Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Computational Framework for Procedural Abduction Done by Smart Cyber-Physical Systems

To be able to provide appropriate services in social and human application contexts, smart cyber-physical systems (S-CPSs) need ampliative reasoning and decision-making (ARDM) mechanisms. As one option, procedural abduction (PA) is suggested for self-managing S-CPSs. PA is a knowledge-based computation and learning mechanism. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive description of the computational framework proposed for PA. Towards this end, first the essence of smart cyber-physical systems is discussed. Then, the main recent research results related to computational abduction and ampliative reasoning are discussed. PA facilitates beliefs-driven contemplation of the momentary performance of S-CPSs, including a ‘best option’-based setting of the servicing objective and realization of any demanded adaptation. The computational framework of PA includes eight clusters of computational activities: (i) run-time extraction of signals and data by sensing, (ii) recognition of events, (iii) inferring about existing situations, (iv) building awareness of the state and circumstances of operation, (v) devising alternative performance enhancement strategies, (vi) deciding on the best system adaptation, (vii) devising and scheduling the implied interventions, and (viii) actuating effectors and controls. Several cognitive algorithms and computational actions are used to implement PA in a compositional manner. PA necessitates not only a synergic interoperation of the algorithms, but also an objective-dependent fusion of the pre-programmed and the run time acquired chunks of knowledge. A fully fledged implementation of PA is underway, which will make verification and validation possible in the context of various smart CPSs.
Annual variation and analysis of nutrients in aquaculture area of Daya Bay

The continuous survey was carried out from June 2002 to June 2003 monthly in sea area of Dapeng'ao in Daya Bay.Annual variation characteristics and sources of inorganic nitrogen,phosphor and silicate were analyzed.The result shows that the range of concentration of inorganic nitrogen was 0.0103～0.5646 mg/L,and the highest concentration of inorganic nitrogen was in September,and the variations range was big.The range of concentration of PO_4-P was 0～0.0129 mg/L,and the highest concentration of PO_4-P was in April at the nuclear power plant drainage,and in September at three other areas.The range of concentration of SiO_2-Si was 0.0204～1.4706 mg/L,The concentration of SiO_2-Si at outfall area was higher than at three other areas from June to November.The variations range of concentration of SiO_2-Si was smaller at aquaculture area and nuclear power plant drainage.The source of inorganic nitrogen is aquaculture area itself and surface runoff and phosphor aquaculture area itself.But,the source of silicate is the surface runoff.The influence factors on the phytoplankton in the sea area,P was first and N second.Si was the richest nutrient salt in the sea area.
THE ROLE OF A STRAIN OF Bacillus mucilaginosus ON WEATHERING OF PHOSPHORITE ROCK UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

The authors have examined the microbiological weathering effect of phosphorite by using Bacillus mucilaginosus strain as an example under laboratorial conditions.In liquid culture,incubation in static state,the weathering of apatite with the bacteria was done by using the contrast method: apatite powder(100 mesh) was put in the liquid culture medium in a flask,the medium was autoclaved,followed by fungus inoculation for the study of direct weathering process;a dialysis bag with apatite powder(100 mesh) was put in the liquid culture medium in the flask,the medium was autoclaved,followed by bacteria inoculation so as to study the indirect weathering process.The supernatants collected at different incubation periods were determined in terms of the concentrations of Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,Mn2+,Al3+,Fe3+ and K+ by ICP-OES.The contents of water soluble phosphorus(Pws) and silicon(Siws) were determined by colorimetry in the filtrate.The solids were quantified and digested on the filter paper.The main cation concentrations and Pws,Siws in digest liquid were measured by the above method.The remaining minerals were micromorphologically analyzed by means of an electron microprobe,and the mineral composition was determined by XRD.The results showed that the direct weathering process was stronger than the indirect one.B. mucilaginosus had a capability of weathering toward phosphorite,and stronger ability to clay minerals.Based on our experimental results,it is concluded that the mechanical breakage of bacterial growth,the bio-degradation of extra cellular macromolecules,and the integrated operation of many factors seem to be the reasons for the bio-weathering of minerals.
Fused airborne LiDAR and hyperspectral data for tree species identification in a natural temperate forest

This paper presents a method for the fusion of the airborne Light Detection and Ranging ( LiDAR) Canopy Height Model ( CHM) and the hyperspectral Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager ( CASI) data ( CASI + CHM) to take advantage of vertical structural and spectral information as well as to evaluate the classification capacity of fusion data. Tree species in a natural temperate forest were successfully identified and compared with CASI data. Based on the vertical information obtained by using LiDAR, forest gap pixels were masked,whereas canopy pixels were acquired. In addition to the mean heights of tree species,training samples were extracted using the first derivative of a spectral curve with curve matching technology. Classification accuracies were compared between the fused data and data without CHM. The results show that the total accuracy and kappa coefficient ( 83. 88% ,0. 80) of CASI + CHM is better than those of CASI data alone ( 76. 71% ,0. 71) ,with the mapping accuracy and user accuracy of dominant species reaching a range of 78. 43% —89. 22% and 75. 15% —95. 65% ,respectively. These results are also better than those obtained through CASI data alone ( 68. 51% —84. 69% and 63. 34% —95. 45% ) . The proposed method for tree species i dentification in a natural temperate forest is feasible with fused LiDAR and hyperspectral data.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Pearl River Estuary and Shenzhen Bay based on the Information Analysis Theory

According to the information analysis theory, the temporal-spatial structure and analysis pattern of suspended sediment concentration are studied. Due to the randomness and periodicity of the temporal structure and the regional differences of the spatial structure in suspended sediment concentration, the temporal analysis pattern of suspended sediment concentration is divided into time-span analysis pattern and time-varying analysis pattern. The time-span analysis pattern is further divided into backward analysis, present analyzes and forecast analysis,while time-varying analysis pattern is sub-divided into long-term trend change analysis, periodic change analysis and irregular change analysis. The spatial analysis pattern of suspended sediment concentration is divided into space change analysis pattern and spatial analogy analysis pattern. Spatial change analysis is further divided into distance attenuation analysis, trend surface analysis, zoning analysis and vertical changes analysis, while spatial analogy analysis pattern is divided into different time analog analyses in the same area, different time analog analyses in different regions and different regional analog analyses at the same time etc. In this paper, the temporal-spatial law of suspended sediment concentration in the Pearl River estuary and Shenzhen Bay based on the above temporal-spatial analysis pattern are studied. The study results indicate the periodic change of the suspended sediment concentration in the Pearl River estuary. To specify, the suspended sediment concentration is higher in summer than in spring and autumn, and it can be the lowest in winter. In addition, the concentration contour is roughly parallel to the coastline and the values decrease from river mouth to the open sea. On the side, the suspended sediment concentration in the Shenzhen Bay also shows an obvious spatial distribution as well as a tidal cycle in its temporal variation. The suspended sediment concentration usually decreases from northwest to southeast. In view of the vertical changes, the suspended sediment concentration often decreases from the bottom to the top, and its vertical changing pattern generally coincides with the logarithmic equation. The study results also indicate that the temporal-spatial law of suspended sediment concentration can be learnt comprehensively if the suspended sediment concentration is analyzed with the method of long-term trend change analysis, periodic change analysis, irregular change analysis, backward analysis, now analyzes, forecast analysis, etc.
Optimasi Tingkat Hidup Udang Crystal Red Dengan Menerapkan Metode Fuzzy Logic Berbasis Iot

Abstrak Banyak orang yang telah mencoba untuk membudidayakan Crystal Red Shrimp, tetapi banyak yang mengalami kegagalan akibat dari kematian masal udang. Hal tersebut seringkali terjadi karena buruknya kualitas air budidaya dan rendahnya kemampuan adaptasi lingkungan dari udang tersebut. Sangat penting untuk melakukan pengembangan sebuah sistem untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, khususnya pada pemantauan dan pengendalian kualitas air. Penelitian ini membuat sebuah sistem pemantauan dan pengendalian otomatis kualitas air menggunakan Fuzzy Inference System berbasis Internet of Things. Sistem ini menggunakan beberapa sensor antara lain suhu ruangan, suhu air, Dissolved Oxygen, dan turbidity. Sensor-sensor tersebut terhubung pada Raspberry pi 3 yang telah ditanam sebuah sistem menggunakan Fuzzy Inference System untuk mengontrol aktuator secara otomatis. Sistem real-time monitoring dapat diakses melalui Thingspeak dan juga MQTT. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai akurasi dari Real-time monitoring sebesar 97,93%. Untuk prosentase keberhasilan dari sistem berdasarkan tingkat hidup adalah 90% Sedangkan pertumbuhan Crystal Red Shrimp selama 3 minggu dengan nilai rata-rata 2,191 atau 0,191cm lebih optimal daripada yang melalui proses budidaya konvensional. Kata kunci : Akuarium, Internet of Things, Monitoring, Sensor, Otomasi. Abstract A lot of people have been tried to cultivate Crystal Red Shrimp, but many have failed due to mass shrimp deaths. It usually happens because of the poor quality of water cultivation and low environmental adaptability of the shrimp. It is very important to develop a system to solve the problem, especially on the monitoring and controlling of air quality. This research introduces air quality monitoring and control system using Fuzzy Inference System based on Internet of Things. This system uses several sensors such as temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. The sensors are connected to Raspberry pi 3 which has been implanted in a system using Fuzzy Inference System to automatically control the actuator. The real-time monitoring system can be accessed via Halpeak and also MQTT. From the research results obtained the accuracy of Real-time monitoring of 97.93%. To achieve 90% Growth of Red Crystals for 3 weeks with an average value of 2.191 or 0.1,91 cm more optimal compared with conventional processes. Keywords: Aquarium, Internet of Things, Monitoring, Sensor, Automation.
Values and Ethics in Human-Computer Interaction

An important public discussion is underway on the values and ethics of digital technologies as designers work to prevent misinformation campaigns, online harassment, exclusionary tools, and biased algorithms. This monograph reviews 30 years of research on theories and methods for surfacing values and ethics in technology design. It maps the history of values research, beginning with critique of design from related disciplines and responses in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. The review then explores ongoing controversies in values-oriented design, including disagreements around terms, expressions and indicators of values and ethics, and whose values to consider. Next, the monograph describes frameworks that attempt to move values-oriented design into everyday design settings. These frameworks suggest open challenges and opportunities for the next 30 years of values in HCI research. The version of records is available at : http://dx.doi. org/10.1561/1100000073
Spatial-temporal variations of lake area in Hoh Xil region in the past 40 years

As one of the areas with numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,the Hoh Xil region plays an extremely important role in the fragile plateau eco-environment.Based on topographic maps in the 1970s and Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images in the 1990s and the period from 2000 to 2011,the data of 83 lakes with the area above 10 km2 were obtained by digitization method and artificial visual interpretation technology,and the causes for lake variations were also analyzed.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) From the 1970s to 2011,the lakes in the Hoh Xil region firstly shrank and then expanded.In particular,the area of lakes generally decreased during the 1970s-1990s.Then the lakes expanded during the 1990s-2000 and their area was slightly higher compared with the 1970s.The area of lakes dramatically increased after 2000. (2) From 2000 to 2011,the lakes with different area scales in the Hoh Xil region showed an overall expansion trend.Meanwhile,some regional differences were also discovered.Most of the lakes expanded and were widely distributed in the northern,central and western parts of the region.Some lakes merged together or overflowed due to their rapid expansion.A small number of lakes with the trend of area decrease or strong fluctuation were scattered in the central and southern parts of the study area.And their variations were related to their own supply conditions or hydraulic connection with the downstream lakes or rivers. (3) The increase in precipitation was the dominant factor resulting in the expansion of lakes in the Hoh Xil region.The secondary factor was the increase in melt water from glaciers and frozen soil due to climate warming.
Plant science: Insect-resistant GM rice in farmers' fields: Assessing productivity and health effects in China

Although no country to date has released a major genetically modified (GM) food grain crop, China is on the threshold of commercializing GM rice. This paper studies two of the four GM varieties that are now in farm-level pre-production trials, the last step before commercialization. Farm surveys of randomly selected farm households that are cultivating the insect-resistant GM rice varieties, without the aid of experimental station technicians, demonstrate that when compared with households cultivating non-GM rice, small and poor farm households benefit from adopting GM rice by both higher crop yields and reduced use of pesticides, which also contribute to improved health.
Trajectory Pattern Mining: Methods and Applications

With the advent of location-based social media and locationacquisition technologies, trajectory data are becoming more and more ubiquitous in the real world. A lot of data mining algorithms have been successfully applied to trajectory data sets. Trajectory pattern mining has received a lot of attention in recent years. In this paper, we review the most inuential methods as well as typical applications within the context of trajectory pattern mining.
Influence of authigenic chlorite on reservoir properties of Chang 8 oil reservoir set in Zhenbei area,Ordos Basin

The authigenic chlorite is frequently observed in sandstone and may heavily influence the reservoir properties.Based on observation of thin section,cast slices and scanning electronic microscope,we studied the mechanism of authigenic chlorite generation and its influences on sandstone reservoir properties of Chang 8 oil reservoir set in Zhenbei area of Ordos Basin.The results show that:①The authigenic chlorite is mainly presented in the form of chlorite coatings and chlorite rosettes,and the formation of internal layer of grain coatings began at the contemporaneous sedimentary stage.After the authigenic chlorite formed,pore-lining chlorite of outer layer grew towards the direction of the porosity perpendicular to the internal layer coatings by ctenoid at the mid-diagenetic stage.The formation of chlorite rosettes formed in the more capacious porosity at the late diagenetic stage. ②The authigenic chlorite influenced the reservoir properties on two aspects:on the one hand,the authigenic chlorite is to the benefit of the preserve of primary porosity,it restrains the secondary enlargement of authigenic quartz by changing the porosity micro-environment and occupying the space on the detrital quartz surface;on the other hand,the permeability of the sandstone reservoir is reduced,although the authigenic chlorite has protected the primary porosity,it also occupies the space of throat,finally,it leads to the contents of authigenic chlorite is negative related to the permeability.
Reliable data gathering in the Internet of Things using artificial bee colony

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables physical devices to communicate with each other for preparing, gathering, and sharing hazard warnings or critical information without human intervention. With respect to emergency applications of IoT technology, an essential issue is to provide an efficient and robust scheme for data gathering. The proposed solution in the existing approaches is to construct a spanning tree over the IoT devices and collect data using the tree. The shortcoming of these algorithms is that they do not take into account the probability of device mobility or failure. In such cases, the spanning tree is split, and it becomes impossible to deliver critical data to the base station on time. In this paper, we propose a reliable spanning tree construction algorithm, which is called reliable spanning tree construction in IoT (RST-IoT). Our algorithm utilizes the artificial bee colony algorithm to generate proper trees. In this method, hop count distances of the devices from the base station, residual energies of the devices, and their mobility probabilities are considered to measure the appropriateness of the trees. Moreover, the proposed algorithm generates a number of trees instead of a single one. These trees are arranged according to their preferences and used for data gathering in succession. Each tree is employed for data gathering upon splitting the preceding one. The simulation results show that RST-IoT improves the reliability of data gathering in emergency applications compared to the previous approaches.
An Evaluation of Head-Mounted Displays in an Airborne Command and Control Simulation Environment

An examination of HMDs to ameliorate the problems associated with display clutter in an Air Battle Management environment was conducted. Information to complete tasks was given via two HMDs, on the primary display, or via paper. The results indicated that the paper condition engendered a higher percent of correct responses and faster response times in several of the tasks performed. The specific experimental results are presented and future experimental design propositions are discussed.
A Preliminary Evaluation of Broadband Stations in Nigeria

Preliminary evaluation of the performance of the Broadband Seismic Stations in Nigeria has been carried out. The aim is to test the recording capability, data quality for research and estimate the signal to noise ratios of the stations. The methodology involves the noise analysis for the Kaduna station located on basement complex in the northern part of Nigeria, and Nsukka station on the sedimentary basin in the South, using the Pascal Quick Look Extended (PQLX) package. In the first instance, data used in the research were continuously recorded during 2010 for 1-year period. Power spectral densities were computed from one-hour long data segments from both stations. Secondly, possible sources of noise to the stations as well as their signal to noise ratios (SNR) were estimated. Results from the first and second approaches were compared with the global noise models of Peterson’s. Thirdly, data from both stations were tested for research reliability using noise correlation and receiver functions techniques. The results showed high noise levels at both stations; low SNR at Nsukka and high SNR at Kaduna. Findings also showed that sources of noise Original Research Article Afegbua et al.; AIR, 17(4): 1-15, 2018; Article no.AIR. 39641 2 to the stations are both natural and anthropogenic in nature. Results from noise correlations and receiver functions indicated that the correlations are antisymmetric indicating that the noise sources are non-uniform. The seasonal variations of the noise were also observed on the monthly correlations. The receiver functions computed from Nsukka station did not provide a sufficient number of receiver functions. There was no clear Moho conversion at Kaduna station and the results of H-K stack were poor. Findings from this study are expected to serve as references towards illuminating operational impediment associated with broadband stations in Nigeria and useful measures have been provided in this paper to improve data quality for healthy research.
REVIEW: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON HALOPHYTES AND SALINE ADAPTATIONS Regulation of water balance in mangroves

†Background Mangroves are a group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants. The high water use efficiency of mangroves under saline conditions suggests that regulation of water transport is a crucial component of their salinity tolerance. †Scope This review focuses on the processes that contribute to the ability of mangroves to maintain water uptake and limit water loss to the soil and the atmosphere under saline conditions, from micro to macro scales. These processes include: (1) efficient filtering of the incoming water to exclude salt; (2) maintenance of internal osmotic potentials lower than that of the rhizosphere; (3) water-saving properties; and (4) efficient exploitation of less-saline water sources when these become available. †Conclusions Mangroves are inherently plastic and can change their structure at the root, leaf and stand levels in response to salinity in order to exclude salt from the xylem stream, maintain leaf hydraulic conductance, avoid cavitation and regulatewater loss (e.g. suberization of roots and alterations of leaf size, succulence and angle, hydraulic anatomy and biomass partitioning). However, much is still unknown about the regulation of water uptake in mangroves, such as how they sense and respond to heterogeneity in root zone salinity, the extent to which they utilize non-stomatally derived CO2 as a water-saving measure and whether they can exploit atmospheric water sources.
A Robust Phase Unwrapping Method to Coregistration Error for Multibaseline InSAR Systems

We propose a robust phase unwrapping method to coregistration error for multibaseline InSAR systems.In the method,the optimal joint data vector is determined by the direction of the coregistration,the true steering vector with large coregistration error is computed according to the data vector,and then the beamforming technique with the steering vector is used to unwrapping the InSAR interferometric phase.The method can carry out image coregistration,interferometric phase noise filtering and phase unwrapping simultaneously.Computer simulation results show that the method can provide accurate estimate of the absolutely interferometric phase even when the coregistration error reaches one pixel.