Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SURFACE MOUNTABLE COMPACT PRINTED DIPOLE ANTENNA FOR GPS/WIMAX APPLICATIONS

A low-profile, electrically compact, and cost-effective antenna for wireless communication is presented. The antenna comprises self-complementary dipole elements on each side of the resonator surface. The dipole is excited using co-axial feed for an efficient impedance matching. An electrically compact antenna has dimensions of 0. 13λ × 0. 26λ at the lower frequency. The dipole covers 1.57 GHz and 3.65 GHz frequencies offering the measured impedance bandwidth in the order of 1.83% and 2.30%, respectively. The self-complementary structure of the dipole having multiple coupling elements permits adequate tuning of the antenna on target frequencies. The resonant modes of the antenna can be tuned by merely modifying the position of the complementary structure on each side of the dipole. The engineered slots in the dipole permit further fine-tuning. The antenna presents gain in the order of 0.71 dBi and 1.27 dBi and stable radiation patterns for the two frequencies.
LossPass: Absorbing Microbursts by Packet Eviction for Data Center Networks

A bursty traffic pattern, called the microburst, is a key hurdle to achieve low latency for user-facing applications because it causes excessive packet losses in shallow buffered switches. Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) can absorb microbursts by reserving buffer headroom, but the existence of headroom results in a fundamental trade-off between latency and throughput. To this end, we present LossPass, a buffer sharing mechanism that absorbs microbursts as many as possible while maintaining line-rate throughput. Specifically, LossPass evicts buffered large flow packets to make free buffer space on demand for arriving small flow packets. Our solution is inexpensive to implement on hardware. We implement a LossPass prototype and evaluate its performance through extensive testbed experiments and large-scale simulations. Our evaluation results show that LossPass reduces the FCT of small flows while maintaining line-rate throughput. For example, in testbed experiments, LossPass outperforms ECN by up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.20\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>. </mml:mo><mml:mn>20</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="lee-ieq1-3054664.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> in the 99th percentile FCT of small flows.
Predicting the Behaviour of a Vortex Shedding-Based Passive Mechanical Micro Heat Exchanger

In the recent years, microscale applications are gaining increasing importance. Despite their advances, the technology and resources needed to develop new designs may be a drawback for reduced scale engineering testing. To overcome this, computational methods are an efficient tool to predict how a real-life system may behave prior physical construction. The present work aims to investigate numerically effective models to predict the conditions at which a micro heat exchanger (MHE) is able to promote mixing by vortex shedding mechanics. In spite of vortex-shedding is a well-known mechanism in flow physics, it is not possible to know a priori whether a configuration (for a given geometry and flow velocity) may or may not lead to this desired vortex detachment to enhace mixing. Thus, Machine Learning methods are used for prediction, trained with finite-volume numerical simulations of different MHE devices selected based on their performance. A classification model is used to predict which configurations lead to vortex shedding. Also, a correlation regression model is developed to predict the critical Reynolds number. When the critical Reynolds number is surpassed for a given geometry, vortex shedding appears and its intensity controls the thermal mixing efficiency of the microdevice. These predictors could be useful in the search of optimal configurations by optimisation algorithms, since in the sampling process could be used to define constrains.
Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects

Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax collections. There is plenty of available guidance that provides blueprints for benefits calculations for operational improvements in rail transportation. However, resources are quite limited in the analysis of benefits that accrue from the separation of railroad at-grade crossings. Understanding the impact of separation in a neighborhood with high employment or population could generate revenues through increased tax collections. In California, the research need is further amplified by a lack of guidance from the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) on at-grade crossing for separation based on revenue generated. There is a critical need to understand whether grade separation projects could impact neighboring real estate values that could potentially be used to fund such separations. With COVID-19, as current infrastructure spending in California is experiencing a reboot, an approach more oriented to benefits and costs for railroad at-grade separation should be explored. Thus, this research uses a robust benefits-to-cost analysis (BCA) to probe the economic impacts of railroad at-grade separation projects. The investigation is carried out across twelve railroad-highway at-grade crossings in California. These crossings are located at Francisquito Ave., Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, Sassafras St., Palm St., Civic Center Dr., L St., Spring St. (North), J St., E St., H St., Parkmoor West, and Nursery Ave. The authors found that a majority of the selected at-grade crossings analyzed accrue high benefits-to-cost (BC) ratios from travel time savings, safety improvements, emissions reductions, and potential revenue generated if property taxes are collected and used to fund such separation projects. The analysis shows that with the estimated BC ratios, the railroad crossing at Nursery Ave. in Fremont, Palm St. in San Diego, and H St. in Chula Vista could be ideal candidates for separation. The methodology presented in this research could serve as a handy reference for decision-makers selecting one or more at-grade crossings for the separation considering economic outputs and costs.
Negotiating the separatrix with machine learning

: Physics-informed machine learning has recently been shown to eﬃciently learn complex trajectories of nonlinear dynamical systems, even when order and chaos coexist. However, care must be taken when one or more variables are unbounded, such as in rotations. Here we use the framework of Hamiltonian Neural Networks (HNN) to learn the complex dynamics of nonlinear single and double pendulums, which can both librate and rotate, by mapping the unbounded phase space onto a compact cylinder. We clearly demonstrate that our approach can successfully forecast the motion of these challenging systems, capable of both bounded and unbounded motion. It is also evident that HNN can yield an energy surface that closely matches the surface generated by the true Hamiltonian function. Further we observe that the relative energy error for HNN decreases as a power law with number of training pairs, with HNN clearly outperforming conventional neural networks quantitatively.
Solving the Overhead Transmission Conductor Heat Balance Equation Using the Newton Raphson Algorithm

This paper utilizes the Newton Raphson (NR) iterative algorithm to solve a detailed heat balance equation for overhead transmission conductors, for the purpose of calculating a Dynamic Line Rating or temperature-dependent impedance using real-time or forecasted weather data. Provided ambient weather conditions, conductor parameters and electrical current passing through the conductor, a starting guess is formed and the iterative solution method arrives upon a solution within a preset solution tolerance. A simple method to approximate the Rayleigh Number / Nusselt Number and Reynolds Number / Nusselt Number relationships is proposed to ensure successful convergence. The paper performs a thorough, numeric electrothermal conductor simulation to demonstrate proper solution convergence. This exercise identifies a minimum conductor temperature rise necessary for the solution method to converge successfully. Error related to the minimum starting conductor temperature rise, and error introduced by the approximated air property functions is illustrated. The temperature solution method is compared with several well-known thermal models.
Asymptotic validity of bootstrap confidence intervals in nonparametric regression without an additive model

Bootstrap for nonparametric regression has been around for more than 30 years. Nevertheless, most results are based on assuming an additive regression model with respect to independent and identical (i.i.d.) errors. An exception is the Local Bootstrap of Shi [23] for which, however, no bootstrap consistency results are available. We attempt to remedy this here while at the same time showing bootstrap consistency for a more general class of methods that fall under the heading of Model-free Bootstrap of Politis [18].
COMPACT ACTIVE DUPLEXER BASED ON CSRR AND INTERDIGITAL LOADED MICROSTRIP COUPLED LINES FOR LTE APPLICATION

—In this paper, a four-port compact active duplexer based on a complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) and interdigital loaded microstrip coupled lines (CSRR-IL MCL) is presented. Interdigital capacitor is used on the top layer of the proposed structure and CSRR transmission lines are used on the bottom layer of the coupled lines in order to increase the coupling of the proposed circuit and create triple band resonances, respectively. The proposed active duplexer has one input port and three output ports operating in three distinct operation frequencies which are 1.4 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 3.2 GHz. The active duplexer is designed to target LTE applications which are prevalent among the new technologies and devices. The input signal is split in terms of frequency into the three designed frequencies and is ampliﬁed by 13 dB gain of the ampliﬁers placed at the output ports. The fractional bandwidths of the proposed structure at 1.4 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 3.2 GHz are 5.2%, 2.8%, and 9.4%, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the size of the proposed active duplexer is 0 . 29 λ 0 × 0 . 38 λ 0 . The design guide of the proposed structure is presented, and it will be shown that the simulation as well as the measurement results of the proposed active duplexer have an acceptable agreement with each other. It should be noted that the VSWR of the proposed structure is less than 1.5 which means that the active duplexer has low return loss, and it is the plus point of it.
3D-visualization of amyloid-β oligomer interactions with lipid membranes by cryo-electron tomography†

Amyloid-β (Aβ) assemblies have been shown to bind to lipid bilayers. This can disrupt membrane integrity and cause a loss of cellular homeostasis, that triggers a cascade of events leading to Alzheimer's disease. However, molecular mechanisms of Aβ cytotoxicity and how the different assembly forms interact with the membrane remain enigmatic. Here we use cryo-electron tomography (cryoET) to obtain three-dimensional nano-scale images of various Aβ assembly types and their interaction with liposomes. Aβ oligomers and curvilinear protofibrils bind extensively to the lipid vesicles, inserting and carpeting the upper-leaflet of the bilayer. Aβ oligomers concentrate at the interface of vesicles and form a network of Aβ-linked liposomes, while crucially, monomeric and fibrillar Aβ have relatively little impact on the membrane. Changes to lipid membrane composition highlight a significant role for GM1-ganglioside in promoting Aβ-membrane interactions. The different effects of Aβ assembly forms observed align with the highlighted cytotoxicity reported for Aβ oligomers. The wide-scale incorporation of Aβ oligomers and curvilinear protofibrils into the lipid bilayer suggests a mechanism by which membrane integrity is lost.
High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Using Molecularly Engineered, Thiophene‐Rich, Hole‐Transporting Materials: Influence of Alkyl Chain Length on Power Conversion Efficiency

The synthesis and characterization of a series of novel small‐molecule hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) based on an anthra[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′:5,6‐b′′:8,7‐b′′′]tetrathiophene (ATT) core are reported. The new compounds follow an easy synthetic route and have no need of expensive purification steps. The novel HTMs are tested in perovskite solar cells and power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 18.1% under 1 sun irradiation are measured. This value is comparable with the 17.8% efficiency obtained using 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene as a reference compound. Similarly, a significant quenching of the photoluminescence in the first nanosecond is observed, indicative of effective hole transfer. Additionally, the influence of introducing aliphatic alkyl chains acting as solubilizers on the device performance of the ATT molecules is investigated. Replacing the methoxy groups on the triarylamine sites by butoxy‐, hexoxy‐, or decoxy‐substituents greatly improves the solubility of the compounds without changing the energy levels, yet at the same time significantly decreasing the conductivity as well as the PCE, 17.3% for ATT‐OBu, 15.7% for ATT‐OHex, and 9.7% for ATT‐ODec.
Vortex spin-torque oscillator stabilized by phase locked loop using integrated circuits

Spin-torque nano-oscillators (STO) are candidates for the next technological implementation of spintronic devices in commercial electronic systems. For use in microwave applications, improving the noise figures by efficient control of their phase dynamics is a mandatory requirement. In order to achieve this, we developed a compact phase locked loop (PLL) based on custom integrated circuits (ICs) and demonstrate that it represents an efficient way to reduce the phase noise level of a vortex based STO. The advantage of our approach to phase stabilize STOs is that our compact system is highly reconfigurable e.g. in terms of the frequency divider ratio N, RF gain and loop gain. This makes it robust against device to device variations and at the same time compatible with a large range of STOs. Moreover, by taking advantage of the natural highly non-isochronous nature of the STO, the STO frequency can be easily controlled by e.g. changing the divider ratio N.
Current-Bunch Concept for Parasitic-Oriented Extraction and Optimization of Multichip SiC Power Module

Parasitic inductance reduction is increasingly vital for the SiC power module in high-frequency and high-capacity applications. To address the parasitic issue, the automatic layout design offers the potential to pursue the optimal configuration of the power packaging. However, the efficient and accurate parasitic extraction of the packaging is the bottleneck of the automatic design scenario. In this letter, the current-bunch concept is proposed to achieve a tradeoff between the efficiency and accuracy of the parasitic extraction. The mathematical models are created to estimate the parasitics by using the proposed concept. Additionally, the challenge of abundant mutual-inductance caused by the multiplied power chips in the SiC power module is highlighted. Simulation and experimental results further demonstrate the advantages of the current-bunch concept. With the aid of the proposed approach, the packaging layout of a multichip SiC power module is optimized, and the parasitic inductance is reduced by 29.2%.
A Multiagent Competitive Bidding Strategy in a Pool-Based Electricity Market With Price-Maker Participants of WPPs and EV Aggregators

Large-scale renewable energy suppliers and electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to become dominated participants in future electricity market. In this article, a competitive bidding strategy is formulated for wind power plants (WPPs) and EV aggregators in a pool-based day-ahead electricity market. A bilevel multiagent based model is proposed to study their bidding behaviors, with market clearing completion in the lower level and revenue maximization in the upper level. A stochastic framework is developed to incorporate the uncertainties in maximal power production of WPPs and EV aggregators and bid prices of other participants. The process of bidding decision is formulated as a stochastic game with incomplete information, in which electricity suppliers including WPPs and EV aggregators are considered as players of the game, their lack of information in this stochastic market environment is counterbalanced by a multiagent reinforcement learning algorithm named win or learn fast policy hill climbing (WoLF-PHC) with maximizing their own profits by self-game. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and the WoLF-PHC solution approach are successfully illustrated using a modified IEEE 6-bus system and a modified 118-bus system with different numbers of market players.
Electronic structure of boron-doped finite graphene sheets: unrestricted DFT and complete active space calculations

Abstract B3LYP and complete active space methods were applied to study graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) doped with boron atoms. The restricted B3LYP solutions were found to be unstable in all but two cases, and the complete active space calculations prove the multiconfigurational character of the ground state contributing with two most important configurations. The exception is the structure c4 where the system has single reference ground state in spite of the instability of the restricted wavefunction. The distance between dopant atoms, their mutual position and their location within the nanoribbon impact the relative stability of doped nanoribbons. B doping does not modify the ionisation potentials of doped GNRs. However, it notably increases the electron affinity of the core-doped nanoribbons. The doping also has a notable impact on the reorganisation energy of the nanoribbons. The reorganisation energy of B-doped GNRs is higher than the corresponding reorganisation energy of pristine and nitrogen-doped GNRs.
Improved Speaker and Navigator for Vision-and-Language Navigation

Prior works in vision-and-language navigation (VLN) focus on using long short-term memory (LSTM) to carry the flow of information on either the navigation model (navigator) or the instruction generating model (speaker). The outstanding capability of LSTM to process intermodal interactions has been widely verified; however, LSTM neglects the intramodel interactions, leading to negative effect on either navigator or speaker. The performance of attention-based Transformer is satisfactory in sequence-to-sequence translation domains, but Transformer structure implemented directly in VLN has yet been satisfied. In this article, we propose novel Transformer-based multimodal frameworks for the navigator and speaker, respectively. In our frameworks, the multihead self-attention with the residual connection is used to carry the information flow. Specially, we set a switch to prevent them from directly entering the information flow in our navigator framework. In experiments, we verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach, and show significant performance advantages over the baselines.
True self in east and west from Guanxi perspective

: The true self or authenticity refers to the consistency between individual behaviors and internal states (e.g., values, beliefs, and needs), including trait authenticity and state authenticity. Cultural differences in the true self was proposed by comparing with relevant concepts (e.g., self-knowledge, self-concept clarity, self-congruence, integrity, and sincerity) and reviewing existent theories. Specifically, the true self is driven by autonomous motivation in the Western culture, while it is driven by Guanxi requirements in the Eastern culture. Future studies are recommended to further explore the true self from the “guanxilization”, integrating the traditional Confucian thoughts into theoretical construction and understanding toward new social phenomena (e.g., emerging Social Networking Sites, social changes), as well as advancing research methodologies (e.g., cross-cultural comparison, methods highlighting situation variations).
A Generalized Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Formulation With Common-Mode Voltage Reduction Ability for Multilevel Converters

In this article, a generalized selective harmonic elimination pulsewidth modulation (SHE-PWM) formulation with common-mode voltage (CMV) reduction ability for multilevel converters (MLCs) is presented. The CMV is suppressed by regulating the low-order dominant zero-sequence harmonics (ZSHs) of the three-phase SHE-PWM waveforms. Two formulations are included in the proposed model to achieve the full range operation objective, i.e., with zero low-order ZSHs in low and medium modulation index (ma) range and with an optimal third-harmonic injection in high ma range. With the proposed formulation, the amplitude of CMV can be effectively reduced for all types of MLCs over the whole ma range. Besides, two kinds of solving algorithms, i.e., off-line and real-time based, are introduced to provide efficient solution tools targeted at the proposed model. In this article, a case study with three-level neutral-point clamped inverters is discussed in detail to better illustrate the proposed formulation and the coupling effects between the CMV reduction and capacitor voltage balancing objectives of MLCs. Simulation and experimental results based on multiple MLC topologies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of this generalized SHE-PWM formulation with reduced CMV values.
The Effectiveness of “Xuexitong” in College English Teaching

In order to know whether the college English teaching with the application of “Xuexitong” can improve students’ autonomous learning ability, English writing ability and the English comprehensive ability or not, comparative experiment of 8 classes of nursing students of grade 2020 in our college was conducted. The experimental group adopted college English teaching with the application of“Xuexitong” while the control group adopted the traditional college English teaching. The results of the experiment show that reasonable application of “Xuexitong” into college English teaching can effectively improve learners’ autonomous learning ability and learning initiative. The enhancement of autonomous learning ability and learning initiative correspondingly promotes the improvement of learners’ English writing ability and English comprehensive ability to a certain extent, which brings more effectiveness to college English teaching.