Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Local Grapevine Germplasm: Exploitation of Natural Defence Mechanisms to Biotic Stresses

The history of human civilization is closely intertwined with the development of viticulture, considering the consumption of grapevine fresh fruits and their use for wine-making since Neolithic Age. Evidences are given by the archeobotanical discovers of ancient seeds be‐ longing to Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa (domestic grape) and Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (wild grape) and by the discovery of wine jars and primitive stone wine presses, known locally as “pestarole” [1-2]. These evidences suggest that wine production was initially dependent from the collection of wild fruits, and subsequently from the cultivation of plants derived from the domestication of the Eurasian grapevine. Probably grapevine domestication occur‐ red in different areas, from most ancient Anatolian and Caucasian centers to recent west Mediterranean basin and Central-Europe centers. The study of grapevine domestication is complicated by the presence of large para-domestication areas where wild plants were pro‐ tected for fruit utilization [3]. Grapevine domestication was significant for the development of Mediterranean agriculture, based on cereal-olive-grape cultivations, typical of Greek and Roman civilizations. During the Middle-Age grape cultivation was maintained by monks as wine is bound to Christian liturgy. During late Middle-Age a description of grape varieties used for the production of high value wines was drawn [4] and among listed varieties, some are currently cultivated. The diffusion through the Europe of several grape pathogens dur‐ ing XIX century, such as downy and powdery mildew, caused the end of the ancient vitivi‐ niculture, the erosion of grape genetic variability and the increase of chemicals used for plant disease protection.
Management of small cell lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition).

PURPOSES This guideline is for the management of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is based on currently available information. As part of the guideline, an evidence-based review of the literature was commissioned that enables the reader to assess the evidence as we have attempted to put the clinical implications into perspective. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the available literature and the previous American College of Chest Physicians guidelines of SCLC. Controversial and less understood areas of the management of SCLC were then subject to an exhaustive review of the literature and detail analyses. Experts in evidence-based analyses compiled the accompanying systematic review titled "Evidence for Management of SCLC. " The evidence was then assessed by a panel of experts to incorporate "clinical relevance. " The resultant guidelines were then scored according to the grading system outlined by the American College of Chest Physicians grading system task force. RESULTS SCLC accounts for 13 to 20% of all lung cancers. Highly smoking related and initially responsive to treatment, it leads to death rapidly in 2 to 4 months without treatment. SCLC is staged as limited-stage and extensive-stage disease. Limited-stage disease is treated with curative intent with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with approximately 20% of patients achieving a cure. For all patients with limited-stage disease, median survival is 16 to 22 months. Extensive-stage disease is primarily treated with chemotherapy with a high initial response rate of 60 to 70% but with a median survival of 10 months. All patients achieving a complete remission should be offered prophylactic cranial irradiation. Relapsed or refractory SCLC has a uniformly poor prognosis. CONCLUSION In this section, evidence-based guidelines for the staging and treatment of SCLC are outlined. Limited-stage SCLC is treated with curative intent. Extensive-stage SCLC has high initial responses to chemotherapy but with an ultimately dismal prognosis with few survivors beyond 2 years.
Natural history of neuromuscular properties after stroke: a longitudinal study

Background: A rigorous description of the time course of changes in neuromuscular properties after stroke may help us to understand the mechanisms underlying major motor impairments, and it will also help us track the efficacy of rehabilitation treatments. Such time course data have not been collected to date, primarily because of the lack of accurate tools for separating muscular and neural functional measures. Objective: To characterise the time course of changes in elbow neuromuscular properties in hemiparetic stroke survivors over a 1 year period. Methods: Using a system identification technique based on mechanical perturbations of elbow angle, we estimated intrinsic mechanical properties of muscles and stretch reflex parameters at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke, at different mean elbow joint angles. Results: There were substantial and progressive changes in intrinsic and reflex stiffness in paretic elbow muscles, at all five selected time points, and over a range of mean joint angles. Two temporal patterns of change in these neuromuscular properties were identified. In the first, intrinsic and reflex stiffness increased continuously after the stroke while in the second, intrinsic stiffness decreased continuously over this 12 month interval. Conclusions: These different recovery patterns may reflect the emergence of two simultaneous but potentially opposing mechanisms; brain recovery and changes in peripheral neuromuscular properties. One consequence is that global joint stiffness measures may be misleading as opposing contributions from intrinsic and reflex neuromuscular subcomponents may confound our interpretation of the mean joint stiffness estimates.
Efficacy of Octreotide Acetate in Treatment of Severe Postgastrectomy Dumping Syndrome

The present study evaluates the cute and chronic use of a long-acting somatostatln analog, octreotide acetate, in the treatment of patients with severe postgastrectomy dumping syndrome. In the acute phase, 10 patients with severe dumping were studied over 2 consecutive days before and for 3 hours after the ingestion of a ‘dumping breakfast’ In a randomized double-blind fashion. On one day octreotide (100 μg) was given snbcutaneously 30 minutes before the test meal and on the other day an equal volume of vehicle was injected. An additional group of six postgastrectomy patients without dumping were studied in a similar fashion aad these acted as controls. During placebo treatment the test meal resulted in an immediate increase (p < 0.01) In the pulse rate and in plasma levels of glucose, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, and Insulin. Similar changes were seen in the control group with respect to placebo; however glucagon and nurotensin (p < 0.05) did not show the same magnitude of increase as see' with placebo. Treatment with octreotide acetate prevented the development of both vasomotor and gastrointestinal symptoms and completely ablated all of the above responses in plasma peptides. These changes were associated with complete Marion of diarrhea (p < 0.001). Pretreatment with octreotide acetate completely suppressed the rise in plasma Insulin response to the meal and thb ablated the late hypogrycemla of dumping. Treatment with octreotide acetate resulted In delayed gastric emptying and transit time (578 ± 244 minutes) versus 76 ± 23 minutes with placebo and 125 ± 36 minutes In controls (p. < 0.05). Chronic daily treatment with octreotide acetate resulted in minimal side effects. These patients demonstrated a stable fasting plasma glucose, normal liver function tests, and an average weight gain of 11% during a 12-month period. In addition most patients were able to resume employment. The long-acting somatostatin analog, octreotide acetate, Is highly effective in preventing the development of symptoms of severe dumping syndrome, both vasomotor and gastrointestinal.
Meeting market demand in the organic sector: Handler–supplier relationships in the face of tight supply

Abstract Periodic shortfalls of organic food have been commonplace in the USA. Shortages, created when demand grows faster than supply, have been exacerbated by relatively slow growth of certified organic farmland (in comparison to growth in retail sales) over the past decade. Organic intermediaries, referred to as handlers in the US national organic standards, work with farmers and other handlers in moving organic products along the supply chain, and are often the first to feel the effects of tight supplies at the farm level. These firms have a variety of mechanisms available to procure needed ingredients when organic products are in short supply: contracts with suppliers, encouraging suppliers to transition to organic, working with suppliers to increase their output, working with new suppliers, providing technical assistance with organic standards and production methods, and making less than load shipment arrangements with suppliers. Survey data collected from certified organic handlers are used to identify characteristics that make it more likely that an organic handler will undertake activities with suppliers to affect the supply of organic products. Handlers most likely to work with their suppliers had been in business for longer periods of time, bought from growers or grower cooperatives, and were more likely to be wholesalers. Handlers who consider price as important were less likely to undertake activities with their supplies to increase the supply or flow of organic products.
Gower handbook of call and contact centre management

Contents: List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Foreword, Anne-Marie Forsyth Introduction, Natalie Calvert Acknowledgements, Natalie Calvert. Part I The Business Plan: Vision and strategy, Rob Pike Putting the customer at the heart of your contact centre, David Rance Financial planning and budgeting, Tony McSweeney The contact centre environment, Clive McAfee Case study: intelligent finance, Jim Spowart. Part II The People Factor: The contact centre manager, Cheryl Black The role of the team leader, Angela Hunter Coaching, Archie Shevlin Recruiting the right teams, Kai McCabe Building a training and development strategy, Sally Pollock et al Performance management, Michael Esau Working conditions, Donald MacDonald Retaining staff, Greg Wilkie. Part III Contact Centre Technology: Contact centre technology in context, Steve Pink The history of call distribution, John Taylor Convergence of voice and data, David Mackenzie From call to contact centre, Markus Recker Predictive dialling summary, Colin Chave Automated call handling, Caroline Griffiths Integrated messaging into the customer contact centre, Andy Barker Customer management in practice, Dave Howard Self-service, Peter McCarthy Quality management: technology perspective, Paul Smedley and John Wilkinson. Part IV Standards, Processes and Outsourcing: The CCA standard framework, Colin MacKay Developing customer-centric processes, Stephen Parry Workforce management process, Simon Priestley Resource management, Carol Borghesi Quality monitoring and service improvement, Costas Johnson Outsourcing, Mike Havard. Part V Building Profitable Customer Relationships: Creating profitable customer interactions, David Seccombe The inside-sales force, Richard Stollery High-impact telemarketing, Fabienne Tyler Managing campaigns, Laurin McDonald et al. Part VI The Future: The information revolution, Graham Whitehead Preparing for tomorrow's customer, Melanie Howard. Glossary Useful addresses Index.
End-of-life care and dying: issues raised by staff supporting older people with intellectual disability in community living services.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the current status of end-of-life care and dying of people with intellectual disability based on the experiences of staff in community living services. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted, guided by grounded theory methodology. RESULTS The current status of end-of-life care and dying comprised five key 'issues': knowledge of dying, ethical values, the where of caring, the how of caring and post-death caring. These issues occurred in relationship with 'partners', including the dying person, other clients, fellow staff, family, external health services and the coroner. CONCLUSIONS End-of-life care represents a complex interaction between the care issues and the partners involved in care. Despite this complexity, staff were committed to the provision of end-of-life care.
Unitary ototoxic gentamicin exposure may not disrupt the function of cochlear outer hair cells in mice

Abstract Background: Previous study showed that mild ototoxic exposure could induce a reversible hearing impairment, and the loss and secondary incomplete recovery of cochlear ribbon synapses could be responsible for the hearing loss. However, it remains unclear whether cochlear outer hair cells’ (OHCs) functions are affected. Objective: To verify whether the function of OHCs are also affected significantly after the ototoxic exposure. Methods: Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg concentration of gentamicin daily for 14 days. Distortion Product of Oto-acoustic Emission (DPOAE) was detected at control (pre-treatment), Day 0, day 4, day 7, day 14 and day 28 after the ototoxic exposure, respectively. In addition, the morphology of OHCs was observed by electron microscopy, OHCs has been counted by light microscopy, and the hearing thresholds were detected by auditory brain response (ABR). Results: No significant changes have been found in OHC and OHC stereocilia among the experimental groups (p > .05). Further, no significant changes or loss was found in the morphology of OHCs either. However, we found ABR threshold elevations occurred after ototoxic exposure. Conclusions: Unitary ototoxic gentamicin exposure may not disrupt the function of cochlear OHCs in mice, regardless of hearing loss identified in this ototoxic exposure.
Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Correlations with serum lipid levels, adiposity, and serum insulin level.

A group of 101 diabetic patients containing equal numbers of patients with and without clinical atherosclerosis and 104 control subjects of similar age and sex were studied. The diabetic patients with atherosclerosis were found to have higher triglyceride and cholesterol levels, higher insulin-glucose ratios, and a higher frequency of pre-β band staining on lipoprotein electrophoresis than diabetic patients without atherosclerosis or control subjects. Diabetic patients with atherosclerosis could be discriminated better from those without atherosclerosis by the use of triglyceride levels than by the use of cholesterol levels. Segregated arbitrarily into three categories of body weight, diabetic patients with atherosclerosis had higher triglyceride levels than similarly classified diabetic patients without atherosclerosis. Basal insulin levels, triglyceride levels, and indices of body weight were highly intercorrelated in the diabetic patients with atherosclerosis. However, fasting levels of serum insulin were similar in the two groups of diabetic patients. There was no clear relationship
Biologie du sanglier en montagne : biodémographie, occupation de l'espace et régime alimentaire

Les populations de sangliers (sus scrofa) ont connu recemment une augmentation rapide des effectifs dans les secteurs d'altitude elevee. Cette evolution s'est traduite par une recrudescence des degats en zones d'alpage. Afin de comprendre les mecanismes proximaux susceptibles d'expliquer un tel phenomene, la biodemographie, l'occupation de l'espace et le regime alimentaire du sanglier ont ete etudies. En montagne, le sanglier est sedentaire et occupe l'espace de maniere fragmentee, ce qui peut se traduire par l'existence de migrations altitudinales. La chasse influence fortement les modalites d'occupation de l'espace. En particulier nous decrivons l'existence de zones refuges dans les domaines vitaux des animaux. Enfin, comme en plaine, des deplacements plus marques sont mis en evidence chez les individus mâles. Au niveau alimentaire, de fortes variations de la composition du regime sont trouvees au fil de l'annee, aussi bien au niveau saisonnier que mensuel. La forte variabilite inter-annuelle connue en plaine, est retrouvee. Un effet de l'altitude est montre sur la composition du regime alimentaire. Enfin, une analyse specifique de la consommation de lombriciens indique l'importance de cet item dans l'alimentation du sanglier en montagne. La croissance observee en milieu de montagne est similaire a celle connue en plaine. Cependant les mise-bas tardives conduisent a un âge de premiere reproduction retarde en montagne. Enfin la taille de portee observee est comparable a celle habituellement trouvee pour cette espece en France.
Evaluation of craniofacial proportions: A pilot study

Background: Regarding the need for determining the cephalometric norms for each population and the advantages of proportional analyses, we evaluated the variables of McNamara and Schwartz analyses and their relation in a pilot study on 6-17 years old Iranian students and provided formulas, which show these relations. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a tatal of cephalometric radiographs from the archive documents of Orthodontic Department of Isfahan Dental School was selected and traced. The variables of McNamara and Schwartz analyses were investigated. The data were analyzed by t-test and linear regression and Spearman correlation coefficient tests using SPSS 12 software, and the significance was set at 0.05. Then, a formula was suggested for predicting the relation between the jaws, cranium and face. Results: The variables measured in this study were significantly different between the genders (P < 0.05), except for Co-Gn (P = 0.055), and they were higher in boys. All variables significantly increased (P < 0.05) with age from 6 to 17 years. The formulas presented in this study can be used for calculating the amount of PNS-APmax, Go-APmax and the Co-Gn, anterior nasal spine-menton in the Iranian population. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the formula presented in this study might be considered to predict the relation between jaw dimensions and cranial base and facial dimensions in the Iranian population.
Evolution of a Complex Locus for Terpene Biosynthesis in Solanum[W][OPEN]

A region on chromosome 8 of several Solanum species contains genes for terpene synthases and cis-prenyl transferases, the latter encoding the enzymes that catalyze the formation of the substrates used by enzymes encoded by the former. Detailed sequence and biochemical analyses identify molecular events that gave rise to distinct gene composition and function in the different Solanum species. Functional gene clusters, containing two or more genes encoding different enzymes for the same pathway, are sometimes observed in plant genomes, most often when the genes specify the synthesis of specialized defensive metabolites. Here, we show that a cluster of genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum; Solanaceae) contains genes for terpene synthases (TPSs) that specify the synthesis of monoterpenes and diterpenes from cis-prenyl diphosphates, substrates that are synthesized by enzymes encoded by cis-prenyl transferase (CPT) genes also located within the same cluster. The monoterpene synthase genes in the cluster likely evolved from a diterpene synthase gene in the cluster by duplication and divergence. In the orthologous cluster in Solanum habrochaites, a new sesquiterpene synthase gene was created by a duplication event of a monoterpene synthase followed by a localized gene conversion event directed by a diterpene synthase gene. The TPS genes in the Solanum cluster encoding cis-prenyl diphosphate–utilizing enzymes are closely related to a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; Solanaceae) diterpene synthase encoding Z-abienol synthase (Nt-ABS). Nt-ABS uses the substrate copal-8-ol diphosphate, which is made from the all-trans geranylgeranyl diphosphate by copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase (Nt-CPS2). The Solanum gene cluster also contains an ortholog of Nt-CPS2, but it appears to encode a nonfunctional protein. Thus, the Solanum functional gene cluster evolved by duplication and divergence of TPS genes, together with alterations in substrate specificity to utilize cis-prenyl diphosphates and through the acquisition of CPT genes.
Hydroxylation and biodegradation of 6-methylquinoline by pseudomonads in aqueous and nonaqueous immobilized-cell bioreactors

Selective culturing of pseudomonads that could degrade quinoline led to enrichment cultures and pure cultures with expanded substrate utilization and transformation capabilities for substituted quinolines in immobilized and batch cultures. Immobilized cells of the pseudomonad cultures rapidly transformed quinolines to hydroxyquinolines in bioreactors and were able to tolerate higher substrate concentrations compared with batch cultures. After prolonged incubation on a mixture of quinoline and 6-methylquinoline, a quinoline-degrading culture of Pseudomonas putida developed the ability to biodegrade 6-methylquinoline, which initially was resistant to microbial attack, as a sole source of carbon and energy. 6-Methylquinoline was also degraded in a nonaqueous solution by this strain of P. putida when a solution of 6-methylquinoline in decane was flowed through an immobilized-cell fixed-bed bioreactor.
Computing Versal Deformations

In recent years I have computed versal deformations of various singularities, partly by hand, but mostly with the program Macaulay. I expla in here how to do these computations. As an application I discuss the smoothability of a certain curve singularity, a case I had not been to settle with general methods. As a result I find an example of a reduced curve singularity with several smoothing components.
Identification of a sequence required for efficient packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA into virions

Sequences required for efficient packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome RNA into virus particles were identified. Deletion of 19 base pairs between the 5' long terminal repeat and the gag gene initiation codon of HIV-1 resulted in a virus markedly attenuated for replication in human T lymphocytes. The mutant virus was characterized by nearly wild-type ability to encode viral proteins and to produce virion particles. The mutant virions exhibited a significant reduction in the content of HIV-1-specific RNA. These results identify an important component of the HIV-1 packaging signal.
Detection of arboviruses of public health interest in free-living New World primates (Sapajus spp.; Alouatta caraya) captured in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION A sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken to detect the circulation of arboviruses in free-living non-human primates. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 16 non-human primates (13 Sapajus spp. and three Alouatta caraya) that were captured using terrestrial traps and anesthetic darts in woodland regions in the municipalities of Campo Grande, Aquidauana, Jardim, Miranda and Corumbá in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The samples were sent to the Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) in Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil, to detect antibodies against 19 species of arboviruses using a hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). RESULTS Of the 16 primates investigated in the present study, five (31.2%) were serologically positive for an arbovirus. Of these five, two (12.5%) exhibited antibodies to the Flavivirus genus, one (6.2%) exhibited a monotypic reaction to Cacipacoré virus, one (6.2%) was associated with Mayaro virus, and one (6.2%) was positive for Oropouche virus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the positive serology observed in the present study, it was possible to conclude that arboviruses circulate among free-living primates. The viruses in the areas studied might have been introduced by infected humans or by primates from endemic or enzootic areas. Studies of this nature, as well as efficient and continuous surveillance programs, are needed to monitor viral activities in endemic and enzootic regions.