Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychotropic drugs in patients after acute myocardial infarction

Adres do korespondencji: dr hab. n. med. Bożena Szyguła-Jurkiewicz III Katedra i Oddział Kliniczny Kardiologii ŚUM, Śląskie Centrum Chorób Serca ul. Curie Składowskiej 9, 41–800 Zabrze e-mail: b.szygula@sccs.pl Abstract The patients with acute myocardial infarction have many emotional and behavioral problems and some of them may also have psychopatological problems. The psychosocial factors with proven impact on the prognosis in somatic diseases are chronic stress factors (eg lack of social support or low economic status) and emotional factors (depression, anxiety disorders, personality traits). In patients with myocardial infarction it is essential to use antianxiety agents because the occuring feeling of anxiety causes a discomfort and leads to sympathetic nervous system stimulation which negatively influences the course of the disease. Benzodiazepines are the drugs of choice in the anti-anxiety treatment. The confusional state and the cognitive disorders may occur in patients after cardiac arrest and in the eldelry. It may lead to brain hypoperfusion or hypoxia, dehydration or overhydration, electrolyte disorders, liver or kidney failure, endocrine disorders, or infection. A frequent cause of these states is the sudden withdrawal of alcohol or drugs, therefore it is always important to take the history which includes that factors. In the therapy of delirium and the cognitive disorders the use of haloperidol, benzodiazepines with short half-life (eg lorazepam) or atypical antipsychotics are both safe and effective. 40–65% of patients after myocardial infarction are presented with clinically significant depressive symptoms and 25% with severe depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioural therapy are recommended in the treatment of depression. It is essential to choose carefully the psychotropic drugs in patients with myocardial infarction. There are possible interactions between active substances in multidrug therapy. Good understanding of the pharmacodynamic properties of medications allows to use positive interactions and avoid negative ones. Psychiatry 2012; 9, 2: 60–67
Development of a pharmacokinetic model for chromium in the rat following subchronic exposure. I. The importance of incorporating long-term storage compartment.

A pharmacokinetic model of chromium depuration in the rat has been developed under subchronic exposure conditions. Rats were exposed to 100 ppm Cr(VI) in their drinking water for 6 weeks, followed by a 140-day period of depuration. Tissue concentrations of Cr at the end of the 6-week exposure period were greatest in the bone, spleen, and kidney, with lower concentrations present in the liver and blood. The overall kinetics of Cr depuration from the tissues were relatively slow, especially for the largest compartment which included bone. The results indicated that the half-life of Cr in bone exceeded 100 days. A three-compartment model was developed to fit the data. Liver, kidney, and spleen were grouped into a single compartment which was linked to a major storage compartment (i.e., bone, skin, hair, and muscle) via the blood. Using this model, the time to a 50% reduction of whole body Cr (i.e., loss of total Cr mass for the whole rat) was calculated to be about 80 days. The higher half-life for the storage compartment of 100 days is due to the relative weights of the compartments and the more rapid loss of Cr from the liver, kidney, and spleen compartment. The data suggest that Cr may be sequestered and release of Cr by the storage compartment over an extended period of time, thereby, may play an important role in maintaining elevated body burdens and tissue concentrations of Cr following long-term exposure to this toxic metal.
Reducing Waste of Perishables in Retailing through Transshipment

Transshipment in retailing is a practice where one outlet ships its excess inventory to another outlet with inventory shortages. By balancing inventories, transshipment can reduce waste and increase fill rate at the same time. In this paper, we explore the idea of transshipping perishable goods in offline retailing. In the offline retailing of perishable goods, customers typically choose the newest items first, which can lead to substantial waste. We show that in this context, transshipment plays two roles. One is inventory balancing, which is well known in the literature. The other is inventory separation, which is new to the literature. That is, transshipment allows a retailer to put newer inventory in one outlet and older inventory in the other. This makes it easier to sell older inventory and reduces waste as a result. Our numerical studies show that transshipment and clearance sales are substitutes in terms of both increasing profit and reducing waste. In particular, transshipment can increase profit by up to several percentage points. It is most beneficial in increasing profit when the variable cost of products is high and hence few items are put on clearance sale. Although transshipment does not always reduce waste, when it does, the reduction can be substantial. Similar to the way it impacts profit, transshipment can reduce waste the most when the variable cost of products is high and hence products are too expensive to be put on clearance sale.
Energy Saving For Wireless Mesh Network State of the art Sarra Mamechaoui

Energy consumption of communication systems is becoming a fundamental issue and among all the sectors, wireless access networks are largely responsible for the increase in consumption. With this increasing demand for energy in wireless field related with the increase in carbon dioxide levels in the environment produced by wireless devices in the idle mode, it is very essential to develop the technology that reduce energy consumption. In this context, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are commonly considered as the most suitable architecture because of their versatility that allows flexible configurations. Different studies have proposed number of protocols in different layers of TCP/IP model to enhance transmission of data. Very few of these protocols envisage node energy. This paper mainly focuses on classification layer of the largest existing approaches dedicated to energy conservation. Keywords-WMN; 802.11s; Energy consumption; TCP/IP layers, Topology control; Power control; Sleep.
Title A topic model for building fine-grained domain-specific emotionlexicon

Emotion lexicons play a crucial role in sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In this paper, we propose a novel Emotion-aware LDA (EaLDA) model to build a domainspecific lexicon for predefined emotions that include anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise. The model uses a minimal set of domain-independent seed words as prior knowledge to discover a domainspecific lexicon, learning a fine-grained emotion lexicon much richer and adaptive to a specific domain. By comprehensive experiments, we show that our model can generate a high-quality fine-grained domain-specific emotion lexicon.
Optically induced coherent transport far above Tc in underdoped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 + δ

S. Kaiser,1,* C. R. Hunt,1,4 D. Nicoletti,1 W. Hu,1 I. Gierz,1 H. Y. Liu,1 M. Le Tacon,2 T. Loew,2 D. Haug,2 B. Keimer,2 and A. Cavalleri1,3,† 1Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany 2Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany 3Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom 4Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (Received 18 March 2014; revised manuscript received 25 April 2014; published 30 May 2014)
Release rate of ammonia-a key component in the attraction of female mediterranean fruit fly to protein-based food lures

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is one of the most injurious pests around the world. The common way to control the fly is via poison-bait sprays directed mainly against the females. Hydrolyzed proteins are the customary, but not satisfactory, bait component. Ammonia is the most significant volatile breakdown product of protein decomposition. The relationship between ammonia emanation and the attraction of the medfly was studied earlier and indicated the dependence of attraction on the rate of release of ammonia. The aim of this study was to quantify the rate of ammonia release for optimal attraction of medfly females as a first step in devising a new and more efficient female-attractive bait based on chemically defined components. The rate of release of ammonia was measured in an ammonia trapping system, which was built for this purpose. The ammonia was released from 1 ml sample in a 3-cm-long x 1.5-cm i.d. glass tube. The most attractive concentration of ammonia solution was 0.01 N. The most attractive rate of release of ammonia calculated from the correlation of increasing concentrations of ammonia solutions and their release rates was 14.3 μg/tube/hour. The use of higher rates of release of ammonia up to ~100 μg/tube/hour may be also adequate for use because although they are somewhat repulsive, they are attractive enough to catch relatively higher numbers of flies.
Contrasting Explicit and Implicit Scaffolding for Transactive Exchange in Team Oriented Project Based Learning

: Script based support for collaborative learning may employ either explicit or implicit scaffolding. If the effect of script based support is mainly by means of its effect on collaborative processes, it would be reasonable to expect that if two forms of support manipulate the same process variable, they would provide redundant rather than synergistic effects when offered together. However, explicit forms of scaffolding may provide additional benefits from the reification of the processes that they provide, which could be received as instruction. This paper contributes to research on dynamic support for collaborative learning by proposing a novel form of micro-level prompt designed to elevate the amount of Transactive exchange. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, we measure the impact of this explicit form of scaffolding and an implicit form of support for Transactive exchange developed in prior work, alone and in combination in terms of impact on two key outcomes, namely collaborative product quality and acquisition of multi-perspective knowledge. In this study, the pair of manipulations provide synergistic support for group product quality, but only the explicit support contributes to acquisition of multi-perspective knowledge.
Effect of CpG Oligonucleotides on Vaccine-Induced B Cell Memory1

Adding synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs to Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA, the licensed human vaccine) increases the speed and magnitude of the resultant Ab response. Ab titers persist in the protective range for >1 year, significantly longer than in animals vaccinated with AVA alone. Unexpectedly, a majority of mice immunized with CpG-adjuvanted AVA maintained resistance to anthrax infection even after their Ab titers had declined into the subprotective range. The survival of these animals was mediated by the de novo production of protective Abs by high affinity memory B cells re-stimulated immediately after challenge. Thus, a previously unrecognized benefit of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides adjuvants is their ability to expand the long-lived memory B cell population. Current findings demonstrate that CpG-adjuvanted AVA mediates protection both by stimulating a strong/persistent serum Ab response and by generating a high-affinity long-lived pool of memory B cells.
Low-Grade Vulvar and Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Correlation of Histologic Features with Human Papillomavirus DNA Detection and MIB-1 Immunostaining

Histologic criteria of low-grade vulvar/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN1/VAIN1) are well established; however, a significant interobserver variability in diagnosing VIN1/VAIN1 has been reported. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of MIB-1 immunostaining as an adjunct test to increase the diagnostic accuracy in equivocal cases of VIN1/VAIN1. The second goal was to examine the distribution of low- and high–oncogenic risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in VIN1/VAIN1 lesions. Consecutive vulvar/vaginal biopsies originally diagnosed as VIN1/VAIN1 (n = 43) or benign (n = 20) were reviewed by two pathologists to obtain a consensus diagnosis. The diagnosis was further confirmed with HPV testing using Short PCR Fragment 10 and Line Probe Assay. MIB-1 immunostaining was performed, and positive staining was defined as a cluster of two or more stained nuclei in the upper two thirds of the epithelial thickness. After verification of the diagnosis using the consensus histologic review and HPV detection as an objective confirmatory test, 31% of cases originally diagnosed as VIN1/VAIN1 were identified as being overdiagnosed. The sensitivity and the specificity of MIB-1 staining for identifying VIN1/VAIN1 were 0.96 and 0.90, respectively. Seventy percent of VIN1 cases were associated with low-risk viral types. In contrast, the majority (84%) of VAIN1 cases were associated with high-risk HPVs. In conclusion, MIB-1 staining is sensitive and specific for identifying VIN1/VAIN1, helpful in verifying the diagnosis in equivocal cases.
The effects of social status on biological aging as measured by white‐blood‐cell telomere length

Low socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with a shortened life expectancy, but its effect on aging is unknown. The rate of white‐blood‐cell (WBC) telomere attrition may be a biological indicator of human aging. We tested the hypothesis that SES is associated with telomere attrition independent of known risk factors influencing the aging process. We studied 1552 female twins. A venous blood sample was taken from each twin and isolated WBCs used for extraction of DNA. Terminal restriction fragment length (TRFL) was measured. Questionnaire data were collected on occupation, education, income, smoking, exercise, height and weight. Standard multiple linear regression and multivariate analyses of variance tested for associations between SES and TRFL, adjusting for covariates. A discordant twin analysis was conducted on a subset to verify findings. WBC telomere length was highly variable but significantly shorter in lower SES groups. The mean difference in TRFL between nonmanual and manual SES groups was 163.2 base pairs (bp) of which 22.9 bp (∼14%) was accounted for by body mass index, smoking and exercise. Comparison of TRFL in the 17 most discordant SES twin pairs confirmed this difference. Low SES, in addition to the harmful effects of smoking, obesity and lack of exercise, appears to have an impact on telomere length.
Effects of high‐energy phosphates on carbachol‐evoked cationic current in single smooth muscle cells from guinea‐pig ileum.

1. Single smooth muscle cells from the longitudinal muscle layer of guinea‐pig small intestine were voltage clamped in the whole‐cell recording mode with patch pipettes. The cationic current (Icat) evoked by application of 50 microM carbachol (CCh) was examined when free internal calcium in the cell was ‘clamped’ at 10(‐7) M with 20 mM BAPTA. The effects of varying the composition of the pipette solution were studied. 2. Phosphocreatine (PCr, 6 mM) added to the pipette solution increased Icat by about 7‐fold (to near 620 pA); lower concentrations had similar, generally lesser, effects. Na2ATP (3 or 6 mM) with or without 5 mM MgCl2 was much less effective than phosphocreatine alone. Addition of 3 mM Na2ATP reduced Icat, whether or not phosphocreatine was present. 3. Creatine (6 mM) with or without 2 mM Na2ATP was less effective than phosphocreatine in maintaining Icat. 4. GTP (0.1 mM) did not affect Icat evoked by CCh, whether phosphocreatine was present or not. 5. GTP gamma S (0.2 mM) included in pipette solution mimicked the effect of CCH and evoked Icat independently of whether PCr was present or not in the pipette solution. Including 5 mM ATP in the pipette reduced this current, whereas 5'‐adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP‐PNP) and ADP were without effect. 6. The results show that phosphocreatine increases membrane channel responsiveness to receptor activation and that ATP above 2 mM suppresses it.
The Transcriptional Regulator RovS Controls the Attachment of Streptococcus agalactiae to Human Epithelial Cells and the Expression of Virulence Genes

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae is part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract and also the leading cause of bacterial infections in human newborns and immunocompromised adults. The colonization and infection of different regions within the human host require a regulatory network in S. agalactiae that senses environmental stimuli and controls the formation of specific virulence factors. In the present study, we characterized an Rgg-like transcriptional regulator, designated RovS (regulator of virulence in Streptococcus agalactiae). Deletion of the rovS gene in the genome of S. agalactiae resulted in strain 6313 ΔrovS, which exhibited an increased attachment to immobilized fibrinogen and a significant increase in adherence to the eukaryotic lung epithelial cell line A549. Quantification of expression levels of known and putative S. agalactiae virulence genes by real-time PCR revealed that RovS influences the expression of fbsA, gbs0230, sodA, rogB, and the cyl operon. The altered gene expression in mutant 6313 ΔrovS was restored by plasmid-mediated expression of rovS, confirming the RovS deficiency as the cause for the observed changes in virulence gene expression in S. agalactiae. DNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that RovS specifically binds to the promoter regions of fbsA, gbs0230, sodA, and the cyl operon, indicating that RovS directly regulates their expression. Deletion and mutation studies in the promoter region of fbsA, encoding the main fibrinogen receptor in S. agalactiae, identified a RovS DNA motif. Similar motifs were also found in the promoter regions of gbs0230, sodA, and the cyl operon, and alignments allowed us to propose a consensus sequence for the DNA-binding site of RovS.
Positive Psychology Apps

Background: Studies indicate that happiness can have positive effects on physical and mental health as well as on cognitive functioning. To offer everyone face-to-face help to develop greater happiness, more psychologists, time and money would be needed. Mobile applications could be a solution to this problem. Unfortunately, until now, only few studies concerning the evaluation of quality of these applications exist. This study examined the quality of a selection of apps based on the following criteria: Theoretical background, use of persuasive system design principles and subjective quality. Methods: A systematic approach was applied to the search and assessment of apps available in the German Google Play Store aiming to enhance the user’s level of happiness. Finally, after a detailed selection process based on several inand exclusion criteria concerning the apps’ relevance for this study, 11 apps were assessed for further analysis. By using a preliminary developed coding scheme, the researcher evaluated the extent to which theoretical elements of Authentic Happiness Theory (AHT) as well as empirically supported positive psychological exercises and Persuasive System Design (PSD) elements were used within the apps. Subjective quality was assessed using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) as well as user information provided by the Google Play Store. Results: Most apps had a moderate theoretical background since they included only a few elements of AHT. Additionally, only a few established positive psychological exercises were used to promote happiness. Persuasive System Design Elements were incorporated to a moderate extent. Expert ratings on subjective app quality were also moderate whereas the average app store rating by real users tended to be higher. No significant relationship could be found between the subjective expert ratings of app quality and the average app store ratings of real users or the number of downloads. Conclusion: Most apps aiming to promote happiness still lack theoretical foundation. Additionally, the use of Persuasive System Design elements could be improved to increase adherence. Most apps were not highly rated on subjective quality which could be due to the fact that they often lack interactivity within their features. Given that app stores still lack a standardized quality rating for users, it would be advantageous to develop a professional quality seal for the extent to which an app is based on theory as well as how subjective quality is rated. Through this study, a first step to the development of such a framework has been made. Table of
CO2-induced ocean acidification does not affect individual or group behaviour in a temperate damselfish

Open ocean surface CO2 levels are projected to reach approximately 800 µatm, and ocean pH to decrease by approximately 0.3 units by the year 2100 due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the subsequent process of ocean acidification (OA). When exposed to these CO2/pH values, several fish species display abnormal behaviour in laboratory tests, an effect proposed to be linked to altered neuronal GABAA receptor function. Juvenile blacksmith (Chromis punctipinnis) are social fish that regularly experience CO2/pH fluctuations through kelp forest diurnal primary production and upwelling events, so we hypothesized that they might be resilient to OA. Blacksmiths were exposed to control conditions (pH ∼ 7.92; pCO2 ∼ 540 µatm), constant acidification (pH ∼ 7.71; pCO2 ∼ 921 µatm) and oscillating acidification (pH ∼ 7.91, pCO2 ∼ 560 µatm (day), pH ∼ 7.70, pCO2 ∼ 955 µatm (night)), and caught and tested in two seasons of the year when the ocean temperature was different: winter (16.5 ± 0.1°C) and summer (23.1 ± 0.1°C). Neither constant nor oscillating CO2-induced acidification affected blacksmith individual light/dark preference, inter-individual distance in a shoal or the shoal's response to a novel object, suggesting that blacksmiths are tolerant to projected future OA conditions. However, blacksmiths tested during the winter demonstrated significantly higher dark preference in the individual light/dark preference test, thus confirming season and/or water temperature as relevant factors to consider in behavioural tests.
The fungi: 1, 2, 3 ... 5.1 million species?

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Fungi are major decomposers in certain ecosystems and essential associates of many organisms. They provide enzymes and drugs and serve as experimental organisms. In 1991, a landmark paper estimated that there are 1.5 million fungi on the Earth. Because only 70000 fungi had been described at that time, the estimate has been the impetus to search for previously unknown fungi. Fungal habitats include soil, water, and organisms that may harbor large numbers of understudied fungi, estimated to outnumber plants by at least 6 to 1. More recent estimates based on high-throughput sequencing methods suggest that as many as 5.1 million fungal species exist. METHODS Technological advances make it possible to apply molecular methods to develop a stable classification and to discover and identify fungal taxa. KEY RESULTS Molecular methods have dramatically increased our knowledge of Fungi in less than 20 years, revealing a monophyletic kingdom and increased diversity among early-diverging lineages. Mycologists are making significant advances in species discovery, but many fungi remain to be discovered. CONCLUSIONS Fungi are essential to the survival of many groups of organisms with which they form associations. They also attract attention as predators of invertebrate animals, pathogens of potatoes and rice and humans and bats, killers of frogs and crayfish, producers of secondary metabolites to lower cholesterol, and subjects of prize-winning research. Molecular tools in use and under development can be used to discover the world's unknown fungi in less than 1000 years predicted at current new species acquisition rates.