Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural insight into TRPV5 channel function and modulation

Significance TRPV5 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 5) is a unique calcium-selective ion channel in the TRP family that functions as a gatekeeper of active calcium reabsorption in the kidney. Despite increasing knowledge of TRP channel structures, little is known about the structural arrangements controlling TRPV5 function. The most notable feature of TRPV5 is its calcium-dependent channel inactivation, which relies on binding of the calcium-sensing protein, calmodulin. In this work, we present TRPV5 structures in open and closed states, as well as in complex with calmodulin. These findings contribute to a more complete understanding of the structural mechanisms underlying TRPV5 function, providing important fundamental knowledge about the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. TRPV5 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 5) is a unique calcium-selective TRP channel essential for calcium homeostasis. Unlike other TRPV channels, TRPV5 and its close homolog, TRPV6, do not exhibit thermosensitivity or ligand-dependent activation but are constitutively open at physiological membrane potentials and modulated by calmodulin (CaM) in a calcium-dependent manner. Here we report high-resolution electron cryomicroscopy structures of truncated and full-length TRPV5 in lipid nanodiscs, as well as of a TRPV5 W583A mutant and TRPV5 in complex with CaM. These structures highlight the mechanism of calcium regulation and reveal a flexible stoichiometry of CaM binding to TRPV5.
Characterization of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) from canola (Brassica napus) in the Peace Country of Alberta, Canada

Abstract Clubroot of canola (Brassica napus L.), caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has spread to more than 3000 fields in Alberta, Canada, since it was first identified in 2003, but the disease had not been reported in the Peace Country Region in the northwest of the province. In 2017, 21 cases of clubroot were found in Big Lakes County, the southeastern-most district in this region. In 2018, an additional five cases were identified. Surveys of the infested crops in 2017 detected a clubroot disease index (DI) of < 10% in 15 fields and > 10% in the other six, while in 2018, the DI was < 5% in four fields and > 50% in one. Canola had been grown 3–6 times over the preceding 7–8 years in all fields for which rotation histories could be obtained. A subset of 23 P. brassicae field isolates was evaluated for pathotype classification on the hosts of the Canadian Clubroot Differential (CCD) set. Of the isolates collected in 2017, 11 were pathotype 3H, two each were pathotypes 5I and 8N, and three had novel virulence patterns designated 5A, 8A, and 8B. The five field isolates tested from 2018 included pathotypes 6C, 8A and 8 N, plus two isolates of the novel pathotype 8C. On the differential system of Somé et al., 17 isolates were classified as pathotype P2 and six as P3. As the CCD pathotype 8C is virulent on clubroot-resistant canola, integrated disease management strategies will be required for resistance stewardship in this region.
Game User Experience: Motivasi dalam Membeli Barang Virtual Pada Game

Pemain game menggunakan video game sebagai media untuk mendapatkan pengalaman. Saat bermain, pemain game menemukan berbagai pengalaman menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi pemain dalam membeli barang virtual pada video game berkaitan dengan pengaruhnya terhadap proses bermain. Melalui barang virtual yang dikonsumsi, pemain mendapatkan pengalaman dan kepuasannya tersendiri dalam bermain game, karena apa yang dirasakan pemain melalui barang virtual selalu menjadi bagian dari user experience. User experience merupakan aspek yang paling penting dalam sebuah game. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, para pemain menggunakan barang virtual untuk menandakan adanya perbedaan status tinggi dan rendah, dan juga untuk membedakan keanggotaan antara pemain yang membership dan non-membership.
Capturing Clicks: How the Chinese Government Uses Clickbait to Compete for Visibility

ABSTRACT The proliferation of social media and digital technologies has made it necessary for governments to expand their focus beyond propaganda content in order to disseminate propaganda effectively. We identify a strategy of using clickbait to increase the visibility of political propaganda. We show that such a strategy is used across China by combining ethnography with a computational analysis of a novel dataset of the titles of 197,303 propaganda posts made by 213 Chinese city-level governments on WeChat. We find that Chinese propagandists face intense pressures to demonstrate their effectiveness on social media because their work is heavily quantified–measured, analyzed, and ranked–with metrics such as views and likes. Propagandists use both clickbait and non-propaganda content (e.g., lifestyle tips) to capture clicks, but rely more heavily on clickbait because it does not decrease space available for political propaganda. Government propagandists use clickbait at a rate commensurate with commercial and celebrity social media accounts. The use of clickbait is associated with more views and likes, as well as greater reach of government propaganda outlets and messages. These results reveal how the advertising-based business model and affordances of social media influence political propaganda and how government strategies to control information are moving beyond censorship, propaganda, and disinformation.
Out of the city – but how and where? A mode-destination choice model for urban–rural tourism trips in Austria

ABSTRACT Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a greater understanding is needed on the factors driving tourist decisions. This paper examines destination and transport mode choices as a combined choice in the context of urban–rural tourism in Austria. To do this, this article explores two different model structures, ultimately using a multinomial logit model, which is rooted in the random utility theory. The analysed data are based on a large tourism survey, with additional trip and destination characteristics annotated later on to allow for the anticipated focus on supply-side factors. The results show that (1) destination and transport mode choices are intertwined decisions, (2) car and public transport (PT) travellers perceive travel time and distance differently, (3) a high-quality web presence is the strongest destination attractor, (4) walkability facilitates both destination and public transport attractiveness, and (5) daily and tourist mobility are connected through underlying mobility cultures. These results have various policy and planning implications, especially for destination attempting to transition towards more sustainable tourism futures by means of new transport or tourism offers or social marketing measures targeting both tourists with their personal values and practices as well as tourism-related institutions.
Economic anxiety or ethnocentrism? An evaluation of attitudes toward immigration in the U.S. from 1992 to 2017

ABSTRACT Does “economic anxiety” explain attitudes toward immigration or can we better understand attitudes toward immigration as an outcome of ethnocentrism? This is a long-standing empirical debate in immigration opinion research and a debate that has struggled to distinguish the relative effects. I help settle this debate with a battery of analyses on attitudes toward immigration across the American National Election Studies and Voter Study Group data, spanning analyses on immigration opinion for white Americans from 1992 to 2017 with economic data at levels as granular as the state, county, core-based statistical area (CBSA), and the ZIP code. My analyses are unequivocal that ethnocentrism is reliably the largest and most precise predictor of attitudes toward immigration. Further analyses and simulations from models most consistent with the economic anxiety argument show that a standard deviation increase in ethnocentrism is still a greater or equal magnitude effect than all economic anxiety proxies combined. I close with implications for immigration opinion research.
Study of Molecular and Elemental Changes in Nematode-infested Roots in Papaya Plant Using FTIR, LIBS and WDXRF Spectroscopy

Papaya is a tropical fruit of the Carica papaya plant and grown all over the world. Root knot nematodes are one of the major problems in papaya fruit crop production and causes maximum yield loss every year by slowly killing the plant. In this article, we study healthy as well as nematode-infested papaya plants at the atomic and molecular levels to obtain information about the causes and changes occurring in the plant after infestation. Microscopic observations were made to check the presence of pathogens in the plant. Elemental profiling of healthy and infested papaya plants was assessed by using two advanced spectroscopic techniques, namely laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WDXRF). The structural changes in the complex bio compounds, such as starch, protein, lipids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates, were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The elemental and molecular profiling results of the infested vs. the healthy papaya plants were compared to establish why the plants die.
A Review of Robust Operations Management under Model Uncertainty

Over the past two decades, there has been explosive growth in the application of robust optimization in operations management (robust OM), fueled by both significant advances in optimization theory and a volatile business environment that has led to rising concerns about model uncertainty. We review some common modeling frameworks in robust OM, including the representation of uncertainty and the decision‐making criteria, and sources of model uncertainty that have arisen in the literature, such as demand, supply, and preference. We discuss the successes of robust OM in addressing model uncertainty, enriching decision criteria, generating structural results, and facilitating computation. We also discuss several future research opportunities and challenges.
Relevance of Size in Predicting Bank Failures

Employing a statistical model-building strategy, this study aims to empirically analyse the United States’ bank failures across different size categories (small, medium, and large). Our results suggest that factors associated with bank failures vary across respective size categories, and the Average Marginal Effects (AMEs) of mutually significant covariates also exhibit significant variability across different size classes of banks. The results are robust to up-to three years of lagged regression estimates, various control variables, interaction between bank size and bank charter, alternative bank size classifications, and macroeconomic crisis periods.
A hybrid dual‐mode dielectric resonator antenna with wide beamwidth

A wide beamwidth rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) working on dual modes is proposed in this letter. The radiator of the antenna with inside metallic posts and outside metallic walls is placed on a groundplane with a size of 2λg × 2λg. A TE′δ21TE′δ21 mode, which is similar to TEδ21 mode, is generated by using the metallic posts inside the DR. By adjusting the height of metallic posts and the distance between the DRA and the metallic walls, the TE′δ21 mode, and the TEδ11 mode are superimposed with each other, widening the beamwidth of the RDRA to above 140° in both the E‐plane and H‐plane. This antenna works from 8.1 to 8.7 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 7.1%, which can be a good candidate in navigational systems.
Experimental creation of single Rydberg excitations via adiabatic passage

In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. A Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via a collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and is more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.
The using of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Daphnia magna as feed supplements for common carp, Cyprinus carpio: growth performance, somatic indices, and hemato-biochemical biomarkers

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to evaluate the using of phytoplankton; Chlorella pyrenoidosa (ChP), zooplankton; Daphnia magna (DaM), and their combination as feed supplements for common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Seven diets were formulated as a commercial diet (T1) without any feed supplement, T2 – T3; a commercial diet enriched with 25 g and 50 g ChP/kg diet, respectively, T4 – T5; with 25 g and 50 g DaM/kg diet, respectively, T6; with 25 g ChP + 25 g DaM/kg diet, and T7; with 50 g ChP + 50 g DaM/kg diet. Fish (27.5–29.1 g) were fed on one of the experimental diets up to apparent satiation twice a day for 12 weeks. It was noticed that the supplements of ChP, DaM, and their combination significantly (P < .05) improved the growth performance of common carp. It was also noticed that fish fed on DaM (T4 – T5) showed superior growth over those fed only ChP (T2 – T3). Moreover, both feed supplements (ChP + DaM) significantly improved the feed intake and its highest amounts were obtained at T5 – T6; meanwhile, there were no significant (P > .05) differences in values of feed conversion ratio. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, or different somatic indices of liver, gills, viscera, kidney, and spleen of fish fed different diets. Significant increases were also observed in values of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit accompanied with significant (P < .05) declines in values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in fish fed diets enriched with ChP, DaM, and their combination. Compared to the control group, serum total protein and triglycerides were significantly (P < .05) increased in experimental fish groups with no difference among them. Other blood parameters including serum glucose, cholesterol, both low density and high density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase did not show significant (P > .05) differences between the control and experimental groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that combination of ChP and DaM could be used as feed supplements at levels of 25 g ChP + 25 g DaM/kg diet where both of them possess a significant role in improving the growth and health of common carp.
Preparation of electrospun magnetic polyvinyl butyral/
 
 Fe
 2
 O
 3
 
 nanofibrous membranes for effective removal of iron ions from groundwater

Removing iron ions from groundwater to purify it is a challenge faced by countries across the globe, which is why developing polymeric microfiltration membranes has garnered much attention. The authors of this study set out to develop nanofibrous membranes by embedding magnetic Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (MNPs) into polyvinylbutyral (PVB) nanofibres via the electrospinning process. Investigation was made into the effects of the concentration of the PVB and MNPs on the morphology of the nanofibres, their magnetic properties and capacity for filtration to remove iron ions. The fabrication and presence of well-incorporated MNPs in the PVB nanofibres were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Depending on the concentration of the MNPs, the membranes exhibited magnetization to the extent of 45.5 emu g —1 ; hence, they exceeded the performance of related nanofibrous membranes in the literature. The magnetic membranes possessed significantly higher efficiency for filtration compared to their non-magnetic analogues, revealing their potential for groundwater treatment applications.
Reliability and capacity evaluation of multi-performance multi-state weighted K −-out-of-n systems

Abstract Systems in engineering usually not only have multiple states but also may be required to fulfill several functions, meaning the system has multiple performance variables in a specific state. In a multi-performance multi-state weighted K −-out-of-n system, the system consists of several multi-performance multi-state components for completing its different functions. As this system is more complicated than the general weighted k-out-of-n system, reliability evaluation of the system is time-consuming. A recursive approach is developed to evaluate the system reliability more efficiently, and comparison with the existing approach is carried out in various aspects. It is found the developed method is generally more efficient. To further understand the dynamic behavior of the multi-performance multi-state weighted K −-out-of-n system, two measures: capacity loss and residual capacity are introduced to investigate the system capacity evaluation over time. A method is provided for the computation of mean capacity loss and mean residual capacity of the system. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the proposed method. The result shows the two measures can give an idea of how much capacity is lost and how much capacity is available, and provide effective information for system maintenance and optimization.
Analisis Aplikasi Filter FIR dan Filter IIR dalam Pra-pemrosesan Sinyal Elektroensefalografi

Abstract – Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method used to analyze brain activities, detect abnormalities in brain, and diagnose brain-related disease. To extract information from EEG signal, preprocessing steps such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), filter, and wavelet decomposition will be needed. This paper primarily focuses on implementation of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter design in EEG signal preprocessing in MATLAB software. The result of the simulation indicates that each filter design implemented in EEG preprocessing has different performance and side effect toward signal processing parameters such as phase distortion, amplitude ratio, and processing time. Filter design type implementation also affect power and entropy calculation result. Keywords – EEG, FIR filter digital, IIR filter digital, Wavelet Decomposition, GUI-MATLAB
The Mechanism of the First Hydration-Dehydration Cycle of Pure α- and β-CaSO4•0.5H2O

The objective of this research was to understand the dehydration mechanism of technical dihydrate and the variation of the physical properties of β-hemihydrate after the first hydration-dehydration process. In this study, the recycling mechanism of different hemihydrate types as raw material was investigated. The influence of the first hydration-dehydration process on the hydration rate, microstructure, and mechanical properties of recycled hemihydrate were characterized by differential calorimetric analysis (DCA), calcium ion-selective electrode (Ca2+-ISE), conductivity, particle size distribution (PSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the formed hemihydrate after the first hydration-dehydration process differs in its properties than the unrecycled hemihydrate in some characteristics such as the morphological structure, number of surface, and side defects due to the grinding process after the first hydration step. In addition to the grinding step, the calcination process was responsible for increasing the number of defects on the crystal surface, which leads to a change in setting time and the microstructure of the recycled hemihydrate. Therefore, after the 1st reaction cycle of β-HH, the compressive strength decreases due to a decrease in the hemihydrate crystal size, an increase in the surface area, and an increase in the amount of water required to perform the hydration reaction. The obtained hemihydrate after the first hydration-dehydration process was in β form due to the applied calcination process after the first cycle.
Human tail- a rare anatomical mystery: A case report

Background: Human tails are rare entities and can be classified as true tails and pseudotails. True tails are composed of adipose tissue, connective tissue, muscles, vessels, nerves and mechanoreceptors whereas pseudotails may be an anomalous prolongation of the coccygeal vertebra, lipoma, teratoma, chondrodystrophy or parasitic fetus. Case Report: A 3-month-old male baby had a tail like appendage since birth which was gradually increasing in size. After complete workup, an elective resection was done under general anesthesia. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Conclusion: Surgical excision of the tail is the ultimate and may be the only surgical intervention required in these patients.
Ocorrência de fungos entomopatogênicos em Saccharicoccus Sacchari em diferentes genótipos de cana-de-açúcar.

A cana-de-açúcar (​Saccharum spp.) é uma gramínea da família Poaceae, cultivada por produtores com diferentes níveis tecnológicos, apresentando importância socioeconômica. Embora, a produção de cana-de-açúcar no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) seja pequena é de grande importância econômica em pequenas propriedades, sendo associadas à atividades pecuaristas e ao processamento artesanal de vários produtos (SILVA et al., 2016). Dentre os insetos associados a cana-de-açúcar, está a cochonilha ​Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a qual também pode ocorrer no arroz, sorgo e outras gramíneas. Os danos são causados em cultivos de diferentes regiões. No RS a infestação ​de ​S. sacchari ocorre na época quente do ano, atacando entre 80 e 90% das plantas, principalmente na região do terço superior do colmo, alojada entre a bainha da folha e o colmo, mas pode ocorrer também na base da planta, próxima às raízes. O hábito alimentar do inseto facilita a entrada para microorganismos patógenos como vírus, que se disseminam nas lavouras (BORGES FILHO et al., 2016). Estima-se que aproximadamente 80% das enfermidades que atingem insetos são provocadas pelos fungos, que compreendem aproximadamente 700 espécies reconhecidas como entomopatógenos, embora apenas algumas delas são utilizadas atualmente em programas de controle (LACEY et al., 2001; FINKLER, 2012). Sua ocorrência em condições naturais, tem sido registrado no Brasil e em outros países, sendo considerado um fator importante fator na redução das populações de pragas (ALVES, 1998; RABINOVITCH et al., 1998). Por serem microrganismos capazes de ter grande variabilidade genética, possuem então vantagens como agentes utilizados no controle biológico de insetos, além disso, tem capacidade de atingir todos os estágios de desenvolvimento do hospedeiro, podendo infestar o hospedeiro por diversas vias, incluindo a penetração via tegumento, que os coloca em vantagem quando comparados com outros grupos de patógenos que só entram no inseto por via oral (ALVES; LOPES, 2008). Apesar da importância, são poucas as informações a respeito de fungos entomopatogênicos para o controle de cochonilhas em cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de fungos entomopatogênicos em ​S. sacchari ​em diferentes genótipos de cana-de-açúcar.