Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling giant-iceberg drift under the influence of sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

The drift trajectory of giant iceberg C-7 traversing the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, for > 2 years was successfully simulated. Application of the classical driving forces like wind and ocean currents resulted in a significant discrepancy between modeled and observed iceberg velocities in the western Weddell Sea. The most realistic drift pattern in space and time was achieved by adding a sea-ice force which represents the ability of a dense sea-ice cover (≥90%) to lock in icebergs and collect the momentum of the wind over an area much larger than the area of the iceberg proper. This process was parameterized using a sea-ice strength P which depends on sea-ice concentration and thickness, both having highest values in winter and in the western Weddell Sea which is covered with multi-year sea ice. As a consequence of the sensitivity to sea ice, the timing of the iceberg drift becomes important, revealing the region off Brunt Ice Shelf (eastern Weddell Sea) as a location where bergs either continue westward with the coastal current or follow a southern branch onto the shallow continental shelf.
Mining ontologies to extract implicit knowledge

With the exponentially growing of data available on the Web, several projects were created to automatically represent this information as knowledge bases(KBs). Knowledge bases used in most projects are represented in an ontology-based fashion, so the data can be better organized and easily accessible. It is common to map these KBs into a graph to apply graph mining algorithms to extract implicit knowledge from the KB, knowledge that sometimes is easy for human beings to infer but not so trivial to a machine. One common graph-based task is link prediction, which can be used not only to predict edges (new facts for the KB) that will appear in a near future, but also to find misplaced edges (wrong facts present in the KB). In this project, we create algorithms that uses graph-mining (mostly link-prediction based) approaches to find implicit knowledge from ontological knowledge bases. Despite of common graph-mining algorithms, we mine not just the facts on the KB, but also the ontology information (such as categories of instances and relations among them). The implicit knowledge that our algorithms will find, is not just new facts for the KB, but also new relations and categories, extending the ontology as well.
Self-monitoring reading of implicit contents and moral of self

The research concerns self-monitoring psychological processes and aims to verify two hypothesises: that there is difference in the theories on Self in HSM and LSM, and that the HSMs are more able implicit readers than the LSMs. The 18 item SMS was administered to 86 people, who had also undergone the implicit reading test. HSM and LSM were then thoroughly studied with further implicit reading trials and by means of dilemmas intended to explore their implicit theories of self. The HSMs read more implicits, in a livelier way, and with less fatigue. The dilemmas show differences in the structure of the self and above all in the moral conviction of self.
Plasma Concentrations of Tapentadol and Clinical Evaluations of a Combination of Tapentadol Plus Sevoflurane for Surgical Anaesthesia and Analgesia in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Undergoing Orchiectomy

Pain is probably under-treated in animals, particularly in rabbits, due to a lack of familiarity with the species and limited information about analgesic dose, efficacy and safety. Tapentadol (TAP) is a novel opioid drug, with a proven efficacy and safety profile in humans, which could be useful as an analgesic in rabbits. In a clinical study, TAP was administered (5 mg/kg, IV) to seven male New Zealand White rabbits 5 min before anaesthetic induction with sevoflurane to perform orchiectomy. Monitoring of vital signs, including heart rate, electrocardiogram, respiratory rate, invasive blood pressure, oxygen saturation, righting reflex, palpebral reflex, jaw tone and tongue retraction, was performed throughout surgery. Pain was assessed for 8 h following surgery, using previously validated parameters, physiological assessments and behavioural assessments. Blood was also collected at regular intervals to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug. TAP was rapidly distributed and eliminated in rabbits. Apnoea did not occurred in any subject. Following surgery, there were very few observable signs of pain in four rabbits and all resumed normal activities within a few hours. In conclusion, this is the first study about the clinical effects and potential utility of TAP as an adjunct drug for anaesthesia and analgesia in the rabbit. However, further studies are still needed before its use in the veterinary clinical practice.
Synthesis of tribulusterine, a potent toxic alkaloid from Tribulus terrestris

Synthetic approaches to tribulusterine (15), a suspected toxic alkaloid from Tribulus terrestris, have been investigated via nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions, and the Pictet-Spengler cyclisation reaction. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of the 9-(N,A^-dimethylsulfamoyl)-p-carboline-A^-oxide (50) with the furyllithium (46a) yielded the new 1-substituted P-carboline, l-(3- furyl)methoxy-9-(A^,A/'-dimethylsulfamoyl)-(3-carboline (52). Bromination of the Pcarboline derivative (51) afforded 1,3,6,8-tetrabromo-P-carboline and 3,6,8-tribromop- carboline as major products when the lithiated P-carboline (51) was treated with Nbromosuccinimide (NBS) and bromine, respectively. The Pictet-Spengler reaction approach may have yielded the required alkaloid, tribulusterine (15), based on some spectroscopic evidence. The new furan derivative, 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (66), required for the Pictet-Spengler approach, was synthesised via a lithiationmediated procedure. A precursor (33) for a palladium-catalysed Negishi-type crosscoupling approach was also prepared.
Seasonal changes in spawning and distribution of Euphausia pacifica Hansen along the coastal areas off north-eastern Japan

Spawning and distribution of Euphausia pacifica were investigated bimonthly using Norpac and large cylindrical-conical nets along the coastal areas off northeastern Japan [southeastern Hokkaido (41‐43°N), Sanriku (38‐41°N) and Joban (36‐38°N)] from March 1997 to February 1998. Copulated females, eggs and calyptopis stage were abundant off Sanriku in spring and off southeastern Hokkaido in mid fall, but rare throughout the survey areas in late fall. They mainly occurred near the marginal area of the Oyashio Current (T100� 5°C) throughout the year. Furcilia and immature stages tended to expand their distribution into warmer southern areas compared to younger stages (eggs and calyptopis stage) in each season. Copulated females, eggs, calyptopis, furcilia and immature stages were few or absent throughout the year except in mid fall off southeastern Hokkaido, where cold waters of the Oyashio (T100� 2°C) dominated. Small adults (� 15 mm) occurred in all survey areas including the area off southeastern Hokkaido throughout the year. Large adults (� 15 mm), which are considered to be individuals that have overwintered, however, were few from August to De
Preventing corruption by promoting trust: Insights from behavioral science

Governments, companies and organizations across the world have implemented strategies for countering corruption. A growing body of so-called best practice has emerged in the last 20 years. But some approaches have been criticized for being costly, ineffective or even counterproductive. This study illustrates this, using six examples, relating to the four-eyes principle, procurement, development aid, compliance statements, leniency and the tone at the top. Increasingly, behavioral science has provided insights on how to improve policies. These insights, along with experimental evidence, are applied to the six examples to provide direction to behaviorally better informed policies.
Nonstoichiometric BiFe0.9Ti0.05O3 multiferroic ceramics with ultrahigh electrical resistivity

BiFeO3, BiFe0.9Ti0. 1O3, and BiFe0.9Ti0. 05O3 ceramics of relatively high perovskite phase content were prepared for a comparison study. While both BiFe0.9Ti0. 1O3 and BiFe0.9Ti0. 05O3 exhibit similarly improved weak ferromagnetism over BiFeO3, there exists a major difference in the x-ray diffraction patterns of BiFe0.9Ti0. 1O3 and BiFe0.9Ti0. 05O3, and the leakage current of BiFe0.9Ti0. 05O3 is decreased by five orders of magnitude from that of BiFe0.9Ti0. 1O3. With an ultrahigh electrical resistivity, over 1×1014 Ω cm, BiFe0.9Ti0. 05O3 ceramic displays an especially low dielectric loss, 0.015 at 100 Hz, a remanent polarization Pr of 0.23 μC/cm2 and a remanent magnetization Mr of 0.13 emu/g at room temperature. It is proposed that the Fe-deficiency in BiFe0.9Ti0. 05O3 decreases the amount of Fe2+ and leads to the ultrahigh electrical resistivity. Nonstoichiometric compositions should receive more attention for developing high quality BiFeO3 multiferroic materials.
The libRadtran software package

C. Emde, R. Buras-Schnell, A. Kylling, B. Mayer, J. Gasteiger, U. Hamann, J. Kylling, B. Richter, C. Pause, T. Dowling, and L. Bugliaro Meteorological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany Schnell Algorithms, Am Erdäpfelgarten 1, 82205 Gilching, Germany NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway MeteoSwiss, Radar, Satellite and Nowcasting Division, Via ai Monti 146, Locarno, Switzerland Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany
A Critical Review of Mond from the Perspective of the `dark Matter Halo for Every Elementary Particle' Model

In this paper I look at MOND from the perspective of my elementary particle Dark matter halo hypothesis. First I repeat the core elements of my model, in order for the paper to be self contained. Then I show how the energy equation for the rotation curve with an extra constant term can give the natural but deceptive impression that Newton's Laws have to be corrected for the ultra low regime, if this energy perspective is missing. Special attention is given to the virtual aspect of the acceleration, virtual as in not caused by Newton's force of gravity, due to a constant kinetic energy caused by the Dark Matter halo at large distances. The rotation curve equations are discussed and the one from my model is given. Conclusions are drawn from the $\Lambda$CDM core-cusp problem in relation to this new perspective on MOND as hiding a Dark Matter model perspective. My model might well be the bridge between MOND at the galactic scale and $\Lambda$CDM at the cosmic level.
Access management in intermodal freight terminals: The perspective of road haulier operations

Given its possibilities of switching freight from road to more sustainable modes such as rail, inland water ways and seaways, intermodal freight transportation depends on environmental and economic variables. At the same time, intermodal freight transportation is essentially complex due to the variety of modes of transport and their corresponding actors. To reduce the complexity of such transport, the interaction of those actors and the exchange of information are crucial. In short, the more enhanced information exchange among actors, the higher potential of improving their management of access to intermodal terminals (e.g. railroad terminals and seaports). In this work, access management, refers to the management of the process of actors accessing resources for specific activities in transportation systems. Improved access management that relies upon increased information exchange among those actors might increase resource efficiency via the improved management of truck arrivals to terminals and of road haulier operations. The goal of this research is to clarify how access management affects resource efficiency in road haulage in intermodal freight transportation. Accordingly, the purpose of the research is to improve access management at intermodal freight terminals from the perspective of road haulier operators. The thesis is a compilation of three papers that reports studies involving literature reviews, participant observations, interviews, focus group meetings, and time measurements. First, literature regarding access management and information exchange for road hauliers in intermodal freight transportation was studied. Second, a framework was developed in order to sort and analyse the identified information-related attributes required to improve access management for road hauliers. Third, a differentiation and segmentation framework with corresponding strategies are devised afford a better overview for analysing different access management service used by the industry, as well as to segment access depending on whether the terminal is a railroad terminal or a seaport. Fourth, an information exchange framework was developed and implemented in a smartphone app to measure and analyse the potential operational benefits of improved access management. The major contributions of this work, except the definition of access management, are clarifications of how contemporary access is handled, how access management can be improved, and investigations of the potential operational benefits of improved access management.
Unleashing the potential of molecular beam epitaxy grown AlGaN-based ultraviolet-spectrum nanowires devices

Abstract. There have been recent research advances in AlGaN-based self-assembled nanowires (NWs) as building blocks for ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronics grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We review the basic growth kinetics on various foundry-compatible-metal/silicon-based substrates and the epistructure design for UV devices. We highlight the use of diffusion-barrier-metal thin film on silicon substrate as a solution to enhance device performance. NWs offer the opportunity to mitigate the detrimental quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE), which lowers the recombination rate thereby reducing the device efficiency. On the other hand, the polarization-induced doping from the graded composition along NWs can be advantageous for eluding the inefficient doping in AlGaN-based UV devices. Sidewall surface states and the associate passivation treatment, as well as the use of ultrafast electron-microscopy characterization, are crucial investigations in shedding light on device performance under the influence of surface dangling bonds. For investigating the electrical performance of individual NWs and NWs light-emitting diode as a single entity, recent reports based on conductive atomic force microscopy measurements provide fast-prototyping in-process pass-fail evaluation and a means of improving growth for high-performance devices. Stress tests of NWs devices, crucial for reliable operation, are also discussed. Beyond applications in LEDs, an AlGaN-based NWs solar-blind photodetector demonstrated leveraging on the dislocation-free active region, reduced QCSE, enhanced light absorption, and tunable-composition features. The review opens pathways and offers insights for practical realization of AlGaN-based axial NWs devices on scalable and low-cost silicon substrates.
Optimal individual positions within animal groups

Animal groups are highly variable in their spatial structure, and individual fitness is strongly associated with the spatial position of an animal within a group. Predation risk and food gains are often higher at the group peripheries; thus, animals must trade-off predation costs and foraging benefits when choosing a position. Assuming this is the case, we first use simulation models to demonstrate how predation risk and food gains differ for different positions within a group. Second, we use the patterns from the simulation to develop a novel model of the trade-off between the costs and the benefits of occupying different positions and predict the optimal location for an animal in a group. A variety of testable patterns emerge. As expected, increasing levels of satiation and vulnerability to predators and increasing predation risk result in increased preferences for central positions, likely to lead to increased competition or more tightly packed groups. As food availability increases, individuals should first prefer center positions, then edge, and returning to central positions under highest food levels. Increasing group size and/or density lead to more uniform preferences across individuals. Finally, we predict some situations where individuals differing in satiation and vulnerability prefer a range of different locations and other situations where there is an abrupt dichotomy between central and edge positions, dependent on the levels of monopolization of food by peripheral individuals. We discuss the implications of our findings for the structure of groups and the levels of competition within them and make suggestions for empirical tests. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Education and Development of Pakistan: A Study of Current Situation of Education and Literacy in Pakistan

This paper aimed to look at past educational developments in Pakistan through case study and its analysis with the present world. It primarily addressed the causes of illiteracy in Pakistan, and overcame the flaws of earlier works. Pakistani government claims that they have accomplished significantly in the educational development. Pakistani law requests government to provide free basic education system to every citizen of Pakistan. However, the enrollment rate has remained below 60%. Similarly, literacy rate has also remained below 60%. Therefore, the government and other stakeholders in education sector could not perform well enough to provide the impressive results so far.
The Impact of Working While Studying on Educational and Labour Market Outcomes

As a result of the expansion of higher education and changes to student funding in the UK, students are increasingly taking up opportunities to work while studying. Employment during term-time may provide needed funds but takes time away from studying. It may also constitute an investment in ‘informal’ human capital, making graduates more attractive to potential employers. Given the ambiguous effect of working while studying, we investigate whether term-time employment has a detrimental impact on educational attainment and examine whether this is compensated by wage gains arising from transferable skills and work experience. Using survey data from a UK university, we find that students work more for financial than investment reasons and identify a negative effect of term-time employment for students working out of financial necessity or those working with a greater intensity. We find some evidence that individuals who have undertaken term-time employment have higher salaries upon graduation.
TOLERANCE AGAINST HEAVY METAL TOXICITY IN CYANOBACTERIA: ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM

The toxicity of heavy metals is reviewed with reference to Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria also known as blue green algae are primitive photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganism which has high economic importance due to various bioactive compounds. Cyanobacteria are exposed to heavy metal stress since these are widely distributed. Heavy metal enters into the cell through various interactions between metal ions and functional groups present at the cell surface and cause toxicity. Heavy metals also cause oxidative stress by generation of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to nucleic acid, protein, and lipid. Cyanobacteria have evolved strategies to overcome the effect of reactive oxygen species that include antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and Glutathione reductase.
Incognito-authentication for preserving information on cloud with distributed approach control

A new distributed approach control methods which are considered on preserve information repository in clouds in order to back incognito authentication. In the current method, the cloud checks the credibility of the series by not getting the user’s integrity formerly saving the information. In this work we developed a method which include major aspects like approach control for all authentic users who can able to decode the preserved knowledge. This method blocks epitomize barrage along with backing formation, alteration as well as educating information reposted in the cloud. We moreover deal customer repudiation, verification and approach control methods are distributed and vigorous, unlike alternative approach control methods created for clouds which are unify. The conversation, calculation along with repository aloft which is as good as to unify access
The economics of gender equality; a review of the literature in three propositions and two questions

So far, the economic case for gender equality and female empowerment has gained stronger attention in the case of developing countries where women have far less rights and opportunities compared to developed ones. Hence, the grounds supporting gender equality have been much stronger and much more researched in the former. In developed countries, although there are still large differences in labour force participation, income and power, there is at least a growing equality in opportunity, making it less easy to analyse the existing gender inequality in terms of restrictions which need to be lifted in order to reach a fair and efficient division of work. This paper offers a review of the literature on the economics of gender equality by way of organising it along three propositions and two questions. This way it is possible to combine very different strands of literature, ranging from rather formal explorations within theoretical micro-economics, to more empirically oriented macro-economic research on economic growth, and rather heterodox contributions from feminist economics, illustrating the richness of the debate and the different positions that can be taken.
Sampling Jitter and Finite Aperture Time Effects in Wideband Data Acquisition Systems

This paper presents an explicit analysis of the output error power in wideband sampling systems with finite aperture time in the presence of sampling jitter. Sampling jitter and finite aperture time affect the ability of wideband sampling systems to capture high-frequency signals with high precision. Sampling jitter skews data acquisition timing points, which causes large errors in high-frequency (large slew rate) signal acquisition. Finite sampling-window aperture works as a low pass filter, and hence it degrades the high-frequency performance of sampling systems. In this paper, we discuss these effects explicitly not only in the case that either sampling jitter or finite aperture time exists but also the case that they exist together, for any aperture window function (whose Fourier transform exists) and sampling jitter of Gaussian distribution. These would be useful for the designer of wideband sampling data acquisition systems to know how much sampling jitter and aperture time are tolerable for a specified SNR. Some experimental measurement results as well as simulation results are provided as validation of the analytical results. key words: jitter, phase noise, aperture time, aperture window, sampling, equivalent-time sampling, ADC, track/hold circuit, digitizing oscilloscope