Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
11. Mobile Phone Dependency

Nancy A. Cheever, and L. Mark Carrier. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Two weeks ago, I (MD) checked my phone three times when I thought I had heard a message notification but I really had not. Twice I thought I heard a ding while my phone was sitting on the kitchen counter, a few feet from where I stood, and once I thought I felt it vibrate while I was carrying it in my bag. Each time that I checked my phone but saw no notifications of a new call or message, I was somewhat perplexed. I have heard many tales of phantom vibration syndrome (PVS), and I have even studied it, but until then I had never really experienced it. As our recent work (Drouin, Kaiser, & Miller, 2012) has shown that the experience of phantom vibrations is related to cell phone dependency, I started to wonder what these phantom vibrations really meant. Was I addicted to my cell phone? I do sleep with it beside my bed; however, it is turned off. Most days it is near me (within a few feet), but sometimes I do not even know where it is until I have to leave the house. I try to return text messages immediately, but sometimes it takes days. Is this an addiction? Am I going to experience PVS all of the time? I thought . I pondered . I wondered . for about 30 seconds. (Because we do live in a fast‐paced society, and I do not have time to dwell.) Then, as most psychologists would probably do, I thought about my recent circumstances – a new phone with Internet and new mobile applications (e.g., WhatsApp) that had an array of different sounds for their notifications (novelty) and a sister backpacking in Panama with me as her only contact (stress). I rationalized that my experience of PVS was circumstantial – an ephemeral anomaly – that would be gone as quickly as it came. And I was correct: I have not experienced phantom vibrations since. Although I have determined that I have neither mobile phone addiction nor (at present) any of its symptoms, there are many people worldwide who do. In this chapter, we will present recent statistics on mobile phone use and then discuss a variety of topics related to problematic mobile phone use. Mobile Phone Dependency What’s All the Buzz About? Michelle Drouin, Daren Kaiser, and Daniel A. Miller
Delayed and Restricted Expression Limits Putative Instructional Opportunities of Vγ1.1/Vγ2 γδ TCR in αβ/γδ Lineage Choice in the Thymus

Development of αβ and γδ T cells depends on productive rearrangement of the appropriate TCR genes and their subsequent expression as proteins. TCRβ and TCRγδ proteins first appear in DN3 and DN4 thymocytes, respectively. So far, it is not clear whether this is due to a delayed expression of TCRγδ proteins or to a more rapid progression to DN4 of thymocytes expressing TCRγδ. The answer to this question bears on the distinction between instructive and stochastic models of αβ/γδ lineage decision. To study this question, we first monitored initial TCR protein expression in wild-type and TCR transgenic mice in reaggregate thymic organ cultures. A TCRβ transgene was expressed in nearly all DN3 and DN4 cells, accelerated DN3 to DN4 transition, and strongly diminished the number of cells that express TCRγδ proteins. In contrast, TCRγδ transgenes were expressed only in a fraction of DN4 cells, did not accelerate DN3 to DN4 transition, and did not reduce the number of DN4 cells expressing TCRβ proteins. The TCRβ transgene partially inhibited endogenous TCRγ rearrangements, whereas the TCRγδ transgenes did not inhibit endogenous TCRβ rearrangements. Second, we analyzed frequencies of productive TCRβ and TCRγδ V(D)J junctions in DN3 and DN4 subsets. Most importantly, frequencies of productive TCRγδ rearrangements (Vδ5, Vγ1.1, and Vγ2) appeared unselected in DN3. The results suggest a late and restricted expression of the corresponding γδTCR, severely limiting their putative instructional opportunities in αβ/γδ divergence.
Cognitive Therapy in Substance Abuse

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is a system of psychotherapy which is focused and problem oriented, based on theories of pathological i~format ion processing, directed primarily at modfying distorted or maladaptive cognition and related behavioural dysfunctions. Although the use of specific techniques is a major feature of this approach, there can be considerable flexibility and creativity in the clinical application of cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy model places greatest emphasis on the learning process and the influence of the contingencies and models in the environment while underscoring the centrality of the individual's mediatinginformation-processing style in the development and remedation of psychological distress.
Available phosphorus levels in diets for 30 to 60 kg female pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining calcium and available phosphorus ratio

With the objective to evaluate levels of available phosphorus (aP) in diets for pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining the calcium and available phosphorus ratio, it was used 50 commercial hybrid female pigs with initial weight of 30.32 ± 0.29 kg, distributed in a complete randomized experimental design, with five treatments, five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and four diets obtained by supplementation of basal diet with dicalcium phosphate, resulting in diets with 0.144; 0.224; 0.304; 0.384 and 0.464% of aP. Calcium levels were adjusted by varying the quantities of limestone in the diets. There was no effect of aP on both daily feed intake and feed conversion. Levels of aP affected daily weight gain which increased quadratically up to the estimated level of 0.372%. There was no effect of aP on quantity of phosphorus in the bones. The quantity of calcium in the bones and percentage of ash in the bones were influenced in an increasing linear way by the aP in the rations. The best result of weight gain of swine females, from 30 to 60 kg, genetically selected for meat deposition, is provided by the level of available phosphorus of 0.372%, which corresponds to a relationship with calcium of 2.06:1 and to a daily intake of 8.20 g of available phosphorus.
Essential amino acid requirements of meat and milk goats

The essential amino acid (EAA) profile of the Boer goat and Saanen kids was investigated. The EAA composition of the components differed from the whole empty body (WEB) concentration. No significant differences between the two species WEB EAA composition were found. Therefore, the average empty body EAA composition (g EAA/100 g crude protein) for goats was as follows: 5.65 arginine; 2.69 histidine; 2.94 isoleucine; 7.86 leucine; 6.83 lysine; 1.83 methionine; 3.04 phenylalanine; 5.55 threonine; 4.86 valine. This composition can serve as the ideal EAA requirements for growth in meat and milk goats.
Comunidades de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares associados ao amendoim forrageiro em pastagens consorciadas no Estado do Acre, Brasil

The purpose of this study was to identify the autochthonous communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Arachis pintoi and estimate its diversity. Samples of soil were collected in a Field at Rio Branco, AC. The sampling was carried out in seven areas, being collected four samples from soil in each area, in a depth of 0-10cm, in dry season (June 2004) and rainy season (January 2005). The areas cultivated with A. pintoi were: monoculture, grass pasture and others legumes intercropped, coffee plant under cover of A. pintoi, besides brush and forest adjacent like a control. It was verified the occurrence of 21 species of AMF in the two seasons, 18 species in the dry period and 16 in the rainy. The species were distributed in five genres: Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellospora. The densities of spores were higher in A. pintoi x Brachiaria brizantha x Pueraria phaseoloides intercropped and lowest in the areas of A. pintoi x coffee plants, brush and forest. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in the rainy season (15 to 63%) than in the dry season (5 to 37%). The diversity indices in monoculture were similar to those of other areas evaluated, indicating that the A. pintoi serves as host of AMF of different species and that its cultivation may increase the presence of these organisms in production systems, improving the biological soil quality.
Toxicity of silver sulfide‐spiked sediments to the freshwater amphipod (Hyalella azteca)

Natural freshwater sediments were spiked in the laboratory with silver sulfide (Ag2S), and semistatic toxicity tests were conducted with a series of sediment silver (Ag) concentrations ranging from 1.27 to 753.3 mg/kg of sediment. Water was added to glass beakers containing either the Ag2S‐amended or the control sediment. Each of the Ag2S‐amended and control sediments was tested in replicates of eight. Ten juvenile Hyalella azteca were added to each beaker at test start. The overlying water was renewed twice daily. The 10‐d 50% lethal concentration value for Ag as Ag2S for H. azteca was determined to be >753.3 mg/kg, the highest analyzed concentration tested. There were no statistically significant differences in survival rates of H. azteca exposed to any of the Ag2S‐amended sediments when compared to the control. In addition, there were no concentration–response trends for mean survival or average dry weight data from this study, indicating that this form of silver was not bioavailable under these conditions.
Male parental care, female reproductive success, and extrapair paternity

Birds differ considerably in the degree of male parental care, and it has been suggested that interspecific variation in extrapair paternity is determined by the relative importance of benefits to females from male parental care and good genes from extrapair sires. I estimated the relationship between extrapair paternity and the importance of male parental care for female reproductive success mainly based on male removal studies, using a comparative approach. The reduction in female reproductive success caused by the absence of a male mate was positively correlated with the male contribution to feeding offspring. The frequency of extrapair paternity was negatively related to the reduction in female reproductive success caused by the absence of a mate. This was also the case when potentially confounding variables such as developmental mode of offspring and sexual dichromatism were considered. A high frequency of extrapair paternity occurs particularly in bird species in which males play a minor role in offspring provisioning and in which attractive males provide relatively little parental care. Bird species with frequent extrapair paternity thus appear to be those in which direct fitness benefits from male care are small, females can readily compensate for the absence of male care, and indirect fitness benefits from extrapair sires are important.
Indian Currency Identification Using Image Processing

The paper currency recognition always depends on the currency note characteristics of a particular country and the extraction of different features directly affects the ability of currency recognition. The currency has great significance in today's life and may be because the Indian currency recognition is a great area of interest. It is very complex to count different denomination notes in a bunch. This paper proposes an image processing technique for the identification of Indian currency. First we acquire the image using simple scanner or digital camera with a particular size. We use different methods for Indian currency identification like shape recognition, feature extraction and digit recognition. The characteristics extraction is performed on the given images of the currency and it is compared with the characteristics of the original currency. The image processing approach is discussed with MATLB to detect the features of Indian currency. Image processing involves the changing of nature of an image in order to improve its quality of information for human interpretation. The result will be the identification of Indian currency.
Toxins produced by Pseudomonas glumae.

Two compounds which were identified as fervenulin and toxoflavin were isolated as toxins produced by Pseudomonas glumae, the causal agent of bacterial grain rot of rice. These toxins produced a chlorotic spot on leaves of rice seedlings at a concentration of about 10μg/ml or more. It was also observed that the growth of leaves and roots of rice seedlings was reduced when they were treated with these toxins.
The 1.6 Å Resolution Crystal Structure of Nuclear Transport Factor 2 (NTF2)

Nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) facilitates protein transport into the nucleus and interacts with both the small Ras-like GTPase Ran and nucleoporin p62. We have determined the structure of bacterially expressed rat NTF2 at 1.6 A resolution using X-ray crystallography. The NTF2 polypeptide chain forms an α + β barrel that opens at one end to form a distinctive hydrophobic cavity and its fold is homologous to that of scytalone dehydratase. The NTF2 hydrophobic cavity is a candidate for a potential binding site for other proteins involved in nuclear import such as Ran and nucleoporin p62. In addition, the hydrophobic cavity contains a putative catalytic Asp-His pair, which raises the possibility of an unanticipated enzymatic activity of the molecule that may have implications for the molecular mechanism of nuclear protein import.
Benefit Segmentation for Restaurant Advertising that Works. Robert C. Lewis. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 3, November 1980, pp. 6-12. School of Hotel Administration, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. $5

Study of the Travel Industry’s Incentives in Guatemala and EI Salvador. Carlos Lizama and Jose Exprua. Costa Rica Tourism Board, P.O. Box 777, San Jose, Costa Rica. October 1978. 62p. Readers are encouraged to submit items for inclusion in the Travel Research Bookshelf All items submitted should include the author, title, source of availability, length, and pnce Anyone wishing copies of the materials listed in the Travel Research Bookshelf should write to the source indicated and not to the Journal of Travel Research.
Interrelationships Among Leisure Participation, Leisure Satisfaction and Leisure Attitudes. Mounir G. Ragheb. Journal of Leisure Research, vol. 12, no. 2, Second Quarter 1980, pp. 138-149. National Recreation and Park Association, 1601 North Kent Street, Arlington, Virginia 22209. $3.75

The four-day work week and other forms of rearranged and flexible schedules change the flow and pattern of a person’s work and leisure. This reshaping of the experience of leisure time was investigated for people who are currently working on a four-day, fortyhour schedule by asking them how they used their time. Five dimensions of leisure time usage emerged from a factor-analytic technique and were analyzed to determine how individual differences impacted on perceptions of leisure time. Several patterns were found, including (1) males and people with incomes above the median used more of their time for self-development, (2) single persons and people aged 18-23 were higher on the &dquo;need for activity&dquo; factor and lower on the &dquo;active at home&dquo; factor, (3) people who responded that they
Hydrolysis and degradation of esterified phenolic acids from the maize cell wall by rumen microbial species

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Hydrolysis and degradation of esterified phenolic acids from the maize cell wall by rumen microbial species I Giraud, Jm Besle, G Fonty
Estimation of human equivalent exposure from rat inhalation toxicity study of silver nanoparticles using multi-path particle dosimetry model

Respiratory tract dosimetry is a useful tool to estimate the exposure concentrations of an inhaled substance that will produce the same result at a target site of the respiratory tract in both rats and humans. Thus, to enable the results of animal inhalation studies to be extrapolated to human equivalent exposure levels, the MPPD (multi-path particle dosimetry) model was used to estimate the differences in the respiratory dosimetry of rats and humans. In our previous study, when animals were subchronically exposed to silver nanoparticles over a period of 90 days, a no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 100 μg m−3 was suggested. Therefore, this study used results from a previous animal study, including the test aerosol information and estimated clearance rate of silver nanoparticles after a 90 day inhalation toxicity test. As a result, the human equivalent workplace exposure concentration of silver nanoparticles was estimated as 59 μg m−3 compared to the rat NOAEL of 100 μg m−3.
Physiological susceptibility and hygienic behaviour affect chalkbrood disease incidence in worker and drone larvae in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Summary Chalkbrood disease is a mycosis of honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae caused by the heterothallic fungus Ascophaera apis. In infected colonies it is often found that drone larvae are more affected than worker larvae and this difference is attributed to the higher probability of chilling of drone brood. Given the great differences found between worker and drone larvae, however, it would be expected to find differential physiological resistance to chalkbrood disease. Additionally, if hygienic behaviour of adult bees (uncapping of cells containing dead brood and its subsequent removal) is expressed differently in worker and drone cells, it may differentially affect the proportion of mummified larvae of each sex. The goal of this research was to determine how physiological resistance and hygienic behaviour affect chalkbrood incidence in worker and drone larvae. Firstly, the proportion of worker and drone larvae mummified after receiving food containing A. apis spores was determined. Then hygienic behaviour in relation to dead brood of both sexes was evaluated. It was found that drone larvae mummify and have fruiting bodies in a greater proportion than worker larvae and that hygienic behaviour is more efficient in relation to worker rather than drone cells. These results indicate that physiological susceptibility and hygienic behaviour are two factors that could explain satisfactorily the greater proportion of mummified drones found in diseased colonies.
Carbon Fixation Profiles Do Reflect Light Absorption Profiles in Leaves

Bifacial leaves contain an array of chloroplasts which are aligned along cell walls adjacent to intercellular airspaces. Cells beneath the adaxial (upper) surface are generally cylindrical in shape, forming palisade tissue and contain chloroplasts that have characteristics associated with acclimation to high irradiance. Conversely, cells near the abaxial (lower) surface are irregular in shape, forming spongy tissue and contain chloroplasts that have characteristics associated with acclimation to low irradiance. This results in a gradient of declining photosynthetic capacity per unit chlorophyll with increasing depth into the leaf. Space irradiance declines dramatically through the leaf. The profile of light absorption through the leaf has yet to be measured, but should approximate the product of space irradiance and pigment profiles. Since pigment content is highest in the middle of the leaf, light absorption peaks about one quarter of the way through the leaf. The response of leaf photosynthetic rate to irradiance reflects the interaction between the profiles of light absorption and chloroplast characteristics. Quantum yield (mol CO2 mol-1 quanta absorbed) varies for different layers in the leaf because the profile of Rubisco content per unit chlorophyll is not as steep as the light absorption profile. This skews the profile of carbon fixation away from the light absorption profile, favouring greater fixation in deeper layers. Nishio, Sun and Vogelmann (1993, Plant Cell 5, 953-961) measured profiles of 14C fixation across spinach leaves and concluded that carbon fixation was disconnected from the light gradient. Reanalysis of their data shows that carbon fixation is remarkably consistent with light absorption obeying the Beer- Lambert law when allowance is made for chlorophyll and Rubisco profiles through the leaf. This interpretation is supported by chlorophyll fluorescence properties of adaxial and abaxial surfaces. An apparent extinction coefficient of about 1500 m2 (mol Chl)-1 could be derived from leaf data which compares with 2230 m2 (mol Chl)-1 for pigment-protein complexes in solution. A possible test for this analysis would be to measure the 14C fixation profile of leaves illuminated on their abaxial surface.
Topological Algorithms for Geographic and Geometric Graphs

Author(s): Gupta, Siddharth | Advisor(s): Eppstein, David; Goodrich, Michael T | Abstract: We study some geographic and geometric graphs namely road networks and clustered graphs from topological viewpoint, i.e., we consider them as embedded graphs, graphs in which the ordering of edges (clockwise or anti-clockwise) incident on each vertex is uniquely defined. A road network is a graph with a vertex at each intersection of roads and an edge for each segment of road between the intersections. A clustered graph is a graph whose vertices belong to properly nested clusters. We present algorithms and models for some problems related to road networks and clustered graphs.The first problem we consider is how a road network has evolved over time, given two snapshots from different dates. These graph can also have geometric/geographic information, such as the GPS coordinates of some vertices or labels identifying road names. As there can be vertices and edges without such geometric/geographic information, we take a strictly topological approach for the problem. We propose an algorithm, which runs in polynomial time for non degenerate-road networks, and outputs portions of the network that remained intact and also points out added or removed portions. We also analyze our algorithm experimentally taking US road network data from the TIGER/Line archive of the U.S. Census Bureau as input data set and show that our algorithm produces good results in practice.In the second problem, we study the non-planar properties of road networks. We normally consider road networks as planar graph but they are actually non-planar due to non-intersecting crossings caused by overpass, underpass, or tunnel. We provide a mathematical model of nearly-planar graphs and show that the non-planar graphs that fit this model do have polynomial expansion, i.e., they and all their subgraphs have small separators. We also analyze the Urban Road Network Data set and show that the model is indeed a good fit for non-planar road networks.Finally, we investigate the C-Planarity problem which asks for drawing of a clustered graph in which each cluster is represented by a simple closed region with no edge-edge crossings, no region-region crossings, and no unnecessary edge-region crossings. We study C-Planarity for embedded flat clustered graphs, embedded graphs whose clusters partition the vertex set. We provide a subexponential-time algorithm to test C-Planarity for these graphs when the face size is bounded. Further, we also study a variation of tree decomposition in which, for each face, including the outer face, there is a bag that contains every vertex of the face. We show that C-Planarity is fixed-parameter tractable with the embedded-width of the underlying graph and the number of disconnected clusters as parameters.