Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLUSTER APPROACH IN CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM CASE OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN SECTION OF SILK ROAD

Modern social and economic science pays little attention to the development of tourism based on new approaches to its management and organization. As a result, the most important sector of the economy develops in practice on the basis of not always effective traditional models. The research problem of the development of a new approach to the organization of tourism products with cross-border nature is developed in this article. The purpose was to develop a methodological toolkit for the development of cross-border tourism based on the cluster approach. To achieve this goal, the study design was based on the study of tourism features that affect the planning and clustering process. The highlighted stages of clustering in the form of identifying tourism objects, designing clusters, forming cluster structures form the basis of a new socio-economic model of the tourism industry. To design a regional cross-border tourism cluster, a method is substantiated and applied to correlate all indicators of cluster tourism development to the number of cultural and historical objects. The selected 19 indicators of development are combined into 6 groups, which make it possible to comprehensively assess the cluster organization of tourism in the region. The approbation of the indicators was carried out on the example of all five countries of the Central Asian section of the Silk Road. Model calculations of the developed set of analytical cluster indicators made it possible to combine the identified objects in each region into homogeneous clusters. In this case, Ward’smethod was used, and the square of the Euclidean distance was used as the objective function and criterion of similarity and difference. The proposed cluster maps make it possible to activate and increase the competitiveness of the tourism product as a whole and give impetus to socio-economic development in each country of the Central Asian region. Key words: tourism, tourism competitiveness, social and economic development of the region, the Silk Road, tourism cluster, cluster design.
Looking around in the neighbourhood: Location estimation of outdoor urban images

Visual geolocalisation has remained as a challenge in the research community: Given a query image, and a geo-tagged reference database, the goal is to derive a location estimate for the query image. We propose an approach to tackling the geolocalisation problem in a four-step manner. Essentially, our approach focuses on re-ranking the candidate images after image retrieval, by considering the visual similarity of the candidate and its neighbouring images, to the query image. By introducing the neighbouring images, the visual information of a candidate location has been enriched. The evaluation has been conducted on three street view datasets, where our approach outperforms three baseline approaches, in terms of location estimation accuracy on two datasets. We provide discussions related to, ﬁrstly, whether using deep features for image retrieval helps improve location estimation accuracy, and the effectiveness of geographical neighbourhoods; secondly, using different deep architectures for feature extraction, and its impact on estimation accuracy; thirdly, investigating if our approach consistently outperforms the classic 1-NN approach, on two datasets with signiﬁcant difference in visual elements.
Evaluation of column studies using Cynodon dactylon plant‐mediated amino‐grouped silica‐layered magnetic nanoadsorbent to remove noxious hexavalent chromium metal ions

Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles are desirable adsorbents because of their unique superparamagnetic nature with the enhanced binding specificity and surface material interaction. The above unique features attract researchers to use it for wider applications. Herein, the study focuses on the amino‐induced silica‐layered magnetic nanoparticles amalgamated with plant‐extracted products of Cynodon dactylon in order to turn them into a potent adsorbing material in a continuous column set up for the elimination of noxiously distributed Cr(VI) ionsin the effluents. The selected plant‐mediated magnetite nanoadsorbent, which was used in the fixed column studies, is optimised with the attributes of inlet concentration, adsorbent bed depth, and flow rate. Thomas, Yoon‐Nelson and bed depth model showed the best experimental fit. Breakthrough adsorption time was reported for the various inlet concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg/L, adsorbent bed depths 2, 3 and 4 cm and volumetric flow rates of 4, 5 and 6 mL/min. The breakthrough point evaluated for the optimised attribute of inlet concentration of 100 mg/L, packed adsorbent depth 4 cm and flow rate 4 mL/min was 1400 min and the maximum removal efficiency was 60.6%. A better insight of the adsorption of metal ions for large‐scale industrial effluents is provided.
Developing hierarchical density‐structured models to study the national‐scale dynamics of an arable weed

Population dynamics can be highly variable in the face of environmental hetero- geneity, and understanding this variation is central in the study of ecology. Robust management decisions require that we understand how populations respond to management at a range of scales, and under a broad suite of conditions. Population models are potentially valuable tools in addressing this challenge. However, without adequate data, models can fail to pro- duce useful results. Populations of arable weeds are particularly problematic in this respect, as they are widespread and their dynamics are extremely variable. Owing to the inherent cost of collecting data, most studies of plant population dynamics are derived from localized experi-ments under a small range of environmental conditions, limiting the extent to which variance in population dynamics can be measured. Density-structured models provide a route to rapid, large-scale analysis of population dynamics, and can expand the scale of ecological models that are directly tied to data. Here we extend previous density-structured models to include environmental heterogeneity, variation in management, and to account for inter-population variation. We develop, parameterize, and test hierarchical density-structured models for a common agricultural weed, black-grass ( Alopecurus myosuroides ). We model the dynamics of this species in response to crop management, using survey data gathered over 4 yr from 364 fields across a network of 45 UK farms. We show that hierarchical density-structured models provide a sub- stantial improvement over their nonhierarchical counterparts. Using these models, we demonstrate that several alternative crop rotations are effective in reducing weed densities. Rotations with high wheat prevalence exhibit the most severe infestations, and diverse rotations generally have lower weed densities. However, a key outcome is that in many cases the effect of crop rota- tion is small compared to the high variability arising from spatiotemporal heterogeneity. This result highlights the need to monitor and model population dynamics across large spatial and temporal scales in order to account for variation in the drivers of plant dynamics. Our framework for data collection and modeling provides a means to achieve this.
Analysis of ploidy level of Artemisia annua L. based on flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Eighty nine Artemisia samples treated with different concentrations of colchicine were used as breeding samples, with diploid Artemisia as the control. The ploidy levels of samples were determined by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). An analysis of the flow cytometry results identified three suspected tetraploid plants and seven suspected triploid plants. The results of this study may be useful for breeding new Artemisia lines.
The Use of Trilingual Languages by Gayonese and Bataknese Teachers in Teaching English

This research investigated the use of trilingual languages by Gayonese and Bataknese teachers in teaching English. This study used the theory of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and applied a qualitative method. The data were obtained from videos taken in the classroom. They were analyzed by transcribing the spoken language into written form, identifying the languages used by classifying them into sentences, and calculating the sentences of each language to find out the frequency of languages used by Bataknese and Gayonese teachers in teaching English. The teachers predominately used Indonesian in teaching English (62.70%), the local language (23.81%), and English (13.49%). Keywords: Language Use, Teaching, Culture
An Assessment of Internet Addiction among Pre-University Students

The contemporary internet serves as a resource for accessing information and as a network for social interaction. This belief is especially true for adolescents, who are at an age where information seeking and social comparison is magnified (Livingstone et al., 2017). The most significant development of the internet is the interaction between ABSTRACT Online activities have become the norm in today’s society; therefore, it is necessary to investigate addictive internet usage especially among students. In this study, a total of 75 students aged 18–19 years old were randomly selected among the pre-university students as the respondents. They were required to fill in questionnaires, which included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and demographic information such as gender and parental monitoring. However, five questionnaires were excluded due to the missing values. Overall, the findings indicated rates of internet addiction at 52.86%, with severe addiction at 1.43%. While severe internet addiction is not common, moderate internet addiction seems to be, as it was reported at 51.43%. Additionally, internet addiction was higher among males compared to females (72% vs 42%). The three highest-ranked online activities were school work (100%), entertainment (100%) and social networking (97.14%). Overall, parental monitoring significantly impacted the rates of internet addiction. Hence, parental monitoring needs to be considered when designing and implementing interventions for internet addiction.
A novel remitting leukodystrophy associated with a variant in FBP2

Abstract Leukodystrophies are genetic disorders of cerebral white matter that almost exclusively have a progressive disease course. We became aware of three members of a family with a disorder characterized by a sudden loss of all previously acquired abilities around 1 year of age followed by almost complete recovery within 2 years. Cerebral MRI and myelin sensitive imaging showed a pronounced demyelination that progressed for several months despite signs of clinical improvement and was followed by remyelination. Exome sequencing did not-identify any mutations in known leukodystrophy genes but revealed a heterozygous variant in the FBP2 gene, c.343G>A, p. Val115Met, shared by the affected family members. Cerebral MRI of other family members demonstrated similar white matter abnormalities in all carriers of the variant in FBP2. The FBP2 gene codes for muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, an enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis that is highly expressed in brain tissue. Biochemical analysis showed that the variant has a dominant negative effect on enzymatic activity, substrate affinity, cooperativity and thermal stability. Moreover, it also affects the non-canonical functions of muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase involved in mitochondrial protection and regulation of several nuclear processes. In patients’ fibroblasts, muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase shows no colocalization with mitochondria and nuclei leading to increased reactive oxygen species production and a disturbed mitochondrial network. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the variant in FBP2 disturbs cerebral energy metabolism and is associated with a novel remitting leukodystrophy.
Trapianto renale da donatore vivente

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Lactate Metabolism and Microbiome Composition Are Affected by Nitrogen Gas Supply in Continuous Lactate-Based Chain Elongation

Chain elongation reactor microbiomes produce valuable medium-chain carboxylates (MCC) from non-sterile residual substrates where lactate is a relevant intermediate. Gas supply has been shown to impact chain elongation performance. In the present study, the effect of nitrogen gas (N2) supply on lactate metabolism, conversion rates, biomass growth, and microbiome composition was evaluated in a lactate-fed upflow anaerobic reactor with continuous or intermittent N2 gas supply. Successful MCC production was achieved with continuous N2 gas supply at low superficial gas velocities (SGV) of 0.22 m∙h−1. Supplying N2 at high SGV (>2 m∙h−1) either continuously (2.2 m∙h−1) or intermittently (3.6 m∙h−1) disrupted chain elongation, resulting in production of short-chain carboxylates (SCC), i.e., acetate, propionate, and n-butyrate. Caproiciproducens-dominated chain-elongating microbiomes enriched at low SGV were washed out at high SGV where Clostridium tyrobutyricum-dominated microbiomes thrived, by displaying higher lactate consumption rates. Suspended growth seemed to be dominant regardless of SGV and gas supply regime applied with no measurable sludge bed formed. The highest MCC production from lactate of 10 g COD∙L−1∙d−1 with electron selectivities of 72 ± 5%was obtained without N2 gas supply at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 day. The addition of 5 g∙L−1 of propionate did not inhibit chain elongation, but rather boosted lactate conversion rates towards MCC with n-heptylate reaching 1.8 g COD∙L−1∙d−1. N2 gas supply can be used for mixing purposes and to steer lactate metabolism to MCC or SCC production.
Analysing the injury severity characteristics of urban elderly drivers’ traffic accidents through the generalised ordered logit model: A case of Seoul, South Korea

Abstract As ageing population is growing faster, traffic accidents involving elderly drivers become a serious social problem in South Korea. The present study aims to examine the impact of environmental characteristics on the injury severity of accidents involving elderly drivers in Seoul, South Korea. To achieve the purpose, the study divided elderly drivers into the following two groups: young-elderly drivers aged 65–69 years and middle- and old-aged drivers over 69 years old. The study also analysed non-elderly drivers aged 30 to 64 years as the comparative group. The study used the generalised ordered logit model, which is widely used to analyse data with ordinal scales. The findings from the study draw attention to the fact that (1) the characteristics of traffic accidents by injury severity considerably differed by age group. (2) risk of accident severity involving elderly drivers increase in areas with heavy traffic volumes and facilities that may create a complex driving condition to elderly drivers, (3) since elderly drivers tend to require longer response time with impaired vision under complex driving environment, it increased the risk of traffic accidents that older drivers face a higher risk of fatal injuries than younger counterparts. Thus, in order to reduce traffic accidents involving elderly drivers, the traffic safety policies should take environmental characteristics as well as the human factor concerning elderly drivers’ difficulties because of ageing and longer cognitive response time. This study contributes to the research in traffic accidents involving elderly drivers in that not only the accident characteristics (human factors, road condition, weather), mostly used for traffic accident analysis, but also environmental factors concerning the urban characteristics of Seoul Metropolitan City were analysed to compare the risk of traffic accidents and accident severity by age groups.
The taming of the shrew: How the West could make the Kremlin listen

The regime that has emerged in Russia under President Vladimir Putin is no longer only Russia’s problem. By promoting corruption, kleptocratic practices and the violation of democratic norms in Western societies, and by using chemical weapons on their territories and carrying out assassinations abroad, Putin’s regime has become a significant domestic problem for the EU and the US. However, the preventative measures put in place by the West fall short of fundamentally influencing the regime’s behaviour. This article offers some suggestions on how to adjust existing European policy to enable it to more effectively influence the actions of the Kremlin on the international stage.
Validity of Transesophageal echocardiography in estimating left ventricular filling pressures in anaesthetised patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Background :The aim of this study was to validate whether pulmonary capillary wedge pressure estimated using transoesophageal echocardiography in anaesthetised patients receiving mechanical ventilation can be comparable to gold standard method of estimating PCWP by using pulmonary artery catheter. Methods : A cross sectional validity study conducted in a tertiary care cardiac centre in south India over a period of 6 months from February 2016 – August 2016 among 100 patients undergoing cardiac surgery where intraoperative TEE and pulmonary artery catheter used. In anesthetised patients, after the insertion of TEE probe, the following echocardiography ratios were calculated: 1) SF = S ⁄ S + D (systolic fraction of pulmonary venous flow 2) Systolic ⁄ diastolic (S ⁄ D ratio) 3) E ⁄ Ea 4) E ⁄ Vp 5) E ⁄ A ratio , for three consecutive cardiac cycles and averaged by two independent and blinded observers. All the echo measurements were taken pre cardiopulmonary bypass at end expiration and during a stable period of hemodynamics. Simultaneously PCWP was recorded from PAC. The ability of these variables to predict PCWP was tested for previously determined cutoffs as per extant guidelines and validity parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positives, predictive value of negatives & accuracy were computed. Conclusion : Use of E/A,DT,S/D,SF ratio & E/Vp reveal poor predictive capacity for detecting high left sided filling pressures. The use of E/Ea is reasonable to predict an elevated PCWP especially if the cohort predominantly comprises of patients with normal ejection fraction
Awareness of Folic Acid Intake among Women of Childbearing Age in Ha’il region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Folic acid deficiency is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies among women of childbearing-age. Folic acid is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin. Although the deficiency is easily corrected by administration of folic acid, but still the prevalence of folic acid deficiency is high. It can lead to neural tube defects (NTDs) in fetus, which are a major cause of severe disability and mortality among infant population, occurring in over one quarter of a million new-borns per year, worldwide. NTDs occur in the very early phase of pregnancy when the mother herself does not know that she is pregnant. This study has assessed awareness of women of childbearing age on folic acid i.e., timing of folic acid supplementation, different sources, symptoms of its deficiency, toxicity and its effect on fetus. Study was conducted in Ha’il region and its suburbs, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the period between October 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among 842 women aged between18 and 45 years using a close-ended questionnaire. Original Research Article Khan et al.; JPRI, 33(16): 42-54, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 66793 43 Results: In total, Folic Acid was taken by just 23.87% of participants. Only 33% knew that Folic Acid deficiency causes neural tube defects in fetus. Further it was revealed that postgraduates had a significantly better knowledge on Folic Acid ( ≤ 0.000) than others. Similarly, those who belonged to household where total monthly income was 5000 Saudi Riyals or more had better awareness on Folic Acid than participants who belonged to low socioeconomic status ( ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: It’s concluded that in Ha’il and its suburb area, women of childbearing age do not possess adequate knowledge on Folic Acid. Neural tube defects in fetus due to folic acid deficiency were not known by a large majority of respondents. However, awareness has a strong association with educational level and socioeconomic status. Hence it is recommended that female literacy and female employment should be promoted, encouraged and supported in Kingdom in order to improve our health indicators.
Synthesis of Cross-Coupled Resonator Filters Using Optimization Techniques

SolvOpt was a method to solve the local extremum of nonlinear objective function. A single local optimization method based on SolvOpt that synthesizes coupling matrix for cross-coupled microwave filters was presented. In order to solve the global minimum value of cost function, the setting rule of SolvOpt initial value was given, SolvOpt method simplified the process of synthesizing coupling matrix and provides fast convergence and good accuracy to find the final solution, compared hybrid optimization methods. Last, application examples illustrate the excellent performance and the validity of this method.
Recoiling From Threat: Anxiety Is Related to Heightened Suppression of Threat, Not Increased Attention to Threat

Increased attention to threat is considered a core feature of anxiety. However, there are multiple mechanisms of attention and multiple types of threat, and the relationships among attention, threat, and anxiety are poorly understood. In the present study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to separately isolate attentional selection (N2pc) and suppression (PD) of pictorial threats (photos of weapons, snakes, etc.) and conditioned threats (colored shapes paired with electric shock). In a sample of 48 young adults, both threat types were initially selected for increased attention (an N2pc), but only conditioned threats elicited subsequent suppression (a PD) and a reaction time (RT) bias. Levels of trait anxiety were unrelated to N2pc amplitude, but increased anxiety was associated with larger PDs (i.e., greater suppression) and reduced RT bias to conditioned threats. These results suggest that anxious individuals do not pay more attention to threats but rather engage more attentional suppression to overcome threats.