Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Revealed Comparative Advantage Indices with Application to Trade Tendencies of East Asian Countries

One of the most powerful propositions of classical trade theory is that the pattern of international trade is determined by comparative advantage. That is, a country with the comparative advantage in a given commodity exports, and the other with the comparative disadvantage imports. Thus, the question has been where then the comparative advantage originates from, and there have been numerous attempts to identify the economic conditions that determine comparative advantage. Ballance et al. (1987) provided a simple theoretical framework that allows us to clearly look at the relationship between the theoretical notion of comparative advantage and the measures of comparative advantage we practically obtain. According to the above diagram, economic conditions that vary across countries determine the international pattern of comparative advantage , which lies under the pattern of international trade, production and consumption . The relationship between , and can be understood as what the international trade theories have been trying to identify: what kind of economic conditions determine comparative advantage that makes the trade takes place, and how the trade is going to affect the economy. The classical and neo-classical trade models (Ricardo, 1817/1951, Ohlin, 1933) claims that a country with an economic condition in which it has an ability to produce a given commodity at a relatively lower costs, i.e. comparative advantage, exports the commodity, while the other with comparative disadvantage imports. The new trade theory, which explains the occurrence of intra-industry trade based on imperfect competition and economies of scale, does not directly use the term „comparative advantage‟; however, in the above framework, having economies of scale can be also interpreted as having comparative advantage in a broader sense that it reflects a lower opportunity cost and cases international trade. Despite the powerful influence and usefulness of these trade theories, it has been always difficult to apply the theoretical concept of comparative advantage in empirical analyses, especially when trying to measure the comparative advantage in analyzing trade performance, since the notion of comparative advantage usually takes into account autarkic variables, such as autarkic relative prices and autarkic production costs, which are not observable. Thus, as the second-best methodology, indices of revealed comparative advantage , which are our interest here, are constructed based on
Exploring the Utility of Partial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 1 for DNA Barcoding of Gobies

Gobiids are hyperdiverse compared with other teleost groups, with about 2,000 species occurring in marine, freshwater, and blackish habitats, and they show a remarkable variety of morphologies and ecology. Testing the effectiveness of DNA barcodes on species that have emerged as a result of radiation remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Here, we used the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences from 144 species of gobies and related species to evaluate the performance of distance-based DNA barcoding and to conduct a phylogenetic analysis. The average intra-genus genetic distance was considerably higher than that obtained in previous studies. Additionally, the interspecific divergence at higher taxonomic levels was not significantly different from that at the intragenus level, suggesting that congeneric gobies possess substantial interspecific sequence divergence in their COI gene. However, levels of intragenus divergence varied greatly among genera, and we do not provide sufficient evidence for using COI for cryptic species delimitation. Significantly more nucleotide changes were observed at the third codon position than that at the first and the second codons, revealing that extensive variation in COI reflects synonymous changes and little protein level variation. Despite clear signatures in several genera, the COI sequences did resolve genealogical relationships in the phylogenetic analysis well. Our results support the validity of COI barcoding for gobiid species identification, but the utilization of more gene regions will assist to offer a more robust gobiid species phylogeny.
Privatisation versus capital market: the corporate governance case of Bulgaria

The paper presents some of the results of a survey of ownership sructure. The survey uses the classic tradition in the treatment of the problem,stating that the means for effective control on the management of the enterprise are determined by the scale and the distribution of the shareholders’ participation in its capital. Later on this was used as a basis for the development of a methodological approach for practical surveys by authors like Cubbin & Leech (1983) and (Zeitlin 1974), and John Scott (1991. On the basis of this approach the main concepts for majority-minority control and the whole scale of derivative forms (mechanisms) such as the presence/absence of majority shareholder, the presence/absence of a second strong shareholder or group of shareholders in the capital of a company, the correlation between the capital in the hands of the biggest (the leading) shareholder and the others, and finally the general structure of shareholders’ participation are drawn. All of these determine the classification of one or another form of corporate control. The whole entity of specific forms of corporate control defines the structure of corporate control in a given country. Those criteria, taken not only in their temporal development, but in their national specifics, are analyzed in detail in the report. This focus of the report is predetermined not only by the scale and the influence of mass privatisation, but by the fact that initial dispersion of property was present in the mass privatisation, unlike all the other forms which in Bulgaria were based on direct techniques for transfer of property in the hands of one buyer. The most significant conclusion presented in the report is that the arising concentrated forms of control do not help for the development of the stock market in Bulgaria.
Fast and Low-Cost Mechatronic Recognition System for Persian Banknotes

In this paper, we designed a fast and low-cost mechatronic system for recognition of eight current Persian banknotes in circulation. Firstly, we proposed a mechanical solution for avoiding extra processing time caused by detecting the place of banknote and paper angle correction in an input image. We also defined new parameters for feature extraction, including colour features (RGBR values), size features (LWR) and texture features (CRLVR value). Then, we used a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network in the recognition phase to reduce the necessary processing time. In this research, we collected a perfect database of Persian banknote images (about 4000 double-sided prevalent images). We reached about 99.06% accuracy (average for each side) in final banknote recognition by testing 800 different worn, torn and new banknotes which were not part of the initial learning phase. This accuracy could increase to 99.62% in double-sided decision mode. Finally, we designed an ATmega32 microcontroller-based hardware with 16MHz clock frequency for implementation of our proposed system which can recognize sample banknotes at about 480ms and 560ms for single-sided detection and double-sided detection respectively, after image scanning.
Multisource feedback for STEM students improves academic performance

Motivating students to productively engage course material and perform to their potential is among our most urgent challenges as STEM educators. Professional organizations commonly seek to motivate employees by providing performance feedback from multiple raters who may include supervisors, peers, subordinates, clients, and others. With support from National Science Foundation grant EEC #1158728, the present study used a newly developed online delivery system to provide personalized multisource feedback to a sample of 206 undergraduate STEM students in a science and technology problem-solving course. PersonalityPad.org is an automated multisource feedback platform that allows users to generate their own personalized multisource feedback. This process incorporates prevalent 360-degree feedback strategies and “best practices” for effective feedback administration. A longitudinal experiment within an interventional framework evaluated the hypothesis that multisource conscientiousness feedback would provoke goal-directedness and motivate adaptive action. Students who received conscientiousness feedback from multiple sources – including friends, parents, and teachers – participated more in class and submitted higher quality homework assignments afterward, leading to significantly higher final course grades (M = 83.90) compared to a control group in the same class (M = 78.79). A structural analysis of relationships among key variables indicated that post-intervention goal-directedness plays a key intermediary role between receiving personalized feedback and achieving subsequent self-development goals. Implications are discussed from academic and social perspectives.
Digital Analytic Cardiography (DACG), a New Method for Quantitative Trophism Assessment of the Myocardium

Digital Analytic Cardiography (DACG), a New Method for Quantitative Trophism Assessment of the Myocardium Background: At present, none of the available ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnostic methods can reveal the disease with 100% certainty. Methods and Results:DACG, a new method of ECG signal processing, has been utilized to calculate the criteria. We observed 5 groups of patients: 2 control without IHD; one group with IHD, 8 of whom were observed before and after using nitrates; and 2 patients with syndrome X.There were authentic augmentations of all worked-out criteria (G, L, S) in the ischemia zone of the myocardium in relation to the non-ischemic zones (from 2 to 7). In the control, all criteria oscillate from 0 to 1.5. The value of the G criterion has a strict correlation with the functional classification of IHD. We observed a strong correlation between the clinical effect by nitrates and our criteria. The absence of a clinical effect by nitrates correlated with no dynamics in all criteria. The combination of the absence of criteria and clinical effect by nitrates with elevated L criteria led to acute myocardial infarction in a few hours. We developed non-locality in the ischemic process in patients with syndrome X with significant augmentation of the G and L criteria in all zones of the myocardium. Conclusions:The proposed DACG method allows for authentically diagnosing IHD and its functional class impartially, as well as localizing the ischemic process and qualifying its depth quantitatively.
Implementation of a Static Analyzer for Detecting the PHP File Inclusion Vulnerabilities

Since web applications are accessed by anonymous users via web, more security risks are imposed on those applications. In particular, because security vulnerabilities caused by insecure source codes cannot be properly handled by the system-level security system such as the intrusion detection system, it is necessary to eliminate such problems in advance. In this paper, to enhance the security of web applications, we develop a static analyzer for detecting the well-known security vulnerability of PHP file inclusion vulnerability. Using a semantic based static analysis, our vulnerability analyzer guarantees the soundness of the vulnerability detection and imposes no runtime overhead, differently from the other approaches such as the penetration test method and the application firewall method. For this end, our analyzer adopts abstract interpretation framework and uses an abstract analysis domain designed for the detection of the target vulnerability in PHP programs. Thus, our analyzer can efficiently analyze complicated data-flow relations in PHP programs caused by extensive usage of string data. The analysis results can be browsed using a JAVA GUI tool and the memory states and variable values at vulnerable program points can also be checked. To show the correctness and practicability of our analyzer, we analyzed the source codes of open PHP applications using the analyzer. Our experimental results show that our analyzer has practical performance in analysis capability and execution time.
Prevalence of obesity among urban and rural school going adolescents of Vadodara, India: a comparative study

Background: Obesity is a major global problem among children. India has paradox of having both undernutrition and obesity as a major problem. This epidemic of obesity is also affecting rural population. It has both short and long term adverse health outcome.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional, observational and questionnaire-based study conducted in urban and rural school going adolescents.Results: 188 subjects (89 rural and 99 urban school) school were enrolled. 17.6%(33), 20.2%(38), 59%(111) and 3.2%(6) children were obese, overweight, normal and underweight respectively. 65.22% of urban males & 62.26% females were either obese or overweight as compared to 15.78% of rural males and 3.92% females (p<0.0001). OR was 17.7 (95% CI of 7.6 to 40.7) in favor of urban residence. Statistically significant (p<0.05) differences is found in term of annual income of family, frequency of physical training sessions conducted in schools, frequency of restaurant & school canteen food. No statistically significant association was found between two categories (higher BMI & normal BMI) with other factors viz. breakfast before school, liking for fast food, involvement in outdoor sports, operating gadgets during meals and having obese family members.Conclusions: Obesity and overweight is more prevalent in urban adolescent. There is no difference among male and female group. There is tendency of high frequency of obesity and overweight among those adolescents who have higher annual family income, frequency of restaurant and school canteen food and lesser frequency of physical training sessions conducted in schools.
Linear and Non-Linear Regression Models Assuming a Stable Distribution

In this paper, we present some computational aspects for a Bayesian analysis involving stable distributions. It is well known that, in general, there is no closed form for the probability density function of a stable distribution. However, the use of a latent or auxiliary random variable facilitates obtaining any posterior distribution when related to stable distributions. To show the usefulness of the computational aspects, the methodology is applied to linear and non-linear regression models. Posterior summaries of interest are obtained using the OpenBUGS software.
Causal necessity and sufficiency in implicativity

Karttunen's (1971) implicative verbs are notable for generating inferences over their complements. English "manage to X", for instance, entails the truth of X: the entailment reverses with matrix negation and seems tied to the elusive presuppositional contribution of the implicative predicate (Coleman 1975). Building on Baglini & Francez (2015), and drawing on insights provided by implicative data from Finnish, I propose an account of the implicative class which links the lexical presuppositional content of an implicative verb to inferences over the truth-value of its complement via a model of causal necessity and sufficiency between contextually-salient variables (Schulz 2011). The proposal also provides a natural explanation for the commonalities between "manage" and weaker one-way implicatives like Finnish "jaksaa"(=have.strength), which only entail under one matrix polarity.
Optical CO2 Gas Sensing Based on TiO2 Thin Films of Diverse Thickness Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles

The fabrication, characterization, and CO2 gas detection performance of single component-based and hetero-nanostructure-based optical gas sensors are reported in the present work. Single component-based structures include (i) TiO2 thin films with varied film thickness (37.45 nm, 51.92 nm, and 99.55 nm) fabricated via the RF sputtering system for different deposition times and (ii) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) deposited on the glass substrate by the wet chemical method. Hetero-nanostructures were achieved by decorating the AgNPs on the predeposited TiO2 thin films. The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of prepared samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ellipsometry, respectively. XRD analysis of AgNPs confirmed the crystalline nature of prepared particles with average crystallite size of 21 nm, however, in the case of TiO2 films XRD results suggested amorphous structure of all as-deposited films. size 21 nm. The SEM micrographs confirmed the deposition of AgNPs on the TiO2 thin films. With increasing sputtering time, TiO2 films were found to be denser and more compact, indicating a reduced porosity and higher film thickness. CO2 gas-sensing properties were investigated by measuring the optical transmission spectra in alone air and in CO2 gaseous atmosphere at room temperature. It was observed that neither TiO2 thin films even with higher thickness nor alone AgNPs could demonstrate any substantial gas-sensing activity. Nevertheless, TiO2/AgNP hetero-nanostructured substrates exhibited excellent CO2 gas-sensing performance as indicated by a huge change in the transmission spectra. The enhanced sensing efficiency of TiO2/AgNP nanostructures owing to synergistic effects suggests a promising role of our manufactured sensors in practical applications.
Hadoop Technology for Flow Analysis of the Internet Traffic

Flow analysis of the internet traffic elucidates the sequence and pattern of the traffic in the network. This helps the network administrator to monitor the operations going on in the network, to understand the network usage and to examine the behaviour of the user using the network. Analysis of the internet traffic can avoid a huge amount of problems. Flow analysis helps in fault tolerance, traffic engineering, resource allocation and network capacity planning. Due to the fast growing network, the volume of the traffic is getting very big day by day. So it is very difficult to collect, store and analyse this huge data on a single machine. Hadoop is a leading framework which is designed to execute tremendous datasets that can be of hundreds of terabytes and even petabytes of data. Hadoop performs brute force scan for multiple traces of input data and produces the output for traffic flow identification, flow clustering. In this paper a Hadoop based traffic analysis of the internet traffic is done. Here the system accepts a large amount of packets coming from various networks, the input is appended to the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and finally processing is done through an approach called MapReduce. Once the output is obtained it is graphically shown to the network operators and a detailed analysis is done on the internet traffic.
The Weddell Sea Formation: post−Late Pliocene terrestrial glacial deposits on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula

A sequence of glacial deposits up to 4 m thick unconformably overlies the Eocene La Meseta Formation on the Seymour Island plateau (meseta) and forms a litho− stratigraphically distinct unit in the succession of the James Ross Basin, which is formally named here as the Weddell Sea Formation. The formation is thus far known only from Sey− mour Island. This is a terrestrial melt−out till which contains abundant erratics and also re− worked Cretaceous-Tertiary micro− and macrofossils within a silty clay matrix. The terres− trial origin of this till is shown by glacial striations at the base of the unit. The largest erratics (up to 3 m in diameter) are composed of plutonic (granitoids) and metamorphic (gneiss and crystalline schist) rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula provenance. Smaller in size and much more numerous are erratics of volcanic rocks, represented by andesite, basalt and corre− sponding pyroclastics of the James Ross Island Volcanic Group. Less common are erratics of sedimentary rocks, sometimes bearing fossils derived from the underlying Tertiary and Cretaceous strata. A few erratics from the top of the studied sequence are conglomerates of the Cockburn Island Formation with a foraminifer fauna. These are the youngest clasts within the Weddell Sea Formation. The presence of the Pliocene index fossil Ammo− elphidiella antarctica Conato et Segre, 1974 indicates a lower age limit of latest Pliocene or earliest Pleistocene age. The upper age limit of the formation has not been established. An encrusting, unilamellar, colony of the bryozoan Escharella Gray, 1848 has been found on the one of erratics from the Weddell Sea Formation. This is the first fossil record of this genus in Antarctica.
Enhancement of Soil Carbon Sequestration by Amendment with Fly Ash

Degraded lands (e.g., mine sites, highway rights of way, eroded lands) typically are depleted of organic-C. Progress in the reclamation of these lands can be measured, in part, by the return of soil organic-C levels to those seen in undisturbed, otherwise similar, soils. Moreover, such reclamation has the added benefit of sequestering significant amounts of C, thus helping buffer the transition to a hydrogen-based energy system. Our research seeks to understand the process by which organic-C is sequestered by soils (i.e., humification) and to develop practical approaches for enhancing the rate at which this sequestration occurs. We have focused on a model humification reaction involving a common phenoloxidase enzyme (tyrosinase) and organic monomers (polyphenols, hydroxybenzoic acids, and amino acids). We have noted a synergetic effect on the reaction rate in aqueous suspensions when highly porous silica or manganese-oxide minerals are present in addition to the enzyme. As the porous silica bears some similarity to the cenospheres commonly found in fly ash, we also tested the effects of four alkaline fly ashes {Class C (sub-bituminous), Class F (bituminous), Class F [bituminous with flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) products], and Class F (lignitic)} on the reaction. In aqueous suspensions, the presence of FGD products completely halted the reaction, and the bituminous ash showed no benefit over an ash-free control. The sub-bituminous and lignitic fly ashes, however, increased the reaction rate by several-fold. A more complicated response was observed in an eightweek intermediate-scale experiment involving a calcareous mine soil that was amended with the four fly ashes, contacted one or more times with a monomer/enzyme solution, and then allowed to air dry. Net humification, as determined by resistance of C to aqeuous extraction relative to that for the unamended soil, was greatest with the bituminous fly ash, and only marginal with the sub-bituminous ash. A net loss of C was observed with the other two ashes, and was attributed to dissolution of limestone in the soil by the organic monomers and humic polymers. The high specific surface and residual coal content of the bituminous ash were believed responsible for its superior retention of C and minimal dissolution of limestone. The possible contributions of other fly ash properties, such as alkalinity and iron oxide content are discussed.