Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis and its prevention by a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols in TRAMP mice

Tocopherols belong to a subgroup of the vitamin E family. Dietary feeding of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols(γ-Tm T) inhibits prostate tumorigenesis in TRAMP mice. In this study, we aimed to investigate mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice by identifying differentially expressed pathways and effects of γ-Tm T on these pathways. Eight-week-old TRAMP and age-matched C57BL/6 mice were administered either 600 mg/kg of γ-Tm T or a control vehicle via oral gavage. Twelve hours after dosing, prostate tissues were collected for RNA extraction. Whole genome mouse microarrays were used to examine gene expression profiles. The expression of the selected genes were validated using quantitative PCR. Thousands of genes and various pathways were altered in the prostates of TRAMP mice. Compared to C57BL/6 mice, TRAMP mice exhibited enhanced proliferation, suppressed expression of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, and metabolic reprogramming in the prostate. γ-Tm T differentially regulated the gene expression profiles of TRAMP and C57BL/6 mice, with only a small percentage of genes overlapping. γ-Tm T inhibited genes involved in proliferation and glucose metabolism and induced several antioxidant/phase II detoxification genes in TRAMP mice. γ-Tm T modulates multiple aberrant pathways in the prostate of TRAMP mice, which might represent important mechanisms for prostate cancer prevention.
Physicochemical and biological indicators in silages of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) tubers for animal feeding

For assessing the physicochemical and biological indicators in silages of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) tubers for animal feeding, four silages with waste tubers were made. Treatments were: (1_NY) natural yogurt, (2_W) whey, (3_WMB5) whey and 5 %molasses B and 4_WMB10) whey and 10 % molasses B. The experimental design was a completely randomized of simple classification. Regarding the temperature at day zero, treatment 2_W showed the highest value (P < 0.05) (22.65 oC). At day one, 1_NY exhibited the highest value (P < 0.05) (22.53 oC). At days two and three in treatment 2_W the highest values were obtained (P < 0.05) (22.53 – 22.49 oC). From day four, to 180 in the 4_WMB10 the highest temperature was reached 22.83 – 22.54 oC. Regarding pH, at day 0, treatment 3_WMB5 presented the highest value (P < 0.05) 5.4. From day 1 to 4, pH was proportionally reduced in the silages being higher in treatment 2_W, in 0.71 units from day 5 to 180. Later, the pH was stabilized in all silages. Treatment 3_WMB5 showed the lowest value (P < 0.05) (3.93 – 3.83). Fungi, yeasts, total coliform and Escherichia coli were present on day zero and later were absent. There was no Clostridium spp. or Salmonella spp. throughout the study. The physicochemical and microbiological indicators in the silages until day 180 showed a perfect performance, fit for animal feeding. Key words: tubers, fermentation, microorganisms, animal feeding
Valuation of the environmental impacts of the Kayraktepe Dam/Hydroelectric Project, Turkey: An exercise in contingent valuation

This paper describes and evaluates the environmental impacts of the Kayraktepe Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant in Turkey. The contingent valuation method is used to estimate the project's local environmental costs. The average, local rural annual willingness to pay for the restoration of the environmental impacts of the project is found to be USD 300 person-1. Loss of forestry and agricultural benefits from the reservoir area that will be inundated are estimated to be USD 12.66 mill. yr'. When the Kayraktepe Project's external costs are internalized, its benefit cost ratio falls from 1.35 to 0.84, indicating that the project is economically undesirable and the decision for its construction needs to be reconsidered.
Variations in the egg-size of Extatosoma tiaratum (MacLeay) (Insecta: Phasmida)

On a mesure longueur et largeur des œufs sur 45 echantillons contenant chacun 10 œufs provenant de 2 femelles fecondees et d'une femelle parthenogenetique. Les tailles differentes des œufs s'expliquent par les tailles des femelles qui les ont pondus. L'hypothese que les femelles parthenogenetiques pourraient pondre des œufs plus petits que les femelles fecondees est rejetee
Resumiendo opiniones negativas con "Deep learning" y reglas descriptivas

Resumen—La tarea del Análisis de Opiniones a Nivel de Aspecto se basa en realizar un análisis sobre las opiniones con el mayor detalle posible, pues detecta aspectos específicos que aparecen en el texto de la opinión. No obstante, debido a que la información que se extrae de estos algoritmos es muy precisa, aspecto por aspecto, ésta no contribuye a obtener un conocimiento general de todo el corpus. Por ello, en este trabajo se propone una metodología que, a partir de la extracción de aspectos, se resume todo el contenido de una manera descriptiva, visualizando las conexiones más relevantes entre aspectos y una cierta polaridad, que en nuestro caso es la negativa. En este estudio, demostramos que este nuevo método puede emplearse para obtener una descripción global de un corpus entero a partir de las relaciones más significativas entre un aspecto y su polaridad.
Hedgehog signaling in colorectal cancer: a spiny issue gets smoothened

The Hh pathway has been recognized as one of the major regulators of cell growth and differentiation during embryogenesis and early development of vertebrates (1). Generally, it is inactivated in adults but reactivation via inappropriate mutation or deregulation of this pathway may play a crucial role in tumor development. Activation of canonical Hh signaling occurs when one of the ligands, i.e., Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh) or Indian (Ihh) Hedgehog binds to its receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1). This relieves the repression of Smoothened (SMO) by PTCH1, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of the Glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) transcription factors, which will translocate to the nucleus and promote transcription of the Hh target genes.
The Application of Geobiocoenological Landscape Typology in The Modelling of Climate Change Implications

Abstract Geobiocoenological landscape typology, which is used in landscape planning in the Czech Republic, includes vegetation zonation of the landscape. Vegetation zones are determined by climatic conditions. Changes in climatic conditions will probably be manifested in the shift of vegetation zones in the landscape. Mathematical geobiocoenological model of vegetation zonation of the landscape is based on the general ecological relationship between the current vegetation zonation and present climatic conditions and the assumption that this general relationship will be maintained in the future. The paper presents the application of the model using the example of the prediction of changes in climatic conditions for the Norway spruce (the first-generation of the model) and grapevine (the second-generation of the model) in the Czech Republic. In the case of the Norway spruce example, the model shows that the predicted changes in climatic conditions will prevent the cultivation of the spruce in the Czech Republic outside its natural range in mountainous areas. The results of the presented model for grapevine show significant enlargement of areas climatically suitable for growing grapes within the studied area.These examples demonstrate the potential for the application of geobiocoenological landscape typology in the modeling of the effects of climate change in the landscape.
Functional transcriptomics in diverse intestinal epithelial cell types reveals robust gut microbial sensitivity of microRNAs in intestinal stem cells

Gut microbiota play an important role in regulating the development of the host immune system, metabolic rate, and at times, disease pathogenesis. The factors and mechanisms that mediate communication between microbiota and the intestinal epithelium are poorly understood. We provide novel evidence that microbiota may control intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) proliferation in part through microRNAs (miRNAs). We demonstrate that miRNA profiles differ dramatically across functionally distinct cell types of the mouse jejunal intestinal epithelium and that miRNAs respond to microbiota in a highly cell-type specific manner. Importantly, we also show that miRNAs in IESCs are more prominently regulated by microbiota compared to miRNAs in any other intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) subtype. We identify miR-375 as one miRNA that is significantly suppressed by the presence of microbiota in IESCs. Using a novel method to knockdown gene and miRNA expression ex vivo enteroids, we demonstrate that we can knockdown gene expression in Lgr5+ IESCs. Furthermore, when we knockdown miR-375 in IESCs, we observe significantly increased proliferative capacity. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbiota regulate miRNA expression in IESCs and other IEC subtypes will elucidate a critical molecular network that controls intestinal homeostasis and, given the heightened interest in miRNA-based therapies, may offer novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases associated with altered IESC function.
Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Interleukin-13 Gene and Atopic Dermatitis in Chinese Korean and Han Populations of Yanbian Region

Objective IL-13 is well known to play important role in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis( AD). The purpose of this study is to investigate the IL-13 polymorphisms for its association with AD. Methods We conducted a case-control study in patients with AD( n = 234) and healthy individuals( n = 411) in Korean- Chinese( n = 294) and Han( n = 360) populations of Yanbian region. The genotypes of SNPs rs1800925 and rs140828306 were determined by the method of SnaPshot Multiplex in 294 Korean-Chinese( 84 patients with AD and 210 healthy individuals) and 360 Han-Chinese( 150 patients with AD and 201 healthy individu- als). Results Both allele and genotype frequency of rs1800925 conformed to the predication of Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of T allele was higher in ethnic Korean campared to Han-Chinese( P = 0. 047),and the frequency of TT genotype was higher in Korean-Chinese compared to Han-Chinese. howev- er,there were no significant difference( P = 0. 094) between two groups. For Korean and Han,both allele and genotype frequency of rs1800925 in patients with AD showed no significant difference between patiens with AD and healthy control group( P 0. 05). Through all the samples from this study showed CC genotype in rs140828306( C / T) Locus. Conclusion The polymorphism of rs1800925 is not associated with susceptibili- ty of AD in Chinese population of Yanbian area. The rs1800925 polymorphism showed a racial difference in Korean and Han Chinese population. There is only genotype( C / T) in rs140828306 in Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese populations of Yanbian region.
Effects on Productive Performance, Tibia Calcium and Phosphorous Retention, and Liver Enzymes Activity of Acidified and Alkalinized Diets in Broiler Chicken

Abstract A 35-day experiment was carried out to study the effects of acidified and alkalinized diets on zootechnical indices, tibial calcium and phosphorous retention, bone mineralization and liver enzymes activity using 250 Ross 308 male broiler chicks. Five treatments consisting of a control diet (CD), CD acidified using 10, 20 and 30 g/kg citric acid (CA) and CD alkalinized with Ca (OH)2 (8.9 g/kg in growth period and 8.6 g/kg in finisher period) were examined in 5 replicates of 10 birds each from day 7 up to day 42 of age. Inclusion of 30 g/kg CA significantly increased body weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed efficiency, tibia ash, tibia Ca content, at day 42 of age (P<0.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were elevated in the birds fed with the 30 g/kg CA-treated diet at day 42 of age (P<0.05). Alkalinized diet significantly reduced ADFI, tibia ash, tibial P and Ca contents, bone breaking strength and plasma Ca concentration (P<0.05). It was concluded that the diet acidified with 30 g/kg CA promoted productive performance and tibia mineralization in broiler chicken. Alkalinized diet suppressed growth performance of the birds perhaps through disrupted mineral absorption and altered liver enzymes activity.
Optimizing species composition in uneven-aged forest stands

This article describes an approach for determining the optimal sustainable equilibrium diameter distribution and species composition for a mixed-species forest stand. Using the Prognosis Model-a single tree distance independent growth model and its attendant regeneration subsystem--the maximization objective is formulated in terms of three decision variables per species: (1) the scale and shape parameters of a Weibull distribution function, and (2) the total number of trees per acre. A direct search, derivative-free, constrained nonlinear programming algorithm is used to optimize the growth model under a sustainable equilibrium constraint. To facilitate optimization, the stochastic features of the Prognosis Model are transformed to their deterministic coun-terparts. Results are presented for the Abies lasiocarpa/Clintonia unifiora habitat type found in northern Idaho. FOR. Scl. 33(4):958-970. with an initial stand equivalent in structure to the optimal sustainable equilib- rium "investment-efficient" solution found by maximizing the land expectation value. These studi(cid:127)s maximize the present value of net returns and lead to steady-state solutions with lower land expectation values than obtained from the static analyses. However, they do not require that a constant cutting cycle be used (although harvests can be made no more often than each cycle); they place no restrictions on the form of the terminal diameter distribution; and they do not ensure that a constant harvest be maintained during, or at the end of, the finite planning horizon. Predictably, the present values associated with these solutions exceed those of the more constrained static analyses, but the terminal distribution is not "investment-efficient. "
Genetics of Sharks, Skates, and Rays

16.1 Elasmobranch Cytogenetics 487 16.1.1 Genome Sizes 487 16.1.2 Chromosome Complements 488 16.1.3 Sex Determination 488 16.1. 4 Parthenogenesis and Genetic Oddities 489 16.2 Population Genetics, Stock Structure, and Forensics 489 16.2. 1 Molecular Markers 489 16.2. 1.1 Isozymes and Allozymes 489 16.2. 1.2 Mitochondrial DNA 490 16.2. 1.3 Nuclear DNA 490 16.2. 2 Measuring Stock Structure with Molecules 492 16.2. 3 Elasmobranch Population Structure 493 16.2. 4 Forensic Identification and Cryptic Species 494 16.3 Molecular Ecology 496 16.3. 1 Philopatry and Sex-Biased Dispersal 497 16.3. 2 Parentage and Multiple Paternity 498 16.4 Summary 498 References 499
Dietary Pattern-Based Differences in the Associations Between Weight Control, Bone Mineral Density, and the Risk of Fracture Among Iranian Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: An Application of Theory of Planned Behavior

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between cognitive factors, weight control behavior, bone mineral density (BMD), and the risk of bone fracture by the dietary pattern among Iranian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study (2017), 240 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis referring to two densitometry clinics in Tabriz (Iran) were recruited to participate in the study using a convenience sampling technique. Then, nutrition survey, BMD, the risk of bone fracture, weight control behavior, and a framework-based weight control behavior questionnaire (Weight-CuRB) were applied to collect data.ResultsUsing factor analysis, three distinct dietary patterns were identified, including healthy, mixed, and western patterns, which accounted for 24.24% of the total variance in food intake. After adjustment for cognitive and socio-demographic variables, patients with a western dietary pattern and no control on weight showed the increased risk of major osteoporotic (odds ratio [OR]: 4.82, CI: 2.02-11.45, P = 0.000) and hip (OR: 3.13, CI: 1.36-7.19, P = 0.007) fractures (P<0.001). In addition, in the subjects with western dietary pattern and no control over their weight, results showed an increased risk of low BMD (OR: 0.451, CI: 0.199- 1.042, P = 0.044). ConclusionsIn general, the increased intake of fruits, nuts, the vegetable oil in a healthy dietary pattern, and adoption of appropriate weight control behaviors may reduce the risk of bone fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Accordingly, health practitioners and healthcare providers should consider weight control in their risk assessment of bone fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Aneuploidy in Cancer: Seq-ing Answers to Old Questions

Aneuploidy, the state of having gained or lost chromosomes, is a hallmark of cancer. Approximately 90% of tumors have gained or lost at least one chromosome. In spite of aneuploidy occurring as frequently as, if not more often than, disruption of the p53 pathway, whether and how aneuploidy influences tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of large-scale tumor sequencing efforts to assess karyotypic alterations across many cancer types and review recent sequencing studies that show how karyotypes change in space and time. We further summarize findings that describe the effects of aneuploidy on untransformed cells, the mechanisms by which aneuploidy could drive tumorigenesis, and the potential to target aneuploidy for cancer therapy.
Favorable Salinity for Spawning by the Brackish Water Bivalve, Corbicula japonica Prime

Corbicula japonica inhabits the estuary of the Ishikari River, Hokkaido. The average fishing amount of C. japonica in a year has remained at a low level of 5 tonnes. Therefore, seed bivalves from Lake Abashiri have been released into the estuary for many years. However, recruitment of C. japonica has been hardly observed. Previously, we reported that C. japonica spawns under the severe conditions of low temperature and especially low salinity (Maru et al. 2005). To improve these conditions, construction of spawning beds dug for sea water to flow in and transplantation of mother bivalves to salty areas to induce spawning might be considered. Knowing the favorable salinity for spawning of this species is indispensable. Therefore, under laboratory conditions samples were exposed to salinities 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 19, 20 and 21 psu at room temperature 20.2-24.8•Ž in tanks from July to August. Spawning took place at 2-12 psu, and at 2, 3, 5 and 6 psu by replacement individuals. We conclude that spawning is possible at salinities 2-12 psu, and that 2-6 psu is most favorable.
Influence of cassava mosaic virus on cassava leaf-vegetable quality

People of Zaire prefer cassava mosaic virus-infected cassava leaves to the healthy leaves for vegetable use. The diseased leaves are believed to be sweeter and more tender. (.)Total cyanide concentration decreased significantly in the three clones with increasing disease severity; protein also decreased as the disease progressed. Total soluble sugars and crude fibre content were unrelated to disease rating
‘Are 3 °C too much?’: thermal niche breadth in Bromeliaceae and global warming

By the end of this century, temperature is predicted to increase by about 6 °C at higher latitudes and about 3 °C in the tropics. Although values predicted for tropical latitudes are lower, rising temperatures in the tropics are likely to have more severe consequences for tropical species that are generally assumed to have narrower climatic niches due to a higher degree of climatic stability and higher niche specialization. Even though temperature affects all ontogenetic stages, the regeneration niche of a species is fundamental for overall niche breadth and hence represents a potential major bottleneck for its distribution. We conducted germination experiments along a range of temperatures with 41 epiphytic bromeliad species to determine thermal germination traits (thermal niche breadth, lower and upper thermal limit, thermal optimum). Based on these traits, we asked whether the thermal germination niche breadth of these species is wide enough to cope with the predicted increase in temperature. Furthermore, we conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to detect possible niche conservatism of these traits in Bromeliaceae. For 93% of all tested bromeliad species, the predicted mean annual temperature range does not exceed the thermal niche breadth. Moreover, for 85% of all tested species, the current mean annual temperature across the distribution range is well below our estimates of their thermal optima. Furthermore, we found evidence for phylogenetic niche conservatism in most assessed traits. Synthesis. Our report represents an important first step to understand and predict present and future responses of epiphytic bromeliads to global warming. At least with regard to seed germination, epiphytic bromeliads should not be negatively affected by the predicted temperature rise of 3 °C. To the contrary, future temperatures are closer to the thermal optima of most species, potentially leading to an increase in performance. However, since niche conservatism in Bromeliaceae may limit their adaptability to novel climatic conditions, a negative effect of increasing temperatures cannot be completely rejected when considering ontogenetic niche shifts.
A migratory lifestyle is associated with shorter telomeres in a songbird (Junco hyemalis)

ABSTRACT For birds, a migratory lifestyle confers several benefits including avoidance of harsh winters and increased access to food resources during the breeding season. However, migration is energetically costly and elevates oxidative stress, which may contribute to increased mortality during migration. Oxidative stress is known to shorten telomeres, which are protective DNA regions on the ends of chromosomes. Thus, one consequence of migration may be accelerated telomere attrition. A migratory lifestyle may also increase telomere shortening via reduced investment into self-maintenance, as high mortality during migration may cause migrants to invest more in reproduction than residents. We therefore hypothesized that greater telomere attrition may reflect a long-term cost of a migratory life history strategy. We predicted that, among individuals of the same age, migrants would have shorter telomeres as compared to residents. We compared first-year individuals in an overwintering population of Slate-colored Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) that included both a migratory (J. h. hyemalis) and resident (J. h. carolinensis) subspecies in western Virginia. As predicted, first-year migrants had shorter telomeres than first-year residents. Since members of both subspecies experienced the same winter conditions and had not yet bred, differences in telomere lengths are likely due to migration-related costs as this was the only energetically expensive life history stage that differed between subspecies. Telomere length differences between subspecies could also be due to differences in initial telomere lengths or loss during growth, which could reflect relative investment into self-maintenance. These results are consistent with the idea that accelerated telomere shortening is a potential cost of a migratory life history strategy. This consequence could be the result of direct metabolic costs of migration and/or a life history strategy that places less emphasis on self-maintenance.