Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defining spatial priorities for capercaillie Tetrao urogallus lekking landscape conservation in south-central Finland

Effective wildlife management requires knowledge about the areas th at are most important within the distribution range or specific management unit of the focal species. Using the spatial conservation planning tool, Zonation, and spatial data on Finnish forests, we present a fast and relatively simple way to objectively prioritise large areas for our focal species, the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus. We constructed the capercaillie lekking landscape prioritisation using published knowledge on the species' habitat and connectivity requirements, and validated the results via comparison to capercaillie lekking-site data. The results show that connectivity considerations both at the home range and the population scale are essential in prioritisation of areas suitable for capercaillie lekking sites. In addition, inclusion of negative connectivity to agri-urban areas further enhances the congruence between the known lekking sites and the areas of high priority (48.7% of known leks falling into the best 20% priority category). We conclude that our approach can be used in several stages of spatial wildlife conservation planning: as a preliminary analysis to find areas subjected to more detailed inventories and modelling, in combination with other analytical tools, or as the main instrument enabling informative use of readily available data in operational large-scale land-use planning. The advantages of our approach include: 1) the ability to execute relatively simple and objective analyses covering wide spatial extents at a high resolution, 2) the possibility to incorporate several ecologically realistic species-specific connectivity components into the analyses, and 3) the potential to help managers target wildlife surveys or conservation and management operations.
A Mobile Technology for Collecting Patient-Reported Physical Activity and Distress Outcomes: Cross-Sectional Cohort Study

Background Electronic patient-reported outcome (PROs) provides a fast and reliable assessment of a patient’s health-related quality of life. Nevertheless, using PRO in the traditional paper format is not practical for clinical practice due to the limitations associated with data analysis and management. A questionnaire app was developed to address the need for a practical way to group and use distress and physical activity assessment tools. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the level of agreement between electronic (mobile) and paper-and-pencil questionnaire responses. Methods We validated the app version of the distress thermometer (DT), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9). A total of 102 participants answered the paper and app versions of the DT and IPAQ, and 96 people completed the PHQ-9. The study outcomes were the correlation of the data between the paper-and-pencil and app versions. Results A total of 106 consecutive breast cancer patients were enrolled and analyzed for validation of paper and electronic (app) versions. The Spearman correlation values of paper and app surveys for patients who responded to the DT questionnaire within 7 days, within 3 days, and on the same day were . 415 (P<.001), . 437 (P<.001), and . 603 (P<.001), respectively. Similarly, the paper and app survey correlation values of the IPAQ total physical activity metabolic equivalent of task (MET; Q2-6) were . 291 (P=.003), . 324 (P=.005), and . 427 (P=.01), respectively. The correlation of the sum of the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (Q1-9) according to the time interval between the paper-based questionnaire and the app-based questionnaire was . 469 for 14 days (P<.001), . 574 for 7 days (P<.001), . 593 for 3 days (P<.001), and . 512 for the same day (P=.03). These were all statistically significant. Similarly, the correlation of the PHQ (Q10) value according to the time interval between the paper-based questionnaire and the app-based questionnaire was . 283 for 14 days (P=.005), . 409 for 7 days (P=.001), . 415 for 3 days (P=.009), and . 736 for the same day (P=.001). These were all statistically significant. In the overall trend, the shorter the interval between the paper-and-pencil questionnaire and the app-based questionnaire, the higher the correlation value. Conclusions The app version of the distress and physical activity questionnaires has shown validity and a high level of association with the paper-based DT, IPAQ (Q2-6), and PHQ-9. The app-based questionnaires were not inferior to their respective paper versions and confirm the feasibility for their use in clinical practice. The high correlation between paper and mobile app data allows the use of new mobile apps to benefit the overall health care system. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03072966; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03072966
An isoleucine residue acts as a thermal and regulatory switch in wheat Rubisco activase.

The regulation of Rubisco, the gatekeeper of carbon fixation into the biosphere, by its molecular chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca) is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. Using energy from ATP hydrolysis, Rca promotes the release of inhibitors and restores catalytic competence to Rubisco-active sites. Rca is sensitive to moderate heat stress, however, and becomes progressively inhibited as the temperature increases above the optimum for photosynthesis. Here, we identify a single amino acid substitution (M159I) that fundamentally alters the thermal and regulatory properties of Rca in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Using site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the M159I substitution extends the temperature optimum of the most abundant Rca isoform by 5°C in vitro, while maintaining the efficiency of Rubisco activation by Rca. The results suggest that this single amino acid substitution acts as a thermal and regulatory switch in wheat Rca that can be exploited to improve the climate resilience and efficiency of carbon assimilation of this cereal crop as temperatures become warmer and more volatile.
Factors Affecting Sampling Strategies for Design of an Effects‐Directed Analysis for Endocrine‐Active Chemicals

Effects‐directed analysis (EDA) is an important tool for identifying unknown bioactive components in a complex mixture. Such an analysis of endocrine‐active chemicals (EACs) from water sources has promising regulatory implications but also unique logistical challenges. We propose a conceptual EDA (framework) based on a critical review of EDA literature and concentrations of common EACs in waste and surface waters. Required water volumes for identification of EACs under this EDA framework were estimated based on bioassay performance (in vitro and in vivo bioassays), limits of quantification by mass spectrometry (MS), and EAC water concentrations. Sample volumes for EDA across the EACs showed high variation in the bioassay detectors, with genistein, bisphenol A, and androstenedione requiring very high sample volumes and ethinylestradiol and 17β‐trenbolone requiring low sample volumes. Sample volume based on the MS detector was far less variable across the EACs. The EDA framework equation was rearranged to calculate detector “thresholds,” and these thresholds were compared with the literature EAC water concentrations to evaluate the feasibility of the EDA framework. In the majority of instances, feasibility of the EDA was limited by the bioassay, not MS detection. Mixed model analysis showed that the volumes required for a successful EDA were affected by the potentially responsible EAC, detection methods, and the water source type, with detection method having the greatest effect on the EDA of estrogens and androgens. The EDA framework, equation, and model we present provide a valuable tool for designing a successful EDA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1309–1324. © 2020 SETAC
Food-niche overlap between arctic and red foxes

Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Fennoscandia have retreated to higher altitudes on the mountain tundra, possibly because of increased competition with red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) at lower altitudes. In this study we compare summer food niches of the two species in mountain tundra habitat. Arctic foxes consumed lemmings more often than red foxes did, while red foxes consumed field voles and birds more often. Yet despite substantial variation in the diet of each species among summers, food-niche overlaps between the species were consistently high in most summers, as arctic and red foxes responded similarly to temporal changes in prey availability. Occurrences of field voles and birds in fox scats were negatively correlated with altitude, while the occurrences of lemmings tended to increase with alti - tude. Since arctic foxes bred at higher altitudes than red foxes, the differences between arctic and red fox diets were better explained by altitudinal segregation than by differences between their fundamental food niches. Arctic foxes should therefore endeavour to use the more productive hunting grounds at the lower altitudes of their former range, but interference competition with red foxes might decrease their access to these areas, and consequently cause a decrease in the size of in their realised niche. Resume : En Fennoscandie, les renards arctiques (Alopex lagopus) se sont refugies a des altitudes plus elevees dans la toundra de montagne, probablement a cause de la competition plus grande des renards roux (Vulpes vulpes) aux altitu- des plus faibles. Nous comparons ici les niches alimentaires des deux especes en ete dans la toundra montagneuse. Les renards arctiques consomment plus de lemmings que les renards roux, alors que les renards roux capturent plus de campagnols des champs et d'oiseaux. Pourtant, en depit de la variation importante dans le regime alimentaire des deux especes d'un ete a l'autre, les niches alimentaires des deux especes se chevauchent considerablement la plupart des etes, alors que les animaux des deux especes ont des reactions semblables aux variations temporelles dans la disponibi- lite des proies. La presence de campagnols des champs ou d'oiseaux dans les feces des renards est en correlation nega- tive avec l'altitude, alors que la presence des lemmings a tendance a augmenter avec l'altitude. Etant donne que les renards arctiques se reproduisent a des altitudes plus elevees que les renards roux, les differences entre les regimes ali- mentaires des deux especes s'expliquent plutot par la segregation spatiale que par des differences dans les niches ali- mentaires fondamentales. Les renards arctiques auraient donc interet a chercher a utiliser les zones productives de chasse aux altitudes plus basses qu'ils occupaient auparavant, mais la competition d'interference avec les renards roux pourrait limiter leur acces a ces zones, et consequemment, causer une diminution de leur niche realisee. (Traduit par la Redaction) 1285
Novel emerging therapies in atherosclerosis targeting lipid metabolism

ABSTRACT Introduction Recent years have brought significant developments in lipid and atherosclerosis research. Although statins are a cornerstone in hyperlipidemia management, new non-statin therapies have had an impact. The reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) further translates into the lowering of cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, lipid research has progressed beyond LDL-C reduction and this has brought triglyceride (TG) and other apoprotein-B containing lipids into focus. Areas covered Inclisiran and pemafibrate, with expected approval soon, come under the spotlight. We discuss other therapeutics such as lomitapide, mipomersen, volanesorsen, and evinacumab and newly approved non-statin-based therapies such as ezetimibe, icosapent ethyl (IPE), and bempedoic acid. Expert Opinion New options now exist for the prevention of atherosclerosis in patients that are not optimized on statin therapy. Multiple guidelines endorse ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic, and IPE as add-on therapy. Recently approved bempedoic acid/ezetimibe combination might gain popularity among clinicians. Inclisiran and pemafibrate show promise in the reduction of LDL-C and TG, respectively, and results are pending in cardiovascular outcome trials. Combination strategies could improve outcomes, but the challenge will be balancing cost and selecting the correct patient population for each treatment modality to maximize benefit with the fewest medications.
Suicide in the Time of COVID‐19: A Perfect Storm

Statement of purposeSuicide is a leading cause of death in the United States and Kentucky Precipitating suicide circumstances in Kentucky between 2005 and 2017 most often included depressed mood;mental health, intimate partner, and physical health problems;and substance misuse These known risk factors will likely intensify as the risk of spreading the virus continues, indefinitely Methods/ApproachFinkel’s I-cubed (I3) model, not previously applied to suicide, is a novel and validated meta-theoretical framework that can model multiple and interacting risk and protective factors This theory allows for the incorporation of the pandemic dimension, in order to understand suicidal behaviors and guide future research in this new way [encompassing intrapersonal (eg, comorbid physical and psychiatric illnesses), interpersonal (eg, relationship), and extrapersonal (eg, community, cultural, geographical) determinants] ResultsPreliminary data show that suicides in Kentucky during March were about 50% lower than the average of the previous four years Overall, suicides have continued to be lower through August The lower rate does not imply that the pandemic will not impact state and national suicide rates Historically, suicide rates decrease during the early phase—or ‘honeymoon’ period—of a crisis and during periods of high community cohesion Following the honeymoon period, however, rates will likely increase According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the next phase in a disaster is disillusionment, as people realize the limits of assistance As the crisis becomes chronic, increasing gaps between those that return to business as usual and those that have continued needs lead to feelings of abandonment This phase can last months and even years SignificanceAs we acclimate to a new way of life, we must be proactive and innovative in understanding the effects of the pandemic and then developing targeted pandemic suicide prevention efforts and messages aimed at our most vulnerable populations
A new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae: Nadzikambia) from Mount Mabu, central Mozambique

Abstract Nadzikambia is a monotypic genus described to accommodate the Mulanje chameleon, N. mlanjensis. During herpetological surveys of isolated mountains in Mozambique a population of chameleons was discovered on Mount Mabu. It is referable to the genus Nadzikambia, but features of scalation, colouration and genetic divergence distinguish this population from N. mlanjensis. It is described as a new species, Nadzikambia baylissi, and represents the second species in the genus and the first record of the genus in Mozambique. Notes on reproduction in N. mlanjensis are appended. The discovery of the new species in a mid-altitude evergreen forest remnant on Mount Mabu emphasises the high conservation importance of the region, previously signalled by the discovery of a new species of forest viper (Atheris mabuensis), and a number of undescribed butterflies and freshwater crab species in the region.
[Előítéletek és hatásaik az egészségügyi ellátásban. Egy felmérés tanulságai].

Introduction: The presence and recognition of prejudice during care were examined among healthcare professionals towards the Roma population, the largest ethnic minority in Hungary. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which prejudice in the Hungarian healthcare system might affect the quality of care and, thereby, the health of the Roma patients. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018 with 13 interviewees. Qualitative methods were applied to analyse the transcripts. Results: Our respondents generally confirmed the presence of prejudices in the healthcare system. Prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour are less common in wards where the prevalence of disadvantaged patients (HIV-positive, homeless) is high (e.g., infectology). Prejudice is not specifically directed at the Roma ethnic minority, but also extends to populations living under poor socio-economic conditions, or with underlying self-destructive behaviour (alcoholism, drug use). In the opinion of our interviewees, occasional prejudicial behaviour does not lead to sub-standard care, but, on the contrary, to positive discrimination. Prejudice does not directly lead to poorer health, but it cannot be ruled out that it may indirectly contribute to it, in the case if the patient does not seek medical attention due to a former negative experience within healthcare. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the occasional presence of prejudice against the Romas in the healthcare system, however, this may not directly contribute to Romas' poorer health status. Our results also highlighted the importance of prevention, including the education of both parties and the prevention of the burnout of care providers. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(19): 789-796.
Effectiveness of self-instructional module on awareness on screening regarding breast cancer with Intelligent Breast Examination among primary schoolteachers in Karad.

Aim As Breast cancer is most common in developed and developing world. Despite of seriousness & importance of breast cancer the awareness is low. This Study highlights the primary screening of breast cancer with the device Intelligent Breast Examination. Objectives The objectives of this study are to assess the knowledge regarding awareness on screening of breast cancer with Intelligent Breast Examination (IBE), to develop a self-instructional module (SIM) on awareness on screening regarding breast cancer with IBE, and to assess its effectiveness on awareness about screening breast cancer with IBE. Materials and Methods Evaluative research approach was used. The study used preexperimental research design. The samples (60 primary schoolteachers) were selected by the use of two sampling techniques, i.e., random sampling (for schools) and purposive sampling (study participants). Data were collected in two phases (pre and post) using structured questionnaire followed by the administration of SIM. Results The results revealed a significant increase in mean knowledge scores (mean pre 11.16 standard deviation [SD] = 2.631 to mean post 21.2 SD = 1.842) regarding awareness on screening of breast cancer with IBE. The calculated paired t value (23.902) is greater than the table value ( t = 1.67) at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion The study concluded that the SIM prepared proved to be effective in increasing the awareness regarding screening with IBE in breast cancer.
Exome Sequencing and Identification of Phenocopies in Patients With Clinically Presumed Hereditary Nephropathies.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Hereditary nephropathies are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. For some patients, the clinical phenotype corresponds to a specific hereditary disease but genetic testing reveals that the expected genotype is not present (phenocopy). The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum and frequency of phenocopies identified by using exome sequencing in a cohort of patients who were clinically suspected to have hereditary kidney disorders. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 174 unrelated patients were recruited for exome sequencing and categorized into 7 disease groups according to their clinical presentation. They included autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, Alport syndrome, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, ciliopathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis/steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, VACTERL association, and "other. " RESULTS A genetic diagnosis (either likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics) was established using exome sequencing in 52 of 174 (30%) cases. A phenocopy was identified for 10 of the 52 exome sequencing-solved cases (19%), representing 6% of the total cohort. The most frequent phenocopies (n=5) were associated with genetic Alport syndrome presenting clinically as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis/steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Strictly targeted gene panels (<25 kilobases) did not identify any of the phenocopy cases. LIMITATIONS The spectrum of described phenocopies is small. Selection bias may have altered the diagnostic yield within disease groups in our study population. The study cohort was predominantly of non-Finnish European descent, limiting generalizability. Certain hereditary kidney diseases cannot be diagnosed by using exome sequencing (eg, MUC1-autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease). CONCLUSIONS Phenocopies led to the recategorization of disease and altered clinical management. This study highlights that exome sequencing can detect otherwise occult genetic heterogeneity of kidney diseases.
The social brain in female autism: a structural imaging study of twins

Abstract A female advantage in social cognition (SoC) might contribute to women’s underrepresentation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The latter could be underpinned by sex differences in social brain structure. This study investigated the relationship between structural social brain networks and SoC in females and males in relation to ASD and autistic traits in twins. We used a co-twin design in 77 twin pairs (39 female) aged 12.5 to 31.0 years. Twin pairs were discordant or concordant for ASD or autistic traits, discordant or concordant for other neurodevelopmental disorders or concordant for neurotypical development. They underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed for SoC using the naturalistic Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition. Autistic traits predicted reduced SoC capacities predominantly in male twins, despite a comparable extent of autistic traits in each sex, although the association between SoC and autistic traits did not differ significantly between the sexes. Consistently, within-pair associations between SoC and social brain structure revealed that lower SoC ability was associated with increased cortical thickness of several brain regions, particularly in males. Our findings confirm the notion that sex differences in SoC in association with ASD are underpinned by sex differences in brain structure.