Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Predicting Animal Evolution

The origination of most free-living animal species is predictable. ‘Light’ order production in the trophic levels below is the key. Absent from the abiotic environment (pre-primary level) and prokaryotes, ‘light’ order consists of differences in species composition between highly-developed, species-packed communities in which extinction may be the precursor to speciation, particularly ecologically comparable tropical continental lowland ones of Africa, Australia, India, and South America. Based on but not itself of matter and non-burnable, its nil waste heat content ‘compensates’ for burned-up food energy. Where the amounts of it on infra-apical trophic levels form an inverted pyramid like waste heat’s, occupancy of trophic levels from primary to apical is predictable (variation and selection assumed). Terminal non-inversion predicts post-apical vacancy. Examined communities were from grasslands (grasses, large grazing mammals, large carnivores), and woodlands (woody plants, butterflies, insect-eating birds, raptorial birds). Linnaeus’s binomial classificational system turned out to be unexpectedly rich in new content. A new object of study, the neoLinnaean, is recognised and a new process, the neoLyellian, advanced to explain it. Relations to Darwin’s and Lyell’s non-predictive theories of change, to ecology and evolution, to thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, and to neurology are discussed.
A Review on Methods for Generating As-built Building Information Models

The use of as-built Building Information Models (AB-BIM) has dramatically increased over the past decade. Their use spans from visualisation to feasibility studies and from environmental analysis to refurbishment and maintenance. Currently, an AB-BIM is created by laser scanning a facility and manually modelling the acquired point cloud. The modelling process, however, is tedious and time consuming and necessitates experienced personnel. This paper presents an extensive literature synthesis on generating As-built BIMs. The literature survey showed that modelling can be automated through two distinctive steps: (a) object detection and (b) modelling, where each step is performed using different methods. This paper examines each step separately and divides it into subcategories based on the methods used. The review concludes that even though state-of-the-art methods have promising performance, they are focused mostly on restricted and simple scenarios, such as rectangular rooms. Therefore, limited progress has been achieved for more complicated facilities, where there is a high number of objects and occlusion. For those, no formal and/or universal approach exists.
Impact of the type of rule in Fuzzy Emerging Pattern Mining on a Big Data Approach

New scenarios are now emerging with increasing amounts of data due to the massive use of the Internet and new technologies. Traditional methodologies are unable to handle this huge amount of data, so new approaches towards distributed paradigms, such as MapReduce, have to be designed. This environment is widely known in the literature as Big Data. The interpretability of the results is a key aspect in Emerging Pattern Mining. In this study, the influence of the type of rule used to extract knowledge in an evolutionary fuzzy algorithm for Emerging Pattern Mining in Big Data environment is analysed. The adaptation of the EvAEFP-Spark algorithm to extract disjunctive formal norm rules is also presented.
Anti-Toxocara antibodies in patients with suspected visceral larva migrans and evaluation of environmental risk of human infection in Belgrade, Serbia

Toxocariasis is a frequent zoonotic parasitosis in Serbia. The aim of the study was to examine anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with suspected visceral larva migrans (VLM) in Belgrade, and to estimate the prevalence of T. canis eggs in dog fecal deposits collected in green public areas. A total of 145 patients were examined by ELISA. In 26.39% (38/144) of serum samples, T. canis IgG were detected, and in 6 CSF samples, 2 were positive for antibodies. Seropositivity was detected in 26.1% (34/130) adults and 33.3% (5/15) children. A total number of 155 fresh dog feces were collected in five public parks in Belgrade where T. canis eggs were identified with a prevalence of 33.55% (52/155). Based on the high prevalence of parasite eggs, we estimated a high risk of human infection by T. canis eggs in public green areas in Belgrade.
Energy-Efficient Power Allocation With Individual and Sum Power Constraints

In this paper, we investigate the power allocation in a multi-user wireless system to maximize the energy efficiency, while meeting the power constrains of each individual user and the whole system. Specifically, a geometric ceiled-water-filling algorithm is proposed to solve this non-linear fractional optimization problem, which can compute exact solutions with a low degree of polynomial computational complexity. Optimality of the proposed algorithm is strictly proved with mathematical analysis. In addition, the proposed algorithm is further extended to the general case with the minimum system-level throughput constraint, considering the quality of service requirement. To the best of our knowledge, no prior algorithm in the open literature offered such optimal solutions to the target problems, with the merit of exactness and the efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed power allocation algorithms can improve the energy efficiency by nearly 50%, compared with the conventional Dinkelbach’s method with the same amount of computations.
ANFIS CONTROLLER FOR SOLAR POWERED CASCADE MULTILEVEL INVERTER

This paper deals with the design and simulation of solar powered cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. ANFIS based controller switching scheme is used to improve the power quality thus to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)of the system . The system performance using ANFIS based controller are evaluated by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations and the results in terms of THD are simulate and compared with the conventional controller.
Accelerating spontaneous emission in open resonators

Strength of light‐matter interactions and radiative dynamics of emitters could be controlled with structuring of electromagnetic environment. While local and cross density of electromagnetic states are routinely used for predicting total and radiative decay rates in the weak coupling regime, resonant nanostructures offer going beyond this description, giving rise to new phenomena. Correlated time‐evolution of a strongly coupled emitter‐nanoresonator system and nonradiative channels are shown here to predefine the radiative decay dynamics and lead to substantial shortening in characteristic emission times. Quantum formalism, based on stochastic Hamiltonian treatment of radiative and nonradiative processes, was generalized for describing light‐matter interactions in vicinity of open nano‐resonators. The developed theory was subsequently applied to spontaneous emission dynamics of emitters, situated next to metal surfaces, supporting stopped light resonant conditions. Over four orders of magnitude lifetime shortening was predicted to be detectable in the far‐field. The interplay between strong and weak coupling regimes, enabled by resonant nanostructures, could serve as a platform for ultrafast opto‐electronic components, fluorescent labels and others.
TO EVALUATE THE CARCINOGENICITY OF MIXTURES IN AIR POLLUTION

It is well recognized that the air pollution encountered by humans is a mixture of pollutants that varies from place to place and with time. Acknowledgement of the full complexity of the mixture is an appropriate starting point to consider approaches to research the carcinogenicity of air pollution and evaluate the evidence. Current regulatory and research strategies tend to disregard the full complexity of the mixture. A small number of widespread pollutant species or classes that are known or thought to be of key health importance have been given highest priority for regulatory attention. In response, most research efforts have been directed towards these few pollutant groups. This situation is quite understandable; however, to move forward, it must first be recognized that the multipollutant dilemma (Mauderly et al., 2010) extends far beyond interactions among a few widely monitored species. In short, the carcinogenic hazard of air pollution cannot be understood by considering only those few pollutant species that are measured routinely and for which epidemiological evidence is available. In the USA, for example, most regulatory and research energy is focused on the six criteria pollutants (carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter [PM], and sulfur dioxide) named in the Clean Air Act (as amended in 1990), which leaves few resources to be directed towards the 33 urban air toxics designated as most important among the 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) (EPA, 1999, 2001a, 2004), and fewer yet are directed towards the remaining 155 HAPs. HAPs exist in the particulate, vapour, and gas phases, and many are listed because of their known or suspected carcinogenicity. Very little attention is given to CHAPTER 10 . USING EXPERIMENTAL DATA TO EVALUATE THE CARCINOGENICITY OF MIXTURES IN AIR POLLUTION
Comparative Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Studies of Flower, Leafand Stem Extracts of Butea monosperma

Background: Butea monosperma, known as Palas, is an Ayurvedic plant, and its various parts have been studied for their medicinal properties. Aim: To carry out a detailed pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of different extracts of flower, leaf and stem of Butea monosperma (BM). Materials and methods: Different plant parts (flowers, leaves, stem powder) were studied for their organoleptic, microscopic and physicochemical characteristics. Extraction of dried powder of different parts of BM, i.e. flowers, leaves and stem was carried out in succession with 3 solvents of increasing polarities, viz. alcohol, hydro-alcohol and water. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on all the extracts using standard procedures. Thin layer chromatography was carried out to assess their qualitative nature. These were then tested quantitatively for their phenol, flavonoid and sterol contents. DPPH (2,2′- diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl) assay was employed to assess their antioxidant capacities. Based on the results of these studies, the selected extracts were chosen for FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant potential) assay, their anti-glycation and anti-inflammatory activity, and the assays were performed using standard methods. Results: The hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts of the flower possessed the maximum phenol and flavonoid content, respectively, along with the highest anti-glycation and anti-inflammatory activities, while the alcoholic extract of the stem showed maximum anti-oxidant properties. Conclusion: A detailed pharmacognostic study was performed on the three parts of BM. The hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts of the flower and the alcoholic extract of the stem proved to be the most effective extracts among all the extracts of the three plant parts in terms of their phytochemical constituents and their antioxidant, anti-glycation and anti-inflammatory activities.
IMAGE-GUIDED NON-LOCAL DENSE MATCHING WITH THREE-STEPS OPTIMIZATION

Abstract. This paper introduces a new image-guided non-local dense matching algorithm that focuses on how to solve the following problems: 1) mitigating the influence of vertical parallax to the cost computation in stereo pairs; 2) guaranteeing the performance of dense matching in homogeneous intensity regions with significant disparity changes; 3) limiting the inaccurate cost propagated from depth discontinuity regions; 4) guaranteeing that the path between two pixels in the same region is connected; and 5) defining the cost propagation function between the reliable pixel and the unreliable pixel during disparity interpolation. This paper combines the Census histogram and an improved histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature together as the cost metrics, which are then aggregated based on a new iterative non-local matching method and the semi-global matching method. Finally, new rules of cost propagation between the valid pixels and the invalid pixels are defined to improve the disparity interpolation results. The results of our experiments using the benchmarks and the Toronto aerial images from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) show that the proposed new method can outperform most of the current state-of-the-art stereo dense matching methods.
Dislocation-governed current-transport mechanism in (Ni/Au)-AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

The current-transport mechanisms in (Ni/Au)–Al0,22Ga0,78N/AlN/GaN heterostructures were studied by using temperature dependent forward-bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in the temperature range of 80–410 K. In order to determine the current mechanisms for (Ni/Au)–Al0,22Ga0,78N/AlN/GaN heterostructures, we fitted the experimental I-V data to the analytical expressions given for the current-transport mechanisms in a wide range of applied biases and at different temperatures. The contributions of thermionic-emission, generation-recombination, tunneling, leakage currents that are caused by inhomogeneities, and defects at the metal-semiconductor interface current mechanisms were all taken into account. The best fitting results were obtained for the tunneling current mechanism. On the other hand, we did not observe sufficient agreement between the experimental data and the other current mechanisms. The temperature dependencies of the tunneling saturation current (It) and tunneling parameters (E0) were .
Profiling Flavonoid Isomers in Highly Complex Citrus Juice Samples Using UPLC Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

IN T RO DU C T IO N The presence of flavonoids in citrus juices has attracted attention because of their biological and physiological benefits. Flavonoids are one of the largest and most widespread classes of compounds that possess diverse pharmacological and biological properties. Such attributes mean many plant species containing flavonoids may be used as functional foods or phytomedicines. The role of flavonoid compounds as markers is important, and identification is a challenge due to sample complexity. Flavonoids are related to the prevention of cancerous processes, reduced risk of some chronic diseases, prevention of cardiovascular disorders, as well as anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities, thus, emphasizing the reason for interest in flavonoids and the constituents of fruit juices. Typical sources of flavonoids are fruits, vegetables, and cereals. Considering these associated health benefits, the impact of food processing and preparation on flavonoid content demands a greater understanding. It is, therefore, essential to be able to profile all major and minor components of fruit juice to enable a better understanding of dietary consequences. Also, the impact of important factors that can influence consumers, such as appearance and taste, influence the commercial value of a product.
Smart Man’s Sericea Lespedeza and Worm Control: A Review

Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don. ) has historically been called “poor man’s alfalfa”, because of its ability to grow on marginal soil with the minimal inputs of lime or fertilizer. With recent research detailing the potential health benefits of this forage to animals, it may be time for a new nickname. Although sericea lespedeza has been used for soil conservation and as an inexpensive (low-input) source of pasture or hay crop for nearly 100 years, research over the last 10-15 years has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (Haemonchus contortus) and protozoan parasites (Eimeria spp.) in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins (CT), has been confirmed in both fresh (grazed) and dried (hay, meal, pellets) forms of sericea lespedeza in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. There is on-going research with this forage to determine the effect of ensiling on its bioactive properties and to validate its anti-parasitic effects on-farm. Future research will focus on determining the mode of action of sericea lespedeza tannins against internal parasites and the interplay between the nutritional value and the health benefits of this plant.
The development of water services and their interaction with water resources in European and Brazilian cities

Abstract. The extension and complexity of large cities creates "urban water" and a related issue: public water services, including public water supply, sewage collection and treatment, and storm water control, had previously become a policy sector separate from water resource allocation issues thanks to water transport and treatment technologies. Large metropolitan areas today cannot take nature for granted anymore, and they need to protect water resources, if only to reduce the long term cost of transporting and treating water. In this paper, we compare the historical development of water services in European and Brazilian metropolitan areas, placing the technological developments in their geographic, socio-economic and political contexts. Our frame is to follow the successive contributions of civil engineering, sanitary engineering, and environmental engineering: the "quantity of water" and civil engineering paradigm allowed to mobilise water in and out of the city, and up the hills or the floors; in the "water quality" and chemical/sanitary engineering paradigm, water treatment gave more freedom to cities to take water from rivers closer to them, but also to reduce sewer discharge impacts; lastly, the environmental engineering paradigm proposes to overcome the supply side perspective, by introducing demand side management, water conservation, water allocation flexibilisation, and an integrated approach to water services, water resources management, and land use policies.
eview ow do ecologists select and use indicator species to monitor cological change ? Insights from 14 years of publication in cological Indicators

Indicator species (IS) are used to monitor environmental changes, assess the efficacy of management, and provide warning signals for impending ecological shifts. Though widely adopted in recent years by ecologists, conservation biologists, and environmental practitioners, the use of IS has been criticized for several reasons, notably the lack of justification behind the choice of any given indicator. In this review, we assess how ecologists have selected, used, and evaluated the performance of the indicator species. We reviewed all articles published in Ecological Indicators (EI) between January 2001 and December 2014, focusing on the number of indicators used (one or more); common taxa employed; terminology, application, and rationale behind selection criteria; and performance assessment methods. Over the last 14 years, 1914 scientific papers were published in EI, describing studies conducted in 53 countries on six continents; of these, 817 (43%) used biological organisms as indicators. Terms used to describe organisms in IS research included “ecological index”, “environmental index”, “indicator species”, “bioindicator”, and “biomonitor,” but these and other terms often were not clearly defined. Twenty percent of IS publications used only a single species as an indicator; the remainder used groups of species as indicators. Nearly 50% of the taxa used as indicators were animals, 70% of which were invertebrates. The most common applications behind the use of IS were to: monitor ecosystem or environmental health and integrity (42%); assess habitat restoration (18%); and assess effects of pollution and contamination (18%). Indicators were chosen most frequently based on previously cited research (40%), local abundance (5%), ecological significance and/or conservation status (13%), or a combination of two or more of these reasons (25%). Surprisingly, 17% of the reviewed papers cited no clear justification for their choice of indicator. The vast majority (99%) of publications used statistical methods to assess the performance of the selected indicators. This review not only improves our understanding of the current uses and applications of IS, but will also inform practitioners about how to better select and evaluate ecological indicators when conducting future IS research. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Observations on bio-optical properties of a phytoplankton bloom in coastal waters off Cochin during the onset of southwest monsoon

A phytoplankton bloom dominated by Chaetoceros pp. was detected in the Arabian Sea, off Cochin coast during May 2009 coinciding the onset of southwest monsoon with an average chlorophyll a concentration of 8.42 mg m -3 at four stations (A, C, D & E) of total 7 stations studied in coastal waters situated between latitudes 9o54’-10o02’ N and longitudes 76o05’-76o12’ E. All the stations were resampled after seven days and found that the average chlorophyll a concentration at the bloom stations has decreased to 2.91 mg m . The inherent optical properties (chlorophyll a , specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient, chlorophyll scattering coefficient) of water were analyzed from the study area. The physico-chemical parameters like dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity and nutrients were estimated for surface waters in these stations using standard methods. The phytoplankton of the study area was identified and their density was recorded. The phytoplankton community composed primarily of diatom Chaetoceros p. in all the stations, with a percentage composition greater than 55 at the bloom. The highest phytoplankton density recorded was 4,89,578 cell no./l at station D. Samples from the bloom showed higher specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient [a* c (λ)] than other stations. a* c (435) varied from 4.11 to 5.68 m 2 g and a* c (665) from 1.45 to 1.80 m 2 g. A survey on purse seine fishery showed a higher pelagic catch in close proximity to the bloom area during this period. Further investigation of absorption properties of blooms using remote sensing at complex case II waters is needed to interpret bio-optical properties as well as fisheries. The present study is the first attempt of this kind off Cochin coast.