Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activities of Bambara Groundnuts as Assessed by FRAP and DPPH Assays

There is a growing interest in legumes and legume based foods because of the health claims associated with their consumption. The aim of the current study was to explore the nutraceutical potential of bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) based on the antioxidant properties. Two market classes of bambara groundnuts (red and brown) were screened. The study employed 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) in vitro assays to screen for antioxidant properties. Bambara groundnuts were found to possess antioxidant activities. Brown bambara groundnuts exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity with EC50 = 347 ± 4.2 µg dried extract / ml compared to 495 ± 12 µg dried extract / ml for the red bambara groundnuts. Again FRAP derived total antioxidant power was higher in the brown (6.00 ± 0.21 mmole Fe2+ / 100 g DW) compared to (5.00 ± 0.13 mmole Fe2+ / 100 g DW) in the red. Antioxidant activities demonstrated by bambara groundnuts suggest that it could be very useful as a source of antioxidants besides the commonly consumed legumes. This in itself presents an opportunity for diversification of food resources considering that bambara groundnuts are currently very much under-utilized.
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR CONNECTIONIST MODELS OF CONDITIONING : A TUTORIAL

Models containing networks of neuron-like units have become increasingly prominent in the study of both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. This article describes the basic features of connectionist models and provides an illustrative application to compound-stimulus effects in respondent conditioning. Connectionist models designed specifically for operant conditioning are not yet widely available, but some current learning algorithms for machine learning indicate that such models are feasible. Conversely, designers for machine learning appear to have recognized the value of behavioral principles in producing adaptive behavior in their creations.
Complex analytic compactiﬁcations of C3

© Foundation Compositio Mathematica, 1990, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Compositio Mathematica » (http: //http://www.compositio.nl/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
Clutter rejection using multispectral processing

ABSTRACT The DARPA MUSIC program is presently collecting data to support multi-spectral infrared target detection in clutter.The plan of the MUSIC program is discussed first, followed by the theoretical basis of multi-spectral and recursive moving target indicator (RMTI) processing. An example using data from the MUSIC sensor is presented. In this example spectral-spatial processing of two bands is compared to registration and temporal processing of a singleband.1. INTRODUCTIONThe MUSIC program was initiated in October 1988 to study the application of passive multi-spectral infrared to the detection of air and ground targets. The targets of interest are buried in background clutter and have very weak signal to noise ratios. Interest in using multi-spectral techniques was stimulated by an analysis of multi-spectral datacollected by the NASA Thermal Infrared Multi-Spectral Scanner (TIMS) sensor in Australia in 1985 (Reference 1). This analysis, as well as others, suggested that multi-spectral processing techniques could greatly improve detectionstatistics against targets that are stationary or have little apparent motion relative to a highly cluttered background.In order for multi-spectral processing to be beneficial, the radiance of the target must be proportionately different in
Intracellular localization and de novo synthesis of FcRIII in human neutrophil granulocytes

Immunoelectron microscopic studies in human neutrophils showed that FcRIII was present on the plasma membrane, in the Golgi complex, and in many small vesicles (120 to 180 nm). FcRIII was not found in specific or azurophilic granules as shown by immunogold double-labeling experiments, visualizing both FcRIII and either lactoferrin (a marker of specific granules) or myeloperoxidase (a marker for azurophilic granules). Because the occurrence of FcRIII in the Golgi complex suggested that biosynthesis of this receptor occurs in these cells, metabolic labeling experiments were performed. Immunoprecipitation of FcRIII from NP-40 lysates of cells labeled with 35S-methionine showed a diffuse 50- to 70-Kd band corresponding with the band noted after immunoprecipitation of FcRIII from surface iodinated cells. These findings show that de novo synthesis of FcRIII occurs in neutrophils and suggest that at least some of the small vesicles containing FcRIII derive from the Golgi complex and thus are involved in transport of newly synthesized FcRIII to the plasma membrane.
Minimal bundling of single-walled carbon nanotubes comprising vertically aligned films

A freestanding film of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWNTs) synthesized by the alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD) method was observed directly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These observations revealed that the film is comprised primarily of small SWNT bundles, typically containing 3-8 SWNTs. The lack of significant bundling is supported by electron diffraction spectra, in which no bundle peak is observed, and by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), which shows minimal dielectric screening. This indicates the electrical properties of the VA-SWNT film are dominated by the one-dimensional nature of SWNTs, rather than behaving as a bulk material.
Ultrasonic welding of thermoplastics in the near‐field

Ultrasonic welding is one of the most popular techniques for joining thermoplastics because it is fast, economical, and easily automated. In near-field ultrasonic welding, the distance between the horn and the joint interface is 6 mm or less. This study investigated the near-field ultrasonic welding of amorphous (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polystyrene) and semicrystalline (polyethylene and polypropylene) polymers. High frequency ultrasonic wave propagation and attenuation measurements were made in order to estimate the dynamic mechanical moduli of the polymers. The estimated moduli were entered into a lumped parameter model in order to predict heating rates and energy dissipation. Experimental results showed that variations in the welding pressure had little effect on energy dissipation or joint strength; Increasing the amplitude of vibration increased the energy dissipation and the weld strength. For the semicrystalline polymers, increasing the weld time improved strength up to weld times greater than 1.5 s, where strength leveled off. For the amorphous polymers, the weld strength increased with Increasing weld time up to times of 0.8 s; for longer weld times, the power required was too high, causing overloading of the welder. Monitoring of the energy dissipation and static displacement or collapse provided valuable information on weld quality.
Electronic and rotational energy transfer in F(2P1/2)+H2 collisions at ultracold temperatures

The dynamics of F(2P1/2)+H2 scattering at ultracold temperatures is studied. It is shown that both the rotational and vibrational excitation of H2 molecules decrease substantially the efficiency of spin–orbit relaxation in F+H2 collisions. It is observed that the near-resonant electronic transition leading to rotational excitation of H2(j=0) is of the same magnitude at high energies as the off-resonant transition in which the rotational angular momentum of H2 is preserved but becomes dominant in ultracold collisions. The zero temperature rate constant for spin-orbit relaxation of F is computed and suggestions are made as to the chemical reactivity of F(2P1/2) atoms at ultracold temperatures. It is found that rotational relaxation of excited H2 molecules is significantly enhanced by electronic transitions in F atoms and the electronic relaxation in F(2P1/2)+H2(j>0) collisions is suppressed by rotational relaxation of H2.
Preparation and Bioactive Characteristics of Porous Borate Glass Substrates

Whereas silicate-based bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics have been widely investigated for bone repair or as scaffolds for cell-based bone tissue engineering, recent data have demonstrated that silica-free borate glasses also exhibit bioactive behavior. The objectives of this study were to fabricate porous, three-dimensional substrates of a borate glass and to investigate the biocompatibility of the borate glass substrates by in vitro cell culture with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hMSC-derived osteoblasts (hMSC-Obs). Borate glass particles with sizes 212-355 μm were loosely compacted and then sintered at 600°C to form porous disc-shaped substrates (porosity 40%). Partial or nearly complete conversion of the glass substrates to a calcium phosphate (Ca-P) material was achieved by soaking the substrates for 1 day or 7 days in a 0.25 molar K 2 HPO 4 . solution at 37°C and at pH of 9.0. Bone marrow derived hMSCs and hMSC-Obs seeded in the samples both adhered to the porous constructs whereas hMSC-Obs markedly synthesized alkaline phosphatase, an early osteogenic marker. These data indicate strong bioactive characteristics for the borate glass constructs and the potential use of the constructs for bone tissue engineering.
Ion—Solvent Interaction in Mixed Solvents. II. The Viscosity of Electrolytes in Mixed Solvents

The viscosities of Na2SO4, MgSO4, MnCl2, NaOCOCH3, Ba(OCOCH3)2, Mg(OCOCH3)2, and KOCOCH3 have been determined at 25°C in ethanol—water and acetone—water mixtures. Results have been interpreted as a function of solvated molar volume using an extension of Mooney's equation. Interaction coefficients have been calculated and correlated with the B coefficients of the Jones—Dole equation.
Parameterized Complexity of Safety of Threshold Automata

Threshold automata are a formalism for modeling fault-tolerant distributed algorithms. In this paper, we study the parameterized complexity of reachability of threshold automata. As a ﬁrst result, we show that the problem becomes W[1]-hard even when parameterized by parameters which are quite small in practice. We then consider two restricted cases which arise in practice and provide ﬁxed-parameter tractable algorithms for both these cases. Finally, we report on experimental results conducted on some protocols taken from the literature. 2012 ACM Subject Classiﬁcation Theory of computation → Distributed computing models; Theory of computation → Logic and veriﬁcation
Interleukin-2 and lymphokine activated killer cells: promises and cautions

The purposes of this work are to: review the biological activities of Interleukin-2 (IL-2); evaluate the reported therapeutic benefits and toxicity of IL-2/lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells; and project the role of IL-2/LAK cells in cancer therapy. Interleukin-2 is a glycoprotein lymphokine (mw 15,000) produced naturally by mitogen or antigen stimulated T-lymphocytes. The activities of IL-2 include: enhancement of IL-2 receptor positive T-lymphocytes and a variety of other in vitro and in vivo alterations of T cell function. The IL-2 gene has been cloned from the Jurkat leukemia cell line and expressed by recombinant biotechnology in an E. coli vector. In vitro incubation of IL-2 with selected T-lymphocytes results in the formation of lymphocyte activated killer (LAK) cells. Rosenberg and colleagues, in 1983, demonstrated that both exogenous IL-2 and LAK cells were needed in order to get maximum tumor regression in a murine model and later humans. Patients selected for IL-2/LAK cell therapy have clinical metastases or advanced unresectable cancers. Almost all patients treated demonstrate some toxic effects, including chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hepatic dysfunction. Approximately 75 percent of the patients have profound hypotension and require intensive nursing care. A review of the literature indicates that tumor responsiveness will range from negligible (adenocarcinoma of the lung with metastases) to a 30+ percent response in renal cell carcinoma when complete and partial responders are totalled. Interleukin-2/LAK cell therapy has promise for some wide spread tumors for which no other therapy is available. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biochemical Markers in Parkinson's Disease

The Parkinson’s (PD) disease is a difficult health problem. Aging is the only probable cause of PD without clearly identified underlying molecular mechanisms. Still, it seems that oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage combined with harmful genetic and environmental factors are the main origins of death in dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta. While influx of new findings on pathogenesis, and development of new diagnostics for PD is increasing, still it diagnosis mostly depends on the physical examination and clinical diagnostic criteria with high misdiagnose rate. This is further complicated with fluctuation of the PD symptoms over the time and hinders objective and unbiased monitoring of the disease progression. PD is often diagnosed in the advanced stage and when majority of dopaminergic neurons are lost, so neuroprotective therapies are not possible. Given the difficulties with clinical diagnosis of the PD there is a pressing need to identify reliant diagnostic biomarkers. Intensively tested biomarker candidates are α-synuclein, DJ-1, 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, glutathione S-Transferase Pi protein for oxidative damage, and homocysteine with C-reactive protein as inflammatory biomarkers. Currently none of them are not enough specific and selective. Biomarkers with potentially good specificity, selectivity and accessibility are miRNAs, able to provide precise and non-invasive diagnosis. More fundamental research is warranted to provide critical data to determine real reasons behind the PD. Parallel to obtaining data for the origins of the PD, development of the suitable clinical biomarkers should follow.
EFFECT OF ADDING OF PROPOLIS AND VITAMIN B12 TO TRIS EXTENDER AND COOLING PERIOD ON THE SEMEN VIABILITY FOR SHAMI BUCKS

This study provides an indication of the effect of adding alcohol extract to propolis and vitamin B12 to Tris Extender on the quality of the semen cooled in Levantine. This study was carried out in the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture Diyala University, 5 male goats were used for 1.5-2 years of age with an average weight of 40 kg. The semen was collected by an artificial vagina. The semen of all male goats (semen) was collected and divided into four factors. An Extender was used in the first group (T1) control group. Places of the second group (T2) Vitamin B12 was added to the Tris Extender (3 mg / 50 mm Extender) and the third group (T3) the alcoholic extract was added to the propolis (3 mg / 50ml Extender) and in the fourth group (T4) the alcoholic extract was added to the propolis (3 mg / 50 ml Extender) and vitamin B12 (3 mg / 50 ml Extender). Group (T4), (T3) and (T2) significantly outperformed (P≤0.05) for the percentage of individual movement over group (T1) (76.42, 75.58, 74.67 and 72.08), respectively. The study also showed a significant difference in the percentage of live sperm, as group (T4), (T3) and (T2) significantly outperformed (P≤0.05) over group (T1) (76.17, 76.75, 75.00 and 72.42), respectively. The study also showed a significant difference in the percentage of plasma membrane safety, as group (T4), (T3) and (T2) significantly outperformed (P≤0.05) over group (T1) (73.08, 72.42, 71.25, 67.75), respectively. Also a significant effect on Extender PH. It also showed a significant percentage of total abnormal, as the group (T4) thinks (T3), (T2) and (T1) (9.88, 10.67, 11.63, and 13.71), respectively. It can produce the addition of the alcoholic extract of propolis (3 mg / 50 ml Extender). Vitamin B12 (3 mg / 50 mL Extender) in different cooling periods has a pronounced effect in improving semen characteristics of male goats compared to control group (T1)
Influence of Connection Type and Platform Diameter on Titanium Dental Implants Fatigue: Non-Axial Loading Cyclic Test Analysis

Two-pieces dental implants must provide stability of the implant-abutment-interface. The connection type and platform diameter could influence the biomechanical resistance and stress distribution. This study aims to evaluate the fatigue for different types of connections, external and internal, and different platform diameters. Three implant designs with the same length were used: (a) external hexagon/narrow platform; (b) internal double hexagon/narrow platform; (c) internal octagon/regular platform. A fatigue test was developed to establish the number of cycles needed before fracture. A 30º oblique load with a sinusoidal function of fatigue at a frequency of 15 Hz and 10% stress variation was applied to each system. The fatigue load limit (FLL) for design (a) was 190 N, being the nominal-curvature-moment (NCM) = 1.045; FLL = 150 N, with a NCM = 0.825 for (b), and FLL = 325 N, with a NCM = 1.788 for (c). The platform diameter affects the FLL, obtaining lower FLL on a narrow platform. The connection type interferes with the implant walls’ width, especially in narrow implants, making internal connections more unstable at this level. Long-term clinical studies to assess the restoration’s success rate and survival are mandatory.
Enrichment of fermented cassava meal 'mchuchume' with micronutrient ingredients from Soya bean flour and Moringa oleifera leaves powder.

BACKGROUND 'Mchuchume' is a ready to eat fermented cassava food (FCM) used for breakfast, lunch and/or snack purposes. Its diverse consumption modes attract more researches including its fortification with inexpensive food materials rich in beneficial nutritional qualities. This study aimed at investigating effect of soya bean flour (SBF) and Moringa oleifera leaves powder (MOLP) on the micronutrient composition of 'mchuchume'. RESULTS Enrichment significantly increased iron (0.001 g kg-1 in control to 0.03 g kg-1 in cassava-soya, 0.06 g kg-1 in cassava-moringa and 0.09 g kg-1 in cassava-soya-moringa) and potassium (1.01 g kg-1 in control to 5.14 g kg-1 in cassava-soya, 3.45 g kg-1 in cassava-moringa and 7.43 g kg-1 in cassava-soya-moringa). There was significant decrease of sodium content (0.10 g kg-1 in the control to 0.09 g kg-1 in cassava-soya) and significant increase of sodium content (0.37 g k g-1 in cassava-moringa and 0.36 g kg-1 in cassava-soya-moringa). β-carotene was below the limit detection of instrument (< 0.2 x 10-6 g/mL) in the control and cassava-soya blends but detected in cassava-moringa (0.01 g kg-1 to 0.02 g kg-1 ) and cassava-soya-moringa blends (0.01 g kg-1 to 0.02 g kg-1 ). CONCLUSION Mchuchume fortified with both MOLP and SBF has micronutrients at recommended dietary allowances. The food is recommended for use in management of iron and vitamin A deficiencies which are endemic not only to inhabitants and refugees of Kigoma region in Tanzania but also to people in most of African countries and other cassava consuming developing nations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Continuous administration of a p38α inhibitor during the subacute phase after transient ischemia-induced stroke in the rat promotes dose-dependent functional recovery accompanied by increase in brain BDNF protein level

There is unmet need for effective stroke therapies. Numerous neuroprotection attempts for acute cerebral ischemia have failed and as a result there is growing interest in developing therapies to promote functional recovery through increasing synaptic plasticity. For this research study, we hypothesized that in addition to its previously reported role in mediating cell death during the acute phase, the alpha isoform of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38α, may also contribute to interleukin-1β-mediated impairment of functional recovery during the subacute phase after acute ischemic stroke. Accordingly, an oral, brain-penetrant, small molecule p38α inhibitor, neflamapimod, was evaluated as a subacute phase stroke treatment to promote functional recovery. Neflamapimod administration to rats after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion at two dose levels was initiated outside of the previously characterized therapeutic window for neuroprotection of less than 24 hours for p38α inhibitors. Six-week administration of neflamapimod, starting at 48 hours after reperfusion, significantly improved behavioral outcomes assessed by the modified neurological severity score at Week 4 and at Week 6 post stroke in a dose-dependent manner. Neflamapimod demonstrated beneficial effects on additional measures of sensory and motor function. It also resulted in a dose-related increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels, a previously reported potential marker of synaptic plasticity that was measured in brain homogenates at sacrifice. Taken together with literature evidence on the role of p38α-dependent suppression by interleukin-1β of BDNF-mediated synaptic plasticity and BDNF production, our findings support a mechanistic model in which inhibition of p38α promotes functional recovery after ischemic stroke by blocking the deleterious effects of interleukin-1β on synaptic plasticity. The dose-related in vivo efficacy of neflamapimod offers the possibility of having a therapy for stroke that could be initiated outside the short time window for neuroprotection and for improving recovery after a completed stroke.
Dissecting the NK Cell Population in Hematological Cancers Confirms the Presence of Tumor Cells and Their Impact on NK Population Function

The lymphocyte lineage natural killer (NK) cell is part of the innate immune system and protects against pathogens and tumor cells. NK cells are the main cell effectors of the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that mediates antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Hence, it is relevant to understand NK physiology and status to investigate the biological effect of mAbs in the clinic. NK cells are heterogeneous with multiple subsets that may have specific activity against different attacks. The presence of viral-sculpted NK cell populations has already been described, but the presence of cancer-sculpted NK cells remains unknown. Cancer induces a broad NK cell dysfunction, which has not been linked to a specific population. Here, we investigated the NK cell population by Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) embed maps in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at diagnosis and at least 30 days after treatment, which correlates with tumor cell clearance. We found that the NK lineage largely responded to the tumor by generating antitumor NK cells and renewing the population with a subset of immature NK cells. However, we failed to identify a specific “memory-like” subset with the NK cell markers used. Moreover, in patients in relapse, we found essentially the same NK populations as those found at diagnosis, suggesting that NK cells equally respond to the first or second tumor rise. Finally, we observed that previous cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection largely affects the tumor-associated changes in NK population, but the CMV-associated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cell population does not appear to play any role in tumor immunity.