Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey On Spam URLs Detection In Twitter

With the rapid growth of microblogging sites like Twitter, a wide range of spam activities are evolving at an equal pace. Detecting spam is a major problem in these days in social network sites. This paper explores spam URLs detection in Twitter by providing malicious behavior categories, detection evasion tactics, features used for detection, detection techniques and their limitations (if any). We further investigate the best performance exists by machine learning classification based on various published features. Therefore, we utilized four classifiers on a Twitter accounts dataset of 10713 users labeled 5358 benign and 5355 spam with 17 robust features, the feature are content-based and user-based. Our result shows that among the four classifiers the Random Forest classifier with hybrid-based features methods produce the highest evaluation with 96.4% accuracy, while J48 classifiers achieved a slightly different accuracy rate of 94.5%.
A Commit Change-based Weighted Complex Network Approach to Identify Potential Fault Prone Classes

Over the past few years, attention has been focused on utilizing complex network analysis to gain a highlevel abstraction view of software systems. While many studies have been proposed to use interactions between software components at the variable, method, class, package, or combination of multiple levels, limited studies investigated how software change history and evolution pattern can be used as a basis to model software-based weighted complex network. This paper attempts to fill in the gap by proposing an approach to model a commit change-based weighted complex network based on historical software change and evolution data captured from GitHub repositories with the aim to identify potential fault prone classes. Experiments were carried out using three open-source software to validate the proposed approach. Using the well-known change burst metric as a benchmark, the proposed method achieved average precision of 0.77 and recall of 0.8 on all the three test subjects.
Microwave Subsurface Imaging of Composite Structures Using Complementary Split Ring Resonators

A 2-D microwave imaging procedure to detect subsurface defects inside composite structures comprising of dielectric and metallic layers using the complementary split ring resonator (CSRR)-based planar sensor is proposed. Initially, the CSRR units of both rectangular and circular cross-sections are used for imaging. As the sensor based on the circular CSRR has higher sensitivity compared with that of the rectangular CSRR of same cross-sectional dimensions, the circular CSRR sensor is primarily used for imaging procedures. The higher sensitivity of the circular CSRR sensor is attributed to its higher resonant frequency. The proposed scheme requires raster scanning of the test structure for recording three parameters, viz., the magnitude and phase of the transmission coefficient and the resonant frequency at each scan point. If the magnitude of the transmission parameter at any scan point exhibits multiple resonant minima, then it indicates the presence of metallic layer in the test structure. In such cases, the method based on the scattering parameter magnitude at the unloaded resonant frequency is adopted. However, if the magnitude of transmission parameter exhibits only a single minimum while scanning the test structure, then it would usually indicate the structure to be purely dielectric and the resonant frequency shift can also be estimated in these situations at each scan point. The frequency shift can then be employed to obtain the permittivity image of the test structure using numerical models. The overall applicability of the designed CSRR sensor for imaging purpose is demonstrated using both simulation and experimental results.
Causal Relationship between Economic Growth, Transport Infrastructure and Investment in Transport Infrastructure in Transition Countries

Provision and maintenance of adequate infrastructure facilities are necessary if there is need to achieve and sustain rapid economic growth. The availability of infrastructure like transport is vital for accelerated development and modernization of a country. Transport infrastructure in particular, is vital to the prosperity of regions. The contribution of our study refers to the investigation the relationship and causality between economic growth, transport infrastructure, investment in transport infrastructure, as in transition countries. To achieve this aim, we proposed the growth model.We use annual data of 25 transition countries (see Appendix 1) for the time period 1990-2013.The findings from GMM reveal that there is bidirectional causal relationship between repressors we have studied.
Distributed Kinematic Control and Trajectory Scaling for Multi-Manipulator Systems in Presence of Human Operators

The objective of the paper is to devise a general framework for handling the human safety in a multi-robot work-cell controlled within a decentralized framework. The paper is motivated by the increasing demand coming from new production paradigms for strict cooperation between humans and robots and for flexibility and robustness provided by decentralized control frameworks. The cell foresees several robots with different assigned roles. In particular, it is supposed that there are worker agents, that are in charge of performing the cooperative manipulation task, and watcher robots, that are in charge of supervising the cell with particular attention to the human safety. The latter is guaranteed by properly modifying the workers' task trajectory according to a state transition strategy that tries to preserve the task path as much as possible. The overall solution is tested via simulations in order to show the effectiveness of results.
LoggerBIT: An Optimization of the OpenLog Board for Data Logging with Low Cost Hardware Platforms for Biomedical Applications

Low cost hardware and open source software tools specialized in biomedical applications have recently seen a significant growth both in popularity and diversity. Within the current landscape of such tools, BITalino is increasingly used by students and professors for educational activities and prototyping, due to its modular design and flexibility. However, there is currently no user-friendly way of storing data locally without setting up a wireless connection to a receiver unit (e.g. a computer or smartphone). This poses a problem, especially in uses cases where ambulatory data acquisition is needed. In this paper we present the LoggerBIT, a data logging block to enable data recording onto a microSD card in biomedical development toolkits, without requiring a connection to a receiver nor any particular programming or electronics skills to setup. Our work builds upon the OpenLog serial data logger, to which multiple optimisations were made in terms of hardware and firmware, overcoming limitations preventing its use in high data throughput applications. Our LoggerBIT approach is suitable for high-speed data recording, with results showing that it can log data of up to 4 analog channels at 1000 Hz for 24 hour periods without loss of packets, and from all analog channels with minimal data loss. This work contributes to the state-of-the-art with a comprehensive description and validation of the block, and with a set of supporting tools released in open source, thus available for the biomedical engineering
Secukinumab in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: efficacy and safety results through 3 years from the year 1 extension of the randomised phase III FUTURE 1 trial

Objective To assess the long-term (3 year) efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the extension phase of the FUTURE 1 study (NCT01892436). Methods Following the 2-year core trial, eligible patients receiving subcutaneous secukinumab 150 or 75 mg entered a 3-year extension phase. Results are presented for key efficacy and safety endpoints at week 156. Results In total, 460 patients entered the extension study; 308 patients originally randomised to secukinumab were assessed for efficacy. Sustained improvements in all efficacy endpoints were achieved with secukinumab through week 156. Overall, 76.8%/54.9% (secukinumab 150 mg) and 65.2%/39.0% (secukinumab 75 mg) of patients achieved an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50 response (multiple imputation data); ACR20 responses were sustained irrespective of previous anti-tumour necrosis factor exposure. Improvements in quality of life and physical function were also sustained through week 156. Radiographic results (observed data; van der Heijde modified total Sharp score (mTSS)) showed that 78.1% (secukinumab 150 mg) and 74.8% (secukinumab 75 mg) of patients had no radiographic progression (≤0.5 increase in mTSS) through week 156. Exposure-adjusted incidence rates for selected adverse events per 100 patient-years (secukinumab 150/75 mg) were serious infections (1.7/1.6), Candida infections (1.4/0.7), Crohn’s disease (0/0.3), ulcerative colitis (0/0.3) and major adverse cardiac events (0.3/0.8). Conclusion Subcutaneous secukinumab provided sustained improvements in the signs and symptoms, quality of life and physical function of patients with active PsA with low rate of radiographic disease progression through 3 years. Secukinumab was well tolerated with no new safety signals.
A Solution for Mobile Computing in a Cloud Environment for Ambient Assisted Living

The objectives of this paper is to describe the software architecture and corresponding components for collecting the data from the pilot sites within the NOAH (NOt Alone at Home) AAL European Project, the developing of software services for these locations, and the improvement of the developed software components for these locations, accordingly to the co-creation sessions. The NOAH platform is implemented as a solution for mobile computing in a cloud environment. NOAH system mostly addresses user's needs related to safety, adherence to daily living prescriptions (therapies, physical activity, etc.), motivation and self-esteem, participation in social life. Exploiting accumulated knowledge about user's activity and needs, NOAH provides the user with context-sensitive support.
From Optical Symbol Recognition (OSR) of Point Clouds to the Substation Information Model

Laser scanning today represents one of the most sophisticated geodetic metering methods. This method is becoming more relevant in all substations areas. The challenge is to convert the raw point clouds into smart substation information models. This paper describes how a software provides new tools to radically improve the workflow and the time needed to convert point clouds into intelligent 3D substation models - based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. This then allows experts to take advantage of modern substation engineering methods and calculations.
GPR Measurements for Diagnosing Tree Trunk

We developed a framework of inspecting tree trunks with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in non-destructive manner for diagnosing the health, which have commonly been performed by drilling. The reflection measurement collects data by scanning antennas around a tree trunk, and the detailed image of internal structure is constructed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing, taking the trunk shape into account. The transmission measurements allows us to distinguish heartwood and decay, which is difficult by the reflection imaging alone. The data analysis is demonstrated with synthetic data as well as a laboratory experiment with a log. We also present the developed framework applied to a tree inspection project for very old trees in a shrine. We successfully obtained reasonable results, which are consistent with the visual inspection results.
Variable-Channel Junctionless Poly-Si FETs: Demonstration and Investigation With Different Body Doping Concentrations

In this letter, tri-gate polycrystalline silicon variable-channel junctionless transistors (VC-JLTs), which consist of a counter-doped p-type body below an n<sup>+</sup> active device layer, are successfully demonstrated to show a better performance compared with conventional tri-gate nanosheet (NS) JLTs. Because the potential barrier between the n-channel and p-body in the VC-JLT can be controlled by the gate, the effective conduction channel behaves as a “variable” channel, in which the conduction thickness is thinner or thicker than the physical n<sup>+</sup> thickness for the OFF or ON state, respectively. Consequently, the VC-JLT can turn OFF more efficiently due to the enhanced volume depletion and turn ON with a smaller series resistance owing to the augmented conduction volume. In addition, for the first time, the impact of the body doping concentration is investigated and the performance sensitivities of VC-JLTs in terms of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, S.S. , and DIBL are discussed with respect to the dopant redistribution. Furthermore, the quality factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/S.S.) of the VC-JLT is also benchmarked with recently published poly-Si JLTs, showing that the proposed VC-JLT exhibits good S.S. and a record <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which makes it as a promising device for 3-D integrated nanoelectronics.
Dynamic Performance Profiling of Cloud Caches

Large-scale in-memory object caches such as memcached are widely used to accelerate popular web sites and to reduce burden on backend databases. Yet current cache systems give cache operators limited information on what resources are required to optimally accommodate the present workload. This paper focuses on a key question for cache operators: how much total memory should be allocated to the in-memory cache tier to achieve desired performance? We present our Mimir system: a lightweight online profiler that hooks into the replacement policy of each cache server and produces graphs of the overall cache hit rate as a function of memory size. The profiler enables cache operators to dynamically project the cost and performance impact from adding or removing memory resources within a distributed in-memory cache, allowing "what-if" questions about cache performance to be answered without laborious offline tuning. Internally, Mimir uses a novel lock-free algorithm and lookup filters for quickly and dynamically estimating hit rate of LRU caches. Running Mimir as a profiler requires minimal changes to the cache server, thanks to a lean API. Our experiments show that Mimir produces dynamic hit rate curves with over 98% accuracy and 2--5% overhead on request latency and throughput when Mimir is run in tandem with memcached, suggesting online cache profiling can be a practical tool for improving provisioning of large caches.
Comparative Metabolic Phenotyping of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for the Identification of Metabolic Signatures in Cultivars Differing in Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important dietary source which contains numerous bioactive phytochemicals. Active breeding programs constantly produce new cultivars possessing superior and desirable traits. However, the underlying molecular signatures that functionally describe these traits are yet to be elucidated. Thus, in this study we used an untargeted metabolomic approach to describe differential metabolic profiles of four cultivars described as having high to intermediate resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum. Metabolites were methanol-extracted from leaves, stems and root tissues and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high definition mass spectrometry. Multivariate data analysis revealed cultivar-related differential metabolic phenotypes. A total of 41 metabolites were statistically selected and annotated, consisting of amino acids, organic acids, lipids, derivatives of cinnamic acid and benzoic acids, flavonoids and steroidal glycoalkaloids which were especially prominent in the two highly resistant cultivars. Interestingly, the less resistant cultivars had various fatty acid derivatives in root extracts that contributed to the differentiated metabolic signatures. Moreover, the metabolic phenotype of the STAR9008 (8SC) cultivar with intermediate resistance, was characterized by derivatives of cinnamic acids and flavonoids but at lower levels compared to the resistant cultivars. The 8SC cultivar also exhibited a lack of hydroxybenzoic acid biomarkers, which may be attributed to its lower resistance. These metabolic phenotypes provide insights into the differential metabolic signatures underlying the metabolism of these four cultivars, defining their respective phenotypic traits such as their resistance, tolerance or susceptibility to Ralstonia solanacearum.
Effects of Antioxidants in Reducing Accumulation of Fat in Hepatocyte

The progress of the hepatic steatosis (HS), a clinicopathological status, is influenced by cellular oxidative stress, lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) oxidation, and inflammatory responses. Because antioxidants are gaining attention as potent preventive agents for HS, we aimed to investigate anti-lipogenic effects of the antioxidants vitamin C (VC), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and astaxanthin (ATX) using hepatocytes. For this, we established an in vitro model using 1 mM oleic acid (OA) and human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells; 10 μM antioxidants were evaluated for their ability to reduce fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Our results showed that all three antioxidants were effective to reduce fat accumulation for the molecular targets such as reduction in lipid droplets, triglyceride (TG) concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis, as well as in gene expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related effectors, lipogenesis, and inflammatory cytokines. There were simultaneous increases in diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, cell survival, AMPK phosphorylation, NRF2-related gene expression for cellular defense, and FA β-oxidation. However, among these, ATX more effectively inhibited ER stress and lipogenesis at the intracellular level than VC or NAC. Consequently, ATX was also more effective in inhibiting cell death, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Our result emphasizes that ATX achieved greater lipotoxicity reduction than VC and NAC.
Compensating the Cross-Talk in Two-Mode Continuous-Variable Quantum Communication

We address distribution of two-mode continuous-variable entanglement in the presence of linear cross-talk and channel imperfections. We show how cross-talk degrades entanglement and leads to necessity of optimization of the initial entangled resource. We suggest a method for compensating the cross-talk by a phase-flipping beamsplitter, which can optimally remove the negative effect of cross-talk once the modes undergo almost the same channel attenuation.
PRDM9, a driver of the genetic map

During meiosis, maternal and paternal chromosomes undergo exchanges by homologous recombination. This is essential for fertility and contributes to genome evolution. In many eukaryotes, sites of meiotic recombination, also called hotspots, are regions of accessible chromatin, but in many vertebrates, their location follows a distinct pattern and is specified by PR domain-containing protein 9 (PRDM9). The specification of meiotic recombination hotspots is achieved by the different activities of PRDM9: DNA binding, histone methyltransferase, and interaction with other proteins. Remarkably, PRDM9 activity leads to the erosion of its own binding sites and the rapid evolution of its DNA-binding domain. PRDM9 may also contribute to reproductive isolation, as it is involved in hybrid sterility potentially due to a reduction of its activity in specific heterozygous contexts.
Opportunities for intervention: stroke treatments, disability and mortality in urban Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE Given the high post-stroke mortality and disability and paucity of data on the quality of stroke care in Sub-Saharan Africa, we sought to characterize the implementation of stroke-focused treatments and 90-day outcomes of neuroimaging-confirmed stroke patients at the largest referral hospital in Tanzania. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, July 2016-March 2017. PARTICIPANTS Adults with new-onset stroke (<14 days), confirmed by head CT, admitted to MNH. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Modified Rankin scale (mRS) and vital status. RESULTS Of 149 subjects (mean age 57; 48% female; median NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) 19; 46% ischemic stroke; 54% hemorrhagic), implementation of treatments included: dysphagia screening (80%), deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis (0%), aspirin (83%), antihypertensives (89%) and statins (95%). There was limited ability to detect atrial fibrillation and carotid artery disease and no acute thrombolysis or thrombectomy. Of ischemic subjects, 19% died and 56% had severe disability (mRS 4-5) at discharge; 49% died by 90 days. Of hemorrhagic subjects, 33% died and 49% had severe disability at discharge; 50% died by 90 days. In a multivariable model, higher NIHSS score but not dysphagia, unconsciousness, or patient age was predictive of death by 90 days. CONCLUSIONS The 90-day mortality of stroke presenting at MNH is 50%, much higher than in higher income settings. Although severe stroke presentations are a major factor, efforts to improve the quality of care and prevent complications of stroke are urgently needed. Acute stroke interventions with low number needed to treat represent challenging long-term goals.
Human antimicrobial cytotoxic T lymphocytes, defined by NK receptors and antimicrobial proteins, kill intracellular bacteria

Intracellular bacteria are killed by human antimicrobial CD8+ T cells that express NKG2C and secrete granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin. Killer trifecta Cytotoxic granule proteins secreted by CD8+ T cells contribute to host immunity to intracellular bacterial pathogens by assisting in the killing of both infected cells and intracellular bacteria. Balin et al. studied the ability of subsets of human CD8+ T cells expressing different combinations of granule proteins to kill macrophages infected with Mycobacterium leprae. The CD8+ T cell subset with the highest efficiency of mycobacterial killing simultaneously expressed three granule proteins: granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin. Transcriptional profiling of CD8+ T cell subsets identified the NK-activating receptor NKG2C as a valuable surface marker for identification and enrichment of these potent antimicrobial CD8+ T cells. The results of this study define a specific lymphocyte subset needed for effective immune defense against human leprosy. Human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to antimicrobial defense against intracellular pathogens through secretion of cytotoxic granule proteins granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin. However, CTLs are heterogeneous in the expression of these proteins, and the subset(s) responsible for antimicrobial activity is unclear. Studying human leprosy, we found that the subset of CTLs coexpressing all three cytotoxic molecules is increased in the resistant form of the disease, can be expanded by interleukin-15 (IL-15), and is differentiated from naïve CD8+ T cells by Langerhans cells. RNA sequencing analysis identified that these CTLs express a gene signature that includes an array of surface receptors typically expressed by natural killer (NK) cells. We determined that CD8+ CTLs expressing granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin, as well as the activating NK receptor NKG2C, represent a population of “antimicrobial CTLs” (amCTLs) capable of T cell receptor (TCR)–dependent and TCR-independent release of cytotoxic granule proteins that mediate antimicrobial activity.