Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Post-Newtonian Gravitomagnetic Effect on the Orbital Motion of a Test Particle around Its Primary Induced by the Spin of a Distant Third Body

We study a general relativistic gravitomagnetic 3-body effect induced by the spin angular momentum S X of a rotating mass M X orbited at distance r X by a local gravitationally bound restricted two-body system S of size r ≪ r X consisting of a test particle revolving around a massive body M. At the lowest post-Newtonian order, we analytically work out the doubly averaged rates of change of the Keplerian orbital elements of the test particle by finding non-vanishing long-term effects for the inclination I, the node Ω and the pericenter ω . Such theoretical results are confirmed by a numerical integration of the equations of motion for a fictitious 3-body system. We numerically calculate the magnitudes of the post-Newtonian gravitomagnetic 3-body precessions for some astronomical scenarios in our solar system. For putative man-made orbiters of the natural moons Enceladus and Europa in the external fields of Saturn and Jupiter, the relativistic precessions due to the angular momenta of the gaseous giant planets can be as large as ≃10 − 50 milliarcseconds per year (mas year−1). A preliminary numerical simulation shows that, for certain orbital configurations of a hypothetical Europa orbiter, its range-rate signal Δ ρ ˙ can become larger than the current Doppler accuracy of the existing spacecraft Juno at Jupiter, i.e., σ ρ ˙ = 0.015 mm s−1, after 1 d. The effects induced by the Sun’s angular momentum on artificial probes of Mercury and the Earth are at the level of ≃ 1 − 0.1 microarcseconds per year (μas year −1).
Title Effect of ultraprecision polishing techniques on coherence times of shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

We investigate the correlation between surface roughness and corresponding T2 times of nearsurface nitrogen-vacancy centers (~10 nm/ 5 keV implantation energy) in diamond. For this purpose we compare five different polishing techniques, including both purely mechanical as well as chemical mechanical approaches, two different substrate sources (Diam2tec and Element Six) and two different surface terminations (Oand H-termination) during nitrogen-vacancy forming. All coherence times are measured and compared before and after an oxygen surface treatment at 520 °C. We find that the coherence times of shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers are surprisingly independent of surface roughness.
Pathway-specific light adaptation in human electroretinograms Alódia Brasil

The cellular origins of slow ERG changes during light adaptation following a dark-adapted state are still unclear. To study light adaptation, six healthy, normal trichromats were dark-adapted for 30 min prior to fullfield ERG recordings to sinusoidal stimuli that isolate responses of the Lor M-cones or that stimulate luminance and chromatic mechanisms at 12 or 36 Hz. Recordings were performed for 16 min with 2-min intervals after onset of a constant background. Generally, the responses were sine-wave-like, and the first harmonic (fundamental) component dominated the Fourier spectrum except for the 12-Hz luminance stimulus in which two components, a sine-wave-like component and a transient component, determined the response profiles, leading to large second harmonic components. The amplitude of the first harmonic component (F) increased as a function of the light-adaptation time except for the 12-Hz luminance stimulus at which the F component decreased as a function of the light-adaptation period. The phase of the first harmonic component changed only slightly (less than 308) during the light-adaptation period for all stimuli conditions. The L/M ratio in luminance reflecting ERGs decreased with increasing adaptation time. Our present data suggest that the lightadaptation process mainly reflects changes in the luminance pathway. The responses to 12-Hz luminance stimuli are determined by two different luminance driven pathways with different adaptation characteristics.
Issues in Vision, Semi-autonomous Control, Haptics and Manipulation in Robotics for Nuclear Decommissioning

Traditionally, the nuclear industry has preferred the use of tele-operated control within robotic applications such as decommissioning. This is due to obvious safety reasons, along with other less apparent motivations such as the safeguarding of industry jobs, and a lack of coding expertise in the industry. However, problems with the use of such techniques have been evident within the past few years, mostly associated with operator fatigue leading to errors. A typical modern autonomous robotic system will utilise some sort of stereoscopic 3D vision system (often based on LIDAR) to aid recognition. However, this information can be hard to relay to a human tele-operator not used to such information. Further, tele-operation of a modern robot is a truly complex and specialised skill, and there are a lack of people with in the nuclear industry (and indeed industry as a whole) with these skills. A potential solution to alleviate these problems may be in the use of semi-autonomous control where the robotic artificial intelligence may be used for low-level tasks while the human operator would handle the higher-level decisions. Instead of the operator having to directly control the robot via two joysticks, the operator would be more likely to be confronted with a large touchscreen complete with a list of tasks and highlighted objects on which the robot can perform them upon.
Using Artificial Passageways to Facilitate the Movement of Wildlife on Namibian Farmland

Wildlife-proof fencing is increasing in extent as a result of the growing wildlife industry on private lands in southern Africa. In environments where such fences hinder the movements of free-ranging wildlife, the provision of artificial passageways can restore connectivity for some species. We tested the use of 49 discarded car tyres as wildlife passageways along the border of a Namibian wildlife farm. Tyres were installed into a wildlife-proof fence to reduce regular warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) damage to the fence and to provide connectivity and dispersal opportunities for selected indigenous wildlife species between adjacent farmland properties. The total cost for all 49 tyre installations was USD 252, which is significantly cheaper than daily fence patrols and maintenance. In addition, one tyre was monitored specifically for large carnivore activity with a motion-triggered camera trap (n = 96 trap days between August and December 2010). Eleven mammalian species used the tyre as a passageway and both cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and leopards (Panthera pardus) made regular and repeated use of the tyre. Nine independent recordings of cheetahs, representing seven individuals, were made. One leopard was photographed four times. The suitability of discarded tyres as cost-effective artificial wildlife passageways for a range of mammalian species is stressed.
Large eddy simulation of channel flow with and without periodic constrictions using the explicit algebraic subgrid-scale model

We analyse the performance of the explicit algebraic subgrid-scale (SGS) stress model (EASSM) in large eddy simulation (LES) of plane channel flow and the flow in a channel with streamwise periodic hill-shaped constrictions (periodic hill flow) which induce separation. The LESs are performed with the Code_Saturne which is an unstructured collocated finite volume solver with a second-order spatial discretisation suitable for LES of incompressible flow in complex geometries. At first, performance of the EASSM in LES of plane channel flow at two different resolutions using the Code_Saturne and a pseudo-spectral method is analysed. It is observed that the EASSM predictions of the mean velocity and Reynolds stresses are more accurate than the conventional dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM). The results with the pseudo-spectral method were, in general, more accurate. In the second step, LES with the EASSM of flow separation in the periodic hill flow is compared to LES with the DSM, no SGS model and a highly resolved LES data using the DSM. Results show that the mean velocity profiles, the friction and pressure coefficients, the length and shape of the recirculation bubble, as well as the Reynolds stresses are considerably better predicted by the EASSM than the DSM and the no SGS model simulations. It was also observed that in some parts of the domain, the resolved strain-rate and SGS shear stress have the same sign. The DSM cannot produce a correct SGS stress in this case, in contrast to the EASSM.
Perturbed Point-to-Point Reaching Tasks in a 3D Environment Using a Portable Haptic Device

In this paper, we propose a new protocol, integrating Virtual Reality with the Novint Falcon, to evaluate motion performance during perturbed 3D reaching tasks. The protocol consists of six 3D point-to-point reaching tasks, performed using Falcon with six opposing force fields. Twenty subjects were enrolled in the study. During each task, subjects reached 80 targets and the protocol was repeated over three different days. The trajectories of the end-effector were recorded to calculate: duration of movement, length ratio, lateral deviation, aiming angle, speed metric, and normalized jerk. The coefficient of variation was calculated to study the intra-subject variability and the intra-class correlation coefficient to assess the reliability of the indices. Two-way repeated measurement ANOVA tests were performed for all indices in order to ascertain the effects of force and direction on the trajectories. Duration of movement, length ratio and speed metric have proven to be the most repeatable and reliable indices. Considering the force fields, subjects were able to optimize the trajectory in terms of duration and accuracy but not in terms of smoothness. Considering the directions, the best motor performance occurred when the trajectories were performed in the upper quadrant compared to those performed in the lower quadrant.
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM PINEAPPLE SKINS : THE OPTIMUM OPERATING CONDITION AND COMPARISON WITH SOXHLET EXTRACTION

A new method of extraction by using a microwave has been widely used in the extracting of bioactive compound from plants. In this research, the pineapple (Ananas comosus L., Merr) wastes (namely skin) has been chosen as it contains a very high phenolic compound and provide a good source of antioxidant to human’s health. The three parameters varied were the microwave power, the types of solvent extraction and the extraction temperature. Each of the samples was evaluated for the Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) and Antioxidant Activity (AA). The aims of this study are to obtain the optimum operating condition of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) in the extraction of phenolic compound from pineapple skins and to compare the extraction yield between MAE and Soxhlet Extraction (SE) method. From the results, it was found that the optimum condition was at 750 W microwave power, 60 °C operating temperature and with the solvent ratio of ethanol: water (50-50) by volume. At this optimum condition, the TPC observed was 207.72 mg GAE/g dw, whereas for the EC50, DPPH value obtained was the lowest, 13.2 mg/mL. MAE has proven that this method is comparable to SE, with the TPC obtained was 28.78 mg GAE/g dw and EC50 of 2.78 mg/L, respectively.
Relationship between insulin-like growth factor 2 and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome : A pilot study

Purpose: Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a widely expressed mitogenic peptide that may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this pilot study was to compare serum IGF2 levels and IGF2 gene expression in non-obese PCOS women and those with higher body mass index (BMI) and to assess their relationship with metabolic and hormonal variables. Methods: The study included 64 Caucasian women diagnosed with PCOS (ages 28.9 ± 5 years), 34 with BMI <27 and 30 with BMI >27 kg/m2. Parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, steroid hormones, and serum IGF2 levels were recorded. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess mRNA IGF2 expression in 28 patients. Results: No significant differences in serum IGF2 levels (P = 0.56) and mRNA IGF2 expression (P = 0.675) were found between non-obese PCOS women and those with higher BMI. There was a significant correlation between IGF2 and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (R2 = 0.08, R2 adjusted = 0.07, P = 0.0222). There was no correlation between serum IGF2 and metabolic variables nor between IGF2 and other steroid hormones, but log mRNA IGF2 positively correlated with BMI (R2 = 0.14, R2 adjusted = 0.11, P = 0.0482), serum glucose (R2 = 0.23, R2 adjusted = 0.2, P = 0.0131), cholesterol (R2 = 0.29, R2 adjusted = 0.26, P = 0.0069), insulin (R2 = 0.48, R2 adjusted = 0.45, P = 0.0005), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (R2 = 0.46, R2 adjusted = 0.43, P = 0.0009), and total testosterone (TT) (R2 = 0.18, R2 adjusted = 0.15, P = 0.0257). Conclusions: Serum IGF2 levels and IGF2 gene expression are not increased in obese PCOS women as compared to those with lower BMI. IGF2 positively correlated with DHT and log mRNA IGF2 positively correlated with serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and TT in PCOS women.
A COOL DUST FACTORY IN THE CRAB NEBULA: A HERSCHEL STUDY OF THE FILAMENTS

Whether supernovae are major sources of dust in galaxies is a long-standing debate. We present infrared and submillimeter photometry and spectroscopy from the Herschel Space Observatory of the Crab Nebula between 51 and 670 μm as part of the Mass Loss from Evolved StarS program. We compare the emission detected with Herschel with multiwavelength data including millimeter, radio, mid-infrared, and archive optical images. We carefully remove the synchrotron component using the Herschel and Planck fluxes measured in the same epoch. The contribution from line emission is removed using Herschel spectroscopy combined with Infrared Space Observatory archive data. Several forbidden lines of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are detected where multiple velocity components are resolved, deduced to be from the nitrogen-depleted, carbon-rich ejecta. No spectral lines are detected in the SPIRE wavebands; in the PACS bands, the line contribution is 5% and 10% at 70 and 100 μm and negligible at 160 μm. After subtracting the synchrotron and line emission, the remaining far-infrared continuum can be fit with two dust components. Assuming standard interstellar silicates, the mass of the cooler component is 0.24+0.32− 0.08 M☉ for T = 28.1+5.5− 3.2 K. Amorphous carbon grains require 0.11 ± 0.01 M☉ of dust with T = 33.8+2.3− 1.8 K. A single temperature modified blackbody with 0.14 M☉ and 0.08 M☉ for silicate and carbon dust, respectively, provides an adequate fit to the far-infrared region of the spectral energy distribution but is a poor fit at 24–500 μm. The Crab Nebula has condensed most of the relevant refractory elements into dust, suggesting the formation of dust in core-collapse supernova ejecta is efficient.
The Bell and probability inequalities are not violated when noncommutation is applied according to quantum principles

The Bell inequalities in three and four correlations may be re-derived in a general form showing that the corresponding number of data sets of +- 1's identically satisfies them regardless of whether they are randomly or deterministically generated. When the data sets become infinite in size in the random case, and assuming convergence of the correlation estimates, the inequalities become constraints on the correlation functions of the mutually cross-correlated data sets. Replacing the correlations in the inequalities by the corresponding physical model-based probabilities that produce them results in inequalities in probabilities. Under the special assumption of a wide-sense-stationary (WSS) random process, the Wigner inequality in probabilities results in the three variables case. This inequality is violated by probabilities that produce Bell states, since these states are inconsistent with the assumption of a WSS process. They are also inconsistent with quantum non-commutation as occurs in the case of more than one spin measurement on each of two particles. When all the correlations or probabilities are computed according to quantum principles, however, the corresponding version of the Bell inequality is satisfied.
Online Workers' Intentions toward Building Interactive Communications: Probing Their Partnerships via the Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB).

The main purpose of this qualitative research is to find out online workers’ intentions toward Interactive Communication Networks (ICNs) that they redesign and revolutionize their new roles in these new interactive milieus carefully. In this study, the online workers’ intentions are indications of their readiness and immediate antecedent of behaviors to utilize ICNs in the classrooms. Therefore, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB) is chosen to expose their intentions toward these cutting-edge technologies. Based on the main purpose of the research, there are three main research concerns: 1) the Turkish Behavioral Beliefs of online workers’ toward ICNs; 2) the Turkish Normative Beliefs of online workers’ toward ICNs, and 3) the Control Beliefs of Turkish online workers’ toward ICNs?
An improved quantification tool for breast ElastoScan TM : E-Breast

Elastography has proven to be effective in assessment of lesions and for its many benefits, it has become an integral part of breast imaging, in particular2. According to a study by Wojcinski et al., out of 208 members of the working group for breast ultrasound of the German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM), 21% of the group already is practicing this method. Also, it revealed that the majority of non-users would like to do so in the future9. As a result of its importance being emphasized in various literature, the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) has issued guidelines for elastography1,4. This method was then also included in the newest issue of the BI-RADS® (Breast Imaging – Reporting And Data System) of the American College of Radiology (ACR)5.
Using Mineral Elements to Authenticate the Geographical Origin of Yak Meat

Labeling systems for niche market food products is becoming increasingly important to address consumers’ expectations. Yak meat is ‘green’ product from natural extensive rangeland on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. A trace technique is essential for consumers to know the origin of yak meat. In the current study, mineral fingerprints were investigated for their potential to classify yak meat according to geographical origin. The concentration of more than 50 mineral contents in 24 yak meat samples from three regions on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau were analyzed by ICP-MS. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify the most relevant indicators of origin. Seven elements (Na, As, Ni, Se, Rb, Cd and Ti) were selected for further routine analyses based on the significant origin differences (P<0.05). The three minerals (Se, Rb, Ti) were selected by statistics analysis and established discriminant model for yak meat traceability. Linear discriminate analysis gave an overall correct classification rate of 91.7% and cross-validation rate of 87.5%. These results demonstrate the usefulness of multi-element fingerprints as indicators for authenticating the geographical origin of yak meat.
Energy vulnerable households: observing energetic consumption versus estimating potential energetic demand

Keywords: energetic consumption, natural resources, environment Recentemente il consumo di risorse naturali da parte dell’uomo ha raggiunto livelli inimmaginabili; conseguentemente anche la preoccupazione per il depauperamento accelerato dell’ambiente naturale e aumentata ed e divenuto un argomento di ampio interesse sociale e scientifico. Questo fenomeno viene spesso rappresentato come il conflitto tra la necessita di aumentare la base di risorse disponibili per alimentare lo sviluppo umano da un lato; e dall’altro, il bisogno di ridurre la pressione umana sull’ambiente, in quanto fattore funzionale all’accrescimento della capacita di resilienza del nostro pianeta. Molto spesso la soluzione a tale conflitto e basata sul raggiungimento di obiettivi stabiliti a priori in termini di miglioramento delle prestazioni – questo e particolarmente vero per cio che concerne l’energia. In questo studio, tuttavia, si vuole proporre un quadro operativo differente che si distanzia dall’osservazione del consumo reale di energia, e si concentra piuttosto sulla stima di un quantitativo ipotetico necessario al soddisfacimento di una serie di bisogni specifici. Il modello qui presentato mira a servire principalmente come strumento per lo studio della vulnerabilita energetica e vuole fornire un utile strumento a supporto dell’azione pubblica in tal senso. Il lavoro di modellazione prende come unita di analisi il singolo nucleo abitativo e vuole stimare solo il fabbisogno energetico necessario per il consumo domestico e la mobilita professionale. Le osservazioni qui presentate fanno parte del progetto di ricerca Efficacite Energetique, finanziato dal LABEX Futurs Urbains (Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Universite Paris-Est).
Quasi‐geodesics in Out(Fn) and their shadows in sub‐factors

We study the behaviour of quasi‐geodesics in Out(Fn) . Given an element ϕ in Out(Fn) , there are several natural paths connecting the origin to ϕ in Out(Fn) ; for example, paths given by Stallings' folding algorithm and paths induced by the shadow of greedy folding paths in Outer Space. We show that none of these paths is, in general, a quasi‐geodesic in Out(Fn) . In fact, in contrast with the mapping class group setting, we construct examples where any quasi‐geodesic in Out(Fn) connecting ϕ to the origin will have to backtrack in some free factor of Fn .
The Acceptability and Impact of Sharia Foundation of Islamic Ethics in Accounting Education

The objective of this study is to examine the acceptability of sharia foundation of Islamic ethics in accounting education and it’s significant to generate future ethical accountants. The primary data was collected through a survey questionnaire to determine the level of consensus among accounting educator on Islamic ethics issues and principles. This study successfully collected 195 sets of questionnaires from accounting educator. The finding shows that incorporating Islamic ethics principles (integrity, sincere, righteousness) into accounting education will be a significant contribution towards generating ethical accounting students. Therefore, sharia foundation of Islamic ethics is good principles, valid and reliable to enhanced accounting education quality and provides a guideline for the university administrator to improve accounting curriculum.