Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The performance of exchange rate regimes in three SADC countries: An overview

This paper provides an overview of the real exchange rate and economic growth dynamics in three lowincome Southern African countries, namely: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Malawi and Mozambique. Specifically, the paper investigates the nature of exchange rate regimes and the impact that they have on economic growth, as well as the movement of real exchange rates and real GDP from 1970—2010 in these countries. The paper identifies the following trends: Fixed exchange regimes were pursued from the 1960s until the late 1980s and early 1990s in these countries, which were growthrepressing; the countries pursued floating and managed-floating regimes from the 1990s to date, resulting in moderate-to-rapid economic growth. We conclude that liberalised exchange rates, which lead to undervalued currencies in these Southern African countries, were growth-enhancing. JEL Classification: E02, N17, O40, O55
REACTION OF OAT CULTIVARS TO ARTIFICIAL INFECTION WITH FUSARIUM CULMORUM SACC. IN TWO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF SLOVAKIA REAKCIA ODRÔD OVSA SIATEHO NA UMELÚ INFEKCIU HUBOU FUSARIUM CULMORUM SACC. V LOKALITÁCH SLOVENSKA

In the areas of Piešťany and Vígľaš-Pstruša during 2006 and 2007, the oat cultivars Ábel, Detvan, Izák, Avenuda and Zvolen were included in the experiment for the evaluation of susceptibility after artificial inoculation. Panicles of oat cultivars were inoculated with a conidial suspension of Fusarium culmorum Sacc. The infection of panicles resulted in damage of kernels, yield reduction and deoxynivalenol cumulation in kernels, which was higher in Piešťany than in Vígľaš-Pstruša. The reaction of cultivars to artificial infection was similar in both locations and years. In both locations, the highest visual damage of kernels as well as thousand grain weight (TGW) reduction appeared in the Izak cultivar and the lowest ones in Zvolen. Also the highest deoxynivalenol cumulation in both locations and both years was in the Izák cultivar and the lowest one in Zvolen. The Ábel cultivar, with a higher visual damage of kernels and TGW reduction, had a lower deoxynivalenol cumulation. The correlation coefficients were positive between visually damaged kernels and deoxynivalenol content and between the reduction of TGW and deoxynivalenol content. In addition, the correlation between visually damaged kernels and the reduction of TGW was positive, too.
On axiomatic definitions of non-discrete affine buildings

In this paper we prove equivalence of sets of axioms for non-discrete affine buildings, by providing different types of metric, exchange and atlas conditions. We apply our result to show that the definition of a Euclidean building depends only on the topological equivalence class of the metric on the model space. The sharpness of the axioms dealing with metric conditions is illustrated in an appendix. There it is shown that a space X defined over a model space with metric d is possibly a building only if the induced distance function on X satisfies the triangle inequality.
State-of-the-Art Recovery of Fermentative Organic Acids by Ionic Liquids: An Overview

Abstract The main achievements of liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) of fermentative organic acids from their aqueous sources using a diverse range of ionic liquids are summarized since the first study appeared in 2004. The literature survey is organized in consideration of the distinct chemical structures of the organic acids. The acids discussed include mono– or dicarboxylic ones (butyric, L-malic and succinic acids), acids bearing both carboxyl and hydroxyl groups (L-lactic, citric and mevalonic acids), and volatile organic acids (mainly acetic acid). Information is given about ionic liquids applied in recovery, and the resultant extraction efficiencies and partition coefficients. As the topic is novel and experimental studies scarce, the selection of the ionic liquids that were tested still seems random. This may well change in the future, especially after improving the ecological and toxicological characteristics of the ionic liquids in order to bring about an “in situ” method of extraction without harming the microbial producers of the organic acids.
REDUCTION OF ZERO SEQUENCE VOLTAGE USING MULTILEVEL INVERTER FED OPEN-END WINDING INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

Modern inverters have been employed to achieve high dynamic operation in the context of variable speed drives. But due to high dv/dt introduces Zero Sequence Voltage (ZSV) results in adverse effects like bearing currents and electromagnetic interference. In this proposed work, the techniques to overcome the drawbacks due to conventional inverter and multilevel inverter have been presented i.e, by using multilevel inverter fed open end winding. In this paper the performance characteristics of Induction motor with different PWM techniques like sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), third harmonic injection PWM(THIPWM) have been analyzed and the harmonic analysis has been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and to validate the proposed work, several simulation results for different modulation index are listed out.
Lunar Eclipses and Allais Effect

Two anomalies observed during lunar eclipses, the enlargement of the Earth`s shadow and the excessive clarity of the penumbra, possibly attributed to insufficient causes if not doubtful, would refute the assertion of certain experimenters according to which the lunar Allais eclipse effect would be almost impossible to detect. The Earth`s umbra seems to be 2% larger than what is expected from geometrical considerations and it is believed that the Earth`s atmosphere is responsible for the extent of the enlargement, but it is realized that the atmospheric absorption cannot explain light absorption at a height as high as 90 km above the Earth, as required by this hypothesis. It was also argued that the irradiation of the Moon in the Earth`s shadow during the eclipse is caused by the refraction of sunlight in the upper regions of the Earth`s atmosphere. However, the shade toward the center is too bright to be accounted for by refraction of visible sunlight. Although these assumptions are not trifling, we attribute the majority of these abnormalities to the Allais eclipse effect. This effect would cause a slight decrease of gravity during the eclipse: the geodesics would be displaced a small amount outwards, the ray of light coming from the Sun, passing close by the Moon would be less attracted, which would expand the shadow cone of the Moon. On the other hand, the rays emanating from the Moon would have a shorter wavelength and therefore the luminescence would increase by anti-Stoke Raman effect: the scattered photon has more energy than the absorbed photon.
Detecting the cosmological recombination signal from space

Spectral distortions of the CMB have recently experienced an increased interest. One of the inevitable distortion signals of our cosmological concordance model is created by the cosmological recombination process, just a little before photons last scatter at redshift $z\simeq 1100$. These cosmological recombination lines, emitted by the hydrogen and helium plasma, should still be observable as tiny deviation from the CMB blackbody spectrum in the cm--dm spectral bands. In this paper, we present a forecast for the detectability of the recombination signal with future satellite experiments. We argue that serious consideration for future CMB experiments in space should be given to probing spectral distortions and, in particular, the recombination line signals. The cosmological recombination radiation not only allows determination of standard cosmological parameters, but also provides a direct observational confirmation for one of the key ingredients of our cosmological model: the cosmological recombination history. We show that, with present technology, such experiments are futuristic but feasible. The potential rewards won by opening this new window to the very early universe could be considerable.
Wfinter ffood habfits off the Golden Jackal Canfis aureus ( Mammalfia : Carnfivora : Canfidae ) fin Patna Bfird Sanctuary , Uttar Pradesh , Indfia

Golden Jackal Canfis aureus findficus survfives fin a wfide range off envfironment. Its fforagfing adaptafion varfies accordfing to the qualfity and abundance off ffood sources and accordfing to season and habfitat. Thfis study finvesfigated the dfiet composfifion off Golden Jackal usfing scat analysfis method between November 2012 and Aprfil 2013 ffrom Patna Bfird Sanctuary (PBS), Utar Pradesh, Indfia. A total off 83 scats off Golden Jackal were colected and analysed. Sfixteen ffood fitems were fidenfified fin Golden Jackal scats. Bfirds contrfibuted maxfimum (ca. 38.92%) fin Golden Jackal dfiet ffolowed by rodents (ca. 12.14%), finsects (ca. 8.92%), repfile (ca. 8.57%), vegetafive mater (ca. 13.56%), Ruffous-tafiled Hare (ca. 6.07%), catle (ca. 2.5%), squfirrel (ca. 1.42%), Nfilgafi (ca. 1.07%) and Common Palm Cfivet (ca. 0.71 %). About 6.07 % off the prey fitems, however, could not be fidenfified. Out off ca. 38.92% fin bfird contrfibufion to the dfiet composfifion, Egret alone contrfibuted ca.20. 35% ffolowed by Garganey ca. 8.93%, Greater Caucal ca. 5.71%, Babbler ca.1.07% and ca. 2.85% remafins off bfirds could not be fidenfified at the specfies level.
Approach to Harmonic Mitigation Study in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems Using Three Phase Boost Rectifiers

Wind energy is an important source of electrical power in recent years. d summarize the content of the paper. Its main advantage comes from the fact of being a renewable and environmental-friendly energy. Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) applied to wind energy conversion system (WECS) using variable speed operation is being used more frequently in wind turbine application. Variable speed systems have several advantages over the traditional method of operating wind turbines, such as the reduction of mechanical stress and an increase in energy capture. To allow the variable speed operation of the PMSG WECS a conventional three-phase bridge rectifier (BR) with a bulky capacitor associated with a voltage source current controlled inverter (VS-CCI) is used. This paper presents a comparative simulation study between three different approaches applied to harmonic mitigation in PMSG WECS. The studied techniques are single-switch three-phase boost rectifier and three-phase boost type PWM rectifier.
Adjuvant arthritis 50 years on : the impact of the 1956 article by

The Science Citation Index (Web of Science) has now accumulated over 700 citations to this report published in Proc Soc exp Biol Med 1956; 91: 95–101, including several in 2006. This memoire is a tribute to its author for revealing the opportunities for so much subsequent research in experimental pharmacology and toxicology. For half a century, the adjuvant disease in rats has enormously aided research on drugs to control arthritis and other chronic infl ammatory disorders. The adjuvant also triggers many systemic responses beyond the articular tissues. So we are given simultaneously a window to explore the converse phenomenon: namely, how a chronic disease can affect drug effi cacy and toxicity. This phenomenon has been variously described as patho-pharmacodynamics, conditional pharmacology/toxicology and ‘a right nuisance’! Nevertheless it has enormous heuristic value for clinical therapeutics.
Phonetically balanced Bangla speech corpus

This paper describes the development of a phonetically balanced Bangla speech corpus. Construction of speech applications such as text to speech and speech recognition requires a phonetically balanced speech database in order to obtain a natural output. Here we elicited text collection procedure, text normalization, G2P 1 conversion and optimal text selection using a greedy selection method and hand pruning.
Design and Implementation of Small Target Detection System based on Invariant Feature

In our study, computer graphics are discussed and they are collected by the image sensor with an analog electrical signal. During acquisition of image, 3D space is relative to the camera system of different viewpoints with the same goals, it will cause the target respect to the change in orientation of imaging system and attitude, which will change the target in the imaging system. Images showed the same target image. Change the viewpoint to target in 3D space, which relative to the movement of the imaging system, such as change of the target rotation, translation and scale. We need to find or construct some sort of goal in order to make the motion or the target image features do not change. Such features and feature amounts are called invariance, and invariants. It is invariance only reflect the same characteristics or the same type of target, or that the nature with differences between different modes in the visual information. Because they are in 3D space with the target location, attitude and independent according to people who are easy to find the right target.
Learning Automatic Question Answering from Community Data

Although traditional search engines can retrieval thousands or millions of web links related to input keywords, users still need to manually locate answers to their information needs from multiple returned documents or initiate further searches. Question Answering (QA) is an effective paradigm to address this problem, which automatically finds one or more accurate and concise answers to natural language questions. Existing QA systems often rely on off-the-shelf Natural Language Processing (NLP) resources and tools that are not optimized for the QA task. Additionally, they tend to require hand-crafted rules to extract properties from input questions which, in turn, means that it would be time and manpower consuming to build comprehensive QA systems. In this thesis, we study the potentials of using the Community Question Answering (cQA) archives as a central building block of QA systems. To that end, this thesis proposes two cQA-based query expansion and structured query generation approaches, one employed in Text-based QA and the other in Ontology-based QA. In addition, based on above structured query generation method, an end-to-end open-domain Ontology-based QA is developed and evaluated on a standard factoid QA benchmark.
Educational Inequality in the EU

Since the publication of the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), scholarly interest in analysing the effectiveness and performance of education policy has risen again. The present article follows this path and presents the first empirical evaluation of the influence of national education policies on educational inequality in the European Union member states. We examine whether the availability of preschool education, an all-day school tradition, tracking during secondary education, a large private school sector, average class size and education expenditures moderate the relationship between individual social background and educational success. As a main finding, our multi-level analyses show that education policy affects educational inequality very differently, an outcome that is most visible when comparing West European and post-communist countries.
Board structure and corporate entrepreneurship: A case study of U.K

This study examines the relationship between corporate governance that is board structure and composition and corporate entrepreneurship. Existing research examines aspects of governance and entrepreneurship without any consideration of the links that may exist between these two drivers. This study seeks to address this gap. Five propositions were developed to test the relationship of board structure and corporate entrepreneurship: relationship between ratio of outsiders and the level of corporate entrepreneurship; relationship between the presence of outside board of directors with ownership and the level of corporate entrepreneurship; relationship between board size and corporate entrepreneurship level in the organisation; relationship between the frequency of board meetings and entrepreneurial activities; relationship between the frequency of board committee meetings and entrepreneurial activities. A mixed method approach (pragmatic) was employed for testing these 5 propositions in triangulating and elaborating upon the research findings. Two qualitative studies were undertaken to ascertain the nature of corporate entrepreneurship and corporate governance, as they are generally perceived. This, along with other evidences, enabled the development of a corporate entrepreneurship index and corporate governance index. A quantitative analysis using survey and secondary data was then undertaken, based on the FTSE100 companies to ascertain the nature of relationship between these two indices. Qualitative case studies were then used through an interview process to gain deeper understanding of the issues involved. The findings indicated that certain aspects of board structure and composition such as board size, frequency of board and sub-committee meetings were found to impact negatively on entrepreneurial activities. Key words: Corporate governance, corporate entrepreneurship, board structure, board composition, triangulation.
Brain drain and inequality across nations 1

Is the brain drain a curse or a boon for developing countries? This paper reviews what is known to date about the magnitude of the brain drain from developing to developed countries, its determinants and the way it affects the well-being of those left behind. First, I present alternative measures of the brain drain and characterize its evolution over the last 25 years. Then, I review the theoretical and empirical literature. Although the brain drain is a major source of concern for origin countries, it also induces positive effects through various channels such as remittances, return migration, diaspora externalities, quality of governance and increasing return to education. Whilst many scientists and international institutions praise the unambiguous benefits of unskilled migration for developing countries, my analysis suggests that a limited but positive skilled emigration rate (say between 5 and 10 percent) can also be good for development. Nevertheless, the current spatial distribution of the brain drain is such that many poor countries are well above this level, such as subSaharan African and Central American countries. JEL Classification: F22, J61
Watermarking for Relational Database by using Threshold Generator

Providing ownership on relational database is a cru cial issue in today internet-based application environments and in many content distribution applications.This paper provides the effective wate rmarking technique to protect valuable numeric relational data from illegal dupli cations and redistributions as well as to claim ownership,the robustness of propos ed system depending on using new hybrid techniques ,first technique MAC(Message Authentication Code) that used one way hash function SHA1 ,second technique is threshold generator base on simple combination of odd number of register an d by using secret key in proposed system. Detecting the watermark neither re quires access to neither the original data nor the watermark. The watermark can be detected even in a small subset of a watermarked relation as long as the sam ple contains some of the marks. The finally stage is the analysis of technique that used, our extensive analysis shows that the proposed technique is robust against various forms of malicious attacks and updates to the data.
Coalition-Proof Equilibrium

We characterize the set of agreements that the players of a non-cooperative game may reach when they have the opportunity to communicate prior to play. We show that communication allows the players to correlate their actions. Therefore, we take the set of correlated strategies as the space of agreements. Since we consider situations where agreements are non-binding, they must not be subject to profitable self-enforcing deviations by coalitions of players. A coalition-proof equilibrium is a correlated strategy from which no coalition has an improving and self-enforcing deviation. A coalition-proof equilibrium exists when there is a correlated strategy which (i) has a support contained in the set of actions that survive the iterated elimination of strictly dominated strategies, and (ii) weakly Pareto dominates every other correlated strategy whose support is contained in that set. Consequently, the unique equilibrium of a dominance solvable game is coalition-proof.
Extended Validation Study of the Thinking and Creative Style Scale: Development of a Shorter Version

ABSTRACT - There are several measures of cognition and creative styles, however few of them are valid and short enough to be administered in different settings. Therefore, this study had two purposes: to reanalyze and obtain validity evidence of the Scale of Thinking and Creative Scale (STCS), developed by Wechsler, measuring fve styles, based on a progression of increasingly rigorous exploratory and confrmatory factor analytic procedures, and (b) to provide a viable psychometrically sound short version of this scale. Based on a sample of 1,752 Brazilians (55% women; ages 14 to 70) living in four states (93% from Sao Paulo), results strongly supported fve dimensions of thinking and creative style, thus indicating the validity and reliability of the abridged STCS version. Keywords : psychological assessment, styles, creativity, validity, factor
Economic and Environmental Performance Indicators in Belgian GRI Reports

Despite the upsurge in sustainability reporting worldwide, there is still a large gap between the reporting rates of different countries and sectors around the world. This paper analyzes how Belgian organizations report the economic and environmental performance indicators in their sustainability reports, with the aim to evaluate the quality and completeness of this information. Besides a detailed content analysis of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reports of Belgian organizations, synergies with new developments, such as the GRI G4 guidelines and integrated reporting are sought. Economic aspects are generally reported through
AUGMENTING POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF GANDHAKA RASAYANA (A SIDDHA COMPOUND) USING GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENIC STRAINS

In the present study, augmented antifungal activity of Gandhaka Rasayana in the presence of biosynthesized silver nanopa rticles against selected Candida spp. has been demonstrated. Silver nanoparticles were biologically synthesized from the leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis. The stable silver nanoparticles were characterized by means of UV - Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, TE M, EDX and FTIR; the nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 415 nm in the UV spectrum. The presence of proteins and functional group was identified by FTIR. TEM micrograph revealed the formation of poly dispersed nanoparticles and the presence of ele mental silver was confirmed by EDS analysis. The antifungal activity of Gandhaka R asayana drastically increased in the presence of lower concentration of bio logically synthesized silver nanoparticles. This would be help ful in reducing the side effects caus ed by the excess use of the drug.