Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automating Papanicolaou Test Using Deep Convolutional Activation Feature

Cervical cancer is the women's fourth most common cancer worldwide, with 266,000 deaths in a year. Cervical cancer can be diagnosed by the Papanicolaou test. In this test, a cytopathologist observes a microscopic image of the cervix cells and decides whether the patient is abnormal or not. According to research, the accuracy of the cervical cytology is reported as 89.7%. Because it is associated with the patient's life, it is important to improve the accuracy of this test. Many systems have been proposed to help judge experts to improve the accuracy of tests in the medical field, but development has been limited to areas where there are cleanly quantified test data. In this paper, we design and train a model to automatically classify the normal/abnormal state of cervical cells from microscopic images by using a convolutional neural network and several machine learning classifiers. As a result, the support vector machine achieves the highest performance with 78% F1 score.
Informational Externalities and Convergence of Behavior

The dissemination of private information, or knowledge, in a population has attracted much interest, first among sociologists and geographers (see references in Chamley (2004)), and more recently among economists and computer scientists. A question that has attracted a lot of attention is whether as time passes, information spreads through the entire population, and beliefs become more precise, consensus of some sort eventually arises. Within economics, this work has developed independently in different directions, and several strands of literature can be recast under that heading. In the literature on getting to common knowledge, agents are endowed with private information over the underlying state of the world, and exchange information according to some communication protocol. This main purpose of this literature, starting with Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis (1982), is to
T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma (TCRBCL): Limitations in fine‐needle aspiration cytodiagnosis

Exclusive reports on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytodiagnosis of T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) are scarce in literature. This report reflects the diagnostic difficulties associated with cytodiagnosis of this rare variant of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The study is based on 11 cases with age ranging from 16 to 63 years and a median of 50 years. Male to female ratio was 6:5. Ten cases presented with lymphadenopathy and one had lymphadenopathy as well as extranodal solid tumor. The initial cytodiagnosis was suggestive of TCRBCL in one case, TCRBCL/Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in three cases, TCRBCL/HL/anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in two cases, TCRBCL/ALCL in one case, and TCRBCL/non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) T‐cell/ALCL in one case. There was also a cytologically diagnosed HL case, which on review turned out to be HL/TCRBCL. Histopathological diagnosis was HL in all these nine cases. There were two histologically diagnosed TCRBCL cases during this period, with cytodiagnoses of NHL other than TCRBCL in one and HL in the other. While highlighting the difficulties associated with the cytodiagnosis of TCRBCL, this study conveys a word of caution that adequate immunocytochemical studies should be performed before diagnosing this rare neoplasm with a varied cytomorphology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased Glucose Transporter Expression Triggers BAX-dependent Apoptosis in the Murine Blastocyst*

We report that a decrease in facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT1) expression and reduced glucose transport trigger apoptosis in the murine blastocyst. Inhibition of GLUT1 expression either by high glucose conditions or with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides significantly lowers protein expression and function of GLUT1 and as a result induces a high rate of apoptosis at the blastocyst stage. Similar to wild-type mice, embryos from streptozotocin-induced diabetic Bax −/− mice experienced a significant decrease in glucose transport compared with embryos from non-diabetic Bax −/− mice. However, despite this decrease, these blastocysts demonstrate significantly fewer apoptotic nuclei as compared with blastocysts from hyperglycemic wild-type mice. This decrease in preimplantation apoptosis correlates with a decrease in resorptions and malformations among the infants of the hyperglycemicBax −/− mice versus the Bax +/+ and +/− mice. These findings suggest that hyperglycemia by decreasing glucose transport acts as a cell death signal to trigger a BAX-dependent apoptotic cascade in the murine blastocyst. This work also supports the hypothesis that increased apoptosis at a blastocyst stage because of maternal hyperglycemia may result in loss of key progenitor cells and manifest as a resorption or malformation, two adverse pregnancy outcomes more common in diabetic women.
EResearch Advances Series Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction Experimental Observations and Clinical Implications

An acute myocardial infarction, particularly one that is large and transmural, can produce alterations in the topography of both the infarcted and noninfarcted regions of the ventricle. This remodeling can importantly affect the function of the ventricle and the prognosis for survival. In the early period, infarct expansion has been recognized by echocardiography as a lengthening of the noncontractile region. The noninfarcted region also undergoes an important lengthening that is consistent with a secondary volume-overload hypertrophy and that can be progressive. The extent of ventricular enlargement after infarction is related to the magnitude of the initial damage to the myocardium and, although an increase in cavity size tends to restore stroke volume despite a persistently depressed ejection fraction, ventricular dilation has been associated with a reduction in survival. The process of ventricular enlargement can be influenced by three interdependent factors, that is, infarct size, infarct healing, and ventricular wall stresses. A most effective way to prevent or minimize the increase in ventricular size after infarction and the consequent adverse effect on prognosis is to limit the initial insult. Acute reperfusion therapy has been consistently shown to result in a reduction in ventricular volume. The reestablishment of blood flow to the infarcted region, even beyond the time frame for myocyte salvage, has beneficial effects in attenuating ventricular enlargement. The process of scarification can be interfered with during the acute infarct period by the administration of glucocorticosteroids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, which result in thinner infarcts and greater degrees of infarct expansion. Modification of distending or deforming forces can importantly influence ventricular enlargement. Even short-term augmentations in afterload have deleterious long-term effects on ventricular topography. Conversely, judicious use of nitroglycerin seems to be associated with an attenuation of infarct expansion and long-term improvement in clinical outcome. Long-term therapy with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor can favorably alter the loading conditions on the left ventricle and reduce progressive ventricular enlargement as demonstrated in both experimental and clinical studies. With the former therapy, this attenuation of ventricular enlargement was associated with a prolongation in survival. The long-term clinical consequences of long-term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy after myocardial infarction is currently being evaluated. Although studies directed at attenuating left ventricular remodeling after infarction are in the early stages, it does seem that this will be an important area in which future research might improve long-term outcome after infarction. (Circulation 1990;81:1161-1172)
rythropoietin Induces Neovascularization nd Improves Cardiac Function in Rats ith Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

Citation for published version (APA): van der Meer, P., Lipsic, E. , Henning, RH. , Boddeus, K. , van der Velden, J., Voors, AA. , van Veldhuisen, DJ. , van Gilst, WH. , & Schoemaker, RG. (2005). Erythropoietin induces neovascularization and improves cardiac function in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(1), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc. 2005.03. 044
Orientation-controlled self-assembled monolayers of zeolite nanocystals on glass with 4-diisocyanates as covalent linkers

High-quality TMA-A zeolite nonocrystals were synthesized using a hydrothermal method from a Al(i-pro)3 : 2.2 TEOS : 2.4 TMAOH : 0.3 NaOH : 200H2O composition. The average size of the zeolite crystal used was 60-130 nm with a lattice constant of 12.389 Å. The well-oriented self-assembled monolayers of zeolite with a face parallel to the glass surface treated with the 4-diisocyanates (DIC-4) showed only planes of the form of {h 0 0} by covalent linkages. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the self-assembled monolayers of synthesized zeolite crystals.
What does the aromatic ring number mean for drug design?

Introduction: During the last decade, there has been an increased focus on understanding the factors that influence the chance of success of a drug molecule in development. Recent publications have highlighted that the aromatic ring count of a drug molecule also has an influence on its developability profile. Areas covered: This article reviews both the positive and negative consequences of including aromatic rings in drug molecules based on the recent literature and presents a thorough review of recent publications describing the influence of aromatic ring count on compound developability. These conclusions are analysed alongside their implications for the medicinal chemist. The authors also highlight the limitations of recent analyses; this includes a particular emphasis on the restricted diversity of the compound collections used. Expert opinion: Modern medicinal chemists work in a very restricted area of the available drug-like chemical space, although there is evidence that safe compounds can be identified outside of conventional drug-like chemical space. It is true that current evidence implies that drug molecules with > 3 aromatic rings in are undesirable and that heteroaromatics perform better than carboaromatic overall. However, the analyses performed so far have only used compounds designed for oral administration, which were provided from pharmaceutical companies’ collections, and were therefore limited in diversity.
Donepezil across the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease: dose optimization and clinical relevance

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, and its incidence is increasing in line with population aging. The primary feature of AD is progressive cognitive decline, and severe AD is characterized by reduced communication skills and mobility. However, successful treatment can substantially improve quality of life. Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for use across the full spectrum of mild, moderate, and severe AD. Donepezil has been available at doses of 5 or 10 mg once daily for more than a decade and, more recently, a single high once‐daily sustained‐release 23‐mg dose has been approved for treatment of patients with moderate to severe AD. The rationale for the higher dose formulation was the expected increase in acetylcholinesterase inhibition given the dose–response relationship of donepezil, with the benefits of the higher dose being most apparent in patients with more advanced AD. Donepezil 5 and 10 mg/day have been well studied in mild‐to‐moderate AD, and a clinical trial has confirmed the benefits of donepezil 23 mg/day in patients with moderate to severe AD, particularly for language and visuospatial ability. This review presents an overview of the evidence for donepezil across the spectrum of AD, with a focus on dose optimization for disease progression.
Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for children and adolescents: assessing the evidence.

OBJECTIVE Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a conjoint parent-child treatment developed by Cohen, Mannarino, and Deblinger that uses cognitive-behavioral principles and exposure techniques to prevent and treat posttraumatic stress, depression, and behavioral problems. This review defined TF-CBT, differentiated it from other models, and assessed the evidence base. METHODS Authors reviewed meta-analyses, reviews, and individual studies (1995 to 2013). Databases surveyed were PubMed, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, PILOTS, the ERIC, and the CINAHL. They chose from three levels of research evidence (high, moderate, and low) on the basis of benchmarks for number of studies and quality of their methodology. They also described the evidence of effectiveness. RESULTS The level of evidence for TF-CBT was rated as high on the basis of ten RCTs, three of which were conducted independently (not by TF-CBT developers). TF-CBT has demonstrated positive outcomes in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, although it is less clear whether TF-CBT is effective in reducing behavior problems or symptoms of depression. Limitations of the studies include concerns about investigator bias and exclusion of vulnerable populations. CONCLUSIONS TF-CBT is a viable treatment for reducing trauma-related symptoms among some children who have experienced trauma and their nonoffending caregivers. Based on this evidence, TF-CBT should be available as a covered service in health plans. Ongoing research is needed to further identify best practices for TF-CBT in various settings and with individuals from various racial and ethnic backgrounds and with varied trauma histories, symptoms, and stages of intellectual, social, and emotional development.
A simple global resonation strategy for wideband discrete-time MASH ΣΔ modulators

A novel strategy of zero optimization in cascaded ΣΔ modulators is presented. In the proposed structure, by using just an analog inter-stage feedback path, one pair of the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is distributed over the desired bandwidth so that the in-band quantization noise is reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed modulator is verified by analytical calculations and simulation results.
How Well Does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Treat Symptoms of Complex PTSD? An Examination of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors Within A Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Are brief cognitive-behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also effective for the wider range of symptoms conceptualized as complex PTSD? Female rape victims, most of whom had extensive histories of trauma, were randomly assigned to cognitive-processing therapy, prolonged exposure, or a delayed-treatment waiting-list condition. After determining that both types of treatment were equally effective for treating complex PTSD symptoms, we divided the sample of 121 participants into two groups depending upon whether they had a history of child sexual abuse. Both groups improved significantly over the course of treatment with regard to PTSD, depression, and the symptoms of complex PTSD as measured by the Trauma Symptom Inventory. Improvements were maintained for at least 9 months. Although there were group main effects on the Self and Trauma factors, there were no differences between the two groups at posttreatment once pretreatment scores were covaried. These findings indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapies are effective for patients with complex trauma histories and symptoms patterns.
t(11;18)(q21;q21.1): A recurring translocation in lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (malt)?

A distinct subtype of extranodal malignant lymphoma derived from mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) has recently been defined. We have detected an acquired t(11;18)(q21;q21.1) in a patient with a MALT lymphoma of the stomach. This translocation has previously been described in two other patients with extranodal lymphoma. The BCL2 oncogene, which is located at band 18q21.3 and is activated by the t(14;18)(q32;q21) in follicular lymphoma, was not rearranged in this case. This newly identified t(11;18) may be a recurring translocation specifically associated with MALT lymphomas. Genes located at the breakpoint sites of chromosome 11 and/or chromosome 18 may be crucial to the pathogenesis of this type of malignant lymphoma.
Requirement of myocardinrelated myocardinrelated myocardinrelated transcription factorB factorB factorB for remodeling of branchial arch arteries and smooth muscle differentiation

Myocardin and the myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) A and B act as coactivators for serum response factor, which plays a key role in cardiovascular development. To determine the functions of MRTF-B in vivo, we generated MRTF-B mutant mice by targeted inactivation of the MRTF-B gene. We show that mice homozygous for an MRTF-B loss-of-function mutation die during mid-gestation from a spectrum of cardiovascular defects that includes abnormal patterning of the branchial arch arteries, double-outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defects, and thin-walled myocardium. These abnormalities are accompanied by a failure in differentiation of smooth muscle cells within the branchial arch arteries, which are derived from the neural crest. The phenotype of MRTF-B mutant mice is distinct from that of mice lacking myocardin, revealing unique roles for these serum response factor coactivators in the development of different subsets of smooth muscle cells in vivo.
Structure and function of long‐lived olfactory organotypic cultures from postnatal mice

The first synapse in the olfactory pathway mediates a significant transfer of information given the restricted association of specific olfactory receptor neurons with specific glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. To understand better how this connection is made and what the functional capacities of the participating cells are, we created a long‐lived culture system composed of olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb tissues. Using the roller tube method of culturing, we grew epithelium‐bulb cocultures, explanted from 1–4‐day‐old Swiss Webster mice, on Aclar for periods ranging from 18 hr to 68 days. The explants flattened so that in some areas the culture was only a few cells thick, making individual cells distinguishable. From 107 cultures studied, we identified the following cell types by expression of specific markers (oldest culture expressing marker, days in vitro, DIV): olfactory receptor neurons (neural cell adhesion molecule, 42 DIV); mature receptor neurons (olfactory marker protein, 28 DIV); postmitotic olfactory receptor neurons and olfactory bulb neurons (β‐tubulin, 68 DIV); astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamate/aspartate transporter, 68 DIV); olfactory horizontal basal cells (cytokeratin, 22 DIV). Neuronal processes formed glomeruli in 2–4‐week‐old cultures. We also recorded electro‐olfactography responses to puffs of vapor collected over an odorant mixture containing ethyl butyrate, eugenol, (+) carvone, and (−) carvone from cultures as old as 21 DIV. These features of our olfactory culture system make this model useful for studying properties of immature and mature olfactory receptor neurons, pathfinding strategies of receptor axons, and mechanisms of information transfer in the olfactory glomerulus. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Charge Transport: Long-Range Tunneling Processes across Ferritin-Based Junctions (Adv. Mater. 9/2016).

On page 1824, C. A. Nijhuis and co-workers report the mechanism of long-range (ca. 12 nm) electron transport in ferritin-based tunnel junctions. The mechanism of charge transport switches between coherent tunneling, sequential tunneling, and hopping by iron content inside the ferritin core. This study helps to improve our understanding electron transport in biological systems. Image credit: Harshini V. Annadata.
Obesity and the Gut Microbiota

Gut microorganisms have the potential to influence weight gain and fat deposition through a variety of mechanisms. One factor is the ability of microorganisms in the large intestine to release energy by fermenting otherwise indigestible components of the diet (“energy harvest”). This energy becomes available to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids. Energy recovery from fiber will be largely determined by dietary intake and gut transit, but can also depend on the makeup of the gut microbiota. The species composition of the gut microbiota changes with diet composition, as has been shown in studies with obese individuals after reduced carbohydrate weight loss diets, or diets containing different nondigestible carbohydrates. There is conflicting evidence, however, on the extent to which gut microbiota composition differs between obese and nonobese humans. In contrast, there is increasing evidence to suggest that gut microorganisms and their metabolic products can influence gut hormones, inflammation, and gut motility. Any changes in gut microbiota composition that influence energy expenditure, satiety, and food intake have the potential to alter weight gain and weight loss, but a better understanding of the impact of different members of the gut microbial community upon host physiology is needed to establish these relationships.
Clinical Applications of Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging Using (R)-[11C]-Verapamil with Cyclosporin A: Preliminary Results on a Surrogate Marker of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The development of resistance to antiepileptic drugs is explained well by the transporter hypothesis, which suggests that drug resistance is caused by inadequate penetration of drugs into the brain barrier as a result of increased levels of efflux transporter such as p-glycoprotein. To evaluate the brain expression of p-glycoprotein in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, including neocortical epilepsy, we developed a noninvsive quantitative analysis including asymmetry indices based on (R)-[11C]-verapamil PET/MR imaging with cyclosporin A, a p-glycoprotein inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, 5 patients with drug-sensitive epilepsy, and 8 healthy controls underwent dynamic (R)-[11C]-verapamil PET/MR imaging with an intravenous infusion of cyclosporin A. Asymmetry indices [(Right Region − Left Region)/(Right Region + Left Region) × 200%] of the standard uptake values in each of the paired lobes were calculated. RESULTS: All patients with drug-resistant epilepsy had significantly different asymmetry from the healthy controls, whereas all patients with drug-sensitive epilepsy had asymmetry similar to that in healthy controls. In the temporal lobe, the asymmetry indices of patients with left temporal lobe drug-resistant epilepsy were more positive than those of healthy controls (healthy controls: 4.0413 ± 1.7452; patients: 7.2184 ± 1.8237; P = .048), and those of patients with right temporal drug-resistant epilepsy were more negative (patients: −1.6496 ± 3.4136; P = .044). In addition, specific regions that had significant asymmetry were different between the lateral and medial temporal lobe epilepsy groups. In the frontal lobe, the asymmetry index of patients with right frontal lobe drug-resistant epilepsy was more negative than that in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that statistical parametric mapping analysis by using asymmetry indices of (R)-[11C]-verapamil PET/MR imaging with cyclosporin A could be used as a surrogate marker for drug-resistant epilepsy, and this approach might be helpful for localizing or lateralizing the epileptic zone.