Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Recycled Fish Wastes for the Recovery of Struvite Fertilizer From Actual Landfill Leachate

The crystallization of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) is known as an effective way for recovering nutrients from landfill leachate (LL). Recently, several studies have been done to examine nonconventional sources of phosphorus, in order to improve the applicability of struvite technology. This study aimed at investigating the applicability of recycled fish wastes as a new source of P to recover MAP from real LL. A solution rich with P (P-solution) was extracted from fish wastes ashes, and mixed with pure magnesium oxide (MgO) before applying the resulted mixture to leachate samples. The experimental results showed reductions of different parameters; total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and color were removed with approximate rates of around 32%, 31%, 37% and 51%, respectively. Besides, about 70% of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) was converted to struvite precipitate. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) test confirmed the presence of struvite crystals in the obtained precipitates. Moreover, the utilization of Mg-P mix was significantly competent in comparison with conventional reagents.
Migration of cations induces reversible performance losses over day/night cycling in perovskite solar cells

Perovskites have been demonstrated in solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of well above 20%, which makes them one of the strongest contenders for next generation photovoltaics. While there are no concerns about their efficiency, very little is known about their stability under illumination and load. Ionic defects and their migration in the perovskite crystal lattice are some of the most alarming sources of degradation, which can potentially prevent the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we provide direct evidence of electric field-induced ionic defect migration and we isolate their effect on the long-term performance of state-of-the-art devices. Supported by modelling, we demonstrate that ionic defects, migrating on timescales significantly longer (above 103 s) than what has so far been explored (from 10−1 to 102 s), abate the initial efficiency by 10–15% after several hours of operation at the maximum power point. Though these losses are not negligible, we prove that the initial efficiency is fully recovered when leaving the device in the dark for a comparable amount of time. We verified this behaviour over several cycles resembling day/night phases, thus probing the stability of PSCs under native working conditions. This unusual behaviour reveals that research and industrial standards currently in use to assess the performance and the stability of solar cells need to be adjusted for PSCs. Our work paves the way for much needed new testing protocols and figures of merit specifically designed for PSCs.
Current practices that threaten beef safety in Mexico

This review analyzes some risk practices in the Mexico ́s beef production, to make conscience the responsibility of each one of the links in the meat productive chain. Primary production is responsible of the antibiotics, hormonal implants, and -agonists use. On the other hand, industry treads meat innocuity employing non-regulated methods, as meat marination and the usual way to obtain ground meat, among others. Also, the role of government, the heterogeneity of the sanitary system, and the main applicable international rules, besides the national systems epidemiological surveillance scope, are discussed as well. By last, the intention is to inform final
Röntgen-Strukturuntersuchungen an Celluloseregeneratfasern

Rontgen-Strukturuntersuchungen an Celluloseregeneratfasern Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit stehen Rontgen-Strukturuntersuchungen an Celluloseregeneratfasern. Hauptsachlich wurden Fasern untersucht, die mit dem umweltfreundlichen CARBACELL-Prozes hergestellt wurden. Aufgabe war es, die Struktur dieser neuartigen Cellulosecarbamatfasern in Abhangigkeit von der Variation der Prozesparameter zu charakterisieren sowie Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen aufzuzeigen. Anhand von Planfilmaufnahmen konnten charakteristische intensitatsstarke Rontgenweitwinkelreflexe indiziert werden. Die Winkellagen der gefundenen Reflexe erlauben es, die untersuchten Faserproben der Cellulosemodifikation des Typs II zuzuordnen. Uber Rontgenweitwinkeluntersuchungen wurden die Kristallinitat und die Kristallitdimensionen der Proben ermittelt. Die Kristallinitat der Cellulosecarbamatfasern kann in Abhangigkeit von den variierten Prozesparametern in einem weiten Bereich eingestellt werden. Vor allem die Reife der Spinnlosung und der Cellulosecarbamatgehalt in den Fasern haben einen signifikanten Einflus auf die Kristallinitat. Ein Vergleich der ermittelten Kristallitdimensionen ergibt, das die mittlere Kristallitgrose senkrecht zur (1-10)-Ebene bei den Cellulosecarbamatfasern etwas kleiner ist als bei Viskoseund Lyocellproben; die Kristallitgrose senkrecht zur (110)-Ebene fallt in der Regel etwas groser aus. Die Kristallitdimensionen in Faserrichtung der Cellulosecarbamatfasern sind mit denen der Viskosefasern vergleichbar; NewCell weist deutlich grosere Kristallitdimensionen in Faserrichtung auf. Die ermittelten Orientierungsfaktoren bestatigten, das vor allem die Orientierung der Kettensegmente in den amorphen Regionen sehr sensibel auf Anderungen im Herstellungsprozes regiert. An Faserproben, die unterschiedlich stark gereckt wurden, wurde mit steigendem Reckfaktor eine Zunahme der Kristallinitat und des Kristallitwachstum sowie ein Anstieg der Orientierung ermittelt. Weiter wurden Zusammenhange zwischen den rontgenographisch ermittelten Strukturcharakteristika und den mechanischen Kennwerten der Celluloseregeneratfasern aufgezeigt. Die gefundenen Ergebnisse sprechen dafur, das die mechanischen Eigenschaften im wesentlichen von den Kettensegmenten in den nichtkristallinen Regionen beeinflust werden. Die mechanischen Kennwerte der betrachteten Cellulosecarbamatfasern gleichen denen von EnkaViskose. Bei der Charakterisierung der Porenstruktur mittels Rontgenkleinwinkelbeugung wurde festgestellt, das die Luftfeuchtigkeit wahrend der Lagerung der Proben einen grosen Einflus auf die Ergebnisse hat. Punktfokusaufnahmen an gequollenen Faserproben wurden hinsichtlich einer Anderung der Porenstruktur diskutiert. Strukturanderungen infolge von Mahlund Warmebehandlungen ergaben, das durch den Mahlprozes die Kristallinitat der Proben abnimmt; Warmebehandlungen fuhren zu veranderten Rontgenbeugungsbildern und zu veranderten NMR-Spektren.
Photoinduced Terahertz Conductivity and Carrier Relaxation in Thermal-Reduced Multilayer Graphene Oxide Films

Graphene oxide (GO) is an attractive option for large scale production of graphene. On the other hand, the graphene obtained by the reduction of GO has inevitable structural defects, and the vacant lattice sites will significantly restrict its conductivity. It has been demonstrated that thermal annealing in hydrogen is an efficient method to reduce defects and heal the lattice in GO samples. However, it is still not clear how the defects and/or disordering influence the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the carrier relaxation pathway in GO. Herein, time-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is employed to characterize the properties of the multilayer GO films which were annealed in hydrogen at various temperatures. Upon photoexcitation, a transient increase of the conductivity was observed for the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) samples. The ultrafast carrier relaxation process can be well assigned to the carrier–carrier scattering and carrier–phonon coupling. Our results demonstrated that the RGO films .
MULTISCALE APPROACH OF THE EQUIVALENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MODIFIED FOAM-FILLED AND NON-FILLED HOLLOW BRICK AND A BRICK WALL

The energy loss through building components resulting in higher energy consumption, thus energy saving has become an essential aspect in design and comfort. This study aims to optimize the thermal insulation of red clay bricks used in the walls of buildings by using a multiscale method. The finite element approach in ABAQUS software has been used to simulate the bricks under different configurations and conditions. Due to cost and time challenges and difficulties in simulation and complex calculations, simplified and applicable equations have been derived to calculate thermal insulation properties. The results show that the paper’s brick design has a significant thermal conductivity reduction that could reach more than one-third of the other corresponding studies. The study goes to fill the hollow bricks by the insulation polyurethane foam (PUF) and comparing the results with air hollow bricks. Besides its other advantages, the outcomes reveal that using the PUF has a noticeable desired-influence in thermal insulation when considering the heat transfer by convection and radiation inside the air cavity of bricks.
Neural networks and Monte-Carlo method usage in multi-agent systems for sudoku problem solving

The object of research is multi-agent systems based on Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms and analysis of ways to establish interaction within the system, based on intelligent agents. Also, part of the material in this paper covers ways to organize the management and administration of agents at the meta-level: external controllers and tools to optimize their work, describing architectural solutions that should accelerate agents’ training. The studied full-fledged multi-agent system would be flexible to expansion and would give effective acceleration in agent training and problem-solving quality.In this paper, the following neural network models were considered: DQN, DDQN, PPO, TD (methods based on Q-Learning), an approach using a neural network with Monte-Carlo tree search. The presented models were tested on a Sudoku problem with a dataset of 5039 combinations, dimensions 2x2, 4x4, and 9x9. Several sets of agent rewards were used. The presentation of data during the learning and problem-solving process was described. Also was built a multi-agent system based on the model using a Monte-Carlo tree search.According to the study results, it was revealed that for tasks in a complex environment, the models based on Q-Learning are practically ineffective (plots support the statement). The training process for these models is quite demanding on the characteristics of the workstation hardware. It was also determined that the Monte-Carlo tree search method does a good job. Even with a small number of iterations, it shows results better than other Deep Learning methods (45–50 % accuracy for 9x9). However, a significant drawback is a complexity of training the model, and the hardware requirements are too large for this kind of research.
Exploring the Importance of Service Quality Attributes for Millennials at Boutique Budget Hotels

Millennials have a high spending power toward travel and therefore, the boutique budget hotel sector has been rapidly developing to attract this target market. However, there is not much information on what Millennials find important in service quality at these hotels, due to which it is pertinent for hoteliers to research and understand their behavior to cater to them accordingly. Therefore, this research investigates which service quality attributes Millennials find the most important in boutique budget hotels. This exploratory study reviews past literature and issuing questionnaire surveys for Millennials. This study explores the service quality dimensions within boutique budget hotels and how the dimensions further influence customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis revealed five dimensions of service quality, namely, hotel experience, staff experience, device experience, visual appeal perception, and wireless connection. Multiple regression analysis was also applied and showed that these five dimensions had a statistically significant positive influence on customer satisfaction and customer loyal.
Uloga galektina-3 u stanicama monocitne i limfocitne loze

Galectins-1 and -3 modulate many cellular processes, and through regulation of cell migration, phagocytosis, immune cell degranulation and modulation of cytokine and inflammatory mediator production, these lectins are intimately involved in all phases of inflammatory reactions of innate and acquired immunity. Galectin-1 is generally considered a strong anti-inflammatory and galectin-3 a pro-inflammatory signal, but their effects tremendously vary with respect to their localization and the cell type. In this work we address the role of galectin-3 in the physiology of lymphocytes and the role and expression of galectins-1 and -3 in human monocytes and classically or alternatively differentiated and activated macrophages. Human lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy donors and differentiated into M1 and M2 subtype of macrophages by cultivation in culture media supplemented with granulocyte-macrophage or macrophage colony-stimulating factor, respectively. M1 macrophages were activated classically by lipopolysaccharide and interpheron-γ or alternatively into M2a/M2c phenotypes by interleukin (IL)-4/IL-10, respectively. The expression of galectins-1 and -3 was determined on gene and protein levels, and the amount of galectins bound to the cell membranes was estimated. Culture media were probed for secreted galectin-3. The effect of exogenously added galectin-3 on the physiology of lymphocytes, monocytes and activated macrophages was investigated. Obtained results imply that differentiation and activation of monocytes into classically (M1) and alternatively (M2a/M2c) activated macrophages is followed by marked changes of expression and proteolitic cleavage of galectin-3. Expression and secretion of galectin-3 was tightly regulated and significantly differed among classically and alternatively activated macrophages, while the differences of galectin-1 expression profiles were not pronounced. Significant differences in galectin-3 expression profiles were observed between the same macrophage subtypes obtained from different blood donors. Moreover, classically activated macrophages polarize into two distinct populations with respect to the expression of membrane galectin-3. Human monocytes exhibited high amount of free galectin-3 receptors, while on both types of activated macrophages the receptors were fully saturated. Exogenously added galectin-3 does not affect cytokine secretion of lymphocytes or activated macrophages. Galectin-3 is more distinctive descriptor of macrophage differentiation/activation than galectin-1. Its specific expression and secretion pattern in M1 vs. M2a/M2c macrophages contributes to better understanding of its role and regulation in these cells and provides a new insight on biological characteristics of these cells.
Çocuklarda Kötü Ağız Alışkanlıkları ve Tedavi Yöntemleri

A balance exists among the muscles in the head, neck, and oral region, which can be disrupted due to abnormal oral habits that may cause anomalies in the jaw skeletal system and occlusions, especially in children with continuing growth development. Cessation of poor oral habits before the age of 4 years can reduce the risk of developing malocclusions. Appropriate management of poor oral habits, which can otherwise cause malocclusions, is an important task for pediatric dentists. Methods such as behavioral orientation of the child, educating on the consequences of poor oral habits, and rewarding are often useful in helping the child quit such poor habits. However, occasionally, the child may resist on giving up these habits. In such cases, intraoral and extraoral appliances can be used. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness against malocclusions that may occur due to poor oral habits and their treatment approaches to parents, society, pediatricians, and pediatric dentists.
Fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy of acid Nafion membranes and solutions

Acid Nafion solutions and corresponding membranes swollen by water, formamide, methanol, and ethanol were studied to assess the mobility of the perfluorinated chains in the solutions. In ethanol solutions the NMR results suggest a nearly isotropic motion of the polymer molecule (backbone and pendant chains), with τ c ≤10 −4 s. The spectra of the swollen membrane, are intermediate between the spectra of the dry membrane and of the solutions. The spectra of the solutions and of the swollen membranes at ambient temperature, as well as the spectra of the dry membranes and of Teflon as a function of temperature, have been simulated by use of hyper-Lorentzian line shapes. An Arrhenius plot of the line width in dry Nafion vs temperature allows determination of the activation energy for the motion
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Influence of Drop Size and Surface Potential on the Contact Angle of Ionic-Liquid Droplets

In this work we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the room temperature ionic-liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate on a surface with graphene structured sheets. Contact angles were calculated via polynomial-fitting of two-dimensional atomic density contours. Drop size and surface interaction were varied to assess their influences on the contact angle. At low graphene interaction potential, no change in contact angle with drop size was found. When increasing the surface interaction potential toward actual graphene, the drops deviated to fully wetting, but the spreading rate and extent became dependent on drop size. The smallest drop formed a single adsorbed layer due to its initial size and the large ratio of ions in the adsorbed layer. Larger drops wetted and formed nonuniform metastable drops upon several layers of spread liquid. These were not true equilibrium structures as when starting from a single adsorbed layer film at room temperature, the metastable layers were not r.
Remote engagement in early mathematics professional development: Using tangible artifacts to mediate participation

Although the field has recognized the importance of early mathematics education for young children, many early childhood educators do not have access to high-quality, engaging professional development in math or science (McClure et al., 2017). In particular, educators in rural communities lack opportunities to grow professionally due to geographical isolation or under-resourced programs. In addition, many professional development opportunities offer prescribed programs that do not encourage active participation and are not connected to teachers’ existing practices or approaches (Kennedy, 2016). Building on frameworks for effective professional development (Fishman, Davis, & Chan, 2014) and embodied design (Abrahamson & Lindgren, 2014), we used video conferencing technology paired with tangible materials to engage a cohort of remote online early childhood educators in four sessions of professional development in early mathematics education. Each session was one hour in length and included opportunities for online teacher learners to engage with tangible materials (e.g., Froebel gifts, triangle construction materials) to explore mathematical concepts central to early childhood development. Our approach was designed to 1) engage teachers as learners with carefully designed materials to develop their own understanding, and 2) open pathways for mediated participation through the sharing of physical constructions via video conferencing. In this poster, we focus on the following research question: How do participants’ material constructions and interactions act as mediating resources in their participation in remote online professional learning? We video recorded two of the professional learning sessions, surveyed participants, and interviewed a sample of participants about their experiences in the professional learning. Our findings suggest that tangible materials allowed for common sense-making and active participation throughout the sessions. Furthermore, tangible materials served as resources for mathematical engagement and dialogue in spite of educators’ remote participation. This poster will highlight the professional development approach and suggest several implications for the use of tangible materials to enhance online professional development engagement.
Polymorphism of the CAPN1 and GH genes and its relationship with the productivity of cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed

The improvement of beef cattle is associated with the use of molecular genetic testing for genes associated with signs of meat productivity. The article presents the results of studies of gene polymorphism of calpain (CAPN1) and growth hormone (GH) in different sex and age groups of the Kazakh white-headed breed and its effect on the dynamics of live weight of young animals. It was found that polymorphism of the CAPN1 and GH genes is represented by three genotypes of CC, CG, GG and VV, LV, LL, respectively. The most common in the CAPN1 gene are the G allele and the GG genotype, the frequency of which ranged between 0.83-0.89 and 0.72-0.81, in the GH gene, the L allele and the LL genotype, the occurrence of which, respectively, was within 0.60-0.81 and 0.51-0.66. The carriers of the desired alleles, both in the homozygous and heterozygous state, were insignificant: in the CAPN1 gene, in the range of 0.03-0.22, in the GH gene, 0.03-0.31. In the CAPN1 gene, a lack of heterozygotes was observed in all groups, while in repair young animals it was higher than in animals of the parent herd. In the GH gene, a slight excess of heterozygotes was found in manufacturing bulls and repair bulls, while among cows and repair heifers they were deficient. Significant superiority in live weight at 8 and 12 months of age of gobies and heifers carriers of genotypes CAPN1CC and GHVV over peers CAPN1GG and GHLL was established by an average of 13.7 (P <0.05) and 6.8 %%; 12.1 (P <0.05) and 6.7 %%.
Juger du Beau avec subjectivité : le défi de l’esthétique computationnelle

Les techniques a base d'intelligence artificielle dont l'objectif est d'evaluer automatiquement la qualite esthetique d'une photographie, ont recu une attention notable ces dernieres annees et peuvent se targuer de performances prometteuses. On constate cependant que la plupart d'entre elles souffrent de limitations en raison de leur paradigme de base emprunte a l'esthetique platonicienne, qui attribue tous les criteres de beaute a l'objet ou a la personne belle. A partir du tres volumineux corpus consacre a l'esthetique depuis 25 siecles, ces limitations auraient pu etre anticipees. Le reproche le plus frequemment exprime est que le jugement porte sur l'image ne prend pas en compte l'observateur et sa subjectivite. Sans surprise, plusieurs travaux tres recents s'attaquent ce point delicat, adoptant des approches diverses. Nous les discutons ici.
Negative effects of unlabeled response scales

This study used a novel research approach to investigate the effects of unlabeled response scales on response distributions. Instead of responding to standard questionnaire items respondents were asked to report given judgments on either semantic-differential (SD) or agree-disagree (AD) response scales, thereby showing the extent to which respondents agree upon where to place given judgments. Results from a survey-based study (N = 418) show that respondents to a large extent disagree about where to place judgments on the response scale; the level of agreement for different judgment intensities ranged from 42% to 82% and the level of agreement is lower for AD than SD response scales. The low levels of agreement contribute to non-substantive variance in the data which increases the risk of attenuated or inflated correlations between constructs. Moreover, simulations of actual response distributions suggest that unlabeled response scales may lead to a strong bias in the form of underestimated shares of positive answers. Implications for research and marketing research practice of using unlabeled response scales are discussed and it is recommended that response categories on SD and AD items always should be labeled since this will reduce non-substantive variance and bias in the data.