Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF PARALLEL COMPUTING IN PERFORMING AN UNSUPERVISED FLUOROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF KNEE JOINT KINEMATICS

Fluoroscopic analysis of knee joint kinematics involves accurately determining the position and orientation of bones in the knee joint. This data can be derived using the static 3-D CT scan images and 2-D video fluoroscopy images together. This involves generating hypothetical digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) from the CT scan image with known position and orientation and comparing them to the original fluoroscopic frame. This represents a search problem in which, among all the DRRs possible from a CT image, the image that matches the target fluoroscopy frame of the knee joint has to be searched. Each image in the search space differs from another by the set of position and orientation values. Position is defined by the x, y and z co-ordinates in the Cartesian coordinate system. Orientation is defined by the values of azimuth, elevation and rotation. Therefore this constitutes a six dimensional search problem. Using a brute force method to search for the target image which is associated with six independent values, each of which has a large range of possible values, can take a tremendous amount of time. The fact that the set of six values cannot be ordered or categorized in any way adds to the complexity of the search. Further, previous research conducted by Charles Scott et al. [1] suggests that even good sequential search algorithms such as the sequential Monte Carlo method can be very time-consuming. Therefore, a search solution which is suitable for this kind of 6-D search and one that provides a significant speedup has to be used. This thesis involves using Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques in a parallel computing environment to achieve faster results. Parallel programs are developed using two SI techniques, Bees Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization technique. v
Put Your Robot in, Put Your Robot out: Sequencing through Programming Robots in Early Childhood

This article examines the impact of programming robots on sequencing ability in early childhood. Thirty-four children (ages 4.5–6.5 years) participated in computer programming activities with a developmentally appropriate tool, CHERP, specifically designed to program a robot's behaviors. The children learned to build and program robots over three sessions, of 1.5 hours duration each, in a laboratory setting. The participants' sequencing skills were assessed before and after the intervention using a picture-story sequencing task. Pre- and post-test scores were compared using a paired sample t-test. A significant increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores was found.
Part‐of‐speech tagging

Presented here is a brief state‐of‐the‐art account on part‐of‐speech (POS) tagging. POS tagging is an essential preprocessing task for many natural language processing goals and applications. Some POS tagging approaches make use of annotated corpora to train computational models to perform the task with minimal human intervention. Rule‐based and stochastic methods have been successful, attaining accuracies of 96–97%. Representative approaches of these two methodologies are discussed. WIREs Comp Stat 2012, 4:107–113. doi: 10.1002/wics.195
Modeling Students Modeling Abilities: The Teaching and Learning of Complex Systems in Education

The word Tao usually is translated as way or path, but it refers to the deep structure of patterns and regularities beneath surface-level experiences. Similarly, Taoists use the terms naming or telling to refer to nearly any formal statement, proposition, or rule. So, for our purposes here, a particularization of Lao Tsu’s famous saying might be: The structure of things that can be reduced to a formal statement, proposition, or rule is not the true structure of things. This is, or should be, the central challenge that confronts learning scientists who hope to create models of the models (and/or underlying conceptual systems) that students develop to make sense of complex systems that occur in their lives. The challenge occurs because of the following mismatch. On the one hand, many currently prevailing cognitive science theories continue to rely implicitly (if not explicitly) on mechanistic information processing metaphors in which everything that students know is reduced to lists of condition–action rules. On the other hand, the most fundamental (systemic) characteristics of complex systems cannot be explained (or modeled) using only a single function—or even a list of functions; they arise from interactions among lower order/rule-governed agents—which function simultaneously and continuously, and which are not simply inert objects waiting to be activated by some external source. It is here where I think learning scientists could really have an impact, especially in understanding how to teach and learn about complex systems. THE JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES, 15(1), 45–52 Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
The Relative Instructional Efficiency of Small Group Computer-Based Training

Sixty-four subjects participated in three experiments which examined the relative instructional effectiveness of using small group CBT. For experiments 1 and 3, twelve subjects were assigned to either a group training condition (4 per terminal) or an individual training condition (1 per terminal). Eight subjects were assigned to one of the two training conditions in Experiment 2. The group training subjects consistently completed the courseware more quickly and with less difficulty than did the individual training condition subjects. Also, the group training subjects' learning was shown to be more resistant to forgetting. Finally, cooperative learning was prevalent with the group training subjects. This investigation thus documented the relative instructional efficiency of small group CBT for a procedural learning task.
Defect prevention activities and tools

An attempt is made to deal with human error in order to assure the quality of software. Human characteristics are classified into positive characteristics and negative characteristics. The NAZE NAZE (Why? Why? ) campaign, which corresponds to the positive characteristic, is being executed. This campaign is an effort to avoid repeating the same mistakes by analyzing bugs. The bug has valuable information even though it must not be allowed to remain in the software. Improvements in methods for detecting and removing bugs address the results of peoples' negative characteristics. The know how obtained by the NAZE NAZE campaign is used to improve these methods. These actions have proven to be effective in the detection and prevention of software bugs. <<ETX>>
Automatic orientation correction for radiographs

In picture archiving and communications systems (PACS), images need to be displayed in standardized ways for radiologists' interpretations. However, for most radiographs acquired by computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR), or digitized films, the image orientation is undetermined because of the variation of examination conditions and patient situations. To address this problem, an automatic orientation correction method is presented. It first detects the most indicative region for orientation in a radiograph, and then extracts a set of low-level visual features sensitive to rotation from the region. Based on these features, a trained classifier based on a support vector machine is employed to recognize the correct orientation of the radiograph and reorient it to a desired position. A large-scale experiment has been conducted on more than 12,000 radiographs covering a large variety of body parts and projections to validate the method. The overall performance is quite promising, with the success rate of orientation correction reaching 95.2%.
Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimizers: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art

The success of the Particle Swarm Optimiza- tion (PSO) algorithm as a single-objective optimizer (mainly when dealing with continuous search spaces) has motivated re- searchers to extend the use of this bio-inspired technique to other areas. One of them is multi-objective optimization. De- spite the fact that the first proposal of a Multi-Objective Par- ticle Swarm Optimizer (MOPSO) is over six years old, a con- siderable number of other algorithms have been proposed since then. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the vari- ous MOPSOs reported in the specialized literature. As part of this review, we include a classification of the approaches, and we identify the main features of each proposal. In the last part of the paper, we list some of the topics within this field that we consider as promising areas of future research.
A novel broadband microstrip antenna

A new approach for the design of broadband double-deck microstrip patch antenna is presented. It has been shown that the double-deck microstrip patch antenna can have a lower input VSWR and realize a flat gain within a desired bandwidth by adopting the combination method of the antenna's structure and matching network. The achieved input impedance bandwidth are 25% and 23% for a VSWR lower than 1.7 and 1.5 respectively.
Six tenets for developing an effective knowledge transfer strategy

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify common traits amongst complex, knowledge‐intensive organizations in their approach to managing their core business processes in a way that maximises knowledge transfer along these processes.Design/methodology/approach – The research follows an empirically‐based multiple case study approach across six national/multi‐national knowledge‐based organizations. A core‐complex process was identified within each organization, and key employees along the respective process where interviewed concerning the manner in which the processes were managed and modified.Findings – Those organizations that identified their core business processes as being responsive and flexible could be shown to adopt common traits in their approach to ensuring continued performance related knowledge transfer. However, those that had less‐responsive processes seemed to share similar issues; failure to align their knowledge strategy to their process development and failure to engage end‐use.
Control Flow Analyze for Procedure Blueprint

Based on the well-defined UML2.0 activity diagram, a meta-model based on Control Flow Diagram is presented. And our strategy in this article is to define an OCL-based mapping in a formal and verifiable form as consistency rules between an AISD and a CFG, so as to ensure the completeness of our meta-models and allow their verification. At last, we adopt a static analyze method to transform procedure blueprint to Control Flow diagram.
The Role of Visuospatial Resources in Generating Predictive and Bridging Inferences

It has been suggested that predictive and bridging inferences are generated at different levels of text representation: predictive inferences at a reader's situation model and bridging inferences at a reader's propositional textbase (Fincher-Kiefer, 1993, 1996; McDaniel, Schmalhofer, & Keefe, 2001; Schmalhofer, McDaniel, & Keefe, 2002). Recently, Fincher-Kiefer (2001) argued that the construction of the situation model may require visuospatial resources and demonstrated that this level of representation was impaired when readers were given a perceptual memory load but not a verbal memory load. This set of experiments test the hypothesis that if predictive inferences are generated at the level of a situation model, then this inference type but not necessarily bridging inferences should be disrupted by a concurrent visuospatial memory load. Experiments 1 and 2 employed a lexical decision task to measure inferential processing, and results supported this hypothesis. Experiments 3 and 4 employed a different measure, the contradiction effect, and results also provided support for the hypothesis. The selective interference effects found in these experiments suggest that predictive inferences require visuospatial resources but bridging inferences do not, and that these inferences may be constructed at different levels of text representation.
A system verification environment for mixed-signal SOC design based on IP bus

A reusable SoC verification environment is presented in this paper. This versatile environment, which is based on VSI Alliance IP bus standard, is in accordance with pervasive rules of IP reusing, and hence is suitable for varieties of designs. Through collaborating with other EDA tools, the environment has powerful capability to support HW/SW co-simulation and digital/analog co-simulation. To be user friendly, the environment is well organized to accommodate new IPs easily. It is configurable for verifications from system-level prototyping to gate level simulation. This environment works well for verifications of digital, analog and mixed-signal SoC designs.
Patterns of Sexuality and Reproduction

Why are more boys born than girls ? Can we choose the sex of our children ? Does the quality of intercourse affect the chance of having a baby ? Human reproduction is cumbersome, prolonged, and rather messy. It is no easy task to unravel the intricate patterns of the effects of cyclic, seasonal, and social variations on our sexual activity and our ability to reproduce. This account, with its clear and entertaining style, will appeal to all—from the layman, whose enthusiasm is mainly practical, to the medical student and general practitioner, for whom the subject is of professional interest. Illustrated.
An ISM band CMOS integrated wireless telemetry transceiver (in a 0.18 /spl mu/m copper CMOS process)

A 900 MHz CMOS BFSK transceiver is used as a test vehicle to evaluate the impact of copper interconnect on CMOS RF circuit performance. The RF front-end contains spiral inductors and fractal capacitors, whose parasitics degrade the receiver sensitivity. It is shown that spiral inductor quality factors (Qs) are on average 70 % higher when copper interconnect is used in place of aluminum, while capacitor Qs are also improved significantly. As a result, the front-end receiver gain is increased by nearly 4 dB and the receiver noise figure is reduced by more than 1 dB when copper is used instead of aluminum. The 20 mW transceiver fabricated in the 0.18 /spl mu/m copper UMC process can achieve a 0.1 % BER for a -98 dBm input, while operating at 200 kb/s data. The maximum power output of transmit section is +10 dBm.
Cloud Computing Based PHR Architecture Using Multi Layers Model

There are important requirements for the adoption of innovative practices in the medical area. In this context, Personal Health Records have been proposed and some services have already been launched. However so far, there have been only a few studies in regards to applying Cloud architecture for PHR, despite the occurrence of a large volume of data. In particular, the existing studies tend to remain at applying them partly, instead of a full adoption based on the architectural characteristics of the service models. In this paper, we clarify the result of the general architecture design by applying the Cloud components for supporting healthcare record areas and highlight the required conditions to realize it. Through the proposed considerations the requirement for the new techniques of query processing has been identified as one of the critical factors, that are combined with several items such as managing semantic interoperability, managing service level agreement and secret sharing, Accordingly, we propose the primary work for building the standardized, detailed and more sophisticated architecture.
Phase compensation of rate limiters in unstable aircraft

For a modern aerodynamically unstable fighter, like the JAS 39 Gripen, the flight control system typically provides 45/spl deg/ phase margin. Therefore rate limiting of control surfaces, which may cause large phase shifts, is an important issue. Software rate limiters are placed on the control servo commands in order to prevent the hydraulic servos from rate limiting. When a rate limiter is saturated, the phase shift drastically reduces the stability margins of the closed loop and increases the risk for pilot-induced oscillation (PIO). This paper describes a novel method for compensating the phase shift of a rate limiter. In contrast to earlier phase compensation methods, this method uses feedback instead of logic or feedforward. Open loop and closed loop properties of the method are discussed. The method gives a drastic improvement on stability margins and reduces PIO tendencies.
Displacement Estimation By Hierarchical Blockmatching

A hierarchical blockmatching algorithm for the estimation of displacement vector fields in digital television sequences is presented. Known blockmatching techniques fail frequently as a result of using a fixed measurement window size. Using distinct sizes of measurement windows at different levels of a hierarchy, the presented blockmatching technique yields reliable and homogeneous displacement vector - fields, which are close to the true displacements, rather than only a match in the sense of a minimum mean absolute luminance difference. In the environment of a low bit rate hybrid coder for image sequences, the hierarchical blockmatching algorithm is well suited for both, motion compensating prediction, and motion compensating interpolation. Compared to other high sophisticated displacement estimation techniques, the computational effort is decreased drastically. Due to the regularity and the very small number of necessary operations, the presented hierarchical blockmatching algorithm can be implemented in hardware very easily.
IMPLEMENTATION OF REDUCING FEATURES TO IMPROVE CODE CHANGE BASED BUG PREDICTION BY USING COS-TRIAGE ALGORITHM

Today, we are getting plenty of bugs in the software because of variations in the software and hardware technologies. Bugs are nothing but Software faults, existing a severe challenge for system reliability and dependability. To identify the bugs from the software bug prediction is convenient approach. To visualize the presence of a bug in a source code file, recently, Machine learning classifiers approach is developed. Because of a huge number of machine learned features current classifier-based bug prediction have two major problems i) inadequate precision for practical usage ii) measured prediction time. In this paper we used two techniques first, cos-triage algorithm which have a go to enhance the accuracy and also lower the price of bug prediction and second, feature selection methods which eliminate less significant features. Reducing features get better the quality of knowledge extracted and also boost the speed of computation.
Normative Data on Hand Grip Strength

As hand strength varies depending on the measuring method and a patient’s position, reliable and valid evaluation of hand strength is necessary. It appears to be that grip and pinch strength measurements provide an objective index of the function of the hand. Jamar dynamometer and pinch gauge have been found to give the most accurate and acceptable measures of grip and pinch strength respectively. This measuring tools should be performed by having the patient’s in seated position with the shoulder adducted, not rotated to either side, and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees with the forearm and wrist in neutral position, as recommended by the American Society of Hand Therapist.
An Axiomatic Approach for Secure Data Transmission

Cryptography is the strongest link in the chain of security since it plays an integral role in secure communication. Symmetric key cryptography is the oldest form of cryptology in which identical keys are used by the sender and receiver to share the confidential data. This research paper is about analyzing and designing of a symmetric key cryptographic technique which provides security at enhanced level and offer defense against non-traditional security threats. The algorithm “An Axiomatic Approach for Secure Data Transmission” is compared with the algorithm “Advanced Encryption Standards”, analytical results are also shown to prove the better outcomes.
A Critical Comparison of Human Face Rendering Techniques

Human skin exhibits complex light reflectance properties that make it difficult to render realistically. In recent years, many techniques have been introduced to render skin, with varying degrees of complexity and realism. In this thesis, I will implement several of these techniques, and use them to render scenes with various lighting and geometry parameters, in order to compare their strengths and weaknesses. My goal is to provide a clearer understanding of which rendering techniques are most effective in different scenarios. Thesis Supervisor: Fredo Durand
DECODING OF CONVOLUTIONAL CODES

A recursive procedure is derived for decoding of rate R=l/n binary convolutional codes which minimizes the probability of the individual decoding decisions for each information bit subject to the constraint that the decoding delay be limited to A branches. This new decoding algorithm is similar to, but somewhat more complex than, the Viterbi decoding algorithm. A "real-time," i.e. fixed decoding delay, version of the Viterbi algorithm is also developed and used for comparison to the new algorithm on simulated channels. It is shown that the new algorithm offers advantages over Viterbi decoding in soft-decision applications such as in the inner coding system for concatenated coding.
Application of chemometric approach for QbD-Enabled development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for estimation of methotrexate

Abstract The present work describes Quality by design (QbD)-oriented development of a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for quantification of methotrexate (MTX). Initially, for performing HPLC studies with UV detector, an appropriate wavelength was selected using a novel technique of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Risk assessment study was performed, followed by factor screening study using a fractional factorial design (FFD). Subsequently, factor optimization was conducted using a central composite design (CCD), with flow rate and mobile phase ratio as the critical method parameters (CMPs), and tailing factor (TF), theoretical plate count (TPC) and % assay selected as the critical analytical attributes (CAAs). Polynomial modeling was performed to embark upon an optimal solution, followed by numerical and graphical optimization. Chromatographic separation was conducted using the mobile phase composition of acetonitrile (ACN) and ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 6) in the ratio of 25:75 v/v, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, column oven temperature of 40 °C, and UV detection at 257 nm. Further, the analytical method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness, ratifying that all the parameters were within the acceptable limits for quantification of MTX. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A survey of practical algorithms for suffix tree construction in external memory

The construction of suffix trees in secondary storage was considered impractical due to its excessive I-O cost. Algorithms developed in the last decade show that a suffix tree can efficiently be built in secondary storage for inputs which fit the main memory. In this paper, we analyze the details of algorithmic approaches to the external memory suffix tree construction and compare the performance and scalability of existing state-of-the-art software based on these algorithms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.