Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tunica albuginea tissue analysis after electromotive drug administration.

PURPOSE To minimize patient discomfort electromotive drug administration has been used as noninvasive transdermal therapy for Peyronie's disease. We directly measured the tissue concentration of verapamil after electromotive drug administration to investigate whether this treatment modality is an effective drug delivery system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 19 tunica albuginea samples from 16 men undergoing surgical treatment for Peyronie's disease were used for analysis. Of these 16 men 14 underwent electromotive drug administration, including 12 with 10 mg. verapamil and 2 with 10 mg. verapamil plus 0.05 mg. epinephrine. In 2 men partial plaque excision was performed and the tunica albuginea samples were directly injected with verapamil. Another 3 men who served as controls had no exposure to verapamil. Electromotive drug administration was performed at an output of 2 mA. for 20 minutes. Tissue analysis was done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Control tunica albuginea samples showed a verapamil level that was undetectable up to 109 ng. /gm. The 14 verapamil electromotive drug administration treated specimens demonstrated undetectable to 37,510 ng. /gm. verapamil. Overall 10 of the 14 electromotive drug administration treated tunica albuginea specimens (71.5%) contained measurable levels of verapamil. Adding epinephrine to the drug solution did not appear to enhance drug delivery. The concentration of verapamil in the 2 direct verapamil injection tunica albuginea samples was 166,898 and 118,411 ng. /gm. , respectively. There were no surgery or electromotive drug administration related complications. CONCLUSIONS Electromotive drug administration is a safe and noninvasive treatment modality. Verapamil was detected in 71.5% of tunica albuginea specimens after electromotive drug administration with a wide range of verapamil levels. To our knowledge whether these levels affect change in Peyronie's disease plaque, resulting in improvement in penile deformity, is unknown and requires further placebo controlled trials.
Previous exercise attenuates muscle sympathetic activity and increases blood flow during acute euglycemic hyperinsulinemia.

Insulin infusion causes muscle vasodilation, despite the increase in sympathetic nerve activity. In contrast, a single bout of exercise decreases sympathetic activity and increases muscle blood flow during the postexercise period. We tested the hypothesis that muscle sympathetic activity would be lower and muscle vasodilation would be higher during hyperinsulinemia performed after a single bout of dynamic exercise. Twenty-one healthy young men randomly underwent two hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps performed after 45 min of seated rest (control) or bicycle exercise (50% of peak oxygen uptake). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography), forearm blood flow (FBF, plethysmography), blood pressure (BP, oscillometric method), and heart rate (HR, ECG) were measured at baseline (90 min after exercise or seated rest) and during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps. Baseline glucose and insulin concentrations were similar in the exercise and control sessions. Insulin sensitivity was unchanged by previous exercise. During the clamp, insulin levels increased similarly in both sessions. As expected, insulin infusion increased MSNA, FBF, BP, and HR in both sessions (23 +/- 1 vs. 36 +/- 2 bursts/min, 1.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.2 ml.min(-1). 100 ml(-1), 89 +/- 2 vs. 92 +/- 2 mmHg, and 58 +/- 1 vs. 62 +/- 1 beats/min, respectively, P < 0.05). BP and HR were similar between sessions. However, MSNA was significantly lower (27 +/- 2 vs. 31 +/- 2 bursts/min), and FBF was significantly higher (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.1 ml.min(-1). 100 ml(-1), P < 0.05) in the exercise session compared with the control session. In conclusion, in healthy men, a prolonged bout of dynamic exercise decreases MSNA and increases FBF. These effects persist during acute hyperinsulinemia performed after exercise.
A NOVEL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SINGLE BIT LINE SRAM WITH INCREASE IN READ NOISE MARGIN WITH ADIABATIC CHANGE OF WORD LINE VOLTAGE

The rapid development in VLSI fabrication in recent years has led to reduced device geometries and increased transistor densities of integrated circuits and very high frequency operation. Semiconductor memory arrays capable of storing large quantities of digital information are essential to all digital systems for embedded multimedia and communication applications realized using system on a chip (SoC) technology. The everincreasing demand for larger data storage capacity has driven the fabrication technology and memory development toward more compact design rules. SRAM (static random access memory) is high speed memory fabricated on a chip made from semiconductor material. A low power SRAM has many uses. It can be used as an embedded memory in processors or as a standalone SRAM integrated as an external memory during board design stage. The aim of this project is the Design and VLSI Implementation of a low power SRAM in time-wise change in DNM revealed that the read noise margin of this circuit was 1.9 times larger than that of a conventional two-BL circuit, according to the IEEE standards, including Longest Path Calculations, Schematic, Layout, Verification and Simulations, as well as Cost Analysis . The design constraints are memory speed, silicon area, power consumption, data retention, and economic constraints. Index Terms – System on Chip, Read Noise Margin, Bit Line, Word Line
Dynamique du phytoplancton en mer Méditerranée : approches par mesures à haute fréquence, modélisation, et statistiques bayésiennes

L'ensemble des ecosystemes marins repose sur le phytoplancton pour convertir le carbone atmospherique en matiere organique par le processus de photosynthese. Deux approches sont presentees pour mesurer la productivite du phytoplancton en tenant compte de l'evolution temporelle de la taille des cellules. Elles traduisent, par essence, l'assimilation progressive du carbone inorganique au cours du cycle de vie d'une cellule et sa reallocation d'une generation a l'autre au moment de la division cellulaire. Dans le milieu naturel, ce flux de carbone depend des communautes phytoplanctoniques et de leurs sensibilites. L'observation du phytoplancton dans un milieu perturbe a faible echelle de temps et/ou d'espace est essentielle pour anticiper le changement climatique. La Mediterranee en particulier est amenee a modifier rapidement son climat et les populations qu'elle abrite. En mer Mediterranee comme dans l'ocean global, les campagnes de mesures sont a la base des scenarios qui traduisent l'impact de l'environnement sur le fonctionnement et la capacite du phytoplancton a tamponner les emissions de gaz issues de l'activite humaine.
Evolution of music by public choice

Music evolves as composers, performers, and consumers favor some musical variants over others. To investigate the role of consumer selection, we constructed a Darwinian music engine consisting of a population of short audio loops that sexually reproduce and mutate. This population evolved for 2,513 generations under the selective influence of 6,931 consumers who rated the loops’ aesthetic qualities. We found that the loops quickly evolved into music attributable, in part, to the evolution of aesthetically pleasing chords and rhythms. Later, however, evolution slowed. Applying the Price equation, a general description of evolutionary processes, we found that this stasis was mostly attributable to a decrease in the fidelity of transmission. Our experiment shows how cultural dynamics can be explained in terms of competing evolutionary forces.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) could be described as a short‐term, high‐dose oxygen inhalation and diffusion therapy, delivered systemically through airways and blood, achieved by having the patient breathing concentrated oxygen at a pressure higher than 1 absolute atmosphere. In clinical practice, monoplace or multiplace hyperbaric chambers are used to achieve this. Treatment is usually given as daily 90‐ to 120‐min‐long HBO sessions at pressures between 2.0 and 2.5 absolute atmosphere, aiming for 30–40 treatment sessions.
Acute and training effects of resistance exercise on heart rate variability

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used as a non‐invasive method to evaluate heart rate (HR) regulation by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. In this review, we discuss the effect of resistance exercise both acutely and after training on HRV in healthy individuals and in those with diseases characterized by autonomic dysfunction, such as hypertension and fibromyalgia. HR recovery after exercise is influenced by parasympathetic reactivation and sympathetic recovery to resting levels. Therefore, examination of HRV in response to acute exercise yields valuable insight into autonomic cardiovascular modulation and possible underlying risk for disease. Acute resistance exercise has shown to decrease cardiac parasympathetic modulation more than aerobic exercise in young healthy adults suggesting an increased risk for cardiovascular dysfunction after resistance exercise. Resistance exercise training appears to have no effect on resting HRV in healthy young adults, while it may improve parasympathetic modulation in middle‐aged adults with autonomic dysfunction. Acute resistance exercise appears to decrease parasympathetic activity regardless of age. This review examines the acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on HRV in young and older adults.
Etude d'un peuplement de grands mammiferes forestiers tropicaux frequentant une clairiere : structure des populations ; utilisation des ressources ; coexistence intra- et inter-populationnelle

Dans le bassin du congo, en afrique centrale, se trouvent de nombreuses clairieres marecageuses incluses au sein de la foret tropicale. Le parc national d'odzala, en republique du congo, abrite une centaine de ces prairies marecageuses. Elles sont frequentees par une faune diversifiee, et la clairiere de maya nord, en particulier, est regulierement visitee dans la journee par six especes de grands mammiferes forestiers herbivores, a savoir elephant, gorille, buffle, sitatunga, hylochere et potamochere. C'est sur ce site que nous avons choisi de mener une etude de la communaute des grands consommateurs primaires afin de quantifier et d'expliquer l'attractivite de la clairiere, d'analyser son influence potentielle sur la demographie et les comportements des populations animales, d'etudier les mecanismes de coexistence au sein de la communaute et enfin d'estimer, a moyen terme, la durabilite du systeme clairiere-herbivores. La clairiere de maya nord est un site particulierement attractif pour les grands mammiferes herbivores. En temoignent la presence continue des buffles et des sitatungas de meme que le fait qu'elle soit visitee par plus de 600 elephants et 400 gorilles qui la frequentent 9 jours sur 10. L'etude des activites des six espece montre que la clairiere represente essentiellement un espace trophique en liaison avec l'abondance des herbacees et la richesse des sols et des vegetaux en sels mineraux. La presence des clairieres saliferes semble etre un facteur positif pour la demographie des populations comme le suggere l'existence de fortes densites ainsi que des taux de naissance et de survie des jeunes eleves chez les sitatungas et les gorilles notamment. D'autre part, l'ouverture du milieu semble avoir favorise la socialite des sitatungas en permettant la formation d'un vrai groupe social. Grace au partage spatio-temporel des ressources et a leur abondance, la competition interspecifique est reduite et tres peu d'interactions agonistiques ont ete relevees. Les clairieres saliferes, dont le maintien depend essentiellement de l'importance de la frequentation animale, forment avec les herbivores qui les frequentent un systeme stable. Toutefois, la baisse de la pression exercee par les consommateurs primaires (broutage, pietinement) pourrait entrainer une reprise forestiere rapide.
COMPARISON OF DUPLEX ULTRASOUND WITH DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF INFRA‐INGUINAL AUTOLOGOUS VEIN BYPASS GRAFTS

Background: Postoperative surveillance of infra‐inguinal vein grafts has arisen because of the high incidence of vein graft stenoses, which frequently progress to vein graft occlusion. The use of duplex ultrasound as the primary imaging method for graft surveillance is well established. This study aims to compare the accuracy of duplex ultrasound with the reference standard of digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of infra‐inguinal vein grafts.
Experimental evaluation of time domain energy detection for cognitive radio applications

This article presents results of the evaluation of the energy detection technique that can be used for the implementation of cognitive radio DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Allocation). The experimental data consists of received signal measurements at geo-positioned points different routes in a urban area, when OFDM signals are transmitted in 3.5 MHz channels with the central frequency of 3,44 GHz. The results are the evaluation of the detection error and the possibility of secondary use of the spectrum along the measurement routes.
Intra-Operative Non-Rigid Registration of Brain Images

We present a 3D extension and validation of an intra-operative registration framework that accommodates tissue resection. The framework is based on the bijective Demons method, but instead of regularizing with the traditional Gaussian smoother, we apply an anisotropic diffusion filter with the resection modeled as a diffusion sink. The diffusion sink prevents unwanted Demon forces that originates from the resected area from diffusing into the surrounding area. Another attractive property of the diffusion sink is the resulting continuous deformation field across the diffusion sink boundary, which allows us to move the boundary of the diffusion sink without changing values in the deformation field. The area of resection is estimated by a level-set method evolving in the space of image intensity disagreements in the intra-operative image domain. A product of using the bijective Demons method is that we can also provide an accurate estimate of the resected tissue in the preoperative image space. Validation of the proposed method was performed on a set of 25 synthetic images. Our experiments show a significant improvement in accommodating resection using the proposed method compared to two other Demons based methods.
Bryophyte diaspore bank: a genetic memory? Genetic structure and genetic diversity of surface populations and diaspore bank in the liverwort Mannia fragrans (Aytoniaceae).

Propagule banks are assumed to be able to store considerable genetic variability. Bryophyte populations are expected to rely more heavily on stored propagules than those of seed plants due to the vulnerability of the haploid gametophyte. This reliance has important implications for the genetic structure and evolutionary potential of surface populations. A liverwort, Mannia fragrans, was used to test whether the bryophyte diaspore bank functions as a "genetic memory. " If a diaspore bank is capable of conserving genetic variability over generations, the levels of genetic diversity in the soil are expected to be similar or higher than at the surface. Surface and diaspore bank constituents of two populations of M. fragrans were investigated. Genetic structure and diversity measured as unbiased heterozygosity were analyzed using three ISSR markers. Similar genetic diversities were found in the soil (H(s) = 0.067) and at the surface (H(s)= 0.082). However, more haplotypes and specific haplotype lineages were present in soil samples. The results suggest that the bryophyte diaspore bank has an important role in accumulating genetic variability over generations and seasons. It is postulated that the role of the diaspore bank as a "genetic memory" is especially important in species of temporarily available habitats that have long-lived spores and genetically variable populations.
The ability of university teachers to recognize and regulate their emotional involvement

The topic of this article is to present the findings of a research into university teachers' skin conductivity changes due to emotions they experience while watching an emotional video. Using a questionnaire we evaluated how much they realize their emotional involvement, how much they process it in their thoughts and whether their feelings (skin conductivity) are affected by previous experiences or memories. Feelings are the results of emotions that arise as an immediate response to the actual situation in connection with experiences, interests and goals of the individual. They include subjective experiences, physiological changes, changes in focus and reactions, and changes in motoric manifestations. Emotions quickly inform people on how they currently feel and simultaneously affect the quality of received information or situation. According to experts in this field, emotions permeate through the complete sphere of the mind, affect cognitive processes of people, their motivation, value system and physical health including relationships. Thinking is described as a complex cognitive process happening between a person and their environment. Erroneous connecting of emotions with the brain or its functions leads to a notion that emotions can be influenced by the mind. It is not so. The intensity of emotions of university teachers watching an emotional video and how they afterwards “rationally” describe these emotions are part of this article.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 as a therapeutic target in cancer

Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) is a transcription factor that immortalizes tumors by inducing key genes in cancer biology, including angiogenesis, glycolysis, invasion, and metastasis. Overexpression of HIF‐1α is thus associated with resistance to cancer chemotherapy and increased patient mortality in several cancer phenotypes. In the present review, we summarize the role of intratumoral hypoxia and bioactive lipids in enhancing HIF‐1 activity, critically discussing the potential for HIF‐1α inhibitors in cancer chemotherapy. Considering preclinical studies, HIF‐1 inhibitors appear to have antitumor effects and thus represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
Role of oxidative stress and insulin resistance in disease severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) are major contributors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to find the relation between oxidative stress parameters and histopathological findings in NAFLD patients with and without insulin resistance (IR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with no alcohol intake and biopsy-proven diagnosis of NAFLD were studied (M/F: 17/15; mean age 46.5±11.4 years). Twenty-one NAFLD patients with IR were compared with 11 patients without IR. The fasting insulin level was measured, and the insulin resistance index was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in tissue and serum specimens. Glutathione (GH) was measured in tissue homogenates. Nitric oxide (NO), vitamin E and C levels were measured in serum. RESULTS Patients with IR had significantly higher tissue MDA levels (p=0.001) and significantly decreased tissue SOD and GH levels (p=0.001 and 0.002, respectively) than those without IR. The steatosis grade, necroinflammatory grade and stage were significantly higher in patients with IR (p=0.035, 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). HOMA IR significantly correlated with the necroinflammatory grade, stage, tissue MDA, SOD and GH (p=0.013, 0.001, 0.008, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Serum MDA (β=1.88, p=0.002), serum SOD (β=0.57, p=0.006), tissue MDA (β=0.22, p=0.006), tissue SOD (β=1.48, p=0.071) and stage (β=2.81, p=0.003) were independently associated with increased HOMA IR. Increased MDA [OR: 1.51; 95% CI: (1.03-2.22); p=0.034] was a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and increased SOD activity had a preventive effect against NASH [OR: 0.008; 95% CI: (0.001-0.98); p=0.04]. CONCLUSION This study shows that insulin resistance in NAFLD correlates with enhanced oxidative stress. Histopathological disease severity significantly correlated with oxidative stress parameters. These data show that NAFLD patients with IR may have increased risk for disease progression.
Effect of tunicamycin on the synthesis of macromolecules in cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with Newcastle disease virus.

The effect of tunicamycin on the synthesis of macromolecules in cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts was investigated by measuring the incorporation of radioactive percursors into acid-insoluble product after infection or mockinfection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Tunicamycin had slight or no effect on incorporation of uridine, thymidine and choline. Protein synthesis proceeded to some extent depending on concentrations of tunicamycin. Incorporation of glucosamine and glucose was greatly affected by the antibiotic at low concentrations. Mechanism of action of tunicamycin against NDV multiplication is discussed in relation to membrane synthesis.
The Israeli Rett Syndrome Center. Evaluation and Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment

Rett syndrome (RS) is a neuro-developmental syndrome of genetic origin, which mainly affects women. Individuals diagnosed with RS exhibit a variety of functional difficulties, which impair their quality of life. The variety of impairments and the differences between each child makes it necessary to administer skilled treatment, individually tailored to each client. Since the foundation of proper treatment is based on a structured, well administered, insightful assessment, the individual with RS with her complex array of difficulties should benefit from such a procedure. This notion has led to the establishment of the Israel Rett Syndrome Center. The center includes a medical branch located at the Safra Shildren's Medical Center at Tel Hashomer and an education/rehabilitation team, who performs assessments in special education facilities and residential settings throughout Israel. The assessment team works by means of arena assessment according to the concept of play-based assessment. This article presents the working model used by the education/rehabilitation team at the Israeli Rett Syndrome Center. The principles and working characteristics of the Israel Rett Syndrome Center team are suggested here as a potential model for establishing additional teams, presenting similar evaluation services for other individuals with RS as well as for analogous populations.
Cutting Edge: TGF-β Induces a Regulatory Phenotype in CD4+CD25− T Cells through Foxp3 Induction and Down-Regulation of Smad7

CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes of thymic origin. However, recent data suggest an alternative commitment of regulatory T cells in the periphery, although the precise mechanism is unknown. In the present work, we demonstrate that TGF-β is able to induce Foxp3 expression and subsequently a regulatory phenotype in CD4+CD25− peripheral murine T cells. Similarly, TGF-β induced Foxp3 in human CD4+CD25− T cells. Moreover, we show that the inhibitory Smad7 protein that is normally induced by TGF-β and limits TGF-β signaling, is strongly down-regulated by Foxp3 at the transcriptional level. Foxp3-mediated down-regulation of Smad7 subsequently rendered CD4+CD25− T cells highly susceptible to the morphogenic and regulatory effects of TGF-β signaling via Smad3/4. In summary, we demonstrate that TGF-β induces a regulatory phenotype in CD4+CD25− T cells through the induction of Foxp3 and a positive autoregulatory loop of TGF-β signaling due to the absence of Smad7.