Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the (Missing) Gender Training Gap in Germany: The Role of Organizations and Sectors in Continuing Training Participation

Abstract:This article addresses the question how organizational characteristics are related to gender differences in employer-provided continuing training participation. By building on labor market and organizational theory, four mechanisms are tested: (i) formal policies, (ii) relative power, (iii) resources, and (iv) training demand. Multivariate analyses based on the German IAB-Establishment Panel provide evidence that the gender training gap varies considerably between organizations. Organizational policies supporting women's employment over the life course, a higher share of female top managers, and employee organizations help to prevent a gender training gap. Moreover, the gender training gap is related to sectoral differences and company size.
Improving Learning Outcomes and Student Teamwork Through Reciprocal Teaching Lessons in 5th Grade of Primary School

Appropriate learning methods will foster student activeness in cooperation with each other and also will improve student learning outcomes. However, in reality, students tend to be selfish, unable to socialize and have low learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to improve the teamwork and learning outcomes of students through learning reciprocal teaching on the seventh theme and the first subtheme in 5th Grade of Al Farghani Muhammadiyah Sapen Primary School in the academic year of 2016/2017. This research is a classroom action research. The subject of this study is students of 5th Grade of Al Farghani Muhammadiyah Sapen Primary School in Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, written test, and questionnaire. The data collection instruments used in this study is observation guidance, written test grid and questionnaire. The result of study shows that student's cooperation increased from 91,5% in cycle 1 to 100% in cycle 2. The result of student learning that got value above KKM increased to 88,2% for Indonesian language and 85,3% for Social. Keywords—learning outcomes; teamwork; reciprocal
Less Remineralized Carbon in the Intermediate‐Depth South Atlantic During Heinrich Stadial 1

The last deglaciation (~20–10 kyr BP) was characterized by a major shift in Earth's climate state, when the global mean surface temperature rose ~4 °C and the concentration of atmospheric CO2 increased ~80 ppmv. Model simulations suggest that the initial 30 ppmv rise in atmospheric CO2 may have been driven by reduced efficiency of the biological pump or enhanced upwelling of carbon‐rich waters from the abyssal ocean. Here we evaluate these hypotheses using benthic foraminiferal B/Ca (a proxy for deep water [CO32−]) from a core collected at 1,100‐m water depth in the Southwest Atlantic. Our results imply that [CO32−] increased by 22 ± 2 μmol/kg early in Heinrich Stadial 1, or a decrease in ΣCO2 of approximately 40 μmol/kg, assuming there were no significant changes in alkalinity. Our data imply that remineralized phosphate declined by approximately 0.3 μmol/kg during Heinrich Stadial 1, equivalent to 40% of the modern remineralized signal at this location. Because tracer inversion results indicate remineralized phosphate at the core site reflects the integrated effect of export production in the sub‐Antarctic, our results imply that biological productivity in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean was reduced early in the deglaciation, contributing to the initial rise in atmospheric CO2.
BULGARIAN PARENTS’ VIEWPOINTS ON DIGITAL DEVICES IN CHILD OF TODAY LIFE. RESEARCH OF CHILDREN’S HABITS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY USAGE

The theme of digital literacy of today’s children is not only actual and important but its conceptualization and reconceptualization is necessary to happen suddenly. If the researchers and pedagogues (and parents, of course) want to understand the child of today they should investigate his/her common ‘digital’ life. This article presents the results of a survey among parents of primary school age children. The survey is a part of fundamental research, funded by the Bulgarian Science Fund – Digital Competencies and Media Education at Pre-school and Primary School Age (DN 05/8 14.12.2016) with coordinator Prof. Dr Rumyana Papancheva from the University „Prof. Dr Asen Zlatarov”, Bourgas. The author is the leader of the Working Group „Research of the connection between Reading and Digital literacy” as part of the project. Based on preliminary done investigations and on an acquainting with literature about this problem in Bulgarian and English languages it has been developed a toolkit that is integrated in the questionnaires. In the first stage of the project there are made three types of surveys – for students (priority from fourth grade), for parents and for teachers. The survey of parents’ toolbox contains a questionnaire with 41 questions. The design of the study was divided in three parts – section „Reading” (18 questions), section „Digital literacy” (13 questions – 5 of them open questions) and section that tried to analyze the parents’ opinion about a connection between reading literacy and reading habits and the formation of digital literacies of children up to 11 years old. There was also a demographic part. The accent in this article is on the results of parents’ survey – there are analyzed parents’ attitudes towards a formation of digital literacy of their children.
Learning from the Climate Change Debate to Avoid Polarisation on Negative Emissions

ABSTRACT This paper identifies critical lessons from the climate change experience to guide how communications and engagement on negative emissions can be conducted to encourage functional public and policy discourse. Negative emissions technologies present a significant opportunity for limiting climate change, and are likely to be necessary to keep warming below 2°C. While the concept of negative emissions is still in its infancy, there is evidence of nascent polarization, and a lack of nuance in discussion of individual technologies. We argue that if negative emissions technologies are to be implemented effectively and sustainably, an effective governance regime is needed; built on functional societal discourse and avoiding the ideological baggage of the broader climate change debate or the controversies concerning geoengineering. At its core, our argument is to avoid the ideological bundling of negative emissions; this can be pursued directly and via careful selection of communication frames and the use of non-partisan, trusted messengers. Whether these lessons are heeded may determine if negative emissions are governed proactively, or are distorted politically, misused and delayed.
Lower Ionospheric Conductivity Modification Above a Thunderstorm Updraught

Lightning has previously been observed to disturb the lower ionosphere. These lightning‐induced ionospheric perturbations were observed as disturbances on subionospheric low‐frequency radio wave propagation with fast rise times <3 s and gradual recoveries of duration >10 s. Most of these disturbances were observed during night time when ionospheric conditions are most favorable. Here, a daytime perturbation in the lower ionosphere was observed using subionospheric radio remote sensing. The disturbance exhibits a ∼60 s rise time with a gradual recovery of >200 s. No cloud to ground lightning was coincident with the disturbance onset, however, the intracloud lightning activity of a thunderstorm over the radio receiver was seen to increase at the time of the disturbance. Therefore, the observed disturbance is unlikely to be caused by lightning, yet appears to be associated with the thunderstorm. It is proposed that this disturbance is produced by a pronounced increase in updraught strength that produced a significant change in the quasi‐static electrification of the thunderstorm. This change in electrification is evident in the increase in the intracloud lightning activity of the thunderstorm. The observation provides further evidence of the ionospheric heating effect of thundercloud charge which has implications for lower atmosphere‐ionosphere energy coupling and possibly sprite initiation.
Modeling DEM Errors in Coastal Flood Inundation and Damages: A Spatial Nonstationary Approach

Digital elevation model (DEM) as an essential input to flood risk analyzers is subject to a certain level of uncertainty, which increases as the resolution becomes coarser. To quantify this uncertainty, a probabilistic framework incorporating 2‐D hydrodynamic flood mapping by LISFLOOD‐FP along with a sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) model is presented in this paper. Based on ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation techniques, spatial uncertainty is modeled through SGS by generating several equiprobable realizations. Furthermore, regression kriging (RK) is used in the SGS algorithm utilizing its ability to explore additional information such as terrain characteristics to estimate the elevation error. A new technique called nonstationary sequential Gaussian simulation is also proposed by introducing the spatial nonstationarity of DEM error into SGS framework based on two approaches of uniform and nonuniform moving window. Different DEM resolutions resampled from a 1‐m light detection and ranging‐derived DEM are used in the hydrodynamic model to derive the accuracy‐efficiency trade‐offs and select the most suitable spatial resolution for probabilistic analysis. A detailed comparison among OK, RK, nonstationary OK, and nonstationary RK models is made considering probabilistic floodplain characteristics. The subsequent risk curves are then derived under floods of different return periods. The methodology is implemented in the coastal areas of Lower Manhattan and Brooklyn in New York City. Results show that the proposed methodology could reduce the uncertainty in risk estimation imposed by the stationarity assumption. The methodology could help decision‐makers to more accurately utilize the existing tools and data for flood risk analysis and preparedness.
The Value of Intelligent Vehicles for Marketers and Consumers

To reduce the discrepancy between average consumer and industry (relating vehicle development), experts from the automotive industry and non-experts as average consumers have been interviewed. The data collection aim is to collect specifications, desires and concerns from both groups to draw implications for Intelligent Vehicle design. A literature review was used for value analysis pointing out, that managers can combine big datasets for valuable targeting information and hence profit increase. Augmented Analytics should be involved to safe profits from analysis overhead costs. The results were applied to the 'Drivability' model and point out, that manufacturers need to increase trust in AI and must be transparent in their operations. Consumers profit from Intelligent Vehicles through constant internet connection, better drivability, improved entertainment and a simpler driving task. Still, they are concerned about ethical issues and data security.
Individual information systems : an empirical investigation of emerging concepts and new methodological approaches

Mobile technologies such as smartphones and tablets have a significant impact on modern workplaces. Among other things, they allow employees to use private devices for work-related tasks and organizational devices for private purposes. This development has been described as the consumerization of IT and the individualization of IS and has far-reaching consequences. Despite the importance of individual IS, there is a significant gap in current research in terms of how it affects the individual and his or her leisure and working life. Against this background, this thesis seeks to investigate phenomena that are related to individual IS. Both qualitative and quantitative studies seek to shed further light on how technology use can be conceptualized in order to better understand contemporary issues. This thesis conceptualizes several important concepts including psychological ownership of IT, IT resilience, choice self-efficacy, and IT mind wandering. The results emphasize the importance of acknowledging individual or group-wise differences. Consequently, a new test is proposed that allows researchers to test for heterogeneity using Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling. Die zunehmende Verbreitung mobiler Endgerate wie Smartphones und Tablets verandert die moderne Arbeitswelt. Unter anderem konnen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter private Technologien fur betriebliche Aufgaben und betriebliche Technologien fur private Zwecke verwenden. Diese Entwicklung, die unter den Begriffen IT Consumerization und individuelle IT-Nutzung (individual IS) diskutiert wird, hat weitreichende Konsequenzen fur die Akzeptanz von und den Umgang mit Technologie. Bisherige Forschung hat dies nur unzureichend untersucht. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die ubergeordnete Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Dissertation, Phanomene in Verbindung mit individueller IT-Nutzung empirisch zu untersuchen. Umfassende qualitative und quantitative empirische Forschungsarbeiten geben Auskunft daruber wie Technologienutzung konzeptualisiert und beschrieben werden kann, um neue Aspekte mobiler Techniknutzung (z. B. unter Berucksichtigung standiger Erreichbarkeit) besser beschreiben und erklaren zu konnen. Eine Reihe an zentralen, innovativen und zukunftsweisenden Konzepten, wie psychological ownership of IT, IT resilience, choice self-efficacy und IT mind wandering, werden hierfur konzeptualisiert und empirisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse bekraftigen, dass die Berucksichtigung individueller Unterschiede an Bedeutung gewinnt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird abschliesend ein neuer Test fur Partial Least Squares (PLS) - Pfadmodellierung vorgeschlagen, der es Forscherinnen und Forschern ermoglicht, signifikante Gruppenunterschiede aufzuzeigen.
Research and theory of Corporate Political Activity (CPA): a bibliometric analysis

Corporate Political Activity (CPA) are ways in which companies use themselves to try to influence regulatory policies and environments in their interests. This article aims to highlight the importance of the CPA in the context of companies seeking political alignment to develop their strategies. Through a bibliometric analysis, based on 180 articles, it was possible to verify that the United States, Canada, and China have effectively advanced research on the subject. Due to the need to develop further studies on the subject in Brazil, suggestions for future research are presented, because it is understood that, through a greater number of studies related to CPAs, we will understand the reasons and forms by which companies are involved with the regulatory environment. The article contributes to clarify the field of corporate political activities, their classification, and implications, advancing with future needs for the researchers of this community.
Cenozoic tectonics of the Tuz Gölü Basin (Central Anatolian Plateau, Turkey)

We present a new 3D geologic model for the architecture and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tuz Golu Basin, a major sedimentary basin in the Central Anatolian orogenic plateau. This model is grounded on 7 depth-converted seismic reflection profiles in combination with the analysis of backstripped subsidence curves, isochore maps, and a palinspastically restored cross-section. Two stages of basin formation are detected during Cenozoic times. During the Palaeogene, around 2 km of basement subsidence led to the development of a sag basin broader than the present basin in the absence of bounding faults. After a period of uplift and erosion, sedimentation restarted by Tortonian times. Up to 3.5 km of post-Palaeogene sediments were deposited in relation to this second regional subsidence phase, which continued possibly well into the Pliocene. During this time, the 2 main fault systems found in the area, the Tuz Golu and the Sultanhani faults, developed as south-west dipping, NW-SE striking, normal faults. At some time in the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene, during regional subsidence, a previously unreported phase of contraction occurred, which led to the development of a north-east-vergent thrust sheet, the culmination of which forms the morphologic ridge to the east of the Tuz Golu Lake. This structure presently divides the previously continuous Tuz Golu Basin. Finally, minor extensional reactivation occurred. At the regional scale, the pre-Late Miocene subsidence is coeval with the initiation of volcanism in the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province and marine carbonate deposition in southern Turkey, and the latest Miocene shortening is (partly) contemporaneous with the onset of uplift in the same region.
Apparatus for generating vibration and mobile device employing the same

PURPOSE: An apparatus for generating vibration and a mobile terminal using the same are provided to generate various vibration by symmetrically arranging a plurality of vibration generating parts around a magnetic flux generating part. CONSTITUTION: A magnetic flux generating part(11) includes a coil(111) and a core(112). The coil generates a magnetic flux by a driving power. The core increases density of the magnetic flux. A plurality of vibration generating parts(12,13) generates an electromagnetic force by interaction with the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux generating part, generates vibration by an operation of the electromagnetic force, shares the magnetic flux generating part, and is symmetrically arranged around the magnetic flux generating part. A case(14) delivers the vibration to outside.
An Analytics on Consumers’ Behavior of Buying Olive Oil and Its Application to Local Physical Shop

∗1 Kwansei Gakuin University ∗2 University of Hyogo ∗3 National Institute of Informatics The goal of this research is to develop a general method to transfer sales promotion strategy, derived from analysis on wide area, to local real shop. The authors analyzed such consumers’ characteristics who buy olive oils in Kansai region, and derived some hypothesis about their behavior. Based on the hypothesis, we designed a sales promotion strategy and applied it to a real shop in Hyogo prefecture. The evaluation of the strategy itself is on going. 1.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SCHOOL LEADERS: A FOCUS ON SOFT AND DIGITAL SKILLS

In modern times as society becomes more and more digitized, the demand for digitally experienced school leaders emerges, imposing new approaches to the integration of digital technologies into education. Moreover, in the twinkling of the 21st century, the working conditions in the environment of schools constantly transform and consequently, the requirements of school managers are still increasing. A clear need for school leaders to develop not only digital but soft skills as well has emerged since they are seen as competent to successfully manage human resources in school environments. Also, school administrators are seen to meet the demands of globalization, accountability, and competitiveness in educational settings. School leaders if equipped with such skills they are required to create a framework for the development of innovation, communication, and efficiency so that “new” schools can be brought into line with global education standards. The question arises is how well school leaders are equipped with such skills in order to drive their educational organizations to their full potentials. This paper presents an overview of recent literature resources concerning the scientific field of soft and digital skills. The various dimensions of those skills, as “core skills” of the 21st century in educational settings, are explored so that school managers can respond to the challenges of modern educational reality. The aim of the present literature review is to develop a conceptual framework that reflects the key aspects of soft and digital skills. Then, the most significant dimensions of soft skills for school leaders are discussed, with reference to complementary digital skills as they are extensively referenced in international studies. The review of the literature leads the co-authors to end up in the categorization of the most important skills of the 21st century that are nowadays considered necessary for school managers; interpersonal/social skills, personal skills, organizational skills, psycho-emotional skills, and digital skills. The findings of this study may have certain implications for those who decide to design and develop collaborative professional development courses or online training programs for school leadership. Additionally, this paper could be useful for educational administrators who may reflect and decide to concentrate on developing such skills not only for themselves but for the human resources in their school.
Formal professional development as perceived by teachers in different professional life periods

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to examine the perceptions of primary school teachers in different periods of their professional life regarding what constitutes professional development and their experiences with reformed professional development courses. Teachers (N = 45) were enrolled in the study from three professional life periods (entry-level, advanced, and expert) as defined by the Israeli Ministry of Education, largely on the basis of years of teaching experience. Their perceptions were examined in semi-structured interviews. Teachers in all periods of their professional life seek to learn material that they can apply in teaching, student learning, or assessment contexts in their schools and classroom. Entry-level teachers overwhelmingly desire to pursue professional learning goals that extend beyond the current focus on classroom competence. Entry-level and advanced teachers express a preference to learn in workshops, which offer participatory learning experiences. For expert teachers in Israel, consideration should be given to removing the compulsory nature of formal professional development, while enabling them to pursue courses beyond their discipline and according to their interests. All three groups suggest that course content should be better mapped to teachers’ needs. These findings are consistent with the life phase model of teachers’ professional development.
The Rhetorical Structure of Attribution

The relational status of Attribution in Rhetorical Structure Theory has been a matter of ongoing debate. Although several researchers have weighed in on the topic, and although numerous studies have relied upon attributional structures for their analyses, nothing approaching consensus has emerged. This paper identifies three basic issues that must be resolved to determine the relational status of attributions. These are identified as the Discourse Units Issue, the Nuclearity Issue, and the Relation Identification Issue. These three issues are analyzed from the perspective of classical RST. A finding of this analysis is that the nuclearity and the relational identification of attribution structures are shown to depend on the writer’s intended effect, such that attributional relations cannot be considered as a single relation, but rather as attributional instances of other RST relations.
National culture diversity in new venture boards: The role of founders' relational demography

This study explains the conditions under which new venture boards are less or more culturally diverse in terms of their directors' country of birth. Longitudinal data on 5,515 Swedish ventures suggest that most directors are recruited from founders' proximate social settings—neighborhoods in which they reside and past workplaces—and that diversity levels in these social settings strongly predict the national culture diversity in venture boards. Given the rapid internationalization of workplaces and regions around the world, this paper provides important clues regarding how culturally diverse upper echelons are being incorporated into the organizational design of new ventures.