Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Good-Deal Bounds for Option Prices under Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall Constraints

In this paper, we deal with the pricing of European options in an incomplete market. We use the common risk measures Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall to define good-deals on a financial market with log-normally distributed rate of returns. We show that the pricing bounds obtained from the Value-at-Risk admit a non-smooth behavior under parameter changes. Additionally, we find situations in which the seller’s bound for a call option is smaller than the buyer’s bound. We identify the missing convexity of the Value-at-Risk as main reason for this behavior. Due to the strong connection between good-deal bounds and the theory of risk measures, we further obtain new insights in the finiteness and the continuity of risk measures based on multiple eligible assets in our setting.
As estratégias com “extrema utilização” dos programas de stricto sensu das instituições do Brasil da área de Administração Pública e de Empresas, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo frente aos cenários prospectados para o período de 2019 a 2030

The objective of this study was to identify the "extreme use" strategies of the Stricto Sensu Programs of the Higher Education Institutions of Brazil in the Public Administration and Business, Accounting and Tourism areas against the scenarios for the period 2019 to 2030. We used the scenario methodology suggested by Blanning and Reinig. The results show that from the strategies in the optimistic and realistic scenarios, the emphasis is on "promoting the quality of theses and dissertations". As for the pessimistic scenario, the strategy "reduce costs (personnel, administrative expenses, downsizing of the organizational structure)" is highlighted, thus confirming its importance as a strategy to be followed in uncertain scenarios. The contribution that this study brings to the academic literature of the area is to bring into the agenda a broad and robust number of strategies that could make important contributions to the institutions and their respective stricto sensu postgraduate programs in the area of administration, accounting and tourism in scenarios of uncertainties and challenges as a result of competitiveness, pursuing and raising a posteriori better levels of organizational performance.
Mathematical modeling of population structure in bioreactors seeded with light-controllable microbial stem cells

Industrial bioreactors use microbial organisms as living factories to produce a wide range of commercial products. For most applications, yields eventually become limited by the proliferation of “escape mutants” that acquire a growth advantage by losing the ability to make product. The goal of this work is to use mathematical models to determine whether this problem could be addressed in continuous flow bioreactors that include a “stem cell” population that multiplies rapidly and could be used to compete against the emergence of cheater mutants. In this system, external stimuli can be used to induce stem cell multiplication through symmetric cell division, or to limit stem cell multiplication and induce higher production through an asymmetric cell division that produces one stem cell and one new product-producing “factory cell”. Our results show product yields from bioreactors with microbial stem cells can be increased by 18% to 127% over conventional methods, and sensitivity analysis shows that yields could be improved over a broad range of parameter space.
Quail growth curve model identity

In this study, we sought to apply the model identity technique to compare the influence of eight treatments on growth parameters for three broiler quail lines, estimated using a logistic nonlinear regression model. For the analysis, we used the weight and age data obtained for three lines of European broiler quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in a completely randomized 2×4 factorial scheme, with two levels of metabolizable energy (2900 and 3100 kcal of ME kg-1 of diet), four levels of raw protein (22%, 24%, 26% and 28% crude protein), and six repetitions. Results obtained for model identity tests indicated that although there were no significant differences among the parameters of the model between the treatments evaluated in each strain, there were, with the exception of Treatment 5 (3100 kcal of ME kg-1 and 22% crude protein), significant differences with respect to the adult weight parameter between lines within each treatment.
A review for selecting medicinal plants commonly used for malaria in Uganda

The menace of current cases of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs, non- availability and accessibility, and the high costs of pharmaceutical products contribute to the high rate of medicinal plants consumption in the treatment of malaria in Uganda. Different ethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants with antimalarial properties have been conducted across different geographical regions in Uganda in order to identify and select the most commonly used antimalarial plants as candidates in the proposed national herbal pharmacopoeia. The available literature on the medicinal plants used against malaria in the western, central, eastern and northern geographical regions in Uganda was selected from reputable journals using various citation databases as guides. The commonly used antimalarial plants in the regions were searched using relevant journals on previously established ethno-botanical survey. They were then ranked in order of percentage frequency of appearance in the literature from surveys across the country. Fifteen medicinal plants were selected in this way from several antimalarial plants cited. Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica appeared most (100%), followed by Carica papaya, Mangifera indica and Hoslundia opposita with 80% appearance each across the 4 regions.The medicinal plants from this review were therefore ranked as the most used for treatment of malaria in Uganda and therefore, could be recommended for herbal pharmacopoeial standards development. Key words: Antimalarial, medicinal plants, antiplasmodial, herbal pharmacopoeial standards.
Dispersion and aggregation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of anionic surfactants

Understanding the dispersion and aggregation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the aqueous environment are critical for the fate, bioavailability, and the environment and health risk assessment of them because the better suspended CNTs display a higher mobility and could transfer to a longer distance in the environment to possibly pose greater ecological and environmental risks. In this study, we have found that bulk single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) could not be dispersed and stably suspended in water and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) solution by shaking at 140 r/min, although they could be stably suspended in SDBS solution by sonication. Even through sonication, SWCNTs suspended in SDBS solution do not remain stable at the presence of environmentally relevant cations (e.g., Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) after dilution. These observations suggest that SWCNTs will not travel long distances in significant concentrations in the natural environment to pose great ecological and environmental risks. We also observed that the re-aggregation of suspended SWCNTs in the presence of cations was dependent on the SDBS concentration rather than the SWCNT concentration in the suspension. Both SDBS and sonication play important roles in the dispersion of SWCNTs, with sonication breaking down large aggregates of SWCNTs, while SDBS adsorbed on the SWCNTs inhibits the coagulation and aggregation by steric/electrostatic repulsion to maintain the stability of the suspension in water. 概要研究目的纳米颗粒在水中的悬浮和团聚性能是决定它们在环境中迁移行为及潜在健康和环境风险影响范围的关键。 表面活性剂不仅在环境中普遍存在, 而且是工业制备纳米颗粒稳定悬浮液的主要分散剂。 本文以单壁纳米碳管为代表, 研究震荡扰动及稀释等模拟环境条件下其在阴离子表面活性剂溶液中的分散悬浮和团聚沉降性能, 为评价纳米颗粒排放进入环境后的潜在风险提供依据。 创新要点现有研究认为, 纳米颗粒由于能在水中稳定悬浮, 其排放到环境中会产生长距离迁移并存在造成大范围污染的可能性和生态健康风险。 在本文中, 震荡扰动及稀释等模拟环境条件的研究表明, 单壁碳纳米管在环境中长距离迁移并造成大范围污染的可能性和风险较小。 研究方法通过比较震荡扰动 (模拟环境条件) 和超声辅助两种分散悬浮方式及有无添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS) 阴离子表面活性剂条件下的单壁碳纳米管在水中的悬浮性能 (图1), 研究单壁碳纳米管能否在环境中被分散悬浮。 通过研究 Na+, K+, Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 等环境主要阳离子存在时 SDBS 稳定悬浮的单壁碳纳米管悬浮性能及与 SDBS 浓度等的相关性 (图 6 和 8), 探明稳定悬浮的单壁碳纳米管能否在环境稀释过程中和环境阳离子存在下保持稳定悬浮。 重要结论在超声辅助下, 单壁碳纳米管可以在 SDBS 阴离子表面活性剂溶液中稳定分散悬浮, 但不能在水中稳定分散悬浮。 在无超声辅助、 仅通过机械震荡的情况下, 单壁碳纳米管无法在水中和 SDBS 溶液中稳定分散悬浮。 对于已经在 SDBS 溶液中稳定悬浮的单壁碳纳米管, 它们在 Na+, K+, Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 等环境主要阳离子存在时也会脱稳形成团聚沉降, 且该团聚沉降行为取决于悬浮溶液中 SDBS 的浓度。 当 SDBS 稳定悬浮的单壁碳纳米管在环境中被稀释时, SDBS 浓度被稀释降低, 会迅速导致单壁碳纳米管团聚沉降。 因此, 单壁碳纳米管很难在环境中被分散悬浮, 即使是已经稳定分散悬浮的单壁碳纳米管, 也会在环境稀释和环境阳离子的作用下快速团聚沉降。 由此可见, 单壁碳纳米管在环境中长距离迁移并造成大范围污染的可能性和风险较小。
Effect of Hypertension on Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematous in a Tertiary Medical Center in Korea

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and long-term clinical effects of hypertension in Korean childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. Methods: The medical records of SLE patients, diagnosed by 2019 SLE European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria, who visited Samsung Medical Center from January 2009 to May 2019 were reviewed. Disease activity and long-term damage were evaluated using the Modified Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and the Pediatric Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ ACR Damage Index (Ped-SDI), respectively. The sex-, ageand height-blood pressure standards recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics 2017 guideline was used to define hypertension. Results: A total of 32 patients were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up duration was 7.3 years and females were predominant. The median ages at SLE and hypertension diagnoses were 14.2 and 14.3 years, respectively. The biopsyproven lupus nephritis was detected in 90.6% and 37.5% were class IV. During the follow-up, 12 patients (37.5%) had hypertension. Among them, 2 patients had 3 episodes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and 5 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Univariate analysis showed baseline hypertension was significantly correlated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher body mass index and SLEDAI at baseline. The development of hypertension during the follow-up was significantly correlated with obesity, LVH, and higher Ped-SDI. Conclusion: Our study revealed that hypertension in pediatric SLE is associated with obesity and renal function at SLE diagnosis and could affect long-term damage.
Signal Acquisition by Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Data Analysis for Mental Aptitude Tasks

General Linear Model is a statistical approach to enable an accurate analysis of NIRS signal. In this study. the fNIRS data are regressed using a linear combination of task-related regressors plus an error term. The mental tasks related regressors are obtained by convolving boxcar functions, that correspond to our experimental design with HRF. Experimentally the signal was acquired from a functional NIRS system during the brain activation from the participant while visual stimulation task. The block design for data acquisition consists of 40s rest and 60s task in repetition. From the measured data, oxy-hemoglobin was estimated and considered for parametric analysis. We observed a statistical significance of p<0.9 from our analysis.
Electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by Yb-doped Ti/SnO2–Sb/PbO2 anodes and determination of the optimal conditions

Model aqueous solutions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 100 mg L−1) were electro-oxidized in a homemade container. The electrocatalytic behavior and anodic performance of Ti/SnO2–Sb/Yb–PbO2, Ti/SnO2–Sb–PbO2 and Ti/SnO2–Sb–Yb anodes in sodium electrolytes were compared. The SnO2–Sb/Yb–PbO2 anode demonstrated better electrocatalytic performance compared with the SnO2–Sb–PbO2 and SnO2–Sb–Yb electrodes in terms of both degradation and defluorination. Then a systematic experimental study was designed as follows to analyze the influencing factors: initial concentration of PFOA (10 mg L−1 to 200 mg L−1), current density (1 mA cm−2 to 40 mA cm−2), initial pH value (3 to 11) and electrode distance (5 mm to 20 mm). After a 150 min electrolysis, the optimum reaction conditions were obtained and the degradation and defluorination ratios reached 95.11 ± 3.9% and 75.7 ± 2.8%, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the degradation of PFOA followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (0.0193 min−1) and the degradation half-life was 35.9 min. The produced F− was measured using a fluoride ion selective electrode, whereas the intermediate PFCAs with short-chain lengths were measured using HPLC-MS. A detailed degradation pathway was proposed in this study by analyzing the intermediates and the recovery of fluoride.
How Important Are Resistance, Dispersal Ability, Population Density and Mortality in Temporally Dynamic Simulations of Population Connectivity? A Case Study of Tigers in Southeast Asia

Development of landscape connectivity and spatial population models is challenging, given the uncertainty of parameters and the sensitivity of models to factors and their interactions over time. Using spatially and temporally explicit simulations, we evaluate the sensitivity of population distribution, abundance and connectivity of tigers in Southeast Asia to variations of resistance surface, dispersal ability, population density and mortality. Utilizing a temporally dynamic cumulative resistant kernel approach, we tested (1) effects and interactions of parameters on predicted population size, distribution and connectivity, and (2) displacement and divergence in scenarios across timesteps. We evaluated the effect of varying levels of factors on simulated population, cumulative resistance kernel extent, and kernel sum across nine timesteps, producing 24,300 simulations. We demonstrate that predicted population, range shifts, and landscape connectivity are highly sensitive to parameter values with significant interactions and relative strength of effects varying by timestep. Dispersal ability, mortality risk and their interaction dominated predictions. Further, population density had intermediate effects, landscape resistance had relatively low impacts, and mitigation of linear barriers (highways) via lowered resistance had little relative effect. Results are relevant to regional, long-term tiger population management, providing insight into potential population growth and range expansion across a landscape of global conservation priority.
Molecular and Mesoscopic Dynamics Simulations on the Compatibility of PLA/Plasticizer Blends

The compatibility of the blend systems for olyactic acid (PLA)/tributyl citrate (TBC) and PLA/glycerol has been studied by molecule and mesoscopic dynamics methods. The results from glass transition temperature simulations showed that the compatibility of PLA/TBC system was better than that of PLA/glycerol, which were consistent with the conclusion obtained from the pair correlation functions. Besides, the behaviors of phase state distribution and evolution process were investigated by mesoscopic dynamics method as well. The results indicated that citrate ester was a better plasticizer than glycerol for PLA.
Unusual crystallization behavior of biodegradable poly(ethylene adipate) based nanocomposites induced by graphene oxide

In the present research, we successfully prepared a series of graphene oxide (GO)/biodegradable poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA) nanocomposites through a simple solution and precipitation process. The scanning electron microscopy observation revealed a fine dispersion of GO with a layered structure throughout the PEA matrix. The crystal structure, nonisothermal melt crystallization behavior, overall isothermal melt crystallization kinetics, spherulitic morphology, and spherulitic growth rate of the PEA/GO nanocomposites were investigated in detail and compared with those of neat PEA. Induced by the heterogeneous nucleation of GO, the crystallization processes of the nanocomposites were enhanced, when the samples were nonisothermally crystallized at a cooling rate of 5 °C min−1 or isothermally crystallized at crystallization temperature values ranging from 32 to 40 °C; however, the nanocomposites and neat PEA exhibited the same crystallization mechanism and crystal structure. Within the investigated temperature range of 24 to 32 °C, banded spherulite morphologies were observed for neat PEA and its nanocomposites. Moreover, it was interesting to find that GO not only enhanced the nucleation density as a nucleating agent but also increased the spherulitic growth rate of the nanocomposites by exhibiting a superstructure templating effect.
Motion of phase boundary during antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transition in a 
PbZrO3
-based ceramic

The in situ biasing transmission electron microscopy technique is employed to investigate the nucleation and growth of the ferroelectric phase during the electric field-induced phase transition in ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.99}{{\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.02}{[{({\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.57}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{0.43})}_{0.94}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.06}]}_{0.98}}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, a ${\mathrm{PbZrO}}_{3}$-based antiferroelectric ceramic. The first-order displacive phase transition is found to be highly reversible with the initial antiferroelectric domain configuration almost completely recovered upon removal of the applied field. In the forward transition from the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase, ${{100}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ facets are dominant on the phase boundary; while in the reverse transition from the ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase during bias unloading, the phase boundary is segmented into ${{101}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ and ${{121}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ facets. The motion of the phase boundary is nonuniform, taking the form of sequential sweeping of facet segments. The elastic distortion energy and the depolarization energy at the antiferroelectric/ferroelectric phase boundary is suggested to dictate the facet motion.
Nutrition in this Pandemic of COVID19

The most common symptoms are fever (80%), tiredness (40%) and dry cough (70%), also some patients may develop general malaise, aches and pains, stuffy and runny nose, sore throat, breathing difficulties, headache, anorexia or diarrhea [4]. These are usually mild and begin gradually, and in some cases, people become infected but remain asymptomatic. Most infected people (about 80%) recover from the disease without the need for special treatment. However, 1 in 6 people (15%) who contract COVID-19 become seriously ill and develop difficulty breathing [5].
Potential of Biochar Application to Mitigate Salinity Stress in Eggplant

Salinity stress is among the major abiotic stresses prevailing in arid and semiarid areas such as the southern high plains of the United States. In these areas, both declining quality of groundwater and cultivation practices have resulted in increased accumulation of salts in the root zone. The occurrence of excessive salts in the root zone is detrimental for plant growth and economic yield. Recently, biochar has received a great consideration as a soil amendment to mitigate the detrimental impacts of salinity stress. However, the effectiveness of biochar to mitigate the salinity stress depends on the feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature and time, soil type and properties, and plant species. Therefore, a pot experiment in a greenhouse was conducted to 1) examine the effects of salinity stress on physiology, shoot and root growth, and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and 2) evaluate the potential of hardwood biochar and softwood biochar to mitigate the damaging effects of salinity stress on eggplant. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three salinity levels of irrigation water [S0 (control, 0.04 dS·m−1), S1 (2 dS·m−1), and S2 (4 dS·m−1)] as main-plot factor and three biochar treatments [B0 (control, non-biochar), Bh (hardwood biochar), and Bs (softwood biochar)] as subplot factor with four replications. Results showed that stomatal conductance (gS) and photosynthesis rate decreased significantly, while leaf temperature and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with increase in irrigation water salinity levels. Root growth (root length density and root surface area density), shoot growth (plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area), and yield of eggplant declined with increase in levels of salinity stress. Biochar application helped to enhance gS and photosynthesis rate, and to decrease leaf temperature and electrolyte leakage in leaf tissues of plants. This resulted in better root growth, shoot growth, and fruit yield of eggplant in treatments amended with biochar than non-biochar (control) treatment. There was no significant difference in the effect of two types of biochars (hardwood and softwood biochar) on physiology, root growth, shoot growth, and yield of eggplant. Therefore, it can be concluded that softwood and hardwood biochars could be used to minimize the detrimental impacts of salinity stress in eggplant.
XPS analysis of chitosan–hydroxyapatite biomaterials: from elements to compounds

Chitosan (Cs) and hydroxyapatite (Ha) were analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Phosphorylated Cs microparticles and hybrid Cs/Ha microparticles were prepared and analysed by XPS before and after immersion in a solution 1.5 times more concentrated than a simulated body fluid (SBF). The accuracy of spectrum recording, peak decomposition and peak component assignment was insured by a post‐control of charge stabilization, and by the examination of correlations between spectral data guided by stoichiometry and charge balance. The concentration of organic oxygen was determined from the concentrations of the oxidized forms of carbon, allowing a sharper insight into speciation and O 1s peak shape. This indicated that the hydroxide ion of Ha, and hydrogenophosphate if present, give a contribution near 532.4 eV, which overlaps with organic oxygen. As a result of immersion in the 1.5*SBF solution, the formation of CaCO3 and of Ha material occurred. A quantification could be made for the constituents of biomaterial interest, contaminating salts and paraffin oil residues from the microparticle manufacturing process. The uncertainties regarding the nature of the model calcium phosphate used and the best marker for calcium carbonate were addressed by comparing the possible effect on the output, which was facilitated by using ternary composition diagrams. Whatever their formulation, the native microparticles were found to be coated by a thick layer of paraffin oil. The induction of calcium carbonate and phosphate precipitation or the retention of precipitates by the microparticles was favored by the presence of phosphate in the initial formulation either by phosphorylation or by incorporation of Ha. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.