Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proteins Specified by Herpes Simplex Virus XI. Identification and Relative Molar Rates of Synthesis of Structural and Nonstructural Herpes Virus Polypeptides in the Infected Cell

Analyses of polypeptides made in HEp-2 cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the synthesis of at least 49 infected cell polypeptides (ICP) ranging in molecular weight from 15,000 to 280,000. Evidence for virus specificity based on increased rates of synthesis postinfection, immunological specificity, and viral control of mobility and rate of synthesis was available for 47 of the ICP. These 47 polypeptides can account for 75% of the virus genetic information assuming a DNA molecular weight of 108 and asymmetric transcription. On the basis of their mobility relative to virion proteins, the ICP were classified as structural (S, 23 polypeptides), nonstructural (NS, 16 polypeptides), and unassigned (U, 10 polypeptides). Analysis of the synthesis of the ICP revealed the following. (i) Rapid posttranslational cleavages of HSV proteins were not detected; in parallel experiments rapid posttranslational cleavages were readily demonstrated in poliovirus-infected cells and these were blocked by protease inhibitors. (ii) Slow posttranslational changes in the mobility of at least two polypeptides were observed. (iii) Analysis of the rates of synthesis of ICP examined at four intervals postinfection revealed regulation of the pattern and amount of ICP synthesized. ICP formed six classes (A to F) differing in their kinetics of synthesis. S and NS ICP were distributed nonrandomly among these classes. Thus, of the sum of S protein amino acid sequences apportioned among these kinetic classes, 47%, constituting class A and comprising “late” structural proteins, were characterized by progressively increasing rates of synthesis until at least 12 h postinfection; whereas “early” structural proteins constituting class C, amounting to 31% of the total amino acid sequences, were synthesized with initially increasing rates until 4 h postinfection and with declining rates thereafter. NS polypeptides and remaining S polypeptides were distributed among the other kinetic classes—B, D, E, and F. Control of protein abundance was evident in that the polypeptides were not made in equimolar amounts. However, S and NS polypeptides could not be differentiated on the basis of their molar rates of synthesis. The bulk of the detected polypeptides did not differ by more than eightfold in their molar rates of synthesis.
Impact of Nursing Staffing on Patient Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit

Background: The impact of nursing care on patient outcomes is not well understood. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of nursing care hours per patient day, nursing skill mix, and nurse turnover on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in the context of intensive care units (ICUs) using interventions to reduce bloodstream infections and improve patient safety, teamwork and interdisciplinary communication. Methods: This study uses longitudinal data from 45 ICUs from 35 hospitals in two faith-based health systems across12 states. The 45 ICUs were divided into two groups. We analyzed 19 months of experience for the first group and a year of experience for the second group. We collected hours worked by all bedside nurses to calculate National Quality Forum (NQF) nursing measures. We used a two-level random-intercept model to account for the correlations among repeated measures for the same ICU. Regressions accounted for the influences of number of Intensivists, type of ICUs, ICU bed size, which health system the unit belonged to, nursing practice environment (PES-NWI) and project phase. Models also adjusted for average patient charges, to partially account for ICU casemix. Results: Nursing care hours per patient day greater than 20 hours was associated with lower CLABSI rates. Increasing nursing hours per patient day was also associated with shorter LOS, with the strongest relationship where nursing hours per patient day was lower (< 20 hours compared to ≥ 20 hours). A Higher skill mix was associated with shorter LOS but higher CLABSI rates. We found no significant relationships of nursing turnover with any outcome, or between any nursing variables and mortality. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nursing care hours per patient day and nursing skill mix significantly contribute to CLABSI prevention and LOS in the ICU setting.
Preattentive detection of nonsalient contingencies between auditory features

Extraction of contingencies between features of successive auditory stimuli was studied by exploiting the mismatch negativity component of the event-related potential. According to the rules hidden in the stimulus sequences, one stimulus feature (duration) predicted another feature (pitch) of the next stimulus. Occasional deviant stimuli, violating the rules, elicited a mismatch negativity although the participants were ignoring the stimuli. Mismatch negativity was also elicited when the participants tried to detect the deviant stimuli. Their detection performance, however, was poor and on the basis of subsequent interviews, they were not consciously aware of the rules. The results suggest that contingencies across-features of successive stimuli are extracted already at the early preattentive level in the auditory sensory memory.
A microRNA expression signature for the prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) rates have been increasing significantly in recent years, despite a decreasing incidence of head and neck cancer in general. Oropharyngeal SCC has many characteristics that are distinct from other head and neck cancers, and thus it is important to focus specifically on cancers arising in this region, with the goal of improving patient outcomes. One important goal is to identify those patients who are likely to fail standard therapy and who could potentially benefit from alternative or targeted treatments.
Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Oncology Phase I Clinical Trials According to The Belmont Report

Whether to suggest enrollment of pediatric oncology patients with advanced or refractory disease into a Phase I clinical trial may present a significant ethical dilemma for health care professionals. Phase I trials are experimental and unpredictable by nature, yet health care professionals must ensure the trial's therapeutic intent as well as address the many vulnerabilities of the child with terminal cancer. After reviewing the role and phases of clinical research in pediatric oncology, this article discusses ethical considerations in Phase I clinical trials according to The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research and discusses specific applications of these key ethical principles.
Image reconstruction for echo planar imaging with nonequidistant k‐space sampling

Echo planar imaging is characterized by scanning the 2D k‐space after a single excitation. Different sampling patterns have been proposed. A technically feasible method uses a sinusoidal readout gradient resulting in measured data that does not sample k‐space in an equidistant manner. In order to employ a conventional 2D‐FFT image reconstruction, the data have to be converted to a Cartesian grid. This can be done either by interpolation or alternatively by a generalized transformation. Filtering methods are described to minimize ghosting artifact that is typical in echo planar imaging. Results both from computer simulation and from experiments will be presented. Experimental images were obtained using a 2‐T whole‐body research system. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
Electromagnetically induced transparency

Abstract The subject of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the experimental work reported in this field since 1990. Theoretical work is also covered, although it is not intended to review all the very numerous recent theoretical treatments on this topic. The basic physical ideas behind EIT are elucidated. The relation of EIT to other processes involving laser-induced atomic coherence, such as coherent population trapping, coherent adiabatic population transfer and lasing without inversion, is discussed. Experimental work is described covering the following topics: EIT with pulsed and continuous-wave sources, lasing without inversion, pulse propagation in a laser dressed medium and EIT in nonlinear optical processes. A full set of references and a bibliography are included.
Multiple-clock multiple-edge-triggered multiple-bit flip-flops for two-phase handshaking asynchronous circuits

This paper proposes multiple-clock multiple-edge-triggered multiple-bit flip-flops for designing simple and straight-forward asynchronous control circuits of the two-phase handshaking protocol. The proposed flip-flops have multiple clocks and multiple data inputs, and each data input can be stored in the flip-flop at both the rising edge and the falling edge of the corresponding clock. They can be applied in the asynchronous design of the two-phase handshaking protocol not only for synthesizing simple control circuits, but also for obtaining robust circuits. The performance of the proposed flip-flops have been evaluated using the PTM 22 nm HP device parameters.
Antiproliferative effects on keratinocytes of a range of clinically used drugs with calmodulin antagonist activity

Thirty‐two drugs, including some in use for a variety of clinical disorders, were examined for their ability to inhibit calmodulin activity in vitro. From these. 10 drugs were selected for their inhibition of calmodulin activity and examined for their ability to inhibit proliferation of rapidly dividing human keratinocytes. A significant correlation between antiproliferative activity and calmodulin antagonist potency was found. Of these drugs there were several, including miconazole. dequalininm chloride, bromocriptine and tamoxifen, whose use is well established and well documented. The potential use of these drugs (and others identified in this way) as antipsoriatic agents is discussed.
Immersion in thermoneutral water: effects on arterial compliance.

BACKGROUND Since thermoneutral head-out water immersion induces an increase in central blood volume and cardiac output along with a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, we examined here whether thermoneutral immersion leads rapidly to an increase in arterial compliance. METHODS Changes in hemodynamic status and arterial compliance induced by thermoneutral head-out water immersion to the midchest were studied in 26 healthy volunteers (15 women, 11 men) using a non-invasive pulse wave measurement system. Several hemodynamic parameters including stroke volume (SV) and large and small artery compliance were studied in a quiet room with a stable environmental temperature (25 degrees C) and during thermoneutral (34.5 degrees C) head-out water immersion. RESULTS In a preliminary study, an agreement between SV estimated by radial pulse contour analysis and that obtained by Doppler echocardiography was observed in ambient air. An increase in SV led to an increase in cardiac output (12%) 10 min after the start of immersion. Heart rate and arterial pressure remained unchanged. Systemic vascular resistance was significantly decreased and total arterial compliance estimated by the SV to aortic pulse pressure ratio was significantly increased. Radial pulse contour analysis confirmed these results with an increase in both large and small artery compliance. CONCLUSION In conclusion, radial pulse contour analysis provides an interesting method for assessing hemodynamic changes under environmental constraints. Our results were consistent with a prompt increase in arterial compliance during acute water immersion.
CLCNKB-T481S and essential hypertension in a Ghanaian population

Objective Prior to the discovery of chloride channel Kb with a variant threonine change to serine at position 481 (CLCNKB-T481S) there were no variants or clinical disorders associated with gain-of-function defects in thick ascending limb of the kidney channels or transporters. CLCNKB-T481S is a novel gain-of-function variant that has been associated with essential hypertension. This finding has not been replicated until our current study. In this study, we re-examined CLCNKB-T481S using a large homogenous population from Ghana, and coupled genetic analyses with the functional characterization of this polymorphism using a mammalian expression system. Methods We genotyped CLCNKB-T481S in four ethnically defined control populations and a homogenous cohort of normotensive and hypertensive Ghanaians. Functional analysis was performed by whole-cell patch-clamp recording of tsA201 cells (a cell line derived from the human renal cell line, HEK-293) transiently transfected with ClC-Kb and barttin. Results CLCNKB-T481S was found more commonly in the African and Caucasian-Americans when compared with the Asian and Hispanic American populations, having minor allele frequencies of 0.20, 0.15, 0.06 and 0.01 respectively. Additionally, CLCNKB-T481S was significantly associated with hypertension in Ghanaian males. In stratified logistic regression analysis with Ghanaian males, we observed a significant odds ratio of 3.29 (1.17–9.20 95% confidence interval, P = 0.024) in the recessive model (TT versus AT&TT). Unlike previous results obtained in Xenopus oocytes, coexpression of CLCNKB-T481S with the obligatory accessory subunit barttin in tsA201 cells did not generate larger currents than coexpression of the wild-type allele. Conclusions We conclude that CLCNKB-T481S is associated with essential hypertension in males within the Ghanaian population; however, further studies are needed to understand its sex and ethnic segregation as well as to identify cellular factors that account for the divergent functional expression of ClC-Kb-T481S plus barttin in Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells.
Comparative Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinase Family Members Reveals That MMP9 Predicts Survival and Response to Temozolomide in Patients with Primary Glioblastoma

Background Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with GBM. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, are key modulators of tumor invasion and metastasis due to their ECM degradation capacity. The aim of the present study was to identify the most informative MMP member in terms of prognostic and predictive ability for patients with primary GBM. Method The mRNA expression profiles of all MMP genes were obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) and the GSE16011 dataset. MGMT methylation status was also examined by pyrosequencing. The correlation of MMP9 expression with tumor progression was explored in glioma specimens of all grades. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association of MMP9 expression with survival and response to temozolomide. Results MMP9 was the only significant prognostic factor in three datasets for primary glioblastoma patients. Our results indicated that MMP9 expression is correlated with glioma grade (p<0.0001). Additionally, low expression of MMP9 was correlated with better survival outcome (OS: p = 0.0012 and PFS: p = 0.0066), and MMP9 was an independent prognostic factor in primary GBM (OS: p = 0.027 and PFS: p = 0.032). Additionally, the GBM patients with low MMP9 expression benefited from temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy regardless of the MGMT methylation status. Conclusions Patients with primary GBMs with low MMP9 expression may have longer survival and may benefit from temozolomide chemotherapy.
Sparsity Inducing Prior Distributions for Correlation Matrices through the Partial Autocorrelations

Modeling a correlation matrix R can be a difficult statistical task due to both the positive definite and the unit diagonal constraints. Because the number of parameters increases quadratically in the dimension, it is often useful to consider a sparse parameterization. We introduce a pair of prior distributions on the set of correlation matrices for longitudinal data through the partial autocorrelations (PACs), each of which vary independently over [-1,1]. The first prior shrinks each of the PACs toward zero with increasingly aggressive shrinkage in lag. The second prior (a selection prior) is a mixture of a zero point mass and a continuous component for each PAC, allowing for a sparse representation. The structure implied under our priors is readily interpretable because each zero PAC implies a conditional independence relationship in the distribution of the data. Selection priors on the PACs provide a computationally attractive alternative to selection on the elements of R or R−1 for ordered data. These priors allow for data-dependent shrinkage/selection under an intuitive parameterization in an unconstrained setting. The proposed priors are compared to standard methods through a simulation study and a multivariate probit data example. Supplemental materials for this article (appendix, data, and R code) are available online.
Integration of Carbon Nanotubes in Microelectronics

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has received much attention since their discovery in 1991 due to unique combination of interesting electrical, mechanical, thermal and other properties, and numerous potential applications (Meyyappan, 2005, Sharma, 2008). Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be metallic or semiconducting, while multi-wall nanotubes (MWCNTs) are basically metallic. Semiconducting SWCNTs can be used in nanotubes based field effect transistors (FET-CNT), while metallic SWCNTs and MWCNTs can be employed for electrical and thermal interconnections, in sensors and other microand nanodevices. However, the integration of nanotubes into microelectronic circuitry is a very challenging task which requires development of reliable and compatible technologies for controlled synthesis, accurate positioning and contacting of nanotubes and their arrays in new devices. Many difficult issues associated with these technologies have to be addressed. In particular, mechanisms of nucleation and growth of high quality nanotubes still are not well understood. Mechanisms of electrical and thermal conductivity in individual nanotubes and ropes, the role of defects, formation of contacts with metals have to be investigated thoroughly.
System impact of phase ripples in optical components

We show that facet reflections in optical components induce a sine-shaped chromatic dispersion ripple. We furthermore investigate the system impact of it. We conclude that the maximum value of chromatic dispersion is not a relevant parameter as long as the frequency scale of variation of the chromatic dispersion is below the spectral bandwidth of the signal.
Optimizing natural ventilation strategy in existing buildings using differential evolution: Case of architectural studio classrooms

Natural ventilation plays a vital role towards provision of healthy indoor environment condition for occupants in a building. Yet, particularly in winter, providing sufficient level of fresh air to indoor environment causes a significant increase in heating energy consumption. To this end, the current study aims to propose an optimum natural ventilation strategy while minimizing heating energy consumption and ventilation time which are constrained by minimum allowable fresh air intake. To demonstrate, we considered an actual case for the problem at hand which is an architectural studio classroom, located in Yasar University, Turkey. Next, the problem was mathematically formulated using basic physical rules. Comparing results between energy simulation of the considered case and formulated problem, accuracy of mathematical expressions was verified. Following, we made use of differential evolution (DE) to find the non-dominated set of natural ventilation strategy. The results suggests that DE is able to converge a set of optimum ventilation strategies after adequate number of generations.
Diagnostic mycobacteriology laboratory practices.

The resurgence of tuberculosis has forced clinical laboratories to improve the methods used for detection of M. tuberculosis. Current recommendations for diagnostic laboratory performance [7] include (1) daily processing of specimens (i.e., handling these specimens in the same way that all other specimens sent to the laboratory are handled); (2) inoculation of liquid media (e.g., BACTEC) for the primary culture; (3) use of nucleic acid probes or the NAP test for identifying isolates as M. tuberculosis as soon as possible; (4) determining drug susceptibility with use of liquid media; and (5) reporting results of each step to physicians in a timely manner. The immediate goals are to report identification of M. tuberculosis within 10-14 days of receipt of the specimen and to report drug susceptibilities within 15-30 days. This can be done if current technologies are fully utilized. The amplification-based systems for the identification of M. tuberculosis and the luciferase-based systems for rapid determination of drug susceptibilities should help further shorten turn-around times. The results to date demonstrate that these systems are feasible, although they must be reduced to formats that can be used routinely in clinical laboratories. The gene-amplification systems may be the most promising, and they are nearing commercial availability. If the assays function as well during routine use as they have during clinical trials, a clinical laboratory may soon be able to report confirmed M. tuberculosis infection to the physician within hours of receiving a specimen, instead of within the typical period of 2-4 weeks. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increased Plasma Levels of Nesfatin-1 in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The nesfatin-1 is prominently expressed in several regions of the hypothalamus and spinal cord autonomic nuclei. Also, it has been demonstrated to be present in peripheral tissues including adi-pocytes, gastric mucosa and in human and rat pancreatic beta-cells, indicating the possible involvement of nesfatin-1 in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells nocturnal recent nesfatin-1 food intake in rodents Plasma levels nesfatin-1 Abstract ▼ Background: Nesfatin-1, which is derived from nucleobindin2 (NUCB2), has been recently identi ﬁ ed as a novel satiety regulator. However, its pathophysiological role in humans remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate plasma nesfatin-1 levels and the association between plasma nesfatin-1 levels and various metabolic parameters in humans. Materials and methods: 74 mellitus (nT2DM), 73 subjects (IGT) and subjects glucose tolerance (NGT) Plasma nesfa-tin-1 levels measured commercially available enzyme- linked immunosorbent Results: Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were