Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking Local Community Evolution

We are interested in observing changes to a particular web graph community over time. A small subset of the entire web graph can provide sufficient information about our community of interest. Therefore we use a local approach where knowledge of the entire web graph is not needed. In this paper we will consider how we may track the evolution of a community from a local point of view and analyze the quality of our model. We use local modularity as our community definition of choice and propose an improvement thereof. An incremental definition is coined such that we may analyze the consequences of elementary modification of a community. We analyze the quality of a local community as constructed using this incremental definition. Therefore we propose a probability model that we demonstrate on omission errors for the incremental algorithm.
Dopamine D2 receptor‐mediated modulation of rod‐cone coupling in the Xenopus retina

We studied the responses of rod photoreceptors that were elicited with light flashes or sinusoidally modulated light by using intracellular recording. Dark‐adapted Xenopus rod photoreceptors responded to sinusoidally modulated green lights at temporal frequencies between 1 Hz and 4 Hz. In normal Ringer's solution, 57% of the rods tested could follow red lights that were matched for equal rod absorbance to frequencies >5 Hz, indicating an input from red‐sensitive cones. Quinpirole (10 μM), a D2 dopamine agonist, increased rod‐cone coupling, whereas spiperone (5 μM), a selective D2 antagonist, completely suppressed it. D1 dopamine ligands were without effect. Neurobiotin that was injected into single rods diffused into neighboring rods and cones in quinpirole‐treated retinas but only diffused into rods in spiperone‐treated retinas. A subpopulation of rods (ca. 10% total rods) received a very strong cone input, which quickened the kinetics of their responses to red flashes and greatly increased the bandpass of their responses to sinusoidally modulated light. Based on electron microscopic examination, which showed that rod‐rod and cone‐cone gap junctions are common, whereas rod‐cone junctions are relatively rare, we postulate that cone signals enter the rod network through a minority of rods with strong cone connections, from which the cone signal is further distributed in the rod network. A semiquantitative model of coupling, based on measures of gap‐junction size and distribution and estimates of their conductance and open times, provides support for this assumption. The same network would permit rod signals to reach cones. J. Comp. Neurol. 398:529–538, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extending identity management system with multimodal biometric authentication

Techniques for authentication that are used in today's identity management systems are vulnerable when they are used over the network. In order to prevent fraud and unauthorized data access, it is important to ensure the identity of the person who submitted authentication credentials. The authentication process can be additionally secured by using biometric data for user verification. Moreover, precision of biometric authentication can be improved by the use of multimodal biometrics. This paper presents a system which has been designed for identity management based on FreeIPA solution for digital identity management and MMBio framework for multimodal biometrics. Proposed system provides multifactor authentication, where MMBio framework is used for handling user biometric data. Developed prototype confirms possible integration of identity management and multimodal biometric systems. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-32013]
The treatment of CIN: what are the risks?

The treatment of squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is to remove or destroy the transformation zone (TZ). It is likely that no method of treatment is superior to another if it is performed properly and the limited available evidence supports this view. The significant advantages of excision (simplicity, cost, outpatient procedure, histological examination of the entire TZ) mean that treatment thresholds may have lowered over the last decade. Long‐term pregnancy‐related morbidity associated with excision has been reported recently. The evidence would suggest that this increase equates to a genuine increase in serious adverse outcome for cone biopsy but not large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). The available data also point to an increase in both incomplete excision and premature labour associated with the excision of large endocervical TZs. The clinical implications arising from this are firstly that women with large type 2 and 3 TZs need appropriate counselling before treatment and that the threshold for treating young women with mild abnormalities needs review.
A Guided Tour of Color Space

Video processing is generally concerned with color represented in three components derived from the scene, usually red, green, and blue or components computed from these. Once red, green, and blue components of a scene are obtained, color coding systems transform these components into other forms suitable for processing, recording, and transmission. Accurate color reproduction depends on knowledge of exactly how the physical spectra of the original scene are transformed into these components and exactly how the color components are transformed to physical spectra at the display.
The histological diagnosis of chronic gastritis in fibreoptic gastroscope biopsy specimens

The advent of the fibreoptic gastroscope with biopsy facilities has provided the means of obtaining biopsy specimens under direct vision from any part of the stomach. This creates new opportunities for the study of chronic gastritis, and, in particular, its evolution, topographical location, and causal relationships. On the basis of an experience with more than 2,500 biopsy specimens we have outlined a method for their systematic examination and have proposed a classification of chronic gastritis. This classification includes the type of mucosa, the type and stage of activity of the gastritis, and the presence and type of metaplasia. The classification is sufficiently flexible to allow within it quantitative assessment of individual histological features.
Alcohol, immunosuppression, and the lung.

Infection in the immunocompromised host has generated much clinical concern and a wealth of studies instructing us on how to deal with such patients.1,2These efforts have centered almost solely on the transplant recipient, the cancer patient, and, most recently, the male homosexual. However, the older clinical literature and the more recent basic science literature deal with the effects of alcohol—a not inconsequential fact considering that at least 10% of our population are alcoholics and billions of dollars are lost each year as a direct result of alcoholism.3,4 The metabolic effects of alcohol are well known.5These include decreased albumin synthesis, serum magnesium, serum phosphate, and gluconeogenesis with resultant hypoglycemia, increased lactate and ketone production, and increased drug metabolism and oxygen consumption. Subclinical vitamin deficiencies leading to cerebral impairment are also frequently observed.6 Alcoholics have more pulmonary symptoms and diseases. Epidemiologic studies show an increase in
Beyond static biomarkers—The dynamic response potential of signaling networks as an alternate biomarker?

Properties from simulated pathway dynamics effectively predict neuroblastoma patient outcome. In this week’s issue of Science Signaling, Fey et al. introduce a new type of biomarker. Using the example of neuroblastoma, the authors demonstrate that patient-specific differences in the computed property (the Hill coefficient) of the dynamics of a pathway involved in cell death signaling outperformed the prognostic capability of any single static biomarker alone or in combination.
The influence of emergency contraception on post‐traumatic stress symptoms following sexual assault

&NA; Conservative estimates indicate that 18–25% of women in the United States will be exposed to some form of sexual assault in their lifetime. A great number of these women will develop post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study explores the relationship between emergency contraception (EC) administration and subsequent post‐traumatic stress symptoms in female sexual assault (SA) survivors. In a study population of 111 participants, post‐traumatic stress symptoms were assessed approximately six months after the SA. Women who were already taking hormonal contraception (HC) at the time of the SA and those who declined EC were compared to women who took either Ogestrel or Plan B following the SA. While the administration of traditional HC and both types of EC were associated with fewer intrusive symptoms, women who took Ogestrel reported significantly lower post‐traumatic stress total symptom levels than did those who took Plan B or those who declined EC. The results suggest that the manipulation of sex hormone levels with HC and EC in the immediate aftermath of trauma may influence subsequent post‐traumatic stress symptoms. The current results may be useful in guiding the choice of EC.
Potassium channels activated in the endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization in guinea‐pig coronary artery

1 Properties of the endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in smooth muscle of the guinea‐pig coronary artery were investigated using conventional microelectrode techniques. 2 ACh hyperpolarized the membrane in an endothelium‐dependent manner. The hyperpolarization comprised two components: an initial and a slow hyperpolarization. The former appeared during application of ACh, while the latter occurred after withdrawal of ACh. 3 Indomethacin and diclofenac, inhibitors of the enzyme cyclo‐oxygenase, blocked only the slow hyperpolarization, indicating that this potential was produced by endothelial prostanoids. 4 Clotrimazole and SKF 525a, known inhibitors of the enzyme cytochrome P450, inhibited both the initial and the slow hyperpolarizations, suggesting that these chemicals acted as non‐selective inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Inhibition of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism by nordihydroguaiaretic acid had no effect on either component of the hyperpolarization. 5 The slow hyperpolarization was inhibited by 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP; 10−4‐10−3 M) and glibenclamide (10−6 M). The initial hyperpolarization was greatly inhibited by charybdotoxin (CTX; 5 × 10−8 M) and partially inhibited by apamin (10−7 M), but was not inhibited by glibenclamide (10−5 M). Ba2+ (10−4 M) depolarized the membrane and increased the amplitude of both components of the ACh‐induced hyperpolarization. 6 Hyperpolarizations produced by Y‐26763, a K+ channel opener, were inhibited by glibenclamide, but not by 4‐AP. 7 The results indicate that the slow hyperpolarization is produced by endothelial prostanoids through activation of 4‐AP‐sensitive K+ channels (possibly delayed rectifier type). The initial hyperpolarization is produced mainly through activation of CTX‐sensitive K+ channels (possibly Ca2+‐sensitive type).
Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour.

BACKGROUND Cardiotocography (known also as electronic fetal monitoring), records changes in the fetal heart rate and their temporal relationship to uterine contractions. The aim is to identify babies who may be short of oxygen (hypoxic), so additional assessments of fetal well-being may be used, or the baby delivered by caesarean section or instrumental vaginal birth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous cardiotocography during labour. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (31 December 2012) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials involving a comparison of continuous cardiotocography (with and without fetal blood sampling) with (a) no fetal monitoring, (b) intermittent auscultation (c) intermittent cardiotocography. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, quality and extracted data from included studies. MAIN RESULTS Thirteen trials were included with over 37,000 women; only two were judged to be of high quality.Compared with intermittent auscultation, continuous cardiotocography showed no significant improvement in overall perinatal death rate (risk ratio (RR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59 to 1.23, n = 33,513, 11 trials), but was associated with a halving of neonatal seizures (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.80, n = 32,386, nine trials). There was no significant difference in cerebral palsy rates (RR 1.75, 95% CI 0.84 to 3.63, n = 13,252, two trials). There was a significant increase in caesarean sections associated with continuous cardiotocography (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.07, n = 18,861, 11 trials). Women were also more likely to have an instrumental vaginal birth (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.33, n = 18,615, 10 trials). Data for subgroups of low-risk, high-risk, preterm pregnancies and high-quality trials were consistent with overall results. Access to fetal blood sampling did not appear to influence the difference in neonatal seizures nor any other prespecified outcome. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Continuous cardiotocography during labour is associated with a reduction in neonatal seizures, but no significant differences in cerebral palsy, infant mortality or other standard measures of neonatal well-being. However, continuous cardiotocography was associated with an increase in caesarean sections and instrumental vaginal births. The challenge is how best to convey these results to women to enable them to make an informed choice without compromising the normality of labour.
Privacy and Regulatory Innovation : Moving Beyond Voluntary Codes

According to its many critics, privacy selfregulation is a failure. It suffers from an overall lack of transparency, weak or incomplete realization of the Fair Information Practice Principles, inadequate incentives to ensure wide-scale industry participation, and ineffective compliance and enforcement mechanisms. Rather than attacking or defending self-regulation, this Article explores co-regulatory approaches in which government plays a role in setting requirements for industry guidelines and imposing sanctions for non-compliance. It examines innovative policy tools such as regulatory covenants and develops a normative framework for evaluating selfregulatory mechanisms. It then considers four case studies, including a voluntary code governing online behavioral advertising practices, a government-negotiated program enabling data flows between Europe and the U.S., a statutory safe harbor program designed to protect children's privacy, and a variety of privacy covenants. This Article argues that while statutory safe harbors have many strengths and privacy covenants offer the promise of achieving even better results, both would benefit from being redesigned. Finally, it offers specific policy recommendations: (i) to the FTC on how it might begin to use the covenanting approach to experiment with *Adjunct Professor of Law and Senior Fellow, Information Law Institute, New York University School of Law. For their extensive comments on an earlier draft of this paper, I am especially grateful to Dennis Hirsch, Chris Hoofnagle, and Ron Lee. I also benefited from the comments and suggestions of Malcolm Crompton, Charles Curran, Amy Mudge, Peter Schuck, and Lisa Sotto, and the participants in the Workshop on Federal Privacy Legislation, New York University School of Law, October 2, 2009. I/S: A JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLICY innovative technologies and address hard problems such as online behavioral advertising; and (2) to Congress on how best to structure new safe harbor programs as an essential component of omnibus consumer privacy legislation. All of these approaches to regulatory innovation move beyond purely voluntary codes in favor of co-regulatory solutions.
Effect of Neutral-pH, Low-Glucose Degradation Product Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on Residual Renal Function, Urine Volume, and Ultrafiltration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation products solutions were developed in an attempt to lessen the adverse effects of conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions. A systematic review was performed evaluating the effect of these solutions on residual renal function, urine volume, peritoneal ultrafiltration, and peritoneal small-solute transport (dialysate to plasma creatinine ratio) over time. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Multiple electronic databases were searched from January of 1995 to January of 2013. Randomized trials reporting on any of four prespecified outcomes were selected by consensus among multiple reviewers. RESULTS Eleven trials of 643 patients were included. Trials were generally of poor quality. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. The use of neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation products solutions resulted in better preserved residual renal function at various study durations, including >1 year (combined analysis: 11 studies; 643 patients; standardized mean difference =0.17 ml/min; 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.32), and greater urine volumes (eight studies; 598 patients; mean difference =128 ml/d; 95% confidence interval, 58 to 198). There was no significant difference in peritoneal ultrafiltration (seven studies; 571 patients; mean difference =-110; 95% confidence interval, -312 to 91) or dialysate to plasma creatinine ratio (six studies; 432 patients; mean difference =0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.06). CONCLUSIONS The use of neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation products solutions results in better preservation of residual renal function and greater urine volumes. The effect on residual renal function occurred early and persisted beyond 12 months. Additional studies are required to evaluate the use of neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation products solutions on hard clinical outcomes.
The value of MARC data, or, challenges of frbrisation

Purpose – Bibliographic records should now be used in innovative end-user applications that enable users to learn about, discover and exploit available content, and this information should be interpreted and reused also beyond the library domain. New conceptual models such as FRBR offer the foundation for such developments. The main motivation for this research is to contribute to the adoption of the FRBR model in future bibliographic standards and systems, by analysing limitations in existing bibliographic information and looking for short- and long-term solutions that can improve the data quality in terms of expressing the FRBR model. Design/methodology/approach – MARC records in three collections (BIBSYS catalogue, Slovenian National Bibliography and BTJ catalogue) were first analysed by looking at statistics of field and subfield usage to determine common patterns that express FRBR. Based on this, different rules for interpreting the information were developed. Finally typical problems/errors found in.
The 4 th International Conference on Ambient Systems , Networks and Technologies ( ANT 2013 ) LINK RECOMMENDER : Collaborative-Filtering for Recommending URLs to Twitter Users

Twitter, the popular micro-blogging service, has gained a rapid growth in recent years. Newest information is accessible in this social web service through a large volume of real-time tweets. Tweets are short and they are more informative when they are coupled with URLs. Due to tweet overload in Twitter, we believe that an accurate URL recommender system is a beneficial tool for information seekers. In this paper, we focus on a neighborhood-based recommender system that recommends URLs to Twitter users. We consider one of the major elements of tweets, hashtags, as topic representatives of URLs in our approach. We propose methods for incorporating hashtags in measuring the relevancy of URLs. Our experiments show that our neighborhood-based recommender system outperforms the matrix factorizationbased system significantly. We also show that the accuracy of URL recommendation in Twitter is time-dependent. A higher recommendation accuracy is obtained when more recent data is provided for recommendation. c © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Application of cognition based resource allocation strategies on a multi-hop backhaul network

This paper investigates a weighting factor based reinforcement learning scheme with a physical information based channel selection policy applied on a multi-hop backhaul wireless network with directional antennas, for a high capacity density wireless system, in order to enhance the spectrum efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS). The interference environment on a multi-hop backhaul network has been analyzed. A novel channel selection policy is designed based on the interference information obtained from the spectrum sensing process, which is incorporated into a multi-hop based learning scheme. It is demonstrated that the weighting factor based reinforcement learning scheme can efficiently partition channels for users in different locations and achieve a significantly higher QoS than conventional approaches. Moreover, the receiver based interference weighted channel selection policy can speed up the learning process in its initial stage.
Silicon-Based Micro-Machined Infrared Emitters With a Micro-Bridge and a Self-Heating Membrane Structure

A micro-bridge membrane type (MBMT) infrared (IR) emitter is designed and fabricated to realize high IR radiation, low power consumption, and low thermo-mechanical stress. The suspended micro-bridge membrane, consisting of a heating layer and a self-heating support layer, is constructed in a silicon (Si) frame. A boron-doped poly-Si serves as the resistive heating layer to realize the IR radiation, and a heavily-boron-doped Si serves as the self-heating layer to absorb the backward IR radiation for storing the thermal energy and support the heating layer. The fabricated MBMT is thoroughly characterized by the electrical and optical measurements. The results reveal that MBMT emitters have higher photoelectric and mechanical performances than the closed membrane type emitters.