Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing, Consulting, Reporting Heuristics in Professional Decision-Making Regarding Suspected Child Maltreatment in Community Healthcare Services

This study investigated child protection decision-making practices of healthcare-professionals in community-health-services. We examined the effect of heuristics in professional judgments regarding suspected maltreatment, as affected by the child’s ethnicity, gender, and family socioeconomic-status, as well as the healthcare-worker’s workload-stress, and personal and professional background. Furthermore, we examined how these variables influence judgments regarding suspected maltreatment and intentions to consult and report child-maltreatment. We used an experimental survey design including vignettes manipulating the child’s characteristics. Data was collected from 412 professionals employed at various community-health-service-clinics of the largest health-management organization in northern Israel. Findings show that all subjective factors have a significant effect on suspected child-maltreatment assessment, which appears as a significant predictor of later decisions regarding consultation and reporting. This study lends support to prior research indicating that healthcare-professionals’ decisions may incorporate biases, and suggests how the effects of these biases’ are mediated through a sequence of decisions. Recommendations focus on providing regular consultation opportunities for practitioners.
Bioconversion of pentose sugars into ethanol: A review and future directions

Hemicelluloses, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, are well suited for ethanol production due to their enormous availability, low cost and environmental benign process. The major fraction in hemeicelluloses is pentosans and the conversion of pentosans to ethanol is problematic. To get the process economized, the conversion of hemicellulose to ethanol with a satisfactory yield is necessary. In recent years, significant advances have been made towards the technology of pentosans to ethanol conversion. However, there are technical and economical impediments to the development of commercially viable processes utilizing hemicellulosic derived sugars. This article provides an overview of the new insights in pentose sugars conversion into ethanol, pentoses resources, microorganisms and the technology.
Surimi from Fillet Frames of Channel Catfish

Surimi was prepared with channel catfish mince recovered from fillet frames. The deboned meat was washed once, twice, or three times with water for surimi processing. Unwashed mince was also blended with cryoprotectants for surimi processing. Heat-induced gels were prepared using washed or unwashed catfish surimi with or without starch. Results indicated no differences (P>0.05) in textural properties and Hunter color values due to number of washes in those gels prepared with washed surimi. Differences (P<0.05) in proximate composition, textural properties and Hunter color values were found between gels prepared with washed and unwashed surimi.
Old and New Approaches to Animal Cognition: There Is Not “One Cognition”

Using the comparative approach, researchers draw inferences about the evolution of cognition. Psychologists have postulated several hypotheses to explain why certain species are cognitively more flexible than others, and these hypotheses assume that certain cognitive skills are linked together to create a generally “smart” species. However, empirical findings suggest that several animal species are highly specialized, showing exceptional skills in single cognitive domains while performing poorly in others. Although some cognitive skills may indeed overlap, we cannot a priori assume that they do across species. We argue that the term “cognition” has often been used by applying an anthropocentric viewpoint rather than a biocentric one. As a result, researchers tend to overrate cognitive skills that are human-like and assume that certain skills cluster together in other animals as they do in our own species. In this paper, we emphasize that specific physical and social environments create selection pressures that lead to the evolution of certain cognitive adaptations. Skills such as following the pointing gesture, tool-use, perspective-taking, or the ability to cooperate evolve independently from each other as a concrete result of specific selection pressures, and thus have appeared in distantly related species. Thus, there is not “one cognition”. Our argument is founded upon traditional Darwinian thinking, which—although always at the forefront of biology—has sometimes been neglected in animal cognition research. In accordance with the biocentric approach, we advocate a broader empirical perspective as we are convinced that to better understand animal minds, comparative researchers should focus much more on questions and experiments that are ecologically valid. We should investigate nonhuman cognition for its own sake, not only in comparison to the human model.
Treatment dose in post-stroke aphasia: A systematic scoping review

ABSTRACT Little is known about how the amount of treatment a person with aphasia receives impacts aphasia recovery following stroke, yet this information is vital to ensure effective treatments are delivered efficiently. Furthermore, there is no standard dose terminology in the stroke rehabilitation or aphasia literature. This scoping review aims to systematically map the evidence regarding dose in treatments for post-stroke aphasia and to explore how treatment dose is conceptualized, measured and reported in the literature. A comprehensive search was undertaken in June 2019. One hundred and twelve intervention studies were reviewed. Treatment dose (amount of treatment) has been conceptualized as both a measure of time and a count of discrete therapeutic elements. Doses ranged from one to 100 hours, while some studies reported session doses of up to 420 therapeutic inputs per session. Studies employ a wide variety of treatment schedules (i.e., session dose, session frequency, and intervention duration) and the interaction of dose parameters may impact the dose–response relationship. High dose interventions delivered over short periods may improve treatment efficiency while maintaining efficacy. Person- and treatment-level factors that mediate tolerance of high dose interventions require further investigation. Systematic exploration of dose–response relationships in post-stroke aphasia treatment is required. Video Abstract Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
« L'oubli : théories et mécanismes potentiels »

Les mecanismes cellulaires et moleculaires de l’acquisition et de la memorisation sont extremement complexes et mal compris. Ceux de l’oubli le sont moins encore, mais plusieurs theories ont ete formulees pour tenter d’en expliquer les causes et les origines. De recentes decouvertes ont revele que l’oubli a des mecanismes et une base anatomique specifiques, distincts de ceux de l’apprentissage et de la memoire, mais faisant intervenir des proteines communes. Ils semblent dependre en grande partie des proteine phosphatases, des enzymes abondantes dans le cerveau et capables de controler de nombreuses cibles biochimiques dans les cellules nerveuses. La formation de la memoire, quant a elle, est assuree surtout par des proteines kinases. Memoire et oubli sont en fait regis par un equilibre entre phosphatases et kinases qui determine l’efficacite de l’apprentissage et la persistance des souvenirs. Cet article presente un bref apercu des connaissances actuelles sur l’oubli. Elle recapitule ses principales caracteristiques et resume certaines des decouvertes les plus recentes faites sur ses mecanismes potentiels.
Book Review

Over the last few decades, growing scholarly attention has been devoted to the comparative study of urban political leadership. One specific line of inquiry probes the changing institutional conditions faced by mayors as political leaders, and the deployment of entrepreneurial strategies to cope with this shifting environment (Greasly & Stoker, 2009). Eleonora Pasotti’s Political Branding in Cities contributes to and extends this literature. First, the book adds substantially to our understanding of this area by introducing the concept of brand politics as a specific mayoral regime. Branding, Pasotti argues, is an alternative form of voter mobilisation, (temporarily) replacing political machines (which thrived on the classic patronage logic of a trade-off of votes for material incentives) as a mechanism for mass integration. Political machines are waning in a context of crisis, corruption and under-performance, with fiscal austerity and institutional engineering towards directly elected, strong mayors acting as catalysts and levers for change. This strategy thrives on a direct plebiscite for a unifying brand for a city, personified by a mayoral entrepreneur providing valueorientated incentives in exchange for electoral endorsement. Branding evokes a new notion of politics based not on the rational calculation of maximising patronage benefits but rather on the symbolic (and partly emotional) sense of belonging and contributing to a common identity. Pasotti analyses the use of branding on three levels: as an electoral strategy; in terms of discourse, and the mobilisation of public opinion; and with regard to the substance of policy programmes. Although she acknowledges that entrepreneurial mayors are somewhat constrained by the necessity to build branding strategies on existing but diffuse and unarticulated demands, her analysis is predominantly orientated to the supply-side of the branding process (without entirely neglecting the voter perspective). By focusing on the thinking and acting of the mayor (and his immediate environment), agency is also implicitly emphasised over structure (although the latter is explicitly highlighted in delineating the settings in which entrepreneurs may rise). The book is empirically underpinned by its depiction of the cases of three text-book brand mayors: Antonio Bassolino of Naples, Antanas Mockus of Bogotá (a highly particular case in various meanings of the word) and Richard Daley II of Chicago. With any discussion of a new concept where the arguments are based on a limited number of cases, even where these are analysed in depth, there will be questions about validity and reliability, evoking some critical thoughts. To Pasotti’s credit, Local Government Studies Vol. 36, No. 5, 715–717, October 2010
Home Ranges and Habitat Use of Sloth Bears Melursus Ursinus Inornatus in Wasgomuwa National Park, Sri Lanka

Abstract We studied home ranges and habitat selection of 10 adult sloth bears Melursus ursinus inornatus at Wasgomuwa National Park, Sri Lanka during 2002-2003. Very little is known about the ecology and behaviour of M. u. inornatus, which is a subspecies found in Sri Lanka. Our study was undertaken to assess space and habitat requirements typical of a viable population of M. u. inornatus to facilitate future conservation efforts. We captured and radio-collared 10 adult sloth bears and used the telemetry data to assess home-range size and habitat use. Mean 95% fixed kernel home ranges were 2.2 km2 (SE = 0.61) and 3.8 km2 (SE = 1.01) for adult females and males, respectively. Although areas outside the national park were accessible to bears, home ranges were almost exclusively situated within the national park boundaries. Within the home ranges, high forests were used more and abandoned agricultural fields (chenas) were used less than expected based on availability. Our estimates of home-range size are among the smallest reported for any species of bear. Thus, despite its relatively small size, Wasgomuwa National Park may support a sizeable population of sloth bears. The restriction of human activity within protected areas may be necessary for long-term viability of sloth bear populations in Sri Lanka as is maintenance of forest or scrub cover in areas with existing sloth bear populations and along potential travel corridors.
The role of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: Given the huge burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF-related stroke in Asia, stroke prevention represents an urgent issue in this region. We herein performed a network meta-analysis to examine the role of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in Asian patients with AF. Methods: A systematic search of the publications was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases for eligible studies until July 2019. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were regarded as the effect estimates. The surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) for the ranking probabilities was calculated. Results: A total of 17 studies were included. For comparisons of NOACs vs warfarin, dabigatran (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.86), rivaroxaban (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.65–0.81), apixaban (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.49–0.65), but not edoxaban reduced the risk of stroke or systemic embolism, wheres dabigatran (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.41–0.76), rivaroxaban (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.86), apixaban (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.36–0.66), and edoxaban (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.24–0.49) decreased the risk of major bleeding. In reducing the risk of stroke or systemic embolism, apixaban and rivaroxaban ranked the best and second best (SUCRA 0.2% and 31.4%, respectively), followed by dabigatran (50.2%), edoxaban (75.2%), and warfarin (93.0%). In reducing the risk of major bleeding, edoxaban, and apixaban ranked the best and second best (1.5% and 30.8%, respectively), followed by dabigatran (48.4%), rivaroxaban (69.2%), and warfarin (100%). Conclusion: NOACs were at least as effective as warfarin, but more safer in Asians with AF. Apixaban was superior to other NOACs for reducing stroke or systemic embolism, while edoxaban showed a better safety profile than other NOACs.
Nanoparticle Recognition on Scanning Probe Microscopy Images Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning

Identifying, counting and measuring particles is an important component of many research studies. Images with particles are usually processed by hand using a software ruler. Automated processing, based on conventional image processing methods (edge detection, segmentation, etc.) are not universal, can only be used on good-quality images and need to set a number of parameters empirically. In this paper, we present results from the application of deep learning to automated recognition of metal nanoparticles deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite on images obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We used the Cascade Mask-RCNN neural network. Training was performed on a dataset containing 23 STM images with 5157 nanoparticles. Three images containing 695 nanoparticles were used for verification. As a result, the trained neural network recognized nanoparticles in the verification set with 0.93 precision and 0.78 recall. Predicted contour refining with 2D Gaussian function was a proposed option. The accuracies for mean particle size calculated from predicted contours compared with ground truth were in the range of 0.87–0.99. The results were compared with outcomes from other generally available software, based on conventional image processing methods. The advantages of deep learning methods for automatic particle recognition were clearly demonstrated. We developed a free open-access web service “ParticlesNN” based on the trained neural network, which can be used by any researcher in the world.
Association of job stress, CLOCK gene polymorphism and their interaction with poor sleep quality

Job stress and the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene could affect circadian rhythm and sleep quality. The main aim of our present study was to investigate the association of job stress, CLOCK gene polymorphism and their interaction with sleep quality in a non‐clinical Chinese Han population, which has not been reported to date. Using a cross‐sectional design, 450 subjects were recruited in Beijing. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and job stress was measured with the Work Stress Scale. CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism was genotyped in 297 blood samples. Correlation analysis showed a close but different association of high job stress with the PSQI and its components. Analysis of variance showed significant main effects of the CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism. G‐allele carriers had a higher score in the PSQI, sleep duration, sleep latency and sleep disturbances. Further interaction analyses showed an ordinal interaction on sleep duration, and a disordinal interaction on daytime dysfunction. Specifically, G‐allele carriers had poorer sleep duration than AA homozygotes when in high job stress, while the two subgroups displayed similar sleep duration when in low job stress, conforming to the diathesis–stress model. In comparison to G‐allele carriers, AA homozygotes experienced less daytime dysfunction when in low job stress whereas more daytime dysfunction when in high job stress, fitting with the differential susceptibility model. As genetic links have been revealed, our investigation might be conducive for elucidating aetiological factors for sleep quality and targets for implementing interventions to attain good sleep quality.
Bio-residual activity of selected biopesticides in comparison with the conventional insecticide dursban against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Spinosad has unique mode of action coupled with a high degree of activity on targeted pests. However, it has low toxicity to nontarget organisms lead up to make it as an excellent new tool for management of insect pests. Here, we evaluated the bio-residual activity of 3 biopesticides, SpinTor, Echotech Bio, and Neemix, in comparison with Dursban on 2 and 4 instars larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) after 24 and 48 h feeding. As a result, against 2 instar larvae, after 24 or 48 h feeding period, Dursban exhibited the highest LT50 and LT90 values, followed by SpinTor. However, Ecotech Bio showed the lowest values. Further, against 4 th instar larvae, after 24 or 48 h feeding period, Dursban exhibited the highest values of LT50 and LT90 followed by SpinTor whereas, Neemix showed the significantly lowest values. Ecotech bio was completely ineffective against the 4 instar larvae of S. littoralis. Against 2 and/or 4 instars larvae, SpinTor showed the highest initial kill and longest residual effect among the 3 biopesticides tested.
Effect of sodium lactate and sodium acetate on shelf-life of raw chicken breasts

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium lactate and sodium acetate on the microbiological population and shelf-life of raw chicken breasts. In both experiments, raw chicken breasts were randomly subjected to treatments containing 0, 0.87 or 1.74% sodium lactate or 1.74% sodium acetate, 3.48% sodium acetate, or the combination of 1.74% sodium lactate and 1.74% sodium acetate. All treatments contained sodium phosphate, sodium chloride and varied levels of distilled water. Samples were refrigerated (2 to 3°C) and aerobic plate counts (APC) were conducted every 3 days. The experimental period was Exp. 1, 0 to 14 days and Exp. 2, 0 to 39 days. In Exp. 1, sodium acetate lowered APC (P < 0.05) in samples at days 3, 6 and 14 compared to the control. Either 0.87 or 1.74% sodium acetate was most effective at controlling bacteria growth. In Exp. 2, the addition of 1.74 or 3.48% sodium acetate alone or in combination with sodium lactate had lower APC (P < 0.05) than 1.74% sodium lactate and control samples. The combination of 1.74% sodium lactate and 1.74% sodium acetate was the most effective in reducing bacterial growth from days 3 to 15. In both experiments, sodium acetate was the most effective in inhibiting microbial growth. Key words: Chicken breast, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, shelf-life.
Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites: Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Advances

Beyond their significant contribution to the dietary and industrial supplies, marine algae are considered to be a potential source of some unique metabolites with diverse health benefits. The pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol homeostasis, protein clearance and anti-amyloidogenic potentials of algal metabolites endorse their protective efficacy against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired proteostasis which are known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders and the associated complications after cerebral ischemia and brain injuries. As was evident in various preclinical studies, algal compounds conferred neuroprotection against a wide range of neurotoxic stressors, such as oxygen/glucose deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, glutamate, amyloid β, or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and, therefore, hold therapeutic promise for brain disorders. While a significant number of algal compounds with promising neuroprotective capacity have been identified over the last decades, a few of them have had access to clinical trials. However, the recent approval of an algal oligosaccharide, sodium oligomannate, for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease enlightened the future of marine algae-based drug discovery. In this review, we briefly outline the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries for identifying the targets of pharmacological intervention, and then review the literature on the neuroprotective potentials of algal compounds along with the underlying pharmacological mechanism, and present an appraisal on the recent therapeutic advances. We also propose a rational strategy to facilitate algal metabolites-based drug development.
Fault Detection, Isolation, Identification and Recovery (FDIIR) Methods for Automotive Perception Sensors Including a Detailed Literature Survey for Lidar

Perception sensors such as camera, radar, and lidar have gained considerable popularity in the automotive industry in recent years. In order to reach the next step towards automated driving it is necessary to implement fault diagnosis systems together with suitable mitigation solutions in automotive perception sensors. This is a crucial prerequisite, since the quality of an automated driving function strongly depends on the reliability of the perception data, especially under adverse conditions. This publication presents a systematic review on faults and suitable detection and recovery methods for automotive perception sensors and suggests a corresponding classification schema. A systematic literature analysis has been performed with focus on lidar in order to review the state-of-the-art and identify promising research opportunities. Faults related to adverse weather conditions have been studied the most, but often without providing suitable recovery methods. Issues related to sensor attachment and mechanical damage of the sensor cover were studied very little and provide opportunities for future research. Algorithms, which use the data stream of a single sensor, proofed to be a viable solution for both fault detection and recovery.