Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Furosemide and Ethacrynic Acid: Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities and Metabolic Alkalosis in Newborns and Infants

About 25% of the neonates admitted in a newborn intensive care unit receive loop diuretics for various conditions such as congestive heart failure, fluid overload, respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1). Early detection and prevention of secondary electrolyte imbalance is of major importance in the clinical outcome (2-4). The aim of this study was to determine: 1) the incidence of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities in newborns and infants receiving furosemide and ethacrynic acid treatment, and 2) the risk factors influencing the occurrence of these abnormalities.
Treatment of Early Postoperative Infections After THA: A Decision Analysis

To the EditorWe read with interest the article by Bedair et al.,‘‘Treatment of Early Postoperative Infections after THA: ADecision Analysis’’, featuring the authors’ decision treeand analysis model addressing the treatment of patientspresenting with postoperative infections during the ﬁrst3 weeks after cementless primary THA [1]. This model estimates the rate of infection control andquality-of-life values after a speciﬁc treatment in terms ofpossible outcomes for each treatment. The study comparedthe results of one-stage and two-stage exchanges, takinginto consideration the variety of published data on infectioncontrol for individual treatments [1]. Control of prostheticjoint infections (PJI) is the major criterion for a patient-oriented decision model. The studies analyzed for thisdecision model do not consider the related risk factors. Theauthors’ work is ‘‘based on the best literature currentlyavailable,’’ but the authors overlooked studies that use astaging system such as that of McPherson et al. [3]orofDe Man et al. [2]. These studies allow comparison of dataof patients with prosthetic joint infections for individualreinfection risk, taking age, comorbidities, and other fac-tors into consideration.In addition, the authors state that ‘‘speciﬁcally, we couldidentify no references in the peer-reviewed literature toestimate the probability of success with a single-stageexchange for acute postoperative infection’’ [1]. Success ofsingle-stage procedures obviously is related to the presenceof risk factors. Again, De Man et al. [2] and McPherson et al.[3] took risk factors into consideration in their treatment ordescribedriskfactor-relatedoutcomesofsingle-stage versustwo-stage procedures. A decision for the surgical procedurein terms of PJI should be based on a standardized analysismodel of the patient’s individual reinfection risk, includingthepatient’ssystemicandlocalfactorsandtheinfectiontype[3]. The quality of life value undoubtedly varies inverselywiththeextentofsurgicaltrauma.Nevertheless,theultimatefactor will always be control of an existing PJI.To determine the best treatment algorithm for patientswith PJI, multicenter analyses in a prospective settingshould use a staging system for PJI to allow comparison ofdifferent surgical procedures.References
Hand Gesture Recognition Using Leap Motion Controller for Recognition of Arabic Sign Language

Introduction of novel acquisition devices, such as Leap Motion Controller (LMC) and the Microsoft Kinect system, allows to give a precise informative description of the hand pose, which can be exploited for accurate gesture recognition, namely hand gesture recognition of sign language. In this paper, we propose a novel method of pattern recognition to recognize symbols of the Arabic Sign Language (ArSL). Our proposal is based on the sparse data provided by the LMC sensor. The scheme extracts meaningful characteristics from the data, such as angles between fingers, to achieve a high-accuracy, which uses a classifier to decide which gesture is being performed. We show that our approach allows to recognize 28 static hand gestures of ArSL for letter "alif"-"yah" and digits 0-9 successfully. An experiment study of our approach is addressed and we show that recognition rate could be improved. Keywords— Hand Gesture Recognition, Leap Motion Controller, SVM, Arabic Sign Language.
Evidence that luminal ER proteins are sorted from secreted proteins in a post‐ER compartment.

Several soluble proteins that reside in the lumen of the ER contain a specific C‐terminal sequence (KDEL) which prevents their secretion. This sequence may be recognized by a receptor that either immobilizes the proteins in the ER, or sorts them from other proteins at a later point in the secretory pathway and returns them to their normal location. To distinguish these possibilities, I have attached an ER retention signal to the lysosomal protein cathepsin D. The oligosaccharide side chains of this protein are normally modified sequentially by two enzymes to form mannose‐6‐phosphate residues; these enzymes do not act in the ER, but are thought to be located in separate compartments within (or near) the Golgi apparatus. Cathepsin D bearing the ER signal accumulates within the ER, but continues to be modified by the first of the mannose‐6‐phosphate forming enzymes. Modification is strongly temperature‐dependent, which is also a feature of ER‐to‐Golgi transport. These results support the idea that luminal ER proteins are continuously retrieved from a post‐ER compartment, and that this compartment contains N‐acetylglucosaminyl‐1‐phosphotransferase activity.
Progression and Regression of Diabetic Retinopathy

certain families. This type of mechanism probably accounts for a large part, but not all, of the increased risk of having a second mongol child which young mothers of mongols appear to run. Carter & Evans (1961) put this increased risk to mothers who have their first mongol child before -the age of 25 years as 30to 60-fold. Chromosomal mosaicism suggests another cause of familial mongolism. 'The possibility exists that some 'normal' people, perhaps with abortive signs of mongolism, have a proportion of trisomic cells. Should'the gonads be involved in this mosaicism, or be entirely of the trisomic type it may be expected that the extra chromosome would be passed to a proportion of the gametes. This is then potentially a second cause of familial mongolism. A further probable cause of a high incidence of mongolism in certain families is a predisposition, which may be inherited, to misdivision of the type leading to trisomy. This may occur either during gametogenesis or during embryogenesis.
Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder following physical trauma: an examination of the stressor criterion

SYNOPSIS A prospective study documenting psychopathology was undertaken in 48 subjects exposed to a range of physical trauma, but whose injuries were of similar severity. No support was found for the DSM-III-R view correlating the severity of the stressor with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Distress post injury (high scores on the impact of event scale), indicative of difficulty with cognitive assimilation of the traumatic event, was found to be highly predictive of psychiatric morbidity and PTSD at 6 months.
[Does non-standard work affect health?].

OBJECTIVES Job insecurity, such as non-standard work, is reported to have an adverse impact on health, regardless of health behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between non-standard employment and health in Korea. METHODS We analyzed a representative weighted sample, which consisted of 2,112 men and 1,237 women, aged 15-64, from the 1998 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Non-standard employment included part-time permanent, short time temporary and daily workers. Self-reported health was used as a health indicator. RESULTS This study indicated that women were more likely to report poorer health than men with standard jobs. Of all employees, 20.3% were female manual workers. After adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, education, equivalent income, marital, social and self-reported economic status and health behavior factors, nonstandard employment was found to be significantly associated with poor health among female manual workers (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.79). No significant association was found in other working groups CONCLUSIONS Among female manual workers, nonstandard employees reported significantly poorer health compared with standard workers. This result raises concern as there are increasing numbers of non-standard workers, particularly females.
Collaborative analysis of alpha-synuclein gene promoter variability and Parkinson disease.

CONTEXT Identification and replication of susceptibility genes for Parkinson disease at the population level have been hampered by small studies with potential biases. Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) has been one of the most promising susceptibility genes, but large-scale studies have been lacking. OBJECTIVE To determine whether allele-length variability in the dinucleotide repeat sequence (REP1) of the SNCA gene promoter is associated with Parkinson disease susceptibility, whether SNCA promoter haplotypes are associated with Parkinson disease, and whether REP1 variability modifies age at onset. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a collaborative analysis of individual-level data on SNCA REP1 and flanking markers in patients with Parkinson disease and controls. Study site recruitment, data collection, and analyses were performed between April 5, 2004, and December 31, 2005. Eighteen participating sites of a global genetics consortium provided clinical data. Genotyping was performed for SNCA REP1, -770, and -116 markers at individual sites; however, each site also provided 20 DNA samples for regenotyping centrally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures included estimations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls; a test of heterogeneity; analyses for association of single variants or haplotypes; and survival analyses for age at onset. RESULTS Of the 18 sites, 11 met stringent criteria for concordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and low genotyping error rate. These 11 sites provided complete data for 2692 cases and 2652 controls. There was no heterogeneity across studies (P>.60). The SNCA REP1 alleles differed in frequency for cases and controls (P<.001). Genotypes defined by the 263 base-pair allele were associated with Parkinson disease (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.69; P<.001 for trend). Multilocus haplotypes differed in frequency for cases and controls (global score statistic, P<.001). Two-loci haplotypes were associated with Parkinson disease only when they included REP1 as one of the loci. However, genotypes defined by REP1 alleles did not modify age at onset (P = .55). CONCLUSION This large-scale collaborative analysis demonstrates that SNCA REP1 allele-length variability is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson disease.
La lutte chimique raisonnée contre la maladie des raies noires des bananiers au Cameroun : évolution de la résistance aux fongicides

La maladie des raies noires (MRN) est une des principales contraintes parasitaires des plantations agro-industrielles de bananes desserts dans le monde. Cette maladie foliaire est provoquee par un champignon ascomycete Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. En absence de cultivars resistants les pertes dues a ce champignon peuvent varier de 10 a 100% en plantation industrielle. Au Cameroun, a la fin des annees 80, une methode d'avertissement biologique s'appuyant sur l'utilisation en alternance de fongicides systemiques a permis un bon controle de la MRN, avec 12-14 applications par an. Des 1996, diverses contraintes ont entraine l'utilisation abusive de ces fongicides, provoquant ainsi le developpement de phenomenes de resistances. Cette situation a entraine l'augmentation rapide du nombre de traitements. Ainsi, en 2005, 40 a 50 traitements ont ete effectues sur la plupart des plantations avec des fongicides de contact dont l'utilisation massive peut avoir des consequences negatives sur l'environnement et la sante. De nouvelles strategies de traitements doivent etre aujourd'hui redefinies pour gerer le developpement spatial et temporel de la resistance aux fongicides systemiques. (Resume d'auteur)
Sky-Hook Suspension control of a quadruped walking vehicle

This paper discusses foot force control of a quadruped walking vehicle on rough terrain. The proposed control algorithm has two parts. One is a feedforward control to produce a smooth touch-down and lift-up motion of the leg. The other part is a feedback control to maintain the body's posture under the conditions of some disturbances. A command force of the feedforward control is calculated beforehand from the data of the body's position, its acceleration and leg positions. The force increases smoothly from zero after touch-down on the ground, and it decreases smoothly to zero before lift-up. On the other hand, a command force of the feedback control is calculated from the data of the body's posture measured by gyroscopes. The effect of the feedback control is as if the body is suspended to an absolute frame by springs and dampers. Therefore, it is called 'Sky-Hook Suspension'. By this control-algorithm the experimental vehicle TITAN VI is able to walk smoothly on a rough terrain. <<ETX>>
Mysterious Influential Users in Political Communication on Twitter: Users’ Occupation Information and Its Impact on Retweetability

This study attempts to examine the effect of user’s self-disclosed identification to measure his influence and activity on Twitter. By looking at the most frequently shared top 1076 tweets written by 250 users during the 2012 presidential election campaign South Korea, we particularly examine the relation between user’s occupation information and the measures of his ‘influence’: the number of followers and number of retweets by others. Influential users in South Korean political communication network on Twitter are classified as one group with self-disclosed occupation information and the other group without that information. User’s occupation information clearly shows the impact on the number of followers for both groups. On the other hand, user group without self-disclosed occupation information has a higher level of producing influential political tweets and wide retweetability over the other group, regardless the small number of followers. It suggests that further study needs to identify other variables that may influence particular user or tweet’s retweetability as an indicator of influence.
Variants in the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA7), apolipoprotein E ϵ4,and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease in African Americans.

IMPORTANCE Genetic variants associated with susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer disease are known for individuals of European ancestry, but whether the same or different variants account for the genetic risk of Alzheimer disease in African American individuals is unknown. Identification of disease-associated variants helps identify targets for genetic testing, prevention, and treatment. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic loci associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease in African Americans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) assembled multiple data sets representing a total of 5896 African Americans (1968 case participants, 3928 control participants) 60 years or older that were collected between 1989 and 2011 at multiple sites. The association of Alzheimer disease with genotyped and imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was assessed in case-control and in family-based data sets. Results from individual data sets were combined to perform an inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis, first with genome-wide analyses and subsequently with gene-based tests for previously reported loci. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Presence of Alzheimer disease according to standardized criteria. RESULTS Genome-wide significance in fully adjusted models (sex, age, APOE genotype, population stratification) was observed for a SNP in ABCA7 (rs115550680, allele = G; frequency, 0.09 cases and 0.06 controls; odds ratio [OR], 1.79 [95% CI, 1.47-2.12]; P = 2.2 × 10(-9)), which is in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs previously associated with Alzheimer disease in Europeans (0.8 < D' < 0.9). The effect size for the SNP in ABCA7 was comparable with that of the APOE ϵ4-determining SNP rs429358 (allele = C; frequency, 0.30 cases and 0.18 controls; OR, 2.31 [95% CI, 2.19-2.42]; P = 5.5 × 10(-47)). Several loci previously associated with Alzheimer disease but not reaching significance in genome-wide analyses were replicated in gene-based analyses accounting for linkage disequilibrium between markers and correcting for number of tests performed per gene (CR1, BIN1, EPHA1, CD33; 0.0005 < empirical P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this meta-analysis of data from African American participants, Alzheimer disease was significantly associated with variants in ABCA7 and with other genes that have been associated with Alzheimer disease in individuals of European ancestry. Replication and functional validation of this finding is needed before this information is used in clinical settings.
Aspects algorithmiques de la comparaison d'éléments biologiques. (Algorithmics aspects of biological entities comparison)

Pour mieux saisir les liens complexes entre genotype et phenotype, une methode utilisee consiste a etudier les relations entre differents elements biologiques (entre les proteines, entre les metabolites.). Celles-ci forment ce qui est appele un reseau biologique, que l'on represente algorithmiquement par un graphe. Nous nous interessons principalement dans cette these au probleme de la recherche d'un motif (multi-ensemble de couleurs) dans un graphe colore, representant un reseau biologique. De tels motifs correspondent generalement a un ensemble d'elements conserves au cours de l'evolution et participant a une meme fonction biologique. Nous continuons l'etude algorithmique de ce probleme et de ses variantes (qui admettent plus de souplesse biologique), en distinguant les instances difficiles algorithmiquement et en etudiant differentes possibilites pour contourner cette difficulte (complexite parametree, reduction d'instance, approximation.). Nous proposons egalement un greffon integre au logiciel Cytoscape pour resoudre efficacement ce probleme, que nous testons sur des donnees reelles.Nous nous interessons egalement a differents problemes de genomique comparative. La demarche scientifique adoptee reste la meme: depuis une formalisation d'un probleme biologique, determiner ses instances difficiles algorithmiquement et proposer des solutions pour contourner cette difficulte (ou prouver que de telles solutions sont impossibles a trouver sous des hypotheses fortes)
Using near field communication technology to achieve near-zero-configuration of sensors

Numerous companies and educational institutions have begun research into pervasive healthcare systems to address the growing need for caretaking and out-of-hospital monitoring. These systems allow for automatic and distributed monitoring of patients, but inherently require installation and maintenance configuration of the sensor network and communication platform. To avoid burdening caretaking staff and relatives with installing and configuring system software and hardware, a research project at the Engineering College of Aarhus, Pervasive Healthcare lab, has been trying to achieve a zero-configuration solution, removing most handling while at the users home. Achieving a true zero-configuration strategy has proven hard to implement especially with regards to the coupling of the individual wireless sensors to a specific patient. This paper describes a prototype solution designed to overcome these problems using near field communication technology, which appears to be a promising solution.
Merging of Phonological and Gestural Circuits in Early Language Evolution

In the monkey, cortical auditory projections subdivide into a dorsal stream mostly involved in spatiotemporal processing, that projects mainly to dorsal frontal areas; and a ventral stream involved in stimulus identification, connected to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). We propose that in the human lineage, part of the dorsal auditory pathway has specialized in vocalization processing, enhancing vocal repetition and short-term memory capacities that are crucial for linguistic development. In the human, the vocalization-related dorsal auditory component tends to converge in the VLPFC with the ventral auditory stream and with projections involved in gestural control; and consists of a direct connection between the auditory cortex and the VLPFC via the arcuate fasciculus, and an indirect pathway via the supramarginal gyrus. Additionally, intraparietal and inferior parietal afferents to the VLPFC are associated with communicative hand gestures, with manipulation skills and with early tool-making. Although in general terms compatible with the mirror-neuron gestural hypothesis for language origins, this proposal underlines the participation of the dorsal auditory pathway in voice processing as a key event that marked the beginning of human phonology and the subsequent evolution of language. Instead, the mirror neuron system for gestures and the primitive vocalization network (ventral pathway) contributed to provide a communicative scaffolding that facilitated the emergence of human-like phonology. Furthermore, we emphasize the phylogenetic continuity (homology) between non-human and human vocalization and their neural substrates, something that is not usually stressed in the mirror neuron perspective.
Lower dolutegravir plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients receiving valproic acid

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Sampling Theory for not Necessarily Band-Limited Functions: A Historical Overview

Shannon’s sampling theorem is one of the most powerful results in signal analysis. The aim of this overview is to show that one of its roots is a basic paper of de la Vallee Poussin of 1908. The historical development of sampling theory from 1908 to the present, especially the matter dealing with not necessarily band-limited functions (which includes the duration-limited case actually studied in 1908), is sketched. Emphasis is put on the study of error estimates, as well as on the delicate point-wise behavior of sampling sums at discontinuity points of the signal to be reconstructed.