Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Measurement of Caregiver Burden

The assessment of burden has become a challenging task for most researchers because cultural, ethical, religious and other personal values may influence perceptions of meaning and consequences of burden. This article reviewed selected instruments that have been used in the last 15 years including Zarit's Burden Interview, Montgomery's Burden Scale, Vitaliano's Screen for Caregiver Burden, Novak's Caregiver Burden Inventory, and Kosberg and Cairl's Cost of Care Index. Several criteria were used to evaluate the burden scales: (a) the implicit/explicit theoretical foundation, (b) the specific construction and level of measurement, (c) available psychometric properties, and (d) overall evaluation. The traditional unidimensional measurement methods impose several limitations on the research results and subsequent interpretations. Multidimensional instruments match burden's definition and overcome these limitations that permit the exploration of the internal psychological structure of a respondent's perceptions of burden. Due to the relatively unconstraining assumptions and methods of response elicitation required, multidimensional instruments are particularly useful for investigating questions in the complex areas of burden. Overall, the multidimensional burden measures for caregivers that identify components of the construct can help in advancing knowledge, and evaluating interventions. In addition, the multidimensional burden measures can also be used for professional assessment, decisions, and counseling.
Direct Observation of Nanoparticulate Goethite Recrystallization by Atom Probe Analysis of Isotopic Tracers.

Goethite (α-FeOOH) is dispersed throughout Earth's surface and its propensity to recrystallize in aqueous solutions determines whether this mineral is a source or sink for critical trace elements in the environment. Under reducing conditions, goethite commonly co-exists with aqueous Fe(II) (Fe(II)aq), which accelerates recrystallization by coupled electron transfer and atom exchange. Quantifying the amount of the mineral phase that exchanges its structural Fe(III) atoms with Fe(II)aq is complicated by recrystallization models with untested assumptions of whether, and to what extent, the recrystallized portion of the mineral continues to interact with the solution. Here, we reacted nanoparticulate goethite with 57Fe-enriched Fe(II)aq and used atom probe tomography (APT) to resolve the 3-dimensional distribution of Fe isotopes in goethite at the sub nm scale. We found that the 57Fe tracer isotope is enriched in the bulk structure (tens of nanometers deep), with some samples having 57Fe penetration throughout at a level that is similar to the isotopic composition of Fe(II)aq. This suggests that some particles undergo near-complete recrystallization. In other cases, however, the distribution of 57Fe is more heterogeneous and generally concentrates near the particle periphery. Nanoparticle encapsulation and subsequent APT can hence capture hidden recrystallization mechanisms which are critical to predicting reactivity in aqueous solutions.
Two Is Better Than One: Studying Ustilago bromivora-Brachypodium Compatibility by Using a Hybrid Pathogen.

Pathogenic fungi can have devastating effects on agriculture and health. One potential challenge in dealing with pathogens is the possibility of a host jump (i.e., when a pathogen infects a new host species). This can lead to the emergence of new diseases or complicate the management of existing threats. We studied host specificity by using a hybrid fungus formed by mating two closely related fungi: Ustilago bromivora, which normally infects Brachypodium spp. , and U. hordei, which normally infects barley. Although U. hordei was unable to infect Brachypodium spp. , the hybrid could. These hybrids also displayed the same mating-type bias that had been observed in U. bromivora and provide evidence of a dominant spore-killer-like system on the sex chromosome of U. bromivora. By analyzing the genomic composition of 109 hybrid strains, backcrossed with U. hordei over four generations, we identified three regions associated with infection on Brachypodium spp. and 75 potential virulence candidates. The most strongly associated region was located on chromosome 8, where seven genes encoding predicted secreted proteins were identified. The fact that we identified several regions relevant for pathogenicity on Brachypodium spp. but that none were essential suggests that host specificity, in the case of U. bromivora, is a multifactorial trait which can be achieved through different subsets of virulence factors.
Bleeding After Hospital Discharge Following Acute Coronary Syndrome: Incidence, Types, Timing, and Predictors

Background The incidence and predictors of bleeding after acute coronary syndrome are unclear within the real‐world setting. Our objective was to determine the incidence, types, timing, and predictors of bleeding complications following hospital discharge after acute coronary syndrome. Methods and Results We used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, with linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics, to determine the incidence, timing, and types of bleeding events within 12 months after hospital discharge for acute coronary syndrome. We assessed independent associations between postdischarge bleeding and baseline patient characteristics using a competing risk regression model, accounting for death as a competing event. Among 27 660 patients surviving to hospital discharge, 3620 (13%) experienced bleeding complications at a median time of 123 days (interquartile range, 45–223 days) after discharge. The incidence of bleeding was 162/1000 person‐years (95% CI, 157–167/1000 person‐years) within the first 12 months after hospital discharge. Bruising (949 bleeds [26%]) was the most common type of first bleeding event, followed by gastrointestinal bleed (705 bleeds [20%]), whereas intracranial bleed was relatively rare (81 bleeds [2%]). Significant predictors of postdischarge bleeding included history of bleeding complication, oral anticoagulant prescription, history of peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and advanced age (>80 years). Predictors for postdischarge bleeding varied, depending on the anatomic site of the bleeding event. Conclusions Bleeding complications after hospital discharge for acute coronary syndrome are common. Patients who experience these bleeding events have distinct baseline characteristics, which vary by anatomic site of the bleed. These characteristics can inform risk‐benefit considerations in deciding on favorable combination and duration of secondary antithrombotic therapy.
A pr 2 00 8 The Symplectic Geometry of Penrose Rhombus Tilings Fiammetta Battaglia and Elisa Prato

The purpose of this article is to view Penrose rhombus tilings from the perspective of symplectic geometry. We show that each thick rhombus in such a tiling can be naturally associated to a highly singular 4–dimensional compact symplectic space MR, while each thin rhombus can be associated to another such space Mr; both spaces are invariant under the Hamiltonian action of a 2–dimensional quasitorus, and the images of the corresponding moment mappings give the rhombuses back. The spaces MR and Mr are diffeomorphic but not symplectomorphic. Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 53D20. Secondary: 52C23
The Effect of Shift Structure on Performance: The Role of Fatigue for Paramedics

The effect of shift structure on worker performance and productivity is an issue of increasing interest to firms and regulatory bodies. Using approximately 742,000 emergency medical incidents attended by 2,400 paramedics in the state of Mississippi, we evaluate the extent to which paramedics' performance towards the end of their shift is impacted by its length. We find evidence that their performance deteriorates towards the end of long shifts, and argue that fatigue is the mediating factor. These findings have implications for workforce organization, calling attention to regulation designed to limit extended work hours.
The Mobility of Elderly Residents Living in Suburban Territories

Abstract Many authors have observed die elders' unanimous aspirations to age in place. Such residential aspirations echo theoretical concepts such as “environmental-fit. ” Aging residents adapt to their residential environment according to their autonomy level, their financial and social resources, as well as the meanings they invest in both residential situations and lifestyle (Lord, 2004; Wagnild, 2001). Therefore, the suburbs constitute a challenge for aging residents' intentions to remain in their home for as long as possible. These low-density environments encourage car dependency for almost every daily activity. In that regard, many studies have investigated the daily mobility patterns of elders living in such areas. However, most of them have focused on aspects linked to transportation and driving security (Rosenbloom, 2003). In this context, with a socio-anthropological (in-depth interviews) method, the elders' daily mobility is explored in a complex layering of issues. Two interdisciplinary qualitative researches on the daily and residential mobility of elderly suburbanites have been used: a group living in Quebec City's Post-War suburbs in Canada (n = 56) and another in Marseille's periurban suburbs in France (n = 36). The results show that we must investigate beyond the elders' “emotional attachment”to their “home” in order to explain the everyday tensions underlying accessibility and daily mobility. Aging in a single-family house is more than a deliberate choice. Moving away from one's neighborhood is considered a last resort alternative by the majority. Instead, the elderly from both milieus will adapt their lifestyles to the environment by redesigning their daily activities and their mobility practices in order to age in place. Therefore, adapting daily mobility practices to social interactions and social representations all become a sine qua nonecondition.
Abstract: The paper deals with the design and implementation of a truly scalable internconnection entworks

In this paper, we infer the statuses of a taxi, consisting of occupied, non-occupied and parked, in terms of its GPS trajectory. The status information can enable urban computing for improving a city’s transportation systems and land use planning. In our solution, we first identify and extract a set of effective features incorporating the knowledge of a single trajectory, historical trajectories and geographic data like road network. Second, a parking status detection algorithm is devised to find parking places (from a given trajectory), dividing a trajectory into segments (i.e., sub-trajectories). Third, we propose a two-phase inference model to learn the status (occupied or non-occupied) of each point from a taxi segment. This model first uses the identified features to train a local probabilistic classifier and then carries out a Hidden SemiMarkov Model (HSMM) for globally considering long term travel patterns. We evaluated our method with a large-scale real-world trajectory dataset generated by 600 taxis, showing the advantages of our method over baselines.
Novel Architecture for 3D model in virtual communities from detected face

In this research paper we suggest how to extract a face from an image, modify it, characterize it in terms of high-level properties, and apply it to the creation of a personalized avatar. In this research work we tested, we implemented the algorithm on several hundred facial images, including many taken under uncontrolled acquisition conditions, and found to exhibit satisfactory performance for immediate practical use.
PrivySense: $\underline{Pri}$ce $\underline{V}$olatilit$\underline{y}$ based $\underline{Sen}$timent$\underline{s}$ $\underline{E}$stimation from Financial News using Machine Learning

As machine learning ascends the peak of computer science zeitgeist, the usage and experimentation with sentiment analysis using various forms of textual data seems pervasive. The effect is especially pronounced in formulating securities trading strategies, due to a plethora of reasons including the relative ease of implementation and the abundance of academic research suggesting automated sentiment analysis can be productively used in trading strategies. The source data for such analyzers ranges a broad spectrum like social media feeds, micro-blogs, real-time news feeds, ex-post financial data etc. The abstract technique underlying these analyzers involve supervised learning of sentiment classification where the classifier is trained on annotated source corpus, and accuracy is measured by testing how well the classifiers generalizes on unseen test data from the corpus. Post training, and validation of fitted models, the classifiers are used to execute trading strategies, and the corresponding returns are compared with appropriate benchmark returns (for e.g., the S&P500 returns). In this paper, we introduce $\underline{a\ novel\ technique\ of\ using\ price\ volatilities\ to\ empirically\ determine\ the\ sentiment\ in\ news\ data}$, instead of the traditional reverse approach. We also perform meta sentiment analysis by evaluating the efficacy of existing sentiment classifiers and the precise definition of sentiment from securities trading context. We scrutinize the efficacy of using human-annotated sentiment classification and the tacit assumptions that introduces subjective bias in existing financial news sentiment classifiers.
Exact Phase Transitions in Random Constraint Satisfaction Problems

In this paper we propose a new type of random CSP model, called Model RB, which is a revision to the standard Model B. It is proved that phase transitions from a region where almost all problems are satisfiable to a region where almost all problems are unsatisfiable do exist for Model RB as the number of variables approaches infinity. Moreover, the critical values at which the phase transitions occur are also known exactly. By relating the hardness of Model RB to Model B, it is shown that there exist a lot of hard instances in Model RB.
D ec 2 00 8 HRI-P-0808-002 HRI-RECAPP-2008-010 Non-universal gaugino and scalar masses , hadronically quiet trileptons and the Large Hadron Collider

We investigate the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) where the gluino and squark masses are much above 1 TeV but the remaining part of the sparticle spectrum is accessible to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. After pointing out that such a scenario may constitute an important benchmark of gaugino/scalar non-universality, we find that hadronically quiet trileptons are rather useful signals for it. Regions of the parameter space, where the signal is likely to be appreciable, are identified through a detailed scan. The advantage of hadronically quiet trileptons over other types of signals is demonstrated. E-mail: subha@mri.ernet. in E-mail: asesh@mri.ernet. in E-mail: biswarup@mri.ernet. in
A magic Veldkamp line for three qubits. Representations and geometry

We investigate the structure of the three-qubit magic Veldkamp line (MVL). This mathematical notion has recently shown up as a tool for understanding the structures of the set of Mermin pentagrams, objects that are used to rule out certain classes of hidden variable theories. Here we show that this object also provides a unifying finite geometric underpinning for understanding the structure of functionals used in form theories of gravity and black hole entropy. We clarify the representation theoretic, finite geometric and physical meaning of the different parts of our MVL. The upshot of our considerations is that the basic finite geometric objects enabling such a diversity of physical applications of the MVL are the unique generalized quadrangles with lines of size three, their one point extensions as well as their other extensions isomorphic to affine polar spaces of rank three and order two. In a previous work we have already connected generalized quadrangles to the structure of cubic Jordan algebras related to entropy fomulas of black holes and strings in five dimensions. In some respect the present paper can be regarded as a generalization of that analysis for also providing a finite geometric understanding of four -dimensional black hole entropy formulas. However, we find many more structures whose physical meaning is yet to be explored. As a familiar special case our work provides a finite geometric representation of the algebraic extension from cubic Jordan algebras to Freudenthal systems based on such algebras. PACS: 02.40. Dr, 03.65. Ud, 03.65. Ta
IT ] 11 D ec 2 01 4 Negacyclic codes over Z 4 + u Z 4

In this paper, we study negacyclic codes of odd length and of l ength 2k over the ringR= Z4 + uZ4, u2 = 0. We give the complete structure of negacyclic codes for bot h the cases. We have obtained a minimal spanning set for negacyclic codes of odd lengths ove r R. A necessary and sufficient condition for negacyclic codes of odd lengths to be free is presented. W e have determined the cardinality of negacyclic codes in each case. We have obtained the structur e of the duals of negacyclic codes of length 2k overR and also characterized self-dual negacyclic codes of lengt h 2k overR.
Rε and Duality

We compute the partition functions of N = 1 gauge theories on S×Rε using supersymmetric localization. The path integral reduces to a sum over vortices at the poles of S2 and at the origin of Rε. The exact partition functions allow us to test Seiberg duality beyond the supersymmetric index. We propose the N = 1 partition functions on the Ωbackground, and show that the Nekrasov partition functions can be recovered from these building blocks. ar X iv :1 81 2. 11 18 8v 2 [ he pth ] 2 7 O ct 2 02 0
Stein's Lemma for the Reparameterization Trick with Exponential Family Mixtures

Stein's method (Stein, 1973; 1981) is a powerful tool for statistical applications, and has had a significant impact in machine learning. Stein's lemma plays an essential role in Stein's method. Previous applications of Stein's lemma either required strong technical assumptions or were limited to Gaussian distributions with restricted covariance structures. In this work, we extend Stein's lemma to exponential-family mixture distributions including Gaussian distributions with full covariance structures. Our generalization enables us to establish a connection between Stein's lemma and the reparamterization trick to derive gradients of expectations of a large class of functions under weak assumptions. Using this connection, we can derive many new reparameterizable gradient-identities that goes beyond the reach of existing works. For example, we give gradient identities when expectation is taken with respect to Student's t-distribution, skew Gaussian, exponentially modified Gaussian, and normal inverse Gaussian.
A pr 2 01 1 Randomized ∆-Edge-Coloring via Quaternion of Complex Colors ( Extended Abstract )

This paper explores the application of a new algebraic method of color exchanges to the edge coloring of simple graphs. Vizing’s theorem states that the edge coloring of a simple graph G requires either ∆ or ∆ + 1 colors, where ∆ is the maximum vertex degree of G. Holyer proved that it is NP-complete to decide whether G is ∆-edge-colorable even for cubic graphs. By introducing the concept of complex colors, we show that the color-exchange operation follows the same multiplication rules as quaternion. An initially ∆-edge-colored graph G allows variable-colored edges, which can be eliminated by color exchanges in a manner similar to variable eliminations in solving systems of linear equations. The problem is solved if all variables are eliminated and a properly ∆-edge-colored graph is reached. For a randomly generated graph G, we prove that our algorithm returns a proper ∆-edge-coloring with a probability of at least 1/2 in O(∆|V ||E|) time if G is ∆-edge-colorable. Otherwise, the algorithm halts in polynomial time and signals the impossibility of a solution, meaning that the chromatic index of G probably equals ∆ + 1. Animations of the edge-coloring algorithms proposed in this paper are posted at YouTube http://www.youtube. com/watch? v=KMnj4UMYl7k.
A rank estimation criterion using an NMF algorithm under an inner dimension condition

We introduce a rank selection criterion for non-negative factorization algorithms, for the cases where the rank of the matrix coincides with the inner dimension of the matrix. The criteria is motivated by noting that provided that a unique factorization exists, the factorization is a solution to a fixed point iteration formula that can be obtained by rewriting nonnegative factorization together with singular value decomposition. We characterize the asymptotic error rate for our fixed point formula when the non-negative matrix is observed with noise generated according to the so-called random dot product model for graphs.
Certified Adversarial Robustness for Deep Reinforcement Learning

Deep Neural Network-based systems are now the state-of-the-art in many robotics tasks, but their application in safety-critical domains remains dangerous without formal guarantees on network robustness. Small perturbations to sensor inputs (from noise or adversarial examples) are often enough to change network-based decisions, which was already shown to cause an autonomous vehicle to swerve into oncoming traffic. In light of these dangers, numerous algorithms have been developed as defensive mechanisms from these adversarial inputs, some of which provide formal robustness guarantees or certificates. This work leverages research on certified adversarial robustness to develop an online certified defense for deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The proposed defense computes guaranteed lower bounds on state-action values during execution to identify and choose the optimal action under a worst-case deviation in input space due to possible adversaries or noise. The approach is demonstrated on a Deep Q-Network policy and is shown to increase robustness to noise and adversaries in pedestrian collision avoidance scenarios and a classic control task.
The volumetric model was experimentally studied by simulating blood flow into flexible and rigid tubes of millimetric diameters

Abstract: Video plethysmographic (vPPG) signals arise from subtle color modulations in reflected light. vPPG signals can be used to monitor vital signs remotely in a noninvasive manner. We have used optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging to find whether vPPG signals result from skin optical properties being modulated by arterial transmural pressure propagation. Our results confirm this hypothesis and show that the attenuation coefficient of even the most external, non-vascularized skin, changes at the same frequency as the arterial pulsation.
Reliability-Constrained Power System Expansion Planning: A Stochastic Risk-Averse Optimization Approach

This work presents a methodology to incorporate reliability constraints in the optimal power systems expansion planning problem. Besides Loss Of Load Probability (LOLP) and Expected Power Not Supplied (EPNS), traditionally used in power systems, this work proposes the use of the risk measures VaR (Value-at-Risk) and CVaR (Conditional Value-at-Risk), widely used in financial markets. The explicit consideration of reliability constraints in the planning problem can be an extremely hard task and, to minimize computational effort, this work applies the Benders decomposition technique splitting the expansion planning problem into an investment problem and two subproblems to evaluate the system's operation cost and the reliability index. The operation subproblem is solved by Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP) and the reliability subproblem by Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed methodology is applied to the real problem of optimal expansion planning of the Bolivian power system.