Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influenza related hospital admissions in children: evidence about the burden keeps growing but the route to policy change remains uncertain

Commentary on the paper by Beard et al (see page 20) Influenza has long been recognised as a disease which affects children; however, it is only fairly recently that the literature on this subject has switched focus from community settings towards the burden of hospitalisations. This issue carries an article by Frank Beard and colleagues which draws attention to the issue in Sydney, Australia and addresses the issue in a quantitative as well as a qualitative way.1 It follows on from, and replicates the methodologies employed by similar pivotal studies in the USA and Hong Kong.2,3 Most experienced commentators would agree that the foundations of our understanding of the burden of influenza in children, are based on data generated by a series of prospective community studies which took place in the 1960s and 1970s in the USA, all of which combined clinical surveillance with attempts at virus isolation and serological studies, to a greater or lesser extent. They are probably too large and too expensive to ever contemplate repeating in the present era. In Tecumseh, Michigan, between 100 and 300 families with at least one child were studied continuously for six years from 1966 to 1971—a period which included the emergence of influenza A/H3N2, the last pandemic virus, in 1968.4 In Seattle, Washington, a similar study took place between 1965 and 1969 and again from 1975 to 1979, involving over 215 families with young children.5 In Houston, Texas, similar observations were made over the period 1976 to 1984, including two influenza B epidemics.6 The findings of these major studies …
YouTube as a source of information on tanning bed use.

ing 3 comorbidities (n=2). Fatigue was the most frequently experienced symptom (n=41; 55%) (Table), followed by pain (n=24; 32%) and itch (n=16; 22%). Forty-six patients experienced at least 1 of the 3 symptoms (62%), while 27 patients reported at least 1 severe symptom (VAS 50 mm) (36%). Most patients with generalized morphea (n=15; 94%) and eosinophilic fasciitis (n=9; 75%) reported fatigue. Pain and itch were experienced most often by patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. Fatigue, itch, and pain were significantly related to a lower disease-related quality of life (r=0.62, r=0.44, and r=0.43, respectively) (P .01). Fatigue and pain, but not itch, were significantly associated with greater selfreported disease severity (r=0.39 and r=0.37, respectively) (P .01). Fatigue was significantly related to a shorter duration since diagnosis of the sclerotic disease (r=0.27) (P .05).
Single‐Dose, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study of ACE‐011 (ActRIIA‐IgG1) in Postmenopausal Women

The effects of ACE‐011 on safety, pharmacokinetics, and bone biomarkers were evaluated in healthy, postmenopausal women. Our data indicate that ACE‐011 results in a sustained increase in biomarkers of bone formation and reduction in markers of bone resorption. The activin type IIA receptor (ActRIIA) is the high‐affinity receptor for activin. ACE‐011 is a dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the human ActRIIA linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1. ACE‐011 binds to activin, preventing activin from binding endogenous receptors. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ACE‐011. Forty‐eight healthy, postmenopausal women were randomized to receive either a single dose of ACE‐011 or placebo and were followed for 4 mo. Dose levels ranged from 0.01 to 3.0 mg/kg intravenously and from 0.03 to 0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously. Safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses and the biological activity of ACE‐011, as assessed by markers of bone turnover, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. AEs were generally mild and transient. The PK of ACE‐011 was linear over the dose range studied, with a mean half‐life of 24–32 days. The absorption after subcutaneous dosing was essentially complete. ACE‐011 caused a rapid and sustained dose‐dependent increase in serum levels of bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) and a dose‐dependent decrease in C‐terminal type 1 collagen telopeptide (CTX) and TRACP‐5b levels. There was also a dose‐dependent decrease in serum FSH levels consistent with inhibition of activin. ACE‐011 is a novel agent with biological evidence of both an increase in bone formation and a decrease in bone resorption. ACE‐011 may be an effective therapy in a variety of diseases involving bone loss.
Utilizando CORBA para distribuir aplicaciones intensivas en cálculo

Actualmente se estan utilizando supercomputadores para resolver problemas intensivos en calculo tales como las previsiones meteorologicas, el aprendizaje de redes neuronales artificiales o incluso aplicaciones ludicas como el ajedrez. El uso de esta tecnologia queda limitado a las grandes corporaciones con medios financieros suficientes como para abordar la adquisicion de tales ordenadores. La distribucion del calculo entre varios ordenadores es una solucion mas barata para aquellos casos en los que la aplicacion es susceptible de ser distribuida. De hecho, es la unica solucion para muchas empresas que no pueden adquirir supercomputadores y que sin embargo soportan aplicaciones que precisan de mucha potencia de calculo (por ejemplo, el analisis de imagenes). En este articulo mostraremos como utilizando un middelware, CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), y una implementacion concreta de este, DST (Distributed Smalltalk), es posible distribuir una aplicacion entre varios ordenadores de una manera elegante y escalable y como el trabajo cooperativo de varios ordenadores disminuye significativamente el tiempo total de computo. Creemos que esta forma de distribucion puede solucionar muchos de los problemas de tiempos de ejecucion con los que se enfrentan actualmente las empresas de desarrollo software
▼Paclitaxel and ▼docetaxel in breast and ovarian cancer

Three years ago we reviewed paclitaxel (Taxol - Bristol-Myers Squibb), the first taxoid cytotoxic drug to be marketed.1 At that time it was licensed for the treatment of women with metastatic ovarian cancer resistant to standard platinum-containing therapy; we concluded that any benefits of paclitaxel were unproven. Since then the licence has been extended to include first-line treatment (in combination with cisplatin) of advanced ovarian cancer and treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the breast in patients who have failed, or are not candidates for, standard anthracycline-containing therapy. A second taxoid, docetaxel (Taxotere - Rhône-Poulenc Rorer) was launched in 1996. It is licensed for the treatment of patients with breast cancer that is locally advanced or metastatic, and which is either resistant to, or has recurred after, cytotoxic therapy, or has relapsed during adjuvant cytotoxic therapy. In each case, the previous cytotoxic therapy should have included an anthracycline drug (such as doxorubicin). Here we review the place of the two taxoids in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer.
Apprenticeship, training and guilds in pre-industrial Europe

"The relationship between apprenticeship and the acquisition of craft skills in preindustrial Europe has recently attracted interest after a long period of neglect. The most ambitious claim, proposed by Larry Epstein, is that the regulation of apprenticeship contracts was the primary reason for the emergence of guilds. At the opposite end of the spectrum are those, such as James Farr, who have argued that apprenticeship was as much about acquiring cultural as technical skills. In this paper, I re-examine the problem of allocating the costs of training supplied through apprenticeship in preindustrial Europe, and their relationship to broader patterns of labour organisation. It has frequently been suggested that apprenticeship contracts structure the distribution of training costs so that masters reclaim the costs they incurred in training and paying apprentices during their early years by giving them below market wages in their later years of service. In such a situation, guilds might be of significant use in enforcing these contracts and preventing opportunism by apprentices and masters. Here I argue that such a situation would be unsustainable given what we know of apprentice’s opportunism and the characteristics of acquiring craft skills. Very high rates of non-completion, often extending beyond 50% of apprentices, can be identified in most places for which we have data; there is little indication that apprentice contracts were successfully enforced. Given this, I argue that the allocation of the costs of training was, indeed must be, successfully dealt with during apprenticeship through a short term accumulation and distribution of costs and benefits between master and apprentice that reduced as far as possible the costs of opportunism by either party at any point in the term of service. This can, I suggest, be related both to the nature of learning tacit skills, and to the imbalance of incentives on masters to teach and on apprentices to learn. The nature of training in apprenticeship was such that it minimised the costs of masters and put the burden of learning on apprentices; evidence from anthropological studies of contemporary apprenticeship can be used to indicate possible interpretations of the very fragmentary data that survives on the actual content of preindustrial apprenticeship. Finally, the reason for guilds to become involved in the control of apprenticeship are discussed. In this regard, I show that although apprenticeship did potentially present a major problem of opportunism, it was not largely dealt with through guild enforcement. There is little evidence of guilds successfully carrying out this role, and little reason to expect them to have been effective at it. "
Adhesion molecules involved in hepoxilin A3‐mediated neutrophil transepithelial migration

A common feature underlying active states of inflammation is the migration of neutrophils (PMNs) from the circulation and across a number of tissue barriers in response to chemoattractant stimuli. Although our group has recently established a discreet role for the PMN chemoattractant, hepoxilin A3 (HXA3) in the process of PMN recruitment, very little is known regarding the interaction of HXA3 with PMNs. To characterize further the event of HXA3‐induced PMN transepithelial migration, we sought to determine the adhesion molecules required for migration across different epithelial surfaces (T84 intestinal and A549 airway cells) relative to two well‐studied PMN chemoattractants, formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Our findings reveal that the adhesion interaction profile of PMN transepithelial migration in response to HXA3 differs from the adhesion interaction profile exhibited by the structurally related eicosanoid LTB4. Furthermore, unique to PMN transepithelial migration induced by gradients of HXA3 was the critical dependency of all four major surface adhesion molecules examined (i.e. CD18, CD47, CD44 and CD55). Our results suggest that the particular chemoattractant gradient imposed, as well as the type of epithelial cell monolayer, each plays a role in determining the adhesion molecules involved in transepithelial migration. Given the complexities of these interactions, our findings are important to consider with respect to adhesion molecules that may be targeted for potential drug development.
1999 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

These immunizations or chemoprophylactic regimens do not target pathogens traditionally classified as opportunistic but should be considered for use in HIV-infected patients as indicated. Data are inadequate concerning clinical benefit of these vaccines in this population, although it is logical to assume that those patients who develop antibody responses will derive some protection. Some authorities are concerned that immunizations might stimulate HIV replication, although for influenza vaccination, a large observational study of HIV-infected persons in clinical care showed no adverse effect of this vaccine, including multiple doses, on patient survival (J. Ward, CDC, personal communication). Hepatitis B vaccine has been recommended for all children, and adolescents and for all adults with risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Rimantadine and amantadine are appropriate during outbreaks of influenza A. Because of the theoretical concern that increases in HIV plasma RNA following vaccination during pregnancy might increase the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV, providers may wish to defer vaccination until after antiretroviral therapy is initiated. For additional information regarding vaccination against hepatitis A and B and vaccination and antiviral therapy against influenza see CDC. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices MMWR CDC. B eliminating transmission the United through childhood Prevention and the FDA-defined legal for The Respirgard I1’" nebulizer is manufactured by Marquest, Englewood, Colorado. Letters and Roman numerals in parentheses after regimens indicate the strength of the recommendations and the quality of evidence supporting it (see Box, page 3).
Tunable non-reciprocal ferrite loaded SIW phase shifter

In this paper a tunable non-reciprocal Ferrite Loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide (FLSIW) phase shifter is proposed. It is based on the non-reciprocal properties of an SIW line loaded with a single ferrite slab on one sidewall where the magnetic field strengths are highest. With the application of an external magnetic bias on the ferrite slab, the propagation constant of the FLSIW is tuned, thereby modifying the phase of the FLSIW section. An X-band non-reciprocal tunable phase shifter prototype is demonstrated. It achieves an insertion loss of better than 2 dB, a return loss of better than 10 dB and allows a phase shifting of 400° at 0.24 T of externally applied magnetic field. As an application of the non-reciprocal phase shifter, an isolator is designed and fabricated, which offers an isolation of 20 dB at 12.5 GHz.
An approach to find an optimum designed SRM for electric vehicle drive

A procedure, which helps developing an optimized construction of a 6/4 type SRM, is described in the paper. A multicriterial optimization procedure and an analytical model arising from a reluctance network method is applied. An influence of non-linear properties of magnetic materials is taken into account. Calculations are performed in the Matlab environment. Obtained constructions, initial and optimized ones, are validated by means of FEM calculations. Simulation results related to a dynamic lumped-parameter model are presented. The proposed approach can be employed when designing the SRM to be a drive motor in an electrical vehicle.
Adaptive Personalized Web Search with Safety Seclusion

The Comprehensive research demonstrations the competence of our framework. We additionally give an online expectation component to choosing whether customizing a query is beneficial. Personalized web search (PWS) has shown its adequacy in enhancing the nature of different inquiry benefits on the Internet. The exploratory results likewise uncover that GreedyIL altogether beats GreedyDP as far as productivity. In any case, confirmations demonstrate that clients' hesitance to unveil their private data amid hunt has turned into a noteworthy boundary for the wide multiplication of PWS. We examine security assurance in PWS applications that model client inclinations as various leveled client profiles. We propose a PWS system called UPS that can adaptively sum up profiles by questions while regarding client indicated security prerequisites. Our runtime speculation goes for striking a harmony between two prescient measurements that assess the utility of personalization and the protection danger of uncovering the summed up profile. We exhibit two avaricious calculations, to be specific GreedyDP and GreedyIL, for runtime speculation.
Hereditary spastic paraplegias: an update

Purpose of reviewHereditary spastic paraplegias are a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases. Recent advances concerning their nosology and molecular bases have greatly improved the genetic diagnosis of these diseases, with implications for genetic counselling. The recent identification of new genes and loci, however, has blurred the distinction between hereditary spastic paraplegias and other entities, such as cerebellar ataxias or leucodystrophies. Cerebral MRI and the familial history of each patient with spastic paraplegia are the minimal clinical elements needed to orient genetic testing. Recent findingsFor SPG4, the gene most frequently involved in hereditary spastic paraplegias, a novel mutational mechanism was described, which allows detection of an increased number of cases. In autosomal recessive forms, mutations in the recently identified SPG11 gene seem to account for a majority of the complex forms of the disease with atrophy of the corpus callosum. In addition, the SACS gene has been implicated in an increasing number of cases of various origins. SummaryGenetic testing is progressively more complex and clinical and other information concerning the phenotype is now crucial for choosing an appropriate genetic testing procedure for each patient.
The Fuzzy Boundaries of Intonation in Maqam : Cognitive and Linguistic Approaches

“Nearly all this variation in context and sound comes from different ways of dividing up the octave and, in virtually every case we know of, dividing it up into no more than twelve tones. Although it has been claimed that Indian and Arab-Persian music uses “microtuning”—scales with intervals much smaller than a semitone—close analysis reveals that their scales also rely on twelve or fewer tones and the others are simply expressive variations, glissandos (continuous slides from one tone to another), and momentary passing tones, similar to the American blues tradition of sliding into a note for emotional purposes. ” (Daniel Levitin, This is Your Brain on Music, New York: Plume, 2006. p. 39)
Poster : Flow Inspection Scheduling for Cyber Security on Software-Defined Networks

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging network technology that decouples the control plane from the data plane. Using SDN, a fine-grained flow-level inspection for cyber security can be performed by capturing suspicious packets on the network and steering the captured traffic to a traffic analyzer. This work proposes a flow inspection scheduling for various types of traffic flows on SDNs in order to enhance the traffic inspection performance when the inspection capability of traffic analyzer is limited. It performs continuous traffic sampling for suspicious traffic and newly generated traffic while normal flows are probabilistically sampled. The performance of the flow inspection scheduling scheme was evaluated through SDN testbed experiments.
Influence of endogenous opiates and cardiac afferents on renal nerve activity during haemorrhage in conscious rabbits.

1. We investigated the effects of the opiate antagonist naloxone on changes in renal nerve activity and the renal sympathetic baroreflex during haemorrhage and whether they could be mimicked by blocking afferent input from cardiac receptors. 2. Renal nerve activity, arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in conscious rabbits during blood loss of either 18 or 34‐40% of the blood volume. The renal sympathetic baroreflex was elicited by perivascular balloon‐induced changes in arterial pressure, before and at the end of haemorrhage. The experiment was repeated during intravenous naloxone infusion (4 mg kg‐1, then 0.12 mg kg‐1 min‐1), and after blocking afferent input from cardiac receptors (5% intra‐pericardial procaine). 3. Moderate haemorrhage elicited a rise in renal nerve activity and modest inhibition of the range of the renal sympathetic baroreflex. Severe haemorrhage triggered an abrupt fall in nerve activity and arterial pressure which was accompanied by strong inhibition of the baroreflex range and other curve parameters. There were minimal changes in the baroreceptor‐heart rate reflex. 4. Intravenous naloxone and pericardial procaine prevented the falls in renal nerve activity and pressure triggered by severe blood loss but did not affect the increase in activity elicited by moderate haemorrhage. Both drugs produced similar enhancement of the normovolaemic renal sympathetic baroreflex. Naloxone prevented the baroreflex inhibition elicited by both levels of haemorrhage while pericardial procaine prevented most (but not all) of the baroreflex inhibition seen during severe haemorrhage without affecting that found during moderate haemorrhage. 5. We conclude that cardiac receptors (probably ventricular baroreceptors) but not arterial baroreceptors have an opiate synapse on their reflex pathways to the renal nerve. A major part of the action of naloxone during haemorrhage can be explained by blockade of this type of synapse on baroreflex pathways to renal and probably other sympathetic vasoconstrictors. The presence of procaine‐resistant but naloxone‐sensitive effects during haemorrhage suggests a role for extra‐cardiac baroreceptors with opioid central nervous connections.
Role of nitric oxide in maintaining vascular integrity in endotoxin‐induced acute intestinal damage in the rat

1 The role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in maintaining intestinal vascular integrity following acute endotoxin (E. coli. lipopolysaccharide) challenge was investigated in the anaesthetized rat by use of NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA), a selective inhibitor of NO synthesis. 2 l‐NMMA (10–50 mg kg−1, i.v.) pretreatment enhanced both the macroscopic and histological intestinal damage and the increases in vascular permeability, measured as the leakage of [125I]‐labelled human serum albumen, induced after 15 min by endotoxin (50 mg kg−1, i.v.). 3 The effects of l‐NMMA (50 mg kg−1, i.v.) were enantiomer specific, as d‐NMMA had no effect. Furthermore, these effects were reversed by l‐arginine (300 mg kg−1, i.v.), the precursor of NO synthesis but not by d‐arginine (300 mg kg−1, i.v.). 4 l‐NMMA (10–50 mg kg−1, i.v.) increased mean systemic arterial blood pressure but this does not appear to be the mechanism by which endotoxin‐induced intestinal damage was enhanced, since similar systemic pressor responses induced by phenylephrine (10 μg kg−1 min−1, i.v.), had no such effect. 5 The results suggest that synthesis of NO from l‐arginine has a role in maintaining the microvascular integrity of the intestinal mucosa following acute endotoxin challenge.
The Rolex and the Hourglass: a Simplified Circadian Clock in Prochlorococcus?

Many cyanobacteria have a sophisticated circadian clock based on an elegant biochemical system requiring only three protein components: KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC (2). However, genome sequencing has revealed that the most abundant cyanobacterium of all, the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus, possesses KaiB and KaiC but lacks KaiA (9). In this issue, Axmann et al. show that the Prochlorococcus KaiC protein in vitro possesses an enzymatic activity suggesting that it could be a functioning component of a timing mechanism (1). Those authors also provide convincing evidence that Prochlorococcus once had KaiA but lost it relatively recently. They suggest that compensating mutations of KaiC allow the KaiBC system to retain some timing function in the absence of KaiA. Prochlorococcus appears not to have a robust circadian clock, but it may have a timing mechanism that runs for one diurnal cycle (4). Axmann et al. suggest that KaiB and KaiC form the basis for this simplified clock in Prochlorococcus (1). Their study raises fascinating questions about the function, origins, and evolution of a circadian clock in cyanobacteria and other phototrophs.