Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clonal expansion and HPV-induced immortalization are early molecular alterations in cervical carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND Monoclonality, a hallmark of most neoplasias, is found in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (Hi-SIL) and some low-grade SILs (Lo-SIL). The transforming genes E6/E7 of HPV 16 have been shown to induce telomerase activity and immortalization. We investigated the role of immortalization in monoclonal and polyclonal SILs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Telomerase RNA (hTR) and HPV 16 E6/E7 were investigated in 45 Lo-, 33 Hi-SILs and 11 cervical carcinomas (SCC) by RNA/RNA in situ hybridization. Clonality in this series has been described previously. RESULTS Expression of hTR and viral oncogenes correlated significantly with the histological severity of the lesion (p < 0.001). Intense focal up-regulation of hTR was found in 14 out of 22 monoclonal Hi-SILs, 4 out of 20 monoclonal Lo-SILs but only 1 out of 15 polyclonal Lo-SIL. HPV 16 E6/E7 expression was detected in 20 out of 22 monoclonal Hi-SILs but only in 5 out of 21 monoclonal Lo-SILs. CONCLUSION Monoclonal expansion and immortalization are early alterations predominantly found in SCC and Hi-SILs, but also in a subset of Lo-SILs.
Labor Informality: Choice or Sign of Segmentation? A Quantile Regression Approach at the Regional Level for Colombia

The labor market in developing countries is remarkably heterogeneous with a small productive formal sector, enjoying high wages and attractive employment conditions and another large informal sector with low productivity and volatile wages. The informal sector is particularly diverse. In this paper we examine the heterogeneity of the informal sector at regional level in Colombia. In general, our ndings suggest that, both voluntary and involuntary informal employment co-exist by choice and as a result of labor market segmentation. We also nd that there are striking di erences in labor market characteristics between cities, in particular in the traditional informal segment.
Deuterons at energies of 10 MeV to 1 TeV: conversion coefficients for fluence-to-absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose and gray equivalent, calculated using Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNPX 2.7.C.

Conversion coefficients were calculated for fluence-to-absorbed dose, fluence-to-equivalent dose, fluence-to-effective dose and fluence-to-gray equivalent for isotropic exposure of an adult female and an adult male to deuterons ((2)H(+)) in the energy range 10 MeV-1 TeV (0.01-1000 GeV). Coefficients were calculated using the Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX 2.7. C and BodyBuilder™ 1.3 anthropomorphic phantoms. Phantoms were modified to allow calculation of the effective dose to a Reference Person using tissues and tissue weighting factors from 1990 and 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and gray equivalent to selected tissues as recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Coefficients for the equivalent and effective dose incorporated a radiation weighting factor of 2. At 15 of 19 energies for which coefficients for the effective dose were calculated, coefficients based on ICRP 1990 and 2007 recommendations differed by <3%. The greatest difference, 47%, occurred at 30 MeV.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infections in Non-HIV Patients

Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms with nearly 100 different species found in soil and water. The fatty-acid and wax-rich impermeable cell wall of the mycobacteria allow for adherence to solid substrates such as pipes and leaves, allowing the organism to persist despite treatment with common disinfectants. Mycobacteria can cause infection in both humans and animals. It is difficult to assess the incidence or prevalence of NTM disease due to multiple factors. Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection may be difficult to differentiate from colonization, and when NTM infection is diagnosed, it is not a reportable disease. Furthermore, some species such as Mycobacterium gordonae may be a contaminant. Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is not a communicable disease, although health care-associated outbreaks have been reported, associated with a single facility or procedure. While the nontuberculous infection may affect other organs, the most common site is the lung, and the most common species is Mycobacterium avium complex, commonly referred to as MAC infection. An increasing occurrence of MAC has been reported, especially in certain populations such as middle-aged or elderly thin women, patients with chronic lung disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and cystic fibrosis. An association of NTM infection with gastroesophageal reflux disease has also been noted. The clinical presentation often includes chronic productive cough. Other less common symptoms include dyspnea and hemoptysis. With increased use of computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography, patterns of MAC pulmonary infection have been described. Recently, the American Thoracic Society has outlined guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NTM infection. Treatment of NTM infection requires at least 3 effective drugs for a minimum of 12 months after sputum conversion to negative cultures. Surgical therapy may be considered for localized disease which has failed medical management. In this article, the clinical presentation, radiographic features, diagnostic evaluation, and management are discussed.
Random telegraph signals in molecular junctions

We investigate conductance fluctuations in molecular junctions using a mechanically controllable break junction setup in a liquid environment. In contrast to conventional break junction measurements, time-dependent conductance signals were recorded while reducing the gap size between the two contact electrodes. Only small amplitude fluctuations of the conductance are observed when measuring in pure solvent. Conductance traces recorded in solutions containing alkanedithiols show significantly larger fluctuations which can take the form of random telegraph signals. Such signals emerge in a limited conductance range, which corresponds well to the known molecular conductance of the compounds investigated. These large-amplitude fluctuations are attributed to the formation and thermally driven breaking of bonds between a molecule and a metal electrode and provide a still poorly explored source of information on the dynamics of molecular junctions formation. The lifetimes of the high and low conductance states are found to vary between 0.1 ms and 0.1 s.
Phylogeny, diversification patterns and historical biogeography of euglossine orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The orchid bees constitute a clade of prominent insect pollinators distributed throughout the Neotropical region. Males of all species collect fragrances from natural sources, including flowers, decaying vegetation and fungi, and store them in specialized leg pockets to later expose during courtship display. In addition, orchid bees provide pollination services to a diverse array of Neotropical angiosperms when foraging for food and nesting materials. However, despite their ecological importance, little is known about the evolutionary history of orchid bees. Here, we present a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ∼4.0 kb of DNA from four loci [cytochrome oxidase (CO1), elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), arginine kinase (ArgK) and RNA polymerase II (Pol-II)] across the entire tribe Euglossini, including all five genera, eight subgenera and 126 of the approximately 200 known species. We investigated lineage diversification using fossil-calibrated molecular clocks and the evolution of morphological traits using disparity-through-time plots. In addition, we inferred past biogeographical events by implementing model-based likelihood methods. Our dataset supports a new view on generic relationships and indicates that the cleptoparasitic genus Exaerete is sister to the remaining orchid bee genera. Our divergence time estimates indicate that extant orchid bee lineages shared a most recent common ancestor at 27–42 Mya. In addition, our analysis of morphology shows that tongue length and body size experienced rapid disparity bursts that coincide with the origin of diverse genera (Euglossa and Eufriesea). Finally, our analysis of historical biogeography indicates that early diversification episodes shared a history on both sides of Mesoamerica, where orchid bees dispersed across the Caribbean, and through a Panamanian connection, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that recent geological events (e.g. the formation of the isthmus of Panama) contributed to the diversification of the rich Neotropical biota. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 552–572.
Quantitative study of the bronchial bacterial flora in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are commonly clsaracterized by inscreases in dyspnea, cough, and purulent sputum production. The role of bacterial infection in this disease is unclear because of the heterogeneity of the patients studied and the inaccuracy of routine expectorated sputum cultures in characterizing the tracheobronchiah nnicroflora in these patients. ’3 We recently conducted a prospective study of quantitative culture ofthe distal bronchial microflora in acute exacerbalions of clsronsic bronchitis. In 20 patients who required hospital admission because of an acute exacerhation of c’hronic bronchitis, written consent was obtained to perform fiberoptic bronchoscopy and culture of bronchial secretions obtained with a protected brush catheter. None of the patients had received antimicrobial therapy ins thse preceding 15 (lays, and their chest roentgenograms did not show alveolar infiltrates. The brush specimens were placed on agar plates for aerobic culture and were incubated for 48 h in a 5 percent C#{176}2 atmosphere. The results of quantitative cultures of the protected brush specimens are sisown in Table 1. In 18 of the 20 samples (90 percent) some organisms were isolated, and in 15 (75 percent) the concentrations was equal to or greater than 10� colonyforming units (CFU) per specimen. In 14 ofthe 20 samples (70 percent), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haeinophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis organisms were isolated. In 10 cases (55 percent ofthe positive specimens), more than one organism
Maternal Smoking: Effect on Circulating Cell-Free Fetal and Total DNA Levels in Maternal Plasma From the Second Trimester

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether potential clinical applications of cell-free fetal and total DNA in the field of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis need to be adjusted for maternal smoking status. METHODS: In this study, using 344 maternal blood samples from the second trimester of pregnancy, circulating cell-free DNA in maternal plasma samples, specific for the SRY and DYS14 loci (representing fetal DNA) and GAPDH sequence (representing total genomic DNA) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Fetal sex determination was 100% accurate using a combination of probes for SRY and DYS14. The levels of DYS14 and SRY detected were significantly correlated (r=0.884, P<.001). No significant difference was seen between the quantitative levels of cell-free male fetal DNA between the smoking groups and control group. Similarly, no significant difference was seen in the amount of total cell-free DNA in the study population. CONCLUSION: In contrast to first- and second-trimester screening assays for Down syndrome, where smoking status significantly affect levels of maternal serum analytes, smoking status does not affect quantitative levels of cell-free fetal DNA or total cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Inside the sharing economy: Understanding consumer motivations behind the adoption of mobile applications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate what motivates consumers to adopt one of the emerging mobile applications of the sharing economy, ridesharing application. Using social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, this study develops a value adoption model to illustrate important factors that influence adoption of ridesharing applications. Design/methodology/approach Based on prior literature, a quantitative methodology was adopted using a survey questionnaire that allows for the measurement of the nine constructs contained in the hypothesized theoretical model. Data collected from a sample of 314 respondents in Beijing, China provided the foundation for the examination of the proposed relationships in the model. Findings First, the results indicate that self-efficacy is a fundamental factor that has a direct effect on consumers’ perceptions of value and an indirect effect on behavioral intentions. Second, the study demonstrates that functional value, emotional value and social value are critical antecedents of overall perceived value of ridesharing applications. On the other hand, learning effort and risk perception are not significant perceived costs for consumers in adopting ridesharing applications. Research limitations/implications Although typical adopters of internet applications constitute a significant portion of younger consumers, the use of a college student sample in this study may affect the generalizability of the results. Practical implications The findings provide critical insight into consumer motivations behind adoption of ridesharing applications specifically, and for sharing economy platforms in general. Originality/value This study provides important theoretical implications for innovation adoption research through an empirical examination of the relationship between personal, environmental and behavioral factors in a framework of social cognitive theory.
Functional brain networks in epilepsy: recent advances in noninvasive mapping.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epilepsy is one of the most frequent chronic neurological disorders. Recent evidences strongly suggest that epilepsy is due to a dysfunction within an epileptic network, rather than due to the pathological activity of single sources. The aim of this article is to review the recent advances on functional connectivity revealed by noninvasive neuroimaging techniques. RECENT FINDINGS Functional connectivity detected through hemodynamic [functional MRI (fMRI)] and electro-magnetic techniques (EEG/MEG) in patients with epilepsy gives an insight into the physiopathogenesis of epileptic network underlying focal epilepsies and specific epileptic syndromes. An increasing number of studies suggest a relevance for surgical cases, both for localizing the focus and for predicting postsurgical cognitive impairment, based on the interactions between pathological and physiological networks. SUMMARY fMRI and EEG/MEG functional connectivity are complementary techniques and help in identifying the interactions between epileptic activity and physiological networks at different scales. Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric impairment can be explained by such interactions. fMRI and EEG/MEG functional connectivity help in localizing important drivers of epileptic activity and can also help in predicting postsurgical outcome. Given the large number of methods applied, strict validation, mostly obtained in surgical series, is of utmost importance to understand the benefits and limitations of each technique.
"Tell Me about Your Work and I Tell You about Your Knowledge": Constructing Teacher Knowledge Based on Pedagogical Practices.

This study showed how narratives permeate teacher knowledge and are essential to understand teachers' work and learning. It focuses on the characteristics of the teaching profession that are both revealed and constructed in the activity of conversation. The main interest of the study was to reveal new layers of meaning and to uncover interactional relationships involved in them. The study treated teachers' pedagogical knowledge as a broad theoretical concept and as an extended practice. This type of knowledge is characterized as active processes by which teachers perform their duties in situations involving intense social interactions. The study, in which interviews were held with 29 elementary school teachers in Finland, provided a plausible and systematic account of how narrative knowledge construction works. It presents a concrete approach to analyze teachers' narratives, providing step-by-step guidance to uncover and document meaningful patterns of transcribed narrative data. This relational account of pedagogical knowledge construction focuses on the personal, social, and cultural contexts in teachers' working and learning environments. The approach enables teachers better to understand the endeavors in which they are involved. (Contains 1 figure, 2 tables, and 47 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDU ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) . O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality, Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Multi-state memristive nanocrossbar for high-radix computer arithmetic systems

The recent discovery of memristor, a device able to store multi-bit values in a single cell, has renewed the interest for fast arithmetic operations via high-radix numeric systems. This work presents a conceptual solution for CMOS-compatible, high-radix memristive arithmetic logic units (ALUs). The latter, combine CMOS circuitry for data processing with a reconfigurable, multi-level, memristive nanocrossbar memory, which allows the compact, high-radix storage of numbers. Certain modifications introduced to the typical crossbar topology permit the parallel creation of partial products for faster multiplication. High-radix to binary data conversion is performed via a network of comparators. A simulation-based validation of read/write operations from/to a multi-level memristive crossbar was performed using SPICE and a threshold-type model of a voltage-controlled bipolar memristor.
Development of real-time evaluation system for qualitative improvement of awake EEG records

Recording of awake electroencephalogram (EEG) with sufficient quality is crucial for accurate and significant EEG analysis. However, since the EEG recording is time consuming task, to maintain the quality of records enough is not with the ease. Real-time evaluation system was developed to improve the quality of awake EEG records. Possibility for vigilance level decline of subjects and artifacts contamination were taken account of items on evaluating the quality of EEG records. EEG organization was adopted for estimating the deterioration of quality of recorded EEG due to drowsiness. Developed system was applied to the recorded EEG of three normal healthy adults and five patients with neurological disorders. Detected information of possibility for vigilance level decline and artifacts contamination was displayed in real-time during the recording. Results were investigated and were within a satisfactory level. Real-time evaluation system can be used as an effective computer-assisted tool for improving the quality of awake EEG records.
SPECIFIC SUPERSENSITIVITY OF SMOOTH MUSCLE TO ANGIOTENSIN II AFTER NEPHRECTOMY

1 The dose‐response curves for angiotensin, 5‐hydroxytryptamine and carbachol were obtained on rat uterus and colon excised 24 h after a bilateral nephrectomy or a sham operation. 2 There was a shift to the left in the dose‐response curves to angiotensin of organs from nephrectomized animals. Dose‐response curves to 5‐hydroxytryptamine and carbachol were not affected by nephrectomy. 3 The interaction of the two competitive antagonists (1‐Asn, 5‐Ileu, 8‐Ala)‐angiotensin II and (1‐Asn, 5‐Ileu, 8‐Ileu)‐angiotensin II with angiotensin II receptors was tested in control and nephrectomized organs. There was a decrease of the KI values in colon muscle after nephrectomy. 4 In conclusion, nephrectomy produces a specific supersensitivity to angiotensin that seems to be due to a change in the structure of angiotensin receptors, at least in colon smooth muscle. This increase in sensitivity may be the result of the elimination of a tropic factor that acts on angiotensin receptor sites.
There is No Quantum Regression Theorem.

The Onsager regression hypothesis states that the regression of fluctuations is governed by macroscopic equations describing the approach to equilibrium. It is here asserted that this hypothesis fails in the quantum case. This is shown first by explicit calculation for the example of quantum Brownian motion of an oscillator and then in general from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. It is asserted that the correct generalization of the Onsager hypothesis is the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. [S0031-9007(96)00679-5]
Interaction of Wnt/β‐catenin and notch signaling in the early stage of cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells

Notch and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling both play essential roles and interact closely in cardiomyocyte differentiation but the mechanism of interaction is largely unknown. Here we show that activation of Notch signaling in undifferentiated P19CL6 cells promoted cardiac differentiation, indicated by upregulated expression of early cardiac markers and activated the canonical Wnt pathway, suggested by augmented nuclear translocation of β‐catenin. Further activation of the Notch pathway in early differentiating cells (at day 3) inhibited expression of a specific cardiac progenitor marker Islet1 but had no influence on β‐catenin translocation. Notch signaling thus played biphasic roles in the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Unlike Notch signaling, Wnt signaling promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation and activated the Notch pathway in either undifferentiated or early differentiating cells. Additionally, β‐catenin, recombination signal sequence binding protein‐Jkappa (RBP‐Jκ), and Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD‐1) formed a transcriptional complex which was recruited to the Hes1 promoter region, indicating direct transcriptional regulation of Hes1. We thus document a specific reciprocal interaction between these two signaling pathways during early stage cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 629–639, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.