Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One decade of parallel fine (PM 2.5 ) and coarse (PM 10 ???PM 2.5 ) particulate matter measurements in Europe: trends and variability

Abstract. The trends and variability of PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM coarse concentrations at seven urban and rural background stations in five European countries for the period between 1998 and 2010 were investigated. Collocated or nearby PM measurements and meteorological observations were used in order to construct Generalized Additive Models, which model the effect of each meteorological variable on PM concentrations. In agreement with previous findings, the most important meteorological variables affecting PM concentrations were wind speed, wind direction, boundary layer depth, precipitation, temperature and number of consecutive days with synoptic weather patterns that favor high PM concentrations. Temperature has a negative relationship to PM 2.5 concentrations for low temperatures and a positive relationship for high temperatures. The stationary point of this relationship varies between 5 and 15 °C depending on the station. PM coarse concentrations increase for increasing temperatures almost throughout the temperature range. Wind speed has a monotonic relationship to PM 2.5 except for one station, which exhibits a stationary point. Considering PM coarse , concentrations tend to increase or stabilize for large wind speeds at most stations. It was also observed that at all stations except one, higher PM 2.5 concentrations occurred for east wind direction, compared to west wind direction. Meteorologically adjusted PM time series were produced by removing most of the PM variability due to meteorology. It was found that PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations decrease at most stations. The average trends of the raw and meteorologically adjusted data are −0.4 μg m −3 yr −1 for PM 10 and PM 2.5 size fractions. PM coarse have much smaller trends and after averaging over all stations, no significant trend was detected at the 95% level of confidence. It is suggested that decreasing PM coarse in addition to PM 2.5 can result in a faster decrease of PM 10 in the future. The trends of the 90th quantile of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were examined by quantile regression in order to detect long term changes in the occurrence of very large PM concentrations. The meteorologically adjusted trends of the 90th quantile were significantly larger (as an absolute value) on average over all stations (−0.6 μg m −3 yr −1 ).
Supplementation strategies for dairy cows kept in tropical grass pastures

Objetivou-se avaliar estrategias de suplementacao sobre o consumo de forragem e nutrientes, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo, producao e composicao do leite, eficiencia alimentar, balanco de compostos nitrogenados e variacao de peso corporal de vacas leiteiras mantidas em pastos de capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) no periodo seco do ano. Foram utilizadas oito vacas mesticas HolandesXZebu no terco final de lactacao, com peso medio de 505±44 kg e producao de leite inicial de 9,0±1,44 kg dia-1, em delineamento quadrado latino 4X4 duplo. O experimento consistiu de quatro periodos experimentais de 17 dias cada, sendo nove dias inicias para adaptacao e oito dias para coleta de dados. Os tratamentos consistiram de mistura mineral e suplementos (energetico, proteico ou multiplo) fornecidos na quantidade de 2 kg por vaca dia-1. Os suplementos promoveram aumento no consumo de materia seca e nutrientes (P 0,05). Foi observado aumento (P 0,05) na eficiencia alimentar. O desempenho de vacas leiteiras mantidas em pastagem de graminea tropical pode ser melhorado com o uso de suplementacao concentrada de 0,40% do peso corporal dia-1, sem comprometer o consumo de forragem dos animais.
1 IS THE DEBT INTOLERANCE APPROACH RIGHT ? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

The main task of this article is to assess the recent external debt dynamics in middle-income economies and try to understand how this debt has evolved over time. Then, we intend to shed light on the main hypothesis associated with the well-known “debt intolerance” approach. According to this approach the propensity to default of some developing countries is frequently associated with their history of default and inflation. Our empirical findings suggest that the way developing economies borrow, that is, the debt denomination is still far more important to explain the debt dynamics than the domestic weakness in accepting default and fiscal avoidance. Key-Words: External Debt; Developing Countries; Debt Intolerance; Sustainability Assessment. JEL Classifications: F34; F37; F41; C23.
Genetic Algorithm with Evolutionary Chain-Based Mutation and Its Applications

Mutation is one of the important opera,tors in genetic algorithm. In traditional genetic algorithm, mutation is activated stochastically. In this way it is unknown and cannot be controlled for which individuals to be mutated. Therefore, it is unavoidable that some good individuals are destroyed by mutation and then the evolutionary efficiency of the genetic algorithm is dampened. Owing to this kind of destructivity of mutation, the operator of mutation has to be limited within a very small probability, and the potentiality of mutation is consequently limited. In this paper, we present an evolutionary chain-based mutation and a control strategy of reasonable competition, in which the heuristic information provided by the evaluation function is well utilized. This method avoids the blindness of stochastic mutation. The performance improved in this method is shown by two examples, a fuzzy modeling for the identification of a nonlinear function and a typical combinatorial optimization problem-the traveling salesman problem.
Physical rehabilitation of low back pain based on a conceptual system approaches

In Europe, back pain is a common disease, this is according to European statistics. In accordance with the new case, the pain each year occurs in 5% of the population. The aim of this work is to develop a conceptual approaches to the physical rehabilitation process at the surgical treatment of patients with back pain. Materials and methods. There was researched an experience of the domestic and foreign researches in physical rehabilitation area. Methods of the research were the analysis of the references and theoretical research methods (as an analysis, interpretation and synthesis of scientific and educational literature on the study problem. Abstraction (or idealization and schematization) is the allocation of the essential foundations. Also we used experimenting with schemes (as a development of their content, sophistication and usability testing) at development of concepts, practical models and physical rehabilitation programs. Results. The physical rehabilitation concept at the surgical treatment of patients with back pain was developed, given by the modern science in the diagnostics field, performing difficult complex spinal surgery with the using of new tools and the knowledge from the physical rehabilitation improvement. Conclusions. The using of a systematic methodology for physical rehabilitation in the surgical treatment of patients with vertebral pathology, helps to optimize research, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative and preventive measures, providing them with the required comprehensiveness, consistency, orderliness. Лазарева Елена, Цеслицка Мирослава, Станкевич Блазей, Мушкета Радослав, Прусик Кристоф. Концептуальные под
Influence of mechanochemical activation of a charge on properties of mullite-tialite materials

The influence of mechanochemical activation (MCA) of a kaolin-containing charge on the strength of mullite-tialite materials (obtained using methods of semidry molding and polymeric matrix duplication) was studied. It is shown that spectral and X-ray indexes of crystallinity of kaolin activated under similar conditions could be used as criteria of MCA efficiency. Parameters of mullite-tialite charge (containing kaolin, alumina and anatase) activation were optimized.
IVDA: Intelligent Real-time Video Detection Agent for Virtual Classroom Presentation

Audiovisual streaming has been extensively used in synchronous virtual classroom applications. Until recently, content-based processing has rarely being used in real-time streaming. We present in this paper, an intelligent system that uses state-of-art video processing and computer vision technologies that can automatically respond to various video events defined by a set of pre-programmed rules. This intelligent system performs object acquisition, automatic video editing and student multimedia presentation synchronization which can leverage both the capabilities and efficiencies in multimedia streaming for a real-time synchronous virtual classroom. We present detailed discussions of the four major advantages of the system, namely, inexpensive hardware, automation, versatilities and environment adaptabilities as well as natural teaching flow. We describe the system in detail, illustrating the main cutting edge video processing algorithms being incorporated as well as our own research findings in an effort to enhance the performance over the existing algorithms used in virtual classrooms. We also show the implementation of the current prototype system as well as explore its potential in future E-learning applications.
Export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate from temperate forested catchments: a possible new index for nitrogen saturation

Abstract. To clarify the biological processing of nitrate within temperate forested catchments using unprocessed atmospheric nitrate exported from each catchment as a tracer, we continuously monitored stream nitrate concentrations and stable isotopic compositions, including 17O excess (Δ17O), in three forested catchments in Japan (KJ, IJ1, and IJ2) for more than 2 years. The catchments showed varying flux-weighted average nitrate concentrations of 58.4, 24.4, and 17.1 µmol L−1 in KJ, IJ1, and IJ2, respectively, which correspond to varying export fluxes of nitrate: 76.4, 50.1, and 35.1 mmol m−2 in KJ, IJ1, and IJ2, respectively. In addition to stream nitrate, nitrate concentrations and stable isotopic compositions in soil water were determined for comparison in the most nitrate-enriched catchment (site KJ). While the 17O excess of nitrate in soil water showed significant seasonal variation, ranging from +0.1 ‰ to +5.7 ‰ in KJ, stream nitrate showed small variation, from +0.8 ‰ to +2.0 ‰ in KJ, +0.7 ‰ to +2.8 ‰ in IJ1, and +0.4 ‰ to +2.2 ‰ in IJ2. We conclude that the major source of stream nitrate in each forested catchment is groundwater nitrate. Additionally, the significant seasonal variation found in soil nitrate is buffered by the groundwater nitrate. The estimated annual export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate accounted for 9.4 %±2.6 %, 6.5 %±1.8 %, and 2.6 %±0.6 % of the annual deposition flux of atmospheric nitrate in KJ, IJ1, and IJ2, respectively. The export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate relative to the deposition flux showed a clear normal correlation with the flux-weighted average concentration of stream nitrate, indicating that reductions in the biological assimilation rates of nitrate in forested soils, rather than increased nitrification rates, are likely responsible for the elevated stream nitrate concentration, probably as a result of nitrogen saturation. The export flux of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate relative to the deposition flux in each forest ecosystem is applicable as an index for nitrogen saturation.
Effective Data Access Control in Mobile Cloud Computing Using LDSS CP-ABE

Mobile Cloud Computing is an information technology paradigm that enables ubiquitous access to shared pools of configurable system resources provisioned with minimum management effort. Since the personal data is being stored and retrieved from the cloud. Data security problem become an obstacle for further developments. Although substantial studies have been conducted to improve the cloud security, most of them are not applicable for mobile cloud, as these mobile devices are generally less powerful and consume more energy. Solutions in with low computational overhead are in great need. In this paper, we have proposed a lightweight data secure scheme(LDSS) for mobile cloud computing. It adopts the CP-ABE, an access control technology used in normal cloud environment, but changes the structure of access control tree to mobile it suitable for mobile cloud environment. External proxy servers are being introduced for mobile devices to reduce computational overhead. The probing outcome of the scheme LDSS, effectively reduces the overhead on the mobile devices.
Diet of the frog Phrynobatrachus latifrons Ahl 1924 in two types of anthropogenic wetlands in West Africa

We studied the diet of Phrynobatrachus latifrons in Daloa city shallows and Aghien freshwater lagoon wetland of Ivory Coast to understand diet regarding habitat types and food choice. Four prey categories were identified: Insecta, Myriapoda, Invertebrate debris and Plant material. Insects prey category, preferentially coleopterans and hymenopterans (Formicidae), were mainly consumed by this frog (abundance ≥86%, occurrence ≥ 65 %). Four insects order were absent to the diet of P. latifrons from Aghien lagoon. Conversely dipterans and trichoptera were absent to the diet of specimens from Daloa sites. Myriapoda and Plant materials were occasionally preyed in all sites (abundance ≤ 11%, occurrence ≤ 27%). Whatever the sex considered, the diet of this species was preferentially based on coleopterans and hymenopterans in all study sites. Though in Daloa shallows, female secondary preyed on lepidopteran. These prey compositions never differed significantly. Hence, this study revealed that P. latifrons is insectivorous.
The Methodology of Positive Accounting

Jensen, Watts and Zimmerman (referred to hereafter, following Jensen [I 9761, as "the Rochester School of Accounting") have charged that most accounting theories are "unscientific" because they are "normative. " They advocate the development of "positive" theories to explain actual accounting practice. The program of the Rochester School raises a number of methodological issues that are addressed in this article. First, it is argued that the Rochester School's criticism of traditional accounting theory is off the mark because of a failure to distinguish between two different levels of phenomena. Second, it is argued that the concept of "positive" theory is based on the misconception (derived from nineteenth-century positivism) that empirical science is concerned solely with the actual, with "what is. " Empirical theories, it is shown, are negative in their import; they state what is to be taken as empirically impossible. Third, it is shown that "negative" theories of the sort described in this article are exactly what is needed in predictive, explanatory, and normative reasoning. Finally, it is argued that the standards advocated by the Rochester School for the appraisal of their own theories are so weak that those theories fail to satisfy Popper's [I 9591 proposal for demarking science from
8 Evaluating Full Lemmatization of Croatian Texts

The chapter presents the implementation and evaluation of a module for full lemmatization of Croatian texts. The module implements several lemmatization procedures, all of them based on merging outputs of the previously developed stochastic morphosyntactic tagger CroTag and the inflectional lexicon of Croatian. Evaluation of the lemmatization module on two test cases, simulating realistic and ideal operating conditions, provided full lemmatization accuracy scores of 96.96 and 98.15 percent on a newspaper corpus, respectively. It is also shown that a majority of errors in this framework, 57.14 percent in the realistic testing scenario, occur on word forms with external homography. Moreover, approximately 80 percent of all lemmatization errors occur on nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs in that particular order. Language resources, testing environment and procedure descriptions are provided in the chapter along with a discussion of obtained results and possible future research directions.
Risk of infant anemia in 3-6 months old babies and its association with maternal anemia

Nutrition is the key factor in child’s growth and development especially during the first two years of life. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world especially in developing countries. Iron plays an important role in many metabolic processes, including oxygen transport, oxidative metabolism, and cellular growth. During infancy, inadequate supply of iron resulting in iron-deficiency anemia is associated with more risk of infectious diseases, impaired growth, and poor psychomotor development which is often irreversible even after the correction of anemia. Increased incidence of breath holding spells and febrile seizures have also been reported with iron deficiency anemia. During pregnancy, maternal serum ferritin usually falls markedly between 12 25 weeks of gestation probably due to rapid utilization of iron for the expansion of maternal red blood cell mass. Most iron transfer from mother to the fetus occurs after 30 weeks of gestation. This transfer of iron from the mother to the fetus is supported by a substantial increase in maternal iron absorption and is regulated by the placenta when the receptors for iron located on the apical surface of placental syncytiotrophoblast gradually increases near term. The capacity of this system may be inadequate to maintain iron transfer to the fetus when the mother is iron deficient. Maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy may ABSTRACT
RESOLUTION OF THE COMPACT RADIO CONTINUUM SOURCES IN Arp220

We present 2 cm and 3.6 cm wavelength very long baseline interferometry images of the compact radio continuum sources in the nearby ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Arp220. Based on their radio spectra and variability properties, we confirm these sources to be a mixture of supernovae (SNe) and supernova remnants (SNRs). Of the 17 detected sources we resolve 7 at both wavelengths. The SNe generally only have upper size limits. In contrast all the SNRs are resolved with diameters ⩾0.27 pc. This size limit is consistent with them having just entered their Sedov phase while embedded in an interstellar medium (ISM) of density 104 cm−3. These objects lie on the diameter–luminosity correlation for SNRs (and so also on the diameter–surface brightness relation) and extend these correlations to very small sources. The data are consistent with the relation L∝D−9/4. Revised equipartition arguments adjusted to a magnetic field to a relativistic particle energy density ratio of 1% combined with a reasonable synchrotron-emitting volume filling factor of 10% give estimated magnetic field strengths in the SNR shells of ∼15–50 mG. The SNR shell magnetic fields are unlikely to come from compression of ambient ISM fields and must instead be internally generated. We set an upper limit of 7 mG for the ISM magnetic field. The estimated energy in relativistic particles, 2%–20% of the explosion kinetic energy, is consistent with estimates from models that fit the IR–radio correlation in compact starburst galaxies.
Sementes de café são mesmo tolerantes à dessecação

Obtaining coffee tree seedlings, the main form of coffee tree propagation, is hindered by slow, uneven germination and low tolerance to desiccation and coffee seed longevity. Coffee seeds have been considered recalcitrant, orthodox and later, intermediate, but the ideal conditions for their medium and long term conservation are still uncertain. There are considerable divergences among the research results, but recommendations have been made that the seeds should be stored with 10%bu moisture, under hermetic conditions and low temperatures. Thus, further considering that the research in coffee seeds has been carried out only under laboratory conditions, the objective of this study was to verify the quality of coffee seedlings produced from seeds stored with moistures of 47, 18 and 12% wb at 10 and 20C. The seed physiological quality was assessed after harvest and drying and again after nine months storage, by the germination test and the quality of the coffee seedlings obtained in a nursery, by the emergence speed index, final stand and several coffee seedling quality. The results indicated that the cherry maturity stage produced better quality seeds and coffee seedlings as well, and that seeds lose vigor after drying. After storage at 10C, the cherry stage seeds present better germination and vigor; 20C was not suitable for storage, especially for the seeds with 18% moisture, whose quality declined drastically. Although seeds at the cherry stage with 47 and 12% moisture, stored at 10C, present the best performances, the seedlings possess leaf area five times smaller, stem height three times shorter and they had 1.7 times fewer pairs of true leaves than commercial coffee trees produced shortly after harvesting the seeds. Interestingly, seeds at the greenish-yellow stage stored at 20C, with better health quality, present high germination and coffee seedlings with performance similar to the best treatment that strongly indicating the influence of the health factor in the seed quality during storage, conducting to equivocal interpretations. These results indicate that even though coffee seeds tolerate relative desiccation, they do not produce suitable seedlings after storage for planting, and that interactions among physiological and pathological factors can effects the seed quality during the storage, conducting to equivocal interpretations. So, it suggests that the classification of coffee seed storage behavior has to be reviewed. VI Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil
Additions to the Opisthobranch Fauna of Nicobar Group of Islands, India

Opisthobranchia (Phylum: Mollusca) are one of the least studied groups in India, and very little is known from remotely located islands like Nicobar. Recent marine faunistic surveys conducted at Nicobar Group of Islands in the intertidal and subtidal zones revealed the presence of four opisthobranchs viz. Phanerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828), Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855), Phyllidiopsis krempfi Pruvot-Fol, 1957 and Herviella mietta Marcus & Burch, 1965 which are herein reported as new distributional records to Nicobar group of Islands and morphological descriptions of all the four reported species are enumerated.
The profile and detection of bribery in Norway and England & Wales: A comparative study

This paper provides the first significant profile of offenders convicted of bribery in England & Wales (E&W) and Norway, based upon a sample of 75 cases from E&W and 46 from Norway, which were collected through searches of the media and other relevant sources between 2003 and 2015. The paper provides a profile of bribe payers and takers: in both E&W and Norway they are predominantly male, middle aged and involved in a median bribe of between £20,000 and £30,000; the sectors experiencing the most bribes paid are public administration and defence and the sector paying the most bribes is construction. In both countries, the period from the start of the crime to conviction was around six years. The paper also notes some significant differences between the two countries. In Norway there was a larger percentage of higher-grade professionals involved in bribery and in E&W detection by law enforcement was more common, suggesting greater interest by such bodies. The average sentence received by offenders was also slightly higher in E&W. The paper offers many other insights into the characteristics of bribery in the two countries in a rarely researched area.