Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation of thermal resistance with input power in LEDs

In this paper we report on the thermal analysis of high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a function of input power. The transient thermal measurement method using structure function was employed to investigate the thermal behavior of LEDs at different working conditions. It was shown that a 5 W LED package installed with four chips exhibited an increase of thermal resistance from 7.06 K/W to 8.83 K/W with the input current ranging from 50 mA to 700 mA at the ambient temperature of 25 °C. However, the thermal resistance for a 1 W LED package with one chip was decreased from 20.33 K/W to 19.54 K/W with the input current ranging from 50 mA to 350 mA. Based on our improved LED model, the different trends for the two packages are attributed to the difference in the power dissipated by internal series electrical resistances. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An optimal formulation of the matrix method in statistical mechanics of one‐dimensional interacting units: Efficient iterative algorithmic procedures

Statistical mechanical calculations for one‐dimensional interacting units have undergone great development in many fields of macromolecular science. The partition function is the most rigorous description of an ensemble of molecules in equilibrium. Specific methodological formulations and algorithms were developed to handle numerically the inclusion of long‐range effects (as compared to usual nearest neighbor Ising models) and known sequence‐dependent heterogeneities of biological macromolecules. The most successful approach in formulating these problems in a very general and tractable framework was the so‐called matrix method. Despite several improvements, it was claimed that in practical applications this approach had fundamental limitations inherent to any “matrix” formulation. We show here that a new conceptual formulation allows us to overcome these limitations completely. We propose a general iterative procedure that combines the theoretical advantages of the matrix method with the possibility of highly optimized and efficient numerical algorithms.
Induction of cytochrome P450 as a biomarker for environmental contamination in aquatic ecosystems

Abstract Representing toxicant‐induced changes in biological systems, biomarkers can serve as linkers between contamination (cause) and biological effects, and therefore provide unique information on ecosystem health. Hence, they are increasingly used for assessing the exposure of organisms to environmental contamination. Here, application of the induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), certainly the best studied biomarker, in field trials with freshwater and marine fish is reviewed. Moreover, the use of a number of other biomarkers, alone or in concert with CYP1A, is evaluated. Determination of CYP1A in field studies with fish has to consider several influencing factors, such as species, age, reproductive stage, temperature, and possible inhibitors. The overview shows that CYP1A induction is significantly related to contaminant levels in the environment in 93% of the investigated field studies. It is apparent that only certain classes of xenobiotica act as inducers of CYP1A (e.g., PAHs, coplanar PCBs, pol.
Common bean seed germination and seedling emergence under inoculation with biostimulators

Biostimulating microorganisms have protector effect against pathogenic agents, affect the stand formation, promote plant growth, and increase yield of agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the seed germination and seedling emergence of different common bean cultivars as a function of treatments with Bacillus subtilis BV02 and Trichoderma asperellum BV10. Germination tests in paper rolls and sand were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisted of two cultivars, namely Campos Gerais (CG) and Estilo (ES), and four microorganism treatments, namely B. subtilis BV02 (BS), T. asperellum BV10 (TA), B. subtilis BV02 + T. asperellum BV10 (BS+TA), and Control. The variables analyzed were: germination speed index (GSI), emergence speed index (ESI), germination percentage, emergence percentage, root length, seedling height, and root and shoot fresh and dry weights. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, seedling height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot dry weight than the ES cultivar in the paper roll and sand tests. The common bean seed inoculation with BS+TA increased seedling height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root length in the ES cultivar. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, root fresh weight, and root and shoot dry weights than the ES cultivar. The treatment of seeds with BS+TA is recommended to improve the performance of common bean seedlings of the ES cultivar.
Theoretical investigations for the molecular structures and binding energies for C6H6(H2O) n , (n = 1–7) complexes

The geometrical parameters, vibrational frequencies, and dissociation energies for (H2O) n and C6H6(H2O) n (n = 1–7) clusters have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with various basis sets. The highest levels of theory employed are B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ for optimization and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ for binding energy. The harmonic vibrational frequencies and IR intensities are also determined at the various levels of theory to confirm whether the hydrogen-bonded structure of water complex (W n , n = 1–7) is affected by the presence of benzene. The effect of benzene on the OH stretch modes of benzene–water complex (BW n , n = 1–7) is observed in the π-hydrogen bonded OH stretch. For each of the BW n clusters the intensity of this mode is increased significantly due to charge transfer/polarization interactions and the frequency shifts from W n to BW n are in the range of 40–60 cm−1. The calculations give the binding energies of 2.58, 4.20, 3.27, 3.00, 3.42, 4.14, and 5.49 kcal/mol for BW1–BW7, respectively after ZPVE and 50%-BSSE corrections.
Kahoot! como herramienta para mejorar los resultados académicos en educación superior

The use of more active and participative methodological tools in the classroom is a growing trend in any university. In addition, we observe how it is increasingly common to use smartphones or tablets that allow gamification with students through applications such as Kahoot! Therefore, several works have shown some positive effects of this tool, such as improving the students' interest, attention and motivation. However, very few studies have analyzed whether the use of this Kahoot! tool positively influences students' academic performance. In this paper we present the results of a gamification experience, using the Kahoot! tool, in eight undergraduate subjects related to business management, during the 2018-2019 academic year. We carried out a statistical analysis to identify the average, maximum and minimum scores of the students in the different tests and to relate them to their academic results in the first official examination call. The results show that the subject's final mark is determined by the average mark obtained on the Kahoot! test, the percentage of tests taken and the subject in question.
Fixed‐Bed Adsorption Study for Fumaric Acid Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Amberlite IRA‐400 Resin

A fixed-bed adsorption study was carried out by using a strong base anion-exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-400) for the removal of fumaric acid from aqueous solutions. The breakthrough curves were obtained as a function of flow rate, temperature, feed pH, and inlet fumaric acid concentration. The total adsorption capacity and the percent fumaric acid removal of the resin were calculated. The Yoon-Nelson model was applied to the experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic column parameters required for process design. The breakthrough curves fit the model predictions well.
A Deep Learning Enabled Universal DPD System

Facing the severe power consumption and energy efficiency challenges in 5G era, a novel DPD solution enabled by deep learning and big data is proposed. This is a flexible system suitable for various wireless network architectures and diverse application scenarios. The architecture, mechanism and deployment strategy along with its advantages are presented. Preliminary validation and analyses are also illustrated for the feasibility.
Estimation of the IC to CG Ratio Using JEM‐GLIMS and Ground‐Based Lightning Network Data

The occurrence ratio of intracloud (IC) to cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges, which is denoted by Z‐ratio, is the crucial parameter for the studies on the global electric circuit. However, the latitudinal and regional dependences of Z‐ratio are not fully clarified. Therefore, using optical data obtained by the Global Lightning and Sprite Measurements on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM‐GLIMS), we distinguished the lightning discharge type, that is, IC, positive CG (+CG), and negative CG (−CG) discharges, and statistically estimated the Z‐ratio. We analyzed 8,354 lightning events that obtained by JEM‐GLIMS observation and succeeded in identifying 4,431 IC discharges, 597 +CG discharges, and 3,326 −CG discharges. From this result, we calculated the Z‐ratio over many regions around the world and estimated its latitudinal and regional dependences. It is found that the Z‐ratio over the continental area is larger than the oceanic area. We also found that the Z‐ratio significantly decreases with the latitude, which is generally comparable to the results shown in the previous studies. The estimated Z‐ratio varies from 2.9–0.29 from the equator to 50° latitude, and the global mean value is 1.6. The regional dependence of Z‐ratio derived from this study can be combined with the CG lightning data provided by the ground‐based lightning detection networks to estimate the occurrence number of IC discharges. Then, the occurrence number of both IC and CG discharges can be used for calculating a more accurate estimation of the total lightning currents in the global electric circuit.
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants

In recent years, the development of efficient green chemistry methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a major focus of researchers. They have investigated in order to find an eco-friendly technique for production of well-characterized nanoparticles. One of the most considered methods is production of metal nanoparticles using organisms. Among these organisms plants seem to be the best candidates and they are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable and the rate of synthesis is faster than in the case of microorganisms. Moreover, the nanoparticles are more various in shape and size in comparison with those produced by other organisms. The advantages of using plant and plant-derived materials for biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles have interested researchers to investigate mechanisms of metal ions uptake and bioreduction by plants, and to understand the possible mechanism of metal nanoparticle formation in plants. In this review, most of the plants used in metal nanoparticle synthesis are shown.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Disease on Distance Super-Market Sales

The study aims to investigate the change in the habits of Super Market consumers regarding the realization of purchases from a distance, after the announcement of the measures for the protection of the citizens from the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Specifically, the article examines the attitude of Greek Super Market consumers towards distance shopping (on line or telephone sales), before and during the pandemic. The choice of this country is important given that the Super Market online stores in Greece are under development and the appearance of COVID-19 is expected to expand the sales channels (multichannel distribution) directly affecting the profitability of the specific sector. From the processing of the questionnaires of 230 customers who were asked before and during the pandemic, it emerged that a sharp change in social living conditions can significantly affect the selected consumer market channel.
Stirling‐cycle rotating magnetic refrigerators and heat engines for use near room temperature

The application (or removal) of a magnetic field to the ferromagnetic Gd metal near its Curie point (293 K) will produce adiabatic heating (or cooling) of 14 K or isothermal expulsion (or absorption) of 32 kJ of heat per liter of Gd metal. A refrigerator and a heat engine are described for which porous Gd metal forms the rim of a wheel rotating into and out of a magnetic field region. Fluid forced to flow through the porous metal exchanges heat; the field and flow configurations are such that the metal executes a magnetic Stirling cycle allowing a very wide temperature span (many times 14 K) while maintaining the 32‐kJ/l capacity. Efficiencies approaching that of Carnot are expected at 1‐Hz rotation rates, resulting in 32‐kW/l refrigeration or heating capacity.
Growth of Carbon Nanofibers from Ni/Y Zeolite Based Catalysts: Effects of Ni Introduction Method, Reaction Temperature, and Reaction Gas Composition

Results of thorough studies of the catalytic synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by the decomposition of ethylene using Y zeolite as the support and Ni as the active phase were discussed. Experimental results clearly indicated that the metal-incorporation method (ion exchange or impregnation) had very significant effects not only on CNFs growth but also on the deactivation rate, the final yield of CNFs, and the characteristics of the synthesized CNFs. CNFs synthesized from the impregnated catalyst grew from small and well-dispersed Ni particles anchored to the outer surface of the zeolite. Nevertheless, CNFs synthesized from the ion-exchanged catalyst grew from Ni particles (of very small size) lodged inside the pore system of the zeolite. Reaction temperature and C 2 H 4 /H 2 (v/v) had a considerable effect on both carbon yield and CNFs morphology. Two types of CNFs were observed as a function of the reaction temperature: fishbone structures at temperatures below 600° C and tubular structures at temperatures above 600° C. On the other hand, as the C 2 H 4 /H 2 ratio was decreased, the CNFs became slightly more graphitic in nature and the arrangement of graphite sheets changed from the fishbone structure to octopus carbon.
The Caco-2 cell monolayer: usefulness and limitations

Background: The Caco-2 monolayer has been used extensively for the high-throughput screening of drug permeability and identification of substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of intestinal transporters, especially P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Traditionally, the Caco-2 monolayer is viewed as a single barrier rather than a polarized cell monolayer consisting of metabolic enzymes that are sandwiched between two membrane barriers with distinctly different transporters. Objective: This review addressed the usefulness and limitations of the Caco-2 cell monolayer in drug discovery and mechanistic studies. Methods: This mini-review covered applications of the Caco-2 monolayer, clarified misconceptions, and critically addressed issues on data interpretation. Conclusion: The catenary model extends the usefulness of Caco-2 monolayer and provides proper mechanistic insight and data interpretation.
PELP1 expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and promotes tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance through MAPK signaling pathway.

Background Lung cancer is one of the tumors with high morbidity and mortality among males and females worldwide. Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1(PELP1) is an estrogen receptor coactivator and functions as a scaffolding protein. Its oncogenic signaling was involved in the progression of several cancers. However, there is little known about the role of PELP1 in the lung cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the role of PELP1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods The expression of PELP1 in microarrays of lung cancer tissue and correlation with clinicopathological parameters were performed. RNA interference technology was used to downregulate PELP1 expression in A549 lung cancer cells and the tumor cell’s ability of proliferation, migration, invasion was detected by Cell Count Kit-8 and trans-well essay. In addition, whole genome exon was analyzed by poly-A RNA-sequencing. Results Results showed that PELP1 is overexpressed in the lung cancer specimens and its expression correlate with histological type, smoking status, and EGFR status but no significant prognostic value. Knockdown of PELP1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, silencing PELP1 in lung tumor cells promotes the sensitivity of tumor cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gefitinib. RNA-sequencing and Western-blotting found that 140 genes were up-regulated and 143 genes were down-regulated in PELP1 silenced lung adenocarcinoma cells, which mainly affected the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, PPAR signaling pathway, Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, drug metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, RIG-1-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusions PELP1 plays a key role in non-small cell lung cancer proliferation, progression, and drug resistance. These results suggest that PELP1 could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention for lung cancer.
Effects of 7·5 vol.-% water vapour on oxidation of nickel based alloy between 900 and 1100°C

A Ni based SY 625 alloy was oxidised at 900, 1000 and 1100°C under dry and wet conditions. Water vapour has little effect on the oxidation rate and scale composition. At 900 and 1000°C, the outer scale is composed of Cr2O3, and a continuous NbNi4–Ni3Mo subscale is found at the oxide/alloy interface. At 1100°C, the scale is composed of an outer chromia scale and an internal CrNbO4 subscale. Nevertheless, the oxide scale morphology differs between dry and wet conditions. Under dry conditions, the oxide scale appears to be compact, and chromia pegs are observed at the internal interface. The oxide scales formed under wet conditions show that porosities spread inside the scale, and the chromia grain size is smaller. At 1100°C, some scale spallation is observed under dry and wet conditions probably due to the molybdenum oxidation, leading to MoO3 evaporation and void accumulation at the internal interface.
Analysis of the interaction of cathode microprotrusions with low-temperature plasmas

On real cathode surfaces which are in contact with plasmas, micrometre-sized protrusions are abundant. A two-dimensional numerical model has been developed to investigate the interaction of such a cathodic micro-tip with a low-temperature plasma. The model allows integration and analysis of the various physical effects and an evaluation of their specific role in the heating, emission and erosion of cathode surfaces. In particular, the influence of heating due to the intense ion flux from the plasma sheath onto the cathode surface has been investigated in detail. Special attention was paid to the simultaneous action of strong electric fields in the cathode fall region. The plasma-cathode interaction is analysed for a range of parameters typical for high-current-density, low-pressure gas discharges and vacuum arcs. The temporal evolution of the thermophysical properties of the micro-tip, its interaction with the resulting metal vapour and its shape are modelled on a nanosecond time scale. Special cases of the evolution of microemitters have been identified, such as quasi-stationary emission on a microsecond time scale and extremely fast, explosive-like behaviour with emitter lifetimes on a nanosecond time scale. It is found that ion bombardment heating plays an essential part in the inception of emissive and erosive behaviour for a wide range of parameters.
Linking Responsible Leadership and Sustainability Challenges

Leadership in business and society is responsible for a large part of the decision-making related to policymaking and resource allocation that in turn influences social and environmental outcomes and economic windfalls. The theory and practice of education and learning in business schools is being called on for reforms in order to nurture responsible leadership for business and society that may align well with the triple bottom-line challenge of sustainability (i.e., economic, social, and environmental). We can find state-of-the-art research studies from definition to historical evolution and dimensions of responsible leadership specifically related to corporate sustainability. The role of curriculum design is central to enabling business schools to nurture responsible leaders who are considerate toward the external effects of their internal decision-making, thus seeking to balance the broader stakeholders’ objectives. Several global initiatives have been undertaken by multilateral institutions such as the UN, business schools, and enterprises in the corporate sector to foster a commitment to responsible leadership and allied reforms in teaching in business schools regarding corporate sustainability. These forums, at both the corporate and academic fronts, have contributed to theoretical development and practices for teaching and learning related to responsible leadership in higher education, specifically in business schools. These initiatives stress that business schools and their academic faculty, who intend to serve as custodians of business and society, must make necessary curriculum reforms to meet the challenges of sustainability by embracing their own transformation.
Insights into Hägg Iron-Carbide-Catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Suppression of CH4 Formation and Enhancement of C–C Coupling on χ-Fe5C2 (510)

Probing the product selectivity of Fischer–Tropsch catalysts is of prime scientific and industrial importance—with the aim to upgrade products and meet various end-use applications. In this work, the mechanisms for CH4 formation and C1–C1 coupling on a thermodynamically stable, terraced-like χ-Fe5C2 (510) surface were studied by DFT calculations. It was found that this surface exhibits high effective barriers of CH4 formation for the three cases (i.e., 3.66, 2.81, and 2.39 eV), indicating the unfavorable occurrence of CH4 formation under FTS conditions. The C + CH and CH + CH are the most likely coupling pathways, which follow the carbide mechanism. Subsequently, the effective barrier difference between CH4 formation and C1–C1 coupling was used as a descriptor to quantify FTS selectivity. A comparison of the selectivity between this surface and the reported FTS catalysts’ surfaces was discussed in detail. More interestingly, this surface shows unexpectedly high C2+ selectivity. This indicates that manipul.
Desorption of Salicylic Acid from Modified Bentonite by Using Supercritical Fluids in Packed Bed Column

ABSTRACT Desorption of salicylic acid from organically modified bentonite by using supercritical fluids (SCFs) was studied. The parameters, such as pressure, temperature, SCF flow rate, and cosolvent (entraîner) concentration, were investigated. A desorption yield of 40 wt% salicylic acid was obtained by using supercritical CO2 by operating at low pressure (300 bar), low temperature (40°C), and 2 mL CO2/min, it reached up to 77 wt% in the presence of ethanol as cosolvent 10 vol%. Similarly, a maximum desorption yield of 76wt% salicylic acid was obtained by using supercritical C02 by operating at high pressure (500 bar), high temperature (80°C), and 2 mL SC CO2/min, it reached up to 98 wt% in the presence of ethanol as cosolvent 10vol%. Hence, it was concluded that the mean contents in the desorbed solute are approximately 1.5-2-fold higher by addition of 10vol% ethanol than only supercritical CO2 desorption process.