Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequence Variants of NAT1 and NAT2 and Other Xenometabolic Genes and Risk of Lung and Aerodigestive Tract Cancers in Central Europe

Tobacco smoke contains an extensive cocktail of highly carcinogenic chemicals. Individuals with a slower elimination rate of the chemicals in tobacco smoke may have increased exposure to their carcinogenic properties compared with those with a faster rate. Polymorphisms that alter the function of the genes involved in the activation or the detoxification of the chemical carcinogens in tobacco smoke can potentially influence an individual's risk of developing a tobacco-related cancer. To test this hypothesis, we have genotyped polymorphisms in 16 genes involved in metabolism of chemical carcinogens in a Central and Eastern European case-control study comprising 2,250 lung cases, 811 upper aerodigestive cancer (UADT) cases, and 2,704 controls. The N-acetyltransferase (NAT) genes were the most implicated in risk, with the NAT1*10 haplotype showing an inverse association in lung cancer, in both heterozygote carriers [odds ratio (OR), 0.81; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.70-0.93] and homozygote carriers (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48-1.01), suggesting a genotype dose response (P < 0.001). In UADT cancer, a similar inverse association was noted in NAT1*10 although only in heterozygotes (OR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.65-0.95). In NAT2, when considering the individuals inferred acetylator phenotypes based on their NAT2 diplotype, “slow” acetylators compared with intermediate or fast acetylators showed no association with risk. None of the other 14 genes provided robust evidence of an association for either lung or UADT cancer. We therefore conclude that, of the genetic variation studied, NAT1 gene was the most likely candidate to influence the risk of developing a tobacco-related cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):141–7)
Inhibition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase by sugars and solvents

Inhibition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase by sugars (glucose, δ‐gluconolactone, and cellobiose) and solvents (ethanol, butanol, and acetone) was studied using cellulose azure. Glucose, cellobiose, ethanol, and butanol were noncompetitive inhibitors, δ‐gluconolactone was a mixed inhibitor, and acetone was a noncompetitive activator. Converting cellobiose to glucose reduces the effective inhibitor binding constant by 6 times and converting cellobiose to ethanol reduces it by 16 times.
Beam-Tilting Antenna With Negative Refractive Index Metamaterial Loading

A beam-tilting antenna with negative refractive index metamaterial (NRIM) loading is proposed for WLAN applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a double-feed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and 1 × 4 NRIM array, which are fixed over and in the middle of the DRA. The proposed NRIM unit cell comprises a fractal cross-ring resonator structure and performs a negative refractive index in the band from 5 to 5.5 GHz. When the electromagnetic (EM) waves enter a medium with a negative refractive index, the direction of propagation of the EM wave can be changed. Therefore, beam-tilting can be implemented by using the DRA cooperating with the proposed NRIM array. The simulation and experimental results show that the beam-tilting antenna can steer the main beam by ±38° in the xoz-plane over 5–5.5-GHz band. The reflection coefficient of the antenna is better than −10 dB in the band from 5 to 5.5 GHz. Furthermore, the measured results have a good agreement with simulated ones.
Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in humans

Les aminoglycosides, antibiotiques ototoxiques, entrainent surdite et vertiges. L'ototoxicite plus ou moins importante d'un aminoglycoside par rapport a un autre et l'incidence de survenue d'une surdite sont discutees ainsi que les problemes d'evaluation de cette surdite
[Halitosis--foetor ex ore].

BACKGROUND An overview is presented on the etiology, diagnosis, and therapy of halitosis. METHODS Results are given of our multidisciplinary halitosis outpatient department started in 1994. The team consists of ENT specialists and paradontologists, occasionally assisted by a psychiatrist. The oral odor is confirmed with a halitometer (Interscan Corporation, Model RH-17E USA). 491 Patients, nearly the same number of males as females, mostly between 20 and 50 years of age were seen. RESULTS Oral causes (87%) were due to tongue coating (51%), gingivitis (17%), paradontitis (15%), or combinations of factors (17%). The other 13% involved causes related to ENT problems (4%), both ENT and oral (3%), digestive tract (1%), and presumed psychiatric pathology (5%). CONCLUSIONS Many patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic aimed interventions to no avail prior to their arrival in our halitosis clinic. Usually advising the patient to maintain better oral hygiene is sufficient.
Effect of Feeding Penicillin on the Life Cycle of the Chick∗

Summary 1. The feeding of penicillin stimulated the growth of birds fed an all-vegetable-protein diet. 2. Injection of the antibiotic into the birds fed the basal diet stopped the mortality and appeared to stimulate the growth. 3. Eggs were obtained from all groups. Pullets fed penicillin and injected with vit. B12 had the highest egg production. Hatchability of eggs from birds injected with B12 was within the normal range. No live chicks were obtained from pullets injected with penicillin from the 14th week. A 39%percnt; hatch was obtained from the eggs of pullets fed penicillin continuously. The B12 content of the liver and kidney tissues and of the egg yolks was directly related to the injection of the vitamin into the birds. 4. Feeding of penicillin caused a significant increase in the total number of intestinal micro-organisms as indicated by thioglycollate counts. Penicillin likewise caused a significnat increase in the number of enterococci of the intestine during the first 14 weeks of the experiment. The administration of penicillin either orally or intravenously resulted in a marked increase in the number of penicillin resistant micro-organisms in the intestinal tract.
TOX/2009/02 COMMITTEE ON TOXICITY OF CHEMICALS IN FOOD, CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Food Surveillance Information Sheet: Polychlorinated Naphthalenes and Chlorinated Paraffins in Food Issue

3. The available literature for the two groups of compounds are summarised in this paper. In the case of the chlorinated paraffins, the available data were recently reviewed by the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as rapporteur of the risk assessments under the EU Existing Substances Regulation. Only papers published after these risk assessments in 1999 for short chain compounds and 2004 for medium chain compounds have been included in this document. The HSE reviews are attached at Annexes B and C. The search process used to identify the papers is presented in Annex D.
A general method for C-space evaluation and its application to articulated robots

A general method to obtain the obstacle representation in the robot configuration space is presented. The method is based on a solid mathematical formalism that has as a key element a mathematical expression to evaluate the C-obstacle representation. The use of the proposed method and the choice of a suitable coordinate system, in the workspace as well as in the configuration space, lead to the fact that the obstacle representation in the configuration space could be seen as a convolution of two functions that describe the robot and the obstacles, respectively. The computational load can then be reduced drastically if convolution properties are applied. The method is directly applicable to mobile and articulated robots without any kind of adaptation or restriction of the shape of the elements that constitute the robot and the shape of the obstacles. Hence, its utilization is quite suitable to motion planning and control problems.
Each patient ’ s cancer is like fingerprint : where are we in molecular profiling in breast cancer diagnosis ?

Received: 25 Jun 2014, Revised 26 Jun 2014, Accepted 28 Jun 2014, Available Online 30 jun 2014 Ege University, School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Tulay Aktas Oncology Hospital , Bornova, Izmir Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey *Corresponding Author: Burcak KARACA burcakkaraca@hotmail.com Each patient’s cancer is like fingerprint: where are we in molecular profiling in breast cancer diagnosis?
“Unremarkable” Recoveries: Normalizing Adversity and Cancer Survival

Much of the existing popular literature suggests that survival from life-threatening diseases encourages a process of self-transformation. Seventeen long-term survivors of metastatic cancer were interviewed about the impact of a life-threatening condition on their life stories. Contrary to the existing literature, which suggests such an event greatly transforms the individual, nearly all of those interviewed for this study framed their unusual recoveries as being largely unremarkable. Traditional North American cultural values, which normalize adversity, appear to bolster the participants’ beliefs that one can have control over one’s health and can even resist a recurrence of cancer.
Effects of epidermal growth factor dosage forms on dermal wound strength in mice

Abstract— The effect of topically administered epidermal growth factor (EGF) dosage forms was investigated on skin wound healing in mice. Two EGF dosage forms were prepared containing 100 ng mL−1 EGF. The solution dosage form was prepared in 0·9% w/v NaCl. A bioadhesive gel form was prepared in 0·2% Carbopol 940 polymer. The two dosage forms were applied on the skin incision wounds of mice at the rate of 5 μL twice a day for 7 and 15 days. The wound tear strength was tested for skin wound healing at the 7th and 15th days of treatment and compared with controls. The results indicate that the wound tear strength of mice were significantly higher at the 15th day of treatment in the gel‐treated group compared with the solution‐treated mice and controls (P < 0·001).
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Promoter-Induced JAB 1 Overexpression Enhances Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity of Lung Cancer Cell Line A 549 in an Anoxic Environment

Lung cancer is a leading cause for cancer-related deaths worldwide, developing in more than a million new patients annually (Toh, 2009). Although great efforts have been employed to treat lung cancer in the clinic, 5-year survival rate is only 14% approximately. Low sensitivity of lung cancer cells to chemotherapy is one of the important factors responsible for the poor prognosis of lung cancer. Chemotherapy is a most widely used strategy in the management of lung cancer. In generally, cytotoxic drugs will cause apoptosis in major tumor cells, leaving a small number of survived tumor cells. For limited apoptosis and sublethal damage, it can not initiate normal apoptosis process (Pommier et al., 2004). Thus, it is urgent to clarify the related mechanism and overcome the chemoresistance. Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, occurs in a wide variety of malignant tumors. It results in chemotherapeutic resistance by depriving oxygen essential for the cytotoxic activities of these agents in tumor cells. In addition, hypoxia may reduce chemotherapeutic sensitivity through one or more indirect mechanisms including proteomic and genomic changes, which in turn results in increased invasiveness and metastatic potential,
Double null cells reveal that CBP and p300 are dispensable for p53 targets p21 and Mdm2 but variably required for target genes of other signaling pathways

The histone acetyltransferase coactivators CBP (CREBBP) and p300 (EP300) have more than 400 described protein interaction partners and are implicated in numerous transcriptional pathways. We have shown previously that CBP and p300 double knockout mutations in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (dKO MEFs) result in mixed effects on cAMP-inducible gene expression, with many CREB target genes requiring CBP/p300 for full expression, while others are unaffected or expressed better in their absence. Here we used CBP and p300 dKO MEFs to examine gene expression in response to four other signals: DNA damage (via p53), double-stranded RNA, serum, and retinoic acid. We found that while retinoic acid-inducible gene expression tends to be uniformly dependent on CBP/p300, dsRNA- and serum-inducible genes displayed non-uniform requirements for CBP/p300, with the dsRNA-inducible expression of Ifnb1 (interferon-β) being particularly dependent on CBP/p300. Surprisingly, the p53-dependent genes Cdkn1a (p21/CIP/WAF) and Mdm2 did not require CBP/p300 for their expression. As with cAMP-responsive CREB targets, we propose that the signal-responsive recruitment of CBP and p300 does not necessarily indicate a requirement for these coactivators at a locus. Rather, target gene context (e.g. DNA sequence) influences the extent to which transcription requires CBP/p300 versus other coactivators, which may not be HATs.
A Lipophilic Nitric Oxide Donor and a Lipophilic Antioxidant Compound Protect Rat Heart Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury if Given as Hybrid Molecule but Not as a Mixture

Abstract Low concentrations of a hydrophilic nitric oxide donor (NOD) are reported to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury only when combined with a lipophilic antioxidant (AOX) to form a hybrid molecule (HYB). Here we tested whether liposoluble NOD requires to be combined with AOX to be protective. Isolated rat hearts underwent 30 minutes of ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion. To induce postconditioning, 1 &mgr;M solutions of the following liposoluble compounds were given during the first 20 minutes of reperfusion: NOD with weak (w-NOD) or strong NO-releasing potency (s-NOD); weak HYB built up with w-NOD and a per se ineffective AOX lead; strong HYB built up with s-NOD and the same AOX; mixtures of w-NOD plus AOX or s-NOD plus AOX. A significant reduction of infarct size with improved recovery of cardiac function was obtained only with weak HYB. We suggest that w-NOD requires the synergy with a per se ineffective AOX to protect. The synergy is possible only if the 2 moieties enter the cell simultaneously as a hybrid, but not as a mixture. It seems that strong HYB was ineffective because an excessive intracellular NO release produces a large amount of reactive species, as shown from the increased nitrotyrosine production.
Decoupling of RTS noise in high density CMOS image sensor using new test structures

In this work, new test structures are proposed to characterize the RTS (Random Telegraph Signal) noise of the CMOS image sensor. The RTS noise of the driver transistor and the source follower transistor, as well as the source follower block itself, are measured using the proposed test structures. The probability of monitoring the RTS noise of the driver transistor and the source follower transistor is 76 % and 52 %, respectively. However, the probability of the generation of the RTS noise for the source follower block is about 74 %. Therefore, it can be said that the driver transistor dominates the RTS noise of the source follower block.
Frameshift mutations of a chromatin‐remodeling gene SMARCC2 in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability

To the Editor Cellular machineries that allow transcription factors to access target promoters are largely divided into two: the chromatin-remodeling complex and the histone acetylases (1). In yeast, the multisubunit SWI/SNF complex is thought to be responsible for chromatin remodeling. The SWI/SNF family proteins display helicase and ATPase activities that are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering chromatin structures (2). The SWI-SNF complex regulates gene expressions and plays important roles in development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells (2). Also, the complex is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. For example, ARID1A encoding a component of the SWI-SNF complex, is considered a tumor suppressor gene and is mutated in many cancers (3–5). SWI/SNFrelated, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c (SMARC) proteins comprise parts of SNF/SWI complex (1). In contrast to the ARID1A, cancer-related functions of which are well known, those of SMARC genes remain unknown. By analyzing human gene sequences in a public database (http://genome.cse.ucsc.edu/), we found that SMARCB1 (A7 in exon 2), SMARCC1 (A7 in exon 23) and SMARCC2 (C8 in exon 26) genes have mononucleotide repeats in the coding sequences that could be targets for frameshift mutation in the cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). About 10 –30% of in gastric (GC) and colorectal (CRC) cancers with defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) show microsatellite instability (MSI). To see whether SMARCB1, SMARCC1, and SMARCC2 genes are involved in cancer development, we analyzed their mononucleotide repeats in methacarn-fixed tissues of 46 GC and 56 CRC with MSI by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay as described previously (6, 7). We used 32 GC with high MSI (MSI-H), 14 GC with low MSI (MSI-L), 41 CRC with MSI-H, and 15 CRC with MSI-L. Malignant cells and normal cells were selectively procured from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides using a 30G1/2 hypodermic needle by microdissection as described
Multidisciplinary urological engagement in translational renal cancer research

There is a need for significant improvement in the treatment of both localised and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which remains the most lethal of all urological malignancies. There is now a range of targeted therapies inhibiting angiogenesis for use in metastatic RCC. Although drugs such as sunitinib and pazopanib are now used as first-line standards of care resulting in a shift in cancer-specific survival, ∼30% of patients are subjected to such drugs without tumour response whilst incurring potentially significant toxicity and also cost. In contrast to many other tumours treated with targeted therapies (e.g. selection by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in breast cancer or epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer) there are no molecular means to select patients with RCC for whom targeted therapy is likely to confer benefit.
Three-phase 4.16 kV medium voltage grid tied AC-DC converter based on 15 kV/40 a SiC IGBTs

Recently, with the emergence of Wide Bandgap semiconductor devices having higher blocking voltage capabilities and higher switching speed, ac-dc converters for Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) dc micro-grid applications are becoming popular. In this paper, the first time experimental demonstration of such a 3-phase, isolated ac-dc power converter based on the newly developed 15 kV/40 A SiC IGBT is presented for 4.16 kV ac distribution grid interface. The presented converter consists of two bidirectional stages - the 4.16 kV ac to 8 kV dc front end converter followed by an 8 kV dc to 480 V dc dual active bridge converter with high frequency isolation. These stages are switched at 5 kHz and 10 kHz respectively. The converter design is presented along with experimental validation on a prototype at 9.6 kW.
A new primary permanent magnet linear motor for urban rail transit

In this paper, a new permanent magnet (PM) linear motor is proposed, in which both the magnets and armature windings are placed in the short mover, while the long stator consists of iron core only. Hence, this new PM linear motor can be called as primary permanent magnet linear motor, which exhibits the advantages of robust and simple mover, low cost, high efficiency, high power factor, and high thrust force density, especially suitable for the long stator application such as urban rail transit. Its topology structure and operation principle are introduced firstly. Then, the static characteristics are investigated, including field distributions, flux-linkage, back-EMF, phase inductance and thrust force. In addition, the technique of skewing stator teeth is adopted to improve the electromagnetic performance. Finally, finite element method (FEM) is used to verify the theoretical analysis results.
Getting to the heart of obesity.

This editorial refers to ‘Effects of insulin on left ventricular function during dynamic exercise in overweight and obese subjects’† by F.C. Sasso et al. , on page 1205 The Queensland State government recently announced plans to extend the ban on tobacco smoking in public places to include licensed premises. Other states have followed suit, bringing most of Australia into line with the few jurisdictions in the world with the strictest anti-smoking laws. Probably as a result of such public health measures, some encouraging signs of a positive effect on smoking rates are beginning to be seen. In contrast, the epidemic of being overweight and obese is gathering momentum and promises to fuel the prevalence of cardiovascular disease for some time to come.1 Being overweight and obese affects two-thirds of men and over half of women in the United States. Whilst there is considerable variation across Europe, similar rates are evident in the United Kingdom and Eastern Europe and the situation is no better in Australia. Globally, one trend is very clear: that these rates are increasing. In the United Kingdom, rates of obesity increased from 6 to 21% in men between 1980 and 2001. The role of obesity … *Corresponding author. Tel: +61 7 36368111; fax: +61 7 36363251. E-mail address : william_parsonage{at}health.qld. gov.au
Role of unstirred water layer in the exsorption of quinidine

Abstract— Intestinal exsorption of salicylic acid, thiopentone, theophylline, and quinidine was measured during perfusion of the intestinal lumen with Tyrode solution. The effect of pectin or bovine serum albumin added to the perfusate on intestinal clearance (CL,) was investigated. Increasing pectin concentration from 00 to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% gave CL, values for quinidine of 499 ± 18, 363 ± 35, 237 ± 56, and 300 ± 28 mL h−1 kg−1, respectively. One per cent of pectin in the perfusate also decreased the CL, of thiopentone, but had no effect on the CLi of salicylic acid or theophylline. Pectin may have increased the thickness of the unstirred water layer on the mucous membrane and the resistance of drug exsorption for some drugs. When bovine serum albumin was added, drug binding in the perfusate increased, and the CLi of salicylic acid, thiopentone, and theophylline increased; the CLi of quinidine was unaltered. Co‐administration of theophylline with quinidine decreased the CLi of quinidine without affecting quinidine binding in serum or in the perfusate. The CLi theophylline was not affected by quinidine. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the exsorption of quinidine is rate‐limited by diffusion through the unstirred water layer on the mucous membrane. The CLi of quinidine is affected by the microclimate‐pH in the unstirred water layer. An alternative possibility is that quinidine exsorption is mediated by a carrier‐transport pathway.
A COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREM IN FUZZY METRIC SPACE (DEDICATED IN OCCASION OF THE 70-YEARS OF PROFESSOR

The purpose of this paper is to obtain a common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible self-maps satisfying the property (E.A) using implicit relation on a non complete fuzzy metric space. Also, our result does not require the continuity of the maps. Our result generalizes the results of B. Singh and S. Jain [Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 2005 (16) (2005), 2617-2629]. An example is also given to illustrate the result.