Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient linear combination for distant n-gram models

The objective of this paper is to present a large study concerning the use of distant language models. In order to combine efficiently distant and classical models, an adaptation of the back-off principle is made. Also, we show the importance of each part of a history for the prediction. In fact, each sub-history is analyzed in order to estimate its importance in terms of prediction and then a weight is associated to each class of sub-histories. Therefore, the combined models take into account the features of each history's part and not the whole history as made in other works. The contribution of distant n-gram models in terms of perplexity is significant and improves the results by 12.8%. Making the linear combination depending on sub-histories achieves an improvement of $5.3\%$ in comparison to classical linear combination.
Animal and Human Bite Wounds.

BACKGROUND 30,000 to 50,000 injuries are caused by bites in Germany every year. Dog and cat bites are common, human bites relatively rare. 25% of the victims are under age 6, and 34% are aged 6 to 17. METHODS This review is based on pertinent literature retrieved by a selective search and on the authors' clinical and scientific experience. RESULTS In small children, most bite wounds are on the head and neck; in older children and adolescents, most are on the limbs. Bite injuries range from trivial ones needing no medical intervention to major soft-tissue defects with the loss of functionally important structures. A bite can transmit unusual pathogens from the saliva into the wound. The risk of infection after a bite is 10-20%, and about 30-60% of the infections are of mixed aerobic-anaerobic origin. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended only for wounds that are considered at high risk of infection in view of their type and location, the species of the biting animal, and the characteristics of the patient. CONCLUSION Structured surgical management of bite wounds is the most important factor in the prevention of infection. High-risk wounds must be differentiated from trivial ones. Interdisciplinary management is advisable for wounds on the hands and face.
Model Distillation with Knowledge Transfer from Face Classification to Alignment and Verification

Knowledge distillation is a potential solution for model compression. The idea is to make a small student network imitate the target of a large teacher network, then the student network can be competitive to the teacher one. Most previous studies focus on model distillation in the classification task, where they propose different architectures and initializations for the student network. However, only the classification task is not enough, and other related tasks such as regression and retrieval are barely considered. To solve the problem, in this paper, we take face recognition as a breaking point and propose model distillation with knowledge transfer from face classification to alignment and verification. By selecting appropriate initializations and targets in the knowledge transfer, the distillation can be easier in non-classification tasks. Experiments on the CelebA and CASIA-WebFace datasets demonstrate that the student network can be competitive to the teacher one in alignment and verification, and even surpasses the teacher network under specific compression rates. In addition, to achieve stronger knowledge transfer, we also use a common initialization trick to improve the distillation performance of classification. Evaluations on the CASIA-Webface and large-scale MS-Celeb-1M datasets show the effectiveness of this simple trick.
A standard TMF modeling for Arabic patents

Patent applications are similarly structured worldwide. They consist of a cover page, a speci cation, claims, drawings (if necessary) and an abstract. In addition to their content (text, numbers and citations), all patent publications contain a relatively rich set of well-de ned metadata. In the Arabic world, there is no North African or Arabian Intellectual Property O ce and therefore no uniform collections of Arabic patents. In Tunisia, for example, there is no digital collection of patent documents and therefore no XML collections. In this context, we aim to create a TMF standardized model for scienti c patents and develop a generator of XML patent collections having a uniform and easy to use structure. To test our approach, we will use a collection of XML scienti c patent documents in three languages (Arabic, French, and English).
"E-Commerce Behaviour of Lithuanian and Greek Women"

E-commerce is a rapidly growing activity, therefore it is of vital importance to examine consumer’s behaviour toward e-shopping decisions. Many researchers have recognized some factors influencing consumer’s attitude while shopping on line and still ecommerce attracts a high level of interest. This paper investigates the differences and similarities of women’s behaviour toward e-commerce in two culturally different countries. Some factors such as trust in vendor, trust in transactions, language, culture, age or education and their possible impacts on e-commerce use, are described in this paper. We use a random sample of 183 women from Lithuania and Greece. The results show that there are some behaviour differences between the two countries. In particular, women in Lithuania use, trust and appreciate e-commerce more than women in Greece. These tendencies seem to be strongly affected by culture. Furthermore, the impact of e-banking technology on the e-commerce use is estimated. On the other hand, factors such as age, education or language are not found to have a significant impact on intention to shop online more frequently.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Short-Day Responsiveness in Siberian Hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)

Siberian hamsters are photoperiodic rodents that typically exhibit several physiological changes when exposed to a short-day photoperiod. However, development of the winter phenotype in short days is largely conditional on prior photoperiod history: Hamsters that have been reared in an exceptionally long day length (18 L) do not usually exhibit the winter phenotype after transfer to short days, whereas animals reared under “moderately” long days (16 L) are more variable in responsiveness to subsequent short-day exposure, with 20% to 30% generally failing to exhibit winter-type responses. Hamsters reared exclusively in an “intermediate” day length (14 L) are almost uniformly responsive to short photoperiod. In the present study, the authors examine the influence of photoperiod history on short-day responsiveness in a breeding line of hamsters that has been subjected to artificial selection for resistance to the effects of short days. The results demonstrate that photoperiod history is an important determinant of short-day responsiveness in both random-bred (UNS) hamsters and animals artificially selected and bred for nonresponsiveness to short photoperiod (PNR). The PNR hamsters have a reduced requirement for long-day exposure to evoke a state of unresponsiveness to short days. The results are discussed in relation to possible significance for the origin of population and species differences in photoperiod responsiveness.
The Structural Basis of Signal Transduction for the Response Regulator PrrA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis*

The structure of the two-domain response regulator PrrA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows a compact structure in the crystal with a well defined interdomain interface. The interface, which does not include the interdomain linker, makes the recognition helix and the trans-activation loop of the effector domain inaccessible for interaction with DNA. Part of the interface involves hydrogen-bonding interactions of a tyrosine residue in the receiver domain that is believed to be involved in signal transduction, which, if disrupted, would destabilize the interdomain interface, allowing a more extended conformation of the molecule, which would in turn allow access to the recognition helix. In solution, there is evidence for an equilibrium between compact and extended forms of the protein that is far toward the compact form when the protein is inactivated but moves toward a more extended form when activated by the cognate sensor kinase PrrB.
A Trend Model of Internet Public Opinion

In modern society, internet information presents rapidly development, and mass media is playing an increasingly important role in spreading public opinion. The interpersonal relationship network is the carrier of public opinion of interpersonal communication, the scale-free network model constructs the interpersonal relationship network topology using BA, through the local interaction rules design of the individual, the individual factors and the external impact of the media construction of free communication between two opposing opinion. Then construct the mutual influence of public opinion and network structure of adaptive public opinion should be the evolution of competition model, propagation member two opposing opinion. Propagate through opposite opinion free communication and confrontation can be better simulated opposite opinion.
Growth Rate of Mycobacteria in Mice as an Unreliable Indicator of Mycobacterial Virulence

ABSTRACT The CDC1551 strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was compared with the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis and the Ravenel strain of Mycobacterium bovis for virulence in mice. Although all three strains gave rise to the same level of stationary infection in major organs, mice infected with the Ravenel strain died much earlier from lung disease.
The role of EBERs in oncogenesis.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNAs (EBERs) are the most abundant viral transcripts in latently EBV-infected cells. However, until recently, their roles in viral infection were totally unknown. It now appears that EBERs play a key role in maintaining the malignant phenotypes of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells. The EBERs confer clonability in soft agarose, tumourigenicity in mice, and resistance to apoptosis against various stimuli in BL. Furthermore, EBERs induce transcription of interleukin-10, which acts as an autocrine growth factor of BL. These studies open the way toward the new concept that RNA molecules can act in oncogenesis.
Reducing Maternal Mortality: A Review of Progress and Evidence-Based Strategies to Achieve Millennium Development Goal 5

Maternal mortality represents a major global health challenge. Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5) set a range of targets pertaining to maternal mortality and universal access to reproductive health care. While the realization of these targets seems unlikely, cost-effective population-level approaches in combination with evidence-based interventions targeting the acute management of the major causes of maternal mortality present the potential for considerable progress as the 2015 deadline approaches.
Data mining applications in civil aviation sector : State-of-art review

Data mining is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information take place in the scope of business intelligence. Nowadays increasing of the globalization and integration of the world, transportation sector is one of the most required area that needs to be used for data analysis. Purely, planes equipped with flight recording data typically record up to 500 variables of data described in these flight data recordings are time, altitude, vertical acceleration, and headingper second for the duration the plane is being operated. Airline companies may use data mining in order to fuel cost optimization, planning take into consideration weather conditions, passenger analysis, cargo optimization, airport situation revenue per flight, profit per flight, cost per seat or more detailed one catering and handling expenses per seat. In this article, the current applications of data mining in civil aviation sector are reviewed based on certain critical factors including airlines, airports, cargo, passenger, efficiency and safety. The critical analysis of 63 empirical studies reveals that the usage of data mining in airlines sector is still in its early stages and the ability of these studies to generate knowledge may not be sufficient. It’s tried to subhead papers and classified them subject by subject and also yearly. The intention of this study is that this is going to guide that sheds light on this field studies and staff. And also we want to put forth the tendency of civil aviation sector and evaluation progress of airlines in business intelligence concept. Given these findings, it can be suggested that there is more to dig for in order to obtain more managerially interpretable and acceptable results in further studies. Also, recommendations are made for other potentials of other business intelligence tools or data mining techniques research. Keywords—Airlines; Business Intelligence; Civil Aviation; Data Mining
Vitamin C Facilitates Demethylation of the Foxp3 Enhancer in a Tet-Dependent Manner

Demethylation of CpG motifs in the Foxp3 intronic element, conserved noncoding sequence 2 (CNS2), is indispensable for the stable expression of Foxp3 in regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we found that vitamin C induces CNS2 demethylation in Tregs in a ten-eleven-translocation 2 (Tet2)-dependent manner. The CpG motifs of CNS2 in Tregs generated in vitro by TGF-β (iTregs), which were methylated originally, became demethylated after vitamin C treatment. The conversion of 5-methylcytosin into 5-hydroxymethylcytosin was more efficient, and the methyl group from the CpG motifs of Foxp3 CNS2 was erased rapidly in iTregs treated with vitamin C. The effect of vitamin C disappeared in Tet2−/− iTregs. Furthermore, CNS2 in peripheral Tregs in vivo, which were demethylated originally, became methylated after treatment with a sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter inhibitor, sulfinpyrazone. Finally, CNS2 demethylation in thymic Tregs was also impaired in Tet2−/− mice, but not in wild type mice, when they were treated with sulfinpyrazone. Collectively, vitamin C was required for the CNS2 demethylation mediated by Tet proteins, which was essential for Foxp3 expression. Our findings indicate that environmental factors, such as nutrients, could bring about changes in immune homeostasis through epigenetic mechanisms.
Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change.

Contents: Preface. Introduction. R. Hornik, Public Health Communication: Making Sense of Contradictory Evidence. Part I: Deliberate Trials. J.K. Worden, B.S. Flynn, Using Mass Media to Prevent Cigarette Smoking. P. Palmgreen, L. Donohew, E.P. Lorch, R.H. Hoyle, M.T. Stephenson, Television Campaigns and Sensation Seeking Targeting of Adolescent Marijuana Use: A Controlled Time Series Approach. J.P. Pierce, P. Macaskill, D. Hill, Long-Term Effectiveness of the Early Mass Media Led Antismoking Campaigns in Australia. Part II: Evaluations of Full-Scale Interventions. E.J. Roccella, The Contributions of Public Health Education Toward the Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Experiences From the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. A.F. Williams, J.K. Wells, D.W. Reinfurt, J.K. Wells, Increasing Seat Belt Use in North Carolina. J.P. Pierce, S. Emery, E. Gilpin, The California Tobacco Control Program: A Long-Term Health Communication Project. M. Siegel, L. Biener, The Impact of Antismoking Media Campaigns on Progression to Established Smoking: Results of a Longitudinal Youth Study in Massachusetts. K. Wellings, Evaluating AIDS Public Education in Europe: A Cross-National Comparison. S. McCombie, R.C. Hornik, J.K. Anarfi, Effects of a Mass Media Campaign to Prevent AIDS Among Young People in Ghana. D. Hill, V. White, R. Marks, R. Borland, Changes in Sun-Related Attitudes and Behaviors, and Reduced Sunburn Prevalence in a Population at High Risk of Melanoma. D.L. Kincaid, A.P. Merritt, L. Nickerson, S. de Castro Buffington, M.P.P. de Castro, B.M. de Castro, Impact of a Mass Media Vasectomy Promotion Campaign in Brazil. S. Zimicki, R.C. Hornik, C.C. Verzosa, J.R. Hernandez, E. de Guzman, M. Dayrit, A. Fausto, M.B. Lee, Improving Vaccination Coverage in Urban Areas Through a Health Communication Campaign: The 1990 Philippines Experience. R.C. Hornik, J. McDivitt, S. Zimicki, P.S. Yoder, E. Contreras-Budge, J. McDowell, M. Rasmuson, Communication in Support of Child Survival: Evidence and Explanations From Eight Countries. Part III: Media Coverage and Health Behavior. D.P. Fan, Impact of Persuasive Information on Secular Trends in Health-Related Behaviors. S.B. Soumerai, D. Ross-Degnan, J.S. Kahn, The Effects of Professional and Media Warnings About the Association Between Aspirin Use in Children and Reye's Syndrome. K. Viswanath, J.R. Finnegan, Jr., Reflections on Community Health Campaigns: Secular Trends and the Capacity to Effect Change. Part IV: Cross-Case Overviews. A.L. McAlister, M. Fernandez, "Behavioral Journalism" Accelerates Diffusion of Healthy Innovations. W. Smith, From Prevention Vaccines to Community Care: New Ways to Look at Program Success. L.B. Snyder, M.A. Hamilton, A Meta-Analysis of U.S. Health Campaign Effects on Behavior: Emphasize Enforcement, Exposure, and New Information, and Beware the Secular Trend. R. Hornik, Epilogue: Evaluation Design for Public Health Communication Programs.
Response to comment on Multifunctional human CD56lowCD16low NK cells are the prominent subset in bone marrow of both pediatric healthy donors and leukemic patients

We read with interest the comment by Romee and Miller on our article published in Haematologica[1][1] demonstrating that there is an increased frequency of the CD56lowCD16low natural killer (NK)-cell population in the bone marrow (BM) of children, both healthy subjects and leukemia patients. This NK
IPv6 multicast membership detection in ad hoc networks using modified MLD

We describe mechanisms 1) to discover IP multicast sources and receivers located in ad hoc networks and 2) to inform the IP-based network about the detected multicast membership. We modify the existing multicast listener discovery (MLD) protocol, which was originally designed for fixed IPv6-based networks, to improve its performance in an ad hoc environment.
Reversible and irreversible damage to cochlear afferent neurons by kainic acid excitotoxicity

Kainic acid (KA) selectively damages afferent synapses that innervate, in chickens, mainly tall hair cells. To better understand the nature of KA‐induced excitotoxic damage to the cochlear afferent neurons, KA, at two different concentrations (0.3 or 5 mM), was injected directly into the inner ear of adult chickens. Pathologic changes in the afferent nerve ending and cell body were evaluated with light and transmission electron microscopy at various time points after KA application. The compound action potential (CAP) and cochlear microphonic (CM) potential were recorded to monitor the physiologic status of the afferent neurons and hair cells, respectively. Hair cell morphology and function were essentially normal after KA treatment. However, afferent synapses beneath tall hair cells were swollen within 30 minutes after KA at both low (KA‐L) and high (KA‐H) doses. In the KA‐L group, the swelling disappeared within 1 day and the morphology of the postsynaptic region returned to near normal condition. In the KA‐H group, by contrast, the vacant region beneath tall hair cells remained evident even 20 weeks after KA. The number of cochlear ganglion neurons in the KA‐H group decreased progressively from 1 to 8–20 weeks, whereas hair cells in the basilar papilla remained morphologically intact out to 20 weeks after KA. There was no significant change in neuron number in the KA‐L group. Temporal changes in the CAP amplitude paralleled the anatomic changes, although the CAP only partially recovered. These results suggest that KA induces partially reversible damage to cochlear afferent neurons with low KA concentration; above this level, KA triggers irreversible, progressive neurodegeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 430:172–181, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of micromachined quartz tuning fork resonator for temperature sensing

This article describes a micromachined quartz tuning fork resonator, 6 mm in height by 2 mm in diamter, holding a two-terminal electronic component with a nomial frequency of 36 kHz (at zero degree) and 15 pF typical capacitance packed in a 90 Pa He gas sealed metal container, which has been used as a sensor for temperature measurement with good sensitivity, repeatability and reliability. The temperature sensor is ZYtw-cut-quartz crystal bulk acoustic wave resonator vibrating in a flexural mode. Finite element method is used to analyze the vibratory modes and optimize the structure of the sensor. Design and performance analysis of the quartz tuning fork temperature sensor has been conducted. The sensor prototype was successfully fabricated and calibrated in operation from 0°C to 100°C with sensitivity of 80 ppm/°C.
Extended donor criteria for heart transplantation.

The shortage of ideal donor hearts had led to an increasing number of would-be heart transplant recipients who die while on the waiting list. Therefore analogous to kidney and liver transplantation, an extension of the classical donor criteria became necessary, especially for high-urgency recipients. In a series of 121 orthotopic heart transplantations in 117 patients with a 1-year survival of 77%, the criteria for the selection of donor hearts have been gradually extended. Hearts from donors over 40 years of age but not exceeding 50 years were accepted without coronary angiography for 25 patients. There was no immediate graft failure, and the mean postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, as assessed by radionuclide ventriculography, was normal. The incidence of late postoperative graft atherosclerosis was slightly but not significantly higher. Donor hearts with severe chest trauma, including bilateral hemothorax, rib fractures, and aortic hematoma were accepted for 11 patients. Immediate graft function was normal in all organs. In seven donors the body weight difference was more than 20%. Three patients with smaller grafts with more than 30% body weight difference had a highly complicated postoperative condition. In one patient acute graft failure was reversible with the administration of high dosages of catecholamines. In the other two patients, however, retransplantation was required because of irreversible failure. Episodes of hypotension that did not exceed 30 minutes had no substantial influence on postoperative graft function. The 1-year survival of recipients with donor grafts not complying with standard criteria was not significantly worse than the survival of patients whose grafts were selected according to the standard (76% versus 79%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)