Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic Evolution in a Patient with Chronic developing a Secondary Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Subtype M5 Resistant to Imatinib Mesylate Therapy

Here we report an unusual case of Chronic Myelogeneous Leukemia (CML) developing towards an Acute Myelogeneous Leukemia subtype M5 (AML-M5). The chromosomal constitution was at (final) stage of AML-M5: Philadelphia chromosome positivity with multiple trisomies, a double t (9; 22) (q34; q11) and an AML1/MDS1/EVI1 (AME) fusion transcript resulting from a t (3; 21) (q26; q22). The latter translocation was detectable first in blast phase of CML and remained present in AML-M5 stage. Overall, four chromosomal analyses were done within 19 months, describing the ongoing karyotypic evolution during this transformation. Unfortunately this exceptional patient did not respond to Imatinib- (IM) or Nilotinib-therapy. These finding May by a first hint that CML-patients acquiring a t (3; 21) (q26; q22) might be appropriate to bone marrow transplantation rather than for IM-therapy.
Leveraging Image Visual Features in Content-Based Recommender System

Content-based (CB) and collaborative filtering (CF) recommendation algorithms are widely used in modern e-commerce recommender systems (RSs) to improve user experience of personalized services. Item content features and user-item rating data are primarily used to train the recommendation model. However, sparse data would lead such systems unreliable. To solve the data sparsity problem, we consider that more latent information would be imported to catch users’ potential preferences. Therefore, hybrid features which include all kinds of item features are used to excavate users’ interests. In particular, we find that the image visual features can catch more potential preferences of users. In this paper, we leverage the combination of user-item rating data and item hybrid features to propose a novel CB recommendation model, which is suitable for rating-based recommender scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed model has better recommendation performance in sparse data scenarios than conventional approaches. Besides, training offline and recommendation online make the model has higher efficiency on large datasets.
Amfepramone does not cause primary pulmonary hypertension

To the Editor: The article by Abramowicz et al. 1 should show the first case of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) associated with the use of amfepramone (diethylpropion), an anorectic drug, and BMPR2 mutation. In my opinion, the relationship between amfepramone and the rise of PPH in this case is unproven. BMPR2 mutation is related to PPH without use of anorectics. Autosomal dominant germline mutations in BMPR2 have been identified in ∼55% …
Workspace Generation for Multifingered Manipulation

In this paper, we propose a novel numerical approach and algorithm to compute and visualize the workspace of a multifingered hand manipulating an object. Based on feasibility analysis of grasps, the proposed approach uses an optimization technique to first compute discretely the position boundary of the grasped object and then calculate the rotation ranges of the object at specified positions within the boundary. In other words, workspace generation with the approach is fulfilled by obtaining reachable boundaries of the grasped object in the sense of both position and orientation, and the discrete boundary points are computed by a series of optimization models. Unlike in workspace generation of other robotic systems where only geometric and kinematic parameters of the robots are considered, all factors including geometric, kinematic and force-related factors that affect the workspace of a hand–object system can be taken into account in our approach to generate the workspace of multifingered manipulation. Since various constraints can be integrated into the optimization models, our method is general and complete, with adaptability to various grasps and manipulations. Workspace generation with the approach in both planar and spatial cases are illustrated with examples. The approach provides an effective and general solution to the long-term open and challenging problem of workspace generation of multifingered manipulation. Part of the work has been published in the Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ IROS2008 and IEEE/ASME AIM2008.
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea and skin ulcer in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana

The indigenous people of Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana are reputed to have been treating many diseases effectively with herbs; however documentation of these herb uses is not available. The present study documented the medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhoea and skin ulcer in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Fifty-two traditional healers were interviewed with the help of a prepared questionnaire. Plants that were cited were coded in the field for identification later. Fourteen and ten plant species were cited for the treatment of diarrhoea and skin ulcer, respectively. Out of the fifty two respondents, forty six (88.5%) had knowledge of plants used in treating diarrhoea and forty (76.9%) had knowledge of plants for skin ulcer treatment. Fourteen recipes for diarrhoea and ten for skin ulcer were documented. The survey uncovered very important sources of cheap remedies for diarrhoea and more importantly, skin ulcer. Key words: Diarrhoea, skin ulcer, medicinal plants, treatment, Ghana.
Influence of Age upon Complications of Carotid Artery Stenting

Purpose: To examine the impact of age upon the development of neurological and major systemic complications during or after carotid artery stenting. Methods: We reviewed the complications that occurred in patients undergoing elective carotid stent implantation between September 1994 and August 1996. The study population was then divided into 3 groups according to age: ≥ 80 (group A), 75 to 79 (group B), and ≤ 74 (group C) years. The rates of death, major and minor stroke, and myocardial infarction were compared among the groups, as well as with the rates reported by the major carotid endarterectomy (CEA) trials. Results: During the study period, 182 patients (216 vessels) were treated with carotid stenting. There were 19 (10.4%) complications: 1 (0.5%) death, 2 (1.1%) major strokes, 15 (8.2%) minor strokes, and 1 (0.5%) myocardial infarction. Neurological complications were clearly related to increased age with rates of 25.0% in group A versus 8.6% in group C (p = 0.042). The overall per patient rate of death or major stroke was 1.6% (1.4% per vessel). Conclusions: Increasing age has a negative impact on the rate of complications in carotid stent patients. However, the majority of those complications are minor. The relative roles of medical therapy, stenting, and CEA in patients > 80 years of age must await the results of randomized trials.
The Immune Response to Tuberculosis

Mycobacterial diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB) or leprosy, are characterized by high rates of infection but low rates of disease. While an estimated one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, only a small percentage of infected people will ultimately develop the disease. Some will develop the disease immediately following infection (primary infection), while others will control the infection subclinically for several years before developing disease (secondary infection or reactivation) (Fig. 1). The association between AIDS and TB has highlighted the importance of the immune system, and particularly CD4 T cells, in controlling or eliminating the infection. However, it is clear that there are other components of an effective immune response, and our understanding of the mechanisms involved in protective immunity is far from complete.
PDE4 inhibitors and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Inhibitors of the 3‘, 5‘ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase Type IV (PDE4) are able to modulate a variety of inflammatory responses in both cell and animal based models. These results suggest that PDE4 inhibitors may provide a novel approach for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. A number of pharmaceutical companies are developing PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease. Recent clinical evidence suggests that PDE4 inhibitors may also be efficacious in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review will summarise current treatments for COPD, the scientific rationale for using PDE4 inhibitors to treat this disease and the current status of known PDE4 inhibitors.
Security Measurement for Unknown Threats Based on Attack Preferences

Security measurement matters to every stakeholder in network security. It provides security practitioners the exact security awareness. However, most of the works are not applicable to the unknown threat. What is more, existing efforts on security metric mainly focus on the ease of certain attack from a theoretical point of view, ignoring the “likelihood of exploitation. ” To help administrator have a better understanding, we analyze the behavior of attackers who exploit the zero-day vulnerabilities and predict their attack timing. Based on the prediction, we propose a method of security measurement. In detail, we compute the optimal attack timing from the perspective of attacker, using a long-term game to estimate the risk of being found and then choose the optimal timing based on the risk and profit. We design a learning strategy to model the information sharing mechanism among multiattackers and use spatial structure to model the long-term process. After calculating the Nash equilibrium for each subgame, we consider the likelihood of being attacked for each node as the security metric result. The experiment results show the efficiency of our approach.
Evaluating human skeletal growth: An Anglo‐Saxon example

Cross-sectional growth data were obtained from the skeletal remains of non-adults from the Raunds Anglo-Saxon site. Standard measurements of the diaphyseal lengths of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs and the maximum breadth of the ilium were recorded in order to construct skeletal growth profiles (SGP). In addition regression equations were used to estimate diaphyseal length from proximal and distal shaft widths, and epiphyseal breadth data for fragmentary remains. The skeletal measurements were then plotted against age estimates determined by the dental formation standards of Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt, and Anderson, Thompson and Popovich. The growth data were compared with sixth to seventh century German, ninth century Slavic and modern Caucasian data. With the exception of the ancient Slavic material, the Anglo-Saxon remains demonstrated the smallest rates of growth. Diaphyseal ageing curves derived from the Anglo-Saxon sample were tested for applicability on the non-adult cohorts of the Berinsfield and Exeter Anglo-Saxon/Early Medieval samples. Differences were observed between diaphyseal age as determined from the skeletal growth profiles for Raunds and calcification age assessed for individuals within the test samples. It is proposed that variation in long bone growth as well as dental age confounds consistent and reliable ageing of skeletal remains based on diaphyseal length. Assessment of changes in health and evaluation of methodological problems inherent to studies of skeletal growth from archaeological populations are discussed. Population comparisons for changes in general health are recommended over individual assessments.
Chronic multiple sclerosis lesions: characterization with high-field-strength MR imaging.

PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion appearance by using susceptibility-weighted imaging and to assess with histologic correlation the role of iron and myelin in generating this MR imaging contrast. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each patient provided written consent to a human subject protocol approved by an institutional review board. High-spatial-resolution susceptibility-weighted 7.0-T MR images were obtained in 21 patients with MS. Contrast patterns in quantitative phase and R2* images, derived from 7.0-T data, were investigated in 220 areas defined as chronic MS lesions on conventional T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2-weighted, and T1-weighted spin-echo images. The presence of positive or negative phase shifts (ie, decreased or increased MR frequency, respectively) was assessed in each lesion. In addition, postmortem MR imaging was performed at 7.0 T and 11.7 T, and its results were correlated with those of immunohistochemical staining specific for myelin, iron, and ferritin. RESULTS The majority (133 [60.5%] of 220) of the identified lesions had a normal phase and reduced R2*. A substantial fraction of the lesions (84 [38.2%] of 220) had negative phase shift, either uniformly or at their rim, and a variety of appearances on R2* maps. These two lesion contrast patterns were reproduced in the postmortem MR imaging study. Comparison with histologic findings showed that, while R2* reduction corresponded to severe loss of both iron and myelin, negative phase shift corresponded to focal iron deposits with myelin loss. CONCLUSION Combined analysis of 7.0-T R2* and phase data may help in characterizing the pathologic features of MS lesions. The observed R2* decreases suggest profound myelin loss, whereas negative phase shifts suggest a focal iron accumulation.
Decreased abundance of eIF4F subunits predisposes low-birth-weight neonatal pigs to reduced muscle hypertrophy.

Muscle hypertrophy is limited in low-birth-weight (LBWT) neonates, suggesting a reduction in protein synthesis and increased protein degradation. Sixteen pairs of 1-d old normal-birth-weight (NBWT) and LBWT littermates (n = 16) were euthanized and the longissimus dorsi (LD) was sampled for protein abundance and kinase phosphorylation profiles measures. Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E and eIF4G abundance, and assembly of the active eIF4E-eIF4G complex was less for LBWT than for NBWT pig muscles. Similarly, eIF3f abundance was reduced in muscle of LBWT compared with NBWT pig and was associated with diminished ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylation. This decrease was linked to a lower phosphorylation of programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) in LBWT pig muscle. By contrast, PDCD4 abundance was greater in muscle of LBWT than NBWT group, suggesting lower release and availability of eIF4A from PDCD4-eIF4A complex. Moreover, protein abundance of eIF4A was lower in LBWT muscle, which is expected to further impair the formation of eIF4F translation initiation complex. Microtubule associated light chain 3 (LC3) II to total LC3 ratio was greater in LBWT LD lysates yet P62 abundance was similar between the two groups suggesting no difference in autophagy. Muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1) abundance was less in LBWT LD lysates, suggesting decreased degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In conclusion, limited eIF4F subunit abundance and downregulated translation initiation are plausible mechanisms for diminished muscle growth in LBWT compared with NBWT neonatal pigs.
Temporal Trends in the Utilization of Diagnostic Testing and Treatments for Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 1993–2001

Background— Rates of invasive testing and treatment for coronary artery disease have increased over time. Less is known about trends in the utilization of noninvasive cardiac testing for coronary artery disease. The objective of this study was 2-fold: to explore temporal trends in the utilization of noninvasive and invasive cardiac services in relation to changes in the prevalence of cardiac disease, and to examine whether temporal increases have been targeted to potentially underserved populations. Methods and Results— We performed an annual cross-sectional population-based study of Medicare patients from 1993 to 2001. We identified stress testing, cardiac catheterization, and revascularization procedures, as well as hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, during each year and calculated population-based rates for each using the total fee-for-service Medicare population as the denominator and adjusting for age, gender, and race. We observed marked growth in the utilization rates of cardiac services over time, with relative rates nearly doubling for most services. Acute myocardial infarction hospitalization rates have remained stable over the study period. Although rates of all procedures except coronary artery bypass increased in all subgroups, differences in rates of cardiac testing and treatment between nonblack men and other subgroups persisted over time. Conclusions— Temporal increases in the use of noninvasive and invasive cardiac services are not explained by changes in disease prevalence and have not succeeded in narrowing preexisting treatment differences by gender and race. Such increases, although conferring benefit for some, may expose others to risk and cost without benefit.
Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology in Obesity Obesity and lung inflammation

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January 16, 2013; . J Infect Dis. Chan, Bo-Jian Zheng, Ivan F. N. Hung, Karen S. L. Lam, Aimin Xu and Kwok-Yung Yuen Anna J. X. Zhang, Kelvin K. W. To, Can Li, Candy C. Y. Lau, Vincent K. M. Poon, Chris C. S. Associated With Cytokine Dysregulation in Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity Leptin Mediates the Pathogenesis of Severe 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Infection [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April , 2013; 41 (4): 929-934. Eur Respir J Mary Jo V. Pugh, Brandy Nakashima, Antonio Anzueto and Polly Hitchcock Noël Phoebe King, Eric M. Mortensen, Mary Bollinger, Marcos I. Restrepo, Laurel A. Copeland, Impact of obesity on outcomes for patients hospitalised with pneumonia [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 15, 2013; 207 (8): 1270-1280. J Infect Dis. Chan, Bo-Jian Zheng, Ivan F. N. Hung, Karen S. L. Lam, Aimin Xu and Kwok-Yung Yuen Anna J. X. Zhang, Kelvin K. W. To, Can Li, Candy C. Y. Lau, Vincent K. M. Poon, Chris C. S. Associated With Cytokine Dysregulation in Mice With Diet-Induced Obesity Leptin Mediates the Pathogenesis of Severe 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Infection [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July , 2013; 42 (1): 180-187. Eur Respir J Anika Singanayagam, Aran Singanayagam and James D. Chalmers Obesity is associated with improved survival in community-acquired pneumonia [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January , 2015; 45 (1): 38-50. Eur Respir J Anna L. Hansell, Nino Künzli and Nicole Probst-Hensch Hoek, Bert Brunekreef, Christian Schindler, Jordi Sunyer, Ursula Krämer, Francine Kauffmann, Piccioni, Ulrich Quass, Joachim Heinrich, Deborah Jarvis, Isabelle Pin, Rob Beelen, Gerard Nieuwenhuijsen, Bertil Forsberg, Kees de Hoogh, Christophe Declerq, Roberto Bono, Pavilio Phuleria, Matthias Birk, Josef Cyrys, Marta Cirach, Audrey de Nazelle, Mark J. Pierre-Olivier Bridevaux, Marloes Eeftens, Ming-Yi Tsai, Simona Villani, Harish Chandra Al Kanani, Rachel Nadif, Valérie Siroux, Rebecca Hardy, Diana Kuh, Thierry Rochat, Margaux Sanchez, Andrea Vierkötter, Alessandro Marcon, Dirk Keidel, Dorothee Sugiri, Zaina Martin Adam, Tamara Schikowski, Anne Elie Carsin, Yutong Cai, Benedicte Jacquemin, study and meta-analysis Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort
Understanding the Impact of an HIV Intervention Package for Adolescents

Adolescents are regarded as a high risk group in South Africa with the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence occurring in this group. Prevention among adolescents is therefore a key in decreasing the HIV burden. This thesis aims to assist in the design of trials by simulating the potential outcomes of a combination prevention trial in adolescents. We develop a stochastic individual-based model stratified by sex and age. We then use this model to determine the impact of various prevention packages on HIV incidence among adolescents participating in a hypothetical trial over a three year period. The trial that is simulated involves an intervention arm, in which adolescents are offered a choice of a prevention methods (including medical male circumcision (MMC), oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral-based vaginal microbicides (ARV-VM)), and a control arm. We predict that the impact of a full prevention package on HIV incidence would be a 46% per personyear(PPY) (95% CI 45–47%) risk reduction. The combination of MMC and PrEP has a substantial impact on HIV incidence in males, with a 51% PPY (95% CI 49–53%) relative risk of HIV infection. Offering women the choice of PrEP, a microbicide gel or a microbicide in the form of a vaginal ring would be less effective, with a 57% PPY (95% CI 56–58%) relative risk of HIV acquisition. This is not substantially different from the relative risk estimated when the vaginal ring alone is offered, as the ring is assumed to be the most acceptii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Expert Systems With Applications

This paper proposes an algorithm for the inclusion of analogy into Explanation-Based Learning (EBL). Analogy can be used when an impasse is reached to extend the deductive closure of EBL’s domain theory. This enables the generation of control laws, via EBL, for hardware which is not catered for in the domain theory. This advantage addresses a problem which represents a dearth in the current literature. Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) literature has thus far been concerned with the architectural considerations. This paper seeks to address the impact of hardware changes on the controllers within an IMA architecture. An algorithm is proposed and applied to control an aviation platform with an incomplete domain theory. Control rules are generated when no deductive explanations are possible, which still reﬂect the intent of the domain theory.
Mechanical loading modulates heterotopic ossification in calcific tendinopathy through the mTORC1 signaling pathway

Excessive mechanical loading is a major factor affecting heterotopic ossification (HO), which is a major pathological alteration in calcific tendinopathy. However, physical therapies with mechanical loading as the functional element have exhibited promising results in the treatment of calcific tendinopathy. The dual effects that mechanical loading may have on the pathogenesis and rehabilitation of calcified tendinopathy remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on HO in calcific tendinopathy. In the present study, a tendon cell in vitro stretch model and an Achilles tenotomy rat model were used to simulate different elongation mechanical loading scenarios in order to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on HO of the tendon. In addition, rapamycin, a selective mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway inhibitor, was employed to determine whether mechanical loading modulates heterotopic ossification in calcific tendinopathy through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. The data indicate that mechanical loading modulated HO of the tendon through the mTORC1 signaling pathway, and that low elongation mechanical loading attenuated HO, while high elongation mechanical loading accelerated HO in vivo. This study may improve the understanding of the effect of physical therapies used to treat calcific tendinopathy, so as to guide clinical treatment more effectively. Furthermore, rapamycin may be a potential drug for the treatment of calcific tendinopathy.
Calcification of the Superior Glenoid Labrum

Calcific tendonitis predominantly affects the rotator cuff tendons. Other reported sites of occurrence include the tendon of the long head of biceps, the trapezius and pectoralis major muscles. We report a rare case of calcification within the posterosuperior glenoid labrum of the shoulder.