Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RDC protocols in wireless sensor networks running Contiki

This thesis presents a comparison between the different radio duty cycling (RDC) protocols used in wireless sensor networks (WSN) running ContikiMAC as operating system. With that purpose, in order to obtain the most reliable results and avoid the inaccuracy associated with simulations, an experimental study was performed in a real wireless sensor network (WSN) set up using Zolertia Z1 motes. RDC protocols are one of the most important elements of a WSN configuration, being the ones in charge of managing the wake up intervals (WUI) of the radio in order to achieve low power usage, which is one of the main requirements in energy constrained devices such as WSN motes. Moreover, since the performance of the RDC protocols affects higher layers in the protocol stack, it is crucial to find the RDC configuration that gives the best performance, which is the main goal of this bachelor thesis. Este trabajo fin de grado presenta una comparación entre los diferentes protocolos que definen el ciclo de trabajo de la radio (protocolos RDC), empleados en las redes de sensores inalámbricos que usan Contiki como sistema operativo. Con ese propósito, para obtener los resultados más fiables posibles y para evitar la imprecisión asociada a las simulaciones, se ha realizado un estudio experimental en una verdadera red de sensores inalámbricos usando módulos Zolertia Z1. Los protocolos RDC son uno de los elementos más importantes en la configuración de una red de sensores inalámbricos, ya que están a cargo de la gestión de los intervalos de actividad de la radio, con el fin de conseguir un bajo consumo de energía, el cual es uno de los requerimientos principales de aparatos con restricción energética como los sensores inalámbricos. Además, como el comportamiento de los protocolos RDC afecta a las capas superiores de la pila de protocolos, es crucial encontrar una configuración RDC que proporcione el mejor rendimiento posible, siendo éste el principal objetivo de este trabajo fin de grado. Deze thesis maakt een vergelijking tussen de verschillende Radio Duty Cycling (RDC) protocollen, die gebruikt worden in draadloze sensornetwerken (wireless sensor networks, WSN) draaiend op het Contiki besturingssysteem. Om de meest betrouwbare resultaten te behalen en om de onnauwkeurigheden geassocieerd met simulaties te vermijden, werd een experimenteel onderzoek uitgevoerd in een echt netwerk, bestaande uit Zolertia Z1 knopen. RDC protocollen zijn één van de meest belangrijke elementen in de configuratie van een WSN, omdat ze de intervallen, waarop de radio ontwaakt, beheren. Dit heeft tot doel het energieverbruik te verlagen, wat één van de belangrijkste vereisten is in apparaten, die beperkt zijn op vlak van energie, zoals knopen in een WSN. Omdat de prestaties van de gebruikte RDC protocollen de hogere lagen in de stack beïnvloeden, is het zeer belangrijk om de best presterende configuratie van de RDC protocollen te vinden, wat dan ook de belangrijkste doelstelling van deze bachelor thesis is.
Energy-Budget-Aware Reliability Management in Multi-Core Embedded Systems with Hybrid Energy Source

VLSI technology scaling has resulted in the integration of a larger number of cores in a single chip in successive technology nodes, offering a great potential to realize task-level redundancy for reliability enhancement in safety-critical applications. However, since battery technology no longer advances commensurately with integration density, multi-core platforms may have limited utility in battery-powered embedded systems. In this paper, we propose an energy-budget-aware reliability management (enBudRM) method for multi-core embedded systems featuring hybrid energy source (with renewable and non-renewable energy sources). Our method is composed of two phases. In the offline phase, we only consider battery as the energy source and, according to the available energy-budget and slack time for each execution frame, tasks scheduling and voltage-frequency level are determined such that the tasks timing constraints are met while achieving the given reliability target. To increase the battery lifetime, in the online phase, we exploit released slack time at runtime for further voltage scaling. To compensate for the reliability loss of voltage scaling, we exploit an energy harvester along with the battery to enable executing more task replicas. Our experiments show that our energy budgeting method (the offline phase) compared to other approaches reduces the energy consumption on average by 57% (up to 80%). Also, by using harvester we can achieve up to 45% (on average 35%) battery energy saving, resulting in a higher battery life.
An Analysis of the Early Regeneration of Mangrove Forests using Landsat Time Series in the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia

Time series of satellite sensor data have been used to quantify mangrove cover changes at regional and global levels. Although mangrove forests have been monitored using remote sensing techniques, the use of time series to quantify the regeneration of these forests still remains limited. In this study, we focus on the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) located in Peninsular Malaysia, which has been under silvicultural management since 1902 and provided the opportunity to investigate the use of Landsat annual time series (1988–2015) for (i) detecting clear-felling events that take place in the reserve as part of the local management, and (ii) tracing back and quantifying the early regeneration of mangrove forest patches after clear-felling. Clear-felling events were detected for each year using the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) derived from single date (cloud-free) or multi-date composites of Landsat sensor data. From this series, we found that the average period for the NDMI to recover to values observed prior to the clear-felling event between 1988 and 2015 was 5.9 ± 2.7 years. The maps created in this study can be used to guide the replantation strategies, the clear-felling planning, and the management and monitoring activities of the MMFR.
Ossabaw Island miniature swine: Cardiometabolic syndrome assessment

Ossabaw swine were deposited on Ossabaw Island, GA, in the 1500s by Spanish explorers (Mayer and Brisbin, Jr., 1991) and, since then, the ocean has remained an impenetrable barrier to emigration of Ossabaw pigs to the mainland. Natural models of disease that arise from adaptation of animals to unique selection pressures can give insights into similar complex, multifactorial diseases in humans. Ossabaw miniature swine may recapitulate the natural pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes because of their “thrifty genotype” that enabled survival in the feast and famine ecology of Ossabaw Island. The thrifty genotype hypothesis is that in the hunter-gatherer stages of human development the ability to store excess fat enabled survival during periods of famine (Neel, 1962). In the 1970s and early 1980s, Ossabaw miniature swine were studied by ecologists for their unique adaptations in their natural habitat on Ossabaw Island (Mayer and Brisbin, Jr., 1991; Stribling et al., 1984) and, after establishment of colonies on the mainland, Ossabaws were studied by animal scientists for their propensity to obesity (Buhlinger et al., 1978; Martin et al., 1973; Martin and Herbein, 1976; Weiss et al., 1974), insulin resistance (Wangsness et al., 1977), plasma lipoproteins (Etherton and Kris-Etherton, 1980), and renal physiology (Zervanos et al., 1983). Renewed interest in Ossabaw miniature swine was sparked in 2001 with the realization of the obesity and diabetes epidemic (Bellenger et al., 2006; Mokdad et al., 2001) and Brisbin’s timely appeal to the scientific community to save feral Ossabaw Island swine from eradication by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources for environmental reasons (Brisbin and Mayer, 2001; www.state.ga.us/dnr/wild/game_mgmt/theplan.pdf, 2000). Our laboratory obtained animals from the island in an expedition in 2002 and established a breeding colony at Indiana University. We have conducted studies involving diabetes and metabolic syndrome and have made comparisons to our Yucatan model (Boullion et al., 2003; Dixon et al., 1999, 2002; Edwards et al., 2006; Hainsworth et al., 2002; Kaser et al., 2004; Lloyd et al., 2006; Mokelke et al., 2003, 2005a, 2005b; Sheehy et al., 2006; Sturek et al., 2006; Witczak et al., 2004, 2005; Zafar et al., 2004). The natural pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes involves a tendency to obesity with gradually increasing impairment of insulin action in a “prediabetes” condition, which has also been termed the metabolic syndrome or cardiometabolic risk (Eckel et al., 2005, 2006; Grundy et al., 2005; Kahn et al., 2005). In later stages, there is an increase in fasting blood glucose, which best defines diabetes. Intensive research is under way to meet the need for animal models to understand these comorbidities and develop therapies. The cardiometabolic risk or metabolic syndrome in the 9278_C018. fm Page 397 Tuesday, February 13, 2007 12:18 PM
qu an tph ] 2 2 Fe b 20 19 Connecting Velocity and Entanglement in Quantum Walks

We investigate the relation between transport properties and entanglement between the internal (spin) and external (position) degrees of freedom in one-dimensional discrete time quantum walks. We obtain closed-form expressions for the long-time position variance and asymptotic entanglement of quantum walks whose time evolution is given by any balanced quantum coin, starting from any initial qubit and position states following a delta-like (local) and Gaussian distributions. We find out that the knowledge of the limit velocity of the walker together with the polar angle of the initial qubit provide the asymptotic entanglement for local states, while this velocity with the quantum coin phases give it for highly delocalized states.
How Dark Energy Affects the MOND Theory in Clusters

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is one of the successful theories to explain the dark matter problem in galaxies. However, the data from clusters and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) indicate some dark matter should exist in larger scales. In addition, recent dynamical studies of clusters show that the effect of dark energy should not be ignored in cluster scale. In this article, I will demonstrate how dark energy affects the cluster mass calculation by using MOND. Also, I will show that the calculated cluster mass is consistent with the total matter to baryonic matter ratio obtained by the CMB data.
The Seed Ecology of ( Torr . ) Wiggins ,-- East Cascade

Natural Areas Jouml25:246256 ABSTRACT: We examined the seed ecology of Iliamna longisepala as an aid to developing a conservation strategy for this rare endemic forb of northcentral Washington. We conducted field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies to quantify: (1) densities of buried viable seed among sites with different histories of burning, (2) post-fire spatial distributions of germinants relative to reproductive plants and bum severity, (3) seed production and its annual variation, and (4) germination requirements. Density of seed in the soil was not significantly related to history of burning, but sites that experienced fire 10 years before sampling averaged 10 times as many seeds as sites that burned recently and four times as many seeds as sites that had not burned within 50 years. Density of viable seeds in the soil did not correlate with density of reproductive plants. In a field experiment, germinants appeared after fall burning, but not after spring burning. Germinants were most abundant within 10 m of reproductive plants and were concentrated in areas of high bum severity. Seed production per plant was significantly correlated to crown diameter, but production varied dramatically from year to year. Experimental germination trials were largely unsuccessful due to low (8%) viability of seeds collected from mature plants. However, field studies illustrate that fire is sufficient to break the dormancy of seeds that have accumulated in the soil. Long-term exclusion of fire may lead to local extinction of populations as the longevity of reproductive plants and seeds are exceeded. However, burning more frequently than every 10 years could deplete local seed reserves.
The Stability of Irradiation-Induced Defects in Zr 3AlC 2, Nb 4AlC 3 and (Zr 0.5,Ti 0.5) 3AlC 2 Max Phase-Based Ceramics

This work is a first assessment of the radiation tolerance of the nanolayered ternary carbides (MAX phases), Zr<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub>, Nb<sub>4</sub>AlC<sub>3</sub> and (Zr<sub>0.5</sub>,Ti<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub>, using proton irradiation followed by post-irradiation examination based primarily on x-ray diffraction analysis. These specific MAX phase compounds are being evaluated as candidate coating materials for fuel cladding applications in advanced nuclear reactor systems. The aim of using a MAX phase coating is to protect the substrate fuel cladding material from corrosion damage during its exposure to the primary coolant. Proton irradiation was used in this study as a surrogate for neutron irradiation in order to introduce radiation damage into these ceramics at reactor-relevant temperatures. The post-irradiation examination of these materials revealed that the Zr-based 312-MAX phases, Zr<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> and (Zr<sub>0.5</sub>,Ti<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> have a superior ability for defect-recovery above 400 °C, whilst the Nb<sub>4</sub>AlC<sub>3</sub> does not demonstrate any appreciable defect recovery below 600 °C. Density functional theory calculations have demonstrated that the structural differences between the 312 and 413-MAX phase structures govern the variation of the irradiation tolerance of these materials.
Seasonal Forecast Based Preharvest Hedging

Given the immense effect of weather on agriculture, skillful weather forecasts are of importance to agricultural producers for effective decision making. Weather forecasts affect operational decisions such as whether or not to irrigate (where applicable), when to apply fertilizer, when to spray herbicide and pesticide, and certainly the timing of planting and harvesting. At the seasonal time scale, say in the spring, just before planting, weather forecasts may be used for strategic decision making on outcomes, say from pre-harvest hedging (hereafter referred to hedging), that will not be realized until the fall or harvest. Historically, the lack of skill in generating seasonal forecasts has led the vast majority of agricultural producers to not have enough confidence to use weather forecasts in the hedging decision. Scientific advancements improving skill and accuracy of seasonal weather forecasts in the 21st century have occurred due to a better understanding of the interplay between atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as faster and more detailed computer analysis of weather and climate data (Benjamin et al., 2018). Yet, the adoption of weather forecasts in decision making in the agricultural sector has remained low. According to Klemm and McPherson (2018), the lack of adoption of forecasts can be attributed due in part to a lack of stakeholder relevance of the forecast information, a lack of forecast accuracy, or simply because the forecasts are too difficult to understand. The goal of this paper is to motivate the use of a modern-day weather forecast in the hedging decision. We achieve this goal by investigating how modern-day weather forecasts are established and develop a simple hedging model based on the weather forecast. Perhaps the primary issue with the traditional seasonal forecast is the manner in which it has typically been communicated to users. For example, seasonal outlooks issued by the National Oceanic and AdminisMarket Report Year Ago 4 Wks Ago 11-2-20
Superconcept Formation System – An Ontology Matching Algorithm for Web Applications

Being a formal, declarative knowledge representation model, ontologies are the basis for many Web applications, such as Web services, E-business, and service-oriented computing. But ontologies from different sources are inherently heterogeneous, so they must be matched and reconciled before they can be used. Most approaches for ontology matching are either rule-based or learning-based, but both have disadvantages. In this paper, we propose Superconcept Formation System (SFS), a learning-based matching algorithm with rule-based enhancements. We explain SFS, analyze the challenges, and demonstrate its promising prospect by preliminary experimental results.
Boundary layer plasma flows from high‐latitude reconnection in the summer hemisphere for northward IMF: THEMIS multi‐point observations

On 2008‐07‐11, the THEMIS spacecraft, separated both longitudinally and radially, traversed the dayside low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL) under extended northward IMF. They detected southward flows of magnetosheath plasma from magnetopause reconnection poleward of the northern cusp, which were cold‐dense, and had southward velocity ∼100 km/s and longitudinal extent >3 RE. These features all agree with a global MHD simulation of the magnetosphere for similar conditions, in which under large geomagnetic dipole tilt, an LLBL forms via poleward‐of‐the‐cusp reconnection first in the summer hemisphere and later in the other. Contrary to the simulation, however, the observed LLBL was mostly magnetically closed, characterized by balanced field‐aligned and anti‐field‐aligned electron fluxes, and was less thick (≤0.5 RE). The former suggests comparable reconnection rate in both hemispheres, while the latter suggests the actual reconnection rate being lower, and/or the plasma transport toward the magnetotail being faster, than in the simulation.
Title The pros and cons of routine central compartment neck dissection for clinically nodal negative ( cN 0 ) papillary thyroid cancer

Metastatic disease to regional lymph nodes (LNs) is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). LN dissection is increasingly performed as part of the surgical management of PTC. The role of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in PTC is unclear. There is limited evidence to support a routine pCND in clinical setting for nodal negative (cN0) PTC. The aim of this review was to examine the pros and cons of prophylactic neck dissection in cN0 PTC. In summary, the advantages of pCND are: removal of the central LNs that potentially harbor micro-metastases, more accurate staging of disease in order to plan more individualized management, reducing the need for re-operation to remove the metastatic LNs which have developed later and possible improvement in overall survival. The disadvantages are: an extensive surgery but lack of evidence of survival benefit, higher incidence of complications with little impact on local recurrence rate, possibility of over treating in cN0 patients and it does not sound like a cost effective approach in the management of small thyroid cancer. Considering low frequency of permanent morbidity, some authors believe that prophylactic neck dissection is safe in experienced hands even though its prognostic benefit has yet to be demonstrated.
Title Fine mapping of the 9 q 31 Hirschsprung ' s disease locus

Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterised by the absence of ganglia along variable lengths of the intestine. The RET gene is the major HSCR gene. Reduced penetrance of RET mutations and phenotypic variability suggest the involvement of additional modifying genes in the disease. A RET-dependent modifier locus was mapped to 9q31 in families bearing no coding sequence (CDS) RET mutations. Yet, the 9q31 causative locus is to be identified. To fine-map the 9q31 region, we genotyped 301 tag-SNPs spanning 7 Mb on 137 HSCR Dutch trios. This revealed two HSCR-associated regions that were further investigated in 173 Chinese HSCR patients and 436 controls using the genotype data obtained from a genome-wide association study recently conducted. Within one of the two identified regions SVEP1 SNPs were found associated with Dutch HSCR patients in the absence of RET mutations. This ratifies the reported linkage to the 9q31 region in HSCR families with no RET CDS mutations. However, this finding could not be replicated. In Chinese, HSCR was found associated with IKBKAP. In contrast, this association was stronger in patients carrying RET CDS mutations with p = 5.10 9 10 [OR = 3.32 (1.99, 5.59)] after replication. The HSCRassociation found for IKBKAP in Chinese suggests population specificity and implies that RET mutation carriers may have an additional risk. Our finding is supported by the role of IKBKAP in the development of the nervous system.
comprehension and acquisition The P-chain : relating sentence production and its disorders to

References http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/369/1634/20120394.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 68 articles, 4 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (298 articles) cognition  (476 articles) behaviour  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
DETERMINATION OF TOXIC AND ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN THE SCALP HAIR OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the word. Many factors such trace elements contributing to the pathophysiology of type II Diabetes mellitus (DM). Certain elements have been identified as essential trace elements that play an important role in the genesis and progression of such diseases like diabetes. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt and chromium, contents in scalp hair samples of patients having diabetes mellitus type-2 from Tehran (Iran). The hair samples were collected during 2009 – 2010, from 108 patients having diabetes mellitus type-2 age ranged (35-55), for a comparative study 250 age matched non-diabetics, healthy subjects of the same city were selected. Prior to analysis, samples were washed with 1% (w/v) sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), 0.1M HCl, and deionized water. The hair samples were digested afterward in a mixture of HNO3, and H2O2. Concentrations of all metals were assessed by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The type 2 diabetes was corresponding to elevated hair Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mo, Al and decreased Fe, Cr, Co and Zn.
Acute and Longer- Term Outcomes in Depressed Outpatients Requiring One or Several Treatment Steps: A STAR*D Report

Objective: This report describes the participants and compares the acute and longer-term treatment outcomes associated with each of four successive steps in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial. Method: A broadly representative adult outpatient sample with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder received one (N=3,671) to four (N=123) successive acute treatment steps. Those not achieving remission with or unable to tolerate a treatment step were encouraged to move to the next step. Those with an acceptable benefit, preferably symptom remission, from any particular step could enter a 12-month naturalistic follow-up phase. A score of ≤5 on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self-Report (QIDS-SR 16 ) (equivalent to ≤7 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD 17 ]) defined remission; a QIDS-SR 16 total score of ≥11 (HRSD 17 ≥14) defined relapse. Results: The QIDS-SR 16 remission rates were 36.8%, 30.6%, 13.7%, and 13.0% for the first, second, t.