Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in Deep-neural-network-based Dialogue Systems

In this study, we introduce trends in neural-network-based deep learning research applied to dialogue systems. Recently, end-to-end trainable goal-oriented dialogue systems using long short-term memory, sequence-to-sequence models, among others, have been studied to overcome the difficulties of domain adaptation and error recognition and recovery in traditional pipeline goal-oriented dialogue systems. In addition, some research has been conducted on applying reinforcement learning to end-to-end trainable goal-oriented dialogue systems to learn dialogue strategies that do not appear in training corpora. Recent neural network models for end-to-end trainable chit-chat systems have been improved using dialogue context as well as personal and topic information to produce a more natural human conversation. Unlike previous studies that have applied different approaches to goal-oriented dialogue systems and chit-chat systems respectively, recent studies have attempted to apply end-to-end trainable approaches based on deep neural networks in common to them. Acquiring dialogue corpora for training is now necessary. Therefore, future research will focus on easily and cheaply acquiring dialogue corpora and training with small annotated dialogue corpora and/or large raw dialogues.
The Enemy Among Us: Detecting Hate Speech with Threats Based 'Othering' Language Embeddings

Offensive or antagonistic language targeted at individuals and social groups based on their personal characteristics (also known as cyber hate speech or cyberhate) has been frequently posted and widely circulated viathe World Wide Web. This can be considered as a key risk factor for individual and societal tension linked toregional instability. Automated Web-based cyberhate detection is important for observing and understandingcommunity and regional societal tension - especially in online social networks where posts can be rapidlyand widely viewed and disseminated. While previous work has involved using lexicons, bags-of-words orprobabilistic language parsing approaches, they often suffer from a similar issue which is that cyberhate can besubtle and indirect - thus depending on the occurrence of individual words or phrases can lead to a significantnumber of false negatives, providing inaccurate representation of the trends in cyberhate. This problemmotivated us to challenge thinking around the representation of subtle language use, such as references toperceived threats from "the other" including immigration or job prosperity in a hateful context. We propose anovel framework that utilises language use around the concept of "othering" and intergroup threat theory toidentify these subtleties and we implement a novel classification method using embedding learning to computesemantic distances between parts of speech considered to be part of an "othering" narrative. To validate ourapproach we conduct several experiments on different types of cyberhate, namely religion, disability, race andsexual orientation, with F-measure scores for classifying hateful instances obtained through applying ourmodel of 0.93, 0.86, 0.97 and 0.98 respectively, providing a significant improvement in classifier accuracy overthe state-of-the-art
Spam profiles detection on social networks using computational intelligence methods: The effect of the lingual context

In online social networks, spam profiles represent one of the most serious security threats over the Internet; if they do not stop producing bad advertisements, they can be exploited by criminals for various purposes. This article addresses the nature and the characteristics of spam profiles in a social network like Twitter to improve spam detection, based on a number of publicly available language-independent features. In order to investigate the effectiveness of these features in spam detection, four datasets are extracted for four different language contexts (i.e. Arabic, English, Korean and Spanish), and a fifth is formed by combining them all. We conduct our experiments using a set of five well-known classification algorithms in spam detection field, k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN), Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT) (J48) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers, along with five filter-based feature selection methods, namely, Information Gain, Chi-square, ReliefF, Correlation and Significance. The results show oscillating performance of each classifier across all datasets, but improved classification results with feature selection. In addition, detailed analysis and comparisons are carried out on two different levels: in the first level, we compare the selected features’ importance among the feature selection methods, whereas in the second level, we observe the relations and the importance of the selected features across all datasets. The findings of this article lead to a better understanding of social spam and improving detection methods by considering the various important features resulting from the different lingual contexts.
Bases moleculares del cáncer colorrectal: ¿Hacia un manejo individualizado?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a highly relevant condition nowadays. In this respect, advances in the understanding of its molecular basis are key for an adequate management. From the time when the adenoma-carcinoma sequence was formulated as a carcinogenesis model to this day, when, among other things, three major carcinogenic pathways have been identified, the CRC concept has evolved from that of a single disease to the notion that each CRC is a differentiated condition in itself. The suppressor or chromosome instability pathway, the mutator or microsatellite instability pathway, and the methylator or CpG island methylation pathway allow various phenotypes to be identified within CRC. Similarly, the presence of different changes in certain genes confers several behaviors on CRC from both the prognostic and responsive standpoints to specific therapies. However, this apparent complexity does help develop the clinical management of this disease through the identification of novel, more specific therapy targets, and also markers for various behaviors within the condition, which will most likely lead us to an individualized management for these patients.
A Probabilistic Topic Model based on an Arbitrary-Length Co-occurrence Window

Probabilistic topic models have been very popular in automatic text analysis since their introduction. These models work based on word co-occurrence, but are not very flexible with respect to the context in which cooccurrence is considered. Many probabilistic topic models do not allow for taking local or spatial data into account. In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic topic model that benefits from an arbitrary-length co-occurrence window and encodes local word dependencies for extracting topics. We assume a multinomial distribution with Dirichlet prior over the window positions to let the words in every position have a chance to influence topic assignments. In the proposed model, topics being shown by word pairs have a more meaningful presentation. The model is applied on a dataset of 2000 documents. The proposed model produces interesting meaningful topics and reduces the problem of sparseness.
Osteoradionecrosis of the Mandible: Scientific Basis for Clinical Staging

Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible can be a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. The disorder generally presents in one of several distinct clinical variations. This is probably because of a complex interaction of etiologic factors. A clinical staging system for the disorder is described. Such a system is necessary for the conduct of clinical research, and for the development and assessment of treatment regimens.
The Economic Impact of AIDS Treatment

Using longitudinal survey data collected in collaboration with a treatment program, this paper estimates the economic impacts of antiretroviral treatment. The responses in two outcomes are studied: (1) labor supply of treated adult AIDS patients; and (2) labor supply of individuals in patients’ households. Within six months after treatment initiation, there is a 20 percent increase in the likelihood of the patient participating in the labor force and a 35 percent increase in weekly hours worked. Young boys in treated patients’ households work significantly less after treatment initiation, while girls and adult household members do not change their labor supply.
Evaluation of Poisoning and Drug Overdose among Cases Presented to Poison Control Centre, Ain Shams University Hospital during the Year 2015

In the country's most high profile case “Shopian Rape and murder case” in which bodies of two female victims named ‘Asiya Jaan’ and ‘Neelofar Jaan’ were found in Rambiara water stream on 30thMay’2009 at Jammu and Kashmir. The investigations first declared it to be rape and murder. Later the case was sensitized in which the doctors opined that the hymen of deceased ‘Asiya Jaan’ was intact and the injury on the forehead was not enough to cause death. While another deceased ‘Neelofar Jaan’ was married on whom no antemortem injuries were found. The diatom test was conducted at Forensic Science Laboratory (Haryana) Madhuban which showed the presence of diatoms in the biological tissue samples of ‘Asiya Jaan’ and ‘Neelofar Jaan’ and in the water sample of the stream. After the diatom test medical doctors opined that death of two female victims was due to antemortem drowning.
Residential care home workforce development: the rhetoric and reality of meeting older residents’ care needs.

This study reports on different approaches to enhancing health and social care for older people in UK residential homes through up-skilling care home staff. It provides evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of such approaches, discusses barriers and facilitators, and identifies challenges for the future. This research contributes to current debates concerning provision of a ‘home for life’, the funding of long-term care, better quality of life for older people with high support needs, integrated health and social care working, and inter-professional boundaries. Three approaches to workforce development involving the up-skilling of care home staff are explored in depth. Results are presented from the perspectives of local and national stakeholders, care home staff, and residents and relatives. The findings will be of relevance to: policy-makers, regulators, educators, residential home employers and staff, commissioners, community health and social care professionals, care home residents and their relatives, and older people and their representative organisations. The report covers: • new approaches to providing enhanced care in residential care homes; • enhanced activities undertaken by care staff and sources of learning; • development of a ‘new role’ carer professional workforce; • ways of working in practice; • residents’ and relatives’ experiences; • implications for the future of residential care.
Évaluation du risque génotoxique chez les infirmiers manipulant les cytostatiques

L'objectif de ce travail est d'evaluer l'exposition aux cytostatiques par le calcul de l'indice de contact cytostatique et biometrologie (tests de genotoxicite) afin de proposer une strategie de prevention adequate. Il s'agit d'une etude analytique, portant sur 20 infirmiers du service de carcinologie du CHU Farhat Hached de Sousse-Tunisie, exposes aux cytostatiques, compares a 20 temoins non exposes. Les deux populations de l'etude ont ete appariees selon le sexe, l'âge et le tabagisme. L'evaluation du risque genotoxique a ete realisee par la recherche des aberrations chromosomiques et par le test des micronoyaux. La determination du niveau de l'exposition aux cytostatiques a ete faite par le calcul de l'indice de l'exposition a ces drogues. L'âge moyen des exposes etait de 36 ans. Une predominance feminine (80 %) a ete notee. L'anciennete moyenne de l'exposition aux cytostatiques etait de 6,1 ans. L'indice de contact cytostatique moyen calcule pour l'ensemble des infirmiers, pendant un jour normal, etait de 1,5. Cependant cet indice devient plus eleve (> 3) lorsque l'infirmier est affecte a l'hopital de jour. Le taux des lymphocytes binuclees micronuclees (9,40 ‰ vs 4,35 ‰) ainsi que la frequence des cassures chromosomiques (1,85 % vs 0,30 %) etaient significativement plus eleves dans la population des exposes par rapport aux temoins. En conclusion, dans notre etude, l'application des tests de genotoxicite a permis de detecter chez ces employes la presence des effets mutagenes d'un environnement professionnel potentiellement cancerogene. Ces constatations nous incitent a appuyer la demande de la mise en place des moyens de prevention.
Clinical and Laboratory Features and Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.657 Received: 26.03. 2011 Accepted: 08.04. 2011 Printed: 01.04. 2012 J Clin Anal Med 2012;3(2): 194-7 Corresponding Author: Mete Akın, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı, Çünür Mahallesi, Isparta, Türkiye. T. : 05055732010, 02462112878 F. : 02462370240 E-Mail: drmeteakin@hotmail.com Özet Amaç: Çölyak hastalığı, glutene karşı gelişen immün yanıt sonucu ortaya çıkan otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Erişkindeki başlangıç bulgu sıklıkla diyare olmakla birlikte anemi, osteoporoz, nonspesifik transaminaz yüksekliği ve gelişme geriliği gibi bazı ekstraintestinal bulgularla da ortaya çıkabilir. Bu yazıda, erişkin çölyak hastalarımızın başvuru semptomları, ekstraintestinal bulguları ve eşlik eden hastalıkları incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2007 ile Eylül 2010 arasında Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı’nda çölyak hastalığı tanısı ile takip edilen 22 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların başvurusundaki semptomlar, ekstraintestinal bulgular ve eşlik eden hastalıklar değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 13’ü (% 59) kadın, 9’u (% 41) erkekti. Tanıdaki ortalama yaş 38,5 yıldı. En sık başvuru yakınması ishal ve halsizlik-kuvvetsizlikti. Hastaların hepsinde doku transglutaminazı ve/veya antiendomisyum antikorları pozitifti ve tanı histopatolojik olarak doğrulanmıştı. 17 hastada (% 77) demir eksikliği, 8 hastada (% 36) vitamin B12 eksikliği ve 6 hastada folik asit (% 27) eksikliği vardı. 8 hastada (% 36) karaciğer enzim yüksekliği mevcuttu. 4 kadın ve 1 erkek hastada osteoporoz, 2 hastada sensorimotor polinöropati saptanmıştı. 2 hastada büyüme-gelişme geriliği mevcuttu. 2 hastada otoimmün hipotiroidi, 1 hastada Tip 1 diyabetes mellitus saptanmıştı. Bir hastada eş zamanlı Crohn hastalığı tanısı konulmuştu. Sonuç: Erişkinlerde çölyak hastalığı ekstraintestinal bulgular ile de ortaya çıkabilir. Özellikle nedeni açıklanamayan demir eksikliği anemisinde ve hafif-orta derecede transaminaz yüksekliklerinde çölyak hastalığı da akla getirilmelidir. Kronik diyaresi olan her hastada çölyak hastalığı da olabileceği düşünülmeli ve erken tanı ve uygun tedavi ile özellikle malabsorbsiyonun neden olduğu anemi, osteoporoz ve gelişme geriliği gibi komplikasyonlar önlenmelidir.
Breast reconstruction following prophylactic or therapeutic mastectomy for breast cancer: Recommendations from an evidence-based provincial guideline

The side effects of mastectomy can be significant. Breast reconstruction may alleviate some distress; however, there are currently no provincial recommendations regarding the integration of reconstruction with breast cancer therapy. The purpose of the present article is to provide evidence-based strategies for the management of patients who are candidates for reconstruction. A systematic review of meta-analyses, guidelines, clinical trials and comparative studies published between 1980 and 2013 was conducted using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Reference lists of publications were manually searched for additional literature. The National Guidelines Clearinghouse and SAGE directory, as well as guideline developers' websites, were also searched. Recommendations were developed based on the available evidence. Reconstruction consultation should be made available for patients undergoing mastectomy. Tumour characteristics, cancer therapy, patient comorbidities, body habitus and smoking history may affect reconstruction outcomes. Although immediate reconstruction should be considered whenever possible, delayed reconstruction is acceptable when immediate is not available or appropriate. The integration of reconstruction and postmastectomy radiotherapy should be addressed in a multidisciplinary setting. The decision as to which type of procedure to perform (autologous or alloplastic with or without acellular dermal matrices) should be left to the discretion of the surgeons and the patient after providing counselling. Skin-sparing mastectomy is safe and appropriate. Nipple-sparing is generally not recommended for patients with malignancy, but could be considered for carefully selected patients. Immediate reconstruction requires resources to coordinate operating room time between the general and plastic surgeons, to provide supplies including acellular dermal matrices, and to develop the infrastructure needed to facilitate multidisciplinary discussions.
Streptozotosin ile oluşturulan deneysel diyabette melatonin\'in olası koruyucu etkisinin araştırılması

Objective: This experimental study aims to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on the enzymes\', which regulate glucose metabolism in liver tissue. Methods: In this experimental study, four-month-old male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups as 7 rats in each group. Rats were grouped as control group, diabetic group, melatonin protecting group, as well as melatonin treatment group. Before the streptozotocin implementation to melatonin protecting group (seven days ago) everyday at 18.00 melatonin was implemented for seven days. On the other hand melatonin was implemented to melatonin treatment group after streptozotocin implementation everyday at 18.00 for seven days. Only a single dose of streptozotocin was implemented to diabetic group. Control group had no intervention throughout the study. In the end of the experiment, blood was taken and rats were sacrificed. Before the sacrifice process rats\' fasting blood pressure was measured. Hexokinases, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose - 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose -6 phosphate dehydrogenase levels were measured in the liver samples. Results: Between control and experimental groups of rats, there are statistically significant differences between control and experimental groups for all parameters. Melatonin protecting group levels of investigated parameters were more close to that of control groups\' values and results are statistically significant. Moreover, melatonin treatment group showed a protective effect. However it is not effective as melatonin protecting group. Conclusion: It can be suggested that melatonin shows protective effect on enzymes related to glucose metabolism in the liver tissue in a model of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (4): 592-598
Network Optimization in the Open Stack Cloud

Cloud systems software requires a VM placement engine that decides where to place the virtual machine in the environment. The placement engine in the cloud platform such as OpenStack considers multiple constraints when launching a new instance, including required compute and memory resources. This placement mechanism does not considers network requirements of VM In this paper, we propose the solution to optimize the network resources which is easily integrated in the OpenStack placement engine. Our solution keeps the track of the the traffic following within the physical network devices and the appropriate action is taken to optimize the network resources including migration of existing VM. General Terms VMVirtual Machine OpenStackOpen Stack cloud software CPUCentral Processing Unit RAMRandom Access Memory
A food-based approach to increase egg and protein intake in community dwelling British older adults aged over 55 years old

Dietary protein has an important impact on health, physical functioning, and muscle mass, and the prevalence of protein specific under-nutrition is high among older adults. Eggs are a nutrient dense, high quality source of protein. Compared to other protein rich foods, eggs are easy to cook, of low cost, long shelf life, soft texture, and they are familiar to most people. Therefore this PhD project aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators specific to egg intake in older adults, and use these in a food-based approach to increase egg and dietary protein intake in community dwelling older adults aged over 55 years old. Focus groups were used to identify reasons for eating or not eating eggs in adults aged 55 years and older. The 69 different reasons found were then used to design a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire results reveal that the questionnaire statements (based on the reasons) can significantly predict egg consumption in a population wide sample of British older adults. The reasons significantly related to egg consumption reveal several topics to focus on when designing strategies to increase egg consumption in older adults. One of the outcomes showed that older adults who eat more eggs report thinking eggs taste good and add variety to the diet. Adding flavour and more variety may encourage intakes in those who consume fewer eggs. A randomized controlled intervention study was designed to increase egg and protein intake, by providing recipes of protein-rich egg-based meals and herb/spice packets to encourage the addition of flavour and variety to the diet. The results showed that being in the intervention group was significantly related to higher egg intake at a follow up session at the end of the study, but not directly after the intervention. Protein intake was not different between the groups at either of the time points. The current research has showed that exposing older adults to recipes and herb/spice packets can change their egg consumption, and may therefore be helpful in an easy to implement and cost effective strategy to change eating behaviour in older adults.
Harnessing B cells for cancer immunotherapy.

B cells are a heterogeneous population in immune defense system with multidirectional functions. In cancer patients, B cell infiltrates are associated with a significant increase of overall survival. We have recently developed a GM-CSF and IL-4 derived fusion cytokine named GIFT4, which has the capability to prime naive B cells into anti-tumor immune effector cells. Herein, we overview current research findings on B cell anti-tumor functions and B cell-based approaches for cancer immunotherapy. We predict that GIFT4- augmented B cells as a potent cellular therapeutic could provide a new approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Effects of adherence to Korean diets on serum GGT and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes

본 연구는 고혈압 및 당뇨병 치료 중인 환자 41명을 대상으로 한식 섭취가 12주간의 경과 과정에서 4차례의 방문(0주, 4주, 8주, 12주)을 통해 측정한 혈청 GGT, 혈압 및 glycemic control data, 심혈관계 위험지표 및 식이섭취의 변화를 비교 평가한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 연구대상자는 평균 연령은 $61.8{\pm}1.9$ .
Substance Abuse Prevention for High-Risk Youth: Exploring Culture and Alcohol and Drug Use

Lori K. Holleran is Assistant Professor, The University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work. Margaret A. Taylor-Seehafer is Assistant Professor, The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing. Elizabeth C. Pomeroy is Associate Professor and BSW Program Director, The University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work. James Alan Neff is Professor and Director of Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College. This study was funded by the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research in Underserved Populations (CHPR), The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing Grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health. The researchers would like to acknowledge the groundwork provided by the NIDA-funded Drug Resistance Strategies Project (Co-PIS Dr. Flavio Marsiglia and Dr. Michael Hecht).