Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HERBIVORÍA Y MICORRIZAS ARBUSCULARES EN POBLACIONES NATURALES DE DATURA STRAMONIUM L.: RELACIÓN CON LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE NUTRIENTES EN EL SUELO

Trophic interactions impose important costs to their host plants, affecting patterns of resource allocation. The relationship between host and consumers is also influenced by the availability of resources, e. g. , soil nutrients. In this study , we explored the relationship among mycorrhiza -plant- herbivore in natural populations of Datura stramonium and their correlation with the content of phosphorus , nitrogen and carbon in the soil. We estimated the vegetative and reproductive biomass of plants, the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and the level of herbivory in populations of D. stramonium . The local abundance of D. stramonium was negatively related to the content of phosphorus in the soil. In contrast, soil carbon concentration affected positively the vegetative and reproductive mass of D. stramonium, although it was negatively correlated with the specific leaf area (SLA ). Of the trophic interactions only herbivory was significantly correlated with the SLA and no relationship was detected between the two interaction types. The lack of significant response of mycorrhizae to the soil nutrients concentration, plant performance, and herbivory may result from the stochasticity in the availability of mycorrhizal inoculum (identity and abundance) in the populations studied .
Novel target tracking method based on ﬁreﬂy algorithm optimized particle ﬁlter

: An interactive multiple model particle ﬁlter algorithm needs several models to track the strong maneuvering target, and the resampling of particle ﬁlter will lead to the impoverishment phenomenon of particles, therefore, a new kind of tracking the maneuvering target is proposed. The algorithm ﬁrstly introduces attraction and moving mechanism of glowworm group into the particle ﬁlter, and then introduce the improved particle ﬁlter into the interactive multiple model to enhance its tracking precision and stability by intelligent optimization means. Experimental results show, compared with IMM-PF, the improved method can waste less time to reach the same level of precision, and to enhance the tracking performance for maneuvering target.
Decision-making Processes among Prostate Cancer Survivors with Rising PSA Levels: Results from a Qualitative Analysis

Background—Prostate cancer survivors with a rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) level have few treatment options, experience a heightened state of uncertainty about their disease trajectory that might include the possibility of cancer metastasis and death, and often experience elevated levels of distress as they have to deal with a disease they thought they had conquered. Guided by self-regulation theory, the present study examined the cognitive and affective processes involved in shared decision making between physician and patients who experience a rising PSA after definitive treatment for prostate cancer. Methods—In-depth interviews were conducted with 34 prostate cancer survivors who had been diagnosed with a rising PSA (i.e., biochemical failure) within the past 12 months. Survivors were asked about their experiences and affective responses after being diagnosed with a rising PSA and while weighing potential treatment options. In addition, patients were asked about their decisionmaking process for the initial prostate cancer treatment. Results—Compared to the initial diagnosis, survivors with a rising PSA reported increased negative affect following their diagnosis, concern about the treatability of their disease, increased planning and health behavior change, heightened levels of worry preceding doctor’s appointments (especially prior to the discussion of PSA testing results), and a strong reliance on physicians’ treatment recommendations. Conclusions—Prostate cancer survivors’ decision-making processes for the treatment of a rising PSA are markedly different from those of the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer. Because 1Financial support for this study was provided entirely by grants from the NCI (R01-CA118682, PI Michael A. Diefenbach; T32CA009461, PI Jamie Ostroff; 5R25-CA081137, PI Guy Montgomery). The funding agreement ensured the authors’ independence in designing the study, interpreting the data, writing, and publishing the report. Author contact information: Michael A. Diefenbach, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Urology and Oncological Sciences, Box 1272, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, Michael.diefenbach@mountsinai.org. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Med Decis Making. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 May 01. Published in final edited form as: Med Decis Making. 2015 May ; 35(4): 477–486. doi:10.1177/0272989X14558424. A uhor M anscript
Cellular Antioxidant Activity and Whitening Effects of Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extracts.

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities on HaCaT and the whitening effects on B16F1 melanoma cells of Dendropanax morbifera leaf extract. In an antioxidative activity assay using HaCaT cells, the ethyl acetate () and aglycone fractions () of the D. morbifera leaf extract didn't exhibit any characteristics of cytotoxicity. When HaCaT cells were exposed to a single large dose () of UVB, the extracts protected the cells against UVB radiation. When HaCaT cells were treated with 10 mM and rose bengal, the ethyl acetate () and aglycone () fractions protected the cells against oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner. When the whitening effects of D. morbifera leaf extract were tested in melanoma B16/F1 cells treated with the a-melanocyte stimulating hormone (-MSH), the extracts inhibited -MSH-stimulated intra/extracellular melanogenesis in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of D. morbifera leaf extract were 21% and 44% at , respectively. Both are more effective than arbutin (15% at ) which is known as a whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of the D. morbifera leaf can function as cell protectants and natural antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging and other ROS, and protecting cells against ROS. In addition, fractions of the D. morbifera leaf can be applied to new whitening cosmetics because of their inhibitory effects on -MSH stimulated melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells.
Development of Larvae of the Golden King Crab Lithodes Aequispinus (Anomura: Lithodidae) Reared at Different Temperatures

Unfed lecithotrophic larvae of the golden king crab Lithodes aequispinus were reared at 3, 6, and 9? C in darkness and 33-34 ppt salinity. This study was done to improve our understanding of larval development time and the ability of the larvae to survive under different seasonal thermal conditions. The survival rates and intermolt duration was observed for the first zoeal molt (ZI), second molt (ZII), third molt (ZIII), and glaucothoe (G). The duration from hatching to the start of the first nonlarval stage (crab I) averaged 148, 94, and 75 days at 3, 6, and 9? C, respectively. Development rate for ZI to Crab I versus the rearing temperature was described by the equation: Development period (days) = -35.82 (Rearing Temperature ? C) + 1.96 (0C2) + 238.6; r2 = 0.99. Regardless of stage, every degree increase in temperature reduced the length of the development period by approximately 9%. Survival rates of ZI larvae were typically >97% regardless of temperature. By the completion of the ZII molt 83-87% were still surviving. Survival rates to the end of the ZIII molt at 3? and 6? C were 77% and 75%, but only 65% at 9? C. Within stages there was no significant difference in survival rates for ZI, ZII, or ZIII at the 3 test temperatures. The survival rate through the glaucothoe stage was 47% and 51% for larvae reared at 3? and 6? C, respectively, while only 16% of those at 9? C survived to Crab I. There was no significant difference in the percentage of glaucothoe surviving at 3, 6, and 9? C. The golden king crab Lithodes aequispinus Benedict accounts for about 50% of all king crab landings in western Alaska (Otto, 1990) and because of its value there is interest in developing a sound biological basis for management (Shirley and Zhou, 1997; Adams and Paul, 1999). The larvae are large (ZI = 7 mm) nonfeeding organisms that in captivity exhibit both planktonic and benthic habits (Shirley and Zhou, 1997; Adams and Paul, 1999). Since juveniles are found geographically separated from adults, it has been hypothesized that the larvae are planktonic (Hiramoto, 1985; Sloan, 1985; Blau et al., 1996). Much of their habitat is in remote sites where temperatures of the water column are not monitored. In the bays of the North Pacific, juveniles live at 30 ZI were present. A total of 240 larvae were used in the study, 30 collected from each of the 8 females. The 30 larvae from each female were divided into 3 lots of 10 each. Each lot of 10 larvae was
probabilistic undirected graphical model

: In order to solve the problem that the preference of the traditional aﬃnity propagation clustering algorithm is diﬃcult to choose and the number of generate clusters is likely to be overmuch, an aﬃnity propagation clustering method based on the probabilistic undirected graph model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the probabilistic undirected graph model is constructed for sample data, while the probability density is calculated for each sample data by maximum clique and potential function. Then the probability density as a priori clustering knowledge is put into the preference of the aﬃnity propagation algorithm to improve its eﬃciency. The clustering accuracy of the algorithm is further promoted by using the Gauss noise reduction and cluster merging method. Experimental results on the UCI data sets show better clustering eﬃciency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm against several other similar algorithms.
THE COST OF BEING APPREHENDED FISHING ILLEGALLY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES

We present a conceptual model for the analysis of the costs and benefit aspects of the risk inherent in IUU activity. We then proceed to develop and present a map of IUU incidences as reported in the Fisheries Centre’s Sea Around Us project IUU global database. This map shows that IUU activities are quite widespread geographically. We next present an analysis of the cost and benefit aspects of risks of IUU fishing. A number of interesting results emerged from this analysis, including the result that for the cases analyzed as a group even a high probability of being apprehended will not change the current favorable calculation of the potential net benefits of IUU fishing activities. Finally, we discuss three case studies using our conceptual framework, which allowed us to make some valuable deductions.
Enhancing Cultural Humility for Sexual and Gender Minorities within an Inpatient Mental Health Hospital: A Quality Improvement Project

s were reviewed to include articles with highest level of evidence available; qualitative studies and opinion articles were excluded. This yielded four relevant studies. Cochrane Library was searched utilizing the same MeSH terms which yielded no results. MeSH terms were decreased to search this database using only Cultural competency and Education which yielded six results. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevancy which produced one result. Finally, Web of Science was searched using all three MeSH terms with publications in English in the past five years which yielded nine results, eight which were not relevant and one which was duplicate from PubMed search. 11 ENHANCING CULTURAL HUMILITY The MeSH terms were then decreased to only Cultural competency and Education in this database which yielded 763 articles. This was further refined to include articles relevant to nursing or psychiatry which decreased the results to 85 articles. The titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevancy. Qualitative studies and opinion articles were excluded to include articles with highest level of evidence available, ten studies were obtained and reviewed. Four studies from PubMed, two studies from Cochrane Library, and ten studies from Web of Science make a total of 15 studies that were reviewed completely. After review of the 15 studies, one was excluded as it pertained to cultural competence enhancement by international immersion experience which is irrelevant, another was excluded because of qualitative design, one was excluded as it studied cultural competence of faculty in relation to students, and one was excluded as the intervention strictly pertained to end of life care. Ultimately, 11 studies were included in the review of literature.
Trabajo Fin de Máster

The proposed work is about the design of metasurfaces to work as sensing devices in the terahertz band, for the detection of very thin films. Firstly, a deep simulation study of the behavior of some metasurfaces and its performance as sensors, using the commercial software CST Microwave Studio has been performed. Two kind of structures have been studied: a labyrinth shaped metasurface with an intricate geometry, and two different hole array metasurfaces with different substrate thicknesses, in order to control de appearance of the anomalous extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) resonance, and make a comparison between the regular and the anomalous EOT. Parametric studies have been carried out varying the film thickness deposited on each structure. After an initial statistical analysis, an experimental study has been carried out, showing a good agreement with the numerical results. These results demonstrate the excellent performance of these kind of structures in practical thin-film sensing platforms, improving the results found in the literature. Resumen El trabajo propuesto trata sobre el diseño de metasuperficies en la banda de los terahercios para su uso como sensores de películas muy delgadas. En primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio profundo de simulación de varias metasuperficies y de su actuación como sensores, mediante el software comercial CST Microwave Studio. Se han estudiado dos tipos de estructuras: una metasuperficie “laberinto”, con una compleja geometría, y dos “hole arrays” con distintos grosores de substrato, con el objetivo de controlar la aparición de la resonancia correspondiente a la transmisión óptica extraordinaria (EOT), y hacer una comparación entre la EOT regular y la anómala. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio paramétrico variando el grosor de la película depositada en cada estructura. Una vez realizado el estudio estadístico, se ha procedido a realizar un estudio experimental, que muestra un buen acuerdo con los resultados de simulación. Estos resultados demuestran la excelente actuación de este tipo de estructuras en el sensado de películas delgadas, mejorando los resultados presentes en la literatura.
Fighting games and Go: Exploring the aesthetics of play in professional gaming

This paper examines the varied cultural meanings of computer game play in competitive and professional computer gaming and live-streaming. To do so it riffs off Andrew Feenberg’s 1994 work exploring the changing meanings of the ancient board game of Go in mid-century Japan. We argue that whereas Go saw a de-aestheticization with the growth of newspaper reporting and a new breed of “Westernized” player, the rise of professionalized computer gameplay has upset this trend, causing a re-aestheticization of professional game competition as a result of the many informal elements that contribute to the successes, and public perceptions, of professional players. In doing so we open up the consideration of the aesthetics of broadcasted gameplay, how they reflect back upon the players and the game, and locate this shift historically and culturally within the last two decades of computer games as a creative industry, entertainment industry, a media form, and as an
Population Dynamics of Waterhyacinth and the Biological Control Agent Neochetina eichhorniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at a Southeast Texas Location

Population dynamics of waterhyacinth, Eichhomia crassipes ((Martinus) Solms-Laubach), and a biological control agent, the weevil Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner), were quantified at a site in Wallisville, Tex. , during 1987 and 1988. A decline of waterhyacinth occurred that was most pronounced during the 1988 growing season. Changes included decreases in (1) living above water biomass/m2 (≍−57%), (2) living below water biomass/m2 (≍−39%), (3) number of living leaves/plant (≍−50%), and (4) weight/plant (−40%). Associated with these decreases was a 1.5-fold increase in plant density. The waterhyacinth was severely damaged by N. eichhorniae . Highest numbers of N. eichhorniae adults (>55 weevils/m2) occurred in samples collected 15 September 1987. Decreases in the number of weevils for both sexes followed. Declines approached 8 weevils/m2 per month for the following 5 mo. Numbers of pupae per square meter decreased during 1987 by 7.3 pupae/m2 per month. Larval density increased during the winter months with highest larval density noted during December and January. This peak was followed by decreases in third instars of ≍80%. Increases in the number of adults and third instars occurred during the 1988 growing season, however, pupal density remained low (near 0) thereafter. Environmental factors that contributed to the waterhyacinth declines included a drought, nutrient conditions, intermittent freezing temperatures, as well as sustained N. eichhorniae herbivory.
Digestible lysine requirement for growing Japanese quails

Abstract A total of 1,000 one-day-old Japanese quails were distributed at random, with 5 digestible lysine levels, in 10 replicates and with 20 birds per experimental unit. The basal diet was formulated based on corn and soybean, with 200.6 g CP/kg, 2900.00 kcal/kg ME, and 8.8 g digestible lysine/kg. This basal diet was supplemented with L-lysine HCl (784 g/kg), replacing glutamic acid, and corresponding to digestible lysine levels of 8.8 g/kg, 9.8 g/kg, 10.8 g/kg, 11.8 g/kg, and 12.8 g/kg. The increase in the levels of digestible lysine produced a greater weight gain in birds with up to 12.2 and 12.1 g of lysine/kg at 40 d of age. Carcass weight increased as levels were increased to up to 11.85 g of lysine/kg, and, similarly, egg production per bird housed increased up to 12.03 g of lysine/kg. A linear increase took place in the growing phase for feathering, fat, and crude protein deposits in the carcass, feed intake, and lysine intake. Egg production and egg mass per bird per d increased linearly in the laying phase with the weight gain of birds decreasing linearly until 100 d of age, and, similarly, the feed conversion per egg mass linearly improved in function of the lysine levels. A level of 11.85 g of digestible lysine/kg in the diet, which corresponded to a lysine intake of 120.5 mg/bird/d, provided better carcass weight at the end of the growing phase and better performance at the beginning of the laying phase for the Japanese quails.
Damage done by the great earthquake disaster of the Hanshin . Awaji district to the Kobe municipal subway system and restoration works of the damage

The Kobe Municipal Subway System suffered its firts serious damage to underground structures at Shin-nagata Station, Kamisawa Station and San-nomiya Station, which were struck by disastrous earthquake, and intermediate columns in RC box culvert were damaged. However, as almost all facilities indispensable for train operation such as electrical facilities, permanent way, and rollingstock were fortunately not damaged, train service could be resumed as soon as temporary repairs of the earthquake-stricken intermediate columns were finished. Then, reinforcement works of the intermediate columns, which are one of the structural members of frame work, were performed by winidng steel plate coverings round them while operating trains for revenue service. After a lapse of about one year, all the restoration works could be completed.
Policy Iteration with Gaussian Process based Value Function Approximation

—In this work, we explore the use of Gaussian processes (GP) as function approximators for Reinforcement Learning (RL), and build estimates of the value function and Q-function using GPs. Such a representation allows us to learn Q-functions, and thereby policies, conditioned on uncertainty in the system dynamics, and can be useful in sample efﬁciently transferring policies learned in simulation to hardware. We use two approaches GPTD and GPSARSA, from Engel et al. [1] to build approximate value functions and Q-functions, respectively. While for simple, continuous problems, we found these to be effective at approximating the value function and the Q-function, for discontinuous landscapes GPSARSA deteriorates in performance, even on simple problems. As the problem complexity increases, for example, for an inverted pendulum, we ﬁnd that both approaches are extremely sensitive to the GP hyperparameters, and do not scale well. We experiment with a sparse variant of the algorithm, but ﬁnd that GPSARSA still converges to poor solutions. Our experiments show that while GPTD and GPSARSA are nice theoretical formulations, they are not suitable for complex domains without extensive hyperparameter tuning.
MODELLING AND RESTORATION OF BIGHORN SHEEP HABITAT WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO KOOTENAY NATIONAL PARK, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Native open forest and grassland habitats are gradually being eroded in British Columbia as a result of forest encroachment, urban development and non-native plant invasions. In the Radium Hot Springs area, located at the southern end of Kootenay National Park (KNP), such habitats provide critical wintering range for bighorn sheep and other species. In this paper, we present an ongoing multi-faceted, ecosystem-based initiative aimed at restoring open forest and grassland habitats as well as ensuring seasonal habitat connectivity for species that depend on these habitats. The first part of the project consisted of a GIS-based modelling exercise completed by M. Tremblay in 2001. Tremblay incorporated information from the literature, key informant interviews and personal observations into a spatially explicit model of potential linkages between seasonal habitats for bighorn sheep. Tremblay’s modelling work and accompanying management recommendations served as a basis for a multi-year ecosystem management project initiated by Parks Canada for the south end of KNP. This project, which is part of a broader cooperative, multi-stakeholder effort to restore grassland and open ecosystems in the Columbia Valley, has included a number of restoration activities to date, namely: 1) the selective harvest and brushing, from 2001 to 2003, of parcels of federal and provincial land located within and adjacent to KNP and 2) the removal, in 2001, of three sets of privately owned commercial accommodations from the Sinclair Creek Canyon located within KNP. Subsequent prescribed burn activity is planned to help meet restoration objectives and to maintain open habitat types. In January 2002 a research and monitoring project began with ten adult bighorn sheep (7 ewes and 3 rams) fitted with GPS radio collars. This work will identify future restoration priorities, allow evaluation of completed habitat restoration efforts and provide validation of Tremblay's modelling work.