Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Stealth Attack Strategy Design for Linear Cyber-Physical Systems

This article studies the problem of the optimal stealth attack strategy design for linear cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Virtual systems that reflect the attacker’s target are constructed, and a linear attack model with varying gains is designed based on the virtual models. Unlike the existing optimal stealth attack strategies that are designed based on sufficient conditions, necessary and sufficient conditions are, respectively, established to achieve the optimal attack performance while maintaining stealth in virtue of the solvability of certain coupled recursive Riccati difference equations (RDEs). Under those conditions, an optimal stealth attack strategy is constructed by an offline algorithm. A simulation example is applied to verify the effectiveness of the presented technical scheme.
Towards the optical cochlear implant: optogenetic approaches for hearing restoration

Cochlear implants (CIs) are considered the most successful neuroprosthesis as they enable speech comprehension in the majority of half a million CI users suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. By electrically stimulating the auditory nerve, CIs constitute an interface re‐connecting the brain and the auditory scene, providing the patient with information regarding the latter. However, since electric current is hard to focus in conductive environments such as the cochlea, the precision of electrical sound encoding—and thus quality of artificial hearing—is limited. Recently, optogenetic stimulation of the cochlea has been suggested as an alternative approach for hearing restoration. Cochlear optogenetics promises increased spectral selectivity of artificial sound encoding, hence improved hearing, as light can conveniently be confined in space to activate the auditory nerve within smaller tonotopic ranges. In this review, we discuss the latest experimental and technological developments of cochlear optogenetics and outline the remaining challenges on the way to clinical translation.
At the Crossroads of the Adipocyte and Osteoclast Differentiation Programs: Future Therapeutic Perspectives

The coordinated development and function of bone-forming (osteoblasts) and bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) cells is critical for the maintenance of skeletal integrity and calcium homeostasis. An enhanced adipogenic versus osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been linked to bone loss associated with diseases such as diabetes mellitus, as well as aging and postmenopause. In addition to an inherent decrease in bone formation due to reduced osteoblast numbers, recent experimental evidence indicates that an increase in bone marrow adipocytes contributes to a disproportionate increase in osteoclast formation. Therefore, a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention in chronic bone loss disorders such as osteoporosis is to interfere with the pro-osteoclastogenic influence of marrow adipocytes. However, application of this approach is limited by the extremely complex regulatory processes in the osteoclastogenic program. For example, key regulators of osteoclastogenesis such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and the soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are not only secreted by both osteoblasts and adipocytes, but are also regulated through several cytokines produced by these cell types. In this context, biologically active signaling molecules secreted from bone marrow adipocytes, such as chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and resistin, can have a profound influence on the osteoclast differentiation program of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and thus, hold therapeutic potential under disease conditions. In addition to these paracrine signals, adipogenic transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBP beta (C/EBPβ) and peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor gamma (PPARγ) are also expressed by osteoclastogenic cells. However, in contrast to MSCs, activation of these adipogenic transcription factors in HSCs promotes the differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts. Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link adipogenic signaling molecules and transcription factors to the osteoclast differentiation program and highlight therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms for promoting bone homeostasis.
Folate, alcohol, ADH1B and ALDH2 and colorectal cancer risk

Abstract Objective: There is limited evidence on the interaction by alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH1B) (rs1229984) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) (rs671) regarding the associations of alcohol and a methyl diet (low folate and high alcohol intake) with cancer risk, partly because of rare polymorphisms in Western populations. Design: In a case–control study, we estimated the ORs and 95 % CIs to evaluate the associations of ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the joint association between methyl diets and ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms with CRC risk using logistic regression models. Setting: A hospital-based case–control study. Participants: In total, 1001 CRC cases and 899 cancer-free controls admitted to two university hospitals. Results: We found that alcohol intake increased the risk of CRC; OR (95 % CI) was 2·02 (1·41, 2·87) for ≥60 g/d drinkers compared with non-drinkers (P trend < 0·001). The associations for two polymorphisms with CRC were not statistically significant. However, we found a potential interaction of ALDH2 with methyl diets and CRC. We observed a 9·08-fold (95 % CI 1·93, 42·60) higher risk of CRC for low-methyl diets compared with high-methyl diets among individuals with an A allele of ALDH2, but the association was not apparent among those with ALDH2 GG (P interaction = 0·02). Conclusions: Our data support the evidence that gene–methyl diet interactions may be involved in CRC risk in East Asian populations, showing that a low-methyl diet increased the risk of CRC among individuals with an A allele of ALDH2.
Treatment exceeds expectations with vemurafenib monotherapy in a patient with BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic melanoma

Introduction Patients with distant metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis, with a reported median survival time of six to eight months. In modern era, survival has prolonged with the immunotherapy and targeted therapy options. Potent and selective BRAF inhibitors have been developed that specifically inhibit mutated BRAF over other RAF kinases. Vemurafenib was the first selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed to target the V600E allele of BRAF-mutant melanoma. Case Report In this report, we present a case of BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic melanoma, which is being treated with vemurafenib monotherapy with complete response for about seven years. Management and Outcome The patient is still being treated with vemurafenib and radiologic complete response is ongoing for about seven years. Discussion Patients treated with BRAF inhibitors monotherapy had promising response rates and improvement in the progression-free survival and overall survival, but melanoma cells became resistant very quickly, affecting the progression. In this case, we present a case that has permanent response to vemurafenib monotherapy.
Asbestos-related cancers: the ‘Hidden Killer’ remains a global threat

ABSTRACT Introduction: Asbestos, the most frequent cause of occupational cancer, continues to be consumed on a massive scale, with millions of people exposed on a daily basis. This review explains why we have failed in curtailing the silent epidemic of asbestos-related disease and why the numbers of asbestos victims are likely to remain high. Emerging and developed countries have to be reminded that asbestos exposure has yet to become a problem of the past. The worldwide spread of asbestos, followed by the surge of asbestos-related cancers, resembles the lung cancer epidemic caused by smoking and stimulated by manufacturers. Areas covered: Underreporting of malignant mesothelioma and asbestos-induced lung cancer, frequently-used arguments in the amphibole/chrysotile debate and the conclusion from bona-fide research organizations, that all forms of asbestos are carcinogenic, are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the consequences of ubiquitous environmental asbestos and the ‘changing face’ of malignant mesothelioma in countries with heavy asbestos use in the past. Expert opinion: Experts in oncology, respiratory medicine, occupational and public health, and basic researchers must take responsibility and acknowledge the ongoing silent epidemic of asbestos-related diseases. The call for a world-wide asbestos ban is more urgent than ever.
EARLY DETECTION OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSING FOR SAFEDRIVING

: Sudden pedestrian crossing is the major reason for many accidents on the roads. To reduce these type of accidents we propose an advanced driver assistance system using Raspberry Pi. We focus on detecting pedestrians crossing the road and provide assistance drivers.Integration of face detection and human detection takes place on the Raspberry Pi. Open CV was used for the detection and programmed in Python. The Pi camera was used to capture images and image processing takes place,it gives the buzzer intimation to the driver for attention and also slows down the speed of vehicle. The application has two major requirements to detect crossing pedestrians as early as possible just as they enter the view of the car-mounted camera and to maintain alarm system to alert the driver. Arranging this type of devices in vehicles can reduce collisions between pedestrians and vehicles.
Influence of forage level and corn grain processing on whole-body urea kinetics, and serosal-to-mucosal urea flux and expression of urea transporters and aquaporins in the ovine ruminal, duodenal, and cecal epithelia.

The objectives were to determine the effects of forage level and grain processing on whole-body urea kinetics, N balance, serosal-to-mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea), and mRNA abundance of urea transporter-B (UT-B; SLC14a1) and aquaporins (AQP) in ovine ruminal, duodenal, and cecal epithelia. Thirty-two wether lambs were blocked by BW into groups of 4 and assigned to 1 of 4 diets (n = 8) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Dietary factors were forage level (30% [LF] vs. 70% [HF]) and corn grain processing (whole-shelled [WS] vs. steam-flaked [SF]). Four blocks of lambs (n = 4) were used to determine urea kinetics and N balance using 4-d [15N15N]-urea infusions with concurrent fecal and urine collections. Lambs were killed after 23 d of dietary adaptation. Ruminal, duodenal, and cecal epithelia were collected to determine Jsm-urea and mRNA abundance of UT-B and AQP. Lambs fed LF had greater intakes of dry matter (DMI; 1.20 vs. 0.86 kg/d) and N (NI; 20.1 vs 15.0 g/d) than those fed HF (P < 0.01). Lambs fed SF had greater DMI (1.20 vs. 0.86 kg/d) and NI (20.6 vs. 14.5 g/d) than those fed WS (P < 0.01). As a % of NI, total N excretion was greater in lambs fed HF compared to those fed LF (103 vs. 63.0%; P < 0.01), and was also greater in lambs fed WS compared to those fed SF (93.6 vs. 72.1%; P = 0.02). Retained N (% of NI) was greater in lambs fed LF compared to those fed HF (37.0 vs. -2.55%; P < 0.01). Lambs fed SF had a greater (P = 0.02) retained N (% of NI; 28.0 vs. 6.50%) compared to those fed WS. Endogenous urea production (UER) tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in lambs fed HF compared to those fed LF. As a proportion of UER, lambs fed HF had a greater urinary urea-N loss (0.38 vs. 0.22), and lower urea-N transferred to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; 0.62 vs. 0.78) or urea-N used for anabolism (as a proportion of urea-N transferred to the GIT; 0.12 vs. 0.26) compared to lambs fed LF (P < 0.01). Ruminal Jsm-urea was unaffected by diet. Duodenal Jsm-urea was greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed HF compared to LF (77.5 vs. 57.2 nmol/[cm2 × h]). Lambs fed LF had greater (P = 0.03) mRNA expression of AQP3 in ruminal epithelia and tended (P = 0.06) to have greater mRNA expression of AQP3 in duodenal epithelia compared to lambs fed HF. Expression of UT-B mRNA was unaffected by diet. Our results showed that feeding more ruminally-available energy improved N utilization, partly through a greater proportion of UER being transferred to the GIT and being used for anabolic purposes.
From Sarcopenia to Frailty: The Pathophysiological Basis and Potential Target Molecules of Intervention

Skeletal muscle is not only an endocrine organ but also one of core components of muscloskeletal system. Sarcopenia refers to a decline in the skeletal muscle mass and function. The former involves the size and number of changes in two types of myofibers, lower satellite cell density, and regeneration ability. The latter shows a loss of muscle strength. Frailty is a geriatric syndrome with multisystem impairment associated with increased vulnerability to stressors. Sarcopenia increases the risk of frailty and may be one of the major causes of physical frailty phenotype. Sarcopenia is also potentially associated with cognitive frailty phenotype. Aging might be the common underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia and frailty. Therefore, there are some potential target molecules in aging-related signaling pathways that might be associated with sarcopenia and frailty. Nevertheless, sarcopenia can mediate metabolism and promote accelerate systemic aging, frailty, and age-related diseases by myokines in an endocrine manner. Lifestyle interventions (resistance exercise and dietary restriction) of gerontoscience are effective in the prevention of sarcopenia. Some pharmacological agents are registered in different phases of clinical trials for sarcopenia intervention. Phytochemicals, mTOR inhibitors, metformin and acarbose, NAD precursors, and sirtuin activators demonstrated that multiple target antiaging effects might also have preventive and therapeutic perspectives on sarcopenia and frailty.
Pedometer Measured Step Counts and Bone Mineral Density among Premenopausal Women

Pedometers have become popular physical activity measurement tools and have proven to be valid and reliable. Opportunity for bone impact comes mostly from weight bearing physical activity and is captured by the use of these devises. However, there is question about the intensity of impact needed to stimulate changes in bone tissue. Research focused on walking activity, which comprises a majority of daily physical activity for most individuals, has resulted in conflicting effects on the commencement of bone tissue remodeling. The purpose of this study was to measure pedometer based daily physical activity and determine whether these data significantly correlate with aBMD (areal bone mineral density) (g/cm2) measures among premenopausal women. A secondary purpose was to look specifically at the relationship between moderate intensity level data and aBMD. Forty-two pre-menopausal women from central Minnesota participated in the summer of 2011. Body mass index, calcium, vitamin D, total, and moderate intensity steps were tallied, and hip and lumbar spine aBMD was measured. Significant bivariate correlations (p < .05) were found between calcium and femoral, lumbar spine, and L2 aBMD measures. No correlations were found between age or vitamin D intake and aBMD measures. Significant bivariate correlations were also found between body mass index and L1, L3, L4, and total hip aBMD. No significant bivariate correlations were found between aBMD measures and total step or moderate intensity counts. Partial correlations, controlling for calcium and body mass index, did not reveal any correlations between total or moderate step counts and aBMD. It is plausible to conclude that the Omron HJ-303 pedometer may not be an appropriate tool for tracking bone building activity. Researchers need to continue to look for a consumer tool that effectively tracks this type of activity for those interested in improving bone health.
Ketamine Versus Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department

Acute pain is one of the most common complaints in the emergency department. With recent efforts to find effective non-opioid analgesics, ketamine has surfaced as a potential option for ED analgesia.1-3 While ketamine is typically used as a sedative agent, several studies have shown that when it is administered in sub-dissociative doses, both as a stand-alone agent and as an adjunct to opioids, it may also provide analgesia.4 Two recently published meta-analyses compared ketamine with opioid analgesics in adult ED patients with acute pain.
Effect of Hemoglobin A1c Reduction or Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure in Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist and Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitor Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta‐Analysis

Background Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have shown their beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes and multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension. However, the mechanism of blood pressure (BP)–lowering effects of these agents has not been elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hemoglobin A1c reduction or body weight reduction with GLP‐1RA treatment and SGLT2i treatment on BP changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results Studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register until June 2019. Meta‐regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between hemoglobin A1c reduction or body weight reduction and changes of BP. A total of 184 trials were included. Both GLP‐1RA and SGLT2i led to significant reductions in systolic BP (weighted mean difference, −2.856 and −4.331 mm Hg, respectively; P<0.001 for both) and diastolic BP (weighted mean difference, −0.898 and −2.279 mm Hg, respectively; P<0.001 for both). For both drug classes, hemoglobin A1c reduction was not independently associated with systolic BP reduction or diastolic BP reduction. In GLP‐1RA treatment, weight reduction was positively associated with systolic BP reduction and diastolic BP reduction (β=0.821 and β=0.287, respectively; P<0.001 for both). In SGLT2i treatment, weight loss was significantly associated with systolic BP reduction (β=0.820; P=0.001) but was not associated with diastolic BP reduction. Conclusions Treatment with GLP‐1RA and SGLT2i led to significant reductions in BP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Weight reduction was significantly and independently associated with BP reductions in GLP‐1RA treatment and SGLT2i treatment.
The Dose-Response Association of Physical Activity and the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Adults: NHANES 1999-2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with an emphasis on examining the relationship between leisure time physical activity (L TPA) and the metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of the United States (U.S.) adult population within the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The sample for.this study included adults (N=5620), 20 years and older, who attended a mobile examination center (MEC) examination in the NHANES 1999-2004. The American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) AHA/NHLBI definition was used to define the metabolic syndrome based on the results of a preliminary pilot study found in Appendix A. A metabolic syndrome risk score (MSRS), ranging from Oto 5 was created to sum cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Accumulating a MSRS ? _3 designated a metabolic syndrome diagnosis, a dependent variable within this study. Physical activity (PA) was measured in two ways; a six-level measure of MET·minutes per week, comprised of PA frequency, intensity, and duration and a three-level variable (no leisure-time physical activity (L TPA), insufficient L TPA, and an L TPA level equivalent to meeting the CDC/ACSM PA recommendation) associated with the current Centers for Disease Control and American College of Sports Medicine public health PA recommendation (CDC/ACSM). SUDAAN statistical software was
Impact of Company News and Consumer Sentimentson Stock Price Fluctuation

: Stocks fluctuate because of many economic and non-economic reasons and many researches tried to quantify reasons for fluctuations in order to predict how much a stock will rise/fall. One of the most important factors is consumer sentiment and news. In this research, intensity-based sentiment analysis is used to measure sentiments of news articles and social media(tweets)of considered stocks. Regression Analysis on the sentiment scores is obtained which reveals that there might be a strong correlation between news, social media & stock price fluctuation for some stocks and thus quantifying their sentiments is essential to study stock fluctuations with precision
User Profile Completion with Online Social Circles

: User profile is a kind of most effective feature and cue of user behavioranalysis. However, most ofusers'profiles are incomplete and untruthful, and users' tag and profile data are rathersparse on social media. It makes profile completionbecomeapopularresearch topic. Users have manystrongrelationships online, and theserelationshipsformmany social circles, such as classmate, family and colleague. A user'sdifferent online social circlescanrepresentthisuser'svarious social attributes. We focus the task of user profile completion in thispaper. We propose an algorithm of user profile completion via users' social circles by non-negative matrix factorization. The methodcandetectauser's multi-dimension social characteristicsfromvarious social circles. Wealsotransfer the concept of social circle to academic networks. A papermay cite otherpaperswithseveral intentions. Some of the referencesmaybe relevant according to the researchproblems and otherreferencesmaybe relevant according to the methodologies. The references of different topics formdifferent "referencecircle". By an academicpaper'sdifferent "referencecircle", our model candetect the paper's keywords in differentviews. The experiment on Facebook LinkedIn and Microsoft AcademicSearch show ourmethod has improved performance than state-of-art methods.
Powdery mildew resistance in selections from barley landraces collected from Turkey

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, after wheat, maize and rice. In West Asia, including Turkey, barley is often grown in marginal agricultural areas with low annual precipitation (often less than 220 mm). Landraces in this area are important as they are often the only rain-fed crop possible and they are cultivated on mountain slopes at elevations higher than other cereals (CECCARELLI et al., 2000).
LOADING SPEED OPTIMIZATION OF A WEBSITE

— Every website that we use needs to be loaded for us to begin using it and the speed at which the website loads depends on various factors such as the format of the images that are used in the website, the content delivery network that was used in order to access the website, the media files that exists within the website, the key words that is used within the website, the size of the landing page of the website and many such factors. Any optimization of the above mentioned factors would result in a website with the least loading speed which is the basic criteria considered by search engines in order to rank websites based on which the websites are displayed in the search results. Any website that satisfies the above mentioned criteria would result in the top in search results of a search engine. Any existing website is optimized by starting with the images and other media content of the landing page followed by the size optimization of the website and then the use of a content delivery network that helps the user to fetch the data from the closest server available thereby minimizing the time required to fetch the data from the central servers.And other such optimization are performed in order to increase the ranking of the website.