Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seguridad y tolerabilidad de la gabapentina

Objective. To review the information available regarding the safety and tolerability of gabapentin (GBP) in the treatment of epilepsy. Patients and methods. We reviewed the reports in the literature on the safety, adverseeffects and tolerance of GBP as treatment, used as monotherapy or associated with other drugs, in epilepsies in patients of all age groups, including children, adults and the elderly. Results. All published studies confirm that GBP is a well-tolerated drug when used for monotherapy or associated with other antiepileptic drugs. The commonest adverse effects seen were somnolence, fainting, ataxia, nystagmus, tremor and headache. However, their incidence was low and intensity mild. There was no clear relationship between the dose given and appearance of side-effects, except for fainting and somnolence. Conclusions. GBP is a drug which is free of unwanted side-effects. Its safety and tolerability profile is excellent for treatment of simple and complex partial crises, with or without generalization in epileptic patients of all ages.
A note on falling-head and rising-tail permeability tests on saturated soils in centrifuge

The falling-head and rising-tail method for permeability test allows for both inflow and outflow rates to be conveniently measured. This helps to detect any possible swelling or consolidation of specimen during testing and to identify the continuity of flow of water through the specimen. It has been widely adopted to measure the hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous media of extremely low permeability, such as hydraulic barrier soil materials. Centrifuge permeameter test with this method has recently been devised to accelerate water flow and reduce the time needed for testing. The accompanying equation for calculating hydraulic conductivity is, however, found to be simplified because it was formulated by idealizing such a variable-head test as multiple segmental constant-head tests. In this paper, a new generalized equation is established based strictly on the variable head. Moreover, based on curve matching between the rates of flow into and out of the soil specimen, an approach is also proposed to identify the continuity state of flow. The data relevant to this state are extracted for performing the calculation of hydraulic conductivity. The practical application of the proposed equation and its associated approach is illustrated through a reanalysis of recently published experimental data in the literature.
Extreme precipitation in the Amur River basin: formation factors and methods of estimation

The values of maximal daily precipitation in the Amur River basin obtained using two different methods are considered. The first one is based on the hydro-meteorological approach to calculate the probable maximum precipitation. The second one is developed by the authors; it combines several statistical methods for calculating the values of the hydro-meteorological characteristics of low probability. Comparison of the results obtained by the two methods is made.
Therapeutic Exercise: From Theory to Practice

I. Concepts of Therapeutic Exercise & Rehabilitation Introduction to Designing a Rehabilitation Program Tissue Healing Psychological Aspects of Rehabilitation Range Of Motion Stretching Joint Mobilization Strengthening Core Stability Plyometrics Isokinetics Aerobic Conditioning Aquatic Exercise Proprioception II. Rehabilitation of the Lower Extremity Rehabilitation of the Foot & Ankle Complex Rehabilitation of the Tibiofemoral Joint Rehabilitation of the Patellofemoral Joint Rehabilitation of the Hip, Thigh & Groin III. Rehabilitation of the Spine IV. Rehabilitation of the Upper Extremity Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Rehabilitation of the Elbow & Forearm Rehabilitation & Injury Prevention in the Overhead Athlete Rehabilitation of the Wrist & Hand.
Detection of Small Target Using Schatten 1/2 Quasi-Norm Regularization with Reweighted Sparse Enhancement in Complex Infrared Scenes

In uniform infrared scenes with single sparse high-contrast small targets, most existing small target detection algorithms perform well. However, when encountering multiple and/or structurally sparse targets in complex backgrounds, these methods potentially lead to high missing and false alarm rate. In this paper, a novel and robust infrared single-frame small target detection is proposed via an effective integration of Schatten 1/2 quasi-norm regularization and reweighted sparse enhancement (RS1/2NIPI). Initially, to achieve a tighter approximation to the original low-rank regularized assumption, a nonconvex low-rank regularizer termed as Schatten 1/2 quasi-norm (S1/2N) is utilized to replace the traditional convex-relaxed nuclear norm. Then, a reweighted l1 norm with adaptive penalty serving as sparse enhancement strategy is employed in our model for suppressing non-target residuals. Finally, the small target detection task is reformulated as a problem of nonconvex low-rank matrix recovery with sparse reweighting. The resulted model falls into the workable scope of inexact augment Lagrangian algorithm, in which the S1/2N minimization subproblem can be efficiently solved by the designed softening half-thresholding operator. Extensive experimental results on several real infrared scene datasets validate the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-arts with respect to background interference suppression and target extraction.
National surveillance of rheumatic fever in Australia, and continuous quality improvement of rheumatic heart disease in Fiji : contemporary models for identification and management

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune response following an untreated streptococcal infection. The devastating effect of ARF is residual damage to the heart valves; a condition called rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Diagnosis and management of these conditions is complex. The most important yet most difficult element of treatment is delivery of regular intramuscular injections to prevent recurrence of ARF and worsening of RHD. Two contemporary models were employed to investigate current approaches to diagnosis and management and whether they could be improved. Diagnosis of ARF in Australian children was monitored through an existing national surveillance system over a 3 year period (2007 to 2010). One hundred and fifty-one cases were identified, with joint symptoms, fever and carditis being the most common features. There were delays in presentation of children to primary care services, and referral by medical officers to higher-level care across both urban and remote areas. Results of ARF in low risk children suggest that subtle presentations of ARF in this group are being missed. Management of ARF and RHD was analysed at three sites in Fiji over a two and a half year period (2009 to 2011). A process of continuous quality improvement (CQI) was applied to determine what impact such an intervention might have on key aspects of service delivery and client health outcomes. The study produced mixed results. Overall, the quality of clinical documentation improved; however there was not a consistently positive impact on the delivery of intramuscular injections despite reported improvements in clinical delivery systems. Based on the experience of using CQI in Fiji it is not a valid tool in its current form. Modification of the CQI tool and a higher level of technical and financial support for CQI activities should be considered prior to any future research.
Preliminary examination of kinematic rupture parameter variability in simulated ground motions

This paper investigates the effects of variability in source rupture parameters on site-specific physics-based simulated ground motions, ascertained through the systematic analysis of ground motion intensity measures. As a preliminary study, we consider simulations of the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake using the Graves and Pitarka (2015) methodology. The effects of source variability are considered via a sensitivity study in which parameters (hypocentre location, earthquake magnitude, average rupture velocity, fault geometry and the Brune stress parameter) are individually varied by one standard deviation. The sensitivity of simulated ground motion intensity measures are subsequently compared against observational data. The preliminary results from this study indicate that uncertainty in the stress parameter and the rupture velocity have the most significant effect on the high frequency amplitudes. Conversely, magnitude uncertainty was found to be most influential on the spectral acceleration amplitudes at low frequencies. Further work is required to extend this preliminary study to exhaustively consider more events and to include parameter covariance. The ultimate results of this research will assist in the validation of the overall simulation method’s accuracy in capturing various rupture parameters, which is essential for the use of simulated ground motion models in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
Towards to an Oncology Database (ONCOD) using a data warehousing approach

While data warehousing approaches have been increasingly adopted in the biomedical informatics community for individualized data integration, effectively dealing with data integration, access, and application remains a challenging issue. In this report, focusing on ontology data, we describe how to use an established data warehouse system, named TRAM, to provide a data mart layer to address this issue. Our effort has resulted in a twofold achievement: 1) a model data mart tailored to facilitate oncology data integration and application (ONCOD), and 2) a flexible system architecture that has potential to be customized to support other data marts for various major medical fields.
The influence of water deficit and light intensity on blackberry fruit yield and quality.

An overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. This work aimed to investigate the effects of light intensity and water deficit on fruit quality and productivity in two blackberry cultivars, Thornfree and Lochness. Plants were grown for two consecutive years during summer under 100% (HL) and 25% (LL) sunlight conditions with (WW) and without (LW) irrigation. Both cultivars produced large amounts of fruits under HL+WW conditions. Under water deficit the fruit yield and weight decreased in Thornfree while it increased in Lochness plants grown under LL conditions. Soluble solids content did not change in plants exposed to HL but it decreased slightly in both cultivars under LL conditions. Soluble sugars decreased only in Thornfree under LL.In both cultivars fruits harvested from non-irrigated plants showed lower titrable acidity values than irrigated plants. Light and water treatment did not affect the amount of total phenolics, but water deficit decreased anthocyanins in both cultivars when plants were grown under LL conditions. The potential use of both cultivars in future breeding programs is discussed.
Dinitrogen Fixation Across Physico‐Chemical Gradients of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone

The Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean hosts one of the world's largest oceanic oxygen deficient zones (ODZs). Hot spots for reactive nitrogen (Nr) removal processes, ODZs generate conditions proposed to promote Nr inputs via dinitrogen (N2) fixation. In this study, we quantified N2 fixation rates by 15N tracer bioassay across oxygen, nutrient, and light gradients within and adjacent to the ODZ. Within subeuphotic oxygen‐deplete waters, N2 fixation was largely undetectable; however, addition of dissolved organic carbon stimulated N2 fixation in suboxic (<20 μmol/kg O2) waters, suggesting that diazotroph communities are likely energy limited or carbon limited and able to fix N2 despite high ambient concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Elevated rates (>9 nmol N·L−1·day−1) were also observed in suboxic waters near volcanic islands where N2 fixation was quantifiable to 3,000 m. Within the overlying euphotic waters, N2 fixation rates were highest near the continent, exceeding 500 μmol N·m−2·day−1 at one third of inshore stations. These findings support the expansion of the known range of diazotrophs to deep, cold, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen‐replete waters. Additionally, this work bolsters calls for the reconsideration of ocean margins as important sources of Nr. Despite high rates at some inshore stations, regional N2 fixation appears insufficient to compensate for Nr loss locally as observed previously in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific ODZ.
GRAPHICAL DATA FLOW BASED IN TLS AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR CONSOLIDATION STUDIES OF HISTORICAL SITES. THE CASE STUDY OF JUROMENHA FORTRESS IN PORTUGAL

Abstract. This paper discusses the graphical data flow, based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetry, for the conservation and rehabilitation project of the Fortress of Juromenha, located nearby the Portuguese-Spanish border in the Alentejo Province. First, we describe the strategy of data acquisition including GPS positioning, drone imagery, ground based imagery, and TLS survey. For the data input, this study considers two types of natures: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative means anything that can be quantified such as a measurement, an orthoimage, a point cloud or a 3D model. Qualitative means more intangible information such as a perspective on the state of conservation of a surface, a texture, or an ambience. Second, we illustrate the processing step highlighting the challenges and defining the outcomes. Next, it is detailed what kind of data was extracted to prepare the basis for the documents to be used on the conservation project. This section is complemented with the analysis on how data was shared among the project team and how it was used. Finally, it is discussed how the nature of the data and information generated influenced the consolidation design.
Minibasin depocentre migration during diachronous salt welding, offshore Angola

Salt tectonics is an important part of the geological evolution of many continental margins, yet the four‐dimensional evolution of the minibasins, the fundamental building block of these and many other salt basins, remains poorly understood. Using high‐quality 3D seismic data from the Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola we document the long‐term (>70 Myr) dynamics of minibasin subsidence. We show that, during the Albian, a broadly tabular layer of carbonate was deposited prior to substantial salt flow, diapirism, and minibasin formation. We identify four subsequent stages of salt‐tectonics and related minibasin evolution: (i) thin‐skinned extension (Cenomanian to Coniacian) driven by basinward tilting of the salt layer, resulting in the formation of low‐displacement normal faults and related salt rollers. During this stage, local salt welding led to the along‐strike migration of fault‐bound depocentres; (ii) salt welding below the eastern part of the minibasin (Santonian to Paleocene), causing a westward shift in depocentre location; (iii) welding below the minibasin centre (Eocene to Oligocene), resulting in the formation of a turtle and an abrupt shift of depocentres towards the flanks of the bounding salt walls; and (iv) an eastward shift in depocentre location due to regional tilting, contraction, and diapir squeezing (Miocene to Holocene). Our study shows that salt welding and subsequent contraction are key controls on minibasin geometry, subsidence and stratigraphic patterns. In particular, we show how salt welding is a protracted process, spanning > 70 Myr of the salt‐tectonic history of this, and likely other salt‐rich basins. The progressive migration of minibasin depocentres, and the associated stratigraphic architecture, record weld dynamics. Our study has implications for the tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of minibasins.
Evaluating the Drought-Monitoring Utility of Four Satellite-Based Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Products at Global Scale

This study simultaneously analyzed and evaluated the meteorological drought-monitoring utility of the following four satellite-based, quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis 3B43V7 (TRMM-3B43), the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique gauge-satellite blended product (CMORPH-BLD), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR). Data from 2000 to 2016 was used at global scale. The global Climate Research Unit (CRU) Version 4.02 was used as reference data to assess QPE products. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought index was chosen as an example to evaluate the drought utility of four QPE products. The results indicate that CHIRPS has the best performance in Europe, Oceania, and Africa; the PERSIANN-CDR has the best performance in North America, South America, and Asia; the CMORPH-BLD has the worst statistical indices in all continents. Although four QPE products showed satisfactory performance for most of the world according to SPEI statistics, poor drought monitoring ability occurred in Southeast Asia, Central Africa, the Tibetan plateau, the Himalayas, and Amazonia. The PERSIANN-CDR achieves the best performance of the four QPE products in most regions except for Africa; CHIRPS and TRMM-3B43 have comparable performances. According to the spatial probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR) of the SPEI, more than 50% of all drought events cannot be accurately identified by QPE products in regions with sparse gauge distribution. In other regions, such as the southeastern USA, southeastern China, and South Africa, QPE products capture more than 75% of drought events. Temporally, all datasets (except for CMORPH-BLD) can detect all typical drought events, namely, in the southeastern US in 2007, western Europe in 2003, Kenya in 2006, and Central Asia in 2008. The study concludes that CHIRPS and TRMM-3B43 can be used as near-real-time drought monitoring techniques whereas PERSIANN-CDR might be more suitable for long-term historical drought analysis.
Evaluating Climate Change Impacts on Soil Moisture and Groundwater Resources Within a Lake‐Affected Region

The impact of climate change on surface water resources is reasonably well studied. However, the impact on groundwater resources has only been considered by a few studies worldwide. Here we present an analysis of climate change impacts on groundwater resources in a well‐instrumented 6,800‐km2 watershed in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin. We employ a physics‐based modeling pipeline consisting of an ensemble of high‐resolution regional climate model projections based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the fully integrated three‐dimensional hydrologic model HydroGeoSphere. The Weather Research and Forecasting model is run at a resolution as fine as 10 km using two different physics configurations, while HydroGeoSphere simulates the terrestrial hydrosphere at subkilometer scale, from deep groundwater to surface water, including surface water‐groundwater interactions. The two Weather Research and Forecasting model physics configurations exhibit opposite climate change responses in summer precipitation. The hydrologic simulations follow the climate forcing, but due to the memory of the subsurface, differences in summer affect the entire seasonal cycle. In the drier climate scenario groundwater levels and recharge decline, while in the wetter scenario groundwater levels rise (recharge remains unchanged). Soil moisture changes accordingly, but primarily in late summer. It is also shown that the magnitude of climate change impacts on groundwater is strongly modulated by local physiographic features. In particular, regions where the groundwater table is deep (below 2 m; 15% of the area) show a high sensitivity to changes in climate forcing. Furthermore, changes in groundwater levels, recharge, and soil moisture typically occur in the same regions, suggesting potentially compounding impacts.
An Ecological Model of Environmental Justice for Recreation

Abstract Socioeconomic and racial-ethnic inequities in access to recreation settings are widely considered environmental justice (EJ) issues. Researchers in leisure, geography, urban planning, and other disciplines have published important theoretical contributions on EJ related to recreation and parks, but such contributions have not been examined conjointly to identify their broader implications. In this article, we use an integrated definition of EJ that includes distributional, procedural, and interactional justice to connect previous theoretical perspectives on EJ about recreation and parks. First, we present an ecological model of recreation that recognizes EJ. We use the ecological model to systematically analyze the policy, physical, social, and perceived environmental factors and the individual factors that impact marginalized people’s recreation participation. Second, we connect the EJ model to theory-relevant literature about recreation and parks. Third, we present future research areas on EJ for recreation and parks with key implications for advancing justice through policy change.
Snow albedo sensitivity to macroscopic surface roughness using a new ray tracing model

Abstract. Most models simulating snow albedo assume a flat and smooth surface, neglecting surface roughness. However, the presence of macroscopic roughness leads to a systematic decrease in albedo due to two effects: 1) photons are trapped in concavities (multiple reflection effect) and, 2) when the sun is low, the roughness sides facing the sun experience an overall decrease in the local incident angle relative to a smooth surface, promoting higher absorption, whilst the other sides has weak contributions because of the increased incident angle or because they are shadowed (called the effective angle effect here). This paper aims to quantify the impact of surface roughness on albedo and to assess the respective role of these two effects, with 1) observations over varying amounts of surface roughness, and 2) simulations using the new Rough Surface Ray Tracer (RSRT) model, based on a Monte Carlo method for photon transport calculation. The observations include spectral albedo (400–1050 nm) over manually-created roughness surfaces with multiple geometrical characteristics. Measurements highlight that even a low fraction of surface roughness features (7 % of the surface) causes an albedo decrease of 0.02 at 1000 nm when the solar zenith angle (Өs) is larger than 50°. For higher fractions (13 %, 27 % and 63 %), and when the roughness orientation is perpendicular to the sun, the decrease is of 0.03–0.04 at 700 nm and of 0.06–0.10 at 1000 nm. The impact is 20 % lower when roughness orientation is parallel to the sun. The observations are subsequently compared to RSRT simulations. Accounting for surface roughness improves the model observation agreement by a factor two at 700 nm and 1000 nm (errors of 0.03 and 0.04, respectively), compared to simulations considering a flat smooth surface. The model is used to explore the albedo sensitivity to surface roughness with varying snow properties and illumination conditions. Both multiple reflections and the effective angle effect have more impact with low SSA (