Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Enhances Motor Memory Retrieval.

INTRODUCTION In previous work, acute high-intensity aerobic exercise benefited continuous motor sequence task learning. As memory processes underlying motor sequence learning vary between tasks involving continuous and discrete movements, the objective of the current study was to determine whether the beneficial effects of acute aerobic exercise generalize to the learning of a discrete motor sequence task. METHODS Sixteen young healthy individuals practiced a discrete motor sequence task preceded by either a period of rest or a bout of high-intensity cycling. Participants moved a cursor with a computer mouse to a series of discretely presented targets on a screen. Target presentation followed either a repeated or a random sequence, which allowed the evaluation of implicit sequence-specific motor learning. The change in movement response time over practice (△-ACQ) and from practice to a 24-h "no-exercise" retention test (△-RET) and the rate of improvement over practice (α-ACQ) and during the retention test (α-RET) were calculated. RESULTS α-RET was greater for the repeated sequence than random sequences after aerobic exercise (P = 0.01), but not rest (P = 0.33). Further, α-RET for the repeated sequence was greater after aerobic exercise than for either sequence (repeated, random) in the rest condition (P ≤ 0.01). There were no differences between sequences and/or conditions for △-ACQ, △-RET, or α-RET (P ≥ 0.57). CONCLUSION Our findings show a positive effect of acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on implicit discrete motor sequence learning. Performing exercise before practice increased the rate of improvement at a 24-h delayed retention test, suggesting an effect on the rate of motor memory retrieval. Pairing acute aerobic exercise with motor practice may facilitate learning of discrete movement sequences in sport or rehabilitation settings.
Adult myelination: wrapping up neuronal plasticity

In this review, we outline the major neural plasticity mechanisms that have been identified in the adult central nervous system (CNS), and offer a perspective on how they regulate CNS function. In particular we examine how myelin plasticity can operate alongside neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity to influence information processing and transfer in the mature CNS.
What happens if nothing happens?--History of an untreated urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

UNLABELLED Bladder cancer is controllable when adequately diagnosed and treated according to current recommendations. Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is the standard therapy for muscle invasive tumors. In patients unfit or unwilling to get radical surgery, external beam or combined chemo-radiotherapy display alternative treatment options and can be safely performed. Every therapy implies the patient's disposition to cooperate. CASE PRESENTATION This case report describes the clinical course over 31 months after initial diagnosis of a 56-years-old Caucasian, white man with an initial pT1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The patient denied early radical cystectomy, radio-chemotherapy and almost all alternative treatment possibilities. He finally died 31 months after initial verification of the disease.
Bioinformatics Thousands of Cis-Regulatory Sequence Combinations Are Shared by Arabidopsis and Poplar 1 [ C ] [ W ] [ OA ]

The identification of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) can greatly advance our understanding of gene regulatory mechanisms. Despite the existence of binding sites of more than three transcription factors (TFs) in a CRM, studies in plants often consider only the cooccurrence of binding sites of one or two TFs. In addition, CRM studies in plants are limited to combinations of only a few families of TFs. It is thus not clear how widespread plant TFs work together, which TFs work together to regulate plant genes, and how the combinations of these TFs are shared by different plants. To fill these gaps, we applied a frequent patternmining-based approach to identify frequently used cis-regulatory sequence combinations in the promoter sequences of two plant species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and poplar (Populus trichocarpa). A cis-regulatory sequence here corresponds to a DNA motif bound by a TF. We identified 18,638 combinations composed of two to six cis-regulatory sequences that are shared by the two plant species. In addition, with known cis-regulatory sequence combinations, gene function annotation, gene expression data, and known functional gene sets, we showed that the functionality of at least 96.8% and 65.2% of these shared combinations in Arabidopsis are partially supported, under a false discovery rate of 0.1 and 0.05, respectively. Finally, we discovered that 796 of the 18,638 combinations might relate to functions that are important in bioenergy research. Our work will facilitate the study of gene transcriptional regulation in plants.
Physical Training Increases Muscle GLUT4 Protein and mRNA in Patients With NIDDM

Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) exhibit insulin resistance and decreased glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Total content of muscle GLUT4 protein is not affected by NIDDM, whereas GLUT4 mRNA content is reported, variously, to be unaffected or increased. Physical training is recommended in the treatment of NIDDM, but the effect of training on muscle GLUT4 protein and mRNA content is unknown. To clarify the effect of training in NIDDM, seven men with NIDDM (58 ± 2 years of age [mean ± SE]) and eight healthy men (59 ± 1 years of age) (control group) performed one-legged ergometer bicycle training for 9 weeks, 6 days/week, 30 min/day. Biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis leg muscle before and after training. GLUT4 protein analyses was performed along with analyses of muscle biopsies from five young (23 ± 1 years of age) (young group), healthy subjects who participated in a previously published identical study. In response to training, maximal oxygen uptake increased (Δ 3.3 ± 1.8 in NIDDM subjects and 4.5 ± 1.2 ml.min−1·kg−1 in control subjects [both P < 0.05]). Before training, GLUT4 protein content was similar in NIDDM, control, and young subjects (0.35 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.03, and 0.41 ± 0.03 arbitrary units, respectively), and it increased (P < 0.05) in all groups during training (to 0.43 ± 0.03, 0.40 ± 0.03, and 0.57 ± 0.08 arbitrary units, respectively). GLUT4 mRNA content was always lower in NIDDM compared with control subjects (P < 0.05) and increased in both groups (P < 0.05) during training (94 ± 6 to 122 ± 8 and 151 ± 5 to 170 ± 4 arbitrary units/10 μg total RNA, respectively). We conclude that muscle GLUT4 protein and mRNA increase in both NIDDM and control subjects in response to training. GLUT4 mRNA content is lower in NIDDM subjects compared with control subjects. GLUT4 protein content does not change with age.
A New Paradigm for Investigating Category-Specific Agnosia in the New Millennium

One of the most intriguing neuropsychological findings arising from the past two decades involves category-specific agnosia (CSA). In CSA, brain damage can cause identification deficits for some categories of objects while sparing others. CSA provides fundamental clues to how we represent and access memorial representations for the purpose of identification. Although advances have been made, closure on our understanding of category-specific agnosia awaits the new millennium. Outlined below is a recently developed paradigm that may help researchers achieve such closure. Warrington and Shallice (1984) introduced the field to patients who appeared to have more difficulty identifying animate than inanimate objects. It was this segregation of living and nonliving objects that captured the imagination of researchers. After all, when the delineation between recognizable and unrecognizable objects involves a distinction as broad as that between animate and inanimate objects, the nature of the organizing principles underlying such a boundary becomes an even more tantalizing problem. Identification problems with animate and inanimate objects have yielded a double dissociation. Using the same set of living and nonliving stimuli, Hillis and Caramazza (1991) reported one patient who was impaired on the living relative to the nonliving set, and another patient who showed the opposite pattern—more severe impairment on the nonliving set relative to the living set. Thus, CSA is unlikely to be an artifact of living and nonliving object sets being poorly matched on variables like familiarity and complexity. Caramazza and Shelton (1998) view CSA as arising from damage to dis-
Factorization Ranking Model for Fast Move Prediction in the Game of Go

In this thesis, we investigate the move prediction problem in the game of Go by proposing a new ranking model named Factorization Bradley Terry (FBT) model. This new model considers the move prediction problem as group competitions while also taking the interaction between features into account. A FBT model is able to provide a probability distribution that expresses a preference over moves. Therefore it can be easily compiled into an evaluation function and applied in a modern Go program. We propose a Stochastic Gradient Decent (SGD) algorithm to train a FBT model using expert game records, and provide two methods for fast computation of the gradient in order to speed up the training process. We also investigate the problem of integrating feature knowledge learned by the FBT model in Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Experimental results show that our FBT model outperforms the state-of-the-art fast move prediction system of Latent Factor Ranking, and it is useful in improving the performance of MCTS.
researchOutcome predictors and quality of life of severe burn patients admitted to intensive care unit

Background: Despite significant medical advances and improvement in overall mortality rate following burn injury, the treatment of patients with extensive burns remains a major challenge for intensivists. We present a study aimed to evaluate the shortand the long-term outcomes of severe burn patients (total body surface area, TBSA > 40%) treated in a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU) and to assess the quality of life of survivors, one year after the injury using the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Methods: A prospective-observational study was performed in an ICU of a University-affiliated hospital. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors predicting in-hospital mortality. The EQ-5D questionnaire was used to asses participant's long term self-reported general health. Results: During a period of five years, 50 patients participated in the study. Their mean age was 53.8 ± 19.8; they had a mean of %TBSA burned of 54.5 ± 18.1. 44% and 10% of patients died in the ICU and in the ward after ICU discharge, respectively. Baux index, SAPS II and SOFA on admission to the ICU, infectious and respiratory complications, and time of first burn wound excision were found to have a significant predictive value for hospital mortality. The level of health of all survivors was worse than before the injury. Problems in the five dimensions studied were present as follows: mobility (moderate 68.5%; extreme 0%), self-care (moderate 21%; extreme 36.9%), usual activities (moderate 68.5%; extreme 21%), pain/discomfort (moderate 68.5%; extreme 10.5%), anxiety/depression (moderate 36.9%; extreme
The Cultural Basis of Conceptual Metaphors: The Case of Emotions in Akan and English

Recent cross-cultural studies of conceptual metaphors in the cognitive linguistic tradition, particularly, those that concern emotion concepts, reveal both similarities and variation in the conceptualisation of emotion concepts across cultures. The cultural embodied prototype theory explains this phenomenon by positing that the conceptualisation of emotion concepts across cultures is grounded in both universal embodied cognition and culture-specific cognition. In this paper, within the general framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), I draw on evidence from languagespecific (Akan and English) elaborations of the two conceptual metaphors LOVE/RELATIONSHIP IS A JOURNEY and ANGER IS A HOT FLUID IN A CONTAINER. Based on this evidence, I argue in support of the cultural embodied cognition position that the universality principle may indeed be applicable at one level of conceptualisation only, namely the generic/schematic level. While universal human embodied cognition may be the basis for highly schematic conceptualisations of emotion across cultures, based on the principle of cultural embodiment, I argue that there are culture/language-specific construals or elaborations of such universal human schemas that are grounded in cultural salience (cultural embodiment). Linguistic data for analysis were elicited through focus group discussions to corroborate intuitively generated data for a conceptual metaphor analysis.
The effects of neuromuscular facilitation techniques on osteoporosis of hemiplegia limbs and serum leptin level in patients or rats with cerebral infarction

Abstract Primary objective: This study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques (NFT) on osteoporosis and serum leptin level in cerebral infarction patients or rats. Research design: Forty cerebral infarction rats were randomly grouped into control, sham operation, conventional treatment (CT) group and CT+NFT group. Fifty-two stroke patients with hemiplegia were included in this study. Methods and procedures: The bone mineral densities (BMD) of proximal hemiplegia limbs and serum ALP, BALP, BGP, IL-6 and leptin levels were detected using commercial kits. Main outcomes and results: In cerebral infarction rats, the BMD, BGP, BALP, ALP and leptin concentrations in the CT+NFT group was higher compared with the control and CT group, while serum IL-6 level was more reduced by CT+NFT than control and CT. In cerebral infarction patients, both CT and CT+NFT increased the BMD, ALP, BGP and leptin levels. In addition, compared with CT, the BMD, ALP, BGP and leptin levels were markedly increased by CT+NFT. C Conclusion: NFC elevated the BMD of hemiplegia limbs, serum ALP, BGP, IL-6 and leptin levels and, thus, alleviated osteoporosis in rats and patients with cerebral infarction.
Humoral immunity is involved in the development of pericentral fibrosis after pediatric live donor liver transplantation

Yamada H, Kondou H, Kimura T, Ikeda K, Tachibana M, Hasegawa Y, Kiyohara Y, Ueno T, Miyoshi Y, Mushiake S, Ozono K. Humoral immunity is involved in the development of pericentral fibrosis after pediatric live donor liver transplantation.
The best preferred product location recommendation according to user context and the preferences

Currently the Smartphones are more popular among the community with the available technologies such as sensor-based interactions and smart apps. The other kinds of trends in such apps lead on context awareness and the personalization for recommending the services for the users based on their context and the preferences. Further, the researches are going on tracking the location of a person and guiding them to the nearby places where the products and the services are available according to their preferences. To accomplish such tasks, tracking and analyzing of the user preferences on different categories of products is required. This paper describes a mobile-based solution; NavToPref where the user preferences and the contextual information are gathered from their mobile phones and recommend and guide them to the nearby locations where the most preferred products are available. Analyzing the metadata of the sites of the frequently and mostly searched products, their top preferred categories of products are identified. This is done by the analysis of the browsing history. Further from their mobile devices, their own contextual information such as whether, location, identified special events from the Google calendar are collected to achieve more personalization on product recommendation. By analyzing the identified preferred products and the user context at the moment, the best preferred product/service locations are notified in the Google map with the shortest path for each product location from the users current location and allows the user to navigate to such locations. If someone is looking for a best promotional deal for shopping, that information is notified along with the recommendation.
Magnitude of type I error when single-locus linkage analysis is maximized over models: a simulation study.

It is well known that maximizing the maximum LOD score over multiple parameter values or models (i.e., the method of mod scores, or MMLS), will inflate type I error, compared with assuming only one parameter value/model in the linkage analysis. On the other hand, a mod score often has greater power to detect linkage than does a LOD score (Z) calculated under a wrong genetic model. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the actual magnitude of type I error in realistic genetic situations. Simulated data sets with no linkage were generated under three dominant and three recessive single-locus models, with reduced penetrance (f = .8, .5, and .2). Data sets were analyzed for linkage by (1) maximizing over penetrance only, (2) maximizing over "dominance model" (i.e., dominant versus recessive), and (3) maximizing over both penetrance and dominance model simultaneously. In (1), the resultant significance levels were approximately doubled, compared with baseline values if one had not maximized over penetrances (i.e., compared with a one-sided chi2(1)). In (2), significance levels were increased somewhat less, and, in (3), they were increased by approximately two to three times (but not more than four times) over those of the one-sided chi2(1). This means that, for a given size of test alpha, an investigator would need to increase the Z used as a test criterion, by approximately 0.30 LOD units for analyses as in (1) or (2) and by 0.60 Z units for analyses as in (3). These guidelines, which are valid up to approximately Z = 3.0, are conservative for (1) and are very conservative for (2) and (3). By quantifying the increase in significance level (or, correspondingly, the increase in Z), our findings will enable users to rationally assess the advantages versus the disadvantages of mod scores.
Quantifying Exposure to Diagnostic Radiation and Factors Associated With Exposure to High Levels of Radiation in Korean Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background:Several recent studies have revealed that diagnostic imaging can result in exposure to potentially harmful levels of ionizing radiation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these studies have been conducted exclusively in Western countries, and no data are available in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic radiation exposure in Korean patients with IBD and to determine the factors associated with high radiation exposure. Methods:Patients with an established diagnosis of IBD between July 1987 and January 2012 were investigated in 13 university hospitals in Korea. The cumulative effective dose (CED) was calculated retrospectively from standard tables. Results:A total of 777 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 1422 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were included in the study. The mean CED for CD and UC were 53.6 and 16.4 mSv, respectively (P < 0.001). CTof CD and UC accounted for 81.6% and 71.2% of total effective dose, respectively. Importantly, 34.7% of patients with CD and 8.4% of patients with UC were exposed to high levels of radiation (CED > 50 mSv) (P < 0.001). High radiation exposure was associated with long disease duration, ileocolonic disease, upper gastrointestinal tract involvement, surgical intervention, hospitalization, and the requirement for oral steroids in CD, and with surgical intervention, hospitalization, and the requirement for infliximab in UC. Conclusions:A substantial proportion of patients with IBD, especially patients with CD, were exposed to significantly harmful amounts of diagnostic radiation, mainly as a result of CT examination. Given that IBD is a life-long illness, strategies to reduce radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging need to be considered.
New aspects of ketone bodies in energy metabolism of dairy cows: a review.

Increased lipolysis, low insulin/glucagon ratios and malonyl-CoA concentrations are prerequisites for ketogenesis. From an aetiological viewpoint, there are two quite different types of metabolic disorders in which ketosis can occur, the hypoglycaemic-hypoinsulinaemic and the hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic type. The former, Type I, generally occurs 3-6 weeks after calving in cows whose milk secretion is so extensive that the demand for glucose exceeds the capacity for glucose production. To protect the body from hazardous protein degradation by a high rate of gluconeogenesis, this process is inhibited and the increased energy requirements are met by the elevated utilization of ketone bodies. In this strong catabolic metabolic state the plasma levels of glucose and insulin are very low, the levels of ketone bodies are high and there are small risks for fat accumulation in the liver cells. The hyperglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic form, Type II, generally occurs earlier in lactation. An important aetiologic factor is overfeeding in the dry period, which can lead to disturbances in the hormonal adaptation of metabolism at calving with increased plasma levels of insulin and glucose and often out not always also with hyperketonaemia. If combined with stress, there may be increased lipolysis in adipose tissues, lipid synthesis and accumulation in the liver, i.e. the development of fatty liver. This hyperglycaemic form of disturbance has many similarities with the initial stage of non-insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetes in humans. It has been shown that ketone bodies inhibit protein degradation and thereby gluconeogenesis and also are able to spare glucose by inhibiting glucose utilization. They also can inhibit lipolysis and function as a regulatory safety system, replacing insulin, in situations when the activity of this hormone is low, as in Type I ketosis. Ketone bodies thus have important functions as substrates replacing glucose in many tissues and also as signal substances in the regulation of energy metabolism.
Feed Forms of Different Particle Sizes : Effects on Growth Performance , Carcass Characteristics , and Intestinal Villus Morphology of Cockerel Chickens

This study determined the effect of feed forms of different particle sizes on growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal villus morphology of cockerel chickens. A total of 180 day old cockerel chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups of crumbs and pellets with 1mm and 2 mm feed particle sizes, subdivided into 3 replicates and subjected to Completely Randomized Design in a 2x2 factorial experimental layout. The birds were brooded for 14 days and thereafter maintained for 98 days experimental period. In the performance, significant (P<0.05) effects were obtained in the protein intake (g /bird/day) and protein efficiency ratio between birds fed 1 mm and 2 mm feed particle sizes, respectively. Similarly, the interaction gave the best (P<0.05) protein efficiency ratio (1.64) in birds fed 1 mm particlesized pellets. Villus height of jejunum had higher values in crumbs of 1 mm (985.00 μm), 2 mm (805.00 μm) feed particle sizes and pellets of 1 mm particle sizes than crumbs of 2 mm feed particle sizes (135.00 μm). It was recommended that pelletized feed up to 2 mm particle size should be adopted for cockerel production. (