Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE NORTHERN IRAN'S ASPERGILLUS SPECIES TOXIGENICITY, AN ANALYTICAL COMPARISON OF AFLATOXIN, OCHRATOXIN AND CITRININ IN THE FUNGAL BIOMASSES

One of the most serious problems to confront the quality of food and feed, is the presence of mycotoxins which are produced by different species of the genus Aspergillus. Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Citrinin are of greatest concern as they are highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds. Samples collected by settling plates, in northern Iran and pure culture isolation performed till the toxin measurement to be done in cell extracts (biomass) which prepared by merging culture in separated prepared culture media incubation. The amount of toxin measured by extracting solutions using Direct Competitive ELISA. The greatest amount of Citrinin produced valued as A.niger (2009.3ppb), the highest amount of Ochratoxin produced by A.melleus (56.21ppb) and A.parasiticus with the highest amount of Aflatoxin (6.02 ppb) played a noble role among the all conducted isolates, in contrast the lowest Citrinin produced by A.wentii (18.46ppb) and the lowest Ochratoxin prepared by A.alliaceus isolates (4.02ppb)the same as lowest Aflatoxin in A.awamori (1.25ppb). According to maximum Citrinin limits (200ppb) and maximum Ochratoxin and Aflatoxin limits (5ppb) in food and feed including to Aspergilli and as the result of our measurements and the maximum amount of Citrinin respectively was (2009.3ppb) produced by A.niger infact was the most important species and the highest producer that were much more than the universal standard allowance, the greatest amount of Ochratoxin produced by A.melleus (56.21ppb) and the greatest amount of Aflatoxin produced by A.parasiticus (6.02ppb) were too much more than standard allowance. Since methods for controlling mycotoxins are largely preventive so we decided to elucidate the comparison between these toxins.
Organic Board Games with Tangible Tiles: interaction methods for small hexagonal tiles

The keyboard and mouse have dominated human-computer interaction for over twenty years. Much effort has been made to break away from this paradigm by creating novel interaction systems and techniques. This thesis presents a system with small hexagonally shaped cardboard tiles called Organic Board Games, along with methods of interaction for these tiles. Tiles are used as a means for controlling and interfacing with abstract objects in a computer system. Particular attention is given to controlling games with the tiles, as some of the original motivation for the system was from the board game Settlers of Catan. The many design considerations for Organic Board Games are discussed; prototype implementations that were constructed are presented and critiqued, and observations are made regarding these systems’ applicability to interface design. Several proposals are presented for the system’s evaluation and development beyond the example implementations.
Solvency and Performance of French Wineries in Times of Declining Sales: Co-operatives and Corporations

The paper assesses the ability of French wineries to prevail over the crisis of French wine in the years 2000. Corporations are distinguished from co-operatives: Over the 2000-2006 period in spite of sales fluctuations, French wineries did not increase their financial debt level substantially. Such result supports the traditional static trade-off theory (TOT). Co-operatives were able to absorb part of the impact of the wine crisis at the expense of their members, in increasing account payables to member. Corporations have not increased trade account payables to vine growers. In the mid-2000s, the French wine crisis has not been strong enough to shake the financial structure of co-operatives and corporations. But co-operatives look more affected. However, sales of French wines dropped a lot more in 2009 and financial data are not yet available to observe the consequences.
Effects of processed white lupin seed (Lupinus albus L.) on growth performance of japanese quail

Cette etude a ete effectuee pour determiner les effets des graines de lupin blanc, differemment traitees, sur la croissance des cailles Japonaises. Trois cent-soixante poussins de caille ont ete aleatoirement repartis en quatre lots soumis a des traitements differents les animaux sont disposes par 15 dans un parc, six parcs constituant un lot. Les graines de lupin ont ete traitees par la methode traditionnelle turque (TTM) et par l'extrusion (E) pour eliminer des alcaloides. Nos resultats montrent que les graines traitees par la methode TTM contiennent moins d'alcaloides que celles traitees par extrusion (E). Le lot temoin (C) recoit un regime sans lupin. Les autres lots ont ete nourris avec des regimes contenant 15 % de lupin non traite (R), ou traite par la methode TTM ou la methode E. L'etude a dure 6 semaines avec 3 semaines de periode de demarrage et une periode de croissance de 3 semaines. A la fin de l'experimentation, le poids des oiseaux fut, respectivement, pour les lots C, R, TTM et E : 166,79, 160,99, 166,53 et 161,58 g. Le gain moyen quotidien fut respectivement : 3,81, 3,67, 3,85 et 3,68 g. La consommation d'aliment fut respectivement : 14,87, 15,17, 15,17, 14,04 g/jour. L'efficacite moyenne de l'aliment fut : 3,87, 4,00, 3,92 et 3,71 respectivement. La conclusion est que l'apport de 15 % de lupin dans la ration, non traite ou traite (R, TTM et E) n'a aucun effet negatif sur la croissance des animaux.
Modification of Carbon Steel by Laser Surface Melting: Part II: Effect of Laser Beam Power on Microstructural Features and Surface Hardness

The surface hardness has an important effect on the wear resistance of different materials. The present study aims to improve the surface hardness of carbon steel through the application of laser surface melting with suitable conditions. The laser beam power and travelling speed are the main factors that affect the properties of the treated zone. In this study, three different conditions of laser beam power (1800, 1500 and 1200 W) at fixed travelling speed of 1000 mm min-1 were chosen to study the effect of laser beam power. The resulted laser treated specimens were investigated in macro and microscopically scale using optical and scanning electron microscope. Hardness measurements were also carried out through the thickness of the laser treated zones. The laser treated areas with all used powers results in melted and solidified zone on the surface of the steel. The laser power of 1800 W results in the deepest value of the laser treated zone (about 1.7 mm). Moreover, by increasing the laser power, the width of the treated zone was slightly increases. At areas near the free surface, large martensite plates were observed in higher laser power (1800 W), while longer acicular martensite was observed in lower laser power (1200 W). For laser power of 1800 W, the bainite structures in ferrite grains were more pronounced in larger areas and in closer areas to the free surface. On the other hand, the lower laser power shows higher hardness on the free surface than that of higher power. The sizes of Heat Affect Zone (HAZ) areas were increased by increasing the laser beam power. In all conditions, the heat affected zone areas were composed of partially decomposed pearlite in ferrite grains.
COMPARISON OF SODIUM ALGINATE VERSUS HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE AS ADHESIVE POLYMERS ON POLOXAMER BASED MELOXICAM GEL

Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the texture and release properties of two different mucoadhesive polymers; sodium alginate and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, on a poloxamer based meloxicam gel. Materials and Methods: Poloxamer 407 (26 %w/w) was dissolved in cold water with sodium alginate (0.5% w/w) or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (0.5% w/w) and meloxicam was added (0.1% w/w). Gelling temperature, texture properties, in vitro gel erosion and in vitro drug release were studied on the formulations. Results and Discussion: Even though both two formulations showed similar texture characteristics, the gel prepared with poloxamer-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose had better adhesive property than poloxamer-sodium alginate gel. Also, the in vitro release of meloxicam from poloxamerhydroxypropylmethylcellulose gel was slightly slower than poloxamer-sodium alginate, while in vitro erosion of gels were not significantly different from each other. As a conclusion; due to slower release, appropriate texture properties with a better adhesive characteristic, poloxamer-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose polymer combination was found to be promising for preparing gel formulations with meloxicam.
Solar Panel Maximum Power Transfer Increases from 63.6% to 90% by using twoSinewave Inverters with 90o phase shift

This letter shows that the theoretical efficiency at which the solar panel operates at the Maximum Power Transfer Point is only 63.6% with a single pure sine wave inverter (PWM based) and the efficiency can be increased to 90% by using two sine wave inverters with 90 degree phase shift. A 3 phase inverter can further increase the efficiency to 95.54%.
Monitoring and Warning Computerized System for a Semi-Automatic Lift-Up system of Pre-Assembled Roof Floor

Faced by a need to overcome work force shortage and vanishing skill replacement, a semi-automatic lift-up system of pre-assembled roof floor is developed by Hazama Corporation, which is one of general contractors in Japan. The semi-automatic lift-up system is able to automatically lift the pre-assembled roof floor up along with the progress of building frame construction. In addition, a monitor and warning computerized system is developed to monitor how the automatic lift-up system is working and the existing state of the pre-assembled roof floor, and to warn operators of the need of their intervention. As a testbed, these systems are applied to construct four stories steel structure building at the field of Technical Research Institute, Hazama Corporation. This testbed shows the constructability, operability and reliability of the systems when applying to an actual work site. This paper report the monitor and warning computerized system and its field evaluation and remarks.
Lagrangian mapping class groups from a group homological point of view

We focus on two kinds of infinite index subgroups of the mapping class group of a surface associated with a Lagrangian submodule of the first homology of a surface. These subgroups, called Lagrangian mapping class groups, are known to play important roles in the interaction between the mapping class group and finite-type invariants of 3‐manifolds. In this paper, we discuss these groups from a group (co)homological point of view. The results include the determination of their abelianizations, lower bounds of the second homology and remarks on the (co)homology of higher degrees. As a byproduct of this investigation, we determine the second homology of the mapping class group of a surface of genus 3. 55R40; 32G15, 57R20
A Parallel Study of the Fock Space Approach to Classical and Free Brownian Motion

The purpose of this thesis is to elaborate the similarities between classical and free probability by means of developing chaos decomposition of stochastic integrals driven by Brownian motion and its free counterparts in a parallel manner. The work focuses on constructing an apparatus that is general enough so that these similarities are apparent, yet not too general that their distinctions are completely obscured. In particular, we employ the notion of lattice paths to bring about the moment calculation of normally distributed random variables in the non-commutative probability environment; and we exploit the structure of the lattice of partition of n-elements, which underlies the relationships between stochastic integrations defined in the Itô and in the Wiener sense, to prove both classical and free chaos decomposition result.
Structure and property investigation of composite ZnO/SnO 2 nanocrystalline particles after high-pressure treatment

Composite ZnO/SnO2 nanocrystalline particles (ZnO/SnO2) were synthesized by sol-gel method and with treatment of high pressure at 6GPa. The crystallinity and the particle size of the prepared samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The results indicated that all the samples had the good crystallinity, and the particle size of ZnO and ZnO/SnO2 decreased after high-pressure treatment. The infrared (IR) spectra showed that the distance of crystal lattice was shortened after high-pressure treatment, and the size distribution became more uneven after SnO2 doping. With the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), we got some morphology information and evidence to support the IR and XRD analysis results. The results of ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectra showed that ZnO/SnO2 might improve the photocatalytic property of the samples after high-pressure treatment.
A Smart Multi-Sensor Approach to Monitoring Weak People in Indoor Environments

This paper deals with a novel system to assist weak people while exploring indoor environments. The proposed architecture is aimed to monitor the position and inertial behavior of users as well as environmental status (e.g. temperature, humidity, gases leakage, or smoke). The system is based on a Wireless Sensor Network and smart paradigms which extract relevant information from data collected through the multi-sensor architecture. The data collected are then processed to build awareness of User-Environment Interaction and User-Environment Contextualization. This knowledge is used to build information that is useful to the user for safe and efficient exploitation of the environment and to the supervisor for a suitable assessment and management of hazard situations. The paper mainly focuses on the multi-sensor system architecture and smart paradigms used to implement the User-Environment Contextualization feature.
Spatial guiding through haptic cues in omnidirectional video

Omnidirectional video’s extensive amount of visual information challenges the users to find and stay focused on the essential parts of the video. I examined how user experience was affected when haptic cues in the head area are used to guide the viewer’s gaze towards the essential parts of omnidirectional video. User experiences with different omnidirectional video types combined with haptic guiding were compared and analyzed. Other part of the research was aimed to find out how haptic and auditory modalities and their combination affected the user experience. The participants used an Oculus Rift headset to watch omnidirectional video material and two actuators were placed on their forehead to indicate if the essential part located in the left or right direction. The results of the questionnaires and the comments showed that haptic guiding was useful and effective, though it was not experienced as a necessary feature during easy to follow and slow-paced videos. The combination of haptic guiding and audio was rated the most positive use of modalities. This feature has a lot of potential to enhance user experience of omnidirectional videos. Further studies on the long-term usage of the feature are required to eliminate the novelty effect and gain a more accurate understanding of the users’ needs.
Auditor Competition, Auditor Market Share, and Audit Pricing - Evidence From a Developing Country

This paper examines the determinants of audit fees in the Chinese B share market with a focus on the growing market power of local audit firms. The study finds a relatively decreased fee premium earned by Big 4 audit firms as compared to the findings from prior research. More importantly, it is found that the two largest local audit firms earn fee premiums than other local firms after they bypass Big 4 audit firms and become the top five players in the audit market. However, the audit fees charged by these two local audit firms are still lower than the fee level of Big 4 audit firms. Overall, the findings suggest that the structural change in the Chinese audit market impact pricing strategy for both Big 4 audit firms and local audit firms. In addition to gaining market share through mergers and acquisitions, local audit firms need to focus more on improving audit quality for long term growth. The results have important implications for audit firms as well as for the Chinese standard setters.
Density forecast evaluation for dependent financial data: Theory and applications

In this paper, we propose a formal test for density forecast evaluation in presense of dependent data. Apart from accepting or rejecting the tested model, our smooth test identi es the possible sources (such as the location, scale and shape of the distribution) of rejection, thereby helping in revising the initial model. We also propose how to augment the smooth test to investigate explicit forms of dependence in the data within the same test framework. An extensive application to SP Shackleton, Taylor, Yu, 2010). There has been only a few papers, we are aware of, that directly address the question of a formal test of evaluation of density forecasts; such as Diebold, Gunther and Tay (1998), Berkowitz (2001), Hong (2001), Wallis (2003), Sarno and Valente (2004), Bai (2003), Hong and Li (2005), Yun (2014), see Corradi and Swanson (2006 a,b) for a review. The importance of density forecast evaluation cannot be overemphasized. Recent developments in risk evaluation clearly indicate that we can no longer rely on a few moments or certain regions of the distribution; very often we will need to forecast the entire distribution (Shackleton et al., 2010). Also, as demonstrated by Diebold et al. (1998) and Granger and Pesaran (2000), only when a forecast density coincides with the true data generating process, then that forecast density will be preferred by all forecast users regardless of their attitude to risk (loss function). The importance of density forecast evaluation in economics has been aptly depicted by Crnkovic and Drachman (1997, p. 47) as follows: At the heart of market risk measurement is the forecast of the probability density functions (PDFs) of the relevant market variables . a forecast of a PDF is the central input into any decision model for asset allocation and/or hedging . therefore, the quality of risk management will be considered synonymous with the quality of PDF forecasts.  Sarno and Valente (2004) suggested a test based on integrated squared di¤erence of the kernel density functions of the competing predictive density forecast models, using a norm similar to Li (1996) as discussed in Pagan and Ullah (1999, pp. 68-69). The asymptotically normal test statistic thus obtained is a natural analog of Diebold-Mariano test (Diebold and Mariano 1995) for forecast accuracy in the domain of point forecasts. The simulation results reported show attractive size and power properties with very little, if any, size distortion. The test statistic requires bootstrap replications in order to calculate its standard error, and would be unsuitable for either applications in a time series context with time-dependent parameters, or for adaptive model selection for nding the "best" model. Using Kullbeck Leibler
Modeling a second-generation glucose oxidase biosensor with statistical machine learning methods

The biosensor is an analytical compact device that embodies a biological detection element and a chemical transducer that converts the biological signal into an electrical output that is proportional to the concentration of the com pund that is desired to assess. The biosensors are high-technology monitoring tools that offer electrochemical measures in a continuous, fast and highly sensitive fashion. Their potential use in real-life applications span from medical and health tasks to environmental monitoring problems. This chapter focuses particularly on Glucose Oxidase Amperometric Biosensors (GOAB) modeling, in order to understand their dynamics and behavior by automated computerized algorithms. In this contribution, we step aside from traditional modeling techniques –mathematical equations and simulation models– by using statistical learning methods. We model the continuous amperometric response of a GOAB by means of several classic and statistical learning methods. Specifically, kernel-based regression techniques are used, such as the support vector machines, one of the best machine learning technique nowadays. We report promising experimental results on a GOAB data set, which is modeled by a non-linear regression method allowing a very low prediction error using a rather simple model of the biosensor output.
Calcium Alleviates Symptoms in Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis by Reducing the Abnormal Sodium Influx

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Muscle Contraction and Membrane Potentials 3 1.2 The Voltage Gated Sodium Channel 7 A. Electrophysiology 7 B. Structure 9 1.3 Channelopathies 15 1.4 Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis 18 A. Symptoms 20 B. Electrophysiological defects 22 C. Treatment options 24 1.5 The role and impact of Calcium 26 1.6 Hypothesis and objectives 29 CHAPTER 2: METHODS AND MATERIALS 30 2.1 – Animals 30 2.2 Genotyping 30 2.3 Single Fiber Preparation 31
Polish logical studies from an Informal Logic perspective

The paper emphasizes significant resemblances between the Informal Logic Initiative and the Lvov-Warsaw School (LWS) - the Polish philosophical movement (1895-1939), the rise of which is associated with "the Golden Age of Science and Letters". The correspondence between informal logic and the logical studies of the LWS will be explored by discussing their subject-matter, goals, and methods. The project focused on applying logical studies of the LWS in analyzing and assessing arguments will be proposed.
Design of compact planar rat‐race and branch‐line hybrid couplers using polar curves

An approach where polar curves are used to miniaturize hybrid couplers is presented. The design of such couplers can be done with the optimization of a few parameters using full‐wave analysis software. The results show similar or better electrical performance for a rat‐race and branch‐line coupler with, respectively, a 75 and 50% size reduction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2637–2640, 2015
Bird density, stress markers and growth performance in the Italian chicken breed Milanino

Summary The Milanino is an Italian chicken breed included in a conservation project run by the University of Milan. It is characterized by good fertility, heavy body weights, high adaptation ability to adverse climate conditions, and disease resistance. Because of these characteristics, the Milanino could represent an important genetic resource for alternative production systems. This research was aimed at studying the effect of bird density on growth and slaughter performance, as well as stress response in Milanino chickens kept in outdoor pens. One hundred and sixty Milanino chickens were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups kept at different densities (2 m2/bird and 8 m2/bird) and were slaughtered at 185 days of age. Growth and slaughter performance and stress condition were recorded. The interaction bird density * sex * age significantly affected body weight and an opposite trend was found between females and males: heavier females were found in the high-density group, while heavier males were found in the low-density group. Bird density did not affect carcass weight data. The stress marker (H/L ratio) was significantly higher in birds kept at the higher density (2 m2/bird). In conclusion, the Milanino provided satisfactory growth performance with different rearing density but the lower density, 8 m2/bird, should be preferred to minimize welfare problems for male birds.