Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Historical biogeography applied to the distribution of Mexican plants

Biogeographical patterns of the Mexican fl ora are explained based on 3 different theories, considering number of species, endemisms, and relations among areas: 1) dispersalist theory, where Mexico has been considered as the receiver of elements of different sources or geographic areas, considering that it is located in the transition zone between the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, which along the autochthonous ones form a complex mixture of species with different origins, both spatial and temporal, 2) vicariant theory, that proposes a close relationship between the earths history and the history of the biota, so that the number of species and their distribution may be explained by the complex geologic history of Mexico, and 3) pleistocenic glaciations, which explain the recent distributional patterns of plants based on ecological and historical arguments, based on paleoclimatic changes of the recent past. A continuous debate within historical biogeography has high lighted the importance of biogeography as source of evidence for taxonomy and vice versa. Historical biogeography has a close relationship with systematics, but is an independent discipline within comparative biology. Biogeography is undergoing a conceptual revolution that is causing a revision of its fundamentals and methods. The utilization of different methods in an integrative manner in the same analysis may maximize the advantages of each one.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SECRETORY ALVEOLI OF LACTATING MAMMARY GLAND OF ONE HUMPED SHE-CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIES)

Ultrastructure of the secretory alveoli of the one humped she camel was performed during lactation. The alveolar epithelium was cuboidal represented by four cell types. These epithelial cells exhibited marked change in cellular height, distinct variations of shape, size and location of their nuclei and a progressive development of their organelles during lactation. The most characteristic feature was the presence of deep basal folding of the epithelium and the distribution of the mitochondria giving the model of ion transporting cell. The relationship between the fine structure and the nutritional contribution made by camel milk as well as the mode of lipid and protein secretion was discussed.
Effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation on the dietary consumption of methane-oxidizing bacteria by Chironomus larvae in dimictic mesotrophic lakes

Hypolimnetic oxygenation is a technique used to restore oxic conditions in the summer hypolimnia of lakes, thereby reducing internal P recycling, metal flux, and increasing fish habitat. O2 at the sediment–water interface plays a critical role in regulation of CH4 flux from lakes. Sediment microorganisms responsible for both methanogenesis and oxidation uniquely discriminate against 13C. Therefore, stable isotope analysis (SIA) can be used to estimate CH4-derived biomass in aquatic food webs. For example, investigators have used SIA to show that methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) may have high dietary importance for Chironomus in anaerobic and hypoxic environments. We proposed that oxygenation would reduce CH4 production and subsequent synthesis of CH4-derived biomass in Chironomus larvae, decreasing the influence of CH4 pathways to overall aquatic food webs. We tested our hypothesis in mesotrophic lakes with and without oxygenation. Chironomus larvae were 13C-depleted compared to available organic matter in treated and untreated lakes, signifying that MOB consumption may be an important energy source for these organisms. However, our hypothesis was refuted. Larvae from lakes with oxygenation displayed higher dietary MOB contribution than larvae from the untreated lake. Our results suggest oxygenation may alter chemotrophic energy flow within aquatic and linked terrestrial food webs.
Response to comments on “Modelling aModern-like- pCO2 Warm Period (MIS KM5c) with Two Versions of IPSL AOGCM” by Ning Tan et al

The mid-Piacenzian warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period with a present-like atmospheric pCO2 as thereby it is expected to have exhibited a warm climate similar to or warmer than present 15 day.exhibiting significant warming relative to present conditions. On the basis of understanding that has been gathered onWith the advanced Uunderstanding of the climate variability of this interval, a specific interglacial (marine isotope stage KM5c, MIS KM5c, 3.205 Ma) has been is selected for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP 2) and updated boundary conditions are provided. In this study. , Wewe carried out a series of experiments according to the design of PlioMIP2 with two versions of the IPSL Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Model (AOGCM): (IPSL20 CM5A and IPSL-CM5A2). Compared to By comparing with PlioMIP 1 experiment, run with IPSL-CM5A, our results show that the simulated MIS KM5c climate presents enhanced warming in mid-to-high latitudes, especially over oceanic in ocean regions. This warming can be largely attributed to the largely enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by the high latitude seaway changes. The sensitivitytier experiments, conducted with IPSL-CM5A2 (with faster computation scheme), show that besides the increased pCO2, both modified orography and reduced ice sheets contribute substantially toin 25 mid-to-high latitudes warming inof MIS KM5c. When considering the pCO2 uncertainties (+/-50 ppmv) during the Pliocene, the warming pattern changes, the responses of the modelled mean annual surface air temperature toour model response to changes to the variation of pCO2 by +/-50ppmv (+/-50 ppmv) is not symmetric in the surface air temperature, which is likely
Molecular Characteristics of Rhizobia Isolated from Arachis hypogaea Grown under Stress Environment

The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of eight rhizobial isolates obtained from Arachis hypogaea nodules grown under stress environment was performed. Isolates were screened for their ability to tolerate different abiotic stresses (high temperature (60° C), salinity (1–5% (w/v) NaCl), and pH (1–12). The genomic analysis of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes ( atp D, rec A, and gln II) demonstrated that native groundnut rhizobia from these stress soils are representatives of fast growers and phylogenetically related to Rhizobium sp . The phenotypic characterization (generation time, carbon source utilization) also revealed the isolates as fast-growing rhizobia. All the isolates can tolerate NaCl up to 3% and were able to grow between 20 and 37 °C with a pH between 5 to 10, indicating that the isolates were alkali and salt-tolerant. The tested isolates effectively utilize mono and disaccharides as carbon source. Out of eight, three rhizobial isolates (BN-20, BN-23, and BN-50) were able to nodulate their host plant, exhibiting their potential to be used as native groundnut rhizobial inoculum. The plant growth promoting characterization of all isolates revealed their effectiveness to solubilize inorganic phosphate (56–290 µg mL −1 ), synthesize indole acetic acid (IAA) (24–71 µg mL −1 ), and amplification of nitrogen fixing nifH gene, exploring their ability to be used as groundnut biofertilizer to enhance yield and N 2 -fixation for the resource poor farmers of rainfed Pothwar region.
A Methodological Consensus on Clinical Proton MR Spectroscopy of the Brain: Review and Recommendations

Wilson, Martin; Andronesi, Ovidiu; Barker, Peter B; Bartha, Robert; Bizzi, Alberto; Bolan, Patrick J; Brindle, Kevin M; Choi, In-Young; Cudalbu, Cristina; Dydak, Ulrike; Emir, Uzay E; Gonzalez, Ramon G; Gruber, Stephan; Gruetter, Rolf; Gupta, Rakesh K; Heerschap, Arend; Henning, Anke; Hetherington, Hoby P; Huppi, Petra S; Hurd, Ralph E; Kantarci, Kejal; Kauppinen, Risto A; Klomp, Dennis W J; Kreis, Roland; Kruiskamp, Marijn J; Leach, Martin O; Lin, Alexander P; Luijten, Peter R; Marjaska, Magorzata; Maudsley, Andrew A; Meyerhoff, Dieter J; Mountford, Carolyn E; Mullins, Paul G; Murdoch, James B; Nelson, Sarah J; Noeske, Ralph; Öz, Gülin; Pan, Julie W; Peet, Andrew C; Poptani, Harish; Posse, Stefan; Ratai, Eva-Maria; Salibi, Nouha; Scheenen, Tom W J; Smith, Ian C P; Soher, Brian J; Tká, Ivan; Vigneron, Daniel B; Howe, Franklyn A
Standardization of Spore Inactivation Method for PMA-PhyloChip Analysis

Introduction: In compliance with the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) planetary protection policy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) monitors the total microbial burden of spacecraft as a means for minimizing the inadvertent transfer of viable contaminant microorganisms to extraterrestrial environments (forward contamination). NASA standard assaybased counts are used both as a proxy for relative surface cleanliness and to estimate overall microbial burden as well as to assess whether forward planetary protection risk criteria are met for a given mission, which vary by the planetary body to be explored and whether or not life detection missions are present. Despite efforts to reduce presence of microorganisms from spacecraft prior to launch, microbes have been isolated from spacecraft and associated surfaces within the extreme conditions of clean room facilities (La Duc et al. 2004) using state of the art molecular technologies. Development of a more sensitive method that will better enumerate all viable microorganisms from spacecraft and associated surfaces could support future lifedetection missions. Current culture-based (NASA standard spore assay) and nucleic-acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have significant shortcomings in this type of analysis. The overall goal of this project is to evaluate and validate a new molecular method based on the use of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) intercalating agent propidium monoazide (PMA). This is used in combination with DNA microarray (PhyloChip) which has been shown to identify very low levels of organisms on spacecraft associated surfaces. PMA can only penetrate the membrane of dead cells. Once penetrated, it intercalates the DNA and, upon photolysis using visible light it produces stable DNA monoadducts. This allows DNA to be unavailable for further PCR analysis. The specific aim of this study is to standardize the spore inactivation method for PMA-PhyloChip analysis. We have used the bacterial spores Bacillus subtilis 168 (standard laboratory isolate) as a test organism.
DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSAL INFLUENZA VACCINES

Vaccination is the primary strategy for prevention and control of influenza.Current influenza vaccines have poor cross-clade protective immunity.In addition,frequent mutation of the viral surface proteins HA and NA,which results from antigenic drift or shift,largely restricts the use of these vaccines against divergent influenza A viruses.Universal influenza vaccines based on the conserved sequences of M2e,HA and NP protein presented broad cross-protective immunity in animal studies,which suggested a promising future for influenza vaccine research.This review describes the advancements in the research and development of universal influenza vaccines.
Abscisic Acid in Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Genera Botrytis, Ceratocystis, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia

Strains of the phytopathogenic species Botrytis cinerea, Ceratocystis coerulescens, C.fimbriata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani were cultivated on a defined synthetic culture medium. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was identified by gas chromato- graphy/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography data, and the contents determined in mycelia (15.9-31.9 ng/g mycel) and culture media (1.0-4.6 ng/ml) by scintillation counting.
Development of microsatellites markers in sugarcane: constraints related to polyploidy

Sugarcane cultivars are characterized by a high polyploidy level with more than eight homologous copies of each basic chromosome of Saccharum officinarum and several copies of homeologous chromosomes from S. spontaneum . We have begun to assess the feasibility of using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers as both a mapping tool, and a method for varietal identification and pedigree control in sugarcane. The search for microsatellite containing sequences includes the production and screening of enriched libraries. Several small insert libraries enriched for microsatellite containing sequences have been constructed from the cultivar R570. These include sequences containing GA, GT, ACC, GAA, CAA, ATT, GCC, CATA and GATA repeats. Several clones have been sequenced and specific primers have been designed from the sequence flanking the SSR. Primers were tested on R570 DNA for their ability to amplify a product of the expected size. Successful primer pairs were used to amplify products from DNA of several sugarcane cultivars as well as several clones of S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. These were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel and autoradiography. The resulting patterns range from simple, monomorphic patterns with few bands to highly complex multi-band "ladder-like" patterns. An analysis of these results will be presented. (Texte integral)
Seletividade de produtos orgânicos para Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

The selectivity of different insecticides, fungicides and fertilizers used in organic soybean cropping was evaluated according to the protocols proposed by the Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms Working Group of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) concerning adults and pupae of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory conditions. Treatments 1) baculovirus anticarsia 140 x 109 cpi; 2) Bacillus thuringiensis 16.8 g; 3) azadirachtin-A, azadirachtin-B, nimbina and salamina 9.6 ppm; 4) rotenoids 4% 4 L; 5) nitrogen 1.3%, phosphorus 3.0% and total organic carbon 8.0% 3 L; 6) sodium silicate 2% 4 L; 7) copper 7% + calcium 3.3% 1.8 L; 8) sulfur 20% + quicklime 10% 1.8 L were in general safe (class 1) to both adults and pupae of T. pretiosum . Differently, chlorpyrifos (control treatment) was harmful to this parasitoid. Therefore, the utilization of the tested natural derived products in the production of organic soybean is viable, without impairing the natural biological control allowed by T. pretiosum . Furthermore, both management techniques can indeed be used together in organic cropping aiming at reaching increasing or complementary control of target pests. Chlorpyrifos use, on the other hand, whenever possible, should be replaced by other products more compatible with biological control preservation.
Analysis of Two-State Folding Using Parabolic Approximation IV: Non-Arrhenius Kinetics of FBP28 WW Part-II

A model which treats the denatured and the native conformers as being confined to harmonic Gibbs energy wells has been used to rationalize the physical basis for the non-Arrhenius behaviour of spontaneously-folding fixed two-state systems. It is shown that at constant pressure and solvent conditions: (i) the rate constant for folding will be a maximum when the heat released upon formation of net molecular interactions is exactly compensated by the heat absorbed to desolvate net polar and non-polar solvent accessible surface area (SASA), as the denatured conformers driven by thermal noise bury their SASA and diffuse on the Gibbs energy surface to reach the activated state; (ii) the rate constant for unfolding will be a minimum when the heat absorbed by the native conformers to break various net backbone and sidechain interactions is exactly compensated by the heat of hydration released due to the net increase in SASA, as the native conformers unravel to reach the activated state; (iii) the activation entropy for folding will be zero, and the Gibbs barrier to folding will be a minimum, when the decrease in the backbone and the sidechain mobility is exactly compensated by the increase in entropy due to solvent-release, as the denatured conformers bury their SASA to reach the activated state; (iv) the activation entropy for unfolding will be zero, and the Gibbs barrier to unfolding will be a maximum when the increase in the backbone and sidechain mobility is exactly compensated by the negentropy of solvent-capture on the protein surface, as the native conformers unravel to reach the activated state; (v) while cold denaturation is driven by solvent effects, heat denaturation is primarily due to chain effects; (vi) the speed-limit for the folding is ultimately due to conformational searching; and (vii) Levinthal’s paradox may have little basis if the entropy of solvent-release that accompanies protein folding is taken into consideration.
Psychodynamic psychiatry and neurobiology

The historical development of psychodynamic psychiatry and its core principles were focussed on in the perspective of current research, especially of neuroscientific research. The three-dimensional model of psychodynamic and neuro-psychodynamic psychiatry and spatiotemporal psychopathology are described and applied to depression and schizophrenia as clinical examples underlining the practical relevance of the neuro-psychodynamic approach for psychiatric treatment and psychotherapy. Operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics (OPD) is discussed as an "instrument to transfer psychodynamic constructs into neuroscience".
Anti-Neoplastic Activity of Litchi chinensis Leaf Extract Against Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

The anti-carcinogenic activity of Litchi chinensis leaf extract (LCLE) was investigated against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. LCLE inhibited the growth and metabolic activity of viable EAC cells in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Treatment with LCLE showed characteristic features of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed appreciable number of cells in early and late apoptotic stages. LCLE arrested the EAC cell populations in the G2-M phase of cell cycle. LCLE induced apoptosis was found to be mediated through mitochondrial intrinsic pathway involving the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.
Physical and biological mechanisms in animal movement processes

We have analysed a large set of animal locations from a telemetry study of a herd of domestic sheep, Ovis aries, in order to test an alternative model for area-utilization functions. Our model incorporates the special effects emerging from complex movement patterns, which have made the traditional home range demarcation protocols so difficult to employ. The telemetry location plots approached a statistically self-similar fractal pattern with dimension 1.5 as the overall plot density (n) increased. The home range area expanded on average as a function of n without any apparent asymptotic approach to a «true» home range area. The regression of log(area) versus log(n) was approximately linear, with slope 0.5 for samples of 10-1433 coordinate plots
Promoções de vendas de automóveis novos: uma análise nas mensagens hiper-reais veiculados em jornais

The sales promotion is a short-term incentive that aims to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service. The automobile sector is using this marketing strategy to accelerate the sale of new cars. The study aims to observe the promotion strategies used by manufacturers and their resellers, and identify the language resources used to persuade consumers to anticipate their decision to buy a car. With this intention, we decided to conduct a study of qualitative and interpretative nature. The newspaper served as a source for the document analysis, which was performed for four months and with two vehicles of this kind of media. Subsequently, the content analysis technique was used for the treatment of the material, and, in order to identify types, shapes and directions. In addition, we conducted interviews with people from concessionaires. We identified in the messages the use of the imperative form, intensification, intimacy, multiple senses, rational appeals and aesthetic resources. Finally, we consider the hyper-realities that surround the context of these strategies. Key-words: marketing communication; sales promotion; cars; hyper-reality.
Callus Production and Somatic Embryogenesis from White Ash

Nonstratified white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seeds, with one-third or one-half of their length excised, germinated 100% in vitro compared to 0% for noncut seeds on Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) medium with no plant growth regulators. Explants, therefore, consisted of one-third or one-half of the seeds containing the embryonic axis with portions of the cotyledons. More callus formed on the cut end of the cotyledons on media with 1 μΜ than 10 μΜ 2,4-D. More callus and somatic embryos formed on seedlings that remained on primary medium for 4 weeks with 5 μM BA and 2,4-D than when BA was not present. The most embryogenesis was observed on seedlings on secondary media with Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrients and BA and NAA, both at 0.5 μΜ, or DKW nutrients with no plant growth regulators. Both direct and indirect embryogenesis were observed. Somatic embryos were quite variable; some had up to five cotyledons. Only a few embryos developed into small plantlets. The embryogenic ability of the callus lines persisted during several months of subcultures. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (benzyladenine, BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); (lαβ,4abβ,10β)-2G4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylegibb-3-ene,1,10-dicarboxylic acid 1,4a-lactone (GA3, GA4+7); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAA).
Furaltadone Water Medication against Naturally Induced Salmonella Pullorum Infection in Stressed Floor-Pen Broilers

1. Berarducci, C. , Sull'efficacia del vaccino antimalrosso adsorbito secondo Traub. Zooprofilassi 6, 349-360, 1951. 2. Cooper, M. S. , Personeus, G. R. , and Choman, B. R. Laboratory studies on the vaccination of mice and turkeys with an erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae vaccine. Can. J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci. 18, 83-91, 1954. 3. Cooper, M. S. , Personeus, G. R. , and Percival, R. C. Laboratory studies on erysipelas. IV. Duration of immunity in turkeys vaccinated with an adsorbed bacterin. Poultry Sci. 36, 266-269, 1957. 4. Dickinson, E. M. , Jerstad, A. C. , Adler, H. E. , Cooper, M. S. , Babcock, W. E. , Johns, E. E. , and Bottorff, C. A. The use of an erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacterin for the control of erysipelas in turkeys. Proc. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. , 90th Ann. Meeting 1953, 370-375, 1954. 5. Nardelli, L. , Sulla preparazione di un vaccino formolato adsorbito concentrato contro il malrossino dei suini, secondo Traub. Riv. Med. Vet. e Zootec. 2, 332, 1950. 6. Phillips, C. E. Swine immunity with erysipelas bacterin. (Southwestern Vet. 9, 115-119, 1956. 7. Traub, E. Immunisierung gegen Schweinrotlauf mit konzentrierten adsorbatimpstoffen. Monatsh. Vet. Med. 10, 165, 1947.