Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The comparison of multislice computed tomography coronary angiography and invasive coronary angiography for the detection of coronary artery pathologies

Objective: We aimed to compare the findings of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) coronary angiography and conventional coronary angiography (CCA) in the assessment of coronary artery obstructions and to identify the role of MSCT in the diagnosis of coronary artery pathologies. Methods: 50 patients (42 males and 8 females, mean age 56±4 years) underwent MSCT followed by CCA within 4 weeks. The patients were on sinus rhythm, could hold their breaths for at least 15 second and had creatinine levels below 1.5 mg/dL. The numbers and rates of obstructions identified in the proximal, middle and distal segments of the coronary arteries with MSCT were compared to those identified with CCA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: MSCT had sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for proximal segment obstructions of 95%, 92%, 92%, and 95%, respectively; for middle segment obstructions: 95%, 96%, 94%, and 97%, respectively; and for distal segment obstructions: 92%, 96%, 80%, and 98%, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows us that MSCT is a reliable diagnostic tool in the assessment of coronary arteries, especially in the presence of proximal and middle segment obstructions. Being a non-invasive imaging modality that can be used for screening and diagnosis purposes in symptomatic or non-symptomatic coronary artery disease patients with low-to-moderate risks, MSCT is a candidate technique for more effective and widespread use thanks to the rapid developments in its technology and its continuously increasing success rates.
Symmetry and Correspondence of Algorithmic Complexity over Geometric, Spatial and Topological Representations

We introduce a definition of algorithmic symmetry in the context of geometric and spatial complexity able to capture mathematical aspects of different objects using as a case study polyominoes and polyhedral graphs. We review, study and apply a method for approximating the algorithmic complexity (also known as Kolmogorov–Chaitin complexity) of graphs and networks based on the concept of Algorithmic Probability (AP). AP is a concept (and method) capable of recursively enumerate all properties of computable (causal) nature beyond statistical regularities. We explore the connections of algorithmic complexity—both theoretical and numerical—with geometric properties mainly symmetry and topology from an (algorithmic) information-theoretic perspective. We show that approximations to algorithmic complexity by lossless compression and an Algorithmic Probability-based method can characterize spatial, geometric, symmetric and topological properties of mathematical objects and graphs.
EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL IN MIXED TRAFFIC

This paper discusses the impacts of Adaptive (Intelligent) Cruise Control (ACC) laws on traffic flow. Vehicles equipped with ACC, with the capability to automatically follow each other in the same lane will coexist with manually driven vehicles on the existing roadway system before they become universal. This mixed fleet scenario creates new capacity and safety issues. In this paper, simulation results of various mixed fleet scenarios under different ACC laws are presented. Explicit comparison of two ACC laws, Constant Time Headway (CTH) and Variable Time Headway (VTH), are based on these results. It is found that the latter one has better performance in terms of capacity and stability of traffic. Throughput increases with the proportion of CTH vehicles when flow is below capacity conditions. But above capacity, speed variability increases and speed drops with the CTH traffic compared with manual traffic, while the VTH traffic always performs better
Governing for Improved Quality and Patient Safety Best On Board

38 IN THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT of reform, a national agenda for health care quality and safety is unfolding and there is widespread concern about inadequate progress, especially in hospitals. Although our country has some of the best-equipped hospitals and best-trained clinicians in the world, evidence clearly shows that performance is frequently below par. For example, studies show that U.S. adults receive only about half of recommended care for various conditions and that tens of thousands die annually from preventable errors. Board members have a critical oversight role to play in monitoring and providing direction to improve health care quality and safety. Nurse leaders are already familiar with current tools and processes used to assess and improve patient care in hospitals. However, knowing how the quality movement has evolved can help them understand the way boards view and monitor hospital quality performance to ensure delivery of high-quality, safe care for patients. In fact, quality is now one of the key areas of emphasis for health care organizations and their boards – equally important, if not more critical, than the hospital’s financial status.
SINGLE-PORT FIVE-TRANSISTOR SRAM CELL WITH REDUCED LEAKAGE CURRENT IN STANDBY

In this paper, a new single-port five-transistor (5T) Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell with integrated read/write assist is proposed. Amongst the assist circuitry, a voltage control circuit is coupled to the sources corresponding to driver transistors of each row memory cells. This configuration is aimed to control the source voltages of driver transistors under different operating modes. Specifically, during a write operation, by means of sizing the driver transistor close to bitline to resolve the write ‘1’ issue. In addition, associated with a two-stage reading mechanism to increase the reading speed and to avoid unnecessary power consumption. Finally, with the standby start-up circuit design, the cell can switch to the standby mode quickly, thereby reduce leakage current in standby.
Backward Masked Snakes and Guns Modulate Spatial Attention

Fearful faces are important social cues that alert others of potential threat. Even backward masked fearful faces facilitate spatial attention. However, visual stimuli other than fearful faces can signal potential threat. Indeed, unmasked snakes and spiders modulate spatial attention. Yet, it is unclear if the rapid threat-related facilitation of spatial attention to backward masked stimuli is elicited by non-face threat cues. Evolutionary theories claim that phylogenetic threats (i.e. snakes and spiders) should preferentially elicit an automatic fear response, but it is untested as to whether this response extends to enhancements in spatial attention under restricted processing conditions. Thirty individuals completed a backward masking dot-probe task with both evolutionary relevant and irrelevant threat cues. The results suggest that backward masked visual fear stimuli modulate spatial attention. Both evolutionary relevant (snake) and irrelevant (gun) threat cues facilitated spatial attention.
The Connection between Microstructural Damage Modeling and Continuum Damage Modeling for Eutectic Sn-Pb Solder Alloys

Researchers resort to a wide range of simplified representations at the continuum scale, to model creep-fatigue damage in viscoplastic heterogeneous materials, such as Sn-Pb eutectic solders, caused by thermomechanical and mechanical cyclic loading (e.g., due to power cycling, environmental temperature cycling, vibration, etc.). Typically, in macroscale phenomenological damage models, the cyclic damage is assumed to depend on some loading parameter, such as cyclic strain range, work dissipation per cycle, partitioned strain range, partitioned work dissipation per cycle, cyclic entropy changes, cyclic stress range, integrated matrix creep, etc. In many instances, some of these variables are weighted with a factor to account for rate-dependent effects. The task of finding the best damage metric is difficult because of complex microstructural interactions between cyclic creep and cyclic plasticity due to the high homologous temperature under operating conditions. In this study, we use insights obtained from microstructural and more mechanistic modeling to identify the most appropriate macroscale damage metrics. The microstructural models are based on such phenomena as grain boundary sliding, blocking of grain boundary sliding by second-phase particles, volumetric and grain boundary surface diffusion, void nucleation, void growth, and plastic collapse of cavitating grain boundaries. As has been demonstrated in the literature, micro-structural models suggest that fatigue damage caused by cyclic plasticity should correlate well with either of the two most commonly used damage indicators: cyclic strain range and plastic work dissipation per cycle. This study, however, demonstrates that in the case of damage dominated by cyclic creep, microstructural models developed by the authors indicate closer correlation of fatigue damage with creep work dissipation per cycle, than with cyclic creep strain range.
A TAXONOMY OF RETAIL BANKS' DELIVERY SYSTEM STRATEGIES

This paper presents the results of an empirical study of delivery patterns for typical banking products. The study is based on a national sample survey of 117 United States retail banks. The paper uses clustering techniques to identify general "strategic groups" of retail banks. Each group is characterized by a distinctive type of service delivery system design strategy. Note: Paper presented to the 1988 National Academy of Management Meeting, Anaheim, CA. , August 7-10. 1 Professor of Production, Technology and Operations Management, IESE 2 Professor, Boston University
A Survey of Content-based Music Similarity

The growth of digital music and consumable devices industry has resulted in the existence of hundreds of millions of music pieces. It has caused several problems like organizing the music library or recommending music to be extremely urging and hard, which all address the same question: how to find similar music? This paper explores the methods that use computer algorithms to assess music similarity, where the degree of similarity is based solely on the musical contents. By extracting several kinds of features from low-level features like timbre to some higher-level features which have musical meanings, the similarity between songs is assessed by comparing the quantitative distance between features.
Optimal Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station Placement Based on Game Theoretical Framework

To reduce the air pollution and improve the energy efficiency, many countries and cities (e.g., Singapore) are on the way of introducing electric vehicles (EVs) to replace the vehicles serving in current traffic system. Effective placement of charging stations is essential for the rapid development of EVs, because it is necessary for providing convenience for EVs and ensuring the efficiency of the traffic network. However, existing works mostly concentrate on the mileage anxiety from EV users but ignore their strategic and competitive charging behaviors. To capture the competitive and strategic charging behaviors of the EV users, we consider that an EV user’s charging cost, which is dependent on other EV users’ choices, consists of the travel cost to access the charging station and the queuing cost in charging stations. First, we formulate the Charging Station Placement Problem (CSPP) as a bilevel optimization problem. Then, by exploiting the equilibrium of the EV charging game, we convert the bilevel optimization problem to a single-level one, following which we analyze the properties of CSPP and propose an algorithm Optimizing eleCtric vEhicle chArging statioN (OCEAN) to compute the optimal allocation of charging stations. Due to OCEAN’s scalability issue, we furthermore present a heuristic algorithm OCEAN with Continuous variables to deal with large-scale real-world problems. Finally, we demonstrate and discuss the results of the extensive experiments we did. It is shown that our approach outperform baseline methods significantly.
Neighborhood Safety and Diabetic Health: Examining the Associations between Neighborhood Safety and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes are increasing in the U.S. Effective diabetes management is essential to ensure healthy outcomes and avoid severe diabetes sequelae including blindness, myocardial infarction, and early mortality. Research and interventions on diabetes management have primarily targeted changes in individual level risk factors related to physical activity, diet, and medication adherence. Features of neighborhoods, such as neighborhood safety may also be risk factors for poor diabetic management. Research has associated neighborhoods with diabetes incidence and prevalence but few studies focus diabetic populations. To this end, the overall goal of these analyses is to examine how neighborhood safety is associated with diabetic health.Methods: Chapter 1 provides an introduction and overview to the diabetes and neighborhood safety literature. Three analyses investigating research aims related to neighborhood safety and diabetic management and health will be conducted over three chapters, as follows: Chapter 2: Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Crime in Relation to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among type II diabetics, Chapter 3: Examining associations between police recorded crime and stress among type II diabetics, and Chapter 4: Examining associations between police recorded crime and obesity among type II diabetics. Chapter 5 provides a summary of findings, implications, and recommendations.This study will use data from the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE), one of the largest, racially and ethnically diverse U.S. cohorts of diabetics followed in a managed care health system. This cohort was established to study social determinants of diabetes and is ideally suited to explore how neighborhood safety, using measures of perceived and objective crime, influence stress and cardiometabolic risk factors such as glycemic control and body mass index.Discussion and Significance: Diabetics are at risk for a multitude of diabetic complications and early mortality. Understanding how neighborhood level risk factors affect diabetic health may help alleviate diabetes sequelae. Contextual risk factors such as neighborhood crime and safety may be amenable to policy changes and may lead to additional effective interventions for diabetics.
Approaches to Endow Ribonucleases with Antitumor Activity: Lessons Learned from the Native Cytotoxic Ribonucleases

Typical antitumor drugs disrupt the flow of biochemical information from DNA to proteins with the aim of precluding uncontrolled cell proliferation and inducing cancer cell apoptosis. However, most of the currently used small antitumor drugs are genotoxic because they act over DNA. Pharmaceutical industry is now searching for a new line of cancer chemotherapeutics without genotoxic effects. Ribonucleases (RNases) are small basic proteins, present in all life forms, which belong to this kind of chemotherapeutics. Some of them present with remarkable selective antitumor activity linked to their ability to destroy RNA, a powerful way to control gene expression, leaving DNA unharmed. In the last two decades, the knowledge gained on the cytotoxic mechanism of these RNases has been used to engineer more powerful and selective variants to kill cancer cells. In this chapter, we describe the advances reached in endowing an RNase with antitumor abilities.
Learning to act by integrating mental simulations and physical experiments

People can learn about the effects of their actions either by performing physical experiments or by running mental simulations. Physical experiments are reliable but risky; mental simulations are unreliable but safe. We investigate how people negotiate the balance between these strategies. Participants attempted to shoot a ball at a target, and could pay to take practice shots (physical experiments). They could also simply think (run mental simulations), but were incentivized to act quickly by paying for time. We demonstrate that the amount of thinking time and physical experiments is sensitive to trial characteristics in a way that is consistent with a model that integrates information across simulation and experimentation and decides online when to perform each.
This study adopts a “ precipitation object ” approach by using 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ( TRMM ) Precipitation

[1] This study adopts a “precipitation object” approach by using 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Feature (PF) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data to study rainfall structure and environmental factors associated with extreme heavy rain events. Characteristics of instantaneous extreme volumetric PFs are examined and compared to those of intermediate and small systems. It is found that instantaneous PFs exhibit a much wider scale range compared to the daily gridded precipitation accumulation range. The top 1% of the rainiest PFs contribute over 55% of total rainfall and have 2 orders of rain volume magnitude greater than those of the median PFs. We find a threshold near the top 10% beyond which the PFs grow exponentially into larger, deeper, and colder rain systems. NCEP reanalyses show that midlevel relative humidity and total precipitable water increase steadily with increasingly larger PFs, along with a rapid increase of 500 hPa upward vertical velocity beyond the top 10%. This provides the necessary moisture convergence to amplify and sustain the extreme events. The rapid increase in vertical motion is associated with the release of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in mature systems, as is evident in the increase in CAPE of PFs up to 10% and the subsequent dropoff. The study illustrates distinct stages in the development of an extreme rainfall event including (1) a systematic buildup in large-scale temperature and moisture, (2) a rapid change in rain structure, (3) explosive growth of the PF size, and (4) a release of CAPE before the demise of the event.
Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus Strain B-6 Multienzyme Complex: A Novel System for Biomass Utilization

© 2013 Ratanakhanokchai et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus Strain B-6 Multienzyme Complex: A Novel System for Biomass Utilization
Psychosocial Factors and Bruxism - A Review. -

Bruxism is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. It is the third most common of the many parafunctional activities of the masticatory system. Bruxism has a multifactorial etiology, which includes morphological, pathophysiological and psychosocial factors. Psychosocial variables such as anxiety, hostility, and intrapunitive reactions to frustrating situations are significantly correlated with bruxing behavior. Due to its multifactorial nature, it is important to establish the diagnosis of bruxism based on the possible etiological factors of this condition and not only on the clinical symptoms. This way, the identification of behavioral problems and emotional stress may improve the understanding of the interaction of these factors in the development or worsening of bruxism. This narrative review encompasses the role of psychosocial factors such as anxiety, stress and characteristics of personality in the etiology and management of bruxism.
Visceral Fat Cut-off Points for a Sample of Egyptian Adults

Abstract Objective: To determine appropriate visceral fat cut-off values using ultrasound (USVF); for obesity according to existing waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and BMI cut-off levels. Methods: 998 Egyptian adults, aged 25- 55 years, were studied in a cross-sectional survey for evaluation of “Visceral and Central Obesity as an Early Estimator for Obesity Health Risk”. Results: Using WC as standard for classification of central obesity, cut-off points of USVF were found to be 6.5 cm for men and 5 cm for women; using ROC analysis; with 76 % sensitivity, 83% specificity, 1.06 PPV/NPV, and 81% accuracy for men, and with 77 % sensitivity, 76% specificity, 0.99 PPV/NPV, and 76% accuracy for women. Same cut-off points of USVF were detected using BMI as standard; with 71 % sensitivity, 77% specificity, 1.04 PPV/NPV, and 75% accuracy for men, and 74% sensitivity, 79% specificity, 1.03 PPV/NPV, and 77% accuracy for women. Even by using WHR as standard, these cut-offs increased 0.5 cm only for both men and women (7 and 5.5 cm respectively). Conclusion: The best cut-off points of visceral fat; using US in Egyptian adults; is 6.5 cm for men and 5 cm for women.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL HEALTH

▪ Abstract Energy and energy technologies have a central role in social and economic development at all scales, from household and community to regional and national. Among its welfare effects, energy is closely linked with public health both positively and negatively, the latter through environmental pollution and degradation. We review the current research on how energy use and energy technologies influence public health, emphasizing the risks associated with indoor and ambient air pollution from energy use, and the links between the local and global environmental health impacts of energy use. This review illustrates that, despite their large public health implications, most energy policies and programs in the developing world are fundamentally treated as components of overall economic development, without explicit assessment of their health benefits or hazards. Closer integration of health in energy management can facilitate the development of policies and programs that increase welfare and minimize ne.
Systematic Estimates of Initial-Value Decadal Predictability for Six AOGCMs

Initial-value predictability measures the degree to which the initial state can influence predictions. In this paper, the initial-value predictability of six atmosphere–ocean general circulation models in the North Pacific and North Atlantic is quantified and contrasted by analyzing long control integrations with time invariant external conditions. Through the application of analog and multivariate linear regression methodologies, average predictability properties are estimated for forecasts initiated from every state on the control trajectories. For basinwide measures of predictability, the influence of the initial state tends to last for roughly a decade in both basins, but this limit varies widely among the models, especially in the North Atlantic. Within each basin, predictability varies regionally by as much as a factor of 10 for a given model, and the locations of highest predictability are different for each model. Model-to-model variations in predictability are also seen in the behavior of prominent intrinsic basin modes. Predictability is primarily determined by the mean of forecast distributions rather than the spread about the mean. Horizontal propagation plays a large role in the evolution of these signals and is therefore a key factor in differentiating the predictability of the various models.