Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE PERMEABILITY OF THE SURFACE LAYERS OF CEREAL GRAINS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TESTS OF ABRASION IN BARLEY

The husk of barley, and the pericarps of naked, husked and ‘stripped’ barleys, of wheat and rye are more or less permeable to aqueous solutions of salts, or Eosin. The pericarps of stripped barley grains conduct aqueous solutions so that, for example, they conduct solutions of Eosin, or [14C]-gibberellic acid from the apex to the base of the grain where it accumulates in the embryo region. On the other hand the husk and pericarp are not so readily permeated by aqueous Trypan Blue. The testa/nucellar cuticle, together with the pigment strand, limits the inward penetration of salts and dyes. Gibberellic acid, and apparently water also, traversed the testae of some, but not all, decorticated barley grains, as demonstrated by the consequent modification of the starchy endosperms. However in most instances gibberellic acid solution does not traverse the surface layers of stripped grains and induce modification in their endosperms.
A cellular positioning system based on database comparison - The hidden Markov model based estimator versus the Kalman filter

Different techniques for calculating the position of user terminals in cellular networks have been proposed. No method has yet proven superior in terms of accuracy, cost, system impact and coverage. We consider database comparison of measured location sensitive parameters to be a promising positioning technique. Due to ambiguity and signal degradation, the position estimates from the comparison process must be filtered. In this paper we discuss two different filtering approaches. One is based on hidden Markov modeling and the other is based on the Kalman filter. We present the two methods and compare their ability to estimate position data of a database comparison process.
Partial local mate competition in the wasp Trichogramma euproctidis: the role of emergence sex ratio on female mating behaviour

1. Parasitic wasps with structured populations are generally assumed to follow the local mate competition (LMC) model: females lay only the minimal number of sons necessary to inseminate all daughters in the emergence patch, and increase this number when faced with additional broods from unrelated females. After emergence, daughters mate with local males before dispersing for host location and oviposition. The main predictions from the model have been verified for many species.
Frost Rings and White Earlywood Rings in Picea Mariana trees from the boreal plains, Central Canada

Dendroecological analysis of tree-ring anomalies can facilitate better environmental reconstructions provided that conditions leading to their formation are well understood. White earlywood rings (WER) constitute an anomaly not previously described and, like frost rings (FR), occur often in boreal coniferous species in central Canada. The objectives of this study were i) to examine the distribution of FR and WER in black spruce trees, ii) to measure and compare tracheid dimensions in WER and control rings and iii) to investigate potential causes of WER formation. Sampling was conducted in two regions of western Manitoba. At each of four sampling sites, ten black spruce trees were selected for stem analysis. Results indicated that FR were mainly formed in the smaller diameter, thin barked portion of the stem up to a height of 16m, whereas WER were almost uniformly distributed along the stem. Tracheids were measured for WER occurring in 1916, 1943 and 1970 and WER were found to have earlywood tracheids with significantly thinner cell walls compared to control rings. It is speculated that the formation of WER may be related to reduced hormone and carbohydrate availability in the early growing season. The potential linkage between WER and frost events, or other agents of defoliation, prior to ring formation merits further investigation.
India stimulates the retail industry as an evolving industry in the perspective of economic development which ensures the progress of retail industry in terms of capital and in numbers

This study analyzed the impact of perception of retailers on CSR. This study is developed based on the primary data collected from the retailers. The study identified that CSR activities have influenced on work culture and employee motivation, community welfare, environmental care, and customer welfare. Hence, the CSR activities helped to improve customer loyalty. In nutshell, the CSR initiatives are profitable element of business strategy, contributes to risk management, maintain relationships and for long-term profitability. Any organization cannot be succeeded without support of the social responsibility. It is a vital component for any organization to have perpetual success and to build brand image.
MALIGNANT TUMOURS IN LABRADOR RETRIEVERS USED FOR NARCOTIC DETECTION

Th e two corpses of police dogs, of Labrador retriever breed used for fi nding narcotics, were sent to the Scientifi c Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, and examined post-mortem, in order to determine the cause of death. Post-mortem examination revealed the presence of neoplastic changes in the mandibular region, pulmonary parenchyma and axillary region. Th e samples of neoplastic changes were sent to the Laboratory of Patohistology within the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, in order to specify the diagnosis. Histopathology examination revealed an adenocarcinoma in lungs and haemangioendothelioma in axillary region. Is there any role of drug sniffi ng on the occurrence of neoplasia in Labrador retriever breed is still unknown, but it could be an important factor in the development of neoplasia in these dogs.
POLLEN-GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH IN DIPLOTAXIS TENUIFOLIA AFTER CROSS-POLLINATION

SUMMARY After cross-pollination of self-incompatible Diplotaxis tenuifolia the pollen tubes penetrate the wall cuticle of the epidermal papillae and grow inside the cellulose-pectin layer of the wall towards the base of the papillae. The tubes continue their growth in the middle lamellae of the stigmatic tissue and the intercellular spaces of the stylar transmitting tissue, both of which contain pectin.
Analysing the Quality of User Stories in Open Source Projects

Agile Software Development has become highly popular over the last two decades. Together with the increase of popularity amount of scientific research on this topic has also increased. This research concentrates on one component from Agile Software Development: User Stories. In a recent paper quality framework for User Stories was proposed together with a tool implementing the framework. The proposed framework and tool make it possible to analyse the quality of User Stories from a new viewpoint. The main goal of this master thesis is to find if it is possible to forecast the quality of User Stories for monitoring purposes. Another goal is to find what is the relationship between User Story quality and other aspects of software development. Aspects studied in this thesis are the number of bugs, rework, and delays. The conducted analysis considers 10 open source agile software projects from which 8 are included in the analysis. Results of analysing the User Stories of these 8 projects revealed that it is possible to forecast the quality of User Stories. On average developed forecast models were 94.5% accurate when producing predictions for the next 15 sprints. Regarding User Stories quality relationship to other software development aspects, several interesting patterns were found. In short, a decrease in User Story quality scores reflected in the increase in the number of bugs after approximately 3 to 4 weeks. The same happened for rework but the relationship took longer to reveal (approximately 4 to 6 weeks). Correlation of delays was more spread out meaning that the quality of User Stories was leading the interaction for a longer time.
Data Extraction Using The Web Crawler As A Media For Information On The Popularity Of Lampung Province Tourism For The Development Of Rides And Tourism Facilities

Referring to the government regulation of the Republic of Indonesia number 50 of 2011 concerning the 2010 2025 national tourism development master plan in point number 4 states that the tourism destination area hereinafter referred to as a Tourism Destination is a geographical area within one or more administrative regions in which there is Power Tourism, Public Facilities, Tourism, Accessibility Facilities, and communities that are interrelated and complement the realization of tourism. One of the tourism facilities stated in the government regulation is tourism, so it is necessary to know what tourism is the trend in tourism places, especially in Lampung. ways to find out the facilities that are in trend in tourism places including visiting tourism places, asking directly to the tourism office or seeing tourism facilities that are currently on social media trends, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. This means that Lampung province has tourism destinations that can be developed by Lampung or private provinces. A suitable method for carrying out this process is the Web Crawler that will produce clusters. Web Crawler, also known as Web Spiders, Web Walcers is a program or automatic script that searches the World Wide Web automatically to find relevant information. From the results of research that has been done, web crawlers can display information about the tourism vehicle searched through the search page. Data search is based on the tags typed by the user, where the typed tags will be adjusted to the existing tags on Instragram social media that have been uploaded by Instagram users. The data displayed will be grouped per tourism vehicle in graphical form, so that users can see market segmentation about tourism facilities that are in demand easily.
Metabolie Engineering of Floral Scent of Ornamentals

Abstract Flowers of many plant species emit floral scent to attract pollinators. Such scents are often complex mixtures of various small aliphatic molecules, mostly terpenoid, phenylpropanoid, and benzenoid compounds. However, a large number of commercial flower varieties have lost their scent during the traditional breeding process. This lack of scent has been recognized as one of the major problems in the floriculture industry. Recent discoveries of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of scent compounds, and advances in our understanding of the regulation of scent biosynthetic genes, now make it possible to engineer plants with increased scent or with newly introduced aromas. Past approaches for metabolic engineering of floral scent have used various strategies, including the introduction of new scent genes and the blockage of existing non-scent pathways to divert metabolites into scent production. However, these experiments have only been partially successful. Problems have included the lack of specificity in targeting the expression of the introduced gene to flowers and unexpected biochemical reactions that metabolized the new scent compounds into non-volatile byproducts. Future attempts at scent genetic engineering will need to utilize specific floral gene promoters and be based on a clearer understanding of metabolic fluxes.
Abscisic acid transport and metabolism in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Summary Radioactive abscisic acid (ABA) was applied to leaves of potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). During a 24-h experimental period, the ABA was extensively metabolized within the leaf to phaseic acid (PA), 4′-dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) and abscisyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ABAGE), together with a number of unknown metabolites. ABA was transported out of the leaf to the roots. The major metabolite in roots was DPA and, 24 h after application of ABA to the leaves, only 5% of the radioactivity in the roots was present as ABA. Very little ABAGE was formed by roots. Xylem sap, expressed from canes or collected by root pressure exudation, also contained labelled material, a high proportion of which was unmetabolized ABA. It is suggested that export of ABA from leaves to roots and subsequent transport back to the leaves via the xylem occur naturally in unstressed grapevines and that this forms an integral part of the stomatal control mechanism.
Global impact of salmonellosis on health and economy

Salmonella is 1 of 4 key global causes of diarrhoeal diseases. Salmonellosis is caused by various Salmonella serovars. It is one of the most common and widely distributed foodborne diseases. It constitutes a major public health burden and represents a significant cost in many countries. Millions of human cases of salmonellosis are reported worldwide every year resulting into thousands of deaths. This disease has become an important public health problem throughout the world which also contributes to negative economic impacts due to the cost of surveillance investigation, treatment and prevention of illness. Average fatality rate in Salmonella infections has been reported to be 5.3%, but certain serotypes can cause a fatality rate up to 21%. Higher case fatality rate has been observed among infants less than 12 months old and HIV patients. Multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 strains are responsible for a high number of infections in human beings and are primarily zoonotic in origin. CDC estimates Salmonella causes about 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths in the United States every year. The costs of food-borne Salmonella alone are estimated to reach up to € 2.8 billion annually in EU countries altogether. Salmonellosis can be prevented and controlled by treatment of patients with antibiotics in severe cases, adequate heat treatment of milk and meat and their products including eggs, hygienic measures and Salmonella testing on poultry farms and removal of
The larval development of Dacus tryoni (Frogg.) (Diptera: Trypetidae). 2. Development of imaginal rudiments other than the principal discs.

In D. tryoni, imaginal rudiments of the abdominal hypodermis, of the salivary gland, of the fore-, mid-, and hindgut, of the lateral cerebral ganglia, and of the tracheae, all of which are present as discrete components in the larva, grow by cell multiplication up to the time of puparium formation in the manner generally accepted for Cyclorrhapha. There is no indication in D. tryoni of the epigenetic relationship between lymph glands, haemocytes, and imaginal rudiments postulated for the larva of Drosophila melanogaster by el-Shatoury and Waddington.
Tree species distributions across five habitats in a Bornean rain forest

Abstract We examined the distribution of tree species across five habitats in 69 small plots within a single watershed of the Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia (GPNP). The spatially complex distribution and close proximity of habitats provided an opportunity to test habitat specificity of tree species across strong environmental gradients, in a situation where dispersal into ‘inappropriate’ habitat should not be a rare event. Habitat had a weak influence on community structure, although species diversity was lower in the alluvium and peat habitats. Association tests based on two randomization models (spatially independent and explicit) were used to examine habitat distribution of 55 ‘common’ and 142 ‘frequent’ taxa. The general patterns were similar in the two models but the interpretation of specific patterns depended greatly on assumptions about dispersal ability. A majority (67%) of the common species was significantly associated with a single habitat, while few were restricted to one habitat. A small proportion (16%) of the species appear to be habitat generalists. The peat habitat had the most profound effect on species distribution. Overall, a large amount of variation was found in the degree of habitat specificity, even within speciose groups. No obvious evolutionary or ecological correlates with degree of habitat specificity were found. These results suggest that a mixture of stochastic and deterministic processes determine species distribution even across strong environmental gradients. Abbreviations: GPNP = Gunung Palung National Park. ; SEMI = spatial dependence; SPI = spatial independence. Nomenclature: Ng (1978, 1989); Soepadmo & Wong (1995); Soepadmo et al. (1996); Whitmore (1972, 1973b).
Tidal flat macrofaunal communities and their associated environments in estuaries of southern California and northern Baja California, Mexico

Several tidal flats in both Estero de Punta Banda and Bahia de San Quintín, Baja California, and one in Mission Bay, southern California, were sampled for macrofaunal properties (taxonomic composition, density, species richness, and functional groups for animals ≥0.3 mm) and associated environmental variables (sediment properties, salinity, plant belowground biomass, and cover ofZostera marina) in order to establish a benchmark data set for these areas. The grouping of macrofauna into higher taxonomic or functional groups for these comparisons reduced variability and revealed stronger relationships. Each estuary had a fairly distinct macrofaunal assemblage, with that of Estero de Punta Banda being different from Bahia de San Quintín and Mission Bay primarily due to dominance by a capitellid polychaete, lower proportions of surface deposit feeders, and higher proportions of fauna with a planktonic stage. The flats in Mission Bay and Bahia de San Quintín were dominated by peracarid crustaceans, oligochaetes and polychaetes and had higher proportions of direct developers and macrofauna with mobile adult stages than did Estero de Punta Banda. There was an overlap of the environmental characteristics among estuaries, with more variability of sediment and vegetation properties within than among estuaries. Within Bahia de San Quintín, there was an oceanic to back-bay distribution gradient of macrofauna that was similar to that found in estuaries in wetter climates, despite the lack of a salinity gradient in San Quintín. A decoupling of the benthos and the assumed anthropogenic stresses was observed with the degraded site, Mission Bay, being most similar to the relatively pristine Bahia de San Quintín. Selection of reference sites and sampling variables should be made cautiously because effects of disturbance factors on the benthos may be site-dependent, scale-dependent, or negligible.
Radiofrequency Dosimetry: Wireless Handsets

Avenue, Room 1F101C, Murray Hill, NJ 07974. Dosimetry at radiofrequencies (RF) is the quantification of the distribution of energy absorbed within objects exposed to RF electromagnetic fields. At frequencies between about 100 kHz and 6 GHz, the dosimetric quantities of interest are specific absorption (SA) and specific absorption rate (SAR). Specific absorption, which is defined as the energy absorbed by an incremental mass of an exposed object divided by that mass, is expressed in units of joules per kilogram (J/kg). Specific absorption rate, which is defined as the rate at which energy is absorbed by an incremen-
Asymmetries in Football: The Pass - Goal Paradox

We investigate the relation between the number of passes made by a football team and the number of goals. We analyze the 380 matches of a complete season of the Spanish national league “LaLiga" (2018/2019). We observe how the number of scored goals is positively correlated with the number of passes made by a team. In this way, teams on the top (bottom) of the ranking at the end of the season make more (less) passes than the rest of the teams. However, we observe a strong asymmetry when the analysis is made depending on the part of the match. Interestingly, fewer passes are made in the second half of a match, while, at the same time, more goals are scored. This paradox appears in the majority of teams, and it is independent of the number of passes made. These results confirm that goals in the first half of matches are more “costly” in terms of passes than those scored in second halves.
Random Number Generator Attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise Secure Key Exchange Protocol

This paper introduces and demonstrates two new attacks against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme. The attacks are based on random number generators with compromised security. First we explore the situation in which Eve knows the seed of both Alice's and Bob's random number generators. We show that in this situation Eve can crack the secure key bit within a fraction of the bit exchange period even if her current and voltage measurements have only a single bit of resolution. In the second attack, we explore the situation in which Eve knows the seed of only Alice's random number generator. We show that in this situation Eve can still crack the secure key bit but she needs to use the whole bit exchange period for the attack. The security of the KLJN key exchange scheme, similarly to other protocols, necessitates that the random number generator outputs are truly random for Eve.
Homologically visible closed geodesics on complete surfaces

In this paper, we give multiple situations when having one or two geometrically distinct closed geodesics on a complete Riemannian cylinder, a complete Möbius band or a complete Riemannian plane leads to having infinitely many geometrically distinct closed geodesics. In particular, we prove that any complete cylinder with isolated closed geodesics has zero, one or infinitely many homologically visible closed geodesics; this answers a question of Alberto Abbondandolo.
Dense Semantic 3D Map Based Long-Term Visual Localization with Hybrid Features

Visual localization plays an important role in many applications. However, due to the large appearance variations such as season and illumination changes, as well as weather and day-night variations, it's still a big challenge for robust long-term visual localization algorithms. In this paper, we present a novel visual localization method using hybrid handcrafted and learned features with dense semantic 3D map. Hybrid features help us to make full use of their strengths in different imaging conditions, and the dense semantic map provide us reliable and complete geometric and semantic information for constructing sufficient 2D-3D matching pairs with semantic consistency scores. In our pipeline, we retrieve and score each candidate database image through the semantic consistency between the dense model and the query image. Then the semantic consistency score is used as a soft constraint in the weighted RANSAC-based PnP pose solver. Experimental results on long-term visual localization benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method compared with state-of-the-arts.
Learning to rank via combining representations

Learning to rank -- producing a ranked list of items specific to a query and with respect to a set of supervisory items -- is a problem of general interest. The setting we consider is one in which no analytic description of what constitutes a good ranking is available. Instead, we have a collection of representations and supervisory information consisting of a (target item, interesting items set) pair. We demonstrate -- analytically, in simulation, and in real data examples -- that learning to rank via combining representations using an integer linear program is effective when the supervision is as light as "these few items are similar to your item of interest. " While this nomination task is of general interest, for specificity we present our methodology from the perspective of vertex nomination in graphs. The methodology described herein is model agnostic.