Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renale Verlaufsformen der Bence-Jones Proteinurie

Bence-Jones Proteine können durch Ausfällung im Nierentubulus und/oder parenchymale Ablagerung eine Nephropathie auslösen. Histopathologisch lassen sich typische Befallsmuster differenzieren. Klinisch können wir anhand der renalen Kreatininelimination, sowie der Harnauscheidung renaler und prärenaler Markerproteine folgende vier Verlaufsmuster differenzieren: 1. Keine Nephropathie feststellbar; 2. funktionelle Insuffizienz ohne Proteinurie; 3. tubuläre Proteinurie mit geringer Retention; 4. glomerulotubuläre Proteinurie mit geringer Retention. Diese vier Verlaufsformen schließen sich offenbar gegenseitig aus und werden durch die genannten Kriterien klar getrennt. Als Archetypen einer renalen Reaktion auf die Belastung mit Bence-Jones Proteinen sollten sie die Basis einer differenzierten und angepaßten Therapie bilden.
Lower Extremity Pain of Lumbar Spine Origin: Differentiating Somatic Referred and Radicular Pain

Abstract The primary purpose of this literature review is to determine if descriptions of the quality of lower extremity pain originating in the lumbar spine can reliably be used to identify potential structures at fault. The secondary purpose of this review is to determine if the segmental level of the spine can be identified based on the location of the pain in the lower extremity in circumstances where the lower extremity pain is of lumbar spine origin. A literature review revealed that somatic structures from the lumbar spine can refer pain into the lower extremities. The quality of somatic referred pain is most commonly perceived as deep, achy, diffuse, and poorly localized. Somatic structures of the lumbar spine do not refer pain consistently in a segmental pattern into the lower extremity, and the concept of sclerotomes is not supported in the current literature. Radicular pain is described as intense, radiating, severe, sharp, darting, lancinating, and well localized. It is generally accepted that radicular pain from L5 and S1 consistently follows a dermatomal pattern into the lower extremity most of the time, especially if the pain extends past the ankle. It is difficult to distinguish between L5 and S1 radicular pain patterns above the ankle. More research is needed in order to draw conclusions concerning the L1-L4 and S2 nerve roots as to whether or not they consistently cause radicular pain into their respective dermatomes. It appears, based on the literature, one cannot develop a reliable, consistent initial hypothesis of which somatic structure(s) (ligaments, vertebrae, dura, musculature, zygoapophyseal joints, or intervertebral discs) may be at fault based on the description of the pain; however, the quality of the pain may assist the clinician in hypothesizing whether the patient's problems are predominantly somatic in origin, of nerve root origin, or a combination of both. Based on the literature, one cannot identify what segmental level of the spine may be involved based on the location of the pain if the pain is somatic in origin. However, for radicular pain, the pattern will more likely follow a dermatome if it is caused by a L5 or S1 nerve root.
Análisis Antropométrico de la Simetría Corporal en Jugadores de Bádminton

El objetivo del estudio fue comprobar si existen diferencias entre el lado dominante y no dominante de las medidas antropometricas en los mejores jugadores y jugadoras espanoles de badminton, asi como verificar si el lado del cuerpo donde se realiza la medicion puede influir en el calculo de la composicion corporal y del somatotipo. Participaron voluntariamente en el estudio 46 jugadores de badminton de elite, 31 eran hombres (edad=21,7±4,3 anos) y 15 mujeres (edad=19,1±4,4 anos). Se tomaron las medidas de 6 pliegues cutaneos, 3 diametros, 3 longitudes y 5 perimetros del lado dominante y no dominante de los sujetos. Se calculo la composicion corporal y el somatotipo con los valores registrados en cada uno de los lados. No se encontraron diferencias en los pliegues ni en las longitudes entre el lado dominante y no dominante, como consecuencia tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de grasa (dominante=11,20±4,45%; no dominante=11,12±4,48%; ns). Aparecieron valores superiores (p<0,05) en los diametros oseos y en los perimetros en el lado dominante. El porcentaje oseo fue mayor calculado a partir de las mediciones del lado dominante (dominante=16,37±1,14%, no dominante=15,66±1,12%; p<0,001). El porcentaje muscular fue mayor calculado a partir de las mediciones del lado no dominante (dominante=49,39±2,60%, no dominante=50,18±2,69%; p<0,001). Como conclusion podemos afirmar que existen asimetrias corporales en los jugadores de badminton de alto nivel, al encontrarse diferencias en los diametros oseos y en los perimetros entre el lado dominante y no dominante. Al calcular la composicion corporal con el lado dominante de los jugadores de badminton se esta sobreestimando el porcentaje oseo e infraestimando el porcentaje muscular.
Stiffness Modulation of Locking Plate Constructs Using Near Cortical Slotted Holes: A Preliminary Study

Objectives: Axial stiffness is a critical mechanical parameter in fracture plating. Standard locked plates allow minimal opportunities for stiffness alteration, and current methods are arbitrary and may lead to stiffness mismatch between the implant and bone. Milling the near cortex into a slot allows for an increase in translation of the screw shaft at the near cortex. The purpose of this proof of concept study was to determine the effects of slots on stiffness and their ability to maintain fixation of locking plates under cyclic loading. Methods: Using segments of fourth-generation synthetic diaphyseal bone, a simulated fracture with a gap was created and locked plates were applied with 4 bicortical locked screws in each fragment. On one fragment, the 4 near cortex holes were sequentially milled to 5 × 6-mm slots. Axial and torsional stiffnesses were determined for constructs with 0 through 4 slots. Specimens with 4 slots then underwent axial cyclic loading to determine the change in stiffness and loss of fixation. Extraction torque was measured for all screws to assess for screw loosening with cycling. Results: In constructs with 4 slots, axial stiffness decreased by 73% (P < 0.05) relative to the 0-slot constructs. Torsional stiffness of the 3- and 4-slot specimens decreased by 20% (SD, 13%; P < 0.05) and 17% (SD, 13%; P < 0.05), respectively, compared with the 0-slot specimens. With cyclic loading, no failures occurred in any specimen. No change in stiffness had occurred by the end of cycling (106% of initial stiffness; SD, 4%; P = 0.96). No screw loosening occurred during cyclic loading. Conclusions: Purposeful stiffness modulation in fracture fixation is critical to facilitate uneventful fracture healing. Converting near cortical holes to slots allowed selective axial stiffness adjustment without sacrificing fixation stability under cyclic loading. With further refinement, this simple modification of standard implant application may allow the surgeon to decrease the modulus mismatch between plating constructs and bone to decrease the risk of fixation failure.
Advances in metabolic engineering of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of chemicals

Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important industrial host for production of enzymes, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical ingredients and recently also commodity chemicals and biofuels. Here, we review the advances in modeling and synthetic biology tools and how these tools can speed up the development of yeast cell factories. We also present an overview of metabolic engineering strategies for developing yeast strains for production of polymer monomers: lactic, succinic, and cis,cis‐muconic acids. S. cerevisiae has already firmly established itself as a cell factory in industrial biotechnology and the advances in yeast strain engineering will stimulate development of novel yeast‐based processes for chemicals production.
Post-stroke depression: different characteristics based on follow-up stage and gender–a cohort perspective study from Mainland China

Abstract Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common and important comorbidity in patients after stroke. It negatively impacts stroke survivors’ outcomes. Plenty of studies have investigated risk factors for PSD, especially sex differences. However, the results remain inconsistent. In this study, we explored the prevalence and risk factors for PSD both in the acute phase and the chronic phase of stroke, emphasizing on the impact of gender in PSD. Methods: About 1094 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were included in the study. Patients were followed up, respectively, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after stroke. Data collected included demographic and stroke-related factors, and whether patients still suffer from PSD at each time points. T-test, chi-square test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to explore the group differences between patients with PSD and without PSD, and between female and male patients. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the risk factors for PSD both in the acute and the chronic stage of stroke. Results: The prevalence of PSD was 25.4, 17.6, and 12.4%, respectively 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after stroke. Female patients had higher prevalence of PSD compared with male patients (31.4 vs. 22.4% 2 weeks after stroke; 20.05 vs. 16.22% 3 months after stroke; 15.04 vs. 11.05% 12 months after stroke). In the acute stage of stroke, female gender (OR 1.686 95%CI 1.155–2.462) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR 1.118 95%CI 1.076–1.162) were independent risk factors for PSD. However, in the chronic stage of stroke, risk factors for PSD were different. At 3 months, NIHSS score (OR 1.082 95%CI 1.037–1.128), smoking (OR 1.772 95%CI 1.163–2.701), and frontal lobe lesion (OR 2.331 95%CI 1.472–3.692) were independent risk factors for PSD. On the other hand, education level (OR 0.693 95%CI 0.486–0.998) was a protective factor. About 12 months after stroke onset, NIHSS score (OR 1.113 95%CI 1.062–1.167) and living alone (OR 3.608 95%CI 1.538–8.466) were risk factors for PSD. Conclusion: PSD is common in stroke survivors, and female patients have higher prevalence of PSD. Risk factors for PSD in the acute phase are different from that in the chronic phase of stroke. Female gender is an independent risk factor for PSD in the acute stage of stroke. Smoking, frontal lobe lesion, and living alone are predictive factors for PSD in the chronic stage of stroke. NIHSS score is a risk factor for PSD both in the acute and in the chronic stage of stroke. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the elevated prevalence of PSD in female.
Engineering the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Frontiers in biomaterial science

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the generation of the body's blood and immune cells. This process takes place primarily in the bone marrow in specialized 'niche' microenvironments, which provide signals responsible for maintaining a balance between HSC quiescence, self‐renewal, and lineage specification required for life‐long hematopoiesis. While our understanding of these signaling mechanisms continues to improve, our ability to engineer them in vitro for the expansion of clinically relevant HSC populations is still lacking. In this review, we focus on development of biomaterials‐based culture platforms for in vitro study of interactions between HSCs and their local microenvironment. The tools and techniques used for both examining HSC‐niche interactions as well as applying these findings towards controlled HSC expansion or directed differentiation in 2D and 3D platforms are discussed. These novel techniques hold the potential to push the existing boundaries of HSC cultures towards high‐throughput, real‐time, and single‐cell level biomimetic approaches that enable a more nuanced understanding of HSC regulation and function. Their application in conjunction with innovative biomaterial platforms can pave the way for engineering artificial bone marrow niches for clinical applications as well as elucidating the pathology of blood‐related cancers and disorders.
THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC AT CAMP DEVENS IN 1918: A STUDY OF THE PATHOLOGY OF THE FATAL CASES

It may arouse wonder that another contribution to this much discussed subject should be offered so long after the subsidence of the pandemic form of this disease in view of the excellent reports on the pathology of the disease already presented by numerous investigators, including Goodpasture and Burnett,1Goodpasture,2Winternitz,3Klotz,4MacCallum,5and Opie and associates.6Excellent material, however, was obtained at Camp Devens during the epidemic, and although Wolbach7has published a preliminary report on the pathology and bacteriology of these cases, the more complete study of this material has only just been made. As this study has brought out some interesting points which have not been emphasized by other workers, and as it is possible from this material to form a definite opinion in regard to the course of the lesions in the different organs and their relation to various bacteria present, it seems advisable to publish the
Need for affect, need for cognition, and the intention–fruit consumption relationship: An action-control perspective

Objective: Predictors of action-control profiles are useful targets for health behaviour change interventions, but action-control research has not focused on fruit consumption and has not yet included need for affect and need for cognition, despite the demonstrated usefulness of these variables in a broad range of research. The role of these variables for fruit consumption action control was explored. Design: Prospective data was collected with self-administered questionnaires. Setting: University. Method: Undergraduate students (n = 109; mean age = 22.63 (SD = 2.67), 78% female) who were recruited using announcements at the university completed measures of need for affect and cognition and theory of planned behaviour items that were used as independent variables. Self-reported fruit consumption one month later was the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations, discriminant function analysis and analysis of variance. Results: Affective attitude, cognitive attitude and perceived behavioural control (PBC) were significantly correlated with the discriminant function. Successful intenders had significantly higher scores on PBC than unsuccessful intenders; intenders had significantly higher scores on attitude measures and PBC. Additionally, high-affect unsuccessful intenders had higher scores on affective attitudes measures than high-affect unsuccessful nonintenders. Conclusion: Cognitive attitude, affective attitude, and PBC are relevant intervention targets to increase motivation to consume sufficient fruits. Further, the promotion of controllability of fruit consumption should minimize the intention–fruit consumption gap. These effects occur relatively independent of need for affect and cognition.
Documentation of corneal epithelial defects with fluorescein‐enhanced digital fundus camera photography

The advent of digital photography in the ophthalmic setting has provided not only a means of documenting pathology, but with instantaneous results, it is possible to aid clinical diagnosis and management. This study was designed to demonstrate the ability to image corneal epithelial lesions stained with fluorescein, with a digital fundus camera set on fluorescein angiography settings. The contrast of this technique demonstrated both gross and subtle corneal epithelial lesions better than traditional methods. The results obtained demonstrated the high sensitivity and high contrast images this technique can facilitate in every ophthalmic practice equipped with a fundus camera with digital fluorescein angiography capability.
Marginalization and Linear Opinion Pools

Abstract Suppose a decision maker has asked a group of experts to assess subjective probability distributions over some space, and he wishes to find a consensus probability distribution as a function of these. The assumption that finding the consensus distribution commutes with marginalization of the distributions implies that the consensus must be found using a linear opinion pool (weighted average), provided the space being considered contains three or more points. Some of the consequences of this result are discussed.
Biosynthesis of poly(2‐hydroxyisovalerate‐co‐lactate) by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) containing 2‐hydroxyacids such as lactate (LA) and 2‐hydroxybutyrate (2HB) have recently been produced by metabolically engineered microorganisms. Here, we further expanded 2‐hydroxyacid monomer spectrum of PHAs by engineering Escherichia coli to produce PHAs containing 2‐hydroxyisovalerate (2HIV). To generate 2HIV in vivo, feedback resistant ilvBNmut genes encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase and ilvCD genes encoding ketol‐acid reductoisomerase and dihydroxyacid dehydratase, respectively, and panE gene encoding d‐2‐hydroxyacid dehydrogenase are overexpressed. Also, pct540 gene encoding evolved propionyl‐CoA transferase and phaC1437 gene encoding evolved PHA synthase are overexpressed along with ilvBNmut, ilvCD, and panE genes in E. coli strain for in vivo synthesis of 2HIV containing PHAs. E. coli strain expressing all of these genes can produce poly(13.2 mol% 2HIV‐co‐7.5 mol% 2HB‐co‐42.5 mol% 3HB‐co‐36.8 mol% LA) when it is cultured in a chemically defined medium containing 20 g/L of glucose and 2 g/L of sodium 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB). To produce PHA containing only 2HIV and LA monomers, poxB, pflB, adhE and frdB genes encoding enzymes involved in competing pathways for pyruvate are deleted so that cells can generate more 2HIV and LA. When this engineered E. coli strain expressing ilvBNmut, ilvCD, panE, pct540 and phaC1437 genes is cultured in the medium containing 20 g/L of glucose and 2 mM l‐isoleucine, which can inhibit l‐threonine dehydratase responsible for in vivo 2HB generation, poly(20 mol% 2HIV‐co‐80 mol% LA) can be produced to the polymer content of 9.6% w/w. These results suggest that novel PHAs containing 2HIV can be produced by engineering branched‐chain amino acid metabolism.
Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway May Provide Novel Molecular Targets for Acute and Long Term Efficacy of Mood-Regulating Drugs

Existing treatments for depression usually take several weeks to achieve their antidepressant effects, and a significant number of patients do not have adequate improvement or are treatment refractory even after long-term drug administration. Moreover, the increased risk of suicide is a serious public health concern that can occur particularly during the initial stages of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for therapeutics with improved efficacy that can exert their effects within hours or days of their administration. The pteridine tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential co-factor for production of many neurotransmitters including serotonin. Given the pivotal role of BH4 in several processes fundamental to the pathobiology of mood disorders and the mechanisms of action of mood-regulating drugs, it is surprising that only a few studies have examined the potential role of BH4 pathway genes in individual variability in susceptibility to mood disorders and their treatment outcomes. Although previous studies have examined BH4 in these contexts, there were methodological shortcomings, as well as conflicting findings. However, more recent studies have provided new evidence for the importance of the BH4 pathway in mood disorders and their treatment. For example, the recent finding that the SSRI antidepressant paroxetine substantially affects the level of the protein sepiapterin reductase, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of BH4, in neural cells, has suggested a need to re-examine the BH4 pathway in the context of the pathobiology of mood disorders and, more importantly, as a potential target for mood-regulating drugs.
Glaucoma club: a successful model to educate glaucoma patients

patient should be seated (in the case of infants, on the parent’s lap) at arms’ length from the examiner, in a room with dim lighting. The Krimsky test is first performed using the light source of the ophthalmoscope (Figs 1,2). When the angle of the squint is measured as accurately as possible, the ophthalmoscope is elevated and the Bruckner reflex sought (Fig. 3). The prism power may need to be adjusted to equalize the fundus red reflexes such that the Bruckner reflex becomes negative. In essence, the Bruckner reflex becomes negative (i.e. symmetrical) when viewed through the correct power prism(s). If possible, the accuracy of the measurement can be confirmed by using the prism cover test, but with experience this step is usually not necessary. A satisfactory surgical outcome for strabismus surgery depends, in part, on accurate measurement of the angle of misalignment. We have found that combining the Krimsky test and the Bruckner reflex makes measurement of the angle of strabismus much easier in infants than the prism cover test, especially when combining loose prisms in front of both eyes to measure infants with large angle strabismus. A search of PubMed and Embase using the terms ‘Bruckner reflex’ and ‘Krimsky test’ did not find any papers describing the combination of these tests. The technique that we are describing seems to distress infants much less than moving the hand from one eye to another during the performance of the prism cover test and offers the potential benefit of more accurate measurement. We recommend it as part of the strabismologists’ repertoire.
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Breast Cancer

Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a class of enzymes able to degrade numerous extracellular matrix macromolecules facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. The principal MMPs involved in breast pathology are analyzed with their various roles and functions: gelatinases A and B, stromelysin‐3, collagenase‐3, and MT‐MMP1 (membrane type MMP). In vivo and in vitro studies clearly demonstrate an important cooperation between tumor and stromal cells for the expression of these MMPs in breast carcinomas. The large expression of MMPs plead in favor of a major role of these enzymes in breast carcinoma progression and their detection may be used in some cases as a prognostic indicator. Studies now are in progress, directed toward the modulation of these MMPs and their inhibitors with new therapeutic agents to block tumoral invasion and metastasis due to these enzymes.
Diabetes in school: A study of teachers' knowledge and information sources

This study was designed to investigate teachers' knowledge and sources of information about diabetes and the benefits of diabetes nurse specialists to teaching staff. Of a sample of secondary school teachers in Birmingham, only one third were found to have an adequate overall knowledge of diabetes. Just over one quarter were unaware that a pupil with whom they had contact had diabetes. The report offers suggestions for improvements using a multi-team approach.