Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Outcomes of Diabetes Care

A considerable amount of work i s being undertaken by different groups around the UK interested in outcome measurement in diabetes. Outcome measurement has a number of uses, being the basis of continuing enhancement of quality of care, having a role in clinical decision-making, and providing a major input into needs assessment and thus adequate provision of care. At present there is increasing pressure for the production of-usable outcome measures to enable clinicians, at al l levels of care, to be informed about their practice. This it is hoped may facilitate improvements in diabetes care and also assist the fundholdingkontracting process. The aim of the present meeting was to draw together those involved in the development of outcome measures in diabetes so as to review current progress, to consider what i s now available for more general use, and to guide future thinking and development. The meeting therefore began with a series of presentations illustrating some of the areas in which work is being done. This was followed by a 3-hour round-table discussion on what were seen to be the important issues. As a conclusion some recommendations were formulated, with the particular aim of informing professionals and health care managers, including the British Diabetic Association and UK Department of Health through their joint Task Force, on the way forward to realizing these objectives.
The Genetic Structure of Malaria Parasite Populations

239 certain neuropeptides that may be involved in pain propagation. Pain syn- dromes are common in patients af- flicted with the disease and supersen- sitivity to noxious stimuli is recorded early during infection in rats 47, TLTF or IFN-~' released from trypanosomes or CD8 + cells, respectively, localized in the median eminence or neurohypophysis, may be responsible for tke induction of MHC class I antigens observed in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus 19. These particular neurons are affected, and may there- fore be implicated, during the neuro- endocrinological disturbances observed in patients with trypanosomiasis. Inter- estingly, the paraventricLlar nucleus is an important link in the rhythm gener- ating system connecting the suprachias- matic nuclei with the pineal gland 48 and a disturbed diurnal rhythm is the hall- mark of the African sleeping sickness. Acknowledgements This investigation received financial support from the UNDP/World Ban-/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases and the Swedish Medical Research Council. References I Maudlin, I. and Welburn, S.C. (1988)
Genetic Diversity of Anthocyanin in Peach Fruit and the Evaluating Criterion of Red-flesh Peach

Sixty-eight peach cultivars were measured for their anthocyanin content by Vis-UV Spectrophomery and High performance liquid chomatography for comparing the consistency of the two methods and analysis for cultivar genetic diversity,and then suggested a criterion for red-flesh peach classification.The results showed that anthocyanin content in white-flesh peach was very similar by the two methods and we could choose one of them,while only HPLC was suitable for yellow-flesh peach.The major anthocyanin in peach fruit was cyanidin 3-glucoside that was existed in 48 cultivars,while cyanidin 3-rutinoside was identified in some cultivars,such as Wuheijiroutao and Daguoheitao.Grade index and reference cultivars were given by statistical anthocyanin data for red peach description.These grade indexes were recorded on 1-5 scale which classified 20 mg/100 g as critical point.From this study,we indentified five true red-flesh peaches,other cultivars with visual red-flesh and sweet flavor did not conform to the criterion,we would do further study to solve this problem.
Stochastic Representation and Monte Carlo Simulation for Multiterm Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation

In this paper, we mainly study the solution and properties of the multiterm time-fractional diffusion equation. First, we obtained the stochastic representation for this equation, which turns to be a subordinated process. Based on the stochastic representation, we calculated the mean square displacement (MSD) and time average mean square displacement, then proved some properties of this model, including subdiffusion, generalized Einstein relationship, and nonergodicity. Finally, a stochastic simulation algorithm was developed for the visualization of sample path of the abnormal diffusion process. The Monte Carlo method was also employed to show the behavior of the solution of this fractional equation.
Tiludronate chez le cheval : Tolérance et effets à court terme sur le métabolisme osseux

Le but de cette etude etait d'evaluer la tolerance du tiludronate chez le cheval et son effet sur le metabolisme osseux. Cinq chevaux ont recu 1 mg/kg de tiludronate en perfusion lente. Un suivi clinique et biochimique a ete effectue avant traitement et au cours des 24 h qui ont suivi. Deux parametres de la formation osseuse ont ete evalues: l'osteocalcine et l'isoenzyme osseuse de la phosphatase alcaline. Deux marqueurs de la resorption osseuse: CTX-MMP (Carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen generated by matrix metalloproteases) et le CTX-I (Carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen) ont ete mesures. Une legere augmentation non significative de la frequence cardiaque a ete notee a +30 min et a +2h. Une legere hypocalcemie etait presente a +30 min. A +6h, tous les parametres etaient revenus aux valeurs initiales. Aucune modification des parametres renaux et hepatiques n'a ete observee. Aucune variation des marqueurs de la formation osseuse, ni du CTX-MMP n'a ete observee. A +24 h, la concentration en CTX-I a diminue fortement, 72,4 % en moyenne (p = 0,0313). Le tiludronate en perfusion lente est bien tolere chez le cheval sans reaction clinique secondaire significative. II entraine une diminution marquee de la concentration en CTX-I, indiquant un effet inhibiteur de la resorption osseuse.
Collagen accumulation in muscles of children with cerebral palsy and correlation with severity of spasticity

Muscle function often becomes progressively more compromised in children with spastic cerebral palsy, leading to reduced mobility. This study aimed to examine the role that muscle connective tissue plays in this process. Severity of spasticity as determined by a range of clinical measures was assessed in 26 children (14 males 12 females; age range 4 to 17 years) with either diplegic or quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Muscle biopsies from the vastus laeralis muscle were obtained for biomedical and histological analysis during orthopaedic surgery as part of the child's ongoing care. Total collagen was quantified by hydroxyproline determination. Two clinical measures of severity, Modified Ashworth Scale and Balance, were shown to have a highly significant correlation with collagen content, and Ambulatory Status, Clonus, and Selective Muscle Control all showed positive trends. Collagen I accumulated in spastic muscle's endomysium which appeared to be thickened, and fibrotic regions with sparse muscle fibres were evident in more severe cases. This suggests that collagen may be involved in increases in muscle stiffness observed in spasticity. Once developed, these changes are essentially irreversible and we suggest that future treatments should consider including prevention of muscle fibrosis.
Specific arrests of spermatogenesis in genetically modified and mutant mice

In naturally occurring mutant mice but also in mice genetically modified for the study of other organs, relatively often a spermatogenic arrest is seen. In a number of cases the arrests appear to be very specific causing apoptosis of germ cells at a particular step in their development, while before this step cells progress normally. These steps include: proliferation/migration of primordial germ cells, the production of differentiating spermatogonia by gonocytes, the regulation of stem cell renewal/differentiation, the differentiation of Aal into A1 spermatogonia, proliferation of A1-A4 spermatogonia, germ cell density regulation, start of meiosis, epithelial stage IV checkpoint of pachytene spermatocytes, the first meiotic division, the formation of the acrosomic vesicle in spermatids and several other steps in spermatid development. In addition, there are many mice that have not been studied in enough detail for a proper categorization. In this review an overview is given of the various mutations and genetically modified mice showing a direct effect on specific spermatogenic cell types. In addition, the relevance of these models to our understanding of the spermatogenic process is discussed.
Haemoglobin A1c is not a surrogate for glucose and insulin measures for investigating the early life and childhood determinants of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes in healthy children. An analysis from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

Aims Research into early life and childhood determinants of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes are complicated by requirements for fasting blood samples and glucose tolerance tests. We investigated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a marker of glycaemia measured in non‐fasting blood, as an alternative.
Importance of Epistasis as the Genetic Basis of Sterility Instability for Photoperiod-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice

In this study the authors selected two indica photoperiod_sensitive genic male sterile (PSGMS) rice ( Oryza sativa L.), Peiai 64S (the sterility is stable) and 8902S (the sterility is instable), and their F 1,F 2 populations. The genetic basis for sterile stability of PSGMS lines was studied under long_day low_temperature environments and different ecological conditions, and the genes which affected the sterile stability were mapped using RFLP analysis. The major results are as follows: The sterility instability of PSGMS lines was controlled by minor effective genes. The linkage map of Peiai 64S and 8902S has been constructed. According to Mapmaker/QTL program, seven QTLs were identified that influence the sterile stability for PSGMS lines under the long_day condition, such as L2, L3a, L3b, L5, L6, L7 and L10. They were located on the chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 10 of the rice linkage map, respectively. The interaction was detected under different long_day conditions and affected the sterility stability of PSGMS. The major interactions were between additive and additive and between additive and dominance. The variances explained of epistasis were between 2.04% and 11.94%. The repeatability of the interaction was very high under different long_day conditions. The implications of these findings in hybrid rice development are also discussed.
Intracerebral varicella‐zoster virus reactivation in congenital varicella syndrome

Patients with congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) typically present with clinical symptoms consisting of skin lesions, neurological defects, eye diseases, and/or limb hypoplasia. In rare cases, isolated manifestations in the brain or eye have been reported. The varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), as the causative agent of CVS, could only be detected in a few infants with CVS. In addition, there is little in the literature on antiviral treatment of infants born with signs of CVS. We report a case of CVS in a male infant who presented with generalized clonic cerebral seizures at age 4 months. An endogenous intracerebral viral reactivation following intrauterine VZV infection was assumed. After the diagnosis was confirmed virologically, acyclovir was administered intravenously for 10 days and afterwards orally for 3 weeks. This antiviral treatment was aimed at preventing progression of the disease. We concluded from this case that infants with intrauterine VZV infection can suffer intracerebral VZV reactivations that require antiviral treatment.
Trichotillomania

ABSTRACT: Patients with trichotillomania often first present to dermatologists, as patients may be unaware of or deny hair pulling and seek an etiology for their hair loss. It therefore becomes the job of the dermatologist to correctly diagnose trichotillomania as well as offer treatment options. There appear to be three groups characterized by age of onset: preschool‐age children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults. Young children often have a self‐limited course of hair pulling. Adults frequently have psychiatric conditions associated with their trichotillomania. Preadolescents to young adults may benefit the most from active intervention, such as increasing awareness of hair pulling behaviors and behavior modification training. The approach of a patient by age of onset is helpful in guiding a dermatologist towards effective treatment options.
Psychoneuroimmunology

ABSTRACT: Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a discipline that has evolved in the last 40 years to study the relationship between immunity, the endocrine system, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this manner, neurotransmitters, hormones, and neuropeptides have been found to regulate immune cells, and these in turn are capable of communicating with nervous tissue through the secretion of a wide variety of cytokines. Of critical importance is the effect of products of the CNS and nerves on the maintenance of the delicate balance between cell‐mediated (Th1) and humoral (Th2) immune responses. A good example of how this concept operates in vivo becomes evident when analyzing the effects of stressors. Chronic stress affects significantly the function of the immune system as well as modifies the evolution of a variety of skin diseases, as psychosocial interventions have proved to be effective in their therapy.
Speech, language, and cognitive development in children with isolated sagittal synostosis

This study investigated the occurrence, nature, and severity of speech, language, and cognitive impairment in 76 children (61 males, 15 females) with isolated sagittal synostosis (ISS) aged 9 months to 15 years 7 months. There was no increased prevalence of global cognitive impairment in the group but there was a high prevalence rate of speech and/or language impairment with 28 (37%) displaying impairment of whom 20 (71%) had moderate or severe impairments that fulfilled the criteria for specific impairments. Prevalence rates were only increased for children over two years of age. Expressive language impairment occurred most frequently. Raised intracranial pressure, perineonatal risk factors, otitis media, or being operated were not associated with impairment. Surgery at a later age and a family history of speech and language impairment were both associated with impairments but numbers were small. The findings suggest that children with ISS are at an increased risk of developing speech and language impairment.
OBSERVATION ON THE INACTIVATION EFFECT ON ASCARIS SUUM EGGS IN URINE DIRECTING TOILET

Objective To understand the inactivation effect on Ascaris suum eggs in urine directing toilet. Methods To observe the survival rate of eggs rationally and regularly. 24 tea bags with A. suum eggs were put into 1 public toilet and each of 10 private toilets and 2 tea bags from each toilet were collected monthly. The eggs collected were examined after cultured in laboratory in normal temperature for three weeks and compared with those in control group. Results The average survival rates of A. suum eggs in private toilet were 96.57%, 57.51% and 10.67% after burying 1-3 months, respectively and 1.53% after burying six months and 0 after 11 months; the survival rates of eggs in the public toilet with solar board were 92.51%, 1.01% and 0 after burying 1-3 months, respectively, while the survival rate in control group was 85.39% after one year. The results showed that the survival rate was directly related to pH value and water contents. The more the pH value (9), the better the effect, the more the water contents (30%), the poorer the effect. Therefore, the key to improve the inactivation effect is to build the toilets according to the criteria, cover feces with plant ashes and remove them after stored for six months. Conclusion The toilet, especially the one with solar board has a good inactivation effect on parasitic eggs.
Stress Treatments and DNA Methylation Affected the Somatic Embryogenesis of Citrus Callus

The evaluation on the callus embryogenesis capacity of 15 genotypes of citrus showed that stress treatments were conducive to somatic embryogenesis and could enhance the recovery of the missed capacity of embryogenesis for some genotypes. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) analysis indicated that there existed significant differences in DNA methylation status between the callus capable of producing somatic embryoids and that which missed the embryogenesis capacity of the same genotype Newhall navel orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb. cv. Newhall). The DNA methylation level of the former was lower than that of the latter. However, RAPD profiles did not show any difference between these two kinds of callus.
Protected Cultivation of Horticultural Crops Worldwide

6 rotected cultivation, which enables some control of wind velocity, moisture, temperature, mineral nutrients, light intensity, and atmospheric composition, has contributed and will continue to contribute much to a better understanding of growth factor requirements and inputs for improving crop productivity in open fields. Protected cultivation is a unique and specialized form of agriculture. Devices or technologies for protection (windbreaks, irrigation, soil mulches) or structures (greenhouses, tunnels, rowcovers) may be used with or without heat. The intent is to grow crops where otherwise they could not survive by modifying the natural environment to prolong the harvest period, often with earlier maturity, to increase yields, improve quality, enhance the stability of production, and make commodities available when there is no outdoor production. The primary emphasis is on producing high-value horticultural crops (vegetables, fruit, flowers, woody ornamental, and bedding plants). Production areas, structures, and crops have been expanding rapidly during the past century (see Sidebar). From the beginning, agricultural production has been primarily outdoors. It is a major industry that is primarily climateand weather-dependent. In fact, the most determinate factor in horticultural crop production is the climate.
MMP-7 and MMP-9 Expressions in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Relationship to Invasion and Metastasis

Objective To observe the expressions of MMP-7 and MMP-9 proteins in colorectal carcinoma to find their roles in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma detected by tissue microarray technique.Methods Streptavidin-biotin method and tissue microarray technique were used to determine the expressions of MMP-7 and MMP-9 immunohistochemically in 98 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 30 with peri-neoplasm normal mucosa.Results The expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 was higher in colorectal carcinoma tissues(79.6%,77.6%) than in peri-neoplasm tissues(10.0%,13.3%). The difference was significant(P0.01). There was no significant difference between patients with different genders,ages,tumor sizes(P0.05),but there was between patients with different differentiations,TNM stagings,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis and peritoneal micro-metastasis(P0.05). MMP-7 was positively correlated with MMP-9 in colorectal cancer tissues(r=0.532,P0.01). Conclusion MMP-7 and MMP-9,having high expressions in colorectal cancer tissues and closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis,can be used as a biological marker for judgment of colorectal progress.
Exclusion of Minority Mother Tongues from the Classroom Context

" # of ! " # " ! " " ! $ " " " # " " % ! " ! # " "" compelled to face hostile and u due to imposition of non-home language in the classroom tra ! # " & # " " #' " " # $ ( " ) * $ #' # + #' ' " # " ! " guages include parental demand for English despite their love an "" number of students from the linguistic minorities in the classrooms, and lack of Nepal specific evidences on impact of mother tongue education based on research.
Study on the ULV spray application for the control of Aedes albopictus

Objective To realize the efficacy of "Duo-Fei-Ke" emulsion which main component was permithrin against Aedes albopictus.Methods The biological assay in the lab and the effect test in the field.Results In recommended dosage,the KT_(50) of Muti-fly-killer emulsion on Culex quinquefasciatus lab strain and Aedes albopictus wild strain were 1.437 7 min.and 2.727 2 min separately,both 24-hour-mortality were 100%. There was no significant difference of the KT_(50) on Cx.quinquefasciatus lab strain between "Duo-Fei-Ke" emulsion and Resigen used as control(U=0.326 4,P0.05). ULV spray was used as adults of Ae.albopictus control in a large area by the recommended dosage,the killing rates were 97.2% and 99.1% separately.Conclusion "Duo-Fei-Ke" emulsion had high efficiency,low toxicity,non-stimulation,non-unhappy odor and wide adaptation for spray appliances.The performance of "Duo-Fei-Ke" had reached the level of same product type abroad.It was suitable for the vector control indoor or outdoor,especially in urban area where had high density in population.
Grazing Effects on the Easily Measurable Plant Functional Traits of Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. Seedlings

In a temperate broadleaf forest of Western Bhutan dominated by old growth brown oak ( Quercus semicarpifolia sm.) with a history of overgrazing, we aimed to study the grazing response of oak seedlings by comparing grazed and ungrazed seedlings based on some easily measurable plant functional traits such as plant height, leaf area and leaf mass area ratios (LMA). Our study found that grazing was strongly associated with shorter plant height, thicker leaves, smaller leaf area and high leaf mass per area ratios (LMA) of Quercus semecarpifolia seedlings. Seedling collar diameter increment was not affected by grazing. LMA was found to be the best plant trait that could optimally predict the grazing response on plant growth. Shorter plant height, higher LMA and leaf thickness coupled with presence of more surface spines in the leaves of grazed plants could be some forms of grazing resistance or herbivory tolerance rather than adaptations to survive repeated herbivory. The study concludes that higher LMA values do not necessarily be limited to plants of nutrient poor sites or those growing under climatic stresses as generally assumed but are also attributed by anthropogenic activities like overgrazing.
On the Oxidation Mechanism of U3Si2 Accident Tolerant Nuclear Fuel

The oxidation mechanism and products of U 3 Si 2 accident tolerant nuclear fuel in ﬂ owing air up to 750°C is reported. Di ﬀ erences between observed and theoretical mass gains for complete oxidation is due to un-oxidised Si that forms nano-crystalline regions of Si. Some Si rich regions are protected by the formation of UO 2 , which is thermodynamically preferential to oxidise before Si. The UO 2 is further kinetically oxidised to form nanocrystalline U 3 O 8 . The nanostructure formed, accompanied by large volumetric expansions during oxidation produces pulverisation of fragments into powder, which may have serious consequences for fuel integrity if exposed to oxidative atmospheres.