Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of pulmonary vascular response to oxygen.

The ability of the pulmonary circulation of the fetal lamb to respond to a rise in oxygen tension was studied from 94 to 146 days of gestation. The unanesthetized ewe breathed room air at normal atmospheric pressure, followed by 100% oxygen at three atmospheres absolute pressure in a hyperbaric chamber. In eleven near-term lambs (132 to 146 days of gestation), fetal arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) increased from 25 +/- 1 to 55 +/- 6 Torr (mean +/- SE), which increased the proportion of right ventricular output distributed to the fetal lungs from 8 +/- 1 to 59 +/- 5%. In five very immature lambs (94 to 101 days of gestation), fetal PaO2 increased from 27 +/- 1 to 174 +/- 70 Torr, but the proportion of right ventricular output distributed to the lung did not change, 8 +/- 1 to 9 +/- 1%. In five of the near-term lambs, pulmonary blood flow was measured. It increased from 34 +/- 3 to 298 +/- 35 ml.kg fetal wt-1.min-1, an 8.8-fold increase. We conclude that the pulmonary circulation of the fetal lamb does not respond to an increase in oxygen tension before 101 days of gestation; however, near term an increase in oxygen tension alone can induce the entire increase in pulmonary blood flow that normally occurs after the onset of breathing at birth.
maging of zinc oxide nanoparticle penetration in uman skin in vitro and in vivo

ashington Sanchez ustin A. Ross ichael S. Roberts he University of Queensland chool of Medicine herapeutics Research Unit rincess Alexandra Hospital ustralia Abstract. Zinc oxide ZnO-nano and titanium dioxide nanoparticles 20 to 30 nm are widely used in several topical skin care products, such as sunscreens. However, relatively few studies have addressed the subdermal absorption of these nanoparticles in vivo. We report on investigation of the distribution of topically applied ZnO in excised and in vivo human skin, using multiphoton microscopy MPM imaging with a combination of scanning electron microscopy SEM and an energy-dispersive x-ray EDX technique to determine the level of penetration of nanoparticles into the sub-dermal layers of the skin. The good visualization of ZnO in skin achieved appeared to result from two factors. First, the ZnO principal photoluminescence at 385 nm is in the “quiet” spectral band of skin autofluorescence dominated by the endogenous skin fluorophores, i.e., NAD P H and FAD. Second, the two-photon action cross section of ZnO-nano ZnO TPEF
Inflammatory aetiology of primary oesophageal achalasia: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of Auerbach's plexus

Achalasia is a disease of the oesophagus characterized by increased lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) tone, absence of LOS relaxation with swallowing and aperistalsis of the body of the oesophagus. The aetiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic achalasia is still controversial.
Highly Saturated Endonuclear Phosphatidylcholine Is Synthesizedin Situ and Colocated with CDP-choline Pathway Enzymes*

Chromatin-associated phospholipids are well recognized. A report that catalytically active endonuclear CTP:choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase α is necessary for cell survival questions whether endonuclear, CDP-choline pathway phosphatidylcholine synthesis may occur in situ. We report that chromatin from human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells possesses such a biosynthetic pathway. First, membrane-free nuclei retain all three CDP-choline pathway enzymes in proportions comparable with the content of chromatin-associated phosphatidylcholine. Second, following supplementation of cells with deuterated choline and using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, both the time course and molecular species labeling pattern of newly synthesized endonuclear and whole cell phosphatidylcholine revealed the operation of spatially separate, compositionally distinct biosynthetic routes. Specifically, endogenous and newly synthesized endonuclear phosphatidylcholine species are both characterized by a high degree of diacyl/alkylacyl chain saturation. This unusual species content and synthetic pattern (evident within 10 min of supplementation) are maintained through cell growth arrest by serum depletion and when proliferation is restored, suggesting that endonuclear disaturated phosphatidylcholine enrichment is essential and closely regulated. We propose that endonuclear phosphatidylcholine synthesis may regulate periodic nuclear accumulations of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid second messengers. Furthermore, our estimates of saturated phosphatidylcholine nuclear volume occupancy of around 10% may imply a significant additional role in regulating chromatin structure.
Survival of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 under simulated farm conditions

RECENT outbreaks ofverocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 (VTEC 0157) infections in human beings have highlighted the need to investigate more fully the epidemiology of the organism, especially its ability to survive in the farm environment. This short communication describes studies carried out to determine the survival of VTEC 0157 in bovine faeces in water and on wood, straw and breeze-block. In the first series ofexperiments, three different VTEC 0157 strains, two of bovine origin and the other a human isolate, were used to contaminate the three materials and the water. The strains were grown overnight at 37°C in buffered peptone water (BPW; Oxoid CMS09), the number oforganisms was adjusted to approximately 106 cfu/ml in phosphate buffered saline, and 150 ml were added to 300 g fresh faeces from adult cattle. Small, 10 mm wooden dowels (Black and Decker) and small pieces of aged concrete breeze blocks were then coated with 1 g portions of the VTEC 0157 contaminated faeces, and 1 g straw was mixed with 5 g of the contaminated faeces. The faeces contaminated materials were then placed in new plastic cups (mono cups),with thirteen individual samples for each material and each E coli strain, and stored in a farm building at ambient temperature. Samples of rainwater, tap water and river water were contaminated by adding 1 g amounts of the faeces to 100 ml of the water. The contaminated water was then placed in the
Human Th2 but Not Th9 Cells Release IL-31 in a STAT6/NF-κB–Dependent Way

IL-31, a member of the IL-6 protein family, is one of the latest additions to the list of T cell–derived cytokines. Th2 cells are regarded as a main source of IL-31, which is produced in response to stimulation by IL-4. Because the development of Th9 cells also requires IL-4 as a polarizing cytokine, the current study investigates IL-31 production in human Th9 cells compared with Th2 cells. We found that, although Th9 cells were able to release IL-31 during the first weeks of in vitro polarization, no IL-31 was detected in Th9 cultures after a final restimulation in the absence of polarizing cytokines. We further show that TGF-β, which is required to obtain Th9 cells in vitro, potently inhibits the release of IL-31 from Th2 cells, whereas IL-33, a cytokine associated with Th2-mediated inflammation, synergizes with IL-4 in inducing IL-31 secretion. To analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of IL-31, EMSAs, reporter gene assays, and small interfering RNA-based silencing experiments were carried out. We show that STAT6 and NF-κB are central players in mediating IL-31 expression induced by IL-4/IL-33. In addition, we identified a novel NF-κB–binding element within the Il31 promoter that mediates the enhancing effects of IL-33 on IL-4/STAT6–induced IL-31 expression in human Th2 cells. Taken together, this study shows that IL-4 is essential for the production of IL-31, whereas TGF-β significantly suppresses IL-31 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. As a consequence, in vitro polarized Th2 cells, but not Th9 cells, are able to release IL-31.
The production and perception of syllable structure.

Much research on speech over the years has focused on uncovering examples of the nonlinear relationship between acoustics and perception (e.g., so-called "categorical perception") and between articulation and acoustics [as described by Stevens's (1972) quantal theory]. In the present experiment we demonstrate that naturally occurring linear changes in articulation may also be perceived discontinuously. Specifically, linear changes in relative phase of glottal and oral movements are perceived as categorical changes in the location of syllable juncture. Thus, phase transitions observed during speech demarcate a change in syllabic organization.
Single and multi-frequency wideband spectrum sensing with side-information

This study addresses the optimal spectrum sensing detection based on the complete or partial side-information on the signal and noise statistics. The use of the generalised-likelihood ratio test (GLRT) involves maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of the nuisances. ML estimation of the unknowns is especially challenging for wideband cognitive radio because closed-form solutions are often not available. Based on the equivalence between the wideband regime and the low-signal-to-noise ratio regime, this study provides a general kernel framework for GLRT spectrum sensing. It is shown that any GLRT detector exclusively depends on the projection of the sample covariance matrix of the data onto a given underlying kernel that reflects the available side-information in the problem. The kernels in several scenarios of interest are derived, including the widespread single and multi-frequency channelisation cases. Theoretical interpretations and numerical results show the trade-off between detection performance and the degree of side-information on the most informative statistics for detection, that is, the modulation format and spectrum distribution of the primary users.
Prognostic significance of preoperative DNA flow cytometry in surgically-treated cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative DNA flow cytometry compared with other clinical and histologic variables in cervical carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Sixty-four patients with FIGO Stage Ib-II cervical cancer treated with radical abdominal hysterectomy and systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy were analyzed. The mean follow-up was 3.4 (range 0.3-9.8) years. DNA flow cytometry was performed with fresh tumor tissue. Four biopsies were recut from the surgical specimen within 30 minutes of the operation. The ectocervix was divided into four quadrants and a specimen obtained from each. DNA-low-grade tumors (diploid, near-diploid, tetraploid and near-tetraploid) were distinguished from DNA-high-grade tumors (aneuploid and hypoploid). Carcinomas with more than one non-diploid stem line were considered heterogeneous. An S phase fraction >7% was classified as low, 7% - < 14% as moderate, and > or = 14 as high. DNA ploidy, DNA heterogeneity, S phase fraction and various clinical and histological variables were related to disease-free survival. RESULTS In the univariate analysis patients with DNA-low-grade carcinomas had significantly better disease-free survival than patients with DNA-high-grade tumors (82% vs 45%, p = 0.021). Carcinomas with an S-phase fraction < 7% were associated with better disease-free survival (0.8) than those with an S-phase fraction 7% - > 14% (0.62) and those with > or = 14% (0.64), but this was not statistically significant. Cox stepwise regression analysis showed DNA-heterogeneity, age, grade, parametrial involvement and extrapelvic metastasis to be independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION DNA ploidy and DNA heterogeneity are of prognostic importance in cervical cancer. DNA flow cytometry may be used preoperatively to identify low-risk and high-risk patients within a given stage.
Resolution of early diffusion-weighted and FLAIR MRI abnormalities in a patient with TIA

Article abstract We report a patient with a clinical history and neurologic examination consistent with acute stroke. Diffusion-weighted and fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI obtained 4 hours after stroke onset detected focal abnormalities suggestive of acute ischemic brain damage. The neurologic deficit and the imaging abnormalities both resolved completely at follow-up. This patient illustrates complete resolution of early changes observed with diffusion-weighted MRI at the hyperacute phase in a TIA.
High serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP3 may increase comorbidity risk for asthmatic patients.

OBJECTIVE Asthma is known as a chronic inflammatory lung disease which has also systemic features. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays a role for asthma pathogenesis. Controversially, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) blocks asthma development. That is why IGF-I and IGFBP3 are targeted for future therapeutic treatments of asthma. We aimed to investigate serum level of IGF-I and IGFBP3 in patients with asthma. This study was performed in 27 asthma and 23 healthy individuals. Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP3 were measured by human ELISA assay kits. Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP3 were significanlty higher in the asthma group than the control group. Significant negative correlation was found between IGF-I and asthma control test (ACT) puan, O2 saturation, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second/ Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC), Forced Expiratory Flow 25 second/75 second (FEF2575) (%). Significant positive correlation was found between IGFBP3 and IGF-I, systolic blood pressure. Significant negative correlation was found between IGF-I and FEV1 (ml). RESULTS Our results indicate that the serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP3 are significanlty elevated in the asthma group. We assume that current treatment strategies are not really good enough for asthma. We suppose further strategies which are seeking to balance IGF-I and IGFBP3 should be developed for more effective and curative treatment of asthma (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 22).
Running head : Potential Maximization Potential Maximization and Coalition Government Formation

A theory of coalition government formation is presented in which non-minimal winning coalitions may form in equilibrium. Theoretical predictions for five games are derived and tested experimentally. The experimental data support potential maximization as a refinement of Nash equilibrium. In particular, they support theoretical predictions that (1) non minimal winning coalitions occur when the distance between policy positions of the parties is large relative to the value of forming the government, and (2) in cases where the distance between policy positions of the parties is small relative to the value of forming the government, a minimal winning coalition forms that includes the two parties that are closest together on the policy line. Potential maximization is competitively tested against other solution concepts including iterated elimination of dominated strategies and strong/coalition proof Nash equilibrium. JEL Classification: C72, C78, D72
Putting information infrastructure on the technology curve

Every day we read about the latest advances in communications technology, from broadband switching to pocket phones. but most of us are still stuck with plain old telephone service. Why has the silicon revolution engendered vibrant growth and rapid change in the computer industry but left the telecommunications infrastructure slower to catch on? This simple question opens a Pandora's box of inter-twined issues. How do we ac­ commodate the need to continually update the engineering of the network in response to the rapid rate of change in its underlying technologies? How do architectural con­ siderations interact with economic issues such as competition, regulation, and cost structure? Finally, what role should standards and specifications play in the infras­ tructure engineering process? This talk will explore these questions from the perspective of computer systems and telecommunications architecture as well as industry economics and structure.
Finite element simulation of LDPE/SiO2 nanocomposite

A three-dimensional three-phase model intended to describe the current behaviors of LDPE/SiO2 nanocomposite under DC voltage is presented. The polarization current and depolarization current are simulated by finite element method based on this model. In order to verify the feasibility of this model, practical currents in LDPE/SiO2 nanocomposites filled with different content of nano silica are measured, respectively. It is shown that the trends of simulated currents and practical currents are the similar, especially under low doping concentration (below 1%wt in this article). However, the current decay rate of simulated results and experimental results has a little difference, especially under high doping concentration (above 2%wt in this article). Thus, this three-phase model is useful in calculating the current behavior of nanocomposite, although it is not perfect and still needs to be improved.
Corpus cavernosum‐like tumor of the vulva

Vulvar tumors are relatively rare. There is no optimal way to classify benign tumors of the vulva, but most commonly they are classified by the tissue of origin; epithelial and mesenchymal. Tumors of mesodermal origin arise infrequently in the vulva, they occur more often in other sites (1, 2). They may originate in fibrous tissue, fat, smooth muscle, blood vessels and nerves. Benign soft tissue tumors of the clitoris are very rare. A cavernous hemangioma of the clitoris which was confused with adrenogenital syndrome (3), an angiokeratoma of the clitoris (4, 5 ) and a pseudolymphoma (6) has been reported in recent literature. Reports of malignant mesenchymal tumors of the clitoris have included sarcoma (7), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (8) and lymphoma (9). This paper reports a case of a young woman with a tumor firmly connected to the clitoris with extension to the minor labium. During three years the tumor had been incompletely extirpated three times but no clear diagnosis was arrived at. Thereafter. a radical extirpation was successfully performed.
Semidefiniteness Without Hermiticity

Let A ∈ Mn(C ). We give a rank characterization of the semidefiniteness of Hermitian A in two ways. We show that A is semidefinite if and only if rank[X∗AX] = rank[AX], for all X ∈ Mn(C ), and we show that A is semidefinite if and only if rank[X∗AX] = rank[AXX∗], for all X ∈ Mn(C ). We show that if A has semidefinite Hermitian part and A has positive semidefinite Hermitian part then A satisfies row and column inclusion. Let B ∈ Mn(C ), and k an integer with k ≥ 2. If B∗BA, BBA, . , BBA each have positive semidefinite Hermitian part, we show that rank[BAX] = rank[X∗B∗BAX] = · · · = rank[XBBAX], for all X ∈ Mn(C ). These results generalize or strengthen facts about real matrices known earlier.
Long‐term Potentiation in the Striatum is Unmasked by Removing the Voltage‐dependent Magnesium Block of NMDA Receptor Channels

We have studied the effects of tetanic stimulation of the corticostriatal pathway on the amplitude of striatal excitatory synaptic potentials. Recordings were obtained from a corticostriatal slice preparation by utilizing both extracellular and intracellular techniques. Under the control condition (1.2 mM external Mg2+), excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by cortical stimulation were reversibly blocked by 10 μM 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX), an antagonist of dl‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) ionotropic glutamate receptors, while they were not affected by 30–50 μM 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate (APV), an antagonist of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. In the presence of 1.2 mM external Mg2+, tetanic activation of cortical inputs produced long‐term depression (LTD) of both extracellularly and intracellularly recorded synaptic potentials. When Mg2+ was removed from the external medium, EPSP amplitude and duration increased. In Mg2+‐free medium, cortically evoked EPSPs revealed an APV‐sensitive component; in this condition tetanic stimulation produced long‐term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission. Incubation of the slices in 30–50 μM APV blocked striatal LTP, while it did not affect LTD. In Mg2+‐free medium, incubation of the slices in 10 μM CNQX did not block the expression of striatal LTP. Intrinsic membrane properties (membrane potential, input resistance and firing pattern) of striatal neurons were altered neither by tetanic stimuli inducing LTD and LTP, nor by removal of Mg2+ from the external medium. These findings show that repetitive activation of cortical inputs can induce long‐term changes of synaptic transmission in the striatum. Under control conditions NMDA receptor channels are inactivated by the voltage‐dependent Mg2+ block and repetitive cortical stimulation induces LTD which does not require activation of NMDA channels. Removal of external Mg2+ deinactivates these channels and reveals a component of the EPSP which is potentiated by repetitive activation. Since the striatum has been involved in memory and in the storage of motor skills, LTD and LTP of synaptic transmission in this structure may provide the cellular substrate for motor learning and underlie the physiopathology of some movement disorders.
Evaluation of Aloe vera and synbiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, gut morphology, immune responses and blood constitutes of broiler chickens.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Aloe vera (AV) powder and synbiotic as growth promoter agents on performance, gut morphology, immune responses, hematology and serum biochemistry in broilers. A total of 240-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replicates. Birds were offered either a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg virginiamycin (VM), 1 g/kg synbiotic (Syn), 2.5 g/kg AV (AV1), 5.0 g/kg AV (AV2) or 7.5 g/kg AV (AV3). Chickens fed any of the diets, except diet AV1, exhibited better feed conversion ratios at the 14-28 day period and higher average daily gain and duodenal villus height/crypt depth ratio at 42 days than those fed the control diet. Synbiotic supplementation caused a marked increase in the serum antibody titer against infectious bursal disease and infectious bronchitis vaccines. Feeding diet AV3 significantly increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration, and decreased serum triglyceride level compared to the control group. The results suggested that dietary inclusion of 5 and 7.5 g/kg AV, similar with synbiotic supplementation, can be applied as effective alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for broiler diets.
Image based resolution modeling for the HRRT OSEM reconstructions software

The implementation and the measurement of an approximate image based model of the ECAT HRRT PET scanner response function, designed for its regular OSEM reconstruction software, are presented. The system matrix used in the iterative reconstruction is factorized into two terms: first a matrix modeling the blurring effects in the image space, followed by the projection matrix. The methodology used to measure the elements of the image based blurring matrix is presented and applied to three HRRT scanners. A spatially invariant resolution model was chosen; the columns of the blurring matrix are then defined as shifted copies of a stationary blurring kernel. This kernel was modeled as the sum of two isotropic 3D Gaussian functions. The results of the resolution measurement varied between the three scanners: at the center of the field-of-view, the standard deviation varied between 0.85 and 1.00 mm for the first Gaussian and between 2.0 and 2.7 mm for the second Gaussian. The ratio between the second and the first Gaussians was 0.07.