Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Stipe-Boring Amphipod Peramphithoe stypotrupetes (Corophioidea: Ampithoidae) and Grazing Gastropods on the Kelp Laminaria setchellii

ABSTRACT The ampithoid amphipod Peramphithoe stypotrupetes hollows and infests the stipes of the alga Laminaria setchellii after intense grazing of its lamina by gastropods. The intensity of gastropod grazing and subsequent levels of amphipod infestation appear to be correlated with calm ocean conditions. Once established in the stipe, a pair of adult amphipods produces multiple cohorts of offspring, which hollow and kill the plant. At a study site off northern California, an entire bed of the alga was infested and no plants survived. Aspects of the natural history of P. stypotrupetes are discussed.
High Prevalence of Parvovirus B19 lgG Antibodies among Dutch Hemophilia Patients

Background and Objectives: Human parvovirus B19 is a potential risk to hemophiliac patients receiving blood products. Materials and Methods: To determine the prevalence of the corresponding antibody in patients with hemophilia A or B or von Willebrand's disease, we tested 326 hemophilia patients for anti‐B19 lgG. The results were compared with those of 203 age‐matched controls (male blood donors and children). Results: The overall prevalence of B19 lgG in the hemophilia patients was 302/326, and in the controls 123/203. Below the age of 10, hemophilia patients had a higher prevalence of B19 lgG (76%, 42/55) than the controls (23%, 11/48; p<0.00001). In those below the age of 5 who had been treated exclusively with monoclonally purified concentrate, it made no difference whether the product was pasteurized or solvent‐detergent treated. There was a significantly lower incidence in patients who were rarely treated. Conclusion: Parvovirus B19 is frequently transmitted in blood products. Existing virus‐inactivating methods do not prevent transmission.
IFN‐γ Regulates Murine Interferon‐Inducible T Cell Alpha Chemokine (I‐TAC) Expression in Dendritic Cell Lines and during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)

Murine interferon‐inducible T cell alpha chemokine (I‐TAC) is a potent non‐ELR Cys‐X‐Cys (CXC) chemokine that predominantly attracts activated T lymphocytes and binds to the receptor CXCR3. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) we analysed murine I‐TAC expression in two different progenitor dendritic cell (DC) lines, MTHC‐D2 and JAWS II which were exposed to various cytokines, and Con A‐activated splenocytes from a panel of knockout mice. Analysis of the progenitor DC lines and Con A cultures demonstrated that murine I‐TAC is primarily regulated by interferon (IFN)‐γ via interferon regulatory factor (IRF)‐1. It has been proposed that I‐TAC may have a role in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Because I‐TAC appears to be secreted from antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and attracts activated T cells, we examined the level of murine I‐TAC mRNA in the central nervous system (CNS) of wild‐type and IFN‐γ‐receptor knockout (IFN‐γR−/−) mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 peptide‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Peak I‐TAC expression was detected in wild‐type mice on day 14 when the mice begin to recover, whereas very low levels of I‐TAC were detected in the CNS of IFN‐γR−/− mice which develop severe EAE and die. The expression characteristics of murine I‐TAC suggest an important mediator of immune cell communication that could augment vaccines and autoimmune therapies.
Briefly noted

Prophylactic hemodialysis immediately after coronary angiography in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine >3.5 mg ⁄dl) reduced the likelihood of requiring chronic dialysis after hospital discharge from 13% to 0% (1). This was the finding from a prospective study of 82 patients randomized to either intravenous normal saline or prophylactic dialysis plus saline; a femoral dialysis catheter was placed at the time of angiography.
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS PREVENT ENDOTHELIAL CELL LEAKAGE VIA TIMP‐1 TO REDUCE FAK/SNAIL PATHWAY IN SEPSIS‐INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY

Background and Objective: We investigated the effect of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in moderating pulmonary endothelial leakage in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice at 8 to 12 weeks of age were studied. Murine iPSCs were delivered through the tail veins of mice 4 hours after intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung histopathological findings, proteins level and proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), expression of junctional proteins, and regulatory signaling pathways were analyzed after 24 hours. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured as a relevant model as cells expressed major junctional proteins to be responsible for maintaining vascular integrity in vivo. Results: iPSCs significantly diminished the histopathological changes of ALI mice compared to treatment with control cells. Proteins leakage, IL6 and MIP-2 levels in BALF were significantly reduced in iPSC-treated ALI mice. The iPSC therapy restored VE-cadherin expression in the lung of ALI mice. iPSC reduced the permeability of HUVECs monolayer increased by LPS or VEGF. In HUVECs, the iPSCs restored the expression of VEcadherin in response to LPS or VEGF via reducing Snail expression and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in Tyr397 (pFAK-Tyr397). We found conditioned medium of iPSCs (iPSC-CM) contained TIMP-1, an antiangiogenic factor. Pharmacological TIMP-1 inhibition significantly reduced the histopathological benefit and the change of VE-cadherin and pFAK-Tyr397 expression from iPSC-CM in ALI mice. Conclusion: iPSCs attenuate endothelial cell leakage in endotoxininduced ALI. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by the enhancement of TIMP-1 activity and reduction of FAK/Snail pathway.
Clustering Patterns of Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) at Two California Central Coast Overwintering Sites

The behavioral ecology of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.), was studied during the 1988-1989 and 1989-1990 overwintering seasons at two central coastal sites in San Luis Obispo County, Calif. , that differ in stand composition. In both seasons, patterns of tree use were similar at both sites; fewer trees supported clustering individuals as the season progressed, even though population levels remained constant. Tree use was not random, and as few as 3% of the available trees accounted for 97% of the clustering. A method of describing the location of clusters on specific trees was developed. Roosting individuals were consistently found on the southern exposures of trees, and cluster locations varied neither diurnally nor seasonally. Microclimate variables such as solar radiation, temperature, and wind were not good predictors of clustering position on trees within sites.
An Areawide Population Management Project for the Invasive Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a Low-Income Community in Santiago, Chile

An areawide project was carried out in a low-income community of Cerro Navia in Santiago, Chile, to manage the population of the invasive Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) that has been causing severe damage to homes in the past 20 yr. With the help of the municipality government and residents, baits containing the chitin synthesis inhibitor hexaflumuron were applied in three town blocks of a six-block area in January 2001. By April 2002, most of the termite activity in the baited town block was eliminated. A Bait Impact Index demonstrated that more baits applied near a monitoring station significantly reduced R. flavipes activity in the station. Following the successful reduction of termite activity in the three baited blocks, hexaflumuron baits were applied in the entire six-block area in 2003–2004. Since May 2005, R. flavipes has not been detected in the test area. The areawide approach significantly reduced the cost of bait application for managing the R. flavipes populations in the community. The project serves as a model of adapting an advanced but often costly technology for use in developing counties that otherwise would not be able to afford it.
Energy Balance of a Commercial Scale Closed Transplant Production System.

The energy balance of a commercial scale closed transplant production system was investigated to estimate the energy consumed by the system and to find the optimal strategies of environmental control of the system. The system consisted of a transportation/irrigation machine, four basic modules and thermal insulation wall. The basic module consisted of shelves, lamps, air conditioners, fans and a humidifier. Sweetpotato (IPomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Beniazuma) transplants were grown for 15 days under conditions of 140/200/320μ molm-2s-1 (1-5/6-11/12-15 days after planting, respectively) photosynthetic photon flux with 16h d-1 photoperiod, 28°C air temperature, 74% relative humidity and 990μmol mol-1CO2 concen-tration in the system. The total electric energy consumed by the system during 15 days when four basic modules operated was 764 MJ m-2. The system's lamps, air conditioners, fans, humidifiers and transportation/irrigation machine consumed 78.4%, 10.6%, 7.1%, 0.7% and 3.2% of the total electric energy consumed by the system, respectively. The electric energy cost per transplant, depending on the seasonal electric energy charge, was 2.5-2.6 Yen. The ratio of net chemical energy fixed by transplants to the total electric energy consumed by the system was estimated at 0.006 when the transplants grew normally. The coefficient of performance of the system was 8.0 and about 2 times higher than that described in the catalog of the air conditioner. The maximum percentage of heat energy transported by ventilation and penetra-ted through walls and floor to the cooling load of the system was estimated at 0.18% in summer and -25% in winter.
Caracterização do microrna MIR156 encontrado em bibliotecas de RNA-seq de frutos maduros de coffea arabica

microRNAs are a class of small RNAs (20-24 nucleotides) endogenous non-coding involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. In plants, specifically, miRNA are the result of processing the primary transcripts processed by Dicer-like enzymes and act predominantly degrading complementary mRNAs. Besides in model plants like Arabidopsis and Microtom, miRNAs have been studied in different species of agronomic interest, to understand its regulatory functions in vegetative and reproductive development, stress response, among others. In this work a specific pipeline to search for miRNAs counterparts in coffee was applied to sequences resulting from RNA-seq obtained from ripe coffee fruit libraries. As a result, eight families of miRNAs have been identified in mature fruits highlighting section miRNA156 specific for maturation. The results provide important information for understanding the miRNA involvement in the coffee ripening process for the development of biotechnological tools for coffee improvement.
Leadership

As a keen, experienced clinical teacher, you have been asked if you are interested in taking a leading position in education management, such as coordinating teaching or assessment for a substantial part of a course. The role includes leading a team of colleagues as well as the supervision of an administration officer. Below are some reflective questions a clinical teacher might consider before accepting such a role:
Non existence of the BV regularizing effect for scalar conservation laws in several space dimension

This article deals with the regularity aspects of entropy solutions to scalar conservation laws. We show that for each C2 flux in multi-D, there exists an entropy solution which does not belong to BV locally for all time. For this purpose, we construct a non-BVloc solution in 1-D for a special class of C2 fluxes whose second derivative has a zero. It covers all the C2 functions for which Lax-Oleinik's BV regularizing result is not applicable and provides a classification of one dimensional C2 fluxes based on L\infty-BVloc regularizing of entropy solution. In the later part of this article, we extend our result to fractional Sobolev spaces for a class of non-degenerate fluxes.
Cadmium accumulation in maize monoculture and intercropping with six legume species

Abstract This study investigated the effect of intercropping on the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) by maize plants (Zea mays L. var. Guangtian-2). Maize was intercropped with alfalfa, cowpea, garden pea, kidney bean, peanut, and soybean. The results showed that most legumes substantially enhanced Cd uptake by maize. The highest Cd uptake by both maize and peanut in one pot was 176, 282, 1044, and 1775 µg pot−1 on day 40, 55, 75, and 95, respectively. The results suggest that legumes caused a greater effect on Cd concentration in maize and peanut was a potential intercrop for enhancing Cd extraction from soil.
A new species of eagle from a Quaternary cave deposit in eastern Nevada

3 (East Hartford, Windham County) ; Massachusetts 5 (Barnstable County, Dedham, Wakefield, Concord) ; Indiana 1 (Rose Lawn) ; Illinois 3 (Warsaw, Evanston, Kane County) ; Michigan 13 (Ann Arbor, Jackson County, Wastenaw County, Kalamazoo, Darry County, Livingston County, Oakland County) ; Wisconsin 1 (Beaver Dam) ; Ontario 1’ 7 . (St. Clair Flats, Niagara Falls, Liewry, Norfolk County, Middlesex, Brant County, Wenttiorth County, Toronto, York County, Simcoe County). B. u. to&a. -Maine 3 (Penobscot County, Aroostook County) ; Wisconsin 6 (Phillips, Woodruff, Drummond, Solon Springs) ; Michigan 2 (Iron County) ; Minnesota 1 (Cook County) ; Quebec 5 (St. Louise, Atalante, Levis) ; Ontario 12 (Arden, Muskoka, Thunder Bay County, Coppermine Point, Lake Nip&m). B. u. thayeri. -Nova Scotia 7 (Digby, Dartmouth, Halifax) ; New Brunswick 1 (St. Stephens). B. u. u,&eZloides’ . -North Dakota 4 (Grafton) ; Utah 3 (Weber County, Elder County) ; Manitoba 2 (Carman) ; Saskatchewan 1 (Prince Albert) ; Alberta 6 (Hay Lake, Edmonton, Fawcett) ; W,ashington 16 (Danville, Curlew, Blue Mountains, Calispel Lake, Sullivan Lake, Tunk Mountains, Oroville, Mazama, Gifford, Colville, Loomis, Entiat, Mount Stewart) ; British Columbia 21 (Similkameen River, Okanagan Landing, Okanagan, Vernon, Coldstream, Lumby, Mabel Lake, Kootenai Range, Cottonwood, Willow River, Cariboo, Fort St. James). B. u. yukonen&. -Yukon Territory 3 (Teslin River, Lake La Barge) ; Alaska 1 (Russian Mission). B. u. sub&i. -Oregon 26 (Scio, Cascade Mountains, Logan, Fort Steilacoom, Parkdale, Willamette Valley, Portland, Beaverton, Blaine, Tillamook) ; WIshington 25 (White Salmon, Shoalwater Bay, Mount Rainier, Cedarville, Kirkland, Nisqually River, Darrington, Olympic Mountains, Puget Sound, Rockport, Bellingham, Whatcorn County, Glacier, Whidby Island, Clallam Bay, Neah Bay) ; British Columbia 17 (Howe Sound, New Westminster, Lund, Vancouver, Port Simpson, Upper Pitt River, Agassiz, Sumas, Chilliwack). B. u, brzLnnescens. --Vancouver Island 3 (Comox) ; Saturna Island 3.
Neural crest migration is driven by a few trailblazer cells with a unique molecular signature narrowly confined to the invasive front

ABSTRACT Neural crest (NC) cell migration is crucial to the formation of peripheral tissues during vertebrate development. However, how NC cells respond to different microenvironments to maintain persistence of direction and cohesion in multicellular streams remains unclear. To address this, we profiled eight subregions of a typical cranial NC cell migratory stream. Hierarchical clustering showed significant differences in the expression profiles of the lead three subregions compared with newly emerged cells. Multiplexed imaging of mRNA expression using fluorescent hybridization chain reaction (HCR) quantitatively confirmed the expression profiles of lead cells. Computational modeling predicted that a small fraction of lead cells that detect directional information is optimal for successful stream migration. Single-cell profiling then revealed a unique molecular signature that is consistent and stable over time in a subset of lead cells within the most advanced portion of the migratory front, which we term trailblazers. Model simulations that forced a lead cell behavior in the trailing subpopulation predicted cell bunching near the migratory domain entrance. Misexpression of the trailblazer molecular signature by perturbation of two upstream transcription factors agreed with the in silico prediction and showed alterations to NC cell migration distance and stream shape. These data are the first to characterize the molecular diversity within an NC cell migratory stream and offer insights into how molecular patterns are transduced into cell behaviors. Summary: Single cell mRNA profiling defines a group of leading cells in migratory neural crest. Key factors expressed in these cells regulate the behaviour of the migrating neural crest population.
Isolation of Lactate-producing Microbes From Fermented Grains of Luzhou-flavor Liquor and Their Effect on Simulative Solid-state Fermentation

Samples were taken from the fermented grains,21 strains of lactate producer were separated.16 ones of them are Bacillus . Six of them were identified as Corynebacterium xerosis,Staphylococcus auricularis,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus megaterium,Bacillus cereus group,Paenibacillus macerans,which were incorporated into the simulative solid-state fermentation.The result illustrated that all of the lactate producers restrain the caproic acid、ethyl caproate and Lactic acid ethyl ester in different extent.Among them 2 ones of Paenibacillus macerans and Bacillus megaterium reduced the level of ethanol、ethyl caproate seriously,especially one of the Bacillus megaterium restrain the productivity of the caproic acid seriously.
Aquarium observations on the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa (L., 1758) (scleractinia) and selected associated invertebrates

Abstract Growth and behaviour of Lophelia pertusa and selected associated invertebrates were observed in aquaria with running sea-water. The coral polyps captured food particles by means of nematocyst adhesion. Food items up to 2 cm long were ingested. The polyps discriminated between food and sediment particles when presented separately, probably involving chemoreceptors. When presented together with food, sediment was ingested. Linear skeletal extension occurred in pulses of up to 1.2 mm·day-1 in young polyps (mean = 9.4 mm·yr-1). Factors influencing the linear extension were: food availability, water quality, and patterns of water flow. The highest extension rate was recorded in periods with influx of new water masses to the aquarium water intake, and in parts of the aquaria with a slow water movement and a high sedimentation rate. Settlement and reproduction of the parasitic foraminiferan Hyrrokkin sarcophaga was observed, but no clear negative effects on the coral could be observed. The polychaete Eunice norvegica appeared to be a non-obligate mutualist. It frequently “stole” food from Lophelia, cleaned the polyps from sediment particles, and it's tube-building stimulated the production of coral skeleton. The latter probably strengthens both polychaete tube and coral skeleton. Two species of polynoids lived as commensals with Eunice.
Ecological Notes on the Turtle Clemmys insculpta in Northwestern New Jersey

An intensive ecological study of the wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta, was conducted in northwestern New Jersey from 1978-1981. Population density averaged 10.7 turtles/ha over all years. Nearly half (45.5%) of the population consisted of adults >140 mm in plastron length. The adult female-to-male ratio was not significantly different from 1:1. Secondary sexual differences became apparent in the ninth year, but maturity was not attained until the 14th year. While there was little difference in plastron length of adult males and females, males had longer carapaces than females of the same age. Plastral growth decreased from 84% in the first year to 2.3% in the sixth year, but showed an increase to 9.2 and 10.3% in years eight and nine. Since the ratio of abdominal scute to plastron length varied between captures, the use of abdominal scute length to estimate plastron length in Clemmys insculpta seems inappropriate. Courtship and mating occurred in the spring and fall. Females nested in June on elevated, well-drained, fully exposed sites near the stream. Clutch size averaged 8.5 and emergence of hatchlings occurred 70-71 days after nesting. Wood turtles were primarily diurnal throughout the year, but some courtship and nesting activity continued after dark. Estivation did not occur in the field; aquatic hibernation lasted from late November through early March. From May to October wood turtles assumed a solitary, terrestrial life style. Cloacal temperature was more closely correlated with substrate and water temperature than with air temperature. Comparison of temperatures among all activities showed that cloacal temperatures of turtles basking or moving on land were significantly higher than those of turtles found in water. Basking turtles accounted for 45.8% of all captures. Over the four year study period 16.8% of all turtles were found with injuries attributed primarily to raccoons (Procyon lotor). Almost 90% of all animals captured in early
Honeybee morphogenesis: embryonic cell movements that shape the larval body

Crucial steps in honeybee morphogenesis are characterized by the migration of free epithelial edges while well-defined epithelial cell populations expand or translocate. For each step - dorsal strip invasion, gastrulation, formation of serosa, amnion and midgut - scanning electron microscopy reveals a highly specific syndrome of cell shapes and cell movements at the advancing epithelial edge. Epithelial translocation appears to result from various combinations of ameboid movement, cell flattening, cell rearrangement (intercalation) and cell contraction along the free epithelial edge. The direction of epithelial movements could result essentially from the initial shape and orientation of the edge combined with the cells' tendency to close vacant spaces by extension and migration. These findings are discussed in relation to morphogenetic movements in other insects and to postembryonic wound healing in insects and amphibians.
Briefly Noted

(PD) patients followed up for 18 months, echocardiographic evidence of cardiac valve calcification was associated with a 5.4-fold increase in the riskofcardiovascular death independent of age, gender, dialysis duration, C-reactive protein, diabetes, and atherosclerotic vascular disease (1). Unadjusted 1-year all-cause mortality was 57% for the patients with both aortic and mitral calcification, 40% for calcification of one valve, and 15% for those without valvular calcification.