Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Geography of External Knowledge Search : The International Breadth of R & D Cooperation Mirbella Gallareta

This paper explores the impact of the diversity of R&D international partners on the innovative performance. The research studies how the geographical location of research partners, the cognitive distance and the regulatory distance define the impact of external knowledge search breadth on radical and incremental innovation. The hypotheses are tested on a sample of 2.606 Spanish firms that established research cooperation agreements with different partners. The results show that a more heterogeneous network of international partners will benefit radical innovation, while a more heterogeneous network of local partners will benefit incremental innovation. The impact on radical innovation of the degree of heterogeneity of international partners will increase with cognitive distance between partners while will diminish with regulatory distance between the countries where the partners are located.
Interactive comment on “ Cloud condensation nuclei activity at Jeju Island , Korea in spring 2005 ” by M . Kuwata

This paper presents data and analysis of CCN activity of field measurements during the March-April 2005 campaign at Jeju-Island, Korea. Measured results are compared to theoretical calculations which include a range of assumptions based on experimental data and extreme case assumptions. The paper includes an excellent overview and detailed descriptions of most of the experiments and conditions. The authors make a good case to support their conclusions that differences between D50 and Dcrit are due to unknown size-dependent chemical compositions and/or unknown (but parameterized) surface tension lowering effects. The field location used for this study is a new and important one which adds to the literature database of CCN field studies around the world. This paper will be of interest to readers of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. It is well-written and requires no major revisions for publication. Some
Local Projects Codebase Source Code Data Preprocessing Build Index Source Code Index Query Slicing Code Snippets Code Retrieval API Understanding Relevant APIs Raw Code Snippets

Over the years of software development, a vast amount of source code has been accumulated. Many code search tools were proposed to help programmers reuse previouslywritten code by performing free-text queries over a large-scale codebase. Our experience shows that the accuracy of these code search tools are often unsatisfactory. One major reason is that existing tools lack of query understanding ability. In this paper, we propose CodeHow, a code search technique that can recognize potential APIs a user query refers to. Having understood the potentially relevant APIs, CodeHow expands the query with the APIs and performs code retrieval by applying the Extended Boolean model, which considers the impact of both text similarity and potential APIs on code search. We deploy the backend of CodeHow as a Microsoft Azure service and implement the frontend as a Visual Studio extension. We evaluate CodeHow on a large-scale codebase consisting of 26K C# projects downloaded from GitHub. The experimental results show that when the top 1 results are inspected, CodeHow achieves a precision score of 0.794 (i.e., 79.4% of the first returned results are relevant code snippets). The results also show that CodeHow outperforms conventional code search tools. Furthermore, we perform a controlled experiment and a survey of Microsoft developers. The results confirm the usefulness and effectiveness of CodeHow in programming practices.
Technique of Error Rate Evaluation in a Wireless Environment with Arbitrary Interference and AWGN

In this work, we present a new technique for the M-QAM symbol error rate evaluation in communication systems equipped with conventional detectors designed for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) model of interference but operating over a fading environment with arbitrary interference and AWGN. In contrast to many reported methods, the given technique is applicable to arbitrary interference and fading models, and it can efficiently be implemented numerically. These facts make the derived result especially convenient for practical purposes.
Some forms of-δ dgeneralize-α-compactness

The aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate the concept of αGδO -compact and αGδO -connected spaces which are stronger than αGO-compact [5] and αGO-connected [5] respectively. Some properties of these spaces are studied. (2000) Math. Subject Classification. 54C05, 54C08, 54D05, 54D30
WP / 19 / 101 The Motives to Borrow

Governments issue debt for good and bad reasons. While the good reasons—intertemporal tax-smoothing, fiscal stimulus, and asset management—can explain some of the increases in public debt in recent years, they cannot account for all of the observed changes. Bad reasons for borrowing are driven by political failures associated with intergenerational transfers, strategic manipulation, and common pool problems. These political failures are a major cause of overborrowing though budgetary institutions and fiscal rules can play a role in mitigating governments’ tendencies to overborrow. While it is difficult to establish a clear causal link from high public debt to low output growth, it is likely that some countries pay a price—in terms of lower growth and greater output volatility—for excessive debt accumulation. JEL Classification Numbers: E62; F34, H63
DO GROUP-BASED ACTIVITIES MAKE A DIFFERENCE ?

RESUMEN El presente estudio, de carácter comparativo y exploratorio, investiga si los diferentes tipos de participación (la participación en la política formal, el activismo social y el compromiso cívico), se diferencian entre sí por una serie de variables psicosociales (el compromiso organizacional, percepción de apoyo social, el estrés con sus mecanismos de afrontamiento y algunas variables organizacionales). También se investiga si estas variables son capaces de predecir a largo plazo el compromiso de los involucrados en la vida política o civil, tal como la literatura sobre la acción colectiva, la participación comunitaria y el voluntariado sugiere. Se realizó una encuesta de 517 miembros de diferentes organizaciones políticas y organizaciones benéficas. Los resultados mostraron una polarización entre ambas formas de participación política y social, tanto dentro de las dos formas de participación política considerada. Por otra parte, se encontró que los factores predictivos de largo plazo difirieron significativamente entre las tres formas de participación. ABSTRACT This study is comparative and explanatory in nature, investigating whether different types of participation (formal political participation, legal activism, and civic engagement) are differentiated from one another by a set of psychosocial variables (organisational commitment, perceived social support, stress and coping mechanisms, and organisational variables). We also investigate whether these variables can predict the long-term engagement of those involved in political and civic organisations, as research on collective action, community participation, and volunteerism suggests. A survey was conducted on 517 members of a variety of political and volunteer organisations. The results showed a polarisation both between the political and civic forms of engagement and within the two political forms of participation considered. In addition, it was found that the factors predicting the long-term engagement of the individuals differed significantly among the three types of participation.
The importance of volunteered geographic information for the validation of flood inundation models

Two dimensional flood inundation models capable of simulating complex spatially and temporally differentiated floodplain flows are routinely used to model and predict flooding. However, advances in modelling techniques have not been matched by improvements in model validation. Validation of flood models remains challenging due to a lack of available spatially-explicit data; traditionally measured data and validation approaches reveal little about the ability of a model to simulate the complex dynamics of floodplain flows, including the pathways, timeline, and impacts of an event. In this paper we propose a novel method for the validation of hydraulic models of flooding using quantitative and qualitative Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). This method uses VGI data to enhance traditionally measured validation data by reconstructing the observed dynamics of a flood, allowing validation of the temporal and spatial simulation of these dynamics. We illustrate the method using a case study from Corbridge in the northeast of England, using VGI collected through participatory research with people affected by severe flooding in 2015. The results of the study demonstrate that VGI data can be used for the effective reconstruction of flood event dynamics. The results also reveal that the proposed validation approach is able to identify underperformance in the model’s simulation of event dynamics not evaluated by standard global performance measures. Such a lack of evaluation can have adverse consequences where dynamic model outputs are used locally to influence floodplain management. As a result, we propose a new framework for model validation, adopting a pragmatic and flexible approach to examining event dynamics using a diverse
Effect of selenium on CO 2 and NO 3 − assimilation under low and adequate nitrogen supply in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . )

In order to study the mechanisms of Se-mediated growth improvement as related to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism, wheat plants were cultivated hydroponically with adequate (4 mM, Na) or low (1 mM, Nd) N supply and treated with 10 and 50 μM Na2SeO4 for six weeks. The Se supplementation enhanced plant biomass; it was significant for shoots of Na plants at 50 μM Se. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly lowered under Nd conditions but restored completely by Se addition reaching values of those in Na plants. Net CO2 assimilation rate (PN) decreased only slightly by limited N availability, but it enhanced significantly in both Nd and Na plants equally by 10 and 50 μM Se. Effect of Se on PN in the Na plants occurred mainly due to the stomata opening, while it was related to both stomatal and nonstomatal mechanisms in the Nd plants. The Se treatment resulted in enhancement of nitrate reductase (NR) activity in both Na and Nd plants with an optimal response at 10 μM Se. Negative correlations between nitrate concentration and NR activity indicated a partial nitrate depletion in the roots following by elevated NR activity in Nd plants. In contrast, nitrite concentrations were higher in the Se treated plants. Higher amino acids and protein concentrations in the Se-treated plants might be an indication of a general upregulation of N metabolism. However, in Na plants, the stimulation of N metabolism was not observed at 50 μM Se which could not be attributed to lesser availability of C skeletons because of maintaning higher CO2 fixation under these conditions. It implies the function of some regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for coordination of C and N metabolism in whole plant. Additional key words: chlorophyll fluorescence; net assimilation rate; nitrate reductase; nutrients.
Soybean as a functional food rich in isoflavones

Soybean is potential as a functional food, in addition to a source of protein. This is related to the presence of 12 isoflavones in soybean seeds, both in the forms of glycosides and aglycones. Isoflavone compounds are beneficial for health as they have antioxidant activities that can prevent breast cancer, colon cancer, osteoporosis, and degenerative diseases such as premature aging, coronary heart disease and hypertension as well as reduce menopausal syndromes in women. The content of isoflavones in soybean seed varies from 128 to 380 mg/100 g, which predominantly consists of genistein and daidzein. Devon 1 as an improved soybean variety contains total isoflavones of 394,1 mg /100 g and 30,37 mg /100 of total genistein and daidzein in Devon 2 variety, reflecting the possibility to increase isoflavone content through breeding of new varieties. In addition to genetics, isoflavone content in soybean is also affected by growing season, maturity, irrigation, UV light, soil nutrients and processing. Germination and fermentation considerably increase the isoflavone content, however it decreases during heating due to change of chemical structure. The consumption of 25 g of soy protein per day, which is equivalent to 37-62 mg of isoflavone intake, can meet 83% of the recommended daily requirements for isoflavones.
Multiple Classifiers and Invariant Features Extraction for Digit Recognition

Extraction of feature and classification methods are important phases in recognition system. A good classifier and extraction of features that suits play a very important role in a recognition system to improving recognition rate. In this paper we propose a new system designed to recognize the ten digits of printed Arabic numerals that are the most common symbolic representation of numbers in the world today. This study has been conducted using Hu moment, number of hole and surface which are tolerate to the geometric transformations along with seven different classifiers Naive Bayesian, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Pseudo-Inverse. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Classifier combination is considered. Experimental tests demonstrated that our technique achieves good results on multi-font and multi-size printed digit dataset.
The “ Non-atheistic-thesis-of-Cartesian-metaphysics ” 1 A “ tese-não-ateísta-da-metafísica-cartesiana ”

In support of Descartes’ epistemology, Lex Newman advances the ‘Non-atheistic-knowledge-thesis’, i.e., indefeasible knowledge cannot be gained unless the existence of God is proved. Here I expound the ‘non-atheistic-thesis-of-Cartesian-metaphysics’, which, unlike Newman’s, refers to how four Cartesian metaphysical conclusions require the existence of God. To test whether such conclusions need divine existence, we may ask what would happen if God did not play any decisive role in the Meditations. As I argue, four unpalatable consequences would follow for Cartesian metaphysics, which would ruin Descartes’ plan to refute the skeptic and the atheist alike.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion : Are Loading Doses Necessary ?

Background : Ranibizumab (anti-VEGF) given monthly for six doses, is effective in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). However, the cost and adherence to complete Ranibizumab regiment is a burden for developing countries. Aim : To present two CRVO cases with satisfactory outcome after partial regiment of ranibizumab injections. Case presentation : A 52-year old male came with sudden, painless visual decline of the left eye (LE). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.4. Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) was positive on LE. Anterior segment was normal. Fundus examination revealed a cup-disc ratio (CDR) of 0.4, macular edema (ME), scattered hemorrhages, dilated and tortuous retinal veins. Patient was diagnosed with CRVO and was given two monthly injections before stopping treatment. Patient came with worsened VA, was then given another injection. After 6 months, his BCVA was 0.8. Similarly, a 32year old male came with sudden painless decline of vision of LE (BCVA 0.15). Anterior segment was normal. Fundus examination showed CDR of 0.3, ME, multiple scattered pre-retinal hemorrhages, dilated and tortuous retinal veins. Patient was similarly diagnosed with CRVO of LE and given two monthly injections. Final BCVA after six months follow-up was 0.9. Conclusion : Both cases showed improvement in VA despite having partial regiment of ranibizumab injections.
On the Bluish Appearance of Veins by Spencer

The bluish appearance of veins located immediately beneath the skin has long been a topic of interest for biomedical optics researchers. Despite this interest, a thorough identification of the specific optical processes responsible for this phenomenon remains to be achieved. In this paper, we employ controlled in silico experiments to address this enduring open problem. Our experiments, which are supported by measured data available in the scientific literature, are performed using first-principles models of light interaction with human skin and blood. Using this investigation approach, we quantitatively demonstrate that Rayleigh scattering caused by collagen fibrils present in the papillary dermis, a sublayer of the skin, can play a pivotal role in the bluish appearance of veins as suggested by previous works in this area. Moreover, taking colour perception aspects also into account, we systematically assess the effects of variations in fibril radius and papillary dermis thickness on the coloration of veins under different illuminants. Notably, this assessment indicates that Rayleigh scattering elicited by reticulin fibrils, another type of fibril found in the papillary dermis, is unlikely to significantly contribute to the bluish appearance of veins. By strengthening the current understanding about light attenuation mechanisms affecting the appearance of skin and blood, our investigation contributes for the development of more effective technologies aimed at the noninvasive measurement of the physiological properties of these tissues.
In fl uence of phylogeny and abiotic factors varies across early and late reproductive phenology of Himalayan

Understanding the influence of evolutionary history on species-specific phenological events of high-altitude plants and their sensitivity to the abiotic factors has gained importance mainly in the context of climate change. However, the majority of phenology studies across altitudinal gradient are carried out on flowering, whereas other reproductive phenology events are seldom considered. We tested the role of abiotic factors and evolutionary history on the reproductive phenology traits of high-altitude Rhododendron community which comprised of 10 locally aggregated species in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, Sikkim Himalaya. The study was carried out from 2013 to 2015 across an altitude gradient of 3400–4230 m a.s. l. We generated dated phylogenetic hypotheses to test for phylogenetic signal in reproductive phenology events, and its durations across 10 Rhododendron species and also among groups of species distributed at every 100 m altitude. Comparative phylogenetic methods were used to explore the relationship between phenology traits and abiotic variables such as daylength and temperature. The early phenology events such as budding, flowering, and initial fruiting, which occurred during the favorable month of the year, exhibited strong phylogenetic signal and were mainly associated with daylength and temperature. In contrast, the later events such as immature fruiting, mature fruiting, and fruit dehiscence, which occurred during the later months of the year, showed a weak phylogenetic signal and were mostly associated with daylength. With the increase in altitude, we found a decreasing trend of phylogenetic signal for the early phenology events and later events did not show a significant trend. Our results suggest that only early events are constrained by evolutionary history; thus, the closely related species share the similar timing of the early phenology events. Also, the role of shared evolutionary history in phenological trait sensitivity to the abiotic factors reduces from early to the late phenology events. This approach can be extended to other representative plant families of the Himalayan region to better understand the response of reproductive traits to abiotic factors in deep evolutionary time.
2 A Proof of the Main Theorem Theorem 3

Let F be a family of r-graphs. An r-graph G is called F-saturated if it does not contain any members of F but adding any edge creates a copy of some r-graph in F . The saturation number sat(F , n) is the minimum number of edges in an F-saturated graph on n vertices. We prove that there exists a finite family F such that sat(F , n)/nr−1 does not tend to a limit. This settles a question of Pikhurko. Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05C65, 05C35
Evaluation Broadcasting Video Signals by Wireless Network Parameters between Client/Server.

This paper focuses on designing and implementing a system for recently emerging video transmission by wireless networks parameters. Such parameters are considering packet loss rate, bandwidth and delay, as well as the quality of server (QoS), which eventually contributed to the user's the quality of experience (QoE). The signals of the captured video by cameras send to the server-host then to be displayed and broadcasted to the client-host. This system overcomes the several problems as: delay, packet loss rate and bandwidth by resources and destinations through controlling the permissions and broadcasting, as well as to the monitoring the configuration of the system during broadcasting. The advantage of this system is to improve application software to be used in a friendly use with as maximum as possible of flexibility and full optional controlling to get complete features of the video broadcasting systems. The system controls the problems of delay, loss rate and bandwidth between source and destination, through controlling the permissions, broadcasting and monitoring when configuration of the system during broadcasting. The synchronization between two sides of the wireless network was achieved when incoming signals from the cameras to the server-side and broadcasting these signals to the client-side. Eventually this system enables the administrator to monitor the dataflow from server-side to client-side and apply compressing with many compression techniques on the incoming and broadcasted signals.
ADBI Working Paper Series SERVICES POLICIES AND MANUFACTURING EXPORTS

This paper uses a structural gravity model to show the effects of services policies on manufacturing exports. Whereas the previous literature has focused on indirect effects of policies—flowing through productivity effects in domestic services markets—we look at direct effects, namely the ability of domestic manufacturers to access services inputs on world markets at competitive prices. Our results show that discriminatory barriers to services trade have a significant negative effect on manufacturing exports. We use theory-consistent counterfactual simulations to show that the trade and real output effects of a 10% reduction in services trade restrictiveness are in fact much larger than those of a 10% reduction in tariffs. On a policy level, our results suggest that an additional argument for liberalizing services markets is that it in fact aids manufacturing sector development, due to the intimate links between the two.