Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oats and Rye: Production and Usage in Nordic and Baltic Countries

Nutritionists worldwide recommend an increased consumption of whole grain products and dietary fiber. Rye and oats are excellent raw materials for healthy and tasty foods and both cereal types are rich in dietary fiber. The Nordic Innovation Centre (NICe ) is the Nordic Council of Ministers’ instrument for promoting an innovative, competitive, and knowledgeintensive Nordic business sector. In 2006, NICe founded a three-year project entitled “Wholegrain, rye, and oat—Nordic opportunity,” short name “Granity,” to promote the use of rye and oats in Nordic and Baltic countries. Granity is a collaborative project between scientists and cereal industries in Finland, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. One of the aims was to collect information about the production and use of rye and oats. The collected information is presented in this paper. In 2006, the European Union (EU) used 7 million tons of rye and 8.4 million tons of oats; of which, 41.9% of rye and 16.7% of oats were used for food. In comparison, the EU used 115.9 million tons of wheat; of which, 39.6% was for food. Of the Nordic and Baltic countries, Estonia has the highest rye consumption (29 kg per person) and Norway the lowest with 7.2 kg per person. All Nordic and Baltic countries are above the EU’s average of 6.1 kg per person. To increase the usage of rye, new products are developed, such as rye bread mixes, pasta products, mixtures of rice and steel-cut rye served as a side dish, rye as an ingredient in casseroles and salads, and rye hamburger buns. The EU oat consumption average is approximately two times lower than for rye. Belarus has the highest oat consumption in the world with 9.0 kg per person, followed by Latvia (7.0 kg per person), Denmark (5.0 kg per person), and Finland (4.0 kg per person). For oats, new usages include as a constituent in granola bars, waffle and pancake mixes, and oat-based beverages; a thickening agent in soups and sauces; and a meat extender and fat replacer.
A numerical postprocessing procedure for analyzing radio frequency MRI coils

The design and construction of radio frequency (RF) coils for application- specific magnetic resonance imaging purposes are generally extensive, iterative engineer- ing endeavors that involve multiple electromagnetic simulations followed by tuning and matching on the bench. Computational models of RF coil structures typically take into account the conductor topology; however, they do not address the deployment of lumped circuit elements for tuning, matching, and decoupling. As a result, the design engineer must frequently resort to exhaustive trial-and-error attempts to ensure that the coil, or coil array, is functional at the target resonance frequency. Because coil losses are often not easily predictable in simulations, the final result can be an inferior prototype construction. In this article, a general numerical procedure is outlined that enables the effective simulation and performance comparison of RF coils. The procedure relies on an integrated modeling approach, which combines full-wave electromagnetic simulations with a scattering parameter network representation of all relevant tuning, matching, and decoupling ele- ments. With this combined distributed-lumped simulation approach, detailed comparative studies can be conducted on the basis of a figure of merit parameter that is proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, major loss mechanisms affecting coil performance
Cellular Mechanisms of Embryonic Tissue Organization

During early embryonic development, cell and tissue movements must be carefully orchestrated to prevent developmental anomalies. Here, I characterize cellular dynamics during axis elongation, a conserved developmental process in which the head-to-tail (anterior-posterior) axis of an animal extends. In Drosophila, early stages of axis elongation are driven by cell intercalation in the ectoderm, in which cells exchange neighbours through the formation of transient multicellular vertices. Vertices are resolved by the systematic assembly of new cell interfaces parallel to the head-to-tail axis of the embryo. I show that new junctions elongate in pulses anti-correlated with the periodic contractions of the cells anterior and posterior to the new contact. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility disrupts both the rate and directionality of new junction assembly. Disrupting contractility in the cells anterior and posterior to the new edge disrupts vertex resolution and slows down new edge elongation, while preventing contraction of the dorsal and ventral cells mainly affects the maintenance and lengthening of the new cell interface. Hypercontraction of the cells anterior and posterior to the new edge accelerates the rate of new edge assembly. Finally, applying ectopic tension orthogonal to the characteristic orientation of vertex resolution is sufficient to
Multicomponent assembly of luminescent hybrid materials of ZnO-lanthanide polymer complex functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous host by chemical bonds

In this paper, methacrylic-group-modified ZnO nanoparticles (designated ZnO-MAA) are prepared through the sol–gel reaction between zinc methacrylate and LiOH, which is then functionalized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to form the ZnO-MAA-PHEMA hybrid system after addition polymerization reaction. Then ZnO-MAA-PHEMA unit is modified with 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (TEPIC) through the addition reaction and subsequently to achieve the functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous hybrids (ZnO-MAA-PHEMA-SBA-15) by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and modified polymer ligand (HEMASi) in the presence of Pluronic P123 surfactant as template. Finally, lanthanide (Eu3+, Tb3+, Nd3+) complex systems with β-diketonates (2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (TTA), 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate (DBM), 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate (BTA) and nicotinate (NTA)) are introduced to obtain multicomponent organic–inorganic hybrid materials through the coordination bonds between the lanthanide ion and the carbonyl group of ZnO-MAA-PHEMA-SBA-15. The detailed physical characterization and especially the photoluminescence of these hybrid materials are studied in detail. The results provide a strategy to assemble luminescent lanthanide hybrids with multicomponent units such as semiconductors, polymers and mesoporous silica and lanthanide complexes.
On the exact formulation of multi-configuration density-functional theory: electron density versus orbitals occupation

The exact formulation of multi-configuration density-functional theory is discussed in this work. As an alternative to range-separated methods, where electron correlation effects are split in the coordinate space, the combination of configuration interaction methods with orbital occupation functionals is explored at the formal level through the separation of correlation effects in the orbital space. When applied to model Hamiltonians, this approach leads to an exact site-occupation embedding theory (SOET). An adiabatic connection expression is derived for the complementary bath functional and a comparison with density matrix embedding theory is made. Illustrative results are given for the simple two-site Hubbard model. SOET is then applied to a quantum chemical Hamiltonian, thus leading to an exact complete active space site-occupation functional theory (CASSOFT) where active electrons are correlated explicitly within the CAS and the remaining contributions to the correlation energy are described with an orbital occupation functional. The computational implementation of SOET and CASSOFT as well as the development of approximate functionals are left for future work.
Establishing the Guidelines for Using Refurbished Hardware in Creating New Data Centers to Lower the Amount of E-Waste

This paper presents a study on the guidelines for using refurbished hardware in creating new data centers to lower the amount of electronic waste (e-waste). The research examines the potential of refurbished hardware to provide a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to new hardware in data center construction. The study also evaluates the technical capabilities of refurbished hardware and how these factors can affect the performance and security of data centers. Additionally, the paper examines the various refurbishment standaorganizationsrds and certifications available and their suitability for data center use. The study also explores the implications of regulatory compliance and industry standards on the use of refurbished hardware. One of the main goals is to define guidelines on what hardware is viable as reusable in data center environments, especially given that most modern software infrastructure is designed with hardware failures in mind and supports hot-swapping parts of the hardware layer. The findings of this paper intend to create a guide for organisations looking to lower their environmental impact and reduce costs while building new data centers.
Effects of the Addition of Humic Substances on Soil Protease Activities in Andosols in the Presence of Cadmium

Cadmium extraction, sorption, and immobilization seem to be the effective mechanisms in detoxification of Cd-contaminated soil. Humic substances present in soils may play an important role both in controlling the negative effects of pollution with Cd and in stabilizing soil enzymes. In this context, we have compared the effects of humic substances on soil protease activities in the presence and absence of Cd in forest and cultivated field soil samples. The samples were taken from surface soils of Andosols in a single upland area of the Kanto district in Japan. Humic substances extracted from the two soils showed differences in elemental composition, the degree of condensation of aromatic groups, and the proportions of major functional groups. Compared with the control soil samples, those with added humic substances showed a significant increase in protease activities, even in the presence of Cd (10 and 50 mg Cd kg−1 soil). However, the addition of Cd decreased the protease activities, protein contents, and soil pH in both soil samples at each of the two levels of humic substance fortification (+5% and +10%). Moreover, protease activities showed significant negative correlation with exchangeable Cd, but adding humic substances did not lead to a reduction in either sample. Thus, although the addition of humic substances increased and stabilized protease activities, it did not lead to a clear reversal of enzyme inhibition by Cd. The obtained results indicate that in both soil samples the humic substances used in this study did not have sufficient affinity to adsorb Cd, and the impact on enzyme activities depends on the difference in chemical characteristics of the added organic matter, as suggested by the difference in enhancement of protease activities between forest and cultivated field soil samples.
Training Design Facilitation Framework for Adult Education: An Application of Andragogy

This qualitative research generally aimed to develop a training design facilitation framework suitable for adult education. Thus, the study used ‘between-method triangulation’ in gathering data. With this, qualitative corpus analysis (document reviews), participant observation (field observations), and phenomenology (focus group and key informant interviews) were utilized in obtaining the best practices employed when designing learning programs and facilitating adult education. Through sorting, categorization, and thematization, the study addressed three major themes namely, “Employed Andragogical Training Design Procedures: Designing Learning Programs;” “Demonstrated Andragogical Facilitation Practices and Approaches: Implementing Learning Programs;” and, “Devised Andragogical Training Design Facilitation Framework: Operationalization. ” The result of the study posits that the success of learning lies on the extent of involvement of adult learners in the overall learning process. With this finding, the study arrived at an adult learner-centered framework hereto referred as 4Ds (Diagnose, Design, Deliver, and Deduce). This capitalizes on various processes guiding adult educators in training design making and facilitating adult learning. Specifically, the framework advocates a ‘learner-diagnosed needs’ or objectives through the Learning Needs Assessment and Analysis (LNA2) process, a ‘learner-designed instruction’ through the Session Plan Design (SPD) process, an ‘andragogy-based delivery or facilitation’ through the WP2R2 approach, and a ‘learner-deduced evaluation of materials and outcomes’ through the Post-Learning Evaluation (PLE) process.
Politicization of enlargement: The future of the Balkans in Europe

Ulrich Beck’s work, focusing on Europeanisation, presents one of the most usable – revolutionary – descriptions of the globalised world: he also shares the opinion that ‘understanding’ reality is, in and of itself, a revolutionary act. Reflexive modernity prompts us to reconsider the relation of the West-Balkan and Europeanisation. On the periphery of the EU, the West-Balkan states will only be able to regain their potential if the mostly economic integration also becomes a social one. All these efforts point us toward the renewal of democracy. Beck’s works contain fine arguments for the foundation of self-governance: for the mutual acceptance of a bottom-up and democratic procedural order. In Europe, diversity brings about not only a multitude of problems but also opportunities for their solution. The social success of Europeanisation partly depends on the revision of elements of ‘democracy’, as majority-principled decision making may lead to the automatic exclusion of minority communities. This cannot be envisioned without reinterpreting the role of communities on Europe’s periphery, including the relation between a nation state and its neighbours, and between a nation state and the EU as well.
Time-Resolved Measurements of the Evaporation of Volatile Components from Single Aerosol Droplets

A strategy for examining the dynamic hygroscopic response of single aerosol particles is reported, allowing a direct investigation of the interplay of thermodynamic and kinetic factors regulating the time dependence of particle size. In particular, we investigate the rapid evaporation of water from water–glycerol droplets, measuring the evolving size with a time resolution of <10 ms (with as low as 2.5 ms being possible) over a time range from subsecond to many hours. Measurements can be made on sequential droplets generated from a droplet-on-demand generator, and a reproducibility of better than ±0.25 μm in droplet size over tens of events can be achieved at any resolved time point considered during an evaporation process lasting >2 s. The time-dependent measurements of evolving droplet size are compared with an analytical treatment of the evaporation process. Excellent agreement between measurements and simulations is found over a wide range of starting droplet compositions. The benefits of using this approach for investigating water transport within the bulk of an aerosol particle or to/from the droplet surface are discussed. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Teenagers’ Gaming Practices and Their Performance in STEM Courses

Millions of teenagers worldwide choose digital games as their primary entertainment. Except amusement, gaming environments enhance the capacity of learning, as it has been proved by many studies. Gaming is the only activity that shows a constant positive coefficient between PISA test scores and intensity of use. This paper evaluates gaming habits in teenagers and analyzes the connection between students’ performance in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) courses and playing digital games. For the purpose of this paper, we surveyed 6th, 7th and 8th grade Croatian primary school students and evaluated their gaming culture. We analyzed their play time, genre of games they play, complexity of games and used platforms. The aim was also to gather data regarding their self-perceived gamer identity, i.e. do they feel like gamers, do they play alone or with others and their general attitude towards games. We compared the data gathered with students’ grades in STEM related courses and analyzed the relationship of each variable separately to identify those who have the impact on their performance. Our results confirm that there is a partial positive relationship between increased gamer identity and success in STEM related courses.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF OXYGEN DEFICIENT BaTiO3

ABSTRACT The electronic structure of oxygen deficient BaTiO3 has been investigated by the first principles calculation. The oxygen vacancy doping in the form of isolated single vacancies does not create the localized state (i.e. trap level) in the band gap, as reported in many experimental studies. Electrons associated with the oxygen vacancy are occupied in the defect level with mainly Ti 3d e g character in significant hybridization with O 2p state, which leads to the lowering of the defect energy level to the minimum edge of the conduction band. The resulting occupied energy band has a little dispersion indicating that BaTiO3 becomes electrically conducting with low electron mobility. It is suggested that oxygen vacancy clustering may lead to further lowering of the defect level into the band gap.
Recent Advances in Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Explosives Vapor Detection

The detection of explosives with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) using reactant ion (background) subtraction techniques and chloride ion/molecule reaction chemistry is discussed. Data are presented for dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrotoluene (TNT), RDX (cyclonite), Composition B, and dynamite. Using a membrane inlet system, a man-portable IMS detector system is described which can be used as a point sampler with these techniques.
Effect of the hydrophobicity and thickness of polymer gate dielectrics on the hysteresis behavior of pentacene-based field-effect transistors

We demonstrate the origin and mechanism of the hysteresis behavior that is frequently observed during the operation of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on polymer gate dielectrics. Although polar functionalities, such as hydroxyl groups, present in the polymer gate dielectrics are known to induce hysteresis, there have only been a few detailed investigations examining how the presence of such end functionalities both at the polymer surface—forming an interface with the semiconductor layer—and in the bulk influences the hysteresis. In this study, we control the hydrophobicity of the polymer by varying the number of hydroxyl groups, and use an ultrathin polymer/SiO2 bilayer and a thick single polymer as the gate dielectric structure so that the hysteresis behavior is divided into contributions from hydroxyl groups present at the polymer surface and in the bulk, respectively. Electrical characterizations of the OFETs, performed both in vacuum (≈10−3 Torr) and in ambient air (relative humidity o.
Molecular Dynamics Study of the Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract Since nematic liquid crystals have found a wide use for solving a number of practical problems, the theoretical prediction of thermodynamic and transport properties of liquid crystal systems, as well as an explanation of the structure and dynamic characteristics on the basis of reasonable molecular models have become a point of great importance. The modern molecular- statistical theories, e.g. Maier-Saupe theory and its modifications, use rough approximations (mean field approximations for example) and therefore may lead to wrong conclusions.
Prediction of Cesium-134 and Strontium-85 Crop Uptake Based on Soil Properties

Nowadays, there is still the need to improve the quantification of parameters that affect radionuclide mobility. With this aim, radiocesium and radiostrontium soil-to-plant transfer was measured in lysimeters in a Calcic Luvisol, loamy soil and in a Fluvisol, loam-sandy soil, using lettuce [Lactuca sativa L. cv. Kinemontepas] and pea plants [Pisum sativum L. cv. Kelvedon Wonder]. Weighted Concentration Ratios (WCR), expressed as kg soil/kg plant, were calculated for different growth stages. Weighted Concentration Ratios were in general higher for 85 Sr than for 134 Cs, and also higher in the loam-sandy than in the loamy soil. To predict plant uptake, we evaluated a set of soil properties to define a prediction factor for the relative transfer in the two soils using cation exchange capacity (CEC) and radionuclide available fraction (f av )for radiostrontium, and soil solution composition, solid-liquid distribution coefficient, and radionuclide available fraction for radiocesium. The ratios of WCR in the loam-sandy and loamy soil were compared with the prediction factor. There was good agreement in lettuce for 85 Sr (ratio of WCR was 5.4 for seedling and 3.9 for commercial samples, whereas prediction factor was 3.1) and for 134 Cs (ratio of WCR was 5.1 for seedling and 5.5 for commercial samples, the prediction factor being 5.1), although for pea only the relative root uptake of radiocesium in seedling pea was well predicted (the ratio of WCR was 8.8, the prediction factor being 9.1). These soil parameters improved former predictions based solely on the f av , although factors depending on plant physiology should be better evaluated.
Effects of Extracellular Electron Shuttles on Microbial Iron Reduction and Heavy Metals Release from Contaminated Soils

To test the potential effects of extracellular electron shuttles (EES) on the rate and extent of heavy metal release from contaminated soils during microbial iron reduction, we created anaerobic batch systems with anthraquinone-2,6disulfonate (AQDS) as a surrogate of EES, and with contaminated soils as mixed iron (hydr)oxides and microbial sources. Two types of soils were tested: Zn-contaminated soil A and As/Pb-contaminated soil B. In soil A, the rate of iron reduction was fastest in the presence of AQDS and > 3500 mg/L of total Fe(II) was produced within 2 d. This suggests that indigenous microorganisms can utilize AQDS as EES to stimulate iron reduction. In the incubations with soil B, the rate and extent of iron reduction did not increase in the presence of AQDS likely because of the low pH (< 5.5). In addition, less than 2000 mg/L of total Fe(II) was produced in soil B within 52 d suggesting that iron reduction by subsurface microorganisms in soil B was not as effective as that in soil A. Relatively high amount of As (~500 mg/L) was released to the aqueous phase during microbial iron reduction in soil B. The release of As might be due to the reduction of As-associated iron (hydr)oxides and/or direct enzymatic reduction of As(V) to As(III) by As-reducing microorganisms. However, given that Pb in liquid phase was < 0.3 mg/L for the entire experiment, the microbial reduction As(V) to As(III) by As-reducing microorganisms has most likely occurred in this system. This study suggests that heavy metal release from contaminated soils can be strongly controlled by subsurface microorganisms, soil pH, presence of EES, and/or nature of heavy metals.