Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between pain and major depressive disorder in terms of depressive symptoms

Objective: Pain or painful physical complaints may be the sole complaint for admission to health care units in most of the major depression disorder (MDD) patients. In this study it is aimed to investigate the association between pain and depressive symptoms in depressed patients. Methods: A hundred patients, between 18-65 years of age and diagnosed with MDD according to DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criterion, who admitted to the outpatient clinic of Psychiatry department were enrolled to the study. Patients with accompanying axis I or axis II disorders according to DSM-IV-TR, patients with alcohol or substance abuse and patients whose pain complaints are attributable to an existing organic illness are excluded. Sociodemographic data form, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) which measures depression and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were applied to all patients who were enrolled to the study. Results: The mean age of the patients were 37.2±11.3 years, mean number of MDD episodes were 1.9±1.12, duration of the recent episode were 7.2±5.6 months and mean score of HDRS were 21.8±4.2. 47% of the patients had pain complaint. Duration of the painful complaints were 28.7±34.4 months, mean score of VAS was 55.8. The most painful complaint was headache. Mean number of painful complaint localization was 1.6±0.9. The painful complaints were found to be associated with more severe depression. Discussion: It is clear that there is an association between MDD and pain. It is also known that the course of depression is poorer in MDD patients with painful complaints. Thus, for clinical practice, painful complaints should be questioned in details and treatment options should arranged in this regard for better outcome in the treatment of MDD.
SOME PROBLEMS OF DOSE VARIATION IN THE USE OF TRANQUILIZING DRUGS

Early published studies of the use of tranquilizers revealed wide variations in the methods of studying the clinical effectiveness of these drugs. Some studies omitted dosages used in arriving at conclusions regarding drug action. Others included dosage schedules but did not establish clearly the criteria on which these dosages were based. Generally the overall approach in these investigations was empirical. Currently, suggested dosage ranges of chlorpromazine, reserpine and meprobamate show a greater consistency than in the past. Three cases are presented to demonstrate some of the clinical problems encountered in the administration of these drugs. They emphasize the necessity of focusing on dose range-clinical response relationships in future investigations. The design of a small pilot study is presented. It is considered that this type of study offers the best opportunity to gain valuable information about dosage and drug effect when carefully and systematically performed.
Profile of yeasts isolated from urinary tracts of catheterized patients.

PURPOSE Nosocomial fungal infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital patients. Urinary catheters have been held responsible to cause a large number of hospital acquired Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of nosocomial Candiduria associated with in dwelling urinary catheters, to characterize the species and assess their resistance to antifungal agents. MATERIALS & METHODS Urine specimens from 510 catheterized patients were inoculated on Sabauraud Dextrose Agar; the species identification of Candida isolates was done by biochemical tests and antifungal susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method. RESULTS Candida was isolated in 112 (21.96%) specimens. Of these, Candida albicans was commonly isolated in 50.89% followed by C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondi and C. pseudotropicalis. Fluconazole resistance was encountered in some isolates. All C. glabrata and C. krusei were uniformly resistant to fluconazole and 8 of 16 C. tropicalis were also resistant to it. But only 7 of 57 isolates of C. albicans were resistant to it. Resistance to Nystatin was seen in 34 isolates. Similarly, emergence of resistance was also seen to Ketoconazole and Itraconazole in 24 of 112 isolates. Amphoterecin B resistance was exhibited by 3 C. albicans, 2 C. tropicalis, 1 C. glabrata and 1 C. krusei strain. C. albicans is an important nosocomial pathogen causing UTI in catheterized patients, nevertheless role of other species of Candida as emergent pathogens and resistance to antifungal drugs needs to be emphasized.
Comparison of Stresses Around Dental Implants Placed in Normal and Fibula Reconstructed Mandibular Models using Finite Element Analysis.

PURPOSE This study was formulated to evaluate and compare stresses around endosseous implants in various normal and fibula reconstructed mandibular models using finite element analysis method. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT scan data of a completely edentulous patient and a fibula reconstructed patient was made and the Dicom images were used to design 3-D mandibular models using software. Based on the information from the scan data, various types of reconstructed FEA models were made. Implants (fixtures) and superstructures were then embedded in each model and Von Mises stress around the neck of each implant under a vertical loading of 200 N and Horizontal load of 50 N was calculated using finite element structural analysis software. The results were compared between the reconstructed mandible and their respective normal mandible. RESULTS Higher stress values were obtained for all the reconstructed types under horizontal loading and in reconstructed models involving larger area of reconstruction the stress were more. In the models involving smaller area of reconstruction like symphysis alone or body alone there is no significant change in the stress values on vertical loading. CONCLUSION Stresses were comparatively smaller in mandibles involving a smaller area of reconstruction. Hence, fixed prosthesis could be advised and a bar retained over denture for reconstruction for larger area of reconstruction.
Tradução, validação e adaptação cultural da escala de atividade de vida diária

OBJECTIVES: To perform the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the "Knee Outcome Survey - Activities of Daily Living Scale" (ADLS) into Portuguese, as well as to check its measurement, reproducibility and validity properties in order to make it useful as a specific instrument for evaluating symptoms in Brazilian patients with knee injuries during their daily living activities. METHODS: Two interviews were performed; in the first interview, the questionnaire was applied along with Lysholm's, SF-36 and VAS (investigator 1). Approximately 30 minutes after the first interview, the same patients answered only the ADLS (investigator 2). After a break of 7 to 10 days, a third additional interview with the ADLS was applied (investigator 2). RESULTS: The sample was constituted of 53 subjects, with mean age of 33.0566 years, with the most frequent pathology being ligamentar injury (56.6%). The Spearman's index used for inter-investigator reproducibility was 0.986 (a=0.05, r<0.01), and for intra-investigator reproducibility was 0.980 (a=0.05, r<0.01). Conclusion: The Portuguese language version of ADLS questionnaire is a useful instrument for assessing daily living activities of Brazilian patients with knee injuries.
Delivering electronic prescribing and medicines administration in challenging areas such as paediatrics and maternity at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

Phase two of the project was a great success. The paediatric units have commented on the clarity and ease of medication rounds. Doctors like the fact that they have commonly prescribed medications with pre-populated doses and frequencies; they have also commented on the fact that discharge documentation is electronically sent to general practice, which really highlights the benefi t with transfer of care between primary and secondary care. The neonatal ICU (NICU) decided to revert back to paper because they felt that the functionality of the current system being utilised at King’s did not offer them exactly what they needed on a daily basis. The EPMA team are looking into developing the suggestions made by NICU, with a hope that they will attempt another go-live. Currently, King’s has 92% of all inpatient locations live with EPMA. The biggest lesson to learn is that there is fear associated with EPMA in paediatric areas, perhaps because of the delicate nature of the patient cohort. However, a well-designed project and constant engagement really allow for a smooth transition from paper to electronic. It is staggering to think that EPMA is the now regarded as essential for normal daily functional status at King’s.
Bapedi phytomedicine and their use in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Thirty four traditional healers from 17 municipalities, covering three districts of the Limpopo Province, were interviewed during the first half of 2011. Fourty seven plant species belonging to 32 families, mostly from the Asteraceae (9%), Asphodelaceae, Fabaceae and Hyacinthaceae (6% for each) were used to treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhoea, HIV/AIDS, nta (unspecified verneral disease - Bapedi terminology) and syphilis. Eighty seven percent of the species were used to treat a single STI, with the remainder being used to treat two STIs. Double-used species include: Aloe marlothii (gonorrhoea and chlamydia), Callilepis salicifolia (gonorrhoea and HIV/AIDS), Cucumis myriocarpus (gonorrhoea and syphilis), Drimia elata (gonorrhoea and HIV/AIDS), Hypoxis hemerocallidea (gonorrhoea and HIV/AIDS) and Ziziphus mucronata (gonorrhoea and nta). Diagnosis of STIs by Bapedi traditional healers is based primarily on the presentation of symptoms and certain behavioural traits, which are not always accurate indicators. The present study concludes that Bapedi traditional healers’ knowledge can lead to useful medicinal plants to manage and treat STIs. Furthermore, given the necessary health information and support, these healers could play an important role in the management and treatment of STIs in the Limpopo Province.
Gel Pad Application for Automated Breast Sonography

The purpose of this study was to describe the technical aspects of gel pad application for automated breast sonography and to show its effects on pain relief, scan coverage, and image quality. Twenty patients underwent 2 sets of automated breast sonography with and without gel pad application and were then asked to provide feedback on the examination‐related pain. Scan coverage and image quality were compared quantitatively and qualitatively. The degree of pain was significantly decreased after gel pad application (P < .0001). The scan coverage was expanded particularly at the mid‐portion of the breast. Image quality was satisfactory without significant differences between the sets. Gel pad application for automated breast sonography is easy and provides significant pain relief. The scan coverage was expanded, while the image quality was maintained.
Children’s selection of fruit and vegetables in a ‘dream versus healthy’ lunch-box survey

Background: Internationally, it is well established that the behaviour, performance, and achievement of schoolchildren is directly linked to the nutritional status of overall diet – including the contents of their school lunch-boxes. In a previous survey study by the lead authors, primary school children’s food consumption behaviour was investigated. Results indicated that most children’s lunch-boxes contained an over-representation of ‘undesirable’ food groups and an under-representation of fruit and vegetables. This follow-up study examined children’s awareness of healthy food choices and investigated what food groups children would choose if given free choice when constructing a lunch-box. Methods: The data was obtained by surveying 1,184 primary school children from eight different urban primary schools in the Manawatu Region of New Zealand. Food items included in this survey represented the 40 most common foods from the previous study. A series of accompanying food charts were used in combination with the checklists. From these lists the children were asked to construct a hypothetical ideal ‘dream’ lunch-box and a ‘healthy’ lunch-box. Results: Results indicated a significant difference between the fruit and vegetable content between lunch-boxes, demonstrating that children understood fruit and vegetables are healthy – but that they did not necessarily translate this knowledge into action. Conclusion: The influences on children’s choices in fruit and vegetables are as complex as the barriers to them eating. This study offers unique insight into the knowledge and behaviours of schoolchildren when selecting and consuming fruit and vegetables – especially given a degree of autonomy and choice.
Management of common tumors of the conjunctiva

Tumors of the conjunctiva are typically classified as congenital or acquired and as malignant, pre-malignant or benign. The acquired lesions are usually subdivided further according to the predominant cell type. Of the acquired lesions, epithelial (of which the majority are squamous cell), melanocytic, vascular and lymphoid tumors are the most common. It is important to understand the defining features of each of these subtypes. Prompt and appropriate treatment of pre-malignant and malignant disease is paramount with referral to specialist centers when necessary. Treatment has followed a trend from surgical to medical management in recent times.
Breastfeeding, birth intervals and child survival: Analysis of the 1997 community and family survey data in southern Ethiopia

Abstract Background: This paper uses the 1997 community and family survey data to primarily address the question of whether or not short birth intervals are a problem in a population that typically breastfeeds for more than two years. Objective: To investigate the strength of the effect of birth interval on child survival in the context of communities, that are characterized by high fertility, prolonged breast-feeding and poor living conditions. Method: Anthropometry of children and recent morbidity of children are examined in addition to child survival data for children born in the six years before the survey. Results: The results show that short birth intervals are not crucial problems in populations that typically breastfeed for more than two years. Nonetheless, it was clear from the analysis that short birth intervals are associated with increased mortality rates in the ages 1-12 months, and to a much lesser extent at ages 1-4 years. Conclusion: Population policies need to have components that encourage mothers to prolong birth intervals. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2002;16(1):41-51]
Plan repair driven by model-based agent diagnosis

Repairing a plan executed in a partially observable environment is a challenging task; especially when the plan to be repaired is part of a Multiagent Plan (MAP), and hence the synchronization among the agents further constrains the repair process. The paper formalizes a local plan repair strategy, where each agent in a MAP is responsible for controlling (monitoring and diagnosing) the actions it executes, and for autonomously repairing its own plan whenever an action failure is detected. The paper also describes how to mitigate the impact of an action failure on the plans of other agents when the local recovery strategy fails.
Efficacy of Short-Term Inpatient Rehabilitation for Dementia Patients and Caregivers: Prospective Cohort Study

Background/Aims: The efficacy of nonpharmacological and multicomponent treatments in patients with dementia is under discussion, as is the ongoing debate which endpoints best measure efficacy. Methods: 194 dyads of dementia patients and their proxies interested in a combined short-term inpatient rehabilitative treatment were assessed in the patients' homes. Results: Analysis showed that cognition in male patients (cognitive part of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale: p = 0.048) and depressive mood in female patients were improved after treatment at the 3-month follow-up (Geriatric Depression Scale: p = 0.030). Moreover, the burden on male caregivers was reduced (behavioral pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale: p = 0.002) at 3 months. Conclusion: Combined short-term rehabilitative treatment of patients and psychosocial intervention for caregivers is modestly effective in patients with dementia and their caregivers, but may be subject to gender-specific effects.
Quantitative analysis of multiparametric prostate MR images: differentiation between prostate cancer and normal tissue and correlation with Gleason score--a computer-aided diagnosis development study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the potential utility of a number of parameters obtained at T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast material-enhanced multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of prostate cancer and assessment of cancer aggressiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant study, multiparametric MR images were acquired with an endorectal coil in 48 patients with prostate cancer (median age, 62.5 years; age range, 44-73 years) who subsequently underwent prostatectomy. A radiologist and a pathologist identified 104 regions of interest (ROIs) (61 cancer ROIs, 43 normal ROIs) based on correlation of histologic and MR findings. The 10th percentile and average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, T2-weighted signal intensity histogram skewness, and Tofts K(trans) were analyzed, both individually and combined, via linear discriminant analysis, with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with area under the curve (AUC) as figure of merit, to distinguish cancer foci from normal foci. Spearman rank-order correlation (ρ) was calculated between cancer foci Gleason score (GS) and image features. RESULTS AUC (maximum likelihood estimate ± standard error) values in the differentiation of prostate cancer from normal foci of 10th percentile ADC, average ADC, T2-weighted skewness, and K(trans) were 0.92 ± 0.03, 0.89 ± 0.03, 0.86 ± 0.04, and 0.69 ± 0.04, respectively. The combination of 10th percentile ADC, average ADC, and T2-weighted skewness yielded an AUC value for the same task of 0.95 ± 0.02. GS correlated moderately with 10th percentile ADC (ρ = -0.34, P = .008), average ADC (ρ = -0.30, P = .02), and K(trans) (ρ = 0.38, P = .004). CONCLUSION The combination of 10th percentile ADC, average ADC, and T2-weighted skewness with CAD is promising in the differentiation of prostate cancer from normal tissue. ADC image features and K(trans) moderately correlate with GS.
Mapping the upper mantle: Three‐dimensional modeling of earth structure by inversion of seismic waveforms

A method is presented for the inversion of waveform data for the three-dimensional distribution of seismic wave velocities. The method is applied to data from the global digital networks (International Deployment of Accelerometers, Global Digital Seismograph Network); the selected data set consists of some 2000 seismograms corresponding to 53 events and 870 paths. The moment tensors of the earthquakes are determined through an iterative procedure which minimizes the corrupting influence of lateral heterogeneity. A global model is constructed for shear wave velocity, expanded up to degree and order 8 in spherical harmonics, and described by a cubic polynomial in depth for the upper 670 km of the earth's mantle. Although no a priori information is incorporated, the model predictions reproduce much of what is known about the dispersion of mantle waves, for example, high phase velocities for shields, low velocities at ridges, and a strong degree 2 pattern for Rayleigh waves. Since the method makes use of complete waveforms, overtone data are also included. It is shown that the model is reproducible in that substantially the same model can be constructed from each half of the total data set considered independently. The model shows that shields and ridges are major features in the depth interval 25–250 km. The ridges of the southern Pacific and the larger shields persist to 350 km, but the SouthEast Indian Rise is underlain by a high-velocity anomaly at this depth, as is much of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. At 450–650 km the major features are a broad region of high velocities incorporating South America, much of the South Atlantic and parts of West Africa, a broad region of low velocities in the central and eastern Pacific, high velocities in the western Pacific, and a low-velocity anomaly beneath the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. In the absence of a crustal correction, degrees 2 and 3 show a high positive correlation with the geoid; paradoxically, this is largely destroyed when the distribution in crustal thickness is taken into account. Spherical harmonic degrees 4–7 show a significant negative correlation.
¿Es la enfermedad periodontal un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares? (I): Etiopatogenia y ensayos clínicos

The purpose of the next two papers is to analyze the differents studies in the literature about the association between periodontal disease (PD)and cardiovascular disease (CVD)with the objetive of answer, from the evidence, the question of if the PD can be a factor which increase the probability of apparition of atherosclerosis. The conclusion of this paper is that the PD may be a risk factor for CVDbut yet is necessary more studies to conclude a causal evidence.
Is Fibromyalgia a Central Pain State?

SUMMARY Objective: To review the literature concerning pain mechanisms in fibromyalgia [FMS]. Findings and Conclusions: Thirteen investigations using different methods, comprising 250 patients with FMS, confirm a biological dysfunction of the nociceptive system, especially in the central nervous system in the majority of patients with FMS. The hyperexcitability in the nociceptive nervous system may have different causes in the individual patient. Localized long-standing muscle pain, chronic stress, genetic factors, and hormonal changes may all play a role. Pain generators in the muscle may not be specific for FMS but may be of importance for initiating and maintaining pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia.
Visual Specializations in Five Sympatric Species of Stingrays from the Family Dasyatidae

The eyes of five ray species (Taeniura lymma, Neotrygon kuhlii, Pastinachus atrus, Himantura uarnak and Urogymnus asperrimus) from the same taxonomic family (Dasyatidae) and the same geographic region (Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia) were studied to identify differences in retinal specializations that may reflect niche specialization. The topographic distributions of photoreceptors (rods and all cones) and ganglion cells were assessed and used to identify localized peaks in cell densities that indicate specializations for acute vision. These data were also used to calculate summation ratios of photoreceptors to ganglion cells in each species and estimate the anatomical spatial resolving power of the eye. Subtle differences in the distribution of retinal neurons appear to be related to the ecology of these closely related species of stingrays. The main specialization in the retinal cell density distribution is the dorsal streak that allows these animals to scan the substrate for potential prey. The blue-spotted fantail ray, T. lymma, showed the highest peak density of rods (86,700 rods mm-2) suggesting a specialization for scotopic vision. The highest peak density of cones (9,970 cones mm-2) was found in H. uarnak, and the highest peak density of ganglion cells (4,500 cells mm-2) was found in P. atrus. The proportion of rods to cones in the dorsal streak was higher in the two smaller species (12.5-14:1 in T. lymma and N. kuhlii) than the larger stingrays (6-8:1 in P. atrus, H. uarnak and U. asperrimus). Visual specializations in different sympatric species are subtle but may reflect specializations to specific ecological niches.