Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'I accept it [staff assistance]; no choice': an ethnographic study of residents' attitudes towards mobility within nursing homes.

BACKGROUND Mobility contributes to the quality of life and independence of residents in nursing homes. To perform resident-centred mobility care, staff need to understand residents' physical capacity and perspectives of care. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to explore residents' perspectives of intrinsic factors influencing their mobility and associations between these factors with a view to informing resident mobility care practice improvements. DESIGN The study was part of a larger ethnographic project exploring safe resident mobility care in nursing homes. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with nursing home residents supplemented by non-participant observations were conducted over a 20-month period from July 2010. Fifteen residents consented to be interviewed in three nursing homes in Melbourne, Australia. Unobtrusive observations of 46 mobility events took place in three nursing homes over 5 months from September, 2011. RESULTS Participants identified intrinsic factors that influence their mobility including mobility capacity, strategies to cope with mobility loss, motivation and efforts to remain mobile. Three themes related to resident attitudes and responses to mobility loss emerged: acceptance of mobility loss and staff assistance; motivation to remain mobile; and acquiescence and loss of control during mobility events. A conceptual model developed from the study outlined associations between resident attitudes and mobility and quality of life outcomes. Discussion was framed by theories of ageing and adaptation: selection, optimisation and compensation; learned dependency; and learned helplessness. CONCLUSION Resident acceptance of mobility loss, and required staff assistance and realistic determination to remain mobile contribute to residents' quality of life. Mobility care based on considerations of resident choice, autonomy and the value of mobility is important.
Gamification: Auswirkungen auf Usability, Datenqualität und Motivation

Mit dem Einsatz von Spielelementen im spielfremden Kontext wird die Methode der Gamifizierung derzeit als universelles Mittel zur Prozessoptimierung diskutiert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Verbesserungspotenziale durch Einsatz von Gamifizierung in RFID-basierten Prozessen, insbesondere der RFID-basierten Bestandserfassung, aufzudecken. Neben einer argumentativen Herleitung der Methodeneignung wird ein konkretes Gamifizierungs-Konzept vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse von Fokusgruppenstudien und Laborexperimenten mit mehr als 13.800 Leseoperationen zeigen eine deutliche Steigerung der Bedienbarkeit, Datenqualität sowie Mitarbeitermotivation. Abhängig vom Grad der Gamifizierung erhöht sich jedoch auch die Zeit, welche pro Prozessiteration benötigt wird.
19 Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Brain Tumors

Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to reject cancers. The main premise is to harness the patient's immune system to attack the malignant tumor cells. This area of research has made tremendous progresses, and the United States Food and Drug Administration recently approved a vaccine for prostate cancers as the first approval for vaccines against non-viral cancers (Kantoff et al., 2010). However, when it comes to central nervous system (CNS) tumors, while early phase immunotherapy trials showed encouraging outcomes, the immunological microenvironment of the CNS and tumors arising in the CNS is still believed to be suboptimal for sufficient antitumor immune responses to mediate clinically-meaningful changes in situ (Okada, H. et al., 2009; Walker, P. R. et al., 2003). In this chapter, we first discuss recent advances in the CNS and CNS tumor immunology. We address factors that may promote immune escape of gliomas. We also review advances in passive and active immunotherapy strategies for glioma, with an emphasis on lessons learned from recent early phase clinical trials. We also discuss novel immunotherapy strategies that have been recently tested in non-CNS tumors with great potential for application to CNS tumors. We will finally discuss how each of these promising strategies can be combined to achieve clinical benefit for patients with CNS tumors.
Rapid loss of intraportally transplanted islets: an overview of pathophysiology and preventive strategies

Abstract: Islets isolated from multiple pancreas donors are often necessary to achieve euglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients treated by islet allotransplantation. This increases the burden on the limited pool of donor organs. After infusion into the portal vein, a substantial percentage of islets are lost in the immediate post‐transplant period through an inflammatory response termed the instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). IBMIR is equally, if not more of a problem after islet xenotransplantation, e.g., using pig islets in non‐human primates. Coagulation, platelet aggregation, complement activation, and neutrophil and monocyte infiltration play roles in this reaction. IBMIR is potentially triggered by islet surface molecules, such as tissue factor and collagen residues that are normally not in direct contact with the blood. Also, stress during the islet isolation process results in the expression and production of several inflammatory mediators by the islets themselves. The potential mechanisms involved in this rapid graft loss and treatment options to reduce this loss are reviewed. Preventive strategies for IBMIR can include systemic treatment of the recipient, pre‐conditioning of the isolated islets, or, in the case of xenotransplantation, genetic modification of the organ‐source pig. Pre‐conditioning of islets in culture by exposure to anti‐inflammatory agents or by genetic modification harbors fewer risks of systemic complications in the recipient. The future of clinical islet transplantation will, at least in part, depend on the success of efforts made to reduce rapid graft loss, and thus allow islet transplantation to become a more efficient therapy by the use of single donors.
Transmembrane Mucins: Signaling Receptors at the Intersection of Inflammation and Cancer

Mucosal surfaces line our body cavities and provide the interaction surface between commensal and pathogenic microbiota and the host. The barrier function of the mucosal layer is largely maintained by gel-forming mucin proteins that are secreted by goblet cells. In addition, mucosal epithelial cells express cell-bound mucins that have both barrier and signaling functions. The family of transmembrane mucins consists of diverse members that share a few characteristics. The highly glycosylated extracellular mucin domains inhibit invasion by pathogenic bacteria and can form a tight mesh structure that protects cells in harmful conditions. The intracellular tails of transmembrane mucins can be phosphorylated and connect to signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, cell-cell interactions, differentiation, and apoptosis. Transmembrane mucins play important roles in preventing infection at mucosal surfaces, but are also renowned for their contributions to the development, progression, and metastasis of adenocarcinomas. In general, transmembrane mucins seem to have evolved to monitor and repair damaged epithelia, but these functions can be highjacked by cancer cells to yield a survival advantage. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of the functions of transmembrane mucins in inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis in order to better understand the diverse functions of these multifunctional proteins.
[Cardiovascular response to Stroop test: comparison between the computerized and verbal tests].

BACKGROUND The Stroop test requires the individual to respond to specific elements of a stimulus, whereas inhibiting more automated processes. OBJECTIVE To compare the cardiovascular reactivity induced by the computerized version of the Stroop word-color test TESTINPACS with the traditional version based on the reading of printed words. METHODS The sample of convenience consisted of 20 women (22.4 +/- 4.1 years). Analyses of variance with repeated measures were used to compare the main effects between the tests (computerized vs verbal), as well as between phases of the test (baseline, Stroop 1, Stroop 3) on the physiological variables (arterial pressure, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart failure and respiratory rate). The t tests for paired samples were used to compare the pressure means between Stroop 3 and baseline. Additionally, the magnitude of the effects (d') was estimated in order to assess the impact of the changes in the physiological measurements between Stroop 3 and the baseline. RESULTS The two versions of the assessment tool caused significant increase in heart rate (p<0.01) and systolic arterial pressure (p<0.05) when the measurements obtained at the Stroop 3 were compared to that of baseline. However, no significant differences were observed regarding the different versions of the test on the other investigated variables. The d' statistics confirmed the high magnitude of the effects (-1.04 to +1.49) between the measurements from the Stroop 3 and the baseline ones. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the current computerized version (TESTINPACS) of the Stroop test constitutes a useful instrument to induce cardiovascular reactivity in women.
Myostatin knockout drives browning of white adipose tissue through activating the AMPK‐PGC1α‐Fndc5 pathway in muscle

Myostatin (Mstn) is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscles and plays important roles in regulating muscle growth and development, as well as fat deposition. Mstn‐knockout (Mstn–/–) mice exhibit increased muscle mass due to both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and leaner body composition due to reduced fat mass. Here, we show that white adipose tissue (WAT) of Mstn–/– develops characteristics of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with dramatically increased expression of BAT signature genes, including Ucp1 and Pgc1α, and beige adipocyte markers Tmem26 and CD137. Strikingly, the observed browning phenotype is non‐cell autonomous and is instead driven by the newly defined myokine irisin (Fndc5) secreted from Mstn–/– skeletal muscle. Within the muscle, Mstn–/– leads to increased expression of AMPK and its phosphorylation, which subsequently activates PGC1α and Fndc5. Together, our study defines a paradigm of muscle‐fat crosstalk mediated by Fndc5, which is up‐regulated and secreted from muscle to induce beige cell markers and the browning of WAT in Mstn–/– mice. These results suggest that targeting muscle Mstn and its downstream signaling represents a therapeutic approach to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. —Shan, T. , Liang, X. , Bi, P., Kuang, S. Myostatin knockout drives browning of white adipose tissue through activating the AMPK‐PGC1α‐Fndc5 pathway in muscle. FASEB J. 27, 1981–1989 (2013). www.fasebj. org
The predictive value of histological classification into degrees of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx compared with the survival of patients

In the course of running two clinical trials between 1966 and 1985, data became available for 1315 patients, 713 in the first trial and 602 patients in the second trial, which has allowed comparison between histological findings in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma, the observed survival and the tumour‐free rates for these patients who were followed for up to 10 years. Extensive histopathology reviews have revealed over 98% agreement on tumour cell type between the initial report and that of the reviewer. Highly significant differences have been found for squamous cell carcinoma between the observed survival and the tumour‐free rates for patients with well‐differentiated and with anaplastic lesions. There was a statistically significant greater proportion of patients with well‐differentiated tumours at larynx sites and in stage 1 when compared with patients with anaplastic tumours, but even when this was taken into account, multivariate analyses showed that tumour grading still made an independent significant contribution to the prediction of prognosis. For squamous cell carcinoma only very simple and rapidly assessed histopathological features need to be identified to classify tumours into the two grades employed in this study. The analyses have confirmed the prognostic significance of tumour grading in squamous cell carcinoma in the larynx and hypopharynx.
The Ovarian Renin–Angiotensin System (OVRAS)

This contribution summarizes the pivotal role of the ovarian renin–angiotensin system (OVRAS) in ovarian physiology and disease, with particular emphasis on human clinical implications and established translational applications. The presence of a complete OVRAS in all studied species has been known for decades. The OVRAS has major effects on follicle development/atresia and ovulation and steroid hormone secretion, that is, it is necessary for normal reproduction. It is well established that OVRAS activity is regulated by gonadotropins and depends on activation of proteases in the area of growing follicles. Angiotensin and angiotensin receptors are widely distributed in the ovarian follicle, preovulatory theca and granulosa cells, and postovulatory mural granulosa-lutein cells and regulate steroidogenesis. Molecular blockade of the OVRAS inhibits oocyte maturation and ovulation. Pathologically abnormal OVRAS function has been associated with infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and ovarian cancer. Both hyperandrogenism in PCOS and third space fluid accumulation in OHSS have been convincingly linked to overexpression of renin and angiotensin. Blockade of angiotensin receptors is under study for the treatment of gynecologic cancer, OHSS, and PCOS. However, a full understanding of the OVRAS and translational applications is lacking. In part, this is due to the discovery in recent years of previously unknown renin–angiotensin system (RAS) components and novel functions of “classical” RAS components that remain to be integrated into translational studies; newer, more specific agents to block RAS components are available only now for such research and treatment. The need for further studies is evident.
Soot microphysical effects on liquid clouds, a multi-model investigation

We use global models to explore the microphys- ical effects of carbonaceous aerosols on liquid clouds. Al- though absorption of solar radiation by soot warms the atmo- sphere, soot may cause climate cooling due to its contribu- tion to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and therefore cloud brightness. Six global models conducted three soot experi- ments; four of the models had detailed aerosol microphysi- cal schemes. The average cloud radiative response to biofuel soot (black and organic carbon), including both indirect and semi-direct effects, is 0.11 Wm 2 , comparable in size but opposite in sign to the respective direct effect. In a more idealized fossil fuel black carbon experiment, some mod- els calculated a positive cloud response because soot pro- vides a deposition sink for sulfuric and nitric acids and sec- ondary organics, decreasing nucleation and evolution of vi- able CCN. Biofuel soot particles were also typically assumed to be larger and more hygroscopic than for fossil fuel soot and therefore caused more negative forcing, as also found in previous studies. Diesel soot (black and organic carbon) experiments had relatively smaller cloud impacts with five
Robust Gain-Scheduled Control for Planar V / STOL Aircraft with Time-Varying Mass and Moment Parameters

This paper considers a robust gain-scheduled control approach for the planar vertical takeoff aircraft dynamics. The uncertain property of the aircraft mass, moment, and the non-minimum phase parasitic coupling are all addressed by considering their reasonable range in the progress of controller design. An approach of composite control law is performed addressing all the inherent uncertainties of the mass, moment, and parasitic coupling parameter. The composite control law consists of a linear state-feedback gain-scheduled matrix and a nonlinear control law for thrust manipulation to eliminate the effect of gravitational disturbance. The design is then demonstrated by time response simulation.
An empirical research of the factors affecting users to follow companies' microblogs

A number of companies have been creating accounts on microblogging sites to promote products/brands and communicate with customers. In this study, we attempt to understand the factors that may drive online users to follow companies' microblogs. We develop a research model through the perspective of elaboration likelihood model. Users' following behaviour is explained through three levels of participation: reading messages, forwarding messages and commenting on messages of companies' microblogs. We propose that information quality and source credibility are two key antecedents in the model. In addition, we extend the model by considering the impact of similarity on users' following behaviour. We empirically test our model by collecting data from an existing microblogging site in China. The results show that most of the hypotheses are supported. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
Quantification of Adipose Tissue Depots in the Obese Thigh During Weight Loss using Dixon Method

C. L. Johnson, M. C. Mojtahedi, D. Hernando, D. C. Karampinos, M. P. Thorpe, D. Chen, E. M. Evans, and J. G. Georgiadis Mechanical Science and Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
Explant culture: An advantageous method for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human tissues

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research progressively moves towards clinical phases. Accordingly, a wide range of different procedures were presented in the literature for MSC isolation from human tissues; however, there is not yet any close focus on the details to offer precise information for best method selection. Choosing a proper isolation method is a critical step in obtaining cells with optimal quality and yield in companion with clinical and economical considerations. In this concern, current review widely discusses advantages of omitting proteolysis step in isolation process and presence of tissue pieces in primary culture of MSCs, including removal of lytic stress on cells, reduction of in vivo to in vitro transition stress for migrated/isolated cells, reduction of price, processing time and labour, removal of viral contamination risk, and addition of supporting functions of extracellular matrix and released growth factors from tissue explant. In next sections, it provides an overall report of technical highlights and molecular events of explant culture method for isolation of MSCs from human tissues including adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, hair follicle, cornea, umbilical cord and placenta. Focusing on informative collection of molecular and methodological data about explant methods can make it easy for researchers to choose an optimal method for their experiments/clinical studies and also stimulate them to investigate and optimize more efficient procedures according to clinical and economical benefits.
Floating OffShore Wind Turbines for Shallow waters

Bottom mounted Offshore wind turbines seem to have a promising future but they are restricted to shallow waters of Northern Europe. Many projects are planned or are in the phase of construction on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. All projects that are planned have a water depth up to approximately 25 m. The project reported in this paper investigated the technical and economical feasibility of floating wind energy systems in deeper waters, approximately 50 m and deeper. It is assumed that at a certain water depth floating wind turbines will have better economics than bottom mounted wind turbines. Floating wind energy systems seem to have some advantages over bottom mounted wind energy systems, like e.g. • lower cost installation (in a harbour); • lower maintenance cost; • lower removal cost. But floating wind energy systems have their own technical challenges, like • dynamic interactions between floater and wind turbine; • floater conceptual design including mooring system, taking into account restriction w.r. t. stability of floater and wind turbine, minimizing wave induced motion, water depth, etc.
Malignant Mesothelioma in a Motor Vehicle Mechanic

Case reports remain an important source of data in the debate over the carcinogenic effect of asbestos-containing automotive friction products. This report documents a case of pleural mesothelioma accompanied by asbestos bodies in the lung tissue of a career auto mechanic with no other known sources of exposure. Previously unreported historical and contemporary exposure data are also discussed in the context of providing additional support for the proposition that work with asbestos-containing automotive products presents a risk of significant exposure. While there remains a body of negative epidemiology that fails to find an increased risk of disease among auto workers, those data must be approached with caution. Many of those studies have drawn technical criticisms, which are beyond the scope of this report, but they remain a key part of the legal defense mounted by defendant-companies who are involved in asbestos-related litigation. This ongoing debate provides the context for the continued relevance of case reports such as this one, as well as the presentation of new and previously unpublished exposure data.
[Effect of a tight necktie on intraocular pressure].

INTRODUCTION Any factor causing constriction of the neck may lead to an increase in intraocular pressure. A tight necktie may result in increasing intraocular pressure, which could lead to an erroneous diagnosis and treatment of ocular hypertension or even glaucoma. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a tight necktie on intraocular pressure measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included forty eyes of 20 patients with primary open angle glaucoma and 20 healthy controls (all male). Intraocular pressure was measured without a necktie, 3 minutes after placing a tight necktie and 3 minutes after loosening it. Student's t-test was used to analyze the data between two groups. The intraocular pressure measurements were subjected to paired t-test. The va lue p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A possible correlation between the age of subjects and intraocular pressure values was analyzed using linear regression (Pearson). RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found in intraocular pressure readings in all three measurements between two tested groups (p < 0.05). When analyzed within groups, statistical significance in intraocular pressure readings was found after loosening the necktie (< 0.05). No correlation between the age of subjects and increased intraocular pressure was found in either tested group of subjects after the necktie had been tightened (r2 = 0.006, p = 0.70 for primary open angle patients, r2 = 0.07, p = 0. 22 for healthy controls). CONCLUSION Wearing a tight necktie for a limited period of time during the day could be considered as a possible risk factor for glaucoma development.