Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DERIVATIVOS VERSUS RISCO CAMBIAL CORPORATIVO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA: 1999 - 2013 DERIVATIVES VERSUS CURRENCY RISK CORPORATE BRAZILIAN SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION: 1999 - 2013

Much non financial companies has been challenged to manage its foreign exchange risk, and the appropriate use of financial derivatives is among the most effective strategies to eliminate or minimize its risk. Far from trivial, market risks’ management requires internal policies’ definition; discipline; technical knowledge; accounting and tax impacts’ evaluation, among others. Addressed internationally in scientific publications, the corporate foreign exchange risk management has interested financial managers stakeholders, potentially benifited or harmed by the adopted strategy. So, it emerges the question if in Brazil, scientific articles have been approached the foreign exchange corporate risk management by derivatives? This bibliometric study identified and analyzed 44 Brazilian studies published between 1999 and 2013 in journals ranked by Web Qualis CAPES system as A1 , A2 , B1 and B2 , within the areas Administration and Accounting; as well as studies presented in Congresses ENANPAD and Brazilian Society of Finance, whose variables were "hedge", "derivatives", "corporate exchange risk management" and "accounting for financial instruments Finally, that ones which could offer greatest contribution in the process of managing corporate foreign exchange risk were highlighted.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids up-regulate hepatic scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI) expression and HDL cholesteryl ester uptake in the hamster.

Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids lower plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations when compared to diets rich in saturated fatty acids. We investigated the mechanistic basis for this effect in the hamster and sought to determine whether reduced plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations resulting from a high polyunsaturated fat diet are associated with a decrease in reverse cholesterol transport. Animals were fed semisynthetic diets enriched with polyunsaturated or saturated fatty acids for 6 weeks. We then determined the effect of these diets on the following parameters: 1) hepatic scavenger receptor B1 (SR-BI) mRNA and protein levels, 2) the rate of hepatic HDL cholesteryl ester uptake, and 3) the rate of cholesterol acquisition by the extrahepatic tissues (from de novo synthesis, LDL and HDL) as a measure of the rate of reverse cholesterol transport. Compared to saturated fatty acids, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids up-regulated hepatic SR-BI expression by approximately 50% and increased HDL cholesteryl ester transport to the liver; as a consequence, plasma HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations were reduced. Although dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids increased hepatic HDL cholesteryl ester uptake and lowered plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations, there was no change in the cholesterol content or in the rate of cholesterol acquisition (via de novo synthesis and lipoprotein uptake) by the extrahepatic tissues.These studies indicate that substitution of polyunsaturated for saturated fatty acids in the diet increases SR-BI expression and lowers plasma HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations but does not affect reverse cholesterol transport.
Collection, Processing, and Storage of Biological Samples in Epidemiologic Studies: Sex Hormones, Carotenoids, Inflammatory Markers, and Proteomics as Examples

The measurement of biomarkers in blood specimens has become an integral component of many epidemiologic studies and introduces several decision points about specimen collection, processing, and storage for the investigator. We briefly discuss the current state of knowledge for four commonly assessed biomarkers: estrogens and other sex hormones, ascorbic acid and carotenoids, cytokines involved in the inflammatory response, and proteomics. Sex hormones are relatively robust to type of sample collected, delayed processing (if chilled), and long-term storage at <−70°C. Ascorbic acid and carotenoids also are relatively robust to sample type and delayed processing (if chilled); however, the blood sample should not be exposed to sunlight and must be stored at <−70°C to prevent substantial degradation. If ascorbic acid is of primary interest, an acid stabilizer should be added during processing. Less is known for cytokines and proteomics, although initial research suggests that these assays are sensitive to varying collection, processing, and storage methods. Overall, we recommend conducting pilot studies if any nonstandard collection, processing, or storage procedure is used. Finally, decisions about these issues depend primarily on the scientific questions of most interest, cost, flexibility, and resources. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1578–81)
Flavogenomics – a genomic and structural view of flavin‐dependent proteins

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) serves as the precursor for FMN and FAD in almost all organisms that utilize the redox‐active isoalloxazine ring system as a coenzyme in enzymatic reactions. The role of flavin, however, is not limited to redox processes, as ∼ 10% of flavin‐dependent enzymes catalyze nonredox reactions. Moreover, the flavin cofactor is also widely used as a signaling and sensing molecule in biological processes such as phototropism and nitrogen fixation. Here, we present a study of 374 flavin‐dependent proteins analyzed with regard to their function, structure and distribution among 22 archaeal, eubacterial, protozoan and eukaryotic genomes. More than 90% of flavin‐dependent enzymes are oxidoreductases, and the remaining enzymes are classified as transferases (4.3%), lyases (2.9%), isomerases (1.4%) and ligases (0.4%). The majority of enzymes utilize FAD (75%) rather than FMN (25%), and bind the cofactor noncovalently (90%). High‐resolution structures are available for about half of the flavoproteins. FAD‐containing proteins predominantly bind the cofactor in a Rossmann fold (∼ 50%), whereas FMN‐containing proteins preferably adopt a (βα)8‐(TIM)‐barrel‐like or flavodoxin‐like fold. The number of genes encoding flavin‐dependent proteins varies greatly in the genomes analyzed, and covers a range from ∼ 0.1% to 3.5% of the predicted genes. It appears that some species depend heavily on flavin‐dependent oxidoreductases for degradation or biosynthesis, whereas others have minimized their flavoprotein arsenal. An understanding of ‘flavin‐intensive’ lifestyles, such as in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may result in valuable new intervention strategies that target either riboflavin biosynthesis or uptake.
Altered genetic response to β‐adrenergic receptor activation in late passage C6 glioma cells

Previous studies have demonstrated variability in the phenotype of rat C6 glioma cells. In the present study, we compared morphology, growth rate, and β‐adrenergic regulation of gene expression in early (P39–47) and late (P55–90) passage C6 cells. Morphological changes were observed in five independently derived, late passage populations. In four of the five, the untreated cells were more polygonal than the fibroblast‐like parental cells, and only a small fraction exhibited process outgrowth after dbcAMP treatment. Untreated cells from the fifth late passage population had longer cytoplasmic processes than parental cells and responded to dbcAMP with further process outgrowth. All late passage populations had shorter generation times than the parental cells. In early passage cells, treatment with the β‐adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (IPR), resulted in an increase in c‐fos mRNA and a decrease in c‐jun mRNA (Gubits RM, Yu H: J Neurosci Res, 30:625–630, 1991). Both of these immediate early gene responses were irreversibly lost between P50 and P55. Additional differences in basal or IPR‐induced mRNA levels were observed for β‐APP, GFAP, NGF, and PPE, but not for a number of other mRNAs. These results are discussed in relationship to previously described differences in the ability of early and late passage C6 cells to accumulate cAMP (Mallorga P, et al.: Biochim Biophys Acta 678:221–229, 1981). © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemical treatment of mouse Ehrlich tumor with direct electric current

Electrochemical treatment of cancer utilizes direct electric current (DEC) to produce direct alterations and chemical changes in tumors. However, the DEC treatment is not established and mechanisms are not well understood. In vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of DEC on animal tumor models. Ehrlich tumors were implanted subcutaneously in sixty male BALB/c mice. When the tumor volumes reached 850 mm3, four platinum electrodes were inserted into the tumors. DEC of 4 mA was applied for 21 min to the treated group; the total charge was 5 C. The healthy and sick control groups were subjected to the same conditions but without DEC. Hematological and chemical parameters as well as histopathological and peritumoral findings were studied. After the electrochemical therapy it was observed that both tumor volume decrease and necrosis percentage increase were significant in the treated group. Moreover, 24 h after treatment an acute inflammatory response, as well as sodium ion decrease, and potassium ion and spleen weight increase were observed in this group. It was concluded that both electrochemical reactions (fundamentally those in which reactive oxygen species are involved), and immune system stimulation induced by cytotoxic action of the DEC could constitute the most important antitumor mechanisms. Bioelectromagnetics 22:316–322, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The resolution of genotype × environment interaction in segregation analysis of nuclear families

A model is presented for the effects of one or two loci, a measured index of the environment and genotype × environment (G×E) interaction of risk for a discontinuous trait. Initial properties of the model are explored for the single locus case, with and without the effects of environment and G×E interaction. Seven data sets were simulated, each comprising 500 nuclear families on whom an environmental index has been measured. Maximum‐likelihood estimation procedures were used to obtain parameter estimates under seven models for each data set. Likelihood ratio tests were constructed, and in all cases it was possible to identify the “correct” model for the simulated data. The matrices of information realized showed that the parameters could be estimated with acceptable precision and that the effects of genes, environment, and G×E interaction could be resolved in the simulated populations. The effects on conventional segregation analysis of ignoring the environment and G×E are considered.
Trajectories of multiple adolescent health risk behaviors in a low-income African American population

Abstract This study examined interdependent trajectories of sexual risk, substance use, and conduct problems among 12- to 18-year-old African American youths who were followed annually as part of the Mobile Youth Study. We used growth mixture modeling to model the development of these three outcomes in the 1,406 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that there were four distinct classes: normative, low risk (74.3% of sample); increasing high-risk takers (11.9%); adolescent-limited conduct problems and drug risk with high risky sex (8.0%); and early experimenters (5.8%) The higher risk classes had higher rates of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections diagnoses than the normative sample at each of the ages we examined. Differing somewhat from our hypothesis, all of the nonnormative classes exhibited high sexual risk behavior. Although prevention efforts should be focused on addressing all three risk behaviors, the high rate of risky sexual behavior in the 25% of the sample that fall into the three nonnormative classes underscores an urgent need for improved sex education, including teen pregnancy and HIV/sexually transmitted infections prevention, in this community.
Neuropeptide Y genotype, central obesity, and abdominal fat distribution: the POUNDS LOST trial.

BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y is a key peptide affecting adiposity and has been related to obesity risk. However, little is known about the role of NPY variations in diet-induced change in adiposity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the effects of NPY variant rs16147 on central obesity and abdominal fat distribution in response to dietary interventions. DESIGN We genotyped a functional NPY variant rs16147 among 723 participants in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies trial. Changes in waist circumference (WC), total abdominal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from baseline to 6 and 24 mo were evaluated with respect to the rs16147 genotypes. Genotype-dietary fat interaction was also examined. RESULTS The rs16147 C allele was associated with a greater reduction in WC at 6 mo (P < 0.001). In addition, the genotypes showed a statistically significant interaction with dietary fat in relation to WC and SAT (P-interaction = 0.01 and 0.04): the association was stronger in individuals with high-fat intake than in those with low-fat intake. At 24 mo, the association remained statistically significant for WC in the high-fat diet group (P = 0.02), although the gene-dietary fat interaction became nonsignificant (P = 0.30). In addition, we found statistically significant genotype-dietary fat interaction on the change in total abdominal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and SAT at 24 mo (P = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.04): the rs16147 T allele appeared to associate with more adverse change in the abdominal fat deposition in the high-fat diet group than in the low-fat diet group. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the NPY rs16147 genotypes affect the change in abdominal adiposity in response to dietary interventions, and the effects of the rs16147 single-nucleotide polymorphism on central obesity and abdominal fat distribution were modified by dietary fat.
Is the combination of pyrazinamide plus rifampicin safe for treating latent tuberculosis infection in persons not infected by the human immunodeficiency virus?

SETTING Nine public health care centres in four Spanish cities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 months of rifampicin (R) plus pyrazinamide (Z) therapy (2RZ) compared with a 6-month course of isoniazid therapy (6H) for treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). DESIGN Multicentered, randomised, comparative and prospective trial conducted in HIV-seronegative contacts of infectious pulmonary TB cases. RESULTS Of 352 individuals, 199 received 6H and 153 2RZ; 73% of contacts receiving 6H and 71% receiving 2RZ completed treatment (P = 0.73). Treatment interruption due to hepatotoxicity (ALT/AST > 5 times upper limit of normal) was observed in 10% of contacts in the 2RZ group and in 2.5% of the 6H group (P = 0.007). This higher than expected rate of hepatotoxicity in the 2RZ arm led to premature termination of the study. Severe or fatal liver injury was not detected. Liver function tests normalised after discontinuation of treatment. We conclude that the use of RZ should only be considered when other regimens are unsuitable and intensive monitoring of liver function is feasible.
Analytical models for DiffServ meter/markers

The paper presents mathematical models for meter/markers serving as DiffServ node elements. Models for two types of token bucket based meter/markers: single rate three color marker and two rate three color marker and a model for a rate estimator based meter/marker, i.e. time sliding window three color marker, are provided. Experimental validation of these models is also presented.
Long‐Term Growth in Housing Prices and Stock Returns

A firm's long‐term stock returns are negatively related to past growth in housing prices in the state where the firm is located. The housing price effect is persistent and robust to controlling for the long‐term stock return reversal effect, changes in mortgage interest rates across the states, cyclicality in housing prices and overall local economic conditions. There is no evidence that extant asset pricing models can adequately explain the effect. The study discusses potential explanations for, and the implications of, the cross‐regional housing price effect.
First evidence for injection statistics accuracy limitations in NAND Flash constant-current Fowler-Nordheim programming

We present for the first time the direct evidence of an injection statistical spread in the number of electrons placed into the floating-gate of deeply-scaled NAND Flash memories during constant-current Fowler-Nordheim programming. The spread directly affects the precision of the programmed levels and sets the ultimate accuracy of the NAND programming algorithm. Experimental results on technology nodes ranging from 90 nm to 60 nm reveal that the injection statistical spread increases as cell dimensions are reduced and this introduces a new constraint for future NAND memories design.
Providing cluster categorization of heuristics technique for increasing accuracy in severe categorization of road accidents

Implementation of data mining algorithms for categorizing difficulties in number of algorithms used for categorizing severe road accidents that causes damages. The distinct algorithm categories used for our research includes Artificial Neural Network and Adaptable Neural Fuzzy Interpretation System. There are several advantages and disadvantages over our categorization algorithm determine the characterizing fields of troubles impact on their exactness. Among the upcoming studies regarding ensemble model it categorize to yield good results. Combined idea for categorizing the cluster technique improvises the accurate classification of adapting k-means and self organizing maps. The research over datasets provides pre-clustering methods increase the rate of accuracy in classification.
Allopatric origins of sympatric brook charr populations: colonization history and admixture

Natural selection is presumed to be the driving force behind the occurrence of phenotypically and genetically divergent populations in sympatry within many north temperate freshwater fishes. If, however, these populations have different ancestral origins, history could also contribute to their divergence. We previously found evidence for the role of selection in the evolution of divergent outflow and inflow breeding populations of migratory brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting postglacial Mistassini Lake (Québec, Canada). Here, we show that these populations do not have a common origin, through the use of admixture and spatial analyses with seven microsatellite loci. Divergent populations clustered into two different population groups when compared to samples from surrounding drainages, although inflow populations appeared to be more admixed between the two population groups than the outflow population. These results are noteworthy since outflow and inflow populations were monomorphic at mitochondrial DNA (338‐bp sequence of the control region) and are only moderately differentiated (mean FST = 0.10). Colonization by two ancestral populations was also consistent with known outflow direction changes throughout lake formation. In addition to providing insight into how phenotypic divergence in sympatry may have been affected by the nature (i.e. timing and direction) of colonization of ancestral populations, our results also suggest that ancestral populations may have differed in their ability to colonize certain lake habitats.
On Optimizing Demand Response Management Performance for Microgrids under Communication Unreliability Constraint

When studying the real-time pricing in smart grids, there is a common assumption that a perfect bidirectional communication network is built between supply and demand ends. However, this assumption is unrealistic, especially in a microgrid system which includes renewable energy resources. In this paper, we consider the uncertainty of imperfect communications in both supply and demand ends, which affects the performance of the microgrid system in terms of the packet loss ratio of the power demand information transmission and the forecasting accuracy ratio of the renewable energy generation. We analyze the impacts of unreliable communications on the demand response management (DRM) performance of real-time pricing in the microgrid system. A joint optimization problem is therefore formulated in order to maximize the DRM performance of the microgrid system. Leveraging the dual decomposition, the proposed optimization problem is solved via two sub-problems. Simulation results reveal the impacts of imperfect communications on the DRM performance.
Vector Lyapunov function approach to measurement feedback stabilization of large-scale nonlinear systems

The paper considers the problem of measurement feedback decentralized stabilization of large-scale interconnected nonlinear systems. Motivated by the recent developments on control vector Lyapunov functions, the notion of an output control vector Lyapunov function is defined which serves as a starting point for the investigation of a decentralized version of feedback stabilization problem for such systems. This paper focuses on the measurement feedback decentralized stabilization problem. The main contributions of this paper are solutions to the static version of the problem. An example is given to illustrate the proposed design methods.
Solid Dispersion as an Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Ritonavir

Ritonavir is an antiretroviral drug characterized by low solubility and high permeability which corresponds to BCS class II drug. The purpose of the study was to develop solid dispersion by different methods and investigate them for in vitro and in vivo performance for enhancing dissolution and bioavailability, respectively. Since the drug possesses food-related absorption, the effect of biorelevant media (FaSSIF and FeSSIF state) on dissolution behavior was also studied. The solid dispersion was prepared using Gelucire as carrier in 1:4 ratio by different methods and were characterized for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR. Oral bioavailability of 10 mg of ritonavir in solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation (SE1) and melt method (MM1) was compared with pure drug after oral administration of solid dispersion and pure drug to Albino Wistar rats of either sex. The results suggested formation of eutectic solid dispersion. In vitro dissolution studies was performed in 0.1 N HCl and biorelevant media showed enhanced dissolution rate as compared to pure drug in both FeSSIF media and 0.1 N HCl. The apparent rate of absorption of ritonavir from SE1 (Cmax 20221.37 ng/ml, tmax 0.5 h) was higher than that of MM1 (Cmax 2,462.2, tmax 1 h) and pure drug (Cmax 1,354.8 ng/ml, tmax 0.5 h). On the basis of the result obtained, it was concluded that solid dispersion is a good approach to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ritonavir.