Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FOOD INTAKE STUDIES IN PARABIOTIC RATS *

The physiological regulation of food intake may be viewed as a multi-dimensional problem. The dimensionality becomes apparent when one considers that the role played by this regulatory process is to provide an approximate balance between the food intake and nutrient need. This functional relationship holds through the mammalian life cycle and varies as a function of growth, maturation, aging, gestation, lactation, activity, and environmental factors. The inherent complexity of the phenomenon raises the question of how to identify the basic properties of such a system. No one experimental approach or conceptual framework currently in use can do more than contribute a small fraction of the total functional structure. The studies described in this paper were initiated to examine the relationship between humoral factors involved in food intake regulation and the central neural integrating mechanisms. The experimental procedures developed for this work involve the use of parabiotic rats selected from a large standardized population of these animals. The investigations themselves were conducted ( 1 ) to evaluate the effect of differential time feeding on parabiotic rats; (2) to determine the rate at which glucose crosses from one to the other, and ( 3 ) to examine the effects of hypothalamic lesions in one animal on the food intake of its partner. Current concepts of the control of appetite and satiety include both neural and humoral factors. It was first reported in 1943 by Brobeck et a/. ’ that bilateral lesions of the medial nuclei of the hypothalamus will result in hyperphagia and subsequent obesity. Anand and Brobeck2 observed that lesions lateral to the hypothalamic satiety areas would produce an aphagic animal. Subsequent investig a t o r ~ ~ have concluded that the hyperphagia is the product of depressed satiety rather than increased appetite. Kennedy4 found that hyperphagia became less pronounced when rats became obese and that food consumption eventually approached normal levels. He suggested that other signals become regulatory and limit food intake of these animals. Peripheral metabolic states may be correlated with the onset of hunger and the appearance of satiety. Mayer5 proposes “that the influence of the metabolic state on feeding behavior and its role in regulating food intake were mediated through the rate of passage of glucose into the cells of the ventral medial hypothalamic areas. ” The rate of glucose entering the cells may be correlated with the peripheral utilization of glucose. According to Mayer, a small difference between capillary and venous glucose levels indicates hunger, whereas large capillary venous differences signify fullness (satiety). In addition, the administration of gold thioglucose will produce hyperphagic animals and in these animals lesions
The digitization of working life: Challenges and opportunities

In recent years, the role of technology in working life has increased. Technology and digitalization play a crucial role in the developmentof the organizations and the entire societies. The ascendance of digital organizations has also become a widely researched topic, the digital workplace environmentbeing an important organizational asset for increasing employee productivity (Köffer, 2015). Digitalization creates changes in the world of work, impacting not only business performance and worker productivity, but also job satisfaction, work/life balance, worker autonomy and monitoring across hierarchical levels. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in particular are essential components of working andimportant working tools (Korunka&Vartiainen, 2017).
Differences in Emotional Responses to Race-Based Trauma among Black and White Americans

ABSTRACT Scholars have identified race-based stress as a unique form of stress and have examined associated mental and physical health outcomes, yet less is known about the emotional responses and accompanying symptoms associated with negative race-based events and how these experiences differ by racial group membership, stress level, and/or race-based event type. This paper explores and compares the differences in emotional and race-based stress symptom reactions to negative racial encounters among 175 Black and White participants. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed different patterns of emotional and race-based stress symptom reactions to racial encounters among Black and White participants. At high levels of stress, Black and White participants experienced markedly different patterns of race-based stress symptoms: White participants primarily exhibited symptoms of intrusion, while Black participants experienced a variety of symptoms including depression, intrusion, anger, hypervigilance, and physical symptoms. Practice and research implications are addressed.
The production of Mandarin tones by early-implanted children with cochlear implants: effects from the length of implantation

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) learning tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese face challenges in acquiring tones due to the limitation of devices in coding pitch information. Mandarin has four lexical tones and a neutral tone. A recent study [7] showed that Mandarin-learning preschoolers who were early-implanted (implanted between 1-2 years) were able to produce acoustically target-like tones but with a large amount of variability. This variability might be driven by the small sample size (only seven children were tested in that study) and the differences in length of CI experience. Therefore, the current study tested more early-implanted children and explored the effect of CI experience on their tonal acquisition. Forty-four 3-year-old normal-hearing (NH) controls and 28 early-implanted children (implanted between 1-2 years) with 1-6 years of CI experience were tested. Lexical tone and neutral tone productions were elicited and acoustically compared across groups. The results showed that children with more than 3 years of CI experience had typical tonal productions, acoustically similar to those of NH children, while those with less experience produced less distinguishable tones. These results provide acoustic evidence showing that the combination of both early implantation and longer CI experience facilitates children’s acquisition of target-like tones.
Effects of anesthetic agents on the adrenocortical system of female baboons

Invasive surgical procedures are often used to study the reproductive and adrenocortical endocrine systems in primates. Anesthetic agents must, therefore, be used that have the least confounding effects on these systems. The present study was designed to characterize various adrenocortical endocrine responses of female baboons (Papio anubis), each treated for 120 minutes with an infusion of ketamine HCl (6 mg/min) in 5% dextrose in water (0.40 ml/min), a combination of ketamine and acetylpromazine (0.6 mg acetylpromazine and 6 mg ketamine HCl/min) in 5% dextrose in water, or inhalation of vaporized halothane (1.0% halothane, N2O 25%, 1 liter/min; O2 75%, 3 liters/min). Blood samples were collected throughout the treatment period, and serum was assayed for prolactin (PRL), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), and cortisol (F). No significant elevations in DHA, F, or PRL concentrations were found following infusion of ketamine alone. Only serum DHAS concentrations were significantly altered after long‐term exposure to ketamine. Acetylpromazine increased PRL concentrations tenfold to levels significantly greater than those in ketamine‐ and halothane‐treated animals but had no effect on serum DHA, DHAS, or F. Treatment with halothane had no effect on serum PRL, DHA, or DHAS but did suppress F (>40%) concentrations over time. These data indicate that ketamine is best suited for the collection of biological samples when deep analgesia is not required but that halothane is preferable in the latter situation.
Bacteriological Quality of Meat Sold in Markets and Kiosks before and after Cooking in Bamako

The bacterial loads of meat sold in markets and kiosks in Bamako before and after cooking have been determined. In these meats, total aerobic mesophilic flora, fecal coliforms, sulphate-reducing anaerobic germs, staphylococci and Salmonella were searched and counted. In market, raw meats, concentrations of total aerobic mesophilic flora, fecal coliforms, sulphate-reducing anaerobic germs and staphylococci were above the set limits. In raw meats from markets, the initial average concentrations determined were 21.67. 105CFU/g; 6.30. 102CFU/g; 4.36. 102CFU/g and 3.90. 102CFU/g respectively for total aerobic mesophilic flora, fecal coliforms, staphylococci and sulphate-reducing anaerobic germs. Salmonella was found in 66.67% of raw meat samples. However, after cooking, the average loads of all bacteria were below the limit values. In raw meat samples from kiosks, the average concentrations determined were 2.95. 105CFU/g; 3.45. 102CFU/g; 2.30. 102CFU/g and 4.70. 102CFU/g respectively for total aerobic mesophilic flora, fecal coliforms, staphylococci and sulphate-reducing anaerobic germs. Salmonella was found in 33.33% of these meats samples. After cooking meat from kiosks, the average concentrations were 0.45. 105CFU/g; 0.87. 102CFU/g and 0.83. 102CFU/g respectively for total aerobic mesophilic flora, staphylococci and sulfito-reducing anaerobic germs. Fecal coliforms and Salmonella were not found after cooked meats from the kiosks. The loads of bacteria from the meat samples from the kiosks were greatly reduced by cooking more than those of meat taken at the market level. Cooking reduced microbial loads to acceptable values. The bacterial load of meat from the markets in Bamako is very high, so it is wise and much preferable to buy the meats in safe places such as kiosks and eat them only after a very good cooking in order to guarantee the good health of consumers in Bamako.
Practical design and implementation of an autonomous surface vessel prototype: Navigation and control

As the development of multidisciplinary techniques and ever-growing demands, autonomous system has been widely investigated in a variety of fields. In recent two decades, autonomous surface vessels have gained increasing attention from both industry and research communities, previous related work mainly focuses on the design of maneuver controllers, most algorithms are under some specific assumptions and always involve too many parameters that need to be tuned, leading to the lack of practical application or validation in real autonomous surface vessel platform. To tackle the issues, an integrated autonomous surface vessel prototype is designed and implemented, both navigation and maneuver control subsystems are improved, especially in terms of autonomous control, a simple geometrical model and constrained pure pursuit algorithm is firstly tried in autonomous surface vessel, the results show that the proposed system can achieve the path tracking with the error smaller than 40 cm, and even given a complicated waypoint mission, it can still maintain the accuracy of path tracking, demonstrating the stability and validity of the autonomous surface vessel prototype.
Number of neurons in individual laminae of areas 3B, 4γ, and 6aα of the cat cerebral cortex: A comparison with major visual areas

The number of neurons per mm3 of tissue (number per volume) and the number under 1 mm2 of cortical surface (number per column) have been estimated for each lamina of seven cytoarchitectural areas of the cat cortex by using a method of size frequency distribution. The areas studied consisted of four visual areas (the binocular and monocular portions of area 17: 17B and 17M; area 18; and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area: PMLS), a somatosensory area (3B), and two motor areas (4γ and 6aα).
HB-EGF Activates the EGFR/HIF-1α Pathway to Induce Proliferation of Arsenic-Transformed Cells and Tumor Growth

Arsenic was recently identified as a pollutant that is a major cause of lung cancer. Since heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) was reported to be a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer, we investigated the role and mechanism of HB-EGF during arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer. HB-EGF expression were upregulated in As-T cells, lung cancer cell lines, and in most lung cancer tissue samples; and HB-EGF activated the EGFR/p-ERK/HIF-1α pathway and induced VEGF by regulating HIF-1α transcription. HIF-1α transcriptional stimulation by HB-EGF was facilitated by PKM2 and played an important role in HB-EGF's effect on cells. An HB-EGF inhibitor(CRM197, cross-reacting material 197) slowed cell proliferation and inhibited migration of As-T and A549 cells, and inhibited tumor growth. PKM2 also played an important role in the proliferation and migration in As-T cells. The positive staining ratios of EGFR phosphorylation (Y1068) and PKM2 were significantly higher in most cases of lung cancer than in paired normal tumor-adjacent lung tissues; and HB-EGF expression levels strongly correlated with p-EGFR expression levels. Thus, HB-EGF drives arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and lung cancer development via the EGFR/PKM2/HIF-1α pathway.
Cytotaxonomy of Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes De Mello and Simulium ulyssesi (Py-Daniel & Coscarón) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello, 1967 and Simulium ulyssesi (Py-Daniel & Coscaron, 2001) share larval and pupal microhabitats in Central Amazonia and are morphologically similar, differing only in the number of gill filaments - six in S. ulyssesi and eight in S. goeldii. To test the hypothesis that S. ulyssesi is a valid species, rather than an intraspecific variant of S. goeldii, we compared the polytene chromosomes of the two morphotypes from Presidente Figueiredo, Manaus, and Careiro da Varzea (Amazonas) Counties. Our analyses indicated that the two morphotypes are distinct species, differing by four fixed inversions. Because the number of gill filaments is correlated absolutely with chromosomal banding patterns, it is a useful structural character for differentiating the two species.
Inhibin-α, CD99, HEA125, PLAP, and chromogranin immunoreactivity in testicular neoplasms and the androgen insensitivity syndrome

We investigated 115 testicular and 3 epididymal tumors and 6 cases of the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) for the expression of inhibin-alpha, CD99, HEA125, PLAP, and chromogranin, using monoclonal antibodies and standard immunhistochemical techniques. Ihibin-alpha was detected in the neoplastic cells in 27 of 27 primary Leydig cell tumors (LCTs), 1 of 1 metastatic LCT, 6 of 20 Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs), 4 of 5 juvenile granulosa cell tumors (GCTs), and 2 of 5 unclassified sex cord-stromal tumors (USCSTs). Except for 2 choriocarcinomas, the choriocarcinomatous component of 1 mixed germ cell tumor, and a small focus of inhibin-positive syncytiotrophoblast in 1 embryonal carcinoma, inhibin-a immunoreactivity was not present in the neoplastic cells of the 38 remaining testicular germ cell tumors; 11 B-cell and 1 T-cell lymphomas; 1 granulocytic sarcoma; and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma of the testis; 1 adenoma of the rete testis, and 3 adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis. Inhibin-alpha immunoreactivity was present in the Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in 5 testicular hamartomas and in 1 Sertoli cell adenoma in 6 cases of AIS; both Sertoli and Leydig cells were also positive in the extranodular testicular parenchyma present in 2 of these cases. CD99 was detected in 10 of 15 primary LCTs, 1 of 7 SCTs, 3 of 5 JGCTs, and in 1 of 5 USCSTs but was not found in any tumor outside the sex cord-stromal category. HEA125 immunostaining was not detected in sex cord-stromal tumors; however, 3 of 12 seminomas, 3 of 12 embryonal carcinomas, 6 of 8 yolk sac tumors, and 1 of 2 teratomas were HEA125 positive. PLAP was not detected in sex cord-stromal tumors except for 4 of 15 primary LCTs but was present in most germ cell tumors. Chromogranin immunostaining was present in the sex cord-like element in 1 of 5 USCSTs, 1 of 8 YSTs, 1 of 2 teratomas, and in 1 of 1 rete adenoma, and in normal adjacent rete testis. In conclusion, although inhibin-alpha and PLAP, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, CD99 and HEA125 immunostaining are helpful in the differential diagnosis of certain testicular neoplasms that are difficult to distinguish on morphologic grounds, chromogranin is far less helpful in this context.
Sex differences in infant integration in a semifree‐ranging group of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus, L. 1758) at Salem, Germany

Sixteen multiparous Barbary macaque females with newborns were studied over a 16 month period within the context of their naturally formed group. Analysis of their social behavior revealed 1) triadic interactions involving focal females, their newborns, and other group members occurred mainly with other females; and 2) mothers with female newborns interacted mainly with females of their own matriline, while mothers with male newborns interacted mainly with nonmatriline females. Observed in two successive birth seasons, this pattern indicates that partners of maternal interactions chose each other according to the sex of the newborn.
In Plain Sight: Online TV Interfaces as Branding

Industrial discourses surrounding subscription video on demand (SVOD) services are deeply embedded in the rhetoric of viewer choice and control. However, these discourses are often misleading, with viewers given only nominal amounts of agency in their viewing experience, most often circumscribed by the limited affordances of the service’s interface. This article takes online TV interfaces as its object of study and interrogates to what ends SVODs use them. In particular, it examines how the interface can operate as a part of an SVOD’s larger branding campaign. Using Netflix as a case study, the article argues that the interface is discursively positioned as empowering viewers to easily find what they want to watch, yet the actual operation and affordances of the interface significantly delimit viewer agency. Instead, the interface works to guide viewers to Netflix original content to strengthen the core brand values of abundance, personalization, and exclusivity.
Massive Pulmonary Embolism in a Recent Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Case Report of Inhaled Nitric Oxide to Improve Outcomes

Acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) has a high mortality if left untreated. The mainstay of treatment is systemic thrombolysis which has some absolute contraindications like intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that decreases pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and allows the right ventricle of the heart to pump against less resistance. We present a case of iNO use to improve hemodynamics in a patient with a recent ICH. We believe this to be the first such case reported. A 70-year-old female with a history of PE on Eliquis initially presented for weakness and was found to have right-sided ICH. She was discharged with instructions to hold Eliquis given ICH but was readmitted eight days later in florid cardiogenic shock requiring vasopressors and hypoxic respiratory failure refractory to intubation. CT showed bilateral PE with evidence of right heart strain and IV heparin was started. Due to her history of a recent ICH, she had an absolute contraindication prohibiting the use of systemic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Interventional radiology (IR) consult determined that the patient was not a candidate for catheter-directed tPA due to the recent ICH, mechanical ventilation, and hemodynamic instability based on pressor requirement. Vascular surgery and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) consults deemed the patient not operable. The patient was then started on iNO with immediate improvement in her blood pressure. Once vitally stable, IR consult performed pulmonary angiogram and completed a thrombectomy. The patient was eventually extubated and she restarted her Eliquis. She continues to do well 16 months after discharge. In patients with massive PE with contraindications to systemic thrombolytics, providers are left with very few therapeutic interventions. A handful of case reports show that iNO improves systemic hemodynamics in postoperative patients with massive PE. This case highlights the potential for iNO to be a potential adjuvant in patients with absolute contraindications to systemic thrombolysis.
Effects of temperature and salinity on the larval development of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Decapoda: Grapsidae).

Larvae of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were reared in the laboratory under 25 different combinations of constant temperature (6 to 18 degree C) and salinity (10 to 32 ppt S). Different schedules of changing salinity were tested only in the final larval stage, the megalopa. Pelagic larval development comprises a total of 5 zoeal stages and 1 megalopa. An additional (stage VI) zoea and in one case an additional megalopa (transitional to the juvenile) were occasionally observed under unfavourable conditions with low salinity ( less than or equal to 15 ppt S). Successful development from hatching to metamorphosis occurred only at temperatures greater than or equal to 12 degree C. With increasing temperature, both overall survival and range of salinity tolerance increased, whereas development duration decreased exponentially. Regression equations describing this relationship are given for different larval stages and salinities.