Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of amorphous silicon thin film transistors and circuits

i Hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs) have been widely used for the active-matrix addressing of flat panel displays, optical scanners and sensors. Extending the application of the a-Si TFTs from switches to current sources, which requires continuous operation such as for active-matrix organic light-emitting-diode (AMOLED) pixels, makes stability a critical issue. This thesis first presents a two-stage model for the stability characterization and reliable lifetime prediction for highly stable a-Si TFTs under low gate-field stress. Two stages of the threshold voltage shift are identified from the decrease of the drain saturation current under low-gate field. The first initial stage dominates up to hours or days near room temperature. It can be characterized with a stretched-exponential model, with the underlying physical mechanism of charge trapping in the gate dielectric. The second stage dominates in the long term and then saturates. It corresponds to the breaking of weak bonds in the amorphous silicon. It can be modeled with a “unified stretched exponential fit,” in which a thermalization energy is used to unify experimental measurements of drain current decay at different temperatures into a single curve. Two groups of experiments were conducted to reduce the drain current instability of a-Si TFTs under prolonged gate bias. Deposition conditions for the silicon nitride (SiNx) gate insulator and the a-Si channel layer were varied, and TFTs were fabricated with all reactive ion etching steps, or with all wet etching steps, the latter in a new process. The two-stage model that unites charge trapping in the SiNx gate dielectric and defect generation in the a-Si channel was used to interpret the experimental results. We identified the optimal substrate temperature, gas flow ratios, and RF deposition power densities. The stability of the a-Si channel depends also on the deposition conditions for the underlying SiNx gate insulator. TFTs made with wet etching are more stable than TFTs made with reactive ion etching. Combining the various improvements raised the extrapolated 50% decay time of the drain current of back channel passivated dry-etched TFTs under continuous operation at 20°C from 3.3 × 10 4 sec (9.2 hours) to 4.4 × 10 7 sec (1.4 years). The 50% lifetime can be further improved by ~2 times through wet etching process. Two assumptions in the two-stage model were revisited. First, the distribution of the gap state density in a-Si was obtained with the field-effect technique. The redistribution of the gap state density after low-gate field stress supports the idea that defect creation in a-Si dominates in the stract
large synthetic data sets to compare different data mining methods

Data Mining methods are used for knowledge discovery in data. Each Data Mining method has it’s own advantages and disadvantages. One approach to evaluate the performance of data mining methods is to use synthetic data with certain characteristics. In this paper we outline the main features of two common data mining methods, Support Vector Machines and Random Forests and construct suitable datasets, to evaluate both methods. We first explain the theory behind each method. Then we describe the artificial data sets we have created. Finally, we compare the methods in their ability to classify the constructed datasets.
Active Rehabilitation Exercises With a Parallel Structure Ankle Rehabilitation Prototype

In this paper the implementation of impedance controllers to develop active rehabilitation exercises are presented. For which it is used a parallel structure ankle rehabilitation prototype with a mechanism of the type 2-RRSP (two closed kinematic chains and consisting of joints: revolute-revolute-sphere in slot- fixed post with sphere). Free software is used to develop the computer programs associated with rehabilitation exercises. The results of active rehabilitation exercises are reported, wich involves the effect of resistance from the rehabilitation prototype to the user operation: low, medium and high opposition effects are considered.
The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: "the nodal zone".

The paper by Rusch et al. 1 represents a Herculean effort by the staging committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) to determine whether the current nodal descriptors for non-small cell lung cancer2 should be maintained or revised. A retrospective international lung cancer database was developed with staging and outcome data on 100,869 lung cancer cases managed between 1990 and 2000. From this, 67,725 met initial screening, 38,265 were clinically without metastases, and 28,371 had pathological staging (defined at thoracotomy). Further survival analyses in relation to pN1 and pN2 subsets could be performed on only 2876 patients. The authors analyzed survival by anatomic location (or “zone”) of involved nodes (Table 2b), presence of skip metastases (Table 2c), and number of involved nodal stations (Table 2a and Figure 5). “Zone analysis” was done after analyses by station failed to identify significant differences. Zones were defined as peripheral (levels 12‐14), hilar (levels 10 and 11), upper (levels 1‐4), aortopulmonary window (levels 5 and 6), subcarinal (level 7), or lower (levels 8 and 9). Although significant differences were not seen, right-sided tumors with single-zone N1 had median survival rates of 56 to 63 months versus 34 to 37 months for single-zone N2. Left-sided tumors with single-zone peripheral involvement had a median survival of 52 months versus 40 months for hilar and 39 to 44 months for mediastinal. Patients with left upper-lobe tumors and skip metastases (N2 involvement in the absence of N1) had improved survival (44 versus 24 months), whereas this difference was not significant for right upper-lobe primaries (37 versus 28 months). Improved survival for left upper-lobe/aortopulmonary window disease confirms previous reports and supports surgical therapy for these “better” N2 patients. Sentinel node mapping may play a role in the identification and further evaluation of “skip” metastases. Survival analysis by number of involved lymph node zones was significant, with three separate prognostic groups emerging: patients with single-zone N1 disease, multiplezone N1 or single-zone N2, and multiple-zone N2 (Figure 5). It is unfortunate that only 1992 cases had sufficient data for this analysis and that further exploration of these prognostic nodal groups in conjunction with T stage could not be performed. Anatomic location by zone did affect survival, with single-zone N2 faring worse than single-zone N1, although the authors did not conclude this. Increasingly smaller T1N0M0 lung cancers are being identified by computed
Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of an X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase gene from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 763

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 763 (also designated ML3) possesses an X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (X-PDAP; EC 3.4.14.5). X-PDAP mutants were selected by an enzymatic plate assay on the basis of their inability to hydrolyze an L-phenylalanyl-L-proline-beta-naphthylamide substrate. A DNA bank from L. lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 763 was constructed in one of these X-PDAP mutants, and one clone in which the original X-PDAP phenotype was restored was detected by the enzymatic plate assay. The X-PDAP gene, designated pepXP, was further subcloned and sequenced. It codes for a protein containing 763 residues. Comparison of the amino-terminal sequence of the X-PDAP enzyme with the amino acid sequence deduced from the pepXP gene indicated that the enzyme is not subjected to posttranslational modification or exported via processing of a signal peptide. The pepXP gene from L. lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 763 in more than 99% homologous to the pepXP gene from L. lactis subsp. cremoris P8-2-47 described elsewhere (B. Mayo, J. Kok, K. Venema, W. Bockelmann, M. Teuber, H. Reinke, and G. Venema, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:38-44, 1991) and is also conserved in other lactococcal strains.
Secondary postpartum hemorrhage: treatment with selective arterial embolization.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective arterial embolization of the uterine arteries in the management of intractable delayed postpartum hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen consecutive women with secondary postpartum hemorrhage were treated with selective embolization of the uterine arteries. In all cases, hemostatic embolization was performed because of intractable hemorrhage that could not be controlled with the administration of uterotonic drugs or with uterine curettage. RESULTS The causes of bleeding included genital tract tears in four women and endometritis in eight women; the endometritis was associated with proved, retained portions of placenta in four women. In two women, no evident cause of bleeding was found before angiography. Angiography revealed extravasation in three women. A false aneurysm of the uterine artery was found in two women. In one patient, an arteriovenous fistula was observed. Immediate resolution of external bleeding was observed in all women. No complication related to embolization was found. Normal menstruation resumed in all women. CONCLUSION Selective arterial embolization of the uterine arteries is a safe and effective means of controlling secondary postpartum hemorrhage.
The contextual effect of the local food environment on residents' diets: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

OBJECTIVES We studied the association between the local food environment and residents' report of recommended dietary intake. METHODS Recommended intakes of foods and nutrients for 10 623 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants were estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Supermarkets, grocery stores, and full-service and fast-food restaurants were geocoded to census tracts. RESULTS Black Americans' fruit and vegetable intake increased by 32% for each additional supermarket in the census tract (relative risk [RR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.60). White Americans' fruit and vegetable intake increased by 11% with the presence of 1 or more supermarket (RR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.93, 1.32). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the local food environment is associated with residents' recommended diets.
LACTATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT LIVER

Some years ago, we began to study the phenomena of regulation and coordination of liver metabolism. In this connection, lactate is an important factor. We selected for our investigations the method of isolated perfused organs, the same technique with which more than 50 years ago Embden proved the conversion of glucose to lactate in mammalian livers. ’ Today, many investigators use this method because it combines in many respects the advantages of in uiuo and in uitro experiments. The structure and the cell organization can be preserved as in uiuo; the transport of metabolites takes place in a natural way. Nevertheless, we have the advantages of in uitro methods in studying metabolic functions of only one organ without interference or any cross regulation by hormones or substrates from other organs. Provided that the isolated organ remains in a good functional state, we can expect to measure its metabolism adjusted in uiuo by the hormonal state of the animal. This metabolism dhould be limited only by enzyme activities, concentration of coenzymes, and substrates in the isolated organ. Under these assumptions we presume further that differences in the metabolism between measurements in viuo and in uitro are not caused by damage to the organ. On the contrary, they may indicate metabolic steps in which regulation takes place by hormones, substrate concentration, or perhaps by the nervous system. The perfusion technique is certainly well known, especially through the papers by Leon L. Miller. * In contrast to other investigators, we do not use pooled rat blood as perfusion medium. To obtain constant experimental conditions, we prefer a semisynthetic medium.3 Washed red cells are suspended in a saline solution which contains pure albumin.
Sarcomas and multiple polyposis in a kindred. A genetic variety of hereditary polyposis?

A family is presented in which the father and one of his children died, respectively, of pulmonary osteosarcoma and retroperitoneal liposarcoma; another child died of carcinoma of the colon with multiple polyposis; and a third has both a reticulum cell sarcoma and colonic polyps. The familial association of polyposis coli with extra-alimentary sarcomas has not previously been reported, and may be a variant of Gardner's syndrome (multiple polyposis with benign mesenchymal tumors). As in Gardner's syndrome, the familial pattern was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance of a single mutant, highly penetrant, pleiotrophic gene. Phenotypic differences from Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis suggest either that there was a separate gene or that the gene for one of these syndromes was expressed differently by modifiers segregating in this family. The development of fatal metastatic carcinoma of the colon in an 11-year-old boy appears to be the earliest recorded instance of this lesion
Comprehensive MR imaging protocol for stroke management: tissue sodium concentration as a measure of tissue viability in nonhuman primate studies and in clinical studies.

PURPOSE To investigate sodium magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for monitoring tissue viability in stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive MR imaging protocol used to measure apparent diffusion coefficient and perfusion parameters was extended to include sodium imaging. Tissue sodium concentration was estimated by using a two-compartment model. This protocol lasted less than 45 minutes. These parameters were followed over the first 6 hours in a nonhuman primate model (n = 2) of acute embolic stroke without or with thrombolytic therapy. This protocol was used in patients in whom acute (< 24 hours, n = 11) or nonacute (> or = 24 hours, n = 31) stroke was ultimately confirmed. RESULTS The animal model showed abnormal diffusion and perfusion parameters in the lesion immediately after embolization, and these remained abnormal for over 6 hours. Tissue sodium concentration increased with time (5.7 mmol/L/h) unless halted with thrombolytic therapy. Regions with sodium concentrations over 70 mmol/L were histochemically verified as being infarcted. In patients in whom stroke older than 6 hours was clinically confirmed, sodium concentrations over 70 mmol/L were found in the appropriate brain regions. CONCLUSION Tissue sodium concentration provides a sensitive measure of tissue viability that is complementary to the diagnostic role of diffusion and perfusion imaging for ischemic insult.
Teoría de la Mente en los subtipos del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad

THEORY OF MIND IN SUBTYPES OF ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER INTRODUCTION: ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. (ADHD) is the most common childhood neurodevelopment disease, with an estimated prevalence of between 3 and 8%. Its most evident consequences are its effects on cognitive, family and social function. In the past few years, increasing importance has been placed on the relationship between Theory of Mind and this social behaviour. Objective: To study the differences in the development of Theory of Mind in two subtypes of ADHD the combined subtype and the inattentive subtype and the role played by impulsivity in these differences. The Happé’s Strange Stories and Faux Pas tests were used to measure Theory of Mind. Results: The combined subtype was found to have the highest levels of impulsivity and had poorer performance in theory of mind tests. Conclusions: Compared to people with the inattentive subtype or healthy controls, those with the combined subtype have a reduced capacity to theorise about the minds of others, which may be due to an increased difficulty in inhibitory control. This may be relevant for future interventions in the social functioning of people with ADHD.
Modeling of chemical reaction kinetics using Hypergraph tools

Hyperghraph as graphical model is investigated to represent a chemical reaction kinetics in chemical engineering. Therefore, directed Hypergraph model is deduced from material and energy balances where vertices represent space variable, input and output variables and hyperedges are the relationship between them. This model is able to rewrite the kinetic rate using power conjugate variables (chemical affinity, rate). Based on causal and structural proprieties of graphical tools a Bond Graph-Hypergraph analog is developed. An example of a reaction with a second order is chosen to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed modeling method.
Implementing and testing the AM05 spin density functional

We show that the spin density generalization of the AM05 density functional [R. Armiento and A. E. Mattsson, Phys. Rev. B 72, 085108 (2005)] predicts the correct ground spin state for iron, a system known to be heavily dependent on proper spin treatment. Using the fundamental assumptions in the subsystem functional scheme, we resolve an ambiguity in how to treat the separate spin densities in AM05 but also show that the other less preferred treatments give no significantly different numerical outcome of the iron body-centered-cubic and face-centered-cubic test cases. Details and formulas are given to aid in the implementation of functionals in general, and the spin-resolved AM05 exchange-correlation potentials in particular, into different types of computer codes.
Requirements for the industrial application of superconducting rotating electrical machines

The objective of the project reported in the paper is the design and construction of an experimental high Tc (HTS) synchronous machine. The machine is excited with rare-earth permanent magnets on the rotor and rod-shaped armature conductors on the stator. The machine incorporates Bi-based HTS conductors supplied with electrical contacts. In the design procedure special attention has been paid to the considerations regarding industrial applications of HTS rotating electrical machines both in motor and generator modes of operation. Possible applications have been analyzed to formulate the requirements for the machine to be applied and calculations have been performed to check how the above requirements can be met by HTS machines. Comparisons have been made between conventional and HTS machines designed for particular practical cases.
Eye Movement during Facial Affect Recognition by Patients with Schizophrenia, Using Japanese Pictures of Facial Affect

A possible relationship between recognition of facial affect and aberrant eye movement was examined in patients with schizophrenia. A Japanese version of standard pictures of facial affect was prepared. These pictures of basic emotions (surprise, anger, happiness, disgust, fear, sadness) were shown to 19 schizophrenic patients and 20 healthy controls who identified emotions while their eye movements were measured. The proportion of correct identifications of ‘disgust’ was significantly lower for schizophrenic patients, their eye fixation time was significantly longer for all pictures of facial affect, and their eye movement speed was slower for some facial affects (surprise, fear, and sadness). One index, eye fixation time for “happiness,” showed a significant difference between the high- and low-dosage antipsychotic drug groups. Some expected facial affect recognition disorder was seen in schizophrenic patients responding to the Japanese version of affect pictures, but there was no correlation between facial affect recognition disorder and aberrant eye movement.
Root-to-Shoot Transport of Sulfate in Arabidopsis. Evidence for the Role of SULTR3;5 as a Component of Low-Affinity Sulfate Transport System in the Root Vasculature1

Xylem transport of sulfate regulates distribution of sulfur in vascular plants. Here, we describe SULTR3;5 as an essential component of the sulfate transport system that facilitates the root-to-shoot transport of sulfate in the vasculature. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SULTR3;5 was colocalized with the SULTR2;1 low-affinity sulfate transporter in xylem parenchyma and pericycle cells in roots. In a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression system, sulfate uptake was hardly detectable with SULTR3;5 expression alone; however, cells coexpressing both SULTR3;5 and SULTR2;1 showed substantial uptake activity that was considerably higher than with SULTR2;1 expression alone. The Vmax value of sulfate uptake activity with SULTR3;5-SULTR2;1 coexpression was approximately 3 times higher than with SULTR2;1 alone. In Arabidopsis, the root-to-shoot transport of sulfate was restricted in the sultr3;5 mutants, under conditions of high SULTR2;1 expression in the roots after sulfur limitation. These results suggested that SULTR3;5 is constitutively expressed in the root vasculature, but its function to reinforce the capacity of the SULTR2;1 low-affinity transporter is only essential when SULTR2;1 mRNA is induced by sulfur limitation. Consequently, coexpression of SULTR3;5 and SULTR2;1 provides maximum capacity of sulfate transport activity, which facilitates retrieval of apoplastic sulfate to the xylem parenchyma cells in the vasculature of Arabidopsis roots and may contribute to the root-to-shoot transport of sulfate.
Acute loss of lung function without wheezing during bee venom immunotherapy

may, Vienna, Austria) were found by ELISA. Avoidance of hemp allowed suppression of psocids. Complete recovery was obtained, pulmonary functional tests normalized, treatments were stopped. No recurrence occurred after 6 years. Psocids (booklice) are small insects found on bark, leaves or in caves. A few species, mainly Liposcelis bostrychophila, live in building materials or stored food stocks (1). Psocids can parasitize organic materials such straw, hemp and hessian in emerging countries, entomologic collections or stuffed animals, and represent potential professionnal allergens. Psocids infest 25% of indian dwellings (2), but were not described as indoor allergens of occidental houses until recently. Some recent unpublished reports described psocid detection in 90% of german or japanese houses (Franz JTh, Masuch G, Bergmann KCh, Müsken H, ERS 2001, Fukutomi Y, Kawakami Y, Taniguci M, Saito A, Fukuda A, Yasueda H, Nakazawa T, Hasegawa M, Nakamura H, Akiyama K, EAACI 2010), especially in large and recent houses (3). In our case, psocid proliferation was probably related to an inappropriate use of hemp, directly layed in bulk. The role of psocids in allergic diseases was suggested in a few studies (2, 4) and unpublished reports (Fukutomi et al., EAACI 2010, Müsken H, Franz JTh, Fernadez-Caldas E, Maranon F, Masuch G, Bergmann KC, AAAAI 1998). A cutaneous sensitization was described in 7–20% of atopic patients by SPT (2, 4) and 42% of asthmatic patients by intradermal test (Fukutomi et al.). Specific IgE to Liposcelis sp. were found in 18–30% of patients with rhinitis or asthma (Fukutomi et al., Müsken et al.). However, the role of psocids in asthma was not proved. For the first time, we described both cutaneous and biological sensitization to a psocid extract and favorable outcome after eviction from the allergen, prooving the role of psocids in the symptoms. Cosensitizations with Liposcelis sp. were described (2) with Dermatophagoides farinae (62.5%) or cockroach (38.5%), potentially involving tropomyosin. Of notes, we did not find any cosensitization nor specific IgE to tropomyosin. Immunoblots of Liposcelis sp. extract in different studies found several protein bands between 27 and 67 kDa (2, 4). A 30 kDa protein was suggested as a potential major allergen (4), which may be involved in our case. We report herein the first documented case of non occupational allergic asthma to Liposcelis sp, illustrating its role as independent indoor respiratory allergen. Use of new ecological building materials could favour development of new indoor allergenic sources.