Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soroterapia intratecal no tétano. Revisão

Tetanus is an important disease in underdeveloped countries. We present a review of literature concerning the use of intrathecal antitoxin in the treatment of tetanus. Historical aspects and the physiopathologic basis for this route of administration of antitoxin are brought up and the efficacy of the uses of heterologous and homologous antitoxin associated or not to systemic antitoxin and steroids is discussed. A great number of clinical studies have been done and many aren't well controlled or conclusive. Others have conflicting results. Homologous antitoxin (TIG) was used by GUPTA 14, in slight cases of tetanus; DIOP-MAR et al5, in Senegal; and LIST22, in Austria, with a reduction of the mortality by the disease when of its intrathecal use. However, BOLOT et al34, in France; SEDAGHATIAN35, and VALKI et al 44,45,46, don't obtain favorable results with intrathecal TIG. The same controversy arises with the use of intrathecal heterologous antitoxin (SAT). GALLAIS et al 10,11,12; SINGH et al38; KESWANI et al21; SANDERS et al32, obtain significantly better results when compared to their control groups, NEEQUAYE et al23; THOMAS et al43; and BHANDARI et al2, find no advantages to the use of this route. There are a number of factors possibly responsible for these differences in results: the intrathecal or systemic use of steroids; the use of homologous or heterologous antitoxin; their dosage and route of administration. The adverse effects due to intrathecal antitoxin are in general slight, however this route of administration should be considered experimental until there is further evidence of its benefit.
Ten-Year Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for French-Door Laminoplasty in the Treatment of Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Objective To analyze the ten-year surgical outcomes and postoperative complications of French-Door laminoplasty (FDL) in the management of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM) and analyze the prognostic factors for FDL in treating MCSM. Methods 64 patients with MCSM, who were operated by FDL, were included in this study and followed up for at least 10 years. Clinical assessments including modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score, age at surgery, preoperative symptom duration, operative time, blood loss and postoperative complications, radiological assessments including Cobb angle, cervical range of motion (ROM), intramedullary signal intensity on T2W MRI, canal narrowing ratio (CNR), and maximum spinal cord compression (MSCC). mJOA score, Cobb angle, cervical ROM, intramedullary signal intensity on T2W MRI, and CNR were assessed before surgery and at the final follow-up. Results The average mJOA score was significantly improved from preoperative 10.32 ± 1.63 points to 15.10 ± 0.62 points at the final follow-up (p < 0.05). The average RR of the mJOA score at the final follow-up was 69.10 ± 7.32%. The cervical Cobb angle and ROM decreased significantly at the final follow-up. Patients with high intramedullary signal intensity of T2W MRI or CNR more than 50% showed a lower RR of the mJOA score. Correlation analysis revealed that preoperative symptom duration and intramedullary signal intensity of T2W MRI, CNR, MSCC, and blood loss were significantly correlated with the RR of the mJOA score. Gender, operative method, and age at surgery were significantly correlated with the preservation rate of ROM. Operative time was significantly correlated with the incidence of axial symptoms. Conclusions The ten-year clinical outcomes of FDL were satisfactory. Higher intramedullary signal intensity of T2W MRI and a greater CNR predicted poorer prognoses.
Activation of Inward Rectifier K+ Channel 2.1 by PDGF-BB in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Protein Kinase A

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) can induce the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We used patch clamp methods to study the effects of PDGF-BB on inward rectifier K+ channel 2.1 (Kir2.1) channels in rat thoracic aorta VSMCs (RASMCs). PDGF-BB (25 ng/mL) increased Kir2.x currents (−11.81 ± 2.47 pA/pF, P < 0.05 vs. CON, n = 10). Ba2+(50 μM) decreased Kir2.x currents (−2.13 ± 0.23 pA/pF, P < 0.05 vs. CON, n = 10), which were promoted by PDGF-BB (−6.98 ± 1.03 pA/pF). PDGF-BB specifically activates Kir2.1 but not Kir2.2 and Kir2.3 channels in HEK-293 cells. The PDGF-BB-induced stimulation of Kir2.1 currents was blocked by the PDGF-BB receptor β (PDGF-BBRβ) inhibitor AG1295 and was not affected by the PDGF-BBRα inhibitor AG1296. The PDGF-BB-induced stimulation of Kir2.1 currents was blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-8-CPT-cAMPs; however, the antagonist of protein kinase B (GSK690693) had marginal effects on current activity. The PDGF-BB-induced stimulation of Kir2.1 currents was enhanced by forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator, and was blocked by the AC inhibitor SQ22536. We conclude that PDGF-BB increases Kir2.1 currents via PDGF-BBRβ through activation of cAMP-PKA signaling in RASMCs.
Purification and characterization of a thermostable class II fumarase from Thermus thermophilus.

A thermostable fumarase was purified from a strain of Thermus thermophilus isolated from a Japanese hot spring. The maximum specific activity of the purified enzyme was 1740 units/mg at pH 8.0 and 85 degreesC. The enzyme was composed of four identical subunits with a molecular weight of 46,000 and displayed other enzymatic characteristics which are common to the class II fumarases. The thermal stability of the purified enzyme was remarkable, with over 80% of the activity remaining after a 24-h incubation at 90 degreesC. The enzyme was also resistant to chemical denaturants; 50% of the initial specific activity was detected in assay mixtures containing 0.8 M guanidine hydrochloride. The purified enzyme shared an extremely high sequence homology with Thermus aquaticus fumarase and Bacillus subtilis fumarase in the first 43 amino acid residues.
Short‐term experimental acidification of a Welsh stream: comparing the biological effects of hydrogen ions and aluminium

SUMMARY. 1. A soft-water stream iti upland Wales was dosed with sulphuric acid and aluminiutn sulphate at two successive points to create sitnultaneous episodes of low pH, and low pH with increased aluminiutn. Chemical atid biological responses were measured before, during and after the episode and were compared with a reference zone. 2. The pH fell frotn ∼7.0 to 4.28 (±0.18 SD) and 5.02 (±0.10) respectively in the acid and aluminium zones. Corresponding aluminium concentrations during the episode were 0.052 g Al m−3 (±0.008) and 0.347 g Al nr3 (±0.047), the former not differing significantly from the reference zone. The concentration of cadmium rose to 0.002- 0.011 g Cd m−3in both treated areas, but the concentrations of other metals were unchanged. 3. In situ toxicity tests were performed with macroinvertebrates and fish. Chironomus riparius. Hydropsyche angustipennis and Dinocras cephalotes suffered no mortality. Ecdyonurus venosus, Baetis rhodani and Gammarus pulex showed up to 25% mortality in both treatment zones and further mortalities occurred after the episode. Brown trout Salmo trutta and salmon Valmo salar s howed 7–10% mortality in the acid zone, but 50–87% in the aluminium zone, where salmon had a significantly shorter LT50than trout. 4. The drift of Simuliidae increased during treatment in both acid and aluminium zones. Drift densities of Dixa puherula, Protonemura meyeri, Ephemeralla ignita and Dicranota sp. increased in the aluminium zone. The most pronounced response was by Baetis rhodani in the aluminium zone where drift density increased by ×8.4 during the episode. 5. Baetis rhodani was the only taxon to show a significant decline in benthic density during the treatment, and then only in the aluminium zone. Drift could account for most of the losses. 6. The depth distribution of invertebrates in the substratum differed between zones following treatment. More individuals were present at the surface of the reference zone (1287 m−2±747) than at the surface of the other zones (<400 m−2); however, densities at greater depths were similar. These patterns probably reflected differences prior to the treatments.
Bacterio-pathological Studies on Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis and Pasteurellosis in Natural and Experimental Infections in Chickens

Bacterio-pathological investigation on 1751 dead chickens during one year period from January to December 2002 at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Gazipur showed that 39.81% (n=697) cases with seven types of different bacteriological diseases of which salmonellosis (n=385), colibacillosis (n=147) and fowl cholera (n=114) were found significantly higher rate of prevalence then staphylococcosis (n=6),Â gangrenous dermatitis (n=17), necrotic enteritis (n=24) and infectious coryza (n=4). Accordingly, avian salmonellosis, colibacillosis and pasteurellosis were selected for detailed investigation. Age wise prevalence of avian salmonellosis showed highest infection rate in adult layers (53.25%) in comparison to brooding (14.55%), growing (16.10%) and pullet (16.10%) chickens. The avian colibacillosis was found widely prevalent in all age groups of chickens (9.52 to 36.73%) with specially high prevalence rate in adult layer birds (36.73%). Fowl cholera was recorded in chickens more than two weeks of age with significantly (p Salmonella pullorum ), avian colibacillosis ( Escherichia coli) and avian pasteurellosis ( Pasteurella multocida) were characterized by bacteriological methods which were also subjected to pathogenicity study in 52-day old broiler chickens. Pathogenicity study showed that the incubation period of these three bacterial diseases were recorded as 96 hours and clinical signs appeared on 4 th day of inoculation and observed that S. pullorum , E. coli and P.Â multocida resulted 100% morbidity in chickens. Key words: Characterization; pathogenicity; salmonellosis; colibacillosis; pasteurellosis; chickens doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1. 1926 Bangl. J. Vet. Med . (2004). 2(1) : 01-08
Farm-level profitability analysis of alternative tillage systems on clay soils

Crop yields, production costs, and net returns for seven alternative conservation tillage (including five reduced tillage and two no-till) treatments were compared with a conventional tillage (CT) treatment for a corn (Zea mays L.) – soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) rotation for two clay soils in southwestern Ontario. There was no significant difference in corn and soybean yields between the CT and the conservation tillage systems at either location, although actual yields tended to be highest for CT management. Tillage treatments that used a common set of machinery for corn and soybean production generated savings in annual machinery costs. Variable costs were lowest for the reduced-tillage treatments and highest for the two no-till treatments due to higher equipment expenditures and additional herbicide requirements. For a given location, there was often no significant difference in net returns between CT and the conservation tillage treatments, although average net returns for the corn–soybean cropping sy.
Molecular phylogeny of the Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota)

The phylogeny of the family Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) was investigated using 65 nuclear ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequences, 63 of which were newly determined. After exclusion of ambiguous alignment, the data set contained 285 variable characters, 212 of which were parsimony-informative. Phylogenetic estimations were performed with maximum parsimony (unweighted and weighted) and maximum likelihood optimality criteria. Four different phylogenetic hypotheses were tested using a parametric bootstrap approach to simulate the expected null distribution of the difference between the globally optimal tree and the best (constrained) tree agreeing with the null hypotheses under unweighted and weighted parsimony, and maximum likelihood: (1) the genus Bacidia is monophyletic; (2) the genus Bacidina is monophyletic; (3) the genus Toninia is monophyletic; and (4) the family Ramalinaceae is monophyletic and distinct from a monophyletic Bacidiaceae. The monophyly of Bacidia, Toninia, and the Ramalinaceae was rejected under all circumstances. Hence, Bacidiaceae is likely to be a younger synonym of Ramalinaceae. The monophyly of Bacidina was not rejected under any optimality criterion. Furthermore, the data set suggests that the Bacidia beckhausii and B. sabuletorum groups are unrelated to Bacidia s. str. , that Megalaria is monophyletic, and that Lecania auct. is polyphyletic.
Statistic Solution for Machine Learning to Analyze Heart Disease Data

Data crawling, collection and analysis have become a popular pillar for the business intelligence of big data analysis which is the latest hot-topic among the research association. Numerous tools and techniques to solve and analyze the structured and unstructured datasets are developing very quickly. The previous studies show the different approaches in the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of multiple machine learning algorithms. But, most of the approaches demand more expert knowledge base information to understand the concepts of given data. In this paper, we modernize the machine learning methods for the effective prediction of heart disease. This work deliberates the detailed process of implementation of our proposed system. The goal of this work is to find a strong and effective machine learning algorithm for disease prediction for the problem; how can doctors get fast and better results for their diagnosis of heart disease. We design a new system for disease prediction using machine learning prediction algorithms (LR, ANN and SVC) by utilizing an effective approach of ETL, OLAP and data mining. The results showed that the best machine learning algorithm is SVC with 92% accuracy for the risk prediction model. We found that subjects at 56-64 years old have a high risk of heart disease, as well as men, have more heart disease rate than women. This proposed study can be favorable for the medical practitioners in the field of healthcare, supportive practice and precautions to the heart disease patients.
Physical properties of milk fat: I. Influence of chemical modification

Summary Interesterification of milk fats resulted in increased softening points, hardness and high melting glycerides (HMG). Increasing the content of trans-unsaturated acyl groups in milk fat resulted in increased softening points and hardness. While the increased solid fat content after interesterification occurred mostly at the higher measuring temperatures, the increase due to isomerization occurred mainly at the lower measuring temperatures. However, in both cases hardness was increased at all measuring temperatures. These results indicate that glyceride structure and trans-unsaturated acyl content influence the physical properties of the solidified fat.
Simulation of Environmental Changes Consdering Sea-level Rise Near a Mega-scale Coastal Dike (Saemangeum [SMG] Dike, Korea)

ABSTRACT Yoo, S. -C. and Suh, S. -W. , 2020. Simulation of environmental changes considering sea-level rise near a mega-scale coastal dike (Saemangeum [SMG] dike, Korea). In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 309–314. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The construction of one of the biggest coastal dikes in Korea, the 33-km long Saemangeum (SMG) dike, was completed in 2006. Coastal environmental changes resulted in tidal asymmetry in the near field (i.e., adjacent to the dike) and the far field (i.e., up to opposite part of the Yellow Sea). Coastal hydrodynamic variations and engineering developments for gate operations (to maintain inner reservoir water quality (WQ) standards) rapidly alter coastal environments. The sea level is expected to rise by 80 cm by the end of this century, and an additional 21.4 cm of seasonal local summer sea level jump will serve as a reversing factor of WQ. This study applied the ADCIRC and EFDC models to simulate regional and local hydrodynamic and WQ changes. The far-field impacts of the SMG will occur continuously till year 2100 along the Chinese coast with M2 mordulation. The target water management level was set to elevation with respect to mean sea level (EL) as -1.5 m, which is very limited in terms of free discharge time for gate operation. According to the tidal excursion and residence time simulations, only 14% of gate operations in a month will be possible compared to the existing all-year-round condition, and only 4% will be exchangeable in summer. It is found that SMG yields alteration of tidal hydrodynamics showing overall de-amplification of ∼10 cm in the Yellow Sea (YS), especially along the west coast of Korea (WCK), as well as a slight amplification of ∼10 cm on the eastern coast of China. In addition, reducing the time for inner discharge because of the rising outer sea level directly influences WQ both in the areas near the gates and the inner water due to the increased residence time. Intensive study including long-term variations in tidal asymmetry and associated morphologies is needed to manage the hydrodynamic and/or WQ changes associated with such mega-scale coastal constructions.
Ganadería y contaminación difusa, implicancias para el sur de Chile

Producto de los tratados de libre comercio firmados por Chile, que auguran la apertura de mercados para la exportacion de productos lacteos y carnicos, se espera que la actividad ganadera del Sur del pais se incremente e intensifique. A pesar del conocimiento tecnico disponible para el incremento de la productividad del rubro, poco se sabe con certeza sobre el impacto ambiental de esta actividad, en especial sobre cursos de agua, a pesar de que los rios y lagos de la region son ademas la base de otras actividades economicas de importancia, como la acuicultura y el turismo. En paises desarrollados se ha demostrado que existe una fuerte relacion causa-efecto entre la actividad ganadera y la polucion difusa de cursos de agua superficiales, en especial de su eutroficacion por altas concentraciones de nitrogeno (N) y fosforo (P). Realizando un analisis de los mecanismos que controlan dichas perdidas, es posible plantear un escenario futuro para la Region de Los Lagos, en el sur de Chile. El mayor uso de insumos, el incremento de la carga animal, la falta de normas de manejo mejoradas y la incorporacion de zonas de mayor pendiente o con implementacion de drenaje artificial a la actividad permiten prever un bajo nivel de eficiencia en el uso del N y P que ingresan como fertilizantes a los sistemas ganaderos de la region, incrementandose sus perdidas y pudiendo generarse con ello la subsecuente eutroficacion de los cursos de agua aledanos.
Longshore Sediment Transport Estimation at Areão Beach (NW Portugal) under Climate Change Scenario

ABSTRACT Fernández-Fernández, S. ; Silva, P.A. ; Ferreira, C.C. , and Carracedo-García, P.E. , 2020. Longshore sediment transport estimation at Areão Beach (NW Portugal) under climate change scenario. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. (Seville, Spain). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 479-483. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The knowledge of longshore sediment transport is essential to understand coastal systems morphological evolution, and consequent erosion/accretion processes. This research is focused on Areão Beach, a groined sandy beach, located southwards of Aveiro Lagoon (NW Portugal). The high energetic wave climate and coastline orientation induce a substantial southward net sediment transport rate. Nevertheless, this transport is interrupted by coastal defense structures resulting in erosion problems downdrift. Future changes in wave and storm climate can alter current patterns of coastal erosion. This contribution aims to characterize the longshore sediment transport rate under a future wave climate scenario. The Delft3D-WAVE module propagated wave spectral data for historical and future, corresponding to climate change scenario RCP8.5. The hydrodynamic parameters (significant wave height, peak wave period and wave direction) were extracted at offshore Areão Beach and linear wave theory was applied to obtain significant wave height and wave direction at breaking point. Then, CERC empirical sediment transport formula re-evaluated in 2013 was used to estimate longshore sediment transport values. The results disclose a change in the magnitude of longshore sediment transport and an intensification of northwards transport in the future. These findings can contribute for an adequate decision-making regarding beach erosion management.
Emotional expressions of non-humanoid urban robots: the role of contextual aspects on interpretations

Self-moving robots may soon be ubiquitous in urban spaces, thereby enabling a wide range of use cases. To increase their social acceptance, previous work has explored how non-humanoid robots can express emotional states through various modalities, such as lights and movement. However, the majority of research has been carried out in controlled lab experiments, raising questions about their ecological validity. In this work, we present the design of emotional expressions for an urban robot via low-resolution lighting patterns and motion cues. We present an in-the-wild evaluation using questionnaires and interviews (N=72). Our findings suggest that a range of contextual aspects can influence the perception of the robot and its emotional expressions, such as overall choreography and interactional context, immediate impact of the environment, coupled with people's own emotions and past experiences. Our analysis thus outlines challenges and provides guidance for designers and researchers working with urban robots.
Improved Cascade R-CNN for Medical Images of Pulmonary Nodules Detection Combining Dilated HRNet

Using Computer-aided Diagnostic (CAD) to analyze medical images is currently a focused area, and deep learning is widely used in the detection of pulmonary nodules in medical imaging. Current detection algorithms are effective in detecting large pulmonary nodules, but their detection effect on small nodules and micro-nodules is not ideal. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses high-resolution network (HRNet) as the backbone network of Cascade R-CNN to improve its detection accuracy on small targets. HRNet can preserve the information of small target nodules in the feature map with high resolution and obtain a finegrained feature map for the detection task. This paper also combines dilated convolution with HRNet and proposes an improved HRNet named dilated HRNet. Experiments on the LIDC-IDRI dataset show that the improved Cascade R-CNN increases the detection accuracy of pulmonary nodules, especially on small nodules.
Addition of free fatty acids to improve the flavour and to accelerate the ripening of Domiati cheese made from reconstituted milk

In Egypt, reconstituted milk is commonly used for Domiati cheese manufacture, which results in cheese with a cooked flavour. It is suggested that this might be masked and the flavour improved by using some free fatty acids (FFA) (Willart & Sjostrom, 1959). Baltadzhieva (1967) observed that valeric and propionic acids were among the FFA present in cephalotyre cheese and Singh & Tuckey (1968) reported that hydrolysis of fat to a concentration of 10-20 /imol FFA/g cheese solids and presence of isovaleric acid were necessary for typical flavour development of Limburger cheese. The present work was planned to study the effect of the addition of acetic, propionic and valeric acids in masking cooked flavour and improving the flavour quality of Domiati cheese made from reconstituted milk.