Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tunable band pass Gm-C filter with switched transconductance cells

In this paper, a technique for realizing a widely tunable band pass Gm- C filter is proposed by using output switched transconductance cells. This is suitable for low voltage applications. The proposed technique is applied to the design of a programmable second-order band pass Gm-C continuous-time filter with a center frequency, tunable from 10 to 120 MHz and is implemented in TSMC 0.18 mum CMOS process. To verify its effectiveness, the proposed filter and a filter using an alternative architecture reported in the literature, are implemented and their performances are compared. Gm/Id design methodology is followed in designing the transconductor block. From the design and post layout simulation results, it is observed that the filter implemented using output switched transconductance approach results in lesser total harmonic distortion (THD) and supports larger signal swing compared to the alternative approach at the cost of marginal increase in power dissipation. The proposed approach guarantees the upper bound on THD to be -40 dB for a signal swing of 225 mVpp.
Représentations et modèles en extraction d'événements supervisée

Cet article de synthese retrace l’historique des techniques d’extraction d’evenement a partir de textes. Cette tâche a d’abord ete traitee par des regles lexico-syntaxiques puis des classifieurs supervises utilisant tous deux des representations complexes, fortement dependantes du domaine et sujettes a la propagation d’erreurs. Recemment, plusieurs approches neuronales ont ameliore l’etat de l’art en mettant en avant la reduction des pretraitements necessaires et donc des possibilites d’erreur. Finalement, nous nuancons ce postulat en presentant de nouvelles methodes reintroduisant ces informations linguistiques.
FSK demodulator and FPGA based BER measurement system for low IF receivers

This paper presents a binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) demodulator for low intermediate frequency (IF) receivers and an FPGA based bit error rate (BER) measurement platform for the same. The custom made demodulator is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS mixed mode technology, which occupies an area of 0.09 mm2 and consumes 80 μW power from 1.8 V supply. When integrated with a low IF (2 MHz) receiver front end for Medical Device Radio Communication (MedRadio) spectrum at 400 MHz, the measured BER was less than 10−3 at a data rate of 200 kbps for an FSK frequency deviation of 150 kHz.
Regulation of mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor distribution by activators and inhibitors of protein kinase C.

The tumor-promotor phorbol dibutyrate (PDBt) increases the binding of a neoglycoprotein containing mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) and of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) to the Man6P/IGF-II receptor at the cell surface. This effect is dependent on time and concentration and is also seen with synthetic 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, but not with 4 alpha-phorbol, an inactive tumor-promoter. The increase is due to a 3-4-fold increase in the number of cell-surface, receptors, accompanied by a 1.6-fold increase in ligand-binding affinity. The internalization rate of the Man6P/IGF-II receptor is not affected by PDBt, suggesting that the redistribution of these receptors to the cell surface is due to an accelerated externalization rate. The redistribution of Man6P/IGF-II receptors did not impair the sorting of newly synthesized Man6P-containing ligands while uptake of these ligands is 2-4-fold increased. Inactivation or down regulation of protein kinase C decreased the binding of the Man6P-containing neoglycoprotein to 65% of controls. Incubation of cells with Man6P, IGF-I, IGF-II or epidermal growth factor induces a rapid redistribution of Man6P/IGF-II receptors to the plasma membrane [Braulke, T. , Tippmer, S. , Neher, E. & von Figura, K. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 681-686]. Incubation with PDBt prevented the effect of growth factors but not that of Man6P on receptor redistribution. Inactivation of protein kinase C did not affect the Man6P/IGF-II receptor redistribution induced by Man6P and growth factors. These data suggest that Man6P, growth factors and activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters and diacylglycerols modulate Man6P/IGF-II receptor cell-surface binding by at least two independent mechanisms, receptor redistribution as well as an increase of binding affinity, which might be involved in regulation of endocytosis of ligands.
La guérison après la confrontation au cancer: vécu subjectif de la maladie et de la guérison chez 13 adolescents et jeunes adultes traités pour une hémopathie maligne dans l'enfant ou l'adolescence

Les cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent sont des pathologies considerees comme rares mais constituant la deuxieme cause de mortalite entre 1 et 15 ans. L'irruption brutale d'un cancer dans la vie d'un enfant ou d'un adolescent est un bouleversement majeur pour lui et l'ensemble de sa famille. Si la plupart de ces jeunes patients ne presentent pas de troubles psychopathologiques severesconsecutifs a cette experience, une minorite certaine va presenter des difficultes lors de la periode des traitements et parfois au-dela, lors de la periode dite de « guerison ». Depuis les annees 60, les taux de guerison de ces jeunes patients atteints d'une pathologie maligne ont considerablement augmente pour atteindre presque 80% a 5 ans. Cette population specifique est donc en augmentation constante actuellement. Cependant, une minorite de ces adolescents ou jeunes adultes presentent des sequelles physiques, psychologiques ou sociales qui remettent en cause la notion meme de guerison, qui peut constituer un traumatisme en elle-meme. Dans une premiere partie theorique, apres un bref rappel epidemiologique, l'auteur propose une description des differents aspects psychologiques et psychopathologiques de la confrontation au cancer pour l'enfant, l'adolescent et sa famille. Par la suite, l'auteur propose de definir la notion de guerison en s'appuyant sur la philosophie et la psychanalyse, avant de detailler les differents aspects de la guerison du cancer, et des hemopathies malignes en particulier. Dans une seconde partie, l'auteur rapporte les resultats d'une etude realisee en 2010, qui a consiste a rencontrer, au cours d'un entretien semi-directif, 13 adolescents ou jeunes adultes gueris d'une hemopathie maligne de l'enfance, traites dans le service d'hematologie de l'hopital d'enfants du C.H. U. de Nancy. Ces resultats sont illustres par cinq vignettes cliniques et discutes dans certains deleurs aspects les plus specifiques.
Enlargement and the international role of the euro 1

ABSTRACT How will enlargement of the European Union (EU) affect prospects for the euro as an international currency? Previously, I have argued that Europe's joint currency is fated to remain a distant second to America's greenback long into the foreseeable future because of three structural factors – relatively high transactions costs, due to inefficiencies in Europe's financial markets; a serious anti-growth bias built into the institutions of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); and, most importantly, ambiguities at the heart of the monetary union's governance structure. In this essay I extend my earlier analysis, focusing in particular on the impact of enlargement on the governance structure of EMU. From the start, internationalization of the euro has been retarded by a lack of clarity about the delegation of monetary authority among governments and EU institutions. The addition of a diverse collection of new members, with significantly different interests and priorities, can only make the challenge of governance worse, exacerbating ambiguity at the expense of transparency and accountability. Enlargement will diminish, not expand, the euro's attractiveness as a rival to the greenback.
Pathobiological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor and Maspin expressions in human gastric carcinoma.

AIM To investigate the correlation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cell differentiation, invasion, metastasis and Maspin expression in gastric carcinoma. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 73 cases of gastric carcinoma were studied with SP immunohistochemistry, using anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, and thirty-nine of them were studied using anti-Maspin monoclonal antibody. VEGF expression was compared with the clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and Borrmann's and WHO's classification of gastric carcinoma. RESULTS The positive rate of VEGF expression was significantly higher in adjacent non-carcinoma epithelia (ANCE) than in non-metaplastic, non-carcinoma gastric epithelia (NMNCE), which were at least 4 cm distant from the primary tumor (P = 0.000, chi2 = 73.03). The positive rate of VEGF expression was significantly higher in advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC) than in early gastric carcinoma (EGC) (P = 0.032, chi2 = 4.62). The positive rate of VEGF expression in gastric carcinomas with lymph node metastases was significantly higher than that in those without metastasis (P = 0.006, chi2 = 7.47). Maspin was weakly expressed in 16 out of 39 cases of NMNCE, and the positive immunoreaction was limited to gland cells of the stomach body. There was no significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and histological or gross classifications, and correlation between the expressions of VEGF and Maspin in gastric carcinoma (P = 0.648, chi2 = 0.21). CONCLUSION Expression of VEGF is significantly correlated to the malignant biological behaviors of gastric carcinoma, but there is no significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and Maspin.
Toward the Definition of the Mechanism of Action of Silymarin: Activities Related to Cellular Protection From Toxic Damage Induced by Chemotherapy

Silymarin, the active extract from milk thistle, has been extensively used in patients with liver disease of different etiology. Although silymarin is a complex of 7 flavonolignans and polyphenols, silibinin is usually regarded as the most active component. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that silymarin and silibinin protect the liver from oxidative stress and sustained inflammatory processes, mainly driven by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and secondary cytokines. Oxidative stress and inflammation are also involved in cellular damage of many other tissues and their role in the development and toxic reactions in patients receiving cancer therapies is established. The protective effects of silymarin and silibinin, demonstrated in various tissues, suggest a clinical application in cancer patients as an adjunct to established therapies, to prevent or reduce their toxicity. Here we discuss the possible mechanism of the protective action of silymarin and silibinin, focusing on cancer therapies as agents causing cellular damage.
A Novel Barrier Controlled Tunnel FET

A novel structure of tunnel field-effect transistor (FET) is introduced with the gate composed of three segments of different work functions. The tunnel current is controlled by an in channel potential barrier as well as the source-channel tunnel junction bandgap, which combines the merits of both bandgap-controlled tunnel FET and barrier-controlled traditional MOSFET. Intuitive explanation is provided for this novel device structure. The performance enhancement is confirmed by numerical simulation with carbon nanotube as the channel material. This structure is especially suitable for bandgap tunable ballistic transport materials (e.g., carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon).
Expression of DROSHA in the Uterus of Mice in Early Pregnancy and Its Potential Significance During Embryo Implantation

Previous studies have shown that microRNAs are involved in the process of implantation. They play an important role in cell growth and proliferation. DROSHA is the microRNA-processing enzyme and is required for the maturation of microRNAs. However, its expression and function during early pregnancy in mice still remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the expression pattern of DROSHA in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, artificially induced decidualization, and in the ovariectomized mouse uterus using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting analyses, and immunohistochemistry. We found that DROSHA was spatiotemporally expressed in decidualizing stromal cells during early pregnancy and in pseudopregnant mice in which decidualization was artificially induced. In the ovariectomized mouse uterus, the expression of DROSHA was upregulated after progesterone treatment. In a stromal cell culture model, the expression of DROSHA gradually increased with the progression of stromal decidualization. Taken together, our findings suggest that DROSHA is involved in stromal decidualization and may play an important role in embryo implantation in mice.
Near confluent laser photocoagulation for the treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a near confluent pattern of indirect laser photocoagulation in reducing the rate of progression and re-treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS This study examined a noncomparative interventional case series. We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent peripheral laser ablation by 1 surgeon for threshold retinopathy of prematurity from 1997 to 2002. A total of 58 eyes from 31 patients were treated, and 44 eyes of 23 patients were included in the study. Ten eyes of 5 infants had zone 1 disease, and 34 eyes of 18 infants had zone 2 disease. Laser spots were placed in a near confluent pattern in the peripheral avascular retina between the ridge of extraretinal proliferation and the ora serrata. The mean +/- SD number of laser spots was 2534 +/- 455 for zone 1 (range, 2100-3378) and 1850 +/- 487 for zone 2 (range, 1030-2689). RESULTS In 7 eyes of 4 infants with zone 1 disease, the retinopathy regressed and did not require any further treatment. Three eyes of 2 infants, however, progressed after laser treatment and required vitrectomy surgery. Progression was defined as the development of stage 4 or 5 disease. None of the patients with zone 2 disease had progression of retinopathy, and none of them needed more than 1 treatment. Patients tolerated the procedure well, and there were no complications at the time of the procedure or at follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS A near confluent pattern of laser photocoagulation may reduce the rate of progression of threshold retinopathy of prematurity in zone 2 (0%). The near confluent pattern of treatment may also reduce the re-treatment rate of the disease (0%). Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
The hierarchical structure and construct validity of the PID-5 trait measure in adolescence.

The DSM-5 may be the first edition that enables a developmental perspective on personality disorders because of its proposal to include a trait assessment in the Axis II section. The current study explores the reliability, structure, and construct validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012) in adolescents, a measure that assesses the proposed DSM-5 traits. A community sample of Flemish adolescents (N = 434; 44.7% male) provided self-reports on the PID-5 and the Dimensional Personality Symptom Itempool (DIPSI; De Clercq, De Fruyt, Van Leeuwen, & Mervielde, 2006). Results indicate an acceptable reliability for the majority of the PID-5 facets and a tendency toward structural convergence of the adolescent PID-5 structure with the adult proposal. Convergent validity with age-specific facets of personality pathology was generally supported, but discriminant validity appeared to be low. Beyond the findings that support the applicability of the PID-5 in adolescents, developmental issues may be responsible for specific differences in the adolescent PID-5 structure, the rather poor discriminant validity of the PID-5, and the lower reliability of a small number of PID-5 facets. These results indicate that further research on the validity of the PID-5 in younger age groups is required.
Proteomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis strains engineered for improved production of heterologous proteins

The use of bacterial systems for recombinant protein production has advantages of simplicity, time and cost over competing systems. However, widely used bacterial expression systems (e.g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens) are not able to secrete soluble proteins directly into the culture medium. This limits yields and increases downstream processing time and costs. In contrast, Bacillus spp. secrete native enzymes directly into the culture medium at grams‐per‐litre quantities, although the yields of some recombinant proteins are severely limited. We have engineered the Bacillus subtilis genome to generate novel strains with precise deletions in the genes encoding ten extracytoplasmic proteases that affect recombinant protein secretion, which lack chromosomal antibiotic resistance genes. The deletion sites and presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms were confirmed by sequencing. The strains are stable and were used in industrial‐scale fermenters for the production of the Bacillus anthracis vaccine protein, protective antigen, the productivity of which is extremely low in the unmodified strain. We also show that the deletion of so‐called quality control proteases appears to influence cell‐wall synthesis, resulting in the induction of the cell‐wall stress regulon that encodes another quality control protease.
National trends in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1994-2007.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is common, costly, and increasingly prevalent. Despite innovations in therapy, little is known about patterns and costs of drug treatment. METHODS We used the National Disease and Therapeutic Index to analyze medications prescribed between 1994 and 2007 for all US office visits among patients 35 years and older with type 2 diabetes. We used the National Prescription Audit to assess medication costs between 2001 and 2007. RESULTS The estimated number of patient visits for treated diabetes increased from 25 million (95% confidence interval [CI], 23 million to 27 million) in 1994 to 36 million (95% CI, 34 million to 38 million) by 2007. The mean number of diabetes medications per treated patient increased from 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06-1.22) in 1994 to 1.63 (1.54-1.72) in 2007. Monotherapy declined from 82% (95% CI, 75%-89%) of visits during which a treatment was used in 1994 to 47% (43%-51%) in 2007. Insulin use decreased from 38% of treatment visits in 1994 to a nadir of 25% in 2000 and then increased to 28% in 2007. Sulfonylurea use decreased from 67% of treatment visits in 1994 to 34% in 2007. By 2007, biguanides (54% of treatment visits) and glitazones (thiazolidinediones) (28%) were leading therapeutic classes. Increasing use of glitazones, newer insulins, sitagliptin phosphate, and exenatide largely accounted for recent increases in the mean cost per prescription ($56 in 2001 to $76 in 2007) and aggregate drug expenditures ($6.7 billion in 2001 to $12.5 billion in 2007). CONCLUSIONS Increasingly complex and costly diabetes treatments are being applied to an increasing population. The magnitude of these rapid changes raises concerns about whether these more costly therapies will result in proportionately improved outcomes.
Severe Post-thrombotic Syndrome is Associated With Higher Levels of Factor VIII

Increased levels of factor VIII (FVIII) are a prevalent and independent risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). After a median of 10 years of the first DVT, we evaluated FVIII coagulation levels in 55 patients with DVT of the lower limbs and previous high levels of FVIII and in 74 controls. Subsequently, we analyzed the presence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in patients and its relationship with FVIII levels. After a median of 10 years of the first DVT, the FVIII levels were still significantly higher in patients when compared to controls (P < .001). Patients with severe PTS showed increased levels of FVIII when compared to patients with moderate or absent PTS (P < .001). We demonstrated a persistent increase in FVIII levels in a subset of patients with DVT, but in a lower magnitude after 10 years of the first DVT episode. Moreover, we observed a significant association between increased FVIII levels and severe PTS.
Development of local circuits in mammalian visual cortex.

Most of the synapses in the mammalian cerebral cortex are components of local circuits. Not only do these local, or intrinsic, connections dominate in numerical terms, but such synapses are directly responsible for gen­ erating neuronal codes that convey sensory data and elicit behavior. In the mammalian primary visual cortex, the precise arrangement of local circuits in both vertical and horizontal dimensions is crucial for such fundamental properties of cortical neurons as detecting the orientation and direction of movement of visual stimuli. The elaboration of local connections, therefore, is probably a key factor in the emergence of com­ putationally competent neural circuits. Despite the central role of local circuits in neuronal processing, until recently several factors conspired to limit insight into how precise local excitatory and inhibitory interconnections emerge during development. First, the patterns of intrinsic circuitry in many brain areas were either unknown or known only in crude outline, which greatly hindered interpre­ tation of developmental studies. Second, techniques used to elucidate local circuits were limited, as they relied almost exclusively on Golgi staining. In recent years, advances in techniques have improved our understanding of adult local circuits and have provided powerful tools for detailed inves­ tigations of local circuit development. These studies have been particularly
Bypass diode characteristic effect on the behavior of solar PV array at shadow condition

Bypass diodes are used in PV arrays to protect sunny modules against the negative effects of shaded ones. Bypass diodes characteristic mainly consist of two factors: turn on resistance and forward voltage. These factors could have affect on the output of solar photovoltaic array at shadow condition. This paper tries to analyze this effect by the use of two solar cells connected in series and protected by no-overlapped bypass diodes. MATLAB software has been used for simulation. In experimental process different diodes have been compared. Results show that bypass diodes acts like a shifter in I-V curve of solar array.
Relação da Gestão do Conhecimento com os objectivos de negócio através da Gestão de Benefícios

O proposito deste estudo foi identificar os Beneficios da Gestao do Conhecimento numa organizacao prestadora de servicos na area de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao, tendo sido confinado o estudo a area de negocio de realizacao de projectos. A recolha de dados foi conseguida atraves da analise documental, da realizacao de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e de um questionario. Aos dados obtidos aplicou-se um metodo de Gestao de Beneficios de forma a identificar os beneficios que a Gestao de Conhecimento pode proporcionar. Os beneficios so serao alcancados se a organizacao definir quais os objectivos de investimento associados aos beneficios e realizar um conjunto de projectos que proporcionem mudancas na forma de trabalhar. Uma das conclusoes e que existe a consciencia na, organizacao, da importância das praticas da Gestao do Conhecimento no desenvolvimento e melhoramento de produtos e/ou servicos ou no aumento da eficacia dos processos produtivos ou de suporte.