Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soccer violence and attendance in Italy: Some empirical evidence on the fidelity card strategy

This paper aims at investigating the impact on Italian Serie A attendance of the urgent antiviolence measures adopted by the Italian government in 2007 (decree n.8 of 8 February 2007, successively converted by law 4 April 2007). These urgent measures were forced by the public opinion after the death of the agent Filippo Raciti (2 February 2007) during clashes before the Sicilian derby between Catania and Palermo. The purpose was to force back the overexcited committed fans and attract the uncommitted part previously deterred by soccer violence. Using data on match attendance during the championships 2008/09 and 2009/10, when the fidelity fan card was introduced and admittance restrictions adopted, the paper tests if the expected substitution effect between committed and uncommitted fans was effective. Results show that the different measures adopted by Comitato per la Sicurezza delle Manifestazioni Sportive (CASMS) and by the Osservatorio Nazionale delle Manifestazioni Sportive (ONMS) reduced the stadium attendance from a minimum of 1.600 to a maximum of 1.900 tickets sold. From this perspective the fidelity fan card can not be considered a successful measure (it has not been able to invert the negative trend of stadium attendance in Serie A of the last three decades.  Researcher in Economics, Faculty of Political Sciences University of Teramo; e-mail address mdidomizio@unite.it. I’m grateful to Raul Caruso and Giovanni Piersanti for helpful comments and suggestions.
In situ quantification of bioturbation using time-lapse fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), luminophore tracers and model simulation

In order to link actual biological data on bioturbation to the abstract parameters in bioturbation models, high-resolution data on the frequency and lengths of particle displacements are required. The temporal variation in bioturbation for a subtidal macrofaunal assemblage was studied non-invasively and in situ using an optically modified fluorescence sensitive time-lapse sediment profile imaging camera (f-SPI), fluorescent-dyed sediment particles (luminophores) and mathematical modelling. This combined approach allowed tracer particles to be non-invasively tracked and their displacements monitored at an unprecedented spatial (78 µm) and temporal (every 10 min) resolution for extended periods of time (16 h). The redistribution of luminophores was digitally acquired from sequential images and compared to model predictions, with particle transport modelled as (1) a diffusive process, allowing the biodiffusion coefficient, Db, to be estimated, and (2) a non-local process, allowing a reworking activity constant, a, to be calculated. Model predictions of luminophore particle transport for the final image of the f-SPI sequence gave: Db = 1.26 × 102 cm2 yr-1; a = 5.23 × 10-2 cm-1 yr-1. Discrete values of a fluctuated widely throughout the sequence and allowed discrete bioturbation events to be identified. Time-lapse movie sequences revealed that most of the bioturbation observed during the deployment could be directly attributed to the behaviour of the brachyuran crab Hyas araneus. Our findings demonstrate that f-SPI provides a rapid and non-invasive means to visualise and quantify, in situ, the extent and influence of discrete infaunal bioturbation events on particle mixing. This technique provides detailed information on the spatial and temporal resolution of such bioturbation events, which could significantly improve existing models of bioturbation.
Out of Himalaya: the impact of past Asian environmental changes on the evolutionary and biogeographical history of Dipodoidea (Rodentia)

We assessed the influence of past environmental changes, notably the importance of palaeogeographical and climatic drivers, in shaping the distribution patterns of Dipodoidea (Rodentia), the superfamily most closely related to the large species‐rich superfamily Muroidea (c. 1300–1500 species). Dipodoids are suitable for testing several biogeographical hypotheses because of their disjunct distribution patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and the numerous species distributed in Asian deserts.
Cognitive Engineering meets Requirements Engineering Bridging the Traceability Gap

Support for various stakeholders (customer, project manager, system architect, requirements engineer) involved in the design and management of large software systems is needed since frequently, misinterpretations occur already when specifying customer requirements into system requirements. This problem is mainly caused by the various perspectives and intentions of the involved parties that may lead to diverging interpretations during said process. Therefore, the focus of our work in progress is on the requirements engineers when transforming customer requirements into system requirements. There is still a gap to trace design decisions especially at this early stage of the system development life cycle. We introduce a heuristic-based approach in order to make a contribution to bridge this gap. We propose to consider the requirements engineer’s “cognitive perspective” on traceability links by a heuristic-based weighting procedure that can be performed during the design process. We enhance the established relationship or traceability matrix to make it possible for requirements engineers to annotate their informal knowledge to the linkage (i.e., visualized realizations) in that matrix. Keywords-Requirements management; requirements traceability; cognitive engineering; traceability matrix; design
STAR FORMATION: STATISTICAL MEASURE OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE PRESTELLAR CORE MASS FUNCTION AND THE STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION

We present a simple statistical analysis of recent numerical simulations exploring the correlation between the core mass function (CMF) obtained from the fragmentation of a molecular cloud and the stellar mass function which forms from these collapsing cores. Our analysis shows that the distributions of bound cores and sink particles obtained in the simulations are consistent with the sinks being formed predominantly from their parent core mass reservoir, with a statistical dispersion of the order of one-third of the core mass. Such a characteristic dispersion suggests that the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is relatively tightly correlated to the parent CMF, leading to two similar distributions, as observed. This in turn argues in favor of the IMF being essentially determined at the early stages of core formation and being only weakly affected by the various environmental factors beyond the initial core mass reservoir, at least in the mass range explored in the present study. Accordingly, the final IMF of a star-forming region should be determined reasonably accurately, statistically speaking, from the initial CMF, provided some uniform efficiency factor. The calculations also show that these statistical fluctuations, due to, e.g., variations among the core properties, broaden the low-mass tail of the IMF compared with the parent CMF, providing an explanation for the fact that the latter appears to underestimate the number of “pre brown dwarf” cores compared with the observationally derived brown dwarf IMF.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystals and Their Application for Photodetectors

Room temperature operation is considered one of the essential restrictions in the design of electronic devices. Photodetectors are unable to detect light efficiently at room temperature due to high dark currents. Semiconductor nanocrystals possess unique optical and electrical properties which make them ideal for fabricating uncooled photodetectors. In this project, nanocrystals were synthesized and implemented in devices that detect light at room temperature. Nanocrystalline I-III-VI2 and II-VI semiconductors (CuInS2 and CdSe) were grown by a wet chemical method, and characterized using: optical absorption, photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and x-ray diffraction. The optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the nanocrystals were recorded at different growth reaction times, and showed an increase in the size of the nanocrystals with longer reaction times. The structural properties of CuInS2 nanocrystals were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Photodetectors were fabricated by depositing CdSe nanocrystals on interdigitated electrodes with spacing of 5 and 50 μm. The current-voltage curves of the devices showed a low dark current (< 1 nA), and photocurrent higher than the dark current by several orders of magnitude. The room temperature detectivity for the device with 5 μm spacing was extracted from the current-voltage curve and found to be on the order of 3.5x10 cmHzW at 5 V bias voltage. The onset of the spectral response was positioned at 710 nm, which coincide with the photoluminescence of the nanocrystals. Another type of photodetector was fabricated from semiinsulating GaAs using interdigitated gold electrodes with different spacing (5, 10, 20, and 50 μm). Significant enhancement in the spectral response was observed as the electrode spacing was reduced from 50 to 5 μm. The spectral response of smaller spacing devices (5 and 10 μm) showed dependence on the polarization of incident light. The integration of nanocrystals with interdigital metallization simplified the device structure, and improved on its performance by reducing the dark current. Furthermore, the interaction between incident light and gold electrodes produced a plasmonic effect. This plasmonic effect is responsible for the enhancement seen in the spectral response spectra.
PEPSIN ASSAY ONE OF THE EASIEST APPROACH FOR PRESCREENING OF HIV - PROTEASE INHIBITORS

As HIV is quickly becoming one of the world deadliest viruses, one of the biggest problem in curing AIDS is as HIV can easily develop resistance against the provided drugs. HAART (Highly active antiretroviral therapy) is the only one hope for the AIDS patients till now, which can increase the survival period of the AIDS patient by sustaining the viral load below 50 copies/ml. in blood serum, in which we use combination of three to five drugs targeting different stages of replication cycle of HIV. HIV-protease inhibitors are the indispensable part of this therapy. There is a great need of screening of anti-HIV agents from chemical as well as natural resources. But this process is not so easy because it needs huge amount of money for required chemicals, as well as highly sophisticated labs. Here we have developed a substitute of this problem unto some extent, i.e." Pepsin Assay", it is a substitute of HIVprotease, both of them belongs to same Aspartyl family of enzyme & share same signature sequence at the active site. So we hope that development of this assay will enhance the screening programme of HIV-protease inhibitors.
The Utility of Using Pore-water Toxicity Testing to Develop Sight-specific Marine Sediment Quality Objectivesmfor Metals

Application of pore-water toxicity testing to development of site-specific sediment quality objectives for metals is explored in this study. We used metal-spiked pore-water bioassays to investigate the general utility of pore-water test techniques, and we evaluated variability in pore water toxicity at a reference site in San Francisco Bay. Additionally, we developed a baseline of acid volatile sulfide (A VS) and sequentially extracted metals (SEM) data for San Francisco Bay that are useful in formulating a tiered approach to site-specific objective development. Metals concentrations eliciting toxic responses in pore water versus seawater varied less than a factor of 2.5 for a range of species and metals, with the exception of cadmium-exposed amphipods for which effect-levels in pore water were 5.14 to 4.63 times higher than those observed for seawater. Spiked pore-water bioassays were generally feasible, including an amphipod test conducted in 50 rnl of pore water rather than in solid phase sediments. Nevertheless, operational parameters for conducting the tests must be carefully defined. toxicity little within geographic region. SEM values varied by less than a factor of 3. The lowest measured mean A VS value was 0.73 and the highest was 39.6. SEM/ A VS ratios indicated that metals were not contributing to toxicity at any of the sites we studied in the Bay. In contrast, toxicity possibly attributable to ammonia and sulfides was observable at disparate sites. We conclude that site-specific objectives for metals should be developed using a tiered approach that includes both toxicity assessment and determination of SEM/ A VS. Many aspects of actual implementation of such an approach, including field replicate variation, require further research.
The Importance of Customers’ Character Accentuations

The article is based on the strategy and prospect development concept of marketing relations. It is noted that the role of personal marketing communication, particularly personal sales, is increased in the field of marketing relations. The necessity of searching for the new effective tools of personal sales has been shown, one of which is the competency model of personal agents. It is considered that in order to demonstrate many competencies that make up the contemporary model, a personal agent has to create a psychological profile of the client. The theories are based upon the methods of creating a psychological portrait of the client that have been listed. It is noted that the fourth facet of psychological portrait of the client should be based on the theory of personal character accentuations. The algorithm of work with clients having different character accentuations has been developed. The traits of clients with different character accentuations are detailed. The following traits of the clients are referred to: communication and behavior features, positive character traits, negative character traits, clothing, facial expressions and gestures, speech. Recommendations for work with clients of hyperthermia, anxious, dysthymic, pedantic, excitable, emotive, sticking, demonstrative, cyclothymiacs and ecstatic types have been suggested. It is noted that the consideration of character accentuations of the clients allows increasing the level of subjective well-being of clients and promotes the growth of the main indicators characterizing the effectiveness of personal sales in the context of relationship marketing. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Life cycles and shoot-feeding of the pine shoot beetles

The life cycle and shoot-feeding of Tomicus piniperda (L.) and T. minor (Hart.) (Col., Scolytidae) was studied in Simonstorp in southern Sweden (N. 58o 47', E. 16o 10') during the period 1972- 1976. Special attention was given to the seasonal feeding activity in the shoots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). This shoot-feeding was related to certain events in life cycle: flight period, departure of parent beetles from brood logs, length of oviposition period and emergence of the new generation. The spatial distribution of beetles within the pine crown was also studied. The influence of environmental conditions and some population factors upon the shoot-feeding was discussed.
Enhanced antitumor effect of biodegradable cationic heparin-polyethyleneimine nanogels delivering FILIP1LΔC103 gene combined with low-dose cisplatin on ovarian cancer

FILIP1LΔC103 (COOH terminal truncation mutant 1-790 of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1-Like) has been identified to hold therapeutic potential for suppressing tumor growth. Cisplatin (DDP) is commonly used as a first-line drug in the treatment for ovarian cancer. The usage of polymeric nanoparticles to deliver functional genes intraperitoneally holds much promise as an effective therapy for ovarian cancer. In this study, a recombinant plasmid expressing FILIP1LΔC103 (FILIP1LΔC103-p) was constructed, and HPEI nanogels were prepared to deliver FILIP1LΔC103-p into SKOV3 cells. The expression of FILIP1LΔC103 in vitro and in vivo was determined using RT-PCR and Western Blotting. Moreover, in vivo treatment experiments were conducted on nude mice bearing SKOV3 ovarian cancer. The mice were treated with 5% glucose, HPEI+E-p, HPEI+FILIP1LΔC103-p, DDP or HPEI+FILIP1LΔC103-p plus DDP, respectively. Tumor weights were evaluated throughout the treatment duration. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by Ki-67 immunochemical staining and TUNEL assay respectively, and the anti-angiogenic effect was assessed by CD31 immunochemical staining and alginate-encapsulated tumor cell assay. FILIP1LΔC103-p could be efficiently transfected into SKOV3 cells by HPEI nanogels. The combination of HPEI+FILIP1LΔC103-p with DDP exerted enhanced antitumor activity compared with HPEI+FILIP1LΔC103-p or DDP alone. Significant reduction of tumor cells proliferation, augmentation of tumor cells apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis were observed in the combination group compared with controls. Our results demonstrated synergistic antineoplastic activity of combined FILIP1LΔC103 and low-dose DDP with no apparent toxicity, indicating a potential application of the combined approach in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
The contribution of the Clinica del Lavoro of Milan to the development of industrial hygiene and toxicology in the twentieth century

Abstract In 1910, the founder of the Clinica del Lavoro of Milan, Luigi Devoto established a chemistry laboratory in the new institute, sustaining its importance in the study of occupational diseases. In 1948, the new director of the Clinica, Enrico C. Vigliani established the first laboratory of industrial hygiene in Italy, in the years of the economic boom. In 1960s, this laboratory, directed by Nicola Zurlo, significantly contributed to the research in the field. In 1980s and 1990s, the laboratory of the Clinica started to explore the field of environmental toxicology, studying the effects of benzene and other traffic pollutants on the general population. The analysis of history of the Clinica del Lavoro of Milan may represent a valuable tool for studying the origin and the development of industrial hygiene, occupational and environmental toxicology in the twentieth century.
Anatomy and ultrastructure of the tropical sponge Cladocroce caelum (Haplosclerida, Demospongiae)

The main characteristic of sponges (Porifera) is the presence of the aquiferous system—a system formed by canals and choanocyte chambers, in which the sponges carry out most of their physiological functions. Despite of the importance for the biology of the group, the knowledge about this structure is still incipient, even when morphological investigations are taken in account. Here, we investigated the anatomy and ultrastructure of the tropical demosponge Cladocroce caelum (Haplosclerida, Demospongiae) using light and electron microscopy. In the studied region, specimens of this species were repent or repent‐branched, possessing one to several oscula. A uniform and reduced atrium was found just below each osculum. There was a thin ectosome and the choanosome presented meager mesohyl, but a high number of choanocyte chambers. The choanocyte chambers were rounded, and, as in other haplosclerids, they are found separated from the mesohyl by endopinacocytes, “hanging” in the inhalant canals. Even though the utility of the general organization of the aquiferous system has been advocated as a possible tool to understand the phylogeny of the group, we found that these characters might not be as useful as expected. The size of the particles ingested by the sponge and the amount of bacteria to sustain their bodies are discussed. In addition, we found that the density of choanocyte chambers was reduced when the specimens were carrying out the spermatogenesis, indicating that the reproduction may impair the filtering activity of the sponge. Our findings consist in a first step to better comprehend the physiology, development, and adaptation to the environmental conditions where the species is found.
Biocompatibility and immunohistochemical evaluation of a new calcium silicate‐based cement, Bio‐C Pulpo

AIM To evaluate the inflammatory response and ability to induce mineral deposition through histological and immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) of a new calcium silicate-based cement, Bio-C Pulpo (Angelus), compared to white mineral trioxide aggregate (White MTA-Ang) (Angelus). METHODOLOGY Polyethylene tubes containing Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang as well as empty tubes were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of 30 Wistar rats, which were arranged in five groups according to the period of analysis: 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. After each experimental period, the tubes with surrounding tissue were removed and histologically processed to be analysed using haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry for the detection of OCN, OPN and BSP. The data were statistically analysed (Friedman's test) at a 5% significance level. RESULTS The inflammatory response observed with Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang was greater after 7 and 15 days and decreased from 30 days onwards. No significant difference was found between the control, Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang at the different periods of analysis (P > 0.05). The immunolabelling for OCN, OPN and BSP was more intense for Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang after 60 and 90 days, but there was no difference between Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang at the different periods of analysis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Bio-C Pulpo is biocompatible and induces immunolabelling of osteogenic markers such as OCN, OPN and BSP similar to White MTA-Ang.
Advances in biochar research in Brazil.

To mitigate global warming, major changes in the global carbon balance are expected as the world's larger economics migrate to energy matrices that emit less greenhouse gases (GHG). Alternatives of carbon-neutral technologies have led to significant alterations in the global balance of carbon. One example is biochar, which is any source of biomass previously heated under low or no oxygen supply with the purpose of application on soil. This review aims to give an overview about the research carried out in Brazil on biochar-to-soil technology, from its structural characterization to fiedl trials all over the country.
Variable stars in the open cluster NGC 6791and its surrounding field

Aims. This work presents a high-precision variability survey in the field of the old, super metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791. Methods. The data sample consists of more than 75 000 high-precision CCD time series measurements in the V band obtained mainly at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, with additional data from S. Pedro Martir and Loiano observatories, over a time span of ten nights. The field covers an area of 42 x 28 arcmin 2 . Results. We have discovered 260 new variables and re-determined periods and amplitudes of 70 known variable stars. By means of a photometric evaluation of the membership in NGC 6791, and a preliminary membership based on the proper motions, we give a full description of the variable content of the cluster and surrounding field in the range 16 ≤ V < 23.5. Accurate periods can be given for the variables with P ≤ 4.0 d, while for ones with longer periods the limited time-baseline hampered precise determinations. We categorized the entire sample as follows: 6 pulsating, 3 irregular, 3 cataclysmic, 89 rotational variables and 61 eclipsing systems; moreover, we detected 168 candidate variables for which we cannot give a variability class since their periods are much longer than our time baseline. Conclusions. On the basis of photometric considerations, and of the positions of the stars with respect to the center of the cluster, we inferred that 11 new variable stars are likely members of the cluster, for 22 stars the membership is doubtful and 137 are likely non-members. We also detected an outburst of about 3 mag in the light curve of a very faint blue star belonging to the cluster and we suggest that this star could be a new U Gem (dwarf nova) cataclysmic variable.