Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time investments in rituals are associated with social bonding, affect and subjective health: a longitudinal study of Diwali in two Indian communities

Rituals are performed within specific socio-ecological niches, yet the different effects of the same ritual form across different niches (community contexts) remains unclear. Here, using longitudinal measures over a two-week period during Diwali (the Indian festival of light), we investigate the relationship between ritual time allocation and social cohesion in two Indian communities. First, the positive effects of ritual on social bonding, perceived health and affect were highest on the focal day of the festival. Second, we observed anticipatory effects of ritualistic commitment on affect prior to the main day of the festival. Third, social bonding patterns were similar in the two Indian settings, indicating that Diwali fosters social cohesion across diverse social ecologies (cultural niches). However, individually focused emotional benefits appear to dampened in more cosmopolitan environments. Finally, time investments reveal diminishing marginal utilities for ritual activities on social cognition. Ritual time investments were linked to greater affect and family cohesion up to a certain limit. We argue that attention to the diminishing returns of ritual time investments on social cohesion across diverse human ecologies is an important horizon for future cross-cultural investigations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours’.
Why is your patient sedated?

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to examine the recording of clinical indication for prescribed sedative/hypnotic (SH) medications in a large, acute tertiary referral hospital. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH All hospital inpatients' medications (n = 367) were audited for prescription details regarding SH medications. Medical notes were then examined for evidence of a recorded indication for such medications. FINDINGS SH medications were prescribed to many hospital inpatients (42.5 per cent) during admission. An indication was documented in the nursing or medical records for 24.4 per cent of patients who were prescribed such medications. Nurses rather than by doctors prescribed most SH medications (74 vs 26 per cent, respectively, p = 0.003). Some patients receiving SH medications were both over 65 and impaired in their mobility (19.2 per cent). The treatment indication was documented in 47 per cent. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Most patients prescribed SH medications have nothing in their medical record explaining why these drugs are being used, including half of the elderly, less mobile patients. All health professionals dealing with SH medications and doctors in particular need to justify the use of such medications in the medical record. For the particularly high-risk groups where SH medications are potentially more dangerous, explicit guidance on why and how such medications are to be used must be provided by prescribers. ORIGINALITY/VALUE For the first time, data are presented on documentation rates for clinical indication of prescribed SH medications across a large acute hospital, and highlights significant shortcomings in practice. This study should inform other organisations of the need to be mindful of facilitating greater compliance with good prescribing practice.
Development of a new solid lipid nanoparticle formulation containing retinoic acid for topical treatment of acne

The development of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is an interesting approach to topical treatment of acne. SLN has potential for controlled release and follicular penetration, which can reduce adverse effects in comparison with conventional formulations. However, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of RA in SLN is usually low, unless a high surfactant/lipid ratio is used. The aim of this work was to develop SLN with high EE using a low surfactant/lipid ratio. Different formulations of RA-loaded SLN were prepared using glyceryl behenate as lipid matrix. The particle size, EE, zeta potential and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were investigated. High EE in SLN was obtained with addition of amines. These results indicate that the utilization of amines is an interesting approach to improve the EE of RA in SLN using a low surfactant/lipid ratio.
On reliable information rate bounds for fading channel with receiver CSI only

Outage capacity is one of the widely accepted metrics to predict the maximum reliable information rate over fading channel with channel side information (CSI) at the receiver only. This metric is calculated with the assumption that since CSI is not available at the transmitter side, transmission strategies such as rate adjustment cannot be employed to match channel varying to improve the system spectral efficiency. But it is possible to adjust transmission rate at the receiver side instead of adjusting at the transmitter side. In this case, is the widely accepted concept on outage capacity still true? To answer this question, we evaluate spectrum efficiency of two different systems that use rateless codes for several modulation schemes over Rayleigh flat fading channel by theoretical analysis and simulation in the paper. It is shown that outage capacity cannot be well used to predict maximum reliable information rate for fading channels in middle regime of signal to noise ratio.
Species in the primate fossil record

Species in the fossil record are population pools of genetic and phenetic variation at a place and time, morphologically recognizable and distinguishable from others by empirical standards. Change through time can be substantial, requiring subdivision of lineages that becomes more arbitrary as they become more complete. Evolution is about form, space, and time; it is about variation and change. Interpretation of species in the fossil record touches all of these.
Benchmarking innovation for best practice

Report on a project on benchmarking innovating activity in a number of progressive UK – and European‐based organizations. Aims to identify best practice in innovation and its management and control by using the McKinsey model criteria. Concludes with a list of factors thought to impinge on the degree of success innovation management.
A technique for low power, stuck-at fault diagnosable and reconfigurable scan architecture

Power dissipation is a major issue with testing of designs having full scan architectures. The proposed scan technique minimizes toggle activity while scanning in test patterns. The method uses bit inversion technique to avoid toggles in scan flip-flops. The setup is dynamically configurable to one among the logic reversal structure and traditional scan while shift-in/shift-out of test patterns. Experimental results indicate that the average toggle activity is minimized substantially compared to California Scan architecture. It has features of full diagnosability of single stuck-at faults along the scan chain path.
An empirical examination of how the corporate governance and strategy affect GHG emissions efficiency

This study aims to empirically examine how environmental efficiency related to GHG emissions is affected by corporate governance and activities. This study uses data from CDP (former Carbon Disclosure Project) where the observations are 686 firms worldwide in 2013. As proxy for the environmental efficiency, this study adopts GHG emissions per employee. As independent variables, this study uses dummy variables made from CDP questionnaire. Regarding the corporate governance, this study finds that the amount of greenhouse gas emissions per employee is low (i.e., efficient) when direct responsibility for climate change is taken by individual/sub-set of the board and other and senior manager/officer. However, when companies engage directly or through trade associations on climate change, the companies are considered to be less efficient than other companies. On the other hand, regarding corporate activities, this study finds that environmentally inefficient companies (i.e., more greenhouse gas emissions per employee) are likely to participate in emissions trading schemes, take a verification/assurance status that applies to firmâ€™s Scope 3 emissions at the first year, and engage with customers.
Do Firms Respond to Stronger Patent Protection by Doing More R&D?

We examine whether stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) promote firm R&D, using changes in the IPR of export-partner countries as an exogenous source of variation. Constructing an export-weighted index of trade partner IPR by country-industry-year, we find that R&D responds strongly to trade partner IPR, and this after including industry, year, country, and interacted fixed effects. We further find evidence of this relationship at the level of the establishment, using a unique Canadian dataset. Our results suggest a causal link between IPR and firm R&D investments.
Harmonic emission before and after changing to LED and CFL — Part I: Laboratory measurements for a domestic customer

This paper presents an investigation after the impact on a number of power-quality parameters due to the change from incandescent lamps to energy saving lamps like CFL and LED. The measurements were conducted in a full-scale laboratory model with ordinary household equipment connected, thus simulating an ordinary domestic customer. Incandescent lamps have been replaced in stages by CFL and LED lamps. The CFL's and LED lamps will contribute to an increase in current distortion but the amplitude of the harmonics is quite low so the change of lighting will only have a minor effect on the total current harmonic distortion. It is also shown that the (total) power factor is not a good indicator to compare the impact of different loads on the system.
MEASURING CUSTOMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY: A STUDY OF APPLE AND SAMSUNG IN THE VIETNAMESE TABLET MARKET

Brand plays a pivotal role to firms in today’s business. The increasing attention on brand has led to the introduction of the concept “brand equity” in the 1980s. More recently, brand equity has been defined in customer-based contexts since the company’s real value lies in the minds of existing or potential buyers. In this study, based on Aaker’s well-known theory of customer-based brand equity (CBBE), the measurement of CBBE is constructed on four main dimensions, including brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand associations and perceived quality. By investigating the interrelationships between brand loyalty and the remaining components of customer-based brand equity, this study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of brand equity from a consumer perspective in the Vietnamese tablet market, from which some implications for practitioners working in the tablet industry are drawn. The findings conclude that there is no discriminant validity between brand awareness and brand association. Brand loyalty and brand awareness/association, brand loyalty and perceived quality are found to be positively correlated.
Catastrophizing, anxiety and pain during dental hygiene treatment.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the relations between catastrophizing, dental anxiety, and pain during dental hygiene treatment. METHODS Participants were 78 (32 men, 46 women) consecutive referrals to the Dalhousie University Dental Clinic. All patients were scheduled for a scaling procedure performed by senior dental hygiene students. Following treatment, patients completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Dental Anxiety Scale - Revised, and were asked to rate the degree of pain they experienced during the scaling procedure. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that age and the rumination subscale of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale were significant predictors of pain, even when controlling for gender, and oral hygiene status. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that excessive focus on pain sensations may be one of the mechanisms by which catastrophizing leads to increased pain. The clinical challenges will be to develop cost- and time-effective means of identifying individuals who catastrophize and to implement interventions to reduce their level of distress.
The protein‐lipopolysaccharide complex extracted with trichloracetic acid from Salmonella typhimurium effective in protection of mice against S. typhimurium infection

A protein‐lipopolysaccharide complex has previously been postulated as necessary to protect susceptible mice against Salmonella typhimurium infection. Lipopolysaccharide attached to non‐specific proteins, bovine serum albumin or methylated BSA, gave a specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction when injected into the footpad of mice sensitized with sublethal doses of S. typhimurium. However, immunization of BALB/c mice with the complex gave no survivors after challenge with 100 LD50S. typhimurium. Trichloracetic acid extraction of bacterial cultures produced lipopolysaccharide with attached protein. This method gave simple and convenient production of an active factor, demonstrating few major protein bands after electrophoresis. The complex elicited specific DTH reactions in sensitized mice and protected 37% of BALB/c mice against 100 LD50S. typhimurium. Combinations of protein:lipopolysaccharide were used in DTH experiments to determine the relative importance of the components. A minimum requirement for both was demonstrated, although the ratio was not critical. Use of O‐antigenic mutant strains of Salmonella indicated a role for protein in the specificity of activity of the complex.
Pengaruh Organizational Learning Terhadap Competitive Advantage Melalui Accounting Information System Pada Perusahaan Non Manufaktur Terbuka

The purpose of this study was to know whether there was an influence of organizational learning to competitive advantage through the accounting information system. The selected population in this study was open non-manufacturing companies Surabaya, which is composed of property, telecommunications, banks, and retail. Sample of this research was the employee who has a position as a manager. The total sample of 60 respondents drawn 2 managers from each company manager. This study used path analysis technical model with PLS. The results from this study showed that organizational learning had significant and positive impact on the competitive advantage of companies and also learning through the accounting information system that could give affect to the company in achieving competitive advantage.
Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activities of IL-271

IL-27 is a novel IL-6/IL-12 family cytokine playing an important role in the early regulation of Th1 responses. We have recently demonstrated that IL-27 has potent antitumor activity, which is mainly mediated through CD8+ T cells, against highly immunogenic murine colon carcinoma. In this study, we further evaluated the antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of IL-27, using poorly immunogenic murine melanoma B16F10 tumors, which were engineered to overexpress single-chain IL-27 (B16F10 + IL-27). B16F10 + IL-27 cells exerted antitumor activity against not only s.c. tumor but also experimental pulmonary metastasis. Similar antitumor and antimetastatic activities of IL-27 were also observed in IFN-γ knockout mice. In NOD-SCID mice, these activities were decreased, but were still fairly well-retained, suggesting that different mechanisms other than the immune response are also involved in the exertion of these activities. Immunohistochemical analyses with Abs against vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31 revealed that B16F10 + IL-27 cells markedly suppressed tumor-induced neovascularization in lung metastases. Moreover, B16F10 + IL-27 cells clearly inhibited angiogenesis by dorsal air sac method, and IL-27 exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. IL-27 was revealed to directly act on HUVECs and induce production of the antiangiogenic chemokines, IFN-γ-inducible protein (IP-10) and monokine induced by IFN-γ. Finally, augmented mRNA expression of IP-10 and monokine induced by IFN-γ was detected at the s.c. B16F10 + IL-27 tumor site, and antitumor activity of IL-27 was partially inhibited by the administration of anti-IP-10. These results suggest that IL-27 possesses potent antiangiogenic activity, which plays an important role in its antitumor and antimetastatic activities.
The Multifactorial Etiology of Inhibitor Development in Hemophilia: Genetics and Environment

The most important complication in the treatment of hemophilia A patients today is the development of inhibitory antibodies against infused factor VIII (FVIII). Inhibitor development is caused by a complex interplay between both genetic and environmental factors. The risk of developing inhibitors is greatest in previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A. Several genetic factors, such as a positive family history of inhibitors, ethnicity, FVIII genotype, and certain polymorphisms in immune modulatory genes, are associated with the risk of inhibitor development. Treatment-related factors, such as intensive treatment with FVIII for bleeds or surgery, are associated with a higher inhibitor risk. However, regular prophylaxis seems to have a protective effect on inhibitor development. Knowledge about the risk factors of inhibitor development is a condition for predicting and in the future possibly even preventing the development of inhibitors in patients with severe hemophilia A. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential risk factors of inhibitor development. At present, many uncertainties still remain that will require collaborative investigation.
Simulation-based performance study of YouTube service in 3G LTE

In this paper, we study the performance of the YouTube service over 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE) by means of dynamic network simulations. We consider a typical configuration of an LTE network for TCP traffic and the traffic generation model for YouTube `Flash' videos downloaded onto a personal computer (PC). Furthermore, in order to achieve more reliable results in the simulations, the main configuration parameters are obtained for TCP Cubic congestion control algorithm used by YouTube media servers. The results obtained show that: the number of pauses experimented by users during video download are heavily influenced by the cell load, but the same is not true for pause duration; most of the packet losses occur during initial burst due to the TCP adaptation to the BDP of the link, and, unlike packet losses during throttling phase, these are not depend on radio link quality; and in most cases the user do not use the maximum data rate achievable in the LTE interface.
Daily Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Horses With Colic Requiring Exploratory Celiotomy

Horses that survive to discharge have serum cortisol concentrations that gradually decrease during hospitalization and are significantly lower on the day of discharge than they were at admission. In contrast, horses that do not survive to discharge have persistently high serum cortisol levels that remain elevated on the day of death or euthanasia. Evaluation of serum cortisol concentrations daily in horses after exploratory celiotomy could assist with assessment and prognostication of the patient. Authors’ addresses: Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Butchers Lane, Mereworth, Kent, ME18 5GS United Kingdom (Mair); and Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602-7385 (Sherlock); e-mail: sherlock@uga.edu (Sherlock). © 2009 AAEP. *Presenting author.
Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities

type="main" xml:id="smj2247-abs-0001"> The microfoundations of dynamic capabilities have assumed greater importance in the search for factors that facilitate strategic change. Here, we focus on microfoundations at the level of the individual manager. We introduce the concept of “managerial cognitive capability,” which highlights the fact that capabilities involve the capacity to perform not only physical but also mental activities. We identify specific types of cognitive capabilities that are likely to underpin dynamic managerial capabilities for sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring, and explain their potential impact on strategic change of organizations. In addition, we discuss how heterogeneity of these cognitive capabilities may produce heterogeneity of dynamic managerial capabilities among top executives, which may contribute to differential performance of organizations under conditions of change. Finally, we propose possible directions for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-lasting mobbing of the pied flycatcher increases the risk of nest predation

Mobbing behavior may provide real benefits because mobbing prey individuals often cause a predator to leave the vicinity. However, mobbing calls of prey can attract acoustically oriented predators thus increasing nest predation. Therefore, a real value of mobbing as a type of adaptive behavior may depend on its duration. In this experimental study, we tested whether mobbing duration by the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, a small hole-nesting passerine, increases the risk of nest predation. From the top of one nest-box within each of 78 experimental plots, we played back long calls of pied flycatchers, whereas recordings of short mobbing calls were played back from the top of another nearby nest-box. The nest-boxes were arranged in pairs, and each of them contained a quail Coturnix coturnix egg. Long-call nest-boxes were depredated by martens Martes martes significantly more often than short-call nest-boxes. This predator usually hunts by night and may eavesdrop on the calls of their mobbing prey while resting nearby during the day. The results of the present study show that long-lasting conspicuous mobbing calls may carry a significant cost for the breeding birds. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Interactive Effects of Performance Appraisals on Employees' Motivation in Pakistani Banking Sector

2 Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this research work is to check the impact of performance appraisals (incentive practices and benefits provided by the organization) on employee motivation. Importance: Performance appraisals are very important tool in Human resources management to retain efficient employees whose commitment level with the organization is relevantly high from others. Working with motivated employees actually increases the performance of the organization. The present study is about the performance appraisals that incentives and benefits increase the morale level of employees and stimulate them towards work. Employees who are compensated with appraisals and appreciations, they have done their work well. Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative study was conducted in banking sector of Pakistan. 200 self- administrated questionnaires were distributed in different banks of Pakistan. 182 questionnaires were returned with 92% respond. Confidentiality of response is secured. Findings: The statistical analysis told that incentives and benefits have very positive and significant impact on employees' motivation. Limitation and guideline for future research is also provided. Research limitations/implications: Sample size of the study was limited and only two variables related to performance appraisals were taken. Sample size can be increased for future research and the effects of other variable nature of the task, promotions as a variable, organizational environment, can be studied in the future.