Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer-Aided Diagnosis Research of a Lung Tumor Based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Global Features

Based on the better generalization ability and the feature learning ability of the deep convolutional neural network, it is very significant to use the DCNN on the computer-aided diagnosis of a lung tumor. Firstly, a deep convolutional neural network was constructed according to the fuzzy characteristics and the complexity of lung CT images. Secondly, the relation between model parameters (iterations, different resolution) and recognition rate is discussed. Thirdly, the effects of different model structures for the identification of a lung tumor were analyzed by changing convolution kernel size, feature dimension, and depth of the network. Fourthly, the different optimization methods on how to influence the DCNN performance were discussed from three aspects containing pooling methods (maximum pooling and mean pooling), activation function (sigmoid and ReLU), and training algorithm (batch gradient descent and gradient descent with momentum). Finally, the experimental results verified the feasibility of DCNN used on computer-aided diagnosis of lung tumors, and it can achieve a good recognition rate when selecting the appropriate model parameters and model structure and using the method of gradient descent with momentum.
The ambident nucleophilicity of sulphenate anions

2-Nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene- and 2-nitrobenzene-sulphenate anions, generated by the base-catalysed hydrolysis of the corresponding disulphide or sulphenate ester, undergo S-methylation with methyl iodide but predominantly O-methylation with the ‘harder’ methylating agents, methyl fluorosulphonate and dimethyl sulphate. Sulphinate ions react similarly with methyl fluorosulphonate.
Use of Internal Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy for the in Situ Study of Supported Lipid Monolayers

An instrument has been developed to acquire polarized attenuated total internal reflection (ATIR) mid-IR spectra of supported monomolecular films in situ at the lipid/water (L/W) interface. The monolayer film is applied to the treated surface of a trapezoidal germanium crystal as it is immersed into the subphase of a specially designed Langmuir-Blodgett trough. This approach offers several advantages over the study of monolayer films at the air/water (A/W) interface by external reflection techniques, including (1) an improved signal throughput and multiple reflections, both contributing to an improved signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio; (2) versatility with respect to the chemical nature of the surface; and (3) the ability to use standard spectral subtraction methods to compensate for absorption of the aqueous subphase. The enhanced sensitivity of this approach facilitates the study of in situ interactions of peptides with fully hydrated lipid membrane surfaces.
Relationship between anthropometric characteristics and aerobic fitness among Malaysian men and women

This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationships between anthropometric and aerobic fitness (rate of perceived exertion [RPE] and predicted maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]) among 228 participants (age: 23.78±4.42 years). RPE and predicted VO2max were determined during the cycle ergometer exercise test. Data were also obtained for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), hip and waist (WC) circumferences. Data analysis revealed VO2max is correlated with WC (r=−0.571), weight (r=−0.521), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (r=−0.516), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r=−0.487), and BMI (r=−0.47) in men, while, in women with WC (r=−0.581), weight (r=−0.571), WHtR (r=−0.545), BMI (r=−0.545), WHR (r=−0.473), and height (r=−0.287) (all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed WC was a significant predictor for VO2max in men and women (r 2=32.6% vs. 33.7%). The receiver operating characteristic curve of WC showed 0.786 and 0.831 for men and women, respectively. WC or abdominal obesity is the strongest predictor for VO2max, which is an indicator of aerobic fitness in Malaysian adults.
Phylogeography and ecological niche modeling reveal evolutionary history of Leiolepis ocellata (Squamata, Leiolepidae)

Abstract Leiolepis ocellata is a lizard species distributing in topographically diverse habitats in northern Thailand. To explore its evolutionary history, 113 samples of L. ocellata were collected from 11 localities covering its distributional range in northern Thailand, and sequenced for mtDNA fragments (Cyt b and ND2). Pairwise comparisons across sampling localities yielded significant genetic differentiation (F ST and Jost's D) but no clear pattern of isolation by distance could be demonstrated based on the Mantel test. Phylogenetic and network analyses highlighted six haplogroups. Their divergence times were estimated to occur during the Pleistocene, much more recent than major orogenic events affecting northern Thailand. Instead, the results suggested that lineage divergences, of particularly eastern and western haplogroups of the region, coincided with the major rivers in the region (Yom river and Ping river, respectively), indicating vicariance in response to riverine barriers. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling suggested an expansion of suitable habitats of L. ocellata, when LGM‐liked conditions. This expansion potentially facilitated their dispersal among adjacent localities leading to lineage diversification and genetic admixture, after the riverine divergence.
Magnitude of Multidrug Resistance among Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in Two National Referral Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Background The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of understanding the epidemiology of MDR organisms from a local standpoint. Here, we report on a spectrum of bacteria associated with surgical site infections in two referral hospitals in Eritrea and the associated antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods This survey was conducted between February and May 2017. A total of 83 patients receiving treatment for various surgical conditions were included. Swabs from infected surgical sites were collected using Levine technique and processed using standard microbiological procedures. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller–Hinton Agar by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results A total of 116 isolates were recovered from 83 patients. In total, 67 (58%) and 49 (42%) of the isolates were Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The most common isolates included Citrobacter spp. , Klebsiella spp. , Escherichia coli, Proteus spp. , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. , Enterobacter spp. , and Acinetobacter spp. In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus, CONS, and Streptococcus viridians were the predominant Gram-positive isolates. All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin. MRSA phenotype was observed in 70% of the isolates. Vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 60%, 25%, and 25% of the isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a high proportion (91%) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin and 100% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to >5 of the tested antibiotics. The two Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to >7 antimicrobial agents. We also noted that 4 (60%) of the Klebsiella isolates were resistant to >5 antimicrobial agents. Possible pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains were also isolated. Conclusion Due to the high frequency of MDR isolates reported in this study, the development and implementation of suitable infection control policies and guidelines is imperative.
Detection of the Progression of Anthesis in Field-Grown Maize Tassels: A Case Study

The tassel of the maize plant is responsible for the production and dispersal of pollen for subsequent capture by the silk (stigma) and fertilization of the ovules. Both the amount and timing of pollen shed are physiological traits that impact the production of a hybrid seed. This study describes an automated end-to-end pipeline that combines deep learning and image processing approaches to extract tassel flowering patterns from time-lapse camera images of plants grown under field conditions. Inbred lines from the SAM and NAM diversity panels were grown at the Curtiss farm at Iowa State University, Ames, IA, during the summer of 2016. Using a set of around 500 pole-mounted cameras installed in the field, images of plants were captured every 10 minutes of daylight hours over a three-week period. Extracting data from imaging performed under field conditions is challenging due to variabilities in weather, illumination, and the morphological diversity of tassels. To address these issues, deep learning algorithms were used for tassel detection, classification, and segmentation. Image processing approaches were then used to crop the main spike of the tassel to track reproductive development. The results demonstrated that deep learning with well-labeled data is a powerful tool for detecting, classifying, and segmenting tassels. Our sequential workflow exhibited the following metrics: mAP for tassel detection was 0.91, F1 score obtained for tassel classification was 0.93, and accuracy of semantic segmentation in creating a binary image from the RGB tassel images was 0.95. This workflow was used to determine spatiotemporal variations in the thickness of the main spike—which serves as a proxy for anthesis progression.
Mathematical Modeling of Microbial Growth in Packaged Refrigerated Orange Juice Treated with Chemical Preservatives

Microbial flora of refrigerated orange juice was analyzed during storage at 10 8C and the effects of the following factors were discussed: 1) the previous washing process of the orange peel, 2) the different levels of the added preservatives (citric acid, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate), 3) the gaseous permeabilities of the packaging film. Gompertz equation was applied to model molds and yeasts growth for the different treatments and packaging conditions. The washing procedure with sodium hypochlorite extend 2 - 3 d the storage life of the juice (time to reach microbial counts of 10 6 CFU/ml) in both packaging films. The use of organic acids and potas-
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity during Slow Breathing in Supine Position

The purpose of this study is to clarify cardiac autonomic nervous system activity during slow breathing exercises in a supine position. Eighteen healthy young males were participated. Heart rate variability was measured for 5 minutes at rest, 5 minutes at slow breathing, and then 5 minutes at rest. As a result, the LF/HF ratio increased with slow breathing, but HF value did not change. We suggest that the increased LF/HF ratio may be due to increased airway resistance. Cardiac autonomic nervous system activity during slow breathing in the supine position was revealed.
The Harder the Heart, the Harder It Breaks: A Case of Complete Atrioventricular Block Secondary to Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

The appearance of first-degree atrioventricular block and mitral annulus calcification in an end-stage renal failure patient with elevated parathyroid hormone levels should raise the suspicion of metastatic cardiac calcification. Measures should be taken to normalize the parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus levels to limit the progression of atrioventricular block. Exploration or removal of parathyroid glands should be considered if heart block worsens.
The Cubic Phase of Monoglyceride-Water Systems. Arguments for a Structure Based upon Lamellar Bilayer Units

A combination of low-angle X-ray diffraction and NMR diffusion techniques may be used for the elucidation of the internal structure of cubic lyotropic liquid crystalline lipid systems. The advantage of the NMR method for this kind of struc- ture determinations lies in the facts that restricted diffusion can be observed and that the lateral diffusion in lamellar systems can be measured directly. The value of the apparent diffusion coefficient depends strongly on the overall structural geometry. Previous X-ray diffraction findings for the cubic phase occurring in aqueous monoglyceride systems have been reevaluated and supplemented and arguments are presented for an internal structure built up of small lamellar bilayer units. The lamellar units are ideally hexagon-shaped disks connected in such a manner that they form a close-packed system of tetrakaidecahedra in which the quadrilateral faces are missing. Thus is obtained an open structure which is optically isotropic and is continuous in three axial directions both with respect to the nonpolar lipid and the polar aqueous regions. This structure concept of two con- tinuous regions where the lipid regions consist of a system of lamellar units obtains support from values for the translational diffusion coefficients of the lipid (and water) measured with the NMR pulsed magnetic field gradient method. This type of cubic phases, which occurs in many monoglyceride systems and which can be mixed with other lipids such as lecithin or choles- terol and also with proteins, may be used as model membrane systems.
Efficient Synthesis of New Functionalized 2-(Hetaryl)thiazoles

Abstract An efficient synthesis of the hitherto unknown ring system, 2-heteroaryl-thiazoles, is described via the reaction of 3-oxo-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)butanamide (1) with diazotized heterocyclic amine, phenyl isothiocyanate, dimethylformamide–dimethylacetal, and hydrazine hydrate, and the reaction of 2-chloro-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide (13) with some sulfur nucleophiles and malononitrile. The structures of the compounds prepared were determined by analytical and spectral analyses. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Early Sport Specialization Among Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: Trends, Scholarship Attainment, Injury, and Attrition

Background: Many youth athletes focus on 1 sport to gain a competitive advantage, but early sport specialization may increase risk of overuse injuries and burnout. College athletes have successfully achieved advanced status; therefore, the study of their specialization patterns is a method to assess how specialization affects an athletic career. Purpose: To determine trends in sport specialization by sex, sport, and decade of participation in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes and assess the effect of specialization on scholarship attainment, injury, and attrition. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to NCAA athletes who participated from 1960 to 2018. Survey topics included sex, sport, decade of participation, scholarship status, ≥30-day time-loss injuries sustained in college, orthopaedic surgery in college, career length, and age of single-sport specialization. Early specialization was defined as specialization in a single sport before age 15 years. Rates of early specialization were calculated for each sport, sex, individual and team sports, and decade of participation. Rates of scholarship attainment, injury, and attrition were compared between groups. Univariate associations were queried with logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of specialization, scholarship attainment, injury, and early attrition. Results: Of 1550 athletes who participated (17% response rate), 544 (35.1%) were women. Overall, 18.1% of athletes specialized before age 15 years (n = 281). Athletes in gymnastics, tennis, swimming and diving, and soccer were significantly more likely to specialize early, whereas football and baseball athletes were more likely to specialize late (P < .05 for all groups). Early specialization was more common among women (23.4% vs 15.2%; odds ratio, 1.72; P < .01). There was a trend toward earlier specialization for recent college graduates, with graduates from the last decade more likely to be classified as early specialization than those from previous decades (P = .036). Scholarship attainment was overall equivalent between groups. Time-loss injuries, lower extremity injuries, and orthopaedic surgery in college were not statistically different between groups. Career lengths were similar, but burnout was more common among early specialization athletes (10.5% vs 7.0%; odds ratio, 3.76; P < .01). Conclusion: Less than one-fifth of NCAA athletes surveyed specialized before age 15 years, and neither scholarship attainment nor time-loss injury rate was affected by early specialization. Early specialization is on the rise but is associated with increased burnout.
Nuclear magnetic resonance in a two‐dimensional system

The NMR theory for a two‐dimensional (2D) system of spins coupled by dipolar interaction and undergoing diffusive motion is presented. The correlation functions (c.f.) of the dipolar coefficients are split in two parts: a ’’slow’’ one and a ’’fast’’ one. The c.f. are also written in a form which allows easy prediction of the angular dependence of the relaxation rates. It is demonstrated that, owing to the diffusion process, the slow part decays at long times as t−1 and the fast one as t−2. Measurements of T2, T1, T1ρ on the protons of nitric acid intercalated in graphite have been performed in the temperature range −153 °C,+18 °C. The prediction of the model was checked both in the solid phases (where ω0τD≫1 with τD= diffusional correlation time) and in the ’’liquid’’ phase (above −20 °C). The measurements at room temperature prove, over several decades of frequency, the logarithmic divergence of the slow part‐spectral density for ω→0. Also in the solid phases, the 2D‐diffusive model interprets the measur.
Development of an Eco-Biodevelopmental Model of Emergent Literacy Before Kindergarten: A Review.

Importance Literacy has been described as an important social determinant of health. Its components emerge in infancy and are dependent on genetic, medical, and environmental factors. The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates a substantial role for pediatricians in literacy promotion, developmental surveillance, and school readiness to promote cognitive, relational, and brain development. Many children, especially those from minority and underserved households, enter kindergarten unprepared to learn to read and subsequently have difficulty in school. Observations Emergent literacy is a developmental process beginning in infancy. Component skills are supported by brain regions that must be adequately stimulated and integrated to form a functional reading network. Trajectories are associated with genetic, medical, and environmental factors, notably the home literacy environment, which is defined as resources, motivation, and stimulation that encourage the literacy development process. Eco-biodevelopmental models are advocated by the American Academy of Pediatrics, and these models offer insights into the neurobiological processes associated with environmental factors and the ways in which these processes may be addressed to improve outcomes. Emergent literacy is well suited for such a model, particularly because the mechanisms underlying component skills are elucidated. In addition to cognitive-behavioral benefits, the association of home literacy environment with the developing brain before kindergarten has recently been described via neuroimaging. Rather than a passive approach, which may subject the child to stress and engender negative attitudes, early literacy screening and interventions that are administered by pediatric practitioners can help identify potential reading difficulties, address risk factors during a period when neural plasticity is high, and improve outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Neuroimaging and behavioral evidence inform an eco-biodevelopmental model of emergent literacy that is associated with genetic, medical, and home literacy environmental factors before kindergarten, a time of rapid brain development. This framework is consistent with recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and provides insights to help identify risk factors and signs of potential reading difficulties, tailor guidance, and provide direction for future research.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Diatomite: Mechanism and Effect of Operating Variables

The adsorption capacity of diatomite towards heavy metals as well as the adsorption mechanism was investigated in the present study. The chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the diatomite was mainly composed of SiO2 (95.91%) as cristobalite and quartz. The maximum uptake of Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) were 0.734, 0.232, 0.169 and 0.162 meq/g at pH of 7, 6, 4 and 4, respectively. The adsorption capacity of diatomite was enhanced by increasing the temperature because the adsorption process was endothermic. The effect of the pH on the capacity was studied, and the maximum capacity augmented 6.3 times while increasing the pH from 4 to 7. This trend was due to the electrostatic interactions between the metal cations in solution and the negatively charged surface of the diatomite. The predominant adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) on diatomite was chemisorption, while ion exchange was responsible for 10% to 50% of the adsorption.
Development and Optimization of La o -ZnO-SnO Thick Film Catalytic Pellet for Detection of Carbon Monoxide

2 Abstract: LaCl . 7H O solution was impregnated by a simple d rop coating m ethod onto ZnO-SnO substrate to be used as a CO gas sensor. Parameters such Lanthanum ( La) concentration, cycle of impregnation and h eat-treatment temperature were varied. CO gas sensing properties were determined by in s itu m easurement between 50oC and 300oC. Based on t hese results, three-level (3k) factorial design (TLFD) was employed in the present work and a quadratic equation for this effect was derived. By analyzing the response surface plots a nd their c orresponding contour p lots a s w ell as so lving the quadratic equation, the experimental values were shown to have good agreement with the predicted values since the correlation coefficient was 0.9874. The optimum c onditions obtained were; La concentration, 0.5 x 10 -2 23 M La; coating cycles, 3 t imes and ph ase transformation, La O. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response v alues was verified by the validation of experimental data.
Gastrodin ameliorates learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular dementia by promoting autophagy flux via inhibition of the Ca2+/CaMKII signal pathway

Vascular dementia (VD) is a common disease that occurs during human aging. Gastrodin (GAS) has potential benefits for the prevention and treatment of VD. In the present study, we investigated the effects of GAS on cognitive dysfunction in rats with VD induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and explored the underlying mechanism. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed that GAS attenuated hippocampal levels of LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3), p62, and phosphorylated CaMKII (Ca2+-calmodulin stimulated protein kinase II) in VD rats. Additionally, our results revealed that cobalt chloride blocked autophagic flux in HT22 cells, which was confirmed by increased levels of LC3 and p62 when combined with chloroquine. Notably, GAS ameliorated the impaired autophagic flux. Furthermore, we confirmed that GAS combined with KN93 (a CaMKII inhibitor) or CaMKII knockdown did not impact the reduced p62 levels when compared with GAS treatment alone. Furthermore, a co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that endogenous p62 bound to CaMKII, as confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis after the immunoprecipitation of p62 from HT22 cells. These findings revealed that GAS attenuated autophagic flux dysfunction by inhibiting the Ca2+/CaMKII signaling pathway to ameliorate cognitive impairment in VD.