Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traumatic white matter injury and glial activation: From basic science to clinics

An improved understanding and characterization of glial activation and its relationship with white matter injury will likely serve as a novel treatment target to curb post injury inflammation and promote axonal remyelination after brain trauma. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public healthcare burden and a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Particularly, traumatic white matter (WM) injury or traumatic axonal injury has been reported as being associated with patients' poor outcomes. However, there is very limited data reporting the importance of glial activation after TBI and its interaction with WM injury. This article presents a systematic review of traumatic WM injury and the associated glial activation, from basic science to clinical diagnosis and prognosis, from advanced neuroimaging perspective. It concludes that there is a disconnection between WM injury research and the essential role of glia which serve to restore a healthy environment for axonal regeneration following WM injury. Particularly, there is a significant lack of non‐invasive means to characterize the complex pathophysiology of WM injury and glial activation in both animal models and in humans. An improved understanding and characterization of the relationship between glia and WM injury will likely serve as a novel treatment target to curb post injury inflammation and promote axonal remyelination. GLIA 2014;62:1831–1855
Predicting Users’ Negative Feedbacks in Multi-Turn Human-Computer Dialogues

User experience is essential for human-computer dialogue systems. However, it is impractical to ask users to provide explicit feedbacks when the agents’ responses displease them. Therefore, in this paper, we explore to predict users’ imminent dissatisfactions caused by intelligent agents by analysing the existing utterances in the dialogue sessions. To our knowledge, this is the first work focusing on this task. Several possible factors that trigger negative emotions are modelled. A relation sequence model (RSM) is proposed to encode the sequence of appropriateness of current response with respect to the earlier utterances. The experimental results show that the proposed structure is effective in modelling emotional risk (possibility of negative feedback) than existing conversation modelling approaches. Besides, strategies of obtaining distance supervision data for pre-training are also discussed in this work. Balanced sampling with respect to the last response in the distance supervision data are shown to be reliable for data augmentation.
The 3' untranslated region of the B19 parvovirus capsid protein mRNAs inhibits its own mRNA translation in nonpermissive cells

Although parvoviruses are found throughout the animal kingdom, only the human pathogenic B19 virus has so far been shown to possess a limited host range, with erythroid progenitor cells as the main target cells supporting B19 propagation. The underlying mechanism of such erythroid tropism is still unexplained. Synthesis of the NS1 nonstructural protein occurs in permissive and nonpermissive cells, such as megakaryocytes, whereas synthesis of the VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins seems to be restricted to burst-forming units and CFU of erythroid cells. In nonpermissive cells, the NS1 protein is overexpressed and the NS1 RNAs are the predominant RNA species. However, the VP1 and VP2 proteins are not detectable, although the corresponding mRNAs are synthesized. Since all transcripts have part of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) in common but distinct 3' UTRs characterizing the nonstructural- and structural-protein mRNAs, we investigated, in transient transfection assays, the possible involvement of the 3' UTR of the capsid protein mRNAs in VP1 and VP2 protein synthesis in nonpermissive Cos cells. The results showed that (i) the 3' UTR of mRNAs coding for the capsid proteins repressed VP1 and VP2 protein synthesis, (ii) the 3' UTR did not affect nuclear export or mRNA stability, and (iii) mRNAs bearing the 3' UTR of the capsid protein mRNAs did not associate with ribosomes at all. Taken together, these results indicate that in nonpermissive cells, the 3' UTR of the capsid protein mRNAs represses capsid protein synthesis at the translational level by inhibiting ribosome loading.
Fire and ice: genetic structure of the Uinta ground squirrel (Spermophilus armatus) across the Yellowstone hotspot

The range of the Uinta ground squirrel, Spermophilus armatus, is centred over one of the most tectonically active regions today, the Yellowstone hotspot. We document the role of Quaternary tectonic and climatic history on the genetic structure of this species by screening museum and extant individuals throughout its range. Phylogeographic, divergence time, and demographic analyses of partial mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region DNA sequences yield insight into the cadence of evolution across three spatiotemporal scales: (i) a relatively deep intraspecific divergence of S. armatus into three lineages coincident with the last major volcanic eruption in the region and maintained by the Snake River Plain; (ii) demographic expansion in two lineages corresponding to the time of last deglaciation of the region; and (iii) a recent (< 50 years) local extinction of the third lineage coincident with climatic change and conversion of habitat for agricultural purposes in eastern Idaho. Beyond these inferences, our study highlights the unique value of museum material to phylogeography, and shows that small mammal recolonization of previously glaciated montane ‘islands’ differs from northward postglacial expansion observed in areas previously covered by continental ice sheets. Montane ‘islands’ may harbour high genetic diversity because of admixture and recurrent expansion/extinction.
Disentangling inter-subject variations: Automatic localization of ventricular tachycardia origin from 12-lead electrocardiograms

An automatic, real-time localization of ventricular tachycardia (VT) can improve the efficiency and efficacy of interventional therapies. Because the exit site of VT gives rise to its QRS morphology on electrocardiograms (ECG), it has been shown feasible to predict VT exits from 12-lead ECGs. However, existing work have reported limited resolution and accuracy due to a critical challenge: the significant inter-subject heterogeneity in ECG data. In this paper, we present a method to explicitly separate and represent the factors of variation in data throughout a deep network using denoising autoencoder with contrastive regularization. We demonstrate the performance of this method on an ECG dataset collected from 39 patients and 1012 distinct sites of ventricular origins. An improvement in the accuracy of localizing the origin of activation is obtained in comparison to a traditional approach that uses prescribed QRS features for prediction, as well as the use of a standard autoencoder network without separating the factors of variations in ECG data.
Retinoids in Oral Diseases: An Enigmatic Role in Chemoprevention

Carcinogenesis is a complex disease which involves environmental and genetic factors as a predisposing cause that bring alterations in the microstructure of the cell. Vitamin A is considered as an essential micronutrient whose role is extensively known in physiologic and elusive in pathological state associated with chemopreventive and therapeutic modalities. Retinoids, form of Vitamin A, have been known to suppress cancers related to breast, lung, bladder, prostrate, blood and to some extent the cancers of oral cavity. Successful results have been observed and reported in certain types of leukemia but its role in oral premalignant and malignant lesions are still in its premature state. Suggested school of thoughts says that Retinoids act through receptors like RAR/RXR to form ligands which affect transcription of gene that controls abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Various immunotherapeutic modalities focus on the receptors, receptor binding or receptor ligands for the better prevention and prognosis of the disease. The prognosis of the disease depends on the invasive extent and ability to metastasis to distant organ but the major limitation that prevail the use of drugs is to develop resistance against the respective receptors. The present review focuses on the physiologic, epigenetic and molecular role of Vitamin A in few of the lesions affecting the oral cavity.
Thermally stable integrated Se-based OTS selectors with >20 MA/cm2 current drive, >3.103 half-bias nonlinearity, tunable threshold voltage and excellent endurance

We report on novel integrated Se-based Ovonic Threshold Switching selector devices, with sizes down to 50nm, which can be operated reliably at high drive current densities, exceeding 20MA/cm2, and have high half-bias nonlinearity exceeding well 103. We show functional devices after a thermal budget of 350°C. Their electrical properties are tunable by careful control of the GexSe1−x films composition, thickness or process condition.
Speciation in Ancient Lakes (Concluded)

Like Baikal, Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa each occupy tectonic troughs and all have many similar features. All are very long and narrow. The long axis of Tanganyika measures 650 km. , whereas that of Baikal is 675 km. Their areas and therefore their average widths are practically identical (Halbfass, 1928). Nyasa is shorter, 580 km. in length, but about as wide, with an area of 25,000 sq. km. , according to Giliman (1933). Baikal, Tanganyika, and Nyasa are respectively the seventh, eighth, and ninth largest in area of the lakes of the world (Halbfass, 1937). A bathymetric map of Tanganyika was published by Stappers in 1914. Rhoades' map of 1902 is the only one available for Nyasa. (Stappers' map is reproduced in Beauchamp, 1939, and in Poll, 1946.) In Tanganyika the maximum depth which has been found is 1435 m. , proving this to be the second deepest lake in the world. Tanganyika is separated into two major basins by a ridge joining the large peninsulas jutting into the middle part of the lake. The position of the ridge is indicated by the arrows in Fig. 6. Dr. Max Poll, of the Congo Museum, Tervuren, has graciously informed me in personal communication that echo-soundings made by Dr. A. Copart, oceanographer of the recent Belgian expedition to Tanganyika, indicate that this ridge between Kungwe and Albertville has a mean lower depth ("profondeur moyenne inferieure") of 500 m. At one of Stappers' soundings the ridge was within 136 m. of the present surface. The southern basin is the larger, and the maximum depth was found somewhat south of its middle. The maximum depth recorded frpm the central basin is 1277 m. The greater part of the bottom of the third, much smaller basin which forms the northern tip of the lake is about 200 m. below the surface. The only major irregularity in the present Tanganyika coastline is the J-shaped Ubwari Peninsula which juts from the west shore at the northern end of the lake and separates the northern from the central basin. The long arm of the peninsula runs northward parallel to the shore and encloses the relatively shallow (to about 200 m). Gulf of Burton. Nyasa is not as deep as its northern sister, ranking as fourth deepest of the world's lakes, with a maximum depth of 706 m. (Halbfass, 1937). Most of the bottom in the southern half of Nyasa is between 100 and 350 m. below the surface,
Changes in parameters of oxidative stress and free iron biomarkers during treatment with deferasirox in iron-overloaded patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Approximately 60–80% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) present with symptomatic anemia and, of these, 80–90% will require red blood cell (RBC) transfusions as supportive therapy. [1][1],[2][2] Excess transfusional iron causes accumulation of labile plasma iron (LPI), the
Neurologic maturation and auditory evoked responses in low birth weight infants.

The maturation of the nervous system of two groups of infants of low birth weight was estimated by the results of a standardized clinical neurologic examination and by evaluation of the electroencephalographic responses to auditory stimuli (clicks). Algebraically summed responses to clicks were recorded simultaneously from 10 scalp electrodes, using a standard electroencephalograph, tape recorder, and a computer of average transients. The results obtained by the two methods were compared with the age postconception, estimated from the maternal history. One group consisted of infants whose birth weights were below the 10th percentile for their gestational age (37.1 ± 2.0 weeks); the other group consisted of infants whose birth weights were similar to the first group but were between the 25th and 75th percentile for their gestational age (31.0 ± 2.3 weeks). In the small-for-age infants, the electroencephalographic responses and the neurologic reflexes were more mature than in the infants of similar birth weights who were not small for age. The results of both examination methods correlated well with the estimated postconception age but less well with birth weight, postnatal age, or somatic growth.
A framework for surveillance video indexing and retrieval

We propose a framework for surveillance video indexing and retrieval. In this paper, we focus on the following features: (1) combine recognized video contents (output from a video analysis module) with visual words (computed over all the raw video frames) to enrich the video indexation in a complimentary way; using this scheme user can make queries about objects of interest even when the video analysis output is not available; (2) support an interactive feature generation (currently color histogram and trajectory) that gives a facility for users to make queries at different levels according to the a priori available information and the expected results from retrieval; (3) develop a relevance feedback module adapted to the proposed indexing scheme and the specific properties of surveillance videos for the video surveillance context. Results emphasizing these three aspects prove a good integration of video analysis for video surveillance and interactive indexing and retrieval.
Treatment-Seeking Rates and Associated Mediating Factors among Individuals with Depression

Objective: To systematically review the literature with respect to treatment-seeking rates for depression and associated mediating factors. This review focuses on adolescents and adults of all ages. Methods: A structured literature review using Medline and PsychInfo databases revealed 38 relevant papers. Two trained reviewers independently and blindly assessed each study according to 4 inclusion criteria. A total of 17 papers met all 4 criteria. Results: Between 17.0% and 77.8% of individuals with depressive episodes or disorders sought treatment in these studies. We could explain the range in rates by diverse measures of depression, mediating factors that influence treatment-seeking, varied years in which the studies were done, and different time periods over which treatment-seeking was assessed. Conclusions: Treatment-seeking rates for major depression appear to have increased over the years. Age, race, social supports, and clinical and psychiatric factors seem to influence treatment-seeking rates most. Public health initiatives can use this information to facilitate service access and delivery.
Esófago de Barrett: Actualización del tema

Barrett's esophagus is an acquired condition that results in a serious injury of the esophageal mucosa and whose importance lies in the possible progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma continues to rise in the Western world, being survival rate very grim when diagnosis is made in later stages. For this reason the current strategies to improve survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma focus on cancer detection at an early and potentially curable stage. This purpose could be achieved either by screening patients most likely to have Barrett's esophagus or by endoscopic surveillance in patients with known Barrett's esophagus. However, the detection and monitoring strategies are currently invasive, expensive and with not really proven benefit. However, new techniques have been and are developed to improve the diagnosis and treatment in order to change the current reality. The aim of this paper is to update the reader on this pathology in terms of pathophysiological and epidemiological aspects, but especially in relation to advances in diagnosis and endoscopic treatment. We also propose a guideline for monitoring and clinical management in this group of patients.
Efficient Second Harmonic Generation Through Selective Photonic Crystal-Microcavity Coupling

In this paper, a new 2-D frequency converter based on second harmonic generation (SHG) in GaAs photonic crystal waveguides is proposed. The input waveguide, where the second order nonlinear process takes place, is coupled to a secondary waveguide that is designed to allow only SH propagation. A row of photonic crystal microcavity resonators is then placed parallel to the waveguides in order to assist the field coupling. By tuning the resonance of the microcavities at second harmonic wave, the waveguides-microcavities arrangement showed good enhancement of conversion efficiency and selectivity. The performance of the proposed frequency converter has been analyzed by using multiresolution time domain (MRTD) scheme developed for nonlinear problems in conjunction with uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) boundary conditions that rigorously truncate the computational window.
What Is the Perceived Quality of Life of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease and Does It Differ by Anomaly?

Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) represent a growing population of patients thanks to the medical and surgical advances which enable at least 85% of children to survive to adulthood. These advances may create quality-of-life (QoL) issues not previously considered. The purpose of this cross-sectional study of 124 adults with CHD was to describe their QoL as a basis for providing appropriate information, counseling, and anticipatory guidance. Thirteen patients had single ventricle physiology (SVP), 43 had cyanotic lesions with 2 ventricle repairs, and 68 had acyanotic CHD. On the basis of Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) scores, individuals with SVP had worse QoL than did those with cyanotic lesions (with 2 ventricle repairs) and acyanotic anomalies (SIP = 9.98 vs 4.61 and 3.76). SIP scores were statistically significantly different between those with SVP and those with acyanotic anomalies (P = .02). For all groups, the areas of life most affected were work and sleep and rest. Participants with SVP saw themselves as having the poorest QoL.
Emotional Self-Disclosure in Online Breast Cancer Support Groups: Examining Theme, Reciprocity, and Linguistic Style Matching

ABSTRACT The present study investigated emotional self-disclosure (ESD) patterns and their effects in online support groups specific to different stages of breast cancer. Linguistic features of messages posted to an online breast cancer support group were analyzed. ESD was common, and was consistent across four stage forums. Emotional talk was linked to a variety of themes, but most prominently in the context of discussions about social connections rather than health or death. Linguistic style matching mediated the relationship between ESD in posts and reciprocal ESD in comments, suggesting a key role for mutual understanding and engagement between posters and commenters. Implications for health communication theory and practice were discussed.
Place des résections pelviennes élargies associées à une chimiothérapie hyperthermique intra-péritonéale dans le traitement de la carcinose péritonéale

La chirurgie de cytoreduction (CCR) associee a une chimiotherapie hyperthermique intra-peritoneale (CHIP) est le seul traitement curatif de la carcinose peritoneale. La necessite d'obtenir une resection complete des lesions est un facteur pronostique majeur. Elle ne peut se faire parfois (du fait de l'extension regionale et en profondeur des nodules et/ou de la tumeur primitive) qu'au prix d'une exerese pelvienne elargie emportant le rectosigmoide et les organes pelviens de voisinage. Le but principal de cette etude a ete d'evaluer la morbidite des pelvectomies associees une CHIP afin d'en definir la place dans le traitement de la carcinose peritoneale. Materiel et methodes. Etude retrospective bi-centrique (Rouen et Paris-Lariboisiere) incluant l'ensemble des patients traites par CCR (avec resection d'au moins un organe pelvien sous-peritoneal) + CHIP pour carcinose peritoneale. Aucun critere d'exclusion concernant la nature histologique ou le nombre de localisation metastatique n'a ete retenu. A fin de comparaison, les patients ont ete divises en 2 groupes, un groupe Pelvectomie (definie par l'exerese d'au moins un organe pelvien en plus de la proctectomie) et un groupe Proctectomie sans autre exerese pelvienne. Resultats. Entre 2006 et 2013, 76 patients ont ete traites par CCR (avec resection d'au moins un organe pelvien sous-peritoneal) + CHIP pour carcinose peritoneale dont 40 avec une resection pelvienne elargie (53%). Ces procedures chirurgicales incluaient 20 pelvectomies posterieures supralevatoriennes (50%), 17 pelvectomies atypiques (42,5%) et 3 pelvectomies totales (2 supra et 1 infralevatorienne). Un geste urinaire etait associe dans 40% des cas. La resection a ete evaluee CCR-0 pour 100% des patients et etait monobloc dans 35 cas/40 (87,5%). La morbidite (grade 3-4) a ete evaluee a 42,5%. Comparativement au groupe controle, les patients du groupe Pelvectomie avaient une duree operatoire plus longue, plus de pertes sanguines peroperatoires et plus d'organes reseques. Aucune difference n'a ete mise en evidence sur la morbidite de grade 3-4, la mortalite, le taux de reintervention chirurgicale et la duree de sejour. Le taux de complications de grade ≥ 3 n'etait pas influence par le type de resection pelvienne realisee. Analysee a partir du sous-groupe de patients dont l'origine de la carcinose etait un adenocarcinome digestif, la mediane de survie globale etait de 29 mois et aucune difference n'a ete retrouvee en termes de survie globale et sans recidive (p=0,43 et p=0,68). Conclusion. L'atteinte pelvienne massive n'est pas une contre indication a la realisation d'une CCR + CHIP. La necessite d'une resection pelvienne elargie afin d'obtenir une resection complete de la carcinose n'augmente pas la morbidite postoperatoire de facon significative et ne pejore pas le pronostic carcinologique y compris en cas de pelvectomie totale.
Hyperprothrombinemia may result in scquired activated protein C reistance.

Activated protein C (APC) resistance[1][1] due to the factor V (FV) gene mutation G1691A (single-letter nucleotide codes)[2][2] and the prothrombin gene mutation G20210A[3][3] are the most common genetic disorders associated with venous thrombosis. APC resistance not due to the FV gene mutation