Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain.

STUDY DESIGN The literature on psychological factors in neck and back pain was systematically searched and reviewed. OBJECTIVES To summarize current knowledge concerning the role of psychological variables in the etiology and development of neck and back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Recent conceptions of spinal pain, especially chronic back pain, have highlighted the role of psychological factors. Numerous studies subsequently have examined the effects of various psychological factors in neck and back pain. There is a need to review this material to ascertain what conclusions may be drawn. METHODS Medical and psychological databases and cross-referencing were used to locate 913 potentially relevant articles. A table of 37 studies was constructed, consisting only of studies with prospective designs to ensure quality. Each study was reviewed for the population studied, the psychological predictor variables, and the outcome. RESULTS The available literature indicated a clear link between psychological variables and neck and back pain. The prospective studies indicated that psychological variables were related to the onset of pain, and to acute, subacute, and chronic pain. Stress, distress, or anxiety as well as mood and emotions, cognitive functioning, and pain behavior all were found to be significant factors. Personality factors produced mixed results. Although the level of evidence was low, abuse also was found to be a potentially significant factor. CONCLUSIONS Psychological factors play a significant role not only in chronic pain, but also in the etiology of acute pain, particularly in the transition to chronic problems. Specific types of psychological variables emerge and may be important in distinct developmental time frames, also implying that assessment and intervention need to reflect these variables. Still, psychological factors account for only a portion of the variance, thereby highlighting the multidimensional view. Because the methodologic quality of the studies varied considerably, future research should focus on improving quality and addressing new questions such as the mechanism, the developmental time factor, and the relevance that these risk factors have for intervention.
Intelligent System for Data Tracking in Image Editing Company

The success of data transaction in a company largely depends on the intelligence system used in its database and application system. The complex and heterogeneous data in the log file make it more difficult for users to manage data effectively. Therefore, this paper creates an application system that can manage data from the log file. A sample was collected from an image editing company in Cambodia by interviewing five customers and seven operators, who worked on the data files for 300 images. This paper found two results: first, the agent script was used for retrieving data from the log file, classifying data, and inserting data into a database; and second, the web interface was used for the viewing of results by the users. The intelligence capabilities of our application, together with a friendly web-based and window-based experience, allow the users to easily acquire, manage, and access the data in an image editing company.
Overview of the BAK-free travoprost/timolol BAK-free fixed combination

Introduction: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally, representing a significant public health concern. More than 60 million people are affected by glaucoma worldwide; as this population ages, the number is expected to increase. Glaucoma is a collection of heterogeneous diseases sharing common clinical characteristics. The goal of treatment is to prevent significant visual dysfunction through reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). Areas covered: This is a review of the current literature about combination therapeutic regimens for the reduction of IOP, focusing on the risk : benefit profile of a fixed-combination therapy using travoprost and timolol. Expert opinion: Since the debut of prostaglandin analogues in the 1990s, only modest innovation has occurred in glaucoma pharmacology. A growing body of research has established that the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK) might not be the benign contributor expected of excipient ingredients. Thus, BAK-free treatments were developed, with the goal of IOP reduction without furthering ocular surface disease symptoms. The BAK-free travoprost/timolol combination represents an important addition to glaucoma medication options and may fill an unmet need in this therapeutic arena.
Age‐Related Changes in Human Blood Dendritic Cell Subpopulations

It is well known that the human immune system is functionally less mature at birth and, within the first years of life, undergoes a process of sequential development. Two subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) were identified in the blood: plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs. DCs stain negative for CD3, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD20 and CD56, and positive for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR. In addition, plasmacytoid DCs strongly express CD123 while myeloid DCs express CD11. The number of the two different subsets was measured by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood from 44 healthy infants and children, aged 8 months to 18 years. While the number of CD11c+ myeloid cells (mean 11 cells/µl) did not change with age, the proportion of CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from about 20 cells/µl to 8 cells/µl with age. In addition, we found a direct correlation between the number of plasmacytoid DC and interferon (IFN)‐α production. As the two subsets of DC preferentially recognize different pathogens, age‐related changes may have an impact on the maturation of the immune response.
Economic Cycles and the Responsiveness of Natural Gas Demand in China's Residential Sector

The current 13th Five-Year Plan endorses the use of natural gas to achieve a cleaner energy mix. The objective of this research is to examine household natural gas demand and provide insights to natural gas exporters. Research on natural gas demand and cycles in China is valuable, because small changes in China’s demand (and hence import requirements) can have significant impacts on the global market. Five-Year cycles can trigger longer cyclical swings. In 1996, the 8th National People’s Congress passed a long-term plan to bolster heavy industry, resulting in an increase in urbanization and infrastructure development, and contributing to increased natural gas consumption. I apply an unobserved components model (UCM) to deal with data limitations and non-stationary relationship between variables, account for technological progress and periodically-changing administered prices, and allow for stochastic cycles to capture the effects of Five-Year Plans and economic cycle fluctuations. The estimated economic cycle captures the surge in economic growth in the early 2000s and the slowdown in economic growth and aggregate consumption due to decreased investment since 2013. Price changes, income growth, and increased infrastructure development (as manifested in the cyclical effect) contributed to the rise in demand. Natural gas is a normal good that is price-sensitive and approximately unit income-elastic. It is the preferred choice when accessible, and demand is still evolving and less likely to increase solely due to increased affordability. These results are robust to different variations that include allowing the stochastic level to capture the cycles and using a longer simulated price variable. Hence, in addition to income growth and natural gas price reform, environmental regulations to suppress coal consumption and government policies to foster natural gas accessibility by expanding infrastructure investment and development are vital to achieving a cleaner energy mix.
非小细胞肺癌PI3Kp110β高表达的临床意义及机制

背景与目的 磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, PI3K）通路是细胞内最重要的信号传导通路之一，参与细胞生长、增殖、分化、运动等多项重要功能，其异常活化见于50%-70%的非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）。 PI3K蛋白作为PI3K通路的枢纽，表达水平的变化直接影响通路的功能状态，与NSCLC的发生、发展和靶向治疗密切相关。 本研究旨在探讨PI3K催化亚基p110β在NSCLC中的表达、临床意义及作用机制。 方法 采用免疫组化法检测170例NSCLC中p110β和PI3K通路其他蛋白的表达，分析p110β的表达与患者临床病理特征的关系，与PI3K通路其他蛋白表达的关系。 结果 p110β在NSCLC的高表达率为41. 8%。 其表达水平与Ki67计数呈正相关（P=0.040），在腺癌和鳞状细胞癌间、不同性别、年龄、吸烟状况分组间以及不同T分期、N分期、TNM分期和病理学分级间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 p110β的高表达与EGFR突变呈负相关（P=0.022），与PTEN表达缺失呈正相关（P＜0.001），与ROS1、野生型EGFR、HER2、ALK和p-Akt（Ser473）的表达均无明显关系（P＞0.05）。 结论 p110β高表达在NSCLC是一频发事件；与PTEN缺失密切相关，是PTEN缺失肿瘤生存和进展的关键；可导致肿瘤增殖指数升高，但却与磷酸化Akt无关。 PIK3CB突变不是p110β高表达的主要原因；各类受体酪氨酸激酶（receptor tyrosine kinases, RTKs）异常均未显示导致癌组织p110β表达增高的能力，而且，EGFR突变者p110β的表达反而低于EGFR野生型。
Factors influencing left ventricular mass regression in patients with primary aldosteronism post adrenalectomy

Background. Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a type of secondary hypertension with prominent left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) is the most common subtype that can be cured by adrenalectomy. Objective. To investigate left ventricular structural change after surgery and the factors associated with the degree of LVH regression in patients with PA. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis in the Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) database, including demography, biochemical data, echocardiography and medication. Results. From July 1994 to January 2007, 20 patients (8 men) with APA receiving adrenalectomy and having pre- and postoperative echocardiography were selected. After 21 ± 19 months post operation, the left ventricular wall thickness and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) decreased significantly. The decrease of LVMI is significant only in patients who had LVH before operation. In analysis of factors associated with net LVMI decrease (ΔLVMI; post-operative LVMI - pre-operative LVMI), only pre-operative LVMI (r = -.783, p < .001), and ΔSBP (r = .472, p = .036) significantly correlated with ΔLVMI. In conclusion, LVH in PA could be significantly reversed by adrenalectomy. Pre-operative LVMI and ΔSBP were associated with the degree of LVMI decrease. Conclusion. LVH in PA could be significantly reversed by adrenalectomy. Pre-operative LVMI and ΔSBP were associated with the degree of LVMI decrease.
Postcode Lottery or Systematic Differences in Norwegian Elder Care Provision

The Nordic welfare states are considered to be universalistic, and to provide generous benefits and services. It is however possible to question whether using aggregate national expenditure data is an appropriate analytical strategy to study social care services dispersion. National equality presupposes centralized schemes executed through national agencies. In the Nordic countries, the municipalities calibrate and provide care services. This article first explores the extent of municipal variation in elder care service provision between Norwegian municipalities. It then asks whether considerations regarding national equality or local autonomy can explain these differences. National equality is operationalized as the state system of monetary transfers to the municipalities, a variable that is exogenous to the municipalities. Local autonomy is operationalized as local party politics. The data are municipal registry data from Statistics Norway. From a regression analysis of data from 2014, the main finding is that the state transfer system is the main variable explaining the current municipal variation in elder care services in Norway. The conclusion is that policies at the national level matter more than local politics when explaining the current differences in service provision between municipalities.
Exchange Rate Movements and Tradable Goods Prices in East Asia: An Analysis Based on Japanese Customs Data, 1988-98

The paper uses a dynamic panel data model to estimate the pass-through coefficients of 20 nine-digit industrial commodities that are traded between Japan and its East Asian trading partners to investigate the response of tradable goods prices to exchange rate movements. By using the monthly series of unit export and import values obtained from the Japanese customs data for the period 1988-98, it shows that price pass-through is much larger for exports from Japan than for imports to Japan.
Colorimetric method for determining MICs of antimicrobial agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimicrobial agents is described. The method utilizes an oxidation-reduction dye, Alamar blue, as an indicator of growth. By this method, MICs of isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, and ethambutol were determined for 50 strains of M. tuberculosis. Colorimetric MIC results were available on the 7th, 10th, or 14th day of incubation for 29 (58%), 14 (28%), and 7 (14%) of the 50 strains, respectively. When MIC susceptibility results were compared with results obtained by the agar proportion method, increased levels of resistance detected by agar proportion were associated with higher MICs obtained by the colorimetric method. Tentative interpretive criteria for colorimetric MIC results which showed good agreement with results obtained by the agar proportion method were established. Interpretive agreement between the two methods was 98% for isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol and 94% for streptomycin. Overall, there was agreement between the two methods for 194 of 200 test results (97%). The colorimetric method is a rapid, quantitative, nonradiometric method for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of M. tuberculosis.
Climate change would lead to a sharp acceleration of Central African forests dynamics by the end of the century

Impacts of climate change on the future dynamics of Central African forests are still largely unknown, despite the acuteness of the expected climate changes and the extent of these forests. The high diversity of species and the potentially equivalent diversity of responses to climate modifications are major difficulties encountered when using predictive models to evaluate these impacts. In this study, we applied a mixture of inhomogeneous matrix models to a long-term experimental site located in M’Baïki forests, in the Central African Republic. This model allows the clustering of tree species into processes-based groups while simultaneously selecting explanatory climate and stand variables at the group-level. Using downscaled outputs of 10 general circulation models (Gcm), we projected the future forest dynamics up to the end of the century, under constant climate and Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. Through comparative analyses across Gcm versions, we identified tree species meta-groups, which are more adapted than ecological guilds to describe the diversity of tree species dynamics and their responses to climate change. Projections under constant climate were consistent with a forest ageing phenomenon, with a slowdown in tree growth and a reduction of the relative abundance of short-lived pioneers. Projections under climate change showed a general increase in growth, mortality and recruitment. This acceleration in forest dynamics led to a strong natural thinning effect, with different magnitudes across species. These differences caused a compositional shift in favour of long-lived pioneers, at the detriment of shade-bearers. Consistent with other field studies and projections, our results show the importance of elucidating the diversity of tree species responses when considering the general sensitivity of Central African forests dynamics to climate change.
Methods of evaluating long-term financial effects of energy efficiency projects

Financial analysis of investments aimed at energy efficiency improvement differs from the standard investment analysis. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of methodological approaches to evaluation of energy efficiency projects’ financial effects. Its contribution lies in providing conceptual framework for the analysis of energy efficiency methodology, as well as in comprehensive literature review. The findings show that the methods used for evaluation of financial effects of energy efficiency projects are determined by the three main categories: scope, timing, and approach.
QT Dispersion Increases with Aging

Background: Age‐related changes in cardiovascular system are well‐known. Arrhythmias in elderly patients constitute most of the urgencies, consultations, or hospitalizations. QT dispersion (QTd) is a simple noninvasive arrhythmogenic marker to demonstrate the electrical instability of the heart. The aim of this study was to investigate how QTd changes with increasing age by calculating the QTd in the elderly and younger subjects.
Identification of a Promiscuous T-Cell Epitope in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mce Proteins

ABSTRACT The characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens inducing CD4+ T-cell responses could critically contribute to the development of subunit vaccines for M. tuberculosis. Here we performed computational analysis by using T-cell epitope prediction software (known as TEPITOPE) to predict promiscuous HLA-DR ligands in the products of the mce genes of M. tuberculosis. The analysis of the proliferative responses of CD4+ T cells from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to selected peptides displaying promiscuous binding to HLA-DR in vitro led us to the identification of a peptide that induced proliferation of CD4+ cells from 50% of the tested subjects. This study demonstrates that a systematic computational approach can be used to identify T-cell epitopes in proteins expressed by an intracellular pathogen.
Quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis.

Previous studies of the cytokine profile of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been primarily limited to the assessment of the levels of these mediators in synovial fluid (SF) or synovial tissues (ST) by biologic or immunologic assays. We have studied cytokine gene expression in RA by in situ hybridization of SF cells, enzymatically dispersed ST cells, and frozen sections of ST. RA ST cells (n = 7) were studied and a high percentage of cells hybridized to the following anti-sense probes: IL-6 = 19 +/- 3.3%; IL-1 beta = 9.9 +/- 1.7%; TNF-alpha = 5.8 +/- 1.4%; granulocyte-macrophage-CSF = 2.2 +/- 0.8%; transforming growth factor-beta 1 = 1.3 +/- 0.2% (p less than 0.05 for each compared to sense probes). Similar results were found using osteoarthritis ST cells, although the percentage of cells expressing the IL-6 gene (7.1 +/- 2.5%) was significantly less in osteoarthritis compared to RA. RA ST cells did not significantly bind the IFN-gamma probe (0.2 +/- 0.1% positive), although they were capable of expressing the IFN-gamma gene if stimulated with PHA. The OKM1+ population of ST cells (i.e., macrophage lineage cells) was greatly enriched for IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, whereas the OKM1- population (lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and type B synoviocytes) was enriched for IL-6. The vast majority of cells expressing the IL-6 gene were non-T cells. Furthermore, hybridization to RA ST frozen sections localized IL-6 mRNA to the synovial lining layer, which is comprised of type A and type B synoviocytes. In contrast to the high level of cytokine gene expression observed in ST, SF cells did not hybridize significantly to any of the cytokine probes. If stimulated with LPS or PHA, SF cells expressed IL-1 beta or IFN-gamma genes, respectively.
Axon‐collateral activation by dorsal spinocerebellar tract fibres of group I relay cells of nucleus Z in the cat medulla oblongata.

1. The problem whether the group I hind limb cerebral tract and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) have common spinal axons has been investigated in the present study. 2. Thirty‐two cells located in the nucleus Z of the cat medulla oblongata and activated by spinal fibres in the dorsolateral fascicle were selected for the study. 3. Extracellular recording from these neurones demonstrated that most of them were monosynaptically linked to spinal fibres excited by ipsilateral hind limb group I muscle afferents. The cells exhibited a restricted spatial convergence and had a limited excitatory convergence from group II muscle and from skin afferents. 4. Antidromic activation from the contralateral thalamus showed that they were bulbothalamic relay cells. 5. Cerebellar surface or depth stimulation activated 88% of the twenty‐six cells tested at a short latency. With a collision technique it was demonstrated that twelve out of twenty‐three (52%) of these group I relay neurones were activated by axon‐collaterals of the DSCT. 6. 43% of the cells activated from the cerebellum, but not proven to be linked to the DSCT, could, nevertheless, have been excited by DSCT axon‐collaterals, if it is assumed that different fibres converging with excitation on the group I relay cells were activated in the collision test.
Activation of the Chicken Anemia Virus Apoptin Protein by Chk1/2 Phosphorylation Is Required for Apoptotic Activity and Efficient Viral Replication

ABSTRACT Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus that carries 3 genes, the most studied of which is the gene encoding VP3, also known as apoptin. This protein has been demonstrated to specifically kill transformed cells while leaving normal cells unharmed in a manner that is independent of p53 status. Although the mechanistic basis for this differential activity is unclear, it is evident that the subcellular localization of the protein is important for the difference. In normal cells, apoptin exists in filamentous networks in the cytoplasm, whereas in transformed cells, apoptin is present in the nucleus and appears as distinct foci. We have previously demonstrated that DNA damage signaling through the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway induces the translocation of apoptin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it induces apoptosis. We found that apoptin contains four checkpoint kinase consensus sites and that mutation of either threonine 56 or 61 to alanine restricts apoptin to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, treatment of tumor cells expressing apoptin with inhibitors of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and Chk2 causes apoptin to localize to the cytoplasm. Importantly, silencing of Chk2 rescues cancer cells from the cytotoxic effects of apoptin. Finally, treatment of virus-producing cells with Chk inhibitor protects them from virus-mediated toxicity and reduces the titer of progeny virus. Taken together, our results indicate that apoptin is a sensor of DNA damage signaling through the ATM-Chk2 pathway, which induces it to migrate to the nucleus during viral replication. IMPORTANCE The chicken anemia virus (CAV) protein apoptin is known to induce tumor cell-specific death when expressed. Therefore, understanding its regulation and mechanism of action could provide new insights into tumor cell biology. We have determined that checkpoint kinase 1 and 2 signaling is important for apoptin regulation and is a likely feature of both tumor cells and host cells producing virus progeny. Inhibition of checkpoint signaling prevents apoptin toxicity in tumor cells and attenuates CAV replication, suggesting it may be a future target for antiviral therapy.