Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sports Participation as a Protective Factor Against Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents as Mediated by Self-Esteem and Social Support

Objective: Participation in sports has been shown to be protective against depression and suicidal ideation, but little is known about what factors mediate these relationships. No previous studies examined potential mediators between sports participation and suicidal ideation and only one study explored possible mediators between sports participation and depression. Increased sports participation could protect against depression and suicidal ideation by increasing endogenous endorphin levels, boosting self-esteem, improving body image, increasing social support, and affecting substance abuse. Method: Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses of Add Health data to explore whether increased participation in sports (none, 1–2, 3–4, or 5 or more times per week) is associated with depression and suicidal ideation and whether exercise, self-esteem, body weight, social support, and substance abuse mediate these relationships. Results: As sports participation increases, the odds of suffering from depression decreases by 25% (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.70–0.82) and the odds of having suicidal ideation decreases by 12% (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83–0.93) after controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, public assistance, and physical limitations. Substance abuse, body weight, and exercise did not mediate these associations. Consistent with self-esteem and social support acting as mediators of these relationships, the inclusion of these variables in the multivariate models attenuated the associations for depression (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75–0.91) and suicidal ideation (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88–0.99). Conclusion: Adolescents should be offered ample opportunity and encouragement to participate in sports, which can protect against depression and suicidal ideation by boosting self-esteem and increasing social support.
Regression Analysis for Multistate Models Based on a Pseudo‐value Approach, with Applications to Bone Marrow Transplantation Studies

Abstract. Typically, regression analysis for multistate models has been based on regression models for the transition intensities. These models lead to highly nonlinear and very complex models for the effects of covariates on state occupation probabilities. We present a technique that models the state occupation or transition probabilities in a multistate model directly. The method is based on the pseudo‐values from a jackknife statistic constructed from non‐parametric estimators for the probability in question. These pseudo‐values are used as outcome variables in a generalized estimating equation to obtain estimates of model parameters. We examine this approach and its properties in detail for two special multistate model probabilities, the cumulative incidence function in competing risks and the current leukaemia‐free survival used in bone marrow transplants. The latter is the probability a patient is alive and in either a first or second post‐transplant remission. The techniques are illustrated on a dataset of leukaemia patients given a marrow transplant. We also discuss extensions of the model that are of current research interest.
Molecular modeling and spectroscopic studies of semustine binding with DNA and its comparison with lomustine–DNA adduct formation

Chloroethyl nitrosoureas constitute an important family of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, used in the treatment of various types of cancer. They exert antitumor activity by inducing DNA interstrand cross-links. Semustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea, is a 4-methyl derivative of lomustine. There exist some interesting reports dealing with DNA-binding properties of chloroethyl nitrosoureas; however, underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity caused by semustine has not been precisely and completely delineated. The present work focuses on understanding semustine–DNA interaction to comprehend its anti-proliferative action at molecular level using various spectroscopic techniques. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is used to determine the binding site of semustine on DNA. Conformational transition in DNA after semustine complexation is investigated using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Stability of semustine–DNA complexes is determined using absorption spectroscopy. Results of the present study demonstrate that semustine performs major-groove-directed DNA alkylation at guanine residues in an incubation-time–drug-concentration-dependent manner. CD spectral outcomes suggest partial transition of DNA from native B-conformation to C-form. Calculated binding constants (Ka) for semustine and lomustine interactions with DNA are 1.53 × 103 M−1 and 8.12 × 103 M−1, respectively. Moreover, molecular modeling simulation is performed to predict preferential binding orientation of semustine with DNA that corroborates well with spectral outcomes. Results based on comparative study of DNA-binding properties of semustine and lomustine, presented here, may establish a correlation between molecular structure and cytotoxicity of chloroethyl nitrosoureas that may be instrumental in the designing and synthesis of new nitrosourea therapeutics possessing better efficacy and fewer side effects.
Comparison of 2‐year outcomes between zotarolimus‐eluting and everolimus‐eluting new‐generation cobalt–chromium alloy stents in real‐world diabetic patients

Background: To date, it remains unknown whether different types of new‐generation drug‐eluting stents have a differential impact on long‐term outcomes in diabetic patients. Methods and Results: In this historical cohort study (two Italian centers), we analyzed 400 diabetic patients with 553 coronary lesions treated with new‐generation CoCr zotarolimus‐eluting stents (R‐ZES: 136 patients, 196 lesions) or everolimus‐eluting stents (EES: 264 patients, 357 lesions) between October 2006 and August 2012. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) over a 2‐year follow‐up period. MACE was defined as all‐cause mortality, any myocardial infarction (MI) and/or target lesion revascularization (TLR). Multivessel revascularization, intervention for restenotic lesion and use of intravascular ultrasound were significantly higher in the R‐ZES group, whereas small stent (≤2.5 mm) deployment was significantly higher in the EES group. At 2‐year follow‐up, there was no significant difference in occurrence of MACE (R‐ZES vs EES: 22.8% vs 18.9%, P = 0.39). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in the composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality/MI (10.0% vs 10.3%, P = 0.86) or TLR (12.4% vs 7.4%, P = 0.11). Adjustment for confounders and baseline propensity‐score matching did not alter the aforementioned associations. Conclusion: After 2 years of follow up similar outcomes (MACE, all‐cause mortality/MI, TLR) were observed in real‐world diabetic patients, including those with complex lesions and patient characteristics, treated with R‐ZES and EES. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rise in maternal age has led to increase in pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome

Increases in the numbers of older mothers has led to a rise in the number of pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome in Europe. Some European regions have shown a more than twofold increase in total prevalence of Down's syndrome since 1980, say researchers from the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies, a network of population-based registries for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies covering around one quarter of births in the European Union. According to the report in Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique (2005; 53: 2587-95), Down syndrome makes up around 8% …
VALVULAR AND STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASES Core Curriculum Late Breaking Trials of 2014 in Structural Heart Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease: Commentary Covering ACC, EuroPCR, SCAI, TCT, VIVA, ESC, and AHA

With the plethora of clinical trials, it is difficult for busy interventional cardiologists to stay up to date. Therefore, the SCAI Publications Committee concisely summarizes and provides editorial commentary on the most important structural heart and peripheral arterial disease trials from the large international meetings of 2014. The intent is to allow quick assimilation of trial results into interventional practice. VC 2015 Wiley Peri-
A culture of respect: champions and models.

At the 2014 American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) annual National Teaching Institute, I was thrilled to see Dr Lucian Leape receive the AACN Pioneering Spirit Award for international leadership in patient safety. Leape, an adjunct professor of health policy at the Harvard School of Public Health, is internationally recognized as the father of the patient safety movement. He was a member of the Institute ofMedicine’sQuality of Care inAmerica Committee, which published 2 landmark articles; ‘‘To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System’’ in 1999 and ‘‘Crossing the Quality Chasm’’ in 2001. His accomplishments are many, and his humility is heartwarming. He is willing to be the voice of a new era of health care and say the simple words that lead to change: I’m sorry. Dr Leape acknowledges that medicine has not always fostered a culture of respect, even though it is one of the most fundamental factors in collaborative relationships and essential to improve quality and safety of patient care. Unfortunately, many nurses recall egregious examples of verbal abuse and humiliation as frequently as they report great examples of teamwork and collaboration. However, this is changing. Some of you may remember hearing Dr Leape last year at the 2013 National Teaching Institute in Boston. As a keynote speaker, Dr Leape’s address referred to the ‘‘elephant in the room’’Vsomething that everyone in health care can’t help being aware of but that some are still uncomfortable talking about: a culture of disrespect. A culture of disrespect, Dr Leape said, is an environment that ‘‘teaches, tolerates, and sometimes rewards disrespectful behavior. ’’ Unfortunately, it has been accepted in medical education and in clinical practice for too many years. Disruptive behavior on the part of physicians has been an issue few have talked openly about, yet Dr Leape acknowledges the problem and invites us to join him to make sure it becomes a remote issue and one that is not passed down to the next generation of nurses. Leape bravely admits that disrespect has been a problem in health care. Disrespect is a threat to patient safety because it inhibits teamwork, blocks communication, undermines morale, and inhibits compliance and implementation of new practices. In 2012, Leape and colleagues identified a broad range of disrespectful conduct, suggesting 6 categories for classifying disrespectful behavior in the health care setting: disruptive behavior; humiliating, demeaning treatment of nurses, residents, and students; passive-aggressive behavior; passive disrespect; dismissive treatment of patients; and systemic disrespect. Leape encourages us to recognize these behaviors and work to identify strategies to change these behaviors, including self-reflection. A few years ago, the National Patient Safety Foundation selected Leape to lead a think tank to direct the key concepts that will transform health care toward a culture of safety. The Lucian Leape Institute was established in 2007 to bring forth new approaches and innovations to expedite the creation of sustainable improvements. The core concepts for this work include
Protein unfolding in crowded milieu: what crowding can do to a protein undergoing unfolding?

The natural environment of a protein inside a cell is characterized by the almost complete lack of unoccupied space, limited amount of free water, and the tightly packed crowd of various biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and complexes thereof. This extremely crowded natural milieu is poorly mimicked by slightly salted aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of a protein of interest. The accepted practice is to model crowded environments by adding high concentrations of various polymers that serve as model “crowding agents” to the solution of a protein of interest. Although studies performed under these model conditions revealed that macromolecular crowding might have noticeable influence on various aspects related to the protein structure, function, folding, conformational stability, and aggregation propensity, the complete picture describing conformational behavior of a protein under these conditions is missing as of yet. Furthermore, there is an accepted belief that the conformational stability of globular proteins increases in the presence crowding agents due to the excluded volume effects. The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the effect of high concentrations of PEG-8000 and Dextran-70 on the unfolding behavior of eleven globular proteins belonging to different structural classes.
The fibrinogen Aα R16C mutation results in fibrinolytic resistance

The fibrinogen Aα R16C mutation is a common cause of dysfibrinogenaemia and has been previously associated with both bleeding and thrombosis. However, the mechanism underlying the thrombotic phenotype has not yet been elucidated. This report characterises the defect in fibrinolysis seen as a result of the Aα R16C mutation. A young patient with dysfibrinogenaemia (fibrinogen Hershey III) was found to be heterozygous for the Aα R16C mutation. Functional assays were performed on the purified fibrinogen to characterise clot formation and lysis with plasmin and trypsin. Consistent with previous results, clot formation was diminished. Unexpectedly, fibrinolysis was also delayed. Plasminogen activation was normal, ruling out decreased plasmin generation as the mechanism behind the fibrinolytic resistance. Western blot analysis showed no difference in the amount of bound α2‐antiplasmin or albumin. When clot lysis was assayed with trypsin substituted for plasminogen, a significant delay was also observed, indicating that defective binding to plasminogen could not explain the fibrinolytic resistance. These results suggest that the defective fibrinolysis is due to increased proteolytic resistance, most likely reflecting changes in clot structure.
Endothelial function: The canary in the artery

Vascular dysfunction at the level of the brachial artery after transradial cardiac catheterization appears transient and resolves within a week Chemo‐toxicity from procedural cocktails in addition to catheter‐mediated barotrauma directly to the brachial artery or indirectly from radial trauma may play a role in its etiology. Further work is needed to better define the causes of vascular damage from the transradial procedures to develop safer techniques for the future.
Baseball (Part II): A Periodized Speed Program

David J. Szymanski, MEd, CSCSDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceAuburn UniversityAuburn, AlabamaGregory A. Fredrick, CSCSInternational Performance InstituteBradenton, FloridaKeywords: baseball; conditioning; interval training; speedBASEBALL MOVEMENTS AREquick, ballistic, and powerful in allplanes of the body: frontal, sagittal,and transverse. They require aplayer to start, stop, and changedirection in an instant. Baseballperformance also requires the ele-ment of speed. When running toﬁrst base, players are expected tostep on the base in 4.0–4.4 sec-onds after hitting the ball in fairterritory (3). Additionally, they areexpected to be able to steal secondbase in 3.6 seconds or less, andrun from ﬁrst to third base in 7.4seconds (3). Those teams that pos-sess speed have a distinct advan-tage both offensively and defen-sively. From an offensive standpoint,they create problems for the op-posing team because the defensemust get the ball to a base or intothe inﬁeld faster due to the speedof a player in the batter’s box orplayer(s) on the base path(s). De-fensively, a team can cover moreground and even makeup for mis-judgments of the baseball’s path.Those players who have speed are,at times, more highly sought afterin college and professional athlet-ics than those with average speedbecause they can move faster onthe ﬁeld. Major League Baseballscouts are looking for speed be-cause of the advantages it pro-duces for their team. For all ofthese reasons, speed is a valuablecommodity. Thus, it is importantfor the strength and conditioningspecialist or baseball coach to de-sign an effective periodized base-ball-speciﬁc speed program thatwill enhance performance for posi-tion players.
An empirical review of major legislation affecting drug development: past experiences, effects, and unintended consequences.

CONTEXT With the development of transformative drugs at a low point, numerous commentators have recommended new legislation that uses supplementary market exclusivity as an incentive to promote innovation in the pharmaceutical market. METHODS This report provides an historical perspective on proposals for encouraging drug research. Four legislative programs have been primarily designed to offer market exclusivity to promote public health goals in the pharmaceutical or biomedical sciences: the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, the Orphan Drug Act of 1983, the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984, and the pediatric exclusivity provisions of the FDA Modernization Act of 1997. I reviewed quantitative and qualitative studies that reported on the outcomes from these programs and evaluated the quality of evidence generated. FINDINGS All four legislative programs generally have been regarded as successful, although such conclusions are largely based on straightforward descriptive reports rather than on more rigorous comparative data or analyses that sufficiently account for confounding. Overall, solid data demonstrate that market exclusivity incentives can attract interest from parties involved in drug development. However, using market exclusivity to promote innovation in the pharmaceutical market can be prone to misuse, leading to improper gains. In addition, important collateral effects have emerged with substantial negative public health implications. CONCLUSIONS Using market exclusivity to promote pharmaceutical innovation can lead to positive outcomes, but the practice is also characterized by waste and collateral effects. Certain practices, such as mechanisms for reevaluation and closer ties of incentives programs to public health outcomes, can help address these problems.
Physiotherapy and Physical Activity – Experiences of Adults with Cerebral Palsy, with Implications for Children

The present study is a postal survey on adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway and their experiences with physiotherapy and physical activity. The respondents were 406 persons with CP, without intellectual disabilities, 49% females and 51% males between 18 and 72 years (mean = 34 years). Type, amount and experiences of physiotherapy and physical activity were reported in addition to demographic, diagnostic and locomotion data, and data on new health problems, such as deterioration, chronic pain and fatigue. Almost all the respondents (92%) received physiotherapy as children, while 40% had physiotherapy and 46% performed physical activity regularly as adults. The study documents that physical activity may contribute to prevent deterioration, chronic pain and fatigue in adults with CP; however, grade of CP is the strongest predictive variable. The strongest predictive variable, significantly associated with regular physical activity as an adult, was having learnt how to take personal responsibility for personal health during childhood. These experiences give valuable information, which could be used to make better life span follow-up programs for the persons with CP.
Predicting Burnout Among HIV/AIDS and Oncology Health Care Workers

Psychological stress and coping strategies in staff working with AIDS and with cancer patients were assessed using self-report methods. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Coping Orientations to Problems Experiences (COPE), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Depression Questionnaire (DQ) were completed by staff from 20 hospitals of North-Center Italy, including 268 doctors and nurses working with people with AIDS and 260 doctors and nurses working in oncology. Few significant differences were found between two units on the MBI, COPE subscale and depression/anxiety. When a Bonferroni corrected p level of p < 0.0025 was used, the difference on Emotional Exhaustion (EE) subscale of MBI still remained statistically significant, indicating greater exhaustion in the oncology staff. The regression analysis suggested that the negative aspects of burnout were predicted primary by professional status (being a doctor), type of unit (oncology), depression and the use of the humor as a coping strategy. In contrast personal accomplishment was better predicted by positive coping strategies (i.e. planning, restraint coping, non-denial) and low level of anxiety.
Feature selection for support vector machine in financial crisis prediction: a case study in China

Abstract: Corporate financial crisis forecasting plays an increasingly important role in the current intense and competitive commercial environment. It is an important phase in financial crisis forecasting to find the features that discriminate different financial conditions. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach and statistical filter approaches are applied to identify the best features for the support vector machine (SVM). The proposed GA‐based approach is carefully designed in order to have the capability of simultaneously optimizing the features and parameters of the SVM. Experimental results on the data from Chinese companies show that the GA‐based approach can extract fewer features with a higher accuracy compared with statistical filter approaches, such as analysis of variance, the T‐W test (which is the t test applied to variables satisfying a normal distribution and the Wilcoxon test applied to other variables not satisfying a normal distribution), logit regression and multiple discriminant analysis. Moreover, the experiments indicate that the proposed GA‐based approach is robust and suitable for selecting features for the SVM.
Structure–activity relationship analysis of carbobicyclo and oxabicyclo succinimide analogs as potential androgen receptor antagonists

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a frequently diagnosed male cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in many countries. Due to various amino acid mutations that occurred in the ligand binding domain of androgen receptor (AR), the patients were observed insensitive, even resistant to the marketed antiandrogens such as bicalutamide and enzalutamide, which emphasizes the urgent need for novel antiandrogens to solve drug resistance problem. Recently a series of carbobicyclo and oxabicyclo succinimide analogs were reported to effectively antagonize AR. In this study, to explore the structural requirements for these AR antagonists, we performed quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis on carbobicyclo and oxabicyclo succinimide analogs by using two-dimensional multiple linear regressions (MLR) method and three-dimension comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. The obtained models show satisfactory results with proper reliabilities and powerful external predictability. Moreover, the CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps can intuitively represent key features associated with bioactivities. These models may offer guidance for the rational design and modification of new lead compounds for antiandrogens.
Stroke Prevention: Let's Prepare for Generation X TAVR

Stroke leads to significant morbidity, disability, and mortality after TAVR. CKD and prior stroke are risk factors for stroke. Stratification of stroke risk would improve outcomes associated with TAVR. Ongoing prospective randomized trials on embolic protection and post implant anticoagulation are promising strategies to reduce stroke risk and new brain MRI lesions.