Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Well-Behaved vs. Pathological Deep Neural Networks

We introduce a novel approach, requiring only mild assumptions, for the characterization of deep neural networks at initialization. Our approach applies both to fully-connected and convolutional networks and easily incorporates batch normalization and skip-connections. Our key insight is to consider the evolution with depth of statistical moments of signal and noise, thereby characterizing the presence or absence of pathologies in the hypothesis space encoded by the choice of hyperparameters. We establish: (i) for feedforward networks, with and without batch normalization, the multiplicativity of layer composition inevitably leads to ill-behaved moments and pathologies; (ii) for residual networks with batch normalization, on the other hand, skip-connections induce power-law rather than exponential behaviour, leading to well-behaved moments and no pathology.
Symbolic Integration of Hyperexponential 1-Forms

Let H be a hyperexponential function in n variables x=(x1,…,xn) with coefficients in a field ℚ , [ℚ :ℚ ] < ∞, and ω a rational differential 1-form. Assume that Hømega is closed and H transcendental. We prove using Schanuel conjecture that there exist a univariate function f and multivariate rational functions F,R such that ∫ Hω= f(F(x))+H(x)R(x). We present an algorithm to compute this decomposition. This allows us to present an algorithm to construct a basis of the cohomology of differential 1-forms with coefficients in Hℚ [x,1/(SD)] for a given H, D being the denominator of dH/H and S ∈ ℚ [x] a square free polynomial. As an application, we generalize a result of Singer on differential equations on the plane: whenever it admits a Liouvillian first integral I but no Darbouxian first integral, our algorithm gives a rational variable change linearising the system.
Effective locomotion at multiple stride frequencies using proprioceptive feedback on a legged microrobot

Limitations in actuation, sensing, and computation have forced small legged robots to rely on carefully tuned, mechanically mediated leg trajectories for effective locomotion. Recent advances in manufacturing, however, have enabled in such robots the ability for operation at multiple stride frequencies using multi-degree-of-freedom leg trajectories. Proprioceptive sensing and control is key to extending the capabilities of these robots to a broad range of operating conditions. In this work, we use concomitant sensing for piezoelectric actuation with a computationally efficient framework for estimation and control of leg trajectories on a quadrupedal microrobot. We demonstrate accurate position estimation (<16 root-mean-square error) and control (<16 root-mean-square tracking error) during locomotion across a wide range of stride frequencies (10 Hz–50 Hz). This capability enables the exploration of two bioinspired parametric leg trajectories designed to reduce leg slip and increase locomotion performance (e.g. speed, cost-of-transport (COT), etc). Using this approach, we demonstrate high performance locomotion at stride frequencies (10 Hz–30 Hz) where the robot’s natural dynamics result in poor open-loop locomotion. Furthermore, we validate the biological hypotheses that inspired the trajectories and identify regions of highly dynamic locomotion, low COT (3.33), and minimal leg slippage (<10%).
Anti-tumorigenic and Platinum-Sensitizing Effects of Apolipoprotein A1 and Apolipoprotein A1 Mimetic Peptides in Ovarian Cancer

Objective: Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is remarkably decreased in serum and ovarian tissues of ovarian cancer patients. ApoA1 and ApoA1 mimetic peptides can sequestrate pro-inflammatory phospholipids, some of which are known to activate a variety of oncogenic pathways. Besides, more intrinsic anti-tumorigenic properties, independent from interaction with lipids, have also been described for ApoA1. We aimed to disclose the effects of ApoA1 and a mimetic peptide on the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells, particularly regarding cell viability, invasiveness and platinum sensitization. Methods: Cells viability was assessed by MTS assay. Extracellular matrix invasion was assessed by transwell and spheroid invasion assays. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the effect of test compounds on intracellular pathways. Sensitization assays were performed in vitro and in the biologically relevant in ovo chorioallantoic membrane model. Results: Both ApoA1 and the mimetic peptide, at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, were able to decrease the viability of SKOV3, CAOV3, and OVCAR3 cells (p < 0.05). The peptide at this concentration was not able to affect the viability of immortalized non-neoplastic ovarian cells (p > 0.05). ApoA1 decreased SKOV3 cells invasiveness at 300 μg/mL after 72 and 96 h of exposure (p < 0.05), while the ApoA1 mimetic peptide prevented cell invasion at 50 and 100 μg/mL (p < 0.01). Treatment with 100 μg/mL of ApoA1 mimetic peptide decreased Akt phosphorylation in SKOV3 cells (p < 0.01). Accordingly, treatment with increasing concentrations of the peptide sensitized SKOV3, OVCAR3 and CAOV3 cells to cisplatin. This synergistic effect was observed both in vitro and in ovo. Conclusions: These results support the role of ApoA1 and ApoA1 mimetics as suppressors of ovarian tumorigenesis and as chemo-sensitising agents.
High-Level PM2.5/PM10 Exposure Is Associated With Alterations in the Human Pharyngeal Microbiota Composition

Previous studies showed that high concentration of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and PM10 carried a large number of bacterial and archaeal species, including pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. In this study, pharyngeal swabs from 83 subjects working in an open air farmer’s market were sampled before and after exposure to smog with PM2.5 and PM10 levels up to 200 and 300 μg/m3, respectively. Their microbiota were investigated using high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The genus level phylotypes was increased from 649 to 767 in the post-smog pharyngeal microbiota, of which 142 were new and detected only in the post-smog microbiota. The 142 new genera were traced to sources such as soil, marine, feces, sewage sludge, freshwater, hot springs, and saline lakes. The abundance of the genera Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Moraxella, and Staphylococcus increased in the post-smog pharyngeal microbiota. All six alpha diversity indices and principal component analysis showed that the taxonomic composition of the post-smog pharyngeal microbiota was significantly different to that of the pre-smog pharyngeal microbiota. Redundancy analysis showed that the influences of PM2.5/PM10 exposure and smoking on the taxonomic composition of the pharyngeal microbiota were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Two days of exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5/PM10 changed the pharyngeal microbiota profiles, which may lead to an increase in respiratory diseases. Wearing masks could reduce the effect of high-level PM2.5/PM10 exposure on the pharyngeal microbiota.
Emergent Prophylactic, Reparative and Restorative Brain Interventions for Infants Born Preterm With Cerebral Palsy

Worldwide, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks' gestation) every year. Despite significant improvements in survival rates, preterm infants often face a lifetime of neurodevelopmental disability including cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments. Indeed, prematurity remains the largest risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy. The developing brain of the preterm infant is particularly fragile; preterm babies exhibit varying severities of cerebral palsy arising from reductions in both cerebral white and gray matter volumes, as well as altered brain microstructure and connectivity. Current intensive care therapies aim to optimize cardiovascular and respiratory function to protect the brain from injury by preserving oxygenation and blood flow. If a brain injury does occur, definitive diagnosis of cerebral palsy in the first few hours and weeks of life is difficult, especially when the lesions are subtle and not apparent on cranial ultrasound. However, early diagnosis of mildly affected infants is critical, because these are the patients most likely to respond to emergent treatments inducing neuroplasticity via high-intensity motor training programs and regenerative therapies involving stem cells. A current controversy is whether to test universal treatment in all infants at risk of brain injury, accepting that some patients never required treatment, because the perceived potential benefits outweigh the risk of harm. Versus, waiting for a diagnosis before commencing targeted treatment for infants with a brain injury, and potentially missing the therapeutic window. In this review, we discuss the emerging prophylactic, reparative, and restorative brain interventions for infants born preterm, who are at high risk of developing cerebral palsy. We examine the current evidence, considering the timing of the intervention with relation to the proposed mechanism/s of action. Finally, we consider the development of novel markers of preterm brain injury, which will undoubtedly lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic capability, and more accurate instruments to assess the efficacy of emerging interventions for this most vulnerable group of infants.
Progress in Somatic Embryogenesis of Japanese Pines

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in not only one of the most promising techniques for mass propagation of selected trees, but also is a valuable tool for basic research studies in cell biology and genetic engineering, and it allows the long-term ex situ conservation of genetic resources by cryopreservation techniques. This review reports the most recent progress in SE, protoplast culture, and cryopreservation of four important Japanese pines (Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Pinus armandii var. amamiana, and Pinus luchuensis). Induction of embryogenic tissues (ET), embryogenic culture maintenance/proliferation, production of somatic embryos, germination, and conversion to plants are described focusing on the protocols most commonly reported for plant production in Pinus species through to SE.
Findings From a Global Survey of Certified Professional Co-Active Coaches

Currently, research supporting the validity of coaching is rising in both executive and life coaching arenas. Research has revealed that co-active life coaching (CALC), a particular style of coaching, is compatible with health-behaviour theory. However, very little information is known about co-active coaches themselves. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive, applied coaching profile using a global sample of English-reading and -writing certified professional co-active coaches (CPCCs). The survey used for this study was a revised version of the Grant and Zackon (2004) coaching survey. A total of 390 CPCCs who were over 18 years of age, could read English, and had access to the internet participated in the current study. Data on credentialing, prior professional backgrounds, and coaching session structure were collected. Virtually all CPCCs came from a prior profession, most had a college or equivalent degree, and coaching over the phone was the most common method of conducting coaching sessions. In addition, data on coach demographics, coaching careers and CPCCs coaching clientele was collected. This paper elaborates on these findings and makes suggestions for future research.
URLD (Ultrarapid Limited Dissection Abdominoplasty) Is Safe with Caesarean Section

Abdominoplasty is not advisable with caesarean section because of high incidence of complications. We have changed the technique of proper abdominoplasty to ultrarapid limited dissection abdominoplasty in 25 women undergoing caesarean section successfully and found that there was no incidence of any complication usually described with proper abdominoplasty, and we recommend that limited dissection abdominoplasty can be combined with caesarean section.
Impulsive Noise Mitigation in Underwater Acoustic Communication Systems: Experimental Studies

Impulsive noise is a major impediment to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a memoryless analog nonlinear preprocessor (MANP) that is used to mitigate outliers. The proposed MANP exhibits intermittent nonlinearity only in the presence of the impulsive noise and suppresses the power of outliers based on their amplitudes. Since the outliers are distinguishable in the analog domain prior to anti-aliasing filtering, the MANP outperforms its digital counterparts in all scenarios. Experimental results using data collected in an under-ice environment, demonstrate the superior BER performance of our approach relative to classical nonlinear approaches such as blanking and clipping.
Diccionario Esencial De La Lengua Espanola

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The Diagnostic and Clinical Approach to Pediatric Myocarditis: A Review of the Current Literature

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from mild symptoms to severe heart failure. The course of patients with myocarditis is heterogeneous, varying from partial or full clinical recovery in a few days to advanced low cardiac output syndrome requiring mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation. Myocarditis is a very heterogeneous disease, especially in the pediatric age group as worldwide disease myocarditis has been defined by the World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology as an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle diagnosed by established histological, immunologic, and immunohistological criteria. Pediatric myocarditis remains challenging from the perspectives of diagnosis and management. Multiple etiologies exist, and the majority of cases appear to be related to viral illnesses. Enteroviruses are believed to be the most common cause, although cases related to adenovirus may be more frequent than suspected. The clinical presentation is extremely varied, ranging from asymptomatic to sudden unexpected death. A high index of suspicion is crucial. There is emerging evidence to support investigations such as serum N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels, as well as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as adjuncts to the clinical diagnosis. In the future, these may reduce the necessity for invasive methods, such as endomyocardial biopsy, which remain the gold standard. Management generally includes supportive care, consisting of cardiac failure medical management, with the potential for mechanical support and cardiac transplantation. Treatments aimed at immunosuppression remain controversial. The paediatrics literature is extremely limited with no conclusive evidence to support or refute these strategies. All these summarised in this article and the listed current literature showed that there is no consensus regarding aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of myocarditis in pediatric patients.
Visual Computing for Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications

Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition, offers cutting-edge visualization techniques and their applications in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book includes algorithms, applications, and ideas on achieving reliability of results and clinical evaluation of the techniques covered. Preim and Botha illustrate visualization techniques from research, but also cover the information required to solve practical clinical problems. They base the book on several years of combined teaching and research experience. This new edition includes six new chapters on treatment planning, guidance and training; an updated appendix on software support for visual computing for medicine; and a new global structure that better classifies and explains the major lines of work in the field.
Assessing the Clinical Effect of Residual Cortical Disconnection After Ischemic Strokes

Background and Purpose—Studies assessing the relationship between chronic poststroke language impairment (aphasia) and ischemic brain damage usually rely on measuring the extent of brain necrosis observed on MRI. Nonetheless, clinical observation suggests that patients can exhibit deficits that are more severe than what would be expected based on lesion location and size. This phenomenon is commonly explained as being the result of cortical disconnection. To understand whether disconnection contributes to clinical symptoms, we assessed the relationship between language impairments and structural brain connectivity (the connectome) in patients with chronic aphasia after a stroke. Methods—Thirty-nine patients with chronic aphasia underwent language assessment and MRI scanning. Relying on MRI data, we reconstructed the individual connectome from T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging. Deterministic fiber tractography was used to assess connectivity between each possible pair of cortical Brodmann areas. Mul.
A hands-on experience of the use of active learning and some innovative teaching techniques in a basic engineering subject = Una experiencia práctica del uso de aprendizaje activo y técnicas docentes innovadoras en una asignatura básica de ingeniería

Abstract This paper presents the experience of trialling a variety of combined learning techniques in the framework of a second-year engineering subject (Electromagnetic Fields), paying special attention to the point of view of the students and the usefulness perceived by them. The techniques include both traditional ones such as lecturing and problem solving by the teacher, as well as more innovative ones such as videos, minute papers, daily summary presentations and in-class team working. Engineering schools have been traditionally reluctant to implement profound changes in their teaching techniques but at the same time, the current evolution of the requirements of the industrial sector makes them aware of the urgent need for new ideas in the field of teaching, and so inevitably gives them a potentially leading role in the development of new classroom techniques. This work is intended as a firm step in the direction of positive change for engineering studies. Resumen Este articulo presenta la experiencia del uso de un conjunto de tecnicas de aprendizaje combinadas en el contexto de una asignatura de segundo curso de ingenieria (campos electromagneticos), prestando una atencion especial al punto de vista de los alumnos y a su percepcion de utilidad para ellos mismos. Entre las tecnicas usadas hay algunas mas tradicionales como clases magistrales o resolucion de problemas a cargo del profesor, y otras mas innovadoras como videos, pruebas de un minuto, resumenes orales diarios y trabajo en equipo en el aula. Las escuelas de ingenieros han sido tradicionalmente poco dadas a cambios radicales en sus metodos de ensenanza, pero al mismo tiempo, la evolucion actual de los requerimientos de la industria, las hace especialmente conscientes de la necesidad urgente de nuevas ideas en el campo de la docencia, colocandolas en una posicion de liderazgo en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnicas de ensenanza. Este trabajo pretende ser un paso decidido en la direccion de un cambio positivo de los estudios de ingenieria.
Neural Matrix and Its Role in Preoperative Evaluation of Partial Epilepsy

The network characteristic of the central neural system has been widely accepted as a basic fabric form. However, the matrix characteristics of neural network are still not fully understood. If we ignore the matrix characteristics of the neural networks and just pay close attention to its connection mode, we are likely to fall into the theory of mechanical reductionism. This can lead to a problem in representing consciousness in a disadvantageous situation. It can also be a barrier to further improving the global workspace theory. Incomplete elucidation of the mechanisms of consciousness representation can also affect the assessment of the surgical outcome of partial epilepsy with conscious injury. Therefore, this paper reviews the epistemological development of neuroscience. We will initially describe the matrix characteristics of the neural system and their significance to the information processing mechanism, and further explore the role of neural matrix in identifying cases of partial epilepsy with little effect on the resection of the lesion.
A puzzle solver and its application in speech descrambling

The security problem of speech communication has always been a demanding problem in military and business areas. A common approach to realizing end-to-end security is the use of a scrambler. Most of the scramblers are based on permutation of speech signals in the time domain and/or frequency domain. On the other hand, descramblers are used to eavesdrop information from scrambled speech signals. In this paper we propose a new approach to implement a descrambler. We treat the descrambling problem as a puzzle solving problem. In this considered puzzle problem, each piece is a rectangular-shaped gray scaled image puzzle. We propose two different methods to assemble puzzles. While the first method is based on human heuristics, the second method is based on the Ant Colony System (ACS) algorithm. Sixty scambled images were used to test the proposed methods.
MRXT: The Multi-Robot Exploration Tool

This paper presents the multi-robot eXploration tool (MRXT) [Freely available at http://arvc.umh. es/mrxt], a new mobile robotics simulation tool whose aim is to experiment and understand some well-known multi-robot exploration algorithms. The application is designed to test and compare different multi-robot exploration algorithms as well as SLAM techniques. The application includes a wide range of exploration algorithms that differ in their level of coordination and integration with the SLAM algorithm. The tool is focused on describing the exploration problem in a simple manner so that it is useful for educational or research purposes. In comparison with other simulation tools, MRXT is the first application completely focused on the exploration problem, so it can be easily employed to understand interactively many of the issues regarding this general problem in mobile robotics. Furthermore, the paper describes some examples using the tool.