Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESTAURANT RESERVATION MANAGEMENT CONSIDERING TABLE COMBINATION

This paper presents a case study of table reservation practice for restaurant business within Walt Disney World. A unique feature here is to consider table combination to capture revenue potentials from different party sizes and at different time periods. For example, a party of large size can be served by combining two or more small tables. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is developed to make the reservation recommendation. We propose a rolling horizon reservation policy such that the value of a particular table is periodically evaluated and updated. This is a typical revenue management method in the airlines and other industries, the essence of which is to compare the future expected revenue with a currently offered price. Using historical data, numerical test shows a significant revenue improvement potential from our proposed model.
Testing for marginal asymmetry of weakly dependent processes

This article addresses the issue of testing for asymmetry of the marginal law of weakly dependent processes. A modified quantile-based symmetry test is considered. The test has an intuitive interpretation, it is easy and fast to calculate, follows a standard limiting distribution, and much importantly, it is robust against weak dependence of observations and outliers. The finite sample performance of the robust test is examined via Monte Carlo experiments. An empirical application using economic indicators is provided as well.
Knowledge Triangle Configurations at Three Swedish Universities

The concept of a knowledge triangle, i.e., the principle of strengthening the linkages between research, education and innovation, has emerged as a result of policymakers’ expectations that universities to assume broader social responsibility. Yet, little is known about how these tasks and their interactions are orchestrated at universities. We explore how they are manifested in the organisation and strategy of three different Swedish universities, and how these manifestations are shaped by the policy landscape. The article highlights that although the knowledge triangle remains a priority, explicit national policies are lacking, with the responsibility of integration falling upon universities themselves. We observe great diversity in how the principles of knowledge production are implemented at the universities, e.g., through individuals’ interpretations and attitudes, and through management strategies and incentive schemes. The three tasks have largely been handled separately, with weak coordination and generally limited ambition demonstrated by university management teams to forge new combinations of remits. At the individual and group levels, we observe weak task articulation, although some role models serve as inspiration. Tensions emerge as the responsibilities of operationalising the knowledge triangle falls on individuals who sometimes lack the appropriate mandate and resources. These findings raise questions for further research and implications for policy and university management.
Complex health interventions in complex systems: improving the process and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for real transformation, recognising that health goes beyond survival to include human rights, equity and the empowerment of vulnerable populations, including women and children.1 This Agenda demands strategies to address the underlying causes of ill health and inequity to achieve sustained improvements in health by ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. Within this context, governments and programmes struggle to make evidence-informed decisions to achieve these ambitious goals, while embracing these values. Current processes for developing evidence-informed guidance in public health encompass scoping and formulation of key questions; evidence retrieval, synthesis and appraisal; and the formulation of recommendations. These methods were originally conceived for clinical interventions as part of the evidence-based medicine movement.2 In public health these processes are applied to a broad range of health interventions implemented across varied health systems and contexts where a myriad of factors act both directly and indirectly to impact health and broader societal outcomes. Importantly, policy-makers pose questions beyond those of efficacy and safety and need guidance on the best ways to deliver interventions. Thus developers of evidence-informed guidance often apply processes and methods designed originally for assessing the comparative effectiveness of clinical interventions that are ill-adapted to formulating recommendations on highly context-dependent public health and health system interventions. A core function of World Health Organization (WHO) is to develop guidelines that set forth recommendations designed to support policy-makers and programme managers, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, in making informed decisions about clinical practice or public health issues. WHO follows a transparent and rigorous process for developing evidence-informed guidelines.3 However, this process currently does not give adequate consideration to relevant aspects of complexity in health interventions or to interventions delivered in complex systems where outcomes occur at the …
Biological effects of gamma-ray bursts: distances for severe damage on the biota

In this paper we present a unified, quantitative synthesis of analytical and numerical calculations of the effects that could be caused on Earth by a gamma-ray burst (GRB), considering atmospheric and biological implications. The main consequences of the illumination by a GRB are grouped into four distinct classes and analysed separately, namely: direct γ flash, UV flash, O3 layer depletion and cosmic rays. The effectiveness of each of these classes is compared and distances for significant biological damage are given for each one. We find that the first three effects have the potential to cause global environmental changes and biospheric damage, even if the source is located at galactic distances or even farther afield (up to 150 kpc, where 1 parsec=3.09×1016 m, about five times the Galactic diameter of 30 kpc). Instead, cosmic rays would only be a serious threat for close sources (of the order of a few parsecs). As a concrete application from a well-recorded event, the effects on the biosphere of an event identical to the giant flare of SGR1806-20 on 27 December 2004 have been calculated. In spite of not belonging to the so-called ‘classical’ GRBs, most of the parameters of this recent flare are quite well known and have been used as a calibration for our study. We find that a giant flare impinging on Earth is not a threat for life in all practical situations, mainly because it is not as energetic, in spite of being much more frequent than GRBs, unless the source happens to be extremely close.
Automatic Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based on Wikipedia

Most traditional Word Sense Disambiguation(WSD) method is just based on contextual information, often results in inaccurate output.A multi-level unsupervised automatic WSD method which works efficiently is promoted.This method utilizes the rich semantic information extracted from online Wikipedia, makes a linear fusion of contextual information, background knowledge and semantic information, uses logistic regression algorithm to learn the weight of each feature, and selects the one with the maximum combined value as correct meaning.Experimental result on SENSEVAL dataset shows an average precision of 85.50%, therefore validates the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
Human visual perception‐based localized backlight scaling method for high dynamic range LCDs

This paper presents a backlight control algorithm for liquid crystal display devices, which considers the human visual properties that we are usually attracted to the saliencies in a scene. The saliency means regions or objects that have different contrast or color from the surrounding, and thus attract our attention, which can be measured in various ways from each pixel value and its relation with the surrounding ones. Hence, by keeping or boosting the backlight of salient regions while suppressing in others, the quality of salient regions and overall contrast are enhanced. In addition, power can be saved by backlight dimming in non‐salient regions, without loss of overall quality in terms of human visual perception. In this backlight control process, the amount of energy consumption is regulated so that the proposed method consumes less than or equal energy as before, by developing a power management algorithm based on the bit rate control strategies of MPEG2 video encoders. Precisely, the energy consumption in each backlight unit is controlled by a parameter, so that the sum of energies of overall backlight units is kept within a limit.
Is the permeability of naturally fractured rocks scale dependent?

The equivalent permeability, keq of stratified fractured porous rocks and its anisotropy is important for hydrocarbon reservoir engineering, groundwater hydrology, and subsurface contaminant transport. However, it is difficult to constrain this tensor property as it is strongly influenced by infrequent large fractures. Boreholes miss them and their directional sampling bias affects the collected geostatistical data. Samples taken at any scale smaller than that of interest truncate distributions and this bias leads to an incorrect characterization and property upscaling. To better understand this sampling problem, we have investigated a collection of outcrop‐data‐based Discrete Fracture and Matrix (DFM) models with mechanically constrained fracture aperture distributions, trying to establish a useful Representative Elementary Volume (REV). Finite‐element analysis and flow‐based upscaling have been used to determine keq eigenvalues and anisotropy. While our results indicate a convergence toward a scale‐invariant keq REV with increasing sample size, keq magnitude can have multi‐modal distributions. REV size relates to the length of dilated fracture segments as opposed to overall fracture length. Tensor orientation and degree of anisotropy also converge with sample size. However, the REV for keq anisotropy is larger than that for keq magnitude. Across scales, tensor orientation varies spatially, reflecting inhomogeneity of the fracture patterns. Inhomogeneity is particularly pronounced where the ambient stress selectively activates late‐ as opposed to early (through‐going) fractures. While we cannot detect any increase of keq with sample size as postulated in some earlier studies, our results highlight a strong keq anisotropy that influences scale dependence.
Frequency data from corpora partially explain native-speaker ratings and choices in overabundant paradigm cells

Abstract If we can operationalize corpus frequency in multiple ways, using absolute values and proportional values, which of them is more closely connected with the behaviour of language users? In this contribution, we examine overabundant cells in morphological paradigms, and look at the contribution that frequency of occurrence can make to understanding the choices speakers make due to this richness. We look at ways of operationalizing the term frequency in data from corpora and native speakers: the proportional frequency of forms (i. e. percentage of time that a variant is found in corpus data considered as a proportion of all variants) and several interpretations of absolute frequency (i. e. the raw frequency of variants in data from the same corpus). Working with data from unmotivated morphological variation in Czech case forms, we show that different instantiations of frequency help interpret the way variation is perceived and maintained by native speakers. Proportional frequency seems most salient for speakers in forming their judgements, while certain types of absolute frequency seem to have a dominant role in production tasks.
Agriculturas e agricultura familiar no Brasil: uma revisão de literatura

O presente artigo apresenta como objetivo geral elaborar uma revisão de literatura referente ao tema da agricultura, seu surgimento e evolução histórica no mundo, bem como, discutir os vários significados da agricultura familiar e sua importância para a produção e abastecimento brasileiro, à luz das teorias acadêmicas e dos investimentos governamentais, a partir da década de 1990. A metodologia empregada consistiu de levantamento bibliográfico. A pesquisa evidenciou que a agricultura familiar, apresenta uma diversidade de classificação, bem como ideias pré-concebidas, associando à produção de baixa renda, precária ou de subsistência, porém suas principais características residem na gestão da propriedade compartilhada pela família, atividade agropecuária como principal fonte geradora de renda e uma relação particular mantida pelo agricultor familiar com a terra, seu local de trabalho e moradia. Os dados mostraram que mais de 70% dos alimentos, que abastecem a população brasileira, advém da agricultura familiar, sendo que metade dos estabelecimentos familiares, concentram-se na região Nordeste. Nesse cenário, destacam-se os programas governamentais voltados a esse público, principalmente os financiamentos das atividades produtivas.
Accessing multiversion data in database transactions

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto. fi Author Tuukka Haapasalo Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted 15th June 2010 Manuscript revised 21st September 2010 Date of the defence 22nd October 2010 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences Department Department of Computer Science and Engineering Field of research Software Systems Opponent(s) Prof. Peter Widmayer Supervisor Prof. Eljas Soisalon-Soininen Instructor Prof. Seppo Sippu
The Warnke Method and Difficulties in Learning

In spite of a normal, sometimes high, intelligence many of the children going to school have serious problems in learning some subject connected with engineering education, especially mathematics. Quite often the reason for this are disturbances called dyslexia and dyscalculia and it has been shown that there is a connection between problems in learning and the basic functions concerning time and frequency resolution in hearing, seeing and motor skills. The method of Warnke is one of important tools to diminish those problems. A special fourmonth-period of training can improve significantly the skills of reading, writing and calculating. The main item of the method are devices called: Brain-Boy Universal Professional, Brain-Boy Universal, Audio-Video-Trainer, Lateral-Trainer Professional. Children can improve seven basic functions by playing special games using the first two devices. Moreover, Audio-Video-Trainer and Lateral-Trainer Professional allows to develop coordination of hemispheres (corpus callosum), which is often impaired in function in case of dyslexia and dyscalculia and thus disturbances in the coordination and synchronization of the functions of the hemispheres arise. Warnke method training can not only improve the central processing of perceptions, but also may cause a significant transfer to reading, writing and calculating skills. The method can be used in general prevention against dyslexia and dyscalculia.
Implementing Programming Languages. an Introduction to Compilers and Interpreters

Implementing a programming language means bridging the gap from the programmer's high-level thinking to the machine's zeros and ones. If this is done in an efficient and reliable way, programmers can concentrate on the actual problems they have to solve, rather than on the details of machines. But understanding the whole chain from languages to machines is still an essential part of the training of any serious programmer. It will result in a more competent programmer, who will moreover be able to develop new languages. A new language is often the best way to solve a problem, and less difficult than it may sound. This book follows a theory-based practical approach, where theoretical models serve as blueprint for actual coding. The reader is guided to build compilers and interpreters in a well-understood and scalable way. The solutions are moreover portable to different implementation languages. Much of the actual code is automatically generated from a grammar of the language, by using the BNF Converter tool. The rest can be written in Haskell or Java, for which the book gives detailed guidance, but with some adaptation also in C, C++, C#, or OCaml, which are supported by the BNF Converter. The main focus of the book is on standard imperative and functional languages: a subset of C++ and a subset of Haskell are the source languages, and Java Virtual Machine is the main target. Simple Intel x86 native code compilation is shown to complete the chain from language to machine. The last chapter leaves the standard paths and explores the space of language design ranging from minimal Turing-complete languages to human-computer interaction in natural language.
Emphasizing Diversity through 3D Multi-User Virtual Worlds

Today’s learner benefits from a myriad of educational opportunities. In rapidly increasing numbers, courses and degree programs are no longer limited to students by distance or time. Online learning is becoming more prevalent as students in academic institutions around the world request this option due to geographical constraints, the need for greater schedule flexibility, and demands placed on the new knowledge workforce that requires lifelong learning. The Internet has provided a transformational highway for distance learning. Access to information and communication technologies in education has gradually advanced as more schools and universities acquire the technology needed, particularly broadband capability. Online course enrollments around the world continue to increase. Countries with the highest use of the Internet for educational activities in 2006 included Finland with over 30% of its population, ABSTRACT
ALT cancer cells are specifically sensitive to lysine acetyl transferase inhibition

Some cancer cells elongate their telomeres through the ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) pathway, which is based on homologous recombination for the addition of telomere repeats without telomerase activity. General control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) and P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), two homologous lysine acetyltransferases, exert opposite effects on the ALT pathway, inhibiting or favoring it respectively. Here we show that ALT cells are particularly sensitive to the inhibition of acetyltransferases activities using Anacardic Acid (AA). AA treatment recapitulates the effect of PCAF knockdown on several ALT features, suggesting that AA decreased the ALT mechanism through the inhibition of lysine transferase activity of PCAF, but not that of GCN5. Furthermore, AA specifically sensitizes human ALT cells to radiation as compared to telomerase-positive cells suggesting that the inhibition of lysine acetyltransferases activity may be used to increase the radiotherapy efficiency against ALT cancers.
Different implementations in Java of a nested loop and their proofs

In this technical report, we prove the correctness of different implementations of a given specification. This way, we show that using internal iterators dramatically shortens the length of a proof of correctness, and thus the complexity of the code. A remarkable outcome is that introducing a helper method no longer shortens the proof when internal iterators are used, but makes it longer.
Tag Identification Protocols in RFID Systems

Fast and reliable identification of multiple objects that are present at the same time is very important in many applications. A very promising technology for this purpose is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which is fast pervading many application fields, like public transportation and ticketing, access control, production control, animal identification, and localization of objects and people. The problem approached in this chapter is the tag identification in RFID systems. This problem occurs when several tags try to answer at the same time to a reader query. If more than one tag answers, their messages will collide on the RF communication channel, and the reader cannot identify these tags. There are two families of protocols for approaching the tag collision problem: a family of probabilistic protocols, and a family of deterministic ones. In this chapter, the authors give an overview of the most important approaches and trends for tag identification in RFID systems and provide the results of a deep comparison of the presented tag identification protocols in terms of complexity and performance.
Genome-wide association mapping of grain yield in a diverse collection of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) evaluated in southern Australia

Wheat landraces, wild relatives and other ‘exotic’ accessions are important sources of new favorable alleles. The use of those exotic alleles is facilitated by having access to information on the association of specific genomic regions with desirable traits. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a wheat panel that includes landraces, synthetic hexaploids and other exotic wheat accessions to identify loci that contribute to increases in grain yield in southern Australia. The 568 accessions were grown in the field during the 2014 and 2015 seasons and measured for plant height, maturity, spike length, spike number, grain yield, plant biomass, HI and TGW. We used the 90K SNP array and two GWAS approaches (GAPIT and QTCAT) to identify loci associated with the different traits. We identified 17 loci with GAPIT and 25 with QTCAT. Ten of these loci were associated with known genes that are routinely employed in marker assisted selection such as Ppd-D1 for maturity and Rht-D1 for plant height and seven of those were detected with both methods. We identified one locus for yield per se in 2014 on chromosome 6B with QTCAT and three in 2015, on chromosomes 4B and 5A with GAPIT and 6B with QTCAT. The 6B loci corresponded to the same region in both years. The favorable haplotypes for yield at the 5A and 6B loci are widespread in Australian accessions with 112 out of 153 carrying the favorable haplotype at the 5A locus and 136 out of 146 carrying the favorable haplotype at the 6A locus, while the favorable haplotype at 4B is only present in 65 out of 149 Australian accessions. The low number of yield QTL in our study corroborate with other GWAS for yield in wheat, where most of the identified loci have very small effects.
Brazilian Thesis: A Look for Training of the Early Years Teachers in Multiplicative Field

This article is an excerpt from the preliminary analysis of doctoral thesis in mathematics education. Our objective was a synthesis of Brazilian research dealing with the training of teachers in the early years regarding Multiplicative field the period 1996-2013 . For its realization a search was made on site National Library of Theses and Dissertations, by the keywords taken from our research goal . Selected twenty-nine research, in which we analyze their similarities and differences. The theoretical framework used by research on the formative aspects were based on the Professional Teaching Knowledge and action aspects of reflection. As to the theoretical mathematical object were identified that affect the development of the Multiplicative field. In our analyzes we perceive aspects: reflection on practice , the need to deepen the mathematical object and contributions by teachers for further training .