Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation of hepatitis B surface antigen among acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infections in The Netherlands

Genetic variation within hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), in particular within the major hydrophobic region (MHR), is related to immune/vaccine and test failures and can have a significant impact on the vaccination and diagnosis of acute infection. This study shows, for the first time, variation among acute cases and compares the amino acid variation within the HBsAg between acute and chronic infections. We analyzed the virus isolated from 1231 acute and 585 chronic cases reported to an anonymized public health surveillance database between 2004 and 2014 in The Netherlands. HBsAg analysis revealed the circulation of 6 genotypes (Gt); GtA was the dominant genotype followed by GtD among both acute (68.2% and 17.4%, respectively) and chronic (34.9% and 34.2%, respectively) cases. Variation was the highest among chronic strains compared to that among acute strains. Both acute and chronic GtD showed the highest variation compared to that of other genotypes (P < .01). Substitutions within the MHR were found in 8.5% of the acute strains and 18.6% of the chronic strains. Specific MHR substitutions described to have an impact on vaccine/immune escape and/or HBsAg test failure were found among 4.1% of the acute strains and 7.0% of the chronic strains. In conclusion, we show a high variation of HBsAg among acute and chronic hepatitis B virus–infected cases in The Netherlands, in particular among those infected with GtD, and compare, for the first time, variation in frequencies between acute and chronic cases. Additional studies on the impact of these variations on vaccination and test failure need to be conducted, as well as whether HBsAg false–negative variants have been missed.
Sunitinib Induced Cytopenia in Metastatic RCC

Citation: Bahçeci A, Şeker MM, Kaçan T, Babacan NA, Yücel B, et al. (2018) Sunitinib Induced Cytopenia in Metastatic RCC. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 5:208. doi.org/10.23937/2378-3656/1410208 Received: October 17, 2016: Accepted: May 02, 2018: Published: May 04, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Bahçeci A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ISSN: 2378-3656
Graxels: Information Rich Primitives for the Visualization of Time-Dependent Spatial Data

Time-dependent volumetric data has important applications in areas as diverse as medicine, climatology, and engineering. However, the simultaneous quantitative assessment of spatial and temporal features is very challenging. Common visualization techniques show either the whole volume in one time step (for example using direct volume rendering) or let the user select a region of interest (ROI) for which a collection of time-intensity curves is shown. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that dynamically embeds quantitative detail views in a spatial layout. Inspired by the concept of small multiples, we introduce a new primitive graxel (graph pixel). Graxels are view dependent primitives of time-intensity graphs, generated on-the-fly by aggregating per-ray information over time and image regions. Our method enables the detailed feature-aligned visual analysis of time-dependent volume data and allows interactive refinement and filtering. Temporal behaviors like frequency relations, aperiodic or periodic oscillations and their spatial context are easily perceived with our method. We demonstrate the power of our approach using examples from medicine and the natural sciences.
DPW-SDNet: Dual Pixel-Wavelet Domain Deep CNNs for Soft Decoding of JPEG-Compressed Images

JPEG is one of the widely used lossy compression methods. JPEG-compressed images usually suffer from compression artifacts including blocking and blurring, especially at low bit-rates. Soft decoding is an effective solution to improve the quality of compressed images without changing codec or introducing extra coding bits. Inspired by the excellent performance of the deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on both low-level and high-level computer vision problems, we develop a dual pixel-wavelet domain deep CNNs-based soft decoding network for JPEG-compressed images, namely DPW-SDNet. The pixel domain deep network takes the four downsampled versions of the compressed image to form a 4-channel input and outputs a pixel domain prediction, while the wavelet domain deep network uses the 1-level discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) coefficients to form a 4-channel input to produce a DWT domain prediction. The pixel domain and wavelet domain estimates are combined to generate the final soft decoded result. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed DPW-SDNet over several state-of-the-art compression artifacts reduction algorithms.
Modified CS-based downlink channel estimation with temporal correlation in FDD massive MIMO systems

In order to fully utilize the spatial multiplexing gains and array gains of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), it is essential to obtain accurate channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). However, conventional CSIT estimation approaches are not suitable for frequency-division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO systems due to the prohibitively large training and feedback overhead. Recently, the compressive sensing (CS) technique is proposed to reduce the overhead for CSIT acquisition. In this paper, we consider CS-based channel estimation schemes with temporal correlation. First, we discuss the existing modified subspace pursuit (M-SP) algorithm which can exploit the prior channel support information to enhance the current CSIT estimation performance. To tolerate model mismatch, the conservative M-SP algorithm is further discussed. Moreover, we propose a new adaptive M-SP algorithm which not only exploits the temporal correlation of the massive MIMO channels, but also has the built-in learning capability to adapt to the appropriate prior channel support quality parameter. The proposed adaptive M-SP algorithm can obtain the successful CSIT recovery in the case of model mismatch. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has substantial performance gain over conventional algorithms and is very robust to model mismatch.
Impact of tip–apex distance and femoral head lag screw position on treatment outcomes of unstable intertrochanteric fractures using cephalomedullary nails

Background Cephalomedullary nails are frequently used in unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The implant position is an important factor for surgical success. Thus, in the present study, finite element analysis methods were used to investigate the biomechanical behavior of five different cephalomedullary nail positions in unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Methods Five different cephalomedullary nail implant positions were investigated. The observed indicators were the maximum displacement of the lag screw, the stress on the intertrochanteric fracture with involvement of the posteromedial cortex, and the tip–apex distance. Results The smallest lag screw displacement was achieved when the implant was closer to the inferior femoral head. Lower stress was placed on the posteromedial cortex when the implant was positioned closer to the inferior femoral head. However, the tip–apex distance increased when the lag screw was positioned more inferiorly. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that positioning the lag screw closer to the inferior aspect of the femoral head can reduce stress on the posteromedial cortex and deformation of the implant in unstable intertrochanteric fractures. These findings provide a biomechanical basis for selection of the cephalomedullary nail implantation site. Level of evidence III.
Seguimiento de la campaña “all you need is Ecuador” en Twitter

Empleando la herramienta de mineria de datos KNIME se obtuvo una relacion de los mensajes enviados, durante aproximadamente cinco dias en Twitter y que empleaban el hashtag #allyouneedisecuador. La agrupacion por clusteres realizada empleando el algoritmo de k-medias permitio clasificar estos mensajes en cinco grupos de acuerdo con los indicadores: reenvio y mensajes marcados como favoritos. Los resultados son alentadores en cuanto a la herramienta empleada: KNIME, para obtener los mensajes en Twitter y en cuanto a la posibilidad de agrupamiento en clusteres. El trabajo realizado ofrece al analista de campana diferentes posibilidades de filtrar los resultados de acuerdo con reenvios y analizar las caracteristicas de estos mensajes y usuarios, por ejemplo agencias de viajes con mas impacto, o menos en relacion con la campana analizada.
The Conundrum of Adjuvant HER2 Treatment Options

Improving outcomes in HER2 over-expressing breast cancer has been an impressive success story over the years. Remarkable clinical benefit and large hazard ratios in earlier metastatic and adjuvant trials rendered hope to more contemporary adjuvant trials of a similar large-scale benefit. Recent FDA approvals of dual HER2-blockade with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab and neratinib based on the APHINITY and ExteNET trials, respectively, were modest and rather underwhelming. Future trials need to focus on identifying robust biomarkers and clinical parameters that can best define the subset of patients where the anticipated toxicities and cost of therapy are justified.
Overview on fosfomycin and its current and future clinical significance

Abstract Fosfomycin is an old antibiotic with a unique chemical structure and with broadspectrum activity against numerous bacterial pathogens, both Gram-positive and Gramnegative, including resistant and multi-resistant strains. This antibiotic was accepted into clinical practice in the early 1970s. Its use, however, has been limited for several years for treating mainly lower uncomplicated urinary tract infections (in the form of fosfomycin trometamol taken orally). Nowadays, many clinicians and scientists are looking at this antibacterial drug for its employment in the treatment of severe infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Fosfomycin as an intravenous formulation (fosfomycin disodium) achieves clinically relevant concentrations in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid, in kidney, bladder wall, prostate, lungs, bone and heart valves tissues, as well as in inflamed tissues and abscess fluid. The available clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of intravenous fosfomycin for the management of severe infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.
Cone-beam image reconstruction from equiangular sampling using spherical harmonics

All of the exact cone-beam reconstruction algorithms for so called long-object problem do not use equi-angular sampling but use equi-space sampling. However, cylindrical detectors (equi-angular sampling in xy and equi-spatial in z) have advantage in their compact design. Therefore, toward the long-object problem with equi-angular sampling, the purpose of this study is to develop a cone-beam reconstruction algorithm using equi-angular sampling for short-object problem. A novel implementation of Grangeat's algorithm using equi-angular sampling has been developed for short- object problem with and without detector truncation. First, both cone-beam projection g(Psi )((Theta) ,(phi) ) and the first derivative of plane integral (3D Radon transform) p(Psi )((Theta) ,(phi) ) are described using spherical harmonics with equi-angular sampling. Then, using Grangeat's formula, relationship between coefficients of spherical harmonics for g(Psi )((Theta) ,(phi) ) and p(Psi )((Theta) ,(phi) ) are found. Finally, a method has been developed to obtain p(Psi )((Theta) ,(phi) ) from cone- beam projection data in which the object is partially scanned. Images are reconstructed using the 3D Radon backprojection with rebinning. Computer simulations were performed in order to verify this approach: Isolated (axially bounded) objects were scanned both with circular and helical orbits. Wen the orbit of the cone vertex does not satisfy Tuy's data sufficiency conditions, strong oblique shadows and blurring in the axial direction were shown in reconstructed coronal images. ON the other hand, if the trajectory satisfied Tuy's data sufficiency condition, the proposed algorithm provides an exact reconstruction. In conclusion, a novel implementation of the Grangeat's algorithm for cone-beam image reconstruction using equi-angular sampling has been developed.
Online Influence Maximization with Local Observations

We consider an online influence maximization problem in which a decision maker selects a node among a large number of possibilities and places a piece of information at the node. The node transmits the information to some others that are in the same connected component in a random graph. The goal of the decision maker is to reach as many nodes as possible, with the added complication that feedback is only available about the degree of the selected node. Our main result shows that such local observations can be sufficient for maximizing global influence in two broadly studied families of random graph models: stochastic block models and Chung--Lu models. With this insight, we propose a bandit algorithm that aims at maximizing local (and thus global) influence, and provide its theoretical analysis in both the subcritical and supercritical regimes of both considered models. Notably, our performance guarantees show no explicit dependence on the total number of nodes in the network, making our approach well-suited for large-scale applications.
Security and Privacy in Ubiquitous Sensor Networks

The availability of powerful and sensor-enabled mobile and Internet-connected devices have enabled the advent of the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) paradigm. USN provides various types of solutions to the general public in multiple sectors, including environmental monitoring, entertainment, transportation, security, and healthcare. Here, we explore and compare the features of wireless sensor networks and USN. Based on our extensive study, we classify the securityand privacy-related challenges of USNs. We identify and discuss solutions available to address these challenges. Finally, we briefly discuss open challenges for designing more secure and privacy-preserving approaches in next-generation USNs.
Matrix metalloproteinase-14 is a biomarker of angiogenic activity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Purpose Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) is a transmembrane MMP that plays a critical role in promoting angiogenesis. We investigated the expression levels of MMP-14 and correlated the levels with clinical disease activity and with the levels of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and MMP-9 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). To reinforce the findings at the functional level, we examined the expression of MMP-14 in the retinas of diabetic rats. Methods Vitreous samples from 34 patients with PDR and 18 nondiabetic patients and epiretinal membranes from 13 patients with PDR and the retinas of rats were studied with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT–PCR). Results The MMP-14, VEGF, and MMP-9 levels were statistically significantly higher in the vitreous samples from patients with PDR than in the samples from the nondiabetic controls (p<0.001 for all comparisons). The MMP-14 levels in patients with PDR with active neovascularization were statistically significantly higher than those in patients with inactive PDR (p<0.001). There were statistically significant positive correlations between levels of MMP-14 and levels of VEGF (r = 0.3; p = 0.032) and MMP-9 (r = 0.54; p<0.001). In the epiretinal membranes, MMP-14 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells, leukocytes, and myofibroblasts. Statistically significant positive correlations were detected between the numbers of blood vessels expressing CD31 and the numbers of blood vessels (r = 0.74; p = 0.004) and stromal cells (r = 0.72; p = 0.005) expressing MMP-14. Statistically significant increases of MMP-14 mRNA and protein were detected in rat retinas after induction of diabetes. Conclusions These results suggest that MMP-14 is involved in PDR angiogenesis.
The Association between Age, Comorbidities and Use of Radiotherapy in Women with Breast Cancer: Implications for Survival

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in the management and survival of patients with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association between age, comorbidities and use of RT in this population. Methods: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2004–2013 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database (NCDB). Follow-up time was measured from the date of diagnosis (baseline) to the date of death or censoring. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used as the measure of association. Results: Independently of comorbidities and other important outcome-related factors, patients >65 years of age who received RT survived significantly longer than those who did not receive RT (aHR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.52–0.54). However, as women aged, those with comorbidities were less likely to receive RT (adjusted p-trend by age < 0.0001). Conclusions: The development of decision-making tools to assist clinicians, and older women with breast cancer and comorbidities, are needed to facilitate personalized treatment plans regarding RT. This is particularly relevant as the population ages and the number of women with breast cancer is expected to increase in the near future.
Efficient Bayesian Inference for a Gaussian Process Density Model

We reconsider a nonparametric density model based on Gaussian processes. By augmenting the model with latent Polya--Gamma random variables and a latent marked Poisson process we obtain a new likelihood which is conjugate to the model's Gaussian process prior. The augmented posterior allows for efficient inference by Gibbs sampling and an approximate variational mean field approach. For the latter we utilise sparse GP approximations to tackle the infinite dimensionality of the problem. The performance of both algorithms and comparisons with other density estimators are demonstrated on artificial and real datasets with up to several thousand data points.
TCMHG: Topic-Based Cross-Modal Hypergraph Learning for Online Service Recommendations

Online product reviews sentiment classification plays an important role on service recommendation, yet most of current researches on it only focus on single-modal information ignoring the complementary information, that results in unsatisfied accuracy of sentiment classification. This paper proposes a cross-modal hypergraph model to capture textual information and sentimental information simultaneously for sentiment classification of reviews. Furthermore, a mixture model by coupling the latent Dirichlet allocation topic model with the proposed cross-modal hypergraph is designed to mitigate the ambiguity of some specific words, which may express opposite polarity in different contexts. Experiments are carried out on four-domain data sets (books, DVD, electronics, and kitchen) to evaluate the proposed approaches by comparison with lexicon-based method, Naïve Bayes, maximum entropy, and support vector machine. Results demonstrate that our schemes outperform the baseline methods in sentiment classification accuracy.
Does Perceived Corruption Moderate the Relationship Between Economic Factors and Tax Compliance? A Proposed Framework for Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises

Tax compliance has been an issue for policy makers all over the world. Even though, few studies have considered the influence of economic factors on tax compliance, they have reported mixed findings. Therefore a moderating construct is suggested. As such, the main objective of this study is to propose the inclusion of the moderating role of perceived corruption on the relationship between economic factors and tax compliance behaviour among the Nigerian SMEs. If the proposed model is validated, the research will be useful to government, practitioners, states internal revenue service's and other regulatory authorities for policy formulations and evaluation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016. v7n1p402
A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

ABSTRACT Based on 12 well-preserved skeletons of postmetamorphic individuals, a new crown-group frog taxon is named and described from the Lower Cretaceous Guanghua (upper part of Longjiang) Formation (stratigraphic equivalent of the world-famed Yixian Formation) exposed in Dayangshu Basin, Hulunbuir, in the far northeast of Inner Mongolia, China. The new taxon, Genibatrachus baoshanensis, documents another Early Cretaceous anuran having reduction of the presacral vertebrae to eight in number, similar to several frog taxa of roughly the same age from Spain and Brazil. The new frog also displays several features that are ontogenetically and phylogenetically informative, including ontogenetic fusion of the palatine to the sphenethmoid, and ontogenetic fusion of ribs to the diapophyses of the posterior trunk vertebrae. In addition, the new discovery extends the geographic range of Early Cretaceous frogs of the Jehol Biota northward to near the 50th parallel north in East Asia.
Response to: 'Schizophrenia and celiac disease: which is the role of the gluten-free diet?'

Karn Wijarnpreecha, Veeravich Jaruvongvanich, Wisit Cheungpasitporn and Patompong Ungprasert, Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA and Department of Research and Development, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
“Will I need to take these medications for the rest of my life?”

Jeffrey A. Lieberman Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA 1. Dunitz M. Ten years that changed the face of mental illness. London: Livery House, 1999. 2. Davis JM, Andriukaitis S. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1986;6:2S-10S. 3. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP et al. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1209-23. 4. Wyatt RJ. Schizophr Bull 1991;17:325-51. 5. Penttila M, Jaaskelainen E, Hirvonen N et al. Br J Psychiatry 2014;205:88-94. 6. van Haren NE, Schnack HG, Cahn W et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68:871-80. 7. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB et al. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-8. 8. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. JAMA 2002;288:2981-97. 9. Correll CU, Rubio JM, Kane JM. World Psychiatry 2018;17:149-60. 10. Lieberman JA. Shrinks: the untold story of psychiatry. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2015. 11. Tiihonen J, Tanskanen A, Taipale H. Am J Psychiatry (in press).