Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konservatisme akuntansi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji pengaruh faktor ukuran perusahaan, risiko perusahaan, intensitas modal, pajak, komite audit, kepemilikan manajerial dan risiko litigasi terhadap konservatisma akuntansi. Data penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dari Bursa Efek Indonesia dan data harga saham harian dari Yahoo Finance. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 192 data observasi. Pengujian penelitian menggunakan statistik deskriptif, asumsi klasik dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan, risiko perusahaan, risiko perusahaan, risiko litigasi, debt covenant, komite audit, kepemilikan manajerial tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap konservatisma akuntansi. Variabel pajak dan intensitas modal berpengaruh negative terhadap konservatisma akuntansi.
An experimental and numerical study of airflow behaviour in a low-voltage concentric-wound machine

This paper discusses the potential thermal improvements in a low-voltage concentric-wound machine by modifying the airflow paths in the end-windings. Two machines were built and tested by means of heat runs. One machine had a non-uniform array of predominantly blocked end-winding gaps at both ends of the machine. The second machine had modifications to ensure fully unblocked end-winding gaps at both ends of the machine. The selective blocking of the gaps made it possible to evaluate the impact of each stator end-winding modification. CFD simulations of the complete set of design variants were carried out using the ANSYS CFD package. The introduction of end-winding gaps had a positive effect on both stator and rotor temperatures. The various changes in flow patterns observed from CFD were correlated to the test results to provide explanations of the cooling dynamics.
The Analgesic Efficacy of Patient-Controlled Ropivacaine Instillation After Cesarean Delivery

To assess the efficacy and safety of wound instillation of ropivacaine, when administered via a patient-controlled elastometric pump, 50 term parturients undergoing cesarean delivery were enrolled into this prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. In all cases, a standard spinal anesthetic was administered. After the surgery, a multihole 20-gauge epidural catheter (B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) was placed above the fascia such that the tip was sited at the point that demarcated 50% of the length of the surgical wound. Thereafter, the catheter was connected to the elastometric pump. According to a computer-generated randomization schedule, the pump was filled with either ropivacaine 0.2% (Ropivacaine Group) or an equal volume of sterile water (Control Group). Postoperatively, patient-controlled analgesia was administered via the elastometric pump. During the first 6 postoperative hours, a coinvestigator administered “rescue” morphine (2 mg, IV). Thereafter, “rescue” dipyrone (1 g) was administered on patient request. In a subset of 10 patients, blood ropivacaine levels were assessed. Compared with the Control Group, significantly fewer patients in the Ropivacaine Group received “rescue” morphine (92% vs 48%, respectively) (P < 0.01). The total “rescue” morphine administered during the first 6 postoperative hours was 2 ± 3 mg vs 10 ± 5 mg (P < 0.01) for the Ropivacaine and Control Groups, respectively. Patient-generated resting pain scores were similar between the groups. However, pain scores generated after coughing and leg raise were significantly (P < 0.04) less in the Ropivacaine Group. More patients in the Ropivacaine Group than in the Control Group described their analgesia as good or excellent. In the subset of patients (n = 10) studied, unbound ropivacaine blood levels were below the toxic threshold (600 ng/mL). However, blood ropivacaine accumulation was noted. All patients stated that the elastometric pump was easy to use. Ropivacaine wound instillation via an elastometric pump is a simple technique that provides safe and effective analgesia after cesarean delivery. Implications Ropivacaine wound instillation via an elastometric pump is a simple technique that provides safe and effective analgesia after cesarean delivery.
Direct patch recording from identified presynaptic terminals mediating glutamatergic EPSCs in the rat CNS, in vitro.

1. An in vitro brainstem slice preparation of the superior olivary complex has been developed permitting patch recording from a presynaptic terminal (calyx of Held) and from its postsynaptic target‐‐the principal neurone of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). 2. The fluorescent stain DiI (1,1'‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3',3'‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) was used in fixed tissue and Lucifer Yellow in living slices, to identify calices enclosing single MNTB neuronal somata. 3. Whole‐cell recording from the MNTB neurone shows evoked EPSCs preceded by a prespike, corresponding to the presynaptic action potential (AP). In some cases one patch pipette recorded from both pre‐ and postsynaptic elements, but confirmation of exclusively presynaptic recording was obtained using pipettes containing Lucifer Yellow in a further eleven cases. 4. Under current clamp, the pre‐ and postsynaptic sites could be distinguished by their response to step depolarizations; presynaptic terminals generated a train of APs at frequencies up to 200 Hz, while MNTB neurones gave a single AP. Each presynaptic AP had an after‐hyperpolarization lasting less than 2 ms. 5. Under voltage clamp, step depolarizations of presynaptic terminals generated a tetrodotoxin‐sensitive inward current followed by rapidly activating outward potassium currents at potentials more positive than ‐60 mV. The outward current exhibited little inactivation over the 150 ms steps and 4‐aminopyridine (200 microM) blocked 63.0 +/‐ 14.5% (mean +/‐ S.D., n = 3) of the sustained current at 0 mV. Like the squid giant synapse, mammalian terminals express rapidly activating ‘delayed rectifier’‐type potassium currents.
A potential prognostic biomarker SPC24 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in lung cancer

Results SPC24 is over-expressed in clinical lung adenocarcinoma samples, and high level of SPC24 is associated with advanced stages of lung tumors. Knocking down SPC24 repressed cell growth and promoted apoptosis. SPC24 deficiency reduced cancer cell migration as well. E-cadherin, one of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, was up-regulated in the knockdown cells, along with down-regulation of N-cadherin and Vimentin. Oncomine expression analyses further confirmed that high level of SPC24 is associated with tumors from smokers, recurrent patients, or patients with shorter survivals. Purpose and methods To reveal the role of SPC24, an important component of kinetochore, in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer, we performed Oncomine and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses for SPC24 in human lung adenocarcinoma tumors. We knocked down SPC24 in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, PC9 and A549, by siRNA and evaluated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in the SPC24-deficient cells. Using a mouse xenograft model, we compared in vivo tumor growth of the knockdown and control cells. We further performed multiple Oncomine expression analyses for SPC24 in various lung cancer datasets with important clinical characteristics and risk factors, including survival, recurrence, and smoking status. Conclusions SPC24 is a novel oncogene of lung cancer, and can serve as a promising prognostic biomarker to differentiate lung tumors that have various clinicopathological characteristics. The findings of the current study will benefit the diagnosis, management, and targeted therapy of lung cancer.
Macrophage proliferation and apoptosis in atherosclerosis

Purpose of review Atherosclerosis is driven by cardiovascular risk factors that cause the recruitment of circulating immune cells beneath the vascular endothelium. Infiltrated monocytes differentiate into different macrophage subtypes with protective or pathogenic activities in vascular lesions. We discuss current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that regulate lesional macrophage proliferation and apoptosis, two processes that occur during atherosclerosis development and regulate the number and function of macrophages within the atherosclerotic plaque. Recent findings Lesional macrophages in early phases of atherosclerosis limit disease progression by phagocytizing modified lipoproteins, cellular debris and dead cells that accumulate in the plaque. However, macrophages in advanced lesions contribute to a maladaptive, nonresolving inflammatory response that can lead to life-threatening acute thrombotic diseases (myocardial infarction or stroke). Macrophage-specific manipulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis modulates lesional macrophage accumulation and atherosclerosis burden in mouse models, and studies are beginning to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Summary Despite recent advances in our understanding of macrophage proliferation and apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques, it remains unclear whether manipulating these processes will be beneficial or harmful. Advances in these areas may translate into more efficient therapies for the prevention and treatment of atherothrombosis.
Managing Media Influence Operations: Lessons from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

The history of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) suggests principles useful for the successful management of information programs intended to influence foreign audiences in ways that support the interests of the United States. Many of these principles apply to any foreign information program, regardless of the degree of openness or source of funds. Some also apply specifically to U.S. government covert efforts. RFE and RL were overseen and funded by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1949 until 1972, when Congress transferred them to public
A Clinical Decision Rule Identifies Risk Factors Associated With Antimicrobial-Resistant Urinary Pathogens in the Emergency Department

Background: Identifying patients at high risk for multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) is important for guiding empirical antimicrobial therapy. Clinical risk factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant urinary pathogens and the derivation of a simple clinical decision rule could help define health care–associated UTI. Objective: To derive a simple clinical decision rule to identify clinical risk factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant urinary pathogens. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of all emergency department (ED) patients from July 1, 2011, to July 1, 2012, who presented to the ED with UTI and a positive urine culture. Candidate risk factors were collected retrospectively from medical record review. We compared differences in patient characteristics stratified by the presence of an antimicrobial-resistant urinary pathogen. Results: A total of 360 patients with UTI had a positive, noncontaminated urine culture during the study period. About 6.7% of patients (n = 24) had a multidrug-resistant (MDR) urinary infection. Logistic regression modeling identified 3 clinical factors associated with the identification of a MDR pathogen: male sex, chronic hemodialysis, and nursing home residence. A scoring system was created to identify patients with MDR pathogens. Test characteristics were calculated using bootstrapping for internal validation, with a sensitivity of 74.7% (95% CI = 55.1%-91.3%) and specificity of 85.1% (95% CI = 77.8%-86.2%), positive likelihood ratio of 4.3, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.3. Conclusions: Clinical factors can be used to identify UTI patients at high risk of MDR urinary pathogens.
Postischemic vasodilation in human forearm is dependent on endothelium-derived nitric oxide.

Although endothelium-derived nitric oxide contributes to basal vascular tone, little is known about its role in regulating blood flow during changes in metabolic supply and demand. We examined the contribution of endothelium-derived nitric oxide to reactive hyperemia in the forearm of 20 normal subjects (12 women, 8 men) aged 27 +/- 4 yr (means +/- SD), using the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Forearm ischemia was induced by suprasystolic blood pressure cuff inflation for 5 min, and the subsequent hyperemic flow was recorded for 5 min using venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography. The efficacy of nitric oxide blockade was tested by comparing the dose-response relationship to the endothelium-dependent agonist, acetylcholine (3, 10, and 30 mg/min), before and after intra-arterial infusion of up to 2,000 mg/min of L-NMMA. L-NMMA produced a significant downward and rightward shift in the dose-response relationship to acetylcholine and a 39% reduction in response to the maximum dose (P < 0.001). In the presence of L-NMMA, peak hyperemic flow was reduced 16% (26.5 +/- 2.1 to 22.3 +/- 1.5 ml.min-1.100 ml of forearm-1, P < 0.03), and the minimum forearm vascular resistance was increased 22.8% (3.5 +/- 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg.ml-1.min.100 ml, P < 0.02). Total hyperemia, calculated from the area under the flow vs. time curve, at 1 and 5 min after cuff release was 17 and 23% less, respectively (13.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 11.3 +/- 1.1 and 31.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 24.6 +/- 1.8 ml/100 ml, P < 0.002), following L-NMMA. These data suggest that endothelium-derived nitric oxide plays a role in both reactive hyperemia and in the maintenance of the hyperemic response following ischemia in the forearm.
Comparison of hospital performance in trauma vs emergency and elective general surgery: implications for acute care surgery quality improvement.

HYPOTHESES As emergency general surgery (EMGS) and trauma care are increasingly being provided by the same personnel with overlapping resources, we postulated that the quality of care provided to EMGS and trauma patients would be similar. We also evaluated the relationship between trauma and elective general surgery (ELGS) care, believing that performance would be similar across these services as it reflects institutional culture. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study comparing hospital performance in trauma and EMGS care and in trauma and ELGS care. Regression models for mortality and serious morbidity were constructed for trauma, EMGS, and ELGS hospitals contributing to both the National Trauma Data Bank (2007) and American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005-2008). SETTING Forty-six hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correlations of observed to expected ratios were examined. Outlier status (hospitals with CIs of observed to expected ratios excluding 1.0) was compared using weighted . RESULTS There was no significant relationship between trauma and EMGS mortality (r=-0.01, P=.94; =-0.10, P=.61) or between trauma and ELGS mortality (r=0.23, P=.12; =0.07, P=.62). There was no significant relationship between trauma and EMGS morbidity (r=0.21, P=.17; =0.04, P=.63) or between trauma and ELGS morbidity (r=0.16, P=.30; =0.11, P=.37). No hospitals were consistently low or high outliers across all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS Trauma performance improvement programs are well established compared with those for EMGS. Although EMGS patients use similar structures and processes as trauma patients, there is a lack of correlation between the quality of care provided to trauma and EMGS patients; EMGS should be incorporated into trauma performance improvement programs.
Breast-feeding and infant mortality in Norway 1860–1930

Summary Using medical records from maternity clinics in the two Norwegian cities Oslo and Bergen, the effect of lactation on infant mortality during the period 1860–1930 is examined, comparing those who were and were not breastfed in a total of about 6900 live born infants. The mortality of children not breast-fed was nearly three times that of those who were breast fed. In a Cox regression analysis the infant's year of birth and the mother's marital status were found to influence mortality in addition to lactation. Children born to unmarried mothers experienced a mortality about twice that of those born to married mothers, both during on-going lactation and in the absence of lactation, up to about 1915. Children born in Oslo had a slightly higher mortality than those born in Bergen. The duration of lactation was found to have a continuing protective effect on infant survival after weaning—the longer the duration, the lower the mortality after cessation of lactation.
Age-Related Changes of Vitamin A Status

Ageing is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The ageing process is known to be associated with increased oxidative stress and an increased risk for cardiovascular and other diseases, such as cancer. To delay this process, therapeutic strategies involving the use of naturally occurring antioxidants, such as vitamin A, have gained considerable interest. Therefore, we wanted to investigate in a model of mammalian ageing whether changes in tissue and plasma levels of vitamin A occur with increasing age. This would constitute a prime rationale for its dietary supplementation. Experiments were performed in three different age groups (4–6 months old, 19 months old, 32–35 months old) of F1 (F344 × BN) healthy male rats that were fed a normal diet without any additional supplementation. Vitamin A and carotenoids in plasma and major organs were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In 3-year-old rats, vitamin A levels were found to be decreased in plasma (P < 0.0001) as compared with young and middle-aged animals. However, they were markedly increased in the main storage organ (ie, the liver) (P < 0.01–0.0001), and also in the aortic vessel wall. They were undetectable in the heart, irrespective of age. Increased tissue levels of vitamin A, especially in the vasculature, may be part of an age-associated self-regulatory process of adaptation, possibly as a counter-regulation against oxidative tissue damage. Based upon the assumption that in elderly humans, as in our animal model, a similar demand-regulated mechanism may work independently of additional dietary vitamin A supplementation, one may question the strategy of large clinical interventional trials using vitamin A or its derivatives beyond normal dietary intake.
Isolated Headache as the Presenting Clinical Manifestation of Intracranial Tumors: A Prospective Study

We prospectively studied over two years the incidence of headache as the initial and isolated clinical manifestation of adult patients suffering from intracranial tumors (n = 183). Fifteen patients (8%) exhibited headache as their first and isolated clinical manifestation. Age, sex, neoplasm localization, or pathological diagnosis did not correlate with the presence of headache. Posterior fossa location and hydrocephalus, though not reaching statistical significance, were more frequent in patients who presented with headache as the first symptom. At the moment of diagnosis, 59 (31%) of the patients admitted to headache, though only I out of the 15 patients starting as headache still had this symptom as the only manifestation. From our experience in adults, isolated headache for longer than 10 weeks will only exceptionally be secondary to an intracranial neoplasm.
Evaluer l’état de santé des poissons : la pierre angulaire manquante dans l'évaluation et la gestion des risques écologiques

La croissance de la population humaine et l'intensification des activites associees exercent une pression considerable sur les ecosystemes marins cotiers. Afin d’evaluer l’impact des activites humaines sur ces ecosystemes, des efforts considerables ont ete consacres au developpement de biomarqueurs. En depit d'un potentiel pour une large gamme d'applications, les biomarqueurs les plus couramment utilises ciblent des effets situes a des niveaux organisationnels faibles (molecules, cellules ou tissus) et tres peu sont susceptibles d'indiquer des impacts sur des niveaux organisationnels superieurs (organisme, population, ecosysteme). Or, ces derniers sont d'une pertinence considerable pour les activites humaines, l'economie et le bien-etre. Ils sont en effet le resultat integratif de l'histoire environnementale d'un organisme et, en meme temps, ils refletent leur vulnerabilite et leur resilience aux changements de leurs conditions de vie. Cette opinion a ete corroboree par la revision recente du concept de sante animale qui dorenavant, integre les effets latents des conditions de vie anterieures, les consequences des expositions et des experiences passees, ainsi que les consequences du cumul de ces effets. L’utilisation conjointe des marqueurs de hauts niveaux organisationnels et du concept de sante pourrait donc aider a fournir des informations ecologiquement pertinentes grâce a l’utilisation de biomarqueurs. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de ma these etaient 1) de developper une methodologie pour evaluer la sante des poissons, 2) d'etudier les mecanismes sous-jacents des performances mesurees et 3) de verifier l’applicabilite de cette approche a de nombreux contextes en s’appuyant sur deux etudes de cas. Au cours de ces recherches, nous avons demontre que la tolerance a l'hypoxie, la sensibilite a la temperature et les performances de nage sont des biomarqueurs fiables de la sante des poissons. Leurs reponses sont en effet stables dans le temps, predictives de la survie des poissons dans leur milieu naturel et sensibles a une exposition a un polluant. De plus, l'application de cette methodologie a des etudes de cas a demontre que notre approche est generalisable a differents contextes et qu'elle fournit des informations operationnelles facilement transferables aux secteurs socio-economiques et au grand public.
Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of an insertion sequence element (IS231) from Bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715.

This paper describes the structural organization of a repetitive DNA sequence isolated from plasmids of Bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. DNA sequence analysis of this repetitive sequence (RS) revealed all the characteristic features of an insertion sequence (IS). This 1656‐bp element is delineated by two 20‐bp inverted repeats which are flanked by two 11‐bp direct repeats. A long open reading frame spans almost the entire sequence and is preceded by potential transcriptional and translational signals. A structural homology was observed between this RS and the Escherichia coli IS4 element in the length of their direct repeats, the sequence of their inverted repeats and the sequence of their putative transposases. These data strongly suggest that this sequence is an authentic insertion sequence. Therefore the name IS231 is proposed for this first Bacillus IS element. Further relationships with other known IS sequences were also found and are discussed.