Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pol-Specific CD8+ T Cells Recognize Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Cells Prior to Nef-Mediated Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation

ABSTRACT Effective, vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses should recognize infected cells early enough to prevent production of progeny virions. We have recently shown that Gag-specific CD8+ T cells recognize simian immunodeficiency virus-infected cells at 2 h postinfection, whereas Env-specific CD8+ T cells do not recognize infected cells until much later in infection. However, it remains unknown when other proteins present in the viral particle are presented to CD8+ T cells after infection. To address this issue, we explored CD8+ T-cell recognition of epitopes derived from two other relatively large virion proteins, Pol and Nef. Surprisingly, infected cells efficiently presented CD8+ T-cell epitopes from virion-derived Pol proteins within 2 h of infection. In contrast, Nef-specific CD8+ T cells did not recognize infected cells until 12 h postinfection. Additionally, we show that SIVmac239 Nef downregulated surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules beginning at 12 h postinfection, concomitant with presentation of Nef-derived CD8+ T-cell epitopes. Finally, Pol-specific CD8+ T cells eliminated infected cells as early as 6 h postinfection, well before MHC-I downregulation, suggesting a previously underappreciated antiviral role for Pol-specific CD8+ T cells.
Detection of early myocardial infarction in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

Whether the early infarct area in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue could be delineated by the immunohistochemical method using myoglobin-antibody was studied in 23 pig hearts without collateral circulation. Five hearts were examined at 20 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours after occlusion of the distal one third of the left anterior descending coronary artery, respectively. Three pigs were killed 24 hours after occlusion. Heart rate and aortic pressure before and after occlusion did not change in any groups. The subepicardial and subendocardial regional blood flows were reduced to almost zero in all hearts after occlusion (0.88 +/- 0.10 to 0.02 +/- 0.02 mL/g/min). Slight myoglobin defects in the ischemic tissue were noted in the five pigs examined 2 hours after occlusion and definite myoglobin defects were detected in all pigs examined at 4, 6, and 24 hours after occlusion. Nitrotetrazorium blue stain of myocardial tissue before formalin fixation showed slight demarcation of the ischemic area at 4 hours after occlusion and definite demarcation at 6 and 24 hours after occlusion. Slight demarcation was noted at 2 hours after occlusion in Masson trichrome stain and 4 hours after occlusion in the hematoxylin-eosin stain. However, definite demarcation of the ischemic area was seen in Masson trichrome stain only at 24 hours after occlusion and was not noted in hematoxylin-eosin stain even at 24 hours after occlusion. Our previous electron microscopic study revealed that, in the pig heart, irreversible cellular damage was transmurally seen at two hours after occlusion of the coronary artery. Therefore, a definite myoglobin defect reflects irreversible cellular damage such as infarction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An expert system for stress management

An Expert System for Stress Management (ESSM) is a system that mimics the role played by a psychologist or counselor of stress expert to provide a virtual consultancy. Counselor always uses these systems manually to determine level of stress and personality interest of individual. However, ESSM is aimed to change these two very different manual systems into computerized one, by extracting data from a career test and relates them together with stress test to determine and recommend best stress management for particular individual based on their activity interest. ESSM is applied through psychometric method where user is prompted to complete two set of questionnaire. ESSM combines stress test and personality test that is extracted from Holland's Self Directed Search Model (RIASEC), which is used as Career Test by career counselor/consultant. Extraction from Holland's Model is aimed to determine human's behavior and interests which existing websites only use stress test to determine stress disorder, and randomly recommend solutions for user, no matter what type of personality they are. ESSM contains recommendation based on interest activity by combining conclusion from both stress and personality test. Personality based on interest is extracted from RIASEC. The prototype of this system is rule-based expert system technique. The success of implementation and development of this project is expected to help in reducing time consumed and human power in determining best recommendation and solution for stress management.
Spatial Smoothing in Mass Spectrometry Imaging

In this paper, we target a data modelling approach used in computational metabolomics; to be specific, we assess whether spatial smoothing improves the topic term and noise identification. By assessing mass spectrometry imaging data, we design an enhancement for latent Dirichlet allocation-based topic models. For both data pre-processing and topic model design, we survey relevant research. Further, we present the proposed methodology in detail providing the preliminaries and guiding through the performed topic model enhancements. To assess the performance, we evaluate the spatial smoothing application on a number of diverse synthetic datasets.
Short-term patient-reported outcomes after different exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes

Background An objective of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is improvement in patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms. There are no direct comparisons of the effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes on patient-reported outcomes. Methods In this non-randomized study we collected patient-reported outcomes data with the MacNew Heart Disease health-related quality of life questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline, 1 month and again 3 months after admission to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in a cohort of 216 consecutive patients enrolled either in a 4-week inpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (n = 62) or a 3-month outpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (n = 87) and in a usual care group (n = 67) to document the natural course in patient-reported outcome variables without exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Results Although MacNew health-related quality of life scores improved more with inpatient than outpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation by month 1, the improvement was still significant in both groups at month 3 and also in the usual care group when compared to baseline. The health-related quality of life scores in the inpatient group, however, decreased between month 1 and 3 whereas they continued to improve in the outpatient group. The significant reduction in both anxiety and depressive symptoms in both exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation groups by month 1 was maintained at month 3 only with outpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. No significant changes over the 3 months were observed in the usual care group. Conclusion Significant improvements of 1-month patient-reported outcomes are achieved in patients attending inpatient as well as outpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation when compared with no exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. In contrast to inpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, however, outpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation leads to a further improvement of patient-reported outcomes. These results suggest that, if patients have to be admitted for inpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, this programme should be followed by an outpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation to further improve and stabilize these patient-reported outcome variables.
Morphological Evaluation of Full-Thickness Idiopathic Macular Holes by Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose To assess the efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the morphological evaluation of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes and for detecting any morphological changes with time. Methods Serial sagittal tomographs through the macula were taken by OCT in a consecutive series of 34 eyes of 34 patients with diagnosis of idiopathic full-thickness macular hole. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of “recent” (group 1, 25 patients) or “not-recent” (group 2, 9 patients) onset of symptoms related to the macular hole. Fourteen of the 25 patients in group 1 and all nine in group 2 underwent vitrectomy. The 11 in group 1 who refused surgery were observed by OCT examination with follow-up from 6 to 13 months. Results In most eyes OCT scans revealed two different anatomical features of macular holes depending on the time of onset of symptoms. Eleven of the 14 “recent-onset” holes that underwent surgery showed “sharp”, undermining edges at preoperative OCT; the other three had “rounded” edges. Seven of the nine eyes operated for long-standing full-thickness macular holes had preoperative “rounded” edges, while the edges in the remaining two eyes were “sharp”. OCT of eight of the 11 non-operated eyes in group 1 showed a morphological evolution of the macular hole edges from a “sharp” to a “rounded” contour and an increase in the diameter of the hole. Conclusions OCT can help in the morphological evaluation of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes and in the detection of morphological changes with time.
Work strain in midlife and 28-year work ability trajectories.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the 28-year development trajectories of work ability among initially middle-aged male and female municipal employees and the association of perceived mental and physical work strain in midlife by work ability trajectory groups. METHODS The baseline data of the Finnish longitudinal study of municipal employees (FLAME) were collected in 1981 (N=6257) with follow-ups in 1985, 1992, 1997, and 2009. Work ability was assessed in all the waves as present perceived work ability relative to lifetime best. Altogether, N=2690 had work ability data in 1981 and 2009, and at least for one wave in between these years, and were included in group-based semi-parametric mixture modeling trajectory analyses. Baseline differences in mental and physical work strain according to the work ability trajectories were assessed with MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance). RESULTS A five-group work ability trajectory model was identified for men and a four-group model for women. For the majority, a linear decline from excellent to moderate or moderate to poor work ability was observed while non-linear trajectories with sudden collapse and, in some cases, modest subsequent recovery of work ability were also observed. Individuals who maintained their work ability on an excellent-to-moderate level throughout the follow-up more often reported low mental and physical work strain in midlife. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of individuals seem to maintain their work ability on a moderate level from midlife to old age. Work strain may have far-reaching negative effects on individuals' work ability from midlife to old age, warranting vigilance in maintaining and promoting work ability throughout the lifespan.
APROXIMACIÓN AL MERCADO LABORAL DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA DE LOS 27 Y LOS MOVIMIENTOS MIGRATORIOS LABORALES

El mercado laboral es el lugar donde tanto empresarios como empleados intercambian servicios laborales. Los empresarios son los que deciden contratar o no los servicios de un trabajador, configurando la demanda de trabajo, mientras que los trabajadores son quienes ofrecen sus servicios. La relacion entre ambas partes es lo que determina los salarios a pagar, garantizando unos derechos y libertades para el empleado. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se analiza y se detalla la evolucion del mercado laboral actual de la Union Europea de los 27, influenciado por la crisis economica y el analisis de las variables que lo configuran e influyen en su comportamiento. A su vez, se plantea un analisis teorico de la conducta de los movimientos migratorios laborales intracomunitarios y los elementos que los provocan. De igual manera, analizar y resumir la situacion tanto microeconomica como macroeconomica de UE-27, la evolucion del empleo, el mercado unico europeo o las politicas sociales relacionadas con los derechos sociales de los empleados y de las empresas.
Automated Wire Antennas Design using Dynamic Dominance Evolutionary Algorithm

Antenna design problems are complex multi-objective optimization problems. It is difficult to solve such problems using traditional methods. This paper creates a new model to solve antenna problems. In this new model, antennas' requirements are reflected not only in problems' constraints, but also in their objectives. It means feasible solutions are solutions that satisfy antennas' requirements. So if we find out a feasible solution, antenna design problems would have been solved. After that, with the evolution going on, feasible solution would be optimized, and global optimal solution would be found out. This paper uses a new algorithm, dynamic dominances evolutionary algorithm (DDEA), to solve antenna problems. DDEA has been tested by 22 benchmark problems. DDEA can consistently find the global optimum of all test problems with success rate 100%, while any other algorithm can't achieve such high success rate. This paper takes lower earth orbit ST5 antenna designed problem as a real world test problem. The experimental result shows: using this new model and DDEA, ST5 antenna design problem can be solved effectively. In addition the simulation result shows our evolved antennas are quite competitive with NASA's.
Reperfusion therapy in stroke cases with unknown onset.

Thrombolysis and thrombectomy, also called reperfusion therapies, are effective for treating acute ischaemic stroke. The therapy reduces the risk of permanent neurological deficit, and there is a greater chance that patients will not be dependent on assistance afterwards (1, 2). However, it is time-dependent. The shorter the time from symptom onset to treatment start, the greater the chances of a good result. The proportion of ischaemic stroke patients in Norway who receive thrombolysis is only 15 % (3). The main reasons for this treatment not being administered are delayed hospitalisation and unknown time of onset (4, 5). Unknown time of stroke onset may be due either to the patient being alone and incapable of stating when the stroke occurred or to the patient waking with the symptoms. Most strokes with known onset occur in the morning (6). If the majority of strokes during sleep also occur in the morning just before the patient wakes up, this would mean that many patients who do not receive thrombolysis at present, might benefit from doing so. In the cases of patients who wake up with stroke symptoms (WUS) and have a CT scan within three hours of waking up, there are seldom early infarction changes on the CT images. In observation studies of WUS patients, the effectiveness of thrombolysis as reflected in a normal standard CT has been the same as in known onset patients (7).
DNA methyltransferase induced by frog virus 3

Over 20% of the cytosine bases in frog virus 3 DNA are methylated at the 5-carbon position. To determine whether this high degree of methylation is the result of a virus-specific enzyme, we examined the kinetics of induction and the substrate specificity of a DNA methyltransferase from frog virus 3-infected fathead minnow cells. A novel DNA methyltransferase activity appeared in the cytoplasm of infected cells at 3 h postinfection. This activity was induced in the absence of viral DNA replication and was therefore probably an early viral enzyme. In contrast to the methyltransferase activity extracted from uninfected cell nuclei, the cytoplasmic enzyme showed a strong template preference for double-stranded over single-stranded and for unmethylated over hemimethylated DNA. The dinucleotide sequence dCpdG was a necessary and sufficient exogenous substrate for methylation in vitro. A mutant of frog virus 3, isolated as resistant to 5-azacytidine and having unmethylated virion DNA, did not induce cytoplasmic DNA methyltransferase, leading to the conclusion that this activity is coded for by the virus.
Role of O-(2-18F-Fluoroethyl)-l-Tyrosine PET as a Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Malignant Progression in Patients with Low-Grade Glioma

In patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II, early detection of progression to WHO grade III or IV is of high clinical importance because the initiation of a specific treatment depends mainly on the WHO grade. In a significant number of patients with LGG, however, information on tumor activity and malignant progression cannot be obtained on the basis of clinical or conventional MR imaging findings only. We here investigated the potential of O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET to noninvasively detect malignant progression in patients with LGG. Methods: Twenty-seven patients (mean age ± SD, 44 ± 15 y) with histologically proven LGG (WHO grade II) were investigated longitudinally twice using dynamic 18F-FET PET and routine MR imaging. Initially, MR imaging and PET scans were performed, and diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of biopsy. Subsequently, PET scans were obtained when clinical findings or contrast-enhanced MR imaging suggested malignant progression. Maximum and mean tumor-to-brain ratios (20–40 min after injection) (TBRmax and TBRmean, respectively) of 18F-FET uptake as well as tracer uptake kinetics (i.e., time to peak [TTP] and patterns of the time–activity curves) were determined. The diagnostic accuracy of imaging parameters for the detection of malignant progression was evaluated by receiver-operating-characteristic analyses and by Fisher exact test for 2 × 2 contingency tables. Results: In patients with histologically proven malignant progression toward WHO grade III or IV (n = 18), TBRmax and TBRmean increased significantly, compared with baseline (TBRmax, 3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 2.4 ± 1.0; TBRmean, 2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.6; both P < 0.001), whereas TTP decreased significantly (median TTP, 35 vs. 23 min; P < 0.001). Furthermore, time–activity curve patterns changed significantly in 10 of 18 patients (P < 0.001). The combined analysis of 18F-FET PET parameters (i.e., changes of TBRmax, TTP, or time–activity curve pattern) yielded a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for the detection of malignant progression than changes of contrast enhancement in MR imaging (accuracy, 81% vs. 63%; P = 0.003). Conclusion: Both tumor-to-brain ratio and kinetic parameters of 18F-FET PET uptake provide valuable diagnostic information for the noninvasive detection of malignant progression of LGG. Thus, repeated 18F-FET PET may be helpful for further treatment decisions.
FXR1, an autosomal homolog of the fragile X mental retardation gene.

Fragile X mental retardation syndrome, the most common cause of hereditary mental retardation, is directly associated with the FMR1 gene at Xq27.3. FMR1 encodes an RNA binding protein and the syndrome results from lack of expression of FMR1 or expression of a mutant protein that is impaired in RNA binding. We found a novel gene, FXR1, that is highly homologous to FMR1 and located on chromosome 12 at 12q13. FXR1 encodes a protein which, like FMR1, contains two KH domains and is highly conserved in vertebrates. The 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of the human and Xenopus laevis FXR1 mRNAs are strikingly conserved (approximately 90% identity), suggesting conservation of an important function. The KH domains of FXR1 and FMR1 are almost identical, and the two proteins have similar RNA binding properties in vitro. However, FXR1 and FMR1 have very different carboxy‐termini. FXR1 and FMR1 are expressed in many tissues, and both proteins, which are cytoplasmic, can be expressed in the same cells. Interestingly, cells from a fragile X patient that do not have any detectable FMR1 express normal levels of FXR1. These findings demonstrate that FMR1 and FXR1 are members of a gene family and suggest a biological role for FXR1 that is related to that of FMR1.
Extraction of Vibrating Features With Dual-Channel Fixed-Receiver Bistatic SAR

Strong ground clutter may submerge the signals of vibrating targets and bring great difficulties to extract their micro-Doppler (m-D) signatures. Furthermore, if the vibrating direction is perpendicular to the radar line of sight, its m-D would be very weak in the monostatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In this letter, a configuration of bistatic SAR with a dual-channel fixed receiver is presented to handle the two problems. The displaced phase center antenna technique is adopted to suppress the clutter and to reserve the signals of vibrating targets in the range-compressed data domain. Then, the fractional Fourier transform is utilized to compensate for the radar Doppler shift. Finally, the m-D feature of vibration can be extracted effectively by using time-frequency transform. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated with simulated data.
Isotopic Baselines in the North Atlantic Region

Abstract The isotopic proveniencing of human remains, using ratios of strontium, oxygen, and/or lead isotopes, has been employed in archaeology for more than two decades. The basic principles are essentially the same for the different elements and involve comparison of isotope ratios in human tooth enamel with local levels from the place of burial. Because isotopic ratios vary geographically, values in human teeth (place of birth) that differ from those of the local ratio (place of death) indicate movement and identify non-local individuals. However, there is often no easy answer to the question of where an individual came from because very distant and different places can have the same or similar isotopic ratios. To interpret the results, baseline values for isotopic ratios must be available from the place of discovery and also from potential places of origin. Estimates of isotopic ratios can be made for possible places of origin, either locations or regions, and bioavailable data can be collected to compare with human tooth enamel. Isotopic proveniencing cannot provide “proof” of a place of origin, only the possibility. This paper focuses on geographic variation in strontium and oxygen isotopes, specifically in terms of the bioavailable ratios present in the different parts of the North Atlantic study area. We provide a detailed overview of bioavailable isotope ratios. The discussion then moves to specific isotopic systems. The summary of strontium bioavailability is detailed from region to region, considering first the bedrock and surficial geology followed by an evaluation of bioavailable isotope ratios. We have also measured oxygen isotopes in human tooth enamel across the North Atlantic for comparison. Baseline oxygen isotope ratios are considered in a more general fashion in this paper because these vary at lower resolution across western Europe and a broader view is useful for understanding their distribution. We conclude with a synthesis of bioavailable isotope data for the North Atlantic.