Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automating the Building of 2 nd and 3 rd Order Interactions and The Construction of Hierarchical Logistic Regression Models

We have developed a SAS [1] macro to automate the building of selected second and third order interaction terms of dichotomous variables and the process of the hierarchical backward elimination method in PROC LOGISTIC [2] to build several logistic regression models. The macro creates needed interaction effects, includes them in the data set, and performs the hierarchical backward elimination method until a final logistic regression model is reached. The macro was developed on Release 6.12 TS045 of the SAS® system running on ALPHASERVER Model 1200 5/533 4MB. A system option of LS=132 is required to accurately read and extract needed components from PROC LOGISTIC output. INTRODUCTION In the VA Cooperative Study of Sulfasalazine for the Treatment of Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies (CSP #341) [3] [4] [5], we sought to model the binary variable treatment response by examining treatment assignment (Sulfasalazine and Placebo) and various sets of five to twelve dichotomous variables that indicated the presence or absence of selected HLA antigens as independent variables. We used PROC LOGISTIC of SAS to perform variable selection by backward elimination while adhering to the hierarchical model building principal, that is, all effects contained in a significant interaction term must remain in the model, even if these effects are not conditionally significant. For example, if the interaction term ABC is significant, the main effects A, B, and C, as well as the AB, AC, and BC interaction effects must remain in the model. At the time of this analysis, the hierarchical backward elimination process needed to arrive at a final logistic regression model was very tedious to implement when dealing with 2nd and 3rd order interactions. Unlike PROC GLM, interactions had to be constructed in the SAS dataset. Then, starting with a full model the p-values for the individual effects from the logistic regression output were hierarchically examined in multiple runs to eliminate non-significant effects that are not contained in significant higher order effects, until no more terms could be eliminated. The more independent variables used, the more tedious the process became. Figure 1 illustrates the number of 2nd and 3rd order interactions for 1-10 independent variables. To simplify and speed up this process, we developed the macro described herein. THE MACRO DESCRIPTION The first section of the macro defines the input parameters. The code below shows the needed LIBNAME and FILENAME declarations and the descriptions of the needed input parameters followed by macro %LET assignment statements that assign the input values to the input parameters.
MOTION ESTIMATION AND CONVOLUTIONAL CODING FOR VIDEO STREAMING OVER WIRELESS CHANNELS

In this paper, a source and channel coding scheme is proposed for lossy video transmission over wireless channels. The source coding is used to reduce the redundancy so that the bit streams/video can be stored or sent efficiently over a network. The block-Matching (BM) with Quintet Search (QS) algorithm for motion estimation (ME) uses as a source coding or video compression technique. In the new QS algorithm, the number of searching points is reduced to five points instead of eight points in standard algorithm. The channel/convolutional coding (CC) adds useful redundancy to combat channel effects of the wireless environments and improve the system performance. The results of compression using different searching algorithms and different settings of the H.261 encoder parameters are computed for different videos with 176×144 dimension to select the proper settings that can be applied to the input video streams being transmitted over wireless links. The results show that the proposed system can produce a balance between the compression performance and preserving the video quality in video conference applications. Further, the performance of coded systems over additive white Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels is also computed and compared with the system without channel coding.
Correction to : “On isospectral deformations of riemannian metrics. II”

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IMPACT OF SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ON LIFE SATISFACTION OF VISUAL ARTISTS IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined the effects that the social demographic factors and perception of environment have on life satisfaction of artists who are residing in Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State in Nigeria and it investigated the rate of life satisfaction of these visual artists amidst the low standard of living in Nigeria. Also, the study identified the major cultural groupings and social stratification in Nigerian society and made mention of the environmental and socio-economic factors such as high cost of living, economic depression, modernization, urbanization and prevalent extended and large family system as part of the bane of Nigeria's socio demographic malaise. The visual artists who are living in Ibadan were randomly selected and informed of the purpose of the research while those who agreed to respond were given questionnaires to fill. The completed questionnaires were collected, collated, synthesized and textually analysed through quantitative method. It was established that male artists are more satisfied with life than their female counterparts and recommendation was made for the visual artists to be realistic about the social factors that can enhance their life satisfaction rather than embracing a bohemian principle of living.
Validation of a passive bistatic radar using digital satellite TV as a source of opportunity.

The project is based on the proposal of a Passive Bistatic Radar that uses digital satellite television signals, transmitted from geostationary orbits, as sources of opportunity to detect distances and Doppler for different targets. Initially, the main objective of the project was the detection of rain, but due to the few precipitation events with strong intensity near the radar ground station, other detection experiments have been carried out. The setup of the ground station antennas, as well as the entire receiver instrument system, was mounted on the Institute of Space Sciences roof, from where there was access to multiple targets such as buildings, cars, trees, etc. The potential of digital satellite television signals and the configuration of passive bistatic radar has been studied, emphasizing in our radar system. The existing receiver instrument, called BIBA-SPIR (Bi-Band Software PARIS Interferometric Receiver), developed by the Earth Observation research group of the Institute of Space Sciences, has been used to record and sample direct and reflected signals of digital satellite television. Having a receiver antenna for each link, the UP antenna will receive the direct signal from the satellite and the DW antenna will receive the reflected signal. The central part of the project is based on the off-line software processing of signals received, using an open source library called \texttt{wavpy} in C++/Fortran90 and designed for the analysis and modeling of GNSS- R. Processing techniques such as DC calibration, filtering and cross correlations are applied to obtain result graphs such as clusters and Delay-Doppler maps. The main contribution during this project was based on creating the necessary code in order to create and define digital filters and to filter the received signals sampled by the BIBA-SPIR instrument. This code has been included in the aforementioned library. Also, a graphical user interface in Python has been created to provide the input and output parameters necessary for the correct operation of the main programs used to perform signal processing via software. The experimental results obtained support the validation of passive biestatic radar using digital satellite television signals to detect different targets and measure range and Doppler frequency.
A Hybrid Page Ranking Algorithm for Organic Search Results

: Page Ranking techniques are in use by search engines to rank the web pages in order of their importance and relevance to user query. Many algorithms for page ranking either focus on link-structure of the page or similarity of the page with the given query to calculate Page Rank values of the pages. These conventional algorithms never consider user interaction time while page ranking. Generally, Users only look at the first page of the SERP. They do not go beyond the first page. By considering these factors along with the existing page ranking algorithms, a new hybrid page rank algorithm is proposed. This work combines, Content Similarity with synonym based approach, Link Structure and user interaction time (number of clicks and time spent on web page) of the page, to calculate page ranking of the page. Using proposed work, user can get the most relevant web pages in the top of the result, without going deeper into the organic search engine results and this work will improve the order of the URL listed by the search engine.
Ownership structure changes, reforms and corporate restructuring: Evidence from Japan

This study explores the implications of control transfer and ownership structure on firm value and restructuring activities in Japan. We find that conventional banks and business group affiliations negatively impact firm value and organizational restructuring, but foreign and private individual shareholding have a positive impact on firm performance and its ability to restructure internally. Furthermore, the transfer of ownership control to market-oriented investors consistently results in greater firm value and restructuring activities that enhance economic efficiency of listed companies in Japan.
Knowledge exchange under asymmetric information in emerging economies: impact of signals from Indian universities

This paper explores the key drivers of knowledge exchange between universities in India and potential users of their research. Institutional weaknesses result in information asymmetries between the two sides, in the form of adverse selection and moral hazard problems. We identify specific organizational characteristics, which may ameliorate this asymmetry by acting as ? signals? of quality and intention, in the absence of more direct mechanisms common in developed countries. We examine the direct and indirect role of university specific signals on this relationship between basic and applied research outputs and knowledge exchange performance. We find that basic research output and the strength of signaling from a university are positively associated with its knowledge exchange performance, but the marginal impact of signaling is far higher than research output itself. Each signal directly impacts a single channel of knowledge exchange only, and this depends on the specific signal being considered. Signal strength negatively moderates the research-knowledge exchange link, implying that a strong signal strength is associated with a weak research knowledge exchange link, and vice versa.
Numerical solution to first boundary-value problem for axially symmetric Poisson equations using finite element method

Unlike common approaches this paper does not rely on results for 3D problems. Degeneration of the operator on a part of the border requires the use of the corresponding weight functional spaces to analyze a variational statement to build a difference scheme and to prove the convergence. A result of convergence is proven using piecewise linear finite elements. The estimate of the convergence rate of the approximate solution to the exact one is not worse than in the case of non-degenerate equation. A numerical example that confirms the estimate is given.
Modelling LKR / USD Exchange Rate Volatility : GARCH Approach

Exchange Rate Volatility is a most prominent term in the financial econometrics. This Study aimed to estimate the changes in volatility of exchange rates focused on LKR/USD for the period of January 2000 to August 2018. Exchange rate return series were tested incorporating GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) family models with daily basis data. All the models are investigated using three different distributional approaches, Student t, Normal(Gaussian) and Generalized Error Distribution focusing on Mean variance and the conditional variance with the AR(2) effect. In-sample data were tested using forecast estimates of MASE, MAE and MAPE. Under the assumption generalized error distribution, best fitted model of measuring the LKR/USD daily exchange rate volatility is the AR(2)-GARCH(1,1) model. Final model is statistically significant at 5% confidence level and the residuals are deviate from the normality. This study reveals that the LKR/USD exchange rate returns are responding faster with the global Market fluctuations.
1 The SP 19 Chronology for the South Pole Ice Core-Part 1 : 1 Volcanic matching and annual-layer counting 2 3

Dominic A. Winski, Tyler J. Fudge, David G. Ferris, Erich C. Osterberg, John M. 4 Fegyveresi, Jihong Cole-Dai, Zayta Thundercloud, Thomas S. Cox, Karl J. Kreutz, 5 Nikolas Ortman, Christo Buizert, Jenna Epifanio, Edward J. Brook, Ross Beaudette, 6 Jeff Severinghaus, Todd Sowers, Eric J. Steig, Emma C. Kahle, Tyler R. Jones, 7 Valerie Morris, Murat Aydin, Melinda R. Nicewonger, Kimberly A. Casey, 8 Richard B. Alley, Edwin D. Waddington, Nels A. Iverson, Ryan C. Bay, Joseph M. 9 Souney 10
Determining the Relation between Groundwater Flow Velocities and Measured Temperature Differences Using Active Heating-Distributed Temperature Sensing

Active Heating-Distributed Temperature Sensing (AH-DTS) has the potential to allow for the measurement of groundwater flow velocities in situ. We placed DTS fiber-optic cables combined with a heating wire in direct contact with aquifer sediments in a laboratory scale groundwater flow simulator. Using this setup, we empirically determined the relationship between ΔT, the temperature difference by constant and uniform heating of the DTS cable and the background temperature of the groundwater system, and horizontal groundwater flow velocity. Second, we simulated the observed temperature response of the system using a plan-view heat transfer flow model to calibrate for the thermal properties of the sediment and to optimize cable setup for sensitivity to variation in groundwater flow velocities. Additionally, we derived an analytical solution based on the heat flow equation that can be used to explicitly calculate flow velocity from measured ΔT for this specific AH-DTS cable setup. We expect that this equation, after calibration for cable constitution, is valid for estimating groundwater flow velocity based on absolute temperature differences measured in field applications using this cable setup.
Porting Multilingual Morphological Resources to OntoLex-Lemon

We describe work consisting in porting various morphological resources to the OntoLex-Lemon model. A main objective of this work is to offer a uniform representation of different morphological data sets in order to be able to compare and interlink multilingual resources and to cross-check and interlink or merge the content of morphological resources of one and the same language. The results of our work will be published on the Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud.
Dynamic relief mapping 1

The best texture mapping techniques that focus on the microrelief effect use iterative algorithms. The number of iterations must be determined in advance, but for real-time rendering, the number of iterations must be chosen dynamically to take into account the change of the depth scale and the viewing angle (viewing direction). In this paper, we presented a real-time rendering technique that allows a combined synchronization between depth scaling, viewing angle and number of iterations.
Calcium Chloride Alleviates Water Stress in Sunflower Plants Through Modifying Some Physio-Biochemical Parameters

Field experiments were carried out during two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 to investigate the effect of CaCl as foliar application at 0, 5 and 10 mM on sunflower plants under two different irrigation 2 levels: 55-65 and 25-35% of the field capacity (FC). In general, reducing the irrigation level widely caused multi physio-biochemical changes which reflected negatively on the growth and yield of the produced seeds and ultimately on oil percentage. Physio-biochemical parameters were investigated in term of leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, Chl a/b, carotenoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids/Chl a+b and anthocyanins/ Chl a+b), leaf minerals (N, P, K and Ca), organic osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars) and phenolic related enzymes: phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD). Furthermore, the regression relationships between RWC and osmolytes (proline, sugars, K and Ca) or antioxidants (carotenoids, anthocyanins, PAL and POD) were studied. Correlation coefficient between osmolytes and antioxidants were also investigated. The results indicated that the foliar treatments of CaCl achieved progressive increases in 2 the previous traits compared to the untreated plants under the same level of irrigation. In this respect, the highest significant (P 0.05) increases were mostly obtained by the treatment of CaCl at 10 mM. Leaf RWC was 2 correlated either in directly proportional to K, Ca and carotenoids or inversely proportional to proline, sugars, anthocyanins, PAL and POD. Moreover, many close linkages between the investigated osmolytes and antioxidants had been observed under water deficit.
HDAC inhibition Protects Cardiomyocytes by Modulating Expression of Opioid Receptor and Inducing Pro-survival Autophagy by Inhibiting Class I HDACs during Cardiac Ischemia / Reperfusion

7 List of Figures . 9 List of Tables . 10 List of Abbreviations and Synonyms . 10 Chapter I . 12 Introduction and Background . 12 Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) . 13 Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury . 14 Acute Ischemia . 16 I/R injury preconditioning . 17 Pharmacological conditioning . 18 Opiate receptor in I/R injury preconditioning . 19 Myocardial opioid expression . 21 Functions of Opioid Receptors . 22 Opioid receptors cardioprotective action signal mechanism . 24 Opiate Receptor in Diabetes Mellitus. 26 Histone Deacetylase Inhibition in I/R Injury . 27 Autophagy and Molecular Mechanism . 32 The Importance Role of Autophagy . 35 Autophagy and Cardioprotection . 36 Major Deficiencies in Our Present Knowledge and Hypotheses . 36 Chapter II . 38 Experimental procedures . 38 Human immortalized ventricular myocytes Cell culture (AC16) . 38 Primary culture of Neonatal rat Ventricular myocytes (NRVM). 38 Simulated I/R in Cultured Cells . 38 siRNA knockdown in tissue culture . 38 Western blot analysis . 39 RNA isolation . 39
A Review of the Effectiveness of e-learning on Knowledge and Skill Acquisition in Medical Education

A literature review study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of e-learning to train or educate either physicians or medical students on a new skill or knowledge in a healthcare setting. Sixteen relevant research articles were identified and retrieved through different databases and were later analyzed. It was found that e-learning was employed to teach various healthcare topics, however, palliative care and infection control topics were most popular. e-learning was mostly employed to improve learners’ knowledge on a particular topic. The effectiveness of elearning to improve knowledge and skills acquisition varied, however, it was found to be at least as effective as traditional instructional method. Hence, the effects of e-learning to improve knowledge or skills acquisition may be contingent to the setting, subject matter, and the delivery method. Therefore, before blindly employing e-learning to medical education, it is imperative to assess its effectiveness to teach the specific knowledge or skill.
Taxing Atrocities Saving Lives in Civil Wars

The Syrian civil war has lasted over five years and has resulted in the deaths of over 400,000 civilians. The relatively restrained policy of the US toward Syria has sometimes been criticized as inadequate. Would a limited intervention motivated by humanitarian concerns have reduced the death toll at an acceptable cost? Limited intervention would affect the conflict primarily by strengthening the rebel side and raising the cost to the regime of attacking civilians. I show using a game theoretic model that fostering a balance of power between the government and the rebels would only lead the government to commit more atrocities and prolong the war. Raising the cost to the government of committing atrocities, however, could be beneficial under certain conditions. I then discuss four policy options considered during the Obama administration and assess their likely effects.
L O ] 1 0 A pr 2 01 9 ON WHITNEY EMBEDDING OF O-MINIMAL MANIFOLDS

We prove a definable version of the Whitney embedding theorem for abstract-definable C manifolds with 1 ≤ p < ∞, namely: every abstract-definable C manifold is abstract-definable C embedded into R , for some positive integer N . As a consequence, we show that every abstract-definable C manifold has a compatible C atlas.
Estimation of inbreeding effect on conception in Czech Holstein

The influence of calculated inbreeding coefficients on the conception of heifers and cows was analysed by a two-trait binary model for conceived/not conceived after each insemination on 677 234 Czech Holstein cows and heifers with 3 248 299 insemination records as the covariable in a statistical model. The data between 1996 and 2014 were analysed. Various effects and their statistical influence on traits were tested by a generalized linear model. Consequently, genetic parameters were estimated by the Gibbs sampling method and used in predicting breeding values using the best linear unbiased prediction by animal model (BLUP-AM). The mean for the conception rate of cows averaged over lactations was 33.7% and for heifers it reached 53.8%. Average inbreeding coefficient increased from 1% in 1996 to almost 5% by 2013 and was in the range of 0–45%. The rate of inbreeding per generation was 0.20%. Although the effect of inbreeding was statistically significant (P = 0.05) for both traits, the proportion of variability explained by the models was relatively low. Estimated genetic parameters were low for both traits. Coefficient of heritability was 2.00% and 1.30% for cows and heifers, respectively, whereas coefficients of repeatability reached 6.09% and 7.08% for cows and heifers, respectively. The random effect of the permanent environment (PE) reached higher values than the additive genetic variance (G) and explained 5.67% and 4.09% of variability for cows and heifers, respectively. A negative impact of inbreeding on heifer and cow conception was observed, whereby every 10% increase in inbreeding coefficient resulted in a conception decline by 2.23%. Calculated Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between estimated breeding values considering and not considering the effect of inbreeding was close to one. Presented results indicate that inbreeding has a negligible influence on the breeding values of conception. The results also indicate that it is not necessary to include inbreeding coefficient in the routine breeding value evaluation of conception rate of heifers and cows. On the other hand, monitoring of inbreeding is necessary to avoid an increase of its rate.