Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Storage dynamics of fallen trees in the broad leaved and Korean pine mixed forest

A study was carried out the storage dynamics of fallen trees in the broad leaved and Korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains,Jilin Province,The fallen trees storage dynamics includes the existing fallen trees and the annual input in the mixed forest.The existing storage of fallen trees was 16.25 t/hm 2 in the initial stage,then the storage reduced,after 100 years,85% of the dry weight was decomposed and only a few left after 300 years.The average annual input of fallen trees was 0.6 t/hm 2,it increased with the lapse of time and became 31.0 t/hm 2 after 200 years.It would maintain this amount until the climax community was over.The total storage of fallen trees increased in the early stage.In pace with the decomposition of fallen trees,the storage was identical with the annual input of fallen trees,and finally it would be stable.
Financial Control and Organizational Performance: A Case of Rwanda Broadcasting Agency (RBA)

Many organizations in Rwanda face financial control related issues due to inappropriate use of accounting principles, inadequate funding, poor departmental administration and management of public funds, inefficient and inadequate internal control systems that led to the shortfalls in financial control and organizational performance. Hence, research aims at assessing the importance of Financial Control on organizational performance of RBA in the last three years. The researcher theoretically and empirically reviewed the past studies in relation to Financial Control and organizational performance, to the variables of the study including Financial Control which is measured in terms of budgetary control, Financial reporting, Cost control whereas measures like financial performance, business performance and organizational effectiveness measures organizational performance. This study was descriptive survey and a target population of three hundred (300) employees of RBA in which a sample size of 171 respondents was determined using Yamane (1967) formula and purposive sampling technique was used to select those respondents from the whole target population. Later, analysis of data starts with editing and collecting of data and data gathered was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, the frequencies, percentages, correlation and regression analysis which was used to explore the variables under study, qualitative data arising out of perceptions, opinions and suggestion was expressed in percentages as per the categories of respondents against their variables and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). Thus, the findings of this study between financial control and organizational performance has also shown that there is a significant relationship between budget control and financial reporting (p=.744 and sig=.000), between budget control and cost control (p=.583 and sig=.000), between financial reporting and cost control (p=.737 and sig=.000), between return on asset and return on capital (p=.801 and sig=.000), return on asset and net profit margin (p=.819 and sig=.000), return on capital employed and net profit margin (p=.848 and sig=.000). Thus, implying that to improve organizational performance in RBA there should be improvement of financial control through ensuring budget control, financial reporting and cost control. Basing on the findings, the researcher recommended to the Public Institutions that there are should be regular budget controls to enhance organizational performance; to the employees of RBA that financial report should be done regularly and on time to ensure organizational performance; to the managers and supervisors in RBA, to ensure that the departmental budgets meet departmental income and expenses in order to ensure organizational performance in RBA.
Sleep Behaviors and Thoughts as Links Between Social Rhythmicity and Mental Health Outcomes

SLEEP BEHAVIORS AND THOUGHTS AS LINKS BETWEEN SOCIAL RHYHMICITY AND MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES By Sahar M. Sabet, M.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2020 Director: Natalie D. Dautovich, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology Social rhythmicity refers to the regularity with which one engages in social and lifestyle activities. Considerable research has recognized that social rhythms have important implications for health and well-being. For example, disturbances in social rhythms are one potential factor that may contribute to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders. Existing research on social rhythm irregularity has heavily focused on its link with bipolar disorder and, to a lesser extent, with depression. Less is known about the association of social rhythms with anxiety or with subclinical levels of depression. Furthermore, it is unclear how social rhythms are tied to mental health outcomes. Sleep shows potential as an underlying link, however, no studies have investigated sleep behaviors and sleep thoughts as potential links between social rhythmicity and mental health outcomes. The current study used a large sample of 3,284 adults to examine the role of sleep thoughts and behaviors as mediators of the association between social rhythms and mental health for clinical and subclinical levels of depression and anxiety. Moderated parallel mediation models revealed that greater social rhythmicity is directly associated with fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms, and that sleep behaviors and thoughts mediate this association. Further, sleep health was found to be a particularly stronger link for clinically depressed adults. The findings highlight the critical role lifestyle regularity plays in anxious and
Eﬃciency Analysis of the Vertex Clustering in Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem

The TSP is the problem to ﬁnd the shortest path in a graph visiting every nodes exactly once and returning to the start node. Due to the high complexity of TSP, there exists no algorithm for global exact optimization with polynomial cost. In order to provide an acceptable solution for real life problems, the TSP are usually solved with some heuristic optimization problem. The paper proposes a multi layered optimization model, where the node set is partitioned into clusters or into hierarchy of clusters. Based on the test experiments the proposed method is superior to the single level optimization method for both the TSP and MTSP problems
Real-Time Dynamic Optimal Power Flow in Electric Vehicles Considering the Lifetime of the Components in the E-Powertrain

Different types of energy sources (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells) can be utilized in electric vehicles to store and provide energy in the e-powertrain through power electronic devices [1-6]. The lifetime of the components in the e-powertrain depends on their load profile [7,8]. For instance, the lifetime of a battery highly depends on the depth of discharge and the number of charge/discharge cycles [9-13].
Table 1 Data for "Variables Associated with Thermal Emittance of Wall Mural Art in Richmond, Virginia"

The objectives of this research are to determine the factors associated with the minimum, maximum, and average thermal emittance temperatures of wall murals in Richmond, Virginia, and make recommendations for color and location of wall murals. Data for 17 parameters were collected for 64 art murals in downtown Richmond, VA from 28 June 2018 – 19 July 2018. Date, time, solar exposure duration, solar elevation, latitude, longitude, air temperature (C), lux, color, solar cardinal minutes, cardinal direction, minimum, maximum, and average surface thermal emittance temperatures of mural face were recorded for each mural. We reject the hypothesis that minimum, maximum, and average thermal emittance temperatures of wall murals do not vary significantly with temporal, spatial, physical changes, and solar factors. Maximum, minimum, and average emittance temperatures of wall mural art varied significantly with the number of minutes that solar energy directly illuminating mural art for each cardinal direction, lux, solar elevation, total diurnal exposure, maximum mural color, and percent dark colors on murals. Minimum mural wall art temperatures (30.0-37.0 C) occurred on surfaces facing East, North, Northwest, and Northeast which also had the lowest lux values (8,86714,231); highest temperatures (44.8-49.9 C) were recorded on walls facing South, Southeast, and West, which had the highest lux values (42,51746,000). Based on results of this study and those investigating mitigation of the urban heat island effect with building materials and coatings on walls and roofs, we recommend a study that uses a systematic approach to locating wall mural art based on specific colors, paint composition, and wall materials to guide local building authorities owners, and artists to maximize albedo. Additionally, we recommend, where possible, mural art should be painted on vertical surfaces facing North, Northeast, and Northwest where * Graduated from the University of Richmond in 2019. Sarah is currently working at the Keck Center for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: 500 5th St NW, Washington, DC 20001 Virginia Journal of Science Volume 71, Issue 1 & 2 Spring & Summer 2020 doi: 10.25778/6hjn-a318 Note: This manuscript has been accepted for publication and is online ahead of print. It will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Virginia Journal of Science, Vol. 71, No. 1, 2020 https://digitalcommons.odu. edu/vjs/vol71/iss1
Effect of rectal temperature on efficiency of artificial insemination and embryo transfer technique in dairy cattle during hot season

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rectal temperature (RT) as well as artificial insemination (AI) technique on pregnancy rates in Holstein cows and artificial insemination or embryo transfer (ET) techniques in Holstein heifers during summer. The experiments were conducted on five dairy farms in Hungary, where 1 631 data were examined. The RT was measured immediately before reproductive techniques using a digital thermometer. The effects of animal group and month on RT were analysed. The enhancement of RT until September can be seen in heifers, but the highest RT of cows occurred during July. In line with the enhancement of RT the pregnancy rate decreased in all groups; the lowest (cows) and the highest (heifers) value was observed in July. Moderate to high negative coefficients of correlation were detected between rectal temperature and pregnancy rate for particular groups (r = −0.3 – −0.7). More than 92% of ET, 48% and 16% of inseminated heifers and cows were pregnant up to the category of 39.1 °C of RT, above this it did not change considerably in the inseminated groups. In inseminated animals with RT higher than 39.1 °C significantly higher services per conception could be observed contrary to ET heifers. ET may become a more effective strategy to improve pregnancy success in heifers compared to AI during summer.
The life and times of tree roots: preliminary results for root-mediated weathering in the rhizosphere

Examining landscape biogeochemistry, especially in the belowground fine-root and soil compartments, will lead to a better understanding of the importance and function of trees in regolith development. This research aims to investigate patterns in geochemistry in relation to biological activity with specific emphasis placed on quantifying the extent tree roots impact on geochemical change and soil formation in the rhizosphere of mature forest trees in an old, nutrient poor landscape. Preliminary results suggest mineral weathering in the rhizosphere of two mature and adjacent, but different tree species in a nearnatural dry sclerophyll forest occurring on the same soil type. A pilot study of standard physico-chemical properties in the bulk soils, rhizosphere and <3mm root compartments hints at a tight nutrient cycle through the A1 horizon rhizosphere of Acacia falciformis (mountain hickory), and extractable Ca is observed to decline in the B2 horizon rhizosphere of the Eucalyptus mannifera (brittle gum). Further, results of mineral leaching experiments using 1mM concentration solutions of low molecular weight carboxylic acids on these soils show patterns of element mobilisation that are consistent with the distribution measured in the field soils.
Hysteresis behavior of shocks in low angular momentum flows

In this work we present the GRMHD 1D simulations of accreting matter with variable angular momentum. We focus on the existence and behaviour of the shock in the flow. We show that the location of the shock front responds to the change of the angular momentum, which also causes the accretion rate onto the black hole to vary on different time scales. We study the possible hysteresis behaviour of the shock front during the time evolution of the flow. We discuss the potential observational effects of this phenomenon.
A HIGHER DEGREE IMMERSED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD BASED ON A CAUCHY EXTENSION FOR ELLIPTIC INTERFACE PROBLEMS\ast

This article develops and analyzes a pth degree immersed finite element (IFE) method for solving the elliptic interface problems with meshes independent of the coefficient discontinuity in the involved partial differential equations. The proposed pth degree IFE functions are macro polynomials constructed by weakly solving a Cauchy problem locally on each interface element according to the interface jump conditions. To alleviate the discontinuous effects of IFE functions, penalties on both the edges of interface elements and the interface itself are employed in the proposed IFE scheme. New techniques are introduced to analyze the proposed IFE functions in a format of macro polynomials, including their existence, the optimal approximation capabilities of the resulting IFE spaces, and trace inequalities. These results are then further applied to prove that the proposed IFE method converges optimally in both the L2 and H1 norms.
Continuous Dissolved Gas Tracing of Fracture‐Matrix Exchanges

Transport in fractured media plays an important role in a range of processes, from rock weathering and microbial processes to contaminant transport, and energy extraction and storage. Diffusive transfer between the fracture fluid and the rock matrix is often a key element in these applications. But the multiscale heterogeneity of fractures renders the field assessment of these processes extremely challenging. This study explores the use of dissolved gases as tracers of fracture‐matrix interactions, which can be measured continuously and highly accurately using mobile mass spectrometers. Since their diffusion coefficients vary significantly, multiple gases are used to probe different scales of fracture‐matrix exchanges. Tracer tests with helium, xenon, and argon were performed in a fractured chalk aquifer, and resulting tracer breakthrough curves are modeled. Results show that continuous dissolved gas tracing with multiple tracers provides key constrains on fracture‐matrix interactions and reveal unexpected scale effects in fracture‐matrix exchange rates.
TRANSFERENCIA EMBRIONARIA IPSILATERAL Y CONTRALATERAL A LA POSICIÓN DEL CUERPO LÚTEO Y SUPERVIVENCIA EMBRIONARIA EN LLAMAS EMBRYO TRANSFER IPSILATERAL AND CONTRALATERAL TO THE POSITION OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM AND EMBRYO SURVIVAL IN LLAMAS

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect the embryo transfer to the uterine horn ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of the corpus luteum (CL) and the size of CL on the embryo survival in llamas. It was used 43 recipient adult females randomly assigned to 4 groups: G1 (n=10): CL in right ovary and ipsilateral embryo transfer, G2 (n=10): CL in right ovary and contralateral transfer, G3 (n=15): CL in left ovary and ipsilateral transfer, and G4 (n=8): CL in left ovary and contralateral transfer. Ten llamas were used as embryo donors. They were synchronized with LH (1 ml) on Day 0 (D0), superovulated with 1000 UI eCG on D3, luteolysis was induced with PGF2? on D7, and mated on D8. Recipients were treated on D7 with LH to get synchrony with the donors. On D14 embryos were collected, evaluated and transferred. The results showed that 60 (G1) and 75% (G3) recipients conceived when embryo transfer was right and left ipsilateral respectively, while only 30 (G2) and 25% (G4) conceived when embryo transfer was right and left contralateral respectively. However, statistical difference was only observed between G3 with G2 and G4 (p<0.05). These results indicate that pregnancy rate is higher in llamas when the embryo transfer was done in to the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL in the left ovary.
Novel bacterium Rhizobium undicola isolated from the upland cultivated rice Oryza sativa L. promoting plant growth

A novel endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium identified as Rhizobium undicola (Ouran110) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was isolated from surface-sterilized roots of upland rice Oryza sativa L. var. Narendra Dhan 118. The diazotrophic nature of the bacterium was established by its close homology with typical diazotrophic bacteria and further confirmed by the amplification of nifH gene. Amplification of nodC confirmed that the strain could be a legume symbiont and this was further ascertained by the nodulation of the strain with Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max. Endophytic colonization ability was ascertained by molecular tagging with gfp/Gusa fused to a constitutive promoter followed by inoculation onto rice seedlings in axenic condition. Microscopic observation confirmed colonization of gfp/gus-tagged Ouran110 in the intercellular spaces of vascular zones of rice roots. Inoculation of R. undicola (Ouran110) with rice plants resulted in significant increase in plant growth promoting traits suggesting implications of this endophytic bacterium as bio-fertilizer in sustainable rice production agriculture.
ISSR studies on small and large seed varieties of Glycine max

Plant molecular identity (ID) is required to describe molecular characteristics of plants, which is should contain all of the required information. Molecular markers are popularly used to characterize plant genetic diversity. In the present study, DNA was isolated from the two different Glycine max varieties, for ISSR based marker analysis. For molecular characterization total 30 primers of ISSR were tested for the both varieties. The results obtained using ISSR primers for two Glycine max varieties showed recordable monomorphic and polymorphic band patterns. Overall, ISSR has shown 39.2 % polymorphism. In this, primers UBC888, UBC889 and UBC814 showed 100% polymorphism, followed by 73.33% in UBC881 and 77.78% in UBC817. Thus primers UBC888, UBC889 and UBC814, have given high polymorphism and proved the best to distinguish both varieties from each other.
Connecting Dimensions of School Leadership for Partnerships with School and Teacher Practices of Family Engagement.

This study examined how school leadership for school and family partnerships is related to the percent of teachers in a school that engage families in their children’s education. Using data collected from over 380 schools nationwide, we examined the roles principals played to establish school–family partnerships. Structural equation modeling analysis explored the associations of transformational and collaborative leadership for partnerships with the quality of partnership program organization and the extent of teachers’ engagement of families. Results indicated that more active engagement of families by teachers was associated with strong transformational leadership for partnerships. Also, principal’s strong collaborative leadership for partnerships was related to the quality of partnership program organization, which was then associated with the percent of teachers practicing active engagement of families. The findings suggest that school leaders must consider the multiple domains of their leadership in promoting school, family, and community partnerships to maximize teachers’ connections with families.
СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ТРАКТОВКА ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

Аннотация. В работе рассматривается формальное определение информационной эффективности финансовых рынков. Проведен анализ взаимосвязи данной концепции с базовым принципом и моделями ценообразования активов. Рассмотрены вопросы соотношения информационной эффективности и прогнозируемости доходности на финансовых рынках. Представлен обзор возможных обобщений и направлений дальнейших исследований.
Lower photosynthetic capacity under higher spectral reflectance? The case of Actinidia polygama

The variegated leaves of Actinidia polygama exhibit a striking colour change during development. However, little is known whether the photosynthetic capacity of white leaves can be maintained. Therefore, spectrum properties, leaf structure, net photosynthetic rate (PN), and chlorophyll fluorescence in the green and white leaves were investigated. Although reflectance at 400 - 700 nm in white leaves was higher than that in green leaves, total chlorophyll content of white leaves was similar to that in green leaves. Palisade tissue cells of white leaves contained functional chloroplasts. Large intercellular spaces were observed between the epidermal and mesophyll cells and within the palisade tissue cell layer in white leaves. Both PN and the actual quantum yield of photosystem II in white leaves were similar to green leaves. At different leaf growth stages, PN of white leaves was about 88 - 100 % of the PN of green leaves. The efficiency of electron move beyond QA- (ET/TR) and the quantum yield of electron transport (ET/ABS) in white leaves was higher than in green leaves. In conclusion, photosynthetic capacity in white leaves of A. polygama showed two favorable characteristics during the whole sampling period: 1) despite a higher spectral reflectance in white leaves, PN of white leaves remained relatively high compared with green leaves; 2) the higher activity of photosystem II of white leaves enabled photosynthetic capacity maintenance.
Ju n 20 08 Strain and field modulation in bilayer graphene band structure

Using an external electric field, one can modulate the bandgap of Bernal stacked bilayer graphene by breaking A− B̃ symmetry. We analyze strain effects on the bilayer graphene using the extended Hückel theory and find that reduced interlayer distance results in higher bandgap modulation, as expected. Furthermore, above about 2.5 Å interlayer distance, the bandgap is direct, follows a convex relation to electric field and saturates to a value determined by the interlayer distance. However, below about 2.5 Å, the bandgap is indirect, the trend becomes concave and a threshold electric field is observed, which also depends on the stacking distance.
Genetic variability studies for qualitative attributes in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.)

The present investigation was carried out to estimate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance per cent of mean for 4 qualitative attributes in 21 different genotypes of bottle gourd during Kharif 2018 at Instructional-Cum-Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture Latur, Vasantrao Naike Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth (M.S.). Significant differences among the genotypes were observed for all the characters under study. The PCV and GCV values were high for Carbohydrate, Protein and T.S. S. High heritability and high genetic advance were observed for characters like ascorbic acid, carbohydrate, protein and T.S. S.