Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Genetic Algorithm-Based Test Coverage Analysis for Graphical User Interface Software

Quality and reliability of software products can be determined through the amount of testing that is carried out on them. One of the metrics that are often employed in measuring the amount of testing is the coverage analysis or adequacy ratio. In the proposed optimized basic Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach, a concept of adaptive mutation was introduced into the basic GA in order for low-fitness chromosomes to have an increased probability of mutation, thereby enhancing their role in the search to produce more efficient search. The main purpose of this concept is to decrease the chance of disrupting a high-fitness chromosome and to have the best exploitation of the exploratory role of low-fitness chromosome. The study reveals that the optimized basic GA improves significantly the adequacy ratio or coverage analysis value for Graphical User Interface (GUI) software test over the existing non-adaptive mutation basic GA.
Complex Reflection Coefficient Synthesis Applied to Dual-Polarized Reflectarrays With Cross-Polar Requirements

An extended formulation of the intersection approach (IA) algorithm is presented to synthesize matrices of complex reflection coefficients for dual-polarized reflectarrays. The synthesis of complex reflection coefficients allows to impose copolar as well as cross-polar specifications, since these coefficients fully characterize the behavior of the unit cell. The implementation of the algorithm is based on the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in both the forward and backward projectors of the IA, allowing for a highly efficient and fast synthesis process of dual-polarized reflectarrays. Although arbitrary restrictions can be enforced in the reflection coefficients, they might not be feasible for passive antennas. Hence, the unit cell is analyzed as a lossless and lossy passive two-port network and the restriction equations are derived for both cases involving amplitudes and phases of the reflection coefficients. The lossless constraints proved to be too restrictive so lossy restrictions should be applied to achieve feasible reflection coefficients for passive array design. Test cases are provided, which confirm that the algorithm is able to synthesize with success radiation patterns with copolar and cross-polar requirements with restrictions applied to the reflection coefficients.
Reinforcement learning to compensate for perceptual aliasing using dynamic additional parameter: motivational value

AbstnactIn this paper, we present a new reinforcement learning approach compensating for the perceptual aliasing problem by varying policies depending on the behavior context. For this approach, motiuatwd vdue(M-value) is introduced as a parameter emphasizing specific future action selection probabilities temporarily according to the context. In the learning phase, a Q-value renewal error linked with the current state-action pair is memorized as M-value linked with past visited experiences. In the control phase, t o motivate a next action, an agent awakes M-values linked with the current state and memorized in past experiences. By combining Mvalue with Q-value, even if an agent observes the same sensory inputs under the different states ,the agent can generate different action selection policies with the context. The advantage of the proposed approach is that the learning/control system reflecting the difference of context can be realized easily, in spite of the saving of computational memories, by the simple extension of general reinforcement learning: Q-learning. In order to investigate the validity of the proposed method, we apply the method to the maze problem containing perceptual aliasing problem, and compare it with the case of general Q-learning. The result on maze environment experiment shows that the proposed approach can work effectively in the non-Markov decision process environment involving perceptual aliasing problems. Keywordsreinforcement learning, Q-learning, POMDPs, perceptual aliasing.
Regulation of ICAM‐1 and IL‐6 in Myocardial Ischemia: Effect of Reperfusion a

GILBERT L. KUKIELKA,b KEITH A. YOUKER,& HAL K. HAWKINS,C JERRY L. PERRARD? LLOYD H. MICHAEL,& CHRISTIE M. BALLANTYNE? C. WAYNE SMITH,” AND MARK L. ENTMANbif bSectMn of cardiawcuhr &times Department of Medicine Bayh Chlbje ofMeduine one B a y h Phm Houston, Texas 77030-3498 Department of Pathology The Unamily of T m Medical Bmnch 11th c! r Texas Avenue GaEveston, Texas 77555-0609 dDepartment of Medicine Section of Athmsclersis B a y h Chlbje of Medicine
An Automatic Resonance Tracking Scheme With Maximum Power Transfer for Piezoelectric Transducers

This paper presents a novel cost-effective automatic resonance tracking scheme with maximum power transfer for piezoelectric transducers (PTs). The conventional approaches compensate the PT with complex power factor correction schemes or drive it in resonance using intricate loops with limited operating range. The proposed tracking scheme is based on a bandpass filter (BPF) oscillator, exploiting the PT's intrinsic resonance point through a sensing bridge. It guarantees automatic resonance tracking and maximum electrical power converted into mechanical motion, regardless of process variations and environmental interferences. Thus, the proposed BPF oscillator-based scheme was designed for an ultrasonic vessel sealing and dissecting system, where accurate PT displacement regulation over a wide range of loads is required. An amplitude control for a switching power stage was developed to regulate the output mechanical motion and provide different power levels for the specific surgical functions such as sealing and dissecting. A proportional-integral compensator was developed to ensure stable operation under various loading conditions. The sealing and dissecting functions were verified experimentally in chicken tissue and glycerin.
SenseFace: Towards a Context-Aware Social Network Framework

Social networks offer multimedia information consumption and sharing with millions of people around the world. The backbone of social networks stems from the advancements of different Web 2.0 technologies. Moreover, smartphones equipped with high speed Internet access have added ubiquitousness to Internet-based services. This gives rise to the fact that many people consume diversified services on a daily basis and have developed an association with different communities of interest via these services. However, a person only accesses a subset of these services at a given time either to consume certain information or to share information with a community of interest (COI), depending on the context. This poses three important research questions that need to be addressed: 1) "How do we dynamically capture user context from heterogeneous sources? " 2) "Which services are found to be interesting by a subject in a given context? " and 3) "How do we define the COI in a given context? " In this thesis, we propose detailed models and algorithms to answer the above three questions in the social network perspective. First, we propose algorithms to dynamically extract the services and social ties of an individual from the global heterogeneous social network space, for example, the Internet, which is called a personal social network (PSN). Second, we propose a framework named SenseFace, which employs a novel ubiquitous stack to extract user context from two sources: body sensor network (BSN) and the PSN. The BSN helps us in capturing different vital physical information, body activity and ambient information to infer user context while the PSN offers user context in the form of events, real-time messages, to-do lists, location and so on. Third, we present detailed models and algorithms to dynamically map a user context with a subset of relevant services and a subset of social network members. Finally, we present a prototype addressing the detailed
Design of a linear-assisted DC-DC switching regulator with constant switching frequency

This article shows the proposal of a linear-assisted converter or linear-&-switching hybrid converter with a constant switching frequency. The control loop of the system is based on the current-mode technique. The main disadvantage of a converter with current-mode control is the inherent instability of the loop when switch duty ratios are greater than 0.5. In order to make stable the proposed linear-assisted converter, the article shows the technique based on a slope compensation.
Autophagy and neurodegenerative disorders

Accumulation of aberrant proteins and inclusion bodies are hallmarks in most neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, these aggregates within neurons lead to toxic effects, overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Autophagy is a significant intracellular mechanism that removes damaged organelles and misfolded proteins in order to maintain cell homeostasis. Excessive or insufficient autophagic activity in neurons leads to altered homeostasis and influences their survival rate, causing neurodegeneration. The review article provides an update of the role of autophagic process in representative chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders.
Multiple-parameter CMOS IC testing with increased sensitivity for IDDQ

Technology scaling challenges the effectiveness of current-based test techniques such as I/sub DDQ/. Furthermore, existing leakage reduction techniques are not as effective in aggressively scaled technologies. We exploited intrinsic dependencies of transistor and circuit leakage on clock frequency, temperature, and reverse body bias (RBB) to discriminate fast ICs from defective ones. Transistor and circuit parameters were measured and correlated to demonstrate leakage-based testing solutions with improved sensitivity. We used a test IC with available body terminals for our experimental measurements. Our data suggest adopting a sensitive multiple-parameter test solution. For high performance IC applications, we propose a new test technique, I/sub DDQ/ versus F/sub MAX/ (maximum operating frequency), in conjunction with using temperature (or RBB) to improve the defect detection sensitivity. For cost sensitive applications, I/sub DDQ/ versus temperature test can be deployed. Our data show that temperature (cooling from 110/spl deg/C to room) improved sensitivity of I/sub DDQ/ versus F/sub MAX/ two-parameter test by more than an order of magnitude (13.8/spl times/). The sensitivity can also be tuned by proper selection of a temperature range to match a required defect per million (DPM) level.
Corpus Callosum Size in Delphinid Cetaceans iffff

The midsagittal surface area of the corpus callosum was determined by computer-assisted morphometry in juvenile and adult members of 13 species of the cetacean family Delphinidae. In 57 brains, absolute callosal areas ranged from 104 to 829 mm. When compared to other mammal groups possessing a corpus callosum. callosal area in dolphins was smaller in relation to brain mass with a ratio range (mnr/g) of 0.08-0.31. The corpus callosum was decreased relative to brain mass in the larger-brained odontocetes, suggesting that increases in brain size were not necessarily allied with needs for equivalent increases in callosal linkage. One delphinid species, Tursiops truncatus, for which the largest singlespecies sample was available, was examined for sex differences in callosal size relative to brain mass. Among 10 males and 5 females the averaged ratio was not distinguishable between sexes.
Room temperature ionic liquids as emerging solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are emerging as attractive and green solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. The unique solvating properties of RTILs foster the disruption of the 3D network structure of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which allows high yields of fermentable sugars to be produced in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. In the current review, we summarize the physicochemical properties of RTILs that make them effective solvents for lignocellulose pretreatment including mechanisms of interaction between lignocellulosic biomass subcomponents and RTILs. We also highlight several recent strategies that exploit RTILs and generate high yields of fermentable sugars suitable for downstream biofuel production, and address new opportunities for use of lignocellulosic components, including lignin. Finally, we address some of the challenges that remain before large‐scale use of RTILs may be achieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:1229–1245. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An architectural role of the Escherichia coli chromatin protein FIS in organising DNA.

The Escherichia coli chromatin protein FIS modulates the topology of DNA in a growth phase-dependent manner. In this study we have investigated the global effect of FIS binding on DNA architecture in vitro. We show that in supercoiled DNA molecules FIS binds at multiple sites in a non-random fashion and increases DNA branching. This global DNA reshaping effect is independent of the helical phasing of FIS binding sites. We propose, in addition to the previously inferred stabilisation of tightly bent DNA microloops in the upstream regions of certain promoters, that FIS may perform the distinct architectural function of organising branched plectonemes in the E.coli nucleoid.
Entrepreneur Social Capital, Knowledge Acquisition, and Start-Up Firm Performance

Entrepreneurial social capital is founded on the basis of the environmental trust. It takes advantage of a series of social network resources which are built by a network of relationships and coordinate abilities , so as to realize knowledge acquisition which will promote network capacity of firm performance. In the transition process of Chinese economy, the social capital of entrepreneurs themselves have practical significance on newly-established firms which need to break through the resource constraint and realize rapid growth. The research theory has enriched the theoretical connotation of entrepreneurs' social capital. It is divided into three dimensionalities; they are environmental trust, network relation, and network capacity, and then building a good model about entrepreneurial social capital, knowledge acquisition, and start-up firm performance. According to the empirical analysis of the newly established 564 companies in Yangtze delta area, the research results show that environmental trust has positive effect on the construction of network relationship and network capacity. While the knowledge acquisition was significantly and positively correlated with the start-up firm performance, it also indicates that the relation between the environmental trust and the start-up firm performance is an inverse U shape. However, the knowledge acquisition of enterprises will promote the relationship between entrepreneurial social capital and enterprise performance, as well as announcing that only having strong entrepreneurial social capitals can get the needed knowledge. Furthermore, one needs to translate knowledge into the internal ability of enterprise. Consequently, one can get a competitive advantage. This chapter explores all of this.
Two Ways (Not) To Design a Cognitive Architecture

In this short paper, we argue that there are two conflicting agendas at play in the design of cognitive architectures. One is principled: to create a model of cognition and gain an understanding of cognitive processes. The other is practical: to build useful systems that have a cognitive ability and thereby provide robust adaptive behaviour that can anticipate events and the need for action. The first is concerned with advancing science, the second is concerned with effective engineering. The main point we wish to make is that these two agendas are not necessarily complementary in the sense that success with one agenda may not necessarily lead, in the short term at least, to useful insights that lead to success with the other agenda.
A randomized trial of training the non-dominant upper extremity to enhance laparoscopic performance

Abstract Introduction: In laparoscopy, the surgeon's dominant arm will execute difficult tasks with less effort compared to the non-dominant arm. This leads to a relative overuse of muscles on this side. We hypothesized that training the non-dominant arm would improve laparoscopic skills. Material and methods: At baseline, all participants performed three validated tasks on a virtual reality simulator. After randomization, subjects in the intervention group were assigned training tasks. All these tasks had to be performed with the non-dominant hand. Within a week after a three-week study period, participants performed the same three tasks as before. Results: Twenty-six participants were included, 13 in each group. At baseline, there were no differences between groups on all tested parameters. Compliance to training tasks was good. At the end of three weeks, subjects in both groups showed similar improvement of skills on the non-dominant side. On the dominant side, however, subjects in the training group showed significant better improvement of skills on four out of eight parameters. Conclusion: Specific training of the non-dominant upper extremity appears to lead to improvement of skills on the dominant side, a phenomenon known in literature as intermanual transfer of skill learning. To improve laparoscopic skills, bimanual training is recommended.
Statistical Debugging of Programs written in Dynamic Programming Language : RUBY

Debugging is an important and critical phase during the software development process. Software debugging is serious and tough practice involved in functional base test driven development. Software vendors encourages their programmers to practice test driven development during the initial development phases to capture the bug traces and the associated code coverage infected from diagnosed bugs. Application’s source code with fewer threats of bug existence or faulty executions is assumed as highly efficient and stable especially when real time software products are in consideration. Due to the fact that process of development of software projects relies on great number of users and testers which required having an effective fault localization technique. This specific fault localization technique can highlight the most critical areas of software system at code as well as modular level so that debugging algorithm can be used to debug the application source code. Nowadays many complex or simple software systems are in corporation with open bug repositories to localize the bugs. Any inconsistency or imperfection in early development phase of software product results in low efficient system and less reliability. Statistical debugging of program source code for visualization of fault is an important and efficient way to select and rank the suspicious lines of code. This research provides guidelines for practicing statistical debugging technique for programs coded in Ruby programming language. This thesis presents statistical debugging techniques available for dynamic programming languages. Firstly, the statistical debugging techniques were thoroughly observed with different predicate base approaches followed in previous work done in the subject area. Secondly, the new process of statistical debugging for programs coded in Ruby programming language is introduced by generating dynamic predicates. Results were analyzed by implementing multiple programs written in Ruby programming language with different complexity level. The analysis of experimentation performed on candidate programs depict that SOBER is more efficient and accurate in bug identification than Cause Isolation Scheme. It is concluded that despite of extensive research in the field of statistical debugging and fault localization it is not possible to identify majority of the bugs. Moreover SOBER and Cause Isolation Scheme algorithms are found to be two most mature and effective statistical debugging algorithms for bug identification with in software source code.
Management adaptation of business association services: long-term stability 1783-2012 and ‘change points’ for Irish chambers of commerce

Abstract This paper seeks to fill an important gap in literature on institutional adaptation, using Irish chambers of commerce services to examine how managers of business associations adjust long-term balances in services, and respond to short-term challenges. The paper uses the theoretical expectations from collective action theory, transactions cost economics, the theory of organisational evolution and interactions with state supports to explore how the management strategies of chambers adapted to challenges from the economic and institutional environment. The paper demonstrates durability in the long term over the 200- year history of chambers, by an adaptation of service bundles and resource mixes, with major ‘change points’ being critical to re-balancing services and income sources. Using the example of challenges arising from the ‘change point’ of the Irish economic contraction 2008–2012, the paper shows how short-term adaptation mechanisms operate. Larger chambers generally survived better. Smaller chambers had more challenges, but demonstrate the durability of engaged management by volunteers.
The arachidonic acid cascade is involved in the masculinizing action of testosterone on embryonic external genitalia in mice.

We have evaluated whether the arachidonic acid cascade may be involved in the folding and fusion of the penis and scrotum in masculine differentiation, a possibility raised by recent observations of the involvement of the arachidonic acid cascade in the analogous embryonic processes of elevation and fusion of the palatal shelves and of folding and fusion of the neural tube. To test this hypothesis, during embryonic masculine differentiation in mice of the B10.A strain, we administered certain agents that produce blockade of masculinization. We report that arachidonic acid can reverse the inhibition of masculine development in male embryos produced by estradiol-17 beta or by cyproterone acetate, an androgen receptor-site blocker, and that such reversal can be prevented by an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, such as indomethacin. We have also found that agents that block the arachidonic acid cascade at the level of phospholipase A2 (cortisone, phenytoin) or at the level of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin, aspirin) also block masculine differentiation and that such antimasculinization is reversed by arachidonic acid. The masculinization of male embryos is inhibited by indomethacin and aspirin, and the masculinization of female embryos produced by exogenous testosterone is prevented by indomethacin. These findings provide evidence that the mechanism by which testosterone organizes the genitalia involves a role of the arachidonic acid cascade leading to prostaglandins at a critical period of development and that interference with testosterone synthesis or action leads to a teratogenic deficiency of arachidonic acid during this time in the genital anlagen.
Increasing Learning Motivation and Student Engagement through the Technology- Supported Learning Environment

Education is one of the most important elements in our lives because it is a direct way to broaden our knowledge. In order to enhance academic learning experience, an increasing number of instructors are changing their pedagogies to make their students socially active in class participation. In this article, the author describes how the development and implementation of the technology-supported learning environment will be beneficial in student and instructor engagement and the overall learning motivation. The author first provides detailed implementation of the technology-supported learning environment. Next, she explains how to utilize such environment to increase in-class participation and to support collaborative learning. She then examines students’ overall learning and feedback, and analyzes the costs and benefits of this pedagogy. Finally, she concludes that this environment can promote greater classroom engagement and support collaborative learning.