Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of Shiitake Stipe Steamed Bun

TsengY. -H. , � YangJ. -H. ,�LeeCh. -E. ,�MauJ. -L. �(2011):�Quality of shiitake stipe steamed bun . �CzechJ. � FoodSci. ,�29:�79-86. � Shiitake�(Lentinula edodes �(Berk.) �Pegler)�stipewasincorporatedintosteamedbun. �Qualityattributesincludingthe� specificvolume, �colourandsensoryevaluation, �andtastecomponentsinshiitakestipesteamedbunswereanalysed� andcomparedwiththoseofwhitesteamedbuns. �With �2%�and�5%�additionsofshiitakestipeflour, �specificvolumesof� steamedbunsincreasedby �5.8%�and�5.0%,�respectively. �Whitesteamedbunscontainedmorereducingsugar, �fat,�and� proteinwhereasfiberandsolublepolysaccharidecontentswerehigherinshiitakestipesteamedbuns. �Furthermore,� shiitakestipesteamedbunscontainedmoretotalsolublesugarsandtotalfreeaminoacids. �Shiitakestipesteamed� bunsshowedlowerlightnessandwhitenessindexvaluesandbecamebrownerwithmoreshiitakestipeflouradded. � Onaseven-pointhedonicscale,�allsensoryresultswere �4.07-5.80. �Overall, �shiitakestipecouldbeaddedintosteamed� bunformulatoprovideitsbeneficialhealtheffects. �
Isolation, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes)

To study the isolation, structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from the medicinal mushroom G.lucidum . In this study structural characterization of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was conducted by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was measured by 1,1–diphenyl–2–icryl-hydrazyl (DPPH-), Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (HO-), superoxide anion (O-) radical scavenging assay and Ferrous ion (Fe 2+ ) chelating assay. Scavenging effect of G. lucidum polysaccharides and ascorbic acid on the DPPH radical scavenging, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and Ferrous ion (Fe 2+ ) chelating radical scavenging-dependently increased and was 30.45% and 85.40%, 35.70% and 90.50%, 49.68% and 90.10%, 32.69% and 80.26% at the dose of 4 mg/ml respectively. The FT-IR spectra revealed the general characteristic absorbance peaks of the GLP. The SEM image demonstrated surface features of the GLP. This study suggests that the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides could potentially be used as natural antioxidants.
HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN SKIN

SUMMARY. A method has been established to estimate semiquantitatively the activity of HSD enzymes and is described in detail. In the main, the method depends on demonstrating NAD‐dependent hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by using nitro‐BT as a hydrogen acceptor leading to the deposition of blue diformazan particles. The latter are then counted in a sebaceous gland by means of a Wild M20 microscope with a drawing tube attachment. The method is limited in use as a semi‐quantitative comparison of enzyme activity in a few adjacent sections of a sebaceous gland.
Dietary lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with working memory in an older population

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the association between dietary lutein and zeaxanthin (L + Z) intake and immediate word recall (IWR) and delayed word recall (DWR), and to identify the major contributors to dietary L + Z intake in a recent and representative sample of the older US population. Design: In this cross-sectional analysis, multivariate path analytic models estimated the association between L + Z consumption and cognitive performance while adjusting for covariates. Setting: Observations were drawn from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel study of older US adults, and the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study, which assessed dietary intake via FFQ in a subsample of respondents. Participants: The analytic sample included 6390 respondents aged ≥50 years. Results: L + Z intake was 2·44 ± 2·32 mg/d on average, and L + Z intake differed significantly across quartiles (P < 0·001). For example, average L + Z intake in Q1 was 0·74 ± 0·23 mg/d and in Q4 was 5·46 ± 2·88 mg/d. In covariate adjusted models, older adults in the highest quartiles of L + Z intake had significantly greater IWR and DWR scores than those in the lowest quartile. Leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, dark yellow vegetables, fish and seafood, legumes, eggs and fruit were significant and meaningful predictors of dietary L + Z intake. Conclusion: A high consumption of vegetables, fish and seafood, legumes, eggs and fruit is associated with a higher intake of L + Z and greater word recall among older adults.
International Trade and Macro-Economic Policy in Eurasian Economies

International trade is defined the exchange of goods, services, and capital among various countries and regions. Also the potential of imports and exports account for an important part of growth. On the other hand, total value of international trade in goods and services shows the countries’ integration into the world economy. In this paper we focused on to analyze the effects on imports and make inferences for Eurasian Countries. In this paper we aim to examine the relationship between imports and macro-economic indicators in 6 Eurasian economies. To analyze the relationship, we used panel data regression analysis. Data obtained from World Bank. The panel data covers 1996-2012 periods and 6 countries which named Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. We predicted pooled, fixed effects and random effects panel data models using the Stata and analyzed them. The dependent variable is defined the imports in our model. It has been found that gross domestic savings, foreign direct investments and, and exports are statistically significant for this countries. The results found in this paper show that gross domestic savings has negative effects on imports. On the other hand, for this 6 countries foreign direct investments (inflow) and exports have positive effects on imports as we expected. It shows us the economic positions of Eurasian countries still depend on Russian Federation. Also, these findings have important policy implications for Eurasian Countries. Our interpretation of these findings is that, integration to world economy has generally positive effects on foreign direct investments for this countries.
Perceived Air Quality and Cognitive Performance Decrease at Moderately Raised Indoor Temperatures Even When Clothed for Comfort.

This study investigated whether adjusting clothing to remain in neutral thermal comfort at moderately elevated temperature is capable of avoiding negative effects on perceived acute subclinical health symptoms, comfort and cognitive performance. Two temperatures were examined: 23°C and 27°C. Twelve subjects were able to remain thermally comfortable at both temperatures by adjusting their clothing. They rated the physical environment, their comfort, the intensity of acute subclinical health symptoms and their mental load and they performed a number of cognitive tasks. Their physiological reactions were monitored. Their performance of several tasks was significantly worse at 27°C and they reported increased mental load at this temperature. Skin temperature and humidity and respiration rate were higher while blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pNN50 were lower at this temperature, the latter indicating increased stress. It is inferred that the observed physiological responses were mainly responsible for the negative effects on performance, as the subjects did not indicate any increased intensity of acute subclinical health symptoms although perceived air quality was worse at the higher temperature. The present results suggest that moderately elevated temperatures should be avoided even if thermal comfort can be achieved, as it may lead to reduced performance.
In vitro phagocytosis of liquid‐stored red blood cells requires serum and can be inhibited with fucoidan and dextran sulphate

Red‐blood‐cells (RBCs) undergo structural and metabolic changes with prolonged storage, which ultimately may decrease their survival after transfusion. Although the storage‐induced damage to RBCs has been rather well described biochemically, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the recognition and rapid clearance of the damaged cells by macrophages.
Plastin 1 drives metastasis of colorectal cancer through the IQGAP1/Rac1/ERK pathway

Tumor metastasis is the dominant cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and it often involves dysregulation of various cytoskeletal proteins. Plastin 1 (PLS1) is an actin‐bundling protein that has been implicated in the structure of intestinal epithelial microvilli; however, its role in CRC metastasis has not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that PLS1 is highly expressed in 33.3% (45/135) of CRC patients and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, PLS1 induced the migration and invasion of CRC cells and the metastases to the liver and lung in mice. Moreover, the expressions of key factors for CRC metastases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and 2, were enhanced by PLS1, which was dependent on phosphorylating ERK1/2 activated by IQGAP1/Rac1 signaling. The connection between these signals and PLS1 was further confirmed in CRC tissues of patients and the metastatic nodules from a mouse model. These findings suggest that PLS1 promotes CRC metastasis through the IQGAP1/Rac1/ERK pathway. Targeting PLS1 may provide a potential approach to inhibit the metastasis of CRC cells.
RAPD analysis of colchicine induced variation of the Dendrobium Serdang beauty

Variation was detected in Dendrobium Serdang Beauty V (DSB V) plantlets regenerated from protocorm like bodies (plbs) induced by various concentration levels of colchicines in the Murashige and Skoog media (MS) supplemented with 1.5 mg/L IBA. RAPD analysis detected 6 - 26% variation in the regenerants from the mother plant. The highest variation was obtained in regenerates treated with 25 mg/L colchicine, which also exhibited reduced regeneration rates from plbs and mean plantlet fresh weight. RAPD analysis also showed high polymorphism between the mutated regenerant DSB V, and 13 species of the Dendrobium genera, and 13 orchids across generas. However, despite the 26% colchicine induced variation in the regenerants, all RAPD analysis revealed that DSB V was closely related to the mother plant. Thus, the RAPD technique is favourable for variation detection as it was sensitive enough to detect variations at species level and among somaclonal variants in this study.
ANATOMICAL AND VISUAL OUTCOMES IN STAGE 5 RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY WITH MICROINCISION VITRECTOMY SURGERY.

PURPOSE To report anatomical and visual outcomes and potential prognostic factors with microincision vitrectomy surgery in Stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS The medical records of premature babies who underwent microincision vitrectomy surgery for Stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity using 23G, 25G, or 27G instrumentation and had a minimum follow-up of 6 weeks were, retrospectively, analyzed. Primary outcome measures were anatomical success at last follow-up defined as retinal attachment at the posterior pole and visual outcomes. Potential risk factors and complications influencing anatomical outcomes were also analyzed. RESULTS One hundred seventy eyes of 115 infants underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy with microincision vitrectomy surgery. After a mean follow-up of 30.59 ± 33.24 weeks, anatomical success was achieved in 56 eyes (33.7%) of 166 eyes that had a minimum follow-up of 6 weeks. Occurrence of vitreous hemorrhage was more with 23 gauge (62.27%) as compared to 25 gauge (37.73%) (P = 0.024). With increase in age with each week, the probability of achieving anatomical success was found to be significantly more (odds ratio 1.030; confidence interval = 1.010-1.060; P = 0.008). Presence of anterior segment pathology was associated with poor anatomical outcomes (odds ratio 2.480; confidence interval = 1.190-5.160; P = 0.010). Seventeen children with attached retina had a follow-up of 14 months-5 years, of which ambulatory vision was recorded in five eyes and the ability to identify objects close to face in 12 eyes. CONCLUSION Although surgery for Stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity is challenging, anatomical success can be seen in one-third of cases with microincision vitrectomy surgery. Visual prognosis may be limited but still beneficial.
Repeatability of Docility in Grasscutters (Thryonomy Swinderianus)

One of the problems of domesticating grasscutters was their aggressive behaviour towards humans. Docility is the ability of the animal to accept human presence. The objective of this study was to estimate the repeatability of docility in a population of grasscutters maintained at the grasscutter unit of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Delta State University, Asaba Campus. 5 families each of lower and larger grasscutters were used for the study. Each family consists of 1 male and 4 female. Only the female grasscutters were scored as the males were few. Docility was scored on a scale of 1 to 4 with 1 representing docile; 2: fright; 3: restless; 4: aggressive. Each grasscutter was scored once a week at 4-6months and 6-8months of age giving a total of 8 scores per animal per period. The average docility scores in the two breeds of grasscutters ranged from 2.54 to 2.80 indicating that most of the grasscutters handled were either fright or restless. Repeatability estimates of lower and larger grasscutters at 4-6 and 6-8 months were moderate to high and ranged from 0.20 to 0.61, thus implying that few records on the animal’s docility were enough to make selection decision. Keywords : Docility, larger grasscutters, lower grasscutters, repeatability, selection decision
Tropisetron improves pancreas function and increases insulin synthesis and secretion in the STZ‐induced diabetic rats: involvement of UCP2/ZnT8 pathway

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases. Tropisetron, as a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, has a considerable role in the inflammation and oxidative stress lowering. This study aimed to investigate the effect of this 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist on insulin secretion in male diabetic rats and the possible mechanisms.
Reappraisal of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoproliferation encompasses a broad range of clinicopathologic findings, including specific subtypes, for example, EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer. Here we reassessed 36 cases of primary EBV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (16 men and 20 women; median age, 69.5 y; range, 35 to 84 y), including 8 immunosuppressed patients (Lugano stage II-IV; median age, 74 y), 7 nonimmunosuppressed patients with stage I disease (median age, 69 y), and 21 nonimmunosuppressed patients with stage II-IV disease (median age, 69 y). All immunosuppressed patients exhibited iatrogenic immunodeficiency and an ulcerative appearance, with ulcer sites including the stomach (1 patient), small intestine (6 patients), and rectum (1 patient). Four patients were in the setting of treated lymphoma-associated immunosuppression. Immunosuppressed patients had higher incidences of intestinal involvement (P=0.001) and perforation (n=2) compared with advanced stage nonimmunosuppressed patients. Among nonimmunosuppressed stage I patients, lesions were restricted to the stomach, none showed multiple lesions or elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, and the overall survival curve plateaued, although it was not statistically significant (P=0.0581). One nonimmunosuppressed stage I patient with a polypoid lesion exhibited spontaneous regression within 2 months after diagnosis, while another with bulky disease pursued an aggressive clinical course. Nonimmunosuppressed stage I cases without bulky masses may be considered EBV mucocutaneous ulcer with local progression. Our results demonstrated that primary EBV+ gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma could be delineated into 3 groups based on immune status and clinical stage, revealing distinguishing features useful as a pragmatic guide for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Towards the selection of phosphorothioate aptamers

The high affinity of a given nucleic acid for a protein ligand can be used to isolate specific inhibitors of enzymes involved in pathological situations. The latter property is the basis of the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technique. Recently, several potent nucleic acids inhibitors of HIV-1 replication have been isolated using the SELEX approach. However, phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides (PO-ODNs) were not used as antiviral agents because of their sensitivity to nucleases. Our goal in this work was to explore the possibility of selecting, from a fully substituted phosphorothioate library, oligonucleotides having both a strong affinity for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and nuclease resistance. HIV-1 RT initiates in vivo reverse transcription from the 3′ end of a host tRNALys. Although phosphorothioate ODNs (PS-ODNs) have been claimed to bind unspecifically to proteins, we have shown previously that an ODN corresponding to the acceptor stem of tRNALys was able to inhibit specifically HIV-1 replication in HIV-1 infected cells, without showing cytotoxicity up to 10 µm. As the SELEX strategy requires ‘in vitro’ transcription and reverse transcription of the selected DNA, we have assayed the available PS precursors as a model system by using PS-dNTPs and rNTPs. We have also developed an experimental procedure to optimize the incorporation of four PS-dNTPs during the PCR step of the SELEX approach. In the course of this work, we have showed that the PS-dGTP is a strong inhibitor of thermostable DNA polymerases as well as of HIV-1 RT.
Promoting the coexistence of humans and Tancho in Japan.

: The non-migratory population of the Tancho or Japanese Crane, Grus japonensis , was on the brink of extinction in the late 19th century because of habitat loss and deterioration and over-hunting. Since the 1950s, however, the population has increased to over 1,300 due to supplemental feeding in winter. Unfortunately, about 70% of the wetlands in Hokkaido have been destroyed. Consequently, the density of breeding pairs in the remaining wetlands continues to increase, and cranes are now feeding closer to people during the spring and summer months and using small wetlands near humans as breeding sites. Ironically, this habituation to humans was promoted by the protection provided to cranes by local people, which caused the cranes to become more tolerant of human disturbance. Therefore, it is necessary for humans to develop new attitudes in order to promote the welfare of the cranes. For their safety, cranes must be conditioned to keep their distance from humans. In addition, existing wetlands throughout Hokkaido must be protected and, where possible, destroyed wetlands should be restored to provide breeding habitats for the expanding crane population. These goals can be achieved through the active commitment not only of a few specialists and administrators, but also of all local people and stakeholders, to furthering adaptive management procedures.
Inbreeding depression for production, reproduction and functional traits in Italian Holstein cattle

INTRODUCTION The majority of studies on inbreeding depression on performance of dairy cows is based essentially on research conducted on north American and Canadian cattle populations. For this reason it is important to determine the effects of inbreeding depression in other Holstein populations to compare them with the existing literature as well as to inform the breeders with results coming from the animals they are actually rearing. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of inbreeding on production, reproduction and some other functional traits included in the national selection index in the Italian Holstein.
Sickness absence and sickness presence in relation to office type: An observational study of employer-recorded and self-reported data from Sweden

Objectives Previous research suggesting that open-plan office environments are associated with higher rates of sickness absence rely on self-reports which can be affected by recall bias. This paper investigates the associations of sickness absence, obtained from employer records as well as self-reports, with office type (cell offices and different sizes of open-plan offices). It additionally studies whether office type is associated with sickness presence. Methods Employees from two private and one public sector organization were recruited to the study. Office type was ascertained by direct observation or from employee responses to an online survey. Control variables were gender, age, public/private sector and education level. Number of days and episodes of sickness absence were calculated from employer absence records and regressed on office type using negative binomial regression (n = 988). Self-reports of sickness absence and presence were regressed on office type using ordered logistic regression (n = 1237). Results Office type was generally not associated with employer records of number of episodes or days of sickness absence, except that the total number of days of leave was higher in flex offices compared to cell offices (IRR = 2.46, p = 0.007). In general, office type was not associated with self-reported days of sickness absence, apart from participants working in medium-sized open-plan offices who had 0.42 higher log-odds of absence than those working in cell offices (p = 0.004). Office type was not associated with self-reported sickness presence. Conclusions Office type was not associated with sickness presence nor, in general, with sickness absence, whether obtained from self-reports or company records. It is not possible to conclude from this study that open-plan offices are associated with greater sickness absence or sickness presence compared to cell offices.
Male age, germline mutations and the benefits of polyandry

The number of de novo mutations in the germline can be expected to increase with age in males, therefore females might decrease mutation load in their progeny by avoiding mating with older males. Here, I propose that female polyandry can be more effective in decreasing the risk of genetic disorders in progeny than pre-copulatory mate choice, particularly if sperm competitiveness declines more steeply with age than other traits affecting chances of males to mate. If faster ageing of spermatogenic tissue causes older males to transfer inadequate numbers of functional sperm, polyandry would also benefit females directly.
Short-and long-run effects of sustainable forest management practices on West Malaysian log supply : an ARDL Approach.

The Malaysian log supply is facing deficit since 1995; thereafter major timber products have moved from resource surplus to one of deficit. It seems obvious that without planted forest in the future, the timber industries have almost reached the limit for growth. The log supply model for West Malaysia is based on an equation of domestic log supply from natural and planted forests as a function of weighted price of log, annual logging area and royalty of logs. The results showed that the bounds test of log supply model was cointegrated at 10% significance. The short-run analysis revealed that log supply would increase as the price of logs increased. However, in the long run, it would lead to substantial reduction in the log supply. This is because when the price of logs increases, the log supply tends to decrease. It is believed that this is due to controlled production and the stringent harvesting regulation to achieve sustainable forest management. Furthermore, an increase in domestic price of logs would help to compensate for the lost volumes in the long run.