Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The open cluster IC 1805 and its vicinity: investigation of stars in the Vilnius, IPHAS, 2MASS, and WISE systems

The results of CCD photometry in the Vilnius seven-color system down to V = 18 mag are presented for 242 stars in the direction of the young open cluster IC 1805 that is located in the active star-forming region W4 in the Cas OB6 association. Photometric data were used to classify stars into spectral and luminosity classes, and to determine their interstellar reddenings, extinctions and distances. We confirm the CH3OH and H2O maser VLBA parallax results that the cluster is located close to the front side of the Perseus arm, at a distance about 2.0 kpc. In the color–magnitude diagram, zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) stars of the cluster extend to spectral class A0. The extinction values for the majority of the cluster stars are between 2.2 and 2.7 mag, with a mean value of 2.46 mag. This extinction originates mainly between the Sun and the outer edge of the Local arm, in accordance with the distribution of CO clouds. In the Perseus arm and beyond, the extinction was investigated using the classification and reddening determination for A0–F0 stars measured in the r, i ,H α system of the IPHAS survey to r = 19 mag. The extinction AV within the Perseus arm ranges from 2.5–4.5 mag at the front edge to 3.0–5.0 mag at the far edge. Possibly, we have found about 20 early A-type stars located in the Outer arm. The 2MASS JHKs photometry for red giants gives much higher extinction values (up to about 6 mag), which would correspond to the stars located behind dense clouds of both arms. In the area, using the WISE, 2MASS, and IPHAS photometry data, 18 possible young stellar objects (YSOs) of low masses are identified. Six high-mass YSOs (five Ae/Be stars and a F6e star) are known from previous investigations.
Pengaruh Project Based Learning terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Self-efficacy

This study aims to determine the effect of Project Based Learning on self-efficacy and the ability to think creatively. The study design used non-equivalent pretest-posttes. The samples in the study were VII H class as a control class and VII E class as an experiment. Data on self-efficacy were obtained through a scale that were analyzed qualitatively. The ability of creative thingking obtained from the pretest, posttest and assessment of creative products which were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-Test. The results of the study showed that the ability creative thingking in the experimental class was is "High". The experimental class on Self-efficacy assesment was higher than the control class with the highest indicator that was social with result on "High" while in the control class that on "Medium". Thus, the application of the Project Based Learning model has an effect on increasing the self-efficacy and creative thinking abilities of students. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh Project Based Learning terhadap self-efficacy dan kemampuan berpikir kratif. Desain penelitian menggunakan pretest-posttes non-equivalen. Sampel dalam penelitian yaitu kelas VII H sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas VII E sebagai eksperimen dengan Purposive Sampling. Data self-efficacy diperoleh melalui skala yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif diperoleh dari pretes , postest dan penilaian produk kreatif yang dianalisis menggunakan uji Independent Sample t-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa katagori kemampuan berpikir kreatif kelas eksperimen adalah “Tinggi”. Penilaian diri self-efficacy kelas eksperimen juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol dengan indikator tertinggi yaitu sosial pada kelas eksperimen yaitu “Tinggi” sedangkan pada kelas kontrol yaitu “Sedang”. Dengan demikian bahwa penerapan model Project Based Learning berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan self-efficacy dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik. K ata kunci: kemampuan berpikir kreatif , project based learning, self-efficacy
Handheld PC with Camera Used for Reading Information Dense Barcodes

Abstract —We have made a working demonstration of a vision system using a personal digital assistant (PDA) with an integrated low resolution camera for reading a two dimensional (2D) barcode code. This demonstration will show the systems ability to decode information dense 2D barcodes in near real-time. Image analysis is done locally on the PDA with no external services used. Index Terms —Mobile communication, cameras, machine vision, bar code I. I NTRODUCTION ANDHELD electronic devices such as PDAs (personal digital assistants) and cell phones are increasingly often delivered with integrated low resolution CMOS cameras. These devices make up an advanced sensor system that can be used for retrieving information not easily readable by humans, like barcodes used on merchandises. We have made a system that uses a commercially available PDA with camera for reading an information dense 2D barcode. Both the PDA and the camera used are first generation PDAs delivered with a plug in-camera (in 2001). The high information density allows the system to give information about items without accessing an external database. Example applications are extracting information from business cards, address labels or machine parts. The demonstration shows the complete system integrated on a PDA. We will let users capture images with the PDA’s camera. The PDA will automatically analyze the images and display information contained in the code on the PDA’s screen. This decode operation is done in near real time. We will start describing the solution constraints in section II. The chosen design strategy is sketched in section III. In the final section we give a brief conclusion. II. D
Wasting the Corporate Waste Doctrine: How the Doctrine Can Provide a Viable Solution in Controlling Excessive Executive Compensation

In the midst of the global recession of the late 2000s, there was an outcry against corporate executives and what the public deemed to be their excessive compensation. Although this anger is still fea tured in today's headlines, it is nothing new. In fact, excessive executive compensation complaints arose when the very concept of a corporation was still new. Most of the complaints that the public has leveled have had little effect on boards of directors' decisions. Occasionally, however, the outcry is so great that the public com pels a company's leadership to take action. This happened early in 2009 when American International Group ("AIG") stated that it was paying its top executives $165 million in bonuses. Within days, AIG, a company most Americans had not heard of, was at the cen ter of the excessive compensation debate. Under enormous political and public pressure, fifteen of the top twenty AIG executives agreed to give back their bonuses. This compromise is not typical, how ever; for every AIG-type controversy, many other payment plans some consider excessive are never publicly discussed. Both private and public proposals are currently under consideration that will limit excessive executive compensation in one way or another. This Note contends that the already existing corporate waste doctrine can serve as a preferable alternative to legislative or executive ac tions. While the corporate waste doctrine is rarely used by plaintiffs, it could be effectively enforced by using a legislative tool, the say-on-pay provision, as a gatekeeper for the courts. This judi cial solution using a legislative act would allow those who are actually affected by the excessive compensation? the sharehold ers? to pursue effective legal action against the corporation. The corporate waste doctrine would be enforced more narrowly than a statutory scheme, avoiding the possible unintended consequences of a broadly applicable legislative or regulatory action.
An Improved Antenna Group Delay Measurement Method Using a Three-antenna Extrapolation Technique

In order to minimize the error due to multiple reflections between antennas in the conventional group delay (GD) measurement, an improved antenna GD measurement method is proposed. In this method, antenna group delay is measured as a function of distances using a three-antenna extrapolation method. The GD is determined by averaging a set of measured GD values according to a derived multiple-reflection error model. Measurement in frequency band of (1575.42 ± 16) MHz for a circularly polarized helical antenna is presented, which gives the detail measurement procedures and validates the method. The uncertainty evaluation for this measurement was carried out as well, and an expanded uncertainty of 0.20 ns (k = 2) has been achieved. One more measurement example in frequency band of (4000 ± 10) MHz for a standard gain horn antenna with an expanded uncertainty of 0.12 ns (k = 2) is also presented briefly in this paper.
Thermodynamic Stabilities of Perfect and Vacancy-Defected 
Li2TiO3
 (001) Surfaces From First-Principles Analyses

Lithium titanate (Li 2 TiO 3 ) is an attractive ceramic material for various industrial applications, particularly as one of most promising breeder blanket materials in future nuclear fusion reactors. Previously-reported studies mainly focus on sintered polycrystalline samples of Li 2 TiO 3 . Surface structure of the single-crystal form is rarely reported, although the information of surface structures and stabilities can be critical for further understanding the surface-associated processes. In this work, we perform extensive first-principles density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations to obtain the surface energies of Li 2 TiO 3 (001) with different surface terminations. For four perfect (defect-free) Li-, O-, or LiTi-terminated (001) surfaces, Li- or O-terminated (001) surfaces can be most stable in a limited chemical-potential ranges corresponding to certain experimental conditions, while LiTi-terminated (001) surface is always unfavorable relative to Li or O terminations. By calculating total energies of various possible configurations with surface vacancies, we determine the energetically-most-favorable vacancy-defected surface terminations. From the corresponding ternary phase diagram, we analyze the stability of a specific surface termination with vacancies as well as the possible formation of oxides. Our stability analysis together with DFT-simulated
Map-Based Channel Model for Urban Macrocell Propagation Scenarios

The evolution of LTE towards 5G has started and different research projects and institutions are in the process of verifying new technology components through simulations. Coordination between groups is strongly recommended and, in this sense, a common definition of test cases and simulation models is needed. The scope of this paper is to present a realistic channel model for urban macrocell scenarios. This model is map-based and takes into account the layout of buildings situated in the area under study. A detailed description of the model is given together with a comparison with other widely used channel models. The benchmark includes a measurement campaign in which the proposed model is shown to be much closer to the actual behavior of a cellular system. Particular attention is given to the outdoor component of the model, since it is here where the proposed approach is showing main difference with other previous models.
Customers’ behavioral responses to unfavorable pricing errors: the role of perceived deception, dissatisfaction and price consciousness

Purpose Although unfavorable pricing errors (UPEs) cost customers billions of dollars each year, research has not yet examined customers’ reactions to UPEs. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining customers’ reactions to UPEs in terms of frequency, magnitude and the interaction between frequency and magnitude. Also, this study explores the moderated mediating role of price consciousness. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducted to examine customers’ reactions to UPEs in terms of frequency, magnitude and the interaction between frequency and magnitude. PROCESS Model 6 and 84 along with multivariate regression analysis and MANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results show that high-frequency and high-magnitude UPEs lead to increased perceived deception and dissatisfaction, resulting in a higher negative attitude toward the grocery store, decreased re-patronage intentions and increased negative word-of-mouth (NWOM). Also, results show that regardless of customers’ price consciousness level, customers display negative reactions when encountering UPEs. Research limitations/implications This paper only investigates UPEs in the brick and mortar setting; future studies should examine UPEs in different settings. Practical implications The findings show that UPEs can cause significant problems for grocery stores. Thus, managers should take precautionary measures (e.g. constantly checking shelves) to ensure that the advertised price and the checkout price match. Originality/value This paper represents the first attempt to empirically examine the relationship between UPEs frequency and magnitude, on the one hand, and perceived deception, dissatisfaction, customer attitude, re-patronage intentions, NWOM and price consciousness on the other.
Methods and Models for Identifying Human Emotions by Recognition Gestures and Motion

The paper describes a methodology, models and automated system for an identification of human emotions based on analysis of body movements, a recognition of characteristic gestures and poses. In the model of person emotions, the typical body movements are formalized with linguistic variables and fuzzy hypergraphs for temporal events. Emotional states of the real person recognized with the automated system are presented in a limited natural language. Shown the allocation of granules and related postures. Compliance granules poses and basic emotional states by K. Izard is presented. The article shows how to apply system for recognition and translation in real time gestures of the Russian deaf language in the text and the text in gestures. The system is intended for training of children with hearing disabilities and adults who need to learn sign language.
Interest alignment and firm performance

The degree to which firms are able to align the individual interests of their members with overall strategic objectives has been long recognized as a fundamental determinant of firm performance (e.g. Jensen and Meckling (1976; Jensen (1986)). Much of our attention has focused on the role of extrinsic motivation based on rewards and sanctions to achieve such interest alignment. Recently, Gottschalg and Zollo (2004) have proposed a more comprehensive conceptual framework of interest alignment that considers not only extrinsic, but also enjoyment-based hedonic intrinsic and obligation-based normative intrinsic motivational mechanisms. This study derives testable hypotheses from their framework and thus provides an empirical test of interest alignment theory based on a sample of 69 management buyouts in the UK. The results of the multivariate regression model suggest that in this setting, interest alignment does have a significant influence on firm performance. Surprisingly, however, the performance impact of intrinsic motivation (particularly of a hedonic nature) is much more powerful than that of extrinsic motivation, which fails to show any statistical significance. Furthermore, and contrary to "received wisdom", the three types of motivation mutually reinforce each other in their positive impact on performance.
Authorship of Electronic Documents - Use Data Compression to Attribute Authorship in Brazilian Portuguese Electronic Documents

Discovering the author of electronic documents can be a challenging task, since some elements that are found in traditional documents aren’t present. In such task, the expert can use tools that help him finding out the writing style of the probable authors. One possible method is the use of data compression to identify which authors have a similar stylistic. In this work, 300 documents written in Brazilian Portuguese from 20 different authors are analyzed, and results are compared with previous techniques. KeywordsAuthorship Attribution; Electronic Documents; Normalized Compression Distance; Conditional Complexity of Compression.
Milk composition in alpaca (lama pacos): comparativestudy in two regions of Chile

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de diferentes condiciones medioambientales (calidad de los pastos y altura) sobre la composicion del calostro y la leche de alpacas,durante los primeros cinco meses de lactacion.Los principales componentes de la leche fueron determinados y comparados entre alpacas en lactacion mantenidas en dos diferentes regiones de Chile. Las muestras de leche fueron tomadas a partir de las 48 horas posparto (calostro) y subsecuentemente cada 30 dias hasta los 5 meses de lactacion, en dos grupos de alpacas. Un grupo fue mantenido en el altiplano Andino (4400 metros sobre el nivel del mar; n=24) y el otro en la Patagonia (12 metros sobre el nivel del mar; n=18). Ambos grupos se alimentaron ad libitum sobre praderas naturales. Se midio el porcentaje de materia seca, proteina, grasa, lactosa y ceniza. Los valores obtenidos para cada componente de la leche se compararon entre grupos y entre meses de lactacion. La composicion del calostro fue similar entre grupos, excepto para materia grasa que fue mayor en el altiplano y lactosa que fue mayor en los animales mantenidos en la Patagonia. A lo largo de la lactacion, la composicion de la leche mostro pequenas diferencias entre grupos, aunque el contenido de grasa fue altamente variable. Considerando toda la lactacion, la leche obtenida en el altiplano Andino presento mayor concentracion de grasa, mientras que la de la Patagonia presento mas lactosa, tal como ocurrio con el calostro. Las diferencias en las concentraciones de grasa y lactosa podrian ser explicadas por la composicion y disponibilidad de la pradera en cada region y por la conducta de pastoreo de las alpacas.
Compact Rotman Lens Structure Configurations to Support Millimeter Wave Devices

The development of modern communication devices for the latest technologies such as 5G has brought the millimeter wave technology into the spotlight because it offers higher data rates and bandwidth. Since highly directional transmissions are necessary for communication in these frequencies due to high path loss and atmospheric absorption, the use of adaptive antennas is inevitable. Rotman lenses have long been used as analog beam forming networks to support linear array antennas for electronic scanning. Their broad bandwidth and planar structure make them ideal for a variety of applications. However, their overall dimensions can be prohibitive especially for large scan angles. In this paper, we propose a few compact configurations that reduce the overall dimensions of Rotman lens as much as 50% without degrading its performance.
Arguments In Favor Of Ketogenic Diets

Many negative comments have been made about the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and experts today believe that the best way to lose weight is by cutting back on calories, chiefly in the form of fat. The international consensus is that carbohydrates are the basis of the food pyramid for a healthy diet. However, this review will clarify that low-carbohydrate diets are, from a practical and physiological point of view, a much more effective
Lectin Array Analysis of Purified Lipooligosaccharide: A Method for the Determination of Molecular Mimicry

Surface glycosylation of bacteria is involved in many critical host-microbe interactions. Lectin arrays consisting of diverse carbohydrate binding proteins have proven to be an important tool for evaluating a wide variety of glycosylation, including that present on whole bacteria. However, assessing glycosylation on whole bacteria using lectin arrays may not reflect bacterial glycosylation, but interactions between bacteria and the glycosylation present on lectins. The lipooligosaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 and 81-176 are known to mimic the human monosialylated gangliosides. This molecular mimicry by C. jejuni can result in the post infection sequelae Guillain–Barre syndrome. Using C. jejuni as a model system and a discreet lectin and antibody array, a method, applicable to many organisms has been developed and validated by to screening of the purified lipooligosaccharide of C. jejuni for molecular mimicry to monosialylated gangliodises. In case of C. jejuni, knowing whether clinically important bacterial strains are capable of inducing severe autoimmune responses may aid in prevention and/or early diagnosis of debilitating post infection conditions.
Inter-model variability and biases of the global water cycle in CMIP3 coupled climate models

Observed changes such as increasing global temperatures and the intensification of the global water cycle in the 20th century are robust results of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs). In spite of these successes, model-to-model variability and biases that are small in first order climate responses, however, have considerable implications for climate predictability especially when multi-model means are used. We show that most climate simulations of the 20th and 21st century A2 scenario performed with CMIP3 (Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 3) models have deficiencies in simulating the global atmospheric moisture balance. Large biases of only a few models (some biases reach the simulated global precipitation changes in the 20th and 21st centuries) affect the multi-model mean global moisture budget. An imbalanced flux of −0.14 Sv exists while the multi-model median imbalance is only −0.02 Sv. Moreover, for most models the detected imbalance changes over time. As a consequence, in 13 of the 18 CMIP3 models examined, global annual mean precipitation exceeds global evaporation, indicating that there should be a ‘leaking’ of moisture from the atmosphere whereas for the remaining five models a ‘flooding’ is implied. Nonetheless, in all models, the actual atmospheric moisture content and its variability correctly increases during the course of the 20th and 21st centuries. These discrepancies therefore imply an unphysical and hence ‘ghost’ sink/source of atmospheric moisture in the models whose atmospheres flood/leak. The ghost source/sink of moisture can also be regarded as atmospheric latent heating/cooling and hence as positive/negative perturbation of the atmospheric energy budget or non-radiative forcing in the range of −1 to +6 W m−2 (median +0.1 W m−2). The inter-model variability of the global atmospheric moisture transport from oceans to land areas, which impacts the terrestrial water cycle, is also quite high and ranges from 0.26 to 1.78 Sv. In the 21st century this transport to land increases by about 5% per century with a model-to-model range from 1 to 13%. We suggest that this variability is weakly correlated to the land–sea contrast in air temperature change of these models. Spatially heterogeneous forcings such as aerosols contribute to the variability in moisture transport, at least in one model. The polewards shifts of dry zones in climate simulations of the 21st century are also assessed. It is shown that the multi-model means of the two subsets of models with negative and positive imbalances in the atmospheric moisture budget produce spatial variability in the dry zone positions similar in size to the spatial shifts expected from 21st century global warming. Thus, the selection of models also affects the multi-model mean dry zone extension. In general, we caution the use of multi-model means of E − P fields and suggest self-consistency tests for climate models.