Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

Major moving biological fluids, or biofluids, are blood and air that cooperate to bring oxygen to the body’s cells and eliminate carbon dioxide produced by these cells. Blood is conveyed in a closed network composed of 2 circuits in series — the systemic and pulmonary circulation —, each constituted by arteries, capillaries, and veins, under the synchronized action of the left and right cardiac pumps, respectively. Air is successively inhaled from and exhaled to the atmosphere through the airway openings (nose and/or mouth). In the head, blood generates the cerebrospinal fluid in choroid plexi of all compartments of the ventricular system and receives it in arachnoid villi. Other biofluids are either secreted, such as bile from the liver and breast milk that both transport released substances with specific tasks, or excreted, such as urine from kidneys or sweat from skin glands that both convey useless materials and waste produced by the cell metabolism. In addition to the convective transport, peristalsis, which results from the radial contraction and relaxation of mural smooth muscles, propels the content of the lumen of the muscular bioconduit (e.g., digestive tract) in an anterograde direction. Blood circulation and air flow in the respiratory tract are widely explored because of their vital functions. Note that inhaled air is transported through the respiratory tract by two processes: convection down to bronchioles and diffusion down to pulmonary alveoli.1 Furthermore, investigations of these physiological flows in deformable bioconduits give rise to models such as the Starling resistance that themselves become object of new study fields in physics and mechanics (e.g., collapsible tubes) as well as of new developments in math- ematical modeling and scientific computing. Whereas fluid–structure interaction problems in aeronautics and civil engineering deal with materials of distinct properties, blood stream and vessel wall correspond to two domains of nearly equal physical properties, as both blood and vessels have densities close to that of water. New processing strategies must then be conceived.
Temperature induced phase transformations of molecular nanoclusters

We report results from canonical molecular dynamics (MD) and jump-walking Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which show two sequential solid–solid transformations of nanosized (B2 nm) free TeF6 clusters on cooling below their solidification point. MC andMD simulations define the same temperature interval (7674)K for the discontinuous (first order) transformation of 59-molecule TeF6 clusters and (2975)K for the continuous transformation. We conclude that the ergodic requirements can be satisfied in solid–solid transformations of these specific clusters. The discontinuous transition is characterized with dynamically coexisting phases in a single cluster observed in MD simulations. The coexisting phases are stabilized by kinetics of small systems, although they might be thermodynamically unstable in the bulk of the same material. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Levels of Preference for Drinking Collagen Drinks the Result of Extracts from Nilem Fish Skins

The purpose of this study is to determine the levels and concentration of stabilizers and determine the appropriate levels of sucrose and milk to the level of organoleptic preference for collagen drink products extracted from Nilem fish skin. The study take place in two stages, stage 1 used an experimental method with nine (9) treatments namely xanthan 0.20% (b/v), xanthan 0.25% (b/v), xanthan 0.30% (b/v), CMC 0,20% (b/v), CMC 0.25% (b/v), CMC 0.30% (b/v), xanthan-CMC (1: 1) 0.20% (b/v), xanthan -CMC (1: 1) 0.25% (b/v), and xanthan-CMC (1: 1) 0.20% (b/v). Stage 2 used trial method with six (6) treatments namely 5% sucrose with 0.25% (b/v) skim milk, 5% sucrose with 0.50% skim milk (b/v), 10% sucrose with skim milk 0.25% (b/v), 10% sucrose with skim milk 0.50% (b/v), 15% sucrose with 0.25% (b/v) skim milk and 5% sucrose with skim milk 0.50% (b/v). The stabilizers and concentrations used are the results of the best treatment stage 1. All experiments are repeated 3 times. The parameters observed in stage 1 are the stability, viscosity and pH of collagen drinks. The parameters observed in stage 2 are the level of preference for flavor and smell of collagen drinks. Furthermore, the most preferred collagen drinks are observed for their taste and pH. All data is analysed descriptively based on research results showed that the best stabilizer in collagen drinks was xanthan with a concentration of 0.30% (b/v). The viscosity value is 290 mps and pH is 4.42. The most preferred collagen drinks by considering the taste and smell were obtained from sucrose treatment 10% (b/v) vs. skim 0.25% (b/v). Viscosity and pH are 297 mPa-s and pH 5.15.
The Behavior of Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) in Post-Extraction Sockets

Los injertos de hueso autologo son considerados el "gold standard" en regeneracion osea debido a sus propiedades osteogenicas; sin embargo, debido a la limitada cantidad de sitios intraorales y la necesidad de resolver las necesidades de los pacientes, es que se requiere una alternativa para el mismo. Dos pacientes masculinos fueron sometidos a una cirugia de implantes en dos etapas con 6 meses de intervalo entre cada una de ellas: la primera consistio en la exodoncia y el posicionamiento del injerto de DBM en el alveolo; la segunda etapa consistio en el fresado con una trefina de dos milimetros de diametro interno en el centro del reborde alveolar previamente injertado con DBM y luego se posiciono el implante. Las muestras fueron analizadas bajo tecnicas histologicas. Un hueso muy maduro fue observado a los 6 meses de haber injertado el DBM en los alveolos, demostrando que podria ser una buena alternativa como injerto oseo.
HAITooL: An innovative antibiotic stewardship decision-supporting system to improve antibiotic prescription effectiveness

HAITooL is a surveillance and decision-support tool for physicians, the Infection and Prevention Control Team, pharmacists, and microbiologists. It integrates patients, microbiology and pharmacy data, from multiple sources, enabling effective monitoring of antibiotic resistance, antibiotic use and provides an antibiotic prescription decision- supporting system by clinicians, strengthening patient safety. HAITooL information system design and implementation, based on Design Science Research Methodology, ensured full participation, in close collaboration of a multidisciplinary team of researchers and healthcare professionals. Leadership commitment, multidisciplinary team and mainly informaticians engagement was crucial to the implementation process. The design, development and implementation process reveals benefits in organizational and behavior change with success.
Short-Circuit Fault Diagnosis and Post-Fault Control with Adaptive PLL-Based Synchronization for a Multi-Phase Quasi-Square-Wave DC-DC Converter

Fault-tolerant power management units have regained attention due to the rapid development of autonomous vehicles. This paper presents: 1) a fast short-circuit fault diagnosis method, which prevents turning on into a short-circuit, and 2) an adaptive post-fault control for a multi-phase variable-frequency Quasi-Square-Wave (QSW) synchronous buck converter with more than two phases. The converter employs GaN device as the primary switch due to its better figure-of-merit, while using Si device as protection switch due to superior short-circuit immunity. In this paper, the QSW operation mode and a multi-phase structure are combined to achieve enhanced efficiency and fault tolerance. The switching-node voltage during the dead-time intervals is used as the short-circuit fault signature. The adaptive post-fault control utilizes a PLL-based synchronization method in a closed daisy-chain arrangement to: 1) guarantee QSW operation mode regardless of the variable switching frequency due to the inductance value tolerance, and 2) automatically adjust the interleaving phase shifts between phases following a fault detection. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated and verified in a 75-W four-phase system.
Topicseg: Enhanced Tweet Distribution and Its Detection

Twitter-has concerned about lots of using people’s distribute maximum latest facts, ensuing in a huge content of facts evolved each moment. on the other hand, the short form of texts made numerous serious issues in the utilizations of Information retrieval (IR) and NLP. Now, we propose a setup for topic segmentation in a group mode, referred to as TopicSeg. By partitioning given topics into considerable fragments, the semantic and context information is properly stored and with no problem retrieved by means of the downstream utility. By increasing the total adhesiveness report score of its prospect portions is the method followed by TopicSeg to achieve the excellent tweet segmentation. The adhesiveness report considers the possibility of a section being a portion in English. After that we suggest and compare 2 fashions to get with neighborhood context with including the linguistic systems and term -dependency in a batch of twitter posts correspondingly. Tests on tweet facts models illustrate that tweet segmentationcost is notably multiplied via learning each worldwide and local contexts in comparability with the help of global context only. Through evaluation and evaluation, we show that local linguistic systems are greater dependable for expertise neighborhood context examine with term –dependency
Time-dependent palm probabilities and queueing applications

This study shows that time-dependent Palm probabilities of a nonstationary process are expressible as integrals of a certain stochastic intensity process. A consequence is a characterization of a Poisson process in terms of time-dependent Palm probabilities. These two results are analogous to results of Papangelou and Mecke, respectively, for stationary point processes. Included is a new proof of Watanabe’s characterization of a Poisson process. Next, using stochastic intensities of time-dependent Palm probabilities, we present conditions under which the distribution of a stochastic process (e.g., a queueing process) at a fixed time is equal to its Palm probability distribution conditioned on a jump at that time. This result is a time-dependent analogue of an ASTA property (arrivals see time averages) for stationary processes. Another result is that, for an asymptotically stationary process, a Palm probability Pt conditioned on a point at a time t converges weakly to a Palm probability for a stationary process as t → ∞. We also present formulas for time-dependent Palm probabilities of Markov processes, and Little laws for queueing systems that relate queue-length processes to time-dependent Palm probabilities of sojourn times of the items in the system.
Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow

Today I am typing words on a page. Suppose today were different. Suppose I were typing different words. Then plainly tomorrow would be different also; for instance, different words would appear on the page. Would yesterday also be different? If so, how? Invited to answer, you will perhaps come up with something. But I do not think there is anything you can say about how yesterday would be that will seem clearly and uncontroversially true. The way the future is depends counterfactually on the way the present is. If the present were different, the future would be different; and there are counterfactual conditionals, many of them as unquestionably true as counterfactuals ever get, that tell us a good deal about how the future would be different if the present were different in various ways. Likewise the present depends counterfactually on the past, and in general the way things are later depends on the way things were earlier. Not so in reverse. Seldom, if ever, can we find a clearly true counterfactual about how the past would be different if the present were somehow different. Such a counterfactual, unless clearly false, normally is not clear one way or the other. It is at best doubtful whether the past depends counterfactually on the present, whether the present depends on the future, and in general whether the way things are earlier depends on the way things will be later. Often, indeed, we seem to reason in a way that takes it for granted that the past is counterfactually independent of the present: that is, that even if the present were different, the
Recent change in the productivity and schematicity of the way-construction: A distributional semantic analysis

Abstract This paper presents a corpus-based study of recent change in the English way-construction, drawing on data from the 1830s to the 2000s. Semantic change in the distribution of the construction is characterized by means of a distributional semantic model, which captures semantic similarity between verbs through their co-occurrence frequency with other words in the corpus. By plotting and comparing the semantic domain of the three senses of the construction at different points in time, it is found that they all have gained in semantic diversity. These findings are interpreted in terms of increases in schematicity, either of the verb slot or the motion component contributed by the construction.
On a Transition Detection Method by Flattering the Spectrum of Speech Signal

In speech signal processing, there are various methods to enhanced the signals. But due to the characteristics of the deterioration of the Speech, the restoration of the clipped signals are focused on the voiced sound, making the researchers focus on the quality enhancement of the low frequency. Therefore we have focused on emphasizing the ratio of the low frequency and the differentiation of the voiced and the unvoiced sounds in enhancing the quality and restoration of the speech. In this research we propose a method which enhances the voice signals by dividing the down mix and the low frequency. We differentiate the signals and use the fact that signals have little effect on perception to make voice part, and isolated the high frequency part through low pass filter.
Competición y cooperación entre principios intrínsecos y extrínsecos de agrupamiento perceptivo en el ámbito de la visión

Title: Competition and cooperation between intrinsic and extrinsic percep- tual grouping principles in vision. Abstract: In the present study, we examined the interactions between in- trinsic (proximity and similarity) and extrinsic (common region) grouping principles. In three experiments, each principle was displayed alone or con- joined with another principle both in a competitive or cooperating way. When common region and similarity principles were used (Experiments 1a & 1b), the results showed that the grouping strength of conjoined cooper- ating principles was greater than the strength of either principle alone, and the grouping strength of conjoined competing principles was lesser than that of either principle alone. In contrast, when common region and prox- imity principles were used (Experiment 2), the grouping effect of proximity acting alone was similar to that of competing conjoined principles. The re- sults suggest that the interactions between grouping principles might be modulated by the relative salience of the principles acting alone.
Does country of origin affect brand associations? The case of Italian brands in China

Findings related to how country of origin affects consumers' product evaluations are still not consistent. Previous studies are mainly based on experiments and the results related to consumer judgements come from the elaboration of scores given to semantic scale items. Considering that brand image consists of a network of associations, the aim of this research is to evaluate how country of origin affects this entire network. An experiment was conducted involving 301 Chinese subjects to test the hypothesis that country stereotypes can be transferred to brands. 在营销领域里原产地已经不是一个新概念，但是它如何影响消费者对产品评估的结论仍不明显。 研究结果取决于国家涉入（原产地与评估原产地的国民），同样取决产品/品牌，学术范围决定研究原产地的影响。 原产地能够间接生成对品牌及属性的联想，所以联想与信念与国家联系在一起能够转换到品牌本身 (Pappu et al., 2006; Keller 2003a; Aaker, 1991)。 一些学术研究开始了解是否对原产地的影响估计过高，研究轻信原产地或使它作为一个独立的线索扩展重要性。 试图弥补这个空缺，本研究目的在于理解 “生产于” 的意识在没有被消费者预先定义属性的情况下如何影响品牌联想，研究关注以意大利为原产地的例子。 很多之前的研究都关注与特殊的属性，例如质量 (Insch & McBride, 2004) 或者特殊的联想，例如享乐主义 (Leclerc, Schmitt, & Dubé, 1994)，并且通过一系列的属性或语义差别测量项目进行测试 (Papadopoulos, Heslop, & Bamossy, 1990; Nagashima, 1970)。 虽然联想会因消费者对品牌与国家而有很多与很高的变化。 因此我们设计一个实验来验证两个假设：假设1：独立品牌联想取决于对原产地的了解；假设2：当消费者了解原产地时，独立品牌联想更多关系到国家的刻板印象。 在实验中我们对301位浙江大学（中国，杭州）的本科生进行了提问来判断品牌产品。 尤其是我们让他们去自由联想产品/品牌的属性，通过卡片向他们展示产品的外形（带有翻译的品牌名称，图片与简要说明）。 研究共涉及六个产品，他们的品牌与分类都是不同的，以此来保证样本的多样性不被具体的翻译方法，品牌名称及产品分类影响。 通过观察每一个刺激因素，每个学生表达他/她对两个品牌/产品的意见（1 比较生活消费品与1科技工业品）。 一些参与者了解分析的产品为意大利生产（59%），另一些参与者没有被告知产品的原产地。 运用对应分析 (Benzécri, 1973; Greenacre, 1984) 与卡方检验来评估自发品牌联想取决于对原产地的了解。 假设1与假设2都没有被支持。 研究结果建议消费者并不受到 “生产于” 信息的影响，因为在他们思维中的联想网络并不会因为他们知道品牌的原产地而受到改变。 研究结果的理由由两部分组成：第一，应答者或许不具备对意大利或意大利特征的了解；第二，我们要求的独立品牌联想代替记录一系列属性，并且在我们的了解，之前并没有类似的研究。 研究结果支持最近的观点，以往的研究过多原产地信息的影响 (Samie et al. 2005) 也取决于一些研究方法的偏好。 我们建议营销者不得不仔细考虑他们要在哪个国家运营来决定使用原产地作为品牌鉴定的要素。 在新兴（变化）的国家人口往往不了解外国的经济、社会与生活方式，所以对原产地并没有间接的了解。 这个案例以宏观范围（例如欧洲或美国）为首选。
Radiation Properties and Coupling Analysis of a Metamaterial Based, Dual Polarization, Dual Band, Multiple Split Ring Resonator Antenna

We demonstrate an electrically small antenna that operates at two modes, which correspond to two orthogonal polarizations. The antenna was single fed and composed of perpendicularly placed metamaterial elements and a monopole. One of the metamaterial elements was a multi split ring resonator (MSRR), and the other one was a split ring resonator (SRR). The elements' physical sizes were the same while the electrical sizes differed nearly by 1 GHz. This variety resulted in the dual mode operation at the 4.72 GHz and 5.76 GHz frequencies. When the antenna operated in the MSRR mode at 4.72 GHz for one polarization, it simultaneously operated for the SRR mode at 5.76 GHz, but for the perpendicular polarization. The efficiencies of the modes were 15% and 40%, and electrical sizes were λ/11.2 and λ/9.5, correspondingly. Finally, we numerically demonstrate the effect of coupling of the two resonators on the operation frequencies.
“ Nothing Left to Lose ” : Risk Attitudes Among Vulnerable Households by

Poverty induces vulnerability in many dimensions, including health, literacy, and finances. Poverty is associated with volatility in both income and expenses. The ability of a person in poverty to manage such multi-dimensional risk depends to a large extent on risk attitudes. In order to design effective tools and solutions that can assist in managing vulnerability it is important to understand the relationship between vulnerability and risk attitudes. This study investigates how risk preferences are related to household characteristics that are indicative of vulnerability due to poverty. We combine survey responses about family characteristics and finances with observed choices in experimental settings with risky choice tasks from a population of working poor individuals. We define measures of vulnerability based on household size and composition, in addition to employment, earnings and education. We find robust significant effects of these measures on the risky choices. Importantly, we find that some vulnerability measures are associated with stronger risk aversion but others are associated with weaker risk aversion. This qualitative heterogeneity in risk attitudes has implications for public policy as well as for the design of insurance and credit instruments for this population. The individual’s choice to either self-insure through savings, or to rely on credit, or to purchase formal insurance products, or to depend on publicly provided safety-nets will vary with what type of vulnerabilities that characterizes their household.
Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Carbon Decomposition Molecular Controls and Environmental Feedbacks

The world’s soils contain three times as much carbon as the atmosphere. Thus, any changes in this carbon pool may affect atmospheric CO2 levels with implications for climate change. Anthropogenic contributions to global carbon and nitrogen cycles have increased in the last century. Both temperature and nitrogen influence decomposition processes and are therefore critical in determining CO2 return to the atmosphere. Kinetic theory predicts that the chemical composition of soil organic matter represents a dominant influence on the temperature response of decomposition. However, empirical observations and modeling indicate that this relationship is constrained by other factors. We address a number of research questions related to these factors, which are central to a thorough understanding of temperature sensitivity in decomposition. Specifically it offers one of the first empirical observations consistent with modeling in demonstrating increased temperature sensitivity for the uptake of carbon monomers over microbial cell membranes. Using NMR spectroscopy we were able to demonstrate how temperature response is directly related to the chemical composition of the organic material present. The thesis shows how increased soil nitrogen reduces temperature response. The key mechanism behind this observation, we suggest, is the influence of nitrogen on the chemical composition of organic matter, mediating a direct effect on temperature response. Given that nitrogen availability in terrestrial ecosystems has doubled relative to preindustrial levels, this observation may be vital in understanding the net effect of temperature increase on CO2 return to the atmosphere. The proportion of carbon in plant litter transformed by microorganisms into biomass (carbon use efficiency; CUE) is a central factor determining global land-atmosphere CO2 exchange. CUE was highly sensitive to whether carbon monomers or polymers were degraded; yet temperature had no clear effect on CUE. The majority of soil organic matter is comprised of polymers, highlighting the importance of using these as model substrates in studies of CUE. This thesis represents a major contribution to our understanding of the intrinsic and external controls acting on temperature sensitivity of decomposition, and thus to regulation of CO2 return to the atmosphere under a changing climate.
Usage and Diffusion of Biotechnology Virtual Labs for Enhancing University Education in India's Urban and Rural Areas

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-enabled virtual laboratories provide an online learning experience with the aid of computer-based instructional materials (animation, simulation, and remote-trigger experiments) for improving the active learning process. The project reported on in this chapter was set up in order to enhance university and college education, which is now becoming an advanced training environment for solving the geographical, social, and economic challenges faced in the interdisciplinary field of science education, especially in India. In order to study the role of biotechnology virtual laboratories in the current education system, a pedagogical survey, via workshops and online feedback, was carried out among several student and teacher groups of different Indian universities. This chapter reports how virtual labs in biotechnology can be used to improve teaching and learning experiences in an easy and understandable way with user interaction and how such tools serve to effectively reduce the problems of laboratory education especially in remote areas. The results obtained from user-feedback analysis suggest the use of virtual labs as a recommended component in blended education in large classroom scenarios for enhancing autonomous learning process and as an alternative to enhance lab education in geographically remote and economically challenged institutes.