Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of Ceratosolen galili, a Non-Pollinating Agaonid Fig Wasp'

The African fig tree Ficus sycomorus is host to two species of agaonid fig wasps, Ceratosolen arabicus and C. galili. Our studies of C. galili in southern Africa confirm that it does not actively pollinate the figs of F. sycomorus, although some accidental pollination takes place. The absence of pollination behavior in C. galili raises questions about the reasons why other agaonids pollinate the figs and thereby maintain the fig-fig wasp mutualism. C. galili larvae did not suffer elevated mortality rates when developing in unpollinated flowers and the only potential "cost" of not pollinating that we detected was that adult female C. galili were smaller than those of C. arabicus that developed on the same tree. UMCABANGO-NJE Umkhiiwane wase Afrika, i Ficus sycomorus, ungosokhaya wohlobo olubili lweminyouu, okuyi- Ceratosolen arabicus ne C. galili. Ucwaningo lwethu lwe C. galili yase Afrika yase-Ningizimu luginisekisile ukuthi ayiyiqholi neze imikhiwane ye F. sycomorus, nakuba kwenzeka ngengozi iqholeke lemi khiwane. Ukungaqholi kwe C. galili kususa imibuzo ngeziza thu ezenza ukuba eminye iminyouu eyi agaonids iziqhole izimbali zomkhiwane ngaleyondlela igcine ubudlelwano phakathi kwayo iminyouu nemikhiwane. Izibungu ze C. galili azange zitshengise izinga eliphakeme lokufa ngenkathi zikhula ezi mbalini ezingaqholiwe. Ukukhubazeka, nokho, esakubona wukuthi iminyouu yesifazane endala yayiyimincane ngemizimba kunaleyo yeminyouu eqhololayo, i C. arabicus eyayikhula kanye nayo esihlahlemi esisodwa.
Operational Managers’ Experiences Regarding Supportive Supervision at Primary Healthcare Facilities in the North West Province, South Africa

A lack of supportive supervision of operational managers is a disturbing phenomenon in the management of primary healthcare facilities in developing countries. The North West province of South Africa is not exempt from a lack of supportive supervision of operational managers. This occurs despite the burden of disease and a high demand for the provision of quality services. The study explored and described experiences of operational managers regarding supportive supervision by local area managers in the facilities of the North West province. Operational managers’ perceptions of how supportive supervision can be facilitated effectively were also described. A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory, and contextual study was conducted. The population comprised operational managers who worked for at least one year in the primary healthcare facilities. Purposive sampling was used and fundamental ethical principles underlying the protection of human participants were adhered to. Four semi-structured in-depth focus group interviews were conducted in the four districts of North West. The analysis of data followed Tesch’s method of content analysis. The first theme that surfaced concerned the participants’ experiences of factors related to compromised critical aspects of supportive supervision. The second theme embodied experiences of factors related to a lack of the qualities and competencies of a supportive supervisor. Perceptions of how effective supportive supervision of operational managers can be facilitated constituted the third theme. Based on the results, it was apparent that supportive supervision of operational managers in primary healthcare facilities should be enhanced.
RF-XGBoost Model for Loan Application Scoring in Non Banking Financial Institutions

— Non banking financial institutions which in short form known as NBFCs follow a simple four steps process in processing a loan application. These include filling the online application, uploading documents, credit analysis done by the company and disbursement. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid model called Random Forest Extreme Gradient Boosting (RF-XGBoost). In this model, application score is calculated and then status of the application is predicted whether to approve the loan or reject it. Here, a Random forest classifier is used to get the importance of each feature. Further, XGBoost and a simple neural net are used to predict the loan status. This entire lending space in assessing the credit risk is based on Artificial Intelligence technology, making it a profitable situation for borrowers and the platform lenders. Generating the unique score for the loan application will help the lender to process the loan more effectively to the customer. The experimental results showed that, RF-XGBoost model performance is best compared to Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Linear SVM and Neural Net-3 Layers.
Les substances volatiles de Argania spinosa (Sapotaceae)

Summary Argania spinosa, an endemic species from western-south of Morocco, was investigated for volatile components using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. As far as we know, it is the first time that volatile constituents of A. spinosa are identified. Thirty volatile compounds were detected from leaves, pulp and kernel of fruit. The main constituents of leaves were 14-methylidene-2,6, 10-trimethylhexadecene, (E) and (Z)-2,6, 10-trimethylhexadeca-1,3-diene, p-hydroxyphenylethanol, octan-3-one and pulegone. 5-Methyl-2-furfural, (E) and (Z) but-2-enol and methylbutyric acid were detected in the pulp. Only 14-methylidene-2,6,10-trimethylhexadecene was identified in kernel of fruit.
Navigating the Third Frontier of Antimicrobial Therapy to Support Women’s Health

This paper explores one of the underappreciated reasons for lack of efficacy in certain cases of antimicrobial therapy, namely the occurrence of a non-genetic resistance to antimicrobial drugs due to a metabolic quiescence of microorganisms. This review has centered on those microorganisms of particular importance in obstetrics and gynecology and accordingly has reviewed the nature and extent of the persister phenotype in relation to infectious agents affecting women’s health. We show how the quiescent persister microbial phenotype represents the next significant issue that could compromise successful antibiotic therapy. A brief history of antimicrobial therapy is provided as context for the problem posed by the persister phenotype. This review has been focused on the current literature having relevance for physicians concerned with women’s health. The study of this phenotype has led to increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms for this state which also provides ideas for rational development of drug candidates to interdict these organisms in human disease and explores the possibility of developing specifically targeted molecules to address persisters, research on screening botanicals, existing drugs and chemicals to discover novel approaches to the clinical consequence of microbial persisters. Of interest in this review, is the return to naturally occurring botanical substances, first to be used as anti-infectives, now being considered as possible agents to address persister microorganisms. Overall this paper aims to provide information tailored especially to the obstetrics and gynecology specialists.
A systematic review of how emotional self-awareness is defined and measured when comparing autistic and non-autistic groups

Background: Poor emotional self-awareness, often referred to as ‘alexithymia’ may be a common area of difficulty in autism. However, emotional self-awareness is labelled and defined differently in various strands of research, and is often measured by self-report. These issues may influence differences in emotional self-awareness between autistic and non-autistic groups. Thus, we need to examine how emotional self-awareness is defined and measured in this literature. Method: We systematically reviewed studies comparing emotional self-awareness in autistic and non-autistic participants. Forty-seven papers were identified for inclusion, and how emotional self-awareness was defined was extracted from each. Thematic analysis was conducted on extracted definitions. The measurement tools used in each paper were also reviewed, to assess the extent to which studies are reliant upon self-report. Results: We identified seven key themes in definitions of emotional self-awareness, with little consistency. Also, the themes identified mapped poorly onto the tools used to measure them. Most studies relied exclusively on self-report, and few used more than one tool. Only three behavioural measurement tools were identified. Conclusion: Emotional self-awareness has been variably defined by researchers in different strands of autism research. Moreover, most studies exclusively use self-report alone to measure this outcome, and this may not be reliable. To account for the multi-faceted nature of emotional self-awareness, future research would benefit from specifically defining which aspect of emotional self-awareness is under study and utilising multi-method approaches.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction Towards Ambiance, Service and Food Quality in Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Petaling Jaya

This case study is on customer satisfaction towards ambiance of facilities, service, and food quality from a behavioural perspective. The study is aimed at investigating customer complaints on the unhygienic conditions and bad attitude of staff during working hours in KFC Petaling Jaya, Malaysia (Laeranduil, 2018). The research examined the impact of food quality, investigated the effect of service quality and identified the influence of ambiance on customer satisfaction. To achieve the study goals, the researcher designed a questionnaire to collect data from randomly selected customers in KFC Petaling Jaya. From the questionnaires distributed to respondents, 294 were returned. The study’s results on food quality showed that most respondents agreed that KFC serves good quality food at KFC Petaling Jaya. For service quality, most of the respondents agreed that the crew at KFC Petaling Jaya serve customers well. For ambiance of the facilities, most of the respondents agreed that the ambiance in KFC Petaling Jaya is pleasing. Overall, the customers surveyed were satisfied with the ambiance of the facilities, service, and food quality of KFC Petaling Jaya.
Current practice in the use of subspecies, variety, and forma in the classification of wild plants

Summary Hamilton, C. W. & Reichard, S. H. : Current practice in the use of subspecies, variety, and forma in the classification of wild plants. - Taxon 41: 485-498. 1992. - ISSN 0040-0262. Infraspecific classification of plants continues to be practiced commonly by taxonomists: c. 8 % of species monographed in 26 major journals and series during the period 1987-1990 were subdivided. Of those, c. 42 % were divided into subspecies only, 52 %o into varieties, 3 % into formae, and 3 % into taxa of more than one level. Subspecies and varieties are usually defined as requiring some integrity - geographic, ecologic, and/or phylogenetic beyond the morphological. Despite some attempts to differentiate between subspecies and variety, they are largely equivalent in practice. European taxonomists tend to favor subspecies, whereas their counterparts in the United States usually employ variety. Formae usually are defined as lacking any extramorphological integrity. Given the general inconsistency of practice found, it is imperative that more authors state briefly their philosophy of infraspecific taxonomy so their classifications may be interpreted more clearly. Taxonomists collectively should promote greater standardization of infraspecific classification.
BOLTON COMPARISON BETWEEN CAUCASIAN AND CHINESE POPULATIONS

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use Bolton calculations to compare and detect tooth size discrepancies which may exist between Caucasian and Chinese subjects. MATERIALS & METHODS: Fifty Caucasians and fifty Chinese subjects’ study casts (25 male and 25 female) were selected who had a complete permanent dentition up to the first molars, without interproximal restorations or caries, and had no previous orthodontic treatment. Casts were measured with a Digital Caliper (accurate to 0.001”). The measurements were used to do the Bolton calculations for the over-all ratio (Overall 12) and for the anterior ratio (Anterior 6). Linear regression models with main effects for race and gender as well as an interaction effect between the groups, were used. RESULTS: No significant gender difference (p > 0.05) was found for the Overall 12 and the Anterior 6. A highly significant difference (p = 0.007) was found amongst the two ethnic groups for the Overall 12, but not for the Anterior 6 (p >0.05). For the Anterior 6 there was a significant difference (p = 0.04) in the group variances, with the Caucasian group showing more variance. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings in this study, for improved accuracy, it is advisable to generate Chinesespecific Bolton tables.
EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE INDUCTORS ON PR´S ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND SEVERITY OF MANGO ANTHRACNOSE

Background: anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is an important disease in mango (Mangifera indica) due to its worldwide distribution and inducting of severe epidemics in vegetative and reproductive states, causing significant losses. In nature, plants produce defense mechanisms to protect themselves from biotic and abiotic factors by increasing the synthesis of secondary metabolites and enzymes involving processes such as the accumulation of phenolic compounds, β-1, 3-glucanases and chitinases. Objective: in the present work, the increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds and enzymes related to pathogenesis β-1, 3-glucanases and chitinases was evaluated as a function of inducers of systemic resistance acquired: acibenzolar-S-methyl, salicylic acid and sodium phosphonate (phosphite). Methodology: the applications of treatments were initiated when the plants were approximately 2 years old (6 months of acclimation), the treatments were applied via foliage, the foliage sampling for the enzymatic analysis was performed taken at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days after inoculations (dai) and the variables evaluated were: phenolic compounds concentration, enzymatic activity of β-1,3-glucanasess (GLU) and chitinases (CHI) by chromatographic methods, also the incubation period, incidence, severity were evaluated. Results: analysis of variance, growth dynamics and correlation showed that those treatments where a resistance inducer was applied had significantly lower incidence and severity levels than the control, as well longer incubation periods. The dynamics of phenolic compound concentration and enzymatic activity were similar in all treatments except for control, observing peaks at 5 and 20 days after application. In addition, a significant correlation between the variables: area under the progress curve of the accumulation of phenolic compounds and activity of β-1, 3-glucanases and chitinases with the anthracnose incidence, severity and incubation period could be observed. Implications: in future studies it is recommended to analyze the behavior of treatments in multiple cultivars. Conclusion: these results contribute to the mango agronomic management in the region as precedent in the search to low environmental impact alternatives for diseases management, also contributing to the determination of disease’s etiology.
Assessment of Erythropoietin Efficacy in Treatment of Anemia in Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: Anemia is the most frequent condition in patients suffering from chronic renal disease. Iron supplements are commonly prescribed for these patients using oral and intravenous iron with or without erythropoietin therapy. Objectives: This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of IV iron versus oral iron in raising hemoglobin levels in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study that was conducted in Met-Ghamr Hospital of Nephrology and Urology from February 2019 to July 2019. The study included 50 CKD patients with anemia in the pre-dialysis stage. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients that were given IV iron while the 25 patients of group 2 were given oral iron. Both groups were monitored for 4 months for changes in hemoglobin levels and side effects. After the initial 4 months, patients in both groups who did not have a sufficient hemoglobin response to iron supplementation were prescribed an additional erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) with monitoring of hemoglobin response for the consequent 2 months. Results: We found a significant difference in the hemoglobin response between the two sets of patients in favor of the IV route after 4 months. We also found the safety profile of both routes to be comparable. After 4 months, the patients that received additional dose of Epoetin alfa (4000 IU/week for 2 months) showed a significant rise in hemoglobin level over the next 2 months compared to patients who did not receive the additional dose. Conclusion: We concluded that intravenous iron supplement is better than oral iron supplement in correction of anemia in pre-dialysis patients.
Determination of the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube on the treatment efficiency and design parameters in the activated sludge systems

In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been spreading around in various ways and can be involved in biological wastewater treatment processes. Their effect on treatment facilities is unknown. Therefore, when multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is found in activated sludge processes, it is important to define the treatment performance and to show the changes of the process design determined with biokinetic coefficients. In this paper, the potential effect of MWCNT on the activated sludge process was evaluated through the continuous flow tank reactor (CSTR). CSTR was exposed to wastewater contained 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L MWCNT. Addition of 10, 20, and 30 mg/L MWCNT provided 65.66%, 66.14%, and 74.77% total nitrogen removal, respectively. At the same time, these MWCNT amounts decreased the NH4 concentration by 71.81%, 52.34%, and 77.08%, respectively. Increasing of the MWCNT concentration causes a decrease in the rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The COD removal rates were 49.9%, 48.3%, and 35.08%, respectively. The experimental results showed that the increase of the MWCNT amount decreases Kd-value (from 6.36 to 2.63 d–1). Besides, as the amount of added MWCNT increased, a significant change of Y value did not occur and Kd increased from 0.9687 to 0.128 d–1.
Seasonal Changes of Fat Content in the Yellow Perch (Percaflavescens) of Two Laurentian Lakesr

Different body fat reserves in male and female yellow perch(Percaflavescens) may determine a marked differential mortality during the winter. This was revealed by a study in two Laurentian lakes of the Province of Quebec harboring stunted yellow perch with a marked predominance of males. The proportion of females in each year-class is markedly smaller, thus suggesting a higher mortality among immature and mature females than among males. In an attempt to explain the differential mortality , the seasonal variation of body fat content in males and females was measured; also the fat level at time ofdeath caused by starvation under laboratory conditions wars determined. The results showed that in the females the body fat content falls to a critical level of about 2Vo atleast 4 mo before spawning, whereas the males maintain a fat le ve I of almo st 57o thro ughout winte r.
ANALYSIS OF LOAD FORECASTING USING IOT

From the Indian power system spot of analysis outstanding to the geographical deviation in our country some states have excess of power and some have shortage of power. So to fill up this space among different states interconnection of power system must be there. There is a continuous change in load and demand of the supply so by interconnection the demand of the power on peak hour is satisfied by using load forecasting. Load forecasting is a data intensive statistical method. Internet of things (IOT) based online load forecasting (LF) collects those data from internet on demand and then performs fast statistical and optimization methods for forecasting efficiently. IOT based online LF not only depends on power systems properties, but also internet, machine-to-machine (M2M) connections, communications and computation facilities Power systems are typically large, complex and distributed. In this study, load data is collected from smart meters and stored as historical load data from this data we can know about maximum load demand and its time duration and also know about minimum load demand and its time duration from this data we can give that amount of power supply to specific time duration.
THE NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

The trio of Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) target conditions, malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea, constitute a devastating global disease burden killing over 1 million under-5 children annually. Nigeria accounts for almost 15% of global under-5 mortality. The World Health Organization is promoting iCCM in resource-constrained societies. Therefore, this study assesses the knowledge of community members on iCCM target conditions. Health belief model serves as a theoretical guide for the study, which was conducted in three purposively selected Local Government Areas in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study found that there are still some significant misconceptions despite the high prevalence of these diseases. About one-quarter of the respondents did not believe any of the diseases could kill a child. Socio-demographic variables have a significant effect on the knowledge gaps constituting barriers to the uptake of iCCM services. Despite the high usage of insecticide-treated bed-net, 68.9% of the respondents disclosed perceived malaria within the last 30 days preceding the survey. In all, 85.4% of the respondents have some religious barriers to attending health facilities. The study concluded that the diseases’ misconceptions limit the uptake of iCCM services where available. Therefore, knowledge of community members on iCCM needs to be improved.
Molecular phylogeny of the freshwater sponges in Lake Baikal

The phylogenetic relationship of the freshwater sponges (Porifera) in Lake Baikal is not well understood. A polyphyletic and/or monophyletic origin have been proposed. The (endemic) Baikalian sponges have been subdivided into two families: endemic Lubomirskiidae and cosmopolitan Spongillidae. In the present study, two new approaches have been made to resolve the phylogenetic relationship of Baikalian sponges; analysis of (1) nucleotide sequences from one mitochondrial gene, the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and of (2) one selected intron from the tubulin gene. Specimens from the following endemic Baikalian sponge species have been studied; Lubomirskia baicalensis, Baikalospongia intermedia, Baikalospongia recta, Baikalospongia bacillifera and Swartschewskia papyracea. They are all grouped to the family of Lubomirskiidae. Sequence comparisons were performed with the ubiquitously distributed freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris (family Spongillidae) as well as with one marine sponge, Suberites domuncula. A sequence comparison* of the mitochondrial COI gene revealed a monophyletic grouping of the endemic Baikalian sponges with S. lacustris as the most related species to the common ancestor. The sequences of the COI gene from B. recta, B. intermedia, B. bacillifera and L. baicalensis were found to be identical and separated from those of S. lacustris and S. papyracea. In a second approach, the exon/intron sequences framing the intron-2 of the sponge tubulin gene were chosen for the phylogenetic analysis. The intron sequences were aligned and used for construction of a phylogenetic tree. This analysis revealed again a monophyletic grouping with S. lacustris as the closest related species to the common ancestor. It is concluded that the Baikalian sponges, which have been studied here, are of monophyletic origin. Furthermore, the data suggest that the endemic species S. papyracea is the phylogenetically oldest, extant, endemic Baikalian sponge species.