Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Of Reinforcement Learning Model With Boltzmann Machine For Improving The Intrusion Detection System In Manet

: In network communication, the data moving from one place to another place is become easy. The security is also main issue in networks. Various researchers were proposed to overcome the drawbacks of networking in MANET. MANET is a Mobile Ad hoc Network where nodes are connected without any infrastructure. Due to independency of mobile nodes in the MANET the intrusion many play a role in attacking the nodes behavior and make the node as malicious. There are various techniques for intrusion detection in MANET. In our study learning model is used to improve the detection of intrusion with improved QOS. The positive prediction rate is increased with detection accuracy and the false positive rate is decreased. The learning model which employed in MANET with Reinforcement learning system. The applied machine learning model which increases the intrusion detection accuracy level and the reinforcement learning model employed with Boltzmann parameters. The result is compared with genetic algorithm and Naïve Bayes algorithm which are used to identify the malicious node and anomalies in the network data transmission.
Contextual refinement of the Michael-Scott queue (proof pearl)

The Michael-Scott queue (MS-queue) is a concurrent non-blocking queue. In an earlier pen-and-paper proof it was shown that a simplified variant of the MS-queue contextually refines a coarse-grained queue. Here we use the Iris and ReLoC logics to show, for the first time, that the original MS-queue contextually refines a coarse-grained queue. We make crucial use of the recently introduced prophecy variables of Iris and ReLoC. Our proof uses a fairly simple invariant that relies on encoding which nodes in the MS-queue can reach other nodes. To further simplify the proof, we extend separation logic with a generally applicable persistent points-to predicate for representing immutable pointers. This relies on a generalization of the well-known algebra of fractional permissions into one of discardable fractional permissions. We define the persistent points-to predicate entirely inside the base logic of Iris (thus getting soundness “for free”). We use the same approach to prove refinement for a variant of the MS-queue resembling the one used in the java.util. concurrent library. We have mechanized our proofs in Coq using the formalizations of ReLoC and Iris in Coq.
PERCEPTIONS' KEY DRIVERS IN A MULTI-PROPOSE CHILEAN SUB-BASIN: MOVING TOWARD SUSTAINABLE WATER GOVERNANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION. PRELIMINARY RESULTS Ma

Sustainability at a river-basin level includes the integration of actors, policies, knowledge and uncertainty. All these elements depend on human understandings of the relationships between the involved concepts. The perceptions of a multi-propose sub-basin were studied through a mixed methodology of: identifying strengths and weaknesses of Chilean water governance; designing and applying an in-depth interview of key stakeholders as well as a questionnaire to water-users and the public; and validating these through a participative workshop. The results show that the main strengths are the solid structure of Chilean water governance at the national and local scales, but participation and inclusion remain weak, and there is resistance to participation. There are at least six key stakeholder groups and perceptions. While industrial actors are more informed and aware of climate change adaptation, institutional actors maintain a skeptical and political discourse at national and local level.
Quality Components of Potato Tubers as Affected by Plant Growth Regulators

Potato plays important roles in Ethiopia's economy through ensuring food security as well as source of income for potato farming community. In addition to breaking tubers' dormancy and enhancing sprouting, plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known to affect tubers' quality components of potatoes which are usually governed by genotypes and some other abiotic factors. However, whether PGRs affect tubers' quality components of Ethiopia's potato varieties has not been known and documented in the past. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-treatment of seed tubers with different plant growth regulators on some tubers' quality components of two common potato varieties in Ethiopia. The study evaluated the effect of three PGRs viz. Gibberrelic Acid (GA3), Benzyladenine (BA) and Benzylamino purine (BAP) at two concentrations (0.1mM and 0.2mM) and distilled water-DW as untreated control on some tubers' quality components of variety Belete and Jalenie at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Southeast Ethiopia in 2018. Forty sprouted tubers from each treatment combination (two varieties and three PGRs at two concentrations with untreated controlDW) were planted per plot (9m) in a factorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The required agronomic practices such as cultivation (weeding), ridging, fertilization, pesticide application, etc. were applied uniformly to all experimental units as needed. The results showed that both varieties were different in their responses to the PGRs used, while BA and BAP showed a significant effect on most of the tuber quality components compared to GA3 at the lowest concentration (0.1mM) although no significant difference was obtained between BA and BAP. However, the two varieties Belete and Jalenie were found to be different in the tubers' qualities measured and between plant growth regulators. Belete was better than Jalenie in terms of tubers' specific gravity, dry matter and starch content and total soluble solids regardless of the effect of the PGRs. Hence, either BA or BAP or both could be used as pre-treatment plant growth regulators to improve the quality components of potato tubers of the two varieties.
Improving Video Captioning with Temporal Composition of a Visual-Syntactic Embedding*

Video captioning is the task of predicting a semantic and syntactically correct sequence of words given some context video. The most successful methods for video captioning have a strong dependency on the effectiveness of semantic representations learned from visual models, but often produce syntactically incorrect sentences which harms their performance on standard datasets. In this paper, we address this limitation by considering syntactic representation learning as an essential component of video captioning. We construct a visual-syntactic embedding by mapping into a common vector space a visual representation, that depends only on the video, with a syntactic representation that depends only on Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging structures of the video description. We integrate this joint representation into an encoder-decoder architecture that we call Visual-Semantic-Syntactic Aligned Network (SemSynAN), which guides the decoder (text generation stage) by aligning temporal compositions of visual, semantic, and syntactic representations. We tested our proposed architecture obtaining state-of-the-art results on two widely used video captioning datasets: the Microsoft Video Description (MSVD) dataset and the Microsoft Research Video-to-Text (MSR-VTT) dataset.
Power loss minimization using cat swarm optimization

This paper presents an algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem in a power system. Model analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as objectives . Generator terminal voltages, reactive power generation of the capacitor banks and tap changing transformer settings are taken as the optimization variables. The proposed approach employs cat swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm for optimal settings of RPD control variables. The proposed approach is examined and tested on the standard IEEE 30bus test system with different objectives that reflect power loss minimization, voltage profile improvement, and voltage stability enhancement. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach and show its effectiveness and robustness to solve the RPD .
Adsorption Study of Surface and Structural Properties of MCM-41 Materials of Different Pore Sizes

Nitrogen adsorption measurements were performed over a wide range of relative pressures (10-6−0.995) for a series of siliceous MCM-41 samples obtained using alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants with different chain length. Both high- and low-pressure adsorption data were analyzed. The pore size was shown to increase in a regular way with the chain length of the surfactant used. Moreover, a very good correlation between the pore size and the interplanar spacing of the MCM-41 samples was observed. Methods used to calculate the pore diameter were critically compared, and a new procedure to estimate the pore size of MCM-41 materials was proposed. This new procedure is based on geometrical considerations of the ratio of the pore volume to the pore wall volume for an infinite hexagonal array of cylindrical pores. Adsorption measurements showed that the amount adsorbed in the low-pressure region increases with a decrease in the pore size of the samples probably because of the enhancement of the gas−surface interac.
Elastic Moduli of Asymmetric Ultrathin Free-Standing Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposites

We have developed a novel technique for the elucidation of the mechanical behavior of ultrathin free-standing materials and demonstrate results using polyelectrolyte nanocomposites with thicknesses between 1 and 10 nm. In short, a charged molecular template is deposited on a pendant drop and compressed to present a defined surface charge density to the subphase of the drop. The subphase is then cycled alternately between polyelectrolyte solutions to achieve electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of an ultrathin nanocomposite at the drop surface. The stress response of the membrane-laden drop to dilation of its surface as measured by axisymmetric drop shape analysis is compared with a two-dimensional continuum model. The impact of surface charge density of the template and the film thickness on the two-dimensional elastic modulus, Eg, of the nanocomposite were assessed, and mechanical behavior consistent with that of an elastomeric solid is demonstrated.
The evaluation of thermally stimulated current curves

A method of evaluating experimentally determined thermally stimulated current curves by a process of successive approximation is described. The method is essentially one of curve fitting and an excellent fit is eventually obtained between the theoretical and experimental curves. The process of curve fitting serves to determine the electron-trapping parameters. The technique can be used for the two extreme cases of trap emptying: emptying with no retrapping and emptying with fast retrapping. The technique is illustrated by its application to some experimental results obtained from CdS crystals.
A lattice model of a supported monolayer of amphiphile molecules: Monte Carlo simulations

We describe a lattice model of a supported monolayer of flexible amphiphile molecules which treats their full three‐dimensional structure and includes nearest neighbor interactions between segments of the amphiphile chains, an attraction between the chain segments and the underlying substrate, and the inter‐ and intrachain excluded volume. The thermodynamic and conformational properties of this system are determined by a Monte Carlo simulation technique using a Metropolis sampling. At low surface coverage, the thermodynamic behavior predicted by the simulations is significantly different from that predicted by the mean‐field theory of Wang and Rice; notably, the liquid–vapor critical point predicted by the mean‐field theory is too high. In contrast, the mean‐field theory prediction of the density profile along the normal to the surface is rather good. When the surface coverage is small, the conformations of the chains are sensibly independent of density. However, as the surface coverage increases the inte.
O-(2-Hydroxyethyl)cellulose–derived Surfactants Prepared by Microwave–assisted Transesterification

Abstract A series of polymeric surfactants were prepared from O-(2-hydroxyethyl)cellulose (HEC, DS = 1) by transesterification of methyl laurate and the complex of methyl esters of rape seed oil fatty acids in the H2O/DMF system using microwave irradiation as heating source. The obtained derivatives were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and viscometry, and their surfaceactive, foaming, emulsification and performance properties evaluated. The results indicate that under microwave heating water-soluble HEC-fatty acid esters with very low degree of esterification can be obtained in a few minutes and at temperatures not exceeding 100°C. The derivatives exhibited foaming ability and significant emulsifying efficiency for ‘oil in water’-type emulsions comparable to that of commercial surfactants as well as a good washing power and very high antiredeposition efficiency.
Photoconductivity in thin films of a-Ga40SeXTe60-X

Present communication reports on photoconductivity measurements in thin films of Ga 40 Se X Te 60-X glasses (X=20, 30, 40). Temperature dependence of steady state photocurrent and dark current show that dark and steady state photoconductivity are activated processes. Intensity dependence of photocurrent reveals about power law dependence of photocurrent on incident radiation. Also incorporated are the transient photoconductivity measurements on all the samples. The decay of photocurrent after the cessation of illumination has been found to be exponential in all the glasses. The decrease in I ph /I d can be explained in terms of the increasing no. of defect states with increasing Te content Cet article presente des mesures de photoconductivite dans des films minces de verres Ga 40 Se X Te 60-X (X=20, 30, 40). La dependance en temperature du photocourant a l'etat stationnaire et du courant d'obscurite montrent que les photoconductivites correspondantes sont activees. L'intensite du photocourant montre une dependance en loi de puissance en fonction de la radiation incidente. On a aussi effectue des mesures de photoconductivite transitoires sur tous les echantillons. On trouve que la decroissance du photocourant apres coupure de l'irradiation est exponentielle dans tous les verres. La decroissance de I ph /I d peut etre expliquee par la croissance du nombre de defauts avec la concentration de Te
Psychometric Properties of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes in Parkinson’s Disease

Background: A composite measure that assesses both cognitive and functional abilities in Parkinson’s disease (PD) would be useful for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and PD dementia (PDD) and as an outcome measure in randomized controlled trials. The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) was designed to assess both cognition and basic-instrumental activities of daily living in Alzheimer’s disease but has not yet been validated in PD. Objective: To validate the CDR-SOB as a composite cognitive-functional measure for PD patients, as well as to assess its sensitivity to change. Methods: The CDR-SOB and a comprehensive cognitive and functional battery was administered to 101 PD patients at baseline (39 normal cognition [NC], 41 MCI and 21 PDD by expert consensus panel), and re-administered to 64 patients after 1-2 years follow-up (32 NC and 32 cognitive impairment [CI] at baseline). Results: Cross-sectionally, CDR-SOB and domain scores were correlated with corresponding neuropsychological or functional measures and were significantly different between cognitive subgroups both at baseline and at follow-up. In addition, CDR-SOB ROC curves distinguished between normal cognition and dementia with high sensitivity, but did not distinguish well between NC and MCI. Longitudinal changes in the CDR-SOB and domain scores were not significant and were inconsistent in predicting change in commonly-used cognitive and functional tests. Conclusion: The CDR-SOB detects dementia-level cognitive impairment in PD but may not be appropriate for predicting longitudinal combined cognitive-functional changes in patients without significant cognitive impairment at baseline.
Photothermal spectroscopy using optical beam probing: Mirage effect

Optical beam deflection near a heated surface was recently introduced as a method of photothermal spectroscopy. Photothermal spectroscopy (PTS) is closely related to photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) in its ability to measure optical properties of opaque solids and liquids. This paper develops a theory of this effect and compares this theory with extensive experimental observations. Both are in excellent agreement. The relationship between this form of PTS and PAS is explicitly developed. Applications to the measurement of thermal diffusivity of gases is described.
Cervical cancer screening uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Cervical cancer screening and prevention programs have been given considerable attention in high-income countries, while only receiving minimal effort in many African countries. This meta-analytic review aimed to estimate the pooled uptake of cervical cancer screening uptake and identify its predictors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Web of Science and SCOPUS electronic databases were searched. All observational studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa and published in English language from January 2000 to 2019 were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to examine methodological quality of the studies. Inverse variance-weighted random-effects model meta-analysis was done to estimate the pooled uptake and odds ratio of predictors with 95% confidence interval. I2 test statistic was used to check between-study heterogeneity, and funnel plot and Egger regression statistical test were used to check publication bias. To examine the source of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis based on sample size, publication year and geographic distribution of the studies was carried out. Results: Of 3,537 studies identified, 29 studies were included with 36,374 women. The uptake of cervical cancer screening in Sub-Saharan Africa was 12.87% (95% CI: 10.20, 15.54; I2= 98.5%). Meta-analysis of seven studies showed that knowledge about cervical cancer increased screening uptake by nearly 5-folds (OR: 4.81; 95% CI: 3.06, 7.54). Other predictors include educational status, age, HIV status, contraceptive use, perceived susceptibility, and awareness about screening locations. Conclusion: Cervical screening uptake is low in Sub-Saharan Africa and influenced by several factors. Health outreach and promotion targeting identified predictors are needed to increase uptake of screening service in the region. Key words: Cervical cancer screening; predictors; meta-analysis; Sub Sahara Africa. Protocol registration: CRD42017079375
Photocrosslinking of a maleimide functionalized polymethacrylate

A polymethacrylate bearing pendent maleimide (MI) groups has been crosslinked by UV irradiation of the photoinitiator-free functionalized polymer. The reaction was followed in situ by real-time IR spectroscopy and shown to proceed with an initial quantum yield of two maleimide double bonds polymerized per photon absorbed, the value expected for a photocycloaddition mechanism. A twofold increase of the reaction rate was achieved by performing the UV irradiation in the presence of a thioxanthone photosensitizer (1 wt%). Insolubilization of the photoresist requires the reaction of at least 18 MI double bonds per polymer chain, thus implying the occurrence of an intramolecular coupling process between neighbouring MI groups located on the same polymer chain. In the presence of an electron donor monomer, like the divinylether of triethyleneglycol used, the cycloaddition reaction gives way to a radical-induced copolymerization of maleimide and vinyl ether double bonds, which becomes the only crosslinking process in a stoichiometric mixture of the two components. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Identifying the natural polyphenol catechin as a multi-targeted agent against SARS-CoV-2 for the plausible therapy of COVID-19: an integrated computational approach

Abstract The global pandemic crisis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed the lives of millions of people across the world. Development and testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs or vaccines have not turned to be realistic within the timeframe needed to combat this pandemic. Here, we report a comprehensive computational approach to identify the multi-targeted drug molecules against the SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whichare crucially involved in the viral–host interaction, replication of the virus inside the host, disease progression and transmission of coronavirus infection. Virtual screening of 75 FDA-approved potential antiviral drugs against the target proteins, spike (S) glycoprotein, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), cathepsin L (CTSL), nucleocapsid protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and non-structural protein 6 (NSP6), resulted in the selection of seven drugs which preferentially bind to the target proteins. Further, the molecular interactions determined by molecular dynamics simulation revealed that among the 75 drug molecules, catechin can effectively bind to 3CLpro, CTSL, RBD of S protein, NSP6 and nucleocapsid protein. It is more conveniently involved in key molecular interactions, showing binding free energy (ΔGbind) in the range of −5.09 kcal/mol (CTSL) to −26.09 kcal/mol (NSP6). At the binding pocket, catechin is majorly stabilized by the hydrophobic interactions, displays ΔEvdW values: −7.59 to −37.39 kcal/mol. Thus, the structural insights of better binding affinity and favorable molecular interaction of catechin toward multiple target proteins signify that catechin can be potentially explored as a multi-targeted agent against COVID-19.