Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The beneficial effect of Coenzyme Q in diabetic neuropathy: An overview

One of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus, which has a multifaceted pathogenesis, is neuropathy. The implication of various researchers points toward the oxidative stress occurring in the mitochondria, which plays a central role in the development of this complication. Coenzyme Q is an important factor contributing to mitochondrial bioenergetics. The hypothesis of Coenzyme Q in the management of diabetic neuropathy is reviewed in this article.
REMembering what you learned

Specific brain activity during REM sleep affects memory consolidation Which memories are retained, where, and in what form depends on a long afterlife of the acquired information in the brain. Initial steps of consolidation may be completed within a few hours during wakefulness, but other forms of postacquisition processing take longer, extending into sleep (1, 2). The relationship between brain activity during sleep and memory consolidation remains controversial and poorly understood. On page 812 of this issue, Boyce et al. (3) demonstrate that a distinct form of hippocampal neural activity, called theta oscillation, is critical for memory formation during the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep.
Genetic Effects on Sepsis and Pneumonia

The genetic risk for pneumonia, sepsis, and other serious infections is generally unrecognized or underestimated. Careful questioning of patients can detect a familial pattern of severe infection. Despite the strong evidence for a heritable risk of severe infection, the actual genetic factor(s) is not clear. The most likely genetic candidates are polymorphisms in components of the innate immune response. The best evidence to date is for polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor α, lymphotoxin α, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genes. Evidence for polymorphisms in other genes is reviewed. Presently, the clinical implication of this research is that patients with a strong family history of death from infection are candidates for immunization, even if they do not have other risk factors. However, these studies of genetic risk of infection have great promise for the future in understanding the pathogenesis of severe infections and in individualizing treatment.
An Analog On-Line Gain Calibration Loop for RF Amplifiers

This paper presents an analog on-line gain calibration loop for radio-frequency (RF) amplifiers. In the proposed calibration scheme, the gain of an RF amplifier is determined by programmable resistor ratios of two transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), while the corresponding control voltage is generated through a differential difference amplifier (DDA). Being the first work to propose a continuous-time gain calibration technique for RF amplifiers, the loop dynamics such as settling time, stability and control voltage ripples are analyzed by means of mathematical modeling of each circuit building block. As a result, a systematic design procedure is developed. In order to validate the concept, a 5.2-GHz variable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA) is integrated with the proposed analog gain calibration loop for demonstration. By using a standard 0.18- μm CMOS process, the fabricated circuit consumes a total dc power of 18.5 mW from a 1.8-V supply, while the measured maximum gain error is less than 1 dB.
Yob makes mosquitoes male

A gender-switch gene opens avenues to malaria control Most developmental processes show deep conservation across great phylogenetic distances. In contrast, the signal that triggers the primary genetic switch between the sexes has evolved with remarkable rapidity—entirely lacking the “respectable antiquity” (1) seen in other comparable systems. Coupled with the repeat-rich structure of Y chromosomes, this has made the identification of genetically dominant “M” male-determining factors especially challenging. On page 67 of this issue, Krzywinska et al. (2) compared gene transcript sequences from male and female embryos of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae and identified an early-expressed gene on the Y chromosome, designated Yob. Crucially, they show that it controls sex-specific splicing of dsx (double-sex), the conserved binary switch between male and female development (3), fulfilling the criteria for M. Yob partly overlaps, and probably is a better-annotated version of, a previously identified gene called YG2 (4), recently shown to be conserved across the An. gambiae species complex (5).
Barriers to Hospice Care for African Americans: Problems and Solutions

PURPOSE. To identify barriers to hospice care perceived by African Americans. SAMPLE. African‐American members (N = 30, 4 males, 19 females) of a metropolitan community in the Midwest. METHODS. Four focus groups were conducted, three with community members and one of hospice‐experienced members. Responses were content analyzed and coded into barriers. FINDINGS. Four barriers were identified: lack of knowledge, hospice perceived as giving up hope, dying at home, second‐class care. CONCLUSIONS Make hospice presentations to the African‐American community, recruit African‐American staff/volunteers, support patient decision to choose hospice, identify community resources. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE. Nurses may be the first to recommend hospice, address barriers frankly with patient/family, and identify resources to support home care.
Novel Boosted-Voltage Sensing Scheme for Variation-Resilient STT-MRAM Read

This paper proposes a novel boosted voltage sensing (BVS) scheme that substantially improves the resiliency of STT-MRAMs against variations in read accesses based on bitline voltage sensing, and on a wide range of voltages. The BVS scheme mitigates the impact of variations in the senseamp and the reference voltage generation, and is based on switched-capacitor voltage boosters. The related area-performance-energy-resiliency tradeoff is explored, and design guidelines are derived to improve the read margin at minimum overhead.
Depression and Anxiety in Climacteric Women: Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy

Abstract Objective: To better define the effect exerted by menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on depression and anxiety in women. Design: In a cross-sectional study, we tested anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and depression by the Self-Evaluation Depression Scale (Zung, Arch Gen Psychol 1965;12:63–70) on 1,031 women who came to our clinics, 275 of which were in perimenopause, 509 in postmenopause without treatment, and 247 in postmenopause on HRT. Results: Depression and anxiety scores were significantly lower (p Conclusions: The present data indicate that depression and anxiety states are worsened by postmenopausal sex steroid withdrawal and are improved by HRT. Progestins do not counteract the effect of estrogens on depression and anxiety.
Solving the quantum many-body problem with artificial neural networks

Machine learning and quantum physics Elucidating the behavior of quantum interacting systems of many particles remains one of the biggest challenges in physics. Traditional numerical methods often work well, but some of the most interesting problems leave them stumped. Carleo and Troyer harnessed the power of machine learning to develop a variational approach to the quantum many-body problem (see the Perspective by Hush). The method performed at least as well as state-of-the-art approaches, setting a benchmark for a prototypical two-dimensional problem. With further development, it may well prove a valuable piece in the quantum toolbox. Science, this issue p. 602; see also p. 580 A machine-learning approach sets a computational benchmark for a prototypical two-dimensional problem. The challenge posed by the many-body problem in quantum physics originates from the difficulty of describing the nontrivial correlations encoded in the exponential complexity of the many-body wave function. Here we demonstrate that systematic machine learning of the wave function can reduce this complexity to a tractable computational form for some notable cases of physical interest. We introduce a variational representation of quantum states based on artificial neural networks with a variable number of hidden neurons. A reinforcement-learning scheme we demonstrate is capable of both finding the ground state and describing the unitary time evolution of complex interacting quantum systems. Our approach achieves high accuracy in describing prototypical interacting spins models in one and two dimensions.
Anti-inflammatory effects of herbal medicines(Rubus coreanus, Rehmanniae Radix, Houttuynia cordata, Betulae cortex) EtOH extract on acute atopic dermatitis mice

Object : The object of this study was effected of composed of 4 herbal medicines(Rubus coreanus, Rehmanniae Radix, Houttuynia cordata, Betulae cortex) on acute atopic dermatitis mice. Methods : BALB/c mice were divided 4 groups ; normal group, negative control group of acute atopic dermatitis mice induced by DNCB, treated apply to the back skin with the herbal medicine group, and treated orally with herbal medicine group. Treated with herbal medicine and DNCB during 2 weeks. After treated, measured WBCs, RBCs, and platelet in the blood, and analysed mRNA expression of spleen. Result : Composed herbal medicines could reduce WBCs, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the mouse blood. And, could down TNF-α levels in spleen. In the skin tissue histology results, herbal medicines reduce the cells and T cells. Conclusion : Composed herbal medicines help to another inflammatory disease because they reduce the cells and T cells in the skin tissues. And they have inhibitory effects of TNF-α mRNA expression, and Th 2 immune responses. Therefore herbal medicines use for an acute atopic dermatitis treatment.
How neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar dementia are among the most pressing problems of developed societies with aging populations. Neurons carry out essential functions such as signal transmission and network integration in the central nervous system and are the main targets of neurodegenerative disease. In this Review, I address how the neuron’s environment also contributes to neurodegeneration. Maintaining an optimal milieu for neuronal function rests with supportive cells termed glia and the blood-brain barrier. Accumulating evidence suggests that neurodegeneration occurs in part because the environment is affected during disease in a cascade of processes collectively termed neuroinflammation. These observations indicate that therapies targeting glial cells might provide benefit for those afflicted by neurodegenerative disorders.
Risk of Asthma in Young Adults Who Were Born Preterm: A Swedish National Cohort Study

Background. Obesity and asthma prevalence have both risen among children over the last several decades, and research efforts increasingly suggest that obesity is associated with asthma. Some, but not all, studies have shown that the effect of obesity on asthma is stronger among nonatopic individuals than among those with atopy. Systemic inflammation may be a factor in this relationship. Objective. To examine the association of obesity with atopic and nonatopic asthma among U.S. children and to assess the role of C-reactive protein. Design. Nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to examine the relationship of weight to current asthma using logistic regression. Overweight was defined as ≥85th percentile of body mass index (BMI)-for-age and obesity was defined as ≥95th percentile of BMI-for-age. The presence of at least one positive allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was used to stratify the relationship by atopic status in 2005–2006 data (n = 3387). Setting and Participants. Stratified, multistage probability sampling was used to identify survey participants. This analysis includes children ages 2–19 (n = 16,074) from the 1999–2006 NHANES who have information on BMI and current asthma. Main Outcome Measure. Self-report of doctor-diagnosed current asthma. Results. Obesity was significantly related to current asthma among children and adolescents (odds ratio [OR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33, 2.12). The association was stronger in nonatopic children (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.02) than in atopic children (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.70, 2.57) (interaction p value = .09). C-reactive protein levels were associated with current asthma in nonatopic children, but not after adjusting for BMI. Conclusion. Excess weight in children is associated with higher rates of asthma, especially asthma that is not accompanied by allergic disease.
Modeling Valance Change Memristor Device: Oxide Thickness, Material Type, and Temperature Effects

This paper presents a physics-based mathematical model for anionic memristor devices. The model utilizes Poisson- Boltzmann equation to account for temperature effect on device potential at equilibrium and comprehends material effect on device behaviors. A detailed MATLAB based algorithm is developed to clarify and simplify the simulation environment. Moreover, the provided model is used to simulate and predict the effect of oxide thickness, material type, and operating temperatures on the electrical characteristics of the device. The parameters of the proposed model are tuned and validated using experimental data of a fabricated wire based NbO1-x junction. This device is attractive for neuromorphic and computing applications, where multilevel state is desirable. The value of this contribution is to provide a framework intended to simulate anionic memristor devices using correlated mathematical models. In addition, the model can be used to explore device materials and predict its performance.
Efficient Hardware Implementation of Probabilistic Gradient Descent Bit-Flipping

This paper deals with the hardware implementation of the recently introduced Probabilistic Gradient-Descent Bit-Flipping (PGDBF) decoder. The PGDBF is a new type of hard-decision decoder for Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code, with improved error correction performance thanks to the introduction of deliberate random perturbation in the computing units. In the PGDBF, the random perturbation operates during the bit-flipping step, with the objective to avoid the attraction of so-called trapping-sets of the LDPC code. In this paper, we propose an efficient hardware architecture which minimizes the resource overhead needed to implement the random perturbations of the PGDBF. Our architecture is based on the use of a Short Random Sequence (SRS) that is duplicated to fully apply the PGDBF decoding rules, and on an optimization of the maximum finder unit. The generation of good SRS is crucial to maintain the outstanding decoding performance of PGDBF, and we propose two different methods with equivalent hardware overheads, but with different behaviors on different LDPC codes. Our designs show that the improved PGDBF performance gains can be obtained with a very small additional complexity, therefore providing a competitive hard-decision LDPC decoding solution for current standards.
Attack on a DFA Protected AES by Simultaneous Laser Fault Injections

This paper demonstrates a Fault Attack on anAES core protected by an infection type countermeasure. The redundant AES is implemented on a Xilinx Spartan-6FPGA, with a feature size of 45 nm. By injecting exactlythe same fault in both state registers of the redundant implementation using lasers, we are able to annul the protection added by the countermeasure and thus perform a successful Differential Fault Analysis. This requires a high precision double laser setup in order to hit two different locations on the chip at the same point intime. With a priori knowledge about the location of bothstate registers, we were able to generate applicable faultyciphertexts within minutes. Our results show that forapplications demanding a high level of security, relyingon a duplication of hardware is not sufficient.
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia: Report of 2 Cases With Genetic Analysis

We report 2 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma mimicking desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) with genetic analysis occurring in a 74-year-old woman and a 76-year-old woman. In both cases, the tumor was mainly composed of discohesive tumor cells, which filled and floated in the alveolar space in a DIP-like pattern. The tumor cells had abnormally large round to oval nuclei with fine chromatin and relatively abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm lacking pigmentation. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in both cases were positive for CK7, TTF-1, napsin A, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and PD-L1 (one case had high expression and the other had low expression), and negative for CK5/6, CK20, p40, and ALK. However, the positive pattern of E-cadherin and β-catenin was incomplete on the circumference of the cell membrane in both cases and in one case, respectively. On genetic analysis, EGFR alteration (exon 21, L858R mutation) was observed in one case and ALK translocation was not observed in either. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary adenocarcinoma mimicking DIP with genetic analysis.
A 32 kb 0.35–1.2 V, 50 MHz–2.5 GHz Bit-Interleaved SRAM With 8 T SRAM Cell and Data Dependent Write Assist in 28-nm UTBB-FDSOI CMOS

An optimized co-design of SRAM cell, assist schemes, and layout is proposed to achieve wide voltage range operation of SRAM from 0.35–1.2 V at all process corners. A differential read asymmetric 8 T memory cell and a data dependent differential supply and body modulation write assist scheme are proposed. We also propose a layout that reduces metal capacitance of wordlines by 54% and also enables bit-interleaving. The proposed assist scheme can be combined with conventional assist schemes to further lower minimum write operational voltage of the SRAM by 70–130 mV at iso-performance without causing reliability concerns. A 32 kb instance is fabricated in 28-nm UTBB-FDSOI technology and efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated with lowest write voltage of 0.32 V. Multiple read assist schemes have been used to simultaneously lower read voltage to 0.35 V. 50 MHz operation is measured when integrated in a DSP processor at 0.358 V. Low voltage and wide voltage range figure of merits are also defined to benchmark the proposed solutions with other works.
Noise pollution is pervasive in U.S. protected areas

Human-produced noise infiltrates natural protected areas. Shhh, you're disturbing the ecosystem Species in nature reserves are experiencing increased pressure from human encroachment in many forms. One type of pressure that is rarely discussed but perennial is human-produced noise. Buxton et al. looked at the degree to which such noise has affected protected areas across the United States. Human-produced noise doubled background noise levels in a majority of protected areas and substantially affected critical habitat areas for endangered species. Science, this issue p. 531 Anthropogenic noise threatens ecological systems, including the cultural and biodiversity resources in protected areas. Using continental-scale sound models, we found that anthropogenic noise doubled background sound levels in 63% of U.S. protected area units and caused a 10-fold or greater increase in 21%, surpassing levels known to interfere with human visitor experience and disrupt wildlife behavior, fitness, and community composition. Elevated noise was also found in critical habitats of endangered species, with 14% experiencing a 10-fold increase in sound levels. However, protected areas with more stringent regulations had less anthropogenic noise. Our analysis indicates that noise pollution in protected areas is closely linked with transportation, development, and extractive land use, providing insight into where mitigation efforts can be most effective.
Global stability of a class of neural networks with time-varying delay

This paper presents a new sufficient condition for the uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point for a class of neural networks with time-varying delays. The result is obtained by the use of a more general type of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, establishing a relation between the network parameters of the neural system and time-varying delay parameter. The result is also shown to be a generalization of a previously published result.
Low-Power Small-Area Digital I/O Cell

A novel low-power and small-area digital I/O cell is proposed in this work. The new input/output (I/O) cell drastically reduces the I/O power consumption, which has been considered as the major power dissipation of the whole chip. The maximum operating clock is 500 MHz given a 10-pF offchip load. On top of the power saving feature, the proposed cell occupies merely 10535.2=4167.45 (transmitter)+6367.8 (receiver) /spl mu/m/sup 2/ which is far less than any prior commercially available I/O and low-voltage differential signaling I/O cells. Physical measurements of the proposed I/O cells show that the delays of the transmitter and the receiver are 1.1 and 1.8 ns, respectively. The largest power/bandwidth of the proposed design is 38.9 /spl mu/W/MHz when transmitting.
An ecosystem-based deep-ocean strategy

Monitoring and assessment must underpin development of a new international agreement Increasing exploration and industrial exploitation of the vast and fragile deep-ocean environment for a wide range of resources (e.g., oil, gas, fisheries, new molecules, and soon, minerals) raises global concerns about potential ecological impacts (1–3). Multiple impacts on deep-sea ecosystems (>200 m below sea level; ∼65% of the Earth's surface is covered by deep ocean) caused by human activities may act synergistically and span extensive areas. Cumulative impacts could eventually cause regime shifts and alter deep-ocean life-support services, such as the biological pump or nutrient recycling (2, 4, 5). Although international law and national legislation largely ignore the deep sea's critical role in the functioning and buffering of planetary systems, there are promising developments in support of deep-sea protection at the United Nations and the International Seabed Authority (ISA). We propose a strategy that builds from existing infrastructures to address research and monitoring needs to inform governments and regulators.