Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Epsom Salt on Microorganisms Isolated From Sewage

The occurrence and distribution of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms in sewage maybe a public health concern with regards to disposal. Various sewage treatment methods exist but this study investigates the effectiveness of Epsom salt on sewage microorganisms. Serially diluted samples of sewage were surface plated on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar for isolation of bacteria and fungi present. Four genera of bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Psuedomonasaeruginosa and four genera of fungi; Aspergillusniger , Aspergillusflavus , Penicillium spp. , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated. The susceptibility of these isolates to Epsom salt was determined using the agar diffusion method. Klebsiellapneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to Epsom salt while the fungal isolates were unaffected suggesting that the salt has no antifungal effects.
Multi-label text classification algorithm based on semi-supervised learning

The standard Co-Training algorithm can effectively improve the performance of the classifier by using unlabeled data. In fact, however, it is difficult to meet the requirement of sufficient and redundant views At the same time, the constraints of Co-Training is further relaxed to solve the problem of inaccurate confidence estimation of unlabeled samples. In this paper, imml-knn and mlplsa-knn are used to train the basic classifiers with great difference. By using unlabeled data in the way of providing Pseudotag sample to each other, a Multi-Label Text Classification Algorithm CT-MLTC based on Co-Training is proposed. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good performance in multi label text classification tasks with more unlabeled data.
Fraud with the addition of cow's milk alters the lipid fraction of buffalo mozzarella

Brasil Abstract The shortage of milk at certain times of the year leads to adulteration of buffalo mozzarella, and these frauds alter the composition of milk and buffalo derivatives. This study describes the dynamics of the adulteration on the nutritional quality of mozzarella. Mozzarella was produced from buffalo milk incorporated with cow milk at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% (v/v). The chemical composition, fatty acids profile and cholesterol content of the cheeses were evaluated. The results showed that the fat and protein contents of buffalo cheeses decreased with the addition of cow milk. Furthermore, C4:0, C16:0, C22:0 and C16:1 fatty acids decreased while C8:0 and C10:0 acids fatty acids increased. The most dramatic observation was the elevation of the cholesterol content when cow milk was added. The altered content of short-chain saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content, due to the addition of cow milk to buffalo milk for mozzarella production, modified the nutritional indices. The addition of cow milk to buffalo milk for mozzarella production altered the content of short-chain SFA and the cholesterol content, thereby modifying the nutritional
Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin C on the productive performance, stress and immune response of turkey reared in a natural hypoxic environment

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of vitamin C in the diet of turkeys reared in a natural hypoxic environment (high Andean zone of Peru, 2750 masl), on productive performance, hematological values, stress status and immune function. One-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys were assigned to 5 groups of 5 replicates. The birds of the 5 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of vitamin C for 91 days. Vitamin C decreased heterophile / lymphocyte levels (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, vitamin C at a level greater than or equal to 1000 mg / kg decreased bird mortality (p < 0.05), reduced the stress indicator (p < 0.05), increased the antibody titer (p < 0.05), but did not improve growth parameters (p > 0.05). Consequently, dietary supplementation with vitamin C could regulate productive performance, by reducing the level of mortality, promoting immune function, and improving the state of stress in commercial turkeys, reared in a natural hypoxic environment. These results encourage commercial turkey meat production in
Retrieval of Ocean Wave Parameters Using Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar Data and Its Verification Analysis

Based on MPI iterative retrieve algorithm, we retrieve the 2-D (two-dimensional) ocean wave spectrum by using Envisat ASAR wave mode Single Look Complex (SLC) imageries. The first guess spectrum is a necessary input item to run this MPI algorithm. In this paper, the first guess spectrum was calculated with reanalyzing wind data of ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) as input wind stress of WAM Model. The Significant Wave Heights (SWHs) retrieved from the first guess spectrum as well as the best fit spectrum corresponding to ECMWF and NCEP wind field respectively are compared with the measurement data from buoys all over the world ocean. The comparison shows that the SWHs retrieved by ECMWF wind are less than field measurement buoy data in general, while the SWHs retrieved by NCEP wind are greater than those buoy data, but the mean SWHs of them fit with the field buoy data are better than whichever pro. However, the MPI algorithm makes the retrieved SWHs more accurate in comparison with the first guess spectrum derived from either ECMWF or NCEP wind field. Moreover, the relative error of the MPI method is improved by ∼12 percent with respect to the first guess spectrum.
PEDOT:PSS-based micromuscles and microsensors fully integrated in flexible chips

The demand for polymer-based soft micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) is growing due to the substantial increase of flexible and wearable electronic devices. In this context, electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) fulfil the requirements for soft MEMS by offering the possibility of actuation and sensing, however, their miniaturization, their integration attempts and their resulting performances are still limiting their use in real applications. In this work, elaboration, integration and operation of soft and efficient microtransducers based on commercially available poly(3,4-ethyledioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) conductive ink into flexible chips is demonstrated. This original process overcomes existing hurdles to the fabrication of fully integrated ECP-based devices with gold remote contacts directly in contact with ECPs and further embedding in flexible support. These batch-fabricated chips are actuated at low voltage (±3.0 V) in open-air with individual accessible electrical connections. More importantly, the mechanical strain sensing is evidenced for the first time on such small ECP-based devices after full integration and demonstrating low impact of the microfabrication process. This work opens the way for further development of soft ECP-MEMS and integration into more complex systems with possible applications in microrobotics, microfluidics, optoelectronics, biology, medicine or space.
Manipulating field margins to increase predation intensity in fields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The effectiveness of natural enemies to control pests can be enhanced through habitat manipulation. However, due to the differences in their ecology, generalist and specialist species may respond differently to the same manipulation. Moreover, interactions among natural enemies (i.e. cannibalism, intraguild predation, hyperparasitism) may complicate the assumption that a higher density of natural enemies would increase the level of biological control. We investigated the natural enemy guild composition and the predation rate along flower vs. grass margins at the edge of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields in Denmark. Natural enemies were sampled by pitfall trapping and by suction sampling; predation intensity was measured using two different sentinel prey methods: artificial caterpillars made of plasticine, and sentinel aphid colonies. Specialist and generalist species responded differently to the two margin types: specialists (mostly parasitic wasps) were attracted by the flower margins, while generalists (ground beetles, rove beetles and spiders) were more active in grass margins. The number of artificial caterpillars attacked was significantly greater in grass margins (mean = 48.9%, SD = 24.3) than in flower margins (mean = 30.7%, SD = 17.4). We found a significant positive relationship between the number of artificial caterpillars attacked by chewing insects, and activity density for large (≥15 mm) ground beetles. Predation of sentinel aphids in wheat fields did not vary significantly in relation to margin type. Our results suggest that flowering margins may be beneficial for canopy‐active specialist natural enemies, but grassy margins are more useful for ground‐active generalist predators.
Multimodal channel cancer chemotherapy by 2D functional gadolinium metal–organic framework

Abstract 2D nanomaterials generally exhibit enhanced physiochemical and biological functions in biomedical applications due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and surface charge. Conventional cancer chemotherapy based on nanomaterials has been hindered by their low drug loading and poor penetration in tumor tissue. To overcome these difficulties, novel materials systems are urgently needed. Hereby, the lanthanide-based porphyrin metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets (NSs) with promising cancer imaging/chemotherapy capacities are fabricated, which display superior performance in the drug loading and tumor tissue penetration. The biodegradable PPF-Gd NSs deliver an ultrahigh drug loading (>1500%) and demonstrate the stable and highly sensitive stimuli-responsive degradation/release for multimodal tumor imaging and cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, PPF-Gd NSs also exhibit excellent fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging capability in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the traditional doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy, the in vivo results confirm the evident suppression of the tumor growth by the PPF-Gd/DOX drug delivery system with negligible side effects. This work further supports the potential of lanthanide-based MOF nanomaterials as biodegradable systems to promote the cancer theranostics technology development in the future.
Jacobian Formulation for Two Classes of Cooperative Continuum Robots

Continuum robots (CRs) are an important class of robots inspired by the biological counterparts. Recently, a new paradigm of using multiple CRs, under cooperative continuum robots (CCRs), has been introduced to increase the performance of CRs. The motivation behind this work is to provide a detailed discussion on the concept of CCRs and a detailed description of its two different sub-configurations, including Co-manipulative and Target-assist CCRs. This paper also presents kinematic modeling and Jacobian derivation of these two sub-configurations. It has been shown that kinematics of Co-manipulative CCRs could be well estimated using the DH approach; while, for deriving kinematics of the second subconfiguration, a combination of DH approach and an exact kinematic modeling approach, using Cosserat rod theory, has to be used. The obtained Jacobians could be used for control purposes and CR-based grasp synthesis. Keywords-Continuum robots; cooperative continuum robots; kinematics; Jacobian; grasp synthesis
Total RNA Extraction from Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium Cells

[Abstract] Dinoflagellates are unicellular algae that can have photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic lifestyles. Dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium can enter endosymbiotic associations with corals, providing the metabolic basis for the highly productive and biologically diverse coral-reef ecosystems (Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999), as well as with other cnidarians, including sea anemones and jellyfish, and non-cnidarian hosts (Trench, 1993; Lobban et al., 2002; Mordret et al., 2016). Here, I describe a protocol for isolating total RNA from Symbiodinium cells.
Re-identifying addresses in LoRaWAN networks

LoRaWAN is a long range, low energy and low throughput network technology used to provide connectivity to all kind of devices. Encryption ensure the confidentiality of the conveyed data but do not protects metadata, including the DevAddress which is the device identifier allocated by the LoRa network. Because of the long range of the radio signals and the open nature of the wireless medium, this metadata can be easily collected and can leak potentially sensitive information about a system communicating through LoRa. In addition to the DevAddress, a device is also identified by a DevEUI, a globally unique and permanent identifier. As opposed to the DevAddress, the DevEUIis a static identifier and it can generally be linked to the device manufacturer or the device type. The DevEUI is thus a source of additional information that could be combined with the traffic metadata to gain additional knowledge on a device. However, on the wireless link the DevEUIis only exposed during the join procedure and is never directly associated with other identifiers, and in particular not with the DevAddress. In this documente, focus on this problem and present a method to link a DevEUI to a DevAddress and thus to the associated metadata. Our method relies on the time correlation between messages exchanged during the device activation and registration on the LoRa network. The proposed method is tested on two sets of LoRa traces: a real-world dataset and a synthetic one. The corresponding simulation results shows that a significant fraction of the DevEUI can be matched to a DevAddress. Finally we discuss a number of measures that could be adopted to reduce the efficiency of the presented address linking attack.
The neural representation of missing speech and the influence of prior knowledge on cortical fidelity and latency

In naturally noisy listening conditions, for example at a cocktail party, noise disruptions may completely mask significant parts of a sentence, and yet listeners may still perceive the missing speech as being present. Here we demonstrate that dynamic speech-related auditory cortical activity, as measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG), which can ordinarily be used to directly reconstruct to the physical speech stimulus, can also be used to “reconstruct” acoustically missing speech. The extent to which this occurs depends on the extent that listeners are familiar with the missing speech, which is consistent with this neural activity being a dynamic representation of perceived speech even if acoustically absence. Our findings are two-fold: first, we find that when the speech is entirely acoustically absent, the acoustically absent speech can still be reconstructed with performance up to 25% of that of acoustically present speech without noise; and second, that this same expertise facilitates faster processing of natural speech by approximately 5 ms. Both effects disappear when listeners have no or very little prior experience with a given sentence. Our results suggest adaptive mechanisms of consolidation of detailed representations about speech, and the enabling of strong expectations this entails, as identifiable factors assisting automatic speech restoration over ecologically relevant timescales.
Improved production and purification of recombinant proteins from mammalian expression systems

The biopharmaceutical industry is becoming increasingly reliant on recombinant proteins as therapeutic agents. The work presented here details the development of rapid mammalian expression systems and novel capture methods for use in early recombinant protein development. A key aim was to investigate expression of recombinant proteins via cost effective production methods and to compare the resultant products at small scales of manufacture. A model single chain variable fragment Fc conjugate (scFv-Fc) targeted against a clinically relevant glycoprotein, the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), was expressed and characterised using both transient and stable-based expression of transgenic DNA. Transient gene expression in suspension HEK293 cells produced a maximum scFv-Fc level of 72μg/mL, which was used for initial protein characterisation. A stable pool of transfected CHO cells was also generated using a ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE)-based vector achieving increased protein expression and culture periods when combined with a fed-batch regimen. Characterisation of the resulting proteins showed that stability and effector function was maintained across transient and stable production methods at all scales, indicating that preliminary data generated from transient expression in HEK293F cells could be generalised to predict that of protein stably expressed in CHO cell populations. A significant bottleneck in harvesting and purifying proteins from cell containing feed streams is the requirement for solid-liquid separation prior to capture. Therefore, a technique was proposed for direct capture of recombinant protein from unclarified feed streams that can integrate directly into the bioreactor harvest line. The process was demonstrated using immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) capture of recombinant CEA with a polyhistidine (His6) tag from a bioreactor culture. This provides a basis for direct primary capture of recombinant proteins from unclarified mammalian cell feed streams that could be generalized to other capture methods and proteins.
In Vitro Adventitious Shoot Regeneration through Direct and Indirect Organogenesis from Seedling-derived Hypocotyl Segments of Ficus religiosa L.: An Important Medicinal Plant

Ficus religiosa is an important industrial, medicinal, and ornamental plant, so in vitro regeneration is of high paramount in this valuable germplasm. Two efﬁcient protocols were developed for indirect and direct shoot organogenesis through hypocotyl explants. In the ﬁrst experiment, different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indole butyric acid (IBA) (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg · L L 1 ) in combination with 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) (ratio 10:1, respectively) were used for callus formation. Two types of callus were obtained from different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Also, 2,4-D produced yellow-brownish and friable callus (Type I), whereas the green and compact callus (Type II) was achieved in IBA. The highest callus fresh weight (2.43 g) was observed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 mg · L L 1 2,4-D plus 0.05 mg · L L 1 BAP. In the later experiments, various concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-furfuryl amino purine (KN), and BAP (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg · L L 1 ) in combination with IBA (ratio 10:1, respectively) were applied for shoot regeneration (direct and indirect organogenesis). In shoot regeneration from callus, the highest regeneration frequency (86.66%) and shoot number per callus (4.13) were achieved in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg · L L 1 BAP plus 0.15 mg · L L 1 IBA from type I calli. However, no regeneration was observed in type II calli. In direct shoot regeneration, the highest regeneration frequency (96.66%) and shoot number (6.26) were obtained in the medium mentioned previously. In root induction experiment, different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and IBA alone or in combination were applied, and MS medium containing 2.0 mg · L L 1 IBA along with 0.1 mg · L L 1 NAA was the best hormonal balance for root induction. The rooted plantlets’ survival rate was more than 95% in the acclimatization stage. These results demonstrated that the direct regeneration method provides more shoot regeneration frequency and take a less time for shoot organogenesis than the indirect regeneration method. Based on our knowledge, this study is the ﬁrst report of direct and indirect shoot organogenesis of F. religiosa via hypocotyl from in vitro–grown seedling.
Biodiversity of rotifers in urban water reservoirs of Southern Poland

Abstract Rotifer diversity was studied in three different types of artificial water bodies situated in one of the largest cities in Poland. The bodies of water were as follows: a fountain in a city park, the Nowa Huta dam reservoir, and the Bagry gravelpit. The lowest number of rotifer species (23) was noted in the urban fountain, and the highest (36) in the Bagry gravel-pit lake. Rotifers’ communities in the investigated water reservoirs showed different levels of diversity and density. The most numerous species in the dam reservoir was Trichocerca similis (2511 ind. l-1) and in the Bagry gravel-pit lake was Polyarthra dolichoptera (2634 ind. l-1). However, the most abundant species in the fountain was Brachionus urceolaris (863 ind. l-1). The highest values of Shannon and evenness diversity indices were found in the Bagry gravel-pit lake (H’ = 2.521, J’ = 0.783), while the lowest in the urban fountain (H’ = 0.568, J’ = 0.258). The DCA analysis (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) showed that the diversity of rotifers communities in the studied reservoirs was related to the concentration of magnesium and calcium, and to water conductivity.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE TOLERANCE OF EUROPEAN WILD GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA SUBSP. SYLVESTRIS) AGAINST PHYLLOXERA (DAKTULOSPHAIRA VITIFOLIAE FITCH)

In Sardinia (Italy) wild grape is in excellent health, well represented by number, age, and distribution of populations and is not a species risking extinction. The wild vines in Sardinia came out almost unscathed by the arrival of the plagues of the grape during the nineteenth century. Investigations carried out in the island, if on the one hand confirm the presence of the same pathogens that characterize the cultivated species, on the other hand have shown that the presence of phylloxera certainly does not constitute a significant problem for Sardinian wild grape, even in sites close to infected vineyards. The goal of this preliminary investigation is to assess the resistance of some accessions of wild grape, collected in different areas of Sardinia, to phylloxera. During the winter of 2010, cuttings from 13 accessions of Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris were propagated and compared with self-rooted cuttings of native cultivars and of the rootstock Berlandieri × Rupestris 779P. All vines were subjected to infection of phylloxera and about two years after the infection were examined: vines of the cultivated grapes were highly infested by phylloxera galls, while 779 P rootstocks were healthy. Vines of sylvestris showed the same behaviour of 779 P: phylloxera galls have been found only in one accession of wild grape.