Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NAMIDA: How to reduce the cognitive workload of driver

This paper presents NAMIDA, social interface consisting of three robots that help the driver to navigate by considering him as a bystander in a multi-party conversation between the agents. Through this model the cognitive workload of the driver can be reduced compared to the conventional one-to-one communication based approach that directly addresses the driver. We set up an experiment to compare the multiparty conversation based NAMIDA (MPCN) and the one-to-one conversation based NAMIDA (OOCN) to explore the effects of both methods on the cognitive workload factors and attention behaviours of the participants. The results showed that the MPCN system yields reduction in certain workload factors which can help the driver in increasing his attention on the road.
The DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: the impact of environment on the size evolution of massive early-type galaxies at intermediate redshift

Using data drawn from the DEEP2 and DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Surveys, we investigate the relationship between the environment and the structure of galaxies residing on the red sequence at intermediate redshift. Within the massive (10 < log_(10)(M_(★)/h^(−2) M_⊙) < 11) early-type population at 0.4 < z < 1.2, we find a significant correlation between local galaxy overdensity (or environment) and galaxy size, such that early-type systems in higher density regions tend to have larger effective radii (by ∼0.5 h^(−1) kpc or 25 per cent larger) than their counterparts of equal stellar mass and Sersic index in lower density environments. This observed size–density relation is consistent with a model of galaxy formation in which the evolution of early-type systems at z < 2 is accelerated in high-density environments such as groups and clusters and in which dry, minor mergers (versus mechanisms such as quasar feedback) play a central role in the structural evolution of the massive, early-type galaxy population.
Design Patterns and Language Design

Despite many similarities, there are important differences between design patterns and programming language mechanisms. Nevertheless, we can classify patterns in terms of how far they are from becoming actual language features. Treating patterns as mechanisms that are candidates for being language features, rather than treating them as what they are meant to be, can help demystify them. The authors discuss abstraction, design patterns and idioms.
Review: Restricted and Programmed Feeding of Beef Cattle—Definitions, Application, and Research Results

Abstract Restricted and programmed feeding are two commonly used approaches to manage feed intake by cattle. Restricted feeding, which is most often applied to starting cattle on feed and to finishing cattle, takes various forms but generally includes any method of feed intake management with which intake is restricted relative to actual or anticipated ad libitum intake. Conversely, programmed feeding, which is most frequently used in growing programs, is a method in which net energy equations are used to calculate the quantities of feed required to meet the needs for maintenance and a specific rate of gain. Both restricted and programmed feeding have been shown to improve feed efficiency, perhaps in part because recent research data suggest that body energy gain by cattle increases in a diminishing manner with increasing energy intake. Nonetheless, commercial application of restricted and(or) programmed feeding is limited by concerns related to application in large vs small pens and potential negative effects of restriction and(or) programming on daily gain and carcass quality grade. Research findings suggest consistent improvements in feed efficiency, generally decreased daily gain, and generally lower carcass quality grade when intake is restricted from 5 to 15% relative to pair-fed ad libitum controls in finishing cattle. Application of restricted and(or) programmed feeding during growing periods followed by ad libitum feeding, however, seems to have little effect on subsequent performance and carcass quality grade. Although restricted feeding offers the advantages of simplified feed bunk management, advanced knowledge of feed milling needs, and potential environmental benefits, additional research and field-level fine tuning will be needed before widespread commercial application is likely.
Regulierung von Leasing- und Factoringunternehmen

Leasingund Factoringunternehmen gelten seit Ende letzten Jahres als Finanzdienstleistungsunternehmen im Sinne des Kreditwesengesetzes und unterliegen damit der Bankenaufsicht. Was auf den ersten Blick als z gige Umsetzung der in Folge der Finanzmarktkrise laut gewordenen Forderung aussieht, dass es k nftig keine aufsichtsfreien Zonen mehr geben d rfe, entpuppt sich bei n herem Hinsehen als eine Ma nahme, die nur zuf llig mit der Finanzmarktkrise zusammenf llt, ihre eigentliche Ursache aber in der Unternehmensteuerreform hat. Die folgende Arbeit gibt zun chst einen kurzen berblick ber die neuen aufsichtsrechtlichen Regelungen, die f r Leasingund Factoringunternehmen gelten. Dann wird die Notwendigkeit einer Regulierung aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht berpr ft und dabei aufgezeigt, dass keines der Motive, die f r eine Regulierung von Banken vorgebracht werden, auf Leasingund Factoringunternehmen anwendbar ist.
Recursive sparse identification for adaptive control

Motivated by applications in adaptive control, this article compares two recursive estimation algorithms for sparse estimation of linear dynamical (ARX) models. In most practical situations an accurate mathematical model estimation of a real system using the least number of parameters is highly desirable. The expectation of sparsity is imposed through minimization of an objective function that includes a quadratic error term combined with a sparsity-inducing regularization term. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) is a well-known example of this approach. The increasing complexity and memory requirements of LASSO inspire the development of recursive algorithms that use the i\-norm and the ¿1-weighted norm. The two algorithms considered consist of a modification of recursive LASSO by the addition of a i1-weighted regularization term. In one case subgradient minimizers are used, while the proximal gradient is used in the other. Simulation results show that the use of the proximal gradient is advantageous.
NFATc3, a Lymphoid-specific NFATc Family Member That Is Calcium-regulated and Exhibits Distinct DNA Binding Specificity (*)

Signals transduced by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) regulate developmental transitions in the thymus and also mediate the immunologic activation of mature, peripheral T cells. In both cases TCR stimulation leads to the assembly of the NFAT transcription complex as a result of the calcium-dependent nuclear translocation of cytosolic subunits, NFATc, and the Ras/protein kinase C-dependent induction of a nuclear subunit, NFATn. To further understand the diverse roles of antigen receptor signaling throughout T cell development, we have identified a new NFATc family member, NFATc3, that is expressed at highest levels in the thymus. NFATc3 is the product of a gene on murine chromosome 8 that is not linked to the other NFATc genes. NFATc3, like other NFATc family members, contains a conserved rel similarity domain, and also defines a region conserved among NFATc family members, the SP repeat region, characterized by the repeated motif SPxxSPxxSPrxsxx(D/E)(D/E)swl. NFATc3 activates NFAT site-dependent transcription when overexpressed, yet exhibits a pattern of DNA site specificity distinct from other NFATc proteins. Additionally, thymic NFATc3 undergoes modifications in response to agents that mimic T cell receptor signaling, including a decrease in apparent molecular mass upon elevation of intracellular calcium that is inhibited by the immunosuppressant FK506. Given the preferential expression of NFATc3 in the thymus, NFATc family members may regulate distinct subsets of genes during T cell development.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and CD 36 Synergize to Mediate Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum – infected Erythrocytes to Cultured Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells

We have compared the adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum –infected erythrocytes to human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and have assessed the relative roles of the receptors CD36 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). HUVEC (a cell line that expresses high levels of ICAM-1 but no CD36) mediate low levels of adhesion, whereas HDMEC (which constitutively express CD36) mediate high levels of adhesion even before ICAM-1 induction. ICAM-1 expression leads to yet greater levels of adhesion, which are inhibited both by anti–ICAM-1 and CD36 mAbs, despite no increase in the expression of CD36. The results indicate the presence of a substantial population of infected cells that require the presence of both receptors to establish adhesion. Synergy between these receptors could be demonstrated using a number of parasite lines, but it could not be predicted from the binding of these same parasite lines to purified ICAM-1 and CD36. This phenomenon could not be reproduced using either purified receptors presented on plastic, or formalin-fixed HDMEC, suggesting that receptor mobility is important. This is the first study to demonstrate receptor synergy in malaria cytoadherence to human endothelial cells, a phenomenon necessary for parasite survival and associated with disease severity. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 100:2521–2529.)
The Future of Capitalism: 'Un-Corporating' Corporate Governance

A corporate governance model built around hierarchical structures, in which authority and empowerment flows through the board of directors to management and eventually staff, and the board is responsible to shareholders (the owners) of a company, worked well in an era of industrial capitalism, but in a connected age it proves far less durable. Large firms that have adopted this hierarchical corporate governance model seem to be less responsive to competitive global markets, disruptive new technologies, cultural shifts in attitudes towards consumption and work, new demands for environmental sustainability, and looming automation. The reason for this is simple. An unintended side effect of the hierarchical model has been to feed the growth of a “corporate attitude”, i.e. a corporate culture in which conservative decision-making, short-term profit and formalistic compliance are prioritized. Firms dominated by such a corporate attitude are at risk of becoming “Dinosaurs”, i.e., lumbering giants facing extinction. In order to overcome this disconnect, it is necessary to re-visit the key elements of the firm - namely the product, people, process - and to examine the meaning of these elements in a contemporary context, i.e., in the context of global markets, disruptive new technologies, etc. This involves asking: What kind of products do firms need to deliver in order to disrupt markets and satisfy the dynamic needs of today’s consumers? What kind of corporate culture do firms need to put in place in order to attract the most talented “Millennials” who will shape the future of the firm? And what organizational processes are best placed to deliver such products and culture? The answer to these questions involves “un-corporating” corporate governance. By embracing this strategy, large firms give themselves the best opportunity to maintain relevancy in the context of rapid and profound transformations in the way we should think about capitalism.
Commercialization Strategies: Cooperation versus Competition

Abstract This chapter presents a framework for evaluating commercialization strategies available to start-up innovators operating in high-technology industries. We consider strategies ranging from head-on competition with incumbent firms to cooperation. Cooperation can manifest in a variety of alliances, including licensing, OEM relationships, R&D contracts, and joint ventures. We then relate the use of these strategies to alliance transaction costs, the need for complementary assets, and the firm’s intellectual property position. This chapter draws heavily on recent research showing that patterns of cooperation and competition vary markedly across industry sectors, with some form of cooperation with incumbents almost assuredly necessary in healthcare/medical technology. We emphasize the endogenous, dynamic nature of firm choices, and we illustrate the major principles with two case studies of start-up innovators commercializing university-based inventions. One company has developed several medical devices and the other electronics hardware and software. We follow the companies over a 10-year period, showing the evolution of strategy from cooperation to competition.
Commentary: Task-Switching in Pigeons: Associative Learning or Executive Control?

A commentary on Task-Switching in Pigeons: Associative Learning or Executive Control? by Meier, C. , Lea, S. , and McLaren, I. (2016). J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Learn. Cogn. 42, 163–176. doi: 10.1037/xan0000100
Poliovirus Protein 3A Binds and Deregulates LIS1, Causing Block of Membrane Protein Trafficking and Deregulation of Cell Division

Poliovirus infection results in resistance of infected cells to apoptotic stimuli. Viral proteins involved in such functions usually target key cellular regulators. Here we demonstrate that viral protein 3A binds and inactivates LIS1, a component of the dynein/dynactin motor complex, encoded by the gene mutated in patients with type I lissencephaly („smooth brain‰), thus causing rapid disappearence of TNF and interferon receptors from the plasma membrane. Like 3A, truncated derivatives of LIS, acting in a dominant negative manner, deregulate endoplasmatic reticilum -to-Golgi vesicular transport and eliminate unstable receptors from the cell surface. Protein 3A locks Golgi-targeted YFP in endoplasmatic reticilum, while expression of LIS1 mutants results in a dispersed cytoplasmic localization of the reporter protein. LIS1 dysfunction caused by ectopic expressing 3A or LIS1 mutants, as well as by overexpression of wild type LIS1, leads to cell trap at a postmitotic stage associated with inability to undergo cytokinesis. Thus, using vural protein as a research tool, we revealed the role of cellular protein LIS1 in endoplasmatic reticilum -to-Golgi transport, maintenance of Golgi integrity and cell cycle progression. Supplemental Material 1 Supplemental Material 2 Supplemental Material 3
RENEWAL OF TASTE BUD CELLS IN RAT CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE

The life span of taste bud cells in rat circumvallate papillae was measured by autoradiography after labeling them with a pulse of [3H]thymidine. Specimens of circumvallate papillae were taken daily 1·5‐18·5 days after the isotope was administered; thereafter, specimens were taken on alternate days until 25·5 days. For each time interval, the number of labeled cell nuclei was counted in 200‐450 taste buds and plotted as the ratio of labeled cells/taste bud v. time after injection of [3H]TdR. In all, 6958 taste buds were counted.
Characterization of Histamine‐Induced Catecholamine Secretion from Bovine Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells

Abstract: Histamine activation of H1 receptors stimulates 3H release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells preloaded with [3H]noradrenaline. The initial (1‐min) release induced by a high concentration of histamine was unaffected by the removal of extracellular Ca2+, whereas the more sustained response (10 min) was largely inhibited. In contrast, release induced by nicotine was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ at all times. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited both the initial and sustained (10‐min) phases of histamine‐induced release (IC50 in the region of 200 nM) but was ineffective against a direct depolarizing stimulus (56 mM K+). In contrast, the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine was equally effective against both stimuli. These data indicate that although a staurosporine‐sensitive event (perhaps involving protein kinase C) is essential for coupling histamine receptor activation to the release processes, it is not essential for exocytosis itself. A further distinction between histamine‐and depolarization‐induced release was demonstrated by the differential effect of the guanine nucleotide‐binding protein inhibitor pertussis toxin. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.1 μg/ml for 16 h) enhanced depolarization‐induced release by ∼1.5‐fold. This pertussis toxin pretreatment was, however, approximately twofold as effective in potentiating histamine‐evoked release. Thus, the characteristics of the histaminergic response are distinct from those of a depolarizing stimulus, perhaps indicating the involvement of different mechanisms in the release process.
Patient Safety Events and Harms During Medical and Surgical Hospitalizations for Persons With Serious Mental Illness.

OBJECTIVE This study explored the risk of patient safety events and associated nonfatal physical harms and mortality in a cohort of persons with serious mental illness. This group experiences high rates of medical comorbidity and premature mortality and may be at high risk of adverse patient safety events. METHODS Medical record review was conducted for medical-surgical hospitalizations occurring during 1994-2004 in a community-based cohort of Maryland adults with serious mental illness. Individuals were eligible if they died within 30 days of a medical-surgical hospitalization and if they also had at least one prior medical-surgical hospitalization within five years of death. All admissions took place at Maryland general hospitals. A case-crossover analysis examined the relationships among patient safety events, physical harms, and elevated likelihood of death within 30 days of hospitalization. RESULTS A total of 790 hospitalizations among 253 adults were reviewed. The mean number of patient safety events per hospitalization was 5.8, and the rate of physical harms was 142 per 100 hospitalizations. The odds of physical harm were elevated in hospitalizations in which 22 of the 34 patient safety events occurred (p<.05), including medical events (odds ratio [OR]=1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.3-1.7) and procedure-related events (OR=1.6, CI=1.2-2.0). Adjusted odds of death within 30 days of hospitalization were elevated for individuals with any patient safety event, compared with those with no event (OR=3.7, CI=1.4-10.3). CONCLUSIONS Patient safety events were positively associated with physical harm and 30-day mortality in nonpsychiatric hospitalizations for persons with serious mental illness.
Genome-wide Scan Finds Suggestive Caries Loci

Here we report the first genome-wide scan performed for caries. Evidence from twin studies suggests a genetic component to caries. We aimed to identify genetic factors contributing to caries in a population similarly influenced by confounding factors, such as diet, oral hygiene habits, fluoride exposure, and access to dental care. Forty-six families with similar cultural and behavioral habits, and living in the Philippines, were studied, and genome-wide genotype data and DMFT (Decayed, Missing due to caries, Filled Teeth) scores were evaluated. Suggestive loci logarithmic odds (LOD) scores above 2.0 or non-parametric p-values below 0.0009) were found for low caries susceptibility (5q13.3, 14q11.2, and Xq27.1) and high caries susceptibility (13q31.1 and 14q24.3). Genes that may be related to saliva flow and diet preferences are proposed as possible candidates. A protective locus for caries in the X chromosome may explain the gender differences seen in caries frequency.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Of The Hospital And Community Acquired Isolates Of Uropathogens In A Teritiary Care Centre at Kanpur ”

Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is among the most common health problems occurring both in the community and hospitalized patients. The resistance of bacteria causing UTI to commonly prescribed antibiotics is increasing both in developing as well as in developed countries. Resistance has emerged even to more potent antimicrobial agents. The current study was undertaken to report the current antibiotic resistance pattern among common bacterial uropathogens isolated from OPD and IPD patients in a tertiary care hospital in Kanpur. Methods: Midstream urine samples from (1857) patients were cultured and pathogens isolated were identified by standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method (CLSI). Results: Out of 1857 urine samples received over a period of 1 yr, 30.69% (570) of the urine samples were culture positive. E.coli was the predominant isolate in both hospital acquired (75%) and community acquired (25%). UTI were more common in females (56.8%) in the age group of 20-40yrs than in males(43.19%) and in the age group of >60yrs. Most of the GNBs were susceptible to Imipenem, Amikacin, Cefeperazone sulbactum, piperacillin tazobactum, polymyxin B, Colistin and among the resistant strains are more in the IPD than OPD. Among the GPC Vancomycin, linozolid, teicoplanin are sensitive drugs. The prevalence of ESBL, MRSA, MRCONS in CAUTI are 45.22%, 38.46%, 40.05% and in HAUTI 54.77%, 61.53%, 40.0% respectively. Conclusion: Increasing antibiotic resistance trends indicate that it is imperative to rationalize the use of antimicrobials in the hospitals ,through proper antibiotic policies and in the community empirically and also use these conservatively.
Six Trends Affecting the Business Case for Worksite Health Promotion

T he workplace is an important setting to consider when programs are implemented to improve the health of the population, including the broader community. Because of the significant reach and broad access to employees, the workplace offers a variety of advantages when attempting to engage the population. For example, every employee can be reached via the worksite; there is opportunity for frequent exposure of employees to interventions; and the employer can mobilize all sorts of tools, vehicles, and resources to build awareness and behavior change (e.g., email, teammeetings, insurance benefits). Furthermore, through employersponsored programs, employees, as well as dependents and retirees, may be reached. As a result, the workplace represents an important setting for population health improvement. However, it is a setting that may be leveraged only if a business case for worksite health promotion is established. According to Kilpatrick et al. (3), a business case is defined as a scenario in which an organization realizes a positive return on investment for a particular intervention. Thus, effective interventions, measured and meaningful outcomes, and an appropriate Bfit^ of activities in the context of the specifics of the worksite are paramount to generating a successful business case. Because the business case for worksite health promotion is central to continued success in the field, six trends in worksite health promotion have been identified that are important to address and consider and will be discussed here. These trends are outlined below and are considered in context of each other and the workplace in the Figure: 1. a workplace culture of health 2. the role of incentives and communications 3. evidence-based programs 4. the emergence of program accreditation 5. social connections and networks 6. generating program outcomes