Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forest Drought Response Index (ForDRI): A New Combined Model to Monitor Forest Drought in the Eastern United States

Monitoring drought impacts in forest ecosystems is a complex process because forest ecosystems are composed of different species with heterogeneous structural compositions. Even though forest drought status is a key control on the carbon cycle, very few indices exist to monitor and predict forest drought stress. The Forest Drought Indicator (ForDRI) is a new monitoring tool developed by the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) to identify forest drought stress. ForDRI integrates 12 types of data, including satellite, climate, evaporative demand, ground water, and soil moisture, into a single hybrid index to estimate tree stress. The model uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the contribution of each input variable based on its covariance in the historical records (2003–2017). A 15-year time series of 780 ForDRI maps at a weekly interval were produced. The ForDRI values at a 12.5km spatial resolution were compared with normalized weekly Bowen ratio data, a biophysically based indicator of stress, from nine AmeriFlux sites. There were strong and significant correlations between Bowen ratio data and ForDRI at sites that had experienced intense drought. In addition, tree ring annual increment data at eight sites in four eastern U.S. national parks were compared with ForDRI values at the corresponding sites. The correlation between ForDRI and tree ring increments at the selected eight sites during the summer season ranged between 0.46 and 0.75. Generally, the correlation between the ForDRI and normalized Bowen ratio or tree ring increment are reasonably good and indicate the usefulness of the ForDRI model for estimating drought stress and providing decision support on forest drought management.
Changes in blood flow to the umbilicus, placentomes, and uterus in Surti buffaloes during complete gestation

With an objective to record the vascularity changes in the umbilicus, placentomes dimensions, and blood flow to the uterus, Surti buffaloes (n=42) were inseminated during natural estrus during the breeding season and scanned by transrectal B mode and color flow mode ultrasonography every 3-4 days till Day 90 of gestation and then at 15 days interval for the complete gestation in the buffaloes that were pregnant (n=24). The umbilical cord color Doppler wavefronts could first be obtained on Day 46 and became increasingly distinct thereafter. The placentomes could first be identified at Day 76 of gestation. The placentome diameters increased from Day 76 till 8th month with significant increases (P
Studies of Fruit Development in Relation to Plant Hormones: III. Auxins in Relation to Fruit Morphogenesis and Fruit Drop in The Black Currant Ribes Nigrum

Ether extracts were made of samples of black currant berries (var. Seabrook’s Black) collected at weekly intervals from 18 days prior to fertilization until maturity. The extracts were shown to contain two acid auxins (a1 and a2), one neutral auxin (a3), and one acid growth inhibitor (l1), which could be separated by paper chromatography and assayed in biological tests. The changes in concentration of the three auxins throughout the season were studied in relation to seed and fruit development, fruit growth and fruit drop (“ running off ” and pre-harvest drop). It is suggested that the auxins are produced as by-products of either protein synthesis or hydrolysis taking place in different tissues and organs in a pre-determined order during the growth of the fruit. The rate of fruit growth showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of auxins I and 3, whereas fruit drop was negatively correlated with the concentration of auxin 2.
Fire burners to firefighters: the Nez Perce and fire.

and people live with fire today. Accordingly, this case study was undertaken to document current, and to the extent possible, historical burning practices on the Nez Perce Reservation located in Northern Idaho and the reasons for these practices. In addition to filling a void in the research literature, we believe such research can promote (1) more socially and ecologically sound land management by marrying traditional tribal fire knowledge with modern land-management techniques and (2) a cross-fertilization of trial and nontribal knowledge, ideas, and techniques concerning fire and its use to facilitate more collaborative fire and land management.
Formin 2 regulates the stabilization of filopodial tip adhesions in growth cones and affects neuronal outgrowth and pathfinding in vivo

Growth cone filopodia are actin-based mechanosensory structures that are essential for chemoreception and the generation of contractile forces necessary for directional motility. However, little is known about the influence of filopodial actin structures on substrate adhesion and filopodial contractility. Formin 2 (Fmn2) localizes along filopodial actin bundles and its depletion does not affect filopodia initiation or elongation. However, Fmn2 activity is required for filopodial tip adhesion maturation and the ability of filopodia to generate traction forces. Dysregulation of filopodia in Fmn2-depleted neurons leads to compromised growth cone motility. Additionally, in mouse fibroblasts, Fmn2 regulates ventral stress fiber assembly and affects the stability of focal adhesions. In the developing chick spinal cord, Fmn2 activity is required cell-autonomously for the outgrowth and pathfinding of spinal commissural neurons. Our results reveal an unanticipated function for Fmn2 in neural development. Fmn2 regulates structurally diverse bundled actin structures, parallel filopodial bundles in growth cones and anti-parallel stress fibers in fibroblasts, in turn modulating the stability of substrate adhesions. We propose Fmn2 as a mediator of actin bundle integrity, enabling efficient force transmission to the adhesion sites.
Effect of different fire severities on coppicing of caatinga vegetation in Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil

The sprouting response of the vegetation in three areas that were slashed and burned under different fire severities was determined in a 12 year second growth tropical dry forest ("caatinga") near Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil. Plots were slashed at the onset of the dry season (July) and burned on 19 September (B), 26 September (C) or 4 October (D). Sprouting responses were also examined in unburned areas. Longer drying periods resulted in increasing fire severity and increasing consumption of the original biomass (; 74 Mg/ha): 72, 87, and 93 percent biomass consumption, respectively. Prior to burning, plant density with a stem diameter - 1 cm at the soil surface was 5815 plants/ha. Greater than 94 percent coppiced after slashing, usually with epicormic sprouts, indicating their adaptation to periodical disturbance. Burning dramatically decreased the number of plants that coppiced. Two months following each burning 43, 21, and 10 percent of the plants had coppiced in the three burns, respectively. The majority of sprouts following fire arose from underground tissues. Coppicing crown area decreased from 1451 m2/ha in the slashed/unburn treatment to 350, 248, and 165 m2/ha in the three fires. The six species with highest plant densities, Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg. (2631/ha); Cordia leucocephala Moric. (1264/ha); Bauhinia cheilanta Stand. (819/ ha); Mimosa sp. (474/ha); Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (308/ha) and Astroneum urundeuva Engl (140/ha) displayed a variable response to increasing fire severity. Mimosa sp. coppicing was little affected (49-43% survival) and its relative abundance increased with increasing fire severity, from 8 percent to dominance with 36 percent. C. sonderianus density decreased with increasing fire severity (946 to 174/ha) but it maintained a high relative abundance in all treatments (31-45%). B. cheilanta had the highest survival rate at low fire severity (78%) but it decreased sharply with increasing severity (down to 9%). Survival of the other species decreased from 30-50 percent to approximately 10 percent. Coppicing of Mimosa sp. was much more vigorous than that of any other species, with the highest number of sprouts per stump, crown area, and sprout height. The level of fire severity of the slash burning will influence future species composition of caatinga vegetation.
Commutative Ring Theory

Preface Introduction Conventions and terminology 1. Commutative rings and modules 2. prime ideals 3. Properties of extension rings 4. Valuation rings 5. Dimension theory 6. Regular sequences 7. Regular rings 8. Flatness revisited 9. Derivations 10. I-smoothness 11. Applications of complete local rings Appendices References Index.
Does Training Have Impact On Employee’s Job Performance In Commercial Bank?

Preparing and advancement have become the most noteworthy factor in unique serious Industries. Information, relational aptitude, hierarchical aptitudes, and capacities can be improved with the assistance of preparing and advancement which likewise help to build the individual, authoritative, and group execution. Most extreme association results can be accomplished by present day innovation by the prepared worker's hierarchical goals can be accomplished as well as be fulfilled. Associations that put more in preparing and improvement can get successful results than those which don't utilize this training. The focal point of the investigation presents a survey of writing on significant Importance of preparing and worker efficiency. Workers are happy to be a lot of supreme, nonstop learning and refreshing of the aptitudes, information, and capacities because of the authoritative social elements. Along these lines, for associations to accomplish wanted results from their speculation, there is an unequivocal need to productively perform preparing and improvement exercises. Each significant resource of any association under unique rivalry is its HR.
A framework for selecting and designing policies to reduce marine plastic pollution in developing countries

The polluting of marine ecosystems with plastics is both a global and a local problem with potentially severe consequences for wildlife, economic activity, and human health. It is a problem that originates in countries’ inability to adequately manage the growing flow of waste. We use an impact pathway framework to trace the flow of plastics through the socio-ecological system and identify the role of specific policy instruments in achieving behavioral changes to reduce marine plastic waste. We produce a toolbox for finding a policy that is suitable for different countries. We use the impact pathway and toolbox to make country-specific recommendations that reflect the reality in each of the selected countries.
DTC based on SVM for induction motor sensorless drive with fuzzy sliding mode speed controller

By using the direct torque control (DTC), robust response in ac drives can be produced. Ripples of currents, torque and flux are oberved in steady state. space vector modulation (SVM) applied in DTC and used for a sensorless induction motor (IM) with fuzzy sliding mode speed controller (FSMSC) is studied in this paper. This control can minimize the torque, flux, current and speed pulsations in steady state. To estimate the rotor speed and stator flux the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is used that is designed from identified voltages and currents. The FSMSC is used to enhance the efficiency and the robustness of the presented system. The DTC transient advantage are maintained, while better quality steady-state performance is produced in sensorless implementation for a wide speed range. The drive system performances have been checked by using Matlab Simultaion, and successful results have been obtained. It is deduced that the proposed control system produces better results than the classical DTC.
The Role of Behavioral Study in Cricket Classification

IT IS no longer difficult to secure general agreement among biologists that the best classification of living organisms will eventually take into account a wide range of attributes, functional as well as structural. There is even rather general verbal agreement that taxonomists should make special efforts to accumulate a variety of different kinds of evidence, although it is not always broadly evident in the taxonomic literature that such an attitude has actually become a matter of practice. The prime questions now are not whether to use behavior and physiology and ecology, but when and how to use them. In terms of animal groups and stages of classification, when are these kinds of information superfluous to classification, when are they merely useful adjuncts, and when is it inadvisable (or inexcusable) to proceed without them? These are not trivial questions. For one thing, we cannot assume that merely having before us a wide range of characteristics insures that historical relationships will fall inexorably into place without critical and knowledgable evaluation of the significance of each kind of information in each specific context. And for another, the taxonomist's day is only 24 hours long, and the field is not over-populated; if he is going to find it necessary to go out and gather information on any large scale, then we ought to have some rather sound basis for presuming to suggest how he should go about it. I have certain rather strong biases concerning these questions, which have developed principally as a result of an admittedly brief and specialized taxonomic experience with three families of insects: Gryllidae (crickets), Tettigoniidae (katydids and long-horned grasshoppers), and Cicadidae (cicadas). I will content myself here with describing a few of these biases, attempting to account for them, and drawing what seem to be appropriate conclusions or generalizations. Crickets will be the principal source of illustration, and behavior will be the principal topic; but I will include other insect groups and other kinds of information when appropriate. I have the feeling that most of my generalizations suffer a significant loss of flavor-for one reason or another-when they are applied to the higher vertebrates. So when I speak generally, my principal interest is the classification of the Arthropoda, where vast problems remain, and where as a result, important information for zoogeography, evolution, and many specific aspects of zoology remains almost completely unavailable. As an example, just the four families of "acoustical" insects-Gryllidae, Tettigoniidae, Acrididae, and Cicadidae-include nearly as many species and world-wide groups as do all the vertebrates combined. Because of the state of their taxonomy, we have very few ideas as to how their various sub-groups came to be where they are-in a sense, we do not know where they are because we do not know what they are. All too often, we are merely shuffling names.
Recurrent and Hodgkin’s lymphoma-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease in head and neck region

Background: Castleman’s disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. It can involve single (unicentric CD) or multiple (multicentric CD) lymph nodal regions. It occurs predominantly in mediastinum, and treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies. Methods: Here, we describe two cases of CD which presented with stridor. The first case was a 38-year-old male, a recurrent multicentric CD in retropharyngeal and cervical lymph nodal regions, treated with radiotherapy and rituximab. The second case was a 25-year-old male, a multicentric CD in lower cervical lymph nodal region, treated with steroids and radiotherapy. He subsequently developed Hodgkin’s lymphoma and was treated for the same with chemotherapy and involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT). Results: Post-treatment, both the patients were asymptomatic and progression-free at 15 months and 42 months follow-up, respectively. Conclusions: Combined modality of treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or monoclonal antibodies offers good local control in multicentric CD.
QoS-aware Traffic Offloading in 4G/WiFi Multi-RAT Heterogeneous Networks: Opnet-based Simulations and Real Prototyping Implementation

—Multiple radio access technologies (Multi-RAT) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are considered as one of the recent fundamental ideas in next generation mobile networks. Multi-RAT HetNets aim to increase the network capacity needed to meet the high data demand of mobile users. In Multi-RAT Het-Nets, data ﬂow can be ofﬂoaded to unlicensed bands (e.g., WiFi) to free some of the resources of the 4G licensed band (e.g. LTE or WiMAX). However, it needs to be guaranteed that the WiFi can provide the needed Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose multiple QoS-aware 4G/WiFi ofﬂoading schemes that try to maximize the utilization of the WiFi air interface, taking into consideration the network loading conditions and maintaining the required QoS. The proposed ofﬂoading schemes are evaluated in two 4G/WiFi Multi-RAT testbeds. The ﬁrst testbed is based on the Opnet network simulator, while the second testbed is based on a real small-cell prototype. The performance evaluation of these ofﬂoading schemes is shown in a time-cost tradeoff graph.
Examining the Supply Chain Integration Impact on Economy by Regression Model

Abstract — In this study, we examine the current state of supply chain integration, estimate the economic impact of inadequate integration, and identify opportunities for governmental organizations to provide critical standards infrastructures that will improve the efficiency of supply chain communications. The development of methods to reduce the impact of multicollinearity in the construction of a linear regression model is an urgent task of applied econometrics. The article proposes a method for reducing multicollinearity in the construction of a linear regression model for evaluating the supply chain impact on economy. In the case of non-stationary multidimensional time series, it is assumed that all variables have a polynomial trend. Each predictor x j (t) is decomposed into a trend and a remainder u j (t), and then a regression y(t) is constructed for time t and the remainder u j (t). In this case, the regression coefficients for u j (t) are equal to the regression coefficients for x j (t), but they are estimated using less correlated regressors SCM. The article gives a quantitative assessment of the increase in the accuracy of the forecast of the considered model in comparison with other models. In the case of spatial variables, the proposed approach is that some X j regressors SCM correlated with others are replaced by the sum of two summands. One of them is the predicted value of X j obtained from the regression equation X j on the predictor correlated with it; the other is the remainder of this regression U j . As a result, we get a new set of regressors SCM that are much less correlated with each other. The new regressors - the remnants of U j - are susceptible to meaningful interpretation. However, the new regression equation changes the regression coefficients only for variables that act as dependent variables in auxiliary regressions. The application of the proposed method is illustrated by examples through the supply chain process. Calculations are performed in the R software environment.
DIRECTIONAL DIGITAL FILTERS FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

In this paper we have analyzed fingerprint images using directional digital filters. The filters have a double wedge-shaped pass band, hence the name fan filters. Using these filters, a method is developed for determining the ridge orientation for the purpose of comparing two fingerprints. The obtained results confirm the applicability of fan filters in biometric applications.
AN UNUSUAL ANIMAL‐PLANT INTERACTION: FEEDING OF SCHOMBURGKIA TIBICINIS (ORCHIDACEAE) BY ANTS

The hollow pseudobulbs of Schomburgkia tibicinis (Orchidaceae; Central America) serve as domatia for many species of ants. The ants pack many of the pseudobulbs with debris including dead insects, plant material, and sand. Ants were fed {sup 14}C-labelled D-glucose in honey, killed, and placed in the pseudobulbs for up to eight weeks. Samples of plant tissue were harvested and tested for radioactivity after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The labelled material had moved into various parts of the plant and demonstrated direct nutrient uptake.
Assessment of metabolic parameters of dairy buffaloes from an organized dairy farm during different phases of lactation

Present investigation was carried out to assess the haemato-biochemical profile of healthy Murrah buffaloes (n=30) in different phases of lactation viz. (I) early lactation (II) mid lactation (III) dry animals (n=10 in each group) maintained at organized dairy farm under the standard nutritional and managemental practices. Haemato-biochemical alterations showed decreased glucose levels in group-III, lowest levels in group-I and highest levels in group-II. The levels of ketone bodies were significantly (p<0.05) increased in early and mid-lactation animals. Significantly (p<0.05) decreased levels of serum calcium were recorded in animals during early lactation. Animals during early and mid-lactation showed decreased levels of serum triglycerides. Higher cholesterol levels were recorded in animals during midlactation than early lactation but levels again decreased in late pregnant animals. Significantly (p<0.05) lower values of haemoglobin in group-II were recorded. Significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of blood urea levels were recorded in group-I and II, than the other groups. Serum creatinine levels were significantly increased in group III. Significantly (p<0.05) higher activity of serum enzymes were recorded during mid-lactation. These findings may be helpful in clinical diagnosis of metabolic disorders as well as to formulate the strategy for their prevention in dairy herds.
Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries

The development of adolescents’ social life is marked by the increase of peers’ influence in their lives. Most of their time is spent to have a relation or to have asocialization with their peers; when their peers behave well, the teenagers will also behave well and in contrast, if their peers behave bad, the teenagers will also behave bad. This research aims to examine the influence of peers’ conformity and sensation seeking towards smoking behavior. In addition, this research uses quantitative approach with ex-post facto research type. The sample of this research simple random sampling technique with the total of sample is 381 students. The results of this research are: 1) peers’ conformity and sensation seeking are two factors that collectively can influence the students’ smoking behavior significantly; 2) the contribution given by peers’ conformity and sensation seeking towards students’ smoking behavior is 62,2% and the remaining 37,8% is influenced by other factors besides peers’ conformity and sensation seeking.
Privacy-Preserving Production Process Parameter Exchange

Nowadays, collaborations between industrial companies always go hand in hand with trust issues, i.e., exchanging valuable production data entails the risk of improper use of potentially sensitive information. Therefore, companies hesitate to offer their production data, e.g., process parameters that would allow other companies to establish new production lines faster, against a quid pro quo. Nevertheless, the expected benefits of industrial collaboration, data exchanges, and the utilization of external knowledge are significant. In this paper, we introduce our Bloom filter-based Parameter Exchange (BPE), which enables companies to exchange process parameters privacy-preservingly. We demonstrate the applicability of our platform based on two distinct real-world use cases: injection molding and machine tools. We show that BPE is both scalable and deployable for different needs to foster industrial collaborations. Thereby, we reward data-providing companies with payments while preserving their valuable data and reducing the risks of data leakage.