Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREBIOTIC EFFECTS OF INULIN AND ACACIA GUM (REVIEW)

Prebiotics have great potential as agents to improve or maintain a balanced intestinal microflora to enhance health and wellbeing. They are non-digestible (by the host) food ingredients that have a beneficial effect through their selective metabolism in the intestinal tract. Key to this is the specificity of microbial changes. Thanks to the methodological and fundamental research of microbiologists, enormous progress has been made in understanding the gut microbiota. A large number of human intervention studies have been performed that have demonstrated that dietary consumption of certain food products can result in statistically significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in line with the prebiotic concept. The concept prebiotics is to enhance the growth of beneficial bacteria in the lower intestine. There is much interest in increasing the numbers and activities of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria) in the large gut, preferably at the expense of more harmfulbacteria. The focus of this review has been to point out the prebiotic effects (bifidogenic effects) of acacia gum and inulin. Some effects attributed to selected prebiotics have been proved by clinical trials, while others have been acquired on the basis of in vitro tests.
Anti inflammatory and anti oxidant properties of purified stilbene and crude extracts of Perlis vitis vinifera on cultured huvecs

Air-dried and particle form of stems and leaves of Vitis vinifera cultivated in Perlis, Malaysia were extracted using cold, back, methanolic and ethanolic extraction methods. The ethyl acetate stems extract by back extraction (STBE EA) possessed the highest total phenolic content (916.27 ± 0.01) by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and radical scavenging activity at IC50 = 18 µg/mL by DPPH assay. The extracts was further investigated by thin layer chromatography resulted in detection of resveratrol at Rf = 0.425 in STBE EA using petroleum ether:ethyl acetate at ratio 2:3. Advanced screening method of phenolic profiling by LC-MS/MS has detected seven phenolic compounds which were identified through LC-MS/MS library and Mass Bank Software. The compounds are trans-resveratrol, trans-cinnamic acid, e-viniferin, salicylic and caffiec acid, catechin, and epigallocatechin. Purification of the STBE EA has resulted in the isolation of trans-stilbene which was identified as 3, 4’, 5- trihydroxystilbene (trans-resveratrol) by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The STBE EA and trans-resveratrol exhibited protective effects on HUVECs against oxidative cell damage by hydrogen peroxide (IC50 = 205 µM) with survival rate 17.69% (IC50 = 1 µg/mL) and 40.80% (IC50 = 0.01 µM) and induced nitric oxide 3.41 (IC50 = 0.001 µg/mL) and 3.96 mm (IC50 = 0.001 µM) respectively. STBE EA and trans-resveratrol possessed dual inhibition of COX-2 and 15-LOX 85.07 ± 1.20 (COX-2) and 60% with IC50 at 7.5 µM (15- LOX) respectively. Furthermore purified trans-resveratrol exhibited better inhibition at 96.87 ± 0.10% for COX-2 and 79.57% for 15-LOX. This study demonstrated that STBE EA extracts and trans-resveratrol isolated from Vitis vinifera stems posses potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Distribution of naturally recruited wild Japanese eels in Japan revealed by otolith stable isotopic ratios and document investigation

Distribution of naturally recruited wild Japanese eels in Japan revealed by otolith stable isotopic ratios and document investigation AKIHITO YONETA,1,2 HIKARU ITAKURA,3 KOHMA ARAI,2,4 KENZO KAIFU,5 TATSUKI YOSHINAGA,6 YOICHI MIYAKE,2,4 KOTARO SHIRAI2 AND SHINGO KIMURA2,4 1Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1138657, 2Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, 3Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, 4Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, 5Faculty of Law, Chuo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920393, 6School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520373, Japan
Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity and Identification of Phenolic Compounds by HPLC of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Extracts

Pomegranate peel is food waste unfit to eat parts obtained during the production of pomegranate juice. The aim of this work is to study the effect of four different solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, hot and cold water) on phytochemicals screening, total phenolics content, total flavonoid content and antioxidants activity in pomegranate peels, as well as identification of phenolic compounds in extracts by HPLC. Phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids were detected in all extracts. The highest total phenolics and total flavonoids were observed in ethanol extract of pomegranate peels (161.5 mg GAE/g and 70.65 mg Rutin/g), respectively. Furthermore, the ethanol extract of pomegranate peels showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity with the lowest IC50 value 14.6 μg/ml compared to other extracts. The high antioxidant activities may be due to the high contents of phenolics and flavonoids in pomegranate peel ethanol extract. HPLC analysis was used for the identification and quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in pomegranate peels extracts. The results revealed nine polyphenolic compounds including protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, cinnamic acid, quinic acid, benzoic acid, syringic acid and iso-ferulic acid in pomegranate peels extracts. The obtained results confirmed that ethanol extract was the most abundant of phenolics compounds as compared to the other extracts. Finally, it can be concluded that pomegranate peel extracts can be used in various fields for being rich in natural antioxidants that have a medicinal and therapeutic impact.
Effluent Characterization, Water Quality Monitoring and Sediment Monitoring in the Metal Mining EEM Program

The metal mining Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) program will require mines to conduct effluent characterization and water quality monitoring on an ongoing basis. Samples will be collected four times a year, and will be analyzed for a range of parameters. This information will be used to aid in the design and interpretation of fish surveys and benthic invertebrate community surveys. There are also a number of water quality monitoring methods that may be used to help determine the cause of any effects identified by the EEM program. Mines will also be required to collect sediment samples for determination of particle size distribution and total organic carbon. This information will be used in the design and interpretation of benthic invertebrate community surveys. A range of sediment monitoring techniques are available to aid in the determination of the causes of effects on the benthic invertebrate community.
Učinak magnezija na pojavnost atrijske fibrilacije kod kardiokirurških bolesnika

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium sulfate on the incidence of atrial fibrillation. The study included 40 patients who were divided into two control groups. One group received magnesium sulfate. Respondents were cardiac patients who underwent CABG and AVR operations. Patient age, sex, date and type of operation, the concentration of magnesium on the day of arrival, on the day of surgery and the first, second and third day after operation were recorded. It is noted whether the patients received magnesium sulphate or not and whether atrial fibrilation appeared. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 22.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Serum magnesium levels and recorded atrial fibrillation were results of this study. There was no correlation with the incidence of atrial fibrillation. There was no effect of magnesium sulfate as a drug that affects the reduction of the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.
Transfer learning in single-cell transcriptomics improves data denoising and pattern discovery

Although single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have shed light on the role of cellular diversity in human pathophysiology1–3, the resulting data remains noisy and sparse, making reliable quantification of gene expression challenging. Here, we show that a deep autoencoder coupled to a Bayesian model remarkably improves UMI-based scRNA-seq data quality by transfer learning across datasets. This new technology, SAVER-X, outperforms existing state-of-the-art tools. The deep learning model in SAVER-X extracts transferable gene expression features across data from different labs, generated by varying technologies, and obtained from divergent species. Through this framework, we explore the limits of transfer learning in a diverse testbed and demonstrate that future human sequencing projects will unequivocally benefit from the accumulation of publicly available data. We further show, through examples in immunology and neurodevelopment, that SAVER-X can harness existing public data to enhance downstream analysis of new data, such as those collected in clinical settings.
Analisis Efek Propagasi Multipath Pada Deteksi Sinyal Radar Kendaraan

Abstrak Self driving car merupakan mobil dengan kemudi otomatis yang membutuhkan sistem radar pada mobilnya. Namun, dalam perambatan sinyal radar tidak luput dari gangguan propagasi multipath. Propagasi multipath terjadi ketika receiver radar akan menerima banyak sinyal dari jalur berbeda akibat pantulan dari objek lain disekitar target yang berdekatan dengan jalur utama. Propagasi multipath tentunya dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada pendeteksian radar. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh propagasi multipath pada sistem radar self driving car yang melakukan pendeteksian menggunakan metode simulasi sinyal dengan perangkat lunak. Aplikasi sistem radar kendaraan menggunakan Long Range Radar (LRR) dengan jenis sinyal Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW). Pendeteksian jarak target oleh sistem radar FMCW dengan mendapatkan frekuensi beat dari proses Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) dan pendeteksian kecepatan target dengan menggunakan frekuensi Doppler. Dari hasil simulasi sistem radar FMCW yang telah dirancang terbukti dapat mendeteksi jarak dan kecepatan target dengan baik. Sedangkan pengaruh efek propagasi multipath terbukti mengurangi kinerja radar dengan akurasi pendeteksian jarak yang dipengaruhi tiga multipath sebesar 94.18469%, lima multipath sebesar 88.33074%, dan delapan multipath sebesar 79.54567%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin banyak propagasi multipath yang terjadi semakin kecil akurasi pendeteksian jarak target oleh radar. Kata Kunci: Doppler, FMCW Radar, Multipath, Self Driving Car. Abstract Self driving car is automatic steering car that requires a radar system. However, the propagation of radar signals does not escape from multipath propagation interference. Multipath propagation occurs when a radar receiver receives many signals from different paths due to reflections from other objects around the target that are close to the main path. Multipath propagation can certainly cause interference with radar detection. This research analyzes the effect of multipath propagation on a self driving car radar system that carries out detection using a signal simulation method with software. Vehicle radar system applications use Long Range Radar (LRR) with the type of signal Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW). Detecting target range by the FMCW radar system by getting beat frequencies from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) process and detecting target velocity using Doppler frequencies. From the simulation results of the FMCW radar system that has been designed it is proven to be able to detect the target range and velocity well. While the multipath propagation effect is proven to reduce radar performance with range detection accuracy affected by three multipaths are 94.18469%, five multipaths are 88.33074%, and eight multipaths are 79.54567%. Can be concluded that the more propagation of multipath smaller the accuracy of detecting the target range by the radar. Keywords : Doppler, FMCW Radar, Multipath, Self Driving Car.
The Di-Leucine Motif Contributes to Class A Scavenger Receptor-Mediated Internalization of Acetylated Lipoproteins

Objective— The di-leucine motif exists in the intracellular domains of certain cell surface receptors, participating in the receptor-mediated endocytosis. The present study was aimed at determining the role of the di-leucine motif in class A scavenger receptor (SR-A)-mediated ligand endocytosis. Methods and Results— cDNA coding for a mutant (SR-A mutant N3132LM) with deletion of the di-leucine structure was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Compared with wild-type SR-A–expressing cells, the cells expressing the SR-A mutant N3132LM showed a significant decrease in uptake but almost no change in binding of the SR-A ligand acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL). Western blot analysis revealed coimmunoprecipitation of SR-A mutant and clathrin from the lysates of the mutant but not wild-type CHO cells, suggesting that AcLDL-bound SR-A mutant N3132LM is associated with the clathrin-coated pit of cellular membrane. Removal of the first 27 amino acid residues from the SR-A N-terminus further.
Ciberviolencia en las relaciones de pareja: una revisión sobre su metodología de investigación

En los últimos años ha aumentado el interés por el estudio de la ciberviolencia en la pareja, sin embargo es necesario examinar la metodología de investigación que sustenta las evidencias obtenidas hasta el momento. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica que analiza 30 instrumentos de medida de ciberviolencia en la pareja de adolescentes y jóvenes adultos utilizados a lo largo de estos años. Los principales resultados muestran una elevada pluralidad metodológica, conceptual y terminológica, observándose un reducido número de instrumentos con suficientes garantías psicométricas. Predominan los trabajos de procedencia estadounidense y, entre los instrumentos aplicados en muestras españolas, destaca una infrarrepresentación de indicadores de ciberviolencia de tipo sexual, lo que limita la comprensión de esta problemática. Esta investigación aporta información sobre el estado actual en el estudio de la ciberviolencia en la pareja y pone de relieve deficiencias metodológicas en la construcción del conocimiento en este campo de estudio. Este trabajo permite una mejor comprensión de la disparidad de resultados señalada por investigaciones previas, especialmente referidas a prevalencia, frecuencia y diferencias de género en este tipo de comportamientos violentos, además de sentar las bases para abordar el fenómeno desde el rigor científico. The interest for the study of the cyber dating abuse has increased in the last years; however, it is necessary to examine the research methodology that supports the evidence obtained so far. This paper presents a systematic review of the scientific literature that analyzes 30 measuring instruments of cyber dating abuse in adolescent and young adults used along these years. The main results show a methodological, conceptual and terminological plurality, observing a small number of instruments with sufficient psychometric guarantees. The instruments come mostly from the United States, and of the instruments applied to Spanish samples, few include indicators of sexual cyber dating abuse, which limits the understanding of this problem. This research provides information on the current status of the study of cyber dating abuse and highlights methodological shortcomings in the construction of knowledge in this field of study. This study allows a better understanding of the disparity of results indicated by previous research, especially referring to prevalence, frequency and gender differences in this type of violent behavior, as well as laying the foundations for addressing the phenomenon from scientific rigor.
1 Social and affective factors in home language maintenance and development: Setting the scene

We are delighted to have this volume included in the series Handbooks of Applied Linguistics. As a field, applied linguistics investigates language-related real-world is-sues – particularly those concerning language use, language acquisition and learn-ing, and language teaching – and works towards describing and explaining these processes and suggesting ways to enhance them. It approaches these issues from an interdisciplinary perspective, drawing not only on linguistics but also on neighbour-ing disciplines such as education, psychology, and sociology. Each of the earlier vol-umes in the handbook series presents an overview of their chosen field, identifies the most important traditions, their research findings, and gaps in current research, and provides perspectives for future research directions. So too does this volume. Couched in one of the main branches of applied linguistics research – bilin-gualism (which in our understanding includes notions of multilingualism and plurilingualism) – this volume focuses on social and affective factors in home lan-guage maintenance and development. Bilingualism research has extensively ex-plored linguistic and psycholinguistic perspectives, and educational practices and outcomes. Yet the social and affective perspectives that impact on home lan-guage maintenance and development have remained somewhat less researched, a gap that is addressed in this handbook. This is the first volume that brings together the different strands of research into social and affective factors of home language maintenance and development. Contributors from around the world present a rich harvest of research paradigms and perspectives, providing a comprehensive and constructive overview of the state-of-the-art in this flourishing field.
Climate Sensitivity of Tropical Trees Along an Elevation Gradient in Rwanda

Elevation gradients offer excellent opportunities to explore the climate sensitivity of vegetation. Here, we investigated elevation patterns of structural, chemical, and physiological traits in tropical tree species along a 1700–2700 m elevation gradient in Rwanda, central Africa. Two early-successional (Polyscias fulva, Macaranga kilimandscharica) and two late-successional (Syzygium guineense, Carapa grandiflora) species that are abundant in the area and present along the entire gradient were investigated. We found that elevation patterns in leaf stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), net photosynthesis (An), and water-use efficiency were highly season-dependent. In the wet season, there was no clear variation in gs or An with elevation, while E was lower at cooler high-elevation sites. In the dry season, gs, An, and E were all lower at drier low elevation sites. The leaf-to-air temperature difference was smallest in P. fulva, which also had the highest gs and E. Water-use efficiency (An/E) increased with elevation in the wet season, but not in the dry season. Leaf nutrient ratios indicated that trees at all sites are mostly P limited and the N:P ratio did not decrease with increasing elevation. Our finding of strongly decreased gas exchange at lower sites in the dry season suggests that both transpiration and primary production would decline in a climate with more pronounced dry periods. Furthermore, we showed that N limitation does not increase with elevation in the forests studied, as otherwise most commonly reported for tropical montane forests.
The Effect of One Session of Exhaustive Swimming Training on Lactate Dehydrogenase, Creatine Kinase, and Lactate of Elite Male Swimmers

Introduction: Sports activities with increased mechanical pressure can lead to biochemical changes in the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one session of exhaustive swimming training on the response of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate in elite male swimmers. Methods: In this experimental study, 28 elite male swimmers aging 15-20 years in Fars province who were performing their training every day at Enghelab International Pool of Shiraz were selected as the sample of study. At first, the health status form and informed consent questionnaire were completed by athletes and their parents. To eliminate the effect of previous training on levels of LDH, CK and lactate, a 48-hour rest before the implementation of the research protocol was given to swimmers. On the day of the research, blood samples were taken before training in the sitting position. The swimmers then warmed up for 10 minutes. Subsequently, all subjects performed exhaustive swimming training. Immediately after the end of the training, 15 and 30 minutes following the training, blood samples were again taken from all of the subjects similarly in the sitting position. To analyze the findings of the research, repeated measures ANOVA along with Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used at p≤0.05. Results: One session of exhaustive swimming training did not have a significant effect on CK of elite male swimmers (P = 0.40); one session of exhaustive swimming training had a significant effect on LDH (P = 0.001) and lactate (P = 0.001) of elite male swimmers; LDH levels decreased significantly 15 minutes (P = 0.001) and 30 minutes (P = 0.009) after training, and lactate levels decreased significantly 30 minutes after training (P = 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that one session of exhaustive swimming training in elite male swimmers leads to a significant increase in LDH and lactate. Also, LDH decreases significantly after 15 minutes and lactate after 30 minutes.
Lack of Peroxisome Proliferation in Marmoset Liver Following Treatment with Ciprofibrate for 3 Years

Lack of Peroxisome Proliferation in Marmoset Liver Following Treatment with Ciprofibrate for 3 Years. Graham, M. J., Wilson, S. A. , Winham, M. A. , Spencer, A. J., Rees, J. A. , Old, S. L. , and Bonner, F. W. (1994). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 22, 58-64. The effect of treatment of marmosets with ciprofibrate for 3 years on activities of hepatic enzymes, hepatic histomorphology, and ultrastructure were investigated. Male and female marmosets were dosed with ciprofibrate (2, 10, and 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once daily for 3 years. No effect on liver weight (adjusted for body weight) or liver morphology was observed. The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, benzphetamine N-demethylase, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase were unaffected by treatment with ciprofibrate. Activity of glutathione transferase was increased in the low dosage group but unaffected in the mid and high dosage groups. Modest increases in activities of peroxisomal β-oxidation (2.5-fold, maximal), carnitine acetyl transferase (1.7-fold, maximal), an carnitine palmitoyl transferase (2-fold, maximal) were observed. Cytochemical staining and quantitative image analysis failed to indicate any effect on peroxisomal number, size, or volume density. Similarly, there was no increase in lipofuscin deposition. This study provides data on the effects of a potent peroxisome proliferator on primate liver following a dosing period much greater than that used in previously published studies and is further evidence that the marmoset is relatively insensitive to the well-documented effects that ciprofibrate and other peroxisome proliferators have on rat liver.