Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vanadate, an inhibitor of stromelysin and collagenase expression, suppresses collagen induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is a model of chronic inflammatory synovitis with pannus, neovascularization, and joint destruction similar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and joint destruction in RA. c-fos and c-jun are protooncogenes whose products combine to form activating protein (AP-1), a regulatory protein that is required for cell proliferation and the transcription of a variety of genes, including MMP such as collagenase and stromelysin. Administration of vanadium compounds suppresses c-fos/c-jun expression and AP-1 activity, resulting in inhibition of MMP expression in response to factors such as interleukin 1 (IL-1). We evaluated whether a vanadium AP-1 inhibitor could reduce MMP expression and subsequent joint damage in CIA. METHODS Vanadate [bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (IV) (BMOV; 10 mg/kg/day)] and the reducing agent N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; 100 mg/kg/day) were given subcutaneously daily in an attempt to suppress established CIA in rats. NAC in combination with vanadate appeared to increase the efficacy of c-fos/c-jun inhibition, while decreasing toxicity. Controls were given NAC alone. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic measures were evaluated as well as synovial MMP and IL-1a expression. RESULTS BMOV therapy, initiated on the day of onset of clinical arthritis, significantly reduced clinical arthritis within 2 days (p <0.05) compared to controls. Significance was maintained to the termination of the study on Day 18 post-arthritis onset (p < 0.005), with a maximum difference seen on Day 5 (p < 0.00001). Blinded radiographic scores at the completion of the protocols indicated less joint destruction in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.005). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of articular cartilage with therapy. In BMOV-treated rats, synovial mRNA expression of collagenase, stromelysin, and IL-la were reduced by 78%, 58%, and 85%, respectively, compared to controls. CONCLUSION This is the first study of vanadate as a potential antirheumatic agent. Further study of this AP-1 and MMP inhibitor may lead to new treatment options in RA.
Manipulation of stop-band gaps of periodically perforated conducting plates

Transmission coefficients of periodically perforated conducting plates exhibit single/compound resonances with amplitudes and bandwidths that strongly depend on the unit cell hole distribution. A qualitative model that permits manipulating these plates' dispersion relations and transmission coefficient for near-normal incidence through proper selection of the unit cell hole distribution's first two Fourier components is presented. The proposed structure and model can be used to design periodic grating filters and leaky wave antennas.
A Contribution to the Study of Aging of XLPE Insulated Cables

The electrical, thermal, and multiple-stress (thermal and electrical) aging of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable models has been investigated in order to get information on aging effects and mechanisms. After endurance tests, XLPE cable models have been subjected to chemical, physical, electrical, and microstructural characterization. Thermal aging results reveal that bulk degradation occurs in the cables at temperatures higher than the melting point. Multiple-stress aging data emphasize a synergistic effect of electric field and temperature. Significant microstructural changes detected in the cables aged under multiple stress are evidence of this effect and can partly explain the time behavior of the electric strength. >
Scientific Information Needs for Regulatory Decision Making

Regulatory decision making in the field of air pollution is sometimes confused with standard setting. Standards have played a central and useful role in regulating air pollutants but are by no means the only useful approach in regulating air pollutants. The United Kingdom Clean Air Act of 1956, for example, did not recommend standards and yet produced a remarkable improvement in UK air quality (Lippmann & Maynard, 1999). The idea of a standard for an air pollutant is rooted in toxicological thinking that suggests that it is possible to define an ambient level of pollution that, for the great majority of the population, will not be associated with adverse effects. Difficulties in defining “great majority” and “adverse effects” have been persistent. During the 1990s, there has been a sea change in thinking about the effects of air pollutants on health. This change has been brought about by two types of epidemiological studies, the time-series study and the cross-sectional cohort study exemplified by the Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society Study (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001; Dockery et al., 1993; Pope et al., 1995; Krewski et al., 2000). It is unlikely that any groups of studies have been discussed in more detail than these, and I do not propose to pursue this discussion except to say what they mean to the regulator.
Preliminary Guidelines and Predictions for 14-MeV Neutron SEE Testing

This paper aims at better defining the scope of applicability of a 14-MeV neutron source for single-event effect characterization. Based on an analysis of the neutron nuclear recoils and experiments on multiple devices (SRAM, SDRAM, FPGA) and feature sizes, the data are compared with results gathered with white neutron beams. As expected, the results are close for single-event upset in most technologies but, for most devices, the higher energy atmospheric spectra produce more multiple-cell upset and single-event latch-up. Finally, a simplified model is proposed to extrapolate 14-MeV neutron data to terrestrial environments.
Intraosseous Hibernoma: A Rare and Unique Intraosseous Lesion

Background Hibernoma is a rare benign tumor of adults that is composed of multivacuolated adipocytes resembling brown fat cells. Hibernoma typically occurs in soft tissue, and intraosseous examples are very rare. Intraosseous hibernomas can radiologically mimic metastatic carcinoma and other tumorous conditions. Methods To collect the intraosseous hibernomas, we searched the pathologic database and reviewed the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained slides of bone biopsy samples performed to differentiate radiologically abnormal bone lesions from 2006 to 2016. A total of six intraosseous hibernoma cases were collected, and clinical and radiological information was verified from electronic medical records. H&E slide review and immunohistochemical staining for CD68, pan-cytokeratin, and S-100 protein were performed. Results Magnetic resonance imaging of intraosseous hibernomas showed low signal intensity with slightly hyperintense foci on T1 and intermediate to high signal intensity on T2 weighted images. Intraosseous hibernomas appeared as heterogeneous sclerotic lesions with trabecular thickening on computed tomography scans and revealed mild hypermetabolism on positron emission tomography scans. Histopathologically, the bone marrow space was replaced by sheets of multivacuolated, foamy adipocytes resembling brown fat cells, without destruction of bone trabeculae. In immunohistochemical analysis, the tumor cells were negative for CD68 and pan-cytokeratin and positive for S-100 protein. Conclusions Intraosseous hibernoma is very rare. This tumor can be overlooked due to its rarity and resemblance to bone marrow fat. Pathologists need to be aware of this entity to avoid misdiagnosis of this rare lesion.
Confusion de Type en C++: État de l'Art et Difficultés de Détection

Le langage C++ s'est impose comme une reference dans les domaines ou la modularite du developpement ne doit pas empieter sur les performances du logiciel final. Les principaux navigateurs, les interpreteurs et meme certaines parties du systeme d'exploitation de Microsoft utilisent le langage C++. L'etude des bases de donnees de vulnerabilites montre que ces logiciels sont sujets a une categorie de vulnerabilites particulieres, les confusions de type, qui sont tout aussi exploitables que les vulnerabilites plus connues. Cet article presente les mecanismes a l'origine des confusions de type et dresse un etat de l'art des methodes servant a les detecter dans du code source ou du binaire seul. Il met aussi en avant les principales difficultes que rencontrent les analyses de binaire, et propose les grandes lignes d'une nouvelle approche pour detecter des confusions de type dans du binaire.
Effect of Education on the Rate of and the Understanding of Risk Factors for Intravascular Catheter–Related Infections

Objective. Intravascular catheters are indispensable tools in modern medical therapy. In spite of their great benefits, however, the widespread use of catheters leads to several complications, including infections that cause significant morbidity, mortality, and economic losses for hospitalized patients. Design. This study was conducted at Farabi Hospital, a 495-bed facility at Karadeniz Technical University Medical School in Trabzon, Turkey, and involved 3 separate periods: preeducation, education, and posteducation. Patients with intravascular catheters were monitored daily, as were the results of their physical examinations. The information acquired was recorded in a questionnaire. Results. During the preeducation period (October 2003 through March 2004), 405 intravascular catheters inserted into 241 patients were observed for 5,445 catheter-days. Seventy-one cases of intravascular catheter-related infection (CRI) were identified, giving a CRI rate of 13.04 infections per 1,000 catheter-days. The catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) rate was 8.3 infections per 1,000 catheter-days, and the exit-site infection (ESI) rate was 3.5 infections per 1,000 catheter-days. During the posteducation period (June through November 2004), 365 intravascular catheters inserted into 193 patients were observed for 5,940 catheter-days. Forty-five cases of CRI were identified, giving a rate of 7.6 infections per 1,000 catheter-days. The CRBSI rate was 4.7 infections per 1,000 catheter-days, and the ESI rate was 2.2 infections per 1,000 catheter-days. When findings from the 2 periods were compared, it was determined that education reduced CRI incidence by 41.7%. Conclusion. CRI can be prevented when hospital personnel are well informed about these infections. We compared the knowledge levels of the relevant personnel in our hospital before and after theoretical and practical training and identified a significant increase in knowledge after training (P < .0001 ). Parallel to this, although still below ideal levels, we identified a significant improvement in the incidence of CRI during the posteducation period (P = .004). The rate was low for the first 3 months of this period but increased 2.08 times after the third month. In conclusion, regular training for the residents in charge of inserting intravascular catheters and the nurses and interns who maintain the catheters is highly effective in reducing the rate of CRI in large teaching hospitals.
Problems with the medicalization of marijuana.

“Medical” marijuana is approved in 21 states and the District of Columbia for numerous conditions, including glaucoma, Crohn disease, posttraumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, Alzheimer disease, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Both the number of states and the number of approved indications for medical marijuana are expected to increase. Physicians will bear the responsibility of prescribing marijuana and thus have an obligation to understand the issues involved in its “medicalization. ”
Community Violence Victimization and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This study tested the relationship of community violence (CV) victimization to severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the roles of coping style and perceived social support in moderating that relationship. Three-hundred seventy-two men and women (age 18 to 22 years) self-reported on CV exposure, traumatic experiences, PTSD symptoms, perceived support from family and friends, and coping strategies. Results indicated that high CV victimization, high disengagement coping (i.e., avoidant styles), and low perceived social support from family and friends significantly predicted increased PTSD scores. Significant moderating effects indicated that the relationship between victimization and heightened PTSD severity was stronger at high levels of perceived friend support and disengagement. Thus, the protective function of friend support seemed to break down at increasing levels of victimization, whereas, as expected, avoidant styles of coping increased the risk for negative outcome. Findings are discussed in terms of event controllability, negative social reactions, and coping resources.
Variation in dentists' clinical decisions.

OBJECTIVES The first comprehensive review of the recent literature regarding variation in dentists' clinical treatment decisions is presented. METHODS Variation among dentists in the clinical decisions they make as well as the methods used for assessing this variation are examined at three levels of aggregation of clinical decisions: the dental practice (or dentist), the patient, and the individual tooth. RESULTS The extent to which differences in dentists' clinical decisions have been examined is limited. Studies are particularly sparse at the level of the dental practice, where the aggregate of dentists' treatment decisions is reflected. Further, the methods and measures used to assess variation tend to be different across studies, making quantification of variation difficult. Nevertheless, the available information reflects substantial variation in measures such as rates of provision of specific procedures; cost and numbers of procedures recommended for specific patients; and diagnoses, intervention decisions, and treatment selections for individual teeth. CONCLUSIONS Even when differences in patients are controlled, variation in dentists' clinical decisions is ubiquitous. While its consequences remain undetermined, the variation in basic clinical decisions such as caries diagnosis signals the need to consider the extent to which the appropriateness of care is affected.
Inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis by inducible expression of the transcriptional repressor Mad1.

Mad1 is a Myc antagonist that heterodimerizes with Max and functions as a transcriptional repressor. We have studied the effects of Mad1 on cell growth, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis using Mad1-inducible cell lines. Expression of Mad1 inhibited cell proliferation, S-phase entry, and colony formation, changes that were accompanied by a reduction in CDK2 activity. The inhibition of Mad1 on cell proliferation was potentiated by serum starvation and was paralleled by accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 and the G2 phases of the cell cycle. Mad1 also reduced apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal and by the cytostatic drug cisplatinum. The effects on both cell growth and apoptosis were dependent on the mSin3 interaction domain of Mad1, which is necessary for recruitment of histone deacetylases and corepressors, suggesting that transcriptional repression is mediating these functions. Taken together with the expression pattern of Mad1, these results suggest that Mad1 plays an important role during initiation of differentiation by inhibiting cell proliferation and blocking apoptosis.
The effects of acute sleep deprivation on selective attention.

It has been shown that performance in vigilance tasks deteriorates greatly after loss of sleep. It is hypothesized that deterioration in these and other tasks is largely due to a breakdown in the ability to attend selectively to relevant information in the task. An experiment is described in which subjects' performance in a task involving ignoring irrelevant information was shown to deteriorate more after sleep loss than performance on the same task without irrelevant information present. It is suggested that sleep plays an important part in maintaining selective attention and the symptoms shown by sleep-deprived subjects are largely due to a failure in selective attention.
Carbohydrate balance in competitive runners during successive days of intense training.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of intense training on muscle glycogen stores under conditions of controlled carbohydrate (CHO) intake. On two separate occasions, 10 highly trained distance runners increased their training load for 5 days (20 km/day, approximately 80% maximal O2 consumption) while eating a diet whose carbohydrate composition either equaled (EQ-CHO) or contained approximately 50% of the runner's estimated daily expenditure (LO-CHO). Total muscle glycogen levels were lower after the LO-CHO regimen. Photometric analysis of the glycogen content in individual fibers revealed that 27% type I and 17% type II fibers had optical densities less than 0.2 U after the LO-CHO regimen, whereas 7% type I and 0% type II were similarly depleted after the EQ-CHO diet. A linear relationship was observed between the histochemical and direct chemical analysis of muscle glycogen content. Treadmill O2 uptake measured at 185 and 238 m/min was higher during the LO-CHO than the EQ-CHO regimen. Ratings of perceived exertion were higher during the 238-m/min run for the LO-CHO regimen. After 3 days of rest, running economy and perception of effort returned to pretraining levels and muscle glycogen stores were approximately 85% of the pretraining values. Thus when CHO intake was only approximately 50% of the energy requirements there was a marked depletion of muscle glycogen stores, particularly in type I fibers, and a concomitant decrease in running economy and increased perception of fatigue. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of the absorption spectrum in quantum dots for efficient solar cells

Today, possibility of photovoltaic efficiency increase with use of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in solid inorganic solar cells is a dynamic research field due to nanotechnology development and use of III-V and III-V nitride semiconductors (GaN or InGaN). Self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) growth in Stranski-Krastanov (SK) mode are very interesting nano-structures in order to achieve this goal. In this paper results derived by a FEM simulation analysis of absorption coefficient done on small zincblende InAs/GaAs and wurtzite InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN (In content x > y) SAQDs are shown and related to possible use in solar cells.
The Enhancement of Preproendothelin-1 Synthesis and the Acceleration of Endothelin-1 Processing in the Acute Hypoxic Rat Aorta

Wistar rats were deeply anesthetized and perfused by Hanks' solution bubbled with either 95% air and 5% CO2 (normoxic group) or 95% N2 and 5% CO2 (hypoxic group) from the thoracic aorta for 30 minutes. The isolated abdominal aortas were used for electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), and in situ hybridization of preproendothelin-1 mRNA. A remarkable increase in the number of Weibel-Palade bodies, storage sites of ET-1 and ECE-1, occurred in the hypoxic group when compared with the normoxic group. Immunoreactivities for ET-1 and ECE-1, and signals for preproendothelin-1 mRNA were seen along the endothelia of both groups, but the intensities were significantly elevated in the hypoxic group. The increase in the number of ECE-1 immunoreactive gold particles was noticed in Weibel-Palade bodies in the hypoxic group. These findings indicate the enhancement of preproendothelin-1 synthesis in the rat aortic endothelial cells and the acceleration of ET-1 processing in Weibel-Palade bodies of such cells in an acute hypoxic condition.
Genetic aspects of sports practice: a twin study

Este estudo e percorrido por dois propositos fundamentais: a) apresentar, ainda que de modo breve, aspectos da metodologia de genetica quantitativa aplicados ao estudo de fenotipos de interesse dos cientistas das Ciencias do Desporto; e b) aplicar tais tecnicas e procedimentos em gemeos monozigoticos (MZ) e dizigoticos (DZ) para determinar a presenca de efeitos geneticos nos seus indices de pratica desportiva. A amostra e constituida por 104 pares de gemeos, 40 MZ e 64 DZ, cuja media de idades e 17,30 ± 5,82 e 17,86 ± 8,12, respectivamente. O indice de pratica desportiva foi obtido a partir do questionario de Baecke et alii (1982). Os procedimentos estatisticos compreendem tabelas de contingencia, correlacoes tetracoricas, taxas de concordância “probandwise” bem como ajustamento de modelos univariados gemelares. Os programas estatisticos utilizados foram o SPSS 9.0 e o Mx. Os principais resultados e conclusoes foram os seguintes: a) e evidente a presenca de forte agregacao familiar nos valores de pratica desportiva; b) estes valores sao mais fortes nos gemeos MZ do que nos gemeos DZ, e mais elevados nos meninos do que nas meninas; c) nos meninos o valor da dependencia genetica e de 82%, sendo muito reduzida a influencia do envolvimento comum e unico de cada par; d) nas meninas os resultados sao diametralmente opostos, ja que a influencia genetica e zero, e a do seu envolvimento comumente partilhado no seio da familia e de 71%. Estas diferencas de efeitos geneticos e do envolvimento nos dois sexos sugerem interpretacoes de natureza biologica e socio-cultural
Continuous-Wave Terahertz Spectroscopy as a Non-Contact Non- Destructive Method for Characterising Semiconductors

Using the technique of terahertz photomixing, a continuous-wave terahertz source is used to characterise various semiconductors in the frequency range from 0.06 to 1.0 THz. By directly analysing the interference pattern of the transmission through semiconductor wafers using Fabry-Perot theory, information regarding the carrier concentration, sample thickness and refractive index is obtained without physically altering the sample. The continuous-wave technique enables measurements to be made at much lower frequencies than achievable with traditional pulsed-wave terahertz techniques.
Cooperative assembly of simian virus 40 T-antigen hexamers on functional halves of the replication origin

The cofactor ATP stimulates the formation of T-antigen double hexamers on the simian virus 40 core origin of replication (I. A. Mastrangelo, P. V. C. Hough, J. S. Wall, M. Dodson, F. B. Dean, and J. Horwitz, Nature [London] 338:658-662, 1989). We report here the pathway for the assembly of hexamers and double hexamers on the core origin. ATP triggers the cooperative assembly of hexamers on the early and late halves of the origin even when they are completely isolated. Hexamer assembly nucleates at T-antigen recognition pentanucleotides in the early half of the origin. In intact origins, assembly of the first hexamer on the early half of the origin cooperatively stimulates the assembly of a second hexamer on the adjacent late half of the origin. Thus, monomer-monomer and hexamer-hexamer interactions of T antigen, allosterically activated by ATP, constitute two distinct types of cooperative interaction with the origin. Finally, we show that the assembly of T-antigen hexamers on isolated half origins leads to the same array of structural changes that T antigen induces in intact origins. We conclude that the origin is divided into complementary halves that each promote the assembly of functional T-antigen hexamers.
A 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS receiver and transmitter chipset for SONET OC-768 transmission systems

A BiCMOS CDR/1:4-DEMUX and CMU/4:1-MUX chipset targeting 40-43 Gb/s optical communications is implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe. At 43 Gb/s and up to 100/spl deg/C chip temperature, both ICs operate at BER <10/sup -15/ and <210 fs RMS clock jitter. The receiver and transmitter chips dissipate 2.8 W and 2.3 W, respectively, from a -3.6 V supply.