Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression Diagnosis and Treatment: Reformation Required

By the numbers, depression is a staggeringly prevalent mental disorder. 350 million people are depressed worldwide, $11.3 billion is spent on antidepressants annually, and the rate of depression diagnoses has grown 400% since the 1980s. There is a clear necessity for an improvement in current medical practices. Figuring out the root causes, formulating stronger methods of diagnosis, and properly identifying and treating those who suffer from depression is imperative to public health in America and abroad. I propose that advancing scientific quantification of depression by improving the efficacy of research practices and funding will reform the current inadequacy of depression diagnosis and treatment. This proposal is threefold. My first suggestion for reforming depression diagnosis and treatment rests in the publication of all research, studies, and clinical trials associated with the mental disorder. Secondly, we must emphasize a quantitative format for diagnosis and treatment based on the neurobiological specificities of the individual. Finally, we need to consider a system of checks and balances between academic and industrial research to prevent the dissemination of inaccurate information and faulty drugs. It is my hope that advancing neuroscience research through these proposals will elucidate the line between emotion and emotional disorders, helping us treat and diagnose de-
Immobilization of peptides by ozone activation to promote the osteoconductivity of PLLA substrates

In this study, ozone treatment was applied to modify poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with the intermediate reagent acryl-N-succinimide (ASI). Then, P15, the peptide related to the attachment and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, was reacted with ASI. Ozone activation successfully created peroxides on the surface of PLLA, which was quantitatively determined by the iodide method. By changing the activation temperature, oxygen flow rate, reaction bath, reaction temperature or addition of ferrous ions, the amount of peroxides was controlled and the effects of these variables were explored in this research. The immobilizations of ASI and P15 were confirmed and quantitative analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, elementary analysis and amino-acid analysis. Also, the optimization for ozone activation and ASI grafting were performed. From in vitro experiments, the cultured ROS cells expressed significantly higher ALPase activity and calcium deposition after P15 immobilization. The results demonstrated that the ROS cells expressed osteoblastic phenotypes more significantly when cultured with the substrate modified with P15. In this study, PLLA was successfully modified with P15 by ozone activation and the modification promoted the osteoconductivity of PLLA substrates, which could be helpful in bone tissue engineering.
New Concepts in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. It occurs in 0.4% of the adult population and in 2 to 4% of those above 60 years of age. The prevalence rises to 17% by the age of 84 [1]. Although the causes of AF are diverse, in addition to the normal aging process hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF) are common. The mortality of patients with AF is double that of control subjects. AF is also associated with significant morbidity including CHF, frequent and prolonged hospitalizations, and a 4 to 5 fold increase in the incidence of stroke. The quality of life of patients with AF is as impaired as that of patients with CHF. The three major goals in the management of AF are rate control, rhythm control and stroke prevention [2]. Rate control reduces symptoms and may prevent the development or progression of CHF. Restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm is associated with improved symptomatology too; it is uncertain, however, whether it is an effective tool to prevent thromboembolic events. In AF the only intervention to date that has been shown in multiple large scale prospective randomized trials to favorably influence outcome is anticoagulation. The popular 3-P classification of AF helps to set the therapeutic goals. In paroxysmal atrial fibrillation there is spontaneous initiation and termination of the AF episodes. Antiarrhythmic management frequently reduces the number of paroxysms. In persistent atrial fibrillation electric or pharmacologic intervention is needed to terminate the arrhythmia. In permanent AF it is no longer possible or practical to restore and maintain a sinus mechanism. Clearly, the stakes are highest in the persistent form. A large scale NIH sponsored prospective randomized trial, the AFFIRM study will hopefully answer the question whether in addition to anticoagulation, the strategy of rate control or rhythm control is more efficacious in reducing mortality, stroke, in improving the quality of life and reducing the cost of therapy [3]. Because of the enormous impact of AF on patients' survival, well being and the cost of medical care, several aspects of the management of AF are currently undergoing intense scrutiny. This review summarizes some new concepts in the pharmacological management of AF and also gives an overview of more innovative, non-pharmacological, mostly investigational treatment modalities.
Monoclonal antibodies that target pathological assemblies of Aβ

Amyloid beta (Aβ) immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease has shown initial success in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and in human patients. However, because of meningoencephalitis in clinical trials of active vaccination, approaches using therapeutic antibodies may be preferred. As a novel antigen to generate monoclonal antibodies, the current study has used Aβ oligomers (amyloid β‐derived diffusible ligands, ADDLs), pathological assemblies known to accumulate in Alzheimer's disease brain. Clones were selected for the ability to discriminate Alzheimer's disease from control brains in extracts and tissue sections. These antibodies recognized Aβ oligomers and fibrils but not the physiologically prevalent Aβ monomer. Discrimination derived from an epitope found in assemblies of Aβ1–28 and ADDLs but not in other sequences, including Aβ1–40. Immunoneutralization experiments showed that toxicity and attachment of ADDLs to synapses in culture could be prevented. ADDL‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also inhibited, establishing this response to be oligomer‐dependent. Inhibition occurred whether ADDLs were prepared in vitro or obtained from Alzheimer's disease brain. As conformationally sensitive monoclonal antibodies that selectively immunoneutralize binding and function of pathological Aβ assemblies, these antibodies provide tools by which pathological Aβ assemblies from Alzheimer's disease brain might be isolated and evaluated, as well as offering a valuable prototype for new antibodies useful for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
Mating Frequency , Duration and Time in Baluchistan Melon Fly Myiopardalis Pardaline ( Bigot ) ( Diptera : Tephritidae )

Myiopardalis pardalina (Bigot) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the injurious pests that damage melon fruits. The male sterility technique is one of the genetic methods that have been proposed for controlling fruit flies. This method is more effective in once-mated females. So mating frequency, starting time and mating duration by females and males of Baluchistan melon fly were studied in the laboratory (Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran). Mean number of matings/female was 5.83±0.48 during the 8 day test period. The presence or absence of the host did not have any significant influence on mating frequency. The mean number of matings/male was 6.26±0.45. Mating predominantly occurred in early afternoon. Mating duration in female and male series was 4.95±0.598 and 6.822±0.378 hours, respectively. The first mating usually took longer in comparison with other matings.
Effects in the use of a genetically engineered strain of Lactococcus lactis delivering in situ IL-10 as a therapy to treat low-grade colon inflammation

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, and bloating. Interestingly, there is now evidence of the presence of a low-grade inflammatory status in many IBS patients, including histopathological and mucosal cytokine levels in the colon, as well as the presence of IBS-like symptoms in quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The use of a genetically engineered food-grade bacterium, such as Lactococcus lactis, secreting the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 has been proven by many pre-clinical studies to be a successful therapy to treat colon inflammation. In this study, we first reproduced the recovery-recurrence periods observed in IBS-patients in a new chronic model characterized by 2 episodes of DiNitro-BenzeneSulfonic-acid (DNBS)-challenge and we tested the effects of a recombinant strain of L. lactis secreting IL-10 under a Stress-Inducible Controlled Expression (SICE) system. In vivo gut permeability, colonic serotonin levels, cytokine profiles, and spleen cell populations were then measured as readouts of a low-grade inflammation. In addition, since there is increasing evidence that gut microbiota tightly regulates gut barrier function, tight junction proteins were also measured by qRT-PCR after administration of recombinant L. lactis in DNBS-treated mice. Strikingly, oral administration of L. lactis secreting active IL-10 in mice resulted in significant protective effects in terms of permeability, immune activation, and gut-function parameters. Although genetically engineered bacteria are, for now, used only as a “proof-of-concept,” our study validates the interest in the use of the novel SICE system in L. lactis to express therapeutic molecules, such as IL-10, locally at mucosal surfaces.
The Involvement of Purinergic System in Pain: Adenosine Receptors and Inosine as Pharmacological Tools in Future Treatments

During the recent years, the interest in the purinergic system has been gaining importance, and this interest is not accidental. The purinergic system is so far known to be involved in several physiological conditions in mammals, becoming a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of many pathologies and disorders. One of the physiological roles is the control of pain. This chapter will emphasize adenosine receptors (P1) and its activation and inhibition by adenosine and by specific agonists or antagonists in the treatment of pain. Although most of the studies quoted in this chapter were performed in animals, in this chapter we will use the expression analgesia instead of antinociception (term used to report pain in animals) to simplify our communication. Some drugs that act on adenosine receptors have presented interesting results in clinical studies of pain and other drugs are under investigation. Of note, it has recently been shown that inosine, a metabolite of adenosine, has significant analgesic effects in several pre-clinical models of pain. Thus, the inosine can be an important tool in this area of study or even a molecule of interest for future pharmacological approaches, knowing that such as adenosine, it is produced endogenously and devoid of side effects in normal doses. In addition, new approaches using enzyme inhibitors of the purinergic system or supplies of adenosine suggest alternatives to potentiate and lasting analgesic effects of adenosine or analogs. Moreover, the release of purines and the adenosine A1 receptor activation are essential to analgesia by acupuncture in mice. Thus, purinergic system will be the target of many future pain-treatment researches. After all, it is indispensable to students and biomedical professionals to know and understand basic concepts about this endogenous system.
Workhorse AUV &#8211; A cost-sensible new Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Surveys/Soundings, Search &amp; Rescue, and Research

The need for lower-cost AUVs to enable routine survey and sounding missions with a greater reliance on technology, rather than crewed workboats and expensive on-site labor, has been recognized for some time. High quality, proven electronic and electromechanical components, developed for tangential industries such as robotics, factory automation and recreational boating, now offer a wide variety of commodity-priced solutions ready for applications in traditionally sophisticated AUV missions. Commercial Maritime applications for targeted sensor functionality such as forward looking and side-scan sonar have also yielded an array of low cost sub-system components ideally suited to basic missions in the field of near-coastal hydrographic surveying. Priced appropriately, and readily available with defined physical and software interfaces, these components open the door to the development of a low-R&D, simplified Workhorse AUV. OceanServer Technology has created such an AUV by selecting commercial grade components, repeatable manufacturing techniques, and intuitive operator interfaces designed to reduce the cost of rudimentary data collection in shallow (<200 ft) waters
Euphorogenic properties of the serotonergic partial agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine in cocaine addicts.

The role played by alterations in serotonergic function in cocaine addiction is mostly unexplored in humans. To explore this, we studied the behavioral, physiological, and endocrine responses of cocaine addicts to challenges with either a placebo or with the serotonin partial agonist m -chlorophenylpiperazine hydrochloride ( m -CPP). Nineteen patients who were in good physical health, whose drug of choice was cocaine and had used it almost exclusively during the year preceding our study, and who met DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for cocaine dependence or abuse were included in the study. Their mean (±SD) age was 35.1 ±7.2 years. They were tested after admission to our inpatient drug rehabilitation unit. The mean (±SD) number of days elapsed since drug discontinuation was 15.1 ±6.6. Patients received m -CPP (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo in identical capsules, in random sequence, at 9:30 AM, with a 2-day interval between test days and according to a double-blind
Mechanisms of Bactericidal Action of Cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of Eugenol against L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei

ABSTRACT The spice oil components eugenol and cinnamaldehyde possess activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but the mechanisms of action remain obscure. In broth media at 20°C, 5 mM eugenol or 30 mM cinnamaldehyde was bactericidal (>1-log reduction in the number of CFU per milliliter in 1 h) to Listeria monocytogenes. At a concentration of 6 mM eugenol was bactericidal to Lactobacillus sakei, but treatment with 0.5 M cinnamaldehyde had no significant effect. To investigate the role of interference with energy generation in the mechanism of action, the cellular and extracellular ATP levels of cells in HEPES buffer at 20°C were measured. Treatment of nonenergized L. monocytogenes with 5 mM eugenol, 40 mM cinnamaldehyde, or 10 μM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) for 5 min prevented an increase in the cellular ATP concentration upon addition of glucose. Treatment of energized L. monocytogenes with 40 mM cinnamaldehyde or 10 μM CCCP caused a rapid decline in cellular ATP levels, but 5 mM eugenol had no effect on cellular ATP. Treatment of L. sakei with 10 mM eugenol prevented ATP generation by nonenergized cells and had no effect on the cellular ATP of energized cells. CCCP at a concentration of 100 μM had no significant effect on the cellular ATP of L. sakei. No significant changes in extracellular ATP were observed. Due to their rapidity, effects on energy generation clearly play a major role in the activity of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde at bactericidal concentrations. The possible mechanisms of inhibition of energy generation are inhibition of glucose uptake or utilization of glucose and effects on membrane permeability.
Outpatient Management of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis

OBJECTIVES After participating in the CME activity, primary care physicians should be able to: 1. Discuss the efficacy and safety of low-molecularweight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin for treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) 2. Evaluate the benefits of outpatient versus inpatient therapy 3. Describe components of an outpatient treatment program for DVT 4. Discuss economic aspects of treatment with LMWH
Multi-parameter Adaptive Prediction of Chaotic Time series based on LS-SVR

Nowadays, fault detect and prediction is quite important for the purpose of ensuring the correct functioning of complex system; nevertheless, it is usually difficult to establish an exact mathematical model in analytical form for complex system, therefore, fault prediction of complex system always relays on the analysis of the observed chaotic time series. In order to enhance the validity and accuracy of the prediction process, all relevant multi-parameter chaotic time series information is taken into consideration in this work. Then, multi-parameter phase space reconstruction process is performed to generate training samples; and a multi-parameter adaptive prediction model using least squares support vector regression approach is established in the end. The proposed method is based on the support vector machine prediction theory. In this manuscript, the simulation experiment of chaotic time series with three parameters of certain equipment is investigated and presented for an illustration. As indicated by the results, the proposed method is of good prediction accuracy; furthermore, it is shown to be an effective prediction method.
Correlation of Limiting Currents under Free Convection Conditions

Limiting currents were measured for deposition of copper on plane vertical cathodes from unstirred solutions. Electrolyte composition ranged from 0.01 to 0.7 molal CuSO4, 1.38 to 1.57 molal H2SO4, and 0 to 6.38 molal glycerol. Cathode heights varied from 0.25 to 3.0 in. Limiting current densities were from 0.4 to 108 ma/cm 2. A general correlation of the data may be represented by the equation: Nu' = 0.673 (ScGr)m, where Nu', Sc, and Gr are the mass transfer Nusselt, Schmidt, and Grashof numbers, respectively. This result is in good agreement with that predicted from the boundary layer theory for mass transfer by free convection.
Gene‐trap‐based target site for Cre‐mediated transgenic insertion

Summary: There is an increasing need for tissue‐specific gene expression regulatory elements to study normal and disease development in the mouse. However, the cloning and characterization of these elements are time‐consuming and costly. Thus, there is a particular need to be able to identify gene expression patterns without having to clone the promoter elements. Gene‐trap strategies identify expression patterns assigned for endogenous genes using reporters, such as LacZ (Gossler et al., 1989; Skarnes, 1990) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Ishida and Leder, 1999; Zheng and Hughes, 1999). The gene‐trap vector randomly inserts into the genome and “steals” regulatory elements for the reporter. Here we describe an improved gene‐trap strategy, which allows an efficient Cre recombinase‐mediated insertion of any transgene into the trapped loci as a post‐integrational modification and links the expression of the transgene to that of the reporter. genesis 26:245–252, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of three nodD genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli; nodD 1 is preceded by nolE, a gene whose product is secreted from the cytoplasm

In a strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, three copies of the regulatory nodulation gene nodD were identified on the Sym plasmid and sequenced. Two were closely linked to each other and the third was near, but not adjacent, to the nodABC genes. Each of these nodD genes could correct the Nod defect of a nodD mutant strain of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae on peas. A truncated form of nodD2 could also correct this mutant, indicating that the C‐terminus of NodD2 is not needed for inducing activity. Upstream of nodD1 and in the same operon is a newly described gene, nolE, whose product appears to be exported into the periplasm. Close to nodD2 is another gene, nolP, with no known counterpart in other rhizobia. Both nolP and nolE‐nodD1 are preceded by ‘nod‐box’ sequences and, in the former case, there appear to be two tandemly repeated nod‐box sequences. Mutations in each of the nodD genes and in the nolE and nolP genes did not abolish nodulation or nitrogen fixation on beans.
Cold‐preservation–induced sensitivity of rat hepatocyte function to rewarming injury and its prevention by short‐term reperfusion

With increasing time of cold preservation, levels of high‐energy nucleotides in the liver are reducing. The authors hypothesized that cold preservation sensitizes hepatocyte function to ischemic injury occurring during graft rewarming and that the injury can be prevented by short‐term reperfusion. Rat livers were cold‐preserved in University of Wisconsin solution for 0 to 18 hours and ischemically rewarmed for 0 to 45 minutes to simulate the implantation stage of transplantation. Hepatobiliary function was assessed using a blood‐free perfusion model. In comparison with controls, neither 18‐hour preservation nor 45‐minute ischemic rewarming significantly influenced hepatocyte function. Compared with livers subjected to 45‐minute ischemic rewarming, livers subjected to 9‐hour preservation and 45‐minute rewarming, and livers subjected to 18‐hour preservation and 45‐minute rewarming exhibited, respectively: 3.8 and 24 times reduced bile production, 4.3‐ and 116‐fold decreased taurocholate excretion, and 3.1 and 42 times depressed bromosulfophthalein excretion. Thirty‐minute oxygenated warm reperfusion after 9‐ and 18‐hour preservation nearly completely blunted sensitization of hepatocyte function to rewarming ischemia. The authors found that short‐term oxygenated reperfusion restored adenine nucleotides in liver tissue to the values found before organ preservation and that reperfusion with energy substrate containing solutions increased tissue adenosine triphosphate concentration to a higher level than that found before preservation. In conclusion, sensitization of hepatocyte function to rewarming ischemia increases disproportionally with storage time, suggesting that this phenomenon may play a role in graft dysfunctions with increasing liver preservation time. Short‐term oxygenated reperfusion of the liver may protect hepatocyte functions against warm ischemic insult, even after extended preservation.
Unified Switching between Active Flying and Perching of a Bioinspired Robot Using Impedance Control

Currently, a bottleneck problem for battery-powered microflying robots is time of endurance. Inspired by flying animal behavior in nature, an innovative mechanism with active flying and perching in the three-dimensional space was proposed to greatly increase mission life and more importantly execute tasks perching on an object in the stationary way. In prior work, we have developed some prototypes of flying and perching robots. However, when the robots switch between flying and perching, it is a challenging issue to deal with the contact between the robot and environment under the traditional position control without considering the stationary obstacle and external force. Therefore, we propose a unified impedance control approach for bioinspired flying and perching robots to smoothly contact with the environment. The dynamic model of the bioinspired robot is deduced, and the proposed impedance control method is employed to control the contact force and displacement with the environment. Simulations including the top perching and side perching and the preliminary experiments were conducted to validate the proposed method. Both simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed control methods for controlling a bioinspired flying and perching robot.