Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity and skin and soft tissue infections: how to optimize antimicrobial usage for prevention and treatment?

Purpose of review Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are prevalent in the obese population, with rising trend expected. Although numerous antibiotics are available for the prevention and treatment of SSTIs, their characterization in obese patients is not a regulatory mandate. Consequently, information that carries importance for optimizing the dosing regimen in the obese population may not be readily available. This review focuses on the most recent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data on this topic with attention to cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis as well as antibiotics that are active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, the implications for optimizing SSTIs prevention and treatment in the obese population will also be discussed. Recent findings On the basis of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations, most studies found a perioperative prophylactic cefazolin regimen of 2 g to be reasonable in the case of obese patients undergoing cesarean delivery or bariatric surgery. There is general paucity of data regarding the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of antimicrobials active against MRSA in obese patients, especially for the target tissue. Therapeutic drug monitoring has been correlated with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic optimization for vancomycin and teicoplanin, and should be used in these cases. There is more supportive evidence for the use of oxazolidinones (linezolid and tedizolid), daptomycin and lipoglycopeptides (telavancin, dalbavancin and oritavancin) in the management of SSTIs in this population. Summary The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach, which can be used as a basis or supplement to clinical trials, provides valuable data and decision-making tools for optimizing regimens used for both prevention and treatment of SSTIs in the obese population. Important pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of antibiotics, such as the penetration into the subcutaneous tissue and the probability of reaching the pharmacodynamic, target dictate efficacy, and thus should be taken into account and further investigated.
Nitrogen loads explain primary productivity in estuaries at the ecosystem scale

Increased nutrient loads stimulate estuary primary productivity and can alter the structure and function of biological communities within estuaries, particularly when producer groups respond differently to changes in nutrient availability. Here, the relative influence of riverine inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus were compared to determine their contribution to estuarine primary producers at large spatial scales. Indices of demersal (extent of macroalgae relative to other vegetation, total shallow water area vegetated) and planktonic (seasonally averaged chlorophyll concentration) primary producer communities were derived at whole‐of‐ecosystem scales in 14 estuaries dispersed across a longitudinal gradient using aerial imaging, underwater videography and in situ monitoring. A model selection framework was used to relate annual nutrient loads (total nitrogen [TN], dissolved inorganic nitrogen [DIN], total phosphorus [TP]), sediment loads (TSS), molar stoichiometric load ratios (TNM: TPM), and estuary water residence times to the demersal and planktonic indices. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was the best predictor of the extent of macroalgae, total vegetation coverage, and the concentration of planktonic chlorophyll. Rapid increases in all three indices occurred at inorganic nitrogen loads of ∼ 5–10 Mg km−2 yr−1. There was some evidence that TNM: TPM, TP and TSS loads were informative model covariates. Relative to DIN loads, TP loads were a poor predictor of the macroalgal and planktonic indices. These findings underscore the critical role of catchment‐derived nitrogen in contributing to producer communities at the whole‐of‐ecosystem scale and support the growing consensus that nitrogen loads (in addition to phosphorus) must be managed to effectively alleviate eutrophication in estuaries.
Spontaneous ‘regression’ of enhanced immune function in a photoperiodic rodent Peromyscus maniculatus

Short days inhibit reproduction and enhance immune function in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Their reproductive inhibition is sustained by an endogenous timing mechanism: after ca. 20 weeks in short days, reproductive photorefractoriness develops, followed by spontaneous recrudescence of the reproductive system. It is unknown whether analogous seasonal timing mechanisms regulate their immune function or whether enhanced immune function is sustained indefinitely under short days. In order to test this hypothesis, we housed adult male deer mice under long (16 h light day−1) or short (8 h light day−1) day conditions for 32 weeks or under long day conditions for 20 weeks followed by 12 weeks of short days. Mice under the long day conditions remained photostimulated over the 32 weeks, whereas mice housed under the short day conditions exhibited gonadal regression followed by photorefractoriness and spontaneous recrudescence. Mice transferred to short days at week 20 were reproductively photoregressed at week 32. Total splenocytes, relative splenic mass and mitogen–activated splenocyte proliferation were greater in those mice transferred to short days at week 20 than in those mice housed under either long or short day conditions for 32 consecutive weeks, and immune function in mice exposed to short days for 32 weeks was comparable with that of long day animals. These data suggest that short day enhancement of immune function is not indefinite. With prolonged (= 32 weeks) exposure to short days, several measures of immune function exhibit 'spontaneous' regression, restoring long day–like immunocompetence. The results suggest that formal similarities and, possibly, common substrates exist among the photoperiodic timekeeping mechanisms that regulate seasonal transitions in reproductive and immune function.
Influence of playing style on the physiological responses of offensive players in table tennis.

AIM The study aimed to analyse the influence of playing style on the physiological responses of offensive players and on match characteristics during table tennis matches. METHODS Eight table tennis players were involved in the study. Among them, six players with an offensive playing style (Off) played respectively two matches: one against an offensive player (Off vs. Off matches) and the other one against a defensive opponent (Off vs. Def matches). Duration of rally (DR), real playing time (RPT), effective playing time (EPT), frequency of shots by minutes, and shots per rally were measured. Heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously while rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each match. Blood lactate concentrations ([La]) were measured both at the end of each set and at the end of the match. RESULTS DR (5.4±0.7 s vs. 3.2±0.4 s), RPT, EPT (31.8±5.0% vs. 20.3±1.7%), shots per rally (6.6±0.9 vs. 4.6±0.9), HRmean (146.0±5.9 bpm vs. 139.9±9.0 bpm), HRmean relative to the predicted maximal HR (HRmax-p) (74.8±4.0% vs. 71.7±4.3%) and RPE (7.0±1.1 vs. 5.5±1.5) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Off vs. Def matches. No significant differences (P>0.05) for HRpeak, [La]mean and [La]peak were noticed between Off vs. Def matches and Off vs. Off matches. CONCLUSIONS Table tennis playing style influences match characteristics and the offensive player's physiological responses.
Aplicaciones clínicas de la saturación venosa mixta y central

En el paciente en edo. critico, la resucitacion cardiovascular se baso originalmente en datos clinicos como TA, llenado capilar, temperatura de partes distales del cuerpo, diuresis, edo. mental, etc. A estos datos se anadieron criterios de laboratorio y hemodinamicas como el deficit de base, las concentraciones de lactato serico y las determinaciones de gasto cardiaco y aporte y consumo de O2 mediante cateteres pulmonares (CP). En los ultimos anos han aparecido un numero considerable de estudios clinicos aleatorios bien realizados, dirigidos por los Institutos Nacionales de Salud Norteamericanos, donde la utilizacion de cateteres pulmonares no logro obtener ventajas, sobre la monitorizacion convencional en pacientes criticamente enfermos, por lo cual la monitorizacion con CP, ha disminuido. A lo largo de muchos anos, en la medicina critica, se ha buscado un marcador de resucitacion que nos permitiera asegurar que esta ha sido exitosa y completa. Como se menciono en el parrafo anterior los criterios derivados de la monitorizacion con cateteres pulmonares (Aporte y consumo de O2, PCP, indice cardiaco), no lograron demostrar una ventaja significativa. En el momento actual varios investigadores y clinicos en base a la evidencia actualmente disponible y en especial con apoyo del trabajo de Rivers y colaboradores, estiman que la utilizacion de la saturacion venosa central (ScvO2), es un parametro util que detecta la presencia de resucitacion suboptima, y que su utilizacion determina una mejor reanimacion y menor morbimortalidad. En el momento de escribir este resumen el autor solo ha encontrado otro trabajo de investigacion ademas del de grupo de Rivers(1), por lo que recomienda un sano escepticismo al evaluar los resultados en su practica clinica. INTRODUCCION
Lysosomal Membrane Permeability Stimulates Protein Aggregate Formation in Neurons of a Lysosomal Disease

Protein aggregates are a common pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases and several lysosomal diseases, but it is currently unclear what aggregates represent for pathogenesis. Here we report the accumulation of intraneuronal aggregates containing the macroautophagy adapter proteins p62 and NBR1 in the neurodegenerative lysosomal disease late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2 disease). CLN2 disease is caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase I, which results in aberrant lysosomal storage of catabolites, including the subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS). In an effort to define the role of aggregates in CLN2, we evaluated p62 and NBR1 accumulation in the CNS of Cln2−/− mice. Although increases in p62 and NBR1 often suggest compromised degradative mechanisms, we found normal ubiquitin–proteasome system function and only modest inefficiency in macroautophagy late in disease. Importantly, we identified that SCMAS colocalizes with p62 in extra-lysosomal aggregates in Cln2−/− neurons in vivo. This finding is consistent with SCMAS being released from lysosomes, an event known as lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP). We predicted that LMP and storage release from lysosomes results in the sequestration of this material as cytosolic aggregates by p62 and NBR1. Notably, LMP induction in primary neuronal cultures generates p62-positive aggregates and promotes p62 localization to lysosomal membranes, supporting our in vivo findings. We conclude that LMP is a previously unrecognized pathogenic event in CLN2 disease that stimulates cytosolic aggregate formation. Furthermore, we offer a novel role for p62 in response to LMP that may be relevant for other diseases exhibiting p62 accumulation.
Le complexe archéologique de Casal Bertone

Dans le quartier de Casal Bertone, dans le secteur de la banlieue est de Rome compris entre la voie Tiburtina au nord et la voie Praenestina au sud, les vastes fouilles preventives menees a l'interieur d'un important triangle ferroviaire en prevision de la realisation du TGV ont permis de mettre au jour une serie de structures archeologiques vraisemblablement liees entre elles : au nord, une vaste installation productive identifiee comme une fullonica ou une tannerie, adjacente a un trace viaire le long duquel s'alignaient sept edifices funeraires; a l'est, les installations importantes d'une villa reliee a une zone residentielle et a un nymphee monumental ; au sud, un ensemble funeraire constitue d'une necropole a ciel ouvert (sub divo) et d'un mausolee; et enfin, a l'ouest, un groupe de structures d'identification incertaine.
Anti Unreal Trading of Intelligent E-commerce Platform Framework Design For B2C

Enterprise1e-commerce platform is the most important management tool for trade which bases on the in the Internet era, and the platform is an important place facility for the coordination and integration of information flow, goods flow, capital flow, orderly and efficient flow of association. It, it breaks through the limitation of time and space. But when transaction efficiency is improved by common e-commerce platform, it also brings some defects for B2C, one of the most important aspects is the recognition detection of online unreal trading. Unreal trading is just like the bubble of the real world, it not only pollutes the real transaction data, but also brings difficulties for the government and enterprise decision-making. In this paper, it we uses data mining algorithms, like the tree of logistic regression, database analysis service object, artificial intelligence technology to build e-commerce platform framework for solving this problem.
Effect of season on fatty acid and terpene profiles of milk from Greek sheep raised under a semi-extensive production system

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of season on the fatty acid and terpene composition in ewe milk. A total of 760 samples of bulk sheep milk were collected during winter (147 samples), spring (314 samples) and summer (299 samples) of 2011, from 90 commercial farms of dairy sheep from the prefecture of Grevena, Greece. Regarding fatty acid composition, summer samples had higher concentrations of α-linolenic acid, cis-9, trans 11- CLA, trans-11, C18 : 1 and PUFAs but lower content of saturated fatty acids particularly C12 : 0, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. The winter milk had the lowest content of terpenes, in particular sesquiterpenes, compared to spring and summer milk. The terpene profile of milk samples, in all three seasons, revealed the presence of monoterpenes: a-pinene, b-pinene and D-limonene, especially with a higher frequency of appearance in summer. The most common and abundant sesquiterpenes found in milk samples were β-caryophyllene and α-caryophyllene with a higher frequency of appearance in summer. In conclusion, the available pastures in semi-extensive farming systems can contribute to the production of high quality milk.
Genetic divergence and isolation by thermal environment in geothermal populations of an aquatic invertebrate

Temperature is one of the most influential forces of natural selection impacting all biological levels. In the face of increasing global temperatures, studies over small geographic scales allowing investigations on the effects of gene flow are of great value for understanding thermal adaptation. Here, we investigated genetic population structure in the freshwater gastropod Radix balthica originating from contrasting thermal habitats in three areas of geothermal activity in Iceland. Snails from 32 sites were genotyped at 208 AFLP loci. Five AFLPs were identified as putatively under divergent selection in Lake Mývatn, a geothermal lake with an almost 20 °C difference in mean temperature across a distance of a few kilometres. In four of these loci, variation across all study populations was correlated with temperature. We found significant population structure in neutral markers both within and between the areas. Cluster analysis using neutral markers classified the sites mainly by geography, whereas analyses using markers under selection differentiated the sites based on temperature. Isolation by distance was stronger in the neutral than in the outlier loci. Pairwise differences based on outlier FST were significantly correlated with temperature at different spatial scales, even after correcting for geographic distance or neutral pairwise FST differences. In general, genetic variation decreased with increasing environmental temperature, possibly suggesting that natural selection had reduced the genetic diversity in the warm origin sites. Our results emphasize the influence of environmental temperature on the genetic structure of populations and suggest local thermal adaptation in these geothermal habitats.
Inferring Relationships from Trajectory Data

Devices like smart phones and GPS navigators are very popular nowadays. These equipments can save the location of an object with an associ- ated time, generating a new kind of data, called trajectories of moving objects. With these data it is possible to discover several interesting patterns, among which is the interaction between individuals, allowing to infer their relation- ship. This work addresses the discovery of relationship degree between moving objects based on their encounters. To calculate the relationship degree we pro- pose different measures based on frequency, duration, and area of the encoun- ters. These measures were evaluated in experiments with a running example and real trajectory data, and show that the method correctly infers relationships.
The Prosocial Classroom: Teacher Social and Emotional Competence in Relation to Student and Classroom Outcomes

The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers’ social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher–student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional learning program implementation. This model proposes that these factors contribute to creating a classroom climate that is more conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental outcomes among students. Furthermore, this article reviews current research suggesting a relationship between SEC and teacher burnout and reviews intervention efforts to support teachers’ SEC through stress reduction and mindfulness programs. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda to address the potential efficacy of intervention strategies designed to promote teacher SEC and improved learning outcomes for students.
Interferons as hormones of pregnancy.

I. Introduction ABOUT 5 yr ago it was discovered that a protein which was secreted in quantity by preimplantation sheep conceptuses and implicated in preventing luteolysis during the second and third weeks of pregnancy was, in fact, structurally related to type I interferons (IFN), proteins best known for their antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. This discovery attracted considerable attention because it revealed a new and completely unsuspected role for a cytokine as a reproductive hormone. Several reviews have been published on various aspects of this topic (1–10). In the more comprehensive updated article that follows, we describe how IFN came to be implicated as antiluteolytic agents in domestic ruminant species, the properties of these IFN, and some of the unusual features pertaining to their expression and transcriptional regulation. We address the questions as to whether these IFN have any unique biological and structural properties, as to how they evolved, and as to whether type I IFN in ge.
Effect of N-Type AlGaN Layer on Carrier Transportation and Efficiency Droop of Blue InGaN Light-Emitting Diodes

The effect of an n-type AlGaN layer on the physical properties of blue InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is investigated numerically. The p-type AlGaN electron-blocking layer is usually used in blue LEDs to reduce the electron leakage current. However, the p-type AlGaN layer also retards the injection of holes, which leads to the degradation of efficiency at high current. To improve the efficiency droop of blue InGaN LEDs at high current, an n-type AlGaN layer below the active region is proposed to replace the traditional p-type AlGaN layer. The simulation results show that the improvement in efficiency droop is due mainly to the sufficiently reduced electron leakage current and more uniform distribution of holes in the quantum wells.
Coverage Contribution Area Based $k$ -Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks

Coverage is a primary metric for ensuring the quality of services provided by a wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, we focus on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-coverage problem, which requires a selection of a minimum subset of nodes among the deployed ones such that each point in the target region is covered by at least <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> nodes. We present both centralized and distributed protocols to tackle this fundamental problem. Our protocols are based on a novel concept of <italic>Coverage Contribution Area</italic>, which helps to get a lower sensor spatial density. Furthermore, our protocols take the residual energies of the sensors into consideration. This consideration combined with the low sensor spatial density ensures that our protocols can prolong the network lifetime to a greater extent, which is crucial to WSNs due to the limited energy supply and the difficulties of energy recharging. We also conduct extensive simulations to verify our proposed algorithms, and the results show that they are superior over existing ones.
Acute rapamycin treatment augments both protein ubiquitination and Akt activation in pressure‐overloaded rat myocardium

Independent studies have shown either ubiquitin‐mediated protein degradation or the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is necessary for increased ventricular mass and survival signaling for compensated hypertrophy in pressure‐overloaded (PO) myocardium. We tested whether the ubiquitin‐mediated regulation of growth and survival in hypertrophic myocardium is linked to the mTOR pathway. For in vivo studies, right ventricle pressure overload (RVPO) in rats was conducted by pulmonary artery banding; the normally loaded LV served as an internal control. Rapamycin (0.75 mg/kg/day) or vehicle alone was administered intraperitoneally for 3 days or 2 wk. Ubiquitinated proteins increased in cardiomyocytes following 48 h PO and were further enhanced by rapamycin. Rapamycin pretreatment also significantly increased PO‐induced Akt phosphorylation at S473, confirmed in cardiomyocytes in vitro to be downstream of mTORC2. In vivo prosurvival signaling showed rapamycin increased PO‐induced degradation of phosphorylated inhibitor of κB (IκB), enhanced expression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1), and decreased active caspase‐3. Long term rapamycin treatment in 2 wk PO myocardium blunted hypertrophy, improved contractile function, and reduced caspase‐3 and calpain activation. Therefore, rapamycin may have cardioprotective benefits for hypertensive patients.
La vivienda en España: un derecho por conquistar

En una apuesta por un crecimiento facil, rapido y cortoplacista, Espana se entrego durante anos a la fiesta del ladrillo. Se produjeron mas viviendas que en Alemania, Italia y Francia juntas, y sin embargo esta sobreproduccion (aumento de la oferta), no significo que la vivienda fuera mas accesible: al contrario, desmintiendo el dogma neoliberal, los precios no dejaron de subir, haciendo que Espana fuera uno de los paises de la Union Europea donde acceder a una vivienda resultara mas caro. Entre otros, dos elementos clave explican esta paradoja: por un lado, unos tipos de interes bajos y la liberalizacion del credito, lo que ha permitido a los bancos prestar todo el dinero que han querido a quien han querido y con plazos temporales muy largos; por otro lado, la posibilidad de mantener millones de viviendas vacias mientras se especula con ellas, sin penalizacion alguna. Fruto de este modelo, el Estado propicio la confusion del derecho a la vivienda con el derecho al credito, impulsando la propiedad privada mas alla de limites razonables a traves del sobreendeudamiento de buena parte de la poblacion.