Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hormonalna terapia zastępcza a choroby układu sercowo-naczyniowego u kobiet. O krok do przodu

Na przelomie lat 90. XX wieku i w początkach nowego stulecia pojawily sie powazne wątpliwości co do istotnych korzyści stosowania hormonalnej terapii zastepczej (HTZ) u kobiet po menopauzie. Mimo wielu badan, nie udalo sie dotąd zdefiniowac czynnikow istotnych dla osiągniecia korzystnego efektu terapii i wyodrebnic grupy kobiet ze wskazaniami do jej stosowania. Wyniki badan ostatnich lat sugerują, ze ochronny efekt estradiolu na uklad sercowo-naczyniowy ma dokonywac sie glownie za pośrednictwem receptorow estrogenowych α. Polimorficzne geny kodujące te receptory wplywają na sile wiązania estradiolu i wielkośc efektu jego oddzialywania. Wydaje sie, ze najistotniejsze znaczenie kliniczne ma polimorfizm ICVS1-397T/C. W prospektywnych badaniach klinicznych wykazano, ze kobiety z allelem T genu receptora estrogenowego α, ktory slabiej wiąze estradiol, są bardziej narazone na choroby ukladu sercowo-naczyniowego niz kobiety o genotypie IVS1-397CC. Kobiety z allelem T, stanowiące okolo 80% populacji, tylko w nieznacznym stopniu odpowiadają na HTZ w zakresie poprawy funkcji i przeplywu krwi przez naczynia krwionośne oraz wskaźnikow lipidowych. Z kolei homozygoty IVS1-397CC (20% populacji), charakteryzujące sie niskim ryzykiem chorob ukladu sercowo-naczyniowego, ktore zdają sie w mniejszym stopniu wymagac profilaktyki i leczenia przeciwmiazdzycowego i przeciwzapalnego, reagują na HTZ bardo silnie. Co wiecej, w przeciwienstwie do kobiet z allelem T homozygoty IVS1-397CC tylko w niewielkim stopniu są narazone na uboczne skutki dzialania estrogenow. Tak wiec, o ile stosowanie HTZ nie budzi wątpliwości w stosunku do homozygot CC, o tyle kobiety IVS1-397TC oraz TT o wysokim ryzyku chorob ukladu sercowo-naczyniowego wymagają zindywidualizowanego i ostroznego podejścia w razie podjecia HTZ.
Beaming Displays

Existing near-eye display designs struggle to balance between multiple trade-offs such as form factor, weight, computational requirements, and battery life. These design trade-offs are major obstacles on the path towards an all-day usable near-eye display. In this work, we address these trade-offs by, paradoxically, removing the display from near-eye displays. We present the beaming displays, a new type of near-eye display system that uses a projector and an all passive wearable headset. We modify an off-the-shelf projector with additional lenses. We install such a projector to the environment to beam images from a distance to a passive wearable headset. The beaming projection system tracks the current position of a wearable headset to project distortion-free images with correct perspectives. In our system, a wearable headset guides the beamed images to a user's retina, which are then perceived as an augmented scene within a user's field of view. In addition to providing the system design of the beaming display, we provide a physical prototype and show that the beaming display can provide resolutions as high as consumer-level near-eye displays. We also discuss the different aspects of the design space for our proposal.
Factors Associated With Unilateral Hearing Loss and Impact on Communication in US Adults

Objective To investigate the factors associated with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and its impact on communication in US adults. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods We analyzed data from the 2011-2012 and 2015-2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, in which participants aged 20 to 69 years completed an audiometric evaluation (n = 8138). UHL was defined as a speech frequency pure-tone average ≥25 dB in the worse hearing ear and <25 dB in the better hearing ear. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between UHL and relevant factors. Results The prevalence of UHL was 8.1% (95% CI, 7.3%-9.0%) in US adults. Factors associated with UHL included older age, male sex, white race, lower level of education, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and off-work noise exposure. Among adults with UHL, 40% (95% CI, 32%-48%) reported subjective trouble with hearing, a rate higher than the 12% (95% CI, 11%-14%) among normal-hearing adults. After adjusting for relevant factors, adults with UHL were more likely to report difficulties with following conversations with noise (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5) and frustration when talking to family and friends (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.9-4.6). Higher levels of communication difficulties were observed with worsening level of UHL. Conclusions Adults with UHL report significant communication difficulties in comparison to normal-hearing adults. Further research is needed to understand the psychosocial impact of UHL on adults and ways to improve communication support for adults with UHL.
Chemical profiles of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) peel oils of different cultivars of Argentina

Peel and leaf oils of three lime populations, belonging to the Citrus limonia Osbeck species were obtained from fruits collected on lime trees submitted to the same pedoclimatic and cultural conditions. Their chemical composition was investigated by capillary gas chromatography (GC), GC–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chiral multidimensional GC (MDGC), and the results were submitted to a cluster analysis. Results reported for Rangpur lime from Corsica, named Rangpur Jaune, Rangpur Intermediaire and Rangpur Rouge, were also included for comparison purposes.
Rethinking Assessment Design: Evidence‐Informed Strategies to Boost Educational Impact in the Anatomical Sciences

University assessment is in the midst of transformation. Assessments are no longer designed solely to determine that students can remember and regurgitate lecture content, nor in order to rank students to aid with some future selection process. Instead, assessments are expected to drive, support, and enhance learning and to contribute to student self‐assessment and development of skills and attributes for a lifetime of learning. While traditional purposes of certifying achievement and determining readiness to progress remain important, these new expectations for assessment can create tensions in assessment design, selection, and deployment. With the recognition of these tensions, three contemporary approaches to assessment in medical education are described. These approaches include careful consideration of the educational impact of assessment—before, during (test or recall enhanced learning) and after assessments; development of student (and staff) assessment literacy; and planning of cohesive systems of assessment (with a range of assessment tools) designed to assess the various competencies demanded of future graduates. These approaches purposefully straddle the cross purposes of assessment in modern health professions education. The implications of these models are explored within the context of medical education and then linked with contemporary work in the anatomical sciences in order to highlight current synergies and potential future innovations when using evidence‐informed strategies to boost the educational impact of assessments.
A Phase I Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of the HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitor GSK3640254 and Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine in Healthy Participants

GSK3640254 is a next-generation maturation inhibitor that would likely be combined with standard antiretroviral agents to form a regimen of ≥2 fully active classes. This phase I, open-label, 2-period, 1-way study assessed potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between GSK3640254 and tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC; including the metabolite tenofovir [TFV]) in healthy volunteers. ABSTRACT GSK3640254 is a next-generation maturation inhibitor that would likely be combined with standard antiretroviral agents to form a regimen of ≥2 fully active classes. This phase I, open-label, 2-period, 1-way study assessed potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between GSK3640254 and tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC; including the metabolite tenofovir [TFV]) in healthy volunteers. Eligible participants received TAF/FTC 25/200 mg once daily (QD) on days 1 through 21 with a moderate-fat meal; GSK3640254 200 mg QD was added on days 15 through 21. Geometric least-squares mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived using linear mixed-effect models. Adverse events (AEs) and laboratory, electrocardiogram, and vital sign parameters were monitored. Sixteen participants, all male, received treatment; one withdrew because of treatment-related grade 1 urticaria. After TAF/FTC + GSK3640254 coadministration, TAF steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the end of the dosing interval and maximum observed concentration were 11% and 13% lower than when TAF/FTC was administered alone, with GMRs (90% CI) of 0.886 (0.75 to 1.04) and 0.874 (0.68 to 1.12), respectively. Steady-state PK of TFV and FTC was similar when TAF/FTC was administered alone or with GSK3640254. No clinically significant trends in tolerability or safety were observed. GSK3640254 200 mg QD did not meaningfully affect the steady-state PK of TAF, TFV, or FTC in healthy participants under fed conditions and was not associated with major tolerability or safety findings. These data support the further investigation of GSK3640254 for coadministration with TAF/FTC for the treatment of HIV. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT03836729.)
Influence of Successful Aging, Quality of Life, and Factors Related to Potential Stressors on Older Consumers’ Purchase of Private Health Insurance in South Korea: An Empirical Study Based on Proactive Coping Theory

Considering the weak role of public health insurance in South Korea, this study identified the impact of older consumers’ coping resources such as income and education, well-being (e. g., successful aging and quality of life), and psychological and economic aspects affecting potential stressors on their purchasing of private health insurance (PHI) based on proactive coping theory. From the sixth wave of the 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), a sample of 1,224 Korean older adults aged above 65 years was used; binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the association of PHI and purchase decision factors, first separately for two groups (lower/higher use of health care services), and then for the total group. The results showed that older adults with higher levels of well-being, especially with a higher successful aging index and coping resources such as income are more likely to purchase PHI in all three groups.
Suppression of amiodarone‐induced torsade de pointes by landiolol in a patient with atrial fibrillation‐mediated cardiomyopathy

An elderly Japanese woman developed acute decompensated heart failure caused by persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Approximately 6 days after starting intravenous administration of amiodarone (600 mg/day) for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of AF, electrocardiograms revealed a prolonged QT interval associated with torsade de pointes (TdP). The amiodarone‐induced TdP disappeared after intravenous administration of landiolol plus magnesium and potassium, without discontinuation of amiodarone or overdrive cardiac pacing, although the prolonged QT interval persisted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that landiolol could be effective for amiodarone‐induced TdP.
SPAAC-NAD-seq, a sensitive and accurate method to profile NAD+-capped transcripts

Significance The m7G cap is the canonical RNA cap in eukaryotes, but other noncanonical RNA caps exist, including the NAD+ cap. NAD captureSeq has been widely used to profile NAD+-capped RNAs (NAD-RNAs) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, NAD captureSeq reacts at a low level with m7G-RNAs and introduces copper ions that cause RNA fragmentation, resulting in reduced sensitivity and loss of full-length sequence information. To address these issues, we developed the copper-free SPAAC-NAD-seq, which utilizes the strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction to capture NAD-RNAs followed by high-throughput sequencing. Compared to NAD captureSeq, SPAAC-NAD-seq is more sensitive and retains full-length sequence information. This optimized technique provides a useful tool to profile NAD-RNAs in prokaryotes and, when combined with m7G-RNA depletion, in eukaryotes. Nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NAD+) is a novel messenger RNA 5′ cap in Escherichia coli, yeast, mammals, and Arabidopsis. Transcriptome-wide identification of NAD+-capped RNAs (NAD-RNAs) was accomplished through NAD captureSeq, which combines chemoenzymatic RNA enrichment with high-throughput sequencing. NAD-RNAs are enzymatically converted to alkyne-RNAs that are then biotinylated using a copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Originally applied to E. coli RNA, which lacks the m7G cap, NAD captureSeq was then applied to eukaryotes without extensive verification of its specificity for NAD-RNAs vs. m7G-capped RNAs (m7G-RNAs). In addition, the Cu2+ ion in the CuAAC reaction causes RNA fragmentation, leading to greatly reduced yield and loss of full-length sequence information. We developed an NAD-RNA capture scheme utilizing the copper-free, strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (SPAAC). We examined the specificity of CuAAC and SPAAC reactions toward NAD-RNAs and m7G-RNAs and found that both prefer the former, but also act on the latter. We demonstrated that SPAAC-NAD sequencing (SPAAC-NAD-seq), when combined with immunodepletion of m7G-RNAs, enables NAD-RNA identification with accuracy and sensitivity, leading to the discovery of new NAD-RNA profiles in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, SPAAC-NAD-seq retained full-length sequence information. Therefore, SPAAC-NAD-seq would enable specific and efficient discovery of NAD-RNAs in prokaryotes and, when combined with m7G-RNA depletion, in eukaryotes.
Readmission within three months after inpatient geriatric care—Incidence, diagnosis and associated factors in a Swedish cohort

Introduction Readmissions are very costly, in monetary terms but also for the individual patient’s safety and health. Only by understanding the reasons and drivers of readmissions, it is possible to ensure quality of care and improve the situation. The aim of this study was to assess inpatient readmissions during the first three months after discharge from geriatric inpatient care regarding main diagnosis and frequency of readmission. Furthermore, the aim was to analyze association between readmission and patient characteristics including demography and socioeconomics, morbidity, physical function, risk screening and care process respectively. Methods The study includes all individuals admitted for inpatient care at three geriatric departments operated by the Stockholm region during 2016. Readmission after discharge was studied within three different time intervals; readmission within 10 days after discharge, within 11–30 days and within 31–90 days, respectively. Main diagnosis at readmission was assessed. Results One fourth of the individuals discharged from inpatient geriatric care was readmitted during the first three months after discharge. The most common main diagnoses for readmission were heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Statistically significant risk factors for readmission included age, sex, number of diagnoses at discharge, and to some extent polypharmacy and destination of discharge. Conclusions Several clinical risk factors relating to physical performance and vulnerability were associated with risk of readmission. Socioeconomic information did not add to the predictability. To enable reductions in readmission rates, proactive monitoring of frail individuals afflicted with chronic conditions is necessary, and an integrated perspective including all stakeholders involved is crucial.
Likely clinical depression and HIV-related decline in antiretroviral therapy untreated women who seroconverted during participation in microbicide trials in sub-Saharan Africa

Depression worsens HIV outcomes in populations treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications. Data are limited on the relationship between depression and HIV in untreated populations in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to identify associations between likely clinical depression, alcohol use, social support by partners, and HIV viral load (VL) among ART untreated women who recently became HIV positive and enrolled in the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN)-015 study. Analyses used cross-sectional data collected at baseline in MTN-015. Participants in this analysis (N = 190) enrolled from other MTN trials were not receiving ART and provided data on their HIV disclosure status to their husband or male partner and alcohol use behavior. The dependent variable, VL, was categorized as: low (≤400 RNA copies/mL; 9.1% of participants), medium (401–20,000 RNA copies/mL; 48.8%), and high (>20,000 RNA copies/mL; 42.0%). Depression was assessed using eight items from Hopkins Symptom Checklist; a cutoff of ≥1.75 indicated likely clinical depression. Independent variables with a significance of p ≤ 0.05 in unadjusted regressions were included in a regression adjusted for age, education, and time since seroconversion. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with high VL, in the adjusted regression (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.07–3.01). Results suggest that likely having clinical depression may have a biological relationship with HIV disease progression.
Reduce, Retain, Recycle: Mechanisms for Promoting Histone Protein Degradation versus Stability and Retention

The eukaryotic genome is packaged into chromatin. The nucleosome, the basic unit of chromatin, is composed of DNA coiled around a histone octamer. ABSTRACT The eukaryotic genome is packaged into chromatin. The nucleosome, the basic unit of chromatin, is composed of DNA coiled around a histone octamer. Histones are among the longest-lived protein species in mammalian cells due to their thermodynamic stability and their associations with DNA and histone chaperones. Histone metabolism plays an integral role in homeostasis. While histones are largely stable, the degradation of histone proteins is necessary under specific conditions. Here, we review the physiological and cellular contexts that promote histone degradation. We describe specific known mechanisms that drive histone proteolysis. Finally, we discuss the importance of histone degradation and regulation of histone supply for organismal and cellular fitness.
Equal Performance, Different Grade: Women’s Performance in Discussion Perceived Worse Than Men’s

We investigate how men and women are evaluated in group discussions. In five studies (N = 761) using a variant of a Hidden Profile Task, we find that, when experimentally and/or statistically controlling for actual gender differences in behavior, the female performance in a group discussion is devalued in comparison to male performance. This was observed for fellow group members (Study 1) and outside observers (Studies 2–5), in both primarily student (Studies 1, 4, and 5) and mixed samples (Studies 2 and 3), for different measures of performance (perceived helpfulness of the contribution, for work-related competence), across different discussion formats (preformulated chat messages, open chat), and when controlling for the number of female group members (Study 5). In contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find a moderating effect of selection procedure in that women were devalued to a similar degree in both situations with a women’s quota and without.
Bisacodyl: A review of pharmacology and clinical evidence to guide use in clinical practice in patients with constipation

Bisacodyl is a member of the diphenylmethane family and is considered to be a stimulant laxative. It has a dual prokinetic and secretory action and needs to be converted into the active metabolite bis‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)‐pyridyl‐2‐methane (BHPM) in the gut to achieve the desired laxative effect. Bisacodyl acts locally in the large bowel by directly enhancing the motility, reducing transit time, and increasing the water content of the stool. A recent network meta‐analysis concluded that bisacodyl showed similar efficacy to prucalopride, lubiprostone, linaclotide, tegaserod, velusetrag, elobixibat, and sodium picosulfate for the primary endpoint of ≥3 complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM)/week and an increase of ≥1 CSBM/week over baseline. The meta‐analysis also found that bisacodyl may be superior to the other laxatives for the secondary endpoint of change from baseline in the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week in patients with chronic constipation. This observation stimulated the authors to review the available literature on bisacodyl, which has been available on the market since the 1950 s.
MicroRNA annotation in plants: current status and challenges

Last two decades, the studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) and the numbers of annotated miRNAs in plants and animals have surged. Herein, we reviewed the current progress and challenges of miRNA annotation in plants. Via the comparison of plant and animal miRNAs, we pinpointed out the difficulties on plant miRNA annotation and proposed potential solutions. In terms of recalling the history of methods and criteria in plant miRNA annotation, we detailed how the major progresses made and evolved. By collecting and categorizing bioinformatics tools for plant miRNA annotation, we surveyed their advantages and disadvantages, especially for ones with the principle of mimicking the miRNA biogenesis pathway by parsing deeply sequenced small RNA (sRNA) libraries. In addition, we summarized all available databases hosting plant miRNAs, and posted the potential optimization solutions such as how to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in these databases. Finally, we discussed the challenges and perspectives of plant miRNA annotations, and indicated the possibilities offered by an all-in-one tool and platform according to the integration of artificial intelligence.
From convolutional neural networks to models of higher‐level cognition (and back again)

The remarkable successes of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in modern computer vision are by now well known, and they are increasingly being explored as computational models of the human visual system. In this paper, we ask whether CNNs might also provide a basis for modeling higher‐level cognition, focusing on the core phenomena of similarity and categorization. The most important advance comes from the ability of CNNs to learn high‐dimensional representations of complex naturalistic images, substantially extending the scope of traditional cognitive models that were previously only evaluated with simple artificial stimuli. In all cases, the most successful combinations arise when CNN representations are used with cognitive models that have the capacity to transform them to better fit human behavior. One consequence of these insights is a toolkit for the integration of cognitively motivated constraints back into CNN training paradigms in computer vision and machine learning, and we review cases where this leads to improved performance. A second consequence is a roadmap for how CNNs and cognitive models can be more fully integrated in the future, allowing for flexible end‐to‐end algorithms that can learn representations from data while still retaining the structured behavior characteristic of human cognition.