Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OF THE USEFULNESS OF REPETITIVE NERVE STIMULATION AND SINGLE FIBER EMG IN THE ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

A retrospective literature review of the electrodiagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) through July 1998 was performed for the purpose of generating evidencebased practice parameters. There were 545 articles identified, of which 13 articles met at least 3 of the 6 criteria set previously by the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AAEM). An additional 21 articles were identified from review articles or the references of these first 13 articles leading to a total of 34 articles. Results of studies utilizing repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) showed that a 10% decrement in amplitude from the first to fourth or fifth intravolley waveform while stimulating at 2 5 Hz is valid for the diagnosis of MG. The degree of increment needed for the diagnosis of LEMS is at least 25% but most accurate when greater than 100%. Abnormal jitter or impulse blocking are the appropriate criteria for diagnosis of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders when using single fiber electromyography (SFEMG). SFEMG is more sensitive than RNS for the diagnosis of disorders of neuromuscular transmission but may be less specific and may not be available. Therefore, RNS remains the preferred initial test for MG and LEMS.
A Joint Modality Recognition Framework : Case Studies in Enhanced Speech Recognition for the Disabled and Multimodal Biometric Authentication

The widespread deployment of novel human-computer interaction methods has changed the way individuals communicate with computers. Since Sutherland’s SketchPad in 1961 or Xerox’ Alto in 1973, computer users have long been acquainted with more than the traditional keyboard to interact with a system. More recently with the desire of increased productivity, of seamless interaction and immersion, of e-inclusion of people with disabilities, as well as with the progress in fields such as multimedia/multimodal signal analysis and humancomputer interaction, multimodal interaction has emerged as a very active field of research (e.g. [1] [2]). Multimodal interfaces are those encompassing more than the traditional keyboard and mouse. Natural input modes are put to use (e.g. [3], [4]), such as voice, gestures and body movement, haptic interaction, facial expressions and more recently physiological signals. As described in [5] multimodal interfaces should follow several guiding principles: multiple modalities that operate in different spaces need to share a common interaction space and to be synchronized; multimodal interaction should be predictable and not unnecessarily complex, and should degrade gracefully for instance by providing for modality switching; finally multimodal interfaces should adapt to user’s needs, abilities, environment. A key aspect in many multimodal interfaces is the integration of information from several different modalities in order to extract high-level information nonverbally conveyed by users or to identify cross-correlation between the different modalities. This information can then be used to transform one modality to another. The potential benefits of such modality transformations to applications for disabled users are very important since the disabled user may now perceive information that was not previously available, using an alternate communication channel. This implies that, e.g. blind users may become able to communicate with hearing impaired users, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Power Analysis Attack Based on FCM Clustering Algorithm

With the development of information technology over the world for decades, information security is called an important issue in today's society. As a hardware carrier for information security, cryptographic chips have become an important issue in academia. In this paper, we propose a power analysis attack based on FCM(Fuzzy C-Means) clustering algorithm. Our method clusters the energy traces according to their intrinsic similarity, and classifies the energy traces according to the Hamming distance energy model. The correct key is found by comparing the similarity between the clustering result and the classification result. In order to eliminate noises, ICA (Independent Component Analysis) is involved. The simulation experiment uses AES cipher algorithm as the attack object. HSPICE simulation is performed on the first round of 8-bit s-box circuit under 40nm process. Experimental results show that our method is effective.
Introducing the Learning Scorecard : a tool to improve the student learning experience

Elsa Cardoso, Daniela Costa, Diogo Santos Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) and INESC-ID, Av. Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal, elsa.cardoso@iscte.pt Instituto to Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal, dscaa1@iscte.pt Instituto to Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal, diogo_leo_santos@iscte.pt
Evolutionary Dynamics of the Obesity-Socioeconomic Status Paradox : A Veblenian Hypothesis ∗

In the traditional society, obesity is associated with high socioeconomic status (SES), while in the modern society, especially among women, it is associated with low SES, accompanying with the weight discrimination. We find these patterns consistent with the evolutionary dynamics based on a Veblenian hypothesis, in which body weight is used as the means of social class division. Given the changing incomes and relative costs of calories intake and expenditure, high-SES individuals choose a body weight to distinct themselves from the low-SES, and low-SES individuals try to imitate the high-SES while competing with each other. Our game-theoretical analysis predicts patterns supported by statistical and literature evidence of obesity-SES associations and social perceptions toward obesity. This is the first paper analyzing the evolution of obesity-SES paradox and the endogenous formation of the inter-class social norm within an integrated framework.
Interaction between Monetary and Fiscal Policy : Empirical Evidence from Algeria

The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamic interaction between monetary and fiscal policies in Algeria for the period of 1963-2017. First, we propose the reaction function between monetary and fiscal policies, and examined the nature of fiscal policies in Algeria using a vector Autoregression (VAR) model. The results provide evidence of a non-Ricardian fiscal policy in Algeria (a negative correlation between fiscal balances and government liability). These results suggest the validity of the fiscal theory of the price level determination, which postulates that changes in prices are driven by fiscal policies, and that the price level has to adjust to ensure equilibrium in private sector wealth, and government solvency. In the second exercise, we try to estimate the policy reaction function of the Central Bank of Algeria (Interest Rates equation) and Algerian government (fiscal balance equation) using ARDL model. The reaction function between fiscal and monetary authorities indicates that fiscal policy is not responsive to monetary policy during this period and monetary policy is responsive to the fiscal policy. Also, we test the deviation of both policies from the intended target (i.e., active or passive polices). The results show that fiscal policy has more deviations smaller than monetary policy (fiscal policy is more dominant for the case of Algeria). Further, the paper analyzes the interactions between monetary and fiscal policies by applying a State-space model with Markov-switching to estimate the time-varying parameters of the relationship. The evidence indicates that monetary and fiscal policies in Algeria have interacted in a counteractive manner for most of the sample period. With these results we identify a game where the fiscal authority plays first (or it is active) while the monetary authority have a passive behavior determining the debt levels to the prices given by the fiscal policy. This is favorable to the fiscal dominance.
Tectonics Drilling through the active Aigion Fault : the AIG 10 well observatory

The 1000 m-deep AIG10 borehole intersects the Aigion Fault within the limestone of the Pindos nappe at 760 m demonstrated that the fault is dipping 60 ◦ with respect to horizontal, an angle consistent with the strength characteristics fault material as determined in the laboratory. It does not seem to be listric, as suggested by the location of superficial m mic events. The fault is about 7 m thick, with a 50 cm core of clay derived from smeared radiolarite formation. The faul the basement rock by 150 ± 20 m and constitutes a hydraulic barrier that sustains a 0.5 MPa differential pressure. Be fault, a strongly karstified limestone has been encountered down to 1000 m. It is the site of a 0.9 MPa overpressure an no temperature gradient. Water geochemistry demonstrates the continental origin of this significant flow, which oblite regional heat flux. The present monitoring of downhole pressure yields data on tidal variations with a resolution of 1 /500 as well as pressure variations induced by teleseisms. Given preliminary results from 14C dating, the age of the fault is about 50 k and the mean slip rate equal about 3 . 5 mm yr−1. To cite this article: F.H. Cornet et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  2004 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
Switching Synchronization Phenomena of a Ring of Coupled Chaotic Circuits with One-Direction Time-Delayed Effects

Studies on synchronization state are extensively carried out in various fields [1]-[3]. Recently, in particular, the synchronization states in chaotic oscillators are studied by many researchers. The behavior of chaotic oscillators is interesting. Then, the chaos phenomena are quite dependent on initial values and not periodical and predictable. Moreover the synchronization states have caused very interesting phenomena. A synchronization and the related the bifurcation of chaotic systems are good methods to describe various high-dimensional nonlinear phenomena in the field of natural science. However, many synchronization states of coupled chaotic oscillators have not been solved yet. The synchronization phenomena in the electric circuit make clear the mechanism of the synchronization phenomena in our daily life. There are many nonlinear systems containing time delay, such as neural networks, control systems, meteorological systems, biological systems and so on in the natural world. Thus, the investigation of the stability in such time-delayed systems is important [4]. The generation of chaos has been reported in all self excited oscillation systems containing a time delay [5]. The oscillators have feedback systems which control gains in this study. Such a chaotic circuit can be easily realized by using a simple electric circuit element and can be analyzed exactly. The coupling switch connects alternately with one subcircuit and other with a fixed time interval. On the other hand, there are examples of nonlinear phenomena, chaotic synchronization and so on [6]. In particular, many studies on the synchronization of coupled chaotic circuits have been reported [7]. In this study, we devise the novel coupling method that takes advantage of the features of time-delayed chaotic circuits. The novel coupled method utilizes the characteristics of circuits having time-delayed feedback. Then, we observe switching the synchronization state. We carry out computer calculations for three coupled auto gain controlled oscillators and investigate time-delayed subcircuits effects a change of the synchronization state and the time waveform. The switching synchronization state is changed by each time-delayed subcircuit. We focus on relationships between the switching synchronization state and the pattern of time delay. Moreover, we investigate the cycle of the switching synchronization state.
Investigating the Applicability of Standard Software Packages for Laser Scanner Based Deformation Analyses

For analyzing area-based deformations of objects based on terrestrial laser scans, several methods exist. If there is no information about the object’s geometry, the deformations are analyzed in most cases based on point cloud differences revealed by scanning in two epochs. The point clouds are either compared directly or they are previously meshed or they are filtered based on geometric conditions. Standard software packages include these methods. After a theoretical introduction of these point cloud comparisons, they are analyzed in this study based on two examples: the deformation and the rigid body movement of a wooden plate and the deformation of a water dam. It is revealed that the methods are partially suited to analyze deformations; contrary, the analysis of rigid body movements does only succeed with limited validity. In all cases, the interpretation is only based on inspecting the image of point cloud differences; a statistical test judging the differences between two epochs is not performed.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Torch Ginger [ Etlingera elatior ( Jack ) R . M . Smith ] to Paclobutrazol Application

Absract The effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on morphological and physiological responses of torch ginger was investigated. After drenching once stem height, leaf size, guard cell density, guard cell size and number of chloroplast were recorded for various periods of time. At the first month after PBZ treatment all concentrations gave significant different in stem height. The maximum height of torch ginger at 23.70 cm was obtained from control treatment without PBZ. Increaseing in concentrations of PBZ caused the decrement in stem height. At the second month after drenching the decrement in stem height was clearly observed. Treated-plants with high concentrations of PBZ (200, 300 and 400 mg.L -1 ) had markedly slowed well in growth. The highest concentration of PBZ at 400 mg.L -1 gave the lowest height of torch ginger at 17.65 cm. Guard cell density was not significantly different between PBZ-treated and non treatedplants but non treated-plants gave higher density than those from treated-plants. For guard cell size PBZ at concentration of 400 mg.L -1 gave the highest width and length at 29.81 and 54.95 μm, respectively. This concentration of PBZ gave the highest number of chloroplasts at 31.67 cells as well.
Motor cortical activity related to the combined control of force and motion

Using tools, writing, and eating are all important behaviors that involve manipulating objects. Successful manipulation requires the control of both the force exerted on the object and its resultant motion. Both have been associated with neural activity in the motor cortex and we are interested in the extent to which neural firing rates in this brain region are related to their combined control. The mechanical relation between force and motion is impedance and we hypothesized that motor cortical activity encodes an impedance signal that reflects the force and motion demands of behavior. We examined this possibility with a paradigm in which subjects manipulated a handle that moved along a track. The handle was locked in place until the subject exerted enough force to cross a specific threshold; it was then released and moved along the track. We hypothesized that this ballistic-release task would encourage subjects to modify their arm impedance in anticipation of the upcoming movement. We modeled the behavior as a physical dynamical system and found that one component of model impedance, stiffness, varied in a way that matched the behavioral demands of the task and that stiffness could be dissociated from changes in force and displacement. We recorded activity from a population of motor cortical neurons and found that the temporal and time-averaged neural responses encoded information about motion and force. We also could decode model impedance parameters that we then used to approximate the time-varying force exerted on the handle. The force exerted on the handle and the model stiffness depended on muscle activity and we found components of muscle activity related to both force and model stiffness. Additional components of motor cortical activity were also related to both force and stiffness, suggesting a possible parceling of muscle-related representations in motor cortical activity. In addition to extending current models of neural activity to include manipulations, this study may be helpful in understanding how information encoded in motor cortical activity might be transformed into muscle activity during object interaction.
eview ecoding neighbour volatiles in preparation for future competition nd implications for tritrophic interactions

Plant volatile signals can provide important information about the physiological status and genetic identity of the emitter, and nearby plants can use this information to detect competitive neighbours. The novelty of these signals is that plants eavesdropping to volatiles of undamaged neighbours respond with typical competition responses, even before competition takes place, initiating specific growth responses that can increase their competitive capacity. This preparing for future competition mechanism affects the behaviour and abundance of herbivore pests and their natural enemies. Previously, such responses were
Transistor mismatch effect on common-mode gain of cross-coupled amplifie

In this paper, the analytical approach of MOS transistor mismatch effect on common-mode gain of cross-coupled amplifier is presented. Transconductance (MOS transistor parameter) mismatch effect on common-mode gain of cross-coupled amplifier was analyzed. This study was started with mathematical derivation for representing the mismatch effect of transconductance between 2 differential pairs of crosscoupled amplifier due to common-mode voltage. The derivation result was simulated based on Monte Carlo simulation with random transconductance mismatch rate from 0.05% until 1%. The common-mode gain increases 36.9 dB and average common-mode gain is -81.1 dB. The transconductance mismatch rate increases followed by increase in common-mode gain. The results can be used by circuit designers to design analog circuits, especially operational amplifier used for biosignals processing to minimize the common-mode gain of their circuits. This research presents aid to circuit designers to improve their circuits performance.
Standardized Patient Simulation Usage in Nursing Education and Evaluation of Outcomes by Kirkpatric Model Article Information

Conclusions: Not enough is known about the effects of integrating simulation methods into nursing education and the research dealing with the subject is deficient. This study revealed the need to include and examine all dimensions of the expected outcomes, especially at the third and fourth levels. The present findings may serve as a strong basis for providing literature-based evidence in future studies.
A Malware Detection Infrastructure System based on Stream Processing System

あらまし 多数のマルウェア検知手法を効率的に運用することは管理者にとっては容易ではない. なぜなら各手法は別のプログラムとして個別に実装されるからである. 個別実装には2つの問題が ある. 第一の問題は効率である. システムの入力であるパケットストリームは別々の形式で処理さ れるため,N個のプログラムに同じデータをフィードせざるを得ない. 第二の問題は運用である. プ ログラムの整理・起動が面倒であることに加えて,処理結果を受信するインタフェースが統一化され ていないため,処理結果を利用したプログラムの作成は複雑・困難となる. そこで本研究ではストリ ーム処理システムをベースにしたマルウェア検知基盤システムを提案する. 提案システムはパケッ トをリレーショナルストリームとしてモデル化することで,上記の効率に関する問題を解決する. 次に 提案システムは検知手法をSQLライクな問合せ言語により記述可能にする. これによりユーザは SQLを発行すれば結果をタプルストリームとして受信可能になるため,第二の問題は解決される.
Symmetry and its breaking in path integral approach to quantum Brownian motion

We study the Caldeira-Leggett model where a quantum Brownian particle interacts with an environment or a bath consisting of a collection of harmonic oscillators in the path integral formalism. Compared to the contours that the paths take in the conventional Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, the paths in our study are deformed in the complex time plane as suggested by the recent study [C. Aron, G. Biroli and L. F. Cugliandolo, SciPost Phys. 4, 008 (2018)]. This is done to investigate the connection between the symmetry properties in the Schwinger-Keldysh action and the equilibrium or non-equilibrium nature of the dynamics in an open quantum system. We derive the influence functional explicitly in this setting, which captures the effect of the coupling to the bath. We show that in equilibrium the action and the influence functional are invariant under a set of transformations of path integral variables. The fluctuation-dissipation relation is obtained as a consequence of this symmetry. When the system is driven by an external time-dependent protocol, the symmetry is broken. From the terms that break the symmetry, we derive a quantum Jarzynski-like equality for quantum mechanical work given as a function of fluctuating quantum trajectory. In the classical limit, the transformations becomes those used in the functional integral formalism of the classical stochastic thermodynamics to derive the classical fluctuation theorem.
Modelling Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange ( NEE ) of a Forest Ecosystem in Middle Europe

The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was modelled based on Eddy Covariance (EC) measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes above an old spruce stand at the Anchor Station Tharandt/Germany (since 1996) and long-term meteorological and hydrological observations of an adjacent water catchment (Wernersbach). The modelling itself is based on a regression analysis between the net CO2 exchange at the Anchor Station and the canopy conductance of the watershed on a daily scale. First model results that used a canopy conductance obtained from the Penman-Monteith equation could be improved by using the combined Shuttleworth-Wallace resistances. The model results are presented and compared with measured data and annual wood increments obtained from tree ring analysis. Results from this study suggest that a coupling of water and carbon cycle, or water vapour and carbon exchange, respectively, can prove to be a successful way of modelling the ecosystems carbon exchange.
TURUN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULUN JULKAISUJA PUBLICATIONS OF THE TURKU SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Investment decisions are especially crucial for an insurer with liabilities defined by law, since in this situation the management can control only the asset side of the balance sheet. We present in this paper a one-period diffusion model for assets and liabilities of a pension insurer managing a statutory pension scheme subject to statutory solvency constraints. By approximating probabilistic constraints suitably with piecewise polynomial functions, we construct a performance function which incorporates both the insurer’s risk preferences and solvency considerations, and derive the optimal control policy for assets using the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and the theory of forward–backward stochastic differential equations. We discuss some properties of the optimal policy and illustrate the model with a simulation example. As a special area of application we have in mind the Finnish statutory pension scheme.