Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Conservative treatment of scaphoid bone fracture of the wrist].

The status of fractures of the scaphoid bone in clinical statistics on fractures depends on the age of the patients, the population treated in a particular clinic, and the number of nearby sports fields. Most frequently, fractures of the scaphoid bone occur as a result of falling on an outstretched hand while playing soccer. This kind of injury is typical of people between 15 and 45 years of age. Of the scaphoid bone fractures treated in our outpatient clinic, 77.4% were in this age group. Younger people with this injury mainly suffer from fractures distant from the body of the radius (or from forearm fractures near the wrist). In comparison, for people over 45 years of age, fractures of the radius due to over-extension are more typical. Since most injuries took place during sports activities, mainly males had fractures of the scaphoid bone (according to our statistics, 86.2% of these men were between 15 and 45 years of age). In the future, the distribution among sexes will probably be different due to the increasing number of girls and women who now play soccer. According to the literature, a fresh fracture of the scaphoid should first be treated conservatively. However, the type and duration of immobilization vary widely. The results published indicate that a rate of 4% - 5% can be expected. We have checked the therapy results of the surgical outpatient clinic in Bergmannsheil for 1960-1983. Of the 214 patients with fresh scaphoid bone fractures and conservative treatment, 138 had a follow-up examination. Among them were two instances of pseudoarthrosis (1.45%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The DPY-30 Domain and Its Flanking Sequence Mediate the Assembly and Modulation of Flagellar Radial Spoke Complexes

ABSTRACT RIIa is known as the dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. However, numerous molecules, including radial spoke protein 2 (RSP2) in Chlamydomonas flagella, also contain an RIIa or a similar DPY-30 domain. To elucidate new roles of D/D domain-containing proteins, we investigated a panel of RSP2 mutants. An RSP2 mutant had paralyzed flagella defective in RSP2 and multiple subunits near the spokehead. New transgenic strains lacking only the DPY-30 domain in RSP2 were also paralyzed. In contrast, motility was restored in strains that lacked only RSP2's calmodulin-binding C-terminal region. These cells swam normally in dim light but could not maintain typical swimming trajectories under bright illumination. In both deletion transgenic strains, the subunits near the spokehead were restored, but their firm attachment to the spokestalk required the DPY-30 domain. We postulate that the DPY-30–helix dimer is a conserved two-prong linker, required for normal motility, organizing duplicated subunits in the radial spoke stalk and formation of a symmetrical spokehead. Further, the dispensable calmodulin-binding region appears to fine-tune the spokehead for regulation of “steering” motility in the green algae. Thus, in general, D/D domains may function to localize molecular modules for both the assembly and modulation of macromolecular complexes.
1.5-1.6 &#181;m GaInAsP/InP dynamic-single-mode (DSM) lasers with distributed Bragg reflector

The theoretical bases and the experimental results of the dynamic behavior of1.5-1.6 \mum GaInAsP/InP dynamic-single-mode (DSM) lasers with distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) are given. A condition for the single-mode operation of a rapidly modulated DBR laser, called a "dynamic-single-mode laser," and the dynamic spectral width were theoretically presented. Experimentally, buried-heterostructure distributed-Bragg-reflector integrated-twin-guide (BH-DBR-ITG) and buried-heterostructure butt-jointed-built-in distributed-Bragg-reflector (BH-BJB-DBR) lasers emitting at the wavelength of1.5-1.6 \mum were directly modulated up to 3 GHz, and the stable single-mode operations were obtained in both types of lasers. The dynamic spectral width at the worst modulation condition was measured to be 0.27 nm, which was about\frac{1}{35}times smaller than that of conventional lasers.
The effect of a pathology clinic on the mental state and adjustment of patients with breast cancer

Abstract Objective: In this study, we examine whether a pathology clinic, conducted by pathologists, a novel medical tool that provides an explanation for the diagnosis of a cancer, can influence the mental state and adjustment of breast cancer patients. Method: We created a paper-based questionnaire and interviewed targeted breast cancer patients, who had undergone radical surgery, before and after they visited the clinic. Results: We found that there may be increased motivation for treatment, a greater sense of reassurance, and reduced anxiety (as indicated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) in the group that attended the clinic. Significance of Results: Our results suggest that visiting the pathology clinic may reduce anxiety over the short term. On the other hand, Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Anxious Preoccupation scores were significantly higher in this group as well, both before and after attendance, compared to the group that did not attend. The attending group may have reduced anxiety by such actions as collecting medical data on the cause of their anxiety and adopting healthier behaviors. Our findings suggest that appropriate emotional support and provision of medical information are very important in dealing with patient anxiety.
Impact of disease location on fecal calprotectin levels in Crohn’s disease

Abstract Objective. The correlation between the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) and fecal calprotectin is well established in (ileo)colonic Crohn’s disease (CD). However, for ileal CD, existing data are conflicting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biomarker profile in CD patients with varying severity and location of mucosal ulceration. Materials and methods. An electronic patient database search identified CD patients in whom ileocolonoscopy, fecal calprotectin (CALPRO), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood leukocyte counts (LEU) were measured within a 4-week interval without changes in medication. Ileocolonoscopies were scored for the presence of ulcers in each segment as defined by the SES-CD and the sum of segmental ulcer scores resulted in a partial SES-CD (pSES-CD). Results. Fourty-four patients were identified, of whom 9/44 had ileal CD, 20/44 colonic and 15/44 ileocolonic CD based on the Montreal classification. In the total study population CALPRO correlated best with pSES-CD (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001), followed by LEU (r = 0.54, p = 0.0004) and CRP (r = 0.45, p = 0.0026). Patients with ileal CD had significantly lower CALPRO level than those with (ileo)colonic disease even in the presence of large and/or very large ulcers (mean ± SEM: 297 ± 81 μg/g vs. 1523 ± 97 μg/g, p < 0.0001). LEU was also significantly lower in the presence of large and/or very large ulcers in ileal CD compared to those with (ileo)colonic disease (mean ± SEM: 6.7 ± 0.9 × 109/l vs. 10.6 ± 0.8 × 109/l, p = 0.02). A similar trend was identified regarding CRP levels. Conclusions. Even in the presence of large or very large ulcers, patients with ileal Crohn’s may not have markedly elevated fecal calprotectin levels.
The rationale for the use of dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease

Experimental and clinical studies indicate that both dopamine D2-like and D1-like receptors are important in reversing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and therefore stimulation of both D1 and D2 receptors may be advantageous in its treatment. At present, the role of other receptor subtypes, such as the D (3) receptor, remains unknown, although in primates the D3 receptor might be of importance because it exists in significant amounts within the caudate-putamen. Both D1 and D2 agonists induce dyskinesias in drug-naive, MPTP-treated primates and provoke dyskinesias in levodopa-primed animals. D1 agonists in low doses, however, might have antiparkinsonian effects without inducing dyskinesias, and on repeated administration perhaps can diminish the intensity of dyskinesias in levodopa-primed, MPTP-treated primates. The production of dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease might reflect an imbalance in the D1-direct and D2-indirect GABAergic output pathways from the caudate-putamen, which colocalize tachykinins and enkephalins, respectively. Destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway decreases the mRNA for substance P but elevates the mRNA for enkephalin. Treatment with levodopa reverses the decrease in substance P mRNA but has either a partial or no effect on mRNA for enkephalin. This suggests that levodopa treatment leads to a new imbalance between output from the striatum through the direct and indirect pathways. In contrast, dopamine agonists appear less able than levodopa to manipulate basal ganglia outflow. This might reflect their decreased ability to reverse parkinsonian motor deficits or the greater ability of levodopa to provoke dyskinesias. Dopamine agonist drugs also might exert neuroprotective actions. Pergolide, like selegiline, elevates superoxide dismutase activity in brain, decreases hydrogen peroxide formation from dopamine, and preserves nigral cells in aging rats. Bromocriptine, apomorphine, and other agonists also scavenge free radicals and show antioxidant activity, compared with the mainly pro-oxidant actions of levodopa. NEUROLOGY 1995;45(suppl 3): S6-S12
Ultradeep Sequencing for Detection of Quasispecies Variants in the Major Hydrophilic Region of Hepatitis B Virus in Indonesian Patients

ABSTRACT Quasispecies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with variations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) can evolve during infection, allowing HBV to evade neutralizing antibodies. These escape variants may contribute to chronic infections. In this study, we looked for MHR variants in HBV quasispecies using ultradeep sequencing and evaluated the relationship between these variants and clinical manifestations in infected patients. We enrolled 30 Indonesian patients with hepatitis B infection (11 with chronic hepatitis and 19 with advanced liver disease). The most common subgenotype/subtype of HBV was B3/adw (97%). The HBsAg titer was lower in patients with advanced liver disease than that in patients with chronic hepatitis. The MHR variants were grouped based on the percentage of the viral population affected: major, ≥20% of the total population; intermediate, 5% to <20%; and minor, 1% to <5%. The rates of MHR variation that were present in the major and intermediate viral population were significantly greater in patients with advanced liver disease than those in chronic patients. The most frequent MHR variants related to immune evasion in the major and intermediate populations were P120Q/T, T123A, P127T, Q129H/R, M133L/T, and G145R. The major population of MHR variants causing impaired of HBsAg secretion (e.g., G119R, Q129R, T140I, and G145R) was detected only in advanced liver disease patients. This is the first study to use ultradeep sequencing for the detection of MHR variants of HBV quasispecies in Indonesian patients. We found that a greater number of MHR variations was related to disease severity and reduced likelihood of HBsAg titer.
Association of a functional deficit of the BKCa channel, a synaptic regulator of neuronal excitability, with autism and mental retardation.

OBJECTIVE Autism is a complex, largely genetic psychiatric disorder. In the majority of cases, the cause of autism is not known, but there is strong evidence for a genetic etiology. To identify candidate genes, the physical mapping of balanced chromosomal aberrations is a powerful strategy, since several genes have been characterized in numerous disorders. In this study, the authors analyzed a balanced reciprocal translocation arising de novo in a subject with autism and mental retardation. METHOD The authors performed the physical mapping of the balanced 9q23/10q22 translocation by fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments using bacterial artificial chromosome clones covering the areas of interest. RESULTS Findings revealed that the KCNMA1 gene, which encodes the alpha-subunit of the large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channel, a synaptic regulator of neuronal excitability, is physically disrupted. Further molecular and functional analyses showed the haploinsufficiency of this gene as well as decreased activity of the coded BK(Ca )channel. This activity can be enhanced in vitro by addition of a BK(Ca )channel opener (BMS-204352). Further mutational analyses on 116 autistic subjects led to the identification of an amino acid substitution located in a highly conserved domain of the protein not found in comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a possible association between a functional defect of the BK(Ca) channel and autistic disorder and raise the hypothesis that deficits in synaptic transmission may contribute to the physiopathology of autism and mental deficiency.
Correlation Between Specific Immunity to a Metabolite of Halothane and Hepatic Lesions After Multiple Exposures

A correlation between the use of halogenated anesthetic agents and liver necrosis is not yet established in man. In an attempt to resolve this dilemma, guinea pigs were immunized with a complex of guinea-pig albumin and trifluoroacetate (TFA), a common metabolite of halothane and fluroxene, and then exposed to halothane on multiple occasions. Histology and liver-function tests showed no difference in the incidence of liver damage between groups of animals immune to TFA with cellular immunity and untreated control animals. However, a difference in the liver enzyme levels was seen between controls and animals showing humoral immunity.
Relationship of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome represent significant risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to see how frequently metabolic syndrome occurred in patients with OSA and whether the presence of metabolic syndrome was correlated with age, sex, or severity of OSA. METHODS We examined the records of 250 consecutive patients referred to our Sleep Disorders Center to have polysomnography for the evaluation of OSA and extracted clinical data from the patients' medical records. We compared the proportion of patients with OSA and metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia to the group without OSA. We also did subgroup analysis by age and sex. RESULTS A total of 228 patients were included in the study. Of 146 patients with OSA, 88 (60%) had metabolic syndrome, whereas 33 of 82 patients (40%) without significant OSA had metabolic syndrome (p = .004). The proportion with hypertension was significantly higher in the OSA group (77% vs 51%; p = .001). The proportion of patients with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was not significantly different between the 2 groups. In men older than age 50 years, there was a significantly higher than expected proportion of OSA patients with metabolic syndrome and in the proportion with hypertension but not with a diagnosis of diabetes or dyslipidemia. In women (both older and younger than age 50), and in men younger than age 50, there was not an independent relationship between metabolic syndrome and OSA. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OSA have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension was significantly greater in the OSA group. No significant differences were noted between the 2 groups in the proportion of patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Sympathovagal interaction during mental stress. A study using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy control subjects and patients with a prior myocardial infarction.

We tested the hypothesis that psychological stress testing in the clinical laboratory provokes changes in the sympathetic and vagal activities regulating heart rate that can be assessed noninvasively using spectral analysis of RR variability. To account for the effects on respiration produced by talking, this study was performed with two different procedures: the I.K. T. (i.e., a computer-controlled mental task that is performed in silence and does not entail human confrontation) and a stressful interview. Finally, we assessed whether ischemic heart disease modifies the spectral changes induced by psychological stress by comparing a group of healthy subjects (age, 38 +/- 2 years) with a group of patients (age, 52 +/- 3 years) recovering from 1-month-old myocardial infarctions. The findings indicate that psychological stress induced marked changes in the sympathovagal balance, which moved toward sympathetic predominance. The low-frequency component of RR variability, a marker of sympathetic activity, increased from 58 +/- 5 normalized units (NU) to 68 +/- 3 NU with the I.K. T. and to 76 +/- 3 NU with the interview. This increase was absent in the group of post-myocardial infarction patients. However, arterial pressure increased significantly in both groups of subjects. The possibility of age playing an important role in determining the differences observed was disproved by the findings of a marked increase in low frequency with mental stimuli in an additional group of borderline hypertensive subjects with ages (55 +/- 2 years) comparable to those of post-myocardial infarction patients.
Left ventricular hypertrophy in nondiabetic predialysis CKD.

BACKGROUND Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease, few studies are available before the start of dialysis treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of LVH in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not yet undergoing renal replacement therapy. METHODS We investigated 244 nondiabetic patients with CKD; 57 patients (42 men; age, 20 to 78 years) had stages 1 to 2 CKD and 187 patients (122 men; age, 18 to 77 years) had stages 3 to 5 CKD. Fifty-two normotensive healthy subjects served as controls. Each patient had blood pressure (BP) measured by means of 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and left ventricular mass index (LVMi) assessed by means of M-mode echocardiography. Creatinine clearance was estimated by means of the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and hemoglobin, serum lipid, and intact parathyroid hormone concentrations and daily urinary protein excretion were assessed by using routine methods. RESULTS In the overall group, prevalences of arterial hypertension and LVH were 66% and 74%, respectively. LVMi was 160 +/- 50 g/m2 body surface area and associated directly with age (P = 0.0013), duration of arterial hypertension (P = 0.0075), 24-hour systolic BP (P = 0.0113), pulse pressure (P = 0.0003), daytime (P = 0.0206) and nighttime systolic BP (P = 0.0059), and urinary protein excretion (P < 0.05) and inversely with creatinine clearance (P = 0.0103) and hemoglobin level (P = 0.0276). In patients with CKD stages 1 to 2 (LVH prevalence, 51%), age, duration of arterial hypertension, pulse pressure, and urinary protein excretion were significant predictors of LVMi (P < 0.00002) by using stepwise regression analysis, whereas in those with CKD stages 3 to 5 (LVH prevalence, 78%), pulse pressure emerged as the sole predictor of LVMi (P = 0.0011). CONCLUSION The prevalence of LVH in nondiabetic predialysis patients with CKD is greater than previously reported, and there is evidence that LVH already is present in the early stages of renal disease. Arterial hypertension is associated with LVH in patients with CKD, and the strong relationship between elevated pulse pressure and LVH in those with more advanced CKD suggests that increased arterial stiffness might have a role for LVH well before the start of dialysis therapy.
Clusters of glycolipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins in lymphoid cells : accumulation of actin regulated by local tyrosine phosphorylation

Lateral cross‐linking of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins and glycosphingolipids can trigger a signaling cascade which leads to activation of lymphoid cells. A possible explanation how the signal is transduced through the plasma membrane has arisen from the concept of raft sphingolipid‐cholesterol microdomains in cell membranes. Cross‐linking of GPI‐anchored proteins, glycolipids and other raft components leads to the formation of stabilized membrane patches in the plasma membrane which enrich members of the Src‐tyrosine kinase family. We have studied cellular responses to raft patch formation in the Jurkat T cell line and in particular changes in the actin cytoskeleton. We found that raft patches formed by GPI‐anchored CD59 protein and the ganglioside GM1 accumulate filamentous actin. Most interestingly, we observed a strong accumulation of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins in raft patches, strongly supporting the view that they can function as centers of signal transduction. Using a Lck kinase‐deficient variant of Jurkat cells and a specific Lck and Fyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor we found that enrichment of actin in raft patches is dependent on phosphotyrosine accumulation in the patches. These observations show a link between raft‐mediated signaling and the interaction of actin cytoskeleton with raft membrane domains.
Reduction in myocardial infarct size by basic fibroblast growth factor after temporary coronary occlusion in a canine model.

BACKGROUND Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to reduce infarct size in canine acute myocardial infarction; however, the mechanism of tissue salvage remains uncertain. We evaluated the effect of bFGF on infarct size in a model of acute infarction in which coronary occlusion was followed by prolonged reperfusion and sought to determine whether reperfusion attenuates the stimulus for myocardial neovascularization. METHODS AND RESULTS Anesthetized dogs undergoing 4-hour balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery were treated with intracoronary bFGF (n = 8) or vehicle (n = 6). Ten-microgram doses of bFGF were administered 10 minutes after occlusion and again immediately before reperfusion. Left ventriculograms were obtained before occlusion, after reperfusion, and preceding euthanasia on day 7. Infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was reduced in bFGF-treated dogs (13.7 +/- 2.1% versus 28 +/- 3.4%; P = .002). Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction, capillary density, and cellular proliferation-assessed immunohistochemically with factor VIII and proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibodies-were similar in both groups. To assess coronary vasomotor responses to bFGF, a separate hemodynamic study was performed in five anesthetized nonischemic dogs in which incremental bFGF doses up to 100 micrograms induced no vasodilator response. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with bFGF was associated with a reduction in infarct size without hemodynamic effects or evidence of neovascularization. These data suggest that bFGF mediates myocardial salvage independently of angiogenesis and that reperfusion after infarction may attenuate the stimulus for neovascularization.
Temperature-Insensitive Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Nanoparticle Magnetic Fluid and Photonic Crystal Fiber

A novel magnetic field sensor based on the magnetic fluid and Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed. The sensor takes advantage of the tunable refractive index property of the magnetic fluid and the modal interference property of the collapsed photonic crystal fiber. The achieved sensitivity and resolution of the sensor are 2.367 pm/Oe and 4.22 Oe, respectively. The magnetic field sensor is insensitive to the temperature variation with a temperature coefficient of 3.2 pm/°C.