Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Train Control System with Real Time Train Tracking Facility Based On GPS and Onboard Disaster Prevention Network

: A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and pressure to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. It provides a bridge between the real physical and virtual worlds. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control.The aim of the project is to design a system that will run the train autonomously without any human operators. This will avoid train to train collisions, over speeding problem, signalling errors and unmanned railway crossing incidents. Provide a way for a passenger to know the train location, speed and direction in real time from anywhere in India through his mobile phone using GPS. The train unit has an on-board GPS module and a GSM module. A passenger can simply query the location of a train via SMS from his mobile phone. The train unit will reply to the user mobile with the GPS coordinates of the present location it is travelling. Driverless train control system operates on the principle of a central railway server and communication devices fixed in each trains. In unmanned railway crossing truck/car/humans/animals may cross a railway line. The train control system oversees this and can adapt to slow down the speed accordingly. It has a front SONAR ultrasonic range finder for this purpose. Interconnect all the train compartments with embedded network to ensure safety and security of passengers during disasters occurring within trains such as bomb blasts and fire outbreaks. Have audio speakers to inform the passengers about the approaching station and also to provide alert messages during a crisis situation.
Modeling hydrogen peroxide bleaching of soda pulp from oil-palm empty fruit bunches

The influence of the variables soda (0.5-3.0%), hydrogen peroxide (1.0-6.0%) and time (1-5 h) in the bleaching of soda pulp of empty fruit bunches (EFB) from oil-palm, on the properties of bleached pulps, was studied. Polynomial and neural fuzzy models reproduced the results of brightness, kappa number, and viscosity of the pulps with errors less than 10%. By the simulation of the bleaching of pulp, using the polynomial and neural fuzzy models, it was possible to find optimal values of operating variables, so that the properties of bleached pulps differed only slightly from their best values and yet it was possible to save chemical reagents, energy, and plant size, operating with lower values of operating variables. Thus, operating with 1.13% soda concentration and 2.25% hydrogen peroxide concentration for 3 hours, a pulp with a brightness of 75.1% (8.1% below the maximum) and a viscosity of 740 mL/g (10.4% less than the maximum value), was obtained.
HPV knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs among Hispanic men and women living on the Texas–Mexico border

Background. US Hispanic women have higher cervical cancer incidence rates than non-Hispanic White and African-American women and lower rates of cervical cancer screening. Knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs may play a role in higher rates of infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and decisions about subsequent diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. Study aim. To explore the level of HPV knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs among Hispanic men and women on the Texas–Mexico border. Methodological approach. Informed by feminist ethnography, the authors used an interpretive approach to understand local respondents’ concerns and interests. Focus group sessions were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Recruitment and sample. Promotoras (lay health workers) recruited participants using convenience sampling methods. Group sessions were held in public service centers in Brownsville. Participants’ ages ranged from 19 to 76 years. Methods analysis. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed in Spanish. Researchers read and discussed all the transcripts and generated a coding list. Transcripts were coded using ATLAS.ti 5.0. Key findings. Participants had little understanding about HPV and its role in the etiology of cervical cancer. Attitudes and concerns differed by gender. Women interpreted a diagnosis of HPV as a diagnosis of cancer and expressed fatalistic beliefs about its treatment. Men initially interpreted a diagnosis of HPV as an indication of their partners’ infidelity, but after reflecting upon the ambiguity of HPV transmission, attributed their initial reaction to cultural ideals of machismo. Men ultimately were interested in helping their partners seek care in the event of a positive diagnosis. Implications for practice. Results suggest that understanding Hispanics’ cultural norms and values concerning disease, sexuality, and gender is essential to the design and implementation of interventions to prevent and treat HPV and cervical cancer.
Computer translation of IUPAC systematic organic chemical nomenclature. 5. Steroid nomenclature

The grammar-based approach to the computer recognition and translation of IUPAC systematic organic chemical nomenclature, described in previous papers in this series, has been applied to semisystematic steroid names. Steroid nomenclature is based on trivially named steroid parents, which may be modified and substituted by following the systematic rules of IUPAC organic nomenclature, and a special numbering scheme. Grammar rules are presented for the stigmastane and lanostane series and for the stereochemical and structural modifications applied to steroids. Semantic processing of acceptable steroid names produces a concise connection table (CCT), and definitions of the extensions to this are given for some of the stereochemical and structural modifications allowed by the grammar. The production from steroid names of Standard Molecular Data (SMD) format and character graphics displays of structure diagrams in the preferred orientation are reported
Occupational trichloroethylene exposure and cervical pathology: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVES Trichloroethylene (TCE) is suspected of association with elevated risk of cervical cancer. A case-control study was performed in a geographical area in which occupational TCE exposure is high. The study objective was to analyze the correlation between occupational TCE exposure and cervical cancer (including precancerous conditions). METHODS Case and control subjects were recruited by gynecologists. General and occupational data were collected by telephonic interviews. An industrial hygienist assessed occupational TCE exposure on a task-exposure matrix. Analysis focused on occupational TCE exposure at various levels and on cumulative dose. Multivariate analysis was performed to take account of the various risk factors. RESULTS In total, 67 case and 67 age-matched control subjects were included. Mean age was 36 years in both groups. Five of the possible general risk factors correlated significantly with cervical dysplasia or cancer: number of partners, history of genital or anal wart, interval between first period and first sexual relation, parity, and body mass index, the last three showing inverse correlation. Elevated risk was found in women who had had jobs as manual workers according to the PCS French classification (professions and socioprofessional categories), and production and related workers according to ISCO classification (International Standard Classification of Occupations), with odds ratios (ORs), adjusted on general and medical risk factors, of 7.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-42.54] and 7.48 (1.30-43.24), respectively, among skilled service sector workers; the adjusted OR was close to significance, at 4.67 (95% CI: 0.92-23.67). No occupational sectors were significantly associated with elevated risk. In all, 17 (25.4%) case and 15 (22.4%) control subjects were exposed to TCE: raw OR = 1.17 (95% CI: 0.54-2.52), adjusted OR = 1.51 (95% CI: 0.42-5.41). There was no significant correlation between cumulative dose and exposure time. CONCLUSIONS The study found no significantly increased risk of cervical dysplasia or cancer associated with occupational TCE exposure.
Improving password system effectiveness

As computers reach more aspects of our everyday life, so too do the passwords that keep them secure. Coping with these passwords can be a problem for many individuals and organisations who have to deal with the consequences of passwords being forgotten, yet little is known of this issue. This thesis considers the effectiveness of password authentication systems for three groups of stakeholders including users, support staff, and system owners. The initial problem of how to create memorable but secure passwords is reconceptualised as how to improve password system effectiveness. Interview, questionnaire, and system log studies in BT, and experiments at UCL-CS confirm some basic hypotheses about key variables impacting performance, and show that other variables than the memorability of password content are also important which have hitherto not figured in security research and practice. Interventions based on these findings are proposed. Empirical evaluation suggests that the interventions proposed that 'redesign' the user but exclude other parts of the system would fail. Reason's (1990) Generic Error Modelling System (GEMS) is used as a basis for modelling password system performance at the level of individual users. GEMS and the Basic Elements of Production are used generalise these findings, and for the first time to model information security. This new model, "Elevation", is validated by expert review, and a modified version is presented.
Cytoskeleton mediates inhibition of the fast Na+ current in respiratory brainstem neurons during hypoxia

Whole‐cell Na+ currents (INa) were recorded in inspiratory neurons in a medullary slice preparation from neonatal mouse that contains the functional respiratory network. Hypoxia and metabolic poisoning with KCN rapidly inhibited INa by reducing the number of Na+ channels available for opening during depolarization. Application of agents specific for G‐proteins, protein kinase C and A, intracellular Ca2+ and pH did not prevent the hypoxic inhibition of INa. The effects of hypo‐osmolarity and hypoxia were additive, whereas hyperosmolarity partially prevented a subsequent hypoxic inhibition of INa. Cytochalasin B and colchicine decreased, and taxol or phalloidin increased INa and reduced its hypoxic inhibition. We conclude that cytoskeleton rearrangements during hypoxia are responsible for suppression of a fast INa in brainstem respiratory neurons, which could be mediated by the uncoupling of channel inactivation gates from cytoskeletal elements.
Improving Collaborative Filtering Using a Cognitive Model of Human Category Learning

Classic resource recommenders like Collaborative Filtering treat users as being just another entity, thereby neglecting non-linear user-resource dynamics that shape attention and interpretation. SUSTAIN, as an unsupervised human category learning model, captures these dynamics. It aims to mimic a learner’s behavior of categorization. In this paper, we use three social bookmarking datasets gathered from BibSonomy, CiteULike and Delicious to investigate SUSTAIN as a user modeling approach to re-rank and enrich Collaborative Filtering following a hybrid recommender strategy. Evaluations against baseline algorithms in terms of recommender accuracy and computational complexity reveal encouraging results. Our approach substantially improves Collaborative Filtering and, depending on the dataset, successfully competes with a computationally much more expensive Matrix Factorization variant. In a further step, we explore SUSTAIN’s dynamics in our specific learning task and show that both, memorization of a user’s history and clus- tering, contribute to the algorithm’s performance. Finally, we observe that the users’ attentional foci determined by SUSTAIN correlate with the users’ level of curiosity, identified by the SPEAR algorithm. Overall, the results of our study show that SUSTAIN can be used to efficiently model attention-interpretation dynamics of users and can help to improve Collaborative Filtering in resource recommendation tasks.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

The kinetics of antibody formation after immunization with the synthetic polypeptide poly-L(Tyr, Glu)-poly-D, L-Ala--poly-L-Lys [(T, G)-A--L] in aqueous solution were studied in genetically high (H-2b) and low (H-2k) responder strains of mice. During the 1st wk after immunization both strains developed brisk primary responses consisting of IgM antibody. With subsequent antigen challenge, only the high responder mice showed immunological memory, producing high titers of IgG antibody. In contrast, the low responder mice continued to make a persistent low level of IgM antibody and appeared unreactive to secondary or tertiary antigen challenge. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the immune response-1 gene [controlling response to (T, G)-A--L] exerts its effect on the immune response at the time of switchover from IgM to IgG antibody production.
Reconsideration of Azimuth Ambiguities in SAR

The traditional method of specifying and controlling azimuth ambiguities in SAR is through integrated energy balance measures. However, the most frequently observed azimuth ambiguities arise from ensembles of strong point reflectors in the principal sidelobes of the antenna, which in turn are aliased into the processed Doppler bandwidth by the radar PRF. This paper considers the dependence of these ambiguities on radar wavelength and PRF. It is shown that such ambiguous image elements are strengthened in proportion to ¿ 2 and PRF-1. The theoretical structure is based on orbital SAR geometry, including Earth rotation. The work is applied to a SIR-B L-band radar scene in which azimuth ambiguities are clearly observed. The level and spatial position of these ambiguities are measured in the digital image. The results are extrapolated to higher frequency radars such as ERS-1 and Radarsat. It is concluded that for these C-band radars the point azimuth ambiguity restraint is more relevant (and more binding) than the traditional energy balance method.
Comparison of adrenocorticotropic hormone and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the best alternative therapy for acute gouty arthritis when nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or colchicine are contraindicated. METHODS Thirty-one patients with crystal proven gout presenting with an acute attack of < 5 days' duration were treated prospectively with either a single intramuscular injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 40 IU or triamcinolone acetonide 60 mg. The patients were followed for 30 days. RESULTS Resolution of all symptoms occurred at an average of 8 days for both groups. No adverse reactions were noted in either group; however, there were 11 reinjections in the ACTH group and 5 reinjections in the triamcinolone acetonide group. Two patients from the ACTH arm were transferred to the triamcinolone acetonide arm because of rebound arthritis. CONCLUSION Although recent studies of ACTH and triamcinolone acetonide have demonstrated efficacy and safety comparable to indomethacin, in a direct comparison of the 2 at the doses used, triamcinolone acetonide resulted in fewer rebound attacks and treatment failures than ACTH and required fewer reinjections.
SOS analysis of cooling control of hot strips in transition boiling region

This paper proposes a new model for cooling control in the transition boiling region. The temperature dependence of the cooling process gain is expressed via a nonlinear state space form. The stability of cooling control system is analyzed by applying the SOS (Sum of Squares) technique to this model. Simulation results show that the gain of PI controller should be reduced as target temperatures become lower and enter the transition boiling region.
Value Differences Between Scientists and Practitioners : A Survey of SIOP Members

The scientist-practitioner model emphasizes the importance of integrating science and practice in a meaningful way. Treatments of the science-practice gap inevitably include a discussion of the differences between research and practical application and the difficulty inherent in assimilating these two diverse goals. Murphy and Saal (1990) suggested that even if we do begin to do a better job balancing research and applied goals, it is realistic to expect that there will still be few people who weigh these goals equally. Instead, it is likely that most I-O psychologists would primarily be concerned with either research or practice, with only a secondary concern for the other piece of the model. Anderson, Herriot, and Hodgkinson (2001) observed that those on both sides of the science-practice gap in I-O psychology hold stereotypes of one another. Researchers are seen as interested only in methodology at the expense of anything relevant to the real world, whereas practitioners are seen as proponents of fads, ignoring all theoretical evidence. Although most realize that these stereotypes are extreme and are not wholly accurate conceptualizations of either area, the idea that differences exist between those preferring to focus on research and those primarily interested in practical application seems to be an implicit assumption in the science-practice dialogue. Because we have no empirical evidence to support this assumption, the present study investigated differences in work values and workplace characteristics of people in academic versus applied jobs in the field of I-O psychology. Although those doing research and applied work in psychology share the common title of “I-O Psychologist,” scientists and practitioners clearly play distinct roles. Research is the main focus of academics, whereas “most nonacademic I-O psychologists are not actively engaged in research or research publication” (Murphy & Saal, 1990, p. 51). These authors speculated that people are drawn to either research or practice roles based in part on individual differences in values. That scientists and practitioners perform different activities suggests that those entering the field could benefit not only from understanding value differences between people who choose academic and applied careers but also from understanding what needs the two different career paths fulfill. We compiled a list of values for which we expected scientists and practitioners in I-O psychology to differ. In addition, we examined whether there were differences between research and applied jobs in the degree to which they fulfilled employees’ needs. If there are, indeed, notable differences between science and practice, it would be useful for those respon-
[Multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Iceland--case series and review of the literature].

BACKGROUND Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a growing health problem in the world. Treatment outcomes are poorer, duration longer and costs higher. We report three cases of MDR-TB diagnosed in Iceland in a six year period, 2003-8. CASE DESCRIPTIONS The first case was a 23-year-old immigrant with a prior history of latent TB infection treated with isoniazid. He was admitted two years later with peritoneal MDR-TB. He was treated for 18 months and improved. The second case was a 23-year-old immigrant diagnosed with pulmonary MDR-TB after having dropped out of treatment in his country of origin. Clinical and microbiological response was achieved and two years of treatment were planned. The third case involved a 27-year-old asymptomatic woman diagnosed with MDR-TB on contact tracing, because of her brother's MDR-TB. 18 months of treatment were planned. CONCLUSIONS Clustering of cases of MDR-TB in the last six years, accounting for almost 5% of all Icelandic TB cases in the period, suggests that an increase in incidence might be seen in Iceland in coming years. The infection poses a health risk to the patients and the general public as well as a financial burden on the health care system. Emphasis should be put on rapid diagnosis and correct treatment, together with appropriate immigration screening and contact tracing.
Clinical significance of detecting elevated serum DcR3/TR6/M68 in malignant tumor patients

TR6/DcR3/M68 is a soluble receptor that belongs to the TNF receptor family. It is expressed in malignant cells of several tumor types and has been postulated to help tumor cells to gain survival advantage by inhibiting apoptosis and by interfering with immune surveillance. In our study, we assessed for the first time serum TR6 in tumor patients to explore its diagnostic and prognostic value. We examined serum TR6 levels with ELISA in 146 tumor patients, 19 patients with acute infection, 5 patients with liver cirrhosis and 29 healthy individuals. TR6 expression in tumor mass was studied with immunohistochemistry. TR6 gene copy number in tumor tissues was evaluated by real time PCR. Ninety‐seven point nine percent (47 of 48 cases) of healthy individuals and patients with acute infection were serum TR6‐negative. In contrast, 56.2% (82 of 146 cases) of the tumor patients were serum TR6‐positive. Almost all serum TR6‐positive individuals (98.8%, 82 out of 83 cases) had malignancy, excluding the cases of liver cirrhosis. In gastric carcinomas, serum TR6 levels were closely correlated with tumor differentiation status and TNM classification. Tumor mass was the source of serum TR6 because its levels decreased drastically after curative tumor resection. TR6 gene amplification occurred in about half of liver carcinomas, but not in gastric or pancreatic carcinomas, indicating plural mechanisms of TR6 upregulation. Our study demonstrated that serum TR6 should be considered as a novel parameter for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of malignancies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Analysis for 171 cases of esophageal foreign bodies impacted in upper esophagus with endoscopic treatment].

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and complications of rigid endoscopy (RE) and flexible endoscopy (FE) for the extraction of esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) in adults. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 171 adult patients with the upper esophageal FB impaction treated at Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China, between January 2008 and December 2012. RESULTS In the study, 126 patients with the upper esophageal foreign body impaction were treated with RE, while 45 patients received FE. (1)The size of FBs in FE group was the same as RE group(P = 0.495, P = 0.125). (2)The period impacted in the esophagus of RE group (25.8 ± 28.6) h was longer than that of FE group (13.9 ± 14.5) h (P = 0.009). (3)71.4% of the patients in RE and 88.9% in FE group went to hospital for treatment within 24 hours from being impacted, while 15.1% in RE group and 8.9% in FE group were between 24 and 48 hours.13. 5% in RE and 2.2% in FE group went to hospital beyond 48 hours. (4)The proportion of FBs puncturing into one or two esophageal walls in RE group (67.5%) was higher than that in FE group (35.6%). (5) The positive rates with the upper gastrointestinal barium contrast and chest X-ray or abdominal plain film were 98.3%,23.6% and 100%,14.3% for diagnosing esophageal FBs in RE and FE groups. (6)The successful rate, complication rate and perforation rate were 100%,38.1% and 6.3%and 95.6%,48.9%,and 2.2% in RE and FE groups, respectively with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both RE and FE were effective in the extraction of upper esophageal FBs with no difference in the complication and perforation rates. But FE was cheaper and no need for general anesthesia.