Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between the Administration of Selected Medications and Falls in Hospitalized Elderly Patients

Objective: To examine the relationship between administration of selected medications and falls experienced by hospitalized elderly patients. Benzodiazepines and other medications previously associated with falls in elderly patients residing in the community and nursing homes were the primary focus. Design: Retrospective case control. Setting: Private, not-for-profit, 575-bed acute care hospital. Participants: A total of 100 patients who had fallen and 100 control patients, aged at least 70 years, admitted during the same 17-month time period. Main Outcome Measures: We examined the relationship between falls and patient demographics, underlying disease states, number of concurrent disease states, and length of hospitalization. Possible associations between the administration of narcotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, other sedating agents, antihypertensives, diuretics, nitrates, and digoxin 48 hours prior to the fall or reference day were explored. The relationships between benzodiazepine half-life, dosage, administration frequency, cumulative dose, and falls were also examined. Results: Demographically the groups were similar except that patients who had fallen were hospitalized significantly longer (mean 18.8 vs 12.2 d; p < 0.00001) than control patients. Benzodiazepines were received by more (40% vs 20%, odds ratio = 2.67) patients who had fallen than control patients. The use of long (>24 h) half-life benzodiazepines was similar in patients who had fallen (48%) and control patients (45%). Long half-life benzodiazepines were commonly administered (65%) to patients who had fallen in doses greater than that recommended for the elderly. Benzodiazepine use, expressed as milligrams of diazepam equivalents received during the 48-hour study, was higher in patients who had fallen than in control patients (15.00 ± 17.80 vs 9.73 ± 6.58 mg), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.1030). Congestive heart failure (37% vs 24%), digoxin therapy (35% vs 22%), or administration of 3 or more psychoactive agents (17% vs 4%) were all more common in patients who had fallen than in control patients. Conclusions: Falls experienced by the elderly patients in our acute care institution were associated with the presence of congestive heart failure along with digoxin therapy, benzodiazepine use, or the use of at least 3 psychoactive agents.
Experimental Evaluation to Enhance Security for Health Care System Using Cloud Computing and Near Field Communication

Developed countries and increasingly mature society of the need to develop smart call in many health care facilities to deliver best medical facilities. Data sharing structure based systems such as online networks of Healthcare Application System has huge demands for distributed data security and efficiency. Use of NFC (Near Field Communication Technology) and proposed Cipher text policy attribute based encryption (CPABE standard scheme) in HAS (Healthcare Application System) provides these aspects very well and removes drawback of existing key escrow problems. NFC is a wireless technology operates very close distance of each other less than 3.9 inches or less and stores a unique identification number in it. Application of CP-ABE encryption standard cryptographic standard for data storage and retrieve from server . KeywordsNFC, CP-ABE, HAS, Cloud Computing
Impact of dipole-induced dielectric relaxation on high-frequency performance in La-incorporated HfSiON/metal gate nMOSFET

For the first time, the relationship between high frequency and dielectric relaxation of dipoles formed at the high-k/SiO2 interface was systematically investigated in La-doped HfSiON devices. Due to the dipole-induced dielectric relaxation, it was found that high frequency performance, especially voltage gain degrades severely caused by a substantial loss in gate capacitance, transconductance, and output resistance in a frequency range below 1 GHz. Further study should be undertaken to improve the high frequency operation of La-doped high-k devices through fundamental understanding of the dipole-induced dielectric relaxation in the radio frequency (RF) regime.
Social network analysis in the study of nonhuman primates: A historical perspective

Advances over the last 15 years have made social network analysis (SNA) a powerful tool for the study of nonhuman primate social behavior. Although many SNA‐based techniques have been only very recently adopted in primatological research, others have been commonly used by primatologists for decades. The roots of SNA also stem from some of the same conceptual frameworks as the majority of nonhuman primate behavioral research. The rapid development of SNA in recent years has led to questions within the primatological community of where and how SNA fits within this field. We aim to address these questions by providing an overview of the historical relationship between SNA and the study of nonhuman primates. We begin with a brief history of the development of SNA, followed by a detailed description of the network‐based visualization techniques, analytical methods and conceptual frameworks which have been employed by primatologists since as early as the 1960s. We also introduce some of the latest advances to SNA, thereby demonstrating that this approach contains novel tools for the study of nonhuman primate social behavior which may be used to shed light on questions that cannot be addressed fully using more conventional methods. Am. J. Primatol. 73:720–730, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemocompatibility and macrophage response of pristine and functionalized graphene.

Graphene and its derivatives are being proposed for several important biomedical applications including drug delivery, gene delivery, contrast imaging, and anticancer therapy. Most of these applications demand intravenous injection of graphene and hence evaluation of its hemocompatibility is an essential prerequisite. Herein, both pristine and functionalized graphene are extensively characterized for their interactions with murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and human primary blood components. Detailed analyses of the potential uptake by macrophages, effects on its metabolic activity, membrane integrity, induction of reactive oxygen stress, hemolysis, platelet activation, platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade, cytokine induction, immune cell activation, and immune cell suppression are performed using optimized protocols for nanotoxicity evaluation. Electron microscopy, confocal Raman spectral mapping, and confocal fluorescence imaging studies show active interaction of both the graphene systems with macrophage cells, and the reactive oxygen species mediated toxicity effects of hydrophobic pristine samples are significantly reduced by surface functionalization. In the case of hemocompatibility, both types of graphene show excellent compatibility with red blood cells, platelets, and plasma coagulation pathways, and minimal alteration in the cytokine expression by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Further, both samples do not cause any premature immune cell activation or suppression up to a relatively high concentration of 75 μg mL(-1) after 72 h of incubation under in vitro conditions. This study clearly suggests that the observed toxicity effects of pristine graphene towards macrophage cells can be easily averted by surface functionalization and both the systems show excellent hemocompatibility.
River blindness goes beyond the eye: autoimmune antibodies, cross-reactive with Onchocerca volvulus antigen, detected in brain of patients with Nodding syndrome.

Nodding syndrome (NS) is a neurological disorder primarily characterized by paroxysmal head nodding seizures, affecting previously healthy children at the age between 3–18 years (1,2). Growing numbers of patients with NS were documented since the early 2000s in three distinct areas in the southern Sudan (3,4), southern Tanzania (1) and northern Uganda (5,6). In retrospect, NS was also found in western Uganda (7,8) and suspected cases were reported from Liberia (9) and Cameroon (10). In many NS patients, initial head seizure are followed by other seizures types, progressing physical and cognitive deterioration, and death (6,8). To date, the exact causation of NS is not clarified, but epidemiological and case-control studies have shown a consistent correlation between NS and infection with Onchocerca volvulus ( O. volvulus ), a parasite known as the cause of river blindness in large parts of tropical Africa (2,4,11,12). Because imaging studies and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) failed to demonstrate the parasite in the central nervous system (CNS) of NS patients (1,4-6,13) it was suggested that an immunological process related to O. volvulus could play a role in the origination of NS (14,15).
The Factors Affecting the Non-dipper Pattern in Japanese Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is assumed to influence the circadian blood pressure (BP) fluctuation, particularly causing nocturnal hypertension and changing the dipping pattern of nocturnal BP. This study aimed to clarify the triggers of the non-dipper pattern in nocturnal BP in Japanese patients with severe OSA (the apnea-hypopnea index ≥30/h). Methods Of 541 patients with OSA diagnosed using polysomnography (PSG) and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), 163 patients <60 years of age (Younger group) and 101 patients ≥60 years of age (Older group) were stratified into the dipper or non-dipper pattern groups. Results A logistic regression analysis was performed using a non-dipper pattern as a dependent variable. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the cumulative percentage of time at saturation below 90% was the only independent risk factor for the non-dipper and riser patterns in the Younger group (odds ratio, 1.022; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.044; p=0.035), whereas slow-wave sleep (odds ratio, 0.941; 95% confidence interval, 0.891-0.990; p=0.019) and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (odds ratio, 2.589; 95% confidence interval, 1.051-6.848; p=0.039) were risk factors in the Older group. Conclusion These findings suggested that the degree of desaturation in young OSA patients and sleep quality in old OSA patients might influence the dipping patterns in nocturnal BP.
High resolution crystal structure of Clostridium propionicum β‐alanyl‐CoA:ammonia lyase, a new member of the “hot dog fold” protein superfamily

Clostridium propionicum is the only organism known to ferment β‐alanine, a constituent of coenzyme A (CoA) and the phosphopantetheinyl prosthetic group of holo‐acyl carrier protein. The first step in the fermentation is a CoA‐transfer to β‐alanine. Subsequently, the resulting β‐alanyl‐CoA is deaminated by the enzyme β‐alanyl‐CoA:ammonia lyase (Acl) to reversibly form ammonia and acrylyl‐CoA. We have determined the crystal structure of Acl in its apo‐form at a resolution of 0.97 Å as well as in complex with CoA at a resolution of 1.59 Å. The structures reveal that the enyzme belongs to a superfamily of proteins exhibiting a so called “hot dog fold” which is characterized by a five‐stranded antiparallel β‐sheet with a long α‐helix packed against it. The functional unit of all “hot dog fold” proteins is a homodimer containing two equivalent substrate binding sites which are established by the dimer interface. In the case of Acl, three functional dimers combine to a homohexamer strongly resembling the homohexamer formed by YciA‐like acyl‐CoA thioesterases. Here, we propose an enzymatic mechanism based on the crystal structure of the Acl·CoA complex and molecular docking. Proteins 2014; 82:2041–2053. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DISSOCIATION OF ANTITOXIC AND IMMUNOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF ENDOTOXIN BY ACETYLATION

We have previously described the acetylation of bacterial endotoxin and the resultant dissociation of in viuo biological effects. '-3 Acetylation by the method described resulted in loss of original potency in terms of lethality for mice and rabbits, pyrogenicity in rabbits, and in induction of endotoxin tolerance in both species. In contrast, effectiveness in enhancing nonspecific resistance to experimental Gram-negative or Gram-positive infections in mice was retained. The detoxification found after acetylation was completely reversible by mild saponification, indicating introduction of O-acetyl. Several studies have since been published describing various biological properties of acetylated endotoxins so Antitoxic is defined here as the induction of resistance to such primary effects of endotoxin as pyrogenicity or lethality, which may be observed directly following endotoxin administration; that is, endotoxin tolerance. Immunogenic is defined as the induction of resistance to the consequences of a superimposed bacterial infection, immunity to infection however this may come about. I t is recognized that these are purely operational definitions. But in view of the limited understanding of the phenomena dealt with and the consequent lack of unanimity among the investigators involved, it is felt that there is virtue in such definitions since they are independent of one or another interpretation. I t should be emphasized tha t in no sense are these definitions meant to suggest an immunological mechanism for one, but not the other result of endotoxin treatment. From all available evidence it appears entirely likely that both phenomena have immunological bases, neither of which is fully understood. It has been frequently assumed, in the past, that a common mechanism explained the various manifestations of generally increased host resistance induced by endotoxin, so the experimental dissociation of these two aspects, clearly indicating different mechanisms, requires a distinction such as we make.
Optimal Score Aggregation Algorithms

Assume that there is a set of "voters" and a set of "candidates", where each voter assigns a numerical score to each candidate. There is a scoring function (such as the mean or the median), and a consensus ranking is obtained by applying the scoring function to each candidate's scores. The problem is to find the top k candidates, while minimizing the number of database accesses. The speaker will present an algorithm that is optimal in an extremely strong sense: not just in the worst case or the average case, but in every case! Even though the algorithm is only 10 lines long (! ), the paper containing the algorithm won the 2014 Gödel Prize, the top prize for a paper in theoretical computer science.
Managing information flows on discretionary access control models

In 1989, Brewer and Nash (BN) presented a fascinating idea, called Chinese wall security policy model, for commercial security. Their idea was based on the analysis of the notion, conflict of interest binary relation (CIR). Unfortunately, their formalization did not fully catch the appropriate properties of CIR. In this paper, we present a theory based on granulation that has captured the essence of BN's intuitive idea. The results are more than the Chinese wall models: malicious Trojan horses in certain DAC model (discretionary access control) can be controlled or confined.
Murine dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor antigen induce tumor resistance in vivo

The aim of this work is to induce tumor resistance to a B cell lymphoma in BALB/c mice using elements of the immune system. It has indeed been shown by us and by others that antigen‐presenting cells (APC) like dendritic cells can induce efficient immune responses and can even substitute for Freund's adjuvant. Here we show that mice immunized with syngeneic dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor antigen (BCL1 idiotype expressed by lymphoma cells) are protected against a subsequent tumor inoculation. The in vivo resistance can be correlated with the induction of a humoral response specific for the idiotype expressed by the tumor. No such protection can be achieved when B cells are used as APC. These data show that effector cells in tumor‐bearing animals can be recruited and activated using dendritic cells, providing long‐lasting immune surveillance.
Rapid detection and isolation of shiga-like toxin (verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli by direct testing of individual enterohemolytic colonies from washed sheep blood agar plates in the VTEC-RPLA assay

By combining the enterohemolysin test and the VTEC-RPLA test (specific for the detection of Shiga-like toxin I [SLT-I], SLT-II, and SLT-IIc), single colonies of SLT-producing Escherichia coli were found to constitute between 0.03 and 68.1% of the coliform flora in human stool cultures and were isolated and characterized within 72 to 96 h.
Politikpositionen im Reformprozess des öffentlichen Dienstes: Zur Übertragbarkeit der quantitativen Textanalyse

Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Ubertragung eines Verfahrens der Quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse, das fur die Untersuchung ideologischer Texte entwickelt wurde und hier auf die Diskussion seitens der Arbeitgeber- und Arbeitnehmervertretung zum Reformprozess des offentlichen Dienstes in Deutschland angewendet wird. Es werden theoretische Argumente vorgestellt, die fur die Anwendbarkeit des raumlichen Modells der Politik auf die Bestimmung der Positionen der Interessenvertretungen sprechen. Des Weiteren wird eine empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel des Polizeisektors auf Landerebene durchgefuhrt. Die Analyse der aus der Mitgliederzeitschrift der Gewerkschaft der Polizei und der Publikationen des Innenministeriums des Landes Brandenburg entnommenen Kommentare ermoglicht die Bestimmung von Politikpositionen im Zeitverlauf, die mit den Erkenntnissen anderer Studien ubereinstimmen.
Structure and expression of a pyrimidine gene cluster from the extreme thermophile Thermus strain ZO5

On a 4.7-kbp HindIII clone of Thermus strain ZO5 DNA, complementing an aspartate carbamoyltransferase mutation in Escherichia coli, we identified a cluster of four potential open reading frames corresponding to genes pyrR, and pyrB, an unidentified open reading frame named bbc, and gene pyrC. The transcription initiation site was mapped at about 115 nucleotides upstream of the pyrR translation start codon. The cognate Thermus pyr promoter also functions in heterologous expression of Thermus pyr genes in E. coli. In Thermus strain ZO5, pyrB and pyrC gene expression is repressed three- to fourfold by uracil and increased twofold by arginine. Based on the occurrence of several transcription signals in the Thermus pyr promoter region and strong amino acid sequence identities (about 60%) between Thermus PyrR and the PyrR attenuation proteins of two Bacillus sp. , we propose a regulatory mechanism involving transcriptional attenuation to control pyr gene expression in Thermus. In contrast to pyr attenuation in Bacillus spp. , however, control of the Thermus pyr gene cluster would not involve an antiterminator structure but would involve a translating ribosome for preventing formation of the terminator RNA hairpin. The deduced amino acid sequence of Thermus strain ZO5 aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase; encoded by pyrB) exhibits the highest similarities (about 50% identical amino acids) with ATCases from Pseudomonas sp. For Thermus strain ZO5 dihydroorotase (DHOase; encoded by pyrC), the highest similarity scores (about 40% identity) were obtained with DHOases from B. caldolyticus and Bacillus subtilis. The enzyme properties of ATCase expressed from truncated versions of the Thermus pyr gene cluster in E. coli suggest that Thermus ATCase is stabilized by DHOase and that the translation product of bbc plays a role in feedback inhibition of the ATCase-DHOase complex.
Brain MRI: Tumor evaluation

The designation “brain tumors” is commonly applied to a wide variety of intracranial mass lesions that are distinct in their location, biology, treatment, and prognosis. Since many of these lesions do not arise from brain parenchyma, the more appropriate term would be “intracranial tumors. ” The term “tumor” is used to include both neoplastic and non‐neoplastic mass lesions, and should be considered in its broadest sense to simply indicate a space‐occupying mass. This review describes an imaging‐based approach for evaluating intracranial tumors. Conventional MRI is discussed in the setting of a regional classification system. This system provides a framework for analysis, and imaging clues can then be applied to narrow the differential possibilities. Emphasis is placed on advanced MRI techniques and their utility for deciphering common diagnostic problems. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of prognosis for acute respiratory distress syndrome with thin-section CT: validation in 44 cases.

PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate whether the thin-section computed tomographic (CT) appearance has prognostic value for prediction of mortality, number of ventilator-free days (ie, days without mechanical ventilation), and 28-day risk of barotrauma in patients with a clinically early stage of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from diverse causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Two independent observers who were blinded to patient outcomes retrospectively evaluated the thin-section CT scans obtained within 7 days after clinical ARDS onset in 26 survivors and 18 nonsurvivors. Of 44 patients, there were 37 men and seven women (mean age +/- standard deviation, 61.8 years +/- 15.6). CT findings were graded on a scale of 1-6 that corresponded with consecutive pathologic phases: score of 1, normal attenuation; score of 2, ground-glass attenuation; score of 3, consolidation; score of 4, ground-glass attenuation associated with traction bronchiolectasis or bronchiectasis; score of 5, consolidation associated with traction bronchiolectasis or bronchiectasis; and score of 6, honeycombing. An overall CT score was obtained by adding the six averaged scores (three zones in each lung). Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the independent predictive value of the CT score. RESULTS The area of increased attenuation associated with traction bronchiolectasis or bronchiectasis (P = .002), as well as the overall CT score (P = .002), was smaller in survivors than in nonsurvivors. Results of multivariate regression analysis revealed that CT score was independently associated with mortality (P = .006). A CT score of less than 230 enabled prediction of survival with 73% sensitivity and 75% specificity and was associated with both a greater number of ventilator-free days (P = .018) and a lower incidence of barotrauma (P = .013) within 28 days after ARDS onset. CONCLUSION Extensive thin-section CT abnormalities indicative of fibroproliferative changes were independently predictive of poor prognosis in patients with a clinically early stage of ARDS.
Dogs Should Be Included in Surveillance Programs for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Enterococci are commensal bacteria of the intestinal microbiota in humans and animals. Multidrug-resistant enterococci are among the most important pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections in humans ([8][1]). During the last decade vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as a