Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mites (Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Astigmatina) associated with weeds among physic nut crops (Jatropha curcas L.: Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil

Abstract A better knowledge of the mite fauna that lives on weeds among crop plants is relevant to the determination of appropriate crop management, as these plants may support reservoirs and/or be alternative hosts for predatory or phytophagous mites important to the cultivated plants. In this study, a survey of the mite fauna from 20 weed species found in four plantations of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil was carried out between May 2008 and May 2009. Mites belonging to the Mesostigmata, Prostigmata and Astigmatina (= Astigmata) were identified and, altogether, 38 species were found. Three species of plants stood out as hosts of the greatest variety of mites: Glycine wightii Wight & Arn. (18 species), Sida santaremnensis Monteiro (16) and Tridax procumbens L. (17). Glycine wightii and S. santaremnensis supported similar ranges of predators and phytophages, while T. procumbens stood out by hosting the largest number of predatory species compared to phytophages. The most commonly found mite was Pronematus sp. (Iolinidae), occurring on 18 of the 20 plants analyzed.
GLUTATHIONE-CONTROLLED ANAEROBIOSIS IN CRYPTOCERCUS, AND ITS DETECTION BY POLAROGRAPHY

1. Polarography, employing a mercury-dropping electrode and an electrolysis vessel for analysis of sample slightly less than 0.1 ml. , was applied in this study.2. Polarograms of Cryptocercus hind-gut content lack an oxygen wave and indicate absence of dissolved oxygen to the extent of apparatus sensitivity (10-6M). 3. A single polarographic wave registers a half-wave potential approximating -0.2 volt vs. S.C. E. within a 0- to -0.4-volt span. Specificity of this method enabled identification of reduced glutathione (7.2 x 10-4M) following comparative inspection of numerous reducing agents. Supplementary assays using sodium nitroprusside, alloxan monohydrate, and Hydra confirmed the presence of reduced glutathione in hind-gut content.4. Flagellate protozoa, symbionts in the hind-gut fluid of Cryptocercus, represent the site of glutathione synthesis.5. Prolonged oxygen passage through hind-gut samples (0.1-0.5 ml.) fails to alter polarograms with respect to negative pO2 registration, but reduced glutathione co.
Sensing properties of MtrB-MtrA of Corynebacterium glutamicum: a two-component system involved in the osmo- and chill stress response

Being an immobile Gram-positive soil bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum has to cope with dramatic changes of the environmental conditions like an altered osmolarity or temperature. It was recently shown, that the MtrB-MtrA two-component system of this bacterium mediates the expression regulation of osmo- and chill stress-related genes in response to an increased medium osmolarity or decreased environmental temperature. The response regulator of this system, MtrA, was shown to act as an activator of the genes proP, betP, and lcoP as well as a repressor of the mscL gene. These results led to the question, which physico-chemical signals are recognized by MtrB, in order to mediate the expression regulation of genes in response to changes of the environmental osmolarity and temperature. To avoid the high complexity of the cellular system, an in vitro system was established for the detailed analyses of the sensory properties of MtrB. Using E. coli liposomes enriched with MtrB, the basic characteristics of the bacterial two-component system could be detected. These included the autokinase activity of membrane-bound MtrB, the phosphoryl group transfer to soluble MtrA, and the MtrB-catalyzed dephosphorylation of MtrA-P. By use of the artificial membrane system the influence of a systematic variation of signals related to osmo- and chill stress conditions could be performed. The autokinase activity of MtrB turned out to be significantly stimulated by the presence of numerous osmolytes including sugars, amino acids, compatible solutes, and high molecular weight PEGs. In addition, the histidine kinase was shown to be strongly activated by exposure to low temperature. By fusion of proteoliposomes made from E. coli lipid with synthetic POPG, the sensory properties of MtrB furthermore turned out to significantly depend on the composition of the membrane surrounding. In order to detect the sensing domain of MtrB, various truncated derivatives of the protein were constructed. In contrast to most bacterial histidine kinases, which are thought to exhibit their sensory function within the extracytoplasmic loop, MtrB was shown to sense independently of this external domain. Taken together, the data of this work led to the model, that MtrB senses environmental hyperosmotic stress either as an increased osmolarity of the cytoplasm, or as altered membrane properties. Environmental chill conditions are probably sensed as an altered physical state of the membrane.
Seroepidemiology of coxiellosis (Q fever) in sheep and goat populations in the northeast of Iran

Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, and Veterinary Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Survey and Surveillance, Veterinary Head Office of Khorasan-Razavi Province, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Mashhad, Iran
Evaluation of common duckweed (Lemna Minor L.) for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from anaerobic baffled reactor effluent and the fertilizer value of the biomass on perennial ryegrass.

The disposal of effluent generated from low cost sanitation technologies such as the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) effluent, can pose challenges to the environment. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which are essential nutrients necessary for crop production are not removed in the treatment process and these can pollute surface by erosion and ground water through leaching. There is little information in literature on the use of aquatic macrophytes, especially duckweed to remove ABR effluent nutrient (N and P) under South African climatic conditions. The study investigated the effects of loading density of common duckweed (Lemna minor) and ABR effluent dilutions on biomass accumulation and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus. The fertiliser value of harvested L. minor biomass (dry matter) as a source of N and P for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was also investigated. Both experiments were conducted in a growing tunnel at Newlands Mashu Research Site in Durban, South Africa (latitude 29°58'S and longitude 30°57'E). The first experiment was laid out as a 3 x 5 factorial arrangement in split-plot design with three replications. The loading densities were 400, 600 and 800gm. The ABR dilutions were (i) Raw ABR (ii) 75% ABR + 25% tap water (iii) 50% ABR +50 % tap water and (iv) 25% ABR +75 % tap water, with (v) Omnia fertiliser solution as a control. Residual water mineral N (ammonium + nitrate) in the raw and 75% ABR were higher than South African disposal standards, 50% and 25% ABR dilutions, met the stipulated standard. In all ABR dilutions orthophosphate (solution P), pH and turbidity met disposal standards. Removal efficiencies ranged between 71-97%, 29 94%, 92-97% and 24-43.2% for mineral N, solution P, turbidity and COD, respectively. The highest biomass, N and P uptake and lowest residual water N and P were in the 50% ABR dilution with L. minor loading density of 600 gm. The second study was a pot experiment with two kilograms (2kg) of soil packed in 2 litre non-draining plastic pots. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design. The nutrient source
The role of very long chain fatty acids in Arabidopsis growth and development

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential to Arabidopsis growth and development. VLCFAs are found in sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, triacylglycerols, suberin and cuticular waxes. VLCFAs are synthesized by the addition of 2 carbons from malonyl-CoA to pre-existing acyl-CoAs to produce chain lengths of greater than 18 carbon atoms. VLCFA synthesis involves four consecutive reactions that are catalysed by the microsomal Fatty Acid Elongase. In Arabidopsis the first reaction is catalysed by one of 21 different Keto-CoA Synthases (KCS) with diverse levels of expression and overlapping tissue specificities. The other three enzymes are ubiquitously expressed throughout the plant, and form the core components of the elongase. Lipidomic profiling has been performed on roots and shoots of plants with reduced levels of VLCFAs. Mutants of the core components of the elongase were analysed along with herbicides that inhibit a number of KCS enzymes, this allowed the whole elongase complex to be analysed. Differences were seen in the lipidomic profiles of the different elongase mutants and between the roots and shoots of the same mutants. This has revealed correlations between phenotypic differences and lipidomic changes giving insight into which lipid classes might be responsible for the various phenotypes. A forward genetic screen has been conducted in the Arabidopsis cer10-1 mutant to identify novel genes involved in VLCFA metabolism. CER10 encodes for the fourth component of the elongase complex. One suppressor mutant that has been identified has flower buds and fertility comparable to wild type plants but still displays the reduced size of the cer10-1 mutant. The second suppressor mutant identified showed restored size of aerial organs but the flower buds remained fused. Whole genome sequencing allowed localisation of these suppressor mutations on Chromosome 3. Partial biochemical characterisation of these mutants revealed interesting changes in their acyl-CoA and cuticular lipid profiles.
Cutaneous Reactions and Antibody Response to Intracutaneous Injections of Pneumococcus Polysaccharides

Immediate cutaneous reactions, similar to those described by Tillett and Francis (15), were elicited in patients recovering from pneumonia. These reactions were, in general, type-specific and were associated with the homologous type antibody in the serum. Very similar reactions were elicited with preparations of soluble specific substances and cellular carbohydrates prepared from the same pneumococcus types by the methods of Heidelberger, Goebel and Avery (18) and those of Wadsworth and Brown (10), respectively. Characteristic delayed reactions were seen only with the cellular carbohydrates. These were not associated with type-specific antibodies. They were most frequently observed with the cellular carbohydrates of the atypical type I pneumococcus and with that obtained from the virulent type I strain. Delayed cutaneous reactions with the cellular carbohydrate of an atypical type I pneumococcus were obtained regularly during the febrile stage of a variety of infectious disease and could not be elicited soon after recovery in such cases. These findings are similar to those obtained by Francis and Abernethy (17) with the “C” substance of Tillett, Goebel and Avery (19). All of the type-specific polysaccharides were antigenically active in human subjects. They produced in almost every instance a strictly type-specific antibody response. Only minor differences were observed with the different preparations of types II and III polysaccharides. The type I cellular carbohydrate, however, was quantitatively more active than the corresponding SSS in this respect. Occasional subjects showed specific antibodies, particularly against type I pneumococci, following injections of the atypical cellular carbohydrate.
PADRONIZAÇÃO DAS TÉCNICAS DE PCR CONVENCIONAL E PCR EM TEMPO REAL PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE Candida albicans

Candida albicans e a especie mais frequente em micoses hospitalares. O dificil diagnostico relacionado com a baixa sensibilidade e o tempo longo para apresentacao dos resultados sao os principais fatores relacionados as recidivas e dificuldades na terapia. O objetivo desse estudo foi padronizar tecnicas de PCR convencional e em tempo real (RT-PCR) e determinar a sensibilidade e especificidade na deteccao de C. albicans. As extracoes de DNA foram realizadas utilizando metodo in house. Os primers utilizados foram baseados na regiao NTS para a PCR convencional e na regiao espacadora interna transcrita (ITS2) do gene de rRNA de C. albicans para a RT-PCR. A PCR convencional apresentou sensibilidade de 100 pg e baixa especificidade, sendo positiva tambem para a cepa de S. cerevisiae. A sensibilidade da RT-PCR foi de 0,1 fg e especificidade questionavel. As duas tecnicas tiveram tempo de execucao menor em relacao ao padrao-ouro. Concluimos que a PCR convencional apresentou limitacoes e a RT-PCR foi mais sensivel na deteccao de C. albicans. As tecnicas devem ser aperfeicoadas para testes com amostras clinicas, mas apresentam grande potencial no diagnostico de C. albicans, visto que a sensibilidade, especificidade e tempo de execucao se apresentam superiores a tecnica padrao-ouro.
DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS AND ASSOCIATION OF SOME ECONOMICAL CHARACTERS OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.)

The experiment was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to examine the genetic variability and contribution of some morphological characters for cane yield and sucrose %age. Eleven varieties of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L . ) were evaluated for correlation, metroglyph analysis and divergence analysis. Data on various economic important traits like plant height, cane height, number of tillers /plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf area, cane diameter, cane weight, dry matter contents, juice contents, sucrose value and brix value was recorded. The results pertaining to analysis of variance elucidated highly significant differences among the accessions for all the traits except number of leaves/plant and considerable range of variability. Correlations among various traits were computed and found that association of brix value with cane diameter, leaf area , dry matter contents and sucrose value was positive and significant at genotypic level and positive but highly significant at phenotypic level. Correlation of brix value with number of leaves, cane weight and beggas weight was positive but significant at genotypic and non- significant at phenotypic level. Metroglyph analysis showed that eight clusters had been made with different index scores. Divergence analysis showed that genetic dissimilarity was highest between No.46 and SPF-232 and was lowest among SPSG-26 and COJ-84. Brix value had the highest contribution to genetic divergence followed by cane height and cane weight due to genetic dissimilarity among the genotypes for these traits. The cane diameter and sucrose value had no contribution to the total genetic divergence due to genetic similarity among the genotypes.
Animal Cell Culture, Physiochemical Effects of pH

pH Homeostasis pH Gradients in Tissues pH Gradients in Cell Culture Systems pH Effects on Receptor Concentration pH Effects on Cell Differentiation pH Effects on Cell Metabolism pH Effects on Cell Growth, Protein Production, and Glycosylation Complex Effects of pH Bibliography pH affects the growth, metabolism, differentiation, and biophysics of animal cells in various ways. This section reviews a select number of these effects that are particularly relevant to animal cell culture: pH homeostasis; pH gradients in tissues and cell culture systems; pH effects on receptor concentration, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, protein production and glycosylation; and complex effects of pH. Keywords: cell physiology; bioreactor technology; sensors and control
Disease reaction to Fusarium avenaceum and yield losses in narrow-leafed lupin lines

Chang, K. F. , Hwang, S. F. , Ahmed, H. U. , Strelkov, S. E. , Gossen, B. D. , Turnbull, G. D. and Blade, S. F. 2014. Disease reaction to Fusarium avenaceum and yield losses in narrow-leafed lupin lines. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1211-1218. Seedling blight and root rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum are important constraints to the expansion of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) production in Alberta, Canada. The reaction of 19 narrow-leafed lupin lines to F. avenaceum was assessed in inoculated field trials in Alberta from 2006 to 2008. Although none of the lines were highly resistant to F. avenaceum, the lines F6RF, MLU-122 and MLU-318-1 had the smallest reduction in emergence and MLU-320 and MLU-324 had the smallest reduction in seed yield as a result of inoculation under field conditions. The stability analysis of yield revealed that lupin lines MLU-324, W12-W5, MLU-320 and MLU-318-1 were more stable in comparison to other lupin lines included in the study. Yield loss was not consistently associated with seedling emergence, likely because the seeding rate may have been higher than required to achieve the yield potential of these lines in Alberta. A companion field study was conducted at Lacombe, Alberta, in 2006 and Edmonton, Alberta, in 2007; seedling emergence and seed yield of the susceptible lupin cv. Arabella declined linearly with increasing levels of seed infestation, and the relationships were summarized using regression analysis. Seedling emergence and yield were strongly correlated.
Simultaneous lipolytic and oxidative changes in turkey meat stored at different temperatures

Samples from turkey breast and thigh muscle were taken from freshly slaughtered birds under sterile conditions and stored at 37, 4 or −18°C for up to 24 months. Changes in lipid fractions, fatty acids compositions and oxidised products were determined at intervals. Lipolysis of phospholipids was observed at 37 and at 4°C and to a small extent at −18°C, with little change in triglyceride levels. Free fatty acid levels in general increased as phospholipids decreased. Oxodienes and conjugable oxidation products increased with time of storage, the latter products being negatively correlated with phospholipid concentrations. Changes in the ratio of tetraene to triene conjugated oxidation products formed indicated that some preferential oxidation of fatty acids more unsaturated than linoleic acid was occurring initially and this was followed by an increase in the proportion of dienes being oxidised. Both lipolysis and oxidation were faster in thigh than in breast muscle (P < 0.01) in the stored meat and in in-vitro systems. It is concluded that lipolysis and oxidation interact in the degradation of lipids during storage of turkey meat.
Actividad antimicrobiana de Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Chicalote)

Infusiones de la parte aerea de Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Papaveraceae) son utilizadas por los pobladores de Tepotzotlan, Estado de Mexico, para el tratamiento de infecciones en los ojos, enfermedades respiratorias y dermatologicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos hexanicos, acetato de etilo y metanolico de la parte aerea de A. ochroleuca . La actividad antimicrobiana fue evaluada frente a trece cepas bacterianas y nueve cepas fungicas. Solo el extracto metanolico presento actividad antimicrobiana . S. aureus (MIC= 125 µg/mL) y C. neoformans (MIC= 500 µg/mL) fueron las cepas que presentaron mayor sensibilidad. La purificacion biodirigida del extracto metanolico dio como resultado el aislamiento e identificacion del alcaloide isoquinolinico berberina. El presente estudio confirma la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto metanolico de A. ochroleuca .
Predicting the impact of increasing carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on seed germination and seedling establishment of African grasses in Brazilian Cerrado

Global climate changes and biological invasions are environmental disturbances that may interact synergistically, causing loss of biodiversity. As the early stages of development are the most sensitive and easily affected by these constraints, this study investigated the effects of increased carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature, as forecasted for 2100, on seed germination and early development of three species of invasive African grasses that have gradually replaced landscapes of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. It was observed that these parameters affected percentage and rate of germination in Urochloa brizantha, rate of germination and mean germination time in Urochloa decumbens and accelerated autotrophy acquisition in U. brizantha, U. decumbens and Megathyrsus maximus. Regarding root elongation, all species showed changes in total length, absolute and relative growth rate, but at different stages of development or time intervals, with increased temperature being more significant than increased CO2, probably due to seed reserves still being the main carbon sources at this stage. Taken together, the results indicate that the effects of CO2 and increased temperature are species specific and highlight the greatest potential of U. brizantha to germinate, and of U. decumbens for seedling establishment under these environmental changes.
Breaking strength: An alternative indicator of toxic effects on avian eggshell quality

A method for measuring the breaking strength of avian eggshells is presented along with a brief review of the literature relating shell strength to chlorinated hydrocarbon exposure. The effect of dietary DDE on shell strength is compared with its effect on shell thickness in the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos L). Shell strength was significantly reduced at a lower dietary DDE concentration than was shell thickness. The potential utility of strength measurement as an end-point in toxicology studies is discussed.
Variability and Inheritance of Digestibility in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis), and Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata): I. Parent Clones

Abstract F1 and F2 families of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot and meadow fescue derived from crosses between parental clones selected for high and low digestibility were tested for digestibility and production of digestible dry matter in 1977 and 1978. The variation in digestibility and yield of digestible dry matter is described, and phenotypic correlations between digestibility, earliness in ear emergence and yield traits are presented. A number of estimates of broad sense heritabilities are given; h 2 N values were generally within the range 0.40–0.60 for digestibility, whereas relatively low values of 0.10–0.20 were found for dry matter productivity. Both heritability estimates and correlations between traits varied with stage of plant development, cut and harvest year, indicating that a broad representation of environment factors should form the basis for establishing heritabilities and interrelations between plant characters. The possibility of improving digestibility and digestible dry matter produc.