Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-dependent deformation mechanisms in hollow silicon nanoparticles

Even inherently brittle hollow silicon nanoparticles (NPs) can withstand larger strain to failure than solid NPs. However, the influence of wall thickness on the mechanical behavior of hollow Si NPs is not fully understood. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the compressive behavior of hollow Si NPs. Three distinct failure mechanisms of hollow NPs are uncovered, and their strength and deformability are analyzed quantitatively. For extra-thick-walled NPs, dislocations will nucleate below the contact area and cut through the particles till failure. For mid-thick-walled NPs, however, dislocations will emit from the inner surface and slip towards the outer surface. For thin-walled NPs, elastic buckling is the cause of failure. Compared to solid NPs, hollow NPs with wall thickness being around half of its outer radius can achieve significant improvement in both strength and deformability.
Systematic clustering algorithm for chromatin accessibility data and its application to hematopoietic cells

The huge amount of data acquired by high-throughput sequencing requires data reduction for effective analysis. Here we give a clustering algorithm for genome-wide open chromatin data using a new data reduction method. This method regards the genome as a string of 1s and 0s based on a set of peaks and calculates the Hamming distances between the strings. This algorithm with the systematically optimized set of peaks enables us to quantitatively evaluate differences between samples of hematopoietic cells and classify cell types, potentially leading to a better understanding of leukemia pathogenesis.
The ground state (1A1) and the lowest triplet state (3B1) of the phenyl cation C6H5+ revisited

Ionization of the phenyl radical C6H5•(2A1) is examined by high level theoretical methods. A systematic comparison of MCSCF, B3LYP, and CCSD(T) results shows that the ground state of the phenyl cation C6H5+ is definitely the singlet (1A1) state and that the associated adiabatic ionization energy for the transition C6H5•(2A1)→C6H5+(1A1) is estimated to be 8.1±0.1 eV. The lowest triplet state C6H5+(3B1) is approximately 0.8 eV higher than the singlet ground state in energy. However, theoretical geometries of the phenyl radical and cations suggest that formation of the triplet cation is favored in photoionization experiments because the Franck–Condon factors are much larger for the transition C6H5•(2A1)→C6H5+(3B1) than for that of the singlet ground state C6H5+(1A1). By evaluating the Franck–Condon factors for both photoionization processes [i.e., (2A1)→C6H5+(1A1) and (2A1)→C6H5+(3B1)] of C6H5• and C6D5•, attempts were made to assign the reported photoelectron spectra.
Radical induction theory of ulcerative colitis

To propose a new pathogenesis called Radical Induction to explain the genesis and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is an inflammatory bowel disease. Colonic inflammation in UC is mediated by a buildup of white blood cells (WBCs) within the colonic mucosal lining; however,to date there is no answer for why WBCs initially enter the colonic mucosa to begin with. A new pathogenesis termed "Radical Induction Theory" is proposed to explain this and states that excess un-neutralized hydrogen peroxide, produced within colonic epithelial cells as a result of aberrant cellular metabolism, diffuses through cell membranes to the extracellular space where it is converted to the highly damaging hydroxyl radical resulting in oxidative damage to structures comprising the colonic epithelial barrier. Once damaged, the barrier is unable to exclude highly immunogenic fecal bacterial antigens from invading the normally sterile submucosa. This antigenic exposure provokes an initial immune response of WBC infiltration into the colonic mucosa. Once present in the mucosa,WBCs are stimulated to secrete toxins by direct exposure to fecal bacteria leading to mucosal ulceration and bloody diarrhea characteristic of this disease.
Why Doesn&Apos;T the Us Have a European-Style Welfare System?

European countries are much more generous to the poor relative to the US level of generosity. Economic models suggest that redistribution is a function of the variance and skewness of the pre-tax income distribution, the volatility of income (perhaps because of trade shocks), the social costs of taxation and the expected income mobility of the median voter. None of these factors appear to explain the differences between the US and Europe. Instead, the differences appear to be the result of racial heterogeneity in the US and American political institutions. Racial animosity in the US makes redistribution to the poor, who are disproportionately black, unappealing to many voters. American political institutions limited the growth of a socialist party, and more generally limited the political power of the poor.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF LUTEIN FROM MARIGOLD FLOWER (TAGETES ERECTA L.) AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

ABSTRACT Lutein is associated with the prevention of many chronic diseases, like age-related macular degeneration, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Lutein is found in many plants, but the purest and richest source is the petals of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta L.). Commercially prepared T. erecta extract (oleoresin) was used during the experiment. Saponification reaction was carried out using alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution and tetrahydrofuran at room temperature for 4 h to saponify the xanthophyll esters. The purity and recovery of lutein after saponification were 89 and 63.05%, respectively. Different solvents were used for recrystallization to get a high purity of lutein. Among them, purity and recovery of lutein reached >98 and 72% in ethyl alcohol, which were higher than reported earlier. The scavenging efficacy of lutein against peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and lipid free radicals was measured by chemiluminescence. Peroxide, superoxide anions and hydroxyl and lipid free radicals were generated by hydrogen peroxide, pyrogallol, Fenton reaction system and 2,2′-azobis (2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride-induced γ-linolenic acid peroxidation system, respectively. Lutein exhibited strong antioxidant activity against superoxide anion, peroxide and hydroxyl and lipid free radicals. Among all tested reactive oxygen species, lipid free radicals showed the lowest effective concentration. A reaction time of 6 s was enough to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, while it was 60 and 120 s for peroxide and lipid free radicals, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This work was performed to demonstrate that high purity of lutein can be recovered using tertrahydrofuran and alcoholic potassium hydroxide at room temperature. Ethyl alcohol can be used as a recrystallizing solvent for lutein. Dissolved impurities from the lutein can be removed by washing during filtration. The scavenging activity of lutein against peroxide, superoxide anions and hydroxyl and lipid free radicals in the chemiluminescence meter enhanced the nutraceutical value of lutein.
{110} Plane Orientation Driven Superior Li-ion Battery Performance and Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Co3O4 Nanostructures

This paper presents synthesis methods and multifunctional properties of porous Co3O4 nanoplatelets and nanowires. Surprisingly, significantly superior Li-ion battery performance compared to other cathode materials is exhibited in the same samples as room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). Microstructure observations, and properties measurements and analysis indicate that the as-prepared Co3O4 nanostructures exhibit a spontaneous transformation of their morphology, showing a predominantly {110} plane orientation and preferentially presenting the Co3+ species at the surface at appreciate preparation condition. More Co3+ in an octahedral (O) position exposed on the surface is associated with more Co3+ being Co3+|\cdot (Co3+ with trapped charge carriers) or reduced to Co2+ in the O position due to surface defects or oxygen vacancies, which is possibly the mechanism of excellent electric transport properties then high Li-battery performance; at the same time, reduced to Co2+ or free charge carriers trapped by Co3+|\cdot in the O position are the role of charge carries- mediate ferromagnetism, may be the origin of RTFM as well. These results further show the importance of modifying the nanostructure of surfaces in the preparation of transition metal oxides as multidisciplinary functional materials.
Herdabilidade para efeitos direto e materno de características de crescimento de bovinos Nelore no Estado da Paraíba

Weight records at 205 (205W), 365 (365W) and 550 (550W) days of age of three Nellore herds raised in Paraiba State from 1975 to 1990, were used in the analyses. Genetic and maternal effects were estimated with the restricted maximum likelihood method, assuming an animal model. There were included the fixed effects of year-month-sex and farm. The linear and quadratic effects of age of dam at calving were included in the model as covariables. The least squares means and respective standard errors for P205, P365 and P550 for three studied farms were, respectively, 149.00 ± 22.28 kg, 198.40 ± 38.84 kg, 256.99 ± 55.65 kg; 145.10 ± 21.31 kg, 182.83 ± 30.38 kg, 247.45 ± 50.57 kg e 162.12 ± 14.23 kg, 246.66 ± 23.11 kg, 332.83 ± 35.02 kg. The heritabilities estimates for genetic direct effect were 0,16 ± 0,05, 0,40 ± 0,11 e 0,76 ± 0,25, for 205W, 365W and 550W, respectively. The heritabilities estimated for the maternal effects of 205W, 365W and 550W were 0,36 ± 0,05, 0,44 ± 0,15 and 0,01 ± 1,10, respectively. The correlations between direct and maternal effect for 205W, 365W and 550W were -0,70, -0,74, and -1,00, respectively. Maternal effects were important only in the pre-weaning phase.
The Sputtering Labor Force of the 21st Century. Can Social Policy Help

This paper examines two questions: how will the labor force change over the next 20 years, and can social policy significantly alter its size and shape. In the last twenty years, the overall labor force grew by 35 percent and the so-called prime age workforce those aged 25-54 grew by a remarkable 54 percent. The number of college educated workers more than doubled, and increased as a fraction of the labor force from 22 percent of the total to over 30 percent. In the next twenty, there will be virtually no growth in the prime age workforce at all. Indeed the number of native born white workers in that group will fall by 10%. Growth will be almost exclusively among older workers and people of color, in part due to immigration. Whether a sharply slowing labor force is a problem is debatable, but more troubling is the finding that even under the most optimistic scenario, the educational level of the workforce will improve far less in the next 20 years. At best college graduates might rise from 30% to 35% as a share of the workforce. The second part of the paper examines in detail what we know about the incentive effects of a variety of social programs from welfare, to the Earned Income Tax Credit, to UI, to disability programs to Social Security. There is clear evidence that incentives matter. But when I examine what plausible policy changes might accomplish the aggregate impact is not large. Moreover, most of these changes would tend to bring the least educated and most marginal workers into the labor force, while the need will be greatest for more skilled workers. Only strategies that would encourage more wives to work or that would significantly retard retirement are likely to generate many more educated workers. The findings suggest that immigration and education and training changes will loom far larger in future years and may be a better place to look for answers.
Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Isparta.

Objective: The first case reports of infection with penicillin-resistant pneumococci were made in Australia in 1967 and South Africa in 1977. Since this time the increasing emergence of penicillin- resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been a serious therapeutic problem. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the penicillin resistance of S. pneumoniae strains isolated in the laboratory. The effect of procaine penicillin treatment against these strains was also investigated. Methods: Sensitivity testing was done by disc diffusion method using oxacillin discs. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined in tests with penicillin by the use of E-test (AB Biodisc, Solna, Sweden). Patients were treated with 2 × 800 000 U of i.m. procaine penicillin every 12 h for 10 days. Results: Thirty-seven strains of S. pneumoniae were isolated from the sputa of adult patients who had pneumonia. Moderately resistant (0.12–1.00 μg/mL) and penicillin-sensitive (≤ 0.06 μg/mL) strains were identified in nine (24.3%) and 28 (75.7%) isolates, respectively. There were no high-level penicillin-resistant strains in the study. There was no therapeutic failure. Conclusion: These results suggest that procaine penicillin may still be useful in the empirical therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia.
A comparison of the rotational properties of T Tauri stars in Orion and Taurus

We analyse the distribution of projected equatorial velocities (v sin i) for a magnitude-limited sample of stars in Taurus, in order to assess whether this sample can contain a population of fast rotators (missed in previous photometric monitoring campaigns) similar to those recently discovered in Orion by Stassun et al. We find strong evidence, in line with the results of photometric monitoring campaigns in Taurus, that there is no such population of stars in Taurus that rotate at a large fraction of breakup velocity. We thus demonstrate that the stellar rotation distributions in the two star-forming regions are intrinsically different (with a statistical significance of this discrepancy in excess of 3σ), and discuss possible origins for this difference.
Synthesized Magnetic Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon for Sulfamethoxazole Removal

The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in water has adverse environmental and health impacts. The main objective of the current research are to investigate the removal efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous solution by using magnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles synthesized on powdered activated carbon (PAC). Magnetic activated carbon composites (MACC) were prepared by using chemical co-precipitation at different temperature values ranging from 298 to 423 K. The obtained samples were characterized by contemporary characterization instrumental methods of analysis, and their SMX removal capabilities were evaluated. Results revealed that the procedure successfully created magnetic nanoparticles on PAC at temperatures of 298–423 K, and the anchored MnFe2O4/MnO2 manifested more crystalline forms at 423 K. As a result, MACC prepared at 423 K showed the highest magnetic and sorption capacities among three obtained samples. The SMX maximal adsorption capacity of MACC(423K) was 159 mg/g at pH 7, and the SMX adsorption remained stable at pH 3–7. The effect of common ions and humic acids on SMX adsorption indicates a high selectivity of MACC(423K) for SMX. Furthermore, MACC(423K) achieved much higher regeneration efficiency by H2O2 than that of virgin PAC, due to the presence of MnFe2O4/MnO2.
Germs of holomorphic vector fields in C3 without a separatrix

Oblatum 28-XII-1988 & 26-III-1990 & 10-X-1990 & 13-VI-1991 & 30-IX-1991. Supported by Universite de Toulouse, CONACYT-CNRS and CAICYT-87-336 Fulltext Preview
Exaggerated response to endotoxin in mice lacking the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC)

Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) is a promiscuous receptor for chemokines that is required for Plasmodium vivax infection of erythroid cells. This receptor is expressed by subsets of endothelial, as well as erythroid cells. Selection for protection from malaria infection resulted in an erythroid-specific defect, suggesting that DARC may play a critical role in endothelial biology. Mice with targeted disruption of this gene were generated, and the function of DARC in inflammation was explored. RNA from spleens of homozygous mutant mice lacked DARC transcripts, which were abundant in wild-type (+/+) and heterozygote (+/−) mice. DARC−/− mice lacked developmental abnormalities and were healthy at 1 year. Whereas hematologic parameters were within normal ranges, erythrocytes from nullizygous mice lacked CXC and CC chemokine-binding activity. Challenge with lipopolysaccharide resulted in significantly increased inflammatory infiltrates in lung and liver of nullizygous mice. These results suggest that DARC modulates the intensity of inflammatory reactions as a sink for chemokines.
Insertion of enhanced green fluorescent protein into the lysozyme gene creates mice with green fluorescent granulocytes and macrophages

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells have been studied extensively, but the events that occur during their differentiation remain largely uncharted. To develop a system that allows the differentiation of cultured multipotent progenitors by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, myelomonocytic cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in vivo. This was achieved by knocking the enhanced GFP ( EGFP ) gene into the murine lysozyme M ( lys ) locus and using a targeting vector, which contains a neomycin resistant ( neo ) gene flanked by LoxP sites and “splinked” ends, to increase the frequency of homologous recombination. Analysis of the blood and bone marrow of the lys-EGFP mice revealed that most myelomonocytic cells, especially mature neutrophil granulocytes, were fluorescence-positive, while cells from other lineages were not. Removal of the neo gene through breeding of the mice with the Cre -deleter strain led to an increased fluorescence intensity. Mice with an inactivation of both copies of the lys gene developed normally and were fertile.
Preliminary report: examination of young children with Lea symbols.

BACKGROUND. Lea symbols are highly sensitive for detection of amblyopia in cooperative patients. They are favorable for visual acuity assessment in childhood. Therefore, we assessed age-related normal values and interocular differences of Lea symbol visual acuity. METHODS/PATIENTS. We reexamined 50 out of 193 children aged 21 months to 7 years who came for a routine pediatric examination between January and November 1999. Lea symbol acuity (Lea Symbols Single Symbol Book (LS) and Lea 15-Line Folding Distance Chart (CLS)) and Landolt-C acuity (single (LC) and crowded with 2.6' inter-optotype distance (LC 2.6 )) were measured. A three out of four criterion was used. Strabismus and any organic eye disease were excluded by orthoptic and ophthalmologic examination, consisting of biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy or refractometry, cover test or Hirschberg test and Lang Stereotest. RESULTS. Only 26% of the parents (50 out of 193) accepted an examination in our hospital. In 35 (32) of the 50 children, vi.
Anatomical study of the paratendinous tissues and their role in the pathogenesis of the tendinopathy

According with the recent Literature, the paratendineous tissues have an important role in the pathogenesis of the so-called tendinitis, but their anatomical and histological features are not clear. This research has the aim to analyze the paratendinous tissues from a macroscopic, histological and imaging point of view. Samples were taken from the Achilles tendon and the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle of thirteen fresh non-embalmed cadaver’s feet. All samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Azan-Mallory, van Gieson and Alcian Blue stains and antiS100 and PGP 9.5 antibodies. Measurement were also performed on 60 foot- RMN, both in healthy people and in patients with Achilles tendinopathy. The paratendinous tissues are made of three different layers: the paratenon, the epitenon and the endotenon. The dissections have demonstrated that the paratenon is in continuity with the crural fascia. It is a layered sheath of collagen fibres densely packaged. It envelopes the tendon and isolates it from the surrounding tissues, guarantying its free sliding. The elastic fibres are less than 1%. The epitenon is a dense connective tissue sheath covering the tendons over their entire length. It is rich in elastic fibers, distribute fairly uniformly in the whole thickness. Both paratenon and epitenon contain blood and lymphatic vessels and many free nerve endings. Between the two structures, loose connective tissue rich in hyaluronic acid is present. In some samples, some fibroblast-like cells that stained very well at the Alcian Blue stain were observed. It was postulated that these were specialized cells for the biosynthesis of the HA-rich matrix, that we have called “fasciacytes”. The innermost layer of the three is the endotenon, it surrounds the tertiary fascicles of the tendon. It is formed by collagen fibers and it is rich of elastic fibers. It reacts intensively to the Alcian Blu, having an important component of ialuronic acid. At the RMN, the Achilles paratenon in the healthy patient appears as a homogenous line that surrounds the tendon and the loose tissue near the tendon; it presents a mean thickness of 1.04 mm. The crural fascia appears like a line with a signal slightly increase, localized laterally to the tendon that give the origin to the paratenon with a splitting, it has a mean thickness of 1.19 mm. In the patients affected by tendinopathy a statistically significant (p<0,0001) variation of the thickness of the paratenon is present. Besides, also an increased intensity of signal is evident. Our findings support the idea that the paratendineous tissues could have a role in the etiology of the so-called tendinitis, in particular thanks to the rich vascularization and innervations. Consequently we suggest that the term “tendinitis” in some cases could be replaced with the term “paratendinitis”.
Influence of Confinement by COVID-19 on the Quality of Sleep and the Interests of University Students

Purpose To check for changes in sleep in three temporary times: before COVID-19 lockdown in university students, and also twenty days and forty days afterwards, as well as to see how it has influenced in their daily activities. Materials and Methods A longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of 75 participants from different Spanish universities. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Adapted Interest List were administered to evaluate the main variables of the study. Results About 70.7% of the sample showed worse sleep quality at 20 days, almost twice as much as before confinement (37.3%), there were more problems falling asleep (F(2, 75) = −3.14, p = 0.002), and more difficulty getting back to sleep when waking up at night (F(2.75) = 2.08, p = 0.037) at 40 days of lockdown. In addition, as confinement time went on, students showed less activities. Factors such as working, in addition to studying, and relaxing activities (reading, listening to music) were associated with better sleep quality. Conclusion Sleep quality worsened during lockdown in university students, as well as both 20 and 40 days later. Staying busy during the day (not only studying but also working) and spending free time on relaxing activities are related to better sleep quality.