Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear control of associations including wind turbine, PMSG and AC/DC/AC converters

We are considering the problem of controlling wind turbine synchronous generators driven through AC/DC rectifiers and DC/AC inverters. The control objectives are threefold: (i) forcing the turbine speed to track a reference signal, (ii) regulating the DC Link voltage, (iii) enforcing power factor correction (PFC) with respect to the power network. First, a nonlinear model of the whole controlled system is developed in the Park-coordinates. Then, a nonlinear multi-loop controller is synthesized using the backstepping design technique. A formal analysis based on Lyapunov stability and average theory is developed to describe the control system performances. In addition to closed-loop global asymptotic stability, it is proved that all control objectives (turbine speed tracking, DC link voltage regulation, and unitary power factor) are asymptotically achieved up to small harmonic errors (ripples). The amplitudes of these harmonic errors depend on the power network frequency: the larger the power net frequency the smaller the error amplitudes. The above results are confirmed by simulations which, besides, show that the proposed regulator is quite robust with respect to uncertain changes of wind speed.
Defects of Mitochondrial DNA

In the past few years several syndromes have been associated with lesions of the human mitochondrial DNA. MtDNA is a small, circular extra‐nuclear chromosome encoding essential components of the respiratory chain. MtDNA‐related syndromes can be divided into two groups: mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, characterized by the presence of ragged‐red fibres (RRF) as the morphological hallmark, or “pure” encephalopathies with no gross morphological abnormalities in muscle. The first group includes myoclonic epilepsy with ragged‐red fibres (MERRF), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS), Kearns‐Sayre syndrome (KSS), chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and a new entity, maternally inherited myopathy and cardiomyopathy. The second group includes Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuroretinopathy (LHON) and the newly described ataxia‐retinitis pigmentosa‐dementia complex. Three kinds of molecular lesions have been identified: point mutations of protein encoding mtDNA‐genes (similar to yeast mit‐ mutations); point mutations of mtDNA‐tRNA genes (similar to yeast syn‐ mutations); and large‐scale rearrangements of mtDNA (similar to yeast ρ‐ mutations). In general, “mit‐” mutations are responsible for non‐RRF encephalopathies, while “syn‐” and “ρ‐” mutations are associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies with RRF. Furthermore, point mutations [mit‐ and syn‐) are usually maternally‐ inherited, while large‐scale mtDNA rearrangements are either sporadic or inherited as mendelian traits. In most cases, the molecular detection of the known defects of mtDNA can be carried out by non‐invasive techniques, thus making it an easy and relatively inexpensive procedure in the differential diagnosis of the mitochondrial disorders, a rapidly expanding area of clinical neurology.
A parasitic three-element superdirective electrically small antenna array

This paper presents a parasitic three-element superdirective electrically small antenna array based on very small printed loop antenna (unit-element). The unit-element dimensions are 24 × 20mm2 corresponding to λ/14 × λ/17relative to its resonance frequency of 900MHz. The array has been designed for an interelement distance of 21.5mm. Its total dimensions are 63 × 24mm2, and it presents a simulated directivity of 9dBi. The array optimization has been performed using an ad-hoc procedure based on spherical wave expansion.
Corpus callosal connection mapping using cortical gray matter parcellation and DT‐MRI

Population maps of the corpus callosum (CC) and cortical lobe connections were generated by combining cortical gray matter parcellation with the diffusion tensor fiber tractography of individual subjects. This method is based on the fact that the cortical lobes of both hemispheres are interconnected by the corpus callosal fibers. T1‐weighted structural MRIs and diffusion tensor MRIs (DT‐MRI) of 22 right‐handed, healthy subjects were used. Forty‐seven cortical parcellations in the dorsal prefrontal cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex, sensory‐motor cortex, parietal cortex, temporal cortex, and occipital cortex were semi‐automatically derived from structural MRIs, registered to DT‐MRI, and used to identify callosal fibers. The probabilistic connections to each cortex were mapped on entire mid‐sagittal CC voxels that had anatomical homology between subjects as determined by spatial registration. According to the population maps of the callosal connections, the ventral prefrontal cortex and parts of the dorsal prefrontal cortex both project fibers through the genu and rostrum. The CC regions through which the superior frontal cortex passes extend into the posterior body. Fibers arising from the parietal lobe and occipital lobe run mainly through the splenium, while fibers arising from the sensory‐motor cortex pass through the isthmus. In general, dorsal or medial cortical lobes project fibers through the dorsal region of the CC, while lateral cortical lobes project fibers through the ventral region of the CC. The probabilistic subdivision of the CC by connecting cortical gray matter provides a more precise understanding of the CC. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SENTIMENT EXTRACTION ON PRODUCTS RATINGS USING MATRIX FACTORIZATION AND COLLABORATIVE FILTERING

The advancements made in the social networks enable a phenomenal growth of information systems. The social data are created in the form of comments, blog posts and tweets. These kinds of soc ial data assist to build the relationship between produ cers and consumers. Tracking the pulse of the social med ia contain, enables companies to gain feedback and ins ght in how to improve the market products better. Henceforth, new opportunities are developed and customer’s satisfaction is predicted. In this paper , we have proposed an enhanced rating based prediction model which derive relevant knowledge from the pool of twitter data. Sentimental score is analyzed for eac h received data and make an interpersonal relationshi p between those data in both collaborative filtering and matrix factorization. Experimental results show the efficacy of our proposed work. Performance simulati on is done in terms of precision, accuracy, RMSE and MAE values.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ardiovascular Manifestations of oderate to Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

OBJECTIVES We describe the cardiovascular manifestations of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common cause of toxicologic morbidity and mortality. Although the neurologic sequelae of CO poisoning have been well described, the cardiovascular consequences are limited to isolated case reports. METHODS We reviewed the cardiovascular manifestations of 230 consecutive patients treated for moderate to severe CO poisoning in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber at Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC), a regional center for treatment of CO poisoning. RESULTS The mean age was 47.2 years with 72% men. Ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes were present in 30% of patients, whereas only 16% had a normal ECG. Cardiac biomarkers (creatine kinase-MB fraction or troponin I) were elevated in 35% of patients. In-hospital mortality was 5%. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular sequelae of CO poisoning are frequent, with myocardial injury assessed by biomarkers or ECG in 37% of patients. Patients admitted to the hospital with CO poisoning should have a baseline ECG and serial cardiac biomarkers. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45: ublished by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc. 2005.01. 044
Two Phosphoglucomutase Paralogs Facilitate Ionophore-Triggered Secretion of the Toxoplasma Micronemes

Ca2+-dependent exocytosis is essential for the life cycle of apicomplexan parasites. Toxoplasma gondii harbors a phosphoglucomutase (PGM) ortholog, PRP1, previously associated with Ca2+-dependent microneme secretion. Here it is shown that genetic deletion of either PRP1, its PGM2 ortholog, or both genes is dispensable for the parasite’s lytic cycle, including host cell egress and invasion. Depletion of the proteins abrogated high Ca2+-mediated microneme secretion induced by the ionophore A23187; however, the constitutive and phosphatidic acid-mediated release remained unaffected. Secretion mediated by the former pathway is not essential for tachyzoite survival or acute in vivo infection in the mice. ABSTRACT Paralogs of the widely prevalent phosphoglucomutase (PGM) protein called parafusin function in calcium (Ca2+)-mediated exocytosis across eukaryotes. In Toxoplasma gondii, the parafusin-related protein 1 (PRP1) has been associated with Ca2+-dependent microneme organelle secretion required for essential processes like host cell invasion and egress. Using reverse genetics, we observed PRP1 to be dispensable for completion of the lytic cycle, including host cell invasion and egress by the parasite. However, the absence of the gene affected increased microneme release triggered by A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore used to raise the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration mimicking the physiological role of Ca2+ during invasion and egress. The basal levels of constitutive microneme release in extracellular parasites and phosphatidic acid-triggered microneme secretion were unaffected in the mutant. The phenotype of the deletion mutant of the second PGM-encoding gene in Toxoplasma, PGM2, was similar to the phenotype of the PRP1 deletion mutant. Furthermore, the ability of the tachyzoites to induce acute infection in the mice remained normal in the absence of both PGM paralogs. Our data thus reveal that the microneme secretion upon high Ca2+ flux is facilitated by the Toxoplasma PGM paralogs, PRP1 and PGM2. However, this protein-mediated release is neither essential for lytic cycle completion nor for acute virulence of the parasite. IMPORTANCE Ca2+-dependent exocytosis is essential for the life cycle of apicomplexan parasites. Toxoplasma gondii harbors a phosphoglucomutase (PGM) ortholog, PRP1, previously associated with Ca2+-dependent microneme secretion. Here it is shown that genetic deletion of either PRP1, its PGM2 ortholog, or both genes is dispensable for the parasite’s lytic cycle, including host cell egress and invasion. Depletion of the proteins abrogated high Ca2+-mediated microneme secretion induced by the ionophore A23187; however, the constitutive and phosphatidic acid-mediated release remained unaffected. Secretion mediated by the former pathway is not essential for tachyzoite survival or acute in vivo infection in the mice.
A speed-sensorless predictive current control of multiphase induction machines using a Kalman filter for rotor current estimator

In electrical drive applications based on induction machines, such as the propulsion drive of an electric vehicle, the rotor currents cannot be measured, so it needs to be estimated. This paper describes the rotor currents estimation through reduced order estimator known as Kalman filter to apply a speed-sensorless control of dual three-phase induction machines by applying a current inner loop based on the model predictive control. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed speed-sensorless control technique, thus concluding that the system can work properly without the speed sensor.
Fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, impact and management

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) fatigue is the most common symptom and one of the most disabling features. A s many as 40% have described it as the single most disabling symptom - a higher percentage than weakness, spasticity, motor problems, or bowel or bladder problems. The etiology and patho physiology of MS-related fatigue remain unknown. Studies have failed to demonstrate an association between MS-related fatigue and the level of disability, clinical disease subtype, or gender, although recent data show an association between MS-related fatigue and depression and quality of life. Imaging studies using positron emission tomography suggest that fatigue in MS is related to hypometabolism of specific brain areas, including the frontal and subcortical circuits. The impact of fatigue on patient functioning and quality of life clearly warrants intervention. In addition to nonpharmacologic measures, such as exercise and energy conservation strategies, several pharmacologic agents have been evaluated for their ability to reduce MS-related fatigue, including amantadine, central nervous system stimulants (pemoline), and the novel wake-promoting agent modafinil.
Articular Facets of the Human Spine Quantitative Three‐Dimensional Anatomy

This study provides the quantitative three dimensional surface anatomy of the articular facets for the entire human vertebral column based on a study of 276 vertebrae. Means and standard errors of the means for linear, angular, and area dimensions of the superior and inferior articular facets were measured for all vertebrae from C2 to 1.5. Facet orientations were described as angles with respect to the sagittal and transverse planes and also a card angles. The piano angles are similar to the angles seen on traditional radiographic views—radiographs and computed tomographic scans. The card angles, a new concept, are better at helping visualize the three-dimensional orientations of the facets. Excluding the superior C2 facet, the following minimum and maximum dimensions were found for the facets from C3 to L5: width = 9.6–16.3 mm; height = 10.2–18, 4; surface area =72.3–211.9 mm2; interfacet width = 20.8–40.6; interfacet height - 12.2–33.0 mm; transverse plane angle = 41.0–86.0; sagittel plane angle 67.4–154.8; X-card angle = 41.0–86.0; and Y-card angle = 5.8–66.1. The quantitative anatomy of the facets may improve the understanding of the spinal anatomy, help improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and provide the necessary data for constructing more realistic mathematical models of the spine.
Metric-segmented low-complexity ML detection for spectrum-efficient multiple-antenna systems

In this paper, we reveal that a maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems requires not exponential complexity order in multiplication operations but cubic order against the number of antennas, by introducing the so-called correlation metric. However, the MIMO-MLD requires still exponential order in arithmetic additions. In order to further reduce the complexity, we propose effective techniques referred to as a metric-segmentation and a norm-constraint approach. We show that the proposed MLD using these techniques can significantly reduce the computational complexity without any performance degradation. Moreover, the proposal does not need additional high-complexity operations such as QR decompositions and matrix inversions.
An event timeline extraction method based on news corpus

Event extraction is an important research point in information extraction area, and news event extraction has a greater practical significance. The existing methods of extracting news event, which starts from the time element, is to identify the date sentences hold by Natural Language Processing and extract the event on the date by Text Clustering. However, they only process the news that holds a time-tag and gives up the news that has no accurate date, which easily leads an extraction deviation of significant events and reduces the accuracy of ordering the significant events. In this paper, improvement for this defect is to calculate the similarities between sentences to put part of the non-time-tag sentences into the right date container, thereby the accuracy of ordering the significant event is improved. Through experiments and compared with the existing methods, the accuracy of ordering the significant events in this paper is improved by 14.6%.
COX‐2 and fatty acid amide hydrolase can regulate the time course of depolarization‐induced suppression of excitation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Depolarization‐induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and excitation (DSE) are two forms of cannabinoid CB1 receptor‐mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission, whose durations are regulated by endocannabinoid (eCB) degradation. We have recently shown that in cultured hippocampal neurons monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) controls the duration of DSE, while DSI duration is determined by both MGL and COX‐2. This latter result suggests that DSE might be attenuated, and excitatory transmission enhanced, during inflammation and in other settings where COX‐2 expression is up‐regulated.
Harmonic power sharing and PCC voltage harmonics compensation in islanded microgrids by adopting virtual harmonic impedance method

This paper proposes a new control scheme for harmonic power sharing and PCC voltage harmonics compensation in islanded microgrids by adopting virtual harmonic impedance method. Firstly, a droop relationship between the equivalent harmonic impedance of distributed generation (DG) units and their remaining power capacities (ZDG_h_eq-SDG_remaining droop relationship) is put forward. Then, a virtual harmonic impedance method based on detecting the output harmonic current of DGs is introduced and it is combined with the ZDG_h_eq-SDG_remaining droop relationship to form a control scheme for DGs in islanded microgrids. With this control scheme, harmonic power is shared among DGs according to their remaining power capacities without communication systems and PCC voltage harmonics can be effectively compensated. A harmonic distortion limit module is added to the proposed control scheme so that the THD of PCC voltage can be kept less than 5% even under relatively severe load conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation results.
Helicobacter pylori Treatment: A Role for Probiotics?

Many new therapeutic strategies are studied to improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate. Probiotics are live microorganisms which, upon administration, may interact with the human microflora and positively affect the health status. The use of probiotics in the field of H. pylori infection has been proposed for improving eradication rate and tolerability and for compliance of multiple antibiotic regimens used for the infection. Results from laboratory studies and from clinical trials seem to confirm the expectancies, but there is lack of standardization in terms of type of probiotic strain used, dosage and timing of supplementation. Before further ongoing trials and future studies will clarify these points, probiotics could remain a useful adjunct to standard anti-H. pylori therapies, but cannot take the place of other validated options.
Two-state switching and dynamics in quantum dot two-section lasers

The electrical control of the lasing wavelength in two-section quantum dot lasers is investigated. By changing the optical loss in the absorber section, the control of the ground-state (GS) and excited-state (ES) lasing thresholds and output powers is achieved. Additionally, a complex self-pulsation dynamics with simultaneous oscillations of the GS and ES intensities is observed. The experimental results are well explained in the framework of a rate equation model.
Simulation and maximum capacity verification of indoor MIMO antenna systems in a simple multipath-rich environment

The work in this paper shows how to accurately simulate a MIMO system in a simple multipath-rich environment on a physical layer level. The simulator includes an arbitrary antenna pattern and polarization at the transmitter and the receiver. The simulator output is an accurate channel matrix describing the power loss and propagation delay between each transmitter and receiver radiating element for each significant propagation path. Some results are then presented demonstrating the increase of the system data rate for different physical configurations and/or various radiating elements pattern using a MIMO system.
Multidimensional constellations. I. Introduction, figures of merit, and generalized cross constellations

The authors discuss the major attributes desired in signal constellations, such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency, simplicity of mapping bits to points and vice versa, compatibility with coded modulation schemes, and compatibility with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The capability of supporting a so-called opportunistic secondary channel, often used for internal control signaling, is considered. The gain in SNR efficiency of a multidimensional constellation (lattice code) consisting of the points from a lattice Lambda within a region R compared to a cubic constellation is shown to be approximately separable into the coding gain of Lambda and the shape gain of R, for large constellations. Similarly, the expansion of the associated constituent 2-D constellation is shown to be approximately separable into a constellation expansion ratio (CER) coding component CER/sub c/( Lambda ) and a shaping component CER/sub s/(R). The N sphere is the region R with the best shape gain, but N also has large constellation expansion. Bounds for the best possible shape gain versus CER/sub s/(R) or peak-to-average-power ratio (PAR) are given. Generalized cross constellations are discussed. These constellations yield a modest shape gain with very low CER/sub s/(R) or PAR, are easily implemented, are well suited for use with coded QAM modems, and can be readily adapted to support an opportunistic secondary channel. >
Parasites, desiderata lists and the paradox of the organism

Eavesdrop morning coffee at any major centre of evolutionary theory today, and you will find ‘parasite’ to be one of the commonest words in the language. Parasites are touted as prime movers in the evolution of sex, promising the final solution to that problem of problems, the puzzle that led G. C. Williams to proclaim in 1975 ‘a kind of crisis’ at hand in evolutionary biology (Hamilton, 1980; Tooby, 1982; Seger & Hamilton, 1988). Parasites seem to offer a plausible justification for the otherwise futile effort females put into choosing among posturing males (Hamilton & Zuk, 1982; but see Read, 1990). Frequency-dependent selection exerted by parasites is, according to one admittedly minority view, largely responsible for the high levels of diversity found in gene pools (Clarke, 1979). One might even extrapolate to a time when the entire metazoan body could come to be seen as a gigantic adaptation against microscopic pathogens.