Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
J. Maxwell Chamberlain Memorial Paper for congenital heart surgery. 111 Fontan conversions with arrhythmia surgery: surgical lessons and outcomes.

BACKGROUND The evolving operative strategy and course of 111 consecutive Fontan conversions with arrhythmia surgery and pacemaker therapy were reviewed to identify risk factors for poor outcome. METHODS Since 1994, 111 patients (mean age 22.5 +/- 7.9 years) underwent Fontan conversion with arrhythmia surgery. The series was divided into three time periods: (1) 1994 to 1996 (initial isthmus ablation, n = 9, group I); (2) 1996 to 2003 (early modified right atrial maze and Cox-maze III, n = 51, group II); and (3) 2003 to 2006 (recent modifications of the modified right atrial maze and left atrial Cox-maze III for both atrial fibrillation and left atrial reentry tachycardia, n = 51, group III). RESULTS There were one early (0.9%) and six late deaths (5.4%); six patients required cardiac transplantation (5.4%). Two late deaths occurred after transplantation. Renal failure requiring dialysis occurred in four patients (3.6%). Mean hospital stay was 13.7 +/- 12.1 days. Mean cross-clamp time was 70.8 +/- 41.6 minutes. Four risk factors for death or transplantation were identified: presence of a right or ambiguous ventricle, preoperative protein-losing enteropathy, preoperative moderate-to-severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and long (>239 minutes) cardiopulmonary bypass time. In intergroup comparisons (groups I and II versus group III), three trends were noted: increased incidence of concomitant surgical repairs (p = 0.03), older patients (p = 0.01), and increased incidence of left atrial reentry tachycardia and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.04). Late recurrence of atrial tachycardia ensued in 15 of 111 (13.5%); 8 of 51 in group II (15.7%) and 4 of 51 in group III (7.8) (p = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS Fontan conversion with arrhythmia surgery is safe and efficacious. Based on improved results and evolving surgical techniques, selection criteria can be more clearly defined.
EVALUACIÓN PRAGMÁTICA DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

Este articulo presenta un enfoque pragmatico para la evaluacion de politicas publicas. Comienza con una descripcion de la evaluacion en la que se discuten sus funciones y modalidades, continua con una presentacion sobre como la evaluacion permite aprender de la experiencia, se complementa con la exposicion de los criterios de evaluacion, considera el problema de la atribucion, presenta dos enfoques para la evaluacion de politicas publicas utilizando los conceptos introducidos en las secciones precedentes, aborda las dificultades que se enfrentan en la evaluacion de politicas publicas y concluye con un conjunto de soluciones posibles y diez conclusiones pragmaticas.
VWS: Video surveillance on wheels using cloud in VANETs

As video gives a clear and quick understanding about any situation, it is considered to be the most reliable and recommended media for information dissemination. Real time video exchange in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) can help in reducing the on road accidents and provide better road security by means of video surveillance. To execute this concept in VANET, the integrated model of VANET - Cloud Computing is the most efficient and viable solution. In this paper we propose VWS: Video Surveillance on Wheels Using Cloud in VANETs. In the proposed system, all the vehicles moving on the road serve as witnesses for various events with the help of camera equipped on board units. All the data (videos and images) of distinguished events are shared among the vehicles in a network termed as the vehicular cloud. All the data exchange that takes place in the vehicular cloud is saved in the central cloud server with the help of the roadside clouds for further surveillance and monitoring. The proposed work is supported with simulations in NS-2 and SUMO software. Implementation results of the partially designed hardware prove that the system has improved the efficiency by 75%.
Learning Impairment in 1–2‐Day‐Old Epileptic Chicks

Summary: The cause of learning impairment in children with seizure disorders is obscure, in part because of the lack of adequate animal models of learning deficiencies that can be used for study. The discriminating passive avoidance test has been used extensively to study learning behavior in chicks. In the present study, we applied the passive avoidance test to epileptic chicks to determine if learning deficiencies could be demonstrated in this epileptic model. Epileptic fowl have a hereditary form of primary generalized epilepsy characterized by tonic‐clonic seizures. The seizures occur spontaneously and can also be induced by photic stimulation. The epileptic phenotype is the result of an autosomal recessive mutation. Heterozygotes do not have seizures and were used as age‐matched controls. The discriminating passive avoidance test used in the present study was based on the observation that chicks readily peck at bright shiny beads. Once chicks taste a colored bead coated with a bitter chemical (methylanthranilate), they refuse to peck the bead on subsequent presentations. In addition, chicks can discriminate between colored beads and will continue to peck at a bead of different color than the methylanthranilate (MeA)‐coated bead. Compared to carriers, epileptic chicks demonstrated significantly less ability to discriminate between colored beads. Furthermore, this learning impairment was observed in epileptic chicks treated with phenobarbital (PB), indicating that the learning impairment in epileptic chicks is an inherent neurological problem and not a consequence of seizure activity.
Comparing L1's effects on English coda obstruent perception: Mandarin and Korean identification performance

This study investigates the perceptual confusion of English obstruents in the coda position by Mandarin and Korean-speaking L2 learners. The two languages differ in that Mandarin does not allow obstruent codas, while Korean neutralizes underlying laryngeal and manner contrasts into voiceless stop codas. The stimuli are eight English obstruents /p b t d f v θ ð/ combined with the vowel /ɑ/. 41 Mandarin and 40 Korean speakers participated in an identification task. The results show that the Mandarin speakers generally achieved higher accuracy than the Koreans. The errors are further analysed based on their voicing, manner, and place confusions. Both groups exhibited a bias toward voiceless consonants, fricatives, and labial responses. The similarity of the two L1 groups suggests a strong and pervasive languageindependent tendency in speech perception.
La Crianza, una posibilidad para aprender de sí

El articulo presenta un resultado de la investigacion Pensar la Crianza Humanizada en clave de la Educacion Corporal. Objetivo : interpretar la experiencia de Crianza de las madres y padres del programa Crecer en Familia del Instituto Universitario de Educacion Fisica. Metodo : Estudio con enfoque Fenomenologico hermeneutico, que se realiza mediante analisis documental y analisis de los discursos acerca de la experiencia de Crianza de algunas madres y padres de familia, usuarios del Programa. Resultados : los resultados muestran tres componentes importantes en esta experiencia: a) El acontecimiento como posibilidad de experiencia, que supone novedad asombro, limitacion y confrontacion; b) Los padres como sujetos de la experiencia: un aprendizaje bidireccional, se relaciona con la manera en que padres y madres transforman sus palabras, sentimientos, proyectos ideas y representaciones en su relacion con la vida a partir de sus vivencias en la crianza; y c) El juego como pasaje para encontrarse con los hijos, en el texto resuena a encuentro en algunas familias, a inquietud, a novedad, porque aqui se entregan, aman, disfrutan, observan y se sienten felices. Discusion : la reflexion (subjetiva y colectiva) sobre la vivencia de ser padres trae consigo un aprendizaje nos lleva a trascender el aspecto instintivo o biologico de la crianza, acercandonos a la experiencia de la crianza humanizada.
Effects of implementation of a team model on physician and staff perceptions of a clinic's organizational and learning environments.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although teamwork is widely promoted by the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the Future of Family Medicine project, the health care literature does not provide clear direction on how to create or maintain high-functioning teams in ambulatory residency education. In 2004, we reorganized the clinical operation of our family medicine residency clinic into teams, each consisting of faculty, residents, and nursing and administrative staff. We hypothesized that operating within teams would have a positive effect on employees' job satisfaction and perceptions of our clinic's organizational and learning environments. METHODS We administered a confidential survey to faculty, residents, and staff annually over 5 years (2002-2006). Using questionnaire data from 2002-2003 as a baseline and data from 2004-2006 as a post-intervention measurement, we performed Mann-Whitney tests to assess the effect of the implementation of teams on employees' ratings of job satisfaction, individual autonomy, organizational commitment, goal attainment, physical characteristics and personnel arrangements within the clinic, learning opportunities for residents, teaching behaviors of faculty, roles of staff, and learning organization characteristics. RESULTS After the implementation of teams, there was an improvement in ratings of learning opportunities and quality of teaching, job satisfaction, employee autonomy, staff roles, and staff attitudes toward residents. CONCLUSIONS Implementing a team approach in a residency clinic can improve measures of physician and staff satisfaction and organizational function.
Study on the enhanced cellular uptake effect of daunorubicin on leukemia cells mediated via functionalized nickel nanoparticles

The success of cancer chemotherapy is largely dependent on the efficient anticancer drug accumulation in target tumor tissues and cells so as to inhibit the proliferation of the cancer cells. Recently, some biocompatible nanomaterials have been utilized as drug target delivery systems and have shown the great potential to effectively afford the sustained drug delivery for the target cancer cells. In this study, we have explored the possibility for the bio-application of the functionalized nickel (Ni) nanoparticles and the efficiency of the functionalized Ni nanoparticles on drug permeability, and cellular uptake of leukemia K562 cells in vitro has been probed via atomic force microscopy, inverted fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy, electrochemical study and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. It is observed that the presence of relevant Ni nanoparticles could induce the membrane structure change of target cells and efficiently improve the permeability of the cell membrane so that the combination of these Ni nanoparticles with anticancer drug daunorubicin could have a synergistic effect on the efficient cytotoxicity suppression in leukemia cancer cells. These observations indicate the great potential of Ni nanoparticles in the future biomedical application including target cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy.
Stabilizing mechanism in bone-grafting of a large glenoid defect.

BACKGROUND Conventional wisdom suggests that the glenoid defect after a shoulder dislocation is anteroinferior. However, recent studies have found that the defect is located anteriorly. The purposes of this study were (1) to clarify the critical size of the anterior defect and (2) to demonstrate the stabilizing mechanism of bone-grafting. METHODS Thirteen cadaver shoulders were investigated. With use of a custom testing machine with a 50-N compression force, the peak translational force that was needed to move the humeral head and lateral humeral displacement were measured. The force was used to evaluate the joint stability. An osseous defect was created stepwise in 2-mm increments of the defect width. The bone graft was harvested from the coracoid process. The defect size was expressed as the estimated defect size divided by the measured glenoid length. Testing was performed with (1) the glenoid intact, (2) a simulated Bankart lesion, (3) the Bankart lesion repaired, (4) a 2-mm defect, (5) the Bankart lesion repaired, (6) the defect bone-grafted, (7) a 4-mm defect, (8) the Bankart lesion repaired, (9) the defect bone-grafted, (10) a 6-mm defect, (11) the Bankart lesion repaired, (12) the defect bone-grafted, (13) an 8-mm defect, (14) the Bankart lesion repaired, and (15) the defect bone-grafted. RESULTS Force and displacement decreased as the size of the osseous defect increased. The mean force after the formation of a defect of > or =6 mm (19% of the glenoid length) with the Bankart lesion repaired (22 +/- 7 N) was significantly decreased compared with the baseline force (52 +/- 11 N). Both the mean force (and standard deviation) and displacement returned to the levels of the intact condition (68 +/- 3 N and 2.6 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively) after bone-grafting (72 +/- 12 N and 2.7 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively). CONCLUSIONS An osseous defect with a width that is > or =19% of the glenoid length remains unstable even after Bankart lesion repair. The stabilizing mechanism of bone-grafting was the restoration of the glenoid concavity.
Current and Next-generation Vaccines against Human Papillomaviruses

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect the squamous epithelium, and cause skin warts, genital warts and cancers, including uterine cervical cancer. Amongst the enormously diverse types of HPVs, HPV16 and HPV18 are most prevalent and responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. Current preventive HPV vaccines contain virus-like particles which are composed of L1 major capsid proteins of HPV16 and HPV18. Although bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines exhibit excellent preventive efficacy and safety, they have several limitations. First, since the protection against HPV is type-restricted, the remaining 30% of cervical cancers and warts cannot be prevented. Second, due to the absence of therapeutic activity in the vaccines, people already infected by the HPVs cannot benefit from the current vaccines. Therefore, new preventive and therapeutic vaccines are required for better control of HPV-associated diseases. New developments include a novel nonavalent preventive vaccine that contains five additional cancer-associated HPV types, and it has been tested and approved in 2014. Recently, several groups reported promising clinical results with novel therapeutic HPV vaccines. This review provides an overview of the success of current preventive vaccines and perspectives on the next-generation HPV vaccines.
Options for improving effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in developing countries

ABSTRACT Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity in young children due to diarrhea and dehydration. Over 85% of deaths occur in developing countries. In industrialised countries, 2 live oral rotavirus vaccines licensed in 2006 quickly demonstrated high effectiveness, dramatically reducing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis admissions in many settings by more than 90%. In contrast, the same vaccines reduced severe rotavirus gastroenteritis by only 30–60% in developing countries, but have been proven life-saving. Bridging this “efficacy gap” offers the possibility to save many more lives of children under the age of 5. The reduced efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in developing settings may be related to differences in transmission dynamics, as well as host luminal, mucosal and immune factors. This review will examine strategies currently under study to target the issue of reduced efficacy and effectiveness of oral rotavirus vaccines in developing settings.
Religious Scruples in Ancient Warfare

M. I. Finley in his Politics in the Ancient World (Cambridge, 1983), 92–6 has recently cast doubt on the extent to which religious phenomena were taken seriously in ancient times. We believe that in stressing the reasons for scepticism he has overlooked much positive evidence for the impact of religious scruples on political behaviour and that in generalising he has undervalued the differences in this respect between ancient societies. The significance of some of this positive evidence is admittedly uncertain since in civilian life scruples might be easy to observe without great suffering. The acid test is in time of war, so that is the concern of our present enquiry. That attitudes varied can be shown only by comparing societies. We have here limited our discussion to three for which the evidence is well preserved: the world of the Greek city before Alexander the Great, Rome before Constantine, and the Jews in the Hellenistic and Roman period. Elucidation of the reasons for their distinct attitudes would reveal much about each of these societies and its religious practices and conceptions, but there will be space here only to show that considerable variety did indeed exist. Most ancient peoples assumed that their gods approved of war; the pacifism of some pre-Constantinian Christians was exceptional. Nor did such rules in combat as were observed necessarily have a religious foundation. Ancient like modern scruples were often based on moral and humanitarian grounds, as in the treatment of corpses and civilians; the gods, as the guardians of general morality, might be involved in such matters, but only at a remove.
Effect of an orally active Th1/Th2 balance modulator, M50367, on IgE production, eosinophilia, and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.

We have found a novel anti-allergic agent, M50367, which suppresses IgE biosynthesis and eosinophil accumulation in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the ability of M50367 to modulate Th1/Th2 balance in Th2-background BALB/c mice and to inhibit airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of atopic asthma. Oral M50367 at 3-30 mg/kg/day exhibited 51 to 73% reduction of IL-4/IL-5 production and 2- to 5-fold augmentation of IFN-gamma production by Ag-stimulated cultured splenocytes of the mice sensitized with DNP-Ascaris. These alterations in Th1/Th2 cytokine production were accompanied by 55-85% suppression of plasma IgE level. Oral M50367 at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited Ig-independent peritoneal eosinophilia by 54%, which was induced by repeated i.p. injections of Ascaris suum extract. To develop airway hyperresponsiveness caused by allergic airway inflammation, BALB/c mice were sensitized with i.p. OVA injections, followed three times by OVA inhalation. Oral M50367 significantly inhibited the increase in airway reactivity to acetylcholine, together with the elevation of plasma IgE level and pulmonary eosinophilia, which were observed in vehicle-treated mice 1 day after the last inhalation. Moreover, M50367 treatment reduced IL-4 and IL-5 production and tended to enhance IFN-gamma production, not only by cultured splenocytes, but also in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results suggest that M50367 has a modulating ability of Th1/Th2 balance to down-regulate Th2 response in the circulating system as well as at the sites of inflammation, and may be beneficial for the treatment of allergic disorders such as atopic asthma.
Structure and expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CRY1 gene: a highly conserved ribosomal protein gene

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CRY1 gene encodes ribosomal protein rp59, a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in CRY1 can confer resistance to the alkaloid cryptopleurine, an inhibitor of the elongation step of translation. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned CRY1 gene was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence shows that CRY1 encodes a 14,561-dalton polypeptide that has 88% amino acid sequence homology to the hamster or human S14 ribosomal protein responsible for emetine resistance and 45% homology to Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S11. Analysis of the DNA sequences upstream from CRY1 revealed the presence of three sequences, HOMOL1 (consensus, A/TACATCC/TG/ATA/GCA), RPG (consensus, ACCCA/GTACATT/CT/A), and a thymine-rich sequence, found upstream of more than 20 other cloned yeast genes encoding components of the translational apparatus. We exploited the ability to assay the expression of CRY1 in vivo by using the cryptopleurine resistance phenotype to demonstrate that these three consensus sequences are necessary for the transcription of CRY1. We previously showed that the upstream promoter element of the yeast RP39A gene consists of these identical sequence motifs. Therefore, we suggest that these three sequences define a consensus promoter element for the genes encoding the yeast translational apparatus. CRY1 is one of several hundred yeast genes, including ribosomal protein genes, whose expression is transiently decreased 10-fold upon heat shock. We found that the HOMOL1 and RPG consensus sequences are not necessary for the heat shock response of CRY1.
Extended Van Hove singularity in a noncuprate layered superconductor Sr2RuO4.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy was performed on a ruthenate superconductor Sr{sub 2}RuO{sub 4} ({ital T}{sub {ital c}}{approximately}1 K) which has the same crystal structure as La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4}, but with RuO{sub 2} layers replacing CuO{sub 2} layers. Sr{sub 2}RuO{sub 4}shows an {ital extended} Van Hove singularity (VHS) at 20{plus_minus}2 meV below {ital E}{sub {ital F}} just like the cuprates, regardless of the character of the electronic states at {ital E}{sub {ital F}}. This suggests that the {ital extended} VHS is a general feature of a two-dimensional correlated {ital d}-electron metal. The observed Fermi surface is in contrast to local-density-approximation calculations. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Export sophistication , growth and the middle-income trap *

Structural transformation is at the heart of economic development. Successful developing countries progressively change their production structure, replacing low value added activities and unsophisticated goods with higher value added activities and more sophisticated products. A low-income country usually relies heavily on extractive resources, monoculture export and subsistence agriculture. Economic take-off starts with the shift of existing resources into processing activities and the production of basic manufacturing goods. During the “industrialization stage” mechanization spreads to the primary sector, thereby sustaining the fall in agricultural employment. At the same time, strong complementarities with the service sector ensure a steady rise in employment and output in commercial services, transportation and finance. In these initial stages of diversification, the growth path invariably begins inside the global production frontier, with developing countries undertaking the manufacture of goods already produced elsewhere. Inside the frontier, countries are looking to catch up with those already at the frontier through rapid capital accumulation and technological adaptation in activities already in the industrial pipeline. These goods are also the ones that will drive export diversification.