Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residence time effects on arsenate adsorption/desorption mechanisms on goethite

In order to make sound decisions regarding arsenate contamination in soil and water environments, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of arsenate sorption and desorption over extended periods. The major objectives of this study were to determine the effects of aging or residence time on the kinetics of arsenate sorption and desorption on goethite, and to combine spectroscopic x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and macroscopic studies in order to determine sorption and desorption mechanisms over time at pH 4 and 6. Sorption studies, conducted from 4 min to 12 mo, showed that arsenate sorption on goethite increased with time. Sorption was initially rapid, with over 93% arsenate being sorbed in a 24-h period at pH 6. Similar arsenate adsorption behavior was observed at pH 4. Analysis of the samples with extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) revealed that there exist two distinct atomic shells surrounding the adsorbed As. The closest atomic shell was identified as an O atom, the next shell out was identified as an Fe atom. The As-Fe bond distance of 3.30 A, derived from XAFS data, is indicative of a bidentate binuclear bond forming between the arsenate atoms and the goethite surface. This is in agreement with the findings of previous researchers. Analysis of the As EXAFS from samples incubated for various periods indicated that the molecular environment did not change over time. Complimentary desorption kinetic studies showed that when aging was increased, there was no significant change in the amount of arsenate desorbed from goethite by PO 4 3- . Initially, desorption was quite rapid with >35% of the total adsorbed As being desorbed within 24 h at pH 6. After the initial rapid desorption, only a small amount of additional desorption occurred at longer times. A significant amount of arsenate remained bound to the goethite after 5 mo of desorption even though the PO 4 3 desorptive solution was three times stronger than the initial arsenate sorptive solution. Sulfate was much less effective at promoting arsenate desorption; at pH 6, no more than 2.5% of the total sorbed arsenate desorbed over a 5-mo period. Desorption results at pH 4 were similar to the desorption behavior at pH 6. The XAFS analyses of PO 4 3- desorbed arsenate samples showed that the molecular environment of the adsorbed arsenate did not change.
An Ensemble Approach for Cognitive Fault Detection and Isolation in Sensor Networks

Cognitive fault detection and diagnosis systems are systems able to provide timely information about possibly occurring faults without requiring any a priori knowledge about the process generating the data or the possible faults. This ability is crucial in sensor network scenarios where a priori information about the data generating process, the noise level or the dictionary of the possibly occurring faults is generally hard to obtain. We here present a novel cognitive fault detection and isolation system for sensor networks. The proposed solution relies on the modeling of spatial and temporal relationships present in the acquired datastreams and an ensemble of Hidden Markov Model change-detection tests working in the space of estimated parameters for fault detection and isolation purposes. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been evaluated on both synthetically generated and real datasets.
Closed-Form Expressions for the BER/SER of OFDM Systems With an Integer Time Offset

This paper provides a detailed mathematical analysis of the impact of integer time offsets on the performance of OFDM systems. Although a number of approximate expressions for the probability of error in OFDM systems with integer time offset can be found in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, this work is the first that provides exact expressions. In particular, we derive exact closed-form expressions for the bit error rate (BER) and the symbol error rate (SER) of BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM modulation for transmission over both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. The effect of the fractional carrier frequency offset (CFO) is taken into consideration in the derivations. This makes the derived expressions more useful in evaluating the probability of error for OFDM systems with CFO only, especially in cases like 16-QAM modulation for transmission over Rayleigh fading channels where exact closed-form expressions are not available. For OFDM systems with a large number of subcarriers, an approximate method for evaluating the BER/SER is given. Finally, numerical results are included to demonstrate the exactness of the derived expressions and the accuracy of the approximate method.
The regulation of numbers of primitive hemopoietic cells.

17 Harel, L. , J. Harel, A. Boer, J. Imbenotte, and N. Carpeni, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 87, 212 (1964). 18 Tsukada, K. , and I. Lieberman, J. Biol. Chem., 239, 2952 (1964). 19 Brown, D. D. , and J. B. Gurdon, these PROCEEDINGS, 51, 139 (1964). 20 McConkey, E. H. , and J. W. Hopkins, these PROCEEDINGS, 51, 1197 (1964). 21 Levine, E. M. , Y. Becker, C. W. Boone, and H. Eagle, these PROCEEDINGS, 53, 350 (1965). 22 Colobert, L. , and P. Louisot, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 91, 675 (1964). 23 Kishimoto, S. , and I. Lieberman, Exptl. Cell Res., 36, 92 (1964). 24 Giudice, G. , and G. D. Novelli, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 12, 383 (1963).
A review of the emerging profile of the anti-inflammatory drug oxaprozin

Oxaprozin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug characterised by a propionic acid-based structure. It is able to diffuse easily into inflamed synovial tissues after oral administration. Although discovered > 20 years ago, it is now under intensive investigation because of its unusual pharmacodynamic properties. Other than being a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, the drug is capable of inhibiting both anandamide hydrolase in neurons (median inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 85 μmol/l), with consequent potent analgesic activity, and NF-κB activation in inflammatory cells (IC50 = 50 μmol/l). Moreover, oxaprozin induces apoptosis of activated monocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with the effect being detectable at a concentration of 5 μmol/l and reaching the maximum activity at 50 μmol/l. As monocyte–macrophages and NF-κB pathways are crucial for synthesis of proinflammatory and histotoxic mediators in inflamed joints, oxaprozin appears to be endowed with pharmacodynamic properties exceeding those presently assumed as markers of classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
The Quality of Stakeholder‐Based Decisions

The increased use of stakeholder processes in environmental decision making has raised concerns about the quality of decisions these processes produce. Some claim that stakeholders make inadequate use of scientific information and analysis and are all too ready to sacrifice technical quality for political expediency. This article looks to the case study record to examine the quality of the decisions from stakeholder‐based processes. The data for the analysis come from a “case survey,” in which researchers coded information from 239 published case studies of stakeholder involvement in environmental decision making. These cases reflect a diversity of planning, management, and implementation activities carried out by environmental and natural resource agencies at many levels of government. Overall, the case‐study record suggests that there should be little concern that stakeholder processes are resulting in low‐quality decisions. The majority of cases contain evidence of stakeholders improving decisions over the status quo; adding new information, ideas, and analysis; and having adequate access to technical and scientific resources. Indeed, data suggest that it is the more intensive stakeholder processes—precisely those that have aroused recent concern—that are more likely to result in higher‐quality decisions.
Design and development of a stable polyherbal formulation based on the results of compatibility studies

Introduction: Ayurvedic and herbal medicinal products contain a combination of botanicals; each of these contains a number of chemical compounds that may give the anticipated activity in combination. Therefore, it is very important to analyze and evaluate the compatibility of various active constituents and markers from different medicinal plants for their possible chemical interactions with various excipients at different storage conditions during the development of a stable polyherbal formulation. Objective: To study chemical stability of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) and kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa) extract for their active markers andrographolide, kutkoside and picroside-I and to develop stable polyherbal formulation based on the incompatibility studies. Materials and Methods: The compatibility study was carried out on individual ethanolic extracts of these two plants along with the commonly used excipients in the ratio of 1:1 at 40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity and at a refrigeration temperature of 5 ± 1°C for initial, 7-, 15- and 30-day intervals. The analysis was carried out using the validated reverse phase–high-performance liquid chromatography methods. A stable tablet dosage form was developed based on the results of these studies. Result: The study suggested that the active markers of kutki (kutkoside and picroside-I) were found to be degraded in the presence of the kalmegh extract. However, the active marker of the kalmegh extract (andrographolide) was found to be stable. Both the extracts showed excellent compatibility with all the excipients used in making this formulation. No significant decrease in the kutkoside and picroside-I content from the formulation was observed. Conclusion: By separate granulation process the exposure of both the extracts can be minimized thus avoiding the degradation of active markers.
Romiplostim in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): the French Experience

A minority of children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) require therapeutic intervention to prevent haemorrhagic risk. This retrospective national study evaluated romiplostim in childhood non‐responsive or refractory chronic ITP. Between 2009 and 2012, 10 patients whose Buchanan score was 3–4 were treated with romiplostim. The median duration of thrombocytopenia was 1·9 years (0·8–15). The median duration of romiplostim treatment was 9 months (3–36). A response was observed in 5/10 patients (one complete, four partial). No serious adverse effect was noticed. The long‐term benefit/risk balance of this innovative treatment is currently recorded by Centre de Référence National des Cytopénies Auto‐immunes de l'Enfant.
Agricultural transition and Indo-European dispersals

References AMBROSE, S. 1982. Historical linguistic reconstructions in East Africa: the archaeological evidence, in C. Ehret & M. Posnansky (ed.), The archaeological and lnguistic reconstruction of African history: Berkeley: University of California Press. BENDER, M.L. 1971. The languages of Ethiopia: a new lexicostatistical classification and some problems of diffusion, Anthropological Linguistics 13(5):
Home visits to prevent nursing home admission and functional decline in elderly people: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

CONTEXT The effects of home visitation programs to prevent functional decline in elderly persons have been inconsistent, and the value of these programs is controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of preventive home visits on functional status, nursing home admission, and mortality. DATA SOURCES Studies published in English, French, German, Italian, or Spanish reporting randomized trials of the effects of preventive in-home visits in older people (mean age >70 years) living in the community were identified through searches of MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and EMBASE (January 1985--November 2001). We also searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, checked reference lists of earlier reviews and book chapters, searched conference proceedings and specialty journals, and contacted experts. STUDY SELECTION We screened 1349 abstracts and excluded those that did not test in-home interventions or in which the mean age of the study population was younger than 70 years. After further exclusions, 17 articles describing 18 trials were analyzed. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently screened abstracts. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. For each included trial, we extracted data on the study population and the characteristics of the intervention. Two of us extracted information on 3 end points: nursing home admissions, mortality, and functional status. One of us assessed trial quality, including an examination of the method of randomization, blinding of caregivers and research staff ascertaining outcomes, and proportion of patients included in analyses of the 3 end points. DATA SYNTHESIS The 18 trials included 13 447 individuals aged 65 years and older. The effect on nursing home admissions depended on the number of visits performed during follow-up. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.92) for trials in the upper tertile (>9 visits) but was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.85-1.30) in the lower tertile (0-4 visits). Functional decline was reduced in trials that used multidimensional assessment with follow-up (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.91) but not in other trials (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92-1.11). Functional decline was reduced (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95) in trials with a control group mortality rate in the lower tertile (3.4%-5.8%) but not (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84-1.13) in those with a control-group mortality rate in the upper tertile (8.3%-10.7%). A beneficial effect on mortality was evident in younger study populations (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65-0.88 for ages 72.7-77.5 years) but not in older study populations (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.28 for ages 80.2-81.6 years). CONCLUSION Preventive home visitation programs appear to be effective, provided the interventions are based on multidimensional geriatric assessment and include multiple follow-up home visits and target persons at lower risk for death. Benefits on survival were seen in young-old rather than old-old populations.
A Dedicated Microcontroller based Fuzzy Controlled Shunt Active Power Filter

Abstract This paper presents a dedicated micro-controller based fuzzy logic controller for three-phase shunt active power filter. It is used to improve power quality by compensating harmonics and reactive power requirement of non-linear loads. The compensation process proposed is simple, which is based on sensing line currents and regulating the do link voltage. It operates without sensing the harmonic or reactive volt-ampere requirement of the load. Fuzzy logic control is used to regulate the do link voltage in place of the conventional PI controller, as the fuzzy control is based on simple linguistic variables and does not require the mathematical model of the system. Response of the fuzzy controller is compared with the conventional PI controller by simulation study. An attempt is made to implement a complex control like fuzzy logic on an inexpensive 8-bit micro-controller (INTEL 8031). Various experimental results are presented under steady state and transient conditions.
Reintroducing KAPD as a Dataset for Machine Learning and Data Mining Applications

KACST Arabic Phonetic Database (KAPD) has been in use by researchers for around fifteen years since its initial release. Researches in acoustics and phonetics have benefited from its phonetically rich content. In fact, KAPD has the potential to go further steps with the research community. In this work, KAPD is subject to enhancements and improvements in order to serve as dataset for machine learning and data mining application. This work involves refining and reviewing the already existing metadata of KAPD and adding new material that are necessary for machine learning and data mining applications. The updated phoneme statistics after the corpus upgrade are presented from different perspectives. Data format and time units are made compatible with those of HTK. The paper discusses the potential of KAPD to serve as either a balanced or an imbalanced dataset.
Distant cutaneous metastasis of pleural malignant mesothelioma

We report a facial tumor that was proven to be a metastatic: mesothelioma. The diagnosis was not established pre‐mortem. The patient died shortly after the facial biopsy, and an autopsy revealed a large pleural‐based mass which had the gross appearance typical of a mesothelioma. Electron microscopic examination of tissue from the pleural tumor was diagnostic for mesothelioma. The patient had extensive visceral metastatic disease. Inclusion of this entity in the differential diagnosis of certain cutaneous tumors is important, in part because this lesion may be confused with angiosarcoma, particularly when it occurs in the skin of the face or head in older patients.
Numerical Schemes for Nucleation-Aggregation Models: Early Steps

In the formation of large clusters out of small particles, the initializing step is called the nucleation, and consists in the spontaneous reaction of agents which aggregate into small and stable polymers called nuclei. After this early step, the polymers are involved into a bunch of reactions such as polymerization, fragmentation and coalescence. Since there may be several orders of magnitude between the size of a particle and the size of an aggregate, building efficient numerical schemes to capture accurately the kinetics of the reaction is a delicate step of key importance. In this article, we propose a conservative scheme, based on finite volume methods on an adaptive grid, which is able to render out the early steps of the reaction as well as the later chain reactions.
Electrospun nanofibrils encapsulated in hydrogel cupula for biomimetic MEMS flow sensor development

This paper adopts the design strategies involved in the biological flow sensors present on the body of the blind cave fish in order to engineer MEMS artificial flow sensors by employing micro/nano fabrication technologies. The MEMS sensor developed consists of Si60 polymer haircells fabricated by stereolithography. Biomimetic cupular fibrils are developed by electrospinning a solution of polyL-lactide/e-caprolactone (PLC) to form nanofibers. A bio-inspired hydrogel cupula is fabricated using precision drop-casting methods which enhances the performance of the flow sensor over the naked haircell sensor. The pyramid shaped nanofibers formed act as a scaffold supporting the swollen hydrogel.
Spinal Accessory Nerve Monitoring in Posterior Fossa Surgery

Summary: The role of intraoperative monitoring of lower cranial nerves is not well established. In this study, the authors retrospectively analyzed the intraoperative monitoring data and the clinical outcome of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) in patients who have undergone posterior fossa surgery. SAN was monitored in 19 patients. Subcutaneous needle electrodes were placed in the trapezius, and any abnormal spontaneous activity was documented for duration and amplitude. A bipolar stimulation probe was used for triggered electromyogram, with a maximum stimulation intensity of 3 mA. All patients were clinically evaluated for SAN dysfunction postoperatively 24 hours and 7 days. Neurotonic discharges, lasting between 3 and 90 minutes were seen in 84% of the patients. Continuous discharges lasting longer than 5 minutes were seen in 36% of the patients. The SAN was stimulated in 57.8% of the patients. With clinical examination, none of our patients had postoperative SAN dysfunction. Long lasting dense neurotonic discharges and high stimulation thresholds have been correlated with postoperative facial nerve injury; however, this does seem be true in the case of SAN monitoring. Neurotonic discharges are commonly false-positive and stimulation intensity up to 3 mA can be related with a good outcome. The intraoperative monitoring of SAN may not be valuable as much as facial nerve monitoring.
Molecular cloning of unintegrated and a portion of integrated moloney murine leukemia viral DNA in bacteriophage lambda

A covalently closed circular form of unintegrated viral DNA obtained from NIH 3T3 cells freshly infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MLV) and a port of the endogenous M-MLV from the BALB/Mo mouse strain have been cloned in bacteriophage lambda. The unintegrated viral DNA was cleaved with restriction endonuclease HindIII and inserted into the single HindIII site of lambda phage Charon 21A. Similarly high-molecular-weight DNA from BALB/Mo mice ws cleaved sequentially with restriction endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII and separated on the basis of size, and one of the two fractions which reacted with an M-MLV-specific complementary DNA was inserted into the HindIII site of Charon 21A. Recombinant clones containing M-MLV-reacting DNA were analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping, heteroduplexing, and infectivity assays. The restriction endonuclease map of the insert derived from unintegrated viral DNA, lambda x MLV-1, was comparable to published maps. Electron microscope analysis of the hybrid formed between lambda x MLV-1 DNA and 35S genomic M-MLV RNA showed a duplex structure. The molecularly cloned lambda x MLV-1 DNA contained only one copy of the long terminal repeat and was not infectious even after end-to-end ligation of the insert DNA. The insert DNA derived from endogenous M-MLV, lambda x MLVint-1, contained a DNA stretch measuring 5.4 kilobase pairs in length, corresponding to the 5' part of the genomic viral RNA, and cellular mouse DNA sequences measuring 3.5 kilobase pairs in length. The viral part of the insert showed the typical restriction pattern of M-MLV DNA except that a single restriction site, PvuII, in the 5' long terminal repeat was missing. Reconstructed genomes containing the 5' half derived from the integrated viral DNA and the 3' half derived from the unintegrated viral DNA were able to induce XC plaques after transfection in uninfected mouse fibroblasts.
Automated Invention of Strategies and Term Orderings for Vampire

In this work we significantly increase the performance of the Vampire and E automated theorem provers (ATPs) on a set of loop theory problems. This is done by developing EmpireTune, an AI system that automatically invents targeted search strategies for Vampire and E. EmpireTune extends previous strategy invention systems in several ways. We have developed support for the Vampire prover, further extended Vampire by new mechanisms for specifying term orderings, and EmpireTune can now automatically invent suitable term ordering for classes of problems. We describe the motivation behind these additions, their implementation in Vampire and EmpireTune, and evaluate the systems with very good results on the AIM (loop theory) ATP benchmark.
Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental by "progress"?

FOR THE POPULATION GENETICIST, diabetes mellitus has long presented an enigma. Here is a relatively frequent disease, often interfering with reproduction by virtue of an onset during the reproductive or even pre-reproductive years, with a well-defined genetic basis, perhaps as simple in many families as a single recessive or incompletely recessive gene (cf. Allan, 1933; Pincus and White, 1933, 1934; Harris, 1950; Steinberg and Wilder, 1952; Lamy, Frezal and de Grouchy, 1957; Steinberg, 1959; Post, 1962a). If the considerable frequency of the disease is of relatively long duration in the history of our species, how can this be accounted for in the face of the obvious and strong genetic selection against the condition? If, on the other hand, this frequency is a relatively recent phenomenon, what changes in the environment are responsible for the increase? Current developments in the study of this disease suggest an explanation with important biological ramifications.