate our principled approaches to register allocation and instruction selection on a range of architectures and benchmarks. We achieve significant reductions in code size and increases in performance relative to previous approaches. Our results confirm that our principled approach is a major advance in the state of the art of backend optimization.
HLA‐G inhibits the functions of murine dendritic cells via the PIR‐B immune inhibitory receptor

Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G is an MHC class Ib molecule that has been proposed to regulate immune responses during pregnancy. One of the possible mechanisms of that modulation is based on its interaction with immunoglobulin‐like transcript (ILT) receptors. In this study, we show that HLA‐G modifies the function of murine dendritic cells via interactions with the paired immunoglobulin‐like inhibitory receptor, a homologue of the human inhibitory receptor ILT4. Triggering of the immune inhibitory receptors resulted in prolongation of allogeneic graft survival. This demonstration forms the basis for exploring and exploiting HLA‐G molecules and immune inhibitory receptors in the development of a new therapeutic strategy to improve allogeneic graft survival.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION METHODS

The paper aims to analyze how the performance evaluation of different classification models from data mining process. Classification is the most widely used data mining technique of supervised learning. This is the process of identifying a set of features and templates that describe the data classes or concepts. We applied various classification algorithms on different data sets to streamline and improve the algorithm performance.
English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles

Introduction - Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni Part I: Conceptualising EIL 1. An interview with Tom McArthur Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni 2. Global intelligibility and local diversity: possibility or paradox? Jennifer Jenkins, King's College London 3. English as a lingua franca in the expanding circle: what it isn't Barbara Seidlhofer, Vienna University 4. Defining the 'successful bilingual speaker' of English Luke Prodromou, freelance teacher 5. Which model of English: Native-speaker, nativised or lingua franca? Andy Kirkpatrick, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. 6. World Englishes or English as a lingua franca? A view from the perspective of non-Anglo Englishes Peter Tan, Vincent Ooi and Andy Chiang, National University of Singapore. 7. Standard English in the World Anthea Fraser Gupta, University of Leeds. Part II: Pedagogical Implications of EIL 8. EIL curriculum development Sandra McKay, San Francisco State University 9. A multi-dimensional approach to teaching English for the world Brian Tomlinson, Leeds Metropolitan University 10. Teaching EIL - teaching international or intercultural English? What teachers should know Nicos Sifakis, Hellenic Open University, Greece. 11. English as an international language, world Englishes and their conditions of (im)possibility Ruanni Tupas, National University of Singapore 12. English in the world does not mean English everywhere: the case for multilingualism in the ELT/ESL profession Michael Joseph and Esther Ramani, University of the North, South Africa 13. An interview with Suresh Canagarajah Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni.
Knowing who and when to deliver: An optimal stopping method for maritime data scheduling

The exponential growth of services demands on the sea drives the development of prospective maritime wideband networks. In this paper, the transmission of surveillance videos on board via a maritime wideband communication network is investigated. The latest Time Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) and delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) technology are combined to construct a shore based network framework in order to provide a wide-range transmission over the sea. Accordingly, a video data store-carry-and-forward routing topology is utilized, tailoring for the intermittent network connectivity to efficiently deliver the video data. This study proposes a Two-step Time and Energy Oriented Optimal-stopping (TTEOO) algorithm leveraging backward induction method, based on the optimal stopping rules to schedule data delivery, under the constraint of end-to-end delay of video data and energy consumption of DTN throw box. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can achieve low consumption cost and high data delivery ratio for the oversea video transmission applications.
An Analytic Criterion for Turbulent Disruption of Planetary Resonances

Mean motion commensurabilities in multi-planet systems are an expected outcome of protoplanetary disk-driven migration, and their relative dearth in the observational data presents an important challenge to current models of planet formation and dynamical evolution. One natural mechanism that can lead to the dissolution of commensurabilities is stochastic orbital forcing, induced by turbulent density fluctuations within the nebula. While this process is qualitatively promising, the conditions under which mean motion resonances can be broken are not well understood. In this work, we derive a simple analytic criterion that elucidates the relationship among the physical parameters of the system, and find the conditions necessary to drive planets out of resonance. Subsequently, we confirm our findings with numerical integrations carried out in the perturbative regime, as well as direct N-body simulations. Our calculations suggest that turbulent resonance disruption depends most sensitively on the planet–star mass ratio. Specifically, for a disk with properties comparable to the early solar nebula with , only planet pairs with cumulative mass ratios smaller than are susceptible to breaking resonance at semimajor axis of order . Although turbulence can sometimes compromise resonant pairs, an additional mechanism (such as suppression of resonance capture probability through disk eccentricity) is required to adequately explain the largely non-resonant orbital architectures of extrasolar planetary systems.
The Myocardial Cell: Normal Growth, Cardiac Hypertrophy and Response to Injury 1

Development and growth of cardiac muscle tissue is controlled by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Fetal growth is by hyperplasia, is strongly governed by inherent factors and is only slightly modified by external environmental factors. The number of cell divisions is species-dependent and normally stops shortly after birth. Developing blood volume and pressure dictate the hypertrophic stage of normal growth, and this may be further modified by abnormal hemodynamic and humoral factors. Connective tissue, neural and vascular components of the myocardium mature along with the myocyte, and alterations in these structures profoundly affect myocyte function. Hypertrophy beyond normal growth is the response of the myocyte by increased protein synthesis to various stimuli including hemodynamic, humoral and ischemic factors. Injury to normal and hypertrophied myocardium may vary due to structural and metabolic adaptations of hypertrophied tissue, such as connective tissue proliferation, vascular supply alterations and glycolytic metabolic potential. Ischemic effects influence not only cell necrosis, but also hypertrophy and congestive myocardial failure.
Diabetes-related end-stage renal disease in Austria 1965-2013.

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Austria, accounting for a high burden of morbidity and mortality. In this nationwide study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and fate of patients with DKD-ESRD over time. METHODS Data (collected annually) from the Austrian Dialysis- and Transplant Registry were analysed for the development of ESRD due to DKD from 1965 to 2013. RESULTS Over 48 years, 8322 and 22 975 patients with ESRD due to diabetes and non-diabetes, respectively, entered dialysis. While DKD-ESRD-patients were not dialysed until 1974, in 1975 seven type 1- and one type 2-diabetics started dialysis (1.06 per million population-PMP). In the mid-eighties, DKD-ESRD-patients increasingly were accepted for dialysis (1986: 14.53 PMP, 1996: 31.16 PMP). After a peak incidence of 415 diabetic ESRD-patients in 2006 (50.19 PMP), numbers decreased continuously thereafter (2013: 299 patients, 35.73 PMP). Mean age at start of dialysis increased over time and was lower in type 1- and higher in type 2- compared with non-diabetic patients. Five-year-survival-probability in two diabetic ESRD-cohorts, starting in 2007/08 and 10 years earlier was calculated. Five-year-survival was 28% in 1997/98 and 37.5% in 2007/08. Adjusted relative risk reduction was 33% (HR 0.67, CI 95% 0.57-0.78; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite a growing prevalence of diabetes, the incidence of diabetic ESRD has decreased after 2006. Five-year-survival-probability has improved over 10 years. Multifactorial therapeutic interventions may have resulted in this improvement.
Role and cellular source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in hepatic fibrosis

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is required for liver fibrosis. This study investigates the role of NOX in ROS production and the differential contribution of NOX from bone marrow (BM)‐derived and non–BM‐derived liver cells. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) for 21 days or by methionine‐choline‐deficient (MCD) diet for 10 weeks in wild‐type (WT) mice and mice deficient in p47phox (p47phox knockout [KO]), a component of NOX. The p47phox KO chimeric mice were generated by the combination of liposomal clodronate injection, irradiation, and BM transplantation of p47phox KO BM into WT recipients and vice versa. Upon BDL, chimeric mice with p47phox KO BM‐derived cells, including Kupffer cells, and WT endogenous liver cells showed a ∼25% reduction of fibrosis, whereas chimeric mice with WT BM‐derived cells and p47phox KO endogenous liver cells, including hepatic stellate cells, showed a ∼60% reduction of fibrosis. In addition, p47phox KO compared to WT mice treated with an MCD diet showed no significant changes in steatosis and hepatocellular injury, but a ∼50% reduction in fibrosis. Cultured WT and p47phox KO hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids had a similar increase in lipid accumulation. Free fatty acids promoted a 1.5‐fold increase in ROS production both in p47phox KO and in WT hepatocytes. Conclusion: NOX in both BM‐derived and non–BM‐derived cells contributes to liver fibrosis. NOX does not play a role in experimental steatosis and the generation of ROS in hepatocytes, but exerts a key role in fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;)
Therapy resistance by splicing: can the androgen receptor teach us about BRAF?

demonstrating this response were those that would undergo apoptosis in response to PLX4720. These results together suggest a potentially important distinction between melanomas harboring otherwise identical mutations in BRAF. Specifically, the work implies that if a given melanoma activates Wnt signaling (likely by inhibiting levels of AXIN) in response to RAF inhibition, it will be sensitive, whereas those melanomas that fail to do so will be resistant to RAF inhibition from the start of therapy. These findings suggest a somewhat paradoxical approach to cancer treatment: that we should stimulate one oncogenic pathway (Wnt) while inhibiting another (RAF ⁄ MEK ⁄ EFRK) to optimize therapy. Intentionally activating Wnt signaling with therapeutic intent in melanoma would raise controversy, because the Wnt pathway is largely thought to be oncogenic in its own right in this disease. While this approach requires further examination in a wider array of preclinical melanoma models, the work underscores the importance of understanding primary cellular responses to pathway inhibition. The work further underscores the importance of obtaining ‘on treatment’ biopsies per protocol in ongoing trials with agents in melanoma, because understanding how a cancer will respond to a therapy requires knowing the earliest changes in the tumor cell induced by the drug in question. It is only through such an understanding will we be able to further personalize the application of specific therapies beyond genotyping of BRAF.
Why this hospital nursing shortage is different.

HE UNITED STATES IS IN THE MIDST OF A SERIOUS MAjor shortage of registered nurses (RNs). This shortage will culminate in the largest deficit of hospital nurses at a time when the demand for their services will be the greatest, ie, after 2010. Nursing shortages have been a relatively common phenomenon in the United States, occurring on a periodic basis—in the late 1950s, early 1970s, late 1980s, and reemerging at the beginning of this decade. In prior years the solution to the crisis was higher wages, better benefits (including changes in scheduling), and overseas recruitment. However, this nursing shortage is different and the emerging challenge will be much greater. This article describes the quantitative dimensions of the emerging nursing shortage and discusses policy solutions currently advanced for dealing with the problem. This contribution is not intended to provide new data or analysis, but rather is meant to draw new conclusions from the existing data and deepen the analysis. The Current Nursing Shortage It has become commonplace to note that hospital-based nurses “love” their work and “hate” their jobs. This seems to be true for England, Canada, and other countries as well as the United States, as Aiken and colleagues 1 have recently reported. To the extent that this sentiment accurately reflects the dominant view of hospital nursing issues, it seems to indicate that structural features of clinical nursing are serious barriers to job satisfaction. Therefore, attempts to deal with the current nursing shortage simply by increasing the supply of nurses is not likely to be successful. In past nursing shortages, the nub of the problem seemed to be a mismatch between the demands of the market and the difficulties that hospitals encountered in raising wage levels and the willingness of nurse graduates to work for those wages. Today’s problem is more complex because it is really 3 separate, but ultimately related, problems that must be addressed: a declining number of new nurses entering the workforce; attracting new nurses to stay in hospitals; and nurses retiring or leaving the workforce early. The combination of these factors forms the basis of the emerging nurs
On the diversity and richness of understory bryophytes at Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Abstract Background A survey of the understory bryophytes in the Nectandra Cloud Forest Preserve yielded 1083 specimens distributed among 55 families, represented by 74 genera of mosses, 75 genera of liverworts and 3 of hornworts. We studied and analyzed the bryophytic distribution on six types of substrates: 1) corticolous, 2) epiphyllous, 3) saxicolous, 4) terricolous, 5) aquatic and 6) lignicolous. The richness and composition of bryophyte genera are compared to those of other previous bryophyte surveys from 4 other sites with different oceanic exposures, climatic and geographic conditions in Costa Rica. New information This is a report of the first extensive general survey of bryophytes at the Nectandra Reserve, a premontane cloud forest located on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica, an area much less studied compared to the Monteverde cloud forest on the Pacific slope.
Discussion of Valuation of Internet Stocks-An IPO Perspective

The discussion reviews BMS’s analysis of how summary financial data from the IPO prospectus are associated with the IPO offer price and the initial market price. The authors focus on whether the value drivers associated with these prices differ between internet and non-internet firms, and between the offer price and the day one ending price. They conclude that there are differences in the value drivers used to value Internet versus non-Internet firms, and further differences in the value drivers used to arrive at the offer price and the day one ending price. The review raises several concerns about these conclusions. One concern is that the reader confronts a challenge in trying to interpret the differences between the value drivers affecting the offer price and the day one ending price. The review discusses two factors for the reader to consider before interpreting these differences. The review also critiques the paper’s avoidance of disaggregated financial statement information in the value driver analyses and details several research design concerns.
Macrostructural abnormalities in Korsakoff syndrome compared with uncomplicated alcoholism

Objective: To distinguish, in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS), the structural brain abnormalities shared with alcoholic patients without KS (AL), from those specific to KS. Methods: MRI data were collected in 11 alcoholic patients with KS, 34 alcoholic patients without KS, and 25 healthy control subjects (CS). Gray and white matter volumes were compared in the 3 groups using a voxel-based approach. Results: A conjunction analysis indicated a large pattern of shared gray and white matter volume deficits in AL and KS. There were graded effects of volume deficits (KS < AL < CS) in the medial portion of the thalami, hypothalamus (mammillary bodies), left insula, and genu of the corpus callosum. Abnormalities in the left thalamic radiation were observed only in KS. Conclusions: Our results indicate considerable similarities in the pattern of gray and white matter damage in AL and KS. This finding confirms the widespread neurotoxic effect of chronic alcohol consumption. Only a few cerebral regions, including the medial thalami, mammillary bodies, and corpus callosum, were more severely damaged in KS than in AL. The continuum of macrostructural damage from AL to KS is therefore restricted to key brain structures. Longitudinal investigations are required to determine whether alcoholic patients with medial thalamic volumes that are comparable to those of patients with KS are at increased risk of developing KS.