Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the causes of ventricular arrhythmia, its treatment and outcome

Background: Ventricular arrhythmia is the most common aetiology of sudden cardiac death. Death can sometimes be prevented by the implantation of a defibrillator (ICD). When an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has occurred some circumstances characterize those who survive. Medication used to treat disease is not always harmless. Methods: The population in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register was used to characterize the survivors, and for the recently added drugs, before an OHCA, used together with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The outcome of all consecutive acute myocardial infarction patients during 21 month time at Sahlgrenska University Hospital was investigated to determine if a simple echocardiographic criterion could identify the patients that would die of arrhythmia during two years after the myocardial infarction. Thirty patients with an implanted defibrillator were tested with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) to determine the risk of electrical interference with the ICD. Results: The echocardiographic criterion of an ejection fraction ≤30% alone, found only three of the patients who died of presumed arrhythmia and only one of them would have been implanted with an ICD in clinical practice. Six patients who died of presumed arrhythmia had a better ejection fraction. The TENS interfered with 16/30 ICDs. Among survivors of OHCA 20% were from the group found in a non-shockable rhythm and the majority was not reached by the ambulance within five minutes. Recently added drugs before OHCA were most often prescribed for infectious, respiratory and neuro-psychological diseases. 16.2% of the OCHA victims had recently claimed a drug from the” qtdrugs.org” lists . Conclusion: Better criteria or combinations are needed to identify the patients that would benefit from an ICD on a primary prevention indication after myocardial infarction. The TENS device cannot be recommended to be used simultaneously with an ICD and protocols for testing other implantable devices to be used together with an ICD are warranted. New drugs frequently claimed before OHCA should be further investigated and the OHCA victims found in non-shockable rhythm need more attention. The delay-time for ambulance arrival to the OHCA victim is long.
Seabird bycatch in Spanish Mediterranean large pelagic longline fisheries, 2000-2008

Incidental catch or bycatch represents a significant threat for the conservation of seabird populations. The western Mediterranean is an important fishing area where the Spanish pelagic and semi-pelagic longline fleet targeting swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ), bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus ) and albacore ( Thunnus alalunga ) operates. Bycatch of these fisheries includes several seabird species. Given the importance of conservation of the bycatch species (marine mammals, turtles, sharks and seabirds), an on-board observer program was implemented by the Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO); this included collecting data on effort and catch, as well as weight and number of individuals of the main bycatch species. The aim of the present study is to report data on seabird bycatch collected by the on-board observer program of the IEO in the Western Mediterranean. Data on seabird bycatch were collected for the period 2000-2008, throughout the year. Six longline gears targeting large pelagic fish were identified operating in the area of study, but only three had an effect on seabird species. Differences in catch per unit effort (CPUE, birds per 1000 hooks) for each gear, as well as their effect on particular seabird species, are reported in this study. A total of 4 786 466 hooks were monitored, which yielded 182 seabirds belonging to 7 different species. The average CPUE for the studied period was 0.038 birds per 1000 hooks. Cory’s shearwater ( Calonectris diomedea ) and yellow-legged gull ( Larus michahellis ) were the species the most highly represented in the catch. In contrast, Balearic shearwater ( Puffinus mauretanicus ) was only present in the longline fishery targeting albacore (CPUE = 0.005 birds per 1000 hooks). Our results suggest that Cory’s shearwater is the species the most affected by the longline fishery in the Western Mediterranean, probably due to its biological characteristics, and corroborate the well-established downward trend in its population.
Anatomical Entity Recognition with Open Biomedical Ontologies

Anatomical entities are central to much of biomedical discourse and must be considered in any attempt to fully analyse biomedical scientific text. However, while a wealth of tools and resources have been introduced in domain natural language processing efforts for the recognition of mentions of biomolecules and organisms in text, there has been little study of anatomical entities such as tissues and organs. In this paper, we consider the closely related tasks of distinguishing terms that refer to anatomical entities from ones that do not and assigning the former into upper-level semantic classes. We draw on the wealth of anatomical domain resources available in the Open Biomedical Ontologies repository, evaluating entity detection performance using the ontologies against a manually curated corpus of 5000 phrases occurring with high frequency in PubMed. We further analyse the upper-level structure of these ontologies to determine whether the resources offer a stable basis for speciesindependent classification and discuss remaining conflicts and challenges.
TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Computing and Electrical Engineering

Tampere University of Technology Degree Program in Information Technology, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Noor, Muhammad Tarek Hasan: User perception-based quantitative studies of Location Based Services of today and tomorrow Master’s thesis, 72 pages, appendix 15 pages September, 2014 Major subject: Communications Engineering Examiners: Associate Prof. Dr. Elena-Simona Lohan, Dr. Danai Skournetou
Corporate Governance Structures and the Agency Cost of Debt

This paper uses a stochastic continuous time model of the firm to study how different corporate governance structures affect the agency cost of debt. In the absence of asymmetric information, it shows that control of the firm by debtholders with a minority stake delays the exit decision and reduces the underinvestment problem. Such a governance structure may play an important role in diminishing conflicts between shareholders and debtholders.
Polylactic Acid Based Nanocomposites: Promising Safe and Biodegradable Materials in Biomedical Field

Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in biological areas due to its excellent compatibility, bioabsorbability, and degradation behavior in human bodies. Pure polylactic acid has difficulty in meeting all the requirements that specific field may demand. Therefore, PLA based nanocomposites are extensively investigated over the past few decades. PLA based nanocomposites include PLA based copolymers in nanometer size and nanocomposites with PLA or PLA copolymers as matrix and nanofillers as annexing agent. The small scale effect and surface effect of nanomaterials help improve the properties of PLA and make PLA based nanocomposites more popular compared with pure PLA materials. This review mainly introduces different kinds of PLA based nanocomposites in recent researches that have great potential to be used in biomedical fields including bone substitute and repair, tissue engineering, and drug delivery system.
User-Driven Innovation: An Exploratory Study

Despite the relatively robust promotion of user-driven innovation (UDI) in practice, research on UDI remains in its early stages. Following a grounded theory analysis approach, this paper makes a contribution by conducting exploratory research of the field. Nine interviews yield an empirical basis for extracting categories connected with existing conceptual issues. The results reveal three key elements of the UDI (user involvement, searching for feedback, and design orientation). The results also indicate the interdisciplinary nature of UDI with branding, design, and company-user interaction as complementary fields in creating user experience. The analysis leads to four theoretical propositions for future studies. The article concludes with limitations and implications for future research.
The application of probability method to estimate micronutrient deficiencies prevalence of Indonesian adults

The objective of this study was to analyze micronutrient deficiencies (Ca, Fe, Zn, Vitamin A and C) of Indonesian adults using probability method (PBM) and cut-off point method (CPM). This research was conducted by analyzing secondary data from Total Diet Study of the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, obtained from 24-h food recall method. The subjects were 58, 014 adults aged 19-49 years. The nutrient requirement from Institute of Medicine were used as benchmark. Both PBM and CPM were applied to assess micronutrient deficiencies. The results showed that by applying PBM, the prevalence of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and C deficiencies was 54.2%, 36.4%, 74.3%, 44.8% and 71.4% respectively; while the prevalence of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and C deficiencies using CPM-100 was 63.9%, 42.5%, 80.7%, 55.8% and 81.7% respectively. PBM result showed more men than women were categorized as suffering from Zn, Vitamin A and C deficiencies; and more women were categorized as Ca and Fe deficiencies. The application of CPM-100 tended to result in overestimation compared to PBM. The nutrient densities of Ca, Fe, Zn, Vitamin A and C were higher in women than in men (p <0.05). The nutrient densities of Ca, Zn, vitamin A and C were below the recommended level for both men and women. This implies micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent among Indonesian adults thus there is a need to improve the quality of their diet. This can be achieved by increasing the consumption of protein source foods (fish, meat and legume), fruits and vegetables as sources of micronutrients.
EFFECTS OF RETAMA RAETAM (FORSSK.) WEBB & BERTHEL. (FABACEAE) ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berthel. (Fabaceae), commonly known as 'raetam' or 'broom bush', is a desert shrub that grows abundantly in North-African countries, Palestine and Syria. Traditionally, this plant has been used as an abortifacient, a purgative and a vermifuge. In the present study, the effect of the methanol (MeOH) extract of the aerial parts of R. raetam on the central nervous system (CNS) has been evaluated using a mice model. In the photoelectrical cell test, the extract of R. raetam (ERR) at a dose of 125 mg/kg body weight did not exhibit any effect on the spontaneous motor activity in mice. At a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, ERR increased ambulatory movement, but had no effect on the non-ambulatory movement, while a dose of 375 mg/kg body weight decreased both ambulatory and non-ambulatory movements. The effect of ERR on the anxiety levels and behaviors of mice was investigated using the elevated plus-maze test. At doses of 125, 250 and 375 mg/kg body weight, ERR decreased anxiety levels without showing an effect on the total activity; it did not affect anxiety levels but increased the total activity; it increased anxiety levels and decreased the total activity, respectively. In the diazepam-induced sleep test, ERR increased the onset of sleep without affecting the duration of sleep at the dose of 250 mg/kg body weight. The dose of 375 mg/kg body weight decreased the onset of sleep while in- creasing the duration of sleep. ERR did not exhibit any effect on the diazepam-induced sleep in the presence of flumazenil or picrotoxin.
Exploring the Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2: Turkish Standardization Study*

This study aims at exploring the psychometric characteristics of the Turkish version of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 (TV-GARS-2) in order to standardize it into Turkish. Individuals diagnosed with autism, intellectual disability, hearing impairment and typically developing children were the participants of this standardization study (n=1191). After carrying out the Turkish translation procedure, the reliability and validity of TV-GARS-2 were examined by conducting a series of analyses such as construct validity, discriminant validity, item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results yielded that TV-GARS-2 is a reliable and valid assessment tool that can be used with individuals with autism
Introductory Chapter: Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives

Sperm cells (SPZ) are derived from spermatogenesis, a highly regulated developmental process starting from diploid precursors—spermatogonial stem cells—that undergo strictly orchestrated mitotic and meiotic divisions to form round spermatids. Extensive morphological and biochemical transformations in post-meiotic phase are required to differentiate round spermatids into highly specialized SPZ [1–3]. Thus, during spermiogenesis, the round spermatids transform into specialized and polarized cells that exhibit: at proximal end, the head containing an elongated and transcriptionally inactive nucleus which is apically surrounded by the Golgi-derived acrosome, and at the distal end, a tail surrounded at its proximal midpieces by mitochondrial sheet. A part from acrosome biogenesis, the spermiogenesis accounts for a radical chromatin remodeling that causes genome silencing [4] through histone replacement with transition proteins, firstly, and protamines later, to obtain a tightly packaged chromatin [5]. In parallel, a global reorganization of cytoplasmatic/cytoskeleton architecture drives elongation step with the development of a flagellum and the formation of cytoplasmic droplets which contain the excess cytoplasm.
Modeling the Diffusion of Energy Performance Contracting

The Portuguese Energy Policy considers the development of a commercially viable and competitive market for energy performance contracting (EPC) as a main mechanism to achieve the objectives of energy efficiency improvement. This paper proposes a study to investigate how to achieve widespread adoption of energy performance contracting by means of system dynamics modelling and simulation. To explore and gather insights on this question, a system dynamics model representing the system of the Portuguese EPC market at industry level will be created. The simulation of that model will provide a helpful basis for analysing and explaining the development of key variables, and accelerating learning on the managerial, organizational and political adaptation processes that foster the diffusion of EPC adoption. The first phase of this research project aims at identifying and analysing the key factors and critical cause-effect relations that drive the adoption of EPC. With this purpose, a qualitative content analysis on relevant documents was performed and a set of interviews was conducted. That data was analysed to capture the critical variables and its interrelation to formulate a preliminary representation of the system structure as stock and flow diagrams.
Is research effort associated with the conservation status of European bird species

Research effort is critical to the success of interventions which aim to reduce de clines in biodiversity and so can be considered as a conservation resource. European bird species are among the best studied and most popular groups of animals, yet 1 in 10 are currently globally threatened or near threatened, and many have been prioritised by various multilateral environmental agreements. To investigate how research effort is directed towards European bird species, and in particular whether conservation listing prompts additional research, the number of outputs from a Web of Science search related to conservation was used to develop an index of research effort for each species. This index was then analysed against a set of population, morphological, ecological and socioeconomic parameters collated from the literature, plus measures of threat level. A series of generalised linear models revealed that the most important factors in explaining the distribution of research effort amongst European bird species included ‘European population size’, ‘potential research investment’ and ‘habitat type’, which were linked to ease of study. Also important were the species’ generation length, 1990−2000 European population trend and migration status. Research effort was not well targeted with respect to either European or global threat status, and there was little support for the suggestion that inclusion of species in legislative instruments such as Annex I of the EU Birds Directive might stimulate research. Research effort must become better prioritised to achieve the greatest net conservation benefit.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Equations of State and Anisotropy of Fe-Ni-Si Alloys

We present powder X-ray diﬀraction data on body centered cubic (bcc)- and hexagonal close packed (hcp)-structured Fe 0 . 91 Ni 0 . 09 and Fe 0 . 8 Ni 0 . 1 Si 0 . 1 at 300 K up to 167 and 175 GPa, respectively. The alloys were loaded with tungsten powder as a pressure calibrant and helium as a pressure transmitting medium into diamond anvil cells, and their equations of state and axial ratios were measured with high statistical quality. These equations of state are combined with thermal parameters from previous reports to improve the extrapolation of the density, adiabatic bulk modulus, and bulk sound speed to the pressures and temperatures of Earth’s inner core. We propagate uncertainties and place constraints on the composition of Earth’s inner core by combining these results with available data on light-element alloys of iron and seismic observations. For example, the addition of 4.3 to 5.3 wt% silicon to Fe 0 . 95 Ni 0 . 05 alone can explain geophysical observations of the inner core boundary, as can up to 7.5 wt% sulfur with negligible amounts of silicon and oxygen. Our ﬁndings favor an inner core with less than ∼ 2 wt% oxygen and less than 1 wt% carbon, although uncertainties in electronic and anharmonic contributions to the equations of state may shift these values. The compositional space widens toward the center of the Earth, considering inner core seismic gradients. We demonstrate that hcp-Fe 0 . 91 Ni 0 . 09 and hcp-Fe 0 . 8 Ni 0 . 1 Si 0 . 1 have measurably greater c ∕ a axial ratios than those of hcp-Fe over the measured pressure range. We further investigate the relationship between the axial ratios, their pressure derivatives, and elastic anisotropy of hcp-structured materials. and compared to the seismic model AK135-F. We estimate the eﬀect of the ICB temperature, as well as the electronic and anharmonic
Impact of Agricultural Labor Transfer and Structural Adjustment on Chemical Application: Comparison of Past Developments in the Ecological Civilization Pilot Zones of China and Their Future Implications

Reducing the application of agricultural chemicals is a key point in promoting the construction of an ecological civilization and the green development of the agricultural sector. Based on statistical yearbook data from provinces which became the first national ecological civilization pilot zones in China, this paper quantitatively analyzes the impact of labor transfers and structural adjustment of agriculture on the application of agricultural chemicals by using comparative analysis and a panel data model. The results show that the amplitude of the agricultural labor force in Fujian, Guizhou, and Jiangxi decreases successively. The planting structure adjustment for grain crops is slowest in Jiangxi, while the sown area of cash crops, such as vegetables, increases at the fastest rate in Guizhou. The increase of horticultural plants, such as orchards is the most obvious in Jiangxi. The application of agricultural chemicals grows quickly. The influence of the agricultural labor force scale on the application of fertilizers and pesticides is statistically significantly negative. The ratio of the sown area of non-grain crops to the total sown area has a positive effect on the application of fertilizers and pesticides. In the context of the continuing agricultural labor transfer in China, combining the structural adjustment of agriculture and the supply of high-quality agricultural products, the government should actively guide and support new agricultural business entities in applying organic manure. Additionally, it should accelerate the development of smaller agricultural machinery that can be used for smaller land areas and by elderly people to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide.
EMANCIPATION FROM FUNDAMENTALIST TEACHING: HOW SCHOOL INHIBITS ICT CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION

The paper explores the inability of first-year students at a university in South Africa to use learning technologies in creative and innovative ways. They are products of an educational system that is beset with multiple problems: There are large numbers of unqualified or underqualified teachers, many schools lack basic educational resources like text books and most do not have libraries, classes are over-crowded, there is massive loss of teaching hours due to teacher absenteeism. Most schools have limited or no access to Information and Communication Technologies for teaching and learning. Teachers use an outdated pedagogic model that supports knowledge development at the lower levels of Blooms Taxonomy. Therefore, many students arrive at university wholly under-prepared for the demands of higher learning and Twenty First Century learning. It was found that a year was not sufficient time for them to make the transition.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES SYNTHESIZED BY KrF EXCIMER LASER ABLATION IN NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE

We report the fabrication of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by KrF excimer laser ablation under nitrogen atmosphere with a yield of over 70%. We used for the ablation process KrF excimer laser with a 20 ns pulse period and 30 Hz repetition rate, oven temperature 1100 ̊C, target composition: 0.6 at% Ni, 0.6 at% Co, 98.8 at% C (atomic percentage), 300 L/h nitrogen gas flow rate and a pressure of 500 Torr. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement results showed that the produced nanotubes have high length, narrow diameter distribution and contain low amount of amorphous carbon and metal catalyst particles.
Evaluation of the nutritional and sensory quality of functional breads produced from whole wheat and soya bean flour blends

The use of whole wheat and soybean flour blends in the production of functional breads was studied. The flour blends of whole wheat and soybean were composites at replacement levels of 10, 20, 30 and 40% while the whole wheat flour bread (sample A) served as control. The proximate composition of the various flour blends used for the preparation of the breads were determined using standard methods. The bread loaves were produced using the straight-dough procedure and were subsequently evaluated for their nutritional composition and sensory attributes. The physico-chemical analyses results obtained showed an increase in the range of 11.0% for moisture, 4.37% for protein, 2.40% for fat, 2.35% for crude fibre, 0.85% for ash and a decrease in carbohydrate and energy contents by 20.92 and 44.60% respectively. There was also a decrease in bread volume and dough expansion by 64.50 and 13.0% respectively, with progressive inclusion of the soybean flour. The sensory analysis showed that there was no significant difference observed between the whole wheat bread and the soy bread samples in the sensory attributes of crust colour and crumb appearance, While significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in texture, flavour and overall preference respectively. It was concluded that a substitution of 10% soy flour into wheat flour gave the bread with the best overall quality acceptability.