Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The decoding of a format : examples from music radio productions in Sweden and Estonia

Radio as technology and cultural form has played an important role in the constructions of national, regional and local political consciousnesses, throughout the world and over the 20th century. Radio has also had an essential position in the (re)creations and (re)presentations of communicative modes and ideals. It has also been partaking in time and space formations as well as identities and structures of everyday life in modernity (for example Durham Peters 1999 ; Scannell 1996 ; Thompson 1995 ; Williams 1975). Correspondingly, the fi eld of radio research has been comprehensive and wide-ranging. Although with some bias towards a westernised or Anglo-Saxon perspective focused on national (public service) broadcasting. Within this context radio’s role in society has often been understood as consisting of the transporting of particular programs partaking in the creation and mediation of a public sphere. Or it has been seen as a
A comment on the quantitative significance of aerobic methane release by plants.

A recent study by Keppler et al. (2006; Nature 439, 187-191) demonstrated CH4 emission from living and dead plant tissues under aerobic conditions. This work included some calculations to extrapolate the findings from the laboratory to the global scale and led various commentators to question the value of planting trees as a greenhouse mitigation option. The experimental work of Keppler et al. (2006) appears to be largely sound, although some concerns remain about the quantification of emission rates. However, whilst accepting their basic findings, we are critical of the method used for extrapolating results to a global scale. Using the same basic information, we present alternative calculations to estimate global aerobic plant CH4 emissions as 10-60 Mt CH4 year-1. This estimate is much smaller than the 62-236 Mt CH4 year-1 reported in the original study and can be more readily reconciled within the uncertainties in the established sources and sinks in the global CH4 budget. We also assessed their findings in terms of their possible relevance for planting trees as a greenhouse mitigation option. We conclude that consideration of aerobic CH4 emissions from plants would reduce the benefit of planting trees by between 0 and 4.4%. Hence, any offset from CH4 emission is small in comparison to the significant benefit from carbon sequestration. However, much critical information is still lacking about aerobic CH4 emission from plants. For example, we do not yet know the underlying mechanism for aerobic CH4 emission, how CH4 emissions change with light, temperature and the physiological state of leaves, whether emissions change over time under constant conditions, whether they are related to photosynthesis and how they relate to the chemical composition of biomass. Therefore, the present calculations must be seen as a preliminary attempt to assess the global significance from a basis of limited information and are likely to be revised as further information becomes available.
Research on Verification for STPA-Based Avionic System Software Safety

Software safety problems resulting from relevant faults are increasingly highlighted as systems become more and more complex. Thus, the static verification method is inapplicable to complex system. This paper adopts System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to identify hazards in system, and obtain software-relevant safety needs. Safety verification adapting for complex system is clarified with the combination of STPA and model test software safety analysis and verification. Analysis and research adopting STPA method are conducted and their feasibility are proved.
Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction Of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Oil

Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction method was applied to extract oil from cashew nut ( Anacardium occidentale L.). The commercial enzyme (Viscozyme cassava C) was tested for effectiveness in releasing oil during the aqueous extraction. The effect of several parameters such as material/water ratio, enzyme concentration and duration for enzyme incubation on the oil yield was investigated. The conditions for maximum oil release were found with the material/water ratio of 1:9, enzyme concentration of 1% (v/w E/S), and in 3 h of enzyme incubation at 50 o C with constant shaking. The maximum oil yield obtained at those conditions (38.88 % raw material) was significantly (p <0.05) higher than that of the control (without enzyme) (35.92 %), and it represented 86.28 % recovery of the total oil in seed. No hexane and other organic solvents were needed for this process. The cashew nut oil by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction was relatively stable. Both peroxide value and free fatty acid value were lower than those in the oil obtained by Soxhlet method. Total un-saturated fatty acid in the cashew nut oil was about 84.43 %, in which the most abundant was oleic acid (65.0 %), followed by linoleic acid (18.53%). Cashew nut oil is a good dietary source of un-saturated fatty acids.
The Comparison and Analysis of China Cross-border E-commerce Business Model

The cross-border E-commerce is becoming a new growth point of China economics. As predicts 2020, the China cross-border E-commerce will reach 12 trillion Yuan. So the economic area should give it extensive attention and deep research. This paper analyzes the development stages and situations of China cross-border E-commerce and according the value chain analysis method researches the business models of China cross-border E-commerce. By the specific cases, the paper analyzes the cross-border E-commerce enterprises how to participate in business operations and how to benefit. The results of the paper can provide some theoretical basis for industry and enterprise applications and give some suggestions and guidance for the traditional import and export trading businesses to transform to be cross-border E-commerce platforms. Keywords—Cross-border E-commerce; E-commerce business model; profit model
R&D, IP, and firm profits in the automotive supplier industry

Economic theory implies that research and development (R&D) efforts increase firm productivity and ultimately profits. In particular, R&D expenses lead to the development of intellectual property (IP) and IP commands a return that increases overall profits of the firm. This hypothesis is investigated for the North American automotive supplier industry by analyzing a panel of 5000 firms for the years 1950 to 2011. Results indicate that R&D expenses in fact increase profitability at the firm level. In particular, increases in the R&D expense to sales ratio lead to increases in the profit contribution of intangible assets relative to sales. This indicates that more R&D intensive IP should command higher royalty rates per sales when licensed to third parties and within multinational enterprises alike.
Comparative morphology, anatomy and palynology of two Salvia L. species (Lamiaceae) and their taxonomic implications

Morphological, anatomical and palynological characteristics of Salvia glutinosa L. and S. staminea Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham and their taxonomic importance are presented. T heir expanded description and phenology are also given. The features of stems, leaves, calyces, corolla and nutlets have been found to be significant to distinguish the species. Mesophyll structure, distribution of stomata on upper epidermis, size of stomata on lower epidermis, shape of vascular structure in midrib, and number of vascular bundles and presence of sclerenchymatic fibers in petiole are diagnostic characters. Moreover, pollen size and exine ornamentation are important in separating these two species. Keywords: Morphology; Anatomy; Palynology; Salvia. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i1. 2749 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16 (1): 73-82, 2009 (June)
Inflammatory programming and immune modulation in cancer by IDO

Immune dysregulation is one of the hallmarks of tumor growth and progression, a key event that allows for tumor evasion of the host immune system. More recent cancer modalities are embracing combinations incorporat ing immunotherapy with more traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Traditional approaches are difficul t to tolerate for the patient and become less effective as tumors evo lve to survive these treatments. Immunotherapy has the benefit of reduced toxicity as it utilizes the patient's own i mmune system to identify and eliminate tumor cells. One mechanism manipulated by tumors is upregulation of the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). In this review, we focus on the mechanism by which tumors use IDO to evade detection by T cell immunity, as we ll as on novel small molecules that inhibit it as a cancer t herapeutic strategy.
Comparison between Invigilated and Non Invigilated Online Exams

This paper compares the invigilated online exam with the non-invigilated „open book-open web‟ (OBOW) examinations. An intranet based invigilated and another internet based non-invigilated OBOW exam was conducted, wherein 116 students participated in it. The result obtained in the invigilated exam was compared with the non-invigilated exam taken by the same students. The percentage of marks obtained by the students were graded as “A” for 90-100% marks, “B”, “C”, “D” and “F” for 80-89%, 70-79%, 60-69% and 0-60% respectively. Some students were placed under ungraded category (“U” grade), as they faced some technical problems during the exam. Cheating was assessed based upon the time at which the student started taking the exam, the total time taken to complete it and the marks they scored. The results indicated that there was enormous difference in the results between the two types of exams. The number of students scoring “A” and “B” grades were very high in the non-invigilated exam as against the invigilated exam. A few cheating cases were observed in both the types of exams, which is unavoidable in any circumstance. About 4 students faced technical problems in the online non-invigilated internet based exams. The technical problems encountered were loss of internet connection, slowing of the internet connection due to traffic congestion in the network, hanging of the user‟s computer system. It was concluded that non-invigilated online exams would be better in accessing the student‟s ability to understand the subject and reproduce it, as compared to invigilated exams. Keywords: Open book open web non-invigilated examination, closed book invigilated examination, online exams, authentic assessment, constructivism.
Dynamical Properties of Omani Crude Oils for Flow Through a Vertical Annulus and a Cylindrical Pipe

We have initially investigated the temperature dependence of density and viscosity of a number of crude oils, collected from various hydrocarbon reservoirs in Oman. The measured data are then utilized to investigate the flow dynamics of these hydrocarbon fluids under gravity and applied pressures at various temperatures. We have modeled the flow of the various crude oil samples through a vertical (a) annulus and (b) cylindrical pipe - all treated within the Newtonian fluid flow approximation of a laminar flow - to investigate the flow properties of these samples. A computer program is developed so that the temperature dependence of the fluid flow distinctly separates the laminar mode from a turbulent mode with respect to Reynolds numbers within the ranges Re 2000. The adopted models of the velocity profiles, mass rate of flow and viscous force on the solid surface are not novel, but the present calculations aim to specifically use the various Omani crude oil samples with various AIP values; the calculated results shed some light on the dynamics of these specific samples within Newtonian approximation. The measured physical properties and the subsequent calculations of the relevant dynamical properties might be useful for various purposes e.g. extraction and transportation of crude oils through pipes.
The NatCarb Geoportal

ABSTRACT The Department of Energy (DOE) Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships are generating the data for a “carbon atlas” of key geospatial data (carbon sources, potential sinks, etc.) required for rapid implementation of carbon sequestration on a broad scale. The NATional CARBon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NatCarb) provides Web-based, nation-wide data access. Distributed computing solutions link partnerships and other publicly accessible repositories of geological, geophysical, natural resource, infrastructure, and environmental data. Data are maintained and enhanced locally, but assembled and accessed through a single geoportal. NatCarb, as a first attempt at a national carbon cyberinfrastructure (NCCI), assembles the data required to address technical and policy challenges of carbon capture and storage. We present a path forward to design and implement a comprehensive and successful NCCI.
Music Recommender Systems and Genre Bias

Indexing and retrieval tools for music privilege genre-based categorization. Music recommender systems do not draw upon genre per se, but they utilize collaborative filtering algorithms that can give the appearance of doing so. This poster critiques genre’s pervasiveness, and suggests that recommender systems draw upon alternative notions of “similarity. ” Les outils d’indexation et de reperage de la musique privilegient la categorisation par genre. Les systemes de recommandation de musique n’utilisent pas le genre en tant que tel, mais utilisent plutot un algorithme de filtrage collaboratif qui en apparence fait la meme chose. Cette affiche critique l’omnipresence du genre et suggere que les systemes de recommandation devraient plutot faire appel a la notion de « similarite ».
Organik Çiftlik Yönetim Modeli

Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Menemen Arastirma Uygulama ve Uretim Ciftliginde 2003 yilinda baslatilan “Organik Uretim Projesi” ile organik tarimin temel ilkelerinden olan ve bir isletmenin kendi kaynaklarinin kullanildigi, isletmenin kendine yeterli olabildigi “kapali sistem” tarim sekli hedeflenmistir. Bu amacla, 20 da sebze, 55 da bag, 35 da zeytin ve 406 da fistik cami alaninda “Organik Uretim Projesi” arastirma, uretim ve uygulama calismalari baslatilmistir. Proje calismalari, 2006- 2007 yillarinda projeye dahil edilen 61 da yonca ve 248 da bugday ve misir uretim alani ile birlikte yem bitkilerinin de programa alinmasiyla halen toplam 1064 da alanda surdurulmektedir. Bugun buyuk parsellerde uretilen meyve, sebze, kuru uzum, cam fistigi ve yonca ile 50 da alandaki misir ve bugday urunleri icin “Organik Urun Sertifikasi” alinmistir. Onumuzdeki yillarda gecis surecinin tamamlanmasi ile 194 da alanda uretim yapilan bugday, fig+arpa ve misir icin “organik urun sertifikasi” alinabilecektir. Proje faaliyetlerinin baslamasi ile birlikte gunumuze kadar bitkisel uretim faaliyetleri acisindan proje hedefine ulasilmistir. Projenin bundan sonraki ilk hedefi ise organik hayvancilik faaliyetlerine baslanmasidir. Organik hayvan uretimi ile birlikte “organik sut ve sut urunleri” ile “organik tarhana” uretimi de gelecekteki hedefler arasinda yer almaktadir.
Energy Proficient Reliable Rim Routing Technique for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks Lifespan Fortification

Sensor nodes are mainly shielded in the field with limited power supply. In Wireless Sensor Networks, there must be a requirement of an efficient power management, because sensor nodes are deployed in unman attended area with non-rechargeable batteries. Power management can be done by different methods of routing protocols. The proposed Reliable Rim Routing (3R) technique is based on hybrid routing protocol for homogeneous and heterogeneous system for WSNs to ameliorate the performance of the overall system. In 3R, total node deployment area can be multipart in terms of rim and in each rim, and some of the sensor nodes transmit their sensed data directly to base station, and meanwhile remaining sensor nodes send the data through clustering technique to base station like SEP. Proposed 3R technique implementation proves its enhanced WSNs lifetime of 70% energy consumption and 40% throughput compared with existing protocols. Simulation and evaluation results outperformed in terms of energy consumption with increased throughput and network lifetime.
AT THE EUROMA 2008 CONFERENCE June 17 , 2008 1 MANUFACTURING STRATEGY CONFIGURATIONS , CONTINGENCIES AND PERFORMANCE

The main reasoning in the contingency perspective on manufacturing strategy theory is that context influences manufacturing strategy which in turn influences business performance. The study presented in this paper broadens this perspective by exploring if the business and operational performances are influenced only by manufacturing strategy, if the manufacturing strategyperformance relationship is moderated by the external contingencies, or even if external contingencies influence the performance directly. We use data from the fourth round of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS) to study this question. The results show that performance is not exclusively a result of manufacturing strategy choices. Some performance variables result solely from contextual influences, others are the result of manufacturing strategy configuration only, while in several cases the interaction between context and strategic configuration interaction determines performance. An interesting dividend from this research is performance indicators for different strategies.
One Monad to Prove Them All (Functional Pearl)

One Monad to Prove Them All is a modern fairy tale about curiosity and perseverance, two important properties of a successful PhD student. We follow the PhD student Mona on her adventurous journey of proving properties about Haskell programs in the proof assistant Coq. In quest for a solution Mona goes on an educating journey through the land of functional programming. We follow her on her journey when she learns about concepts like free monads and containers as well as basics and restrictions of proof assistants like Coq. These concepts are well-known individually, but their interplay gives rise to a solution for Mona's problem that has not been presented before. Mona's final solution does not only work for a specific monad instance but even allows her to prove monad-generic properties. Instead of proving properties over and over again for specific monad instances she is able to prove properties that hold for all monads. If you are a citizen of the land of functional programming or are at least familiar with its customs, had a journey that involved reasoning about functional programs of your own, or are just a curious soul looking for the next story about monads and proofs, then this tale is for you.
ON THE FIRING ACTIVITY OF A STATE-DEPENDENT STOCHASTIC NEURONAL MODEL

We address the problem of studying the number of excitatory stimuli producing a spike for a Stein-type stochastic model which includes a multiplicative state-dependent effect. Some results on the probability distribution of the number M of excitatory stimuli triggering a spike are obtained. We also evaluate the distribution of M conditional on the firing time, and disclose some properties of its mode. Finally, some results on the probability generating function of the conditional distribution are given. 1 Introduction A mathematical model based on Stein stochastic differential equation has been recently proposed in (5) to describe the firing activity of a neuronal unit. Similarly to Stein approach (15), such model includes the arrival of excitatory stimuli according to a Poisson process with an exponential decay in absence of stimuli. As an innovative feature, the model is characterized by a multiplicative state-dependent effect, since the depolariza- tions are random and depend on the voltage level at the stimulus time. This state-dependent effect is suitable to describe a behavior sometimes observed in neuronal dynamics (see, for instance, (14) where noisy stochastic conductance components are multiplicatively coupled to the membrane potential). Closed-form expressions for the distribution of the membrane potential level and for the firing density (in the case of homogeneous Poisson inputs) have been recently obtained in (5) for our model. The state-dependent Stein-type model is considered here to study the distribution of the number of excitatory stimuli able to yield a neuronal firing. This provides a basic characterization of the relationship between environmental stimuli and neural response. For instance, it is well-known that spontaneous quantal transmitter release from the motor nerve endings follows the Poisson distribution and generates miniature potentials which contribute to the neuron postsynaptic potential (7). The study performed in the present paper can be useful to face the question of what determines the post-synaptic response to the release of the quantal transmitter (see, for instance, (6) where an analysis of how retinal ganglion cells re-encode the received information is present). More generally, the obtained results are suitable to characterize the firing activity of a postsynaptic cell in networks of Stein-type neuronal units under ad hoc assumptions about the dynamics of presynaptic neurons (see (2), (3) and (4) where a simulation-based approach is used to investigate the synchronization between interacting neurons). The mathematical background of the present contribution is that of classical treatises on stochastic neuronal models, such as (12) and (13).
Effects of Air Pollution on Respiratory Diseases in India

Air pollution is the undesirable change in quality of air. In a developing country like India where majority of population lives in rural area, but both rural and urban areas are equally affected by pollution. Air pollution is largest environmental health risk that approximately kills 1 in 8 people globally, due to heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease and cancer. According to WHO air quality model (2016) about 92 % of world’s population lives in places where air quality level exceed WHO limits. Particulate matter present in polluted air such as dust, smoke, pollen and volatile organic compounds trigger can cause serious damage to respiratory tract. When we breathe in dirty air, we bring air pollutants deep into our lungs; can trigger new cases of asthma. It can not only worsen a pre-existing respiratory illness, but also provoke the development of other diseases such as chronic illness, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and respiratory allergies, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer etc., which can be fatal. By eating balanced and nutritious diet, not exposing to polluted area and wearing masks at a place where AQI is above the limit. Creating awareness about harmful effects of air pollution among people may be helpful to downscale its fatal effects. KeywordsPollution, indoor, outdoor, AQI, biomass, particulate matter. Introduction Air pollution is responsible for many health problems majorly in urban but also in some rural cities in India. According to WHO (World Health Organization) pollution is contamination of environment by any chemical, physical or biological agents that modifies the natural characteristics of atmosphere. Air pollution can be categorized into two categories, indoor and outdoor pollution which are presence of pollutants in air inside and outside the house respectively. Indoor cooking and heating with biomass fuels (agricultural residues, dung, straw and wood) or coal produces high levels of smoke that contains a various health-damaging pollutants. According to WHO Indoor air pollution is responsible for 2 million deaths annually. Outdoor air pollution is the result of inefficient combustion of fuels for transport, power generation and other activities. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 84000 deaths directly attributable to outdoor air pollution in Indian cities. Urban outdoor air pollution is estimated to cause 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year (WHO report on air pollution). Global urbanization which requires www.jmscr. igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i7.05