Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AstriFlash: An Online Flash-Based Memory Hierarchy

Modern datacenters primarily host datasets in DRAM to offer large-scale online services with tight tail latency requirements. Unfortunately, DRAM is expensive and has slowed down in density scaling, forcing datacenter operators to consider denser storage technologies. While modern flash-based storage exhibits raw access latency in the 𝜇𝑠 scale which is well within the tail latency requirements of many online services, traditional OS abstractions and their implementation for paging from storage incur prohibitive overheads precluding flash’s use in online services. In this paper, we introduce AstriFlash, a hardware/software co-design to integrate flash into the online memory hierarchy with a DRAM cache. Our evaluation with cycle-accurate full-system simulation shows that As-triFlash achieves 95% of DRAM-only system’s throughput while maintaining 99-percentile tail latency with only 16% degradation, and reducing the overall memory cost by 20x.
CO2 evolution during the last millennium as recorded by Antarctic and Greenland ice

In order to study in detail the pre-industrial CO 2 level (back to about 900 AD) and its temporal variations, several ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica were analysed in two laboratories, and compared with previous records. The agreement between the two laboratories and between the different cores of the same hemisphere is good. However, the comparison of the northern hemisphere (Greenland) and southern hemisphere (Antarctica) records shows values systematically higher in the north than in the south, ranging from 20 ppmv at the turn of this millennium to nearly zero around the 18th century. Based on our present knowledge of the carbon cycle, an inter-hemispheric gradient of 20 ppmv is unrealistic. Thus, in the oldest part of the record, at least one profile should not represent the true atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. A companion paper by Anklin et al. (submitted), discusses the possible processes which can alter the atmospheric CO 2 once trapped in the ice. Due to the fact that the impurity content is one order of magnitude lower in the Antarctic than in the Greenland ice, we are much more confident in the Antarctic record. The new results from D47 and D57 (Adelie Land) presented in this paper, confirm the CO 2 fluctuation of about 10 ppmv at the end of the 13th century, previously observed by Siegenthaler et al. (1988) on an ice core drilled at South Pole. This fluctuation corresponds to a small imbalance of the carbon cycle (∼ 0.3 GT C/ yr), but its duration led to a significant cumulative input into the atmosphere. The changes observed in the pre-industrial level are discussed in terms of climatic noise and variability. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47. issue1.22. x
Understanding Potential Misconceptions Shared Between Instructors and Students in Fundamental Electric Circuits

There has been a need to innovate instructors’ ways of capturing and assessing student learning in order to align their teaching strategies with the learners’ current understanding. The early detection of errors in knowledge among students allows the instructors to be dynamic and proactive in strategizing instruction. However, instructors presume that their own mental models are error-free. These presumptions need systematic validation to ensure that misconceptions do not propagate from learner to learner and to provide mutual benefit to both instructors and students as main participants of the learning process. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine prior and current knowledge in basic electric circuit concepts and to investigate the potential existence of shared misconceptions among teaching faculty and students. A 20-item concept inventory was designed and used in this study to methodically identify errors in fundamental electric circuit concepts as a means to inform instruction. This study addresses the following questions, “What misconceptions in fundamental electric circuits are potentially present in both instructors and students? How are these potential misconceptions shared between instructors and students? ” The concept test that we developed was administered via Qualtrics, and semi-structured interviews were conducted among instructor and undergraduate student participants in electrical and electronics engineering departments. This study used thematic and comparative analyses to explain intersections and differences in responses among instructors and students through the concept instrument used. Results highlight how misconceptions associated with basic electric circuit concepts described in previous literature are manifested in the thought processes of instructors and students, such as the operation of a first-order circuit involving time constant, capacitor and inductor operations, and individual behaviors of electric devices in an AC circuit in steady-state conditions. This work has implications for educators, curriculum designers, and researchers who seek to improve student learning of difficult engineering concepts. The outcomes of this study will provide the opportunity for research to interrogate why these misconceptions continue to exist and how we can use instructional practices and curriculum design methodologies to uncover and repair these misconceptions.
Dielectric Properties of Beta Barium Borate and Potassium Pentaborate Single Crystals

Single crystals of beta barium borate and potassium pentaborate (commonly known as β-BaB 2 O 4 or BBO and KB 5 O 8 .4H 2 O or KB5) were grown by high and low temperature solution growth methods, respectively. The dielectric constant and loss tangent were determined as a function of temperature. Frequency response of the dielectric constant and tan 6 have been studied over a frequency range of 0.1-100 kHz; it is found that both the dielectric constant and tan 6 decrease with increase in frequency for both crystals. The dielectric constant and tan 6 are found to increase with increase in temperature for both the crystals. Further, the dielectric constant and tan 6 measured on different orientations of the grown crystals reveal the anisotropic nature of the crystals
Nanosecond 389-nm coherent light source with injection seeding for nuclear spin polarization of 3He atoms

We have developed a 389-nm frequency-doubled nanosecond-pulsed coherent light source with injection seeding for nuclear polarization of 3He atoms with 23S→33P and then suggested four kinds of spectroscopic methods with the injection-seeded light source. With this light source, we have conducted saturated absorption spectroscopy of metastable 3He atoms. As a result, an accurate resonance frequency of 770682 GHz and a dip width of 1.7 GHz of metastable 3He atoms are obtained. Therefore, the linewidth of our injection-seeded light source can be estimated at 65 MHz or 1.7 GHz. Our light source has potential for the polarization of 3He due to high-peak power and narrow linewidth of the injection-seeded light source.
Transformation Toughening in Sol–Gel‐Derived Alumina‐Zirconia Composites

The microstructures of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} seeded sol-gel-derived alumina-zirconia composites containing 20 wt% unstabilized zirconia (processed from zirconium n-propoxide) were very fine, with submicrometer alumina grains and small, mainly intergranular zirconia particles, the latter having a critical size for the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation of {approximately}0.45 {micro}m. The corresponding ratios of the toughening contribution to the matrix toughness are relatively low ({Delta}K{sub c}/K{sub 0} < 1). This finding is confirmed by an analysis of the tetragonal zirconia particle size dependence of the stress-induced transformation toughening.
Testing Long-Run Neutrality in Japan

The simplest “long-run neutrality” proposition specifies that a permanent change of the money stock has no longrun consequences for the level of real output. King and Watson exhibited the basic framework of long-run neutrality. In this paper, we extend King & Watson’s method and succeed direct estimations of unknown parameters. We investigate the neutrality of (real GDP, M3) in Japan during (1980q1,2007q4), where M3 is a wider class of money than M2. We show that this interval rejects the neutrality to the positive direction.
Kinetics of aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons: Pt/Al2O3 and Sn-modified Ni catalysts

Reaction kinetics studies were conducted on the aqueous-phase reforming of ethylene glycol to produce hydrogen at temperatures near 500 K over Pt/Al2O3 and Raney NiSn catalysts. Ethylene glycol reforming proceeds through similar mechanisms over Pt and NiSn catalysts, involving initial dehydrogenation of ethylene glycol, followed by C−C bond cleavage and water−gas shift. The initial dehydrogenation of ethylene glycol appears to be kinetically significant over Pt/Al2O3, whereas the subsequent rate of C−C cleavage appears to be kinetically significant over R−Ni14Sn. The reforming reaction is fractional order in the ethylene glycol concentration, because of the strong adsorption of the oxygenated reactant, and negative order in the system pressure, through product inhibition by adsorption of H2 and/or CO at high pressures. High selectivity for hydrogen production is achieved for gas-phase products over Pt/Al2O3, whereas the addition of Sn is necessary to avoid alkane formation by methanation over Ni-based cat.
Growth of GaAsN alloys by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using plasma‐cracked NH3

We present a letter on the growth of GaAs1−xNx alloys (0<x<0.016). The layers have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at very low pressure (25 Pa). The nitrogen source NH3 has been decomposed in a remote microwave plasma, and uncracked triethylgallium and AsH3 were used. The N uptake into the layers shows a strong dependence on the growth temperature. The competition for the group V lattice sites leads to a reduction of the N content at higher AsH3 fluxes. The GaAsN layers show a strong red shift of the photoluminescence with increasing N content.
Analysis of structural characteristics of chemical compounds in a large computer-based file. Part IV. Cyclic fragments

The frequencies of monocycles and of primary rings in 1:1 - and 1:2-fused polycycles have been analysed by means of a simple and rapid computer procedure. The analysis deals with the great majority of ring systems in a sample of the Chemical Abstracts Registry System. The data are presented in terms of ring sizes and composition. In each case, the preponderance of six-membered carbocyclic rings is evident.
Wavelength-Dependent Photolysis of Methylglyoxal in the 290−440 nm Region

Photodissociation of methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO; MGLY) in the 290−440 nm region has been investigated at 10 nm intervals by using dye laser photolysis in combination with cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Absorption cross sections of methylglyoxal were obtained at each wavelength studied. The HCO radical was a photodecomposition product. The formation yield of HCO, determined by monitoring its absorption at 613.8 nm, decreased with increasing MGLY pressure in the 1−10 Torr range. The HCO yields (extrapolated to zero MGLY pressure) were unity in the 320−360 nm region, consistent with the photodissociation mechanism CH3COCHO + hν → CH3CO + HCO (P1). The HCO yields decreased at both the shorter (290−310 nm) and the longer (370−440 nm) wavelength end. The dependence of the HCO yields on nitrogen buffer gas pressure was also examined. The HCO radical yields were independent of nitrogen pressure (10−400 Torr) between 290 and 370 nm, but decreased with increasing nitrogen pressure in the 380−440 nm region. The coeffic.
Surfactant-Directed Zeolite Nanosheets: A High-Performance Catalyst for Gas-Phase Beckmann Rearrangement

Silica nanosheets with an MFI zeolite topology having a thickness of 2 nm were synthesized following a synthetic route using [C16H33−N+(CH3)2−C6H12−N+(CH3)2−C6H13](OH−)2 as a zeolite structure-directing agent. The surfactant-directed zeolite nanosheets exhibited a remarkably long catalytic lifetime and high selectivity for the production of e-caprolactam via gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, as compared with amorphous silica and bulk silica zeolite. The distinct catalytic performance of the nanosheets is attributable to silanol groups located on the surfactant-terminated crystal surfaces.
Multi-species simulation of Trichel pulses in oxygen

The development of negative corona Trichel pulses in oxygen between a spherical cathode and a plane is investigated using a plasma chemical model of ten selected species, which includes electrons, ions and neutrals. The interaction among these species is described by a model that incorporates the most important plasma chemical processes, such as ionization, electron attachment and detachment, electron impact dissociation and excitation, and clustering. The spatio-temporal evolution of charged and neutral species and their reaction rates are evaluated along different moments during the pulses. The case of the first Trichel pulse is considered separately, since its characteristics clearly differ from the subsequent pulses. The results show that the negative space charge is constituted of different types of ions, depending on the stage of the pulse. Moreover, a spatial segregation of negative ions is observed during the post-pulse period. Regarding neutral species, ozone increases linearly with time, without being considerably affected by the occurrence of pulses.
Mobile Technology Acceptance Scale for Learning Mathematics: Development, Validity, and Reliability Studies

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid, reliable, and useful scale to measure high school students’ levels of acceptance of mobile technologies in learning mathematics based on the second version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model. The study was designed based on a sequential exploratory mixed-method research design. To this end, both qualitative (interviews with students, review of literature, and expert panel evaluation) and quantitative procedures (Lawshe content validity technique, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminant validity, nomological validity, criterion validity, internal consistency reliability, and temporal reliability) were used to develop and validate the Mobile Technology Acceptance Scale for Learning Mathematics (m-TASLM). As a result, a 5-point Likert scale with 36 items grouped under 8 factors was developed and confirmed. Both validity and reliability studies yielded favorable results.
Influence of bio fertilizers, pre harvest spray of chemicals and organic liquid fertilizers on postharvest physiology of gerbera

An experiment was carried out to study the individual and interaction effect of bio fertilizers (Azotobacter and VAM) as soil application and chemicals (spermine and salicylic acid @ 25 and 50 ppm each) and organic liquid fertilizers (banana pseudo stem sap @ 0.5% and 1.0% and vermiwash @ 4%) as foliar spray on gerbera var. Alcatraz. Among the individual effects plants inoculated with bio fertilizers resulted in enhanced postharvest life of gerbera flowers as compared to uninoculated. Further, pre harvest foliar spray with spermine @ 25 ppm improved the postharvest physiology and vase life of gerbera which was followed by vermiwash @ 4%. Further, among the interaction effects, treatment combination of bio fertilisers along pre harvest foliar spray of spermine @ 25 ppm recorded minimum change in fresh weight of the flower (21.02%), higher water uptake by the flower (28.96 ml), total soluble sugar (39.90 mg/g), protein (30.72 mg/g), catalase activity (7.55 mM/min/g protein), peroxidase activity (48.19 mM/min/g protein) in the petal tissue and extended the vase life (9.29 days), which was followed by treatment combination of bio fertilizers along the vermiwash @ 4%. Thus, the treatment combinations of bio fertilizers along the foliar spray of spermine @ 25 ppm and vermiwash @ 4% improved the postharvest physiology and enhanced the vase life of gerbera.
Scattering transform et réseaux convolutionels pour l'identification du locuteur

Les assistants vocaux sont devenus tres populaires ces der-nieres annees. Les utilisateurs peuvent controler ces ap-pareils intelligents par la voix et obtenir divers services. Combines a la biometrie, ces dispositifs peuvent permettre de distinguer des profils utilisateurs et securiser l'usage de l'appareil. Dans ce scenario, quelques segments de dis-cours de courte duree (2-4 sec.) sont utilises pour l'au-thentification. Afin de limiter le nombre de parametres utili-ses pour l'apprentissage, nous proposons de combiner une Wavelet Scattering Transform (ST) et un reseau convolutif (CNN). Nos experimentations montrent que la combinaison ST/CNN extrait efficacement les caracteristiques de l'iden-tite du locuteur sur des discours de courte duree. Mots Clef Assistant vocal, identification du locuteur, reseau de neurones convolutifs, reseau hybride.
Low bias dry etching of tungsten and dielectric layers on GaAs

Microwave-enhanced SF6/O2 discharges with low ion energies (<or=100 eV) were examined for dry etching of W, SiNx and SiO2 films on GaAs. The etch rates of W and SiNx peak at 10% O2 flow rates, which produce higher atomic fluorine densities in the discharges. Undercutting of W features is minimized when using Ti masks because of a sidewall passivant mechanism. Tungsten films may also be anisotropically etched in BCl3/Ar discharges at somewhat lower rates than with the SF6-based chemistry. Fluorine residues on the GaAs surface after dry etching were removed by NH4OH/H2O wet chemical cleaning, while an H2 plasma treatment at room temperature was also effective in removing dry etch residues.
Structure and Electric Properties in Tin-Doped Zinc Oxide Films Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Tin-doped zinc oxide, (Zn, Sn)O δ , films were prepared using a pulsed laser deposition method to elucidate the effects of Sn doping in ZnO films. The film obtained was -oriented wurtzite type when the Sn concentration was 10% or less, while -oriented SnZn 2 O 4 was the major phase when the Sn concentration was more than 10%. The lattice parameters of the wurtzite-type (Zn, Sn)O δ increased with increasing Sn concentration, and Raman spectra showed corresponding systematic changes with Sn concentration. However, the electron concentration measured by the Hall effect was not proportional to the Sn concentration, although the tetravalent Sn ion, a possible double-donor impurity, was introduced into the ZnO lattice. The charge compensation mechanism in the (Zn, Sn)O δ films is discussed in relation to imperfections in the crystalline structure.
Verwendung von Kartoffelpülpe und Kartoffelfruchtwasser als Nährmedium zur Anzucht von Laccase produzierenden Pilzen

Abfallprodukte aus der Starkeindustrie (Kartoffelpulpe und Kartoffelfruchtwasser) werden als Nahrlosung zur Anzucht von ausgewahlten Polyporaceae-Stammen verwendet, aus denen phenoloxidierende Enzyme (Laccase) gewonnen werden konnen. In den von uns isolierten Stammen von Trametes villosa, Trametes versicolor und Polyporus brumalis wurde neben einer hohen Laccase-Aktivitat zum ersten Mal auch eine hohe amylolytische Aktivitat nachgewiesen. Die ausgewahlten Stamme sind in der Lage, die starkehaltige Pulpe als einzige C-Quelle zu verwerten. In dem Kartoffelfruchtwasser wurden hohe Aminosauren-Gehalte, insbesondere Asparagin und Asparaginsaure gefunden, die eine optimale N-Quelle fur die verwendeten Weisfaulepilze darstellen. Technischer Einsatz der bei der Starkegewinnung anfallenden Abfallprodukte zur Produktion von pilzlichen Enzymen bietet eine wirtschaftlich interessante Alternative zum kostspieligen synthetischen Standardmedium.
Influence of bacterial biofilms on Bacillus globigii spore viability in model chlorinated water distribution systems

Viability of Bacillus globigii spores in chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe loop systems were examined under oligotrophic conditions. Three 2.5 cm × 10 m pipe loops having poised free chlorine concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L were seeded with 3.0 × 10 8 B. globigii spores each and viability was assessed over a 21 day period in both the recirculating waters and within the biofilms associated with pipe wall surfaces. After 10 min of exposure, viable spores were found to be associated within the pipe biofilms. In the untreated pipe loop spore counts remained statistically consistent in both the bulk water and biofilm until 1.0 mg/L free chlorine was introduced, then spores were completely inactivated in less than seven days. Spores within the pipe loop poised at 0.5 mg/L free chlorine showed a 7.6-log 10 inactivation in the bulk water phase, but only a 2.7-log 10 inactivation was observed within the biofilm after 14 days of treatment. Complete inactivation was observed in the 1.0 mg/L free chlorine system in both the biofilm and the bulk water phase in less than 10 min. These data demonstrated that B. globigii spores were readily incorporated into PVC pipe biofilms, which decreased spore inactivation nearly five orders of magnitude under moderate free chlorine concentrations.
The role of income tax in the genesis of the tax profession

This paper has two main aims: first, to show how and why, from a functionalist perspective, income tax, especially after 1842, contributed to the development of the accounting profession; and, second, to show how, by this, the seeds of a specialist tax profession were sown. It examines the nature of the legal and commercial difficulties associated with income tax as revealed by the academic literature, then goes on to use newspaper and other press reports and articles to show how accountants were involved in helping to resolve such difficulties on a day-to-day basis. It does this for a key period of development for both income tax and the accounting profession: between 1798 and 1900. The examination of press materials reveals that accountants’ involvement in income tax not only helped towards the development of the profession, but, arguably, drove the development of accounting principles and sowed the seeds for a more specialist tax profession to emerge. Keywords: Income Tax, Accounting Profession Development, Tax Profession Development, Newspaper Reports/Articles.
IN-VITRO-SELEKTION SPEZIFISCH LIGANDENBINDENDER NUCLEINSAUREN

In-vitro-Selektion ist eine Methode, mit der gleichzeitig eine sehr grose Zahl verschiedener Nucleinsauremolekule auf bestimmte Eigenschaften hin, z.B. Bindungsverhalten oder katalytische Eigenschaften, untersucht werden kann; ferner ist die Isolierung der sehr seltenen funktionellen Molekule moglich. Mit dieser Technik wurden zum Beispiel die Bindungsstellen fur Proteine an Nucleinsauren untersucht, um Informationen uber Protein-Nucleinsaure-Wechselwirkungen zu erhalten. Struktur und Funktion katalytischer RNA („Ribozyme”) wurden mit in-vitro-Selektion studiert; diese Untersuchungen fuhrten zu neuen Ribozymen mit verbesserter katalytischer Aktivitat. Auch die Substratspezifitat katalytischer RNA konnte verandert werden, wobei DNA-spaltende Ribozyme erhalten wurden. Schlieslich gelang die Isolierung von Nucleinsauren, die spezifisch bestimmte „kleine” organische Molekule binden, sowie von RNA-Molekulen, die Tripelhelices mit Doppelstrang-DNA bilden. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir Hintergrund, Design und Ergebnisse von genetischen in-vitro-Experimenten, die eine Brucke schlagen zwischen biochemisch-molekularbiologischen und organischchemischen Studien zur molekularen Erkennung.