Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a high performance aeronautical active power filter

With the progress of “More Electric Aircraft”, power capacity of aircraft electric power system is increased. It is not easy for the power-quality characteristics of the system to be in compliance with the harmonic standards by using traditional method to compensate the harmonics introduced by the nonlinear load. Active power filter (APF) gets increasing usage in 50Hz power system for its high performance compensation behavior. In this paper, APF technology is introduced to solve the harmonic problem of aircraft electric power system. Based on analysis and updating two core function modules of APF: current reference generation module and current tracking module, source current direct control strategy and cascaded inverter topology is applied in the proposed aeronautical active power filter (AAPF). Global framework, key technology, and operation principle of the proposed AAPF are presented. In order to verify the compensation performance of the proposed AAPF, a prototype with 1kVA power rating is built and test in the laboratory. Experimental results show that good compensation results are achieved in various kinds of nonlinear load condition.
A monolithic gas flow sensor with polyimide as thermal insulator

A novel small monolithic gas flow sensor has been designed and fabricated by use of micromachining of silicon. Its operation is based on the cooling of an electrically heated mass by the gas flow, and detection of the mass's temperature by a diode. The small size, 0.4 mm by 0.3 mm by 30 µm, of the hot part of the sensor gives a fast thermal response (time constant 50 ms). By using polyimide as a thermal insulator a high gas flow sensitivity is achieved, The shape of the sensor will present very little obstruction to the gas flow and also makes it easy to mount.
Two cases of upper lip correction using multipolydioxanone scaffold

Hyun Ju Ko*, Joon Hyuk Suh†, Sun Young Choi†, Joon Yong Choi‡, Hyoung Jin Moon§, Jin Woo Lee¶, Il-Hong Bae*, Jin Kyu Choi¶, Hyuk Kim*, Won-Seok Park* & Beom Joon Kim† *Medical Beauty Division, R&D Unit, AMOREPACIFIC Corp. Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, †Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, ‡EURO Plastic Surgery & Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, South Korea, §NAVI Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, South Korea and ¶AESTURA Corp. Seoul, South Korea
On the stability of interconnected systems

Theorems are presented concerning conditions for the input-output stability of interconnected dynamical systems. Results in the area of input-output stability are often partitioned into two categories: small-gain type-results and passivity-type results. The main theorem given here does not fall into either of these categories, but is most closely related to the passivity-type results. The theorem involves a new class of interconnection operators that is a substantial generalization of the familiar set of nonnegative operators defined on a space of vector-valued functions.
Sorption of atrazine, propazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine onto organovermiculite

The interaction of atrazine (AT), propazine (PROP), deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and hydroxyatrazine (HAT) was studied with the clay mineral vermiculite saturated with K+ (VTK), and with the mineral modified by insertion of hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium (HDTMA-VT) in the interlayer of VTK. The crude VTK exhibited negligible interaction with AT, PROP and DEA, moderate interaction with DIA and strong interaction with HAT. For the HDTMA-VT materials, removal percentages from aqueous medium for initial concentrations between 0.05 and 1.00 mg L-1 were 56 to 63% for AT, 43 to 45% for DEA, 12 to 19% for HAT and 77 to 78% for PROP. Sorption of AT, DEA and PROP onto HDTMA-VT was significantly enhanced in comparison to VTK. Ionic strength and pH had no significant influence on the sorption process. Desorption of all compounds from HDTMA-VT after 24 h of contact time was between 20 and 30% of the amount initially adsorbed.
The cellular basis for suppressive rod–cone interaction

Abstract The response to spatially focal flicker is enhanced by dim, spatially diffuse, rod-stimulating backgrounds. This effect is called suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI) as it reflects a tonic, suppressive influence of dark-adapted rods upon cone pathways which is removed by selective rod-light adaptation. SRCI is observed in amphibian retina with intracellular recordings from most cone-driven cells including the cones themselves, and is most obvious using stimuli flickering at frequencies too rapid for rods to follow. SRCI is blocked by glutamate analogs which selectively block the photic response of horizontal cells (HCs). In the presence of these agents, flicker responses from bipolar cells and cones are enhanced to levels normally seen only with selective rod-light adaptation. In the HCs themselves, SRCI is similarly blocked by lead chloride which blocks rod-, but not cone-related activity. In amphibian and cat HCs and in human observers, SRCI is limited by a space constant of very similar value (between 100 and 150 μm). We suggest that SRCI in all three species is mediated by HCs: in amphibians, SRCI must at least partially reflect rod-modulation of HC feedback onto cones.
The Comparative Performance of the Public Enterprise Sector in Turkey: A Malmquist Productivity Index Approach

Abstract The public enterprise sector in Turkey has grown appreciably since the 1950's and has made a marked impact on aggregate production, employment, and saving. However, since the early 1980's, public enterprises have been accused of absorbing the government's financial resources and are being held responsible for Turkey's large external debt. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the public sector with that of the private sector for the various subsectors of manufacturing in Turkey. The Malmquist productivity index, constructed using nonparametric linear programming methods, is employed for the relevant comparisons. J. Comp. Econom. , October 1997, 25 (2), pp. 129–157. Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey 06533.
A multiple-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral aripiprazole for treatment of adolescents with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Aripiprazole is a dopamine partial agonist approved for use in adults for short- and long-term treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This study was designed to examine the acute efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole for adolescents with schizophrenia. METHOD This was a 6-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects 13 to 17 years old with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score of 70 or more were randomly assigned (1:1:1 ratio) to placebo or 10 or 30 mg/day of aripiprazole. The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline to endpoint (last observation carried forward) in PANSS total score. Assessments of safety and tolerability included spontaneously reported adverse events, extrapyramidal symptom scores, serum prolactin concentration, body weight, and metabolic measures. RESULTS Of 302 patients, 85% completed the 6-week study. The mean baseline PANSS score was 94.1. At the end of the study, both aripiprazole doses showed statistically significant differences from placebo in reduction in PANSS total score. Adverse events occurring in more than 5% of either aripiprazole group and with a combined incidence at least twice the rate for placebo were extrapyramidal disorder, somnolence, and tremor. Mean changes in prolactin were -8.45, -11.93, and -15.14 ng/ml for placebo and 10 mg and 30 mg of aripirazole, respectively. Mean body weight changes were -0.8, 0.0, and 0.2 kg for placebo and 10 mg and 30 mg of aripiprazole, respectively. CONCLUSION Both 10- and 30-mg/day doses of aripiprazole were superior to placebo in the acute treatment of adolescents with schizophrenia. Aripiprazole was generally well tolerated.
Serotype-Specific Reorganization of the Mre11 Complex by Adenoviral E4orf3 Proteins

ABSTRACT The early transcriptional region 4 (E4) of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) encodes gene products that modulate splicing, apoptosis, transcription, DNA replication, and repair pathways. Viruses lacking both E4orf3 and E4orf6 have a severe replication defect, partially characterized by the formation of genome concatemers. Concatemer formation is dependent upon the cellular Mre11 complex and is prevented by both the E4orf3 and E4orf6 proteins. The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 proteins are targeted for proteasome-mediated degradation by the Ad5 viral E1b55K/E4orf6 complex. The expression of Ad5 E4orf3 causes a redistribution of Mre11 complex members and results in their exclusion from viral replication centers. For this study, we further analyzed the interactions of E4 proteins from different adenovirus serotypes with the Mre11 complex. Analyses of infections with serotypes Ad4 and Ad12 demonstrated that the degradation of Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 proteins is a conserved feature of the E1b55K/E4orf6 complex. Surprisingly, Nbs1 and Rad50 were localized to the replication centers of both Ad4 and Ad12 viruses prior to Mre11 complex degradation. The transfection of expression vectors for the E4orf3 proteins of Ad4 and Ad12 did not alter the localization of Mre11 complex members. The E4orf3 proteins of Ad4 and Ad12 also failed to complement defects in both concatemer formation and late protein production of a virus with a deletion of E4. These results reveal surprising differences among the highly conserved E4orf3 proteins from different serotypes in the ability to disrupt the Mre11 complex.
Surface modification of poly(ε‐caprolactone) porous scaffolds using gelatin hydrogel as the tracheal replacement

This study evaluates the feasibility of poly(ε‐caprolactone) as a tracheal replacement. To improve biocompatibility, the lumen was modified by gelatin hydrogel crosslinked with two different reagents, EDC and genipin. It was found that the choice of crosslinking agents could significantly affect human lung carcinoma cell proliferation. Genipin‐crosslinked gelatin hydrogel had significantly better cell proliferation than EDC‐crosslinked hydrogel. The study further investigated the performance of the PCL tube modified by genipin‐crosslinked gelatin, using a rabbit tracheal implantation model with implants harvested and histologically examined. In vivo results showed that the PCL tube possessed suitable mechanical properties for resisting collapse during implantation. Additionally, PCL modified by genipin‐crosslinked gelatin was found to suppress granulation tissue growth and prolong animal survival time in comparison with the original PCL tube. Genipin could be an effective treatment to reduce granulation tissue formation at the tracheal anastomoses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Symbiotic Dinoflagellates on Respiratory Processes in the Giant Clam Tridacna squamosa

Several aspects of respiratory gas exchange are distinctive in the giant clam Tridacna squamosa, which obtains nutrients from symbiotic dinoflagellates found in the mantle. During the day, when more oxygen is produced than consumed by the host and its symbionts, oxygen extraction is negative. Exhalant water P02 is higher than inhalant water P02, and prebranchial blood P02 is higher than heart blood P02. Ventilation of the mantle cavity and the gills continues, which rids the system of much excess oxygen and, possibly, prevents the formation of gas bubbles in the blood, which is supersaturated. In the dark, when the oxygen balance shifts to a rate of uptake that is unexceptional among lamellibranchs, the ventilation rate remains low and oxygen extraction high relative to species that rely exclusively on an exogenous food source. On a 24-hr basis, the total oxygen uptake exceeded the total oxygen production. tions a body weight ofmore than I megagram, a figure that probably includes the shell. Respiratory gas exchange in tridacnids has been investigated largely from an ecological and nutritional point of view. Previous investigators agree that, in the presence of sunlight, more oxygen is produced than consumed by the clam and its zooxanthellae (Jaubert 1977; Johannes et al. 1974; Wells, Wells, and Van Derwalker 1973; Yonge 1936). However, the daily O2 balance, or the ratio between net O2 consumption and net photosynthetic O2 production during a 24-hr period, is the subject of some disagreement, with estimates ranging from negative (Yonge 1936) to strongly positive (Johannes et al. 1974, Wells et al. 1973) to virtual unity (Jaubert 1977). The shift from filtration of exogenous phytoplankton to symbiosis with endogenous algae as a mode of nutrition raises additional questions concerning the respiratory adaptations of tridacnids. As shown many years ago, the use of the gill as a feeding as well as respiratory organ is accompanied by extremely high velocity ventilation and low extraction of oxygen from the water current (Hazelhoff 1938). Food replaces oxygen as the critical variable in short supply in the water
Pilot programme using social network interviews to screen high-risk adolescents and young adults

Objective To describe a pilot programme that consisted of identifying, contacting and providing HIV testing to members of social and sexual networks of HIV-infected youth patients as a part of routine clinical care at an adolescent HIV clinic in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Methods Forty-nine sexually active HIV-infected adolescent patients were interviewed about their social and sexual contacts at a routine HIV clinic visit. A trained community health worker located these referred social and sexual contacts, and encouraged them to make an appointment for HIV counselling, testing and referral (CTR) services. Results During a period of 18 months, 26 index youths provided locating information on 53 first-generation contacts and these 53 contacts provided information on 16 second-generation contacts. A total of 32 contacts received counselling services and 25 were tested for HIV infection, yielding three new HIV-positive individuals. Conclusion As a part of standard care for regular visits of HIV-infected youth patients, interviewing about their social and sexual contacts could be a viable strategy in identifying high-risk youths for HIV infection and subsequent CTR services.
Alpha‐adrenoceptors are a common denominator in the pathophysiology of erectile function and BPH/LUTS – implications for clinical practice

A literature search of PubMed documented publications and abstracts from proceedings of scientific meetings was made to review the available data on benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) with a special focus on the role of α‐adrenoceptors as critical mediators of pathophysiology. The reader is introduced to clinical results on the therapeutic potential of α‐blockers alone and in combination with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE‐5) inhibitors in the treatment of ED associated with LUTS/BPH. Epidemiological studies clearly show that an association exists between ED and LUTS/BPH. The severity of LUTS is correlated with the risk for ED. A significant number of LUTS/BPH patients are nonresponsive to the common ED treatment with PDE‐5 inhibitors. As smooth muscle contractility is regulated by adrenoceptors in the corpus cavernosum, prostate and detrusor, the α‐adrenoceptor system may be considered a common pathophysiological mediator in the development of ED and LUTS/BPH. Blockade of α‐adrenoceptors for the treatment of BPH/LUTS may have the potential of improving sexual function. Conversely, PDE‐5 inhibitors may exhibit positive effects in LUTS patients. Pilot studies on combination regimens of α‐adrenoceptor antagonists and PDE‐5 inhibitors have yielded encouraging results in LUTS patients with persistent ED. On the basis of pharmacological and clinical evidence, it is established that the α‐adrenoceptor system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ED and LUTS secondary to BPH. Larger trials on the combination of α‐adrenoceptor antagonists with PDE‐5 inhibitors are necessary to develop an integrated treatment approach for BPH/LUTS patients with comorbid ED.
ALGORITHMIC IDEOLOGY

This article investigates how the new spirit of capitalism gets inscribed in the fabric of search algorithms by way of social practices. Drawing on the tradition of the social construction of technology (SCOT) and 17 qualitative expert interviews it discusses how search engines and their revenue models are negotiated and stabilized in a network of actors and interests, website providers and users first and foremost. It further shows how corporate search engines and their capitalist ideology are solidified in a socio-political context characterized by a techno-euphoric climate of innovation and a politics of privatization. This analysis provides a valuable contribution to contemporary search engine critique mainly focusing on search engines' business models and societal implications. It shows that a shift of perspective is needed from impacts search engines have on society towards social practices and power relations involved in the construction of search engines to renegotiate search engines and their algorithmic ideology in the future.
Why aging?

senescence. Aging obviously must be defined in terms of life and time. In most contexts the concept of time is based on velocity, and the direction of time determined by the second law of thermodynamics-that is, entropy as a measure of disorder. As time advances disorder increases. Thus, time breeds disorder in systems that are animate as well as those that are inanimate. In fact, life and death can probably be best defined in terms of entropy and equilibrium. The important point remains that aging is apparently due to an increased disorder in the system, which interestingly predicts that aging cannot occur at the temperature of absolute zero. For a formal definition of aging one might use
Regulation of class I major histocompatibility complex receptor expression in natural killer cells: one promoter is not enough!

Summary: The class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) receptors expressed by natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in regulating their function. The number and type of inhibitory receptors expressed by NK cells must be tightly controlled in order to avoid the generation of dominantly inhibited NK cells. The selective stochastic expression of the class I MHC receptors generates a variegated NK cell population capable of discriminating subtle changes in MHC expression on potential target cells. The molecular mechanisms controlling the cell‐specific and probabilistic expression of these receptors are without doubt very complex. The traditional approach of considering a core promoter modulated by upstream enhancer elements is likely too simplistic a paradigm to adequately explain the regulation of these genes, as well as other gene clusters that are not expressed in an ‘all or none’ fashion. Our studies on the regulation of the mouse Ly49 and human killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) clusters of class I MHC receptor genes have revealed the presence of multiple transcripts in both sense and antisense orientations. In both systems, an antisense promoter overlaps a promoter that produces sense transcripts, creating a bidirectional element. In the Ly49 genes, the competing promoters behave as probabilistic switches, and it is likely that the human bidirectional promoters will have a similar property. The antisense transcripts generated in the Ly49 genes are far removed from the promoter responsible for Ly49 expression in mature NK cells, whereas the antisense KIR transcripts detected are within the adult promoter region. This finding suggests that the mechanism of promoter regulation in the KIR genes may be quite different from that of the Ly49 genes. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding class I MHC receptor gene regulation. The models proposed for the control of the probabilistic expression of the Ly49 and KIR genes are discussed in the context of current knowledge regarding the complex control of other well‐studied gene clusters such as the β‐globin and cytokine clusters.
Adaptation of Neuromuscular Synergies During Intentional Constraints of Space-Time Relationships in Human Gait

Abstract Tight frequency-to-amplitude relationships are observed in spontaneous human steady gait. They can be modified, if required; that flexibility forms a fundamental basis of the intentional adaptive capabilities of locomotion. In the present experiments, the processes underlying that flexibility were investigated at both the level of joint kinematics and the level of neuromuscular synergies. Subjects (N = 4) walked at the same speed either with a preferred or a nonpreferred frequency-to-amplitude relationship (i.e., constrained, short steps at a high frequency [COS condition] or constrained, long steps at a low frequency [COL condition]); their swing and stance phases were separately analyzed. In the COS condition, increases in EMG activity were specifically required during the swing phase. In the COL condition, several muscles required increases in EMG activity during the stance phase, but decreases of the hamstring muscles were needed during the swing phase. Whereas, in preferred walking, modification of the frequency affects the EMG patterns globally (the gain increasing with the frequency in both the stance and swing phases), the present results show that changing the frequency in a constrained manner either affects the swing phase specifically or affects both phases, but in the opposite direction. That finding indicates mat a separate control is needed in both the swing and the stance phases.
Influence of gate structures and electrical boundary conditions on self turn-on of HV IGBTs

The Self Turn-ON influences the turn-ON and short-circuit behaviour of the IGBT. This is a positive feedback by the IGBT on itself and increases its turn-ON speed. The strength of the effect depends on the gate structure's design. Therefore, IGBTs with different gate structures are investigated with TCAD simulations. Additionally, its influence during Fault under Load is investigated.