Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks to Guarantee Primary User Performance in AWGN Channel

— Cognitive radio technology has been proposed to improve spectrum efficiency by having the cognitive radios act as secondary users to opportunistically access under-utilized frequency bands. Frequency spectrum sharing between licensed primary users (PUs) unlicensed secondary users (SUs) requires the SUs reliably detect the spectrum occupancy. Spectrum sensing, as a key enabling functionality in cognitive radio networks, needs to reliably detect signals from PUs to avoid harmful interference. However, due to the effects of channel fading/shadowing, individual SUs may not be able to reliably detect the existence of a PU so that multiple SUs can cooperate to conduct spectrum sensing. In this paper, we derive an optimal voting rule for any detector applied to cooperative spectrum sensing such that minimizing the Bayes risk function. Furthermore, we derive an algorithm to optimize the energy detection threshold for the cognitive users for any fusion rule. Furthermore, we propose a new algorithm that determines the optimum fusion rule and optimum threshold that minimizes the false alarm probability such that the missing probability under constrains (bounded error).
Review on Double-gate MOSFETs- Scaling, Operation, Challenges and Opportunities.

Aakanksha Lakhanpal. The expansion of VLSI industry has focused on the way to the efficiency of semiconductor devices which is dependent on the advancement in the CMOS technology. As we scale down the device, carrier mobility gets reduced due to dopant fluctuation, gate tunneling effect increases and leakage current increases. More precise structures are required to be developed for satisfying the above requirements. The double-gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor FieldEffect-Transistors control the channel region and most suited for ultra-lowvoltage operation. In this paper, the review of double-gate technology, scaling challenges, double-gate structure and operation its challenges and opportunities have been discussed.
Epstein Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with chronic laryngotracheitis

Objective: Determine the prevalence of reactivation of Ebstein Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with chronic laryngotracheitis (CLTR). Methods: A retrospective case series of 507 patients presenting with a chief complaint of hoarseness, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, or cough for greater than six weeks was performed. Patients were included if stroboscopic exam showed laryngeal/tracheal inflammation and serology for EBV and CMV was done. SPSS was used to analyze prevalence of elevated IgG to EBV Nuclear Antigen (EBNA), EBV Viral Capsid Antigen (EB VCA), EBV Early Antigen (EBV EA) and CMV IgG in whole study sample, each symptom group and symptom duration category (1-3 months, 4-6 months, and >6 months). Results: 193 (38%) patients were EBV EA seropositive with mean titer of 1.81 while 157 (33%) had elevated CMV IgG (mean = 6.1). 48% of patients with cough had significantly elevated EBV EA IgG while 35% showed elevated CMV Immunoglobulins. Among difficulty swallowing and sore throat groups, 34% and 46% were highly seropositive to EBV EA compared to 30% and 15% with elevated CMV IgG. 50 % of the patients in the 4-6 month duration of illness group had elevated EBV EA IgG compared to 42% and 38% in 1-3 months and > 6 months duration respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBV and CMV reactivation in immunocompetent patients with CLTR is significant, may be more common in the patient with symptoms of intermediate duration, and may indicate reactivation of EBV and CMV as a cofactor in CLTR. Correspondence to: Dr. Mary Es Beaver, Texas Voice Center, Houston TX, USA, Tel: (713) 791-9363; E-mail: drbeaver@TEXASENT.COM
A STUDY OF LEADERSHIP STYLE OF TEACHERS ON THE BASIS OF GENDERAT SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THANE DISTRICT Shri

Leadership concerned with the role of a teacher is to create followers who in due course become responsible leader to carry forward the developmental process. As a leader, one must envision the future and personality and believe that one can make a difference. Effective leader supply a shared vision and inspire people to achieve more than they may have dreamt possible. Leadership is necessary for shaping a group of people into a team as a source of competitive business advantage. The present paper highlights the Study of Leadership Style of Teachers on the Basis of Genderat Secondary Schools of Thane District.
MUC1 Expression is upregulated in CSC-Enriched Populations of Luminal Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Investigating CSC properties is crucial for understanding tumor development mechanisms. Different strategies for CSC isolation succeeded in primary along with established tumor cell cultures, starting with surface markers up to very sensitive reporter constructs, ultimately allowing deep study of CSC phenotypes of various cancer subtypes. Epithelial markers were thought to be associated with less aggressive properties and therefore their expression on CSC subset is less likely. Assessing MUC1 expression on CSC of luminal subtype of BC resulted in detection of elevated levels of MUC1. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown led to significant reduction of CSC fraction. This altogether confirms that MUC1 expression is crucial for CSC maintenance in luminal BC cultures and that this epithelial marker is preserved in CSC subset.
Bioequivalence & Bioavailability

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor orally bioavailable as an ester-derived prodrug which requires diester hydrolysis for conversion to tenofovir (TFV) and subsequent intracellular phosphorylations by cellular enzymes to the active metabolite, tenofovir diphosphate, which is a competitive inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, leading to the prevention of DNA chain elongation and termination of viral DNA growth [1,2]. TDF was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2001 and is indicated for use in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the management of HIV-1 infection. TFV has also activity against hepatitis B infection and has been approved in 2009 as the firstline option in the treatment of hepatitis B [3,4]. The pharmacokinetic (PK) of TFV following oral administration of 300 mg has been well characterized in HIV-infected and healthy adults subjects. After oral administration of 300 mg, TFV concentrations increase over 1 to 3 h (Tmax) with a maximum concentration (Cmax) of approximately 300 ng/ ml and a mean area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) at steady state of approximately 3000 ng*h/ml is observed [5,6]. When administered with a high fat meal (700-1000 calories containing 40-50% fat), TFV AUC and Cmax are increased by 40% and 14 %, respectively. TFV is primarily cleared unchanged in the urine by a combination of glomerural filtration and active tubular secretion. The once-daily dosing schedule is supported by TFV serum elimination half-life of 12 to 17 h and the long half-life of the intracellular metabolite between 10 to 50 h [7].
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR EMISSION TRADING SCHEME FOR PARTICULATE MATTER IN INDIA

After the success of Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS) in United States of America and European Union, it is established that ETS has a great potential to reduce pollution along with decreasing compliance cost as against the command-and-control regulation. It is high time for India to step in and introduce such flexible market mechanisms for abatement of air pollution. This paper discusses some of the challenges and issues that India will have to face for implementing ETS. Such change in environmental regulations will elevate position of India and place her as a leader in emerging economies.
Secondary Hyper Parathyroidism, a Typical Mineral and Bone Disorder in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient in Ziguinchor, Southern Senegal

Mineral bone disorders (MBD) are almost constant complications in chronic hemodialysis patients. They cause an impairment in the quality of life and increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We are introducing the case of a 54-year-old woman, who was chronically on hemodialysis for 6 years, with a radial arteriovenous fistula as vascular access. Initially, the patient was reported having chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. She was on hemodialysis three times a week. She developed secondary hyperparathyroidism. Clinically, she had diffuse arthralgias, bone pain mainly in the pelvis impeding walk; all this in a context of relative functional limitation of the lower limbs. As a result of paraclinical examination, serum calcium was 72 mg/l, phosphatemia was 42 mg/l. PTH returned to 2358 μg/ml and vitamin D tested using 25-OH-D was 20 mg/ml. Standard radiographs showed multiple geodes at the shoulder, lower extremity of the radius, trapezius, scaphoid, proximal phalanx head, spine and bilateral fracture lines of the femoral neck. Our patient was treated with calcium carbonate (e.g. Calcidia, in sachet), calcium-free phosphate binders (e.g. Renagel) and calcimimetics (e.g. Mimpara). Under medical treatment, there was a normalization of PTH and a decrease or even disappearance of the symptoms. This case shows that medical treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism on hemodialysis patients, especially with calcimimetics, the use of which in our context is limited due to lack of availability.
Knee Arthritis is a Mechanically Induced Disease with Predictably Sinister Molecular Consequences

Musculoskeletal biologic therapeutic technologies have emerged as safe, viable, disease modifying options for primary (RA) and secondary (OA) inflammatory arthritis patients who often have had no option other than a potentially complicated surgery with uncertain outcomes. Understanding the basic science of immunologic cell signaling pathways and tissue response will continue to lead to more specific, targeted biologic treatments. We present an easy to follow, infographic that we believe serves as a reasonable baseline to help patients and surgeons understand the principles of biologic treatment in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery.
A Fault Detection Approach Using Variational Mode Decomposition, L-kurtosis and Random Decrement Technique for Rotating Machinery

Fault detection of rotating machinery under heavy noise background, is a significant but difficult issue, and traditional fault detection approaches are difficult to apply. To address this problem, a novel approach that combines variational mode decomposition (VMD), L-Kurtosis and random decrement technique (RDT) is proposed, which procedures are summarized as follows. First, the raw vibration signal collected from the rotating component is decomposed using VMD into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and the noise components can be separated from the raw signal. Second, the L-Kurtosis indicator is introduced to solve the problem that the fault information is difficult to track, and the optimal intrinsic mode function (IMF) can be determined according to the maximum L-Kurtosis value. Then, RDT is further employed to purify the optimal IMF to eliminate the other unknown interference sources. Finally, a Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis is used for detecting the fault type. In order to validate the proposed approach, the numerical simulations and real experimental investigations about rolling element bearing and gear are conducted. The results illustrate that the proposed approach can effectively detect faults of rotating components.
Outlandish Technique for Facade Recognition in Images

Today, the Biometric world was mostly ruled by the face recognition technique. Large image database are need to be searched in order to match the images with the original or input image. Face plays a vital role in recognizing a person. The input image of face may distinct in their appearance, pose and lighting conditions. Some images may hide behind the others so the face needs to be detected correctly. The given input image may have some unwanted information along with the face . So the faces are detected using the algorithm called Viola-Jones face detection algorithm. Developing an automatic system for search, retrieval, or classification of images from the database is a critical issue. Local binary pattern are computed for local regions of the detected face image and the local features are joined to form the global image representation. The face images are divided into 3x3 regions and the histogram was constructed for local regions. The local characteristics was concatenated to form the global feature . These concatenated feature are used to measure the likeness and divergence in an image. LBP is considered as the non directional first-order local pattern operator and it is extended to higher orders called the LDP. Local Derivative pattern was based on the directions of the pixels. LDP describes the distinct features of an image effectively when compared to other LBP. LTrP computes the features of the image based on the difference between the pixels in distinct directions. By, experimenting with the different face images LTrP provides better result when compared to other algorithms.
High Pressure Processing in Food Industry

High pressure processing (HPP) or the cold pasteurization of foods offers a viable and practical alternative to thermal processing by allowing food to pasteurize at room temperature. When using high pressure processing, microorganisms are destroyed, but covalent bonds do not break and the effect on processed food is minimal. In addition, the positive effect consists of the avoidance of excessive thermal treatments and chemical preservatives. Food products can be HPP in a batch system or a semi-continuous process. This article provides an overview of current technology status.
A CASE REPORT ON VARIANT ORIGIN OF DELTOID MUSCLE

During routine dissection for First MBBS students on 65 year donated embalmed male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, I observed multiple heads of the deltoid muscle in the left arm. The posterior fibers of the left deltoid muscle were enclosed in a distinct fascial sheet and the deltoid muscle was seen to arise from the middle 1/3 of the vertebral border of the scapula. However there were no variations in the blood supply and the nerve supply of the deltoid muscle. The photographs were taken for proper documentation. The existence of the multiple heads of the deltoid muscle should be kept in mind by surgeons operating on deltoid, posterior deltoid, or doing scapular flaps.
Simulation of DC Grid Control Based on Modular Multilevel Converters

-On-going transformation of global power systems towards sustainability is the driving force behind the evolution of modular multilevel converters which provide high efficiency, reliability, superior power quality. The Modular Multilevel Converter topology is discussed intensively as a crucial part of DC grids, especially to integrate offshore wind power and solar power. Generally voltage source converter models are usually utilized for multi terminal investigations, A MMC based DC grid framework with a tripartite focus on internal converter. Besides an evaluation of the implemented MMC model that incorporates the available arm sum voltage, AC and DC system control concept suitable to handle unbalanced voltage conditions is derived for HVDC applications. Combined with wind farms and photo voltaicsystem MATLAB/SIMULINK Software and sim power systems tools are used. Mainly control system tools, power electronics and electrical elements tools are used.
Smart WSN node device for remotely monitoring of temperature and humidityin Rular Area

As all we know we are living in the era of 4G technology where everyone using internet in their daily life. Now a days internet become our need , so as per our need most of the human beings are using Internet of Things based wearable devices for their different kind of application. In this paper basically we talk about WSN node which is used for the monitoring of temperature & humidity in remote location. As per this paper basically we proposed a system which is based on WSN and this system is able to capture the live temperature & humidity in remote location. Device is working on small 220 mah battery with long battery life. This system architecture is based onESP8266-01.
Evaluation of CBIR System by Using Low Level Features of an Image

- Content based image retrieval system refers to the process of retrieving images from large data base based upon the image content. Image content refers to image information contained in the form of colour, texture, edge, boundary and region of an image. Based upon color content of an image, there are various image retrieval techniques such as colour histogram, colour coherent vector, colour moment. The techniques based upon texture are Gray level co-occurrence matrix, transform based methods such as Gabor transform and wavelet transform. Shape based techniques include edge or boundary detection by using Hu moment invariants, Fourier descriptor, 3 D shape descriptor etc. The aim of this research work is to evaluate the performance of CBIR system with parameters precision, recall, NMRR and retrieval time by using feature extraction techniques based upon colour - histogram, texture - GLCM and region – boundary descriptors of an image. NMRR and retrieval time of different query images have been evaluated.
Investigating Agricultural Problems in India with Recommended ICT Based Solutions

: India is a land of farmers with 68.84 percent of the total population of the country living in about six lakh villages. Agriculture is the key to economic development. Agriculture contributes 17 percent of total GDP which provides employment to 60 percent of people. Indian population is growing rapidly with 1.2 percent per annum and become 1.5 billion by 2030.According to global hunger index, we stand at 103 positions in the world. To feed such a large population our current agricultural model needs some refinement. we need to devise ways and methods to overcome these issues faced by agriculture. In this paper, we are going to discuss various agricultural problems with suggested social and technological solutions.
COMPARISON OF THREE DIFFERENT SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN C LEVELS IN HUMAN BODY FLUIDS

In this investigation three different spectrophotometric methods have been compared to estimate ascorbic acid contents of various human body fluids. For this purpose twenty blood and urine samples were collected from middle aged adult subjects and preserved by the recommended methods. The 1 st batch was analyzed by three methods for the ascorbic acid contents and the same methods were applied to the samples with added ascorbic acid in the 2 nd batch of blood and in urine samples 3 rd batch, taken from the same subjects. The results obtained have showed that all three test methods were valuable and applicable equally for blood and urine samples. Among these, the modified method of Roe and Keuther as described by Nino and Shah (1986) has been found the best in this regard. The percentage recovery from blood samples with added ascorbic acid was excellent with this method. For determining ascorbic acid in urine samples, above method again showed considerably better results. It is, therefore, conceivable that from the view point of sensitivity and specificity, the method modified has shown promising results for its application in human biological fluids.
Amyloid Plaques and Alzheimer’s Disease

Aging is a natural process that affects all individuals and that causes various changes in the organism [1]. In cognitive aging, the process of brain atrophy is accelerated over the years and is characterized by dilatation of sulci and ventricles, loss of neurons, presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillar tangles, deposits of beta-amyloid protein, and granulovacuolar degeneration. These changes appear early in medial temporal lobe regions and spread throughout the neocortex [2].
DOES DEPOSIT MONEY BANK S ’ CREDIT TO THE PRODUCTIVE SECTOR SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA ? 1

This work examines the effect of Deposit Money Banks intermediation role on the economic growth in Nigeria. Specifically, it ascertains to which extent sectorial credit allocation by the deposit money banks have impacted on the growth of the economy. Time series data covering periods of 1986 – 2013 when Nigerian economy moved from its repressed state to market based state was used. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique with Multiple Regression Model (MRM) was employed for its analysis and for computational simplicity. The findings indicate that bank’s credit to the productive sector, although has a positive relationship with economic growth have not impacted on the real sector as much as expected as the impact is insignificant as revealed by the t-test. Only the manufacturing credit however has a positively significant impact on the economic growth. The implication is that credit flow from the deposit money banks to the real activities (agriculture, mining, and manufacturing) has been grossly inadequate. In other words, the banking sector has not been playing its catalytic role in enhancing the real sector potentials. Thus, the need for creating financial accommodation for economic growth through initiatives such as development finance, venture capital and public-private partnership has become absolutely unavoidable. The implication that can be drawn from this work is that to ensure that the banking system performs its role of credit allocation effectively it must channel funds into productive investments and more productive uses.
Prevalence of Re-bleeding after Initial Endoscopic Management in Peptic Ulcer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Citation: Ashwaq Hamed Alsahafi. , et al. “Prevalence of Re-bleeding after Initial Endoscopic Management in Peptic Ulcer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. EC Microbiology 16.1 (2020): 01-09. Abstract Peptic ulcer disease has been the most common source of bleeding diagnosed among patients admitted to a hospital for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients presenting with a perforated peptic ulcer is another severe complication of peptic ulcer requiring hospitalization. For that, we performed an extensive literature search in 11 databases for all relevant original publications assessing the risk of re-bleeding following endoscopic hemostasis of bleeding peptic ulcer during the last ten years. There were no restrictions on study design, country or language. After extensive screening, three independent reviewers evaluated the risk of bias in included studies. For observational studies, methodological quality assessment was done using National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool, while Cochran’s tool was used for randomized controlled trials. R software version 3.6. 1 was used to conduct the analyses. Six studies with 3043 patients were included in the analysis. The overall re-bleeding was 8.94% with 95% CI = 5.46 to 14.64; nevertheless, a significant heterogeneity among results I2 = 92% and P-value < 0.001 was detected. On sensitivity analysis with removal, the heterogonous studies, the heterogeneity has disappeared (I2 = 4% and P-value = 0.372) and the prevalence rate changed to be 6.84% with 95% CI = 5.97 to 7.85. The endoscopic management of bleeding peptic ulcers sounds to be a very effective method with low re-bleeding rates.