Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in first-year dental students' motivation to attend dental school.

Women's role in the field of dentistry has historically been limited to the dental auxiliary fields, rather than that of D.D.S. or D.M.D. Today, women are nearly 38 percent of U.S. dental school students and 14 percent of active practitioners. The slow(er) influx of women into dentistry has been little studied by dental educators. During the 2000-01 academic year, we conducted a survey of first-year dental students at a sample of publicly funded U.S. dental schools. The purpose of the survey was to assess gender differences in motives for pursuing a dental career. The data show that male dental students rate self-employment and business-related motives as more important, while female dental students rate people-oriented motives more highly. Factor analysis revealed four distinct clusters of motives for pursuing a dental career: a financial motive, a business-oriented motive, a people-oriented or caring motive, and a flexibility motive. Women scored significantly higher than men on the caring factor, whereas the reverse was true on the business factor. Male and female students rated financial and flexibility motives equally. The implications of the results for attracting students to the profession of dentistry are discussed.
When Consumers Harm Your Brand - The Phenomenon of Consumer Brand Sabotage

Author’s note: Andrea Kahr is a PhD student of Marketing (e-mail: Kaehr@imu.unibe.ch), Bettina Nyffenegger is Assistant Professor of Marketing (e-mail: Nyffenegger@imu.unibe.ch), and Harley Krohmer is Professor of Marketing and Chairman of the Marketing Department (e-mail: Krohmer@imu.unibe.ch), Institute of Marketing and Management, University of Bern. Wayne D. Hoyer is James L. Bayless/ William S. Farish Fund Chair for Free Enterprise and Chairman of the Department of Marketing, McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin (e-mail: Wayne.Hoyer@mccombs.utexas.edu).
Consumer Acceptance of New Food Technologies for Different Product Categories: The Relative Importance of Experience versus Credence Attributes

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that consumers increasingly rely on credence attributes in their food choices, research has identified attitude-behavior discrepancies particularly concerning new food technologies. The aim of this study was to examine consumers' buying intentions for products that differ on three credence attributes (production method, health benefit, sustainability benefit) and one experience attribute (texture) across two product categories that differ in perceived healthiness. In a survey of 498 German consumers, buying intentions of a product perceived as rather unhealthy (marmalade, n = 256) and as rather healthy respectively (olive pesto, n = 242) were assessed in a conjoint design. Results showed that the relative importance of factors varied greatly among product categories and depended on individual factors. A cluster analyses identified different clusters depending on product's perceived healthiness. Further, ANOVA showed significant differences between the clusters concerning attitudinal factors such as social trust, pro-environmental identity, and health consciousness.
Board Education Level Distribution and R&D Investment:Empirical Study Based on Listed Manufacturing Firms

With the data of 623 listed manufacturing firms from 2004 to 2007,this paper builds the multivariate linear regression model to investigate the relationship between board education level distribution and RD investment.The result shows that: board education level distribution is positively related to RD investment;the higher the proportion of Ph.D.directors,RD investment is greater;the impact of board education level and its distribution on RD investment in capital and technology-intensive industries or eastern manufacturing firms is stronger than that of labor-intensive industries or other regions' firms;board education level and its distribution are not the major determinant of RD investment of listed manufacturing firms.
The Economic Worth of Celebrity Endorsers: An Event Study Analysis

Celebrity endorsement has become a prevalent form of advertising in the United States. Despite extensive literature on the effects of celebrity endorsements on consumers’ brand attitudes and purchase intentions, little is known about the economic value of these endorsements. Research on this topic has typically focused on theories explaining how celebrity endorsements influence consumers’ attitudes and intentions. The authors assess the impact of celebrity endorsement contracts on the expected profitability of a firm by using event study methodology. Their approach assumes that the announcement of a celebrity endorsement contract, usually widely publicized in the business press, is used as information by market analysts to evaluate the potential profitability of endorsement expenditures, thereby affecting the firm's expected return. Announcements of 110 celebrity endorsement contracts were analyzed. Results indicate that, on average, the impact of these announcements on stock returns is positive and suggest that celebrity endorsement contracts are generally viewed as a worthwhile investment in advertising.
Banks as Creators and Transmitters of Information in Historical Perspective

The current paper argues that commercial banks have used the main developments in information and communication technologies of the last thirty years to specialize in both the creation and transmission of information. The ability to create financial information provides banks with an important strategic advantage that widens as technological innovations allow for an increase in the level of industrial and informational concentration among the larger banks. This concentration process takes place at the expense of the smaller banks that cannot cope with the assimilation and development of the newly introduced information technologies. A descriptive analysis illustrating how this type of structural transformation process has taken place within the evolution of the U.S. commercial banking industry is provided and its relation to the subprime financial crises studied.
Assessing the Linkages Between Economic Competitiveness and Property Market Transparency

Abstract The effective functioning of commercial property markets is influenced by a wide range of local and global factors. To explore these inter-relationships and linkages, 54 countries are assessed in terms of their property market transparency and their global competitiveness across a wide range of parameters, including economic, institutional, infrastructure, environmental and technology factors. This analysis is at a regional property market level and property market maturity level. Quantitative measures of these inter-relationships are assessed to provide insights regarding these linkages with the transparency of these global commercial property markets.
Advancing Game Design with Eye-tracking and Think-aloud Studies

Paste the appropriate copyright statement here. ACM now supports three different copyright statements: • ACM copyright: ACM holds the copyright on the work. This is the historical approach. • License: The author(s) retain copyright, but ACM receives an exclusive publication license. • Open Access: The author(s) wish to pay for the work to be open access. The additional fee must be paid to ACM. This text field is large enough to hold the appropriate release statement assuming it is single spaced. Every submission will be assigned their own unique DOI string to be included here. Abstract Think-aloud protocols and eye-tracking studies have been shown to be valuable tools to evaluate different systems, such as websites, software, or games. Some first studies also suggest the combination of eye-tracking and think-aloud protocols to gain deeper insights in usability and design issues. The outcomes of this combined evaluation approach are often used to give feedback to design strategies. However, this combined evaluation approach is scarcely integrated in the design process. In this paper we explain how eye-tracking combined with think-aloud protocols can be used to redesign user interactions with an existing system with the goal to integrate game design elements and gamification strategies. This approach can be used already in early application stages to design and such systems before the integration of the main game design elements. In a first experiment, we use the outcomes of the combined evaluation approach to make first design decisions for gamification strategies. First findings indicate that a combination of think-aloud protocols with eye-tracking can give insights in the design of proper tasks goals and a fitting feedback design.
Using extended information to refine program behavior profile

System call provides the interface between an application and operating system, which is wildly used to detect network intrusions. By the extraction of extended information from system call stack, a new audit event is constructed and is used to refine the program profile in this paper. We name it as l-call. Meanwhile a Chebyshev's inequality based approach is also proposed to measure the anomaly degree which reflects the degree of deviation from the normal behavior due to the intrusions. Compared with system call, l-call has much more granularity to better describe the program behavior. Although the number of l-call is greater than that of system call which will inevitably lead to greater storage overhead, many experiments show that these costs are at an acceptable level, and l-call-based model has acquired more detection performance than system-call-based model.
Random Access and Virtual Resource Allocation in Software-Defined Cellular Networks With Machine-to-Machine Communications

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have attracted great attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, with recent advances in wireless network virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN), we propose a novel framework for M2M communications in software-defined cellular networks with wireless network virtualization. In the proposed framework, according to different functions and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of machine-type communication devices, a hypervisor enables the virtualization of the physical M2M network, which is abstracted and sliced into multiple virtual M2M networks. In addition, we develop a decision-theoretic approach to optimize the random access process of M2M communications. Furthermore, we develop a feedback and control loop to dynamically adjust the number of resource blocks that are used in the random access phase in a virtual M2M network by the SDN controller. Extensive simulation results with different system parameters are presented to show the performance of the proposed scheme.
The new product process: A decision guide for management

This paper presents some of the findings of the latest study in the Project NewProd research series. It attempts to bridge the research‐versus‐practice gap by giving some advice on putting the findings into practice. The study looks at the characteristics of new research projects in an attempt to uncover what separates winners from losers. This paper takes the key findings from the research study and formulates them into a guide for systematic new product development, giving a practical aid to those involved in the new product development process.
The concentration of trimethoprim in prostatic fluid: nonionic diffusion or active transport?

The diffusion of trimethoprim (TMP) from plasma to prostatic fluid (PF) and salivary fluid (SF) was studied in six dogs by progressive iv loading until vascular collapse and death occurred. Despite rising concentrations in serum(s), the PF/S ratios remained constant, excluding saturation of sites of active transport. Calculation of the theoretical nonionic diffusion gradients, based on the HendersonHasselbach equation and accurate determinations of pH of blood and PF, indicated that the observed PF/S ratios 5.9-7.0 were always less than the theoretical, thereby further excluding the need to invoke an active mechanism of transport. A single iv dose of TMP (4 mg/kg) in the dog with constant secretion of PF showed that maximal ion-trapping of TMP occurred in PF in 60-90 min.
The Performance of Russian Global Depository Receipts on the London Stock Exchange

This paper analyzes the performance of Russian Global Depository Receipts listed on the London Stock Exchange. The performance is evaluated assuming two investment strategies: daily portfolio rebalancing and buy-and-hold. Russian GDRs marginally outperform in the short-run and underperform in the long run the UK market, the US market, the Emerging Markets, and the Emerging Markets ADRs. These results resemble the performance of Initial Public Offerings. Russian GDRs outperform to some extent the Russian stock market over the first two trading years. The performance of Russian GDRs varies across industries, depends on raising capital, and is affected by issue timing.
Novel transcriptional control of the pyruvate formate-lyase gene: upstream regulatory sequences and multiple promoters regulate anaerobic expression

The sequence of the 5' regulatory region of the gene encoding pyruvate formate-lyase is presented together with a detailed analysis of the transcriptional signals required for its expression. The sequence data revealed that a gene coding for an open reading frame (orf) of unknown function is situated just upstream of the pfl gene. Analysis of RNA transcripts by Northern blot hybridization demonstrated that the genes for orf and pfl were cotranscribed as an operon but that the pfl gene was also transcribed alone. S1 nuclease protection analysis, primer extension, and construction of lacZ fusions with sequential deletions in the pfl 5' regulatory sequence revealed that transcription initiated from at least six promoters which spanned 1.2 kilobases of DNA. Three of these lay within the orf structural gene and were responsible for the high expression of pfl. All transcripts originating from these promoters terminated in the 3' untranslated region of the pfl gene at a strong rho-independent transcription terminator. All of the promoters were coordinately regulated by anaerobiosis, pyruvate, nitrate, and the fnr gene product, and the sequences thought to be responsible for this regulation lay 0.8 to 1.3 kilobases upstream of the translational initiation codon of the pfl gene. There were two sequences within this region which showed strong homology with that proposed to be required for recognition by the Fnr protein.
Investigation of atmospheric insect wing-beat frequencies and iridescence features using a multi-spectral kHz remote detection system

Quantitative investigation of insect activity in their natural habitat is a challenging task for entomologist. It is difficult to address questions such as flight direction, predation strength and overall activities using the current techniques such as traps and sweep nets. A multi-spectral kHz remote detection system using sunlight as an illumination source is presented. We explore possibilities of remote optical classification of insects based on their wing-beat frequencies and iridescence features. It is shown that the wing-beat frequency of the fast insect events can be resolved by implementing high sampling frequency. The iridescence features generated from the change of color in two channels (visible and near infrared) during wing-beat cycle is presented. We show that the shape of the wing-beat trajectory is different for different insects. The flight direction of atmospheric insect is also determined using silicon quadrant detector.
Diagnosing chronic cough in children

Further scientific evidence for the usefulness of signs and symptoms in predicting a specific cause of chronic cough in children Problem coughing is common in children and can be produced by almost all the respiratory disorders that affect them. Rather than applying a comprehensive battery of tests to all children, most doctors use clinical pointers in the history and examination to determine the need for and targeting of investigations. Indeed, experienced clinicians usually use more than one single feature or diagnostic test and bring together bits of the history, clinical examination, and selective investigative tests to arrive at a diagnosis. Typical clinical cues recommended to be used in evaluating cough include (1) age of symptom onset, (2) quality of the cough, (3) triggers, periodicity and timing of cough, and (4) associated features such as wheezing.1 Recent evidence suggests that parents do not report the frequency or severity of cough accurately.2,3 However, work from Professor Chang’s unit has shown that parental reporting of wet versus dry cough is likely to be accurate.4 Most of the clinical characteristics or pointers used to predict specific diseases causing cough in children have not been rigorously subjected to assessment as would be required for a diagnostic test5 and, typically, historical …
The Identity by Descent Process along the Chromosome

The probabilities of the various possible identity by descent (IBD) states at a locus captures all the genealogical information for that locus for the set of individuals under consideration. Here we study the stochastic process of the IBD state as one moves across the genome of a set of individuals. In general it is no longer sufficient to specify the IBD state, one needs to increase the state space if one is to maintain the Markov property, as has been discussed by for instance McPeak and Sun [Am J Hum Genet 2000;66:1076–1094] and Browning and Browning [Theor Popul Biol 2002;62:1–8]. This paper discusses a general method of deriving the transition matrix for that Markov chain iteratively from one time point to a subsequent one. This method allows a considerable reduction in the size of the state space needed. The basic recursion is set out here and the application is illustrated by two specific examples.
Relational Coordination: The Key to Eliminating CLABSI in the SICU

Methods  An innovative CLABSI prevention program was developed in January 2013  Founded on the principles of relational coordination  Mission: • Establish shared knowledge and goals while building mutual respect  Key concepts emphasized:  Bundled access  Standardized maintenance  Continuous evaluation of device need  Monthly meetings held  To review infections  To identify opportunities for improvement  To share collective gains  Device utilization and CLABSI rates were analyzed in a pre–post design 18 months before and after program inception Results  From July 2011 December 2012:  SICU mean CLABSI rate was 2.24  No CLABSIs were observed for 7 individual months  Longest consecutive stretch without a CLABSI was 3 months  After introduction of relational coordination concepts:  2 infections within the first quarter of 2013.  Since April 2013 the CLABSI rate has remained zero  From the program launch in January 2013 June 2014:  SICU mean CLABSI rate ↓ to 0.25  This ↓ (p<0.05) occurred despite a consistent device utilization rate (0.53 vs. 0.52, p=0.77)  A ↓ in variance was also observed (4.66 vs. 0.55, p<0.05)  Despite the organization having a lower device utilization rate (0.37 vs. 0.52 ) and a concurrent institutional CLABSI prevention program existing during both study periods, the organizational CLABSI rate was not significantly reduced (1.45 vs. 1.32, p=0.55) References 1. Hoffer Gittell, J. High performance healthcare: Using the power of relationships to achieve quality, efficiency and resilience. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2009. 335 p. Conclusions
When Is a Genetic Test Suitable for Prime Time? Predicting the Risk of Prostate Cancer as a Case-Example

Advances in genomics promise to deliver personalized medicine both for prevention and treatment of disease. Considerable effort is being directed towards translating observed associations between various genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and disease or drug response into clinically useful genetic tests. Unfortunately, because reported associations are usually weak or moderate, tests based on them are generally not accurate enough for use in routine clinical practice, and therefore, ensuring the appropriate use of genetic tests is important. In a recent report, a combination of 5 SNPs was claimed to improve the predictive value of the test for prostate cancer, compared with the individual SNPs. This led the authors to suggest that a 5-SNP-test could be used to predict the risk of prostate cancer. We evaluate the characteristics of the proposed test, comment on it, and summarize the views of others on its potential clinical utility. We hope that this may serve as a case-example for the evaluation of the many new genetic tests being suggested for adoption.
Auxiliary Sequential Importance Resampling Particle Filter (ASIR PF) Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Nonlinear System StateEstimation

uxiliary Sequential Importance Resampling Particle Filter is a recursive Bayesian filtering for nonlinear systems with non-Gaussian noise which uses the Monte Carlo method for calculating the posterior probability density functions. In this filter to estimate the system state, the current observations are used to approximate the proposed distribution function and causes particles to be located in areas with a high probability. One problem with this filter and other particle filters that we are facing is the particle degeneracy. Degeneracy phenomenon increases the variance of the weight of the particles after a while thus a divergence in state estimation is created. To minimize this effect, we use Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm which directs the particles toward the greater posterior probability density functions pots.
Mirroring Activity in the Brain and Movement Determinant in the Rorschach Test

Human movement (M) responses to the Rorschach are related to cognitive sophistication, creativity, and empathy. Recent studies also link Ms to EEG-mu suppression, an index of mirroring activity in the brain. In this article, we further investigate the link between Ms and mu suppression by testing some clinical interpretative distinctions. Previously collected EEG data recorded during the administration of the Rorschach were reanalyzed. We hypothesized that (a) among several responses investigated, only M would be associated with mu suppression, and (b) Ms with active movement, ordinary form quality, or whole human figures would be most strongly associated with mu suppression. Hypothesis 1 was fully confirmed, thus supporting that the traditional interpretation of M has a neurobiological foundation. Hypothesis 2 was partially confirmed; that is, active Ms were associated with mu suppression more strongly than passive Ms (p < .05), but no other significant differences emerged. Clinical implications are discussed.
Optimising the Location‐Allocation Problem with Multiple Objectives

The location‐allocation problem involves multiple shipping destinations, with known demands for a given product and known transportation costs from sources to destinations. The problem is to determine the number of facilities and their locations in order to best service the shipping destinations. This paper presents an approach to facility location which allows the analysis of multiple conflicting goals as an extension of previous solution approaches. Specifically, the paper applies the branch and bound integer goal programming approach to the location‐allocation problem.