Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Interactions of Workloads and DRAM Types: A Comprehensive Experimental Study

It has become increasingly difficult to understand the complex interaction between modern applications and main memory, composed of DRAM chips. Manufacturers are now selling and proposing many different types of DRAM, with each DRAM type catering to different needs (e.g., high throughput, low power, high memory density). At the same time, the memory access patterns of prevalent and emerging workloads are rapidly diverging, as these applications manipulate larger data sets in very different ways. As a result, the combined DRAM-workload behavior is often difficult to intuitively determine today, which can hinder memory optimizations in both hardware and software. In this work, we identify important families of workloads, as well as prevalent types of DRAM chips, and rigorously analyze the combined DRAM--workload behavior. To this end, we perform a comprehensive experimental study of the interaction between nine different DRAM types and 115 modern applications and multiprogrammed workloads. We draw 12 key observations from our characterization, enabled in part by our development of new metrics that take into account contention between memory requests due to hardware design. Notably, we find that (1) newer DRAM types such as DDR4 and HMC often do not outperform older types such as DDR3, due to higher access latencies and, in the case of HMC, poor exploitation of locality; (2) there is no single DRAM type that can cater to all components of a heterogeneous system (e.g., GDDR5 significantly outperforms other memories for multimedia acceleration, while HMC significantly outperforms other memories for network acceleration); and (3) there is still a strong need to lower DRAM latency, but unfortunately the current design trend of commodity DRAM is toward higher latencies to obtain other benefits. We hope that the trends we identify can drive optimizations in both hardware and software design.
Detecting an induced subdivision of K4

In this article, we propose a polynomial‐time algorithm to test whether a given graph contains a subdivision of K4 as an induced subgraph. This continues the study of detecting an induced subdivision of H for some fixed graph H, which is still far from being complete. Our result answers a question by Chudnovsky et al. and Lévêque et al.
Unconscious Motives and Actions – Agency, Freedom and Responsibility

According to many criteria, agency, intentionality, responsibility and freedom of decision, require conscious decisions. Freud already assumed that many of our decisions are influenced by dynamically unconscious motives or that we even perform unconscious actions based on completely unconscious considerations. Such actions might not be intentional, and perhaps not even actions in the narrow sense, we would not be responsible for them and freedom of decision would be missing. Recent psychological and neurophysiological research has added to this a number of phenomena (the “new unconscious”) in which behavior is completely unconscious or in which the decision or its execution is influenced by unconscious factors: priming, automatic behavior, habitualized behavior, actions based on plain unconscious deliberations, intrusion of information from the dorsal pathway, etc. However, since this makes up the largest part of the behavior which is generally regarded as action, intentionality, yet agency, responsibility and even compatibilist freedom of decision for the largest part of our behavior may be threatened. Such considerations have led to a lively debate, which, however, suffers from generalizations that lump all these unconscious phenomena together. In contrast, the aim of this article is to discuss individual unconscious influences on our behavior separately with respect to what extent they require changes in traditional conceptualizations. The first part (sections 2–4) of the article outlines the “traditions” and their elaborations: the intentional causalist concept of action, an associated empirical theory of action and standard concepts of responsibility and compatibilist freedom of decision, as well as the challenges for them. In the second part (sections 5–9), the aforementioned unconscious influences on our actions (except for automated and habitualized actions, which I discuss elsewhere) are examined: 1. unconscious priming, 2. dynamically unconscious motives, 3. dorsal pathway information influencing conscious decisions, 4. unconsciously altered execution of conscious intentions, and 5. unconscious deliberations and decisions. To what extent do these phenomena C1. require a change in the concept of action, C2. curtail intentionality or agency, C3. responsibility, and C4. freedom? The result is: The curtailments prove to be far less dramatic than they initially appear; they require more watchfulness but no conceptual change.
Unilateral Isolated Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency

It is caused by failure of the development of the subtrochanteric portion of the femoral shaft that is characterized by shortness, deformity and dysfunction. The most critical period for skeletal development is between the 4th and 8th weeks of gestation. The unilateral form occurs in approximately 85%–90% of all cases. It is usually sporadic, but few familial cases have been described. Its genetic transmission mode is unknown. Some etiological factors include poor diabetic control during the early weeks of pregnancy, drug exposure (thalidomide), viral infections, radiation, focal ischemia, chemical toxicity and trauma.
Permeation-enhancing effects and mechanisms of O-acylterpineol on isosorbide dinitrate: mechanistic insights based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, molecular modeling, and CLSM images

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the penetration activity of O-acylterpineol derivatives both in vitro and in vivo, and to investigate the enhancing mechanism of O-acylterpineol derivatives which were synthesized by α-terpineol and fatty acid. The promoting activities on the isosorbide dinitrate patch were tested across full thickness rabbit skin both in vitro and in vivo. In order to elucidate the permeation mechanism, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, molecular modeling, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were introduced to investigate the regulation of enhancers in the skin permeability and biophysical properties. With in vitro cytotoxicity test and in vivo erythema model, the skin irritation of enhancers was also evaluated. Permeation studies showed 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-l-yl) propan-2-yl tetradecanoate produced the obvious enhancement activity for ISDN both in vitro and in vivo from patches. These results were supported by ATR-FTIR, molecular modeling, and CLSM studies which revealed that O-acylterpineol could decrease the order of the alkyl chains in the skin lipids. Additionally, it was found that TER-C14 produced a relatively low skin irritation, compared with the TER which was assumed to be a safe compound. The present research suggested that some newly designed acylterpineol derivatives are shown to be suitable permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery, and the chain length of C14 seem to be safe and more favorable for the penetration of ISDN from DIA patches.
Merger between Airlines in Financial Distress

The merger in 2009 between China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines came at a time when both airlines were suffering heavy losses and were struggling for survival during the global financial crisis. An examination of the prices on China Eastern's seven domestic Shanghai-based routes suggests that on average fares on departure days increased by 22% post-merger. It appears that the merger conferred China Eastern with significant market power owing to the parallel nature of this acquisition, thereby resulting in the record profit reported in 2010. This reminds regulatory authorities to remain vigilant in handling airline mergers when numerous parallel routes are involved.
Nitrification and inorganic nitrogen distribution in a large perturbed river/estuarine system: the Pearl River Estuary, China

Abstract. We investigated the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in a large perturbed estuary, the Pearl River Estuary, based on three cruises conducted in winter (January 2005), summer (August 2005) and spring (March 2006). On-site incubation was also carried out for determining ammonium and nitrite oxidation rates (nitrification rates). We observed a year-round pattern of dramatic decrease in NH4+, increase in NO3−, but insignificant change in NO2− in the upper estuary at salinity ~0–5. However, species and concentrations of inorganic nitrogen at upper estuary significantly changed with season. In winter, with low runoff, the most upper reach of the Pearl River Estuary showed relatively low rates of ammonia oxidation (0–5.4 μmol N L−1 d−1) and nitrite oxidation (0–5.2 μmol N L−1 d−1), accompanied by extremely high concentrations of ammonia (up to >800 μmol L−1) and nitrate (up to >300 μmol L−1). In summer, the upper estuary showed higher nitrification rates (ammonia oxidation rate ~1.5–33.1 μmol N L−1 d−1, nitrite oxidation rate ~0.6–32.0 μmol N L−1 d−1) with lower concentrations of ammonia (
Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) in Prediction of Computed Tomography Findings in Traumatic Brain Injury; a Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) is one of the promising candidates, with an acceptable diagnostic value for predicting head computed tomography (CT) scan findings. However, there has been a controversy between studies and still, there is no general overview on this. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis attempted to estimate the value of UCH-L1 in predicting intracranial lesions in traumatic brain injury. Methods: Two independent reviewers screened records from the search of four databases Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. The data were analyzed in the STATA 14.0 statistical program and the findings were reported as a standardized mean difference (SMD), summary receiver performance characteristics curve (SROC), sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Finally, the data of 13 articles were entered into the meta-analysis. The mean serum level of UCH-L1 was significantly higher in patients with CT-positive than in TBI patients with CT negative (SMD = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.23, I2 = 98.1%; p <0.0001). The area under the SROC curve for UCH-L1 in the prediction of intracranial lesions after mild TBI was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.86). Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of serum UCH-L1 was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99), 0.40 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.51) and 19.37 (95% CI: 7.25 to 51.75), respectively. When the analysis was limited to assessing the serum level of UCH-L1 within the first 6 hours after mild TBI, its sensitivity and specificity increased to 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94 to 1.0) and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.052), respectively. In addition, the diagnostic odds ratio of 6-hour serum level of UCH-L1 in the prediction of intracranial lesions was 680.87 (95% CI: 50.50 to 9197.97). Conclusion: Moderate level of evidence suggests that serum/plasma levels of UCH-L1 have good value in prediction of head CT findings. It was also found that evaluation of serum/plasma level of UCH-L1 within the first 6 hours following TBI would increase its predictive value. However, there is a controversy about the best cutoffs of the UCH-L1.
Long-run Equilibrium and Short-Run Adjustment in U.S. Housing Markets

This paper examines the long-run equilibrium between real house prices and macroeconomic fundamentals in U.S. housing markets, as well as the short-run adjustment of real house prices back to the equilibrium. Pooled mean-group and mean-group estimation techniques developed by Pesaran and Smith (1995) and Pesaran et al. (1999) are applied to a panel of the 51 U.S. states over the period of 1976Q3 to 2012Q4. Our results suggest a common long-run relationship over the sample period between real house prices and their economic fundamental determinants in the 51 U.S. states. However, the speed of adjustment of real house prices varies vastly across states, with a half-life estimate of 22 quarters on average, and the deviations of real house prices from the equilibrium range from iV30% to 46% across states over time.
Low Bone Mass Secondary to Antipsychotic Medications

Background and Objective: Antipsychotic medications are known to cause low bone mass. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis secondary to patients taking antipsychotic medications. Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 175 patients taking antipsychotic medications and attending the psychiatric clinics at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data, antipsychotic medications, type, and duration of administration of medication were collected. All patients had bone mass measurement using dual energy X-ray (DXA) absorptiometry. Patients were divided into 5-year groups, from ≤35 to ≥51 years. The data were entered in the database and analyzed using SPSS Inc version 20. Results: The average age of patients was 40.75 ± 7.16 years (range: 26–56 years), there were 120 (82.8%) males and 25 (17.2%) females. Our results indicate that the average duration of anti-psychotic medication use was 8.45 ± 5.4 years. DXA of the hip revealed that 25 (14.2%) patients were osteoporotic and 104 (59.42%) were osteopenic, while on the basis of the T-score of the lumbar spine, 77 (44%) patients were osteoporotic and 80 (45.7%) were osteopenic. On the basis of the spinal bone mineral density (BMD), 89.7% had low bone mass. Conclusion: Anti-psychotic medications have a strong influence on the reduction of bone mass even in younger populations. The BMD of patients who are prescribed anti-psychotic medication need to be monitored for low bone mass and provided with the appropriate treatment.
Smooth neighborhood recommender systems

Recommender systems predict users’ preferences over a large number of items by pooling similar information from other users and/or items in the presence of sparse observations. One major challenge is how to utilize user-item speciﬁc covariates and networks describing user-item interactions in a high-dimensional situation, for accurate personalized prediction. In this article, we propose a smooth neighborhood recommender in the framework of the latent factor models. A similarity kernel is utilized to borrow neighborhood information from continuous covariates over a user-item speciﬁc network, such as a user’s social network, where the grouping information deﬁned by discrete covariates is also integrated through the network. Consequently, user-item speciﬁc information is built into the recommender to battle the ‘cold-start” issue in the absence of observations in collaborative and content-based ﬁltering. Moreover, we utilize a “divide-and-conquer” version of the alternating least squares algorithm to achieve scalable computation, and establish asymptotic results for the proposed method, demonstrating that it achieves superior prediction accuracy. Finally, we illustrate that the proposed method improves substantially over its competitors in simulated examples and real benchmark data– Last.fm music data.
Fuzzy risk analysis for construction projects

The construction industry projects are more subjective and risky compared with the others industries because of the unique characteristics of construction activities such as poor working condition, the significant frequency of accidents and the occupational risky situation. Risk analysis and management on the project sites is the first key to achieve adequate level of security. However, the modern construction and the new sophisticated design have shown a significant obstacles and uncertainties to complete the project safely; thereby it is inevitable to search a new approach to deal with uncertainties. The ability of a fuzzy system to deliver its reasoning process is presented to have absolute result within the field of risk analysis. As well as, fuzzy set theory is mainly subjective and associated to deal with inexact and vague information in construction projects. This paper describes the stages of the fuzzy risk analysis model which is developed to assess the risks related with construction projects and their uncertainties based on evaluations of cost, time and quality. Ultimately, using this model we can prioritize and rank all risk factors cited in the construction project; besides that we can easily manage them in the best appropriate way.
Evaluation of Manuka Honey Estrogen Activity Using the MCF-7 Cell Proliferation Assay

Aims: To assess the estrogenic activity of Manuka honey using the MCF7 cell proliferation assay.Study Design: In-vitro cell based E-screen.Place and Duration of Study: Ulster University, Coleraine, UK, September 2015 to September 2016.Methodology: Manuka honey (UMF15+) was characterized for total phenolic content (TPC) using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and antioxidant power, using the 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. Estrogenic activity was assessed using MCF-7 cells cultured in DMEM-F2 phenol red-free media supplemented with 10% charcoal stripped FBS and evaluated using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay. All experiments were conducted in triplicate (n-12-48) and genistein was the positive control. The effect of Manuka honey (UMF15+) treatment on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Results: Manuka honey (UMF15+) antioxidant power was related to total phenols content. MCF7 growth promotion occurred at very low concentrations of honey (5x10-6-5x10-3% v/v honey; or 2.75 x10-10M - 2.75 x10-7 M TPC) indicative of estrogenic activity whilst higher concentrations of honey (>0.5% v/v) were inhibitory. Similarly, the genistein positive control demonstrated estrogenic activity indicated by MCF-7 cell growth at low concentrations (5x10-9-5x10-8 M) and toxicity at high concentrations. Estrogenic characteristics were quantified in terms of the relative proliferative potency (RPP) and relative proliferative effect (RPE) for Manuka honey of 18% and 22.5-27.5%, respectively. For genistein RPP was 0.1% and RPE was 70% compared to values of 100% for estradiol. Intracellular ROS increased for MCF-7 cells treated with increasing honey concentrations. Conclusion: Manuka honey (UMF15+) exhibits estrogenic activity monitored as growth promotion of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with estrogenic parameters being comparable to values reported for some purified flavonoids. Treatment of MCF-7 cells produced a dose-dependent rise in intracellular ROS.
On Asynchrony and Choreographies Luı́s

Choreographic Programming is a paradigm for the development of concurrent software, where deadlocks are prevented syntactically. However, choreography languages are typically synchronous, whereas many real-world systems have asynchronous communications. Previous attempts at enriching choreographies with asynchrony rely on ad-hoc constructions, whose adequacy is only argued informally. In this work, we formalise the properties that an asynchronous semantics for choreographies should have: messages can be sent without the intended receiver being ready, and all sent messages are eventually received. We explore how out-of-order execution, used in choreographies for modelling concurrency, can be exploited to endow choreographies with an asynchronous semantics. Our approach satisfies the properties we identified. We show how our development yields a pleasant correspondence with FIFO-based asynchronous messaging, modelled in a process calculus, and discuss how it can be adopted in more complex choreography models.
The Woman Who Lost Her Words

Sir, Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous syndrome with a prevalence of 15.1/100,000 population. FTD is more commonly diagnosed in patients <65 years of age. [1] Original cases were described by Alzheimer more than a century ago and later found to have tau-positive inclusions. [2] FTD can be classified into three clinical syndromes depending on the early and predominant symptoms. The more common syndrome is a behavioral variant (bvFTD) with two language variants namely semantic dementia and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), which is very rare compared to bvFTD. Behavioral disturbances in the language variants of FTD, especially PNFA, are not frequently described in literature. [3,4] The majority of patients who present with PNFA are females and display decreased verbal output, slow effortful speech, impaired production and comprehension of grammar (agrammatism), and motor speech deficits with retained comprehension for single words. These patients often have normal reading skills, unlike other variants of FTD. [5]
Cloning and characterization of MAP2191 gene, a mammalian cell entry antigen of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

The aim of this study is to identify, clone and express a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific immunogenic antigen candidate, in order to develop better reagents for diagnosis and vaccines for the protection of the host. Therefore, MAP2191 gene (a member of MAPmce5 operon) from MAP, was isolated and characterized by Bioinformatics tools and in vitro experiments. Then, a novel Mce-whole protein encoded by MAP2191 gene was amplified and sub-cloned into E. coli. We tried to express the Mce/whole protein in different condition along with a positive expression control (pET28a-Mce/truncated plasmid that we know express well), to ensure that nothing is wrong regarding culture/induction condition. The level of the recombinant protein expression was analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Western blot analysis toward full-length MAP2191 protein and its truncation only demonstrated Mce/truncated protein. The concurrence of in-silico prediction of primary structure of MAP2191 protein results along with experimental results confirmed that expression of Mce/whole protein was affected by the hydrophobicity nature of this protein. Our data support the hypothesis that the presence of hydrophobic regions in protein structure can influence the level of recombinant protein expression. This stresses the importance of gene selection and the protein sequence checking of the hydrophobic content in any protein purification project in order to achieve a large amount of desirable proteins.
A novel adaptive learning rate scheduler for deep neural networks

Optimizing deep neural networks is largely thought to be an empirical process, requiring manual tuning of several parameters, such as learning rate, weight decay, and dropout rate. Arguably, the learning rate is the most important of these to tune, and this has gained more attention in recent works. In this paper, we propose a novel method to compute the learning rate for training deep neural networks. We derive a theoretical framework to compute learning rates dynamically, and then show experimental results on standard datasets and architectures to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.