Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of surface functionalized iron oxide nanomaterials as a nanosorbents in extraction of toxic heavy metals from ground water: A review

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, geological erosion and natural calamities are the common factors that lead to the discharge of heavy metal ions directly into natural water resources. Heavy metals including Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, etc. are considered to be high risk for humans, animals and plants due to their toxic and ill effect. It affects human health by precipitation, adsorption and accumulation in the food chain. Its non biodegradable nature poses a serious threat to the environment. Many conventional techniques have come forward to remove heavy metals from waste water but their application is limited in term of cost, efficiency and flexibility. Adsorption technology at nanoscale dimension is regarded as a most promising one to remove heavy metals ions. Nanosorbents are very effective separation medium for toxic metals from waste water as they are known for their high surface area to mass ratio as well as high selectivity, specificity and adsorption capacities. Surface modified iron oxide nanosorbents have special advantages in purification of waste water in term of cost, flexibility, simplicity of design/operation,sensitivity to toxic pollutant, least toxic, reusable with maximum efficiency. The present review critically evaluates the potential application of surface engineered iron oxide nanosorbents in water purification.
Mesoderm Induction during Early Amphibian Development

In the process of early amphibian development, various kinds of tissues and organs differentiate from the fertilized egg. One of the most important research projects in contemporary developmental biology is the elucidation of the mechanisms of morphogenesis and cell differentiation comprising this process. Following the discovery of the organizer by Spemann and Mangold (78), many scientists grappled with this problem. It has been difficult, however, to approach and elucidate the phenomenon at the molecular level, because of the complexity of the process and insufficiency of the methods for analysis. Recently, the molecules which are responsible for amphibian mesoderm induction during the morula and blastula stages have been identified. These include b-FGF (basic-fibroblast growth factor), activins and Vgl, all of which belong to the general category of peptide growth factors (22). Mesoderm induction is the first inductive phenomenon that forms mesodermal tissues from animal hemisphere cells following a signal from the vegetal hemisphere. As a result of mesoderm induction, mesoderm anlagen such as notochord and muscle are induced, forming the germ layers and the primary embryonic axis related to morphogenesis during early embryonic induction (84). As indicated by the animal cap assay, the mesoderm-inducing substances promote the development of several kinds of mesodermal tissues and organs. Depending on the concentration of activins, several different tissues, from ventral to dorsal types, are induced in a gradient fashion. The tissues induced by inducing factors in the animal cap are exactly the same tissues as those seen in normal development, as analyzed during molecular and histological observations. At this time many genes normally expressed during development are also expressed sequentially after treatment with the inducing factors on the animal cap. The existence of these factors as natural embryo components has been identified in the form of protein or mRNA maternal information in the unfertilized eggs or in very early stages (st. 15) of Xenopus embryos. More recently the receptors of these substances have been cloned and identified in early Xenopus embryos. The pathways of signal transduction are important to determine the mechanisms by which the inducing substances exert their influence. At the same time, the competence of reacting cells, which is related to signal transduction, is an important issue. Analysis of these inducing factors, their receptors, and the mechanisms of cell differentiation have the possibility to merge the classical experimental embryology concepts to modern molecular developmental biology mechanisms (58).
Morphology, shape and phylogeny

Introduction: Morphology, Shape and Phylogenetics, N. Macleod and P. Forey Homology, Characters and Continuous Variables, C.J. Humphries Quantitative Characters, Phylogenies, and Morphometrics, J. Felsenstein Scaling, Polymorphism and Cladistic Analysis, T.C. Rae Overlapping Variables in Botanical Systems, G. Reid and K. Sidwell Comparability, Morphometrics and Phylogenetic Systematics, D.L. Swiderski, M.L. Zelditch, and W.L. Fink Phylogenetic Signals in Morphometric Data, N. Macleod Creases as Morphometric Characters, F.L. Bookstein Geometric Morphometrics and Phylogeny, F.J. Rohlf A Parametric Bootstrap Approach to the Detection of Phylogenetic Signals in Landmark Data, T.M. Cole III, S. Lele, and J.T. Richtsmeier Phylogenetic Tests for Differences in Shape and the Importance of Divergence Times: Eldredge's Enigma Explored, P.D. Polly Ancestral States and Evolutionary Rates of Continuous Characters, A.J. Webster and A. Purvis Modelling the Evolution of Continuously Varying Characters on Phylogenetic Trees: The Case of Hominid Cranial Capacity Summary
Synergism Among VA Mycorrhiza,Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Rhizobium for Symbiosis with Blackgram（Vigna mungo L.） Under Field Conditions

A field experiment was conducted at the G.B. Pant University Research Station, Ujhani (U.P.) in rainy (Kharif) season of the year 1994-1995 to study the effect of Rhizobium, VAM (vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza) and PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria) inoculation, with and without P, on blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) seed yield. Phosphorus application in soil with medium P content (5.4 mg kg1) increased nodulation, grain yield, N and P in plant and grain over no phosphorus control. Forty kilograms of P2O5 each hactare recorded an increase of 20.6 % in nodule dry weight, significant increases of 0.35 g kg-1 in N concentration and 1.28 g kg-1 in P concentration of plant over 20 kg P2O5 ha-1. Similar significant increases of 0.59 g kg-1 in grain yield and 0.54 and 0.23 g kg-1 in N and P concentrations of the grain, respectively, over 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 were also obtained with higher dose. Inoculation of Rhizobium + VAM + PSB at all the stages of plant growth recorded maximum increases in all the parameters studied. Dual inoculation of Rhizobium with either VAM or PSB was generally significant in the effect and better than that of VAM + PSB, however, P accumulation in plant and grain was more with VAM + PSB. Among single inoculations, Rhizobium gave highest and 21.0 % more nodule number, 34.7 % more nodule dry mass, 0.73 g kg-1 more N in grain and 4.2 % higher grain yield over PSB. PSB, however, registered significant increases in P concentration in plant and grain over VAM and Rhizobium.
Human population biology: a transdisciplinary science.

This is a collection of 15 articles by various authors published as a tribute to biological anthropologist Paul T. Baker. The papers are organized under five headings: demography and population; genetics epidemiology and clinical medicine; physiology and the environment; the life cycle; and transdisciplinary approaches to the study of human biology. Aspects of research and methodologies are covered and some of the work conducted by Baker is described. (ANNOTATION)
Browning inhibition on fresh‐cut chestnut kernel by exogenous nitric oxide

Summary The potential usage of nitric oxide (NO) as a powerful anti-browning agent in fresh-cut chestnut kernels was investigated. Chestnut kernels were dipped in 0, 1, 5 or 10 μm NO solutions for 10 min, respectively, and then stored at 20 °C. Changes of browning index and colour were evaluated, while content of total phenols, activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) and individual phenolic compounds were measured. The results showed that NO treatment delayed browning and lightness of chestnut kernels and 5 μm NO treatment had the best control effect compared with others. PPO and POD activities were inhibited and total phenolic content was increased in NO-treated fruit, and 5 μm NO significantly increased the content of catechin, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, phloretic acid and ferulic acid but inhibited that of tannic acid. However, it had no significant effect on caffeic acid.
Non-Abelian T-Duality from Penrose Limit of the Pilch-Warner Solution

In this paper we consider the non-abelian T-duality (NATD) of a certain plane wave background, namely the Penrose limit of the Pilch-Warner solution. The newly obtained T-dual pp-wave metric and NS two-form are naturally more complicated from those in the original theory, because NATD procedure mixes the coordinates in a non-trivial way. We also derive the NAT-dual R-R sector by applying the Fourier-Mukai transform on the corresponding pp-wave R-R fluxes. PACS codes: 11.25. Tq, 11.25. Uv
Regeneration: Growth Factors in Limb Regeneration

The remarkable phenomenon of limb regeneration in vertebrates is limited to some, but not all, amphibians. Despite this, it is widely believed that the ancestor of all vertebrates was capable of limb regeneration, suggesting that this ability could be reawakened in humans. Research into limb regeneration has benefited from the use of two complementary model systems. The urodele amphibians (newts and salamanders) can regenerate perfect limbs even as adults, initiating a programme of wound healing, blastema formation and redevelopment. Urodeles can be used to investigate how common wound-healing processes can subsequently activate a regeneration programme. Anuran amphibians (frogs and toads), on the other hand, progressively lose the ability to regenerate as they progress through their life cycle, and can be used in gain of function experiments to test potential regeneration factors. Using both of these models, growth factor signalling pathways have been identified as being involved in regulating all stages of the limb regeneration process. Key Concepts Regeneration of the limb is perfect in urodeles (newts and salamanders), declines with age in frogs and is absent in mammals. Urodele regeneration is divided into three distinct phases, wound healing, blastema formation and redevelopment. Mechanisms unique to regeneration are likely to be involved in the transition from phase I to phase II. Growth factors are important in regulating all three phases of limb regeneration. Amphibians are good models for studying the role of growth factors in limb regeneration, as both loss and gain of function experiments can be performed. Keywords: regeneration; growth factors; blastema; axolotl, Xenopus
Three dimensional finite element analysis of a mandibular premolar restored with a fiber post and resin composite with different cavity designs

The stress distribution and fatigue lifetime of an endodontically treated mandibular premolar with various cavity designs for access, restored using a resin composite with and without a fiber post was investigated. A 3D model of a mandibular premolar with one root canal was selected. Eleven study models of tooth structure, including enamel, dentine and pulp tissue, were generated with different cavity designs, i.e., Class I, Class II OM, Class II MOD, Class V, Class V pulp exposure, cortical and cancellous bone, root canal configuration, as well as fiber post. A load of 150 N was applied to the lingual incline plane of the buccal cusp at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth. The results showed that the stress distributions in all models were similar, i.e., the maximum von Mises stresses were observed at the level of the cement-enamel junction (CEJ), and the stress decreased abruptly from the outer to the inner part of the tooth. The maximum von Mises stress along the tooth axis was concentrated at the load-bearing areas, and decreased gradually from the coronal region to the apex of the root. The fatigue lifetimes of the models restored with a fiber post were greater than those without a fiber post.
The Temporal Lobe and Limbic System

1. Introduction and General Survey of the Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe and Limbic System 2. Comparative Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe and of the Limbic System 3. The Temporal Isocortex 4. The Olfactory System 5. The Hippocampal System 6. The Amygdaloid System
Effects of mercury on lysosomal protein digestion in the kidney proximal tubule.

: The effect of mercury on renal lysosomal protein digestion was studied after administration of mercury in vitro and in vivo. Mercuric chloride or methylmercury chloride was added in vitro to lysosomal enzymes isolated from normal rats, and subsequently, digestion experiments were carried out using 125I-labeled lysozyme or cytochrome c as substrate proteins. Both mercury compounds produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the degradation of the proteins, mercuric chloride being the strongest inhibitor. Mercuric chloride was also administered to rats in vivo for 5 to 8 months. Renal lysosomal enzymes from these animals also had a decreased ability to digest for the two substrate proteins. Furthermore, the digestion of lysozyme intravenously injected into mercury-intoxicated rats was decreased in renal cortical slices incubated in vitro. Electron microscope autoradiography showed that intravenously injected labeled lysozyme was located primarily over lysosomes in proximal tubule cells 1 hour after injection in both control animals and mercury-intoxicated rats. These results suggest a decreased catabolism of low molecular weight proteins in the kidney during chronic mercury intoxication.
Metabolic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Cancer

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The effect of environmental factors on biosynthesis of carotenoids and polyphenolics in fruits and vegetables: a review and prospects.

There is a lack of basic knowledge about the effects of environmental factors on the concentration of secondary metabolites in fruits and vegetables. While metabolic pathways are increasingly better described, the effects of environmental factors remain insufficiently understood and quantified. The objective of this presentation is to review the major hypotheses about the effect of environmental factors on biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables, with the exception of quality of light. Firstly, the primary and the secondary metabolisms are interlinked. Biosynthesis of carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds depends on the carbon status. Secondly, it is now well-established that secondary metabolites play a key-role in adaptation of plants to environmental constraints. More specifically, observations strongly suggest that biotic and abiotic constraints may influence the synthesis of carotenoids through the mediation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). All these hypotheses and the prospects of modelling are presented and discussed from a controlling point of view with our objective being to design innovative cropping techniques for farmers in developed and developing countries which will help them to produce fruits and vegetables with enhanced concentrations in phytochemicals without resorting to GMO. The idea is discussed that organic farming results in fruits and vegetables with increased concentrations in polyphenolics, and possibly carotenoids, contributing to health benefits, because they are more stressed. (Resume d'auteur)
Characterization of Ebola virus VP35 first basic patch as a therapeutic target

Viral protein 35 (VP35), encoded by filoviruses, are multifunctional dsRNA binding proteins that play important roles in viral replication, innate immune evasion and pathogenesis. The multifunctional nature of these proteins also presents opportunities to develop countermeasures that target distinct functional regions. However, functional validation and the establishment of therapeutic approaches toward such multifunctional proteins, particularly for non-enzymatic targets, are often challenging. With the current lack of approved vaccines or therapeutic options available to target filoviral infections, work that lends itself to the development of such inhibitors will be instrumental in countering this highly pathogenic virus. Our previous work on filoviral VP35 proteins defined two highly conserved conserved basic patches, the first basic patch (FBP) and the central basic patch (CBP), located within the C-terminal dsRNA binding interferon (IFN) inhibitory domain (IID). This work went on to show that the CBP is important for VP35 mediated IFN antagonism, in part through its ability to bind dsRNA. The goal of my thesis work was to investigate the functional importance of the FBP through a combination of structural and biochemical studies, and validate VP35 as a potential therapeutic target. These efforts established that residues within the FBP are functionally distinct from the CBP, but are important for VP35 polymerase co-factor function. Although the exact role of these VP35 residues in replication is poorly defined, the replication defective FBP mutants lost their ability to interact with the viral nucleoprotein, indicating that the VP35 FBP provides critical contacts which establish the VP35-NP interaction. In order to therapeutically target these functional regions of
Intranasal immunization with a chimeric influenza antigen delivered by detoxified anthrax toxin induces broad spectrum immunity against influenza viruses (TECH2P.756)

Influenza remains to be a significant public health problem worldwide, despite the heavy campaign for flu vaccination in many countries. The conventional influenza vaccines are based on stimulating immune responses against hemagglutinin by virus attenuation or inactivation. However, they must be reformulated annually because of antigenic shift and drift of circulating influenza viral strains. These seasonal vaccines do not always match the circulating strains, and there is the ever-present threat that avian influenza viruses may adapt to be transmitted in humans. Development of a broadly protective or universal influenza vaccine would have a significant impact on public health. We constructed a new chimeric influenza antigen, which is composed of the relatively conserved matrix protein 2 (M2) and stem region of hemagglutinin (HA2) of influenza A viruses in combination with a detoxified anthrax edema toxin delivery system. This vaccine candidate has been shown to elicit T cell and humoral responses against influenza antigens and cross-strain protective immunity against influenza viruses, when it is intranasally delivered to mice. In addition, the vaccination of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell knock out mice do not protect against influenza virus infection. Thus, this novel vaccine strategy induces the CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses which play an important role in cross-strain protection against influenza viruses.
Screening of Sporolactobacillus and Bacillus strains for use in silage inoculation

approved: William E. Sandine Preservation of silage is commonly promoted by the addition of bacterial inoculates responsible for the production of lactic acid. These inoculates are typically mixed cultures of bacteria in the vegetative cell form, being maintained in low temperature (frozen liquid) or low moisture (lyophilized powder) forms. The cultures typically consist of lactic acid producing bacteria capable of converting naturally occurring or supplemented sugars found in the silage into lactic acid. When produced rapidly enough and to a high percentage, the lactic acid reduces the pH to around 4.0 which renders many common spoilage bacteria unable to grow. This environment of low pH also serves to slow plant enzyme activity, further preserving the silage product. Research performed in this thesis examined sporolactobacilli and bacilli strains for use as silage inoculates. It was found that the test strains were capable of producing high spore numbers; for example Sporolactobacillus inulinus when incubated at 37°C for 4 days, produced 1.5 x 1010 spores/ml of culture. When grown in MRS broth at 37°C for 5 days, 6.4 x 108 spores/ml of culture were seen. Spray drying of spore preparations showed spore numbers of 2.0 x 107 spores/g of collected powder. For shelf stability confirmation, total plate counts of the powder were run at 6 weeks and 5.0 x 107 cfu/g of powder were present. Results validated the test strains to behave similarly to the commercially available inoculates in the amount of organic acids monitored by high pressure liquid chromatography. Sporolactobacillus inulinus produced 50.47 ug/1 Oul, compared to the Redacted for Privacy Quest "LPE" commercial strain which produced 69.08 ug/1 Oul when inoculated into silage and incubated at 37°C for 72hrs. Comparable results were also noted in pH reduction of silage when inoculated by both test and commercial strains. Pre fermented silage pH was reduced to an average of 4.15 by S. inulinus and 4.24 by the Quest "LPE" commercial strain. The conclusion has been made that the test strains behave like commercially available inoculates and are suitable candidates for use as industrial silage inoculates. Further experiments will need to examine commercial spray drying time and temperature settings for various solids percentages of spore preparations. Screening of Sporolactobacillus and Bacillus Strains for Use in Silage Inoculation by
Toward a multi-scale understanding of flower development: from auxin networks to dynamic cellular patterns

A striking aspect of flowering plants is that, although they seem to display a great diversity of size and shape, they are made of the same basics constituents, that is the cells. The major challenge is then to understand how multicellular tissues, originally undifferentiated, can give rise to such complex shapes. We first investigated the uncharacterised signalling network of auxin since it is a major phytohormone involved in flower organogenesis.We started by determining the potential binary network, then applied model-based graph clustering methods relying on connectivity profiles. We demonstrated that it could be summarise in three groups, closely related to putative biological groups. The characterisation of the network function was made using ordinary differential equation modelling, which was later confirmed by experimental observations.In a second time, we modelled the influence of the protein dimerisation sequences on the auxin interactome structure using mixture of linear models for random graphs. This model lead us to conclude that these groups behave differently, depending on their dimerisation sequence similarities, and that each dimerisation domains might play different roles.Finally, we changed scale to represent the observed early stages of A. thaliana flower development as a spatio-temporal property graph. Using recent improvements in imaging techniques, we could extract 3D+t cellular features, and demonstrated the possibility of identifying and characterising cellular identity on this basis. In that respect, hierarchical clustering methods and hidden Markov tree have proven successful in grouping cell depending on their feature similarities.