Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ photoimmunotherapy: a surgery- and limb-sparing approach to the treatment of cutaneous metastases in advanced melanoma.

Stephanie A. St Pierre, MD; Jennee Rommel, MD; Ana Ciurea, MD; Douglas Fife, MD; Simon S. Yoo, MD; Mary Martini, MD; Timothy M. Kuzel, MD; Jeffrey Wayne, MD; Alfred Rademaker, PhD; Dennis P. West, PhD; Murad Alam, MD; Department of Dermatology (Drs St Pierre, Yoo, Martini, and West) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (Drs Yoo, Martini, Kuzel, Wayne, Rademaker, West, and Alam), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (Dr Rommel); Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Dr Ciurea); Surgical Dermatology and Laser Center, Las Vegas, Nevada (Dr Fife); and Division of Hematology-Oncology (Dr Kuzel), Division of Surgical Oncology (Dr Wayne), and Department of Preventive Medicine (Dr Rademaker) and Dermatology (Dr Alam), Northwestern University, Chicago
The Altruistic Unbalanced Paired Kidney Exchange: Proof of Concept and Survey of Potential Donor and Recipient Attitudes

Background. Altruistic unbalanced paired kidney exchanges (AUPKE) use compatible live donor/recipient pairs to facilitate transplants for individuals with incompatible live donors. We report a three donor/recipient pair complex AUPKE. Little is known of the circumstances under which individuals are likely to trade away a compatible live donor or the overall impact that AUPKE could have on the organ supply. Methods. (1) A retrospective analysis of live donor renal transplants was performed using United Network for Organ Sharing data and our own center experience to determine the potential impact of AUPKE. (2) At initial evaluation, potential donors and recipients were administered a survey regarding attitudes toward AUPKE using a 5-point Likert Scale. Results. (1) One thousand three hundred ninety-six (22.8%) ABO compatible but nonidentical live donor transplants were performed in the United States in 2005. Ninety-one percent of donors were blood group O. (2) Recipient survey respondents were more likely than donors (P=0.002) to favor participation in AUPKE with no advantage to themselves. A number of circumstances increased the propensity to view AUPKE favorably (P<0.05). Conclusions. (1) AUPKE can have a profound impact on the kidney supply. (2) By using ABO compatible but nonidentical donors, AUPKE can be performed at individual centers without requiring large sharing networks. (3) O recipients with incompatible donors are likely to be the primary beneficiary of AUPKE. (4) Attitudes are not static and can be influenced in favor of participation if there is a perceived benefit to the recipient. (5) Both donors and recipients are more willing to participate if their intended recipient or donor is enthusiastic about participating. (6) AUPKE reflects a paradigm shift for live donation, converting a private resource (the donor) to a shared one.
Online motion retargetting

This paper presents a method to retarget the motion of a character to another in real time. The technique is based on inverse rate control, which computes the changes in joint angles corresponding to the changes in end-effector position. While tracking the multiple end-effector trajectories of the original subject or character, our online motion retargetting also minimizes the joint angle differences by exploiting the kinematic redundancies of the animated model. This method can apply a captured motion to another anthropometry so that it can perform slightly different motion, while preserving the original motion characteristics. Because the above is done online, a real-time performance can be mapped to other characters. Moreover, if the method is used interactively during motion capture session, the feedback of retargetted motion on the screen provides more chances to get satisfactory results. As a by-product, our algorithm can be used to reduce measurement errors in restoring captured motion. The data enhancement improves the accuracy in both joint angles and end-effector positions. Experimental results show that our retargetting algorithm preserves high-frequency details of the original motion quite accurately. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near-Ballistic Unitraveling-Carrier Photodiode-Based V-band Optoelectronic Mixers With Low Upconversion Loss and High Operation Current Performance Under Optical IF Signal Injection

We demonstrate near-ballistic unitraveling-carrier photodiode (NBUTC-PD)-based V-band (50-75 GHz) optoelectronic (OE) mixers which can upconvert the V-band optical local-oscillator (LO) and intermediate-frequency (IF) signals. The optical LO and IF signals share a single erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) which means that the mixing performance of the device can be optimized by properly adjusting the ratio between the injected optical LO and IF power to the EDFA. The utilization of the strong nonlinearity of the ballistic transport of the electrons in the NBUTC-PD under a reverse bias regime means that our device achieves a low upconversion loss ( -6 dB) under a very high operating current (23 mA) in V-band (60 GHz). We are able to improve the operating current at the V-band over that previously reported for UTC-PD-based OE mixers. This is made possible by an increase in the optimum operating voltage from the near forward bias (0 V) to the reverse bias regime (-1.7 V).
EGG SIZE EVOLUTION IN TROPICAL AMERICAN ARCID BIVALVES: THE COMPARATIVE METHOD AND THE FOSSIL RECORD

Abstract Marine organisms exhibit a wide range of egg sizes, even among closely related taxa, and egg size is widely considered to be one of the most important components of the life histories of marine species. The nature of the trade-off between egg size and number and the consequences of variation in egg size for offspring growth and survivorship have been extensively modeled. Yet, there is little empirical evidence that supports the relative importance of particular environmental parameters in engendering the tremendous variation in egg size seen in marine organisms. This study compares egg sizes between six geminate species pairs of bivalves in the family Arcidae to determine whether egg size differs in predictable directions between geminate species in the two oceans separated by the Central American isthmus, and whether the direction and timing of egg size evolution among geminates in this family is correlated with both modern and paleoceanographic patterns of oceanic productivity. In all modern members of six geminate pairs, egg size was larger in the species in the western Atlantic than in its sister species the eastern Pacific. This pattern supports the hypothesis that optimal egg size differs in the two oceans due to the low productivity and poor larval feeding environment in the western Atlantic relative to the eastern Pacific. The fossil record of one geminate pair shows that egg size has remained consistently large in the western Atlantic from the Miocene to the Recent, while egg size in the eastern Pacific has decreased to the current small size in less than 2 million years; this suggests that modern-day differences between egg sizes in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific are due to either an increase in productivity in the eastern Pacific and subsequent selection for smaller eggs in that ocean, or differential patterns of extinction that occurred well after the rise of the isthmus. These results agree with ancestral character state reconstruction using linear parsimony, but differ from squared-change parsimony reconstructions.
Incomplete bladder emptying due to labial fusion in a pubertal girl: A delayed consequence of female circumcision

Female circumcision is an ancient practice of uncertain origin involving girls and women in Africa and the Middle and Far East. Due to the sensitive nature of this subject, its clandestine nature, and neglect by the scientific community, systematic surveys have not been undertaken and there are no comprehensive data available on the subject. The World Health Organization estimates that some two million women undergo this procedure annually. While cultural in origin, the practice is significantly more prevalent in Islamic countries. However, the rise in migration from such countries has resulted in practitioners all over the world encountering this problem with increasing frequency. In Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Pakistan it is practiced under the name of Sunnah circumcision, indicating a religious basis. However, there is nothing to support its requirement in the Al-Quran. The justifications given for the practice are multiple and reflect the ideological and historical situation of the societies in which it has developed. Other reasons besides religion include custom and tradition, preservation of virginity, hygiene, social acceptance and family honour, enhancing fertility and increased sexual gratification for the male. The World Health Organisation defines female circumcision as all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reasons. Often female circumcision is performed without anaesthesia, by persons without any medical training using rudimentary instruments, causing serious physical and psychological health consequences. The age at which a girl is circumcised ranges from birth to early teens. There are four different types of mutilation each type varying in severity and sequelae.
The formation pathway of tetramolecular G-quadruplexes

Oligonucleotides containing guanosine stretches associate into tetrameric structures stabilized by monovalent ions. In order to describe the sequence of reactions leading to association of four identical strands, we measured by NMR the formation and dissociation rates of (TGnT)4 quadruplexes (n = 3–6), their dissociation constants and the reaction orders for quadruplex formation. The quadruplex formation rates increase with the salt concentration but weakly depend on the nature (K+, Na+ or Li+) of the counter ions. The activation energies for quadruplex formation are negative. The quadruplex lifetimes strongly increase with the G-tract length and are much more longer in K+ solution than in Na+ or Li+ solutions. The reaction order for quadruplex formation is 3 in 0.125 M KCl and 4 in LiCl solutions. The kinetics measurements suggest that quadruplex formation proceeds step by step via sequential strand association into duplex and triplex intermediate species. Triplex formation is rate limiting in 0.125 M KCl solution. In LiCl, each step of the association process depends on the strand concentration. Parallel reactions to formation of the fully matched canonical quadruplex may result in kinetically trapped mismatched quadruplexes making the canonical quadruplex practically inaccessible in particular at low temperature in KCl solution.
Relation of age and sex with carotid intima media thickness in healthy children.

BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate the age- and sex-associated carotid intima media thickness (clMT) changes in healthy children to determine the age- and sex-specific normal range of values for childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study examined 91 healthy school-age children aged 7-15 years prospectively. Standardized sonographic cIMT measurements and analyses were performed. Body mass index and blood pressure were obtained, and atherosclerotic risk factors were investigated. Age- and sex-specific cIMT measurements for different age groups were calculated and the relation with sex was investigated. RESULTS Regarding the total study group, mean cIMT measurements for age groups 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15 years were 4.1 + 0.5 mm, 4.4 ± 0.6 mm, and 4.6 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. cIMT did not differ between boys and girls in the same age group. Age related analyses showed significant variations among the age groups with positive correlation between cIMT and age. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that age-related physiologic thickening of the carotid artery intima-media occurs not only in adults but also in children and that sex is not a factor for cIMT differences in childhood.
Complex invasion pattern of the cerebral cortex bymicroglial cells during development of the mouse embryo

Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system. They are suspected to play important roles in adult synaptogenesis and in the development of the neuronal network. Microglial cells originate from progenitors in the yolk sac. Although it was suggested that they invade the cortex at early developmental stages in the embryo, their invasion pattern remains largely unknown. To address this issue we analyzed the pattern of cortical invasion by microglial cells in mouse embryos at the onset of neuronal cell migration using in vivo immunohistochemistry and ex vivo time‐lapse analysis of microglial cells. Microglial cells begin to invade the cortex at 11.5 days of embryonic age (E11.5). They first accumulate at the pial surface and within the lateral ventricles, after which they spread throughout the cortical wall, avoiding the cortical plate region in later embryonic ages. The invasion of the cortical parenchyma occurs in different phases. First, there is a gradual increase of microglial cells between E10.5 and E14.5. From E14.5 to E15.5 there is a rapid phase with a massive increase in microglia, followed by a slow phase again from E15.5 until E17.5. At early stages, many peripheral microglia are actively proliferating before entering the parenchyma. Remarkably, activated microglia accumulate in the choroid plexus primordium, where they are in the proximity of dying cells. Time‐lapse analysis shows that embryonic microglia are highly dynamic cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Removal of fractured implants using the apicoectomy technique and immediate replacement with new implants: case report.

T he use of dental implants for the treatment of edentulous and partially dentate patients with fixed prostheses has increased in recent years. However, despite a high rate of success, some implants fail. The incidence of dental implant fractures is between 0.16% and 1.15%. Implant fracture has 2 main causes. First is the adverse occlusal load that may result in mechanical complications. Overloading can be a consequence of patient physiologic alterations (eg, parafunctional activity, bruxism) or can have a prosthetic origin, for example, an inadequate occlusion, the presence of distal extensions or cantilevers in implant-supported prostheses, and lack of passive fit of the prosthesis over the implants. The other cause of implant fracture is peri-implant vertical bone loss, attributable to both chronic peri-implant inflammation and occlusal trauma. The authors used the apicoectomy approach to retrieve implant fragments not visible in the alveolar arch and to preserve as much bone as possible for the placement of new implants. Creation of a lateral bone breach similar to a window permitted good visualization of the bone condition while avoiding excessive destruction of the maxillary bone, which is usually a consequence of other techniques. The apicoectomy technique is a surgical root approach used to preserve the tooth any time this is possible. To complete a good procedure of primary importance, one must have anatomic knowledge because all depends on correct localization of the root apex. Radiography can help to localize the apex. Then, a full-thickness flap is used to achieve the best location and isolation of the operatory field, and the detachment is executed. The location of the apex is easy to locate after the detachment has been performed, especially when fenestrations or bone swelling is present; in other cases, it is necessary to use the drill to take away the cortical bone above the lesion. The basic surgical procedure includes resection of the root tip (apicoectomy) and periapical curettage. The root canal is exposed and may be 1 Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. 2 Private practice, Parma, Italy. 3 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, Great Britain. * Corresponding author, e-mail: livia.toma@libero.it DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-10-00031.1 CASE LETTER
A Review of Missing Data Handling Methods in Education Research

Missing data are a common occurrence in survey-based research studies in education, and the way missing values are handled can significantly affect the results of analyses based on such data. Despite known problems with performance of some missing data handling methods, such as mean imputation, many researchers in education continue to use those methods as a quick fix. This study reviews the current literature on missing data handling methods within the special context of education research to summarize the pros and cons of various methods and provides guidelines for future research in this area.
Single-Domain Antibodies Targeting Neuraminidase Protect against an H5N1 Influenza Virus Challenge

ABSTRACT Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is an interesting target of small-molecule antiviral drugs. We isolated a set of H5N1 NA-specific single-domain antibodies (N1-VHHm) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo antiviral potential. Two of them inhibited the NA activity and in vitro replication of clade 1 and 2 H5N1 viruses. We then generated bivalent derivatives of N1-VHHm by two methods. First, we made N1-VHHb by genetically joining two N1-VHHm moieties with a flexible linker. Second, bivalent N1-VHH-Fc proteins were obtained by genetic fusion of the N1-VHHm moiety with the crystallizable region of mouse IgG2a (Fc). The in vitro antiviral potency against H5N1 of both bivalent N1-VHHb formats was 30- to 240-fold higher than that of their monovalent counterparts, with 50% inhibitory concentrations in the low nanomolar range. Moreover, single-dose prophylactic treatment with bivalent N1-VHHb or N1-VHH-Fc protected BALB/c mice against a lethal challenge with H5N1 virus, including an oseltamivir-resistant H5N1 variant. Surprisingly, an N1-VHH-Fc fusion without in vitro NA-inhibitory or antiviral activity also protected mice against an H5N1 challenge. Virus escape selection experiments indicated that one amino acid residue close to the catalytic site is required for N1-VHHm binding. We conclude that single-domain antibodies directed against influenza virus NA protect against H5N1 virus infection, and when engineered with a conventional Fc domain, they can do so in the absence of detectable NA-inhibitory activity. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses are a zoonotic threat. Outbreaks of avian influenza caused by these viruses occur in many parts of the world and are associated with tremendous economic loss, and these viruses can cause very severe disease in humans. In such cases, small-molecule inhibitors of the viral NA are among the few treatment options for patients. However, treatment with such drugs often results in the emergence of resistant viruses. Here we show that single-domain antibody fragments that are specific for NA can bind and inhibit H5N1 viruses in vitro and can protect laboratory mice against a challenge with an H5N1 virus, including an oseltamivir-resistant virus. In addition, plant-produced VHH fused to a conventional Fc domain can protect in vivo even in the absence of NA-inhibitory activity. Thus, NA of influenza virus can be effectively targeted by single-domain antibody fragments, which are amenable to further engineering.
Mobile Telephones, Computers, and the Internet: Sex Differences in Adolescents' Use and Attitudes

This study investigated sex differences in mobile telephone, computer, and Internet use and attitudes via self-report questionnaires in 15 and 16 year olds. Significant sex differences were reported for use and computer anxiety, and use and Internet attitudes, although both females and males were generally competent and frequent users of both technologies. No sex differences were reported for either general mobile phone use or expertise, although analysis of specific aspects of use indicated that the sexes favored different phone activities.
Organisational Rules as an Abstraction for the Analysis and Design of Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-agent systems can very naturally be viewed as computational organisations. For this reason, we believe organisational abstractions offer a promising set of metaphors and models that can be exploited in the analysis and design of such systems. To this end, the concept of role models is increasingly being used to specify and design multi-agent systems. However, this is not the full picture. In this paper we introduce three additional organisational concepts - organisational rules , organisational structures, and organisational patterns - and discuss why we believe they are necessary for the complete specification of computational organisations. In particular, we focus on the concept of organisational rules and introduce a formalism, based on temporal logic, to specify them. This formalism is then used to drive the definition of the organisational structure and the identification of the organisational patterns. Finally, the paper sketches some guidelines for a methodology for agent-oriented systems based on our expanded set of organisational abstractions.
Development of a Multidisciplinary Middle School Mathematics Infusion Model.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded project Mathematics, Science, and Technology Partnership(MSTP) developed a multidisciplinary instructional model for connecting mathematics to science, technologyand engineering content areas at the middle school level. Specifically, the model infused mathematics intomiddle school curriculum through the alignment of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM) curriculum, creating a mathematics infused curriculum planning template for teachers, and theimplementation of connected STEM professional development workshops in middle schools. Through datacollected from teachers, admi nistrators, and faculty members involved in these activities, it was found that allinvolved were satisfied with connected curriculum, STEM teachers were able to successfully increase theirown mathematics pedagogy and content knowledge, and students were able to grasp mathematical conceptswhen they were applied in science, technology, or engineering content areas.
Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network national syphilis laboratory testing recommendations: INTRODUCTION

The development of these recommendations arose in the spring of 2009 under the support and recommendation of the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network (CPHLN). The initial group was formed of a federal co-chair (RT), a provincial co-chair (MM) and a CPHLN secretariat lead (SR). An initial environmental scan was performed in 2009, which was published in August 2011 (R Tsang, SM Radons, M Morshed. Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis: A survey to examine the range of tests used in Canada.
A history of hematogenous metastasis.

A systematic survey of pre-20th century literature on hematogenous metastasis has been presented under five broad headings, namely, liberation, transportation, deposition, establishment, and growth. The writings of the old masters deserve more recognition than is usually accorded to them today. It is hoped, therefore, that this review will provide not only a groundwork of references in but also a stimulus for better appreciation of the historical foundations of cancer metastasis.