Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NAVIGATIONAL SENSING FOR THE EDUBOT NSF Summer Undergraduate Fellowship in Sensor Technologies

Automation – making a robot perform human functions but without human control – is the overarching goal of robotics. An important aspect of autonomous robots is the ability to detect and avoid obstacles. The goal of this project was to determine the feasibility of enabling a hexapedal robot, known as the EduBot, to generate maps of its surrounding area. This was accomplished by equipping the EduBot with a laser scanner, which was then controlled by the ROS robotic software package. The laser scanner was used to measure the distances to obstacles surrounding the EduBot. These measurements were then used by a ROS program to generate a map of the environment. The EduBot mapped various areas within a building to provide a large sample for analysis. These maps were then compared with the actual area to determine their accuracy. Once software and hardware errors discovered in early maps were corrected, the EduBot was able to generate accurate representations of its surrounding environment, thus allowing the EduBot to sense it surroundings. This suggest that autonomous navigation by the EduBot is possible. 1 Professor, Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania 2 Post-Doctoral Fellow, Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania
The Middle Construction in Wine Drinking Recommendations

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Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory

SUMMARY The purpose of this Position Stand is to provide guidance to professionals who counsel and prescribe individualized exercise to apparently healthy adults of all ages. These recommendations also may apply to adults with certain chronic diseases or disabilities, when appropriately evaluated and advised by a health professional. This document supersedes the 1998 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Position Stand, ‘‘The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults. ’’ The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. A program of regular exercise that includes cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training beyond activities of daily living to improve and maintain physical fitness and health is essential for most adults. The ACSM recommends that most adults engage in moderate-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for Q30 minId j1 on Q 5d Iwk j1 for a total of Q150 minIwk j1 , vigorous-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for Q20 minId j1 on Q 3d Iwk j1 (Q75 minIwk j1 ), or a combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise to achieve a total energy expenditure of Q500–1000 METIminIwk j1 . On 2–3 dIwk j1 , adults should also perform resistance exercises for each of the major muscle groups, and neuromotor exercise involving balance, agility, and coordination. Crucial to maintaining joint range of movement, completing a series of flexibility exercises for each the major muscle–tendon groups (a total of 60 s per exercise) on Q 2d Iwk j1 is recommended. The exercise program
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la catarata en pacientes con glaucoma

A prospective longitudinal quasi-experimental study was conducted in glaucoma patients who required cataract surgery at the Jose Marti Eye Center between February 2010 and August 2011 in order to evaluate the influence of cataract treatment in patients with glaucoma. Three groups of study were formed according to the treatment applied: cataract surgery, cataract surgery after trabeculectomy, and combined surgery of cataract and glaucoma at the same time. The parameters, visual acuity, eye strain, number of drugs used, and complications after treatment were assessed. A total of 31 eyes from 31 patients with a mean age of 67.2 years were included in the study. An increase in visual acuity, with and without optical correction, was documented at one month and three months in the three treatment groups. The ocular tension decreased significantly in the three groups of study; and it was most evident in the group of patients who underwent the combined operation of cataract and glaucoma at the same time. The complications listed by frequency were: corneal edema, hyphema and iris detachment. It is concluded that the treatment of cataract in glaucoma patients improves visual acuity and reduces intraocular tension and the number of drugs required by the patient with a low incidence of complications.
Early Surgery in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Is a Better Option than Prolonged Conservative Treatment

Early surgery is a very important aspect of treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. In Crohn’s disease, early surgery should be performed in emergencies, in refractory courses, and in special cases at the beginning of the disease if there is a stenosis limited to the terminal ileum. In ulcerative colitis, prolonged therapy with extended application of all available substances should be avoided. Every therapy with more than 2 biologicals endangers the patient. Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) should also be resected earlier due to a 23% risk of synchronous and metachronous high-grade IEN or cancer.
Mobilização precoce no doente pós AVC, uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Introduction –– Stroke is associated for several decades to the main cause of death and incapacity. Rehabilitation with emphasis on early mobilization shows to be an important point in the recovery process of patients with Stroke, because it helps to reduce complications and functional capacities impairment. Objective – To verify if there is evidence that early mobilization has positive effects on the rehabilitation of the person with Stroke. Methods – This is a systematic and comprehensive review of literature with search on the electronic databases such as PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar. Articles published between 2005 and 2015 which focused the early mobilization post Stroke were selected. The research was conducted from the following research question “What are the effects of early mobilization post Stroke? ” Results – 71 articles were identified. After reading their abstracts, 31 articles were selected and 40 excluded. After an intensive reading 16 articles were selected and 15 were excluded because they didn’t fulfil criteria inclusion. The selected articles have shown that early mobilization significantly improves the functional capacity of patients during their daily routine as well as their independency after medical discharge. Conclusions – It has been shown that early mobilization brings positive effects on patients post Stroke.
Review on Immunomodulation and Immunomodulatory Activity of Some Herbal Plants

The immune system is one of our most complex biological systems in the body. Immunization may be active or passive. The active immunization involves stimulation with an antigen to develop immunological defences against a future exposure and passive immunization involves administration of preformed antibodies to an individual who is already exposed to be exposed to an antigen. Immunomodulatory agents originate from both plant and animal which increases the immune responsiveness of the body against pathogens by activating the non specific immune system. The immune system dysfunction is responsible for various diseases like allergy, asthma, arthritis, cancer and other infectious diseases. So modulation of immune responses too much required to controlling the various infectious diseases. The texts of traditional Indian medicine literature consist of a number of plants reputed to promote physical and mental health, improve defence mechanisms of the body and enhance longevity, lesser number of side effects against synthetic immunomodulatory agent.
Modular framework to model critical events in stroke patients

Several of the major causes of death in the world are related to neurological diseases, like strokes, sclerosis, or Parkinson's. As a consequence, extraordinary amounts of clinical information are collected. With proper Modeling and Simulation (MS) techniques, predictive models can be defined to help physicians in their diagnoses. We have come to the conclusion that the implementation of an abstract MS methodology to facilitate the processing and modeling of the collected data would be of great help. In this paper, we focus on the development of such an abstract framework, mainly aimed at facilitating and automating the process of data collection and predictive and diagnose models. As a use case, we show how this methodology is applied to determine the stroke type and exitus (i.e. probability of death) of stroke patients in the early stages of their episodes. The best models are evaluated and constantly updated to generate these predictions.
Knochenersatz und Knochenaufbau

Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung von Knochendefekten kann den Operateur – abhängig von Ursache, Lokalisation und Größe – vor große Herausforderungen stellen. Zur möglichen Therapie stehen diverse Verfahren zum Knochenersatz und Knochenaufbau zur Verfügung, die dieser Artikel vorstellt.
Vehicular Traffic Congestion Classification by Visual Features and Deep Learning Approaches: A Comparison

Automatic traffic flow classification is useful to reveal road congestions and accidents. Nowadays, roads and highways are equipped with a huge amount of surveillance cameras, which can be used for real-time vehicle identification, and thus providing traffic flow estimation. This research provides a comparative analysis of state-of-the-art object detectors, visual features, and classification models useful to implement traffic state estimations. More specifically, three different object detectors are compared to identify vehicles. Four machine learning techniques are successively employed to explore five visual features for classification aims. These classic machine learning approaches are compared with the deep learning techniques. This research demonstrates that, when methods and resources are properly implemented and tested, results are very encouraging for both methods, but the deep learning method is the most accurately performing one reaching an accuracy of 99.9% for binary traffic state classification and 98.6% for multiclass classification.
The Generalized Contrast-to-Noise Ratio: A Formal Definition for Lesion Detectability

In the last 30 years, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) has been used to estimate the contrast and lesion detectability in ultrasound images. Recent studies have shown that the CNR cannot be used with modern beamformers, as dynamic range alterations can produce arbitrarily high CNR values with no real effect on the probability of lesion detection. We generalize the definition of CNR based on the overlap area between two probability density functions. This generalized CNR (gCNR) is robust against dynamic range alterations; it can be applied to all kind of images, units, or scales; it provides a quantitative measure for contrast; and it has a simple statistical interpretation, i.e., the success rate that can be expected from an ideal observer at the task of separating pixels. We test gCNR on several state-of-the-art imaging algorithms and, in addition, on a trivial compression of the dynamic range. We observe that CNR varies greatly between the state-of-the-art methods, with improvements larger than 100%. We observe that trivial compression leads to a CNR improvement of over 200%. The proposed index, however, yields the same value for compressed and uncompressed images. The tested methods showed mismatched performance in terms of lesion detectability, with variations in gCNR ranging from −0.08 to +0.29. This new metric fixes a methodological flaw in the way we study contrast and allows us to assess the relevance of new imaging algorithms.
Lessons learned from a decade implementing Comprehensive Sexuality Education in resource poor settings: The World Starts With Me

Abstract Today, more than half of the world population is under the age of 25 years and one in four is under age 18. The urgency of expanding access to Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) notably for children and young people in Africa and Asia is greater than ever before. However, many challenges to the implementation and delivery of CSE in resource poor settings have been identified in the literature. CSE’s effectiveness could be strongly improved if these challenges were better met. This paper aims to contribute to those much-needed improvements by sharing lessons learned from a decade of implementation of one particular CSE programme, The World Starts With Me, among various populations in 11 low income countries in Africa and Asia. The aims, content, reach and effectiveness of the programme are described. Next, the challenges for implementation and delivery at student, teacher, school and context level are discussed with reference to the wider knowledge base in this area. Finally, suggestions are provided for ways forward including the increased sensitivity of programmes for normative and practical barriers to sexual health, further advancement towards gender transformativity, a far-reaching expansion of comprehensive forms of teacher training and coaching, and a serious stepping-up of multilevel ‘whole school’ approaches.
An A10398G mitochondrial DNA alteration is related to increased risk of breast cancer, and associates with Her2 positive receptor

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide after lung cancer. Mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of cellular function, metabolism, and cell death in cancer cells. We aim to examine the mitochondrial polymorphisms of complex I in association with breast cancer in an Iranian cohort. This experimental study includes 53 patients with breast cancer and 35 healthy control patients. In addition, tumor-adjacent normal breast tissue was obtained from each patient. The DNA of the tissue cells was extracted and analyzed for complex I mutations using a PCR sequencing method. Our results show 94 mtDNA complex I variants in tumor tissues. A10398G was the most prevalent polymorphism and strongly correlated with Her2 receptor in tumor tissue samples. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been widely linked to the etiology of numerous disorders. The mtDNA mutations screening on A10398G along with other mutations might provide insight on the role of mitochondrial mutations in breast cancer.
Antimicrobial Activity of Quinoline-Based Hydroxyimidazolium Hybrids

Eight quinoline-based hydroxyimidazolium hybrids 7a–h were prepared and evaluated in vitro against a panel of clinically important fungal and bacterial pathogens, including mycobacteria. Hybrid compounds 7c–d showed remarkable antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 15.6 µg/mL. Against other opportunistic fungi such as Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. , these hybrids showed MIC values of 62.5 µg/mL. Regarding their antibacterial activity, all the synthetic hybrids demonstrated little inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria (MIC ≥50 µg/mL), however, hybrid 7b displayed >50% inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae at 20 µg/mL and full inhibition at 50 µg/mL. Moreover, this hybrid was shown to be a potent anti-staphylococcal molecule, with a MIC value of 2 µg/mL (5 µM). In addition, hybrid 7h also demonstrated inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus at 20 µg/mL (47 µM). Hybrids 7a and 7b were the most potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC values of 20 and 10 µg/mL (46 and 24 µM), respectively. The 7b hybrid demonstrated high selectivity in killing S. aureus and M. tuberculosis H37Rv in comparison with mammalian cells (SI >20), and thus it can be considered a hit molecule for mechanism of action studies and the exploration of related chemical space.
Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association/National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit collaborative project to develop key indicators for quality of care in obstetric anaesthesia: first steps in the right direction

The aim of delivering high-quality clinical care that optimises patient outcomes has always been a driving principle in the practice of medicine. However, how best to measure and assess the quality of care provided has only become a focus in the past few decades. Quality indicators to assess healthcare structures, clinical processes, patient experience and outcomes related to the provision of anaesthesia are now a priority for many institutions in the USA (e.g. American Society of Anesthesiologists, Anesthesia Quality Institute, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Multicenter Peri-operative Outcomes Group) and the UK (e.g. Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in studies evaluating quality and outcome measures; a 2018 systematic review of studies published in the past 10 years identified 43,860 journal articles and 43 relevant indicator programme publications, with a total of 1282 clinical indicators described [1]. The development of indicators to measure and assess the quality of obstetric anaesthetic care, and determine if the quality of care or processes are linked to improved outcomes, is currently very limited. In this edition of Anaesthesia, Bamber et al. report the findings from an Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association (OAA) and National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU) collaborative that aimed to identify a core set of quality indicators for obstetric anaesthetic services [2]. This collaborative effort consisted of a three-stage Delphi survey of 133 key stakeholders that included obstetric anaesthetists, other maternity care health professionals and women who had used maternity services. The initial 31 indicators included for evaluation covered three domains of service provision (13 indicators); service quality (8 indicators); and clinical outcome (10 indicators). These were derived from national peer-reviewed publications, with the option for stakeholders to make suggestions for additional indicators. These quality and outcome indicators were pared down by the staged Delphi process and final consensus to five indicators that the stakeholders considered the most relevant to the assessment and benchmarking of the quality of care in obstetric anaesthesia [2]. The final five quality indicators were: 1 Proportion of women who had an epidural (or combined spinal-epidural) for labour analgesia who had an accidental dural puncture. 2 Availability of guidelines for the referral of patients to an anaesthetist for an antenatal review. 3 Existence of elective caesarean section lists with dedicated (i.e. not expected to cover emergency work) obstetric, anaesthetic and theatre staff.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF PREMATURE DETACHMENT OF NORMALLY INSERTED PLACENTA

The cause of abruptio placentae is yet unkown. More theories have been generated but none of them has been confirmed so far. Thus the risk factors were emphasized. The identification and the follow up of these risk factors regarding premature detachment of normally inserted placenta constitute a major concern for prenatal medical care and the dispensarization of the pregnant woman. Thus the association of multiple risk factors such as: chronic AHT, preeclamsia, multiparity, age, smoching, trombophilia, diabetes have a significant role in the case of premature detachment of normally inserted placenta. Cuvinte cheie: dezlipirea prematură de placentă normal inserată, abruptio placentae, trombofilii, preeclampsie Rezumat: Cauzele abruptio placentae nu sunt cunoscute. S-au emis mai multe teorii, dar nici una nu s-a confirmat, astfel s-a pus accent pe eviden ţierea factorilor de risc Identificarea si urm ărirea acestor factori de risc in apariţia dezlipirii premature de placentă normal inserată constituie un deziderat major in cadrul dispensarizării gravidei si a asistenţei medicale prenatale. Semnificaţie deosebită in apariţia dezlipirii premature de placentă normal inserată o are asocierea mai multor factori de risc cum ar fi: HTA cronică, preeclampsia, multiparitatea, virsta, fumatul, trombofiliile, diabetul zaharat
Association of retinal emboli with atheroembolic renal disease and stroke

A 60-year-old male presented to the eye clinic for an eye examination. Best-corrected visual acuity was 6/6 in each eye. Pupil testing, ocular motility and intraocular pressure were unremarkable. The anterior segment was normal for his age. Posterior segment examination of the right eye revealed a dull, white emboli within an arteriole superotemporal to the optic disc. Figure 1 is an image of the fundus of this eye captured using the Optomap (Optos PLC, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK). The posterior segment of the left eye was unremarkable. A perimetry visual field test was negative for a scotoma in the right and left eyes. Clinical and imaging findings confirmed the diagnosis of a platelet-fibrin embolus in the right eye. The patient was referred for a medical evaluation. His known vascular risk factors included hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and prior tobacco use. The cardiology and neurology consultationswere unrevealing. Laboratory testing showed an elevated creatinine level and reduced glomerular filtration rate. The patient was diagnosedwith stage 3a kidney disease. He has remained visually asymptomatic. Discussion
Cancer Susceptibility Mutations in Patients With Urothelial Malignancies.

PURPOSE Urothelial cancers (UCs) have a substantial hereditary component, but, other than their association with Lynch syndrome, the contribution of genetic risk factors to UC pathogenesis has not been systematically defined. We sought to determine the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in patients with UC and identify associated clinical factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 586 patients with UC underwent prospective, matched tumor-normal DNA sequencing. Seventy-seven genes associated with cancer predisposition were analyzed; allele frequencies were compared with publicly available database. RESULTS P/LP germline variants were identified in 80 (14%) of 586 individuals with UC. The most common P/LP variants in high- or moderate-penetrance genes were BRCA2 (n = 9; 1.5%), MSH2 (n = 8; 1.4%), BRCA1 (n = 8; 1.4%), CHEK2 (n = 6; 1.0%), ERCC3 (n = 4; 0.7%), and NBN and RAD50 (n = 3; 0.5% each). Sixty-six patients (83%) had germline P/LP variants in DNA-damage repair (DDR) genes, of which 28 (42%) had biallelic inactivation. Patients with P/LP variants were more commonly diagnosed at an early age (22% v 6% in those without variants; P = .01). BRCA2 and MSH2 were significantly associated with an increased risk for UC (odds ratio, 3.7 [P = .004] and 4.6 [P = .001], respectively). Current clinical guidelines for referral for genetic testing failed to identify 6 (26%) patients with high-penetrance variants. CONCLUSION Clinically significant P/LP germline variants in DDR genes frequently are present in patients with advanced UC. The presence of DDR germline variants could guide cancer screening for patients and their families and serve as predictive biomarkers of response to targeted or immunotherapies. Family history-based criteria to identify patients with hereditary UC susceptibility are insensitive. Broader germline testing in UC, particularly in those of young ages, should be considered.