Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avian Diseases

Avian Diseases is published in March, June, September and December at the AAAP Business Office in Jacksonville, Florida, by the American Association of Avian Pathologists, Inc (ISSN 0005-2086) (USPS 039020). Subscriptions for 2014 in the U.S., territories and possessions thereof, Canada and Mexico are $335.00 a year. For all other subscriptions, $360.00 a year (includes delivery via Allen Air). Online only version is available for $295.00. Checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank and made payable in US dollars to ‘‘AAAP. ’’ Send to AAAP, 12627 San Jose Blvd., Suite 202, Jacksonville, FL 32223-8638 or subscribe online at: www.aaap. info/aviandiseases. Subscription rates are subject to change without notice.
Real option theory for risk mitigation in transport PPPs

Purpose – Public-private partnerships (PPPs) require the analysis and allocation of a broad spectrum of risks which are considered more complex than in traditional construction contracts. Traditional risk management techniques tend to ignore the manager's ability to recognize and exploit opportunities, which arise as uncertainties are resolved over time and which could potentially increase the project's value. Therefore it is necessary that the risk management process takes account of the managerial flexibility (e.g. real options). The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities and rationale for implementing real options strategies in the risk management process. Design/methodology/approach – The approach is based on a literature analysis aimed at identifying key risks and related mitigation strategies and on real option theory in order to model these strategies as managerial flexibilities that naturally exist or are built “artificially” in contractual conditions and clauses, guarantees, etc.
MILK AND MILK REPLACER PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY CALVES

As the future productive units of a dairy herd, calf feeding is important that represent to grow economically and at optimal rate to achieve puberty at lesser age. The first two month are important in rearing calves for replacement heifers that allows a smooth transition from milk to solid feed. In past, different scientist struggles to develop an appropriate feeding method that is more efficient, reduce disease risk and cost effective. To encourage early intake of milk, milk replacer, calf starter and conventional feeding program have a limitation to supply of milk @ 10% of body weight, have many pros and cons. However, calves fed free access of milk critically reviewed the literature and examining that feeding whole milk, milk replacer, and starter ration are needed to exploit more through research. The milk feeding calves should be fed in such a way to have greater body weight, improve feed e fficiency, reduced incidence of disease, and have a natural behaviour, weaning methods influences feed efficienc y, rumen development, improve growth and have a long term effect on heifer performance and improve lactation performance in dairy cattle.
Smart Charging Systems for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

This paper describes “smart charging” systems for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The principal design feature is that the system uses gathered information to adaptively control PHEV charging, and does so in a way that allows customer PHEVs to still be charged at a preferred rate (cost). This paper reviews the drivers for smart charging, including electric grid readiness for large adoption rates of PHEVs, and considers national, regional and local distribution level issues. At the distribution level, the effect of increased PHEV charging loads on transformers is considered. The current state of standardization is reviewed with emphasis on communication messages and use cases that reflect smart charging attributes. Centralized system approaches are described, such as integrating electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), i.e. chargers, into Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) networks, and treating EVSEs as controllable loads for Demand Response programs. Metering and monitoring the transformers that feed EVSEs can drive a control scheme that is either centralized or distributed. Alternatives to AMI-integration for centralized networks are also reviewed, including commercially available systems. Additionally, smart charging is considered from the billing perspective, where system approaches are described that allow for identification and association between connected PHEVs, EVSEs, premise meters and other smart devices.
Cardiovascular Assessment of the Liver Transplantation Candidate

Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world’s population over 60 is expected to increase from 12% to 22%. Similar changes are anticipated in the United States where 13%, approximately 40 million people, were 65 or older in 2009; the proportion is projected to increase to 20% by 2030. In the elderly, mortality due to ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes is expected to increase in the future. Aging of the population is accompanied by an increased number of elderly patients with cirrhosis who require liver transplantation. Controversy over transplantation in the elderly stems from a limited supply of donors, a shorter residual life expectancy, and higher cost. Early experience with elderly liver transplant (LT) recipients suggested increased posttransplant mortality when compared with younger patients, which was attributed to kidney dysfunction accompanying cardiopulmonary disease. However, more recent studies suggest that, with careful screening, short-term posttransplant survival of elderly recipients is similar to younger patients. In a single-site study of selected septuagenarians who underwent LT, age above 70 was not a risk factor for post-LT death. In a multicenter study of elderly LTrecipients, prognostic factors for mortality included ventilator dependency, diabetes, hepatitis C, creatinineZ1.6 mg/dL, and combined recipient and donor age above 120. Five-year survival for elderly recipients with none of these risk factors is 75%. However, survival drops to 69%, 58%, and <50%, respectively, in the presence of 1, 2, or more of these factors. The study included over 8000 recipients from the United Network of Organ Sharing data set,
Sudden death: managing the family, the role of genetics

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as death from a cardiac cause occurring soon after the onset of symptoms.1 SCD is a major contributor to mortality in industrialised nations, affecting ∼800 000 individuals annually in the western world, and causing more deaths than AIDS, lung and breast cancer, and stroke together.2 The annual incidence of SCD increases according to the presence of prior cardiac disease, being 1/1000 per year in the general population, 5% per year in the patient with a previous coronary event, 15% in the patient with an ejection fraction <35%, and 20% in the cardiac arrest survivor.3 SCD often becomes a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. It is not uncommon to observe that the SCD victim had a previously normal medical examination. Similarly, in the situation when the patient survived the episode, often the investigations do not reach a concluding reason for the event. These scenarios substantiate the present limitations of the clinical tests, both in the identification of parameters of risk and in determining an aetiology for the arrhythmia. When SCD affects a supposedly healthy individual, an autopsy is usually requested for legal reasons. The autopsy may become the irrefutable diagnostic tool when macro- and microscopic analyses reveal histopathological abnormalities. The most common diagnosis in these conclusive cases is coronary artery disease, which is present in 80% of SCD cases. Of the remainder, a significant 15–19% of cases are caused by cardiomyopathies. However, on average one third of autopsies are not conclusive—they cannot reach a diagnosis, as they do not identify a pathologically defined cause of the death. The postmortem diagnosis can therefore reach a dead end in a significant percentage of individuals. In these instances, these deaths are classified as ‘natural’ or arrhythmogenic. Therefore, similar to the above mentioned challenges for the clinicians, forensic …
Performance of property listed companies in Malaysia: 1996-2007

This thesis examines on the performance of listed property companies in Malaysia within three sub-periods: pre-crisis, during crisis and post-crisis. The period of this study started from 1996 to 2007. By using Sharpe Index, Adjusted Sharpe Index, Treynor Index, Jensen Index and Adjusted Jensen Index, the result of this study shows that the performance of listed property companies over-performed the aggregate market or Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) and Kuala Lumpur Property Index (KLPI). Further examination on the performance of the property companies in the three sub-periods shows there was a significant difference in the performance of the property listed companies as compared to the KLCI and KLPI before, during and after the financial crisis 1997. An obvious observation in the result is that most of the companies listed under property sector as well as the aggregate market as a whole and the property index were showing an average negative return. This would mean that investors and fund managers would need to take extra caution to include property stocks in their portfolio. As for the regulators, more efforts needed to be done to boost this sector.
Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States

An overlooked aspect of agglomeration economies, which are positive externalities that stem from the geographic clustering of industry, is that firms contribute to the externality in addition to benefiting from the externality. This insight suggests that if firms are heterogeneous they will differ in the net benefits they receive from agglomerating. We argue that firms with the best technologies, human capital, training programs, suppliers, or distributors will gain little, yet competitively suffer when their technologies, employees, and access to supporting industries spill over to competitors. Therefore, these firms have little motivation to geographically cluster despite the existence of agglomeration economies. Conversely, firms with the weakest technologies, human capital, training programs, suppliers, or distributors have little to lose and a lot to gain; therefore, these firms are motivated to geographically cluster. As a result, when firms are heterogeneous we expect agglomeration to be characterized by adverse selection. We find supportive evidence of these arguments by examining the location choice and survival of foreign greenfield investments in U.S. manufacturing industries. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Market Competition, Social Network and Firm Performance: An Emerging Economy Test

Prior literature shows that social networks from outside have great impact on the firm performance. This study focuses on the impact of social network on firm performance especially from the depth of the social network created by key shareholders. In addition, firms in emerging markets face intensive competition. Therefore, this study also examines the different impacts of key shareholders’ social network on firm performance under different levels of market competition in an emerging market. The empirical results show that the depth of shareholder network has significant positive impact on firm performance. In addition, the results also show that key shareholder network has more positive effect on firm performance under high market competition than that of low market competition.
The research of automatic sunlight collecting and illuminating system

This paper introduces the design and implementation of automatic sunlight collecting and illuminating system. Sunlight collecting and illuminating is the technology of using sunlight for indoor lighting directly. The automatic sunlight collecting and illuminating system consists of the sunlight collecting and the transporting equipment, the solar power and energy storage equipment, the Led auxiliary lighting equipment and the automatic high precision sun tracking equipment. The sunlight collecting and transporting equipment focus sunlight by using Fresnel lens, and transport the visible light via optical fiber for indoor lighting. The solar power and energy storage equipment supply energy to system and store the excess energy in batteries. When it is raining or cloudy the system can't work; or sunlight is not bright enough, the system use Led lighting which powered by the batteries. The automatic high precision sun tracking equipment track sun precisely by two methods: improved PSD and tracking sun by calculating the moving trajectory of the sun.
A serum factor potentiates ACh and AMPA receptor currents via differential signal transduction pathways.

A serum factor is recognized to interact with a protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. Indeed, treatment with fetal bovine serum enhanced ACh-evoked currents by PKC activation in the neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (alpha7) and Torpedo ACh receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In addition, potentiation of ACh-evoked currents induced by fetal bovine serum was observed also in the mutant Torpedo ACh receptors lacking potent PKC phosphorylation sites at Ser333 on the alpha subunit and Ser377 on the delta subunit; the potentiation was inhibited by the PKC inhibitor, PKC inhibitor peptide (PKCI), indicating that ACh receptor currents were enhanced by PKC activation but not by PKC phosphorylation of the receptors. On the other hand, fetal bovine serum enhanced kainate-evoked currents in oocytes expressing the alpha-amino3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, GluR1,3. The enhancement was not affected by the PKC inhibitors, PKCI or GF109203X, and instead, was inhibited by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor, KN-62. These results suggest that serum is not only involved in PKC activation but in CaMKII activation, and that thereby ACh receptor currents and AMPA receptor currents are each potentiated.
PUMA Couples the Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Proapoptotic Function of p53

The Trp53 tumor suppressor gene product (p53) functions in the nucleus to regulate proapoptotic genes, whereas cytoplasmic p53 directly activates proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins to permeabilize mitochondria and initiate apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that a tripartite nexus between Bcl-xL, cytoplasmic p53, and PUMA coordinates these distinct p53 functions. After genotoxic stress, Bcl-xL sequestered cytoplasmic p53. Nuclear p53 caused expression of PUMA, which then displaced p53 from Bcl-xL, allowing p53 to induce mitochondrial permeabilization. Mutant Bcl-xL that bound p53, but not PUMA, rendered cells resistant to p53-induced apoptosis irrespective of PUMA expression. Thus, PUMA couples the nuclear and cytoplasmic proapoptotic functions of p53.
Managing a global brand in diverse cultural contexts: the case of LG Electronics' advertising strategy in the United Kingdom and Russia

Effective brand management is vital for building the necessary bond between an organization and its consumers. LG Electronics serves as a notable example of a global company that effectively communicates its brand in diverse markets. This study focuses on the remarkable case of LG Electronics' LCD Monitors and plasma TV screens to highlight critical elements of effective brand management across the different cultural contexts of the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation. The findings reveal that LG Electronics standardizes part of its logo and slogan in both cultures. However, the company uses different communication strategies in the UK and Russia. Specifically, LG uses a differentiated strategy with regard to both the visual and the written components of its high-involvement print advertisements. However, it uses a mixed strategy of standardized visual and differentiated written components in its low-involvement TV advertisements. These differences in LG Electronics' print and TV advertisement strategies in two diverse cultures augment contemporary brand management research.
Recruitment of fleshy-fruited species under different shrub species: Control by under-canopy environment

Seedling densities and the mortality of fleshy-fruited species under 10 European tall-shrub species and the tree Sorbus aria were analyzed in 10-year-old experimental scrub for one growing season. The mean total densities of seedlings of 18 fleshy-fruited species differed under the different ‘hosts’, being highest under Crataegus monogyna, Viburnum opulus and Rosa canina (24–20 m−2); intermediate under Sorbus aria, Rhamnus catharticus, Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare and Juniperus communis (17–12 m−2); and lowest under Euonymus europaeus, Viburnum lantana and Prunus spinosa (10–9 m−2). This ranking was similar for the 11 planted species and for nine bird-dispersed, non-planted species which invaded the site, notably Hedera helix and Solanum dulcamara. Within the experimental scrub as a whole mortality of seedlings differed significantly among species, being highest in those with the smallest number of recruits. Mortality ranged from 94% and 89% for Solanum dulcamara and Viburnum opulus to 26% for Hedera helix and Ligustrum vulgare. The mean mortality across all species of seedlings did not differ significantly between host species, although it was slightly higher under Juniperus and Cornus (56%, 53%) and lower under Viburnum lantana and Rhamnus (42%, 41%). In four species, the mortality of seedlings was significantly higher under conspecific adults. Mean topsoil water content after a dry spell was negatively correlated with the diffuse site factor (DSF). The mean density of accumulated seedlings of the most abundant seedling species (Hedera) was positively correlated with the topsoil water content. Densities of other species showed no strong correlations with either topsoil water content or DSF. The probable factors controlling recruitment are discussed.
Percutaneous stent placement in malignant cases of superior vena cava syndrome.

PURPOSE Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is caused by SVC stenosis or occlusion, frequently as a consequence of lung cancer or a mediastinal tumor. SVC syndrome is characterized by unpleasant symptoms and the condition usually leads to death if untreated. Treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy may produce an initial relief, whereas operations with bypass are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The PURPOSE of our study was to show the efficiency of percutaneous stenting in the SVC for relieving SVC syndrome secondary to malignant diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 1999 to March 2003, 17 patients with malignant SVC syndrome were evaluated at the "Metaxa" Cancer Hospital. Their caval stenoses were confirmed by means of computed tomography and venography. There were 15 males and 2 females with a median age of 62 years (range 47-79). The SCV syndrome was caused by malignant disease in all patients: bronchogenic carcinoma in 14 and lymphoma in 3. All patients underwent placement of a self-expandable (wallstent) endovascular (vena cava) prosthesis. RESULTS All procedures were successfully carried out without complications. The average time for wallstent placement was 37 min. There was no sign of bleeding and the wallstent was well positioned on chest roentgenograms. All patients, without exception, noticed an immediate improvement, with relief of dyspnea and rapid resolution of headache. Cyanosis disappeared over the first hour and swelling resolved gradually over the first 24 hours. CONCLUSION Percutaneous venous wallstent placement in the SVC is a simple, safe and effective technique to rapidly relieve SVC syndrome caused by malignant diseases.
Negotiating in Disequilibrium: Can a Trans-Pacific Partnership be Achieved as Potential Partners Proliferate?

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is being negotiated in a radically different way than is normally the case with trade agreements. Trade negotiations usually take place among a set number of interested countries and within a pre-agreed agenda. In the case of the TPP the number of countries in the negotiations continues to expand, and each new country brings additional issues and concerns to the table. Can such an unorthodox approach succeed? The history and the dynamics of the TPP are examined to gain insights into the process, the motivations of the countries involved and the likeliness of a successful agreement being achieved.
ALTERNATIVES TO GOVERNMENT FIAT MONEY

Money of stable value depends on price-level stability, which, in turn, depends on the existing monetary order or monetary regime. What kind of monetary order or regime is most likely to provide stable money? F. A. Hayek (1976, 1978) has suggested that amonetary regime characterized by free banking and competing currencies offers the best chance for achieving stable money. In contrast, governmentally managed monetary systems having monopoly central banks with wide discretion are likely toexperience monetary instability and upset the spontaneous market order. Indeed, the history ofdiscretionary central banking has been characterized by persistent monetary disequilibrium, and during periods of depression and inflation the role of the state typically grew stronger. It is important, therefore, to consider institutional changes that can improve upon the current governmentally managed fiat money regime. With this task inmind, the articlesherein examine the performance of the current monetary regime, question the role of govern-
Music therapy to reduce agitation in dementia.

BACKGROUND Music therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that aims to increase emotional wellbeing through cognitive stimulation and social interaction. AIM AND METHOD I aimed to investigate the efficacy of group music therapy to reduce agitation in people with dementia. To this end, I carried out a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS Eight articles show that music therapy is feasible for use with people with all stages of dementia. The best results involved using familiar music and a qualified group music therapist, with the optimum frequency of intervention being two to three times a week for 30-50 minutes. Control interventions such as reading and recreational activities also reduced agitation. CONCLUSION Music therapy should be implemented by qualified music therapists in care homes and day care units. Further research should be conducted to ascertain the most suitable music types to be used in therapy sessions.
Association of the rs10757274 SNP with coronary artery disease in a small group of a Pakistani population

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the association between the rs10757274 SNP (present on locus 9p21 in the gene for CDKN2B-AS1) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a local population of Pakistan. Methods: It was a case-control study. An allele-specific PCR-based strategy was used for the identification of genotypes. A total of 350 samples were used for the investigation, out of which 220 samples were CAD patients and 130 samples were normal healthy individuals. Effects of parameters, like family history of CAD, smoking, presence of diabetes, and hypertension, in changing the chances of CAD were studied. Odds ratio was estimated with 95% confidence interval. Results: A strong association was observed between CAD and factors, like smoking (OR: 1.666; 95% CI: 1.042-2.664), presence of hypertension (OR: 26.55; 95% CI: 15.95-44.20), diabetes (OR: 3.009; 95% CI: 1.841-4.920), and family history of CAD (OR: 4.9; 95% CI: 2.965-8.099). Results for the association between the genotype on the basis of rs10757274 showed a strong association between the GG genotype and the occurrence of CAD (OR: 9.603; 95% CI: 5.746-16.05). Conclusion: The present results suggest the importance of the 9p21 locus in modulating the chances of CAD.