Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanins of Fruits and Vegetables - Their Occurrence, Analysis and Role in Human Nutrition

Anthocyanins of Fruits and Vegetables - Their Occurrence, Analysis and Role in Human Nutrition Anthocyanins are one of the largest and most important group of water-soluble pigments in most species in the plant kingdom. They are accumulated in cell vacuoles and are largely responsible for diverse pigmentation from orange to red, purple and blue in flowers, fruits, such as: blackberry, red and black raspberries, blueberries, bilberries, cherries, currants, blood orange, elderberries, grapes, and vegetables such as: red onion, radish, red cabbage, red lettuce, egg-plant, red-skinned potato and purple sweet potato. Anthocyanins in fruits and vegetables are present in glycosylated forms. The qualitative and quantitative determination of anthocyanins in plant can be performed by classical (spectro-photometric) or contemporary methods - HPLC coupled with a various types of mass spectrometers or NMR apparatus. Anthocyanins are widely ingested by humans, mainly due to consumption of fruits, vegetables and red wines. Depending on the nutritional habits, the daily intake of anthocyanins for individuals has been estimated from several milligrams to hundreds of milligrams per person. Anthocyanins as well as other flavonoids occuring in fruits, and vegetables are protective against a variety of diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer. Also the visual acuity can be markedly improved through administration of anthocyanin pigments to animals and humans. Antocyjany W Owocach I Warzywach - Ich Występowanie, Metody Analizy I Rola W Żywieniu Człowieka Antocyjany są jedną z największych i najważniejszych grup barwników, występujących w większości gatunków roślin. Są one akumulowane w wakuolach komórek i odpowiadają za różnorakie wybarwienie, od pomarańczowego do czerwonego i od purpurowego do niebieskiego, kwiatów, owoców i warzyw, takich jak: jeżyna, czarna porzeczka, borówka, wiśnia, winogrona, cebula czerwona, rzodkiewka, kapusta czerwona, sałata czerwona, oberżyna, słodkie ziemniaki. Antocyjany występują w owocach i warzywach w formie glikozydów. Metody ilościowego i jakościowego oznaczania antocyjanów obejmują techniki spektrofotometryczne oraz chromatograficzne (HPLC) połączone z różnego rodzaju spektrometrami masowymi lub magnetycznym rezonansem jądrowym. Głównym źródłem antocyjanów w pożywieniu są owoce, warzywa oraz czerwone wino. Zależnie od nawyków żywieniowych dzienne spożycie antocyjanów jest oceniane na około kilkanaście do kilkuset miligramów na osobę. Antocyjany, podobnie jak i inne flawonoidy, oddziałują korzystnie jako czynnik zapobiegawczy, przeciw chorobom układu krążenia oraz niektórym chorobom nowotworowym. Mają również wpływ na poprawę ostrości wzroku.
On Sanskrit and Information Retrieval

Many Sanskrit texts are available today in machine-readable form. They are of considerable help to philologists, but their exploitation is made difficult by peculiarities of the language which prevent the use of traditional information retrieval systems. We discuss a few possible solutions to improve this situation and present as well a number of strategies to increase retrieval efficiency.
Frontal geostrophic adjustment, slow manifold and nonlinear wave phenomena in one-dimensional rotating shallow water. Part 1. Theory

The problem of nonlinear adjustment of localized front-like perturbations to a state of geostrophic equilibrium (balanced state) is studied in the framework of rotating shallow-water equations with no dependence on the along-front coordinate. We work in Lagrangian coordinates, which turns out to be conceptually and technically advantageous. First, a perturbation approach in the cross-front Rossby number is developed and splitting of the motion into slow and fast components is demonstrated for non-negative potential vorticities. We then give a non-perturbative proof of existence and uniqueness of the adjusted state, again for configurations with non-negative initial potential vorticities. We prove that wave trapping is impossible within this adjusted state and, hence, adjustment is always complete for small enough departures from balance. However, we show that retarded adjustment occurs if the adjusted state admits quasi-stationary states decaying via tunnelling across a potential barrier. A description of finite-amplitude periodic nonlinear waves known to exist in configurations with constant potential vorticity in this model is given in terms of Lagrangian variables. Finally, shock formation is analysed and semi-quantitative criteria based on the values of initial gradients and the relative vorticity of initial states are established for wave breaking showing, again, essential differences between the regions of positive and negative vorticity.
Adaptive Neural Control of Nonaffine Nonlinear Systems without Differential Condition for Nonaffine Function

An adaptive neural control scheme is proposed for nonaffine nonlinear system without using the implicit function theorem or mean value theorem. The differential conditions on nonaffine nonlinear functions are removed. The control-gain function is modeled with the nonaffine function probably being indifferentiable. Furthermore, only a semibounded condition for nonaffine nonlinear function is required in the proposed method, and the basic idea of invariant set theory is then constructively introduced to cope with the difficulty in the control design for nonaffine nonlinear systems. It is rigorously proved that all the closed-loop signals are bounded and the tracking error converges to a small residual set asymptotically. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed method.
How chemistry influences cloud structure, star formation, and the IMF

In the earliest phases of star-forming clouds, stable molecular species, such as CO, are important coolants in the gas phase. Depletion of these molecules on dust surfaces affects the thermal balance of molecular clouds and with that their whole evolution. For the first time, we study the effect of grain surface chemistry (GSC) on star formation and its impact on the initial mass function (IMF). We follow a contracting translucent cloud in which we treat the gas-grain chemical interplay in detail, including the process of freeze-out. We perform 3D hydrodynamical simulations under three different conditions, a pure gas-phase model, a freeze-out model, and a complete chemistry model. The models display different thermal evolution during cloud collapse as also indicated in Hocuk, Cazaux & Spaans, but to a lesser degree because of a different dust temperature treatment, which is more accurate for cloud cores. The equation of state (EOS) of the gas becomes softer with
Menggunakan Lexical dan Semantic Similarity Measure Feature Answer Ranking in Community Question Answering using Lexical and Semantic Similarity Measure Feature

The widespread use of the internet nowadays formed a lot of Online Community Question-Answering. The Online Community Question-Answering not only covers the academic issues, but also about how to living in other country like Qatar Living Forum. However, most of the times the answer that were given did not match the question. It takes some times to choose the right answer that correspond with the answer. For that reason, a rank-based system which can rank the correlation between the question and the answer is needed. The steps that being taken on this study are pre-processing dataset based on SemEval 2016 question-answering similarity, feature extraction to help the classification process using Lexical Similarity Feature, Semantic Similarity Feature, Non-Textual Feature Group, and Heuristic. The classifier used in this study is Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The value of the classification results are used to rank the most suitable answers to the questions. The results of this study shows the influence of the similarity between the questions and answers. Lexical Similarity Feature, especially Cosine Similarity Sub-Feature and LCS shows that the higher the value of the feature, the closer the answer to the question. On the other hand, the distribution of Semantic Similarity value using Wu Palmer Algorithm in each class is more evenly distributed, so that it is quite difficult to distinguish the characteristics of each class. Non Textual Feature Group is helping to classify the answers and improves 4% of the accuracy. Keyword: Community Question Answering, Question Answering System, similarity measure, classifier, CQA answer rank, MAP. ISSN : 2355-9365 e-Proceeding of Engineering : Vol.3, No.2 Agustus 2016 | Page 3621
The influence of role models on young adults purchase

This study explores the influence of direct (parents) and vicarious (celebrities) role models on young consumer’s purchase intention and behavior in Malaysia. The study partially replicates previous studies conducted in the west while exploring the eastern perspective. The data was collected using convenience sampling. Respondents were mostly undergraduate students at a public university in Sarawak, Malaysia. They were asked to respond to a structured questionnaire which was based on previous studies conducted in the same area. Regression analysis was carried out to estimate the impact of role model influence on purchase intention and behavior. The results indicate that both direct and vicarious role model significantly influence purchase intention. However finding do suggests that the direct role model does not influence purchasing behavior. This study significantly contributes in understanding the role model influence on ever growing youth market in Malaysia.
alidity of arterialised-venous P CO 2 , pH and bicarbonate in obesity ypoventilation syndrome

This prospective study investigated the validity of arterialised-venous blood gases (AVBG) for estimating arterial carbon dioxide (PCO2 ), pH and bicarbonate (HCO3 −) in people with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). AVBGs were obtained from an upper limb vein, after heating the skin at 42–46 ◦C. Arterial blood gas (ABG) and AVBG samples were taken simultaneously and compared using Bland Altman analysis. Between-group differences were assessed with independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U
Is the European Commission a Hothouse for Supranationalism? Exploring Actor-Level Supranationalism

The article explores actor-level supranationalism among seconded national experts (SNEs) in the European Commission. The transformative clout of the European Commission is assessed by the extent to which SNEs adopt a "supranational" role perception. The survey and interview data presented demonstrates that SNEs evoke multiple roles, notably departmental, epistemic and supranational roles. OLS regression analyses reveal that actor-level supranationalism among SNEs reflect (i) processes of re-socialization inside the Commission, (ii) the organizational composition of the Commission and (iii) organizational "in"compatibilities between the Commission and domestic government institutions. Copyright (c) 2007 The Author(s); Journal compilation (c) 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Drosophila melanogaster , обитающие на севере европейской части России , заражены Wolbachia , негативно влияющей на их продолжительность жизни

Wolbachia – род бактерий, вызывающих внутриклеточную инфек­ цию и широко распространенных в природных популяциях Dro­ sophila melanogaster на всех континентах. Вольбахии оказывают влияние на ряд признаков D. melanogaster, определяющих ее при­ способленность, а также на поведение мух, их чувствительность к стрессу и вирусной инфекции. Влияние вольбахии на фенотип вида­хозяина могло способствовать расселению бактерии, что увеличивает интерес к дальнейшему изучению ее географиче­ ского распространения, в частности на границах среды обитания D. melanogaster, в сочетании с воздействием на жизненно важные признаки вида­хозяина. В настоящей работе приведены данные об уровне зараженности вольбахией двух популяций D. melanogaster из северных регионов Европейской России. Мух собирали с 2010 по 2015 г. в частных яблоневых садах, расположенных в двух не­ больших деревнях без супермаркетов или фруктовых рынков, недалеко от городов Александров (56.41° с. ш., 38.72° в. д.) и Валдай (58.02° с. ш., 33.24° в. д.). Обе популяции были заражены вольбахией на сходном уровне. В среднем было заражено 69.7 % инбредных линий (ИЛ), полученных от индивидуальных самок, выловленных близ Александрова, и 68.4 % ИЛ, полученных от индивидуальных самок валдайской популяции. Уровень заражения менялся из года в год, демонстрируя тенденцию к снижению, при этом в среднем находился в пределах, ранее наблюдавшихся в других местообита­ ниях. Сравнивалась продолжительность жизни в сублиниях одних и тех же ИЛ: одна сублиния оставалась зараженной вольбахией, а другая была вылечена тетрациклином. В четырех из пяти протес­ тированных ИЛ продолжительность жизни как самцов, так и самок оказалась сильно сниженной в присутствии вольбахии; в разных ИЛ вольбахия сокращала продолжительность жизни в 1.8–5.4 раза у самцов и в 1.4–2.4 раза у самок. Полученные результаты под­ тверждают, что, несмотря на широкое распространение, вольба­ хия может негативно влиять на продолжительность жизни.
Feature-Rich Geometric and Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanoscrolls

How to form carbon nanoscrolls with non-uniform curvatures is worthy of a detailed investigation. The first-principles method is suitable for studying the combined effects due to the finite-size confinement, the edge-dependent interactions, the interlayer atomic interactions, the mechanical strains, and the magnetic configurations. The complex mechanisms can induce unusual essential properties, e.g., the optimal structures, magnetism, band gaps and energy dispersions. To reach a stable spiral profile, the requirements on the critical nanoribbon width and overlapping length will be thoroughly explored by evaluating the width-dependent scrolling energies. A comparison of formation energy between armchair and zigzag nanoscrolls is useful in understanding the experimental characterizations. The spin-up and spin-down distributions near the zigzag edges are examined for their magnetic environments. This accounts for the conservation or destruction of spin degeneracy. The various curved surfaces on a relaxed nanoscroll will create complicated multi-orbital hybridizations so that the low-lying energy dispersions and energy gaps are expected to be very sensitive to ribbon width, especially for those of armchair systems. Finally, the planar, curved, folded, and scrolled graphene nanoribbons are compared with one another to illustrate the geometry-induced diversity.
Biodiversity and Structure of Woody Plants of Sahelian Rangelands of Baban Rafi, Niger

The present study investigates the importance of harvesting regimes and natural disturbances on the diversity, the population structure and the regeneration trends of the woody plant species of Sahelian rangelands and their implication for sustainable browsing management. Woody plants data was collected in 42 plots established in the interval of 500 m, along transects distant of 500 m, in the direction South-west and North-east of the study area. In each plot, height and diameter at breast height of each individual mature tree and shrub (diameter 4 cm) were recorded. A total number of 21 plants species were recorded, with low values of the Shannon-Weaver (H’) index and the evenness of Pielou (E) indicating very low diversity of rangelands. Analysis of size classes distribution of diameters and heights of the whole vegetation and the three dominants species revealed high density of juveniles, relating to stable populations. The juvenile plants represented more than 80 of the vegetation with diameters and heights respectively lower than 6 cm and 2.5 m, indicating shrubby vegetation. Combretum micranthum, Guiera senegalensis and Combretum nigricans which have the highest values of IVI, have also the greatest rates of seedling and vegetative propagation densities. Stable populations with strong capacity of regeneration under harsh area and high human pression such as logging and grazing can be related ecological success. Management practices that promote plantations or managing natural regeneration of such species can facilitate fast secondary succession towards desirable condition.
Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Poultry

The transgenic approach and precise editing of specific loci in the genome have diverse practical uses in animal biotechnology. Recent advances in genome-editing technology, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) have helped to generate highly valuable and qual-ity-improved poultry. The production of transgenic and genome-edited birds mainly depends on primordial germ cells (PGCs), which are the progenitor cells of gametes, due to the unique system that is quite different from the mammalian system. This chapter introduces the basic physiology of avian PGCs and the latest PGC-mediated methodolo-gies in transgenesis and genome editing of birds. Based on these techniques, future appli- cations of precisely genome-modulated poultry are discussed to provide opportunities and benefits for humans.
Carbon isotopic compositions of volatile fatty acids in sediment/pore-water systems measured by isotope-ratio-monitoring liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

In recent decades, our understanding of biogeochemical processes has benefited enormously from the information encoded in the stable carbon isotopic composition of organic molecules. For low-molecular-weight metabolites, δC values are routinely acquired for methane and used to examine details of its production and consumption. On the other hand, systematic information about the isotopic compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and other water-soluble metabolites in natural environments is very rare. The isotopic composition of acetate, a ubiquitous intermediate in anaerobic metabolism, is affected by biological processes that produce and/or consume it (Blair et al., 1992; Gelwicks et al., 1989; 1994). Therefore, δC values of acetate extracted from natural systems are potentially powerful probes to decipher the dominant carbon-transforming processes in situ.
Traditional Knowledge about Polar Bears ( Ursus maritimus ) in Northwestern Alaska

Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are an iconic Arctic species, but residents of Arctic coastal communities are among the few who have opportunities to observe their behavior for extended periods of time. Documenting traditional knowledge about polar bears is thus an important research approach, especially in light of recent rapid changes to summer sea ice extent. We interviewed polar bear hunters in seven Alaska Native communities along the coast of the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Our study confirmed findings from similar research conducted in the mid-1990s and added information about the responses of polar bears to more recent environmental change. The distribution and local abundance of polar bears have changed over time, though different communities report different patterns. Polar bears arrive from the north later in fall than previously. Despite substantial changes in sea ice and other aspects of polar bear habitat, the animals generally appear to be in good body condition, and cubs continue to be observed regularly. While polar bears continue to feed primarily on seals, they have been observed eating a diverse range of foods, including eggs, greens, fish, berries, and other foods as available. Reduction in harvest levels due to environmental, economic, and social factors is the overriding trend; however, in years when bears are particularly abundant around villages, this pattern is temporarily reversed. Polar bears remain important spiritually and culturally for the indigenous communities of northern and western Alaska.
Household Saving Behavior and Determinants of the Forms of Saving and Investment in Thailand

This study investigates the household savers of saving level, saving objectives, forms of saving, the determinants of the forms of saving, including consistency between the risk-return concept and the investing decision. The results show that average saving rate was 29.17% of income and they were familiar with many forms of saving and investments available. The main purpose of savings was for post-retirement spending. Respondents used own decision, together with information provided by bank staff, to select forms of saving and investment. Savers tended to invest more in conventional saving forms, such as bank deposits, insurance policies, gold and properties, than in financial assets such as government bond, mutual fund, corporate bonds, and stock. However, as income levels rose, respondents tended to save less in conventional forms of saving and more toward capital market. Investors also recognized the high return nature of investing in financial assets, but savers have no interest to these types of investments owing to the high risk character, complicated investment process, and high initial investment. However, the highest proportion of savings was allocated to properties (real estate. Savers also perceived that their physical assets generated higher returns and are less risky than financial assets.
Price Developments on the World Markets for Milk Products: The Case of Butter

A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. It can be expected that similar relationships exists for other milk products as well. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. However, price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The estimates provide further some indication that the EU absorbs price fluctuations form the word market. Interestingly, changes of prices in Oceania have no impact on the domestic EU market. Fluctuations of the EU world market prices, on the other hand, are absorbed to a large extent. The reason for this reaction remains unclear. One explanation may an inappropriate fixing export refunds. Price variations within the EU are also transferred to the international markets.