Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Risk Distribution by Socio-economic Status and Educational Level of Thai Households: Who Smoke and Drink More? (บุหรี่และสุรา ความแตกต่างของปัจจัยทางสุขภาพ ระหว่างครัวเรือนไทยที่มีเศรษฐานะและระดับการศึกษาที่แตกต่างกัน)

Tobacco and alcohol remained the two majoi contributors to Disable Adjusted Life Year ( DALY ) loss as evident by the 1999 and 2004 Burden of Diseases Study. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, and household expenditure on tobacco, alcohol, and health across different educational levels and income quintiles. The study analyzed two Majoi nationally household surveys conducted by the National Statistical Office, the health and Welfare Survey for 2544, 2546 and 2549 (B.E.) and Households Socioeconomic Survey for 2545, 2547 and 2549 (B.E.) Results revealed a negative correlation of cigarette smoking between those in the lower and higher educational levels, and between the poorer and higher income quintiles. The inequitable indexes (ratio of prevalence between the first and the fifth income quintiles, and between the lowest and the highest educational levels) of risk exposure to tobacco increased over the period of 2544 to 2549, indicating those with limited education and the poor did not benefit from government campaigns against tobacco. In contrast, the inequitable indexes of risk exposure to alcohol shown and impact of the government campaigns on highly educated people, but no different impact on those in different income quintiles. It was likely that benefits from the campaigns against tobacco were mostly yielded to the richer and higher income groups, while there might be no difference of benefits gained from the campaigns against alcohol among those with different income categories In addition, of the total household consumption expenditure, around 6 to 7.5 percent were for alcohol, 2 to 4 percent for tobacco, and 2-4 percent for healthcare. Household spending on these hazardous goods was 4-8 percent higher than that on healthcare Urgent revisit of effective policy interventions for alcohol consumption control was proposed. This includes demand and supply side interventions, especially on taxation and price policy due to income and price elasticity of tobacco and alcohol. Control of accessibility to alcohol should include hours of sale, minimum purchasing age, prohibit of alcohol sale and consumption in high-risk situations, and drunk-driving breath testing. In addition, more extensive analyses can be most beneficial if the national household surveys include questions on frequency and volume of household alcohol consumption. Key works: inequity in health, health risk behavior, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption
Brain, Behavior and Immunity Inflammatory markers of CHMP2B mediated frontotemporal dementia

Mutations in the CHMP2B gene cause a behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) of autosomal dominant inheritance. The disease is most extensively described in the large Danish cohort known as the FTD-3 family. Although recognized as a disease of endolysosomal dysfunction, animal models have suggested an inflammatory component in the pathomechanism of disease. Early histopathology studies have found activated microglia in the brains of deceased FTD-3 patients, further suggesting a neuroinflammatory process. In this cross-sectional study of the Danish FTD-3 family, serum and cerebrospinal fluid were analyzed for inflammatory and microglial markers in CHMP2 mutation carriers and in non-carriers as controls. Apart from the CHMP2B gene, the cohort was considered genetically homogenous. Kruskal-Wallis analyses found no differences in 30 biomarkers in the CSF, while serum levels of CCL4 were increased early and throughout life in CHMP2B mutation carriers. In a novel approach of correlating biomarkers to disease burden, serum levels of IL-15, CXCL10, CCL22 and TNF-α were found significantly associated with cognitive decline, suggesting a circulating inflammatory response to the CHMP2B mediated neurodegeneration. CSF levels of sTREM2 appeared to increase more rapidly with age in CHMP2B mutation carriers than in controls, emphasizing the role of TREM2 as an early response to neurodegeneration. Establishing an inflammatory profile has proved difficult in sporadic as well as genetic FTD. Though failing to identify a specific intrathecal inflammatory response in CHMP2B mutation carriers, the identification of a circulating inflammatory response to disease progression supports the impression of an inflammatory component in FTD-3.
Surgical treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease

Abstract Cerebral ischemia is a well-recognized cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. Moyamoya disease, first described in 1957 by Takeuchi and Shimizu, is an idiopathic chronic vasculopathy that often presents with ischemia. Moyamoya syndrome presents with similar clinical manifestations and disease progression but may occur unilaterally or in the setting of a predisposing condition. Both direct and indirect revascularization procedures have proven to be efficacious for pediatric moyamoya patients.
COMPARISON OF DEPRESSION IN POST-PARTUM WOMEN IN FIRST AND FOURTH WEEK AND MARRIED BUT NEVER PREGNANT WOMEN

To study the risk and prevalence of depression in post-partum period and compare it with the control population (married women and were never pregnant). Procedure of study: 100 postpartum women were randomly selected and administered SCL-90, HAMD, SCID-I at week one and four. 100 married never pregnant women were selected randomly as control population. The scores obtained were compared using chi-square test, ODDS ratio and relative risk was calculated. Results: Comparison SCL90, HAMD and SCID scores in 1 st week postpartum and married never pregnant resulted in conclusion that pregnant women significantly higher risk and prevalence of depression Results HAMD also suggested that severity depressed increased from 1 st week postpartum 4 th week post-partum. The relative risk of developing depression postpartum period ranged from 2-4. Conclusion: Postpartum period significant risk factor for depression and hence actively screened and treated for the betterment child and
Dental Visit, Dental Diseases, and Dental Therapist Pattern in The Implementation of NHI at Private Clinics

Introduction: Since 2014 through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program, the pattern of health financing in Indonesia has been changed, in the first level health facilities (FKTP), from the fee for service payment to capitation payments system. Reports from the Public Health Office of Yogyakarta City showed that in 2014 there was an increased in basic dental services in the city of Yogyakarta by 68.01% from 2013. The Firdaus Pratama Clinic Yogyakarta is a primary clinic with medical and dental services as one of the providers of the JKN program since 2015. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the national health insurance program in dentistry at Firdaus Pratama Clinic, Yogyakarta. Methods: The type of this research was descriptive observational study, with the method used in the form of secondary data observation. Secondary data was obtained through electronic medical records at Firdaus Pratama Clinic. This research was conducted at the Firdaus Pratama Clinic in Yogyakarta which has been working with BPJS since 2015. Results: The number of participants and the number of dental visits at the Firdaus Pratama Clinic continued to increase. The 3 diagnoses in dental services at the Firdaus Pratama Clinic that frequently found in the form of consultation were necrosis of pulp, dental caries, and pulpitis. Conclusion: The category of dental visits at Firdaus Pratama Clinic was high, which found more than 2% utilization based on the number of participants and dental visits
Multimorbidity in Axial Spondyloarthropathy and Its Association with Disease Outcomes: Results from the Ankylosing Spondylitis Registry of Ireland Cohort

Objective. Multimorbidity, the coexistence of 2 or more conditions in an individual, is associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population. This study aims to describe the prevalence of multimorbidity in axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA) and assess its association with disease outcome measures. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the Ankylosing Spondylitis Registry of Ireland (ASRI) cohort. Structured standardized assessment was performed. Multimorbidity was considered as the presence of at least 1 physician-diagnosed chronic condition (excluding extraarticular manifestations) in addition to axSpA. Validated outcome measures were collected: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), AS Quality of Life (ASQoL), and Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI). Adjusted multiple regression was performed to investigate the association between multimorbidity and disease outcomes. Results. A total of 734 patients from 12 centers were included: 77% male, mean (SD) age 45 (12) years. Of the cohort, 55% (n = 403) were multimorbid. Multimorbid patients were significantly (p < 0.01) older than axSpA-only patients [50 (12) vs 40 (11) yrs]. Obesity was the most prevalent chronic condition, affecting 27%. Multimorbid patients had more severe disease than patients with axSpA only. After adjusting for confounders, multimorbidity was associated with higher BASDAI (ß 0.7, 95% CI 0.34–1.05), BASMI (ß 0.45, 95% CI 0.09–0.80), BASFI (ß 0.5, 95% CI 0.23–0.78), HAQ (ß 0.07, 95% CI 0.00–0.13), and ASQoL (ß 0.87, 95% CI 0.28–1.46). Conclusion. Multimorbidity is prevalent in axSpA and is associated with more severe disease.
A phase IIb study to determine the safety and efficacy of candidate INfluenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 in combination with licensed Ina CTivated infl Uenza vaccine in adult S aged 65 years and above (INVICTUS): a study protocol

Seasonal influenza has a significant annual global impact. Current influenza vaccines work by inducing strain-specific antibodies against the highly polymorphic surface proteins of the influenza virus and need to be redesigned every year, increasing their cost and limiting availability. There is a demand for a more efficacious vaccine, particularly in older adults in which the current vaccines show poor efficacy. The aim is to investigate a novel vaccine, MVA-NP+M1, which targets T cell responses to the nucleoprotein and matrix 1 core proteins of the influenza virus A, which are highly conserved, and therefore may provide long protection against a broad range of influenza strains. INVICTUS is a phase IIb study to determine the safety and efficacy of candidate INfluenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 in combination with licensed Ina CTivated infl Uenza vaccine in adult S aged 65 years and above is a randomised, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-centre phase IIb efficacy study planned for 2030 volunteers aged 65 and over, in primary care. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of MVA-NP+M1 co-administered with licensed inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults ≥65 years. Participants complete daily diaries to record solicited and unsolicited events in the first four weeks post vaccination, and influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms and severity throughout the influenza season. We hypothesise an improvement in the primary outcome, a reduction in the average number of days spent with moderate or severe influenza-like illness during periods of influenza circulation, in the group administered with MVA-NP+M1, compared to those in the control group. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03300362. Protocol version: INVICTUS Protocol v3.0, 08 June06 2018.
The Efficacy of Intravenous versus Subcutaneous Recombinant Erythropoietin in Obese African-African Patients in a Southeast U.S. Dialysis Cohort

Aims: To correct renal anemia, subcutaneous (SC) route of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) administration has been associated with increased efficacy and decreased dose requirements, when compared with intravenous (IV) route. The effect of obesity as a potential modifier during rhuEPO administration has not been well explored. Study Design: Single-center, Longitudinal Cohort Study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Mississippi Medical Center Outpatient Dialysis Unit, between February and November of 2009. Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(1): 184-193, 2014 185 Methodology: We performed IV to SC rhuEPO conversion for 86 in-center dialysis patients and, following a six-month equilibration period, we monitored outcomes over a period of three months. We obtained baseline demographic parameters, calculated Body Mass Index (BMI) and monitored iron saturation, ferritin, hemoglobin (Hgb) along with rhuEPO requirements. Patients were divided into 3 categories based on BMI [ 35 (n= 21) kg/m]. Results are reported either as percents, means with SD or median with 25-75% interquartile range, as appropriate. Results: The cohort was all African-American, 48.8% male, aged 54.7 (13.3) years and BMI calculated at 29.9 (7.4) kg/m. Baseline iron saturation was 24 (10.6)%, ferritin measured 641 (277) ng/mL. Hgb remained unchanged during the observation period: 11.1 (1.3) vs. 11.2 (1.3) gm/dL. Initial rhuEPO weekly dose for the entire cohort was 19,729 (17,448) Units/week (U/week); final dose 17,482 (14,860) U/week, with close correlation between initial and final doses (r: 0.653, P<0.0001). Weekly rhuEPO dose remained virtually unchanged in BMI categories 1 and 2 [13,927 (10,938) vs. 13,297 (10,247) U/week; 20,684 (15,788) vs. 20,997 (17.917)] (P=NS for both) but decreased in the category 3: 25,459 (24,403) vs. 16,444 (12,749) (P=0.081). However, BMI had no independent effect in linear regression modeling with multiple covariates (age, BMI, iron saturation, ferritin) included. Conclusion: Obesity may affect relative efficacy of rhuEPO conversion; additional studies may be needed.
EXTENSÃO ISOMÉTRICA DO TRONCO: análise da recuperação de parâmetros eletromiográficos

O Teste de Sorensen tem sido um dos metodos mais utilizados para a avaliacao da musculatura lombar. Entretanto, o conhecimento do tempo necessario para a recuperacao dos musculos envolvidos nesse teste, o que e imprescindivel para aplicacao de protocolos de treinamento e reabilitacao, permanece desconhecido na literatura. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperacao de parâmetros eletromiograficos (root mean square – RMS e frequencia mediana – FM) dos musculos multifido e iliocostal lombar nos niveis vertebrais de L4-L5 e L2-L1 respectivamente e avaliar o efeito da lateralidade nessas variaveis. Para isso, 10 voluntarias do sexo feminino (idade de 22,22 ± 3,19 anos) realizaram a extensao isometrica do tronco ate a exaustao a 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% da contracao isometrica voluntaria maxima. Por meio de um modulo de aquisicao de sinais biologicos e de um software calibrado com frequencia de amostragem de 1000 Hz, obtiveram-se os valores de RMS e FM de 8 contracoes submaximas com duracao de 5 segundos (exercidas antes e 30 segundos; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; 5; 10; 15 e 20 minutos apos o termino da contracao de exaustao). A analise estatistica (Teste de Variância de Friedman) nao demonstrou diferencas nos valores de RMS e FM entre as contracoes submaximas em nenhuma das porcentagens de tracao (p > 0,05). Portanto, esses resultados podem ser utilizados como parâmteros do tempo de recuperacao de variaveis eletromiograficas em individuos normais apos contracoes isometricas da coluna lombar.
Brighter-fatter Effect in Near-infrared Detectors. I. Theory of Flat Autocorrelations

Weak gravitational lensing studies aim to measure small distortions in the shapes of distant galaxies, thus placing very tight demands on the understanding of detector-induced systematic effects in astronomical images. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope will carry out weak lensing measurements in the near-infrared using the new Teledyne H4RG-10 detector arrays, which makes the range of possible detector systematics very different from traditional weak lensing measurements using optical CCDs. One of the nonlinear detector effects observed in CCDs is the brighter-fatter effect (BFE), in which charge already accumulated in a pixel alters the electric field geometry and causes new charge to be deflected away from brighter pixels. Here we describe the formalism for measuring the BFE using flat-field correlation functions in infrared detector arrays. The autocorrelation of CCD flat fields is often used to measure the BFE, but because the infrared detector arrays are read out with the charge “in place,” the flat-field correlations are dominated by capacitive cross-talk between neighboring pixels (the interpixel capacitance, or IPC). Conversely, if the BFE is present and one does not account for it, it can bias correlation measurements of the IPC and photon transfer curve measurements of the gain. We show that one can compute numerous cross-correlation functions between different time slices of the same flat exposures, and that correlations due to IPC and BFE leave distinct imprints. We generate a suite of simulated flat fields and show that the underlying IPC and BFE parameters can be extracted, even when both are present in the simulation. There are some biases in the BFE coefficients up to 12%, which are likely caused by higher-order terms that are dropped from this analysis. The method is applied to laboratory data in the companion Paper II.
Immunocell Therapy for Lung Cancer: Dendritic Cell Based Adjuvant Therapy in Mouse Lung Cancer Model

The anti-tumor therapeutic effect of autologous tumor cell lysate pulseddendritic cells (DCs) was studied for non-immunogenic and immune suppressive lung cancer model. To test the possibility as an adjuvant therapy, minimal residual disease model was considered in mouse in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic 3LL lung cancer cells were inoculated intravenously into the C57BL/6 mouse. Autologous tumor cell (3LL) or allogeneic leukemia cell (WEHI-3) lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, tumor formation in the lung and the tumor-specific systemic immunity were observed. Tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-γ secretion were analyzed for the immune monitoring. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with tumor cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor formation was suppressed in 3LL tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC treated group, while 3LL-specific immune stimulation was minimum. WEHI-3-specific immune stimulation occurred in WEHI-3 lysate-pulsed DC treated group, which had no correlation with tumor regression. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs as an adjuvant therapy for minimal residual disease state of lung cancer. The significance of immune modulation in DC therapy including the possible involvement of NK cell as well as antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell activity induction was discussed.
Conditionally active STAT1 and its functional role in tumor progression and invasion

1825 The signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT1 is activated in breast carcinomas and a recent microarray study by our group suggested a potential involvement of STAT1 in the onset of bone marrow micrometastasis in breast cancer patients (1). We have now conducted the first functional experiments to unravel the precise role of STAT1 in breast cancer micrometastasis. It is known that increased gene expression of the latent cytoplasmic transcription factor STAT1 does not automatically lead to a transcriptional activation of target genes. STAT1 must be phosphorylated which triggers the dimerisation of STAT1 monomers and enables then the translocation of the homodimers into the nucleus to initiate DNA binding and gene expression. Therefore we used conditionally active STAT1 by fusing STAT1 with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the oestrogen receptor (ER). The resulting STAT1-ERLBD chimeras were transfected into the oestrogen receptor- negative, low invasive mammary carcinoma cell line MDA-MB468. Western Blot analyses and immunocytochemical stainings with an ERLBD specific antibody confirmed the expression of the STAT1-ERLBD chimera. 10-5 to 10-8M oestrogen stimulation in the STAT1-ERLBD expressing MDA-MB468 cells as measured by luciferase reporter assays using the STAT1-inducible reporter GAS-luc resulted in a 5-8 fold activation of the reporter. Using this inducible system active STAT1 was associated with a reduced proliferation rate but had no influence on the invasive properties of the analysed breast cancer cells, as shown by in vitro invasion assays (Boyden Chamber assays). In conclusion, the established experimental model system allows the in-depth investigation of the role of STAT1 activation in breast cancer cells. STAT1 appears to be a negative regulator of cell proliferation and might therefore be a candidate for an inducer of tumor cell dormancy, a hallmark of micrometastatic cancer cells (2). References 1. Woelfle, U. , Cloos, J., Sauter, G. , Riethdorf, L. , Janicke, F. , van Diest, P., Brakenhoff, R. , and Pantel, K. Molecular signature associated with bone marrow micrometastasis in human breast cancer. Cancer Res, 63: 5679-5684, 2003. 2. Pantel, K. and Brakenhoff, R. H. Dissecting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Cancer, 4: 448-456, 2004.
The efficacy of a seizure assessment risk tool in predicting occurrence of tonic-clonic seizures

Background: Previous research has identified that the occurrence of a Global Tonic Clonic Seizure (GTCS) is a high risk factor for serious injury or death within the epilepsy population. Fast intervention during a GTCS accompanied by EEG suppression is needed to reduce the risk of serious injury or death. Research has suggested that intervention should optimally occur within 50 seconds of EEG suppression commencing. Identifying patients who are at greatest risk of GTCS could enable targeted monitoring of patients and facilitate quicker intervention. However, at this time there are no specific guidelines for risk assessment in regards to risk of GTCS. The William Quarrier’s Scottish Epilepsy Centre (SEC) developed a Seizure Assessment Risk Score (SARS) tool for use in Video Telemetry (VT) epilepsy units based on risk factors highlighted by previous research. The SARS was implemented with all new admissions to the SEC and data was collected on seizure activity through routine clinical practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the SARS tool at predicting the occurrence of GTCS activity in patients admitted to the SEC. Methods: Seizure activity data and daily SARS scores were collected from 37 patients admitted to the SEC over an 8 month period. The data were then explored to determine if there was a predictive relationship between higher SARS scores and GTCS occurrence. Results: Data from 37 patients indicated that there was no significant relationship between higher scores on the SARS and the incidence of GTCS. The current SARS tool does not appear to adequately differentiate between those patients who do experience a GTCS during their admission to the VT unit and those who do not. Conclusion: The study highlights that the SARS tool requires further development to ensure that patients are adequately assessed for risk of experiencing a GTCS. While the majority of the sample was rated ‘high risk’ according to the SARS tool, the incidence of GTCS was in fact relatively low. The study also discusses the difficulties surrounding risk assessing an already specialised and clinically risky population.