Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Families Sanctions and Case Closings for Noncompliance : Who Is Affected and Why

W hen the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) was enacted, public attention focused on its time-limit provisions. PRWORA established a five-year lifetime limit on the use of federal funds to provide a family with welfare benefits. It also allowed states to set even shorter time limits, and 20 did so. But relatively few families have as yet reached their limits. Far more families, it turns out, have had their Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) benefits reduced or cut off because the welfare office determined that they were not following the rules of the program. And these families, our study suggests, tend to be more disadvantaged and vulnerable than families that leave welfare for other reasons. The withholding of all of a family’s TANF benefits because they have not complied with the rules can take two forms. The first is to close the case. A common example is closing a case because a recipient failed to meet with her caseworker periodically to determine continuing eligibility for benefits. We will call this type of penalty a “procedural case closing. ” (In contrast, non-procedural reasons for closing a case would include stopping benefits because a recipient found a highpaying job or because she married a man with a stable income.) The second form is known as a “full-family sanction,” in which Summary Seventeen percent of a sample of current and recent welfare recipients in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio reported that their benefits had been reduced or stopped because the welfare office said they weren’t following the rules. These penalties resulted from both partial and full-family sanctions as well as from case closings for procedural reasons. Recipients reported that the most common reasons were missing an appointment or failing to file required paperwork. Only 12 percent of the penalties were imposed for failing to take a job or to show up for a job-related activity. Individuals whose benefits were reduced or stopped were more disadvantaged than other recipients in many respects, such as education, health, financial difficulties, housing quality, and neighborhood quality. Former recipients who reported leaving the welfare rolls because of sanctions or case closings had substantially lower employment rates and earnings than did those who left for other reasons. These findings suggest that agencies and organizations may wish to give more attention to families at imminent risk of sanctions or case closings to help them come into compliance. They also suggest that families who leave welfare due to noncompliance may need more assistance in finding and retaining employment. by Andrew Cherlin, Linda Burton, Judith Francis, Jane Henrici, Laura Lein, James Quane, and Karen Bogen
A MORTAR EDGE ELEMENT METHOD WITH NEARLY OPTIMAL CONVERGENCE FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAXWELL

In this paper, we are concerned with mortar edge element methods for solving three-dimensional Maxwell’s equations. A new type of Lagrange multiplier space is introduced to impose the weak continuity of the tangential components of the edge element solutions across the interfaces between neighboring subdomains. The mortar edge element method is shown to have nearly optimal convergence under some natural regularity assumptions when nested triangulations are assumed on the interfaces. A generalized edge element interpolation is introduced which plays a crucial role in establishing the nearly optimal convergence. The theoretically predicted convergence is confirmed by numerical experiments.
Optical Injection Locking in Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode

In this work we study a Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode (QD-LED) subject to optical injection which induces instability in slave system. Frequency detuning, bias current and the optical injection ratio were studied. Results indicate chaotic behavior via time series, attractor and bifurcation diagram. Phase-locking state is observed when both the master and slave systems work at the same frequency ∆ω = 0. We also show two cases, damping with disappearance and increasing the output signal capacity by increasing the optical injection ratio. Injection-locking and stability states were also observed.
CONCENTRATION-VARIABLE INTERACTIONS BE1WEEN CAIANOID COPEPODS AND PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT FOOD gUALITY:

The two major issues of research in feeding behavior of calanoid copepods and. indeed. in all research on zooplankton fecding have been concentrationvariable selection and food quality (Vanderploeg in press). The concentrationvariable selectivity hypotheses in its earliest fonn stated that cope pods would track peaks in natural particle-size spectra. that is. focus their e/Torts on the most abundant food (Vanderploeg 1981a: Vanderploeg et aI. 1984). The counter hypothesis is that seleCtivity. when expressed as W' or other appropriate measures. remains Invariant no matter what the relative proportJons or total concentration of the various food types (Vanderploeg and Scavia 1979a.b; Vanderploeg 1981a: Vanderploeg et aI. 1984). The direct observations of Strickler and colleagues (e.g . Alcaraz et aI. 1980; Koehl and Strickler 1981; Strickler 1982; Paffenhlifer et aI. 1982). using the newly developed technique of high-speed microCInematography. showed that certain calanoid copepods can create a double-shear scanning current that focuses water near their bodies. and that they respond with coordinated movements of their mouthpans to capture large algae they detect in this current. At this time. olfaction was described as the stimulus (Andrews 1983). and this is still the accepted paradigm. although mechanoreception has been also hypothesized (LeglerVisser et aI. 1986). Invariant selectivity became Identified with the passive-mechanical selection of filtering Since this was one obviouS means of obtaining invariant selection (Vanderploeg 1981 a; Vanderploeg et aI. 1984). At the same time. a number of studies showed that copepods preferentJallyingest algae over plastic mlcrospheres and algal-exudate-f1avored
Impacto de los Métodos Aplicados para la Determinación de la Permeabilidad y su Influencia en el Gerenciamiento del Reservorio en el Campo Shushufindi

Permeabilidad es una de las principales propiedades en la caracterizacion de yacimientos, asi como para la estimacion de la productividad de un pozo. Existen diversos metodos para su determinacion durante diferentes etapas de desarrollo de un campo. Todos estos metodos difieren en algunos aspectos como el tipo de permeabilidad que determinan ya sea absoluta o efectiva, radio de investigacion, tecnologia utilizada, fundamentos teoricos y desventajas encontradas durante la adquisicion y estimacion de esta propiedad. En este trabajo se determino las distribuciones de permeabilidad y se comparo entre los metodos nucleos-registros electricos, registros electricos-probadores de formacion y pruebas de presion-analisis transiente de produccion. A partir de estas comparaciones, se identificaron las diferencias en los valores de permeabilidad asi como las diferencias en las escalas de medicion. Una vez establecido los valores de permeabilidad a partir de cada metodo, se realizo un analisis e interpretacion determinando una productividad teorica de cada uno de ellos, y comparandola con datos de produccion real se establecio el mejor metodo para la estimacion de esta propiedad para el campo Shushufindi.
Un impensé de la sémiotique : la variation (diachronique, sociale, expérientielle)

Abstract The paper starts from the premise that the epistemological requirements of the semiotic discipline have led it to overlook the variation (geographical, chronological, social) of the subjects it deals with. After reviewing the historical and methodological reasons for this setting aside, this paper outlines a general theory of semiotic variation. For this, it distinguishes two families of variation – the variation of practices and the variation of attitudes – and three axes of variation: the spatial axis, the time axis and the social axis. It also highlights the two types of forces that govern the variation: centripetal forces and centrifugal forces. The paper concludes with the epistemological impact that the concern about variation may have on semiotics and disciplines that, such as sociology and anthropology, have made variation their subject.
Mott–Wannier excitons in the tetragonal BaTiO3 lattice

Structural and electronic properties of excitons in the tetragonal BaTiO3 crystal is studied using a quantum chemical method developed for crystals. The obtained defect structure corresponds to the so-called Mott–Wannier-type exciton having a considerable distance between the hole and electronic parts of the defect. Performed crystalline lattice relaxation shows displacements of atoms in an extensive defective region of up to 12 atoms. However, the calculated magnitudes of atomic movements are not large, normally not exceeding 0.08 A. It is also observed that the self-trapped exciton polarizes the lattice around it. Using the so-called ΔSCF method, the luminescence energy due to the exciton is found to be equal to 0.94 eV. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Use of space by the Neotropical caviomorph rodent Thrichomys apereoides (Rodentia: Echimyidae)

The objective of this study was to investigate some parameters of the space use by individuals in a population of the hystricognath rodent Thrichomys apereoides (Lund, 1839), using the spool-and-line tracking technique. This technique is useful for investigating characteristics of habitat use by individuals since it allows the mapping of the places where the individuals move. We evaluated three parameters of space use by 34 individuals of T. apereoides: 1) The daily home range (DHR) or the area used by individuals in their daily activities, 2) the distance moved on the leaf litter, and 3) the distance moved above ground using twigs, logs and rocks. The analysis of space use on such a small scale allows a better understanding of how individuals perceive and use the available space. The significant effect of age on DHR and the effect of the sex on the movements above ground were observed. Adult males had larger DHRs than adult females and subadults, and adult females showed the lowest displacement above ground. A statistically significant effect of the sex and seasonal period and the interaction between them was also observed on the size of DHRs of adults. During the dry season, females had lower DHRs than males and both females and males moved less on leaf litter in this season. There was no seasonal effect on the movement of males and females above ground, as well as no significant effect of age and sex on the movement of the individuals on leaf litter. We found that individuals responded differently to some aspects of the habitat structure and concluded that the pattern of movement is influenced by the sex and the age of the individuals and may vary according to ecological conditions.
Assessment of Alaska Rain-on-Snow Events Using Dynamical Downscaling

The ice formed by cold-season rainfall or rain on snow (ROS) has striking impacts on the economy and ecology of Alaska. An understanding of the atmospheric drivers of ROS events is required to better predict them and plan for environmental change. The spatially/temporally sparse network of stations in Alaska makes studying such events challenging, and gridded reanalysis or remote sensing products are necessary to fill the gaps. Recently developed dynamically downscaled climate data provide a new suite of high-resolution variables for investigating historical and projected ROS events across all of Alaska from 1979 to 2100. The dynamically downscaled reanalysis data of ERA-Interim replicated the seasonal patterns of ROS events but tended to produce more rain events than in station observations. However, dynamical downscaling reduced the bias toward more rain events in the coarse reanalysis. ROS occurred most frequently over southwestern and southern coastal regions. Extreme events with the heaviest rainfall generally coincided with anomalous high pressure centered to the south/southeast of the locations receiving the event and warm-air advection from the resulting southwesterly wind flow. ROS events were projected to increase in frequency overall and for extremes across most of the region but were expected to decline over southwestern/southern Alaska. Increases in frequency were projected as a result of more frequent winter rainfall, but the number of ROS events may ultimately decline in some areas as a result of temperatures rising above the freezing threshold. These projected changes in ROS can significantly affect wildlife, vegetation, and human activities across the Alaska landscape.
RAB 18 promotes proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma

RAB18, a member of the Ras family, has been suggested to play a critical role in multiple biological process. However, its functions in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. In the present study, the expression and biological role of RAB18 in HCC were investigated. Results showed that the expression level of RAB18 was significantly increased in HCC tissue specimens and HCC cell lines. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high RAB18 expression was correlated with poor overall survival compared to those with low RAB18 expression. These results were further confirmed by analyses in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Specific knockdown of RAB18 expression inhibited proliferation and clone formation of HCC in vitro. Western blot analyses showed that CCND1 was suppressed, and p21 and p27 were substantially upregulated in RAB18 knockdown HCC cells. Furthermore, we also observed that knockdown of RAB18 expression suppressed the migration and invasion of HCC cells and reversed expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Interestingly, the primary and xenograft tumor mouse models showed that RAB18 knockdown significantly reduced in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. These results revealed that RAB18 was correlated with poor clinical outcomes and facilitated HCC progression via promotion of HCC cell proliferation and metastasis. These findings suggest that RAB18 may be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
Local knowledge of the using tribe farmers in environmental conservation in Kemiren Village, Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Article history Received: 7 October 2019 Revised: 14 March 2020 Accepted: 29 March 2020 Using Farmers (Banyuwangi ethnic community) in Kemiren Village uses their ancestral knowledge in utilizing natural resources and the environment so that its sustainability is maintained. This study aims to identify the local knowledge of Using farmers in Kemiren Village, Banyuwangi Indonesia which plays a role in preserving their natural resources and environment. The study uses a qualitative approach and the data collection using documentation, interview, and field observation techniques. Data analysis uses methods crossreferenced and repeated information. Local knowledge of Using farmers that used to manage the environment is in the form of values (togetherness, obedience, consensus, fairness and caring), norms (prohibitions/taboo and suggestions in utilizing natural resources), belief (providing labuhan/offerings and selamatan/ritual), and practices in utilizing natural resources. The primary key that plays a role in environmental preservation is a harmonious relationship among farmers.
Palaeomagnetic results and new dates of sedimentary deposits from Klasies River Cave 1, South Africa

Palaeomagnetic data from Klasies River main site Cave 1 (Eastern Cape Province, South Africa) are reported. Natural remanent magnetisation directions obtained from 77 oriented samples were determined by progressive alternating field demagnetisation methodology. Three palaeomagnetic samplings from the Witness Baulk from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) Late Pleistocene White Sand member and the Holocene Later Stone Age (LSA) middens in Cave 1 were dated and analysed to obtain the palaeomagnetic directions recorded in the sediments. Here we provide new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates for the White Sand Member, and new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates for the LSA midden of areas not previously dated. The palaeomagnetic analysis took into account rock magnetism and directional analysis. The former reveals that the main magnetic carrier was magnetite; the latter shows that characteristic remanent magnetisation of normal and anomalous directions was observed in the lower portion of the White Sand Member and LSA midden. Normal directions correspond to the palaeosecular variation record for South Africa during the Late Pleistocene. On the other hand, the anomalous directions recorded in the LSA midden might represent the likely Sterno-Etrussia geomagnetic field excursion which occurred during the Late Holocene and is observed in other places on the planet. Finally, the directional data obtained are a potential tool for discussing the age of deposits corresponding to those periods.
New insights on growth, feeding, and social interactions in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Growth data reported here have been obtained in a work aiming to analyze the determinism of differential growth between male and female of #Oreochromis niloticus#. Growth indices such as white muscle RNA/Protein and uptake of 14C-glycine by scales have been implemented and tested as predictors of short term individuel growth rate. A method of scale labelling based on the incorporation of Sr supplied by the diet during early stages has also been tested. Growth has been characterized through morphology analysis and muscle development. At early stages, growth of tilapia resulted in height growth associated with an important hyperplasic growth capacity of muscle. Structure of muscle at microscopic level and muscle contractile proteins composition seemed to be original in tilapia as compared to other teleost. Voluntary feeding behaviours have been characterized. Feeding activity was observed only during the light period and peak of activity were observed related either to a disappearance of social hierarchy (morning) or to a compensatory feeding activity after daily social interactions (evening). The effects of increasing feeding rate have been tested in different experimental facilities to obtain differential growth at short term scale (15 d) and long term scale (from first feeding to sexuel dimorphism). High feeding rate (above ad libitum) resulted in reduce growth individual variation. (Resume d'auteur)
For What Technology Can't Fix: Building a Model of Organizational Cybersecurity Culture

Organizational cybersecurity requires more than just the latest technology. To secure an organization, all members of the organization must act to reduce risk. Leaders have a special responsibility to understand, shape and align the beliefs, values, and attitudes of the entire organization with overall security goals. Managers need practical solutions for dealing with the human side of cybersecurity. The model presented in this paper describes organizational cybersecurity culture, the factors that contribute to its creation, and how it can be measured. A case study of a “culture of data protection” created by leaders at financial services firm Liberty Mutual illustrates these factors to help managers understand and apply recommendations to create a more mature cyber security culture in their organization.
DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM EXTRACTS OF BAEL (AEGLE MARMELOS) PLANT PARTS AND THEIR COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the bioactive compounds from the extracts of wildly growing Aegle marmelos plant parts. Methods: A. marmelos root, stem, leaves, bark, fruit peel, and pulp were screened for the presence/absence of phytochemicals. Bioactive compounds in all the plant parts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. For evaluation of bioactive compounds first, the column chromatography was done using various solvents and found that the methanolic extracts gave better elution and separation of compounds and hence used further for GC/MS analysis. Result: GC/MS analysis revealed chromatograms of methanol extract of A. marmelos plant parts, and all the plant parts were found to have a number of phytochemicals. Some compounds, namely, benzene, nitro-, benzenepropanoic acid, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, and tetradecene were found in all parts with a varying percentage. Phenol only found in the fruit of the plant with more percentage in fruit peel (4.38%) than in fruit pulp (0.58%). Dibutyl phthalate is the major compound found in Aegle root (10.43%), fruit peel (34.56%), and pulp (13.18%). Other important compounds such as coumarin (2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 7-[(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)oxy]-, (E)-), skimmianine (Furo[2,3-b] quinoline, 4,7,8-trimethoxy-), and cyclobarbital were found in plant root. Conclusion: After the GC/MS analysis, it was concluded that all the parts of this wildly growing plant contain a significant amount of pharmaceutically important compounds.
Freeze‐Casting of Surface‐Magnetized Iron(II,III) Oxide Particles in a Uniform Static Magnetic Field Generated by a Helmholtz Coil

Research is conducted into freeze‐casting of surface‐magnetized Fe3O4 particles under uniform, low‐strength magnetic fields (5.2 mT) to mimic the mechanical characteristics of natural human bone. Freeze‐casting is a technique that fabricates porous materials by directionally freezing and sublimating an aqueous slurry. A novel, Helmholtz coil‐based freeze‐caster is developed and it is shown that, during freeze‐casting, the use of this Helmholtz coil generates a more uniform magnetic field than permanent magnets. This uniform magnetic field, applied in the direction of ice growth, keeps particles from agglomerating and results in an increase of 55% in both the ultimate compressive strength and the elastic modulus of porous surface‐magnetized Fe3O4 scaffolds. These increases can be linked to a reduction in the porosity that occurs due to magnetic interactions between particles in the presence of the field. These results offer a novel method for the fabrication of bone‐inspired biomaterials and structural materials.
Nonparametric Instrumental Variables Identification and Estimation of Nonseparable Panel Models

This paper considers identification and estimation of ceteris paribus effects of continuous regressors in nonseparable panel models with instrumental variables. From the insight that the passing of time creates a triangular structure in which shocks realized in the future are excluded at present, a novel recursive control function is shown to control for persistence in the unobservables. The recursive control function achieves nonparametric identification for any number of time periods and endogenous regressors without restrictions on the joint dependence of unobservables over time or time homogeneity, but requires that the instruments satisfy a full support condition. Then, it is shown that a semiparametric version of the recursive control function identifies the model under semiparametric shape restrictions even if the instruments have small support. Semiparametric estimators based on quantile regression are introduced that do not suffer a curse of dimensionality and perform well in small samples. In a novel empirical application to the population of matched firms and workers in Norway, the ceteris paribus elasticities of firm production with respect to capital and labor are estimated without separability of productivity shocks from capital or labor. ∗PhD Candidate, Department of Economics, University of Chicago, bradley.setzler@gmail.com. I acknowledge the support of the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and the NIH National Institute on Aging Predoctoral Fellowship. I am grateful to Stéphane Bonhomme, Magne Mogstad, Azeem Shaikh, and Alex Torgovitsky for valuable input and guidance.