Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Java : programming language guide

"An excellent book, crammed with good advice on using the Java™ programming language and object-oriented programming in general. " --Gilad Bracha, Computational Theologist, Sun Microsystems, Inc., and co-author of The Java™ Language Specification, Second Edition "I sure wish I had this book ten years ago. Some might think that I don't need any Java books, but I need this one. " --James Gosling, Fellow and Vice President, Sun Microsystems, Inc., and inventor of the Java™ programming languageAre you looking for a concise book packed with insight and wisdom not found elsewhere? Need to really understand the Java programming language; that is, really understand it? Do you want to write code that is clear, correct, robust, and reusable? Look no further! The book you are holding will provide you with this and many other benefits you may not even know you were looking for. Become a more effective programmer.Featuring fifty-seven valuable rules of thumb, Effective Java™ Programming Language Guide contains working solutions to the programming challenges most developers encounter every day. Offering comprehensive descriptions of techniques used by the experts who developed the Java platform, the book reveals what to do--and what not to do--in order to produce clear, robust, and efficient code.Each rule appears in the form of a short, stand-alone essay offering insight, code examples, and "war stories" from this uniquely qualified author. The essays include specific advice and insights into the subtleties of the language and are illustrated with exceptional code examples. Throughout the book, common language idioms and design patterns are examined and insightful and enlightening tips and techniques are provided.Coverage includes: Customary and effective language usage that is saturated with expert advice in a concise, readable, and easy-to-access format. Patterns, antipatterns, and idioms to help you get the most out of the Java platform. Commonly misunderstood subtleties of the language and its libraries: how to avoid the traps and pitfalls. Focus on the language and its most fundamental libraries: java.lang, java.util, and, to a lesser extent, java.io. Detailed coverage of serialization, including practical advice that is not available elsewhere.Appealing to a broad spectrum of the programming community, Effective Java™ Programming Language Guide presents the most practical, authoritative guidelines available for writing efficient, well-designed programs for the Java platform. 0201310058B07092001
Energy Harvesting Techniques in Internet of Things-A survey

IoT(Internet of Things) itself is a very broad concept that includes various technologies that help the people to interact with the real life objects. With the growing demand of the electronic gadgets, it is very important for the researchers and scientists to improvise IoT in terms of energy harvesting. This paper contains various layers of IoT in architecture, domains of IoT, various applications etc. It also includes various energy harvesting techniques that uses various sources like solar , wind, vibration and piezoelectric for IoT. In this paper we will mainly discuss about Energy Harvesting Techniques.
Simplification automatique de scènes par traitement numérique d'images en vue d'une restitution tactile pour handicapés de la vue

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 425 (1982)Laboratoire de traitement des signaux 1 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-425Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
Different Methods of Staining to optimize Smear Microscopy for Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem especially in low income and high incidence countries like India. Aim of the study was to access and compare sensitivity and specificity of Light emitting Diode Fluorescent Microscopy (LED FM) over Light microscopy (LM) for diagnosis of pulmonary (PTB) and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Methods: 1446 pulmonary and 328 extra pulmonary cases suspected of tuberculosis were included in the study. Sputum samples were collected on 2 successive days while only one EPTB specimen was received in the laboratory. Results: Out of 2767 sputum specimen and 328 EPTB specimen evaluated, 603 (21.79%) sputum and 16 (4.84%) EPTB respectively were grown on culture and considered positive for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The sensitivity for sputum samples from ZN stain direct smear and concentration sputum smear by LM was 57.88% and 67% respectively, while the specificity of both direct and concentration smears by LM ZN staining was 100%. In case of sputum samples sensitivity of LED FM has drastically increased to 82.09% and the specificity is only slightly lower than LM that is 99.88%. For EPTB sensitivity for direct smear by LM was found to be 12.50% and concentration smear was 18.75% with 100% specificity. With LED FM sensitivity was enhanced by 43.75% with only marginally less specificity as 99.67%. All differences between culture and smear positive were highly statistically significant. (P value <0.0001). Conclusion: LED FM has higher sensitivity and almost similar specificity (p value <0.0001). Since it has many beneficial attributes it can be a certain substitute to light microscopy and can improve and decentralize diagnostic services, especially in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Smear microscopy services should be optimized and can be used along with the add on test, to many new diagnostic approaches like cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) MTB/RIF GeneXpert.
QTL for magnitude of the plasma cortisol response to confinement in rainbow trout

Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying i nter-individual variation in stress responses and their links with production traits is a key issue for sustainable animal breeding. In this study, we searched for QTL controlling the magnitude of the plasma cortisol stress response and compared them to body size traits in f ive F2 full-sib families issued from two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for high o r low postconfinement plasma cortisol level. Approximately 1000 F2 individuals were indiv i ually tagged and exposed to two successive acute confinement challenges (one month interval). Post-stress plasma cortisol concentrations were determined for each fish. A med ium density genome scan was carried out (268 markers, overall marker spacing less than 10cM ). QTL detection was performed using QTLMap software, based on an interval mapping metho d ( ttp://www.inra.fr/qtlmap). Overall, QTL of medium individual effects on cortis ol responsiveness (<10% of phenotypic variance) were detected on nineteen chromosomes, st rongly supporting the hypothesis that control of the trait is polygenic. While a core arr ay of QTL controlled cortisol concentrations at both challenges, several QTL seemed challenge sp ecific, suggesting that responses to the first and to a subsequent exposure to the confineme t stressor are distinct traits sharing only part of their genetic control. Chromosomal location of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) makes it a good potential candidate gene for one of the QTL. Finally, comparison of body size traits QTL (weight, length and body confirmation) with cortisolassociated QTL did not support evidence for negativ e genetic relationships between the two types of traits.
AN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS

Networks are protected using many firewalls and encryption software’s. But many of them are not sufficient and effective. Therefore an intrusion detection system (IDS) is required that monitors the network, detects misbehavior or anomalies and notifies other nodes in the network to avoid or punish the misbehaving nodes. Numerous schemes have been proposed for Intrusion Detection and Response Systems, for Ad hoc networks. The ultimate goal of the security solutions for wireless networks is to provide security services, such as authentication, confidentiality, integrity, anonymity, and availability, to mobile users. In this paper, we examine the vulnerabilities of wireless networks and argue that we must include intrusion detection in the security architecture for mobile computing environment. We propose an mIDS (Mobile Intrusion Detection System) suitable for multi-hop ad-hoc wireless networks, which detects nodes misbehavior, anomalies in packet forwarding, such as intermediate nodes dropping or delaying packets. mIDS does rely on overhearing packet transmissions of neighboring nodes. Simple rules are designed to identify the misbehavior nodes. A special node called a monitor node carries out the process of identifying the misbehavior node.
Researching Undergraduate Researchers: How do Lake Forest students view undergraduate research?

In order to increase the efficiency of learning at undergraduate institutions, many educators have conducted studies on the way students are taught. These methods range from simple lecture to active learning by hands-on research and group projects. For many science majors planning to continue on to professional or graduate school, independent research is strongly encouraged and provides a gateway for professors to teach skills and content in an environment other than a classroom. Many universities have conducted studies suggesting that conducting undergraduate, lab-based research has many benefits, but these benefits and the attitude towards the benefits varied between studies. To understand what students at Lake Forest College expect from research experience, a survey was conducted using participates from core and elective biology courses. The study suggested that some groups of students may need more encouragement to engage in research while other students need reinforcement of improved skills.
Context Interchange: Representing and Reasoning About Data Semantics in Heterogeneous Systems

The Context INterchange (COIN) strategy [44; 48] presents a novel perspective for mediated data access in which semantic conflicts among heterogeneous systems are not identified a priori, but are detected and reconciled by a Context Mediator through comparison of contexts associated with any two systems engaged in data exchange. In this paper, we present a formal characterization and reconstruction of this strategy in a COIN framework, based on a deductive object-oriented data model and language called COIN. The COIN framework provides a logical formalism for representing data semantics in distinct contexts. We show that this presents a well-founded basis for reasoning about semantic disparities in heterogeneous systems. In addition, it combines the best features of looseand tight-coupling approaches in defining an integration strategy that is scalable, extensible and accessible. These latter features are made possible by allowing complexity of the system to be harnessed in small chunks, by enabling sources and receivers to remain loosely-coupled to one another, and by sustaining an infrastructure for data integration.
Eye Blinking as Addressee Feedback in Face-To-Face Conversation

ABSTRACT Does blinking function as a type of feedback in conversation? To address this question, we built a corpus of Dutch conversations, identified short and long addressee blinks during extended turns, and measured their occurrence relative to the end of turn constructional units (TCUs), the location where feedback typically occurs. Addressee blinks were indeed timed to the end of TCUs. Also, long blinks were more likely than short blinks to occur during mutual gaze, with nods or continuers, and their occurrence was restricted to sequential contexts in which signaling understanding was particularly relevant, suggesting a special signaling capacity of long blinks.
Utilizing SmartBoards to Enhance Technology Integration in University Classrooms

This paper presents the preliminary results of a university-wide effort to enhance technology integration in the classroom. The College of Education at Idaho State University has received a grant to disseminate SMARTBoards, computers and projectors to all seven colleges within the university, to train faculty in the use of the equipment, to provide support and ideas for implementing the new technology, and to collect information on faculty and student attitudes towards, and use of, the technology. It is projected that the use of a non-threatening but extremely flexible digital technology, like the SMARTBoard, will encourage faculty to develop their own original digital classroom materials, to incorporate computer technology on a regular basis, and to encourage pedagogical changes in higher education classrooms.
Analysis of TDMA based MAC Protocols with Cooperative Diversity

MAC protocol is usually contention based or reservation based. Whereas contention based protocols are easily implementable, they consumes a lot of energy and have a higher ratio of delay time and lesser throughput. On the other hand reservation based protocols like TDMA and CDMA do not need to contend the channel beforehand because all users get their turns for channel usage. Hence, while contention based protocols waste energy, reservation based protocols are energy efficient and help in increasing battery life of the devices. Furthermore, cooperative diversity is used along with MAC protocols to lessen fading. In this regard C-TDMA [1] is a very popular protocol. But the authors form a very redundant channel. This paper tries to nullify the paper’s claim; to form a good cooperative diversity MAC protocol, many number of helper (relay) nodes need to be used. The paper further proves that only a single relay node is necessary for forming a good cooperative MAC protocol. Results will prove that throughput increases and BER is also neutralized. MRC is used to deal with the direct and indirect signals in the system at the receiver. Amplify and forward has been used as the cooperative diversity technique since it is the simplest and easiest one. Overall this paper concentrates on the benefits and disadvantages of both the types very concisely and incites further research ideas. Keywords-Cooperative diversity, relay, BER, network throughput, relay selection, TDMA
Governments failing to invest in education and health

The Nature group of journals announced last week that it was extending its policy on disclosure of financial interests to include authors of review papers, in addition to authors of original research papers. Writing in the October issue of Nature Neuroscience (2003;6: 997), the journals' editors announced that they were widening their policy on financial disclosure after controversy over a review article on mood disorders published last November. In February Robert Rubin, professor of neurosciences and psychiatry at Drexell University College of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, and Bernard Carroll, of the Pacific Behavioral Research Foundation, Carmel, California, wrote to the Nature group complaining …
IMMEDIATE POST - OPERATIVE VENTRICULAR BIGEMINY IN A PATIENT OPERATED FOR OVARIAN CYSTECTOMY : A CASE REPORT

A 30 years female who was recently diagnosed as RHD with MR was posted for Rt. Ovarian cystectomy. Immediately after extubation she was having continuous ventricular bigeminy which persisted even after giving 60mg of 2% lignocaine i.v. Later 2mg of metoprolol was given which stopped the ventricular ectopics from occurring. The case report discusses the successful treatment of the ventricular bigeminy and the prevention of any complications from arising in this particular patient.
GaAs Integrated Microwave Circuits

GaAs has many desirable features that make it most useful for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits.The process of selective epitaxial depositions of high purity single-crystal GaAs with various doping concentrations into semi-insulating GaAs substrates has been developed. These high-resistivity substrates (> 10 /sup 6/ ohm cm) provide the electrical isolation between devices, eliminating the difficulties and deficiencies normally encountered in trying to obtain isolation with dielectrics, back-etching, p-n junctions, etc. This monolithic approach to integrated circuits thus allows for improved microwave performance from the devices since parasitics are reduced to a minimum. Planar Gunn oscillators and Schottky barrier diodes have been fabricated for use in a completely monolithic integrated millimeter wave (94GHz) receiving front end.The Gunn oscillators are made in a sandwich-type structure of three selective deposits whose carrier concentrations are approximately 10 /sup 18/ -10 /sup 15/ -10 /sup 18/ cm /sup -3/. The Schottky diodes consist of two deposits with concentrations of 10 /sup 18/ and 10 /sup 17/ cm /sup -3/. The Schottky contact is formed by evaporating Mo-Au onto the 10 /sup 17/ cm /sup -3/ deposits; all ohmic contacts are on the surface and are alloyed to the N+ regions.
Commentary by Wilbur and Zenk

The dramatic rise in obesity in the United States has largely been attributed to the gradual engineering of energy expenditure out of our lifestyles as we have moved from a primarily agrarian society to highly mechanized workplaces (Leermakers, Dunn, & Blair, 2000). Until recently, most physical activity interventions targeted urban-dwelling women, paying less attention to their rural counterparts. Perhaps this is partially the result of a widespread assumption that equates rural living with farming and the perception that women in farming communities continue to lead the physically active lifestyle that often accompanies family-owned farms. Thus, one may assume that they are at lower risk for obesity and associated cardiovascular and metabolic problems. The authors of this article are among the first to spotlight not only determinants of physical activity but also dietary behavior of rural women and develop tailored interventions for both. A major strength of this study is the careful attention given to recruitment. Most intervention studies have relied heavily on reactive recruitment strategies. For example, information is spread by flyers, newspaper notices, and word of mouth, leaving interested volunteers responsible for contacting the research project themselves. There are several problems with reactive recruitment strategies. First, findings cannot be generalized to a population. This investigative team used random digit dialing, a potentially powerful proactive recruitment strategy. Findings may be cautiously generalized beyond the participants of the study because every woman with a telephone in the sampling frame had the potential of being contacted. Generalization in this study may be limited by the fact that only 30% of the reached households with women aged 50 to 69 years chose, or were eligible, to participate. Indeed, the participants’annual family income and educational attainment are somewhat higher than we might have expected. A second problem with the reactive recruitment strategies that many studies employ is that they tend to yield participants in the contemplative, preparation, and action stages of physical activity (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Participants are already planning on the new behavior or have begun to make
The See More Project

Background There is no documented experience of early training with optical devices in Sweden, to our knowledge. Inspired by the PAVE Project in Nashville (Dr Anne Corn), the See More Project started in September 2003. New aspects of functional vision are considered such as: visual desire, visual efficiency, visual memory, visual strategy and visual confidence. Motivation is crucial, as is pre-optical training. Low magnifying telescopes are then introduced and finally, the optimal telescopes. Can children become more efficient and confidence in using their devices if they start at an early age? How is this accomplished? What is the right age? Method 43 families with visually impaired children (no other disabilities) were invited to participate by 4 low vision clinics in southern Sweden. 23 children and their families accepted. After the first optometric assessment, 17 children between 2 and 8 years of age met our definition of low vision: usable VA no better than 0.5 LogMAR (0.32, 6/20, 20/63).
A low-impedance open-bitline array for multigigabit DRAM

The noise-generating mechanisms inherent in the open-bitline DRAM array using the 6F/sup 2/ (F: feature size) memory cells and techniques for reducing the noise are described. The sources of differential noise coupled to the paired bitlines laid out in two arrays are the p-well, cell plate, and the group of nonselected wordlines. It was found, by simulation and by experiment with a 0.13-/spl mu/m 256-Mb test chip, that the level of noise is dramatically reduced by using a low-impedance array with careful layout featuring low-resistivity materials, tight bridging between pairs of adjacent arrays, and a small array, achieving a comparable level of noise to that seen in the twisted and folded-bitline array. On basis of these results, it turns out that the open-bitline array has a strong chance of revival in the multigigabit generation, as long as these noise reduction techniques are applied.
A buffer management mechanism for achieving approximately fair bandwidth allocation in high-speed networks

We propose a buffer management mechanism, called V-WFQ (Virtual Weighted Fair Queueing), for achieving an approximately fair allocation of bandwidth with a small amount of hardware in a high-speed network. The basic process for the allocation of bandwidth uses selective packet dropping that compares the measured input rate of the flow with an estimated fair share of bandwidth. Although V-WFQ is a hardware-efficient FIFO-based algorithm, it achieves almost ideal fairness in bandwidth allocation. V-WFQ can be implemented in the high-speed core routers of today’s IP backbone networks to provide various high-quality services. We have investigated V-WFQ’s performance in terms of fairness and link utilization through extensive simulation. The results of simulation show that V-WFQ achieves a good balance between fairness and link utilization under various simulation conditions. key words: fairness, QoS, Di -serv, high-speed network, band-
A Multi-level Parallel System for Laws Masks Abnormality Lung Detection

— Lung is a vital organ that plays a pivotal role in every second of our lives. Lungs may be affected by a number of diseases, including pulmonary edema and cancer. These diseases deemed life-sustained diseases, so they possess high preferences in detection, diagnosis, and possible treatments. In this paper, we presented a textural feature analysis framework that is capable of detecting lung abnormalities (edema or cancer) using Laws masks texture features. Laws masks are conventional texture feature extractor, and considered as one of the best methods for texture analysis in image processing. However, computing and extracting the texture features through various masks are very time consuming, whereas lung diseases demand rapid yet accurate diagnosis. Today, increased efficiency is being achieved through parallelism, and this trend is believed to continue in the future, with all computing devices likely to have many processors. Therefore, our objective is to investigate a multi-level parallel algorithm on Laws masks to describe structural variations of lung abnormalities. To our knowledge, there are no published researches that employed parallel strategies for lung abnormalities detection using Laws method. The proposed system has been experimented on real CT lung images. The results indicate that Laws texture features are capable of discriminating among normal, edema and cancerous lungs. Furthermore, applying parallel processing approaches improves significantly the overall system performance.