Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple global change stressor effects on phytoplankton nutrient acquisition in a future ocean

Predicting the effects of multiple global change stressors on microbial communities remains a challenge because of the complex interactions among those factors. Here, we explore the combined effects of major global change stressors on nutrient acquisition traits in marine phytoplankton. Nutrient limitation constrains phytoplankton production in large parts of the present-day oceans, and is expected to increase owing to climate change, potentially favouring small phytoplankton that are better adapted to oligotrophic conditions. However, other stressors, such as elevated pCO2, rising temperatures and higher light levels, may reduce general metabolic and photosynthetic costs, allowing the reallocation of energy to the acquisition of increasingly limiting nutrients. We propose that this energy reallocation in response to major global change stressors may be more effective in large-celled phytoplankton species and, thus, could indirectly benefit large-more than small-celled phytoplankton, offsetting, at least partially, competitive disadvantages of large cells in a future ocean. Thus, considering the size-dependent responses to multiple stressors may provide a more nuanced understanding of how different microbial groups would fare in the future climate and what effects that would have on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology’.
Gender-Inclusive HCI Research and Design: A Conceptual Review

Previous research has investigated gender and its implications for HCI. We consider inclusive design of technology whatever the gender of its users of particular importance. This conceptual review provides an overview of the motivations that have driven research in gender and inclusive HCI design. We review the empirical evidence for the impact of gender in thinking and behavior which underlies HCI research and design. We then present how HCI design might inadvertently embed and perpetuate gender stereotypes. We then present current HCI design approaches to tackle gender stereotypes and to produce gender-inclusive designs. We conclude by discussing possible future directions in this area.
Importance of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau for the Endangered Saker Falcon Falco cherrug

The Saker Falcon Falco cherrug (hereafter Saker) is the only member of its genus to be categorised as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, primarily because of large and rapid population declines in Central Asia, particularly in the states of the former USSR. Current estimates suggest that breeding pairs (bp) in Mongolia (2,000–5,000) and China (1,000–5,000) account for approximately 47–65% of the global Saker breeding population (BirdLife International 2015). However, published information on the species in these important range states is sparse, especially from China, where Sakers breed in desert and grassland landscapes in the west and north (MacKinnon & Phillipps 2000). In the western Gobi desert of Xinjiang, nesting density was found to be 0.12 bp/100 km2 (Wu et al. 2008), comparable to 0.13 bp/100 km2 in the eastern Gobi of Mongolia (Batbayar et al. 2010). However, as in neighbouring Mongolia, it is likely that grassland ecosystems support higher breeding densities. One such area which has the potential to support an expansive breeding population is the alpine grasslands of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, where Potapov & Ma (2004) reported a density of 0.28 bp/100km2. The Qinghai–Tibetan plateau is a unique biogeographic region extending over an area of 2.5 million km2. This vast area encompasses the provinces of Qinghai and Tibet and includes the adjacent areas of Xinjiang, Gansu and Sichuan provinces (Zhang et al. 2002). High-altitude alpine grassland ranging from 2,300 to 5,300 m covers 59% of the plateau (Ding et al. 2013), and the distribution of the Plateau Pika Ochotona curzoniae, the principal prey for nearly all predators in the region (Smith & Foggin 1999), largely coincides with this habitat type (Lai & Smith 2003). There are nine Important Bird Areas (IBAs), covering about 45,000 km2 on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, which list Sakers in their inventory of threatened species, although they are recorded as being present in only 7% of the IBAs in Qinghai and Tibet provinces (BirdLife International 2009). The distribution of Saker records from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries collated by Vaurie (1972) indicate that the species bred and wintered primarily in the east and south of the plateau, although the apparent paucity of records from the Chang Tang, which covers a large part of west and north Tibet extending south-west to Ladakh, could also be a consequence of the remoteness of the region. Certainly, Kozlov (1899) recorded Sakers breeding in Chang Tang, whilst Schaller (1998) reported that Saker Falcons Importance of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau for the Endangered Saker Falcon Falco cherrug
Fibrinogen Synthesis, Distribution and Degradation

Fibrinogen is a plasma protein of approximately 340,000 daltons containing everal per cent carbohydrate [169]. It is at least chiefly synthesized in the liver [156]. On exposure to thrombin it loses peptides [169] and forms long thin solid fibers [82]. These under the influence of fibrinase, Factor XIII [126, 133], become markedly insoluble in the blood and tissue fluids, unless attacked by proteolytic enzymes such as plasmin [225]. Collections of intertwined fibers block holes in vessels thereby inhibiting blood loss, sometimes block the lumen of vessels thereby causing thrombosis, sometimes circulate in the blood stream till they lodge in vessels to cause emboli [72] and probably form a matrix for cell growth as in wound healing [7, 278] and neoplastic spread [4]. A number of the many recent reviews of various aspects of fibrinogen behavior are noted below. Particularly relevant to what follows are reviews of the molecular structure of fibrinogen [169], the effects of proteolytic enzymes on fibrinogen [137], the pathways of catabolism of fibrinogen [167], the polymerization of fibrin monomers [63], the plasma and tissue fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic enzyme systems [152] and the control of protein synthesis in metazoan cells [168, 271, 232]. This review attempts to describe the physiology and pathophysiology of fibrinogen as it is synthesized, distributed to the blood stream and tissue fluids and catabolized, and to relate its somewhat extraordinary behavior to a few relevant features of what is known about other proteins. This requires discussion of some recent methods for studying fibrinogen metabolism and presentation of a picture of the fibrinogen molecule in continual motion from the time during which it is synthesized till the time when it is broken down through one or other of its several possible catabolic pathways. Also, this requires, because of the resulting clarification-and perhaps some readers may think this unfortunate—the use of some elementary mathematics of rate processes, which we try to keep as simple as possible and the use of which is
Segmentation of Pathological MR Images for Discovery of Useful Patterns Using Various Clustering Techniques

— The Huge demand of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the world of medical field has helped the doctors to analyze and detect relevant disease. MRI is not only a reliable technique for the assessment of pathology but also a useful tool for monitoring the progression of disease. The capability of MRI to provide a fast three dimensional visualization has resulted in this technology being extensively used for the diagnosis and therapy of pathologies of various organs which are then used during surgery. Clustering techniques are widely used in image segmentation to capture similar interests and trends among users accessing a data image. Clustering aims to divide a data set into groups or clusters where inter-cluster similarities are minimized while the intra cluster similarities are maximized. This paper reviews some of the popularly used clustering techniques: k -Means, k -Medoids, Fuzzy C-Means, Leader and DBSCAN. Performance and validity results of each technique are presented and compared.
Psychosocial factors, mental health symptoms, and disordered eating during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE The impact of disordered eating extends beyond women with a diagnosed eating disorder. Scarce research to date has investigated disordered eating in a general perinatal population, including the complex interplay between psychosocial factors, mental health symptoms, and disordered eating at numerous pregnancy periods. Specifically, maternal attitudes and relationship satisfaction are psychosocial factors that have been identified as a gap in the literature. METHOD Pregnant women completed an online questionnaire between 18 and 24 weeks gestation (T1, n = 258) and again between 30 and 32 weeks gestation (T2, n = 159). Structural equation modeling was used to test an interrelated model of psychosocial factors-attitudes to pregnancy, attitudes to motherhood, and relationship satisfaction-and disordered eating, mediated by either depressive or anxiety symptoms. Invariance testing examined whether model weights differed between primiparous and multiparous women at each time point. RESULTS While at T1 and T2, there were significant direct associations between psychosocial factors and disordered eating, only at T2 were the associations between psychosocial factors and disordered eating mediated by depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, at T2, multiparous women were at greater risk of an association between maladaptive attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating. DISCUSSION The present study highlights the need to investigate the relationships between psychosocial factors and disordered eating, while accounting for the unique antenatal needs of women during different pregnancy periods and across differing parity. The mediating effect of depressive and anxiety symptoms have implications for future research and clinical care.
Standard and Training Plan for the Quality Managers in SME

As the competition of global economic gradually increased, sustainable learning has become the key issue of workers to survival in the workplace. Every individual and enterprise is in a global competitive system, only those who have the ability to compete can survive. Kaplan’s balanced scorecard research experience tells us that the competency development of employees needs to be linked to the strategic goals of the company. Enterprises should provide opportunities for the employees to learn and grow. Thus, human resources become one of the important issues for enterprises. The present study conducted the quality control manager of small and medium metal products raw equipment factory as the subjects to investigate the basic knowledge and skills, and enables the enterprise to establish the talent standard. There were three important knowledge areas of the quality management tasks was discovered. The three important knowledge areas are the problem analysis and improvement ability, the customer complaint handling ability, and the communication ability. Moreover, handling horizontal plan ability was the threshold skill. Enterprises can establish an exclusive function model according to their own characteristics and strategic subjects based on the present study.
Air pollution and inflammatory airway disease: therapeutic options

Air pollution, in particular that generated by road traffic, is a matter of rising public concern and has been implicated in the worsening of asthma [1] and increased relative risk of hospital admission for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [2]. Environmental pollutants, such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide, as well as particulate air pollution, 50% of which consists of organic and inorganic particles with an aerodynamic diameter of v10 mm (PM10), either individually or in combination, affect asthmatics by a variety of mechanisms [3]. In individuals with hyperresponsive airways, environmental air pollutants may act as triggers of asthma-like reactions without specifically inducing inflammation. Alternatively, a pollutant could induce or increase airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity that persists after exposure has ceased. Some pollutants may have a direct toxic effect on the respiratory epithelium leading to inflammation, airway hyperreactivity and the appearance of asthma-like symptoms in previously nonasthmatic individuals. Finally, certain pollutants may augment or modify immune responses to inhaled antigens in a manner that favours sensitisation or enhances the severity of respiratory tract reactions after a sensitised individual inhales the inducing allergen. For example, experimental studies have shown that diesel exhaust particulate causes respiratory symptoms and is also able to modulate the immune response by increasing immunoglobulin (Ig)-E synthesis in predisposed animals and humans. There is also some evidence that air pollutants can interact with aeroallergens in the atmosphere and/or on human airways, enhancing their effects. The mechanisms underlying the enhancing effects of pollutants on allergen-induced changes in the airways of allergic individuals are not fully understood. However, in vitro studies have suggested that airway epithelial cells may play an important role, since they can synthesise a variety of cytokines and adhesion molecules that influence the activity of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. In fact, by inducing airway inflammation, which increases epithelial permeability, some pollutants overcome the mucosal barrier and lead to allergen-induced responses. Airway epithelial cells may respond to oxidant pollutants by the activation of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor (NF)-kB, resulting in increased transcription of genes for certain cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-8 and inflammatory enzymes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) [4]. The NF-kB transcription factor is ubiquitously expressed and controls the expression of a large number of genes. Experimental data show that NF-kB acts as a major regulator of the inflammatory reaction by controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in response to cytokines, oxidative stress and infectious
Credit Risk and Financial Performance: Evidence from Microfinance Banks in Nigeria

Microfinance banks hold the key to economic growth in developing economies and their financial health is crucial to achieving this role. One of the factors associated with the financial health of banks is credit risk. Therefore, this studyexamined the effect of credit risk on the financial performance of microfinance banks in Nigeria. Published financial reports of six purposively selected microfinance banks, covering the periods 2012 to 2018 were used as panel datafor the regression model. The panel Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)regression technique was used to estimate the influence of the credit risk variables (proxy by nonperforming loans and loan-loss provisions) on the financial performance (proxy by returns on assets) of the banks.The results of the analysis revealed that non-performing loans has a significant and negative effect on returns on assets (t-stat = -2.4768 and p = 0.02<0.05) while loan-loss provisions has a negative but insignificant effect on returns on assets (t-stat = -1.3316 and p = 0.19>0.05). Further results also showed a significant and positive relationship between total loans and advances (introduced as control variable) and returns on assets (t-stat = 2.8171 and p = 0.01<0.05). The study therefore concluded that credit risk significantly predicted financial performance of microfinance banks in Nigeria. It was recommended that microfinance banks should develop credit policies that will enhance proper monitoring of their loan portfolios inorder to reduce defaults. Furthermore, government should through their relevant agencies, ensure microfinance bank’s compliance with the provisions of the law on debt accumulation.
Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella and Proteus Clinical Isolates: A Real Threat to the Egyptian Health Care System

The war against multidrug-resistant bacteria is very challenging and of a great concern worldwide. Media attention on antibiotic resistance has focused in the recent years on the Gram-positive cocci. However, the Gramnegative bacilli, especially Enterobacteriaceae, have begun to take the center stage clinically (Logan, 2012). Among the pathogens that are considered to be of particular concern are the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (Kanj and Kanafani, 2011).
High Q LTCC Substrate for Mm-Wave Applications

In order to investigate and improve the transmission loss of the low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) micro-strip line in the mm-wave frequency band, the socalled “cat’s eye” edge shape of the micro-strip line and the metal paste conductor line are modeled as a trapezium and as spherical particles which overlap each other, respectively, and analyzed by using the commercially available 3-D EM simulator with high speed and enhanced memories. Further, in the efforts of improving the loss, a few novel and practical LTCC fabrication ideas are proposed and tested by making the test samples. Index Terms —Ceramic products, Substrates, Q factor, Millimeter wave technology, Transmission lines, Electromagnetic modeling, Loss measurement.
An enhanced MSER pruning algorithm for detection and localization of bangla texts from scene images

Text detection and localization have great importance for content based image analysis and text based image indexing. The efficiency of text recognition depends on the efficiency of text localization. So, the main goal of the proposed method is to detect and localize text regions with high accuracy. To achieve this goal, a new and efficient method has been introduced for localization of Bangla text from scene images. In order to improve precision and recall as well as f-measure, Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) based method along with double filtering techniques have been used. As MSER algorithm generates many false positives, we have introduced double filtering method for removing these false positives to increase the f-measure to a great extent. Our proposed method works at three basic levels. Firstly, MSER regions are generated from the input color image by converting it into gray scale image. Secondly, some heuristic features are used to filter out most of the false positives or non-text regions. Lastly, Stroke Width Transform (SWT) based filtering method is used to filter out remaining non-text regions. Remaining components are then grouped into candidate text regions marked by bounding box over each region. As there is no benchmark database for Bangla text, the proposed method is implemented on our own prepared database consisting of 200 scene images of Bangla texts and has got prominent performance. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we have also tested the proposed method on International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition( ICDAR) 2013 benchmark database and have got a better result than the related existing methods.
The In Ovo Feeding Technique as a Recent Aspect of Poultry Farming

| The incubation period of chicken eggs is 21 days; for meat-type birds, this represents approximately 60% of their life. In most cases, chicks are shifted from the hatchery when the majority (approximately 95%) of the chicks have hatched. This period time, added with the time required to transport the chicks to rearing farms, means that chicks can be deprived of water and feed for 2-3 days. Due to the specificity of the embryogenesis process and the unique avian eggshell structure, the development of the embryo could be directly manipulated via a small window that is cut into the egg-shell to allow access to the embryo. This ability has been used to develop the in ovo technique as a biotechnology approach, i.e. direct injection of bioactive and nutritional substances during the incubation process. Recent studies have shown major developments in the utilisation of this technique for early feeding and supply of carbohydrates and amino acids (more than 2.5% weight enhancement for broilers) or vaccination (Newcastle, Mareks Disease, with more than 2% immunity enhancement) in several commercial poultry farms particularly in Europe, United States and Brazil. Additionally, the injection of IGF type I (100 ng/egg from human origin) on the 3rd day of incubation increased the efficiency of growth and development of muscle during the first weeks of life resulting in more than 12% weight enhancement for broiler. The amniotic site has been considered the most effective for supplements injection, while the 18th day of chicken egg incubation is the most effective time. This review integrates recent aspects that could influence traits of interest for in ovo feeding in the poultry industry.
Investigating the Impact of Credit Risk and Liquidity Risk on Loan Growth in Banks Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Paying facilities is one of main activities of banks that is not only the main source of income of any bank but also it can lead to economic growth by directing resources towards efficient investments. However, the amount of banks payment facilities and banks' behavior in granting facilities can be affected by several factors. Therefore, identifying the factors that affect banks 'payment volume is an important issue. Given that banks' payment facilities can be affected by uncertainty, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk and liquidity risk as two factors of intra-organizational uncertainty on the loan growth in banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the ratio of non-performing loans to total facilities was used to measure credit risk, and the ratio of total facilities to total asset was used to measure liquidity risk. The present study was conducted using data collected from 12 banks admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010-2017 by using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results of the data analysis show that increasing the liquidity risk leads to a decrease in the loan growth, while the credit risk does not have a significant effect on the loan growth. These results are consistent with the theory that banks' facilities payment behavior is influenced by their own. Given that this study is the first research that examine the impact of credit risk and liquidity risk on loan growth empirically, Its results can attract the attention of bank managers.