Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women.

Prevalence of crime and noncrime civilian traumatic events, lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD in the past 6 months were assessed in a sample of U.S. adult women (N = 4,008). Random digit-dial telephone methods were used to identify study participants. Structured telephone interviews for assessment of specific crime or other traumatic event history and PTSD were conducted by trained female interviewers. Lifetime exposure to any type of traumatic event was 69%, whereas exposure to crimes that included sexual or aggravated assault or homicide of a close relative or friend occurred among 36%. Overall sample prevalence of PTSD was 12.3% lifetime and 4.6% within the past 6 months. The rate of PTSD was significantly higher among crime versus noncrime victims (25.8% vs. 9.4%). History of incidents that included direct threat to life or receipt of injury was a risk factor for PTSD. Findings are compared with data from other epidemiological studies. Results are discussed as they relate to PTSD etiology.
A Three - Party Authenticated Key Exchange Scheme Smartcard using Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem for Secure Key Exchange in Wireless Sensor Network

It was subjected of the concern of the researchers in which the security issue of the sensor network is many while the wireless sensor network rose as the ubiquitous computing core technology. Accordingly, many security protocols were proposed. And generally these are classified as the protocol of the symmetric key base and protocol of the public key infrastructure. Because of demanding the computation load in which the public key cryptography is excessive, security protocols using the symmetrical key code like SPIN are not appropriate in the sensor network. And an expandability is decreased as the size of a network is enlarged. Therefore, presently, many research that it relates to apply the security protocol putting a foundation in the public key to the sensor network is progressing. Presently, it was proposed in the protocols of the public key infrastructure like TinyPK and ECC2.0. The key exchange authenticated with three-party authenticated key exchange protocol, two-party authenticated key exchange protocol the verifier moreover induced from a password is proposed. But it is generated in the notable performance degradation and the problems that is weak in the man-in-the-middle attack. Moreover, the EKE(encrypted key exchange) technique of the password base is attacked with the password guessing attack, the secret key guess attack of a server, and the message retransmission the password file of a server is attacked. In this paper, the safe communications service was provided to users registered in the identical server. The authenticated key exchange of the password base which uses the smart card in order not to store a password in a server was proposed. And the clustering concept was applied to ECDH(elliptic curve Differ-Hellman) key agreement protocol for the shared key setting up between the efficient and safe node. And ECDSA(elliptic curve digital signature algorithm) is used in order to use the short stature in comparison with existing digital signature algorithms more and provide the efficient broadcast authentication.
The Management of Concomitant Tears of the Peroneus Longus and Brevis Tendons

Background: Concomitant chronic tears of both peroneal tendons rarely are reported. We present our experience in treating these injuries and suggest an algorithm for surgical treatment, determined by the presence of a functioning tendon or tendons, mobility of the remaining peroneal musculature, ankle stability, and position of the heel. Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients (29 feet) were followed postoperatively for a mean of 4.6 (range 1.5 to 8) years. The mean age was 36 (range 19 to 54) years, and all patients had chronic ankle pain with or without instability and with combinations of complete, partial, or longitudinal tears of both tendons. Of the 28 patients, six had hindfoot varus and three had cavovarus. Eight patients had mechanical ankle instability, but there was no correlation between instability and the presence of hindfoot varus. Results: The mean postoperative American Orthopaedics Foot and Ankle Society ankle score was 82 (range 20 to 100) points, and 91% of patients achieved normal or moderate peroneal muscle strength. Ankle instability was successfully corrected in all patients and progressive worsening of varus deformity was prevented. Conclusion: The presence of chronic peroneal tendon subluxation or dislocation, chronic ankle instability, or hindfoot varus deformity, in association with retrofibular pain and swelling, should alert the surgeon to the possibility of a tear of the peroneal tendons and is an indication for surgical intervention. At the time of tendon repair, every effort should be made to treat the primary or contributing causes of the tear. Our results suggest that patients with symptomatic concomitant peroneus longus and brevis tendon tears are likely to experience substantial improvement in function if operative treatment is adequate.
Semichronic Inhibition of Glutathione Reductase Promotes Oxidative Damage to Proteins and Induces both Transcription and Translation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Nigrostriatal System

We have evaluated the effect of N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase (GR), on the oxidative status along with the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of the rat. The oxidative status was studied by the quantification of carbonyl groups coupled to protein homogenates. Moreover, the specific oxidations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament-200 (NF-200) were also measured. The results show that oxidative damage in proteins in the nigrostriatal system is confined to the striatum. Specific carbonyl groups coupled to native NF-200 and GFAP were also increased. These changes were accompanied by reactive astrocytosis in striatum but not in substantia nigra. In substantia nigra, decreased levels of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were observed following BCNU treatment. In contrast, DA levels were increased in the striatum along with an overall decrease in the ratios of DA metabolites to DA. We also studied the mRNA levels for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) by in situ hybridization. TH mRNA but not DAT mRNA was significantly induced in substantia nigra following BCNU treatment, which was consistent with significant elevations in TH enzyme amount and activity and unchanged DA uptake in striatum. All these results support the DA free radical hypothesis and the key role of the striatal glutathione system in protecting the striatal system against oxidative stress.
Working with smallholder farmers to improve maize production and marketing in western Kenya

Smallhold farmers in Western Kenya face crop production and marketing constraints that bind them within a cycle of poverty. Furthermore, many “solutions” to farmers’ problems are incompletely devised and tested, often lacking complete economic analyses and thorough comparison to alternative managements. SACRED-Africa leads an alliance of non-government organizations that conducts on-farm research examining eight different recommendations for maize-legume intercropping. These recommendations were generated by various research organizations working independently of one another and included include capital-intensive “Green Revolution” technologies, soil nutrient replenishment, labor-and-resource-intensive “Organic” managements, land-extensive fallows and information-intensive (technically complex) “Integrated” solutions. The trials were conducted on 140 farms during four continuous cropping seasons between February 2002 and January 2004. Technologies that involve the addition of external inputs, both mineral and organic, offer yield improvement beginning with the first growing season, unlike those that rely upon on-site biomass recycling (e.g. relay and improved fallows), although at many locations yield improvement did not justify the increased cost of larger rates of mineral fertilization. Furthermore, many of the “recommended” technologies performed poorly on many farms, suggesting that even district-level “blanket” solutions for smallholders is too coarse an outreach approach. A better approach may be to work with NGOs and farmer self-help groups to combine the better attributes of different technical options to meet their more site-specific needs. SACRED-Africa has introduced a cereal banking system to Bungoma district. These cereal banks registered 333 members who sold 4400 bags of maize to Nairobi millers between October 2003 and January 2004 for an average price of KSh 1400 per bag. These sales generated about KSh 6.2 million, with 12% required for transportation and transaction costs, resulting in an average payment of KSh 16,424 per member. In addition, the Local Cereal Banks are open to the public and sell maize in quantities ranging from 2 kg to local consumers and 10 tons to local schools and hospitals. Local sales become more important from March to May, serving as a strategic community food reserve during the so-called “hunger months”. A new developmental hypothesis, referred to as the Market-Led Integration Hypothesis, provides a framework for combining stalled input technologies resulting from otherwise successful adaptive on-farm research and new market opportunities opening to smallhold farmers. kg and per and soil preparation for the long-rains (once per year).
Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represent two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. Both styles are encountered in former passive margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the decollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between decollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction-related orogens, thin- and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In most orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures both occur and evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.
Tourism policy and planning for developing countries: some critical issues

The paper aims at considering the evolution of tourism since 1950 and identifying some of the main influences in the development process. It also explores the role of tourism in development, and evaluates how tourism has impacted on developing countries. It concludes by identifying some critical issues both internal and external to these countries, and suggests how these might hinder or encourage further development of tourism.
Astrocytic alteration induced by Japanese encephalitis virus infection

The neurotropism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has not been well characterized. Astrocytes are parts of the blood-brain barrier, a major source of chemokines, and critical effectors of central inflammation. Thus, astrocytes might play some role as JEV travels from the peripheral to the CNS and/or the resultant encephalitis. Using rat cortical cultures, we found that JEV can cause cellular and/or functional changes in astrocytes as indicated by increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), regulated by activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), increased lactate release and glucose uptake, and attenuation of glutamate toxicity. These modulations occur needed by the cells for compensation and may affect neuron and/or astrocyte function.
Classical versus quantum coherence

Quantum dots are structures engineered to have desirable quantum–mechanical properties. Much of their potential usefulness stems from the ability to design such structures so that their passive properties can be exploited. However, there are many plans to use dots as the basis of a more active quantum engineering, in which the detailed quantum states of the dot's components are manipulated by externally imposed fields. This leads to a new requirement: our ability to model the time development of individual driven quantum systems. I shall discuss some of the problems which arise when single systems, rather than ensembles, are considered and give examples which illustrate the effects of classical and quantum incoherences. I propose a new classification of incoherent processes, based on their effect on individual wave functions.
The flow field near a venous needle in hemodialysis: A computational study

The vascular access used in hemodialysis can suffer from numerous complications, which may lead to failure of the access, patient morbidity, and significant costs. The flow field in the region of the venous needle may be a source of damaging hemodynamics and hence adverse effects on the fistula. In this study, the venous needle flow has been considered, using three‐dimensional computational methods. Four scenarios where the venous needle flow could potentially influence dialysis treatment outcome were identified and examined: Variation of the needle placement angle (10°, 20°, 30°), variation of the blood flow rate settings (200, 300, 400 mL/min), variation of the needle depth (top, middle, bottom), and the inclusion of a back eye in the needle design. The presence of the needle has significant effect on the flow field, with different scenarios having varying influence. In general, wall shear stresses were elevated above normal physiological values, and increased presence of areas of low velocity and recirculation—indicating increased likelihood of intimal hyperplasia development—were found. Computational results showed that the presence of the venous needle in a hemodialysis fistula leads to abnormal and potentially damaging flow conditions and that optimization of needle parameters could aid in the reduction of vascular access complications. Results indicate shallow needle angles and lower blood flow rates may minimize vessel damage.
Project management behind the facade

We are having lunch with Eve, senior project manager at a well-known IT consultancy. Eve describes herself as ‘the kind of woman who likes to work’, and goes on to tell us about her professional career. With a master’s degree in computer science, she was employed as a COBOL programmer for a large consulting firm for seven and a half years, during which she became increasingly involved in project management. Over time, she found the consulting firm too big, and paradoxically, made a move to an even bigger government authority. She started out in smaller projects, but then became project leader for an ‘incredible project – big as hell’ with 16 team members and a large budget.
RNA Interference in Fungi: Pathways, Functions, and Applications

ABSTRACT Small RNA molecules of about 20 to 30 nucleotides function in gene regulation and genomic defense via conserved eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi)-related pathways. The RNAi machinery consists of three core components: Dicer, Argonaute, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In fungi, the RNAi-related pathways have three major functions: genomic defense, heterochromatin formation, and gene regulation. Studies of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Neurospora, and other fungi have uncovered surprisingly diverse small RNA biogenesis pathways, suggesting that fungi utilize RNAi-related pathways in various cellular processes to adapt to different environmental conditions. These studies also provided important insights into how RNAi functions in eukaryotic systems in general. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the fungal RNAi-related pathways and their functions, with a focus on filamentous fungi. We will also discuss how RNAi can be used as a tool in fungal research.
Evaluation of ONO compatibility with high-k metal gate stacks for future embedded flash products

Embedded flash memories having high-k metal gate-based logic devices will require modifications to the flash cells in order to remain economically feasible. One potential integration scheme is to keep the traditional ONO layer as the flash cell's inter-gate dielectric and replace its poly-Si control gate with the same high-k metal gate stack used for the logic devices. Preliminary electrical tests show that an HfSiON/TiN/a-Si gate stack does not significantly impact the EOT or leakage properties of the ONO layer. This stack is more robust than the traditional ONO with a poly-Si gate.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria Response to Antibiotics Using Nanoporous Membrane and Graphene Quantum Dot (GQDs)-Based Electrochemical Biosensors

The wide abuse of antibiotics has accelerated bacterial multiresistance, which means there is a need to develop tools for rapid detection and characterization of bacterial response to antibiotics in the management of infections. In the study, an electrochemical biosensor based on nanoporous alumina membrane and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was developed for bacterial response to antibiotics detection. Anti-Salmonella antibody was conjugated with amino-modified GQDs by glutaraldehyde and immobilized on silanized nanoporous alumina membranes for Salmonella bacteria capture. The impedance signals across nanoporous membranes could monitor the capture of bacteria on nanoporous membranes as well as bacterial response to antibiotics. This nanoporous membrane and GQD-based electrochemical biosensor achieved rapid detection of bacterial response to antibiotics within 30 min, and the detection limit could reach the pM level. It was capable of investigating the response of bacteria exposed to antibiotics much more rapidly and conveniently than traditional tools. The capability of studying the dynamic effects of antibiotics on bacteria has potential applications in the field of monitoring disease therapy, detecting comprehensive food safety hazards and even life in hostile environment.
3 Android Tasks State Transition Model 3 . 1 Task and Back

Android multitasking provides rich features to enhance user experience and offers great flexibility for app developers to promote app personalization. However, the security implication of Android multitasking remains under-investigated. With a systematic study of the complex tasks dynamics, we find design flaws of Android multitasking which make all recent versions of Android vulnerable to task hijacking attacks. We demonstrate proof-of-concept examples utilizing the task hijacking attack surface to implement UI spoofing, denialof-service and user monitoring attacks. Attackers may steal login credentials, implement ransomware and spy on user’s activities. We have collected and analyzed over 6.8 million apps from various Android markets. Our analysis shows that the task hijacking risk is prevalent. Since many apps depend on the current multitasking design, defeating task hijacking is not easy. We have notified the Android team about these issues and we discuss possible mitigation techniques in this paper.
Definição e estabelecimento de processos de fábrica de software em uma organização de TI do setor público.

A growing number of software producing companies have adopted an organizational model of Software Factory (SF), which facilitates outsourcing by segmenting activities and by adopting a more flexible, dynamic and controlled production system. A SF can serve the multiple demands of different nature and scopes with the purpose of providing each customer’s specific needs. Because of the diversity and complexity of this context, one of the main issues to be solved is how to map all the processes involved, clearly identifying what, who and mainly how each work must be executed and controlled, aiming at aligning the processes to the organizational and conceptual structure of SF focusing on the integration, aligning and reuse processes. The purpose of this study is mapping, defining, restructuring and establishing the Software Factory process, conducted by the action research method in a software producing organization of the public sector, considering its operational, technical and organizational culture context. The development, execution, follow-up and results are described by the action research cycles involving the study of organizational structures, system development methodologies and organizational changes. For this, a Reference Organizational Structure of SF, and Processes Definition Architecture for SF and a Integration System Development Methodology with organizational focus were defined, conceived and developed based on the literature, professional experience and empirical research, which served as a guiding line of the action research, peaking at the association of the empirical study with the theoretical study. The generated empirical and theoretical contributions refer to the improvement of the organizational and operational processes based on the SF concepts.
Self-calibration Constraints on Euclidean Bundle Adjustment Parameterization - Application to the 2 Views Case

During the two last decades, many contributions have been proposed on 3D reconstruction from image sequences. Nevertheless few practical applications exist, especially using vision. We are concerned by the analysis of image sequences acquired during crash tests. In such tests, it is required to extract 3D measurements about motions of objects, generally identified by specific markings. With numerical cameras, it is quite simple to acquire video sequences, but it is very difficult to obtain from operators in charge of these acquisitions, the camera parameters and their relative positions when using a multicamera system. In this paper, we are interested on the simplest situation: two cameras observing the motion of an object of interest: the challenge consists in reconstructing the 3D model of this object, estimating in the same time, the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of these cameras. So this paper copes with 3D Euclidean reconstruction with uncalibrated cameras: we recall some theoretical results in order to evaluate what are the possible estimations when using only two images acquired by two distinct perspective cameras. Typically it will be the two first images of our sequences. It is presented several contributions of the state of the art on these topics, and then results obtained from synthetic data, so that we could state on advantages and drawbacks of several parameter estimation strategies, based on the Sparse Bundle Adjustment and on the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization function.