Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRAUMA AND THERMAL INJURY 9 INJURIES TO THE PANCREAS AND DUODENUM

10/08 Duodenal and pancreatic injury continues to challenge the trauma surgeon. The relatively rare occurrence of these injuries, the diffi culty in making a timely diagnosis, and high morbidity and mortality rates justify the anxiety these unforgiving injuries invoke. These issues also likely explain the hesitancy of many to address pancreatic injuries with operative intervention and the most recent literature exploring the options and consequences of nonoperative managment.1–3 Mortality rates for pancreatic trauma range from 9 to 34%, with a mean rate of 19%. Duodenal injuries are similarly lethal, with mortality rates ranging from 6 to 25%. Complications following duodenal or pancreatic injuries are alarmingly frequent, occurring in 30 to 60% of patients.4–6 Recognized early, the operative treatment of most duodenal and pancreatic injuries is straightforward, with low morbidity and mortality. Recognized late, these injuries result in a protracted, diffi cult clinical course, often ending in a devastating outcome.7–11
Yurchenco Basement Membranes : Cell Scaffoldings and Signaling Platforms

References http://cshperspectives.cshlp. org/content/3/2/a004911.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 229 articles, 119 of which can be accessed free service Email alerting click here box at the top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the Subject collections (9 articles) Extracellular Matrix Biology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Effect of pH on the efficiency of growth by pure cultures of rumen bacteria in continuous culture

A total of 10 strains of rumen bacteria, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, Megasphaera elsdenii B159, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38, Streptococcus bovis JB1, Lactobacillus vitulinus GA1, Bacteroides ruminicola B14, B. ruminicola GA33, Ruminococcus albus 7, Ruminococcus flavefaciens C94, and Bacteroides succinogenes S85, were grown in energy-limiteH of the medium reservoir was lowered approximately 0.3 pH units, and the energy source concentration remaining in the culture vessel, optical density, cell mass, and pH were determined. A low pH appeared to have a detrimental effect on cell yields. Large variations were seen among strains in both the magnitude of yield depressions at lower pH values and in the pH at which the culture washed out. Lactate analysis indicated ta are discussed in relation to the effect of pH on the efficiency of protein synthesis in the rumen and rumen microbial ecology.
Inactive Matrix Gla-Protein Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in an Adult Population–Based Study

Increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a marker of aortic stiffness and an independent predictor of mortality. Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is a vascular calcification inhibitor that needs vitamin K to be activated. Inactive MGP, known as desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), can be measured in plasma and has been associated with various cardiovascular markers, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality. In this study, we hypothesized that high levels of dp-ucMGP are associated with increased PWV. We recruited participants via a multicenter family-based cross-sectional study in Switzerland. Dp-ucMGP was quantified in plasma by sandwich ELISA. Aortic PWV was determined by applanation tonometry using carotid and femoral pulse waveforms. Multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate associations between PWV and dp-ucMGP adjusting for age, renal function, and other cardiovascular risk factors. We included 1001 participants in our analyses (475 men and 526 women). Mean values were 7.87±2.10 m/s for PWV and 0.43±0.20 nmol/L for dp-ucMGP. PWV was positively associated with dp-ucMGP both before and after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, renal function, low- and high-density lipoprotein, glucose, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, BP and cholesterol lowering drugs, and history of cardiovascular disease (P⩽0.01). In conclusion, high levels of dp-ucMGP are independently and positively associated with arterial stiffness after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, and age. Experimental studies are needed to determine whether vitamin K supplementation slows arterial stiffening by increasing MGP carboxylation.
Increasing wind capacity value in Tasmania using wind and hydro power coordination

Wind power penetration is increasing in power system in many countries. To mitigate wind power fluctuations and maximize clean energy utilization, coordinating wind and hydro power is proposed in the literature. This paper investigates the benefits of coordinating hydro generators with wind farms, from reliability point of view in Tasmania, Australia. Reliability indices are computed in generation system adequacy assessment using the state sampling Monte Carlo technique. In accordance with these indices the capacity value of Tasmania's wind power is calculated and the impact of hydro power coordination on this value is demonstrated. The results show that using hydro units to support wind power will improve the capacity value of the wind farms regarding their wind regime and the combined capacity.
Tirapazamine with cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study.

PURPOSE A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirapazamine combined with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC were treated with a combination of tirapazamine and cisplatin. Patients received tirapazamine 260 mg/m2 administered intravenously over 2 hours, followed 1 hour later by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 administered over an additional hour, repeated every 21 days. The duration of therapy was meant to be limited to four cycles for nonresponders and eight cycles for responders. RESULTS Ten of 44 patients (23%) showed a partial response. The estimated median survival for all patients was 37 weeks. Toxicities were treatable and included grade 3 nausea or vomiting (25%), fatigue (27.3%), and muscle cramps (4.5%). No dose reductions were necessary. CONCLUSION The results show that tirapazamine can safely be added to cisplatin. Both the median survival and response rate observed strongly suggest that tirapazamine with cisplatin is more active than cisplatin alone.
Model of Staphylococcus aureus central venous catheter-associated infection in rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of intravascular catheter-associated bacteremia. We developed a rat central venous catheter (CVC)-associated infection model to study pathogenesis and treatment. METHODS A silastic lumen-within-lumen catheter and rodent-restraint jacket were designed. Subcutaneously tunneled catheters were inserted in the jugular vein of 20 male Sprague Dawley rats. Twelve rats (group 1) were inoculated with S. aureus via the CVC; three rats (group 2) were inoculated with S. aureus via the tail vein, five rats (group 3) served as uninfected controls; and three rats (group 4) were inoculated with S. aureus via the tail vein but did not undergo CVC insertion. Five to eight days after inoculation, animals were euthanized, CVCs were aseptically removed, and quantitative culture was done. Quantitative culture also was performed on blood, heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys. RESULTS Infection, characterized by bacteremia and metastatic disease, was observed in all rats inoculated via the CVC with as few as 100 colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus. Rats of group 2 were not as likely to develop CVC-associated infection, and none of the animals of groups 3 or 4 developed infection. CONCLUSIONS This model of CVC-associated infection should prove suitable for studying pathogenesis and treatment of the condition.
Effect of Climbing Fiber Deprivation on Release of Endogenous Aspartate, Glutamate, and Homocysteate in Slices of Rat Cerebellar Hemispheres and Vermis

Abstract: Aspartate (Asp) and/or glutamate (Glu) have been proposed as putative excitatory transmitters released from synaptic terminals of the olivo‐cerebellar climbing fiber afferents to the Purkinje cells. Investigations of the climbing fiber transmitter(s) separately for hemispheres and vermis were performed to examine whether the current controversy over the role of Asp as a neurotransmitter in the climbing fibers may be due to topographic differences. K+‐induced Ca2+‐dependent release of endogenous substances was investigated in slices of cerebellar hemisphere and vermis of control rats and those deprived of climbing fibers by 3‐acetylpyridine (3‐AP) treatment. A release of Asp and Glu, as well as a small but significant release of homocysteic acid (HCA) was confirmed in control rats. Climbing fiber deprivation by 3‐AP treatment reduced the stimulated release of Asp by 48% in slices of cerebellar hemispheres, but not in vermis. Climbing fiber deprivation completely abolished the release of HCA in both hemispheres and vermis. The release of HCA, Asp, and Glu from slices of control and climbing fiber‐deprived rats evoked by 50 mMK+ was >90% Ca2+‐dependent. These results support the hypothesis that Asp is a transmitter candidate of the climbing fibers projecting to the cerebellar hemispheres, but not to the vermis, and provide the first evidence that HCA can be linked to a specific pathway.
The effect of a copper-releasing intrauterine device on sperm penetration in human cervical mucus in vitro.

Improvements in the acceptability and effectiveness of the IUD involve developments in design of its shape such as the Dalkon Shield (Davis, 1971), or the addition ofa copper-releasing wire to the inert plastic material of the device, which was first reported by Zipper, Medel & Prager (1968). The copper could act at any stage in the reproductive process. It could interfere with sperm transport, destroy the fertilized egg or blastocyst, disturb the intrauterine environment preventing implantation, or might owe its effectiveness to a combination of actions. In rats, the presence of copper in one uterine horn does not affect implantation in the other horn (Chang & Tatum, 1970), indicating that the effect is local. It was also observed in rats that a copper implant in the uterus did not interfere with fertilization but prevented implantation. It has been suggested that this prevention of implantation may be due to the specific attraction of leucocytes into the uterine lumen (Cuadros & Hirsch, 1972). It is not possible, however, to extrapolate completely from animal experiments to man as repro¬ ductive mechanisms vary considerably. We decided to study the effect of the copper released from these IUDs on the transport of spermatozoa through cervical mucus, the physical properties of which vary throughout the menstrual cycle. Sperm penetration is maximal at mid-cycle when the mucus is of low viscosity and free of cells and exhibits the rheological property of spinnbarkeit. Cervical mucus was obtained from normal women at mid-cycle and incubated with a copper-coated stem of the Gravigard IUD (Searle) in a humidity chamber at 37° C for 20 hr. Another portion of each mucus sample was incu¬ bated for the same length of time without a copper IUD. The average volume'of each sample incubated was 0-2 ml. After 20 hr, the spinnbarkeit of each sample was tested (Clift, 1945), and a capillary sperm penetration test was performed (Kremer, 1965), using normal motile spermatozoa from the same specimen of semen which was used for each pair of mucus samples. The linear penetration of the spermatozoa was recorded in millimetres, and theirmotility was assessed. A portion of the mucus was also assayed for copper, using spectrophotometry and oxalydihydrazide based on a method described by Rice (1960). After incubation with the copper, there was a loss of spinnbarkeit. The mucus became watery and could not be drawn out into threads, confirming the findings
EARNINGS BENCHMARKS AND TIMELINESS OF AUDIT REPORTS: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM AS MODERATING VARIABLE

This study examines the relationship the tendency of management to meet earnings targets (earnings benchmarks) and the timeliness of audit reports. The timeliness of audit reports is measured by the number of days from the date of fiscal year-end of the financial statements until the date of the audit report. While the tendency to meet the earnings target is measured using a tendency to report a slight of net income and little change in earnings compared with previous year. This study also examines the role of corporate governance mechanisms through the role of board of directors and audit committees in relation to earnings management’s tendency to meet earnings targets and the timeliness of audit reports. Using 419 firm-years observation of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2009-2014, as well as using multiple regression, these studies did not find evidence that earnings management using a tendency to meet earnings targets affect the timeliness of audit report. However, by using 300 firm-years observation from manufacturing industry listed on IDX for the year 2010-2014, I found weak evidence that corporate governance mechanism through the role of board of commissioners and audit committee have a moderating role that weaken the positive relationship between the tendency to meet earnings targets with the timeliness of the audit report. Keywords : earnings benchmarks, audit report timeliness, corporate governance, board of commissioner, audit committee
Meta-analysis of hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease.

BACKGROUND Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are implicated in the development of atherosclerotic and venous thromboembolic disease. A meta-analysis of the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia (hyper-Hcy) was performed. METHODS Studies were identified through MEDLINE (January 1980 to August 1997) using search terms related to both Hcy and VTE. The bibliographies of all review articles and letters were searched for additional relevant articles. English-language studies were selected if they included 10 or more human subjects; a measurement of the plasma, serum, or whole-blood Hcy level; the presence of VTE; and primary data that were not published elsewhere. Seventy-two articles were retrieved, of which 9 met all inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on the study type, subject demographics, methods for matching control subjects with case patients, whether an objective method was used to diagnose VTE, and whether other causes of thrombophilia and elevated Hcy levels were considered. The mean Hcy levels, both in the fasting state and following methionine loading, if done, were recorded, as were the number of patients and control subjects with Hcy levels greater than 2 SDs or greater than the 95th percentile above the mean value of the control group. RESULTS Nine case-control studies measured fasting plasma Hcy levels, and 5 also measured Hcy values after methionine loading. All 9 studies showed a similar qualitative trend in fasting levels in the associated risk for hyper-Hcy and VTE. The corresponding pooled odds ratio was 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 2.08-4.17; 2-sided P<.001), with no evidence for heterogeneity across the studies (P = .50). Following methionine loading, the trend was also toward increasing the risk of VTE with hyper-Hcy (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.85; 2-sided P = .01). Again, no evidence of heterogeneity was found (P = .65). The pooled odds ratio for VTE in the presence of hyper-Hcy rose to 4.37 (95% confidence interval, 1.94-9.84) when studies with patients older than 60 years were excluded. Limitations of the individual studies included a lack of proper matching of patients with control subjects, a limited description of subject recruitment, and a failure to test for other hypercoagulable mechanisms and other causes of elevated Hcy levels, such as renal insufficiency or folate deficiency. CONCLUSIONS A significant risk for VTE in the presence of hyper-Hcy apparently exists among a spectrum of patients with first or recurrent venous thromboembolic events. This risk appears to be most significant for patients with VTE disease before age 60 years. A well-designed prospective study is needed to confirm these findings.
Experiential Gifts Foster Stronger Social Relationships Than Material Gifts

Interpersonal relationships are essential to well-being, and gifts are often given to cultivate these relationships. To inform gift givers of what to give and to gain insight into the connecting function of gifts, this research investigates what type of gift is better at strengthening relationships according to gift recipients—material gifts (objects for recipients to keep) or experiential gifts (events for recipients to live through). Experiments examining actual gift exchanges in real-life relationships reveal that experiential gifts produce greater improvements in relationship strength than material gifts, regardless of whether the gift giver and recipient consume the gift together. The relationship improvements that recipients derive from experiential gifts stem from the intensity of emotion that is evoked when they consume the gifts, rather than when the gifts are received. Giving experiential gifts is thus identified as a highly effective form of prosocial spending.
Predicting How People Play Games: A Simple Dynamic Model of Choice

We use the simple dynamic model developed in Sarin and Vahid (1999, Games and Economic Behavior, 28, 294–309) to explain the experiments reported in Erev and Roth (1998, American Economic Review, 88, 848–881). In an earlier paper (Sarin and Vahid (1998, mimeo, Texas A&M University and Monash University)) we showed that the model predicted behavior in repeated coordination games remarkably well, and better than equilibrium theory or reinforcement learning models. In this paper we show that the same one-parameter model can also explain behavior in games with a unique mixed strategy Nash equilibrium better than alternative models. Hence, we obtain further support for the simple dynamic model. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C7, D8.
INTERNAL AUDIT CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN NIGERIA

The basic goal of Accounting is to provide enabling accounting information for reliable decision-making. The quality level of this accounting information comes from the company's governance practices, thereby emphasizing the importance of corporate governance in companies. Recently, following the financial crises resulting in accounting scandals, attention has been moving towards Internal Audit Function as an important factor in the structure of Corporate Governance. This paper therefore examined the extent of the relationship between internal audit function and the quality of accounting information of companies. The study adopted the Survey research design. The research instrument employed was Questionnaire which was administered to internal auditors of the “Big Four”. Linear regression analysis was employed in the analysis of the data collected with the use of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between the internal audit characteristics and the quality of accounting information. It was recommended that in order to provide credibility to the financial statement, there should be a law in place mandating attachment of internal auditors report to the financial statement
The Costs and Benefits of Genetic Heterogeneity in Resistance against Parasites in Social Insects

The occurrence of polygyny and polyandry in social insects has long puzzled evolutionary biologists. If cooperation requires genetic relatedness, how do we explain the occurrence and maintenance of mechanisms that reduce the degree of relatedness among colony members? A much‐discussed hypothesis states that genetically diverse colonies are more resistant to parasitism than homogenous colonies because genetic diversity reduces the spread of a disease within a colony. However, as we will argue in this note, a necessary condition for the parasite hypothesis is that genetically heterogeneous colonies have a larger suite of parasites that are capable of infecting them. This implicit relationship is important because it implies that even if the cost per infection is reduced, this may not be sufficient to offset the increased rate of acquiring infections. The advantages of genetic heterogeneity as a defense against parasites thus may not be as big as commonly thought.
Improvement of psoriasis vulgaris with oral nickel dibromide.

A possible connection between nickel and the pathogenesis of psoriasis is indicated in at least 2 diverse studies.1,2Bromide absorption has been proposed as a beneficial factor in psoriasis treatment at the Dead Sea, and bromide salts were found to have an antiproliferative effect on cell growth in cultures.3A pilot study was designed to evaluate the effect of oral nickel and bromide therapy on psoriasis vulgaris. Subjects and Methods. This was a 2-period (12 weeks in each period), placebo-controlled, crossover study with a 48-hour washout between periods (the biological half-life of serum nickel ranges from 11-28 hours). 4Patients were evaluated at baseline and every 4 weeks thereafter. Eligible patients with at least 5% body surface area of plaque-type psoriasis were recruited from the clinic (Steven A. Smith, MD, Dermatology PC, Tulsa, Okla) patient database. Patients were instructed to discontinue all psoriasis treatments at least 2 weeks
Crystal structure of the Acidaminococcus fermentans 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase component A.

Acidaminococcus fermentans degrades glutamate via the hydroxyglutarate pathway, which involves the syn-elimination of water from (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA in a key reaction of the pathway. This anaerobic process is catalyzed by 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase, an enzyme with two components (A and D) that reversibly associate during reaction cycles. Component A (CompA), a homodimeric protein of 2x27 kDa, contains a single, bridging [4Fe-4S] cluster and uses the hydrolysis of ATP to deliver an electron to the dehydratase component (CompD), where the electron is used catalytically. The structure of the extremely oxygen-sensitive CompA protein was solved by X-ray crystallography to 3 A resolution. The protein was found to be a member of the actin fold family, revealing a similar architecture and nucleotide-binding site. The key differences between CompA and other members of the actin fold family are: (i) the presence of a cluster binding segment, the "cluster helix"; (ii) the [4Fe-4S] cluster; and (iii) the location of the homodimer interface, which involves the bridging cluster. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed in light of the close structural similarity to members of the actin-fold family and the functional similarity to the nitrogenase Fe- protein.
ALIGNING BUSINESS STRATEGY WITH THE SUPPLY PROCESS THROUGH EFFECTIVE SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORATION

The alignment of the product strategy with the supply chain process is a key for the firm to adopt a strategic behavior enabling competitive value creation over time. Collaborative efforts to coordinate involved activity units are necessary for this strategic alignment. But it is often mentioned that there are difficulties to implement such collaborative efforts. Those difficulties come from organizational barriers and uncertainties related to potential performances by the alignment of the product strategy with the process. In this study we focus on how to reduce the uncertainties in the supply chain process based on actual successful collaboration cases. The cases are drawn from the digital still camera market involving high uncertainties, especially the demand uncertainty. We will suggest that the collaborative efforts should be implemented systematically under a normative perspective that contributes to the reduction of the uncertainties in order to secure the competitive alignment over time.