Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What does the preterm infant breathe for? Controversies on apnea of prematurity

The straightforward answer to the question why do we breathe? is: we breathe to supply the tissue with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. Breathing also plays a role in a number of behavioral acts; like speaking, singing and expressing emotions (1). It is less obvious why the fetus makes breathing movements. Its ventilation of lung liquid is episodic and is to a lesser extent related to metabolism (2). During hypoxia it is inhibited rather than stimulated. Fetal breathing movements are probably important for normal lung growth and development (3). What about the too early exteriorized fetus-the preterm infant? It must breathe to be oxygenated and remove C02. On the other hand its control of respiration is still intended to intrauterine life and often interrupted by apnea. As in the fetus, hypoxia has a predominantly inhibitory effect on respiratory movements (4), which is an adequate response in the fetus to save oxygen but less so in the preterm infant. To what extent should apnea in preterm infants be regarded as pathological or a normal phenomenon with regard to prematurity, providing there is no underlying disease precipitating apnea? Are these apneas mainly due to immaturity of the respiratory control, or are they remnants of residual inhibition from fetal life? Should we give xanthine derivates routinely to treat apnea? In this viewpoint I argue for a more physiological approach in the case of apneas of prematurity and urge some caution against the widespread use of xanthine derivates. Two more general reviews on apnea of prematurity have recently been published ( 5 , 6).
Marked shrinkage of amyloid lymphadenopathy after an intensive chemotherapy in a patient with IgM-associated AL amyloidosis

A male patient with primary AL amyloidosis who had been suffering from systemic lymphadenopathy with IgMκ-type M-proteinemia received two courses of VAD and high-dose melphalan with in vivo elimination of CD20+ cells using rituximab followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Four years after complete hematological remission he showed marked reduction in size of the amyloid-laden lymph nodes. Deposits of AL amyloid may regress from the tissue if the chemotherapy succeeds in persistent inhibition of the production of an amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain.
Sur l’origine fongique des galles observées chez les Eucalyptus

Objectif : Dans la litterature, les galles observees sur les feuilles et les tiges des Eucalyptus sont attribuees a Leptocybe invasa (guepe a galles) et aux champignons du genre Alternaria ( A. tenuis ). Dans cette etude, nous avons essaye de preciser si l’isolement des Alternaria a partir des symptomes observes peut induire le developpement des galles sur les feuilles des plantes d’Eucalyptus sp. Methodologie et resultats : Sur milieu Potato Sucrose Agar, des isolements ont ete effectues a partir des galles observees sur les feuilles d’Eucalyptus. Pour l’etude du pouvoir pathogene, des inoculations artificielles ont ete realisees a l’aide d’ Alternaria tenuis sur les differentes especes d’Eucalyptus. Les resultats obtenus des isolements realises ont montre la presence d’Alternaria tenuis, Les lesions foliaires ainsi que les galles des feuilles âgees peuvent heberger Alternaria. Par contre, les isolements etaient negatifs a partir des galles jeunes de couleur rouge. Alternaria tenuis , isole des lesions infectees, induit, apres inoculation des plants d’Eucalyptus, la formation des lesions foliaires. Les indices foliaires varient entre 7,5 et 17,5%. Toutes les lesions developpees sont sporulantes. Le developpement des galles n’a pas ete observe. Conclusion et application de resultats : Les galles observees sur les feuilles et les petioles des plants d’Eucalyptus ne sont pas induits par les Alternaria tenuis . Par contre, les representants de ces champignons sont capables d’induire des lesions sur les feuilles des plants d’Eucalyptus. Mots cles: Eucalyptus, galles, Alternaria, Postulat de Koch.
Common Requirements Problems, Their Negative Consequences, and the Industry Best Practices to Help Solve Them

In this column, I summarize the 12 worst of the most common requirements engineering problems I have observed over many years working on and with real projects as a requirements engineer, consultant, trainer, and evaluator. I also list the negative consequences of these problems, and most importantly suggest some industry best practices that can help you avoid these problems, or at least fix them once they have raised their ugly heads. Although there is nothing really new here, these problems are well worth revisiting because they are still far too common, probably because the associated industry best practices are still far from being widely put into practice.
Study on Inter-area Oscillation Frequency of Power Systems

Inter-area oscillation analysis is very important in power system stability research. There are many factors influencing inter-area oscillation. The relationships between various factors and inter-area oscillation are very complex. Most current studies on the relationships are quite limited, without enough theoretical analysis. Using theoretical deduction, this paper focuses on the frequency of inter-area oscillation from two aspects: power network structure and network operating conditions. Based on the concept and the deduction of eigenvalue sensitivity with respect to inter-area transfer admittance and inter-area relative angle, the influences of power grid interconnection tightness and inter-area transfer power on the frequency of inter-area oscillation are analyzed. Two illustrative examples, i.e. four-generator two-area system and the interconnected system of Northeast China and North China Power Grid are presented. They verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Three-dimensional microwave tomography: initial experimental imaging of animals

The purpose of this study was to construct a microwave tomographic system capable of conducting experiments with whole scale biological objects and to demonstrate the feasibility of microwave tomography for imaging such objects using a canine model. Experiments were conducted using a three-dimensional (3-D) microwave tomographic system with working chamber dimensions of 120 cm in diameter and 135 cm in height. The operating frequency was 0.9 GHz. The object under study was located in the central area of the tomographic chamber filled with a salt solution. Experimentally measured attenuation of the electromagnetic field through the thorax was about -120 dB. To obtain images, we used various two-dimensional and 3-D reconstruction schemes. Images of the canine were obtained. In spite of imperfections, the images represent a significant milestone in the development of microwave tomography for whole body imaging and demonstrate its feasibility.
Performance Comparison between an MRF Damper and an MRE Isolator Incorporated with a Building Structure

As an important member of smart materials, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) exhibit characteristics that their modulus can be controlled by an external magnetic field. Based on these experimental results, a viscoelastic solid model with four parameters was proposed to predict the performance of MRE. A building model, three stories high, was constructed using MATLAB SIMULINK to evaluate the performance of an MRE device in structural control. In addition, the performance of an MRF damper and an MRE device in structural control, where the resultant peak force was selected as a criterion in the evaluation process, was compared and discussed. Two controllers, passive on and passive off control strategy were used to compare the response of structure. The effectiveness of an MRE bearing in structural control was well justified.
Counting calories in cormorants: dynamic body acceleration predicts daily energy expenditure measured in pelagic cormorants

ABSTRACT The integral of the dynamic component of acceleration over time has been proposed as a measure of energy expenditure in wild animals. We tested that idea by attaching accelerometers to the tails of free-ranging pelagic cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) and simultaneously estimating energy expenditure using doubly labelled water. Two different formulations of dynamic body acceleration, [vectorial and overall DBA (VeDBA and ODBA)], correlated with mass-specific energy expenditure (both R2=0.91). VeDBA models combining and separately parameterizing flying, diving, activity on land and surface swimming were consistently considered more parsimonious than time budget models and showed less variability in model fit. Additionally, we observed evidence for the presence of hypometabolic processes (i.e. reduced heart rate and body temperature; shunting of blood away from non-essential organs) that suppressed metabolism in cormorants while diving, which was the most metabolically important activity. We concluded that a combination of VeDBA and physiological processes accurately measured energy expenditure for cormorants. Summary: A doubly labelled water method validates the use of dynamic body acceleration in estimating energy expenditure of a foot-propelled diving homeotherm capable of flight in the wild.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults.

BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an increasingly recognized cause of illness in adults. Data on the epidemiology and clinical effects in community-dwelling elderly persons and high-risk adults can help in assessing the need for vaccine development. METHODS During four consecutive winters, we evaluated all respiratory illnesses in prospective cohorts of healthy elderly patients (> or =65 years of age) and high-risk adults (those with chronic heart or lung disease) and in patients hospitalized with acute cardiopulmonary conditions. RSV infection and influenza A were diagnosed on the basis of culture, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and serologic studies. RESULTS A total of 608 healthy elderly patients and 540 high-risk adults were enrolled in prospective surveillance, and 1388 hospitalized patients were enrolled. A total of 2514 illnesses were evaluated. RSV infection was identified in 102 patients in the prospective cohorts and 142 hospitalized patients, and influenza A was diagnosed in 44 patients in the prospective cohorts and 154 hospitalized patients. RSV infection developed annually in 3 to 7 percent of healthy elderly patients and in 4 to 10 percent of high-risk adults. Among healthy elderly patients, RSV infection generated fewer office visits than influenza; however, the use of health care services by high-risk adults was similar in the two groups. In the hospitalized cohort, RSV infection and influenza A resulted in similar lengths of stay, rates of use of intensive care (15 percent and 12 percent, respectively), and mortality (8 percent and 7 percent, respectively). On the basis of the diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification at discharge, RSV infection accounted for 10.6 percent of hospitalizations for pneumonia, 11.4 percent for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 5.4 percent for congestive heart failure, and 7.2 percent for asthma. CONCLUSIONS RSV infection is an important illness in elderly and high-risk adults, with a disease burden similar to that of nonpandemic influenza A in a population in which the prevalence of vaccination for influenza is high. An effective RSV vaccine may offer benefits for these adults.
On-board printed handset antenna with coupled monopoles

A multiband coupled on-board printed handset antenna capable of providing wideband operation for GSM 1800/1900, UMTS and LTE 2300/2500 is presented. Antenna consists of coupling monopole resonators which are extended from the feed and main ground plan to accommodate integration with circuit board of mobile handset. Antenna can easily be fabricated with the help of extended line and ground without disturbing main circuit board of handset, considering the presence of protruded components over circuit board. The antenna design uses fork-shaped monopole coupling resonators extended from active element and ground plane. These resonators along with prolonged length from patch and ground, as a function of resonating wavelength, control the bandwidth of antenna. Monopoles driven from patch and ground contribute the lowest and higher order resonant modes to form three wide operating bands centered at about 1800, 2500 and 5200MHz to cover GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500. The results of this study confirmed that extended planner monopoles couple to form lower and higher resonant modes. This study provides new understanding on coupling monopole resonators and their application in handset antenna designing.
Modeling Multimodal Human-Computer Interaction: Semiotics, Proxemics and Kinesics

In multimedia computing environments, user interfaces need to deal with input and output from diverse data modalities such as text, sound/speech, images and pointing devices. In theater and drama, information is presented to the audience via oral (and, in some cases, written) text, gestures and stage settings. By viewing theater and drama as metaphors for human-computer communication, some of the theorerical approaches used in the analysis of the communicational aspects of theater and drama can also be advantageously applied to the modeling and analysis of human-computer interaction.
Unraveling the Consecutive Recombination Events in the Human IGK Locus1

In addition to the classical Vκ-Jκ, Vκ-κ deleting element (Kde), and intron-Kde gene rearrangements, atypical recombinations involving Jκ recombination signal sequence (RSS) or intronRSS elements can occur in the Igκ (IGK) locus, as observed in human B cell malignancies. In-depth analysis revealed that atypical JκRSS-intronRSS, Vκ-intronRSS, and JκRSS-Kde recombinations not only occur in B cell malignancies, but rather reflect physiological gene rearrangements present in normal human B cells as well. Excision circle analysis and recombination substrate assays can discriminate between single-step vs multistep rearrangements. Using this combined approach, we unraveled that the atypical Vκ-intronRSS and JκRSS-Kde pseudohybrid joints most probably result from ongoing recombination following an initial aberrant JκRSS-intronRSS signal joint formation. Based on our observations in normal and malignant human B cells, a model is presented to describe the sequential (classical and atypical) recombination events in the human IGK locus and their estimated relative frequencies (0.2–1.0 vs <0.03). The initial JκRSS-intronRSS signal joint formation (except for Jκ1RSS-intronRSS) might be a side event of an active V(D)J recombination mechanism, but the subsequent formation of Vκ-intronRSS and JκRSS-Kde pseudohybrid joints can represent an alternative pathway for IGK allele inactivation and allelic exclusion, in addition to classical Cκ deletions. Although usage of this alternative pathway is limited, it seems essential for inactivation of those IGK alleles that have undergone initial aberrant recombinations, which might otherwise hamper selection of functional Ig L chain proteins.
swLORETA: a novel approach to robust source localization and synchronization tomography

Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) is a widely used technique for source localization. However, this technique still has some limitations, especially under realistic noisy conditions and in the case of deep sources. To overcome these problems, we present here swLORETA, an improved version of sLORETA, obtained by incorporating a singular value decomposition-based lead field weighting. We show that the precision of the source localization can further be improved by a tomographic phase synchronization analysis based on swLORETA. The phase synchronization analysis turns out to be superior to a standard linear coherence analysis, since the latter cannot distinguish between real phase locking and signal mixing.
The Hawaii Vietnam Veterans Project: Is Minority Status a Risk Factor for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?

The Hawaii Vietnam Veterans Project (HVVP) was congressionally mandated as a follow-up to the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) to assess current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Hawaii Vietnam Veterans Project used the original two-stage NVVRS design in which a lay interview, conducted with a large sample, was followed by a clinical interview with a smaller subsample. Reported results are from the clinical subsample consisting of 100 Native Hawaiian and 102 American of Japanese ancestry veterans compared with white veterans from the NVVRS cohort. The major finding is that veterans of Japanese ancestry exhibited significantly lower prevalence of current full, current partial, and lifetime full PTSD than white veterans. Adjustment for age and war zone exposure did not eliminate most of these differences. These results indicate that minority status per se is not a risk factor for PTSD.
Compact Multibranch Inverted-F Antenna to be Embedded in a Laptop Computer for LTE/WWAN/IMT-E Applications

A multibranch inverted-F antenna with multiband operations for long-term evolution (LTE), pentaband wireless wide area network (WWAN) and IMT-E (2.6 GHz) applications is presented. The antenna consists of multibranch strips and is fabricated on a direct bond copper (DBC) substrate, which has a compact size of 96 (L) × 11.2 (W) × 0.5 (H) mm3 to be embedded in the laptop computer as an internal antenna. Three operating bands covering 663-993, 1689-2190, and 2449-2783 MHz for the LTE, GSM850/900 and DCS/PCS/UMTS, and IMT-E systems are achieved with good radiation efficiencies. The proposed antenna can be embedded in the laptop computer for the LTE, WWAN, and IMT-E applications.
Basal insulin combined incretin mimetic therapy with glucagon-like protein 1 receptor agonists as an upcoming option in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a practical guide to decision making

The combination of basal insulin and glucagon-like protein 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is a new intriguing therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes. In our daily practice we abbreviate this therapeutic concept with the term BIT (basal insulin combined incretin mimetic therapy) in a certain analogy to BOT (basal insulin supported oral therapy). In most cases BIT is indeed an extension of BOT, if fasting, prandial or postprandial blood glucose values have not reached the target range. In our paper we discuss special features of combinations of short- or prandial-acting and long- or continuous-acting GLP-1 RAs like exenatide, lixisenatide and liraglutide with basal insulin in relation to different glycemic targets. Overall it seems appropriate to use a short-acting GLP-1 RA if, after the near normalization of fasting blood glucose with BOT, the prandial or postprandial values are elevated. A long-acting GLP-1 RA might well be given, if fasting blood glucose values are the problem. Based on pathophysiological findings, recent clinical studies and our experience with BIT and BOT as well as BOTplus we developed chart-supported algorithms for decision making, including features and conditions of patients. The development of these practical tools was guided by the need for a more individualized antidiabetic therapy and the availability of the new BIT principle.
Role of Resilience Among Nazi Holocaust Survivors: A Strength‐based Paradigm for Understanding Survivorship

This article reports preliminary results of a Templeton Foundation–funded research project on the role of resiliency and forgiveness in 133 elderly Holocaust survivors. We use resilience theory to explore how individuals heal following exposure to an adverse event. We present preliminary findings on survivors' perceptions of their resiliency before, during, and after the Holocaust and suggest a paradigm shift to one in which maintaining competence is primary. In subsequent publications, we will synthesize the frameworks that comprise survivorship to create a model. These findings inform mental health care practitioners' understanding of factors that buffer against the effects of adverse events.
Cellular prion protein promotes glucose uptake through the Fyn‐HIF‐2α‐Glut1 pathway to support colorectal cancer cell survival

Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored membrane protein that has various physical functions, including protection against apoptotic and oxidative stress, cellular uptake of copper ions, transmembrane signaling, and adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In this study, we show that PrPc is highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Transcriptome profiling of PrPc‐depleted DLD‐1 cells revealed downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). PrPc is shown to be involved in regulating Glut1 expression through the Fyn‐HIF‐2α pathway. As Glut1 is the natural transporter of glucose and is required for the high glycolytic rate seen in colorectal tumors, silencing of PrPc reduced the proliferation and survival rate of colorectal cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, knockdown of PrPc by hydrodynamic injection with a cocktail of PrPc–shRNA‐encoding plasmids also inhibited tumorigenicity in a xenograft model in nude mice. In summary, our data characterize a novel molecular mechanism that links PrPc expression to the regulation of glycolysis. Targeting PrPc will therefore be a promising strategy to overcome the growth and survival advantage in colorectal tumors. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 400–406)
Design and Analysis of Force-Sensor-Less Power-Assist Control

Due to the recent trend of the application of robots and other mechatronic devices to human life support, the force control draws more attention than ever. However, to use force sensors in all the required cases makes the system not only expensive but also bulky. Force-sensor-less power-assist control (FSPAC) which uses only encoders to obtain the external force information and provides force control performance can address this problem. Due to its simplicity and wide application, FSPAC is an essential technology to control a motor in a human-friendly way, but the design of FSPAC is different from the conventional feedback controllers so a new design methodology needs to be established. In order to attack this problem, this paper generalizes and analyzes the structure and characteristics of FSPAC. The generalized structure reveals how FSPAC can achieve the assistance, and the transfer function analysis based on the structure addresses the robustness and assistance performance evaluation problems. The robustness of FSPAC is analyzed in terms of the gain margin and robust stability, and the limitation of the power assistance to guarantee the robust stability is derived. Then, the evaluation way of feedback control design in FSPAC is provided. All the discussion in this paper provides the readers with understanding and appropriate design methodology of FSPAC.