Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protecting Individuals by Hiding Flow Information on Last-mile Links

Last-mile links connect a core network to the end-user’s communication infrastructure. A single user’s traffic can flow alone at a link, and thus an adversary can eavesdrop on the communication at the link, deducing critical information. Even if the traffic is encrypted, an aggressive enemy may perform statistical analysis based on the detected traffic. The results of this analysis may yield information in the communication that is private, characteristics of the communications, such as destination node or utilized networking protocols. With this information individual’s privacy can be damaged. In this paper we introduce a system that enhances remarkably user privacy on last mile links by making it more difficult for an adversary to perform statistical analysis. The system is based on one of the onion routing realizations Tor that is improved with the Traffic Flow Confidentiality (TFC) technique. Either a network operator or a service operator can deliver this service to customers. Moreover, we have measured the performance of our system that conceals flow information on last-mile link and beyond enhancing individual’s privacy.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Labrys filiformis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from Iran

Abstract Labrys filiformis n. sp. , the second species of the rare genus Labrys, was recovered from natural forests of Gilan province and is described based upon morphological and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by its smooth cuticle under light microscopy, lateral field with two incisures forming a single plain band, lip region continuous with body contour, dorso-ventrally flattened and forming four poorly prominent lobes, having a dorso-ventrally narrower protuberant labial plate laterally extended to the amphidial margins, oral area (oral plate) dorso-ventrally elongated and embedded in the labial plate with six small labial sensilla surrounding the slightly prominent oral aperture, amphidial apertures as longitudinally lemniscatic slits bordered by the labial plate extensions which are overlapped at the middle length of amphids, stylet delicate, 6 to 7 µm long, elongate weakly developed fusiform median bulb with weak valve, wide excretory pore with long and heavily sclerotized duct, offset spermatheca filled with small spheroid sperm cells, 106 to 127 µm long elongate-conoid tail with filiform distal region and finely rounded tip. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using a near-full length fragment of the 18S rDNA and the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. In the inferred phylogenetic tree with 18S rDNA, the new species has a close affinity with several isolates of the type species, Labrys chinensis. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree using partial 28S rDNA, revealed the new species is nested inside the putative monophyletic group of several populations of L. chinensis.
An Improved and Optimized Content-Aware Resizing Algorithm for Images with Densely Situated Foreground Objects

An image in general consists of a combination of significant objects in the foreground and not-so-significant objects in the background. Content aware image resizing or seam carving is a process of resizing an image while maintaining the significant objects (the foreground) in proper visual saliency. The standard algorithms, however, often generate unpredictable distortions in images with densely situated foreground objects. The optimized content aware image resizing (OCAIR) algorithm presented herein, uses iterative graph cuts and edge detection to generate an energy map based on the important sections of the image, so that the resized image does not exhibit unpredictable artefacts. An improved energy map generation algorithm is designed here, which not only marks out the important foreground elements quicker than previously available techniques, but also uses that information to quantity the amount of distortion (if any) that might take place after adding or deleting seams by means of calculating a distortion factor. The process being considerably faster than previous algorithms, allows precise modifications to the input parameters to obtain a well-doctored final image.
Autologous platelet‐rich gel for facial rejuvenation and wrinkle amelioration: A pilot study

The demand for safe and minimally invasive soft tissue augmentation procedures has increased. Recently, a novel injectable gel based on the autologous platelet rich in growth factor (PRGF) technology has been developed to provide long‐term shape and volume stability. It can be customized into low (LVG) or high viscosity (HVG) gel forms to meet different dermatological requirements.
Impact of Intergrain Spin-Transfer Torques Due to Huge Thermal Gradients in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a new technology which uses temporary near-field heating of the media during write to increase hard disk drive storage density. By using a plasmonic antenna embedded in the write head, an extremely high thermal gradient is created in the recording media (up to 10 K/nm). State-of-the-art HAMR media consist of grains of L10-FePt exhibiting high perpendicular anisotropy separated by 1–2 nm-thick carbon segregant. Next to the plasmonic antenna, the difference of temperature between two nanosized FePt grains in the media can reach 80 K across the 2 nm-thick grain boundary. This represents a gigantic local thermal gradient of 40 K/nm across a carbon tunnel barrier. In the field of spincaloritronics, much weaker thermal gradients of ~1 K/nm were shown to cause a thermal spin-transfer torque (TST) capable of inducing magnetization switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Considering on the one hand, two neighboring grains separated by an insulating grain boundary in an HAMR media can be viewed as an MTJ, and on the other hand, the thermal gradients in HAMR are 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than those used in the conventional spincaloritronic experiments; one may expect a strong impact from these TSTs on magnetization switching dynamics in HAMR recording. This issue has been totally overlooked in the previous investigations on the development of the HAMR technology. This paper combines theory, experiments aiming at determining the polarization of tunneling electrons across the media grain boundaries, and micromagnetic simulations of the recording process taking into account these thermal gradients. It is shown that the thermal in-plane torque can have a detrimental impact on the recording performances by favoring antiparallel magnetic alignment between neighboring grains during the media cooling. Implications on media design are discussed in order to overcome the influence of these thermal torques. Suggestions of spincaloritronic experiments taking advantage of these huge thermal gradients produced by plasmonic antenna are also given.
Challenges and Benefits of Modern Code Review-Systematic Literature Review Protocol

Software quality is major concern of all the stakeholders either acquirer of the software or supplier of the software. Software inspection is the static verification technique that can contribute to the quality development of the software. As the development trend is focused towards open source software development the smart and light weight techniques are emerged. One of them is modern code review, a light weight software inspection technique. The modern code review is informal, static code analysis performed by small team using collaborative tools. It is argued that modern code review provides benefits other than defect detection and is also subject to various challenges such as lack of trust, communication issues, effective knowledge sharing, personal conflicts and varying situations etc. There has been little research with respect to systematizing and identifying the challenges faced by, and benefits gained by Modern Code Review (MCR) team. There is dire need to recognize and organize these challenges and benefits based on modern code review literature. The aim is to highlight and organize the challenges and benefits regarding modern code review context. It will be beneficial for software quality assurance practitioners and researchers by providing classified list of challenges and benefits.
Fast Start-Up Microfluidic Microbial Fuel Cells With Serpentine Microchannel

Microfluidic microbial fuel cells (MMFCs) are promising green power sources for future ultra-small electronic devices. The MMFCs with co-laminar microfluidic structure are superior to other MMFCs according to their low internal resistance and relative high power density. However, the area for interfacial electron transfer between the bacteria and the anode is quite limited in the typical Y-shaped device, which apparently restricts the current generation performance. In this study, we developed a membraneless MMFC with serpentine microchannel to enhance the interfacial electron transfer and promote the power generation of the device. Owing to the merit of laminar flow, the proposed MMFC was working well without any proton exchange membrane (PEM). At the same time, the serpentine microchannel greatly increased the power density. The S-MMFC catalyzed by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 achieves a peak power density of 360 mW/m2 with the optimal channel configuration and the flow rate of 5 ml/h. Meanwhile, this device possesses much shorter start-up time and much longer duration time at high current plateau than the previous reported MMFCs. The presented MMFC appears promising for biochip technology and extends the scope of microfluidic energy.
An Efficient Music Search Method in Large Audio Database

In this paper we study the music content search method in a large audio database. First we study the pitch feature extraction algorithm, we propose a novel method on pitch estimation for music signals. Second, we study the template matching algorithm for large database, and we propose an effective method using dynamic template wrapping and linear scaling distance. Finally, experimental results are provided. The results show that the proposed system is efficient in audio data searching compared with traditional template matching method.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Properties of Aniba parviflora Essential Oils from the Amazon

Essential oils (EOs) from leaves and branches of Aniba parviflora (Meisn.) Mez were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were the most representative compound class in both EOs ( ≅ 40%). However, the leaf EO was rich in β-phellandrene (15.1%), linalool (14.1%), and γ-eudesmol (12.9%). The EO from the branches showed high concentrations of γ-eudesmol (16.8%), β-caryophyllene (15.7%), linalool (12.4%), β-phellandrene (6.7%), and bicyclogermacrene (6.0%). The EOs were screened for radical-scavenging activity using the DPPH assay. In the DPPH assay, the EOs showed an antioxidant activity with TEAC values of 296.8 ± 20.2 and 357.3 ± 43.8 mg.TE. mL−1, about one-third that of the Trolox standard. The EOs were subjected to antibacterial screening and displayed promising activity against Escherichia coli (MIC < 19.5 μg.mL−1). In addition, the EOs were tested for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast tumor cells and the leaf EO (IC50 = 67.9 ± 3.0 μg.mL−1) was more active than that from the branches (IC50 = 102.2 ± 3.0 μg.mL−1).
Recent clinical trends in Toll‐like receptor targeting therapeutics

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are germline‐encoded receptors that are central to innate and adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational targets in clinics; thus, many ligands and biologics have been reported to overcome the progression of various inflammatory and malignant conditions and support the immune system. For each TLR, at least one, and often many, drug formulations are being evaluated. Ligands reported as stand‐alone drugs may also be reported based on their use in combinatorial therapeutics as adjuvants. Despite their profound efficacy in TLR‐modulation in preclinical studies, multiple drugs have been terminated at different stages of clinical trials. Here, TLR modulating drugs that have been evaluated in clinical trials are discussed, along with their mode of action, suggestive failure reasons, and ways to improve the clinical outcomes. This review presents recent advances in TLR‐targeting drugs and provides directions for more successful immune system manipulation.
Degradation in Common Dynamic Environments

ABSTRACT Degradation studies are often used to assess reliability of products subject to degradation-induced soft failures. Because of limited test resources, several test subjects may have to share a test rig and have their degradation measured by the same operator. The common environments experienced by subjects in the same group introduce significant interindividual correlations in their degradation, which is known as the block effect. In the present article, the Wiener process is used to model product degradation, and the group-specific random environments are captured using a stochastic time scale. Both semiparametric and parametric estimation procedures are developed for the model. Maximum likelihood estimations of the model parameters for both the semiparametric and parametric models are obtained with the help of the EM algorithm. Performance of the maximum likelihood estimators is validated through large sample asymptotics and small sample simulations. The proposed models are illustrated by an application to lumen maintenance data of blue light-emitting diodes. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Recent Progress of Substrate Integrated Suspended Line Based Antennas (Invited)

Substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) technology provides a new platform for antenna design, which has a lot of advantages such as self-packaged and low-loss characteristics. Five substrate layers cut with different shapes to form air cavities are constituted the SISL structure. A summarize of the recent progress for different kinds of antenna designs based on SISL technology is introduced in this paper.
Reliability Study of Silicon Carbide Schottky Diode with Fast Electron Irradiation

The impact of fast electron exposure upon the performance of commercial silicon carbide Schottky diodes has been studied. Under 3 MeV electrons, absorbed dose of 10 and 15 MGy at room temperature, the forward current density-voltage characteristic of INFINEON and STMICROELECTRONICS devices have been decreased by 4.6 and 8.2 orders of magnitude respectively. The reduction is associated with the significant rise in the series resistance (INFINEON: 1.45 Ω to 121×10<sup>3</sup> Ω; STMICROELECTRONICS: 1.44 Ω to 2.1 × 10<sup>9</sup> Ω) due to the irradiation-induced defects. Besides that, the reverse leakage current density in INFINEON increased by one order of magnitude while reverse leakage current density in STMICROELECTRONICS decreased by about one order of magnitude. We have also observed an increase in ideality factor (INFINEON: 1.01 to 1.05; STMICROELECTRONICS: 1.02 to 1.3) and saturation current (INFINEON: 1.6×10<sup>−17</sup> A to 2.5×10<sup>−17</sup> A; STMICROELECTRONICS: 2.4×10<sup>−15</sup> A to 8 × 10<sup>−15</sup> A) as a result of electron irradiation. Overall, for particular devices studied, INFINEON have better quality devices and more radiation resistance compared to STMICROELECTRONICS.
PROSE–Proactive Resilience in Internet of Things: Targeted Attacks and Countermeasures

Internet of Things (IoT) is the frontier of wireless networking and provides unprecedented control and information over the network. In particular, the advent of Industrial IoTs and the use of IoT in security and military have necessitated the need to respect stringent delay and reliability constraints, while IoTs promise innovative solutions but their evolution also poses some concerns, with security being the foremost. Due to the fact that these systems operate on sensitive data and are often involved in industrial production processes or critical battleground communication; therefore they are ideal targets for a range of network attacks. This paper explores the novel problem of the elimination of critical IoT nodes to minimize the data-carrying capacity of the IoT network resulting in denial of service. This paper proposes PROSE–a proactive network fortifying solution which focuses on designing resilient IoTs by proactively identifying critical nodes in the network so that they can be protected by installing backups. We assume a worst-case scenario with an adversary that has complete knowledge of the network topology and traffic patterns and can capture/disable a subset of nodes with the aim of minimizing the maximum network flow. PROSE contributes by proactively identifying the nodes that are most vulnerable to the throughput attack assuming a worst-case adversarial scenario and models the problem as a mixed integer linear program. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm. Simulation results validate that PROSE efficiently identifies the most vulnerable IoT nodes.
Image Processing of Vacuum Arc Based on Two-dimensional Segmentation Algorithm

The processing technology of the arc image is an effective and direct way to study the arc variation. The accuracy of the subsequent arc feature extraction is related to the segmentation of arc image. A two-dimensional algorithm is applied to the image processing of vacuum arc in this paper. The intermediate-frequency vacuum arc has been captured by the high speed camera. The arc images are processed by the dual-threshold adaptive segmentation algorithm. The genetic algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution and the parameters of the two-dimensional space. Compared with the traditional subjective threshold, the threshold of this two-dimensional algorithm is self-adaptive. The arc image can be divided into the high energy plasma zone, the contour area and the background area. The results showed that the two-dimensional algorithm proposed in this paper can be used to segment the arc image at the whole combustion stage.
Acute migraine therapy with external trigeminal neurostimulation (ACME): A randomized controlled trial

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of external trigeminal nerve stimulation for acute pain relief during migraine attacks with or without aura via a sham-controlled trial. Methods This was a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study conducted across three headache centers in the United States. Adult patients who were experiencing an acute migraine attack with or without aura were recruited on site and randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either verum or sham external trigeminal nerve stimulation treatment (CEFALY Technology) for 1 hour. Pain intensity was scored using a visual analogue scale (0 = no pain to 10 = maximum pain). The primary outcome measure was the mean change in pain intensity at 1 hour compared to baseline. Results A total of 109 participants were screened between February 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Of these, 106 patients were randomized and included in the intention-to-treat analysis (verum: n = 52; sham: n = 54). The primary outcome measure was significantly more reduced in the verum group than in the sham group: −3.46 ± 2.32 versus −1.78 ± 1.89 (p < 0.0001), or −59% versus −30% (p < 0.0001). With regards to migraine subgroups, there was a significant difference in pain reduction between verum and sham for ‘migraine without aura’ attacks: mean visual analogue scale reduction at 1 hour was −3.3 ± 2.4 for the verum group versus −1.7 ± 1.9 for the sham group (p = 0.0006). For ‘migraine with aura’ attacks, pain reduction was numerically greater for verum versus sham, but did not reach significance: mean visual analogue scale reduction at 1 hour was −4.3 ± 1.8 for the verum group versus −2.6 ± 1.9 for the sham group (p = 0.060). No serious adverse events were reported and five minor adverse events occurred in the verum group. Conclusion One-hour treatment with external trigeminal nerve stimulation resulted in significant headache pain relief compared to sham stimulation and was well tolerated, suggesting it may be a safe and effective acute treatment for migraine attacks. Study protocol ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02590939.
Clinical Depression Detection in Adolescent by Face

Depression is a hidden and harmful disease in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) said that in 2017, 300 million plus humans are suffering from depression. The depression percentage in adolescents in India is in between 0.3 to 1.2. Hence it will cause a harmful impacts on their lives. Depression occurs due to many reasons like hectic daily routine, death of loved one, tension etc. Feeling of hopelessness, anxiety, no interest in any activity, loss or gain of weight are few symptoms of depression. If the stage of stress lasts more than one or two weeks then this stage is called as a depression. Depression may affect the social life, Health, suicidal thoughts, mentally disturbed if it takes a severe form. If the stage of depression is detected early then there will be a chance to save the person from a depression. When depression becomes more than the mild and moderate form, then that term is known as clinical depression. In our paper we introduces the method of depression detection which is harmless, easy and more accurate without the help of a psychiatrist. For implementation of a depression detection method, two algorithms were used named as Fisher vector algorithm and LTrP. Fisher vector is used for representation and description of an image. It uses Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Efficiency of fisher vector encoding is great for a computation. It gives a best result even with the linear classifier. We have applied this algorithms on a face. For the feature extraction LTrP is applied. Local tetra pattern uses a central pixel as a reference pixel with its neighbourhood pixel with respect to dimensions and then gives a magnitude as well as tetra pattern. for a better and accurate classification result fisher vector encoding is computed. Fisher vector encoding left the demerits of Bow that is bag of words. And LTrP left the demerits of Local binary pattern and gives the better results. This method gives the classification result in ‘Depressed’ or ‘Not depressed’ form.
Ambulatory Measurement and Estimation of Joint Angle Kinematics in Sagittal Plane Using Body Worn Sensors for Gait Analysis

Gait analysis is an important clinical tool in the management of locomotion disability arising from orthopedic and neurological conditions and is an active area of research particularly in rehabilitation and sports medicine. The procedure demands dedicated space, thus limiting its usage to indoor environments. In this paper, we present a novel wearable wireless inertial sensor (i-Sens)-based design for estimation of joint angle in the sagittal plane. The i-Sens hardware comprises of triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope sensors, microcontroller and Bluetooth module. It is portable and can be readily used in indoor and outdoor settings. A novel simplified complementary filter algorithm was incorporated in the design for sensor data fusion. Four normal volunteers were chosen to test the sensor; they wore the sensor at knee level on one side, and assessed its performance while walking in both outdoor and indoor environments. The data was transmitted wirelessly through Bluetooth to the data acquisition system. The gait parameters of the subjects were compared with normative reference data. At the initial contact phase of the gait cycle, mean and standard deviation of knee angle was 3.6° ± 3.5°, while the maximum swing phase knee flexion angle was 67.8° ± 4.5°, which is within the normative data range, suggesting accuracy of the joint angle estimation. Hence, i-Sens can be useful for movement analysis of the lower limb. Further clinical trials are required to validate the sensor at different joints (ankle, knee and hip) under various pathological and environmental conditions.