Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration Patterns of Newfoundland West Coast Herring,Clupea harengus, as shown by Tagging Studies

Migration patterns of Atlantic herring in western Newfoundland waters were elucidated from eight tagging experiments in 1975-80 involving both spring and autumn spawners. A total of 43,700 external tags were applied from which 1,062 recaptures were reported to the end of 1981. The spatial and temporal distribution of the returns indicated that the western Newfoundland herring populations are discrete from stocks in adjacent areas, although extensive mixing occurs during part of the year, particularly outside the spawning season. The Strait of Belle Isle appears to be an important summer feeding area for the western Newfoundland herring populations and, to a lesser degree, for herring from northeastern Newfoundland and the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. These results were utilized in establishing the boundaries for management of the western Newfoundland stock complex. These boudaries are considered appropriate for the current herring fisheries which exploit both spring and autumn spawners, but smaller management zones would be desirable if the fisheries become concentrated on exploitation of spawning herring.
Reef fish demographics on Louisiana artificial reefs : the effects of reef size on biomass distribution and foraging dynamics

Understanding the role that habitat plays in the life history of reef-associated fishes is particularly significant given the dramatic increase in the number of artificial reefs deployed in coastal ecosystems over the past 50 years. In the Gulf of Mexico, the oil and gas industry has added a significant amount of structure to the Louisiana continental shelf, creating the largest de facto artificial reef deployment area in the world. Noting their usefulness as fish habitat, the Louisiana Artificial Reef Program was established to convert decommissioned platforms into artificial reefs. However, very little quantitative information exists on how these habitats affect the associated fish assemblage. The two objectives of this study were to examine high-resolution spatial and temporal distribution around two standing and two toppled platforms, and to examine the trophic ecology of common reef-associated fishes, such as red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus). Spatial distribution of fish biomass was examined using a multifrequency hydroacoustic approach to examine the extent of the area of influence around the two habitats and to examine diel changes in distribution. Standing platforms supported roughly two times higher biomass than toppled platforms, particularly in the upper water column at close ranges to the structures. Diel periodicity was evident, with higher biomass in the upper water column during the night and higher biomass in the lower water column during daylight hours. Diel periodicity was dependent on habitat and distance from the reef, breaking down at close range to standing platforms, likely a result of the light field emitted by working platforms. Trophic ecology was assessed with a combination of gut content and stable isotope analyses to examine both prey and sources of basal resources to the reef habitats. Results indicate that red snapper are opportunistic feeders, and that artificial reef structures do not provide a unique set of prey items, indicating that prey and basal resources are consistently sourced from the surrounding water column and soft bottom sediments. Additionally, no evidence of an area of prey depletion (feeding halo) was found around the two habitats, further indicating that prey is derived opportunistically from areas surrounding the reef structures.
A REVIEW OF APOTHECIAL PRODUCTION BY MONILINIA FUNGI IN JAPAN

The literature on apothecial production by Monilinia spp. is reviewed with particular attention given to Japanese work. Four stages of apothecial development are distinguished? stromatal development, stromatal maturation, apothecial initiation, and apothecial differentiation. Information is given on growth conditions which have been found suitable in laboratory studies for apothecial production by M. fructicola, M. fructigena, M. mali, and M. oxycocci. The temperature, light and moisture regimes, substrates, and incubation times used were similar to those that are encountered in the field in regions of Japan where apothecia are frequently found. The effect of weather conditions and of fruit size and time of ripening of hosts on apothecial production is discussed. The Monilinia fungi are characterized by the production of monilioid spores and stromatic tissue on which apothecia are borne (Honey, 1928). Members of the genus are pathogens of the Rosaceae and Ericaceae and some cause considerable economic losses to crops. Honey (1936) divided the genus into two sections based on the presence or absence in conidial chains of disjunctors (small structures which develop between mature conidia and facilitate spore dispersal). Those that do not possess disjunctors were included in the Junctoriae and those with dis? junctors, in the Disjunctoriae. There are about 30 known species of Monilinia of which nine have been recorded in Japan. Details of the Japanese Monilinia spp. are summarized in Table I. Most studies have been made on the species comprising the Junctoriae because of their economic importance as serious pathogens of apples, pears, and stone fruits. The diseases on fruits are usually referred to collectively as "brown rot" since brown lesions develop on infected tissues, particularly those of fruits. The biology and control of the Monilinia spp. causing brown rot have been reviewed by Wormald (1954) and more recently by Byrde and Willetts (1977), while Harada (1977) has published a report of his detailed studies on the Japanese species of Monilinia. In a more recent article, Batra (1983) reported an investigation of Monilinia spp. on Ericaceae. The sexual spore of Monilinia spp. is the ascospore produced in an apothecium. There are numerous reports in the literature of the discovery in the field of apothecia of most ofthe species. However, there are only a few reports of successful apothecial formation by these fungi in the laboratory, and consequently the factors involved in the initiation and differentiation of ascocarps of Monilinia are not well understood. Also most of the successful studies have been carried out in Japan and details ofthe work are not readily available to many western workers. The purpose of this article is to review the data available on apothecial pro? duction by Monilinia fungi, with particular reference to the Japanese species. Attempts are made to interpret the findings using published information on
Pleistocene Glaciation in Ethiopia: New Evidence

Abstract Geomorphological evigernce indicates that Mount Badda, Ethiopia, had a Pleistocene ice cap of at least 140 km2. Altituger of the snow line was probably about 4 000 m, only 350 m below the summit, suggesting that glaciation occurred during the Würm glacial maximum.
Variation and Correlations Among Stem Growth and Wood Traits of Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. from the Peruvian Amazon

Abstract Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. is an important tree for timber and energy in the western Amazon, with expanding national and international markets for its wood. There is relatively little information, however, about geographic variation in tree growth and wood properties, and correlations among these traits. The first provenance trial was established with farming communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Seven provenances, sampled from regions near the equator, were tested in three planting zones located in one watershed. Variation and correlations were investigated in stem growth at 30 and 42 months, wood density (in the lower and upper parts of the stem) and mean heat content of stem wood at 32 months. Stem height varied significantly among provenances and planting zones, but zones accounted for much more variation than provenances. Stem wood traits did not vary significantly among provenances. Wood density was greater in the lower than in the upper stem. Wood density in the upper stem and the difference in density between the lower and upper stem varied significantly among planting zones: density in the upper stem was lowest, and the difference in density between the lower and upper stem was largest in the zone where trees grew most rapidly. Phenotypic correlations between stem growth and wood density differed in sign among planting zones, suggesting that selecting fastgrowing trees could indirectly reduce wood density in environments where trees grow slowly, and increase the difference in wood density between the lower and upper stem in environments where trees grow very rapidly. Correlations between stem growth and wood heat content were stable across zones, and indicated that larger trees tended to have wood with higher heat content. Stem-wood heat content varied with provenance latitude/ longitude in the sample region, but none of the other traits varied clinally. Results indicate that there is potential to select faster-growing provenances at an early age, but this could affect wood density in certain environments.
Fish Guidelines for Pregnancy Catch Some Nutrition Groups Off Guard

The onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases superimposed on a declining nervous system could exacerbate the motor and cognitive behavioral deficits that normally occur in senescence. In cases of severe deficits in memory or motor function, hospitalization or custodial care would be a likely outcome. This means that unless some way is found to reduce these age-related declines in neuronal function, health care costs will continue to rise exponentially. Thus, it is extremely important to explore methods to retard or reverse the age-related neuronal deficits as well as their subsequent, behavioral manifestations. Applying molecular biological approaches to slow aging in the human condition may be years away. Therefore, it is important to determine what methods can be used right now to ensure healthy aging, forestall the onset of these diseases, and create conditions favorable to obtaining a “longevity dividend” in both financial and human terms. Epidemiologic studies indicate that diets rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as those found in fruits and vegetables, may lower the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) or Parkinson disease (PD). If we can establish ways to reduce the normal declines in cognitive function that accompany aging, we may be able to further reduce the burden of these diseases on society. Research suggests that the polyphenolic compounds found in fruits such as blueberries may exert their beneficial effects by altering stress signaling and neuronal communication. This suggestion implies that dietary interventions involving these fruits or their extracts may be protective against age-related deficits in cognitive and motor function.
DL‐β‐Aminobutyric acid application negatively affects reproduction and larval development of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea, on apple

The rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the major pests of European apple orchards, commonly controlled by the use of synthetic insecticides. In the present work, the non‐protein amino acid DL‐β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA), known to induce plant resistance against a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses, has been tested for its protective effect against this pest on apple. We first verified the lack of any contact effect of BABA on the insect itself. Next we applied BABA as a soil drench to apple and monitored its effect on the population development of aphids after artificial infestation. We demonstrated that BABA strongly reduced the population growth and that this compound severely affected various life‐history characteristics of the aphid such as female longevity and fecundity, nymph mortality, and larval development.
The predisposing factors of AKI for prophylactic strategies in burn care

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most severe complications of burn injury. AKI with severe burn injury causes high mortality. This study aims to investigate the incidence of and predisposing factors for AKI in burn patients. Methods This is a single-center, retrospective, descriptive criterion standard study conducted from June 27, 2015, to March 8, 2016. We used Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria to define and select patients with AKI. The study was conducted by recruiting in hospital patients who suffered from the flammable cornstarch-based powder explosion and were treated under primary care procedures. A total of 49 patients who suffered from flammable dust explosion-related burn injury were enrolled and admitted on June 27, 2015. The patients with more than 20% total body surface area of burn were transferred to the intensive care unit. Patients received fluid resuscitation in the first 24 hours based on the Parkland formula. The primary measurements were the incidence of and predisposing factors for AKI in these patients. Demographic characteristics, laboratory data, and inpatient outcomes were also evaluated. The incidence of AKI in this cohort was 61.2% (n = 30). The mortality rate was 2.0% (n = 1) during a 59-day follow-up period. The multivariate analysis revealed inhalation injury (adjusted OR = 22.0; 95% CI [1.4–358.2]) and meeting ≥3 American Burn Association (ABA) sepsis criteria (adjusted OR = 13.7; 95% CI [1.7–110.5]) as independent risk factors for early advanced AKI. Conclusions The incidence rate of AKI was higher in this cohort than in previous studies, possibly due to the flammable dust explosion-related burn injury. However, the mortality was lower than that expected. In clinical practice, indicators of inflammation, including ABA sepsis criteria may help in predicting the risk of AKI in patients with burn injury.
The Effect of Early Treatment with Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate on the Incidence of Cardiac Comorbidities in Hospitalized Stroke Patients

Background Cardiac adverse events are common among patients presenting with acute stroke and contribute to overall morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic measures for the reduction of cardiac adverse events in hospitalized stroke patients have not been well understood. We sought to investigate the effect of early initiation of high-dose intravenous magnesium sulfate on cardiac adverse events in stroke patients. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the prehospital Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) randomized phase-3 clinical trial, conducted from 2005-2013. Consecutive patients with suspected acute stroke and a serum magnesium level within 72 hours of enrollment were selected. Twenty grams of magnesium sulfate or placebo was administered in the ambulance starting with a 15-minute loading dose intravenous infusion followed by a 24-hour maintenance infusion in the hospital. Results Among 1126 patients included in the analysis of this study, 809 (71.8%) patients had ischemic stroke, 277 (24.6%) had hemorrhagic stroke, and 39 (3.5%) with stroke mimics. The mean age was 69.5 (SD13.4) and 42% were female. 565 (50.2%) received magnesium treatment, and 561 (49.8%) received placebo. 254 (22.6%) patients achieved the target, and 872 (77.4%) did not achieve the target, regardless of their treatment group. Among 1126 patients, 159 (14.1%) had at least one CAE. Treatment with magnesium was not associated with fewer cardiac adverse events. A multivariate binary logistic regression for predictors of CAEs showed a positive association of older age and frequency of CAEs (R = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.06, p < 0.0001). Measures of early and 90-day outcomes did not differ significantly between the magnesium and placebo groups among patients who had CAEs. Conclusion Treatment of acute stroke patients with magnesium did not result in a reduction in the number or severity of cardiac serious adverse events.
Rehearsal and Organizational Processes in Children's Memory.

ORNSTEIN, PETER A. ; NAUS, MARY J.; and LIBERTY, CHARLES. Rehearsal and Organizational Processes in Children's Memory. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 818-830. An overt rehearsal procedure was used to study the relationship between children's rehearsal strategies and recall performance in a free recall task. 2 experiments were conducted, 1 employing unrelated words and the other taxonomically related materials, so that rehearsal could be examined under different conditions of list organization. In both experiments, developmental changes in rehearsal content were observed. Third graders tended to rehearse the item currently being presented either alone or in minimal combination with other words. In contrast, sixth graders (and older subjects) rehearsed several different items together. These changes in rehearsal technique were related to developmental differences in the magnitude of the primacy effect. However, the role of rehearsal seemed to vary as a function of list structure. When categorical items were employed, ninth graders were better able than younger subjects to use taxonomic information to rehearse related words together. This rehearsal of category items was related to improved recall, but blocked presentation of the taxonomic materials facilitated the recall of the third graders, without corresponding changes in rehearsal being observed.
A review: research progress of crossbreeding of Arkhar-Merino with local breeds in Iran.

BACKGROUND The greatest part of the wool produced by the indigenous sheep breeds in Iran is used in the hand woven carpets. It is estimated that 5.1 million m hand woven carpets is produced in Iran annually, therefore the country needs 28 thousands tons of washed wool. Approximately 8 thousand tons of wool is imported as merino wool from Australia and New Zealand. Iranian wool is suitable for use in coarse-carpet industry, but it has some difficulties for use in the fine carpets. Fine carpet makers usually utilize imported wool which has more uniformity of diameter. For finding suitable sheep breed to produce more uniform wool, we interests to Arkhar-Merino breed at University of Tabriz. The Kazakh ArkharMerino breed initially was produced at Kurmektinski experiment station of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh. The breed is based on crossbreeding of wild Arkhar rams with ewes of the Novocaucasian Merino, Précoce and Rambouillet breeds (Ernst and Dmitriev, 2007). ArkharMerino breed has been imported to Iran from Kazakhstan. The purposes were: a) to develop a new sheep project, at Khalatpoushan Research Centre; b) to obtain information about crossbreeding of local fat-tail rams with Arkhar-Merino ewes regarding the wool and meat traits. Several crossing experiments in sheep are currently in progress. Most of them are based on local breeds. It is expected that crossbreeding can lead to combination of favorable characteristics from ArkharMerino.
Ceftobiprole-A novel cephalosporin to combat MRSA

Abstract. Gram positive cocci are responsible for a large number of infections, involving the skin and skin structures, respiratory tract, bloodstream etc., both in the community as well as in the hospital settings. However, the recent emergence of multidrug resistant strains has compromised therapeutic options as well as made therapy less effective and costlier. As medicine continues to evolve to combat these pathogens, they always seem to be a step ahead of us. Vancomycin, the drug of choice for resistant strains of gram positive cocci, has also seen the development of bacteria resistant to it. The introduction of ceftobiprole, a novel fifth-generation cephalosporin, has brought with it new hope for combating these pathogens. It exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to the PBP (penicillin-binding protein), blocking formation of the bacterial cell wall and ultimately leading to cell lysis and death. It has also got a wide antibacterial spectrum covering many gram negative bacteria as well as anaerobes. Ceftobiprole has been evaluated in various clinical trials including the multicentric STRAUSS 1 and 2 trials, and the results have demonstrated favourable efficacy of ceftobiprole against gram positive cocci. Thus, although ceftobiprole provides us with another option in our battle against the microbes, its judicious use is imperative so that we do not run out of therapeutic options in the near future. Key words: ceftobiprole, MRSA, cephalosporin, cocci.
Mutations in Sarcomere Protein Genes as a Cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background The molecular basis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, a primary myocardial disorder that results in reduced contractile function, is largely unknown. Some cases of familial dilated cardiomyopathy are caused by mutations in cardiac cytoskeletal proteins; this finding implicates defects in contractile-force transmission as one mechanism underlying this disorder. To elucidate this important cause of heart failure, we investigated other genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods Clinical evaluations were performed in 21 kindreds with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. A genome-wide linkage study prompted a search of the genes encoding β-myosin heavy chain, troponin T, troponin I, and α-tropomyosin for disease-causing mutations. Results A genetic locus for mutations associated with dilated cardiomyopathy was identified at chromosome 14q11.2–13 (maximal lod score, 5.11; θ=0), where the gene for cardiac β-myosin heavy chain is encoded. Analyses of this and other genes for sarcomere proteins i.
Pleistocene Ice at the Base of The Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada

Oxygen-isotope ratios indicate that a distinc tive band of white ice a long the margin of the Bames Ice Cap is of Pleistocene age. It is e5limated from a flow model that b eneath the center of the ice cap the thickness of the band should be a bout 0.6 times its thickness at the margin, or about 8 m. However , an independent estimate, based on calculated vertica l stra in-ra tes and explicitly assuming no basal m elting, predicts a thickness o f about 22 m beneath the cen ter of the ice cap. T he discrepancy between the two thickness estimates is interpreted as indicating that basal melting has occurred. Calculated basal temperatures support this conclusion . REsuME. Glacesfossiles du Pleistocene a la base de la Barnes Ice Cap, lle de Baffin, T erritoire du N. O . , Canada. Par le taux d'oxygene 18, on prouve qu'une couche distincte d e glace blanche en bordure de la Ba rnes I ce Cap, da te de I'epoque Pleistocene. Se basant sur un modele d es glaces d 'ecoulement, on eslime que l'epaisseur de la couche, a u centre de la calotte, doit etre 0,6 foi s celle d es bords , soit 8 m environ. Cependant, une autre estimation, basee sur le calcul d es contraintes verticales et la issant de co te la fonte au sol, prevoit une epaisseur de l'ordre d e 22 m sous le centre de la calotte glaciaire. La discordance entre ces deux epaisseurs est interpretee comme la preuve de la fonte a u sol. Les temperatures calculees au ni veau du socle renforcent cette conclusion. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG. Pleistoziines Eis alll Grunde des Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, N. W. T. , Kanada. Aus d en Verhaltnissen von Sauerstoffisotopen geht hervor, dass ein bezeichnendes Band weissen Eises langs des Randes des Bames Ice Cap pleistozanes Alter besitz t. Aus e inem Fliessmodell lasst sich absch atzen, dass unter dem Zentrum d es Eisschildes die Dicke des Bandes etwa d as 0,6-fache del' r a ndli chen Dicke, a lso etwa 8 m , aufweisen sollte. Eine unabhangige Schatzung jedoch , die a uf berechneten vertikalen Spannungsraten beruht und ausdriicklich kein Schmelzen am U ntergrund a nnimmt, kommt a uf eine Dicke von e twa 22 m unter dem Zentrum d es Eisschildes. Die Diskrepanz zwischen d en beiden Dickenschatzungen lasst sich durch die Annahme von Schmelzvorgangen a m Untergrund beseitigen. Die berechneten Temperaturen am Untergrund bes ta tigen diese folgerung.