Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glutathione peroxidase activity in different breeds and sexes of chickens during embryonic development up to peak of egg production

Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity was investigated in the liver, red blood cells (RBC) and blood plasma (BP) of different chicken genotypes. Signifi cant differences among genotypes and age groups were found in liver GSHPx activity during embryonic development and in day-old chickens. Breed, sex and age effects were found in RBC and BP from one day of age until peak egg production. A negative correlation was found between embryo liver GSHPx activity and egg weight (-0.24; P≤0.01), between RBC and BP GSHPx activity and body weight (-0.32 and -0.44; P≤0.01), and between liver and RBC GSHPx activity (-0.54; P≤0.01), while positive correlations were demonstrated between liver and BP (0.66; P≤0.01) and BP and RBC (0.32; P≤0.01) GSHPx activity. In conclusion, variation in GSHPx activities in different chicken breeds during development suggests that it is genetically regulated. This fi nding indicates that GSHPx activity may be useful in selection.
Relative Humidity Dependent Resistance Switching of Bi2S3 Nanowires

Electrical properties of Bi2S3 nanowires grown using a single source precursor in anodic aluminum oxide templates are sensitive to the relative humidity in an inert gas environment. Dynamic sensing dependency is obtained and shows presence of spontaneous resistance switching effect between low and high relative humidity states. Employing the thermionic field emission theory, heights of Schottky barriers are estimated from the current-voltage characteristics and in relation to the humidity response. The change of Schottky barrier height is explained by local changes in physically adsorbed water molecules on the surface of the nanowire.
Palaeodemographics of individuals in Dinaledi Chamber using dental remains

Hominin skeletal remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa, represent a minimum of 15 individuals of the extinct species Homo naledi. We examined the dental material from this sample in order to assess the life-history stages of individuals in the sample, in particular to determine the minimum number of individuals in the sample as a whole, and within each of six age classes. We found evidence of individuals within every age class: infant, early juvenile, late juvenile, subadult, young adult and old adult. The Dinaledi Chamber sample is notable in comparison to other samples of human, chimpanzee and fossil hominins in that it has a relatively high representation of juvenile remains, as compared to infants and adults. With 15 individuals, the sample size presented by the Dinaledi dental material is too small to test the hypothesis of attritional versus catastrophic accumulation. The data here provide a basis for further investigation of individual associations within this commingled assemblage, and provide an important comparative data set as a basis for the consideration of life history in H. naledi and other extinct hominin populations. Significance: We identified a minimum number individuals so far recovered in the assemblage and document the use of molar eruptions as biomarkers of life-history stages to sort the individuals into age classes. We provide a demographic profile of individuals from the chamber and establish a comparative data set for life history in extinct hominin populations.
A Viscosity Approach to Stochastic Differential Games of Control and Stopping Involving Impulsive Control

This paper analyses a stochastic differential game of control and stopping in which one of the players modifies a diffusion process using impulse controls, an adversary then chooses a stopping time to end the game. The paper firstly establishes the regularity and boundedness of the upper and lower value functions from which an appropriate variant of the dynamic programming principle (DPP) is derived. It is then proven that the upper and lower value functions coincide so that the game admits a value and that the value of the game is a unique viscosity solution to a HJBI equation described by a double obstacle quasi-integro-variational inequality.
Storms influence cattle to graze larkspur: an observation

Livestock producers report cattle deaths from larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning increase during stormy periods. In controlled grazing studies, we observed cattle increase larkspur consumption during stormy weather. Periods of "gluttonous" larkspur consumption generally coincided with storms during a 1990 grazing study. Cattle consumed larkspur almost exclusively for 20-30 min periods during storms, as opposed to intermittent grazing of larkspur flowers, pods, and leaves. In 1991 weather parameters were measured and correlated with larkspur consumption. Larkspur consumption was negatively correlated with decreasing temperature and barometric pressure (r = -0.45 and -0.60 respectively); and positively correlated with increasing relative humidity, leaf wetness, and precipitation (r = 0.45, 0.74, and 0.27, respectively). Understanding consumption patterns of cattle grazing larkspur will aid in developing management strategies to reduce cattle deaths.
Selfadjoint Operators and Generalized Central Algorithms in Frechet Spaces

Abstract The paper gives an extension of the fundamental principles of selfadjoint operators in Fréchet–Hilbert spaces, countable-Hilbert and nuclear Fréchet spaces. Generalizations of the well known theorems of von Neumann, Hellinger–Toeplitz, Friedrichs and Ritz are obtained. Definitions of generalized central and generalized spline algorithms are given. The restriction 𝐴∞ of a selfadjoint operator 𝐴 defined on a dense set 𝐷(𝐴) of the Hilbert space 𝐻 to the Frechet space 𝐷(𝐴∞) is substantiated. The extended Ritz method is used for obtaining an approximate solution of the equation 𝐴∞𝑢 = 𝑓 in the Frechet space 𝐷(𝐴∞). It is proved that approximate solutions of this equation constructed by the extended Ritz method do not depend on the number of norms that generate the topology of the space 𝐷(𝐴∞). Hence this approximate method is both a generalized central and generalized spline algorithm. Examples of selfadjoint and positive definite elliptic differential operators satisfying the above conditions are given. The validity of theoretical results in the case of a harmonic oscillator operator is confirmed by numerical calculations.
A scientific methodology for researching CALL interaction data: Multimodal LEarning and TEaching Corpora

This chapter gives an overview of one possible staged methodology for structuring LCI data by presenting a new scientific object, LEarning and TEaching Corpora (LETEC). Firstly, the chapter clarifies the notion of corpora, used in so many different ways in language studies, and underlines how corpora differ from raw language data. Secondly, using examples taken from actual online learning situations, the chapter illustrates the methodology that is used to collect, transform and organize data from online learning situations in order to make them sharable through open-access repositories. The ethics and rights for releasing a corpus as OpenData are discussed. Thirdly, the authors suggest how the transcription of interactions may become more systematic, and what benefits may be expected from analysis tools, before opening the CALL research perspective applied to LCI towards its applications to teacher-training in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), and the common interests the CALL field shares with researchers in the field of Corpus Linguistics working on CMC.
Determinants of Adherence to Iron and FolateSupplementation among Pregnant Women inWest Iran: A Population Based Cross-SectionalStudy

Background: Iron and/or folate deficiency are prevalent health problems in pregnant women worldwide, especially in less developed countries. Although such a problem could be prevented by an adequate prenatal care including providing iron and folate supplementation, adherence to the prescribed supplementations is still problematic in many nations. Purpose: This study was aimed to assess adherence to Iron and Folate supplementation, and the associated factors, among pregnant women in western, Iran. Design/methodology/approach: This cross-sectional study conducted on 433 pregnant women selected randomly among those (n=8500) attending 40 Health Care Centers in west Iran (2015-2016). A validated questionnaire was used to gather data related to the aim of study including demographic characteristics, compliance to iron/folate and reasons for non-adherence. Using Chi-square, the relationships between outcome variable and predicting variables were assessed. Findings: Participant's ages and their gestational ages were (27.86 ± 5.54 years) (μ ± SD) and (23.29 ± 9.86 weeks), respectively. Adherence and on time, respectively, were 71.6%/28% for Iron, and 81.5%/40% for Folate. Most common cause of non-adherence was forgetfulness and medical sideeffects concerning. Educational status, age and history of anemia were significantly associated with adherence to Folate, against, Iron with a positive association with educational status only. Conclusion: Although adherence to iron and Folate was relatively high, most women had not started taking the supplements at the correct time, mostly due to insensibleness and fear of side effects which could be improved by educating women and providing a strategy remembering women to take their pills on time.
The bright end of the exo-Zodi luminosity function: disc evolution and implications for exo-Earth detectability

We present the first characterisation of the 12µm warm dust (‘exo-Zodi’) luminosity function around Sun-like stars, focusing on the dustiest systems that can be identified by the WISE mission. We use the sample of main-sequence stars observed byHipparcos within 150 pc as an unbiased sample, and report the detection of six new warm dust candidates. The ages of five of these new sources are unknown, meaning that they may be sites of terrestrial planet formation or rare analogues of other old warm dust systems. We show that the dustiest old (>Gyr) systems such as BD+20 307 are 1 in 10 000 occurrences. Bright warm dust is much more common around young (<120 Myr) systems, with a ∼1 per cent occurrence rate. We show that a two component in situ model, where all stars have initially massive warm discs and in which warm debris is also generated at some random time along the stars’ main-sequence lifetime, perhaps due to a collision, can explain the observations. However, if all stars have only initially massive warm discs, then these would not be visible at Gyr ages, and random collisions on the main sequence are too infrequent to explain the high disc occurrence rate for young stars. That is, neither of the components can explain the observations on their own. Despite these conclusions, we cannot rule out an alternative dynamical model in which comets are scattered in from outer regions because the distribution of systems with the appropriate dynamics is unknown. Our in situ model predicts that the fraction of stars with exo-Zodi bright enough to cause problems for future exo-Earth imaging attempts is at least roughly 10 per cent, and is higher for populations of stars younger than a few Gyr. This prediction of roughly 10 per cent also applies to old stars because bright systems like BD+20 307 imply a population of fainter systems that were once bright, but are now decaying through fainter levels. Our prediction should be strongly tested by the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer, which will provide valuable constraints and input for more detailed evolution models. A detection fraction lower than our prediction could indicate that the hot dust in systems like BD+20 307 has a cometary origin due to the quirks of the planetary dynamics. Population models of comet delivery need to be developed to help distinguish between different possible origins of warm dust.
Signature Scheme in the Standard Model *

Bellare et al. provided new definitions of anonymous signature and several constructions that meet the new definitions. They also presented a generic method to transform any standard signature scheme into an anonymous signature scheme by commitment functionality. Their generic transform yields anonymous signature schemes in the standard model. When applying this generic transform to Waters signature scheme, some additional communication overhead are incurred since one has to commit a long bit-string which is the concatenation of a standard signature and the corresponding public key. To address this efficiency issue, we directly transform Waters signature scheme into an efficient anonymous signature scheme. We prove that our construction meets the new definitions by use of code-based games.
Graph-based algorithms for transistor count minimization in VLSI circuit EDA tools

This master’s thesis introduces a set of graph-based algorithms for obtaining reduced transistor count VLSI circuits using simple cells. These algorithms are mainly focused on minimizing node count in AIG representations and mapping this optimized AIG using simple cells (NAND2 and NOR2) with a minimal number of inverters. Due to the AIG node count minimization, the logic sharing is probably highly present in the optimized AIG, what may derive intermediate circuits containing cells with unfeasible fanout in current technology nodes. In order to fix these occurrences, this intermediate circuit is subjected to an algorithm for fanout limitation. The proposed algorithms were applied over a set of benchmark circuits and the obtained results have shown the usefulness of the method. The circuits generated by the methods proposed herein have, in average, 32% less transistor than the previous reference on transistor count using simple cells. Additionally, when comparing the presented results in terms of transistor count against works advocating for complex cells, our results have demonstrated that previous approaches are sometimes far from the minimum transistor count that can be obtained with the efficient use of a reduced cell library composed by only a few number of simple cells. The simple-cells-based circuits obtained after applying the algorithms proposed herein have presented a lower transistor count in many cases when compared to previously published results using complex (static CMOS and PTL) cells.
The Conceptual Model of Import Substitution in the Modern Global Economy

Unsuccessful experience of import substitution predetermines the necessity for studying its causes and the possibilities for their elimination for the further adaptation of the experience to the economic reality of modern Russia for the purpose of receiving maximum profit from the policy of import substitution. The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing models of import substitution and to develop an effective conceptual model of import substitution in the modern global economy. The methodology of this research is based on using the method of systemic, problem, and comparative analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and formalization. The authors determine the notion and sense of import substitution and performs comparative analysis of the South African and Asian models of import substitution. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors offer a conceptual model of import substitution in the modern global economy. It allows maximizing the advantages and eliminating the drawbacks of the policy of import substitution, as well as achieving long-term positive effect related not to short-term artificial (stimulated by the state) RESUMEN: La experiencia insatisfactoria de la sustitución de importaciones predetermina la necesidad de estudiar sus causas y las posibilidades de su eliminación para una mayor adaptación de la experiencia a la realidad económica de la Rusia moderna con el fin de obtener el máximo beneficio de la política de sustitución de importaciones. El propósito del artículo es analizar los modelos existentes de sustitución de importaciones y desarrollar un modelo conceptual efectivo de sustitución de importaciones en la economía global moderna. La metodología de esta investigación se basa en el uso del método de análisis sistémico, de problemas y comparativo, síntesis, inducción, deducción y formalización. Los autores determinan la noción y el sentido de la sustitución de importaciones y realizan análisis comparativos de los modelos sudafricano y asiático de sustitución de importaciones. Con base en los resultados del análisis, los autores ofrecen un modelo conceptual de sustitución de importaciones en la economía global moderna. Permite maximizar las ventajas y eliminar los inconvenientes de la política de sustitución de importaciones, así como lograr un efecto development of entrepreneurship, but creation of natural market environment for its independent development.
Exchange Rate And Repo Interest Rate In Serbia: What Happened In 2012 And Lessons For Reindustrialization

Monetary policy changes in 2012 were unpredictable. This cannot be simply attributed to the election cycle. More fundamentally, incoherent policy measures have been present since the onset of the 2008 global recession. Within such a framework, industrialization and economic policy were treated as unrelated and not in need of alignment. In our view, they are essentially associated, but in an asymmetric way. It is difficult for monetary and exchange rate policy measures to stimulate growth, which is the essence of industrialization, but they can easily discourage it. Zence, the 6overnment of Serbia has to transparently define the industrialization policy over the medium term, and align it with other policy measures, including the monetary policy of the National 8ank of Serbia. The first thing to do so is to remove economic policy obstacles to growth. Zigh interest rates and the overvalued domestic currency are serious obstacles to industrialization in Serbia. Looking back at 2012, the National 8ank of Serbia pursued a stop-and-go monetary policy. It eventually returned to the repo rate as the main policy instrument to cure injation. This initially stabilized the exchange rate level, but increased its volatility and overvalued the currency. In the long run the exchange rate should asymptotically approach its purchasing power parity level, which has happened two times in recent history in Serbia. In the meantime, short term factors are predominant, including injation targeting monetary policy and delayed adjustment of the exchange rate to its equilibrium value. This is considered costly in terms of forgone output and export.
NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL–BRIDGE INTERACTION: MONITORING-BASED CALIBRATION

Continuous welded rail is of high interest to operators of railway infrastructure facilities because of the reduced maintenance work and better train driving dynamics it offers. However, the application of continuous welded rail, in particular associated with its interaction with the superstructures of e.g. bridges, requires special caution with regard to the rail stresses in the transition area between the structure and the free field. These stresses are not only influenced by thermal deformations of the bridges but also by the clamp systems between the rails and e.g. the bridge. In general, these connectors are represented by spring elements during modelling, which: (a) causes singularities in the stress distributions in the rails, and (b) cannot capture all the mechanical system changes occurring due to loading, thermal effects, etc. The target of this paper is to present an alternative way of modelling the connection between rails and bridge superstructure based on composite materials which can overcome the disadvantages of the spring model. In particular, a nonlinear model of the whole system was developed for ballasted and non-ballasted track. Special attention was paid to the calibration of rail–bridge interaction and boundary conditions using measured data and code specifications. The aim of this study was to use the results of in-situ measurements to analyse the admissible stress in rails due to their interaction with a bridge caused by temperature loading.
Corporate control mechanisms, voting and cash flow rights, and the performance of Dutch firms

This paper exploits several unique institutional features in the Dutch system of corporate control to examine the relations among investor protections, concentrated ownership, and firm performance. Four conclusions emerge. First, controlling shareholders do not appear to ameliorate corporate governance problems to any great extent. Second, the identity of ownership matters; when a firm is controlled by a few large individual shareholders, firm performance suffers. Expropriation costs are very high for this type of investor. Third, and somewhat at odds with the bulk of the prevailing literature, performance is enhanced when the firm is freed of equity market constraints. These results are consistent with recent theoretical models emphasizing that too much oversight can be detrimental to performance by forcing firms to underinvest in physical or human capital. Fourth, we distinguish between voting rights providing the means for intervening in firm affairs and cash flow rights providing the required motivation. Considering both rights are important for the empirical results. Apart from its substantive contributions, the paper develops a new four-step estimation strategy to control for the reverse causation problem plaguing econometric studies of corporate control mechanisms and firm performance.
Explorer Factored Translation Models

We present an extension of phrase-based statistical machine translation models that enables the straight-forward integration of additional annotation at the word-level — may it be linguistic markup or automatically generated word classes. In a number of experiments we show that factored translation models lead to better translation performance, both in terms of automatic scores, as well as more grammatical coherence.
An Investigation about Customers Perceptions of Security and Trust in E-Payment Systems among Iranian Online Consumers

Few studies have addressed payment issues related to online banking in Iran. This paper examined issues specifically related to e-payment security from the viewpoint of customers, proposing a conceptual model that delineates the determinants of consumers’ perceived security and perceived trust as well as the effects of perceived security and perceived trust on the use of e-payment systems. The study employed structural equation modeling with data collected from 210 online respondents in Iran. The results demonstrated that technical protections and transaction procedures were positively associated with consumers’ perceived security and trust in e-payment systems. In addition, experience from trusted sources of information was positively associated with consumers’ perceived trust in e-payment systems. The findings further showed that perceived security in e-payment systems was positively associated with consumers’ perceived trust in e-payment systems and the effects of consumers’ perceived security and trust in e-payment systems were positively associated with e-payment systems use.