Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling VOCs Emissions in Coal Fired Power Stations using Perfectly Stirred Reactor Approach

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from coal-fired power stations. A quantitative understanding of the chemistry controlling the formation and destruction of these intermediate species is a prerequisite for the realistic modelling of pollutant formation in flames. Therefore, well investigated skeletal reaction mechanism has been built and introduced into perfectly stirred reactor model in order to accomplish prediction of some of these hazardous important intermediate species. This can be great help in considering lack of experimental VOCs data from fossil fuel fired power stations. Predicted results have been validated against ICSTM Furnace data where possible. The performance of the model against the large laboratory scale experimental data has resulted in considerable confidence in the use of this model for a full-scale boiler configuration. But, more confidence will be forthcoming from an increase in the amount of validation data, which is unluckily lacking at the moment. Furthermore, the model can be used in order to provide deeper insight into the formation processes of VOC species emitted from coalfired power stations. However, this can be accomplished far better by including more elementary reactions into the skeletal reaction mechanism.
Causal inference and the design of clinical trials in the community environment: a pilot study of allergen-reduction for the amelioration of childhood asthma.

VII 0 INTRODUCTION 1 1 TESTING CAUSALITY WITHIN THE COMMUNITY SETTING 15 2 SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW 24 2.1 THE SEARCH STRATEGY 25 2.2 RANGE OF STUDY DESIGNS 26 2.2.1 Randomised Controlled Trials 26 2.2.2 Placebo-controlled RCTs 26 2.2.3 Three-way RCTs (Factorial Design) 27 2.2.4 Four-way factorial design 28 2.2. 5 Randomised placebo-controlled cross-over design 28 2.2. 6 Non-randomised controlled trials 29 2.2. 7 Non-controlled, non-randomised, before-and-after studies 29 2.2. 8 Blinding 29 2.2. 9 Design features to assess potential confounding factors 31 2.2.10 Summary 31 2.3 RANGE OF ALLERGENS THAT WERE TARGETED AND INTERVENTIONS THAT WERE TESTED 32 2.4 OUTCOME MEASURES 32 2.4. 1 Allergen-reduction as the primary outcome-measure 33 2.4. 2 Personal exposure to allergens 34 2.4. 3 Asthma outcome measures 35
Reduction of HIV-virion Transport for Prevention of HIV Transmission

Reduction of HIV-virion Transport for Prevention of HIV Transmission by Bonnie E. Lai Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ David F. Katz, Ph.D., Supervisor ___________________________ S. Munir Alam, Ph.D. ___________________________ David C. Montefiori, Ph.D. ___________________________ George A. Truskey, Ph.D. ___________________________ Fan Yuan, Ph.D. An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biomedical Engineering in the Graduate School of Duke University
APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI RAPORT ONLINE (STUDI KASUS: MI DARUL MUTA’ALLIMIEN LEUWILIANG BOGOR)

Raport Online merupakan konsep manipulasi data nilai siswa yang dilakukan melalui jaringan media elektronik. Dengan tujuan mendukung proses pemberian nilai terhadap siswa oleh guru dan memberikan kemudahan terhadap guru dalam proses perhitungan nilai melalui sistem yang dibuat. Manfaat pembuatan sistem aplikasi ini adalah sebagai bahan evaluasi terhadap sistem yang sedang berjalan dan menghasilkan suatu informasi yang cepat dan akurat dalam membantu dan memudahkan proses memberikan nilai pada setiap kegiatan ulangan harian hingga ujian akhir semester. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan berwawancara langsung dengan salah satu guru atau wali kelas di MI Darul Muta’allimien, observasi terhadap kegiatan penginputan nilai MI Darul Muta’allimien beserta studi pustaka. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan Sistem Informasi Raport Online Kurikulum 2013 Berbasis Web adalah Waterfall, yang dimulai dengan perencanaan yang tentu saja harus matang, dilanjutkan dengan proses Analisa yang cukup panjang, lalu merancang sistem yang akan dibuat jika telah selesai maka sistem ini siap untuk di implementasikan, setelah implementasi tentu saja ada pemeliharaan sistem yang berkala. Karena sistem akan terus berkembang. Sistem ini akan digunakan oleh para guru di jenjang MI/SD sederajat yang telah menerapkan kurikulum 2013. Tentu saja aplikasi sitem informasi raport online ini akan sangat memudahkan dalam pengolahan nilai pada kurikulum 2013 yang dimana beberapa guru mengeluh perihal pengolahan nilainya.
Subseasonal Influences of Teleconnection Patterns on the Boreal Wintertime Surface Air Temperature over Southern China as Revealed from Three Reanalysis Datasets

The daily fields from three reanalysis datasets are utilized to explore the subseasonal influence of teleconnection patterns on the surface air temperature (SAT) over southern China. Due to the similarity of the results from the different datasets, the ensemble mean is then used in this study. After applying the false discovery rate to the significance test, the composite results reveal that positive Western Pacific (WP) events, East Atlantic (EA) events, Scandinavian (SCA) events, and Eastern Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) events are the teleconnection events that have an influence on SAT anomalies over southern China. The timing of inducing significant SAT anomalies over southern China is similar among positive WPevents, EA events and EAWR events, i.e., approximately the first 5-day period after their peak day. In contrast, SCA events exert a lagged significant influence on SAT, i.e., during approximately the second 6-day period after their peak day. Therefore, considering that significant circulation anomalies generally begin to appear at least 4 days before the peak day, these teleconnection events could be used as subseasonal predictors for SAT anomalies over southern China.
Additive manufacturing of the high-performance thermoplastic : Experimental study and numerical simulation of the Fused Filament Fabrication

Additive manufacturing (AM) refers to a wide variety of manufacturing processes for rapid prototyping and production of final and semi-final products. In opposite to conventional or subtractive processes, in additive manufacturing, the material is gradually added layer by layer to form the parts. AM enables the fabrication of complex parts which were impossible or not cost-effective to manufacture with the traditional processes. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is based on the melting of a polymeric filament in an extruder; the filament is then deposited layer by layer to manufacture the final parts. Despite growing interest from industries and a large audience in recent years, these manufacturing processes are still not well mastered, especially for not mass-produced polymers. In this thesis, we will take an insight into the printability of PEEK (Polyetheretherketone). The aim is to find the printing conditions to obtain the best quality of the printed parts by FFF process. In the first step, we have determined the polymer properties influencing the quality of the printed parts by FFF. The rheological properties, the surface tension, the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion have been determined experimentally. Then, the coalescence phenomenon of the polymeric filaments has been studied by experimental, analytical and numerical simulation. Furthermore, the stability of the filament and its flow properties when it exits from the extruder in the FFF process has been determined by experimental, analytical and numerical simulation. Then, we have focused on the determination of the die swelling of PEEK extrudate. Lastly, the kinetics of isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of PEEK has been studied by experimental study. The kinetics of crystallization has been applied to FFF process by numerical simulation in order to determine the optimum environment temperature to control the crystallization of printed parts. The crystallization of PEEK reaches its maximum value (about 22%) of crystallization during the deposition. Furthermore, the crystallization releases heat in the system that increases the temperature of the deposited bead gradually up to 20 ℃.
Ethnobotany of Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. in Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh, India.

An ethnobotanical study among the various tribal and folk communities of Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh was carried out during the year 2004-2007. Detailed first hand information on ethnobotanical uses of Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. , an endangered tree species, was collected, which accounts for many ethnical uses in the study area. The tribal and folk communities use the various parts of it for the treatment of their different ailments and diseases, viz. delivery (bark), bone fracture (leaf), body pain (root), piles (leaf), diabetes (bark), diarrhoea and dysentery (bark), etc.
Influence of electronic band structure on the efficiency of mid-infrared photonic devices.

The advances in semiconductor technology coupled with the potential of lab-on-chip spectroscopy, long wavelength telecommunications and small-scale optical interconnects has invigorated academic and commercial interest in mid-infrared optoelectronics. However, significant challenges remain. This thesis explores two approaches for mid-infrared optoelectronic lasers. Type-I GaSb quantum well lasers exhibit some of the highest performance metrics of any semiconductor laser system in the 2 μm – 3 μm wavelength range. However, the threshold current density increases substantially with increasing wavelength and temperature, impacting component reliability and the overall efficiency of a laser-based optoelectronic system. Through a combination of temperature and hydrostatic pressure techniques, Auger recombination is identified as the dominant cause for the performance degradation of type-I mid-infrared laser with increasing wavelength and temperature. Using hydrostatic pressure measurements, the wavelength dependence of the Auger coefficient over the 2 μm - 3 μm range is constructed, revealing two important regimes. At wavelengths 2 μm, the CHSH process is effectively suppressed due to the energetic separation between the lasing energy and the spin-orbit split-off band. In this regime another Auger process, such as CHCC or CHLH recombination begins to dominate, increasing exponentially with wavelength. The temperature dependence of the radiative and non-radiative threshold current density indicates that this Auger process has an activated character and is sensitive to the intrinsic properties of the quantum well band structure. To leverage the advanced manufacturing capabilities and high yields of the Si-microelectronics industry, there is intense research activity to realise CMOS compatible optoelectronics. One emerging strategy is to augment the optical properties of group-IV materials through band structure engineering, such as incorporating Sn into the Ge lattice. Hydrostatic pressure measurements of the GeSn absorption edge exhibit an intermediate pressure coefficient between that of the Γ and L conduction band critical points. This is indicative of strong band mixing effects in the GeSn alloy. In the presence of band mixing the conventional distinction between the indirect and direct band gap breaks down. Instead it is more appropriate to discuss the nature of the band gap in terms of the fractional Γ-character of the conduction band states at the band edge. The pressure coefficient of the absorption edge for samples with Sn content between 6% – 10% reveal a continuous evolution in the Γ-character with increasing Sn-concentration. High Γ-character is observed even at low Sn concentrations of 6%, when the GeSn alloy is expected to exhibit a fundamentally indirect band gap. These band mixing effects have important implications for designing efficient photonic and electronic devices utilizing GeSn and related material systems.
Effect of Synthesis Conditions on Pseudocapacitance Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Materials

The electrochemical properties of the nitrogen-enriched carbons obtained by plant raw treatment as electrode material for supercapacitors were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cycling voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling in KOH aqueous electrolyte. The effect of activation agent (NaOH) concentration and carbonization temperature were analyzed. The separation of double layer and redox capacitance components was done. The dominating role of microporosity for capacitive properties was demonstrated. The capacitance of model capacitors based on carbons obtained at different modes was calculated from both from cycling voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge data. The maximal values of specific capacitance of carbon materials carbonized at 600°C and 900°C are about 100 and 120 F/g, respectively.
Formulation of Chitosan-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid/Poloxamer Gel Containing Fruit’s Hull of Garcinia mangostana Extract

The purpose of this study was to develop the formulation of chitosan-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)/poloxamer containing GM extract gel. The GM extract with a concentration of 0.5% wt was incorporated into a gel formulation. The physical appearance, pH, viscosity and percentage label amount of GM extract gel were performed. The in vitro antioxidant activity of gel were evaluated using (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by the zone of inhibition method. The mucoadhesive property was investigated using viscosity technique. The results illustrate that the chitosan-EDTA/poloxamer containing GM extract gel had a yellow colour of GM extract. The pH of a gel was in the range of 4.47 – 6.87. The percentage label amount of gel was in the range of 98.71 – 99.37% and the viscosity of gel were in the range of 14767 – 14784 mPa/s and 9607 – 9641 mPa/s. The TSol-Gel temperature was 35 oC. The antioxidant activities (IC50) which evaluated by DPPH method of all gel was in the range of 13.20 – 13.57 mg/ml. The zone of inhibition of gel against S.aureus was in the range of 8.17 – 10.52 mm. The chitosan-EDTA may improve the mucoadhesive property of gel. In conclusion, the chitosan-EDTA/poloxamer containing GM extract gel may have the potential for pharmaceutical and wound healing application.
Long-Term Stable Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Assembled with Solid-State Polymerized Hole-Transporting Material

The long-term stability of liquid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (liquid-DSSCs) is a primary problem for the upscaling and commercialization of this technology. The solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (ss-DSSC) has been instigated to overcome the liquid-DSSC’s inherent production and instability issues and advancement has been made to achieve low-cost high-power conversion efficiency. The photovoltaic performance of ruthenium-based complex Z907 dye was studied in ss-DSSCs using a solid-state polymerized conductive polymer as hole-transporting material (HTM). We investigated the long-term stability of both liquid and solid-state DSSCs and the findings revealed an improved photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of ss-DSSC. This mainly depends on the transport phenomena of the HTM throughout the interface. The present results show a pavement for manufacturing highly stable and inexpensive ss-DSSC and the practical use is promising.
Perspectives on same-sex sexualities and self-harm amongst service providers and teachers in Hong Kong

This study investigates the perspectives of service providers working with Chinese lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) young people in Hong Kong secondary schools and maps the relationships between same-sex sexualities, religion, education and self-harm. Sixteen service providers, including secondary school teachers, social workers based on and off school sites, and lesbian/transgender activists working in non-governmental organisations serving the LGB and transgender communities, participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. In addition, extensive participant observation was carried out. A grounded theory approach was adopted to code the data, as themes emerged with each successive round of coding. Study findings highlight four main themes: barriers to discussing sexuality at school, the effects of personal disinclination and religion, lesbian and gay youth being perceived as especially susceptible to self-harm, and the similarities in professionals' perceptions of self-harmers and LGB youth. Findings suggest that conservative religious beliefs at both the personal and structural levels act as deterrents to providing counselling and mental health services supportive of LGB youth in Hong Kong.
The skin and barrier function in radiation and chemical exposures

2 Dedication . 4 Acknowledgments . 5 Declaration . 6 Table of contents.7 List of Figures.16 List of Tables.24 List of Abbreviations . 25 Chapter 1Introduction . 32 1 Background . 33 1.1 Skin structure and funtion . 33 1.1.1 Epidermal structure and function . 34 1.1.2 Dermal structure and function . 37 1.2 Percutaneous absorption . 37 1.3 Electromagnetic spectrum . 40 1.3. 1 Solar spectrum . 41 1.3. 2 Measurement of solar exposure . 44 1.4 Effects of solar radiation on skin . 45 1.4. 1 Effects of UV on skin . 45 1.4. 1.1 Molecular damage . 46 1.4. 1.2 Skin cancer . 46 1.4. 1.3 Photo-ageing . 48 1.4. 1.4 Beneficial effects of UV exposure . 48 1.4. 2 Effects of IR on skin . 49 1.4. 3 Effects of VIS on skin . 51
Site-Preference, Electronic, Magnetic, and Half-Metal Properties of Full-Heusler Sc2VGe and a Discussion on the Uniform Strain and Tetragonal Deformation Effects

A hypothetical full-Heusler alloy, Sc2VGe, was analyzed, and the comparison between the XA and L21 structures of this alloy was studied based on first-principles calculations. We found that the L21-type structure was more stable than the XA one. Further, the electronic structures of both types of structure were also investigated based on the calculated band structures. Results show that the physical nature of L21-type Sc2VGe is metallic; however, XA-type Sc2VGe is a half-metal (HM) with 100% spin polarization. When XA-type Sc2VGe is at its equilibrium lattice parameter, its total magnetic moment is 3 μ B , and its total magnetism is mainly attributed to the V atom. The effects of uniform strain and tetragonal lattice distortion on the electronic structures and half-metallic states of XA-type Sc2VGe were also studied. All the aforementioned results indicate that XA-type Sc2VGe would be an ideal candidate for spintronics studies, such as spin generation and injection.
Comportement biogéochimique d’antimoine (Sb) et de tellure (Te) dans le milieu côtier : vers des scénarios de dispersion des radionucléides de Sb et de Te en cas de rejets accidentels de centrales nucléaires (projet AMORAD, ANR-11-RSNR-0002)

Antimoine (Sb) et tellure (Te), sont des contaminants peu etudies (isotopes stables) et leurs radionucleides artificiels peuvent etre rejetes dans le milieu aquatique lors des accidents nucleaires. La connaissance de leurs comportements biogeochimiques respectifs est necessaire a l'evaluation du risque radiologique post-accidentel.Ce travail presente des donnees originales sur le comportement biogeochimique de Sb et de Te dans les systemes de transition continent-ocean, tels que l'estuaire de la Gironde et la riviere du Rhone. Un suivi de 14 ans et des campagnes oceanographiques dans le bassin versant de l’estuaire de la Gironde ont permis d’identifier des concentrations, des flux, et des reactivites (variabilites spatio-temporelles et distribution solide/liquide) plus eleves pour Sb que pour Te, mettant en evidence un comportement additif pour Sb et de soustraction pour Te le long des gradients de salinite et de turbidite estuariennes. Des experiences couplant l’adsorption d’isotopes marques sur des matieres en suspension (MES) et des extractions selectives des phases porteuses, suggerent que les formes apportees de Sb et de Te sont plus mobiles et potentiellement plus biodisponibles que leurs equivalents naturels. De plus, l’observation de la bioaccumulation non-negligeable de Sb et de Te naturels dans les huitres sauvages a l’embouchure de l’estuaire permet d’envisager une absorption potentielle de leurs homologues radioactifs.Ainsi, le developpement de scenarios de dispersion de radionucleides rejetes dans les zones de transition dependra (i) de la position geographique de la source (Rhone) et/ou de la zone de turbidite maximale (ZTM; systeme fluvio-estuarien de Gironde), (ii) de la situation hydrologique pendant et post accident, ainsi que (iii) de la reactivite biogeochimique et des temps de demi-vies des radionucleides. Les premiers scenarios de dispersion de radionucleides dans l'estuaire de la Gironde suggerent (i) un transport preferentiel de Sb dissous vers la zone cotiere, et (ii) une forte retention de Te radioactif dans la ZTM si la derniere est presente en aval du site d’accident, impliquant le risque de migration saisonniere de la radioactivite vers la ville de Bordeaux pendant l’etiage suivant. Ainsi, la dynamique intra estuarienne (maree, debit et migration de la ZTM) sera le facteur predominant dans le devenir de Te radioactif, depuis son rejet jusqu’a sa desintegration complete en iode radioactif. L’ensemble de ce travail met en evidence la necessite d’une evaluation plus approfondie de la radiotoxicite potentielle de Sb et Te lors de leurs rejets en milieu aquatique.
Corrosion Behavior Of New Type Titanium Alloy As Candidate For Dental Wires In Artificial Saliva On Fluctuating Temperatures

Titanium alloys are widely used for implant material due to high biocompatibility properties. It is well known that the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys is better than other metallic materials. However, if the alloys are applied for unknown condition such as wire in orthodontic application, the fluctuating temperature is important to be considered as parameter which influences on corrosion rate. In this study, the effect of fluctuating temperature on corrosion behavior of TNTZ was investigated. Two conditions of TNTZ were used in this study, i.e., Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr aging treatment (AT) and TNTZ solution treatment (ST). For comparison, the commercial Ti6Al4V ELI was also used in this study. The corrosion rates of the samples were characterized in artificial saliva on fluctuating temperatures range between 10°C and 50°C by immersion testing. The results showed that the lowest corrosion rate for each variation of temperature was TNTZ ST. The corrosion process seems to decrease the hardness of TNTZ up to 26 VHN. The result also showed that the corrosion rate of TNTZ is much lower than that of Ti6Al4V in all cycles. Moreover, the hardness of Ti6Al4V decreases more significantly i.e., up to 77.2 VHN. The artificial saliva with fluctuating temperature induces corrosion process and decreases the hardness of the alloys.