Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zinc sorption by some Alabama soils

Abstract Zinc (Zn) sorption by six Alabama soils, virgin and cultivated was studied. Sorption data was collected at 10° and 30°C and plotted according to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET equations. The differential isosteric heats of sorption, AH, were used to aid in the interpretation of the data. The high pH soils sorbed more Zn compared to acid soils. Zinc sorption increased with an increase in temperature indicating that the sorption process was an endothermic reaction. All of the soils gave curvilinear lines when plotted according to the Freundlich equation. The same was true for the Langmuir equation except for the two high pH soils which gave one straight line. Deviation from the ideal Langmuir model was interpreted to be due to the variation in heat of sorption, AH, due to surface heterogeneity. However, the BET equation gave the best fit for the data, yielding one straight line for all soils. The Langmuir sorption maximum, b, was correlated with some selected soil properties. The results indicat.
PERGESERAN KEKUASAAN NEGARA DAN RELASI ANTARSUBJEK DALAM CERPEN ORDE BARU DAN REFORMASI

The focus in this paper is how the state power’s perspective and inter subject relation in Danarto’s “Godlob” and Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s “Clara”. The first short story is the representation of Orde Baru while the second is the representation of reformation era. This paper uses two theories, Gramsci’s idea about Hegemony and the Foucault’s notion about power. The result of this research shows that there are changes in state hegemonic instrument, military discourse, state institute discourse, and inter subject relation from the Orde Baru to the reformation era. Keywords: short story, Orde Baru, Reformation, Gramsci, Foucault.
Structural relations in copper oxysalt minerals. I. Structural hierarchy

A hierarchical structural classification is developed for the copper oxysalt minerals, based on the polymerization of coordination polyhedra of higher bond valences, and focusing specifically on [3]-, [4]-, [5]- and [6]-coordinate polyhedra. The nature of copper oxysalt structures is complicated by the extremely distorted coordinations often occurring around the Cu 2+ cation, a result of the well-known Jahn-Teller effect. Although this is widely recognized at the qualitative level, it has led to a very inconsistent assignment of coordination numbers to Cu 2+ in mineral
Photovoltaic Applications of Silicon Nanocrystal Based Nanostructures Induced by Nanosecond Laser Fragmentation in Liquid Media

Silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) with quantum confinement properties represent an attractive photovoltaic material. The ability to collect the photogenerated current through efficient electronic transport and exciton dissociation is a current challenge for the deployment of Si-nc based solar cells. We report here on prospective and cost-effective approaches to engineer the surface of electrochemically etched Si-ncs by laser fragmentation in ethanol and water. The properties of the engineered Si-ncs have been analyzed in detail by photoluminescence and absorption measurements together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To demonstrate the advantageous attributes of Si-nc surface engineering in liquid media, a few photovoltaic devices based on different architectures have been fabricated. First, anatase TiO2 nanotubes have been used as a host template for laser-fragmented Si-ncs to form inorganic-sensitized solar cell architectures. Second, we have produced bulk-heterojunction solar cells with a Si-n.
Randomized Approximation Algorithms: Facility Location, Phylogenetic Networks, Nash Equilibria

Despite a great effort, researchers are unable to find efficient algorithms for a number of natural computational problems. Typically, it is possible to emphasize the hardness of such problems by proving that they are at least as hard as a number of other problems. In the language of computational complexity it means proving that the problem is complete for a certain class of problems. For optimization problems, we may consider to relax the requirement of the outcome to be optimal and accept an approximate (i.e., close to optimal) solution. For many of the problems that are hard to solve optimally, it is actually possible to efficiently find close to optimal solutions. In this thesis, we study algorithms for computing such approximate solutions.
Detailed Characterization of Contact Resistance, Gate‐Bias‐Dependent Field‐Effect Mobility, and Short‐Channel Effects with Microscale Elastomeric Single‐Crystal Field‐Effect Transistors

The organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) has proven itself invaluable as both the fundamental element in organic circuits and the primary tool for the characterization of novel organic electronic materials. Crucial to the success of the OFET in each of these venues is a working understanding of the device physics that manifest themselves in the form of electrical characteristics. As commercial applications shift to smaller device dimensions and structure/property relationships become more refined, the understanding of these phenomena become increasingly critical. Here, we employ high‐performance, elastomeric, photolithographically patterned single‐crystal field‐effect transistors as tools for the characterization of short‐channel effects and bias‐dependent parasitic contact resistance and field‐effect mobility. Redundant characterization of devices at multiple channel lengths under a single crystal allow the morphology‐free analysis of these effects, which is carried out in the context of a device model previously reported. The data show remarkable consistency with our model, yielding fresh insight into each of these phenomena, as well as confirming the utility of our FET design.
Perspectives of working-age adults with aphasia regarding social participation

Background Working-age adults with aphasia experience difficulties in social participation, specifically fulfilling social roles and reintegrating into communities. Literature regarding social participation of people with aphasia (PWA) is predominantly based on studies conducted in high-income countries (HIC), limiting generalisability of findings. Perspectives of social participation are influenced by person, place and cultural background warranting investigation in heterogeneous low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), like South Africa. Objectives Describe perspectives of working-age adults with aphasia regarding social participation within the first 2 years post-incident. Method Semi-structured interviews gained perspectives of 10 working-age adults (with mild to moderate aphasia) using principles of supported conversation for adults with aphasia. Data were thematically analysed to describe participants’ perspectives of social participation. Results Seven themes were identified pertaining to participants’ perspectives of social participation. Participants considered rehabilitation services, faith-related activities and returning to work as valued areas of social participation. Previous interests, presence of support and characteristics of communication partners determined their preference and willingness to participate with others. Finally, personal attitudes and feelings continued to influence their perspectives of social participation, as well as their motivation to participate. Conclusion Successful social participation was dependent on the PWA’s perceived value of social activities and presence of support from significant others. Speech-language therapists are in the ideal position to facilitate PWA’s communication abilities and their experience of successful participation through the implementation of person-centered care and community-led intervention. This study provided a preliminary investigation of social participation in South Africa and further investigation is warranted.
Roles of endovascular aneurysm repair in management of secondary aorto-enteric fistulas

Abstract Secondary aorto-enteric fistulas (AEFs) are an uncommon but serious complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Case review of two cases of secondary AEF are as follows: the first case involved a 75-year- old male who presented with AEF 1 year post-emergency open AAA repair, successfully managed with endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) without complication. The second case involved a 75-year-old male patient 14 months post open AAA repair for an inflammatory aneurysm who presented with an iliac-enteric fistula. The previous repair was relined with a bifurcated EVAR with subsequent laparotomy and resection of the affected portion of the small bowel. Both patients on lifelong antibiotics without further episodes of sepsis, recurrence of AEF or mortality at 12 months follow up. EVAR can be successful in the management of secondary AEF. Careful patient selection, accurate image interpretation, and expedient management are key factors to successful short- and long-term outcomes.
Diversity patterns of free-living nematode assemblages in seagrass beds from the Cuban archipelago (Caribbean Sea)

Abstract Diversity patterns of free-living marine nematodes in tropical seagrass beds are understudied. Here, we describe the species richness and assemblage composition of nematodes in 13 seagrass sites covering the whole Cuban archipelago. Nematodes were collected from Thalassia testudinum seagrass beds and identified to species level. We provide a checklist of nematode species from seagrass beds. The species richness of nematode assemblages is high, with 215 species, 138 genus, 35 families, seven orders and two classes. That γ-diversity is higher than other studies and points to seagrass beds as diversity hotspots of free-living marine nematodes. Local species richness in seagrass bed sites is about 57 ± 17 species and broadly similar across the sites, despite the environmental heterogeneity. The geographical distance plays a weak, but significant, role on the decay of similarity likely affected by limited dispersal of nematodes. The pairwise similarity values, related to poor-coloniser nematodes, were twice more affected by the distance than those related to good-colonisers, possibly due to differential success of transport and settlement.
Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for potential transgenerational disease epigenetic biomarkers in sperm following ancestral exposure to the pesticide methoxychlor

Abstract Environmental exposures such as chemical toxicants can alter gene expression and disease susceptibility through epigenetic processes. Epigenetic changes can be passed to future generations through germ cells through epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of increased disease susceptibility. The current study used an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to investigate whether specific transgenerational epigenetic signatures of differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) exist that are associated with particular disease states in the F3 generation great-grand offspring of F0 generation rats exposed during gestation to the agricultural pesticide methoxychlor. The transgenerational epigenetic profiles of sperm from F3 generation methoxychlor lineage rats that have only one disease state were compared to those that have no disease. Observations identify disease specific patterns of DMRs for these transgenerational rats that can potentially serve as epigenetic biomarkers for prostate disease, kidney disease, obesity, and the presence of multiple diseases. The chromosomal locations, genomic features, and gene associations of the DMRs are characterized. Disease specific DMR sets contained DMR-associated genes that have previously been shown to be associated with that specific disease. Future epigenetic biomarkers could potentially be developed and validated for humans as a disease susceptibility diagnostic tool to facilitate preventative medicine and management of disease.
Band bowing and band alignment in InGaN alloys

We use density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 hybrid exchange-correlation functional to investigate InGaN alloys and accurately determine band gaps and band alignments. We find a strong band-gap bowing at low In content. Band positions on an absolute energy scale are determined from surface calculations. The resulting GaN/InN valence-band offset is 0.62 eV. The dependence of InGaN valence-band alignment on In content is found to be almost linear. Based on the values of band gaps and band alignments, we conclude that InGaN fulfills the requirements for a photoelectrochemical electrode for In contents up to 50%.
Temperature-conductivity characteristics of the composites consisting of fractionated poly(3-hexylthiophene) and conducting particles

Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) synthesized by oxidative polymerization was fractionated by molecular weight by using organic solvents. The fraction of higher average molecular weight gave higher regioregularity and conductivity. Composites of the P3HT fraction having the highest molecular weight were prepared by use of the following conducting particles as fillers: titanium carbide (TiC), indium tin oxide (ITO), and carbon black (CB). Temperature-conductivity profiles of the composites showed that the resistance change with PTC (positive temperature coefficient) effect was strongly influenced by the content and size of conducting particles and the molecular weight of P3HT. Although no significant PTC effect for P3HT-CB composite and little effect for P3HT-ITO composite system were observed, the P3HT-TiC composite containing TiC of 70-80 wt % showed an obvious PTC effect that brought the conductivity change by about four orders of magnitude near the glass transition temperature of P3HT. However, such a remarkable PTC effect was not observed for the P3HT-TiC composite prepared with the P3HT fraction of low-molecular weight. It was shown that a good PTC effect could be achieved by the composite consisting of the P3HT of high-molecular weight and the conducting particles of relatively large size.
Effect of monohydroxy alcohols and urea on the CMC of surfactants.

The effect of monohydroxy alcohols on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of anionic and cationic surfactants have been studied by a conductometric method. The CMC was found to decrease by adding small quantities of alcohol and raised again at higher alcohol concentrations. The CMC decreasing effect has been discussed on the basis of more ordered water cavity formed around the added alcohol molecules and their increasing effect by the partition of alcohol between the micellar and the bulk phase leading to the break-down of the micelles. The effect of urea on CMC in alcohol–water mixtures has been studied and its CMC increasing effect explained.
Can fluoridation affect lead(II) in potable water? hexafluorosilicate and fluoride equilibria in aqueous solution

Recent reports have attempted to show that fluoridating potable water is linked to increased levels of lead(II) in the blood. We examine these claims in light of the established science and critically evaluate their significance. The completeness of hexafluoro‐silicate hydrolysis is of paramount importance in ensuring that total water quality is maintained. The possible impacts of such complexes as PbII—F—SiF5 or PbFx (2‐x) are discussed as are the contributions of fluoridation byproducts to total acid content. We calculate the fractional distribution of aqueous species based on known chemical equilibria and show the species concentrations for several different model tap waters. We discuss and quantitatively show the effects of other complexing anions, such as carbonate or hydroxide. Overall, we conclude that no credible evidence exists to show that water fluoridation has any quantitatable effects on the solubility, bioavailability, bio‐accumulation, or reactivity of lead(0) or lead(II) compounds. The governing factors are the concentrations of a number of other species, such as (bi)carbonate, hydroxide, or chloride, whose effects far exceed those of fluoride or fluorosilicates under drinking water conditions. Lastly, we consider some previous epidemiological studies of lead(II) exposure and how recent papers fare methodologically.
Improving BERT with Syntax-aware Local Attention

Pre-trained Transformer-based neural language models, such as BERT, have achieved remarkable results on varieties of NLP tasks. Recent works have shown that attention-based models can benefit from more focused attention over local regions. Most of them restrict the attention scope within a linear span, or confine to certain tasks such as machine translation and question answering. In this paper, we propose a syntax-aware local attention, where the attention scopes are restrained based on the distances in the syntactic structure. The proposed syntax-aware local attention can be integrated with pretrained language models, such as BERT, to render the model to focus on syntactically relevant words. We conduct experiments on various single-sentence benchmarks, including sentence classification and sequence labeling tasks. Experimental results show consistent gains over BERT on all benchmark datasets. The extensive studies verify that our model achieves better performance owing to more focused attention over syntactically relevant words.
MM-FSOD: Meta and metric integrated few-shot object detection

In the object detection task, CNN (Convolutional neural networks) models always need a large amount of annotated examples in the training process. To reduce the dependency of expensive annotations, few-shot object detection has become an increasing research focus. In this paper, we present an effective object detection framework (MM-FSOD) that integrates metric learning and meta-learning to tackle the few-shot object detection task. Our model is a class-agnostic detection model that can accurately recognize new categories, which are not appearing in training samples. Specifically, to fast learn the features of new categories without a fine-tuning process, we propose a meta-representation module (MR module) to learn intra-class mean prototypes. MR module is trained with a meta-learning method to obtain the ability to reconstruct high-level features. To further conduct similarity of features between support prototype with query RoIs features, we propose a Pearson metric module (PR module) which serves as a classifier. Compared to the previous commonly used metric method, cosine distance metric. PR module enables the model to align features into discriminative embedding space. We conduct extensive experiments on benchmark datasets FSOD, MS COCO, and PASCAL VOC to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our model. Comparing with the previous method, MM-FSOD achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) results.
The Sample Complexity of Robust Covariance Testing

We study the problem of testing the covariance matrix of a high-dimensional Gaussian in a robust setting, where the input distribution has been corrupted in Huber's contamination model. Specifically, we are given i.i. d. samples from a distribution of the form $Z = (1-\epsilon) X + \epsilon B$, where $X$ is a zero-mean and unknown covariance Gaussian $\mathcal{N}(0, \Sigma)$, $B$ is a fixed but unknown noise distribution, and $\epsilon>0$ is an arbitrarily small constant representing the proportion of contamination. We want to distinguish between the cases that $\Sigma$ is the identity matrix versus $\gamma$-far from the identity in Frobenius norm. In the absence of contamination, prior work gave a simple tester for this hypothesis testing task that uses $O(d)$ samples. Moreover, this sample upper bound was shown to be best possible, within constant factors. Our main result is that the sample complexity of covariance testing dramatically increases in the contaminated setting. In particular, we prove a sample complexity lower bound of $\Omega(d^2)$ for $\epsilon$ an arbitrarily small constant and $\gamma = 1/2$. This lower bound is best possible, as $O(d^2)$ samples suffice to even robustly {\em learn} the covariance. The conceptual implication of our result is that, for the natural setting we consider, robust hypothesis testing is at least as hard as robust estimation.
Directed Beam Search: Plug-and-Play Lexically Constrained Language Generation

Large pre-trained language models are capable of generating realistic text. However, controlling these models so that the generated text satisfies lexical constraints, i.e., contains specific words, is a challenging problem. Given that state-of-the-art language models are too large to be trained from scratch in a manageable time, it is desirable to control these models without re-training them. Methods capable of doing this are called plug-and-play. Recent plug-and-play methods have been successful in constraining small bidirectional language models as well as forward models in tasks with a restricted search space, e.g., machine translation. However, controlling large transformer-based models to meet lexical constraints without re-training them remains a challenge. In this work, we propose Directed Beam Search (DBS), a plug-and-play method for lexically constrained language generation. Our method can be applied to any language model, is easy to implement and can be used for general language generation. In our experiments we use DBS to control GPT-2. We demonstrate its performance on keyword-to-phrase generation and we obtain comparable results as a state-of-the-art non-plug-and-play model for lexically constrained story generation.
Correlating spectral and timing properties in the evolving jet of the microblazar MAXI J1836−194

During outbursts, the observational properties of black hole X-ray binaries vary on time-scales of days to months. These relatively short time-scales make these systems ideal laboratories to probe the coupling between accreting material and outflowing jets as the accretion rate varies. In particular, the origin of the hard X-ray emission is poorly understood and highly debated. This spectral component, which has a power-law shape, is due to Comptonization of photons near the black hole, but it is unclear whether it originates in the accretion flow itself, or at the base of the jet, or possibly the interface region between them. In this paper, we explore the disc–jet connection by modelling the multiwavelength emission of MAXI J1836−194 during its 2011 outburst. We combine radio through X-ray spectra, X-ray timing information, and a robust joint-fitting method to better isolate the jet’s physical properties. Our results demonstrate that the jet base can produce power-law hard X-ray emission in this system/outburst, provided that its base is fairly compact and that the temperatures of the emitting electrons are subrelativistic. Because of energetic considerations, our model favours mildly pair-loaded jets carrying at least 20 pairs per proton. Finally, we find that the properties of the X-ray power spectrum are correlated with the jet properties, suggesting that an underlying physical process regulates both.
Skein recursion for holomorphic curves and invariants of the unknot

We determine the skein-valued Gromov-Witten partition function for a single toric Lagrangian brane in $\mathbb{C}^3$ or the resolved conifold. We first show geometrically they must satisfy a certain skein-theoretic recursion, and then solve this equation. The recursion is a skein-valued quantization of the equation of the mirror curve. The solution is the expected hook-content formula.