Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human motion recognition using three-dimensional skeleton model based on RGBD vision system

Human action recognition is one of the most important topics in computer vision. It has a lot of applications in intelligent monitoring, human-computer interaction, virtual reality, motion analysis and video annotation, etc. However, the effects of recognition are usually affected by human occlusion, self-occlusion, ambiguity and so on. In view of the above problems, this article describes an algorithm to recognize human motion using three-dimensional skeleton model based on RGBD vision system. Firstly, the human body three-dimensional skeleton model is established with the Kinect. Next, the normalized relative positions of skeleton joints and joint angles are adopted as features, and the action database containing the color image, the depth image, the skeletal image and the coordinates of the joints is built. Then, the features are trained and classified by multi-class support vector machine classifier. Finally, human motion recognitions are carried out. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm can recognize 12 kinds of actions behaved by different humans effectively.
Differences between Cerebral Organoids Derived from a non-PD and a Parkinson’s Patient: A Potential Vulnerability for Neuroinvasive Viruses

The development of 3D cerebral brain organoids which accurately resemble aspects of the human brain permits a more accurate characterization of physiological processes and neurological diseases. Cerebral organoids can be grown from stem cell lines with various genetic backgrounds allowing multiple neurodegenerative diseases to be modeled. While dysfunction in neurotransmission of patients with neurodegenerative diseases is expected, the impact of chronic neurodegeneration on the response to viral infection of the CNS is poorly understood. For instance, several mosquito-borne viruses like Dengue virus and West Nile Virus cause post-viral parkinsonism. How CNS infection might impact a host with inherent CNS dysfunction such as Parkinson’s Disease in poorly understood. This preliminary, observational study aimed to understand dysfunction in intrinsic and innate expression of a patient with a neurodegenerative disease and a non-affected individual in relation to potential viral infection in the CNS. Cerebral organoids were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells with a normal genetic background or with idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease. After differentiation and maturation, organoid size, gene expression and immunofluorescence were evaluated to assess neurotransmission and innate immunity. While there was no significant difference in size of the organoids with a normal or Parkinson’s genetic background, gene expression studies identified multiple differences in innate immunity and neurotransmission. Immunofluorescence also identified differences in protein expression related to neurotransmission and innate immunity. Of note, organoids derived from a Parkinson’s patient exhibited endogenous up-regulation of dopamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, GABA, glycine, and glutamate targets, and the majority of cytokines. This expression pattern suggests a chronic state of neuroexcitation and neuroinflammation in this population of organoids.
Evolution of hes Gene Family in Vertebrates: hes5 Cluster Genes Were Specifically Increased in Xenopus

Background hes genes are chordate homologs of Drosophila genes, hairy and enhancer of split, which encode a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor with a WRPW motif. Various developmental functions of hes genes, including early embryogenesis and neurogenesis, have been elucidated in vertebrates. However, their orthologous relationships remain unclear partly because of less conservation of relatively short amino acid sequences, less conserved synteny, and species-specific gene duplication. This results in complicated gene names in vertebrates, which are not consistent in orthologs. In a previous study, we revealed that Xenopus frogs have two clusters of hes5, named “the hes5.1 cluster” and “the hes5.3 cluster. ” The origin has not yet been revealed. Results Here, we elucidated the orthologous and paralogous relationships of all hes genes of human, mouse, chicken, gecko, zebrafish, medaka, coelacanth, spotted gar, elephant shark, and Xenopus frogs (X. tropicalis and X. laevis) by phylogenic and synteny analysis. Any clusters of hes5 were not found in amniotes, whereas duplicated hes5 clusters in teleost were found although not as many genes as Xenopus. In addition, hes5 cluster-like structure was found in the elephant shark genome, but not found in cyclostomata. Conclusion These data suggest that the hes5 cluster existed in the gnathostome ancestor, but was lost in amniotes.
Creditor Protection, Ease of Repossession, and the Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from Quasi-natural Experiments

We document that shareholders respond to strengthening of creditor rights after the staggered adoption of anti-recharacterization laws across various U.S. states by reducing the cost of equity capital. This effect is more pronounced among firms that are financially constrained, have more growth opportunities, and weaker corporate governance. We further find that the adoption of such laws directly lowers information asymmetry, overall firm risk, and leads to a more dispersed debt structure. These results suggest that strengthening of creditor rights leads to improved financing capacity and creditor monitoring, and shareholders benefit from it.
Strain measurements with fibre Bragg grating sensors under inhomogeneous deformations

Bragg grating sensors are fibre optic sensors for strain and temperature investigations with many advantages: the sensors can be embedded in plastic materials or composites and several gratings can be inscribed in one sensor. However, inhomogeneous deformation or transversal loading cause widening and splitting of the reflected wavelength peak of a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. These effects are shown in a residual stress analysis, in which the hole drilling method is adapted for FBG sensors. Additionally, a four-point bending test on three different notched aluminium beams is used to investigate the widening and splitting of the reflected peaks and their effects on the strain analysis. At each sample, a reference strain gauge sensor and two FBG sensors are applied. The two FBG sensors are loaded with different strain gradients. The unnotched beam and the beam with small strain gradient show the accuracy and reproducibility of the experiment. The beam with medium strain gradient shows no peak splitting, but the widening does influence the strain analysis. The results of the beam with high strain gradient demonstrate the peak splitting and the failure of the strain analysis methods. Initial approaches on how to deal with this widening and splitting are discussed.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGUNGKAPAN INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran bank, profitabilitas, leverage, likuiditas terhadap internet financial reporting pada bank umum syariah di Indonesia secara parsial dan simultan. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik regresi data panel. Serta pupulasi yang digunakan ialah Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Dengan penilaian internet financial reporting menggunakan 45 indikator. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan secara parsial ukuran bank, profitabilitas, leverage, berpengaruh positif signifikan, sedangkan likuiditas berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap internet financial reporting. Secara simultan ukuran bank, profitabilitas, leverage, likuiditas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap internet financial reporting pada bank umum syariah di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Ukuran bank, profitabilitas, leverage, likuiditas, internet financial reporting. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of bank size, profitability, leverage, liquidity on internet financial reporting of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia partially and simultaneously. Using a quantitative approach with panel data regression techniques. As well as the population used is Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The internet financial reporting assessment uses 45 indicators. The results obtained show that partially bank size, profitability, leverage, have a significant positive effect, while liquidity has a significant negative effect on internet financial reporting. Simultaneously, bank size, profitability, leverage, liquidity have a significant positive effect on internet financial reporting at sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. Keywords: Bank size, profitability, leverage, liquidity, internet financial reporting. ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGUNGKAPAN INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Non-monotonic Surface Charging Behavior of Platinum: A Paradigm Change

In electrochemical systems, metal surface charging phenomena dictate the strength of electrostatic interactions between the electrified electrode and ions in solution. These effects are of vital importance for electrochemical reactions in general. Historically, the potential of zero charge (pzc) of the metal has been employed to parametrize the surface charging relation. The structural model of the electrified interface presented in this article goes beyond the oversimplified pzc concept by accounting for the formation of surface oxide and the orientational ordering of interfacial water molecules. The analytical solution of the model reveals a peculiar non-monotonic charging behavior. The Pt surface exhibits a negative effective charge in a low potential region, a positive charge in an intermediate potential region, and a negative charge in a high potential region due to surface oxide dipoles. This non-monotonic behavior is in agreement with a seminal experimental work of Frumkin and Petrii [Electrochim.
What Brings Female Professionals to Entrepreneurship? Exploring the Antecedents of Women’s Professional Entrepreneurship

This study explores how female professionals engage in starting their own businesses, known as professional entrepreneurship. In particular, this study specifies what factors foster the likelihood of self-employment of female professionals. Drawing upon the push and pull theories of entrepreneurship, we argue that individual capabilities (as a pull factor) make the self-employment of female professionals less likely, while discrimination experiences (as a push factor) make the self-employment of female professionals more likely. Given such bifurcated effects of these factors, we examine the combinatory effects of individual capabilities and discrimination experiences (which are specified as attribute-based and family-based discrimination experiences) on the rate of self-employment of female professionals. With a sample of 1356 female lawyers in the U.S., we test our hypotheses predicting the rate of self-employment with respect to prior salary and discrimination experiences. Our results reveal that prior salary (a pull factor) motivates female lawyers to stay at the traditional law firms, whereas attribute-based discrimination experiences (a push factor) motivate them to open their own office. Furthermore, we find that such a push effect is pronounced only among the female lawyers with lower salaries. Then, the empirical findings are discussed to elaborate the process of female professionals’ entrepreneurship.
Anticipated Volatility, Unanticipated Volatility Shocks, Excess Monthly Returns and Stock Market Behaviour of Pakistan

1 Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh, 2 Sahrish Zameer, 3 Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui 1 Associate Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, ramzansheikh@bzu.edu. pk 2 Lecturer in Economics, University of Chakwal, Pakistan, zsahrish@gmail.com 3 Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, sulman.siddiqui@iub.edu. pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History Revised format: January 2021 Available Online: March 2021 An investor considers various factors to choose the financial assets. The portfolio theory suggests that risk, return, taxes, information and liquidity are vital factors in portfolio choice. The study is based on risk premium, uncertainty, shocks and volatility of Pakistan stock exchange market. The study has used monthly time series data of returns of ten sectors of Pakistan stock market ranging from 2006 to 2014 to measure the anticipated and unanticipated factors of risk, return and uncertainty. Using CAPM, it is pointed out that volatility factor is present and high in overall stock market and the level of volatility in different sectors of the market moves in the same direction which suggest that speculative activities are widely spread in every sector and in overall market as well.
AN ANALYSIS OF MECHANISM FOR CUSTOMERS' PURCHASE AMOUNT AND NUMBER OF VISITS IN DEPARTMENT STORE

The purpose of this study is to reveal how marketing affects customers’ purchase amount and number of visits in Japanese department stores. We model purchase amounts by using a hierarchical Bayes regression model and number of visits by using a hierarchical Bayes Poisson regression model. Furthermore, we estimate the latent factor behind price as the purchase amount per month with a Type-1 Tobit model and the structural heterogeneity of each customer with a model for variable selection. Direct mail and events are used as marketing measures. The analytical results reveal marketing measures that raise customers’ final purchase amounts.
An Overview of Olive Cultivation in Turkey: Botanical Features, Eco-Physiology and Phytochemical Aspects

Global climate change, especially global warming, is affecting olive production efficiency as well as its product quality. The size and water content of fruit varies depending on the olive fruit yield along with the region, climate, and geographical position as well as agricultural applications. Anthropogenic activities also affect its ecology to a great extent. The plant prefers areas with mild winters and short rainy seasons but is facing long and dry summers, sunny habitats, well drained dry, poor, loamy, clayey-loamy, slightly calcareous, pebbly and nutrient-rich soils, with a pH around 6–8. It is resistant to drought but suffers much from harsh winters and air pollutants, which affect its production. Although the olive plant tolerates temperatures between −7 °C to 40 °C, the optimum temperature demanded for growth, development, and fruit yield is 15–25 °C. The annual precipitation demand lies between 700–850 mm. An important part of the composition of its fruit consists of water and oil or the “liquid gold”. Main ingredients are additionally fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, organic sugars, and phenolics. Phenolic substances are responsible for many beneficial health effects as well as the taste and aroma of olive fruit. Oleuropein stands out due to its inhibition of oxidation of low density lipoproteins and its hypoglycemic and cholesterolemic effects. It is also a component that protects the olive tree against various parasites and diseases, one of the reasons why olive is recorded as the “immortal tree”. Olive trees are cultivated in different regions of Turkey. A series of changes occur in morphological, physiological, and biochemical features to overcome different types of stress. In this review, information about the botanical aspects, eco-physiology, and pharmaceutical features of the oil, fruit, and leaves has been evaluated.
Quantum spatial correlations imaging through thick scattering media: experiments and comparison with simulations of the biphoton wave function

We first extend our recent experiments of spatial quantum correlations imaging through thin scattering media to the case where two phase scattering plates placed respectively in the image and the Fourier planes of the biphoton source, mimics a thick scattering medium. Spatial correlations between twin photons are still detected at the quantum level but no more in the form of two-photon speckle-like patterns. However, we show that spatial entanglement of very-high dimensionality can be retrieved through thick scattering media with moderate losses and without any fair sampling assumption in the space and time domains. Second, a numerical simulation of the biphoton wave function is developed and applied to our experimental situation, with a good agreement.
A Review On Transient Thermal Management of Electronic Devices

Much effort in the area of electronics thermal management has focused on developing cooling solutions that cater to steady-state operation. However, electronic devices are increasingly being used in applications involving time-varying workloads. These include microprocessors (particularly those used in portable devices), power electronic devices such as IGBTs, and high-power semiconductor laser diode arrays. Transient thermal management solutions become essential to ensure the performance and reliability of such devices. In this review, emerging transient thermal management requirements are identified, and cooling solutions reported in the literature for such applications are presented with a focus on time scales of thermal response. Transient cooling techniques employing actively controlled two-phase microchannel heat sinks, phase change materials (PCM), heat pipes/vapor chambers, combined PCM-heat pipes/vapor chambers, and flash boiling systems are examined in detail. They are compared in terms of their thermal response times to ascertain their suitability for the thermal management of pulsed workloads associated with microprocessor chips, IGBTs, and high-power laser diode arrays. Thermal design guidelines for the selection of appropriate package level thermal resistance and capacitance combinations are also recommended.
Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposites: Pre-curing, curing temperature, and cooling rate

The effects of composite fabrication, such as pre-curing, curing temperature, and cooling rate, were studied. In this work, the pre-curing was defined as heat treatment of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNCTs) with Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin. Acid purified MWCNTs were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The pre-curing facilitated bonding between MWCNTs and epoxy via the oxirane ring of DGEBA, which accelerated the curing process of epoxy and increased mechanical properties. The elevated curing temperature on the pre-cured sample further improved the composite’s mechanical properties by increasing interfacial bonding due to cross-linking. The rapid cooling using liquid nitrogen during pre-curing treatment prevented re-agglomeration of MWCNTs, showing smaller agglomerates and improving the mechanical properties. Agglomeration was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, while the bonding between MWCNTs and epoxy was examined by the length of fibre pull-out on the fracture surface. Tensile testing was deployed for mechanical properties characterization. The degree of cure was determined by FTIR and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA).
An Early Year History of Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in West Bengal: A Review (Funded work)

Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as a causative agent of human diseases for more than 100 years. Staphylococcus aureus can cause numerous fatal diseases including sepsis, soft tissue injury, urinary tract infection. Emergence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a very common problem worldwide. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterium can be identified if the strain is non-susceptible against at least one antibiotic agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus are becoming resistant against various antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem and other β-lactam antibiotics. Resistance against methicillin and vancomycin can be said as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) respectively. However, 11% to 56% of the available Staphylococcus aureus are methicillin resistant in West Bengal. Whereas, the emergence of VRSA was found to be equally high in this geographical region. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is too hard to treat, as vancomycin is said to be the last resort of antibiotics to treat methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These emergence of resistance against several antibiotics may include many ways like inhibition of drug entry into the cell, inactivation of β-lactamase enzyme, etc. several genes are also responsible for the drug resistance like mecA, vanH, vanA and vanX. The present review article deals with the research done on the antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus within the last decade in West Bengal. It also puts light on the various methods by which the Staphylococcus aureus might become resistant against antibiotics and also tries to deals with the genetics involved in it.
Comparative Analysis of Gender Differences in Environmental Values of Chinese People

This study investigated the differences of environmental values of Chinese people across the country and between men and women. Questionnaire survey method was adopted, T test and variance analysis were used to obtain the results. Result shows that: the overall score of the male NEP scale was significantly lower than that of the female. From the mean value of the five dimensions of environmental values, environmental education should be carried out continuously, with special emphasis on men.
The estimation of cholesterol intake in elderly: reliability and validity of short, Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ)

Purpose: High intake of cholesterol leads to cardiovascular disruption. Estimating the actual intake of cholesterol can be beneficial for nutrition intervention. This research aimed to develop Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to estimate cholesterol intake and analyze its reliability and validity. Methods: SQ-FFQ was developed by sorting high cholesterol food items in Indonesian food database and food items' availability. A total of 30 older adults were randomly chosen from Public Health Center in Jagir District, Surabaya, Indonesia to test its validity. Reliability test was done by measuring the same developed SQ-FFQ in one-month period, while validity test was done by comparing SQ-FFQ results with 6-days food record. Statistical analysis used for reliability test was paired t-test, the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and Cronbach's α to measure the internal consistency. Meanwhile, validity of developed SQ-FFQ was analyzed using paired t-test and Bland-Altman. Results: Reliability of 2 administered SQ-FFQs showed a good agreement based on paired t-test analysis (p = 0.200), ICC (0.609), and Cronbach's α (0.757). Strong agreement was found in most of food items, but agreements for egg yolk and fried duck were poor. Significant difference was found between those food items (p = 0.001 vs. p < 0.001, respectively) with mean difference were −25.3 mg and 46.2 mg. Validity of developed SQFFQ2 compared to 6-days food diary records also found a strong agreement based on paired t-test and the Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusion: This baseline research provides a reasonably valid and repeatable measure of cholesterol intake estimation that can be widely used in nutrition and public health study, especially in Indonesia. No study has been conducted in Indonesia on the development of tools to estimate the cholesterol intake.