Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exposure of Wheat Ears to High Temperature on Dry Matter Accumulation and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Grain of Two Cultivars. I. Immediate Responses

Ears of wheat were exposed for up to 7 days during the grain-filling stage to high temperature (35oC day/25oC night) and metabolic responses in the grain were compared to those in ears maintained at lower temperatures (21oC day/16oC night). Two cultivars of wheat known to differ in their post-anthesis tolerance of high temperature were compared. Raising the temperature resulted in a small increase in the rate of dry matter accumulation: both cultivars responded similarly. Sucrose content of the endosperm was either not affected or increased by raising the temperature. Raising the temperature had differential effects on glucose and fructose content: fructose was substantially reduced while glucose was either unaffected or slightly increased. After raising the temperature the concentrations of all three hexose phosphates measured, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P), were reduced similarly on a percentage basis and to about the same extent as fructose. The concentration of the sugar nucleotide (UDP-glucose) resulting from the breakdown of sucrose by sucrose synthase was also reduced at high temperature. Judging from calculated mass-action ratios, all three catalytic steps involved in the interconversion of the metabolites mentioned above were close to equilibrium, and only one mass action ratio (for sucrose synthase) was affected by heating: it was doubled. Although temperature clearly resulted in changes in the reaction catalysed by sucrose synthase, it was not clear how temperature had acted. Concentration of the precursor for starch synthesis (ADP-glucose) was slightly lower in both cultivars at the higher temperature. Taken together the responses could provide at least a partial explanation for the smallness of the increase in starch deposition with increase in temperature, but do not explain the different responses of these two cultivars to high temperature.
Dominantly inherited microcephaly, short stature and normal intelligence

A large family is reported in which microcephaly and short stature is segregating as a probably autosomal dominantly inherited trait. Some affected members also show a delayed onset of puberty. No other clinical or radiological symptoms are present, and psychomotor development is normal. This short report confirms an earlier description of a similar family by Burton in 1981.
Function of β-Carotene and Tocopherol in Photosystem II

Abstract New and known structural and functional insights in the role of β-carotene and of α- tocopherol in photosytem II are reviewed. A concept is presented connecting the failure of P680 triplet quenching by β-carotene with the formation of singlet oxygen and its scavenging in the turnover of the D1 protein and by tocopherol in the maintenance of PS II structure and function.
Progress of Research on Photosynthetic Acclimation of Plant to Elevated Atmospheric CO_(2)

With the rapid increasing in atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,people have a deep study in photosynthetic response to high CO_(2) concentrations,the reasons in photosynthetic acclimation to high CO_(2) concentrations might include that: the feedback restrain to photosynthesis caused by deposit of carbohydrate and redox signals arising from the plastoquinone pool and from the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide;decrease of rubisco content and activity was induced by levels of rubisco subunit mRNA;changes in stomata states.In addition,the levels of photosynthesis gene expression induced by C/N balance,plant growth regulators and hexoses might also result in photosynthetic acclimation.
Seasonal Changes in Feeding Habit of Red Sea Bream Pagrus major in the Eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan.

The feeding habit of red sea bream, Pagrus major, was examined by stomach content analysis with special reference to its seasonal changes in Tomogashima Channel waters, an important habitat in the eastern Seto Inland Sea. The fish fed through its life on many kinds of organisms, but intensively on a few kinds of them during the feeding season from spring to autumn. It was noted here that juveniles fed on zooplankton such as Acartia omorii and Oikopleura sp. from June to July, and youngs on the pasiphaeid shrimps Leptochela from August onward. These shrimps were in fact the main prey for the fish of age 1 and over. The stomach contents were poor and changed after November, because of the fall in water temperature and the increase in its population density with overwintering assemblage. Consequently, until March, or the end of the overwintering season, fish growth was retarded with a continuous decrease in the condition factor. The change in feeding habit with the winter assemblage was most remarkable for age 0 fish. The winter season would appear to be a critical period for the survival of the fish especially at this age.
Response

10. Karacan I, Asian C, Hirshkowitz M. Erectile mechanisms in man. Science 1983; 220:1080-1082. 11. Kempczinski RF. Role of the vascular diagnostic laboratory in the evaluation of male impotence. Am J Surg 1979; 138:278-282. 12. Schiavi RC, Schreiner-Engel P. Physiologic aspects of sexual function and dysfunction. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1980; 3:81-95. 13. Federman DD. Endocrinology. In: Rubenstein E, Federman DD, ed. Scientific American Medicine. New York: Scientific American Medicine, 1982; 5-11. 14. Steams EL MacDonnell JA, Kaufman BJ et al. Declining testicular function w'ith age. Am J Med 1974; 57:761-766. 15. Spark RF, White RA, Connolly PB. Impotence in not always psychogenic. JAMA 1980; 243:750-755. 16. Schwartz MF, Bauman JE, Masters WH. Hyperprolactinemia and sexual disorders in men. Biol Psychiatr 1982; 17:861-876. 17. Randall RV, Laws ER, Abboud CF, Ebersold MJ, Kao PC, Scheithauer BW. Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas: Results in 100 patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1983; 58:108-121. 18. Ghadirian AM, Chouinard G, Annable L. Sexual dysfunction and plasma prolactin levels in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic outpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis 1982; 170:463-467. 19. Thachil JV, Jewett MAS, Rider WO. The effects of cancer and therapy on male fertility. J Urol 1981; 126:141-145. 20. Ellenberg M. Sexual function in diabetic patients. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92(Part 11):329-331. 21. Frimodt-Miller C. Diabetic cystopathy: Epidemiology and related disorders. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92(Part 11):318-321. 22. Rosenthal S, Kaufman S. Vincristine toxicity. Ann Intern Med 1974; 80:733-737. 23. Chapman RM, Sutcliffe SB, Malpas JS. Male gonadal dysfunction in Hodgkin's disease. JAMA 1981; 245:1323-1328. 24. Thomas PRM, Winstanly D, Peckham MJ et al. Reproductive Greenberg 2285
Identification and characterization of downstream target genes of the BMP signaling pathway

iii DEDICATION . v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.vi LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix INTRODUCTION . 1 Synapse formation and Synaptic plasticity . 2 Synapse growth and synaptic homeostasis.2 The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction . 3 Synapse growth and synaptic homeostasis in Drosophila . 5 The BMP signaling pathway in Drosophila melanogaster . 7 Downstream targets of the Wit signaling pathway.15 Lymphocyte antigen 6/urokinase type plasminogen activator superfamily.17 Presented Dissertation Study and Results . 20 IDENTIFICATION OF DOWNSTREAM TARGETS OF THE BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN PATHWAY IN THE DROSOPHILA NERVOUS SYSTEM . 24 THE BMP-REGULATED GENE TWIT ENCODES A LY-6 MOLECULE THAT REGULATES SYNAPTIC VESICLE RELEASE . 70 DISCUSSION . 114 GENERAL LIST OF REFERENCES.129
Enhanced secretion and activation of matrilysin during malignant conversion of human colorectal epithelium and its relationship with invasive potential of colon cancer cells

Matrilysin is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase gene family which is believed to play an important role in tumor progression. Matrilysin mRNA has been reported to be overexpressed in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzyme activity of this protein during colorectal carcinogenesis and its relationship with the invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells.
Fluidics

The use of fluidics is implicit in a technology named “flow cytometry,” which flows a cell or particle through a sensing volume to obtain serial analysis of particles on a one by one basis. This flow of particles enables flow cytometry to collect information on multiple particle populations, giving it a distinct advantage over bulk analysis approaches. Moreover, flow cytometers can analyze thousands of particles per second in a single flowing stream. Additionally, use of volumetric sample delivery makes it possible for flow cytometers to accurately count cells and particles. Furthermore, the analysis results can be coupled with a fluidic diversion mechanism to sort and collect particles based on desired properties. Finally, when high‐throughput sampling technologies are employed to rapidly change the input of the sample stream, a flow cytometer can become an integral tool for high‐throughput screening. The above properties have made flow cytometry useful in a wide range of biomedical applications. In this unit we will present an overview of fluidic systems that make flow cytometry possible. This will introduce historical approaches, explanations of the commonly implemented current fluidics, and brief discussions of potential future fluidics where appropriate. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 65:1.2. 1‐1.2. 14. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic transformation of Centella asiatica by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.

Centella asiatica belonging to family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) is an important medicinal plant. It contains pharmaceutically im- portant bioactive compounds viz triterpenoid saponins and sapogenins, among which the asiaticoside and madecassoside are of particular interest. Asiaticoside derivatives are considered to have therapeutic importance in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as they have shown to potentially protect cells from β-amyloid induced cell death. A soil borne gram negative bacterium, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, is the causa- tive agent of hairy root disease in plants. Hairy roots are unique in being able to grow in vitro in the absence of exogenous phytohormones. In recent past, hairy root cultures from plants are getting considerable attention for their genetic and biosynthetic stability, rapid growth rate and ability to synthesize secondary products at levels comparable to the original plants. Centella asiatica plants were transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 8196 strain to induce hairy roots. Response of different explants viz root, leaf, petiole, nodal parts and incubation time was evaluated for hairy root induction and for their further growth.
Survival of Fall Armyworm larvae and Yields of Field Corn After Artificial Infestations

Yields of field corn infested with 2nd instars of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were not consistently reduced by infestations of up to 20 larvae/plant. Yield reductions following early- and middle-whorl infestations were associated with defoliation, whereas reductions in late-whorl and early-tassel infestations were associated with defoliation and damage to tassels, silks, and kernels. No larvae penetrated to the buds (apical meristems) of field corn plants. Survival of larvae declined during the 1st week postinfestation, then stabilized at 74%. Larval survival was lower when infestation occurred during the early-tassel stage vs. infestations occurring during earlier plant growth.
An evaluation of the efficacy of large scale release of Trichogramma dendrolimi against Asian corn borer in Yushu County.

During 1986 to 1989, mass reared Trichogramma dendrolimi was released in an area of 100,000 ha of corn in Yushu Co., Jilin Province to control Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis [Lep. : Pyralidae]. The releases were made at the beginning and early peak of corn borer egg appearances, respectively, at the rates of 16,500-22,500 wasps/ha. The egg parasitization was 58.1-79.4%. The percent infected corn plants and the number of larvae per 100 stalks were reduced by 66.6-85.9% and 41-64.4%, respectively, in comparison with that in the unreleased check fields. An estimated yield increase of 530.5 kg/ha was obtained in the releasing fields. The releases also gave a 1:35.2 ratio in the cost/benefit analysis.
Genetically modified crops and hybridization with wild relatives: a UK perspective

It has been suggested that genetic modification could lead to crops with enhanced invasiveness and persistence. These new genotypes could invade natural ecosystems and cause undesirable change, either through spread of the crops themselves or through hybridization with wild relatives. We review the progress made in the genetic modification of the major UK crops, and identify those crops and traits in which genetic modification is most advanced. Data on the potential for the spread of transgenes through pollen movement and the relative performance of modified and unmodified crops are examined. It is concluded that the spread of modified crops and their hybrids with wild relatives can be modelled in the same manner as for unmodified crops (.)
Clodronate

Clodronate is a second‐generation bisphosphonate of intermediate potency between etidronate and aminobisphosphonates. It is an effective inhibitor of bone resorption, but unlike etidronate does not impair the mineralization of bone. Unlike pamidronate, it can be given both intravenously and orally.
A Procedural Description of Geometric Textures by Spectral and Spatial Analysis of Profiles

In this paper we describe a method for automatically generating procedural “geometric” textures, using a hybrid (spectral and spatial) analysis of profiles (ID curves). The profile describes a certain height variation for a certain abscissa. We call “geometric” textures a class of textures including “Bump” textures and “hypertextures”. In dealing with this challenge (automatic synthesis), we introduce two new key ideas.
Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. II. A longitudinal investigation of the kinetics, migration and transformation of cells incorporating tritiated thymidine in infant rats, with special reference to postnatal neurogenesis in some brain regions

Thymidine‐H3 was injected intraperitoneally into 6‐ and 13‐day old rats and they lived afterwards for periods ranging from one hour to 60 days. Autoradiographic data obtained from animals surviving for short periods were used to estimate rates of regional cell proliferation. Animals with longer survival were used to deduce the movements of new cells from germinal sites, through migratory channels, to target areas, and to determine their mode of differentiation.
Evaluation of beneficial and inhibitory effects of nitrate on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The effects of applied nitrate on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes are complex. Both inhibition and promotion of nodulation by nitrate have been observed in a dose‐dependent manner. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of nitrate at different concentrations on root nodulation in different genotypes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Six genotypes were inoculated with the same rhizobial strain and grown hydroponically in growth pouches in a growth chamber and exposed to six nitrate concentrations, including 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mM for 4 weeks. The tested genotypes included three recombinant inbred lines (RILs, 25, 46, and 70) that differed in their responses to nitrogen (based on observations of one field growing season), their parents (Mist and Sanilac—registered varieties), which are different in N‐fixing abilities, and one nonnodulating mutant (R99). Our results showed that small amounts of nitrate (2.5 and 5 mM) promoted nodule formation and increased nodule biomass, compared with plants in the 0 nitrate control treatment. In contrast, nitrate concentrations over 10 mM inhibited nodulation, resulting in reductions in nodule number and nodule biomass. Nodulation was completely inhibited by 15‐mM nitrate in all the genotypes. Regression analyses indicated that 5‐mM nitrate is the optimum concentration for promoting nodulation as measured by the total number of nodules formed, the number of effective nodules formed, and the nodule biomass formed. In contrast, nitrogen fixation was inhibited by all levels of nitrate. No genotypic differences were observed in nodulation among the three RILs and their parental cultivars, but all were significantly different than R99, a nonnodulating mutant.
Amino acid residues critical for anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor cleavage

The overexpression and phosphorylation of the wild type Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) receptor in neuroblastoma has been associated with a worse prognosis for patients suffering from high risk neuroblastoma. Recent evidence has shown that truncated forms of the ALK receptor may be capable of promoting downstream pathways associated with ALK activation and increased cellular proliferation. ALK has been shown to cleave into 220kDa and 140kDa bands in vivo, but the exact location of the cleavage site within the ALK protein has not yet been characterized. By generating amino acid substitutions around the putative cleavage site of ALK, we sought to determine if we could inhibit ALK cleavage. We were able to significantly inhibit cleavage through substitutions in amino acids L655 and F656 surrounding our predicted cleavage site. These amino acids may potentially play a critical role in enzymatic identification of the ALK cleavage site and mediating ALK cleavage. Future studies are necessary in order to determine if ALK constructs with three amino acid substitutions around the cleavage site will show complete ALK cleavage inhibition and determine the relationship between ALK cleavage and activation of downstream pathways.
Parallel simulation of the synchronization of heterogeneous cells in the sinoatrial node

The cells of the sinoatrial node (SAN) are self‐excitable entities that show a coupled electrical pattern that consists of the synchronized activation of action potentials that determine the heart rate. To accurately describe the behavior of cell membrane proteins, theoretical biophysicists have devoted themselves to the study of the electrical activity of individual cells, which involves solving a large number of coupled differential equations. This computational limitation makes the modeling of a large number of cells unattainable, since the intracellular distribution of Ca2+ must be considered and this fact increases in grand extent the number of differential equations involved. In this work, we explore different parallel architectures (using OpenMP, MPI, and CUDA libraries) to show advances in the computational modeling and simulation of the SAN using a multicellular array in which the cells are endowed of heterogeneous conductances and are electrically coupled, considering a variable connectivity among them.
Designing Robotically‐Constructed Metal Frame Structures

We present a computational technique that aids with the design of structurally‐sound metal frames, tailored for robotic fabrication using an existing process that integrate automated bar bending, welding, and cutting. Aligning frames with structurally‐favorable orientations, and decomposing models into fabricable units, we make the fabrication process scale‐invariant, and frames globally align in an aesthetically‐pleasing and structurally‐informed manner. Relying on standard analysis of frames, we then co‐optimize the shape and topology of bars at the local unit level. At this level, we minimize combinations of functional and aesthetic objectives under strict fabrication constraints that model the assembly of discrete sets of bent bars. We demonstrate the capabilities of our global‐to‐local approach on four robotically‐constructed examples.
Development of an effective SSR-based fingerprinting system for commercial planting materials and breeding applications in oil palm.

DNA fingerprints provide the basis for genetic diversity studies and molecular breeding. However, routine and commercial scale DNA fingerprinting in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) remains challenged by the need for a robust yet low cost method. In addition, there is also a need for a precise and reliable marker set capable of distinguishing oil palm genotypes within narrow and mixed genetic population bases at the individual and population level. With the rapid evolution of genotyping and sequencing technologies, a wide range of genotyping tools have been developed but are not yet commercially feasible for oil palm. Consequently, we tested the feasibility of using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to genotype oil palm breeding and commercial planting materials of restricted and mixed parentage from Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn Bhd (AAR). The results obtained from screening 33 palms using a selected set of 17 highly polymorphic and informative SSR markers obtained from an initial set of 23 SSR, showed that clones, crosses and sibs within crosses could be separated by their DNA fingerprints. However, as expected palms within clones could not be separated. In another test exercise at the population scale, the four variable but related populations: Deli; Dumpy Deli x Yangambi x AVROS; Dumpy Deli x AVROS; Dumpy Deli x AVROS x La Me; were distinctly separated using 11 SSR from the same pool of 23 polymorphic SSR. There is good potential for this set of 11 SSR markers to be developed for general applicability across all E. guineensis oil palm genetic materials and for use in the Malaysian Plant Variety Protection Act. The set of SSR markers also serve as the base set for the development of marker-assisted and genome-wide
Diversity analysis of Fe~(3+)-reducing bacteria in enriched cultures from hydrothermal sulfide sample of southeast Pacific Ocean

The ocean contains rich resources and in deep sea sediments there exists iron compounds at different stages of oxidation and reduction.Iron is one of the most widely distributed elements on the earth and its cycle chiefly includes two processes of oxidation and reduction.As a primitive form of respiration,Fe3+-reduction and Fe3+-reducing bacteria play an important role in the iron cycle where in sediments with an anaerobic environment,where iron chiefly exists in a reduced form.In the current study,a hydrothermal sulfide sample was obtained from the southeast Pacific Ocean,site DY115-20V-S35-TVG17(50.648 1°N,37.780 2°W,depth 2 783 m) using a television grasp sampler in December,2008,and was found to be mainly composed of iron pyrite with good magnetism,chiefly Fe1-xS and FeS2,76.717%(m/m) through X-ray detection.To investigate the diversity of Fe3+-reducing bacteria in the sample,we designed a medium with sodium lactate as the electron donor and insoluble ferric hydroxide as electron acceptor and cultivated the enriched culture of Fe3+-reducing bacteria from this sample.The 16S rDNA gene library showed that the 29 selected clones in enriched cultures were clustered into two groups.Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial group which could reach 72.4%,and were mainly distributed into three subgroups——e-(55.2%),β-(10.3%) and α-(6.9%) in terms of the percentages of clones.Another common bacterial group was Firmicutes(27.6%). The BLASTn analysis of the clones sequence and phylogenetic tree showed that the functional strains in the enriched cultures responsible for reducing ferric hydroxide were mainly e-Proteobacteria which could also reduce S0.Our study found that the main group of Fe3+-reducing bacteria in marine environments was different from that in terrestrial environments.Therefore,we could accelerate our investigation of the compositions of the bacterial communities in different samples by designing special media.