Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of dyspnea sensation: A comprehensive review for better practice of pulmonary rehabilitation

Dyspnea is defined as “a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity”. In patients especially with pulmonary diseases, dyspnea reduces daily activity, which worsens the physical condition, and thereby further increases dyspnea, forming a vicious cycle. In clinical practice, reduction of dyspnea in patients with diseases is crucial. One of the goals in pulmonary rehabilitation is reduction of dyspnea to break the above-mentioned vicious cycle. However, the mechanism of dyspnea perception has not been fully elucidated because it is complex and is not explained by a single factor such as changes in blood gas. Not all patients with chronic respiratory failure with hypercapnia are dyspneic, or not all patients with COPD with severe hypoxemia perceive dyspnea. To date, sufficiently effective methods to relieve dyspnea have not been established. We integrated the theories which explain the mechanisms of dyspnea perception with our considerations from the viewpoint of respiratory neurophysiology, and propose a model of dyspnea perception mechanism. In our model, dyspnea results from disassociation or mismatch between the neural respiratory motor output from the respiratory neural network in the lower brainstem and the actually accomplished ventilation. The projection modality of neural information on dyspnea to the higher sensory center of the brain, and the brain regions for comparison of the intended respiratory neural output from the brainstem respiratory center and the monitored actual ventilatory output remain unknown. Further clarification of these issues will enlighten understanding of the pathophysiology of dyspnea and contribute to more effective practice of pulmonary rehabilitation.
On the origin and spread of horse domestication

Many events in the history of eastern Eurasia are expected to have affected the genetic structure of domestic horse populations in this area, including the process of domestication itself, the initial spread of domestic horses, and subsequent movements associated with the use of horses for transportation and as objects of trade and prestige. We investigate levels of withinand between population genetic diversity in “non-breed horses” (working horses sampled in remote areas) from 17 locations in Asia and parts of Eastern Europe, using 26 autosomal microsatellite loci. Non-breed horses have not been subject to the same intensity of artificial selection and closed breeding as most breed animals and are thus expected to better reflect the population history of domestic horses. Despite geographic distances between sampling locations of between 300 and 7000 km, pairwise FST was very low (range: <0.001-0.033), suggesting historically high levels of gene flow. Our analyses of non-breed horses revealed a pattern of isolation by distance and a significant decline in genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity and allelic richness) from East to West, consistent with a westward expansion of horses out of East Asia. While the timing of this putative expansion is unclear, our results highlight the benefit of studying animals that do not belong to particular breeds when investigating aspects of a population’s history. Chapter 3 Genetic diversity in Eastern Eurasia
The Rise of Blockchain Technology: Overcoming Theoretical Poverty and Its Implications for Developing Countries

The blockchain is still new and unfamiliar. But blockchain appears to shake an entire technology innovation system. Blockchain is rapidly drawing attention in that it will be able to fundamentally revolutionize industry ecosystem. While cryptocurrency transactions and market capitalization have been popular in mass media, several platform operators in non-cryptocurrency areas such as jewelry, social networks, and entertainment, are also moving to introduce blockchain technology in full swing. In this brief note, we intend to present integrated theoretical strands to summarize various prospects for blockchain technology. Further, we want to provide a reflection as to whether this new technology gives opportunities, challenges, or risks to future society. Particularly, we point out one of its alternative and promising adoption that gives way to new forms of decentralized and autonomous organizations (DAOs).
Operational Risk Management in a Financial Institution

Risk is a fundamental business factor, mostly because no activity can be profitable without risk. Therefore, any business company is trying to maximize its profits by managing the risk specific to its field of activity and by avoiding or transferring the risk that it does not want to take over. A robust banking strategy should include both bank risk management programs and procedures that aim to minimize the likelihood of these risks and the potential exposure of the bank. This stems from the primary objective of these policies, namely to minimize the additional losses or costs borne by the bank, and the central objective of banking activity is to gain the most profit for shareholders.
Modelado de potencia en placas SBC: integración de diferentes generaciones Raspberry Pi

1 Instituto de Investigación en Informática LIDI (CEA-CIC), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina 2 Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina. 3 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina. {jmpaniego, llibutti, mpipuig, francoch, ldgiusti, mnaiouf, degiusti}@lidi.info.unlp.edu. ar
Between hazards of starvation and risk of predation : the ecology of offshore animals

Go Open Journal of Ecology. Effects of temperature and resource abundance on smalland large-bodied cladocerans: Community stability and species replacement. Irina Yu. [3] Gliwicz, Z.M. (2003) Between hazards of starvation and risk of predation: The ecology of offshore animals. Inter-national Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe. [4] Hanski, I. and Ranta, E. (1983) Coexistence in a patchy environment: Three species of Daphnia in rock pools. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 263-279. doi:10.2307/4599. [5] Foran, A.F. (1986) A comparison of the life history fea-tures of a temperate and a subtropical Daphnia species. Oikos, 46, 185-193. doi:10.2307/3565466. C o n t a c t C o p y r i g h t a n d D i s c l a i m e r S i t e m a p S e a r c h
The role of AGB stars in the evolution of globular clusters

Abstract The results from high-resolution spectroscopy and accurate photometry have challenged the traditional paradigm that stars in globular clusters (GC) are simple stellar populations, rather suggesting that these structures harbor distinct groups of stars, differing in the chemical composition, particularly in the abundances of the light elements, from helium to silicon. Because this behavior is not shared by field stars, it is generally believed that some self-enrichment mechanism must have acted in GC, such that new stellar generations formed from the ashes of stars belonging to the original population. In this review, after presenting the state-of-the-art of the observations of GC stars, we discuss the possibility that the pollution of the intra-cluster medium was provided by the winds of AGB stars of initial mass above ∼3 M⊙. These objects evolve with time scales of 40 − 100 Myr and contaminate their surroundings with gas processed by p-capture nucleosynthesis, in agreement with the chemical patterns traced by GC stars.
On the Advances of Plant Breeding

Plant breeding started with sedentary agriculture and particularly the domestication of the first agricultural plants, a practice which is estimated to date back 9,000 to 11,000 years. Initially early farmers simply selected food plants with particular desirable characteristics, and employed these as progenitors for subsequent generations, resulting in an accumulation of valuable traits over time.
Intraspecific differences in heavy metal accumulaton, distribution and uptake kinetics in the metallophyte, Deschampsia caespitosa

The objective of this research is the investigation of intraspecific differences in heavy metal accumulation and distribution in a higher plant species which is known to exhibit heavy metal tolerance. By studying isogenic lines of a higher plant species which differ only in their response to heavy metals, the fundamental nature of metal tolerance and ion transport in a biological system is elucidated. Two races of the grass, Deschampsia caespitosa were compared under a variety of metal-stress (Cu, Cd) conditions. One race, "Tailings", was collected on a metalliferous waste site. It exhibits heavy metal tolerance. The other race, "Agricultural", was grown from commercial seed and appeared to be heavy metal sensitive. Three experimental systems were used to compare races: (1) Sand-solution culture a defined sand-nutrient solutipn technique was used to determine the influence of (a) race, (b) organ, (c) ion, (d) time and, (e) metal loading rate on tissue metal concentration. (2) Liquid-batch culture was used to determine the accumulation and biochemical distribution of Cd109 in races of D. caespitosa as a function of time. (3) Macrophyte Reactor reactor engineering principles were used to develop a novel technique for measuring ion uptake kinetics of tissues of higher plants. Using a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) Cd uptake kinetics of the races were compared. These experiments lead to the conclusion that metal-tolerant "Tailings" plants accumulate less Cu or Cd than "Agricultural" plants. This difference is more significant with Cu than Cd. Acropetal (root to shoot) transport of Cu or Cd is much higher in "Agricultural" than "Tailings". Similar differences in Cd uptake kinetics (i.e., "Agricultural" greater than "Tailings") Were observed. Two hypotheses are posited to explain the phenomenon: "Dying Osmometer" theory Accumulation and distribution differences can be explained on the basis of the death of "Agricultural" root cells in heavy metal solutions. "Tailings" cells do not die under these conditions. "Altered Carrier" theory Racial differences in metal accumulation and distribution can be explained by the ion "carrier" model. Conformational alterations in specific ion "carrier" proteins in cell membranes result in ion uptake kinetic differences. Other biological mechanisms which may play a role in the observed intraspecific differences are discussed. INTRASPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION DISTRIBUTION AND UPTAKE KINETICS IN THE METALLOPHYTE, Deschampsia caespitosa
Stimulus-secretion coupling in chromaffin cells

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this stimulus secretion coupling in chromaffin cells, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
S-process Elements in Binary Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae

Abstract Low- and intermediate-mass stars experience a phase of carbon enrichment and slow neutron-capture nucleosynthesis (s-process) on the asymptotic giant branch. An interesting element is the radioactive technetium, whose presence is a clear indication that nucleosynthesis happened recently. Analysing the element abundances not only in the hot evolved stars at the center of planetary nebulae helps to derive constraints for the evolution of these stars. Doing so also in their companions if they are in a binary, provides information on the mass-transfer history.
Genetic methods for diverse prokaryotes

Preface. Essential Techniques for Genetic Analysis in Bacteria: J. Saunders and V.A. Saunders, Introduction of DNA into Bacteria. L. Radnedge and H. Richards, The Development of Plasmid Vectors. M.C. M. Smith and C.E. D. Ress, Exploitation of Bacteriophages and their Components. Paul Dyson, Isolation and Development of Transposons. Case Studies: T. Schwan, T. Rudel, T.F. Meyer, Genetic Methods in Neisseria. Genetic Methods in Clostridia. D.I. Young, V.J. Evans, J.R. Jeffries, K.C. B. Jennert, Z.E. V. Phillips, A. Ravagnani, and M. Young, Genetic Methods in Clostridia. P. Rosa, B. Stevenson, and K. Tilly, Genetic Methods in Borrelia and Other Spirochaetes. A. Salyers, N. Shoemaker, A. Cooper, J. D'Elia, and J. Shipman, Genetic Methods for Bacteroides Species. G.F. Hatfull, Genetic Methods in Mycobacteria. W.W. Metcalf, Genetic Analysis in the Domain Archaea. Genetic Approaches to Analyze Specific Complex Phenomena: E. Allan, S. Foynes, N. Dorrell, and B. Wren, Genetic Characterization of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter Pylori. N.R. Thomson, J.D. Thomas, and G.P. Salmond, Virulence Determinants in the Bacterial Phytopathogen Erwinia. M.D. Page and R.E. Sockett, Molecular Genetic Methods in Paracoccus and Rhodobacter with Reference to the Analysis of Photosynthesis and Respiration. D.H. Green and S. Cutting, Sporulation in Bacillus Subtilis. Subject Index.
The Evolutionary Origins of the Adaptive Immune System of Jawed Vertebrates

This chapter focuses on how the essential components of the adaptive immune system-Ab, TcR, and MHC molecules-arose and began to interact. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are loaded with their antigens by sophisticated pathways composed of various kinds of molecules, some of which are encoded by genes located in the MHC. In all jawed vertebrates examined thus far, the essential elements of the adaptive immune system are present. Despite years of functional experiments with invertebrates pointing to recognition of allo- and xenoantigens, none of the essential genetic components of the adaptive immune system in the jawed vertebrates were found in the first complete genomic sequences of invertebrates: an insect (the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster) and a nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans). Therefore, the notion that invertebrates lack an adaptive immune system was strengthened, and the question became how invertebrates managed to survive without a system that is essential to jawed vertebrates. A key concept that has relevance no matter what the defense system might be is that pathogens that overcome all of their hosts may face a bleak evolutionary future, and so, in general, the virulence of pathogens is constrained and guided by the particular defenses that their host(s) evolve. Although there is little scope to observe the evolution of the immune system through fossils, it seems likely that the adaptive immune system of the jawed vertebrates also evolved in steps, none of which are separated between those organisms still living.
Desarrollo de formulación para la elaboración de mermelada de fruto jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) con sustitución parcial de azúcar por edulcorantes

A partir de una formulacion base, se desarrollo una mermelada de jaca, fruta oriunda de India, y que ha sido cultivada en Ecuador, proporciona innumerables beneficios para la salud del consumidor. Para la elaboracion del producto, se utilizo un diseno experimental AxBxC, tres factores con dos niveles cada uno, donde: a0: pulpatado; a1: en trozos; b0: 100 por ciento azucar; b1: 50 por ciento azucar, 50 por ciento stevia; c0: relacion fruta: edulcorante (45:55); c1: relacion fruta: edulcorante (60:40). Las propiedades fisicoquimicas analizadas fueron: solidos solubles totales, pH, acidez y consistencia. El mejor tratamiento fue seleccionado de acuerdo a los datos obtenidos del analisis sensorial por test de preferencia con un diseno de bloques incompletos al azar. La mermelada resultante con mejores calificaciones corresponde a mermelada de presentacion pulpatada con una reduccion de 50 por ciento de azucar reemplazado por Stevia, en relacion fruta edulcorante 60:40 y presenta un tiempo estimado de vida util de seis meses para su consumo.
Expression and neural correlates of schizophrenia risk gene ZNF804A

Genome wide association studies have provided evidence for a significant association between ZNF804A (zinc finger protein 804A) - specifically the intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1344706 - and schizophrenia, but little is known about the function of the gene or the effects of the SNP. By studying post-mortem human brain tissue, I characterised ZNF804A immunoreactivity in adult and foetal human brain and investigated effects of diagnosis and rs1344706 genotype on ZNF804A mRNA and protein expression. Secondly, I looked in a large sample of healthy volunteers (n=922) at the effects of rs1344706 on brain structure using volumetry and voxel based morphometry (VBM). Furthermore, I recruited healthy volunteers who were either homozygous for the risk allele or homozygous for the non-risk allele (n=50). They participated in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance (MR) sessions in which brain activity was measured during a working memory task, a visual processing task, and rest. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, also neurotransmitter levels were assessed. The experiments conducted for this thesis showed for the first time that ZNF804A immunoreactivity can be detected in both foetal and adult human brain and that it is mainly localised to layer III pyramidal cells, with a granular subcellular distribution throughout the cytoplasm. No effect of rs1344706 on mRNA and protein expression was found. In our structural MRI study, rs1344706 did not affect macroscopic brain structure as measured by volumetry and VBM, and given the large sample size, this seems a convincing negative. However, we did find that rs1344706 alters prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity, with increased connectivity being observed in risk homozygotes. Additionally, using MEG, we found an effect of ZNF804A genotype on hippocampal connectivity in the theta band (4-8Hz), with non-risk homozygotes displaying more connectivity. This finding provides a first clue as to the mechanisms that might underlie the previously observed effects of rs1344706 on prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity. Future studies will need to elucidate the actual function of the ZNF804A protein, in order to bridge the gap between the molecular and neuroimaging findings described in this thesis.
An introduction to immunotoxicology

IMMUNOTOXIC EFFECTS AND THEIR CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES. Definition of Immunotoxicology 2. Overview of the Immune System. Immunosuppression and Immunodepression. Immunostimulation. Hypersensitivity. Autoimmunity. Major Immunotoxicants. IMMUNOTOXICITY EVALUATION. Guidelines. Histopathology. Assays of Humoral Immunity. Assays of Cell-Mediated Immunity. Assays of Non-Specific Defences. Host Resistance Assays. Strategies for the Evaluation of Immunosuppression. Identification of Chemical Sensitisers. Prediction of Autoimmunity. Trends and Perspectives in Immunotoxicology. Immunotoxicity Risk Assessment. New Methods in Immunotoxicology. Human Immunotoxicology. Immunotoxicology and Wildlife.
Les systèmes Xer à une seule recombinase

The chromosome dimers produced during the repair of circular chromosomes can be harmful to bacteria by blocking the segregation of the chromosome and cell division. To overcome this problem, bacteria use the Xer system for the monomerisation of chromosome dimers. It has two components, XerC and XerD, which act on the dif site and complete a recombination that will lead to the separation of the two copies of the DNA. The dif site is a DNA sequence where two imperfect inverted repeats separated by six base pairs allow the binding of each recombinase. This recombination is regulated by the protein FtsK, an essential member of the cell division machinery. The Xer system has been well studied in Escherichia coli and has also been characterized in a variety of species, for example Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, in certain species of Streptococcus, studies have identified only a single recombinase, XerS, which acts on an atypical site named difSL in order to monomerize dimeric chromosomes. Not long after, a second system using a single recombinase was identified in a group of proteobacteria. This recombinase was named XerH and the recombination site, difH, was found to more similar to difSL than to the classical dif sites. In this thesis, results from in vitro experiments on both systems are presented, as well as some results from in vivo experiments. We show that XerS is capable of binding cooperatively to difSL and that this binding is asymmetrical. This is because XerS is able to bind to the left half of the site but not to the right half when they are separated. The cleavage by XerS is also asymmetrical, as it is more efficient on
Pour une approche systémique des inégalités numériques parmi les jeunes en âge scolaire

Cet article vise a effectuer un examen critique des travaux empiriques portant sur les inegalites numeriques chez les apprenants au prisme d’un cadre conceptuel fonde sur une approche systemique des inegalites sociales. L’analyse revele l’apport incontestable de ces travaux empiriques au debat sur l’integration du numerique en education dans une perspective sociocritique. Pour autant, elle souligne la persistance de zones d’ombres relatives aux incidences des pratiques numeriques personnelles contrastees des apprenants sur leur parcours educatif. Le texte formule quelques pistes d’investigations empiriques en vue de combler les lacunes identifiees.
Topoisomerase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the leading cause deaths among women. Although there are many advanced treatments, some types of breast cancer are refractory to therapy. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy has been regarded as an effective way that can be used throughout the cancer treatment process, which including topoisomerase inhibitors such as doxorubicin. Topoisomerase enzymes play a specific role in changing of DNA topology, which are the premise of DNA replication, transcription and repair. Topoisomerase inhibition researches are increasing, because topoisomerase inhibitors have a good targeting effect on rapidly proliferating tumor cells, and are not depend on hormone receptors in breast cancer cells. Since the difference between catalytic inhibition and poisons, the mechanism of topoisomerase inhibitors are not unique, but the path of cell death after DNA damage is roughly the same. Recent years, intensive efforts were devoted to explore the mechanism on resistance to topoisomerase inhibitors. In order to reverse resistance, topoisomerase inhibitors can also exert anti-tumor effects in conjunction with other anti-cancer drugs, such as olaparib (PARP inhibitor). This review presents biology and molecular mechanics of the topoisomerase enzymes, and the effects of their inhibition in breast cancer, are discussed to explain and support the application of topoisomerase inhibitors in breast cancer.