Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socialization Processes in Encoding and Decoding: Learning Effective Nonverbal Behavior.

This study examined the relationship of nonverbal encoding and decoding skills to the level of exposure to television. Subjects were children in second through sixth grade. Three nonverbal skills (decoding, spontaneous encoding, and posed encoding) were assessed for each of five emotions: anger, disgust, fear or surprise, happiness, and sauness. In the decoding task, subjects identified which of the five emotions were being expressed in 20 videotaped facial expressions. Spontaneous encoding ability was assessed by having subjects view movie clips selected and pretested to elicit one of the five emotions. While subjects watched these clips, their nonverbal reactions were videotaped and later shown to judges who identified which emotion was being expressed in each display. Posed encoding ability was collected by having subjects use facial expressions to express each of the five emotions. Subjects also kept a one-week television viewing log. Analysis showed that level of exposure to television was associated with nonverbal behavioral skills. Subjects who watched television at high levels were significantly more accurate when encoding and decoding emotions that appear frequently on television shows than for emotions that appear infrequently. These results support the hypothesis that television viewing is associated with the ability to decode and encode certain emotions. (Contains 24 references.) (MM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** erff, Socialization Processes in Encoding and Decoding: Learning Effective Nonverbal Behavior Robert S. Feldman and Erik Coats University of Massachusetts--Amherst U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EtNiCATION Office of Educaloonol Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) %/lints document haS been reprOduCed as eCenved from the person or otgenozahon Originating ,1 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quoddy Points of view or oremons stated in this document do not necessarily rettgesent Official OE RI positron or policy A symposium paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development
An overview of the genome sequence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense' - Australian strain

The chromosome sequence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ was determined. The circular chromosome comprised of ~880 kb with a GC content of 27% containing 839 predicted ORFs. Initial comparative analysis of ‘Ca. P. australiense’ with ‘Ca. Phytoplasma asteris’ strains OY-M and AY-WB showed that the gene order was more conserved between the closely related ‘Ca. P. asteris’ strains than to ‘Ca. P. australiense’. Prominent differences observed between ‘Ca. P. australiense’ and ‘Ca. P. asteris’ strains included the genome size (about 19 kb larger than OYM); encoded the largest number of genes with assigned functions and hypothetical proteins with unknown functions.
Responses of mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperatures to gravity wave forcing during stratospheric sudden warming

We examine the responses of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) temperatures to gravity waves (GWs) during stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) using TIME‐GCM through modifying GW parameters. Our study confirms that the height of GW forcing region is mainly determined by GW amplitude and wavelength, and its vertical depth is closely tied to the spectral width of GW phase speed. The GW forcing controls the pattern and strength of residual circulation and thereby the characteristics of the MLT cooling and warming regions. The planetary wave (PW) forcing in the MLT also affects the vertical depth and magnitude of MLT temperature anomalies through further modifying the residual circulation. These PWs in MLT are likely generated in‐situ by the GW forcing at high latitudes. Therefore, the mechanisms of GW controlling the MLT temperature during a SSW are directly through GW forcing and indirectly through generating PWs in‐situ.
Rapid earthquake rupture duration estimates from teleseismic energy rates, with application to real‐time warning

We estimate the seismic rupture durations from global large earthquakes (moment magnitude ≥ 7.0) by characterizing changes in the radiated P‐wave energy and by introducing the time‐averaged cumulative energy rate (TACER), which approximates rupture duration based on the peak first local maximum of an earthquake's high‐frequency energy measured at teleseismic broadband seismometers. TACER is particularly useful for real‐time evaluations, including the identification of slow‐rupturing tsunami earthquakes. In cases of long unilateral earthquake rupture and good azimuthal station distribution, the per‐station behavior of TACER may identify the approximate rupture direction, rupture velocity, and length due to directivity effects. We retrospectively analyze 93 earthquakes between 2000 and 2009, and analyze another 65 earthquakes using real‐time observations between January 2009 and December 2012. Real‐time and retrospective results are comparable and similar to the duration expected from other studies where duration grows as the cubed‐root of seismic moment.
Cannabinoids suppress the innate immune response to periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival epithelial cells.

vi List of Figures.vii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 Periodontal Disease. 1 1.2 Immunity&Inflammation.2 1.3 Periodontal Pathogen P. gingivalis.3 1.4 Other periodontal pathogens. 5 1.5 Cannabinoids and their anti-inflammatory mechanisms . 6 1.6 Telomerase immortalized Gingival keratinocytes (TIGKs). 9 Chapter 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Bacterial Culture. 10 2.2 Cell Culture . 11 2.3 Infection conditions for ELISA. 12
Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Benzo-Fused Seven- and Eight-membered Ring Lactams: A Convenient Approach to Biologically Interesting Chemotypes

Abstract A general and efficient method for the synthesis of benzo-fused 7- and 8-membered ring lactams via the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclic oximes is presented. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Correlation of Serum IL-4 Levels in New and MDR Tuberculosis Patients

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects approximately one third of world population. Many cytokines are produced during tuberculosis, with predominance of Th1 cytokines during the early stage and Th2 cytokines in the later stages of the infection. Most studies on cytokines during TB are from ‘in vitro’-stimulated lymphoid cells with few reports on in vivo plasma levels. The high expression of IL-4 has been implicated as a virulence factor. In the present study we examined the level of IL-4 in the serum of active tuberculosis in new cases, during anti-tubercular therapy and MDR cases. This Study was conducted at Department Of Microbiology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh. A total 76 blood samples of Pulmonary & Extra-Pulmonary tuberculosis patients were tested by ELISA (Diaclone France) along with 10 healthy controls. The test was carried out according to the manufacturer instructions. O.D. was taken at 450 nm. There was no stastical difference in age and sex in our study. The level of IL-4 show significant changes in MDR TB cases (P 0.05). An understanding of the development of the cellular immune response may lead to insight into pathogenesis and novel therapies for TB. Further studies are needed to address the role of cytokines in immunity to TB under natural conditions.
The Influence of Contextual Factors on the Multinationality-Performance Relationship: A Conceptual Model

Our general objective is to present an extension of the established theories of the multinationality-performance relationship. In methodological terms, it is an in-depth study based on an extensive review of the literature. The proposed conceptual model includes the contextual factors, like Firm, Industry and Home-Country Factors. Through the contextual factors, the model gives a broader insight and a detailed explanation of the influencing factors of the multinationality-performance relationship. This study explains by the conceptual model the current status quo of literature in the field of multinationality-performance relationship and analyzes its shape and behavior.
The Labour Supply of Female Engineers in Germany

Recent developments in the German demography will give rise to a shortage in skilled workers in the coming decades. A solution to this problem might involve a higher degree of integration of female engineers in the workforce. Data from the German microcensus 2006 confirm the existence of a hidden reserve of female engineers. Ordered response models are used to show that the labour supply in the engineering sector is mainly determined by age. In addition, the labour supply of female engineers depends on their number of children, and on the age of the youngest child.
The debt challenge in Europe

The euro area faces a double challenge - debt overhang and the need for price adjustment. This paper reviews the debt challenges in the household and corporate sectors and maps out some policy options. In particular, we document the increase in private debt prior to the crisis and consider how the corporate and household sectors have adjusted their balance sheets during the crisis. We examine previous experiences with corporate and household deleveraging and draw lessons for policymakers. We show how the macroeconomic effects of balance-sheet adjustments have been in part offset by the use of fiscal deficits, and we discuss the resulting challenges. A key lesson is the importance of maintaining economic growth and avoiding a prolonged doubledip recession in the euro area while facilitating necessary deleveraging in some over-indebted sectors and countries. We also emphasise the need for a growth strategy tailored to southern Europe.
Strategies to Enhance Plant Structure and Diversity in Crested Wheatgrass Seedings

Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum sensu amplo (L.) Gaertn. ) is an introduced, caespitose grass that has been seeded on millions of acres of Western rangelands. In some areas, crested wheatgrass seedings overlap with critical sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; C. minimus) habitat, raising the question of how plant diversity might be restored in these closed plant communities. A three-step process is described to reduce crested wheatgrass competition, introduce desired species, and manage to maintain desired species for use long term. Crested wheatgrass is a strong competitor with other species and a prolific seed producer, which hinders treatments to reduce its influence and improve conditions for establishment of desirable seeded species. Herbicides, burning, mechanical treatments, livestock grazing, droughts, and combina- tions of these are effective to varying degrees in reducing crested wheatgrass competition. Once crested wheatgrass competition is reduced, either seed or seedlings can be used to increase diversity in these seedings. Post-establishment management and monitoring are essential components of the strategy to maintain plant diversity into the future.
Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study

Alkaline modified sugarcane bagasse and coffee husk were used for the adsorption of water hardness causing constituents (Ca+2 and Mg+2). The water hardness sample was collected using polyethylene bottle from Jigjiga city drinking water supply, Ethiopia. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR and BET surface area techniques. The concentration of the constituents were determined using AAS Spectroscopy. It was found that, using the ABC and ACHC as an adsorbent, the maximum sorption capacity obtained for Ca and Mg hardness adsorption are 46.8 and 37.35, and 52.9 and 41.23 mg g-1 for ACHC and ABC respectively. Activated carbon filtration also depends on various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial Ca and Mg ion concentrations. The maximum recovery of the adsorbed calcium and magnesium was achieved in less than 200 minutes leading to 78% and 73% respectively. After treating synthetic water solution simulating an actual water stream with the alkali-modified bagasse and coffee husk, total hardness of the treated sample meets the required standard for drinking water, below 60 mg/L of CaCO3. Therefore, ABC is more suitable for the removal of hardness ions than ACHC from drinking water; and are considered as effective low cost adsorbents.
FEEDBACK CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR SENSITIVITY-BASED DAMAGE LOCALIZATION

A method is developed for locating structural damage using only measured natural frequency changes induced by damage. The damage localization method exploits multiple sensitivity enhancing controllers, each of which provides an independent set of modal frequency information that is used to identify damage variables based on a least-squares technique. The method provides significant improvement in damage localization and ability to tolerate measurement noise on natural frequency shifts due to damage over similar localization methods that use only open-loop modal data. A first-order sensitivity matrix relates natural frequency changes in both the open-loop and closed-loop systems to damage variables and is evaluated from an analytic model. Single-input and multi-input control laws are designed to enhance the change in natural frequencies due to damage. Multi-input control laws are designed using a minimum-gain eigenstructure assignment method in order to maintain a well-conditioned sensitivity matrix and generate independent modal data, while also minimizing the number of actuators required. This study found that the resolution of measured natural frequency changes due to damage can be significantly improved by careful selection of damage-sensitive closed-loop poles targeted by the eigenstructure assignment method. As a result, measured closed-loop natural frequency changes due to damage exhibit better
Litter and graminoid biomass accumulation suppresses weedy forbs in grassland restoration

Abstract Accumulated biomass of sown species and litter plays an important role in success of restoration projects. We studied the effects of litter and graminoid biomass on species richness and biomass of early colonising forbs in former alfalfa fields sown with seed mixtures containing seeds of native grass species (Festuca pseudovina, Festuca rupicola, Poa angustifolia, Bromus inermis, 2005). The amount of litter, forbs and graminoids was measured in the first 3 years after sowing (2006–2008). Ten aboveground biomass samples (20 cm × 20 cm) per field were collected in June every year. We found significantly lower forb biomass in the second and third year, than in the first year after sowing. Litter and biomass of graminoids increased significantly during the study, and correlated negatively with the biomass and species richness of forbs. Mean scores of litter and graminoid biomass were two to three times higher in sown fields than in native grasslands. Our results suggest that the accumulation of litter and graminoid biomass is beneficial in suppression of weedy forbs, but in the long run it might also hamper the immigration of target species.
Handling machine breakdown for dynamic scheduling by a colony of cognitive agents in a holonic manufacturing framework

Article history: Received March 29, 2015 Received in revised format: May 12, 2015 Accepted May 22, 2015 Available online May 22 2015 There is an ever increasing need of providing quick, yet improved solution to dynamic scheduling by better responsiveness following simple coordination mechanism to better adapt to the changing environments. In this endeavor, a cognitive agent based approach is proposed to deal with machine failure. A Multi Agent based Holonic Adaptive Scheduling (MAHoAS) architecture is developed to frame the schedule by explicit communication between the product holons and the resource holons in association with the integrated process planning and scheduling (IPPS) holon under normal situation. In the event of breakdown of a resource, the cooperation is sought by implicit communication. Inspired by the cognitive behavior of human being, a cognitive decision making scheme is proposed that reallocates the incomplete task to another resource in the most optimized manner and tries to expedite the processing in view of machine failure. A metamorphic algorithm is developed and implemented in Oracle 9i to identify the best candidate resource for task re-allocation. Integrated approach to process planning and scheduling realized under Multi Agent System (MAS) framework facilitates dynamic scheduling with improved performance under such situations. The responsiveness of the resources having cognitive capabilities helps to overcome the adverse consequences of resource failure in a better way. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
Stability Analisys of SEIR Epidemiological Models with Nonlinear Incidence:Case Study in the Central Java Province, Indonesia

SEIR epidemic models that are described as the system of ordinary differential equations with nonlinear incidence rates are proposed. In the SEIR model, the total population is divided into four classes, i.e., susceptible, exposed, infective, and recovered. The model has two equilibrium states; an infection-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium state. Local stability of each equilibrium point is determined by Lyapunov first method. It is found that the infection-free equilibrium is unstable and the endemic equilibrium state is asymptotically stable. Global stability of the endemic equilibrium state is analyzed by Lyapunov second method. Numerical simulations with case study of measles disease are presented. The measles disease data is taken from the Central Java Health Office, Indonesia.
Contrasting the Harmonic Balance and Linearized Methods for Oscillating-Flap Simulations

DOI: 10.2514/1.43401 In the framework of unsteady aerodynamics, forced-harmonic-motion simulations can be used to compute unsteady loads. In this context, the present paper assesses two alternatives to the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach, the linearized unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations method, and the harmonic balance approach. The test case is a NACA 64A006 airfoil with an oscillating flap mounted at 75% of the chord. Emphasis is put on examining the performances of the methods in terms of accuracy and computational cost over a range of physical conditions. It is found that, for a subsonic flow, the linearized unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method is the most efficient one. In the transonic regime, the linearized unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method remains the fastest approach, but with limited accuracy around shocks, whereas a oneharmonic harmonic balance solution is in closer agreement with the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solution.Inthecaseofseparationinthetransonicregime,thelinearizedunsteadyReynolds-averagedNavier–Stokes method fails to converge, whereas the harmonic balance remains robust and accurate.
Sparsity of the Field Signal-Based Method for Improving Spatial Resolution in Antenna Sensor Array Processing

The goal of array processing is to gather information from propagating radio-wave signals, as their Direction Of Arrival (DOA). The estimation of the DOA can be carried out by extracting the information of interest from the steering vector relevant to the adopted antenna sensor array. Such task can be accomplished in a number of difierent ways. However, in source estimation problems, it is essential to make use of a processing algorithm which feature not only good accuracy under ideal working conditions, but also robustness against non-idealities such as noise, limitations in the amount of collectible data, correlation between the sources, and modeling errors. In this work particular attention is devoted to spectrum estimation approaches based on sparsity. Conventional algorithms based on Beamforming fail wherein the radio sources are not within Rayleigh resolution range which is a function of the number of sensors and the dimension of the array. DOA estimation techniques such as MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classiflcations) allow having a larger spatial resolution compared to Beamforming-based procedures, but if the sources are very close and the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) level is low, the resolution turns to be low as well. A better resolution can be obtained by exploiting sparsity: if the number of sources is small, the power spectrum of the signal with respect to the location is sparse. In this way, sparsity can enhance the accuracy of the estimation. In this paper, an estimation procedure based on the sparsity of the radio signals and useful to improve the conventional MUSIC method is presented and analyzed. The sparsity level is set in order to focus the signal energy only along the actual direction of arrival. The obtained numerical results have shown an improvement of the spatial resolution as well as a reduced error in DOA estimation with respect to conventional techniques.
An Investigation into the relationship between Value Relevance, Earnings Management and Corporate Governance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

In this study, the relationship between the value relevance, earnings management and corporate governance is discussed, with and without the control variables. The place domain of the research includes companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The time domain includes the interval 2010-2014. The research is consisted of two independent variables (earnings management and corporate governance (dependent variable (the value (stock price), earnings per share, book value per share, related party transactions, market value of equity) and control variables (financial leverage, size Inc., age, industry, financial year). The role of corporate governance is to reduce divergence (contradiction) of interest between shareholders and managers. An example of deviation from the shareholders' interest management, profit management is seen through accrual accounting. Therefore, corporate governance probably leads to the reduction of earnings management. On the other hand, it reduces the value relevance in the company. The topic of the relation of corporate governance was initially proposed by Olson (1995). He experimentally shows that there is a meaningful relationship across certain characteristics of corporate governance, earnings management benefit and value relevance. (for example, Jian and Wang (2010), Haghighat and Wang (2011) and Sean (2014)). In this study, corporate governance is measured with corporate governance standards, including the property institutional shareholders, the ownership of managers, the board and the percentage of free float shares and it is also used to measure earnings management of related party transactions, stock price and value relevance. Library and field data collected in two ways. According to an investigation on the basis of objective, the method is quantitative and applied and the assumptions are used through multivariate linear regression analysis as the basis for testing hypotheses (MD) and test specification error for symbolic regression. The statistical software Eviews 8 was used for data analysis and data were available for all users in the form of information after processing. Findings suggest that there is a significant and negative correlation between corporate governance mechanisms and profit management in companies, and by reducing the earnings management in the company, value relevance is also reduced.