Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Confidentiality Using Fuzzy Based Data Transformation Method

1 Mrs. TamilSelvi. S. 2 Mrs. Anette Regina I. M.phil Research Scholar, Department of computer Science Muthurangam Government Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore, TamilNadu, India. Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science Muthurangam Government Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore. -----------------------------------------------************************-----------------------------------Abstract: The freedom and transparency of information flow on the Internet has heightened concerns of privacy. Given a set of data items, clustering algorithms group similar items together Knowledge extraction process poses certain problems like accessing sensitive, personal or business information. Privacy invasion occurs owing to the abuse of personal information. Hence privacy issues are challenging concern of the data miners. Privacy preservation is a complex task as it ensures the privacy of individuals without losing the accuracy of data mining results. In this paper, fuzzy based data transformation methods are proposed for privacy preserving clustering in centralized database environment. In case one, a fuzzy data transformation method is proposed and various experiments are conducted by varying the fuzzy membership functions such as Z-shaped fuzzy membership function, Triangular fuzzy membership function, Gaussian fuzzy membership function to transform the original dataset. In case two, a hybrid method is proposed as a combination of fuzzy data transformation approach specified in case one and Random Rotation Perturbation (RRP). The experimental results proved that the proposed hybrid method yields good results for all the member functions which are used in case one.
RiQuA: A Corpus of Rich Quotation Annotation for English Literary Text

We introduce RiQuA (RIch QUotation Annotations), a corpus that provides quotations, including their interpersonal structure (speakers and addressees) for English literary text. The corpus comprises 11 works of 19th-century literature that were manually doubly annotated for direct and indirect quotations. For each quotation, its span, speaker, addressee, and cue are identified (if present). This provides a rich view of dialogue structures not available from other available corpora. We detail the process of creating this dataset, discuss the annotation guidelines, and analyze the resulting corpus in terms of inter-annotator agreement and its properties. RiQuA, along with its annotations guidelines and associated scripts, are publicly available for use, modification, and experimentation.
The Eco-innovation Action Plan in an environmental policy context: Insights from and for the United Kingdom

ATTENTION TOWARDS IMPROVING THE CREATION OF GREEN JOBS The Eco-innovation Action Plan (EcoAP, EC 2014a) is a key environmental policy of the European Commission. It applies to industry and technology, thus proactively highlighting activities rather than ecological ends considering e.g. air, land use and water. Thus, the EcoAP differs from other environmental policies because it addresses innovation directly boosting innovation and bridging the gap between innovation and the market.
Liderazgo Crítico Aplicado a través de Lentes Latinas: Un Enfoque Alternativo de Liderazgo Educativo

El propósito y objetivos de esta investigación fueron investigar y comprender mejor las formas en las que la raza y el género generan importantes consecuencias en la práctica del liderazgo aplicado. Se realiza un estudio de caso cualitativo con contra-historia con un enfoque teórico-crítico sobre raza,. Los autores analizan datos sobre dos líderes educativos de ascendencia mexicana en los EE.UU. : uno director de una escuela K-6 latina y el otro, director de una universidad chicana. Los hallazgos evidencian rasgos de identidad positiva de los líderes que permite la puesta en práctica de un liderazgo equitativo y socialmente justo entre los participantes del estudio. Estos hallazgos son novedosos y especialmente relevantes en EEUU y en el resto de países donde viven un alto número de descendientes de latinos y mexicanos. Las estrategias empleadas por los participantes sugieren alternar formas de liderazgo no consideradas ni en la investigación ni en la literatura. Los autores discuten las evidencias encontradas que definen la teoría emergente del liderazgo crítico aplicado (ACL). Por último, se aportan directrices para su aplicación en diferentes contextos.
Solid-wood production from temperate eucalypt plantations: a Tasmanian case study

Since 1988, there has been a major focus in Tasmania on research for the management of temperate eucalypt plantations for solid wood. This coincided with the formal transfer of large areas of native forest that had previously been part of the production forest estate into reserves, a decision that triggered the establishment of eucalypt plantations for solid wood. This review summarises research on several key areas: silvicultural requirements for solid-wood production; wood properties of plantation-grown eucalypts and the influence of silviculture and genetics on these properties; factors influencing stem defect and decay; balancing silvicultural requirements with maintenance of tree vigour; and issues concerning wood processing and products. We conclude that there are still operational challenges to be confronted in the production of solid wood from plantations. If these can be overcome in the medium term, temperate plantation eucalypts have the potential to provide wood products that meet the requirements for appearance-grade material and that can compete in the same markets as wood from native forests. The bigger challenge at the national level will be to provide the log volumes of suitable material to meet the anticipated demand 25 to 30 years from now.
Perturbations, Resistance, and Alternative Views of the Existence of Multiple Stable Points in Nature

Connell and Sousa (1983) (hereafter, CS) and I (Sutherland 1974, 1981) have published parallel discussions of stability, which arrive at contrasting views regarding the existence of multiple stable points in nature (in the sense of Lewontin 1969). CS dismissed much of the current evidence for multiple stable points for one of three reasons: (1) the physical environment is different inthe alternative states; (2) one or both alternative states persists only as long as artificial controls are maintained; or (3) the evidence is inadequate because of inappropriate scales in space and time. In contrast, I concluded that the evidence was abundant and that multiple stable points are an undeniable reality. In part, this disagreement is due to unnecessarily strict requirements for environmental identity in the alternative states imposed by CS (Peterson 1984; but see Sousa and Connell 1985). However, the principal reason for the disagreement is divergent views of what constitutes a perturbation. The purpose of this note is to clarify these divergent views and their consequences for the application of stability theory to natural communities. The concepts of stability theory that CS and I have developed contain many common points. The major characteristics of interest in natural assemblages are "numbers of a population or relative abundance of species in a community" (CS, p. 791). These characteristics are often subsumed in the more general term community structure (Menge and Sutherland 1976, 1987). "For a system to be considered stable, there must exist one or more equilibrium points or limit cycles (1) at which the system remains when faced with a disturbing force or (2) to which it returns" after a perturbation has caused a significant change in structure (CS, p. 790). The first aspect of stability is most appropriately called resistance stability, since a force has been applied and resisted. The second aspect, return to equilibrium after being perturbed, is called adjustment stability (Margalef 1969). Although we agree on the nature of the problem and the broad definitions of stability, CS and I differ fundamentally over the definition of a perturbation. I defined a perturbation as a force "potentially capable of changing community structure. Whether or not structural changes actually occur depends upon the perturbation a d the specific resident adult assemblage being perturbed" (Sutherland 1981, p. 500). For CS, a perturbation is a force that actually causes a significant change in structure: "If the intensity of the disturbing force does not cause a significant change in the characteristic ofinterest, here is no perturbation; the assemblage has resisted the force" (CS, p. 791). Thus, although CS included the concept of resistance stability in their statement of the problem, their
Attitude of Customers and Employees towards the Environmental Management Systems in the Egyptian Hotel Industry

Research into environmental management systems (EMSs) began in the late 1990s with studies that focused on the driving forces, costs and benefits and nature of such systems. However, very little research has been done to investigate the attitude of hotels stakeholders towards such systems. In recognition of this gap, this research studies the attitude of both: customers and employees –as two main stakeholders-towards EMSs in the Egyptian industry. A single case study design, in which a mixed methodology of both quantitative and qualitative approaches, was employed to fulfill the research objectives. Semi-structured interviews with three levels of employees – executive, supervisory and general and a structured questionnaire distributed to the hotel customers were employed as data collection tools. The findings revealed that customers have a positive attitude towards environment. However, despite this positive attitude, findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between customer attitude towards environment and their willingness to pay. Findings, also, provided some significant contributors that boost the positive attitude of customers towards green practices in hotels. From the employees' perspective, results indicated that commitment to the EMS is negatively affected if the adoption of the system by the company was perceived to be merely a means to save costs, improve company image and attract green customers. The study provides valuable insights to help hotels managers design their own strategies and policies which entails most of the environment related attributes which the customers and employees alike are concerned with. Knowing these attributes would enable hotels attract more segments of customers and increases their market share.
Optimizing Hex: The Relative E ﬃ ciency of Various Implementation Paradigms in Logic Programming

General Game Playing (GGP) is a sub-field of artificial intelligence, in which intelligent systems must legally play and handle various game types [3]. In order to interpret the rules of various legal games through a robust framework, many general game playing systems operate by accepting legally encoded descriptions of arbitrary finite synchronous games via Game Description Language (GDL) [4]. Logic Programming is a practical paradigm for this class of problems, as it allows for the inquiry of dynamic states in a finite information ontology. This research paper explores various paradigmatic implementations of Hex in Epilog, a variant of Dynamic Logic Programming; the rules and methodologies explored in this paper, can easily be translated to accommodate GDL [5].
Electrophysiological Responses to Fusaric Acid of Root Hairs from Seedlings of Date Palm-susceptible and -resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis

Bayoud, a vascular wilt of date palm caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the most devastating disease in palm groves of north Africa. Although Foa is able to induce resistance mechanisms in its host plant, no data are available on the early responses of the root cells. Fusaric acid (FA) is the main toxin found in culture filtrates from Foa aggressive strains. This phytotoxin induces modifications of membrane permeability or membrane potential in various cell types and could thus be involved in the early steps of signal exchange between the pathogen and the plant. We showed an early differential behaviour of the disease-resistant and -susceptible cultivars from date palm when challenged by FA. This response could be due to a differential sensitivity of H + -ATPases to FA.
The Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Roles of Brassinosteroids and Salicylic Acid in Plant Processes and Salt Tolerance

Plant hormones regulate plant growth and development by affecting an array of cellular, physiological, and developmental processes, including, but not limited to, cell division and elongation, stomatal regulation, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and transport, initiation of leaf, flower and fruit development, and senescence. Environmental factors such as salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures may cause a reduction in plant growth and productivity by altering the endogenous levels of plant hormones, sensitivity to plant hormones, and/or signaling pathways. Molecular and physiological studies have determined that plant hormones and abiotic stresses have interactive effects on a number of basic biochemical and physiological processes, leading to reduced plant growth and development. Various strategies have been considered or employed to maximize plant growth and productivity under environmental stresses such as salt-stress. A fundamental approach is to develop salt-tolerant plants through genetic means. Breeding for salt tolerance, however, is a long-term endeavor with its own complexities and inherent difficulties. The success of this approach depends, among others, on the availability of genetic sources of tolerance and reliable screening techniques, identification and successful transfer of genetic components of tolerance to desired genetic backgrounds, and development of elite breeding lines and cultivars with salt tolerance and other desirable agricultural characteristics. Such extensive processes have delayed development of successful salt-tolerant cultivars in most crop species. An alternative and technically simpler approach is to induce salt tolerance through exogenous application of certain plant growth–regulating compounds. This approach has gained significant interest during the past decade, when a wealth of new knowledge has become available on the beneficial roles of the six classes of plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids) as well as several other plant growth–regulating substances (jasmonates, salicylates, polyamines, triacontanol, ascorbic acid, and tocopherols) on plant stress tolerance. Among these, brassinosteroids (BRs) and salicylic acid (SA) have been studied most extensively. Both BRs and SA are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, affecting plant growth and development in many different ways, and are known to improve plant stress tolerance. In this article, we review and discuss the current knowledge and possible applications of BRs and SA that could be used to mitigate the harmful effects of salt-stress in plants. We also discuss the roles of exogenous applications of BRs and SA in the regulation of various biochemical and physiological processes leading to improved salt tolerance in plants.
The Physiognomy of Insects

Ante omnia scire convenit naturam corporis, quia aizi graciles, alii obesi sunt; alii calidi, alii frigidiores; alii humidi, aiii sicciores; alios adstricta, alios resoluta alvus exercet. Raro quisquam non aliquam partem corporis imbecillam habet. -Celsus, Lib. 1. Cap. III. A N ENTOMOLOGIST no less interested in his fellow men than in the insects may with increasing years of observation find increasing resemblance between the two-some insects seeming almost human and some humans behaving very much like insects. This may be due in part to the fact-if indeed it be a factthat the entomologist may come to resemble the objects with which he is so constantly occupied. If we can trust the statements of some observers, he may even take on some of the physical peculiarities of the group in which he specializes. We have all known entomologists who looked like grasshoppers, cockroaches, bumble-bees or Histerid beetles. The confusion is increased by the factand this has not escaped the cartooniststhat there is a certain resemblance between the human and insect body, with its division into head, thorax, and abdomen. And although the insect body has too many appendages and certainly too many wings to suit any human being this side of Paradise, nevertheless the face, head, and eyes of some Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera are very suggestive of certain physiognomies which we daily encounter in the streets and trolley-cars of our great cities. In certain ancient entomological works, purporting to be of a serious character, for example in Jonston's Theatrum universake omnium animalium (178), the heads of insects are often drawn with the obvious intention of accentuating their resemblance to human countenances.
Guerre des sexes chez une fourmi : reproduction clonale des mâles et des reines

> La reproduction sexuee est indispensable a la survie de nombreuses especes vegetales et animales et represente le mode de reproduction le plus repandu dans le monde du vivant. Elle est neanmoins la source de conflits evolutifs majeurs tant entre sexes qu’au sein des genomes. Une etude a laquelle ont participe des chercheurs de l’INRA, du CNRS, de l’IRD, et de l’Universite de Lausanne, a mis en evidence chez une espece de fourmi, Wasmannia auropunctata, un systeme de reproduction unique. Les reines sont des clones de leur mere, les mâles sont des clones de leur pere et seules les ouvrieres, steriles, sont issues d’une reproduction sexuee entre reines et mâles. Dans ce systeme de reproduction, la transmission des genes d’une generation a l’autre semble avoir ete optimisee au prix d’une etonnante guerre des sexes entre reines et mâles.
Effects of temperature acclimation on Ca2+-ATPase of the carp sarcoplasmic reticulum

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was prepared from the ordinary white muscle of carp Cyprinus carpio acclimated to either 10 or 30°C over 5 weeks, and its Ca2+ -ATPase and Ca2+ uptake activities measured. The SR Ca2+ -ATPase activities of the 10 and 30°C-acclimated carp were 0.2 and 0.1 μmol Pi/min.mg at a reaction temperature of 10°C, respectively, and 1.1 and 0.6 μmol Pi/min.mg at 30°C, respectively. The corresponding Ca2+ uptake activities in the presence of sodium oxalate were 1.1 and 0.4 μmol Ca/min.mg at 10°C, and 2.1 and 1.5 μmol Ca/min·mg at 30°C, respectively. The break point in the Arrhenius plot of Ca2+ -ATPase activity was 9.2°C for the 10°C-acclimated SR and 15.9°C for the 30°C-acclimated SR. The activation energy of Ca2+ -ATPase for the 10°C-acclimated SR between 10 and 40°C was 75 kJ/mol and similar to that for the 30°C-acclimated SR between 16 and 40°C, 81 kJ/mol. The membrane fluidity of SR, which was determined with a fluorescence probe, Py(3)Py, was higher for the 10°C- than 30°C-acclimated carp at any reaction temperature from 0 to 30°C. The peptide map in SDS-gels of Ca2+ -ATPase with α-chymotrypsin gave different patterns in the 40–70 kDa region between the two acclimated groups: the peptide of about 63k Da was specific to the 10°C-acclimated SR, while the peptide of about 50 kDa to the 30°C-acclimated SR. Tryptic peptide mapping also resulted in different fragmentation patterns in SDS-gels for the two Ca2+ -ATPases. These results suggest that carp would modify the fluidity of SR membrane and the molecular structure of Ca2+ -ATPase to compensate for fluctuating ambient temperatures. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Handbook of Bioenergy Crops: A Complete Reference to Species, Development and Application By N. El Bassam. London and Washington DC: Earthscan (2010), pp. 516, £150.00 ISBN 978-1-84407-854-7.

The current major sources of energy, namely fossil fuels and nuclear, are unsustainable and non-renewable, hence there is a determination worldwide to move to renewable types of energy. The largest contribution to renewables, in the short to medium term, is expected to be derived from biomass, and fuels from energy crops have the advantage of being sufficiently similar to fossil fuels to enable direct substitution. The Handbook of Bioenergy Crops aims to describe various aspects related to the potential of bioenergy crops including environmental, economic and social dimensions. The book consists of three parts. Part 1 gives the background to global energy production and the consumption and potential of biomass and discusses technical aspects such as biomass productivity, harvesting and conversion to energy. Part 2 is the major part of the book and consists of a comprehensive guide to a wide range of bioenergy crops from the little known, e.g. Aleman grass to the more familiar, e.g. willow. Species distribution, ecological requirements, propagation, production, processing and utilization are covered for all 64 crops. Part 3 reviews research and looks to future prospects for groups of crop types/bioenergy uses of crops including ethanol, oil, biogas, hydrogen/methanol and underutilized/unexploited types. The handbook provides a lengthy list of references and also gives relevant internet resource links for particular chapters. This book is an extremely useful reference for students, researchers and others wishing to gain a greater understanding of issues associated with bioenergy crops and to examine the details for individual crop species.
Increased cellular brevetoxins in the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis under CO2 limitation of growth rate: Evolutionary implications and potential effects on bloom toxicity

Karenia brevis blooms impair human health, marine ecosystems, and coastal economies in the Gulf of Mexico via their production of carbon‐based neurotoxins (brevetoxins), which contain no nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P). N and P limitation of growth rate substantially increases brevetoxins in this dinoflagellate, consistent with predictions of the carbon nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. This hypothesis further predicts that an increase in carbon‐based brevetoxins should not occur if growth rate is limited by carbon dioxide (CO2). We tested this prediction by examining the effect of CO2 limitation of K. brevis growth rate on cellular brevetoxins. In contradiction to the prediction of the CNB hypothesis, brevetoxins normalized to cell carbon were on average 81% higher in CO2‐limited cells growing at a rate of 0.1 d−1 than in cells growing at their maximum rates (0.4–0.5 d−1). This increase in brevetoxin : C values in the CO2‐limited cells, however, was 23–42% lower than that previously observed for comparable growth rate limitation by phosphate. The CO2‐limited cells also exhibited 40% higher cellular N : C and 60–100% higher chlorophyll a : C than observed in P‐limited cells at equivalent growth rates. These effects were likely due to the up‐regulation of the cell's CO2‐concentrating mechanism under CO2 limitation, which increased the demand for photosynthetically produced adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate. The results indicate that anthropogenic increases in CO2 concentrations in surface ocean waters are likely to increase the toxicity of K. brevis blooms due to potential increases in bloom biomass yield and to a greater likelihood that dense blooms will become N or P limited rather than CO2 limited.