Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GeOx/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as an Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries: Enhanced Capacity via Reversible Utilization of Li2O along with Improved Rate Performance

A self‐assembled GeOx/reduced graphene oxide (GeOx/RGO) composite, where GeOx nanoparticles are grown directly on reduced graphene oxide sheets, is synthesized via a facile one‐step reduction approach and studied by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy elemental mapping, and other techniques. Electrochemical evaluation indicates that incorporation of reduced graphene oxide enhances both the rate capability and reversible capacity of GeOx, with the latter being due to the RGO enabling reversible utilization of Li2O. The composite delivers a high reversible capacity of 1600 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, and still maintains a capacity of 410 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 20 A g−1. Owing to the flexible reduced graphene oxide sheets enwrapping the GeOx particles, the cycling stability of the composite is also improved significantly. To further demonstrate its feasibility in practical applications, the synthesized GeOx/RGO composite anode is successfully paired with a high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1. 5O4 cathode to form a full cell, which shows good cycling and rate performance.
The case for solar thermal steam propulsion system for interplanetary travel: Enabling simplified isru utilizing neos and small bodies

Sustainable space exploration will require the use of off-world resources for propellant generation. Use of offworld-generated propellant will significantly increase the range and payload capacity of future missions. Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) contain a range of available resources, including water as ices and hydrated minerals. However, water-bearing regolith would need to be excavated and the water extracted. Water is a compelling choice for fuel as it can be electrolyzed using solar photovoltaics to produce hydrogen and oxygen that is combusted to provide thrust. Our earlier work shows Isp of 350 to 420 s can be achieved. However, this water contains impurities including carbon monoxide and sulfur that can shorten the life of high-efficiency electrolyzers. Complex processes are required to remove these impurities, which makes water extraction from NEOs challenging by electrolysis. A credible alternative is to simply extract water, together with impurities, and heat it into steam for propulsion. Early techniques have proposed nuclear reactors for generating heat. In this paper, we propose using solar concentrators and carbonblack or Vanta-blackTM nanoparticles to heat the water into steam. This solar thermal heating (STH) process converts 80 to 99 % of the incoming sunlight into heat. The process is efficient and contains no moving parts. Heat is first used to extract water, which is then condensed as liquid. Steam is then formed using solar thermal reflectors that concentrate the Sun’s heat onto a nanoparticle covered surface. In theory, the water can be heated to 1000 o K to 3000 o K with Isp of 190 s to 320 s. This approach, while not offering superior propulsion performance compared to hydrogen-oxygen combustion, is simple and robust. Steam-based propulsion is comparable to current monopropellants or even some bi-propellants used on upper stages of interplanetary spacecrafts. This propulsion system can offer higher thrust than current electrical propulsion: there is also minimal risk as the water is inert and easily stored. Preliminary laboratory experiments support our theoretical results.
Essential Dynamic Transformation as Specific Highly Characterizable Indices of Progression of the Initial Mild Cognitive Impairment Phase of Alzheimer Patients

Dynamics of transforming potential underlie the systems of heterogeneous progression to a final demented state in Alzheimer patients. Such dynamics reflect many of the attributes of an essentially variable vascular series of substrates that implicate various component systems of the blood brain barrier as endothelium and also of the subcortical structures and cortex as further delineated by systems of heterogeneous nature in progression of the mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer type. Transforming dynamics of initial mild phases of cognitive impairment come to assume a dominant profile determination that characterises the subsequent emergence of neuronal lesions and of neuronal cell loss as suggested by development of synaptic pathology and as further projected by the development of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid-beta is a recognizable feature of Alzheimer pathology that evolves as accumulative dimensions of such Alzheimer pathology.
Associated skeletal and dental remains of a fossil odontaspidid shark (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes)from the Middle Eocene Lillebælt Clay Formation in Denmark

Skeletal and dental remains of an odontaspidid shark from the Eocene Lillebælt Clay found within a volume of approximately 1.5 × 1.5 m × 2 m. They are all but one tooth interpreted to come from a single individual shark because of identical morphological characteristics and preservation among the vertebrae and teeth found within the small area at a single stratigraphic horizon. The fossil assemblage is now housed in the Natural History Museum of Denmark under the catalogue number DK541 after it was declared ‘Danekræ’ (Christensen & Hald 1991) in 2008. Associated remains of sharks are rare in the fossil record due to the cartilaginous nature of their skeleton. The fossil assemblage that largely constitutes a single shark individual is thus significant. The aim of this paper is to describe the fossil shark and to discuss its palaeobiological significance along with another shark that co-occurred as an isolated tooth. The anatomical terminology used here largely follows Ridewood (1921) and Cappetta (1987). In 2007, a set of fossil shark vertebrae and teeth was collected at a Danish Middle Eocene locality on the southeast coast of Trelde Næs, north of Fredericia (GPS coordinates: N 55°36'05.2'', E 09°48'38.6''; Fig. 1). The site is situated immediately south-west of the Vesterskov Section described by Schnetler & Heilmann-Clausen (2011). The fossil assemblage was collected by three paleontology enthusiasts. Dennis Løndal Rasmussen found the first seven vertebrae and, together with Mogens Madsen, he discovered two more vertebrae in the same area two days later. One week later, he went back to the site with Søren Nielsen-Englyst to open an excavation where the rest of the vertebrae were retrieved. In addition, 20 kg of sediments were taken during the excavation and were screen-washed at the Natural History Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen by Sten Lennart Jakobsen. This yielded additional materials, including one vertebra and six tooth remains. All the components of the fossil assemblage were Associated skeletal and dental remains of a fossil odontaspidid shark (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes) from the Middle Eocene Lillebælt Clay Formation in Denmark
Active Video Games: Paving the way to Virtual Online Active Games

Although considerable research has been conducted on playing active video games (AVGs), the majority has focused on proximal play. Little has been reported on distance-based AVG play, identified in this paper as virtual online active games (VOAGs). The potential benefits of VOAGs lies in their ability to connect similar and different populations, genders and generations over the Internet for a new type of gaming in which family, friends
Simultaneous Administration of Aqueous Extract of Rosmarinus officinal with Nicotine Resulted in Prevention of Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Guinea Pigs

Rosemary extracts have a high scavenging capacity of different types of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, mostly free radicals. The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extract of rosemary as a natural source of antioxidants to minimize the harmful effects of nicotine induced hepatorenal toxicity in Guinea pigs. In this study, twenty four adult male Guinea pigs were used for this study and divided into four groups. The first group was control group, the 2nd was the rosemary group orally received rosemary (220 mg/kg body weight /day), the 3rd was the experimental and received intraperitoneal injection of nicotine (6 mg/kg body weight /day), the 4th one co-administered intraperitoneal injection of nicotine (6 mg/kg body weight /day) and rosemary (220 mg/kg body weight /day) orally by gavage for 30 days. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ- glutamyltransferase activities, total proteins, albumin, and globulin concentrations, albumin concentration/globulin concentration (A/G) ratio, urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium ion, and potassium ion concentrations. In nicotine treated animals, the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ- glutamyl transferase activities, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and potassium ion concentrations were significantly (p<0.05), increased as compared to the control group. On the other hand, serum total proteins, albumin, and sodium ion concentrations of nicotine treated Guinea pigs, were significantly (p<0.05), decreased compared with control animals. But, globulin concentrations and A/G ratio were non significantly changed. Co-administration of rosemary significantly improved all biochemical parameters. It can be concluded that, simultaneous administration of aqueous extract of rosemary with nicotine resulted in prevention of induced hepatorenal toxicity in Guinea pigs. It is recommended that the heavy smokers should be advised to take rosemary as antioxidant to prevent the hepatorenal toxicity. Further studies are necessary to elucidate exact mechanism of hepatorenal protection and potential usefulness of aqueous extract of rosemary as a protective agent against nicotine induced hepatorenal toxicity in clinical trials.
Small ice crystals in cirrus clouds : A model study and comparison with in situ observations

Abstract An air parcel model including homogeneous freezing nucleation of ice crystals has been used to study the formation and development of cirrus clouds. In situ measurements taken during March 1994 over southern Germany were used for comparison with model predictions. Typical experimental data were chosen for a base-case model run. Using measured aerosol properties as input values, the model predicts the measured ice crystal size distribution. In particular, both measurements and model results show the presence of numerous small ice crystals (diameter between 1 and 20 μm). Both measurements and model results also show that small aerosol particles (below 0.1 μm diameter) are active in forming cirrus cloud particles. The modeled microphysical properties including ice crystal size distribution, number concentration, and the residual particle size distribution are in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on the measured parameter values, a model sensitivity study considering air parcel updraft.
Indoor Particulate Matter and Its Characteristics Challenging for Environmental Remediation Muhammad

The release of inefficient stoves and solid fuels for heating and cooking is a clause of approximately 4 million premature deaths yearly. The cooking with biomass is very common, little information regarding kitchen characteristics and challenging on human health issue and an understanding of the effect and interaction of i.e. tobacco smoke in home as well as in offices is achieved. In many parts of our country the level of SOx, NOx,NH3 are becoming public health issue. As increasing investment are made to tackle this important public health issue, there is need for identifying and providing guidance on best practice for stove and exposure performance monitoring, particularly for health issue and evaluation studies. This review article includesdiscussion on indoor particulate matter pollution, different ways of sampling and their characteristics challenging. The material collected from different research paper published in various journals and from government reports.
Automatic Identity Recognition Using Speech Biometric

Biometric technology refers to the automatic identification of a person using physical or behavioral traits associated with him/her. This technology can be an excellent candidate for developing intelligent systems such as speaker identification, facial recognition, signature verification.etc. Biometric technology can be used to design and develop automatic identity recognition systems, which are highly demanded and can be used in banking systems, employee identification, immigration, e-commerce…etc. The first phase of this research emphasizes on the development of automatic identity recognizer using speech biometric technology based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques provided in MATLAB. For our phase one, speech data is collected from 20 (10 male and 10 female) participants in order to develop the recognizer. The speech data include utterances recorded for the English language digits (0 to 9), where each participant recorded each digit 3 times, which resulted in a total of 600 utterances for all participants. For our phase two, speech data is collected from 100 (50 male and 50 female) participants in order to develop the recognizer. The speech data is divided into text-dependent and text-independent data, whereby each participant selected his/her full name and recorded it 30 times, which makes up the text-independent data. On the other hand, the text-dependent data is represented by a short Arabic language story that contains 16 sentences, whereby every sentence was recorded by every participant 5 times. As a result, this new corpus contains 3000 (30 utterances * 100 speakers) sound files that represent the text-independent data using their full names and 8000 (16 sentences * 5 utterances * 100 speakers) sound files that represent the text-dependent data using the short story. For the purpose of our phase one of developing the automatic identity recognizer using speech, the 600 utterances have undergone the feature extraction and feature classification phases. The speech-based automatic identity recognition system is based on the most dominating feature extraction technique, which is known as the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC). For feature classification phase, the system is based on the Vector Quantization (VQ) algorithm. Based on our experimental results, the highest accuracy achieved is 76%. The experimental results have shown acceptable performance, but can be improved further in our phase two using larger speech data size and better performance classification techniques such as the Hidden Markov Model (HMM).
Insights on lean gamification for higher education

Purpose There is no argument that using games (gamification) is an efficient way of learning in higher education. The questions, though, are which gamification approach is most suitable at that level and how to assess its suitability? This paper aims to attempt to partially answer these two questions, in the context of lean thinking education. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers an assessment criteria to investigate the impact of lean gamification based on the evaluation of motivational, cognitive and social processing during games. In addition, a study is conducted among selected games using these assessment criteria. The study included statistical as well as comparative analysis. The study was based on a sample of undergraduate students learning various lean thinking concepts through physical games over the course of six months. Findings Results showed different interaction levels between the three evaluation criteria depending on the type and design of the lean game. The reported scores and analysis drew various lessons on how to use gamification in the context of lean teaching, outlined some best practices in lean games design and suggested recommendations in mapping lean games from industrial domain to higher education domain. Research limitations/implications The scope of this research was bounded by the sample size of students as well as the selected nine lean thinking games. Larger pool of students as well as other lean thinking games can offer further insights and confirm the outlined ones. Practical implications The presented work will help lean thinking educators in higher education to better understand the student dynamics associated with engaging them in this type pf pedagogical approach. It will help guiding lean thinking games’ designer on how to better cater for this segment of lean thinking learners. Finally, it will aid in promoting lean gamification as an effective learning tool. Social implications The social impact is achieved through enhancing lean thinking education to a wide number of students. This will positively impact the society through the application of the effective lean tools at different stages, levels and places in these students’ life experiences. Originality/value This study offers one of the very few applications in gamification assessment in the context of lean thinking. Furthermore, it integrates the social processing criterion for the first time with the classical two other criteria (motivation and cognitive) used in games education assessment. Finally, it offers new insights for lean thinking game designers for higher education learners.
Cultivating System Change in Rural Forensic Nursing

The nursing profession has an obligation to advance nursing in all roles and settings through scholarly inquiry, professional standards development, and the generation of nursing and health policy. Nursing in secure treatment facilities such as prisons, jails, forensic hospitals, and juvenile treatment centers have made advances in research and professional standards. In many forensic settings, especially rural forensic settings, there continues to be challenges to quality care and the maintenance of a professional environment. This article provides the organizational context, sociopolitical history, and motivation for systematic change in rural forensic nursing. Thoughtfulness, organization, and leadership are emphasized in the plan for increasing networking for rural forensic nurses. Through networking of forensic nurses and creation of transformational nursing leaders, change can emerge. Word Count: 121
Twin Deficits and Inflation Dynamics in a Mundell-Fleming-Tobin Framework

In this paper we consider a small open economy of the Mundell-Fleming-Tobin type. We study its accumulation laws of government and foreign debt (or surpluses) and couple these dynamics with a standard Phillips curve approach for such an economy. The resulting dynamical system and the equilibrium relationships on which it is based are rather complex and allow for a variety of monetary and exchange rate regimes and stability results. We study in this paper in particular the case of an interest and exchange rate peg and a regime with perfectly flexible exchange rates and given money supply. In both case we get stable adjustment processes of the considered twin deficits or surpluses only under very restrictive assumptions on the behavioral equations of the model and various type of instability results otherwise, to be investigated in more detail in future research.
Deep Learning in Image Computing: An Overview

Deep learning is a growing trend in computing. It is an improvement to artificial neural network. Deep Neural Networks are used in image classification, detection and segmentation. In this paper, an overview is carried out about the usage of deep neural network in various areas of image computing including image quality assessment, document imaging, object recognition, medical imaging, content based image retrieval and microscopy images with representative notable works in these areas. These works reveal that promising results are emerging with the help of deep learning architecture. Keywords— Deep Learning, CNN, LSTM, RNN, CBIR, Image quality assessment, Document Images, Object Recognition, Medical Images, Microscopy Images.
The long and the short of Wencheng tones – acoustic and auditory description of tonologically challenging phenomena in an Oujiang Wu dialect of Chinese

Auditory and acoustic data are presented to document some tonologically challenging aspects of the seven tones of Wénchéng, a south-west Oujiang Wu dialect of Chinese. Tones are described both in isolation form and in selected lexical tone sandhi combinations. It is shown how the complexity of the tonal system results in clashes between tonological representation and phonetic reality.
Ice particle habits in Arctic clouds

Ice crystals in atmospheric clouds have shapes, which affect their density, terminal fall velocity, growth rate and radiative properties. In calculations for climate change predictions, weather forecasting of precipitation, and remote sensing retrievals, idealized crystal shapes such as columns, needles, plates and dendrites are assumed. Using new technology imaging instrumentation with a resolution of 2.3 µm, recent observations in Arctic clouds have shown that such pristine habits only describe approximately 3% of the particles. The measurements were made from an aircraft during April 1998 and cover a temperature range of 0 °C to −45°C. Boundary layer, multi‐layer and cirrus clouds were examined. The commonly observed irregularly shaped particles either consisted of faceted polycrystalline particles or sublimating (solid to vapor) ice particles with smooth curving sides and edges. Since climate warming is now predicted to be largest in the Arctic, and cloud properties significantly affect the radiation balance, it will be necessary to consider the effects of non‐pristine ice particle habits in such calculations and predictions.
Tackling food poverty: alternative food supply chain provisions for the disadvantaged

This paper explores how innovative food supply chain provisions could help to address food poverty and access inequality facing the disadvantaged communities. An understanding of exiting food provisions were established via a focus group discussion with multiple stakeholders. Challenges to their operations were further explored. Following this, an in-depth case study of two emerging supply chain models was conducted providing empirical evidence on their economic viability and social impact. This research paves a new research paradigm for operations management research that puts the disadvantaged consumers at the centre of its enquiry, adding a new dimension to sustainability.
Emphasizing Syntax for French to German Machine Translation

This paper tackles the issue of automated translation from French to German, using syntactic analysis to enhance the results of lexical statistics approaches of these last years. It is a non symmetrical method aiming at producing correctly built sentences in the target language, from parsed sentences in source language. The idea is that translation between weakly divergent languages could be optimized relying on parsing output of the sentence to be translated. Then, after applying lexical transfer, the generation of the sentence in target language is performed through a set of light and recurrent transformations, applicable on the parsing tree structure. This paper describes a ﬁrst study of divergence with an experiment on a corpus of aligned sentences extracted from the Little Prince of Saint-Exupéry.