Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collusion and Reciprocity in Infinitely Repeated Games

This paper extends the standard industrial organization models of repeated interaction between firms by incorporating preferences for reciprocity. A reciprocal firm responds to unkind behavior of rivals with unkind actions (destructive reciprocity), while at the same time, it responds to kind behavior of rivals with kind actions (constructive reciprocity). The main finding of the paper is that, for plausible perceptions of fairness, preferences for reciprocity facilitate collusion in infinitely repeated market games, that is, the critical discount rate at wish collusion can be sustained tends to be lower when firms have preferences for reciprocity than when firms are selfish. The paper also finds that the best collusive outcome that can be sustained in the infinitely repeated Cournot game with reciprocal firms is worse for consumers than the best collusive outcome that can be sustained in the infinitely repeated Cournot game with selfish firms.
Factors Influencing Malaysian Students' Intention to Study at a Higher Educational Institution

Higher education environments have become increasingly competitive and institutions have to woo for students in recruitment markets niches. As a result, the changes that have been considered in the Malaysian education sector over the past few years have aimed to introduce accountability for their services and, efficiency tin conducting their programs into this sector. This study is aimed to identify the main factors that significantly influence studentsâ�� intention to study at a higher educational institution (HEI). Findings of this study will be beneficial in terms of decision making and will contribute to the roles that assist the HEI marketers to plan and improve their marketing strategy for recruiting students. (Authors' abstract)
Various ways of understanding compliance: A psychiatrist's view

Rafał Jaeschke1, Marcin Siwek1,2,3, Dominika Dudek 1,2,3: 1 Adult Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland. 2 Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland. 3 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Correspondence address: Rafał Jaeschke, Adult Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, 21a Kopernika Str. , 31-501 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: rafal.jaeschke@gmail.com This research has not been aided by any grant. Various ways of understanding compliance: a psychiatrist’s view
Path tortuosity and the permeability of roads and trails to wolf movement

Few studies have examined the effects of human development on fine-scale movement behavior, yet understanding animal movement through increasingly human-dominated landscapes is essential for the persistence of many wild populations, especially wary species. In mountainous areas, roads and trails may be particularly deserving of study because they are concentrated in the valley bottoms where they can impede animal movement both across and between valleys. In this study, we tracked wolf (Canis lupus) movement in the snow for two winters in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada to examine how wolves navigate through or around human-use features. We quantified the effects of human development and topography on the tortuosity of wolf paths and then tested the permeability of roads, trails, and a railway line to wolf movement by comparing the frequency with which actual wolf paths and a null model of random paths crossed these features. Wolf path tortuosity increased near high-use trails, within areas of high-trail and road density, near predation sites, and in rugged terrain. Wolves crossed all roads, trails, and the railway line 9.7% less often than expected, but avoided crossing high-use roads more than low-use trails. Surprisingly, trails affected movement behavior of wolves equally, if not more, than roads. These results suggest that although roads and trails in this study were not absolute barriers to wolf movement, they altered wolf movements across their territories.
Social and Ethical dimensions of environmental Conservation

Despite the traditional distance between the practitioners of science and the people with spiritual beliefs, there has now been a convergence of religion and environmental activism. The global environmental crisis, which is demanding our attention with everincreasing urgency, reaches into every area of our existence: physical, social, economic, political, cultural, psychological and spiritual. Consequently, people who attempt to deal with this crisis tend to approach it through a variety of channels, including the natural and the social sciences, ethics and religion. Those for whom the search for a meaningful existence involves the integration of nature and spirit tend to seek solutions in which these different approaches are in harmony rather than in conflict (Vaillancourt and Cousineau, 1997). Environment is visualized as all of the conditions, circumstances etc. that surround and influence life on earth, including atmospheric conditions, food chains and water cycle. It is a harmonious blend of life in its infinite diversity with the nonliving factors viz. climatic, edaphic and topographic. All the living beings, are in tune with the environment; their origin and evolution, and even extinctions are in perfect blend with time and dynamism of nature. The humans however are not only coming out of this primal harmony, but also destroying it in many ways. Science or technology alone or in combination cannot redeem the deteriorating situation and set aright once again a healthy atmosphere for natural continuity of life and evolution. Humans, forming a major and decisive sector of the biosphere, have a conscious role to play in this regard. The impending global crisis, both economic and ecologic, having tumultuous effect on the entire biosphere, has prompted scientists and thinkers to probe into the social and ethical dimensions of environmental conservation as well.
Buckling behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotubes under axial loading

We investigate the behaviour of a single-walled Carbon Nanotube under axial compressive line load applied at both edges. The expected buckling response is studied by application of a molecular computation model. We formulate a global potential and search for its minimum to obtain the equilibrium configuration. The critical nanotube diameter, when local shell buckling occurs, is measured with two parameters: the value of compression loading and tube diameter.
The effect of grazing pressure on rotationally grazed pastures in spring/early summer on subsequent sward characteristics

Two experiments (E1 and E2) were carried out to examine the effect of grazing pressure (GP) in the early part of the grazing season on subsequent sward composition. Three GP levels, equating to 6.35, 4.24 and 3.53 cows/ha in E1, and 6.06, 5.05 and 4.03 cows/ha in E2, were used. The GP treatments were applied between April and July in E1, and April and June in E2. As GP decreased different swards, termed high (HQ), medium (MQ) and low (LQ) quality, were created. The post-grazing sward heights at the end of the GP periods were 6.6, 10.5 and 14.6 (s.e. 0.78) cm in E1, and 5.9, 8.8 and 11.4 (s.e. 0.39) cm in E2, for HQ, MQ and low LQ, respectively. Organic matter digestibility coefficients for herbage from the HQ, MQ and LQ swards during the subsequent grazing cycles averaged 0.770, 0.729 and 0.702 (s.e. 0.0055) in E1, and 0.761, 0.731 and 0.711 (s.e. 0.0038) in E2, respectively. Average live leaf proportions of the HQ, MQ and LQ swards were 0.583, 0.427 and 0.329 (s.e. 0.0193) in E1, and 0.600, 0.474 and 0.362 (s.e. 0.0155) in E2, respectively. GP had a significant effect on the proportion of grass area categorised as short grass (SG). The proportions of SG area in HQ, MQ and LQ were 0.711, 0.579 and 0.445 (s.e. 0.0106), respectively, in E1, and 0.700, 0.556 and 0.441 (s.e. 0.0133), respectively, in E2. Pre-grazing herbage mass (dry matter above 45 mm) was 2,065, 2,736 and 3,700 (s.e. 144.1) kg/ha for HQ, MQ and LQ, respectively, in E1 and 2,688, 3,735 and 4,722 (s.e. 145.0) kg/ha for HQ, MQ and LQ, respectively, in E2. The results show the importance of early season grazing pressure in creating a leafy high-digestibility sward for the remainder of the grazing season.
A Display-based Visual Stimulator for Psychophysical and Electrophysiological Color Sensitivity Measurements

We present a display-based visual stimulator for psychophysical and electrophysiological visual sensitivity measurements. The stimulator offers various psychophysical visual stimuli and transfers the signals from external devices along with the stimulation signals to an electrophysiological recorder. As an experimental demonstration, we perform a visual sensitivity experiment in the mesopic vision range by using the display-based stimulator. The intensity of the steady-state visual evoked potential is observed to correlate with the luminance of the flickering visual stimulation. For the psychophysically determined detection thresholds, we determine the mesopic luminance, showing agreement with the perceived brightness within the uncertainty of the luminance measurement.
Kannada Language Parameters for Speaker Identification with The Constraint of Limited Data

In this paper we demonstrate the impact of language parameter variability on mono, cross and mult i- lingual speaker identificat ion under limited data condition. The languages considered for the study are English, Hindi and Kannada. The speaker specific features are ext racted using multi-taper mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and speaker models are built using Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-universal background model (UBM). The sine-weighted cepstrum estimators (SWCE) with 6 tapers are considered for mu lti -taper MFCC feature ext raction. The mono and cross-lingual experimental results show that the performance of speaker identificat ion trained and/or tested with Kannada language is decreased as co mpared to other languages. It was observed that a database free fro m ottakshara, arka and anukaranavyayagalu results a good performance and is almost equal to other languages.
Facing the dangers of climate change: A sea level rise scenario and case study in France

As a risk issue, climate change confronts us with many challenges. These challenges lie in scientific uncertainty (regarding the climatic variations over time, anthropogenic impact, likelihood, magnitude and consequences of climate change) public policy (in case human and natural systems are threatened), and include societal factors (adaptation and/or reduction of activities associated with greenhouse gas production, change in behavior and lifestyle). Potential crises are associated with these interdependent dimensions of climate change.
TISCO: Temporal Scoping of Facts

Some facts in the Web of Data are only valid within a certain time interval. However, most of the knowledge bases available on the Web of Data do not provide temporal information explicitly. Hence, the relationship between facts and time intervals is often lost. A few solutions are proposed in this field. Most of them are concentrated more in extracting facts with time intervals rather than trying to map facts with time intervals. This paper studies the problem of determining the temporal scopes of facts, that is, deciding the time intervals in which the fact is valid. We propose a generic approach which addresses this problem by curating temporal information of facts in the knowledge bases. Our proposed framework, Temporal Information Scoping (TISCO) exploits evidence collected from the Web of Data and the Web. The evidence is combined within a three-step approach which comprises matching, selection and merging. This is the first work employing matching methods that consider both a single fact or a group of facts at a time. We evaluate our approach against a corpus of facts as input and different parameter settings for the underlying algorithms. Our results suggest that we can detect temporal information for facts from DBpedia with an f-measure of up to 80%.
EFFECT OF PYRANTEL AND DIMETHOATE ADMINISTRATION ON RAT LIVER CYTOCHROME P450 SYSTEM

The cytochrome P450 system in rat liver after administration of dimethoate (5 d, 1/10 DL50), pyrantel embonate (3 d, 1/5 DL50) or both xenobiotics simultaneously was analysed. Both compounds were administered directly to the stomach by the tube and the components of cytochrome P450 system were analysed in the microsomal fraction of the liver up to 14 d after the last applied dose. Intoxication with pyrantel diminished the total content of cytochrome P450 in all analysed time intervals. On the other hand, intoxication with dimethoate resulted in increase in the cytochrome P450 content 2 d after the last applied dose. The changes in activities of NADPH: cyt.P450 and NADH: cyt.b5 reductases were small and statistically not significant. Both dimethoate and pyrantel affected the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 proteins. Both compounds had a slight negative effect on CYP2B1/2. In animals receiving dimethoate as well as both xenobiotics simultaneously a significant increase in the level of CYP1A2 protein was observed. However, stimulatory effect of dimethoate on the expression of CYP1A2 was abolished by simultaneous intoxication with pyrantel. The changes in CYP3A1 protein expression corresponded with those observed for the total amount of cytochrome P450.
Plant phenotype influences the effect of ant mutualists on a polymorphic mangrove

1. This study examines the effect of ant mutualists on two morphs of the mangrove Conocarpus erectus. ‘Silver’C. erectus plants have a dense layer of leaf hairs, or trichomes, while ‘green’ plants have very few trichomes. Ants are attracted to extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) produced on the foliage of both high‐ and low‐trichome morphs.
The Challenge of Genome Sequence Assembly

Although whole genome sequencing is enabling numerous advances in many fields achieving complete chromosome-level sequence assemblies for diverse species presents difficulties. The problems in part reflect the limitations of current sequencing technologies. Chromosome assembly from ‘short read’ sequence data is confounded by the presence of repetitive genome regions with numerous similar sequence tracts which cannot be accurately positioned in the assembled sequence. Longer sequence reads often have higher error rates and may still be too short to span the larger gaps between contigs. Given the emergence of exciting new applications using sequencing technology, such as the Earth BioGenome Project, it is necessary to further develop and apply a range of strategies to achieve robust chromosome-level sequence assembly. Reviewed here are a range of methods to enhance assembly which include the use of cross-species synteny to understand relationships between sequence contigs, the development of independent genetic and/or physical scaffold maps as frameworks for assembly (for example, radiation hybrid, optical motif and chromatin interaction maps) and the use of patterns of linkage disequilibrium to help position, orient and locate contigs. A range of methods exist which might be further developed to facilitate cost-effective large-scale sequence assembly for diverse species. A combination of strategies is required to best assemble sequence data into chromosome-level assemblies. There are a number of routes towards the development of maps which span chromosomes (including physical, genetic and linkage disequilibrium maps) and construction of these whole chromosome maps greatly facilitates the ordering and orientation of sequence contigs.
Formalizing Web Services

Current Web service choreography proposals, such as BPEL4WS, BPSS, WSFL, WSCDL or WSCI, provide notations for describing the message flows in Web service collaborations. However, such proposals remain at the descriptive level, without providing any kind of reasoning mechanisms or tool support for checking the compatibility of Web services based on the proposed notations. In this paper we present the formalization of one of these Web service choreography proposals (WSCI), and discuss the benefits that can be obtained by such formalization. In particular, we show how to check whether two or more Web services are compatible to interoperate or not, and, if not, whether the specification of adaptors that mediate between them can be automatically generated — hence enabling the communication of (a priori) incompatible Web services.
Solid-Phase Extraction for Photometric Determination of Rosmarinic Acid in Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) Extracts

Solid-Phase Extraction for Photometric Determination of Rosmarinic Acid in Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) Extracts The aim of this study was evaluation of the solid-phase extraction for elimination of interference compounds from lemon balm extracts aimed for photometric determination of rosmarinic acid. In experiments, evaluated conditions were as follows: composition and volume of mobile phase, ratio between volume of sample and mass of stationary phase and flow rate of mobile phase during separation. The results indicated that interfered compounds were eliminated. The lemon balm extracts should be pretreated by adsorption on normal stationary phase (silica gel) in ratio sample volume to silica gel weight 1:1 (v/w) elution by mobile phase - diethyl ether: acetic acid (9:1; v/v) - volume - 40 times of crude extract volume - with flow rate 5 ml/min. After selection of SPE conditions, the method was validated with comparison to HPLC analysis. The results suggest that this method may be useable for determination of rosmarinic acid by photometric measurement based on the complexation of Fe2+ ions with rosmarinic acid.
Nutritional status and food intake are related to malnutrition risk and length of stay in hospitalized patients

Tuba Yalçın*, Armağan Aytuğ Yürük*, İnci Türkoğlu1, Fatma Ilgaz, Aylin Açıkgöz, Ayşegül Aksan, Hülya Gökmen Özel, Emine Akal Yıldız, Gülhan Samur 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: gsamur@ hacettepe.edu. tr; 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus,Turkey
Domains based in carbon dictate here the possible arrangement of all chemistry for biology

Protein sequences are the primary sources of all related information buried inside a given protein. At the same time persistently conserved positions in structurally similar and sequence dissimilar proteins preserve protein fold and function2 adjusting both in order/disordered one.3 Evolution dominates the available buried information for function of protein.4 All available functional units are few residue lengths conserved of all dominant force.5 Changing these residues might be hydropathy focusing point of view that this conserved dominant force of attraction present is broken. All neutral residues are likely to be critically important for maintaining optimal functional variation of protein function of all time.6 Hydrophilic of these functionally important portions might be the critical sources of disease all time in. Hydrophobic interaction is seemingly important for protein to fold among themselves7 and in diseased proteins. The importance of slow motions for protein functional loops8 related to hydrophobic interaction is needed to be discussed at this hour. Functional unit coming from meta sources might be the critically diseased if it serve for meta protein of all time sources. According to meta sources of all time high visible interactive media focus of all alone sequence information, the emphasis is given for the diseased one. Enzyme for example is focused more in the sense that the chemistry of catalytic action being the focus point of all time. Given the situation hydropathy focusing point of view, a rational view point for catalytic site of all time focus is needed at this juncture. Sequence being the source of all time hydropathy focusing point of view, ration has to be devised for that point of view from active amino acid all along the sequence of interest. Good that there is no direct measure of hydropathy focusing point, but indirect one is devised for that. All along the measurement, focus is being given for end that is being focal point of view in the sense that views from the hydropathy point of view measured. Calibration is being focal point on that device of measure which is measured directly on mechanism of focus. Sequence for example, all focused on measurement of binding capability of individual amino acids that are focal point of view of the individual management system that are individually measured. Mutation for example focused more than that of direct measurement of all time focused individual alteration focused in amino acid of interest. Models are central focus of all time binding capabilities of individually carved one that is being focused on binding of individual amino acid of interest that is taken up here for study as central focal theme of interest of all time focused individually at amino acid level of interest of all time here.
A Unified Phonological Representation of South Asian Languages for Multilingual Text-to-Speech

We present a multilingual phoneme inventory and inclusion mappings from the native inventories of several major South Asian languages for multilingual parametric text-to-speech synthesis (TTS). Our goal is to reduce the need for training data when building new TTS voices by leveraging available data for similar languages within a common feature design. For West Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Tel-ugu, and Urdu we compare TTS voices trained only on monolingual data with voices trained on multilingual data from 12 languages. In subjective evaluations multilingually trained voices outperform (or in a few cases are statistically tied with) the corresponding monolingual voices. The multilingual setup can further be used to synthesize speech for languages not seen in the training data; preliminary evaluations lean towards good. Our results indicate that pooling data from different languages in a single acoustic model can be beneﬁcial, opening up new uses and research questions.
Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880

[1] We analyzed a new data set of 54 high-quality homogenized daily maximum temperature series from western Europe (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom) to define more accurately the change in extreme warm Daily Summer Maximum Temperature (DSMT). Results from the daily temperature homogeneity analysis suggest that many instrumental measurements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were warm-biased. Correcting for these biases, over the period 1880 to 2005 the length of summer heat waves over western Europe has doubled and the frequency of hot days has almost tripled. The DSMT Probability Density Function (PDF) shows significant changes in the mean (+1.6 ± 0.4°C) and variance (+6 ± 2%). These conclusions help further the evidence that western Europe's climate has become more extreme than previously thought and that the hypothesized increase in variance of future summer temperature has indeed been a reality over the last 126 years.