Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Behaviour of Tribal Women Participating in Agricultural Works: An Empirical Study

Based on empirical study, this paper plans to highlight the consequences of agricultural work participation upon reproductive behavior of tribal women analyzing the fertility pattern of 390 sample numbers of Deori and Mishing women of North East India. While analyzing the reproductive behavior of sample women, the agriculture related impact factors on fertility have been considered. Rank correlation and logistic regression have been used as analytical tools. The study has been completed in four sections: section-I deals with the paradox, section – II covers the literature reviewed, section-III includes research methodology & limitation of the study and section –IV has been devoted for discussion of analytical results and conclusion. The findings show that neither the agricultural farm size, nor the paddy farm size has any significant correlation with the reproductive health behavior of ever married women of the sample family.
Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Colors of Young Stellar Objects

We compare the infrared colors predicted by theoretical models of protostellar envelopes and protoplanetary disks with initial observations of young stellar objects made with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Disk and envelope models characterized by infall and/or accretion rates found in previous studies can quantitatively account for the range of IRAC colors found in four young embedded clusters: S140, S171, NGC 7129, and Cep C. The IRAC color-color diagram ([3.6]-[4.5] vs. [5.8]-[8.0]) can be used to help distinguish between young stars with only disk emission and protostars with circumstellar envelopes.
Perigastric lymph node status can be a simple prognostic parameter in patients with gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The number of metastatic lymph nodes has been a significant prognostic factor after curative resection of gastric cancer and adopted as a new UICC classification of nodal stages in gastric cancer. The extent of lymphadenectomy is another significant factor but has been fiercely debated. Regardless of the type of lymphadenectomy, perigastric lymph node dissection is always carried out. In this study, we examined whether the number of metastatic perigastric nodes can be a prognostic indicator of gastric cancer. METHODOLOGY For the purpose of evaluating perigastric lymph node status, a retrospective study was carried out with 760 patients who underwent curative gastric resection from June 1994 to November 1998. RESULTS The 4-year cumulative survival rate was 64% and the survival rate decreased significantly when the number of positive perigastric nodes exceeded 3. Comparing with the patients having 0-2 positive perigastric nodes, patients whose metastatic perigastric lymph nodes exceeded 3 or more exhibited deeper tumor invasion, larger tumor size and older age. Multivariate analysis identified the number of positive perigastric nodes, together with depth of tumor invasion, as the strongest independent prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the number of metastatic perigastric nodes can be used as a simple prognostic parameter in patients with gastric cancer and that intensive follow-up and adjuvant chemotherapy should be recommended for the patients with more than 3 metastatic perigastric nodes.
Seroepidemiology of Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsioses in Humans, South Korea

The prevalence of spotted fever group (SFG) and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses was investigated in 3,362 sera by immunofluorescence assay. The serum samples were obtained from patients with acute febrile episodes in South Korea from December 1992 to November 1993. The number of polyvalent positive sera against SFG rickettsial agents at the level of 1:40 dilution was 269 (8%) in Rickettsia sibirica, 482 (14.34%) in R. conorii, and 546 (16.24%) in R. akari. Many of the positive sera contained immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies rather than IgG antibodies. These results strongly suggest that SFG rickettsioses are prevalent in Korea. For TG rickettsial agents, the number of positive sera was 1,096 (32.60%) in R. typhi and 951 (28.29%) in R. prowazekii. Only a few epidemic typhus positive sera contained IgM antibodies. The result suggests that recent and/or primary infections of epidemic typhus were very rare in Korea during the said period. Among seven patients who had high titers (1:5,120) of IgG antibody to R. prowazekii, six were over 50 years old. The result suggests that Brill‐Zinsser disease was prevalent in Korea.
Liver biology and pathobiology

During the past 4 years, many interesting and important advances in liver biology and pathobiology have been identified in the Highlights section. However, several recurrent themes stand out reflecting foci of research for which HEPATOLOGY has provided a major forum in rapidly advancing fields. These include apoptosis, drug-induced liver injury, and alcoholic liver disease (ALD)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some of the previously highlighted articles in these three areas of research will be put in the context of these rapidly evolving fields.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonosalpingography for Assessing Tubal Pathology in Women with Secondary Infertility Taking Laparoscopy as Gold Standard

Context: Secondary infertility is a major public health issue with growing urbanisation and increasing age of marriage among women. Disease limited to low socioeconomic strata is commonly seen in general population. Judicious and accurate assessment of underlying pathology targeting tubes should be undertaken. Aims: The aim of this observational study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonosalpingography taking laparoscopy as gold standard in patients of secondary infertility. Main aim was to assess tubal factors as an underlying cause and to assess feasibility of a radiation free protocol in patients of reproductive age group. Settings and Design: The study was carried out in a hospital setting. A total of 123 patients were selected. Patients of primary infertility were excluded. Sonosalpingography was performed by a single experienced radiologist. This was confirmed by laparoscopy conducted by an experienced gynaecologist. Methods and Material: A detailed clinical and physical examination including internal examination was done. This was followed by sonosalpingography using high frequency TVS probe (Philips IU 22). All patients were subjected to laparoscopic evaluation on the same day. Statistical analysis: Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and predictive values. Results: Sonosalpingography was 72.91% sensitive, 81.33% specific with diagnostic accuracy of 78.05% and positive predictive value of 71.42% for tubal pathologies. Conclusions: Sonosalpingography is a very useful complementary diagnostic modality in assessment of tubal pathology. This should precede direct laparoscopic evaluation. Patients of secondary infertility can be assessed with a combination of sonosalpingography and laparoscopy. This saves the patient of radiation exposure as well as pain of contrast administration
When catalysis is useful for probabilistic entanglement transformation (5 pages)

We determine all 2x2 quantum states that can serve as useful catalysts for a given probabilistic entanglement transformation, in the sense that they can increase the maximal transformation probability. When higher-dimensional catalysts are considered, a sufficient and necessary condition is derived under which a certain probabilistic transformation has useful catalysts.
AMP010014A09 in Sus Scrofa Encodes an Analog of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 109A, Which Mediates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid

Background: Hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2, also called GPR109A) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is found in humans, rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs, but there are almost no reports of this protein in other species. In this investigation, we speculated that AMP010014A09 (AMP+) is a homologue of GPR109A in swine. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the following experiments were designed: monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of swine were treated with LPS after pretreating with or without β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory proteins were assessed. cAMP levels induced by Forskolin in swine testicular (ST) and IPEC-J2 cells were detected with or without BHBA treatment and following silencing or stable transfection of the AMP+ gene. Results: AMP+ in swine exhibited a high level of homology with HM74A in humans and PUMA-G in mice. BHBA inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β and the inflammatory protein COX-2 in monocytes of swine. BHBA suppressed the Forskolin-induced cAMP level increase in ST cells, but failed to inhibit the accumulation of cAMP after the AMP+ gene was silenced with shRNA by transfecting cells with the pGPU6-GFP-Neo-AMP+-sus-392 plasmid. BHBA had no effect on cAMP levels in IPEC-J2 cells, but significantly inhibited the increase in cAMP induced by Forskolin treatment following transfection of the AMP+ gene into IPEC-J2 cells by a lentivirus vector. Conclusion: Our results indicated that AMP+ encodes a G protein-coupled receptor in Sus scrofa that inhibits cAMP levels and mediates anti-inflammatory effects in swine monocytes.
Antigen-binding cells. I. Their idenification and role in the immune response.

Spleen, thymus and peritoneal cells of immunized mice were incubated with radioactive antigens and studied by autoradiography. A small number of lymphocytes in the spleen (0.1% to 0.5%) but very few in the thymus (0.01%) bind radioactive hemocyanin. The binding of antigen to lymphocytes apparently takes place by antibody receptors on their membranes. Exposure of most lymphocytes to antibodies to Ig blocked the binding. It was also found that the number of cells binding weak or strong immunogens was similar. Lymphocytes have been found that bind an autologous antigen, murine growth hormone. No lymphocytes bind mouse albumin. Incubation of spleen cells from immune or non-immune mice with highly radioactive KLH in vitro suppressed the capacity of the cells to adaptively transfer an immune response in x-irradiated mice. The inactivation of the adoptive immunity was specific since the treated cells made antibody to unrelated antigens. Macrophages took up radioactive antigen and this uptake was not blocked by exposure to anti-Ig.
Legionellaceae in the potable water of Nova Scotia hospitals and Halifax residences

Summary Water was cultured from 39 of 48 hospitals (7 Halifax hospitals and 32 non-Halifax hospitals) in the province of Nova Scotia and from 90 residences (74 private dwellings, 16 apartments) in Halifax to determine the frequency of legionella contamination. Six of seven Halifax hospitals had Legionellaceae isolated from their potable water compared with 3 of 32 non-Halifax hospitals (P < 0.0001). Overall. 19 of 59 (32%) of the water samples from Halifax hospitals were positive for legionellae compared with 5 of 480 (1%) samples from non-Halifax hospitals (P < 0.0000). Five of the six positive Halifax hospitals had Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 1 had L. longbeachae serogroup 2 recovered from their potable water. Legionella contamination was associated with older, larger (> 50 beds) hospitals with total system recirculation. These hospitals also had water with a higher pH and calcium content but lower sodium, potassium, nitrate, iron and copper content. Fourteen of the 225 (6.2%) water samples from Halifax residences were positive for legionellae – 8% (6/74) of the single family dwellings were positive, compared with 25% (4/16) apartments. The positivity rate of 15.7% for the 19 electric hot-water heaters in Halifax homes was not significantly different from the 32% positivity for Halifax hospitals. L. longbeachae accounted for 2 of the 14 isolates of legionellae from Halifax homes.
Similar mechanisms of action of defined polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides: characterization of binding and tumor necrosis factor alpha induction

Little has been reported about the effects of different polysaccharides on cytokine production from human monocytes. In this study, we show that several well-defined polysaccharides, including polymers with different sizes of beta 1-4-linked D-mannuronic acid (poly-M, high-M alginate, and M-blocks) and cellulose oxidized in the C-6 position, induced human monocytes to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Poly-M was the most efficient polysaccharide tested and, on a weight basis, was approximately as efficient as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. TNF-alpha production was shown to depend strongly on the molecular weights of poly-M and high-M alginate, with maximal TNF-alpha production occurring at molecular weights above 50,000 and 200,000, respectively. G-blocks, alpha 1-4-linked L-guluronic acid polymers that did not induce cytokine production from monocytes, reduced the cytokine production induced by the beta 1-4-linked polyuronic acids and LPS. Furthermore, both G-blocks and LPS were found to inhibit the binding of poly-M to monocytes, as measured by flow cytometry. In addition, we found that the binding of LPS to monocytes was inhibited by G-blocks, M-blocks, and poly-M. Our results indicate that beta 1-4-linked polyuronic acids and LPS may stimulate monocytes to produce TNF-alpha by similar mechanisms and may bind to a common receptor.
AdS strings with torsion: Noncomplex heterotic compactifications

Combining the effects of fluxes and gaugino condensation in heterotic supergravity, we use a ten-dimensional approach to find a new class of four-dimensional supersymmetric AdS4 compactifications on almost-Hermitian manifolds of SU(3) structure. Computation of the torsion allows a classification of the internal geometry, which for a particular combination of fluxes and condensate, is nearly Kahler. We argue that all moduli are fixed, and we show that the Kahler potential and superpotential proposed in the literature yield the correct AdS4 radius. In the nearly Kahler case, we are able to solve the H Bianchi identity using a nonstandard embedding. Finally, we point out subtleties in deriving the effective superpotential and understanding the heterotic supergravity in the presence of a gaugino condensate.
Comparative preclinical activity of the folate‐targeted Vinca alkaloid conjugates EC140 and EC145

EC140 is a water soluble folate conjugate of desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide (DAVLBH), which is constructed with an endosome‐cleavable acyl hydrazone bond. This agent has proven to be active and specific against well established, subcutaneous folate receptor (FR)‐positive tumors in multiple animal models. Recent structure‐activity and optimization studies have yielded a disulfide bond‐containing counterpart to EC140, herein referred to as EC145. This new conjugate was found to retain high affinity for FR‐positive cells, and it produced specific, dose‐responsive activity in vitro. Comparative in vivo efficacy tests confirmed that, like EC140, EC145 displays activity against both syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. However, EC145 was found to be more active and better tolerated than EC140; hence, more durable complete responses were consistently observed in EC145‐treated tumor‐bearing animals. Furthermore, EC145 was not found to be active against a FR‐negative tumor model. Additional preclinical studies are therefore warranted to better understand EC145's breadth of activity against FR‐positive tumors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The roles of complement receptor 3 and Fcγ receptors during Leishmania phagosome maturation

Leishmania are intracellular parasites adapted to surviving in macrophages, whose primary function is elimination of invading pathogens. Leishmania entry into host cells is receptor‐mediated. These parasites are able to engage multiple host cell‐surface receptors, including MR, TLRs, CR3, and FcγRs. Here, we investigated the role of CR3 and FcγR engagement on the maturation of Leishmania‐containing phagosomes using CD11b−/− and FcγR−/− macrophages, and assessing EEA1 and lysosome‐associated proteins is necessary for the phagosome maturation delay, characteristic of Leishmania infection. Leishmania‐containing phagosomes do not fuse with lyosomes until 5 h postinfection in WT mice. Phagolysosome fusion occurs by 1 h in CD11b and FcγR common chain KO macrophages, although receptor deficiency does not influence Leishmania entry or viability. We also investigated the influence of serum components and their effects on phagosome maturation progression. Opsonization with normal mouse serum, complement‐deficient serum, or serum from Leishmania‐infected mice all influenced phagosome maturation progression. Our results indicate that opsonophagocytosis influences phagosomal trafficking of Leishmania without altering the intracellular fate.
Functional Signal Peptides Bind a Soluble N-terminal Fragment of SecA and Inhibit Its ATPase Activity*

The selective recognition of pre-secretory proteins by SecA is essential to the process of protein export fromEscherichia coli, yet very little is known about the requirements for recognition and the mode of binding of precursors to SecA. The major reason for this is the lack of a soluble system suitable for biophysical study of the SecA-precursor complex. Complicating the development of such a system is the likelihood that SecA interacts with the precursor in a high affinity, productive manner only when it is activated by binding to membrane and SecYEG. A critical aspect of the precursor/SecA interaction is that it is regulated by various SecA ligands (nucleotide, lipid, SecYEG) to facilitate the release of the precursor, most likely in a stepwise fashion, for translocation. Several recent reports show that functions of SecA can be studied using separated domains. Using this approach, we have isolated a proteolytically generated N-terminal fragment of SecA, which is stably folded, has high ATPase activity, and represents an activated version of SecA. We report here that this fragment, termed SecA64, binds signal peptides with significantly higher affinity than does SecA. Moreover, the ATPase activity of SecA64 is inhibited by signal peptides to an extent that correlates with the ability of these signal peptides to inhibit either SecA translocation ATPase or in vitro protein translocation, arguing that the interaction with SecA64 is functionally significant. Thus, SecA64 offers a soluble, well defined system to study the mode of recognition of signal peptides by SecA and the regulation of signal peptide release.
Effect of Green Tea Extract on Histological Structure of Kidney, Pancreas and Adrenal Gland in Alloxan-Induced DiabeticMale Albino Rats

Histological structure of kidney, pancreas and adrenal gland in alloxan-induced diabetic rats was investigatedafter daily oral administration of green tea water extract for 4 weeks. Forty adultmale albino rats Rattusnorvegicus, 12 weeks old, weighing 150-160 g were divided into 4 experimental groups: The first group was considered as negative control group. The second groups were affected by inducing experimental diabetes by intraperitonial injection of (150 mg/kg b.w) alloxan. The third group was considered as positive control and treated with water extract of the green tea (200 mg/kg b.w), and the fourth group was affected by inducing diabetes and treated with green teaextract. Kidney, adrenal gland and pancreatic samples were obtained and processed for microscopic evaluation after staining the prepared sections with both Heamatoxylin and Eosin. No histological changes were found in the examined organs belong to rats treated with green tea, (+ve control) while there was a severe histopatholoigical changes like aggregation of inflammatory, neutrophil and monocytes around the blood vessels in kidney tissue, severe fatty degenerative in the adrenal gland and destruction of Island of Langerhans of diabetic rats group. The results showed less extensive histological changes like degeneration of the cells lining the kidney tubules, vaculation of glumerules, and weak fatty degeneration in cellslining of kidney tubules, also moderate fatty degenerative in pancreas tissue and adrenal gland were found in diabetic rat treated with green tea group. From these results it can be conclude that the consumption of green tea extract reduced the degenerative effects of alloxan in histological structures.
Change in intraocular pressure during maturation in Labrador Retriever dogs.

OBJECTIVE To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) in a group of dogs as puppies and young adults to determine if there is any change during maturation. Animals studied Thirty-two healthy Labrador Retriever dogs. PROCEDURES Intraocular pressure was measured using a Tonopen XL initially at approximately 6 weeks of age (T1), then again approximately 1 year later (T2). Exact ages were known based on whelp date. RESULTS The dogs had marginally higher IOP OU at T2 (mean = 14.9 mmHg) compared to T1 (mean = 13.4 mmHg). However, the difference was not statistically significant. No differences were seen based on sex and litter. Intraocular pressure OD was statistically greater than OS at T1 but not at T2. CONCLUSIONS Normal values for intraocular pressure are the same in puppies and adults. The results of this study do not support the previously suggested theory that younger dogs have sustained increased IOP as a requirement to drive growth of the globe. However, it does not rule out the possibility that a dynamic relationship between intraocular pressure and expansion of the globe may exist.
Conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies of a recent species radiation: What mtDNA reveals and conceals about modes of speciation in Hawaiian crickets

It has been asserted that recent mtDNA phylogenies support the plausibility of sympatric speciation, long considered a controversial mechanism of the origin of species. If such inferences are reliable, mtDNA phylogenies should be congruent with phylogenies based on other data. In previous work, a mtDNA phylogeny suggested that diversification of the Hawaiian cricket genus Laupala was initiated by single invasions into each of several Hawaiian islands, followed by multiple sympatric divergences within each island. In contrast, a systematic hypothesis based on morphology argues that speciation in Laupala has occurred primarily in allopatry, with two independent species radiations diversifying across the archipelago. In this study, I analyze nuclear DNA (nDNA) sequences from Laupala to compare with sequences from the mtDNA. The nDNA phylogeny corroborates the hypothesis of allopatric divergence and multiple invasions, and when compared with mtDNA patterns, suggests that interspecific hybridization is a persistent feature of the history of Laupala. The discrepancy between mtDNA and nDNA phylogenies reveals that speciation histories based on mtDNA alone can be extensively misleading.
Wearable Device for Patients Affected by Neurodegenerative Diseases

The European population is becoming older and older, with the consequent increase of neurodegenerative diseases, which mainly affect elderly people. With the purpose of advancing in the search of treatment for this type of diseases, the doctors find it difficult to obtain information about the symptoms and their evolution, as well as find a lack of tools which help doing so. In this article a monitoring system of the motor status of patients affected by the type of diseases previously mentioned is presented, based on a series of sensors distributed all over the patientpsilas body, which send the collected information to a Personal Remote Monitoring Device that the patient takes with himself. This device is in charge of carrying out a preliminary processing of the data and sending these measures wirelessly, for their processing and study in a hospital. The work is being developed within the project PERFORM , financed by the European Commission and with the participation of diverse centers of the United Kingdom, Cyprus, Italy, Greece and Czech Republic.