Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Native atomic burials, supplemented by physically motivated hydrogen bond constraints, contain sufficient information to determine the tertiary structure of small globular proteins

We investigate the possibility that atomic burials, as measured by their distances from the structural geometrical center, contain sufficient information to determine the tertiary structure of globular proteins. We report Monte Carlo simulated annealing results of all‐atom hard‐sphere models in continuous space for four small proteins: the all‐β WW‐domain 1E0L, the α/β protein‐G 1IGD, the all‐α engrailed homeo‐domain 1ENH, and the α + β engineered monomeric form of the Cro protein 1ORC. We used as energy function the sum over all atoms, labeled by i, of |Ri − R i* |, where Ri is the atomic distance from the center of coordinates, or central distance, and R i* is the “ideal” central distance obtained from the native structure. Hydrogen bonds were taken into consideration by the assignment of two ideal distances for backbone atoms forming hydrogen bonds in the native structure depending on the formation of a geometrically defined bond, independently of bond partner. Lowest energy final conformations turned out to be very similar to the native structure for the four proteins under investigation and a strong correlation was observed between energy and distance root mean square deviation (DRMS) from the native in the case of all‐β 1E0L and α/β 1IGD. For all α 1ENH and α + β 1ORC the overall correlation between energy and DRMS among final conformations was not as high because some trajectories resulted in high DRMS but low energy final conformations in which α‐helices adopted a non‐native mutual orientation. Comparison between central distances and actual accessible surface areas corroborated the implicit assumption of correlation between these two quantities. The Z‐score obtained with this native‐centric potential in the discrimination of native 1ORC from a set of random compact structures confirmed that it contains a much smaller amount of native information when compared to a traditional contact Go potential but indicated that simple sequence‐dependent burial potentials still need some improvement in order to attain a similar discriminability. Taken together, our results suggest that central distances, in conjunction to physically motivated hydrogen bond constraints, contain sufficient information to determine the native conformation of these small proteins and that a solution to the folding problem for globular proteins could arise from sufficiently accurate burial predictions from sequence followed by minimization of a burial‐dependent energy function. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abortion in Asia.

*Difference between 2010–2014 and 1990–1994 is statistically significant. †Abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44. SOURCE: Sedgh G et al., Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: global, regional, and subregional levels and trends, The Lancet, 2016, http://www.thelancet. com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30380-4/abstract. Region and subregion No. of abortions (millions) Abortion rate† % of pregnancies ending in abortion
Investor Response to Tax Related SEC Comment Letters

We examine if and when investors systematically respond to SEC comment letters focusing on comment letters that contain tax-related issues. Using a sample of more than 10,000 comment letters from the Audit Analytics' SEC Comment Letter Database, we identify comment letters related to tax issues. Prior research has documented that the receipt of a comment letter can be important to future accounting disclosures but has generally failed to document investor responses. We focus on tax issues as prior research has documented changes in tax paying behavior following the receipt of comment letters by firms. Because of this change in future cash flows, we expect investors to revise their valuations of firms receiving tax related comment letters. We hypothesize, and find evidence consistent with more negative responses to tax related comment letters for tax aggressive firms. Our findings shed light on the role of comment letters in the capital markets and also contribute to the literature on the role of taxes in valuation.
Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment1

Despite a great deal of interest in a possible decline of social capital in the United States, scholars have not reached a consensus on the trend. This article improves upon previous research by providing a model of social capital that has explicit links to theories of social capital and that analyzes multiple indicators of social capital over a 20‐year period. The results do not consistently support Putnam's claim of a decline in social capital, showing instead some decline in a general measure of social capital, a decline in trust in individuals, no general decline in trust in institutions, and no decline in associations.
The current system associated with the boundary of plasma bubbles

The current system associated with the boundary of plasma bubbles in the Earth's magnetotail has been studied by employing Cluster multipoint observations. We have investigated the currents in both the dipolarization front (DF, leading edge of the plasma bubble) and the trailing edge of the plasma bubble. The distribution of currents at the edge indicates that there is a current circuit in the boundary of a plasma bubble. The field‐aligned currents in the trailing edge of the plasma bubble are flowing toward the ionosphere (downward) on the dawnside and away from the ionosphere (upward) on the duskside, in the same sense as region‐1 current. Together with previous studies of the current distributions in the DF and magnetic dip region, we have obtained a more complete picture of the current system surrounding the boundary of plasma bubble. This current system is very similar to the substorm current wedge predicted by MHD simulation models but with much smaller scale.
SAT-ATPG using preferences for improved detection of complex defect mechanisms

Failures caused by phenomena such as crosstalk or power-supply noise are gaining in importance in advanced nanoscale technologies. The detection of such complex defects benefits from the satisfaction of certain constraints, for instance justifying specific transitions on neighbouring lines of the defect location. We present a SAT-based ATPG-tool that supports the enhanced conditional multiple-stuck-at fault model (ECMS@). This model can specify multiple fault locations along with a set of hard conditions imposed on arbitrary lines; hard conditions must hold in order for the fault effect to become active. Additionally, optimisation constraints that may be required for best coverage can be specified via a set of soft conditions. The introduced tool justifies as many of these conditions as possible, using a mechanism known as SAT with preferences. Several applications are discussed and evaluated by extensive experimental data. Furthermore, a novel fault-clustering technique is introduced, thanks to which the time required to classify all stuck-at faults in a suite of industrial benchmarks was reduced by up to 65%.
External Financing of Azerbaijani Agriculture

The article investigates formation and normal activity of human capital which performs main resource of modern economic development and influence of external financing in the field of food security, which acts as the main part of economy of Azerbaijan that newly got independence. Roles of subsidy, microfinancing and loans were examined. It is confirmed Ntional Fund for Entrepreneurship Support (NFES) of the Republic that allocated the agricultural sector production and processing of loans, provision of bank loans to the agricultural sector. Under the influence of the economic performance of the agricultural sector development trends of the loan were based on the economic and mathematical models and charts were drawn. By the time forecasts were prepared it became clear that loans, especially state finance support depend on oil sphere.
Transmission of signals by synchronization in a chaotic Van der Pol-Duffing oscillator.

We investigate the phenomenon of chaos synchronization and efficient signal transmission in a physically interesting model, namely, the Van der Pol\char21{}Duffing oscillator. A criterion for synchronization based on asymptotic stability is discussed. By considering a cascaded synchronization system, we investigate the possibility of the secure communication of analog signals.
Complex Dental Structure and Wear Biomechanics in Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs

A Toothy Problem Large mammalian herbivores such as horses and bison are well known to possess a complex, grinding dentition that facilitates processing of their tough, cellulose-rich plant diet. Hadrosaurid, or duck-billed, dinosaurs also possessed complex teeth, but how this was achieved has been unknown because reptiles typically possess simple teeth. Erickson et al. (p. 98) show how Hadrosaurs evolved teeth composed of six tissues, which allowed for the development of tooth complexity rivaling, or exceeding, that of modern herbivorous mammals. The teeth in duck-billed dinosaurs were as functionally refined as those of present-day mammals. Mammalian grinding dentitions are composed of four major tissues that wear differentially, creating coarse surfaces for pulverizing tough plants and liberating nutrients. Although such dentition evolved repeatedly in mammals (such as horses, bison, and elephants), a similar innovation occurred much earlier (~85 million years ago) within the duck-billed dinosaur group Hadrosauridae, fueling their 35-million-year occupation of Laurasian megaherbivorous niches. How this complexity was achieved is unknown, as reptilian teeth are generally two-tissue structures presumably lacking biomechanical attributes for grinding. Here we show that hadrosaurids broke from the primitive reptilian archetype and evolved a six-tissue dental composition that is among the most sophisticated known. Three-dimensional wear models incorporating fossilized wear properties reveal how these tissues interacted for grinding and ecological specialization.
Creative Tourism:An Endogenous Approach to Developing Culturally and Environmentally Sustainable Tourism

In this current era of globalization most of the destinations across the globe have started to look like the mirror images of one another. Destinations visited by tourists are very easily interchangeable as tourists always seek novelty. Creative tourism brings out the uniqueness of a destination by focusing on its quaint culture and heritage and stressing on co-creation of tourism products and services. This form of tourism provides a very deep and engaging experience to the guests. Local community is the most important stake holder in this form of tourism as the whole concept of creative tourism revolves around them. Keeping in view the rich cultural diversity of the Himachal Pradesh, a hill state of India, the paper has attempted to find out the present status of creative tourism in Himachal and to what extent it has been practiced and promoted among tourists visiting the State. Through this paper an attempt has been made to gauge the awareness level of tourists about creative tourism in Himachal and also to evaluate their willingness to participate in this form of tourism. It has been deduced from the survey of tourists that majority of the tourists would be very keen to participate in this form of tourism.
Who Moved My data? Information Privacy Concerns In the Big Data Era

Big data can bring public many benefits and opportunities. However, it also causes many critical issues. Privacy is one of the most important ethical issues in the information age, which has aroused public concerns. Users’ personal data will be collected and analyzed through big data technology, but in the process of data monitor and information collection, lots of security risks may threaten public’s data privacy. Some people may not fully aware that their information privacy is violated in many digital areas, so the essay will start from a case study of PRISM, which will help readers understand information privacy is a serious issue and the necessity of protecting public’s data privacy in contemporary. The next part is explaining causes of data breaches and illustrating the existing challenges in the era of big data. Finally, from the perspective of technology, legislation, and individuals, the essay introduces methods of protecting data privacy in big data era.
Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance on Modarba Companies of Pakistan: A Case Study of Top 5 Companies

In the decades or so there is many global financial crises that capture the attention of corporate governance in the whole world it is moral duty conform by law and showing ethics.so the country like Pakistan a developing country can used as a tool for financial performance. The study shows the impact of corporate Governance on firm performance of modarba companies of Pakistan . we can take top 5 companies of the industry from the period of 2011 to 2015.we can take board size, CEO duality, board committees, and board independence, as independent variable and ROA and ROE as dependent variable. After the research of that we find that overall corporate governance variable have significant impact on firm performance. There is no relationship between board size and all dependent variable. Board independence has positive and strong relationship on all variable However, there is negative correlated between CEO duality and all dependent variable but significantly related to ROA
Selfie and Personal Branding Phenomena in the Context of the Network Economy. A Literature Review

Self-taken pictures called “selfies” shared in social media have become a worldwide phenomenon. This is due to the increased need of human being to share to other people their daily lives and to build their own personal brand in the networked world. Despite that, the subject of personal branding has not been sufficiently discussed in academic marketing literature over the past decade. The objective of the study is to present the concept of personal branding and to better understand the role selfie has, being one of the most frequently used social network, in helping people to build personal branding in the online context. Based on a literature review, authors highlight that building a personal brand in the network economy is one of the key factors influencing a personal position in valued networks.
Transnational labor regulation, reification, and commodification: A critical review

Why does scholarship on transnational labor regulation (TLR) consistently fail to search for improvements in working conditions, and instead devotes itself to relentless efforts for identifying administrative processes, semantics, and amalgamations of stakeholders? This article critiques TLR from a pro-worker perspective, through the philosophical work of Georg Lukács, and the concepts of reification and commodification. A set of theoretically grounded criteria is developed and these are applied against selected contemporary cases of TLR. In the totality that is capitalism, reification of social relations of production conceals completely the experiences of workers. In TLR, managerialist and process-oriented scholarship is dominant, verifiable outcomes and positive improvements in conditions of employment are not sought, and worse, meaningless procedures are celebrated as positive achievements.
Considerations about ocular neoplasia of dogs and cats

As neoplasias oculares primarias, assim como as secundarias em caes e gatos podem se apresentar sob diversas formas. Os sinais clinicos sao variados e se manifestam de acordo com o tecido acometido. Visa-se com o presente artigo realizar uma breve revisao dos aspectos clinicos e fisiopatologicos mais significativos das neoplasias que acometem olhos e os anexos oculares de caes e gatos.
The Determinants of CEO risk-taking incentives and how CEOs respond to these incentives

This paper explores the determinants of CEO risk-taking incentives and how CEOs respond to these incentives. I find that firms that are characterised by growth options (i.e. high R&D and low CAPEX) provide more risk-taking incentives to their CEO. CEOs respond to these incentives by increasing the stock return volatility of the firm they manage. I measure risktaking incentives as the sensitivity of the CEO’s option portfolio to stock return volatility. The analysis is done on a new, manually gathered dataset, which consists of Dutch firms between 2003 and 2013. Master Thesis Financial Economics Erasmus University Rotterdam Erasmus School of Economics Student ID number: 351010 Name student: Joey Kluijtenberg Supervisor: Stefan Obernberger Second assessor: Daniel Urban Date final version: 10 of February 2019
Construction de l’ontologie Amine Arabic WordNet dans le cadre des systèmes Q/R

Dans le cadre des systemes Question/Reponse (Q/R) pour la langue Arabe, l’extension semantique des mots cles de la question traitee presente une des voies les plus prometteuses. Dans cet article nous presentons l’opportunite d’utiliser Arabic WordNet (AWN) comme ressource lexicale et semantique pour la construction d’une ontologie baptisee Amine AWN. Un exemple illustre l’apport de cette ontologie pour la recherche et l’extraction de la reponse finale.
Expression of E‐SOD, GPX5 mRNAs and immunoexpression of Cu/ZnSOD in epididymal epithelial cells of finasteride‐treated rats

We studied the immunoexpression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) and mRNAs expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (E‐SOD), and epididymal specific glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5), in epithelial cells of caput and cauda epididymis of rats treated with finasteride, a steroid‐based inhibitor of 5α‐reductase. The 5α‐reductase is known to exist in two isoforms. Both 5α‐red1 and 5α‐red2 catalyse the irreversible conversion of T into DHT. Formation of DHT in the epididymis is mostly due to the action of 5α‐red2 and finasteride is more potent inhibitor of this isoform. Rats were treated with finasteride for 56 days covering the duration of one spermatogenesis (four cycles of the seminiferous epithelium). Although E‐SOD mRNA is normally expressed in cells of cauda but not of caput epididymis, treatment with finasteride produced the E‐SOD transcript in cells of caput epididymis too. The GPX5 transcript was detected in cells of caput epididymis of control and experimental rats, but the level of expression measured densitometrically was significantly lower in finasteride‐treated rats. The immunoexpression of Cu/ZnSOD was also changed in epididymis of finasteride‐treated rats. Finasteride appears to change the pattern of expression of antioxidant enzymes and may alter the protective function of the epididymis in relation to spermatozoa.
The Risk Assessment Method in Prognostic Models of Production Systems Management with Account of the Time Factor

The possibility of planning risks assessment and the setting of the planning horizon are analysed with account of the time factor basing. A risk metrics approach is used, with risks estimated as a time function given in tabular form for the purposes of master production.Dependence of the integrated planning risks on the accuracy of forecasts used is proved and a time point is identified after which the risk assessment value increases sharply.The study enables to obtain the values of planning risks integral assessment in management problems using forecast data for groups of indicators and parameters involved in decision-making.
Towards a Privacy Impact Assessment Template for Mobile Health Data Collection Systems

Mobile Health (mHealth) refers to the use of mobile devices to support health care. Such technologies emerged, especially in developing countries, taking advantage of the flourishing mobile market. Many of them, however, do not properly address the privacy and data protection issues inherent to medical applications. For this reason, aiming to facilitate the developers’ work on implementing privacy, this paper motivates and preliminary proposes a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) template for Mobile Health Data Collection System (MDCS). PIA templates work as a guiding tool, allowing developers to: (a) understand important privacy principles, (b) identify the privacy threats in their MDCS, and (c) properly mitigate the privacy threats with proper use of technical and administrative controls. Ultimately, this research also intends to foster the development of relevant privacy frameworks for mHealth in general.
Variables Determinants of Social Performance And Islamic Banking and Conventional variable differentiator Social Performance Among Both Cases in Indonesia

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of risk variables, governance, financial performance, capital structure, asset structure, intermediation and human capital functions on the social performance of sharia commercial banks and conventional commercial banks as well as to test and analyze the influence of risk variables, governance, financial performance, capital structure, asset structure, intermediation functions and human capital towards social differences in performance between conventional and sharia commercial banks. The type of research used in this study is explanatory research, roomates explains the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable and comparative research, the which is research that is used to explain variables that influence the differences in social performance of Islamic banks and conventional commercial banks. The Populations in this study are commercial banks (conventional) and Islamic public banks in Indonesia. The purposive sampling technique was used to Obtain samples items, namely commercial banks (conventional) and sharia commercial banks in Indonesia to publish audited financial reports, annual reports and Reviews those that corporate social responsibility reports submitted between 2013 - 2017. Technical Data analysis used multiple regression and discriminant analysis. The analysis in this study tested the hypothesis. Multiple regression is used to analyze variables that Affect the social performance of conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks. While discriminant analysis is used to analyze what variables influence the social performance of conventional public commercial banks and Islamic banks in Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion concluded that (a) the variables of governance, capital structure, asset structure of human capital, risk, intermediation function and financial performance have no significant effect on the social performance of sharia commercial banks; (B) risk and financial performance variables have a significant effect on the social performance of conventional commercial banks. While the variables of governance, capital structure, asset structure of human capital, and intermediation function have no significant effect on the social performance of conventional commercial banks and (c) the variables of risk and financial performance have a significant effect on the performance of social Distinguishing between commercial Islamic banks and conventional commercial banks. While the variables of governance, capital structure, asset structure of human capital, and intermediation function do not Significantly influence between social performance of commercial Islamic banks and conventional commercial banks.