Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile Devices Control System at Kernel Level

With the prevalence of mobile devices, many organizations achieve the concept of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) through MDM for their visitors and employees’ convenience and security. However, device control of mobile devices at application level may be weak against the fundamental security problems. In this paper, we propose a more flexible and more secure method to control the hardware devices using LSM (Linux Security Module) with the mandatory access control at the embedded Linux kernel level. Index Term— Mobile Device Control, Mandatory Access Control, Linux Security Module, Kernel Level.
A Sequential Recommendation and Selection Model

We propose a sequential recommendation-selection model where a seller recommends sets of products to consumers over multiple stages. consumers are heterogeneous in the patience levels, characterized by a certain number of stages that a consumer is willing to go through when making a purchase. Consumers view the products stage by stage. If a consumer can find a satisfactory product before exhausting her patience, she will purchase the product and leave the system immediately. Otherwise, the consumer stays till the last stage within her patience level but ends up without purchasing. The seller’s objective is to maximize his expected overall revenue by optimizing the recommendation sequence or the products’ prices. We note that the seller can learn the consumers’ patience levels as well as their utilities through the recommendation process, and thus can adjust his future recommendations accordingly. However, a static sequential recommendation strategy would suffice. Therefore, we derive a set of results: 1) For the pure recommendation order problem, the optimal solution possesses a sequential revenue-ordered property, which can be efficiently discovered by dynamic programming. We also find that a crude heuristic – only offering one set of products at a single stage – will earn a tight 50% of the optimal revenue. 2) In the single-leg dynamic capacity control problem, the optimal recommendations admit an inclusion property. 3) The optimal pricing policy under a fixed recommendation order is unique, which can be efficiently found by a binary search. 4) However, the joint recommendation and pricing problem is NP-hard, while recommending all products only at a single stage and optimizing their prices accordingly will earn a tight 88% of the optimal revenue. Our results also characterize the reason that the assortment in stores is always same on different date1. ∗ningyuan.chen@utoronto.ca †ggallego@ust.hk ‡pgao@connect.ust.hk §A.Li26@lse.ac. uk 1A store provides one assortment on each date. Consumers make sequential decisions on consecutive dates, but consumers who first visit the store on different date may have different market sizes and different distributions of patience levels. The results are robust even when the market sizes and distributions of patience levels are unknown.
Managing Knowledge Incorporated into Solutions for Customisable Global Health Technologies

Computational models that need to incorporate domain knowledge for realistic solutions to problems often lead to technologies that get transferred to developing countries. The support for managing the knowledge incorporated into these technologies is important for customisation to suit local conditions. This work investigates this problem through the challenge of incorporating food and nutrition therapy guidelines (FNTG) into ICT-based solution models for the meal planning problem (MPP) for HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries. An experiment is undertaken to demonstrate the limitations of existing approaches and framework is investigated for manageable incorporation of knowledge into solution models. The paper contributes a clear understanding of, and directions for addressing, the problem of support for managing the knowledge incorporated into solutions models to support customisability of technologies. The significance of this contribution is that solutions will allow resulting technologies to be customised for use in different global contexts. Keywords—Appropriate Technologies, Knowledge Management, Meal Planning Problem, Genetic Algorithms, Knowledge Engineering, Food and Nutrition Therapy, HIV/AIDS, Global Health Technologies
A Study on Home Loan Services Offered By Commercial Banks with Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Housing Finance Sector in India can be classified as one of the sunshine sectors as it rides on a host of structural factors that are expected to continue fuelling growth in the sector for years to come.The demand of home loans is ever increasing and with several private and publicsector banks into the field, the competition to grab customers is on the cards and thus promises of better and faster services for customers becomes need of the hour.Since the competition is intense among banks for home loans, it is important for them to understand the customer’s expectation to serve them better and gain the market share. Hence, the research questions were centred around awareness and the satisfaction level of customers about the home loans offered by the banks and also about the problems faced by customers in availing home loans.
From comparative studies to interdisciplinary research on metacognition

The goal of this article is to critically examine the notion of metacognition, based on comparative, developmental and neuroscientific publications. A number of researchers define "metacognition" as “knowing what one knows. ” Others define it more broadly as a set of abilities allowing an individual to control and monitor his/her own cognitive activity" – where "cognitive activity" is taken to mean "activity with an informational goal. ” Developmental, neuroscientific and comparative studies, however, show that cognitive agents can pursue informational goals and reliably monitor them without representing their own mental states as mental states: they enjoy "procedural" metacognition. Various objections raised in the literature against this hypothesis are discussed, such as the kind of reinforcement at work in metacognition, and the role of metacognitive awareness in human and nonhuman decision-making. Finally, Peter Carruthers' first-order account of the comparative and developmental evidence of metacognition in terms of "basic questioning" is compared with the account in terms of procedural metacognition.
Fiscal multipliers in the euro area: the role of coordination

We quantitatively assess the effectiveness of cross-country coordinated temporary (twoyear) fiscal measures in the euro area by simulating a two-region currency union DSGE model. To capture the role of size and openness heterogeneity across regions, we calibrate one region to Germany and, alternatively, to Belgium (we calibrate the other region to the rest of the euro area). Our results are as follows. First, in each region the output multipliers associated with a coordinated public spending-based stimulus are equal to around one per cent (0.6 per cent) in the first (second) year, the multipliers associated with a coordinated tax-based stimulus to around 0.2-0.3 per cent per year. Second, coordination increases the effectiveness of fiscal measures only in sufficiently open countries, such as Belgium, as higher exports more than compensate for the negative effect on output induced by the higher monetary policy rate (driven by higher economic activity in the euro area). Third, the effectiveness of fiscal coordination is higher when monetary policy is accommodative, in particular in the case of public spending (the related multiplier is 1.4 on average over the
Correlation between Endoscopically Suspected Esophageal Metaplasia and Barrett's Esophagus: A Single Center Experience

Background : Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is defined as a suspect endoscopic finding followed by pathologically proven specific intestinal metaplasia as opposed to the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus. A new BE classification, the Prague C and M criteria, was proposed in 2006 to define the extent of BE based on the circumference (C) and maximum diameter (M) of the lesion. Original Research Article
Electronic Supplementary Information: Surface state tunable energy and mass renormalization from homothetic Quantum dot arrays

ARPES measurements. The Au(111) substrate was prepared by standard cycles of sputtering-annealing at 1 kV and 800 K. The molecules [dicyano sexyphenyl (Ph6) and dicyano terphenyl (Ph3)] were first thermally deposited onto the Au(111) crystal at room temperature from a quartz Knudsen cell and then the Co adatoms, followed by a mild annealing to 400 K. For the ARPES measurements, we evaporated the molecules and the Co adatoms in two orthogonal shallow deposition wedges using a fixed square mask while moving the sample laterally and vertically with a velocity controlled motor to obtain a region with exact 3:2 stoichiometry. Prior to forming this wedge we roughly determine the evaporation parameters for a full surface coverage of the MONN (checked using RT-STM). Afterwards, we apply the gradient method and use shallow deposition coverage wedges [1] in order to perform position dependent ARPES. Our ARPES 2D detector allows us to trace the electronic structure modification around the band bottom where we look for the sharpest 2DEG signal that in this case includes changes in the bottom energy, intensity modulations at the zone boundaries, and side replicas with respect to the pristine case. The ARPES measurements were performed with a lab-based experimental setup using a display-type hemispherical electron analyzer (SPECS Phoibos 150, energy/angle resolution of 40 meV/0.1◦) combined with a monochromatized Helium I source (hν=21.2 eV). Measurements were acquired with the sample at 150 K by moving the polar angle.
Molecular Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Resistance of M. Tuberculosis in Senegalese Patients by Seegene AnyplexII MTB/MDR/XDR

Original Research Article Background: Drug-resistant TB has become a public health problem. In 2017 WHO estimates that 3.6% of new TB cases and 17% of previously treated cases were multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB). However, 8.5% of people with MDR-TB had extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Object: To evaluate the primary and secondary resistance of M.tuberculosis in TB patients and the resistance mutations. Materials and methods: 137TB-specimens are examined by the Seegene AnyplexTMII MTB/MDR/XDR test. These patients are 45 new cases and 92 TB patients with treatment history. The Chi-square and Fisher tests allowed us to calculate p-values. When the p-value was less than 0.05 (significance), we estimated the odds ratio and their interval reliability at 95% to measure the risks of association. Results: The median age was 30 years. 95.6% of the strains were tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and 61.06% were MDR, of which 3.8% XDR. Mono-RIF were detected for 9.16% of patients, mono-INH in 4.58% and mono-FQ in 0.7% of strains. Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis harbored mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin, to isoniazid and fluoroquinolones: 70.2%, 63.3% 12.2% and 4.5% respectively at the rpoB, KatG, inhA and gyrA. We did not observe mutations in the rrs gene and its promoter region eis conferring resistance to injectable drugs (amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin). Mono-resistance (RIF, INH), multi-resistance (MDR, XDR) and resistances mutations rpoB, KatG, InhA were significantly higher in patients with treatment history than in new cases. Conclusion: Our study shows that MDR-TB is high in patients with treatment or in contact with MDR patients and that XDR-TB is rare in Senegal.
VEDOMOSTI ASTMATICKÝCH PACIENTOV O SELF-MANAŽMENTE ASTMY THE PATIENT KNOWLEDGE OF AN ASTHMA SELF-MANAGEMENT

Aim: This project is aimed to find out the patient knowledge with asthma in the area of self-management of this disease and particularly the influence of the length of the disease on the knowledge level about self-management. At the same time we tried to find out the relation between the knowledge level of the asthma self-management and control of asthma disease. Methods: The total number of 297 adult asthma patients were included in the cross sectional study. The valid instruments Asthma Control Test and Measuring asthma self management knowledge in adults were used for testing asthma control and the degree of patient knowledge in self management of asthma. The Chi-squared test and the Spearman ́s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical processing of data. Results: A total of 220 out of 279 respondents (74%) showed poor knowledge of selfmanagement of asthma, particularly in “Knowledge of asthma treatment” domain and 191 patients in “Management of bronchial asthma” domain (64%). Patients who had been diagnosed one year ago had better level of knowledge in selfmanagement of asthma than those who had been treated for asthma longer than six years (6-10 years). This difference was not significant, but it was related to those domains which has significant influence on asthma control (domains 2-5). Conclusion: Poor knowledge of asthma patients, higher frequency of errors in self management and worse control of asthma in patients with asthma longer than six years imply the need for better and repeated education, check of patient knowledge and skills for self-management, use of peak flow meter included in this group of patients.
A series of unfortunate events: characterizing the contingent nature of physiological extremes using long-term environmental records

Accelerating shifts in global climate have focused the attention of ecologists and physiologists on extreme environmental events. However, the dynamic process of physiological acclimatization complicates study of these events' consequences. Depending on the range of plasticity and the amplitude and speed of environmental variation, physiology can be either in tune with the surroundings or dangerously out of synch. We implement a modified quantitative approach to identifying extreme events in environmental records, proposing that organisms are stressed by deviations of the environment from the current level of acclimatization, rather than by the environment's absolute state. This approach facilitates an unambiguous null model for the consequences of environmental variation, identifying a unique subset of events as ‘extremes’. Specifically, it allows one to examine how both the temporal extent (the acclimatization window) and type of an environmental signal affect the magnitude and timing of extreme environmental events. For example, if physiology responds to the moving average of past conditions, a longer acclimatization window generally results in greater imposed stress. If instead physiology responds to historical maxima, longer acclimatization windows reduce imposed stress, albeit perhaps at greater constitutive cost. This approach should be further informed and tested with empirical experiments addressing the history-dependent nature of acclimatization.
Linking hunting weaponry to attack strategies in sailfish and striped marlin

Linking morphological differences in foraging adaptations to prey choice and feeding strategies has provided major evolutionary insights across taxa. Here, we combine behavioural and morphological approaches to explore and compare the role of the rostrum (bill) and micro-teeth in the feeding behaviour of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax) when attacking schooling sardine prey. Behavioural results from high-speed videos showed that sailfish and striped marlin both regularly made rostrum contact with prey but displayed distinct strategies. Marlin used high-speed dashes, breaking schools apart, often contacting prey incidentally or tapping at isolated prey with their rostra; while sailfish used their rostra more frequently and tended to use a slower, less disruptive approach with more horizontal rostral slashes on cohesive prey schools. Capture success per attack was similar between species, but striped marlin had higher capture rates per minute. The rostra of both species are covered with micro-teeth, and micro-CT imaging showed that species did not differ in average micro-tooth length, but sailfish had a higher density of micro-teeth on the dorsal and ventral sides of their rostra and a higher amount of micro-teeth regrowth, suggesting a greater amount of rostrum use is associated with more investment in micro-teeth. Our analysis shows that the rostra of billfish are used in distinct ways and we discuss our results in the broader context of relationships between morphological and behavioural feeding adaptations across species.
My niche: individual spatial niche specialization affects within- and between-species interactions

Intraspecific trait variation is an important determinant of fundamental ecological interactions. Many of these interactions are mediated by behaviour. Therefore, interindividual differences in behaviour should contribute to individual niche specialization. Comparable with variation in morphological traits, behavioural differentiation between individuals should limit similarity among competitors and thus act as a mechanism maintaining within-species variation in ecological niches and facilitating species coexistence. Here, we aimed to test whether interindividual differences in boldness covary with spatial interactions within and between two ecologically similar, co-occurring rodent species (Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius). In five subpopulations in northeast Germany, we quantified individual differences in boldness via repeated standardized tests and spatial interaction patterns via capture–mark–recapture (n = 126) and automated VHF telemetry (n = 36). We found that boldness varied with space use in both species. Individuals of the same population occupied different spatial niches, which resulted in non-random patterns of within- and between-species spatial interactions. Behavioural types mainly differed in the relative importance of intra- versus interspecific competition. Within-species variation along this competition gradient could contribute to maintaining individual niche specialization. Moreover, behavioural differentiation between individuals limits similarity among competitors, which might facilitate the coexistence of functionally equivalent species and, thus, affect community dynamics and local biodiversity.
A multivariate analysis of women's mating strategies and sexual selection on men's facial morphology

The strength and direction of sexual selection via female choice on masculine facial traits in men is a paradox in human mate choice research. While masculinity may communicate benefits to women and offspring directly (i.e. resources) or indirectly (i.e. health), masculine men may be costly as long-term partners owing to lower paternal investment. Mating strategy theory suggests women's preferences for masculine traits are strongest when the costs associated with masculinity are reduced. This study takes a multivariate approach to testing whether women's mate preferences are context-dependent. Women (n = 919) rated attractiveness when considering long-term and short-term relationships for male faces varying in beardedness (clean-shaven and full beards) and facial masculinity (30% and 60% feminized, unmanipulated, 30% and 60% masculinized). Participants then completed scales measuring pathogen, sexual and moral disgust, disgust towards ectoparasites, reproductive ambition, self-perceived mate value and the facial hair in partners and fathers. In contrast to past research, we found no associations between pathogen disgust, self-perceived mate value or reproductive ambition and facial masculinity preferences. However, we found a significant positive association between moral disgust and preferences for masculine faces and bearded faces. Preferences for beards were lower among women with higher ectoparasite disgust, providing evidence for ectoparasite avoidance hypothesis. However, women reporting higher pathogen disgust gave higher attractiveness ratings for bearded faces than women reporting lower pathogen disgust, providing support for parasite-stress theories of sexual selection and mate choice. Preferences for beards were also highest among single and married women with the strongest reproductive ambition. Overall, our results reflect mixed associations between individual differences in mating strategies and women's mate preferences for masculine facial traits.
Increased summer food supply decreases non-breeding movement in black-legged kittiwakes

Individual condition at one stage of the annual cycle is expected to influence behaviour during subsequent stages, yet experimental evidence of food-mediated carry-over effects is scarce. We used a food supplementation experiment to test the effects of food supply during the breeding season on migration phenology and non-breeding behaviour. We provided an unlimited supply of fish to black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) during their breeding season on Middleton Island, Alaska, monitored reproductive phenology and breeding success, and used light-level geolocation to observe non-breeding behaviour. Among successful breeders, fed kittiwakes departed the colony earlier than unfed controls. Fed kittiwakes travelled less than controls during the breeding season, contracting their non-breeding range. Our results demonstrate that food supply during the breeding season affects non-breeding phenology, movement and distribution, providing a potential behavioural mechanism underlying observed survival costs of reproduction.
Revision of the Amerila syntomina Species Complex with Description of a New Species from West Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Abstract. The Amerila syntomina complex, comprising four similar species from the African tropics, is circumscribed and reviewed on the basis of external features, characters of the genitalia and strong molecular evidence. Amerila alexandrae sp. nov. is described from West Africa, along with the hitherto unknown female of A. syntomina and previously unstudied features of female genitalia of A. thermochroa. Amerila rubondoi stat. nov. is found to be distinct from A. syntomina and upgraded to specific level. The study provides a first molecular analysis of moths of the genus Amerila, with comparisons of 90 mtCOI sequences that allowed to discriminate 20 described species of Amerila, including those representing the core subject of this work, namely A. alexandrae, A. rubondoi, A. syntomina, and A. thermochroa. The intra- and interspecific variation of these closely related species is analysed from morphological and genetic viewpoints.