Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The distribution of eggs laid by the pine beauty moth Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiff.) (Lep., Noctuidae) on lodgepole pine

The distribution of eggs laid by the pine beauty moth on lodgepole pine was investigated on 177 trees at two sites in northern Scotland in 1985–86. The average total number of eggs per tree was 1845. The average number of eggs per whorl rose from 15.8 on the leading shoot to 214.6 on the fifth whorl, then dropped gradually to 56.4 on the fifteenth whorl. The proportion of eggs laid on each whorl was independent of the total number of eggs laid on the tree, and the number of eggs laid per length of needle‐bearing branch was greatest on the branches of the first three whorls.
Coastal Management Using Public Judgments, Importance Scales, and Predetermined Schedule

A predetermined schedule of sanctions and regulations that reflect both scientific knowledge of resources and the preference and judgments of resource users in the community may provide a useful guide for management decisions involving complex coastal resource systems. Such a schedule can be implemented by constructing scales reflecting public judgments of the relative importance of adverse impacts on resources, or of activities causing such impacts. The importance scales can then be used to assess existing regulations and current management priorities and to serve as a guide for revisions and changes to current practice, for the design of new policy, for rationalizing regulatory controls, and for determining damage awards and other deterrence sanctions. The resulting evolution of a schedule can improve the consistency of resource use with community preferences by, for example, prescribing more severe restrictions on what are widely agreed to be more serious harms and lesser controls on less important ones. The application of this approach is demonstrated using Ban Don Bay, Thailand.
Cloning and Sequence of a cDNA for Troponin-T of Ezo-Giant Scallop Striated Muscle

A cDNA clone encoding troponin-T of ezo-giant scallop Patinopecten yessoensis striated adductor muscle has been isolated and sequenced. The cDNA is composed of 1,939 by with a translational region of 975 by at the nucleotide positions 111-1,085. It deduced 325 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 38,438. Ezo-giant scallop troponin-T showed high homology with akazara scallop troponin-T (92%). However, it possesses 11 amino acid residues more than akazara scallop troponin-T and substi tutions of 26 residues. According to sequence comparison with rabbit troponin-T, the residues 39-126 and 180-233 of ezo-giant scallop troponin-T appears to be tropomyosin-interacting regions and the residues 206-210 to be troponin-I-interacting region. Moreover, ezo-giant scallop troponin-T was as sumed to have close phylogenetic relations to troponin-Ts of akazara scallop, nematode Caenorhabdi tis elegans, and fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
Conserving biodiversity of soybean gene pool in the biotechnology era

Cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L) Merrill, is a world's important food crop domesticated about 4000 years ago in China. It is a member of the genus Glycine in the legume family (Fabaceae). The genus Glycine includes about 20 annual and perennial species distributed primarily in Australia and Asia. The annual wild soybean, Glycine soja, is considered as the immediate ancestor of the cultivated soybean, with its diversification center in China, Korea, Japan and the Far East region of Russia. The weedy form, G. gracilis, is the interspecific hybrid and offspring between G. max and G. soja, indicating the close genetic relationships of the three species. The fast development of transgenic biotechnology and the extensive release of genetically modified (GM) soybean varieties into environment have caused a great biosafety concern of transgene escape and its ecologic consequences, particularly its impact on the origin and diversity center of the cultivated and wild soybeans. Therefore, safeguarding and maintenance of the world's heritage of soybean biodiversity under the circumstances of commercial production of GM soybeans has become a very important issue. This paper presents a general knowledge of the origin and diversification, taxonomic background and geographic distribution of soybeans, as well as the biosystematic and evolutionary relationships of species in the Glycine genus, in addition to the possible gene flow between the cultivated soybean and its closest wild relatives (G. soja and G. gracilis). It also considers how to conserve soybean biodiversity in its origin and diversity centers when GM soybean varieties are released into these areas.
The effect of heather fragmentation and mixed grazing on the diet of sheep Ovis aries and red deer Cervus elaphus

The effects of vegetation fragmentation and mixed grazing (ie mono- or multi-species animal group) on the diet composition of sheep and red deer grazing mosaics of grassland and heather moorland was studied, using faecal cuticle analysis, in two experimental sites in Scotland during the summer of 1992 and 1993. On Site A, the influence of grassland fragmentation on diet composition was estimated for sheep and deer grazing together in plots where the grassland (20% of the area) was artificially distributed as one large, four medium or twelve small patches within a homogeneous moorland matrix (80% of the area). On Site B, differences in diet composition between animals grazing within mono-species (sheep or deer) and multi-species groups (sheep and deer together) were examined for each animal species. In this site all plots used contained a similar natural mosaic pattern of grass and heather (ie similar mixtures of patch sizes, with about 20% grass and 80% heather cover). On Site A, the proportions of grass in the diet of sheep (73%) and deer (27%) were found to be similar across all levels of grass fragmentation. A significant interaction was found between the pattern of fragmentation and the three periods in which the experiment was carried out. On Site B in 1992, sheep had more grass in their diet than did deer (52% vs 46%), and the diets of both sheep and deer responded in the same fashion when the species were grazing in mono- or multi-species groups. The consumption of grass decreased in both species throughout the period studied, Deer showed no change in the proportion of grass in their diet in the presence or absence of sheep in 1992 (deer 48% vs sheep 50%). But on Site B in 1993, the diet of sheep contained a significantly higher proportion of grasses when they were grazing with red deer (52%) than when they were grazing alone (38%). These results suggest that on grassland/heather moorland mosaics sheep may suffer intraspecies competition to a greater extent than do red deer, particularly where grass is in relatively low supply.
Parâmetros fisiológicos de bovinos cruzados submetidos ao estresse calórico

The thermoregulation physiological responses in thermoneutrality and heat stress of crossbred calves (½Gir x ½Holstein), males and females, with age between 14 and 20 months were studied. The animals were submitted to thermoneutrality (22°C and 70% of relative humidity) and to heat stress (42oC and 60% of relative humidity) in summer and winter season's in bioclimatic chamber. Rectal temperature (TR), respiratory rate (FR) and body surface temperature (BST) were registered at 6 AM and 4 PM. It was observed increase in TR, FR and BST in the heat stress period (P 0.05) was observed for BST.
Abstract B192: Preclinical characterization of BMS‐833923 (XL139), a hedgehog (HH) pathway inhibitor in early clinical development

Background: Aberrant HH pathway signaling has been implicated in human malignancies ranging from semi‐malignant tumors of the skin to highly aggressive cancers of the brain, lung, pancreas, breast, prostate, and lymphohematopoietic lineages. Dysregulation of this pathway contributes to uncontrolled proliferation, invasion, metastasis, evasion of apoptosis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Results: BMS‐833923 is a potent inhibitor of SMO, a GPCR‐like 7‐transmembrane receptor that is a critical regulator of the HH pathway. In vitro, BMS‐833923 inhibits the expression of downstream effectors in the HH pathway (GLI1 and PTCH1) in cell lines that express wild‐type SMO and those which express activated mutant forms of SMO (IC 50 values of 6–35 nM). In FACS‐based binding assays, BMS‐833923 inhibits BODIPY cyclopamine binding to SMO in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC50 of 21 nM. Prior work has demonstrated that HH pathway blockade inhibits the in vitro clonal expansion of multiple myeloma (MM) precursor cells in both established cell lines and in clinical samples from patients with MM (Peacock et al 2007, PNAS 104:4048). Consistent with these observations, BMS‐833923 inhibited the in vitro growth of MM clones and proportion of ALDH+ cancer stem cells derived from bone marrow samples from subjects with MM. Furthermore, BMS‐833923 inhibited the clonogenic growth of multiple tumor cell lines derived from patients with hematological malignancies including CML, ALL and AML, suggesting that targeting the HH pathway may have broad therapeutic utility for patients with hematologic malignancies. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies show that BMS‐833923 robustly inhibits HH pathway activity with a long duration of action after a single oral dose in medulloblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma xenograft models. The pharmacodynamic effects of BMS‐833923 observed in these models translate into tumor growth inhibition at well‐tolerated doses. These results are consistent with pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated in nonclinical studies. Conclusions: BMS‐833923 is an orally bioavailable, potent and selective inhibitor of the HH pathway as measured by in vitro cell‐based assays and in vivo pharmacodynamic and efficacy models, supporting the clinical development of BMS‐833923 in both hematological and non‐hematological malignancies. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B192.
Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Composition of Apple Peel, Core and Flesh Extracts on Selected Apple Cultivars

Phenolic antioxidants have multiple benefits to human health. Polyphenols are responsible for the antioxidant activity in apples. Antioxidant activities were assessed using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-dipheny l-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays in different cultivars and different parts of apples grown in China. The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities differed significantly among the four apple cultivars. Guoguang had the highest phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity and Golden Delicious had the lowest. The peels had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents followed by the cores and flesh. Anthocyanins were detected only in red apple peels. Peel and core had greater antioxidant activities than apple flesh. FRAP values were inversely correlated with phenolic contents, whereas no clear relationship could be observed between DPPH values and phenolic contents. The higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of apple peels and cores than flesh may be of technological interest as a valuable source of antioxidants.
Mother-Infant Research Informs Mother-Infant Treatment*

A brief mother–infant treatment approach using “video feedback” is described. This approach is informed both by psychoanalysis and by research on mother–infant face-to-face interaction using video microanalysis. Two cases are presented. In the first, descriptions of the videotaped interactions which informed the interventions are presented. In the second, knowledge of mother–infant microanalysis research informed the treatment, even though videotaping was not an option. The respective “stories” of the presenting complaints, the video interaction, and the parent’s own upbringing are linked. Specific representations of the baby that may interfere with the parent’s ability to observe and process her nonverbal interaction with her infant are identified. The mother has a powerful experience during the video feedback of watching herself and her baby interact. Our attempts together to translate the action-sequences into words facilitates the mother’s ability to “see” and to “remember,” fostering a rapid integration of implicit and explicit modes of processing.
Yeast extract and prebiotic in pre-initial phase diet for broiler chickens raised under different temperatures

The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens raised under different temperatures that received feed with or without yeast extract and prebiotic in the pre-initial phase. One thousand four hundred and forty one-day old male chicks were used, raised in different climate chambers. Feed with or without the addition of yeast extract and prebiotic was offered only in the pre-initial phase (1 to 7 days). From the eighth day on, every chick received the same feed, readjusted according to usual recommendations. A randomized complete experimental design was used in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three environmental temperatures (hot, comfort and cold) and two levels of yeast extract (with or without) and prebiotic (with or without). The performance of the birds was evaluated considering weight gain, feed intake, food conversion and viability at 42 days of age. Carcass yield and intestinal morphometry were also evaluated. Environmental heat impaired performance and carcass yield. Prebiotic inclusion in the pre-initial feed increased weight gain and enhanced food conversion of birds raised under hot conditions. The inclusion of products in the feed of broiler chickens raised in hot and cold environments has beneficial effects on chicken intestinal villi.
CLINICAL COMMENTS

These can take the form of case studies or brief reports of research. The purpose of all clinical comments is to illustrate something concisely. There must be a clear focus on a central theme. Clinical comments should be under four (double spaced) pages, and minimize tables and references. The title should appear on top. At the end of the text, include name(s) of author(s), highest earned degree(s), and institutional affiliation (or city if in private practice). Please submit four copies with a self-addressed, stamped envelope. TLB
Seasonal forecast of tropical climate with coupled ocean’atmosphere general circulation models: on the respective role of the atmosphere and the ocean components in the drift of the surface temperature error

Seasonal forecasting based on coupled general circulation models suffers from important errors. In order to provide insight into the causes of these errors in relation to ocean and atmosphere models, we carried out a comparison using a set of 10-yr ensemble hindcasts of four coupled climate models of the DEMETER project. The four models are based on two different atmosphere models and three different ocean models. This allows us to analyse the relative weight of the ocean and atmosphere components in the error of a coupled model. Using the hindcast climatologies over the years 1991 to 2000, we looked specifically at the sea surface and soil level temperature over the tropics with respect to the hindcast start date. Our results indicate that the monthly evolution of large mean deviations from the observations (> ±1 °C after 6 months) can be decomposed into two terms. One is the first month error, which results from the errors in the initial conditions plus the error introduced by the first month of coupling. It corresponds to the slowly varying component of the error, comparable to an initial shift that persists during the entire coupled experiment. The other term is the remaining time-evolving error, which is fast varying. We show that whereas the slowly varying term is strongly dependent upon the ocean and atmosphere component chosen for the coupling, the atmosphere generally controls the rapidly varying term to first order. The partition appears to be more balanced over some fractions of the Pacific warm pool and the east-equatorial coastal upwelling at certain seasons. These results, specific to seasonal forecasting and probably model dependent, can hardly be interpreted in terms of coupling mechanisms. The weak sensitivity of the mean error to the ocean component could in particular be related to the current limitations of state-of-the-art climate models.
Reproductive Strategies: Food Availability as a Source of Proximal Variation in a Lizard

Reduced food availability in 1974 significantly altered the reproductive characteristics of a population of Urosaurus near Animas, Hidalgo County, New Mexico compared to 1973. Relative food availability, which was monitored using sticky traps, was attributed to reduced precipitation levels. Fat storage prior to reproduction was greatly reduced in 1974. As a result, size of the first clutch was reduced from 10.9 (1973) to 6.8 eggs, and clutch frequency was reduced from two clutches by most females (90%) in 1973 to only one clutch in 1974 (8.7% produced two). The reproductive strategy in this population of Urosaurus compared to that previously presented for a Texas population differs primarily by a restriction of the reproductive season and reduced clutch frequency but an increase in clutch size. The limited reproduction in a low resource year may represent an adaptation to reduce risk and effort when current reproduction is less profitable than survivorship and future reproduction See full-text article at .
Indices of Membrane Alterations in β-Thalassemic Erythrocytes

Analytical protocols for the study of thalassemic erythrocyte membrane alterations are described. Denatured hemoglobin derivatives and aggregated band 3 are separated from detergent membrane extracts by gel-filtration as high-molecular-weight aggregates and quantitated spectrophotometrically. Membrane-bound, low-molecular-weight iron is measured on SDS-solubilized ghosts by a ferrozine-based colorimetric test. We adapted these methods for micro-scale preparation and analysis of erythrocyte ghosts in order to have suitable tools to estimate oxidative membrane damage in human samples. Data from 11 β-thalassemia intermedia patients and from 10 normal controls are reported as an example of the application of these methods.
Efecto de la temperatura, el estrés hídrico y luminoso sobre la heterogeneidad del fotosistema II en cuatro variedades de poroto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Las plantas superiores, requieren de mecanismos que permitan proteger a los centros fotosinteticos de dano oxidativo, particularmente en condiciones ambientales que determinen una absorcion luminosa en exceso de su capacidad de utilizacion fotoquimica, como son las altas intensidades de luz, propiamente tal, restriccion de agua y aumentos de temperatura. En el mediano y largo plazo los centros PSII tendrian la capacidad de modificar su localizacion y estructura, formando los centros PSII del tipo s y los estados de transicion, cuya variacion no depende, exclusivamente, de la intensidad luminosa. En el presente estudio se determino el efecto de distintos estreses ambientales sobre la heterogeneidad del PSII, en cuatro cultivares de poroto: Arroz Tuscola (AT), Orfeo INIA (OI), Bayos Titan (BT) y Hallado Dorado (HD). En plantas desarrolladas en camaras de crecimiento, la proporcion de centros PSIIs aumento hasta en un 100 % en la medida que se incremento la temperatura. Dicho efecto fue magnificado por el estres hidrico, en estas plantas. En condiciones de campo, el estres luminico impuesto por la fijacion de foliolos a la posicion horizontal, aumento aun mas el efecto del estres hidrico sobre la proporcion de tales centros, desde un 27 %, en plantas regadas y hoja en posicion normal, hasta un 63 % en plantas estresadas y hojas forzadas a la horizontalidad. En cuanto a los estados de transicion, se observo, en plantas desarrolladas a 20 oC en camaras de crecimiento, un aumento de estos al someter sus hojas a 15 oC. Asi mismo, temperaturas de 25 a 35 oC indujeron aumentos en los estados de transicion. El estres hidrico, en los cultivares AT y OI, aminoro la magnitud del efecto de la temperatura, al contrario de lo observado en BT. En el cultivar HD, no se distingue un efecto claro del estres hidrico, sobre la formacion de los estados de transicion inducidos por cambios en la temperatura. Aun cuando existen diferencias en la magnitud de los cambios observados en las diferentes variedades de poroto, en todos ellos se aprecia la tendencia a modificar la estructura de los centros PSII, de manera de favorecer una menor sobreexcitacion de los centros de reaccion de dichos complejos, en las situaciones de estres estudiadas
β-glucosyl and α-galactosyl Yariv reagents bind to cellulose and other glucans

Yariv reagent [1,3,5-tris(4-β-d-glucopyranosyloxyphenylazo)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene] has been used in the purification/quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins and as a histochemical reagent to localize arabinogalactan-proteins in plant tissues. When developing cotton fiber cells were stained with β-glucosyl Yariv reagent, interference from other cell wall polymers, especially cellulose, was suspected. In order to examine this potential interference, we have developed two dye-binding assays to measure the binding of Yariv reagent in the presence of various carbohydrate polymers. Reaction conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and exposure time in the standard binding assays were investigated. The results show that β-glucosyl and α-galactosyl Yariv reagents bind to cellulose and several other glucans. Treatments with excess glucose in the assay to inhibit binding were only partially effective in preventing β-glucosyl Yariv reagent from binding to cellulose. Keywords: Arabinogalactan protein; cellulose; g.
Inferring the Properties of Predation and Other Injury‐Producing Agents from Injury Frequencies

This paper analyzes how cumulative injury data in age—structured populations can be used to determine some properties of the injury—producing process, such as predation. If the injury—producing process is the only source of mortality or injury, raw frequencies of animals free from injury (e.g., tail breaks) are shown in a theoretical analysis to equal the efficiency of the injury—producing process (e.g., the fraction of predation attempts that result in death of the prey); they are not affected by the intensity of the injury—producing process. If alternate sources of mortality exist, this conclusion may still be approximately true unless those sources are large. If there exists alternative sources of injury that never result in death, raw frequencies of uninjured animals actually increase with increasing intensity of the process that produces both injury and death (e.g., predation). To estimate the intensity of the injury—producing and the per—unit—time rate of accumulating injuries in the simplest case, one needs both injury and survival frequencies. Formulae for these estimations are provided.