Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines

It has been nearly two decades since guidelines for how much weight a woman should gain during pregnancy were issued by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). In that time, more research has been conducted on the effects of weight gain in pregnancy on the health of both mother and baby. There have also been dramatic changes in the population of women having babies. American women are now a more diverse group; they are having more twin and triplet pregnancies, and they tend to be older when they become pregnant. Women today are also heavier; a greater percentage of them are entering pregnancy overweight or obese, and many are gaining too much weight during pregnancy. Many of these changes carry the added burden of chronic disease, which can put the mother and her baby’s health at risk. Clearly, the time had come to reexamine the guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy issued in 1990 and to determine whether revision was needed to meet the needs of American women today. The Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines undertook this challenge from the perspective that factors that affect pregnancy begin before conception and continue through the first year after delivery. One of the most important modifiers of pregnancy weight gain and its impact on a mother’s and her baby’s health is a woman’s weight at the start of pregnancy. The best available measure of prepregnancy weight, body mass index (BMI, a measure of body fat based on weight and height), has been updated in the new guidelines to the categories developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). In developing the new guidelines, the committee considered not only the welfare of the infant, as was done in 1990, but also the health of the mother. Thus, the new guidelines, shown in Table 1, differ from the previous ones in two important ways. First, they are based on the WHO BMI categories rather than the previous categories from the Metropolitan Life Insurance tables. Second, the new guidelines include a specific and relatively narrow range of recommended gain for obese women. Because positive outcomes are achieved within a range of weight gains, the new guidelines are formulated as a range of weight gain for each category of prepregnancy BMI. A single number cannot accommodate differences such as age, race/ethnicity, or other factors that may affect pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, a range of weight gain is necessary. Women today are heavier; a greater percentage of them are entering pregnancy overweight or obese, and many are gaining too much weight during pregnancy.
School-based Health and Nutrition Programs

The paradigmatic shift in the past decade in our understanding of the role of health and nutrition in school-age children has fundamental implications for the design of effective programs. Improving the health and nutrition of schoolchildren through school-based programs is not a new concept. School health programs are ubiquitous in high-income countries and most middle-income countries. In low-income countries, these programs were a common feature of early, particularly colonial, education systems, where they could be characterized as heavily focused on clinical diagnosis and treatment and on elite schools in urban centers. This situation is changing as new policies and partnerships are being formulated to help ensure that programs focus on promoting health and improving the educational outcomes of children, as well as being socially progressive and specifically targeting the poor, girls, and other disadvantaged children. This evolution reflects five key changes in our understanding of the role of these programs in child development.
The Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of Benha Line Chickens

Benha line chickens (Line B) were originated by crossing the Egyptian native Golden Montazah cocks with the White Leghorn chickens hens. The main aim of this study was to estimate the genetic characterization of Benha Line Chickens compared to Golden Montazah and White Leghorn chickens as parents. In this study, the genomic DNA of B line, Golden Montazah and White Leghorn chickens were extracted to carry out Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using five specific microsatellite markers (MCW0330, MCW0183, MCW0081, MCW0014 and ADL0278). These markers are specific for egg number, egg shell strength, clutch size, breast muscle weight (BMWT), body weight, egg production rate, heat stress and growth. Further, MCW0330 and MCW0081 primers are specific for resistance of Salmonella and Marek's (MD) diseases. Our results confirm that these specific microsatellite markers are specific for the Benha line chickens except the ADL0278 not specific for Benha line chickens. Further, 26 distinct alleles were detected at the five microsatellite markers. Amongst 26 distinct alleles, Benha Line was carried the largest number of specific alleles at five (20.8%), followed by Golden Montazah with two specific alleles (10.5%). In addition to, the polymorphic information content (PIC) and expected heterozygosity (He) for the three chicken populations were calculated. Benha Line chickens were the highest values of PIC and He per locus which were observed at MCW0183, MCW0330 and ADL0278, respectively, and the corresponding lowest were at MCW0014 and MCW0081, respectively. Moreover, chromosomal analysis was carried out and our results confirm that Benha Line chickens have a diploid number of 78 (2n = 78) chromosomes and the majority are microchromosomes.
Bilateral flank ovariectomy in the dog -surgical technique and sequelae in 72 animals

Seventy-two dogs of 27 breeds were ovariec-tomised and followed for six years minimum. Trie technique used was a bilateral surgical flank approach, removing the ovaries and leaving the uterus in situ. The main technical advantages of the technique are the better ovarian exposure, the possible deep placement of the ligatures and the small incisions. The disadvantages are the need to turn the animal, to redrape it and the difficulty in finding the ovarian bursa in some animals as well as the difficulty of removing the uterus when necessary. Post surgical complications were minimal and consisted mainly of seroma formation in 16 dogs (26 per cent) for a maximum of two weeks. In the long term the major complications were weight gain (60 per cent), excessive hair shedding (26 per cent), aggressiveness towards other dogs (22 per cent), sedentary behaviour (29 per cent) and urinary incontinence (18 per cent). The latter started approximately 1–5 years after surgery and occurred periodically in one half and continuously in the other half of the dogs. Over the mean 10 years follow-up period no cases of pyometra occurred.
Glutamate metabolism and supplementation in COPD

Background: Experimental studies indicate that greater skeletal muscle protein breakdown is a trigger for the cachexia that often is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: We compared myofibrillar protein breakdown (MPB) with whole-body (WB) protein breakdown (PB) in 9 cachectic COPD patients [x ± SEM forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 48 ± 4% of predicted], 7 non-cachectic COPD patients (FEV1: 53 ± 5% of predicted) and 7 age-matched healthy control subjects, who were matched by body mass index with the noncachectic patients. Design: After the subjects fasted overnight (10 h) and discontinued the maintenance medication, a primed constant continuous infusion protocol was used to infuse L-[ring-H5]-phenylalanine and L-[ringH2]-tyrosine to measure WB protein turnover and L-[ H3]-3-methylhistidine to measure WB MPB. Three arterialized venous blood samples were taken between 80 and 90 min of infusion to measure amino acid concentrations and tracer enrichments. Results: Body composition, WB protein turnover and WB MPB did not differ significantly between the noncachectic COPD and control subjects. Cachectic COPD patients had lower fat mass and fat-free mass values (both: P < 0.01) than did the noncachectic COPD patients. WB MPB was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the cachectic COPD group (18 ± 3 nmol·kg·min) than in the combined control and noncachectic COPD groups (10 ± 1 nmol·kg·min), but WB protein turnover did not differ significantly between the groups. Correlation with fat-free mass were significant (P < 0.05) for plasma glutamate and branched-chain amino acids, and that for WB MPB trended toward significance (P = 0.07). Conclusion: Cachexia in clinically stable patients with moderate COPD is characterized by increased WB MPB, which indicates that myofibrillar protein wasting is an important target for nutritional and pharmacological modulation.
A Geo-Environmental study of Floral Diversity and its associated Issues in the Dibrugarh University Campus, Dibrugarh, Assam

Species diversity is the number of different species found in a particular area. However, conservation biologist often uses the term species diversity even when they are actually referring to species richness, i.e. to number of present species (Harrison et al., 2004). Dibrugarh district located in the upper Assam is well known for its biological richness. Similarly, the study area i.e., the Dibrugarh University campus is also having a good number of species diversity. The biological diversity found in the study area is often related to its vegetation cover, which is categorized into evergreen, semi-evergreen, deciduous, semi-deciduous and coniferous/alpine/others. The Botanical garden inside the campus has been considered as one of the protected area covering an area of 4.63 hectares. It is famous for rare, valuable trees, fruits, medicinal herbs etc. Apart from that the north eastern part corner of the campus also having some forest covers including a tea garden. The present study involves identification and mapping of species diversity of prominent tree, grass and herbs in selected quadrants available in the study area. Plant communities are classified according to structure of canopy or type (tree, shrub or herbaceous) and dominance of taxa. The study is mainly based on primary data collected for the field study. For density analysis of species, 15 major species are taken for study and area is divided into 200m X 200m grids. The herbaceous plants are identified and analysis through quadrant method. The major 5 selective site are taken for study includes both grazing and non-grazing. Out of 103 herbaceous species there are 35 major species are identified which prominent inside the study area. These species are again classified into two broad i.e. Annual and Perennial. For canopy cover analysis of trees there are major 100 species are taken and average canopy area was measured.
Nutraceuticals as Functional Foods

Nutraceuticals are considered to be fortified or enriched foods providing all the essential nutrients required for maintaining the optimal health. A numerous studies have suggested the potential association of nutraceuticals with diet and health. This article gives a brief review on the classification of nutraceuticals on the basis of the availability of the nutraceutical from the natural sources which is further being processed and proving its medical health benefits in the market. The review also summarizes about the functional nutraceuticals acting as dietary supplements, suggested to have the capacity to significantly contribute to the modulation of the complex mechanisms of disease pathology with a view being that they may be essential in optimizing in vivo defences and help in maintaining wellness. Nonetheless, several more clinical and biological studies are needed to support guidelines for the intake of nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment in specific diseases and its medical benefits.
PERAN KEPUASAAN DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGALAMAN BERBELANJA TERHADAP MINAT BELI KEMBALI

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shopping experience on buying interest, and to know the role of satisfaction in mediating the effect of shopping experience and on the interest in buying back. The study was conducted at Zara Beachwalk with a sample of 95 people who are consumers of Zara's fashion products. The sampling technique used is non probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to consumers of Zara fashion products at Beachwalk. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that shopping experience and satisfaction variables had a positive and significant effect on interest in repurchasing. The results of this study also indicate that the satisfaction variable mediates the influence of shopping experience on partial repurchase interests. The advice that can be given to the management of Zara's fashion products at Beachwalk is that management must be able to create a good shopping experience for consumers so that the satisfaction felt when shopping will increase and consumer buying interest will be high. Keywords: repurchase intention, satisfaction, shopping experience
Um Esquema de Codificação AL-FEC para Recepção Móvel no Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital

An Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) scheme for mobile reception for the Brazilian Digital Television System (SBTVD) is proposed. The mobile reception in the SBTVD is not as effective due to the Doppler effect that occurs when the user is moving. In order not to modify standards already established, it is proposed to implement an AL-FEC scheme based on Raptor codes as a software upgrade in the SBTVD. Simulation results show that proposed scheme provides coding gain with a relatively low cost implementation. Keywords— SBTVD, Raptor Codes, mobile reception, AL-FEC
Fundamentals of Body CT

Part I: Thorax 1. Intro to CT of the Thorax: Chest CT Techniques 2. Mediastinum-Introduction & Normal Anatomy 3. Mediastinum-Vascular Abnormalities 4. Mediastinum- Lymph Node Abnormalities & Masses 5. The Pulmonary Hila 6. Lung Disease 7. Pleura, Chest Wall, and Diaphragm Part II: The Abdomen & Pelvis 8. Introduction to CT of the Abdomen & Pelvis 9. Peritoneal Cavity, Vessels, Nodes, and Abdominal Wall 10. Abdominal Trauma 11. Liver 12. Biliary Tree and Gallbladder 13. Pancreas 14. Spleen 15. Kidneys and Ureters 16. Adrenal Glands 17. Gastrointestinal Tract 18. Pelvis Part III: Musculoskeletal Skeleton 19. CT in Musculoskeletal Trauma 20. CT in Musculoskeletal Nontrauma 21. Incidental Findings
Widening horizons in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) work experience

The need to attract more young people to science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) qualifications continues to be a major concern. Interest in STEM related work experience, as a means to discovering careers in the sector has grown, but there remains considerable potential to expand access for young people to stimulating STEM placements that raise aspirations and widen access to STEM careers. The authors have been involved in work to promote gender equality for a number of years, including the development of a successful work experience scheme directly aimed at challenging gender stereotypes in STEM related employment sectors. The paper outlines some of the challenges and solutions to widening participation in STEM work experience for all young people.
Empleo de Socrative para la evaluación del trabajo previo en asignaturas prácticas de laboratorio

Los estudiantes universitarios de ciencias experimentales suelen acudir a los laboratorios de prácticas sin haberse preparado dicha actividad. Este hecho conlleva a un pobre aprovechamiento de las mismas traduciéndose en una pérdida efectiva del tiempo disponible para la experimentación, y una merma en la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades, entre otros aspectos. Con objeto de solucionar esta problemática, en la presente comunicación, se describe una experiencia consistente en el empleo de cuestionarios on-line mediante la plataforma Socrative para ser utilizados como sistema de evaluación previo para poder acceder al laboratorio. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la estrategia didáctica propuesta hizo que la preparación de los estudiantes al llegar al laboratorio mejorara significativamente, así como la elevada aceptación y satisfacción entre el alumnado por la adopción de este tipo de herramientas.
Palm Oil, Its Nutritional and Health Implications (REVIEW)

Diet for some time now in Nigeria has undergone many changes such as changes in dietary intake of fats and oils. There has been an increasing consumption of partially hydrogenated trans-vegetable oils and a decreasing intake of lauric acid-containing oils. Although popular literature and people generally, usually attribute an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) to elevated levels of serum cholesterol, which in turn are thought to derive from an increased dietary intake of saturated fats and cholesterol. The palm oil and palm kernel oil are high in saturated fatty acids, about 50% and 80% respectively and are esterified with glycerol. In developing countries, vegetable oils are replacing animal fats because of the cost and health concerns. It is reassuring to know that the consumption of palm oil as a source of dietary fat does not pose any additional risks for coronary artery disease when consumed in realistic amounts as part of a healthy diet. However, oxidized palm oil induces reproductive toxicity and organ toxicity particularly of the kidneys, lungs, liver and heart. Therefore, oxidized palm oil should be avoided. © JASEM
Ecocardiografía de estrés en la detección de enfermedad de la arteria descendente anterior en pacientes con infarto de miocardio inferior y test de esfuerzo positivo

Introducción y objetivos. En pacientes con infarto de miocardio inferior (IMI), el descenso del segmento ST en las derivaciones precordiales izquierdas en la prueba de esfuerzo electrocardiográfica (PE-ECG) se ha asociado con enfermedad de la arteria descendente anterior (DA). El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el valor de la ecocardiografía de estrés para detectar enfermedad de la DA en pacientes con IMI y PE-ECG severamente positiva. Métodos. Se seleccionó para el estudio a pacientes con IMI y una PE-ECG positiva que disponían de coronariografía. Se consideró que la PE-ECG severa era positiva si había un descenso significativo del segmento ST en ≥ 3 derivaciones, incluida V5. Se calculó un índice de motilidad regional (IMR) y en cada caso se definió la presencia de isquemia ecocardiográfica en el territorio de la DA (ISQ-DA). Resultados. De 241 pacientes con infarto inferior que realizaron ecocardiografía de estrés se seleccionó a 100, con una edad media de 57 ± 11 años. En total, 38 pacientes tenían lesión significativa de la DA y 75 presentaron una PE-ECG severamente anormal. La eficacia diagnóstica de predecir enfermedad de la DA en pacientes con PE-ECG severa alcanzó una sensibilidad del 74% (60-88), una especificidad del 26% (15-37) y una precisión diagnóstica del 44% (34-54). La ISQ-DA obtuvo una sensibilidad similar (74%), una especificidad mejor (92%; p < 0,001) y una mayor precisión diagnóstica (85%; p < 0,001). El análisis multivariable de variables clínicas y PE-ECG y la ecocardiografía de estrés mostraron como predictores independientes únicamente la edad (odds ratio [OR] = 1,070), un IMI reciente (OR = 0,136) e ISQ-DA (OR = 19,9). Ecocardiografía de estrés en la detección de enfermedad de la arteria descendente anterior en pacientes con infarto de miocardio inferior y test de esfuerzo positivo Ángel M. Alonso-Gómeza, María C. Bellóa, Miguel A. Fernándeza, Alfonso Torresa, Maite Alfagemea, Felipe Aizpurub, José Martínez-Ferrera, Andrés Díaza y Fernando Arósa
Interconnected Medical Devices and their Security Aspects

: With the rapid growth of interconnected technologies in the recent time, the world is going under a huge change. Medical and healthcare sectors are also influenced by the advancement in connected technologies. Internet of Things (IoT) in medical device has played a key role in increasing the facilities which can be provided by the healthcare sector. As the healthcare sector is getting digitalized and millions of interconnected devices would communicate important information, it increases the risk factor and new privacy and security issues would arise. This paper focuses on how secure communication between the devices can be achieved and how a weak link in the chain can turn into disaster. It would also look on the research directions which can be done to strengthen the system.
Traitement percutané d’une cardiomyopathie hypertrophique obstructive

Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente âgee de 62 ans, porteuse d’une cardiomyopathie hypertrophique obstructive (CMH) diagnostiquee en 2006 lors de l’exploration de douleurs angoreuses survenant a l’effort. L’echocardiographie par voie transthoracique realisee a l’epoque identifie une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche asymetrique et limitee a la partie basale du septum interventriculaire. L’epaisseur de ce dernier, mesuree en mode TM en diastole, est de 23 mm. L’etude en Doppler pulse demontre la presence d’un gradient de pression intraventriculaire de 44 mm Hg. A ce moment, la patiente est paucisymptomatique et une attitude conservatrice est preconisee. De 2006 a 2008, la patiente beneficie d’un suivi cardiologique rapproche et de l’instauration d’un traitement medical optimal par un beta-bloquant.
Effects of Recovery using Contrast Water Therapy or Compression Stockings on Subsequent 5-min Cycling Performance

Many researchers have investigated the effectiveness of contrast water therapy (CWT) or compression stockings (CS) during recovery, using subsequent performance as the principal outcome measure. However, data in the literature are contradictory, mainly because of the methodology used. Purpose: Based on well-controlled performance measures, this study aimed to compare the effects of CWT, CS or passive recovery (PR) on subsequent performance. Methods: After inclusion based on reproducibility criteria (intra-participant variability in performance test lower than the expected differences between the recovery interventions, i.e. 1.5%), 12 competitive male cyclists (peak power output: 5.0 Â± 0.2 W/kg; cycling practice: 4.9 Â± 0.4 times/week; intra-participant variability: 1.2 Â± 0.2%) came to the laboratory three times in a random crossover design. Each time visit, they performed a tiring exercise on a cycle ergometer, followed by a 5-min performance test during which the mean power output was recorded, separated by a 15-min recovery period during which a 12-min PR, CWT (1:2 (cold: 10-12Â°C to warm: 36-38Â°C) min ratio) or CS (~20 mmHg) was implemented. Results: Compared with PR (353.8 Â± 13.1 W), performance was significantly higher after CWT (368.1 Â± 12.3 W) and CS (360.5 Â± 14.8 W). Moreover, performance was significantly higher after CWT than after CS. Conclusion: Athletes can use this information as a way of improving their performance in competition format using repeated high-intensity exercises in a short period of time, such as in mountain bike, track or BMX races. Moreover, these data reinforce interest for researchers to consider performance tests with high test-retest reproducibility, especially when small but real benefits are expected.