Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Function of the M1 π‐helix in endplate receptor activation and desensitization

A conserved proline in M1 causes a kink between α and π helical segments. The kink is under greater tension in the resting versus active conformation. The kink and the agonist do not interact directly. The π‐helix separates the gating functions of the extracellular and transmembrane domains. Mutations of the conserved proline and propofol increase desensitization.
Thérapie génique de l'angiogenèse tumorale ciblée par des cellules endothéliales immatures

Les facteurs de croissance endotheliaux (VEGFs) sont produits par les tumeurs qui sont hypoxiques. Principaux responsables de la neo-vascularisation pathologique, ils regulent le stroma tumoral. Les nouvelles strategies qui ciblent et inhibent le VEGF ouvrent vers la therapie anti-cancereuse moderne. Elles ont pour but de controler l’angiogenese tumorale plutot que la detruire. Le defi est donc de pieger selectivement le VEGF produit en exces, dans le microenvironnement tumoral, sous l’effet de l’hypoxie. La these presentee dans ce manuscrit est consacree a la realisation d’une nouvelle strategie ciblante par l’intermediaire de cellules, aussi appelee « Cheval de Troie ». Elle combine dans la meme entite, une unite de ciblage et un systeme de delivrance specifique d’un gene/molecule therapeutique. Dans le but d’adresser la therapie aux cellules cancereuses sans affecter les cellules saines, un modele de cellules endotheliales de type precurseur (CEPs) a ete utilise comme cellules ciblantes capables d’atteindre specifiquement le site tumoral. Les CEPs ont ete « armees » pour exprimer un gene therapeutique charge d’inhiber le VEGF. La neutralisation a ete obtenue par la production d’une forme soluble du recepteur-2 du VEGF (VEGFR2 soluble), agissant comme inhibiteur. Caracteristique des tumeurs solides se developpant, l’hypoxie a ete choisie pour declencher/eteindre l’expression et la secretion du VEGFR2 soluble, en introduisant, en amont du gene therapeutique, une sequence regulatrice : HRE. Adresse au site tumoral par les CEPs, le regulateur de l’angiogenese qu’est la forme soluble du VEGFR2, est exprime de maniere conditionnee et reversible, a l’hypoxie. Ceci ouvre a de nouvelles strategies de normalisation controlee et stable des vaisseaux tumoraux en vue de l’utilisation de therapies combinees.
Predictive Power and Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income Statement: an analysis of Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa

The study aimed to analyze if the information about comprehensive income (CI) and its individual components have predictive power to determine the Operating Cash Flow of the subsequent period (OCFt+1) at the Brazilian capital market companies. The research methodology has used financial data collected from Economatica® and CVM databases. The sample selection was performed considering the availability of variables: OCFt+1 and share prices. The period analyzed comprehended the years 2012-2014. It were used quantitative valuation techniques, establishing two moments of study: the first moment by testing the hypothesis that CI has greater predictive power than Net Income (NI) for forecasting OCFt+1 (528 firms/years); and the second moment by testing the hypothesis that CI and its components have a value relevance at the Brazilian capital market (605 firms/years). The results 2 MARCELLO ANGOTTI ▪ HUGO COSTA DE MACÊDO ▪ OSCAR NETO DE ALMEIDA BISPO Enf. : Ref. Cont. UEM Paraná v. 35 n. 3 p. 1-17 setembro / dezembro 2016 suggest that the analysis of the consolidated CI individually would not be incremental for forecasting OCFt+1. However, an increase was observed in the predictive capacity for OCFt+1, with the inclusion of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). Could not be verified, with aggregate disruption of the individual items of OCI, incremental capacity to determine the OCFt+1. It was observed that the Equity and NI have value relevance, but that is not confirmed to consolidated CI. Added to that, only the cash flow hedge was significant to explain the market value of the company, indicating there is informational benefit to stakeholders that employ the CI in their analysis.
Angular Measurements in the Evaluation of Hallux Valgus Deformities: A Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the American Orthopædic Foot & Ankle Society on Angular Measurements

This ad hoc committee was appointed to evaluate the methods of measurement in quantitating preand postoperative hallux valgus angles and make recommendations. The previous AOFAS research committee report had also done this in 1984.37 The most commonly used angular measurements to assess the severity of a pre-operative hallux valgus deformity and the magnitude of the postoperative correction are the hallux valgus angle and the 1-2 intermetatarsal angle. The use of these quantitative angular measurements in assessing hallux valgus deformities is based upon the belief that they are reliable, repeatable, and provide a constant value for comparison of different studies. " While it has been demonstrated that both of these angles can be reliably measured from both an intra-observer and inter-observer standpolnt,"" there is considerable evidence that these angular measurements are obtained and reported in an inconsistent fashion. In evaluating published reports on hallux valgus correction, the information on angular measurements presented is variable. In few instances, a precise description as well as a consistent diagram and/or representative radiograph is presented,"> but generally there are either no recorded measurements,2,5,10,11,17,18,19,20,21 marked discrepancies14,16,20,28,29 or inconsistencies. 1,12,15,25,36,38,39 Schneider and Knahr" reported two different methods of determining angular measurements based on distinctly different reference points: 1. a longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal using mid-diaphyseal reference points, and
Optique Non-Linéaire dans les structures semi-conductrices à fort confinement du champ.

Du fait de leurs fortes proprietes non-lineaires, les structures photoniques semi-conductrices sont tres interessantes pour le traitement tout-optique du signal. La structuration a petite echelle permet de localiser la lumiere et donc d'exalter les phenomenes non-lineaires, mais avec un pouvoir d'exaltation different suivant l'ordre de la non-linearite, introduisant ainsi une nouvelle hierarchie des regimes d'interaction. Apres une description theorique presentant le renforcement des processus non- lineaires par la localisation dans les semi-conducteurs, nous demontrons experimentalement et quantitativement, pour la premiere fois, l'influence de la localisation sur l'exaltation des non- linearites telles que l'effet Kerr, l'absorption a deux photons et les effets de porteurs libres, par l'etude d'un guide a cristal photonique de GaAs. Nous resolvons le probleme de l'amplification Raman d'impulsions dans un nanoguide de silicium, en developpant un modele analytique permettant de montrer l'influence des effets de modulation de la phase non-lineaire sur la chute du gain Raman effectif dans le silicium. Ce modele est valide experimentalement. Finalement, nous abordons l'application de la localisation a la commutation non- lineaire tout-optique. Nous introduisons la notion de longueurs non-lineaire de commutation et d'absorption permettant d'etudier differents materiaux. Nous montrons que la commutation par effet Kerr pur est impossible pour le Si et le GaAs (contrairement a l'AlGaAs et au GaN), mais qu'une commutation par effet de porteurs libres y est envisageable pour certaines geometries de microstructures.
Investigation of gate oxide short in FinFETs and the test methods for FinFET SRAMs

When CMOS technologies enter nanometer scale, FinFET has become one of the most promising devices because of the superior electrical characteristics. Nonetheless, due to the scaling of dielectric thickness and the occurring of line-edge roughness, FinFETs may suffer the gate oxide short. Gate oxide short is a defect that has been widely discussed in planar bulk MOSFETs. But for FinFETs, the defect characteristics have not been studied yet. In this paper, we investigate the fault behaviors of the gate oxide short in FinFETs. The investigation includes both tied-gate and independent-gate FinFETs. Based on the TCAD mixed-mode simulations, we discover that the gate oxide short in the two types of FinFETs causes different fault behaviors from each other. Compared to planar bulk MOSFETs, the fault behaviors are even more complex. In addition to the discussion at device level, we also discuss the corresponding SRAM testing. For detecting gate oxide short in FinFET SRAMs, we propose two new test methods. By using TCAD transient simulations, we prove the two methods' test efficacy of detecting the gate oxide shorts uncovered by traditional test methods.
Social entrepreneur and sustainable development: green radio in empowering the local community in Kampong Sarongge, West Java, Indonesia

The discussion about forest preservation program such as forest conservation has become the main attention for many countries. However, the implementation of forest conservation program frequently affected the life of the villagers that lived inside and/or around the area of the forest. While the most common forest conservation program only involved the role of government and the local community, this research shows the existence of other actors that also support the government in their implementation of the forest conservation program. Having an awareness that the implementation of the forest conservation program will not able to successfully implemented without considering the local community that dependent to the forest as their source of livelihood, make the role of the social entrepreneur is not only helping the government in the implementation of the forest conservation program, but also supporting the local community to find an alternative source of livelihood. Using the case of Kampong Saronggge in Indonesia, this research explains the role of a social entrepreneur through his social enterprise named Green Radio/Green Initiative Foundation in supporting the local community. This research argues that social entrepreneur could support the local community that was affected by the forest preservation program implemented by the government. Using some concept as the analytical framework, this research explained the process that done by the social entrepreneur in the implementation of every program to support the local community with the alternative source of livelihood. Moreover, this study also finds that the role that could play by the social entrepreneur in the local community that was affected by the forest preservation program is not only about providing them with the alternative source of income, but also increase the capacity, capacity, and quality from the local community itself. Some problems were faced by the social entrepreneur. However, this does not affect the positive results that felt by the local community from the community development program that was implemented by the social entrepreneur through his social enterprise.
Productive Diversification of African Agriculture and Its Effects on Resilience and Nutrition

The agriculture sector in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the backbone of national economies, sustaining rural and urban livelihoods alike, and providing food and income for the majority of households. Recent agriculture growth in Sub-Saharan Africa has been solid and has supported improvements in nutrition outcomes and poverty rates.Despite some relative gains, food insecurity and malnutrition in absolute terms continue to be major public health challenges in most African countries south of the Sahara, and most recent data are cause for concern. Many countries are still highly reliant on the production of one crop for national food security, which largely determines the total caloric intake of the rural population. Farmers in Sub-Saharan African are vulnerable to market risks and weather-related risks and shocks. Decisions on whether to diversify or to specialize production impact resilience, and thus their capacity to cope with and adapt to these risks. Market- and climate-related risks to smallholders in SSA are compounded by predictions that both the suitability of crop area for staples such as maize, and crop nutrient content could be substantially lowered with rising average temperatures. This report highlights that there is no one-size-fits-all solution in fostering diversification and provides a selection of policies available to governments that can promote or constrain diversification.
GAMMA-RAY ACTIVITY IN THE CRAB NEBULA: THE EXCEPTIONAL FLARE OF 2011 APRIL

The Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite observed a gamma-ray flare in the Crab Nebula lasting for approximately nine days in April of 2011. The source, which at optical wavelengths has a size of ≈11 lt-yr across, doubled its gamma-ray flux within eight hours. The peak photon flux was (186 ± 6) × 10−7 cm−2 s−1 above 100 MeV, which corresponds to a 30-fold increase compared to the average value. During the flare, a new component emerged in the spectral energy distribution, which peaked at an energy of (375 ± 26) MeV at flare maximum. The observations imply that the emission region was likely relativistically beamed toward us and that variations in its motion are responsible for the observed spectral variability.
The Laplacian Spectrum of a Graph II

Let G be a graph. Denote by D(G) the diagonal matrix of its vertex degrees and by A(G) its adjacency matrix. Then L(G) = D(G) - A(G) is the Laplacian matrix of G. The first section of this paper is devoted to properties of Laplacian integral graphs, those for which the Laplacian spectrum consists entirely of integers. The second section relates the degree sequence and the Laplacian spectrum through majorization. The third section introduces the notion of a d-cluster, using it to bound the multiplicity of d in the spectrum of L(G).
Climate Change-Induced Migration and its Implication for Green SMEs Development and Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria

Rural households adopt several measures in order to deal with climate variations and related environmental damages. This paper discusses migration as an adaptation to climate change and the potentials that this could hold for Green Small and Medium Enterprises (G-SMEs) development and rural livelihoods improvement. The research was carried out using the farming and rural systems approach in the rural areas of Nigeria. The results suggest that failing to give attention to the implications of climate change-induced migration could pose a developmental challenge. This therefore requires various policy options including those that favour the development and establishment of green SMEs to meet the needs of farm families in different socio-economic contexts.
Reintegration after bone marrow transplantation.

OBJECTIVES This study examines the problems of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) survivors in returning to "normal" life in the community after BMT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before being released from The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, 84 recipients of BMT were interviewed regarding their quality of life and psychosocial adaptation. Survivors were reinterviewed at 6 months, and at 1 year post-BMT, producing considerable qualitative data regarding their problems in living. Eighty-four patients who had received BMT completed qualitative interviews and standardized measures before treatment, before the return home, and at 6 and 12 months post-BMT. The interviews were subjected to a content analysis methodology to establish units and categories to examine the body of material. RESULTS Content analysis of these interviews from the first year after BMT identified three areas of psychosocial morbidity; 1) physical problems, which included fatigue, appearance, troubles in eating, and physical restrictions; 2) psychological problems, which included fears about the future, sense of loss of control, anxiety, and depression; and 3) community reintegration problems, which included difficulty in returning to former social roles, separation from home, family, and friends, difficulty in resuming social relations, dealing with stigmatization, problems with family and children, and financial and employment difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Identification of these problems for BMT survivors can be used to guide the development of specific materials and services to prepare recipients of BMTs and their families for life after the transplant. These qualitative results can also be used to direct the development of assessment tools to identify potential patient and family problems.
Optimization of UWB planar antennas using adaptive design specifications

A simulation-driven optimization framework for computationally efficient design of ultrawideband (UWB) antennas is presented. Our approach exploits coarsely-discretized electromagnetic (EM) simulations as a low-fidelity model of the antenna under consideration. This low-fidelity model is used as a prediction tool to find an approximate optimum design. The discrepancy between the low- and the high-fidelity models is accounted for by appropriate modifications of the design requirements. Efficiency of the presented technique is demonstrated through the design of an UWB monopole and an antipodal Vivaldi antenna.
How to adjust for comorbidity in survival studies in ESRD patients: a comparison of different indices.

BACKGROUND Many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have additional comorbid conditions. Differences in the presence and severity of these comorbid conditions can bias comparisons between treatment groups. Adjustment for prognostic factors can statistically counterbalance these differences. For this purpose, appropriate weighting of comorbid conditions is necessary. We evaluated three existing methods to score comorbidity in patients with ESRD and compared their ability to predict survival: the Khan, Davies, and Charlson indices. In addition, these three indices were compared with a new index that explicitly incorporates the severity grading of a number of comorbid diseases. METHODS In a large Dutch prospective multicenter study (Netherlands Co-operative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis-2), new patients with ESRD were included. Comorbidity was assessed at the start of dialysis therapy. Patient data were randomly allocated to a modeling or testing set. The new index was developed in the modeling set. All indices were evaluated in the testing set. RESULTS We obtained data for 1,205 patients. Of the three existing indices, the Charlson index had the best discriminating features, with a concordance c statistic of 0.71. The addition of severity grading of several comorbid conditions did not improve discrimination. After combining the comorbidity indices with age, all c statistics improved. These final values ranged from 0.72 to 0.75. CONCLUSION We conclude that the Khan, Davies, and Charlson scores are appropriate for expressing the prognostic impact of comorbidity on mortality risk in patients with ESRD provided sufficient adjustment for age is performed. Adding the severity grading of several comorbid conditions will not lead to improved prognostic power.
Mobile phone for financial inclusiveness and empowerment: a case study of anchor borrowers programme

It is an unarguable fact that there exists a gender gap in access to financial services in developing countries. Lack of financial access leads to the inability of women to properly participate in both economic as well as social activities in their immediate societies. In this paper, we propose an investigation into how mobile phones can contribute towards financial inclusiveness and empowerment of female farmers in an insurgency-ravaged community in Nigeria. To this end, we propose an interpretive case study in order to understand the social context of mobile phone use by rural women who are engaged in farming activities, using Sen’s Capability Approach as our theoretical lens.
Current Status and Future Prospects of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has one of the highest death rates of any cancer in the world, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Early-stage diagnosis of HCC is thus crucial for medical treatment. Detection of tumor biomarkers is one of the main methods for the early diagnosis of HCC. At present, α-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most practical serum biomarker for HCC diagnosis. However, the diagnostic accuracy of HCC with serum AFP exhibits both sensitivity and specificity far below satisfaction, especially with small sizes of HCC. As a result, the discovery of new biomarkers and/or their combination to enhance both the sensitivity and specificity for laboratory diagnosis of HCC is a crucial goal. With the development of new technology and advances in research, a number of new and specific biomarkers of HCC have been discovered. These biomarkers and their applications for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis prediction of HCC, are reviewed in this article.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS BY NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION IN BUSIA COUNTY, KENYA

One of the critical problems concerning the projects by NGOs in Busia County is the frequent and lengthy delays that occur during implementation, the pace of change outstripping the original objectives of the project and balancing the competing project constraints which include, but are not limited to scope, quality, schedule, budget, resources, and risk. The current study seeks to establish the critical success factors in the implementation of NGO projects in Busia County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of communication; financing; local community involvement and staff training on the implementation of NGO projects within Busia County. A descriptive approach was adopted in which a target population of 96 participants was included in the study by answering to a structured questionnaire. The study found that there was a positive and significant relationship between communication; financing; local community involvement and staff training on the implementation of NGO projects. The findings indicated that communication had the most significant effect on implementation of NGO projects followed by financing, local community participation, and staff training. The study recommends for more communication with stakeholders at each of the project phases; sustainable financial practices for NGOs to be able to effectively implement projects in Busia County. Keywords : Communication, Financing, Local Community Involvement, Staff Training, Implementation of NGO Projects.