Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential distribution of xyloglucan glycosyl transferases in pea Golgi dictyosomes and secretory vesicles

Rate-zonal centrifugation of pea ( Pisum sativum var. Alaska) stem microsomal membranes on a linear Renografln gradient separated Golgi secretory vesicles from dictyosomes. Secretory vesicles possessed high levels of xyloglucan fucosyl transferase activity, which effects the final decoration of stem xyloglucan side-chains, but lacked substantial xyloglucan xylosyl transferase activity, which is required for the synthesis of the xyloglucan backbone. In contrast, total dictyosomal membranes possessed both fucosyl and xylosyl transferase activities. Isopycnic centrifugation of a homogenized dictyosome-enriched membrane preparation on a shallower Renografln gradient indicated that lighter dictyosomal membranes possessed xylosyl transferase but relatively little fucosyl transferase activity. The bulk of the dictyosomal membranes formed a denser peak in which xylosyl and fucosyl transferase activities codistributed. Thus a differential localization of function in the Golgi apparatus during biosynthesis of xyloglucan is indicated. A tentative mechanism is suggested in which the elaboration of the glucose-xylose backbone is initiated in lighter dictyosomal membranes, backbone synthesis is concluded and fucosylation begun in denser dictyosomal membranes, and fucosylation completed in Golgi secretory vesicles during transport of xyloglucan to the cell wall.
Wohlstandsmehrung durch Konsumverzicht: Leere Versprechungen und falsche Ratschläge

Eine redliche Vermittlung des akademischen Stoffs blendet die Grundzüge solcher Kontroversen nicht aus, sondern schärft an der Abwägung des Für und Wider einzelner Positionen die ökonomische Urteilskraft der Studierenden und trägt zur eigenen Meinungsbildung bei. Nimmt man dies zum Maßstab, dann ist es um die Disziplin schlecht bestellt. Inzwischen sind die meisten der weltweit gängigen volkswirtschaftlichen Lehrbücher wortreiche, um nicht zu sagen geschwätzige Texte mit bescheidenem Anspruchsniveau, die auf Aberhunderten von Seiten ein blasses Zerrbild des Erkenntnisobjekts malen. Es haben sich »Mickymaus-Modelle« etabliert,1 welche die gerade angesprochenen Fragen, wenn überhaupt, nur oberflächlich erörtern, geschweige denn mit Antworten aufwarten. Dies gilt sowohl für einzelals auch für gesamtwirtschaftliche Themen.2 Die These wird im Folgenden an Hand eines inzwischen etablierten Gebiets der Standard-Makroökonomik illustriert: Wir
K2 observations of the pulsating subdwarf B star EQ Piscium: an sdB+dM binary

K2, the two-wheel mission of the Kepler space telescope, observed the pulsating subdwarf B star EQPSc during engineering tests in 2014 February. In addition to a rich spectrum of g-mode pulsation frequencies, the observations demonstrate a light variation with a period of 19.2h and a full amplitude of 2%. We suggest that this is due to reection from a cool companion, making EQPsc the longest-period member of some 30 binaries comprising a hot subdwarf and a cool dwarf companion (sdB+dM), and hence useful for exploring the common-envelope ejection mechanism in low-mass binaries.
A SURVEY PAPER ON COLLABORATIVE FILTERING BASED RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS INDUSTRIES

Big Data hype gives the most attention to the recommender systems. Business industries are able to deliver value to their customers and to get significant revenue with the comfort of recommender systems. Recommender systems are in six main folds namely Collaborative Filtering (CF), Content-Based approach (CB), Demographic, Knowledge-based, Hybrid and Community-based approach. CF technique is a preferable approach to building successful recommender systems. So an extensive survey of the CF techniques is shortened for the researcher’s betterment to accomplish their further work.
APPLICATION OF AN ELECTROSTATIC SPACE CHARGE SYSTEM FOR DUST, AMMONIA, AND PATHOGEN REDUCTION IN A BROILER BREEDER HOUSE

Airborne dust in poultry housing is known to be one of the primary means by which disease-causing organisms are spread throughout a house. An electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) was used to reduce airborne dust in a small-scale broiler breeder house. The system used ceiling fans to distribute negatively charged air throughout the room and to move negatively charged dust downward toward the grounded litter where most of it would be captured. The system significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced airborne dust by an average of 61%, ammonia by an average of 56% (P < 0.0001), and airborne bacteria by 67% (P < 0.0001). Earlier studies with an ESCS have resulted in significant reductions of airborne dust, bacteria, and airborne transmission of disease in poultry hatching cabinets, caged layer rooms, and in controlled environment disease transmission cabinets. The ESCS was shown to be a reliable and easily maintained system for reducing airborne dust, ammonia, and bacteria in a small broiler breeder house. Results of this study combined with the results of related ESCS studies suggest that the system could probably be scaled up to full-sized production houses for poultry or other animals for dust reduction, pathogen reduction, and possibly ammonia reduction. All of the applications have potential for improving human health as well as animal health.
Intramolecular Radiationless Transitions

In this paper we consider a theory for intramolecular radiationless transitions in an isolated molecule. The Born–Oppenheimer zero‐order excited states are not pure in view of configuration interaction between nearly degenerate zero‐order states, leading to the broadening of the excited state, the line shape being Lorentzian. The optically excited state can be described in terms of a superposition of molecular eigenstates, and the resulting wavefunction exhibits an exponential nonradiative decay. The linewidth and the radiationless lifetime are expressed in terms of a single molecular parameter, that is the square of the interaction energy between the zero‐order state and the manifold of all vibronic states located within one energy unit around that state. The validity criteria for the occurrence of an unimolecular radiationless transition and for exponential decay in an isolated molecule are derived. Provided that the density of vibrational states is large enough (i.e., exceeds the reciprocal of the inte.
Teles Anti-Mycobacterial Responses Triggered Human − Type I Interferon Suppresses Type II Interferon

clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): April 25, 2013 www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/content/339/6126/1448.full. html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/content/suppl/2013/02/27/science.1233665. DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/content/339/6126/1448.full. html#related found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/content/339/6126/1448.full. html#ref-list-1 , 26 of which can be accessed free: cites 38 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/immunology Immunology subject collections: This article appears in the following
Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of The Leahy Emotional Schema Scale Turkish Version Based on Turkish University students and workers

Objective: Emotional schema concept is developed for determining beliefs and attributions about emotions. The aim of this study was to examine validity and reliability of the Turkish version of “Leahy Emotional Schema Scale” (LESS). Method: The sample consisted of 436 participants including students, workers and their relatives from various faculties of two Turkish universities. Translation, back-translation and pilot assessment of LESS Turkish version completed. Socio-demographic data form, LESS Turkish version and short form of the Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30) were administered to participants. For reliability of LESS test-retest correlation, split-half technique, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and item-dimension total score correlations were used. Principal component analysis and varimax rotation used for factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis was used for convergent and divergent validity. Results: The mean age of participants was 22.5±4.84 years (age range: 18-53 years) and 51.1% (n=223) were female. Statistically significant results supported LESS Turkish version’s reliability. Item-dimension total score correlation analyses revealed statistically significant correlation coefficients that show high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.86). Factor analysis revealed that LESS Turkish version, as the original version, had 14 dimensions, and these explained 56.8% of the total variance. In five dimensions, factor analysis showed inconsistency with original version of LESS. For convergent and divergent validity, we compared related subscales of LESS and MCQ-30 and revealed significant relations. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the Turkish version of LESS is a reliable and valid scale for the assessment of beliefs and attributions about emotions on non-clinical population.
What is the true mortality benefit of prostate-specific antigen screening?

The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) included 7 European countries and randomized a total of 162,243 men aged 55 to 69 years to screening and control arms.1 In the intentto-treat (ITT) analysis, Schroder and colleagues previously reported a 20% reduction in prostate cancer-specific mortality with screening (relative risk [RR] 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.98; P = .04), as we have previously reviewed.2 A limitation of this estimate is that a proportion of men randomized to screening did not comply with this intervention (noncompliance), and a proportion of men randomized to the control arm received screening outside the study (contamination). Indeed, high rates of contamination are considered a major factor behind the negative results of the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Screening Trial.3 Although opportunistic prostate cancer screening was much less common in Europe, the ERSPC authors nevertheless sought to determine the potential impact that it may have had on their survival comparisons in 2 follow-up studies.
Working Paper Series No . 57-2013 Are You Happy While You Work ?

Recent work in psychology and economics has investigated ways in which individuals experience their lives. This literature includes influences on individuals’ momentary happiness. We contribute to this literature using a new data source, Mappiness (www.mappiness.org.uk), which permits individuals to record their wellbeing via a smartphone. The data contain more than a million observations on tens of thousands of individuals in the UK, collected since August 2010. We explore the links between individuals’ wellbeing measured momentarily at random points in time and their experiences of paid work. We explore variation in wellbeing within-individual over time having accounted for fixed unobservable differences across people. We quantify the effects of working on individuals’ affect relative to other activities they perform. We consider the effects of working on two aspects of affect: happiness and relaxation. We find paid work is ranked lower than any of the other 39 activities individuals engage in, with the exception of being sick in bed. Although controlling for other factors, including person fixed effects, reduces the size of the association its rank position remains the same and the effect is still equivalent to a 7-8% reduction in happiness relative to circumstances in which one is not working. Paid work has a similar though slightly larger negative impact on being relaxed. However, precisely how unhappy or anxious one is while working depends on the circumstances. Wellbeing at work varies significantly with where you work (at home, at work, elsewhere); whether you are combining work with other activities; whether you are alone or with others; and the time of day or night you are working. JEL Classification: I1; J0; J28
Floodadaptive traits andprocesses : anoverview

Unanticipated flooding challenges plant growth and fitness in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Here we describe mechanisms of developmental plasticity and metabolic modulation that underpin adaptive traits and acclimation responses to waterlogging of root systems and submergence of aerial tissues. This includes insights into processes that enhance ventilation of submerged organs. At the intersection between metabolism and growth, submergence survival strategies have evolved involving an ethylene-driven and gibberellinenhanced module that regulates growth of submerged organs. Opposing regulation of this pathway is facilitated by a subgroup of ethylene-response transcription factors (ERFs), which include members that require low O2 or low nitric oxide (NO) conditions for their stabilization. These transcription factors control genes encoding enzymes required for anaerobic metabolism aswell as proteins that fine-tune their function in transcription and turnover. Othermechanisms that control metabolism and growth at seed, seedling and mature stages under flooding conditions are reviewed, as well as findings demonstrating that true endurance of submergence includes anability to restoregrowth following thedeluge. Finally,wehighlightmolecular insights obtained from natural variation of domesticated and wild species that occupy different hydrological niches, emphasizing the value of understanding natural flooding survival strategies in efforts to stabilize crop yields in flood-prone environments.
Individual variation in winter supplementary food consumption and its consequences for reproduction in wild birds

The provision of wild birds with supplementary food has increased substantially over recent decades. While it is assumed that provisioning birds is beneficial, supplementary feeding can have detrimental ‘carry-over’ effects on reproductive traits. Due to difficulties in monitoring individual feeding behaviour, assessing how individuals within a population vary in their exploitation of supplementary food resources has been limited. Quantifying individual consumption of supplementary food is necessary to understand the operation of carry-over effects at the individual level. We used Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and automated feeders to estimate individual consumption of supplementary winter food in a large wild population of great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. Using these data, we identified demographic factors that explained individual variation in levels of supplementary food consumption. We also tested for carry-over effects of supplementary food consumption on recruitment, reproductive success and a measure of survival. Individual variation in consumption of supplementary food was explained by differences between species, ages, sexes and years. Individuals were consistent across time in their usage of supplementary resources. We found no strong evidence that the extent of supplementary food consumption directly influenced subsequent fitness parameters. Such effects may instead result from supplementary food influencing population demographics by enhancing the survival and subsequent breeding of less competitive individuals, which reduce average breeding parameters and increase density-dependent competition. Carry-over effects of supplementary feeding are not universal and may depend upon the temporal availability of the food provided. Our study demonstrates how RFID systems can be used to examine individual-level behaviour with minimal effects on fitness.
A Minimax Algorithm Better than Alpha-Beta ?

This paper has three main contributions to our understanding of fixed-depth minimax search: (A) A new formulation for Stockman’s SSS* algorithm, based on Alpha-Beta, is presented. It solves all the perceived drawbacks of SSS*, finally transforming it into a practical algorithm. In effect, we show that SSS* = α-β + transposition tables. The crucial step is the realization that transposition tables contain so-called solution trees, structures that are used in best-first search algorithms like SSS*. Having created a practical version, we present performance measurements with tournament game-playing programs for three different minimax games, yielding results that contradict a number of publications. (B) Based on the insights gained in our attempts at understanding SSS*, we present a framework that facilitates the construction of several best-first fixeddepth game-tree search algorithms, known and new. The framework is based on depth-first null-window Alpha-Beta search, enhanced with storage to allow for the refining of previous search results. It focuses attention on the essential differences between algorithms. (C) We present a new instance of the framework, MTD(ƒ). It is well-suited for use with iterative deepening, and performs better than algorithms that are currently used in most state-of-the-art game-playing programs. We provide experimental evidence to explain why MTD(ƒ) performs better than the other fixed-depth minimax algorithms.
Heavy metal concentration and speciation in Sarcheshmeh soil , Kerman Province

Copper smelting in Sarcheshmeh copper complex poses a serious threat to soil contamination by toxic heavy metals (As, Cu, Mo, Cd, Pb, Zn). In this study assessment of induced pollution to soil is carried out and heavy metal speciation is investigated. Calculated geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicate that the most polluted stations are those close to the smelter and also in the prevailing wind directions. Also the level of contamination is rapidly decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. This is in agreement with statistical results which also confirm decreasing elemental concentration with increasing distance from the smelter. Sequential extraction analyses indicate that metal mobility is not significant and the exchangeable fraction is negligible in most cases. The results of mobility factor calculation reflect decreasing heavy metal mobility with depth and also distance from the smelter. Furthermore, residual fraction constitutes a major fraction especially in the case of Pb, Mo and Zn. This may reflect contribution of native elements in topsoil enrichment, especially in areas distant from the smelter.
Permutation decoding of Z 2 Z 4 -linear codes

An alternative permutation decoding method is described which can be used for any binary systematic encoding scheme, regardless whether the code is linear or not. Thus, the method can be applied to some important codes such as Z 2 Z 4 -linear codes, which are binary and, in general, nonlinear codes in the usual sense. For this, it is proved that these codes allow a systematic encoding scheme. As particular examples, this permutation decoding method is applied to some Hadamard Z 2 Z 4 -linear codes
Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis in Castor Bean Endosperm 1

Endosperm halves from 3-day-old castor bean (Ricinus communis var Hale) were incubated for 30 minutes with L-14Cjserine, after which label was observed in ethanolamine, choline, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, ethanolaminephosphate, and CDPethanolamine, but not in cholinephosphate or CDPcholine. Only later did significant amounts of isotope become incorporated into cholinephosphate and CDPcholine. The choline kinase inhibitor hemicholinium-3 prevented the incorporation of label from serine into cholinephosphate and CDPcholine, reduced the incorporation of I'4Cicholine into phosphatidylcholine by 65%, but inhibited the incorporation of label into phosphatidylcholine from serine by only 15%. The inhibitor did not prevent the incorporation of labeled methyl groups from S-adenosyl-Lmethionine into phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine plus phosphatidylcholine. The amount of incorporation of label from the methyl donor was only 8% of that from choline into phosphatidylcholine. The implications of these results for the pathway and regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from the water-soluble precursors are discussed. Phosphatidylcholine is the major phospholipid in most eukaryotic cell membranes, with phosphatidylethanolamine generally being second most abundant (1). Some evidence exists for regulation of the levels of PC2 independent ofthe other phospholipids in plants. For example, PC increases as a proportion of the total phospholipid over the 8-d postgermination period in castor bean endosperm (13, 16). This regulation may be complex, however, since PC synthesis involves more than one pathway (10, 12). For instance, in an early study of the incorporation of ['4C]serine into intact tomato roots, Willemot and Boll (18) concluded that PE was synthesized by the decarboxylation of PS, and PC by the methylation of PE. This pathway also has been found in castor bean endosperm (10), but the activity appeared to be only a fraction ofthe activity ofthe enzymes of the nucleotide pathway, in which PC is synthesized from free choline. Thus, at least two pathways must be considered as sources for PC in plants. The source of the water-soluble precursors also is unclear. It seems likely that in many plant tissues the biosynthesis ofcholine involves the methylation of ethanolamine, and that ethanolamine is formed by the decarboxylation of serine (6). It is not firmly established, however, whether these reactions occur predominantly at the level of free bases, phosphoryl bases, or phosphatides. In other words, it is not clear if the syntheses involve 'Supported by National Science Foundation grant PCM-8402001 to
Extratropical sources of Equatorial Pacific upwelling in an OGCM

The extratropical sources of equatorial undercurrent (EUC) water have been identified for an ocean circulation model using Lagrangian trajectory analysis. It has been found that the EUC waters emenate from a wide range of latitudes in the Pacific basin, with its densest constituent watermass being Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) from 50°S. Further analysis of the basin‐scale circulation fields has revealed significant advective diapycnal mass fluxes associated with intergyre exchange. As a result of these diapycnal mass fluxes, the EUC transport as a function of density at 151°W (an Eulerian diagnostic) looks quite different from the original subduction rate as a function of density for the same collection of water particles. This implicates diapycnal vertical mixing as an important player in determining the preferred density horizon of maximum EUC transport along the equator. In summary, these results illustrate an important interdependence between advective and diapycnal mixing processes associated with basin‐scale inter‐gyre and inter‐basin exchange in determining the mean equatorial stratification and EUC structure.