Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Launch Window Hypothesis and the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off in Baseball Throwing

The speed-accuracy trade-off in throwing has been well described, but its cause is poorly understood. The popular impulse-variability hypothesis lacks relevance to throwing, while the launch window hypothesis has explanatory potential but has not been empirically tested. The current study therefore aimed to quantify the speed-accuracy trade-off and launch window during a throwing task at two different speeds. Nine elite junior baseball players (M age = 19.6 yr.; M height = 1.80 m; M weight = 75.5 kg) threw 10 fastballs at 80 and 100% of maximal throwing speed (MTS) toward a 7 cm target from a distance of 20 m. A 3D motion analysis system measured ball speed and trajectory. A speed-accuracy trade-off occurred, mediated by increased vertical error. This can be attributed to the launch window, which was significantly smaller, particularly its vertical component, during 100% MTS. Maximal throwing speed correlated negatively with launch window size. The launch window hypothesis explained the observed speed-accuracy trade-off, providing a framework within which aspects of technique can be identified and altered to improve performance.
Activation of Wnt Signaling in Hematopoietic Regeneration

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) respond to injury by rapidly proliferating and regenerating the hematopoietic system. Little is known about the intracellular programs that are activated within HSCs during this regenerative process and how this response may be influenced by alterations in signals from the injured microenvironment. Here we have examined the regenerating microenvironment and find that following injury it has an enhanced ability to support HSCs. During this regenerative phase, both hematopoietic and stromal cell elements within the bone marrow microenvironment show increased expression of Wnt10b, which can function to enhance growth of hematopoietic precursors. In addition, regenerating HSCs show increased activation of Wnt signaling, suggesting that microenvironmental changes in Wnt expression after injury may be integrated with the responses of the hematopoietic progenitors. Cumulatively, our data reveal that growth signals in the hematopoietic system are re‐activated during injury, and provide novel insight into the influence of the microenvironment during regeneration.
Low-Power Digital Baseband Transceiver Design for UWB Physical Layer of IEEE 802.15.6 Standard

This paper presents the design and implementation of ultrawideband digital baseband transceiver for wireless body area networks (WBAN) applications. The power dissipation and area of the proposed architecture are minimized by combining algorithmic and architectural level modifications. A new algorithm for Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) encoding is implemented and the coding gain of the BCH decoder is improved by 0.5 dB, with a cost of only one percent area overhead. An area efficient, low-complexity, and low-power BCH decoder is implemented and it has 42<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math> </inline-formula> lower area and 38<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> lower power dissipation compared to a conventional hard-decision decoder. Other salient features of this paper include a low-complexity, low-power packet detection unit, and a low-power module for removing the shortening bits. The baseband transceiver has been designed in 90 nm CMOS technology and it has an energy efficiency of 73 pJ/bit in transmitter mode and 225 pJ/bit in receiver mode.
A New Resource Allocation Algorithm in LTE-Tier Networks

This paper mainly studies the resource allocation algorithm in LTE- A two-tier network. First of all, the research background of LTE-A techniques and Game theory is introduced. Then a distributed algorithm based on coalitional formation Game for femtocell resource allocation and interference management is proposed, which mainly focuses on cooperative strategies to optimize the coalition utility. The simulation shows that this algorithm applies the self-organizing characteristic of the femto base station, and the femtocells choose the optimal cooperators to form coalitions, thus reducing the interference, improving the network capacity and the throughput of the user.
Gray-Level Manipulation Experiments for Texture Analysis

Some gray-level manipulation techniques are described, the first of which involves changing the gray-level distribution within the picture. Thereafter a method for extracting relatively noise-free objects from a noisy background is described. The purpose of these techniques is to preprocess a textural scene for subsequent analysis or classification. The present state of the art of texture analysis in general does not enable the parameters associated with the techniques to be generalized. Results for a range of parameters for both real and computer-generated pictures are therefore given.
Herpes zoster in pregnancy leading to keloids and post herpetic neuralgia: A double whammy?

Sir, A 28‐year‐old woman came to the clinic with healed herpes zoster (HZ) scars in the T5, T6 dermatome and persistent pain in that area since the episode [Figure 1]. She developed HZ last year when she was 28 weeks pregnant. Her dermatologist advised her against any oral antivirals. Her HIV status was negative and still is. About 4 weeks later, she noticed her scars becoming prominent and gradually starting to showing keloidal features. From her history, she had a typical episode of HZ. She did not develop deep, necrotic lesions or have a secondary infection. She had a normal delivery and the child is in good health. She had no history or signs of scars or keloids and had a negative family history. She said that her keloids were itchy and painful sporadically. She also had post‐herpetic neuralgia. The pain was lancinating in nature, sporadic, prominent in some positions, present between the keloids and around them in the entire dermatome. It did not respond adequately to NSAIDs, 1200 mg of gabapentin, which made her dizzy and somnolent, and 150 mg of pregabalin. She has been treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg/ml and oral antihistamines for the itching. We await her response upon follow‐up after one month.
CooB is required for assembly but not transport of CS1 pilin

CS1 pili are filamentous proteinaceous appendages found on many enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains isolated from human diarrhoeal disease. They are thought to effect colonization of the upper intestine by facilitating binding to human ileal epithelial cells. We have identified a gene, cooB, which lies directly upstream of cooA, the gene that encodes the major structural CS1 protein. When translated in vitro, the protein product of cooB migrates in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel with an apparent molecular mass of 26 kDa, which is consistent with that predicted from its DNA sequence. We constructed a mutant allele (cooB‐1) by insertion of the omega fragment, which inhibits transcription and translation, into the cooB gene in vitro. In a derivative of an ETEC strain with the cooB‐1 mutation (JEF100) and a plasmid that encodes Rns (pEU2030), the positive regulator required for CS1 expression, no cooB and a greatly reduced level of cooA product was detectable in total cell extracts. The reduction of cooA in this strain appears to result from polarity of the cooB mutation because introduction of the wild‐type cooA gene in trans causes production of CooA protein, which is found in cell pellet extracts, in extracts containing only surface proteins and in the culture supernatant. Therefore, in the absence of CooB, CooA is stable and it is transported through both inner and outer membranes. However, the cooB‐1 strain with cooA in trans does not cause haemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes (the model system used to assay adherence mediated by coli surface antigen 1 (CS1) pili). Electron microscopy reveals that there are no pili present on the cell surface or in the culture medium in which this strain was grown. Thus, although it is not required for stability or transport of the major CS1 pilin protein, CooB is needed for assembly of CooA into pili. The relationship of these gene products to those of other pili is discussed.
Pial arterial pressure in cats following middle cerebral artery occlusion. 1. Relationship to blood flow, regulation of blood flow and electrophysiological function.

In lightly anesthetized cats, the left middle cerebral artery was occluded using a transorbital approach. Pial arterial pressure was measured with a feedback-controlled micropressure recording system in the territory of the occluded artery, and compared with changes of cortical blood flow, cortical steady potential and cortical EEG activity. After middle cerebral artery occlusion pial artery pressure fell from 56.2 +/− 1.6 to 7.8 +/− 0.4 mm Hg; during the following two hours it again slowly rose to about 15 mm Hg. Cortical heat conductance, as a measure of blood flow, decreased from 15.1 +/− 0.2 to 11.9 +/− 0.2 × 10(−4) cal × cm-1 × sec-1 × degrees C-1, and remained at this level throughout the observation period. Cortical steady potential shifted by 9.1 +/− 0.7 mV towards negativity, and EEG amplitude was reduced by about 50%. Pial arterial pressure correlated with blood flow, cortical steady potential and EEG amplitude, but not with EEG frequency. Autoregulation and CO2 reactivity of blood flow were disturbed after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Calculation of extra- and intracortical vascular resistances revealed that this disturbance was entirely due to intracortical vasoparalysis whereas the collateral vessels supplying the ischemic territory continued to react to both pressure and CO2 changes. Maintained vascular reactivity of collateral vessels, therefore, is a decisive factor for the efficiency of therapeutic blood flow improvement after acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan potassium (DuP 753/MK 954) in the dog.

The pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration-effect relationship for the nonpeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist losartan potassium (losartan) have been determined with conscious and anesthetized dogs. The p.o. bioavailability of single doses of 5 to 20 mg/kg was low, 23 to 33%, and independent of the dose. Absorption was rapid, with peak plasma levels observed within 1 hr, and the Cmax and area under the concentration vs. time curve to infinity were proportional to the dose, P < . 05. The elimination half-life, 108 to 153 min, was longer than that observed after a single i.v. dose, 41 min, and may reflect both continuous absorption and enterohepatic recirculation because the major route of excretion was via the bile. Single i.v. doses were eliminated rapidly, with a systemic plasma clearance of 22.2 ml/min/kg. When corrected for the blood:plasma distribution ratio, 0.66 to 0.72, the systemic clearance approximates hepatic blood flow, suggesting that clearance is primarily via hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion. Losartan was not distributed extensively to tissues; apparent volume of distribution at steady-state of 0.30 liters/kg and was highly but not extensively bound to plasma proteins; 2.7 to 2.9% unbound (free). The plasma concentration vs. blockade of exogenous Ang II-induced vasopressor response was also determined after a single 3-mg/kg i.v. dose of losartan with a sigmoidal Emax model. Blockade of the pressor response was rapid, 89% at 5 min, and declined to 11% at 240 min postdose. The relationship between concentration and effect was highly significant (r = 0.922, P < .01), with an IC50 (total) of 96 ng/ml. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of Two Different IPM Traction Machines With Concentrated Winding

This paper investigates the capability and behaviors of two different tooth-concentrated winding topologies for traction electric machine applications. The well-known conventional 12-teeth/10-poles winding and also the new 18-teeth/10-poles winding with low-magnetomotive force (MMF) harmonic contents are investigated. Using these winding types, two permanent-magnet (PM) machines are designed and analyzed, and their performances have been compared. Considering the main machine parameters, such as the electromagnetic torque, losses, field-weakening capability, thermal behavior, and also the noise and vibrations characteristics, the obtained results show significant advantages for the new machine over the conventional design. For the new 18-teeth/10-poles PM machine design, a prototype machine is built and several measurements results for the electromagnetic torque and machine efficiency are given.
A flexible QoS architecture for DVB‐RCS2

This paper presents a QoS, architecture for the Higher Layers Satellite in the second generation Digital Video Broadcasting with Return Channel via Satellite standard. It describes the flexibility offered by integrating link and network functions to support internet protocol‐based differentiated QoS. The operation of key mechanisms is outlined and analysed to show how these may be combined to realise differentiated services by defining mappings between per‐hop behaviours, to queues in the traffic plane and return channel satellite terminal request classes in the control plane. Simulation is used to show that an appropriate mapping can be used to can tune the offered service to different traffic classes and that an appropriate assignment can significantly improve the satellite bandwidth efficiency and/or the performance/QoS supplied to a traffic class. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2002 William Allen Award address. Introductory speech for Albert de la Chapelle.

It is with great personal pleasure that I present this year's recipient of the William Allan Award, Albert de la Chapelle. This prize is the major award of our society and is granted yearly to a scientist for substantial contributions to human and medical genetics that have been carried out over a lifetime of scientific and scholarly inquiry.
Cell cycle-dependent transcription of CLN2 is conferred by multiple distinct cis-acting regulatory elements

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3 genes encode functionally redundant G1 cyclins required for cell cycle initiation. CLN1 and CLN2 mRNAs accumulate periodically throughout the cell cycle, peaking in late G1. We show that cell cycle-dependent fluctuation in CLN2 mRNA is regulated at the level of transcriptional initiation. Mutational analysis of the CLN2 promoter revealed that the major cell cycle-dependent upstream activating sequence (UAS) resides within a 100-bp fragment. This UAS contains three putative SWI4-dependent cell cycle boxes (SCBs) and two putative MluI cell cycle boxes (MCBs). Mutational inactivation of these elements substantially decreased CLN2 promoter activity but failed to eliminate periodic transcription. Similarly, inactivation of SWI4 decreased CLN2 transcription without affecting its periodicity. We have identified a second UAS in the CLN2 upstream region that can promote cell cycle-dependent transcription with kinetics similar to that of the intact CLN2 promoter. Unlike the major CLN2 UAS, this newly identified UAS promotes transcription in cells arrested in G1 by inactivation of cdc28. This novel UAS is both necessary and sufficient for regulated transcription driven by a CLN2 promoter lacking functional SCBs and MCBs. Although this UAS itself contains no SCBs or MCBs, its activity is dependent upon SWI4 function. The characteristics of this novel UAS suggest that it might have a role in initiating CLN2 expression early in G1 to activate the positive feedback loop that drives maximal Cln accumulation.
FOXO transcription factors in ageing and cancer

Ageing is associated with an increased onset of cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the age dependency of cancer will have important implications for preventing and treating this pathology. The signalling pathway connecting insulin and FOXO transcription factors provides the most compelling example for a conserved genetic pathway at the interface between ageing and cancer. FOXO transcription factors (FOXO) promote longevity and tumour suppression. FOXO transcription factors are directly phosphorylated in response to insulin/growth factor signalling by the protein kinase Akt, thereby causing their sequestration in the cytoplasm. In the absence of insulin/growth factors, FOXO factors translocate to the nucleus where they trigger a range of cellular responses, including resistance to oxidative stress, a phenotype highly coupled with lifespan extension. FOXO factors integrate stress stimuli via phosphorylation, acetylation and mono‐ubiquitination of a series of regulatory sites. Understanding how FOXO proteins integrate environmental conditions to control specific gene expression programmes will be pivotal in identifying ways to slow the onset of cancer in ageing individuals.
Use of reference model for formal specification of NFR

Requirement Engineering plays a very significant role in order to encode domain knowledge (customers) and implementation strategies (developers). Further, for the development of quality software, it is indeed necessary to specify both functional and non-functional requirement for the proposed software especially for those who program it. Hence, it is must to model the non-functional properties of the system. However, focus of modeling requirements is limited to the functional requirements only. Hence, this paper addresses the issue of specifying Non Functional Requirements (NFR) by integrating the NFR with Reference Model on the basis of soft nature of NFRs. Result analysis validates the claim that the proposal presented in this paper is compared well with various established measures. For validation purpose the sensitivity analysis is also carried out.
Kronik Bel Ağrısı Olan Hastaların Kullanmış Oldukları Tamamlayıcı Tedavi Yöntemlerinin ve Hastalık Algılarının İncelenmesi

Amac: Calisma, kronik bel agrisi olan bireylerin kullandiklari tamamlayici tedavi yontemlerini ve hastalik algilarini incelemek amaciyla tanimlayici ve kesitsel olarak yapilmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Arastirma Tokat Devlet Hastanesi’nde Norosirurji servisinde tedavi goren ve calismaya gonullu olarak katilan 49 birey ile Eylul-Ekim 2009’da gerceklestirilmistir. Veriler arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen soru formu ve Hastalik Algisi Olcegi kullanilarak toplanmistir. Arastirmanin verileri sayi, ortalama, standart sapma, yuzdelik, pearson korelasyon kat sayisi ile degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Hastalarin %65.3’u bel agrisi disinda boyun ve sirt agrisi da oldugunu ve bel agrisinin ilk baslangic zamaninin 1-5 yil once oldugunu (%42.9) belirtmektedirler. Şu andaki agri duzeylerinin gunluk yasam aktivitelerini sinirlayacak derecede oldugunu (%67.3) ve hastalarin hepsi tamamlayici tedavi yontemini kullandigini belirtmektedirler. En fazla kullanilan yontemlerin kaplicaya gitmek (%73.5), masaj yapmak (%71.4), bitkisel tedavi kullanmak (%61.2) ve dua etmek (%59.2) oldugu belirlenmistir. Katilimcilar hastalik suresince en fazla agri (%100), guc kaybi (%83.7), yorgunluk (%65.3) belirtilerini yasadiklarini ifade etmislerdir. Hastalarin hastalik hakkindaki gorusleri ile ilgili alt boyutlar incelendiginde; duygusal temsiller algisi, kisisel kontrol, sure (akut/kronik) algisi ve olumsuz sonuclar algisi puan ortalamalarinin diger alt boyutlara gore yuksek oldugu belirlenmistir. Hastaligi anlayabilme algisi puan ortalamasi en dusuk bulunmustur. Sonuc: Hastalarin bel agrisiyla birlikte ortaya cikan duygusal belirtileri yogun olarak algiladiklari, kronik bir hastaliga sahip olduklarina inandiklari ve hastaligin nedeni olarak stres – endise ile kalitimin etkili olduguna inandiklari belirlenmistir.
A phase I trial of andrographolide in HIV positive patients and normal volunteers

A phase I dose‐escalating clinical trial of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata was conducted in 13 HIV positive patients and five HIV uninfected, healthy volunteers. The objectives were primarily to assess safety and tolerability and secondarily to assess effects on plasma virion HIV‐1 RNA levels and CD4+ lymphocyte levels. No subjects used antiretroviral medications during the trial. Those with liver or renal abnormalities were excluded. The planned regimen was 5 mg/kg bodyweight for 3 weeks, escalating to 10 mg/kg bodyweight for 3 weeks, and to 20 mg/kg bodyweight for a final 3 weeks. The trial was interrupted at 6 weeks due to adverse events including an anaphylactic reaction in one patient. All adverse events had resolved by the end of observation. A significant rise in the mean CD4+ lymphocyte level of HIV subjects occurred after administration of 10 mg/kg andrographolide (from a baseline of 405 cells/mm3 to 501 cells/mm3; p = 0.002). There were no statistically significant changes in mean plasma HIV‐1 RNA levels throughout the trial. Andrographolide may inhibit HIV‐induced cell cycle dysregulation, leading to a rise in CD4+ lymphocyte levels in HIV‐1 infected individuals. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping and manipulating whispering gallery modes of a microsphere resonator with a near‐field probe

We report high spatial resolution mapping of high‐Q whispering gallery modes in microsphere resonators with a near‐field probe. We present experimental results on the effect of Q‐factor degradation when the probe interacts with the evanescent field and discuss future applications of our experimental set‐up for realization of novel nanolasers and nano light‐emitting‐diodes.
Hyperglycaemia and mortality

Several studies over the last decade have linked hyperglycaemia on hospital admission with subsequent mortality risk. The evidence is strongest for patients with myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndromes, but evidence also links hyperglycaemia with mortality from stroke and other medical illnesses. The effect seems independent of a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; indeed, some studies suggest that mortality may be higher in patients with hyperglycaemia and no previous diabetes diagnosis compared with known diabetic patients. The effect on outcome of therapeutically lowering blood glucose levels has been considered in a small number of studies, but so far the results are conflicting. Further work is needed, focusing on more standardized surveys—previous studies vary in their use of blood or plasma, as well as cut-off levels for hyperglycaemia—and larger intervention studies.
Autophosphorylation of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates DNA End Processing and May Also Alter Double-Strand Break Repair Pathway Choice

ABSTRACT Two highly conserved double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways, homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), function in all eukaryotes. How a cell chooses which pathway to utilize is an area of active research and debate. During NHEJ, the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) functions as a “gatekeeper” regulating DNA end access. Here, we provide evidence that DNA-PK regulates DNA end access via its own autophosphorylation. We demonstrated previously that autophosphorylation within a major cluster of sites likely mediates a conformational change that is critical for DNA end processing. Furthermore, blocking autophosphorylation at these sites inhibits a cell's ability to utilize the other major double-strand break repair pathway, HR. Here, we define a second major cluster of DNA-PK catalytic subunit autophosphorylation sites. Whereas blocking phosphorylation at the first cluster inhibits both end processing and HR, blocking phosphorylation at the second cluster enhances both. We conclude that separate DNA-PK autophosphorylation events may function reciprocally by not only regulating DNA end processing but also affecting DSB repair pathway choice.