Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EffEct of PRD iRRigation mEthoD anD Potassium fER tilizER aPPlication on coRn yiElD anD w atER usE EfficiEncy

BAhrAni, A. , J. PourrezA, A. MAdAni and F. AMiri, 2012. effect of Prd irrigation method and potassium fertilizer application on corn yield and water use efficiency. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 616-625 Innovations for saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency are of paramount impor tance in water-scarce regions. Therefore, to see how restricted irrigation systems and different potassium fertilizer affect water use efficiency and yield of corn, an experiment was conducted in an arid area in Khuzestan, Iran in 2011. A split-plot experi mental design was used, based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three irrigation methods: FI (full irrigation), variable and fixed partial root zoon drying (PRD-V and PRD-F). Each subplot received three rates of K fertilizer application: 0, 150 or 300 kg ha -1 . The results showed that the plots receiving the full irrigation resulted in significantly higher grain yields, 1000-kernel weight and grain number per cob than both PRD treatments. However, the highest WUE and IWUE were obtained in PRD-V and 300 kg K ha -1 and the lowest one was found in the Fi treatment and 0 kg K ha -1 . Potassium application increased RWC and grain protein percent in PRD-V and PRD-V than FI treatment. Full irrigation and Prd-F treatments produced the lowest and the highest ABA concentration at any potassium levels.
Lack of clinical trial data transparency and current solutions

An ongoing challenge in clinical research is the inaccessibility of clinical trial data, which prevents physicians from making an informed decision with regards to patient care. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) recently called for all trial data to be registered and made publically available. However, this issue is still ongoing and there are several measures currently being enforced to rectify these concerns. Potential solutions, such as regulations, campaigns, and possible conse- quences, for increasing transparency in clinical trial data will be discussed. RESUME L’inaccessibilite des donnees provenant d’essais cliniques constitue un defi constant en recherche clinique, puisqu’elle empeche les medecins de prendre des decisions eclairees quant aux soins de leurs patients. Recemment, le Secretariat americain aux produits alimentaires et pharmaceutiques (FDA) ainsi que l’Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) ont demande que toutes les donnees d’essais cliniques soient enregistrees et mises a la disposition du public. Toutefois, ce probleme persiste et plusieurs mesures ont ete mises en place pour repondre a ces preoccupations. Des solutions possibles dont des reglementations, des campagnes et des sanctions possibles pour ameliorer la transparence en ce qui concerne les donnees d’essais cliniques seront discutees.
Historical wealth accounts for Britain: progress and puzzles in measuring the sustainability of economic growth

Estimates of Britain’s comprehensive wealth are reported for the period 1760–2000. They include measures of produced, natural, and human capital, and illustrate the changing composition of Britain’s assets over this time period. We show how genuine savings, GS (a year-on-year measure of the change in total capital and a claimed indicator of sustainable development) has evolved over time. Changes in total wealth are compared to alternative, investment-based measures of GS, including variants augmented with the value of exogenous technology. Additionally, the possible effects of population change on wealth, and the implications of including carbon-dioxide emissions in natural capital are considered.
Gravitational Lensing as a Probe of Cold Dark Matter Subhalos

In the cold dark matter scenario, dark matter halos are assembled hierarchically from smaller subunits. Some of these subunits are disrupted during the merging process, whereas others survive temporarily in the form of subhalos. A long-standing problem with this picture is that the number of subhalos predicted by simulations exceeds the number of luminous dwarf galaxies seen in the vicinity of large galaxies like the Milky Way. Many of the subhalos must therefore have remained dark or very faint. If cold dark matter subhalos are as common as predicted, gravitational lensing may in principle offer a promising route to detection. In this paper, we describe the many ways through which lensing by subhalos can manifest itself, and summarize the results from current efforts to constrain the properties of cold dark matter subhalos using such effects.
The Effects of Generative Concept Map on Science Learning Achievement and Cognitive Load

This study investigated the effect of generative concept maps according to learning achievements and cognitive load. A total of 78 students in the first grade of middle school participated in this study. Before the experimental treatment was implemented, students had to fill out a questionnaire assessing prior knowledge. The study was designed where all the students were presented the same learning contents regarding photosynthesis; however, the two experimental groups were provided with different concept map methods: a learner-generative concept map (GCM) and an instructor-provided concept map (PCM). GCM students were instructed to study in small groups in order to read the material and collaborate on a concept map. PCM students were instructed to study in small groups in order to read the material; however, they were provided a concept map developed by their teacher. The control group (CG) had the teacher present the learning contents in traditional lecture form. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the achievements among the groups. CG showed higher achievement than both the experimental groups. There was also a significant difference in cognitive load. Although the GCM group did not obtain higher achievement than the other groups, the GCM group showed higher mental effort and lower physical fatigue than the other groups. The GCM group might have invested more effort to find and connect ideas when drawing their concept map with peers which is unlike the conditions for the PCM group and CG. In conclusion, we should consider applying GCM in teaching and learning design in order to increase learning achievement and decrease extraneous cognitive load.
Spatial patterns and temporal trends in the fishery landings of the Messolonghi-Etoliko lagoon system (western Greek coast)*

SUMMARY: The Messolonghi-Etoliko lagoon is one of the largest lagoon system in the northern Mediterranean coast. This area contains six clearly distinct lagoons with different topographic and hydrological features. The fishery landings of the lagoons are based on the ontogenic and seasonal migrations of the species. The total annual fishery landings of the barrier fish traps are estimated as 195 mt and are mainly composed of 16 species belonging to 8 families. Eel (Anguilla anguilla), the four species of Mugilidae (Liza saliens, L. aurata, L. ramada and Mugil cephalus), the two species of Sparidae (Sparus aurata and Diplodus annularis) and one species of Mullidae (Mullus barbatus) represent more than 92% of the total annual landings. The composition of the fishery landings varies between lagoons. The cluster analysis showed three groups of lagoons. The first group comprised lagoons in which the landings were dominated by eel, the second group was dominated by Mugilidae species and S. aurata, and the third by L. ramada and M. cephalus. The diversity index of the fishery landings is fairly constant in time, except for the Etoliko lagoon, where repeated anoxic crises decreased the diversity index value to almost zero in 1992. All the landing series showed a dominant annual cycle. Two seasonal patterns of the fishery landings were observed and linked to the fish spawning behaviour and/or their reaction to environmental forcings. The first one concerns species caught from summer to early autumn and the second pattern concerns species trapped during their autumn to winter offshore migration.
Algorithms for network modularity maximization

Networks are often used to represent complex systems arising in a variety of fields. Social networks model interactions among people. Telecommunication networks model communications betwen them, such as in the WorldWide Web. Transportation networks model movements of goods and passengers. Biological networks model interactions between organisms, such as in food networks. A network (or graph) G = (V,E) is composed of a set of vertices, representing the entities of the system under study, and a set of edges joining pairs of vertices and representing a relation holding for such pairs. Identifying communities, or clusters, in complex networks is a topic of particular interest and is currently a very active research domain.
THE SUCCESSFUL INCORPORATION OF BLENDED LEARNING INTO THE LANGUAGE CURRICULUM

A phenomenon attracting increasing attention in language curricula is the infusion of technology into traditional, face-to-face (FTF) language instruction. Nevertheless, computer-assisted language learning (CALL) still lacks a body of qualitative research on the notion of blended learning (BL). Particularly, what is lacking is information regarding teachers' perceptions of blended learning, or the roles they are expected to play in such mixed environments; without an understanding of these issues, the creation of new and effective BL curricula is extremely difficult (Grgurovic,2010). That said, much research has been conducted comparing learning outcomes in traditional and blended foreign language classes, although the various socio-cultural (external) and psychological (internal) aspects governing the successful transition of both teachers and learners from FTF to online learning remain unexamined (White,2006). This literature review consequently focuses on the infusion of technology into the language curriculum, specifically in relation to BL, with three purposes in mind: to a) exemplify teacher perspectives on BL; b) their effective transition from FTF to technologically-enhanced instruction; and c) examine those factors which are identified as the reasons for teachers having effectively implemented the technological components into a blended curriculum.
Respect des performances visuelles lors de la visualisation d'images de synthese

Le LCPC developpe des techniques de synthese d'images permettant de realiser des etudes de visibilite et de lisibilite routiere, notamment sur simulateur de conduite. Le principal obstacle identifie a l'utilisation de telles images porte sur les procedes de visualisation sur ecran des images de synthese calculees, du fait des limites techniques des systemes de restitution. Cet obstacle est contourne, en pratique, par des algorithmes de transposition permettant de convertir un signal visuel a afficher en un signal affichable par le systeme de restitution utilise. Les algorithmes utilises sont des algorithmes de transposition de luminance (tone mapping). Il resulte de l'utilisation d'un tel algorithme une degradation du signal, et des strategies sont proposees dans la litterature pour minimiser cette degradation. Nous presentons une methodologie qui a ete elaboree et mise en oeuvre dans le but d'evaluer la qualite de ces algorithmes en termes de performance visuelle des observateurs, pour des niveaux lumineux correspondant a une situation de conduite diurne. (A). (Voir fiche generale F100684).
Intertemporal Emissions Trading and Allocation Rules: Gainers, Losers and the Spectre of Market Power

Stemming from politically given market imperfections in a tradeable permits system, we develop a Stackelberg game model to describe how a large agent may exercise market power at the expense of a competitive fringe. In a dynamic framework with banking and borrowing, we explore how to restore the market equilibrium with an optimal allocation of permits. Overall, these results yield a better understanding of market mechanisms - and their potential for failure - to deliver CO2 emissions reductions needded to fight against climate change, and may be of interest for a wider audience composed of academic researchers and policy makers in the climate change policy arena.
Is the bilingual brain better equipped for aging? Studies on neural and cognitive reserve in elderly bilinguals

In the last decade, the study of the cognitive advantages stemming from bilingualism has become a major focus of research in neuroscience. The evidence suggests that bilingualism may contribute to building cognitive reserve but controversies still remain. This paper provides evidence of the so-called “bilingual advantage” by focusing on neural and cognitive reserve. Specifically, we shall discuss (a) the rationale underlying the idea that bilingualism might provide a cognitive advantage particularly in agingand (b) the evidence for two types of reserve associated with bilingualism, namely neural and cognitive reserve. In particular, we will focus on evidence from recent functional neuroimaging studies on elderly bilinguals carried out by our research group and others.
Techniques to Enhance Solubility of Hydrophobic Drugs: An Overview

The solubility enhancement process of hydrophobic drugs plays a key role in the formulation development to achieve the bioavailability and therapeutic action of the drug at the target site. About 40% of the new chemical entities identified by pharmaceutical industry screening programs face numerous problems in the formulation and development stage because of poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Drug solubility and bioavailability enhancement are the important challenges in the field of formulation of pharmaceuticals. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System reflects that Class II and IV drugs have low water solubility, poor dissolution, and low bioavailability. This review article explores the various techniques to enhance solubility of hydrophobic drugs such as complexation of drugs, use of cosolvents, emulsion formation, microemulsions, micelles, polymeric micelles, pharmaceutical salts, pro-drugs, particle size reduction technologies, solid state alternation, soft gel technology, solid dispersion techniques, drug nanocrystals, nanomorph technology, and crystal engineering techniques.
How emotion-cognition interactions drive affective bipolarity

Abstract Affective bipolarity is observed in a large group of people falling within the broad bipolar spectrum. Here, we propose a model of how emotion-cognition cycles drive affective bipolarity in the general case, and when these cycles may spiral into excessive forms. Our account specifies how emotion-cognition interactions produce two distinct epistemic modes: A behaviorally engaged, externally oriented mode of phenomenal exploration and a behaviorally disengaged, internally oriented mode of conceptual rumination. Affective bipolarity is viewed as a ubiquitous phenomenon underlying epistemic progress, which explains why mood fluctuations can be observed in many psychiatric disorders. The model explains why individuals with bipolar tendencies exhibit polar asymmetries in emotion, cognition and behavior, and are at risk for excessive affective bipolarity when their epistemic activities are guided by immutable and stable core beliefs.
A Constructivist Approach to Teaching Web Development in Post-Secondary Vocational Settings

Vocational education by its nature has a need for delivery methods that place a strong focus on the relationship between school and work and seeks to deliver instruction in a manner that bridges the two as seamlessly as possible. This paper presents a curriculum and constructivist-based instructional delivery approach, designed to emphasize a strong school-work relationship, for a four-year degree in Web Development developed for a vocational training institution. The instructional outcomes for such a program are distinctly different from traditional software engineering and other computer -specific programs and require a different approach to curriculum development and instructional delivery, which focuses on the unique needs of vocational students. At the same time, such programs should strive to emulate the best practices, educational values, and, to the extent possible, the curriculum of traditional programs. The educational program presented here employs a spiral sequencing of course material, presented using the constructivist approach of goal-based scenarios, in order to emphasize the applied, skill-building nature of vocational instruction. Many authors have discussed the benefits of a constructivist approach to vocational education (i.e. Brown, 1998), while others have called for its increased use in computer science related education (i.e. Connolly & Begg, 2006).
A precision piezodriven micropositioner mechanism with large travel range

A micropositioning stage with large travel range has been designed and built. The stage combines a piezoelectric driving element, flexure pivoted multiple Scott–Russell linkage, and a parallel guiding spring. Quality engineering techniques are used to optimize the configuration of the device in order to achieve the maximum displacement gain and the minimum angular deviation. A simple open-loop compensator is applied to reduce the hysteresis of the dynamic response of the stage. The experiment shows that the stage achieved a vacuum-compatible device with a travel of greater than 100 μm, a resolution of 0.04 μm, and an angular deviation of less than 31.1 μrad. The first natural frequency of the stage is 80 Hz and the settling time is approximately 50 ms. Compared with the uncontrolled condition, the controlled hysteresis is reduced significantly.
Diapause: diverse states of developmental and metabolic arrest

Diapause, characterized by developmental arrest and metabolic inhibition, is a widespread phenomenon, occurring either in response to environmental changes or as genetically predetermined life history stages. Organisms undergoing diapause experience increased longevity, coordinated reproduction, and enhanced stress resistance, adaptive traits that promote survival under harsh conditions often not conducive to life. Diapause is studied from several perspectives, such as identification of regulatory cues, detection of hormonal signals appearing in response to external influences, differential gene expression, and gene flow within populations. Signaling pathways regulating environmentally induced dauer in Caenorhabditis elegans have been studied extensively and are described in the review. Hormonal control of gene expression during insect diapause, although less well understood at molecular/biochemical levels than C. elegans dauer, is considered, as is the remarkable stress resistance exhibited by encysted Artemia embryos during and after diapause, and the potential role of a small heat shock protein in the process. A profile of delayed implantation in certain mammalian embryos completes the review. Attention is given to the recent literature and to experimental advantages offered by divergent model systems as they relate to particular aspects of diapause.
Quality Evaluation Based on Multivariate Statistical Methods

Quality prediction models are constructed based on multivariate statistical methods, including ordinary least squares regression (OLSR), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and modified partial least squares regression (MPLSR). The prediction model constructed by MPLSR achieves superior results, compared with the other three methods from both aspects of fitting efficiency and prediction ability. Based on it, further research is dedicated to selecting key variables to directly predict the product quality with satisfactory performance. The prediction models presented are more efficient than tradition ones and can be useful to support human experts in the evaluation and classification of the product quality. The effectiveness of the quality prediction models is finally illustrated and verified based on the practical data set of the red wine.
Dual-Band RFID Antenna for 0.92 GHz Near-Field and 2.45 GHz Far-Field Applications

A novel antenna used in the near field of a 0.92 GHz and the far field of a 2.45 GHz RFID reader system is investigated. The new antenna achieves strong magnetic field distribution over 0.92 GHz with good performance of detecting tags when applied in FCC RFID systems, as well as a good performance of circular polarization at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, the investigation shows the operation principle by circuit models and the advantages of the structure in terms of the operation frequency and field performances. The advantages of these two bands could be achieved by this novel RFID reader antenna.
Selective Transport and Stabilization of Microbial C in California Forest Soils

O1: To determine the importance of microbial community structure and unique biochemical composition as factors governing microbial C dynamics and turnover. O2: To determine changes in SOM chemistry along a depth gradient and within SOM physical fractions. O3: To determine the importance of the soil mineral matrix physical and mineralogical properties as factors influencing specific SOM movement down a soil profile and the partitioning of specific SOM into soil physical fractions.
A Test of Market Efficiency: Evidence from the Icelandic Stock Market

This extensive study examines the relationship between the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio, the market-to-book (M/B) ratio, dividend yields, size, past returns, and current returns of Icelandic stocks. The study uses monthly return data on stocks from the Iceland Stock Exchange from January 1993 to June 2003. The model, which uses multiple regression analysis with dummy variables, is based on the classical Capital Asset Pricing Model, so the beta coefficient is the sole measure of risk. The findings are that the returns of stocks with a low P/E ratio are much higher than returns of other stocks, and that these returns are statistically significantly higher when differences in systematic risk are accounted for. The returns of small stocks and stocks with a low M/B ratio are higher than that of other stocks but the difference is not statistically significant. However, there is no relationship between current returns and historical returns, or between returns and dividend yields. JEL classification: G12
Assessment of Employee Turnover and Its Impact on Three Selected Government TVET Colleges in Addis Ababa

This paper presents a study that determined assessment of employee turnover and its impact on the three selected government TVET Colleges in Addis Ababa. Nowadays, TVET institutions are considered as instruments of Accelerated and Sustained Development to end poverty at regional level in Addis Ababa specifically as well as national level at large. In order to achieve the above benefits from the sector, stable work environment in general and availability of experienced trainers’ specifically is a crucial aspect. The objective of this study is determining types of employee who many times terminate, their employment, causes for their termination and consequence of employee turnover on the organization. The research is designed as a descriptive research and data for this study was gathered through interview and questionnaire methods. The sample consisted of 35 current trainers, 5 ex-trainers and 9 management bodies. Finding of the study indicates that, trainer turnover is unsolved problem for the sector. Among the department in the institutions, Construction and Information Technology are faced with highly repetitive trainers’ turnover. Impact of trainer turnover is assessed by using four point Likert Scale and the average of 28.12 % and 27.47% of response indicates five basic variables have very high and high impact on the TVET institutions. Result shows that, in the selected TVET institutions, there are no exit-interview and special employee retention strategies and policies Keywords :- Employee turnover, TVET College, Human resource management