Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EL PROCESAMIENTO DE LAS RELACIONES LÉXICAS

En este trabajo analizamos las relaciones lexicas tomando como punto de partida el principio de contraste, por constituir este el eje central sobre el que estas relaciones se articulan tanto en los desarrollos de Linguistica general como en los de Psicolinguistica. Con objeto de profundizar en el procesamiento de la antonimia, la parasinonimia y la hiperonimia-hiponimia, tras llevar a cabo un examen de las ventajas e inconvenientes de los enfoques lexico y conceptual, proponemos aqui una caracterizacion psicolinguistica de estas, basada, especialmente, en la indagacion de los dominios cognitivos implicados en ellas y en la actuacion de una serie de mecanismos conceptuales, entre los que destaca la habilidad de focalizacion. Las diferencias observadas respecto al funcionamiento de estas relaciones en los ambitos de la lengua y del hablar se ven reforzadas por los datos procedentes de la investigacion de los procesos de adquisicion, comprension y produccion lexicas.
Ebola Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Display Late Cell Entry Kinetics: Evidence that Transport to NPC1+ Endolysosomes Is a Rate-Defining Step

ABSTRACT Ebola virus (EBOV) causes hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates. During cellular entry, the virus is internalized by macropinocytosis and trafficked through endosomes until fusion between the viral and an endosomal membrane is triggered, releasing the RNA genome into the cytoplasm. We found that while macropinocytotic uptake of filamentous EBOV viruslike particles (VLPs) expressing the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) occurs relatively quickly, VLPs only begin to enter the cytoplasm after a 30-min lag, considerably later than particles bearing the influenza hemagglutinin or GP from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, which enter through late endosomes (LE). For EBOV, the long lag is not due to the large size or unusual shape of EBOV filaments, the need to prime EBOV GP to the 19-kDa receptor-binding species, or a need for unusually low endosomal pH. In contrast, since we observed that EBOV entry occurs upon arrival in Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1)-positive endolysosomes (LE/Lys), we propose that trafficking to LE/Lys is a key rate-defining step. Additional experiments revealed, unexpectedly, that severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) S-mediated entry also begins only after a 30-min lag. Furthermore, although SARS does not require NPC1 for entry, SARS entry also begins after colocalization with NPC1. Since the only endosomal requirement for SARS entry is cathepsin L activity, we tested and provide evidence that NPC1+ LE/Lys have higher cathepsin L activity than LE, with no detectable activity in earlier endosomes. Our findings suggest that both EBOV and SARS traffic deep into the endocytic pathway for entry and that they do so to access higher cathepsin activity. IMPORTANCE Ebola virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus that causes high fatality rates when it spreads from zoonotic vectors into the human population. Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) causes severe respiratory distress in infected patients. A devastating outbreak of EBOV occurred in West Africa in 2014, and there was a significant outbreak of SARS in 2003. No effective vaccine or treatment has yet been approved for either virus. We present evidence that both viruses traffic late into the endocytic pathway, to NPC1+ LE/Lys, in order to enter host cells, and that they do so to access high levels of cathepsin activity, which both viruses use in their fusion-triggering mechanisms. This unexpected similarity suggests an unexplored vulnerability, trafficking to NPC1+ LE/Lys, as a therapeutic target for SARS and EBOV.
Laxatives for the management of constipation in palliative care patients.

BACKGROUND Constipation is a common problem for palliative care patients which can generate considerable suffering for patients due to both the unpleasant physical symptoms and psychological preoccupations that can arise. There is uncertainty about the 'best' management of constipation in palliative care patients and variation in practice between palliative care settings. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of laxative administration for the management of constipation in palliative care patients, and the differential efficacy of the laxatives used to manage constipation. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched The Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue four, 2005), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2005), EMBASE (1980 to January 2005), CANCERLIT, PUBMED, Science Citation Index, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, SIGLE, NTIS, DHSS-DATA, Dissertation Abstracts, Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings and NHS-NRR and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing laxatives for constipation in palliative care patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted patient-reported data measuring changes in stool frequency and ease of passing stools, using objective and validated scales. Tolerance or adverse effects of laxatives used were also sought. The appropriateness of synthesizing data from the controlled trials depended upon the clinical and statistical homogeneity of studies identified. If the controlled trials were homogeneous, a meta-analysis would be attempted. MAIN RESULTS Four trials involving 280 people were included. Between these trials, the laxatives lactulose; senna; danthron combined with poloxamer (Co-danthramer); Misrakasneham; magnesium hydroxide combined with liquid paraffin (Milpar) were evaluated. All four trials included number and frequency of bowel movements and relative ease of defecation as part of the assessment of laxative efficacy. All of the laxatives demonstrated a limited level of efficacy, although a significant number of participants required rescue laxatives in each of the studies. The only significantly different treatments were in the trial where lactulose plus senna were more effective than danthron combined with poloxamer. Patient preference did not favour either treatment option. Other related systematic reviews have similarly identified that there is a lack of evidence to support the use of one laxative, or combination of laxatives, over another. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The treatment of constipation in palliative care is based on inadequate experimental evidence, such that there are insufficient RCT data. Recommendations for laxative use can be related to costs as much as to efficacy. There have been few comparative studies, equally there have been few direct comparisons between different classes of laxative and between different combinations of laxatives. There persists an uncertainty about the 'best' management of constipation in this group of patients.
Capacity Analysis of Cognitive Relay Networks with the PU's Interference

In this letter, with the primary user's (PU's) interference, we investigate the performance of the secondary user (SU) in spectrum sharing cognitive relay networks. Considering the correlation among the received interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) at the relays and SU destination, closed-form expressions for the outage probability and capacity of the SU are derived. It is shown that, though the interference from the PU badly degrades the SU's performance, an increase of the number of relays can compensate the loss. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate our theoretical analysis.
The Creation of Inequality. How Our Prehistoric Ancestors Set the Stage for Monarchy, Slavery and Empire

tionaler Fachtagung (Humboldt-Kolleg) in Provadia, Bulgarien (30 September–4 October 2010). Provadia: Veliko Tarnovo. Olivier, L. & Kovacik, J. 2006. The ‘Briquetage de la Seille’ (Lorraine, France): Proto-Industrial Salt Production in the European Iron Age. Antiquity, 80:558–66. Reinecke, A. & Nguyen, T.T. L. 2008. ‘Salz so weiß wie Schnee’ – Auf den Spuren früher Salzsieder in Südvietnam. Archäologie in Deutschland, 3:12–17. Saile, T. 2000. Salz im ur – und frühgeschichtlichen Mitteleuropa – Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 81:129–234. Tijani, M.N. & Loehnert, E.P. 2004. Exploitation and Traditional Processing Techniques of Brine Salt in Parts of the Benue-Trough, Nigeria. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 74:157–67. Weller, O. ed. 2002. Archéologie du Sel: Techniques et Sociétés dans la Préet Protohistoire européenne. Actes du Colloque International, XIVe Congrès UISPP (Liège, sept 2001) et de la Table Ronde du Comité des Salines de France (Paris, mai 1998). Rahden: Marie Leidorf GmbH, Internationale Archäologie. Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Symposium, Tagung, Kongress 3. Weller, O. , Dufraisse, A. & Petrequin, P. eds. 2008. Sel, Eau et Forêt : D'Hier à Aujourd'hui. Actes du Colloque International de la Saline Royale d'Arc-et-Senans, Octobre 2006. Besançon: Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté. Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Ledoux, 12 (coll. Homme et environnement 1).
Design of Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Motors With Minimum Torque Ripple

This paper presents a design approach for doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) motors, aiming to minimize the torque ripple. The key is to propose the design criteria that the reluctance of all magnetic paths is the same, and the armature windings can be artfully connected to compensate the variation of self-inductance. Based on these criteria, the magnetic characteristics become symmetric, and the variation of self inductance is suppressed. Thus, the resulting torque ripple can be minimized. By using the time-stepping finite element method, the proposed DSPM motor and the existing DSPM motor are quantitatively compared in terms of their back-EMFs, self-inductances, and torque ripples, hence confirming the validity of the proposed design approach.
Estrogen upregulation of BRCA1 expression with no effect on localization

Alterations in the expression of the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 may contribute to the development of mammary and ovarian neoplasia. The sex‐steroid estrogen modulates cell proliferation of normal and neoplastic breast and ovarian epithelial cells, but the role of estrogen regulation on the expression of BRCA1 remains to be defined. In this study, estrogen‐regulated BRCA1 expression was examined in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Estrogen stimulated the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast MCF‐7, C7‐MCF‐7, and ovarian BG‐1 cells as well as the expression of the estrogen‐inducible pS2 gene. This was concomitant with upregulation of BRCA1 mRNA (2.5‐ to 5.0‐fold) and a 3‐ to 10‐fold induction of BRCA1 protein (230 kDa). Cell fractionation studies localized the BRCA1 protein to the nucleus in both unstimulated and estrogen‐stimulated cells. The antiestrogen ICI‐182780 inhibited estrogen‐induced cell proliferation, BRCA1 mRNA induction, and BRCA1 protein expression in ER‐positive cells. Conversely, estrogen did not influence expression of BRCA1 in HBL‐100 cells that lacked the estrogen receptor, although the constitutive levels of BRCA1 mRNA (but not protein) in these cells were 5‐ to 30‐fold higher than in other breast and ovarian cancer cells. Secretion of the BRCA1 protein into the cell medium did not account for the discrepancy between the mRNA and protein levels in HBL‐100 cells. Proliferation of HBL‐100 cells was not affected by either estrogen or ICI‐182780. Taken together, these data support a role for the steroid estrogen and the involvement of the estrogen receptor pathway in the modulation of expression of BRCA1. We therefore propose that stimulation of cell proliferation may be a prerequisite for upregulation of BRCA1 in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Mol. Carcinog. 22:102–109, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Bandwidth Improvement of CMOS-APD With Carrier-Acceleration Technique

We present a silicon avalanche photodetector (APD) based on multiple P+/N-well junctions fabricated in standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In order to overcome the photodetection-bandwidth limitation of the CMOS-APD based on P+/N-well junction, carrier-acceleration technique is proposed. With this technique, the photogenerated carriers in the charge-neutral N-well region are accelerated by the extrinsic electric field. To induce the extrinsic electric field inside N-well, the CMOS-APD is designed with multiple junctions to reduce the distance between two different N-well biasing contacts. Its performance is simulated and measured with different bias voltages applied to N-well, and it is demonstrated that the CMOS-APD with the carrier-acceleration technique provides higher photodetection bandwidth.
Whole Cinnamon and Aqueous Extracts Ameliorate Sucrose-Induced Blood Pressure Elevations in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Objective: Many agents (nutrients, nutraceuticals, and drugs) that enhance insulin sensitivity and/or reduce circulating insulin concentrations lower blood pressure (BP). Recently, it was reported that cinnamon has the potential to favorably influence the glucose/insulin system. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of dietary cinnamon on systolic BP (SBP), and various glucose- and insulin-related parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: In a series of three experiments, treated SHR eating sucrose and non sucrose containing diets were given various amounts of cinnamon, cinnamon extracts, or chromium. Then various parameters such as: body weight, systolic blood pressure, hematology and blood chemistries were followed for three to four weeks. Results: Diets high in sucrose content are associated with insulin resistance and the elevation of SBP. Addition to diets of cinnamon (8% w/w) reduced the SBP of rats eating sucrose containing diets to virtually the same levels as SHR consuming non sucrose containing (only starch) diets. The presence of cinnamon in the diet also decreased the SBP of SHR consuming a non sucrose-containing diet, suggesting that cinnamon reduces more than just sucrose-induced SBP elevations—perhaps a genetic component(s) of the elevated BP as well. The effects of cinnamon on SBP tended to be dose-dependent. Cinnamon did not decrease the levels of blood glucose, but did lower circulating insulin concentrations. Aqueous extracts of cinnamon also decreased SBP and lowered the circulating levels of fructosamine. Conclusions: Cinnamon is used for flavor and taste in food preparation, but cinnamon may have additional roles in glucose metabolism and BP regulation. Therefore, BP regulation may not only be influenced favorably by limiting the amounts of dietary substances that have negative effects on BP and insulin function but also by the addition of beneficial ones, such as cinnamon, that have positive effects.
Clinical trial design: horses for courses

Fleischhacker and Goodwin contribute to the ongoing debate around the relative value of so-called “efficacy” and “effectiveness” trials. Comparisons between trials need to take into account the fact that different trials are designed to answer different clinical questions and that methodological choices inevitably involve compromises 1 - 2. Various approaches to describing the different priorities, and designs, of clinical trials have been suggested: e.g., explanatory vs. pragmatic 3, practical vs. large simple vs. efficacy 2 and large simple vs. small complex 4.
The effect of changing demographic composition on recent trends in underemployment

The effect of changing age-sex composition on trends in unemployment and underemployment from 1969 to 1980 is estimated. This effect is positive as anticipated, but negligible in both absolute and relative terms. For example, no more than . 35 percent of the increase in unemployment between 1969 and 1980 can be attributed to compositional factors. The secular rise in unemployment and underemployment from the late 1960s into the 1980s simply cannot be attributed in any substantial way to the changing demographic composition of the labor force.
De l’ethnographie au design, du terrain à la création : tactiques de traduction

La notion de design centre-utilisateur renvoie aux approches de conception de produits, d’interfaces et de services potentiellement mieux adaptes aux personnes susceptibles de les utiliser. A cet effet, l’ethnographie, dans sa dimension methodologique liee a l’etude de terrain, a ete mobilisee par des designers. Or, si les demarches d’observation et d’entretien sont bien documentees dans la litterature, les manieres d’utiliser le materiau produit dans un contexte de creation sont rarement abordees. En s’appuyant sur une etude realisee aupres de designers d’interaction, cet article aborde la traduction des resultats du terrain dans le projet de design.
Severity of brain injury following neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and outcome at age 5 years

Neurodevelopmental evaluation in childhood provides an opportunity to study complex neurological compensation following documented neonatal brain injury, and furnishes important clinical information which may have an impact on patient care. We studied 152 term children treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as neonates and who received routine neonatal neuroimaging and comprehensive neurodevelopmental evaluation at age 5 years. The cohort was divided into four groups based on an independent neuroimaging score: No lesion, N=88; Mild lesion, N=38; Moderate lesion, N= 12; and Severe lesion, N=14. Standardized testing at age 5 included complete neuropsychological assessment, neurological evaluation, and assessment of motor function. All testing was conducted without knowledge of the neuroimaging score. The occurrence of disability by severity of neuroimaging was: No lesion=10%; Mild=13%; Moderate=33%; Severe=57%. The relative risk within the ECMO population for disability at age 5 after moderate or severe neonatal lesion was 4.3 (CI=1.0 to 17.5) and 11.7 (CI=3.3 to 41.3), respectively. The remaining non‐disabled children who had moderate to severe lesions functioned within normal limits. Severity of neonatal neuroimaging was inversely associated with IQ scores, pre‐academic skills, and neuromotor function. The effect size was small but the rank order was predictable. Our data identify in 5‐year‐old children an impact of brain lesion severity demonstrated on routine neonatal neuroimaging. The results indicate potential compensation following moderate and severe lesions, and suggest a subtle but consistent influence of even mild neonatal brain injury.
A Neural Model for Joint Event Detection and Summarization

Twitter new event detection aims to identify ﬁrst stories in a tweet stream. Typical approaches consider two sub tasks. First, it is necessary to ﬁlter out mundane or irrelevant tweets. Second, tweets are grouped automatically into event clusters. Traditionally, these two sub tasks are processed separately, and integrated under a pipeline setting, despite that there is inter-dependence between the two tasks. In addition, one further related task is summarization, which is to extract a succinct summary for representing a large group of tweets. Sum-marization is related to detection, under the new event setting in that salient information is universal between event representing tweets and informative event summaries. In this paper, we build a joint model to ﬁlter, cluster, and summarize the tweets for new events. In particular, deep representation learning is used to vectorize tweets, which serves as basis that connects tasks. A neural stacking model is used for integrating a pipeline of different sub tasks, and for better sharing between the predecessor and successors. Experiments show that our proposed neural joint model is more effective compared to its pipeline baseline.
Adjuvant intra‐arterial injection of iodine‐131–labeled lipiodol after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma

The high rate of recurrence after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major therapeutic challenge. Postoperative injection of 131‐iodine‐labeled lipiodol (131I‐Lip) into the hepatic artery has been proposed as adjuvant treatment (Lau et al.). We analyzed 2 retrospective series of matched patients treated in our unit before and after addition of 131I‐Lip adjuvant therapy to our standard surgical strategy. Thirty‐eight patients who had undergone surgical resection of HCC after January 1999 were given adjuvant intra‐arterial injection of 131I‐Lip after surgery. These patients were matched with 38 other patients who had undergone surgical resection only between January 1997 and January 1999. The frequency of recurrences, disease‐free rates, and overall survival rates were compared. The 2 groups were similar for clinical, biologic, or histologic parameters studied and Cancer Liver Italian Program scores. There were 15 recurrences in the group without adjuvant treatment and 9 in the group with 131I‐Lip adjuvant treatment. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year disease‐free survival rates (±95% confidence interval) were different (P < .02): 94.7% ± 3.6%, 83.7% ± 6.1%, and 68.4% ± 9.7%, respectively, in the 131I‐Lip group versus 73.7% ± 7.1%, 54.3% ± 8.2%, and 41.5% ± 10.5% in the surgery group. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates (±95% confidence interval) also were different (P < .02): 94.7% ± 3.6%, 91.7% ± 4.6%, and 91.7% ± 4.6%, respectively, in the 131I‐Lip group versus 94.7% ± 3.6%, 71.3% ± 7.8%, and 49.9% ± 10% in the surgery group. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis supports the promising contribution of postoperative injection of 131I‐Lip after resection of HCC. A randomized study including more patients would be necessary to confirm its contribution to therapeutic management.
Improved Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection by Multiplex PCR of Sonication Fluid from Removed Implants

ABSTRACT The microbiological diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is crucial for successful antimicrobial treatment. Cultures have limited sensitivity, especially in patients receiving antibiotics. We evaluated the value of multiplex PCR for detection of microbial DNA in sonication fluid from removed orthopedic prostheses. Cases of PJI in which the prosthesis (or part of it) was removed were prospectively included. The removed implant was sonicated, and the resulting sonication fluid was cultured and subjected to multiplex PCR. Of 37 PJI cases (17 hip prostheses, 14 knee prostheses, 4 shoulder prostheses, 1 elbow prosthesis, and 1 ankle prosthesis), pathogens were identified in periprosthetic tissue in 24 (65%) cases, in sonication fluid in 23 (62%) cases, and by multiplex PCR in 29 (78%) cases. The pathogen was detected in 5 cases in sonication fluid only (Propionibacterium acnes in all cases; none of these patients had previously received antibiotics) and in 11 cases by multiplex PCR only (all of these patients had previously received antibiotics). After exclusion of 8 cases caused by P. acnes or Corynebacterium species, which cannot be detected due to the absence of specific primers in the PCR kit, sonication cultures were positive in 17 cases and multiplex PCR sonication cultures were positive in 29 cases (59% versus 100%, respectively; P < 0.01). Among 19 cases (51%) receiving antibiotics, multiplex PCR was positive in all 19 (100%), whereas sonication cultures grew the organism in 8 (42%) (P < 0.01). Multiplex PCR of sonication fluid is a promising test for diagnosis of PJI, particularly in patients who previously received antibiotics. With modified primer sets, multiplex PCR has the potential for further improvement of the diagnosis of PJI.