Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explanatory Models of Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control among Southwestern Nigerians

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with serious health and economic consequences. Patients with diabetes mellitus are often placed on a complex treatment program including life style modification, pills and or injectable such that the control of the illness will depend on patient’s personal behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between glycemic control, medication taking behaviors and patients’ explanatory models of their illness. The study was a hospital cross sectional study among 98 patients with diabetes mellitus on oral hypoglycemic agents at a University Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the Local Research and Ethics committee prior to commencement of the study. Patient’s sociodemographic characteristics, illness duration, Illness explanatory models and medication taking behaviors were collected after an informed consent was obtained. Explanatory models of diabetes was assessed using the Illness Perception Questionnaire on diabetes mellitus (IPQ-R), medication taking behavior was measured by pill counting and an average blood glucose was used as a surrogate of metabolic control among the cohort. Associated between explanatory models of diabetes, medicating behaviors and average glucose levels was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. A significant negative correlation was observed between metabolic control, adherence, illness coherence, personal control, treatment control, timeline acute/chronic and disease consequence. A positive correlation was found between glycemic control, emotional representation, external attributions such psychological and chance attributions. Duration of illness was associated with high score on disease consequences and course. However, there was no significant correlation between components of the illness explanatory models and age, gender or educational status. Explanatory models consistent with biomedical disease model of diabetes were associated with good medication taking behavior and good glycemic profile. These beliefs are modifiable and are target for educational interventions to improve self-care behaviors and metabolic control.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS A MORTALIDAD POR SEPSIS GRAVE EN UNIDAD DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS POLIVALENTE. TRIENIO 2009-2011

Introduccion: Es necesario mantener una observacion estrecha sobre determinados factores asociados al aumento de la mortalidad por sepsis Objetivos: Determinar los factores clinico-epidemiologicos y evolutivos de los pacientes que ingresan por sepsis grave, asociados a mortalidad por esta causa. Metodo: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de serie de casos en la UCI del Hospital “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguia Lima”, de los enfermos admitidos por sepsis grave en el trienio 2009 - 2011. N = 332. Se caracterizaron a los pacientes atendiendo a la relacion entre aspectos clinico – epidemiologicas; luego se analizaron la relacion entre variables clinico – epidemiologicas y evolutivas de los enfermos con el estado al egreso. Resultados: Los factores fueron: la edad entre 55 y 74 anos (10.8 %); la infeccion respiratoria (7,5 %) y la infeccion Intraabdominal (6.9 %); el desarrollo de disfuncion organica multiple (20.2 %); la asociacion de disfunciones respiratoria y cardiovascular (16 %); uso necesario de ventilacion mecanica (22.9 %) Conclusiones: La observacion retrospectiva de variables clinico-epidemiologicas y evolutivas de los pacientes que ingresan por sepsis grave en cuidados intensivos permite determinar factores que se asocian a la letalidad por esta causa y una mejor comprension fisiopatologica del problema.
Etude de la relation entre bruxisme et dystonies cranio-cervicales

Le bruxisme est decrit comme une activite motrice qui suscite l'interet de plusieurs disciplines medicales. Il presente differentes formes cliniques et il est relativement frequent (8%) dans la population generale. Mais les donnees epidemiologiques sont tres subjectives en raison de la methode d'autoevaluation utilisee et de la difficulte a interpreter certaines mesures. L'objet de notre etude est de rechercher les relations possibles entre dystonies cranio-cervicales (DCC) et bruxisme. Materiel et methodes : Les differents signes cliniques du bruxisme ont ete compares au sein de deux populations : le groupe des DCC et le groupe des temoins sains. Cette etude a ete realisee a l'aide d'un questionnaire d'auto evaluation et d'un examen clinique complet afin de diagnostiquer le bruxisme. Le groupe des DCC compte 83 sujets dont 69 atteints de torticolis spasmodique, 11 d'un syndrome de Meige et 3 de dystonie oro-mandibulaire. Une regression logistique binomiale a ete utilisee pour mettre en evidence les parametres du questionnaire ayant une influence. Le test du Chi 2 a permis d'evaluer l'association entre les variables, avec une significativite a P < 0.05. Resultats : 41 % des sujets DCC presentent un bruxisme, contre 23% dans le groupe temoin (p=0.003) ; 54,2% des sujets DCC presentent une hypertonie des muscles de la mâchoire ; 20,5% des sujets DCC serrent les dents la nuit, contre 14,8% de sujets temoins ; 12,2% des sujets du groupe DCC disent grincer des dents la nuit, contre 10,4% des sujets temoins (p=0,036). Conclusion : Cette etude montre un bruxisme plus eleve chez les patients DCC. Certains signes cliniques lies au bruxisme sont retrouves dans les deux populations. Il existerait donc une relation entre les dystonies cranio-cervicales et le bruxisme.
Personalizing Professional Growth: Staff Development That Works

Looking at Other Professions Adult Learning and Effective Staff Development Instruction-Centered Staff Development Focused-Training Staff Development Focused-Research Staff Development Merit Pay Staff Development School Improvement Staff Development Internal Career Ladder Staff Development External Career Ladder Staff Development Self-Directed Staff Development A Combined Approach to Staff Development Creating a Context for Personalized Professional Growth
The Role of Information Technology Human Capability in the Implementation of Information Technology Governance (ITG): A Systematic Literature Review on Malaysian Organizations

This study reviewed articles on information technology governance (ITG) in the Malaysian context and categorized the issues found in ITG implementation according to organizational-related and human-related issues. It further analysed the impact and role of information technology (IT) human capability in ITG implementation in developing countries like Malaysia, which is still in the infancy stage of ITG. This study found that most organizations in Malaysia are not only facing organizational-related issues but also human-related issues as well. However, there are insufficient studies on how implementation issues between organization and humans are interrelated. The roles of IT human capability in ITG implementation has been heavily underrated as most studies focused on ITG mechanisms and the impact of ITG on firm performance. Issues highlighted in past studies were summarized and used to explain the roles of IT human capability in ITG implementation. The findings revealed that the number of issues reported in the human-related category was slightly more than organizational-related issues. This study explains the role of IT human capability in ITG and reduces the ambiguity of IT human capability in ITG for future research activities.
Falsche Sicherheiten. Geschlechterverhältnisse in autoritären Regimen. Autokratie, Demokratie und Geschlecht: Geschlechterverhältnisse in autoritären Regimen - Einleitung

Trotz weltweiter Demokratisierungsprozesse in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten gehören autoritäre politische Systeme auch im 21. Jahrhundert zur politischen Realität. So werden bis heute ein Viertel aller Staaten und ein Drittel der Weltbevölkerung in Form von Monarchien, Präsidialautokratien, Familienautokratien und Militärjuntas autoritär regiert. Hinzu kommen zahlreiche so genannte hybride Staaten, die sich zwar in Transformationsprozessen befinden, aber immer noch zahlreiche Mängel bei der Etablierung stabiler Demokratien aufweisen oder gar eine Rückkehr zu autoritären Formen zeigen. Nicht zuletzt stellen aktuell die Ereignisse des Arabischen Frühlings eine wohl beispiellose Herausforderung autoritärer Regime dar. Gleichzeitig scheinen autoritäre Tendenzen auch in europäischen Ländern zunehmend von krisenhaften Demokratieerfahrungen zu profitieren. Eine Ursache für die se Entwicklungen dürfte in einem gesteigerten Bedürfnis nach politischer Stabilität und Sicherheit liegen. So gibt es in den aktuellen Debatten, auch zur gegenwärtigen Krise, deutliche Anzeichen für einen Bedeutungswandel des Begriffs der Sicherheit weg von sozialer Sicherheit hin zur Stabilität wirtschaftlicher und politischer Verhältnisse im Allgemeinen und auch hin zu einem Verständnis von innerer Sicherheit. Die Sicherheit, die mit der Persistenz oder dem Erstarken autoritärer Strukturen verbunden wird, greift oftmals auf angeblich sichere, historisch oder auch „natürlich“ gesetzte Ordnungen – nationale, geschlechtliche, dynastische, religiöse etc. – zurück; dies sind jedoch aus demokratischer und insbesondere feministischer Perspektive eingeschränkte, falsche Sicherheiten. Bislang steht die Rolle von Geschlechterverhältnissen in diesen Entwicklungen nicht im Fokus der Forschung. Doch gibt es zahlreiche empirische Befunde, die auf den Stellenwert und die Funktion von hierarchischen Geschlechterordnungen, patriarchalen Geschlechterverhältnissen und traditionellen Geschlechterrollen für die Reproduktion von Herrschaftsstrukturen und die Stabilität autoritärer Regime
A TECHNICAL REPORT EXPLORING WHETHER CAREGIVERS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS RECEIVE SUFFICIENT PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT A South African Descriptive Study at Community Care Project

I find that most of the time my heart is sore, and I think a lot, and I feel I need someone to talk to, even if it’s a little kid”. This is one of the desperate voices of one of Community Care Project’s Caregivers. Community Care Project (CCP) provides support for families who are infected and affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The researcher observed that many of the staff, volunteers and carers were experiencing exhaustion, depression and even burn-out as a result of continual caring for people infected by HIV/AIDS. Caring for a Person Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) appeared to be a major stressor in the lives of caregivers, which was believed to affect a caregiver’s mental health and his or her ability to cope, as well as a caregiver’s general wellbeing. Thus, the research question was: “Do CCP caregivers providing care to People living with HIV/AIDS, receive sufficient psychosocial support? ” The degree of psycho-social support that is presently available to caregivers, as well as whether current support is sufficient for maintained coping by caregivers within the HIV/AIDS context were addressed as an integral part of the research. A phenomelogical descriptive survey study design was used to explore the research question. Forty-two Caregivers participated in this study (population size of 97 possible CCP caregivers). Self-administered questionnaires were completed and two focus groups were conducted to explore the effects that caring for a PLHA had on ones’ coping ability, and whether one had sufficient psycho-social support for maintained coping. Analysis was carried out using manual coding for qualitative data, while the quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed CCP caregivers are not receiving sufficient psycho-social support. Results also showed that demographic variables such as age, sex, health of PLHA, type of caregiver, monthly income, number of HIV-related deaths, and number of PLHA’s cared for did not affect a caregivers coping ability. Results showed poor access to and use of emotional support networks. 41 % of caregivers feel they are not currently coping with the stressors of caregiving and 88 % are experiencing one or more symptoms of burnout (the most common being insomnia, with 48% of participants experiencing this symptom). iii The study concluded that caregiving has affected physical, mental and spiritual health of caregivers and many expressed that there had been significant decrease in their functioning as a result of their caregiving for PLHA’s.
Shift in HR professionals role: critical trends in HR management practices

The business world is concerned with the improvement of organizational performance. Consequently, Human Resource Management (HRM) practices outcome on organizational performance has been the major concern of the previous scholars. Therefore, any organization that fails to improve its performance would not be able to meet up with trends in achieving competitive advantages. HR means understanding the implications of globalization, work-force diversity, changing skill requirements, corporate downsizing, continuous improvement initiatives, re-engineering, the contingent workforce, decentralized work sites, and employee involvement. Organizations today are also witnessing a change in the system, management cultures, and philosophy due to the global alignment.There is a need for multi-skill development and the role of HRM is becoming all the more important.
Collaborative Environmental Management: What Roles for Government-1

Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. Governmental Roles in Collaborative Environmental Management Part I: Government as Follower 2. Citizen-Initiated Collaboration:The Applegate Partnership 3. Nonprofit Facilitation:The Darby Partnership Part II: Government as Encourager 4. Encouragement through Carrots and Sticks : Habitat Conservation Planning and the Endangered Species Act 5. Encouragement through Grants: Ohio s Farmland Preservation Task Forces Part III: Government as Leader 6. Science-Based Collaborative Management: The Albemarle Pamlico Estuarine Study 7. Government-Led Community Collaboration: The Animas River Stakeholder Group Part IV: Reconsidering Governmental Roles 8. Government as Actor and as Institution 9. Envisioning the Roles of Government Methodological Appendix Notes References Index
Health literacy : a prescription to end confusion

To maintain their own health and the health of their families and communities, consumers rely heavily on the health information that is available to them. This information is at the core of the partnerships that patients and their families forge with today? s complex modern health systems. This information may be provided in a variety of forms ? ranging from a discussion between a patient and a health care provider to a health promotion advertisement, a consent form, or one of many other forms of health communication common in our society. Yet millions of Americans cannot understand or act upon this information. To address this problem, the field of health literacy brings together research and practice from diverse fields including education, health services, and social and cultural sciences, and the many organizations whose actions can improve or impede health literacy. Health Literacy: Prescription to End Confusion examines the body of knowledge that applies to the field of health literacy, and recommends actions to promote a health literate society. By examining the extent of limited health literacy and the ways to improve it, we can improve the health of individuals and populations.
Raccomandazioni sull'Impiego Clinico dei Peptidi Natriuretici Cardiaci: Linee Guida

1. Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR, Pisa 2. I.S. M.E. T.T. , Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e per le Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione Palermo 3. Unità di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Fondazione Sacco, Forlì 4. Dipartimento di Ricerca Cardiovascolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano. 5. Dipartimento di Emergenza e Accettazione, Policlinico S.Orsola Malpighi, Bologna 6. Cattedra di Biochimica Clinica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Polo di Vialba, Università degli Studi di Milano 7. Centro Scompenso, U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale Civile, San Donà di Piave 8. Servizio Medicina di Laboratorio-Azienda Ospedaliera, Università degli Studi, Padova 9. Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Università degli Studi di Sassari 10. Dipartimento Cardio-toracico, Università degli Studi di Pisa 11. Cattedra di Cardiologia, II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Roma 12. Unità Scompenso, U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Roma 13. Ospedale San Giovanni, Unità’ Operativa di Cardiologia, Roma 14. Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone 15. Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche 1, Azienda Ospedaliera "Spedali Civili", Brescia 16. Clinica di Medicina Interna, Centro Ipertensione e Malattie Cardiovascolari, Laboratorio di Medicina Molecolare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona DOCUMENTI
Raccomandazioni per la gestione delle esposizioni occupazionali a virus dell'epatite B e C negli operatori sanitari

Riassunto In una strategia di riduzione del rischio di infezione occupazionale da virus a trasmissione ematica, un ruolo centrale assume la vaccinazione anti-epatite B degli operatori, che dovrebbe essere effettuata all’inizio del percorso formativo o all’atto dell’assunzione, e verificata entro due mesi dal termine. Vengono presi in esame i casi di ipoe non-responsività alla vaccinazione, e il problema della presenza di anti-HBc isolato. La gestione post-esposizione dipende dallo stato sierologico del paziente fonte e dalle informazioni sulla storia vaccinale e sulla risposta anticorpale dell’esposto. La gestione delle esposizioni a virus dell’epatite C, per le quali non esiste a tutt’oggi possibilità di profilassi attiva o passiva, dipende dall’indicazione o meno al trattamento precoce dell’infezione da HCV (cioè durante l’infezione acuta sintomatica o durante i primi sei mesi di infezione).
Gender Patterns in Labor Allocation to Avocado Production: Evidence from Kenya

Farmers face gender differentiated unique social and economic circumstances which may in part determine their time allocation behavior. Using primary survey data from Murang’a County, Kenya, this study employs the double hurdle and Tobit models to investigate gendered patterns of labor allocation in avocado production under contract and non-contract scenarios, non-farm activities as well as the intensity of time use. Results show that while avocado commercialization through contract farming has to some extent altered traditional gender roles in farming, there is still limited participation of women in avocado marketing under contract farming. Hence, interventions aimed at enhancing smallholder avocado production should incorporate mechanisms that will enable women participate at all levels of the avocado value chain.
How to Use Bitcoin to Play Internet Poker

Back and Bentov (arXiv 2014) and Andrychowicz et al. (Security and Privacy 2014) introduced techniques to perform secure multiparty computations on Bitcoin. Among other things, these works constructed lottery protocols that ensure that any party that aborts after learning the outcome pays a monetary penalty to all other parties. Following this, Andrychowicz et al. (Bitcoin Workshop 2014) and concurrently Bentov and Kumaresan (Crypto 2014) extended the solution to arbitrary secure function evaluation while guaranteeing fairness in the following sense: any party that aborts after learning the output pays a monetary penalty to all parties that did not learn the output. Andrychowicz et al. (Bitcoin Workshop 2014) also suggested extending to scenarios where parties receive a payoff according to the output of a secure function evaluation, and outlined a 2-party protocol for the same that in addition satisfies the notion of fairness described above. In this work, we formalize, generalize, and construct multiparty protocols for the primitive suggested by Andrychowicz et al. We call this primitive secure cash distribution with penalties. Our formulation of secure cash distribution with penalties poses it as a multistage reactive functionality (i.e., more general than secure function evaluation) that provides a way to securely implement smart contracts in a decentralized setting, and consequently suffices to capture a wide variety of stateful computations involving data and/or money, such as decentralized auctions, markets, and games such as poker, etc. Our protocol realizing secure cash distribution with penalties works in a hybrid model where parties have access to a claim-or-refund transaction functionality F CR which can be efficiently realized in (a variant of) Bitcoin, and is otherwise independent of the Bitcoin ecosystem. We emphasize that our protocol is dropout-tolerant in the sense that any party that drops out during the protocol is forced to pay a monetary penalty to all other parties. Our formalization and construction generalize both secure computation with penalties of Bentov and Kumaresan (Crypto 2014), and secure lottery with penalties of Andrychowicz et al. (Security and Privacy 2014).
The constuction of professionalism in vocational education and training in Ireland: A mixed methods study of trainers' roles and professional development in the workplace

This mixed-methods study aimed to develop understanding of professionalism in the Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector in Ireland through exploring the nature of practice and practitioners, and how practitioners conceptualise and construct professionalism and develop as professionals in the VET workplace. This was done using a conceptual framework incorporating workplace learning theories to provide a fresh way to consider how VET trainers are prepared for professional practice (i.e. Lave and Wenger, 1991; Fuller and Unwin, 2004) It emerged from the study that trainers perceived their role primarily in terms of preparing learners for the labour-market. Novice trainers were rapidly immersed in their new roles and the workplace context experienced by them appeared to have inadvertently encouraged them to hold onto former occupational identities, in many cases prioritising subject-matter expertise over pedagogic knowledge. It also emerged that the trainers’ ourney from newcomer to competent or expert practitioner was dependent n the learning environment they experienced and that their progress was nfluenced by ‘expansive’ and ‘restrictive’ characteristics (Fuller and nwin, 2004). As the study progressed it emerged that Fuller and Unwin’s heory became much more significant than was originally envisaged when developing the conceptual framework. Professionalism was predominantly constructed by many trainers as ‘structure’ with a focus on the achievement of targets and outcomes (Gleeson and Knights, 2006). The study concluded that there is a challenge for VET providers to make workplace learning more visible and to enable it to take place in a more expansive environment. A new model of professionalism is proposed which integrates formal and informal professional learning in the workplace. This study contributes to the research by: generating a profile of current VET trainers which outlines their qualifications and experience and the nature of their work; developing an understanding of practitioners’ perception of the nature of their practice, competence and professionalism and their experience of entry to and professional development in the VET sector; and, providing a model of the dominant construct of professionalism emerging from the practitioners who participated in the study and suggesting an alternative model of professionalism for VET.
Low back pain : a scientific and clinical overview

This is a convenient review of current scientific and clinical knowledge on low back pain. Be up to date on the epidemiologic, clinical and basic science issues of lumbar radiculopathy, idiopathic low back pain and degenerative stenosis. Expert answers are provided to the practical, clinical questions patients ask regarding these conditions.