Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Bladder Function Following Activity-Based Recovery Training With Epidural Stimulation After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in profound neurologic impairment with widespread deficits in sensorimotor and autonomic systems. Voluntary and autonomic control of bladder function is disrupted resulting in possible detrusor overactivity, low compliance, and uncoordinated bladder and external urethral sphincter contractions impairing storage and/or voiding. Conservative treatments managing neurogenic bladder post-injury, such as oral pharmacotherapy and catheterization, are important components of urological surveillance and clinical care. However, as urinary complications continue to impact long-term morbidity in this population, additional therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches are needed that aim to improve function by targeting the recovery of underlying impairments. Several human and animal studies, including our previously published reports, have documented gains in bladder function due to activity-based recovery strategies, such as locomotor training. Furthermore, epidural stimulation of the spinal cord (scES) combined with intense activity-based recovery training has been shown to produce volitional lower extremity movement, standing, as well as improve the regulation of cardiovascular function. In our center, several participants anecdotally reported improvements in bladder function as a result of training with epidural stimulation configured for motor systems. Thus, in this study, the effects of activity-based recovery training in combination with scES were tested on bladder function, resulting in improvements in overall bladder storage parameters relative to a control cohort (no intervention). However, elevated blood pressure elicited during bladder distention, characteristic of autonomic dysreflexia, was not attenuated with training. We then examined, in a separate, large cross-sectional cohort, the interaction between detrusor pressure and blood pressure at maximum capacity, and found that the functional relationship between urinary bladder distention and blood pressure regulation is disrupted. Regardless of one’s bladder emptying method (indwelling suprapubic catheter vs. intermittent catheterization), autonomic instability can play a critical role in the ability to improve bladder storage, with SCI enhancing the vesico-vascular reflex. These results support the role of intersystem stimulation, integrating scES for both bladder and cardiovascular function to further improve bladder storage.
Early Diagenesis in Sediments of the Venice Lagoon (Italy) and Its Relationship to Hypoxia

This work focuses on sediments of a shallow water lagoon, located in a densely populated area undergoing multiple stressors, with the goal of increasing the understanding of the links between diagenetic processes occurring in sediments, the dynamics of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water column, and potential consequences of hypoxia. Sediment data were collected over three consecutive years, from 2015 to 2017, during spring–summer, at five stations. Measured variables included: sediment porosity, grain size and organic carbon content, porewater microprofiles of O2, pH and H2S, porewater profiles of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), NH4+, NO3–, dissolved Fe, and SO42–. In addition, long-term time series of oxygen saturations in the water column (years 2005–2017) were utilized in order to identify the occurrence and duration of hypoxic periods. The results show that the median DO saturation value in summer months was below 50% (around 110 μmol L–1), and that saturation values below 25% (below the hypoxic threshold) can persist for more than 1 week. Sediment stations can be divided in two groups based on their diagenetic intensity: intense and moderate. At these two groups of stations, the average DIC net production rates, estimated trough a steady-state model (Profile) were, respectively, of 2.8 and 1.0 mmol m–2 d–1, SO42– consumption rates were respectively 1.6 and 0.4 mmol m–2 d–1, while diffusive oxygen uptake fluxes, calculated from the sediment microprofile data, were of 28.5 and 17.5 mmol m–2 d–1. At the stations characterized by intense diagenesis, total dissolved sulfide accumulated in porewaters close to the sediment-water interface, reaching values of 0.7 mM at 10 cm. Considering the typical physico-chemical summer conditions, the theoretical time required to consume oxygen down to the hypoxic level by sediment oxygen demand ranges between 5 and 18 days, in absence of mixing and re-oxygenation. This estimation highlights that sediment diagenesis may play a crucial role in triggering and maintaining hypoxia of lagoon waters during the summer season in specific high intensity diagenesis zones. This role of the sediment could be enhanced by changes in regional climate conditions, such as the increase in frequency of summer heat waves.
Utilization of DIVAYANA Formula in Evaluating of Suitable Platforms for Online Learning in the Social Distancing

The selection of a suitable platform to facilitate online learning in social distancing becomes a very important thing to maintain the quality and smoothness of the learning process was carried out at home. Some educational evaluation models were able to be used to provide recommendations in choosing an online learning platform that was suitable to use in social distancing, such as CIPP, Countenance, and CSE-UCLA. However, those models are only able to provide recommendations based on narrative evaluation components so raised different understandings and high subjectivity in its implementation in the field. Those models haven’t formulas that specifically and accurately provide quantitative results in determining the most priority platforms is used in online learning. Therefore, it is essential to know there is a new formula in the field of educational evaluation to determine the suitable platform for online learning that is done at home. One of the new formulas that can be used and contributed to solving problems in the field of educational evaluation is the DIVAYANA formula. This formula can show an accurate calculation mechanism in determining one of the platforms that the most priority from the various choices of online learning platforms. The purpose of this research was to show the mechanism for calculating the DIVAYANA formula to determine the priority platform suitable for online learning. This research used an evaluative approach that focused on the nominate stage in the DIVAYANA model because the DIVAYANA formula is located in that nominate stage. Eighty respondents were involved in the initial data collection by evaluating the platform selection criteria for online learning. The subjects who were involved in testing the effectiveness of the DIVAYANA formula were eight experts. Questionnaires were used as the initial data collection tools and testing tools for the effectiveness of the DIVAYANA formula. The method was used to analyze the data of effectiveness test results on the DIVAYANA formula was by comparing that test results with the effectiveness standard that refers to five scales. The results of the effectiveness test showed the percentage of effectiveness level was 89.79%. It means that the DIVAYANA formula is effective to use in determining priority platforms suitable for online learning at home.
The Impact of Range Constraints on Utility in the Design of Differentially Private Mechanisms

For the design of differentially private mechanisms, knowledge of constraints on query responses can often be leveraged to improve the utility of a mechanism. This is typically considered in the non-interactive setting, where constraints over batches of query responses can be exploited. Comparatively, little attention is given to the design of constraint-adherent mechanisms in the interactive setting, where queries are posed on an individual basis. The absence of relationships between batched responses in the interactive setting removes much of the structure that mechanisms in the non-interactive setting rely on. Yet, if the valid range of a query is known, the design of range-adherent mechanisms remains a possibility. The generation of noisy responses strictly within the valid range of the query can serve to improve the utility of the mechanism. Furthermore, adherence to range constraints is often beneﬁcial for compatibility with downstream software used to analyze the noisy responses. In this paper, we consider the design of range-adherent mechanisms for general numeric queries in the interactive setting. We ﬁrst study requirements and desirable properties for range-adherent mechanisms using a matrix representation of discretized probability density functions. We then pro-pose a linear programming approach for the design of range-adherent mechanisms using a user-independent criterion for optimal utility. We run experiments to compare our linear programming mechanisms to other range-adherent alternatives. In these experiments, we measure utility both in terms of the usability of the noisy query responses as well as the information preservation of the mechanisms. The results demonstrate that our linear programming mechanisms achieve higher utility when compared to existing mechanisms. The improvements in utility are most pronounced when there is a high ratio of query sensitivity to query range. Our mechanisms are thus particularly useful for queries posed on small-sized databases which are more vulnerable to privacy breaches.
On the Unreasonable Effectiveness of SAT Solvers

Boolean satisﬁability (SAT) is arguably the quintessential NP-complete problem, believed to be intractable in general. Yet, over the last two decades, engineers have designed and implemented conﬂict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) SAT solving algorithms that can eﬃciently solve real-world instances with tens of millions of variables and clauses in them. Despite their dramatic impact, SAT solvers remain poorly understood. There are signiﬁcant gaps in our theoretical understanding of why these solvers work as well as they do. This question of “why CDCL SAT solvers are eﬃcient for many classes of large real-world instances while at the same time perform poorly on relatively small randomly-generated or cryptographic instances” has stumped theorists and practitioners alike for over two decades. In this chapter, we survey the current state of our theoretical understanding of this question, future directions, as well as open problems
Flood Disaster Identification and Decision Support System using Crowdsource Data Based on Convolutional Neural Network and 3S Technology

Every flood causes damages to many lives and properties. Moreover, it affects the economy and lifestyle of people in the society in a short period and a long period. In consequence, this research would demonstrate techniques and flood detection analyzed through digital images and web application development for receiving reports and inspection of flood situation in every area. The process requires crowdsource data and uses 3S technology so it will receive the accurate and real-time data for making a decision in the flood management and aids to the people in the disastrous area. In this research, Convolutional neural network was applied for flood detection and classification using digital images and data from people or the victims. According to the study, it was found that convolutional neural network for flood classification has accuracy of data at the high level or 95.50%, 93.00%, 97.89%, and 0.91 which are the results of accuracy, producer accuracy, user accuracy, and kappa statistics, respectively. Besides, the use of this technique saves cost, time, and labors. Furthermore, the method could be applied to other disasters such as landslide, earthquake, and fire. It is able to monitor the incident in each type of disasters and also examines the damaged site after the incident.
La(NO2)(3), a novel (3,9)-connected lanthanide-based network

A novel (3,9)-connected lanthanide-based network of lanthanum trinitrite, La(NO2)3, was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The central LaIII atom is coordinated by nine O atoms from nine nitrite anions. These unidentate O atoms are arranged in a capped trigonal prism. The resulting [LaO9] polyhedron shows 3m symmetry.
Evaluating the effectiveness of cardiac arrest resuscitation short course (CARS) for rural physicians of Asia: The Rural Emergency Care Training for Physicians (RECTIFY) project

Background: Physicians from resource-constrained rural areas being lone lifesavers pose a unique challenge in resuscitating emergencies like cardiac arrest. Rural Emergency Care Training for Physicians (RECTIFY) was devised as a short course training to equip them to deal with occasional emergencies using minimal gadgets. This study was conceived to assess the effectiveness of the RECTIFY-Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Short course (CARS) module in improving current knowledge and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among interested rural physicians of Asia. Methods: A three-tier observational study was conducted to assess current CPR knowledge with a pretested structured questionnaire and skills using a checklist, followed by a 3-h hands-on training and posttest evaluation using the same study instruments. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS 13.0. Results: Out of 622 participants, most of the participants (603; 96.9%) were willing to provide CPR despite poor knowledge and skills. Pretest scores averaged 1.5 ± 0.99 and 0.1 ± 0.3 for CPR knowledge and skills, respectively. Posttest scores for CPR knowledge (10.5 ± 1.5) and skills (2.8 ± 1.6) improved significantly (both P = 0.001). Whereas a majority improved upon chest compression skills, appropriate use of sophisticated gadgets like automated external defibrillators (AED) was low (2.4%) despite training. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and skill among participants was poor despite the enthusiasm and positive intent. The impact of RECTIFY-CARS on knowledge and skills among participant physicians was significant and is recommended for implementation by health policymakers in resource-poor rural settings. However, essential gadgets like AED were not impactful which necessitates the use of simpler rural alternatives.
Removal of Ammonium Ions from Fellmongery Effluent by Zeolite

The introduction of the Resource Management Act in 1991 in New Zealand enforces statutory requirements for the disposal of farm and industrial wastewaters in ways that minimize environmental impacts. Wastewaters often contain high concentrations of ammonium ( ), phosphate ( ) and potassium (K+) ions, and in some cases heavy metals. Zeolite is a naturally occurring, porous and electrically-charged alumino–silicate mineral, which can be used to adsorb cation and anion contaminants from wastewater. Zeolites of New Zealand origin were obtained from New Zealand Resource Refineries Ltd. and evaluated for their effectiveness to remove ions from a fellmongery wastewater stream. The natural zeolites were of clinoptilolite species and had high cation exchange capacity (CEC) (>100 cmol kg−1), which after treatment with alkali solutions increased by up to 74%. The CEC of the zeolites indicated that these samples can hold a potential maximum of 18.7 to 20.1 g zeolite. The adsorption of ions by the zeolites increased with increasing ion concentration in the fellmongery wastewater. The presence of other cations in the fellmongery wastewater apparently interfered with ion adsorption, resulting in only a small fraction of the CEC getting occupied by the ions. Although an increase in CEC due to alkali treatment increased the adsorption of ions, H+ ion saturated zeolites adsorbed higher amount of ions than the zeolites saturated with other cations. The cation-loaded zeolite was regenerated for ion adsorption by leaching with 0.5 M HCl, and even after 12 regeneration cycles the amount of ion adsorption remained unaffected, indicating the potential for recycling zeolite for removing ions from the waste stream.
Top 20 drug − drug interactions, polypharmacy and analysis of the nature of risk factors due to QT interval prolonging drug use in elderly psychiatry outpatients

Introduction and Objectives: Psychotropic medications extend the corrected QT (QTc) period in the ECG. Psychiatric patients exposed to ≥ 1 psychotropic medication (s) represent a group with a marked probability of drug-activated QTc-prolongation. Prolonged QTc interval in elderly patients (age > 60 years) is connected to a greater risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease deaths. We investigated the pattern of utilization of QTc-interval prolonging medications, QT-extending interactions between drugs, and prevalence of QTc-interval prolonging risk factors in elderly patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study at the Psychiatry OPD at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 employing the pertinent prescriptions. Results: A total of 208 elderly patients (age 60 years or more) visiting the Psychiatry OPD during the aforementioned study period were investigated. 105 (50.5%) patients were males whereas 103 (49.5%) were females in our study. 147 out of 208 patients (70.7%) were using interacting agents with the capacity to produce TdP. 288 interacting torsadogenic medication pairs were unraveled. As per AzCERT/CredibleMeds Classification, 254 (48.8%), 181 (34.8%), and 62 (12%) interacting medications were identified with known, possible, and conditional risk of TdP, respectively. The common interacting medications belonged to antidepressant (144), proton pump inhibitor (91), antipsychotic (85), anti-nausea (46), antimicrobial (39), and H2 receptor antagonist (15) therapeutic categories. Conclusions: Many geriatric patients were administered drugs and drug combinations with heightened proclivity towards QT-interval prolongation. Therefore, we need to exigently embrace precautionary safety interventions, to be vigilant, and forestall QT-prolongation and TdP in clinical settings. Online evidence-based drug information resources can aid clinicians in choosing drugs for psychiatric patients.
An evaluation on the morphology of the nasal bone, piriform aperture, and choana on dry skulls

Introduction: Piriform aperture (PA) and nasal bone (NBs) are important structures that contribute to the formation of the nose. Both anatomic structures show differences based on ethnicity, gender, and age. Hence, it is widely used to determine sex in science branches such as anthropology and forensic medicine. Furthermore, morphometry of the PA and choana is an important criterion for physiological nasal respiration of individuals. Recognition of structural differences of PA, NB, and choana along with all this information becomes important during maxillofacial procedures to be performed especially in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The aim of the present study is to determine the individual differences in NBs, PA, and choana. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 83 Turkish dried skulls and PA, NBs, and choana was examined as morphometrically. PA was classified into seven types and NB was classified into eight subtypes. Results: The most common type of PA was found type 5 (20%–24.1%) and the least most common type of PA was type 7 (4%–4.8%). Type 1 was determined as the most common observed shape of the NB. The mean width of the choana on the right and left sides was found 13.21 ± 1.4 and 13.98 ± 1.81 mm, respectively. Moreover, the mean height of the choana on the right and left sides was found 25.56 ± 3.06 and 26.1 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: We believe that obtained data from our study will constitute a morphometric data set and will be useful in a wide range of fields from forensic science to reconstructive surgery.
Clinical application of nitric oxide in ischemia and reperfusion injury: A literature review

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a series of multifactorial cellular events that lead to increased cellular dysfunction after the restoration of oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissue, which can result in acute heart failure and cerebral dysfunction. This injury is severe and would lead to significant morbidity and mortality and poses an important therapeutic challenge for physicians. Nitric oxide (NO) minimizes the deleterious effects of IRI on cells. NO donors, such as organic nitrates and sodium nitroprusside, are used systematically to treat heart failure, angina, and pulmonary hypertension. Inhaled NO gas was approved by the FDA in 1999 to treat hypoxic newborns, and its beneficial ameliorations reach outside the realm of lung disease. This review will summarize the clinical application of NO in IRI.
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Depression and Anxiety: A Pilot Study

Background: The association between nutrition and mental diseases has been extensively studied. Vitamin B12 and folic acid are the main vitamins in the development of the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin B12 and folic acid levels with depression and anxiety. Methods: A total of 150 patients (77 with anxiety and 73 with depression) between 18 and 79 were enrolled. The initial mood state was evaluated using Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for the presence of depression and anxiety, respectively. Venous blood samples were collected after overnight fasting and vitamin B12 and folic acid levels were measured. Results: Serum concentrations of folic acid were significantly lower in patients with depression than those with anxiety (p=0.04). Substantially higher vitamin B12 levels were described in men than females counterparts with severe depression (p=0.049). Additionally, there was a significant inverse correlation between folic acid levels and Beck's inventory score among patients with severe depression (r=-0.250, p=0.049). Conclusion: Serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid could be used as markers that assess anxiety and depression's therapeutic efficiency.
Carbon Nanotube Nucleated Polymer Crystallization

Abstract Crystallinity studies were performed on carbon nanotube‐doped Poly(m‐phenylenevinylene‐co‐2,5‐dioctyloxy‐p‐phenylenevinylene) (PmPV) and Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of the composites verified that carbon nanotubes nucleate polymer crystallization.
Enhancement of band-edge emission of ZnO from one-dimensional ZnO/MgZnO core/shell nanostructures

One-dimensional MgZnO nanostructures were grown directly on p-Si substrates by thermal evaporation at a variety of synthesis temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed the formation of slim ZnO nanowires with twin boundaries on low Mg content nanosheets at lower synthesis temperatures, where the slim nanowires on the nanosheet did not have any detectable Mg content. The MgZnO nanostructures at elevated synthesis temperatures showed core/shell structures consisting of h-ZnO/h-MgZnO/c-MgZnO, where the h-MgZnO layer has a Mg content up to ∼9 at% and a further increase in Mg content in the outer shell induced the formation of the c-MgZnO phase. The ZnO nanorods covered with MgZnO layers showed enhanced band-edge emission due to the existence of a h-MgZnO barrier and a c-MgZnO dielectric layer.