Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrent acute otitis media occurring within one month from completion of antibiotic therapy: relationship to the original pathogen

Objectives. (1) To determine the relationship between acute otitis media (AOM) pathogens isolated in cases of early clinical recurrence of AOM (occurring within 1 month from completion of therapy) to the original pathogens causing the initial AOM episode; and (2) To determine whether shorter time intervals between completion of antibiotic therapy and clinical recurrences of AOM are associated with higher rates of true bacteriologic relapse. Patients and methods. From 1995 through 2000, 1077 infants and young children ages 3 to 36 months with AOM were enrolled in double tympanocentesis (performed on Day 1 in all patients and Days 4 to 6 in those initially culture-positive) studies. Of these, 834 (77%) completed successfully the antibiotic treatment [pathogen eradication on Days 4 to 6 of therapy or no pathogen on middle ear fluid (MEF) culture on Day 1 and clinical improvement at end of therapy]. Patients were followed for 3 to 4 weeks after completion of therapy, and additional MEF cultures were obtained if clinical recurrence occurred. True bacteriologic relapse was defined as the presence of a pathogen identical with that isolated before therapy by serotype and pulsed field gel electrophoresis for Streptococcus pneumoniae and by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and beta-lactamase production for Haemophilus influenzae. Results. MEF cultures were performed in 108 consecutive patients with early recurrent AOM. One hundred pathogens were isolated at recurrence in 88 of 108 (81%) patients: 54 H. influenzae; 45 S. pneumoniae; and 1 Moraxella catarrhalis. Most recurrent AOM episodes developed during the first 2 weeks of follow-up; 39 (36%), 38 (35%), 21 (19%) and 10 (9%) recurrent AOM episodes occurred on Days 1 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21 and 22 to 28 after completion of therapy, respectively. In most patients these episodes were caused by a new pathogen. True bacteriologic relapses were found in 30 (28%) of 108 patients whose MEF cultures were positive for 35 pathogens: 13 of 108 (12%) S. pneumoniae; 12 of 108 (11%) H. influenzae; and 5 of 108 (5%) both. When timing of recurrent AOM after completion of therapy was analyzed, true bacteriologic relapses were found in 16 of 39 (41%), 10 of 38 (26%), 3 of 21 (14%) and 1 of 10 (10%) of all episodes on Days 1 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21 and 22 to 28 after completion of therapy, respectively (P = 0.01). The respective rates for S. pneumoniae were 11 of 17 (65%), 3 of 10 (30%), 3 of 13 (23%) and 1 of 5 (20%) (P = 0.02). For H. influenzae the respective rates were 8 of 19 (42%), 9 of 23 (39%), 0 of 8 (0%) and 0 of 4 (0%) (P = 0.02). Conclusions. Most recurrent AOM episodes occurring within 1 month from completion of antibiotic therapy are in fact new infections. Most of the true bacteriologic AOM relapses occur within 14 days after completion of therapy, but even during this time interval most of the recurrences are caused by new pathogens. H. influenzae is very unlikely to cause true bacteriologic AOM relapses14 days or later after completion of therapy.
A systematic survey for eruptive young stellar objects using mid-infrared photometry

Accretion in young stellar objects (YSOs) is at least partially episodic, i.e. periods with high accretion rates ('bursts') are interspersed by quiescent phases. These bursts manifest themselves as eruptive variability. Here we presenta systematic survey for eruptive YSOs aiming to constrain the frequency of accretion bursts. We compare mid-infrared photometry from Spitzer and WISE separated by ~5 yr for two samples of YSOs, in nearby star-forming regions and in the Galactic plane, each comprising about 4000 young sources. All objects for which the brightness at 3.6 and 4.5 I¼m is increased by at least 1 mag between the two epochs may be eruptive variables and burst candidates. For these objects, we carry out follow-up observations in the near-infrared. We discover two new eruptive variables in the Galactic plane which could be FU Ori-type objects, with K-band amplitudes of more than 1.5 mag. One object known to undergo an accretion burst, V2492 Cyg, is recovered by our search as well. In addition, the young star ISO-Oph-50, previously suspected to be an eruptive object, is found to be better explained by a disc with varying circumstellar obscuration. In total, the number of burst events in a sample of 4000 YSOs is 1-4. Assuming that all YSOs undergo episodic accretion, this constraint can be used to show that phases of strong accretion (>10-6Mâ? yr-1) occur in intervals of about 104 yr, most likely between 5000 and 50 000 yr. This is consistent with the dynamical time-scales for outflows, but not with the separations of emission knots in outflows, indicating that episodic accretion could either trigger or stop collimated large-scale outflows. Â© 2013 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Finite control set model predictive control for grid-tied quasi-Z-source based multilevel inverter

In this paper, a finite control set Model Predictive Control (MPC) for grid-tie quasi-Z-Source (qZS) based multilevel inverter is proposed. The proposed Power Conditioning System (PCS) consists of a single-phase 2-cell Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverter where each module is fed by a qZS network. The aim of the proposed control technique is to achieve grid-tie current injection, low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) current, unity power factor, while balancing DC-link voltage for all qZS-CHB inverter modules. The feasibility of this strategy is validated by simulation using Matlab/Simulink environment.
Implementation of ternary logic gates using FGMOS

Inthis paper we present the ternary logic gates implementation using FGMOS (Floating gate MOSFET) also calledMIFG MOSFET (Multi input floating gate MOSFET). Implementation using ternary logic have advantage than binary logic implementation in terms of more information capability, reduced interconnections and reduction in chip area. MIFG MOSFETs design reduces transistor count as a result area of chip will reduce. Ternary logic gates using MIFG MOSFETs reduces transistor count compared with CMOS design and CNTFET based designs.
Full genome analysis of enterovirus D‐68 strains circulating in Alberta, Canada

A widespread outbreak of enterovirus (EV)‐D68 that started in the summer of 2014 has been reported in the USA and Canada. During the course of this outbreak, EV‐D68 was identified as a possible cause of acute, unexplained severe respiratory illness and a temporal association was observed between acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis and EV‐D68 detection in the upper respiratory tract. In this study, four nasopharyngeal samples collected from patients in Alberta, Canada with a laboratory diagnosis of EV‐D68 were used to determine the near full‐length genome sequence directly from the specimens. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to study the genotypes and pathogenesis of the circulating strains. Our results support the contention that mutations in the VP1 gene and other regions of the genome causing altered antigenicity, as well as lack of immunity in the younger population, may be responsible for the increased severe respiratory disease outbreaks of EV‐D68 worldwide. J. Med. Virol. 88:1194–1203, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The perivascular space as a path of hematopoietic progenitor cells and mature T cells between the blood circulation and the thymic parenchyma.

It is known that selected populations of lymphoid cells migrate into and from the adult thymus through blood vessels at the cortico-medullary junction and in the medulla. Here, we show that in the perivascular spaces (PVS) of mice surrounding large blood vessels, CD117-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells, CD4 single-positive (SP) and CD8SP T cells are located. However, developing thymocytes, CD25-positive cells and CD4 and CD8 double-positive cells, are not detectable in the PVS. After intravenous (i.v.) injection of CD117-positive bone marrow (BM) cells from C57BL/6 mice into non-irradiated RAG2 mutant mice i.v. , donor-derived cells first preferentially migrate into the PVS within 30 min, and then the number of donor-derived cells in the thymic parenchyma increases. Likewise, newly developed mature T cells in the thymic parenchyma of RAG2 mutant mice transferred with wild-type BM cells migrate to the PVS, before leaving the thymus to the circulation. Accumulation of mature T cells was observed after treatment with sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 not only in the medulla but also in the thymic PVS. These results suggest that the PVS is a transit pathway for progenitor cells to immigrate into the thymus and for mature T cells to emigrate from the thymus.
Finite Element Model of Polar Growth in Pollen Tubes[C][W]

The generation of different shapes in plant cells depends on the spatial regulation of the cell wall mechanical properties. A finite element modeling approach was used to simulate the unidirectional growth process in pollen tubes. Predictions made by the model suggest a crucial role for the chemical configuration of pectin in determining cell shape. Cellular protuberance formation in walled cells requires the local deformation of the wall and its polar expansion. In many cells, protuberance elongation proceeds by tip growth, a growth mechanism shared by pollen tubes, root hairs, and fungal hyphae. We established a biomechanical model of tip growth in walled cells using the finite element technique. We aimed to identify the requirements for spatial distribution of mechanical properties in the cell wall that would allow the generation of cellular shapes that agree with experimental observations. We based our structural model on the parameterized description of a tip-growing cell that allows the manipulation of cell size, shape, cell wall thickness, and local mechanical properties. The mechanical load was applied in the form of hydrostatic pressure. We used two validation methods to compare different simulations based on cellular shape and the displacement of surface markers. We compared the resulting optimal distribution of cell mechanical properties with the spatial distribution of biochemical cell wall components in pollen tubes and found remarkable agreement between the gradient in mechanical properties and the distribution of deesterified pectin. Use of the finite element method for the modeling of nonuniform growth events in walled cells opens future perspectives for its application to complex cellular morphogenesis in plants.
The Normativity of the Concept of Heteronormativity

The aim of the article is to analyze and to critically examine use of the concept of heteronormativity. We find it important to adjust the concept to some extent in order to analyze, for example, changes occurring in homosexual families, contemporary gender-equal families, or the progressive youth culture. We find two approaches when using the concept. One minimizes the importance of how sexual practices are embedded in social institutions. The first approach becomes too idealistic, whereas the second approach often is based on a structural view of society. This approach makes it hard to imagine a transformation of the family that could lead to more equal and democratic relations in contemporary families. We suggest a third approach, and the possibility of finding creative ways of analyzing actual change and contestations of heteronormativity. An approach containing a space of reflexivity and aiming at political change both involving subjects as well as structures.
Infection with Antimicrobial‐resistant Microorganisms in Dialysis Patients

The prevalence of antimicrobial‐resistant microorganisms in various health care settings, including outpatient dialysis facilities, has increased dramatically in the last decade. Antimicrobial use and patient‐to‐patient transmission of resistant strains are the two main factors that have contributed to this rapid increase. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase‐negative staphylococci are commonly isolated as a cause of hemodialysis (HD) catheter‐related bacteremia and peritoneal dialysis (PD)‐related catheter infection and peritonitis. The widespread use of vancomycin in dialysis patients is of concern because of an increase in the prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) in dialysis patients. Staphylococci with reduced sensitivity to vancomycin have also appeared in dialysis patients. A more recent problem is the appearance of S. aureus isolates with a high degree of resistance to the topical antimicrobial agent mupirocin. This has been seen in PD patients who have received prophylactic application of mupirocin at the peritoneal catheter exit site. Appropriate antimicrobial use will help protect the efficacy of currently used antibiotics, such as vancomycin. Published guidelines for use of vancomycin should be followed. New antimicrobials such as linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin have activity against VRE and MRSA, but resistance to these agents has already occurred. Preventing transmission of antimicrobial‐resistant microorganisms in health care settings, including outpatient dialysis facilities, is important in limiting the spread of these resistant organisms.
Titinopathies and extension of the M-line mutation phenotype beyond distal myopathy and LGMD2J

Objective: To determine the phenotype variability associated with the specific C-terminal M-line titin mutation known to cause autosomal dominant distal myopathy, tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD; MIM 600334), and limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2J (LGMD2J). Methods: Three hundred eighty-six individuals were genotyped for the Finnish founder mutation in titin (FINmaj) causing TMD/LGMD2J. Results: Two hundred seven patients were heterozygous for the mutation. Among these patients, 189 (91%) had a more common phenotype compatible with the classic description of TMD. However, 18 (9%) had unusual phenotypes such as proximal leg or posterior lower leg muscle weakness and atrophy even at onset. Four patients were confirmed homozygotes representing the LGMD2J phenotype. These homozygotes were half of the eight LGMD patients previously described in the original large consanguineous kindred. Conclusions: Large variability of phenotypic expression caused by just one mutation, the Finnish FINmaj, suggests that no certain phenotype of myopathy/dystrophy can be excluded from being caused by mutated titin. Yet unknown homozygous or compound heterozygous titin mutations without phenotype in the heterozygote carriers may be responsible for undetermined recessive MD and LGMD.
Robust Vowel Landmark Detection Using Epoch-Based Features

Automatic detection of vowel landmarks is useful in many applications such as automatic speech recognition (ASR), audio search, syllabification of speech and expressive speech processing. In this paper, acoustic features extracted around epochs are proposed for detection of vowel landmarks in continuous speech. These features are based on zero frequency filtering (ZFF) and single frequency filtering (SFF) analyses of speech. Excitation source based features are extracted using ZFF method and vocal tract system based features are extracted using SFF method. Based on these features, a rule-based algorithm is developed for vowel landmark detection (VLD). Performance of the proposed VLD algorithm is studied on three different databases namely, TIMIT (read), NTIMIT (channel degraded) and Switchboard corpus (conversational speech). Results show that the proposed algorithm performs equally well compared to state-of-the-art techniques on TIMIT and better on NTIMIT and Switchboard corpora. Proposed algorithm also displays consistent performance on TIMIT and NTIMIT datasets for different levels of noise degradations.
Endogenous enkephalins, not endorphins, modulate basal hedonic state in mice

The aversive response to naloxone administration observed in human and animal studies suggests the presence of an endogenous opioid tone regulating hedonic state but the class(es) of opioid peptides mediating such opioid hedonic tone is uncertain. We sought to address this question using mice deficient in either beta‐endorphin or pro‐enkephalin in a naloxone‐conditioned place aversion paradigm. Mice received saline in the morning in one chamber and either saline or naloxone (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg, s.c.) in the afternoon in another chamber, each day for 3 days. On the test day they were given free access to the testing chambers in the afternoon and the time spent in each chamber was recorded. Whereas wild‐type and beta‐endorphin‐deficient mice exhibited a robust conditioned place aversion to naloxone, pro‐enkephalin knockout mice failed to show aversion to naloxone at any dose tested. In contrast, these mice showed a normal conditioned aversion to the kappa opioid receptor agonist, U50,488 (5 mg/kg), and to LiCl (100 mg/kg) indicating that these mice are capable of associative learning. In a separate experiment, pro‐enkephalin knockout mice, similar to wild‐type and beta‐endorphin‐deficient mice, demonstrated a significant conditioned place preference to morphine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg s.c.). These data suggest that enkephalins, but not endorphins, may mediate an endogenous opioid component of basal affective state and also indicate that release of neither endogenous enkephalins nor endorphins is critical for the acquisition or expression of the association between contextual cues and the rewarding effect of exogenously administered opiates.
A Classical Constraint Satisfaction Problem and its Solution using Artificial Intelligence

Constraint satisfaction Problem is considered as an important area of the Mathematical Computation. Constraints are a set of conditions that has to be true for some problem like crypt arithmetic problems. Crypt arithmetic problems are where numbers are changed with alphabetic or symbolic order. Whenever a number needs to be assigned to an alphabet some constraint should be followed. Constraint says that each time assignment of variables replaced with only 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. No two numbers will be assigned to same alphabet or symbol, uniqueness should be there. With the help of (0…9) digits we satisfy each constraint so that we can get accurate result. This paper is an effort to find a solution of a Classical Crypt Arithmetic Problem (BASE + BALL = GAMES) with the help of a proposed method which is computationally cheaper and give results in minimum time as compared to parallel genetic algorithm.
Control Strategy to Maximize the Power Capability of PV Three-Phase Inverters During Voltage Sags

Under voltage sags, grid-tied photovoltaic inverters should remain connected to the grid according to low-voltage ride-through requirements. During such perturbations, it is interesting to exploit completely the distributed power provisions to contribute to the stability and reliability of the grid. In this sense, this paper proposes a low-voltage ride-through control strategy that maximizes the inverter power capability by injecting the maximum-rated current during the sag. To achieve this objective, two possible active power situations have been considered, i.e., high- and low-power production scenarios. In the first case, if the source is unable to deliver the whole generated power to the grid, the controller applies active power curtailment to guarantee that the maximum rated current is not surpassed. In the second case, the maximum allowed current is not reached, thus, the control strategy determined the amount of reactive power that can be injected up to reach it. The control objective can be fulfilled by means of a flexible current injection strategy that combines a proper balance between positive- and negative-current sequences, which limits the inverter output current to the maximum rated value and avoid active power oscillations. Selected experimental and simulation results are reported in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Analog and RF circuits in 45 nm CMOS and below: planar bulk versus FinFET

Scaling to 45 nm node and below might necessitate the use of new processing steps (e.g. new gate stacks) or new device concepts such as FinFETs. Although intrinsic transistor speed increases with scaling, some analog performance parameters tend to degrade. In this paper we show with experimental results and simulations on analog and RF circuits that for high-speed and RF applications, downscaling to 45 nm channel length of bulk devices still improves RF circuit performance, while for low-frequency, high-gain applications FinFET technology offers better circuit performance than planar bulk CMOS
Can I Think of Something Else when Using a BCI?: Cognitive Demand of an SSVEP-based BCI

BCIs are presumably supposed to require the full attention of their users and to lose accuracy if they pay attention to another task. This assertion has been verified with several BCI paradigms (e.g. P300). But the cognitive demand of the promising SSVEP paradigm had never been specifically assessed yet. We measured the accuracy of an SSVEP-based BCI used by 26 participants in various conditions of mental workload. Our analysis revealed that surprisingly, for this type of BCI, little attention is actually needed from participants to reach optimal accuracy: participants were able to successfully perform a complex secondary task (N-back) without degrading the BCI accuracy. The same observation was made whether visual or auditive attention was solicited. These results indicate that SSVEP is a low-demanding paradigm in terms of cognitive resources, and are encouraging for its use in complex interaction settings.
Di-μ-hydroxido-κ4 O:O-μ-trifluoromethanesulfonato-κ2 O:O′-bis[(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(III)] tetraphenylborate 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2-bipyridine

The title compound, [Yb2(CF3O3S)(C10H15)2(OH)2(C12H12N2)2](C24H20B)·C12H12N2, crystallizes as a half-sandwich complex with a bridging trifluoromethanesulfonate as well as two bridging hydroxide groups. The bound bipyridine ligands have N—C—C—N torsion angles of 13.1 (9) and −12.1 (8)°. The structure also contains an uncoordinated 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine molecule with an N—C—C—N torsion angle of 169.5 (7)°. The triply bridged Yb centers are 3.5990 (4) Å apart. The Yb—N bond lengths are in the range 2.389 (6)–2.424 (5) Å.
Dinámica no lineal para caracterizar la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco en pacientes chagásicos agudos

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de la Variabilidad del Ritmo Cardiaco (HRV en Ingles) en pacientes chagasicos agudos mediante metodos del analisis no lineal: dinamica simbolica y entropia aproximada. El objetivo es determinar las posibles alteraciones en el balance autonomico cardiaco en la enfermedad de Chagas aguda. Los resultados obtenidos por ambos metodos (dinamica simbolica y entropia aproximada) indican algunas alteraciones del balance autonomico cardiaco en las fases tempranas de la enfermedad probablemente causadas por el infiltrado inflamatorio agudo.
Effect of hands free kit on SAR when using a Smart phone at 1800MHz

This paper investigates the effects of a wired Hands free kit on the SAR inside the head when using a Smart phone in front of the face. SAR measurements are carried out in the GSM 1800 frequency band using a DASY twin phantom and the Loughborough phantom. Results indicate that energy is coupled onto the wire in certain scenarios and this can increase the SAR at the ear when the Smart phone is in front of the face. However, all results indicate that the maximum SAR in the head is obtained when the Smart phone is used in its standard talk position at the side of the head.