Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Formation of Anodic Oxide Coatings

The effect of variations in electrolyte and forming conditions on the formation of porous type anodic oxide coatings on aluminum are discussed, with particular reference to the manner in which these variables control oxide formation, pore development, and the thickness of the barrier layer. Formation and solution rate data are applied to show that, during the formation of a porous type coating, conditions at pore bases are vastly different from those existing in the main body of the electrolyte.
Available Nitrogen for Corn and Winter Cereal in Spanish Soils Measured by Electro‐ultrafiltration, Calcium Chloride, and Incubation Methods

Abstract Comparison of methods is necessary to develop a quick and reliable test that can be used to determine soil‐available nitrogen (N) in an attempt to increase the efficiency of N fertilizers and reduce losses. The objectives of this research were to compare the fractions extracted by the calcium chloride (CaCl2) and the electro‐ultrafiltration (EUF) methods and to correlate them to the mineralization rate (k) obtained from a 112‐d incubation of 61 soil samples. Thirty‐five soil samples were collected from cornfields and 26 from winter cereal fields. Subsamples were either aerobically incubated to calculate k or extracted by the EUF and CaCl2 methods to identify three fractions: nitrate (NO3 −)‐N, ammonium (NH4 +)‐N, and Norg‐N. The Norg‐N extracted by both methods was larger in soils from cornfields than in soils from winter cereal fields. In samples from cornfields, the Norg‐N fraction obtained by the EUF method was correlated to the Norg‐N measured by the CaCl2 method (r=0.46). Soil N content was related to k in samples from cornfields (r=0.40) but not in samples from winter cereal fields. Also, k was correlated to inorganic N content extracted by both chemical methods. The CaCl2 method was a reliable alternative for laboratories to determine soil‐available N for corn but not for winter cereal.
Sustainable routes to polyurethane precursors

Environmentally friendly products and procedures are being developed both in industry and academia, mainly due to the depletion of fossil resources and the growing global awareness of the need to protect the environment. Thus, since polyurethanes represent a highly demanded class of polymers, straightforward, isocyanate and phosgene-free methods are required for the synthesis of their precursors (monomers) in order to achieve a sustainable production. To foster the discussion with the final goal to meet such a sustainable production, this review provides an overview of classic as well as modern and more sustainable routes towards polyurethanes and their precursors.
Orientation of Cytochrome c Adsorbed on a Citrate-Reduced Silver Colloid Surface

Eukaryotic membrane bound cytochrome c is believed to use areas of negative and positive charge to bind to the membrane and to interact in vivo with the corresponding oxidase and reductase. This specific charge distribution makes the protein ideal for the formation of self-assembled layers on charged surfaces. Citrate-coated, hexagonal silver colloidal particles were used to give a negatively charged surface for adsorption, and the effect of concentration and surface coverage was studied by surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). Excitation was with a preresonant frequency where the angular dependence of the scattering intensity is more pronounced than in resonance. The heme ring plane lies at a slight angle to the silver surface at low surface coverage. The adherence of the protein to the negatively charged surface is strong (indicated by no detectable SERRS from protein in supernatant), and as packing density is increased, a reorientation of about 5° to a more vertical orientation is observ.
Crystal chemistry of iron containing germanium andalusites, FexAl8-xGe4O20

Five iron containing germanium andalusites have been synthesized from homogeneous mixtures of Al 2 O 3 , GeO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 powders. The andalusite-type germanate Fe x Al 8#75x Ge 4 O 20 is formed in the composition range 2.6 ≤ x ≤ 5.6, corresponding to Fe 2 O 3 weight fractions from 23.9 to 45.5%, respectively. The phases crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm with lattice constants a ranging from 8.0223(1) A to 8.1490(2) A, b from 8.1546(1) A to 8.2654(2) A, and c from 5.7620(1) A to 5.8606(1) A, with Z=1
QUERCUS ROBUR (ENGLISH OAK) SEED: A POTENTIAL ENERGY, OLEIC AND CIS- LINOLEIC ACID RICH NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

Although plentiful in the South African urban areas where it is used as an ornamental tree, Quercus robur (Q. robur; English Oak), is not indigenous. The tree produces an abundance of fruit (acorns) which contain seeds that are left to decay despite their potential as sources of biomass. To establish the potential of the tree, we determined the proximate, mineral, fiber, amino acid, fatty acid and phytate-phosphate content of dehulled Quercus robur seed. The seed had a dry matter (DM) content of 91.56% and a gross energy content of 17.38 MJ kg. Of the DM content 88.65% was organic matter, 8.77% crude protein (CP) and 4.55% lipid. Calcium (0.07%) and phosphorus (0.11%) concentration were low. Amino acids constituted 94.86% of the CP. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) constituted 18.18% of the lipid content with palmitic acid the dominant SFA while the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) made up 42.04%. Oleic acid (OA) constituted 97.66% of the MUFAs. Polyunsaturated fatty acids made up 30.22% of the lipid content with cis-linoleic acid (28.71%) dominating. Due to the high energy content, a preponderance of OA and cis-linoleic acid and a low phytate-phosphate and fiber content, Q. robur seed could potentially be exploited as an energy dense and healthful nutritional supplement.
Effects of Systematic Nursing on the Stress Response, Psychological State, Postoperative Complications, and Nursing Satisfaction of Patients with Ureteral Calculi Undergoing Holmium Laser Lithotripsy with Flexible Ureteroscope under General Anesthesia

Objective: To explore the effects of systematic nursing on the stress response, psychological state, postoperative complications, and nursing satisfaction of patients with ureteral calculi undergoing holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope under general anesthesia. Methods: A total of 152 patients with ureteral calculi treated with holmium laser lithotripsy with ureteroscope in our hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 were enrolled, of which 80 patients were assigned to an observation group nursed under a systematic nursing mode and 72 patients were assigned to a control group nursed under a routine nursing mode. Operation indications of the two groups including hospitalization time and operation time were evaluated and compared and the stone-free rate of the two groups were compared. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma cortisol (Cor), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of patients in the two groups were determined, and the psychological quality of them were scored by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), and compared. In addition, the treatment cooperation degree of patients in the two groups after 24 hours of treatment and the nursing compliance of them after 7 days of nursing were evaluated, and the complications of the two groups were compared. Moreover, the nursing satisfaction of the patients was explored at the discharge of them. Results: The observation group experienced shorter hospitalization time and operation time and showed higher stone-free rate than the control group. After treatment, the SOD and Cor levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the MDA level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. In addition, the observation group got lower SAS and SDS scores, and showed higher treatment cooperation degree and nursing compliance, less complications, and higher nursing satisfaction than the control group. Conclusion: Systematic nursing can effectively improve the stress response and psychological state of patients with ureteral calculi undergoing holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope under general anesthesia and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in them, which contributes to a higher nursing satisfaction and is worthy of clinical promotion.
MALAYSIAN HOUSING INVESTMENT INFORMATION PRICE MODELLING

Research on housing set out for various reasons but the focus of all research lies in the three main traits: price, affordability and ownership. Whilst affordability captures the attention of social scientist, an interest in property investment identifies price determinants and what actually paid for a house and whether the decision to invest in housing is guided by sufficient information. This research aims at analyzing the impact of macro and micro determinant of house price in five selected location in Malaysia. A literature review reveals that house price is determined by an inter play of some macro factors such as income per capita. Twelve macro models proved that economic indicators are significant in explaining the price variation. The finding indicates that for all models, economic growth plays an important role in price but as the income-related variables are included in the model, income-related variables gained significance. Thus, the regression models led to a conclusion that price is greatly influenced by income and income-related factors. While this finding pertains to the national and state level, local market is investigated via the development of hedonic equation. A total of twenty-six (26) models have been developed for five different locations in Malaysia. Transaction prices of secondary double storey terrace houses are regressed against the identified attributes and collected from secondary and primary sources. Appropriate statistical analysis has been performed to minimize any potential technical disability in the model development which may affect the interpretation ability. Stepwise regression process is employed to eliminate multicollinearity that might affect the stability of the models. The analysis indicates that price is actually specific to a particular location. One location is greatly explained by building area, which means people are paying for larger area. Whilst in some other location, the price is significantly explained by the locational related factors. The findings for each location are quite consistent even though there is a tendency of shift in paying preference. For example Penang imposed higher implicit price observed in the model for distance factor, but in 2000s model shows that price is dominated by various factors. It shows that the implicit prices for each attribute vary from one year to another. Hence suggest that the price paid is not fixed but need adjustment from time to time. The findings thus suggests that it is quite impossible to draw general conclusion for the local market as it is influenced by factors or attributes that pertains to or specific to the particular market.
Bimolecular Electron Transfer in the Marcus Inverted Region

The rates for the photoinduced bimolecular reactions of a homologous series of RuII diimines with cytochrome (cyt) c in its oxidized and reduced forms have been measured. The electronic coupling and reorganization energy of the system have been adjusted such that the inverted region may be accessed at reasonable driving forces. The electron transfer (ET) rate constants for *RuII diimine/FeIIcyt c reaction increase monotonically and approach the diffusion limit of 8.8 × 108 M-1 s-1 at ΔG° = −0.7 V. At a higher driving force, which may be accessed with the powerfully oxidizing *Ru(diCF3-bpy)32+, the rate for ET is observed to drop off. Similarly, the high driving forces achieved with *RuII diimine/FeIIIcyt c (−ΔG ≥ 1.12 V) are manifested in a decrease of the ET rate constant with increasing exergonicity. The observed ET rates for both systems are well described by a bimolecular model for ET occurring over an equilibrium distribution of reactant separation distances, each having a different formation probabi.
Domain-oriented Patent Indicator Mining Method (cid:63)

With the implementation of the innovation-driven development, technological innovation has received unprecedented attention. As an important carrier of technological innovation, patent innovation is the main form of technological innovation. It is a basic idea to evaluate innovation by establishing innovation indicator system. However, there are few patent indicator systems which are constructed automatically. The automatic construction of patent indicator should solve the following issues: 1)how to divide diﬀerent domains corresponding to diﬀerent indicators; 2)what indicators are extracted given the domain. To solve the above issues, we propose a domain oriented patent indicator mining method. This method divides patents into diﬀerent domains. For each domain, we extract features from dependency syntax analysis tree and construct the domain indicator tree. We use Bayesian neural network to train the model. The results show that our method can discover domain indicators with higher evaluation measurements.
46. Positional Effects in Consonant Clusters : The Blackwell Companion to Phonology : The Blackwell Companion to Phonology

It is commonly observed across languages that phonological processes may apply only in certain (“non-prominent”) positions. In contrast, elements in other (“prominent”) positions typically resist or trigger these processes. Such prominent vs. nonprominent positional distinctions are further applicable to more general patterns of licensing and neutralization of phonological contrasts; namely, featural/segmental contrasts are likely to be licensed in prominent positions, whereas these contrasts are likely to be neutralized in non-prominent positions. Pairs of prominent and non-prominent positions include word-initial vs. non-initial, stressed vs. unstressed, root vs. affix, and prevocalic vs. preconsonantal positions. Among the positional effects involving these pairs, this chapter is mainly concerned with those involving the two members of intervocalic consonant clusters. See Beckman (1998) and Barnes (2006) for recent extensive investigations of other positional effects; see also CHAPTER 104: ROOT—AFFIX ASYMMETRIES and CHAPTER 102: CATEGORY-SPECIFIC EFFECTS. In intervocalic C1C2 clusters, the preconsonantal C1 is more likely to undergo phonological processes such as voicing and place assimilation, in contrast with the prevocalic C2, which is rarely subject to such processes. I will refer to this asymmetric positional effect as the C2 dominance effect.
Infrared Thermography Based Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis for Rotating Machines

: Rotating machines are the crucial components of any industrial firm. The abrupt malfunctioning of such machines doesn’t merely affect the process downtime moreover it leads to production loss. Therefore to minimize the operation and maintenance costs, early detection of faults is very essential. As of late infrared thermography (IRT) has picked up consideration amongst the non-destructive condition monitoring techniques for early fault diagnosis of rotating machines. IRT is one of the contactless and non-invasive condition monitoring (CM) tool with very high accuracy and reliability. Real-time temperature measurement is done in a non-contact manner with this technique. IRT has discovered its applications in paper, aerospace, nuclear, wood, plastic, and various other industries. This paper presents a state of art review describing the fundamentals of IRT, diverse induction motor (IM) faults, and their diagnosis. The paper summarizes some of the machine learning methods such as artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and support vector machine for the detection of bearing faults. Additionally, some deep learning methods have been discussed in this paper due to their superiority over machine learning methods in terms of feature extraction as well as their selection. Also, the future scope has been proposed for developing a complete and self-learning package for fault diagnosis, and prognosis.
Serum microRNA 106 and microRNA 223 as novel biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves mainly Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Distinguishing between the two diseases may be problematic in 15% of patients due to inconclusive findings on histopathology or endoscopy. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs composed of 18-23 nucleotides and are widely detected in the cells involved in variable pathological and physiological processes. The aim of this study is to assess if serum microRNA 106 and microRNA 223 (miR-223) can be reliable biomarkers in IBD patients. Methods: Serum levels of microRNA 106 and microRNA 223 (miR-223) were determined in 80 IBD patients by using the Transcript or First Stand cDNA, expression levels of serum miRNA in IBD patients and the control group and between active and inactive diseases were detected. Results: There was a significant increase in expression levels of serum miRNA 106 and miRNA 223 in IBD patients (UC and CD) compared to the control group (P<0.001, both). Also, There was a significant increase of expression levels of serum miRNA 106 and serum miRNA 223 with increased disease activity of IBD (P <0.05, both). Conclusions: The levels of miRNA 106 and miRNA 223 are higher in the peripheral blood of IBD patients and the elevation is more significant in the active disease. The miRNA 106 and miRNA 223 may be used as a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of IBD and evaluating the disease activity.
Substitution of Ti3+ and Ti4+ in hibonite (CaAl12O19)

Abstract The structures of eight synthetic samples of hibonite, with variable Ti oxidation state and Ti concentration (2.4-15.9 wt% TiO2) that span the range reported for natural hibonite found in meteorites, were determined by Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data. Ti3+ was found to exclusively occupy the octahedral face-sharing M4 site irrespective of the presence or absence of Ti4+. Ti4+ partitions between the trigonal bipyramidal M2 site and the M4 site. The ratio (Ti4+ on M2):(Ti4+ on M4) appears to be constant for all the samples, with an average of 0.18(2) irrespective of the concentrations of Ti3+ and Ti4+. These substitutional sites were shown to be the most stable configurations for Ti in hibonite from calculations using density functional theory, although the predicted preference of Ti4+ for M4 over M2 is not as strong as is observed. This is attributed to the different Ti contents of the experimental and calculated structures and suggests that the Ti site occupancies might change between these concentrations. Furthermore, it is shown that Ti has a preference to occupy neighboring M4 sites such that Ti-Ti interactions occur with stabilization energies of 83 kJ/mol for Ti3+-Ti3+ and at least 15 kJ/mol for Ti4+-Ti4+. Features in optical spectroscopy and electron spin resonance data from meteoritic and synthetic hibonites that have been used to infer Ti3+/Ti4+ are shown to actually derive from these Ti-Ti interactions. The amount of Ti4+ in hibonite can be determined from the unit-cell parameters if STi is determined independently. Ti3+/Ti4+ in hibonite may record the oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the early solar nebula, however, the existence of Ti3+-Ti3+ and Ti4+-Ti4+ interactions and the potential for Ti4+-Ti3+ interactions need to be considered when interpreting spectroscopic data in terms of Ti valence state and fO2. Hibonite as a single-mineral oxybarometer must be used with caution due to the potential role of crystal chemistry (including Ti-Ti interactions) to stabilize Ti oxidation states independently of fO2.
Marriage and CEO’s Concern for Corporate Social Responsibility

Drawing on the evidence from the broad social science and humanities literature, we investigate the hypothesis that married chief executive officers (CEOs) tend to care more for corporate social responsibility (CSR). Based on a sample of 2,163 U.S. firms from 1993 to 2008, we find that firms headed by unmarried CEOs are associated with lower KLD-CSR scores. Further scrutiny indicates that unmarried CEOs score significantly lower on KLD-CSR strengths, particularly related to qualitative issues in diversity and employee relations. Our findings appear to be robust to potential endogeneity bias and indicate a negative externality in CSR introduced by the marital status of CEOs.
Noise Trading and Abnormal Return in Stock Market

This study analyzes the relationship between noise trading and abnormal returns on assets. This study first validates the positive correlation between noise trading and abnormal returns on assets. In markets with high noise trading, the higher the abnormal returns on its assets, and vice versa. In exploring the relationship between noise trading and asset yield, this study uses abnormal return as a new indicator proposed in recent years for analysis. When analyzing the impact of company fundamentals on return on assets, the variables of company fundamentals are integrated using clustering analysis and principal component analysis. This suggests that in the long run there is a mutual causal relationship between noise trading and abnormal returns on assets. The results of this study show that the deviation from the interaction of noise trades and abnormal returns can be corrected and reach the equilibrium in the long run.
A Derivation of Exponential Temporal Discounting from Temporal Neutrality

Economists and policy-makers model intertemporal decisions using discounted utility theory. Invented by Paul Samuelson and Frank Ramsey, discounted utility theory is a way of extending expected utility theory to include time preferences, preferences for when outcomes occur in time. The model gets its name from the fact that people tend to prefer positive outcomes to be delivered sooner and negative outcomes to be delivered later– hence the model discounts the utility of outcomes the later they occur. For the sake of simplicity, Samuelson proposed that we discount all outcomes at a constant rate per unit time. In continuous time this schedule of discounting leads to a discount function that takes an exponential form. Samuelson and Ramsey explicitly disavowed interpreting this form normatively. Samuelson wrote that “The idea that such a [mathematical] investigation could have any influence upon ethical judgments of policy is one which deserves the impatience of modern economists” (1937, 161) and Ramsey insisted that discounting utility over time in any form is “a practice which is ethically indefensible” (1928, p.543). Yet within a few decades exponential discounting was widely interpreted as the only rational way to discount in time. A result by Strotz 1955 and subsequent work by Koopmans 1960, Lancaster 1963 and others lent the exponential function a normative interpretation.1 An exponential function, it turns out, dominates other functions in the sense that a decision maker using an exponential discount function cannot suffer a preference reversal due to their time preferences. Using any other function leads to preference reversals and hence possible exploitation, a cardinal sin in economics and rational choice theory. The threat of exploitation put exponential discounting on a normative pedestal. Of all the ways to discount, it holds that one should discount exponentially. As Loewe summarizes, “After Strotz’ contribution, the choice of exponential discounting was not an arbitrary choice anymore, nor a choice of convenience; exponential discounting was found to be now the rational standard in intertemporal choice, one based on the fundamental intuition that any normal person is in fact able to plan ahead” (204). Although it has been criticized from various directions, it’s fair to say that the exponential discount