Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Certain Molar Movements of the Human Body produced by the Circulation of the Blood.

A PERSON standing erect in a perfectly easy posture on the bed of an ordinary spring weighing-machine, and maintaining, as far as possible, perfect stillness, will be found, if the instrument is delicately adjusted, to impart a rhythmic movement to the index, synchronous with the pulse and according to the following rule:-At each occurrence of systole in the heart, the needle will be vigorously deflected toward the zero point of the dial, and in the intervals of systolic action will return by a slower movement to the starting point; this point nearly coinciding with the point at which the needle would rest if the subject were laid horizontally on the bed of the instrument. The return of the needle is effected by a series of secondary vibrations which appear to bear an appreciable but imperfect analogy to corresponding features in the sphygmograph. This phenomenon may very easily be verified, but in repeating the experiment it should be borne in mind that the following are desiderata:-That the skeleton of the subject be brought as nearly as possible into contact with the instrument and that the hipand knee-joints be so disposed as to secure the maximum possible of rigidity in a perpendicular direction. It does not appear that this phenomenon has heretofore been anticipated by any process of theorising, or turned to any useful account. It may therefore be permitted me to point out what may prove to be its phenomenal cause and practical consequences. As to its cause-When the heart is contracting it propels blood in all directions; but the greatest column is propelled downward, along the aorta, almost in the direction of the axis of the body. If, therefore, we disregard all blood that is propelled upward, and make a compensating abatement from that which is propelled downward, there will remain a certain mass of blood which at each contraction of the heart is forced
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TO SUPPORT DECISION PROCESSES WITH DATA MINING

Traditional techniques of data analysis do not enable the solution of all kind of problems and for that reason they have become insufficient. This caused a newinterdisciplinary field of data mining to arise, encompassing both classical statistical, and modern machine learning techniques to support the data analysis and knowledge discovery from data. Data mining methods are powerful in dealing with large quantities of data, but on the other hand they are difficult to master by business users to facilitate decision support. In this paper we introduce our approach to integration of decision support system with data mining. We discuss the role of data mining to facilitate decision support, the use of data mining methods in decision support systems, discuss applied approaches and introduce a data mining decision support system called DMDSS - Data Mining Decision Support System. We also present some obtained results and plans for future development.
Properties of soleus muscle Z‐lines and induced Z‐line analogs revealed by dissection with Ca2+‐activated neutral protease

Rat soleus muscle Z‐lines and Z‐line anomalies induced by neostigmine methyl sulfate (NMS) and cat soleus muscle Z‐line and Z‐line anomalies induced by tentomy were examined by electron microscopy before and after dissection of muscle fibers with Ca2+‐activated neutral protease (CAF) to elucidate structural properties of Z‐lines and related Z‐line‐type structures. In both normal and treated muscles, interdigitation of thin (6–7 nm) filaments, which were continuous with I‐filaments (actin) from adjacent sarcomeres, was observed at the Z‐line in longitudinal section.
Comparing the characteristics of schools that produce high percentages and low percentages of primary care physicians

To examine whether the medical school environment is important in influencing students to choose careers in primary care, the authors in 1991 compared certain characteristics of the environments of schools that produced high percentages of primary care physicians with those of schools that produced low percentages over a five-year period. The authors used the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile to identify the percentage of graduates of each of 121 medical schools for the period 1981–1985 who entered primary care specialties. They then compared the 25 schools that produced low percentages (22–29%) with the 25 schools that produced high percentages (39–56%). The results demonstrate important differences between the two groups of schools in their commitments to primary care education, their research programs, and their clinical environments supporting required clerkships. The authors conclude that a school's educational environment is an important factor in influencing some students to pursue careers in primary care medicine.
Discourse Cohesion and Accessibility of Referents in Oral Narratives: A Comparison of L1 and L2 Acquisition of French and English

Thiss study aims at comparing L1 and L2 acquisition processes through an analysis of the linguistic means used to ensure discourse cohesion in the oral narratives of French and English four-, seven- and ten-year-old children and of adult learners of these two languages. We focused on the use of high accessibility markers (HAM) (zero anaphora, subject and object pronouns) and low accessibility markers (LAM) (definite noun phrases) by the different groups of learners to analyze the way they maintained and switched reference to the protagonists of the story. Our results highlight a tendency to underspecification among children, who use HAM in a higher proportion than native adults and produce ambiguous forms in context; and a tendency to overspecification among adult advanced and intermediate L2 learners, who favour LAM even where pronouns could be envisaged. This might be explained by the impact of cognitive factors as well as crosslinguistic influences on the productions of L1 and L2 learners.
Functional organization within the medullary reticular formation of intact unanesthetized cat. I. Movements evoked by microstimulation.

1. The present article described the various patterns of movement evoked in the limbs and neck by microstimulation (33-ms trains, 330 Hz, 0.2-ms pulses at less than or equal to 35 microA) of the medullary reticular formation (MRF) of seven chronically implanted, unanesthetized, intact cats. Altogether 878 loci were stimulated in 83 penetrations. However, as stimulation in the more lateral regions of the MRF was less effective, the results are based on stimulation in 592 loci made in 56 penetrations at distances of between 0.5 and 2.5 mm lateral to the midline. 2. Of these 592 loci, movement of one or more parts of the body was evoked from a total of 539 (91%) sites. Most of these movements were compound in nature, involving movement of one or more limbs as well as the head. Discrete movements were observed only with respect to the head; limb movements were always accompanied by head movement. In addition, hindlimb movements were always accompanied by forelimb movements, although the inverse was generally not true. 3. The most common effects of the stimulation were as follows: a turning of the head to the ipsilateral side (79% of stimulated sites); flexion of the ipsilateral elbow (41%); and extension of the contralateral elbow (45%). Effects in the hindlimbs were more variable and less frequent, with the majority of the effective loci causing flexion of the ipsilateral knee (9%) together with extension of the contralateral knee (8%). In total, including both flexion and extension, 18% of the stimulated sites caused movement of the ipsilateral hindlimb and 11% of the contralateral hindlimb. 4. Although movements of the head were obtained from the whole extent of the brain stem, movements of the forelimbs showed a dorsoventral organization with flexion of the ipsilateral elbow being evoked from the more dorsal regions of the brain stem, whereas contralateral elbow extension was evoked more frequently from the ventral regions. There was a large area of overlap from which movements of both limbs could be obtained simultaneously. Movements of the hindlimbs were more frequently evoked from central and ventral areas of the brain stem and from the most rostral aspect of the explored region. 5. In examining the combinations of movements evoked by the MRF stimulation, it was found that the most commonly evoked pattern was movement of the head to the stimulated side together with flexion of the ipsilateral forelimb and extension of the contralateral forelimb (26.5% of sites). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The nature of scarlatinal arthritis.

In order to determine the relationship of scarlatinal arthritis to rheumatic fever, 18 patients who experienced joint symptoms early in the course of scarlet fever were interviewed and examined 1 to 20 years later to establish the incidence of subsequent rheumatic symptoms. Two patients experienced definite pancarditis during the original illness, and the course of the arthritis in two additional cases was highly suggestive of rheumatic fever. Subsequent stigmata of rheumatic fever appeared in six other patients. Thus, the episode of scarlatinal arthritis probably represented rheumatic fever in eight instances, and possibly in two more. It is concluded that scarlatinal arthritis is most likely a manifestation of rheumatic fever.
Perceptions of Leadership and Personal Development of Selected High School Students in Iowa.

The need for leadership is becoming a crisis in the business sector of America, according to John P. Kotter (1985), Chairman of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management at the Harvard Business School. Kotter claims that a student can go through graduate school and learn nothing about leading people, yet still receive excellent performance appraisals. As our society continues to grow and change, so will the leadership training requirements of students and adults. Existing leadership needs must be identified to better prepare leaders for the demands of the future.
Modeling of achievement of the reference situation in the conditions of uncertainty

The article is concerned the approach modeling a possibility of global purpose (a reference situation) achievement in the conditions of uncertainty for some organizational system is offered. The system is described by situational model. The problem is formulated on the basis of synthesis of concepts of the control theory and decision-making, the theory of fuzzy sets and the fuzzy logic, the theory of hierarchical multilevel systems and utility theory. The given concept expands possibilities of the account uncertainty the various nature. Two ways of the description of signs in reference situations by fuzzy numbers and fuzzy intervals are presented in the article. Application of the second way by means of which two typical tasks are solved is proved. The offered approach allows to consider interaction of subsystems at the different levels of hierarchy and considers dynamics of changes of force of influence and background of process.
An efficient approach to enhance memory reliability

With the development of modern technology, soft error rate is increasing dramatically. Subsequently multiple bit upset is transforming into a critical issue for providing reliability of memories. Several methods are used to prevent soft errors. However, the rates of error detection and correction in these methods are very poor. This paper presents an efficient approach to detect and correct soft errors to enhance memory reliability. This method can detect and correct 100% error for any size of data bits. Experimental studies show how the proposed method out performs existing methods.
Topogenesis of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII) in yeast mitochondria is synthesized as a precursor (preCOXII) and is sorted across the inner membrane, whereby both N and C termini become exposed to the intermembrane space. We describe here how this process can be experimentally dissected into a number of distinct stages. Our results demonstrate that the translation of COXII is not obligatorily coupled to translocation. Insertion into the inner membrane and export of the N- and C-terminal domains require an energized inner membrane. The export of COXII is independent of both maturation by the Imp1p protease and assembly into the cytochrome c oxidase complex. When linked to a mitochondrial matrix-targeting sequence, the N-terminal portion of preCOXII (fused to mouse dihydrofolate reductase) can be imported into the mitochondrial matrix. Following accumulation in the matrix, this chimeric protein can become exported across the inner membrane, delivering the N terminus into the intermembrane space where it undergoes processing by the Imp1p protease. This export process displays a number of similarities to bacterial protein export and supports the view that the principles of sorting are conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotic organelles.
Characterization of two genetically separable inorganic phosphate transport systems in Escherichia coli

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport by wild-type cells of Escherichia coli grown in excess phosphate-containing media involves two genetically separable transport systems. Cells dependent upon the high affinity-low velocity Pst (phosphate specific transport) system have a Km of 0.43 +/- 0.2 microM Pi and a Vmax of 15.9 +/- 0.3 nmol of Pi (mg [dry weight]-1min-1) and will grow in the presence of arsenate in the medium. However, cells dependent upon the low affinity-high velocity Pit (Pi transport) system have a Km of 38.2 +/- 0.4 microM and a Vmax of 55 +/- 1.9 nmol of Pi (mg [dry weight]-1min-1), and these cells cannot grow in the presence of an arsenate-to-Pi ratio of 10 in the medium. Pi transport by both systems was sensitive to the energy uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide, whereas only the Pst system was very sensitive to sodium cyanide. Evidence is presented that Pi is transported as Pi or a very labile intermediate and that accumulated Pi does not exit through the Pst or Pit systems from glucose-grown cells. Kinetic analysis of Pi transport in the wild-type strain containing both the Pst and Pit transport systems revealed that each system was not operating at full capacity. In addition, Pi transport in the wild-type strain was completely sensitive to sodium cyanide (a characteristic of the Pst system).
Hemochromatosis and Listeria infection.

To the Editor. — Apart from perinatal infection of mother and fetus, Listeria monocytogenes preferentially infects patients with impaired cellmediated immunity. Patients with malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease 1 and kidney transplant recipients 2.3 succumb most often to this infection. Meningoencephalitis, 4 endocarditis, septicemia, and peritonitis 1 are the most common clinical forms of infection. Ampicillin sodium remains the treatment of choice; it probably acts synergistically with tobramycin sulfate. 5 Hemochromatosis was not known to pose special susceptibility to listerial infections. However, a patient was recently described who had hemochromatosis and meningitis with L monocytogenes . 6 We have attended another patient with hemochromatosis and listerial sepsis. Our patient was a 61-year-old man with hemochromatosis and micronodular cirrhosis of the liver. He was admitted with the suspicion of malignant hepatoma. Previously he had suffered from chronic infections of his hip prosthesis. After paracentesis, he suffered an acute myocardial infarction and became
Effects of histamine precursor and (R)-alpha-methylhistamine on the avoidance response in rats.

The aim of this work is to clarify the role of histamine in learning and memory processes. In order to do this, the effect of administration of the histamine precursor, L-histidine (HIS) and of the agonist of the H(3) receptor, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH), on active avoidance response in rats is studied. Treatment with RAMH (10 mg/kg i.p.) increased the number of avoidance responses produced during acquisition and retention of the learning. In contrast, administration of L-his (500 mg/kg i.p.) impairs performance in the shuttle-box. These results are consistent with a role for histamine in cognitive processes and suggest that a increase in cerebral histamine levels impair the acquisition of avoidance response, whereas reduced levels facilitate this acquisition.
REGENERATION OF INJURIES AMONG JAMAICAN GORGONIANS: THE ROLES OF COLONY PHYSIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT.

The consequences of injury to reef dwelling colonial animals are determined partly by rates of regeneration of lost tissues. These experiments examined two potential influences on regeneration rates of Jamaican gorgonians: 1) intrinsic physiological and energetic differences among co-occurring, conspecific colonies differing in size, reproductive phase, or injury location; and 2) differential responses among three plexaurid species to changing environmental variables across their depth range. In Plexaura homomalla, regeneration rate varied with the location of injury within colonies, but was unexpectedly independent of either colony size or reproductive phase. In addition, colonies of P. homomalla, Eunicea mammosa, and Plexaurella dichotoma differed in relative ability to regenerate equivalent injuries in different reef zones across their depth range. "There is one fact in the life-history of corals which the study of processes of repair clearly brings out, and it is this, that all the methods of regeneration are more for the life-saving of the colony than of the individual. " Wood-Jones, 1912.
An l 2-norm regularized underwater target classifier with improved generalization capability

Improving the generalization capability of a target classifier has become one of the primary challenges in underwater target recognition systems. This paper addresses the task of classification in the framework of ill-posed inverse problems, and discusses the problem of overfitting, the solution to which has been formulated using the technique of regularization. l 2 norm regularization on a logistic regression classifier has been implemented utilizing Newton's method to minimize the cost function for parameter optimization. Evaluation results with the help of Receiver Operating Characteristics and classification accuracy reveal the performance improvement of the classifier while making predictions on unseen samples.
Children and Marathoning: How Young Is Too Young?

In recent years, the world has witnessed, with accelerated speed, the erosion of children experiencing and enjoying childhood and adolescence. There has been a drive to have children grow up quickly and become immersed in the adult world—where they will spend most of their years. This is done in virtually every phase of their young lives, often by caring parents and communities, without a true understanding of the developmental and emotional needs of childhood and adolescence. Justification for such thinking comes from the notion that “Life is competitive, life is ‘a race. ’ We must start early on that path to ultimate success. ” Examples of such misconceptions, myths, and inappropriate expectations begin almost from birth, progress through infancy and early childhood, and culminate in adolescence. They are seen in areas of learning, eating, and physical activity. And so it is with the notion that running a marathon race of 26.2 miles is a sensible and appropriate activity for youngsters less than 18 years of age. Children are not small adults. Their anatomy and physiology are developing and not fully mature. Despite these concepts, which are intuitively understood in the broadest sense, in practice, and especially in athletic pursuits, these distinctions are forgotten or ignored. The focus of discussion for some may be exclusively about whether participating in marathon events is detrimental physically to participants. This statement, however, reviews the medical literature also in regard to whether there are emotional and developmental issues that should play a major role in determining the policy regarding young athletes running in full-length marathons.
The Promotion and Marketing of OxyContin : Commercial Triumph , Public Health Tragedy

I focus on issues surrounding the promotion and marketing of controlled drugs and their regulatory oversight. Compared with noncontrolled drugs, controlled drugs, with their potential for abuse and diversion, pose different public health risks when they are overpromoted and highly prescribed. An in-depth analysis of the promotion and marketing of OxyContin illustrates some of the associated issues. Modifications of the promotion and marketing of controlled drugs by the pharmaceutical industry and an enhanced capacity of the Food and Drug Administration to regulate and monitor such promotion can have a positive impact on the public health. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:221–227. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.131714)
Appearance of solid organ injury with contrast-enhanced sonography in blunt abdominal trauma: preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the detection rate of injury and characterize imaging findings of contrast-enhanced sonography and non-contrast-enhanced sonography in the setting of confirmed solid organ injury. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This prospective study involved identifying hepatic, splenic, and renal injuries on contrast-enhanced CT. After injury identification, both non-contrast-enhanced sonography and contrast-enhanced sonography were performed to identify the possible injury and to analyze the appearance of the injury. The sonographic appearance of hepatic, splenic, and renal injuries was then analyzed, and the conspicuity of the injuries was graded on a scale from 0 (nonvisualization) to 3 (high visualization). RESULTS Non-contrast-enhanced sonography revealed 11 (50%) of 22 injuries, whereas contrast-enhanced sonography depicted 20 (91%) of 22 injuries. The average grade for conspicuity of injuries was increased from 0.67 to 2.33 for spleen injuries and from 1.0 to 2.2 for liver injuries comparing non-contrast-enhanced with contrast-enhanced sonography, respectively, on a scale from 0, being nonvisualization, to 3, being high visualization. The splenic injuries appeared hypoechoic with occasional areas of normal enhancing splenic tissue within the laceration with contrast-enhanced sonography. Different patterns were observed in liver injuries including a central hypoechoic region. In some liver injuries there was a surrounding hyperechoic region. CONCLUSION Contrast-enhanced sonography greatly enhances visualization of liver and spleen injuries compared with non-contrast-enhanced sonography. Solid organ injuries usually appeared hypoechoic on contrast-enhanced sonography, but often a hyperechoic region surrounding the injury also was identified with liver injuries.
Xeroderma pigmentosum: variants with normal DNA repair and normal sensitivity to ultraviolet light.

The subjects are three patients with distinct symptoms of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) in which the cultured fibroblasts are different from those usually found in this disease. Ordinarily, XP fibroblasts are extremely sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light and perform reduced amounts of repair replication during the repair of damage to DNA. Cells from the three new variants of XP are indistinguishable from normal cells: their sensitivity to UV light is normal and they perform normal amounts of repair replication. Because of this normal sensitivity, it is unlikely that a defect in any DNA repair mechanism is present in these cases; in microorganisms defects in repair are invariably associated with increased sensitivity. These results imply that a minority of those cases which are clinically diagnosed as XP constitute a biochemically distinct condition, and possible relationships previously inferred between DNA repair and carcinogenesis must be cautiously evaluated. Cells from parents (heterozygotes) of an XP patient with reduced DNA repair also show reduced DNA repair when they are subjected to high doses of UV light which presumably exceed the repair capacity of the partial (heterozygous) repair defect.