Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The SUMO E3 Ligase SIZ1 Negatively Regulates Shoot Regeneration1[OPEN]

SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE1 (SIZ1) negatively regulates in vitro shoot regeneration by suppressing transcriptional activation of reprogramming regulators. Plants form calluses and regenerate new organs when incubated on phytohormone-containing media. While accumulating evidence suggests that these regenerative processes are governed by transcriptional networks orchestrating wound response and developmental transitions, it remains unknown if posttranslational regulatory mechanisms are involved in this process. In this study, we demonstrate that SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN- CONTAINING LIGASE1 (SIZ1), an E3 ligase-catalyzing attachment of the SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) to proteins, regulates wound-induced signal transduction and organ regeneration in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that loss-of-function mutants for SIZ1 exhibit overproduction of shoot meristems under in vitro tissue culture conditions, while this defect is rescued in a complementation line expressing pSIZ1::SIZ1. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that siz1-2 mutants exhibit enhanced transcriptional responses to wound stress, resulting in the hyper-induction of over 400 genes immediately after wounding. Among them, we show that elevated levels of WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION1 (WIND1) and WIND2 contribute to the enhanced shoot regeneration observed in siz1 mutants, as expression of the dominant-negative chimeric protein WIND1-SRDX (SUPERMAN repression domain) in siz1-3 mutants partly rescues this phenotype. Although compromised SIZ1 function does not modify the transcription of genes implicated in auxin-induced callus formation and/or pluripotency acquisition, it does lead to enhanced induction of cytokinin-induced shoot meristem regulators such as WUSCHEL, promoting the formation of WUSCHEL-expressing foci in explants. This study thus suggests that SIZ1 negatively regulates shoot regeneration in part by repressing wound-induced developmental reprogramming.
Digesta flow and mineral absorption in lambs before and after weaning

Summary Four young lambs fitted with cannulas at the pylorus and at the ileo-caecal junction were used to study the effects of weaning on digesta flow and mineral absorption. Prior to weaning when milk alone was fed the small intestine was the major site for dry matter disappearance and for the absorption of Ca, P, Na and K. Both the small and the large intestine were, however, important sites for Mg absorption at this time. After weaning, when the lambs were fed a concentrate diet, at least two-thirds of the digested dry matter disappeared within the reticulo-rumen. The small intestine, however, still remained the major site for the absorption of Ca, P, Na and K. Most Mg absorption, in contrast, now occurred anterior to the pylorus and it would appear that the move from hindgut to foregut as a site for Mg absorption was directly associated with the introduction of dry feed and the development of fermentative digestion within the reticulo-rumen. Both before and after weaning the faeces was the major route for the excretion of Ca surplus to requirement and the faeces also became increasingly important as a pathway for P and Mg excretion once dry feed was given. The urine, in contrast, was consistently the major pathway for the excretion of Na and K.
A Multi-domain Approach Toward Adaptations of Socio-technical Systems: The Dutch Railway Case-Part 1

Socio-technical systems are highly complex as they contain a number of domains each of which including numerous interdependent elements. With such complexity, policy makers and managers need to adapt (make incremental changes in) sociotechnical systems, and currently available approaches for such adaptations are rare. Consequently, and to fill this gap, this paper takes a multi-domain approach based upon Design Structure and Multi-domain matrices to develop a multi-domain model of sociotechnical system. Moreover, that model is analyzed according to both the change propagation measures of the non-human domain and the information processing view of the stakeholder domain of socio-technical systems. Application of this method for the Dutch railway system is discussed in Part 2 of this paper.
Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces

Mitigating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings and public spaces is critically important to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases while effective vaccines and therapeutics are under development. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is thought to primarily occur through direct person-to-person transfer of infectious respiratory droplets or through aerosol-generating medical procedures. However, contact with contaminated surfaces may also play a significant role. In this context, understanding the factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 persistence on surfaces will enable a more accurate estimation of the risk of contact transmission and inform mitigation strategies. To this end, we have developed a simple mathematical model that can be used to estimate virus decay on nonporous surfaces under a range of conditions and which may be utilized operationally to identify indoor environments in which the virus is most persistent. ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in China in late 2019 and is caused by newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies had reported the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture media and deposited onto surfaces under a limited set of environmental conditions. Here, we broadly investigated the effects of relative humidity, temperature, and droplet size on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in a simulated clinically relevant matrix dried on nonporous surfaces. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 decayed more rapidly when either humidity or temperature was increased but that droplet volume (1 to 50 μl) and surface type (stainless steel, plastic, or nitrile glove) did not significantly impact decay rate. At room temperature (24°C), virus half-life ranged from 6.3 to 18.6 h depending on the relative humidity but was reduced to 1.0 to 8.9 h when the temperature was increased to 35°C. These findings suggest that a potential for fomite transmission may persist for hours to days in indoor environments and have implications for assessment of the risk posed by surface contamination in indoor environments. IMPORTANCE Mitigating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings and public spaces is critically important to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases while effective vaccines and therapeutics are under development. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is thought to primarily occur through direct person-to-person transfer of infectious respiratory droplets or through aerosol-generating medical procedures. However, contact with contaminated surfaces may also play a significant role. In this context, understanding the factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 persistence on surfaces will enable a more accurate estimation of the risk of contact transmission and inform mitigation strategies. To this end, we have developed a simple mathematical model that can be used to estimate virus decay on nonporous surfaces under a range of conditions and which may be utilized operationally to identify indoor environments in which the virus is most persistent.
Phenotypic Model for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction - Estrogen Metabolism and Exposure in a Genotypic

Background: Current models of breast cancer risk prediction do not directly reflect mammary estrogen metabolism or genetic variability in exposure to carcinogenic estrogen metabolites. Methods: We developed a model that simulates the kinetic effect of genetic variants of the enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT on the production of the main carcinogenic estrogen metabolite, 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), expressed as area under the curve metric (4-OHE2-AUC). The model also incorporates phenotypic factors (age, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, and family history), which plausibly influence estrogenmetabolism and the production of 4-OHE2.We applied themodel to two independent, population-based breast cancer case–control groups, the German GENICA study (967 cases, 971 controls) and the Nashville Breast Cohort (NBC; 465 cases, 885 controls). Results: In the GENICA study, premenopausal women at the 90th percentile of 4-OHE2-AUC among control subjects had a risk of breast cancer that was 2.30 times that of women at the 10th control 4-OHE2-AUC percentile (95% CI: 1.7–3.2, P 1⁄4 2.9 10 ). This relative risk was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.5–2.4, P 1⁄4 2.2 10 ) in postmenopausal women. In the NBC, this relative risk in postmenopausal women was 1.81 (95% CI: 1.3–2.6, P1⁄4 7.6 10 ), which increased to 1.83 (95% CI: 1.4–2.3, P1⁄4 9.5 10 ) when a history of proliferative breast disease was included in the model. Conclusions: The model combines genotypic and phenotypic factors involved in carcinogenic estrogen metabolite production and cumulative estrogen exposure to predict breast cancer risk. Impact: The estrogen carcinogenesis–based model has the potential to provide personalized risk estimates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(7); 1502–15. 2011 AACR.
SINR analysis in a tunnel using multiple VLC cells with TDMA

In this paper, intercell interference (ICI) produced by adjacent / neighboring cells in a user who moves through a mining tunnel is studied. For this, a visible light communication (VLC) system is modeled that uses Time Division Multiplexing access(TDMA) and two possible topologies of LED distribution are presented within a mining tunnel to be analysed. The interference of an optical cell in its neighboring cells is analysed and compared in detail, as well as the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for different paths within the tunnel.
Reliability Aspects of SONOS Based Analog Memory for Neuromorphic Computing

Reliability of 40nm SONOS (Si-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Si) based non-volatile memory (NVM) cell has been evaluated for analog memory to perform neuromorphic computing. Process flow and smart-write algorithms were developed to tune key reliability parameters like retention and noise performance for this application. Their optimization to meet the product reliability requirements are also discussed. The performance of SONOS was evaluated on mini test arrays as well as actual memory arrays and the retention data obtained are discussed
New design and motion analysis of an exoskeleton robot for assisting human locomotion

In this paper, we present a new robot model designed to assist human locomotion. The kinematic structure of the robot is presented, and the equations that characterize the movement of the robot are written. Based on this kinematic structure, the robot is modeled in the CAD design environment, SolidWorks, and the motion simulation is performed in the MSC.ADAMS simulation environment. The graphs of variation of the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the robot are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the designed robot's motion, conclusions are drawn regarding the usefulness of the modeled robot.
RSS-based Indoor Passive Localization Using Clustering and Filtering in a LTE Network

Nowadays, fingerprint positioning is the mainstream method in indoor positioning and Weighted-K-Nearest-Neighbor (WKNN) is most widely used in fingerprint matching. However, the fingerprints which are far away from each other might also be similar and the target fingerprints have to match with all fingerprints every time, which results in unsatisfactory accuracy and efficiency of WKNN. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to classify regions with comprehensive consideration of geographic location and fingerprint similarity, meanwhile preprocessing and filtering the data are used to improve the accuracy. In addition, we propose that the cellular signal in Long Term Evolution (LTE) is more suitable to be the signal source in indoor passive localization scenario. Results show that in the LTE environment, our proposed algorithm effectively reduces the positioning error by about 24% and improves the convergence speed compared with WKNN.
INFLUENCE OF GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC FACTORS ON QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF WOOL FROM SHEEP REARED AT RAWALAKOT AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR

The data on body weight and greasy wool yield was collected from 35 animals during July, 2007 to July, 2009. The animals were weighed in the first week of each month and shorn annually in March. The least squares means for annual greasy fleece yield, staple length, fiber diameter, medullation, clean yield percent, clean wool yield and wool bulk were 2.28±0.20 kg, 7.66±0.44cm, 26.23±0.60 percent, 69.67±2.34 percent, 1.59±0.14 kg cm3/gm, respectively. The analysis of variance revealed that the years of shearing and breed were the significant (P<0.05) sources of variation for greasy fleece yield, however, sex showed non significant difference. The least squares means for greasy fleece yield was 2.29±0.10 kg 2.84±0.91 and 2.34±0.09,kg during 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. However, least squares means for Crossbred, Poonchi and Rambuillet genotype was 2.19±0.08, 1.92±0.12 and 2.36±0.091kg, respectively. The differences due to year of shearing was significant (P<0.05), however, sex and breed were non significant for staple length. Least squares means for staple length was 8.75±0.58, 7.75±0.53 and 9.46±0.53 cm during the study period (2007-09). However, it was 8.88±0.05, 7.89±0.67 and 9.00±0.48 cm, for Crossbred, Poonchi and Rambuillet genotypes, respectively. Males produced more staple length (9.01±0.78 cm) when compared with female lambs (8.09±0.29 cm). Least squares means for fiber diameter and medullation were 27.47±0.09, 26.77±0.65, 27.06±0.65 micron and 6.40±1.28, 5.77±1.17, 5.89±1.17 percent during 2007 to 2009, and for Crossbred, Poonchi and Rambuillet sheep were 26.36±0.83, 27.93±0.58 and 20.02±0.65 cm and 3.08±1.49, 8.89±1.05 and 6.09±1.17 percent respectively. Analysis of variance for clean yield percent and wool bulk gave non significant difference for all factors studied. Clean yield percent was almost similar during the rearing period but it was higher (71. 08±2.12 %) in Poonchi and female (70.47±1.08%) sheep. Least squares means for wool bulk were similar but it was high in Poonchi (26.46±0.49 cm/gm) and female animals (26.18±0.25 cm/gm). There was an overall improvement in greasy wool yield in crossbred lambs compared to local Poonchi sheep. Crossing of local sheep with exotic Rambouillet results in the overall improvement in wool quality. However, it was recommended that the estimated environmental effects are important and needs more extensive study for improvement and planning in sheep breeding in future.
CO-RELATION OF HEIGHT EXPLOSIVE POWER AND STRENGTH ENDURANCE ON KABADDI PLAYING ABILITY

The main purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between height, explosive power and strength endurance on kabaddi playing ability of male kabaddi players. To achieve the purpose of the study, fifteen club kabaddi players who participated in the Raigad district federation tournament were selected as subjects at random. For the study playing abilithy was selected as depended variable for the study. And also the following variables such as height, was measured by using stadiometer explosive power by sergeant jump and strength endurance by sit ups. The selected performance related variable such as playing ability was measured with the help of three judges . The persons products moment correlation was used to find out the relationship between the select6ed independent variables and playing ability of Raigad district federation players. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship at . 05 level of selected height, explosive power and strength endurance.
Phosphate Pools, Phosphate Transport, and Phosphate Availability

(gIucose-6- phosphate ) and similar abbreviations for specific esters, P-lipid (phospholipid), P-choline (phosphatyl choline). 2 Throughout this article, solution concentrations will be given as molarities. The tissue content will usually be expressed as miIIimoles (mmoles), micromoles (I'moles) or nano­ moles (nmoles) per gram fresh weight (g fr wt); or else in terms of molarities, where the tissue is taken to be an equivalent volume of water. This should help in comparing solu­ tion and tissue concentrations and the results of different studies. I have made the neces­ sary conversions from other authors' data. Where values have been quoted in terms of dry weight alone, I have made the conversions by assuming dry wt/fresh wt ratios of 0.12, 0.14, and 0.17 for fleshy, normal, and woody tissues. They are sufficiently accurate for my comparisons. Unfortunately, authors do not always make clear the basis of their calculations. Calculations in terms of moles and molarities are free from ambiguity.
Sexual Dimorphism of the Second-to-Fourth Digit Length Ratio (2D : 4D) in the Strawberry Poison Dart Frog (Oophaga pumilio) in Costa Rica

Abstract The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) is a well-studied sexual dimorphism that likely arises as a result of prenatal androgenic effects on homeobox gene expression. This dimorphism has been found to exhibit interesting phylogenetic patterns in which females have larger ratios than males among most mammalian species and males have larger ratios than females in most avian and reptilian species. Digit ratio has not been measured in more basal taxa such as amphibians. In this study, 2D : 4D and snout–vent length (SVL) were measured in 40 male and 44 female adult Oophaga [=Dendrobates] pumilio frogs to investigate the existence and patterning of sexual dimorphism. The 2D : 4D of the rear feet varied significantly by sex with males having a larger ratio than females. The digit ratio of the front feet did not differ between the sexes. SVL or its interaction with sex did not affect 2D : 4D on any of the feet. These results indicate that 2D : 4D in an anuran is both sexually dimorphic and follows a pattern between the sexes similar to that of diapsid species. A potential application of 2D : 4D to environmental monitoring is also discussed.
Multiple Channel Access using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Congested Vehicular Networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a standard protocol for wireless vehicular communication that enables Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communications. VANET safety applications aim to prevent traffic accidents and require a high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and low latency of safety packet broadcast. When a large number of vehicles simultaneously access a limited channel resource for the safety broadcast, the safety requirements impose more challenges; the communication performance will significantly degrade due to network congestion. Especially, infrastructureless VANETs, which only allow V2V communication, vehicles are supposed to overcome the congestion problem using a self-adaptation scheme without the aid of infrastructures. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive MAC layer algorithm employing Deep Q Network (DQN) with a novel contention information-based state representation to improve the performance of the V2V safety packet broadcast. The proposed algorithm operates a fully distributed manner, and it is evaluated by simulations considering various levels of traffic congestion.
Effects of PPARγ and Combined Agonists on the Urinary Tract of Rats and Other Species

3132. Moon, R. C. , McCormick, D. L. , Becci, P. J., Shealy, Y. F. , Frickel, F. , Paust, J., and Sporn, M. B. (1982). Influence of 15 retinoic acid amides on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the mouse. Carcinogenesis 3, 1469–1472. Murphy, W. M. , Grignon, D. J., and Perlman, E. J. (2004). Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, and Related Urinary Sturctures, AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Series 4, (S. G. Silverberg, Ed.), pp. 241–245, American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC. Okamura, T. , Garland, E. M. , Masui, T. , Sakata, T. , St. John, M. , and Cohen, S. M. (1991). Lack of bladder tumor promoting activity in rats fed sodium saccharin in AIN-76A diet. Cancer Res. 51, 1778–1782. Okumura, M. , Hasegawa, R. , Shirai, T. , Ito, M. , Yamada, S. , and Fukushima, S. (1992). Relationship between calculus formation and carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of rats administered the non-genotoxic agents, thymine or melamine. Carcinogenesis 13, 1043–1045. Rodent Bladder Carcinogenesis Working Group (1995). Urinary bladder carcinogenesis: Implications for risk assessment. Food Chem. Toxicol. 33,
β-Arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 Are Important Mediators Engaged in Close Cooperation between TRPV1 and µ-Opioid Receptors in the Plasma Membrane

The interactions between TRPV1 and µ-opioid receptors (MOR) have recently attracted much attention because these two receptors play important roles in pain pathways and can apparently modulate each other’s functioning. However, the knowledge about signaling interactions and crosstalk between these two receptors is still limited. In this study, we investigated the mutual interactions between MOR and TRPV1 shortly after their activation in HEK293 cells expressing these two receptors. After activation of one receptor we observed significant changes in the other receptor’s lateral mobility and vice versa. However, the changes in receptor movement within the plasma membrane were not connected with activation of the other receptor. We also observed that plasma membrane β-arrestin 2 levels were altered after treatment with agonists of both these receptors. Knockdown of β-arrestin 2 blocked all changes in the lateral mobility of both receptors. Furthermore, we found that β-arrestin 2 can play an important role in modulating the effectiveness of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after activation of MOR in the presence of TRPV1. These data suggest that β-arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 are important mediators between these two receptors and their signaling pathways. Collectively, MOR and TRPV1 can mutually affect each other’s behavior and β-arrestin 2 apparently plays a key role in the bidirectional crosstalk between these two receptors in the plasma membrane.
Impact of Read Disturb on Multilevel RRAM based Inference Engine: Experiments and Model Prediction

Different from the multilevel cell (MLC) memory where the crossover between tail bits matters, any drift of the conductance of the synaptic device induced by read disturb may aggregate, as the analog current is summed up along the column. In this work, we experimentally measured the conductance drift on 2-bit HfO2 RRAM array based on 1-transsitor-1-resistor (1T1R) test vehicle. The drift behavior of different states is modeled by vertical and lateral filament growth and saturation. The device model is incorporated into a VGG-like convolutional neural network algorithm for CIFAR-10 dataset. Read voltage should be minimized to 0.3V or below to maintain the inference accuracy.