Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Framed Aloha Based Anti-Collision Algorithms for RFID Systems

The anti-collision algorithm is an important part of the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) system. Of the various possible algorithms, the Framed Aloha based (FA) algorithms have been most widely used due to their simplicity and robustness. Previous studies have focused mainly on the tag population estimation, choosing the frame size based on the classical results of Random Access (RA) systems. We show that a new theory is needed for algorithm design for RFID systems, because RFID and RA systems are fundamentally different. The Philips RFID system is studied in this paper. We model the reading process as a Markov Chain and derive the optimal reading strategy by first-passage-time analysis. The optimal frame sizes are derived analytically and numerically.
Homogeneous Magnetic Field Source For Attenuated Total Reflection

Abstract The paper is focused on the study of two-dimensional magnetic field distribution used for an analysis of samples containing magnetically active films by means of the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) method. The design of a proposed electromagnet and the magnetic field model computation are presented together with the results obtained from magnetic field distribution measurement. The ATR method can provide information about a thin film thickness, refractive index, and attenuation in addition to the perfunctory coupling of an optical wave into and off a waveguide [1, 2]. The prism coupling conditions are determined for magnetic structures with induced anisotropy. The prism - a film coupler is located in the central cavity of a magnetic yoke. By current switching in the coils, we can change the amplitude and magnetic field direction in order to modulate the induced anisotropy in a thin film with magnetic ordering. By the in-plane modulation of the magnetization direction in the samples, we can change the rotation and elasticity of outgoing light.
Improving the performance of switched diversity with post-examining selection

Switched diversity offers one of the lowest complexity solution for fading mitigation. The receiver employing switched combining schemes. seeks and uses an acceptable diversity path for data reception. However, when no acceptable path is found after all paths have been examined, the receiver ends up randomly choosing an unacceptable path. In this paper, we consider the performance improvement of switched combining schemes. In particular, we modify conventional multi-branch switch and examine combining (SEC) schemes in a way that the best path is selected when no acceptable path is found after all paths have been examined. We carry out a thorough performance versus complexity tradeoff study on the resulting scheme: SEC with post-examining selection and illustrate the study with some selected numerical examples.
Mobile Health and Fitness Apps: What Are the Privacy Risks?

There are several options for downloading health and fitness applications. However, it’s probably easiest, safest, and most common to use the App Store for iOS applications and Google Play for Android. You can search both by app name or type and can read about an app before you download it. You can find out what the app does (although not necessarily the exact information it collects), see sample screens—and sometimes videos of how an app operates--read user reviews, link to the developer’s website and link to other comparable apps.
Technical and economical considerations on super high-efficiency three-phase motors

Premium efficiency motors are now mandatory in North America, but new higher efficiency classes are being introduced. Motors of IE4 Super-Premium Efficiency Class are already available in the market, and a new IE5 Ultra-Premium Efficiency Class is being considered. Within the IE4 Super-Premium Class, Line-Start Permanent Magnet Motors (LSPM) are a recent entrance in the industrial motor market. Its steady-state performance is outstanding, but, as in all technologies, there are some associated issues, both for retrofitting or new applications. The LSPM efficiency can be measured according to input-output (or direct) method specified in the IEEE 112 or IEC 60034-2-1 standards, but, if the losses are to be segregated, for example to allow proper temperature correction, it is important to evaluate if the specified test methods can be applied to this sort of machine. Due to the significant promotion and penetration of variable-speed drives (VSDs) in industrial motor driven systems, the motor tolerance and operation limits to such devices are key aspects. The proposed IEC 60034-2-3 Standard specifies test methods for determining harmonic losses of VSD-fed motors, supplementing the methods intended for operation on sinusoidal supply. In this paper, the referred issues will be addressed in detail and experimental results on the application of the IEC60034-2-1&3 standards to IE2-, IE3- and IE4-class motors are presented and discussed, with the focus on the LSPM Super-Premium technology. A comparative technical and economical analysis on commercial IE2-, IE3- and IE4-class motors is presented, including a in-field example of replacement of a squirrel-cage induction motor by a LSPM.
Chase: Taming concurrent broadcast for flooding in asynchronous duty cycle networks

Asynchronous duty cycle is widely used for energy constraint wireless nodes to save energy. The basic flooding service in asynchronous duty cycle networks, however, is still far from efficient due to severe packet collisions and contentions. We present Chase, an efficient and fully distributed concurrent broadcast layer for flooding in asynchronous duty cycle networks. The main idea of Chase is to meet the strict signal timing and strength requirements (e.g., Capture Effect) for concurrent transmission while reducing contentions and collisions. We propose a distributed random inter-preamble packet interval adjustment approach to constructively satisfy the requirements. Even when requirements cannot be satisfied due to physical constraints (e.g., the difference of signal strength is less than a 3 dB), we propose a light-weight signal pattern recognition based approach to identify such a circumstance and extend radio-on time for packet delivery. We implement Chase in TinyOS and TelosB platform and extensively evaluate its performance. The implementation does not have any specific requirement on the hardware and can be easily extended to other platforms. The evaluation results also show that Chase can significantly improve flooding efficiency in asynchronous duty cycle networks.
Synthesis and Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation of Methyl L-Prolinate Hydrochloride: A Computational Insight

ABSTRACT In our present work, methyl L-prolinate hydrochloride has been synthesized from L-proline amino acid and characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectra via experimental and computational methods. Ab initio Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations have been made for the structure, and atomic charge distributions were also predicted for the title compound by using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Predicted vibrational frequencies have been assigned and compared with experimental Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectra. The thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy have been calculated at different temperatures. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy show the charge transfer behavior within the molecule.
Very High Frequency Resonant Boost Converters

This document presents a resonant boost topology suitable for very high frequency (VHF, 30-300 MHz) dc-dc power conversion. The proposed design features low device stress, high efficiency over a wide load range, and excellent transient performance. Two experimental prototypes have been built and evaluated. One is a 110 MHz, 23 W converter which uses a high performance rf LDMOSFET. The converter achieves higher than 87% efficiency at nominal input and output voltages, and maintains good efficiency down to 5% of full load. The second implementation, aimed towards integration, is a 50 MHz 17 W converter which uses a transistor from a 50 V integrated power process. In addition, two resonant gate drive schemes suitable for VHF operation are presented, both of which provide rapid startup and low-loss operation. Both converters regulate the output using high-bandwidth on-off hysteretic control, which enables fast transient response and efficient light-load operation. The low energy storage requirements of the converters allow the use of coreless inductors in both designs, thereby eliminating magnetic core loss and introducing the possibility of easy integration.
Optical bus waveguide metallic hard mold fabrication with opposite 45° micro-mirrors

In this paper, 3-to-3 metallic hard mold for optical bus waveguide with opposite 45° micro-mirrors was successfully fabricated using electroplating method. The optical bus waveguide pre-mold with 45° surfaces before electroplating was prepared using photopolymer SU-8 through tilted exposure process under de-ionized water. Metal nickel was electroplated into SU-8 defined bus waveguide trenches. The 45° slant angles can be well controlled through titled exposure, which have deviations of 0.15° and 0.27° for SU-8 pre-mold and Ni hard mold, respectively. This metallic hard mold provides a convenient way to fabricate the polymeric optical bus waveguide devices through imprint technique.
Past environmental and climatic changes during the last 7200 cal yr BP in Adamawa plateau (Northern-Cameroun) based on fossil diatoms and sedimentary carbon isotopic records from Lake Mbalang

Abstract. Past limnological conditions of Lake Mbalang (7°19′ N, 13°44′ E, altitude: 1130 m) and vegetation type were reconstructed from diatoms and sedimentary stable carbon isotope records (δ13C) since 7200 cal yr BP. The data showed that before 3600 cal yr BP, the water column was dominantly stable except around 5000–5300 cal yr BP where diatoms evidenced a mixed upper water layer and δ13C data suggest more forested vegetation in the landscape. These stable conditions can be explained by a strong monsoon flux and relatively northern position of the ITCZ that entailed high or low rainfall well distributed over the year, allowing the development of mountainous forest taxa. The decreasing trend of the monsoon flux towards the mid-Holocene was affected by several abrupt centennial to millennial-scale weakening at 6700, 5800–6000, 5000–5300, 4500 and 3600 cal yr BP. However, their impact on the vegetation is not visible, probably because rainfall distribution was favourable to forest maintenance or extension. After 3600 cal yr BP, the water column became very mixed as a result of more intense NE trade winds (Harmattan) that led at ~3000 cal yr BP to the establishment of savannah in the vegetation landscape. At that time, rainfall was probably reduced following the southward shift of the ITCZ, and the distribution of yearly rainfall was not favourable anymore to forest development. A strong seasonality with a marked dry season was established, conditions that maintained the savannah vegetation until today. Diatom data suggest the lake did not dry up during the last 7200cal yr BP; however, a low lake level observed at 2400–2100 cal yr BP is contemporaneous to a climatic event evidenced in several areas of tropical Africa and could correspond to the southernmost position of the ITCZ. Other low lake levels are observed at 1800 and 1400 cal yr BP, after which the lake rose to its present level.
Poster : Adaptive Disclosure Control System Using Detection of Sensitive Information in SNSs

Shimon Machida 1 Tomoko Kajiyama 2 Shigeru Shimada 3 Isao Echizen 1,4 1 The Graduate University for Advanced Studies 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8430 Japan 2 Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa, 252-5258 Japan 3 Tokyo Metropolitan University AIIT 1-10-40 Higashi Ohi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0011 Japan 4 National Institute of Informatics 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8430 Japan
Context Information based Cyber Security Defense of Protection System

Summary form only given. With the development of substation automation system, it is now feasible for the intelligent electronic devices (lEDs) based protection system to collect its measurements from electronic instrument transformers through communication network such as Ethernet based LAN. Application of wide area broadband network in power utilities introduces underlying danger for protection system to mal-operate when receiving fake data packages from intruder. This paper proposes to identify vicious fault using context information such as voltage and current of the same substation. When protection system detects fault based on measurements transmitted through network, it collects all measurements of the substation and feed these data to a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). Thereafter, the fault caused by fake data that differs from the known fault pattern can be identified and blocked.
Uncoupled Accelerometer Based GNSS Spoof Detection for Automobiles Using Statistic and Wavelet Based Tests

Low cost IMUs have shown potential for use in spoof detection of dynamic vehicles. IMUs represent independent sources of measurement that can be corroborated with accelerations derived from GNSS measurements. This work looks at statistical methods used in previous work in aircraft and investigates their use in spoof detection for cars. Although signatures in dynamics for cars are not as strong as they are in aircraft, there is agreement between both sources of measurement. The statistical methods previously used, however, are not yet robust to factors in the automobile environment contributing to false alarms. A method focused on the frequency content using wavelet coherence is introduced that has the potential to greatly simplify the operations necessary to compare acceleration signatures.
An Empirical Model of Firm Behaviour: a Dynamic Approach to Competence Accumulation and Strategic Behaviour an Empirical Model of Firm Behaviour: a Dynamic Approach to Competence Accumulation and Strategic Behaviour

The aim of this paper is to develop and implement an empirical model of firm behaviour. The data applied are patent applications taken out by 16 multinationals within telecommunications. The first dimension of the model deals with the strategic behaviour of firms. Second dimension deals with the accumulation of technological competencies, and finally a test of persistence and diversification in the technological profile of the single firm over time is carried out. Three types of results are reported: 1. For a small number of firms the process of accumulating technological competencies is very unstable leading to fragile competence bases. 2. The main part of the firms experience incremental accumulation of technological competencies over time even though the environment is highly dynamic. 3. For some firms the dynamics of the environment through competitor activities influence the accumulation of technological competencies to such a degree that the strategic intent is not reflected in the competence base. These findings support the theoretical argument that the resource-based view is too narrow and should include the dynamic effects imposed upon the firm by the environment in which the firm operates.
A Pseudoproxy Evaluation of the CCA and RegEM Methods for Reconstructing Climate Fields of the Last Millennium

Abstract Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is evaluated for paleoclimate field reconstructions in the context of pseudoproxy experiments assembled from the millennial integration (850–1999 c.e.) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model, version 1.4. A parsimonious method for selecting the order of the CCA model is presented. Results suggest that the method is capable of resolving multiple (3–13) climatic patterns given the estimated proxy observational network and the amount of observational uncertainty. CCA reconstructions are compared to those derived from the regularized expectation maximization method using ridge regression regularization (RegEM-Ridge). CCA and RegEM-Ridge yield similar skill patterns that are characterized by high correlation regions collocated with dense pseudoproxy sampling areas in North America and Europe. Both methods also produce reconstructions characterized by spatially variable warm biases and variance losses, particularly at high pse.
Observations of large wind shear above the marine boundary layer near 2 Point Buchon , CA 3 4 5 6

19 Particularly strong winds along the coast of southern California on 24 May 2012 were measured 20 by the Wyoming King Air research aircraft during the Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary 21 Layer Experiment (PreAMBLE). The fast flow is bounded laterally by the coastal topography 22 and vertically by a pronounced temperature inversion separating the cool, moist air in the marine 23 boundary layer (MBL) from the warm, dry air aloft. Many studies have investigated the response 24 of this two-layer flow to changes in the coastline by invoking hydraulic theory, which explains 25 the essential characteristics including changes in MBL depth and the attendant wind. 26 Processes occurring just above the MBL are important to the low-level thermodynamic 27 and kinematic structure. Observations on this day demonstrate how the large shear above the 28 MBL can impact the lower atmosphere. A typical two-layer system was observed north of Point 29 Buchon, which was supercritical. Around Point Buchon, the depth of the MBL decreased and 30 wind increased, characteristic of an expansion fan. As a result, the Richardson number becomes 31 reduced and favors shear instability that breaks down into turbulence. Observations indicate that 32 a secondary well-mixed layer develops above the MBL that is bounded by narrow layers of high 33 stability separating the secondary layer from the MBL below and the free troposphere above. It is 34 hypothesized that the secondary layer develops as a result of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, 35 although more targeted observations are needed to confirm or reject that hypothesis. 36
Discrete-time modelling and experimental validation of an all-digital PLL for clock-generating networks

In this paper, we derive a mathematical model of an All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) employing a time-to-digital phase detector. The model we suggest represents a nonlinear discrete-time map and provides significant benefits for the simulation of a single PLL, a network of PLLs or their design. In particular, the model allows us to take into account the jitter of the reference and local clocks and other noises. The mathematical model (the map) is then compared with a behavioural model implemented in MATLAB Simulink and displays identical results. The simulation of the mathematical and behavioural models are further compared with experimental measurements of a 65nm CMOS ADPLL and show a good agreement.
Cell Metabolism Review Mitohormesis

For many years, mitochondria were viewed as semiautonomous organelles, required only for cellular energetics. This view has been largely supplanted by the concept that mitochondria are fully integrated into the cell and that mitochondrial stresses rapidly activate cytosolic signaling pathways that ultimately alter nuclear gene expression. Remarkably, this coordinated response to mild mitochondrial stress appears to leave the cell less susceptible to subsequent perturbations. This response, termed mitohormesis, is being rapidly dissected in many model organisms. A fuller understanding of mitohormesis promises to provide insight into our susceptibility for disease and potentially provide a unifying hypothesis for why we age.
Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database.

OBJECTIVE Accurate information about preferred suicide methods is important for devising strategies and programmes for suicide prevention. Our knowledge of the methods used and their variation across countries and world regions is still limited. The aim of this study was to provide the first comprehensive overview of international patterns of suicide methods. METHODS Data encoded according to the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) were derived from the WHO mortality database. The classification was used to differentiate suicide methods. Correspondence analysis was used to identify typical patterns of suicide methods in different countries by providing a summary of cross-tabulated data. FINDINGS Poisoning by pesticide was common in many Asian countries and in Latin America; poisoning by drugs was common in both Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. Hanging was the preferred method of suicide in eastern Europe, as was firearm suicide in the United States and jumping from a high place in cities and urban societies such as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Correspondence analysis demonstrated a polarization between pesticide suicide and firearm suicide at the expense of traditional methods, such as hanging and jumping from a high place, which lay in between. CONCLUSION This analysis showed that pesticide suicide and firearm suicide replaced traditional methods in many countries. The observed suicide pattern depended upon the availability of the methods used, in particular the availability of technical means. The present evidence indicates that restricting access to the means of suicide is more urgent and more technically feasible than ever.
Position sensorless control method at zero speed region for permanent magnet synchronous motors using the neutral point voltage of stator windings

We propose a new sensorless control method that uses the neutral point voltage from stator windings in this paper. Each inductance of the three phase coils of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is slightly affected by the rotor magnet flux. As a result, the neutral point voltage also changes depending on the rotor position. The rotor position can be estimated by detecting the neutral point voltage even in the zero speed regions based on this principle. In addition to this, this method can be applied to non-saliency PMSMs. This paper presents the principle and the experimental results when using a small capacity PMSM without saliency.
EMI emissions of modern PWM AC drives

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise is defined as an unwanted electrical signal that produces undesirable effects in a control system, such as communication errors, degraded equipment performance and malfunction or nonoperation. This article provides a common understanding of the EMI issues and provides simple pre-installation and post-installation guidelines useful for all interested parries involved in the industry application of adjustable speed PWM invertor-fed AC motor drives.
Reinforcement learning in multi-dimensional state-action space using random rectangular coarse coding and gibbs sampling

This paper presents a coarse coding technique and an action selection scheme for reinforcement learning (RL) in multi-dimensional and continuous state-action spaces following conventional and sound RL manners. RL in high- dimensional continuous domains includes two issues: one is a generalization problem for value-function approximation, and the other is a sampling problem for action selection over multi-dimensional continuous action spaces. The proposed method combines random rectangular coarse coding with an action selection scheme using Gibbs-sampling. The random rectangular coarse coding is very simple and quite suited both to approximate Q-functions in high-dimensional spaces and to execute Gibbs sampling. Gibbs sampling enables us to execute action selection following Boltsmann distribution over high-dimensional action space.