Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Short-term Climate Forecasts with Satellite Observations

Understanding and predicting seasonal-to-interannual climate variations is a central goal within U.S. climate research. At NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, we are developing a coupled model forecast system to optimize the use of existing and planned satellite data, together with in situ observations, for experimental predictions of short-term climate variations. Our focus is on using satellite data to initialize the ocean and land surface, the slower components of the climate system that have the potential memory to enhance climate prediction. The longer temporal scales of the ocean and land surface are the key sources of memory in the coupled climate system that promise skill in predicting short-term climate variability. The focus within the GMAO is on optimizing the use of satellite altimeter data and evaluating the impact of planned satellite observations such as surface salinity data from Aquarius. Predictability experiments and hindcast tests that use observed precipitation to precondition the soil moisture distribution have also been conducted. The results indicate that the key to summertime precipitation forecasts over transition zones between dry and humid areas in tropical and mid-latitude regions (such as the central U.S.) lies in the initialization of soil moisture (1). Given these results, the GMAO system also focuses on the initialization of the land surface model, with developments undertaken for assimilation of soil moisture estimates from AMSR-E. III. THE FORECAST SYSTEM
The Role of Routine Clinical Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Predicting Outcome of Colorectal Liver Metastasis

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the value of SUV-based metabolic parameters derived from pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT of colorectal liver metastases in predicting disease response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 70 colorectal patients with liver metastases who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT. SUVmean, SUVmax, TLG (total lesion glycolysis), metabolic tumor volume, and metabolic tumor diameter were the metabolic parameters derived from volume of interest analysis of the most FDG-avid liver lesion in each subject. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. Tumor response was assessed by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1 criteria at 12 weeks after treatment. Associations between tumor response, metabolic parameters, and clinical/laboratory parameters were examined by 1-way analysis of variance. The relationship of the metabolic parameters with PFS and OS was determined by Kaplan-Meier analyses and further confirmed with multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results SUVmean less than 4.48, SUVmax less than 6.59, TLG less than 75.2, metabolic tumor volume less than 4.49 cm3, and hemoglobin level greater than or equal to 11 g/dL were associated with longer PFS (P < 0.05). Prior surgery or radiofrequency ablation to the liver metastases was the only additional factor shown to be associated with longer OS. Conclusions SUV-based metabolic parameters derived from pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT can predict PFS in colorectal liver metastases.
Case series of maxillary sinus augmentation with biphasic calcium phosphate: a clinical and radiographic study

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate 3.5 years-cumulative survival rate of implants placed on augmented sinus using Osteon, a bone graft material, and to assess the height of the grafted material through radiographic evaluation. Methods Twenty patients were treated with maxillary sinus augmentation and 45 implant fixtures were installed simultaneously or after 6 months healing period. The height of the augmented sinus and the loss of marginal bone were measured by panoramic and intraoral radiographs immediately after augmentation and up to 42 months (mean, 19.4 months) subsequently. Changes in the height of the sinus graft material were calculated radiographically. Results The cumulative survival rate was 95.56% in all 45 implants. Additionally, normal healing process without any complication was observed in all patients. The original sinus height was mean 4.3 mm and the augmented sinus height was mean 13.4 mm after the surgery. The mean marginal bone loss till 42 months was 0.52±0.56 mm. The reduced height of Osteon was 0.83±0.38 mm and it did not show significant correlation with the follow up periods (P=0.102). There were no statistically significant differences in reduced height of Osteon according to the simultaneous/delayed implantation (P=0.299) and particle size of Osteon (P=0.644). Conclusions It can be suggested that Osteon may have predictable result when it was used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation.
Pose Estimation of Objects Using a Graph Based Approach

This thesis deals with the 3D pose estimation problem for rigid objects. Pose estimation means approximation of the six degrees of freedom of the pose of an object in consideration, i.e. the three rotation angles and the three translation components. Pose is always defined relative to a base frame. For example, we have a model object in its own reference frame. The goal of the pose estimation problem would be to find the best transformation T which aligns the model object to the object perceived in a scene (in a scene reference frame). In this work, we assume that objects are isolated and segmented from a scene recording. The main contribution of the work is the Graph Based Pose Estimation Algorithm (GBPE). GBPE is a novel, robust and embarrassingly parallel pose estimation algorithm. The core of the algorithm is to use surface graphs to estimate poses. The method aims at the minimization of wrong correspondence matching by segmenting both point clouds into small geometrically aligned patches and then finding similarities only between relevant segmented areas. The algorithm starts by segmenting both point clouds into small geometrically aligned patches using the Difference of Normal and Region Growing Based Segmentation. The next step is to draw surface graphs of segmented patches. This is followed by calculating features on every node of both graphs and classifying edges as convex or concave is the next step of the algorithm. Finally, the algorithm finds subgraphs and applies the Graph Based Iterative Closest Point Algorithm (GICP) to the remaining subgraphs. The best subgraph is the one which has the least mean squared error. We find that GBPE works quite well even when the objects have no color. We show quantitatively that our simple graph based pose estimation approach is able to compete with more complex state of the art methods; these methods use sophisticated mathematical approaches to compute poses. Furthermore, we observe that our algorithm is highly parallelizable. Feature matching and applying GICP are the two easily parallelizable steps of the algorithm.
The 12‐year prognosis of hand dermatosis in 896 Finnish farmers

In all, 896 Finnish farmers (305 men and 587 women), representing 77% of those reporting hand or forearm dermatosis in a questionnaire survey in 1979, were asked again about their dermatosis and current work in 1991. More than 50% of the study population had left farming since 1979. In 1991, 26% of men and 21% of women had a current dermatosis on the hands or forearms, and altogether, 44% of men and 39% of women reported a hand dermatosis within the past 12 months. Significant determinants of persistent hand dermatosis, in a logistic regression model, were continuation of farm work, history of skin atopy, symptoms of metal allergy, and age under 45 years. Handling cattle, e.g., milking, was considered an exacerbating factor of the dermatosis by 37% of those who had milked sometimes in their lives. In this group, 75% of hand dermatoses in those who had finished milking work had healed. The results indicate that giving up or changing work improves the prognosis of hand dermatosis in farming.
In Vivo Growth of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice Is Positively Regulated by VEGF and Associated with Significant Up-regulation of CD 31 / PECAM 1 ( mantle cell lymphoma / angiogenesis / CD 31 / VEGF )

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoma subtype with dismal prognosis. New treatments are needed to improve outcome of relapsed/refractory disease. Recently, several drugs targeting at least partially the process of angiogenesis have been successfully tested in the therapy of MCL. Molecular mechanisms that regulate MCL-induced angiogenesis and that might represent potential new druggable targets remain, however, incompletely understood. We established two mouse models of human MCL by subcutaneous xenotransplantation of JEKO-1 and HBL-2 cell lines into immunodeficient mice. Histological analyses of xenografts confirmed their neovascularization. The growth of xenografts was significantly suppressed by single-agent therapy with bevacizumab, monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). SubReceived October 20, 2012. Accepted October 22, 2012. This work was supported by grants from the grant Agency of Charles University in Prague GAUK 259211/110709 and UNCE 204021, PRVOUK P24/LF1/3. Corresponding author: Jan Molinsky, Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Phone: (+420) 224 965 864; Fax: (+420) 224 965 916; e-mail: jan.molinsky@seznam.cz Abbreviations: ANG – angiogenin, B-NHL – B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, bFGF – basic fibroblast growth factor, DAB – diaminobenzidine, EPHB2 – ephrine B2, HGF – hepatocyte growth factor, IMDM – Iscove’s modified Dulbecco’s medium, MCL – mantle cell lymphoma, MDK – midkine, PBS – phosphate-buffered saline, PGF – placental growth factor, VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor. sequent ly, we analysed expression of 94 angiogenesis-related genes in ex vivo isolated JEKO-1 and HBL-2 cells compared to in vitro growing cells using TaqMan low-density arrays. The most up-regulated genes in both JEKO-1 and HBL-2 xenografts were genes encoding platelet/endothelial cell-adhesion molecule (CD31/PECAM1), VEGF receptor 1 (FLT1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), angiogenin (ANG) and transcription factor PROX1. The most downregulated genes in both JEKO-1 and HBL-2 xenografts were midkine (MDK) and ephrine B2 (EPHB2). In summary, our results demonstrate an important role of angiogenesis in the biology of MCL and provide preclinical evidence of potent anti-MCL activity of bevacizumab. In addition, gene expression profiling of 94 angiogenesis-related targets revealed several in vivo up-regulated and down-regulated transcripts. The most differentially expressed target in both MCL tumours was CD31/PECAM1. Whether any of these molecules might represent a potential druggable target in MCL patients remains to be elucidated.
Yellow-pigmented pathogenic mycobacteria from cervical lymphadenitis.

Among 14 strains of yellow-pigmented acid- and alcohol-fast rods isolated from human pathological materials, 10 strains from tuberculoid lesions of cervical or facial lymphadenitis in children merit particular interest. They were compared with some of the mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and with Nocardia. On the basis of morphology, staining properties, cultural characteristics, pathogenicity, and allergic reactions in laboratory animals, they have been placed in the genus Mycobacterium. However, the degree and quality of their differences from other named species of the genus as observed under the present experimental conditions, and the fact of their isolation in pure culture from closed lesions, has led to the proposal that they be given the name Mycobacterium scrofulaceum n. sp.
Minireview: Multiplicity of Progesterone's Actions and Receptors in the Mammalian Ovary1

Abstract This minireview summarizes the role that progesterone (P4) plays in regulating granulosa and luteal cell function. These actions include the stimulation of P4 synthesis and the inhibition of estrogen synthesis, mitosis, and apoptosis. P4 also plays a key role in the ovulatory process. Although P4′s actions are well documented, the mechanism or mechanisms that mediate all of these actions have not been defined. In addition to P4-induced gene transcription that is mediated by the nuclear P4 receptors (PGR-A and PGR-B), three other receptor/signal transduction pathways could account for P4′s intraovarian actions. These pathways could be mediated by 1) the PGR localizing at or near the plasma membrane and activating SRC family kinases, 2) a membrane progestin receptor that responds to P4 by lowering intracellular cAMP and increasing MAPK 3/1 activity, and 3) a membrane receptor complex composed of serpine 1 mRNA binding protein (also known as PAIRBP1 or RDA288) and progesterone receptor membrane component 1. Ligand activation of this complex likely leads to an increase in protein kinase G activity, the maintenance of low basal intracellular free calcium, and the inhibition of granulosa and luteal cell mitosis and apoptosis. Given the complexity of P4′s actions within the ovary, it is likely that all of these receptor/signal transduction pathways influence some aspect of ovarian function with the specific P4 response dependent on 1) the expression pattern of these putative P4 receptors, 2) the P4 binding affinity of each receptor system, and 3) the amount of available P4.
Characterization of ZnO Nanobelt-Based Gas Sensor for ${\rm H}_{2}$, ${\rm NO}_{2}$, and Hydrocarbon Sensing

A conductometric H2, NO2, and hydrocarbon gas sensor based on single-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanobelts has been developed. The nanobelt sensitive layer was deposited using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputterer. The microcharacterization study reveals that the nanobelts have a single crystal hexagonal structure with average thickness and width of about 10 and 50nm, respectively. The sensor was exposed to H2, NO2 and propene gases at operating temperatures between 150 degC and 450 degC. The study showed that optimum operating temperatures for the sensor are in the range of 300 degC-400degC for H2, 300 degC-350 degC for NO2, and 350 degC-420 degC for propene sensing
YAPAY ZEKA VE KÜMELEME TEKNİKLERİ KULLANILARAK GELİŞTİRİLEN YÖNTEM İLE OKUL SERVİSİ ROTALAMA PROBLEMİNİN OPTİMİZASYONU

Arac Rotalama Problemi (ARP) klasik yontemler ile cozulmesi mumkun olmayan ve bircok alt dali olan karmasik bir problemdir. Bu calismada, ARP’nin bir alt dali olan Okul Servisi Rotalama Probleminin (OSRP) optimizasyonu amaclanmistir. ARP ve OSRP incelenmis, problemler ve gelistirilen cozum yontemleri ile ilgili literature yer verilmistir. OSRP'nin optimizasyonu icin kumeleme teknikleri ve yapay zeka yontemleri kullanilarak, GPS, GIS araclari ve mobil uygulama destegi ile bir yazilim gelistirilmistir. Gelistirilen yazilim Ankara ilinde hizmet veren servis firmalarindan toplanan rota verileri uzerinde uygulanmistir. Elde edilen deneysel sonuclar, gelistirilen yontemin, mesafe, zaman ve rakim degisimi parametreleri acisindan rotalari basarili bir sekilde iyilestirilebilecegini gostermistir .
CD133 as a target for colon cancer

Introduction: Recent evidence based on cancer stem cell (CSC) models, is boosting the progress of translational research and providing relevant clinical implications in many tumour types, including colorectal cancer. The current failure of standard therapies is attributed to a small fraction of the primary cell population with stem-like characteristics, such as self-renewal and differentiation. Identification of CSCs is based on two different criteria of selection: stemness-selective conditions and direct isolation based on putative stem cell markers expression. CD133, a transmembrane glycoprotein, was associated with tumor-initiating cells derived from several histological variants of tumors, including colon. Areas covered: In this review the current understandings about CD133 as putative marker of tumour-initiating cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) is described. The focus of the discussion is on the need for additional markers to better identify the cell population able to recapitulate the parental tumor in immunocompromised mice. Expert opinion: Identification and characterization of CSCs represents a relevant issue to define innovative therapeutic approaches, overcoming the emergence of cancer cell clones capable of evading standard therapy.
A convolution inequality for entropy over Z2

We prove an inequality for the entropy of a sum of two independent random variables taking values in the group Z2. Our inequality is very simply stated, and may be interpreted as a lower bound on the capacity of a cascade of two BSC channels in terms of the capacities of the component BSC channels. The inequality provides an upper bound on the entropy of a sum of two Z2-valued random variables, and thus it may also be thought of as a reverse entropy power inequality. One of the intriguing features of this inequality is that it only holds if entropy is measured in bits; i.e., the base with respect to which logarithms are taken matters crucially.
Structural variation in a synchrotron-induced contamination layer (a-C:H) deposited on a toroidal Au mirror surface.

A carbon layer deposited on an optical component is the result of complex interactions between the optical surface, adsorbed hydrocarbons, photons and secondary electrons (photoelectrons generated on the surface of optical elements). In the present study a synchrotron-induced contamination layer on a 340 mm × 60 mm Au-coated toroidal mirror has been characterized. The contamination layer showed a strong variation in structural properties from the centre of the mirror to the edge region (along the long dimension of the mirror) due to the Gaussian distribution of the incident photon beam intensity/power on the mirror surface. Raman scattering measurements were carried out at 12 equidistant (25 mm) locations along the length of the mirror. The surface contamination layer that formed on the Au surface was observed to be hydrogenated amorphous carbon film in nature. The effects of the synchrotron beam intensity/power distribution on the structural properties of the contamination layer are discussed. The I(D)/I(G) ratio, cluster size and disordering were found to increase whereas the sp2:sp3 ratio, G peak position and H content decreased with photon dose. The structural parameters of the contamination layer in the central region were estimated (thickness ≃ 400 Å, roughness ≃ 60 Å, density ≃ 72% of bulk graphitic carbon density) by soft X-ray reflectivity measurements. The amorphous nature of the layer in the central region was observed by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction.
Type I and type II corticosteroid receptor gene expression in the rat: effect of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone administration.

We have used 32P-labeled cRNA probes directed against Type I (mineralocorticoid, high affinity glucocorticoid) and Type II (classical glucocorticoid) receptor mRNA to screen various tissues, and have investigated the effect of adrenalectomy (ADX) and dexamethasone (DM) administration on their levels in hippocampus. Both Northern blot and S1 nuclease analysis showed Type I mRNA to be high in hippocampus, colon, and heart; low in liver; and undetectable in thymus. Type II mRNA was high in liver, thymus, and brain; and low in testis and parotid. A transient increase in both hippocampal Type I and Type II mRNA was noted at 1-3 days post ADX. DM similarly elicited a rise in hippocampal Type I mRNA at 2-4 days after ADX, but prevented the ADX-induced increment in Type II mRNA. In contrast to the transient increase in Type I receptor mRNA levels, hippocampal levels of Type I receptors measured by [3H]aldosterone binding were constant 1-16 days post ADX. DM administration caused a doubling in Type I receptor levels over 4 days, with plateau levels at 4-16 days; previously, DM has been shown to lower Type II receptor levels in the hippocampus. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples

In the past 10 years, geneticists have investigated the genetic variation of modern Turkic populations as well as ancient DNA of the Xiongnu and others. The accumulated findings of these surveys, however, have not been adequately noted by specialists in Inner Asian history. In order to fill this gap, we conducted a comparative analysis of textual information and genetic survey data on the early and medieval Turkic peoples. First, we examined the information on the origins, identity, and physiognomy of the early and medieval Turkic peoples contained in the Chinese Standard Histories ( zhengshi 正史). We then discussed how the findings of genetic surveys complement the textual information. Both Chinese histories and modern DNA studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous populations. The Turkicisation of central and western Eurasia was not the product of migrations involving a homogeneous entity, but that of language diffusion.
In vitro evaluation of BAL9141, a novel parenteral cephalosporin active against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci.

Community-acquired and nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens continue to increase in prevalence and have become a serious problem in many parts of the world. BAL9141 is a member of the class of parenteral pyrrolidinone-3-ylidenemethyl cephalosporins, and has a broad spectrum of activity. In the current study, BAL9141 was tested against a large number (n = 2263) of recent isolates from various international surveillance programmes including 1097 Gram-positive strains. Susceptibility to (S) and activity of (mg/L) to BAL9141, based on proposed breakpoints (MIC50/MIC90/% S) were as follows: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (0.5/0.5/100%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (1/2/100%), methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (0.12/0.25/100%), methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS) (1/2/100%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (< or = 0.015/0.25/100%), viridans group streptococci (0.03/0.5/99%), beta-haemolytic streptococci (< or = 0.015/< or = 0.015/100%), Enterococcus faecalis (0.5/16/90%), Enterococcus faecium (>32/>32/22%), Haemophilus influenzae (0.06/0.06/100%), Moraxella catarrhalis (0.06/0.5/100%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.03/0.06/100%) and Neisseria meningitidis (< or = 0.002/0.004/100%). BAL9141 susceptibility at < pr = 4 mg/L (100% S) surpassed that of ceftriaxone (CRO; 1% S) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q-D; 92% S) against MRSA and MR-CoNS (CRO 0.9% S; Q-D 94% S). All S. pneumoniae were inhibited by BAL9141 at < or = 1 mg/L compared with CRO (90% S) and levofloxacin (LVX; 98% S). Susceptibility rates for viridans group streptococci to BAL9141 (>98%) were also higher than to CRO (86%) and LVX (96%). BAL9141 demonstrated excellent activity against most species of wild-type enteric bacilli, with > or = 95% of isolates being susceptible; however, only modest activity was observed for BAL9141 against non-fermentative Gram-negative species and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae. BAL9141 demonstrated excellent activity against many tested pathogens displaying various resistance phenotypes, and should be particularly valuable in the treatment of MRSA as well as for drug-resistant streptococci, while maintaining a spectrum resembling a 'third-generation' cephalosporin against other clinically important species.
A DCT-BASED Digital Watermarking Algorithm for Image

Based on the analysis of previous digital watermarking algorithms for image in two different domains, spatial domain and frequency domain, the paper has put forward a DCT-based digital watermarking algorithm for image, which is not only robust against attacks on watermarking information but also has a larger watermarking capacity than previous DCT-based watermarking algorithms.