Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and Descriptive Study of the Radial Extensor Muscle (M. Extensor Carpi Radialis)

The M. extensores carpi radiales have been studied in detail in humans. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative anatomical study of these muscles using four species – rabbit, cat, dog and sheep – and to propose a ‘systematization’ in a few standard models according to the morphological variations seen. In these species, there is marked morphological evolution, with two muscles in humans, one in sheep and a more or less distinct division of the muscle in the rabbit, cat and dog. Examination of the vascularization and nerve supply enables us to determine degrees of division in species with similar muscle morphology. Thus we were able to distinguish three morphological types which allow us to infer the morphological evolution of the M. extensores carpi radiales and to estimate the point at which one muscle became two. However, there is a strong chance that some process of convergence may have occurred, and in pentadactyl species many elements represent the plesiomorphis and are therefore of little use in constructing a classification on the basis of evolution.
For better or for worse: the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis balances pathology and protection

Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is a complex disease, and the success of the bacterium as an intracellular pathogen is the outcome of its close and longstanding coevolution with the mammalian host. The dialogue between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host is becoming understandable at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level. This has led to the elucidation of the (i) interaction between pattern recognition receptors and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, (ii) cross‐talk between immune cells, and (iii) mechanisms underlying granuloma development. Disease as an eventual but not a necessary consequence of infection results from a sensitive balance between protective immunity and destructive pathology. Early events, governed largely by conserved mechanisms of host recognition, impact not only on type and course of adaptive immunity but also on lung parenchymal function. New interpretations of how these responses shape the lung environment and direct granuloma development emphasize that the disease results from pathologic consequences of non‐resolving inflammation. We review recent advances in TB research within the context of this ambitious view of TB.
Lesion response of long‐term and recently immigrated resident endoneurial macrophages in peripheral nerve explant cultures from bone marrow chimeric mice

Resident macrophages of the peripheral nervous system have recently been shown to respond rapidly to Wallerian degeneration before the influx of blood‐derived macrophages. Because resident endoneurial macrophages are slowly but incompletely exchanged from the blood within 3 months, they could potentially comprise a heterogenous cell population consisting of long‐term resident cells and more mobile cells undergoing turnover. We used bone marrow chimeric mice created by transplanting bone marrow from green fluorescent protein‐transgenic mice into irradiated wildtype recipients to selectively analyse the response of these two resident macrophage populations to Wallerian degeneration in sciatic nerve explant cultures. In such nerves, recently immigrated macrophages exhibit green fluorescence whereas long‐term resident macrophages do not. Studies in cultures from wildtype controls revealed rapid morphological changes of resident macrophages towards a bloated phenotype, a proliferative response resulting in a 3.7‐fold increase of macrophage numbers over 2 weeks, and phagocytosis of myelin basic protein‐immunoreactive myelin debris. When chimeric mice were analysed, both populations of resident endoneurial macrophages participated in morphological transformation, proliferation and phagocytosis. Quantitative studies revealed a stronger proliferative and phagocytic response in long‐term resident endoneurial macrophages compared with recently immigrated macrophages. Our results point towards subtle, but not principal, differences between the two macrophage populations, which might indicate different stages of macrophage differentiation rather than the existence of entirely distinct endoneurial macrophage populations. The results further underline the versatility of resident endoneurial macrophages following peripheral nerve injury, which is reminiscent of the lesion response of microglial cells within the brain.
Methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of contact lens care solutions and other compounds against Acanthamoeba: a review of the literature.

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to review the literature concerning the methods used to evaluate contact lens care solutions against Acanthamoeba. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a potential threat, with 85% of the cases being reported in contact lens wearers. METHODS Several studies from the published literature that evaluated contact lens disinfectants were reviewed. The variables included test organism, strain and morphology, growth conditions, inoculum preparation, inoculation method, test solutions and concentration, contact time, neutralization, recovery, quantitation method, and viability determination of survivors. The methods used to test Acanthamoeba against the disinfectants were compared and contrasted. RESULTS After a thorough review of methods used to test Acanthamoeba, it was found that there is great variability in the methods used to evaluate contact lens disinfectants. The majority of the studies used A.castellanii and A.polyphaga cysts grown axenically in PYG medium containing cations at about 30 degrees C and the inoculum contained about 1.0 x 10(5) cells/mL. Inactivation media or centrifugation of cells was used to neutralize test samples. Quantitation was performed in most studies and viability was checked in all studies. The disinfectants tested most often were PHMB, hydrogen peroxide, thimerosal, and chlorhexidine. CONCLUSIONS After reviewing the studies presented here it can be concluded that an effective method for testing Acanthamoeba against contact lens disinfectants would include A.castellanii or A.polyphaga grown axenically in PYG containing cations and a concentration of organisms high enough to adequately measure kill, a neutralization step, recovery and quantitation of organisms followed by a viability check of survivors.
Model Selection Based on FDR-Thresholding Optimizing the Area under the ROC-Curve

We evaluate variable selection by multiple tests controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) to build a linear score for prediction of clinical outcome in high-dimensional data. Quality of prediction is assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for prediction in independent patients. Thus we try to combine both goals: prediction and controlled structure estimation. We show that the FDR-threshold which provides the ROC-curve with the largest area under the curve (AUC) varies largely over the different parameter constellations not known in advance. Hence, we investigated a new cross validation procedure based on the maximum rank correlation estimator to determine the optimal selection threshold. This procedure (i) allows choosing an appropriate selection criterion, (ii) provides an estimate of the FDR close to the true FDR and (iii) is simple and computationally feasible for rather moderate to small sample sizes. Low estimates of the cross validated AUC (the estimates generally being positively biased) and large estimates of the cross validated FDR may indicate a lack of sufficiently prognostic variables and/or too small sample sizes. The method is applied to an oncology dataset.
Privacy models for big data: a survey

Big data is the next big thing in computing. As this data cannot be processed using traditional systems, it poses numerous challenges to the research community. Privacy is one of the important concerns with data, be it traditional data or big data. This paper gives an overview of big data, the challenges with big data and the privacy preserving data sharing and publishing scenario. We focus on the various privacy models that can be extended to big data domain. A description of each privacy model with its benefits and drawbacks is discussed in the review. This survey will contribute much to the benefit of researchers and industry players in uncovering the critical areas of big data privacy.
Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) attachment and proliferation on several abutment materials with various colors.

PURPOSE An implant abutment should be soft tissue-compatible and resistant to plaque accumulation, and it is preferable for an implant abutment to have color harmony with the surrounding tissues. This study aimed to compare the in vitro fibroblast cell attachment and proliferation on several abutment materials of different colors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 specimens in 6 experimental groups were used: titanium alloy (SM [smooth machined]; gray), cobalt-chrome-molybdenum alloy (CCM; gray), titanium nitride-coated titanium (TiN; yellow), anodic-oxidized titanium (AO; dark pink), composite resin-coated titanium (R; white), and zirconia (Zr; white). The culture plate surface was employed as a control (C). The surface roughness (Sa), developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr), and water contact angle (WCA) were measured. The human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) attachment and proliferation at the third and seventh days were observed. RESULTS Sa values of all experimental groups were < 0.5 μm. Sdr values were between 5% and 8%, except for the Zr group (0.06%). WCA of all groups was greater than 40 degrees. More HGF-1 cells attached on the surfaces of the SM, TiN, and Zr groups than the C group, and the least number of cells were observed on the CCM group (P < .001). On the third day of proliferation, the C group showed significantly greater proliferation than all experimental groups (P < .001). On the seventh day of proliferation, the TiN, AO, Zr, and C groups exhibited twice the number of cells compared to the rest of the groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, zirconia abutments would be the best choice in the anterior region. Titanium nitride-coated titanium alloy abutments or anodic-oxidized titanium alloy abutments might also be good choices in areas of esthetic challenge or under high occlusal loads.
Beyond Best Practice: Implementing a Unit-Based CLABSI Project

This article describes a hospital unit's successful central line–associated bloodstream infection reduction project. The focus is on decreasing and sustaining a low rate of infection by targeting improvement in central line maintenance. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research's 5 interacting domains (the intervention, inner and outer settings, individuals involved, and process) were used to guide the selection of 4 Plan-Do-Study-Act interventions. The rate decreased the rate from 3.2 to 0.6 infections per 1000 catheter-days.
The visual cortex of the agouti (Dasyprocta aguti): architectonic subdivisions.

1. We have studied the cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture of the agouti's cortical surface that can be activated by visual stimulation. Five architectonic subdivisions that correspond to distinctive visuotopic representations were characterized. 2. The largest portion of the visual cortex is occupied by area 17 which is situated lateral to the cingulate cortex, medial to area 18, posterior to the parietal cortex, and anterior to the agranular retrosplenial cortex. Additionally, four architectonic subdivisions in the extrastriate visual cortex were distinguished, i.e., from medial to lateral: area 18, area 19, anterior lateral area, and temporal posterior area. 3. Along the border of the extrastriate cortex a ring of nonvisual cortical fields was encountered encompassing parietal (somatic sensorial) cortex, temporal anterior and temporal intermediate (auditory) areas, a band of pre-rhinal cortex, and agranular retrosplenial cortex.
Numerical construction of initial data for Einstein's equations with static extension to space-like infinity

We describe a numerical method to construct Cauchy data extending to space-like infinity based on Corvino's (2000) gluing method. Adopting the setting of Giulini and Holzegel (2005), we restrict ourselves here to vacuum axisymmetric spacetimes and glue a Schwarzschildean end to Brill–Lindquist data describing two non-rotating black holes. Our numerical implementation is based on pseudo-spectral methods and we carry out extensive convergence tests to check the validity of our numerical results. We also investigate the dependence of the total ADM mass on the details of the gluing construction.
Yes, there is a female and a male brain: Morphology versus functionality

In a recent PNAS paper (1), Joel et al. examine several large datasets of MRI images and surveys of human brains. The authors conclude that brains of women and men are not dimorphic and not categorically different, as are the genital systems of the two genders, but resemble more an overlapping mosaic of specific functional regions and therefore cannot be distinguished as male and female brains. This conclusion cannot be drawn based on the methodology used. MRIs are “still images. ” Looking at these is more akin to examining a road map and drawing conclusions about traffic patterns. Other imaging methods might have yielded different results (2). Reality is not fully revealed from quantities or distributions of quantities but from the functionality of the system. There are functional differences in various activity centers in the brain while performing physical or cognitive tasks or undergoing emotional experiences, but there are no morphological distinctions between brains that experience pain, happiness or sorrow, love or hate, empathy or compassion. There was in fact no need for such an elaborate study that eventually corroborates a rather obvious fact: that one cannot morphologically distinguish between a male and a female brain like one can concerning male and female genitalia. Whenever the terms “female brain” and “male brain” are used, the intention should be functional and not morphological, qualitative and not quantitative. Functionally, brains of women and men are indeed different. Not better, not worse, neither more nor less sophisticated, just different. The very brain cells differ chromosomally. The male brain is exposed to a completely different hormonal environment during intrauterine life than the female brain. The available scientific data as to the crucial effect of testosterone on the developing male brain is overwhelming (3, 4).
Protective effects of anti‐C5a peptide antibodies in experimental sepsis

We evaluated antibodies to different peptide regions of rat C5a in the sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for their protective effects in rats. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were developed to the following peptide regions of rat C5a: amino‐terminal region (A), residues 1‐16; middle region (M), residues 17‐36; and the carboxyl‐terminal region (C), residues 58‐77. With rat neutrophils, the chemotactic activity of rat C5a was significantly inhibited by antibodies with the following rank order: anti‐C > anti‐M ≫ anti‐A. In vivo, antibodies to the M and C (but not A) regions of C5a were protective in experimental sepsis, as determined by survival over a 10‐day period, in a dose‐dependent manner. The relative protective efficacies of anti‐C5a preparations (in descending order of efficacy) were anti‐C ≥ anti‐M ≫ anti‐A. In CLP rats, a delay in infusion of antibodies, which were injected at 6 or 12 h after CLP, still resulted in significant improvement in survival rates. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that there are optimal targets on C5a for blockade during sepsis and that delayed infusion of anti‐C5a antibody until after onset of clinical evidence of sepsis still provides protective effects.
Is pulmonary arterial hypertension really a late complication of systemic sclerosis?

BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). PAH is generally considered to be a late complication of limited cutaneous SSc. This study identified and investigated a subset of SSc patients with early-onset PAH. METHODS Clinical and hemodynamic data at the time of diagnosis were collected retrospectively for 78 consecutive patients with PAH associated with SSc. PAH diagnosed within 5 years of the first non-Raynaud phenomenon symptom of SSc was considered to be an early-onset complication. PAH diagnosed > 5 years following SSc diagnosis was considered to be a late complication. RESULTS PAH occurred a mean (+/- SD) duration of 6.3 +/- 6.6 years after the diagnosis of SSc (median delay, 4.0 years; 95% CI, 2.88 to 6.0 years). Early-onset PAH was diagnosed in 43 patients (55.1%), and late-onset PAH was diagnosed in 35 patients (44.9%). Patients with early-onset PAH were older at SSc diagnosis than patients with late-onset PAH (mean age, 58.0 +/- 12.5 vs 46.6 +/- 12.9 years, respectively; p = 0.0002). No differences in age at the time of PAH diagnosis, or in SSc subtype (limited vs diffuse; anticentromere vs anti-Scl70 antibodies), were observed between onset subgroups. At diagnosis, early-onset PAH was more severe than late-onset PAH, with a lower cardiac index (2.4 +/- 0.6 vs 2.8 +/- 0.6 L/min/m(2), respectively; p = 0.005) and greater total pulmonary resistance (1,708 +/- 777 vs 1,341 +/- 530 dyne x s x cm(-5)/m(2), respectively; p = 0.02). Mortality at 3 and 5 years was comparable between subgroups. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the expected scenario, early-onset PAH occurred in approximately half of SSc patients. Early-onset PAH was as frequent among patients with diffuse SSc as those with limited SSc. Annual screening for PAH should be implemented immediately after SSc diagnosis for all patients.
La fenomenología según Merleau-Ponty: un camino de descenso hacia las cosas

En este trabajo se investigara el modo propio en el que el filosofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty ha utilizado el metodo fenomenologico. Entender el ser, para el, no es alcanzar una verdad absoluta, reservada a una elite intelectual. Comprender el mundo es, al contrario, bajar, hacer silencio, ponerse al nivel del ser y de una cierta manera ver las cosas desde su perspectiva. Emprender el camino del conocimiento es, pues, descender y observar la existencia desde sus multiples facetas sin renunciar al trabajo de la inteligencia. Por ello, recorreremos los temas principales que caracterizan la fenomenologia del primer Merleau-Ponty desde los fenomenos hasta la historia pasando por la existencia y el otro.
SPOKEN INTERFACE FOR CORRECTING PHONEME RECOGNITION ERRORS IN LEARNING OF UNKNOWN WORDS

This paper describes a novel method that enables users to teach systems the phoneme sequences of new words through speech interaction. Using the method, users can correct mis-recognized phoneme sequences incrementally by making corrective utterances. Each corrective utterance may include the whole or a segment of the word. During the interaction, if the correction using the utterance results in a better phoneme sequence than the previous one, a user can stop the interaction or make a corrective utterance again. Otherwise the user can reject the utterance. The originalities of this method are 1) interactive correction by speech, 2) the use of spoken word segments for locating mis-recognized phonemes and, 3) the use of generalized posterior probability (GPP) as a measure of correcting mis-recognized phonemes. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved 96.8% in phoneme accuracy and 79.1% in word accuracy, with less than seven corrective utterances.
Quelques commentaires à propos du nom ‘sujet’ en français / Further Remarks Concerning the Noun ‘Sujet’ in French

This short commentary seeks to give some further thoughts on the discussion concerning the noun sujet in the French language as taken up in Inter Faculty, vol. 7, Fragmentation and Divergence , by the articles of Berque, Wieviorka, and more especially from a linguistic point of view, that of Lebaud.
Phase-shifted pulse-width-amplitude modulation for quasi-Z-source cascade multilevel inverter based PV power system

A phase-shifted pulse-width-amplitude modulation (PS-PWAM) is proposed for quasi-Z-source cascade multilevel inverter (qZS-CMI) applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system. The detailed modulating principle is disclosed. A switching loss model is built to evaluate the qZS-CMI's power dissipation when the PS-PWAM and the traditional phase-shifted SPWM (PS-SPWM) are respectively employed. The simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed PS-PWAM has a lower power loss and higher voltage utilization than the traditional PS-SPWM for the qZS-CMI.
A defined sequence within the 3′ UTR of the areA transcript is sufficient to mediate nitrogen metabolite signalling via accelerated deadenylation

Nitrogen metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans is regulated by AREA, a member of the GATA family of transcription factors. One mechanism that modulates AREA activity involves the rapid degradation of the areA transcript when sufficient NH4+ or Gln are available. This signalling mechanism has been shown to require a region of 218 nucleotides within the 3′ untranslated region of areA mRNA. We demonstrate that this region functions independently in a heterologous transcript and acts to accelerate degradation of the poly(A) tail, which in turn leads to rapid transcript degradation in response to the addition of NH4+ or Gln to the growth medium. areA transcript degradation is inhibited by cycloheximide, but this is not a general consequence of translational inhibition. We believe that this is the first reported example in which specific physiological signals, acting through a defined sequence within a transcript, have been shown to promote accelerated poly(A) degradation, which in turn triggers transcript degradation.
Parenteral Nutrition and Lipids

Lipids have multiple physiological roles that are biologically vital. Soybean oil lipid emulsions have been the mainstay of parenteral nutrition lipid formulations for decades in North America. Utilizing intravenous lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition has minimized the dependence on dextrose as a major source of nonprotein calories and prevents the clinical consequences of essential fatty acid deficiency. Emerging literature has indicated that there are benefits to utilizing alternative lipids such as olive/soy-based formulations, and combination lipids such as soy/MCT/olive/fish oil, compared with soybean based lipids, as they have less inflammatory properties, are immune modulating, have higher antioxidant content, decrease risk of cholestasis, and improve clinical outcomes in certain subgroups of patients. The objective of this article is to review the history of IVLE, their composition, the different generations of widely available IVLE, the variables to consider when selecting lipids, and the complications of IVLE and how to minimize them.
W-band InP-based resonant tunnelling diode oscillator with milliwatt output power

This paper presents a high power (milliwatt) W-band resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillator. The oscillator circuit employs two RTD devices in parallel and operates at 75.2 GHz with -0.2 dBm (0.95 mW) output power. To the authors knowledge, this is the highest reported output power for an RTD oscillator at W-band.