Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bit Model Based Key Management Scheme for Secure Group Communication

For the last decade, researchers have started to focus their interest on Multicast Group Key Management Framework. The central research challenge is secure and efficient group key distribution. The present paper is based on the Bit model based Secure Multicast Group key distribution scheme using the most popular absolute encoder output type code named Gray Code. The focus is of two folds. The first fold deals with the reduction of computation complexity which is achieved in our scheme by performing fewer multiplication operations during the key updating process. To optimize the number of multiplication operations, an O(1) time algorithm to multiply two N-bit binary numbers which could be used in an N x N bit-model of reconfigurable mesh is used in this proposed work. The second fold aims at reducing the amount of information stored in the Group Center and group members while performing the update operation in the key content. Comparative analysis to illustrate the performance of various key distribution schemes is shown in this paper and it has been observed that this proposed algorithm reduces the computation and storage complexity significantly. Our proposed algorithm is suitable for high performance computing environment. Keywords—Multicast Group key distribution, Bit model, Integer Multiplications, reconfigurable mesh, optimal algorithm, Gray Code, Computation Complexity, Storage Complexity.
Roses are Red, Violets are Blue… But Should VQA expect Them To?

Models for Visual Question Answering (VQA) are notorious for their tendency to rely on dataset biases, as the large and unbalanced diversity of questions and concepts involved and tends to prevent models from learning to "reason", leading them to perform "educated guesses" instead. In this paper, we claim that the standard evaluation metric, which consists in measuring the overall in-domain accuracy, is misleading. Since questions and concepts are unbalanced, this tends to favor models which exploit subtle training set statistics. Alternatively, naively introducing artificial distribution shifts between train and test splits is also not completely satisfying. First, the shifts do not reflect real-world tendencies, resulting in unsuitable models; second, since the shifts are handcrafted, trained models are specifically designed for this particular setting, and do not generalize to other configurations. We propose the GQAOOD benchmark designed to overcome these concerns: we measure and compare accuracy over both rare and frequent question-answer pairs, and argue that the former is better suited to the evaluation of reasoning abilities, which we experimentally validate with models trained to more or less exploit biases. In a large-scale study involving 7 VQA models and 3 bias reduction techniques, we also experimentally demonstrate that these models fail to address questions involving infrequent concepts and provide recommendations for future directions of research.
The decision problem for formulas with a small number of atomic subformulas

In this paper we consider classes of quantificational formulas specified by restrictions on the number of atomic subformulas appearing in a formula. Little seems to be known about the decision problem for such classes, except that the class whose members contain at most two distinct atomic subformulas is decidable [2]. (We use “decidable” and “undecidable” throughout with respect to satisfiability rather than validity. All undecidable problems to which we refer are of maximal r.e. degree.) The principal result of this paper is the undecidability of the class of those formulas containing five atomic subformulas and with prefixes of the form ∀∃∀…∀. In fact, we show the undecidability of two sub-classes of this class: one (Theorem 1) consists of formulas whose matrices are in disjunctive normal form with two disjuncts; the other (Corollary 1) consists of formulas whose matrices are in conjunctive normal form with three conjuncts. (Theorem 1 sharpens Orevkov's result [8] that the class of formulas in disjunctive normal form with two disjuncts is undecidable.) A second corollary of Theorem 1 shows the undecidability of the class of formulas with prefixes of the form ∀…∀∃, containing six atomic subformulas, and in conjunctive normal form with three conjuncts. These restrictions to prefixes ∀∃∀…∀ and ∀…∀∃ are optimal. For by a result of the first author [5], any class of prenex formulas obtained by restricting both the number of atomic formulas and the number of universal quantifiers is reducible to a finite class of formulas, and so each such class is decidable; and the class of formulas with prefixes ∃…∃∀…∀ is, of course, decidable.
Thermoluminescence dosimetry and its applications in medicine--Part 2: History and applications.

Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) has been available for dosimetry of ionising radiation for nearly 100 years. The variety of materials and their different physical forms allow the determination of different radiation qualities over a wide range of absorbed dose. This makes TL dosimeters useful in radiation protection where dose levels of microGy are monitored as well as in radiotherapy where doses up to several Gray are to be measured. The major advantages of TL detectors are their small physical size and that no cables or auxiliary equipment is required during the dose assessment. Therefore TLD is a good method for point dose measurements in phantoms as well as for in vivo dosimetry on patients during radiotherapy treatment. As an integrative dosimetric technique, it can be applied to personal dosimetry and it lends itself to the determination of dose distributions due to multiple or moving radiation sources (e.g. conformal and dynamic radiotherapy, computed tomography). In addition, TL dosimeters are easy to transport, and they can be mailed. This makes them well suited for intercomparison of doses delivered in different institutions. The present article aims at describing the various applications TLD has found in medicine by taking into consideration the physics and practice of TLD measurements which have been discussed in the first part of this review (Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 17: 175-199, 1994).
Cloud Resource Adaptive Scheduling Framework and Optimization Strategy Based on Swarm Intelligence

Resource scheduling framework is very important for the overall cloud service efficiency and service quality,which is the core module of cloud computing. This paper proposes an adaptive cloud computing resource scheduling framework based on swarm intelligence. The proposed adaptive framework includes resource deployment module, scheduling module, recommendation module, optimization module, and monitoring module.The simulation results show that the proposed framework is more efficient than the traditional framework in terms of task execution time, system load balancing and resource service quality, and can improve the service quality of cloud applications while improving resource utilization.
Electrocardiographic waveform analysis for predicting the success of defibrillation

A new electrocardiographic predictor of the likelihood that an electrical shock would restore a perfusing rhythm is described. The intent was to develop a prognosticator that would be displayed during precordial compression. We anticipated that such a predictor would allow more selective timing of electrical shocks and reduce electrical injury to the myocardium caused by repetitive shocks. In a porcine model of cardiac arrest because of ventricular fibrillation, electrocardiographic recordings of ventricular fibrillation wavelets were analyzed and transformed into an amplitude spectrum area (AMSA). An AMSA value of 21 mV·Hz predicted restoration of perfusing rhythm with a positive predictive value equivalent to that of coronary perfusion pressure. More important, the negative predictive value that a shock would fail to reestablish spontaneous circulation was 96%. AMSA, therefore, has the potential for guiding optimal timing of defibrillation.
The Allelopathic Potential of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) Mulch

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) has been recognized as a good candidate for weed suppressive mulch in organic no-till cropping systems. In our study, the allelopathic potential of hairy vetch, fall rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (extracted species) were evaluated at both vegetative and reproductive developmental stages (extract stage) based on the germination and radicle elongation of five response species using aqueous extracts in soil microcosms. Our study found hairy vetch shoot extract to have little allelopathic potential compared to fall rye or winter wheat, both species for which the allelopathic potential is well documented. Interestingly, hairy vetch was the only extracted species to increase in allelopathic suppression of radicle elongation at the reproductive stage when plant biomass is near maximum. This result was conceivably due to the increased concentration of the putative allelochemical cyanamide in reproductive tissue. Chemical inhibition of radicle elongation in this extract, however, was only observed in the domesticated response species wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.). The allelopathic effect on germination varied and depended on extracted species, extract stage, and response species; whereas the effect on radicle elongation was similar among extracted species, yet unique within response species. This research demonstrated that allelopathy studies should include multiple allelopathic and response species to accurately quantify the magnitude of chemical effects among allelopathic species and to rule out potential phytotoxic chemical defense/detoxification mechanisms that exist in some response species.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in reactive arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To study the occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in reactive arthritis (ReA). METHODS Sera from 22 patients with ReA were analyzed by ELISA for the presence of autoantibodies (IgG and IgA) against a proteinase-3 containing azurophilic granule extract ("alpha-antigen") from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoferrin (Lf), respectively. Rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and HLA-B27 were also tested. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum levels of C-reactive protein were used to assess disease activity. The patients were divided into acute or chronic (> 1 year) disease. RESULTS 12/22 patients (55%) had IgG ANCA (7 had MPO ANCA, 8 had Lf ANCA, and 4 had alpha-ANCA). Eight patients (36%) had IgA ANCA. One serum was positive only for IgA ANCA. 18/21 patients (86%) were HLA-B27 positive, and none had RF or ANA. The triggering infection was Chlamydia trachomatis in 6 cases. Campylobacter jejuni in 6, Yersinia enterocolitica in 4. In 6 patients the causative microorganism could not be determined. ANCA was more prevalent in chronic disease (6/7, 82%) compared to acute (7/15, 47%). No obvious correlation was seen between ANCA and disease activity. CONCLUSION ANCA, predominantly those reacting with Lf and/or MPO preparations, are common in ReA.
[Endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonid injection--a case report].

PURPOSE To report a case of acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 54-year-old woman with diabetic macular edema developed endophthalmitis after triamcinolone injection. First she was treated with intravitreal antibiotic injections and next with four surgeries--facovitrectomy, revitrectomy, silicone oil removal and revitrectomy. RESULTS The initial visual acuity was 0.5. From the vitreous cultured Staphylococcus epidermidis. Depite the intensive medical intervention, the toxic retinal damage occurred and the final visual acuity was hand movement. CONCLUSIONS intravitreal triamcinolone injections can induce bacterial endophthalmitis, which has a devastating effect on the ocular tissues and results in severe loss of vision. The procedure of injection in diabetic and immunocompromised patients should be performed with great care.
The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of inflammation, infection and post‐infectious sequelae

The literature dealing with the biochemical basis of bacteriolysis and its role in inflammation, infection and in post‐infectious sequelae is reviewed and discussed. Bacteriolysis is an event that may occur when normal microbial multiplication is altered due to an uncontrolled activation of a series of autolytic cell‐wall breaking enzymes (muramidases). While a low‐level bacteriolysis sometimes occurs physiologically, due to “mistakes” in cell separation, a pronounced cell wall breakdown may occur following bacteriolysis induced either by beta‐lactam antibiotics or by a large variety of bacteriolysis‐inducing cationic peptides. These include spermine, spermidine, bactericidal peptides defensins, bacterial permeability increasing peptides from neutrophils, cationic proteins from eosinophils, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, the highly cationic proteinases elastase and cathepsins, PLA2, and certain synthetic polyamino acids. The cationic agents probably function by deregulating lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in Gram‐positive bacteria and phospholipids in Gram‐negative bacteria, the presumed regulators of the autolytic enzyme systems (muramidases). When bacteriolysis occurs in vivo, cell‐wall‐ and ‐membrane‐associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS (endotoxin)), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PPG), are released. These highly phlogistic agents can act on macrophages, either individually or in synergy, to induce the generation and release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, cytotoxic cytokines, hydrolases, proteinases, and also to activate the coagulation and complement cascades. All these agents and processes are involved in the pathophysiology of septic shock and multiple organ failure resulting from severe microbial infections. Bacteriolysis induced in in vitro models, either by polycations or by beta‐lactams, could be effectively inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides, by D‐amino acids as well as by certain anti‐bacteriolytic antibiotics. However, within phagocytic cells in inflammatory sites, bacteriolysis tends to be strongly inhibited presumably due to the inactivation by oxidants and proteinases of the bacterial muramidases. This might results in a long persistence of non‐biodegradable cell‐wall components causing granulomatous inflammation. However, persistence of microbial cell walls in vivo may also boost innate immunity against infections and against tumor‐cell proliferation. Therapeutic strategies to cope with the deleterious effects of bacteriolysis in vivo include combinations of autolysin inhibitors with combinations of certain anti‐inflammatory agents. These might inhibit the synergistic tissue‐ and‐ organ‐damaging “cross talks” which lead to septic shock and to additional post‐infectious sequelae.
Nucleotide sequence of the wheat mitochondrial gene for subunit I of cytochrome oxidase.

The sequence of the wheat mltochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) predicts a hydrophoblc protein of 524 amlno acids that shows strong similarity to those of maize (99% nucleotide identity), soybean (94%) and Oenothera (93%). Nine of the 30 nucleotide differences seen between the wheat and maize COI genes (arrowheads) lead to amlno acid substitutions, many of which occur at the carboxy-terminus. The wheat COI protein is predicted to be four residues shorter than that of maize. No sequence conservation Is observed downstream of the coding region. However, upstream of the COI gene, scattered homology is seen between wheat and maize, and at a lower level with soybean (boxed). A 29bp direct repeat precedes that block in wheat (underlined). The wheat COI gene Is a single-copy gene and RNA blot analysis shows a single major transcript of approximately 2.2kb. We thank L.A. Grivell for the yeast COI gene probe used to Isolate the wheat gene and acknowledge the support of MRC and NSERC Canada.
Odd p isotope In: Measurement of -induced reactions

One of the few p nuclei with an odd number of protons is In-113. Reaction cross sections of In-113(alpha,gamma)Sb-117 and In-113(alpha,n)Sb-116 have been measured with the activation method at center-of-mass energies between 8.66 and 13.64 MeV, close to the astrophysically relevant energy range. The experiments were carried out at the cyclotron accelerator of ATOMKI. The activities were determined by off-line detection of the decay gamma rays with a HPGe detector. Measured cross sections and astrophysical S factor results are presented and compared with statistical model calculations using three different alpha+nucleus potentials. The comparison indicates that the standard rates used in the majority of network calculations for these reactions were too fast due to the energy dependence of the optical alpha potential at low energy.
Co-regulation and functional cooperativity of FOXM1 and RHNO1 bidirectional genes in ovarian cancer

We report that the oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 is arranged in a head-to-head configuration with RHNO1, a gene involved in the ATR/CHK1-dependent DNA replication stress (DRS) response. FOXM1 and RHNO1 are both amplified and upregulated in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). FOXM1 and RHNO1 expression are closely associated in normal and cancer tissues, including single cells, and a bidirectional promoter (F/R-BDP) mediates balanced expression. Targeting of FOXM1 and RHNO1 in HGSC cells using shRNA, CRISPR mutagenesis, or CRISPR interference directed to the F/R-BDP reduced DNA homologous recombination repair (HR) capacity, increased DNA damage, reduced clonogenic survival, and sensitized HGSC cells to the poly-ADP ribosylase inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib. Thus, there is functional cooperativity between FOXM1 and RHNO1 in cancer cells, and combinatorial targeting of this bidirectional gene pair may be a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. More broadly, our data provide evidence that bidirectional gene units function in human cancer.
Effect of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 on chicken embryos

Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome produce toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST1). This toxin has a variety of biological effects, including enhanced lethality in rabbits in the presence of sublethal amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because chicken embryos are highly susceptible to LPS, the synergistic effect of TSST1 and LPS was examined in this system. Although TSST1 per se had no effect on chicken embryos, it potentiated the lethal effect of LPS. The 50% lethal dose of LPS was greatly reduced in the presence of up to 10 micrograms of TSST1 per ml. However, at high doses of TSST1 (greater than 100 micrograms/ml), no enhanced lethality was observed. The lowest dose of TSST1 tested which potentiated lethality was 10 ng/ml.
Compiler-Directed Collective-I/O

Current approaches to parallel I/O demand extensive user effort to obtain acceptable performance. This is in part due to difficulties in understanding the characteristics of a wide variety of I/O devices and in part due to inherent complexity of I/O software. While parallel I/O systems provide users with environments where persistent data sets can be shared between parallel processors, the ultimate performance of I/O-intensive codes depends largely on the relation between data access patterns exhibited by parallel processors and storage patterns of data in files and on disks. In cases where access patterns and storage patterns match, we can exploit parallel I/O hardware by allowing each processor to perform independent parallel I/O. In order to keep performance decent under circumstances in which data access patterns and storage patterns do not match, several I/O optimization techniques have been developed in recent years. Collective I/O is such an optimization technique that enables each processor to do I/O on behalf of other processors if doing so improves the overall performance. While it is generally accepted that collective I/O and its variants can bring impressive improvements as far as the I/O performance is concerned, it is difficult for the programmer to use collective I/O in an optimal manner. We propose and evaluate a compiler-directed collective I/O approach which detects the opportunities for collective I/O and inserts the necessary I/O calls in the code automatically. An important characteristic of the approach is that instead of applying collective I/O indiscriminately, it uses collective I/O selectively only in cases where independent parallel I/O would not be possible or would lead to an excessive number of I/O calls. The approach involves compiler-directed access pattern and storage pattern detection schemes that work on a multiple application environment. We have implemented the necessary algorithms in a source-to-source translator and within a stand-alone tool Our experimental results on an SGI/Cray Origin 2000 multiprocessor machine demonstrate that our compiler-directed collective I/O scheme performs very well on different setups built using nine applications from several scientific benchmarks. We have also observed that the I/O performance of our approach is only 5.23 percent worse than an optimal scheme.