Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speciation Rates Decline through Time in Individual-Based Models of Speciation and Extinction

A well-documented pattern in the fossil record is a long-term decline in the origination rate of new taxa after diversity rebounds from a mass extinction. The mechanisms for this pattern remain elusive. In this article, we investigate the macroevolutionary predictions of an individual-based birth-death model (BDI model) where speciation and extinction rates emerge from population dynamics. We start with the simplest neutral model in which every individual has the same per capita rates of birth, death, and speciation. Although the prediction of the simplest neutral model agrees qualitatively with the fossil pattern, the predicted decline in per-species speciation rates is too fast to explain the long-term trend in fossil data. We thus consider models with variation among species in per capita rates of speciation and a suite of alternative assumptions about the heritability of speciation rate. The results show that interspecific variation in per capita speciation rate can induce differences among species in their ability to resist extinction because a low speciation rate confers a small but important demographic advantage. As a consequence, the model predicts an appropriately slow temporal decline in speciation rates, which provides a mechanistic explanation for the fossil pattern.
Use Value and HRD and HRM Flexibility: Implications for HRD Practice

Human Resource Development (HRD) and Management (HRM) flexibility emphasizes flexible learning, educational technology, flexible firm model, human resource flexibility, high performance work systems, and contingent employment. Human resource departments should examine the development and management of their human resources in the context of the employees’ use value within organizations. This paper analyzes the concept of use value of the employees within the theoretical and practical applications of HRD and HRM flexibility and provides recommendations for organizations to increase the use value of workers. Employee use value directly contributes to the organization’s success or lack thereof.
Optimizing Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: An Inhibitory Learning and Inhibitory Regulation Approach

Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to benefit from treatment or demonstrate a return of fear. Inhibitory learning and inhibitory regulation models provide a parsimonious and unifying framework from which to situate exposure therapy and provide useful strategies to augment exposure therapy, especially as individuals with anxiety disorders show inhibitory deficits. This paper provides an overview of our application of inhibitory learning from the science of extinction, and inhibitory regulation from the neuroscience of emotion regulation, to exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.
Cost Stickiness, Adjustment Costs and Value Creation in M&A Deals

We examine the association of asymmetric cost behavior of acquirers and value creation in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). We find that less sticky acquirers — that is, acquirers with greater resource-adjustment flexibility — earn higher abnormal returns around the acquisition announcement, consistent with greater flexibility facilitating better target integration. We then show that acquirers with greater resource-adjustment flexibility acquire more-intangible-intensive targets, suggesting that their resource-adjustment flexibility allows them to better integrate acquired intangibles. In additional tests, we do not find evidence of an increase in cost-stickiness in the long window around the acquisition. Collectively, the evidence suggests that good acquirers (a) have greater flexibility in resource decisions and (b) purchase more intangible-intensive targets, which likely enables the acquirers to increase long-term abnormal profitability.
A new approach in graph- based integrated production and distribution scheduling for perishable products

This study is concerned with how the quality of perishable products can be improved by shortening the time interval between production and distribution. As special types of food such as dairy products decay fast, the integration of production and distribution scheduling (IPDS) is investigated. An integrated scheduling of both processes improves the performance and costs because the separated scheduling of these processes without considering mutual requirements leads to non-optimal solutions. An optimal solution to IPDS requires simultaneously solving of the production scheduling and vehicle routing problems. This article deals with a variation of IPDS that contains a short shelf-life product; hence, there is no inventory of the product in the process. Once an amount of products is produced, they must be transported with non-negligible transportation time directly to various customer locations. The objective is to determine the minimum cost of the makespan and number of vehicles required to complete the distribution of the products to satisfy the demand of a given set of customers over a wide geographic region. The overall problem consists of permutation flow shop scheduling with machines, jobs and vehicles with different speeds and transportation capacities which transport jobs from the manufacturing company to customers distributed in various zones by determining the vehicle routes and number of vehicles. After developing an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model of the problem, because it is NP-hard, a new graph-based heuristic method is proposed to efficiently solve the problem.
Antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis: assessment of the potential risk for thrombosis

Antiphospholipid antibodies represent a large group of clinically significant antibodies. They are usually detected by the prolongation of phospholipid dependent coagulation assays (The lupus anticoagulant tests), or immunologically using cardiolipin as the target antigen (The anticardiolipin antibody test)’. Although the term antiphospholipid antibody implies a direct interaction between the antibody and phospholipid, the exact target antigen(s) is not known. Recent studies suggest that the antibody is more likely to be directed against a protein/lipid complex. A variety of proteins have been implicated in this regard. These include fJ2glycoprotein 12, prothrombin’, annexin4, protein C, protein S’, and high molecular weight kininogen6. The scenario is further complicated by the fact that in many patients the antibody can interact with the phospholipid in the absence of a protein cofactor. The frequency of protein (cofactor) requirement for the phospholipid-antibody interaction has led several investigators to suggest that the antibodies are best referred to as antiphospholipid/ protein antibodies.
Chromosome rearrangements and aneuploidy in yeast strains lacking both Tel1p and Mec1p reflect deficiencies in two different mechanisms

The human ATM and ATR proteins participate in the DNA damage and DNA replication checkpoint pathways and are critical to maintaining genome stability. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologs of ATM and ATR are Tel1p and Mec1p, respectively. Haploid tel1 mec1 strains have very short telomeres and very high rates of chromosomal aberrations. Here, we examine genetic stability in tel1 mec1 diploid cells. In the absence of induced DNA damage, these yeast strains had very high frequencies of aneuploidy (both trisomy and monosomy) in addition to elevated rates of chromosome rearrangements. Although we found the aneuploidy in the tel1 mec1 diploids mimicked that observed in bub1 diploids, the tel1 mec1 diploids had a functional spindle assembly checkpoint. Restoration of wild-type telomere lengths in the tel1 mec1 strain substantially reduced the rate of chromosome rearrangements but had no effect on the frequency of aneuploidy.
GIS Based Land Information System for CMR Group of Institutions

— This research work is dedicated to create a land information system on areas of CMR GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, Medchal Road, Hyderabad. The main task of the work is to establish a land information database which is based on an Open Source Geographic Information System. The main function of the work is starting with acquisition of existing geo data and information, maintenance, utilization and transferring of data. This research work will be helpful to establish a structured database, multi user access to the database, avoid data redundancy of different organization and follow international standards for geographic information. In this paper, applications of Remote Sensing and GIS for various advance classification techniques together with their accuracy based on performance evaluation, on land use studies are given emphasis. The study has been conducted on CMR GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, a part of Rangareddy district, Telangana, INDIA. The results obtained have been used to generate final land use map of the college. The framework of a national land use and land cover classification system is presented for use with remote sensor data. The establishment of a land information system for CMR GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS will contribute to the National Land Information System. The project demonstrates that Land Information Systems can be created using Open Source GIS software. Promoting the use of Open Source GIS software, enhancing data quality and knowledge exchange are the main aims to be followed further. The results will promote good governance and provide fact based information to decision makers and government.
Housing Of Dairy Animals Under Indian Conditions

India is a subtropical country, wherein the climate is of variable type. A shelter is required both in summer as well as in winter to counter the various vagaries of adverse climate and to provide a comfortable environment to the animals. The principle functions of any system of housing for dairy cattle are: (1) Provision of health sustaining and comfortable environment to different categories of dairy cattle for ideal productivity, health and longevity (2) Provision of desirable working conditions for labour and supervisory staff on the farm (3) Integration of housing with feeding, watering, milking and manure handling systems.
Turbulent channel flow near maximum drag reduction: simulations, experiments and mechanisms

It is well known that the drag in a turbulent flow of a polymer solution is significantly reduced compared to Newtonian flow. Here we consider this phenomenon by means of a direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow. The polymers are modelled as elastic dumbbells using the FENE-P model. In the computations the polymer model is solved simultaneously with the flow equations, i.e. the polymers are deformed by the flow and in their turn influence the flow structures by exerting a polymer stress. We have studied the results of varying the polymer parameters, such as the maximum extension, the elasticity and the concentration. For the case of highly extensible polymers the results of our simulations are very close to the maximum drag reduction or Virk (1975) asymptote. Our simulation results show that at approximately maximum drag reduction the slope of the mean velocity profile is increased compared to the standard logarithmic profile in turbulent wall flows. For the r.m.s. of the streamwise velocity fluctuations we find initially an increase in magnitude which near maximum drag reduction changes to a decrease. For the velocity fluctuations in the spanwise and wall-normal directions we find a continuous decrease as a function of drag reduction. The Reynolds shear stress is strongly reduced, especially near the wall, and this is compensated by a polymer stress, which at maximum drag reduction amounts to about 40% of the total stress. These results have been compared with LDV experiments of Ptasinski et al. (2001) and the agreement, both qualitatively and quantitatively, is in most cases very good. In addition we have performed an analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy budgets. The main result is a reduction of energy transfer from the streamwise direction, where the production of turbulent kinetic energy takes place, to the other directions. A substantial part of the energy production by the mean flow is transferred directly into elastic energy of the polymers. The turbulent velocity fluctuations also contribute energy to the polymers. The elastic energy of the polymers is subsequently dissipated by polymer relaxation. We have also computed the various contributions to the pressure fluctuations and identified how these change as a function of drag reduction. Finally, we discuss some cross-correlations and various length scales. These simulation results are explained here by two mechanisms. First, as suggested by Lumley (1969) the polymers damp the cross-stream or wall-normal velocity fluctuations and suppress the bursting in the buffer layer. Secondly, the ‘shear sheltering’ mechanism acts to amplify the streamwise fluctuations in the thickened buffer layer, while reducing and decoupling the motions within and above this layer. The expression for the substantial reduction in the wall drag derived by considering the long time scales of the nonlinear fluctuations of this damped shear layer, is shown to be consistent with the experimental data of Virk et al. (1967) and Virk (1975).
In vivo staining and retardation of tumors in mice

I n earlier investigations (1946, 1 and Z), it was found that certain dyestuffs of the xantliene, acridiiie aiid oxaziiie series stained and retarded tumor growth in mice. Since that time we have continued testing available dyestuffs aiid have found others among the triphenylmetliane, xanthene, acridine, mono-azo (azine) , oxazine, thiazine and anthraquinone series that stain and retard tumor growth when fed to tumor-bearing mice. The results of these iiivestigations aiid the structural features which these dyes have in common are described in the present communication.
Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise in Nigerian hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac outcomes in hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVE This study is designed to assess the cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise among Nigerian hypertensives with echocardiographically proven LVH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty hypertensive patients with LVH (27 males and 23 females) between 30 and 65 years of age were studied in Nigeria. 50 hypertensive patients without LVH and 50 normal subjects who were age and sex matched served as controls. All patients and control subjects underwent M-mode, 2-D and Doppler ECHO-studies and the Bruce protocol treadmill exercise test. RESULTS The study showed that the estimated maximal oxygen consumption (MVO2) in MET reduced progressively from 8.39 ± 1.26 (normotensive control) to 7.62 ± 1.33 (hypertensive without LVH), 6.27 ± 0.99 (hypertensive with LVH) (P<0.0001ANOVA). The duration of exercise (s) was also reduced in that order from 455.4 ± 79.1 to 411.6 ±8 2.3, 315.8 ± 75.6 respectively (P<0.0001). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pressure rate product (PRP) during maximal exercise were also increased in hypertensives with LVH and hypertensive without LVH when compared to normotensive controls. The hypertensives with LVH and hypertensives without LVH also showed significant limitation to heart rate increase with exercise compared to normotensive controls (P<0.003). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated significant impairment of exercise capacity in hypertensives with or without LVH compared to normotensive subjects. Both earlier recognition and improved understanding of LVH may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies for this cardiovascular risk factor.
Startup and long-term performance of biotrickling filters packed with polyurethane foam and poplar wood chips treating a mixture of ethylmercaptan, H2S, and NH3

Treatment of a mixture of NH3, H2S, and ethylmercaptan (EM) was investigated for more than 15 months in two biotrickling filters packed with poplar wood chips and polyurethane foam. Inlet loads ranging from 5 to 10 g N-NH3 m−3 hr−1, from 5 to 16 g S-H2S m−3 hr−1, and from 0 to 5 g EM m−3 hr−1 were applied. During startup, the biotrickling filter packed with polyurethane foam was re-inoculated due to reduced biomass retention as well as a stronger effect of nitrogen compounds inhibition compared with the biotrickling filter packed with poplar wood. Accurate pH control between 7 and 7.5 favored pollutants abatement. In the long run, complete NH3 removal in the gas phase was achieved in both reactors, while H2S removal efficiencies exceeded 90%. EM abatement was significantly different in both reactors. A systematically lower elimination capacity was found in the polyurethane foam bioreactor. N fractions in the liquid phase proved that high nitrification rates were reached throughout steady-state operation in both bioreactors. CO2 production showed the extent of the organic packing material degradation, which allowed estimating its service lifetime in around 2 years. In the long run, the bioreactor packed with the organic packing material had a lower stability. However, an economic analysis indicated that poplar wood chips are a competitive alternative to inorganic packing materials in biotrickling filters. Implications: We provide new insights in the use of organic packing materials in biotrickling filters for the treatment of H2S, NH3, and mercaptans and compare them with polyurethane foam, a packing commonly used in biotrickling filters. We found interesting features related with the startup of the reactors and parameterized both the performance under steady-state conditions and the influence of the gas contact time. We provide relevant conclusions in the profitability of organic packing materials under a biotrickling filter configuration, which is infrequent but proven reliable from our research results. The report is useful to designers and users of this technology.
A Reference Model for Retail Enterprise

In order to provide a structural framework for information systems that serves as a basis for understanding the organizational structure and the information systems of the retail sector, we present an architecture, the “retail-H,” that outlines the various facets of trade information systems. The framework encompasses two further criteria, the types of businesses and the differentiation of goods. This architecture and its graphical representation aim at enhancing the orientation within the heap of information models applied in the retail sector. These information models are crucial for the management of information systems and organizational processes. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This paper appears in the publication, Reference Modeling for Business Systems Analysis edited by P. Fettke; P.Loos © 2007, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB13706 A Reference Model for Retail Enterprises 8 Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Retailing: A Multifarious.Field. for.Reference. Modeling Over the years, the percentage of service industries has continuously increased with respect to manufacturing industries and, therefore, the development of a reference model for retail enterprises has become more important in order to enhance the efficient use of information systems for this sector. When looking for the significant trends in trading with consumer goods, the trend to size may well initially predominate. On the one hand, mergers and acquisitions of other companies mean that the retailing companies themselves become ever larger—the growth of the German Metro, for example, is primarily based on acquisitions, but also mergers and mutual purchases of large department stores show this. On the other hand, sales areas are also growing. Large self-service department stores are being built on greenfield sites; specialized shops, such as do-it-yourself centers (e.g., Home Depot), are being established successfully, and department stores are also striving to expand their size. Retailing chains are increasingly supplanting independent retailers. The trend toward shopping centers, which has long been established in the USA, is also coming to Europe. One of the largest centers in the USA is the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota. The Mall of America, which was opened Figure 1. Characteristic forms of retailers Characteristic Characteristic form
The distribution of lymph nodes and their nutrient vessels in the groin region: An anatomic study for design of the lymph node flap

The groin lymph node flap transfer has been used for treatment of extremity lymphedema. The design of this flap is based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery/vein (SCIA/V), or superficial inferior epigastric artery/vein (SIEA/V). The purpose of this study is to delineate the distribution of lymph nodes in the groin area and their relationship to inguinal vessels by the use of multidirector‐row CT angiography (MDCTA).
Nonlinear Model-Predictive Control for Industrial Processes: An Application to Wastewater Treatment Process

Because of their complex behavior, wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs) are very difficult to control. In this paper, the design and implementation of a nonlinear model-predictive control (NMPC) system are discussed. The proposed NMPC comprises a self-organizing radial basis function neural network (SORBFNN) identifier and a multiobjective optimization method. The SORBFNN with concurrent structure and parameter learning is developed as a model identifier for approximating the online states of dynamic systems. Then, the solution of the multiobjective optimization is obtained by a gradient method which can shorten the solution time of optimal control problems. Moreover, the conditions for the stability analysis of NMPC are presented. Experiments reveal that the proposed control technique gives satisfactory tracking and disturbance rejection performance for WWTPs. Experimental results on a real WWTP show the efficacy of the proposed NMPC for industrial processes in many applications.
Intricate effects of primary motor neuronopathy on contractile proteins and metabolic muscle enzymes as revealed by label-free mass spectrometry

While the long-term physiological adaptation of the neuromuscular system to changed functional demands is usually reflected by unilateral skeletal muscle transitions, the progressive degeneration of distinct motor neuron populations is often associated with more complex changes in the abundance and/or isoform expression pattern of contractile proteins and metabolic enzymes. In order to evaluate these intricate effects of primary motor neuronopathy on the skeletal muscle proteome, label-free MS was employed to study global alterations in the WR (wobbler) mouse model of progressive neurodegeneration. In motor neuron disease, fibre-type specification and the metabolic weighting of bioenergetic pathways appear to be strongly influenced by both a differing degree of a subtype-specific vulnerability of neuromuscular synapses and compensatory mechanisms of fibre-type shifting. Proteomic profiling confirmed this pathobiochemical complexity of disease-induced changes and showed distinct alterations in 72 protein species, including a variety of fibre-type-specific isoforms of contractile proteins, metabolic enzymes, metabolite transporters and ion-regulatory proteins, as well as changes in molecular chaperones and various structural proteins. Increases in slow myosin light chains and the troponin complex and a decrease in fast MBP (myosin-binding protein) probably reflect the initial preferential loss of the fast type of neuromuscular synapses in motor neuron disease.