Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEFINITION OF TYPE I and TYPE II PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION

Photosensitized oxidations are the basis for photodynamic action. There has come to be some confusion about the definition of Type I and Type I1 photosensitized oxidation reactions. It is generally true that experimentally-based definitions are superior to mechanistic ones because mechanisms change but experimental observations are subject to vertification. For this reason, I suggest that the definition given below should prove the most useful. This editorial briefly reviews the history and mechanism of photosensitized oxidations in order to provide the background for the definition. The first step of these reactions is absorption of light by a sensitizer (Sens) to produce an excited state (Sens*). In the presence of oxygen, two competing reactions of the excited sensitizer can occur, as originally noted by Schenck and Gollnick (Gollnick, 1968; Schenck, 1963; Schenck and Koch, 1960). These processes are called Type I and Type I1 reactions.
Survey of Digital Forensic Models and Proposed Thematic Scheme

The internet and advanced technologies has been used as tools by criminals these days to perpetrate all forms of crime and the digital world is exploited to facilitate crimes which are mostly technology driven. The evidence of such crimes which are technologically driven are in digital form hence the need to employ techniques, procedures, and methodologies that are technology inclined to reconstruct events and uncover evidence that are admissible in court. Digital forensics therefore provides the investigative techniques, scientifically derived and proven methods for preserving, collecting, validating, identifying, analyzing, interpreting and presenting admissible digital evidence derived from digital source(s). Methods use to undertake forensic investigation is paramount since inappropriate model choice may result in incomplete or missing evidence. In this paper, we look at some commonly used models, their strength and weakness to inform investigators where to appropriately use those forensic investigation model(s) as well as a proposed scheme to aid the selection of the appropriate investigative model.
UNE ANALYSE DES FINALITÉS DES SYSTÈMES DE CONTRÔLE

Les remises en cause du modele clasique de controle de gestion conduisent Henri Bouquin a presenter les missions du controleur de gestion de maniere tridimensionnelle (modele AMI). L'objet de ce papier est de confronter ce modele aux pratiques des controleurs de gestion. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire realisee a partir de 135 questionnaires permettra de valider cette representation du controle de gestion.
Biomarker responses to folic acid intervention in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND The task of revising dietary folate recommendations for optimal health is complicated by a lack of data quantifying the biomarker response that reliably reflects a given folate intake. OBJECTIVE We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis in healthy adults to quantify the typical response of recognized folate biomarkers to a change in folic acid intake. DESIGN Electronic and bibliographic searches identified 19 randomized controlled trials that supplemented with folic acid and measured folate biomarkers before and after the intervention in apparently healthy adults aged ≥18 y. For each biomarker response, the regression coefficient (β) for individual studies and the overall pooled β were calculated by using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Folate biomarkers (serum/plasma and red blood cell folate) increased in response to folic acid in a dose-response manner only up to an intake of 400 μg/d. Calculation of the overall pooled β for studies in the range of 50 to 400 μg/d indicated that a doubling of folic acid intake resulted in an increase in serum/plasma folate by 63% (71% for microbiological assay; 61% for nonmicrobiological assay) and red blood cell folate by 31% (irrespective of whether microbiological or other assay was used). Studies that used the microbiological assay indicated lower heterogeneity compared with studies using nonmicrobiological assays for determining serum/plasma (I(2) = 13.5% compared with I(2) = 77.2%) and red blood cell (I(2) = 45.9% compared with I(2) = 70.2%) folate. CONCLUSIONS Studies administering >400 μg folic acid/d show no dose-response relation and thus will not yield meaningful results for consideration when generating dietary folate recommendations. The calculated folate biomarker response to a given folic acid intake may be more robust with the use of a microbiological assay rather than alternative methods for blood folate measurement.
Virtual-TryOn on the Web

This paper describes a complete methodology for cloning and dressing people by using a website. The input is simple photographs or body measurements that anybody can produce in any environment. Then the web-based virtual-try-on allows users to see them dressed. The basic methodology uses a pre-calculated generic database to produce personally sized bodies and animate garments on a web application.
of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Magnetic susceptibility of nanoscale Kondo systems Magnetic susceptibility of nanoscale Kondo systems

The mesoscopic Kondo effect in metallic nanoparticles containing a magnetic impurity is investigated by model calculations. A Maxwell–Garnett approach is used to approximately determine the resistivity of doped nanoparticles in a matrix, and the magnetic susceptibility is estimated from the conﬁnement of the conduction electrons. Conductivity measurements of nanoparticles embedded in a matrix are difﬁcult to realize, because metallic matrices distort the Kondo cloud, whereas insulating or semiconducting matrices yield a very weak signal. By comparison, susceptibility measurements do not suffer from these shortcomings. The Kondo effect survives in nanoparticles even if the cluster size is much smaller than the Kondo screening cloud, but the effective Curie constant becomes constant below a particle-size dependent transition temperature and the temperature dependence of the susceptibility is no longer universal.
Factors influencing persistence of sinus rhythm after DC shock treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Of 164 patients with atrial fibrillation, 87% were converted to sinus rhythm, but 51 (32%) of them reverted to atrial fibrillation during the next four days. Of the patients with a successful conversion 41 % were still in sinus rhythm after three months, 34% after six months, and 13.4 % after 12 months. Factors which had a favourable influence on the long-term results were: 1) a less than 2-year duration of atrial fibrillation preceding the treatment; 2) age of patients less than 50 years; 3) a normal size of heart; and 4) the hypertensive or hyperthyroid etiology of the underlying heart disease. Pretreatment with quinidine before the DC shock was of no value, and the late results were not significantly better in the quinidine-treated group than in the controls.
Kinetic Studies on the Cuo/γ-Al2O3 Sorbent Regeneration by Methane – Topochemical Approach

CuO impregnated γ-Al2O3 support provides convenient adsorption and regeneration characteristics. These features give the potential to regard this chemisorption process as more effective, feasible and widely accepted than lime and limestone scrubbing in the removal of SO2 from the outlet gases. Thermogravimetric tests on the regeneration of the CuO/γ-Al2O3 exhausted sorbent (first stage of the regeneration, CuSO4 → Cu0) with methane were conducted. Commercially available 1/8″ γ-Al2O3 spheres, loaded with 5.8 wt % of Cu were investigated. The tests concerning the isothermal regeneration kinetics were performed at temperatures: T = 700, 727 and 750 K, while a 20 cm3 min−1 flow of pure methane was used. To select the mechanism of the regeneration reaction, as well as to evaluate their kinetic parameters of the rate equations, the TGA data were compared with the series of theoretical topochemical kinetic models as advocated by Gardner, Hancock and Sharp's approach. The kinetic mechanism of the regeneration reaction in the initial stage of the process may be originally interpreted as the combination of both boundary–surface–controlled reaction (contracting sphere) and the first–order kinetics models. Various diffusion limited kinetic equations have proved useful for the description of the final stage of the process. Both proposed models (two kinetic and four diffusion ones) fit fairly well to the experimental data (in their limited validity ranges) obtained in all three temperature values studied.
Epidemiology of stomach cancer in Japan. With special reference to the strategy for the primary prevention.

Characteristics of both descriptive and analytic epidemiology of stomach cancer were summarised. Dietary changes, especially reduced intake of salted food mainly due to the wider use of electric refrigerator, were considered as the major reasons of recent decline in mortality. Other features of descriptive epidemiology such as socio-economic variation, lower risk in Okinawa residents and Japanese migrants to the U.S.A. were also described. In analytic epidemiology, daily cigarette smoking was found as a risk-enhancing factor in addition to frequent intake of salted food. Daily intake of green-yellow vegetables, soybean paste soup and milk were considered as risk reducing factors. Possibilities of primary prevention of stomach cancer was discussed based on these findings.
O 2 O E-Commerce Data Mining in Big Data Era

Large data environment is required to build a data mining system for O2O e-commerce. This paper analyzes the characteristics of large data era data, expounds the concept of data mining and the method of traditional data mining. Process: the use of the results of comparative analysis, it combined with the characteristics of the O2O data itself and the needs of modern people to establish a new privacy preserving association rules mining model. Through the theoretical analysis of the new data mining model, it can be found that the model can be used to protect the privacy of data mining, data mining can provide the necessary data support for the development of enterprises. Conclusion: it is proved that the data mining system is practical and effective.
Converged communication services and competition in consumer markets

Emergence of converged multimedia services has led operators to seek clear tactical and strategic advantages in developing differentiated service offerings. Effectiveness of the offer strategies is influenced by factors such as service delivery investment, operations cost, market segment preferences, competitive multimedia offers, service pricing and consumer price sensitivities. Differentiation in any of these factors in a competitive environment has a direct influence on market share and profitability of communication service providers. This paper examines the effect of these factors via a series of simulation studies and concludes by highlighting a few wining strategies.
EVIDENCE FOR A LARYNGEAL CHEMOREFLEX IN SOME HUMAN PRETERM INFANTS

ABSTRACT. Studies in animals have documented the presence of a laryngeal chemoreflex. This reflex reflex in apnea when water is placed in the laryngeal area. This study of ten premature infants presents data that would support the existence of a similar reflex response in some premature infants. All ten infants studied had apnea of unknown etiology.
Sólo Puede Quedar Uno: Evolución de Bots para RTS Basada en Supervivencia

Resumen Este artı́culo propone un algoritmo evolutivo para optimizar el comportamiento de bots (NPCs) que no requiere de una función de fitness explı́cita, usando en su lugar combates por pares (a modo de “justa”) en los que sólo uno de los contendientes sobrevivirá. Este proceso hará las veces de mecanismo de selección del algoritmo, en el que sólo los ganadores pasarán a la siguiente generación del mismo. Se ha utilizado un algoritmo de Programación Genética, diseñado para generar motores de comportamiento para bots del conocido RTS Planet Wars. Este método tiene dos objetivos principales: en primer lugar, paliar el efecto que la naturaleza “ruidosa” de la función de fitness añade a la evaluación y, en segundo lugar, generar bots más generales (menos especializados) que los que se obtienen mediante algoritmos evolutivos en los que se usa siempre un contendiente común para evaluar los individuos. Más aún, la omisión de un proceso de evaluación explı́cito reduce el número de combates necesarios para evolucionar, lo que reduce a su vez el tiempo de cómputo del algoritmo. Los resultados demuestran que el método converge y que es menos sensible al ruido que otros métodos más tradicionales. Además de esto, con este algoritmo se obtienen bots muy competitivos en comparación con otros bots de la literatura.
MicroRNA profiling of carcinogen-induced rat colon tumors and the influence of dietary spinach.

SCOPE MicroRNA (miRNA) profiles are altered in chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological disorders, and cancer. A systems biology approach was used to examine, for the first time, miRNAs altered in rat colon tumors induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a heterocyclic amine carcinogen from cooked meat. METHODS AND RESULTS Among the most highly dysregulated miRNAs were those belonging to the let-7 family. Subsequent computational modeling and target validation identified c-Myc and miRNA-binding proteins Lin28A/Lin28B (Lin28) as key players, along with Sox2, Nanog, and Oct-3/4. These targets of altered miRNAs in colon cancers have been implicated in tumor recurrence and reduced patient survival, in addition to their role as pluripotency factors. In parallel with these findings, the tumor-suppressive effects of dietary spinach given postinitiation correlated with elevated levels of let-7 family members and partial normalization of c-myc, Sox2, Nanog, Oct-3/4, HmgA2, Dnmt3b, and P53 expression. CONCLUSION We conclude that the let-7/c-Myc/Lin28 axis is dysregulated in heterocyclic amine-induced colon carcinogenesis, and that the tumor suppressive effects of dietary spinach are associated with partial normalization of this pathway.
Modified distributed power control with dynamic target-SIR-tracking in wireless networks

The well-known distributed power control algorithm with temporary removal and feasibility check (DFC) improves outage probability but it is not able to improve and maximize the system throughput simultaneously. In this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm which gives an improvement in DFC algorithm such that it optimizes the transmission sum rate and reduces the number of outage users at the same time. Also, the proposed algorithm guarantees minimum acceptable SINR for all users in a feasible state. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves system throughput, as compared with DFC and TPC with the same outage probability.
Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea

We now have a relatively good idea of how bulk microbial processes shape the cycling of organic matter and nutrients in the sea. The advent of the molecular biology era in microbial ecology has resulted in advanced knowledge about the diversity of marine microorganisms, suggesting that we might have reached a high level of understanding of carbon fluxes in the oceans. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are large gaps in the understanding of the role of bacteria in regulating carbon fluxes. These gaps may result from methodological as well as conceptual limita- tions. For example, should bacterial production be measured in the light? Can bacterial production conversion factors be predicted, and how are they affected by loss of tracers through respiration? Is it true that respiration is relatively constant compared to production? How can accurate measures of bacterial growth efficiency be obtained? In this paper, we discuss whether such questions could (or should) be addressed. Ongoing genome analyses are rapidly widening our understanding of possible metabolic pathways and cellular adaptations used by marine bacteria in their quest for resources and struggle for survival (e.g. utilization of light, acquisition of nutrients, predator avoidance, etc.). Further, analyses of the identity of bacteria using molecular markers (e.g. subgroups of Bacteria and Archaea) combined with activity tracers might bring knowledge to a higher level. Since bacterial growth (and thereby consumption of DOC and inorganic nutrients) is likely regulated differently in different bacte- ria, it will be critical to learn about the life strategies of the key bacterial species to achieve a compre- hensive understanding of bacterial regulation of C fluxes. Finally, some processes known to occur in the microbial food web are hardly ever characterized and are not represented in current food web models. We discuss these issues and offer specific comments and advice for future research agendas.
IMMUNOLOGY: After the Toll Rush

The family of Toll-like receptors have garnered much interest because of their ability to detect bacterial and viral molecules and to activate the innate immune response. In his Perspective, O9Neill introduces a trio of papers ( Zhang et al., Heil et al., and Diebold et al.) that provide new information about how Toll-like receptors activate innate immunity.
Universality of color names

We analyzed the World Color Survey (WCS) color-naming data set by using k-means cluster and concordance analyses. Cluster analysis relied on a similarity metric based on pairwise Pearson correlation of the complete chromatic color-naming patterns obtained from individual WCS informants. When K, the number of k-means clusters, varied from 2 to 10, we found that (i) the average color-naming patterns of the clusters all glossed easily to single or composite English patterns, and (ii) the structures of the k-means clusters unfolded in a hierarchical way that was reminiscent of the Berlin and Kay sequence of color category evolution. Gap statistical analysis showed that 8 was the optimal number of WCS chromatic categories: RED, GREEN, YELLOW-OR-ORANGE, BLUE, PURPLE, BROWN, PINK, and GRUE (GREEN-OR-BLUE). Analysis of concordance in color naming within WCS languages revealed small regions in color space that exhibited statistically significantly high concordance across languages. These regions agreed well with five of six primary focal colors of English. Concordance analysis also revealed boundary regions of statistically significantly low concordance. These boundary regions coincided with the boundaries associated with English WARM and COOL. Our results provide compelling evidence for similarities in the mechanisms that guide the lexical partitioning of color space among WCS languages and English.
Prolin‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) expression and localization in mouse testis

Prolin‐rich kinase 2 (PYK2) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase related to the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) p125FAK. PYK2 is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to various stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), changes in osmolarity, elevation in intracellular calcium concentration, angiotensin, and UV irradiation. PYK2 has ligand sequences for Src homology 2 and 3 (SH‐2 and SH‐3), and has binding sites for paxillin and p130cas. Activation of PYK2 leads to modulation of ion channel function, phosphorylation of tyrosine residues, and activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathways. Immunocytochemistry shows that PYK2 is present in mouse germinal and Sertoli cells (ser). Northern blot and immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrate that, among germinal cells, PYK2 is more abundant in spermatocytes (spc) and spermatids (spt); in addition, immunofluorescence analysis clearly shows that the diffuse cytoplasmic localization of PYK2 changes in a specific cellular compartment in spt and spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 330–335, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T Cell Activation Determined by T Cell Receptor Number and Tunable Thresholds

The requirements for T cell activation have been reported to vary widely depending on the state of the T cell, the type of antigen-presenting cell, and the nature of the T cell receptor (TCR) ligand. A unitary requirement for T cell responses was revealed by measurement of the number of triggered TCRs. Irrespective of the nature of the triggering ligand, T cells “counted” the number of triggered TCRs and responded when a threshold of ∼8000 TCRs was reached. The capacity to reach the activation threshold was severely compromised by a reduction in the number of TCRs. Costimulatory signals lowered the activation threshold to ∼1500 TCRs, thus making T cells more sensitive to antigenic stimulation.
OpenPMU: Open source platform for Synchrophasor applications and research

Synchrophasor measurement is increasingly becoming a standard tool of the electrical power systems engineer and is attracting much interest in the research community due to the novel new methods and techniques it offers for observing and controlling the power system. A common difficulty in the development of Synchrophasor based technology is the closed environment in which the measurement algorithms and processes governing the operation of Phasor Measurement Units, PMUs, are developed. While most PMUs will support the relevant IEEE standards for Synchrophasor measurement, where transient or dynamic operation is concerned it would be useful to have detailed knowledge of the mathematical transforms and indeed any limitations of the measurement hardware. This can be especially important in developing new protection systems utilizing Synchrophasors, when confidence in the system rests on consistent performance between devices over a long period of service, including device upgrades. The “OpenPMU” described in this paper intends to settle some of these concerns by defining and developing a research orientated platform for Synchrophasor algorithm and application development.