Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of an atmospheric nucleation and growth process as a single source of aerosol particles in a city

Abstract. Effects of a new aerosol particle formation (NPF) and particle diameter growth process as a single source of atmospheric particle number concentrations were evaluated and quantified on the basis of experimental data sets obtained from particle number size distribution measurements in the city centre and near-city background of Budapest for 5 years. Nucleation strength factors for a nucleation day (NSFNUC) and for a general day (NSFGEN) were derived separately for seasons and full years. The former characteristic represents the concentration increment of ultrafine (UF) particles specifically on nucleation days with respect to accumulation-mode (regional background) concentrations (particles with equivalent diameters of 100–1000 nm; N100−1000) due solely to the nucleation process. The latter factor expresses the contribution of nucleation to particle numbers on general days; thus, it represents a longer time interval such as season or year. The nucleation source had the largest effect on the concentrations around noon and early afternoon, as expected. During this time interval, it became the major source of particles in the near-city background. Nucleation increased the daily mean concentrations on nucleation days by mean factors of 2.3 and 1.58 in the near-city background and city centre, respectively. Its effect was largest in winter, which was explained by the substantially lower N100−1000 levels on nucleation days than those on non-nucleation days. On an annual timescale, 37 % of the UF particles were generated by nucleation in the near-city background, while NPF produced 13 % of UF particles in the city centre. The differences among the annual mean values, and among the corresponding seasonal mean values, were likely caused by the variability in controlling factors from year to year. The values obtained represent the lower limits of the contributions. The shares determined imply that NPF is a non-negligible or substantial source of particles in near-city background environments and even in city centres, where the vehicular road emissions usually prevail. Atmospheric residence time of nucleation-mode particles was assessed by a decay curve analysis, and a mean of 02:30 was obtained. The present study suggests that the health-related consequences of the atmospheric NPF and growth process in cities should also be considered in addition to its urban climate implications.
FIRST RECORD OF CULICOIDES PARADOXALIS RAMILO & DELÉCOLLE , 2013 ( DIPTERA , CERATOPOGONIDAE ) IN SPAIN

The ceratopogonid Culicoides paradoxalis Ramilo & Delécolle, 2013 is recorded for the first time in Spain based on reliable morphological evidence according to the previous descriptions of other authors. A total of 438 females (349 nulliparous and 89 parous) and a single male were collected with CDC miniature light traps at three different livestock-associated locations in Extremadura Autonomous Community (Spain) in 2014. Most specimens were captured between June and August, suggesting a univoltine pattern for this species extended over summer and early autumn. Although the number of collections of C. paradoxalis is low in comparison with the dominant species, the occurrence of this species in monitoring surveillance programs should deserve specific attention in order to estimate the accurate ratio of potential vectors unmistakably. Interesting information about the period of flight and illustrated morphological features are presented for C. paradoxalis in the current paper.
Human brain responses to non-verbal audiovisual dynamic stimuli

When interacting with others we focus on the spoken word, but also ‘read’ non-verbal cuesfrom the face and voice. Our recordings of the electrical activity of human brain (eventrelatedpotentials, or ERPs) indicate that these audiovisual cues are integrated as early as140msec post-stimulus (sensory ERP components: auditory N140 and visual N170). Whenmultisensory inputs were congruent, and potentially redundant, N170 lost its usual categorysensitivity,whereas auditory N140 showed selectivity to primate and human vocalizations. Alate ERP, P400, was significantly larger when a human face was paired with an incongruentsound. This cross-modal incongruity is similar to a previously described auditory (physical)incongruity potential (McCallum et al 1984). When audiovisual and unisensory stimulationwere contrasted, auditory N140 and visual N170 exhibited underadditivity, whereas laterERPs showed more complex effects. Our data indicate that the human brain possessesspecialized circuitry for rapidly processing information from the face and voice.
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Historical textile dyeing with Genista tinctoria L.: a comprehensive study by UPLC-MS/MS analysis

Polyphenolic components from Genista species have been well characterised because of their potential as antioxidants and as therapeutic leads; however, the identification of dyer's greenweed (Genista tinctoria L.) in historical textiles has been the subject of only limited studies. This paper presents a comprehensive UPLC-PDA MS/MS study of reference and historical yarns dyed with this species. Several so far unreported dye components that could assist with the identification of this dye source, were characterised by MS/MS. Furthermore, the effect of photo-degradation and textile preparation techniques (such as over-dyeing) on the dye fingerprint was investigated and the results correlated with those obtained from historical samples from the Burrell and Bodleian collections, UK.
Impact of Weft Laid-in Structural Knitting Design on Fabric Tension Behavior and Interfacial Pressure Performance of Circular Knits

Inlay yarn and laid-in stitches as important technical knitting elements have been commonly applied in the structural design and pressure control of compression textiles for certain healthcare and therapeutic purposes. In this study, complex weft laid-in stitches design changed the configurations of the studied elastic hoses and exerted significant impact on tension properties and pressure performance. The elastic hoses with laid-in structure involving more tuck loops generated lower tensile energy and elastic hysteresis in stretch. The resulting interfacial pressure thus generated showed a significantly increasing trend and better linear relationship with the raising of tension ratios. The hoses with longer floated inlay yarn increased the fabric extensibility but reduced tensile recovery. The geometric and morphologic deformations in stitches structure may impact the loop densities and compressive forces, thus varying the interfacial pressure generated during stretching. Laplace's law verified the interactive relations among pressure, tension, and curvature radius; however, its accuracy in the evaluation of pressure magnitudes of compression textiles needs to be further studied.
LIQUISOLID TECHNOLOGY- A LATEST REVIEW

The liquisolid technology as described by Spireas is a liquid which is transformed into a free flowing, readily compressible and apparently dry powder by simple physical blending with selected excipients like the carrier and coating material. The liquid portion, which is a liquid drug, a drug suspension or a drug solution in suitable non-volatile liquid vehicles, is incorporated into the porous carrier material. Water-miscible organic solvent systems with high boiling point like propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, or glycerine are the suitable liquid vehicles. When the carrier is saturated with liquid, a liquid layer is formed on the particle surface which is instantly adsorbed by the fine coating particles forming a dry, free flowing and compressible powder. Usually, microcrystalline cellulose is used as carrier and silicon dioxide as coating material. Liquisolid compacts of poorly soluble drugs containing a drug solution or drug suspension in a solubilising vehicle show enhanced drug release with increased surface area of drug release, increased aqueous solubility and improved wettability of the drug particles.
Stochastic and PWM coding for an efficient implementation of Cellular Neural Networks

This paper present the application of Pulse Stream Techniques (PSTs) to the hardware implementation of a Cellular Neural Network. The time differential equation of this networks suggests that the dynamic of one neuron status can be emulated by adding discretized packets of charge to a capacitor. This task can be carried out by driving a current source with a pulse stream signal.
Assessment of Vitamin D status among senior executive managers in large scale industries in the 10 th of Ramadan city , Egypt

Background:Vitamin D deficiency, is an epidemic problem, and has been proved to be associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) especially in females even in most sunny countries. Solar ultraviolet (UV) rays is the main source of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D) ,so it has been hypothesized as a main factor affecting vitamin D status. There is a limited number of studies on males in the literature especially who are at risk of limited sun exposure as in senior executive managers. The objectiveof this study is to assess vitamin D25(OH) status in apparently healthy senior executive managers and its impact on BMD and to determine the potential influence of some related lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. Methods:This crosssectional study involved 59 men aged 40-59 years working in the tenth of Ramadan city ,Egypt , who were randomly selected and medically examined. Men had their 25(OH)D, intact PTH, BMD (lumbar spine (L1-L4) and neck femur). Results: Mean serum level of 25(OH)D was an optimal level in 62.7% of the studied group 35.2(7.6) and 19(2.5) a hypovitaminsis state, which was found in 13.6% (insufficienct subjects) and 23.7% (deficient subjects) ,that reached a significant difference. A strong negative correlation of25(OH)D with PTH was found whilemoderate positive correlation of 25(OH)D with BMD was detected.Sun exposure was the main determining factor for 25 (OH)D level.Conclusion: Senior executive managers are vulnerable for vitamin D25(OH) deficiency, which can affect their BMD in a risky pattern.
ULTRA VIOLET AND DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF METOLAZONE IN PHARMACEUTICALS

Four new simple, precise, accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for the routine estimation of Metolazone in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. Metolazone exhibits absorption maxima at 237nm in water (Method A), 270nm in alcohol (MethodB) and in first order derivative spectra a sharp peak is shown in water at 229.6nm (Method c). The system obeyed Beers law in the concentration range of 10-50µg/ml (MethodA, and C ) and 1-5µg/ml (Method B). Repeatability, intraday and interday precision of metolazone for all the four methods were found to be precise . The accuracy of the developed methods was 98.0-99.04%. The methods developed were fast and economical and also selective and sensitive for the desired range. The results of analysis were validated as per ICH guidelines and by recovery studies. No interference was observed from common tablet adjuvants. These methods have been successfully applied to the pharmaceutical preparations containing Metolazone.
Two-home adults and children: long-lasting or transitory family situation? The case of France

With the increasing diversity of family situations, more people – children as well as adults – now ‘usually’ live in more than one dwelling. In a previous paper we estimated the proportion of people living in two dwellings in Australia and France, and described the consequences of these two-home situations on basic estimates of family situations based on ‘routine’ surveys or censuses. We base our paper on a large-scale survey, the EU-SILC in France, where people are followed annually. We use the three first waves, which took place in 2004, 2005 and 2006. Periods of multi-residence are short: around 1.4 year. Multi-residence is related to living with separated parents, for children and young adults, to living alone for adults, and to living as a couple for older people. The significance of the ‘two-home’ family situations heavily depends on whether they are long-lasting or transitory. We describe the transitions into and out from ‘two-home’ situations, in order to better understand the dynamics of these situations and their place in the family biographies of adults and children.
Depth distribution of larvae critically affects their dispersal and the efficiency of marine protected areas

This study aims to improve estimates of dispersal by including information on larval traits, and in particular to explore how larval depth distribution affects connectivity and MPA (marine protected area) functionality in the Baltic Sea. A field survey showed that both invertebrates and fish differed in their larval depth distribution, ranging from surface waters to >100 m. A biophysical model of larval dispersal in the Baltic Sea showed that decreased depth distribution increased average dispersal distance 2.5-fold, decreased coastal retention and local recruitment, and substantially increased connectivity. Together with pelagic larval duration (PLD), depth distribution explained 80% of total variation in dispersal distance, whereas spawning season, and geographic and annual variations in circulation had only marginal effects. Median dispersal distances varied between 8 and 46 km, with 10% of simulated trajectories dispersing 30 to 160 km depending on drift depth and PLD. In the Baltic Sea, the majority of shallow Natura 2000 MPAs are 10% within MPAs of this size. Connectivity between MPAs was expected to be low for most larval trait combinations. Our simulations and the empirical data suggest that the MPA size within the Natura 2000 system is considerably below what is required for local recruitment of most sessile invertebrates and sedentary fish. Future designs of MPA networks would benefit from spatially explicit biophysical models that consider dispersal and connectivity for complex circulation patterns and informed larval traits.
INTERDEPENDENCY GROUP MODERATION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS AND AUDIT PERFORMANCE

This study is an experiment analyzing the subjects of the audit assignment group. This studyfocus on the dynamics in the aspects of behavior, especially the behavior which is related tothe relationship between the procedural fairness felt by the assignment group and the auditperformance. The method used is the basis of goal setting theory and valence instrumentalityexpectancy theory. Besides that, this study also tests the effect of the interdependence moderationon the relationship between group fairness and audit performance. By using defensetest with ANOVA, it provides result that interdependency moderation in the relationship betweenfairness and audit performance is high. This shows that procedural fairness felt by theteam influences the audit performance. The degree of the fairness effect on the audit performanceis also proved to be significantly influenced by the degree or level of interdependencyamong the groups.
Incentives under Upstream-Downstream Moral Hazard Contract

Abstract : This paper explores the characteristics of an upstream-downstream moral hazard contract between two private initially non-associated producers in a spatialized and flow dependence, one upstream of the other, to provide an environmental public good. The performance of the payment function is studied in detail, in order to clarify how the moral hazard contract operates. After having drawn up and calculated the contract, we derive the incentive non-linear payment functions. The results of the downstream producer depend on the result of the upstream producer. Payments producers thus inherit this dependency structure : payment for the upstream contractor only depends on his results whereas payment for the downstream contractor depends on his own results and on those of the upstream contractor. In some cases, the behavior of the downstream payment function can lead to a possible non-acceptability of the payment function by contractors. To remedy the situation we add an acceptability constraint : a new type of bunching appears for the payment of the downstream producer.
Social Security and Private Saving: New Time-Series Evidence

In an important article in the Journal of Political Economy, Martin Feldstein (1974) estimated that the introduction of the social security system had reduced personal saving by 50 percent, with serious consequences for capital formation and output. His conclusion was based on a consumer-expenditure function estimated with U.S. time-series data and incorporating a social security wealth variable of his construction. This paper presents new evidence that casts considerable doubt on Feldstein's conclusion. First, the social security wealth variable used by Feldstein was seriously flawed as a result of a computer-programming error. Simply correcting this error substantially changes the estimated effect of social security on saving. Second, the statistical evidence depends upon assumptions which are embedded in the construction of the social security wealth variable-assumptions that are not demonstrably preferable, and are in some cases inferior, to alternative assumptions. These assumptions relate, first, to how individuals form their expectations about the social security benefits they expect to receive and the social security taxes they expect to pay and, second, to estimates of the number of workers, dependent wives, and surviving
Tuning the Pore Size of Ink-Bottle Mesopores by Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic layer deposition is demonstrated to be greatly suitable to tune the pore size of ink-bottle mesopores at the atomic level. This is confirmed by quantitative electron tomography, which enables a direct and local 3D characterization of an ultrathin HfO2 coating deposited in the mesopores of a thin titania film.
Jet bundles on projective space II

Let G=SL(E) be the special linear algebraic group on E where E is a finite dimensional vector space over a field K of characteristic zero. In this paper we study the canonical filtration of the dual G-module of global sections of a G-linearized invertible sheaf L on the grassmannian G/P where P in G is the parabolic subgroup stabilizing a subspace W in E. We classify the canonical filtration as P-module and as a consequence we recover known formulas on the P-module structure of the jet bundle J(L) on projective space. We study the incidence complex for the invertible sheaf O(d) on the projective line and prove it gives a resolution of the incidence scheme I(O(d)) of O(d). The aim of this study is to apply it to the study of resolutions of ideal sheaves of discriminants of invertible sheaves on grassmannians and flag varieties. We also give an elementary proof of the Cauchy formula. Hence the paper introduce the canonical filtration of an arbitrary irreducible SL(E)-module and initiates a study of the canonical filtration as P-module where P in SL(E) is a parabolic subgroup.
Very low 1/f barrier noise in sputtered MgO magnetic tunnel junctions with high tunneling magnetoresistance

Low frequency 1/f barrier noise has been investigated in sputtered MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a tunneling magnetoresistance ratio of up to 330% at room temperature. The lowest normalized noise parameter α of the tunnel barrier reaches 2.5 × 10−12–2.1 × 10−11 μm2, which is comparable to that found in MTJs with the MgO barrier grown by MBE or electron–beam evaporation. This normalized barrier noise is almost bias independent in the voltage range of up to ±1.2 V. The low noise level and high voltage stability may reflect the high quality of the sputtered MgO with a uniform distribution of defects in the MgO layer.
Age and smoking as risk factors for malignancy in patients with peripheral solitary pulmonary nodules

The objectives of the present study were to find if there is any correlation between patients' age, tobacco smoking and tumour malignancy and determine if these variables should be considered risk factors for malignancy. Patients and methods : The study included 145 patients with peripheral pulmonary tumours of less than 3 cm in diameter that received a video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resection for tissue diagnosis between 1997 and 2009. Results: The mean patients' age was 62.60 ± 0.95 years. The youngest patient was 17 years old, and the oldest - 82 years old. The study sample included 61 women and 84 men; the men were statistically significantly more than the women (57.3% and 42.07%, respectively) (t=2.74 , P<0.01). Of the 145 patients we operated, 69 (47.59%) had benign tumours, and 76 (52.41%) – malignant; of the latter, 41 (53.95%) had a primary lung carcinoma and 35 (46.05%) - lung metastases. All lesions had a diameter that was in the range of 0.30 cm to 3 cm (mean 1.41 ± 0.06 cm). Malignant tumours were found to have their peak in the age between 61 and 70 years followed by tumours in patients over 70 years (χ 2 =14.06, df=6, P=0.029 ). The malignant tumours found in smokers were 48.2%, which is about 2.5 times higher than the malignant lesions found in non-smokers (19.4 %). Conclusion: The results we had in this study suggest that age over 60 and tobacco smoking are statistically significant risk factors for malignancy. Key words: solitary pulmonary nodule, age, smoking, malignancy
Linking biosecurity and biogeography

The unfathomable complexity of species interactions within biological systems tempts us to impose tidy concepts in an effort to predict, or explain, how ecosystems react to perturbation through species extinction or invasion. The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) contends that islands are inherently at risk of both invasion and extinction of species. The appealing logic of the ETIB and a general consensus that biodiversity is linked to ecosystem resilience – i.e. that the loss of biodiversity will result in a loss of ecosystem stability – have been cemented into mainstream ecology. However, the biodiversityecosystem resilience debate is far from resolved. The ETIB treats species as empirical entities and takes no account of how species’ interactions evolve to determine the way ecosystems function. The Island Resource Allocation (IRA) hypothesis offers a testable alternative explanation of how ecosystems function and could be considered by biosecurity agencies in assessing ecological risk of introduced species.
The Economics of Breakdowns, Checkups, and Cures

A market in which the owner of a durable good, X, contracts with an expert for diagnostic and treatment services is studied. Good X may be in one of three states: "health," "disease," or "failure. " Only experts can determine whether X is healthy or diseased and perform treatment. The owner cannot tell whether recommended treatment is really needed. This creates an information-based demand for health insurance by risk-neutral consumers. Imperfections in the market for spot insurance may give rise to free diagnostic checks, strategic procrastination, and long-term health maintenance agreements.