Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Conserved 3′-Untranslated Element Mediates Growth Regulation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 and Inhibits Its Transforming Activity*

Ectopic expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) has been proposed to play an important role in cancer.dnmt1 mRNA is undetectable in growth-arrested cells but is induced upon entrance into the S phase of the cell cycle, and until now, the mechanisms responsible for this regulation were unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of the dnmt1 mRNA can confer a growth-dependent regulation on its own message as well as a heterologous β-globin mRNA. Our results indicate that a 54-nucleotide highly conserved element within the 3′-UTR is necessary and sufficient to mediate this regulation. Cell-free mRNA decay experiments demonstrate that this element increases mRNA turnover rates and does so to a greater extent in the presence of extracts prepared from arrested cells. A specific RNA-protein complex is formed with the 3′-UTR only in growth-arrested cells, and a UV cross-linking analysis revealed a 40-kDa protein (p40), the binding of which is dramatically increased in growth-arrested cells and is inversely correlated with dnmt1 mRNA levels as cells are induced into the cell cycle. Although ectopic expression of humanDNMT1 lacking the 3′-UTR can transform NIH-3T3 cells, inclusion of the 3′-UTR prevents transformation. These results support the hypothesis that deregulated expression of DNMT1with the cell cycle is important for cellular transformation.
4:2 and 5:2 Decimal Compressors

Decimal compressors are essential components for partial product addition facilitating decimal multipliers. In this paper improved design and architectures of 4:2 and 5:2 high speed compressors have been reported. Binary full adders, optimized unconventional (non binary coded decimal) recoding scheme, have been used to implement basic digit compressor. Cascaded operations of the basic digit compressors have been used to implement the higher order like 4:2 and 5:2 decimal compressors which ensures the high speed operations. Configurations of decimal compressors (4:2 and 5:2) have been prototyped and simulated to evaluate performance parameters like speed (propagation delay), power dissipation, power-delay product and energy delay product. The simulation have been carried out in Cadence Specter using 90nm technology reveled the propagation delay of the resulted compressors were ~41ns and ~61ns respectively. Moreover reported architecture offered ~38% improvement in speed compared with the best reported architecture so far for 5:2 compressor.
Fully Abstract Denotational Models for Nonuniform Concurrent Languages

This paper investigates full abstraction of denotational model w.r. t. operational ones for two concurrent languages. The languages are nonuniform in the sense that the meaning of atomic statements generally depends on the current state. The first language, L1, has parallel composition but no communication, whereas the second one, L2, has CSP-like communications in addition. For each of Li (i = 1, 2), an operational model Oi is introduced in terms of a Plotkin-style transition system, while a denotational model Di for Li is defined compositionally using interpreted operations of the language, with meanings of recursive programs as fixed points in appropriate complete metric spaces. The full abstraction is shown by means of a context with parallel composition: Given two statements s1 and s2 with different denotational meanings, a suitable statement T is constructed such that the operational meanings of s1 ? T and s2 ? T are distinct. A combinatorial method for constructing such T is proposed. Thereby the full abstraction of D1 and D2 w.r. t. O1 and O2, respectively, is established. That is, Di is most abstract of those models C which are compositional and satisfy Oi = ? C for some abstraction function ? (i = 1, 2).
Body composition of 80-years old men and women and its relation to muscle strength, physical activity and functional ability.

OBJECTIVE To measure body composition and analyse the relation to muscle strength, physical activity and functional ability in healthy, old subjects, and to relate the results to an optimal BMI level for the elderly. SETTING Subjects aged 80 years living at home from the 1914-population in Glostrup, Denmark. SUBJECTS AND METHOD 121 men and 113 women had their height and weight measured. Body fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Muscle strength was measured as handgrip, elbow flexion, knee extension, body flexion and body extension. Physical activity was self reported and functional ability was assessed by the Physical Performance Test (PPT) and self reported mobility including information about tiredness and help. RESULTS After dividing BMI into three groups: BMI < 24, BMI 24-29 and BMI > 29 no relationship was seen between a BMI interval of 24-29 kg/m2, and physical activity and functional ability. BMI was related to body fat mass, and FFM was related to muscle strength. Muscle strength was related to mobility and PPT. Mobility and PPT were mutually related and were related to physical activity. CONCLUSION Our cross sectional study did not support newly proposed guidelines for the elderly of an optimal BMI interval of 24-29 kg/m2. We found relations between body composition, muscle strength, physical activity and functional ability.
Electromyographic Evaluation of Mandibular Biomechanic

El estudio de la biomecanica craneomandibular se relaciona con el sistema de palanca predominante y la relacion entre la funcion y deformaciones mecanicamente inducidas. Este estudio tuvo el proposito de evaluar la dinamica muscular de la masticacion en la superficie electromiografica en 17 personas de ambos sexos, con edad media de 25 anos, de piel blanca y que presentaban clase I de Angle, sin aparentes signos y sintomas. Los datos electromiograficos fueron obtenidos bilateralmente desde los musculos maseteros, la porcion anterior del musculo temporal en posicion de descanso y en posicion isometrica. Electrodos bipolares de superficie pasiva Medtrace ® fueron utilizados acoplados a un pre-amplificador, formando un circuito que corresponde a un circuito diferencial. Los registros de las senales electricas fueron capturados por el equipo EMG- 800C de Brazil EMG System Ltda. con 8 canales, frecuencia de muestreo de 2 KH y 16 bits de resolucion, un filtro digital con una banda de paso de 20-500 Hz. La comparacion fue hecha mediante "t" Student o la prueba Man-Whitney de acuerdo con la normalidad o no, de la distribucion, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron importantes diferencias entre las tareas realizadas, pero sin dimorfismo sexual. Todos estos resultados muestran a la actividad electrica del musculo temporal en su porcion anterior, mayor que el musculo masetero en posicion de reposo, y que el musculo masetero presenta un mayor potencial de accion que la parte anterior del musculo temporal en posicion isometrica.
Acquisition Profiles of Syllable-initial Consonants in Mandarin-speaking Children with Cochlear Implants

Objectives—To examine the production and discrimination skills of Mandarin initial-consonant syllables in children with cochlear implants (CIs), as a function of both age at implantation and length of CI experience. In addition, we also aimed to evaluate the relationship between these children's perception and production profiles. Material and Methods—Thirty prelingually deaf children aged between 6 years 0 months and 12 years 6 months who received their implants between the ages of 2 years 3 months and 10 years 3 months participated. The ability of the children to produce the 21 Mandarin initial-consonant syllables were elicited using a set of 105 pictures. In addition, the 21 consonants were arranged into 16 minimal pairs to determine the children's discrimination skills by asking them to accurately identify the target consonants. Results—The children's mean accurate consonant production score was 57.9% (SD 19.5%) and the average correct consonant discrimination score was 76.67% (SD 11.18%), which was significantly higher than the 50% chance level [t (29) = 13.07; p <0.001]. There were significant negative correlations between the performance level of consonant production and both age at implantation and length of CI experience. Children who received their implants at a younger age (< 6 years) tended to demonstrate an acquisition profile similar to that of children with normal hearing, i.e. the production and perception skills tended toward near-synchronization, and the mastery of production slightly preceded that of perception. Conclusion—This report demonstrates that early implantation is associated with a near-synchronous acquisition profile of the production and discrimination of Mandarin consonants, which is similar to that of normal-hearing children at a younger age. Specifically, early implantation can promote children's production skills of Mandarin initial-consonant syllables.
Regulation and genetics of bacterial nitrogen fixation.

KLEBSIELLA . Control of Nitrogen Fixation Repression by fixed nitrogen . Repression by 0] . Requirement of Mo for nitrogenase synthesis . N] as an inducer of nitrogenase synthesis .
Comparative kinetic analysis of FLP and cre recombinases: mathematical models for DNA binding and recombination.

The integrase class site specific recombinases FLP from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cre from bacteriophage P1, have been extensively used to direct DNA rearrangements in heterologous organisms. Although their reaction mechanisms have been relatively well characterised, little comparative analysis of the two enzymes has been published. We present a comparative kinetic analysis of FLP and Cre, which identifies important differences. Gel mobility shift assays show that Cre has a higher affinity for its target, loxP (7. 4x10(10) M-1), than FLP for its target, FRT (8.92x10(8) M-1). We show that both recombinases bind the two halves of their target sites cooperatively, and that Cre shows approximately threefold higher cooperativity than FLP. Using a mathematical model describing the sequential binding of recombinase monomers to DNA, we have determined values for the association and dissociation rate constants for FLP and Cre.FLP and Cre also showed different characteristics in in vitro recombination assays. In particular, approximately tenfold more active FLP was required than Cre to optimally recombine a given quantity of excision substrate. FLP was able to reach maximum excision levels approaching 100%, whilst Cre-mediated excision did not exceed 75%. To investigate possible reasons for these differences a mathematical model describing the excision recombination reaction was established. Using measured DNA binding parameters for FLP and Cre in the model, and comparing simulated and experimental recombination data, the values of the remaining unknown parameters were determined. This analysis indicates that the synaptic complex is more stable for Cre than for FLP.
Exploring the complex world of RNA regulation

The discovery of catalytic RNAs in the early 1980s (T. Cech and S. Altman, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1989) entirely changed our views about the roles that RNA molecules are capable of playing. This breakthrough entailed a remarkable increase in knowledge about the folding of RNA molecules and their functional activities. Today, after the discovery of RNAi (RNA interference) (A. Fire and G. Mello, Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology, 2006), the role of novel ncRNAs (non-coding RNAs) in the regulation of gene expression and genome stability has become a major topic of interest. This issue (January 2008) begins a series of review articles, which will appear over several issues, providing insights into the integration of novel RNA-based regulatory networks in the cellular context in eukaryotes – animals and plants – as well as in prokaryotes, and into the many mechanisms of action that emphasize the versatility of RNA structure and function. Several exciting parallels become apparent when regulatory RNAs and their mechanisms are compared between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Current knowledge suggests that RNA-based mechanisms are involved in all central processes of gene expression: from transcription, mRNA processing and transport, to translation and degradation. Several reviews highlight the direct role of RNAs in epigenetic gene silencing and transcriptional control (Barrandon et al.; Kim and Breaker; Royo and Cavaillé). Mammalian genomic imprinting is one of the epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms
Studies of Onia and Strangeness Production in Proton-proton Collisions at LHCb

Studies of strangeness and quarkonia production in the forward region provide important input to the understanding of QCD models in a kinematic range where they have large uncertainties. The LHCb experiment has collected a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 3 fb−1 in proton-proton collisions at = 7 and 8 TeV, as well as smaller samples recorded with other LHC operating modes. The latest studies of the production of kaons, A baryons, and quarkonia states are presented.
Unauthorized immigration to the United States.

"This paper surveys research on the size of the undocumented immigrant population in the United States, the causes and consequences of illegal migrant flows, public attitudes toward unauthorized migrants, and the history of attempts to control the volume of undocumented migration. It concludes that there are powerful push and pull factors that create and sustain the volume of unauthorized migration, that there is little evidence that undocumented migrants have negative labor market consequences despite what the general public thinks, that U.S. policy has been largely powerless to make a permanent dent in undocumented immigration, and that the current level of clandestine U.S. immigration may not be far from what society might view as socially optimal. "
West Nile Virus Encephalitis 16 Years Later

Arboviruses (Arthropod‐borne viruses) include several families of viruses (Flaviviridae, Togaviradae, Bunyaviradae, Reoviradae) that are spread by arthropod vectors, most commonly mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies. The RNA genome allows these viruses to rapidly adapt to ever‐changing host and environmental conditions. Thus, these virus families are largely responsible for the recent expansion in geographic range of emerging viruses including West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus and Chikungunya virus. This review will focus on WNV, especially as it has progressively spread westward in North America since its introduction in New York in 1999. By 2003, WNV infections in humans had reached almost all lower 48 contiguous United States (US) and since that time, fluctuations in outbreaks have occurred. Cases decreased between 2008 and 2011, followed by a dramatic flair in 2012, with the epicenter in the Dallas‐Fort Worth region of Texas. The 2012 outbreak was associated with an increase in reported neuroinvasive cases. Neuroinvasive disease continues to be a problem particularly in the elderly and immunocompromised populations, although WNV infections also represented the second most frequent cause of pediatric encephalitis in these same years. Neuropathological features in cases from the 2012 epidemic highlight the extent of viral damage that can occur in the CNS.
Prevalence of speech problems in junior and senior high schools.

The prevalence of speech problems in a junior and senior high-school population was studied. Speech problems were observed in 5.5% of 5054 junior and senior highschool students in the Tuscaloosa, Alabama, City Schools. Stuttering and articulatory disorders were the most frequently observed speech disorders, each having an incidence of 2.1%.
Effect of phospholipid enrichment on nystatin action: differences in antibiotic sensitivity between in vivo and in vitro conditions.

Polyene-nystatin had a selective effect on the transport of glutamic acid and lysine in phosphatidylcholine-, or phosphatidylethanolamine-enriched cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, liposomes prepared from lipid extracts from the same cells did not mimic the results of in vivo studies. Our in vitro results demonstrated that factors other than sterols, e.g. phospholipid enrichment, protein lipid interactions and lipid bilayer asymmetry may also affect the overall susceptibility of polyene antibiotics.
Separation Behavior for Parturition of Red Angus Beef Cows

Increased predation losses in beef cattle in the Northern Rocky Mountains raise the importance of research concerning maternal behavior around the time of parturition. Separation behavior of multiparous cows at parturition was studied by measuring the distance (m) between the birth place and the main herd with a GPS device. Age of cows and forehead hair whorl pattern (HW) were analyzed as possible factors affecting separation distance. A total of 333 cows (95% Red Angus and 5% Angus × Hereford commercial crossbreds; age range: 3 - 6 yrs) were studied. Separation distance was determined by approaching the cow-calf pair with a utility vehicle that gradually decreased the distance to the pair. The geographic coordinates per pair were recorded and the separation distance was calculated as a straight line between each pair and the main herd. The HW on the forehead of each animal was used as a measure of individual differences in temperament. Age and HW were collected when the animals were held in a squeeze chute. HW was classified into one of six groups: high, middle, low, abnormal, multiple HWs and no HW. The age of a cow influenced the separation distance for parturition (P < 0.001). Four-year-old cows were on average about 150 m further away than other aged cows when calving. Eighty-eight percent of cows separated more than 100 m from the herd. The hair whorl position had no influence on the separation distance (P = 0.405). Distinct separation behavior for parturition was observed in this herd which appears to be an innate behavior that is influenced by the individual temperament of the cow.
Economic, Labor, and Regulatory Moderators of the Effect of Individual Placement and Support Among People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

As Individual Placement and Support (IPS) has become the international standard for vocational rehabilitation of adults with serious mental illness, researchers must consider the relationship between IPS and local environments. This meta-analysis used mixed-effects meta-regressions to assess the impact of site-level moderators on the likelihood that IPS recipients, compared with recipients of alternative vocational services, achieved competitive employment. Potential moderators included change in gross domestic product (GDP), local unemployment and unionization rates, and indices describing employment protection regulations, level of disability benefits compensation, and efforts to integrate people with disabilities into the workforce. Regulatory moderators represent facilitators and barriers to employment that may reinforce or detract from the effectiveness of IPS. Across 30 sites drawn from 21 randomized controlled trials in 12 countries (33% in the United States), IPS recipients were 2.31 (95% CI 1.99-2.69) times more likely to find competitive employment than recipients of alternative vocational rehabilitation services. The significant competitive-employment rate advantage of IPS over control services increased in the presence of weaker employment protection legislation and integration efforts, and less generous disability benefits. Policy makers should recognize and account for the fact that labor and disability regulations can create an arrangement of incentives that reduces the relative efficacy of supported employment.
Hereditary Dominance of Fast-Twitch Fibers in Skeletal Muscles and Relation of Thyroid Hormone under Physiological Conditions in Rats

To investigate whether muscle fiber compositions of various skeletal muscles were correlated with each other and whether muscle fiber type composition was related to the serum thyroid hormone level, fast-twitch fiber dominant rats (FFDR), which had a higher percentage of fast-twitch (FT) fibers in the deep portion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle (GAS), were compared to a control group. The FFDR group was obtained by the selective breeding for high-percentage FT fibers in the GAS, and the control group was obtained by random breeding from the same base population. The percentages of FT fibers of the GAS, soleus (SOL), vastus intermedius (VI), biceps brachii (BB), rectus abdominis (RA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were analyzed. The percentages of FT fibers of the GAS, SOL, VI and BB in the FFDR group were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05), and percent FT fibers of the GAS were significantly correlated with those of the SOL (r = 0.62, p<0.01), VI (r = 0.45, p <0.05) and BB (r = 0.43, p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant differences between FFDR and the control group and no significant correlations with the GAS were observed in percent FT fibers of the RA and EDL. The total 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) level in FFDR was not significantly different from the control group and was not significantly correlated with the percentage of FT fibers. These data suggest that the percentages of FT fibers of various skeletal muscles are genetically correlated with each other, but some FT muscles are not because they might be close to the upper limits of the genetic adaptive range. In addition, percentages of FT fibers are independent of the total T3 level under physiological conditions.
Directing Attention of Convolutional Neural Networks

In object detection, often regions of interest are cropped from the input image and then classified by a convolutional neural network . Another approach is to crop regions of interest from the output feature maps of a convolutional neural network and use those extracted features for classification. By cropping regions of interest, whether it is from the input image or from the feature maps, valuable contextual information is discarded and not taken into account during classification. In this thesis a method to explicitly direct the attention of convolutional neural networks is proposed, the Directed Attention CNN (DACNN). The directing of attention is achieved by using binary masks that define what is foreground, a region of interest, and what is background, the context of the region of interest. These binary masks are simply concatenated to the input of a CNN and to the intermediate outputs of the convolutional layers in the CNN. Since the regions of interest are not cropped, no information is disregarded. Both the contextual information and the information in the region of interest can be used for classification. The theoretical basis of DACNNs is proven using the MNIST dataset and several variations of that dataset. It is shown that the DACNN is able to focus its attention on one specific digit when four digits are shown. Also, it is shown that the DACNN can use information from the context to improve classification performance. Finally, the performance of the DACNN is evaluated on realistic data from PASCAL VOC 2007 and compared with two CNN baselines. The DACNN has a slightly lower performance than one of the baselines in which the region of interest is cropped from the image. However, when an object region is cropped from the full image the classification task becomes translation invariant and thus less complex. The DACNN outperforms the other baseline in which all but the region of interest is blacked out. This baseline is more comparable to the DACNN as both have to deal with translation variance. It is also shown that the DACNN is able to classify regions of interest using only their context information with an accuracy that is more than three times higher than random chance. Thus, the DACNN introduced in this thesis has been shown to improve the performance of object classification using contextual information.