Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in the timing of cardio-respiratory development determine whether marine gastropod embryos survive or die in hypoxia

ABSTRACT Physiological plasticity of early developmental stages is a key way by which organisms can survive and adapt to environmental change. We investigated developmental plasticity of aspects of the cardio-respiratory physiology of encapsulated embryos of a marine gastropod, Littorina obtusata, surviving exposure to moderate hypoxia (PO2=8 kPa) and compared the development of these survivors with that of individuals that died before hatching. Individuals surviving hypoxia exhibited a slower rate of development and altered ontogeny of cardio-respiratory structure and function compared with normoxic controls (PO2>20 kPa). The onset and development of the larval and adult hearts were delayed in chronological time in hypoxia, but both organs appeared earlier in developmental time and cardiac activity rates were greater. The velum, a transient, ‘larval’ organ thought to play a role in gas exchange, was larger in hypoxia but developed more slowly (in chronological time), and velar cilia-driven, rotational activity was lower. Despite these effects of hypoxia, 38% of individuals survived to hatching. Compared with those embryos that died during development, these surviving embryos had advanced expression of adult structures, i.e. a significantly earlier occurrence and greater activity of their adult heart and larger shells. In contrast, embryos that died retained larval cardio-respiratory features (the velum and larval heart) for longer in chronological time. Surviving embryos came from eggs with significantly higher albumen provisioning than those that died, suggesting an energetic component for advanced development of adult traits. Summary: The timing of cardio-respiratory development in the marine gastropod Littorina obtusata is crucial for determining whether embryos survive hypoxia; individuals that develop their adult cardiovascular system early survive low oxygen conditions.
Buccal Fat Pad as a Potential Source of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Review

Adipose tissues hold great promise in bone tissue engineering since they are available in large quantities as a waste material. The buccal fat pad (BFP) is a specialized adipose tissue that is easy to harvest and contains a rich blood supply, and its harvesting causes low complications for patients. This review focuses on the characteristics and osteogenic capability of stem cells derived from BFP as a valuable cell source for bone tissue engineering. An electronic search was performed on all in vitro and in vivo studies that used stem cells from BFP for the purpose of bone tissue engineering from 2010 until 2016. This review was organized according to the PRISMA statement. Adipose-derived stem cells derived from BFP (BFPSCs) were compared with adipose tissues from other parts of the body (AdSCs). Moreover, the osteogenic capability of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT) derived from BFP (BFP-DFAT) has been reported in comparison with BFPSCs. BFP is an easily accessible source of stem cells that can be obtained via the oral cavity without injury to the external body surface. Comparing BFPSCs with AdSCs indicated similar cell yield, morphology, and multilineage differentiation. However, BFPSCs proliferate faster and are more prone to producing colonies than AdSCs.
Implicit Visual Analysis in Handedness Recognition

In the present study, we addressed the problem of whether hand representations, derived from the control of hand gesture, are used in handedness recognition. Pictures of hands and fingers, assuming either common or uncommon postures, were presented to right-handed subjects, who were required to judge their handedness. In agreement with previous results (Parsons, 1987, 1994; Gentilucci, Daprati, & Gangitano, 1998), subjects recognized handedness through mental movement of their own hand in order to match the posture of the presented hand. This was proved by a control experiment of physical matching. The new finding was that presentation of common finger postures affected responses differently from presentation of less common finger postures. These effects could be not attributed to mental matching movements nor related to richness in hand-finger cues useful for handedness recognition. The results of the present study are discussed in the context of the notion that implicit visual analysis of the presented hands is performed before mental movement of one's hand takes place (Parsons, 1987; Gentilucci et al., 1998). In this process, hand representation acquired by experience in the control and observation of one's and other people's hand gestures is used. We propose that such an immediate recognition mechanism belongs to the class of mental processes which are grouped under the name of intuition, that is, the processes by which situations or people's intentions are immediately understood, without conscious reasoning.
Adaptation genomics: next generation sequencing reveals a shared haplotype for rapid early development in geographically and genetically distant populations of rainbow trout

Local adaptation occurs when a population evolves a phenotype that confers a selective advantage in its local environment, but which may not be advantageous in other habitats. Restricted gene flow and strong selection pressures are prerequisites for local adaptation. Fishes in the family Salmonidae are predicted to provide numerous examples of local adaptation because of the high fidelity of returning to spawn in their natal streams, which results in highly structured populations, and the wide diversity of environments that salmonids have colonized. These conditions are ideally suited for producing a set of specialist phenotypes, whose fitness is maximized for one specific habitat, rather than a generalist phenotype similarly viable in several environments. Understanding patterns and processes leading to local adaptations has long been a goal of evolutionary biology, but it is only recently that identifying the molecular basis for local adaptation has become feasible because of advances in genomic technologies. The study of shared adaptive phenotypes in populations that are both geographically distant and genetically distinct should reveal some of the fundamental molecular mechanisms associated with local adaptation. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Miller et al. (2012) make a significant contribution to the development of adaptation genomics. This study suggests that salmonids use standing genetic variation to select beneficial alleles for local adaptations rather than de novo mutations in the same gene or alternative physiological pathways. Identifying the genetic basis for local adaptation has major implications for the management, conservation and potential restoration of salmonid populations.
An Improved Wyner-Ziv Video Coding for Sensor Network

Wyner-Ziv video coding is a new compression paradigm based on two key Information Theory results: the Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv theorems. It shifts the complexity to the decoder, resulting in a low- complexity encoder suitable for mobile video communications and visual sensor networks. This paper presents an improved Wyner-Ziv video coding scheme for sensor network. An improved key frame encoding method based on the correlation noise model (CNM) is proposed, and then a 3DRS-assisted motion estimation algorithm and AOBMC technique are used to improve the rate-distortion performance of the codec. The results show that our coding scheme can achieve 2-4 dB gain compared to state-of-the-art TDWZ codec and be deployed over a real visual sensor platform.
Duration of untreated psychosis and clinical outcomes of first-episode schizophrenia: a 4-year follow-up study

Background The relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis and long-term clinical outcomes remains uncertain. Objective Prospectively assess the relationship of the duration of untreated psychosis on clinical outcomes in a sample of individuals with first-onset schizophrenia treated at the Pudong Mental Health Center from January 2007 to December 2008. Methods Information about general health, psychotic symptoms and social functioning were collected using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS), Morningside Rehabilitation Status Scale (MRSS), and Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) at baseline and in June 2010 and June 2012. Results The 43 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia participating in the study were divided into short (<24 weeks) and long (>24weeks) duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) groups. The mean (sd) duration of follow-up was 1197 (401) days in the short DUP group and 1412 (306) days in the long DUP group (t=9.98, p=0.055). Despite less prominent psychotic symptoms at the time of first diagnosis among patients who had a long DUP compared to those with a short DUP (BPRS mean scores, 42.5 [8.4] v. 50.0 [10.6], t=2.42, p=0.0210) and a similar number of clinical relapses (based on positive symptoms assessed by the BPRS), patients with a long DUP were more likely to require hospitalization at the time of first diagnosis (52% [11/21] v. 9% [2/22], χ2=9.55, p=0.002) and more likely to require re-hospitalization during the first two years of treatment (67% [14/21] v. 32% [7/22], χ2=5.22, p=0.022). Moreover, after four years of routine treatment, despite a similar severity of positive symptoms, patients who had had a long DUP prior to initiating treatment had significantly poorer social functioning than those who had had a short DUP (SDSS mean scores, 7.0 [5.2] v. 3.4 [4.9], t=2.20, p=0.035). Conclusions These findings show that despite having a similar level of psychotic symptoms – as measured by the BPRS – compared to patients with a short DUP, patients with schizophrenia who have a long DUP prior to initial treatment have poorer long-term social functioning. This confirms the clinical importance of the early recognition and treatment of individuals with chronic psychotic conditions.
Computational basis of knowledge‐based conformational probabilities derived from local‐ and long‐range interactions in proteins

The probabilities of the various basins in Ramachandran maps are examined critically. The theoretical basis of probability calculations both from molecular computations and from protein libraries are discussed. The well‐defined basins of the Ramachandran maps are treated as rotational isomeric states. Statistical independence and dependence of the states of different residues along the peptide chain are discussed. The Flory isolated pair hypothesis, near neighbor correlations, context effects, and long‐range correlations are examined critically. A method of evaluating long‐range correlations in helical and extended sequences is introduced in analogy with earlier polymer theory. Three different protein libraries are constructed where data is considered from residues in the (i) coiled regions, (ii) all regions, and (iii) only the helical and extended regions of proteins. Singlet and pairwise dependent probabilities calculated from these libraries are used to predict whether a given sequence is helical or extended. Predictions using pairwise dependence were not better than those using singlet probabilities. Modeling of long‐range correlations improved the predictions significantly. Removal of the Chameleon sequences from the data set also improved the predictions, but to a lesser extent. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of subdomain modeling techniques in electrical machines: Performances and applications

This paper reviews the recent developments of semi-analytical subdomains modeling techniques to compute the flux density distribution in electrical machines by the exact solving of Maxwell equations. It is shown that with an appropriate development methodology and numerical implementation, these harmonic models break the traditional compromise between accuracy and computation time that must be done using finite element or other analytical methods. Besides that, subdomains model development techniques have improved to overcome its topological limitations This fact is demonstrated on three different subdomains models in comparison with finite element methods in terms of accuracy and processing time. The first one is a subdomains model of a surface permanent-magnet synchronous machine, the second one is for an inset permanent-magnet synchronous machine, and the third one is for a squirrel-cage induction machine. Thanks to an efficient implementation method, a very low computation time is obtained. The robustness of the subdomains on the geometrical assumptions is also demonstrated.
The Association of PI 3 Kinase Signaling and Chemoresistance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Evidence that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is deregulated in ovarian cancer is largely based on the analysis of surgical specimens sampled at diagnosis and may not reflect the biology of advanced ovarian cancer. We aimed to investigate PI3K signaling in cancer cells isolated from patients with advanced ovarian cancer.Ascites sampleswere analyzed from88patients, ofwhom61 received further treatment.Cancer cells were immunomagnetically separated from ascites, and the signaling output of the PI3K pathway was studied by quantifying p-AKT, p-p70S6K, and p-GSK3b by ELISA. Relevant oncogenes, such as PIK3CA and AKT, were sequenced by PCR-amplifiedmass spectroscopy detectionmethods. In addition,PIK3CA andAKT2 amplifications and PTEN deletions were analyzed by FISH. p-p70S6K levels were significantly higher in cells from37 of 61 patientswhodid not respond to subsequent chemotherapy (0.7184 vs. 0.3496;P1⁄4 0.0100), and this difference was greater in patients who had not received previous chemotherapy. PIK3CA and AKTmutations were present in 5% and 0% of samples, respectively. Amplification of PIK3CA andAKT2 and deletion of PTEN was seen in 10%, 10%, and 27% of samples, respectively. Mutations of PIK3CA and amplification of PIK3CA/ AKT2 or deletion of PTEN did not correlate with levels of p-AKT, p-p70S6K, and p-GSK3b. In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, there is an association between levels of p-p70S6K and response to subsequent chemotherapy. There is no clear evidence that this is driven specifically by PIK3CA or AKT mutations or by amplifications or deletion of PTEN. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1609–17. 2012 AACR.
ATP-dependent potassium channels as a key target for the treatment of myocardial and vascular dysfunction

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this review is to highlight the most recent and interesting articles on the physiologic properties and functions of ATP-dependent potassium channels in the cardiovascular system and on the role of the potassium channel openers for the treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction. Recent findingsThe initial efforts in the development of potassium channel openers focused on the management of systemic hypertension. Lately, the range of possible indications for potassium channel openers has increased to include pulmonary hypertension and stable angina pectoris. The discovery of a connection between the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels and the phenomenon of cardiac preconditioning created potential new uses for potassium channel openers in myocardial ischemia, inn unstable angina, in preoperative and perioperative settings, and for the preservation of organs for transplant. SummaryThe most recent data on the physiologic roles of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels and the pharmacology of potassium channel openers in the cardiovascular system are summarized and discussed. Finally, the effects of potassium channel opener drugs including minoxidil, nicorandil, pinacidil, bimakalin, and levosimendan, a dual-action potassium channel opener and calcium sensitizer with inodilator and cardioprotective activity, are discussed.
SLAM for Humanoid Multi-Robot Active Cooperation Based on Relative Observation

The simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of robot in the complex environment is a fundamental research topic for service robots. This paper presents a new humanoid multi-robot SLAM mechanism that allows robots to collaborate and localize each other in their own SLAM process. Each robot has two switchable modes: independent mode and collaborative mode. Each robot can respond to the requests of other robots and participate in chained localization of the target robot under the leadership of the organiser. We aslo discuss how to find the solution of optimal strategy for chained localization. This mechanism can improve the performance of bundle adjustment at the global level, especially when the image features are few or the results of closed loop are not ideal. The simulation results show that this method has a great effect on improving the accuracy of multi-robot localization and the efficiency of 3D mapping.
CrowdPickUp

We develop and evaluate a new ubiquitous crowdsourcing platform called CrowdPickUp, that combines the advantages of mobile and situated crowdsourcing to overcome their respective limitations. In a 19-day long field study with 70 participants, we evaluate the quality of work that CrowdPickUp produces. In particular, we measure quality in terms of worker performance in a variety of tasks (requiring local knowledge, location-based, general) while using a number of different quality control mechanisms, and also capture workers’ perceptions of the platform. Our findings show that workers of CrowdPickUp contributed data of comparable quality to previously presented crowdsourcing deployments while at the same time allowing for a wide breadth of tasks to be deployed. Finally, we offer insights towards the continued exploration of this research agenda.
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis 1 , 2

Background: Knee osteoarthritis causes functional limitation and disability in the elderly. Vitamin D has biological functions on multiple knee joint structures and can play important roles in the progression of knee osteoarthritis. The metabolism of vitamin D is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH). Objective: The objective was to investigate whether serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH, individually and jointly, predict the progression of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were measured at the 30or 36-mo visit in 418 participants enrolled in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) who had $1 knee with both symptomatic and radiographic osteoarthritis. Progression of knee osteoarthritis was defined as any increase in the radiographic joint space narrowing (JSN) score between the 24and
c-Myc Is Glycosylated at Threonine 58, a Known Phosphorylation Site and a Mutational Hot Spot in Lymphomas (*)

c-Myc is a helix-loop-helix leucine zipper phosphoprotein that heterodimerizes with Max and regulates gene transcription in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death. Previously, we demonstrated that c-Myc is modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) within or nearby the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain (Chou, T.-Y., Dang, C. V., and Hart, G. W.(1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 4417-4421). In this paper, we identified the O-GlcNAc attachment site(s) on c-Myc. c-Myc purified from sf9 insect cells was trypsinized, and its GlcNAc moieties were enzymically labeled with [3H]galactose. The [3H]galactose-labeled glycopeptides were isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and then subjected to gas-phase sequencing, manual Edman degradation, and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. These analyses show that threonine 58, an in vivo phosphorylation site in the transactivation domain, is the major O-GlcNAc glycosylation site of c-Myc. Mutation of threonine 58, frequently found in retroviral v-Myc proteins and in human Burkitt and AIDS-related lymphomas, is associated with enhanced transforming activity and tumorigenicity. The reciprocal glycosylation and phosphorylation at this biologically significant amino acid residue may play an important role in the regulation of the functions of c-Myc.
A review of dosimetry used in epidemiological studies considered to evaluate the linear no-threshold (LNT) dose-response model for radiation protection

Abstract Background: Accurate dosimetry is key to deriving the dose response from radiation exposure in an epidemiological study. It becomes increasingly important to estimate dose as accurately as possible when evaluating low dose and low dose rate as the calculation of excess relative risk per Gray (ERR/Gy) is very sensitive to the number of excess cancers observed, and this can lead to significant errors if the dosimetry is of poor quality. By including an analysis of the dosimetry, we gain a far better appreciation of the robustness of the work from the standpoint of its value in supporting the shape of the dose response curve at low doses and low dose rates. This article summarizes a review of dosimetry supporting epidemiological studies currently being considered for a re-evaluation of the linear no-threshold assumption as a basis for radiation protection. The dosimetry for each study was evaluated based on important attributes from a dosimetry perspective. Our dosimetry review consisted of dosimetry supporting epidemiological studies published in the literature during the past 15 years. Based on our review, it is clear there is wide variation in the quality of the dosimetry underlying each study. Every study has strengths and weaknesses. The article describes the results of our review, explaining which studies clearly stand out for their strengths as well as common weaknesses among all investigations. Purpose: To summarize a review of dosimetry used in epidemiological studies being considered by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) in an evaluation of the linear no-threshold dose-response model that underpins the current framework of radiation protection. Materials and methods: The authors evaluated each study using criteria considered important from a dosimetry perspective. The dosimetry analysis was divided into the following categories: (1) general study characteristics, (2) dose assignment, (3) uncertainty, (4) dose confounders (5) dose validation, and (6) strengths and weaknesses of the dosimetry. Our review focused on approximately 20 studies published in the literature primarily during the past 15 years. Results: Based on the review, it is clear there is wide variation in the quality of the dosimetry underlying each study. Every study has strengths and weaknesses. This paper describes the results of our review, identifies common weaknesses among all investigations, and recognizes studies that clearly stand out for their overall strengths. Conclusions: The paper concludes by offering recommendations to investigators on possible ways in which dosimetry could be improved in future epidemiological studies.