Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D-band on-chip higher-order-mode dielectric-resonator antennas fed by half-mode cavity in CMOS technology

In this paper, on-chip higher-order-mode dielectric-resonator antennas (DRAs), fed by a half-mode-backed cavity structure using standard CMOS technology, are presented. With the dominant cavity mode (half-TEz100), the half-mode cavity-feeding structure provided a high antenna radiation efficiency. The dielectric resonators (DRs) were designed to operate at higher-order modes (TEx¿13, TEx¿15) to enhance the antenna gain. At around 135 GHz, the proposed antennas demonstrated measured gains of 6.2 dBi and 7.5 dBi for the TEx¿13 and TEx¿15 modes, respectively, with corresponding simulated radiation efficiencies of 46% and 42%. Both antennas had a measured impedance bandwidth of 7%. The proposed antennas not only accomplished high gain without occupying a large chip area, but also maintained comparable or even improved cost performance and simplicity over other on-chip antennas.
A Novel Late Embryogenesis Abundant Like Protein Associated with Chilling Stress in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow-2 Cell Suspension Culture*

Low temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of many important crops. To identify proteins associated with chilling stress in Nicotiana tabacum cv. bright yellow-2 (BY-2) cell suspension culture, we utilized a proteomic approach with two-dimensional electrophoresis to compare proteins from samples of treated with or without chilling treatment at 4 °C. One protein specifically more abundant in chilling treated sample was identified and designated as NtLEA7-3. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends gave rise to a full-length NtLEA7-3 cDNA with a complete open reading frame of 1267 bp, encoding a 322 amino acid polypeptide. Homology search and sequence multi-alignment demonstrated that the deduced NtLEA7-3 protein sequence shared a high identity with LEA-like proteins from other plants. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the NtLEA7-3 was localized exclusively in the nucleus. When the gene was overexpressed in bright yellow-2 cells, the transgenic bright yellow-2 cells show more resistant to chilling stress than the wild-type cells. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the NtLEA7-3 are much more resistant to cold, drought, and salt stresses. Interestingly, the expression of NtLEA7-3 in tobacco was not tissue-specific and induced by chilling, drought and salt stresses. All of these, taken together, suggest that NtLEA7-3 is worthwhile to elucidate the contribution of the proteins to the tolerance mechanism to chilling stress, and can be considered as a potential target for crop genetic improvement in the future.
Risk Stratification for Surgical Site Infections in Colon Cancer

Importance Surgical site infections (SSIs) feature prominently in surgical quality improvement and pay-for-performance measures. Multiple approaches are used to prevent or reduce SSIs, prompted by the heavy toll they take on patients and health care budgets. Surgery for colon cancer is not an exception. Objective To identify a risk stratification score based on baseline and operative characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included all patients treated surgically for colon cancer at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2004 through 2014 (n = 1481). Main Outcomes and Measures The incidence of SSI stratified over baseline and perioperative factors was compared and compounded in a risk score. Results Among the 1481 participants, 90 (6.1%) had SSI. Median (IQR) age was 66.9 (55.9-78.1) years. Surgical site infection rates were significantly higher among people who smoked (7.4% vs 4.8%; P = .04), people who abused alcohol (10.6% vs 5.7%; P = .04), people with type 2 diabetics (8.8% vs 5.5%; P = .046), and obese patients (11.7% vs 4.0%; P < .001). Surgical site infection rates were also higher among patients with an operation duration longer than 140 minutes (7.5% vs 5.0%; P = .05) and in nonlaparoscopic approaches (clinically significant only, 6.7% vs 4.1%; P = .07). These risk factors were also associated with an increase in SSI rates as a compounded score (P < .001). Patients with 1 or fewer risk factors (n = 427) had an SSI rate of 2.3%, equivalent to a relative risk of 0.4 (95% CI, 0.16-0.57; P < .001); patients with 2 risk factors (n = 445) had a 5.2% SSI rate (relative risk, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.49-1.22; P = .27); patients with 3 factors (n = 384) had a 7.8% SSI rate (relative risk, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.91-2.11; P = .13); and patients with 4 or more risk factors (n = 198) had a 13.6% SSI rate (relative risk, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.77-4.12; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance This SSI risk assessment factor provides a simple tool using readily available characteristics to stratify patients by SSI risk and identify patients at risk during their postoperative admission. Thereby, it can be used to potentially focus frequent monitoring and more aggressive preventive efforts on high-risk patients.
Anatomical banding of intrinsic connections in striate cortex of tree shrews (Tupaia glis)

The intrinsic connectivity of striate cortex was investigated by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into this area in tree shrews. Such HRP injections demonstrated periodically organized, stripelike connections within area 17. These stripes occur in layers I–IIIA and consist of a small number of retrogradely filled neurons, some clearly pyramidal, together with HRP‐labeled axon terminals. HRP‐filled axon trunks run between labeled stripes, interconnecting adjacent and distant regions of the stripe pattern. Correlation with Golgi‐stained tissue suggests that these stripes are horizontally interconnected by pyramidal neurons with long intracortical axon collaterals (followed for distances over 1 mm form the soma). The HRP‐labeled stripes measure about 230 μm in width, with a center‐to‐center repeat distance of 450–500 μm. They have been mapped over an 8 mm2 area of striate cortex and would thus seem capable of effecting lateral interactions over considerable portions of the retinotopic map. In their dimensions and overall pattern, these anatomical stripes resemble the 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) bands resulting from visual stimulation of tree shrews with stripes of a single orientation. While the functional role of the HRP‐labeled stripes is unclear, their similarities with the 2‐DG pattern raise the intriguing possibility that they may be related to orientation selectivity. The striking regularity of these extensive lateral interconnections emphasizes the importance of horizontal intralaminar connections within the cortex.
Clonal and Antigenic Analysis of Serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis with Particular Reference to Epidemiological Features of Epidemic Meningitis in the People's Republic of China

Representative strains of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis were chosen from all major meningitis epidemics worldwide since 1960 and subjected to analysis for the electrophoretic variation of 15 cytoplasmic allozymes and four outer membrane proteins. The 290 strains defined 84 unique electrophoretic types which were classified in nine subgroups. Tests with monoclonal antibodies specific for conserved pilin epitopes showed that the class I, IIa, and IIb epitopes were uniform within the subgroups. Similarly, the subgroups were uniform for expression of different variable regions of class 1 outer membrane protein, with a few minor exceptions. Many of the bacteria tested were isolated in the People's Republic of China, and the epidemiology of Chinese epidemics of meningococcal meningitis is described. The analysis approaches a global description of epidemic meningitis caused by serogroup A meningococci in the past 30 years.
Traitement de la polysémie lexicale dans un but de traduction

La désambiguïsation lexicale a une place centrale dans les applications de Traitement Automatique des Langues relatives à la traduction. Le travail présenté ici fait partie d’une étude sur les recouvrements et les divergences entre les espaces sémantiques occupés par des unités polysémiques de deux langues. Les correspondances entre ces unités sont rarement biunivoques et l’étude de ces correspondances aide à tirer des conclusions sur les possibilités et les limites d’utilisation d’une autre langue pour la désambiguïsation des unités d’une langue source. Le but de ce travail est l’établissement de correspondances d’une granularité optimale entre les unités de deux langues entretenant des relations de traduction. Ces correspondances seraient utilisables pour la prédiction des équivalents de traduction les plus adéquats de nouvelles occurrences des éléments polysémiques.
An automated framework for stroke and hemorrhage detection using decision tree classifier

Medical imaging plays an important role in the early detection and treatment of medical diagnosis. It provides physicians with information essential for efficient and effective diagnosis of various diseases. The objective of the research work included in this paper is to provide a robust technique for automatic segmentation of ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, hematoma and tumor lesions from brain MR and CT images. In this paper, the characteristics of Decision Tree classifier are discussed. The Decision Tree classification model is used for diagnosis of three brain diseases namely ischemic stroke, hemorrhage and hematoma and tumor. The performance of the decision tree model in diagnosing ischemic stroke, hemorrhage and hematoma and brain tumor is 91%, 93% and 95%, respectively. The proposed system can help the physicians to identify the type of ischemic stroke, the type of human brain hemorrhage and hematoma and the type of brain tumors for further treatment. It also focuses on using textural analysis in the classification process. With the aim of improving some of the existing methods and developing new techniques to facilitate accurate, fast and reliable computer based diagnosis of brain diseases. An automated method is developed for the classification of normal or ischemic stroke brain CT, the type of brain CT hemorrhage and hematomas and the type of the MR brain tumor images using the decision tree classifier.
Mitotic Index Is the Best Predictive Factor for Survival of Patients with Resected Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumor recurrence is not infrequent after resection. It is presumed that characteristics of the tumor such as cellular malignancy might influence the prognosis of the patients in association with tumor stage and radicality of the procedure. Methods: Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to retrospectively determine the clinicopathologic factors potentially related to survival in 40 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC. Results: In univariate analysis, tumor stage I or II, mitotic index of 4 or less/10 random high-power fields, solitary tumor, and curative resection were significantly correlated with better survival. In multivariate analysis, the mitotic index and surgical curability were independently significant variables influencing survival of patients, and the mitotic index was the best predictive factor. A highly significant correlation was found between the mitotic index and Ki-67 labeling index. Compared to tumors with a mitotic index of 4 or less, those with a mitotic index of 5 or more had a higher association with multiple tumors and advanced tumor stage, which preclude curative resection. Conclusion: Analysis of the mitotic index is quite simple, and the mitotic index could be a useful factor for predicting the long-term survival of patients with HCC following hepatic resection.
Barriers to implementing protocol-based sepsis resuscitation in the emergency department—Results of a national survey*

Objective:To identify barriers to implementation of a written protocol for early goal-directed therapy for severe sepsis in the busiest emergency departments in the United States. Design:Telephone survey with both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Setting:Two busiest teaching and two busiest nonteaching emergency departments in each of the 25 most densely populated combined statistical areas in the United States. Subjects:Twenty-four physician directors and 40 nursing managers representing 53% of the 100 emergency departments surveyed. Interventions:Survey questionnaire. Measurements and Main Results:Respondents identified lack of available nursing staff to perform the procedure, the inability to monitor central venous pressure in the emergency department, and challenges in identifying septic patients as the most frequent barriers. Although nurse managers and physicians identified similar barriers, nurses were more likely than physicians to list central venous catheter insertion as an important barrier (38% vs. 5%; p = .01), and physicians were more likely to endorse lack of agreement with the early goal-directed therapy resuscitation protocol (16% vs. 0%; p = .03). There were no statistically significant differences in the rankings assigned by clinicians from teaching and nonteaching hospitals. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions identified barriers in a number of areas, including barriers to initiating the protocol process and factors that distinguish sepsis from other time-sensitive diseases in the emergency department. Conclusions:Nurse managers and physician directors of busy emergency departments representing the largest urban areas in the United States identify multiple barriers to implementing time-sensitive resuscitation to patients with severe sepsis. More than half of all respondents recognized a critical shortage of nursing staff, problems in obtaining central venous pressure monitoring, and challenges in identification of patients with sepsis as the largest roadblocks to overcome in implementing early goal-directed therapy.
Porphyra (Bangiophyceae) Transcriptomes Provide Insights Into Red Algal Development And Metabolism

The red seaweed Porphyra (Bangiophyceae) and related Bangiales have global economic importance. Here, we report the analysis of a comprehensive transcriptome comprising ca. 4.7 million expressed sequence tag (EST) reads from P. umbilicalis (L.) J. Agardh and P. purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh (ca. 980 Mbp of data generated using 454 FLX pyrosequencing). These ESTs were isolated from the haploid gametophyte (blades from both species) and diploid conchocelis stage (from P. purpurea). In a bioinformatic analysis, only 20% of the contigs were found to encode proteins of known biological function. Comparative analysis of predicted protein functions in mesophilic (including Porphyra) and extremophilic red algae suggest that the former has more putative functions related to signaling, membrane transport processes, and establishment of protein complexes. These enhanced functions may reflect general mesophilic adaptations. A near‐complete repertoire of genes encoding histones and ribosomal proteins was identified, with some differentially regulated between the blade and conchocelis stage in P. purpurea. This finding may reflect specific regulatory processes associated with these distinct phases of the life history. Fatty acid desaturation patterns, in combination with gene expression profiles, demonstrate differences from seed plants with respect to the transport of fatty acid/lipid among subcellular compartments and the molecular machinery of lipid assembly. We also recovered a near‐complete gene repertoire for enzymes involved in the formation of sterols and carotenoids, including candidate genes for the biosynthesis of lutein. Our findings provide key insights into the evolution, development, and biology of Porphyra, an important lineage of red algae.
Assessment of Cellular Response to Thermal Laser Injury Through Bioluminescence Imaging of Heat Shock Protein 70 ¶ †

Assessment of laser‐induced tissue damage is not complete without an investigation into the resulting cellular and molecular changes. In the past, tissue damage was quantified macroscopically by visual effects such as tissue mass removal, carbonization and melting. Microscopically, assessment of tissue damage has been typically limited to histological analysis of excised tissue samples. In this research, we used heat shock protein (hsp70) transcription to track cellular response to laser‐induced injury. A stable cell line (NIH‐3T3) was generated containing the firefly luciferase (luc) reporter gene attached to the hsp promoter (murine hsp70a1). After thermal injury with a pulsed holmium‐yttrium aluminum garnet laser (λ = 2.1 μm, τp = 250 μs, 30 pulses, 3 Hz), luciferase is produced on hsp70 activation and emits broadspectrum bioluminescence over a range of 500–700 nm, with a peak at 563 nm. The onset of bioluminescence can be seen as early as 2 h after treatment and usually peaks at 8–12 h depending on the severity of heat shock. The luminescence was quantified in live cells using bioluminescence imaging. A minimum pulse energy (65 mJ/pulse [total energy 1.95 J; total radiant exposure = 6 J/cm2]) was needed to activate the hsp70 response, and a higher energy (103 mJ/pulse [total energy 3.09 J; total radiant exposure = 9.6 J/cm2]) was associated with a reduction in hsp70 response and cell death. Bioluminescence levels correlated well with actual hsp70 protein concentrations as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Photon counts were normalized to the percentage of live cells by means of a flow cytometry cell viability assay. Within a relatively small range between a lower activation threshold and an upper threshold that leads to cell death, the hsp70 response followed an Arrhenius relationship when constant‐temperature water bath and laser experiments were carried out.
Effects of variety, the 1B/1R translocation and xylanase supplementation on nutritive value of wheat for broilers

1. Three consecutive studies were done with 12 wheat samples (4 per study), each of different variety (6 containing the 1B/1R rye translocation) to examine the effects of wheat variety, presence of 1B/1R and interactions with xylanase addition (Avizyme 1310). The wheat varieties covered a wide range of in vitro viscosity (6.3 to 19.8 cps). In each study 64 male, Ross broilers were individually caged and given the diets ad libitum from d 7 to 28. Bird performance, viscosity of ileal contents and diet metabolisability (AME) were measured. 2. The diets contained (g/kg): wheat 790, casein 134, dicalcium phosphate 21.4, potassium bicarbonate 10.8, sodium bicarbonate 7.5, soya oil 10, arginine 5, minerals etc . 21.3. 3. Within each study there were large differences in dry matter (DM) intake between varieties but the variety effect was significant ( P <0.01) only in study 2. Liveweight gain (LWG) differences mirrored DM intake, being significant ( P <0.01) in study 2. Mean gain:food was unaffected by variety in any study. 4. Calculated wheat AME (MJ/kg DM) ranged from 13.4 to 14.4 in study 2 ( P <0.05), the values for studies 1 and 3 lying within this range. 5. Across all 3 studies, in vivo viscosity (proximal ileum) ranged from 5.0 to 37.6 in the absence of enzyme and from 3.9 to 12.1 with enzyme addition; in studies 1 and 2 variety differences were significant ( P <0.05). 6. Enzyme addition had no effect on DM intake or LWG but gain:food tended to be improved (NS), metabolisability of energy (ME:GE) was increased ( P <0.01) by 2.2% and calculated wheat AME by 4% while in vivo viscosity was reduced ( P <0.001). 7. There were no significant differences in DM intake, LWG, gain:food, ME:GE or calculated wheat AME concentration associated with the presence of the 1B/1R translocation and no interactions between enzyme and 1B/1R. 8. There were poor relationships between either gain:food or wheat AME concentration and in vitro or in vivo viscosity. There was no significant relationship between AME concentration and either specific weight or thousand grain weight. 9. It was concluded that (a) variety differences tended to be small (b) there was no negative impact of the 1B/1R rye translocation with the diet formulation used (c) in vitro viscosity failed to predict satisfactorily any aspect of performance with the high wheat/low fat diet formulation used.
Gene promoter methylation signature predicts survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Abstract Infection with high-risk types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is currently the best-established prognostic marker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), one of the most common and lethal human malignancies worldwide. Clinical trials have been launched to address the concept of treatment de-escalation for HPV-positive HNSCC with the final aim to reduce treatment related toxicity and debilitating long-term impacts on the quality of life. However, HPV-related tumors are mainly restricted to oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) and there is an urgent need to establish reliable biomarkers for all patients at high risk for treatment failure. A patient cohort (n = 295) with mainly non-OPSCC (72.9%) and a low prevalence of HPV16-related tumors (8.8%) was analyzed by MassARRAY to determine a previously established prognostic methylation score (MS). Kaplan-Meier revealed a highly significant correlation between a high MS and a favorable survival for OPSCC (P = 0.0004) and for non-OPSCC (P<0.0001), which was confirmed for all HNSCC by multivariate Cox regression models (HR: 9.67, 95% CI [4.61–20.30], P<0.0001). Next, we established a minimal methylation signature score (MMSS), which consists of ten most informative of the originally 62 CpG units used for the MS. The prognostic value of the MMSS was confirmed by Kaplan-Meier analysis for all HNSCC (P<0.0001) and non-OPSCC (P = 0.0002), and was supported by multivariate Cox regression models for all HNSCC (HR: 2.15, 95% CI [1.36–3.41], P = 0.001). In summary, the MS and the MMSS exhibit an excellent performance as prognosticators for survival, which is not limited by the anatomical site, and both could be implemented in future clinical trials.
Neuron-glia crosstalk gets serious: role in pain hypersensitivity.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies show that peripheral injury activates both neuronal and nonneuronal or glial components of the peripheral and central cellular circuitry. The subsequent neuron-glia interactions contribute to pain hypersensitivity. This review will briefly discuss novel findings that have shed light on the cellular mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions in persistent pain. RECENT FINDINGS Two fundamental questions related to neuron-glia interactions in pain mechanisms have been addressed: what are the signals that lead to central glial activation after injury and how do glial cells affect central nervous system neuronal activity and promote hyperalgesia? SUMMARY Evidence indicates that central glial activation depends on nerve inputs from the site of injury and release of chemical mediators. Hematogenous immune cells may migrate to/infiltrate the brain and circulating inflammatory mediators may penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in central glial responses to injury. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta released from glia may facilitate pain transmission through its coupling to neuronal glutamate receptors. This bidirectional neuron-glia signaling plays a key role in glial activation, cytokine production and the initiation and maintenance of hyperalgesia. Recognition of the contribution of the mutual neuron-glia interactions to central sensitization and hyperalgesia prompts new treatment for chronic pain.