Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High frequency and transient coupling to pasive conductors near grounding systems in layered soil

This paper presents the ongoing research results of the high frequency and transient grounding system analysis in two-layer soil structure. On the basis of rigorous electromagnetic field theory, which involves Sommerfeld's integrals, the mathematical model is formulated by the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE). Detailed analysis of a high frequency performance of a typical horizontal grounding conductor placed in the upper or in the bottom layer is given. It is shown that because of the presence of two distinct layers the current distribution and the impedance to ground are highly affected by the parameters of both soil layers. Also, the current distribution in near-by passive horizontal conductor is analyzed. At the end of the paper some observations about the effects of two-layer soil structure at high frequencies are given.
Automatic Determination of Aortic Compliance With Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Application of Fuzzy Logic Theory

Lalande A, Khau van Kien P, Salvé N, et al. Automatic determination of aortic compliance with cine-magnetic resonance imaging: An application of fuzzy logic theory. Invest Radiol 2002;37:685–691. Rationale and Objectives. Aortic compliance is defined as the relative change in aortic cross-sectional area divided by the change in arterial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful imaging modality for the noninvasive evaluation of aortic compliance. However, manual tracing of the aortic contour is subject to important interobserver variations. To estimate the aortic compliance from cine-MRI, a method based on fuzzy logic theory was elaborated. Materials and Methods.Seven healthy volunteers and eight patients with Marfan syndrome were examined using an ECG gated cine-MRI sequence. The aorta was imaged in the transverse plane at the level of the pulmonary trunk. A method based on fuzzy logic was developed to automatically detect the aortic contour. Results. Through our robust automatic contouring method, the calculation of aortic cross-sectional areas allows an estimation of the aortic compliance. Conclusion. The aortic compliance can be obtained from a fuzzy logic based automatic contouring method, thereby avoiding the important interobserver variation often associated with manual tracing.
Disseminated herpes simplex virus type‐1 infection in long‐term usage of everolimus

1 Cash TF, Price VH, Savin RC. Psychological effects of androgenetic alopecia on women: comparisons with balding men and with female control subjects. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 29: 568–575. 2 Banga AK. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6: 343–354. 3 Sivamani RK, Liepmann D, Maibach HI. Microneedles and transdermal applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007; 4: 19–25.
Double-stage nematic bond ordering above double stripe magnetism: Application to BaTi2Sb2O

Spin-driven nematicity, or the breaking of the point-group symmetry of the lattice without long-range magnetic order, is clearly quite important in iron-based superconductors. From a symmetry point of view, nematic order can be described as a coherent locking of spin fluctuations in two interpenetrating N\'eel sublattices with ensuing nearest-neighbor bond order and an absence of static magnetism. Here, we argue that the low-temperature state of the recently discovered superconductor BaTi$_2$Sb$_2$O is a strong candidate for a more exotic form of spin-driven nematic order, in which fluctuations occurring in four N\'eel sublattices promote both nearest- and next-nearest neighbor bond order. We develop a low-energy field theory of this state and show that it can have, as a function of temperature, up to two separate bond-order phase transitions -- namely, one that breaks rotation symmetry and one that breaks reflection and translation symmetries of the lattice. The resulting state has an orthorhombic lattice distortion, an intra-unit-cell charge density wave, and no long-range magnetic order, all consistent with reported measurements of the low-temperature phase of BaTi$_2$Sb$_2$O. We then use density functional theory calculations to extract exchange parameters to confirm that the model is applicable to BaTi$_2$Sb$_2$O.
Incidence and kinetics of distant metastases in patients with operable breast cancer.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the incidence and kinetics of distant metastases in operable breast cancer and to relate these estimates to various tumor and patient characteristics. The records of 309 consecutive patients with operable breast cancer in stage T1-4N0-1M0 were reviewed, and the incidence of distant metastases (DM) and death due to DM were evaluated. 195 patients had positive axillary nodes with the following distribution of the number of nodes: 45% had 1-2 node, 16% had 3-4 nodes, 14% and 25% had 5-7 and more nodes, respectively. All patients were treated with radical mastectomy with axillary nodes dissection (the only treatment in 39% of cases). In 198 cases radical mastectomy was combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy given pre- or postoperatively. Hormonal treatment was given in 27% of cases. Minimum follow-up was 10 years. Distant metastases were found in 150 cases (49%) and in 78 cases (25%) they developed early, during the first 18 months follow-up. Average rate of DM in N0 cases was 25%. Number of involved nodes and extracapsular invasion were found significant and independent prognostic factors. High risk (50%) of DM and death due to DM correlate with age < 40 y, premenopausal status, tumor stage > or = T3, more than 2 axillary nodes and/or extracapsular invasion. The linearity of the curves for freedom from DM and for freedom from death due to the DM suggest uniform distribution of progression rates with a median value for halving time for freedom from early DM of about 8 months, and of about 40 months for freedom from the DM occurring later than 18 months, being for whole group an average of 20 months. High incidence of DM is a significant cause of poor long-term survival. Early appearance (< 18 month follow-up) of about half of the DM suggests that they are already present as subclinical micrometastases at the time of initial loco-regional treatment. The time of appearance of distant metastases is consistent with a wide range of metastatic cell burdens among patients. Systemic therapy, at least for selected group of patients, might decrease the incidence of DM and improve long-term results.
A Retrospective Likelihood Approach for Efficient Integration of Multiple Omics Factors in Case‐Control Association Studies

Integrative omics, the joint analysis of outcome and multiple types of omics data, such as genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics data, constitute a promising approach for powerful and biologically relevant association studies. These studies often employ a case‐control design, and often include nonomics covariates, such as age and gender, that may modify the underlying omics risk factors. An open question is how to best integrate multiple omics and nonomics information to maximize statistical power in case‐control studies that ascertain individuals based on the phenotype. Recent work on integrative omics have used prospective approaches, modeling case‐control status conditional on omics, and nonomics risk factors. Compared to univariate approaches, jointly analyzing multiple risk factors with a prospective approach increases power in nonascertained cohorts. However, these prospective approaches often lose power in case‐control studies. In this article, we propose a novel statistical method for integrating multiple omics and nonomics factors in case‐control association studies. Our method is based on a retrospective likelihood function that models the joint distribution of omics and nonomics factors conditional on case‐control status. The new method provides accurate control of Type I error rate and has increased efficiency over prospective approaches in both simulated and real data.
Mathematical controllability of genomic networks

Scientists aim to understand, whereas engineers aim to modify and control. In the study by Rajapakse et al. in PNAS (1) these two objectives come together in the context of genomic reorganization during cell differentiation. Cell differentiation, a branch of epigenetics, is a well-analyzed process but one that lacks a mathematical predictive model. Systems biology provides mathematical tools and has recently become a fertile ground for network science (2, 3), specifically in the understanding of the collective dynamics within the nucleus. Indeed, from genetic networks to organizations, one may postulate that a network paradigm is the correct framework to understand life's complexity (4). The complex interactions within a living cell have benefited both from network science concepts as well as from the availability of computing power (3) to provide some modeling tools. What has been lacking, however, is the coupling of genomic network properties and characteristics, with the ability to affect changes at the cellular level. This ability may be especially powerful if one can steer the behavior of a living organism during cell differentiation. Rajapakse et al. (1) provide a convincing mathematical model that explains distinct phases of genomic reorganization consistent with experimental results and suggest that guiding the reorganization toward biologically desirable states may be possible.
Grey Relational Evaluation on Higher Education Informatization

With the rapid development of Internet, the solutions for higher education informatization evaluation has attracted the attentions of colleges and scholars. Higher education informatization evaluation belongs to multi-criteria decision problems, in order to assess the informatization level of different colleges and select an appropriate college, the appropriate evaluation methods are needed. In this paper, a new method based on grey relational analysis (GRA) is given to evaluate higher education informatization. In addition, based on the selected indexes system, we demonstrate a case study to explain the operation procedures for the evaluation model. Research results show that the model is effective for evaluating higher education informatization, and it is available for providing valuable information to government departments.
Model for the propagation of sound in granular materials.

This paper presents a simple model for the propagation of small-amplitude vibrations in a granular material. In this model, the grains are taken to be spherical balls that interact via linear springs. The positional disorder in the real system is ignored and the particles are placed on the vertices of a square lattice. The only disorder in the system comes from a random distribution of the spring constants. Despite its apparent simplicity, this model is able to reproduce the complex frequency response seen in measurements of sound propagation in a granular system. In order to understand this behavior, the role of the resonance modes of the system is investigated. Finally, this simple model is generalized to include relaxation behavior in the force network---a behavior which is also seen in real granular materials. This model gives quantitative agreement with experimental observations of relaxation.
Carbon monoxide-dependent signaling

It has become accepted that nitric oxide serves important functions in biological systems as a second messenger. Another diatomic gaseous molecule, carbon monoxide (CO), is also rapidly gaining acceptance as a signaling agent. Some of the activities of CO are analogous to those of nitric oxide in the vascular system and the brain, but CO also behaves in novel ways. Like nitric oxide, CO is capable of activating soluble guanylyl cyclase. This mechanism of CO signaling is important in vasodilation and neurotransmission. There is growing evidence, however, that CO also acts independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase. CO has been shown to protect against septic shock and lung injury in animal models, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase system appears to mediate this cytoprotective effect. Although much remains to be elucidated about the mechanisms of cell signaling by CO, the pace of discovery in this field is making the picture clearer with every passing day.
The Effect of Brief Auditory Stimuli on Visual Apparent Motion

When two discrete stimuli are presented in rapid succession, observers typically report a movement of the lead stimulus toward the lag stimulus. The object of this study was to investigate crossmodal effects of irrelevant sounds on this illusion of visual apparent motion. Observers were presented with two visual stimuli that were temporally separated by interstimulus onset intervals from 0 to 350 ms. After each trial, observers classified their impression of the stimuli using a categorisation system. The presentation of short sounds intervening between the visual stimuli facilitated the impression of apparent motion relative to baseline (visual stimuli without sounds), whereas sounds presented before the first and after the second visual stimulus as well as simultaneously presented sounds reduced the motion impression. The results demonstrate an effect of the temporal structure of irrelevant sounds on visual apparent motion that is discussed in light of a related multisensory phenomenon, ‘temporal ventriloquism’, on the assumption that sounds can attract lights in the temporal dimension.
[Controlling wound odor with metronidazole: a systematic review].

OBJECTIVE Verifying the evidence of therapeutic efficacy in the topical application of metronidazole for controlling wound odor. METHODS A systematic literature review, according to the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. RESULTS 329 articles were identified in the Cochrane, LILACS, SciELO, CINAHL and PubMed databases, with 14 of them being included in the final sample. Two of the studies were double-blind randomized clinical trial studies. CONCLUSION The actual effectiveness of metronidazole in controlling wound odor cannot yet be evidenced due to the absence of strong evidence from studies on the subject, despite clinical practice recommending its benefits.
Smoking Increases Facial Skin Flap Complications

This study was undertaken to determine whether smokers have a higher risk of complications after reconstruction of facial skin defects. Ninety-one patients with facial skin defects reconstructed with local flaps were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty-eight (42%) were active smokers, 12 (13%) had not smoked for at least 1 year prior to surgery, and the rest were nonsmokers. Complications occurred in 23 patients (25%; 37% in smokers, 17% in ex-smokers, and 17% in nonsmokers; p < .03). All full-thickness skin losses and all cellulitis occurred in active smokers. We conclude that active smokers are at a higher risk for complications in facial skin flap surgery. That ex-smokers had a complication rate similar to that of nonsmokers suggests that part of smoking's adverse effect on skin flaps may be an acute phenomenon, and that smoking cessation for shorter (<1 year) periods of time before surgery may have a beneficial effect.
New Insights Into the Metabolism and Role of Cytokinin N-Glucosides in Plants

Cytokinin (CK) N-glucosides are the most abundant group of CK metabolites in many species; however, their physiological role in planta was for a long time perceived as irreversible storage CK forms only. Recently, a comprehensive screen showed that only vascular plants form CK N-glucosides in contrast to mosses, algae, and fungi. The formation of CK N-glucosides as biologically inactive CK conjugates thus represents an evolutionarily young mechanism for deactivation of CK bases. Even though CK N-glucosides are not biologically active themselves due to their inability to activate the CK perception system, new data on CK N-glucoside metabolism show that trans-zeatin (tZ) N7- and N9-glucosides are metabolized in vivo, efficiently releasing free CK bases that are most probably responsible for the biological activities observed in a number of bioassays. Moreover, CK N-glucosides’ subcellular localization as well as their abundance in xylem both point to their possible plasma membrane transport and indicate a role also as CK transport forms. Identification of the enzyme(s) responsible for the hydrolysis of tZ N7- and N9-glucosides, as well as the discovery of putative CK N-glucoside plasma membrane transporter, would unveil important parts of the overall picture of CK metabolic interconversions and their physiological importance.
Pole-zero tracking frequency compensation for low dropout regulator

Most low dropout regulators (LDRs) have a limited of load current operating range due to stability problems. This paper proposes a new frequency compensation scheme for LDR to optimize the regulator performance over a wide load current range. By introducing a tracking zero to cancel out the regulator output pole, the frequency response of the feedback loop becomes load current independent. The open-loop DC gain is boosted up by a low frequency dominant pole, which increases the regulator accuracy. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, a LDR utilizing the new frequency compensation scheme is designed and fabricated using the TSMC 0.35/spl mu/m digital CMOS process. Simulation results show that with output current from 0 /spl mu/A to 100 mA, the bandwidth variation is only 2.3 times and the minimum DC gain is 72 dB. Measurement of the dynamic response matches well with simulation.
Regression of hepatic adenomata after cessation of selective oestrogen receptor modulator

A 75-year-old lady underwent left hepatectomy in 1985 for giant cell adenoma. Annual surveillance magnetic resonance imaging of small residual adenomata in the right lobe was performed. In 2007, a sudden dramatic increase in size was seen (see Fig. 1). She had been prescribed raloxifene, an oral selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) to prevent osteoporosis. On cessation of this medication, the adenomata receded (see Fig. 2). Selective oestrogen receptor modulators have paradoxical oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic effects in various tissues. They act as oestrogen receptor agonists on bone, increasing the bone mineral density in post-menopausal women (1). In breast tissue, an oestrogen antagonistic effect reduces the relative risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women (2), but no associated increase in endometrial proliferation or uterine cancer has been reported (3). Human liver contains oestrogen receptors (4), and regression of hepatocellular adenomas after withdrawal of contraceptive agents has been widely reported. An association between SERMs and hepatic adenomas has not been reported previously.
Structural basis of differential ligand recognition by two classes of bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate-binding riboswitches

The bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) signaling pathway regulates biofilm formation, virulence, and other processes in many bacterial species and is critical for their survival. Two classes of c-di-GMP-binding riboswitches have been discovered that bind this second messenger with high affinity and regulate diverse downstream genes, underscoring the importance of RNA receptors in this pathway. We have solved the structure of a c-di-GMP-II riboswitch, which reveals that the ligand is bound as part of a triplex formed with a pseudoknot. The structure also shows that the guanine bases of c-di-GMP are recognized through noncanonical pairings and that the phosphodiester backbone is not contacted by the RNA. Recognition is quite different from that observed in the c-di-GMP-I riboswitch, demonstrating that at least two independent solutions for RNA second messenger binding have evolved. We exploited these differences to design a c-di-GMP analog that selectively binds the c-di-GMP-II aptamer over the c-di-GMP-I RNA. There are several bacterial species that contain both types of riboswitches, and this approach holds promise as an important tool for targeting one riboswitch, and thus one gene, over another in a selective fashion.
Access network controlled fast handoff for streaming multimedia in WLAN

The focus of the research presented in this paper was to develop a novel way to support voice over IP (VoIP) and streaming video applications on mobile devices over a 802.11 access network Fast handoff in a wireless local area network (WLAN) environment has been the research topic of many previous studies, the majority of which described ways to optimize the three main 802.11 handoff phases -scanning, authentication, and reassociation. In this paper however we propose a fast handoff scheme that skips all mentioned phases. Instead, the handoff is controlled and prepared by the access network and is triggered by sending a hop request message to the mobile station (STA). At the STA the three phases are reduced to a single frequency change phase. The proposed solution extends the standard 802.11 scheme; if the extension is not available at the access network or the STA, the devices will fall back on the standard handoff procedure. Because the access network fully controls the handoff process and actively invokes the frequency change on the STA, we can guarantee a minimal duration of the time the STA stays disconnected.
Low-resolution pattern recognition - sorting triples in the FIRST database

The application of pattern recognition techniques to the data from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters Survey (FIRST) is explored. The methodology developed for the automatic classification of a particular type of radio-source morphology, the so-called "bent doubles" is described. While the procedures and techniques for doing supervised pattern recognition using accurately classified training sets, high-resolution images, and determinate shapes are well established, there exists little guidance for dealing with more ambiguous populations. The implications of low resolution for pattern recognition are discussed and methods for dealing with more ambiguous populations are presented. Bent doubles with three components are considered. With approximately 6% of the catalog sources being a component of a triple, visual classification suggests that approximately 6% of triples are bent. In addition to the problems associated with low resolution, the classification task is complicated by the lack of scale and orientation information, the chance superposition of sources, the very ambiguous nature of the visual classifications, and the considerable variation in bent morphology. For a bent or ambiguous or nonbent visual classification, classifiers are presented that produce results having up to an 80% recognition rate when looking at the top-ranked 16% of sources. The associated nonambiguous false positive rate varies between 14 and 18%. Given that recognition rates cannot be expected to be better than the accuracy of the training set, this is believed to be within a few percent of the maximum recognition rates attainable without an observationally verified training set. Decision tree and neural network results are compared and show, within associated errors, substantially equivalent results. Ranking of sources is demonstrated and the highest-ranked sources are in good agreement with visual classifications. In addition to providing determinate expressions for characterizing the target class, the resulting distributions suggest that the automated classifications constrain the target class in a better manner than the visual classifications.