Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An efficient algorithm to compute the X-ray transform

We propose a new algorithm to compute the X-ray transform of an image represented by unit (pixel/voxel) basis functions. The fundamental task is equivalently calculating the intersection lengths of the ray with associated units. For the given ray, we derive the sufficient and necessary condition for non-vanishing intersectability. By this condition, we can distinguish the units that produce valid intersections with the ray. Only for those units, we calculate the intersection lengths by the obtained analytic formula. The proposed algorithm is adapted to various two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) scanning geometries, and its several issues are also discussed, including the intrinsic ambiguity, flexibility, computational cost and parallelization. The proposed method is fast and easy to implement, more complete and flexible than the existing alternatives with respect to different scanning geometries and different basis functions. Finally, we validate the correctness of the algorithm.
Effects of body condition at calving on milk yield and composition, lactation curve and body reserve mobilization of Holstein cows

The effects of body condition at calving on milk yield, milk composition, lactation curve and body tissue mobilization patterns were evaluated in Holstein cows. Thirteen primiparous and 38 multiparous cows were assigned body condition scores at calving (BCC). Those with BCC equal to or greater than 3.25 were assigned to class 1; while those with BCC less than 3.25 constituted class 2. These BCC classes did not affect milk yield, milk composition (except for fat percentage) or lactation curve significantly in primiparous cows. In multiparous cows, however, class 1 individuals had higher total milk yield, higher peak milk yield, higher milk composition percentages and more effective mobilization of body tissue reserves than cows in class 2. Among those cows that had higher BCC, those with more effective mobilization of body tissue reserves at the beginning of lactation had higher milk yields. Cows with higher BCC were heavier at prepartum and at calving in comparison to cows with lower BCC. However, body weight at calving and change in body weight early in lactation were not related to body composition at calving and subsequent milk yield.
The studies on pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin in rabbits and rats

After iv 25mg · kg-1 paeoniflorin (PF)in rabbits, the concentration-time curves of the PF were shown to fit an two compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows; T1/2α = 5. 93 min. T1/2β = 66. 02 min. Vb = 5l6. 8 ml · kg-1, CL=6. I I ml · kg-1 · min. The bioavail- ability of PF after ig 250mg · kg-1 in rabbits was F=7. 24 ± 4. 15%. Tmax=77. 42 min. Cmax = 21. 57mg · L-1. After ig 550mg · kg-1 PF. about 10. 6 1 % . 1. 08% of the dose was recovered from the rat feccs. urine respectively within 24h. After iv 55mg · kg-1 PF.about 8. 64% of the dose was recovered from the rat bile within 7h. The metabolism of PF was studied in isolated perfused rat liver, the PF concentrations in Krebs -Henseleit solution had little changed during 90 min by recirculating per-fusion.
Synthesis of 5-selenoxo-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxylates from isoselenocyanates and azodicarboxylates

A mixture of an azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine in dichloromethane reacted with aryl isoselenocyanates (1) at room temperature to give 4,5-dihydro-5-selenoxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxylates (4a-f) in a one-pot reaction in good to excellent yields. The isoselenocyanates (1) have been prepared conveniently from formamides by treatment with elemental selenium and phosgene according to Barton’s procedure.
The Evolution of Stock Option Accounting: Disclosure, Voluntary Recognition, Mandated Recognition, and Management Disavowals

In this study we report the results of an experiment that examines how relatively sophisticated financial statement users interpret management stock option compensation disclosures under SFAS No. 123 and SFAS No. 123R. We predict and find that mandated income statement recognition, as required under SFAS No. 123R, leads to higher user assessments of reliability than either voluntary income statement recognition or voluntary footnote disclosure, options allowed under SFAS No. 123. Users view voluntary footnote disclosure as the least reliable reporting alternative. We also examine the amount users invest in response to these accounting treatments, and find that users invest more in a firm when management chooses income statement recognition than when management chooses footnote disclosure. We find no difference in investment amounts between mandated recognition and either voluntary recognition or footnote disclosure. Finally, although we find that these results are insensitive to whether management explici.
Analysis of apoptosis and expression of bax-α of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of dairy cows

The DNA content,cell phase and rate of apoptosis of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of dairy cattle at different daily mean temperature were analysed by flow cytometry(FCM). The results were shown as follows:(1)The cell ratios at G 2/M phase and proliferation index(PI)at 5.5 ℃ were significantly different from the other two daily mean temperatures(P0.05). They decreased accompanying with the decrease of daily mean temperature. (2)The rate of apoptosis of lymphocytes was 10.60% at 26.5 ℃,which was the highest among three groups.It was 2.70% at 5.5 ℃,which was the lowest compared with the other two groups(P0.05). (3)The abundance of bax-α mRNA was analysed by RT-PCR.The expression level of bax-α was the highest at 26.5 ℃(P0.05). (4)The bax-α mRNA expressions were paralleled to the ratios of apoptosis of lymphocytes.It is suggested that bax-α gene could participate in regulation of apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by heat stress.
Gene-Gene Interactions and the Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease: Modeling the Effects of SNPs on Sickle Cell-Associated Vasoocclusive Events Using Classification and Regression Trees and Stochastic Gradient Boosting.

The variable pattern of complications seen among sickle cell disease patients is unlikely to be the result of solely the HBB glu6val mutation. Conventional case-control analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are useful in looking for single gene associations, however studying gene interactions becomes increasingly inefficient as the number of SNPs increase. Application of more complex statistical methods such as classification and regression trees (CART), stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) and Bayesian networks (Sebastiani et al, Nature Genet37: 435, 2005) allows for the analysis of many SNPs and covariates simultaneously. CART is a recursive partitioning method that develops a single tree-based model which is grown by creating “if-then” splitting rules which stratify patients into risk groups. The resulting over-fitted tree is then pruned to optimize size and classification and its predictive ability assessed using a test set or cross validation. SGB is a similar method, however, instead of one large tree many small trees are grown sequentially. Each new tree improves the quality of the model based upon the prior stage and is weighted based on its predictive ability. The final predicted value is computed by adding the weighted contribution of each small sub-tree and based on that value, a classification assigned. From the over 4,000 patients in the CSSCD, a subset of 1,353 were genotyped for 353 SNPs in over 160 genes that might impact the disease pathophysiology. Clinical data for these patients were merged with genotype data and 490 patients were identified who had at least one of the following vasoocclusive events: stroke, osteonecrosis of the humeral or femoral head and/or priapism. With the remaining patients serving as controls, CART and SGB was run on a random sample of 80% of the patients to identify genes and covariates whose interactions characterize patients with these vasoocclusive events and the accuracy assessed using the remaining patients as a test set. Along with age, sex and HbF, CART identified TGFBR3, SMAD9, CISH, KL and MAP3K71P1 as being associated with the vasoocclusive event phenotype and classified patients with a sensitivity of 34% and a specificity of 82%. SGB however, while identifying the same pattern of genes and covariates as being associated with vasoocclusive events, was able to classify patients with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 68%. While CART provides a simple initial screening of genes and covariates that may be simultaneously associated with the phenotype, SGB provides a more accurate method of classification with higher sensitivity and similar specificity. Neither method requires the extensive model building of Bayesian networks. A more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms will lead to the ability to predict subphenotypes and improve their management.
Effect of decomposition on clothing damage evidence: A preliminary study

Textiles are generally present when a crime takes place and, in some cases, may be directly linked to a crime. Due to changes that occur to fabric over time, there is a risk of clothing damage being misinterpreted, and vital evidence being missed. This study is the first of a number of studies exploring the effect of decomposition upon clothing damage evidence following a stabbing. Sections of porcine tissue were wrapped in fabric in which stab cuts had been created, and left exposed to the environment alongside negative controls. Images of the damage were taken before and after a period of decomposition over two weeks. When compared to the negative controls, these images clearly demonstrated that there was a significant amount of alteration to the clothing damage evidence e.g. loose and fraying yarns, following a period of decomposition. Quantification of the fraying to the damage showed a statistically significant increase of the amount of fraying (p=<0.05).
Inhibition of Proteasome Is Associated with Early Alterations of Cell Cycle Regulators and Induces Synergistic Antitumour Activities in Mantle Cell Lymphoma in a Sequence Dependent Manner.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) displays an especially poor clinical outcome with only transient response to conventional chemotherapy, continuous relapses and a median survival of only 3 - 4 years. The Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is known to alter homeostasis of various oncogenes, transcription factors (e.g. NF-κB) regulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In various phase II trials, proteasome inhibition with single agent bortezomib (Velcade®) achieved response rates of up to 60% in relapsed disease. Five MCL cell lines (HBL2, Granta 519, Jeko-1, NCEB-1 and Rec-1) and two hematological control cell lines (Jurkat, Karpas 422) were treated with bortezomib at a previously defined effective concentration (25 nM). Real-time RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis of cyclin D1 (CCND1), Cdk inhibitors (INK4s, KIPs), and other regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis were performed at various time points during bortezomib treatment (0 to 12 hours). Additionally, analyses of cell cycle were performed by flow cytometry. All cells lines were also exposed to different doses of bortezomib in combination with various cytostatic drugs, cell proliferation (WST-1 assay) and apoptosis (Annexin V PE/7-AAD staining) were analysed. After only 2 - 4 hours of bortezomib treatment analysis of relative RNA expression levels revealed downregulation of Cdk4 inhibitor p21CIP1, CCND1 and BCL2, thus representing early effects of proteasome inhibition in MCL cell lines. In contrast, CCND1 expression temporarily increased in cell lines with moderate sensitivity to bortezomib. Interaction between bortezomib and cytostatic drugs were evaluated applying the combination index (CI). Simultaneous exposure to bortezomib and various cytostatic drugs (cytarabine, mitoxantrone, fludarabine and gemcitabine) resulted in a significantly enhanced inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis. In order to investigate the interaction of cytostatic agents and bortezomib different incubation schedules were evelusated. Notably, pre-exposure to cytarabine and subsequent proteasome inhibition results in a strong synergism (CI = 0.5) that was not observed with prior bortezomib incubation. Interesting this pattern is chemotherapy specific, since bortezomib pre-incubation induced synergism with mitoxantrone (CI = 0.6). Finally, combination of cytarabine or gemcitabine with bortezomib was able to sensitize and inhibit cell proliferation of MCL cell lines resistant to single agent treatment. In summary, alteration of protein expression profiles and cell cycle regulators occur early after proteasome inhibition in MCL cell lines. In addition, combination of bortezomib with distinct cytostatic agents demonstrated a synergistic schedule dependent efficacy in vitro. Currently, confirmatory analyses of primary patient samples are being performed representing the rationale of a future randomized phase II/III study of the European MCL Network.
STUDIES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF ALEUROGLYPHUS OVATUS TROUPEAU (ACARINA, ACARIDAE)

A report was submitted last year by the present authors on the morphological studyon Aleuroglyphus ovatus Troupeau, and in this paper an attempt is being made to dealwith its life-history. This mite was reared in specially designed cells, kept at a roomtemperature of 25℃. and a constant relative humidity of 75 per cent. The entire lifecycle of the mite is divided into five stages, namely, (1) egg, (2) larva, (3) protonymph,(4) tritonymph and (5) adult; almost no hypopus exists. Before entering into the pro-tonymphal, tritonymphal and adult stages, a quiescent period is experienced in everycase, though not as long as 5-14 days as with the chigger mite, but only of approxi-mately 24 hours. Under the above-mentioned temperature and humidity conditions ittakes an average of 16 days and 10 hours for the mite to complete its entire life-cycle,namely, 80 hours for the egg stage, 77 for the larval, 115 for the protonymphal and 122for the tritonymphal. Mating lasts 2 to 4 minutes, repeated many times during the whole life. Eggs arelaid 1 to 3 days after mating. Oviposition lasts cr. 4 to 6 days. The fertilized femalewill lay from 33 to 78 eggs, an average of 55.5. In our observation no parthenogenesisoccurs. The present paper covers the morphology of each life-cycle stage based on the no-menclature of A. C. Oudeman, A. A. Zakhvatkin, F. Grandjean and H. H. Nesbitt forthe idiosoma and leg setae of Acaridae.
Introduction to Modeling and Generating Probabilistic Input Processes for Simulation

Techniques are presented for modeling and generating the univariate and multivariate probabilistic input processes that drive many simulation experiments. Among univariate input models, emphasis is given to the generalized beta distribution family, the Johnson translation system of distributions, and the Bezier distribution family. Among bivariate and higher-dimensional input models, emphasis is given to computationally tractable extensions of univariate Johnson distributions. Also discussed are nonparametric techniques for modeling and simulating time-dependent arrival streams using nonhomogeneous Poisson processes
Title Acute effect of static stretching on power output during concentric dynamic constant external resistance leg extension.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect of static stretching on muscular performance during concentric isotonic (dynamic constant external resistance: DCER) muscle actions under various loads. Concentric DCER leg extension power outputs were assessed in twelve healthy male subjects after two types of pre-treatment. The pre-treatments included 1) static stretching treatment performing six types of static stretching on leg extensors (4 sets of 30-sec each with 20-sec rest periods; total duration: 20-min) and 2) non-stretching treatment by resting for 20 minutes in a sitting position. Loads during assessment of the power output were set to 5%, 30% and 60% of the maximum voluntary contractile (MVC) torque with isometric leg extension in each subject. The peak power output following the static stretching treatment was significantly ( P <0.05) lower than that following the non-stretching treatment under each load (5%MVC: 418.0 ± 82.2 W vs. 466.2 ± 89.5 W; 30%MVC: 506.4 ± 82.8 W vs. 536.4 ± 97.0 W; 60%MVC: 478.6 ± 77.5 W vs. 523.8 ± 97.8 W). The present study demonstrated that relatively extensive static stretching significantly re duces power output with concentric DCER muscle actions under various loads. Common power activities are carried out by DCER muscle actions under various loads. Therefore, the result of the present study suggests that relatively extensive static stretching decreases power performance.
New approaches to widely tunable semiconductor lasers

Widely tunable lasers can signi? cantly reduce the costs and increase the functionality of optical networks. So far, the performance of integrated semiconductor based tunable lasers lagged behind the performance of the ? xed wavelength sources they need to replace. The objective of this thesis is to investigate new widely tunable laser concepts and compare their performance with the alternatives. In this work two new concepts for widely tunable lasers are introduced: the Cascaded Sampled Grating (CSG) laser and the T-MMI (Tunable Multi-Mode Interference section) laser. The tuning element in the Cascaded Sampled Grating (CSG) consists of two sampled grating sections. The re ection spectra of these elements add to give a CSG-re ection spectrum with one dominant re ection resonance. The design of this element is detailed and simulations are presented. Experimental devices were processed and characterized. In these devices an output power of up to 10 mW was achieved with an SMSR of at least 30 dB over a tuning range of 57 nm. Simulations, based on the experimental results, predict a capability to generate > 30 mW output power and an SMSR > 37 dB over a 40 nm tuning range. The tuning element in the T-MMI consists of a sampled grating and a novel tuning element, the T-MMI section. The transmission curve of this element can be shifted over a wide wavelength range by current injection in the center of the MMI section. By shifting the transmission curve of the T-MMI section, subsequent sampled grating resonances are selected. The design of this laser is detailed and simulations on the ? nal design are presented. Experimental devices were demonstrated with up to 7 mW output power. The SMSR was more than 25 dB over a tuning range of 38 nm. Over this tuning range a 10 dB variation in output power was observed. Simulations based on these experimental results predict a capability to generate 30mWoutput power and an SMSR of 40 dB over a tuning range of 40 nm (for a maximum gain section current of 220 mA) for an optimized design. An aspect of tunable lasers that has not been given su? cient attention in the past is the role of absorption of optical power in the tuning sections. In this thesis it was demonstrated that for 30 mW operation the composition of the material in the tuning layer is critical. For a tuning layer with bandgap wavelength close to the laser wavelength, the re ection spectrum of the tuning elements saturates before 30 mW output power is achieved. In the comparison between the CSG and T-MMI with other concepts for widely tunable lasers, it follows that both CSG and T-MMI are similar or better than other concepts in the area of output power and SMSR. An important di? erentiation for the T-MMI is achieved in its simplicity of operation.
Determination of trehalose in Selaginella by HPLC

The purpose is to establish a method to determine the contents of trehalose in Selaginella by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),which outfitted with Sugar-D column(4.6 mm×250 mm ×5 μm),the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water(78:22) with the flow rate was 1 mL/min.The results indicated that the calibration curves was linear when the trehalose was 0.3125~5 mL/min(R2=0.9999),the RSD of precision,stability and repeatability were 1.59%,3.05% and 3.99%,respectively.The average recovery rate(n=6) was 104.9%,RSD was 0.991%.
A comparative study of mechanical resistance of two reciprocating files

Background To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of two different Nickel-Titanium instruments, Reziflow (Komet, Brasseler GmbH & Co., Lemgo, Germany) and WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Material and Methods Two groups of 20 different NiTi endodontic instruments of identical tip size of 0.25 mm were tested; Reziflow and Wave-One Gold primary. Cyclic fatigue testing was performed in a stainless steel simulated root canal manufactured by reproducing the instrument’s size and taper. A simulated root canal with a 90 degrees angle of curvature and 5 mm radius of curvature was constructed for the instruments tested. The centre of the curvature was 5 mm from the tip of the instrument and the curved segment of the canal was approximately 5 mm in length. Both the instruments were used in the same preset program specific for the WaveOne instruments. Each instrument was rotated until fracture occurred and the time to fracture (TtF) and the length of the fractured fragment were recorded. Means and standard deviations of TtF and fragment length were calculated and data were subjected to statical analysis (P<0.05). Results Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were noted between Reziflow and WaveOne Gold instruments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the mean length of the fractured fragments between the instruments. Conclusions Rezifllow instruments were associated with a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than WaveOne Gold instruments. Key words:Endodontic instruments, NiTi alloy, Reciprocating motion, Cyclic Fatigue, Heat treatment.
Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

一、概述 2型糖尿病占糖尿病总体人群95%以上,患病率高,起病隐匿,早期症状不明显,流行病学主要调查其患病率. 1型糖尿病比较罕见,典型者多见于儿童,流行病学常常调查其儿童人群的年发病率。
Inference of Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets From CSF Proteomics for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

The purpose of this mini-review is to examine if publicly available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics data sets can be exploited to provide insight into the etiology of hydrocephalus, into the character of the injury inflicted on the parenchyma by ventriculomegaly, and into the response of the brain to this condition. While this undertaking was instigated by reanalysis of recent comparative proteomics of CSF collected from the brain of healthy and Mpdz knockout (KO) mice (Yang et al., 2019), it is an opportunity to survey previously published CSF proteomics data sets to determine if they can be pooled together to that end. The overabundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, complement factors, and apolipoproteins in the CSF of Mpdz KO mice was taken to indicate that the hydrocephalic brain underwent ischemia, inflammation, and demyelination. The overabundance of five cytokine-binding proteins could be linked uniquely to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) secretion and signaling. The overabundance of two serpins, angiotensinogen and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was considered as a biomarker of anti-angiogenic negative-feedback mechanisms to reduce CSF production. These findings raise the intriguing propositions that CSF proteomics can identify biomarkers of case-specific injuries, and that IGF signaling and angiogenesis pathways can serve as therapeutic targets. It appears, however, that the currently available proteomics data is not amenable to comparison of CSF from normal and hydrocephalic patients and cannot be used test the premise of those propositions.