Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long working hours and sleep disturbances: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine whether exposure to long working hours predicts various forms of sleep disturbance; short sleep, difficulty falling asleep, frequent waking, early waking and waking without feeling refreshed. DESIGN Prospective study with 2 measurements of working hours (phase 3, 1991-1994 and phase 5, 1997-1999) and 2 measurements of subjective sleep disturbances (phase 5 and phase 7, 2002-2004). SETTING The Whitehall II study of British civil servants. PARTICIPANTS Full time workers free of sleep disturbances at phase 5 and employed at phases 5 and 7 (n = 937-1594) or at phases 3, 5, and 7 (n = 886-1510). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Working more than 55 hours a week, compared with working 35-40 hours a week, was related to incident sleep disturbances; demographics-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) 1.98 (1.05, 3.76) for shortened sleeping hours, 3.68 (1.58, 8.58) for difficulty falling asleep; and 1.98 (1.04, 3.77) for waking without feeling refreshed. Repeat exposure to long working hours was associated with odds ratio 3.24 (1.45, 7.27) for shortened sleep, 6.66 (2.64, 16.83) for difficulty falling asleep, and 2.23 (1.16, 4.31) for early morning awakenings. Some associations were attenuated after adjustment for other risk factors. To a great extent, similar results were obtained using working hours as a continuous variable. Imputation of missing values supported the findings on shortened sleep and difficulty in falling asleep. CONCLUSION Working long hours appears to be a risk factor for the development of shortened sleeping hours and difficulty falling asleep.
The Soft Extra Muscle system for improving the grasping capability in neurological rehabilitation

This paper introduces the SEM Glove (Soft Extra Muscle Glove), a comfortable aid which automatically improves the grasping capability of a human independently of the particular task being performed. The technical solution partly mimics a biological solution and at the same time functions in symbiosis with the biological system. The technical invention is also applicable to other parts or regions of the human body that might need supporting forces or torques. A key feature is that a controlling and strengthening effect is achieved without the need for an external mechanical structure in the form of an exoskeleton. The paper includes a description of the physical design, the contents and the system design.
Dental Care (Prevention and Status) Among Family Practice Patients at a T eaching Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: To study the status of oral hygiene and preventive dental practices among family practice patients at a teaching hospital in Karachi. Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at the Family Practice Center, Karachi, Pakistan, from July to October 2010. The questionnaire included the demographic profile and questions in line with the study objective. It was administered to 400 family practice patients, each participant was explained the study objective, a written consent was taken and full confidentiality was assured. Oral examination of all respondents was conducted by the Investigators. Results: Out of 400 patients 258 (64.5%) respondents were female with 248 (62%) having graduation or higher education. The oral examination revealed plaque, previous extraction, restoration, stains, prosthesis and caries among 138 (34.5%), 114 (28.5%), 102 (25.5%), 38 (9.5%), 35 (8.8%) and 33 (8.3%) respondents respectively . Regular tooth brushing was practiced by 359 (89.8%) respondents. Sixty eight (17%) respondents were reluctant to consult a dentist. Reasons for reluctance were fear of pain, lack of sterilization of instruments, incorrect treatment, expense and a long waiting time to see the dentist in 32 (47%), 14 (20%), 10 (15%), 06 (09%) and 06 (09%) respondents respectively . Fif ty five (13.8%) respondents visited the dentist on a yearly basis. The most common reason to visit a dentist was pain among 71 (17.8%) respectively. Conclusion: A need exists to educate public on oral hygiene care through education programs in schools and media. Preventive dental care is a neglected area that requires attention on an urgent basis.
ROADM network design issues

‣ ROADMs have seen widespread deployments in long-haul and metro DWDM networks ‣ Multiple technology options and node configurations lower network cost and increase flexibility ‣ DWDM network design must account for transmission impairments introduced by each ROADM type ‣ 40G transmission through large number of network nodes ‣ Significant improvements in optical specifications of Nx1 WSS ‣ Improved understanding of system performance ‣ ROADM technologies offer new features which benefit 40G/100G with full flexibility in wavelength routing ‣ Control Plane technologies have adapted to incorporate capabilities of and constraints imposed by ROADM elements
Cinemicrography of mouse oocyte maturation utilizing Nomarski differential-interference microscopy.

The analysis of in vitro mouse oocyte maturation using Nomarski differential-interference optics and time-lapse cinemicrography provides information on the morphological events of oocyte maturation and their duration with greater precision than previously available. Furthermore, some previously unreported morphological events are described. The breakdown of the germinal vesicle was preceded for 41 minutes by extreme activity of the germinal vesicle membrane. The perivitelline space formed precociously by expansion of the zona pellucida rather than by shrinkage of the oocyte. Condensation of the bivalents, centromeric repulsion, formation of the metaphase I plate, and growth of the spindle apparatus were observed. Metaphase I, defined as the period from formation of the metaphase plate to the beginning of anaphase, lasted four hours and twenty-seven minutes. Anaphase chromosome separation began 11 hours and 15 minutes after disintegration of the nucleolus, and was complete within ten minutes. Polar body formation began before the completion of anaphase. The mid-body formed between the separating anaphase dyads, and moved with the telophase spindle to the newly formed oocyte-polar body boundary.
Formation of Tap/NXT1 Heterodimers Activates Tap-Dependent Nuclear mRNA Export by Enhancing Recruitment to Nuclear Pore Complexes

ABSTRACT The Tap protein has been shown to activate the nuclear export of mRNA species bearing retroviral constitutive transport elements and is also believed to play an essential role in the sequence nonspecific export of cellular mRNAs. However, it has remained unclear how Tap activity is regulated in vivo. Here, we report that the small NXT1/p15-1 protein functions as a critical cofactor for Tap-mediated mRNA export in both human and invertebrate cells. In the absence of NXT1 binding, the Tap protein is unable to effectively interact with components of the nuclear pore complex and both Tap nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and the nuclear export of mRNA molecules tethered to Tap are therefore severely attenuated. Formation of a Tap/NXT1 heterodimer enhances nucleoporin binding both in vitro and in vivo and induces the formation of a Tap/NXT1/nucleoporin ternary complex that is likely to be a key intermediate in the process of nuclear mRNA export. The critical importance of NXT1 for the nuclear export of poly(A)+ RNA is emphasized by the finding that specific inhibition of the expression of the Drosophila homolog of human NXT1, by using RNA interference, results in the nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA in cultured insect cells. These data suggest that NXT1 may act as a molecular switch that regulates the ability of Tap to mediate nuclear mRNA export by controlling the interaction of Tap with components of the nuclear pore.
Effects of cyclophosphamide on the development of malignancy and on long-term survival of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A 20-year followup study.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of cyclophosphamide (CYC) on the development of malignancies and on the long-term survival of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We used a longitudinal cohort design in which 119 patients (76 women and 43 men) with refractory RA who were treated with oral CYC between 1968 and 1973 were compared with 119 control patients with RA (matched for age, sex, disease duration, and functional class) who were evaluated during the same time period but did not receive CYC. RESULTS There was increased risk of malignancy in the CYC-treated group, with 50 cancers found in 37 patients in the CYC group compared with 26 cancers in 25 of the control patients (P < 0.05). The relative risk of cancer for those treated with CYC was 1.5 (95% confidence interval 0.93-5.5). Nine of the malignancies in the CYC group were bladder cancers and 19 were skin cancers, compared with no bladder cancers and 6 skin cancers in the control group. The total dose of CYC was higher in those who developed cancer, particularly in those with bladder cancer. Three of the bladder cancers occurred 14, 16, and 17 years after CYC had been discontinued. CONCLUSION The risk of malignancy, particularly bladder cancer, in RA patients treated with oral CYC continues even 17 years after discontinuation of the drug.
Effect of periodic cable nonuniformities on transmission measurements

This paper presents a likely explanation for dips observed in transmission coefficient measurements (S21) for twisted-pair copper cables. We show via computer simulations that periodic cable nonuniformities behave like selective filters, prohibiting electromagnetic wave to propagate at certain frequencies. Similar effect is achieved in optics using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and may be analyzed as such. The simulation results indicate that periodic cable nonuniformities acting like a FBG is a plausible reasoning to explain the presence of dips.
Rapid 20th-century increase in coastal upwelling off northwest Africa revealed by high-resolution marine sediment cores

PAGES News, Vol.15 • No 2 • September 2007 Rapid 20th-century increase in coastal upwelling off northwest Africa revealed by high-resolution marine sediment cores helen v. mCGreGor1,2 and stefan mulitza3,4 Institute for Environmental Research, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, Australia; mcgregor@uni-bremen.de; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; DFG Research Center Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Germany; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany
Design of an adaptive controller in a workspace for a bilateral control system with a time delay

Communication delay between a master robot and a slave robot destabilizes a bilateral control system. A few recent research studies have shown that an adaptive controller that dynamically determines the gain of master controller depending on the stiffness of a contact object is effective in improving stability. However, since conventional adaptive controllers are designed in a joint space, the controllers do not work when the structure of a master robot is different from that of a slave robot. Thus, this paper designs an adaptive controller in a workspace. The validity of the controller is verified via an experiment of a bilateral control using a two degree of freedom manipulator.
Protein synthesis in mouse spermatozoa.

The present study was undertaken to characterize protein synthesis by mature mouse sperm. It was found that these sperm incorporated amino acids linearly over a period of 3 h and that incorporation was inhibited by incubation of sperm at 4C-C and by chloramphenicol but not inhibited by cycloheximide. Labeled proteins from control and chloramphenicol-inhibited sperm were displayed on electrophoretic gels, and the labeled protein bands were characterized with respect to molecular weight and degree of inhibition. Autoradiography of the labeled sperm revealed that most grains were localized over the sperm midpiece. These data indicate that the protein synthesis of mouse sperm is mitochondrial in nature.
Study for developing the energy recovering circuit for modern e-bike controller

The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of an energy recovery system based on BLDC motor deceleration, in order to be used in e-bike's propulsion systems. The energy which should be lost during deceleration is now recovered, stored and then used in other applications. The energy recovery and reutilization leads to a considerable decrease in total energy consumption necessary for traction mode. At the same time combining with the super capacitors usage is protecting the life expectancy of the battery, which normally supplies the propulsion system of an electric motor.
[The relationship between emotional, physical abuse and Internet addiction disorder among middle school students].

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between emotional, physical abuse and internet addiction disorder (IAD) among middle school students, in order to lay foundation for the development of prevention and control programs on IAD. METHODS Students selected from 76 classes in Grade One and Grade Two, filled out the anonymous questionnaire, which including demographic characteristics of students, Young's Internet Addiction Scale, Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales, etc. Non-conditional multivariate logistic regression model was employed to explore the relationship between child abuse and IAD. Independent variable was child abuse while dependent variable was IAD. Covariant variables would include demographic characteristics, as sex, age, style of household, et al. RESULTS Among 3798 students, the overall prevalence of emotional abuse was 81.1%, with 55.1% of them reported having experienced physical abuse. Among 3507 internet users, 5.2% was diagnosed as IAD. Results from the non-conditional multivariate logistic regression model showed that odds ratio of severe physical abuse and moderate physical abuse were 3.02 (1.63-5.58) and 4.00 (2.01-7.93). CONCLUSION Moderate physical abuse and severe physical abuse were possible risk factors of IAD.
Myocardial infarction centres: the way forward

In the era of primary PCI, a strategy of admitting patients to the nearest hospital should be obsolete. Instead, a prehospital diagnostic strategy should be implemented in order to: (1) refer patients directly to interventional centres, thereby eliminating delay at local hospitals; (2) alert the interventional centre, thereby reducing door to balloon times; (3) initiate adjunctive medication in the prehospital phase
Dynamic Modeling and Improved Control of DFIG Under Distorted Grid Voltage Conditions

This paper presents a mathematical model of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in the positive synchronous reference frame under distorted grid voltage conditions. The oscillations of the DFIG's electromagnetic torque and the instantaneous stator active and reactive powers are fully described when the grid voltage is harmonically distorted. Four alternative control targets are proposed to improve the system responses during grid harmonic distortions. A new rotor current control scheme implemented in the positive synchronous reference frame is developed. The control scheme consists of a proportional-integral (PI) regulator and a harmonic resonant (R) compensator tuned at six times the grid frequency. Consequently, the fundamental and the fifth- and seventh-order components of rotor currents are directly regulated by the PI-R controller without sequential-component decompositions. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation studies on a 2.0-MW wind-turbine-driven DFIG system. Compared with the conventional vector control scheme based on standard PI current controllers, the proposed control scheme leads to significant elimination of either DFIG power or torque oscillations under distorted grid voltage conditions.
Germany. Plagiarism hunters take down research minister.

When Annette Schavan, Germany9s minister for science and education, resigned on 9 February, even politicians from opposition parties called the move "tragic. " She is the latest in a string of officials here who have stepped down amid plagiarism allegations. But Schavan9s case, centering on her 1980 dissertation in education studies, was less clear-cut than others, and it has opened up a debate in German academia.
Lattices and their applications

It is my privilege to introduce to this Society a vigorous and promising younger brother of group theory, by name, lattice theory. Among other things, I shall try to bring out the family resemblance. It is generally recognized that some familiarity with the notions of group, subgroup, normal subgroup, inner automorphism, commutator, and their technical properties, in a word, with group theory, is an essential preliminary to the understanding of algebraic equations, of differential equations, of the relation between the different branches of geometry, of automorphic functions, of crystallography, and of many other parts of mathematics and mathematical physics. I shall try to convince you that, in the same way, some familiarity with the notions of lattice, sublattice, the modular identity, dual automorphism, chain, and their technical properties, in a word, with lattice theory, is an essential preliminary to the full understanding of logic, set theory, probability, functional analysis, projective geometry, the decomposition theorems of abstract algebra, and many other branches of mathematics. It is often said that mathematics is a language. If so, group theory provides the proper vocabulary for discussing symmetry. In the same way, lattice theory provides the proper vocabulary for discussing order, and especially systems which are in any sense hierarchies. One might also say that just as group theory deals with permutations, so lattice theory deals with combinations. One difference between the two is that whereas our knowledge of group theory has increased by not more than fifty per cent in the last thirty years, our knowledge of lattice theory has increased by perhaps two hundred per cent in the last ten years. Lattice theory is based on a single undefined relation, the inclusion relation x^y. In this it resembles group theory, which is based on one undefined operation, group multiplication. The relation of inclusion is assumed to satisfy three primary postulates:
Correlates of Adult Assault among Homeless Women

The purpose of this study was to assess predictors of sexual and physical assault among homeless women. A multivariate, correlation design was utilized to identify independent correlates of adult physical and sexual assault. The sample consisted of 202 homeless women residing in shelters or living on the street in the Skid Row area of Los Angeles. Respondents reporting a history of child sexual abuse were almost four times more likely to report being sexually assaulted as adults and were almost two and one third times more likely to report being physically assaulted as adults. A range of factors increase homeless women's risk of adult physical and sexual victimization, including child sexual abuse, substance use, lifetime sex trade activity, and previous incarceration. It is important for homeless service providers to develop an individual risk profile for homeless women and to intervene in order to decrease their risk of re-victimization.
Trust in B2B Commerce: Taxonomy and Roles

Research studying trust in B2B relationships is only starting to burgeon compared to its B2C counterpart. Updating the Saunders et al (2004) review with a sample that includes more recent studies, we find an increase in studies on trust in B2B and interorganizational systems (IOSs). We group some commonalities we find into three types of trust: relationship, technology, and third-party, and fit them in a general framework. We also identify four patterns with which researchers operationalize and test B2B trust and evaluate the empirical support for each. We conclude by discussing some gaps we observed during our review of literature.
Clinical measurement of sit-to-stand performance in people with balance disorders: validity of data for the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE People with balance disorders are characterized as having difficulty with transitional movements, such as the sit-to-stand movement. A valid and feasible tool is needed to help clinicians quantify the ability of people with balance disorders to perform transitional movements. The purpose of this study was to describe the concurrent and discriminative validity of data obtained with the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST). The FTSST was compared with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty-one subjects without balance disorders and 93 subjects with balance disorders were recruited for the study. Each subject was asked to stand from a 43-cm-high chair 5 times as quickly as possible. The ABC and DGI scores were recorded. RESULTS Subjects with balance disorders performed the FTSST more slowly than subjects without balance disorders. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that the FTSST correctly identified 65% of subjects with balance dysfunction, the ABC identified 80%, and the DGI identified 78%. The ability of the FTSST to identify subjects with balance dysfunction was better for subjects younger than 60 years of age (81%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The FTSST displays discriminative and concurrent validity properties that make this test potentially useful in clinical decision making, although overall the ABC and the DGI are better than the FTSST at discriminating between subjects with and subjects without balance disorders.
Online counseling: An exploratory survey of Italian psychologists’ attitudes towards new ways of interaction†

Abstract Objective: Online counseling may be defined as an interaction between users and mental health professionals that takes place through computer mediated communication technology. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of Italian psychologists towards different aspects of online counseling provided via email, chat, forums, and videoconference. Method: An online questionnaire was administered to a sample of 289 licensed psychologists in the Veneto Region (Italy) in order to collect opinions, preferences, and intentions to use online modalities, along with prior knowledge and practice experiences. Results: Only 18.3% of the respondents had previous experience with online counseling. Overall, the majority of psychologists (62.6%) were favorable towards online counseling, but they also had several reservations about the provision of online diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Results showed a consistent lack of clarity regarding ethical and penal issues concerning online modalities. Conclusions: More efforts must be directed to deepening the application of new technologies in the field of psychology in order to enable an ethical and professional practice of online counseling in Italy.
Throughput optimization by pipeline alignment of a Self Synchronous FPGA

We report on the throughput optimization of a Self Synchronous FPGA (SSFPGA) using benchmark circuits. We find that using a dual pipeline architecture we are able to convert synchronous designs from verilog onto our SSFPGA, and by using pipeline alignment techniques to match pipeline depth we can perform at maximum throughput. We demonstrate 0 to 56.1 times throughput improvement with our pipeline alignment techniques. The pipeline alignment is carried out within the number of logic elements in the array and pipeline buffers in the switching matrix.