Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing of antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section: retrospective, difference-in-differences estimation of the effect on surgical-site-infection

Abstract Background: Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. Surgical-site-infection (SSI) occurs in approximately 5–10% of CS. The benefit of prophylactic antibiotics for prevention of SSI has been demonstrated in the literature. The optimal timing of antibiotic prophylaxis (prior to surgical incision versus after cord clamping) was investigated in recent studies. In January 2014, the Israeli Ministry of Health introduced a national quality measure which monitors the administration of prophylactic antibiotics in CS. The custom clinical practice in our medical center was to administer prophylactic antibiotics immediately after cord clamping. Upon introduction of the national quality measurement program, the practice was changed to administration of antibiotics prior to surgical incision. Our objective was to examine the effect of timing of prophylactic antibiotics administration on the incidence of SSI following CS, in a single medical center that performs a large volume of deliveries, with a low rate of CS. Material and methods: Taking advantage of a discrete change in clinical practice, we used retrospective data and applied difference-in-differences design to estimate the effect of the timing of prophylactic antibiotics administration on SSI rates. The analysis included all CSs performed during 2012–2015 and all hysterectomies conducted during the study period. Results: The coverage rates of prophylactic antibiotics in CS before and after the policy change were 99.10% and 99.03%, respectively. The rates of SSI following CS, before and after the policy change, were 2.63% (n = 2499) and 2.32% (n = 3840), respectively. The rates of SSI following hysterectomy, before and after the policy, change were 6.82% (n = 396) and 7.09% (n = 437), respectively. Difference-in-differences (DID) estimates of the effect of policy change on the incidence of SSI in linear and logistic regression models were not significant (B = −0.6%, p = .64; odds ratio = 0.84, p = .58, respectively). Conclusions: We found no effect of the timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration (prior to surgical incision versus after cord clamping) on SSI rates following CS.
Correlation between oral toxicity and in vitro stability of Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes

The in vitro sensitivity to acid and pepsin differed markedly among Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes. The larger the molecular size of the toxin, the higher the resistance to these agents. Tye B derivative toxin was rapidly inactivated, but the progenitor toxins resisted in vitro exposure to rat intestinal juice. The molecular dissociation of the progenitor toxins did not occur in rat intestinal juice of pH 7.0, but did occur in a buffer solution of the same pH. The oral toxicity may depend mostly on the stability of toxin molecules in the stomach and, to a less extent, in the intestine. The present results seem to justify the conclusion that C. botulinum type A and B progenitor toxins with molecular sizes larger than 16S are more potent oral toxins than 12S progenitor toxins.
Influence of Mechanical Bending on Flexible InGaZnO-Based Ferroelectric Memory TFTs

Future flexible electronic systems require memory devices combining low-power operation and mechanical bendability. Here, we present mechanically flexible amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) memory thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] gate insulator. Memory operation is demonstrated with a memory window of 3.2 V and a memory ON/OFF ratio of 1.5×106 (gate-source voltage sweep of ±6 V). The measured mobility of 8 cm2 V-1s-1 and the ON/OFF current ratio of 107 are comparable with the values for reference TFTs fabricated on the same substrate. To use memory TFTs in flexible applications, it is crucial to understand their behavior under mechanical strain. Flexible memory and reference TFTs are characterized under bending radii down to 5.5 mm, corresponding to tensile and compressive strain of ≈ ±0.6%. For both memory and reference TFTs, tensile strain causes negative threshold voltage shifts and increased drain currents, whereas compressive strain results in the opposite effects. However, memory TFTs, compared with reference TFTs, exhibit up to 8× larger threshold voltage shifts and 17× larger drain current variations. It is shown that the strain-dependent properties of a-IGZO can only explain the shifts observed in reference TFTs, whereas the variations in memory TFTs are mainly caused by the piezoelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE).
Joint GSVD-SVD precoding and power allocation for security of AF MIMO relay networks

In this paper, we investigate the security issue of a two-hop amplify-and-forward MIMO wireless relay networks in the existence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper. The optimal scheme to achieve the secrecy capacity involves a non-convex optimization and is still an open problem. Aiming to find an efficient way to enhance the secrecy rate, we propose a suboptimal joint source and relay linear precoding scheme. In the scheme, the source node adopt a generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) based precoding to transmit the signal in the first phase, and the relay node forwards the received signal based on SVD in the null-space of the wiretap channel in the second phase. Power allocations in both phases are optimized to maximize the secrecy rate. An alternating iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The algorithm is computationally efficient and guarantees to converge to a local optimum. Numerical evaluation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the iterative algorithm and the proposed secrecy scheme.
The Role of Feedback Types on False Memory in Children and Adolescents

Despite the large number of studies published in the area of false memory, not many have looked into the malleability of a witness’s confidence levels in relation to the susceptibility of false memories to feedback. This experiment aimed to examine the effects of postidentification feedback on witness confidence levels and retrospective memory evaluations in children aged 8 years old (N=30) and adolescents aged between18 to 19 years old (N=60). Each participant is asked to watch a crime scene video reconstruction of a theft. They are, then, asked to identify the suspect. Participants are given either positive, negative, or no feedback after the suspect identification. Results show that there are significant effects from feedback on the participants’ levels of confidence and retrospective memory evaluations. The age factor also has a significant effect on participants’ recall of the clarity of detail of a suspect’s face and their attention while viewing the video. There is also a significant interaction between the factors of feedback and age. Children are influenced by both types of feedback, positive and negative. While the levels of confidence and retrospective memory evaluations of adolescents are influenced only by positive feedback. This experiment demonstrates that post-identification feedback influences witnesses’ confidence levels and evaluations of an event. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that appropriate precautions are taken during the examination of witnesses, especially child witnesses.
PRESYNAPTIC DEPOLARIZATION OF GROUP I MUSCLE AFFERENTS BY CONTRALATERAL AFFERENT VOLLEYS.

Presynaptic depolarization of group I afferents produced by volleys in contralateral hind limb nerves has been investigated. It was found that a train of volleys in contralateral muscle or skin nerves did not alter the excitability of the Ia fibres or the size of the monosynaptic EPSP in motoneurones, i. e. , there is no contralateral presynaptic inhibitory action onto group Ia fibres. A train of volleys in contralateral muscle and skin nerves increased the excitability of the contralateral Ib fibres to the flexors and extensors. The time course of the increased excitability had a latency of 10–30 msec, a slow rising phase, a late maximum at 50–80 msec, and a duration of about 150 msec. The crossed presynaptic actions originated from high threshold (group II and III) muscle afferent and cutaneous fibres. The results also indicate that Ib fibres may have a depolarizing action onto the contralateral Ib nerve terminals.
A study of animated transition in similarity-based tiled image layout

For many information visualization applications, showing the transition when interacting with the data is critically important as it can help users better perceive the changes and understand the underlying data. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of animated transition in a tiled image layout where the spiral arrangement of the images is based on their similarity. Three aspects of animated transition are considered, including animation steps, animation actions, and flying paths. Exploring and weighting the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for each aspect and in conjunction with the characteristics of the spiral image layout, we present an integrated solution, called AniMap, for animating the transition from an old layout to a new layout when a different image is selected as the query image. We show the effectiveness of our animated transition solution by demonstrating experimental results and conducting a comparative user study.
Social Network and Addiction

In recent decades, the rapid development of innovative Internet-based communication technologies created a new field of academic study among scholars. Particularly, the attention of researchers is focusing on new ways to form relationship-thought social web. Social Network sites constitute a new form of web communities, where people meet and share interests and activities. Due to exponential growth of these sites, an increasing number of scholars are beginning to study the emergent phenomena in order to identify any psychopathological risk related to use of social web, such as addiction. This article examines the recent literature about this issue.
The Role of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in the Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the University of Utah’s Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and National Eye Institute R01 grants EY015130 and EY017011 to MEH. M. Elizabeth Hartnett has received NIH grant support as principal investigator for the following: R01EY015130, R01EY017011, T35EY026511. The authors would also like to thank Lane Bennion for the medical renderings.
Emotion Regulation Regulates More Than Emotion

Maladaptive emotion regulation and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning are characteristic of depression and anxiety. However, little research examines whether and how emotion regulation affects HPA axis functioning. We utilized an experience sampling methodology to examine associations between three emotion regulation strategies (problem solving, disengagement, and emotional expression/support seeking) and diurnal cortisol rhythms and reactivity in everyday life. Participants were young adults with current, past, or no history of internalizing disorders (depression or anxiety; N = 182). Across participants, problem solving was associated with an elevated cortisol awakening response (CAR), whereas disengagement was associated with a steeper cortisol slope. Only for individuals with internalizing disorders was momentary problem solving and emotional expression/support seeking associated with higher cortisol reactivity and emotional expression/support seeking associated with a flatter diurnal slope and blunted CAR. Results provide insight into associations between emotion regulation and day-to-day HPA axis functioning.
Biodegradation of c5+ hydrocarbons by a mixed bacterial consortium from a c5+‐contaminated site

Abstract C5+, a mixture of benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), naphthalene and other compounds, is a byproduct of polyethylene production and has been introduced into the environment via accidental release. The degradation of C5+ was studied using a defined consortium of 11 distinct bacterial strains isolated from C5+‐contaminated soil. Vigorous growth of individual strains on C5+ was no prediction of dominance in the consortium, when the latter was grown under the same conditions. The defined consortium was able to degrade benzene, toluene, styrene and naphthalene, and to codegrade m‐xylene in the presence of toluene or naphthalene. It was unable to degrade DCPD, which was inhibitory when degradation of pairs of C5+ components was examined. The complete C5+ mixture appeared to be the best substrate for the consortium.
Evolution of electrosensory ampullary organs: conservation of Eya4 expression during lateral line development in jawed vertebrates

The lateral line system of fishes and amphibians comprises two ancient sensory systems: mechanoreception and electroreception. Electroreception is found in all major vertebrate groups (i.e. jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes); however, it was lost in several groups including anuran amphibians (frogs) and amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals), as well as in the lineage leading to the neopterygian clade of bony fishes (bowfins, gars, and teleosts). Electroreception is mediated by modified “hair cells,” which are collected in ampullary organs that flank lines of mechanosensory hair cell containing neuromasts. In the axolotl (a urodele amphibian), grafting and ablation studies have shown a lateral line placode origin for both mechanosensory neuromasts and electrosensory ampullary organs (and the neurons that innervate them). However, little is known at the molecular level about the development of the amphibian lateral line system in general and electrosensory ampullary organs in particular. Previously, we identified Eya4 as a marker for lateral line (and otic) placodes, neuromasts, and ampullary organs in a shark (a cartilaginous fish) and a paddlefish (a basal ray‐finned fish). Here, we show that Eya4 is similarly expressed during otic and lateral line placode development in the axolotl (a representative of the lobe‐finned fish clade). Furthermore, Eya4 expression is specifically restricted to hair cells in both neuromasts and ampullary organs, as identified by coexpression with the calcium‐buffering protein Parvalbumin3. As well as identifying new molecular markers for amphibian mechanosensory and electrosensory hair cells, these data demonstrate that Eya4 is a conserved marker for lateral line placodes and their derivatives in all jawed vertebrates.
FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION WITH UPPER MOTOR NEURON DISEASE/ PRIMARY LATERAL SCLEROSIS

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a pathologic entity characterized by the presence of neuronal loss and gliosis affecting mainly cortical lamina II of the frontal and temporal neocortices.1 In some cases the pathologic findings of FTLD are accompanied by motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND), with degeneration of the descending corticospinal tracts and loss of cranial nerve and anterior horn motor neurons.2 Intracytoplasmic inclusions in motor neurons occur and can be demonstrated with ubiquitin and TDP-43 antibodies.3 In a recent study of 17 cases of pathologically confirmed FTLD-MND, we demonstrated that degeneration of the corticospinal tract and loss of motor neurons are variable.2 In all but one case, we found evidence of lower MND with neuronal loss and gliosis affecting cranial nerve XII nuclei or anterior horn cell loss. It therefore seems to be the case that when MND accompanies FTLD, lower MND is almost always present. Therefore, we set out to determine if FTLD-MND truly occurs with isolated upper MND, a feature of so-called primary lateral sclerosis,4 hence FTLD-PLS. ### Methods. We identified 25 cases from Mayo Clinic Rochester and Jacksonville that had been studied …
Salvage therapy with single-agent paclitaxel by three-hour infusion in metastatic breast cancer: an experience in Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

BACKGROUND Paclitaxel is an active agent in the treatment of breast, ovarian, lung and head and neck cancers. In previous phase I and II trials, it exerted novel cytotoxic effect on several malignancies. Various doses and regimens of paclitaxel have been assessed in metastatic breast cancer, with responses between 20 and 62%. However, combination therapy with other anti-cancer drugs leads to a high incidence of side effects. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of paclitaxel given by 3 h infusion as salvage chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Between May 1999 and April 2000, 14 women with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in this study and all the patients had to have measurable lesions. The median age of the patients was 48.7 years (range 39-56 years). All of them were definitely evidenced as having metastatic breast cancer and received complete courses of anthracycline-containing agents before applying paclitaxel. The protocol was single-agent paclitaxel (Anzatax, Faulding, Australia) at a moderate dosage of 175 mg/m(2) by 3 h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. RESULTS A total of 75 cycles were administered to these 14 patients with a median of four delivered cycles (range 3-14) and the response rate was 28.6% (95% CI: 21-40%), including four partial remission, three stable disease and seven progressive disease. The median time to progression was 3 (range 3-7) months. Hematological toxicities were minimal with no evidence of severe (grade 3 or 4) leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Hepatic toxicities were observed in 12 cycles with five in grade 3. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that utilizing single-agent paclitaxel exerts moderate activity on anthracycline-refractory metastatic breast cancer patients without excessive toxicities.
SOP integration and codesign of antennas

The successful deployment of wireless systems requires the integration of small, cost-effective antennas while preserving a reasonable electrical performance in the required bandwidth. This paper begins with a short overview of the most important antenna characteristics, and then uses these to describe the minimum requirements and fundamental performance-size limits for electrically small integrated antennas. The performance-size tradeoff is further illustrated by the design of a planar integrated antenna for WLAN. Codesign guidelines are given to avoid parasitic coupling between the integrated antenna and RF circuits. A concluding comparison is made between on-chip and on-package integration of a small antenna for microwave and millimeter wave systems.
Fusion of an ETS‐family gene, EIAF, to EWS by t(17;22)(q12;q12) chromosome translocation in an undifferentiated sarcoma of infancy

EIAF is a newly isolated ETS‐family gene that is located on 17q21 and codes for the adenovirus EIA enhancer‐binding protein. In our chromosome analysis of 18 of the Ewing family of tumors and undifferentiated sarcomas, we found t(17;22)(q12;q12) in an MIC2 antigen‐positive undifferentiated sarcoma of infancy. On Southern blot analysis, EWS and EIAF cDNA probes hybridized to the same rearranged band, indicating that an EWS‐EIAF fusion gene was formed in the tumor. Further Southern blot analysis using four EIAF cDNA probes of different sizes showed that the breakpoint lies in the region upstream to the ETS domain of the EIAF gene. EIAF may be the fourth ETS‐family gene to be identified forming a fusion gene with EWS. We assume that the RNA binding domain of EWS may have been replaced by the DNA binding domain of EIAF in the EWS‐EIAF fusion protein as in other fusion proteins previously characterized in Ewing sarcoma and other types of sarcomas. Genes Chromosom Cancer 15:115–121 (1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optic Disc and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Descriptive Analysis in Megalopapilla

Purpose:To evaluate the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in megalopapilla cases by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT). To assess the importance of these measurements in diagnosing megalopapilla. Methods:This study included 59 eyes (30 patients) diagnosed as megalopapilla. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination that included intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness measurements and standard automated perimetry using the Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm and the 24-2 program (Humphrey Field Analyzer; Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy examinations were performed with the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRTII; Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Thickness of the RNFL around the optic disc was measured with Stratus OCT, version 4.0. 1 (Stratus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec). A descriptive analysis was made using SPSS (version 12.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) statistical software. Results:The mean global optic disc area for all eyes with megalopapilla was 3.28±0.53 mm2 and was not statistically different among races (P≥0.159) or sex (P≥0.108). The average RNFL thickness was 102.5±12.68 &mgr;m. Pattern standard deviation was 3.8±2.4 and mean deviation was −1.22±2.65. Central corneal thickness mean value was 543±35.9 &mgr;m. Intraocular pressure (average from 3 measurements) ranged from 10.0 to 20.6 mm Hg (14.4±2.7). Conclusions:In megalopapilla, the optic disc is abnormally large. The RNFL thickness is normal. These findings are essential for distinguishing megalopapilla from the optic glaucomatous neuropathy.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Uterine artery embolization : Long term follow-up and implementation

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