Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repair integrity and functional outcome after arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair. A prospective outcome study.

BACKGROUND The retear rate following rotator cuff repair is variable. Recent biomechanical studies have demonstrated that double-row tendon-to-bone fixation excels in initial fixation strength and footprint coverage compared with the single-row or transosseous fixation methods. This study was designed to report the repair integrity and clinical outcome following arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair. METHODS A consecutive series of 106 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears underwent arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair with use of suture anchors and were followed prospectively. Twenty patients lacked complete follow-up data or were lost to follow-up. The eighty-six study subjects included fifty-two men and thirty-four women, with an average age of 60.5 years. There were twenty-six small, thirty medium, twenty-two large, and eight massive tears. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at an average of thirty-one months. Repair integrity was estimated with use of magnetic resonance imaging, which was performed, on the average, fourteen months postoperatively, and was classified into five categories, with type I indicating sufficient thickness with homogeneously low intensity; type II, sufficient thickness with partial high intensity; type III, insufficient thickness without discontinuity; type IV, the presence of a minor discontinuity; and type V, the presence of a major discontinuity. RESULTS The average clinical outcome scores all improved significantly at the time of the final follow-up (p < 0.01). At a mean of fourteen months postoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging revealed that thirty-seven shoulders had a type-I repair; twenty-one, a type-II repair; thirteen, a type-III repair; eight, a type-IV repair; and seven, a type-V repair. The overall rate of retears (types IV and V) was 17%. The retear rate was 5% for small-to-medium tears, while it was 40% for large and massive tears. The shoulders with a type-V repair demonstrated significantly inferior functional outcome in terms of overall scores and strength compared with the other types of repairs (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic double-row repair can result in improved repair integrity compared with open or miniopen repair methods. However, the retear rate for shoulders with large and massive tears remains higher than that for smaller tears, and shoulders with large repair defects (type V) demonstrate significantly inferior functional outcomes.
Institutional Herding in Financial Markets: New Evidence Through the Lens of a Simulated Model

Due to data limitations and the absence of testable, model-based predictions, theory and evidence on herd behavior are only loosely connected. This paper contributes towards closing this gap in the herding literature. We use numerical simulations of a herd model to derive new, theory-based predictions for aggregate herding intensity. Using high-frequency, investor-specific trading data we confirm the predicted impact of information risk on herding. In contrast, the increase in buy herding measured for the financial crisis period cannot be explained by the herd model.
Synthetic Aperture Focusing Applied to Imaging Using a Rotating Single Element Transducer

—This paper applies the concept of virtual sources and mono-static synthetic aperture focusing (SAF) to 2-dimensional imaging with a single rotating mechanically focused concave element with the objective of improving lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The geometrical focal point of the concave element can be considered as a point source emitting a spherical wave in a limited angular region. The SAF can be formulated as creating a high resolution line as a sum over low resolution lines (LRL). A LRL is the contribution from a single emission. Simulation in Field II is based on moving the concave element of radius 2.5 mm along a circle of radius 10 mm. Elements with different concave curvatures are used to obtain geometrical focusing depths at 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm. Point targets in the range from 5 mm to 65 mm are used as image objects. The high resolution images (HRI) are shown and the radial and angular resolution are extracted at -6 dB and -40 dB. The performance of the setup with a VS at 20 mm is superior to the other setups. Due to the rotation, the synthesized aperture only experiences a moderate expansion, which is not sufﬁcient to reduce the extent of the wide point spread function of a single emission. The effect of SAF with focal depth at 20 mm is negligible, caused by the small number of LRL applied. The great proﬁt of the SAF is the increase in SNR. For the setup with focal depth at 20 mm the SAF SNR gain is 11 dB. The SNR gain of a setup with a VS at radius 10 mm or 15 mm over conventional imaging with a VS at 20 mm, is also 11 dB.
The effect of positive airway pressure during pre‐oxygenation and induction of anaesthesia upon duration of non‐hypoxic apnoea

Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) applied during induction of anaesthesia may prevent atelectasis formation in the lungs. This may increase the duration of non‐hypoxic apnoea by increasing the functional residual capacity. We studied the benefit of PEEP applied during the induction of anaesthesia on the duration of apnoea until the SpO2 reached 90%. Forty ASA I‐II patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. In the PEEP group (n = 20) patients were pre‐oxygenated using 100% O2 administered using a CPAP device (6 cmH2O) for 5 min. Following induction of anaesthesia, patients were mechanically ventilated (PEEP 6 cm H2O) for a further 5 min. In the ZEEP group (n = 20), no CPAP or PEEP was used. The duration of apnoea until SpO2 reached 90% was measured. Non‐hypoxic apnoea duration was longer in the PEEP group compared to ZEEP group (599 ± 135 s vs. 470 ± 150 s, p = 0.007). We conclude that the application of positive airway pressure during induction of anaesthesia in adults prolongs the non‐hypoxic apnoea duration by > 2 min.
From employees' OCB to customers' OCB: Testing a mediation model

Organizational citizenship behavior to customers (OCB-C) and customer citizenship behavior (CCB) are two new branches in organizational citizenship behavior field. Here, we introduced social identity theory and derived customer identification theory to explore how OCB-C influence CCB through customer identification. A mediation model was put forward, and propositions were established, showing that OCB-C has positive effect on CCB through mediating effects of customer identification. Implications were discussed and the future research agenda was advanced.
Translocation of Jellyfish Green Fluorescent Protein via the Tat System of Escherichia coli and Change of Its Periplasmic Localization in Response to Osmotic Up-shock*

The bacterial twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is capable of exporting cofactor-containing enzymes into the periplasm. To assess the capacity of the Tat pathway to export heterologous proteins and to gain information about the property of the periplasm, we fused the twin arginine signal peptide of the trimethylamine N-oxide reductase to the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP). Unlike the Sec pathway, the Tat system successfully exported correctly folded GFP into the periplasm ofEscherichia coli. Interestingly, GFP appeared as a halo in most cells and occasionally showed a polar localization in wild type strains. When subjected to a mild osmotic up-shock, GFP relocalized very quickly at the two poles of the cells. The conversion from the halo structure to a periplasmic gathering at particular locations was also observed with spherical cells of theΔrodA-pbpA mutant or of the wild type strain treated with lysozyme. Therefore, the periplasm is not a uniform compartment and the polarization of GFP is unlikely to be caused by simple invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane at the poles. Moreover, the polar gathering of GFP is reversible; the reversion was accelerated by glucose and inhibited by azide and carbonyl cyanidem-chlorophenylhydrazone, indicating an active adaptation of the bacteria to the osmolarity in the medium. These results strongly suggest a relocalization of periplasmic substances in response to environmental changes. The polar area might be the preferential zone where bacteria sense the change in the environment.
Deletion of CD98 Heavy Chain in T Cells Results in Cardiac Allograft Acceptance by Increasing Regulatory T Cells

Background Little is known about the CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) in the T lymphocyte–mediated immune response to alloantigen. Methods We used an in vitro mixed leukocyte reaction assay and a cardiac transplantation model to evaluate the mechanisms of CD98hc in regulating alloimmune responses. Results A T cell–specific deficiency of CD98hc resulted in lower responses to alloantigen stimulation in a mixed leukocyte reaction assay, and CD98hc-deficient mice accepted full major histocompatibility complex–mismatched cardiac allografts. Consistent with graft survival, the infiltration of the graft by immune cells in CD98hc-deficient mice was significantly lower than that in wild-type mice. A chemotaxis assay revealed the migration of CD98hc-deficient lymphocytes to decrease in the presence of CCL5 compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, the proportion of CD4/Foxp3-positive cells and Foxp3 messenger RNA increased significantly in CD98hc-deficient recipients, consistent with the down-regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin and PS6 kinase; and allograft permanent acceptance was shortened by the depletion of antibody-induced regulatory T cells. Finally, neutralizing antibody against CD98hc prolonged the cardiac allograft survival. Conclusions Taken together, our data indicate that T cell–specific deficiency in CD98hc can contribute to cardiac allograft permanent acceptance correlating with the attenuation of lymphocyte migration and by increasing the generation of regulatory T cells. These findings are expected to make it possible to develop novel approaches for treating allograft rejection and promoting transplantation tolerance.
Interactive discovery of sequential patterns in time series of wind data

ABSTRACT Wind speed and direction vary over space and time due to the interactions between different pressures and temperature gradients within the atmospheric layers. Near the earth’s surface, these interactions are modulated by topography and artificial structures. Hence, characterizing wind behaviour over large areas and long periods is a complex but essential task for various energy-related applications. In this study, we present a novel approach to discover wind patterns by integrating sequential pattern mining and interactive visualization techniques. The approach relies on the use of the Linear time Closed pattern Miner sequence algorithm in conjunction with a time sliding window that allows the discovery of all sequential patterns present in the data. These patterns are then visualized using integrated 2D and 3D coordinated multiple views and visually explored to gain insight into the characteristics of the wind from a spatial, temporal and attribute (type of wind pattern) point of view. This proposed approach is used to analyse 10 years of hourly wind speed and direction data for 29 weather stations in the Netherlands. The results show that there are 15 main sequential patterns in the data. The spatial task shows that weather stations located in the same region do not necessarily experience similar wind pattern. For within the selected time interval, similar wind patterns can be observed in different stations and in the same station at different times of occurrence. The attribute task discovered that the repetitive occurrences of chosen pattern indicate as regular wind behaviour at different weather stations that persisted continuously over time. The results of these tasks show that the proposed interactive discovery facilitates the understanding of wind dynamics in space and time.
Relish regulates expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in the honeybee, Apis mellifera, shown by RNA interference

Relationships of immune genes in adult honeybees (Apis mellifera) were investigated using RNA interference (RNAi). Quantitative RT‐PCR was applied to estimate gene expression and the extent of gene silencing. Relish is a transcription factor and forms an important part of the IMD signalling pathway. The expression of the immune gene Relish was significantly reduced by RNAi (ca. 70%). The proposed regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes by Relish could be established for abaecin and hymenoptaecin. These two genes showed a reduction in gene expression to the same extent as Relish. However, the antimicrobial peptide gene defensin‐1 was not affected which suggests defensin‐1 is regulated by a different signalling pathway.
Intravenous Penciclovir for Treatment of Herpes Simplex Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: Results of a Multicenter, Acyclovir-Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT The efficacy and safety of penciclovir (PCV) for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in immunocompromised (IC) patients were studied in a double-blind, acyclovir (ACV)-controlled, multicenter study. A total of 342 patients with mucocutaneous HSV infections received 5 mg of PCV per kg every 12 or 8 h (q12h or q8h) or 5 mg of ACV per kg q8h, beginning within 72 h of lesion onset and continuing for up to 7 days. The mean age of the patients was 49 years; 94% were white and 52% were female. The main reasons for their IC states were hematologic disorder (63%) and transplant plus hematologic disorder (16%). Clinical and virological assessments were performed daily during the 7-day treatment and then every other day until lesion healing. The primary efficacy parameter addressed new lesion formation. Secondary end points focused on viral shedding, healing, and pain. Approximately 20% of patients in each treatment group developed new lesions during therapy; thus, equivalence with ACV (defined prospectively) was demonstrated for both q12h and q8h PCV regimens. For all three treatment groups, the median time to the cessation of viral shedding was 4 days and the median time to complete healing was 8 days; there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of complete healing or the cessation of viral shedding when the results for PCV q12h and q8h were compared with those for ACV q8h. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between PCV q12h or q8h, compared with ACV q8h, for the resolution of pain. PCV was well tolerated, with an adverse event profile comparable to that of ACV. In conclusion, PCV q12h is a well-tolerated and effective therapy for mucocutaneous HSV infection in IC patients and offers a reduced frequency of dosing compared with ACV q8h.
IV.8. Evolution of Mating Systems: Outcrossing versus Selfing

Mating systems vary enormously among groups of organisms. This has led to diverse definitions and approaches for investigating their evolution and maintenance. Animal mating systems are characterized by different patterns of parental investment in offspring and variation in the extent to which sexual selection shapes male and female traits (see chapter VII.4). A primary focus of most studies is determining the causes and consequences of variation in mate number for females and males. In contrast, in hermaphrodite organisms, particularly plants, the emphasis is largely on determining the incidence of crossand self-fertilization and its fitness consequences. Most studies of matingsystem evolution have been conducted on plants and largely concern the ecological and genetic mechanisms responsible for evolutionary transitions from outcrossing to predominant self-fertilization, and the extent to which mixed mating can be maintained as a stable strategy. Models of mating-system evolution involve the balance between the transmission advantage of alleles affecting the selfing rate and the reduced fitness of self-fertilized offspring because of inbreeding depression. Selfing provides reproductive assurance whenever outcrossing is limited by the availability of pollinators or mates and thus low density often plays an important role in matingsystem transitions. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of mating systems using phylogenies indicates that transitions to predominant selfing have occurred on numerous occasions, although selfing lineages are often short-lived because of the negative effects of selfing on the genome.
Use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England: a population based survey.

OBJECTIVES Many claims are made that complementary medicine use is a substantial and growing part of health-care behaviour. Estimates of practitioner visits in the USA and Australia indicate high levels of use and expenditure. No reliable population-based estimates of practitioner use are available for the UK. METHODS In 1998, a previously piloted postal questionnaire was sent to a geographically stratified, random sample of 5010 adults in England. The questionnaire focuses on practitioner contacts, but also asked about the purchase of over-the-counter remedies. Additional information was requested on socio-demographic characteristics, perceived health, and recent NHS resource use. Information on use included reason for encounter, expenditure, insurance, and location of visit. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Population estimates (by age group and sex) of lifetime use and use in the past 12 months for acupuncture, chiropractic, homoeopathy, hypnotherapy, medical herbalism, osteopathy. Estimates for two additional therapies (reflexology and aromatherapy), and homoeopathic or herbal remedies purchased over-the-counter. Estimates of annual out-of-pocket expenditure on practitioner visits in 1998. RESULTS A crude response rate of 60% was achieved (adjusted response rate 59%). Responders were older and more likely to be female than non-responders. Usable responses (n = 2669) were weighted using the age/sex profile of the sample frame. From these adjusted data we estimate that 10.6% (95% CI 9.4 to 11.7) of the adult population of England had visited at least one therapist providing any one of the six more established therapies in the past 12 months (13.6% for use of any of the eight named therapies, 95% CI 12.3 to 14.9). If all eight therapies, and self-care using remedies purchased over the counter are included, the estimated proportion rises to 28.3% (95% CI 26.6 to 30.0) for use in the past 12 months, and 46.6% (95% CI 44.6 to 48.5) for lifetime use. All types of use declined in older age groups, and were more commonly reported by women than men (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). An estimated 22 million visits were made to practitioners of one of the six established therapies in 1998. The NHS provided an estimated 10% of these contacts. The majority of non-NHS visits were financed through direct out-of-pocket expenditure. Annual out-of-pocket expenditure on any of the six more established therapies was estimated at pound 450 million (95% CI 357 to 543). CONCLUSION This survey has demonstrated substantial use of practitioner-provided complementary therapies in England in 1998. The findings suggest that CAM is making a measurable contribution to first-contact primary care. However, we have shown that 90% of this provision is purchased privately. Further research into the cost-effectiveness of different CAM therapies for particular patient groups is now urgently needed to facilitate equal and appropriate access via the NHS.
Physician communication about the cost and acquisition of newly prescribed medications.

OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and content of physician discussions about the cost and acquisition of new medications. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative and quantitative study combining patient and physician surveys with transcribed audiotaped office visits from 185 outpatient encounters with 15 family physicians, 18 internists, and 11 cardiologists in 2 Sacramento healthcare systems between January and November 1999, in which 243 new medications were prescribed. METHODS Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed to describe conversations concerning the cost and acquisition of new medication prescriptions, frequencies of discussions were described, and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of cost discussions. RESULTS For one third of newly prescribed medications, physicians discussed an aspect of acquisition, including cost and insurance coverage for 12%, logistics of obtaining medications for 18%, and medication supply for 9%. Patients initiated cost or insurance concerns for fewer than 2% of the new medications prescribed. There were 5 discussions about patient out-of-pocket costs and 7 discussions offering tips for cost savings. In multivariate analysis, cost discussions were more likely to occur with patients earning less than 20,000 dollars per year compared with those earning more than 60,000 dollars per year, were less likely to occur with medications prescribed by family physicians or internists compared with cardiologists, and were less likely with medications prescribed to older patients. CONCLUSIONS Physician-patient discussions about new medication cost and other acquisition issues, especially medication affordability, occur infrequently. Because physicians may not recognize patients' financial impediments to acquiring medications, this issue should be raised when prescribing new medications.
Toldo urbano: posibilidades de reducción de la demanda de refrigeración

El contexto de crisis económica y energética en que nos encontramos, hace necesario repensar la forma de planificar la ciudad partiendo de un concepto global de eficiencia y entendiendo los edificios no como entes aislados que consumen energía, sino como parte de un sistema, consumidor una escala mucho mayor. La relación entre morfología urbana y el microclima es una cuestión ampliamente tratada, abordándose el fenómeno isla de calor o el confort en espacios urbanos. Sin embargo, en cuanto a la influencia de estas variaciones microclimáticas sobre el consumo energético del edificio, aún queda mucho por hacer. En esta línea, nos planteamos: ¿sería posible implantar estrategias de modificación del microclima a escala urbana, que aumenten los niveles de confort en exterior y, simultáneamente disminuyan el consumo de los edificios? En este artículo se analiza el caso del toldo urbano. Su eficacia como elemento de sombra, y su capacidad de mejorar las condiciones exteriores en climas con exceso de radiación solar, está ampliamente demostrada. En esta ocasión, nos centramos en su repercusión sobre el ambiente interior en edificios residenciales. El caso de estudio se localiza en Córdoba (España), ejemplo de clima con verano cálido y seco (según CTE, severidad 4). Se ha creado un modelo de cañón urbano, en cuya parte central se ubican los dos edificios (uno a cada lado de la calle) objeto de simulación energética con Design Builder. Las características del modelo y simulación, responden a condiciones similares a las edificaciones residenciales del entorno. La efectividad del toldo se ha analizado en base a la disminución de demanda de refrigeración que genera, teniendo en cuenta ambos edificios. Se han considerado tanto variables espaciales (orientación de la calle, proporción ancho-alto, % de hueco en fachadas) como materiales (Transmitancia y masa de los cerramientos,% obstrucción solar del toldo). Los resultados reflejan reducciones de demanda entre el 18 y el 45% y una mayor importancia de las variables espaciales frente a las materiales. El % de hueco en fachada se muestra como parámetro de gran relevancia, en contraposición a la masa y la transmitancia. Se concluye que el análisis debe efectuarse considerando las dos fachadas urbanas en su totalidad, es decir, partiendo de una perspectiva urbana que trasciende de la escala local de edificio.