Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Brings a Consumer Back for More? Evidence from Quantifiable Gain and Loss Experiences in Penny Auctions

Evidence increasingly points to the importance of reference-dependence in predicting consumer behavior. We utilize detailed data from penny auctions, which first appeared as an internet phenomenon in the late 2000’s, to uncover how consumers’ prior experiences predict their willingness to try a relatively new experience again. The penny auction setting allows us to concretely quantify consumers’ positive and negative experiences, which avoids the measurement challenges typical in other consumer experience settings. We find the following empirical patterns with respect to nominal gains and losses, which bear intuitive resemblance to reference-dependent behavior: First, consumers’ tendency to return is at least weakly increasing in the outcome from their prior experience; Second, consumers’ return rate on marginal loss experiences drops more steeply than it increases for marginal gain experiences; Third, consumers have an aversion to loss at any level, making them discontinuously less likely to return after any loss compared to after a gain. Developing a theoretical model of consumers’ decisions to return to a service after prior experiences, we derive a reasonable set of sufficient conditions on utility functions and reference point formation which can account for the intuitive empirical findings. Finally, we examine the bracketing tendencies of consumers in calculating their gains and losses after repeated experiences. Consumers tend to bracket narrowly, with the above patterns strengthening the more recently the experience occurred. This is consistent with the intuition that a recent negative experience risks driving consumers away permanently in spite of previous positive experiences.
Évolutions démographiques et retraites : quinze ans de débats

Alors que se precisent les modalites de modification par le gouvernement Ayrault de la reforme de 2010 des retraites, nous republions un article de synthese de Didier Blanchet [1] , auteur du rapport Demographie et economie [2] du Conseil d’analyse economique. Les projections de population de 2006, confirmees par celles de 2010, ont legerement inflechi le diagnostic formule a l’epoque [3] : sous l’effet d’une fecondite plus dynamique que les hypotheses retenues initialement, l’Insee ne prevoit plus une diminution de la population active de l’ampleur decrite mais sa quasi-stabilisation. Neanmoins, puisque la population des plus de 60 ans croit relativement rapidement sous l’effet de l’augmentation continue de l’esperance de vie, le ratio de dependance ne peut qu’augmenter a un rythme soutenu.
Highly scalable hafnium oxide memory with improvements of resistive distribution and read disturb immunity

A 30×30 nm2 HfOx resistance random access memory (RRAM) with excellent electrical performances is demonstrated for the scaling feasibility in this work. A 1 Kb one transistor and one resistor (1T1R) array with robust characteristics was also fabricated successfully. The device yield of the 1 Kb array is 100%, and the endurance for these devices can exceed 106 cycles by a pulse width of 40 ns. Two effective verification methods, which make a tight distribution of high resistance (RHIGH) and low resistance (RLOW) are proposed for the array to ensure a good operation window. A thin AlOx buffer layer under the HfOx layer was adopted to enhance the read disturb immunity. Without large parasitic capacitance, the 1T1R RRAM devices exhibit excellent program(PGM)/erase(ERS) disturb immunity.
Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Plutonium Third Phase Formation in 30% TBP/HNO3/Alkane Diluent Systems

Abstract Third phase formation in the extraction of Pu(IV) nitrate by 30% tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) dissolved in n‐dodecane or in the highly branched diluent hydrogenated polypropylene tetramer (HPT), which may also be known as 4,4 dipropyl heptane or tétrapropylène hydrogéné, was investigated through small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The SANS data were interpreted using the Baxter model for hard‐spheres with surface adhesion. According to this model, the increase in scattering intensity observed when increasing amounts of Pu(NO3)4 are extracted into the organic phase, is due to interactions between small reverse micelles containing three to five TBP molecules. In n‐dodecane, the micelles interact through attractive forces between their polar cores with a potential energy of up to −2.6 kBT. This strong intermicellar attraction leads to organic phase splitting with the separation of most of the solutes of the original organic phase into a distinct phase containing interspersed layers of n‐dodecane. When HPT is the diluent, the intermicellar attraction energy calculated from the SANS data is much lower, and no third phase formation is observed under comparable chemical conditions. However, when a significant amount of the initial aqueous plutonium is in the form of plutonyl ions, PuO2 2+, the critical energy potential is reached even in HPT. A potential explanation of the effect of Pu(VI) involves the formation of a plutonyl trinitrato complex.
Microgel Microenvironment Primes Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells Towards an NP Cells‐Like Phenotype

Cell therapy of the degenerated intervertebral disc is limited by the lack of appropriate cell sources, thus new strategies for the differentiation of stem cells towards a nucleus pulposus (NP)‐like phenotype need investigation. In the current study, it is hypothesized that spherical niche‐like structures composed of type II collagen and hyaluronan (HA) mimic the NP microenvironment and promote the differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) towards an NP‐like phenotype. ADSCs are embedded in microgels of different concentrations of collagen II/HA. Cells' response to the different environments is studied by characterizing differences in cells' viability, morphology, and gene expression. After 21 days of culture, ADSCs maintain ±80% viability in all the conditions tested. Moreover, microgels with higher concentration of collagen are stable and maintain cells in a rounder shape. In presence of differentiation media, cells are able to differentiate in all the conditions tested, but in a more pronounced manner in the microgel with a higher concentration of collagen. By tuning microgels' properties, it is possible to influence ADSCs' phenotype and ability to differentiate. Indeed, when cultured in high concentrations of collagen, ADSCs expresses high levels of collagen II, aggrecan, SOX9, and low levels of collagen I.
Modelización de superredes cuánticas con MathematicaQc

Las superredes cuanticas son dispositivos nanoestruturados formados por varias capas delgadas de semiconductores distribuidas generalmente de forma periodica. Desde un punto de vista pedagogico, resulta sencillo determinar la dispersion de electrones en estos sistemas aplicando un modelo de pozos de potencial definido por la estructura de la red. De esta forma, los coeficientes de transmision y reflexion pueden calcularse con fines docentes mediante el uso del Metodo de las Matrices de Transferencia (MMT). En esta contribucion se presenta un sencillo codigo MMT desarrollado con Mathematica que permite la modelizacion tanto de redes periodicas como de superredes aperiodicas cuasirregulares con la intencion de motivar a los estudiantes de fisica cuantica mediante el uso de geometrias no convencionales como son los fractales o la sucesion de Fibonacci.
Evaluation and application of 600V GaN HEMT in cascode structure

Gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) has matured dramatically over the last few years. More and more devices have been manufactured and field in applications ranging from low power voltage regulator to high power infrastructure base-stations. Compared to the state of art silicon MOSFET, GaN HEMT has much better figure of merit and is potential for high frequency application. In general, 600V GaN HEMT is intrinsically normally-on device. To easily apply depletion mode GaN HEMT in circuit design, a low voltage silicon MOSFET is in series to drive the GaN HEMT, which is well known as cascode structure. This paper studies the characteristics and operation principles of 600V cascode GaN HEMT. Evaluations of GaN HEMT performance based on Buck converter under hard-switching and soft-switching conditions are presented. Experimental results illustrate that GaN HEMT is superior than silicon MOSFET but still needs soft-switching in high frequency operation due to considerable package and layout parasitic inductors and capacitors. Then GaN HEMT is applied to a 1MHz 300W 400V/12V LLC converter. Comparison of experimental results with state of art silicon MOSFET is provided to validate the advantages of GaN HEMT.
Providing anonymity using top down specialization on Big Data using hadoop framework

Sharing of data has become a new trend among internet users which has lead to issue of privacy. Hence to provide privacy to user's data anonymity is provided. Data anonymity is a process of hiding sensitive information which is responsible for breach of privacy. The number of users sharing data has increased tremendously which has to lead to generation of huge data. This huge data that cannot be managed by normal system and software is termed as “Big data”. Existing system and anonymity approaches fail to handle Big Data efficiently. Big data handling is complex issue as to perform any operation system must be capable of manipulating such huge data in acceptable time. System must be highly scalable. This paper provides anonymity for Big Data in a highly scalable fashion. It makes use of MapReduce framework which gains scalability by job level and task level parallelization. K-anonymity is used to provide anonymity which generalises the data. Job level parallelization refers to running of multiple MapReduce jobs simultaneously. Task level parallelization refers to running of multiple mapper/reducer over data splits. To make full use of parallel computation anonymization process is split into two phases. In first phase the huge data set is portioned into small data sets and anonymity is provided. But the data obtained is inconsistent hence second phase is executed which merges this anonymous data into one single huge data set. This paper accomplishes specialization computation in highly scalable manner.
A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Cervical Cord in Multiple Sclerosis

This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between changes of crosssectional cord area and disability in multiple sclerosis. Axial magnetic resonance images at the C‐5 spinal level were obtained at entry and 12 months later for 29 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. The degree of disability was inversely correlated at entry and follow‐up with the crosssectional area and the transverse diameter of the spinal cord. In addition, changes in disability correlated inversely with changes in cross‐sectional area (r = ‐0.4, p = 0.04). These findings suggest that cross‐sectional cord area at C‐5 might be a useful marker of disease evolution.
Réseaux de neurones de quaternions pour le traitement du langage

Machine Learning algorithms reach great performances on different Natural Language Processing tasks. Among these methods, Neural Networks (NN or MLP) recently received a great interest from researchers due to their capability to represent complex internal structures. However, MLPs employ basic word level or thème-based features and, therefore, reveal little in way of document statistical structure. We propose to address this issue by extending the NN to Quaternion called QMLP to take into consideration features dependencies. A well-dedicated segmentation of document approach is also compared to the one proposed in (Morchid et al., 2013). Experiments made on a SLU task with spoken dialogues show that our QMLP associated with the proposed document segmentation outperforms other approaches, with an gain of 2% and 3% compared to MLP and (Morchid et al., 2013) respectively. We finally demonstrated that less iterations are needed by QMLPs to reach better accuracies than MLP. MOTS-CLÉS : Réseaux de neurones, Quaternions, Traitement du langage.
Impact of health care adversity on providers: Lessons learned from a staff support program.

BACKGROUND Health care providers often experience traumatic events and adversity that can have negative emotional impacts on the profession and on patients. These impacts are typically multifaceted and can result from many different events, such as unanticipated outcomes, licensing board complaints, claims, and litigation. Because health care providers are exposed to diverse situations, they require adequate and timely support, imperative for provider resilience and patient safety. This study evaluated the success of an institution's second victim health care support program and best practices in responding to these traumatic experiences effectively. METHODS Twenty faculty and medical residents who utilized the support program at a large hospital system located in Central Texas from 2001 to 2012 participated in 1 of 6 focus groups. Qualitative data were collected from these groups to describe program requirements for the adequate delivery of health care adversity support and necessary program improvements. Responses were first transcribed verbatim. Each research team member analyzed data using a thematic framework approach. This approach helped to characterize traumatic experiences and to design a support system. RESULTS The results revealed that (1) provider experiences are traumatic, (2) it is necessary to communicate an adverse event in a confidential and timely manner, preferably with a peer, (3) preemptive education regarding risk management and the legal process is helpful, and (4) there is a need for further support of the specific experience of a board complaint. CONCLUSIONS Focus group data indicated the complexity of the emotional impact of traumatic experiences. Specific program components are needed to create best practices for providers affected by health care adversity, including support when providers face board complaints. The program's unique combination of support and education allowed us to expand upon leading national health care adversity programs.
Modèles d'information pour la recherche multilingue

We present in this paper well-founded cross-language extensions of the recently introduced models in the information-based family for information retrieval, namely the LL (loglogistic) and SPL (smoothed power law) models of (Clinchant et al., 2010). These extensions are based on (a) a generalization of the notion of information used in the information-based family, (b) a generalization of the random variables also used in this family, and (c) the direct expansion of query terms with their translations. We then review these extensions from a theoretical point-of-view, prior to assessing them experimentally. The results of the experimental comparisons between these extensions and existing CLIR systems, on three collections and three language pairs, reveal that the cross-language extension of the LL model provides a state-of-the-art CLIR system, yielding the best performance overall.
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery.

n engl j med 353;20 www.nejm. org november 17, 2005 2192 to the editor: The causal links between bariatric surgery and pancreatic nesidioblastosis are unclear. Service et al. (July 21 issue)1 suggest a link between nesidioblastosis and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), since GLP-1 causes beta-cell expansion in animal models of diabetes. GLP-1 and the incretin mimetic exenatide enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner.2,3 Similarly, incretin-induced beta-cell expansion appears to be glucose-dependent. It is relevant that studies of two years’ duration in normal mice and rats of exenatide at doses of more than 100 times those given to humans showed no pathological changes in the islets (data on file, Amylin Pharmaceuticals); a study of nine months’ duration in healthy cynomolgus monkeys at doses of more than 400 times those used in humans showed minimal-to-mild islet hypercellularity with no increase in islet size (data on file, Amylin Pharmaceuticals). There have been no reports of recurrent, severe hypoglycemia or of nesidioblastosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during more than 2670 patient-years of exposure to exenatide. Given that neither experimental nor clinical evidence suggests that GLP-1 or exenatide induces nesidioblastosis, and given the multiple hormonal and metabolic changes that occur after bariatric surgery,4-6 we would suggest that the link between bariatric surgery and nesidioblastosis is multifactorial. Further study may lead to insights concerning the regulation of beta-cell function and growth. Thomas Carpenter, Ph.D.
Zone‐specific cell biosynthetic activity in mature bovine articular cartilage: A new method using confocal microscopic stereology and quantitative autoradiography

A new methodology was developed to measure spatial variations in chondrocyte/matrix structural parameters and chondrocyte biosynthetic activity in articular cartilage. This technique is based on the use of a laser scanning confocal microscope that can “optically” section chemically fixed, unembedded tissue. The confocal images are used for morphometric measurement of stereologic parameters such as cell density (cells/mm3), cell volume fraction (%), surface density (1/cm), mean cell volume (μm3), and mean cell surface area (μm2). Adjacent pieces of tissue are simultaneously processed for conventional liquid emulsion autoradiography, and a semiautomated grain counting program is used to measure the silver grain density at regions corresponding to the same sites used for structural measurements. An estimate of chondrocyte biosynthetic activity in terms of grains per cell is obtained by dividing the value for grain density by that for cell density. In this paper, the newly developed methodology was applied to characterize the zone‐specific behavior of adult articular cartilage in the free‐swelling state. Cylinders of young adult bovine articular cartilage were labelled with either [3H]proline or [35S]sulfate, and chondrocyte biosynthesis and structural parameters were measured from the articular surface to the tidemark. The results showed that chondrocytes of the radial zone occupied twice the volume and surface area of the chondrocytes of the superficial zone but were 10 times more synthetically active. This efficient and unbiased technique may prove useful in studying the correlation between mechanically induced changes in cell form and biosynthetic activity within inhomogeneous tissue as well as metabolic changes in cartilage due to ageing and disease.
Vesicle trafficking during sporozoite development in Plasmodium berghei: ultrastructural evidence for a novel trafficking mechanism

SUMMARY Oocysts from Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes fed on murine blood infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei, were fixed for electron microscopy 6–12 days post-feeding. Ultrastructural analysis focused on Golgi-related trafficking pathways for rhoptry and microneme formation during sporogony. A small Golgi complex of 1–3 cisternae is formed close to the spindle pole body from coated vesicles budded from the nuclear envelope which is confluent with the endoplasmic reticulum. Rhoptries begin as small spheroidal bodies apparently formed by fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles, lengthening to 3–4 μm, and increasing in number to 4 per sporozoite. Ultrastructural data indicate the presence of a novel mechanism for vesicle transport between the Golgi complex and rhoptries along a longitudinal 30 nm – thick fibre (rootlet fibre or tigelle). Filamentous links between vesicles and rootlet indicate that this is a previously undescribed vesicle transport organelle. Genesis of micronemes occurs late in bud maturation and starts as spheroidal dense-cored vesicles (pro-micronemes), transforming to their mature bottle-like shape as they move apically. Filamentous links also occur between micronemes and subpellicular microtubules, indicating that as in merozoites, micronemes are trafficked actively along these structures.
LA RECONSTITUTION DES EPROUVETTES EN LABORATOIRE - THEORIE ET PRATIQUE OPERATOIRE

L'ETUDE ABORDE PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT LE CAS DES SOLS COHERENTS ET LA PARTIE EXPERIMENTALE SE LIMITE AU CAS PARTICULIER DES MARNES. CE TRAVAIL S'INTEGRE A UNE RECHERCHE EN COURS SUR LA RHEOLOGIE DES MARNES COMPACTEES ET CONSTITUE DONC UNE PREMIERE PARTIE INDISPENSABLE A CETTE ETUDE. A PARTIR DE CET OBJECTIF RESTREINT QUI ETAIT DONC LA FABRICATION D'EPROUVETTES DE MARNE COMPACTEES, HOMOGENES ET FACILEMENT REPRODUCTIBLES, UNE REFLEXION PLUS LARGE SUR LES PROBLEMES POSES PAR LA RECONSTITUTION DES ECHANTILLONS EN LABORATOIRE A ETE FAITE. AU DEBUT DE CE TRAVAIL, ON RAPPELLE LES DIFFERENTES THEORIES RELATIVES AU COMPACTAGE EN INSISTANT SUR L'ASPECT PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE DES INTERACTIONS ENTRE LES PARTICULES. ENSUITE, ON ABORDE LE PROBLEME DE L'INFLUENCE DE LA METHODE DE COMPACTAGE SUR LE COMPORTEMENT DES SOLS COHERENTS. LE COMPACTAGE SEMI-STATIQUE S'AVERE LE PLUS SATISFAISANT POUR FABRIQUER DES EPROUVETTES DONT LE COMPORTEMENT MECANIQUE EST LE PLUS PROCHE POUR UN MEME SOL MARNEUX COMPACTE EN PLACE. EN OUTRE, TROIS METHODES SONT PROPOSEES POUR OBTENIR DES EPROUVETTES HOMOGENES ET FACILEMENT REPRODUCTIBLES. LA PREMIERE METHODE EST LA RECONSTITUTION D'ECHANTILLONS DANS UNE CELLULE TRIAXIALE ; LA DEUXIEME METHODE CONSISTE A REALISER UN COMPACTAGE PAR COUCHES MAIS AVEC UNE EPAISSEUR DE COUCHE TELLE QUE LE FROTTEMENT SOL-MOULE SOIT SUFFISANT POUR QUE LE COMPACTAGE DES COUCHES SUCCESSIVES NE MODIFIE PAS LA COMPACITE DE CELLES DEJA REALISEES ; LA TROISIEME METHODE PERMET AU CONTRAIRE DE REALISER L'EPROUVETTE EN UNE SEULE COUCHE, LE FROTTEMENT ETANT PRATIQUEMENT ANNULE, EN INTERPOSANT UNE MEMBRANE ENTRE LE SOL ET LE MOULE. ENFIN, DANS LA DERNIERE PARTIE DE CE RAPPORT, ON EXAMINE L'INFLUENCE DE QUELQUES FACTEURS POUVANT MODIFIER LE COMPORTEMENT MECANIQUE D'UN SOL COMPACTE : LE POIDS VOLUMIQUE, DE FAIBLES VARIATIONS DE TENEUR EN EAU ET LE TEMPS DE CONSERVATION DES EPROUVETTES. (A).
[Effect of danpu capsule on inflammatory factors in rat model of autoimmune prostatitis].

OBJECTIVE To explore the acting mechanism of Danpu Capsule (DPC) in treating chronic prostatitis by observing its effect on inflammatory factors in autoimmune prostatitis rat model. METHODS The rat model was established by abdominal subcutaneous multiple points injection of rat's prostate tissue antigen. Thirty modeled rats were randamly divided into 3 groups, the DPC group, the Qianlietai Tablet (QLT) group and the model group. They were treated via gastrogavage respectively with DPC, Qianlietai Tablet and normal saline respectively. Besides, a control group was set up with 10 healthy rats. All animals were sacrificed 56 days after treatment. Pathologic change of prostatic tissue was observed by light microscopy, and the levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in blood serum and prostatic tissue were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the serum and prostatic levels of IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, as well as the prostatic level of PGE2 in the model group were higher (P <0.05 or P <0.01). In the DPC group, the serum and prostatic levels of IL-8 was 3.07 +/- 0.61 ng/L and 7.32 +/- 2.44 ng/L respectively, which was lower than those in the model group (4.73 +/- 1.95 ng/L and 10.14 +/- 3.64 ng/L, respectively); that of TNF-alpha in the DPC group (85.34 +/- 19.20 ng/L and 87.01 +/- 15.4 ng/L) was also lower in the model group (111.48 +/- 31.57 ng/L and 119.88 +/- 14.13 ng/L); similar difference between the two groups was also shown in prostatic level of IL-10 (34.05 +/- 7.56 ng/L vs 47.20 +/- 15.97 ng/L), and so was PGE2 (603.97 +/- 114.62 ng/L vs 712.58 +/- 117.10 ng/L), all with statistical significance (P <0.05 or P <0. 01). CONCLUSION DPC could reduce the prostatic inflammatory response of model rats, and regulate the local immune condition.