Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF EPSTEIN‐BARR VIRUS (EBV)‐ASSOCIATED DISEASES *

It seems difficult for some students of infectious diseases to visualize how the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) could be the cause of three quite disparate diseases; one benign, infectious mononucleosis ( IM) , and two malignant, Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Because the first disease is largely limited to Western countries, the second most common on the African continent, and the third especially frequent in Southeast Asia, it has been suggested that different strains of EBV might be prevalent in various parts of the world. To date, no significant antigenic differences have been discerned among strains of EBV from different continents in cross-neutralization tests or with respect to the viral capsid antigen (VCA), the diffuse (D) and restricted (R) components of the EBV-induced early antigen (EA) complex, and the EBVassociated nuclear antigen (EBNA) as determined by immunofluorescence techniques. Only few strains of virus have been studied, however, and it is conceivable, furthermore, that the immunofluorescence procedures are not sensitive enough to differentiate between given antigens of different strains of EBV and that crucial, possibly strain-specific, antigens have not yet been identified. Even if antigenic differences were readily demonstrable among strains of EBV from different continents there is nevertheless no need to invoke them as there exist other, valid explanations for the differential occurrence of the EBVassociated diseases in various parts of the world. They are derived from seroepidemiologic observations and other considerations. Serologic surveys have shown that under conditions of poor hygiene, as prevalent in rural African regions where BL is most prominent, or under crowded living conditions, as seen commonly in Southern China where NPC is most frequent, primary EBV infections occur generally under the age of 3 or 5 years, respectively (cf. Reference 1 ) . Under high socioeconomic conditions, as existing among the more prosperous population segments of the United States and other economically advanced nations, primary EBV infections are often delayed to adolescence and later. Primary EBV infections during early infancy were long suspected. and now shown to remain almost uniformly
Searching for massive outflows in holmberg ix x-1 and ngc 1313 x-1: The iron k band

We have analysed all the good quality XMM–Newton data publicly available for the bright ultraluminous X-ray sources Holmberg IX X-1 and NGC 1313 X-1, with the aim of searching for discrete emission or absorption features in the Fe K band that could provide observational evidence for the massive outflows predicted if these sources are accreting at substantially super-Eddington rates. We do not find statistically compelling evidence for any atomic lines, and the limits that are obtained have interesting consequences. Any features in the immediate Fe K energy band (6–7 keV) must have equivalent widths weaker than ∼30 eV for Holmberg IX X-1 and weaker than ∼50 eV for NGC 1313 X-1 (at 99 per cent confidence). In comparison to the sub-Eddington outflows observed in GRS 1915+105, which imprint iron absorption features with equivalent widths of ∼30 eV, the limits obtained here appear quite stringent, particularly when Holmberg IX X-1 and NGC 1313 X-1 must be expelling at least 5–10 times as much material if they host black holes of similar masses. The difficulty in reconciling these observational limits with the presence of strong line-of-sight outflows suggests that either these sources are not launching such outflows or they must be directed away from our viewing
Treatment of post‐herpetic neuralgia: Antidepressants

Five controlled clinical trials and extensive clinical experience have shown that amitriptyline and several other antidepressants reduce the severity of post‐herpetic neuralgia. Studies in post‐herpetic neuralgia and in painful diabetic neuropathy suggest that blockade of norepinephrine reuptake is the most important action accounting for pain relief; selective agents such as desipramine may be useful in patients unable to tolerate amitriptyline side effects. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, zimelidine and paroxetine, have shown little effectiveness in neuropathic pain, but small studies in diabetic neuropathy have shown that paroxetine and citalopram have modest effects. Studies of the latter agents in post‐herpetic neuralgia, concentration‐response studies of amitriptyline, and studies of drug combinations including antidepressants may lead to improved treatment.
Optical methods for noninvasive determination of carotenoids in human and animal skin

Abstract. Carotenoids are important substances for human skin due to their powerful antioxidant properties in reaction of neutralization of free radicals and especially reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen. Concentration of carotenoids in the skin could mirror the current redox status of the skin and should be investigated in vivo. Optical methods are ideally suited for determination of carotenoids in mammalian skin in vivo as they are both noninvasive and quick. Four different optical methods could be used for in vivo measurement of carotenoids in the human or animal skin: (1) resonance Raman spectroscopy; (2) Raman microscopy; (3) reflection spectroscopy; (4) skin color measurements. The advantages, shortcomings, and limitations of the above-mentioned optical methods are discussed.
Special section on assertive community treatment: an introduction.

No psychosocial intervention has influenced current community mental health care more than assertive cornmunity treatment. During the early years of deinstitutionalization, when many people with severe mental illness failed to achieve stability in the community and cycled in and out of hospitals, a variety of communitybased interventions evolved. By far the most carefully defined, well documented, and successful of these interventions was developed in Madison, Wisconsin, where a group of clinicians and researchers established an intensive program of community care (1) that has since become known as assertive community treatment. The central idea of assertive community treatment was that a community-based team would provide a full range of medical, psychosocial, and rehabilitative services, analogous to care in a hospital, to prevent hospitalization ofclients by maximizing their skills and supports in the community. The model assumed that bringing care to the patient would obviate the problem of missed appointments and that skills learned in a naturalistic setting, rather than in the hospital, would be more likely to persist.
Don't ask, don't tell, but benzodiazepines are still the leading treatments for anxiety disorder.

Prescribe Benzodiazepines? Not Me! Modern guidelines for psychopharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders have evolved from recommending GABAergic (gammaaminobutryic acid) benzodiazepines to recommending serotonergic agents for first-line use. This trend, along with adverse publicity about the dependence potential of benzodiazepines, might lead one to suspect that benzodiazepines, once prominent in the 1980s but now generic and often disparaged, must have significantly declined in use. Not so. In fact, benzodiazepines are still more widely prescribed than antidepressants for the treatment of anxiety disorders (Table 1), and alprazolam is the single most commonly prescribed agent for mood and anxiety disorders
Locally Decodable and Updatable Non-Malleable Codes in the Bounded Retrieval Model

In a recent result, Dachman-Soled et al. (TCC ’15) proposed a new notion called locally decodable and updatable non-malleable codes, which informally, provides the security guarantees of a non-malleable code while also allowing for efficient random access. They also considered locally decodable and updatable non-malleable codes that are leakage-resilient, allowing for adversaries who continually leak information in addition to tampering. The bounded retrieval model (BRM) (cf. [Alwen et al., CRYPTO ’09] and [Alwen et al., EUROCRYPT ’10]) has been studied extensively in the setting of leakage resilience for cryptographic primitives. This threat model assumes that an attacker can learn information about the secret key, subject only to the constraint that the overall amount of leaked information is upper bounded by some value. The goal is then to construct cryptosystems whose secret key length grows with the amount of leakage, but whose runtime (assuming random access to the secret key) is independent of the leakage amount. In this work, we combine the above two notions and construct locally decodable and updatable nonmalleable codes in the split-state model, that are secure against bounded retrieval adversaries. Specifically, given leakage parameter `, we show how to construct an efficient, 3-split-state, locally decodable and updatable code (with CRS) that is secure against one-time leakage of any polynomial time, 3-splitstate leakage function whose output length is at most `, and one-time tampering via any polynomialtime 3-split-state tampering function. The locality we achieve is polylogarithmic in the security parameter.
Bilateral subthalamic nucleus lesion reverses L‐dopa‐induced motor fluctuations and facilitates dyskinetic movements in hemiparkinsonian rats

Glutamatergic overactivity might be involved in L‐dopa‐induced motor complications since glutamate antagonists reverse and prevent L‐dopa‐induced shortening in motor response duration in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned (6‐OHDA) rats and improve L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys and in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). An increase in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) glutamatergic activity is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of PD. However, the role of STN activity in L‐dopa‐induced motor complications is not so clear. In this study, the effect of STN lesions on L‐dopa‐induced motor response complications was investigated in rats with a nigrostriatal pathway lesion induced by 6‐OHDA. Animals were injected with 6‐OHDA in the medial forebrain bundle and treated with L‐dopa or saline for 22 days. On day 16, animals were randomly distributed in groups that underwent surgery in the STN ipsilateral or contralateral to 6‐OHDA lesion, or bilateral. Rotational behavior was measured on days 1, 15, and 22. Attenuation of STN activity by contralateral and bilateral, but not ipsilateral, STN lesion reversed the shortening in motor response duration induced by L‐dopa. L‐dopa administration, but not saline, induced prominent dyskinesias in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats with additional bilateral STN lesions. The results indicate that bilateral lesions of STN potentiate the duration of L‐dopa‐induced motor response and facilitate chronic L‐dopa‐induced abnormal involuntary movements in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats. The characteristics of the abnormal involuntary movements observed in these animals are similar to L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian patients and might be useful as an experimental model for the study of L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia. Synapse 51:140–150, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voice conversion based on RBF neural network

Recently, voice conversion has becoming the research hotspot, because of its widely application areas. However, the voice conversion technology is still immature. By the researching of existing voice conversion models, the voice conversion system based on the RBF neutral network was designed, and the system simulation was implemented. During conversion, the unvoiced speech was excluded and the voiced speech was reserved. The LPC was the extracted from the source and target speech, then convert the LPC to LSP. The LPS was trained by RBF neural network after time-aligned. Obtained mapping function was used to convert the source LSP to target LSP, and synthesis the speech. Finally, the converted speech evaluated by ABX and MOS to test the tendency and quality of the speech.
Toward Developing Complex Multivariate Models for Examining the Intimate Partner Violence-Physical Health Relationship

The excellent paper by Dr. Plichta presented a thorough review of findings related to the prevalence of acute and chronic direct injury outcomes associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). In addition, she reviewed findings related to health outcomes such as gastrointestinal disorders, altered immune functioning, and high-risk pregnancies that may be more indirectly associated with exposure to IPV. These indirect associations may be mediated by chronic stress, mental health outcomes such as major depression, health risk behaviors such as substance abuse, and poor self-care, including lack of preventive medical care. As Dr. Plichta noted, research to evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying IPV’s association with negative physical health outcomes is quite limited. Toward this end, it was recommended that longitudinal studies be conducted that assess specified models of potential direct and indirect health effects of IPV. In addition, more comprehensive understanding of actual injury and health outcomes associated with IPV still needs to be gained. As she suggested, one route to increasing our knowledge is to incorporate routine lifetime assessment of history of IPV and other violence within health care settings to observe associated health and injury patterns and to be able to provide optimal care.
Coronal Plane Imbalance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With Left Lumbar Curves Exceeding 40°: The Role of the Lumbosacral Hemicurve

Study Design. Retrospective radiographic analysis of the potential role the lumbosacral hemicurve has on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis coronal trunk imbalance. Objective. To determine if the lumbosacral hemicurve predisposes adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to coronal decompensation preoperatively and postoperatively. Summary of Background Data. Although coronal decompensation remains a clinical problem in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the literature regarding the role of potential intrinsic structural properties of the lumbosacral hemicurve is sparse. Methods. Fifty patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were used to measure several potential parameters predisposing to coronal decompensation including lumbosacral hemicurve magnitude and flexibility, sacral and iliac obliquity. Results. Overall, 84% (42/50) demonstrated preoperative decompensation. A more rigid lumbosacral hemicurve was significantly related to preoperative coronal decompensation in the combined and the King I groups. Preoperatively, significant correlation with decompensation was observed for sacral and iliac obliquity in the King I group and for iliac obliquity in the combined group. Postoperatively, coronal decompensation remained significantly correlated to sacral obliquity in the combined group and King I groups. Iliac obliquity was significantly related to postoperative decompensation in the combined group. Conclusions. The lumbosacral hemicurve represents an important structure predisposing to left coronal plane imbalance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that includes a large left lumbar curve as a component of the curve pattern. “At-risk” signs for persistent postoperative coronal decompensation include iliac and sacral obliquity noted on the preoperative standing full-length radiographs.
Generalized mixture of HMMs for continuous speech recognition

This paper presents a new technique for modeling heterogeneous data sources such as speech signals received via distinctly different channels. Such a scenario arises when an automatic speech recognition system is deployed in wireless telephony in which highly heterogeneous channels coexist and interoperate. The problem is that a simple model may become inadequate to describe accurately the diversity of the signal, resulting in an unsatisfactory recognition performance. To deal with such a problem, we propose a generalized mixture model (GMM) approach. For speech signals, in particular, we use mixtures of hidden Markov models (i.e., GMHMM, generalized mixture of HMMs). By applying discriminative training for GMHMM we obtained 1.0% word error rate for the recognition of the digits strings from the wireless database, comparing to 1.4% word error rate for the conventional HMM based discriminative technique.
Research and analysis of MRC and IRC algorithm based on L TE system

This paper mainly studies the theoretical analysis of MRC and IRC algorithm. The users at the edge of the community will suffer much more frequency interference which comes from neighborhood users, especially in the dense urban area. To improve uplink throughput, MRC adaptive algorithm and IRC adaptive algorithm can improve the performance effectively. Through the simulation results of the two algorithms, we can come to the conclusion that the IRC algorithm is better than the MRC algorithm in the case of greater interference. If the interference is larger, choose IRC, otherwise, choose MRC. The two algorithms have different performances under different jamming and different SNR.
Outage performance of NOMA‐based integrated satellite‐terrestrial networks with imperfect CSI

In this Letter, the authors consider the integrated satellite-terrestrial networks with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, where the satellite communicates with users through a decode-and-forward relay. The impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) is studied by adopting a pilot-based channel estimation. Closed-form outage probability expressions for each NOMA user are derived, as well as asymptotic expressions at high signal-to-noise ratio region. Simulation is implemented to confirm the validity of theoretical results and the superiority of the proposed NOMA scheme.
Stable Incidence of HIV Diagnoses Among Danish MSM Despite Increased Engagement in Unsafe Sex

Background:Since introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the prevalence of Danish HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) has increased substantially. In contrast, the incidence of MSM diagnosed with HIV has not increased, and this paradox has been the focus of intensive debate. Methods:Study period was 1995–2010. Data were obtained from 2 Danish nation-wide registries of HIV and syphilis, and 5 consecutive surveys on sexual behavior in Danish MSM. We calculated incidences of HIV and syphilis in MSM, prevalence of HIV-positive MSM with detectable viral load (>400 HIV RNA copies/mL), and changes in frequency of unprotected anal intercourse. We introduce The Cohort Community Reproductive Rate (CCRR) to describe the number of newly diagnosed MSM per HIV-positive MSM per year and used Poisson regression to model CCRR. Results:From 1995 to 2010, the prevalence of Danish MSM diagnosed with HIV increased from 1035 to 1813 (75%), whereas the number of HIV-positive MSM with detectable viral load (>400 HIV RNA copies/mL) decreased by 75% from 1035 to 262. The incidence of syphilis and unprotected anal intercourse rose dramatically in the same period, whereas CCRR decreased from 0.099 (95% confidence interval: 0.092 to 0.108) to 0.071 (95% confidence interval: 0.065 to 0.079). Conclusions:Our results strongly indicate that HAART has decreased the risk of transmission of HIV despite increased practice of unsafe sex and thereby substantiate that HAART should be offered to MSM to reduce risk of transmission of the disease.
Erythrocyte antioxidant defense response against cigarette smoking in humans—the glutathione S‐transferase vulnerability

Cigarette smoking leads to uptake of a multitude of reactive chemicals including many electrophiles and may also give rise to oxidative stress. Human red blood cells are important targets for electrophilic and oxidant foreign compounds. We investigated the oxidative stress in erythrocytes upon cigarette smoking, and the response of antioxidant defense system against it. With this aim, simultaneous determination of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se‐GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities and plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the degree of erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation (EMLP) were carried out in blood samples of smokers and their controls. Plasma TBARS levels and EMLP in smokers were significantly higher than the control levels (p < 0.01 and p < 0.005, respectively). SOD activity was diminished in smokers compared to nonsmoker controls (p < 0.005). Erythrocyte Se‐GPx activity was also found significantly diminished in smokers (p < 0.005), while plasma Se‐GPx activity was not changed. We observed that erythrocyte CAT activity was not different in smokers compared to nonsmoker controls. We found that the erythrocyte GST activity is significantly lower in young adult smokers (3.03 ± 0.18 U/mg protein; mean ± SEM; n = 46) than in nonsmoking contemporaries (3.98 ± 0.26 U/mg protein; mean ± SEM; n = 41). Together with previously reported data, it can be concluded that the decrease in GST activity leads to extra GST synthesis during erythrocyte proliferation. The same data were also analyzed for the sex differences. The statistically significant differences remained the same between nonsmoker and smoker females. Only EMLP degree and SOD activity were significantly different between nonsmoker and smoker males; however, when compared the parameters between male and female nonsmokers, GST activity was found to be significantly higher in females than that of males. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:226–233, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20088
Utilization of different oils and fats in cocoa hazelnut cream production

In this study, textural, rheological, particle size distribution (PSD), and sensory analyzes were performed to determine the possibility of using different oils or fats in production of cocoa hazelnut cream. The cream sample containing the margarine did not show oil separation as in the control samples. The closest accelerated fat separation values to the control samples were observed in cream samples containing margarine (6.87%) and sunflower seed oil (9.87%). The numerical D[4,3] values, represent the volume weighted mean particle diameter, obtained in samples with olive, sunflower seed, and palm super olein oils resembled results for control samples. Among the experimental samples, cream samples with hazelnut, margarine, and sunflower seed oils had the highest flavor and aroma scores. As fat or oil solidity increased, the oil separations and the flow behavior index decreased; however, the spreadability, stickiness, consistency index, apparent viscosity, the storage, and loss modulus and PSD parameters increased. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showed the effects of different fats and oils on technological characteristics of cocoa hazelnut cream. The results obtained will be beneficial in selecting the oils or fats in the production of cocoa hazelnut cream and determining the appropriate mixing ratios of them. Considering the cost and technological properties, anhydrous margarine, and sunflower seed oil could be suggested.
Barbie-Cueing Weight Perception

It was previously reported that Barbie feels heavier than Ken when both dolls are matched for mass. However, we felt it was unclear from this earlier report if the effects went beyond a typical size-weight illusion. By providing better controls, we conclude more confidently that doll features other than size influence weight perception. Specifically, conceptual knowledge, in the form of culturally reinforced biases, seems to affect how we perceive their weight.