Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lidocaine protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in anesthetized rabbits

Perioperative myocardial infarction is a major complication that significantly affects patient prognosis. Surgical invasion and anesthesia significantly change perioperative hemodynamics, and increases the risk of myocardial ischemia. Lidocaine, an anesthetic agent that has been commonly used for local anesthesia during dental procedures, is often used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarction. It has been reported that lidocaine exerts a pharmacological preconditioning effect similar to that of volatile anesthetics, and that administration of lidocaine before and during myocardial ischemia decreases infarct size after reperfusion and lessens myocardial injury. However, although many studies on myocardial ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning mainly with volatile anesthetic agents have been conducted as ex vivo studies using isolated hearts, 6 the number of in vivo studies is limited. It has been suggested that lidocaine exerts its myocardial protective effect only when administered at high doses prior to ischemia, and it is largely unknown whether lidocaine given after the initiation of reperfusion protects myocardium. In the present study, lidocaine was continuously adLidocaine protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in anesthetized rabbits
Poisson distribution-based page updating prediction strategy

A kind of method predicting the updating period of page is proposed, using the Poisson distribution-based model suggested by Brewington in studying page updating of search engine. This method calculates the expectation of page updating period with Newton iteration method according to historical statistical data then applies it in the subsequent updating strategy, also revises it in the practice in order to approach the real value; its goal is to get a good balance between freshness and resource utilization. Compared to traditional grouping-by-frequency method, algorithm complexity reduces significantly.
Three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a study analyzing the three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins. Heavy atom derivatives were obtained. The compounds used were (1) p -chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS), (2) mercuric cyanide Hg(CN) 2 , and (3) chloroplatinate ion, (PtCl 6 −− ). X-ray diffraction data were measured for the native crystals and each of the heavy atom derivatives to a Bragg spacing of 6 A. Electron micrographs were prepared of sections of the Dob crystals, cut perpendicular to the short c axis. The crystals were fixed with glutaraldehyde, washed, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, and embedded in Maraglas prior to sectioning. The sections were further stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solutions. The method of optical integration was applied in which the periodicity of the crystal was used to reduce the background noise and reveal the molecular outline. An electron density map was calculated with phases obtained from the heavy atom derivatives. The examination of the map showed that one pair of asymmetric units (containing one complete molecule) had density corresponding to three globular regions. One region lay on the twofold axis relating the two halves of the Dob molecule.
Nonselective cation channels as effectors of free radical–induced rat liver cell necrosis

Necrosis, as opposed to apoptosis, is recognized as a nonspecific cell death that induces tissue inflammation and is preceded by cell edema. In non‐neuronal cells, the latter has been explained by defective outward pumping of Na+ caused by metabolic depletion or by increased Na+ influx via membrane transporters. Here we describe a novel mechanism of swelling and necrosis; namely the influx of Na+ through oxidative stress‐activated nonselective cation channels. Exposure of liver epithelial Clone 9 cells to the free‐radical donors calphostin C or menadione induced the rapid activation of an approximately 16‐pS nonselective cation channel (NSCC). Blockage of this conductance with flufenamic acid protected the cells against swelling, calcium overload, and necrosis. Protection was also achieved by Gd3+, an inhibitor of stretch‐activated cation channels, or by isosmotic replacement of extracellular Na+ with N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine. It is proposed that NSCCs, which are ubiquitous although largely inactive in healthy cells, become activated under severe oxidative stress. The ensuing influx of Na+ initiates a positive feedback of metabolic and electrolytic disturbances leading cells to their necrotic demise.
Serum adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with leukemia: A meta-analysis.

OBJECT This study is aimed at exploring the correlation between serum adiponectin (ADPN) levels and leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved using both computerized and manual searches. Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in strict accordance to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULT We searched 130 published studies and included 11 eligible studies for our meta-analysis according to our rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies included 637 leukemia patients and 524 healthy controls. Our meta-analysis showed: (1) Serum ADPN levels of patients with leukemia were lower than healthy controls; (2) a subgroup analysis based on sample size verified that serum ADPN levels in patients with leukemia were significantly lower than that in healthy controls irrespective of a large sample size (n ≥ 80) or a small sample size (n < 80). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggested that serum ADPN levels may be inversely correlated with leukemia, and ADPN levels can be used as an effective biologic marker in early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of leukemia.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND FIRM PERFORMANCE AFTER INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS: EVIDENCE FROM COMPANIES LISTED IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE (TSE)

In this study, the relationship between the some of corporate governance mechanisms and corporate financial performance after Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), based on data from 70 companies during the years 1381–1387 (2003–2009) are examined. Corporate governance mechanisms includes Ownership structure (i.e., Institutional ownership, Managerial ownership), and Board composition (i.e., the percentage of Non executive director or Board independence, and CEO duality) in order to evaluation of the, return on asset and Tobin’s Q is used. Statistical method used to test hypotheses is panel data approach. Findings show that institutional ownership and managerial ownership are positively related with firm performance after going public. Moreover, the percentage of non executive director improves firm performance. However, there is no relationship between CEO duality and firm performance.
Remote sensing archeological sites through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imaging

Advances in technology and lowering cost make drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (U.A.V.), appealing platforms for remote sensing. Data acquired through these technologies have broad appeal and widespread application across many industries and disciplines. Archaeologists have used aerial imagery derived from many sources as a means of identifying sites and ancient landscapes, yet this imagery has traditionally been acquired through satellite and aircraft platforms making cost and time a primary concern. For this reason, the availability of inexpensive U.A. V.s affords archaeologists access to obtaining their own data at a fraction of the cost. However, are they effective? For the purposes of this study, the DJI Phantom 2 Vision+ UAV, along with supporting software, was evaluated for its ability to create visible light imagery and elevation datasets useful in remote sensing archaeological sites. To test its effectiveness, a site was chosen in Bertie County, North Carolina discovered in 2007. The Salmon Creek site (31BR264), as it is known, is partially understood from previous archaeological studies as the location of a 16th Century Native American village. This previous work provided a foundation which our results could be tested and evaluated against and proved important to our interpretation of the data. The project not only demonstrated the effectiveness of the U.A. V. to acquire usable datasets, but contributed to the ongoing research.
Effect of Elevated Temperature and Increased CO2 Levels on Biochemical and Hormonal Parameters in Tharparkar and Karan Fries Heifers

Climate change of the earth is a unanimously accepted reality and probably one of the most prominent challenges for scientists, development workers, policy makers and stakeholders. Average global temperature is likely to rise by 2 to 11.5 0 F and the predicted increase in CO2 level will be 800 ppm from the present 400 ppm by 2100 (IPCC, 2007). The rise in CO2 level increases heat stress. Change in temperature and the level of CO2 will affect the biochemical functions in animals. It is predicted that the severity of heat-stress issue will become an increasing problem in the future as global warming progresses (Koluman and Silanikove, 2014; Renaudeau et al., 2012; Segnalini et al., 2013). The enzymes related to thermal stress adaptation are catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) (Kumar et al., 2003; Marai et al., 2004). Change in climate induces neuroendocrine and metabolic changes which in turn alter endocrine and enzyme release status and productivity of animals. The major International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 1985-1992 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Buckling of Ge nanowires under uniaxial compression

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the buckling properties of [100]-, [110]-, [111]-, and [112]-oriented single-crystalline germanium nanowires under uniaxial compression. The effects of simulation temperature, strain rate, and wire length on the buckling behaviour are investigated. The simulation results indicate that critical load clearly decreases with increasing temperature and with decreasing strain rate. Additionally, the present results show that the critical load decreases with the increase of wire length, which is in agreement with the Euler theory.
EFFECT OF PATHWAY-IN-THE-SKY AND SYNTHETIC TERRAIN IMAGERY ON SITUATION AWARENESS IN A SIMULATED LOW-LEVEL INGRESS SCENARIO

Abstract : Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) accidents continue to be a major source of loss of aircraft and aircrew in both military and civil aviation (Cooper, 1995; Miller, Price, and Darrah, 1987; Proctor, 1997). These accidents usually occur in reduced-visibility conditions, and with no prior awareness of impending collision on the part of the flight crew (Scott, 1996). While warning and automated collision avoidance systems have reduced the rate of CFIT accidents, these systems focus on symptoms rather than underlying causes. Often, a pilot's first response to a Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) alert is an attempt to verify the accuracy of the alert rather than taking immediate corrective action (Corwin, 1995). Data from the Air Force Safety Center indicate that CFIT accidents occur in a wide variety of missions and aircraft. In the last ten years, CFIT accidents have cost the Air Force 98 aircraft, 190 lives, and $1.68 billion (Moroze and Snow, 1999). Also, despite inclusion of GPWS, losses due to CFIT accidents show little sign of decreasing (see Figure 1).
Analysis and Design of Fully Integrated High-Power Parallel-Circuit Class-E CMOS Power Amplifiers

<para> A design methodology for watt-level, fully integrated CMOS power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. It is based on the analysis of the operation and power loss mechanism of class-E PAs, which includes the effects of a finite dc-feed inductance and an impedance matching transformer. Using the proposed approach, a class-E PA with a 2 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex> </formula> 1:2 step-up on-chip transformer was implemented in a 0.18-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS technology. With a 3.3 V supply, the fully integrated PA achieves an output power of 2 W and a power-added efficiency of 31% at 1.8 GHz. </para>
Stock market reactions to third‐party complaints

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impact of third‐party complaints on firm performance. It aims to use a financial measurement of performance, the variation in firm share returns in the stock market following the publication of the Annual Complaints Service Report by the Bank of Spain. Building on modern theory of financial markets and resource‐based theory, it aims to propose that the release of information about third‐party complaints negatively influences firms' stock returns.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical research is conducted on a sample of Spanish banks to which complaints were made and which were quoted on the Spanish Stock Exchange between 1992 and 2002. It employs the event study methodology.Findings – The results of the study indicate that the release of the annual report of the Complaints Service of the Bank of Spain negatively affects the market's assessment of future cash flows.Research limitations/implications – Banks of a large size were selected, which res.
Own labels: An adjunct to brands?

With grocery brands manufacturers trying to respond to the increasingly concentrated retailing environment and the significant investment in own labels by retailers, a less than healthy future has been reported for some brands (eg Leahy, 1987). To succeed, grocery brands manufacturers should not only take into account consumer buying behaviour, but also recognise and respond to retailers' strategic objectives. However, brands manufacturers have to strike the right balance between satisfying consumers' needs and helping retailers achieve their corporate goals. Warnings have been sounded about the dangers of brands manufacturers shifting their attention too much to retailers, with the consequential cut in consumer related activities, and during the first part of this decade there has been speculation about whether own labels and brands were becoming more alike. This paper is concerned with the problem of similarities/dissimilarities between brands and retailer labels and by reporting on a major consumer research programme provides insight as to the way consumers perceive the competitive tiers of brands, own labels and generics.
Characterization of tobacco protein kinase NPK5, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF1 that constitutively activates expression of the glucose-repressible SUC2 gene for a secreted invertase of S. cerevisiae

We have isolated a cDNA (cNPK5) that encodes a protein kinase of 511 amino acids from suspension cultures of tobacco cells. The predicted kinase domain of NPK5 is 65% identical in terms of amino acid sequence to that of the SNF1 serine/threonine protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which plays a central role in catabolite repression in yeast cells. SNF1 positively regulates transcription of various glucose-repressible genes of the yeast, such as the SUC2 gene for a secreted invertase, in response to glucose deprivation: snf1 mutants cannot utilize sucrose as a carbon source. Expression of cNPK5 in yeast cells allowed the snf1 mutant cells to utilize sucrose for growth and caused constitutive expression of the SUC2 gene in wild-type cells even in the presence of glucose, an indication that the NPK5 protein is present in a constitutively active form in S. cerevisiae. On the other hand, expression of cNPK5 failed to suppress the growth defect of the snf4 mutant cells in the presence of sucrose and to induce expression of the SUC2 gene. These results indicate that SNF4 is required for the induction of SUC2 expression by NPK5, as by SNF1, even if NPK5 is constitutively active in S. cerevisiae. The recombinant NPK5 protein is capable of autophosphorylation in vitro in a reaction that requires Mn2+ rather than Mg2+ ions but is inhibited by Ca2+ ions. Both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants have several copies of the NPK5-related gene, which probably constitute a small gene family. NPK5-related genes were found to be expressed in the roots, leaves, and stems of tobacco plants. The high degree of structural conservation and the functional similarity of NPK5 to SNF1 lead us to speculate that NPK5 (or a related kinase) also plays a role in sugar metabolism in higher plants.
A Study on the Priority Decision for Interconnection of PV System on Power Distribution System considering Customer Interruption Costs

- In this paper, when photovoltaic systems are connected to distribution system, most effective capacity and location of PV system are studied considering customer interruption costs of power distribution system. The reliability model of PV system considering the duration of sunshine, the model of time-varying load and Roy Billinton test system (bus2 model) are used. To simulate the effects of PV system, various cases are selected; (1) base case which is no connection of PV system to power distribution system when faults are occurred, (2) 3MW case which is 3[MW] connection of PV system (3) 4[MW] case, and (4) 20[MW] case which is 20[MW] connection of PV system to the bus of power distribution system. The capacity limit of connected PV system is settled to 14[MW] for all cases except case 4. The reliability and customer interruption costs for residential, general, industrial, and educational customer is evaluated
Cell phenotypic variation in normal and damaged tendons

Injuries to tendons are common in both human athletes as well as in animals, such as the horse, which are used for competitive purposes. Furthermore, such injuries are also increasing in prevalence in the ageing, sedentary population. Tendon diseases often respond poorly to treatment and require lengthy periods of rehabilitation. The tendon has a unique extracellular matrix, which has developed to withstand the mechanical demands of such tensile‐load bearing structures. Following injury, any repair process is inadequate and results in tissue that is distinct from original tendon tissue. There is growing evidence for the key role of the tendon cell (tenocyte) in both the normal physiological homeostasis and regulation of the tendon matrix and the pathological derangements that occur in disease. In particular, the tenocyte is considered to have a major role in effecting the subclinical matrix degeneration that is thought to occur prior to clinical disease, as well as in the severe degradative events that occur in the tendon at the onset of clinical disease. Furthermore, the tenocyte is likely to have a central role in the production of the biologically inadequate fibrocartilaginous repair tissue that develops subsequent to tendinopathy. Understanding the biology of the tenocyte is central to the development of appropriate interventions and drug therapies that will either prevent the onset of disease, or lead to more rapid and appropriate repair of injured tendon. Central to this is a full understanding of the proteolytic response in the tendon in disease by such enzymes as metalloproteinases, as well as the control of the inappropriate fibrocartilaginous differentiation. Finally, it is important that we understand the role of both intrinsic and extrinsic cellular elements in the repair process in the tendon subsequent to injury.
Therapeutic and Protective Effect of Wheat Germ Oil on L-arginine Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Adult Albino Rats

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease that still has high morbidity and mortality rates. Oxygen free radicals and cytokines have been mentioned to play a role in the development of L-arginine induced AP. There is no specific therapy for AP. Herbals, as botanical medical treatments, have generated a deal of public controversy in recent years. Wheat germ oil (WGO) is one of these treatments that possess anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effect of wheat germ oil on L-arginine induced AP in adult albino rats. Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided equally into five groups: Group I (control group). Group II (WGO group): received WGO by oral gavage once daily for 3 successive days. Group III (AP group): received double IP injection of L-arginine with 1 h interval. Group IV (protection group): received WGO as group II, followed by Larginine injection as group III. Group V (therapeutic group): received L-arginine followed by WGO. Blood samples were taken for biochemical assessment of serum lipase to confirm induction of AP. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and specimens from head of the pancreas were taken and prepared for light, electron microscopic examinations and ELISA detection of interleukin-1β. Results: AP and protected groups showed extensive acinar cell damage in the form of loss of basal basophilia, necrotic changes, interstitial edema, severe inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage. These groups showed statistical significant increase in the mean of pancreatic damage compared to control group (p<0.05). Ultrastructurally, the acinar cells showed dense heterochromatic nuclei with many degraded electron-lucent zymogen granules and swollen, disarranged rER. However, the acini showed significant improvement in the therapeutic group. Conclusion: WGO has a therapeutic not a protective effect on L-arginine-induced AP which might be through its anti-inflammatory effects.
Half-mode substrate integrated waveguide fed compact slot antenna

A half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) fed compact slot antenna is proposed in this work. The width of the proposed half mode antenna has been reduced by half of the dimension compared to that of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) without degrading the other characteristics like gain, co-polarized radiation over the principal planes and input impedance compared to those with the conventional SIW. Thus, the proposed miniaturized concept can be employed instead of SIW. A compact slot has been taken in our design so that the total effective length for the Ku band application can be adjusted within the width of the HMSIW. The slot length and width have been optimized for better performance of the HMSIW. In this structure a gain of 5.6 dBi, return loss (RL) of -19 dB and beam width of 22 degree have been achieved.
Family-Owned Businesses : An Assessment of the Various Leadership Styles and its Influence on Management Decision-Making

Family-owned businesses are usually associated with a low rate of survival. Statistically, less than three in ten will survive the first 50 years. However, statistics show that around 65% of all business enterprises are family-owned, and in a country with an unemployment rate as high as ours, building enterprises for future generations is critical. The literature acknowledges that management leadership styles play an important role within family-owned businesses in terms of decision making. The research consists of quantitative analysis conducted on a family-owned business in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. The target population selected for this study consisted of fortytwo employees. Respondents were surveyed using a forcedchoice questionnaire. Findings revealed that the laissez faire and democratic leadership styles seem to be predominant at the organisation. However, there is still a need for more transformational leaders within the organisation, in an attempt to enhance the motivation, morale, and performance of employees. Leaders should create an environment of team spirit as people work more effectively when they feel acknowledged as part of a team. Failure to do so could hamper the growth of the family business.