Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury After Primary ACL Reconstruction and Return to Sport

Objective Incidence rate (IR) of an ipsilateral or contralateral injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unknown. The hypotheses were that the IR of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after ACLR would be greater than the IR in an uninjured cohort of athletes and would be greater in female athletes after ACLR than male athletes. Design Prospective case–control study. Setting Regional sports community. Participants Sixty-three subjects who had ACLR and were ready to return to sport (RTS) and 39 control subjects. Independent Variables Second ACL injury and sex. Main Outcome Measures Second ACL injury and athletic exposure (AE) was tracked for 12 months after RTS. Sixteen subjects after ACLR and 1 control subject suffered a second ACL injury. Between- and within-group comparisons of second ACL injury rates (per 1000 AEs) were conducted. Results The IR of ACL injury after ACLR (1.82/1000 AE) was 15 times greater [risk ratio (RR) = 15.24; P = 0.0002) than that of control subjects (0.12/1000AE). Female ACLR athletes demonstrated 16 times greater rate of injury (RR = 16.02; P = 0.0002) than female control subjects. Female athletes were 4 (RR = 3.65; P = 0.05) times more likely to suffer a second ACL injury and 6 times (RR = 6.21; P = 0.04) more likely to suffer a contralateral injury than male athletes. Conclusions An increased rate of second ACL injury after ACLR exists in athletes when compared with a healthy population. Female athletes suffer contralateral ACL injuries at a higher rate than male athletes and seem to suffer contralateral ACL injuries more frequently than graft re-tears. The identification of a high-risk group within a population of ACLR athletes is a critical step to improve outcome after ACLR and RTS.
Why different regions of the retina have different spectral sensitivities: A review of mechanisms and functional significance of intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity in vertebrates

Abstract Vision is used in nearly all aspects of animal behavior, from prey and predator detection to mate selection and parental care. However, the light environment typically is not uniform in every direction, and visual tasks may be specific to particular parts of an animal’s field of view. These spatial differences may explain the presence of several adaptations in the eyes of vertebrates that alter spectral sensitivity of the eye in different directions. Mechanisms that alter spectral sensitivity across the retina include (but are not limited to) variations in: corneal filters, oil droplets, macula lutea, tapeta, chromophore ratios, photoreceptor classes, and opsin expression. The resultant variations in spectral sensitivity across the retina are referred to as intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity (IVSS). At first considered an obscure and rare phenomenon, it is becoming clear that IVSS is widespread among all vertebrates, and examples have been found from every major group. This review will describe the mechanisms mediating differences in spectral sensitivity, which are in general well understood, as well as explore the functional significance of intraretinal variability, which for the most part is unclear at best.
A new interpretation of the far-infrared – radio correlation and the expected breakdown at high redshift

Context. Observations of galaxies up to z � 2 show a tight correlation between far-infrared and radio continuum emission, suggesting a relation between star formation activity and magnetic fields in the presence of cosmic rays. Aims. We explain the far-infrared - radio continuum correlation by relating star formation and magnetic field strength in terms of turbulent magnetic field amplification, where turbulence is injected by supernova explosions from massive stars. We assess the potential evolution of this relation at high redshift, and explore the impact on the far-infrared – radio correlation. Methods. We calculate the expected amount of turbulence in galaxies based on their star formation rates, and infer the expected magnetic field strength due to turbulent dynamo amplification. We calculate the timescales for cosmic ray energy losses via synchrotron emission, inverse Compton scattering, ionization and bremsstrahlung emission, probing up to which redshift strong synchrotron emission can be maintained. Results. We find that the correlation between star formation rate and magnetic field strength in the local Universe can be understood as a result of turbulent magnetic field amplification. The ratio of radio to far-infrared surface brightness is expected to increase with total field strength. A continuation of the correlation is expected towards high redshifts. If the typical gas density in the interstellar medium increases at high z, we expect an increase of the magnetic field strength and the radio emission, as indicated by current observations. Such an increase would imply a modification, but not a breakdown of the far-infrared – radio correlation. We expect a breakdown at the redshift when inverse Compton losses start dominating over synchrotron emission. For a given star formation surface density, we calculate the redshift where the far-infrared – radio correlation will break down, yielding z � (�SFR/0.0045 M⊙ kpc −2 yr −1 ) 1/(6−�/2) . In
Chronic Tonsillitis and its Relation with Childhood Asthma

: Objective: Chronic tonsillitis and childhood asthma, both are common childhood diseases, and it’s not surprising to think of an association between the two by otolaryngologists treating chronic tonsillitis in children. Methods: A total of 500 children, aged 4–17 years, either reporting to OPD, Dept of ENT, or admitted in the Dept of Otolaryngology, during the period January’2011 and January’2013 were surveyed using the ISAAC questionnaire; and tonsils were evaluated by physical examination. Results: A total of 446 questionnaires were completed giving an overall response rate of 89.2%. The prevalence of lifetime wheezing, 12-month wheezing and lifetime doctor-diagnosed asthma were 16.4%, 6.2% and 1.7%, respectively. The prevalence of frequent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy were 19.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Tonsillar hypertrophy was positively correlated with a history of frequent tonsillitis. Conclusion: - Frequent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy could be evaluated as risk factors for asthma due to their significant association with asthma-related symptoms. And thus, it is expected that this study would be a suitable baseline source for future trends on the prevalence, diagnoses and severity of asthma among 4–17 year old children.
Data models, database languages and database management systems

Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the data models database languages and database management systems book. You can open the device and get the book by on-line.
Developing and deploying a carrier-class sdn-centric network management system for a tier 1 service provider network

Software-defined networking (SDN) has considerably shaken the telecommunications industry, with almost every major vendor upgrading their product portfolio and all providers building use cases to inculcate the SDN concept. Significant collaborative activity is underway toward a common set of SDN standards. However, with a huge amount of existing network gear, one question remains: How should providers adopt SDN given the existing infrastructure? To this end, we have developed a well-standardized technology with minor tweaks and created a hardware paradigm whose forwarding plane conforms to carrierclass standards, but whose control plane caters to the SDN philosophy. This paper discusses our experience building such a control plane and its subsequent deployment. We describe the design and implementation of a network management system (NMS) for carrier-class networks using carrier Ethernet manifestations. The management system subscribes to the SDN philosophy, thereby facilitating user-control-based provisioning and service definitions. A centralized controller communicates with carrier Ethernet switch routers (CESRs) that provision services based on multiple identifiers such as IPv6, IPv4, MAC, CTAG/STAG, and port-based identifiers. In this paper, we describe the design of the controller in the NMS and the control state-machine in the CESR, as well as their interactions. The paper details the concepts underlying the SDN system as well as its module-level and service-level implementation aspects. Our key contribution is that the CESR we built along with the SDN NMS is put to the test in a tier 1 provider network, thereby facilitating real network performance measurement. A citywide network was built and we present its results in this paper.
Successful Management of Multifactorial Colitis in a Recipient of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Case Report

Recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant can develop life-threatening complications at any time following their transplants. These complications require repeated clinical assessment, appropriate and thorough screening as well as a comprehensive management approach. We report a young adult male who received a sibling allograft in the second complete remission of his acute lymphoblastic leukemia at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh. The patient developed severe colitis which was caused by: acute exacerbation of chronic graft versus host disease of the lower gastrointestinal tract, cytomegalovirus disease of the colon and a superadded Salmonella infection caused by food poisoning. The multifactorial colitis was properly investigated and successfully managed. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multifactorial colitis in a recipient of hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
Evaluation of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in colorectal cancer

Background and Objectives: Information on cellular proliferation is gaining importance for predicting prognosis in several cancers. To clarify the clinicopathological significance of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and DNA ploidy pattern, we studied their correlations with clinicopathological factors in colorectal cancer.
Perioperative Troponin Screening

Myocardial injury is the most common cause of death during the 30 days after noncardiac surgery. Only 14% of patients who are experiencing a perioperative myocardial infarction will have chest pain, and 65% are entirely clinically silent, which means that they will go undetected without routine troponin screening. Although it is tempting to dismiss asymptomatic troponin elevation, mortality is similar with and without symptoms. Furthermore, mortality at 30 days in patients who have postoperative troponin elevation is a concerning 10%, which represents a 5-fold increase from background risk. Among inpatients ≥45 years of age who are having noncardiac surgery, the number necessary to screen to detect myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, that would otherwise be missed, is only about 15 patients. Thus, troponin screening seems appropriate for most surgical inpatients who are ≥45 years of age. Potential acute interventions include initiating therapy such as aspirin, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor antihypertensives, along with chronic lifestyle improvements such as smoking cessation, healthful eating, and exercise.
The Effects of a Computer-Assisted Interview Tool on Data Quality

Although computer-assisted interview tools have much potential, little empirical evidence on the quality and quantity of data generated by these tools has been collected. In this study we compared the effects of using Virre, a computer-assisted self-interview tool, with the effects of using other data collection methods, such as written responding and face-to-face interviewing, on data quantity and quality. An intra-sample, counter-balanced, repeated-measures experiment was used with 20 students enrolled in a computer science education program. It was found that there were significantly more words and unique clauses per response in the Virre condition than in the written response condition; however, the odds of avoiding in-depth responding were much greater in the Virre condition than in the written response condition. The effect sizes observed in this study indicated that there was a greater quantity of data and a higher rate of response avoidance during Virre data collection than what would have been expected, based on previous literature, during face-to-face data collection. Although these results statistically generalize to our sample only, these results indicate that audio-visual, computer-assisted self-interviewing can yield as high, or higher, quality of data as other commonly-used data collection methods.
Survey On Hypervisors

Virtual machines are increasing in popularity and are being widely adopted. The concept of a virtual machine is however not new. Hypervisors are also popular from the perspective of security as a means of isolation and inspection. This paper attempts to understand the functioning of a hypervisor and how it can be leveraged for security. First, an overview of different hypervisor architectures is presented through articles and online resources. Next, the paper discusses the Hyper-V hypervisor architecture and its security guidelines are analyzed. Finally, recent research in the area of hypervisor security is analyzed. Research into the security of hypervisors is limited. Most security research is concentrated in the cloud platform where hypervisors plays a prominent role. As an evaluation of security, some security bugs reported for the Hyper-V system and the corresponding mitigation strategies used are also discussed.
Down‐regulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in human ovarian cancer cells exposed to adriamycin and ultraviolet radiation

Germ‐line mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes pre‐dispose women to develop cancers of the breast and ovary, but the biologic functions of these genes remains unclear. We have investigated the responses of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene products to cytotoxic agents in 3 human ovarian cancer cell lines: SK‐OV‐3 (which contains a p53 deletion mutation), CAOV‐3 (which over‐expresses a mutant p53) and PA‐1 (which expresses wild‐type p53). In screening studies, we determined the effects of 7 different agents on BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression. We found that Adriamycin (ADR) and ultraviolet (UV)radiation significantly down‐regulated BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA expression in SK‐OV‐3 cells. On the other hand, camptothecin, nitrogen mustard, taxol, vincristine and etoposide had no effect on BRCA1 or BRCA2 mRNA levels at doses that yielded degrees of cytotoxicity similar to or greater than ADR. The down‐regulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNAs was dose and time dependent; significant down‐regulation was first observed at 8–16 hr after exposure to ADR. BRCA1 protein levels were also down‐regulated following treatment of SK‐OV‐3 cells with ADR. Similar results were observed in CAOV‐3 and PA‐1 cells treated with ADR, and this finding could not be directly attributed to ADR‐induced changes in the cell cycle distribution. The ADR doses required for significant decreases of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were about 10–15, 5–10 and 2 μM, respectively, for SK‐OV‐3, CAOV‐3 and PA‐1; the IC50 doses for loss of cell viability (determined by Trypan blue dye exclusion) were 23, 14 and 0.4 μM, respectively. Thus, at equitoxic doses of ADR, PA‐1 cells were more resistant to down‐regulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 than SK‐OV‐3 or CAOV‐3. Our findings suggest that 1) BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression in human ovarian cancer cell lines is selectively down‐regulated by 2 DNA‐damaging agents (ADR and UV radiation); 2) these responses are not due to non‐specific cytotoxicity; and 3) the BRCA1 and BRCA2 responses may be dependent, in part, on the p53 functional status of the cells. We speculate that the down‐regulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 may be part of a cellular survival response activated by certain forms of DNA damage. Int. J. Cancer 77:600–609, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative tumor apoptosis imaging using technetium-99m-HYNIC annexin V single photon emission computed tomography.

PURPOSE Radiolabeled annexin V may allow for repetitive and selective in vivo identification of apoptotic cell death without the need for invasive biopsy. This study reports on the relationship between quantitative technetium-99m- (99mTc-) 6-hydrazinonicotinic (HYNIC) radiolabeled annexin V tumor uptake, and the number of tumor apoptotic cells derived from histologic analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients (18 men, two women) suspected of primary (n = 19) or recurrent (n = 1) head and neck carcinoma were included. All patients underwent a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan, 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tomography, and subsequent surgical resection of the suspected primary or recurrent tumor. Quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V uptake in tumor lesions divided by the tumor volume, derived from CT, was related to the number of apoptotic cells per tumor high-power field derived from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays performed on sectioned tumor slices. RESULTS Diagnosis was primary head and neck tumor in 18 patients, lymph node involvement of a cancer of unknown primary origin in one patient, and the absence of recurrence in one patient. Mean percentage absolute tumor uptake of the injected dose per cubic centimeter tumor volume derived from tomographic images was 0.0003% (standard deviation [SD], 0.0004%) at 1 hour postinjection (PI) and 0.0001% (SD, 0.0000%) at 5 to 6 hours PI (P =.012). Quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tumor uptake correlated well with the number of apoptotic cells if only tumor samples with no or minimal amounts of necrosis were considered. CONCLUSION In the absence of necrosis, absolute 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tumor uptake values correlate well with the number of apoptotic cells derived from TUNEL assays.
Efficacy and Concentration-Response of Murine Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody in Tumor-Bearing Mice and Extrapolation to Humans

The development of a neovascular supply (angiogenesis) is a major aspect of tumorigenesis. Recent work has indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that an anti-VEGF antibody is capable of suppressing the growth of human tumor cell lines. The following study was conducted in tumor-bearing nude mice to evaluate the concentration-response relationship of murine anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (muMAb VEGF) so that an efficacious plasma concentration of the recombinant humanized form (rhuMAb VEGF) in cancer patients could be estimated. (This study was included in our Investigational New Drug application to support the clinical dosing regimen and projected human safety factors for the toxicology program.) Additionally, the growth dynamics of the tumors were evaluated as a function of dose to explore whether a mechanismic interpretation of tumor growth inhibition by muMAb VEGF is possible. On day 1, A673 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (2 X 106 cells/mouse) were injected subcutaneously in 188 beige nude mice (16-24 g). Treatment with muMAb VEGF (0.05-5.0 mg/kg; n = 24/group), phosphate-buffered saline (n = 10), or anti-gp120 isotype-matched control antibody (5.0 mg/kg; n =10) began 24 hr later. Each animal received intraperitoneal injections of test material twice weekly for 4 wk. Immediately prior to each dose, 2 mice from each muMAb VEGF group were selected randomly, and plasma was collected for pharmacokinetic evaluation; at the end of the study, samples were collected from all animals for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Tumor dimensions were recorded weekly, and at the end of the study, tumor weight and dimensions were recorded. Satisfactory tumor suppression in nude mice was achieved at muMAb VEGF doses of ≥2.5 mg/kg, where the average trough muMAb VEGF plasma concentration was 30 μg/ml (concentrations in individual animals >10 μg/ml). Assuming the pharmacokinetics of rhuMAb VEGF in patients will resemble the pharmacokinetics of a similar humanized anticancer monoclonal antibodies, a clinical dosing regimen was designed to maintain the rhuMAb VEGF plasma concentration in this efficacious range. This study shows an approach that can be used to estimate a human dosing regimen from preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data. Because we have just initiated clinical trials with rhuMAb VEGF, we cannot judge clinical outcome in relation to these preclinical predictions; nonetheless, it is hoped that by sharing our approach and thought processes with other investigators we can assist the discovery and development of anticancer therapeutics.
NLG301 at SemEval-2017 Task 5: Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis on Financial Microblogs and News

Short length, multi-targets, target relation-ship, monetary expressions, and outside reference are characteristics of financial tweets. This paper proposes methods to extract target spans from a tweet and its referencing web page. Total 15 publicly available sentiment dictionaries and one sentiment dictionary constructed from training set, containing sentiment scores in binary or real numbers, are used to compute the sentiment scores of text spans. Moreover, the correlation coeffi-cients of the price return between any two stocks are learned with the price data from Bloomberg. They are used to capture the relationships between the interesting tar-get and other stocks mentioned in a tweet. The best result of our method in both sub-task are 56.68% and 55.43%, evaluated by evaluation method 2.
Cross-linguistic perception in infancy: early effects of linguistic experience

ABSTRACT The possibility that early linguistic experience affects infant speech perception was investigated in a cross-linguistic study with naturally produced speech stimuli. Using the Visually Reinforced Infant Speech Discrimination paradigm, three contrasts were presented to Spanish-and English-learning infants 6–8 months of age. Both groups of infants showed statistically significant discrimination of two contrasts, English and Czech. Only the Spanish-learning infants provided evidence of discrimination of the Spanish contrast. The groups discriminated the English contrast at similarly high levels, but the Spanish-learning infants showed significantly higher performance than the English on both the Spanish and the Czech contrast. The results indicate that early experience does affect early discrimination, and further (since the stimuli were natural) that the effect may be of practical consequence in language learning.