Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamics of Daptomycin against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in the Murine Thigh Infection Model

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) daptomycin MIC susceptibility breakpoint for the treatment of enterococcal infections is ≤4 μg/ml. However, patients receiving daptomycin for the treatment of infections caused by enterococci with MICs of ≤4 μg/ml may experience treatment failures. ABSTRACT The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) daptomycin MIC susceptibility breakpoint for the treatment of enterococcal infections is ≤4 μg/ml. However, patients receiving daptomycin for the treatment of infections caused by enterococci with MICs of ≤4 μg/ml may experience treatment failures. We assessed the pharmacodynamics of daptomycin against enterococci in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model and determined the exposures necessary for bacteriostasis and a 1-log10-CFU reduction of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. We further characterized daptomycin efficacy at clinically achievable exposures. Six E. faecium and 6 E. faecalis isolates (daptomycin MICs, 0.5 to 32 μg/ml) were studied. Daptomycin was administered at various doses over 24 h to achieve area under the free drug concentration-time curve-to-MIC ratios (fAUC0–24/MIC) ranging from 1 to 148. Daptomycin regimens that simulate mean human exposures following doses of 6, 8, and 10 mg/kg of body weight/day were also studied. Efficacy was assessed by the differences in the number of log10 CFU per thigh at 24 h. The Hill equation was used to estimate the fAUC0–24/MIC required to achieve bacteriostasis and a 1-log10-CFU reduction. For E. faecium, a 1-log10-CFU reduction required an fAUC0–24/MIC of 12.9 (R2 = 0.71). For E. faecalis, a 1-log10-CFU reduction was not achieved, while the fAUC0–24/MIC required for stasis was 7.2 (R2 = 0.8). With a human-simulated regimen of 6 mg/kg/day, a 1-log10-CFU reduction was observed in 3/3 E. faecium isolates with MICs of <4 μg/ml and 0/3 E. faecium isolates with MICs of ≥4 μg/ml; however, a 1-log10-CFU reduction was not achieved for any of the 6 E. faecalis isolates. These results, alongside clinical data, prompt a reevaluation of the current breakpoint.
On the borrowing of sokuon/Q/ in words from Korean

Abstract This paper aims to provide a case study of the realization of sokuon /Q/ in words borrowed from Korean into Japanese, a topic which has not been discussed at length in the literature. The Japanese adaptation of foreign words has been widely discussed, but most studies focus on words from English. Looking at Korean-based words in Japanese, however, we encounter certain adaptation patterns that are not necessarily the same as those found for English loanwords. This paper focuses on /Q/ realization in the Japanese adaptation of Korean words from a phonetic perspective, and argues that low-level phonetic information plays an important role in adaptation of Korean words. In addition, comparing these findings with findings on English loanwords in previous studies, it is argued that the difference regarding /Q/ realization between words from Korean and words from English is also attributable to actual phonetic differences between the two source languages.
Chrysanthemum DgWRKY2 Gene Enhances Tolerance to Salt Stress in Transgenic Chrysanthemum

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play a vital part in coping with different stresses. In this study, DgWRKY2 was isolated from Dendranthema grandiflorum. The gene encodes a 325 amino acid protein, belonging to the group II WRKY family, and contains one typical WRKY domain (WRKYGQK) and a zinc finger motif (C-X4-5-C-X22-23-H-X1-H). Overexpression of DgWRKY2 in chrysanthemum enhanced tolerance to high-salt stress compared to the wild type (WT). In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)), proline content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and chlorophyll content of transgenic chrysanthemum, as well as the survival rate of the transgenic lines, were on average higher than that of the WT. On the contrary, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation decreased compared to WT. Expression of the stress-related genes DgCAT, DgAPX, DgZnSOD, DgP5CS, DgDREB1A, and DgDREB2A was increased in the DgWRKY2 transgenic chrysanthemum compared with their expression in the WT. In conclusion, our results indicate that DgWRKY2 confers salt tolerance to transgenic chrysanthemum by enhancing antioxidant and osmotic adjustment. Therefore, this study suggests that DgWRKY2 could be used as a reserve gene for salt-tolerant plant breeding.
Fundamental Aspects of Some Switching Overvoltages on Power Systems

System overvoltages caused by switching are of interest in insulation coordination problems. This paper treats such overvoltages in a graphical fashion, so that a visual concept of overvoltage versus time is provided in both single-and 3-phase cases involving resistive loads, inductive loads, and capacitive loads. As special cases, attention is given to a neutral inversion problem and to a case of coupled circuits.
Single-Sideband Transmission by Envelope Elimination and Restoration

A new type of single-sideband transmitter is described which does not require the use of linear radio-frequency amplifiers. Amplification is accomplished by a process in which the phase-modulation component of the single-sideband wave is amplified by means of Class-C amplifiers, and the amplitude envelope is restored at the final amplifier. Experimental results show performance equal to or better than conventional linear radio-frequency amplifier practices. The over-all efficiency is approximately the same as that of a double-sideband amplitude-modulated transmitter. This system is especially suitable for high-power operation.
A 1.24-GHz monolithic CMOS VCO with phase noise of -137 dBc/Hz at a 3-MHz offset

For the first time, a 1.24-GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with an integrated resonator which satisfies the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) phase noise requirement at a 3-MHz offset is presented. The measured phase noise is -88, -125, and -137 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz, 600-kHz, and 3-MHz offsets, respectively. The VCO is implemented in a low-cost 0.8-μm foundry CMOS process exclusively using pMOS transistors which have greater than one order of magnitude lower 1/f noise than that of nMOS transistors. The tuning range is /spl sim/130 MHz for the control voltages between 0.5 and 3.0 V. The VCO core runs on 22 mA from a 3-V power supply.
Design of Pyrene–Fatty Acid Conjugates for Real-Time Monitoring of Drug Delivery and Controllability of Drug Release

Fluorescence probes are usually employed to analyze pharmacokinetics of drug carriers; however, this method using usual probes is not suitable to monitor drug carriers in detail because fluorescence spectra do not change by the disruption of drug carriers. In this study, pyrene–fatty acid conjugates were investigated as probes to monitor the state of drug carriers in real time. 1-Pyrenemethanol was conjugated with fatty acids, such as lauric acid, stearic acid, and behenic acid, and the conjugates were stirred in ethanol, resulting in the formation of submicron particles; these particles exhibited excimer emission. When J774.1 and Colon 26 cells were treated with these particles, the associated fluorescence spectra shifted from excimer emission to monomer emission. Moreover, the degree of change was controlled by the type of fatty acid. These results support the design of drug carriers that can be used to monitor pharmacokinetics in real time and to control the disruption time.
Very High-Power Long-Wave Broadcasting Station

The most powerful radio broadcasting station in Europe began regular operation in August, 1953. The unique features include a 5.2 million watt complete diesel power station with fuel oil storage of 264,000 gallons. A "vapor phase system" cools the diesel engines. Transmitter metering, tuning, and power controls are centralized in a console type unit. The output of dual high powered transmitters are normally combined, but can be fed separately to the antenna system and dummy load. The over-all efficiency of the transmitter from power source to antenna is over 50 per cent and is unusually stable under extremely heavy modulation. The high-efficiency amplifier employs thoriated-tungsten filament triodes with a power gain of 33. The transmitter-output load has parallel-resonant symmetry. The 12-inch coaxial transmission line feeds an 837-foot top loaded tower optimized fof maximum ground wave. The extensive ground system extends out 0.5 mile from the tower and consists of over 100 miles of no. 6 copper wire.
Enhanced photocatalytic oxygen evolution activity by formation of Ir@IrOx(OH)y core–shell heterostructure

Developing efficient catalysts to accelerate the rate of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for photocatalytic water-splitting. In this work, metallic Ir, IrOx(OH)y, and core–shell Ir@IrOx(OH)y were synthesized and employed as OER catalysts for photocatalytic water oxidation. It was found that the Ir@IrOx(OH)y core–shell heterostructure catalyst showed the best photocatalytic performance among these three catalysts, with the oxygen evolution rate as high as 59.63 mmol g−1 h−1. Detailed investigations revealed that the excellent photocatalytic activity of Ir@IrOx(OH)y could be attributed to both the outstanding intrinsic activity of IrOx(OH)y shell and the efficient electron transfer between the photosensitizer and catalyst.
Pensamento Computacional no Ensino de Programação: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Brasileira

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisao sistematica da literatura dos trabalhos relacionados ao Pensamento Computacional, publicados em eventos brasileiros de 2012 ate o ano de 2015. Esta revisao foi realizada a partir de artigos publicados nos tres importantes eventos nacionais: Simposio Brasileiro de Informatica na Educacao (SBIE), Workshop de Informatica na Escola (WIE) e Workshop sobre Educacao em Informatica (WEI). Tambem foram utilizados trabalhos publicados no evento Workshop de Ensino em Pensamento Computacional, Algoritmos e Programacao (WAlgProg), afim de investigar quais sao as pesquisas mais recentes. Foram analisados 16 artigos, com o objetivo de apresentar uma visao critica desta area de pesquisa emergente e definir quais as linhas de atuacao dos pesquisadores no Brasil.
Experimental study of UHF mobile radio transmission using a directive antenna

Propagation experiments were run at 836 Mc between a fixed omnidirectional base station and a mobile station using a directional antenna. On typical residential streets it was found that the antenna orientation had only a small effect on the average signal level and that the fading rate was significantly reduced. It was also discovered that the fading rate expressed as a function of antenna direction has definite minima and maxima. These are related to two factors, the direction of motion of the vehicle and the direction from the vehicle to the base station. In general, minimum fading occurs along and at right angles to the direction of motion and in the direction of the base station.
Ovarian Gynandroblastoma with a Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor Component in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review

Gynandroblastoma is an extremely rare sex cord-stromal tumor with both female (granulosa cell tumor) and male (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor) elements. Juvenile granulosa cell tumors are also very rare and are so named because they usually occur in children and adolescents. A 71-year-old woman with right upper quadrant abdominal pain visited our hospital. Pelvic computed tomography showed a large multilocular cystic mass, suspected to be of ovarian origin. We performed a total abdominal hysterectomy (total abdominal hysterectomy was performed) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A 13-cm multilocular cystic mass with serous fluid was observed in her right ovary. Upon microscopic examination, the solid component of the mass showed both Sertoli-Leydig cell and juvenile granulosa cell differentiation, which we diagnosed as gynandroblastoma. Gynandroblastoma with a juvenile granulosa cell tumor component is extremely rare and, until now, only six cases have been reported in the English literature. We report the first gynandroblastoma with a juvenile granulosa cell tumor component diagnosed in an elderly patient, along with a literature review.
The influence of T-shirt graphics on perceptions and behavioral intentions

ABSTRACT Do graphics on clothing drive perceptions? We used a between group design to test if athletic, academic, or suggestive graphics on clothing differentially influence perceptions and behavioral intentions. In study 1, participants (N = 199) rated five female t-shirt models, and in study 2 and 3, participants rated five male t-shirt models (N = 120) or university students (N = 50). Analyses of variance controlling for sex (ANCOVA) showed participants were least likely to want to interact with models/students wearing sexually suggestive graphics: Study 1, F(3,165) = 30.263, p < . 001, ηp 2 = . 30, power = 1.00; Study 2, F (3,119) = 11.630, p < . 000, ηp 2 = . 234, and Study 3, F(1, 42) = 12.578, p < . 000. Participants did not rate models in the academic and athletic graphic shirts differently from models with plain white shirts. Results support the concept that people form different perceptions based upon the clothing a person wears, changing behavioral intentions. Neither sex role ideation (Study 1) or sexism (Study 2) were significant covariates of perceptions and intentions.
Engineering Cell Adhesion and Orientation via Ultrafast Laser Fabricated Microstructured Substrates

Cell responses depend on the stimuli received by the surrounding extracellular environment, which provides the cues required for adhesion, orientation, proliferation, and differentiation at the micro and the nano scales. In this study, discontinuous microcones on silicon (Si) and continuous microgrooves on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates were fabricated via ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation at various fluences, resulting in microstructures with different magnitudes of roughness and varying geometrical characteristics. The topographical models attained were specifically developed to imitate the guidance and alignment of Schwann cells for the oriented axonal regrowth that occurs in nerve regeneration. At the same time, positive replicas of the silicon microstructures were successfully reproduced via soft lithography on the biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The anisotropic continuous (PET) and discontinuous (PLGA replicas) microstructured polymeric substrates were assessed in terms of their influence on Schwann cell responses. It is shown that the micropatterned substrates enable control over cellular adhesion, proliferation, and orientation, and are thus useful to engineer cell alignment in vitro. This property is potentially useful in the fields of neural tissue engineering and for dynamic microenvironment systems that simulate in vivo conditions.
A Multi-Parameter Perturbation Solution for Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams under Combined Loads

In this study, we use a multi-parameter perturbation method to solve the problem of a functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam under combined loads, in which three piezoelectric coefficients are selected as the perturbation parameters. First, we derive the two basic equations concerning the Airy stress function and electric potential function. By expanding the unknown Airy stress function and electric potential function with respect to three perturbation parameters, the two basic equations were decoupled, thus obtaining the corresponding multi-parameter perturbation solution under boundary conditions. From the solution obtained, we can see clearly how the piezoelectric effects influence the behavior of the functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam. Based on a numerical example, the variations of the elastic stresses and displacements as well as the electric displacements of the cantilever beam under different gradient exponents were shown. The results indicate that if the pure functionally graded cantilever beam without a piezoelectric effect is regarded as an unperturbed system, the functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam can be looked upon as a perturbed system, thus opening the possibilities for perturbation solving. Besides, the proposed multi-parameter perturbation method provides a new idea for solving similar nonlinear differential equations.
Genetics of trans-regulatory variation in gene expression

Heritable variation in gene expression provides a critical bridge between differences in genome sequence and the biology of many traits, including common human diseases. However, the sources of most regulatory genetic variation remain unknown. Here, we used transcriptome profiling in 1,012 yeast segregants to map the genetic basis of variation in gene expression with high statistical power. We identified expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) that together account for over 70% of the total genetic contribution to variation in mRNA levels, allowing us to examine the sources of regulatory variation comprehensively. We found that variation in the expression of a typical gene has a complex genetic architecture involving multiple eQTL. We also detected hundreds of eQTL pairs with significant non-additive interactions in an unbiased genome-wide scan. Although most genes were influenced by a local eQTL located close to the gene, most expression variation arose from distant, trans-acting eQTL located far from their target genes. Nearly all distant eQTL clustered at 102 “hotspot” locations, some of which influenced the expression of thousands of genes. Hotspot regions were enriched for transcription factor genes and altered expression of their target genes though both direct and indirect mechanisms. Many local eQTL had no detectable effects on the expression of other genes in trans. These results reveal the complexity of genetic influences on transcriptome variation in unprecedented depth and detail.
Continuous Phase Modulation - Part I: Full Response Signaling

The continuous phase modulation (CPM) signaling scheme has gained interest in recent years because of its attractive spectral properties. Data symbol pulse shaping has previously been studied with regard to spectra, for binary data and modulation index 0.5. In this paper these results have been extended to theM-ary case, where the pulse shaping is over a one symbol interval, the so-called full response systems. Results are given for modulation indexes of practical interest, concerning both performance and spectrum. Comparisons are made with minimum shift keying (MSK) and systems have been found which are significantly better inE_{b}/N_{0}for a large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) without expanded bandwidth. Schemes with the same bit error probability as MSK but with considerably smaller bandwidth have also been found. Significant improvement in both power and bandwidth are obtained by increasing the number of levelsMfrom 2 to 4.
Lightning performance of transmission lines — III

THE purpose herein is to present a simplified method of calculating the voltage across the line insulation for a stroke terminating on the tower top and zero tower footing resistance based on the theory and equations derived in two previous papers. For purposes of analysis, the stroke has been resolved into two components: (1) a linear-front flat-top wave of positive charge and associated current that flows upward along the axis of the downward leader at a constant velocity less than that of light, and (2) a linear-front flat-top wave of negative charge and current which is fed into the tower and ground-wire combination.
Concerning the Influence of the Eleven-Year Solar Activity Period upon the Propagation of Waves in Wireless Telegraphy

Researches concerning the propagation of short and border waves, conducted by the German Air-Travel Research Laboratory during the years 1930 and 1931, reveal results which are not quite in harmony with similar, but far more complete, investigations carried out in the years 1927-28. The suspicion arises that one is here dealing with an influence exerted by the eleven-year period of solar activity upon the propagation of short and border waves, especially as such an influence upon long waves has been repeatedly established. The present work deals with the explanation of these phenomena.
Matrix Analysis of Multi-Terminal Transducers

A multi-terminal transducer (m.t.t.) is a network with a set of n input terminals and a set of n output terminals. The properties of m.t. t. 's and their representation by matrices are a generalization of four-pole theory. The m.t. t. is represented by its impedance, admittance or transfer matrices. The special properties of m.t. t. 's that exhibit symmetry, reciprocity or both properties are discussed. The representation is definite or indefinite according to whether the voltage reference terminals are specified or not. Methods are derived to write down the transfer matrices of given m.t. t. 's. Some simple networks may be analyzed by inspection; more complicated networks may be treated as a cascade of simpler ones
A Genome-Wide Screen Reveals a Role for the HIR Histone Chaperone Complex in Preventing Mislocalization of Budding Yeast CENP-A

Centromeric localization of the evolutionarily conserved centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A (Cse4 in yeast) is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Overexpression and mislocalization of CENP-A lead to chromosome segregation defects in yeast, flies, and human cells. Overexpression of CENP-A has been observed in human cancers; however, the molecular mechanisms preventing CENP-A mislocalization are not fully understood. Here, we used a genome-wide synthetic genetic array (SGA) to identify gene deletions that exhibit synthetic dosage lethality (SDL) when Cse4 is overexpressed. Deletion for genes encoding the replication-independent histone chaperone HIR complex (HIR1, HIR2, HIR3, HPC2) and a Cse4-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, PSH1, showed highest SDL. We defined a role for Hir2 in proteolysis of Cse4 that prevents mislocalization of Cse4 to noncentromeric regions for genome stability. Hir2 interacts with Cse4 in vivo, and hir2∆ strains exhibit defects in Cse4 proteolysis and stabilization of chromatin-bound Cse4. Mislocalization of Cse4 to noncentromeric regions with a preferential enrichment at promoter regions was observed in hir2∆ strains. We determined that Hir2 facilitates the interaction of Cse4 with Psh1, and that defects in Psh1-mediated proteolysis contribute to increased Cse4 stability and mislocalization of Cse4 in the hir2∆ strain. In summary, our genome-wide screen provides insights into pathways that regulate proteolysis of Cse4 and defines a novel role for the HIR complex in preventing mislocalization of Cse4 by facilitating proteolysis of Cse4, thereby promoting genome stability.