Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PUBLIC HEALTH GENETICS AND DENTAL CARIES: A SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND A PROPOSED PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION

Dental caries is the most common oral disease worldwide. Caries is primarily caused by bacteria that colonize the mouth and breaks down sugars to produce an acid that de-mineralizes the surface of teeth. The resulting hole is called a carious lesion, and is the symptom used to diagnose this disease. Untreated caries provides an opportunity for other bacteria to infect the inner structure of the tooth, and potentially, get into the bloodstream. Caries is a multi-factorial disease that is affected by many host and environmental factors such as: diet, access to dental care, saliva composition, immune response, air quality, availability of fluoride, and genes. Caries can be an expensive disease to treat. Since many people in the United States of America do not have dental insurance and public resources in this area are scares, most of this cost comes directly from the consumer. The effects of untreated caries, particularly in children, can be severe. Tooth pain can lead to reduced food intake and loss of sleep. This can lead to poor nutrition and poor performance in school, stunting the child’s physical and mental development. Teeth extracted due to caries can impair a child’s ability to speak, as well as impact their sense of self-worth. A focus on preventing caries will not only prevent these extreme outcomes, it will also help prevent more serious chronic conditions. Poor diet and malnutrition contribute to severe caries as well as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. Preventing caries is of public health importance because it can have severe short and long term outcomes, it is a financial burden on healthcare consumers, and it is easily preventable. Genetic testing can play a role in preventing caries. If people know they have a higher susceptibility to caries they can try to mitigate their increased susceptibility by changing their diet or brushing more. If they know that they do not have a higher susceptibility, they may focus on other areas of their health.
The SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP2 controls phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate levels in CHO-IR cells stimulated by insulin.

The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 (SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2) has recently been shown to be a potent negative regulator of insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity in vivo. We show here that SHIP2 is expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing the insulin receptor (CHO-IR cells) and tyrosine phosphorylated upon insulin stimulation. We show that SHIP2, which is recruited in anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates in insulin-stimulated cells, accounts for the insulin sensitivity or apparent increase in activity reported by Guilherme et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 271, 29533-29536, 1996). Overexpression of SHIP2 led to a decrease of the insulin-dependent PIP3 production as well as Akt/PKB activation and MAPK stimulation.
Uncertainty in illness.

The middle-range nursing theory of uncertainty in illness is presented from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. The theory explains how persons construct meaning for illness events, with uncertainty indicating the absence of meaning. A model of the uncertainty theory displaying the concepts and their relationships forms the basis for the theoretical and empirical material. Discussion of the theory is organized around three major themes: the antecedents of uncertainty, the process of uncertainty appraisal and coping with uncertainty.
Clubbing With Familiar Social Groups: Relaxed Vigilance and Implications for Risk.

OBJECTIVE This research examined the relationship between the intragroup familiarity among peers visiting nightclubs and the likelihood of experiencing negative outcomes. We hypothesized, based on our prior work, that members who are more familiar with their group would be more likely to experience sexual and physical aggression while at the club. METHOD The study involved 1,765 young adults (within 654 natural groups) sampled at nightclubs in the San Francisco Bay area. Participants were interviewed about their clubbing history and expectations before entering the club and about their experiences in the club as they exited. Breath samples were collected at both entry and exit to obtain objective measures of alcohol use. RESULTS Using generalized linear mixed modeling to accommodate correlated data, we found that, to the extent that club patrons were familiar with more of their peer group, the more likely they were to experience sexual and physical aggression, although this was moderated by participant gender. CONCLUSIONS Although in many circumstances group cohesion can be a protective factor, the results of this study suggest that greater group familiarity might sometimes be associated with less concern for safety, reduced vigilance, and an increase in negative experiences.
DNA vaccines against mycobacterial diseases

Bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium can cause several infectious diseases affecting humans and animals. Here, we reviewed the latest advances in the development of DNA vaccines against TB, Buruli ulcer and Johne’s disease. Current understanding of the immunity to the respective causative pathogens indicates that the use of DNA vaccines encoding mycobacterial antigens could lead to efficient vaccination strategies. Moreover, characterization of protective mycobacterial antigens has been greatly facilitated by the analysis of immune responses induced after DNA vaccination. In addition, work aiming at optimizing DNA vaccines against mycobacterial diseases and research related to the controversial development of postexposure and therapeutic DNA vaccines are also discussed.
The OpenView Enterprise Management Framework

In OpenView, Hewlett-Packard has concentrated on creating a multivendor management platform for TCP–IP-based internets. This plays to the company’s strengths in LAN management, where it has been a major player in the LAN protocol analyzer market since the early 1980s, and its expertise in TCPsIP, which the company had been using internally since the early 1980s.
Prevention of Bacteremia in Dogs Undergoing Dental Scaling by Prior Administration of Oral Clindamycin or Chlorhexidine Oral Rinse

Dogs with periodontitis were used to determine the efficacy of an oral regimen of clindamycin versus chlorhexidine acetate oral rinse in reducing the total number of bacteria and the incidence of bacteremia before and after dental scaling. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, isolated from blood and gingival swab cultures, were identified to genus using an automated system.
[Initial discussion of mice acute hepatic injury caused by Tripterygium glycosides].

OBJECTIVE To discuss the mechanism of mice acute hepatic injury caused by tripterygium glycosides tablets with different dose at different time. METHOD Mice were given Tripterygium Glycosides respectively with the dosage of 10 times, 20 times, 30 times of clinical dose to observe the change of mice acute hepatic injury with different does; then, the acute hepatic injury mice were duplicated with 20 times clinical dosage and mice serum ALT were detected at 9, 18, 27, 36 h to observe the change of mice acute hepatic injury at different time. The activity of SOD, GSH-Px in serum and the level of LPO in liver homogenate wevedetected to discuss the mechanism of mice acute hepatic injury caused by Tripterygium Glycosides tablets; and liver tissue pathology was observed. RESULT The acute hepatic injury was obvious with 20 times adult dosage in 18 hours and the acute hepatic injury mice death rate was low. CONCLUSION Tripterygium Glycosides tablets can cause acute hepatic injury to mice and its mechanism is related to Lipid peroxidation reaction.
The analysis of error in an on-line recognition system of Arabic handwritten characters

In this paper we describe a system that recognizes on-line Arabic handwriting characters. In this system, a dynamic programming algorithm is implemented. We present here the effects of some parameters of the system on its performances and on its recognition errors. This study shows a way to select the optimum values for some key parameters of the system to obtain minimum recognition error rates.
Enhanced production of oxygen radicals in nocturnal asthma.

Although the mechanisms of nocturnal worsening of pulmonary function in asthmatics have not been entirely established, airway inflammation is felt to be a major factor in disease severity. Consequently, to determine whether changes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cellular components and their functions are related to nocturnal airway obstruction, we performed BAL at 4:00 A.M. and at 4:00 P.M. in asthma subjects with (n = 5) and without (n = 10) nocturnal asthma. No significant changes were observed from 4:00 P.M. to 4:00 A.M. in the concentration of total cells or the percentage or concentration of eosinophils or neutrophils in BAL fluid from subjects with or without nocturnal asthma. However, superoxide anion generation by air-space cells from subjects with nocturnal asthma was significantly greater at 4:00 A.M. than at 4:00 P.M. (6.9 +/- 1.7 versus 1.8 +/- 0.5 nmol/500K cells/h, p less than 0.05). Moreover, superoxide production at 4:00 A.M. was greater in subjects with than in those without nocturnal asthma (6.9 +/- 1.7 versus 2.2 +/- 0.6, p less than 0.02). Furthermore, in our group of asthmatics, the change in generation of superoxide anion from 4:00 P.M. to 4:00 A.M. was significantly correlated with the change in FEV1 (r = -0.71, p less than 0.01). We conclude that the development of nocturnal airway obstruction in asthma is associated with enhanced production of oxygen radicals by air-space cells. Because oxygen radicals can cause airway injury and thus enhance bronchial obstruction, it is possible that the release of these reactive compounds is causally associated with nocturnal asthma.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of cDNA for Heavy-chain Ferritin from the Canis familiaris

Ferritin serves as a storage protein for iron in animals. Complementary DNA encoding a heavy chain ferritin was cloned from the brain of Canis familiaris. The dog ferritin cDNA encodes a 182 amino acid that shows high levels of amino acid identity with vertebrate ferritins (90-98%). Near the cap region of the 5'-untranslated region, the dog H-ferritin mRNA displays a 28-nucleotide sequence that is exactly conserved in the corresponding region of the human and pig H-ferritin mRNA, thus making this sequence a prime candidate for involvement in the known translational regulation of H-ferritin by iron.
Interconnection lengths and VLSI

It is found that average interconnection lengths in a very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit that is functionally partitioned do not continue to increase as device sizes are scaled down and chips become more densely packed. Although pin requirements still increase, this increase is much smaller than expected from common expressions of Rent's rule. These results suggest that the important dimension in VLSI is of information flow.
R‐α‐methylhistamine‐induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion in pylorus‐ligated rats via central histamine H3 receptors

1 The effect of central H3 histamine receptor activation on gastric acid and pepsin production has been investigated in pylorus‐ligated rats. 2 Intracerebroventricular injections (i.c.v.) of the selective H3 agonist, R‐α‐methylhistamine (0.5–50 nmol per rat) caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of gastric acid secretion while intravenous administration (5–500 nmol per rat) was completely ineffective. 3 I.c. v. microinjections of mepyramine, tiotidine and thioperamide (51 nmol per rat), selective antagonists at H1, H2‐ and H3‐sites respectively, failed to modify the acid secretory response to pylorus ligation. 4 The antisecretory effect of R‐α‐methylhistamine (5 nmol per rat, i.c.v.) was selectively prevented by the H3‐blocker, thioperamide (51 nmol per rat, i.c.v.), mepyramine and tiotidine pretreatment being completely inactive. 5 Unlike acid secretion, pepsin production was not significantly affected by all the tested compounds. 6 These findings provide the first pharmacological evidence that the activation of central H3 histamine receptors exerts a negative control in the regulation of gastric acid secretion in conscious pylorus‐ligated rats.
The Immunogenicity of Human Adipose‐Derived Cells: Temporal Changes In Vitro

Regenerative medical techniques will require an abundant source of human adult stem cells that can be readily available at the point of care. The ability to use unmatched allogeneic stem cells will help achieve this goal. Since adipose tissue represents an untapped reservoir of human cells, we have compared the immunogenic properties of freshly isolated, collagenase‐digested human adipose tissue‐derived stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFs) relative to passaged, plastic‐adherent adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs). Parallel studies have shown that adherence to plastic and subsequent expansion of human adipose‐derived cells selects for a relatively homogeneous cell population based on immunophenotype. Consistent with these findings, the presence of hematopoietic‐associated markers (CD11a, CD14, CD45, CD86, and histocompatible locus antigen‐DR [HLA‐DR]) detected on the heterogeneous SVF cell population decreased upon subsequent passage of the ASCs. In mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs), SVFs, and early passage ASCs stimulated proliferation by allogeneic responder T cells. In contrast, the ASCs beyond passage P1 failed to elicit a response from T cells. Indeed, late passage ASCs actually suppressed the MLR response. Although these results support the feasibility of allogeneic human ASC transplantation, confirmatory in vivo animal studies will be required.
Antecedents and consequences of trust in online product recommendation: An empirical study in social shopping

Purpose – This paper aims to improve understanding of the reasons why people trust the information about product recommendations on social shopping networks of websites, a new e‐commerce method which combines social networking and shopping, and to investigate the impact of the trust on the consumers' intention to purchase products from the online shop of a website.Design/methodology/approach – An online survey instrument was developed to gather data, and 1,219 questionnaires were used to test the relationships in the proposed model.Findings – The results indicated that perceived ability, perceived benevolence/integrity, perceived critical mass, and trust in a website were four important antecedents of trust in product recommendation in a social networking site. In addition trust in product recommendations can influence the consumers' intention to purchase from the website through increasing their intention to purchase the products.Research limitations/implications – The research model demonstrated the imp.
Neurotopographic considerations in the microsurgical treatment of small acoustic neurinomas.

OBJECT The authors studied the relationships between tumor size, location, and topographic position relative to the intact facial nerve bundles in acoustic neurinomas to determine the influence of these factors on hearing preservation postoperatively. Consistent topographic relationships were found. METHODS Four hundred fifty-two patients with acoustic neurinoma treated via a retrosigmoid approach were analyzed with respect to hearing preservation and facial nerve function. One hundred fifteen tumors were identified as small and were categorized as Grades I and II. Patients with Grade I tumors, that is, purely intracanalicular lesions, all had good hearing preoperatively, defined by a less than 50-dB pure tone average and 50% speech discrimination score. All 14 Grade I tumors were removed, resulting in preservation of the patient's hearing by these criteria. There were no particular topographic anatomical relationships associated with these tumors that affected hearing preservation. Grade II tumors, defined as those protruding into the cerebellopontine angle without contacting the brainstem, were found in 101 patients and were divided by size into two grades: IIA (< 1 cm) and IIB (1-1.8 cm). In 90 patients with Grade IIA tumors, 72 (89%) of 81 who had preserved hearing preoperatively maintained it postoperatively, and in the 11 patients with Grade IIB tumors, six of whom had good hearing preoperatively, four (67%) had preserved hearing postoperatively. Six morphological types were identified based on their neurotopographic relationships to the elements of the vestibulocochlear nerve. CONCLUSIONS Hearing preservation postsurgery by tumor type was as follows: 1A, 92%; 1B, 88%; 1C, 100%; 2A, 83%; 2B, 92%; and 3, 57%. Combined, this represents a hearing preservation rate of 87% after surgical treatment of Grade II acoustic neurinomas. Full nerve function was maintained in 88% of patients with anatomically preserved facial nerves in both Grade I and II tumors. The remaining 12% of patients retained partial function of the facial nerve. Two patients in the series lost anatomical integrity of the nerve due to surgery.
Paracetamol, oxidative stress, vitamin D and autism spectrum disorders.

Following the publication of our article, we were contacted by SAS with suggestions for reducing the time needed to obtain Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) posterior samples in PROC GEN-MOD. Our paper was originally written using SAS 9.2. With SAS version 9.3 or higher, it is possible to specify the algorithm for sampling the posterior distribution. The default in 9.2 and 9.3 is ARMS, but faster sampling algorithms now available are the Gamerman method (SAMPLING¼GAMERMAN), which is the default in 9.4, and the independent-Metropolis method (SAMPLING¼IM). Thus a faster run may be obtained by modifying the BAYES statement in our appendix as follows: bayes nmc¼100000 coeffprior¼normal(input¼prior3) stats(percent¼2.5 50 97.5) seed¼1234 diagnostic¼all plots¼all sampling¼IM Using SAS 9.3 on a computer with 6 Gb RAM, a 2.7 GHz processor and a 64-bit operating system running Windows 7, this modified code greatly reduced the MCMC run time in our example, from nearly 5 h to about 3.5 min. The run time can be further reduced by using only the default diag-nostics. The default set of diagnostics is DIAGNOS-TICS¼(AUTOCORR ESS GEWEKE). By specifying DIAGNOSTICS¼ALL in the BAYES statement, GENMOD computes the Gelman-Rubin diagnostic, with three chains whose samples are not used in the posterior inference. When the model was run using the default settings, the run time reduced further to 1 min 50 s. However, we recommend that final runs for publication statistics include the Gelman-Rubin diagnostic by specifying DIAGNOSTICS¼ALL, to reduce the risk of undiagnosed convergence failure. Finally, we have noted a discrepancy between the sample syntax provided in the appendix of our paper and the supplementary files. In the appendix, the model specified DIAGNOSTICS¼ALL whereas, in the actual . sas file, the syntax read DIAGNOS-TICS¼(AUTOCORR ESS). The run time of 'more than 1 h' reported on p. 312 of our article was obtained when only the AUTOCORR and ESS options were specified. Brandlistuen et al. recently documented the detrimental role that gestational paracetamol exposure has on childhood neurodevelop-ment, putatively due to oxidative stress. 1 Although the authors did not use the words 'autism spectrum disorder' (ASD), clearly some of the adverse neurodevelopmental effects they demonstrated are consistent with ASD. This is not the first time that paracetamol has been implicated in ASD. In an ecological analysis, Bauer and Kriebel found a strong correlation between use of paracetamol and prevalence of ASD. 2 If paracetamol causes ASD, and if oxidative stress is the mechanism, then the …
The Essential Prerequisites of Agile Transition and Adoption - a Grounded Theory Approach

Prevalence of Agile methods in software companies is increasing dramatically. Software companies need to employ these methods to overcome the inherent challenges of traditional methods. However, transitioning to Agile approach is a topic of debate and there is no unique and well-defined transition model or framework yet. Although some research studies have addressed barriers and strengths behind the successful Agile deployment, it seems that this process still needs to be studied more in depth. The rationale behind this is the socio-technical nature of Agile transition and adoption. Particularly, the challenges and problems that software companies are facing during Agile transition, show that this process in more difficult than expected. Conducting a large-scale research study revealed that Agile transition and adoption process needs to be supported by several critical prerequisites. This study adopted a Ground Theory with the participation of 49 Agile experts from 13 different countries and empirically identified seven transition prerequisites. These prerequisites focus on the different aspects of the transition. The main aim of this paper is proposing these prerequisites and theoretical and practical implication of these prerequisites. Providing these prerequisites before moving to Agile increases chance of success in Agile transition and adoption and leads to fewer challenges during the change process.
Iron status of hyperinsulinemic/insulin resistant horses.

Hyperinsulinemia unrelated to recent high soluble carbohydrate feeding and disproportionate to blood glucose levels, indicating insulin resistance, is well known to occur in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID, Cushing's disease), has been described in ponies and miniatures, and is receiving increasing attention as an underlying problem in horses prone to obesity and laminitis. In humans, several studies have identified iron overload as both a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, and a consequence of insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine if insulin resistant horses and ponies also show blood indices indicative of iron overload.
Development of Relationship‐Centered Care

&NA; A review of the literature (1995–2001) was conducted on the relationship‐centered care model first proposed in Health professions education and relationship‐centered care: A report of the Pew‐Fetzer task force on advancing psychosocial education. The report describes a developmental process that occurs in four dimensions of relationship‐centered care: patient‐practitioner, practitioner‐practitioner, practitioner‐community, and self‐awareness. Publications were read and sorted by professional affiliation of the first authors, dimension of relationship‐centered care citations from the Pew‐Fetzer Task Force report, and references to activities of regional relationship‐centered care networks affiliated with the Fetzer Institute. The Pew‐Fetzer relationship‐centered care model, when included in healthcare professional education, will improve consumer and provider satisfaction.