Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Underrun Heels and Toe-Grab Length as Possible Risk Factors for Catastrophic Musculoskeletal Injuries in Oklahoma Racehorses

Prevalence of underrun heels in 90 Oklahoma racehorses of different breeds examined postmortem by the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory exceeded 97%. Severity of the underrun heels was significantly greater in racehorses experiencing catastrophic suspensory apparatus injuries than a control group whose deaths were not related to the musculoskeletal system. Lengths of toe grabs were not a significant potential risk factor in catastrophic suspensory apparatus injuries in this study. This research was performed while the authors were employed by the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Balch, Collier) and the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Helman), College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 47078. Authors’ addresses: 720 W. 1st Str. , Apt. #37, Cheney, WA 99004 (Balch); IDEXX Veterinary Services, 200 Westboro Road Bldg. 20, North Grafton, MA 01536-1895 (Helman); Office of the Dean, College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 (Collier). © 2001 AAEP.
Preferential type 1 chemokine receptors and cytokine production of CD28− T cells in ankylosing spondylitis

Objective: To examine serum levels of type 1 and type 2 chemokines and lymphocytic expression of chemokine receptors, and to compare the results with lymphocytic cytokine production in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Twelve patients with AS (mean (SD) age 44.9 (14.7) years) and 27 healthy controls (46.4 (12.8) years) were enrolled into the study. The expression of chemokine receptors (CCR-5, CXCR-3, CCR-4) and cytokines (interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)2, IL4, IL10, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)) on CD28+ and CD28− T cell subtypes was analysed by a three colour FACS technique of peripheral blood samples. Serum ELISAs were performed to detect the CCR-5 ligands CCL-5, CCL-3; the CXCR-3 ligands CXCL-10, CXCL-9; and the CCR-4 ligand, CCL-17 before and after administration of the TNFα blocking agent infliximab. Results: CD4+CD28− T cells had higher ratios of CXCR-3 to CCR-4 than CD4+CD28+ T cells. Both, CD4+ and CD8+CD28− T cells of patients with AS produced more IFNγ, TNFα, and IL10 than their CD28+ counterparts (p<0.05), and lacked the production of IL2 and IL4. Serum levels of CXCL-9 were increased in patients with AS to 59.2 pg/ml (34.1–730.5) compared with 32.5 pg/ml (20.0–79.5) in healthy controls (p = 0.016). The levels of both type 1 (CCL-5, CXCL-9) and type 2 chemokines (CCL-17) decreased under blockade of TNFα (p<0.05). Conclusions: The profile of chemokine receptor expression and cytokine production by CD28− T cells suggests a type 1 immune reaction in AS, although IL10 is frequently produced by CD28− T cells. Treatment with TNFα blocking antibodies decreased both types of chemokines in patients’ sera.
Experimental Investigation of the Usfulness of Bracelet Trackers in Sports and Health Monitoring - Critical Evaluation of a New Handheld Activity Monitoring Device Class

In professional sports and medicine, the use of electronic devices for activity monitoring and controlled exercising is commonly established since many decades. Due to miniaturization of computer electronics, sports and health devices became popular for non-elite sports users during the last twenty years, many of these in the appearance of watch-like systems, e.g. as running computers or as versatile heart rate monitors. Technologically based on such devices and since few time, various vendors in the sports and health field started to offer bracelet-like systems, while making the customers believe that the continuous use of such devices in daily life can be considered even more fashionable and helpful. This paper compares the new wristband device generation with the established, well-working sports watches. Significant findings about the sensor quality together with observation of the enforced Internet-based user handling yield a rather critical reflection about the usefulness of the this new device class for sports and health activity tracking.
The Interdependence of the Factors Influencing the Perceived Quality of the Online Learning Experience: A Causal Model

A structural model of the drivers of online education is proposed and tested. The findings help to identify the interrelated nature of the lectures delivered via technology outside of the traditional classroom, the importance of mentoring, the need to develop course structure, the changing roles for instructors and students, and the importance of designing and delivering course content on the enhancement of the online learning experience. The results support an integrated, building-block approach for developing successful online programs and courses.
Corporate community involvement among leading companies in Australia and New Zealand

This paper explores the strategies, structures, measurement and patterns of corporate community involvement (CCI) among a group of 52 leading companies in Australia and New Zealand. Data from the St James Ethics Centre Corporate Responsibility Index is explored to reveal the patterns and extent of CCI for a sample of 52 separate companies that have participated in the index since its launch in 2003. This research reports several findings: First, the majority of companies have developed strategies, management targets and structures and processes to address community issues. Second, almost all companies have a community-business partnership as part of their CCI strategy. Companies are taking a strategic approach to these partnerships with over three quarters of participants indicating that most of their partnerships have clearly set and agreed objectives, terms of involvement and measures to evaluate the success of the project. Third, while a significant number of companies monitor their CCI, the emphasis remains on the measurement of inputs. Fewer companies measure CCI outputs and outcomes in terms of leverage, community and business benefits. Finally, while most companies publicly report on their CCI, the content remains on inputs rather than outputs and impact and few have an independent assurance process of their CCI programs.
Which Preoperative Factors, Including Bone Bruise, Are Associated With Knee Pain/Symptoms at Index Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR)?

Background: Increased knee pain at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may potentially predict more difficult rehabilitation, prolonged recovery, and/or be predictive of increased knee pain at 2 years. Hypothesis: A bone bruise and/or other preoperative factors are associated with more knee pain/symptoms at the time of index anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the presence of a bone bruise would be associated with specific demographic and injury-related factors. Study Design: Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: In 2007, the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) database began to prospectively collect surgeon-reported magnetic resonance imaging bone bruise status. A multivariable analysis was performed to (1) determine if a bone bruise, among other preoperative factors, is associated with more knee symptoms/pain and (2) examine the association of factors related to bone bruise. To evaluate the association of a bone bruise with knee pain/symptoms, linear multiple regression models were fit using the continuous scores of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) symptoms and pain subscales and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) bodily pain subscale as dependent variables. To examine the association between a bone bruise and risk factors, a logistic regression model was used, in which the dependent variable was the presence or absence of a bone bruise. Results: Baseline data for 525 patients were used for analysis, and a bone bruise was present in 419 (80%). The cohort comprises 58% male patients, with a median age of 23 years. The median Marx activity level was 13. Factors associated with more pain were higher body mass index (P < .0001), female sex (P = .001), lateral collateral ligament injury (P = .012), and older age (P = .038). Factors associated with more symptoms were a concomitant lateral collateral ligament injury (P = .014), higher body mass index (P < .0001), and female sex (P < .0001). Bone bruise is not associated with symptoms/pain at the time of index anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. None of the factors included in the SF-36 bodily pain model were found to be significant. After controlling for other baseline factors, the following factors were associated with a bone bruise: younger age (P = .034) and not jumping at the time of injury (P = .006). Conclusion: After anterior cruciate ligament injury, risk factors associated with a bone bruise are younger age and not jumping at the time of injury. Bone bruise is not associated with symptoms/pain at the time of index anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
THE "NEW SETTLERS": RESULTS OF A BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEY DURING THE FIRST 6-MONTHS OPERATION PERIOD OF AN INTERNAL MEDICINE WARD IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

During the first six months of operating a new Internal-medicine ward in a tertiary hospital, a prospective survey, tracking both patient and environment bacteriological samples taken, was conducted. The motive behind the study was to establish the pattern in which environmental colonization is transmitted to the hospitalized patients and vice versa, thus defining the nosocomial pathogens that are typical to the ward. That information can be used to guide empirical antibiotic treatment. Patient sampling was done on clinical grounds whereas environmental cultures were systematically acquired from different surfaces around the ward. 6-months’ results analysis suggest that clinically guided culture rates were tightly associated with volume of patients admitted, with no such association demonstrated between volume of cultures taken and rate of positive results, except for urine cultures. Regarding environmental sampling, we demonstrated no benefit in taking empirical, surface samples for common nosocomial pathogens. Our findings could further improve future resources allocation with regard to infection control and clinical bacteriology routines in newly established internal medicine wards.
Cellular survival: a play in three Akts.

The programmed cell death that occurs as part of normal mammalian development was first observed nearly a century ago (Collin 1906). It has since been established that approximately half of all neurons in the neuroaxis and >99.9% of the total number of cells generated during the course of a human lifetime go on to die through a process of apoptosis (for review, see Datta and Greenberg 1998; Vaux and Korsmeyer 1999). The induction of developmental cell death is a highly regulated process and can be suppressed by a variety of extracellular stimuli. The purification in the 1950s of the nerve growth factor (NGF), which promotes the survival of sympathetic neurons, set the stage for the discovery that peptide trophic factors promote the survival of a wide variety of cell types in vitro and in vivo (Levi-Montalcini 1987). The profound biological consequences of growth factor (GF) suppression of apoptosis are exemplified by the critical role of target-derived neurotrophins in the survival of neurons and the maintenance of functional neuronal circuits. (Pettmann and Henderson 1998). Recently, the ability of trophic factors to promote survival have been attributed, at least in part, to the phosphatidylinositide 38-OH kinase (PI3K)/c-Akt kinase cascade. Several targets of the PI3K/c-Akt signaling pathway have been recently identified that may underlie the ability of this regulatory cascade to promote survival. These substrates include two components of the intrinsic cell death machinery, BAD and caspase 9, transcription factors of the forkhead family, and a kinase, IKK, that regulates the NF-kB transcription factor. This article reviews the mechanisms by which survival factors regulate the PI3K/c-Akt cascade, the evidence that activation of the PI3K/c-Akt pathway promotes cell survival, and the current spectrum of c-Akt targets and their roles in mediating c-Akt-dependent cell survival.
Effect of partial recording protocols on severity estimates of periodontal disease.

OBJECTIVES The study aim was to assess bias magnitudes of periodontal disease severity estimates for specific partial recording protocols (PRPs) in epidemiological studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Estimates of mean clinical attachment loss (MCAL) and mean probing pocket depth (MPPD) were derived for 20 different PRPs using full-mouth periodontal data from 1437 dentate Brazilian subjects 14-103 years old having at least four teeth. Biases, relative biases and intra-class correlations for all PRPs were evaluated. Graphical methods were used to assess how well the PRP-based estimates agreed with full-mouth scores across levels of disease. RESULTS Slightly higher levels of disease were evidenced on lingual than on buccal sites. Seven multi-site PRPs and the Ramfjörd PRP produced small biases in MPPD (-0.17 to 0.04 mm) and MCAL with relative biases under 8% and 4% in absolute value for MPPD and MCAL, respectively. Biases for full- and random half-mouth-based PRPs were similar. The three-site random half-mouth MB-B-DL and the Ramfjörd PRPs produced the smallest biases, with relative biases <3% in absolute value for MPPD and MCAL. CONCLUSIONS Bias for MPPD or MCAL estimates varies by site type, number of sites per tooth and number of quadrants included in the PRP.
CDMA versus TDMA Transfer over Shared Bus

CDMA interconnect is a new interconnect mechanism for SoC design. This paper presents how a multiprocessor system can benefit from the use of concurrent data transfers: CDMA interconnect has been adopted to implement the shared bus of a multiprocessor system. Unlike the conventional TDMA bus-based multiprocessor system that shows degradation in performance as the number of processing cores increases, the proposed CDMA bus-based multiprocessor system shows higher performance up to 188 percent for four processors. The obtained results show that increased data transfer latencies involved by CDMA data transfer are compensated by simultaneous master-slave transfers.
Explicit, non-integrated product placement in British television programmes

The rapid increase in the volume and variety of product placement approaches has outpaced research in the field. There is a marked shortage of studies that address particular product placement (pp) techniques in specified situational contexts. This paper reports the category of pp known as explicit, non-integrated product placement in the context of British television programmes. The study used a small convenience sample of young, mixed-nationality TV viewers who were familiar with the British and non-British shows on British commercial TV. Their attitudes to and recognition of pp in this context were explored. The findings are set within a wider-ranging review of previous research, and suggest important implications for promotional practice and fu ture research.
An improved tabu search algorithm for the fixed-spectrum frequency-assignment problem

A tabu search algorithm with a dynamic tabu list for the fixed-spectrum frequency-assignment problem is presented. For cellular problems, the algorithm can be combined with an efficient cell reoptimization step. The algorithm is tested on several sets of test problems and compared with existing algorithms of established performance. In particular, it is used to improve some of the best existing assignments for COST 259 benchmarks. These results add support to the claim that the algorithm is the most effective available, at least when solution quality is a more important criterion than solution speed. The algorithm is robust and easy to tune.
Frequency tuning a reflex triode vircator from 1.5 to 5.9 GHz

Vircators (virtual cathode oscillators) are easily frequency tunable by simply altering the electron beam current density through either adjusting the accelerating voltage or varying the anode cathode gap (A-K gap). It is noted that vircators typically exhibit frequency hopping, an often undesired feature. Here we address the frequency hopping problem by introducing a rectangular shaped carbon fiber cathode with the width of the cathode less than one quarter of a wavelength in the direction of microwave propagation. Operating the vircator with the rectangular cathode revealed a match with a resonant condition from back wall reflections, which explains the observed dominant microwave frequency selection. That is, the vircator emitted stably during 50 ns operation at 3.89 GHz or 2.07 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 37.5 MHz or 93.7 MHz, at A-K gap spacing of 8 mm, and 12 mm respectively. To further investigate frequency tuning, the A-K gap was swept from 3 mm to 17 mm while keeping a constant 5.1 cm diameter circular cathode. The resulting frequencies of operation were 1.5 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 4.1 GHz, 4.6 GHz, and 5.9 GHz at A-K gap spacing of 17mm, 14 mm, 7 mm, 5.75 mm, and 3 mm respectively. This demonstrates that a tuning range of 4.4 GHz should be achievable for a practical vircator system.
Influences on the perceived risk of purchasing online

This paper examines whether the perceived risk of online purchasing by consumers varies with the frequency of previous purchases, satisfaction with previous purchase experiences, the good/service orientation of an intended purchase and the level of purchase decision involvement required. No association was found between the frequency of online purchasing and perceived risk, although satisfaction with prior internet purchases was negatively associated with the perceived risk of intended purchases, but only for low-involvement products. Differences in perceived risk were associated with whether the intended purchase was a good or service and whether it was a high or low-involvement product. Analysis of consumer perceived risks, disaggregated by type of risk and purchase situation, provides insight into impediments that may hinder the expansion of consumer purchasing using the internet. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications.
THE ADOPTION OF FRS 112 AND THE TREATMENT FORUNABSORBEDTAX LOSSES, UNABSORBED CAPITAL ALLOWANCES,UNUTILISED REINVESTMENT ALLOWANCES, PIONEER LOSSES ANDALLOWANCES FOR INCREASE OF EXPORT

Adoption of FRS 112 Income Taxes in the year 2007 is one of the progresses towards full convergence. Since FRS 112 is a standard that outlines the recognition and disclosure and measurement rules for book tax differences, the impact of certain tax rules in Malaysia on accounting practices will have implications on book tax differences. One such rule concerns the treatment of tax incentives that allow for carry forward of allowances and tax losses such as unutilised reinvestment allowances (RA) and investment tax allowances (ITA). This study provides information on the recognition of allowances and tax losses due to the normal operations of businesses (category I) and those dues to businesses that are granted tax incentives (category II). In view of this, there are two research objectives. First is to observe the current practices of companies on the recognition of temporary differences that arises due to unabsorbed tax losses and allowances upon the application of FRS112 (i.e. for category I and II). Second is to identify a pattern between companies’ and their auditors’ characteristics with their recognition of deferred tax assets. Two conclusions could be made from preliminary descriptive analysis. Firstly, the recognition rate of deferred tax assets for category I is more diversified among companies than category II. Secondly, for category II, among the auditors’ characteristics that are analysed in this study, differences between Big-4 auditors do play a bigger role in the rate of recognition for deferred tax assets. The different practices adopted by auditors could possibly be due to the different interpretations in the requirements of para 34-36 of FRS112 or the revised IAS 12. These two conclusions could possibly be due to the lack of definition in revised IAS 12 on tax credit and investment tax credit. Hence, issue arises whether the tax allowances such as ITA and RA are eligible to be defined as tax credit. Therefore, there are different opinion hence different practices by companies. Keyword: Deferred tax, Investment incentives, Conservatism, Fair presentation
Migraine biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To perform a meta-analysis of migraine biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and of corresponding blood concentrations. Methods We conducted a systematic search for studies that measured biochemical compounds in CSF of chronic or episodic migraineurs and non-headache controls. Subsequent searches retrieved studies with blood measurements of selected CSF biomarkers. If a compound was assessed in three or more studies, results were pooled in a meta-analysis with standardised mean differences (SMD) as effect measures. Results Sixty-two compounds were measured in 40 CSF studies. Most important results include: increased glutamate (five studies, SMD 2.22, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.13), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (three studies, SMD: 3.80, 95% CI: 3.19, 4.41) and nerve growth factor (NGF) (three studies, SMD: 6.47, 95% CI: 5.55, 7.39) in chronic migraine patients and decreased β-endorphin (β-EP) in both chronic (four studies, SMD: –1.37, 95% CI: –1.80, –0.94) and interictal episodic migraine patients (three studies, SMD: –1.12, 95% CI: –1.65, –0.58). In blood, glutamate (interictal) and CGRP (chronic, interictal and ictal) were increased and β-EP (chronic, interictal and ictal) was decreased. Conclusions Glutamate, β-EP, CGRP and NGF concentrations are altered in CSF and, except for NGF, also in blood of migraineurs. Future research should focus on the pathophysiological roles of these compounds in migraine.
An investigation of gender differences in on-line privacy concerns and resultant behaviors

This study examines whether gender differences are apparent in attitudes and behaviors toward advertising and marketing practices involving information gathering and privacy on-line. As part of a larger study, 889 internet users nationwide were surveyed using electronic mail. Results indicated that women and men differed significantly in their attitudes toward several practices, with women generally appearing more concerned about the effect the practice would have on their personal privacy. Additionally, the study found that men were likely to adopt behaviors to protect their privacy when they became concerned; women, however, rarely adopted protective behaviors. Implications for web advertisers are provided.