Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction from multi-label examples

The task of text categorization is to assign one or more classes to a document. The simplest machine learning approach to such domains, simply induces a binary classifier separately for each class, and then uses these classifiers in parallel. An example of motivating application is a digital library collection that used to be classified into classes and sub-classes in a hierarchical order. Another important issue that we are considering is the document might belong to more than one class, in this case we will be working on a high performance multi-class label classifier. The study we are intending to do herein is going to show how much we can gain from machine learning. This mean, if we need something like 10 to 15% of the data for training, and testing or do we need > 50% of the data set for training and testing. In the latter case, the machine learning may don’t contribute that much. However, if 10 to 15% of the data set is needed, then, machine learning has a great contribution. The last issue we are working on in this research is the inter-class relation. Which means, if the example is classified to belong to a class C, does this mean, the example belong to parents and grandparents classes of the class C, and on the opposite way too? We will use a framework to classify documents automatically and this can indeed answer these questions. [Hind Hazza Alsharif, Wadee Saleh Alhalabi, Miroslav Kubat. Induction From Multi-label Examples. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):495-511] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 67
Joint Mean and Covariance Estimation with Unreplicated Matrix-Variate Data

ABSTRACT It has been proposed that complex populations, such as those that arise in genomics studies, may exhibit dependencies among observations as well as among variables. This gives rise to the challenging problem of analyzing unreplicated high-dimensional data with unknown mean and dependence structures. Matrix-variate approaches that impose various forms of (inverse) covariance sparsity allow flexible dependence structures to be estimated, but cannot directly be applied when the mean and covariance matrices are estimated jointly. We present a practical method utilizing generalized least squares and penalized (inverse) covariance estimation to address this challenge. We establish consistency and obtain rates of convergence for estimating the mean parameters and covariance matrices. The advantages of our approaches are: (i) dependence graphs and covariance structures can be estimated in the presence of unknown mean structure, (ii) the mean structure becomes more efficiently estimated when accounting for the dependence structure among observations; and (iii) inferences about the mean parameters become correctly calibrated. We use simulation studies and analysis of genomic data from a twin study of ulcerative colitis to illustrate the statistical convergence and the performance of our methods in practical settings. Several lines of evidence show that the test statistics for differential gene expression produced by our methods are correctly calibrated and improve power over conventional methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ BORÇLANMA VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİNİN NEDENSELLİK ANALİZLERİ

Bu calismada Turkiye’nin son yillardaki dis borc istatistikleri tartisilarak Turkiye ekonomisi uzerine yapilan calismalarin derlendigi dis borc ekonomik buyume literaturu incelenmekte ve Turkiye’de dis borclanma ve ekonomik buyume iliskisi ampirik olarak analiz edilmektedir. Literaturden farkli olarak bu calismada oncelikle degisik kontrol degiskenleri kullanilarak esbutunlesme testleri yapilmis, nedenselligi incelemek icin de dogrusal, dogrusal olmayan ve asimetrik nedensellik testleri kullanilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar, Turkiye Ekonomisinde dis borclanmanin ekonomik buyumeyi negatif etkiledigini ortaya koymaktadir. Tek istatistikli dogrusal ve dogrusal olmayan nedensellik testleri dis borclanma ile ekonomik buyume arasinda bir nedenselligin olmadigini gosterirken, asimetrik nedensellik testleri, nedenselligin yonunun sadece dis borclardan ekonomik buyumeye dogru oldugu durumda, negatif dis borc soklarinin negatif ekonomik buyumenin nedeni oldugu seklindedir.
MULTIWAVELENGTH MONITORING OF THE ENIGMATIC NARROW-LINE SEYFERT 1 PMN J0948+0022 IN 2009 MARCH–JULY

Following the recent discovery of γ rays from the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PMN J0948+0022 (z = 0.5846), we started a multiwavelength campaign from radio to γ rays, which was carried out between the end of 2009 March and the beginning of July. The source displayed activity at all the observed wavelengths: a general decreasing trend from optical to γ-ray frequencies was followed by an increase of radio emission after less than two months from the peak of the γ-ray emission. The largest flux change, about a factor of about 4, occurred in the X-ray band. The smallest was at ultraviolet and near-infrared frequencies, where the rate of the detected photons dropped by a factor 1.6–1.9. At optical wavelengths, where the sampling rate was the highest, it was possible to observe day scale variability, with flux variations up to a factor of about 3. The behavior of PMN J0948+0022 observed in this campaign and the calculated power carried out by its jet in the form of protons, electrons, radiation, and magnetic field are quite similar to that of blazars, specifically of flat-spectrum radio quasars. These results confirm the idea that radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies host relativistic jets with power similar to that of average blazars.
Une modélisation en CSP des grammaires de propriétés

Les Grammaires de Proprietes (GP) constituent un formalisme a base de contraintes capable de decrire a la fois des enonces bien-formes et des enonces agrammaticaux, ce qui en fait un formalisme particulierement interessant pour traiter de la gradience de grammaticalite, comme l'a demontre Prost (2008). Duchier et al (2009) ont defini une semantique des grammaires de proprietes en theorie des modeles. Cet article poursuit ce travail en montrant comment, a partir de cette semantique, definir l'analyse syntaxique en GP sous la forme d'un Probleme de Satisfaction de Contraintes (CSP), traitable au moyen de la programmation par contraintes
Spectral Domain Features for Ovarian cancer Data Analysis

The early detection of cancer is crucial for succes sful treatment. Medical researchers have investigat ed a number of early-diagnosis techniques. Recently, the y have discovered that some cancers affect the concentration of certain molecules in the blood, wh ich allows early diagnosis by analyzing the blood m ass spectrum. Researchers have developed several techniques for the analysis of the mass-spectrum curve analysis and used them for the detection of prostat e, ovarian, breast, bladder, pancreatic, kidney, li ver and colon cancers. In this study we propose a new techn ique that uses the spectral domain features such as wavelet transform and Fourier transform for the ana lysis of the ovarian cancer data to differentiate b etween normal and patients with malignant cancer. We used two different classifiers for the original data, th e first one is a feed forward artificial neural network cla ssifier which gave a sensitivity of 96%, specificit y of 88% and accuracy of 94%. The second used classifier is the linear discriminant analysis classifier which separated the cancer from healthy samples with sens itivity of 79%, specificity of 75% and accuracy of about 81%. After transforming the data to the spectral do main using the Fourier transform the performance wa s degraded. The experimental results showed that the performance of the wavelet transform based system was superior to other techniques as it gave a sensitivi ty of 98%, specificity of 96% and accuracy of 95%.
Harnessing Data to Create an Effective Drought Management System

Drought is a billion-dollar weather and climate disaster. It is a complex climate phenomenon that slowly emerges and quickly vanishes, making it hard for local stakeholders and the public to respond in a timely manner. To reduce the vulnerability of our society to future drought, a better understanding of how society responds to drought is critical. Here, we propose a pilot study about social response to a recent California drought through social media. In this study, we identify the most important users in the collected dataset using an extension of PageRank, the algorithm developed for Google Search. We investigate the key drivers of the peak of the Twitter activities in February, 2014, during the California drought. We also create a word cloud from the top 2,000 most retweeted tweets. Lastly, we specify the information sources from those tweets. The findings of this study show that big data can help us to improve current drought response plans through fundamental understanding of social response to drought.
Sensory and chemical studies of lipid oxidation in raw and heat-treated oat flours

Cereal Chem. 73(5):579-587 The storage stability of oat flours (Avena sativa L.) was investigated by sensory and chemical methods. Raw and heat-treated flour samples of three cultivars of oats (Kapp, Mustang, and Svea) were stored at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for 0, 5, 18, and 42 weeks before analyses. Descriptive sensory analysis and analyses of total fatty acids (FA), free fatty acids (FFA) and volatile lipid oxidation products were performed after each storage period. Storage of raw flours for five weeks resulted in 66% FFA but stable levels of flavors and volatile compounds. After 18 weeks, the level of volatiles and FFA was higher, while the samples at 42 weeks had an intense paint flavor, high levels of several volatiles, and reduced levels of FA and FFA. The major volatiles in stored oat flours were hexanal and 2-pentyl-furan. The other carbonyls were mainly aldeCompared to wheat, the lipid content of oats is =5 times higher (Percheron and L6liger 1990) and the lipolytic enzymes are 10-15 times more active (Matlashewski et al 1982). Milling to flours allows lipids and enzymes to react and release free fatty acids (FFA), which are much more susceptible to lipid oxidation than the original lipids. Oats contain a variety of antioxidants, including tocopherols and phenolic acids (Kalbasi-Ashtari and Hammond 1977), and are thus considered to be fairly stable towards nonenzymatic oxidation (Percheron and Loliger 1990). However, high levels of unsaturated FFA and the presence of lipoxygenase favor lipid oxidation. High moisture levels may further enhance the enzymic oxidation, and exposure to heat, oxygen, catalysts, or light accelerates nonenzymic oxidation (Galliard 1994). While most oats for feed are enzyme-active, most commercially processed oats for human consumption are stabilized by heat-treatment. An adequate heat process inactivates lipolytic enzymes and develops the characteristic, pleasant flavor that is associated with highquality commercial oat products. Optimum stability is expected after a heat treatment strong enough to inactivate lipolytic enzymes but mild enough to protect the natural antioxidants in oats and prevent excessive oxygen exposure due to drying (Galliard 1994). The storage stability of cereals may be studied by sensory or chemical methods. Studies of milled, rolled and whole cereals by use of descriptive sensory analysis and chemical methods have been reported in rice (Paule and Powers 1989, Piggott et al 1991), pearl millet (Lai and Varriano-Marston 1980), and oats (Dahl et al 1989; Molteberg et al, in press). Oat oil stability has also been studied (Fors and Schlich 1989). Most of the studies investigated the effects of processing and storage conditions and related the sensory attributes related to various lipid oxidation products. In rice, removal of the bran and aleurone layer increased the storage stability and reduced the levels of FFA, hexanal, and carbonyls
E . coli low molecular weight penicillin binding proteins help orient septal FtsZ , and their absence leads to asymmetric cell division and branching

Escherichia coli cells lacking low molecular weight penicillin binding proteins (LMW PBPs) exhibit morphological alterations that also appear when the septal protein FtsZ is mislocalized, suggesting that peptidoglycan modification and division may work together to produce cell shape. We found that in strains lacking PBP5 and other LMW PBPs, higher FtsZ concentrations increased the frequency of branched cells and incorrectly oriented Z rings by 10to 15-fold. Invagination of these rings produced improperly oriented septa, which in turn gave rise to asymmetric cell poles that eventually elongated into branches. Branches always originated from the remnants of abnormal septation events, cementing the relationship between aberrant cell division and branch formation. In the absence of PBP5, PBP6 and DacD localized to nascent septa, suggesting that these PBPs can partially substitute for the loss of PBP5. We propose that branching begins when mislocalized FtsZ triggers the insertion of inert peptidoglycan at unusual positions during cell division. Only later, after normal cell wall elongation separates the patches, do branches become visible. Thus, a relationship between the LMW PBPs and cytoplasmic FtsZ ultimately affects cell division and overall shape.
Discussion of "Business Cycle and the Life Cycle"

It has been well known for at least the past two decades that the standard neo-classical growth model, notwithstanding its surprising success in explaining many aggregate phenomena, performs poorly when it comes to explaining business cycle fluctuations in the labor market. The work of Gomme, Rogerson, Rupert, and Wright (henceforth GRRW) builds on the premise that the understanding of labor market fluctuations over the business cycle is enhanced by moving beyond standard representative-agent models. In particular, they propose to analyze models with heterogeneous agents and to study their implications, not only for the aggregate time series, but also for cyclical variation across heterogeneous groups of agents. Department of Economics, 2001 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-2600, USA. E-mail: nagypal@northwestern.edu
Cell-Biomaterial Interaction: Strategies To Mimic The Extracellular Matrix

Bio-mimicry is fundamental idea â€˜How to mimic the Natureâ€™ by various methodologies as well as new ideas or suggestions on the creation of novel materials and functions. This book comprises seven sections on various perspectives of bio-mimicry in our life; Section 1 gives an overview of modeling of biomimetic materials; Section 2 presents a processing and design of biomaterials; Section 3 presents various aspects of design and application of biomimetic polymers and composites are discussed; Section 4 presents a general characterization of biomaterials; Section 5 proposes new examples for biomimetic systems; Section 6 summarizes chapters, concerning cells behavior through mimicry; Section 7 presents various applications of biomimetic materials are presented. Aimed at physicists, chemists and biologists interested in biomineralization, biochemistry, kinetics, solution chemistry. This book is also relevant to engineers and doctors interested in research and construction of biomimetic systems.
Esthetic outcomes of unilateral cleft lip repaired by Millard technique through a proposed scoring system

Introduction: Measurement of treatment outcome is vital in estimating the success of cleft management and for quality improvement, especially in the present age. Scoring systems for the measurement of cleft lip treatment outcome can be broadly divided into qualitative and quantitative methods. Millard's rotation-advancement technique is a commonly used technique for cleft lip repair. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of this study was to assess the esthetic outcome of unilateral cleft lip repaired by Millard technique through a scoring system. Materials and Methods: The study comprised fifty patients with unilateral cleft lip who presented to our department for lip repair. Specific preoperative assessment of the extent of deformity was done by photographic evaluation and scoring. The preoperative assessment was done using an initial scoring system (ISS). Different scores were allotted to each of the nose and lip components, so as to grade the deformity from nil to severe. On the basis of ISS scoring, the cleft lip patients' preoperative deformity was graded into three grades: Mild, moderate, and severe. All patients were operated by a single surgeon, with extensive experience in cleft care. Postoperative evaluation was performed on the same lines, using postsurgical score as proposed by Asher-McDade et al., and further graded into excellent, good, fair, poor, and very poor. Nasolabial areas were evaluated independently by a panel of five investigators preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year, the mean value and standard deviation were calculated in each group. Statistical analysis was done in all patients using appropriate statistical tools, with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Incomplete cleft lip has better esthetic outcome than complete cleft lip repair using Millard's technique. Conclusions: Esthetic outcome depends on the extent of preoperative deformity, and the Millard method of lip repair shows excellent outcome in incomplete lip repair.
A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO SERVER-SIDE ANTI-SPAM E-MAIL FILTERING 1 2

Spam-detection systems based on traditional methods ave several obvious disadvantages like low detect ion rate, necessity of regular knowledge bases’ updates, impersonal filtering rule s. New intelligent methods for spam detection, whic h use statistical and machine learning algorithms, solve these problems successfu lly. But these methods are not widespread in spam f iltering for enterprise-level mail servers, because of their high resources consumptio n and insufficient accuracy regarding false-positiv e errors. The developed solution offers precise and fast algorithm. Its classificati on quality is better than the quality of Naïve-Baye s method that is the most widespread machine learning method now. The problem of time ef fici ncy that is typical for all learning based met hods for spam filtering is solved using multi-agent architecture. It allows easy syst em scaling and building unified corporate spam dete ction system based on heterogeneous enterprise mail systems. Pilot program implementati on and its experimental evaluation for standard dat a se s and for real mail flows have demonstrated that our approach outperforms existing learning and traditional spam filtering methods. T hat allows considering it as a promising platform for constructing enterprise spam filtering systems.
Surface Soft Phonon and the p 3 3 p 3 $ 3 3 3 Phase Transition in Sn Ge

Density functional theory calculations show that the reversible Sn Ge(111) p 3 3 p 3 $ 3 3 3 phase transition can be described in terms of a surface soft phonon. The isovalent Sn Si(111) case does not display this transition since the p 3 3 p 3 phase is the stable structure at low temperature, although it presents a partial softening of the 3 3 3 surface phonon. The rather flat energy surfaces for the atomic motion associated with this phonon mode in both cases explain the experimental similarities found at room temperature between these systems. The driving force underlying the p 3 3 p 3 $ 3 3 3 phase transition is shown to be associated with the electronic energy gain due to the Sn dangling bond rehybridization.
Review paper Bleeding complications after farmaco-mechanical treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Part II – clinical picture, prevention, treatment

92 Adres do korespondencji/Corresponding author: dr hab. n. med. Andrzej Kleinrok, Oddzia3 Kardiologii, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Wojewódzki im. Papie¿a Jana Paw3a II, ul. Aleje Jana Paw3a II 10, 22-400 Zamoœæ, tel. +48 84 677 34 30, faks +48 84 638 56 74, e-mail: kardiol@szpital.zam. pl Praca wp3ynê3a 19.02. 2009, przyjêta do druku 28.04. 2009. Powik3ania krwotoczne po farmako-mechanicznym leczeniu ostrych zespo3ów wieñcowych. Czêœæ II – obraz kliniczny, zapobieganie, leczenie Bleeding complications after farmaco-mechanical treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Part II – clinical picture, prevention, treatment
Diagnosing and Managing Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adulthood ( LADA )

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adulthood (LADA) is a slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus characterized by mature age at diagnosis, the presence of pancreatic autoantibodies, and the lack of an insulin requirement at diagnosis. Patients with LADA present with more preserved pancreatic beta-cell function than those with classic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but they usually experience a rapid and progressive loss of beta-cell function. Unlike in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), LADA tends to become rapidly unresponsive to intervention with oral medications and parenteral agents such as incretin mimetics. Individuals with LADA should be identified and treated intensively so that any remaining beta-cell function may be preserved and to lessen the risk for developing long-term complications.
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the 3 intestinal innate immune cell homeostasis in Crohn ' s disease

7 8 9 Running title GM-CSF and the intestinal immune homeostasis 10 11 Institutions The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Murdoch Children’s Research 12 Institute, Gastrointestinal Research in Inflammation & Pathology, Parkville 13 3052, VIC, Australia 14 University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Department of 15 Paediatrics, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia 16 University Children’s Hospital Münster, Department of Pediatric 17 Rheumatology and Immunology, Röntgenstr. 21, Münster 48149, NRW, 18 Germany 19 University of Münster, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research 20 (IZKF), Münster 48149, NRW, Germany 21 22 Correspondence Dr. Jan Däbritz, MD 23 Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne 24 Murdoch Children’s Research Institute 25 Gastrointestinal Research in Inflammation & Pathology (GRIP) 26 Parkville VIC 3052, Australia 27 Tel: +61 3 9936 6044; Fax: +61 3 9936 6528 28 E-Mail: Jan.Daebritz@uni-muenster.de 29 30 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (February 6, 2014). doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00409. 2013
Fahrerabsichtserkennung und Risikobewertung für warnende Fahrerassistenzsysteme

Um Unfalle zu vermeiden, benotigen warnende Fahrerassistenzsysteme eine schritthaltende Schatzung des aktuellen Kollisionsrisikos. Hierfur wird eine Methode vorgeschlagen, die grundsatzlich auf beliebige Verkehrssituationen anwendbar ist. Erreicht wird dies durch den Einsatz von generativen Modellen zur Beschreibung des erwarteten Fahrerverhaltens. Zugehorige Probandenstudien im Realverkehr zeigen vielversprechende Ergebnisse selbst unter Berucksichtigung von Echtzeitanforderungen.