Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of Gate-Induced Drain Leakage in Vertically Stacked Nanowire FETs: Inversion-Mode Versus Junctionless Mode

A comprehensive analysis of the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current of vertically stacked nanowire (VS-NW) FETs was carried out. In particular, two different operational modes of the VS-NW, an inversion mode (IM) and a junctionless mode (JM), were compared. The GIDL current of the JM-FET was considerably smaller than that of the IM-FET, and the reason for the difference was consequently determined by numerical simulations. It was found that the source of the difference between the IM-FET and JM-FET was the difference in source/drain (S/D) doping concentration, where the depletion width becomes the tunneling width, considering a long extension length at the S/D regions. The experimental results showed that the GIDL current of the NW FET was significantly controlled by longitudinal band-to-band tunneling (BTBT), rather than the transverse BTBT, as had been reported in the previous literature.
Optimal linear spectral unmixing

The optimal estimate of ground cover components of a linearly mixed spectral pixel in remote-sensing imagery is investigated. The problem is formulated as two consecutive constrained least-squares (LS) problems: the first problem concerns the estimation of the end-member spectra (EMS), and the second concerns the estimate, within each mixed pixel, of ground cover class proportions (CCPs) given the estimated EMS. For the EMS estimation problem, the authors propose a total least-squares (TLS) solution as an alternative to the conventional LS approach. The authors pose the CCP estimation problem as a constrained LS optimization problem. Then, they solve for exact solution using a quadratic programming (QP) method, as opposed to the Lagrange multiplier (LM)-based approximated solution proposed by Settle and Drake (1993). Preliminary computer experiments indicated that the TLS-estimated EMS always leads to better estimates of CCP than that of the LS-estimated EMS.
Live demonstration: A low-power high-level synthesis system

In this live demonstration, we present a low-power high-level synthesis system that performs the simultaneous application of operation scheduling and power management. The optimization goal is to maximize the power saving under both the timing constraints and the resource constraints. Moreover, we also develop a graphical user interface for the high-level synthesis system. Therefore, it is very easy for the user of the high-level synthesis system to perform the design space exploration (i.e., the trade-off between timing and power).
Robert Lowell's Poems: A Selection

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The iris as pharmacologic indicator. I. Effect of physostigmine and of pilocarpine on pupillary movements in normal man.

The literature concerning the influence of drugs upon the iris, too voluminous to be presented here, can be grouped roughly into four categories, namely: (1) reports that dealt with the discovery and description of drugs or poisons, in which the pupillary effects were part of the general clinical findings; (2) investigations designed to reveal the mode of action of various drugs; (3) experiments in which drugs of known action were used to clarify the mechanism of physiological phenomena directly or indirectly related to pupillary movements; and (4) description and evaluation of drugs used in ophthalmology for the specific purpose of dilating or contracting the pupil. In spite of the great popularity which the iris has enjoyed as an indicator in pharmacological experiments, the number of investigations in which the pupillary movements were registered accurately is relatively small. This fact and the great variations in drug responses between species, among individuals,
Attachment and entry of Candida famata in monocytes and epithelial cells

Candida albicans is considered the main pathogenic yeast responsible for a multitude of infective disorders. However, other yeasts, such as Candida famata, are being recognized as potential emerging pathogens that cause several types of infections in humans and animals. Consequently, we have investigated the adhesion and internalization of Candida famata into monocytes and epithelial cells. The interaction of the yeast with the cells is very rapid and takes place during the first 15 min of injection. However, the affinity of the yeast for the cells varies, THP‐1 (human monocytes) being the highest and followed in decreasing order by HeLa (human carcinoma), HaCaT, and Pam‐212 (human and mouse keratinocytes, respectively). Heat inactivation or treatment with nystatin, significantly decreases yeast adhesion to cells. Immunofluorescence, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, reveals that cell lines are able to internalize C. famata. At 48 h after infection, most of the yeasts located inside cells appear degraded, but some yeasts recovered from lysed cells, were still viable. Adhesion and internalization of C. famata into HeLa cells were found to be lower than those of C. albicans and C. glabrata, but higher than those of S. cerevisiae. In addition, infection with C. famata results in actin microfilaments rearrangement. This article presents novel data in the interaction of this pathogenic yeast with mammalian cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for 2-D WSe2 hybridized with functionalized gold nanoparticles.

Two-dimensional (2-D) transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS<sub>2</sub>, WSe<sub>2</sub>, and WS<sub>2</sub>, are promising materials for application in field effect transistors, optoelectronics, and sensing devices. In this study, 2-D WSe<sub>2</sub> samples with various numbers of layers were hybridized with functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) to achieve surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The nanoscale Raman and photoluminescence spectra of the WSe<sub>2</sub> layers and WSe<sub>2</sub>/Au-NP hybrids were measured using a high-resolution laser confocal microscope. The WSe<sub>2</sub> exhibited distinct optical characteristics depending on the number of WSe<sub>2</sub> layers. The intensities of the Raman characteristic modes of the WSe<sub>2</sub> layers were significantly enhanced after hybridization with functionalized Au-NPs, indicating the SERS effect. The SERS effect weakened with increasing the number of WSe<sub>2</sub> layers. The SERS effect was more pronounced for mono- and bi-layer WSe<sub>2</sub> systems compared with the multi-layer WSe<sub>2</sub> systems.
The intellectual quarantine of American medicine

Powerful forces, which are increasing in number and intensity, are causing unexpected changes in medicine. The biological revolution offers opportunities for intervention of a magnitude unknown previously, while at the same time, society is concerned with the increasing costs of medical care. Access to such care and its equitable distribution are the subject of public debate. All of these are issues for ethical consideration. With so many forces acting, there is the opportunity for both effective change and catastrophe. Medicine must be studied in the whole university where such forces can be considered in an appropriate scholarly fashion with the perspective of history and the methodology of the many academic disciplines. Multidisciplinary units within the university must be formed to consider the complicated issues and the consequences of suggested courses of action. Surely this is better than the advocacy positions of the various parts of organized medicine, regulatory bodies, or insurance companies. Medicine must return from the often intellectually and geographically separated medical school to the center of the university's intellectual life.
An adaptive UEP transmission system for JPEG2000 codestream using RCPT codes

An efficient adaptive unequal error protection technique is proposed for JPEG2000 codestream transmission over AWGN channels using RCPT codes. Image headers are protected by hybrid FEC/ARQ methods to realize near error-free performance. Quality-layer data packets are protected by a set of RCPT codes based on a rate-distortion methodology. A time-varying channel is adapted for image transmission using a channel operating region segmentation scheme. A sub-optimum rate selection procedure avoids the complicated dynamic programming computation. Simulation results show that separate considerations for header and data packets are necessary when channels are noisy. Reconstructed images data has been obtained to show the effectiveness of the proposed practical rate selection scheme.
Predicting the vapour pressure of chemicals from structure: a comparison of graph theoretic versus quantum chemical descriptors

In this paper a set of graph theoretic molecular descriptors was used to predict the normal vapour pressure of a collection of 121 chlorinated organic chemicals. The easily calculated topological descriptors resulted in a robust quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model with q2 of 0.988, which is comparable to a model published previously developed using the computationally expensive density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP level (Becke three-parameter exchange, Lee–Yang–Parr correlation). The addition of computer-intensive quantum chemical descriptors, including polarizability, to the set of topological descriptors did not improve the predictive ability of the model.
Potential contribution of tumor suppressor p53 in the host defense against hepatitis C virus

Infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) usually results into chronic hepatitis that can ultimately lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Type 1 interferons (IFN‐α/β) constitute the primary cellular defense against viral infection including HCV. IFN binding to their receptors activates associated Jak1 and Tyk2 kinases, which ultimately leads to phosphorylation and assembly of a signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT)1‐STAT2‐interferon regulatory factor (IRF)9 trimetric complex called interferon‐stimulated gene factor 3 that translocates into the nucleus and binds to the interferon‐ stimulated response elements (ISRE), leading to transcriptional induction of several antiviral genes, including double‐stranded RNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR), 2′,5′‐ oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA). Understanding the mechanisms of how the virus evades this cellular innate defense and establishes a chronic infection is the key for the development of better therapeutics against HCV infection. Here, we demonstrate that p53 could have a crucial role in the cellular innate defense against HCV. We observed significantly higher levels of HCV RNA replication and viral protein expression in the Huh7 cells when their p53 expressions were knocked down. Moreover, IFN treatment was less effective in inhibiting the HCV RNA replication in the p53–knocked‐down (p53kd) Huh7 cells. In fact, the activation of the ISRE and the induction of ISGs were significantly attenuated in the p53kd Huh7 cells and p53 was found to directly interact with IRF9. Conclusion: These observations underscore the potential contributions of the tumor suppressor p53 in cellular antiviral immunity against HCV with possible therapeutic implications. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Implementation and evaluation of daycare report generation system based on BLE tag

Recently, as elderly people population grows, the burdens on caretakers are getting larger. In daycare center, caretakers make a daycare report aiming to improve the senior citizen's Quality of Life. However, in the aged society, it is difficult for caretakers to record the senior citizen's activity in detail, since each caretaker needs to take care of several senior citizens at the same time. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic day-care report generation system. Our proposed system estimates the present area and activity of the senior citizen by utilizing the accelerometer-implemented-BLE-beacon tags and generate the daycare report. Based on the generated report, the caretaker works effectively. Evaluation result in a daycare center showed that our system estimated the subject's present area with F-measure: 80.6% and activity with F-measure: 73.8% and automatically generated the daycare report.
Application-level fault tolerance in the orbital thermal imaging spectrometer

Systems that operate in extremely volatile environments, such as orbiting satellites, must be designed with a strong emphasis on fault tolerance. Rather than rely solely on the system hardware, it may be beneficial to entrust some of the fault handling to software at the application level, which can utilize semantic information and software communication channels to achieve fault tolerance with considerably less power and performance overhead. We show the implementation and evaluation of such a software-level approach, application-level fault tolerance and detection (ALFTD) into the orbital thermal imaging spectrometer (OTIS).
Financial distress in patients with advanced cancer

Purpose We examined the frequency and severity of financial distress (FD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) and symptoms among patients with advanced cancer in France. Design In this cross-sectional study, 143 patients with advanced cancer were enrolled. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer General (FACT-G) and symptoms assessed using Edmonton Assessment System (ESAS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). FD was assessed using a self-rated numeric scale from 0 to 10. Results Seventy-three (51%) patients reported having FD. Patients reported having FD were most likely to be younger (53.8 (16,7SD) versus 62 (10.5SD), p<0.001), single (33 (62%) versus 40(44%), p = 0.03) and had a breast cancer (26 (36%), p = 0.024). Patients with FD had a lower FACT-G score (59 versus 70, p = 0.005). FD decreased physical (14 versus 18, p = 0.008), emotional (14 versus 16, p = 0.008), social wellbeing (17 versus 19, p = 0.04). Patients with FD had higher HADS-D (8 versus 6 p = 0.007) and HADS-A (9 versus 7, p = 0.009) scores. FD was linked to increased ESAS score (59 (18SD) versus 67 (18SD), p = 0.005) and spiritual suffering (22(29SD) versus 13(23SD), p = 0.045). Conclusion The high rate of patient-reported FD was unexpected in our studied population, as the French National Health Insurance covers specific cancer treatments. The FD was associated with a poorer quality of life. Having a systematic assessment, with a simple tool, should lead to future research on interventions that will increase patients’ QOL.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the yeast actin gene: a test for actin function in vivo.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a single actin gene, ACT1, whose protein product is essential for cell viability. To study the structure‐function relationship of this evolutionarily highly conserved protein, we have introduced into the gene several mutations leading to substitutions of amino acids that, by chemical crosslinking experiments, have previously been identified as potential sites for the interaction of actin with several actin‐binding proteins and of actin monomers in filaments. The in vitro mutated actin genes were used to replace one chromosomal ACT1 allele in diploid cells. From diploid transformants, haploids that solely depended on mutant actins were isolated and their phenotypic alterations studied. The replacement of the N‐terminal acidic residues (Asp2 and Glu4) with valine was functionally neutral. Substitutions of Asp11 led to dominant lethality. Substitutions of Lys191, Lys336, Trp356, Lys373 and Cys374 were without observable effect on cell growth, proliferation and morphology. Deletion of the C‐terminal end, Lys‐Cys‐Phe‐COOH, was lethal, whereas successive removal of the C‐terminal Phe375 or Cys374 and Phe375 resulted in temperature sensitivity. At the nonpermissive temperature, the mutant cells were characterized by an increase in size, a tendency to lyse and significant alterations of the actin cytoskeleton.
A Personalized Multi-Path and Multi-User Traffic Analysis and Visualization Tool

Traffic optimization is a subject that has become vital for the world we live in. People these days need to get from a starting point to a destination point as fast and as safe as possible. Traffic congestion plays a key role in the frustration of people and it results in lost time, reduced productivity and wasted resources. In our study we seek to address these issues by proposing a real-time road traffic planning system based on mobile context and crowd sourcing efforts. The first step toward this goal is real-time traffic characterization using data collected from mobile sensors of drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, passengers, etc. We started developing a data collection and analysis system composed of a mobile application in order to collect user context data and a Web application to view and analyze the data. This new system will eventually give the users an automatically optimized route to the destination and predict the users’ traveling route based on live traffic conditions and historical data.
Expression of the major capsid protein VP6 of group C rotavirus and synthesis of chimeric single-shelled particles by using recombinant baculoviruses

VP6 of group C (Cowden strain) rotavirus was expressed in the baculovirus system. The recombinant protein, expressed to a high level in insect cells, was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The purified protein was proven to be trimeric. The effect of pH on the trimer's stability was investigated. Coexpression of VP6 from group A (bovine strain RF) and VP6 from group C in the baculovirus system did not result in the formation of chimeric trimers. Coexpression of VP2 from group A rotavirus (bovine strain RF) and VP6 from group C in the baculovirus system led to the formation of chimeric, empty, single-shelled particles. These results demonstrate conservation in the domains necessary for binding to VP2 in different serogroups of VP6. The locations of the domains involved in trimerization and in the interaction with VP2 are discussed.
Rational immunogen design to target specific germline B cell receptors

Building Better Vaccines In the past few years, several highly potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) specific for the gp120 envelope protein of HIV-1 have been discovered. The goal of this work is to use this information to inform the design of vaccines that are able to induce such antibodies (see the Perspective by Crowe). However, because of extensive somatic hypermutation, the epitope bound by these antibodies often does not bind to the germline sequence. Jardine et al. (p. 711, published online 28 March; see the cover) used computational analysis and in vitro screening to design an immunogen that could bind to VRC01-class bNAbs and to their germline precursors. Georgiev et al. (p. 751) took advantage of the fact that only four sites on the HIV viral envelope protein seem to bind bNAbs, and sera that contain particular bNAbs show characteristic patterns of neutralization. An algorithm was developed that could successfully delineate the neutralization specificity of antibodies present in polyclonal sera from HIV-infected patients. Structural knowledge of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 guides the design of an immunogen to elicit them. Vaccine development to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 is a global health priority. Potent VRC01-class bNAbs against the CD4 binding site of HIV gp120 have been isolated from HIV-1–infected individuals; however, such bNAbs have not been induced by vaccination. Wild-type gp120 proteins lack detectable affinity for predicted germline precursors of VRC01-class bNAbs, making them poor immunogens to prime a VRC01-class response. We employed computation-guided, in vitro screening to engineer a germline-targeting gp120 outer domain immunogen that binds to multiple VRC01-class bNAbs and germline precursors, and elucidated germline binding crystallographically. When multimerized on nanoparticles, this immunogen (eOD-GT6) activates germline and mature VRC01-class B cells. Thus, eOD-GT6 nanoparticles have promise as a vaccine prime. In principle, germline-targeting strategies could be applied to other epitopes and pathogens.
A Peer-to-Peer System for Location-based Services

Location-based services promise to offer highly personalized content based on the users current geographical position. A typical example is a restaurant finder service that returns a list of restaurants in specified proximity of the users current position (via GPS or mobile phone triangulation). Building the infrastructure necessary to offer competitive global location based services of different kinds can be a challenging task for an Internet or mobile phone service provider due to the amount of necessary infrastructure and information. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems, however, offer the possibility to deploy new services without the need for centrally managed infrastructure because they use resources available at the participating end-users' systems. In this paper, we describe a new P2P system that can be used to offer location-based service, combining the advantages of location-aware services with the low costs and good scalability properties of modern P2P systems. The system is a structured P2P system based on a novel overlay network described in this paper. The main advantage of this overlay structure is that contrary to existing DHTs it supports location-based area search in a more efficient and reliable way. As proof of concept we built a network that offers location-based search and metadata based search for webcams that are connected to our network.
Novel epigallocatechin gallate analogs as potential anticancer agents: a patent review (2009 – present)

Introduction: Over the past three years numerous patents and patent applications have been published relating to scientific advances in the use of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (the most abundant, and bioactive compound in green tea) and its analogs as anticancer agents. EGCG affects multiple molecular targets involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival; however, polyphenolic catechins, such as EGCG, generally exhibit poor oral bioavailability. Since the anticancer activity of polyphenols largely depends on their susceptibility to biotransformation reactions, numerous EGCG derivatives, analogs and prodrugs have been designed to improve the stability, bioavailability and anticancer potency of the native compound. Areas covered: This review focuses on the applications of EGCG and its analogs, derivatives and prodrugs in the prevention and treatment of human cancers. A comprehensive description of patents related to EGCG and its derivatives, analogs and prodrugs and their uses as anticancer agents is included. Expert opinion: EGCG targets multiple essential survival proteins and pathways in human cancer cells. Because it is unstable physiologically, numerous alterations to the EGCG molecule have been patented, either to improve the integrity of the native compound or to generate a more stable yet similarly efficacious molecule. EGCG and its derivatives, analogs and prodrugs could be developed into future drugs for chemoprevention, chemosensitization, radiosensitization and/or cancer interception.