Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bulles d'air dans l'eau : couplage d'oscillateurs harmoniques et excitation paramétrique

Une bulle de gaz dans un liquide est un acteur acoustique important. Par exemple, les bulles d'air creees par les remous d'une riviere sont responsables du bruit caracteristique de ces ecoulements. En 1933, Minnaert a propose un modele d'oscillateur harmonique simple pour decrire les oscillations d'une bulle d'air dans l'eau. La premiere partie de cette these est dediee a l'etude de cet oscillateur particulier, qui peut etre vu comme une masse d'eau accrochee a un ressort d'air, et au couplage entre plusieurs de ces oscillateurs. Nous presentons un dispositif experimental original qui permet de pieger une ou plusieurs bulles d'air, a l'aide d'un filet, afin d'etudier la reponse de ce systeme a une excitation acoustique. L'originalite de notre approche theorique consiste a traiter le nuage de N bulles comme un systeme d'oscillateurs couples a N degres de liberte, ce qui revient a negliger les degres de liberte associes a la compressibilite de l'eau. Ce modele rend bien compte des principales observations : l'existence de pics de resonance a basse frequence et d'une forte attenuation a plus haute frequence. Le prolongement du modele au cas de la propagation dans un milieu infini est egalement presente. Dans la seconde partie, l'etude de l'excitation parametrique d'une bulle est abordee. Nous developpons un formalisme original, fonde sur les variables de Glauber, propice a l'etude des non-linearites d'un oscillateur. Une parenthese sur un systeme modele (deux pendules couples) permet de valider experimentalement ce formalisme. Nous montrons finalement que l'excitation parametrique d'une bulle permet de realiser une conjugaison de phase. Ce mecanisme pourrait etre mis a profit pour realiser des echos de bulles, de facon analogue aux echos de spins utilises en IRM.
Referral Programs for Freemium Platforms: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

Some platforms provide value to their users by facilitating interactions among close connections (e.g. Facebook); others provide value by facilitating interactions among participants that are not directly connected to each other (e.g. online dating sites). For the latter, organic growth is harder to achieve because, even though users benefit from having access to a larger market, they have no incentives in inviting their close connections to the platform, which can lead to an under-supply of new users. In some cases, platforms correct this distortion by using referral programs and providing incentives for users to invite their friends and acquaintances in exchange for getting a free or discounted access to premium features of the platform. In this paper, we use data from a randomized field experiment in an exclusive online dating site to study the effect of member-get-member referral programs on platform growth. Our findings suggest that referral programs can work as a double-edged sword. We find that stricter policies, i.e., policies that require users to invite more friends in order to use the service for free, are more effective not only at contributing for platform growth in terms of the total number of users, but also at fostering paid memberships. However, these benefits appear to come at the cost of reduced level of user engagement on the platform, potentially decreasing its value for all users. We consider two mechanisms that may be at play: delayed access to premium features and social enrichment. We discuss the contributions for literature and implications for business.
The Heartbleed Bug: An Open Secure Sockets Layer Vulnerability

The Open Secure Sockets Layer (OpenSSL) is used to provide a secure platform for transactions that happen over the internet. About two thirds of the servers on the internet use the OpenSSL platform to provide secure transaction over the internet. The OpenSSL is a widely used open source implementation of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS). Transactions such as online shopping, emails and online banking are carried out on the internet through the OpenSSL and other platforms which provide a security. Vulnerabilities have however been found in the OpenSSL that has resulted in a wide public outcry all over the world. A vulnerability referred to as the Heartbleed Bug has sent shockwaves all over the internet. From the study we conducted, the scope of the data that has been potentially compromised is astronomical and includes usernames, passwords, bank account and credit card numbers, medical data, documents in online cloud storage. Not only has all of this user data been directly compromised, but, what are worse, the private keys of the servers running the vulnerable versions of OpenSSL were also almost certainly compromised. We recommend patching of affected applications or/and upgrade to versions that are not vulnerable in order to mitigate the risks identified.
Purification of human muscle satellite cells by flow cytometry

To purify satellite cells directly from human muscle biopsies, we have developed a method based on size separation of dissociated cells by flow cytometry. Immediately after tryptic dissociation of human muscle biopsies and elimination of erythrocytes, microscopic observation and flow cytometry analysis of cell suspensions revealed two populations of cells differing in size and nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Clonal cultures of these two cell types with a manual procedure demonstrated that only the small cells were myogenic satellite cells. Flow cytometry‐sorting and analysis of the small cell population showed that (1) all sorted cells contained desmin immediately after dissociation and plating; (2) more than 98% of the cells expressed the 5.1. H11 epitope after 2 weeks of proliferation in culture; and (3) 90% of the sorted cells were able to form myotubes when cultivated at low density or in clonal cultures. Thus, human muscle satellite cells can be directly purified from human muscle samples using flow cytometry. © 1993 John Wiley & Soncs, Inc.
Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

�1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], �2.8 to �0.6), �1.1 (95% CI, �1.8 to �0.3), �1.4 (95% CI, �2.3 to �0.5), and �1.0 (95% CI, �1.8 to �0.2), respectively. Patients receiving -blockers or anti-inflammatory medications had a higher chance of favorable response compared with placebo, with pooled RRs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6), respectively. Contour-enhanced funnel plots suggested the presence of publication bias for smaller studies of -blocker therapies. The network meta-analysis suggested benefits of antibiotics in decreasing total symptom scores (�9.8; 95% CI, �15.1 to �4.6), pain scores (�4.4; 95% CI, �7.0 to �1.9), voiding scores (�2.8; 95% CI, �4.1 to �1.6), and quality-of-life scores (�1.9; 95% CI, �3.6 to �0.2) compared with placebo. Combining-blockers and antibiotics yielded the greatest benefits compared with placebo, with corresponding decreases of �13.8 (95% CI, �17.5 to �10.2) for total symptom scores, �5.7 (95% CI, �7.8 to �3.6) for pain scores, �3.7 (95% CI, �5.2 to �2.1) for voiding, and �2.8 (95% CI, �4.7 to �0.9) for quality-of-life scores. Conclusions -Blockers,antibiotics,andcombinationsofthesetherapiesappeartoachieve the greatest improvement in clinical symptom scores compared with placebo. Antiinflammatory therapies have a lesser but measurable benefit on selected outcomes. However, beneficial effects of -blockers may be overestimated because of publication bias.
Fuzzy co-clustering of vertically partitioned cooccurrence data with privacy consideration

This paper considers fuzzy co-clustering of distributed cooccurrence data, where vertically partitioned cooccurrence information among objects and items are stored in several sites. In order to utilize such distributed data sets without fear of information leaks, a privacy preserving procedure is introduced to fuzzy clustering for categorical multivariate data (FCCM). Withholding each element of cooccurrence matrices, only object memberships are shared by multiple sites and their (implicit) joint co-cluster structures are revealed through an iterative clustering process. Several experimental results demonstrate the ability of improving the individual co-clustering results of each site by combining the distributed data sets.
THE ROLE OF ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGRENASE 2 IN NITRATE TOLERANCE: INVESTIGATION OF LOW POTENCY NITRATES AND CROSS TOLERANCE

ii STATEMENT OF CO-AUTHORSHIP . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v DEDICATION. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of the Research Problem . 1 1.2 Organic Nitrates – General Introduction . 5 1.2.1 Discovery and History of Organic Nitrates . 5 1.2.2 Structure of Organic Nitrates . 5 1.2.3 Clinical Uses of Nitrates . 8 1.3 Mechanisms of Action . 10 1.3. 1 Biotransformation of Organic Nitrate . 10 1.3. 2 Clearanceand Mechanism-based Biotransformation of Organic Nitrates . 13 1.4 Tolerance to Organic Nitrates . 14 1.4. 1 Clinical Impact of Organic Nitrate Tolerance . 14 1.4. 2 Proposed Models of Nitrate Tolerance . 16 1.4. 3 Prevention of Organic Nitrate Tolerance . 16 1.5 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 . 17 1.5. 1 Identification of ALDH2 . 17 1.5. 2 Recent Studies involving ALDH2 . 19 1.6 Cross Tolerance . 23 1.6. 1 Cross Tolerance between Organic Nitrates . 23 1.6. 2 High and Low Affinity Pathways . 24 1.7 Rationale, Research Hypothesis and Objectives. 26 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Drugs and Solutions . 28 2.2 Animals . 29 2.3 Induction of ISDN Tolerance in vivo . 29 2.4 Isolated Blood Vessel Relaxation Responses . 30 2.4. 1 Preparation . 30 2.4. 2 Relaxation Responses . 30 2.5 Biochemical Analyses . 31 2.5. 1 Protein Determination . 31 2.5. 2 ALDH Activity . 32 2.7 Gas Chromatography . 32 2.7 Data Analysis . 33
Are Subsidies to Hotel Investment an Effective Tool to Enhance Regional Tourism? A Firm Level Analysis

This paper undertakes an ex-post evaluation of the impact of public subsidies aimed to co-finance capital investments of micro and small hotel businesses in the Province of Trento (Italy) within the Provincial Law 6/99 in the period 2002–2006. We considered two performance indicators: the occupancy rate and the revenues per room. We used a matching approach to quantitatively assess the impacts of subsidies. Our results show that public subsidies have a positive effect on revenues and occupation rates of hotels.
A programming model for semi-implicit parallelization of static analyses

Parallelization of static analyses is necessary to scale to real-world programs, but it is a complex and difficult task and, therefore, often only done manually for selected high-profile analyses. In this paper, we propose a programming model for semi-implicit parallelization of static analyses which is inspired by reactive programming. Reusing the domain-expert knowledge on how to parallelize anal- yses encoded in the programming framework, developers do not need to think about parallelization and concurrency issues on their own. The programming model supports stateful computations, only requires monotonic computations over lattices, and is independent of specific analyses. Our evaluation shows the applicability of the programming model to different analyses and the importance of user-selected scheduling strategies. We implemented an IFDS solver that was able to outperform a state-of-the-art, specialized parallel IFDS solver both in absolute performance and scalability.
Protective Effect of a Synthetic Polynucleotide Complex (Poly I: C) on Ocular Lesions Produced by Trachoma Agent in Rabbits

Live trachoma agent (TE55) injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye produced the following agent-specific ocular lesions: corneal opacity, corneal neovascularization, and iritis. Three intravenous injections of 1 mg of a potent interferon (IF) inducer, polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid complex (poly I:C), markedly suppressed the ocular lesions produced by the trachoma agent but failed to inhibit the growth of the agent in the ocular tissues. Furthermore, a single intravenous injection of 1 mg of polyriboinosinic acid or of polyribocytidylic acid was also protective, although each failed to induce any detectable circulating IF. These results indicate that a factor or factors other than IF may play a role in the suppression of the ocular lesions produced by trachoma agent in poly I:C-injected rabbits.
Seachange: design of online quiz questions to foster deep learning

The design of different types of quiz question will influence the extent to which formative and summative feedback is presented to students. Typically, quiz questions are considered limited in their capacity to assess higher order cognitive skills. This paper extends the notion of online quiz design by presenting examples in a WebCT learning environment in order to demonstrate a formative approach to assessment, closely integrated with learning processes. A matrix of questions is presented using Bloom’s taxonomy showing the type of question, pedagogical underpinnings and cognitive skills required. The implications of this type of question design is that automated quiz type questions do not necessarily imply a narrow focus on recall, but may assess a range of learning processes.
Platelet production and destruction in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a controversial issue.

Progress in the understanding of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been slow through the years. When splenectomy was first performed in 1916 at the suggestion of Kaznelson, the mechanism of the thrombocytopenia was not known. In the preceding year, Frank had painstakingly demonstrated that the thrombocytopenia in ITP was the result of a "toxic" suppression of megakaryocyte activity. Young Kaznelson, who at the time was a medical student in Prague, challenged Frank's idea and formulated the hypothesis of the "thrombolytic" nature of ITP with the spleen as the graveyard for the platelets. The success of splenectomy in his single patient gave him fame and seemed to conclude the debate, but only for a few decades. The problem of thrombokinetics in ITP is still controversial today. During the past 20 years, pertinent experimental evidence has been accumulated to the effect that a shortened platelet life span has regularly been found in
Employment Relations In The Fast Food Industry

The McDonald's model of labour management has been widely adopted throughout the fast food industry. Literature that is critical of fast food labour management policy and practice often portrays employers as offering work that is low paid, unchallenging and uninteresting. However, others argue that the industry provides young workers with: a first resume entry, training opportunities, the chance to develop a career and a path into employment. This study interprets these two perspectives as reflecting either misalignment or alignment of employee/crew and employer preferences. Such an interpretation recognises that fast food work does not represent a career for many who do it but is short term or 'stop-gap' in nature. The study's research question is: to what extent does management preference for elements of work align with the preferred working arrangements of crew at McDonald's Australia? This research subjects McDonald's Australian stores to independent scrutiny. Previous research in this area has mostly used qualitative methods. Earlier studies, by and large, provide descriptive accounts of fast food employment however they often lack the rigour of an empirical investigation. The present research uses a structured survey method to obtain data from crew and managers. Results are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings focus on three areas of labour management: industrial relations, work organisation and human resource management. Several themes relating to alignment of preferences in the fast food employment relationship are identified. These are: crew have scant knowledge of industrial relations, do not like aspects of work organisation, but respond positively to certain human resource management policies and practices; crew lack knowledge of labour management issues generally; crew work is simple and repetitive; and, many young crew seem to dislike aspects of fast food work as they get older but others, who have distinctive characteristics, appear to continue to like the McDonald's approach as they age.
Abnormalities of chromosome no. 1 in human solid malignant tumours

Marker chromosomes involving chromosome No. 1 were studied with banding techniques in 10 primary solid tumours. Structural or numerical aberrations of chromosome No. 1 were found in nine of these. Two major types of rearrangement of chromosome No. 1 were observed: translocation of the long arm (partial trisomy) and an isochromosome of 1q. Earlier chromosome studies and the present cases suggest that regions near the centromere and q21 are vulnerable points on human chromosome No. 1, and that region q21–32 is important for development of certain tumour types.
Essays on operations research games and cautious behavior

Esta tesis consta de dos partes diferenciadas, La primera de ellas esta dedicada al estudio de tres modelos de juegos cooperativos con utilidad transferible que surgen a partir de sendos problemas de investigacion operativa. El primer modelo es el de los juegos de inventario, donde se caracteriza una regla de reparto utilizando una propiedad de inmunidad ante manipulaciones mediante coaliciones. Los otros dos modelos son dos modelos nuevos: los juegos de autopista y los juegos de secuenciacion en linea proporcionales; estos modelos se analizan en profundidad. La segunda parte esta dedicada al analisis del comportamiento cautelosos en problemas de decision. Se estudian y caracterizan los comportamientos maximin y protectivo.
The Spectrum Captured: A Methodological Approach to Studying Incidence and Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury on a Population Level

Objective: Drawing on the experience of conducting the Brain Injury Incidence and Outcomes New Zealand in the Community study, this article aims to identify the issues arising from the implementation of proposed guidelines for population-based studies of incidence and outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Study Design and Setting: All new cases of TBI (all ages and severities) were ascertained over a 1-year period, using overlapping prospective and retrospective sources of case ascertainment in New Zealand. All eligible TBI cases were invited to participate in a comprehensive assessment at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. Results: Our experience to date has revealed the feasibility of case ascertainment methods. Consultation with community health services and professionals resulted in feasible referral pathways to support the identification of TBI cases. ‘Hot pursuit’ methods of recruitment were essential to ensure complete case ascertainment for this population with few additional cases of TBI identified through cross-checks. Conclusion: This review of proposed guidelines in relation to practical study methodology provides a framework for future comparable population-based epidemiological studies of TBI incidence and outcomes in developed countries.
Use of Consumer-grade Depth Cameras in Mobile Robot Navigation

Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) stands as one of the core techniques used by robots for autonomous navigation. Cameras combining Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color information and depth (D) information are called RGB-D cameras or depth cameras. RGB-D cameras can provide rich information for indoor mobile robot navigation. Microsoft’s Kinect device, a representative low cost RGB-D camera product, has attracted tremendous attention from researchers in recent years, for its relatively high quality of depth measurement. By analyzing the multi-data stream of both color and depth, better 3D plane detectors, local shape registration techniques can be designed to improve the quality of mobile robot navigation. In the first part of this work, models of the Kinect’s cameras and projector are established, which can be applied for calibration and characterization of the Kinect device. Experiments show both variable depth resolution and Kinect’s own optical noises in depth values calculation. Based on Kinect’s models and characterization, this project implements an optimized 3D matching system for SLAM, from processing of RGB-D data to further algorithms design. The developed system includes the following parts: (1) raw data preprocessing and de-noising, improving the quality of integrated environment depth maps. (2) 3D planes surfaces detection and fitting with RANSAC algorithms; also providing applications and illustrative examples about multi-scale-multi-planes detections algorithms which designed for common indoor environment. The proposed approach is validated on scene and object reconstruction. RGB-D features matching under uncertainty and noise in a large scale of data, forms the basis of future application in mobile robot navigation. Experimental results have shown that system performance improvement is valid and feasible.
IDIOPATHIC GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS

Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a benign infl ammatory breast disease of unknown etiology. It presents with granulomatous changes around the lobules and ducts. This study discusses the clinical presentation, radiological examination results, and histopathological results of 30 cases diagnosed with granulomatous mastitis. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 patients that were diagnosed with granulomatous mastitis after a histopathological examination in Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School between 2000 and 2008. Results: Of the 30 cases with granulomatous mastitis, 17 were diagnosed as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in their histological examination. One of these cases was referred with the initial diagnosis of infl ammatory breast carcinoma. Periodic acid shiff (PAS) and Erlich Ziehl Nelson (EZN) staining results were negative for all cases.
3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) attenuated neuronal autophagy and amyloid-beta expression in diabetic mice subjected to brain ischemia

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on brain damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice subjected to cerebral ischemia. Methods: we pretreated diabetic mice with NBP orally for 4 weeks prior and 2 days after transient common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) operation. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were performed to investigate the neuronal loss, astrocytes activation, amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein expression, and autophagy activation. Results: The results showed that diabetes increased stroke-induced neuronal loss, astrocytes activation, Abeta generation, and autophagy activity, while NBP administration attenuated these changes. Immunofluorescence double staining of Abeta with autophagosome-specific antibody LC3 showed that most elevated Abeta+ signal was co-localized with LC3+ signal. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that NBP attenuates Abeta generation promoted by diabetes in ischemia might act through inhibiting abnormally activated neuronal autophagy. Therefore, treatment with NBP to modulate autophagy might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes by preventing ischemic brain damage and depressing the risk of post-stroke dementia.
Rethinking universals : how rarities affect linguistic theory

Rarissima and rara, features and properties found only in one or very few languages, tell us as much about the capacities and limits of human language(s) as do universals. Explaining the existence of such rare phenomena on the one hand, and the fact of their rareness or uniqueness on the other, proves a reasonable and interesting challenge to any theory of how human language works.