Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical education in Nigeria: Status and travails of medical publications

It is generally accepted that the level of healthcare delivery in a society is directly related to the amount of research and dissemination of research information. Journals are a veritable tool in driving research and in continuing medical education.Fundamental tenet of academia is an obligation to disseminate acquired knowledge Journal publications rank very high in the hierarchy of sources for decisions on healthcare funding, research endeavours and patient care, Previous studies have alluded to the underdeveloped CME and poor reading culture among Nigerian doctors. A review of the role of Nigerian medical publications in world literature shows a level probably similar to our Health status indices with poor per capita contribution to world knowledge. Only 9 journals published within Nigeria are in PUBMED with 8 having 2010 articles. Of the 45 Medical journals listed in AJOL from Nigeria only 12 have any articles in 2010. A review of causes implicated the following poor funding, poor infrastructure, poor distribution systems, poor institutional support and sharp author and editorial practices. Remedial factors highlighted included institutional commitment to philosophy of research and publications, institutional review boards and measures to eliminate common author-associated fraudulent practices like plagiarism, duplicate publication, salami slicing and others. Editor / reviewer/ author training programs should be instituted. The use of current technology like etBLAST, Cross-Ref, Plagiarism checker, Google scholar and others to check widespread author sharp practices are recommended.
Towards Combining Aspect-Oriented Design Patterns

Although aspect-oriented paradigm is quite new, patterns are emerging in it already. This article provides an overview of common aspect-oriented design patterns. The article discusses how these patterns can be combined. Certain dependence between the design pattern structure and its combination ability has been identified. Knowing a structure of patterns, it is possible to say whether adding a new pattern to existing one can be made with or without change of existing pattern. Classification according to structure into pointcut design patterns and advice design patterns is proposed.
Board Leadership, Chief Executive Officer Optimism and Firm Innovation

Purpose - Following the resource dependence and optimism theory, the study explored whether Chief Executive Officer (CEO) optimism moderates the link between board leadership and firm innovation in the financial sector. Design/Methodology - 130 financial institutions in Kenya were surveyed using cross-sectional and explanatory designs. Hypothesis testing utilized both moderated hierarchical regression models and mod-graphs. Findings - The results revealed that the board member’s openness and independence positively influence firm innovation. The moderated hierarchical regression results and figures in the mod-graphs reveal that CEO optimism enhances the association between the board member’s openness, independence, and firm innovation. Practical Implications - The results suggested that for financial institutions to be innovative, board members should be open to each other in terms of the private ideas as well as being independent about decisions made to spur the growth of the firms. Additionally, such boards should appoint CEOs who are optimistic about being innovative.
Implementation of Reverse Converter Design by Using Reversible Logic Gates in Hybrid Parallel Prefix Adders

The focus of this paper is the actual implementation of parallel prefix adders and validates the functionality of the adder for arithmetic and logical operations used in processors and for D.S. P applications. They have the better latency performance when compared with other adders. This paper deals with various types of PPA’s such as ST Adder (Spanning Tree), SKS (Sparse Kogge Stone) Adder along with BK (Brent Kung) Adder and KS (Kogge Stone) Adder. Among them we mainly focus on hybrid parallel prefix centered components block where reversible gates are castoff in place of full adder circuits such that high power consumption complications can be abridged.
Donor accountability reconsidered: Aid allocation in the age of global public goods

Development assistance is increasingly used to fund the provision of global public goods. This has implications for the assessment of the donors’ motivation for the provision of these funds. Given the non-excludability characteristic of global public goods, the traditional classification of donor interests and recipient needs is not appropriate for analyzing donors’ aid allocation decisions. Funding for the provision of global public goods should not flow to those places with the greatest needs—as assumed by the existing aid allocation literature—but to those where they can be provided most efficiently. After explaining the theoretical rationale behind this claim, we empirically show its implication at the example of aid for climate change mitigation (a global public good). While the control for efficiency-related variables can solve the attribution problem for individual public goods, it is difficult to conceive of appropriate controls at the aggregate level. This represents a major challenge for the aid allocation literature and implies that holding donors accountable for their overall aid portfolio will become more difficult in the future.
Successor-Driven Wars: More Incumbents, Successors, and Crisis Bargaining

I analyze an extension of the model found in “Incumbents, Successors, and Crisis Bargaining” (Wolford 2012) that allows (a) the identity of a country’s leader to affect war outcomes and (b) war to lock in an outcome that cannot be renegotiated. These two assumptions render the the model similar to more conventional treatments of the commitment problem, albeit with an endogenous chance of a shift in bargaining power via leadership turnover. The main result, in contrast to the original model, is that the shadow of a resolute successor can lead an incumbent’s adversary to attack, despite the incumbent’s known willingness to make concessions, in order to lock in a share of the benefits that would otherwise be lost to leadership turnover. I briefly discuss examples from the Balkan and Peloponnesian Wars. In “Incumbents, Successors, and Crisis Bargaining," (Wolford 2012), I analyze a model of crisis bargaining and endogenous leadership change, where new leaders cannot credibly promise to abide by agreements reached by their predecessors. In that model, leaders differ in their resolve, or subjective assessments of the costs of war (cf. Wolford 2007). This forces an incumbent’s opponent to consider the effect of a crisis outcome today on the probability of facing a new, potentially more hawkish or dovish leader, tomorrow. In that paper, however, new leaders can revise any settlement, regardless of whether it was reached peacefully or imposed by war, and leadership change affects only the state’s willingness to resort to war, not its military prospects. In this companion piece, I explore the consequences of relaxing these
Solusi Numerik Model Dinamik Perlakuan Immunotherapy pada Infeksi HIV-1

There are several types of treatment options that can slow the progression of HIV that can be offered if the number of CD4 + cells has been known for certain, one treatment is by immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2). This type of treatment is to increase the immune system that can help the body fight against the infection itself. Efforts to raise an immune response would be appropriate to reduce the amount of virus. This brings new hope for treatment of HIV infection and the type of treatment is being researched. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is most of the cytokines which are proteins made by the body. T-helper cells, a type of white blood cells, produce IL-2 when they were stimulated by infection. In this study, a model of HIV disease progression than individuals not treated can be expressed in a mathematical model, and also expressed immunotherapy model to see the dynamics of viral populations and the population of CD4 + T cells from HIV disease based on ordinary differential equation (ODE). This study aims to calculate the numerical solution immunotherapy mathematical model in HIV infection and a mathematical model to predict the outcome of immunotherapy treatment strategies in HIV infection. Keywords: HIV, CD4 + T cells, immunotherapy, mathematical modeling
Multiple regression model fitted for job satisfaction of employees working in saving and cooperative organization

The research study aims to identify the significant factors affecting job satisfaction of employees working in saving and cooperative organization in Nepalgunj sub-metropolitan city of Bank District, Nepal; with the help of multiple linear regression model. This study has applied a cross-sectional and descriptive statistical research designs entirely based on primary data. A representative sample of size 161 was collected by using a structured questionnaire to each employee. F-ratio’s have been calculated to test the overall significance of the coefficients of fitted multiple regression model (i.e. to test the goodness of fit of the multiple regression model). The fitted multiple linear regression model has shown that the factors pay facilities, working environment, training courses, encouragement factors and motivation factors have significant impact on job satisfaction of the employees under the study. The findings reveal that all the significant variables have positive impact on job satisfaction. Although, the variables like supervision, relationship with co-employees and carrier development opportunities are not significant in the final model but it is important variable and is significant while correlating with job satisfaction.
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF OUTLIER DETECTION METHODS FOR CATEGORICAL DATA BY USING WEIGHTING FUNCTION

Outliers are uncommon events in real life. For a database processing, outlier means unusual records comparing to the remaining records. An outlier can be caused by a damage of a system. A new fact in a system can also cause outliers. Outlier detection is an important task to find an exceptional data. Outlier detection methods for categorical data such as AVF, MR-AVF, AEVF, NAVF, OPAVF, WDOD, and FuzzyAVF work base on the attribute value data frequency. These methods start the outlier detection process by calculating the data of attribute value frequency on each attribute. Then, many complicated calculations based on the various mathematical background are carried out to find the outlier by using the data of attribute value frequency. All the methods above do not take into account on the sparseness of each attribute. In this paper, weighting functions is used to take into account the sparseness of each attribute. AVF and WDOD methods are modified by using weighting function. The performance of these modified methods is observed based on the detected outlier of UCI Machine Learning datasets. The experiment shows that weighting function can improve the performance of AVF and WDOD on the outlier detection in Adult, Mushroom, and Nursery datasets.
Precarious Employment: Pay-rolling Agencies-Outsourcing of Employers’ responsibilities to the Employment Agencies

The proliferation of agency employment in Pakistan is a serious labour problem and a public policy concern because of the potentially negative implications for agency workers’ basic statutory rights and ensuing social inequities. It is suggested that agency employment takes two distinct forms in Pakistan. The first may be termed pay-rolling agencies – this is potentially an attempt by employers to bypass statutory obligations concerning workers’ statutory benefit entitlements and trade union rights, simply by paying workers through an agency. The second form constitutes agencies which are genuine in nature and perform a traditional agency role. This paper discusses issues surrounding blurring organisational boundaries in relation to the use of agency employment. Moreover, it pulls together pertinent theoretic arguments in explaining the difference between motives behind the adoption of pay-rolling and traditional agency systems.
Dumping and Injury Margins in a Reciprocal Dumping Model with Horizontal as Well as Vertical Product Differentiation

This paper examines the GATT/WTO rules for anti-dumping measures in a duopoly model with both horizontal and vertical product differentiation. The GATT/WTO rules allow for anti-dumping measures if the domestic producers are injured associated with price discrimination. However, it is argued in this paper that the calculations of injury margins are flawed because of negligence of quality differences. This gives countries with high quality producers an option to practice protectionism. This bias in the possibility to implement anti-dumping measures predominantly favours the developed countries which are specialized in producing high quality products. The paper also shows that qualities and prices converge when trade costs decrease. Moreover, it is shown that a decrease of trade costs harms the profit of the high quality producer and this might increase the high quality producer’s pressure for anti-dumping measures. The paper suggests that prices should be corrected for quality differences in the assessment of injury. Such change will limit the number of anti-dumping cases, but also eliminate the advantage of the developed countries in the ability to introduce anti-dumping measures.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PILATES EXERCISE PROGRAM ON PAIN, FUNCTION AND STABILOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

Background and Purpose: There are various methods of treatment in subjects with low back pain (LBP), such as Pilates exercises, traditional physical therapy, and electrotherapy modalities are used. Nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is another form of LBP; in which distribution of pain is from the costal margin up to the inferior gluteal fold. The purpose of this study was to find out a better exercise approach for treating subjects with chronic NSLBP. Subjects and Methods: 30 participants were randomly allocated, using a 1:1 scheme, to the experimental group (n=15; Male: Female= 07:08 ) with mean age 27.33 ± 7.55 were treated with Pilates exercise program along with Dynamic strengthening exercise and control group (n=15; Male: Female= 09:06) with mean age 31.40 ± 9.88 were treated with dynamic strengthening exercise alone, thrice per week for 4 weeks. Pain intensity was measured by VAS, function by ODI and stabilometric parameters by Posturography through forceplate at baseline, and after the last session for all subjects. Results: Both groups were homogenous at baseline (p>0.05) related to all variables. Intragroup comparison showed significant improvement in VAS (p<0.05) and ODI (p<0.05) in both groups, whereas significant improvement found in stabilometric parameters only in group A. When we compared between the groups; group A showed statistically significant improvement in pain (p<0.05), function (p<0.05) and stabilometric parameters (p<0.05) than group B. Conclusion: Pilates exercises are found to be more effective in reducing pain, improving function, and stabilometric parameters in subject with NSLBP than dynamic strengthening exercise alone.
MAVD: A Dataset for Sound Event Detection in Urban Environments

We describe the public release of a dataset for sound event detection in urban environments, namely MAVD, which is the first of a series of datasets planned within an ongoing research project for urban noise monitoring in Montevideo city, Uruguay. This release focuses on traffic noise, MAVD-traffic, as it is usually the predominant noise source in urban environments. An ontology for traffic sounds is proposed, which is the combination of a set of two taxonomies: vehicle types (e.g. car, bus) and vehicle components (e.g. engine, brakes), and a set of actions related to them (e.g. idling, accelerating). Thus, the proposed ontology allows for a flexible and detailed description of traffic sounds. We also provide a baseline of the performance of state–of–the–art sound event detection systems applied to the dataset.
Dimensional Control of Aircraft Transmission Bodies Using CNC Machines and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems

The article deals with the selected aspects of quality control of aircraft accessory drive train bodies. The work presents the concept of control of selected dimensional and shape characteristics. The key issue under consideration is the possibility of replacing the coordinate measuring machines (CMM) in selected measuring operations with a computerized numerical control (CNC) machine, which leads to a lower load on the measuring laboratory. In order to determine the relationship between the measurement results on the CMM in an unmounted state and the results of measurements on the CNC machine in the mounted state, a neuro-fuzzy model was used. The problem is presented for a selected component, which is the cover of the transmission body. Detailed analysis, calculations and neuro-fuzzy modelling of the dependencies between the measurement data were carried out for the selected key geometric characteristic, i.e., the bearing seat position deviation. The obtained results are acceptable from the point of view of quality control.
The Bezold‐Jarisch Reflex

Abstract: The Bezold‐Jarisch reflex is an eponym for a triad of responses (apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension) following intravenous injection of veratrum alkaloids in experimental animals. The observation was first reported in 1867 by von Bezold and Hirt, and confirmed in 1938–1940 by Jarisch. The triad depends on intact vagi and is mediated through cranial nervous medullary centers controlling respiration, heart rate, and vasomotor tone. The respiratory effects are mediated through pulmonary vagal afferents and the bradycardia and vasodepression through cardiac vagal afferents. The veratrum alkaloids activate all known receptors in the carotid‐aortic and cardiopulmonary areas. The cardiopulmonary receptors (baroreceptors, cough receptors, and parenchymal stretch receptors) also respond to other chemical substances: nicotine, capsaicin, venom, antihistaminics, halogenated anesthetics, diguanides, and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine). Derivatives of last‐mentioned amine activate Type 1, 2, or 3 receptors and have potential therapeutic use. Since several types of cardiopulmonary receptors participate in the Bezold‐Jarisch reflex, it has been difficult to develop a blockade to one type of receptor for therapeutic use (cough, bronchospasm, pulmonary hypertension, or coronary vasospasm). Axon reflexes influence pulmonary blood vessels, bronchial blood vessels, and bronchial smooth muscles. These intrapulmonary reflexes need further study as to how they relate to the Bezold‐Jarisch reflex in health and disease. The cardiopulmonary and carotid‐aortic reflexes can serve as defense mechanisms against chemical hazards that are likely to be inhaled in the workplace and in the environment.
Clinical Concerns and Strategies in Radiation Oncology

The Chapter was constructed to offer the recommended tactics of clinical practice in radiation oncology, since pacemaker patients generally maintain their implanted pacemaker throughout their cancer treatment. Recent improvements to the functionality and stability of implantable pacemakers involve changes for greater battery power consumption efficiency as well as radiation hardened electrical circuits. Manufacturers have also pursued MRI-compatibility for these devices with some success. While such newer models of pacemakers are similar in construction to previously marketed devices, even for the recent MRI-compatible designs currently in clinical trials, there is increased interest now with regard to radiation therapy dose effects when a device is near or directly in the field of radiation. This manuscript provides the radiation safety precautions clinically incorporated for the management of patients having implantable pacemakers with a required need for radiation therapy. It provides guidance and current recommendations for the cardiac physician, radiation oncologist and medical physicist prior to and during radiation delivery. The Chapter first details extensively the concepts of CT imaging, computerized treatment planning, and dose aim analysis with mock treatments. The later sections deal with current research observations from investigators concerned with the consequences of using different modalities of treatment and imaging for a patient having a pacemaker implanted. These sections include novel research on electronic device instability induced by x-rays, neutrons, and proton beams as well as radiation from radioactive material. The recent advancement of technology for magnetic resonance imaging and its limitations are also provided. This Chapter should provide a sound basis for comprehension of the complex nature of dealing with a patient having a pacemaker, while requiring continual treatment for cancer care after their implant. It is also a significant educational source for the detailed research on device interactions presented.
Realization of Uq ( 8 o ( N ) ) N within the Differential Algebra on Rq

We realize the Hopf algebra Uq-l(SO(N)) as an algebra of differential operators on the quantum Euclidean space Rq N. The generators are suitable q-deformed analogs of the angular momentum components on ordinary R N. The algebra Fun(R~) of functions on R~ splits into a direct sum of irreducible vector representations of Uq_l(so(N)); the latter are explicitly constructed as highest weight representations.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Off-grid Renewable Energy Systems for Rural Electrification in North- eastern Nigeria

In sub-Saharan Africa, there still remains a large number of villages in the rural areas not connected to the national grid. This has led to the use of diesel generators as source of electricity by the dwellers in these rural areas. These sources of energy are expensive and pose threats to the environment. Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) as alternatives to such energy sources reduce greenhouse emissions as well as cost of energy production. In Northern Nigeria, very few feasibility studies have been carried out on the development of RESs as clean and cheaper energy systems in remote villages not connected to the national grid. This paper presents techno-economic analyses of five different power system models in a North-eastern Nigerian village in Nganzai Local Government Area. The available renewable energy resources in the area were studied and the technical, environmental and economic aspects of five energy sources viz. diesel system, PV with battery storage system, hybrid PV/diesel with and without battery storage systems and hybrid PV/wind with battery storage system were studied using HOMER. Results from this study revealed that Nganzai district has sufficient monthly global solar irradiance and wind speed potential for the deployment of RESs. In addition, PV/diesel with battery storage system was found to be the most cost effective power system for the village in focus, with various cost indices being cheaper to diesel system by as much as 38 % and emissions cut by 36 %.
Energy Efficient Environment Monitoring System Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard for Low Cost Requirements

In our daily activities, controlling and monitoring plays a vital role and it helps the end user to decide what to and what not to do for making the attempt successful. In this paper, sensors are the key elements which collect the data from surrounding and upload it to the web server. End user will monitor it from a simple customized web page with a login. ARM processor with Laptop/PC is used for logging the data into the server. Sensors used in this paper for prototype were Temperature Sensor, Alcohol Sensor, CO Sensor and a Humidity Sensor interfaced with ARM processor at analog port. Python API is used in the laptop for sending the data captured by the laptop’s serial port into the web server.