Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yearly microbial cycle of human exposed surfaces in show caves

The human impact upon the subterranean microbiomes is not only a peril to the cave environment but might also affect future visitors. We focused on the changes that humans induced on the surfaces they came in direct or indirect contact with inside two intensely visited Romanian show caves, by means of commercially available microbial rapid test kits and molecular identification. Overall culturable bacteria abundance in the caves maintained high levels year-round while Enterobacteriaceae, coliform bacteria and Escherichiacoli levels peaked during the touristic season, reaching levels that could pose a threat to the health of the visitors. Culturable fungi abundance usually peaked in the spring, remained at a high level in the summer and started to slowly decrease towards the winter months. Differences were observed between the direct and indirect exposed surfaces, as the later had lower overall levels of bacteria and fungi, with increased Enterobacteriaceae loads. Most of the taxa identified are known biodeteriorants of subterranean surfaces and were previously associated with human altered caves. A Dothideomycete sp. previously unknown to the cave environments was detected. This was the first study to analyse the dynamics of the microbial communities of delicate subterranean surfaces in show caves through the use of commercially available test kits. We revealed that exposed surfaces in show caves, in direct or indirect contact with tourists, are host to high concentrations of cultivable microbes. The touristic activity was shown to influence the abundance and dynamics of the microbial communities inhabiting surfaces of show caves.
A novel approach to analyze the sentiments of tweets related to TripAdvisor

Abstract Sentiment Analysis has become a fascinating research area due to its wide application domain. In this paper, a novel approach for sentiment analysis have been developed for extracting the opinions from a given data source. The proposed approach is applied to one of the biggest service industries in the world: the travel industry. With the application of this approach, an analysis of opinions and sentiments expressed on Twitter about TripAdvisor is done. The analyses is done in statistical package R. This system uses quality parameters positive (POS), negative(NEG), neutral(NEU), JOY, SURPRISE, SADNESS, ANGER, DISGUST and FEAR for opinion and sentiments. A comparison of opinions and sentiments is done for various cities of India for TripAdvisor. With an analyses of these feedback, a judgement is generated for TripAdvisor as a trustworthy company.
AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF DILUTED VINASSE AS A SOURCE OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS FOR PEANUT AND CARROT CROPS

A field experiment was carried out at El- Ismailia Agriculture Research Station Farm located at 30° 35´41.9" N Latitude and 32° 16´ 45.8" E longitude in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was planted during summer season 2013 and carrot ( Daucus Carota) was planted during winter season (2013-2014) on sandy soil under drip irrigation system in order to agronomic evaluate the use of diluted vinasse, a by-product from sugar industries, as a potassium fertilizer source to reduce the potassium mineral fertilizers and monitoring the movement of phenols through the soil profile layers. Potassium mineral fertilizers were added with four rates , Zero, 50 ,75 and 100 % (K1,K2,K3 and K4) from the recommended dose , combined with five levels from the diluted vinasse 0, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20 % (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5), respectively. Data revealed that the use of diluted vinasse along with applied K- mineral fertilizers rates show significant decrease in pH values by increasing the concentration of both vinasse and K- mineral fertilizers. O.M, availability of N, P and K along with total phenols values, generally were also generally increased by increasing the concentration of vinasse, in presence of different rates of potassium mineral fertilizers especially for the soil surface layers as compared to sub soil layer. Treatment of K (75 %) combined with C (20%) was superior for availability of N, P and K as compared to vinasse only and other treatments for both tested crops . Total uptake of N, P, K (kg fed-1 along with yield components of both tested crops increased gradually by increasing the concentration of vinasse from C1 to C5 and K from K1 up to K3, then the values slightly decreased with K4 as compared to the other treatments. Interaction analysis revealed that N, P, K total uptake and total yield components for peanut (straw, seeds) and carrot (shoots, roots) recorded the highest values due to applying 75 % from the mineral K- fertilizers combined with diluted vinasse (20%) as compared to the control and other treatments; the lowest values of N, P and K uptake were recorded with control treatment (vinasse only). Finally, the application of diluted vinasse to sandy soils has added significant amounts of nutrients especially K as well as organic matter which improved soil chemical properties, nutritional status and crop yield. So, 25% from the potassium mineral fertilizer required for either peanut or carrot can be reduced by the use of diluted vinasse (20%). Moreover the use of diluted vinasse is safty for environment which did not cause any bioaccumulation of phenol compounds in sandy soils and thus the phenolic components, as expected, not contaminating the sub soil layer and ground water.
Deformation partitioning in mountain belts: insights from analogue modelling experiments and the Taiwan collisional orogen

Abstract Many orogens on the planet result from plate convergence involving subduction of a continental margin. The lithosphere is strongly deformed during mountain building involving subduction of a plate composed generally of accreted continental margin units and some fragments of downgoing oceanic crust and mantle. A complex deformation involving strong partitioning of deformation modes and kinematics produces crustal shortening, accompanied by crustal thickening. Partitioning depends on three main factors: (1) rheologic layering of the lithosphere; (2) interaction between tectonics and surface processes; (3) subduction kinematics and 3D geometry of continental margins (oblique convergence, shape of indenters). Here we present an original view and discussion on the impact of deformation partitioning on the structure and evolution of orogens by examining the Taiwan mountain belt as a case study. Major unsolved questions are addressed through geological observations from the Taiwan orogen and insights from analogue models integrating surface processes. Some of these questions include: What is the role played by décollements or weak zones in crustal deformation and what is the impact of structural heterogeneities inherited from the early extensional history of a rifted passive continental margin? What is the relationship between deep underplating, induced uplift and flow of crustal material during erosion (finite strain evolution during wedge growth)? Are syn-convergent normal faults an effect of deformation partitioning and erosion? What is the role of strain partitioning on the location of major seismogenic faults in active mountain belts? What can be learned about the long-term and the present-day evolution of Taiwan?
Coseismic Ground Rupture of the 15 October 2013 Magnitude (MW) 7.2 Bohol Earthquake, Bohol Island, Central Philippines

The 15 October 2013 magnitude (MW) 7.2 Bohol earthquake produced an ~50‐km‐long, ~12‐km‐wide northeast trending zone of uplift with an ~8‐km‐long discontinuous ground rupture indicating predominantly reverse‐slip movement on a southeast dipping fault. Documentation of the nearly continuous northern terminus of the 2013 Bohol earthquake ground rupture revealed its association to preexisting scarps of the previously unmapped, Quaternary‐active North Bohol Fault. Trenching across the rupture at four sites not only reveals the geometry and kinematics of the fault but also shows at least one or two pre‐2013 surface rupturing events. Onshore geologic mapping and offshore seismic reflection profiles demonstrate the presence of an island‐wide, northeast‐southwest trending fold‐and‐thrust belt through which deformation related to the regional shortening across the Visayan Sea Basin in the central Philippines is likely distributed.
Framework para la captura de eventos mediante interfaz natural de usuario

En el siguiente artículo se presenta una propuesta de framework abierto que permite integrar el uso de interfaces naturales para el control de objetos. La creación de este framework surge a raíz de la problemática encontrada en las diferentes soluciones que existen y sus respectivos frameworks asociados; Estas soluciones permiten el empleo de interfaces naturales en diferentes entornos, sin embargo todas ellas son aplicaciones nativas encapsuladas para cumplir un único propósito. Por tal motivo surgió la necesidad de la creación de un framework abierto para el control de objetos y la presentación del concepto de monitores que sustenta la creación del mismo. En particular se desarrollaron casos de prueba para el control de robots.
Estimation of Soil Evaporation and Vegetation Transpiration Using Two Trapezoidal Models From MODIS Data

Soil evaporation (ETs) and vegetation transpiration (ETv) are essential in evaporative demand analyses and agricultural applications. This study estimated ETs and ETv using two trapezoidal models, that is, the conventional trapezoidal model and the end‐member‐based soil and vegetation energy partitioning (ESVEP) model, at three AmeriFlux tower sites. First, the land surface temperature of a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) pixel was decomposed into soil and vegetation temperatures (Ts and Tv, respectively) which involve important information related to ETs and ETv and were compared with corresponding temperatures from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Then ETs and ETv were parameterized, and the total evapotranspiration (ET) was validated with the eddy covariance system measurements after energy imbalance corrections via the residual energy and Bowen ratio methods. The results showed that the ESVEP model partitioned Ts, with a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 1.56–2.70 K (4.98–10.16%), and Tv, with an RMSE of 2.54–2.80 K (9.73–11.11%), indicating a higher accuracy than that from the conventional trapezoidal model, where the RMSE was 2.26–3.64 K (7.31–13.40%) for Ts separation and 2.82–4.62 K (9.80–15.49%) for Tv separation. For the ET estimation, the ESVEP model still performed better. The estimation RMSE was 49.8–58.4 W/m2 (22.8–27.2%) for the ESVEP model and 72.0–89.5 W/m2 (29.8–41.1%) for the conventional trapezoidal model, compared to the RE corrected measurements; the RMSE was 42.6–53.3 W/m2 (24.4–28.1%) for the ESVEP model and 57.5–78.1 W/m2 (32.3–37.9%) for the conventional trapezoidal model, compared to the Bowen ratio corrected measurements.
Fault Stability Perturbation by Thermal Pressurization and Stress Transfer Around a Deep Geological Repository in a Clay Formation

The increase of temperature of a low‐permeability, fluid‐saturated media may trigger significant thermal pressurization, where the expansion of pore fluid cannot be accommodated by the thermal expansion of the pore space. With the aid of a coupled thermohydromechanical numerical simulator, we investigate the possible impact of thermal pressurization during the life of a deep geological repository (DGR) for high‐level radioactive waste, characterized by the emplacement of radioactive material‐filled canisters in a series of parallel tunnels, excavated in a low‐permeability clay formation. We represent the fault as a planar structure embedded in a thermoporoelastic material and shear activation evaluated by a strain‐softening Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion. The results show that stress changes caused by temperature and thermal pressurization of a rock mass around the emplacement tunnels may trigger a slip event on a fault plane in proximity of the geological disposal site: Rupture nucleates at depth, hundreds of meters below the DGR. Stress transfer plays a key role, while a direct hydraulic connection between the repository and the nucleation zone is not necessary in order to trigger rupture. A low stress ratio may favor the occurrence of slip up to a distance of 600 m of the fault from the outermost tunnel. These results highlight the need of investigating hydromechanical properties and local stress conditions at depth to characterize the geomechanical response of weak planes located in the surroundings of a high‐level radioactive waste repository and to provide sufficient knowledge for the safe development of the DGR site.
Characterization of Calcium Carbonate Rocks, East El Minya Deposits for Possibility Uses as Industrial Raw Materials

This study deals with prospecting and evaluation of the calcium carbonate rock deposits the East El-Minya, near the Nile Valley-Upper Egypt for a proper industrial use. The study covered the area located between the following points: G10 (28o 22ʹ 14ʺ N30o 48ʹ 42ʺ E), G4 (28o 10ʹ 21ʺ N30o 47ʹ 34ʺ E), N1 (28o 22ʹ 03ʺ N31o 07ʹ 03ʺ E), N10 (28o 09ʹ 58ʺ N30o 48ʹ 20ʺ \E) and N2 (27o 53ʹ 33ʺ N30o 57ʹ 52ʺ E). Channel samples were collected from trenches and quarries for valuation. Each sample was prepared by crushing and grinding for different types of analyses which were carried out using XRF for chemical composition and the brightness of the materials were also measured. The obtained results show that the studied area for limestone observed in the Middle Eocene deposits and has high quality compassion; purities and whiteness. According to the obtained results, the limestone deposits are suitable for chemical industry and others industrial uses where the specification needed for these industries exist.
Inclusion of Faults in 3-D Numerical Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Injection into the South Georgia Rift Basin, South Carolina

Citation: Brantley D, Waddell M, Shafer J, Lakshmi V (2016) Inclusion of Faults in 3-D Numerical Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Injection into the South Georgia Rift Basin, South Carolina. Int J Earth Sci Geophys 2:005 Copyright: © 2016 Brantley D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. *Corresponding author: Duke Brantley, Earth Sciences and Resources Institute, University of South Carolina, 1233 Washington Street Suite 300, Columbia, SC 29208, USA, E-mail: brantley@esri.sc. edu Received: August 05, 2015: Accepted: January 18, 2016: Published: January 22, 2016 VIBGYOR ISSN: 2631-5033
The shaping of Tibetan grasslands - combined effects of livestock-grazing and environment ; a multi-site, interdisciplinary study

Grasslands in northern China and the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are particularly important to both ecosystem functioning and pastoral livelihoods. Although there are numerous degradation studies on the effect of livestock grazing across the region, they are largely only published in Chinese, and most focus on single sites. Based on case studies from 100 sites, covering a mean annual precipitation gradient of 95 to 744 mm, we present a comprehensive, internationally accessible review on the impact of livestock grazing on vegetation and soils. We compared ungrazed or slightly grazed sites with moderately and heavily grazed sites by evaluating changes in two indicator groups: vegetation (plant species richness, vegetation cover, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and root/shoot ratio) and soil (pH, bulk density, organic C, total N, total P and available P). Most indicators declined with intensified grazing, while soil pH, bulk density and belowground biomass increased. Available P showed no clear response. Variables within indicator groups were mostly linearly correlated at a given grazing intensity. Relative grazing effects on different indicators varied along specific abiotic gradients. Grazing responses of plant species richness, aboveground biomass, soil bulk density, total N and available P interacted with precipitation patterns, while grazing effects on belowground biomass were influenced by temperature. Elevation had impact on grazing responses of aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon. Complex grazing effects reflect both methodological inconsistency and ecological complexity. Further assessments should consider specific characteristics of different indicators in the context of the local environment.
Response of Tomato Plants to Water Irrigation Levels and some Foliar Applications under Drip Irrigation System: 1- Vegetative Growth and Chemical Constituents of L.

This experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effect of various water irrigation levels (60%, 80% and 100% from ETo) and some foliar application treatments (chitosan, salicylic acid, silicon and proline) and their interactions on vegetative growth characteristics and leaf chemical constituents of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L) " Fayruz " hybrid under surface drip irrigation system in a private farm at Gemiana village near El-Mansoura city, Dakahlia Government, Egypt. All treatments under investigation significantly affected vegetative growth parameters, i.e., plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights, as well as chemical constituents of leaves as photosynthetic pigments (Chl. a, Chl. b and total Chl. a+b), leaf minerals content (N, P and K), proline and peroxidase activity. Results indicated that the highest values of all aforementioned parameters except proline and peroxidase were recorded when plants irrigated with 80% from ETO compare to 60% and 100 from ETO in both season of study, while the highest values of proline and peroxidase activity were recorded with 60% from ETO. All foliar applications treatments significantly increased vegetative growth traits, leaf mineral and pigments content compared to control (without foliar spray) which recorded the highest values of proline content and peroxidase activity. Foliar application of chitosan at 500 ppm was the most effective treatment on all aforementioned parameters followed with SA at 100 ppm. Concerning the interaction effect among water irrigation levels and foliar application treatments, the best result of all studied parameters were recorded when plants irrigated with 80% from ETO and sprayed with chitosan at 500 ppm. Therefore, this treatment could be recommended to increase tomato plant growth and improve its performance.
Two parametric functional dependents of time for construction of horizontal mining facilities in gneiss and schist

This paper presents the analysis of the construction of horizontal mining facilities where 18 variants of mining facilities were developed. The aim of this research was to determine the required time for construction of all variants and then to reduce it to the time required for construction of 1 m` per facilities. Also the required time for construction of 1000 m' of the same facilities is calculated. Based on analysis, two parametric functional dependents of construction time are determined in relation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass and the size of the facilities` cross section.
ImmoPixel: Immobilien und automatisierte Bilderkennung

Die Vernetzung von immobilienwirtschaftlichem Know-How mit der Technologie der automatisierten Bilderkennung (image analysis) besteht derzeit aus wissenschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Sichtweise noch nicht. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens „ImmoPixel“ ist der Aufbau und die nachhaltige Positionierung eines Zentrums für Bilderkennung im Kontext der Immobilie. Vor allem die Vereinigung von immobilienwirtschaftlichem Wissen aus dem Themenfeld der Immobilienbewertung und automatisierter Bildererkennung steht dabei im Mittelpunkt. Es werden zwei aktuelle Forschungsprojekte vorgestellt, die einerseits die Gebäudeeigenschaften (Si) und andererseit die Lage (Li) mit Hilfe der Bilderkennung klassifiziert. Das Projekte „(I)mmo(A)ge“ klassifiziert das Baujahr bzw. die Bauperiode sowie regionale Bauweisen von Einfamilienhäusern mit Hilfe von Bilderkennungsverfahren. Im zweiten Projekt „ImmBild“ wird eine Lageklassifizierung durch Bildanalyse entwickelt, die ohne weitere externe Daten auskommt – d.h. lediglich durch ein Satellitenbild erfolgt die Klassifizierung. Beide Projekte weisen unterschiedliche Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Daten und methodischen Herangehensweise auf. Automatische Bilderkennung, Immobilienwirtschaft, Computer Vision, Hedonische Preise, Maschinelles Lernen Ausgangsituation und Ziel Aus immobilienökonomischer Sichtweise ist die Wertermittlung einer Immobilie sowohl durch die gesetzlich geregelten Bewertungsverfahren (Vergleich-, Sachund Ertragswert) gegeben (LBG, 1992), als auch im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs mit der Theorie der hedonischen Preise das theoretische Gerüst für die Immobilienbewertung (Liao & Wang, 2012). Formal, nach der Theorie der hedonischen Preise lässt sich der Wert einer Immobilie wie folgt anschreiben: , , . Wobei P der Preis (Wert) der Immobilie darstellt, Si einen Vektor mit Gebäudeeigenschaften, Li einen Vektor mit Lagevariablen und Ni beschreibt Nachbarschaftliche bzw. Umwelteinflüsse wie bspw. da Zinsniveau. (Herath & Maier, 2010), (Sirmans, Macpherson, & Zietz, 2005) und (Sirmans, MacDonald, Macpherson, & Zietz, 2006). Aufbauend auf dieser Herleitung werden zwei aktuelle Forschungsprojekte vorgestellt, die einerseits die Gebäudeigenschaften (Si) und andererseit die Lage (Li) mit Hilfe der Bilderkennung klassifiziert. Das Projekte „(I)mmo(A)ge“ klassifiziert das Baujahr bzw. die Bauperiode sowie regionale Bauweisen von 118 – Multimedia retrieval, visualisation and data literacy
Repetitive Ultra-low Stress Induced Nanocrystallization in Amorphous Cu‒Zr‒Al Alloy Evidenced by in situ Nanoindentation

Stress driven nucleation of nanocrystals in amorphous alloys has been a subject of intensive debate in the past decade. It has long been postulated that nanocrystals form succeeding the occurrence of shear bands in deformed amorphous alloys. In this study, we show, via in situ nanoindentation of amorphous Cu44Zr44Al12 alloy in a transmission electron microscope that the formation of nanocrystals occurred at an ultra-low stress of 0.25 GPa in the elastic deformation regime, accompanied by load-drops without evidence of shear bands. Furthermore, during successive loading, repetitive nanocrystal nucleation events were observed, and the stress required for nucleation kept on increasing to ∼0.54 GPa, implying the occurrence of a ‘hardening’ effect in the amorphous alloy. This study provides direct evidence to advance our understanding on deformation-induced nanocrystallization of amorphous alloys.
History, Memory, and [Archaeological?] Heritage at Nombre De Dios, Panama

PAGE This thesis explores notions of 'heritage1 among residents of Nombre de Dios, Panama through the combined ethnographic methods of participant-observation, public archaeology and semi-structured interviews. This diversified strategy enabled an examination of history, memory, and the archaeological past at the individual, community, and national levels of society. Illustrating the discursive relationship between society and the individual in forming conceptions of'heritage,' this research argues for an expanded treatment of the term. Rather than a static idea, 'heritage' is better considered an emergent process with people negotiating constantly-evolving narrations of their relationships with the past. This thesis further provides an example of how ethnographic research within archaeological endeavors can illuminate local priorities, rather than simply serving to further archaeologists' purposes. Conducted in this way, archaeologists have the opportun ity to make their work relevant by more closely aligning; their own priorities with those of descendent and community stakeholders. T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s