Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO profiles and columns using ground-based zenith-sky DOAS observations at Harestua, 60N

A profiling algorithm based on the optimal estimation method is applied to ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible measurements from Harestua, Southern Norway (60 N, 11 E) in order to retrieve BrO vertical profiles. The sensitivity of the zenith-sky observations to the tropospheric BrO detection is increased by using for the spectral analysis a fixed reference spectrum corresponding to clear-sky noon summer conditions. The information content and retrieval errors are characterized and it is shown that the retrieved stratospheric profiles and total columns are consistent with correlative balloon and satellite observations, respectively. Tropospheric BrO columns are derived from profiles retrieved at 80 solar zenith angle during sunrise and sunset for the 2000– 2006 period. They show a marked seasonality with mean column value ranging from 1.52 ±0.62×1013 molec/cm2 in late winter/early spring to 0.92 ±0.38×1013 molec/cm2 in summer, which corresponds to 1.0 ± . 4 and 0.6±0.2 pptv, respectively, if we assume that BrO is uniformly mixed in the troposphere. These column values are also consistent with previous estimates made from balloon, satellite, and other ground-based observations. Daytime (10:30 LT) tropospheric BrO columns are compared to the p-TOMCAT 3-D tropospheric chemical transport model (CTM) for the 2002– 2003 period.p-TOMCAT shows a good agreement with the retrieved columns except in late winter/early spring where an underestimation by the model is obtained. This finding could be explained by the non-inclusion of sea-ice bromine sources in the current version of p-TOMCAT. Therefore the model cannot reproduce the possible transport of air-masses with enhanced BrO concentration due to bromine explosion Correspondence to: F. Hendrick (franch@oma.be) events from the polar region to Harestua. The daytime stratospheric BrO columns are compared to the SLIMCAT stratospheric 3-D-CTM. The model run used in this study, which assumes 21.2 pptv for the Br y loading (15 pptv for long-lived bromine species and additional 6 pptv for very short-lived species (VSLS) added by a scaling of CH 3Br), significantly underestimates the retrieved BrO columns. A sensitivity study shows that a good agreement can only be obtained if 6 to 8 pptv accounting for VSLS are added directly (and not by a scaling of CH3Br) to the SLIMCAT long-lived bromine species profile. This contribution of the VSLS to the total bromine loading is also consistent with recently published studies.
CS265/CME309: Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Analysis Lecture #11: The Probabilistic Method Continued: Second-Moment Method and Lovasz Local Lemma

2. The “expectation argument”: if we can design a random process such that creates some (random) object X , and function f for which E[f(X)] ≥ α, then there must exist an object w for which f(w) ≥ α. [We used this approach to argue that for every graph, there is a partition that cuts at least half the edges, and for any k-SAT formula, there exists an assignment that satisfies at least a (1− 1/2) fraction of clauses. ]
Automated Preliminary Design of Induction Machines Aided by Artificial Neural Networks

$A$ method for an automated preliminary design of induction machines with squirrel-cage rotors is presented. The speciality of this method is the use of artificial n eural networks. Based on input parameters like voltage, frequency, number of pole pairs and output power a motor design is examined. The motor design can be influenced witho ptional p arameters. The design process uses artificial neural networks to determine several geometric quantities e.g. the stator slot geometry as well as the rotor slot geometry. Moreover, different numbers of rotor slots are considered during the design process to evaluate the parasitic behavior with the corresponding number of stator slots. To show the functionality and clarify the benefits o f t his a pproach, two examples are examined and compared to commercially available machines. The automated preliminary design can be a starting point for further optimization.
The Long and Short Term Volatility Modeling for Load Series based on ARCH Type Models

This paper applies non-classical econometrics models to examine the characteristics of load time series, a flexible autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) type models is adopted to analyze the typical volatility facts such as clustering volatility, asymmetric impact and long memory volatility among others. Then we have a positive research on the long and short term volatility modeling for load series based on ARCH type models, from the empirical out-of-sample forecasts, it appears that there is no different in the positive-negative direction between the long and short term fluctuation process and the asymmetry between the positive and negative impact is obvious. KeywordsARCH; Volatility; Time series; Fluctuation
Activation of TRPV4 causes bronchoconstriction: A possible role in respiratory disease?

TRPV4 is a calcium permeable member of the Transient Receptor Potential family of ion channels. It is expressed in human airway smooth muscle cells where it is thought to play a role in sensing osmolarity and pH changes within the lung (Jia,Y. et al , AJPLCMP 2004,287:272-278). During studies exploring the role of TRPV4 in the activation of airway sensory nerves, we observed that the selective agonist caused a substantial, sustained bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig (GP). As osmolarity and pH are known to be altered in respiratory diseases and excessive bronchoconstriction is a cardinal feature of the diseases, we hypothesised that TRPV4 activation could play a central role. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TRPV4 in contraction of the trachea and bronchi in the GP and also in donor human tissue. Using an anaesthetised GP preparation, the TRPV4 agonist, GSK1016790a, was found to cause a substantial, sustained contraction of GP trachea, and also caused a concentration dependant increase of PenH in the conscious GP model. In vitro , isolated tracheal tissue from GPs and bronchial and tracheal strips from human lungs were sutured to force-displacement transducers in 10ml organ baths. GSK1016790a caused marked, concentration dependant contraction of both GP and human tissue, which was inhibited by the selective TRPV4 antagonist, HC-067047. In summary, we have shown that activation of TRPV4 can cause bronchoconstriction in anaesthetised and conscious GPs. Furthermore, similar results were obtained using isolated human and GP airway smooth muscle. These results indicate that TRPV4 may play a central role in the bronchoconstriction observed in respiratory diseases such as asthma.
Social Influence Maximization for Public Health Campaigns

With the rapid growth of online medical treatments, social media has become a prevalent platform to spread health-related information. For public health campaigns, how to diffuse the message broadly and efficiently in the social network is a classical problem, which is named Influence Maximization (IM). IM can be considered as an algorithmic problem of finding a small set of network users as seed nodes that maximizes the spread of influence for a piece of information under a certain influence cascade model. With a lot of researches focusing on this field, most existing solutions are proposed to extract seed nodes only considering pure topological structures. In practice, nodes in health-related networks are often abundantly accompanied with other types of meaningful information such as node attributes (identity), second-order proximity, and edge attributes (user relationship), while conventional IM models overlook these information. Therefore, a general framework for incorporating the heterogeneous information into an IM model could be potentially helpful to find underlying seed nodes in health-related networks. Moreover, the stability and the computational cost are also the main challenges that current IM models face. To bridge these gaps, in this paper, we propose NE-IM (Network Embedding for Influence Maximization), a method that aspires to address both problems using representation learning. NE-IM composes of two components: Structure-based embedding and feature-based embedding. They are the projections of network structures and heterogeneous information respectively in a low dimensional space, so that each node in health-related network can be represented as a fix dimensional vector. Experimental results show that our methods significantly outperform baseline approaches.
Implementation of NoC Router / Switch

Multiprocessor SoC platforms are coming up as an important trend for SoC design. The constraints of wire design and power are forcing SoCs to adopt new methodologies incorporating parallelism and modularity. Scalable interconnects like NoC possessing different features are being studied by different researchers. Interconnect can be characterized by latency energy dissipation, throughput, required area. NoC basically helps in supporting the integration of SoC which consists of on-chip packet and switched network. The comparisons of performance of different NoC architectures have been done in detail. The interconnect experiences some problem for NoC architecture as buses and point links which are used for the communication between IPs, cannot be enough from NoC performance point of view. For this paper, the author has designed a 5 input (core, north, south, east, and west) NoC architecture with 32-bit port width. Cores can access the network by using proper interfaces and forwarding the packets to destination with the help of multihop routing path. The architecture uses wormhole routing and a crossbar switch is used. Router efficiency is important as it is the main component of NoC. Communication speed can be improved using simple routing design, the way the decoding logic is implemented. A parallel router supporting five requests has been implemented. The design has been implemented using the ASIC flow, and simulation results are performed in ModelSim and ISim simulator using Xilinx.
P61 Producing a Safer Bone Allograft by Procesing Single Femoral Heads

Introduction The majority of bone allografts in the UK are supplied as fresh‐frozen single femoral heads which still contain the donor's bone marrow and this donor bone marrow may actually be included in the grafting procedure. Due to the possibility of disease transmission, removal of marrow components from banked allograft femoral heads is desirable. In this study we have set out to develop a protocol to remove donor bone marrow from single femoral heads in a time period and in a manner such that it could be easily implemented into routine production.
Innovation strategies of young Russian employees of enterprises from industrial regions: activity, motivation and obstacles to innovation

The implementation of innovations in production requires an appropriate quality of human capital: to what extent do managers, engineers and workers have sufficient innovative potential to effectively implement, master and even offer innovations? To answer this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of large industrial enterprises employees (n=1050). As long as young people are the most promising resource for innovative development, we have limited the object of study to workers under the age of 30. Respondents were divided into three groups according to their position in the enterprise: managers, engineers, skilled workers. According to the results, skilled workers are almost not included in the process of implementation and development of innovations. As for engineers, they are little involved in the discussion of decisions on the implementation of innovations, they not participate in the development of new projects. Primarily, this remains the prerogative of managers. We identified two types of strategies practiced by young employees of enterprises the “adaptation strategy” (readiness to master new technologies and improve their skills) and “creative strategy” (readiness to offer and develop their projects). The creative type of strategy is found mainly among managers, the adaptation strategy is found among all categories of employees.
1.1: Charged Lipids

Lipids comprise a diverse group of compounds that include fats, waxes, sterols, phospholipids and many others. The functions associated with lipids are just as diverse, and include membrane structure, signaling, and energy storage. While most lipids are composed of non-polar hydrocarbon structures, other lipids can contain positively and/or negatively charged elements, the nature of which imparts particular physical properties that give charged lipids structural and functional versatility. This Wiki page will describe the structure and function of some of the charged lipids commonly encountered in biology, with the majority of the information obtained from Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry (1), unless otherwise noted.
An Analysis of Mass Matrix Lumping in NIMROD

There is often a physical basis for lumping. In structural dynamics problems, “lumping” simply means assuming all of the mass is at the nodes in the problem. In this context, this is a reasonable physical approximation. It should be noted that in general there is not a mathematical basis for ad hoc lumping of mass matrices, and hence no reason to expect a priori that the convergence rate of an algorithm will be maintained. In NIMROD, the mass matrix arises as a result of the expansion into polynomial basis functions for a weak form of the problem [6]. Note that if the basis functions were orthogonal over the element, there would be no off-diagonal terms in the integral. One can make the rough interpretation that lumping is the approximation that the basis functions are actually orthogonal. This interpretation will return when we discuss optimal lumping in a later section. As a quantitative example of how mass matrices arise, take the example of pressure. First we do the basis function expansion of pressure, p → ∑j pjαj(x). Then, use this in the weak form of the problem by multiplying by the test function and then integrating over volume. You will arrive at an equation
Studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy cows of Jammu and Kashmir.

Received: Revised: Accepted: April 19, 2014 April 01, 2014 May 07, 2014 A total of 800 individual quarter milk samples were subjected to the California mastitis test, 413 samples of 130 cows (74.61% crossbred and 25.38% native) were positive, 16 (81.25% crossbred and 18.75% native) of them were in the age group of 2-4 years. 71.53% cows within age group of 5-7 years had subclinical mastitis and only 16.15% cows within age of 7 years and above had subclinical mastitis. 18.11% California mastitis test positive sample upon cultures were cog+ Staphylococci positive followed by 14.60% which were Streptococci culture positive and only 14.60% milk samples were mixed culture positive. The most effective antibiotics were enrofloxacin (74.93%), gentamycin (67.74%), tetracycline (57.81%) and amoxicillin clavulanic acid (50.37%) respectively. These results show that subclinical mastitis accompanied with analysis of different factors and observations were made that crossbred cows were more struck by subclinical mastitis than native one, youngest cows had the most sensitivity, hot weather increases frequency, major bacterial pathogens was coagulase positive Saphylococci and most effective antibiotics was enrofloxacin. Despite large research efforts aimed to gain knowledge and to develop a new control tools for subclinical mastitis, the occurrence of this disease remains a substantial problem for dairy producers.
Security Proof of ORANGE-Zest

ORANGE is a Round 1 candidate in the NIST LwC competition. The authenticated encription mode in ORANGE is called ORANGEZest. This AEAD scheme is important in the sense that it has rate 1 which is highest among all other Sponge based submissions. In this paper, we give a security bound on ORANGE-Zest. Our security bounds show that it is secure within NIST prescribed Data complexity of 2 bytes and Time complexity 2.
INVESTIGATIONS ON HEALTH OF ANADROMOUS ARCTIC CHAR (SALVELINUS ALPINUS) FROM THE EASTERN CANADIAN ARCTIC ECOSYSTEM

The health of the anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in the Eastern Canadian Arctic ecosystem was studied using histopathological features of the liver and gills as biomarkers. Two study sites were sampled in Northern Québec, the George and Sappukait Rivers. Arctic fish livers were characterised by large lipid and low glycogen accumulations. Some hepatic tissue damage was noted in the study fish including the presence of fatty cysts, nuclear inclusions of glycogen, and cellular separation. The gills of the study fish showed no important tissue alterations. The low concentrations of the heavy metals and organochlorines measured in fish muscle samples preclude the establishment of a causal link between these contaminants and the observed histopathological lesions. Based on the histopathological biomarkers in this study, some of the findings suggest that some adverse health effects are occurring. ÉTUDE DE L’ÉTAT DE SANTÉ DE L’OMBLE CHEVALIER (SALVELINUS ALPINUS) DE L’ÉCOSYSTÈME ARCTIQUE DE L’EST CANADIEN Mot clés : Salvelinus alpinus, Résumé : L’état de santé de l’omble chevalier anadrome (Salvelinus alpinus) de l’écosystème arctique de l’est du Canada a été estimé grâce à des études histopathologiques du foie et des branchies. Les embouchures des rivières George et Sappukait ont été choisies comme sites d’étude dans le nord du Québec et ce, à cause de leur fréquentation comme sites de pêche par les Inuit pour la rivière George particulièrement, et par les études écologiques à Sappukait, entreprises par le MEF. Les foies des ombles chevaliers des deux sites se caractérisent par des accumulations importantes de lipides et les teneurs faibles en glycogène. Des dommages hépatiques ont été observés, tels des kystes gras, des inclusions nucléaires de glycogène et des séparations cellulaires. Par contre les concentrations faibles de métaux et de contaminants de type organochlorés ne nous permettent pas de conclure à un lien causal entre les anomalies hépatiques et la contamination. Toutefois, en se basant sur les observations histologiques, la santé de l’omble chevalier varie selon l’âge et le lieu d’échantillonnage.
Some Issues on Broaching Phenomenon in Following and Quartering Seas

This paper summarises recent research outcomes of the authors on broaching of a ship in following and quartering seas. First, the definition of broaching is revisited using an optimal control theory. Second, an example parametric instability in yaw motion is shown from their numerical simulation for a trimaran. Third, the probability of capsizing due to broaching is presented for a ship in irregular seas. The authors hope these could facilitate fruitful discussion at the workshop.
A High-Efficiency 1 MHz 65 W GaN-Based LLC Resonant DC-DC Converter

This paper presents an LLC resonant DC-DC converter for single-phase offline converters. A 1 MHz 400 V to 48 V prototype employing gallium nitride (GaN) switching devices is designed and implemented. A high-frequency magnetic material is used for the magnetic devices, with the resonant inductor integrated in the transformer. The converter operation is based on soft switching and achieves up to 65 W of output power with a peak efficiency of 96 % at full-load. Inherent load regulation capability is demonstrated from 5 to 65 W of power with fixed switching frequency, while line regulation for 360 to 440 V input is verified with a frequency modulation range of 816 to 1256 kHz respectively.
B. Rex: a dialogue agent for book recommendations

We present B. Rex, a dialogue agent for book recommendations. B. Rex aims to exploit the cognitive ease of natural dialogue and the excitement of a whimsical persona in order to engage users who might not enjoy using more common interfaces for finding new books. B. Rex succeeds in making book recommendations with good quality based on only information revealed by the user in the dialogue.
Systems GMM estimates of the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle for the OECD countries and tests for structural breaks

A systems GMM estimation method is used to estimate the Feldstein-Horioka equation from 1960-2007 with a panel of 12 OECD countries. It is found that the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle exists in a weaker form with a much reduced saving retention coefficient. The Bretton Woods agreement in particular has weakened the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle by significantly improving international capital mobility. In comparison the Maastricht agreement seems to have improved capital mobility only by a small magnitude. The Blundell and Bond approach systems GMM method and the structural break tests of Mancini-Griffoli and Pauwels are used in this paper.
A STUDY ON HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING BASED SOFTWARE RESTRUCTURING

Finding refactorings that can automatically improve the internal structure of a software system is continuously researched in the search based software engineering literature. In this paper we will investigate through a case study, whether the use of unsupervised learning methods (hierarchical clustering) can be beneficial in the process of automatic refactoring identification. We will compare the results of two algorithms (one that uses hierarchical clustering and one that does not) for a case study, and show that the algorithm that uses hierarchical clustering is capable of finding refactorings which are not found by the other algorithm.
Strong consistency is not hard to get: Two-Phase Locking and Two-Phase Commit on Thousands of Cores

Concurrency control is a cornerstone of distributed database engines and storage systems. In pursuit of scalability, a common assumption is that Two-Phase Locking (2PL) and Two-Phase Commit (2PC) are not viable solutions due to their communication overhead. Recent results, however, have hinted that 2PL and 2PC might not have such a bad performance. Nevertheless, there has been no attempt to actually measure how a state-of-the-art implementation of 2PL and 2PC would perform on modern hardware. The goal of this paper is to establish a baseline for concurrency control mechanisms on thousands of cores connected through a low-latency network. We develop a distributed lock table supporting all the standard locking modes used in database engines. We focus on strong consistency in the form of strict serializability implemented through strict 2PL, but also explore read-committed and repeatable-read, two common isolation levels used in many systems. We do not leverage any known optimizations in the locking or commit parts of the protocols. The surprising result is that, for TPC-C, 2PL and 2PC can be made to scale to thousands of cores and hundreds of machines, reaching a throughput of over 21 million transactions per second with 9.5 million New Order operations per second. Since most existing relational database engines use some form of locking for implementing concurrency control, our findings provide a path for such systems to scale without having to significantly redesign transaction management. To achieve these results, our implementation relies on Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA). Today, this technology is commonly available on both Infiniband as well as Ethernet networks, making the results valid across a wide range of systems and platforms, including database appliances, data centers, and cloud environments.