Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional NHE1 expression is critical to blood brain barrier integrity and sumatriptan blood to brain uptake

Disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity and dramatic failure of brain ion homeostasis including fluctuations of pH occurs during cortical spreading depression (CSD) events associated with several neurological disorders, including migraine with aura, traumatic brain injury and stroke. NHE1 is the primary regulator of pH in the central nervous system. The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 1 (NHE1) in blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity during CSD events and the contributions of this antiporter on xenobiotic uptake. Using immortalized cell lines, pharmacologic inhibition and genetic knockdown of NHE1 mitigated the paracellular uptake of radiolabeled sucrose implicating functional NHE1 in BBB maintenance. In contrast, loss of functional NHE1 in endothelial cells facilitated uptake of the anti-migraine therapeutic, sumatriptan. In female rats, cortical KCl but not aCSF selectively reduced total expression of NHE1 in cortex and PAG with limited impact on trigeminal ganglia or trigeminal nucleus caudalis suggesting in vitro observations may have a significance in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 prior to cortical manipulations enhanced the efficacy of sumatriptan at early time-points but induced facial sensitivity alone. Overall, our results suggest that dysregulation of NHE1 contributes to breaches in BBB integrity, drug penetrance, and the behavioral sensitivity to the antimigraine agent, sumatriptan.
New problems of food security in Northwest China: A sustainability perspective

China's food security has met standards set by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. However, this development is based on excessive resource input and sacrificing the environment. There are few studies on how to evaluate food production systems with a sustainability framework. In order to guarantee the food security in Northwest China, and realize the sustainable development of agricultural production, this study was carried out. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of new problems faced, including water resources, cultivated land resources and ecological security, several indicators such as water resources development and utilization rate, cultivated land pressure index, cultivated land quality index, N and P emissions and emission intensity are proposed to comprehensively evaluate the sustainability of grain production in Northwest China and put forward countermeasures to realize regional sustainable development. The results show that the water resources are already at a high‐stress level as the development and utilization rate of water resources is 42.7% in 2015. Industrial and domestic water continues to squeeze agricultural water use (annual average reduction of 0.1%). The amount of per capita cultivated land in 2015 has decreased by 9.7% compared to 2000. The quality index of cultivated land is as low as 0.22. A series of ecological problems caused by agricultural production have intensified the ecological crisis in the Northwest, which in turn will further affect food security. Suggestions to address these issues include improving agricultural water use efficiency, strengthening the measures of arable land conservation, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing plastic‐film mulch residues.
Socioeconomic status, overweight and waist circumference in 3-6 year old Finnish preschool children

Background: A predominantly inverse association between socioeconomic status (SES) and child overweight exists in Europe. In Finland, little is known regarding the socioeconomic gradient of overweight in young children, or the role of gender in this association as overweight prevalence has not been nationally monitored. Aim: To examine the association between SES, overweight and waist circumference in Finnish preschool children (3-6 years) and explore the role of gender. Methods: This study is conducted under the Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschool (DAGIS) project. As part of a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015/2016, anthropometric measurements were taken from 811 preschool children and the SES of these children measured through parent questionnaires. Overweight was calculated according to Cole and Lobstein’s BMI child cut-offs and waist circumference measured. SES was measured through a variety of educational and income variables, including combined SES which comprises of education and income measures. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance were used in the analyses to study differences in overweight (including obesity) and waist circumference between SES groups. Results: The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 12%, 12.9% for girls and 11.1% for boys. Middle highest education was associated with decreased odds of overweight for children when parent BMI was adjusted for (OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.3-0.9). Furthermore, differences were found between girls and boys: for girls and overweight, low household relative net income was associated with lower odds of overweight when parent BMI was adjusted for (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.1-0.8); and for boys and overweight, middle household relative net income was associated with higher odds of overweight, however, this association was only significant in the crude and adjusted models. Additionally, overall associations were found, when parent BMI was adjusted for, between waist circumference and combined SES for girls (F(2,3)=5.7, P=0.004), and waist circumference and household relative net income and combined SES for boys (F(2,3)=5.0, P=0.005; F(2,3)=P=0.015, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight was found to be low compared to other European countries. Furthermore, contrary to predominant findings from other Western European countries, no inverse associations were found between SES and child overweight in this study. Rather, varying associations between some SES indicators and overweight/waist circumference were found and they differed between girls and boys.
Phenotypically distinct human sequence is widespread in publicly archived microbial reads: an evaluation of methods for its detection

Sequencing data from host-associated microbes can often be contaminated by the body of the investigator or research subject. Human DNA is typically removed from microbial reads either by subtractive alignment (dropping all reads that map to the human genome) or using a read classification tool to predict those of human origin, and then discarding them. To inform best practice guidelines, we benchmarked 8 alignment-based and 2 classification-based methods of human read detection using simulated data from 10 clinically prevalent bacteria and 3 viruses, into which contaminating human reads had been added. While the majority of methods successfully detected > 99% of the human reads, they were distinguishable by variance. The most precise methods, with negligible variance, were Bowtie2 and SNAP, both of which misclassified few, if any, bacterial reads (and no viral reads) as human. While correctly detecting a similar number of human reads, methods based on taxonomic classification, such as Kraken2 and Centrifuge, often misclassified bacterial reads as human, the extent of which was species-specific. Among the most sensitive methods of human read detection was BWA, although this also made the greatest number of false positive classifications. Across all methods, the set of human reads not identified as such, although often representing < 0.1% of the total reads, were non-randomly distributed along the human genome with many originating from the repeat-rich sex chromosomes. For viral reads and longer (> 300bp) bacterial reads, the highest performing approaches were classification-based, using Kraken2 or Centrifuge. For shorter (150-300bp) bacterial reads, combining multiple methods of human read detection maximised the recovery of human reads from contaminated short read datasets without being compromised by false positives. The highest-performing approach with shorter bacterial reads was a two-stage classification using Bowtie2 followed by SNAP. Using this approach, we re-examined 11,577 publicly archived bacterial readsets for hitherto undetected human contamination. We were able to extract a sufficient number of reads to call known human SNPs, including those with clinical significance, in 6% of the samples. These results show that phenotypically-distinct human sequence is widespread in publicly-archived (and nominally pure) bacterial datasets.
Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of mycotoxins: a review

Bu makalede, cesitli mantar turleri tarafindan uretilen mikotoksinlerin genotoksik ve mutajenik etkileri derlenmistir. Literaturde toplam 259 mikotoksin bulundu. Bunlarin 109'unun genotoksik etkileri daha once arastirildi. Bugune kadar yapilmis olan calismalarda, calisilan mikotoksinler arasinda sadece aktinomisin D, aflatoksin, alternaril, chrysazin (dantron), sitrinin, fumonisin, mitomisin C, nivalenol, okratoksin A, patulin, sterigmatosistin, versicolorin A ve B, vomitoksin ve zearalenon genotoksik etki gostermis veya genotoksik etkileri kanitlanmistir. Diger mikotoksinlerin herhangi bir genotoksik etkisi olup olmadigini belirlemek icin ek calismalar gereklidir. Bu calisma, daha once calisilan mikotoksinler hakkinda onemli bilgiler sunmaktadir. Dolayisiyla bu derleme, arastirmacilara, daha once hic calisilmamis olan mikotoksinlerle ilgili gelecekteki calismalari tasarlama konusunda katki saglayabilir.
MOUTHWASH GOLD STANDARDS VERSUS MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Over advanced dental cosmetic awareness, the commercially competent mouthwash and suppressed importance of the active ingredients have lead to increased dental trauma. In view of this, antimicrobial efficacy of oradex, oral B and listerine mouthwash were tested against the confirmed isolates of Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus spp. , Lactobacillus buchneri, Sarcina spp. , Staphylococcus spp. , Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp. , Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from pre and post mouth wash rinse. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to CLSI (2015). Oradex mouthwash exhibited significant inhibition against all confirmed isolates, oral B mouthwash recorded similar results except against Streptococcus spp and cool mint listerine exhibited no inhibition. One-way ANOVA test proved there are variations in the effects exhibited by the three test mouthwash (p < 0.05). Pharmaceutical formulations, microbiological analysis and periodic education will mark the development of mouthwash quality that are safe and effective to use across all age groups.
Tolerance Screening of Sugarcane Varieties Toward Waterlogging Stress

The aim of this research was to obtain the resistant plant toward waterlogging stress. The research used complete randomized block design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factors of sugarcane variety are PS 8845, VMC 7616, BL, VMC 86550, PSJK 922 and PS 864. The second factor is the treatments of waterlogging on the level of treatment, that is, without waterlogging, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of waterlogging in bucket. The research results showed that the differences in resistance response of several tested varieties were seen in parameters of number of leaves, number of yellowing leaves, fresh weight of plant, plant height, stem diameter, root length, root’s branch, number of tillers, chlorophyll content, the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal density, shoot leaf size, and leaf angle. Quantitative data character were analysed using ANOVA and DMRT. The conclusion of this research were that PS 8845 and VMC 7616 variety can be recommended as a variety that is resistant to water logging stress. While variety PSJK 922 showed the worst response in condition of waterlogging stress.
Risk stratification of HCC occurrence after HCV eradication: a complicate plot of risk factors related and unrelated to the previous viral disease.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of leading cause of cirrhosis, that is the strongest risk factor for the development of HCC in Western countries (1,2).
Studying psychotherapy change in narrative terms: The innovative moments method

Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Grant/Award Number: SFRH/BPD/98196/2013, SFRH/BPD/108674/2015, SFRH/BPD/84157/2012 and SFRH/BPD/95859/2013
Study of migration and diffusion during the mixing process of asphalt mixtures with RAP

The mixing degree of virgin and aged asphalt binders is one of the main factors that can significantly affect the performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). On the other hand, an important factor that contributes to the mixing is diffusion, which dominantly determines the general performance of asphalt mixtures with RAP. In this study, twelve different lab-mixing conditions were deliberately adopted to investigate the impact on the diffusion between virgin and aged bitumen binders, including three mixing temperatures (110°C, 130°C, 150°C) and four mixing times (30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 240 s). Specially fabricated cubic aggregates were designed and deposited for collecting pure binders, so that virgin or aged binders can be tracked and the effect of chemical reagents be avoided. Based on the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests, the performance and blending rate of binders under various conditions were clearly shown. The results show that blending temperature can play a more crucial role in diffusion than mixing duration, which means the higher temperature is capable of accelerating the inter-diffusion rate between virgin and aged bitumen binders, thus increasing the efficiency of recycling ulteriorly. The blending degree investigated in this study could not achieve the complete mixed state with the highest value being around 50%. Furthermore, the Asymmetric Gaussian Model is proposed to mathematically describe the change of blending rate with the mixing time.
Evaluation of factors affecting attitudes of Muslim Americans toward seeking and using formal mental health services

This study investigated the effects of four independent variables— cultural beliefs about mental health; knowledge and familiarity with mental health problems, services, and providers; shame and stigma associated with mental health; and helpseeking preferences— on the attitudes of Muslim Americans toward formal mental health services. Data was collected in September 2011 via paper surveys given out at a national conference and through online data collection. The results of multiple regression analysis on 166 participants indicated that more favorable attitudes toward seeking and using formal mental health services are correlated with less cultural beliefs, more perception of shame, more knowledge and famil6 Fahad Khan, Maryam Khan, Hamzzat Soyege, and Sara Maklad iarity with formal services; and higher preference for formal help resources. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The assessment of argyrophylic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in gynecological oncology

Ci1gle niezadowalaj1ce wyniki leczenia chorych z nowotworami narz1dów p3ciowych powoduj1 koniecznoœæ kontynuacji badañ nad biologi1 tych nowotworów, w celu opracowania optymalnych schematów diagnostycznych i leczniczych. Z wielu wzglêdów w codziennej praktyce klinicznej u pacjentów z chorob1 nowotworow1 du¿e znaczenie maj1 proste i niezbyt kosztowne metody oceny agresywnoœci nowotworu. Do takich badañ nale¿y ocena stref organizatorów j1derkowych komórek nowotworowych (AgNORs, argyrophylic nucleolar organizer regions), czyli jednostopniowe srebrzenie koloidowe regionów organizatorów j1derkowych. Metoda opiera siê na fakcie, ¿e podstawow1 cech1 procesu transformacji nowotworowej jest wzrost syntezy bia3ek jako konsekwencja zwiêkszenia syntezy rybosomalnego RNA [1, 2].
Hipertiroidismo y embarazo Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy

Hyperthyroidism is the most common thyroid disease in pregnancy. Diagnosing is somewhat difficult because of the physiological changes in pregnancy; it is Revista Cubana de Endocrinología. 2012;23(3):299-305 http://scielo.sld. cu 300 accompanied with goiter, hypermetabolism and hyperdynamic circulation. Difficulties in gaining weight in spite of keeping appetite and tachycardia value at rest (over 90 beats per minute) are the most suggestive signs. The most common cause (80 to 85 % of cases) is Graves' disease of autoimmune etiology, which occurs more frequently in the first trimester of pregnancy and after the childbirth, and may become more severe if there are high levels of chorionic gonadotropin during the first trimester of pregnancy. Manifest hyperthyroidism affects the course of pregnancy and has adverse effects for the mother and the fetus. The determination of high levels of free thyroxine and triiodothyronine is the confirmatory diagnostic test. The use of synthesis antithyroid medication is the therapy of choice. The minimal necessary dose is recommended to control hyperthyroidism and to keep the patient in euthyroid state, and this is achieved with clinical and thyroid function follow-up every 4 to 6 weeks. The breast-feeding is allowed in mothers taking a 200 mg/day dose of propylthiouracil or 20mg/day of methimazole.
Numerical Relay Based 220 kV Transmission Line Backup Distance Protection at Pipri West Grid- A Case Study

This case study presents the working, testing and commissioning of the 220 kV backup distance protection schemes employed on the Pipri West Grid of Karachi Electric Limited (KEL). The paper discusses protection systems in transmission lines and the technical issues with electromechanical and static relays. Current status of relays in Pakistani transmission network and the need for their up gradation to modern numerical relays have been emphasized. The 220 kV backup distance project of Karachi Electric (KE) uses LZ96 static relay that has been replaced with Siemens Siprotec 4 7SA522 numeric distance relay. These newly replaced relays has features of telecommunication, monitoring, control, and power swing blocking functions. This paper also present the problems encountered in conventional distance protection. Desirable features of distance protection are obtained via tele-protection. Information transmitted from one end to the other end of the line via tele-protection is also analyzed. The parameterizing of numerical relays is done with Digitalizer Simulator (DIGSI) software and finally testing results are reported using Instrumentation System Automation (ISA) TEST SET.
Preface of the Special Issue “Pharmaceutical Crystals”

Etsuo Yonemochi 1,* and Hidehiro Uekusa 2,* 1 Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan 2 Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan * Correspondence: e-yonemochi@hoshi.ac.jp (E.Y.); uekusa@chem.titech. ac.jp (H.U.); Tel. : +81-3-5498-5048 (E.Y.); +81-3-5734-3529 (H.U.)
Compact planar frequency reconfigurable multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna with pattern and polarization diversity characteristics for WiFi and WiMAX standards

A compact planar frequency reconfigurable dual‐band multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation and pattern/polarization diversity characteristics is presented in this article for WiFi and WiMAX standards. The MIMO configuration incorporates two symmetrically placed identical antenna elements and covers overall size of 24 mm × 24 mm × 0.762 mm. Reconfiguration of each antenna element is achieved by using a PIN diode which allows antennas to switch from state‐1 (2.3‐2.4 GHz and 4.6‐5.5 GHz) to state‐2 (3.3‐3.5 GHz and 4.6‐5.5 GHz). In state‐1, the configuration offers isolation ≥18 dB and 20 dB in lower band (LB) and upper band (UB) respectively; whereas, in state‐2, isolation ≥21 dB and 20 dB in LB and UB respectively is achieved. The same decoupling circuit provides high isolation in dual‐band of two states, which makes overall size of the proposed design further compact. The antennas are characterized in terms of envelope correlation coefficient, radiation pattern, gain, and efficiency. From measured and simulated results, it is verified that the proposed frequency reconfigurable dual‐band multi‐standard MIMO antenna design shows desirable performance in both operating bands of each state and compact size of the design makes it suitable for small form factor devices used in future wireless communication systems.
Microbiological and Imageological profile of Pneumonias in Acute Medical Care in a Tertiary Care Hospital

evidence of pneumonia, admitted in Acute Medical care unit during one year period. Pregnant women and Post operative patients were excluded. After obtaining a detailed history, a complete general physical and systemic examination, patients were subjected to relevant investigations. Pleural ﬂuid analysis, throat swab c/s, Computerised Tomography of thorax, bronchoscopy with Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) were done if necessary. Majority were males (57%) . Mean age of the study group was 50.5 ± 2.38. Risk factors for developing pneumonia were diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, hematological disorders and connective tissue disorders . Microbiological yield was present in 78 cases (39%) and was more from bronchosecretions (Tracheal aspirate/Broncho Alveolar Lavage). Gram negative organisms were more common. Klebsiella and E.coli were the common organisms. By serology, Scrub typhus was common and among viral, H1N1 was more common. Chest radiograph showed predominantly bilateral lower zone involvement with alveolar pattern. CT scan had a better delineation with diagnostic accuracy. Mortality (19%) was more in patients with multiorgan dysfunction, ARDS . ABSTRACT
Rethinking Routing and Peering in the era of Vertical Integration of Network Functions

Content providers typically control the digital content consumption services and are getting the most revenue by implementing an “all-you-can-eat” model via subscription or hyper-targeted advertisements. Revamping the existing Internet architecture and design, a vertical integration where a content provider and access ISP will act as unibody in a sugarcane form seems to be the recent trend. As this vertical integration trend is emerging in the ISP market, it is questionable if existing routing architecture will suffice in terms of sustainable economics, peering, and scalability. It is expected that the current routing will need careful modifications and smart innovations to ensure effective and reliable end-to-end packet delivery. This involves new feature developments for handling traffic with reduced latency to tackle routing scalability issues in a more secure way and to offer new services at cheaper costs. Considering the fact that prices of DRAM or TCAM in legacy routers are not necessarily decreasing at the desired pace, cloud computing can be a great solution to manage the increasing computation and memory complexity of routing functions in a centralized manner with optimized expenses. Focusing on the attributes associated with existing routing cost models and by exploring a hybrid approach to SDN, we also compare recent trends in cloud pricing (for both storage and service) to evaluate whether it would be economically beneficial to integrate cloud services with legacy routing for improved cost-efficiency. In terms of peering, using the US as a case study, we show the overlaps between access ISPs and content providers to explore the viability of a future in terms of peering between the new emerging content-dominated sugarcane ISPs and the healthiness of Internet economics. To this end, we introduce meta-peering, a term that encompasses automation efforts related to peering – from identifying a list of ISPs likely to peer, to injecting control-plane rules, to continuous monitoring and notifying any violation – one of the many outcroppings of vertical integration procedure which could be offered to the ISPs as a standalone service.