Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Vehicle Positioning Accuracy Requirements for Communication-Based Cooperative Collision Warning

This article describes an analysis of the use of vehicle positioning and wireless communication technologies to implement collision warning systems without using direct ranging sensors. If the positions and velocities of the vehicles can be known to sufficient accuracy and can be communicated to neighboring vehicles, each vehicle can identify whether it is in danger of colliding with any other vehicle. The probability that useful warnings can be provided is calculated as a function of the accuracy of the vehicle position and velocity information that are available (from Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and wheel speed sensors, for example). The analyses are reported for forward collision warnings, lane change warnings, and several intersection conflict scenarios. The governing accuracy requirement for all but the intersection scenarios is associated with the need to assign the vehicles to the correct lanes, which requires a standard deviation of positioning accuracy of about 50 cm in order to support reliable and consistent warnings.
Collaborative naming in distributed systems

The process by which humans name objects is highly flexible and dynamic. This is particularly true of group work where common names for objects may be gradually established through the processes of proposal, translation and adoption. This paper introduces a naming model, for use mostly by humans, which supports this process of group naming and specifically allows names to be ambiguous and changeable. The model defines techniques for resolving names, translating names between different group members and proposing common names for objects within a group. The paper also discusses how individual naming contexts which support these facilities could be federated into a structured namespace and how the process of flexible name resolution can therefore be extended to large scale distributed environments. The resulting functionality contrasts strongly with existing, often hierarchical, naming models which deliberately attempt to reduce ambiguity of names and which provide minimal support for managing name changes. The intention is that the proposed naming model could be layered on top of existing naming services in order to provide additional human and group oriented support for naming.
An overview of a free–market approach to climate change and conservation

This paper describes the convergence of environmental and financial markets, reviews the evolution of market–based environmental programmes as an example of the seven–stage evolutionary process witnessed in a variety of markets and summarizes the emergence of greenhouse–gas–mitigation markets and their potential role in advancing land stewardship, biodiversity and other environmental services. Emissions trading has been developed to meet the demand to reduce pollution while avoiding economic disruption. Consistent with the seven–stage pattern of market evolution, the US programme to reduce the damage from acid rain established a standardized environmental commodity, developed ‘evidence of ownership’ necessary for financial instruments and provided the infrastructure to efficiently transfer title. The success of the system in reducing pollution at low cost has provided a model for other market–based environmental protection initiatives. The demand for cost–effective action to reduce the threat of climate change has initiated the same evolutionary process for markets to reduce greenhouse–gas emissions. Many of the land– and forest–management practices that can capture and store atmospheric CO2 can also provide other environmental benefits, such as biodiversity preservation and enhanced water quality. The presence of a carbon–trading market will introduce a clear financial value for capture and mitigation of CO2 emissions, thus introducing a new source of funding for land stewardship and forest rehabilitation. The market is now emerging through a variety of ‘bottom–up’ developments being undertaken through governmental, multilateral, private–sector and non–governmental–organization initiatives. The extension of markets to other emerging environmental issues is now underway, and the linkages between environmental sustainability and capital markets are being more deeply understood. The early evidence indicates that environmental sustainability can be compatible with maximization of shareholder value.
Fraud Detection: From Basic Techniques to a Multi-Agent Approach

According to KPMG figures, fraud represents a serious economical problem, which has been studied in different ways due to the fact that fraudsters are benefiting from the fast development of ICT and are developing their techniques. In this paper, after summarizing different fraud detection methods and tools proposed in the literature like meta-rules and tree-based detection, we will introduce a multi-agent system, called FIDES, which integrates the computational power of data mining tools and attack trees with experts' judgments negotiated through a Delphi-based system. Two scenarios are described: in the first one FIDES, supported by cause-effect diagrams, is used to classify alarms generated by the system to help the experts to focus on the real dangerous ones; in the second one FIDES is used in a proactive way in order to block or prevent human based frauds.
Troponin I and D-Dimer for Discriminating Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism from Myocardial Infarction

Background: Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) is a life-threatening condition, often manifesting with chest pain, dyspnea, and increased cardiac biomarkers including cardiac troponin I (CTI) and D-dimer. Therefore, APTE is often misdiagnosed with classical non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), resulting in unnecessary coronary interventions and a delay of therapy. Objectives: Our aim was to distinguish APTE from NSTEMI based on CTI and D-dimer levels. Methods: Complete clinical and laboratory data sets from APTE patients (n = 123) were compared with matched NSTEMI patients (n = 123) who presented with chest pain. The APTE diagnosis was confirmed by chest tomography, angiography, or radionuclide ventilation-perfusion scan, while NSTEMI was established by clinical symptoms, cardiac biomarkers, and coronary angiography. Clinical characteristics, CTI (initial and peak), and D-dimer levels at presentation were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The clinical characteristics were not different between APTE and NSTEMI patients. However, significantly lower initial CTI (0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 4.4 ± 9.5 ng/ml) and peak CTI (0.7 ± 2.7 vs. 17.1 ± 20.4 ng/ml), but higher initial D-dimer (9.8 ± 9.4 vs. 1.6 ± 3.6 ng/ml), distinguished APTE from NSTEMI. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff values for initial CTI, peak CTI, and D-dimer were 0.25, 0.98, and 3.18 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with APTE exhibited lower initial and peak CTI but higher D-dimer levels than NSTEMI patients. Assessing cardiac biomarkers is useful for differentiating APTE from NSTEMI. Further large randomized biomarker studies are urgently needed to facilitate a better APTE diagnosis since clinical characteristics are not particularly helpful.
A Novel Hybrid Binarization Technique for Images of Historical Arabic Manuscripts

In this paper, a novel binarization approach based on neutrosophic sets and sauvola’s approach is presented. This approach is used for historical Arabic manuscript images which have problems with types of noise. The input RGB image is changed into the NS domain, which is shown using three subsets, namely, the percentage of indeterminacy in a subset, the percentage of falsity in a subset and the percentage of truth in a subset. The entropy in NS is used for evaluating the indeterminacy with the most important operation ”λ mean” operation in order to minimize indeterminacy which can be used to reduce noise. Finally, the manuscript is binarized using an adaptive thresholding technique. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it preserves weak connections and provides smooth and continuous strokes. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated both objectively and subjectively against standard databases and manually collected data base. The proposed method gives high results compared with other famous binarization approaches.
Study on Real-time Detection of Alertness Based on EEG

Human alertness varies in tasks requiring sustained attention. This can lead to severe consequences in occupations like car traffic operation, air traffic control and nuclear power plant monitoring and so on. EEG that is the electrical activity of brain can reflect the state of alertness. In this paper, the present work aims at real-time estimation of alertness from EEG signals. We made subjects perform a test of variables of attention (TOVA) and recorded their response time that was selected as a metric to quantify the subject's performance. Synchronously, we acquired the EEG signals of the subjects during the whole test. We studied the correlation between EEG power spectrum and response time, and used the power spectrum to construct the models of estimation alertness for single subjects by means of support vector machines method. The experimental results show the possibility of using EEG signals to real-time estimation alertness. We conclude that the method is helpful for the construct of the practical real-time detection system to alertness.
Video de-abstraction or how to save money on your wedding video

There exist an increasing body of work dealing with video still abstraction, the extraction of representative still images from a video sequence. This work focuses in the other direction: given a video abstract and raw unedited video data, we produce an edited video. We focus on the application of generating wedding videos. We use the existing wedding photo album as an abstract, and produce an edited wedding video from it. The photo album serves us in determining importance of raw shots, as well as style and order.
Correlation Between Hyperlipemia and Erythrocytes Indexes

There are few reports that show hyperlipedimia can be cause of erroneous results in the automated cell counters with spurious increased or decreased red blood cell indexes. In this study, we investigated whether increased serum triglyceride or cholesterol concentration can alter red blood cell indices or not. Laboratory results of 1050 outpatient, which included complete blood cell count (erythrocyte indexes), cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood sugar, were collected. Results of diabetic and anemic patients omitted due to their possible influence on erythrocyte indexes. Laboratory results were analyzed by nonparametric Spearman's method. Serum triglyceride level had a positive correlation with MCHC along with cholesterol level. However, there was no correlation with MCV and MCH. Furthermore we did not find any correlation between cholesterol and erythrocyte indexes. This study showed that hypertriglyceridemia significantly increased MCHC. We did not detect any correlation between hypercholesterolemia and erythrocytes indices.
Acquiring 3D object models from specular motion using circular lights illumination

This work recovers 3D graphics models of objects with specular surfaces. An object is rotated and continuous images of it are taken. Circular lights that generate cones of rays are used to illuminate the rotating object. When the lights are properly set each point on the object can be highlighted during the rotation. The shape for each rotational plane is measured independently using its corresponding epipolar plane image. A 3D graphics model is subsequently reconstructed by combining shapes at different rotation planes. Computing a shape is simple and requires only the motion of the highlight on each rotation plane. Results not obtained before are given in the 3D shape recovery experiments on real objects.
Difficulties in Simulating the Inter net SallyFloyd andVernPaxson

Simulatinghow theglobalInternetbehavesis animmensely challengingundertakingbecauseof thenetwork’s greatheterogeneityandrapidchange.Theheterogeneityrangesfrom the individual links that carry the network’s traffic, to the protocolsthatinteroperateoverthelinks, to the“mix” of differentapplicationsusedat a site, to the levelsof congestion seenon different links. We discusstwo key strategies for developingmeaningfulsimulationsin the faceof thesedifficulties: searchingfor invariants,andjudiciouslyexploring thesimulationparameterspace.We finish with a brief look at a collaborati ve effort within the researchcommunityto developa commonnetwork simulator .
Microbial Quality and Direct PCR Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Nonpathogenic Staphylococci from Artisanal Low-Acid Sausages

Detection of six species of lactic acid bacteria and six species of gram-positive catalase-positive cocci from low-acid fermented sausages (fuets and chorizos) was assessed by species-specific PCR. Without enrichment, Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus curvatus were detected in 11.8% of the samples, and Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus xylosus were detected in 17.6%. Enriched samples allowed the detection of L. sakei and S. xylosus in all of the samples (100%) and of Enterococcus faecium in 11.8% of the sausages. The percentages of L. curvatus, L. plantarum, Staphylococcus carnosus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis varied depending on the sausage type. L. curvatus was detected in 80% of fuets and in 57% of chorizos. L. plantarum was found in 50% of fuets and 100% of chorizos. S. epidermidis was detected in only 11.8% of fuets, and S. carnosus was detected in only 5.9% of chorizos. Lactococcus lactis, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus simulans were not detected in any sausage type. From a microbiological point of view, 70.6% of the samples could be considered of high quality, as they had low counts of Enterobacteriaceae and did not contain any of the food-borne pathogens assayed.
Using Landscape Limnology to Classify Freshwater Ecosystems for Multi-ecosystem Management and Conservation

Governmental entities are responsible for managing and conserving large numbers of lake, river, and wetland ecosystems that can be addressed only rarely on a case-by-case basis. We present a system for predictive classification modeling, grounded in the theoretical foundation of landscape limnology, that creates a tractable number of ecosystem classes to which management actions may be tailored. We demonstrate our system by applying two types of predictive classification modeling approaches to develop nutrient criteria for eutrophication management in 1998 north temperate lakes. Our predictive classification system promotes the effective management of multiple ecosystems across broad geographic scales by explicitly connecting management and conservation goals to the classification modeling approach, considering multiple spatial scales as drivers of ecosystem dynamics, and acknowledging the hierarchical structure of freshwater ecosystems. Such a system is critical for adaptive management of complex mosaics of freshwater ecosystems and for balancing competing needs for ecosystem services in a changing world.
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Girls Aged 14–18 Years in Isfahan, Iran

Objective: To determine the prevalence of clinical polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in 14- to 18-year-old high school girls in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,000 high school girls (14–18 years old) were selected by multi-stage random sampling from different high schools in Isfahan. Following physical examination, a single physician recorded the presence of hirsutism, severe acne, androgenic alopecia, menstrual dysfunction and obesity using a validated questionnaire. Clinical PCOS was diagnosed if menstrual dysfunction and clinical hyperandrogenism were detected. Results: Clinical PCOS was present in 30 (3%), hirsutism in 60 (6%), menstrual dysfunction in 74 (7.4%) and severe acne in 47 (4.7%) of the population studied. Conclusion: The prevalence of clinical PCOS in our study population was similar to those of other studies; however, the prevalence could have been higher with hormonal assessment.
INTEGRAL OPERATORS IN GENERALIZED MORREY SPACES DEFINED ON METRIC MEASURE SPACES

We derive some necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of fractional integral operators in generalized Morrey spaces defined on metric measure spaces. îâäæñéâ. áŽéðçæùâIJñèæŽ äëéæŽê éâðîæçñè ïæãîùââIJäâ àŽêïŽäôãîñèæ àŽêäëàŽáëâIJñè ûæèŽáñîæ æêðâàîŽèñîæ ëìâîŽðëîæï öâéëïŽäôãîñèëIJæï ŽñùæèâIJâèæ áŽ ïŽçéŽîæïæ ìæîëIJâIJæ.
Anti-Lyssaviral Activity of Interferons κ and ω from the Serotine Bat, Eptesicus serotinus

ABSTRACT Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines produced by host cells in response to the infection with pathogens. By binding to the corresponding receptors, IFNs trigger different pathways to block intracellular replication and growth of pathogens and to impede the infection of surrounding cells. Due to their key role in host defense against viral infections, as well as for clinical therapies, the IFN responses and regulation mechanisms are well studied. However, studies of type I IFNs have mainly focused on alpha interferon (IFN-α) and IFN-β subtypes. Knowledge of IFN-κ and IFN-ω is limited. Moreover, most studies are performed in humans or mouse models but not in the original host of zoonotic pathogens. Bats are important reservoirs and transmitters of zoonotic viruses such as lyssaviruses. A few studies have shown an antiviral activity of IFNs in fruit bats. However, the function of type I IFNs against lyssaviruses in bats has not been studied yet. Here, IFN-κ and IFN-ω genes from the European serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus, were cloned and functionally characterized. E. serotinus IFN-κ and IFN-ω genes are intronless and well conserved between microchiropteran species. The promoter regions of both genes contain essential regulatory elements for transcription factors. In vitro studies indicated a strong activation of IFN signaling by recombinant IFN-ω, whereas IFN-κ displayed weaker activation. Noticeably, both IFNs inhibit to different extents the replication of different lyssaviruses in susceptible bat cell lines. The present study provides functional data on the innate host defense against lyssaviruses in endangered European bats. IMPORTANCE We describe here for the first time the molecular and functional characterization of two type I interferons (IFN-κ and -ω) from European serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus). The importance of this study is mainly based on the fact that very limited information about the early innate immune response against bat lyssaviruses in their natural host serotine bats is yet available. Generally, whereas the antiviral activity of other type I interferons is well studied, the functional involvement of IFN-κ and -ω has not yet been investigated.
Stem Rust of Wheat 3300 Years Old Found in Israel

A fungus parasite observed on two ancient lemma fragments of wheat was identified as Puccinia graminis. The fragments were found in a storage jar from the Late Bronze Age excavated at Tel Batash, Israel, Uredia, hyphae, and germinating uredospores, though charred, were well preserved.
User-mode Linux as a Platform for Grid Computing. An Approach to Secure Resource Sharing Using Virtual Resources

ABSTRACT Grid computing is a computer infrastructure with the focus on large-scale resourcesharing among so-called Virtual Organizations (VO). The aim of research focus in this field is to cope with all technological problems that might occur in order to provide a secure, uniform and transparent access to resources being connected by a network. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method that provides secure access to computer resources which are in idle state inside the network of an organization. Our approach is based on connected homogeneous Linux-based virtual machines being able to virtualize the heterogeneous resources that are available.
TDP1 serine 81 promotes interaction with DNA ligase IIIα and facilitates cell survival following DNA damage

Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1) is a DNA 3'-end processing enzyme that preferentially hydrolyses the bond between the 3'-end of DNA and stalled DNA topoisomerase 1. The importance of TDP1 is highlighted by its association with the human genetic disease spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1). TDP1 comprises of a highly conserved C-terminus phosphodiesterase domain and a less conserved N-terminus tail. The importance of the N-terminus domain was suggested by its interaction with Lig3α. Here we show that this interaction is promoted by serine 81 that is located within a putative S/TQ site in the N-terminus domain of TDP1. Although mutation of serine 81 to alanine had no impact on TDP1 activity in vitro and had little impact on the ability of TDP1 to mediate the rapid repair of CPT- or IR-induced DNA breaks in vivo, it led to marked reduction of protein stability. Moreover, it reduced the ability of TDP1 to promote cell survival following genotoxic stress. Together, our findings identify a novel mechanism for regulating TDP1 function in mammalian cells that is not directly related to its enzymatic activity.
A Gaussian Sum Method to Analyze Bounded Acceleration Guidance Systems

To analyze a highly nonlinear dynamical system, it is necessary to evaluate the time evolution of the probability density function (pdf) of the states. In this paper, a novel Gaussian sum method is proposed to approximate the non-Gaussian pdf of a dynamical system whose nonlinear elements depend only on a single state variable. Using the Chapman–Kolmogorov equation, a set of recursive equations is derived to propagate the mean, covariance, and weight of the Gaussian sum components. There are several multiple integrals in the recursive equations which are analytically reduced to single integrals. As an application, the proposed approach is applied to statistically analyze the engagement of two pursuers with bounded acceleration against a randomly step evader maneuver. Pursuers are assumed to use the zero-lag version of the recently developed optimal cooperative guidance law (OCGL) or the well-known proportional navigation (PN). The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is equivalent to Monte Carlo simulation which requires extensive computational effort. Utilizing the proposed analytical Gaussian sum method, OCGL and PN are statistically investigated and compared with each other. The results demonstrate that OCGL is superior to PN, especially when the guidance system is highly in saturation.
Characteristics of Edge-Emitting Bragg Reflection Waveguide Lasers

We demonstrate experimentally the stable continuous-wave (CW) single-mode operation of Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW) lasers from 10 to 100°C. The threshold characteristics, quantum efficiency, gain, and self-heating characteristics are investigated in detail. Threefold enhancement in the optical confinement is achieved using these BRW structures for a core width two times that of their edge-emitting total internal reflection counterparts. The device shows also the high gain and characteristic temperature (~197 K) under CW operation from 10 to 100°C. The mode stability is analyzed by the calculated mode reflection spectrum, injection-current-dependent lasing spectrum, and near-field patterns.
Room temperature direct bonding and debonding of polyimide film on glass wafer using Si intermediate layer

In this study we succeeded in bonding and debonding polyimide films on glass wafers directly by using Si intermediate layer at room temperature for TFT fabrication. The Si layer was deposited on polyimide films and glass wafers by Ar ion beam sputtering, and then film and wafer ware brought into contact and pressed in high vacuum. The bonding strength can be controlled by the bonding condition such as Si layer thickness and Fe nano-adhesion layers. As a result, the polyimide film can be peeled off from glass wafer by reasonable force. Additionally, we made TFT on polyimide films after bonding and confirmed that the electric property of the TFT did not deteriorate after peeling.