Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Control for Missile Terminal Guidance

Variable Structure Control (VSC) technique is applied to the design of robust homing missile guidance laws. In the design procedure, the target’s maneuver is assumed to be unpredictable and is considered as disturbances. Guidance laws are then proposed to achieve the interception performance for both cases of longitude-axis control being available and unavailable. The proposed guidance laws are continuous which alleviate chattering drawback by classic VSC design. Results are obtained and compared with those by realistic true proportional navigation design to illustrate the benefits of the proposed design. @S0022-0434~00! 00604-3#
Putting Food Production in Context: Toward a Postmechanistic Agricultural Ethic

A is a defining characteristic of human civilization. Its development as a means of providing sustenance marked the transition from a nomadic existence to an urban lifestyle. And no other human activity has transformed so much of the earth’s surface as farming (Vitousek et al. 1997). Oddly, the amount of attention given to the underlying values of agriculture is inversely proportionate to the environmental impact of agricultural activity. In academia, two disciplines obviously relevant to agriculture—agronomy and environmental philosophy—have addressed the effects of pesticides and soil erosion or the value of wilderness as compared with that of cultivated land but have not evaluated the fundamental assumptions implicit in the practice of agriculture. Even more surprising, dialogue between agronomists and philosophers is rare.
DESIGN OF POWER EFFICIENT 4x4 ARRAY MULTIPLIER USING ADIABATIC LOGIC

The main process of this paper is to reduce the power in array multiplier using adiabatic logic. Adiabatic logic is an approach to low-power digital circuits that differs fundamentally from other practical low-power techniques. When adiabatic logic is used, the signal energies stored on circuit capacitances may be recycled instead of dissipated as heat. With the help of TSPICE simulations, the power consumption is analyzed by variation of parameter. In existing method, two logic families, 2N-2P logic and 2N-2N2P logic are compared with conventional CMOS logic for array multiplier circuits. In proposed method, 2N-2P logic is enhanced by adding pull down network and power clock to reduce the power consumption. It is find that adiabatic technique is good choice for low power application in specified frequency range.
Internet Addiction Disorder among Adolescents' Students

Background: The internet was originally designed to facilitate communication and research activities. However, the dramatic increase in the use of the internet in recent years has led to pathological use (Internet addiction disorder). The adolescent population is highly prone to internet addiction and this can affect their personal, family, academic, interpersonal and social life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internet addiction disorder on adolescents' students. Research design: A Descriptive design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at all secondary schools for girls at Benha City they named; Benha Secondary School, El Shimaa Secondary School, and Om Elmoamneen Secondary School. The sample included 200 secondary female students they were selected as systematic random sample from studied schools. Tools: A structured interviewing questionnaire consisted of five parts1) the socio-demographic characteristics, 2)the pattern of internet use, 3) diagnostic criteria of internet addiction among the students, 4) students' knowledge regarding internet addiction and 5) student's reported practices regarding internet addiction disorder. Results of this study showed; 42% of the students aged from 15 to less than 16 years old (X±SD = 15.62 ± 1.12). As regard birth order 79% were the youngest, 48% of them in the third year of the study, and 75% live in urban area. 75% of the students were having the accessibility to internet at home, and 65% of them use the Internet every free time per day. Total knowledge scores of the secondary schools students regarding internet addiction disorder were good for only31%, and the total practices scores regarding internet addiction were satisfactory for only 26% of the students. This study concluded that: The internet addiction has a high negative impact among the students. Also there were high statistically significant relation between socio demographic characteristics of the students and their knowledge and practices regarding internet addiction disorder. The study recommended that: A similar study can be replicated on a large sample and a comparative study can be done with students of different groups of adolescents
Venezia Prospect Theory Application in Finance

Human behaviour or human psycology plays an important role in influcing financial decision of investors. Behavioural finance started to be popular in 1990s after Dainal Kanneman and Amos Taversky gave their Prospect Theory. In this contribution I have worked with the history and background of Prospect Theory. When and how it got the attention of the economists? I considered the drawbacks of Expected Utility theory which lead to the creation of this theory. When an investor becomes risk seeking and when risk averse. I applied disposition effect on Karachi Stock Exchnage (KSE100) to find out if investors sell their gaining stocks too early and keep their losing stocks too long and fond that disposition effect exists in KSE100. I have applied continuous cumulative prospect theory to evaluate European options by using the model developed by Prof. Martina Nardon and Prof. Paolo Pianca (2014). I have performed a variety of numerical experiments with different values of parameters. Continous cumulative prospect theory seems promising approach than other models when applied to option valuation for its ability to sxplain the departure from Black and scholes. The option prices are sensitive to the choice of the values of the parameters. The nemrical experiments in order to study the effects of curvature and elevation on option suggests that option prices increase with elevation and the prices increase at decreasing rate.
The botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent: molecular and pharmacological insights

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most potent toxins known to mankind, are metal- loproteases that act on nerve-muscle junctions to block exocytosis through a very specific and exclusive endopeptidase activity against soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins of presynaptic vesicle fusion machinery. This very ability of the toxins to produce flaccid muscle paralysis through chemical denervation has been put to good use, and these potentially lethal toxins have been licensed to treat an ever expanding list of medical disorders and more popularly in the field of esthetic medicine. In most cases, therapeutic BoNT preparations are high-molecular-weight protein complexes consisting of BoNT, complexing proteins, and excipients. There is at least one isolated BoNT, which is free of complexing proteins in the market (Xeomin ® ). Each commercially available BoNT formulation is unique, differing mainly in molecular size and composition of complexing proteins, biological activity, and antigenicity. BoNT serotype A is marketed as Botox ® , Dysport ® , and Xeomin ® , while
Determination of essential and potentially toxic elements byinductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and invitro antioxidant evaluation of Shatavaryadi Churna: An AyurvedicFormulation

The present study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of twelve elements and in vitro antioxidant activity in two formulations of Shatavaryadi churna and their ingredients. Concentrations of various elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES). Antioxidant potential of the Shatavaryadi churna was studied using different in vitro free radical model i.e. 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) Marketed Shatavaryadi churna formulation has shows presence of cadmium, whereas the levels of Cr and Pb are distinctly lower in marketed formulation. The high levels of Ca, Mg, and Fe are present in all the ingredients and formulations of Shatavaryadi churna. Methanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens Linn. seed shows significantly higher antioxidant potential with IC50 value 7. 713μg/ml, as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity and methanolic extract of Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker bulb shows least antioxidant potential amongst all ingredients and formulations of Shatavaryadi Churna. This study indicates the presence of essential and potentially toxic elements are within the limit and formulation can be used on regular basis without any harmful effect. The data obtained in DPPH radical scavenging activity suggest a possible use of Shatavaryadi churna as a natural antioxidant agent.
WHEAT ACREAGE SUPPLY RESPONSE IN THE UNITED STATES

The dynamic structure of wheat acreage supply response is considerably more complex than previous studies have recognized. The distributed lag response is saw-toothed in its pattern, which is believed to eminate from the influence of summer fallow in crop rotations in the Great Plains. The acreage response elasticity estimate for the Great Plains at mean price was 1.3, and for the aggregate U.S. it was 1.5. For the Unites States, the proportion of long-run response experienced over the first five years from an increment to price was . 24, . 44, . 70, . 95, and. 99.
Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Value Creation: An Empirical Evidence

The study examines the perceived effects of corporate governance mechanisms on the value of manufacturing firms in Nigeria by adopting economic value added as the measure of firm value. Corporate governance mechanisms such as concentrated ownership, managerial ownership, the board size, board independence, and foreign ownership as they influence corporate valuation were empirically investigated. 89 listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria were selected for 5 years (2012-2016) for the analysis. The study utilized different tests such as OLS panel data regression and multiple regression model to establish the relationship with panel corrected standard error (PCSE). The study is guided by resource enrichment theory and agency theory. The finding of the study shows that ownership concentration, the board size, and board independence positively impacted on firm value as measured by economic value added. However, managerial ownership and foreign ownership reported negative and insignificant impacts on the value of Nigerian manufacturing firms.
Remembering in God’s name:: the role of the church and community institutions in the aftermath and commemoration of floods

The incorporation of extreme weather events into a community’s social memory is important for the community’s perception of future risks, adaptive development of infrastructure, and ongoing social resilience. Connecting scholarship on the cultural understanding of weather and disaster risk reduction, this chapter uses archival records to explore the church’s role in helping to inscribe tragic flood events into a community’s social memory and regional history. Focussing on King’s Lynn, England during the 1953 North Sea Floods, the chapter highlights the important role that the church played in the aftermath and subsequent intergenerational commemoration of floods in British
Immunological effects of Citrobacter freundii cell free culture in rabbit

Citrobacter freundii is usually considered a commensal species of the human gut, although some isolates have acquired specific virulence traits that enable them to cause diarrhea.C. freundii cell free culture (CFC) antigen was used in this study . Three rabbits of 2-3months age(Newzalent , Orcyctylagus cunninculus)were immunized by CFC in addition to complete Freunds adjuvant . After one month immunization period some of systemic immune response parameter (cellular and humoral)were studies and compared with control animal. The results of test animals showed that CFC antigen lead to stimulate systemic cellular immune response which determined by using E-rosette test , (nitroblue tetrazolium) reduction test (NBT) , leucocyte migration inhibitory factors (LIF) test. The results were appeared that higher number of E-rosette (0.45±0.02) compared with control animals (0.28± 0.01), also there was increasing in the percentage of neutrophils phagocytic activity (0.59±0.03 ) compared with control animals(0.48±0.02). The LIF in test animals was significantly produced in contrast to the control animals which not produce these factors. The humoral immune response was studied. The results of hemagglutination test was appeared higher titer of test animals (128 ±0 )compared with control group titer (1) and this true for immunoglobulin, complement and total protein concentrations. The concentration of IgM (424.1±9.2)mg/dl , IgG concentration was (2365.3±34.2) mg/dl and IgA concentration (494.4±0) mg/dl. The concentration of C3 was (241.0±5.4) mg/dl , C4 concentration was (55.4±2.4) mg/dl and total protein concentration (9.5±0.34) mg/dl. All these results for test animals were higher significant at (P<0.05) compared with control animals. We conclude that CFC antigen of C. freundii stimulate humoral immune response in rabbits
Poi Poi Revolution: A real-time feedback training system for objectmanipulation

The affordability and availability of fast motion cameras presents an ideal opportunity to build computer systems that create real-time feedback loops. These systems can enable users to learn at a faster rate than traditional systems, as well as present a more engaging experience. In this dissertation, I document the development and evaluation of a realtime audio and visual feedback system for geometric poi manipulation. The goal of the system is to present an experiential and objectively superior learning tool when compared to traditional learning techniques in the object manipulation community. For the evaluation, I conduct an experiment that compares the feedback training system with traditional learning techniques in the object manipulation community. The results suggest that the feedback system presents a more engaging experience than traditional mirror feedback training, and conclude that further research is warranted.
Performance Measurement: Understanding Balanced Scorecard

Measurement of only financial numbers is not sufficient for an organisation to be balanced. Improvement in financial numbers i.e. increases in revenue, increase in profits may appear blissful for short term, but business is not a short term activity, it aims at long run endurance, growth. Only an improvement in financial statistics may be due to improved processes, but it may also be a consequence of non efficient use of resources as it is only a short term affair. The need of the time is to shift focus from short term targets to long term goals, which requires deliberate planning about the areas to be focused upon. These areas are obviously related with learning, processes, customers as these are the drivers of long term growth in a business. Learning among the organisation will give birth to perfectionism in processes. A business with precision at its heart will be able to attract large number of customers and keep them satisfied. Satisfied customers are means to increased revenue, profits i.e. financial targets for any business. The idea to be best in long run and its implementation robotically assists business to achieve short term targets. This is what Balanced Scorecard (BSC) suggests. Focus on intangible/intellectual/non financial activities and financial targets will follow long term objectives. Current paper is an attempt to study how BSC works and may be effectively implemented in organisations to create a balance, with minimum chances of overlapping or repetition of activities.
Observing Pianist Accuracy and Form with Computer Vision

We present a first step towards developing an interactive piano tutoring system that can observe a student playing the piano and give feedback about hand movements and musical accuracy. In particular, we have two primary aims: 1) to determine which notes on a piano are being played at any moment in time, 2) to identify which finger is pressing each note. We introduce a novel two-stream convolutional neural network that takes video and audio inputs together for detecting pressed notes and finger presses. We formulate our two problems in terms of multi-task learning and extend a state-of-the-art object detection model to incorporate both audio and visual features. In addition, we introduce a novel finger identification solution based on pressed piano note information. We experimentally confirm that our approach is able to detect pressed piano keys and the piano player's fingers with a high accuracy.
Comparison of treatment outcome in Rheumatoid Arthritis patientstreated with single and two DMARDs in combination withCorticosteroids

Musculoskeletal disorders impose a considerable burden upon society due to long-term morbidity, disability and treatment costs. Among Musculoskeletal diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis encumbers patients with a significantly higher individual economic burden. The present study seeks to analyse the Pharmacoeconomics aspects of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and to assess the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients treated with the selected combination of drugs used in the therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The treatment costs vary based on the use of single DMARD, combination DMARDs, biological agents, etc. The design of the study was a prospective and observational study for a period of 12 months in a tertiary care referral hospital in Kerala. All the Rheumatoid Arthritis patients who attended the Rheumatology OPD, with 3 months follow-up and who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The Cost effectiveness analysis was done by taking the HAQ - DI score as a measure of effectiveness and the improvement in Quality of Life was measured by using the disease activity parameters like Swollen Joint Count, Tender Joint Count, ESR, duration of morning stiffness, etc. Three groups of Drugs were selected for this study, namely, Group 1: Methotrexate + Corticosteroids, Group 2: Hydroxychloroquine + Corticosteroids, and Group 3: Methotrexate + Hydroxychloroquine + Corticosteroids. It has been observed that the maximum improvement in Quality of Life and the least Average Cost Effective Ratio were obtained in the case of the combination of Drugs in Group 3. The highest Average Cost Effective Ratio was observed in the case of Group 2 Drugs.
Remilling of salvaged wood siding coated with lead-based paint. Part 2. Wood product yield

Many U.S. military buildings being targeted for removal contain large quantities of potentially reusable wood materials. In this study, we evaluated approximately 2180 m (7,152 ft) of painted Douglas-fir siding salvaged from U.S. Army barracks. Utilizing a conventional woodworking molder, we evaluated the feasibility of producing several standardized wood product profiles, including flooring, bevel siding, and paneling. Evaluation of visual quality followed by remanufacture of siding coated with lead-based paint indicated that valuable wood products could be produced from the salvaged siding; however, this value is dependent on several factors, including the original quality (grade) as well as the extent of damage (e.g., nail holes, splits, discoloration, decay, weathering). We conclude that wood siding salvaged from military buildings can be successfully remanufactured into value-added products. Tongue & groove (T&G) flooring is a promising product in particular since short pieces of siding can be utilized. As much as 50 percent of the weight of salvaged siding can be diverted from landfill disposal by remanufacturing into T&G flooring. In addition, the market value of T&G flooring may be less affected by nail holes in the salvaged siding. We estimate that T&G flooring has a potential sale value of $3 to $6 per square foot and remanufactured Douglas-fir millwork has a potential producer sale value of about $1.20 to $1.90 per board foot.
Critical Success Factors Affecting Malaysia' SMEs through inward FDI: Case of Service Sector

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is not new to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia’s GDP growth rate has increased annually for the past three decades thanks to the emergence of inwards FDI into Malaysia. One sector that has attracted the attention of FDI into Malaysia is Malaysia’s growing services sector. This paper will analyze secondary researches that are related to Malaysia’s Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), FDI inflow and services sector. The authors managed to get 182 top managers of selected Malaysia’ SMEs in the services sector to take part in this research via questionnaire. The results from the questionnaires were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, as well as a statistical software of SPSS. Using SPSS, the authors managed to identify and analyze the reliability of the data collected using Cronbach’s alpha, and to analyze the level of significance for each data using Pearson r Correlation Coefficient. The empirical result shows that the reliability based on Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable. Furthermore, the levels of significance for selected variables are positive and significant which resulted in the hypothesis being null rejected and alternative accepted.
Analyzing the Impact of Leverage and Adjustment Costs on Various Measures of Corporate Performance: Insights from Listed Firms of Pakistan

This paper is a first attempt to look into the issue of the effect of leverage and adjustment costs on various measures of corporate performance for 374 non-financial firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan. The Arellano and Bond dynamic panel data estimation technique (a variant of GMM) is used to capture the role of adjustment costs and the dynamic behavior of corporate performance. A panel data set spanning 1988 to 2008 is used for the purpose. The results, thus obtained, are essentially mixed. The coefficients of the adjustment variable (lagged corporate performance) are positive for ROCE (Return on capital employed) and EPS (Earnings per Share) but ironically negative for ROE (Return on Equity). Similarly the effect of leverage on ROCE is negative but insignificant and positive significant when EPS is used as a measure of corporate performance. Whereas the relationship between leverage and ROE (another measure used in the paper for corporate performance) is negative and significant which implies that high leverage force the managers to perform optimally due to higher interest burden and agency cost. The positive effect of the size of firm on performance is confirmed for all the three measures of corporate performance. Furthermore, the positive and statistically significant impact of short term liabilities implies that high short term liabilities exert pressure on corporate managers to perform efficiently in the competitive market.