Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Pharmacist specialized care in Management of Congestive Heart Failure - A Brief Review

It is a critical clinical condition in which more abnormalities in cardiac structure and its functions may impact the ineffectiveness of the heart to supply required oxygen to meet the cellular metabolic demands of the body. Heart is covered with protective layers and express the various functions in the body. Clinically cardiac disease prevalence rises with individual age. Cardiac dysfunction happens because of changes in blood volume, and neurohumoral transmission status. These desirable mechanisms to maintain adequate cardiac output and arterial blood pressure. The neurohumoral responses act as compensatory mechanisms and provokes heart failure by increasing ventricular after load and increasing preload,which further elevates the cardiac failure. Health care system with a clinical pharmacist is well allocated to impact the disease management through identification of risk factors, stage of severity, educating the patients and health care practioners and implementing the awareness programmes, modification of life style interventions with in health care system beneficial to the community may reduce the progression of disease severity.
Die Rezidivstenose nach offener Carotis – TEA, nach Carotis – Eversions – TEA und nach Carotis – PTA

Zielsetzung: Ziel dieser Studie ist es die Rezidivraten der ACI (Arteria carotis interna) nach verschiedenen chirurgischen Operationstechniken [Direktnaht, Patchplastik (autolog oder alloplastisch) und Eversion], sowie der minimal - invasiven Carotis – PTA mit Stentimplantation zu vergleichen und zu bewerten. Methoden Die Literaturquellen wurden durch Datenbankrecherchen (Medline® und Serfile®) aus den Jahren 1953 - 2007 ermittelt. Es wurden 61 Arbeiten ausgewahlt, die ein Patientenkollektiv von 28.196 Patienten umfassen. Die Daten wurden mittels eines standardisierten Dokumentationsbogens analysiert. Ergebnisse / Diskussion Die 61 Arbeiten wurden im Sinne einer Metaanalyse ausgewertet. Statistische Auswertungen wurden bezuglich der Mittelwerte und Standardabweichungen der Rezidivraten der ACI pro Technik berechnet. Von den 61 Arbeiten befassen sich 19 Arbeiten mit der Direktnaht, 15 Arbeiten mit der autologen Patchplastik, 24 mit der alloplastischen Patchplastik, 17 mit der Eversions – TEA und 22 mit der PTA + Stentimplantation. Auffallig ist die grose Schwankungsbreite der Direktnaht (1,13% - 34,07%) und der PTA mit Stentimplantation (1,71% - 45,16%). Der berechnete Mittelwert der Rezidivstenoserate nach Direktnaht betragt 10,2%, nach autologer Patchplastik 3,63%, nach alloplastischer Patchplastik 5,08%, nach Eversion 3,83% und nach PTA + Stent 12,43%. Schlussfolgerungen / Ausblick Zusammenfassend kann man feststellen, dass die TEA mit Patchplastik (autolog oder alloplastisch), sowie die Eversions - TEA positivere Ergebnisse hat als die Direktnaht. Die Direktnaht hat wegen der schlechten Ergebnisse bei der TEA an Bedeutung verloren. Die PTA mit Stentimplantation kann noch nicht abschliesend bewertet werden, da die heute zur Verfugung stehenden Studien in erster Linie retrospektiv und nicht prospektiv randomisiert durchgefuhrt worden sind. Die interventionelle Behandlung der Carotisstenosen wird noch durch entsprechende Studien und Studienergebnisse bewertet werden mussen.
Oral health strategy for the older people in social protection centers in Villavicencio, Colombia

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and to implement an oral health educational strategy that targeted an older population residing in three social protection centers (SPC) in Villavicencio, Colombia. Design/methodology/approach The first phase consisted in determining the oral health of older citizens in the SPC. To do this, the research group gathered patients’ personal information and indices. The second phase consisted in the development of an educational strategy based on the population’s requirements. The educational strategy, focusing on oral hygiene and denture care, was implemented for the older people and their caregivers. The third and final phase consisted in the research group measuring the effect of the designed strategy by repeating oral diagnoses for the older people six months after strategy implementation. Findings The results of the assessment indicated that implementing a strategy to strengthen oral hygiene care was positive, given that statistically significant reductions were observed in the soft plaque index and the Gingival Index (p<0.05). Research limitations/implications As a result of the complexity of the population, the data obtained after the strategy was implemented were significantly reduced. However, these results indicate that an educational strategy can have an effect on this type of population. Originality/value Implementing a strategy that promotes oral hygiene education and brushing skills, fosters good oral behavior and helps the older people in SPC to remember the information taught, thus contributing to their oral hygiene.
Effect of GNAQ alteration on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in human non-small-cell lung cancer

Aims Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key molecule that is expressed in bone stromal cells and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers. However, cancer cells that directly express RANKL have yet to be unveiled. The current study sought to evaluate how a single subunit of G protein, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (GNAQ), transforms cancer cells into RANKL-expressing cancer cells. Methods We investigated the specific role of GNAQ using GNAQ wild-type cell lines (non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines; A549 cell lines), GNAQ knockdown cell lines, and patient-derived cancer cells. We evaluated GNAQ, RANKL, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and protein kinase B (Akt) signalling in the GNAQ wild-type and the GNAQ-knockdown cells. Osteoclastogenesis was also evaluated in both cell lines. Results In the GNAQ-knockdown cells, RANKL expression was significantly upregulated (p < 0.001). The expression levels of M-CSF were also significantly increased in the GNAQ-knockdown cells compared with control cells (p < 0.001). GNAQ knockdown cells were highly sensitive to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and showed significant activation of the NF-κB pathway. The expression levels of RANKL were markedly increased in GNAQ mutant compared with GNAQ wild-type in patient-derived tumour tissues. Conclusion The present study reveals that the alterations of GNAQ activate NF-κB pathway in cancers, which increase RANKL and M-CSF expression and induce osteoclastogenesis in cancers. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(1):29–35.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events and Statin Use: A Large Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

OF THESIS GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING EVENTS AND STATIN USE: A LARGE PROPENSITY SCORE-MATCHED RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY Literature is conflicting regarding the association between statin use and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This study sought to determine whether there is an association between statin use and GI bleeding by comparing incidence of gastrointestinal events between statin users and an active comparator group. Data was obtained from a large administrative claims database composed of subjects enrolled in a selection of insurance plans throughout the United States from 2009-2014. New statin users (exposed) and thyroid medication users (active comparator, unexposed) were followed from the baseline period (one year prior to medication initiation) until first event, discontinuation, or disenrollment. Subjects were matched using a propensity score based on demographics, comorbidities, healthcare utilization, and medication use. Odds of gastrointestinal events, including GIH, gastroduodenal (GD) ulcer, and gastritis/duodenitis were compared between groups. The final analysis included 1,442,954 statin users matched using a 1:1 algorithm with replacement to thyroid medication users. Frequency of GIH in the unexposed group was 0.56±0.01% and frequency in the low, moderate, and high-intensity statin users group was 0.81±0.03%, 0.91±0.02%, and 0.90±0.05% respectively (p<0.002). Statin users had 1.81 times the rate of GIH compared to the active comparator group (HR 1.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76-1.86). Hazard ratios for GD ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis events were 1.13 (CI 0.618-2.05) and 1.19 (CI 0.796-1.80) respectively. Practitioners should consider these trends when prescribing statins in patients at highrisk of bleeding. Additional research is needed to verify the association between statins and GIH.
Is “Localness” about Distance or Relationships? Evidence from Hard Cider

Abstract While many studies have evaluated consumer demand for local foods, fewer studies have focused on the mechanism that has created the positive willingness-to-pay for local foods. This article compares the role of geographic distance and attachment value in consumer preferences for locally produced hard cider. Consumer valuations are estimated via a “branded” discrete choice experiment where the respondents chose between an in-state hard cider, an out-of-state hard cider, and a no buy option. Our measure of travel distance is based on the optimal driving route between each consumer's GPS location and the locations of the cideries while our attachment value measure is based on social capital theory. This allows us to analyze individual-specific travel distance heterogeneity in consumer choice as it relates to attachment value. Based on a latent class logit model estimated from a discrete choice experiment with 441 participants, we show that attachment value is higher for a cider produced within the state than for a cider produced outside the state. Furthermore, we show that increases in attachment value increase demand for locally produced hard cider more than an equal increase in attachment value for non-locally produced hard cider. Our findings are consistent with “local” preferences based on geopolitical boundaries (e.g., the state of Michigan) and not distance. (JEL Classifications: B55, M3, Q13, C83)
El problema mente-cuerpo y el dualismo naturalista: bases para considerar rechazar un acercamiento naturalista y reconsiderar seriamente un acercamiento fenomenológico al problema de la conciencia

The present paper aims at setting an hermeneutic analysis of the main concepts Chalmers’ interpretation on the mind-body problem is built upon. Our reflection aims at criticizing Chalmers’ position and given that the structure of his interpretation reflects a philosophical tradition; that is, it reproduces a type of approach, we believe that the ineffectiveness of his approach is reason enough to reconsider another type of approach towards the same problem: the one provided by the phenomenological tradition.
Relationship of Fetal Liver Volume with Estimated Fetal Weight and Gestational Age: A 2-Dimensional Ultrasonographic Study of Normal Nigerian Fetuses

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fetal liver volume (FLV) and, estimated fetal weight (EFW) and gestational age (GA). Patients and Methods: Liver volumes were prospectively measured by a single sonographer in 1847 apparently normal singleton fetuses between 20weeks and 41weeks gestational age using two-dimensional ultrasonography. The pregnant women who were evaluated were those who underwent obstetric ultrasound scan between January 2011 and September 2012. The means ± standard deviations of FLV and EFW were obtained for each completed weeks of gestation. The relationships between FLV and, EFW and estimated GA were expressed graphically with EFW and estimated GA plotted on the vertical axis and FLV on the horizontal axis. Trend lines and regression equations expressing the relationship between EFW and FLV, and estimated GA and FLV were inserted in the graphs. Results: The mean FLV was 9.27 ± 0.81cm 3 at 20 weeks and 110.71 ± 3.95cm 3 at 41 weeks. The mean EFW was 188 ± 5g at 20 weeks and 4650 ± 988g at 41 weeks GA. There was a steady linear increase in values of FLV with increasing EFW and GA. Strong positive correlations were found between FLV and EFW, GA and other biometric parameters (p < 0.05). The derived linear relationships could be used to estimated fetal weight and GA from FLV starting from 20 weeks GA. Conclusion: This study has established linear relationships between estimated fetal weight and gestational age, and fetal liver volume. These findings demonstrate that fetal weight and gestational age can be estimated from 20 weeks using the regression equations obtained in this study. While ultrasound measurement of fetal abdominal parameters can be used to estimated fetal weight and identify growth-restricted fetus, we are of the opinion that fetal liver volume by two-dimensional ultrasonography can also be used for the same purpose.
Surface Bonding Graphene-Based Elastomeric Sensor: Preliminary Characterization of Adhesion Strength

This research intends to propose a structural integration methodology for a strain sensor based on nano-filled elastomer and its preliminary bonding strength characterization. To provide a good strength adhesion onto a structural component, a special mould was designed, made of Acrilonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material and realised with a 3D printing. This specific texture provided the lower surface of the elastomer (PDMS-matrix) with a special micro voids allowing for the adhesive penetration. The electrodes were made by simple conductive paste. To have a chemically compliant coupling between the elastomer and this paste, an off-the-shelf cheap neutral silicone was used. This paste was then made conductive by adding a low-cost graphite powder, obtained from a pencil lead. The test was realized with an aluminium beam in cantilever configuration. The load were applied at the free edge by means of calibrated masses of increasing weights. For each mass, the values of tip displacement and the resistance provided by the nano-filled elastomer and a reference strain gauge were logged for a set of 10 cycles. Obtained data clearly revealed that, all sensors exhibit coherent readouts with respect to the reference strain gauges and a quasi linear sensitivity curve in the whole range.
Case Report: Fever of Unknown Origin —An Unusual Presentation for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

A 61-year-old male initially presented with fever of unknown origin. He had extensive work-up over two years including an infectious diseases panel, autoimmune studies, and Rheumatology and Hematology evaluations. The patient was initially diagnosed with Adult Still’s disease and underwent an out-patient right nodal fine-needle aspiration that was indeterminate. After continued failure of treatment for Adult Still’s disease, the patient had surgical resection of a right axillary lymph node that yielded the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Further work-up revealed Epstein-Barr virus positivity, the possible trigger behind his mutation for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its uncommon presentation. The patient met criteria for central nervous system prophylaxis and received multiple administrations throughout his therapy. He ultimately expired following recurrence of his disease at its initial site but without central nervous system involvement. We report an uncommon presentation of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This lymphoma can have numerous, vague presentations requiring a broad differential diagnosis and may lead to multiple evaluations prior to an ultimate diagnosis. We will also discuss the need for central nervous system prophylaxis, how this patient is qualified for prophylaxis, and how central nervous system prophylaxis benefits, harms, or does not affect patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Optimal dose of dexmedetomidine for sedation during epidural anesthesia

Background: Sedation during epidural anesthesia can reduce patients’ anxiety and discomfort. Dexmedetomidine has sedative, hypnotic, and analgesic effects, with minimal respiratory depression. However, the use of dexmedetomidine is associated with prolonged recovery. This study investigated the optimal dose of intravenous dexmedetomidine for proper sedation with minimal recovery time in epidural anesthesia. Methods: Sixty-three patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II) were randomized into two groups. Following epidural anesthesia, a loading dose (1 g/kg) of dexmedetomidine was administered for 10 min followed by maintenance infusion as follows: Group A (n = 32; dexmedetomidine 0.6 g/kg/h) and Group B (n = 31; dexmedetomidine 1.0 g/kg/h). Heart rate, blood pressure, and bispectral index score (BIS) were recorded during surgery. The length of stay and modified Aldrete score (MAS) were measured in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Results: Length of stay in the PACU was longer in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05). The MAS was higher in Group A after 30 min in the PACU (P < 0.05). The BIS did not significantly differ between the two groups from baseline to 150 min after infusion of dexmedetomidine. BIS values were significantly higher in Group A at 160 min (P < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure in Group B was significantly lower in the PACU. Conclusions: A dexmedetomidine loading dose of 1 g/kg/10 min followed by a maintenance dose of 0.6 g/kg/h was appropriate for surgery with a duration of 120 min or longer. (Anesth Pain Med 2017; 12: 261-265)
Immunotherapy and pseudoprogression in lung adenocarcinoma

A 59-year-old woman with EGFR, ALK and PD-L1 negative metastatic lung adenocarcinoma presented with progressive disease under platinum-based chemotherapy (Figure 1; panel A). Nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, was initiated as second-line therapy and administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Chest CT scan after 5 cycles showed progressive disease. As an excellent performance status and treatment tolerance were maintained, nivolumab was continued. Imaging after 8 cycles again showed progression (Figure 1; panel B), but the patient remained asymptomatic; hence, treatment was pursued. CT following 11 cycles showed significant tumor regression, thus confirming initial pseudoprogression. Radiologic stability persisted as the patient received her 34 cycle (Figure 1; panel C). Since the introduction of immunotherapy in oncology, cases have been described of initial progression followed by treatment response under the RECIST and WHO criteria. This unique response pattern led to the establishment of immune-related response criteria to better identify responders and non-responders under immunotherapy. However, to date, limited data investigating the usefulness of functional imaging such as PET-CT in monitoring response to immunotherapy are available. As pseudoprogression is infrequent, its underlying pathophysiology remains uncertain. Hypotheses include tumoral immune cell infiltration as part of the enhanced immune response, as biopsies of pseudoprogressive neoplastic lesions revealed the presence of inflammatory cells, including T lymphocytes, as well as necrotic tissue. Following regression, an absence of tumoral cells was also noted. True progression followed by regression of tumoral burden, through a late effective immune response, is considered as another hypothesis. If absence of PD-L1 expression, as in our patient, can contribute to such a delayed antitumoral immune response is another question of interest. Tumor response assessment in the era of immunotherapy is therefore a true challenge. Further studies are needed to better distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression. Alternative approaches must be explored, including functional imaging, biopsy and biomarkers.
Making Invisible Changes Visible: Animal Examples and the Communication of Biodiversity Loss

Communicating biodiversity loss and other environmental threats is never only about relating natural science data. How different environmental discourses are presented, how they intertwine, and what concepts of nature are implied, are important parts of environmental communication. The release of the 2015 Norwegian Red List for Species by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre was commented on by governmental and non-governmental organizations, and was covered quite extensively in Norwegian national and local papers. In this article, I investigate the use of animals as examples in media texts on the Norwegian Red List, and the different conceptions of biodiversity loss that they activate. The examples studied in the article vary from the listing of species’ names to longer narratives connected with a single species. What they have in common, however, is that the authors use them to make the general issue of the texts more real and understandable to the reader or listener. The conceptions of biodiversity, produced through animal examples in the various media, ranged from happiness and childhood magic, to a climate-changed future, and to recreational hunting. The close reading of the examples shows that both the choice of species and, more specifically, which of the species’ many relationships to portray as part of the exemplary narrative, is crucial to the conceptions of biodiversity loss and of nature that are conveyed to the public. Through their way of both exceeding and reducing the general statement they are meant to illustrate, the examples bring some ideas about biodiversity loss to the foreground, but at the same time obscure others, thus providing insight into how biodiversity loss is constructed and communicated as an environmental problem. Bjærke, Marit Ruge: “Making Invisible Changes Visible: Animal Examples and the Communication of Biodiversity Loss”, Culture Unbound, Volume 11, issue 3–4, 2019: 394–414. Published by Linköping University Electronic Press: http://www. cultureunbound.ep. liu.se
Rue and Brazilian peppertree essential oils inhibit the germination and initial development of the invasive plant lovegrass

ABSTRACT Lovegrass (Eragrostis plana) is the most important invasive plant in pastures of southern Brazil. The research evaluated the potential of Ruta graveolens (rue) and Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian peppertree) essential oils (EOs) to inhibit germination and initial development of lovegrass. The in vitro treatments tested were control (distilled water), alcohol control, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1% (v/v) of both EOs. Higher concentrations of these EOs were applied to germinated plants under greenhouse conditions. The EOs of both species were effective in reducing lovegrass germination, with emphasis on rue. Height and shoot dry mass, at greenhouse conditions, were significantly reduced by both EOs, especially when applied at a concentration of 1%. The results point to the potential of rue and Brazilian peppertree EOs for the formulation of natural herbicides.