Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Surface Current Measurement Capabilities of Spaceborne Doppler Scatterometry

Wide‐swath spaceborne Doppler scatterometry is a promising technique for the simultaneous measurement of global ocean surface winds and currents. The technique has been proven from airborne platforms, and here we use the lessons learned to examine a range of implications for a spaceborne system. We use a Doppler scatterometer simulator and a state‐of‐the‐art global circulation model to generate surface current measurements and their random errors. We find that a feasible instrument could measure 5 km gridded surface currents with typical random errors between 10 and 25 cm/s. For higher wind speeds, the random error in surface current decreases logarithmically. This level of accuracy allows for the computation of surface current relative vorticity and horizontal divergence with typical wavelength resolutions of 15–30 and 25–60 km, respectively. Unlike previous studies, we find that these measurements do not require multiday averaging, opening up new avenues for monitoring global ocean circulation.
Design and Control of a Robotic Steering Mechanism for Electrophysiological Catheters

This paper proposes a catheter robot system for cardiac ablation therapy. The robot mechanism for actuating the catheter and the control methods of the catheter tip position will be suggested. The robot system consists of a front module and a handle-control module. The front module is a dual-gripper mechanism for inserting and rotating the catheter without slip between the catheter and gripper, and the handle-control module is for controlling the knob for the bending motion of the catheter. The proposed dual-gripper mechanism has the advantage of large contact surface between the grippers and the catheter, like the human finger, allowing it to form a stable grip of the catheter. However, for continuous insertion, the grippers should be controlled interactively. To achieve this, we explain the motion-planning and trajectory-generation methods. Moreover, we propose a control method that can intuitively control the position of the catheter using a mapping system as manual work. We explain the method of updating the Jacobian model in real time using two position sensors attached to the catheter. Finally, we show the simulation and experimental results to confirm the proposed mechanism and control methods useful for controlling the catheter
Hamartoma: a rare developmental disorder

Eugen Albrecht, a German physician and pathologist (1872-1908; son of the veterinarian Michael Albrecht), at the beginning of the twentieth century, gave the name of hamartomas to nodular lesions that were a likely effect of developmental abnormalities. This term remained in medicine to date. Hamartoma is a non-neoplastic growth built of tissues typical of the organ in which it is formed, but marked by disorder in the arrangement and proportion of different types of cells. This differs from another abnormality called choristoma, which is a benign tumor composed of a normal tissue in an abnormal location, as a form of heterotopia. Hamartoma is a developmental disorder occurring in various body parts and organs. This abnormality sometimes may not cause any visible signs, remaining unrecognized, unless additional circumstances arise, such as a significant increase in its size or pressure on other organs. It occurs alone or coexists with other defects, sometimes forming a characteristic clinical picture of a syndrome of congenital defects. Hamartoma – „tumor arising from error” (21), a lesion between a developmental disorder and a benign tumor – is relatively frequent in humans. It is detected accidentally, for example, in the lung parenchyma. Typically spherical, sharply and clearly defined tumor with a diameter of about 2-3 cm, located in peripheral parts of the lungs, is found during a plain radiographic examination. Histologically, it is composed mainly of adipose tissue and cartilage, arranged chaotically within the lesion (Fig. 1-4). Multiple nodules located in the walls of the bronchi are occasionally observed. Hamartoma develops mostly in men, usually in the small bronchi and less frequently (10%) in a lumen of the large bronchi (50). It forms in two phases: first it emerges as glandular papilloma, and then tissues of mesenchymal origin, such as hyaline cartilage (sometimes elastic cartilage), adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue and even bone and muscle tissue, proliferate in the stroma. These changes, regarded as neoplastic lesions (benign mixed tumors), grow for Hamartoma: a rare developmental disorder
Molecular Profiling Of Rhizoshere Bacterial Communities of Plants Grown In Soils with Petroleum Contaminants

Rhizosphere, a thin layer of soil that surrounds the root and is under the joint, direct influence of the root, root hairs, and AM hyphae adjacent to the root. In the rhizosphere, microbial processes include exudation, water uptake, nutrient mobilization, soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and respiration. The diversity of microbes associated with plant roots is enormous, in the order of tens of thousands of species. This complex plant-associated microbial community, also referred to as the second genome of the plant, is crucial for plant health. Recent advances in plant–microbe interactions research revealed that plants are able to shape their rhizosphere microbiome, as evidenced by the fact that different plant species host specific microbial communities when grown on the same soil. Understanding the rhizosphere interactions between microbes and plants is a critical first step in moving toward sustainable production of biofuel crops. In this project soil samples are procured from rhizoshere soil of soils having various petroleum contaminants. These soils are screened for isolation of bacteria and further studies are performed. DNA is isolated from the soil collected. The DNA is then amplified with the help of selected primers and agarose gel electrophoresis is run and then the target DNA is extracted from the gel. Biochemical analysis of the bacteria is done to know the biochemical properties of the bacterial colonies from the soil. Further analysis is to be done.
The effect of initial conditions on mixing transition of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability

Abstract We investigate the late-time Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) growth of sinuous perturbations on an air/sulphur hexafluoride interface (Atwood number, $A \sim 0.67$) subjected to a Mach 1.2 planar shock wave at Los Alamos National Laboratory's vertical shock tube facility. Interface perturbations are established using a novel membraneless technique where cross-flowing air and SF$_6$ separated by an oscillating splitter plate create a perturbed density interface. The interface formed has multi-modal features and residual small perturbations, however, a dominant mode is still noticeable. The late-time perturbation growths scale with $ka_0$ initial conditions (where $k$ is the wavenumber and $a_0$ is the initial amplitude of the dominant mode) as measured at the pre-shock interface. Past nonlinear models based on potential-flow theory, heuristic/interpolation approaches, Padé approximants and numerical simulations are evaluated against present experimental results. Accounting for an explicit $ka_0$ dependence in Sadot et al.'s (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 80, issue 8, 1998, pp. 1654–1657) model, we propose an empirical rational function that captures the asymptotic behaviour of perturbation growth for a broad range of initial conditions ($0.30 \leq ka_0 \leq 0.86$). The onset of mixing transition and its initial condition dependence are investigated with respect to the minimum state criterion ($Re = 1.6 \times 10^5$) for unsteady flows by Zhou (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 14, 2007, 082701). Earlier mixing transitions for higher $ka_0$ initial conditions are noted from local and global Reynolds number estimates which are corroborated by the existence of an inertial sub-range and formation of mixing regions indicating the physical significance of the minimum state criterion in RMI flows. The transition is accompanied by the increasing teapot-like appearance of joint probability density functions of $p$–$q$ (invariants of the reduced velocity gradient tensor), establishing the technique as a useful tool for turbulence detection in two-dimensional diagnostics.
Reducing Incidence of Nonpositive Definite Covariance Matrices in Mixed Effect Models

Abstract Deciding which random effects to retain is a central decision in mixed effect models. Recent recommendations advise a maximal structure whereby all theoretically relevant random effects are retained. Nonetheless, including many random effects often leads to nonpositive definiteness. A typical remedy is to simplify the random effect structure by removing random effects or associated covariances. However, this practice is known to bias estimates of remaining covariance parameters and compromise fixed effect inferences. Cholesky decompositions frequently are suggested as an alternative and are automatically implemented in some software. Instead of Cholesky decompositions, we describe factor analytic structures as an approach to avoid nonpositive definiteness. This approach is occasionally employed in biosciences like plant breeding, but, ironically, has not been established in behavioral sciences despite the close historical connection with factor analysis in these fields. We discuss how a factor analytic structure facilitates estimation and conduct simulations to compare convergence and performance to simplifying the random effects structure or Cholesky decomposition approaches. Results show a lower rate of nonpositive definiteness with the factor analytic structure than Cholesky decomposition and suggest that factor analytic covariance structure may be useful to combating nonpositive definiteness, especially in models with many random effects.
Africans and the costs of obtaining visas for international migration: A disquisition on the trends, implications and biases in the policy framework

Abstract Changes in socio-economic dynamics in an increasingly globalized world have triggered a significant increase in migration, especially for individuals from Africa. Voluntary migration comes with numerous costs, both hidden and unhidden. These costs, without doubt, do vary from one individual to another. Taking an evidence-based approach with data collected from the United States’ Department of State, this paper uncovers the expenses shouldered by Africans who seek Non-Immigrant Visas to the United States of America (US or USA). With over 80 categories of Non-Immigrant Visas (NIVs), the paper is narrowed to the most commonly sought NIV: the B1/B2 (business and tourism). This paper reflects on not only the increasing numbers of applications made over the years, and the financial implications these applications have on both the applicants and the national economies wherefrom they are made. Furthermore, it reviews the policies relating to US nationals who seek visas to visit African countries for business or tourism. As observed in the analysis of the evidence (official data), this paper argues that the payment of lower amounts thereof is indicative of a bias and lack of reciprocity in this regard, making migration to the Western world a drainage pipe through which African financial resources are collected.
IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVD-19 A CENTURY PANDEMIC IN INDIA

Covid-19 a novel coronavirus has diversify from Wuhan city to throughout China and is being exported to the whole world Here we describe the impact of 21-days lockdown in India to save the 1 3 bilion population from entering into stage 3 of epidemic with precautions to all the Indians to stay at home The panic has created in India due to spread of the novel coronavirus and effects of economy and commerce of India
Prevalence of some food poisoning bacteria in local and imported retail pork by-products in Egyptian markets

A very limited research work concerning foods of porcine origin in Egypt were obtained in spite of presence of a considerable swine population and consumers. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of food poisoning bacteria isolated from local and imported retail pork by-products in Egyptian markets. A total of 80 pork samples, including 60 local pork by-products and 20 imported ones were used. The isolated bacteria species after biochemical and serological typing were Escherichia coli (59) and distributed as E. coli O157(27), E. coli O146(18) and E. coli O111 (14) by 33.75, 22.5 and 17.5%, respectively followed by Staphylococcus aureus which was isolated from 23 (28.75%), Salmonella spp. was represented by Salmonella typhimurium (9) Salmonella enteritidis (7) and Salmonella agona (4), as 11.25,8.75, and 5%, respectively. Finally, Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 9 samples as 11.25%. The bacterial isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and more resistant to penicillin, gentamicin, amoxicillin and ceftazidime. The bacterial isolation is considerably more in the local pork by-products than the imported samples. On the whole, both types are commonly in permissible limits of the Egyptian food quality standard as the high A.P.C. were Staphylococci and E. coli followed by Salmonella spp. , then L. monocytogenes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on isolation and identification of food born bacteria from pork by-products in Egypt. Key words: Pork by-products, local, imported, food poisoning bacteria, Egypt.
Towards a Tweet Analysis System to Study Human Needs During COVID-19 Pandemic

Governments and municipalities need to understand their citizens’ psychological needs in critical times and dangerous situations. COVID-19 brings lots of challenges to deal with. We propose NeedFull, an interactive and scalable tweet analysis platform, to help governments and municipalities to understand residents’ real psychological needs during those periods. The platform mainly consists of four parts: data collection module, data storage module, data analysis module and data visualization module. The whole process of how data flows in the system is illustrated as follows: Our crawlers in the data collection module gather raw data from a popular social network website Twitter. Then the data is fed into our human need detection model in the data analysis module before stored into the database. When a user enters a query through the user interface, they will get all the related items in the database by the index system of the data storage module and a comprehensive human needs analysis of these items is then presented and depicted in the data visualization module. We employed the proposed platform to investigate the reaction of people in four big regions including New York, Ottawa, Toronto and Montreal to the ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic by collecting tweets posted during this period. The results show that the most pronounced human need in these tweets is relatedness with 51.32%, followed by autonomy with 22.56% and competence with 18.82%. And the percentages of tweets expressing frustration are larger than those of tweets expressing satisfaction for each psychological need in general.
Comparative Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Sources

Objective : To provide a better understanding on the potential threat of P. aeruginosa as a whole, this study was conducted to compare the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics between isolates from the two different sources. Method : Twenty isolates were successfully harvested from soil while 30 clinical isolates were viably available in collection for comparison. Several biochemical tests and 16S rRNA DNA sequence homology were conducted for species identification. Pigmentation, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and virulence genes distribution were determined and correlated in 2x2 contingency tables. BOX- and ERIC-PCR were done to identify the genetic relationship among the 50 isolates. Result: All soil isolates showed only pyoverdine pigment production while clinical isolates produced either pyocyanin or pyoverdine, or both pigments. Soil isolates were largely susceptible to the tested antibiotics while antimicrobial resistance as well as multidrug resistance was observed among clinical isolates. Virulence genes were differentially detected in both clinical and soil isolates with exo S being the most dominant in both groups of isolates. Composite analysis of BOX-ERIC-PCR indicated all isolates to have no close genetic relationship. Conclusion : Soil isolates are largely susceptible to antibiotics but do carry important virulence genes and pyoverdine. The later was reported to be associated with biofilm capacity which may facilitate survival of isolates in environment as well as during human infection. Therefore, both groups of isolates may pose infection threat at various degrees. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; pigmentation; virulence genes; antibiotic susceptibility; composite BOX-ERIC-PCR.
Tendencias investigativas en el estudio de tecnologías inclusivas para población sorda

Resumen El avance tecnologico debe orientarse a generar mejoras en la calidad de vida y bienestar de la sociedad. Una de las poblaciones con mayores necesidades corresponde a personas sordas, por esto resulta necesario examinar la evolucion y tendencias investigativas, en relacion con tecnologias dirigidas a poblacion con dificultades auditivas, entre 1990 y 2019. La metodologia involucro 202 documentos recopilados mediante ecuacion de busqueda, obtenida de Scopus, originando indicadores de cantidad y calidad, ademas del analisis de temas emergentes y crecientes en este campo. Los hallazgos incluyen prevalencia del interes por la exploracion y difusion de las tecnologias disenadas para poblacion sorda, especialmente en paises como Estados Unidos, demostrandose altos indices de productividad y circulacion del conocimiento por parte de instituciones y autores. Entre las conclusiones, se evidencio la importancia de investigaciones en tematicas asociadas al lenguaje de senas, accesibilidad, reconocimiento de gestos mediante sensores, sustitucion sensorial y aplicaciones moviles, como instrumentos favorecedores del desarrollo de personas afectadas en su audicion. Se reconoce el valor de las investigaciones y la evolucion tecnologica como mecanismos dinamizadores del desarrollo de personas sordas, basadas en la comunicacion y los procesos de aprendizaje, convirtiendose en elemento integrador de esta poblacion en distintos contextos sociales. Abstract Technological progress must be oriented towards generating improvements in the quality of life and well-being of society. One of the populations with the greatest needs corresponds to deaf people, so it is necessary to examine the evolution and research trends, in relation to technologies aimed at the population with hearing difficulties, between 1990 and 2019. The methodology involved 202 documents compiled by means of a search equation, obtained from Scopus, originating quantity and quality indicators, in addition to the analysis of emerging and growing issues in this field. The findings include the prevalence of interest in the exploration and dissemination of technologies designed for the deaf population, especially in countries such as the United States, demonstrating high rates of productivity and circulation of knowledge by institutions and authors. Among the conclusions, the importance of research on issues associated with sign language, accessibility, gesture recognition through sensors, sensory substitution and mobile applications, as instruments that promote the development of people affected by their hearing, was highlighted. The value of research and technological evolution is recognized as dynamic mechanisms for the development of deaf people, based on communication and learning processes, becoming an integrating element of this population in different social contexts.
Risky behavior and its effect on survival: snowshoe hare behavior under varying moonlight conditions

Predation and predation risk can exert strong influences on the behavior of prey species. However, risk avoidance behaviors may vary among populations of the same species. We studied a population of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) near the southern edge of their range, in Pennsylvania. This population occupies different habitat types, experiences different environmental conditions, and are exposed to different predator species and densities than northern hare populations; therefore, they might exhibit differences in risk avoidance behaviors. We analyzed hare survival, movement rates, and habitat use under different levels of predation risk, as indexed by moonlight. Similar to previous work, we found snowshoe hare survival decreased with increased moon illumination during the winter, but we found differences in behavioral responses to increased predation risk. We found that snowshoe hares did not reduce movement rates during high-risk nights, but instead found that hares selected areas with denser canopy cover, compared to low-risk nights. We suggest that behavioral plasticity in response to predation risk allows populations of the same species to respond to localized conditions.
A deep neural network interatomic potential for studying thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3

β-Ga2O3 is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of significant technological importance for electronics, but its low thermal conductivity is an impeding factor for its applications. In this work, an interatomic potential is developed for β-Ga2O3 based on a deep neural network model to predict the thermal conductivity and phonon transport properties. Our potential is trained by the ab initio energy surface and atomic forces, which reproduces phonon dispersion in good agreement with first-principles calculations. We are able to use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the anisotropic thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3 with this potential, and the calculated thermal conductivity values agree well with experimental results from 200 to 500 K. Green–Kubo modal analysis is performed to quantify the contributions of different phonon modes to the thermal transport, showing that optical phonon modes play a critical role in the thermal transport. This work provides a high-fidelity machine learning-based potential for MD simulation of β-Ga2O3 and serves as a good example of exploring thermal transport physics of complex semiconductor materials.
Olfactory Signals Involved in Kin Recognition in Zebrafish

Several mechanisms have been proposed by which individuals may discriminate kin. One way to identify possible relatives is to treat any conspeciÞc that shares a particular location or degree of familiarity as kin. Kin recognition requires more stringent criteria when proximity and familiarity with conspeciÞcs are not sufÞciently reliable to detect true genetic relatedness. In a more speciÞc method of kin recognition known as phenotype matching, an individual learns a template of its own phenotype [1] and/or that of its familiar kin [2], and later compares the phenotypes of unfamiliar animals with this template [3]. Such phenotype matching depends on a consistent correlation between phenotypic and genotypic similarity, so that detectable traits are more alike among close relatives than among more distantly related or unrelated individuals [4].