Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROMPT GAMMA ACTIVATION IMAGING ON 'BLACK BOXES' IN THE 'ANCIENT CHARM' PROJECT

The aim of the ‘Ancient Charm’ project is to combine Neutron Tomography (NT), Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA), Time-of-flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF-ND), Neutron Resonance Capture Analysis (NRCA) and Neutron Resonance Transmission (NRT) in order to generate 3D images of the elemental and phase compositions of complex museum objects. For the development and benchmark of the combined methods, complex test samples, so called ‘black boxes’, were constructed and then analysed by the different techniques. These test objects are sealed iron or aluminium-walled cubes of 40 and 50 mm edge lengths, respectively, containing 2D or 3D arrangements of materials relevant to the compositions of archaeological samples. The Prompt Gamma Activation Imaging (PGAI) is a new terminology – introduced in the AC project – for determining the compositions of small volumes within the sample by scanning. The experimental results obtained from PGAI on boxes investigated at Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC, Hungary) are reported. Kivonat Az EU FP6 Ancient Charm projekt fő celkitűzese osszetett, ertekes műtargyak elemeloszlasanak, fazisszerkezetenek haromdimenzios, roncsolasmentes felterkepezese neutronos analitikai modszerek kombinalasaval: neutrontomografia (NT), prompt-gamma aktivacios analizis (PGAA), repulesiidő neutrondiffrakcio, neutron-rezonanciabefogas analizis (NRCA) es neutron-rezonanciatranszmisszio (NRT). A kombinalt modszerek fejlesztesehez es tesztelesehez un. fekete dobozok keszultek, amelyek vas ill. aluminium falu probatestek, belsejukben regeszeti szempontbol fontosnak tartott anyagok komplex elrendezesevel. A prompt-gamma aktivacios lekepezes (PGAI) egy uj terminologia; olyan 3D-s elemosszetetel vizsgalatot jelent, amelynek soran keskeny neutronnyalabbal a minta kis terfogategysegeit lepesenkent elemezzuk. Jelen cikk a Budapesti Neutron Centrumban a fekete dobozokon vegzett PGAI vizsgalatok eredmenyeit mutatja be.
(54) Title: VACCINES COMPRISING NON-SPECIFIC NUCLEOSIDE HYDROLASE AND STEROL 24-C-METHYL- TRANSFERASE (SMT) POLYPEPTIDES FOR THE TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF LEISHMANIASIS

(51) International Patent Classification: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, A61K 39/008 (2006.01) C12N 15/62 (2006.01) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, C07K 14/44 (2006.01) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (21) International Application Number: RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, PCT/US201 1/059600 TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, (22) International Filing Date: ZM, ZW. 7 November 20 11 (07.1 1.201 1) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (25) Filing Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (26) Publication Language: English UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD,
The Heli-CASE of the Missing WRN Gene

Summary Werner Syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by genomic instability, accelerated telomere shortening, and premature aging. Also, Werner Syndrome patients experience increased cancer rates, believed to be directly related to the lack of interaction between the WRN gene and tumor suppressor gene p53. The WRN gene consists of three identical molecules and has both exonuclease and helicase activity, which work together in opposite directions. WRN has been shown to stimulate polymerase β, needed in DNA repair. WRN helicase activity can also bind and degrade G-quadruplexes, which inhibit transcription. Studies show that the tumor suppressor gene p53 co-localizes with WRN during the S phase, inhibiting the exonuclease activity of WRN, and dulling WRN’s helicase ability to unwind Holliday Junctions; thus, revealing the regulation of WRN function by p53 is important for genomic stability. WRN also interacts with TRF2. TRF2 binds to DNA, attracts WRN, and stimulates the folding over of the 3’ overhang of telomeres. Absence of WRN leads to telomere loss and chromosomal fusion which lead to genome instability, accumulation of mutations, and thus cancer. The lack of WRN leads to premature senescence and exhibition of clinical symptoms of aging, even though 91% of RNA pol II transcription genes are expressed similarly to normal aging cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize current literature concerning the molecular pathways of Werner Syndrome
THE NEW DIVIDED CITY: CHANGING PATTERNS IN EUROPEAN CITIES

Over the last 20 years there has been a vigorous discussion of evidence related to new and more intense social and spatial divisions within European cities. These contributions have identified social and spatial polarisation associated with globalisation, deindustrialisation and the increasing income inequalities arising from these. However, various 'moderating' factors were identified to explain why different outcomes were emerging in European cities than in their American counterparts. In this context much of the literature has focused on types of national welfare state and as these arrangements have come under pressure across Europe it may be expected that differences from the USA may decline. However there are other literatures that, rather than emphasising the importance of national welfare states, refer to the stronger interventionist traditions of European governments and the distinctive characteristics of European cities. Differences in these dimensions within Europe - including those related to urban planning and decommodified housing - do not correlate with typologies of national welfare states and suggest continuing divergence within Europe and between Europe and the USA. Working within this framework, this introduction to a special issue argues that although European welfare states have weakened, other factors continue to sustain differences between European and American cities. When looking at newly emerging spatial patterns, the major economic and political changes experienced in countries in Central and Eastern Europe are important in explaining why these countries often show causes and effects that differ from their counterparts in Western Europe. Copyright (c) 2009 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.
Challenge of mitigating bank frauds by judicious mix of technology: experience of a developing country

Banks are the engines that drive the operations in the financial sector, money markets and growth of an economy. With the rapidly growing banking industry in India, frauds in banks are also increasing fast, and fraudsters have started using innovative methods. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2013-14 among 345 bank employees to know their perception towards bank frauds, degree of their compliance level, and integration of technology to detect, control and prevent frauds. This study provides discussion of the attitudes, strategies, and the technology that bank specialists will need to combat frauds. Banks that can leverage advances in technology and analytics to improve fraud prevention will reduce their fraud losses. In 2015, the RBI introduced new mechanisms for banks to check loan frauds by taking pro-active steps by setting up a Central Fraud Registry, introduced the concept of Red Flagged Account, and Indian investigative agencies will soon start sharing their databases with banks.
Hedgehog subwavelength hole arrays: control over the THz enhanced transmission

By backing or sandwiching a holey metal layer with or between isotropic dielectric slabs, additional peaks of transmission within the long-wavelength regime arise as a result of the induced transverse magnetic (TM) or transverse electric (TE) grounded dielectric modes. A similar control of the complex surface wave modes, and thus of the extraordinary transmission (ET) peaks, is demonstrated here via anisotropic slabs in the form of a fakir's bed of nails. However, it is shown that those ET peaks formed from TE modes are suppressed because of the inherent dispersion characteristics of the free-standing grounded pins. This allows the red-shifting of the ET for the polarization parallel to the larger in-plane period of the hole array, but unlike the dielectric isotropic slab configuration, the orthogonal polarization remains inhibited.
On comparison of SAS codes with GLM and MIXED for the crossover studies with QT interval data

The structural complexity of crossover studies for bioequivalence test confuses analysts and leaves them a hard choice among various programs. Our study reviews PROC GLM and PROC MIXED in SAS and compares widely used SAS codes for crossover studies. PROC MIXED based on REML is more recommended since it provides best linear unbiased estimator of the random between-subject effects and its variance. Our study also considers the covariance structure within subject over period which most PK/PD studies and crossover studies ignore. The QT interval data after the administra tion of moxifloxacin for a fixed time point are analyzed for the comparison of representative SAS codes for crossover studies.
Experiments of a Novel Magnetic Levitation Stage for Wide Area Movements

In this paper, a novel planar type magnetic levitation system without other assistant devices is proposed and it can move with 6 degree of freedom (X, Y, Z, θX, θY, θZ) in wafer size as well as in nano scale positioning.The mover is composed with 2-D Halbach permanent magnet array and the stator is composed with 10 x 10 coil arrays.It was composed in laboratory and tested with short stroke (4 [㎜]) and long stroke (160 [mm])movements. The errors of short movement test is [X, Y, Z, θX, θY, θZ]≤ [±200㎚, ±200㎚, ±250㎚, ±3urad, ±2urad, ±1urad]The errors of long stroke movement test is [X, Y, Z, θX, θY, θZ]≤ [±200㎚, ±200㎚, ±250㎚, ±1.5urad, ±2urad, ±0.5urad].
Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs

In this perspective article, some of the latest paper and fiber-based bio-analytical platforms are summarized, along with their fabrication strategies, the processing behind the product development, and the embedded systems in which paper or fiber materials were integrated. The article also reviews bio-recognition applications of paper/fiber-based devices, the detected analytes of interest, applied detection techniques, the related evaluation parameters, the type and duration of the assays, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Moreover, some of the existing challenges of utilizing paper and/or fiber materials are discussed. These include control over the physical characteristics (porosity, permeability, wettability) and the chemical properties (surface functionality) of paper/fiber materials are discussed. Other aspects of the review focus on shelf life, the multi-functionality of the platforms, readout strategies, and other challenges that have to be addressed in order to obtain reliable detection outcomes.
The Political Economy of the Budget Process in the Andean Region: The Case of Venezuela

This study presents the case of Venezuela. The report describes the main actors (formal and informal) involved in the budget-making process, and presents evidence regarding the main political and economic determinants of fiscal performance. It also discusses whether different political and institutional arrangements governing the budget process affect incentives for the composition of the budget.
Investigation of Both Drought Stress and In Vitro Culture Conditions Induced Epigenetic Alteration in Genetically Pure Bread Wheat Line Derived from Pehlivan Cultivar

Bu çalışmada; Pehlivan ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşidinden elde edilen katlanmış haploid buğday hattının olgun embriyoları, kuraklık stresi teşvik ortamında (MS + 0.1 mgL-1 2.4-D + farklı derişimlerde PEG 6000 (0, 10, 20, 40 ve 60 gL-1)) 28 gün boyunca kültüre alınmıştır. Kuraklık stresinin rejenere olan bitkiler üzerine etkileri ve kuraklık stresi uygulaması ve in vitro kültür koşulları nedeniyle oluşan metilasyon değişiklikleri metilasyona duyarlı restriksiyon enzimi (MspI ve HpaII) kesimi ile Inter-retrotransposon Amplified Polimorfizmi (IRAP) tekniklerinin kombinasyonu ile 28 günlük kontrol ve stres uygulanan bitkilerde araştırılmıştır. Kuraklık stresi uygulaması rejenere olan embryoların ortalama bitki yüksekliğini ve taze ağırlığını kontrole göre azaltmıştır. Metilasyona duyarlı restriksiyon enzim kesimi ve IRAP tekniklerinin kombinasyonu ile kontrol ve kuraklık stresi uygulanmış deney grupları arasında %90’lık bir polimorfizm oranı ile 0.6’lık bir epigenetik benzerlik elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, iki kontrol grubu arasındaki epigenetik benzerlik oranı da 0.733 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; hem in vitro kültür ortamının hem de in vitro ortamda kuraklık stresi uygulamasının oluşturduğu metilasyon değişikliklerini incelemek için genetik olarak saf hatların kullanımı ile daha doğru sonuçlar elde edilebilmiştir.
Head and Neck Cancer Therapy from Bench to Bedside

Nowadays treatment of laryngeal and hypopharyngel cancer is not defined only by surgical resection. Multimodality treatment approach is considered the best approach for patients. Currently treatment includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. The goal with combination treatment approach is to preserve organ and function. In the past years unfortunately we had to deal with mutilating and function destroying treatment. In the past 25 years, evidences from large randomized trials presented data that organ preservation studies using sequential and concomitant radio-chemotherapy do not compromise survival when compared with surgery followed by radiotherapy. The side effects from multimodality treatment approach has to take into account and the final goal has to be not only organ preservation but also function preservation. In the current review we focus on the most common treatment options. We conclude that there is an urgent need to refine the definition of a functional organ and to refine recommendations for evaluating treatment response.
Markets in Higher Education: Can We Still Learn from Economics' Founding Fathers? Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.4.06.

Markets or market-like mechanisms are playing an increasing role in higher education, with visible consequences both for the regulation of higher education systems as a whole, as well as for the governance mechanisms of individual institutions. This article traces the history of economists’ views on the role of education, from Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Alfred Marshall, and Milton Friedman, to present-day debates about the relevance of market economies to higher education policy. Recent developments in higher education policy reflect both the rising strength of market mechanisms in higher education worldwide, and a certain ambivalence about these developments. The author argues that despite the peculiarities of the higher education sector, economic theory can be a very useful tool for the analysis of the current state of higher education systems and recent trends in higher education policy.
An Evaluation of TRACE-P Emission Inventories From China Using a Regional Model and Chemical Measurements At a Rural Site in China

[1] We evaluate the TRACE-P emission inventories for gaseous and particulate pollutants from East Asia using chemical measurements made at a rural site in China during the China-MAP Field Intensive in conjunction with a coupled regional climate/chemical transport modeling system. Time-dependent, three-dimensional fields for trace gas and particulate matter concentrations over East Asia are simulated by an updated version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) driven by the TRACE-P emission inventories along with meteorology fields calculated by the NCAR Regional Climate Model (RegCM) for the month of November 1999. Model-calculated SO2 is in good agreement with measurements, while CO and particulate carbon (PC) are significantly smaller, and particulate sulfate (SO4� ) is somewhat smaller. Our calculations suggest that increases in the TRACE-P emission inventory of CO by � 50% and PC by 60–90% would bring the model-calculated CO, PC, and particulate sulfate concentration into agreement with the China-MAP observations. If these increases were spread uniformly throughout China and the year, it would require that there be additional emissions in China of CO and PC of 60 Tg yr � 1 and 2.5–4 Tg yr � 1 , respectively. Further analysis of high resolution gas species measurements suggests that the missing CO emissions are likely to be associated with SO2 emissions from coal burning. This in turn suggests that coal-burning facilities in China are operating at significantly lower efficiencies than currently assumed. INDEX TERMS: 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; KEYWORDS: anthropogenic emissions, East Asia, regional modeling
Crack path dependence on inhomogeneities of material microstructure

Crack trajectories under different loading conditions and material microstructural features play an important role when the conditions of crack initiation and crack growth under fatigue loading have to be evaluated. Unavoidable inhomogeneities in the material microstructure tend to affect the crack propagation pattern, especially in the short crack regime. Several crack extension criteria have been proposed in the past decades to describe crack paths under mixed mode loading conditions. In the present paper, both the Sih criterion (maximum principal stress criterion) and the R-criterion (minimum extension of the core plastic zone) are adopted in order to predict the crack path at the microscopic scale level by taking into account microstress fluctuations due to material inhomogeneities. Even in the simple case of an elastic behaviour under uniaxial remote stress, microstress field is multiaxial and highly non-uniform. It is herein shown a strong dependence of the crack path on the material microstructure in the short crack regime, while the microstructure of the material does not influence the crack trajectory for relatively long cracks.
Examining Changing Attitudes in Secondary School Science

This study, carried out in England, examined the variation of attitudes towards science over the first three years of secondary schooling and with gender. The study in question was part of an evaluation of the “Lab in a Lorry” project, and involved 932 pupils completing a pre‐measure questionnaire containing items looking at six separate attitude constructs. From these data, two main patterns emerged; pupils’ attitudes towards science declined as they progressed through secondary school, and this decline was more pronounced for female pupils. These conclusions are largely in agreement with previous studies in this field. However, in examining separate attitude constructs, we were also able to identify that the sharpest decline occurred specifically for pupils’ attitude towards learning science in school. Furthermore, using linear regression, we identified that, as pupils progress through school, this construct becomes a greater influence on attitudes towards future participation in science. Therefore, we also concluded that learning science in school is a particular area that needs to be concentrated upon, if we are to improve children’s attitudes towards science. In the final part of the paper, we drew on interview data obtained from 44 pupils involved in the Lab in a Lorry study. Pupils’ comments in these interviews provided further insight into why pupils are “switched off” by school science. We drew out the most prevalent themes that emerged in the interviews, in order to provide further insight into why pupils do not enjoy science in school.
Very low bit rate object based image compression using nonlinear geometric transforms

The field of image compression is concerned with removing the spatial and temporal redundancies present in an image sequence to more efficiently and concisely store and transmit the information. Traditional methods rely on waveform or transform coding to reduce the spatial correlation and block based motion compensation to reduce the temporal correlation in an image sequence. To achieve the significant reduction in bandwidth needed for the next generation of technology, more sophisticated models utilizing the structure inherent in an image sequence are required. This research proposes a general image compression algorithm based on representing the motion of the objects within a sequence with nonlinear geometric transforms. A version of the original image sequence is reconstructed by interpolating the motion of each of the objects individually between the end frames using nonlinear geometric transforms and appropriately compositing these layers. The main components of the compressed image sequence are the still image end frames, the alpha maps of each object in each of the end frames, and the control meshes specifying the correspondence of key points of the objects in the end frames. An encoder and decoder are implemented to test this approach. Descriptions of the encoder and decoder and the algorithms devised to compress the components of the bitstream are provided along with the results from three test sequences and an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of this technique. This algorithm resulted in each of the test sequences being represented at approximately 100 kilobits per second. Thesis Supervisor: E. H. Adelson Title: Professor, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Dose dependent effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on cauda epididymal spermatozoa of albino rats

SUMMARY An attempt has been made to assess whether the dose dependent effect of benzene extract ofOcimum sanctum leaves on the morphological changes in the cauda epididymal spermatozoa andsperm parameters in male albino rats. Scanning Electron Microscope observations illustrate thedisturbance in plasma membrane as well as acrosomal membrane. Most of the sperms appearmorphologically abnormal in the mid region of the tail; there is formation of balloon likecytoplasmic droplet. Sperm parametric study exhibits decrease in the total sperm count, spermmotility, forward velocity and increase in the percentage of abnormal sperms in dose dependentmanner on treatment benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves. The results suggest that theeffects may have resulted from a general disturbance in the proteins and alteration in caudaepididymal milieu probably due to androgen deficiency consequent upon antiandrogenicproperty of Ocimum sanctum leaves.Key words: Ocimum sanctum; Cauda epididymis; Spermatozoa; Scanning Electron Microscope;Albino rats