Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Implications of Integrated Reporting for Social Investment (Disclosures)

accounts, like the protestor’s mock report, to speak truth to power, using the showdown of Happy Valley as a testing ground. Initially, the mock report gained traction through enticing aggressive litigation from Solid Energy and thus presented a trap which ensnared the company in a deadly mutual embrace with the protesters. In trying to fight the report in court, the company unwittingly increased the media profile of the conflict. However, apart from this high initial coverage, the mock report was mostly ineffective due to its use of humour and derision. Realising this, Solid Energy was able to retreat from a direct engagement with the protestors who were beginning to lose relevance. Victor Hugo once said ‘to contemplate is to look at shadows’ – perhaps, this is also true of shadow accounting, producing at best societal contemplation. Rather than directly impact Solid Energy, Tregidga finds that the radical potential of the protestor’s mock report lay instead in its effects on a wider set of participants in civil society. Here the report built broader public support for a social movement against the mine. Tregidga shows that the war of discourse may be won through at least partially circumnavigating the battle. Shadow accounting alone may not wrestle truth from the grip of power, but it may help inform others with similar ambitions to combat powerful organisations and provide a broader form of accountability. I thank Tregidga for a rich story full of lessons to enhance future engagements with power.
The Polyhedral Gauss Map and discrete curvature measures in geometric modelling

The Work in this thesis is concentrated on the study of discrete curvature as an important geometric property of objects, useful in describing their shape. The main focus is on the study of the methods to measure the discrete curvature on polyhedral surfaces. The curvatures associated with a polyhedral surface are concentrated around its vertices and along its edges. An existing method to evaluate the curvature at a vertex is the Angle Deficit, which also characterises vertices into flat, convex or saddle. In discrete surfaces other kinds of vertices are possible which this method cannot identify. The concept of Total Absolute Curvature (TAC) has been established to overcome this limitation, as a measure of curvature independent of the orientation of local geometry. However no correct implementation of the TAC exists for polyhedral surfaces, besides very simple cases.For two-dimensional discrete surfaces in space, represented as polygonal meshes, the TAC is measured by means of the Polyhedral Gauss Map (PGM) of vertices. This is a representation of the curvature of a vertex as an area on the surface of a sphere. Positive and negative components of the curvature of a vertex are distinguished as spherical polygons on the PGM. Core contributions of this thesis are the methods to identify these polygons and give a sign to them. The PGM provides a correct characterisation of vertices of any type, from basic convex and saddle types to complex mixed vertices, which have both positive and negative curvature in them.Another contribution is a visualisation program developed to show the PGM using 3D computer graphics. This program helps in the understanding and analysis of the results provided by the numerical computations of curvature. It also provides interactive tools to show the detailed information about the curvature of vertices.Finally a polygon simplification application is used to compare the curvature measures provided by the Angle Deficit and PGM methods. Various sample meshes are decimated using both methods and the simplified results compared with the original meshes. These experiments show how the TAC can be used to more effectively preserve the shape of an object. Several other applications that benefit in a similar way with the use of the TAC as a curvature measure are also proposed.
‘Bars’ Performance Rating for Sales Force Personnel

definition of a term is necessary for an understanding of the advertising message seems somewhat tenuous. For example, it is not necessary for a person to know that radial tires mayor may not contain steel belts for him to correctly understand the advertising message that radial tires are safer and wear longer than nonradial tires. I would strongly question the validity of excluding from advertising words or terms that are not understood in (Continued on page 121.)
Factors That Affect Mortality Rates in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients

Introduction: Hip fractures are primarily seen in elderly patients. Older age and accompanying diseases leads to negative outcomes in this patient group. More than 320,000 cases of hip fractures are diagnosed every year in the U.S.A and there is a mortality rate of 14-36% in the first year after surgery. The aim of our research was to study factors that affect mortality. Methods: For this purpose, 115 patients over the age of 65 who received hip fracture operations in our clinic were evaluated. Patients with hip fractures due to traffic accidents or from falling down from heights and pathological fractures were excluded. Results: It was observed that the age at the time of fracture, 2 or more days of suspended time before the operation, high values of ASA score, an intensive care unit stay, used anaesthesia type and presence of accompanying diseases in the single-variable model were significant risk factors for patients in terms of mortality (p ˂ 0.05). The age at the time of fracture and 2 or more days of suspending time before operation were found to be significant independent variables in terms of mortality (p ˂ 0.05) Conclusion: We assume that multi-disciplinary geriatric care will positively affect post-fracture results and probably reduce treatment costs. According to data collected from our study, the age of patients and two or more suspended days before the operation were significant independent risk factors in terms of mortality.
Dependency-based translation equivalents for factored machine translation

One of the major concerns of the machine translation practitioners is to create good translation models: correctly extracted translation equivalents and a reduced size of the translation table are the most important evaluation criteria. This paper presents a method for extracting translation examples using the dependency linkage of both the source and target sentence. To decompose the source/target sentence into fragments, we identified two types of dependency link-structures super-links and chains and used these structures to set the translation example borders. The option for the dependency-linked ngrams approach is based on the assumption that a decomposition of the sentence in coherent segments, with complete syntactical structure and which accounts for extra-phrasal syntactic dependency would guarantee “better” translation examples and would make a better use of the storage space. The performance of the dependency-based approach is measured with the BLEU-NIST score and in comparison with a baseline system.
The regulation of internships a comparative study

In 2012, the International Labour Conference issued a resolution with a call for action to tackle the unprecedented youth employment crisis through a set of policy measures. The resolution provides guiding principles and a package of inter-related policies for countries wanting to take immediate and targeted action to address the crisis of youth labour markets. This paper is part of follow-up action on knowledge building coordinated by the ILO’s Youth Employment Programme (YEP). Together with apprenticeships and temporary jobs, internships (or traineeships as they are often called in Europe) have become an important part of the transition from education to employment, especially in higher-income countries. Concerns have been expressed in recent years about the role of internships in serving as an effective bridge between education and (paid) work. Against that background, and in particular the ILO’s commitment to promote decent work for young people, the objectives of this paper are: •to explain the different forms that internships may take; • to discuss the extent to which different institutional arrangements and design features of internships are conducive to the integration of young people into longer term stable employment; •to provide a comparative overview of the regulation of internships in selected countries; and •to discuss the appropriateness and effectiveness of particular regulatory strategies.
Functional Morphology and Comparative Anatomy of Appendicular Musculature in Cuban Anolis Lizards with Different Locomotor Habits

We examined the diversity of the musculoskeletal morphology in the limbs of Anolis lizards with different habitats and identified variations in functional and morphological adaptations to different ecologies or behaviors. Dissection and isolation of 40 muscles from the fore- and hindlimbs of five species of Anolis were performed, and the muscle mass and length of the moment arm were compared after body size effects were removed. Ecologically and behaviorally characteristic morphological differences were observed in several muscles. Well-developed hindlimb extensors were observed in ground-dwelling species, A. sagrei and A. bremeri, and were considered advantageous for running, whereas adept climber species possessed expanded femoral retractors for weight-bearing during climbing. Moreover, morphological variations were observed among arboreal species. Wider excursions of the forelimb joint characterized A. porcatus, presumably enabling branch-to-branch locomotion, while A. equestris and A. angusticeps possessed highly developed adductor muscles for grasping thick branches or twigs. These findings suggest divergent evolution of musculoskeletal characteristic in the limbs within the genus Anolis, with correlations observed among morphological traits, locomotor performance, and habitat uses.
Dynamic Exchange of Myosin VI on Endocytic Structures*

Background: Myosin VI turnover during endocytosis is underexplored. Results: Wild type myosin VI exchanges at the same rate as its binding partner and faster than artificially dimerized myosin VI. Conclusion: During endocytic exchange, myosin VI relies on binding partner dynamics and does not function as a stable dimer. Significance: The turnover dynamics and monomer/dimer properties of myosin VI are illuminated. The actin-based molecular motor myosin VI functions in the endocytic uptake pathway, both during the early stages of clathrin-mediated uptake and in later transport to/from early endosomes. This study uses fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to examine the turnover rate of myosin VI during endocytosis. The results demonstrate that myosin VI turns over dynamically on endocytic structures with a characteristic half-life common to both the large insert isoform of myosin VI on clathrin-coated structures and the no-insert isoform on early endosomes. This half-life is shared by the myosin VI-binding partner Dab2 and is identical for full-length myosin VI and the cargo-binding tail region. The 4-fold slower half-life of an artificially dimerized construct of myosin VI on clathrin-coated structures suggests that wild type myosin VI does not function as a stable dimer, but either as a monomer or in a monomer/dimer equilibrium. Taken together, these FRAP results offer insight into both the basic turnover dynamics and the monomer/dimer nature of myosin VI.
Inactivation and covalent modification of CTP synthetase by thiourea dioxide

Thiourea dioxide was used in chemical modification studies to identify functionally important amino acids in Escherichia coli CTP synthetase. Incubations at pH 8.0 in the absence of substrates led to rapid, time dependent, and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. The second‐ order rate constant for inactivation was 0.18 M−1 s−1. Inactivation also occurred in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of catalase, thereby ruling out mixed‐function oxidation/reduction as the mode of amino acid modification. Saturating concentrations of the substrates ATP and UTP, and the allosteric activator GTP prevented inactivation by thiourea dioxide, whereas saturating concentrations of glutamine (a substrate) did not. The concentration dependence of nucleotide protection revealed cooperative behavior with respect to individual nucleotides and with respect to various combinations of nucleotides. Mixtures of nucleotides afforded greater protection against inactivation than single nucleotides alone, and a combination of the substrates ATP and UTP provided the most protection. The Hill coefficient for nucleotide protection was approximately 2 for ATP, UTP, and GTP. In the presence of 1:1 ratios of ATP:UTP, ATP:GTP, and UTP:GTP, the Hill coefficient was approximately 4 in each case. Fluorescence and circular dichroism measurements indicated that modification by thiourea dioxide causes detectable changes in the structure of the protein. Modification with [14C]thiourea dioxide demonstrated that complete inactivation correlates with incorporation of 3 mol of [14C]thiourea dioxide per mole of CTP synthetase monomer. The specificity of thiourea dioxide for lysine residues indicates that one or more lysines are most likely involved in CTP synthetase activity. The data further indicate that nucleotide binding prevents access to these functionally important residues.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Aging on Cognition: Evidence for Executive Dysfunction

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to explore whether the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive aging may be extended to describe the cognitive effects associated with estrogen use in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal estrogen-only users, estrogen + progesterone users, and non-users (60–80 years old), as well as young, regularly cycling women (18–30 years old) completed an item and source memory task. Since source memory is thought to rely more on executive processes than item memory, we hypothesized that aging and estrogen effects would be greater for source memory than for item memory. Neuropsychological tests explored whether the effects of aging and estrogen use were revealed on other tests of frontal lobe function. Results from the experimental task revealed greater aging and estrogen effects for source memory than for item memory, and neuropsychological results revealed aging and estrogen effects on a subset of tests of executive function. Women on estrogen + progesterone therapy did not outperform non-users, suggesting that the addition of progesterone to hormone therapy may mitigate the benefits induced by estrogen use alone. Overall, findings support the hypothesis that estrogen use may temper age-related cognitive decline by helping to maintain functions subserved by the frontal lobes.
Single and dual band-notched ultra-wideband antenna based on dumbbell-shaped defects and complementary split ring resonators

Printed ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antennas are proposed with compact size and single/dual band-notched characteristics to prevent interference with nearby communication systems. It is shown that a dumbbell-shaped defect in the radiating element of a UWB monopole antenna can produce a notch band. The frequency of the notch can be easily adjusted by changing the physical dimensions of the defected structure. It is further shown that, a pair of complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) embedded in the dumbbell-shaped defect can be used to produce a second notch. The proposed dual band-notched antenna can be used for the rejection of interference with Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems covering the 3.3-3.6 GHz band, and either lower or upper wireless local area networks (WLANs) operating in the 5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz bands, respectively.
Local fluid losses enhance heart rate drives in light to moderate exercise.

UNLABELLED Dynamic calf muscle exercise of different intensities was performed at 90 degrees knee-joint flexion. To obtain different hydrostatic pressures and calf volumes, all exercise tests were conducted both in prone and supine position after 10 min of rest in the respective positions. Severe prone exercise was associated with increased anaerobic metabolism, reduced exercise tolerance time, and pain sensation. Despite these differences, maximal heart rates were nearly identical in both positions. During light to moderate exercise, heart rate was significantly increased in the prone position. In a steady-state exercise test this difference developed gradually during the first 10 min of exercise. Neither changes in muscle metabolism nor baroreceptor influence or pain sensation could account for this effect. DISCUSSION 1) At high exercise intensities in the prone position, the decreased hydrostatic pressure reduces maximal exercise duration by virtue of reduced maximal muscle perfusion. 2) In steady-state prone exercise, the local fluid loss appears to increase peripheral heart rate drives.
Business Partner Proximity and Resource Acquisition and its Effect on Corporate Entrepreneurship in Alliances

In today’s dynamic and complex world economy it is highly challenging for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to be competitive. With the help of business partners, firms can considerably improve their levels of corporate entrepreneurship and so their levels of competition. In this research, we test whether business partner proximity and resource acquisition in alliances are affecting corporate entrepreneurship. We looked at tangible and intangible resource types and the three different dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship, being innovation, renewal and venturing. Data from 91 high tech manufacturing SMEs was collected by survey and combined with data from the SDC Platinum alliance database. On the collected data statistical analyses were conducted with the use of SPSS. Our findings indicated that for high tech manufacturing SMEs different levels of business partner proximity have no influence on the acquired tangible and intangible resource types, and also did not influence a firm’s corporate entrepreneurship outcomes. Further, indicate the findings that intangible resource acquisition is more important for a firm’s entrepreneurship than tangible resource acquisition. The practical implications of this study are that high-tech SMEs gain due to resource acquisition the most on their venturing commitments, and thereafter renewal and thereafter innovation. SMEs looking to form alliances can conclude that due to resource acquisition from their business partner they will profit the most on venturing aspects and thereafter on renewal and innovation aspects. Also, levels of business partner proximity do not show to be relevant on the outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship, although we found that alliances were most frequently among similar sized companies.
Characterization of Single-Crystal Synthetic Diamond for Multi-Watt Continuous-Wave Raman Lasers

A continuous-wave diamond Raman laser is demonstrated with an output power of 5.1 W at 1217 nm. This Raman laser is intracavity pumped by a side-pumped Nd:YLF rod laser: a 43-fold brightness enhancement between the Nd:YLF and diamond Raman lasers is observed, with the M2 beam propagation factor of the diamond Raman laser measured to be <; 1.2. Although higher output powers are demonstrated in a similar configuration using KGd(WO4)2 (KGW) as the Raman laser material (6.1 W), the brightness enhancement is much lower (2.5 fold) due to the poorer beam quality of the KGW Raman laser (M2 <; 6). The Raman gain coefficient of single-crystal synthetic diamond at a pump wavelength of 1064-nm is also measured: a maximum value of 21±2 cm/GW is returned compared to 5.7±0.5 cm/GW for KGW at the same wavelength.
MASL, Langage de controle multi-agents robotiques

L'approche classique des langages pour le controle de Systemes Multi-Agents (SMA), a fortiori robotiques et autonomes, consiste d'abord en un point de vue microscopique : chaque agent dispose de son propre programme de controle contenant des primitives de communication / synchronisation permettant la cooperation / collaboration entre agents. L'emergence d'un comportement global, le point de vue macroscopique du calcul, ne peut qu'etre observe a posteriori. Dans ce contexte, MASL (Multi-Agent System Language) propose une approche unifiee et macroscopique a l'expression de calculs heterogenes et distribues sur des agents concus en suivant le modele deliberatif, reactif ou hybride. C'est un langage de haut niveau independant de l'executif ou chaque agent, vu comme une entite concurrente, determine localement sa participation a des blocs d'execution collectifs (e-blocs ou bloc entry). Chaque e-bloc est un programme collectif anonyme pouvant s'executer sur un reseau d'agents selon des criteres locaux. Le mode d'orchestration (scalaire, synchrone, asynchrone) est determine statiquement par un attribut du bloc, les communications supportent le modele a memoire partagee, le modele a envoi de messages et le modele d'evenements. L'heterogeneite des agents est assuree par heritage et polymorphisme alors que l'autonomie est proposee par un mecanisme (appele permeabilite) de filtrage ou chaque agent peut masquer/ouvrir son interface dynamiquement et selon la position de l'emetteur dans la hierarchie d'e-blocs. Dans un contexte d'allocation dynamique des agents, de reprise apres echec ou de remplacement d'un agent robotique dans une flotte de robots (cas d'une panne ou perte de fonctionnalite compromettant la mission), le e-bloc propose une perspective de point d'entree d'un traitement collectif. Dans le cas d'ebloc synchrones, le paradigme sous-jacent est issu du modele data-parallele, permettant ici des traitements iteratifs par vagues successives d'agents. Au final, MASL propose des avancees dans le domaine des SMA (appartenance dynamique a des groupes, precision du rythme des actions a entreprendre pour permettre une cooperation desiree) et au niveau de la gestion des erreurs.
Bone Density After Teriparatide Discontinuation in Premenopausal Idiopathic Osteoporosis.

CONTEXT Without antiresorptive therapy, postmenopausal women lose bone mass after teriparatide (TPTD) discontinuation; estrogen treatment prevents bone loss in this setting. It is not known whether premenopausal women with regular menses lose bone mass after teriparatide discontinuation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that normally menstruating premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP) will maintain teriparatide-associated bone mineral density (BMD) gains after medication cessation. DESIGN Twenty-one premenopausal IOP women previously enrolled in an open-label pilot study of teriparatide (20 mcg for 18-24 mo), had substantial BMD increases at the lumbar spine (LS; 10.8 ± 8.3%), total hip (TH; 6.2 ± 5.6%), and femoral neck (7.6 ± 3.4%). For this study, BMD was remeasured 2.0 ± 0.6 years after teriparatide cessation. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen women, who had gained 11.1 ± 7.2% at LS and 6.1 ± 6.5% at TH and were premenopausal at teriparatide completion, were followed without antiresorptive treatment. RESULTS Two years after completing teriparatide, BMD declined by 4.8 ± 4.3% (P = .0007) at the LS. In contrast, BMD remained stable at the femoral neck (-1.5 ± 4.2%) and TH (-1.1 ± 3.7%). Those who sustained LS bone loss >3% (-7.3 ± 2.9%; n = 10), did not differ from those with stable LS BMD (0.1 ± 1.1%; n=5) with regard to baseline body mass index, BMD at any site, or duration of followup, but were significantly older at re-evaluation (46 ± 3 vs 38 ± 7; P = .046), had larger increases in LS BMD during teriparatide treatment and higher cancellous bone remodeling on transiliac biopsy at baseline and completion of teriparatide treatment. Serum bone turnover markers did not differ at baseline or teriparatide completion, but tended to be higher at the re-evaluation timepoint in those with post-teriparatide bone loss. CONCLUSIONS These findings lead us to conclude that premenopausal women with IOP, particularly those over 40, may require antiresorptive treatment to prevent bone loss after teriparatide.