Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renewable energy in distributed energy efficient content delivery clouds

In this paper, we develop a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to study the impact of renewable energy availability, represented by wind farms, on the location of clouds and the content replication schemes of cloud content over IP/WDM networks. In our analysis, we assume that renewable energy is only available to power clouds while the IP/WDM network is powered by non-renewable energy. Our results show that popularity based replication in clouds is the most energy efficient content replication scheme when the clouds are powered only by non-renewable energy sources or when renewable energy availability is limited. With abundant renewable energy, a cloud with a full copy of the content can be built at each node. However, the model should achieve a trade-off between the transmission power losses to deliver renewable energy from wind farms to clouds and the non-renewable power consumption of the IP/WDM network. We discuss this trade-off and show how to optimize the transmission power losses of renewable energy while minimizing the non-renewable network power consumption.
DRUG RESISTANCE : A BURNING QUESTIONABLE ISSUE IN DRUG THERAPY

Environmental pollution and injudicious use of drugs tend to proliferate the phenomenon of reduced efficiency of drugs. The term resistance thus implies decrease responsiveness towards the chemotherapeutic agents and other drugs to which an individual is prior sensitive at recommended dose level. Improper use and unethical implications of antibiotic therapy is also responsible for the same. The present article thus brief about the mechanism of resistance and their outward manifestations in the microorganisms.
A unigene set for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and its use to decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in dormancy regulation

Systematic sequencing is the method of choice for generating genomic resources for molecular marker development and candidate gene identification in nonmodel species. We generated 47 357 Sanger ESTs and 2.2M Roche‐454 reads from five cDNA libraries for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). This tree species of high ecological and economic value in Europe is among the most representative trees of deciduous broadleaf forests. The sequences generated were assembled into 21 057 contigs with MIRA software. Functional annotations were obtained for 85% of these contigs, from the proteomes of four plant species, Swissprot accessions and the Gene Ontology database. We were able to identify 28 079 in silico SNPs for future marker development. Moreover, RNAseq and qPCR approaches identified genes and gene networks regulated differentially between two critical phenological stages preceding vegetative bud burst (the quiescent and swelling buds stages). According to climatic model‐based projection, some European beech populations may be endangered, particularly at the southern and eastern edges of the European distribution range, which are strongly affected by current climate change. This first genomic resource for the genus Fagus should facilitate the identification of key genes for beech adaptation and management strategies for preserving beech adaptability.
Investigation of parameters influencing incorporation, retention and cellular cytotoxicity in liposomal formulations of poorly soluble camptothecin

Abstract Improving tumor delivery of lipophilic drugs through identifying advanced drug carrier systems with efficient carrier potency is of high importance. We have performed an investigative approach to identify parameters that affect liposomes’ ability to effectively deliver lipophilic camptothecin (CPT) to target cells. CPT is a potent anticancer drug, but its undesired physiological properties are impairing its therapeutic use. In this study, we have identified parameters influencing incorporation and retention of lipophilic CPT in liposomes, evaluating the effect of lipid composition, lipid chemical structure (head and tail group variations, polymer inclusion), zeta potential and anisotropy. Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) surface decoration was included to avoid liposome fusing and increase the potential for prolonged in vivo circulation time. The in vitro effect of the different carrier formulations on cell cytotoxicity was compared and the effect of active targeting of one of the formulations was evaluated. We found that a combination of liposome surface charge, lipid headgroup and carbon chain unsaturation affect CPT incorporation. Retention in liposomes was highly dependent on the liposomal surroundings and liposome zeta potential. Inclusion of lipid tethered PEG provided stability and prevented liposome fusing. PEGylation negatively affected CPT incorporation while improving retention. In vitro cell culture testing demonstrated that all formulations increased CPT potency compared to free CPT, while cationic formulations proved significantly more toxic to cancer cells that healthy cells. Finally, antibody mediated targeting of one liposome formulation further enhanced the selectivity towards targeted cancer cells, rendering normal cells fully viable after 1 hour exposure to targeted liposomes.
Evidence of validity for the Japanese version of the foot and ankle ability measure.

CONTEXT The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a valid, reliable, and self-reported outcome instrument for the foot and ankle region. OBJECTIVE To provide evidence for translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Japanese version of the FAAM (FAAM-J). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Collegiate athletic training/sports medicine clinical setting. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Eighty-three collegiate athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) All participants completed the Activities of Daily Living and Sports subscales of the FAAM-J and the Physical Functioning and Mental Health subscales of the Japanese version of the Short Form-36v2 (SF-36). Also, 19 participants (23%) whose conditions were expected to be stable completed another FAAM-J 2 to 6 days later for test-retest reliability. We analyzed the scores of those subscales for convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. RESULTS The Activities of Daily Living and Sports subscales of the FAAM-J had correlation coefficients of 0.86 and 0.75, respectively, with the Physical Functioning section of the SF-36 for convergent validity. For divergent validity, the correlation coefficients with Mental Health of the SF-36 were 0.29 and 0.27 for each subscale, respectively. Cronbach α for internal consistency was 0.99 for the Activities of Daily Living and 0.98 for the Sports subscale. A 95% confidence interval with a single measure was ±8.1 and ±14.0 points for each subscale. The test-retest reliability measures revealed intraclass correlation coefficient values of 0.87 for the Activities of Daily Living and 0.91 for the Sports subscales with minimal detectable changes of ±6.8 and ±13.7 for the respective subscales. CONCLUSIONS The FAAM was successfully translated for a Japanese version, and the FAAM-J was adapted cross-culturally. Thus, the FAAM-J can be used as a self-reported outcome measure for Japanese-speaking individuals; however, the scores must be interpreted with caution, especially when applied to different populations and other types of injury than those included in this study.
Kommunale Anpassung an den Klimawandel: Quito (Ecuador) aus dem Blickwinkel Governmentalität

Der Artikel analysiert die Adaptationsstrategie an den Klimawandel des Metropolitandistriktes Quito. Als methodisches Instrument dient der Ansatz 'Governmentalitat'. Mit dem Ansatz "Governmentalitat' konnen bisher in der Diskussion um den Klimawandel ausgeblendete Faktoren sichtbar gemacht werden, und auf der Basis eines konkreten Beispiels neue Aspekte in die Diskussion eingefuhrt werden: die Nutzung lokalen Wissens und der Stellenwert sozio-okonomischer Beitrage zum Klimawandel. Als wesentliche Ergebnisse konnen zusammengefasst werden: 1) In Quito wurde eine Strategie erarbeitet, die auf der Ebene 'Ziele des Regierungshandelns' deutlich von den bekannten Modellen absetzt, die sehr stark okologisch oder wirtschaftlich ausgerichtet sind. Der Vorschlag ist zudem in die nationale und kommunale Planung integriert, nimmt die Vorgaben uberregionaler lateinamerikanischer Programme auf. 2) Lokales Wissen wird integriert, es soll explizit uber die Verwaltung des Metropolitandistriktes gefordert werden. 3) Es werden sozio-okonomische Instrumente eingesetzt, z.B. Institutionen-Entwicklung, Management von Wissen und Kapazitaten, Aufbau und Nutzung internationaler Gemeindenetzwerke. 4) Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Modellen der Governmentalitat besteht ein neues Regierungsverstandnis: die Gemeinderegierung koordiniert den Prozess der Adaptation an den Klimawandel. Uber den Ansatz 'Forderung von offentlichen Belangen und Raumen' soll die Zivilgesellschaft integrieren werden.
“Errorless” Rehabilitation: Strategies of Proactive Intervention for Individuals with Brain Injury and Their Children

Background:Individuals with brain injury are prone to severe behavior problems related to various postinjury variables, including confusion, emotional distress, fear of challenging activity, and loss of skills to access desired outcomes. Objectives:This article proposes the use of a new model, errorless rehabilitation, to improve rehabilitation outcomes by systematically focusing on graduated and success-based exposure of clients with brain injury to increasingly demanding circumstances, to provide them with the ability to tolerate and manage the natural environment. Main Outcome Measures:Research on difficulties parents with brain injury experience with their children is subsequently reviewed and a new approach (based on the same principles as Errorless Rehabilitation) to treatment of parent-child relationship issues after brain injury is described. Conclusions:A case study of a father with brain injury and his oppositional son is presented to demonstrate a specific application of this model for enhancing the quality of life of parents with such impairments.
Global bifurcational approach to the onset of spatio-temporal chaos in reaction diffusion systems

A new criterion for the onset of spatio-temporal chaos arising in the Gray-Scott model is presented. This is based on the interrelationship of global bifurcating branches of stationary or periodic solutions with respect to the removal rate contained in the model, especially their locations of saddle-node points and the Hopf bifurcation point of a constant state play a key role. At the onset point there exists a generalized heteroclinic cycle on the whole line and spatio-temporal chaos emerges by unfolding this cycle.
The invariant chain inhibits presentation of endogenous antigens by a human fibroblast cell line

The human fibroblast cell line, M1, expressing the products of transfected DRA and DRB1*0101 genes (M1‐DR1) was unable to present intact influenza antigens to a series of DR1‐restricted human T cell lines and clones, but was fully able to present synthetic peptides for T cell recognition. In contrast, M1‐DR1 cells infected with live influenza virus were recognized by two polyclonal hemagglutinin‐ or whole virus‐specific T cell lines and one of four T cell clones. This difference could not be accounted for simply by the ability of infectious virus to overcome a defect in antigen uptake by the M1‐DR1 cells, in that direct studies of endocytosis showed that the M1 cells were more efficient than human B cells in the internalization of exogenous protein. These data suggested that the M1 cells were unable to present exogenous antigens but were capable of loading major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules with peptides derived from endogenous antigens. To investigate this further, the M1‐DR1 cells were super‐transfected with a cDNA encoding the p33 and p35 forms of the human invariant chain (Ii). Expression of the Ii chain was detected by intracytoplasmic staining of transfectants, and by metabolic labeling. Equimolar amounts of the p33 and p35 forms were detected, and the high level of p35 Ii was reflected by extensive retention of Ii protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Addition of the Ii chain led to no recovery of presentation of intact antigens with DR1, but inhibited the presentation of live virus. These data indicate that MHC class II molecules in the M1‐DR1 cells can be loaded with peptides derived from endogenous proteins, possibly in the biosynthetic pathway, and that the Ii chain has a role in limiting this route of class II antigen presentation.
Akt as a Mediator of Secretory Phospholipase A2 Receptor-Involved Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression 1

The induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by group IIA phospholipase A2 (PLA2) involves the stimulation of a novel signaling cascade. In this study, we demonstrate that group IIA PLA2 up-regulates the expression of iNOS through a novel pathway that includes M-type secretory PLA2 receptor (sPLA2R), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt. Group IIA PLA2 stimulated iNOS expression and promoted nitrite production in a dose- and time-dependent manner in Raw264.7 cells. Upon treating with group IIA PLA2, Akt is phosphorylated in a PI3K-dependent manner. Pretreatment with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, strongly suppressed group IIA PLA2-induced iNOS expression and PI3K/Akt activation. The promoter activity of iNOS was stimulated by group IIA PLA2, and this was suppressed by LY294002. Transfection with Akt cDNA resulted in Akt protein overexpression in Raw264.7 cells and effectively enhanced the group IIA PLA2-induced reporter activity of the iNOS promoter. M-type sPLA2R was highly expressed in Raw264.7 cells. Overexpression of M-type sPLA2R enhanced group IIA PLA2-induced promoter activity and iNOS protein expression, and these effects were abolished by LY294002. However, site-directed mutation in residue responsible for PLA2 catalytic activity markedly reduced their ability to production of nitrites and expression of iNOS. These results suggest that group IIA PLA2 induces nitrite production by involving of M-type sPLA2R, which then mediates signal transduction events that lead to PI3K/Akt activation.
Biological and behavioural impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention in Tanzania: a community-randomized trial

Objective:The impact of a multicomponent intervention programme on the sexual health of adolescents was assessed in rural Tanzania. Design:A community-randomized trial. Methods:Twenty communities were randomly allocated to receive either a specially designed programme of interventions (intervention group) or standard activities (comparison group). The intervention had four components: community activities; teacher-led, peer-assisted sexual health education in years 5–7 of primary school; training and supervision of health workers to provide ‘youth-friendly’ sexual health services; and peer condom social marketing. Impacts on HIV incidence, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) and other sexual health outcomes were evaluated over approximately 3 years in 9645 adolescents recruited in late 1998 before entering years 5, 6 or 7 of primary school. Results:The intervention had a significant impact on knowledge and reported attitudes, reported sexually transmitted infection symptoms, and several behavioural outcomes. Only five HIV seroconversions occurred in boys, whereas in girls the adjusted rate ratio (intervention versus comparison) was 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34, 1.66]. Overall HSV2 prevalences at follow-up were 11.9% in male and 21.1% in female participants, with adjusted prevalence ratios of 0.92 (CI 0.69, 1.22) and 1.05 (CI 0.83, 1.32), respectively. There was no consistent beneficial or adverse impact on other biological outcomes. The beneficial impact on knowledge and reported attitudes was confirmed by results of a school examination in a separate group of students in mid-2002. Conclusion:The intervention substantially improved knowledge, reported attitudes and some reported sexual behaviours, especially in boys, but had no consistent impact on biological outcomes within the 3-year trial period.
AMMONIA REMOVAL FROM COMPOST LACHATE USING ZEOLITE. II. A STUDY USING CONTINUOUS FLOW PACKED COLUMNS

Bench-scale packed zeolite columns were set up and operated to investigate the continuous removal of ammonium ions from compost leachate. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), and particle size of the zeolite on the ammonia adsorption capacity were studied. For both the coarse particle and the powdered zeolite columns, higher ammonia removal efficiencies were achieved with longer HRT (i.e., lower influent flow rate) tests. At the same HRT, ammonia removal efficiencies from tests with powdered zeolite were generally 20% higher than tests with the coarse particle zeolite. A HRT of 6 hours was found appropriate for efficient ammonia removal, and an operating capacity of 1.31 mg N/g zeolite was obtained. Over 98% of the ammonia input from the influent was consistently removed for over 5 bed volumes (BV) of compost leachate flowing through the zeolite column. Zeolite proved to have a great potential as a medium for ammonia removal in treating composting leachate.
Power Efficient Scattered Pilot Channel Estimation for FBMC/OQAM

—Filter bank multicarrier transmission with offset-QAM (FBMC/OQAM) is a promising candidate waveform for the next mobile communication systems as it is well suited for many new scenarios and challenges like improved spectral efﬁciency, spectrum sharing approaches or high mobility scenarios. It does not require a cyclic preﬁx (CP) leading to a higher spectral efﬁciency than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with CP (CP-OFDM) and the ﬂexibility of the transmit and receive ﬁlters enables higher throughput in spectral sharing and high mobility scenarios. One aspect to be considered is efﬁcient channel estimation that is needed in order to realize these gains. As the classical channel estimation used for CP-OFDM cannot be applied directly to FBMC/OQAM, new competitive solutions are needed. One promising solution for the pilot design suited for FBMC introduces an auxiliary pilot (precoding symbol) that nulliﬁes the intrinsic interference at the pilot position, but this leads to increased power on these auxiliary pilots. In this paper, a new non-linear scattered pilot design and channel estimation technique is proposed that addresses the problem of increased power of the auxiliary pilot. In addition to the reduced transmit power, we also observe that the receive power at the pilot position is increased with this new proposal which leads to an improved channel estimation performance.
Current trends in cardiac CT in children

Cardiac CT is increasingly utilized in children thanks to advanced scan techniques reducing cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts. Consequently, clinical indications of cardiac CT are not confined to the extracardiac evaluation and extended further to the assessment of intracardiac structures, coronary arteries, ventricular volumetry, and ventricular function. In addition, dual-energy CT allows the assessment of regional lung perfusion and ventilation. Four-dimensional airway evaluation is also useful and may be added to cardiac CT protocols. At the same time, a favorable risk-benefit ratio of cardiac CT can be achieved by means of various dose-saving techniques. Therefore, flexible scan techniques with minimal motion artifacts, low dose techniques without compromising excellent image quality, and extended clinical applications towards truly cardiac assessments constitute current trends in cardiac CT in children.
Antioxidant therapy does not reduce pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis: the ANTICIPATE study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated whether antioxidant therapy reduces pain and improves quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis. METHODS We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial that compared the effects of antioxidant therapy with placebo in 70 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Patients provided 1 month of baseline data and were followed for 6 months while receiving either antioxidant therapy (Antox version 1.2, Pharma Nord, Morpeth, UK) or matched placebo (2 tablets, 3 times/day). The primary analysis was baseline-adjusted change in pain score at 6 months, assessed by an 11-point numeric rating scale. Secondary analyses included alternative assessments of clinical and diary pain scores, scores on quality-of-life tests (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC-QLQ-C30], Quality of Life Questionnaire-Pancreatic modification [QLQ-PAN28], European Quality of Life questionnaire [EuroQOL EQ-5D], and European Quality of Life questionnaire - Visual Analog Score [EQ-VAS]), levels of antioxidants, use of opiates, and adverse events. Analyses, reported by intention to treat, were prospectively defined by protocol. RESULTS After 6 months, pain scores reported to the clinic were reduced by 1.97 from baseline in the placebo group and by 2.33 in the antioxidant group but were similar between groups (-0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.44 to 0.72; P = .509). Average daily pain scores from diaries were also similar (3.05 for the placebo group and 2.93 for the antioxidant group, a difference of 0.11; 95% CI, 1.05-0.82; P = .808). Measures of quality of life were similar between groups, as was opiate use and number of hospital admissions and outpatient visits. Blood levels of vitamin C and E, β-carotene, and selenium were increased significantly in the antioxidant group. CONCLUSIONS Administration of antioxidants to patients with painful chronic pancreatitis of predominantly alcoholic origin does not reduce pain or improve quality of life, despite causing a sustained increase in blood levels of antioxidants.
Preclinical Evaluation of S18886 in an Experimental Model of Coronary Arterial Thrombosis

The specific thromboxane receptor antagonist, S18886, was evaluated for prevention of coronary arterial thrombosis and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in anesthetized canines. For the primary thrombosis study in left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery, 26 dogs were randomized to receive either vehicle (n = 7) or intravenous S18886 (0.3 mg/kg, n = 6; 1.0 mg/kg, n = 6; and 3.0 mg/kg, n = 7). The respective times to occlusion after S18886 were as follows: 56.8 ± 9.3, 83.5 ± 14.9, and 92.4 ± 15.7 minutes compared to 43.3 ± 8.2 minutes after vehicle. S18886 caused a minimal increase in tongue bleeding time and a significant decrease in ex vivo platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid or U46619. Another 37 dogs were randomized to receive placebo (n = 12), clopidogrel 1.0 mg/kg p.o. QDX3 (n = 9), clopidogrel + S18886 0.3 (n = 9) or 1.0 (n = 7) mg/kg intravenous. Clopidogrel produced a 50% reduction in adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation and a slight increase in the time to occlusion. However, clopidogrel + S18886 1.0 mg/kg prevented occlusive thrombus formation in most of the coronary vessels over 6 hours. S18886 did not alter myocardial infarct size in the ischemia-reperfusion model. In conclusion, S18886 alone caused a dose-dependent prolongation in the time to primary occlusive coronary artery thrombosis, whereas S18886 + clopidogrel displayed effective in preventing occlusive thrombus formation with only a moderate increase of tongue-bleeding time.