Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making India Globally Competitive

The fast-paced economic and political changes across the world are forcing India to be more globally-oriented. This paper traces these global changes in a historical perspective and examines how India can be integrated into the global economy. It discusses the primary growth engines at different phases of the world growth cycle and suggests the main area around which there is a need to reengineer the country for global competitiveness. While Western Europe and the US/Canada engineered the 18th and the 19th century growth respectively, the author sees the large emerging nations as the 21st century growth engines and purchasing power parity (PPP) as the new measure of economic growth. As India integrates into the world economy, there is a need for it to reposition itself as a country. From the domestic-oriented, self-sufficient license raj, it has come a long way to become a globally-oriented economy focusing on those key sectors of the economy where it has a resource advantage over other nations. The objective is to offer better products at lower prices. Exports to the most demanding markets, after all, are the key to success for a globally competitive economy. To achieve this objective, India needs to reengineer itself in the following areas: Industrial policy through ideology-free policy; privatization of public enterprises; incentives for quality; innovation and productivity; employment through growth; intellectual property rights; and environment policy. International trade through convertible currency anchored to dollar; target exports to selective markets; balanced trade with anchor partners; and focus on selective exports based on comparative advantage. Domestic industry through industry consolidation for scale efficiency; globalization of domestic markets; investment in quality and innovation; process reengineering; and reduction in unorganized sector. National infrastructure through upgradation of transport and logistics; information infrastructure capital markets; financial institutions; special economic zones and energy reliability. Of these, domestic infrastructure is the weakest link. The Indian industries must reposition themselves from the diversified domestic corporations to focused global enterprises. To be a global hub, they need quality and reputation and must, therefore invest in design and research, create brand equity, increase productivity, leverage human capital, get access to low cost capital, and organize global supply chain. The author concludes with the following observations: India is destined to become a major economic power in the 21s century. India's future, however, will depend on the geopolitical realignment of nations and the emergence of ‘triad’ markets. Design is a very strong competitive advantage for India. Public enterprises should not be disinvested and should instead be encouraged to go global along with the private enterprises not just through exports but through mergers and acquisitions. The Indian industries must reposition themselves from the diversified domestic corporations to focused global enterprises.
Where, how and why to intensify the city: applying regression modelling to estimate intensification potentials

Applying regression modelling to estimate intensification potentials Dr. Meta Y. Berghauser PONT; Bardia MASHHOODI; Dena KASRAIAN MOGHADDAM 1 Assistant professor Dep. of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5043, 2600 CR Delft, The Netherlands +31 15 2789020, m.y. berghauserpont@tudelft.nl (correspondent author) 2 PhD student Dep. of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5043, 2600 CR Delft, The Netherlands +31 15 2781996, b.mashhoodi@tudelft.nl 3 Researcher Dep. of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5043, 2600 CR Delft, The Netherlands +31 15 2781996, dkasraian@gmail.com
Which Characters of Knowledge-Based Employees Have Higher Turnover Intension in Chinese Culture Industry?

By use of multiple logistic regression analysis of the questionnaire data of 465 knowledge-based staff in the culture industry of a province in the Western China, the author has found that the three main factors related to job satisfaction and the turnover intention are not simply negatively correlative, which differs from the former classical studies of relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. This research has discovered that 1) the factor of career development satisfaction is not predictable on the turnover intention probability; 2) the turnover intention of the knowledge-based staff who have low satisfaction with the job itself is not higher than those who have high satisfaction with their jobs; 3) the turnover intention of the staff with low pay satisfaction is lower than those with high pay satisfaction, that is, the knowledge-based employees with higher pay satisfaction have correspondingly higher probability of turnover intention, compared with those with lower pay satisfaction; 4) such covariates as gender, age, educational background, professional title, income level, position, working years, the number of previous work units being considered, all mentioned demographic characteristics above but the income level have no significant influence on turnover intention; the employees with low income levels are more unwilling to leave than those with higher monthly income level.
A nonconforming primal mixed finite element method for the stokes equations

Abstract. In this article, we propose and analyze a new nonconformingprimal mixed ﬁnite element method for the stationary Stokes equations.The approximation is based on the pseudostress-velocity formulation.The incompressibility condition is used to eliminate the pressure vari-able in terms of trace-free pseudostress. The pressure is then computedfrom a simple post-processing technique. Unique solvability and optimalconvergence are proved. Numerical examples are given to illustrate theperformance of the method. 1. IntroductionBasic mathematical models in ﬂuid and solid mechanics are expressed interms of a set of partial diﬀerential equations with the physical unknowns suchas pressure, velocity, stress, and/or an appropriate energy variable. For exam-ple, the original physical equations for incompressible Newtonian ﬂows inducedby the conservation of momentum and the constitutive law are given by thestress-velocity-pressure formulation [18]. The name and many of the originalconcepts for the mixed methods are originated in solid mechanics where it wasdesirable to have simultaneous approximations of certain quantities of inter-est. For the Stokes equations governing ﬂows of incompressible viscous ﬂuids,Galerkin mixed methods based on the pressure-velocity formation are well-understood [19]. The pseudostress-displacement formulation was proposed byArnold and Falk [2] for the equations of linear elasticity which does not requiresymmetric tensors and hence facilitates the use of Raviart-Thomas mixed ﬁniteelements developed for scalar second order elliptic equations. The pseudostress-velocityformulation is then exploited to study ﬁrst-orderdiv least-squaresﬁniteelement methods for the Stokes system by Cai, Lee, and Wang [12].
Escaping predators on vertical surfaces: Lacerta perspicillata in limestone quarries of Lithaca

Escape behavior of the Mediterranean lizard Lacerta perspicillata was studied experimentally in a limestone quarry at Lithica on the island of Menorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. These lizards are exposed to avian predators while active on vertical rock faces. Simulated kestrel attacks using a cardboard model elicited escape responses from nearly all lizards approached. Methods of escape included entering a crevice, retreating over or around an edge, running behind a shrub growing against the rock surface, running behind a shrub and dropping to the ground ("bush to ground"), and retreating under or behind a rock isolated from a rock face. Most lizards fled directly to the closest available refuge or to alternative refuges only slightly farther away. Nevertheless, lizards that initially perched near crevices more frequently fled to other types of refuge than lizards that were initially near other refuges. The latter usually fled to the closest refuge. Lizards predominantly fled parallel to the ground or dire.
Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Trends at Selected West Central Airshed Society Stations: Tomahawk and Carrot Creek

This paper presents an evaluation of ambient air trends using data from two West Central Airshed Society monitoring stations in rural Alberta. Pollutants studied include O3, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5. Two approaches were examined to assess trends: (a) use of various percentiles of hourly concentration distributions from each year (50 th to 98 th percentiles), and (b) use of frequencies (number of hours) in which various benchmark concentrations were exceeded each year. Assuming these summary statistics to be linear in time, hypothesis tests (at � = 0.05) were conducted on the best-fit lines to check whether slope of the lines was zero or not in order to indicate change. Results from these approaches clearly supported each other. At one station - Tomahawk - no statistically significant change was detected in air quality with respect to O3 and PM2.5, while SO2 and NO2 showed statistically significant decreasing trends. At the second station - Carrot Creek - SO2 exhibited statistically significant decreasing trends, while O3 and NO2 showed no change. The decreasing trends observed with SO2 at the two stations appear to be consistent with reduced natural gas flaring and venting that has been occurring in Alberta over the same time period. The period of study over which trends were examined was short - less than a decade - and changes or lack of changes observed do not necessarily provide an indication of what may happen over the long term.
Study on the wood anatomy, annual wood increment and intra-annual growth dynamics of Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus from Costa Rica

Tropical countries in the future will have an increasing demand for softwoods which favours mixed plantations possibly with minor portions of native conifer species. In this context numerous tropical species of the Podocarpaceae can be of ecological and economical interest. In Costa Rica the native species Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus (Parl.) Buchholz & Gray could be attractive for the establishment of manmade forests. However, profound knowledge on growth characteristics and wood properties is missing. In particular, information on the annual wood increment and intra-annual growth dynamics under natural site conditions at higher altitudes where P. oleifolius var. macrostachyus competes with hardwood species is not available and therefore the objective of this study. At the Cordillera de Talamanca (approx. 2,700 m a.s.l.), Costa Rica, an old-growth stand was chosen from which in total 5 trees (40 to 80 cm diameter at DBH) were sampled by taking stem sections and discs (2 trees)or increment cores (3 trees). During the period from October 1998 to December 2000, two trees of the site were pinned monthly for exact determination of the annual wood increment and the intra-annual growth dynamics in relationship to climate. The results of one of these pinned trees are demonstrated. It turned out that at high altitude the annual wood increment of old growth trees amounts to 1-2 mm (diameter) only. The tracheids show a rather constant cell wall thickness (2.5-4.5 μm) throughout the year, but a very variable radial cell diameter from 29 to 61 μm. The exact age of the tree cannot be determined anatomically, as there are no distinct tree-ring boundaries, but only very moderately developed terminal bands of flattened tracheids which do not circle the entire circumference of the stem. The monthly pin-labelling documents that during the dry season from about January until March in 1999 and 2000, virtually no cells were formed. However, with the beginning of the rainy season, about 59 % of the wood increment resulted from the months April to June. This increment rate already decreased from July to September to 32 %. Due to a distinct decrease in precipitation towards the end of the year, only 9 % of the wood increment were formed in the last quarter of the year, mainly consisting of the hardly visible terminal and flattened tracheids. The wood of this species is of very homogeneous structure and certainly attractive for highquality wood production.
Modelling university human capital formation and measuring its efficiency: evidence from Florence University

In this paper, an analysis of the technical efficiency in the formation of 2,236 graduates in 1998 in the University of Florence, that is, in the university human capital formation, is performed, by modelling the production process as one in which the student produces himself as a graduate. The tool utilized is the DEA methodology, under the hypothesis of variable returns to scale. The production factors are represented by a set of human and capital resources provided by the faculties, along with individual factors represented by secondary school diploma score and by the length of university study. The analysis is conducted both for the overall graduates, and at a faculty level, in order to emphasize the contribution provided by the latter to efficiency. There is evidence that the students graduated with an average efficiency greater than 90% and therefore with an unexploited productive capacity lower than 10%. At a faculty level, Formation Science appears to be the most efficient, whereas Economics is the less efficient one. By and large, the contribution to efficiency provided by faculties is greater than that brought by students individual characteristics.
Pragmatic Inference in the Interpretation of Sluiced Prepositional Phrases

An in-depth examination of sluiced prepositional phrases reveals sluices for which interpretation is unobtainable by parallelism with an antecedent. To accommodate these, I propose sluices are licensed by serving to question an inferred argument of a semantically compatible and salient antecedent. Both a corpus investigation and a grammaticality survey provide corroboration.
Man and Vegetation in Southeastern Brazil during the Late Holocene

Abstract Despite the great interest shown by archaeologists in the environment of Brazilian fisher–gatherer–hunter populations and their diet, little is known. Desiccated plant remains are rarely recovered in these archaeological sites, but charcoal, an invaluable source of palaeoenvironmental information, is usually abundant. Six shell-mounds from the southeastern coast of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) were studied. Anthracological analysis of over 15,500 charcoal fragments showed that this region was covered by different plant associations during the Late Holocene, and that no significant variations affected the vegetation during this period. Palaeoethnological observations suggest that the random gathering of dead wood supplied most of the wood fuel used by man. Gathering of plant food was certainly much more important to these populations than it has been previously thought. The great number of carbonized palm fruit shells, seeds and monocotyledon tubers found testifies to their importance on human diet.
Variations of ground-level O-3 and its precursors in Beijing in summertime between 2005 and 2011

Abstract. Elevated ground-level ozone (O3), reflecting atmospheric oxidative capacity, are of increasing concern. High levels of total oxidants (Ox= O3 + NO2) have been persistently observed as a feature of Beijing's air pollution. Beijing is a well-known megacity requiring the enforcement of stringent air quality controls as rapid economic growth continues. To evaluate the effect of air quality controls in recent years, ground-based on-line measurements at an urban site were conducted in summer and the variations in O3 with simultaneous changes in NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between 2005 and 2011 were analyzed. Both NOx and total VOCs in Beijing decreased over the study period, 1.4 ppbv yr−1 and 1.6 ppbv yr−1, respectively. However, VOCs reactivity, in terms of OH loss rate, showed an indistinct statistical trend due to unsteady variations from naturally emitted isoprene, though some anthropogenic species showed decreasing trends, such as pentane, benzene and toluene. Meanwhile, daytime average O3 increased rapidly at an annual rate of 2.6 ppbv yr−1, around 5% yr−1 between 2005 and 2011. Considering the influence of NO titration effect and elevated regional ozone background in the North China Plain (NCP), the main reason for such an increase in oxidants was subject to "local" photochemistry. A simplified model was used to evaluate the effect of changes in the levels of ozone precursors on ozone production. We found that between 2001 and 2006, the production rate of total oxidants, P(Ox) increased rapidly due to increased VOC levels and decreasing NO2, while from 2006 to 2011 P(Ox) remained high, though decreased slightly as a consequence of the decrease in both VOC reactivity (−5% yr−1) and NOx (−4% yr−1). Observations have shown that Beijing's efforts to control air pollution were somehow effective in cutting ozone precursors, but still left higher ground-level ozone. We surmised that it resulted from potential contributions from OVOCs and regional transport near Beijing. Therefore, Beijing needs deeper cooperation with adjacent provinces to control ozone pollution together. To impel this kind of joint prevention and control program, ground-level ozone should become a mandatory index for air quality management, and a faster reduction of VOCs, especially reactive VOCs, in urban areas, should coordinate with national NOx emission control programs.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEAVY METALS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH AT FESTUCA PRATENSIS

The paper presents the results of a study concerning the influence of different concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Cd on some physiological, biochemical and morphological indicators during the dynamic of the process of seed germination and in the incipient phases of seedling growth. The results underline the specific variations of the analysed indicators (water and dry substance content, content of total mineral elements, activities of some enzymes - catalase, peroxydase superoxiddismutase-, content of assimilating pigments, respiration intensity, lengths of koleoptile and koleorhiza), depending on the nature of metals and their concentrations used for the seed treatments . Regardless to the concentration, Ni, Pb, and Cd determine the intensification of peroxidase activity, indicator for underlining the state of stress as well as the increase of the content of carotenoidic pigments. Ni in concentration of 50ppm and 300ppm determines a hydrological unbalance, inhibating the seed germination and the growth in length of the koleoptile and koleorhiza.
Hypnosis from a neurobiological perspective:A review of evidence and applications to improveimmune function*

Se revisa la evidencia neuropsicofisiologica que sirve de prueba a un modelo de trabajo, en tres etapas, de la induccion hipnotica tradicional por relajacion, y que incluye: 1) una red atencional talamocortical que implica al sistema frontolimbico de control de la atencion focalizada del hemisferio izquierdo que sostiene la fijacion sensorial y la concentracion en la induccion; 2) toma del control por parte de los sistemas inhibitorios frontolimbicos, mediante las sugestiones de cansancio y relajacion, con lo que las funciones ejecutivas anteriores quedan en suspenso y pasan a ser dirigidas por la induccion; 3) implicacion de las funciones temporoposteriores propias del hemisferio derecho a traves de la imaginacion pasiva y el sueno. Una marca caracteristica de los estudios fue la selectividad de accion en los sujetos muy susceptibles. Un incremento en la interferencia Stroop coincidio con el mantenimiento de la deteccion de errores y la supresion de los potenciales de evaluacion del error, lo que se interpreta como una disociacion de los sistemas ejecutivos afectivo y cognitivo del cingulado anterior. Se observo una disociacion entre las tareas de fluidez verbal, categorica y de disenos, con un efecto especifico de la hipnosis sobre los procesos propios de la region anterior izquierda, reflejado tambien en la reduccion, medida con EEG, de la conectividad entre la zonas medial y lateral izquierda. Se inhibieron las respuestas electrodermicas de orientacion, moduladas por el sistema limbico, y la Missmatch Negativity (MMN) modulada por la region frontal. Las asimetrias en las respuestas electrodermicas y electrocorticales a los tonos cambiaron a favor del hemisferio derecho, asimetria tambien observada en la sensibilidad visual. El procesamiento haptico y la sensibilidad visual revelaron cambios mas distribuidos en los sujetos con un nivel medio de susceptibilidad, mientras que los no susceptibles se caracterizaron por unas funciones atencionales mas pobres en la linea base, que mejoraron con la induccion.
Comparison of Power and Area: 2 Bit Hybrid Fulladder Design With 2 Bit Full Adder Using CMOS Technology

: In this paper, a hybrid 2 -bit full adder design employing both complementary metal–oxide– semiconductor (CMOS) logic and transmission gate logic is reported. The design was first implemented for 1 bit and then extended for 32 bit also. The circuit was implemented using Cadence Virtuoso tools in 180- and 90-nm technology. Performance parameters such as power, delay, and layout area were compared with the existing designs such as complementary pass-transistor logic, transmission gate adder, transmission function adder, hybrid pass-logic with static CMOS output drive full adder, and so on. For 1.8-V supply at 180-nm technology, the average power consumption (4.1563 µW) was found to be extremely low with moderately low delay (224 ps) resulting from the deliberate incorporation of very weak CMOS inverters coupled with strong transmission gates. Corresponding values of the same were 1.17664 µW and 91.3 ps at 90-nm technology operating at 1.2-V supply voltage. The design was further extended for implementing 32-bit full adder also, and was found to be working efficiently with only 5.578-ns (2.45-ns) delay and 112.79-µW (53.36-µW) power at 180-nm (90-nm) technology for 1.8-V (1.2-V) supply voltage. In comparison with the existing full adder designs, the present implementation was found to offer significant improvement in terms of power and speed. After a 2-bit Full Adder has been taken which is then analyzed and a comparative study of the silicon area and the power consumption has been done in the circuit using different channel lengths such as 90nm and 180 nm
Eichhornia crassipes cleans wetlands by enhancing the nitrogen removal and modulating denitrifying bacteria community

The role of floating macrophytes on modulating the microbial nitrogen removal is not well understood. In this study, the cultivation of Eichhornia crassipes in eutrophic water may affect the nitrogen (N) fate by modulating the denitrifying bacteria diversity and abundance. The gaseous N losses via denitrification were estimated by 15N stable isotope tracing and the diversity and abundance of denitrifying genes (nirS, nirK, and nosZ) were investigated by molecular tools. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed that the diversity of denitrifying genes in the treatments with E. crassipes was significantly higher than that in the treatment without E. crassipes. The real-time PCR (qPCR) results showed the trend of denitrifier abundance in the entire system was in the order of N-ER (nitrate with just root of E. crassipes) and A-ER (ammonia with just root of E. crassipes)>N-R (nitrate with E. crassipes) and A-R (ammonia with E. crassipes)>N-W (nitrate without plant) and A-W (ammonia without plant). The gaseous 15N losses via denitrification were significantly and positively related to the abundance of nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes. The results indicated that cultivation of E. crassipes in eutrophic water could increase the diversity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria, resulting in more N being removed as gases via denitrification.