Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ackerbohnenproteindiät bei Hypercholesterolämie

Die Lipid-senkenden Eigenschaften von Ackerbohnenprotein sind bisher lediglich im Tierexperiment beschrieben. Danach gilt Ackerbohneneiweis als potentester Cholesterol-Senker unter den Pflanzenproteinen. Wir untersuchten deshalb an einer kleinen Gruppe von Patienten mit Hypercholesterolamie (HLP Typ II a) den genannten Effekt und fanden signifikante hypolipidamische Wirkungen des Ackerbohnenproteinisolats, die denen vergleichbar sind, die mit Sojaproteindiaten erzielt wurden.
Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci involved in ornamental traits in Alstroemeria

An F, population, derived from an intraspecific cross between twoAlstroemeria aurea accessions, was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in ornamental and morphological characteristics. One QTL for leaf length was mapped on linkage group three of both parents near marker E+ACCT/M+CGCA-I165 explaining 20% and 14.8% phenotypic variation. Two putative QTL were detected on leaf width on A002-3 and A002-6. One QTL and three putative QTL, involved in the leaf length/width ratio were identified accounting for 46.7% of the phenotypic variance in total. Significant interaction was observed between two QTL, S+AC/M+ACT-I162 and S+AC/M+AGA-1465 in a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the main color of the flower one QTL and putative QTL accounted for up to 60% of phenotypic variance suggesting simple genetic control of flower color. A two-way ANOVA of these QTL suggested an epistatic interaction. A QTL was detected for color of the inner side of outer lateral tepal with 26.5% of the phenotypic variance explained. This QTL was also associated with main color of the flower just below the 95% threshold value. Two QTL were detected with the Kruskal-Wallis test for the tip color of inner lateral tepal near QTL for other flower color traits. Consequently flower color traits were significantly correlated. A QTL and a putative QTL for the flower size was mapped near marker E+ACCG/ M+CGCT-I193 and E+ACCG/M+CGCG-197, respectively. One putative QTL was detected for the stripe width of the inner lateral tepal.
Cultura in vitro de embriões e de gemas de mudas de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke)

This study deals with the establishment in vitro of Aniba rosaeodora Ducke explants, free from fungical and endogenous contaminations and phenolic oxidation. Bud explants and embryos' seeds from many maturation stages were used in this trial. The explants were disinfected with Ampicilin antibiotic, Streptomicine Sulphate (Agrimicina), etanol (70%), sodium hipoclorite in many concentrations and exposure time acording to the type of explant. For the phenolic oxidation control, the immersion on ascorbic acid and PVP (Polyvinilpirrolidone) in culture medium were used. The explants were inoculated in MS medium. The statistical design was the completely randomized and the treatments and repetitions varied according to the type of explant adopted. After 45 days, 100% of survival and 53% of germination in embryos were observed, which had been desinfested by sodium hipoclorite (50%) for 10 minutes and inoculated in MS medium, supplemented with 20 ml of coconut water. Satisfactory results (51% of survival) were observed in bud´s explants, which had been treated by immersion in 300 mg.l-1 of Agrimicina and 25% when submitted in 500 mg.l-1 on vacuum pre-treatment.
Growth of Leuconostoc oenos under Anaerobic Conditions

Malolactic fermentation acts to reduce acidity levels in wine and is most commonly initiated by the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc oenos . We examined the growth of reference strains and New Zealand isolates of L. oenos using pre-reduced broth and agar media, and found that anaerobic conditions facilitated the growth of this organism, especially on agar plates. Growth did not appear to be stimulated specifically by carbon dioxide. Anaerobic media were used to examine the temperature optima and carbohydrate utilization patterns of L. oenos strains. These tests demonstrated that there was considerable heterogeneity among strains of L. oenos .
Changes in Populations and Drift of Stream Invertebrates Following Lampricide Treatment

The effects of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) treatment on invertebrate abundance, recolonization, and drift rates were examined in three Great Lakes tributaries, having a wide range of water hardness. In the softwater streams only philopotamid caddisflies and lumbriculid worms were significantly reduced after the TFM treatment, whereas their abundance in the untreated stream sections was unchanged. Treatment of the hardwater stream resulted in a dramatic mortality of leeches. Abundance of soft-bodied oligochaetes and Turbellaria were significantly reduced, while numbers of Simuliidae, Hydropsyche, and Baetis increased 4 d after treatment. Daytime drift rates of the Annelida, Turbellaria, Amphipoda, Glossosomatidae, and Tipulidae increased significantly during the lampricide treatment. Increased drift rates rather than mortality appears to be the major impact of the lampricide on invertebrate communities.
Systematics of the Omomyidae (Tarsiiformes, Primates) : taxonomy, phylogeny, and adaptations. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 156, article 3

s.163 Introduction 5 Acknowledgments 166 Abbreviations.166 History of Investigations. 8 Taxonomy 70 Order Primates Linnaeus, 1758.172 Suborder Haplorhini Pocock, 1918. Infraorder Tarsiiformes Gregory, 1915.172 Family Omomyidae Trouessart, 1879 Subfamily Anaptomorphinae Cope, 1883.173 Tribe Anaptomorphini Cope, 1883 Subtribe Teilhardinina Quinet, 1964. 173 Teilhardina Simpson, 1940 . 176 Teilhardina belgica (Teilhard de Chardin, 1927) . 177 Chlororhysis Gazin, 1958.17 C'hlororhysis knightensis Gazin, 1958.181 Subtribe Anaptomorphina Cope, 1883.1 Anaptomorphus Cope, 1872.181 Anaptomorphus aemulus Cope, 1872.185 Anaptomorphus westi, New Species 90 Subtribe Tetoniina Abel, 1931.196 Tetonius Matthew,1915. 196 Tetonius homunculus (Cope, 1882). 197 Tetonius? ambiguus (Matthew, 1915) 20 Tetonius sp. 207 Anemorhysis Gazin, 1958.211 Anemorhysis tenuiculus (Jepsen, 1930). 220 Anemorhysis musculus (Matthew, 1915) 6 Anemorhysis sublettensis (Gazin, 1952). 228 Anemorhysis sp. 228 Absarokius Matthew, 1915.229 Absarokius abotti (Loomis, 1906). 231 Absarokius noctivagus Matthew, 1915. 8 Absarokius witteri Morris, 1954.239 Mckennamorphus, New Genus 4 Mckennamorphus despairensis, New Species.251 Tribe Trogolemurini, New.25 Trogolemur Matthew, 1909.2 5 Trogolemur myodes Matthew, 1909.256 Trogolemur sp. 256 Subfamily Omomyinae Trouessart, 1879.256 Tribe Omomyini Trouessart, 1879 Subtribe Omomyina Trouessart, 1879.257 Omomys Leidy, 1869.25
Evidence for cyanophages active against bloom‐forming freshwater cyanobacteria

A total of 35 putative cyanophages able to infect non-axenic cultures of bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria in the genera Microcystis, Anabaena and Planktothrix were isolated from Lake Zurich (Switzerland) and lakes in the Cotswold Water Park (U.K.). Eleven lytic cyanophage isolates were isolated on Microcystis and 12 each on Anabaena and Planktothrix. Cyanophage isolation protocols varied when using these different cyanobacterial hosts. The collection of putative cyanophage isolates encompassed a variety of morphotypes, including the first filamentous cyanophage from any environment and the second siphocyanophage reported from fresh water. PCR primer sets for gp20, gp23 and MCP genes, which have been previously found to be conserved in other cyanophages, were used in an attempt to determine genetic diversity among the phage isolates. The failure to obtain specific amplification products from most isolates suggests that the cyanophages isolated in this study were different from those previously characterized from both marine and freshwater environments. Some putative cyanophages within the collection of isolates proved to have a very broad host range and were able to infect Anabaena, Microcystis and Planktothrix. The ability to infect a wide range of host taxa extends the potential reproductive period for lytic propagation, and also has implications for the transfer of genetic information between deeply separated cyanobacterial lineages.
Tipificación de cepas de Mycobacterium bovis. Revisión

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic disease that causes big losses to the livestock industry and represents a risk to public health in many countries. The epidemiology of BTB is quite complex, the bacilli grows very slowly, it can remain in dormancy for long periods of time and affects different animal species, including non-reservoir wildlife. Because of this, international efforts have been focus on developing genotyping techniques for better understand the epidemiology of the disease and trace back sources of infection. Nowadays, genotyping is based on the polymorphism of genetic markers with variation in stability. In this paper, the role of RFLP, spoligotyping and VNTR in genotyping M. bovis is discussed. The possibility of creating national and international dynamic databases of genotypes that support policies to eradicate the disease from cattle is analyzed.
An Isozyme Marker for Pollen Fertility Restoration in the Pampa cms System of Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Hybrid breeding in rye (Secale cereale L.) based on cytoplasmic male sterility requires a sufficient restoration of pollen fertility to guarantee full seed set in the hybrid variety. Therefore the selection of effective restorer lines is an important goal in the breeding process. An F2 generation tracing back to a cross of a nonrestorer line as seed parent and a restorer line, and subsequent three-way crosses between the corresponding F1 plants and a nonrestorer line were used to find marker genes for pollen fertility restoration. A linkage between the Prx.7 isozyme locus on chromosome 1R and a putative major gene (or gene complex) for pollen fertility restoration with a recombination value of about 20 % was found. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a marker gene for this trait in rye.
Microsatellite DNA markers for the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Microsatellite loci were isolated from enriched partial genomic libraries of Acyrthosiphon loti and Acyrthosiphon pisum . Twenty of those loci were characterized in A. pisum . Fifteen of those loci were polymorphic. Genetic diversity varied across loci, allele repeat number ranging from two to 15, and observed heterozygosity from 0.1 and 0.96. An additional eight microsatellite loci originally isolated from other aphids but cross-priming with A. pisum showed polymorphism as well. Allele size ranged from three to 9 and observed heterozygosity from 0.43 to 0.84. Overall, we present 23 microsatellite loci that can be used to reveal polymorphism in pea aphids.
A global analysis of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems

Soil microbes play a pivotal role in regulating land-atmosphere interactions; the soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and C:N:P stoichiometry are important regulators for soil biogeochemical processes; however, the current knowledge on magnitude, stoichiometry, storage, and spatial distribution of global soil microbial biomass C, N, and P is limited. In this study, 3087 pairs of data points were retrieved from 281 published papers and further used to summarize the magnitudes and stoichiometries of C, N, and P in soils and soil microbial biomass at global- and biome-levels. Finally, global stock and spatial distribution of microbial biomass C and N in 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm soil profiles were estimated. The results show that C, N, and P in soils and soil microbial biomass vary substantially across biomes; the fractions of soil nutrient C, N, and P in soil microbial biomass are 1.6% in a 95% confidence interval of (1.5%-1.6%), 2.9% in a 95% confidence interval of (2.8%-3.0%), and 4.4% in a 95% confidence interval of (3.9%-5.0%), respectively. The best estimates of C:N:P stoichiometries for soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass are 153:11:1, and 47:6:1, respectively, at global scale, and they vary in a wide range among biomes.more » Vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass follows the distribution of roots up to 1 m depth. The global stock of soil microbial biomass C and N were estimated to be 15.2 Pg C and 2.3 Pg N in the 0-30 cm soil profiles, and 21.2 Pg C and 3.2 Pg N in the 0-100 cm soil profiles. We did not estimate P in soil microbial biomass due to data shortage and insignificant correlation with soil total P and climate variables. The spatial patterns of soil microbial biomass C and N were consistent with those of soil organic C and total N, i.e. high density in northern high latitude, and low density in low latitudes and southern hemisphere. « less
Isoelectric focusing of pigment-protein complexes solubilized from non-irradiated and irradiated prolamellar bodies

Preparative isoelectric focusing was employed to compare the association of protochlorophyllide and chlorophyllide with the enzyme NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (PCR; EC 1.3.1.33). Photoactive protochlorophyllide-PCR complexes were solubilized with 1-O-n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside from non-irradiated prolamellar bodies of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Also, chlorophyllide-PCR complexes were solubilized from prolamellar bodies irradiated under conditions either preventing or favouring a spectral shift of chlorophyllide to shorter wavelengths. Independently of the treatment prior to the solubilization, the pigments and the PCR focused together at pHs of 4 to 5. The results indicate that protochlorophyllide-PCR complexes are conformationally similar to chlorophyllide-PCR complexes. The results support the hypothesis that the spectral shift, referred to as the Shibata shift, reflects a breaking-up of large chlorophyllide-PCR aggregates to smaller chlorophyllide-PCR units, rather than a dissociation of the chlorophyllide from the enzyme protein.
Oviposition by autumn gum moth (Mnesampela privata) in relation to Eucalyptus globulus defoliation, larval performance and natural enemies

Abstract 1 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. exhibited consistent intraspecific variation in oviposition choice by Mnesampela privata (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in field surveys of host plants that had been designated, based on the prior season's defoliation levels, as resistant or susceptible to M. privata. At both field sites significantly fewer egg batches were found on resistant compared to susceptible trees.
EFFECT OF MYOGLOBIN ON THE MUSCLE LIPASE SYSTEM

The effect of different concentrations of myoglobin on the enzyme systems involved in lipid degradation were determined. Lipases, including both acid and neutral lipases and acid phospholipase, were inhibited by myoglobin. The neutral lipase was more susceptible to the inhibitory effect of myoglobin (35% of its initial activity at 1 mg/mL of myoglobin), followed closely by acid phospholipase ; acid lipase activity was affected to a lesser extent (less than 20% inhibition). This inhibition was also observed on the esterase activities, being greater on the neutral esterase activity (38% of its initial activity at I mg/mL of myoglobin) than on the acid one. In view of these results, myoglobin could be considered as an endogenous inhibitor which would determine the lipolytic activity in different type of muscles and therefore, the rate of generation of the free fatty acids.
EFFECTS OF CASTRATION AND EXOGENOUS ESTRADIOL OR TESTOSTERONE ON LIMB BONE GROWTH AND SOME PERFORMANCE TRAITS IN YOUNG MALE PIGS

A total of 57 male pigs were randomly allocated at 1 wk of age to one of four treatments: castrated and implanted with estradiol −17β; castrated and implanted with testosterone; castrated and not implanted; not castrated and not implanted. The pigs were weaned at 3 wk of age and raised under conventional commercial conditions to 2, 4 or 6 mo of age. Within age group, treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on average daily gain, feed efficiency, backfat thickness or the growth coefficients of individual organs relative to body weight. Weights, lengths and circumferences of limb bones (humerus, scapula, tibio-fibula, patella, femur and pelvis) did not differ significantly among treatments within age groups. However, the radio-ulnae were thicker (P < 0.05) in boars than in the other three groups. No significant treatment differences in the rate of radiosulfate incorporation into the tibial or radial growth plates or on the rate of linear bone growth during the last 16–26 d of the study were detected. It is concl.
The effect of remating on sperm number in the spermatophores of Teleogryllus commodus (Gryllidae)

Factors controlling sperm production in members of the Orthoptera have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the influence of intermating interval and ad libidum mating on sperm number was investigated in black field crickets (Teleogryllus commodus). Remating at a variety of time intervals was not characterized by a significant change in sperm number compared with the first mating. Ad libitum mating (i.e., continuous availability of unmated females) had two main effects on spermatophore production and sperm number: first, there was a trend toward increased time between copulations with each successive remating, and second, the number of spermatozoa encapsulated in the transferred spermatophore declined after most rematings, with 61.8% of the initial sperm number being produced for the second spermatophore and 51.3% of the initial sperm number being produced for the third. The decrease in mean sperm number was accompanied by increased variance in sperm number in later rematings. This study suggests that males are willing to suffer a decrease in sperm number if a mating opportunity occurs before the completion of sperm production.
Endocrine Bases of Spatial and Temporal Opportunism in Arctic-Breeding Birds

Synopsis. The primary objectives of this paper are to define, explore the environmental factors favoring, and discuss hypotheses concerning the endocrine bases of two important arctic breeding strategies that we call spatial and temporal opportunism. We identify several species that display spatial opportunism in the Arctic, and one that displays temporal opportunism. In spatial opportunism, breeding may be highly seasonal but the locality where individuals breed may change from year to year as a result of unpredictable spatial distribution of food, nest site availability, or other factors such as predator abundance. We suggest that flexibility ofthe transition from migration to settlement distinguishes spatial opportunists from site-faithful migrants. Thus far, data are available for only two hypotheses regarding the endocrine basis of this flexibility. Circulating patterns of testosterone (associated with territory establishment) and cor? ticosterone (associated with migratory activity) appear not to be involved in the regulation of spatial opportunism in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii), but more detailed study is necessary. In temporal opportunism (that may occur simultaneously with spatial opportunism), temporally variable food availability apparently selects for the capacity to initiate reproduction across a wide portion of the year. Tonic activity ofthe hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis could pro? vide a mechanism to minimize the delay between discovery of abundant food and onset of nesting in any season. However, the evidence for one arctic temporal opportunist, the white-winged crossbill (Loxia leucoptera), indicates that the HPG axis is not tonically active, but probably switches off (i.e., becomes photorefractory) in autumn, as for other birds breeding at these latitudes. Opportunistic breeding very early in the year (e.g., March near Fairbanks, Alaska) is associated with increased luteinizing hormone secretion, probably in response to a combination of abundant food and social stimuli, after refractoriness dissipates. We have taken the first step of identifying spatial and temporal opportunism as important phenomena in the Arctic, and discussing hypotheses related to endocrine mechanisms. Future research should identify specific environmental cues involved, and elucidate the neuroendocrine and endocrine mechanisms underlying these two reproductive strategies.
Evaluation of a residue from monosodium glutamate production (Amniferm) as a non protein nitrogen source for bovines grazing Brachiaria brizantha

Seven croosbred steers, 5 yr of age and 540 kg liveweight, were maintained in continuous grazing. In each of three experimental periods, three animals received urea via rumen canula in daily doses of 50, 100, and 150 g; three others received Amiferm in doses of 240, 480, and 720 mL (corresponding to the nitrogen in the respective urea doses) and one animal served as a control. The experimental design was randomized blocks in time, in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (2 nitrogen sources by 3 dose levels) with subplots. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentration were determined hourly over a 12 h period; rumen degradation of B. brizantha dry matter was determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after introduction of samples in nylon bags. With increasing doses of urea and Amniferm the ruminal concentration of ammonia increased. At 1 h postdosification the animals that received urea showed a lower rumen ammonia level (P
The effects of drought stress on free amino acid accumulation and protein synthesis in Brassica napus

Changes in the concentrations of free amino acids and specific organic acids were analysed during the induction of drought stress in Brassica napus. Most of the amino acids showed a characteristic linear increase with the induction of drought stress in Brassica leaves, increasing an average of 5.9-fold over control levels, followed by a reduction in concentration upon rehydration of the plants. Pyruvate concentrations doubled after 4 days of drought stress whereas 2-oxoglutarate concentrations remained relatively constant. The activities of two of the enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), were also measured. Neither enzyme showed any increase in activity, except when the plants were rehydrated. This suggests that the increase in both alanine and aspartate levels results from the increase in their precursors pyruvate and glutamate and may not require increased enzyme activity. The effect of drought stress upon changes in protein synthesis was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We found that there was an overall decrease in protein synthesis with the induction of drought stress, followed by a resumption of synthesis upon rehydration. In addition, the synthesis of a number of specific polypeptides was found to decrease upon water loss in the leaves.