Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment of Households in Santiago, Chile: Environmental Hotspots and Policy Analysis

The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of household life cycles in Santiago, Chile, by household income level. The assessment considered scenarios associated with environmental policies. The life cycle assessment was cradle-to-grave, and the functional unit considered all the materials and energy required to meet an inhabitant’s needs for one year (1 inh/year). Using SimaPro 9.1 software, the Recipe Midpoint (H) methodology was used. The impact categories selected were global warming, fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, mineral resource scarcity, and fossil resource scarcity. The inventory was carried out through the application of 300 household surveys and secondary information. The main environmental sources of households were determined to be food consumption, transport, and electricity. Food consumption is the main source, responsible for 33% of the environmental impacts on global warming, 69% on terrestrial acidification, and 29% on freshwater eutrophication. The second most crucial environmental hotspot is private transport, whose contribution to environmental impact increases as household income rises, while public transport impact increases in the opposite direction. In this sense, both positive and negative environmental effects can be generated by policies. Therefore, life-cycle environmental impacts, the synergy between policies, and households’ socio-economic characteristics must be considered in public policy planning and consumer decisions.
Dihydroartemisinin attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in rats by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has induced a worldwide pandemic since early 2020. COVID-19 causes pulmonary inflammation secondary to pulmonary fibrosis (PF); however, there are still no effective treatments for PF. The present study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on pulmonary inflammation and PF, and its molecular mechanism. Morphological changes and collagen deposition were analyzed using hematoxylin‑eosin staining, Masson staining, and the hydroxyproline content. DHA attenuated early alveolar inflammation and later PF in a bleomycin-induced rat PF model, and inhibited the expression of interleukin (IL) ‑1β, IL -6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 3 (CCL3) in model rat serum. Further molecular analysis revealed that both pulmonary inflammation and PF were associated with increased transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Janus activated kinase 2 (JAK2), and signal transducer and activator 3(STAT3) expression in the lung tissues of model rats. DHA reduces the inflammatory response and PF in the lungs by suppressing TGF-β1, JAK2, phosphorylated (p)-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 degradation. Thus, DHA exerts therapeutic effects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and PF by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 activation. Thus, DHA inhibits alveolar inflammation, and attenuates lung injury and fibrosis, possibly representing a therapeutic candidate to treat COVID-19.
Saudi Pre-Service Special Education Teachers’ Knowledge and Perceptions Toward Using Computer Technology

The authors investigated pre-service special education teachers’ prior experience in using computers and their perception of the knowledge, and their preparedness toward integrating computer technology in teaching, barriers in integrating computer technology in their teaching practices and the level of confidence teachers gained from using technology applications in teaching. Fifty-eight pre-service special education female teachers from a college of education in Saudi Arabia responded to a needs assessment survey. Most participants had more than eight years of experience in using computers. They reported that they are able to integrate computer technologies in their teaching but acknowledged the need for more training courses. The barriers mentioned were a lack of equipment, lack of practice, and lack of maintenance. The findings of this research reveal that there is a need to intensify or enhance the technology courses in programs that prepare special education teachers and focus on the practical aspects of integrating technology in teaching.
Implementation of Secure Sampled Value (SeSV) Messages in Substation Automation System

IEC61850 is the mainstream of the development for substation automation. This paper presents a practical consideration and analysis for implementing a secure sampled measured value (SeSV) message in substation automation system. Due to the lack of security features in the standard, IEC Working Group 15 of Technical Committee 57 published IEC62351 on security for IEC61850 profiles. However, the use of authentication methods for SV based on IEC62351 standards are still not integrated, and computational capabilities and performance are not validated and tested with commercial grade equipment. Hence, this paper shows the performance of security feature enabled SeSV packets transmitted between protection and control devices by appending a message authentication code (MAC) to the extended IEC61850 packets. A prototype implementation on a low cost commodity embedded system has proved that the MAC-enabled SV message can fully secure the process bus communication in the digital substation with negligible time delay.
Morpho-Phonological Patterns of Recent Korean Neologisms

This paper analyzes the morpho-phonological patterns of recent Korean neologisms used in SNS text messages. To this end, we use the data appearing in recent newspapers and online dictionaries showing the most recent usages since 2017. During the discussion, we categorize the data into several groups and show the statistical distribution, demonstrating the dominant preference of the acronyms. We also argue that the acronyms can be coined, based not only on syllables but also on consonants including the so-called “zero” consonant <o>. We claim that this unique consonantal acronym is possible due to the unique Korean writing system which goes back to the 15 th century. Furthermore, the unique graphic characteristics of the Korean writing system is reflected in a new trendy neologism, so called “ Yaminjeongeum ”, creating those words whose orthographic forms look similar to the original words only in shape, without carrying any meaning. Finally, we conclude the paper by claiming that the main tendencies in recent neologisms can be defined as a new bilingualism as the youngsters occasionally code-switch between standard usages and neologisms. This new trend is basically initiated by the school children and teenagers. They enjoy using the newly coined words to highlight homogeneity, i.e., for sense of closeness within a peer group. In some cases, moreover, they also enjoy the vulgarity of slang.
Shredding JSON Data into Relational Environment

The use of JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) as a data format has expanded significantly in the last couple of years. The reason for this expansion is that JSON can represent structured as well as semi-structured data in a simple way. Storing JSON documents into relational tables is an obvious next step, because that way features of RDBMSs, such as transaction processing and recovery mechanisms, can be used. In this paper we compare representatives of two groups of mapping techniques: the family of Argo algorithms and the family of XML-to-Relational storage algorithms, which can be used to store JSON documents, too. Our results show that the former outperforms the latter in relation to time efficiency, while the XML-to-Relational storage algorithm needs less disk memory to load JSON data.
Superheroes Social Skills: A Comparison of Video Only and Full Curriculum on Social Skill Use

A substantial number of multicomponent interventions have been developed to address social functioning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For multicomponent interventions, identifying critical elements of the intervention related to behavior change is critical and may potentially improve the social validity of interventions. Such an analysis of the Superheroes Social Skills program was conducted. Three participants with ASD and one participant without a diagnosis participated in a 4-week intervention in which three target social skills were taught. Participants were first exposed to only the video-based elements of intervention, followed by participation in the full curriculum. Results of the study indicated that exposure to video elements often resulted in limited increases in skill accuracy, but the largest increases were observed during training with the full curriculum. Limitations and future directions are discussed with respect to multicomponent interventions for individuals with ASD.
Identifying a Typology of New York City Schools Through Teacher Perceptions of Organizational Capacity: A Latent Class Analysis

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify a typology of school organizational capacities using teachers’ perceptions of school organizational context. Employing a sample of New York City schools serving students in grades 3–8 (n = 1,289), we perform a 3-step latent class analysis (LCA). We identify six subgroups of schools: versatile (31%), demoralized (19%), developing (15%), collaborative, (13%), responsive (11%), and controlled (11%). These subgroups are associated with school and student characteristics. Controlling for these characteristics, teacher perceptions of school context are also associated with student outcomes. This typology has policy implications for those seeking to differentiate school supports.
A Systematic Deep Learning Model Selection for P300-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces

Predicting attention-modulated brain responses is a major area of investigation in brain–computer interface (BCI) research that aims to translate neural activities into useful control and communication commands. Such studies involve collecting electroencephalographic (EEG) data from subjects to train classifiers for decoding users’ mental states. However, various sources of inter or intrasubject variabilities in brain signals render training classifiers in BCI systems challenging. From a machine learning perspective, this model training generally follows a common methodology: 1) apply some type of feature extraction, which can be time-consuming and may require domain knowledge and 2) train a classifier using extracted features. The advent of deep learning technologies has offered unprecedented opportunities to not only construct remarkably accurate classifiers but also to integrate the feature extraction stage into the classifier construction. Although integrating feature extraction, which is generally domain-dependent, into the classifier construction is a considerable advantage of deep learning models, the process of architecture selection for BCIs generally depends on domain knowledge. In this study, we examine the feasibility of conducting a systematic model selection combined with mainstream deep learning architectures to construct accurate classifiers for decoding P300 event-related potentials. In particular, we present the results of 232 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) (4 datasets $\times58$ structures), 36 long short-term memory cells (LSTMs) (4 datasets $\times9$ structures), and 320 hybrid CNN-LSTM models (4 datasets $\times80$ structures) of varying complexity. Our empirical results show that in the classification of P300 waveforms, the constructed predictive models can outperform the current state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, which are partially or entirely inspired by domain knowledge. The source codes and constructed models are available at https://github.com/berdakh/P3Net.
Interplay for change in equality, diversity and inclusion studies

In equality, diversity and inclusion studies, there is often an underlying assumption that research will advance equality and inclusion. Yet scholars increasingly point to a gap between theory and practice to achieve change. While paradigmatic differences in how change is framed may in part account for this gap, we argue that ‘action knowledges’ drawn from different paradigms are both important and ‘commensurable’ once a change agenda is adopted. Placing these in tension, we develop an interplay requiring scholars to engage differences in both ontology and ideology to ‘see’ the change knowledge in other paradigms. A ‘fifth knowledge’ for research to combat inequality and contribute to more equitable organizations can result from engaging with the dynamic tensions identified in our analysis.
Payments for ecosystem services within the hybrid governance model: evaluating policy alignment and complementarity on California rangelands

Governance of global natural resources is increasingly hybrid, with complementary public and private sector initiatives layered on landscapes to improve environmental outcomes. The challenge of polycentric land use governance is alignment of goals across diverse governance mechanisms when agricultural producers, public agencies, and corporations have distinct motivations. This case study of soil carbon governance on California rangelands explores a new payment for ecosystem services (PES) initiative led by the food and agriculture industry, called the Ecosystem Services Market Consortium (ESMC). Applying hybrid governance theory to agricultural lands, we conduct an ex-ante policy evaluation of potential policy impact based on (i) alignment between corporate sustainability goals and ranchers’ priorities and (ii) complementarity of the ESMC market with existing public and private policies enabling rangeland conservation. We found corporations developing the PES market to be motivated by carbon insetting, the objectives of which converge with ranchers’ goals of preserving soils. Each policy offers distinct benefits and challenges, with synergies around climate change adaptation and soil health. As a new policy tool, carbon markets like the ESMC are positioned to meet demand for soil health financing, support resilience and ranch productivity, and improve ranchers’ access to soil health data for adaptive management. Given carbon markets’ outcome-based payment structure, we highlight the importance of complementary governance mechanisms that mitigate upfront risk with financial and technical support during the transition period, including Farm Bill cost-share programs and private sector financing tools. This policy evaluation highlights the challenges and opportunities surrounding rangelands soil carbon governance, particularly the trade-offs that ranchers, corporations, and society at large must consider for landscape-scale conservation programs.
Ethnicity‐based name partitioning for author name disambiguation using supervised machine learning

In several author name disambiguation studies, some ethnic name groups such as East Asian names are reported to be more difficult to disambiguate than others. This implies that disambiguation approaches might be improved if ethnic name groups are distinguished before disambiguation. We explore the potential of ethnic name partitioning by comparing performance of four machine learning algorithms trained and tested on the entire data or specifically on individual name groups. Results show that ethnicity‐based name partitioning can substantially improve disambiguation performance because the individual models are better suited for their respective name group. The improvements occur across all ethnic name groups with different magnitudes. Performance gains in predicting matched name pairs outweigh losses in predicting nonmatched pairs. Feature (e.g., coauthor name) similarities of name pairs vary across ethnic name groups. Such differences may enable the development of ethnicity‐specific feature weights to improve prediction for specific ethic name categories. These findings are observed for three labeled data with a natural distribution of problem sizes as well as one in which all ethnic name groups are controlled for the same sizes of ambiguous names. This study is expected to motive scholars to group author names based on ethnicity prior to disambiguation.
Spaceborne miniaturized UHF dual band helix antenna with a small frequency ratio

This study proposes a novel miniaturized circularly polarized (CP) ultrahigh frequency (UHF) quadrifilar helix antenna for spaceborne applications. The dual‐band operation is realized using four inverted‐U shaped helical strips (IUSHSs) that are rotated and alternately arranged on the four faces of a hollow polyimide cuboid in a sequential rotation manner, which effectively reduces the size of the antenna. Furthermore, the four IUSHSs are connected by a cross‐shape strip at the top of the antenna to control the dual resonant frequencies, resulting in a small dual‐band frequency ratio. The proposed antenna is both lightweight and robust when compared with the conventional miniaturized CP antennas operating at similar bands with similar performance. In particular, its compact radiator provides effective miniaturized spaceborne solution without the need of high‐dielectric coefficient materials. A device for spaceborne application that operates at 402/505 MHz is designed, fabricated, measured, and in‐orbit tested with a weight of 651 g and an effective size of 0.161 × 0.161 × 0.228 λ3402MHz (λ402MHz is the wavelength at 402 MHz). The measured gain and axial ratio of the proposed antenna are better than 5.32 dBi and 2.18 dB, respectively, within 2 and 12 MHz bandwidth for the two bands. The test results proved that the methods used to design the proposed antenna are effective.
Getting in touch with your senses: Mechanisms specifying sensory interneurons in the dorsal spinal cord

Abstract The spinal cord is functionally and anatomically divided into ventrally derived motor circuits and dorsally derived somatosensory circuits. Sensory stimuli originating either at the periphery of the body, or internally, are relayed to the dorsal spinal cord where they are processed by distinct classes of sensory dorsal interneurons (dIs). dIs convey sensory information, such as pain, heat or itch, either to the brain, and/or to the motor circuits to initiate the appropriate response. They also regulate the intensity of sensory information and are the major target for the opioid analgesics. While the developmental mechanisms directing ventral and dorsal cell fates have been hypothesized to be similar, more recent research has suggested that dI fates are specified by novel mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the molecular events that specify dorsal neuronal patterning in the spinal cord, thereby generating diverse dI identities. We will then discuss how this molecular understanding has led to the development of robust stem cell methods to derive multiple spinal cell types, including the dIs, and the implication of these studies for treating spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Trace Metal Imaging of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Methanogenic Archaea at Single-Cell Resolution by Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging

ABSTRACT Metal cofactors are required for many enzymes in anaerobic microbial respiration. This study examined iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc in cellular and abiotic phases at the single-cell scale for a sulfate-reducing bacterium (Desulfococcus multivorans) and a methanogenic archaeon (Methanosarcina acetivorans) using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Relative abundances of cellular metals were also measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For both species, zinc and iron were consistently the most abundant cellular metals. M. acetivorans contained higher nickel and cobalt content than D. multivorans, likely due to elevated metal requirements for methylotrophic methanogenesis. Cocultures contained spheroid zinc sulfides and cobalt/copper sulfides.
pH-Responsive Nanostructures Assembled from Amphiphilic Block Copolymers

We present a novel route to assemble thin films containing pH-responsive nanostructures of hydrophilic cylindrical domains oriented perpendicular to a silicon substrate. The amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), is prepared from the precursor, poly(styrene-b-tert-butyl acrylate) (PS- b-PtBA), by an autocatalytic reaction involving surface hydroxyl groups. The surface morphology and evolution of the nanostructures in aqueous solutions over a pH range of 2.6-9.1 are captured by in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ordered PS-b-PAA films exhibit unique surface morphologies across three pH regimes. At low pH (pH 6.0) PAA chains stretch strongly to cover the entire surface, leading to a continuous PAA wetting layer decorated by hexagonally packed depressions. The equilibrium film thickness increases as pH increases and is reversibly recovered upon decreasing pH. The water contact angle decreases by 30° as pH increases from 2.6 to 9.1, demonstrating that wettability can be tuned by varying the pH of the surrounding medium. Because of their pH-responsive behavior and small feature size, nanostructured devices designed from amphiphilic block copolymers have potential applications including sensors and membranes.
An illicit artisanal fishery for North Pacific white sharks indicates frequent occurrence and high mortality in the Gulf of California

Large sharks shape ecosystems across their geographic ranges and have become a top research and conservation priority. Eastern North Pacific (ENP) white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) aggregations off the United States and Mexico are well described, but their population status is currently uncertain. Population assessments of ENP white sharks are complicated by migrations across international boundaries, vulnerability at aggregation sites, and undetermined mortality levels. While protective legislation exists both in the United States and Mexico, ongoing incidental and unreported catch may undermine assessments and management. Here, access to a clandestine artisanal fishery provides evidence for white shark abundance and mortality in the Gulf of California that has been underestimated by other methods (e.g., satellite telemetry, [by]catch data). Shark size estimates based on tooth measurements suggest abundance of both juvenile and mature sharks in the region, and updated population models indicate the potential for substantial impacts of this fishery on ENP population viability. The data here, fisher‐provided information, and anecdotal evidence suggest potentially high abundance at two specific regions, making directed future research efforts feasible in the Gulf. These data demonstrate that cryptic life histories and geopolitical boundaries can still limit fundamental understanding of megafauna distribution, necessitating international cooperation for both research and management.