Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Perioperative Lidocaine Infusion- A Prospective, Controlled Study

Background: After introduction of synthetic opioids, in 1960s, safe and stress-free opioid balanced anesthesia has been developed. Opioids have well known side effects such as respiratory depression, immunosuppression, muscle rigidity, negative inotropism, nausea, vomiting, hyperalgesia, urinary retention, postoperative ileus and drowsiness which are clinically important. Perioperative opioids are important factor of opioid epidemic in USA and other countries. Therefore, there is increased interest in perioperative use of non-opioid analgesics especially lidocaine. Patients and Methods: 185 adult patients, undergoing various elective surgical procedures, were divided into; control group I (105 patients) [Fentanyl Group], and group II (80 patients) [Opioid Free Anesthesia Group]. Patients of both groups received at anesthetic induction; lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion intraoperatively, and 2 mg/Kg/h infusion for 2-8 hours postoperatively. Both groups received other analgesic adjuvants such as diclofenac 75 mg, paracetamol 1 gm, and MgSO4 30-50 mg/kg intraoperatively. A supplemental fentanyl 1 mcg/kg was used if there is increase of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and/ or heart rate (HR) more than 20% above base line. Intraoperative fentanyl consumption and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score assessment at immediate recovery time as well as after 24 hours postoperatively were assessed and analgesic requirements were recorded. Postoperative bowel function was also monitored by auscultation until recovery. Results: Supplemental intraoperative fentanyl was needed in 8.6% of cases in group I, and in 30% of cases in group II. Group II also needed a higher minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane during first 30 minutes. Both groups needed analgesia immediately post extubation if surgeries were less than 3 hours. After 8 hours of lidocaine infusion, there was no need for additional opioids for 24 hours and only paracetamol 1 gm and/or diclofenac 75 mg were enough in both groups. No significant differences in bowel function were observed between the 2 groups. There are no clinically detected or observed toxicity or side effects due to lidocaine infusion. Conclusion: Safety and efficacy of perioperative lidocaine infusion have been demonstrated. Opioid free anesthesia (OFA) is possible in 70% of cases. Antinociceptive action of lidocaine is time dependent and no immediate analgesia was needed after extubation if the duration of intraoperative lidocaine infusion was more than 3 hours as the VASpain score after recovery was 0-3, versus 3-7 if the duration of lidocaine infusion was 40-150 minutes. Post-operative lidocaine infusion for 5-8 hours was sufficient for pain relieve with minimal non opioid analgesia for 24 hours.
Isolation of Streptomyces from the sediments of selected thermal springs of Northern Pakistan and its intrinsic susceptibility and resistance

This investigation aimed to examine the intrinsic antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of Streptomyces species, isolated from the sediments of selected thermal springs located in northern Pakistan. Isolated species were subjected to morphological, physiological; biochemical and microscopic analyses. The isolates were examined for the consumption of various carbon sources, deprivation of complex compounds, susceptibility and resistance to antimicrobials and inhibitory compounds. The results indicated that all isolates demonstrated complete resistances to penicillin and ampicillin and weak resistance to Cotrimoxazole, Cephazolin, Deoxycline and Lincomycine. These isolates were moderately susceptible to Erythromycin, Cefaparazone, Cefapime, Amoxicillin and Cephradine while completely susceptible to Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Amikacin Gentamicin and Imipenem. In addition, Streptomyces isolates were more susceptible to Vancomycin and Gentamicin as compared to other antimicrobials and inhibitory compounds. This potential vulnerability of Streptomyces to Vancomycin and Gentamicin in particular, as therapeutic agents against infections by Streptomyces species is discussed.
An evaluation of the use of dendrochemical analyses in environmental monitoring

Dendrochemical techniques have been used to monitor historical changes in soil and atmospheric chemistry since the early 1970s. The development of dendrochemistry in environmental monitoring was prompted by early studies which reported that changes in Pb deposition along roadsides and in industrial areas were reflected by changes in the Pb content of tree rings. Early studies were inconclusive; some authors have stated that tree-ring chemistry is not a useful indicator of pollution episodes and that some tree species are clearly better spatial indicators of pollution than historical monitors. This is due to a number of complicating factors, including potential radial translocation of elements, radial tendencies in element concentration from pith to bark, and physiological differences between heartwood and sapwood. A more detailed understanding of element cycling in trees is needed, as at present, the application of dendrochemistry to historical environmental monitoring is strongly dependent on the choice .
Design, Analysis, and Optimization of a Large Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided B5G Cellular Internet of Things

In this article, we apply the large intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technique in beyond fifth-generation (B5G) cellular Internet of Things (IoT) to satisfy the requirements of massive connectivity, low power, and wide coverage. First, we design a framework for the large IRS-aided B5G cellular IoT, including channel estimation, uplink data transmission, and downlink data transmission. Then, we analyze the performance of the proposed framework, and reveal the impacts of key parameters of the large IRS on the spectral efficiency. Next, we propose a low-complexity time-length allocation algorithm to minimize the total energy consumption of B5G cellular IoT. Finally, extensive simulation results validate the accuracy of the derived theoretical expressions and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF BATS IN THE TOP END OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA

Abstract Temporal activity patterns of microchiropteran bats were assessed at 4 scales (hourly, nightly, monthly, and yearly) in the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia, in relation to biotic (insect availability) and abiotic features in the environment. At the hourly scale we found activity declined throughout the night and was most closely associated with temperature. At the nightly scale we found associations between bat activity, moonlight, and temperature as well as a complex association with both moon phase and time of night. At the monthly scale we found bat activity increased dramatically in October and provide evidence that this was triggered by a combination of changing climatic factors that occur at this time of year in the Southern Hemisphere tropics. At the yearly scale, no overall difference was found in bat activity between years (n = 4) and no associations were found with climatic variables. At all temporal scales we found no significant associations or differences in species richness and only weak or no associations with insect availability. There also was a high degree of variation in bat activity across all temporal scales that have significant implications for surveying and monitoring microbats.
Automatic Medical Code Assignment via Deep Learning Approach for Intelligent Healthcare

With the development of healthcare 4.0, there has been an explosion in the amount of data such as image, medical text, physiological signals, lab tests, etc. Among them, medical records provide a complete picture of the associated clinical events. However, the processing of medical texts is difficult because they are structurally free, diverse in style, and have subjective factors. Assigning metadata codes from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) presents a standardized way of indicating diagnoses and procedures, so it becomes a mandatory process for understanding medical records to make better clinical and financial decisions. Such a manual encoding task is time-consuming, error-prone and expensive. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning approach and a medical topic mining method to automatically predict ICD codes from text-free medical records. The result of the F1 score on Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) dataset increases by 5% over the state of art. It also suitable for multiple ICD versions and languages. For the specific disease, atrial fibrillation, the F1 score is up to 96% and 93.3% using in-house ICD-10 datasets and MIMIC-III datasets, respectively. We developed an Artificial Intelligence based coding system, which can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of human coders, and meanwhile accelerate the secondary use for clinical informatics.
An Efficient K-Persistent Spread Estimator for Traffic Measurement in High-Speed Networks

Traffic measurement in high-speed networks has many important functions in improving network performance, assisting resource allocation, and detecting anomalies. In this paper, we study a generalized problem called <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-persistent spread estimation, which measures the volume of persist traffic elements in each flow that appear during at least <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> out of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurement periods, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are two positive integers that can be arbitrarily set in user queries, with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k} \le {t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Solutions to this problem have interesting applications in network attack detection, popular content identification, user access profiling, etc. There is very limited prior art for this problem, only addressing the special case of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k} = {t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under a flawed assumption. Removing this assumption, we propose an efficient and accurate estimator for generalized <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-persistent traffic measurement, with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k} \le {t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Our method relies on bitwise SUM, instead of bitwise AND in the prior art, to combine the information collected from different periods. This change has fundamental impact on the probabilistic analysis that derives the estimator, particular over space-saving virtual bitmaps. Based on real network traces, we demonstrate experimentally the effectiveness of our new method in estimating the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-persistent spreads of all network flows. Our estimator performs much better than the prior art on its case of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k} = {t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We also incorporate a sampling module to the estimator for improved flexibility, and give a use study on how to detect and find DDoS attackers using the proposed estimator.
Studies on Energy Levels in Poultry Rations 2. Tolerance of Growing Chicks to Dietary Fat

ABSTRACT UNTIL recently, chickens were considered to have a limited tolerance for fat. Henderson and Irwin (1940) reported that chicks tolerated as much as 10% added soybean oil in their ration without deleterious effects during the first eight weeks of life, but the higher levels caused a growth depression and increased rate of feather shedding. Yacowitz (1953) reported that 2½ to 5% cotton seed oil, soybean oil, or lard improved growth and feed conversion of growing chicks. However, 10 to 15% cotton seed oil resulted in growth depression and poor feathering. Biely and March (1954) found that the addition of fat to a 19% protein ration depressed growth and feed conversion in New Hampshire chicks but did not adversely affect growth and feed conversion when added to rations containing 24 to 28% protein. Recent studies in this laboratory have shown that growth rate, feed consumption, body composition, and feather condition in .
Guillain-Barre Syndrome in High Tetraplegia Following Spinal Cord Lesion

Study design: A case report of Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) variant presenting in a patient with high tetraplegia following cervical spinal cord lesion (C3-C6). Objective: To illustrate a clinical presentation of GBS in an individual with tetraplegia. Setting: Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Case presentation: A 55-year-old male with high spinal cord lesion at the level of C3-C6, following an emergency posterior cervical instrumentation and fusion with decompression of C3-C6 vertebral bodies under general anesthesia, developed urinary incontinence and weakness of the limbs, and was admitted to our facility for tetraplegia. Two months after admission, the patient had a sudden onset of fever (T40.0C) for which blood culture was done, and antibiotics were administered to sub side the fever. A few days later, the patient’s previously noted weakness progressed. A nerve conduction study was performed, which revealed severe axonal polyneuropathy affecting motor and sensory nerve fibers, prompting a diagnosis of acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (a variant of Guillian-Barre syndrome). Electromyography (EMG) reports indicated abnormal spontaneous activity in all limb muscles. An emergency Lumbar Puncture (LP) was performed which revealed the classical sign of albuminocytological disassociation of cerebrospinal fluid. GBS was diagnosed, but since the patient had pre-existing tetraplegia, autonomic dysfunction and was ventilated, the diagnosis was overshadowed and unfortunately delayed. Nevertheless, treatment modalities for both tetraplegia and GBS were initiated. There was a significant improvement in all extremities, but the bilateral decrease in the lower limbs muscle tone persisted. However, the patient refused to perform a repeat LP and was discharged three months later, under the requisite for regular follow-up. Conclusion: A careful neurological assessment prompted the diagnosis of acute polyradiculoneuropathy in a chronic patient with tetraplegia. It demonstrates how, in this population, an otherwise uncomplicated diagnosis of GBS can easily be missed. A deeper understanding of the cause and necessity for a subsequent therapeutic intervention in potentially life-threatening autonomic instability was understood via these signs.
Nanomaterial-Enhanced Fiber Optofluidic Laser Biosensor for Sensitive Enzyme Detection

A novel fiber optofluidic laser biosensor based on nanoparticle-functionalized thin-walled hollow optical fiber is developed for sensitive detection of enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). High sensitivity is achieved thanks to the high surface-to-volume ratio of the nanomaterials. Two kinds of attractive nanomaterials, i.e., Au nanorods and SiO2 nanoparticles, are selected as demonstrative models to be coated onto the inner surface of thin-walled hollow fiber through electrostatic adsorption and biochemical cross-linking, respectively, while the streptavidin-biotin conjugation mechanism acts as a bridge for the specific recognition of enzyme. The nanoparticle-functionalized fiber optofluidic lasers have lower lasing threshold, compared to the control group without nanomaterial. We experimentally demonstrate that the nanomaterials enhanced fiber optofluidic laser biosensors can detect HRP in the range of 75–15 000 pM with a good linearity in semi-logarithmic scale, and with a sensitivity enhancement of 57.4% by using the SiO2 nanoparticles. We believe that this nanoparticle-enhanced fiber optofluidic laser biosensor could provide an efficient strategy for biomolecule detection such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Safeguard Network Slicing in 5G: A Learning Augmented Optimization Approach

Network slicing, as a key 5G enabling technology, is promising to support with more flexibility, agility, and intelligence towards the provisioned services and infrastructure management. Fulfilling these tasks is challenging, as nowadays networks are increasingly heterogeneous, dynamic and large-dimensioned. This contradicts the dominant network slicing solutions that only customize immediate performance over one snapshot of the system in the literature. Instead, this paper first presents a two-stage slicing optimization model with time-averaged metrics to safeguard the network slicing in the dynamical networks, where prior environmental knowledge is absent but can be partially observed at runtime. Directly solving an off-line solution to this problem is intractable since the future system realizations are unknown before decisions. Therefore, we propose a learning augmented optimization approach with deep learning and Lyapunov stability theories. This enables the system to learn a safe slicing solution from both historical records and run-time observations. We prove that the proposed solution is always feasible and nearly optimal, up to a constant additive factor. Finally, we demonstrate up to $2.6\times $ improvement in the simulation when compared with three state-of-the-art algorithms.
Participatory Research with Fishers to Improve Knowledge on Small-Scale Fisheries in Tropical Rivers

Freshwater small-scale fisheries sustain millions of livelihoods worldwide, but a lack of monitoring makes it difficult to check the sustainability of these fisheries. We aim to compare and describe participatory research methods used in studies with fishers in the Tapajos River, a poorly known tropical river in the Brazilian Amazon. We address three interview approaches, two ways to do fisheries monitoring and two approaches for georeferenced mapping based on fishers’ knowledge, which can provide data about at least 16 topics related to fisheries. We highlight major advantages and shortcomings of these methods and illustrate their potential with examples of results on fisheries and fish biology of Peacock bass (Cichla spp. tucunaré in Brazil), an important commercial fish in the Brazilian Amazon. The interviews, participatory monitoring and mapping revealed which fish are more valued by local communities, how fish abundance and sizes varied over time, when fish are more often caught and show reproductive activity, and which sites or habitats fish need to reproduce. In addition to providing useful data from many sites in a cost-effective way, participatory methods can bring the additional benefit of including local stakeholders in the monitoring, management, and research activities.
Empleo formal y libertad económica regional en México

Resumen ¿La libertad económica se correlacionó positivamente con el empleo formal en México? La investigación que se presenta responde a esta pregunta. Se usaron datos del periodo 2003-2015 de las treinta y dos entidades federativas, así como de las regiones frontera norte y sur, a partir de lo cual se crearon varios paneles estimados con los métodos de efectos fijos, aleatorios y generalizado de momentos (GMM). Usando GMM para las treinta y dos entidades se encontró que la libertad económica se correlacionó negativamente con el empleo, la elasticidad fue -0.04. Para la frontera norte se halló que la elasticidad del empleo con respecto a la libertad económica fue positiva (aunque estadísticamente no significativa), mientras que en la región sur la elasticidad fue negativa (-2.20). Por ello, reducir el gasto del gobierno y los impuestos, así como flexibilizar el mercado de trabajo (mayor libertad económica) no son las mejores opciones de política para crear empleo formal.
Effect of Solute Carbon on Onset of Local Plastic Deformation in BCC Iron

: The pop-in phenomenon as a plasticity initiation during nanoindentation was analyzed to investigate the effect of solute carbon on the plastic deformation for Fe-C binary alloys and interstitial free (IF) steel. The maximum shear stress τc calculated from the critical pop-in load increases as solute carbon concentration increases. Based on a model in which the elementary step of pop-in is the nucleation of a dislocation loop, it is considered that solute carbon increases the resistance to the growth of a dislocation loop, thus higher stress is necessary for the nucleation. Frequency distributions of the pop-in load shows two peaks when the sample includes solute carbon. One peak on the lower load corresponds to the nucleation at a region of solute carbon free. The other peak on the higher load is attributed to the nucleation at a region with solute carbon. Displacement burst during pop-in Δ h decreases with increase in solute carbon concentration. Considering that the Δ h is proportional to the number of dislocations, it is concluded that solute carbon decreases the mean free path of dislocation movement.
FITNESS IMPACTS OF HERBIVORY THROUGH INDIRECT EFFECTS ON PLANT–POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS IN OENOTHERA MACROCARPA

The negative impacts of herbivores on plant fitness may include both direct and indirect effects. Direct effects on female plant fitness occur when decreased seed production is due to decreased resource availability from loss of leaf area and its attendant photosynthesis or through consumption of reproductive structures. Indirect effects occur when folivore- and florivore-mediated changes in floral traits influence pollinator preference and/or pollinator efficiency, thus reducing pollen receipt. We examined the effects of both leaf and floral herbivory (bud damage) and determined the relative contribution of direct and indirect effects of damage on female fitness through changes in floral traits for Oenothera macrocarpa (Onagraceae). The experiment was a two-factorial design that manipulated both leaf damage (∼25% leaf area removed by hand) and pollen receipt (supplemental hand pollination). We then measured effects of leaf damage on floral traits (corolla diameter, floral tube length, and flower number) .