Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Well-Being in Kumaun as Affected by Employment Level, Sex and Age: A Developmental Analysis

The aim of this study was to find out the pattern of well-being in Kumauni males and females as affected by their employment level and age. 360 males and females in the age range of 30-60 years were considered and arranged according to requirement of 3x2x2 factorial design with their level of employment (High, middle and low) two levels of gender (male and female) and two level of chronological age (30-45 and 46-60) i.e., 30 Ss per cell. Swasti Mapani (Kakkar & Shukla, 2006) was used as the measure and it was used twice for measuring personal and social well-being. Data collection was done individually/in group and best attempts were made to avoid external distractions. Findings of the study indicate that level of employment showed its impact and it was found that the magnitude of well-being varied with variation in the level of employment. The magnitude of discrepancy of well-being was less influenced by age and gender but the pattern of personal and social well-being was almost the same. The pursuits of health and happiness or subjective well-being are central to human experience. Not surprisingly, therefore subjective well-being and subjective physical health are popular topics of psychological researches. Questions concerning the personal characteristics and contextual factors that predict global and domain specific subjective well-being are central in that line of research. In the context of bottom-up and top-down models of subjective wellbeing three main sources are discussed; socio-structural; characteristics
Rapport de Recherche LMC-IMAG RR 1025-I-1999 Triangular G 1 interpolation by 4-splitting domain triangles

A piecewise quintic G spline surface interpolating the vertices of a triangular surface mesh of arbitrary topological type is presented. The surface has an explicit triangular B ezier representation, is a ne invariant and has local support. The twist compatibility problem which arises when joining an even number of polynomial patches G continuously around a common vertex is solved by constructing C-consistent boundary curves. Piecewise C boundary curves and a regular 4-split of the domain triangle make shape parameters available for controlling locally the boundary curves. A small number of free inner control points can be chosen for some additional local shape e ects.
Exercise and the Aging Brain: Considerations for Sex Differences

Engaging in targeted exercise interventions is a promising, non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of aging and disease on brain health. However, despite its therapeutic potential, a large amount of variation exists in exercise efficacy in older adults aged 55 and older. In this review, we present the argument that biological sex may be an important moderator of the relationship between physical activity and cognition. Sex differences exist in dementia as well as in several associated risk factors, including genetics, cardiovascular factors, inflammation, hormones and social and psychological factors. Different exercise interventions, such as aerobic training and resistance training, influence cognition and brain health in older adults and these effects may be sex-dependent. The biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain may be different in males and females. Specifically, we examine sex differences in neuroplasticity, neurotrophic factors and physiological effects of exercise to highlight the possible mediators of sex differences in exercise efficacy on cognition. Future studies should address the potential sex difference in exercise efficacy if we are to develop effective, evidence-based exercise interventions to promote healthy brain aging for all individuals.
Engineering as a tool for improving human habitat

The conventional approaches to poverty alleviation in the slums entail a cocktail of interventions in health, education, governance and physical improvements, often stretching the scarce resources far and thin. Driven by the 'poverty' mindset, physical measures such as minimal paving, public water posts and community latrines actually brand the slums apart instead of assimilating them into the urban infrastructure fabric. The concept of Slum Networking proposes comprehensive water and environmental sanitation infrastructure as the central and catalytic leverage for holistic development. At costs less than the conventional 'slum' solutions, it tries to penetrate a high quality urban infrastructure net deeply into the slums to assimilate them into the city rather than lock them in as disadvantaged islands. Further, it transcends resource barriers and 'aid' through innovative partnerships and the latent resource mobilisation potential of the so-called 'poor'. This paper examines Slum Networking as implemented in Sanjaynagar in Ahmedabad, India and compares it with a similar settlement with no interventions in Ahmedabad. It assesses the knock-on impact of physical infrastructure on health, education and poverty. Finally, it evaluates the multiplier effect of physical infrastructure and the partnerships on the subsequent investments by the community in its own shelter and habitat.
Consequences of Appointment Policies for Court Legitimacy in Benin :

The paper seeks to explain how courts in new and vulnerable democracies acquire legiti‐ macy and thus become credible actors able to facilitate or even foster the consolidation of democracy. It analyses the case of the Constitutional Court of Benin (CCB), demonstrating that governmental appointment policies have had an important impact on the court’s le‐ gitimacy. This West African country is considered to have been continuously democratic since 1991, and the court was established by consensus during the transition. The findings suggest that perceptions of fair representation on the bench matter more for credibility than professional qualifications and the quality of adjudication. And contrary to the wide‐ spread narrative that African politics is basically shaped by ethnicity, short‐term political affiliations appear to matter more than communalistic representation. Network analysis using original social data on the major politicians and all 25 CCB judges since the court’s creation in 1993 provides the evidence for this argument. The paper ultimately argues that the appointment‐policy‐driven delegitimisation of an established and largely credible politi‐ cal arbiter can put democratic consolidation at risk. Ruling elites therefore play a major role in maintaining or eroding this consolidation.
The personal computer at home : family use and teacher encouragement for student learning.

THE PERSONAL COMPUTER AT HOME: FAMILY USE AND TEACHER ENCOURAGEMENT FOR STUDENT LEARNING MAY 1990 JOHN D. MARVELLE, B.A., BRIDGEWATER STATE COLLEGE M.Ed., BRIDGEWATER STATE COLLEGE Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Robert L. Sinclair This study explores the nature of computing-at-home for student learning and examines some ways computer-using teachers are encouraging use of personal computers at home. The study answered two research questions: 1. How do families who have a personal computer at home use them for student learning? 2. To what extent do computer-using teachers encourage their students to use home personal computers for learning? Data were collected from two samples. The first consisted of PC-owners who read A+ Magazine. This sample of self-selected participants described, in 500-words, how they used their Apple II to teach at home. Using content analysis, the investigator documented three patterns of how
Aerosol Particle Sources Affecting the Swedish Air Quality at Urban and Rural Level.

During the last decades anthropogenic aerosol particles have attracted much attention due to their adverse health effects and their influence of climate change, and in Sweden, there are mainly three aerosol sources that affect the air quality; domestic wood combustion, traffic, and long distance transport, which includes new particle formation. This work concerns the characterization of these sources and an estimate of how much they contribute to the aerosol particle number (ToN) and mass concentrations (PM) in Swedish cities and at background locations. The aims have been achieved with the help of extensive measurement campaigns, characterizing emissions from the sources and with measurements and modelling at receptor points, where people are exposed to the particle pollution. The most important outcomes of these studies show that, in urban areas both traffic and domestic wood combustion are very important sources of high levels of ToN and PM. It is especially during cold days in northern Sweden that domestic wood combustion is an important source of particles. Both trucks and personal cars are contributing significantly to the particle emissions of ToN and PM. However, exhaust particles mainly affect ToN, whereas most of the PM2.5 and PM10 (total particle mass below 2.5 and 10 ? m diameter respectively) emissions come from road dust generated by the moving vehicles. At locations in large cities, in southern Scandinavia further away from the traffic (urban background), the long distance transported fraction is beginning to dominate contributions to PM10, and it has both natural and anthropogenic sources. The exhaust emissions from traffic can on the other hand make a significant contribution to increased levels of ToN even at distances about 50 km away from the urban area. New particle formation, which is observed more than 1/3 of the days in southern Sweden, can both come from clean as well as more polluted air masses. However, the formation in polluted air has half the impact on ToN that cleaner air has. (Less)
Evidence of formation of submicrometer water-soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer

[1] Semicontinuous measurements of submicrometer water-soluble organic aerosols and particle size distributions were conducted at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in August 2010. Increases in particle number concentration were frequently observed in daytime, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). We found that daily averaged WSOC concentrations positively correlated with gross primary production of CO2 by the forest ecosystem (r2 = 0.63) and ambient temperature during daytime. These relations suggest that the formation of WSOC is closely linked to photosynthetic activity by the forest ecosystem, which depends on both temperature and solar radiation. Off-line chemical analysis of samples of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm collected during a 2 day event of elevated WSOC levels suggests that photochemical aging of both α- andβ-pinene and isoprene oxidation products contributes to the particle growth and the WSOC mass. Organic tracers of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) showed distinct diurnal variations with a maximum around noontime, also indicating that higher temperature and light intensity induce emissions of PBAPs. However, their contribution to the submicrometer WSOC mass was likely insignificant. During the day, the concentrations of 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (3-MBTCA) showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the ratios of WSOC to particle volume concentration increased with an increase in the concentration ratios of 3-MBTCA to pinonic acid (PA). This result supports a previous proposal that the 3-MBTCA/PA ratios in submicrometer particles can be a useful tracer for chemical aging of biogenic secondary organic aerosol from forest vegetation.
Automatic Rendering of Building Floor Plan Images from Textual Descriptions in English

Human beings understand natural language description and could able to imagine a corresponding visual for the same. For example, given a description of the interior of a house, we could imagine its structure and arrangements of furniture. Automatic synthesis of real-world images from text descriptions has been explored in the computer vision community. However, there is no such attempt in the area of document images, like floor plans. Floor plan synthesis from sketches, as well as data-driven models, were proposed earlier. Ours is the first attempt to render building floor plan images from textual description automatically. Here, the input is a natural language description of the internal structure and furniture arrangements within a house, and the output is the 2D floor plan image of the same. We have experimented on publicly available benchmark floor plan datasets. We were able to render realistic synthesized floor plan images from the description written in English.
Single-Sex Schooling and Academic Attainment at School and Through the Lifecourse

This article examines the impact of single-sex schooling on a range of academic outcomes for a sample of British people born in 1958. In terms of the overall level of qualifications achieved, single-sex schooling is positive for girls at age 16 but neutral for boys, while at later ages, single-sex schooling is neutral for both sexes. However, single-sex schooling is linked to the attainment of qualifications in gender-atypical subject areas for both sexes, not just during the school years, but also later in life.
SINGULAR OSCILLATORY INTEGRALS ON R

Let Pd,n denote the space of all real polynomials of degree at most d on Rn. We prove a new estimate for the logarithmic measure of the sublevel set of a polynomial P ∈ Pd,1. Using this estimate, we prove that sup P∈Pd,n ∣∣∣∣p.v. ∫ Rn e (x) Ω(x/|x|) |x|n dx ∣∣∣∣ ≤ c log d (‖Ω‖L log L(Sn−1) + 1), for some absolute positive constant c and every function Ω with zero mean value on the unit sphere Sn−1. This improves a result of Stein from [3].
One-dimensional coaxial nanowire solar cell

Solar cell is a promising candidate for clean and renewable energy power. But high cost and low energy conversion efficiency are bottlenecks for its applications. In recent years, big progresses have been made in developing solar cells with reduced cost and increased efficiency. In this paper, we review recent studies on a new type of solar cells based on coaxial nanowires (NWs) and their arrays. The advantages and the photovoltaic properties of this kind of solar cells will be depicted first. Then the methods for improving efficiency will be discussed. Finally, some innovative designs of the solar cell structures and the potential applications of such solar cells will be summarised.
Removal and Recovery of Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solutions using Bacillus Sphaericus Biomass

This paper discusses the biosorption of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Bacillus sphaericus biomass. The biosorption process was affected by the solution pH, biomass concentration, contact time, temperature and initial Ni(II) concentration respectively. The sorption kinetics and equilibrium data were described well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity value of Bacillus sphaericus biomass for Ni(II) ions was calculated at 55.55 mg/g using the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic study shows the Ni(II) biosorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The change in heat of sorption (ΔHo) and the isosteric heat of sorption (ΔHr) values indicate the physical sorption as the predominant mechanism for Ni(II) biosorption. The Ni(II) ions were recovered effectively from Bacillus sphaericus biomass using 0.1 M HNO3 and can be recycled. FTIR results showed that carboxylic and amine groups of Bacillus sphaericus cells were responsible for Ni(II) binding.
Middle Miocene Bovids from Mae Moh Basin, Northern Thailand: The First Record of the Genus Eotragus from Southeast Asia

We describe the first bovid fossils from the late middle Miocene (13.4–13.2 Ma) of the Mae Moh Basin of Northern Thailand, and assign the material to the new species Eotragus lampangensis sp. nov., Eotragus cf. lampangensis, and an indeterminate bovid. Our material represents the first report of Eotragus from Southeast Asia, thus greatly extending the geographic distribution of this genus across the Old World continents. While comparisons of the Southeast Asian specimens with abundant material of E. clavatus from Sansan (France) and E. aff. clavatus from Tarazona de Aragón (Spain) indicate a high degree of intraspecific variation within single species of Eotragus, the existence of two distinct taxa at Mae Moh remains a possibility. Based on previous carbon isotope studies of Mae Moh herbivore tooth enamel, Eotragus lampangensis sp. nov. foraged predominantly in an ecotone between grassland and forest.
Pricing behaviour of cooperatives and investor-owned dairies under spatial competition

This paper analyses differences in the pricing behaviour between cooperatives and investor-owned dairies for raw milk in a spatial market setting. We systemize the theoretical literature concerning the relations between price and space in oligopsonistic markets. This provides the foundation for empirically analysing the price-space relationship in the German raw milk market. Space represents the distance to competing dairies and transportation cost. We differentiate between cooperatives and investor-owned dairies in North and South Germany. Specifically, the impact of a dairy’s own legal form and that of neighbouring competitors on the pricing behaviour is assessed. For the South of Germany, a negative relationship between space and raw milk price is found while for the North the relationship is positive. In both North and South the effect is stronger for cooperatives compared to investor-owned firms. Overall, our findings do not necessarily suggest an increase in market power and a decrease in raw milk prices when the concentration process of the dairy sector is progressing. Further, this paper provides the first spatial analysis of the competitive yardstick effect, for which we find weak evidence in the South. For the north, the theory of the competitive yardstick effect cannot be supported empirically. The estimation is based on a panel-data set covering all German dairies from 2001 to 2012 providing information on raw milk prices, processing quantities, legal and production form.
Polynya Signature Simulation Method polynya area in comparison to AMSR-E 89GHz sea-ice concentrations in the Ross Sea and off the Adélie Coast, Antarctica, for 2002–05: first results

Abstract The Polynya Signature Simulation Method (PSSM) is applied to Special Sensor Microwave/Imager observations from different Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft for 2002–05 to analyze the polynya area in the Ross Sea (Ross Ice Shelf polynya (RISP) and Terra Nova Bay polynya (TNBP)) and off the Adélie Coast (Mertz Glacier polynya (MGP)), Antarctica, on a sub-daily scale. The RISP and the MGP exhibit similar average total polynya areas. Major area changes (>10000km2; TNPB: >2000km2) occur over a range of 2–3 to 20 days in all regions. Sub-daily area changes are largest for the MGP (5800km2) and smallest for the TNBP (800km2), underlining the persistence of the forcing of the latter. ARTIST sea-ice (ASI) algorithm concentration maps obtained using 89 GHz Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) data are compared to PSSM maps, yielding convincing agreement in the average, similarly detailed winter polynya distribution. Average ASI algorithm ice concentrations take values of 25–40% and 65–80% for the PSSM open-water and thin-ice class, respectively. The discrepancy with expected values (0% and 100%) can be explained by the different spatial resolution and frequency used by the methods. A new land mask and a mask to flag icebergs are introduced. Comparison of PSSM maps with thermal ice thickness based on AVHRR infrared temperature and ECMWF ERA-40 data suggests an upper thickness limit for the PSSM thin-ice class of 20–25 cm.
Coordination Strategies of Care Across Stroke Recovery: Proposals for Nursing Interventions in Primary Care

Background. Stroke is characterized by its complexity as a result of residual deficits, dependence in basic activities of daily living, and new needs for caregivers. The purpose of this study was to propose nursing interventions in accordance with general practice to provide continuity of care of stroke patients across the stroke-recovery trajectory and support for caregivers beyond the patient’s length of stay. Methods. This is a longitudinal prospective study of a population-based cohort of all cases recorded in inpatient care of a first episode of stroke that occurred between 1 April 2006 and 31 December 2014. Results. There were 1,494 cases (54.1% male) and the mean age was 77.4±12.9 years. Only 27.9% were evaluated by their disability after hospital discharge. Ischemic stroke treated with thrombolysis had the best results in mortality (6.3%) and Barthel score (85.5). Mild dependence for thrombolysis was OR=2.5 with RRR=46%, ARR=9.4%, and NNT=10 to get a Barthel score >60 at discharge. After the episode the percentage of individuals with moderate or greater dependence increased up to 22.5%, with a loss (p=0.023) higher in women, halving the number of individuals with early independence. Of the stroke survivors 43.4% went directly home after acute care and needed a home caregiver. Age (p 60). Conclusions. This study recommends consideration of special interests, both standardization of a discharge report as organizing an individualized primary care plan and the unification of processes for assessment of the situation of dependency among all public administrations to facilitate the necessary support planning for the stroke patient and their family in primary care.
AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF RULES FOR SENTENCE BOUNDARY DISAMBIGUATION

Transformation-based learning (TBL) is the most important machine learning theory aiming at the automatic extraction of rules based on already tagged corpora. However, the application of this theory to a certain application without taking into account the features that characterize this application may cause problems regarding the training time cost as well as the accuracy of the extracted rules. In this paper we present a variation of the basic idea of the TBL and we apply it to the extraction of the sentence boundary disambiguation rules in real-world text, a prerequisite for the vast majority of the natural language processing applications. We show that our approach achieves considerably higher accuracy results and, moreover, requires minimal training time in comparison to the traditional TBL.
A label based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

A Label Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks by Naoto Kimura Dr. Shahram Latifi, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas One of the challenging issues in wireless sensor networks is to acquire, process, and transmit information using the least amount of battery power. In response to this problem, a novel routing scheme for wireless sensor networks, called “Information Dissemination via Label Forwarding (IDLF)”, is presented. IDLE consists of three information exchanging stages. In the first stage, a label is disseminated by a source. After a sink receives the label, it replies a request to the source. By exchanging a label and request, a data path between a source and sink is formed. Finally, an actual data is transmitted through the data path. Transmitting labels and requests, instead of actual data, reduces the redundant transmissions of data packets, and thus achieves energy savings. In addition to IDLF, four energy management schemes directional forwarding, minimum transmission around the sink, battery threshold value, and differential coding are proposed. We compare IDLF with flooding and another wireless routing protocol named SPIN. The simulation results show that the IDLF together with four energy