Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lutein Content in Sweetpotato Leaves

Fresh leaves of 6 sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ) genotypes, Beau- regard, Bienville, L99-35, L00-8, L01-145, and L01-29, were characterized for lutein. Lutein is a carotenoid capable of delaying blindness-related macular degeneration. The content of lutein in sweetpotato ranged from 0.38 to 0.58 mgg -1 fresh weight. Beta- carotene separated from lutein on high-pressure liquid chromatograms and when spiked in pure lutein extract did not interfere with lutein separation. High-resolution electro- spray ionization mass spectrometric analysis was used to confirm the presence of lutein in sweetpotato leaves. Stems were also characterized and found not to contain lutein. Our results showed that sweetpotato leaves are an excellent source of dietary lutein and surpass levels found in leafy crucifers. Leaves of sweetpotato and a related species are human food in some countries and may be a major source of lutein for commercial purposes.
The Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited: Experience, Heterogeneity, Work Effort, and Work-Schedule Flexibility

This paper seeks an explanation for the well-documented wage disadvantage of mothers compared to women without children. An analysis of data from the 1968–88 National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women shows that human capital inputs and unobserved heterogeneity explain 55–57% of the gap. Further analysis suggests that mothers tended to face the highest wage penalty when they first returned to work. A finding that medium-skill mothers (high school graduates) suffered more prolonged and severe wage losses than either low- or high-skill mothers casts doubt on the work-effort explanation for the wage gap, according to which women reduce work effort in response to childcare duties. The authors instead cite variable time constraints: high school graduates are likely to hold jobs requiring their presence during regular office hours, and are unlikely to gain flexibility by finding work at other hours or by taking work home in the evening.
2001 AERA Election Results

While there is an expansive literature about what school structures, programs, and processes are necessary for instructional change, we know less about how these changes are undertaken or enacted by school leaders in their daily work. To study school leadership we must attend to leadership practice rather than chiefly or exclusively to school structures, programs, and designs. An in-depth analysis of the practice of school leaders is necessary to render an account of how school leadership works. Knowing what leaders do is one thing, but without a rich understanding of how and why they do it, our understanding of leadership is incomplete. To do that, it is insufficient to simply observe school leadership in action and generate thick descriptions of the observed practice. We need to observe from within a conceptual framework. In our opinion, the prevailing framework of individual agency, focused on positional leaders such as principals, is inadequate because leadership is not just a function of what these leaders know and do. Hence, our intent in this paper is to frame an exploration of how leaders think and act by developing a distributed perspective on leadership practice.
Hypertensive Heart Disease, Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Evolutionary Aspects: About 103 Cases in a Cardiology Department of Sikasso Hospital in Mali

Introduction: Hypertensive heart disease is a complication of uncontrolled high blood pressure. It affects 0.7% of the world's population and is the leading cause of death due to high blood pressure. Objectives: Determine the prevalence and study the epidemiological, diagnostic and progressive aspects of hypertensive heart disease. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a two-year period (July 1st, 2014 to June 30th, 2016) in the Cardiology Department of Sikasso Hospital for any patient hospitalized for hypertensive heart disease. Results: One hundred and three patients were selected, representing a hospital prevalence of 7.21%. The mean age of the population was 52 years (15-82 years) with a male predominance (63%) and a sex ratio of 1.7. Smoking was the most common cardiovascular risk factor associated with high blood pressure (71.7%). High blood pressure grade III according to the World Health Organization classification was found in 52.4%. The electrocardiogram showed isolated left ventricular hypertrophy in 89.3% of patients and associated with atrial fibrillation in 9.7%. Doppler echocardiography showed an altered left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 45%) in 58.25% of cases and left ventricular hypertrophy in all patients with a predominance of the concentric type (52.9%). Therapeutically, diuretics and conversion enzyme inhibitors were used in 73.7%, beta-blockers in 17.3% and calcium channel blockers in 9%. Complications were dominated by congestive heart failure (52%), arrhythmia (21%), ischemic stroke (4%). The average length of hospitalization was 5 days. The mortality rate was 1.97%. Conclusions: Hypertensive heart disease is a common complication of high blood pressure. The prognosis depends on screening and proper management of the scourge of high blood pressure.
Book Review

Secondary school reading emerged as an academic specialty around the 1930s. Pioneer texts in this field by Yoakam (1928), McCallister (1936), Center and Persons (1937), Strang (1938), and Bond and Bond (1941) confronted issues a half century ago that appear modern today. The old texts contain statements about the nature of mature reading, assessment of reading abilities, remediation of students' reading difficulties, leading students efficiently to textual information, developing students' independent reading abilities, implementing reading instruction beyond the elementary schools, and developing school-wide reading programs. Recommendations for secondary school reading instruction have been available for some time, although succeeding generations have faced the task of extending and refining those recommendations. Secondary School Reading is an update on current researchers' progress toward that end. Secondary School Reading is published by the National Conference on Research in English (NCRE) and ERIC. This collection contains 12 chapters written by educator-researchers who have well-established credentials. Furthermore, Allen Berger and H. Alan Robinson, the editors, advisedly matched authorities with specialty areas. For instance, Petrosky reports the 1979-SO NAEP findings on reading and literature achievement, Page describes current research on readers' strategies, and Johnston and Pearson discuss reading assessment. A prologue by Robinson and an epilogue by Early summarize the main research-based conclusions of this volume. This review of Secondary School Reading is divided into two sections. The first section accentuates the positive by highlighting research efforts described in this collection that have shown progress within their particular focus. The second section stresses the negative by commenting on how secondary school classroom practices are likely to remain virtually unchanged despite ongoing changes in the professional and research literature. The headings for these two sections come from the subtitle of this collection: What Research Reveals for Classroom Practice.
Observations on the distribution of meroplankton during a downwelling event and associated intrusion of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine plume

We investigated the dispersal of larvae of benthic invertebrates and tested the hypothesis that larvae behaved as if they were passive particles. Observations were made off Duck, North Carolina, USA during a period of wind driven downwelling at the coast and an intrusion of estuarine water from the Chesapeake Bay. The plume of estuarine water (salinity < 30 psu) was strongest at the shoreward stations in the more northern transects. Wind driven shoreward surface flow converged at the seaward edge of the plume and downwelled. Offshore flow was present below the thermocline and caused the thermocline to bend downward and contact the bottom at between 5 and 10 km offshore. In the zooplankton samples, we enumerated 33 taxa of larvae (17 taxa of bivalve veligers, 10 taxa of gastropod veligers, and 6 taxa of polychaete larvae). Using cluster analysis, larvae were separated into groups with similar patterns of distribution. If larvae were acting as passive particles then we hypothesized that: 1) Their distribution should remain tied to a water mass and 2) around a convergence or divergence, there should be no change in larval concentration. The distributions of larvae in Clusters 1, 4, 5, and 6 were consistent with the hypothesis that they were acting as passive particles. Larvae in Clusters 2 and 3, however, did not appear to be acting as passive particles. Larvae in Cluster 2 did not remain tied to a water mass. They entered the study area in the estuarine plume waters, but within 20 km they were nearly absent from the plume water and were found seaward of the plume and at greater depth. Larvae in Cluster 3 were most abundant in areas of converging currents where the shoreward flowing surface waters downwelled at the plume front or against the shore. We hypothesized that larvae of organisms which as adults live in the intertidal or shallow subtidal zones would have more nearshore distributions than the larvae of adults that are broadly distributed across the shelf. We compared the depth of the habitat of the adult bivalves from which the bivalve larvae in the different clusters were derived. The results were consistent with the hypothesis; larvae with distributions closer to shore tended to come from adults found at shallower depths or in the intertidal zone.
Book Review

with at least 10 megabytes of memory would be highly desirable. Though a math coprocessor chip is recommended for both, it seems really to be required. The execution time for reasonably large jobs seems to increase by a factor of five to seven when the coprocessor is not used. LISREL-PC is not copy protected, nor does it have a limited number of executions. EQS /PC is protected by SUPERLoK and allows for two "installations. " If for any reason the user wants to remove it from the hard disk, the execute file must be uninstalled or one of the installations is lost.
A freshwater fish defies ancient mountain ranges and drainage divides: extrinsic and intrinsic influences on the evolutionary history of a recently identified galaxiid

A river hierarchy model has been proposed for stream‐dwelling taxa, where genetic structure is expected to reflect geographical proximity and connectivity of river systems. However, many exceptions and deviations from this model have been detected. The present study tested three biogeographical hypotheses (River Hierarchy, Palaeoriver Systems and Interdrainage Dispersal) to assess how a recently identified galaxiid, Galaxias sp. ‘nebula’, came to have a wide distribution across multiple currently isolated river systems in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa.
Use of Inclined-Plane Traps to Study Movement and Survival of Atlantic Salmon Smolts in the Connecticut River

Abstract We determined the utility of inclined-plane traps for capturing smolts of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and studied the timing of the downriver run and survival of smolts in the Connecticut River in 1985 and 1986. We captured 22 smolts with one trap in 1985, and 45 with three traps in 1986. Although these numbers were small, the results from both years were similar. Mean total lengths of smolts (ranges in parentheses) were 186 mm (152–206 mm) in 1985 and 178 mm (152–201 mm) in 1986. The migration period in both years extended from early April to mid-May. Mean river temperatures when smolts were captured were 10.5°C (4.5–16.0°C) in 1985 and 10.3°C (4.5–15.0°C) in 1986. Most smolts were captured several weeks after the period of peak spring flows that probably would have provided the safest passage past electricity generating stations. The recapture rates of tagged hatchery smolts stocked 8 km upstream from the trap were 1 of 4,400 (0.023%) in 1985 and 1 of 2,900 (0.034%) in 1986. These rates were si.
Integrated pest management in cotton: exploiting behaviour-modifying (semiochemical) compounds for managing cotton pests

Abstract. We review here research on semiochemicals for cotton pest management carried out in successive Cotton Co-operative Research Centres from 1998 to 2012. Australian cotton is now dominated by transgenic (Bt) varieties, which provide a strong platform for integrated pest management of key pests such as Helicoverpa spp. , but new technologies are required to manage the development of resistance in Helicoverpa spp. to transgenic cotton and the problems posed by emerging and secondary pests, especially sucking insects. A long-range attractant for Helicoverpa moths, based on plant volatiles, has been commercialised as Magnet®. The product has substantial area-wide impacts on moth populations, and only limited effects on beneficial insects. Potential roles are being investigated for this product in resistance management of Helicoverpa spp. on transgenic cotton. Short-range, non-volatile compounds on organ surfaces of plants that do not support development of Helicoverpa spp. have been identified; these compounds deter feeding or oviposition, or are toxic to insect pests. One such product, Sero X®, is effective on Helicoverpa spp. and sucking pests such as whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), green mirids (Creontiades dilutus), and other hemipteran insects, and is in the advanced stages of commercialisation.
Factors Determining Leg Length in Rangifer tarandus

Leg length is quite variable within both domestic reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ssp.) and among the wild subspecies of R. tarandus , and appears to be under the control of several selective factors. These include nutritional constraints, the energetic efficiency of foraging through snow of various depths, the efficiency of locomotion where long migrations occur, and fleetness related to predator avoidance. The net energy cost of walking or running a given distance on a hard surface decreases with increasing leg length, and the advantage of increased leg length in decreasing the cost of locomotion is even more pronounced in deep snow. However, the energetic advantages of long legs for movement in deep snow and for migration are counteracted by the energy costs to the animal for growth and maintenance of the additional tissues and possible decreased efficiency in foraging at or near ground level. The cline of decreasing leg length in Rangifer with increasing latitude is apparently the product of these selective mechanisms. This also seems to have been the case with the decreasing size of Rangifer during the Pleistocene and early Holocene. Evidence from domestic and feral reindeer, insular populations, and feeding experiments indicate that changes in nutrition can account for short-term changes in leg length in Rangifer , although these changes are usually allometric. This evidence is consistent with paleontological material from Greenland which also suggests that relatively rapid changes in body size (e.g., “dwarfism”) may result from nutritional stress.
Differential Effects of Cyanidin and Cyanidin-3-glucoside on Human Cell Lines

Anthocyanins are pigments in plants. Anthocyanins and their aglycons, anthocyanidins, have various biological effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and on proliferative effects, using four cancer cell lines and one normal cell line, and we found that cyanidin (100 μmol/L) has significant effects when compared with cyanidin-3-glucoside. Cyanidin reduced intracellular ROS levels in MCF-7, HuH-7, HepG2, Caco-2 and HUVEC cell lines, but cyanidin-3-glucoside did not. Cyanidin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7, HuH-7, HepG2 and Caco-2 cells, but cyanidin-3-glucoside did not. Cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside had no effect on the proliferation of HUVEC. We also tested cyanidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin and peonidin-3-glucoside, but the presence of a sugar in their structure hampered the biological effects of aglycons. These results suggest that a sugar in the anthocyanin structure affects biological activity.
The Phylogenetic Placement of Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and the Taxonomic Status of the Family-Group Name Oxygastrinae Bleeker, 1860

The cyprinid genus, Oxygaster van Hasselt, 1823, is the name-bearing type genus of the family-group name Oxygastri Bleeker, 1860, which predates many of the commonly used family-group names for the family Cyprinidae. Historically, the phylogenetic position of Oxygaster within the cyprinid phylogeny has been poorly understood, resulting in an uncertain status for its associated family-group name. The phylogenetic placement of Oxygaster and the status of the family-group name Oxygastri are examined herein using sequence data from four loci: two mitochondrial (cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase I) and two nuclear (opsin, recombination activating gene 1). A combined data matrix of 4117 bp for 109 taxa was collected and analyzed. Our results recovered Oxygaster within a large and taxonomically disorganized clade, one that has been reported in other studies on the Cyprinidae. The position of Oxygaster has wide-ranging consequences which led us to synonymize a number of cyprinid subfamilies and reorganize the current cyprinid classification. We recognize a monophyletic Oxygastrinae Bleeker, 1860 that includes the following genera: Aphyocypris, Candidia, Ctenopharyngodon, Culter, Hemigrammocypris, Hypophthalmichthys, Ischikauia, Macrochirichthys, Megalobrama, Metzia, Nicholsicypris, Nipponocypris, Ochetobius, Opsariichthys, Oxygaster, Parachela, Paralaubuca, Pararasbora, Parazacco, Squaliobarbus, Xenocyprioides, Xenocypris, Yaoshanicus, and Zacco. We place the following family-group names into the synonymy of Oxygastrinae Bleeker, 1860: Cultrinae Kryzhanovsky, 1947; Hypophthalmichthyinae Günther, 1868; Opsariichthyinae Rendahl, 1928; Squaliobarbinae Howes, 1981; and Xenocypridinae Günther, 1868.
Using TPACK for Analysing Teachers’ Task Design – Understanding Change in a 1:1-Laptop Setting

This paper investigates one aspect from a longitudinal study concerning a 1:1-project in two secondary schools in Sweden. The paper has three aims; firstly, to investigate if the educational tasks in a 1:1-classroom are recontextualized to reflect the new conditions of the practice, secondly, to test the TPACK-framework as a potentially useful lens for analysing teachers’ work with task design and finally to offer guidelines for designing tasks in a 1:1 setting. The design of this study proved valuable for testing TPACK as a lens as well as exploring how teacher competencies have effect on educational activities within a 1:1 laptop setting. The paper also contributes to the practice field as it gives guidelines for task design in a 1:1 setting.
Microsetella Norvegica (Boeck): a Direct Relationship Between Seasonal Sea Temperature and Adult Size in a Planktonic Copepod

FIELDER, D. R. , 1970. The feeding behaviour of the sand crab Scopimera inflata (Decapoda, Ocypodidae). Journ. Zool. (London), 160: 35-49. ONO, Y. , 1965. On the ecological distribution of ocypoid crabs in the estuary. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ., (E) (Biol.) 4: 1-60. PUGH, K. B. , 1975. A model beach system. Journ. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. , 18: 197-213. , 1976. An annual cycle, at constant temperature, in a model beach, 1. Nutrient chemistry. Journ. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. , 22: 179-192. NOTES AND NEWS
Frugivory by birds on Schefflera morototoni (Araliaceae) in a Cerrado-Amazon orest transition area, eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil

Schefflera morototoni fruits are important food source for neotropical frugivorous birds. The objectives of the present study were to record bird species that consumed fruits of S. morototoni in a forest in the transition Cerrado-Amazon Forest, Mato Grosso, Brazil and evaluate the potential of these bird species as seed dispersers of this plant species. During 31 observation hours, from November 1 to 5, 2011, 23 bird species were recorded consuming S. morototoni fruits. Out of these, 20 bird species were considered potential seed dispersers, as they swallow the fruits whole. The species consuming the greatest number of fruits were Aburria cujubi (24% of total consumed fruits), Pteroglossus castanotis (18%), Tangara palmarum (12%), Patagioenas speciosa (11%), Ramphastos toco (8%), and Dacnis lineata (5%). The species T. palmarum showed the highest visit frequency (VF = 1.51), followed by P. castanotis (VF = 0.80), and D. lineata (VF = 0.77). All bird species employed picking foraging method for removal of fruits and in 11 species (48%) this method was the only one used. Agonistic interactions represented 13% of the total number of visits. Dacnis lineata received the highest number of attacks and P. castanotis and Pitangus sulphuratus were the more aggressive species. The high bird richness and the great number of consumed fruits indicated that the fruits of S. morototoni may be an important food resource for birds in the Cerrado-Amazon Forest transition
An Open Source Software Quality Model and Its Applicability for Assessing E-commerce Content Management Systems

Content Management Systems (CMS) are widely known to provide a simple and practical way to create and administer a web application including e-commerce. A variety of CMSs exist which offer different features needed to develop an e-commerce. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge on what framework can guide the selection of appropriate CMS for building a quality e-commerce. This is timely since ecommerce has been inhabited by the fears and risks associated with the online business. Five CMS e-commerce (WP ecommerce, Woocommerce, VirtueMart, Prestashop, and OpenCart) were chosen, deployed, customised, hosted in an online server as case studies of e-commerce and then tested against the quality criteria and metrics. This study provided empirical evidence on the applicability of the proposed model for gaining insights into the quality of e-commerce CMS. Keywords—Software quality model; Open Source Software; Content Management System; E-commerce
Crisis Management and Recovery

© 2002, CORNELL UNIVERSITY The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, constitute an extreme example of the many crises that a business operation might face. In this article, we review a typology of crises and examine the crisis response of hotels in Washington, D.C., as a case to illustrate how the local hospitality industry worked closely with other tourism partners to manage this unprecedented situation and to develop recovery strategies. Given that many commentators anticipate an additional attack of some kind, the lessons and experience gained from managing the 9/11 crisis serve as recommendations for the hospitality industry in other destinations as they prepare for and handle future crises should they occur. One year after the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C., the effects are still being felt throughout the U.S. economy and have sent a particular chill through the tourism and hospitality industry. The complete shutdown Crisis Management and Recovery