Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRONS USING A SIMULATED SYNAPTIC DOWNSCALING MECHANISM

A key concern when training a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) i s that the final network should generalise well out-of-sample. A considerable literature has emerged which examines various aspects of this issue. In this study w e draw inspiration from theories of memory consolidation in order to develop a new me thodology for training MLPs in order to promote their generalisation capabilities . Thesynaptic homeostasis hypothesis [32, 33] proposes that a key role of sleep is to downscale syna ptic strength to a baseline level that is energetically sustainable. As a c onsequence, the hypothesis suggests that sleep acts not to actively strengthen selecte d memories but rather to remove irrelevant memories. In turn, this lessens spurious le arning, improves the signal to noise ratio in maintained memories, and therefore produc es better generalisation capabilities. In this paper we describe the synaptic homeos tasis hypothesis and draw inspiration from it in order to design a ‘wake-sleep’ traini ng approach for MLPs. The approach is tested on a number of datasets.
Automated Extraction and Characterisation of Social Network Data from Unstructured Sources -- An Ontology-Based Approach

Abstract : Automated extraction of social network-related data is one objective of the applied research project on Social Network Analysis (SNA) in a Counter-Insurgency context (SNAC) at DRDC Valcartier. Since the vast majority of the information resides in unstructured text documents, the prototype must be able to extract social network-related data directly from them. For these tasks, the prototype leverages and refines existing services provided by the Intelligence Science & Technology Integration Platform (ISTIP) at DRDC Valcartier. These services rely on ontologies to perform document annotation and to semantically characterize the data to be persisted. Given a list of a priori known instances of entities like people, organizations, and events, the system constructs the social web that ties these entities together. To do so, on a continuous basis, documents are fed via a data source crawling service that scans existing databases and returns new documents. Then, using natural language processing services, the system scans these incoming documents, extracts information about entities as well as their relations and their respective attributes, and stores this information in a graph database. The system also provides basic and semantic filtering services as well as conversion to many formats.
A pervasive servicediscovery strategy based on peer to peer model

In order to improve the efficiency of service discovery in the pervasive environment, this paper presents a new strategy of service discovery based on p2p network model. Reference the ring topology of chord algorithm and the algorithm used by DHT, the traditional single finger-table witch be maintained by each node in the ring will be changed into double finger-table: the Neighbor-Finger-Table and Long-distance Finger-Table. The structure of the Neighbor-Finger-Table is the same as the traditional single finger-table's. The Long-distance Finger-Table can construct small-world network. Some similar algorithm uses random method to select remote access node, the new strategy is different from that, through the calculation of the local node, it can ensure the scope of service can cover the entire network. The simulation shows the algorithm can effectively reduce the path length of service discovery, improve the service success rate, and control the path length of magnitude.
Chronic Chest Pain—High Probability of Coronary Artery Disease

* See Last Page for Key Revised 2016 Akers Page 1 Reference Study Type Patients/ Events Study Objective (Purpose of Study) Study Results Study Quality 1. Di Fiore DP, Beltrame JF. Chest pain in patients with 'normal angiography': could it be cardiac? Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2013;11(1):56-68. Review/OtherDx N/A To provide a brief overview of the important clinical considerations in this common presentation and particularly focus on coronary vasomotor disorders (ie, those involving an inappropriate vasoconstriction or impaired vasodilation) that need to be considered. No results stated in abstract. 4
Routing for Diverse Wireless Networks

Our work is motivated by a simple question: can we design a simple routing protocol that works well across diverse wireless network environments such as meshes, MANETs, and DTNs? We identify packet replication as a key structural difference between protocols designed for opposite ends of the connectivity spectrum, namely, DTNs and meshes. We develop a model to quantify under what conditions and by how much replication improves packet delays, and use these insights to drive the design of ReGain, a routing protocol that self-adapts replication to the extent of connectivity in network conditions. We implement ReGain and evaluate its performance through deployment over a mesh testbed and trace-driven evaluations on real network testbeds exhibiting diverse connectivity. Our results show that ReGain achieves up to 2× better delay and 1.3× better goodput over existing protocols in a variety of network connectivity and load conditions.
Next-to-Leading-Order Event Generators

We review the methods developed for combining the parton shower approximation to quantum chromodynamics with fixed-order perturbation theory so as to achieve next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy for inclusive observables. These developments have made it possible to generate fully simulated hadronic final states with the precision and stability of NLO calculations. We explain the underlying theory of the existing methods, MC@NLO and POWHEG, together with their similarities, differences, achievements, and limitations. For illustration, we mainly compare results on Higgs boson production at the LHC, with particular emphasis on the residual uncertainties arising from the different treatment of effects beyond NLO. We also briefly summarize the difference between these NLO plus parton shower methods and matrix-element plus parton shower matching, along with current efforts to combine the two approaches.
Migratory Behavior of Hunted Elk

During 1990–2000, I investigated patterns of fall migration and harvests of the Jackson elk herd. Specifically, I compared the timing of fall migration of the 2,500–4,500 elk (Cervus elaphus) that summered in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) and wintered on the National Elk Refuge (NER) with elk that used other summer ranges by monitoring 512 migrations of radiocollared elk and by direct counts of elk arriving at the NER. Annual timing of migrations of GTNP elk was related positively to herbaceous standing crop (r2 = 0.89) and residual standing crop (forage remaining at the end of the summer-fall grazing season, r2 = 0.82) in GTNP. The number of elk on the NER the previous winter accounted for 39% of the residual variation in migration timing. Migrations of elk from higher elevation summer ranges were inversely related to cumulative snowfall through 10 November each fall, whereas elk from GTNP initiated migrations when snow depths averaged <2 cm. Vegetation offtake averaged 62% in GTNP when elk migrated to access superior foraging areas in the NER. Counter-intuitively, early migration of GTNP elk from their national park sanctuary, through a migratory corridor where they were heavily hunted, may be adaptive. Early migrants from GTNP to the NER experienced 4.8% harvest compared to 11.3% harvest (P = 0.037) of elk migrating after the median migration date each fall. Combined harvest and winter mortality rates were lower among early migrants (P < 0.01). I describe how early migration behavior may be selected over time. Such behavioral adaptation on elk ranges encompassing sanctuaries from hunter harvest challenge wildlife managers' skillfulness to manage elk numbers across heterogeneous topographic and jurisdictional landscapes.
Bats: carriers of zoonotic viral and emerging infectious diseases.

Bats are reported as reservoir host for several viruses, which cause significant illness in human and animals. Some of the bat transmitted zoonotic viral diseases such as Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and rabies may cause severe human casualties. They also harbor several other viruses such as MERS and SARS corona viruses, which may cause disease in human through direct spillover to human or through an intermediate host or vectors. Being reservoir hosts bats do not get affected by these viruses. This probably may happen due to the specificity of bat immune system, which reacts differently with viral pathogens in comparison to their other mammalian counterparts. Although bats are important reservoir hosts for several zoonotic viruses, very little information is available regarding host/virus relationships as only few experimental studies have been done on bat colonies, lack of expertise for study of bat immunology and antiviral responses and difficulty in conducting field work. However, with the advancement in epidemiology and molecular biology, these problems can be addressed, which will provide the insight into interactions of bats and zoonotic viruses. It may also clarify regarding virus persistence in nature and various associated risk factors which might facilitate viral transmission to animals and humans. Koushlesh Ranjan 1,* , Minakshi Prasad 2 and Gaya Prasad 3
OP-CBIO160301 2710..2712

Motivation: Transient S-sulfenylation of cysteine thiols mediated by reactive oxygen species plays a critical role in pathology, physiology and cell signaling. Therefore, discovery of new S-sulfenylated sites in proteins is of great importance towards understanding how protein function is regulated upon redox conditions. Results: We developed PRESS (PRotEin S-Sulfenylation) web server, a server which can effectively predict the cysteine thiols of a protein that could undergo S-sulfenylation under redox conditions. We envisage that this server will boost and facilitate the discovery of new and currently unknown functions of proteins triggered upon redox conditions, signal regulation and transduction, thus uncovering the role of S-sulfenylation in human health and disease. Availability and implementation: The PRESS web server is freely available at http://press-sulfenyla tion.cse. uoi.gr/ Contacts: agtzakos@gmail.com or gtzortzi@cs.uoi.gr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Title Survival and relapse pattern after trimodality therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma

Objective: Multimodality therapy has been applied for resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma, however, tolerability of the treatment and relapse pattern in detail remain unknown. We reviewed our experience of trimodality therapy as a single institute study in Japan. Methods: Sixteen patients with resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma were intended to treat with an extrapleural pneumonectomy followed by platinum-based chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy. Histology was epithelioid in 10, sarcomatoid in 4, and biphasic in 2. International mesothelioma interest group staging was stage II in 1, stage III in 11, and stage IV in 4. Tolerability of the combined treatment, survival, and relapse pattern were examined. Results: All patients underwent a macroscopic complete resection. Fourteen patients received chemotherapy and subsequently thirteen patients received radiotherapy, indicating tolerability was 81%. Overall median survival was 28.1 months, and 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 53.3% and 26.7%, respectively. In patients with stage III or lower median survival was 37.9 months. Recurrence was seen in 8 patients; first relapse site was local in 7 and distant in 2. The local recurrences occurred within 24 months, mostly around 12 months, after the extrapleural pneumonectomy, while the distant metastases occurred later. Conclusion: Trimodality therapy showed survival benefit in stage III or lower malignant pleural mesothelioma. The majority of recurrence was local, therefore, better local control would be required to improve prognosis of the disease.
Rethinking thecognitiverevolutionfromaneuralperspective:How

Words such as cognition, motivation and emotion powerfully guide theory development and the overall aims and goals of behavioral neuroscience research. Once such concepts are accepted generally as natural aspects of the brain, their influence can be pervasive and long lasting. Importantly, the choice of conceptual terms used to describe and study mental/neural functions can also constrain research by forcing the results into seemingly useful ‘conceptual’ categories that have no discrete reality in the brain. Since the popularly named ‘cognitive revolution’ in psychological science came to fruition in the early 1970s, the term cognitive or cognition has been perhaps the most widely used conceptual term in behavioral neuroscience. These terms, similar to other conceptual terms, have potential value if utilized appropriately. We argue that recently the term cognition has been both overused and misused. This has led to problems in developing a usable shared definition for the term and to promotion of possible misdirections in research within behavioral neuroscience. In addition, we argue that cognitive-guided research influenced primarily by top-down (cortical toward subcortical) perspectives without concurrent non-cognitive modes of bottom-up developmental thinking, could hinder progress in the search for new treatments and medications for psychiatric illnesses and neurobehavioral disorders. Overall, linkages of animal research insights to human psychology may be better served by bottom-up (subcortical to cortical) affective and motivational ‘state-control’ perspectives, simply because the lower networks of the brain are foundational for the construction of higher ‘information-processing’ aspects of mind. Moving forward, rapidly expanding new techniques and creative methods in neuroscience along with more accurate brain concepts, may help guide the development of new therapeutics and hopefully more accurate ways to describe and explain brain-behavior relationships. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of angiotensin II type‐1 receptor antibodies in primary aldosteronism and further considerations about their possible pathogenetic role

Angiotensin II type‐1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1RAb) have been involved in the genesis of primary aldosteronism (PA), both in aldosterone‐producing adenoma (APA) and in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). In this study, we evaluated the titer of AT1RAb in 44 PA patients (15 with APA and 29 with IHA) compared with 18 normotensive healthy controls who were matched for gender and age. In 17 PA patients (6 APA and 11 IHA) the titer was evaluated under mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist treatment. We found that PA patients had a significantly higher titer of AT1RAb compared with controls (median values 33 [IQR 15.6] IU/mL vs 17.5 [IQR 10.8] IU/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001). No significant difference of the AT1RAb titer was reported among PA patients, subdivided according to the subtypes and the concomitant MR antagonist therapy. No significant correlation was detected between age, gender, BMI, blood pressure values, baseline aldosterone, ARR, and the AT1RAb titer of all patients enrolled. Our data confirm an increased titer of AT1RAb in both subtypes of PA, independently from the concomitant use of MR antagonists and clinical/biochemical characteristics of PA patients. The small sample of patients and the relatively short time of treatment could have influenced these results. Moreover, the ELISA assay fails to evaluate the bioactivity of AT1RAb. Further studies should evaluate if the subtype, the clinical/biochemical recovery of PA, or both, influence the pathogenetic role of AT1RAb. The possible autoimmune pathogenesis and reversal effect with AT1R blocker treatment in PA patients with AT1RAb positivity is intriguing and requires further study.
Hypermethylation of endoplasmic reticulum disulfide oxidase 1α leads to trophoblast cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in preeclampsia

Abnormal trophoblast cell apoptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy‐related disorders including preeclampsia (PE), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been considered as a novel pathway in the regulation of cell apoptosis. In this study, we observed that both apoptosis and ER stress are triggered in trophoblast cells under hypoxia as well as in the placenta of PE rats. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of endoplasmic reticulum disulfide oxidase 1α (ERO1α) is suppressed in trophoblast cells under hypoxia due to the hypermethylation of the ERO1α promoter region, and the inhibition of ERO1α expression plays an important role in ER stress and trophoblast cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is a key methyltransferase for DNA methylation in the regulation of ERO1α expression, and the binding level of DNMT1 to the ERO1α promoter is markedly elevated under hypoxia although DNMT1 expression is inhibited by hypoxia, suggesting that the binding level of DNMT1 to the ERO1α promoter region rather than the DNMT1 expression level contributes to the hypermethylation of ERO1α. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the hypermethylation of ERO1α mediated by increased binding of DNMT1 to the ERO1α promoter leads to trophoblast cell apoptosis through ER stress in the placenta of PE rats, which shed insight into the etiology of PE and might present a validated therapeutic target for the treatment of PE.
The use of robots in stroke rehabilitation: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND Stroke is among the leading causes of acquired disability in the United States, affecting nearly 800,000 Americans annually. The identification of more effective treatments for hemiparesis has been recognized as a top research priority. Intelligent, motor-driven devices for rehabilitation, or rehabilitation robotics, represent an exciting frontier with considerable potential to address these concerns. PURPOSE This article presents a state of the science review regarding selected robotic technologies that are representative of current robot-aided rehabilitation strategies, the evidence surrounding their efficacy, barriers to widespread dissemination, and technologies in development. METHODS Narrative Review. CONCLUSIONS Based on this synthesis, we suggest that robotic rehabilitation tools are neither the standard of care, nor entirely experimental, but rather a clinically innovative therapy of some utility.
Obesity-related metabolic and reproductive dysfunction: variations between the sexes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity prevalence remains at epidemic levels globally and is showing no signs of abating in either adult or child populations. Areas covered: Obesity-associated metabolic and reproductive diseases appear to be sexually dimorphic. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and male obesity-associated secondary (hypogonadotrophic) hypogonadism (MOSH) represent two of the most common obesity associated endocrinopathies with sex-specific metabo-reproductive aberrations. These two diseases have entirely separate pathogeneses, with characteristic sex-specific clinico-pathological findings. These differences result from effects of sex-specific hormones, including estrogens and androgens. Such differences in sex-hormones also influence patterns of body-fat distribution. Expert commentary: This article focuses on sex-specific obesity-related metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. To illustrate key sex-related differences in the mechanisms by which obesity contributes towards metabolic and reproductive dysfunction, two common obesity-related conditions affecting women and men are considered: respectively, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Male Obesity-associated Secondary Hypogonadism (MOSH).
Resilience of tropical tree cover: The roles of climate, fire, and herbivory

Fires and herbivores shape tropical vegetation structure, but their effects on the stability of tree cover in different climates remain elusive. Here, we integrate empirical and theoretical approaches to determine the effects of climate on fire‐ and herbivore‐driven forest‐savanna shifts. We analyzed time series of remotely sensed tree cover and fire observations with estimates of herbivore pressure across the tropics to quantify the fire–tree cover and herbivore–tree cover feedbacks along climatic gradients. From these empirical results, we developed a spatially explicit, stochastic fire‐vegetation model that accounts for herbivore pressure. We find emergent alternative stable states in tree cover with hysteresis across rainfall conditions. Whereas the herbivore–tree cover feedback can maintain low tree cover below 1,100 mm mean annual rainfall, the fire–tree cover feedback can maintain low tree cover at higher rainfall levels. Interestingly, the rainfall range where fire‐driven alternative vegetation states can be found depends strongly on rainfall variability. Both higher seasonal and interannual variability in rainfall increase fire frequency, but only seasonality expands the distribution of fire‐maintained savannas into wetter climates. The strength of the fire–tree cover feedback depends on the spatial configuration of tree cover: Landscapes with clustered low tree‐cover areas are more susceptible to cross a tipping point of fire‐driven forest loss than landscapes with scattered deforested patches. Our study shows how feedbacks involving fire, herbivores, and the spatial structure of tree cover explain the resilience of tree cover across climates.
Postoperative rehabilitation of simultaneous rupture of anterior cruciate ligament and patellar ligament: A case report

INTRODUCTION The simultaneous rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and patellar ligament (PL) is an infrequent condition. Each isolated injury has surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols that differ widely among each other. Nonetheless, there is no established physical rehabilitation approach when both injuries are associated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to describe the rehabilitation and the outcomes obtained in the postoperative period of simultaneous rupture of ACL and PL and the follow-up period. CASE REPORT A 21-year-old male patient suffered the rupture of ACL and PL after landing from a jump while playing soccer. The knee was immediately immobilized, and 10 weeks later, he was operated in a one-stage surgery. He initiated his rehabilitation 3 weeks after the surgical resolution. A three-times a week rehabilitation was implemented to restore range of motion and improve functional status. An extensive evaluation was carried out monthly using dynamic neuromuscular tests and self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS At the end of the rehabilitation, he presented a complete extension and 130° of knee flexion in passive open kinetic chain. The Single Leg Squat and Landing Error Scoring System showed a good performance, while the Star Excursion Balance Test and the single hops assessments were symmetrical. The International Knee Documentation Committee and Lower Extremity Functional Scale questionnaires yielded values of 90.8% and 77 points, respectively. CONCLUSION An approach based on mobility exercises and strengthening of the lower limbs and the core muscles, considering the biological healing times of each particular structure, made it possible to obtain satisfactory results in mobility, functional tests, self-reported questionnaires, and patient's satisfaction.