Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensity of spring wheat transpiration due to weather factors and methods of basic tillage

The paper presents the study of daily course transpiration of the three upper leaves of cultivars of spring hard wheat of different origin, grown against the background of two methods of primary tillage in different conditions of the vegetation period according to weather factors. The studies were carried out according to the method of rapid weighing using the torsion scales VT-500 three times during the day (9:00, 12:00 and 15:00 hours) in the phases of stem elongation and wheat earing. The paper identifies cultivar specificity of the course of daytime transpiration, the influence of soil tillage methods on the amount of transpiration, as well as a significant dependence on weather factors over the years of study. The results can be used in practical breeding with the perspective assessment of varieties according to the transpiration activity of the leaves in the most important phases of the spring wheat growing season. In connection with changes in the climatic factor in the direction of increasing aridity, it is important to know the patterns of the response of the plant organism to the extreme conditions and the possibility of its use in breeding practice. The results obtained can substantiate the needs to use various methods of basic processing to reduce negative weather factors.
Maximum voluntary bite force, occlusal contact points and associated stresses on posterior teeth

ABSTRACT All-ceramic dental restorations are now regularly being used in clinical situations. Forces applied to ceramic dental restorations can result in failure due to cracking. Dental restorations may be subjected to significant loads in the mouth and small contact points between opposing teeth may result in markedly high stress when a high bite force is encountered. This study recorded maximum voluntary bite forces on the posterior teeth of 40 participants and inter-occlusal contact points were identified by digitally scanning the teeth and calculating the surface area by accompanying software. Bite forces from as low as 83.9 Newton (N) to the highest at 1642.8 N, with a mean of 430.4 N (sd = 279.4) were recorded. Inter-occlusal contact points as small as 0.065 mm2 were measured. The resultant stress teeth may experience has been shown to potentially exceed the flexural strength of even the strongest dental ceramic available on the market for 21.8% of the teeth tested. This study aimed to describe the stresses that teeth experience, and thus predict the stresses that future restorations on those teeth may experience. This approach may prove valuable in guiding clinicians in their material selection as well as the design of all-ceramic restorations.
Understanding How Principals Shape Collaborative School Culture

The issue of school improvement is complex, and although reform initiatives have emanated from positive intentions for schools, many have been detrimental to school culture. Collaborative school culture has been cited as an essential element of school improvement; thus, a need exists to better understand how principals perceive and shape collaborative school cultures. This study examined leadership approaches and workplace conditions critical to the development of collaborative school cultures. The importance of the principal’s role in shaping collaborative culture is often noted in the literature. Using a sequential mixed methods explanatory research approach, the study consisted of two phases that employed quantitative and qualitative measures. Massachusetts’ principals (1,773) were contacted by email to participate in an on-line survey, with 261 principals completing the survey, resulting in a response rate of 15%. Ten telephone interviews were conducted after survey results were analyzed. The data analysis generated six key findings. Finding #1 showed eight school level factors that contributed to collaborative culture. School level factors included involving teachers in decision-making and providing opportunities to share ideas through dialogue and planning. Finding #2 articulated principals’ desire to effect change; it emerged because of principals’ perceptions of collaborative culture in their schools. Finding #3 identified six leadership indicators that have a strong influence on collaborative culture. Indicators ranged from valuing teachers’ ideas to protecting planning and instructional time. Finding #4 validated the importance of school specific personal leadership qualities and practices. The leadership qualities principals reported most often were empathy and vulnerability, and leadership practices include setting expectations, building relationships, and empowering teachers. Finding #5 established teams, time, and professional development were three organizational factors that contributed to collaborative culture, while
Review on Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete by Using Waste Materials

Concrete ingredients is different material like binding material (cement+ fly ash), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Today construction cost is very high with using conventional materials due to unavailability of natural materials. This problem can be solved by total replacement of concrete with different material which is not convenient in terms of required properties. Due to this limitation of unavailability of material which plays the vital role of concrete we have only choice of partial replacement of concrete ingredients by waste materials. Overv4.2 billion tons of cement was consumed globally in 2018 based on survey of world coal association and also cement production emits CO2 in to the atmosphere which is harmful to the nature. If we can partially replace the cement with the material with desirable properties then we can save natural material and reduce emission of CO2 in to the atmosphere. This industrial waste dumping to the nearest site which spoils the land and atmosphere as well as it also affects aesthetics of urban environment so use of this waste material in concrete is cost effective as well as environment friendly way to disposal of waste. The primary objective of this study is to select the waste material which gives desirable properties with concrete. This study includes previous investigation done on the mechanical and chemical properties of concrete produced using partial replacement of cement by waste materials.
Radiation regime and canopy architecture in a boreal aspen forest

This study was part of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). It took place m a mature aspen forest in Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada. The aspen trees were 21.5m high with a 2 3 m high hazelnut understory. The objectives were: (1) to compare the radiation regime beneath the overstory before and after leaf emergence; (2) to infer the structural characteristics of the aspen canopy leaf inclination and clumping; (3) to determine the seasonal course of the leaf area index (L) for both the overstory and understory. Above-stand radiation measurements were made on a 39 m walk-up tower, and understory radiation measurements were made on a tram which moved horizontally back and forth at 0.10ms -1 on a pair of steel cables 65m in length suspended 4m above the ground. In addition, several LI-COR LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzers were used to determine the effective leaf area index and the zenith angle dependent extinction coefficient (G(O)) for both the aspen and the hazelnut throughout the growing season. These measurements were supplemented with destructive sampling of the hazelnut at the peak of the growing season. Before leaf emergence, the ratios of belowto above-aspen solar radiation (S), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and net radiation (R n) during most of the day were 0.58, 0.55 and 0.47, respectively. By midsummer, these ratios had fallen to 0.33, 0.26 and 0.26, respectively. The aspen G(O) was relatively invariant with 0, within ___ 0.05 of 0.5 throughout the growing season, indicating a spherical distribution of leaf inclination angles (i.e. the leaves were randomly inclined). The hazelnut G(O) has a cosine response with respect to 0, which was consistent with the generally planophile leaf distribution for hazelnut. Using canopy gap size distribution theories developed by Chen and Black (1992b, Agric. For. Meteorol., 60: 249-266) and Chen and Cihlar (1995a, Appl. Opt., 34: 6211-6222) based on Miller and Norman (1971, Agron. J., 63: 735-738), the foliage clumping index (O) of the aspen canopy was derived from high-frequency tram measurements of PPFD. The aspen O was fairly constant with 0, but showed a small seasonal variation, with a minimum value of 0.70 in the midsummer. The hazelnut was found to be 0.98 dletermined using the L from the destructive sampling, indicating no clumping. After corrections for clumping and the wood area index (a) , the seasonal course of L near the tower for both aspen and hazelnut was determined, with maximum L of 2.4 and 3.3 for the aspen and hazelnut, respectively. © 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Seroepidemiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus in Uigur Male Drug Users from A Place in Xinjiang

The aim of this study is to explore the primary features of Seroepidemiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus in Uigur male drug users from a place in Xingjiang.Antibodies against KSHV latent antigen ORF73,lytic antigens K8.1 and ORF65 are measured by an ELISA-based assay.Chi-square test was performed to analysis the data.In this study,60 out of 199 sera samples(30.6%) were KSHV positive.Via Chi-Square Tests,there was no significantly difference among age,occupation,education levels,marriage statuses,HIV-1 status.There was no overall significant KSHV seroprevalences difference among taking drug by injection,by mouth,and ones by mouth and injection both,duration of drug using,sharing needle.Our data implicate KSHV seroprevalences was higer and KSHV was common among these in this population.
Information Theory Based Probabilistic Machine Learning And Wireline Inversion: Surat Basin Case Study

Summary We present a probabilistic machine learning approach to determine lithologies for the wireline data from the Springbok Sandstone formation in the Surat Basin. Deterministic inversions of the data are compared to the new machine learning approach in order to develop a generic method for wireline log inversions. The approach is designed to combine the benefits of classical deterministic inversion with new machine learning algorithms hence providing an approach to a statistical learning method. In this approach model parameters have a physical meaning and therefore can be readily related to petrophysical standards. We start by establishing a prior distribution of minerals within the Springbok Sandstone Formation using geochemical laboratory data. The prior distributions are used in a Bayesian framework to improve wireline-based predictions of the mineral assemblages within the formation. The uncertainties of the predictions are quantified using the associated information entropy measure. This approach allows us to choose between various model mineral assemblages and apply an information theory augmented statistical learning approach.
Behaviour of accelerating entropy spots

Behaviour of accelerating entropy spots Francesca De Domenico Combustion noise has become a major research interest within the aerospace community. Stricter pollutant emission regulations have forced the introduction of lean premixed pre-vaporised combustors, which produce less NOx but burn more unsteadily, generating more noise and creating the potential for combustion instabilities. Pressure fluctuations in combustion chambers are traditionally classified as direct and indirect noise. The former arises directly from the heat release rate perturbations in the flame. The latter is generated indirectly from the acceleration of regions of non-uniform temperature, density and composition (entropy and composition spots) through narrow passages such as nozzles or turbine guide vanes. Entropy-generated sound waves are both transmitted downstream of the acceleration point, contributing to the overall noise emission, and reflected upstream, where they may couple with the acoustics of the system, potentially triggering instabilities. Presently, the processes causing the generation of indirect noise and the triggering mechanisms for secondary instabilities are still not completely understood and need further investigation. The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the behaviour of accelerating entropy spots, providing analytical and experimental tools to identify and isolate travelling entropy spots and the sound generated from their acceleration. The physical mechanisms of entropyto-sound conversion are investigated using a model non-reacting flow system (the Entropy Generator Rig, EGR), designed to mimic the behaviour of a combustor in a controlled environment. The contribution of indirect noise can be easily identified and isolated in the acquired pressure traces, allowing the first direct comparison between experimental data and a newly developed analytical model for the entropy-to-sound conversion in non-isentropic systems. An important challenge that has limited the understanding of indirect noise is the lack of experimental techniques capable to detect and characterise the production and decay of entropic perturbations in combustion chambers. Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy (LIGS) is a promising optical technique for the diagnostics in the gas phase, which measures the
First-principles studies on the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of L1o and L12 FexPt1-x alloys

Bimetallic FexPt1-x alloys with the L10 and L12 structures have recently gained a lot of consideration in practical applications for solid-state devices, storage of ultra-high density magnetic data and biomedicine. This is due to their high magnetic and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, density, and coercivity. In order to gain knowledge on the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of the cubic and tetragonal FexPt1-x alloys, we have calculated their equilibrium lattice constants, density of states, and elastic constants at 0 K, employing first-principles calculations. The calculated equilibrium lattice constants were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data to within 3 %. All independent elastic constants satisfy the necessary stability conditions for both cubic and tetragonal systems, suggesting mechanical stability. The shear anisotropic factors predict that the tetragonal FexPt1-x crystals are highly anisotropic along the {001} plane than {100}. Moreover, the percentage of bulk (AB) and shear (AG) anisotropies revealed completely isotropic systems in the bulk and slightly anisotropic in shear modulus.
Surface Slip During Large Owens Valley Fault Earthquakes

The 1872 Owens Valley earthquake is the third largest known historical earthquake in California. Relatively sparse ﬁeld data and a complex rupture trace, however, inhibited attempts to fully resolve the slip distribution and reconcile the total moment release. We present a new, comprehensive record of surface slip based on lidar and ﬁeld investigation, documenting 162 new measurements of laterally and vertically displaced landforms for 1872 and prehistoric Owens Valley earthquakes. Our lidar analysis uses a newly developed analytical tool to measure fault slip based on cross-correlation of sublinear topographic features and to produce a uniquely shaped probability density function (PDF) for each measurement. Stack-ing PDFs along strike to form cumulative offset probability distribution plots (COPDs) highlights common values corresponding to single and multiple-event displacements. Lateral offsets for 1872 vary systematically from (cid:2) 1.0 to 6.0 m and average 3.3 6 1.1 m (2 r ). Vertical offsets are predominantly east-down between (cid:2) 0.1 and 2.4 m, with a mean of 0.8 6 0.5 m. The average lateral-to-vertical ratio compiled at spe-ciﬁc sites is (cid:2) 6:1. Summing displacements across subparallel, overlapping rupture traces implies a maximum of 7–11 m and net average of 4.4 6 1.5 m, corresponding to a geologic M w (cid:2) 7.5 for the 1872 event. We attribute progressively higher-offset lateral COPD peaks at 7.1 6 2.0 m, 12.8 6 1.5 m, and 16.6 6 1.4 m to three earlier large surface ruptures. Evaluating cumulative displacements in context with previously dated landforms in Owens Valley suggests relatively modest rates of fault slip, averaging between (cid:2) 0.6 and 1.6 mm/yr (1 r ) over the late Quaternary.
Satellite remote sensing and GIS-based crops forecasting & estimation system in Pakistan.

Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), the Space Agency of Pakistan started developing crop area estimation procedures and crop yield models, based on the application of satellite remote sensing, GIS technology, agronomy, agro-meteorology, statistics and other allied disciplines. Conventionally, Crops area estimation system traditionally is based on Village Master Sampling (VMS) from revenue department developed in late 1970s by Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan. Satellite based crops monitoring system in Pakistan has been developed to forecast and estimate crops statistics of major crops which include wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, maize and potato since 2005. Crops area estimates are based on two approaches which are Satellite data supervised classification and area frame sampling system. Overall, classification accuracy ranged from 85-95%. Yield modeling is based on FAO approach of yield relationship with predictor variables. Crop yield forecasting and estimation cover another important dimension of crops statistics being mostly of qualitative nature. SPOT Vegetation data is main yield predicting variable in all calibrated models. All major crops models including wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane and maize were calibrated for yield forecasting during initial to peak growth season and estimated near harvest time. A selection criterion was the R2 value (Co-efficient of determination) of 0.8 or more. Satellite data based crops area and yield estimation were compiled and compared later with government official statistics. Main advantage of the SUPARCO satellite based crops system is timeliness release of the data.
Pathological character and clinical analysis of the hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach:A report of 11 cases

Objective:To investigate the relation between the special clinical and pathological features and prognosis of the hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach(HAS),and to guide clinical treatment.Methods:Retrospective analysis of the pathological and clinical characteristics were studied in 11 cases,who had been operated and final diagnosed as HAS through pathologic diagnosis.Results:In the 11 cases,male 7,female 4,the mean age was 61.5 years old,and there were 5 cases with liver metastasis before the operation,4 cases with liver metastasis after the operation.Most invasion was in sinus ventriculi(54.5%),and the pathologic type was mostly anabrosis(72.7%). Conclusion:HAS is a gastric carcinoma with both hepatocellular and adenomatoid differentiation.Its prognosis is often poor because of frequant hepatic metastasis and lymphatic metastasis.
A Novel Mathematical Model of the Solar Assisted Dehumidification and Regeneration Systems

This paper introduces a state-of-the-art modelling technique to investigate the performance of solar assisted dehumidification and regeneration cycles. The dehumidification/regeneration system investigated in this study employs a solid adsorbent bed and enables use of both solar energy and returning warm air to deliver efficient dehumidification and regeneration of the treated air. Study of literature revealed a huge gap between model results and industrial performance of such systems. Hence, the modelling work presented in this paper employs Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) technique to close the gap between model outputs and real-life operation parameters of the system. An extensive amount of laboratory tests were also carried out on the dehumidification/regeneration system and model predictions were validated through comparison with experimental results. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with experimental results, with maximum error not exceeding 10%. The GPR technique enables simultaneous analysis of a vast quantity of key system parameters derived from mathematical models and laboratory tests. The system parameters investigated in this study include: temperature, relative humidity and flow rate of process air, and temperature of regeneration air, solar radiation intensity, operating time, moisture extraction efficiency of the dehumidification cycle and moisture removal efficiency of the regeneration cycle. Investigation of both modelling and experimental results revealed that efficiencies of the both dehumidification and regeneration cycles decrease as relative humidity of the process air increases. The increase in regeneration temperature leads to an increase in regeneration efficiency whereas; it does not have a significant impact on the dehumidification efficiency. A similar trend was also observed when solar intensity were increased. The proposed technique reduced the complexity of model by eliminating the need for heat and mass transfer calculations; reduced the performance gap between model results and real-life performance data, and increased the reliability of model outputs by showing a good agreement with experimental results. The GPR based mathematical model delivers an effective design and performance evaluation tool for the solar assisted dehumidification and regeneration systems and provides an unprecedented opportunity for commercializing such systems.
Common Sports Injuries among Male Cricket Players in Bangladesh

Reviewed By: Dr. Ogolodom Promise Department: Reviewer/CMRO ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the common sports injuries among male cricket player. Objective: To identify the prevalence of sports injuries among the male player, to expose the injured participants age, training duration and to identify the common site and type of injury and treatment taken after injury. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was chosen to achieve the objectives of the study. 100 subjects were selected through convenience sampling technique from the injured male cricket player who trained in Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan (BKSP)& Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) by using a structural questionnaire to collect data. Results: The result of the study demonstrates that, the peak age group was n=45 (45%) were between 18-20 years. The bowlers n=60 (60 %) are mostly affected by the injuries in cricket. According to the regional area shoulder injuries of the pain was n=40, (40%) in all shoulder injury n=25 (25%) had rotator cuff injury from the total participants. From the total player n=20(20%) Hand and finger injury most common was MCP injury 16%. Out of thigh and hip injury among the 100 cricketers only n=30 (30%) had groin pain. From the total n=20 (20%) had knee and leg pain, out of 100 cricketers. The most common n=71 (71%) had indirect injury/ overuse injury. This study presents among severity of injury had n=45 (45.2%) had moderate injury. Among the participant 98% (n=98) were regularly attend in warm up and cool down activity and the duration of warm up and cool down 54% (n=54) more than or equal 16 min. Heart rate was 70% (n=70) less than or equal 72. The finding a lso reflects that the treatment was consisting physiotherapy as frequent as drug (48 % n=48 taken physiotherapy, 16% ; n=16 taken drug and 36%; n=36 taken both). Conclusion: The vulnerable age range 21-23 was frequent injury occurring among cricket player and noticeably flexibility and overuse are the key issues to cause of injury. Health education and perform regular physical activity along with physio therapeutic exercises can prevent injury.