Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histologic Features of Prepubertal and Pubertal Reproductive Development in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

In response to growing concerns that environmental chemicals may have adverse effects on human health by altering the endocrine system, the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), under the auspices of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), recently instituted a Tier I battery of tests including a female pubertal assay. This assay requires dosing of female rats from postnatal day (PND) 22 through PND 42 (or 43), the period of pubertal development in the rat, to identify test articles that may have estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects, or may alter hormones or neurotransmitters. While certain landmarks in female rat reproductive development are published, little is published on the microscopic appearance of the female reproductive tract during prepubertal and pubertal development. In this study, reproductive tissues from three female Sprague-Dawley rats were collected each day from PND 20 through PND 50, such that tissues from a total of 93 rats were collected throughout the prepubertal and pubertal period. Tissues were formalin-fixed, trimmed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 5-µm thickness, and examined microscopically. The major histologic features of the female reproductive tract throughout this critical period were described in detail. This information will help pathologists interpret findings observed in female pubertal assays.
Detection accuracy of condylar defects in cone beam CT images scanned with different resolutions and units.

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of spatial resolution and cone beam CT (CBCT) unit on CBCT images for the detection accuracy of condylar defects. METHODS 42 temporomandibular joints were scanned, respectively, with the CBCT units ProMax® 3D (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) and DCT PRO (Vatech, Co., Ltd., Yongin-Si, Republic of Korea) at normal and high resolutions. Seven dentists evaluated all the test images with respect to the presence or the absence of condylar defects. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was employed to define the detection accuracy. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the values under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the differences among imaging groups and observers. Intraobserver variation was analysed using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS Macroscopic anatomy examination revealed that, of the 42 temporomandibular joint condylar surfaces, 18 were normal and 24 had defects on the surface of condyles. No significant differences were found between the images scanned with normal and high resolutions for both CBCT units ProMax 3D (p = 0.119) and DCT PRO (p = 0.740). Significant differences exist between image groups of DCT PRO and ProMax 3D (p < 0.05). Neither the inter- nor the intraobserver variability were significant. CONCLUSIONS The spatial resolution per se did not have an impact on the detection accuracy of condylar defects. The detection accuracy of condylar defects highly depends on the CBCT unit used for examination.
Automatic Computer Generation of Stippling Illustrations with Felt-tip Coloured Pens

Nowadays, non-photorealistic rendering is an area that not only focuses on simulates what artist do or the tools they use, but also on generates new expressive tools for digital art. In this paper we present a new algorithm to generate beautiful stippling illustrations with felt-tipped colour pen from a photograph or an image. This technique is not actually used by artists because technical limitations, therefore this new algorithm might be helpful. We introduce a novel stochastic approach to place coloured dots in a specific order based on the information of the contrast, borders and histogram of the input image. The system is able to generate an unlimited number of non regular synthetic colour dots without the necessity of being scanned. These dots will be composed in a specific order to generate the final illustration.
c-fms is present in primary tumours as well as in their metastases in bone marrow.

The expression of c-fms oncoprotein in different primary tumours as well as in their metastases in bone marrow, was shown. All the samples were fixed and processed by the acetone, methyl benzoate, xylene procedure (AMeX), which was suitable for studying oncoprotein expression not only in primary tumours but also in bone marrow (BM) biopsies. Among the patients suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AMeL), positive c-fms cells were found in 55% cases. On the contrary, patients with lymphocytic cell disorders have not had detectable c-fms oncogene product in BM biopsies.c-fms oncoprotein was also detected in some primary tumour specimens (lung carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, breast carcinoma and melanoma) and their metastases in BM, while it was not present in normal uterine tissue. There was a positive correlation between c-fms oncoprotein expression in primary and metastatic tumours. Our results showed that c-fms product is confined, not only to some normal, but also to the variety of malignant cells of different origin.
Answering Boolean Hybrid Questions with HAWK

The decentral architecture behind the Web has led to pieces of information being distributed across data sources with varying structure. Hence, answering complex questions often requires combining information from structured and unstructured data sources. We present an extension for HAWK, a novel search approach for Hybrid Question Answering based on combining Linked Data and textual data. Especially, we introduce our preliminary approach towards answering ASK queries. This approach relies a classification heuristic next to the existing predicate-argument representations of questions to derive equivalent combinations of SPARQL query fragments and text queries. These are executed so as to integrate the results of the text queries into SPARQL and thus generate a formal interpretation of the query. Our results show that these developments lead to HAWK achieving 0.74 F-measure on the ASK queries contained in the Question Answering over Linked Data (QALD-5) hybrid query benchmark assuming an given optimal ranking function.
Encephalopathy following pertussis vaccine prophylaxis.

In a recent communication, Byers and Moll1called attention to the occurrence of manifestations of serious cerebral damage which they have encountered in a number of children as a reaction to the administration of prophylactic pertussis vaccine. The close similarity of the clinical features among more recently observed cases prompted them to reinvestigate the clinical records of similar material at the Children's Hospital in Boston for the preceding period of ten years. They have analyzed clinical histories of 15 children who, although normal prior to receiving an injection of the vaccine, manifested alarming symptoms such as convulsions and listlessness shortly afterward and in the subsequent course exhibited residuals in the form of arrested development and recurrent convulsions. In 12 of these children the vaccine2was known to have been given in the usual dose. The reaction appeared after the first, second or third dose and in one instance
What is the optimum phased array coil design for cardiac and torso magnetic resonance?

To determine the optimum configuration of a phased array MR coil system for human cardiac applications, the sensitivity of 10 flexible array designs operating under ideal conditions was calculated at 13 points circling the myocardium of a model torso whose geometry was determined from healthy volunteers. The array geometries that were evaluated included continuous strips of 2,4,6, and 10 circular coils of diameter equal to half the torso thickness wrapped laterally around the torso, 2 pairs of coils located on the left side of the chest and back, clusters of 3 coils in 2 orientations, clusters of 4 and 6 coils, and a hybrid cross of 6 coils. The 4‐, 6‐, and 10‐coil strip arrays out‐performed the other designs for a given number of coils, yielding average theoretical sensitivity improvements of 45%, 53%, and 55% relative to a single flexible coil positioned at the point closest to the anterior myocardium, compared with about 30% for 4‐ and 6‐coil clusters and the 2‐pair geometry (P < 0.02). A flexible 4‐coil strip array was constructed for a clinical 1.5 T scanner with 15‐cm diameter circular surface coils on flexible circuit board. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of this coil at the 13 cardiac locations was measured in 15 normal volunteers and compared with the SNR measured in images acquired with standard commercial MR coils: a body coil, a flexible torso array, a general purpose flexible coil, and, in 4 subjects, a dual array coil. In the prone orientation, the average myocardial SNR improvement of the 4‐coil strip array was 650% relative to the whole body coil, compared with 310–340% for the other commercial coils (P < 0.00005). The twofold advantage over the commercial coils persisted in supine studies (P < 0.00005, n = 5). Thus, flexible circumferential phased arrays of strips of surface coils of diameter comparable with the depth of the heart generally out‐perform many other standard geometries for a given number of coils, and can yield dramatically improved SNR over coils available for general use in the torso.
Modélisation de connaissances pour un système de médiation

Résumé. Travaillant sur l'élaboration d'une méthodologie de développement de systèmes de médiation intégrés dans des systèmes coopératifs, nous avons proposé une architecture à 3 composants : le premier concerne la coopération, le second l'assistance et le troisième est relatif aux connaissances nécessaires aux 2 précédents. Dans cet article nous présentons plus particulièrement le point de vue des connaissances. Ces connaissances sont de 2 natures : des connaissances statiques, sur le domaine par exemple, et des connaissances acquises pendant l'utilisation coopérative du système, notamment la mémoire des activités et les descriptions des actes de résolutions de problèmes. Pour illustrer cette modélisation de connaissances, nous nous intéresserons aux activités coopératives de suivi, de gestion et d'évaluation de projets d’étudiants, assistées par l’outil iPédagogique. Mots Clés : systèmes de médiation, systèmes coopératifs, mémoire d’activités coopératives, raisonnement à partir de cas
Panitumumab in colon cancer: a review and summary of ongoing trials

Panitumumab is a fully human antibody developed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor receptor (EGFR/HER-1), which is overexpressed in ≥ 75% of patients with colorectal cancer. As a fully human antibody, panitumumab can be administered without any premedication and has the promise of decreased infusion reactions. Clinical studies have demonstrated that panitumumab has significant activity as a single agent and improves progression-free survival when compared with best supportive care. It can also be safely combined with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. Ongoing studies are being performed to determine if the addition of panitumumab to first-line standard treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer will improve the progression-free and overall survival of these patients.
Lung Cancer in Never Smokers

Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) has lately been recognized as a unique disease based on rapidly gained knowledge from genomic changes to treatment responses. The focus of this article is on current knowledge and challenges with regard to LCINS expanded from recent reviews highlighting five areas: (1) distribution of LCINS by temporal trends, geographic regions, and populations; (2) three well-recognized environmental risk factors; (3) other plausible environmental risk factors; (4) prior chronic lung diseases and infectious diseases as risk factors; and (5) lifestyles as risk or protective factors. This article will also bring attention to recently published literature in two pioneering areas: (1) histological characteristics, clinical features with emerging new effective therapies, and social and psychological stigma; and (2) searching for susceptibility genes using integrated genomic approaches.
The rare transcripts of interrupted rRNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster are processed or degraded during synthesis.

About 50% of the ribosomal transcription units in females of the bobbed 8 mutant of Drosophila melanogaster contain an intervening sequence of 5 kb in the 28S region of the gene. We analysed the transcription of ribosomal genes in this mutant using electron microscopy and found that the majority of the active ribosomal transcription units in larval fat bodies and guts are not long enough to contain the 5‐kb intervening sequence; only approximately 1% of active transcription units have a length consistent with the presence of the 5‐kb intervening sequence. Transcription units of this length show an interrupted gradient of nascent RNA fibril lengths indicative of processing or degradation during transcription. The position of the discontinuity in RNA length coincides with the position of the intervening sequence. This observation suggests that even though RNA polymerase may infrequently transcribe an entire interrupted gene, the process does not result in a full‐length RNA.
Changing an existing OSCE to a teaching tool: the making of a teaching OSCE.

OBJECTIVE The teaching OSCE (objective structured clinical examination) was developed from existing OSCE materials to provide direct observation and feedback to students on their doctor-patient relationship skills, students' abilities to do a focused history and physical examination, and to familiarize students with this type of examination. DESCRIPTION Existing OSCE cases were modified to ten minutes and to focus on case scenarios using standardized patients. Faculty facilitators were trained in giving feedback and oriented to the new OSCE format. Clerkship students are told in advance the general topics of the Teaching OSCE stations, so they can prepare. Students are divided in three groups of six to eight students and each group is assigned a faculty facilitator. Each student performs a ten-minute OSCE station and is observed directly by the faculty facilitator and the remaining students in the group using a video monitor. The faculty facilitator then leads a 12-minute feedback session on focused history-taking skills, physical examination skills, and the doctor-patient relationship skills. Students selected at random by the faculty facilitator also give feedback to their peer. Teaching OSCEs take three hours and are held twice during the clerkship such that each student is actively observed twice and watches a total of ten to 14 additional interactions. Facilitators grade students on attendance, participation, and evidence of preparation. The actual interaction with the standardized patient is used entirely for formative purposes and is not graded. DISCUSSION Our department has used OSCEs for six years to evaluate students at the end of the third-year family medicine clerkship. Even after continuous improvement, our OSCE did not meet higher standards of reliability and would need at least three hours of testing per student to meet those standards. The low number of students in the rotation and limited resources to increase the duration of the OSCE made it very difficult to construct a more reliable examination. At the same time, both faculty and students wanted more direct observation and feedback on performance with clinical scenarios. Using existing OSCE resources to change the OSCE to a teaching tool proved to be an efficient use of teaching resources while increasing our educational impact. Students report that they appreciate the opportunity to have constructive discussions of their strengths and weaknesses in clinical encounters, observe a variety of doctor-patient interaction styles, and practice for future OSCE-type examinations. Faculty members enjoy this active teaching format and find the process of students giving feedback to their peers educationally useful. The teaching OSCE has been extremely well rated in the end-of-rotation evaluations and will be continued in future clerkships.
Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of the Phase Noise Behavior of a Dual-Loop Frequency synthesizer for 5-GHZ WLANS

This paper presents the analysis and experimental evaluation of a modified dual-loop phase-locked loop synthesizer, using the phase noise transfer functions resulting from the linear model of the synthesizer. The different arrangement in the high-frequency loop, in contrast to previous reported series-connected dual-loop topologies, offers various advantages, such as improved phase noise, finer resolution, and lower spurious levels. Discrete elements are used to implement a prototype system for testing. This adds to the flexibility of the design and allows for experimental optimization of the loop trade-offs. The synthesizer generates signals in the 4850 MHz to 5050 MHz range with a 10 MHz resolution and can match the specifications for wireless LANs operating at 5 GHz. The design resulted in a prototype with very good characteristics suitable for future integration.
Clotting, Immune System, and Venous Thrombosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients: A Prospective Study

ABSTRACT Thrombosis is highly prevalent in cancer patients, being accepted as a bad prognosis marker. The importance of various mechanisms involved in the thrombophilic state of lung cancer patients is not well understood. In this prospective study, involving 109 unselected patients with lung adenocarcinoma, thrombosis was present in 24% of patients and affected survival in a bivariable model. However, in a multivariable evaluation, considering all the factors under study, only LAC and IgM anti-β2 GP I modified thrombosis risk, whereas in a Kaplan–Meyer regression model, thrombosis, IL-6, LAC, factor VIII, and IgM anti-β2 GP I interfered with patient's survival.
Urine Metabolomics Analysis for Biomarker Discovery and Detection of Jaundice Syndrome in Patients With Liver Disease*

Metabolomics is a powerful new technology that allows for the assessment of global metabolic profiles in easily accessible biofluids and biomarker discovery in order to distinguish between diseased and nondiseased status information. Deciphering the molecular networks that distinguish diseases may lead to the identification of critical biomarkers for disease aggressiveness. However, current diagnostic methods cannot predict typical Jaundice syndrome (JS) in patients with liver disease and little is known about the global metabolomic alterations that characterize JS progression. Emerging metabolomics provides a powerful platform for discovering novel biomarkers and biochemical pathways to improve diagnostic, prognostication, and therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find the potential biomarkers from JS disease by using a nontarget metabolomics method, and test their usefulness in human JS diagnosis. Multivariate data analysis methods were utilized to identify the potential biomarkers. Interestingly, 44 marker metabolites contributing to the complete separation of JS from matched healthy controls were identified. Metabolic pathways (Impact-value≥0.10) including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were found to be disturbed in JS patients. This study demonstrates the possibilities of metabolomics as a diagnostic tool in diseases and provides new insight into pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Catalytic Decoupling of Quantum Information : Supplemental Material

Christian Majenz,1, ∗ Mario Berta,2 Frédéric Dupuis,3 Renato Renner,4 and Matthias Christandl1 1QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø. 2Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. 3Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 4Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. (Dated: January 29, 2017)
Comparing apples and oranges in the Plio-Pleistocene: methodological comments on "meat-eating by early hominids at the FLK 22 Zinjanthropus site, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): an experimental approach using cut-mark data".

L'auteur presente la critique de l'article Meat-eating by early hominids at the FLK 22 Zinjanthropus site, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) : an experimental approach using cut-mark data ecrit par Monsieur Dominguez-Rodrigo en 1997.
The P2Y(1) receptor as a target for new antithrombotic drugs: a review of the P2Y(1) antagonist MRS-2179.

MRS-2179 is a selective P2Y(1) receptor antagonist, a strong inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. By i.v. administration to mice MRS-2179 increases resistance to thromboembolism induced by a mixture of collagen and epinephrine or by a tissue factor. Likewise, it significantly increases the time to thrombus formation in a ferric chloride-induced model of localized arterial thrombosis. MRS-2179 also confers resistance to localized venous thrombosis, which is dependent on thrombin generation and in which platelets play a relatively minor role as compared to stasis or activation of coagulation. These data provide considerable encouragement for the development of new P2Y(1) receptor antagonists. Nevertheless, the properties of MRS-2179 indicate that new compounds should be optimized in order to increase the half-life of the molecule in vivo and its selectivity and potency at the P2Y(1) receptor. Further directions include the synthesis of molecules with modifications of the nucleotide structure which replace the fragile moiety by a stable bond and should lead to a non-hydrolysable structure. In conclusion, P2Y(1) antagonists have been shown to be efficient antithrombotic agents. MRS-2179 is the first P2Y(1) antagonist with antithrombotic action. Its effectiveness demonstrates that the P2Y(1) receptor is a potentially promising target for drugs designed to treat thrombotic syndromes.