Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

ABSTRACT About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.
Antitermination by GlpP, catabolite repression via CcpA and inducer exclusion triggered by P~GlpK dephosphorylation control Bacillus subtilis glpFK expression

The Bacillus subtilis glpFK operon encoding the glycerol transport facilitator (GlpF) and glycerol kinase (GlpK) is induced by glycerol‐3‐P and repressed by rapidly metabolizable sugars. Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) of glpFK is partly mediated via a catabolite response element cre preceding glpFK. This operator site is recognized by the catabolite control protein A (CcpA) in complex with one of its co‐repressors, P‐Ser‐HPr or P‐Ser‐Crh. HPr is a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phos‐photransferase system (PTS), and Crh is an HPr homologue. The hprK‐encoded HPr kinase phosphorylates HPr and Crh at Ser‐46. But in neither ccpA nor hprK mutants was expression of a glpF′–lacZ fusion relieved from CCR, as a second, CcpA‐independent CCR mechanism implying the terminator tglpFK, whose formation is prevented by the glycerol‐3‐P‐activated antiterminator GlpP, is operative. Deletion of tglpFK led to elevated expression of the glpF′–lacZ fusion and to partial relief from CCR. CCR completely disappeared in ΔtglpFK mutants carrying a disruption of ccpA or hprK. The tglpFK‐requiring CCR mechanism seems to be based on insufficient synthesis of glycerol‐3‐P, as CCR of glpFK was absent in ccpA mutants growing on glycerol‐3‐P or synthesizing H230R mutant GlpK. In cells growing on glycerol, glucose prevents the phosphorylation of GlpK by P~His‐HPr. P~GlpK is much more active than GlpK, and the absence of P~GlpK formation in ΔptsHI strains prevents glycerol metabolism. As a consequence, only small amounts of glycerol‐3‐P will be formed in glycerol and glucose‐exposed cells (inducer exclusion). The uptake of glycerol‐3‐P via GlpT provides high concentrations of this metabolite in the ccpA mutant and allows the expression of the glpF′–lacZ fusion even when glucose is present. Similarly, despite the presence of glucose, large amounts of glycerol‐3‐P are formed in a glycerol‐exposed strain synthesizing GlpKH230R, as this mutant GlpK is as active as P~GlpK.
Measurements and Analysis of the Propagation Channel for Various Indoor Environments

The paper presents measurements results of the propagation channel for three types of indoor environments. Basing on these results statistical analysis and comparison of obtained data are presented. Short review of channel profile measurement techniques are also presented. The paper includes discussion of indoor channel propagation type influence on positioning systems accuracy. Measurements were part of EU VI FP RESOLUTION project, in which WUT was responsible for propagation and antennas work package.
Timing of stressors alters interactive effects on a coastal foundation species.

The effects of climate-driven stressors on organismal performance and ecosystem functioning have been investigated across many systems; however, manipulative experiments generally apply stressors as constant and simultaneous treatments, rather than accurately reflecting temporal patterns in the natural environment. Here, we assessed the effects of temporal patterns of high aerial temperature and low salinity on survival of Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida), a foundation species of conservation and restoration concern. As single stressors, low salinity (5 and 10 psu) and the highest air temperature (40°C) resulted in oyster mortality of 55.8, 11.3, and 23.5%, respectively. When applied on the same day, low salinity and high air temperature had synergistic negative effects that increased oyster mortality. This was true even for stressor levels that were relatively mild when applied alone (10 psu and 35°C). However, recovery times of two or four weeks between stressors eliminated the synergistic effects. Given that most natural systems threatened by climate change are subject to multiple stressors that vary in the timing of their occurrence, our results suggest that it is important to examine temporal variation of stressors in order to more accurately understand the possible biological responses to global change.
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects? An Examination of Australian Non‐Government Primary Schools

type="main" xml:lang="en"> On average, students in Australian non-government schools consistently outperform their counterparts in government schools on standardised tests of literacy and numeracy. However, when differences across school sectors in student characteristics are taken into account, this performance differential largely disappears. Nevertheless, non-government schools may have heterogeneous effects; that is, they may benefit particular groups of students. This study investigates the extent of non-government-school advantage for specific primary-school student groups using data from National Assessment Program–Literacy and Numeracy and the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. We find no evidence that non-government primary schools have a positive effect on academic outcomes of children, categorised by sex or socioeconomic status.
Megakaryocytes endocytose and subsequently modify human factor V in vivo to form the entire pool of a unique platelet‐derived cofactor

Summary. Factor Va (FVa), derived from plasma or released from stimulated platelets, is the essential cofactor in thrombin production catalyzed by the prothrombinase complex. Plasma‐derived factor V (FV) is synthesized in the liver. The source(s) of the platelet‐derived cofactor remains in question. We identified a patient homozygous for the FVLeiden mutation, who received a liver transplant from a homozygous wild‐type FV donor. Eighteen days post‐transplant, phenotypic analysis of the patient's platelet‐derived FV indicated that the platelets were acquiring wild‐type FV, consistent with the temporal differentiation of megakaryocytes and subsequent platelet production. Nine months post‐transplant, the platelet‐derived FV pool consisted entirely of wild‐type FV. Consequently, megakaryocyte endocytosis of plasma‐derived FV must account for the entire platelet‐derived pool, because blood‐borne platelets cannot bind or endocytose FV. Subsequent to this endocytic process, the patient's platelet‐derived FV was cleaved to a partially active cofactor, and rendered resistant to phosphorylation catalyzed by a platelet‐associated kinase, and hence less susceptible to activated protein C‐catalyzed inactivation. These data provide the first in vivo demonstration of an endocytosed plasma protein undergoing intracellular modifications that alter its function. This process results in the sequestration of active FVa within the platelet compartment, poised for immediate action subsequent to release from platelets at a site of injury.
Results of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy with a New Electrohydraulic Shock Wave Generator

Objective: Since 1999, the lithotriptor LDM® (Philips, Germany) is used routinely for treatment of urinary stones in our department. We evaluated the complication rate and treatment success of extracorporeal stone treatment with the new lithotriptor. Material and Methods: We performed a prospective, two-step clinical study: (1) Complication rate: From January to May 1999, 312 consecutive treatments in 225 patients (136 male, 89 female) were evaluated. (2) Success rate: From February to April 2000, 88 consecutive patients (61 male, 27 female) with 113 concrements were evaluated. Results: (1) Complication rate: Overall complication rate was 10%. Most of them were minor complications. Most significant complications were subcapsular renal hematomas, which were detected by routinely performed renal ultrasound in 1%. (2) Success rate: After single treatment, overall success rate was 87%. 15 of 16 in situ treated ureteral stones (94%) were sufficiently disintegrated by a single treatment. Disintegration rates after single treatment were 93.6% for renal stones smaller than 1 cm and 86% for renal stones 1–2 cm, respectively. Conclusions: Stone therapy by SWL with the new lithotriptor LDM is a highly effective therapy of renal and ureteral stones and has a low complication rate.
[Genetic causes of obesity].

BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity represent an increasing health problem. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity. This article summarises the genetic aspects of these conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed and OMIM. Both original and review articles were included. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION The genetic influence on body weight is shown by twin and family studies. Environmental changes in recent decades have promoted the development of obesity in individuals at risk because of their genetic composition. Our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying common obesity is limited. During the last decade a handful of monogenic disorders leading to early, severe obesity in humans have been identified. All affect the central regulation of appetite. These conditions are rare, except for mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor that account for about 5% of morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m). The identification of monogenic forms of obesity has contributed valuable insight into the regulation of appetite and development of obesity, although causal treatment only exists for leptin deficiency. In addition, several well defined Mendelian syndromes are associated with overweight and obesity. The molecular genetic cause is known for some of these syndromes, but how appetite and energy balance are affected is still unclear.
The role of N‐, Q‐ and R‐type Ca2+ channels in feedback inhibition of ACh release from rat basal forebrain neurones

1 The Ca2+ channel subtypes controlling ACh release from basal forebrain neurones and the ionic basis underlying muscarinic receptor‐mediated autoinhibition were studied using skeletal myoballs to detect ACh release from individual rat basal forebrain neurones in culture. 2 Somatic Ca2+ currents evoked using a simulated action potential waveform revealed that Ca2+ entry was primarily through N‐, Q‐ and to a lesser extent R‐, T‐ and L‐type Ca2+ channels. 3 Muscarine (10 μm) inhibited N‐ and Q‐ but not R‐, T‐ or L‐type somatic Ca2+ channels. Agonist inhibition was totally blocked by pre‐treatment with pertussis toxin (500 ng ml−1). 4 ACh release from discrete sites along basal forebrain neurites (1.2 mm extracellular Ca2+) could be largely abolished by blocking Ca2+ entry through either N‐type or Q‐type Ca2+ channels. Inhibition of Ca2+ entry through L‐ or T‐type channels had no effect upon release. Following inhibition of either N‐ or Q‐type Ca2+ channels, release could be restored to near control levels by raising [Ca2+]o. After selectively blocking N‐, Q‐, L‐ and T‐type channels, low levels of release could still be evoked as a result of Ca2+ entry through R‐type Ca2+ channels. 5 Muscarinic receptor activation reversibly inhibited ACh release due to Ca2+ entry through N‐, Q‐ and R‐type Ca2+ channels. In contrast, inhibition of inwardly rectifying K+ channels using Ba2+ (3–10 μm) or substance P (0.03–0.1 μm), or block of SK or BK Ca2+‐activated K+ channels with apamin (100 nm) or charbydotoxin (100 nm) respectively, had no effect upon either ACh release or its modulation by muscarinic agonists. 6 These results show that ACh release from individual release sites on basal forebrain neurones is controlled by multiple Ca2+ channel subtypes with overlapping Ca2+ microdomains and that autoinhibition of release results from M2 muscarinic receptor‐mediated inhibition of these presynaptic Ca2+ channels rather than as a consequence of K+ channel activation.
Recombinant Peptides as Biomarkers for Tumor Response to Molecular Targeted Therapy

Purpose: Phage display technology can be used to identify peptide sequences that bind rapidly and specifically to tumors responding to sunitinib therapy. These peptides may help to address problems with current methods of assessing tumor response to therapy that can be slow and have limited usage. Experimental Design: The peptide of interest was isolated after four rounds of biopanning in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 xenografted tumors. The binding location of the peptide was investigated with immunohistochemistry. Its in vivo ability to bind to breast tumors responding to therapy was determined by treating nude mice, xenografted with various tumor cell lines, with sunitinib and using near IR imaging to assess the ability of the peptide conjugated to Alexafluor-750 to bind tumors. Results: EGEVGLG was the dominant sequence isolated from biopanning. This peptide showed increased binding relative to control groups in two cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 human breast) responding to sunitinib treatment, whereas no elevated binding occurred in vitro when samples were incubated with tumor cells that are unresponsive to sunitinib treatment (B16 melanoma and BxPC3 pancreatic). Mice xenografted with tumors that are responsive to sunitinib therapy showed increased peptide binding when compared with untreated control. Mice bearing tumors unresponsive to sunitinib therapy showed no increased peptide binding between treated and untreated groups. Conclusion: The use of recombinant peptides to assess the pharmacodynamic response of cancer holds promise in minimizing the duration of ineffective treatment regimens in patients, potentially providing a more rapid and less invasive assessment of cancer response to systemic therapy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(20):6421–9)
Relationship Between Femoral Vascular Closure Devices and Short-Term Mortality From 271 845 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedures Performed in the United Kingdom Between 2006 and 2011: A Propensity Score–Corrected Analysis From the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society

Background—The impact of vascular closure devices (VCDs) via the femoral arterial access site on short-term mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is currently unknown. Methods and Results—The association between femoral arterial vascular access site management (manual pressure [including external clamp] versus VCD) and 30-day mortality was examined in a national real-world registry of 271 845 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for elective, non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction indications in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2011. Crude and propensity score–corrected analyses were performed using Cox regression, with additional analyses undertaken in clinically relevant subgroups; 40.1% (n=109 001) of subjects were treated with manual pressure and 59.9% (n=162 844) with VCD. Subjects treated with VCD had fewer comorbidities and were less likely to present with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (P<0.001). Crude 30-day mortality was lower in the group treated with VCD compared with manual pressure (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.61; 1.4% versus 2.4%, log rank P<0.0001), findings that were substantially reduced but persisted after propensity score correction (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86–0.97; 1.8% versus 2.0% versus P<0.001). A more pronounced association of VCD with a reduction in 30-day mortality was evident in females (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.94; Pinteraction=0.037), presentation with acute coronary syndrome (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83–0.94; Pinteraction=0.0027), or recent lysis (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40–1.01; Pinteraction=0.0001). Conclusions—When compared with manual pressure, VCD was associated with a minor short-term (30-day) prognostic benefit after propensity score correction in the global population and clinically relevant subgroups. The potential for residual confounding factors impacting on short-term mortality cannot be excluded, despite the study having measured and balanced all recorded confounder factors.
Regional reductions in sleep electroencephalography power in obstructive sleep apnea: a high-density EEG study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with significant alterations in neuronal integrity resulting from either hypoxemia and/or sleep loss. A large body of imaging research supports reductions in gray matter volume, alterations in white matter integrity and resting state activity, and functional abnormalities in response to cognitive challenge in various brain regions in patients with OSA. In this study, we used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG), a functional imaging tool that could potentially be used during routine clinical care, to examine the regional distribution of neural activity in a non-clinical sample of untreated men and women with moderate/severe OSA. DESIGN Sleep was recorded with 256-channel EEG in relatively healthy subjects with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 10, as well as age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls selected from a research population initially recruited for a study on sleep and meditation. SETTING Sleep laboratory. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Nine subjects with AHI > 10 and nine matched controls. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Topographic analysis of hdEEG data revealed a broadband reduction in EEG power in a circumscribed region overlying the parietal cortex in OSA subjects. This parietal reduction in neural activity was present, to some extent, across all frequency bands in all stages and episodes of nonrapid eye movement sleep. CONCLUSION This investigation suggests that regional deficits in electroencephalography (EEG) power generation may be a useful clinical marker for neural disruption in obstructive sleep apnea, and that high-density EEG may have the sensitivity to detect pathological cortical changes early in the disease process.
Plane of Motion Mediates the Coalition of Constraints in Rhythmic Bimanual Coordination

The authors hypothesized that the modulation of coordinative stability and accuracy caused by the coalition of egocentric (neuromuscular) and allocentric (directional) constraints varies depending on the plane of motion in which coordination patterns are performed. Participants (N = 7) produced rhythmic bimanual movements of the hands in the sagittal plane (i.e., up-and-down oscillations resulting from flexion—extension of their wrists). The timing of activation of muscle groups, direction of movements, visual feedback, and across-trial movement frequency were manipulated. Results showed that both the egocentric and the allocentric constraints modulated pattern stability and accuracy. However, the allocentric constraint played a dominant role over the egocentric. The removal of vision only slightly destabilized movements, regardless of the effects of directional and (neuro)muscular constraints. The results of the present study hint at considering the plane in which coordination is performed as a mediator of the coalition of egocentric and allocentric constraints that modulates coordinative stability of rhythmic bimanual coordination.
Intramedullary Fixation of Tibial Shaft Fractures Using an Expandable Nail

Interlocking intramedullary nails are the gold standard for treating tibial fractures. We compared the clinical and economic factors associated with tibial fracture fixation using either interlocking intramedullary or expandable nails. From 2000 to 2002, 53 patients with 53 diaphyseal tibial fractures of similar characteristics (AO/OTA 42A1-B3) were randomly and prospectively treated with either interlocking (n = 26) or expandable nails (n = 27). Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years. The mean surgical duration was 104 minutes with interlocking nails and 52.9 minutes with expandable nails. Rehospitalizations were required in 12 patients (46%) and reoperations were required in nine patients (35%) with interlocking nails. Only one patient (3%) with an expandable nail required rehospitalization and reoperation. Union was achieved after 17 weeks (mean) with interlocking nails and 11.5 weeks with expandable nails. The beneficial economic ramifications of using expandable nails were a 39% reduction in overall surgical and hospital expenses. Expandable nails showed important clinical advantages for tibial fracture fixation, and complications related to lengthy operations, reoperations, and rehospitalizations were substantially reduced. Overall treatment cost was substantially lower with expandable nails. Based on these advantages, simplicity in use, and short surgical time, we recommend an expandable nail for treating tibial (AO Type A, B) shaft fractures.Level of Evidence: Level II, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prediction of conserved long-range RNA-RNA interactions in full viral genomes

Abstract Motivation: Long-range RNA-RNA interactions (LRIs) play an important role in viral replication, however, only a few of these interactions are known and only for a small number of viral species. Up to now, it has been impossible to screen a full viral genome for LRIs experimentally or in silico. Most known LRIs are cross-reacting structures (pseudoknots) undetectable by most bioinformatical tools. Results: We present LRIscan, a tool for the LRI prediction in full viral genomes based on a multiple genome alignment. We confirmed 14 out of 16 experimentally known and evolutionary conserved LRIs in genome alignments of HCV, Tombusviruses, Flaviviruses and HIV-1. We provide several promising new interactions, which include compensatory mutations and are highly conserved in all considered viral sequences. Furthermore, we provide reactivity plots highlighting the hot spots of predicted LRIs. Availability and Implementation: Source code and binaries of LRIscan freely available for download at http://www.rna. uni-jena.de/en/supplements/lriscan/, implemented in Ruby/C ++ and supported on Linux and Windows. Contact: manja@uni-jena.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.