Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Korea’s Trade Strategies for Mega Free Trade Agreements in Regional and Global Economic Integration

Korea has developed rapidly since the 1960s. It is one of the four Asian tiger economies and a good model for developing countries. Korea shows the world how a developing country can develop its economy rapidly and become industrialized. Its development strategy has mainly been an export-oriented trade policy. As a result, its trade volume grew from $1 billion in 1966 to $1 trillion in 2011, which is a 1,000-fold increase within five decades. Since 2011, Korea has become one of seven countries with a trade volume over $1 trillion. However, the Korean economy has experienced turbulence as well as positive growth. It underwent severe economic crises such as the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and the global financial crisis in 2008. Its economy has been extremely vulnerable to the external economic environment, although it has improved and strengthened, particularly since the global financial crisis. During those two crises, the government carried out an appropriate trade policy with a strategic approach to upgrade its industrial structure and competitiveness in global markets.This article comprehensively discusses Korean trade policy and strategy over the last five decades, and how its national economy has developed rapidly. It also explores how the government sets its strategic targets in Asia and the Asia Pacific region. It considers two mega free trade agreements (FTAs) - the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Trans-Pacific Partnership - as new opportunities for further development. Therefore, it is wise to analyze these regional mega FTAs in order to maximize the national interest.
Usos y tendencias adictivas de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios españoles a la red social Tuenti: la actitud positiva hacia la presencia de la madre en la red como factor protector

Title: Spanish university studentsuses of the social network Tuenti and their addiction levels: The protective role of the positive attitude toward motherspresence as contact. Abstract: The present work aimed to study, from the uses and gratifica- tions paradigm, the uses that Spanish university students (N = 221) do of the social networking site Tuenti, and the relationship between these uses and young's self-reported levels of addiction towards Tuenti. Also, the stu- dents' attitudes towards the presence of their parents as contacts in Tuenti, and the impact of gender were analyzed. The results showed four different categories of uses: entertainment, public communication, private commu- nication and social information. Also, young's positive attitude toward the presence of the mother in Tuenti played a protective role in their addition levels towards this social networking site. Finally, statistically significant gender differences in the uses of Tuenti and also in their addiction levels toward Tuenti were found.
The EU development policy regime of incoherence towards the pacific ACP countries with special reference to Fiji and Samoa: the EU and the ACP states: a new partnership?

This thesis will operationalise the following research question: To what extent is the EU able to actually implement the large array of foreign policy objectives in its current development policy towards the ACP states and create a coherent policy regime? This thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, a short introduction to the EU’s development policy towards the Developing World, especially towards the ACPs, is outlined and a short summary of the history of EU-ACP relations is given. In Chapter 2, the most relevant theories to the interactions of the policy actors in the EU’s development policy sector are explained and applied into practice. Chapter 3 illustrates the methodological design and refers to the main variables that might account for the level of incoherence in the EU development policy. Afterwards in Chapter 4 the EU’s foreign policy priorities in this policy area will be analysed and the extent these objectives are in a conflict with one another. To fully illustrate the reasons for policy incoherence, the results of the focused comparison conducted in Fiji and Samoa are summarised. Chapter 5 summarises the findings of the thesis and suggest policy recommendations for the future. This study uses the methodological design of a focused comparison between the Fiji Islands and Samoa over the time period of the year 2000 until the present time. This has enabled me to compare the results from a fairly high developed country with those of a less developed country in the Pacific. Case-specific Information on the government positions of the two cases Fiji and Samoa has contributed to the comprehensiveness of the analysis. The results of this thesis show up the various factors that could be of explanatory value for the fragmented nature of the EU development policy. As to be found in other EU policy areas as well, EU decision-making is largely determined by its dichotomous nature between the more supranationally oriented EU institutions (predominantly the European Commission) and the intergovernmental Council of Ministers. In the context of the EU development policy towards the ACP states, the thesis has identified the lack of coordination between the bilateral policies of the member states and the development policy pursued at the EU level as the major stumbling block to the effectiveness of EU policies towards the South. Concerning the ability of the EU to implement the foreign policy objectives in the development policy domain, it has been found that in spite of post-Lome reforms of the EU’s development policy regime it has not yet managed to improve the situation of poverty and underdevelopment in the ACP countries, including the Pacific ACPs.
Insulin Signaling in α-cells Modulates Glucagon Secretion in vivo

Glucagon plays an important role in glucose homeostasis by regulating hepatic glucose output in both normoand hypoglycemic conditions. In this study, we created and characterized alpha cell-specific insulin receptor knockout (alphaIRKO) mice to directly explore the role of insulin signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in vivo. Adult male alphaIRKO mice exhibited mild glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, and hyperglucagonemia in the fed state and enhanced glucagon secretion in response to L-arginine stimulation. Hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp studies revealed an enhanced glucagon secretory response and an abnormal norepinephrine response to hypoglycemia in alphaIRKO mice. The mutants also exhibited an age-dependent increase in beta cell mass. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of insulin receptor in glucagon-secreting InR1G cells promoted enhanced glucagon secretion and complemented our in vivo findings. Together, these data indicate a significant role for intraislet insulin signaling in the regulation of alpha cell function in both normoand hypoglycemic conditions. KAWAMORI, Dan, et al. Insulin signaling in alpha cells modulates glucagon secretion in vivo. Cell Metabolism, 2009, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 350-361 DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet. 2009.02. 007
Effect of feeding broiler chickens with diets containing Alchornea cordifolia leaf meal and enzyme supplementation

This study sought to evaluate the effect of Alchornea cordifolia leaf meal (ACLM) inclusion and exogenous enzyme supplementation on broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty-two (252) arbour acre two weeks-old broiler chicken were selected from a larger flock that had been brooded on deep litter and raised on commercial diet. These birds were balanced for weight and thereafter distributed into 18 pens of 14 birds each. These pens were randomly allotted to six dietary treatment groups in such way that 3 replicates were fed on each experimental diet. For the starter and finisher phase, six experimental diets were formulated and designated as 0-E, 5-E and 10-E for the diets without enzyme and 0+E, 5+E and 10+E for diets with enzyme. Diet 0-E and 0+E serve as positive and negative control respectively. The experiment was carried out using a 2x3 factorial experiment comprising of 2 enzyme levels (0 and 0.35 g/kg) and 3 ACLM inclusion levels (0, 5 and 10%). The final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) were significantly affected by enzyme supplementation (p 0.05) by the main factors and their interactions except for the liver and proventriculus that were affected by the level of inclusion of ACLM. Red blood cells (RBC) significantly increased (p<0.05) while mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell volume (MCV) and monocytes significantly (p<0.05) decreased with an increase in the level of ACLM inclusion ranging from 0 to 10%. Enzyme supplementation caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in cholesterol and SGPT levels and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in SGOT. ACLM also significantly (p<0.05) affected the serum parameters considered, except for total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, bilirubin and SGPT in a way in which the increase of the ACLM level ranging from 0 to 5% and then to 10 % in the broiler’s diets promoted the declination in the cholesterol, urea, SGOT and glucose levels. Furthermore, the interaction of enzyme levels and ACLM has a significant (p<0.05) effect on cholesterol and SGPT levels. Basing on the data obtained in this study, ACLM is a potential useful feed material for feeding monogastrics. Therefore, it is suggested that 10% ACLM inclusion level could be used in broiler production.
Potential in vitro degradability and gas production of the byproducts of the biodiesel chain

The objective of this research was to evaluate the in vitro degradability and gas production from different byproducts of the domestic biodiesel industry ( Glycine max , Brassica napus L., Helianthus annuus and Raphanus sativus L.) using four increasing levels (0, 30, 50 and 70%) of replacement of Pennisetum purpureum . The inoculum for the in vitro incubations was obtained from three Holstein cows with rumen fistulas. Gas production was measured at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The experimental design was a completely randomized 4 × 4 factorial arrangement, with byproducts and their levels being the factors. The results showed a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) of all byproducts. A higher level of degradation was observed following 48 hours of incubation with Glycine max compared with other byproducts, but it did not reduce gas production; Raphanus sativus was the most efficient byproduct to reduce the total gas production. The lowest degradation was obtained with sunflower. All the studied byproducts may be used in the diet of ruminants as potential protein supplements. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar la produccion de gas y degradabilidad, mediante tecnica in vitro de diferentes subproductos para la industria nacional de biodiesel ( Glycine max , Brassica napus L., Helianthus annus y Raphanus sativus L.), en cuatro niveles (0, 30, 50 y 70%) sustitucion de Pennisetum purpureum . El inoculo para la incubacion in vitro se obtuvo de tres vacas Holstein con fistulas del rumen. La produccion de gas se midio 3, 6, 12, 24 y 48 horas despues de la incubacion. El diseno experimental fue completamente al azar en un arreglo factorial 4 × 4, con los factores que representan los subproductos y niveles. De acuerdo con los resultados de todos los subproductos estudiados mostraron un efecto significativo (P≤0,05) por las dietas. Glycine max en 48 horas de incubacion fue el subproducto que mostro una mayor degradacion, en comparacion con los demas, pero no redujo la produccion de gas, siendo el Raphanus sativus como subproducto eficiente para reducir la produccion total de gas. Todos los subproductos estudiados pueden ser utilizados en la dieta de los rumiantes, como posibles suplementos de proteinas.
A Case of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma with Mismatched Morphology and Phenotype, Karyotype and Clinical Course

Background: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative neoplasm with a very indolent clinical course and a noncharacteristic phenotype and karyotype. Peripheral blood morphology can be the first clue to the diagnosis. Methods: Here, we report a case of a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma, alive 20 years after initial diagnosis, with very atypical and immature lymphocytes in peripheral blood smear since then. Results: Peripheral blood phenotype and karyotype and pathological analysis of splenectomy sample, as well as the clinical evolution were compatible with splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Conversely, peripheral blood morphology was, from the start, atypical and suggestive of a high-grade lymphoproliferative disorder. Conclusion: Integrating all clinical and laboratory data is essential to make an appropriate diagnosis and guide the therapeutic options offered to patients.
Overfishing and regime shifts in minimal food web models

There is increasing evidence that regime shifts occur at several scales in ecosystems (from the spatiotemporal alternation of two species to large-scale, ecosystem-level rearrangements). Yet, the theoretical background for understanding these changes is far from clear. Since fishing down in marine ecosystems is well-documented trend, and its top-down cascading effects in food webs have been richly documented, it is a current question whether overfishing, in general, can also influence regime shifts at lower levels. We model simple marine ecosystems by dynamical food webs and investigate the probability of regime shifts emerging among primary consumers. We considered cases where only one of the primary consumers is persistent in the stationary state. By perturbing the death rates in the food web, we studied the circumstances when the previously persistent primary producer is indirectly changed by the previously non-persistent one. Whether and how regime shifts (e.g., change in primary consumers) can occur depends on (1) food web topology (presence of top-predator and alternative producer), (2) the relative strength of perturbation of primary consumers’ death rates, and (3) the dynamical parameters of the recovering consumer. We found that overfishing, food web topology and dynamical parameters together determine the probability of regime shifts. Thus, integrative and complex models are needed in multispecies fisheries.
LARGE SAMPLE PROPERTIES OF THE SCAD-PENALIZED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION ON HIGH DIMENSIONS

In this paper, we study large sample properties of smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalized maximum likelihood estimation for high- dimensional parameters. First, we prove that the oracle maximum likelihood es- timator (MLE) asymptotically becomes a local maximizer of the SCAD-penalized log-likelihood, even when the number of parameters is much larger than the sam- ple size; the oracle MLE is an ideal non-penalized MLE obtained by deleting all irrelevant parameters in advance. Second, we prove that if the log-likelihood is strictly concave, the oracle MLE asymptotically becomes the global maximizer of the SCAD-penalized log-likelihood with a diverging number of parameters that is less than the sample size. Various numerical experiments on simulated data sets are presented to verify the theoretical results, and two data examples are analyzed.
Adding Essences or Vegetable Pickles to Goat's Milk to Improve the Quality of Soft Cheese made It

The effect of adding some additives to goat's milk on the quality of white cheese was studied. Six treatments were done by adding of milky, astmobli, parameli and ripened white cheese tastes goat's milk at 0.04% whereas pickled pepper (Capsicum annum) and mixture of pickled carrot (Daucus carota), cucumber (Cucumus sativus) and green and black olive (Olea europeae) were mixed to goat's milk curd. The obtained results showed that adding the mentioned additives to goat's milk had no clear effect on yield, acidity, pH, fat, salt and TN contents of fresh white cheese and during ripening period whereas adding astmboli a nd parameli tastes slightly increased WSN, NPN and TVFA values of cheese. Organoleptic properties of white cheese were improved by blinding green pepper & astmboli, prameli tastes and pickled vegetables to goat's milk.
Operational issues of the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker

Current results from the successful operation of the Semi-Conductor Tracker (SCT) Detector at the LHC and its status after three years of operation is presented. This note reports on the operation of the detector including an overview of the issues we encountered and the observation of a significant increase of leakage current due to radiation damage. There have been a small number of significant changes effecting detector operation since the contribution to the previous conference in the series [1]. The LHC delivered 47 pb−1 in 2010, 5.6 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data in 2011 at 7 TeV and 14.7 fb−1 in 2012 (until September 12th) at 8 TeV, and two one-month periods of heavy ion collisions. The SCT has been fully operational throughout all data taking periods. It delivered high quality tracking data for 99.9% (2010), 99.6% (2011) and 99.3% (2012) of the recorded luminosity. The SCT running experience will be presented to extract valuable lessons for future silicon strip detector projects.
Congenital Hypothyroidism in Yazd: Is It Really Prevalent?

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most frequent type of endocrine disorders which presents at birth. It plays a major role in developing the most common preventable type of mental retardation around the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate CH incidence and its predictive factors among newborns in Yazd province. This cohort study was conducted in 38 health centers of 10 cities in Yazd province which is located in the center of Iran, from March 2008 to February 2015. All neonates, as the audiences of this program, were evaluated using heel prick or Guthrie test according to the national protocol of CH screening. During 7 years of screening for CH from March 2008 to February 2015, 143190 neonates were screened. Among them, 434 neonates were diagnosed as affected cases by CH, and the 7-year incidence of this disease was 303/ 100,000 live births. First, cousin consanguinity, hospitalization, male sex and low birth weight had a significant relationship with congenital hypothyroidism. Logistic regression analysis revealed that aforementioned variables in addition to delivery type (cesarean section) were significant predictor of CH. CH is more prevalent in Yazd compared to the other provinces in Iran. It is recommended that the effects of probable risk factors are evaluated through additional longitudinal studies and effective preventive strategies are designed according to the results.
Changes in the Innate Immune Responses by Intermittent Ethanol Consumption May Influence Cognition in Susceptible Adolescent Binge Drinkers

Binge drinking is an increasing social problem, particularly in adolescents. Cognitive deficits may occur as a result of such drinking patterns, although the biochemical processes involved in such changes are unclear. Recent studies in a rat model of binge drinking have shown that the innate immune system is activated in both the periphery and a specific brain region, the hippocampus. It was therefore of interest to ascertain whether a) inflammatory markers were present in the blood of University students, N=24, identified as binge drinkers for at least 2 years, and b) whether cognitive function was impaired, by comparison to controls, N=24. There was a significantly increased mean plasma TNFα value in male binge drinkers by comparison to controls, P>0.007, while the female binge drinkers showed a significantly lower mean value for TNFα, A¯Â€Â P<0.05,A¯Â€Â¬ by comparison to controls. An inflammatory profile, as assessed by increased plasma values of IL-6, was evident in binge drinkers, although the values did not reach significance. Although there were significant differences between the controls and binge drinking individuals with respect to the Trail-Making test and semantic fluency, both of which were increased, (possibly indicating a compensation mechanism), no gross neuropsychological changes were identified in the binge drinking group. This may relate to the fact that such individuals were University students with high cognitive capacity. Continued activation of the innate immune system in such ‘binge drinking’ individuals may ultimately contribute to neuropsychiatric deficits.
Partial Discharge Ultrasonic Analysis for Generator Stator Windings

The objective of this research is to utilize the ultrasonic method to analyze the property of partial discharge (PD) which is generated by the winding of the insulation stator in the generator. Therefore, a PD measurement system is built based on ultrasonic and virtual instruments. Three types of PD models (internal PD model, surface PD model and slot PD model) have been constructed. With the analysis of these experimental results, this research has identified the ultrasonic signals of the discharges which were produced by three types of PD models. This analysis shows the different features among these PD types. Both the time domain and frequency domain of the ultrasonic signals are obviously different. In addition, an experiment based on a large rotating machine has been done to analyze ultrasonic noises. The result indicates that the ultrasonic noises can be wiped off by the filters and algorithms. The application of this system is convenient for the detection of early signs of insulation failure, which is an effective method for diagnosis of insulation faults.
Should We Put Them in Jail? Copyright Infringement, Penalties and Consumer Behaviour: Insights from Experimental Data

The purpose of this paper is to deepen the knowledge of consumer behaviour in information goods markets, taking as a reference the sound recording market. In particular, its aim is twofold: on the one hand it attempts to get new insights on consumers paying special attention to their willingness to pay and to purchasing behaviour; on the other hand it wants to find out whether the recently adopted increase in legal measures against consumers by industries can have positive effects on lowering copyright infringement and raising legal demand. Using experimental methods, we elicited individual preferences in legal and burned CDs. We used hypothetical as well as real choices. Our experimental results suggest that lawsuits can effectively lower the rate of copying because they raise the probability of being caught by consumers and thus punished. However, they do not necessarily raise legal sales since the measured consumer willingness to pay is generally lower than the market price for legal products. Consequently, increased copyright enforcement may only lead to demand withholding.
Quasiparabolic Subgroups of Coxeter Groups and Their Hecke Algebra Module Structures

It is well known that the R-polynomial can be defined for the Hecke algebra of Coxeter groups, and the Kazhdan-Lusztig theory can be developed to understand the representations of Hecke algebra. There is also a generalization for the existence of R-polynomial and Kazhdan-Lusztig theory for the Hecke algebra module of standard parabolic subgroups of Coxeter groups. In recent work of Rains and Vazirani, a generalization of standard parabolic subgroups, called quasiparabolic subgroups, are introduced, and the corresponding Hecke algebra module is well-defined. However, the existence of the analogous involution (Kazhdan-Lusztig bar operator) on the Hecke algebra module of quasiparabolic subgroups is unknown in general. Assuming the existence of the bar-operator, the corresponding R-polynomials and Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials can be constructed. We prove the existence of the bar operator for the corresponding Hecke algebra modules of quasiparabolic subgroups in finite classical Coxeter groups with a case-by-case verification (Chapter 4). As preparation, we classify all quasiparabolic subgroups of finite classical Coxeter groups. The approach is to first find all rotation subgroups of finite classical Coxeter groups (Chapter 2). Then we exclude the non-quasiparabolic subgroups and confirm the quasiparabolic subgroups (Chapter 3).