Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research and Analysis of URLLC Technology Based on Artificial Intelligence

Ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), as one of the three application scenarios of the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, has attracted extensive attention in the industry. URLLC can play an important role in many scenarios such as traffic safety, remote surgery, and unmanned driving. However, the existing technology is not enough to fully meet its business requirements. Artificial intelligence (AI) is promising to solve the technical problems in the URLLC communication scenario. As a branch of machine learning, deep learning has made a lot of achievements in academia and industry in recent years. It has become one of the landmark technologies of AI. Deep learning can optimize the system end to end, effectively process massive data, and cope with complex channel changes. It is considered as one of the practical tools to deal with physical layer communication. In this article, we first introduce the performance indicators and critical technologies of URLLC in the physical layer. Then we expound on the advantages of deep learning in solving technical problems in the physical layer. Finally, the challenge and opportunity of URLLC based on AI in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks are presented.
A Polarity Switching Technique for the Efficient Production of Sodium Hypochlorite from Aqueous Sodium Chloride Using Platinum Electrodes

A novel, periodic polarity-switching technique is developed for the electrolytic production of sodium hypochlorite from aqueous sodium chloride. The technique employs a flow-through cell having two identical platinum electrodes. Polarities of these electrodes are periodically swapped. The main purpose of this step is to prevent the growth of platinum oxide film and thereby retain high initial activity of the electrodes throughout the operation. The performance of this mode of operation is evaluated using the cumulative productivity and current efficiency of the cell as indicators. Typical ranges of parameters used are as follows: concentration of Cl– ions, 0.1–0.5 M; switching frequency, 0.01–1 Hz; and current density, 100–700 A m–2. The productivity of the switching mode is 5–6 times higher and its current efficiency is 15%–20% higher than that of the DC mode. The switching frequency has a strong influence on both the cumulative production rate and the average current efficiency and an optimal switching .
Faster SET Operation in Phase Change Memory with Initialization

SUMMARY In conclusion, an initialization method has been introduced and studied to improve the SET speed in PCM. Before experiment verification, a two-dimensional finite analysis is used, and the results illustrate the proposed method is feasible to improve SET speed. Next, the R-I performances of the discrete PCM device and the resistance distributions of a 64 M bits PCM test chip with and without the initialization have been studied and analyzed, which confirms that the writing speed has been greatly improved. At the same time, the resistance distribution for the repeated initialization operations suggest that a large number of PCM cells have been successfully changed to be in an intermediate state, which is thought that only a shorter current pulse can make the cells SET successfully in this case. Compared the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images before and after initialization, it is found that there are some small grains appeared after initialization, which indicates that the nucleation process of GST has been carried out, and only needs to provide energy for grain growth later.
The Role of p53-induced miR-145a in Senescence and Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background: The osteogenic differentiation capacity of senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is diminished. However, little is known about the mechanisms. p53 not only regulates cellular senescence but also, as a negative regulator, is involved in bone formation. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of p53 in cellular senescence and osteogenesis.Methods: The expression of p53 and its downstream gene p21 were measured during cellular senescence and osteogenesis differentiation of primary bone marrow MSCs. Then miR-145a was picked out from those p53-induced miRNAs as its expression change in bone marrow MSCs senescence and osteogenesis induced by H2O2 and BMP-9, respectively. The function of p53 induced miR-145a was analyzed by transfected with miRNA mimic in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Western blot and luciferase reporter assay were used for validating the target of miR-145a. Results: p53, its downstream effector p21, and p53-induced miR-145a were significantly upregulated during primary MSCs senescence and osteogenesis. Overexpression of miR-145a promoted cellular senescence and inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. p53-induced miR-145a inhibited osteogenic differentiation by targeting core binding factor beta (Cbfb), and the restoration of Cbfb expression rescued the inhibitory effects of miRNA-145a on osteogenesis.Conclusions: p53-induced miR-145a functions both in promoting senescence and inhibiting osteogenesis of MSCs, and the novel pathway p53/miR-145a/Cbfb in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs may represent new targets in the treatment of osteoporosis.
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF mRNA TRAIL REGULATES APOPTOSIS IN THE GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME T-98G CELL LINE

Objective: This is an in vitro experimental study designed to analyze the role of alternative splicing of mRNA in the apoptotic process of the cancer cells. Here we induced apoptosis in the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) T-98G cell line to obtain a better understanding in the regulation of mRNA expression of the soluble Tumor Necrosis factor-related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (sTRAIL) gene. Methods: Cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by treatment with rotenone at 10, 20 and 40 µM for 6 h. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was used to dissolve rotenone and as a negative control. The morphology of the GBM-T98G cells was viewed with an inverted microscope. DNA, RNA and protein extractions were performed to analyse apoptotic DNA fragmentation by a DNA laddering assay, a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for TRAIL mRNA expression and ELISA for caspase-9 protein expression. Electrophoresis was also performed on TRAIL complementary DNA (cDNA) produced from TRAIL qRT-PCR mRNA. Results: Nucleosomal DNA degradation was confirmed by DNA laddering, whereas the TRAIL melting curve and the cDNA electrophoresis showed a shift in the balance of the TRAIL mRNA isoform to the pro-apoptotic mRNA isoform, in conjunction with a significant increase in expression of TRAIL mRNA and caspase-9 protein. Conclusion: These findings indicate the regulation of apoptotic events at the level of TRAIL mRNA expression, as indicated by the shift in the balance of mRNA expression of the TRAIL isoform towards the pro-apoptotic isoform.
Asymptotic Stability With Guaranteed Safety for Switched Nonlinear Systems: A Multiple Barrier Functions Method

In this article, a collection of conditions to achieve asymptotic stability of switched nonlinear systems with guaranteed safety via a state-dependent switching law are provided, where the asymptotic stability of individual subsystem is not assumed. Multiple barrier functions and multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs) are merged as a tool for analyzing the asymptotic stability with guaranteed safety control problem of switched nonlinear systems. Meanwhile, the state-dependent switching law is designed to refrain zeno phenomenon. Moreover, bilinear sum of squares methodologies are employed to construct corresponding MLFs for switched nonlinear systems. Finally, three simulation examples are introduced to prove the effectiveness of the provided method.
Critical Analysis of Case-control Studies in Cardiovascular Research

It is a research in which the participants are selected between individuals who already have the disease (cases) and between individuals who do not have it (controls); in each of these two groups, the number of exposed individuals is verified, to some risk factor. The goal is to check the possible causal association between exposure to risk factors and disease in study. If the factor is associated with the disease, the factor ratio between the cases will be greater than the same proportion between the controls. This type of study has great application for assitutions in that the disease is relatively infrequent and the time elapsed between exposure to risk and evidence of its effect is long. Case-control studies have limited ethical there is no intervention or prospective observation of risk exposures [1-7].
Seed characteristics of Amygdalus arabica in Adıyaman region of Turkey

Mountain almond (Amygdalus arabica) is a shrub with naturally distributing in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. A. arabica also known as bitter almond and can reach up to 2.5 m. The natural distribution of mountain almond is generally in the Southeast Region of Turkey. The present study carried out to determine the morphological and physiological characteristics of the seed of mountain almond. The seeds were collected from three different populations of A. arabica in Adıyaman. For different each populations seed weight, height, width, thickness, and 1000-seed weight were measured in the laboratory. Morphological characteristics of A. arabica seeds varied according to their populations. Seed germination tests were conducted at 20 °C, after prechilling for 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks at 4 °C. Prechilling treatments of 3 weeks were insufficient, but 6 and 9 weeks of prechilling were found to eliminate seed dormancy and led to the highest germination percentage. The average germination percentage after 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks of prechilling were 3.1%, 49.6%, 80.4%, and 81.1%, respectively. The average mean germination time was approximately between 8 and 10 days.
Mechanical ventilation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

The coronavirus (CoV) belongs to a family of viruses that can cause a variety of clinical presentations, including catarrhal symptoms, cough, fever, respiratory distress, and conditions such as pneumonia, among others. Worldwide, more than 29million confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported with 926,544 deaths, 51% of which correspond to the Americas. Careful observations have hypothesized that patients present with different clinical patterns that depend mainly on 3 factors: (1) severity of infection and host response, physiological reserve and comorbidities (2) ventilatory response to hypoxemia and (3) the delay from the onset of symptoms and evaluation in the hospital. About 4.4% of patients require IMV during the first 14days after symptoms start and reach a high mortality rate. This disease mainly shows two behaviors related to time: phenotype L, Low elastance [high compliance] and phenotype H, High elastance [low compliance]. The L phenotype, with low V/Q ratio, low lung weight, and low potential for recruitment occurs early in the disease. The H phenotype is characterized by low compliance, high shunt levels, high lung weight, and high potential for recruitment, and it usually manifests within 7days. In our experience, there would be a third group that progresses to early pulmonary fibrosis characterized by very low compliance, making the ventilatory process exceedingly difficult (they require a low PEEP [6-8cmH2O] and very low VT 4-6ml/kg predicted body weight. These patients retain CO2 and may require extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R). Although SARS CoV-2 pneumonia does not evolve as a classic ARDS, emerging evidence suggests that ARDS associated with CoVID-19 evolves with acute respiratory failure and lung mechanics typical of a historical ARDS. One aspect that could differentiate them is related to the levels of D-Dimer (DD). The subgroup of patients with DD concentrations higher than the median and a static compliance equal to or less than the median (HDLC: High D-dimers, low compliance) have at 28-days mortality higher than the rest of the groups, such as: high DD with high compliance (HDHC), low DD with low compliance (LDLC) and low DD with high compliance (LDHC). The 28-day mortality for HDLC was 56% and 27% for LDHC Up to the present time, IMV with open lung approach (OLA) has not been shown to reduce mortality; it has only accomplished to improve oxygenation and reduce driving pressure, without exerting deleterious effects such as barotrauma or increases in mortality.
Combustibles, comportamiento del fuego y emisiones en un pastizal y una sabana artificiales en Chiapas

Forest fuels, fire behavior and emissions in artificial grasslands and savannas in Chiapas, Mexico. Introduction: Burns are part of the management of introduced grasses in Chiapas, Mexico, and this may derive in forest fires. Objectives: To determine fuel load, fire behavior, CO2 emissions, and to get firefighting security issues for jaragua (Hyparrhenia rufa Nees.) grasslands and savannas. Methods: An artificial jaragua grassland and an artificial jaragua savanna were studied at the California and Flores Magón communities, respectively, in La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve. Were measured pre and post-fire fuel loads. Six prescribed burns (three heading and three backing fires) were conducted in each, grassland and savanna, and were measured meteorological as well as fire behavior variables. Emissions were estimated multiplying the consumed fuel load by an emission constant. Results: In the grassland, were obtained the following averages: fuel load, 6.214 t/ ha; residual load, 0.107 t/ha, and CO2 emission, 10.449 t CO2/ha. For the savanna, were recorded 14.119, 2.161 and 20.460 t CO2/ha, respectively, without differences for the pre and post-fire fuel loads between heading and backing fires. For the grassland, the heading fires reached 3.92 m, 1.83 m and 22.3 m/min for flame length, flame depth and fire propagation rate, while for backing fires such values were, respectively: 1.07, 0.23 and 0.67 m/min, with significant differences. For the savanna, heading fires yielded 5.89 m (flame length), 1.53 m (flame depth) and 45.5 m/min (propagation rate), while for backing fires that values were 2.21, 0.76 and 2.8 m/ min, also with significant differences. Conclusions: Under the studied environmental conditions, particularly in the savanna, fire behavior is dangerous so a good prescription and more care must be taken for conducting controlled or prescribed burns. For forest fires, direct firefighting by the head of the fire must be avoided, for is too dangerous; instead it is recommended a firefighting by the back of the fire as well as waiting for a backing fire-advance of it after the fire reaches a ridge.
Model Empirik Efek Mediasi Kapabilitas Inovasi Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan segmen terbesar pelaku ekonomi nasional dan berperan penting bagi masyarakat dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan variabel kapabilitas inovasi dalam memediasi pengaruh orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja pemasaran, studi pada UMKM makanan dan minuman (kuliner) di Kota Cilegon. Data responden yang akan menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah UMKM makanan dan minuman (kuliner) di Kota Cilegon dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner, sedangkan teknik pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan SEM dengan software smartPLS versi 2.0. m3. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara langsung orientasi pasar tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran, namun jika melalui variabel mediasi kapabilitas inovasi maka orientasi pasar berpengaruh poisitif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran, dengan demikian maka variabel kapabilitas inovasi mampu memediasi pengaruh orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja pemasaran. Implikasi manajerial juga dibahas dalam penelitian ini.
Preparation of tailor-made supported catalysts using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation and their application in hydrogenation

Abstract The optical, chemical, and catalytic properties of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) depend strongly on their particle size and shape. Therefore, the preparation of monodisperse metallic NPs is very important for fundamental studies and practical applications. However, the isolation of the different structures by separation from a polydisperse sample, especially in the size range below 10 nm, is not well applied so far. Here, the asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) is adapted for the preparative separation of the Pd NPs regarding their size and shape in the sub-10-nm size range. To prove the efficiency of the applied method, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to determine the particle size distribution at different stages of the separation process. A major benefit of this method compared to most of the other separation techniques, the removal of impurities during the separation process, was proven by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The obtained results demonstrate that the AF4 is well suited for the rapid preparation of the purified uniform precious metal NPs at the applied size range. Single fractions of the different-sized and -shaped Pd NPs were deposited on titania (TiO2) and tested in the catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5 hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous solution under mild conditions. While the spherical-shaped particles show a high activity, the separated agglomerated particles show a higher selectivity to the desired products.
Design of a constant loop bandwidth phase-locked loop based on artificial neural network

An LC-VCO based phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer which incorporates loop bandwidth tracking technique based on neural network is presented in this work. In order to minimize loop band-width variations, the proposed PLL employs an averaging varactor based split-tunedLC-VCOandacontrollablephaseerrorscalingmodule. Biasing voltages of varactor and the control word of the phase error scaling module are trained by the neural network and updated. The proposed technique can maintain a constant loop bandwidth over operating frequencies from 1.6-2GHz with variation varying from (cid:0) 2.66 (cid:24) 3%.
The Effect of Systematic Corrective Exercises on the Ankle Proprioception in People with Functional Pronation Distortion Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study

Introduction: Pronation distortion syndrome is one of the most common abnormalities in the lower extremity that causes distortions in the structures of the skeletal parts of the foot. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of systematic corrective exercises on the ankle proprioception in people with functional pronation distortion syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, 30 volunteers who had pronation distortion syndrome were selected and randomly divided in to control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed corrective exercises for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week for one hour), while control group performed the routine exercises. Ankle proprioception (using electrogoniometer) was evaluated before and after the interventions. Data were analysed using independent and paired t tests. Results: Following 12 weeks of corrective exercises, the experimental group showed significant improvement in ankle proprioception (P = 0.001); however, there was no significant change in control group (P > 0.050). In addition, there was a significant improvement in ankle proprioception in the experimental group compared to control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that systematic corrective exercises improve ankle proprioception in patients with pronation distortion syndrome, and it may be recommended for these people.
Endodontic treatment of biradicular mandibular canines: Case reports

The knowledge of root canal system of different human teeth is a “road map” for the successful root canal treatment. Mandibular canine usually contains one root with a single root canal, but rarely it may possess two canals and even less frequently two roots and two or three canals. Two rooted mandibular canine is a rare phenomenon. Literature report shows incidence of two-rooted canine as low as 1.7%. This article highlights the identification and endodontic management of two cases of a rare anatomical variation in mandibular canine with two roots and two canals.
ANALYSIS ETHYL ESTER IN BIODIESEL OF RAW MATERIAL WASTE COCONUT OIL AND ARAK

Arak is alcoholic beverages are only allowed to contain ethanol, but unfortunate if misused its use so that the wine can be used as a substitute of reactant in the manufacture of biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of the ethyl ester is formed in product of biodiesel. The methode used cooking oils by households and the level of wine as a reactant in the process of esterification and transesterification using phosphoric acid. Analysis ethyl esters in biodiesel by GC-MS that the results showed ethyl laurate the maximum produced (39.55%) at a retention time of 12.741 minutes by ethanol p.a in the process of biodiesel and ethyl myristate each 36.33%; 48,09%; 32,62%; and 39,62% at retention time 15.008 minutes using arak destillated one, twice, and three times.
Effects of effort training on effort-based impulsive choice

Because impulsive decision-making is correlated with many maladaptive tendencies, researchers have increasingly studied methods for reducing impulsive choice. These efforts have primarily focused on increasing choices of larger, more-delayed rewards. A second type of impulsive choice is selecting a smaller, less-effortful reward over a larger, more-effortful one. Little nonhuman research has examined experimental methods for reducing effort-based impulsive choice. Within the realm of delay-based impulsive choice, extended exposure to reinforcer delays has proven effective in reducing impulsive choices in rats. The current study took a similar tack by evaluating if reductions in effort-based impulsive choice could be achieved by providing rats with extended exposure to high-effort training, that is, reinforcement contingencies requiring a large number of responses. Male rats were randomly assigned to either a high-effort training (fixed-ratio 50) or low-effort training (fixed-ratio 1) group. Following training, both groups completed a test of effort-based impulsive choice. High-effort training produced a temporary reduction in effort-based impulsive choice. In the same test phase, groups also differed in response run durations (shorter following high-effort training), with larger differences in the initial sessions, which may have contributed to the short-term effect of high-effort training in effort-based impulsive choice.