Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Cloud Middlebox Infrastructure for Online Services

Gandhi, Rohan S. PhD, Purdue University, August 2016. Improving Cloud Middlebox Infrastructure for Online Services. Major Professor: Y. Charlie Hu. Middleboxes are an indispensable part of the datacenter networks that provide high availability, scalability and performance to the online services. Using load balancer as an example, this thesis shows that the prevalent scale-out middlebox designs using commodity servers are plagued with three fundamental problems: (1) The server-based layer-4 middleboxes are costly and inflate round-trip-time as much as 2x by processing the packets in software. (2) The middlebox instances cause traffic detouring en route from sources to destinations, which inflates network bandwidth usage by as much as 3.2x and can cause transient congestion. (3) Additionally, existing cloud providers do not support layer-7 middleboxes as a service, and third-party proxy-based layer-7 middlebox design exhibits poor availability as TCP state stored locally on middlebox instances are lost upon instance failure. This thesis examines the root causes of the above problems and proposes new cloud-scale middlebox design principles that systemically address all three problems. First, to address the performance problem, we make a key observation that existing commodity switches have resources available to implement key layer-4 middlebox functionalities such as load balancer, and by processing packets in hardware, switches offer low latency and high capacity benefits, at no additional cost as the switch resources are idle. Motivated by this observation, we propose the design principle of using idle switch resources to accelerate middlebox functionailites. To demonstrate the principle, we developed the complete L4 load balancer design that uses commodity switches for low cost and high performance, and carefully fuses a few software load balancer instances to provide for high availability.
Dataflow Analysis and Optimization of High Level Language Code for Hardware-Software Co-Design

(ABSTRACT) Recent advancements in FPGA technology have provided devices which are not only suited for digital logic prototyping, but also are capable of implementing complex computations. The use of these devices in multi-FPGA Custom Computing Machines (CCMs) has provided the potential to execute large sections of programs entirely in custom hardware which can provide a substantial speedup over execution in a general-purpose sequential processor. Unfortunately, the development tools currently available for CCMs do not allow users to easily configure multi-FPGA platforms. In order to exploit the capabilities of such an architecture, a procedure has been developed to perform a dataflow analysis of programs written in C which is capable of several hardware-specific optimizations. This, together with other software tools developed for this purpose, allows CCMs and their host processors to be targeted from the same high-level specification. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Peter Athanas for his constant encouragement throughout the duration of this project. I would also like to thank Dr. Abbott and Dr. Davis for their support and for their time. I would like to thank Jim Peterson for his help throughout this project. I would also like to thank my family for their consistent support throughout my academic career. In addition I would like to thank all of my friends for their continued support. Finally, a special thanks to my sister, Amalie, who has consistently encouraged me to do my best.
Social Care and Gender: Who Cares for Dependent Adults in Spain?

Care work encompasses a series of tasks of distinct social and economic importance; however, it has not been a traditional object of study in Economics. The main objective of this article is to analyze the factors that intervene in informal care work in Spain. To approach this, an econometric analysis will be conducted using the National Health Survey (ENS as its Spanish acronym) carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) of Spain. The results show that, in Spain, dependent adults do not receive the institutional support they need to perform basic daily activities. In fact, practically all of the care they receive is informal. This article will demonstrate that, within the household, women are responsible for informal care work whenever a family member is in need of such services. Our research shows that this is a consistent pattern regardless of the carer’s personal characteristics and level of education as well as the characteristics of the dependent adult living in the household. These findings reveal the necessity of reorienting public policies in order to help reduce gender inequalities caused by this socio-economic reality.
Matching learning challenges to students' needs

Teachers design learning tasks as the basis of everyday practice, and their ability to effectively manipulate these tasks dynamically demonstrates how quickly they can respond to changes in student performance with different levels of task complexity. This paper examines the design options for learning tasks in the discipline of history as teachers make the tasks more structured and scaffold their students' processes so that they can complete each task. The manipulation of five dimensions has been used as part of a professional development program to help teachers vary tasks demands as their students begin to demonstrate competence and self-reliance on their own understanding.
Beyond the Boundaries of SMOTE: A Framework for Manifold-based Synthetic Oversampling

Within machine learning, the problem of class imbalance refers to the scenario in which one or more classes is significantly outnumbered by the others. In the most extreme case, the minority class is not only significantly outnumbered by the majority class, but it also considered to be rare, or absolutely imbalanced. Class imbalance appears in a wide variety of important domains, ranging from oil spill and fraud detection, to text classification and medical diagnosis. Given this, it has been deemed as one of the ten most important research areas in data mining, and for more than a decade now the machine learning community has been coming together in an attempt to unequivocally solve the problem. The fundamental challenge in the induction of a classifier from imbalanced training data is in managing the prediction bias. The current state-of-the-art methods deal with this by readjusting misclassification costs or by applying resampling methods. In cases of absolute imbalance, these methods are insufficient; rather, it has been observed that we need more training examples. The nature of class imbalance, however, dictates that additional examples cannot be acquired, and thus, synthetic oversampling becomes the natural choice. We recognize the importance of selecting algorithms with assumptions and biases that are appropriate for the properties of the target data, and argue that this is of absolute importance when it comes to developing synthetic oversampling methods because a large generative leap must be made from a relatively small training set. In particular, our research into gamma-ray spectral classification has demonstrated the benefits of incorporating prior knowledge of conformance to the manifold assumption into the synthetic oversampling algorithms. We empirically demonstrate the negative impact of the manifold property on the state-of-the-art methods, and propose a framework for manifold-based synthetic oversampling. We algorithmically present the generic form of the framework and demonstrate formalizations of it with PCA and the denoising autoencoder. Through use of the helix and swiss roll datasets, which are standards in the manifold learning community, we visualize and qualitatively analyze the benefits of our proposed framework. Moreover, we unequivocally show the framework to be superior on three real-world gamma-ray spectral datasets and on sixteen benchmark UCI datasets in general. Specifically, our results demonstrate that the framework for manifold-based synthetic oversampling produces higher area under the ROC results than the current state-of-the-art and degrades less on data that conforms to the manifold assumption.
VEMUS - Une école de musique européenne virtuelle

VEMUS est un projet de recherche europeen qui a pour objectif le developpement et la validation d'un systeme ouvert et interactif d'apprentissage de la pratique instrumentale. Il traite d'instruments a vent tels que la flute traversiere, le saxophone, la clarinette et la flute a bec. Il s'adresse a des etudiants de niveau debutant a intermediaire. Il propose une demarche innovante, tant d'un point de vue technologique que sur un plan pedagogique. L'article presente le projet avec un accent particulier sur les technologies de feedback mises en oeuvre pour etendre les pratiques instrumentales et pedagogiques.
Situación de la violencia sexual en Colombia, 2012-2016

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y las características de la violencia sexual en Colombia durante el periodo 2012-2016. Método: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de todos los casos de violencia sexual reportados al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila) del 2012 al 2016. Resultados: en el periodo 2012-2016, se reportaron al Sivigila 73.986 casos de violencia sexual, de los cuales el 74,78% ocurrió en las cabeceras municipales; el 65,91% en las viviendas; el 88% de las víctimas eran mujeres y el 49,92% adolescentes. De los agresores, el 91,90% eran hombres con edad promedio de 30 años y el 50,65% no convivía con la víctima. De las víctimas, el 26,1% recibió profilaxis para el vih/sida y el 17,0% para el virus de la hepatitis b; al 45,42% se le proporcionó atención en salud mental, el 31,84% fue remitido a protección y el 56,99% fue reportado a las autoridades competentes. Conclusión: en los 73.986 casos de violencia sexual se encontró un ascenso de la prevalencia que va del 13,45% en el 2012 al 27,96% en el 2016, siendo las mujeres en los ciclos vitales de adolescencia, infancia y la primera infancia las principales víctimas de violencia sexual de agresores hombres con edad promedio de 30 años
Sistema de reproducción de mensajes multimodales para la cabeza de un robot social

La robotica social trabaja en mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas, ya sea en sus trabajos, hogares o en situaciones de emergencia. Actualmente uno de los proyectos mas importantes del Grupo de Estudio y Desarrollo en Robotica de la Universidad Santo Tomas es MARTHA (Mobile Autonomous RoboTics Home Assistant) que trata el diseno y desarrollo de un prototipo de robot social acorde a la vision de robotica humanista. Enmarcada en el proyecto MARTHA la propuesta plantea el diseno la implementacion de un cabeza para el robot social que le permita la reproduccion de manera multimodal de mensajes escritos. La multimodalidad consta de dos aspectos: la emision de voz Correspondiente al mensaje y la gesticulacion sobre una cara virtual articulada. Se espera que la integracion de un sistema de inteligencia artificial con los recursos de reproduccion multimodal permitiran a un robot social un buen grado de naturalidad en el contexto de interaccion Humano-Robot. Se proyectan productos de generacion de nuevo conocimiento, de desarrollo tecnologico y de formacion de recurso humano con la inclusion de un estudiante de maestria como asistente de investigacion
Research on the relationship between urban form and urban smog in China

The present study aims at exploring whether aspects of urban form (compactness ratio and elongation ratio) are associated with urban smog (particulate matter) in China. Quantitative indicators relating to urban form and urban smog were selected and quantified for 30 Chinese cities, for the reference years 2000, 2007, and 2010, by using a combination of compiled statistical data, remote sensing, and geographical information system data. Panel data analysis was used to evaluate the degree of association between measures of urban form and urban smog, while controlling for urban population, built-up area green coverage rate, power consumption, SO2 emissions, gross value of industrial output, gross industrial output, and buses per capita. The results indicate that urban compactness and urban elongation were positively correlated to urban particulate matter. It is therefore recommended to consider the implication of urban form on smog as part of urban planning and as part of ongoing strategies to mitigate the deleterious consequences of air pollution.
A Secure Multi-receivers E-mail Protocol

In open decentralized networks, it is important to make certain data available to only a selected group of users. For example, in a secure e-mail system, a user may send an e-mail to multiple receivers at once. Recently, Chen proposed a secure multicast key protocol for e-mail system based on Chinese Remainder Theorem. They claimed that their protocol provide perfect forward secrecy and ensure confidentiality and authentication. But, in this paper, we show that Chen’s protocol suffers from the sender and the e-mail server impersonation attacks and mail content confidentiality attack. Moreover, we give an improvement to Chen’s protocol. To contribute a secure multireceiver e-mail protocol, we propose a novel protocol by adopting Lagrange polynomial interpolation. We also discuss the security of the novel multireceiver e-mail protocol. Our protocol provides the perfect forward secrecy and resists unknown key-share attack, replay attack, sender impersonation attack, e-mail server impersonation attack and mail content confidentiality attack.
Patterns of English Learner Student Reclassification in New York City Public Schools. REL 2017-200.

Approximately half the students who entered kindergarten in New York City public schools as English learner students were reclassified as former English learner students within four years (by the end of their expected grade 3 year). Median times to reclassification differed by grade of entry, initial English proficiency, and disability status. English learner students who entered in grade 6 or 7 took a year longer to become reclassified. English learner students with below average initial English proficiency took two years longer to become reclassified than did English learner students with above average initial English proficiency. English learner students with specific learning disabilities took four years longer to become reclassified than did students without such disabilities, and students with speech or language impairments took two years longer to become reclassified than students without these impairments.
METHOD OF LTE FUNCTIONAL UNITS ORGANIZATION WITH EVOLVED PACKET CORE VIRTUALIZETION

Today LTE functional units are implemented on software and hardware that limits its scalability. Moreover, all information flows tied to the network operator topology to sites where are special network equipment for traffic counting and to monitor QoS. The usage of network functions virtualization can help to replace a specialized network device on the software that runs on general-purpose processors. Thus, it can reduce costs through the application of ready-made servers for the implementation of new network functionality. In the article the method of distribution of EPC functions between the active network equipment and cloud infrastructure, which is used for computation. Also algorithm of interaction of network elements at client connects to the network is proposed. This will increase the flexibility and productivity of the process provision services mobile broadband.
A Comparative Study of White Blood cells Segmentation using Otsu Threshold and Watershed Transformation

The aim of white blood cells (WBC) segmentation is to separate leukocytes from other different components in the blood peripheral image. In this paper, a method to segment white blood cells from microscopic images is proposed. The proposed method consists of three stages; Pre-processing, segmentation, and finally post-processing. In the pre-processing step; the color correction is used to enhance the image. In the segmentation step; two techniques have been used which are Otsu threshold and watershed marker-controlled followed by feature extraction. Shape features are used to differentiate between single and grouped cells. Artifacts are removed in the post-processing step. Experimental results show that the accuracy is 99.3% and 93.3% for the watershed based and the Otsu threshold based methods respectively. Experiments demonstrate that watershed marker-controlled outperforms Otsu threshold in the segmentation of WBC.
Semantic Technology for Improved Email Collaboration

Digital means of communications such as email and IM have become a crucial tool for collaboration. Taking advantage of the fact that information exchanged over these media can be made persistent, a lot of research has strived to make sense of the ongoing communication processes in order to support the participants with their management. In this chapter, a workflow-oriented approach is pursued to demonstrate how, coupled with appropriate information extraction techniques, robust knowledge models, and intuitive user interfaces, semantic technology can provide support for email-based collaborative work. While eliciting as much knowledge as possible, the design concept in this chapter imposes little to no changes and/or restrictions to the conventional use of email.
Encoding and decoding affordances: Stuart Hall and interactive media technologies

This essay addresses how digital and interactive media scholars might adapt the concept of affordances in relation to Stuart Hall’s canonical ‘Encoding/Decoding’ model to better account for how certain types of interactivity are promoted or discouraged by new technologies and platforms. In particular, Shaw looks at how the perceptible, hidden, and false affordances of designed objects intersect with Hall’s dominant/hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional reading positions. Merging these theories allows scholars to approach the political implications of audience activities with these technologies in new and more nuanced ways.
Quantifying CO2 Emissions Released from the Materialization Stage of a Traditional Building in Egypt

It is known that the construction industry is always playing an important role in social and economic development, which already pushed it to be considered as a primary source of carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, carbon mitigation plans and energy conservation strategies of buildings had attracted the concentration of many developed countries. Many past studies have been conducted to assess carbon emissions associated with the operation, maintenance and disposal stage of buildings and to reduce it as CO 2 emissions must be assessed firstly in order to find the suitable mitigation plan. There is no any conducted study proposed to assess the initial carbon emissions released from traditional buildings in Egypt. In order to address that issue, the current study proposes a detailed framework for the buildings' initial emissions assessment; the study divides the life cycle of traditional buildings into three stages based on material flow: the materialization and on-site construction stage, operation and maintenance stage and disposal stage. The current study is only focusing the materialization and on-site construction stage as it represents the initial emissions of the building's life cycle. Finally, the carbon emissions debt of the case study is quantified. Results show that the materialization and on-site stage of a traditional residential building in Egypt (with a concrete structure) is contributing a large amount of CO 2 emissions which must be mitigated in the future by adding renewable energy alternatives (which can cut down an equivalent future emissions' debt of the traditional energies going to be consumed by the building).
Detection and correction of inconsistencies of cyclical references in database logical schemas

The transformations of conceptual schemes into logical schemes carried out by database design tools may result in logical schemes that present some kind of inconsistence and therefore the physical schemes will have implementation problems. This work presents an algorithm that allows detecting and correcting these inconsistencies in the logical schema. This algorithm can be implemented in a database design tool.
The Foundations Of Human Society

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Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization for Reducing Data Redundancy in Heterogeneous Cloud Storage

Cloud storage is usually distributed infrastructure, where data is not stored in a single device but is spread to several storage nodes which are located in different areas. To ensure data availability some amount of redundancy has to be maintained. But introduction of data redundancy leads to additional costs such as extra storage space and communication bandwidth which required for restoring data blocks. In the existing system, the storage infrastructure is considered as homogeneous where all nodes in the system have same online availability which leads to efficiency losses. The proposed system considers that distributed storage system is heterogeneous where each node exhibit different online availability. Monte Carlo Sampling is used to measure the online availability of storage nodes. The parallel version of Particle Swarm Optimization is used to assign redundant data blocks according to their online availability. The optimal data assignment policy reduces the redundancy and their associated cost.
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Graph Drawing with a Multiobjective Approach

In this chapter a hybrid algorithm is constructed, implemented and tested for the optimization of graph drawing employing a multiobjective approach. The multiobjective optimization problem for graph drawing consists of three objective functions: minimizing the number of edge crossing, minimizing the graph area, and minimizing the aspect ratio. The population of feasible solutions is generated using a hybrid algorithm and at each step a Pareto front is calculated. This hybrid algorithm combines a global search algorithm (EDA — Estimation of Distribution Algorithm) with a local search Algorithm (HC — Hill Climbing) in order to maintain a balance between the exploration and exploitation. Experiments were performed employing planar and non-planar graphs. A quality index of the obtained solutions by the hybrid MOEA-HCEDA (Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Hill Climbing & Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm) is constructed based on the Pareto front defined in this chapter. A factorial experiment using the algorithm parameters was performed. The factors are number of generations and population size, and the result is the quality index. The best combination of factors levels is obtained. Carlos Alberto Ochoa Ortiz Zezzatti Juarez City University, México