Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Oblique Impact Test Rig for Testing Helmet

In this work, a new test rig is introduced to assess various head impact scenarios on different types of helmets. The test rig is a free-fall system where a helmeted headform is suspended instead of being placed on a basket frame and detaches from the system before the impact allowing an unrestricted motion. The proposed testbed showed to be effective in performing helmet impact tests at different angles. The test rig is particularly effective in tests at steep anvil angles, such as 15°, which could be problematic utilizing conventional test rigs with a basket frame. This is because, right before impacting the anvil, the helmeted headform is detached from the system enabling the helmeted headform to move freely during impact. In addition, the test results showed low CVs and high repeatability within the same impact scenario. The results showed that the proposed test rig could perform oblique impact tests on a wide range of angles without causing damage to the test rig. The results of the impact tests also suggest both the magnitude and duration of an impact are necessary for a more effective assessment of helmet performance.
Potential Grey Reef Shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) Nursery on Seamounts Southwest of Guam1

The grey reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, is a coastal-pelagic schooling shark often associated with deeper areas near coral reefs, atoll passes and lagoons with strong tidal flow. Currently listed as “near threatened” by the UCIN, grey reef sharks, as with many other shark species, are considered to be in rapid decline. Here I report observations of high-density aggregations of young grey reef sharks at a small and relatively shallow continental seamount South-West of the Marianas island of Guam. Juvenile grey reef sharks were found to be 9.3 and 5.6 times higher in abundance on the observed sea mount compared to the surrounding seamounts over successive years. Grey reef shark pupping grounds have not previously been reported in the Marianas archipelago potentially identifying this locality as a rare suitable habitat for grey sharks to reproduce. A discussion of the physical characteristics of the sea-mount and a comparison between these observations and the established criteria for shark nurseries is presented.
Non-Cognitive Skills and the Performance of Macro Principles Students∗

Principles of economics has a reputation as being a challenging course. Further, it seems that most students tend to have difficulty retaining ideas and concepts from it and other other economics courses (Walstad and Allgood, 1999). As a result, increasing student understanding would seem to be an important priority for economics educators. In recent years there has been considerable research on the importance of non-cognitive skills on labor market success— suggesting that these skills are important in college and perhaps in economics courses as well. In some cases, student views of these skills and thus actual academic performance can be shaped by instruction (Yeager and Dweck, 2012). An intervention that could be used to increase learning in their classes would be particularly helpful for economics educators. In this study, three widely used instruments that measure non-cognitive skills were given to approximately 900 Penn State macro principles students in the Fall of 2012. They were the Grit Scale (Duckworth and Quinn, 2009), the Self-Control Scale (Tangney et al., 2004), and the Need for Cognition (Cacioppo et al., 1984). In addition, students were asked about their “mindset” (Dweck, 2006). While it may not be understood as a non-cognitive skill, “mindset” is sufficiently related to student academic performance that it merits inclusion in this study. The results are described below.
Steady-state heat transfer in microcracked media

Material behaviour is often affected by the heterogeneities existing at the microscopic level. Especially the presence of cracks, voids, etc collectively known as defects, can play a major role in their overall response. Homogenization can be used to study the influence of these heterogeneities and also to estimate the effective properties of a given material. Several research works have been dedicated to determining the elastic behaviour of microcracked media. Yet, thermal properties are not investigated as much. Moreover, the question of unilateral effect (opening/closing of cracks) still remains an important issue. So, this paper aims to provide the effective thermal conductivity of 2D microcracked media with arbitrarily orientated cracks, either open or closed. With the help of Eshelby-like approach, homogenization schemes (dilute and Mori-Tanaka) and bounds (Ponte Castañeda-Willis) are developed to provide the closed-form expressions. In addition, these results are compared to numerical simulations performed based on finite element modelling.
Trends of Mortality, Time, and Causes of Death in Preterm Infants

Objective: Although survival rate of preterm infants in Korea has increased in the past several decades, it seems to be stable recently. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mortality rate of preterm infants in a single center in Korea between 2009 and 2018. Methods: Preterm infants with gestational age (GA) <30 weeks who were admitted to Busan Paik Hospital (January 2009 to December 2018) were enrolled. Results: The overall mortality rate was 20.8%. Mortality rate decreased from 21.9% in 2009 to 9.2% in 2012. It then increased and reached a plateau at 20%. Mortality rate was 80.0% in those with GA of 22 weeks. It then decreased with increasing GA. It was 2.9% in those with GA of 29 weeks. The risk of death decreased by 0.573 times when GA increased by 1 week. Death immediately after birth was high in infants with GA of 22 weeks. It was rare in infants with GA ≥25 weeks. Death within 24 hours after birth was high in infants with GA ≤24 weeks who were delivered precipitately without appropriate perinatal support. Sepsis was the leading cause of all deaths. High grade intraventricular hemorrhage was the second common cause of death, especially in infants with GA ≤24 weeks. Conclusion: Mortality rate of preterm infants in this study did not decrease. Modifiable factors including delivery with appropriate supports of neonatal resuscitation team and sufficient maternal obstetric care, especially maternal infection control might reduce mortality, especially immediate postnatal death.
Choices, risks and rational conformity: extending Boudon’s positional theory to understand higher education choices in contemporary China

This study extends Boudon’s positional theory to understand how students from different social origins make choices about university and how they interpret risks during the choice-making process in contemporary China. I draw upon empirical evidence from 71 indepth semi-structured interviews with undergraduates from different social backgrounds and from different types of universities. The interview data confirm the relevance of Boudon’s thesis in the Chinese context; that is, individuals’ family characteristics manifest in the process of choices and strategies. Furthermore, this study provides new evidence on a pattern of classbound conformity, which sometimes contradicts the rational course of action from students’ narratives on socioeconomic and cultural identity as well as opportunity risks associated with the quota system. When hope and chance clash, students from working-class or agricultural families reduce to internalize their socioeconomic or geographical disadvantages, come to terms with a lack of equal opportunities in a seemingly meritocratic system.
Identification of the pore size distribution of a porous medium by yield stress fluids using Herschel-Bulkley model

In this paper, we present a new method to determine the pore-size distribution (PSD) in a porous medium. This innovative technique uses the rheological properties of non-Newtonian yield stress fluids flowing through the porous sample. In a first approach, the capillary bundle model will be used. The PSD is obtained from the measurement of the total flow rate of fluid as a function of the imposed pressure gradient magnitude. The mathematical processing of the experimental data, which depends on the type of yield stress fluid, provides an overview of the pore size distribution of the porous material. The technique proposed here was successfully tested analytically and numerically for usual pore size distributions such as the Gaussian mono and multimodal distributions. The study was conducted for yield stress fluids obeying the classical Bingham model and extended to the more realistic Herschel-Bulkley model. Unlike other complex methods, expensive and sometimes toxic, this technique presents a lower cost, requires simple measurements and is easy to interpret. This new method could become in the future an alternative, non-toxic and cheap method for the characterization of porous materials.
Well-defined quantum soliton masses without supersymmetry

22 years ago, Rebhan and van Nieuwenhuizen showed that loop corrections to the mass of a quantum soliton depend on a choice of matching condition for the regulators of the vacuum and one-soliton sector Hamiltonians. In supersymmetric theories, regulators which preserve supersymmetry yield the correct quantum corrections, as these are dictated by supersymmetry. However, in a general theory it is not known which matching condition yields the correct mass. We use the leading term in the operator that creates the soliton to construct the regulated one-soliton sector Hamiltonian from that of the vacuum sector, providing the correct matching condition. As an application, we derive a simple formula for the one-loop mass of a kink in a large class of 1+1 dimensional scalar field theories and also, at one loop, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian which describes the kink excitations.
Querying Streaming System Monitoring Data for Enterprise System Anomaly Detection

The need for countering Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks has led to the solutions that ubiquitously monitor system activities in each enterprise host, and perform timely abnormal system behavior detection over the stream of monitoring data. However, existing stream-based solutions lack explicit language constructs for expressing anomaly models that capture abnormal system behaviors, thus facing challenges in incorporating expert knowledge to perform timely anomaly detection over the large-scale monitoring data. To address these limitations, we build SAQL, a novel stream-based query system that takes as input, a real-time event feed aggregated from multiple hosts in an enterprise, and provides an anomaly query engine that queries the event feed to identify abnormal behaviors based on the specified anomaly models. SAQL provides a domain-specific query language, Stream-based Anomaly Query Language ( SAQL), that uniquely integrates critical primitives for expressing major types of anomaly models. In the demo, we aim to show the complete usage scenario of SAQL by (1) performing an APT attack in a controlled environment, and (2) using SAQL to detect the abnormal behaviors in real time by querying the collected stream of system monitoring data that contains the attack traces. The audience will have the option to interact with the system and detect the attack footprints in real time via issuing queries and checking the query results through a command-line UI.
Finite group actions on symplectic Calabi-Yau $4$-manifolds with $b_1>0$

This is the first of a series of papers devoted to the topology of symplectic Calabi-Yau $4$-manifolds endowed with certain symplectic finite group actions. We completely determined the fixed-point set structure of a finite cyclic action on a symplectic Calabi-Yau $4$-manifold with $b_1>0$. As an outcome of this fixed-point set analysis, the $4$-manifold was shown to be a $T^2$-bundle over $T^2$ in some circumstances, e.g., in the case where the group action is an involution which fixes a $2$-dimensional surface in the $4$-manifold. Our project on symplectic Calabi-Yau $4$-manifolds is based on an analysis of existence and classification of disjoint embeddings of certain configurations of symplectic surfaces in a rational $4$-manifold. This paper laid the ground work for such an analysis at the homological level. Some other results which are of independent interest, concerning the maximal number of disjointly embedded symplectic $(-2)$-spheres in a rational $4$-manifold, were also obtained.
Combining Floquet and Lyapunov techniques for time-dependent problems in optomechanics and electromechanics

Cavity optomechanics and electromechanics form an established field of research investigating the interactions between electromagnetic fields and the motion of quantum mechanical resonators. In many applications, linearised form of the interaction is used, which allows for the system dynamics to be fully described using a Lyapunov equation for the covariance matrix of the Wigner function. This approach, however, is problematic in situations where the Hamiltonian becomes time dependent as is the case for systems driven at multiple frequencies simultaneously. This scenario is highly relevant as it leads to dissipative preparation of mechanical states or backaction-evading measurements of mechanical motion. The time-dependent dynamics can be solved with Floquet techniques whose application is, nevertheless, not straightforward. Here, we describe a general method for combining the Lyapunov approach with Floquet techniques that enables us to transform the initial time-dependent problem into a time-independent one, at the acceptable cost of enlarging the drift and diffusion matrix. We show how the lengthy process of applying the Floquet formalism to the original equations of motion and deriving a Lyapunov equation from their time-independent form can be simplified with the use of properly defined Fourier components of the drift matrix of the original time-dependent system. We then use our formalism to comprehensively analyse dissipative generation of mechanical squeezing beyond the rotating wave approximation. Our method is applicable to various problems with multitone driving schemes in cavity optomechanics, electromechanics, and related disciplines.
BlueFlood: Concurrent Transmissions for Multi-Hop Bluetooth 5 - Modeling and Evaluation

Bluetooth is an omnipresent communication technology, available on billions of connected devices today. While it has been traditionally limited to peer-to-peer and star network topology, the recent Bluetooth 5 standard introduces new operating modes to allow for increased reliability. In addition, Bluetooth Mesh supports multi-hop networking based on message flooding. In this paper, we present BlueFlood. It adapts synchronous concurrent transmissions (CT), as introduced by Glossy, to Bluetooth. The result is fast and efficient network-wide data dissemination in multi-hop Bluetooth networks. Moreover, we show that BlueFlood floods can be reliably received by off-the-shelf Bluetooth devices such as smartphones, opening new applications of concurrent transmissions and a seamless integration with existing technologies. We model and analyze how CT distort the received waveform and characterize the Bit Error Rate (BER) of a non-coherent Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) receiver trying to recover the original bitstream. Then, we present an in-depth experimental feasibility study of CT over Bluetooth PHY in a controlled environment. Further, we evaluate BlueFlood in two testbeds deployed in university buildings. We show that BlueFlood achieves 99.9% end-to-end delivery ratio in multi-hop networks with a duty cycle of 0.4% for a periodic dissemination of advertising packets of 38 bytes with 200 milliseconds intervals.
MANet: Multimodal Attention Network based Point-View Fusion for 3D Shape Recognition

3D shape recognition has attracted more and more attention as a task of 3D vision research. The proliferation of 3D data encourages various deep learning methods based on 3D data. Now there have been many deep learning models based on point-cloud data or multi-view data alone. However, in the era of big data, integrating data of two different modals to obtain a unified 3D shape descriptor is bound to improve the recognition accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a fusion network based on multimodal attention mechanism for 3D shape recognition. Considering the limitations of multi-view data, we introduce a soft attention scheme, which can use the global point-cloud features to filter the multi-view features, and then realize the effective fusion of the two features. More specifically, we obtain the enhanced multi-view features by mining the contribution of each multi-view image to the overall shape recognition, and then fuse the point-cloud features and the enhanced multi-view features to obtain a more discriminative 3D shape descriptor. We have performed relevant experiments on the ModelNet40 dataset, and experimental results verify the effectiveness of our method.
Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein B and Apolipoprotein E in Hypobetalipoproteinemic Korean

Background : Hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) is characterized by plasma concentration of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol below the fifth percentile in a healthy population. It has been suggested that HBL may be associated with apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apoB polymorphisms, such as apoB 8344 and apoB EcoRI. Methods : Patients with HBL (n=51) and age-and- sex-matched healthy controls (n=136) were compared for apoE genotyping, apoB 8344 polymorphism and apoB EcoRI polymorphism. ApoE genotyping and apoB EcoRI polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment-length polymorphism. ApoB 8344 polymorphism was determined by the PCRamplification refractory mutation system. We also searched truncated apoB with ECL western blotting in 23 HBL subjects. Results : We could not find any truncated form of apoB. We found significant elevation of the apoE 2 allele frequency of 0.147 in HBL cases compared with 0.063 in healthy controls (P=0.018). The ApoB 8344 polymorphism showed no significant difference between the HBL and the normal control groups. There were no significant apoB EcoRI allele frequency differences between the HBL and the normal groups. Conclusions : We could not find any relationship between HBL either with apoB 8344 or apoB EcoRI polymorphisms, but apoE 2 allele seemed to be associated with HBL in Koreans.
Causal mediation analysis with double machine learning

This paper combines causal mediation analysis with double machine learning for a data-driven control of observed confounders in a high-dimensional setting. The average indirect effect of a binary treatment and the unmediated direct effect are estimated based on efficient score functions, which are robust w.r. t. misspecifications of the outcome, mediator, and treatment models. This property is key for selecting these models by double machine learning, which is combined with data splitting to prevent overfitting. We demonstrate that the effect estimators are asymptotically normal and n−1/2-consistent under specific regularity conditions and investigate the finite sample properties of the suggested methods in a simulation study when considering lasso as machine learner. We also provide an empirical application to the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, assessing the indirect effect of health insurance coverage on general health operating via routine checkups as mediator, as well as the direct effect.
An inertial alternating direction method of multipliers for solving a two-block separable convex minimization problem

The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is a widely used method for solving many convex minimization models arising in signal and image processing. In this paper, we propose an inertial ADMM for solving a two-block separable convex minimization problem with linear equality constraints. This algorithm is obtained by making use of the inertial Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm to the corresponding dual of the primal problem. We study the convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Furthermore, we apply the proposed algorithm on the robust principal component pursuit problem and also compare it with other state-of-the-art algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm.
A Longitudinal Study for 3 Years on Myopic Refractive Error Changes of Myopic Children Among Patients of a Korean Optometry Clinic

Purpose: To investigate amount of myopic progression with increase of age for children myopes among patients of a Korean optometry clinic. Methods: It has followed up 99 children subjects (male 55, female 44) who had no ocular disease and have visited a Korean optometric clinic for mean months (13 to 54 months) since June of 2001. Mean age of subjects at first visit was months. Non-cycloplegic refractive error were measured 6 times using Canon RK-3(Japan) every mean 6 months. Results: For all subjects mean of refractive errors increased -0.78 D per year from at first visit to at final visit with longitudinal study, but -0.19 D per year with cross-section study, which showed a big difference between two methods. Mean of astigmatic refractive error increased -0.15 D per year. As progression of refractive error according to ages at first visit, refractive errors increased -1.04 D per year for 6 years old, -0.9 D for 7 years old, -0.89 D for 8 years old, -0.89 D for 9 years old, -0.74 D for 10 years old, -0.74 D for 11 years old and -0.72 D for 12 years old. And it showed a tendency that the younger age was the higher progression of myopia. However it was not significantly different between each groups. Conclusions: Follow-up results for myopic children among patients of a Korean optometry clinic showed increase of -0.78 D for myopic refractive error and -0.14 D for astigmatic refractive error per year.
Real time Smart Contracts for IoT using Blockchain and Collaborative Intelligence based Dynamic Pricing for the next generation Smart Toll Application

The confluence of Internet of Things(IoT) , Blockchain(BC) and Artificial Intelligence(AI) acts as a key accelerator for enabling Machine Economy. To be ready for future businesses these technologies needs to be adapted by extending the IoT capabilities to Economy of Things (EoT) capabilities. In this paper we focus on one such implementation experience for Smart Toll Transaction application in the domain of mobility. Our paper showcases a possible solution by leveraging negotiations, decision making, distributed learning capabilities at the devices level using AI-enabled Multi-Agent Systems and the real-time smart contracts between the Cars and Tolls using Blockchain. This solution also showcases the monetization of real time data coming from various IoT devices which are part of vehicles and infrastructure. While blockchain secures the privacy of the participants it also acts as an economic transactional layer and governance layer between the devices in the networ