Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROTODRIVE : SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWERTRAINS

Electric vehicles are a promising alternative to vehicles powered by fossil fuels due to their cleaner energy emission, but current limitations in battery technology are preventing electric vehicles from burgeoning in the mass consumer market. Therefore, simulating and prototyping various power trains become paramount for finding different energy efficient models. A portable power train platform, known as Protodrive, is here to provide a stage in between pure software simulation and full-scale hardware simulation. This platform allows energy to transfer between the vehicle power train and the load power train through the use of regenerative braking. Protodrive is also able to accept a plethora of drive cycles and trajectories to help determine the forces acting on the vehicle. Through the use of mathematical models of these forces, the platform is capable of applying the proper load on the vehicle power train to determine the power consumption. Additionally, introduction of a super capacitor to the vehicle power train model allows for the analysis of various charging schemes to better manage the power consumption. The resulting simulated drive data can be viewed in real time through an intuitive web application that will allow users to enter drive cycles and define trajectories using Google Maps. The platform data can then be validated by comparing it with actual vehicle drive data.
Eye and Brain

Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading eye and brain as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
Characteristic Impedance Control for Branch-Line Coupler Design

This letter presents a new approach to control impedance for branch-line coupler (BLC) design. With the proposed method, the highest impedance of the two-section BLC can be set to a realistic value (below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100~\Omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), so that it can be implemented with ordinary planar technology. The measured results are compared with the simulated results to validate the proposed theory and design approach.
STRUCTURE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND PROCESS CONTROL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUMIJO AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING ITS AUTHENTICITY AND QUALITY (A REVIEW)

Mumijo is a tarry, solid or elastic natural product, typically in the form of shapeless pieces with nonuniformly-porous or smooth surface, having a characteristic balsamic odor [ I ]. Mumijo (Greek) means "saving body" or "protecting organism," while Arabic "arakul-dzhibor' means "sweat of mountain," Tibetan or Mongolian "brag-shun" (or "bragzhun") means "juice of rock," and Burmese "kao-tui" (or "chaotui") sounds like "blood of mountain. " In Turkmenia, this substance is called "mumnogai," in Uzbekistan -"as i l " ("the present"), in Tajikistan--"zogh" or "kiem," in Kirg i z i a "arkhar-tash" (or "kiik-tash," "momiya," "momlai," "monuya," "ular-tash"), in T u v a "chukla der," and in Sib e r i a "barakhshin" (which means "mountain of rock oil," or"mountain pitch") [I -3] . At present, there are three main hypotheses explaining the origin of this substance: biological, geological, and biomineralogical. According to the biological hypothesis, mumijo represents a product of biological conversion (occurring under certain physicochemical conditions) of dead plant residues [4, 5] or animal excrements [6 9], or both [5]. The geological hypothesis considers mumijo as a product of geological processes [10, 11]. Finally, the biomineralogical version is based on the assumption that mumijo is a secondary product, in which the. mineral components are formed as a result of various migrations, for example, by mechanical contamination of a liquefied mumijo precursor [5, 12]. Mumijo has been used in traditional (folk) medicine more than three thousand years [13 15]. The products, obtained by processing the raw mumijo, are administered both
Chemical Composition, Probiotic Survivability and Shelf Life Studies of Symbiotic Buttermilk

Cultured buttermilk is getting popular as an ingredient for bakery and for direct consumption in the U.S. The objective of this study was to develop a symbiotic cultured buttermilk, containing inulin as a prebiotic and probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. The cultured buttermilk was prepared using a commercial mesophilic starter CHN22 (Lactococcus lactis sbusp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Leuconstoc mesenteorides subsp. cermories, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis) and the probiotics. The control buttermilk prepared using CHN22 and the symbiotic buttermilk were analyzed for chemical composition, probiotics survivability, mold, yeast and coliform counts. Changes in pH and titratable acid were also determined during storage at 4° C for 12 weeks. The chemical composition of the control and symbiotic buttermilk were: protein 3.29±0.05 and 3.30±0.02%; fat 3.28±0.04 and 3.26±0.06%; carbohydrate 4.55±0.05 and 5.16±0.06%; total solids 12.81±0.05 and 12.42±0.03%; ash 0.692±0.03 and 0.701±0.01%, respectively. The populations of both Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp were initially above 107 cfu/g and remained 106 cfu/g during the 12‐week and there was no mold and yeast were detected. There were significant differences in pH and titratable acid between the control and symbiotic buttermilk (p<0.05) due to addition of the probiotics.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Kidney Transplantation

Kidney transplantation entails a high likelihood of endothelial injury. The endothelium is a target of choice for injury by ischemia-reperfusion, alloantibodies, and autoantibodies. A certain degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury inevitably occurs in the immediate posttransplant setting and can manifest as delayed graft function. Acute rejection episodes, whether T-cell or antibody-mediated, can involve the graft micro- and macrovasculature, leading to endothelial injury and adverse long-term consequences on graft function and survival. In turn, caspase-3 activation in injured and dying endothelial cells favors the release of extracellular vesicles (apoptotic bodies and apoptotic exosome-like vesicles) that further enhance autoantibody production, complement deposition, and microvascular rarefaction. In this review, we present the evidence for endothelial injury, its causes and long-term consequences on graft outcomes in the field of kidney transplantation.
FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING Privacy In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence

An increasing number of people are using the Internet in their daily life. Indeed, more than 40% of the world population have access to the Internet, while Facebook (one of the top social network on the web) is actively used by more than 1.3 billion users each day. This huge amount of customers creates an abundance of user data containing personal information. These data are becoming valuable to companies and used in various ways to enrich user experience or increase revenue. This has led many citizens and politicians to be concerned about their privacy on the Internet to such an extent that the European Union issued a "Right to be Forgotten" ruling, reflecting the desire of many individuals to restrict the use of their information. As a result, many online companies pledged to collect or share user data anonymously. However, anonymisation is not enough and makes no sense in many cases. For example, an MIT graduate was able to easily re-identify the private medical data of Governor William Weld of Massachusetts from supposedly anonymous records released by the Group Insurance Commission. All she did was to link the insurance data with the publicly available voter registration list and some background knowledge. Those shortcomings have led to the development of a more rigorous mathematical framework for privacy: Differential privacy. Its main characteristic is to bound the information one can gain from released data, no matter what side information they have available. In this thesis, we present differentially private algorithms for the multi-armed bandit problem. This is a well known multi-round game, that originally stemmed from clinical trials applications and is now one promising solution to enrich user experience in the booming online advertising and recommendation systems. However, as recommendation systems are inherently based on user data, there is always some private information leakage. In our work, we show how to minimise this privacy loss, while maintaining the effectiveness of such algorithms. In addition, we show how one can take advantage of the correlation structure inherent in a user graph such as the one arising from a social network.
Optimal Beamforming for Multicasting Data in CMHP

In this paper we show the optimal solution of the beamforming vectors of a multicast setting, in which the transmitter has multiple antennas that sends common data to multiple receivers. We consider two important applications such as the multicasting scenario itself and the use of the common information in a superposition coding scheme known as the Cover-Van der Meulen-Hajek-Pursley's (CMHP) method. We show that the optimization of the beamforming vector is equivalent to a vector projection problem.
Employing a single DPLL for joint carrier phase estimation in few-mode fiber transmission

To reduce DSP complexity, both a master/slave and phase-averaged single digital PLL are investigated for a 3×112Gbit/s DP-QPSK transmission over 70km FMF with inline MM-EDFA. A 0.5dB OSNR gain at 3.8×10-3 FEC-limit is experimentally demonstrated.
Hardware accelerated redundancy elimination in network system

Diao, Kelu M.S., Purdue University, May 2016. Hardware Accelerated Redundancy Elimination in Network System. Major Professor: Ioannis Papapanagiotou. With the tremendous growth in the amount of information stored on remote locations and cloud systems, many service providers are seeking ways to reduce the amount of redundant information sent across networks by using data de-duplication techniques. Data de-duplication can reduce network traffic without the loss of information, and consequently increase available network bandwidth by reducing redundant traffic. However, due to the heavy computation required for detecting and reducing redundant data transmission, de-duplication itself can become a bottleneck in high capacity links. We completed two parts of work in this research study, Hardware Accelerated Redundancy Elimination in Network Systems (HARENS) and Distributed Redundancy Elimination System Simulation (DRESS). HARENS can significantly improve the performance of redundancy elimination algorithm in a network system by leveraging General Purpose Graphic Processing Unit (GPGPU) techniques as well as other big data optimizations such as the use of a hierarchical multi-threaded pipeline, single machine Map-Reduce, and memory efficiency techniques. Our results indicate that throughput can be increased by a factor of 9 times compared to a naive implementation of the data de-duplication algorithm, providing a net transmission increase of up to 3.0 Gigabits per second (Gbps). DRESS provides further acceleration to the redundancy elimination in network system by deploying HARENS as the server’s side redundancy elimination module, and four cooperative distributed byte caches on the clients’ side. A client’s side distributed byte cache broadcast its cached chunks by sending hash values to other byte caches, so that they can keep a record of all the chunks in the
Pathogenesis of Ewing sarcoma: A review

Ewing sarcoma is a rare sarcoma of bone and soft tissue that uncommonly involve the head and neck. It is the second most common malignant tumor seen in children and young adults. It is most common observed during the second or third decade, with a male predilection. In the head and neck region, it involves skull, clavicle, maxilla, and mandible. The reported incidence of this tumor is only 1-3 cases per million of population per year and skull tumors constitute about 2% of it. The cell of origin is still unclear as there are several literature supporting both the neural crest mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells hypothesis. Ewing sarcoma is believed to be derived from recurrent EWS/E-twenty six (ETS) oncogenic fusions, which result in altered gene expression in the cell and other mechanisms. This altered gene expression is followed by the abnormal regulation in the expression of several genes and non-coding RNAs. In Ewing sarcoma, the translocation of t(11;22)(q24;q12) is considered as the primary mechanism for tumorigenesis. The tumor is characterized by the rearrangement of EWS gene on chromosome 22q12 and the fusion partners from the ETS oncogene family, chimeric transcription factor, which is responsible for the Ewing sarcoma oncogenic program. A hybrid gene is formed by the fusion of EWSR1 in 22q12 with the FLI1 gene in 11q24. EWS/FLI is the common chimeric protein that is expressed in Ewing’s sarcoma. The expression of this protein results in the growth arrest and cell death, when they are expressed in primary cell lines. The expression of these proteins in primitive cell or tumor cell causes differentiation defects resulting in oncogenesis. In this review, we have made an attempt to have an insight into the possible mechanism of pathogenesis and cell of origin of Ewing sarcoma.
Exploring the Real World Applications of Cellular Automata and its application to the Simulation of Flocking Behaviour

Flocking behaviour is seen all around us in nature. Birds flock in the sky, fish flock in the oceans and insects flock and swarm underground. Travelling in flocks provides many advantages for those who partake, these include improved chances of finding food while foraging, easier time finding a mate and most importantly, increased protection from predators.
Consensus stability of discrete-time descriptor multi-agent systems

In this paper, the consensus problem of discrete-time descriptor multi-agent systems is considered. Each agent's dynamics is given in general form of discrete-time linear descriptor system, and the communication topology among the agents is assumed to be directed topology. To solve the multi-agent consensus problem, a distributed consensus protocol based on state disagreement is proposed for each agent. A modified generalized Riccati equations is provided to design the feedback gain matrix, and a sufficient consensus condition is established to guarantee the descriptor multiagent system achieves consensus. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the obtained result.
Rumen digestion and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in response to urea supplementation of sodium-treated straw fed to sheep

The present study examined the effect of urea-N supplementation of a N-deficient diet on digestion and metabolism in the rumen. Five Rasa Aragonesa ewes, each fitted with a rumen cannula, were offered alkali-treated barley straw ad lib. alone or supplemented continuously via the cannula with four levels of urea-N (3, 6, 9 and 12 g/d). Rumen NH3 concentrations increased in response to urea infusion (6–128 mg/l; P < 0.001). At the highest level of rumen NH3 concentration there was a significant increase, compared with the unsupplemented treatment, in dry matter (DM) intake (846–1206 g/d; P < 0.001) and apparent digestibility of DM (0.38–0.43), organic matter (0.38–0.45) and neutral-detergent fibre (0.41–0.49; P < 0.01). Rumen outflow rates of particulate matter and potential DM disappearances, assessed using nylon bags, were not affected by the experimental treatments, although fractional rate of DM disappearance increased significantly with increasing levels of urea infusion (2.4–4.6 per h). Urinary excretion of total purine derivatives increased with N supplementation, although the response was exclusively due to an increase in allantoin excretion (26.9–66.4 mg/kg live weight (W)0.75 per d; P < 0.001). Xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid excretion rates were constant, averaging 1.8 (SE 0.17); 5.4 (SE 0.21) and 7.2 (SE 0.36) mg/kg W0.75 per d respectively. The maintenance of a minimum rumen NH3 concentration (approximately 50 mg/l) was necessary to avoid significant reductions in DM intake and fermentation rate. Higher levels, however, may further increase microbial N flow at the duodenum, as suggested by the response in urinary allantoin excretion over the range of rumen NH3 concentrations.
THE EVOLUTION OF PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS AND “DEVELOPMENTAL MEMORY”

Development introduces structured correlations among traits that may constrain or bias the distribution of phenotypes produced. Moreover, when suitable heritable variation exists, natural selection may alter such constraints and correlations, affecting the phenotypic variation available to subsequent selection. However, exactly how the distribution of phenotypes produced by complex developmental systems can be shaped by past selective environments is poorly understood. Here we investigate the evolution of a network of recurrent nonlinear ontogenetic interactions, such as a gene regulation network, in various selective scenarios. We find that evolved networks of this type can exhibit several phenomena that are familiar in cognitive learning systems. These include formation of a distributed associative memory that can “store” and “recall” multiple phenotypes that have been selected in the past, recreate complete adult phenotypic patterns accurately from partial or corrupted embryonic phenotypes, and “generalize” (by exploiting evolved developmental modules) to produce new combinations of phenotypic features. We show that these surprising behaviors follow from an equivalence between the action of natural selection on phenotypic correlations and associative learning, well‐understood in the context of neural networks. This helps to explain how development facilitates the evolution of high‐fitness phenotypes and how this ability changes over evolutionary time.
Different turnover rate of hepatitis C virus clearance regimen using interferon-beta by Werent treatment

‘Department of Internal Medicine (Gastroenterology Unit), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 2Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 3First Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba; 4Div. Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo; 5Div. Gastroenterology. Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Ibaraki; 6Sasaki Institute Kyou’ndou Hospital, Tokyo; ‘Department of Medicine, Motojima General Hospital, Gunma; 8Sehool of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Tokyo, Japan
Exact Near-Field Formulation for Shielding Evaluation: The Werner's Equations Revised

After having studied and implemented the original Werner's equations for the evaluation in closed form of the near-field components produced by an electric dipole, there have been identified a number of them that can be transformed by analytical manipulation in a more convenient form for a quick and accurate computation. In this study, the new forms are derived and presented and their performances in terms of accuracy and computing time compared versus the original formulation.
Image Processing Techniques for Glaucoma Detection Using the Cup-to-Disc Ratio

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of permanent blindness worldwide. Early detection of glaucoma can limit the disease progression. The ratio of the size of the optic cup to the optic disc, also known as the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), is one of the important clinical indicators of glaucoma, and is currently determined manually by trained ophthalmologists, limiting its potential in mass screening for early detection. In this paper, the authors propose a method to calculate the CDR automatically from nonstereographic retinal fundus photographs taken from a NIDEK AFC-230, which is a non-mydriatic auto fundus camera. To automatically extract the disc, two methods making use of an edge detection method and variational level-set method are proposed in the paper. For the cup, color component analysis and threshold level-set method are evaluated. To reshape the obtained disc and cup boundary from our methods, ellipse fitting is applied to the obtained image. A set of 44 retinal images obtained from Mettapracharak Hospital, Nakhon Pathom Thailand is used to assess the performance of the determined CDR to the clinical CDR, and it is found that our proposed method provides 89% accuracy in the determined CDR results.
Supervised Local Linear Embedding (SLLE) for facial paralysis image sequence analysis

This paper proposed a novel approach based on local linear embedding (LLE) for modeling and understanding the temporal behaviour from facial paralysis image sequences. LLE is sensitive to scaling, illumination and face pose. A Supervised LLE (SLLE) based on directed Hausdorff distance is proposed for aligning two image sets from the two sides of the face using one generalized embedding space. The embedded low dimensional manifolds represent the asymmetry of the facial motion regardless of the extrinsic facial asymmetry caused by the natural bilateral asymmetry, illumination and shadows. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is more reliable than frame difference based methods and optical flow based methods without a significant increase in computational complexity.
Candida albicans proteinases

Candida species are ubiquitous commensal yeast that usually reside as part of an individual´s normal mucosal microflora and can be detected in approximately 50% of the population in this form. However, if the balance of the normal flora is disrupted or the immune defences are compromised, Candida species can invade mucosal surfaces and cause disease manifestations. Determining exactly how this transformation from commensal to pathogen takes place and how it can be prevented is a continuing challenger for the medical mycology field. Attributes that contribute to Candida albicans virulence include adhesion, hyphal formation, phenotypic switching and extra cellular hydrolytic enzyme production. The extra cellular hydrolytic enzyme, especially the secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps), are one a few gene products that have been shown to directly contribute to C. albicans pathogenicity. Given the limited number of suitable and effective antifungal drugs, the continuing increase in the incidence of Candida infections, together with increasing drug resistance, highlights the need to discover new and better agents that target fundamental biological processes and or pathogenic determinants of C. albicans.
Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato Crop Farmers in Merced, Colombia: Effects on Health and the Environment

The use of pesticides has been recognized and accepted as an essential ingredient in the modern agriculture for the control of pests, which damage crops and as a result, they produce a severe loss in food production. However, the extended use of pesticides, together with the inadequate behaviors of prevention and use of basic protection requisites will increase the probability of accidental intoxication in a notorious manner (Ntow et al, 2009), (Paez et al, 2011).