Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross layer solution towards green hybrid optical wireless access network utilizing energy efficient of routing and modulation format

Energy consumption of ICT sector has become a contemporary issue since it is experiencing a rapid growth. Since, the access networks are estimated to consume nearly 70% of the total Internet energy consumption worldwide, an effective strategy to reduce energy consumption must consider the deployment of energy-efficient solutions within the access network domain. In specific, this paper focuses on the energy-aware solutions within the hybrid optical wireless access network (HOWAN) environment. Currently, majority of the works in Green HOWAN are still limited to a specific functional layer. Nevertheless, we believe that it is also important to investigate a more comprehensive energy-efficient solution that includes more than just one functional layer. This paper proposes a framework for an integrated green solution that takes into consideration both the transmission and network layers. Low power modulation format such as OFDM is proposed over HOWAN that runs green routing algorithm. Preliminary results show transmission and network layer analyses of OFDM format and green routing algorithm over HOWAN. Future work aims at incorporating information of OFDM energy model over green HOWAN network layer analysis.
A High-Resolution Radiation Hybrid Map of the Human Genome Draft Sequence

We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases.
Airbnb Usage Across New York City Neighborhoods: Geographic Patterns and Regulatory Implications

This paper offers new empirical evidence about actual Airbnb usage patterns and how they vary across neighborhoods in New York City. We combine unique, census-tract level data from Airbnb with neighborhood asking rent data from Zillow and administrative, census, and social media data on neighborhoods. We find that as usage has grown over time, Airbnb listings have become more geographically dispersed, although centrality remains an important predictor of listing location. Neighborhoods with more modest median household incomes have also grown in popularity, and disproportionately feature “private room” listings (compared to “entire home” listings). We find that compared to long-term rentals, short-term rentals do not appear to be as profitable as many assume, and they have become relatively less profitable over our time period. Additionally, short-term rentals appear most profitable relative to long-term rentals in outlying, middle-income neighborhoods. Our findings contribute to an ongoing regulatory conversation catalyzed by the rapid growth in the short-term rental market, and we conclude by bringing an economic lens to varying approaches proposed to target and address externalities that may arise in this market.
Long‐term follow‐up of 233 patients with hairy cell leukaemia, treated initially with pentostatin or cladribine, at a median of 16 years from diagnosis

Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) was first described 50 years ago. Median survival was then 4 years. The purine analogues, introduced in the 1980s, transformed this prognosis. We reviewed data retrospectively from 233 patients, treated with pentostatin (n = 188) or cladribine (n = 45), to investigate the current long‐term outlook. Median follow‐up was 16 years. There were no significant differences in outcome between the two agents. Overall, the complete response (CR) rate was 80% and median relapse‐free survival was 16 years. After relapse (n = 79) or non‐response (n = 5), 26 patients received pentostatin and 58 cladribine; 69% achieved CR and median relapse‐free survival was 11 years. After third‐line therapy (n = 23), 50% achieved CR and median relapse‐free survival was 6·5 years. However, CRs were equally durable, whether after first, second or third‐line therapy. Complete responders and those with both haemoglobin >100 g/l and platelet count >100 × 109/l before treatment had the longest relapse‐free survival (P < 0·0001). Patients still in CR at 5 years had only a 25% risk of relapse by 15 years. Outcomes for patients with recurrent disease improved with the monoclonal antibody rituximab, combined with either purine analogue. Overall only eight patients died of HCL‐related causes. Patients achieving a CR can expect a normal lifespan.
Smart Disaster Response in Vehicular Tunnels: Technologies for Search and Rescue Applications

Recently, the number of tunnels is increasing due to urbanization, and fire accidents in tunnels are likewise increasing. In particular, in a long tunnel of more than 1 km it is very difficult to track the exact location of a fire, accident vehicles, and the fire brigade, as well as whether a fire occurred. In this paper, we analyze various types of accidents that may occur in tunnel fires and propose detection, search, and rescue techniques to cope with them. For early detection of accidents, we propose various sensors using Internet of Things (IoT) technology and sensor networks to connect them. These sensors can detect not only a fire but also the position of the vehicle in which the fire is occurring in real time. We also propose a robotic system and operation technique that can be controlled by a fire fighter for more precise search operation. For rescue procedures, localization and tracking technology for fire fighters and robots is proposed. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed system was verified through actual performance tests, including simulations of actual placement and operation in tunnels. Through the construction of the equipment in an actual tunnel 1.9 km long, we show that the proposed system is good enough to cope with fire accidents, in terms of the delivery ratio of the collected data, fire recognition ratio, localization accuracy, and response delay.
Epidemiology and diagnostic testing for hemochromatosis and iron overload

Hemochromatosis is the most common genetic disease in northern European populations. Body iron stores progressively increase in most patients, which can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, heart failure, arthritis, and pigmentation. Simple blood tests such as the serum ferritin and transferrin saturation are useful to suggest the diagnosis which can be confirmed in most cases with a simple genetic test for the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene. However, these blood tests are often misinterpreted and there are rare patients with iron overload without HFE mutations. A diagnostic approach is presented based on a large referral practice and a population‐based study (HEIRS) which screened for iron overload in 101 168 participants.
“It Was Like I Lost Everything”: The Harmful Impacts of Homeless-Targeted Policies

Abstract In response to housing crises across the country, many localities are implementing homeless-targeted policies that attempt to regulate public space by prohibiting sitting, lying, sleeping, and storing property in public places such as parks and sidewalks. We term these sociospatial control policies. Our research investigates the direct impacts of such policies in the city of Honolulu, which had become notorious for legal measures targeting homeless residents. We interviewed members of 70 households living in temporary shelters in public spaces, all of whom had experienced enforcement of city ordinances, such as receiving citations or being forcibly moved by city agents. Our data revealed three interconnected ways that enforcements of sit–lie and nuisance policies harmed homeless households. (a) Our respondents described feeling dehumanized and treated unfairly by city agents. We therefore argue that enforcement catalyzed both civic and social exclusion. (b) Second, the city’s confiscation of property spurred material hardship and posed obstacles to work, education, and access to services. And, finally, (c) respondents’ narratives revealed that enforcements provoked lasting worry, fear, anxiety, and despair.
Sustained melatonin treatment blocks body mass, pelage, reproductive, and fever responses to short day lengths in female Siberian hamsters

Abstract: Winter imposes physiological challenges on individuals including increased thermoregulatory demands, risk of infection, and decreased food availability. To survive these challenges, animals living outside the tropics must appropriately distribute their energetic costs across the year, including reproduction and immune function. Individuals of many species use the annual cycle of changing day lengths (photoperiod), which is encoded by the nightly duration of melatonin secretion, to adjust physiology. Siberian hamsters exposed to short days (SD) (long nights/prolonged endogenous melatonin secretion) enhance some aspects of immune function, but curtail other energetically expensive immune functions including the febrile response. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we determined whether sustained melatonin treatment would inhibit the development of the SD phenotype in female hamsters as it does in males. Second, we examined whether the SD attenuation of fever would be blocked by continuous exposure to exogenous melatonin. Hamsters were implanted with melatonin or empty capsules, housed in either long days (LD) or SD for 8–9 weeks, and then challenged with lipopolysaccharide; body temperature and locomotor activity were recorded. Unlike hamsters with empty capsules, hamsters with melatonin implants did not respond to SD and maintained a LD phenotype including summer‐like spleen, uterine and body masses, and pelage characteristics. Further, sustained melatonin treatment blocked the SD attenuation of febrile responses and prolonged the behavioral components of the sickness response. These results suggest that the daily fluctuations in endogenous melatonin may be masked by continuous exposure to exogenous melatonin, thus inhibiting functional photoperiodic responses to SD.
Investor Attention and Stock Price Movement

abstract Prior studies have documented that information presence (absence) leads to price continuation (reversal) when a stock price experiences extreme shock. The authors investigate whether the level of investor attention have an impact on stock price dynamics following the shock. They show that when shocks are not accompanied by new information, the price generally reverses, and the magnitude of the reversal is stronger for stocks with lower degree of investor attention. The asymmetric effect on the magnitude of reversal is stronger for stock with higher return volatility. In addition, for the price shocks accompanied by new information, stock price would continue for a short run, and such continuation is statistically significant and stronger when investors are optimistic toward to the stocks.
De novo infection of hepatitis B virus in patients with orthotopic liver transplantation: Analysis by determining complete sequence of the genome

De novo infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs after liver transplantation from donors with HBV markers that suggest past infection. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of HBV derived from a donor and recipients were determined to determine the clinical and virological characteristics. A total of 57 donor‐recipient pairs, which underwent living‐related orthotopic liver transplantation, were enrolled in the present study; all were negative for HBsAg before transplantation. HBV DNA was tested in serum, liver tissue, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequence of HBV was determined based on PCR products and the phylogenetic analysis. De novo infection of HBV was found in 3 of the 57 recipients. Anti‐HBc was positive in all donors of 3 recipients with the de novo infection but was positive only in 4 donors of the remaining 54 recipients (P=0.001). HBV DNA was detected in the liver but not in the serum or PBMCs in donor 3 whose recipient developed de novo HBV infection. The nucleotide sequence covering entire genome of HBV (3,215 bases) derived from the liver of donor 3 had a homology of 99.8–100% with that derived from the serum of corresponding recipient 3. The strain of recipient 3 showed the closest association with that of the donor 3 by phylogenetic analysis. Complete sequences from two recipients with de novo HBV infection including recipient 3 conserved the basic organisation of HBV genome. Analysis of the entire nucleotide sequence of HBV genome proved that HBV existed in the liver of the donor with anti‐HBc, and it caused de novo infection in the corresponding recipient. J. Med. Virol. 62:471–478, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fiber intake predicts ghrelin levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND Ghrelin levels are decreased upon food intake, but the impact of specific diet-derived macronutrients on its regulation remains unclear. In addition, because of ghrelin's association with body weight regulation, it is important to understand the mechanisms regulating its levels in obese individuals. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of specific macronutrients on ghrelin levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. METHODS Thirty-five subjects underwent a euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) to examine glucose disposal and total ghrelin (TotG) and acylated ghrelin (AG) levels. Macronutrient intake was evaluated with a 3-day food questionnaire. RESULTS Under fasting conditions, positive associations were observed between fiber intake and TotG and AG levels. Fasting AG also correlated positively with the intake of total energy, as well as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated lipids. Importantly, fiber consumption explained up to 26 and 23% of the variation in TotG and AG respectively. During the EHC, TotG levels were significantly reduced at all times, while AG was decreased at 60 min only. TotG area under the curve (AUC) values were positively associated with fiber and polyunsaturated lipid intake, while AG AUC values correlated positively with fiber, total energy, carbohydrate, and lipid intake. Interestingly, fiber intake explained up to 21% of the variation in TotG AUC, while total energy intake predicted up to 21% of the variation in the AG AUC. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that fiber intake is an important regulator of ghrelin levels both in fasting and in hyperinsulinemic conditions. Overall, these results reinforce the importance of the intimate association between eating habits and gastrointestinal hormonal regulation.
Structural comparison of cytochromes P450 2A6, 2A13, and 2E1 with pilocarpine

Human xenobiotic‐metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can each bind and monooxygenate a diverse set of substrates, including drugs, often producing a variety of metabolites. Additionally, a single ligand can interact with multiple CYP enzymes, but often the protein structural similarities and differences that mediate such overlapping selectivity are not well understood. Even though the CYP superfamily has a highly canonical global protein fold, there are large variations in the active site size, topology, and conformational flexibility. We have determined how a related set of three human CYP enzymes bind and interact with a common inhibitor, the muscarinic receptor agonist drug pilocarpine. Pilocarpine binds and inhibits the hepatic CYP2A6 and respiratory CYP2A13 enzymes much more efficiently than the hepatic CYP2E1 enzyme. To elucidate key residues involved in pilocarpine binding, crystal structures of CYP2A6 (2.4 Å), CYP2A13 (3.0 Å), CYP2E1 (2.35 Å), and the CYP2A6 mutant enzyme, CYP2A6 I208S/I300F/G301A/S369G (2.1 Å) have been determined with pilocarpine in the active site. In all four structures, pilocarpine coordinates to the heme iron, but comparisons reveal how individual residues lining the active sites of these three distinct human enzymes interact differently with the inhibitor pilocarpine.
Mitochondria in the striatum of subjects with schizophrenia

Abstract Objectives. Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that manifests pathology in many brain regions, including the striatum. Among the abnormalities in schizophrenia are those related to mitochondria. The present study sought to determine whether the number of mitochondria was affected at the level of the synapse. Methods. Human postmortem striatum from schizophrenia subjects and controls was examined at the ultrastructural level. The density of mitochondria and synapses were tabulated using stereology. Results. There were similar overall numbers of mitochondria in the caudate nucleus and putamen of schizophrenia subjects vs. controls, but a differential distribution of existing mitochondria. Schizophrenia subjects had 26–30% fewer mitochondria per synapse compared to controls. This may contribute to the pathophysiology of the illness, may be a medication effect, or an adaptive response to normalize the high number of striatal synapses we have previously found. The higher density of mitochondria in dendrites in the caudate nucleus in certain subgroups of schizophrenia vs. controls (>34%) may be related to more synaptic inputs. Conclusions. The role of mitochondria in the various symptoms of schizophrenia is still unclear. A comparison of schizophrenia subjects with differing symptoms or treatment response might shed light on whether differences in mitochondrial density are abnormal or adaptive.
Diabetes mellitus and the risk of nephrolithiasis.

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a central feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and may increase the risk of kidney stone formation. Existing cross-sectional data on the association between DM and nephrolithiasis are limited, and no prospective study to date has evaluated the relation between DM and the risk of kidney stones. METHODS To evaluate the relation between DM and prevalent kidney stones, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 3 large cohorts including over 200,000 participants: the Nurses' Health Study I (older women), the Nurses' Health Study II (younger women), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (men). We then prospectively studied the association between DM and incident nephrolithiasis over a combined 44 years of follow-up. Because insulin resistance can precede the diagnosis of DM by decades, we also prospectively examined the relation between kidney stones and the diagnosis of incident DM. Multivariate regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, thiazide diuretic use, fluid intake, and dietary factors. RESULTS At baseline, the multivariate relative risk of prevalent stone disease in individuals with DM compared to individuals without was 1.38 (95% CI 1.06-1.79) in older women, 1.67 (95% CI 1.28-2.20) in younger women, and 1.31 (95% CI 1.11-1.54) in men. Prospectively, the multivariate relative risk of incident kidney stone formation in participants with DM compared to participants without was 1.29 (95% CI 1.05-1.58) in older women, 1.60 (95% CI 1.16-2.21) in younger women, and 0.81 (95% CI 0.59-1.09) in men. The multivariate relative risk of incident DM in participants with a history of kidney stones compared to participants without was 1.33 (95% CI 1.18-1.50) in older women, 1.48 (95% CI 1.14-1.91) in younger women, and 1.49 (95% CI 1.29-1.72) in men. CONCLUSION DM is a risk factor for the development of kidney stones. Additional studies are needed to determine if the increased risk of DM in stone formers is due to subclinical insulin resistance.
Exercise capacity of heart transplant recipients: the importance of chronotropic incompetence.

BACKGROUND Maximal exercise capacity is limited in patients after heart transplantation. The extent to which chronotropic incompetence contributes to this intolerance has not been well defined. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study examined the heart rate response to exercise and its relation to exercise capacity in 159 heart transplant recipients during progressive, symptom-limited, upright exercise. All prior exercise studies of heart transplant recipients that reported peak oxygen uptake and peak heart rate were also evaluated. RESULTS Peak oxygen uptake was closely correlated with peak heart rate (r = 0.39, p < 0.001) and maximum increase in heart rate (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) during exercise by our patients. Similar correlations were found in the published studies for peak oxygen uptake versus maximal heart rate (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) and peak oxygen uptake versus increase in heart rate (r = 0.63, p < 0.02). The current study showed that the increase in heart rate from rest to peak exercise was significantly higher and the decline in heart rate after exercise significantly faster for patients 2 or more years after transplantation than for patients less than 2 years after transplantation (46 +/- 2 versus 38 +/- 1.9 beats/min, p < 0.05); the decline in heart rate 4 minutes after exercise was 27 +/- 1.8 versus 16 +/- 1.8 beats/min, respectively ( p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The reduction in peak oxygen consumption, particularly during the first 2 years, appears to be related in part to chronotropic incompetence. Late after transplantation the heart rate response to exercise is greater and the decline in heart rate after exercise faster, suggesting possible autonomic reinnervation in some patients. Chronotropic incompetence may be an inadequate explanation of oxygen uptake impairment seen late after transplantation, when other factors such as myocardial dysfunction and intrinsic skeletal muscle abnormalities are of increasing importance.
Modelling the speed control of Brushless DC Motor base on identification system

This paper presents a practice method to model the speed control of Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDCM) system. This method only needs a dynamic response of BLDCM when given a step input. Further, the data response is represented in to the data series that used as source form the BLDCM model. BLDCM model's is generated by estimation parameter base on the least squares algorithm using that's data. Further, the model is evaluated by the MATLAB simulink and then compared by response of the real plant. The results show that the response characteristic of the speed control of BLDCM base on model is similar to the response of the real plant.