Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DeepAGREL: Biologically plausible deep learning via direct reinforcement

While much recent work has focused on biologically plausible variants of errorbackpropagation, learning in the brain seems to mostly adhere to a reinforcement learning paradigm; biologically plausible neural reinforcement learning frameworks however were limited to shallow networks learning from compact and abstract sensory representations. Here, we show that it is possible to generalize such approaches to deep networks with an arbitrary number of layers. We demonstrate the learning scheme – DeepAGREL – on classical and hard image-classification benchmarks requiring deep networks, namely MNIST, CIFAR10 and CIFAR100, cast as direct reward tasks, both for deep fully connected, convolutional and locally connected architectures. We show that for these tasks, DeepAGREL achieves an accuracy that is equal to supervised error-backpropagation, and the trial-anderror nature of such learning imposes only a very limited cost in terms of training time. Thus, our results provide new insights into how deep learning may be implemented in the brain.
Expression and clinical significance of Axl and its ligand in breast cancer

Objective To detect the expression of Axl and its ligand Gas6 protein in malignant breast tissues and the correlation of its expression with clinical features.Methods Fresh samples of breast cancer and paracancerous tissues of 55 women patients and the fresh tissues of 20 benign controls were collected.The expression of Axl and Gas6 was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical PV-9000 method.The expression levels between the benign and malignant tissues,and correlation of Axl and Gas6 with axillary lymph node metastasis were analyzed.Results The relative quantity and positive rate of Axl in malignant tissues were higher than paracancerous tissues and benign controls(0.272 ± 0.052,0.134 ± 0.008 and 0.116 ± 0.007,60.0%,36.4% and 40.0%) with statistical significance(P 0.05). Similarly,the relative quantity and positive rate of Gas6 in malignant tissues were higher than paracancerous tissues and benign controls(1.147 ± 0.078,0.49 ± 0.078 and 0.474 ± 0.078,58.1%,21.8% and 20.0%) with statistical significance(P 0.05). Between paracancerous tissues and benign controls,the difference had no statistical significance(P 0.05). The expression level of Axl and Gas6 protein in lymph node metastasis group was higher than those without metastasis(0.408 ± 0.007 vs.0.298 ± 0.041,1.277 ± 0.195 vs.0.880 ± 0.037;80.0% vs.48.0%,76.7% vs.40.0%) with statistical significance(P 0.05). The expression of Axl was positively correlated to Gas6(r = 0.612,P = 0.041). Conclusion Axl and Gas6 play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer,and they promote axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.
Power optimization in 4:2 Encoder using MTCMOS Technique

In the present era of technology the demands of electronics device have increased sharply, this happened due to the reducing size and cost and increasing speed of these devices. We finds their applications almost everywhere around us, therefore with the increasing demand of these products the time to market is reducing and effecting the proper implementation of the design by the design engineers, resulting in leakage. Thus in this thesis work we needs to be implemented some techniques and designs to overcome these demerits. An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person that converts information from one format or code to another, for the purposes of standardization, speed, secrecy, security, or saving space by shrinking size. Nowadays encoders have been widely utilized in high-performance critical applications which persistently impose special design constraints in terms of high-frequency, low power consumption, and minimal area. The main objective of this paper is to provide a new low power, high speed 4:2 encoder for very large scale integration (VLSI) designers. MTCMOS (multi threshold voltage CMOS) is an effective circuit level technique that provide a high performance and low power design by utilizing both low and high threshold voltage transistors. In this paper proposed technique has small power dissipation as compared to basic CMOS technique. All the simulations were carried out on 45nanometer CMOS technology.
MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT WITH SINGLE STRETCHED WIRE METHOD ON SUPERKEKB FINAL FOCUS QUADRUPOLES

A final focus quadrupole system (QCS) was installed into the interaction region (IR) of SuperKEKB, and was aligned to accelerator coordinates on February 2017. QCS is a superconducting magnet system consisting of eight quadrupole magnets and four compensation solenoids. We performed measurements of magnetic centers and roll-angles of all quadrupole magnets of QCS based on a Single Stretched Wire method at the IR.
DISENTANGLE CAUSAL MECHANISMS

We propose to use a meta-learning objective that maximizes the speed of transfer on a modified distribution to learn how to modularize acquired knowledge. In particular, we focus on how to factor a joint distribution into appropriate conditionals, consistent with the causal directions. We explain when this can work, using the assumption that the changes in distributions are localized (e.g. to one of the marginals, for example due to an intervention on one of the variables). We prove that under this assumption of localized changes in causal mechanisms, the correct causal graph will tend to have only a few of its parameters with non-zero gradient, i.e. that need to be adapted (those of the modified variables). We argue and observe experimentally that this leads to faster adaptation, and use this property to define a meta-learning surrogate score which, in addition to a continuous parametrization of graphs, would favour correct causal graphs. Finally, motivated by the AI agent point of view (e.g. of a robot discovering its environment autonomously), we consider how the same objective can discover the causal variables themselves, as a transformation of observed low-level variables with no causal meaning. Experiments in the two-variable case validate the proposed ideas and theoretical results.
Bone Marrow Stimulation and Biological Adjuncts for Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) frequently occur after ankle sprain or fracture. Although there has been a growing interest in OLT treatment recently, the pathology has been recognized for hundreds of years. Yet there is a lack of consensus as to the most effective treatment strategy. Because of a lack of vasculature and the relative hypocellularity of articular cartilage, OLT are difficult to treat. Arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) has become a commonly used method of treating smaller, primary OLT because of technical simplicity, the advantages of minimally invasive access, and cost-effectiveness. Results of BMS are good in the short-to-midterm with high overall success rates reported in the literature. However, the fibrocartilagenous repair tissue formed after BMS confers inferior biological and mechanical properties compared with native hyaline cartilage. Poorer outcomes have also been demonstrated in large and uncontained talar shoulder lesions. Subchondral bone compaction and thermal necrosis with drilling may be the cause for concern. There is also evidence of high rates of cracks and fissuring in fibrocartilage and inadequate integration with native cartilage postoperatively. Furthermore, there is a lack of long-term BMS outcome data available. Concerns with BMS have prompted investigation of biological adjuncts that could potentially improve the quality of BMS repair tissue and form a more hyaline-like repair. Arthroscopic BMS has much promise for the future but long-term, high-level studies are required. Enhancement of BMS with biological adjuncts and improved surgical instrumentation has the potential to improve cartilage repair and outcomes. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level 5. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An All Digital Fractional Frequency Synthesizer for 60GHz UWB System

A 40 GHz all digital fractional frequency synthesizer for 60GHz UWB system is presented. Without the helping of a multi-mode divider, the fractional phase locking function is achieved by a feedback around the reference integral path and a delta-sigma modulator. In this mechanism, the locking range covers from 37.5 to 45.5GHz. When the output frequency is 40GHz, the simulated phase noise is -90dBc/Hz at 1MHz frequency offset. Implemented in a 90 nm CMOS technology, the core area is only 0.594 mm, and the chip size including bonding pad is 1.265mm. The ADFPLL core consumes 52mW from a 1.2V supply.
Clinical analysis of 75 severe and critical patients with novel influenza A (H1N1).

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with severe and critical influenza A(H1N1),and to discuss the methods for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical features,laboratory findings,and the image data of 75 influenza A(H1N1) patients,who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University during October 24,2009-December 12,2009,were retrospectively analyzed.Results The patients included 29 severe cases and 46 critical cases,54 males and 21 females,with an age range of 18~66 years and a mean of 42.4 years old.Sixteen patients had definite contact history;the mean latency was 3.5 days.The most common initial symptoms included fever(56.0%),bloody sputum(20.0%) and rales(90.7%). Blood routine showed that 78.7% of patients had increased GRAN,74.7% had increased lymphocyte ratio,56.7% had hypoalbuminemia,58.2% had increased LDH.Analysis of peripheral T lymphocyte subgroup showed that 57.1% patients had decreased CD4.However,10.7% patients had no fever in the course of disease.The major findings of lung CT were multiple,bilateral patchy opacity and ground glass opacity.The major findings of pulmonary function test were restrictive ventilatory functional disturbance and severe diffusion dysfunction.Twenty-three cases had ARDS (10 death cases all had both ARDS and MODS). Conclusion Early identification of severe and critical influenza A(H1N1)patients and early treatment with oseltamivir are the keys for diagnosis and treatment;and comprehensive therapy and supporting therapy can achieve better therapeutic effects.
Knowledge and Utilization of Recommended Preventative Vaccines among Young Adults

Background: Outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases continue to be a problem, with recent epidemics of measles, pertussis and influenza causing notable morbidity and mortality. Recommended routine vaccination of the adult population has been low and sporadic. Objectives: To examine the awareness, perception of risk, and knowledge of common vaccine preventable diseases in young adults. To assess utilization of vaccines (e.g. HPV, T dap and influenza), primary care provider recommendation of vaccines, and preventive healthcare trends in order to identify potential barriers to vaccination. Methods: An anonymous, prospective survey of graduate students in Chicago. Results: Survey was completed by 2,582 students; 53.3% were female. Seventy-eight percent were 18-26 years of age; 23% of sexually active students did not use condoms. Ninety-five percent reported having health insurance, but 26% of males and 12% of females rarely or never sought routine medical care. Average knowledge scores were significantly higher for HPV than pertussis and influenza. Over 80% of students would be willing to ask their physician about vaccines. Fourteen percent of women and 9.4% of students had been vaccinated against HPV and pertussis respectively. Primary obstacles to vaccination were perception of not being at risk for disease, vaccine cost, and lack of time. Conclusions: Despite media attention about various vaccine preventable diseases, a general awareness and openness towards vaccination, and adequate access to healthcare, the majority of young adults are not being offered or receiving recommended vaccinations. Personal risk perception and cost are major obstacles. New and creative interventions to reduce barriers to young adult vaccination are necessary.
Changing clinical practice: Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of a nationwide videofluoroscopy evidence-based guideline

Purpose: To explore speech-language therapists’ (SLT) perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to implementation of a nationwide evidence-based guideline for videofluoroscopic study of swallowing in New Zealand. Method: A questionnaire was developed and administered online using a cross-sectional study design targeting SLT leaders and guideline auditors from 20 health authorities in New Zealand. A mixed-method approach to data analysis was implemented through descriptive statistics and qualitative description. Results: Eighteen SLT leaders and guideline auditors from 12 health authorities responded. Analysis revealed five facilitator categories: communication, documentation, education, evaluation, and resources, and five barrier categories: communication, change, leadership, resources, and time. When presented with a list of strategies and barriers, over 80% reported that changing their authority's VFSS standard operating procedures and having interactive small group sessions were effective facilitators. While over 60% reported time and financial constraints as barriers. Conclusions: This is the first study in New Zealand to report the perceptions of SLTs in implementing a nationwide evidence-based guideline. It highlights the perceived facilitators and barriers to guideline implementation for New Zealand SLTs. Future successful guideline implementation would benefit from the findings of this study.
To Assess The Prevalence Of Obesity Among Affluent School Children In Patiala, Punjab And Identify Its Associated Risk Factors

Aim: To assess the prevalence of obesity among affluent school children in Patiala, Punjab and identify its associated risk factors. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five private schools in Patiala, India. A total of 1250 school children in the age group of 6-15 years were selected using stratified random sampling. Weight and height of each student was measured using standard measures and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A semi-structured questionnaire was filled evaluating risk factors like family history of obesity, intake of high calorie including junk foods, physical inactivity and television and/or computer viewing. Statistical analysis: Chi-square test. Results: Overall obesity was seen in 95 (7.6%) children with 61 (9.4%) girls and 34 (5.7%) boys affected (p=0.20). Family history of obesity, intake of high calorie foods, physical inactivity and television or computer viewing for more than 3 hours a day were found to be significant risk factors of obesity (p<0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Obesity as an emerging health problem among affluent children in Patiala, India due to an increasing sedentary lifestyle and faulty dietary habits.
Molecular Diagnostics Testing for Lung Adenocarcinoma: State-of-the-Art in 2010

Non–small-cell lung carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and worldwide. Historically, diagnostic classification and treatment decisions were based on a simple algorithm that considered only the distinction from small cell carcinoma and tumor stage. However, we are increasingly recognizing the histologic and molecular heterogeneity of lung cancers and are developing more effective targeted therapies as a result. Use of targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is one of the great successes in this regard. The presence of somatic EGFR activating mutations appears to be the best predictor of response to this targeted therapy. This review recaps the rationale behind the development of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and offers some historical perspective on the clinical experience with these drugs. Finally, we provide some guidelines to the practicing pathologist regarding currently available techniques for mutation analysis as well as a discussion of alternate modalities for assessing EGFR receptor activation in tissue samples.
Barns uppfödning under BB-tiden i Stockholms läns landsting En kartläggning under våren — 1999

WHO/UNICEF's »ten step for successful breastfeeding« encourages changes in hospital routines to increase the prevalence of the breastfeeding. The ten steps include avoiding artificial nutrition without medical indications. All the hospitals in Stockholm have been evaluated about five years ago. Now days The Social department statistics shows that 94,4% of all newborns are exclusive breast-feed at the age of one week but experiences shows that newborns during postpartum care get milk substitutes to a higher rate. The purpose with this study is to analyse the newborns nutrition during the hospital focusing on: How many are not exclusively breast-fed? What substitutes are given? Why and how are they given? Which of the doctor or the midwife prescribes the substitute? During seven separate days in the springtime 1999 all newborns in Stockholm and their diet were recorded. The answers were analysed for the whole group and for separate hospital. The results disclose big differences between the hospitals about the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding as well as the diagnosis. 26 percent of the newborns got substitutes, mostly made by cow's milk. A low blood sugar was the most common reason to give substitutes. 33% of them were cup-fed and 11% were bottle-fed. Every third newborn that received substitute get it before any attempt to breastfeeding. Doctors as well as midwifes prescribed milk substitutes.
A 12-Week Metabolic Conditioning Program for a Mixed Martial Artist

ABSTRACT TRAINING ONE'S METABOLISM FOR MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY IS A CRITICAL PHYSICAL COMPONENT FOR MANY COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES. THE TRAINING NEEDS TO STRESS THE PROPER ENERGY SYSTEM IN THE APPROPRIATE AMOUNT BASED ON THE WORK-TO-REST RATIO SPECIFIC TO THE GIVEN ACTIVITY. BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENT INTENSITIES OF THE COMPONENT SPORTS OF MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA), AN MMA MATCH CAN REQUIRE EACH OF THE 3 ENERGY SYSTEMS TO BE USED AT VARIOUS TIMES IN EACH ROUND. THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF A 12-WEEK METABOLIC CONDITIONING PROGRAM THAT PROGRESSIVELY TRAINS THE PHOSPHAGEN, GLYCOLYTIC, AND OXIDATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR AN MMA ATHLETE.
De-noising Spacecraft Attitude and Rate Data using DWT

In this paper, de-noising of satellite attitude and rate data using discrete wavelet transform is presented. The mission objective of any remote sensing satellite is to produce an image. The image is taken on board the spacecraft, and then downloaded using a Radio Frequency link. The processing of the image is done at ground. The attitude quaternion and body rates are part of the down linked data. These data had to be pre-processed to remove the noise. Conventional methods employ taking the Fourier transform and removing the high frequency component through filtering. The de-noising of attitude and rate data is important to make the final data product such as image smoother. General Terms Spacecraft, attitude, body rates.
Evaluation of the Quality of Interaction from the robot point of view in Human-Robot Interactions

It is important for a service robot to be able to evaluate if an interaction with a human is going well or not. This paper presents a novel way to evaluate human-robot interactions, in the context of social interactions and collaborative tasks between a human and a robot. We propose a model allowing the robot to measure in real-time the quality of its interactions. This new information will improve its decision-making process.
From a Dialect Dictionary to an Etymological One

Typically, loanwords from different sources are presented in different entries of a dialect dictionary, but the etymologies of the dialect words are often obscure. An etymologist, on the other hand, has to consider the phonetic shape and developments of a stem, its areal distribution and meanings in dialects to find out the etymology. What are the cooperative prospects of etymologists and dialectologists? The paper compares the presentation of dialect words in two dictionaries currently compiled on the web, namely, in the Estonian dialect dictionary and in the Estonian etymological dictionary. Despite the different specifics of the two dictionaries a number of similar problems have cropped up. Also, comparisons of the material have yielded essential information enabling solutions for both sides. Across dialects, a loanword often displays numerous phonetic variants, while a variant may easily sound untypical of the concrete dialect. The possible donor can be traced considering the occurrence of the dialect word in the traditional area of loanwords of a certain origin and the semantic relationship of the word with the presumed donor language. Cooperation between etymologists and dialectologists has contributed a lot to making a distinction between homonymy and polysemy, to identification of folk etymologies (words as well as semantic nuances), to distinguishing between separate loanwords and derivatives of the same stem, etc. A shared electronic environment enables bilateral specification of the linguistic material, if necessary.
OTT_A_226044 10787..10797

Yan Kang Yaoli Jia Qilong Wang Qianru Zhao Meng Song Ran Ni Jing Wang 1Department Two of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang, Henan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the first leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Long noncoding RNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) was involved in the progression of multiple cancers by sponging target miRNA. We aimed to explore the pathological mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 in NSCLC progression. Methods: The expression of KCNQ1OT1, miR-204-5p and autophagy-related gene 3 (ATG3) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 3-(4, 5-Dimethyl2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry assay were conducted for the detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively.Western blot assay was performed to examine the protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), BCL2-Associated X (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and LC3II/LC3I and P62. The interaction between miR-204-5p and KCNQ1OT1 or ATG3 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Murine xenograft assay was conducted to explore the function of KCNQ1OT1 in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining assay was used for the analysis of ki67-positive cell percentage. Results: The expression of KCNQ1OT1 and ATG3 was up-regulated whereas miR-204-5p was down-regulated in NSCLC tumors and cells. MiR-204-5p was inversely correlated with KCNQ1OT1 or ATG3. In addition, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown facilitated apoptosis, inhibited autophagy and proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro and blocked tumor growth in vivo. However, the miR-204-5p inhibitor reversed the effects. More importantly, ATG3 was a target gene of miR-204-5p and ATG3 overexpression restored the effect of miR-204-5p on NSCLC cell progression. Conclusion: KCNQ1OT1 promotes cell proliferation and autophagy and inhibits cell apoptosis via regulating miR-204-5p/ATG3 axis, providing a promising target for NSCLC therapy.