Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-source image fusion technology in the system of coal mine monitoring and control

Most of the coal mine monitoring and control systems are the gas alarm device for the gas, this type of monitoring and control system can only monitor downhole gas, but it can't provide the visual condition of downhole to the ground monitoring person. To get the visible light image and infrared image, we research the target feature extraction technology of multi-source image. On the basis, we use the partial differential equations to get the fusion of the visible light image and the infrared image, then use the wavelet analysis method to solve the corresponding partial differential equation. We use compactly supported wavelet representation of differential operator structure the Daubechies wavelet solution of nonlinear partial differential equation. This article focused on using wavelet analysis algorithm to solve the partial differential equationsand used it on the multi-source image fusion. We hope the result of this article is superior to the classic image fusion algorithm in the application of the underground mine multi-source image fusion.
Intracellular Interaction of Interleukin-15 with Its Receptor α during Production Leads to Mutual Stabilization and Increased Bioactivity*

We show that co-expression of interleukin 15 (IL-15) and IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) in the same cell allows for the intracellular interaction of the two proteins early after translation, resulting in increased stability and secretion of both molecules as a complex. In the absence of co-expressed IL-15Rα, a large portion of the produced IL-15 is rapidly degraded immediately after synthesis. Co-injection into mice of IL-15 and IL-15Rα expression plasmids led to significantly increased levels of the cytokine in serum as well as increased biological activity of IL-15. Examination of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes in mouse organs showed a great expansion of both cell types in the lung, liver, and spleen. The presence of IL-15Rα also increased the number of CD44high memory cells with effector phenotype (CD44highCD62L-). Thus, mutual stabilization of IL-15 and IL-15Rα leads to remarkable increases in production, stability, and tissue availability of bioactive IL-15 in vivo. The in vivo data show that the most potent form of IL-15 is as part of a complex with its receptor α either on the surface of the producing cells or as a soluble extracellular complex. These results explain the reason for coordinate expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα in the same cell and suggest that the IL-15Rα is part of the active IL-15 cytokine rather than part of the receptor.
Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies

Psilocybin and related hallucinogenic compounds are increasingly used in human research. However, due to limited information about potential subjective side effects, the controlled medical use of these compounds has remained controversial. We therefore analysed acute, short- and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans by pooling raw data from eight double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies conducted between 1999 and 2008. The analysis included 110 healthy subjects who had received 1–4 oral doses of psilocybin (45–315 µg/kg body weight). Although psilocybin dose-dependently induced profound changes in mood, perception, thought and self-experience, most subjects described the experience as pleasurable, enriching and non-threatening. Acute adverse drug reactions, characterized by strong dysphoria and/or anxiety/panic, occurred only in the two highest dose conditions in a relatively small proportion of subjects. All acute adverse drug reactions were successfully managed by providing interpersonal support and did not need psychopharmacological intervention. Follow-up questionnaires indicated no subsequent drug abuse, persisting perception disorders, prolonged psychosis or other long-term impairment of functioning in any of our subjects. The results suggest that the administration of moderate doses of psilocybin to healthy, high-functioning and well-prepared subjects in the context of a carefully monitored research environment is associated with an acceptable level of risk.
Predictors of Clinical Deterioration during Hospitalization following Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background/Aims: A number of risk factors for early worsening of neurological symptoms have been identified. We aimed to evaluate the influence of hemorheologic, biochemical, and metabolic factors on neurological deterioration during hospitalization following acute ischemic stroke and develop a model of neurological deterioration. Methods: Worsening of stroke was defined as a deleterious increase in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≧4 points during hospitalization. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis and constructed a prediction model based on chart data of 2,398 patients admitted at five medical centers; 203 of the patients had worsening of stroke and 2,186 had not. Results: The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hemoglobin (odds ratio: 0.529) and albumin (odds ratio: 0.024) were significantly associated with stroke deterioration, as were the modified Rankin Scale on emergency department admission (odds ratio: 4.956) and length of hospitalization (odds ratio: 1.201). After adjusting for age, gender and NIHSS on emergency department admission, only hemoglobin (odds ratio: 0.894, 95% confidence interval: 0.814–0.981, p = 0.018) was associated with worsening. Conclusion: Hemoglobin and albumin were found to be risk factors for persistent neurological deterioration during hospitalization following acute ischemic stroke, suggesting that blood viscosity may be related to neurological deterioration.
Cash transfers, local government's efficiency and poverty alleviation : the case of Davao region in the Philippines

This paper aims to investigate the relationships between cash transfer programs, efficiency of program implementation and the change in poverty incidence rates. Using secondary data collected from different municipalities in Davao Region, Philippines, we found a positive and statistically significant correlation between the percentages of families enrolled in the program with the change in poverty incidence rate, especially if no quota is imposed in registering beneficiaries in the municipality. We found no evidence of significant relationship between size of the per capita cash transfers and the changes in poverty incidence rates. The efficiency of the local government units in the implementation of the program showed a positive and significant correlation with the changes in the rate of poverty incidence. This finding suggests that the involvement and commitment of LGUs to support the implementation of a nationally-funded poverty reduction program is an enabling mechanism for cash transfer programs to succeed with the end view of achieving a significant reduction in poverty and meeting the target for the Millennium Development Goal (MDG).
Appropriate Discounting for Benefit-Cost Analysis

In order to be sensible about what discount rate to use one must be clear about its purpose. We suggest that its purpose is to help select those projects that will contribute more net benefits than some other discount rate. This approach, which is after all the foundation for benefit-cost analysis, helps to reconcile different suggested procedures for determining the discount rate. We suggest that the social opportunity cost of capital (SOC) is superior to other suggested approaches in its generality and its ease of use. We use the SOC to determine a range of real rates that vary between 6% and 8%. We suggest that approaches based on determination of preferences, which result in hyperbolic discounting, are less appropriate and less useful.
Adenosine A1 Receptor Inhibition of Glutamate Exocytosis and Protein Kinase C‐Mediated Decoupling

Abstract: The adenosine modulation of glutamate exoeytosis from guinea pig cerebrocortical synaptosomes is investigated. Endogenously leaked adenosine is sufficient to cause a partial tonic inhibition of 4‐aminopyridine‐evoked glutamate release, which can be relieved by adenosine deaminase. The adenosine A1 receptor is equally effective in mediating inhibition of glutamate exocytosis evoked by 4‐aminopyridine (where K+‐channel activation would inhibit release) and by elevated KC1 (where K+‐channel activation would have no effect), arguing for a central role of Ca2+‐channel modulation. In support of this, the plateau phase of depolarization‐evoked free Ca2+ elevation is decreased by adenosine with both depolarization protocols. No effect of adenosine agonists is seen on membrane potential in polarized or KC1‐ or 4‐aminopyridine‐stimulated synaptosomes. The interaction of protein kinase C with the A1 receptormediated inhibition is examined. Activation of protein kinase C by 4β‐phorbol dibutyrate has been shown previously by this laboratory to modulate glutamate release via K+‐channel inhibition, and is shown here to have an additional action of decoupling the adenosine inhibition of glutamate exocytosis.
Evidence of Linkage between Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis and HLA-Class II Loci in Italian Multiplex Families

To verify whether multiallelic polymorphisms belonging to HLA class II genes are linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Italian population, we studied 28 multiplex MS families originating from different areas of Italy. Allelic characterization was carried out by analysis of RFLPs and oligonucleotide typing. Evidence supporting the existence of linkage between MS susceptibility and the HLA class II loci DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 was provided using two non-parametric tests, affected sib-pair analysis, and affected-pedigree-member (APM) analysis. The APM analysis also suggested the existence of genetic heterogeneity for the HLA class II loci and MS susceptibility in our series. Linkage disequilibrium between MS susceptibility and the haplotype DRB1*1501,DQA1*0102,DQB1*0602 was demonstrated by applying the transmission linkage disequilibrium test to our families. Finally, lod score analysis suggests that in our Italian families, MS susceptibility is conferred by HLA class II alleles according to a low-penetrance autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Mobile computed tomography: prehospital diagnosis and treatment of stroke.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mobile computed tomography (CT) scanning in specialized ambulances has recently become feasible. Two randomized trials have used mobile CTs for prehospital thrombolysis. This short review summarizes the available literature on this topic and provides an outlook on potential future developments. RECENT FINDINGS Mobile CT in acute suspected stoke is feasible and helps to diagnose, triage and treat patients. It is an integral component of a novel and promising stroke research platform in specialized ambulances with telemedicine connection and neurological expertise on board. SUMMARY Mobile CTs can speed up stroke treatment, especially thrombolysis; they allow for selecting the most adequate hospital destinations; and they offer new means of stroke research.
Quantitation of the Pool of Cholesterol Associated with Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase in Human Fibroblasts*

The esterification of cholesterol in homogenates of human fibroblasts was explored as a means of estimating the size of the pool of cholesterol associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)in vivo. The rationale was that the acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in homogenates should have access only to cholesterol associated with the (rough) ER membrane fragments in which it resides. Reacting whole homogenates to completion with an excess of [14C]oleoyl-CoA converted ∼0.1–2% of total cell-free cholesterol to [14C]cholesteryl esters. Control studies indicated that membranes not associated with ACAT did not contribute cholesterol to this reaction. The extent of in vitro cholesterol esterification varied with pretreatment of the cells. Exposing intact cells to serum lipoproteins, oxysterols, or sphingomyelinase increased cholesterol esterification in homogenates severalfold; exposing the cells to mevinolin or cholesterol oxidase had the opposite effect. The variation in cholesterol esterification did not correlate with either the total cellular cholesterol or the intrinsic activity of ACAT, neither of which was changed significantly by the pretreatments. Rather, the total amount of cholesterol esterified in homogenates paralleled the rate of cholesterol esterification in the corresponding intact cells. The pool of cholesterol esterified in vitro therefore appears to reflect that associated with the ER in vivo. Since several of the mechanisms keeping cell cholesterol under tight feedback control are themselves located in the ER, this pool might not only be regulated physiologically, but could, in turn, help to regulate homeostatic effector pathways.
The geometry of the relay channel

Consider a memoryless relay channel, where the channel from the relay to the destination is an isolated bit pipe of capacity C<inf>0</inf>. Let C(C<inf>0</inf>) denote the capacity of this channel as a function of C<inf>0</inf>. What is the critical value of C<inf>0</inf> such that C(C<inf>0</inf>) first equals C(∞)? This is a long-standing open problem posed by Cover and named “The Capacity of the Relay Channel,” in Open Problems in Communication and Computation, Springer-Verlag, 1987. In our recent work, we answered this question in the case when the channels from the source to the relay and destination are symmetric, which is the original assumption imposed by Cover, and when these channels are Gaussian. We showed that C(C<inf>0</inf>) can not equal to C(∞) unless C<inf>0</inf> = ∞, regardless of the SNR of the Gaussian channels, while the cut-set bound would suggest that C(∞) can be achieved at finite C<inf>0</inf>. In this paper, we show that our techniques for solving Cover's problem can be naturally extended to the general Gaussian case, where the channels from the source to the relay and destination may be asymmetric, and prove an upper bound on the capacity C(C<inf>0</inf>) of a general Gaussian relay channel for any C<inf>0</inf>. This upper bound immediately implies that our previous conclusion, i.e. C(C<inf>0</inf>) can not equal to C(∞) unless C<inf>0</inf> = ∞, also holds in the asymmetric case. Our approach is geometric and relies on a strengthening of the isoperimetric inequality on the sphere by using the Riesz rearrangement inequality.
Hsp70 exerts its anti‐apoptotic function downstream of caspase‐3‐like proteases

The major heat shock protein, Hsp70, is an effective inhibitor of apoptosis. To study its mechanism of action, we created tumor cell lines with altered Hsp70 levels. The expression levels of Hsp70 in the cells obtained correlated well with their survival following treatments with tumor necrosis factor, staurosporine and doxorubicin. Surprisingly, the surviving Hsp70‐expressing cells responded to the apoptotic stimuli by activation of stress‐activated protein kinases, generation of free radicals, early disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase‐3‐like proteases in a manner essentially similar to that of the dying cells with low Hsp70 levels. However, Hsp70 inhibited late caspase‐dependent events such as activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and changes in nuclear morphology. Furthermore, Hsp70 conferred significant protection against cell death induced by enforced expression of caspase‐3. Thus, Hsp70 rescues cells from apoptosis later in the death signaling pathway than any known anti‐apoptotic protein, making it a tempting target for therapeutic interventions.
Assessment of the Accuracy of a Three-Dimensional Imaging System for Archiving Dental Study Models

Objective The use of stone and plaster study models is an integral part of any dental practice and is required for research. Storage of study models is problematic in terms of space and cost. Ayoub et al.1 introduced a new technique based on the recent advances in stereophotogrammetry for archiving dental study models in a digital format. However, assessment of the accuracy of the generated three-dimensional (3D) models has not been carried out yet. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the accuracy of this technique. Design A comparative assessment between direct measurements of dental study models and measurements of computer generated 3D images of the same study models was performed. Materials and methods Twenty-two dental study models stored at Glasgow Dental Hospital and School for the purposes of research were used in the study. The models were captured in three dimensions using a photostereometric technique and stored in digital format. Main Outcome Measures Measurements were conducted directly on dental study models and on the computer generated 3D images using Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis.2 The difference between the two sets of measurements was statistically analysed using a two-sample t-test. Results The average difference between measurements of dental casts and 3D images was 0.27 mm. This difference was within the range of operator errors (0.10–0.48 mm) and was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study shows that it is possible to use 3D imaging to store dental study models for treatment monitoring and research with a satisfactory degree of accuracy.
Isolation and Characterization of Aminopeptidase-Deficient Lactobacillus bulgaricus Mutants

Lactobacillus bulgaricus CNRZ 397 is able to hydrolyze many amino-acyl- and dipeptidyl-β-naphthylamides. Analysis of heat inactivation kinetics, protease inhibitor effects, and the subcellular location of aminopeptidase (AP) activities from the parental strain and mutant derivatives dificient in alanyl- or leucyl-β-naphthylamide hydrolysis pointed out the existence of four APs. All mutants isolated were totally deficient in AP II, a cell wall metallo-enzyme with a broad substrate specificity but that is specifically responsible for lysyl-AP activity and is characterized by a molecular mass of 95,000 daltons. AP I and AP III are cytoplasmic enzymes that exhibit arginyl-AP activity; both enzymes are inducible during growth in rich peptide MRS medium (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.). The existence of a fourth AP (AP IV) that is involved in leucyl-AP activity was suggested. Moreover, we showed that X-prolyl-dipeptidyl-AP activity, which was not catalyzed by an AP, involved an enzyme(s) that is controlled by a regulatory mechanism that is common to that of AP II.
Extending Conventional Planning Techniques to Handle Actions with Context-Depen dent Effects

This paper presents a method of solving planning problems that involve actions whose effects change according to the situations in which they are performed. The approach is an extension of the conventional planning methodology in which plans are constructed iteratively by scanning for goals that are not yet satisfied, inserting actions to achieve them, and introducing additional sub-goals to be achieved. The necessary extensions to this methodology to handle context-dependent effects are presented from a general, mathematically rigorous standpoint.
Market Integration of Cold and Warmwater Shrimp in Europe

ABSTRACT This study examines market integration between the cold and warmwater shrimp value chain in the UK, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, and Norway using cointegration methods. For all countries, market integration exists between cold and warmwater unprocessed shrimp imports, where the law of one price (LOP) holds in three of the five cases. For processed shrimp, the LOP holds in three of four integrated cases, and for retail sales in the UK and Denmark, the LOP fails to hold in the presence of market integration. Unprocessed coldwater shrimp leads the market in northern Europe. Downstream, prices adjust within a few months, indicating that a shrimp is a shrimp. In the short-run, the coldwater value chain seems to be protected from competition, but provides opportunities for a shift in consumer demand towards warmwater in the long-run. This implies that coldwater shrimp prices are determined by demand and supply of warmwater shrimp, which is 15 times larger. JEL Codes: C32, F15, Q21, Q22.
Asialoerythropoietin Is a Strong Modulator of Angiogenesis by Bone-Marrow Cells

The angiogenetic effect of asialoerythropoietin (asialoEPO) was investigated in a murine (BALB/c) ischemic hind limb model created by ligating the right femoral artery, and severe ischemia was created by ligating two points on the femoral artery. The mice were allocated to six groups: 1, Control (n = 15), no treatment; 2, BMC (n = 15), Injected with 1 × 106 bone marrow cells (BMC); 3, EPO (n = 15), EPO(500 U/kg for 2 weeks); 4, BMC + EPO (n = 15), BMC + erythropoietin (EPO); 5, asialoEPO (n = 15), asialoEPO (500 U/kg for 2 weeks); 6, BMC + asialoEPO (n = 15); BMC + asialoEPO. Blood flow in the ischemic and normal limbs was measured using a Doppler flowmeter on days 7 and 14. Vessel density was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for Von Willebrand Factor (vWF). In the severe ischemia model, limb survival was investigated. Blood flow was significantly higher in the BMC + asialoEPO group than in the Control, BMC, EPO, BMC + EPO, or asialoEPO group on day 7 (p =. 007) and on day 14 (p =. 002). Vascular density was also significantly higher in the BMC + asialoEPO (0.067 ± 0.022) group than in the Control (0.026 ± 0.007), BMC (0.027 ± 0.012) EPO (0.029 ± 0.002), BMC + EPO (0.048 ± 0.015), and asialoEPO (0.031 ± 0.001) groups (p =. 006). Finally, limb survival at day 14 in the severe ischemia model was significantly better in the BMC + asialoEPO group (83.3%) than in the Control (40.0%), BMC (52.9%), EPO (44.4%), BMC + EPO (64.7%), or asialoEPO (36.4%) group (p =. 02). This provides the conclusions that asialoEPO promotes angiogenesis by BMC and that its action is significantly more potent than that of EPO.