Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pattern of Underlying Cause of Death in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in England: A Record Linkage Study

Background and Aims Numerous studies have established that mortality risk in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients is higher than in the general population, but the causes of death have seldom been examined. We aimed to describe causes of death in IBD. Methods A matched cohort study using UK general practice data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to death registration records. We described the distribution of causes of death among IBD patients by age at death and time since IBD diagnosis. We estimated age-specific mortality rates and hazard ratios of death in multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results 20293 IBD patients were matched to 83261 non IBD patients. The mortality rate was 40% higher in IBD patients [2005 deaths] than in non IBD patients [6024 deaths] (adjusted overall hazard ratio: = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: = 1.4-1.5], with greater risk of death in Crohn's disease [hazard ratio: = 1.6, 1.5-1.7] than in ulcerative colitis [1.3, 1.3-1.4]. Causes attributable to IBD constituted 3.7% of all deaths in ulcerative colitis and 8.3% in Crohn's disease. Among IBD patients, death was less likely to be due to circulatory, respiratory or neoplastic diseases than among non IBD patients. In both IBD and non IBD patients all these causes became more clinically important with advancing age, with the commonest neoplastic cause of death being lung cancer rather than gastrointestinal cancers. Conclusions IBD patients have an additional risk of death. Most IBD patients die of circulatory or respiratory causes, and the contribution to mortality from long-term complications of IBD is clinically less important.
Comparative anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of terpenoids and an aqueous extract obtained from Croton cajucara Benth

The 19-nor-clerodane trans-crotonin (CTN) and the triterpene acetyl aleuritolic acid (AAA), isolated from the stem bark of Croton cajucara Benth (Euphorbiaceae), a traditional medicinal plant from Amazon region of Brazil, as well as the aqueous extract (AE) from its stem bark, were submitted to pharmacological screening for anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in animal models. The oral administration of AAA (50 mg/kg), CTN (50 mg/kg) or AE (300 mg/kg) inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The AE, CTN and AAA had shown significant inhibition of carrageenin-induced edema in rats, in all time intervals measured after the injection of the stimulus, with the greatest inhibition at the first hour for AAA (47.7%) and the second hour for CTN (54.4%). They have also exhibited significant inhibition in the dextran-induced edema 90 minutes after the stimulus: 31.9% for CTN and 28.5% for AAA. In the histamine-induced edema, the inhibition showed by CTN and AAA were 43.2% and 40.5%, respectively, 90 minutes after the injection of stimulus. This study extends and supports the popular medicine and folkloric uses of Croton cajucara in the Amazon region of Brazil.
Uterine Fibroids: Burden and Unmet Medical Need

Abstract Uterine fibroids affect a wide cross-section of the population, with prevalence, symptom severity, and overall disease burden generally higher among black women, likely due to both genetic and environmental factors. Potential symptoms of uterine fibroids include painful and excessive uterine bleeding, interference with everyday life and self-image, and impaired fertility. Because of the high estimated prevalence and costs associated with treatments, the direct and indirect costs of uterine fibroids are substantial for both the health care system and the individual patient. Special patient populations—such as black women, women seeking to retain fertility, and women with asymptomatic fibroids—have particular treatment needs that require a variety of diagnostic methods and treatment options. Despite the widespread occurrence of uterine fibroids and newer treatment options, little high-quality data are available to formulate evidence-based guidelines that address these unmet patient needs. Specific areas in need of attention include improving diagnostic techniques, increasing patient access to early treatment, and identifying best practices for this diverse patient population.
Reported eye care utilization and health insurance status among US adults.

OBJECTIVES To estimate prevalence and correlates of eye care utilization by means of data from the National Health Interview Survey. METHODS Nearly 290,000 adults 18 years or older participated in the survey from 1997 through 2005. Eye care utilization was based on self-reported contact with an eye care professional in the past year. Participants were classified by level of visual impairment based on response to 2 questions. The survey and logistic regression procedures in SAS statistical software were used to compute 1997 through 2005 pooled eye care utilization rates and to identify correlates of utilization. RESULTS Overall eye care utilization rates were 58.3%, 49.6%, and 33.7%, respectively, for participants with severe, some, and no visual impairment; rates for respondents without health insurance were 35.9%, 23.8%, and 14.3%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses completed in racial/ethnic and age category subgroups indicated that no reported visual impairment, lack of health insurance, male sex, and low education were associated with low eye care utilization rates. CONCLUSIONS Interventions designed to increase eye care utilization rates in select sociodemographic subgroups are needed. Overall utilization rates may also be enhanced if progress is made toward dramatically increasing the number of Americans with health insurance.
Utility of I‐124 PET/CT in identifying radioiodine avid lesions in differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Diagnostic I‐123 scans have been shown to underestimate the disease burden in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) when compared to I‐131 post‐treatment scans, especially in children and patients who have had prior radioiodine (RAI) therapy and/or distant metastasis. I‐124 PET/CT has been shown to be highly effective in imaging DTC‐related metastatic disease.
ECCO-ESCP Consensus on Surgery for Crohn's Disease.

Willem A. Bemelman,a Janindra Warusavitarne,b Gianluca M. Sampietro,c Zuzana Serclova,d Oded Zmora,e Gaetano Luglio,f Anthony de Buck van Overstraeten,g John P. Burke,h Christianne J. Buskens,a Francesco Colombo,c Jorge Amil Dias,i Rami Eliakim,j Tomás Elosua,k I. Ethem Gecim,l Sanja Kolacek,m Jaroslaw Kierkus,n Kaija-Leena Kolho,o Jérémie H. Lefevre,p Monica Millan,q Yves Panis,r Thomas Pinkney,s Richard K. Russell,t Chaya Shwaartz,u Carolynne Vaizey,b Nuha Yassin,v André D’Hooreg; on behalf of the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] and the European Society of Colo-Proctology [ESCP]
Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004.

OBJECTIVE To compare US population prevalence estimates for myopia in 1971-1972 and 1999-2004. METHODS The 1971-1972 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provided the earliest nationally representative estimates for US myopia prevalence; myopia was diagnosed by an algorithm using either lensometry, pinhole visual acuity, and presenting visual acuity (for presenting visual acuity > or =20/40) or retinoscopy (for presenting visual acuity < or =20/50). Using a similar method for diagnosing myopia, we examined data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to determine whether myopia prevalence had changed during the 30 years between the 2 surveys. RESULTS Using the 1971-1972 method, the estimated prevalence of myopia in persons aged 12 to 54 years was significantly higher in 1999-2004 than in 1971-1972 (41.6% vs 25.0%, respectively; P < .001). Prevalence estimates were higher in 1999-2004 than in 1971-1972 for black individuals (33.5% vs 13.0%, respectively; P < .001) and white individuals (43.0% vs 26.3%, respectively; P < .001) and for all levels of myopia severity (>-2.0 diopters [D]: 17.5% vs 13.4%, respectively [P < .001]; < or =-2.0 to >-7.9 D: 22.4% vs 11.4%, respectively [P < .001]; < or =-7.9 D: 1.6% vs 0.2%, respectively [P < .001]). CONCLUSIONS When using similar methods for each period, the prevalence of myopia in the United States appears to be substantially higher in 1999-2004 than 30 years earlier. Identifying modifiable risk factors for myopia could lead to the development of cost-effective interventional strategies.
European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation Topical Review on Treatment Withdrawal [‘Exit Strategies’] in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Clinically effective therapies now exist for remission maintenance in both ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's Disease [CD]. For each major class of IBD medications [5-aminosalicyclates, immunomodulators, and biologic agents], used alone or in combination, there is a risk of relapse following reduction or cessation of treatment. A consensus expert panel convened by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] reviewed the published literature and agreed a series of consensus practice points. The objective of the expert consensus is to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice so that physicians can make informed decisions in partnership with their patients. The likelihood of relapse with stopping each class of IBD medication is reviewed. Factors associated with an altered risk of relapse with withdrawal are evaluated, and strategies to monitor and allow early identification of relapse are considered. In general, patients in clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission are more likely to remain well when treatments are stopped. Reintroduction of the same treatment is usually, but not always, successful. The decision to stop a treatment needs to be individualized, and shared decision making with the patient should take place.
Human Drug Metabolism

Human Drug Metabolism, An Introduction, Second Edition provides an accessible introduction to the subject and will be particularly invaluable to those who already have some understanding of the life sciences. Completely revised and updated throughout, the new edition focuses only on essential chemical detail and includes patient case histories to illustrate the clinical consequences of changes in drug metabolism and its impact on patient welfare. After underlining the relationship between efficacy, toxicity and drug concentration, the book then considers how metabolizing systems operate and how they impact upon drug concentration, both under drug pressure and during inhibition. Factors affecting drug metabolism, such as genetic polymorphisms, age and diet are discussed and how metabolism can lead to toxicity is explained. The book concludes with the role of drug metabolism in the commercial development of therapeutic agents as well as the pharmacology of some illicit drugs.
Prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and attempted suicide: a population-based survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil

This study aimed to estimate the lifetime prevalence rates for suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and attempted suicide, based on a cluster sample of 515 residents of Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The Multisite Intervention Study on Suicidal Behavior interview was performed, and lifetime prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Lifetime prevalence rates were 17.1% (95%CI: 12.9-21.2) for suicidal ideation, 4.8% (95%CI: 2.8-6.8) for suicide plans, and 2.8% (95%CI: 0.09-4.6) for attempted suicide. Suicidal behavior was more frequent among women and young adults. The suicide plan/attempt ratio was approximately 5:3. Only one-third of those who attempted suicide contacted a health service following the attempt. Prevalence rates for suicidal behavior were similar to most studies from other countries. Suicide prevention strategies should take data from community-based studies into account.
Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Communities in Soybean and Maize

Abstract Coccinellids provide the most effective natural control of soybean aphid, but outbreaks remain common. Previous work suggests that native coccinellids are rare in soybean, potentially limiting soybean aphid control. We compared the coccinellid community in soybean with that of maize to identify differences in how coccinellid species use these habitats. As maize has long been used by coccinellids in the Americas, we hypothesized that coccinellids native to the Americas would use maize habitats, while exotic coccinellids would be more common in soybean. We identified and quantified aphids and all species and stages of coccinellids in a randomized complete block experiment with four blocks of 10 by 10 -m plots of soybean and maize in central Minnesota during 2008 and 2009. Coccinellid egg masses were identified by hatching in the laboratory. We used repeated-measures ANOVA to identify the dominant species in each habitat and compared species richness and Shannon's diversity with a paired t-test. Aphids and coccinellids had a similar phenology across habitats, but the coccinellid species composition differed significantly between soybean and maize. In soybean, the exotic, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, was the dominant species, while in maize, H. axyridis and the native, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, were co-dominant. Eggs of H. axyridis were abundant in both habitats. In contrast, C. maculata eggs were very rare in soybean, despite being abundant in adjacent plots of maize. Species diversity was higher in maize. These findings were consistent with other published studies of coccinellid communities in these habitats.
How Do Experienced Physicians Access and Evaluate Laboratory Test Results for the Chronic Patient? A Qualitative Analysis

Abstract Background Electronic health records may present laboratory test results in a variety of ways. Little is known about how the usefulness of different visualizations of laboratory test results is influenced by the complex and varied process of clinical decision making. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate how clinicians access and utilize laboratory test results when caring for patients with chronic illness. Methods We interviewed 10 attending physicians about how they access and assess laboratory tests when following up patients with chronic illness. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed qualitatively. Results Informants preferred different visualizations of laboratory test results, depending on what aspects of the data they were interested in. As chronic patients may have laboratory test results that are permanently outside standardized reference ranges, informants would often look for significant change, rather than exact values. What constituted significant change depended on contextual information (e.g., the results of other investigations, intercurrent diseases, and medical interventions) spread across multiple locations in the electronic health record. For chronic patients, the temporal relations between data could often be of special interest. Informants struggled with finding and synthesizing fragmented information into meaningful overviews. Conclusion The presentation of laboratory test results should account for the large variety of associated contextual information needed for clinical comprehension. Future research is needed to improve the integration of the different parts of the electronic health record.
Spontaneously resolved infantile glaucoma

GradDipEpi(Pharmaco) MSHP, Ian K Emslie BOptom, Peter EJ Davies MPH FRANZCO and John Cosgrove FRANZCP Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Hunter Drug Information Service, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Shop 22, Warners Bay Plaza, Newcastle Eye Hospital, Newcastle, and St Leonards Mood Disorders Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Received 16 January 2014; accepted 18 January 2014.
Breastfeeding After a Cesarean Delivery

Sema Kuguoglu1, Hatice Yildiz2, Meltem Kurtuncu Tanir3 and Birsel Canan Demirbag4 1Gazikent University, College of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Pediatric Nursing Department,Gaziantep 2Marmara University Health Science Faculty, Division of Nursing, Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing Department 3Zonguldak Kara Elmas University Health School, Division of Nursing, Head of Pediatric Nursing Department 4Karadeniz Technical University, School of Nursing, Division of Nursing, Public Health Nursing Department Turkey
EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF THE STATISTICAL METHODS OF ANALYZING INTERVENTION EFFECTS AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SURROGATE COMPOSITE SCORES IN RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS USING COMPETE III TRIAL DATA

Background: A better application of evidence-based available therapies and optimal patient care are suggested to have a positive association with patient outcomes for cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Electronic integration of care tested in the Computerization of Medical Practices for the Enhancement of Therapeutic Effectiveness (COMPETE) Π study showed that a shared electronic decision-support system to support the primary care of diabetes improved the process of care and some clinical markers of the quality of diabetes care. On the basis of COMPETE Π trial, COMPETE Ш study showed that older adults at increased risk of cardiovascular events, if connected with their family physicians and other providers via an electronic network sharing an intensive, individualized cardiovascular tracking, advice and support program, enhanced their process of care – using a process composite score to lower their cardiovascular risk more than those in conventional care. However, results of the effect of intervention on composite process and clinical outcomes were not similar – there was no significant effect on clinical outcomes. Objectives: Our objectives were to investigate the robustness of the results based the commonly used statistical models using COMPETE III dataset and explore the validity of the surrogate process composite score using a correlation analysis between the clinical outcomes and process composite score. Methods: Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used as a primary statistical model in this study. Three patient-level statistical methods (simple linear regression,
Does Passive Sampling Accurately Reflect the Bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) Communities Pollinating Apple and Sour Cherry Orchards?

Abstract During bloom of spring orchard crops, bees are the primary providers of pollination service. Monitoring these insects for research projects is often done by timed observations or by direct aerial netting, but there has been increasing interest in blue vane traps as an efficient passive approach to collecting bees. Over multiple spring seasons in Michigan and Pennsylvania, orchards were monitored for wild bees using timed netting from crop flowers and blue vane traps. This revealed a distinctly different community of wild bees captured using the two methods, suggesting that blue vane traps can complement but cannot replace direct aerial netting. The bee community in blue vane traps was generally composed of nonpollinating species, which can be of interest for broader biodiversity studies. In particular, blue vane traps caught Eucera atriventris (Smith), Eucera hamata (Bradley), Bombus fervidus (F.), and Agapostemon virescens (F.) that were never collected from the orchard crop flowers during the study period. Captures of bee species in nets was generally stable across the 3 yr, whereas we observed significant declines in the abundance of Lasioglossum pilosum (Smith) and Eucera spp. trapped using blue vane traps during the project, suggesting local overtrapping of reproductive individuals. We conclude that blue vane traps are a useful tool for expanding insights into bee communities within orchard crop systems, but they should be used with great caution to avoid local extirpation of these important insects.
Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of small choroidal melanoma: comparison with choroidal nevus.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate characteristics of small choroidal melanoma using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). DESIGN Retrospective comparative analysis. RESULTS Of 37 eyes with small choroidal melanoma imaged using EDI-OCT, the mean tumor thickness was 1025 μm by EDI-OCT compared with 2300 μm by ultrasonography. By EDI-OCT, choroidal features included optical shadowing in 36 (100%) and overlying choriocapillaris thinning in 37 (100%). Outer retinal features included shaggy photoreceptors in 18 (49%), as well as absence (structural loss) of photoreceptors in 9 (24%), inner segment-outer segment junction in 24 (65%), external limiting membrane in 16 (43%), outer nuclear layer in 6 (16%), and outer plexiform layer in 4 (11%). Inner retinal features included irregularity of inner nuclear layer in 3 (8%), inner plexiform layer in 3 (8%), ganglion cell layer in 3 (8%), and nerve fiber layer in 2 (5%). Also identified were subretinal fluid in 34 (92%), subretinal lipofuscin deposition in 35 (95%), and intraretinal edema in 6 (16%). Using EDI-OCT, a comparison with similar-sized choroidal nevus revealed that small choroidal melanoma showed increased tumor thickness, subretinal fluid, subretinal lipofuscin deposition, and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. Statistically significant EDI-OCT features for small choroidal melanoma included intraretinal edema (P=.003), shaggy photoreceptors or loss of photoreceptors (P=.005), loss of external limiting membrane (P=.008), loss of inner segment-outer segment junction (P=.02), irregularity of inner plexiform layer (P=.04), and irregularity of ganglion cell layer (P=.04) (t test and χ2 test). Shaggy photoreceptors were found overlying small choroidal melanoma in 18 (49%) but were not observed overlying choroidal nevus (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Small choroidal melanoma tumor thickness was overestimated by 55% on ultrasonography compared with EDI-OCT. The EDI-OCT features of small choroidal melanoma compared with choroidal nevus include increased tumor thickness, subretinal fluid, subretinal lipofuscin deposition, and retinal irregularities, including shaggy photoreceptors.
Conduite à tenir après la découverte d’un incidentalome pancréatique

La decouverte fortuite de lesions pancreatiques est de plus en plus frequente grâce aux progres de l’imagerie medicale. La prevalence exacte des incidentalomes pancreatiques n’est pas connue. Il peut s’agir de la decouverte d’une lesion kystique ou plus rarement d’une lesion solide. Les principales lesions de decouverte fortuite sont les tumeurs intracanalaires papillaires et mucineuses pancreatiques, les cystadenomes sereux et les cystadenomes mucineux. La demarche strategique a pour but de preciser la nature de la lesion (en premiere intention par la scanographie et la pancreato-IRM, en seconde intention par l’echoendoscopie, et en troisieme intention par la ponction sous echoendoscopie), d’evaluer son potentiel degeneratif et, en fonction de celui-ci, de proposer une resection chirurgicale ou une simple surveillance.