Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Predictable Way for Function and Aesthetic Direct Restoration in Anterior Teeth-A Case Report

Currently, one of the choices of treatment are the direct adhesive restorationswith light curing composites. By improving the performance and the probability of survival of direct adhesive restorations, numerous studies have been performed in dental scientific literature. Today's direct adhesive restorations allow replacing moderate loss of tooth structure. This has resulted in considerable improvements in medico-biological and socio-economical aspect, as these newer adhesive materials are more conservative and give a perfect esthetic result. Both the enamel and dentin have intrinsic physical and optical properties. Dentin is approximately 20% more opaque than enamel, providing most of the tooth's true color. Enamel acts like a fiber optic layer that adjusts the perception of the underlying dentin color. The qualities of contemporary adhesive light curing materials provide an opportunity for a good biomimetic restoration even at high aesthetic requirements in the front area. Aesthetic results and the average longevity of restorations in anterior teeth are in high correlation with the quality of marginal adaptation. The aim of this case report is to describe step by step the clinical protocol of the restoration process in anterior teeth. Also to discuss the importance of a predictable and reproducible way for functional and aesthetic outcome and last but not least – to show the management and importance of marginal adaptation.
Optimizing Multiple Stock Trading Rules using Genetic Algorithms

This paper studies investments strategies for stock markets based on a combination of multiple Technical Indicators rules. The strategies generated are compared with the Buy and Hold, and with the single Technical Indicators. The experiments show that the combined strategies outperform the results of each strategy individually, and also the results of the Buy and Hold for 3 Major Stock Indexes, between 2004 and 2009. General Terms Algorithms, Economics, Experimentation, Performance.
Where the journey is headed : Collaboratively constructed multilingual Wiki-based resources

Multilingual lexical-semantic resources play an important role in computational linguistics, e.g. in cross-lingual information retrieval or machine translation. However, multilingual resources with sufficient quality and coverage are rare, as the effort of manually constructing such a resource is substantial. In recent years, the emergence of Web 2.0 has opened new possibilities for handling the effort of constructing large scale lexical-semantic resources. We identified Wiktionary and OmegaWiki as two important multilingual initiatives where a community of users („crowd“) collaboratively edits and refines the lexical information. We argue that collaborative construction is a promising approach to cope with the enormous effort of building such resources. It seems especially appropriate in the multilingual domain as users from all languages and cultures can easily contribute. However, despite their advantages such as open access and coverage of multiple languages, these resources have hardly been systematically investigated until now. Therefore, the goal of our contribution is two-fold: First, we focus on two promising multilingual resources containing lexical-semantic information. To this end, we analyze the way they emerged and characterize the resulting content. Second, we propose how a collaboratively constructed multilingual resource should be designed in order to be maximally useful for text analysis.
Phosphorus speciation in Swedish agricultural clay soils Influence of fertilisation and mineralogy

Phosphorus (P) is an important element for crop production, but build-up of excess soil P can promote P leaching and eutrophication of surface waters. To better understand the dynamics of P release from soil to waters, more knowledge is needed about sorption patterns and P speciation in agricultural soils. Two new indices were developed to assess the importance of P sorption to hydroxyinterlayered clay minerals, and to evaluate the amount of hydroxy-interlayering and hydroxy-interlayer stability. A strong relationship was found between oxalateextractable aluminium (Al) and the amount of hydroxy-interlayering in soil, suggesting a common source. This makes it difficult to analytically distinguish between phosphate (PO4) adsorbed to hydroxy-interlayers from PO4 adsorbed to Al hydroxide-type precipitates. Application of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to evaluate P speciation in soil profiles and the effects of P depletion and fertilisation revealed a distinct change in P speciation with increasing soil depth in an agricultural clay soil profile. The results indicated that the subsoil P predominantly occurred as apatite, whereas PO4 adsorbed with Al-hydroxides or hydroxy-interlayers dominated in the topsoil. Organic P and PO4 adsorbed to iron (Fe)-(hydr)oxides were observed only in the topsoil. This can be explained by long-term weathering of apatite and silicates, particularly ferromagnesian forms such as amphibole, in the upper soil horizons, causing an association of the released PO4 with secondary metal (hydr)oxides. Collectively, the XANES results showed that the most important phases governing P retention and release in agricultural clay soils are adsorption of PO4 to Al and to Fe in (hydr)oxide minerals or interlayers. After fertilisation, P was adsorbed to Al hydroxide phases in six different soil types studied, but in two of the soils there was also an increase in calcium phosphate. Moreover, P solubility was shown to be lowest at pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 and increased with decreasing pH, probably as a result of the dissolution of apatite and PO4-bearing hydroxy-Al precipitates at low pH.
Exploring consumers' motivations to engage in innovation through co-creation activities

Purpose – This paper aims to explore what factors motivate consumers to engage in co-creation innovation activities. The authors propose that motivations differ across types of activities, whether working independently, as part of a community or directly with the firm. They offer theoretical explanations as to why this might be the case. Design/methodology/approach – Adopting an exploratory research design, the study consists of a series of online interviews with participants in the gaming and video games industry. Findings – Motivations appear to differ across types of co-creation efforts. Innovating independently of the firm appears to be driven by egocentric motives; innovating as part of a community appears to be driven by altruistic motives; and innovating directly in collaboration with the firm appears to be driven by opportunity- (or goal-)related motives. Practical implications – Understanding the factors that motivate consumers to engage in co-creation activities enables firms to strategically ma.
EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING AND PREDICTION OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

Data mining is a collection of techniques for efficient automated discovery of previously unknown, valid, novel, useful and understandable patterns in large databases. Conventionally, the information that is mined is denoted as a model of the semantic structure of the datasets. The model might be utilized for prediction and categorization of new data. In recent years the sizes of databases has increased rapidly. This has lead to a growing interest in the development of tools capable in the automatic extraction of knowledge from data. The term Data Mining or Knowledge Discovery in databases has been adopted for a field of research dealing with the automatic discovery of implicit information or knowledge within databases. The aim of this paper is to discuss about the educational data mining and its application. First we describe the techniques of education data mining and further we are discussing a case study, which is application of educational data mining for the prediction of learning disabilities in a child.
Overview of RCT for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Objective: This study aimed to get information on the current status of therapies to date for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: All randomized clinical controlled trial (RCT)-derived papers for NAFLD or NASH were reviewed via PubMed Database. Results: 39 RCTs met the review criteria, of which 15 and 24 papers were for NAFLD and NASH, respectively. 83% of the papers were released since 2006, and 30 studies were conducted for western medicines, antioxidants and lifestyle intervention whereas nine trials were done using herbal medicine or acupuncture which showed positive outcome. Conclusions: NAFLD and NASH are new epidemic disorders which can be a target of traditional Oriental medicine. This study will be helpful for the Oriental medicine-based strategies or therapeutic development for them.
Computer Aided System for Nuclear Stained Breast Cancer Cell Counting

1.1 Image characteristics Immunohistochemistry is a technique used for detecting in situ a tissue antigen by a specific antibody. An antigen-antibody reaction is visualized by the color development of specific dye and can be seen by light microscope. The tissue antigen is presented at any part of the cell, i.e., cell membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus. Therefore, it is a useful technique to demonstrate the protein markers including cancer cell. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are prognostic markers for breast cancer detected by this method. Evaluation of ER and PR positive cells are useful for hormonal therapy.
Surface Plasmon Polariton Based Polarization Modulators Using Metal-polymer Waveguides

A tunable polarization modulator based on the periodic metal strips embedded in a polymer waveguide is presented. The periodic metallic structure is analyzed by Finite Element simulation (COMSOL). The calculation results show that the giant birefringence is formed by the selective cut-off of TE polarization over TM polarization, which makes it possible to design an efficient polarization modulator with a short conversion length. The metallic strips are made by using four-layer lift-off fabrication technology. The transmission and group indices of TE and TM modes are measured. However, it is observed that TE and TM modes cut off at same time, which does not agree with our predictions. The reason for failure is that the change in refractive indices is different from what we expected, which makes the device perform in opposite way. Finally, further suggestions are provided to modify the design so that the device can achieve its expected function.
Calculation of geometric phases in electric dipole searches with trapped spin-1/2 particles based on direct solution of the Schrödinger equation

Pendlebury $\mathit{et}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathit{al}. $ [Phys. Rev. A 70, 032102 (2004)] were the first to investigate the role of geometric phases in searches for an electric dipole moment (EDM) of elementary particles based on Ramsey-separated oscillatory field magnetic resonance with trapped ultracold neutrons and comagnetometer atoms. Their work was based on the Bloch equation and later work using the density matrix corroborated the results and extended the scope to describe the dynamics of spins in general fields and in bounded geometries. We solve the Schr\"odinger equation directly for cylindrical trap geometry and obtain a full description of EDM-relevant spin behavior in general fields, including the short-time transients and vertical spin oscillation in the entire range of particle velocities. We apply this method to general macroscopic fields and to the field of a microscopic magnetic dipole.
Biogeography of litter depth in tropical forests: evaluating the phosphorus growth rate hypothesis

Summary 1. The leaf litter of tropical forests serves as a carbon sink, slows soil erosion and leaching, and is home to a large fraction of the forest’s biodiversity. Standing leaf litter reflects the balance of litterfall and decomposition; both rates may be limited by element availability. We propose a mechanism for this regulation that assumes phosphorus limits metabolism in tropical soils, and that phosphorus limitation is more pronounced in faster growing organisms. 2. Leaf litter depth varied 16-fold (1·4‐22·4 cm) across 28 forest stands in Panama and Peru and was deeper on sand vs. clay soils. Of five elements tested (N, P, K, Mg and Ca), the concentration of P in decomposing litter best predicted litter depth ( r 2 = 0·76, C : P 1·90 ). This relationship broke down in the most impoverished sandy soils. 3. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the weathering of tropical soils limits the metabolism of microbes first and trees second, with decomposition and litterfall co-limiting litter depth in ecosystems with the least available phosphorus. This has implications for the dynamics of weathering: nutrient leaching may be regulated through negative feedback if deeper litter buffers soil from rainfall.
Learning in Games with Lossy Feedback

We consider a game-theoretical multi-agent learning problem where the feedback information can be lost during the learning process and rewards are given by a broad class of games known as variationally stable games. We propose a simple variant of the classical online gradient descent algorithm, called reweighted online gradient descent (ROGD) and show that in variationally stable games, if each agent adopts ROGD, then almost sure convergence to the set of Nash equilibria is guaranteed, even when the feedback loss is asynchronous and arbitrarily corrrelated among agents. We then extend the framework to deal with unknown feedback loss probabilities by using an estimator (constructed from past data) in its replacement. Finally, we further extend the framework to accomodate both asynchronous loss and stochastic rewards and establish that multi-agent ROGD learning still converges to the set of Nash equilibria in such settings. Together, these results contribute to the broad lanscape of multi-agent online learning by significantly relaxing the feedback information that is required to achieve desirable outcomes.
0 A pr 2 01 2 DESY-12-047 TUM-HEP 830 / 12 Origin of family symmetries

Discrete (family) symmetries might play an important role in models of elementary particle physics. We discuss the origin of such symmetries in the framework of consistent ultraviolet completions of the standard model in field and string theory. The symmetries can arise due to special geometrical properties of extra compact dimensions and the localization of fields in this geometrical landscape. We also comment on anomaly constraints for discrete symmetries.
Analysis of Web Phishing Methods

Phishing is considered as a form of web threat and is the act of impersonating a website of an honest enterprise aiming to obtain user’s confidential credentials such as usernames, passwords and other private or sensitive information. The Internet today is a medium of our everyday social and financial activities. Internet is also a platform for large and small organizations to expand business via e-commerce. As a result, the number of customers who rely on the Internet to perform procurements is increasing dramatically. Unimaginably large amounts of money are transferred through the Internet every day. This amount of money is very tempting to fraudsters and hackers. Hence, Internet users may be vulnerable to different types of web threats, which may cause financial damages, identity theft, loss of private information, brand reputation damage and loss of customers’ confidence in e-commerce and online banking. In this survey paper we shall discuss existing phishing techniques in detail. We shall also take a look at 2 important algorithms that deal with detecting and preventing phishing attacks along with their effectiveness and shortcomings in order to carry out a Comprehensive study. The motivation behind this paper is to contribute in enhancing Anti-Phishing methods and preventing a dominant type of crime in today’s day and age – Cybercrime.
A Study on the Donations to Help Tsunami Victims

This paper uses PSID data to study households’ donating behaviors, with a focus on the households’ donations to help the victims of the tsunami, which struck in Indonesia at the end of 2004. Both households and donating channels through which households donated are studied. Three models, the charitable givers model, the reciprocity model and the family transfer model, are tested to help identify potential donors for tsunami relief. The empirical evidence suggests that among all the charitable givers, those who donated to religious organizations are more likely to donate also to tsunami relief. In addition, if a household has received help from non-family members, its probability of giving to tsunami victims increases. The probability of tsunami giving also increases when a household gives significant financial support to its parents. Furthermore, the study also shows that among all the available donating channels for tsunami relief, stores are best at attracting non-regular givers, although they induced the least amount from each donor. In comparison, internet, TV and radio generated the best responses in term of amount from each donor. 1 A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honors in Economics from the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan. I want to thank Prof. Frank Stafford for his inspiring suggestions. I also want to thank Prof. Stephen Salant for his careful review and helpful comments.
Block Coordinate Descent Almost Surely Converges to a Stationary Point Satisfying the Second-order Necessary Condition

Given a non-convex twice continuously differentiable cost function with Lipschitz continuous gradient, we prove that all of the block coordinate gradient descent, block mirror descent and proximal block coordinate descent methods converge to stationary points satisfying the secondorder necessary condition, almost surely with random initialization. All our results are ascribed to the center-stable manifold theorem and Ostrowski’s lemma.
ROBUST OBSERVABILITY FOR REGULAR LINEAR SYSTEMS UNDER NONLINEAR PERTURBATION

In this article, we consider the admissibility and exact observability of a class of semilinear systems obtained by nonlinear perturbation for regular linear systems. We obtain the well-posedness of the semilinear system and the admissibility of the observation operator for the nonlinear semigroup, the solution semigroup of the semilinear system. Further, we obtain the robustness of the exact observability with respect to nonlinear perturbations when the Lipschitz constant is small enough. Finally, we give two examples to illustrate the obtained results.
Research on group decision making behavior based on multi-attribute hierarchical relation

Most large group decision-making methods don’t take correlation between attributes into account and consider that attributes are all independent of each other, it is one-sided. Therefore, this paper put forward a large group decision-making method based on multi-attribute hierarchical relation. Using the preference vector aggregation method, obtained the weighted sorting scheme. In addition, this paper presents a new similarity index and applies the method to the past natural disasters throughout the country to evaluate disaster grade.
Network on Chip ( NOC ) Data Encoding Techniques Using VHDL

As technology shrinks, the power dissipated by the links of a network-on-hip (NoC) starts to compete with the power dissipated by the other elements of the communication subsystem, namely, the routers and the network interfaces (NIs). In this paper, we present a set of data encoding schemes aimed at reducing the power dissipated by the links of an NoC. The proposed schemes are general and transparent with respect to the underlying NoC fabric (i.e., their application does not require any modification of the routers and link architecture). Experiments carried out on both synthetic and real traffic scenarios show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, which allow saving upto 51% of power dissipation and 14% of energy consumption without any significant performance degradation and with less than 15% area overhead in the NI. In this paper we used Xilinx-ISE tool for logical verification, and further synthesizing it on Xilinx -ISE tool using target technology and performing placing & routing operation for system verification.
Performance Investigation on Lossy Still Image wavelet Compression using different wavelet filter functions

Abstract— The aim of this paper is to observe a set of wavelet for achievement in a still image compression system and to accentuate the advantage of this transform involving to today’s methods. This paper discusses significant features of wavelet transform in compression of still images, including the scope to which the quality of image is degraded by the method of wavelet compression and decompression. Image quality is measured objectively, using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and subjectively, using apparent image quality. The effects of different wavelet functions, image contents and Compression Rate (CR) are assessed. A comparison among the different wavelets based compression system is given in this paper. Our results provide a good suggestion for application developers to choose a good wavelet compression system for their application. KeywordsImage Compression; Wavelet Compression; Peak Signal Noise Ratio; Compression Rate; Wavelet Filters.
An Approach for Maximizing Performance on Heterogeneous Clusters of CPU and GPU

Over the past years there has been significant enthusiasm for development of parallel computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPU) which have now become powerful and affordable hardware equipping data centers and research clusters. Our earlier research has explored the ways to exploit the parallel compute performance of the GPU along the CPU in the same cluster. We have proposed a model for processing distributed machine learning tasks leveraging both the CPU and the GPU equipped on the nodes. Still in this direction, we present in this paper our approach for optimizing the performance of the previously proposed framework. We then further present our approach for integrating this processing model into a more general dataflow graph processing framework by extending it with support for GPU tasks and resources. In addition we have developed a k-nearest neighbors implementation demonstrating all the features. We then present our model based on flow networks for the efficient scheduling on this heterogeneous framework. Keywords—machine learning, Big Data, GPU, scheduling, parallel processing, dataflow graph, distributed processing.
Adaptive Tetrodotoxin-Resistance in Garter Snake Sodium Channels

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin that specifically binds to voltage gated sodium channels (NaV). TTX binding physically blocks the flow of sodium ions through NaV, thereby preventing action potential generation and propagation. TTX has different binding affinities for different NaV isoforms. These differences are imparted by amino acid substitutions in positions within, or proximal to, the TTX binding site in the channel pore. The garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis has evolved TTX-resistance over the course of an arms race, allowing some populations of snakes to feed on tetrodotoxic newts, including Taricha granulosa. We tested the properties of NaV with TTX resistance found in garter snake populations. We observed some surprising changes in gating properties and ion selectivity of the TTX resistant NaV. These results suggest TTX resistance comes at a cost to performance caused by changes in the biophysical properties and/or ion selectivity of the TTX resistant