Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Central Asia’s Changing Climate: How Temperature and Precipitation Have Changed across Time, Space, and Altitude

Changes in climate can be favorable as well as detrimental for natural and anthropogenic systems. Temperatures in Central Asia have risen significantly within the last decades whereas mean precipitation remains almost unchanged. However, climatic trends can vary greatly between different subregions, across altitudinal levels, and within seasons. Investigating in the seasonally and spatially differentiated trend characteristics amplifies the knowledge of regional climate change and fosters the understanding of potential impacts on social, ecological, and natural systems. Considering the known limitations of available climate data in this region, this study combines both high-resolution and long-term records to achieve the best possible results. Temperature and precipitation data were analyzed using Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS 4.01 and NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43. To study long-term trends and low-frequency variations, we performed a linear trend analysis and compiled anomaly time series and regional grid-based trend maps. The results show a strong increase in temperature, almost uniform across the topographically complex study site, with particular maxima in winter and spring. Precipitation depicts minor positive trends, except for spring when precipitation is decreasing. Expected differences in the development of temperature and precipitation between mountain areas and plains could not be detected.
Relative productivity of hatchery pink salmon in a natural stream NPRB project 1619

Private non-profit hatcheries in Alaska release 1.8B juvenile salmon annually, mostly Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound (PWS) and Chum Salmon (O. keta) in Southeast Alaska. Concerns that hatchery-produced fish may impact the productivity and sustainability of wild Alaskan salmon have been raised due to the scale of hatchery programs, documented straying of hatchery salmon, and studies of the impacts of hatchery salmon in other species and areas. Herein we present initial results where genetic parentage analysis was used to estimate the relative reproductive success (RRS) of stray hatchery-origin versus natural-origin Pink Salmon in one stream (Hogan Bay, PWS) for one generation in both oddand even-year lineages. We produced parentage assignments for 48 offspring from the odd lineage and 451 offspring from the even lineage by genotyping 7,941 fish collected in 2013–2016 at 298 single nucleotide polymorphism amplicons. Reproductive success, measured as return to the spawning grounds, was significantly lower for hatchery-origin versus naturalorigin fish from both lineages. Hatchery-origin females were significantly less productive than naturalorigin females for both lineages, but male hatchery fish were significantly less productive only in the odd-lineage. However, the small number of offspring assignments for the odd-lineage reduces robustness of interpretation. These results are the first in a series of RRS analyses under the Alaska Hatchery Research Program. Future work in PWS will include analysis of additional samples from Hogan Bay, provide replicate analyses in four more streams, include samples from 2017–2019, investigate RRS in different mating combinations between naturaland hatchery-origin fish, and explore multigenerational effects.
Ordinary points mod p of GLn(ℝ)-locally
symmetric spaces

Locally symmetric spaces for GLn(R) parametrize polarized complex Abelian varieties with real structure (anti-holomorphic involution). This paper introduces a mod p analog. The authors define an “anti-holomorphic” involution (or “real structure”) on an ordinary Abelian variety (defined over a finite field k) to be an involution of the associated Deligne module (T,F,V) that exchanges F (the Frobenius) with V (the Verschiebung). The definition extends to include principal polarizations and level structures. The authors show there are finitely many isomorphism classes of such objects in each dimension, and they give a formula for this number that resembles the Kottwitz ”counting formula” (for the number of principally polarized Abelian varieties over k), but the symplectic group in the Kottwitz formula has been replaced by the general linear group.
THE VALUE OF GLOBAL MYOCARDIAL INDEX TO DETECT CARDIAC DYSSYNCHRONY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ISCHEMIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

A variety of parameters has been proposed in left ventricular (LV) asynchrony evaluation. Echocardiography was performed in 95 patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Global myocardial index (GMI) and time to peak systolic velocity (Ts) was measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the peak myocardial systolic velocity. Absolute difference in Ts between any two of the four basal LV segments, absolute difference in Ts between any two of the six basal LV segments, absolute difference in Ts between any 2 of the 12 (6 basal and 6 mid) LV segments, and standard deviation of Ts of the 12 (6 basal and 6 mid) LV segments were derived. A composite score was calculated combining the above four dyssynchrony parameters. All GMI differed significantly among dyssynchrony groups. The area under ROCcurve to detect patients with all four criteria of dyssynchrony was 0.94 for GMI (100% sensitivity, 90% specificity). In conclusion, GMI could be used as simple index to detect LV desynchronization in DCM.
Using the Triplet Loss for Domain Adaptation in WCE

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is a minimally-invasive procedure that, based on a vitamin-size camera that is swallowed by the patient, allows the visualization of the entire gastrointestinal tract. This technology was developed 20 years ago to perform useful and safe studies of different bowel disorders. However, especially the number of captured images and their difficult interpretation has hindered its deployment in some clinical scenarios. Deep learning methods have the necessary capacity to deal with WCE image interpretation, but training good models is still an open problem for some bowel disorders due to the fact that obtaining a sufficiently large set of positive cases, for the creation and validation of the model, is an arduous task. Moreover, technological advances are rapidly moving forward proposing new hardware able to obtain images with a substantially improved quality. Given these two facts, it is obvious that highly accurate models can only be built by considering heterogeneous datasets composed of images captured by different cameras, and if training methods are able to find invariances with respect to the image acquisition systems. In this paper, we study the use of deep metric learning, based on the triplet loss function, to improve the generalization of a model over different datasets from different versions of WCE hardware. The obtained results show evidence that with just a few labeled images from a newer camera set, a model that has been trained with images from older systems can be easily adapted to the new environment.
Novel 3-Phase 2/3-Modulated Buck+Boost Current Source Inverter System Employing Monolithic Bidirectional GaN e-FETs

The unprecedented characteristics of dual-gate (2G) monolithic bidirectional (MB) gallium nitride (GaN) enhancement-mode fieldeffect transistors (e-FETs) enable a potential performance breakthrough of current DC-link inverters, e.g. in terms of power conversion efficiency, power density, cost and complexity. In fact, a single 2G MB GaN eFET can conveniently replace and outperform two anti-series connected conventional power semiconductors to realize the four-quadrant (AC) switch required in this circuit topology. Furthermore, a variable DC-link current control strategy can be applied to a three-phase (3-Φ) buckboost (bB) current source inverter (CSI) system comprising a DC-link current impressing buck-type DC/DC input stage and a subsequent boosttype 3-Φ current DC-link inverter output stage to significantly reduce the occurring losses. The proposed strategy is denominated Two-Third Modulation, since by properly shaping the DC-link current with the input stage by means of a Synergetic Control structure, it allows to generate the desired 3-Φ sinusoidal load currents by switching only two out of the three phases of the output stage. Circuit simulations of the 3-Φ bB CSI system support the explanation of the analyzed concept and confirm the associated reduction of losses, for which analytical expressions are as well derived. Finally, the operation of new 2G MB GaN e-FET research samples is verified in a hardware prototype, taking the first step towards the practical realization of the described power converter.
Comparison of novel urease inhibitors to reduce ammonia emissions under laboratory conditions

Introduction and objectives Ammonia emissions from agriculture in Germany derive mostly from livestock husbandry [1]. Therefore the aim of this research project is to test the effectivity of different novel urease inhibitors in order to reduce ammonia emissions from animal facilities and to compare them to the commercially available urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBTPT) [2]. In a first step of this investigation a standardised laboratory measuring system is used to detect the inhibitor with the best reduction potential and to study the dose-effect relationships of the inhibitors under laboratory conditions.
INquIry-baSed PhySIcS educatIoN by uSINg ScIeNce LearNINg SyStem

In order to improve students’ competencies of natural science must be consistent and systematic development of learning methods and strategies. Since Physics is an experimental science, the role of practical activities in physics education is very important. Experimental activities are one of the main Physics teaching/learning methods. One of these methods is inquiry-based learning, in which students answer research questions through data analysis. Computer-based data logging is a powerful strategy for the teaching and learning of physics. It helps to deliver a deep and meaningful physics education, increasing the interaction between the student and the concepts under investigation. This article deals with Physics experimental wor�s by using the �plorer ��� on different levels �confirmation, structured, guided and open inquiry) of inquiry-based learning. The research methodology is based on the provisions of the constructivist education theory underlying the structured, guided and open explorations as an effective educational technology, which promotes a positive attitude towards science, helps to apply the acquired �nowledge in different situations, develops higher-level thin�ing s�ills, encourages active learning processes. Experimental activities use an inquiry-based approach, based on a small-scale research activity through different levels of inquiry using science learning system �plorer ���. The aim of each experimental activity is to gain practical research s�ills, master research methods, learn how to wor� safely with the physical equipment, to collect, process and convey the results of experiment and lin� them to theoretical models, to make generalizations and conclusions. One physics laboratory work (Capacitor Discharge) at the level II, as structured exploration, and level III, as guided exploration, using science learning system �plorer ��� is presented. A �ey focus is on learning through collaborative wor�, supported by practical wor�. Students wor� together to collect & analyse data and present their results.
NDT TESTING OF CELLULOSE FIBER CEMENT BOARDS USING NON-CONTACT ULTRASOUND

This paper presents experimental studies of cellulose fiber cement boards using non-contact ultrasonic system were performed. Both the theoretical and experimental studies were performed on cellulose fiber cement boards. Cellulose fiber cement boards are the materials commonly used in architectural engineering for many external and internal applications such as buildings elevation or as walls and roofs covering materials. The theoretical studies of plate waves served to identification of the wave mode measured in the boards. It was found that the flexural (A0) mode, having velocity about 1200 m/s, propagates in the material. The preliminary experiments were done for the cement boards specimens, using 3D laboratory non-contact ultrasonic system and then, based on the obtained results new dedicated 1D scanner was designed and built. The obtained results confirmed applicability of the noncontact ultrasonic method using plate waves to studies of cellulose fiber cement boards. It allowed distinguishing between healthy and defective area within the boards and thus the method can be found as promising tool for future factory production control.
Convolutional Neural Network using a threshold predictor for multi-domain dialogue

Guanghao Xu*, Hyunjung Lee** Abstract—Regarding the spoken language understanding (SLU) pilot task of the Dialog State Tracking Challenge 5 (DSTC5), it is required to classify label sets of speech acts on human-to-human dialogues. In this paper, we propose a multilabel classification model with the assistance of algorithm adaptation method. To be specific, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model on top of pre-trained word vectors is adapted for the multi-label classification task by utilizing a threshold learning mechanism. In order to evaluate the performance of our proposed model, comparative experiments on the DSTC5 dialogue datasets are conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms most of the submitted model in the DSTC5 in terms of F1-score. Without any manually designed features, our model has advantage of handling the multi-label SLU task, using only publicly available pre-trained word vectors.
Analysis and results of ITRF2014 (IERS Technical Note No. 38)

For the first time in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) history, the ITRF2014 is generated with an enhanced modeling of nonlinear station motions, including seasonal (annual and semiannual) signals of station positions and postseismic deformation for sites that were subject to major earthquakes. Using the full observation history of the four space geodetic techniques (very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), satellite laser ranging (SLR), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite (DORIS)), the corresponding international services provided reprocessed time series (weekly from SLR and DORIS, daily from GNSS, and 24 h session-wise from VLBI) of station positions and daily Earth Orientation Parameters. ITRF2014 is demonstrated to be superior to past ITRF releases, as it precisely models the actual station trajectories leading to a more robust secular frame and site velocities. The ITRF2014 long-term origin coincides with the Earth system center of mass as sensed by SLR observations collected on the two LAGEOS satellites over the time span between 1993.0 and 2015.0. The estimated accuracy of the ITRF2014 origin, as reflected by the level of agreement with the ITRF2008 (both origins are defined by SLR), is at the level of less than 3 mm at epoch 2010.0 and less than 0.2 mm/yr in time evolution. The ITRF2014 scale is defined by the arithmetic average of the implicit scales of SLR and VLBI solutions as obtained by the stacking of their respective time series. The resulting scale and scale rate differences between the two solutions are 1.37 (±0.10) ppb at epoch 2010.0 and 0.02 (±0.02) ppb/yr. While the postseismic deformation models were estimated using GNSS/GPS data, the resulting parametric models at earthquake colocation sites were applied to the station position time series of the three other techniques, showing a very high level of consistency which enforces more the link between techniques within the ITRF2014 frame. The users should be aware that the postseismic deformation models are part of the ITRF2014 products, unlike the annual and semiannual signals, which were estimated internally with the only purpose of enhancing the velocity field estimation of the secular frame.
Covalent Graphene Functionalization for the Modification of Its Physical Properties

Li, H. 2017. Covalent Graphene Functionalization for the Modification of Its Physical Properties. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1472. 60 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9807-8. Graphene, a two dimensional monolayer carbon sheet with the atoms tightly packed in a hexagonal lattice, has exhibited so many excellent properties, which enable graphene to break several material records with regard to carrier mobility, strength yield and thermal conductivity to name a few. Therefore, graphene has been placed as a potential candidate to allow truly nextgeneration material. Graphene is a zero band gap material, implying that an energy band gap around the Dirac point is supposed to be open to make graphene applicable as a semiconductor. Covalent bond graphene functionalization becomes an essential enabler to open the energy gap in graphene and extend graphene applications in electronics, while the densely packed hexagonal carbon atoms as well as the strong sp2 hybridization carbon-carbon bonds jointly result in a changeling topic of allowing graphene to be decorated with functional groups. Here in this thesis, different routes to realize graphene functionalizations are implemented by using physical and chemical ways. The physical functionalization methods are the ion/ electron beam induced graphene fluorination as well as local defect insertion and the chemical ways correspond to the photochemistry techniques to approach hydrogenation and hydroxypropylation of graphene. Furthermore, to incorporate graphene into devices, the tuning of mechanical properties of graphene is desired. Towards this aim, the structure modification of graphene is employed to investigate the nanometer size-effect of crystalline size of graphene on the mechanical properties, namely Young’s modulus and surface energy. In the process of the graphene hydrogenation project, we discovered a high yield way to synthesis high quality graphene nanoscroll (GNS). Interestingly, the GNS shows superadhesion property through our atomic force microscopy measurements. This superadhesion is around 6-order stronger than van der Waals interaction and even higher than the hydrogen bonding enhanced and solid/liquid interfaces.
Sundqvist: The Crossroads Between Empiricism and Rationalism: Part II

In my thesis Perceptual Dynamics (Sundqvist 2003), I argued that Gestalt theory of the Berlin school not only is an important historical precursor to the new and rising sub-symbolic paradigm of cognitive science, but also that Gestalt theory can actually provide a clarifying framework to this new development of cognitive science. Thanks to new methods of neuroscience together with developments in dynamic systems theory and neural network modeling our opportunities to understand nervous systems and mental phenomena from the perspective of Gestalt theory have improved considerably. The notions of Gestalt and of psychophysical isomorphism can provide means for analyses of mental phenomena without the standard detour to various concepts of representation.
Deletion of IL-12p35 induces liver fibrosis in dominant negative transforming growth factor β receptor type II mice

We have previously reported that mice with a dominant negative transforming growth factor β receptor restricted to T cells (dnTGFβRII mice) develop an inflammatory biliary ductular disease that strongly resembles human primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Furthermore, deletion of the gene encoding interleukin (IL)-12p40 resulted in a strain (IL-12p40−/−dnTGFβRII) with dramatically reduced autoimmune cholangitis. To further investigate the role of the IL-12 cytokine family in dnTGFβRII autoimmune biliary disease, we deleted the gene encoding the IL-12p35 subunit from dnTGFβRII mice, resulting in an IL-12p35−/− dnTGFβRII strain which is deficient in two members of the IL-12 family, IL-12 and IL-35. In contrast to IL-12p40−/− mice, the IL-12p35−/− mice developed liver inflammation and bile duct damage with similar severity but delayed onset Correspondence to: M. Eric Gershwin, M.D., Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616; Telephone: 530-752-2884; Fax: 530-752-4669; megershwin@ucdavis.edu; or Zhe-Xiong Lian, M.D., Ph.D., 8Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; zxlian1@ustc.edu. cn. *Both authors contributed equally to the manuscript NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Hepatology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 February 01. Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2013 February ; 57(2): 806–816. doi:10.1002/hep.25829. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript as the parental dnTGFβRII mice. The p35−/− mice also demonstrated a distinct cytokine profile characterized by a shift from a Th1 to a Th17 response. Strikingly, liver fibrosis was frequently observed in IL-12p35−/− mice. In conclusion, IL-12p35−/− dnTGFβRII mice, histologically and immunologically, reflect key features of PBC, providing a useful generic model to understand the immunopathology of human PBC.
Investigation of pulsed actuators for active flow control using phase locked stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry

The dynamic behaviour of two pulsed pneumatic actuators were examined to understand first the effect of the system parameter (frequency, duty-cycle, waveform, pressure, actuator volume and feed line length) on the output signal, and second, the interaction of the actuator jet with a turbulent boundary layer. The investigation indicates that the skewed jet becomes most efficient for boundary layer control when the output-velocity has a span-wise component. In this case a strong large scale secondary flow is generated, due to the asymmetric injection of the fluid, which transfers high momentum fluid from the outer part of the boundary layer in the near wall region. Blowing with a strong component in stream-wise direction, on the other hand, seems to be less efficient, relative to the oblique one, because of the small effect in span-wise direction and the momentum loss of the jet due to turbulent mixing and viscosity. In case of the rectangular actuator it could be demonstrated that the efficiency decreases when the orientation of the actuator becomes perpendicular to the main flow direction. In this case no asymmetric large scale vortex structure is generated which transfers high momentum fluid from the outer region of the boundary layer towards the wall. Finally, it could be shown that the momentum pattern of the dynamic jets becomes very similar to the static ones shortly after opening the valve. However, during the opening and closing of the valve, a strong span-wise modulation of the base flow can be observed that stimulates the mixing.