Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Conventional Data Analysis Methods to Big Data Analytics

Data analysis in this chapter mainly means descriptive and exploratory methods, also known as unsupervised. The objective is to describe as well as structure a set of data that can be represented in the form of a rectangular table crossing n statistical units and p variables. Data analysis methods are essentially dimension reduction methods that are divided into two categories: factor methods; and the unsupervised classification methods or clustering. Data mining is a step in the knowledge discovery process, which involves applying data analysis algorithms. Data mining seeks to find predictive models of a Y denoted response, but from a very different perspective than that of conventional modeling. This chapter distinguishes regression methods where Y is quantitative, supervised classification methods (also called discrimination methods) where Y is categorical, most often with two modalities. The chapter also discusses new tools for big data processing, based on validation with data set aside.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition is driven by transcriptional and post transcriptional modulations in COPD: implications for disease progression and new therapeutics

Abstract COPD is a common and highly destructive disease with huge impacts on people and health services throughout the world. It is mainly caused by cigarette smoking though environmental pollution is also significant. There are no current treatments that affect the overall course of COPD; current drugs focus on symptomatic relief and to some extent reducing exacerbation rates. There is an urgent need for in-depth studies of the fundamental pathogenic mechanisms that underpin COPD. This is vital, given the fact that nearly 40%–60% of the small airway and alveolar damage occurs in COPD well before the first measurable changes in lung function are detected. These individuals are also at a high risk of lung cancer. Current COPD research is mostly centered around late disease and/or innate immune activation within the airway lumen, but the actual damage to the airway wall has early onset. COPD is the end result of complex mechanisms, possibly triggered through initial epithelial activation. To change the disease trajectory, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms in the epithelium that are switched on early in smokers. One such mechanism we believe is the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This article highlights the importance of this profound epithelial cell plasticity in COPD and also its regulation. We consider that understanding early changes in COPD will open new windows for therapy.
Chest Magnetic Resonance Imaging Decreases Inter-observer Variability of Gross Target Volume for Lung Tumors

Purpose: PET/CT is a standard medical imaging used in the delineation of gross tumor volume (GTV) in case of radiation therapy for lung tumors. However, PET/CT could present some limitations such as resolution and standardized uptake value threshold. Moreover, chest MRI has shown good potential in diagnosis for thoracic oncology. Therefore, we investigated the influence of chest MRI on inter-observer variability of GTV delineation. Methods and Materials: Five observers contoured the GTV on CT for 14 poorly defined lung tumors during three contouring phases based on true daily clinical routine and acquisition: CT phase, with only CT images; PET phase, with PET/CT; and MRI phase, with both PET/CT and MRI. Observers waited at least 1 week between each phases to decrease memory bias. Contours were compared using descriptive statistics of volume, coefficient of variation (COV), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results: MRI phase volumes (median 4.8 cm3) were significantly smaller than PET phase volumes (median 6.4 cm3, p = 0.015), but not different from CT phase volumes (median 5.7 cm3, p = 0.30). The mean COV was improved for the MRI phase (0.38) compared to the CT (0.58, p = 0.024) and PET (0.53, p = 0.060) phases. The mean DSC of the MRI phase (0.67) was superior to those of the CT and PET phases (0.56 and 0.60, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusions: The addition of chest MRI seems to decrease inter-observer variability of GTV delineation for poorly defined lung tumors compared to PET/CT alone and should be explored in further prospective studies.
Effectiveness of non-medical health worker-led counselling on psychological distress: a randomized controlled trial in rural Nepal

Background. An essential strategy to increase coverage of psychosocial treatments globally is task shifting to non-medical counsellors, but evidence on its effectiveness is still scarce. This study evaluates the effectiveness of lay psychosocial counselling among persons with psychological distress in a primary health care setting in rural Nepal. Methods. A parallel randomized controlled trial in Dang, rural Nepal (NCT03544450). Persons aged 16 and older attending primary care and with a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) score of 6 or more were randomized (1:1) to receive either non-medical psychosocial counselling (PSY) or enhanced usual care (EUC). PSY was provided by lay persons with a 6-month training and consisted of 5-weekly counselling sessions of 35–60 min with a culturally adapted solution-focused approach. EUC was provided by trained primary health workers. Participants were followed up at 1 (T1) and 6 months (T2). The primary outcome, response to treatment, was the reduction of minimum 50% in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score. Results. A total of 141 participants, predominantly socially disadvantaged women, were randomized to receive PSY and 146 to EUC. In the PSY, 123 participants and 134 in the EUC were analysed. In PSY, 101 participants (81.4%) had a response compared with 57 participants (42.5%) in EUC [percentage difference 39.4% (95% CI 28.4–50.4)]. The difference in BDI scores at T2 between PSY and EUC was −7.43 (95% CI −9.71 to −5.14). Conclusions. Non-medical (lay) psychosocial counselling appears effective in reducing depressive symptoms, and its inclusion in mental health care should be considered in low-resource settings.
Case Reports on Diabetes-Related Outcomes for Pregnant Women in the National Diabetes Prevention Program

Previous interventions to lower diabetes risks among pregnant women have been largely ineffective (1–3), and the identification of effective prevention tools is needed to protect both maternal and child health (4). The National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) is a widely disseminated translation of the highly successful lifestyle change intervention from the Diabetes Prevention Program research study (5,6). The NDPP promotes weight loss of ≥5% through diet and physical activity, benefiting individuals who participate regularly (6). Eighty percent of participants are women (6), but most are beyond child-bearing years (7), and those who are pregnant at enrollment are excluded (8). Increasing enrollment in the NDPP among women of childbearing age has been identified as a priority (7), yet outcomes for those who become pregnant during the year-long program are unknown. To explore whether the NDPP may support beneficial outcomes during pregnancy, we examined case studies of women who became pregnant while participating in the NDPP. We delivered the year-long NDPP intervention in a Denver, Colo. , health care system to eligible adults with diabetes risks (i.e., ≥24 kg/m2 and prediabetes, history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], or positive score on a diabetes risk questionnaire [8]). Participants were largely referred by their primary care providers. Trained NDPP coaches led 22–25 group sessions over 1 year following guidelines developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (9). From March 2013 to March 2018, 924 women participated. Five women who subsequently reported having become pregnant were able to continue, but were no longer prescribed the NDPP’s weight loss goal. This article describes diabetes-related outcomes in pregnancy among three women using medical records available as of May 2018. An additional case was excluded because detailed records were unavailable, and another was excluded because of the early stage of the pregnancy. …
Next-best-view planning for environment exploration and 3D model construction

Smart robotics platforms in human environments usually develop a complete model of the surrounding environment. Exploring and modelling the environment required planning of best view positions as well as a navigation strategy that assure completeness and high quality of the construed model. In this paper, we describe a next-best-view planning for a mobile robot with limited sensors capability to explore and construct a 3D model of an indoor environment. Starting with a 2D occupancy grid map, the proposed algorithm shall process this map and generate candidates view poses. Next, the algorithm shall select the set of best views and generate a navigation plan of RGB-D sensor poses while satisfying a set of constrains in order to maximize the quality of the 3D constructed model and coverage of the indoor environment. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness and validity of the proposed system.
Frequency-Specific Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Implications of Alpha and Beta Oscillations in Motor Behaviour

Despite advancement in neuroimaging, the link between motor and cognitive processes, and the role of oscillations in motor behaviour remain unclear. Current research in neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease) indicates that changes in oscillatory brain rhythms (OBRs) observed from electroencephalographic (EEG) studies could be utilized to quantify and understand the neural network changes in the presence of pathology. Research suggests, that rhythmicity is a common feature amongst biological entities, and cyclic fluctuations in neurological systems in response to incoming stimuli from the environment, grant a great degree of flexibility to such systems in order to interact with their surroundings at an optimal level. This reciprocity between exogenous stimuli and endogenous mechanisms in the brain creates a two-way pathway that awards a bi-directional relationship between the environment, and the brain. Here, in this mini review we explore the role of OBRs, and review the current literature supporting the putative role of frequency-specific OBRs as potential biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders, mainly Parkinson’s disease (PD), which in turn, may allow clinicians to identify effective therapies based on these biomarkers, expanding the armamentarium for delaying the rate of disease progression and symptom management.
A Survey on Provable Multicopy Dynamic Data Possession in Cloud Computing Systems

In Recent survey on cloud computing tolerate most of data owners worrying whether there data secure in cloud or not and data provides acting according to SLA or not, in order to resolve above issues in cloud the Cloud provider offering MCDDPDS (multi copy dynamic data possession State), Using this MCDDPDS the data user can know the status of data whether his data is secure or not and if any violations are done by others then it gives alert to the data user. The data owner will outsource his data to the could in order minimize local burden and to save the cost , In order to provide security the data owner before outsourcing he has to encrypt and upload to the cloud but due to security threat and loss of data the data owner outsourcing same copy into multiple servers and later whenever he need any dynamics on his data he can do like updating , deleting and appending .
Knockout Tumor Microenvironment HO-1 Neutralizes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Effect of PD-1 Inhibition in Murine Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background/Aims: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has been shown to be involved in tumor immune escape mechanisms and B cell-specific immunity in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. In our previous study shown that HO-1 protein have immunomodulatory activity including targeting of immune suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we decided to assess whether HO-1 could enhance anti-PD-1 treatment and investigate those alterations in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that contribute to the combined antitumor activity. Method: We utilized C57/BL6 (HO-1 knockout) mouse were radiation with 6.5GY once in a row to repress residual immunity. Malignant tumor HL-60 cells respectively (1×107 cells) per animal were injected subcutaneously into the right abdomen. The xenograft mouse models of AML were euthanised on the 14th day after treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor once a day (20 mg/kg). The tumor volumes were measured and calculated by ruler. Survival curve of individual groups was evaluated from the first day of treatment until death using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: HO-1 gene knockout enhanced the antitumor effect of PD-1 inhibition in xenograft mouse models of AML by reducing tumor growth and increasing survival. HO-1 gene knockout inhibited the immunosuppressive function of both polymorphonuclear (PMN)- and monocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cell (M-MDSC) populations. Analysis of MDSC response to HO-1 gene knockout revealed significantly reduced arginase-1, iNOS, and COX-2 levels, suggesting potential mechanisms for the altered function. We also observed significant alterations in cytokine/chemokine release in vivo with a shift toward a tumor-suppressive microenvironment. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that HO-1 gene knockout enhances the antitumor effect of PD-1 targeting through functional inhibition of MDSCs and a transition away from an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. [Key words] HO-1 gene knockout; PD-1 inhibitor; tumor microenvironment; MDSCs; AML No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Alteration of Lipid profile in patients of Rheumatoid arthritis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

Aim & Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetrical synovitis, progressive damage to the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone (1) , as well as pain, fatigue, and disability (2) . The purpose of this study was to investigate any significant correlation in the level of Lipid profile and its association with severity of Rheumatoid arthritis Material and Methods: Total 100 study subjects were divided into two groups, group A comprising 50 apparently healthy controls and group B comprising 50 patients of rheumatoid arthritis, which is further divided into subgroups on the basis of DAS 28 Score, group B1remission, group B-2 included mild cases of rheumatoid arthritis, group B-3 of moderate & group B-4 of severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects were enrolled after applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria and written informed consent were taken. Serum Lipid profile p estimation were done by Transasia XL-640 Automated analyzer. Results: The mean triglycerides in the control group was 121.28 ± 21.96 mg/dL while in the rheumatoid arthritis group was 156.32 ± 63.58 mg/dL. The mean VLDL in the control group was 24.26 ± 4.39 mg/dL while in the rheumatoid arthritis group was 31.26 ± 12.72 mg/dL. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), showing a higher Triglycerides & VLDL in the rheumatoid arthritis group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Patients with RA and chronic systemic inflammation have altered lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels that may contribute to their higher risk of atherosclerosis
Big Data Analytics: Feature Selection and Machine Learning for Intrusion Detection on Microsoft Azure Platform

In recent years, the overwhelming networking data has been growing at an exponential rate. Not only storage but also computing needs a system to process an intrusion detection system with a massive dataset. This research used cloud analytics to store big dataset, preprocess data, classify and evaluate results by using Microsoft azure, which can provide the appropriate environment. Because of the growth of data volume, intrusion detection model that adopts data mining technique has been used to detect intrusion pattern. Our research used mutual information and chi-square as a feature selection technique to reduce a feature set for computation time. Then, decision forest and neural network were used to classify the attack type of intrusion by 100% KDD CUP 1999 dataset. The performance of intrusion detection was measured by the accuracy of detection rate of attack type from the evaluation process in Microsoft azure.
Comparing Three Methods to Help Patients Manage Type 2 Diabetes

3 Background . 5 Methods/Study Design . 8 Study Population . 8 Cell Phone System . 10 Community Health Worker Component: . 12 Statistical Analysis . 18 Results . 19 Demographics . 19 Primary Endpoints . 24 Secondary Endpoints . 25 Community Health Worker Activity Analysis . 32 Patient Study Feedback Surveys . 33 Discussion. 35 Conclusions . 41 References . 43
Immunologic Alterations Associated With Oral Delivery of Anti-CD3 (OKT3) Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to determine the immunologic effects and safety of oral anti-CD3 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods An open-label pilot study of orally delivered anti-CD3 was performed in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. The primary end points were changes in immunologic parameters and evaluation for safety. Results Six subjects received oral OKT3. Biologic effects of oral anti-CD3 included significantly increased proliferation in response to anti-CD3 and anti-inflammatory gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. No serious treatment-related adverse events occurred. Conclusion Orally delivered anti-CD3 resulted in immunologic changes in patients with UC.
[Association between exclusive breastfeeding and atopic dermatitis in a third level of care hospital].

OBJETIVE. To assess whether exclusive breastfeeding is associated with atopic dermatitis in children under seven years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Non-paired case and control type study conducted in a third level of care hospital (Lambayeque Regional Hospital) between June 2016 and May 2018 in which 260 cases and 260 controls recruited in outpatient consultation of the Dermatology and Pediatrics services were evaluated. The UK criteria were used for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, as well as a survey with possible risk factors. RESULTS. In the bivariate analysis, differences were found between cases and controls in relation to exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.001), family history of atopy (p<0.001), parents' educational level (p<0.001), smoking in the presence of the child (p=0.006), and origin (p=0.002). Exclusive breastfeeding was present in 93 (35.8%) of cases compared to 132 (50.8%) of controls. The multivariate analysis using logistic regression found that exclusive breastfeeding would have a protective effect on the presence of atopic dermatitis (OR= 0.62; 95% CI= 0.41-0.94) adjusted by age, sex, background, parents' educational level, initiation of complementary feeding, family member with atopy, and smoking habit. CONCLUSIONS. Exclusive breastfeeding would have a protective effect on the appearance of atopic dermatitis in children under the age of seven.
Information Professionals' Knowledge Sharing Practices in Social Media: A Study of Professionals in Developing Countries

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the perception of informational professionals’ knowledge sharing practices in social media platforms. The specific objectives of the study included learning professionals’ perceptions and awareness of knowledge sharing using social media, understanding their opinions and beliefs, and gaining familiarity with and reasons for using these tools. Open & close ended web-based questions were sent out by email to the international training program (ITP) participants. Findings indicated that most of the respondents’ were aware of using social media and that they used social media for knowledge sharing. Speed and ease of use, managing personal knowledge, easier communication with users and colleagues and powerful communication tool are the areas that motivated them to use it. It also stated some barriers like lack of support, familiarity, trust, unfiltered information and fear of providing information. The study was limited to the perceptual aspect of the issue, specifically from the individuals’ opinions and sentiments.
Nutrition et déclin cognitif chez les sujets âgés : place du pharmacien dans la prévention et le dépistage à l’officine

Avec le vieillissement demographique de la population, vieillir en harmonie est un defi economique, de sante publique et personnel. Diverses pathologies telles que les maladies cardiovasculaires, le diabete, le cancer, l’osteoporose, l’obesite sont associees a une augmentation du risque de deficits cognitifs mais egalement des facteurs environnementaux tels que l’exercice physique, le niveau d’education, les facteurs nutritionnels peuvent modifier ce risque. Recemment, plusieurs etudes ont mis en evidence qu’un profil de type diete mediterraneenne permettrait de vivre plus longtemps et en bonne sante, ainsi qu’un lien entre la nutrition et le declin cognitif. Le pharmacien d’officine est confronte a des patients inquiets face a un eventuel depistage de la maladie d’Alzheimer en milieu specialise, de ce fait, il pourrait avoir un role essentiel dans le depistage precoce d’un declin cognitif au sein de sa patientele. Dans ce travail, un questionnaire, d’utilisation simple et rapide a ete realise et evalue dans une etude officinale recrutant 156 personnes volontaires âgees de 50 ans et plus. Le questionnaire a permis entre autres d’identifier que plus de 20% des personnes interrogees presentaient un score associe a des troubles cognitifs alors qu’elles etaient apparemment saines et que des chutes recentes pouvaient etre un facteur de risque.
HUBUNGAN pH PLAK TERHADAP TERJADINYA EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (ECC) (Studi Pada Anak Usia 6-48 Bulan di Kecamatan Neglasari Kota Tangerang)

Background: one of the prevention for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is maintain daily food through limiting cariogenic food’s consumption, controlling eating frequency, improving oral and dental health. Dental caries would be prevented by controlling eating frequency, improving oral and dental health, so pH plaque can also be controlled. Objectives : analyze the relationship between the pH plaque to ECC occurrence . Methods : cross section study on 287 children aged 6-48 months in the district Neglasari, Tangerang city, interviewing the mother, and intraoral examination in children, multistage cluster random sampling method. Results: ECC highest proportion found in plaque pH from 6.0 to 6.4 as much as 79.2% with a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05) and is one of the better predictors of the occurrence of ECC. Conclusions: there is a significant relationship between pH plaque to ECC occurrence, this variables accordant with the prevention of ECC because it is included in the model predictors of ECC.
MULTI-AGENT PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF PHOTOMASK SIMULATION IN PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY

A framework for paralleling aerial image simulation in photolithography is proposed. Initial data for the simulation representing photomask are considered as a data stream that is processed by a multi-agent computing system. A parallel image processing is based on a graph model of a parallel algorithm. The algorithm is constructed from individual computing operations in a special visual editor. Then the visual representation is converted into XML, which is interpreted by the multi-agent system based on MPI. The system performs run- time dynamic optimization of calculations using an algorithm of virtual associative network. The proposed framework gives a possibility to design and analyze parallel algorithms and to adapt them to architecture of the computing cluster.