Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Entrepreneurship - false premises and dangerous forebodings

As a reaction against neo-liberalism, Social Entrepreneurship has been promoted as the solution to welfare problems brought about by social change and persistent unemployment. The Social Entrepreneurship Movement (SEM) proposes the reconstruction of welfare by building social partnerships between the public, social and business sectors. Major aspects of this agenda include non-profit organisations undertaking entrepreneurial ventures and the pooling of government welfare funding under the control of local communities. In this paper we argue that the SEM literature is based on two false premises: the failure to understand the true causes of mass unemployment, and the assumption that the government faces nancial constraints in the provision of welfare services. We also argue that implementation of the SEM proposals would erode the rights- based eligibility to universal welfare services based on the principle of social justice. We also conclude that the SEM is indistinguishable from neo-liberalism and as such does not represent a viable solution to unemployment and the welfare needs that accompany it.
INFLUENCING FACTORS, EFFECTS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT OF SOIL SOLARIZATION

Soil-borne diseases are one of the major constraints in the production of many economically important crops, especially vegetables and ornamentals. In the past decades, soil fumigants (such as methyl bromide) were the most common approach to control soil-borne diseases. However, such chemical treatments caused environmental hazards; thus, nonchemical soil disinfection methods are being widely pursued in recent years. Among these, soil solarization is one of the most promising methods to control soil-borne diseases. Soil temperature, mulching materials, soil moisture, and climatic conditions are the critical factors that affect the disinfection efficiency. In addition, other factors, for example, soil type; soil color; airtight state of glasshouse; etc. also influence the efficiency. Soil solarization controls soil-borne pests and diseases, nematodes, and weeds, and also influences soil properties and plant growth and yield. Although there are many merits for soil solarization, it also has significant limitations, for example, the relatively long duration of the process, the dependency on climatic conditions, inconsistencies in controlling high-tolerant pests, and problems related to used plastic film disposal. In order to increase treatment efficacy and predictability, integration of solarization with other disinfestation methods is recommended.
Role of Health Technology Assessment in Pharmaceutical Market Access in Developed Countries

Introduction and use of a health technology in a health care setting has clinical, economic, as well as organizational, social-cultural, legal and ethical impacts. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a multidisciplinary field that addresses these impacts, considering healthcare context as well as available alternatives. HTA mainly aims to inform policy and clinical decision making. While systematically evaluating the effects of the health technology, HTA addresses direct and intended effects as well as the indirect and unintended effects. It is a multidisciplinary field with well-developed systematic processes and methods
Age at Preschool Entrance and Noncognitive Skills before School - An Instrumental Variable Approach

We estimate the effect of age at preschool entrance on crucial noncognitive skills in the year before school starts. Using an instrumental variable approach and exploiting cut-off dates for the time at preschool entrance we find that children entering preschool earlier in life have better noncognitive skills in terms of being more assertive and being more able to form friendships. Hence, our results offer general empirical evidence for the non-linearity in the skill formation process. Moreover they show that entering preschool at an early age is an important prerequisite for the development of social school readiness.
Accounting Practices of Small and Medium Enterprises in Rangpur, Bangladesh

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine and evaluate the current status of adopting and implementing the accounting system and practices of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Rangpur region as well as to analyze the extent to which accounting information is being used in measuring financial performance by SMEs with limitations. Approach: This empirical study is based on the primary (face to face interview and interview over the phone using questionnaire) and secondary (Various book, published research papers, websites, statistical report of BBS and annual report of BB) sources of data where total selected sample 30 enterprises out of sample population 66 enterprises. Different statistical tools (hypothesis testing, co-relation analysis and Chi-Square test) are used to analyze and find the result of the study. The designated measures of accounting system are records of document, financial statement, audited financial statement, accounting methods, accounting basis, quality of accounting information and entrepreneur having accounting knowledge. Findings: The findings of the study reveal that only 20% of enterprises follow the accounting system directly and the other 80% of the enterprises follow the accounting system indirectly. Correlation analysis signposted that among the seven selected independent variables keep accounting records, prepare financial statement, quality information and basis of accounting had significant positive relationships with the accounting system. Null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted. So the result showed that SMEs of Rangpur follow accounting system directly or indirectly. The study found that out of 30 enterprises, 10 SMEs enterprises prepared income statement, 14 SMEs prepared cash flow statement and 6 SMEs prepared all statements. Originality/Value: This paper provides useful information to the concerned authority (Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, SME foundation of Bangladesh) as well as other stakeholders including SMEs owners, researchers and accounting practitioners who are directly or indirectly involved in SMEs.
Peer risk and protective factors in adolescence: Implications for drug use prevention

Evidence-based practice guidelines for drug use prevention with adolescents propose focusing on increasing protective factors and reducing risk factors associated with drug use. The present article reports on a qualitative study undertaken with 10 adolescent drug users and 29 non-users from a historically marginalised community in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The findings reveal peer risk and protective factors associated with drug use, and offer recommendations for how protective factors can be increased and peer risk factors mobilised as protective mechanisms and sources for promoting resilience in drug use prevention among adolescents.
How Can Linguistics Help to Structure a Multidisciplinary Neo Domain such as Exobiology ?

This chapter examines the contribution that corpus linguistics can make towards stabilising definitions within exobiology. By using the clues provided by natural language processing tools, linguists build an interpretation of contexts and try to show how the meaning is constructed, taking into account the different points of view of the disciplines involved in exobiology. Examples of contextualised interpretations are proposed.
IMPORTANCE OF DECISION QUALITY IN BREAST CANCER

Background: In breast cancer, treatment decisions are challenging as patients, their families and providers need to sort through an ever expanding array of options for surgery, radiation, reconstruction and systemic therapy. Objective: To describe efficacy and effectiveness of interventions designed to improve decision quality in breast cancer care. Methods: We describe the competencies required of providers and patients to engage in shared decision making, and then present interventions and metrics that have been shown to improve the quality of medical treatment decisions. A case study illustrates how decision support tools have been implemented in a cancer center in the United States. Results: Patients and providers face multiple decisions after a breast cancer diagnosis and too often these decisions are made without patients having adequate information or involvement. Decision aids, prompt sheets and consultation recordings have been shown to improve the quality of decisions by increasing knowledge, reducing decision conflict and improving communication. These tools have been successfully integrated in a variety of cancer centers, but require some resources and infrastructure to make it work. Conclusions: Patients, their families and providers need to work together to select cancer treatments. These interactions are complex and can be improved through the implementation of decision support. Resumen Antecedentes: En cáncer de mama, las decisiones de tratamiento son difíciles ya que los pacientes, sus familias y los proveedores necesitan elegir entre una gama cada vez mayor de opciones de cirugía, radioterapia, reconstrucción y terapia sistémica. Objetivo: Describir la eficacia y la efectividad de las intervenciones diseñadas para mejorar la calidad de la decisión en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. Métodos: Se describen las competencias requeridas de los proveedores y los pacientes para comprometerse en la toma de decisiones compartida. A continuación presentamos las intervenciones e instrumentos que han demostrado mejorar la calidad de las decisiones de los tratamientos médicos. Un estudio de caso ilustra cómo las herramientas de apoyo a las decisiones se han llevado a cabo en un centro oncológico en los Estados Unidos. Resultados: Los pacientes y los proveedores se enfrentan a múltiples decisiones después de un diagnóstico de cáncer de mama y con demasiada frecuencia estas decisiones se hacen sin que los pacientes tengan una adecuada información o participación. Las ayudas a la decisión, las hojas y los registros de la consulta se han demostrado que mejoran la calidad de las decisiones, al aumentar el conocimiento, reducir el conflicto decisional y mejorar la comunicación. Estas herramientas se han integrado con éxito en una variedad de centros oncológicos, pero para su adecuado funcionamiento requieren de determinados recursos e infraestructura. 314 Karen R. Sepucha et al.
EFFECT OF ANTANAN (CENTELLA ASIATICA) AND VITAMIN C ON THE BURSA OF FABRICIUS, LIVER MALONALDEHIDE AND PERFORMANCE OF HEAT-STRESSED BROILERS

High environmental temperatures may cause heat stress in poultry. This may increase water consumption, decrease feed consumption and in rum, decrease productivity level. In addition, high temperature contributes to oxidative stress, a condition where oxidant activity (free radicals) exceeds antioxidant activity. In our research, antanan (Centelta asiatica) and vitamin C were utilized as anti heat-stress agents for heat-stressed broilers. We used 120 male broilers 2 - 6 weeks old, kept at 31.98 ± 1.94 °C during the day and 27.36 ± 1.31 °C at night. The data collected were analyzed with a completely randomized factorial design of 2 x 3 (2 levels of vitamin C, 3 levels of antanan at 4 replications) and continued with the contrast-orthogonal test when significantly different. The results indicate that the treatments of 5 and 10% of antanan with or without 500 ppm of vitamin C and vitamin C alone significantly (P decreased the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and liver malonaldchydc (MDA). These treatments, however, significantly (P concluded that basal ration administered with 5% antanan and 500 ppm vitamin C could effectively prevent broilers from heat stress. The results support the conclusion that a basal ration supplemented with 5% antanan and 500 ppm of vitamin C or their combinations, effectivelly reduces heat stress in broilers. Key words : Heat stress/ Centella asiatica I Vitamin C
The life-cycle, population dynamics and host specificity of a parasite of Heterodera avenae, similar to Pasteuria penetrans.

SUMMARY The occurrence of a population of Pasteuria, similar to Pasteuria penetrans, and possibly a new species, parasitic on Heterodera avenue in a cereal-cyst nematode suppressive soil, is reported. The life-cycle was respicted to the H. avenue second-stage juvenile, and prevented such infected juveniles from invadmg plant roots. Between March and July, 38-56 ? h of the juveniles present in the soil had between one and five spores adhering to their cuticles; microcolonies could be seen in the juveniles as early as April, however, mature spores were not recorded until July. Developing females, and cysts extracted from plant roots were not infected by the bacterium. The suppressive soil also contained juveniles and adults of Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus infected with Pasteuria. Although the spores adhering to, and within, al1 three nematode species were approximately the same size, between 4 and 5 Pm, it was not clear whether or not the Pasteuria population was either a single or a mixed population. Host specificity studies with spores extracted from the juveniles of H. avenue showed that it adhered to the cuticles of schachtii, H. glycines, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida and Meloidogyne javanica. Attempts to bait soil by adding these nematodes failed to result in the infection of females. It is reported the soil contained approximately 7 x IO3 spores per gram as evaluated using differential centrifugation.
The Envelope of Artinian Modules over Commutative Rings

The concept of covers of a (Notherian) module over a commutative (non-trivial) ring with identity introduced in [1]. J. Chaui in [1] presented some applications of the covers, such as Nakayama’s Lemma, Krull’s Theorem for Jaconson radicals, etc. Here, we introduce the dual of the above mentioned notion, which we call it the envelope of a module. Then, as application we generalize some known results of Artinian modules lover commutative rings) such as union theorem, Nakayama’s Lemma etc.
IV.I.16 Atomistic Mechanisms of Metal-Assisted Hydrogen Storage in Nanostructured Carbon

The goal of this project is to establish the scientific basis for designing the building blocks of carbonbased adsorbents that enable synergistic metal-carbon interactions, leading to enhanced hydrogen uptake at near-ambient temperatures. Our preliminary results suggest that addition of transition metal catalysts to nanoporous carbons with controlled nanoscale structure and porosity results in enhanced H2 adsorption. This appears to result from as yet poorly understood atomic-scale interactions between molecular H2, metal particles, and carbon with proper nanostructures. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that uptake may be significantly increased if sufficient control of the structure can be attained. To optimize the design of such nanostructure, it is essential to develop atomistic models that realistically describe isotropic nanoporous carbons and to gain fundamental understanding, at the atomic and molecular level, of hydrogen interactions within metal-doped carbons. The project is focused on three specific aims: (1) modeling and characterization of medium-range order in partially amorphous – partially graphitic structures of nanoporous carbons; (2) understanding the mechanism of molecular activation of H2 by metal particles; and (3) elucidation of the energetics and dynamics of hydrogen species confined in the molecular space of pureand metaldoped nanoporous carbons.
Indication of a Universal Persistence Law Governing Atmospheric Variability

We study the temporal correlations in the atmospheric variability by 14 meteorological stations around the globe, the variations of the daily maximum temperatures from their average values. We apply several methods that can systematically overcome possible nonstationarities in the data. We find that the persistence, characterized by the correlation C(s) of temperature variations separated by s days, approximately decays $C(s)\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, with roughly the same exponent $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\cong}0.7$ for all stations considered. The range of this universal persistence law seems to exceed one decade, and is possibly even larger than the range of the temperature series considered.
Socioeconomic Factors and Water Quality in California Y

We investigate the relationships between water quality and socioeconomic factors in California at the county level for the years 1993 to 2006 using 24 water quality indicators coming from seven different types of water bodies. We estimate these relationships using three classes of models: the traditional per capita income-pollution level -Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)specifications, a more inclusive model containing main socioeconomic variables such as agricultural intensity, land use, ethnic composition, population density and educational attainment, and a model that includes the socioeconomic variables while accounting for spatial correlations too. For most water quality indicators, we do not find support for EKC specifications. For pollutants like phosphorus and total suspended solids, the level of agricultural activity is a significant determinant of water quality in California, but for other surface water pollutants commonly considered agricultural pollutants, such as ammonia and nitrate, the level of agricultural activity is not statistically significant. We find that education, ethnic composition, age structure, land use, population density, and water area are all significantly correlated with various indicators of water quality.
Screening of local and improved bean varieties for resistance to halo blight disease

The study was conducted to screen local and improved bean varieties for resistance to halo blight disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. A total of eight improved (Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) 90, Rojo, Zawadi, Mshindi) and local (Mwasipenjele, Masusu, Kabhaya, Mabula) bean varieties were collected from breeders at SUA and farmers at Ileje district in Songwe region. Isolation of P. syringae pv phaseolicola from bean seeds was conducted using Liquid Assay method. Results indicated that, bacterial isolate L1 from local bean variety Mwikala produced similar characteristics as those obtained from reference strain of P. syringae pv phaseolicola in the biochemical and pathogenicity tests on host plants. Using bacterial isolate L1, there was significance difference (P < 0.05) on incidence and severity of halo blight disease. The highest disease incidence had (89%) was on local bean variety Mabula, while the lowest had (67%) was on improved varieties Zawadi and Mshindi. Disease severity of improved varieties zawadi and mshindi when compared with other varieties were at low severity (disease score 4). It was concluded that the Zawadi and Mshindi were less susceptible to halo blight disease. This study needs to be repeated if same results were obtained aside these two improved varieties (Zawadi and Mshindi) of bean which could be recommended to farmers. Key words: Assay, incidence, inoculum, isolate, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, disease severity.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO MOMENTUM ANOMALY: EVIDENCE FROM THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

This study set out to investigate further evidence on momentum anomaly at the NSE. Part of the study involved decomposing momentum profits based on firm size and testing for the influence of FF three-factor model. At the beginning of each month t the stocks are ranked in ascending order based on their cumulated returns over the previous J months where J is 3, 6. 9 or 12. Based on the rankings, the stocks are assigned to one of three terciles. The portfolios are then held for the next K months, where K is 3, 6, 9 or 12. t-statistics are then used to test the hypothesis. The six month formation strategy outperforms all other strategies irrespective of the holding period. All the zero cost strategies yield positive returns which are statistically significant except the 12-month/12-month strategy. The best performing strategy is the 6month/3-month which gives an average monthly return of 1.62 %. The 6-month/6-month strategy is used to decompose momentum profits based on firm size. The smallest firms generate the lowest abnormal returns, while the largest firms generate lower abnormal returns compared to medium firms. Time series regressions show that the FF three-factor model does not influence momentum profits.
Estimation of Iron concentration by using a support vector machineand an artificial neural network - the case study of the Choghart deposit southeast of Yazd, Yazd, Iran

Estimation of the metal value in the metallic deposits is one of the important factors to evaluate the deposits in exploration studies andmineral processing. Therefore, one accurate estimator is essential to obtain a fine insight into the accumulation of the ore body. Thereare geostatistical methods for the estimation of the concentration of iron which performance of these models is complexity of analysis.The support vector machine (SVM) is by far one of the most robust artificial intelligence techniques used successfully for predictionsand estimations of deposits because of its ability to generalize. Keeping this is view, the aim of this article is to use the SVM and backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) to estimate the concentration of the iron element in the Choghartdeposit, in Iran. Comparing theobtained results with those of the validation process demonstrates that the SVM method is faster than the BPNN method and is moreprecise for the estimation of the iron concentration in the Choghartmine. The results of this study show that artificial intelligence–based models can evaluate the iron concentration with an acceptable accuracy.
Recommendations of the Polish Society of Physiotherapy, Polish Society of Family Medicine and the College of Family Physicians in Poland in the scope of physiotherapy in the painful shoulder syndrome in primary healthcare

the objective of these guidelines in the scope of physiotherapy in primary healthcare is to suggest simple, uncomplicated and more cost-effective physiotherapeutic activities in patients experiencing pain due to painful shoulder syndrome. a general practitioner should decide whether the treatment undertaken within primary healthcare, including the process of physiotherapy, is effective and sufficient, or whether it requires more advanced activities, such as advanced diagnostics and further specialist treatment. the authors of the recommendations, apart from massage, also include procedures in the scope of kinesiotherapy, physiotherapy and orthopedic equipment. according to the authors, the aim of recovering the correct spatial system, called structural homeostasis, in the shoulder girdle, is, first of all, normalization of muscle tension and then inclusion in a rehabilitation program covering the methods to recover and consolidate the correct models of motor activity. the starting point for determining a rehabilitation program should be the ability to prepare a simple assessment of the patient’s condition. this may result from a palpation examination to determine the incorrect distribution of resting tension in the area of the muscles and tendons engaged in the pathology and causing pain. the authors believe that such a solution contains the key to reducing the costs of treatment, providing access to physical therapists and quick assistance in the scope of improvement of a patient’s clinical condition. at the same time, they emphasize the need to correct the previous healthcare model, so that it becomes a more effective tool in maintaining health. activities in patients experiencing pain due to painful shoulder syndrome.