Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forestry Curricula for the 21st Century—Maintaining Rigor, Communicating Relevance, Building Relationships

T he Society of American Foresters (SAF) defines a curriculum as “the sequence of courses leading to a degree that prepares an individual for entry into the profession of forestry” (SAF 2011, p. 2). How should this sequence of courses be designed to best meet the most important needs of employers and society today and in the future? What are the knowledge areas, skill sets, abilities, and behaviors that are most relevant and that should be emphasized in undergraduate forestry curricula today? The Curricula session at the Berkeley Summit addressed these key questions by comparing results of the forestry education survey by Sample et al. (2015) with SAF accreditation standards for undergraduate degree programs in forestry and by comparing general and technical requirements of forestry degree programs with requirements for natural resource management and environmental science/studies programs. Our objective in comparing forestry with related degree programs was to discuss similarities and differences that can help inform, develop, and design forestry curricula for the 21st century. We also discussed cocurricular and extracurricular actions and activities for student development in undergraduate forestry programs. Participants in the Curricula session were also asked to discuss the attractiveness of the word “forestry” in recruiting students to undergraduate degree programs today; this discussion included the broad, societal context or overall operating environment for forestry academic programs and forestry professionals.
S-Genotyping and Seed Paternity Testing of the Pear Cultivar ‘Celina’

The diploid Celina/QTee® (‘Colorée de Juillet’ × ‘Williams’), one of the most promising pear cultivars developed by the Norwegian breeding program Graminor, was launched in 2010. In Norway, the flowering is medium to late, while the fruits ripen in the beginning of September. The fruits are attractive with an intense red blush (50%) on a green background. Although, ‘Celina’ is cultivated in the most climatically suitable regions for fruit cultivation, present in Norway, unfavorable environmental conditions for pear pollination can have a very negative effect on fruit set and consequent yield. The aim of this study was to determine the S-alleles of ‘Celina’, as well as its frequently used pollinizers, and, through paternity testing of ‘Celina’ seeds, give a recommendation regarding the most important pollinizers of this pear cultivar. In order to accomplish this, ‘Celina’ and its potential pollinizers were all S-genotyped. After harvest, seeds collected from ‘Celina’ fruit in 2017 and 2018 were genotyped using eleven microsatellite markers. Genomic DNA was also extracted from leaf material collected from ‘Celina’, as well as from five pear cultivars used as pollinizers in the three examined orchards, and analyzed using the same marker set. Subsequently a simple sequence repeat (SSR) database was constructed and used for gene assignment analyses with the aim of quantifying pollen donor contribution from individual pollinizers. The obtained results indicate that ‘Anna’, the only examined pollinizer that was fully cross-compatible with ‘Celina’, together with ‘Fritjof’, the genotype which had the highest flowering overlap with ‘Celina’, proved to be the most successful pollinizers across all seasons and orchards. Although both cultivars were ubiquitous in the examined orchards, either as planted trees or as branches introduced during the flowering period, they were the most abundant pollinizers in only one orchard each. It is therefore possible to conclude that pollinizer abundance has a secondary significance in pollinizer success within investigated ‘Celina’ orchards.
Effect of exogenous progesterone on cumulus characteristics of buffalo oocytes by allowing passage of more number of sperm through cumulus but not essentially fertilization

Objective: To understand the level of progesterone (P4) in different quality of buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and further to evaluate the effect of exogenous P4 supplementation on maturation and subsequent developmental ability of poor quality brilliant cresyl blue (BCB- ) COCs. Methods: Progesterone secreted by different quality of buffalo oocytes was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the concentration differences were translated into P4 doses to be incorporated in the maturation medium of BCB-ve COCs followed by expression analysis of genes involved in the cumulus expansion, extracellular matrix disintegration and progesterone receptor signalling. In addition, the study also evaluated the effect of exogenous P4 on sperm-cumulus interaction. Results: More than 10-fold up- regulated expression of progesterone receptor in P4 supplemented oocytes signified that P4 might be acting predominantly through this receptor. Also, exogenous P4 supplementation had significant effect on transcatheter arterial chemoembolization protease regulated by P4- progesterone receptor pathway which in turn had an important role in extracellular matrix disintegration. On the contrary, cumulus expansion genes HAS2, TNFAIP6, AREG were not altered upon P4 supplementation. Also, it was observed that P4 addition did facilitate passage of significantly more number of spermatozoa through P4 treated cumulus cells. Further, incorporation of different doses of P4 did not improve significantly the cleavage and blastocyst rates of BCB-ve COCs. Conclusions: Different qualities of buffalo COCs secrete substantially diverse levels of P4, and its supplementation has a role in oocyte maturation via modulation of cumulus characteristics but perhaps not fertilization.
Systemic Risk: the Effect of Market Confidence

In a crisis, when faced with insolvency, banks can sell stock in a dilutive offering in the stock market and borrow money in order to raise funds. We propose a simple model to find the maximum amount of new funds the banks can raise in these ways. To do this, we incorporate market confidence of the bank together with market confidence of all the other banks in the system into the overnight borrowing rate. Additionally, for a given cash shortfall, we find the optimal mix of borrowing and stock selling strategy. We show the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium point for all these problems. Finally, using this model we investigate if banks have become safer since the crisis. We calibrate this model with market data and conduct an empirical study to assess safety of the financial system before, during after the last financial crisis.
Big Need Not Be Bad: A Case Study of Experiential Leadership Development in Different-Sized Classes

Higher education classes have increased in size at a time of significant resource restrictions for universities. At the same time, employers are looking for graduates with relevant competencies and skills. This poses two key challenges: (1) how to design an experiential curriculum that produces significant skill development and (2) how to ensure that this program is scalable and effective in a large class context. In this case study, we describe the curriculum of a postgraduate experiential learning curriculum focused on leadership development, and report its effectiveness in developing leadership competencies in different-sized large classes. This case study demonstrates that effective large class experiential learning and leadership skills development is possible. We found comparable effectiveness across different-sized classes of up to 130 students. These results were achieved by combining experiential learning, intentional change theory, dedicated and experienced faculty coaches, feedback and coaching in small peer groups, and periodic self- and peer-evaluations. We observed that class size may differentially affect the effectiveness of experiential learning for leadership competency development at different stages of a course. Practical implications for course design and delivery are discussed, with a focus on the curriculum design elements that help make large class experiential learning impactful and manageable.
Infeksi Cacing Hymenolepis Nana dan Hymenolepis Diminuta pada Tikus dan Cecurut di Area Pemukiman Kabupaten Banyumas

The occurrence of zoonotic helminths in rats and shrews constitute serious public health risks as these animals commonly cohabit with humans, and are natural reservoirs of some helminth infections of public health importance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hymenolepis diminuta and H. nana in rats and shrew and analyze the different presence of zoonotic helminth’s eggs based on species, sex and sexual maturity of rats and shrew in Banyumas District. Using cross-sectional design , this observational study was conducted on 5 - 14 May 2014. The trapped rats and shrews were screened for the two zoonotic helminths from the caecum of rats and shrews by the simple floatation technique. Collected data were analyzed descriptively. Results showed that out of 55 rats and shrew in Beji village 20.00 % were infected with H. diminuta and 9.09 % with H. nana, whereas out of 49 rats and shrew in Kedung Pring village 18.37 % were infected with H. n ana and no H. dimunta infection were found . Infection of H. diminuta and H. nana in rats was considered to be of immense public health significance in human population who easily get infected as these animals commonly cohabit with humans
Legitimising a ‘zombie idea’: childhood vaccines and autism – the complex tale of two judgments on vaccine injury in Italy

Abstract The impact of ‘bad’ science on judicial decision-making is a thorny aspect of the relationship between science and law. This study employs doctrinal and empirical analysis to explore two Italian judgments that asserted a causal link between childhood vaccines and autism. Using a combination of actor–network theory and legal pragmatism, we uncovered a network of actors and institutions internal and external to the legal system enabling these impactful decisions that went on to contribute to a crisis in vaccination coverage in Italy. These include trial strategies, resources, communication practices between arms of government, awareness and responsiveness of institutional actors, and institutional mechanisms governing the integration of scientific expertise into the legal process. By forensically analysing how a ‘zombie idea’ received a patent of legitimacy in the Italian context, this study provides useful lessons for legal systems grappling with complex and contested public health matters.
Suppression of ovarian activity in a captive African Lion Panthera leo after deslorelin treatment

Abstract: With the intent to evaluate the efficiency of a contraceptive treatment for cyclic ovarian suppression in African Lionesses Panthera leo using a Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist bioimplant, noninvasive fecal steroid assay associated with the observation of the behavioral estrus were employed for a period of 36 months. Five captive adult females, maintained with a vasectomized male, subcutaneously received a 9.4mg deslorelin acetate implant. The treatment initially stimulated behavioral estrus along with ovarian activity, demonstrated by an estrogen increase in two lionesses. A rise in progesterone concentration in two other animals suggested possible treatment-induced ovulation. After the initial period, deslorelin prevented ovarian activity for at least 22 months. Two females exhibited signs of behavioral estrus after 22 and 31 months. A third lioness with an increased estrogen concentration did not exhibit behavioral estrus signs or a consequent progesterone surge until 33 months after implantation, suggesting a possible resumption of ovarian activity. One female did not exhibit any behavioral estrus signs nor a rise in steroid levels after the “treatment-induced” estrus throughout the entire experiment (36 months). One lioness died after 15 months without exhibiting signs of estrus or an increased progesterone level, however, the estrogen concentration increased 12 months post-implantation, suggesting resumed ovarian activity. The study showed that long-term treatment with a GnRH agonist can be extremely effective as a contraceptive treatment in African lionesses, however, the duration of contraception may vary among individuals and may bear the risk of permanent loss of normal ovarian activity.
Climate variability and community stability in Mediterranean shrublands: the role of functional diversity and soil environment

Understanding how different factors mediate the resistance of communities to climatic variability is a question of considerable ecological interest that remains mostly unresolved. This is particularly remarkable to improve predictions about the impact of climate change on vegetation. Here, we used a trait‐based approach to analyse the sensitivity to climatic variability over 9 years of 19 Mediterranean shrubland communities located in southwest Spain. We evaluated the role of functional diversity (FD) and soil environment as drivers of community stability (assessed as changes in plant cover, species diversity and composition). The studied shrubland communities were strongly sensitive to inter‐annual variability in climate. First, colder and drier conditions caused remarkable decreases in total plant cover but increased FD, likely because the reduction of plant cover after harsh climatic conditions promoted the expansion of functionally dissimilar species in the new open microsites; although communities returned to their initial values of plant cover after nine years, changes in FD and structure persisted over time. Second, drier and colder conditions favoured the predominance of shrubs with a conservative resource‐use strategy (i.e. with higher dry matter content in leaves, stems and roots), bigger seeds and a more efficient use of water. The most functionally diverse communities were the most stable over time in terms of species diversity, likely because a higher number of functionally dissimilar species allowed compensatory dynamics among them. Communities inhabiting more acidic and resource‐limited environments were less variable over time, probably because they were mainly constituted by slow‐growth, stress‐tolerant species that are potentially better adapted to harsh climatic conditions. Synthesis. This study highlights the utility of a trait‐based approach to evaluate how plant communities respond to climatic variability. We could infer that the increased frequency of extreme climatic events predicted by climatic models will alter the functional structure of shrubland communities, with potential repercussions for ecosystem functioning. Our results also provide new insights into the role of FD and soil environment as buffers of the climate impact on woody communities, as well as potentially useful information to be applied in ecologically based management and restoration strategies.
On the Origin and Differentiation of Melanophores in Zebrafish, Danio rerio

8 Zusammenfassung . 11 OVERVIEW 1 . 14 Aim of this thesis: . 19 INTRODUCTION 2 . 20 The Neural Crest . 20 2.1 Discovery . 20 2.2 Identification of neural crest cells . 22 2.3 Neural crest formation . 24 2.4 Neural crest migration . 25 2.5 Formation of the dorsal root ganglia . 28 2.6 Neural crest gene regulatory network . 30 2.7 Derivatives of neural crest . 34 2.8 Haploid is just not enough – at least in mammals . 35
A survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in livestock in Republic of Kosova.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Kosova. The aim of our study was to detect the IgG and IgM antibodies to CCHF virus in cattle and sheep in endemic and non-endemic areas of Kosova. In total sera of 172 cattle and 95 sheep were tested by the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IIA) for quantitative determination of antibodies to CCHF virus. Seven of 172 cattle sera (4.07%) and three of 95 sheep sera (3.16%) tested positive for IgG, but IgM were detected in the serum of only one sheep. The results of this study confirmed the fact that CCHF is endemic in four municipalities of Kosova and that there is a risk of the spread of viruses to other non-endemic regions through the movement of infected animals.
Knowledge Awareness and Perception about Osteoporosis among Housekeeping Employees – A Survey

Osteoporosis is a serious health concern that affects millions of people around the world, and India is not an exception. Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in the bone fragility and increased susceptibility to trauma fractures. Awareness and perceptions of belief and susceptibility in the seriousness of a disease can help in its prevention and control. It includes a questionnaire based study. The survey was conducted among 150 housekeeping employees of age group 45 and above from a private college. The results were obtained and statistically analysed through SPSS software, chi square test was done to check the association and a p value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. Osteoporosis is considered to be the most common skeletal disorder affecting humans with high prevalence, worldwide. About 73% of employees were aware of osteoporosis in which 45% of women had experienced bone pain and fracture. Fracture is one of the most serious consequences of osteoporosis that hinders the patient’s quality of life. About 75% of employees have moderate awareness about low calcium or high salt intake and family history predispose a person to osteoporosis. The current study concluded that the knowledge on osteoporosis risk factors, exercise and calcium intake among housekeeping employees could be considered moderate. Furthermore, education of the public regarding prevention of osteoporosis must be incorporated in the health services.
Perceptions for school-based caring among parents of children with chronic disease: An integrative review

Summary: This study was integrative reviewed by Whittemore and Knalf’s five stage This study was integrative reviewed by Whittemore and Knalf’s five stage. This synthesis of key findings extracted four themes that were identified: systematic approaches under policies, qualified contents and effective facilitation of school-based program, advocacy, school-parent partnership. References: • Miller, G. F. , Coffield, E. , Leroy, Z. , & Wallin, R. (2016). Prevalence and costs of five chronic conditions in children. J Sch Nurs, 32(5), 357-364. doi: 10.1177/1059840516641190 • Whittemore, R. , & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. J Adv Nurs, 52(5), 546-553. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005. 03621.x • JBI. (2017a). JbI critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross sectional studies Retrieved 1 December, 2018, from http://joannabriggs.org/research/critical-appraisaltools.html • JBI. (2017b). JbI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research Retrieved 1 December, 2018, from http://joannabriggs.org/research/critical-appraisal-tools.html • Moher, D. , Liberati, A. , Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The prisma statement. Bmj, 339, b2535. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2535 First Primary Presenting Author Primary Presenting Author Ju-Yeon Uhm, PhD Pukyong National University Department of Nursing Assistant Professor Busan Korea, Republic of (South) Author Summary: Present: Assistant professor, Major in Fundamentals of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea. Past: Assistant professor, Department of Nursing, Daegu Haany University; Registered Nurse, Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea. Second Secondary Presenting Author Corresponding Secondary Presenting Author Mi-Young Choi, PhD Chungbuk National University Associate Professor Cheongju Korea, Republic of (South) Author Summary: Present: Associate professor, Major in Pediatric nursing, Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk University, Republic of Korea. Past: Registered Nurse, Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea. Third Author Myoung Soo Kim, PhD Pukyong National University Department of Nursing Professor Nam-Gu Busan Korea, Republic of (South) Author Summary: Present: Professor, Major in Nursing Management, Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea. Past: Professor, Department of Nursing, Ulsan College; Registered Nurse, Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea.
Do pre-hospital physicians improve mortality in major trauma patients? A systematic review

Background Optimal pre-hospital care systems contribute to improvements in trauma survival. The presence of pre-hospital physicians (PHPs) is reported to increase survival in traumatic brain injury, yet the effects of PHPs on outcomes for all trauma patients is currently unreported. The objective of this systematic review was to compare trauma mortality for patients treated by a PHP with those treated by a non-medical pre-hospital practitioner (NMPHP). Methods A systematic literature search (Medline, Embase, and CINAHL) was performed, on 10th March 2020, to identify original studies comparing the mortality for trauma patients treated by a PHP with those treated by a NMPHP published between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2019. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using Grade of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results The search revealed 6,296 studies and 14 met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 42,479 patients. Unadjusted mortality suggested a higher mortality for the physician cohort in four studies and no difference in six. However, patients treated by physicians had higher Injury Severity Scores and where adjusted mortality was provided several studies showed a mortality benefit for physicians. Conclusion This systematic review did not demonstrate a mortality benefit from pre-hospital physicians attending major trauma patients. However, those with higher Injury Severity Scores may benefit from the presence of a PHP. Identifying this patient cohort in the pre-hospital setting to ensure appropriate resource use requires further evaluation.
Enhanced plasticity of mature granule cells reduces survival of newborn neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus

Dentate granule cells are born throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. The integration of newborn neurons into the dentate circuit is activity-dependent, and structural data characterizing synapse formation suggested that the survival of adult-born granule cells is regulated by competition for synaptic partners. Here we tested this hypothesis by using a mouse model with genetically enhanced plasticity of mature granule cells through temporally controlled expression of a nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (NIPP1*). Using thymidine analogues and retrovirus-mediated cell labeling, we show that synaptic integration and subsequent survival of newborn neurons is decreased in NIPP1*-expressing mice, suggesting that newborn neurons compete with preexisting granule cells for stable integration. The data presented here provides experimental evidence for a long-standing hypothesis and suggest cellular competition as a key mechanism regulating the integration and survival of newborn granule cells in the adult mammalian hippocampus.