Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spoken Language 'Grammatical Error Correction'

Spoken language ‘grammatical error correction’ (GEC) is an important mechanism to help learners of a foreign language, here English, improve their spoken grammar. GEC is challenging for non-native spoken language due to interruptions from disﬂuent speech events such as repetitions and false starts and issues in strictly deﬁning what is acceptable in spoken language. Furthermore there is little labelled data to train models. One way to mitigate the impact of speech events is to use a disﬂu-ency detection (DD) model. Removing the detected disﬂuencies converts the speech transcript to be closer to written language, which has signiﬁcantly more labelled training data. This paper considers two types of approaches to leveraging DD models to boost spoken GEC performance. One is sequential, a separately trained DD model acts as a pre-processing module providing a more structured input to the GEC model. The second approach is to train DD and GEC models in an end-to-end fashion, simultaneously optimising both modules. Embeddings enable end-to-end models to have a richer information ﬂow. Experimental results show that DD effectively regulates GEC input; end-to-end training works well when ﬁne-tuned on limited labelled in-domain data; and improving DD by incorporating acoustic information helps improve spoken GEC.
White Blood Cell Profiles in Long-Term Captive and Recently Captured Eastern Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)

Physiological responses to stress are important indicators of the effects of environmental disruption on individuals and, therefore, a way to determine the health of populations. These responses can be measured in a variety of ways, including the survey of differential counts of white blood cells. Baseline cell numbers and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios have been determined for a number of species in the genus Ambystoma, but not for A. tigrinum, and baseline values are necessary for assessments of stress in natural and captive populations. We counted white blood cells in blood smears from long-term captive and recently captured Eastern Tiger Salamanders (A. tigrinum) and compared the proportions of each cell type between these two samples. We also compared our results to the published values for other post-metamorphic or paedomorphic ambystomatids. Mean neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios, a measure of stress, were higher in our captive salamanders (0.81) than in the wild sample (0.41), as were the mean number of basophils (36.0 for captive and 10.3 for wild). The cell counts for our wild salamanders were comparable to those for other unstressed ambystomatids. Our results suggest that our long-term captive salamanders are under a small degree of stress and are not a good source of baseline values for this species.
Keratins in Skin Epidermal Development and Diseases

Epidermal keratinocyte (KC), the major cell type in the skin epidermis, plays critical roles in forming a permeability barrier to separate internal organs from external stimuli. Keratins, constituting about 30–80% of the total protein in KCs, form the major intermediate filament cytoskeleton of KC. Keratins consist of 54 unique genes in humans and they are expressed in cell-, differentiationand development-dependent manner. While keratin pairs K5-K14 and K1-K10 are normally associated with KCs at different cell differentiation stages, other keratin pairs such as K6-K16/K17 and K8–K18 and are usually not expressed in normal skin interfollicular epidermis, but are elevated during wounding, inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis or malignant conversion of KC. The expression and function of keratins are tightly regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Inherited or spontaneous mutations in keratins or abnormal keratin regulations or modifications can cause KC and cutaneous tissue fragility, skin hypertrophic and inflammatory conditions or malignant transformation of KC, therefore accounting for a large number of disorders in human skin. Here we review the recent literature on how keratins are normally expressed during skin development and how mutations or misregulations of these keratins are involved in the pathogenesis of skin diseases.
PATTERNS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS’ USE IN COMMUNITY PHARMACY; DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS AND ADHERENCE TO MEDICATION IDENTIFIED IN A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTIONS

Despite effective antihypertensive medication, arterial hypertension remains an important contributor to cardiovascular diseases, the main global cause of mortality. We performed a retrospective analysis of prescriptions containing antihypertensive drugs dispensed from two community pharmacies from Bucharest, Romania. In order to explore differences in prescriptions’ trends, we analysed drugs dispensed in 2007 and 2017, evaluating the frequencies of the drugs used in monotherapy or in poly-therapy and the conformity with treatment guidelines available at the moment, the drug related problems and patients’ adherence to medication, based on the superposition of drugs prescribed and those dispensed. We analysed 4635 prescriptions, from which 2332 were presenting at least HBP as diagnostic. 52.05% of the 2198 prescriptions from 2017 were for HBP, statistically significant compared to the 48.75% of the 2537 corresponding prescriptions from 2007. All the main antihypertensive drugs classes increased statistically significant in use from 2007 to 2017, except the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Antihypertensive monotherapy decreased from 27.8% in 2007 to 19.7% in 2017 (p < 0.0001), which was in line with the updated recommendations that favoured combination therapy as being more efficacious. As to the drug regimen complexity, 11.5% of the prescriptions from 2007 and 18.6% of the prescriptions from 2017 contained antihypertensive drugs prescribed in a different manner from the one indicated in their officially endorsed monographs. We also found that in 2007, 10.94% of hypertensive patients didn’t purchase all the medicines prescribed by the doctor, giving up part of their treatment. In 2017, the percentage of these nonadherent patients raised to 20.19%. We believe that pharmacist’s interventions, including suggestions for simplification of the drug regimen, can increase the levels of adherence to medication, thus improving hypertensive patients’ clinical outcomes.
Hydrodynamic functionality of the lorica in choanoflagellates

Choanoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotes that are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats. They have a single flagellum that creates a flow toward a collar filter composed of filter strands that extend from the cell. In one common group, the loricate choanoflagellates, the cell is suspended in an elaborate basket-like structure, the lorica, the function of which remains unknown. Here, we use Computational Fluid Dynamics to explore the possible hydrodynamic function of the lorica. We use the choanoflagellate Diaphaoneca grandis as a model organism. It has been hypothesized that the function of the lorica is to prevent refiltration (flow recirculation) and to increase the drag and, hence, increase the feeding rate and reduce the swimming speed. We find no support for these hypotheses. On the contrary, motile prey are encountered at a much lower rate by the loricate organism. The presence of the lorica does not affect the average swimming speed, but it suppresses the lateral motion and rotation of the cell. Without the lorica, the cell jiggles from side to side while swimming. The unsteady flow generated by the beating flagellum causes reversed flow through the collar filter that may wash away captured prey while it is being transported to the cell body for engulfment. The lorica substantially decreases such flow, hence it potentially increases the capture efficiency. This may be the main adaptive value of the lorica.
Pareto fronts-driven Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search for 5G Network Optimization

5G network optimization problem is a challenging optimization problem in the practical engineering applications. In this paper, to tackle this issue, Pareto fronts-driven Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search (PMOCS) is proposed based on Cuckoo Search. Firstly, the original global search manner is upgraded to a new form, which is aimed to strengthening the convergence. Then, the original local search manner is modified to highlight the diversity. To test the overall performance of PMOCS, PMOCS is test on three test suits against several classical comparison methods. Experimental results demonstrate that PMOCS exhibits outstanding performance. Further experiments on the 5G network optimization problem indicates that PMOCS is promising compared with other methods.
Unsupervised Feature Selection Using Recursive k-Means Silhouette Elimination (RkSE): A Two-Scenario Case Study for Fault Classification of High-Dimensional Sensor Data

Feature selection is a crucial step to overcome the curse of dimensionality problem in data mining. This work proposes Recursive k-means Silhouette Elimination (RkSE) as a new unsupervised feature selection algorithm to reduce dimensionality in univariate and multivariate time-series datasets. Where k-means clustering is applied recursively to select the cluster representative features, following a unique application of silhouette measure for each cluster and a user-defined threshold as the feature selection or elimination criteria. The proposed method is evaluated on a hydraulic test rig, multi sensor readings in two different fashions: (1) Reduce the dimensionality in a multivariate classification problem using various classifiers of different functionalities. (2) Classification of univariate data in a sliding window scenario, where RkSE is used as a window compression method, to reduce the window dimensionality by selecting the best time points in a sliding window. Moreover, the results are validated using 10-fold cross validation technique. As well as, compared to the results when the classification is pulled directly with no feature selection applied. Additionally, a new taxonomy for k-means based feature selection methods is proposed. The experimental results and observations in the two comprehensive experiments demonstrated in this work reveal the capabilities and accuracy of the proposed method.
Mass Tree Mortality, Fuels, and Fire: A Guide for Sierra Nevada Forest Landowners

Author(s): McMahon, Devon; Axelson, Jodi; Kocher, Susie | Abstract: Tree mortality is changing California’s landscape and affecting the amount and type of fuel available for wildland fires. Since the extraordinary drought of 2012 through 2015, millions of trees have died in California, particularly in the Sierra Nevada. Fire risk depends on multiple factors, including weather and ignition sources, which are not affected by tree mortality. However, in areas that have experienced mass tree mortality, the amount and distribution of dead wood that can act as fuel has changed, altering the risk posed by fires.This publication discusses examples of mass tree mortality and assesses the impact on fuels—so that landowners and managers can understand fire risk on their own property and develop strategies to reduce it.
Model-Based Estimation of Amazonian Forests Recovery Time after Drought and Fire Events

In recent decades, droughts, deforestation and wildfires have become recurring phenomena that have heavily affected both human activities and natural ecosystems in Amazonia. The time needed for an ecosystem to recover from carbon losses is a crucial metric to evaluate disturbance impacts on forests. However, little is known about the impacts of these disturbances, alone and synergistically, on forest recovery time and the resulting spatiotemporal patterns at the regional scale. In this study, we combined the 3-PG forest growth model, remote sensing and field derived equations, to map the Amazonia-wide (3 km of spatial resolution) impact and recovery time of aboveground biomass (AGB) after drought, fire and a combination of logging and fire. Our results indicate that AGB decreases by 4%, 19% and 46% in forests affected by drought, fire and logging + fire, respectively, with an average AGB recovery time of 27 years for drought, 44 years for burned and 63 years for logged + burned areas and with maximum values reaching 184 years in areas of high fire intensity. Our findings provide two major insights in the spatial and temporal patterns of drought and wildfire in the Amazon: (1) the recovery time of the forests takes longer in the southeastern part of the basin, and, (2) as droughts and wildfires become more frequent—since the intervals between the disturbances are getting shorter than the rate of forest regeneration—the long lasting damage they cause potentially results in a permanent and increasing carbon losses from these fragile ecosystems.
Neumonía en lactantes de 6 meses de edad y menores

CC BY Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una Licencia Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Asunción, Paraguay. Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. San Lorenzo, Paraguay. Correspondencia: Antonio Arbo Correo: antonioarbo@hotmail.com Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés. Recibido: 02/06/2020 Aceptado:29/06/2020 Doi: https://doi.org/10.31698/ped.47022020007 RESUMEN
Identification with SILAC Proteomics of Novel Short Linear Motifs in Demethylase Enzymes Regulated During Myoblast Differentiation

Methylation and demethylation of Lysine and Arginine on proteins is quantitatively an extensive and functionally a significant post-translational modification yet there is a dearth of information at a functional systems level. Using SILAC proteomics and high resolution mass spectrometry we have identified eight demethylase and two methylase proteins whose levels are regulated during myogenic differentiation in a mouse myoblast-to-myocyte model. Using the general methylation inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (AdOX) we established that methylation is required for differentiation. Whole proteome analysis revealed that 1134 out of 4600 proteins identified were differentially expressed, of which 488 were up-regulated and 646 down-regulated. Of these, two were methylases and eight were demethylases. Notably, five of the eight enzymes demethylate Lysine 9 on histone 3 (H3K9) whereas two also demethylate H3K4. Lastly, we have identified short linear motifs (SliMs) in the demethylase enzymes that are enriched in differentiation. We briefly discuss the significance of our findings within a developmental/epigenomics framework.
Mechanism of humanistic leadership for success: lessons from Konosuke Matsushita

This study contributes to the construction of a theory on humanistic leadership in the context of Japanese culture. Although the Japanese management system has been described as human-oriented, there has been limited research on this subject, especially regarding top leaders. This case study focuses on Konosuke Matsushita, the founder of Matsushita Electric (now Panasonic), who devoted his life as a businessperson to investigating human nature. The authors examined how the humanistic approach influenced his beliefs and behaviors, as well as his company's performance. The authors then show how current employees at Panasonic have implemented and interpreted his philosophy. ,This research is a qualitative case study. Data were gathered from transcriptions of archived recordings, interviews and Internet documents. They were then coded for analyses. ,The findings show how humanistic leadership can succeed via seven behaviors: building a company philosophy aimed at the prosperity of society and the well-being of people, being aware of one's own weaknesses, listening to others, improving oneself, developing people, respecting people and making a profit for society. ,The study identifies the behavioral aspects of humanistic leadership for building a leadership theory and provides insight into how Matsushita's leadership characteristics and behaviors are connected to Japanese cultural values.
Influence of the Inner and Outer Secondary Air Ratios on the Combustion Characteristic and Flame Shape of a Swirl Burner with a Prechamber

The swirl burner with a prechamber was used in a 14 MW pulverized-coal combustion experiment to investigate the influence of inner and secondary air ratios (ISA/OSA) on the combustion characteristic and flame shape in this work. The temperatures and species concentrations in the prechamber were measured via the flue gas analyzer and thermocouples. The flame shape beyond the prechamber outlet was captured by using a high-speed camera. The results showed that the combustion efficiency was increased and low nitrogen combustion was achieved by adopting the swirl burner with a prechamber. The high temperature corrosion and slagging phenomenon did not occur in the prechamber. The influence of ISA/OSA on temperature and species concentration profiles at different areas in the prechamber was different. The flame shape size exhibited an inflection point with increasing ISA/OSA. Considering, comprehensively, the temperature peak, near wall temperature, oxygen-free zone, CO concentration, flame length, flame diameter, and divergence angle, the case of ISA/OSA =1 : 2 had great processing on combustion efficiency and NOx emission. Thus, ISA/OSA = 1 : 2 was selected as the optimized case under experiment conditions.
Do drivers of forestry vehicles also drive herb layer changes (1970–2015) in a temperate forest with contrasting habitat and management conditions?

Managing ecosystems effectively for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services requires to understand how these ecosystems are changing and what are the drivers behind these changes. The resurvey of plant communities sampled some decades ago is increasingly used for this purpose. We used a life‐history trait‐based approach to test a number of hypothesized drivers behind decadal changes (1970–2015) in the herb layer of an ancient broadleaved lowland forest exhibiting contrasted soil and management types, while minimizing potential relocation and observer errors. Process‐based hypotheses were tested using paired comparisons (old vs. new records) of community‐weighted means and conditional inference classification trees for a number of traits across soil and management types. We then investigated how these processes impacted species composition and diversity within stands, among stands and at the entire forest scale, using metrics of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Though they have been continuously managed as regular high forest, managed stands experienced more pronounced vegetation changes than those left unmanaged. This could be directly or indirectly related to modifications in forest harvesting practices since 1970, via light availability at the forest floor, soil disturbance and local N deposition. While forest specialists increased their abundance over the entire forest, managed stands showed the strongest compositional changes, especially on the soil types that were more susceptible to compaction. Increasingly heavy forestry vehicles that drive more frequently across forest stands likely generate microhabitats suitable for ferns, graminoids and N‐demanding forbs and also act as dispersal agents. Species richness of vascular plants increased at both stand (α‐diversity) and forest (γ‐diversity) scales, due to the non‐random, directional colonization by the same suite of species, causing compositional, functional and phylogenetic homogenization among habitats (i.e. decreased β‐diversity). Synthesis. Forest management, via the repeated passing of heavy forestry vehicles, emerged as the key driver of local vegetation changes. By altering canopy structure, it also increased the vulnerability of understories to climate warming and atmospheric deposits. Changes were not only taxonomic, but also functional, suggesting long‐term effects on ecosystem functioning and thus deserve attention from forest managers and conservationists.
The Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity

Aerobic capacity is the capacity of large skeletal muscle groups to adapt to work by using energy obtained as a result of aerobic metabolism. VO2max is a good indicator of aerobic capacity and is considered to be an indicator of the physiological integration of pulmonary, cardiovascular and neuromuscular functions. Anaerobic capacity is the ability of the muscles to adapt to workouts in the form of very short duration, maximal and supramaximal physical activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training methods on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. 8 female (age; 18.12 ± 0.35 years, weight 46.6 ± 7.39 kg; height 162.7 ± 6.75 cm; BMI; 17.72 ± 2.60 kg/m2, PBF; 16.01 ± 6.15%) and 8 male (age; 18.50 ± 1.19 years, weight 61.18 ± 5.43 kg; height 174.0 ± 4.00 cm; BMI; 20.16 ± 1.43 kg/m2; PBF; 12.20 ± 3.96%) participated in this study. The volunteers were randomly divided into aerobic (4 female, 4 male) and anaerobic (4 female, 4 male) groups. Volunteers participated in a total of 24 training seasons, 3 days per week over 8 weeks. The training programs Involved running on a treadmill in the range of 60-70% maxHR for 1 hour on each training day for the aerobic group. The anaerobic training program included running in the range of maxHR 80-90% on the treadmill (2*100, 2*200, 2*300, 1*400, 2*300, 2*200, 2*100 sprints) for 1 hour per season. In order to determine the aerobic performance of the volunteers, a bicycle ergometer (Monark LC6 novo, Varberg, Sweden) was used with a portable gas analyzer (Cosmed K5, Italy). In order to determine the anaerobic performance, a bicycle ergometer (Monark 874 E, Varberg, Sweden), which was connected to a computer modified for the Wingate Anerobic Power Test (WAnT) and compatible with an appropriate piece of software, was used. The study was planned in accordance with a pre-test and post-test model. For statistical evaluation of the data obtained, descriptive statistical methods such as frequency (f), arithmetic mean (X), and standard deviation (SD) were used. A paired-samples t-test was used for the evaluation of the data obtained from pretest and post-test measurements. Independent samples t-test was used for the determination of differences between the sexes. The results were evaluated at the 0.05 significance level. Based on the findings, anaerobic training was observed to cause an increase in all components of anaerobic capacity. Significant differences were found in the anaerobic capacity components. It was found that anaerobic training caused a high level of difference in terms of aerobic capacity values, and thus increased aerobic capacity. It was observed that aerobic training had a positive effect on anaerobic capacity, anaerobic power and the fatigue index. Although aerobic training results in an increase in aerobic capacity of approximately 4%, this increase was not significant.