Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-performance 3 V “water in salt” aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors based on VN nanowire electrodes

Aqueous supercapacitors had recently received widespread attention due to their eco-safety, cost-efficiency, environmental friendliness, and ease of handling. However, being limited by the voltage of decomposition of water, the operating voltage of aqueous supercapacitors is usually 2 V, which mostly impedes the improvement of energy density (E = 0.5 CV2). In the present study, we illustrate that a VN nanowires@carbon cloth (VN-NWs@CC) electrode possesses a wide potential stability window of −1.4–0.7 V in a high concentration “water in salt” aqueous electrolyte, which can be attributed to the redox reactions occurring at low potentials, delaying the process of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor, based on a VN-NWs@CC negative electrode and MnO2 nanosheet positive electrode, can obtain a high operating voltage of 3 V. Moreover, the 3 V MnO2@CC//VN-NWs@CC asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a large energy density of up to 61.5 W h kg−1 with excellent cycling stability, outperforming previously reported VN-based supercapacitors. This work provides the possible chance for providing high operating voltage for aqueous supercapacitors, comparable even with those of batteries.
Arterial Blood Gas

Blood gas analysis is a commonly used diagnostic tool to evaluate the partial pressures of gas in blood as well as acid-base content. Understanding and use of blood gas analysis enables providers to interpret respiratory, circulatory and metabolic disorders. A "blood gas analysis" can be performed on blood obtained from anywhere in the circulatory system (artery, vein, or capillary). An arterial blood gas (ABG) specifically tests blood taken from an artery. Arterial blood gas analysis assesses a patient’s partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), providing information on the oxygenation status; the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), providing information on the ventilation status (chronic or acute respiratory failure, and is changed by hyperventilation (rapid or deep breathing) and hypoventilation (slow or shallow breathing); and acid-base status. Although oxygenation and ventilation can be assessed non-invasively via pulse oximetry and end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, respectively, blood gas analysis is the standard. When assessing the acid-base balance, most ABG analyzers measure the pH and PaCo2 directly and through a derivative of the Hasselbach equation calculate the serum bicarbonate (HCO3) and base deficit or excess. The calculation frequently results in a discrepancy from the measured; this may be from CO2 in blood that is not accounted for by the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. The measured HCO3 uses a strong alkali that liberates all CO2 in serum, including dissolved CO2, carbamino compounds, and carbonic acid. The calculation only accounts for dissolved CO2; this measurement using a standard chemistry analysis will likely be called a "total CO2". For that reason, the difference will amount to around 1.2 mmol/L. However, a larger difference may be seen on the ABG, compared to measured value, especially in critically ill patients. The calculation has been disputed as both accurate and inaccurate based on the study, machine or calibration used, and must be interpreted appropriately based on your institutional standards. Arterial blood gases are frequently ordered by emergency medicine, intensivist, anesthesiology and pulmonology physicians, but may also be needed in other clinical settings. There are many diseases that are evaluated using an ABG which include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe sepsis, septic shock, hypovolemic shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal tubular acidosis, acute respiratory failure, heart failure, cardiac arrest, asthma and inborn errors of metabolism.
Regional Variation in Attitude of Mental Health Professionals Towards Tackling Illicit Drug-use and Drug-related Disorders

This study sought to assess the attitudes of Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) towards tackling illicit drug use and drug-related disorders in Nigeria and to explore regional variations in attitude. Based on the validated Substance Abuse Attitude Survey (SAAS), a quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in a randomized sample of 292 MHPs practicing in neuropsychiatric hospitals and mental health departments of teaching hospitals from four geopolitical zones of Nigeria. A response rate of 81.1% was achieved. MHPs tended towards non-permissive, moralistic and stereotypic spectrum and exhibited distinctly defined attitude towards their professional role. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis established significant regional variation in the attitude of multidisciplinary MHPs, H (3)=18.727, p < . 0001 reflecting a stochastic domination across the region; therefore a step-down follow-up analysis was conducted. This analysis revealed that the distribution of attitude total-score varies significantly between the South-south and the Southwestern region ( p < .0001), the northeastern and southwestern region of the country ( p < .028). A holistic approach towards standardization of drug treatment and care that takes into consideration possible regional variation in attitudes of MHPs should be implemented to foster the reintegration and rehabilitation of drug-using populations into the mainstream society.
Can a Modified Latency-to-Lie Test be Used to Validate Gait-Scoring Results in Commercial Broiler Flocks?

Bodily contact with water is a novel and aversive experience for broiler chickens, and this has been used when designing the Latency to Lie (LTL) test. The original testing procedure, in which the birds are tested in groups, involves a certain settling period, which makes the test time-consuming to carry out on commercial broiler farms. Our modifications of the LTL test for on-farm use mean that a) the birds are tested individually without visual contact with other birds; and b) the water tub is already filled with water when the birds are placed in it. The results from the LTL tests can then be compared with the scores achieved for each individual bird on the commonly used ‘gait scoring’ procedure. At 14 farms participating in a larger survey, we used three birds of each gait score from 0 to 4 (when available) for LTL testing. The time spent standing before making the first attempt to lie down was recorded. The results show a clear negative correlation (r = -0.86, P < 0.001) between time spent standing and gait score. The mean LTL values for the different gait scores were all significantly (P < 0.01) different. There was no significant difference in LTL results between flocks. The method described appears to be well suited for on-farm use. If further developed, it could become a useful tool in monitoring programmes for the ongoing efforts aiming at decreasing the levels of leg weakness in modern broiler production.
Implementation in nursing and midwifery. A scoping review / Implementationsprojekte in der Pflege und Hebammenarbeit. Scoping review

Abstract Background Evidence-based expertise in nursing and midwifery is growing but is not automatically turned into practice. The importance of implementation research is therefore increasing. International research results on factors facilitating implementation have not yet been sufficiently presented. Objective This scoping review will explore the findings on successful preparation, realisation and maintenance of interventions in nursing and midwifery. Method Based on an existing systematic approach, relevant data bases were accessed to identify original studies relating to implementation research in nursing and midwifery. The process of study selection and the characteristics of the included studies were charted. Findings In the four reviews and 38 studies which met the inclusion criteria, various factors leading to successful implementation are identified. Based on the included studies, four facilitating factors can be pinpointed: (1) workplace culture (16 entries), (2) leadership culture (28 entries), (3) resources (4 entries), and (4) training (22 entries). Depending on the specific phase of the implementation process (preparation, realisation, or maintenance), these factors will vary in importance. Conclusion This scoping review provides an orientation for the field of implementation research and it maps the design, themes and results of the studies included. It should be noted that few studies take into consideration the relevant theories, as well as the influence that the researchers and the target group may have on the implementation process, or provide an exact description of the setting in which the implementation takes place.
Gonadosomatic index infers the breeding season of the House Crow Corvus splendens in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

The House Crow Corvus splendens is native to the Indian subcontinent but also has a broad invasive range which includes the coast of East Africa. House Crows (HC and HCs throughout this paper) were introduced in Zanzibar in the 1890s from where they later spread to mainland Tanzania. Their negative socioeconomic and ecological impacts have necessitated the instigation of population control programmes using avicides and trapping. Although knowledge on the reproductive biology of HCs, in particular the breeding status, is important for successful control programmes, little is known about it in Dar es Salaam. To establish the HC breeding status, a total of 83 female and 100 male birds were collected from August 2013 to July 2014 from traps operated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism population control programme. All birds were euthanized, dissected, and sex determined by gonad examination. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) was determined as the ratio of gonad weight upon total body weight. The GSI, which is an index of gonad development relative to the bird’s sexual maturation, peaked from October to December suggesting that this period is the main breeding season. The HC population control could be intensified during the onset of gonad development when the demand for resources is high. Keywords: breeding season, gonadosomatic index, House Crow, Dar es Salaam
A Time and Energy Saving-Based Frame Adjustment Strategy (TES-FAS) Tag Identification Algorithm for UHF RFID Systems

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is widely applied in massive items tagged domains. Existing medium access control (MAC) solutions primarily focus on improving slot efficiency or reducing the total number of slots. However, with pervasive applications of RFID, the time and energy consumption are increasingly important and should be considered in the new design. In this paper, we re-exam the problem of tag identification in UHF RFID system from the perspective of time and energy consumption. The presented work comprehensively reviews and analyzes the prior tag reading protocols. Based on prior art, we further discuss a novel design of tag reading algorithm to improve both time and energy efficiency of EPC C1 Gen2 UHF RFID standard. By exploring the effectiveness of embedding slot-by-slot mechanism in a sub-frame observation phase and combine the sub-frame and slot-by-slot observation in the proposed algorithm, which can achieve more fine-grained frame size adjustment with time and energy-efficiency. Moreover, the cardinality estimation function of the algorithm is implemented by the look-up tables, which allows dramatically reduction in computational complexity and energy consumption. Both simulation results and experiments show clear performance improvement over the commercial solutions.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Non-Diabetic Obese Children and Adolescents Treated with Metformin

Amac: Cocukluk doneminde obezite artan siklikla izlenen onemli bir halk sagligi problemidir. Tip 2 Diyabetes mellitus (T2DM) obezite ve metabolik sendrom ile guclu iliski icindedir. Tip 2 DM ‘nin onlenmesi icin obezite ve insulin direncini hedef alan ilac tedavileri rasyonel bir strateji olarak gorulmektedir.Calismamizin amaci bir yil sure ile metformin tedavisi alan cocuk ve adolesanlarda bu tedavinin uzun donem etkinligini degerlendirmektir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Klinigimizde obezite (VKI>+ 2SDS ) tanisi alan ve insulin direnci olan (OGTT’de total insulin duzeyi >300 mIU/ml ve homa IR >3,4 ) ve diger obezite iliskili komorbiditeleri bulunan, yaslari 10-18 arasi degisen, yasam tarzi degisikligi ile birlikte bir yil sure ile metformin tedavisi alan ve ardindan en az iki yil sure ile takip edilen hastalar dahil edildi. Bulgular: Calismaya 8’ i kiz , ortalama yasi 13,2±2,1 yil olan ve ortalama izlem suresi 3,9±1 yil olan toplam 12 dahil edildi. Baslangicta olgularin vucut kitle indeksi (VKI) 31,2±5,6 kg/m 2 ve VKI-SDS’i 2,7±0,7 iken bir yillik metformin tedavisi ile VKI-SDS’inin 1,9±1 (p:0,04) ‘ e geriledigi, iki yil sure ile metformin tedavisi kesilen olgularin VKI-SDS’ inin 2,1±1,04 (p:0,033)’ e yukseldigi ancak metformin tedavisi oncesi kadar yuksek olmadigi goruldu. Sonuc: Bir yillik metformin tedavisinin obez cocuk ve adolesanlarda VKI-SDS ve Homa-IR degerlerinde duzelme sagladigi, bu duzelmenin tedavi kesiminden sonraki ikinci yilda da azalmakla birlikte devam ettigi saptandi.
Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world. Fourth global report. The WHO / IUATLD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance 2002-2007.

This is the third report of the WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. The two previous reports were published in 1997 and 2001 and included data from 35 and 58 settings respectively. The main conclusions of the two previous reports were that drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) was present in all settings surveyed multi-drug resistance (MDR) was identified in most settings and that good TB control practices were associated with lower or decreasing levels of resistance. The goal of the third report is to expand knowledge of the prevalent patterns of resistance globally and explore trends in resistance over time. This report includes new data from 77 settings or countries collected in the third phase of the project between 1999 and 2002 representing 20% of the global total of new smear-positive TB cases. It includes 39 settings not previously included in the Global Project and reports trends for 46 settings. Data were included if they adhered to the following principles: (1) the sample was representative of all TB cases in the setting under evaluation; (2) new patients were clearly distinguished from those with previous treatment; and (3) optimal laboratory performance was assured and maintained through links with a supranational reference laboratory (SRL). Data were obtained through routine or continuous surveillance of all TB cases (38 settings) or from specific surveys of sampled patients as outlined in approved protocols (39 settings). Data were reported on a standard reporting form either annually or at the completion of the survey. (excerpt)
Genetic Adaptation in New York City Rats

Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) thrive in urban environments by navigating the anthropocentric environment and taking advantage of human resources and by-products. From the human perspective, rats are a chronic problem that causes billions of dollars in damage to agriculture, health and infrastructure. Did genetic adaptation play a role in the spread of rats in cities? To approach this question, we collected whole-genome sequences from 29 brown rats from New York City (NYC) and scanned for genetic signatures of adaptation. We tested for (i) high-frequency, extended haplotypes that could indicate selective sweeps and (ii) loci of extreme genetic differentiation between the NYC sample and a sample from the presumed ancestral range of brown rats in northeast China. We found candidate selective sweeps near or inside genes associated with metabolism, diet, the nervous system and locomotory behavior. Patterns of differentiation between NYC and Chinese rats at putative sweep loci suggests that many sweeps began after the split from the ancestral population. Together, our results suggest several hypotheses on adaptation in rats living in close proximity to humans.
RNA-Sequencing, Connectivity Mapping, and Molecular Docking to Investigate Ligand-Protein Binding for Potential Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Wilms Tumor

Background Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is a malignant pediatric embryonal renal tumor that has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to use bioinformatics data, RNA-sequencing, connectivity mapping, molecular docking, and ligand-protein binding to identify potential targets for drug therapy in Wilms tumor. Material/Methods Wilms tumor and non-tumor samples were obtained from high throughput gene expression databases, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the voom method in the limma package. The overlapping DEGs were obtained from the intersecting drug target genes using the Connectivity Map (CMap) database, and systemsDock was used for molecular docking. Gene databases were searched for gene expression profiles for complementary analysis, analysis of clinical significance, and prognosis analysis to refine the study. Results From 177 cases of Wilms tumor, there were 648 upregulated genes and 342 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the identified DEGs that affected the cell cycle. After obtaining 21 candidate drugs, there were seven overlapping genes with 75 drug target genes and DEGs. Molecular docking results showed that relatively high scores were obtained when retinoic acid and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, alsterpaullone, were docked to the overlapping genes. There were significant standardized mean differences for three overlapping genes, CDK2, MAP4K4, and CRABP2. However, four upregulated overlapping genes, CDK2, MAP4K4, CRABP2, and SIRT1 had no prognostic significance. Conclusions RNA-sequencing, connectivity mapping, and molecular docking to investigate ligand-protein binding identified retinoic acid and alsterpaullone as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Wilms tumor.
Estimating Body Mass through Bone Mineral Density Studies Using Dexa (Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry)

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER II – LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 Bone Morphology . 5 Intertwined Variables . 6 Sex. 6 Ancestry . 7 Nutrition . 9 Exercise . 10 Genetics. 10 Medical Conditions . 11 Body Weight . 11 Athletes and Bone Mass Density . 13 Earlier Methods for Assessing Bone Mineral Density . 13 vi DEXA Technology . 15 Case Studies in Estimation of Body Mass . 19 Applications in Forensic Anthropology . 19 Applications in Athletic Studies . 24 Athletic Comparison Studies . 24 Mirror Studies . 26 Longitudinal Studies . 27 CHAPTER III METHODS AND MATERIALS . 29 The Sample . 29 The DEXA Scanning Method and Analysis . 30 CHAPTER IV – RESULTS . 32 CHAPTER V – DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION . 41 Weight . 41 Height and BMI . 43 Ancestry . 44 Additional Factors Potential Affecting BMD . 46 Nutrition . 46 Year-round Exercise . 47 Effects of Data Collection Methods . 48 Sample Size Issues . 49 vii Forensic Potential of Using DEXA to Estimate Body Mass . 49 Conclusions . 51 APPENDIX A – IRB Exemption Letter . 53
Impact of Computer Games on Mental Health of Students

1 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 2 MSc in Education Curriculum, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran 3 PhD student in Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4 Msc in Environmental Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 5 PhD student of Environmental Education, Department of Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding author: Hossein Meiboudi, Ph.D student in Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: links.state@gmail.com Received: 21 Aug 2014 Accepted: 01 Mar 2016
Suicide and Associated Risk Factors Among College Students

Background: Despite the growing epidemic of suicide among college students, the associated risk factors of suicide have not been properly understood in developing countries. This study estimated the prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt and associated risk factors among college students.Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study from January to May 2016 and invited college students to participate voluntarily in the study. The outcomes of interest were suicide ideation and attempt. The exposures of interest were behavioral risk factors, including having girlfriends/boyfriends, emotional breakdown, illegitimate heterosexual and/or homosexual intercourse, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, and social media.Results: Of 1254 participants, 146 (11.7%) had suicidal ideation during the last year and 63 (5.0%) had attempted suicide at least once in the last year. After adjusting the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for age and sex, suicide ideation was significantly associated with emotional breakdown 2.33 (1.64, 3.31), heterosexual intercourse 2.71 (1.77, 4.15), homosexual intercourse 3.21 (1.97, 5.25), cigarette smoking 4.03 (2.65, 6.11), substance abuse 12.09 (7.97, 18.35), psychiatric disorders 12.48 (7.59, 20.53), no interest in the discipline 2.08 (1.40, 3.07), and despair about the future 2.18 (1.49, 3.19). There was no significant association between suicide ideation and using social media 1.13 (0.65, 1.96). Conclusion: This study provided beneficial information about the association between suicidal ideation and attempted suicide and some behavioral risk factors among college students and emphasized the importance of these modifiable risk factors that if neglected, may severely impair the students' function.
Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the Schirmer II test (ST2) results, tear breakup time (TBUT) findings, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores of pterygium patients under 30 years of age, and to compare the results with pterygium patients aged 30 years and older and healthy controls. Methods: Eighty-four eyes of 60 patients who had primary pterygium and were younger than 30 years of age (Group 1), 79 eyes of 53 patients who had primary pterygium and were 30 years of age and older (Group 2), and 64 eyes of 64 healthy controls (Group 3) were included in the study. The results of ST2 and TBUT tests and the OSDI questionnaire scores were recorded and compared. Results: Group 1 had lower TBUT values compared to Group 2 and the control group (p= 0.03 and p<0.001, respectively). Group 1 had lower ST2 values than the control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the ST2 results between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.08). Group 1 had higher OSDI scores than the control group (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in the OSDI scores between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.7). Conclusion: The results indicated that young patients with pterygium had lower ST2 results, lower TBUT values, and higher OSDI scores compared to the control group, and lower TBUT values compared to older patients with pterygium. Tear film abnormality may be a factor in the pterygium pathogenesis, especially in young patients, and may increase the vulnerability of the ocular surface of young people to environmental factors, leading to pterygium formation.