Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecologie évolutive des limites de niche : cas de l’adaptation à la salinité de l'artémie

Le concept de niche a ete defini par Hutchinson comme un espace multidimensionnel de variables environnementales ou l'espece survie. Au cours de ce travail, je me suis interessee a differentes limites conceptuelles et operationnelles du concept de niche. En m'appuyant sur le cas de l'adaptation a la salinite chez le genre Artemia – branchiopode extremophile – nous nous sommes interesses : (i) aux mecanismes a l'origine du maintien du polymorphisme genetique d'une large population clonale, qui m'a permis de m'interroger sur l'echelle utile a l'application du concept de niche ; (ii) a l'impact de la flore bacterienne sur l'adaptation de l'artemie aux faibles salinites, qui m'a permis d'evaluer plus globalement l'impact que les interactions biotiques peuvent avoir dans le contexte multidimensionnel de la niche ; (iii) aux effets de la plasticite et de la qualite d'habitat sur l'adaptation de l'artemie aux fortes salinites, qui pose des questions operationnelles sur l'evaluation de l'influence de ces facteurs sur la niche. Le travail detaille dans ce manuscrit s'appuie sur des methodologies variees et a apporte des elements de reponses aux problematiques posees. Tout d'abord, nous avons pu montrer que la diversite genetique d'une large population clonale etait structuree par des determinants environnementaux tels que la salinite ou la temperature. Ce travail a aussi montre que dans le cas d'une population asexuee, le concept de niche pouvait s'appliquer a un groupe d'individu genetiquement proche et pouvant (selon le mode de reproduction) appartenir a une lignee commune. Ensuite, nous avons montre que la niche de la flore intestinale de l'artemie facilite la digestion des algues, mais contraint leur tolerance aux faibles salinites. Il faut alors envisager que les interactions biotiques peuvent avoir differents effets (parfois meme contradictoires) sur les differents axes de la niche de l'espece focale. Enfin, nous avons apporte des solutions methodologiques pour evaluer separement l'impact de la plasticite et de la qualite d'habitat sur l'adaptation des artemies aux fortes salinites. Au final, nous avons apporte des solutions conceptuelles et/ou operationnelles permettant de solidifier le concept de niche qui est une notion cle en ecologie evolutive.
The effects of D-penicillamine on platelet functions in rheumatoid arthritis

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On Determination of the Double-Force Tensor of Point Defects in Cubic Crystals by Diffuse X-Ray Scattering

A systematic method is described for determining the double-force tensor of point defects in cubic crystals by analysing diffuse X-ray scattering in the immediate vicinity of Bragg reflections (Huang-scattering). Around a given reciprocal lattice point there may occur three types of isointensity surfaces depending on the symmetry of the defects: the “double-drop” type (“lemniscatoidal” with two sheets), the “apple-shaped” type (“lemniscatoidal” with one sheet) and the “single-bubble” type (“ellipsoidal”). The double-force tensor of point defects can be determined uniquely from Huang scattering if the defects are all equal and parallel. If the orientations of the defects are randomly distributed over equivalent directions of the lattice, information obtained from scattering intensity allows several double-force tensors. In this case even three selected points of the reciprocal lattice are sufficient to present all of the information which Huang scattering can give about the structure of the defects. Zur Bestimmung des Doppelkraft-Tensors von Punktdefekten in kubischen Kristallen wird ein systematisches Verfahren fur die Auswertung der diffusen Rontgenstreuung in der unmittelbaren Umgebung der Bragg-Reflexe (Huang-Streuung) angegeben. Um einen gegebenen reziproken Gitterpunkt konnen, je nach Symmetrie der Defekte, drei verschiedene Typen von Flachen gleicher Intensitat auftreten: doppeltropfenformige (zweischalig „lemniskatoidal”), apfelformige (einschalig „lemniskatoidal”) und blasenformige („ellipsoidal”). Der Doppelkraft-Tensor von Punktdefekten kann aus der Huang-Streuung eindeutig bestimmt werden, wenn die Defekte gleich sind und gleiche Orientierung haben. Sind die Orientierungen der Defekte statistisch uber aquivalente Kristallrichtungen verteilt, so ergeben sich aus der Kenntnis der Streuverteilung mehrere mogliche Doppelkraft-Tensoren. In diesem Fall enthalten schon drei ausgewahlte Punkte des reziproken Gitters die gesamte Information, die aus der Huang-Streuung uber die Struktur der Defekte zu gewinnen ist.
Post-16 physics and chemistry uptake: combining large-scale secondary analysis with in-depth qualitative methods

Quantitative secondary analysis of large-scale data can be combined with in-depth qualitative methods. In this paper, we discuss the role of this combined methods approach in examining the uptake of physics and chemistry in post compulsory schooling for students in England. The secondary data analysis of the National Pupil Database (NPD) served three distinct purposes in the design of this study. These included (1) determining the number of students in England who went on to take physics and chemistry post 16, (2) examining associations between school-level factors and physics and chemistry uptake, and (3) using the secondary data analysis to construct a sampling frame for the selection of the case study schools. Findings from the analysis of the NPD are presented along with a discussion of the limitations and advantages of using large-scale secondary data analysis in a combined methods study.
Kinetic Analysis of Photochromic Systems under Continuous Irradiation. Application to Spiropyrans

The kinetics of spiropyran photochromic systems in solution in a stirred batch reactor continuously irradiated with monochromatic light was studied by UV/visible spectrophotometry. The plots of absorbance vs time were analyzed, and the desired parameters (quantum yields, UV/visible spectrum of the unstable photomerocyanine, .) were extracted from an iterative computation which fitted the calculated curves to the experimental ones on the basis of a representative model of the reaction mechanism. The method was applied to spiro[benzothiazoline-2‘,2-benzopyran] whose corresponding photomerocyanine has a lifetime of 100 s in toluene; the two quantum yields of the direct process of photocoloration and the reverse reaction of photobleaching could be determined along with the spectrum of the corresponding photomerocyanine. To demonstrate the general nature of the photokinetic method, it was applied to the reaction of spiro[indoline-2‘,2-benzopyran], where the main photochromic process is accompanied by a photo.
Tailoring Molecular Precursors for Multicomponent Oxides

Simple ways to build up mixed-metal molecules which can act as potential single-source precursors to multimetallic oxides are reviewed. Emphasis is given to Lewis acid-base reactions metal alkoxides M(OR) n , and between metal alkoxides and more accessible oxide precursors, carboxylates M'(O₂CR) n and β-diketonates M'(β-dik) n . Characterization of the precursors is achieved in the solid state (single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR) and by multinuclear NMR in solution. The reactions proceed toward the formation of aggregates in which the different metals display their usual coordinations numbers, often six for transition metals, as shown. Strategies for fixing the stoichiometry between the metals are developed. The reactivity of the MM'species (dislocation, effects of chemical modifiers, of other metallic species, hydrolytic or non-hydrolytic condensation, etc.) will be indicated. Transformations into oxides are illustrated on precursors for titanates or niobates.
Conductivity degradation in oxygen‐aged polypyrrole

The conductivity of doped polypyrrole, as high as 100 Scm−1 in freshly prepared samples, falls slowly with time on exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Typically, the fall in conductivity is fairly slow at room temperature, but the process can be accelerated by heating samples and measuring the decrease in conductivity as a function of time. Analysis of the kinetics of this process shows a preliminary, 120 min regime in which a surface adsorption‐diffusion mechanism with an activation energy of 0.41 eV appears to mediate. Once a degree of adsorbate saturation is attained subsequent behavior is well described by standard bulk diffusion considerations and is activated at 0.48 eV. We propose a mechanism whereby oxygen adsorption onto the surfaces of the polymer fibrils and diffusion into the interior are respective rate limiting steps in the incorporation of oxygen into the closely cross‐linked mesh, blocking conducting pathways.
Use of Remote Sensing for Investigating Riparian Shrub Structures

Our paper presents a comparison of remote-sensing methods for evaluation of riparian shrub structures. Investigation involved three methods: leaf area index measurements (LAI-2000), hemispheric photography, and terrestrial laser scanning. Direct measurements using a digital slide caliper were chosen as a reference method. This paper firstly reviews the methodology of laboratory and field research. Additionally, an original method of calculating the volume and surface area of plants on the basis of laser scanning data has been proposed. The second part of paper concentrates on the comparison of plant structure coefficients determined with all investigated devices. In the case of the LAI Ring 5 index from LAI-2000 measurement as well as canopy openness of shrub (P), obtained on the basis of hemispheric photos, high linear dependence between them and cross-section covering coefficient ϖp from direct investigation were obtained. Volume and surface area of plants calculated on the basis of laser scanning in micro- and macrostructural approach were also compared to the analogous parameters obtained from direct measurements. In this case, the results strongly depend on the modeling parameters, but the proposed method seems to be prospective in this task.
Analysis of Argan Oil Adulteration Using Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT The determination of argan oil adulteration by other vegetable oils is a real analytical challenge. The authentication of argan oil needs fast and simple analytical techniques for quality control and testing. This study focuses on the detection and quantification of argan oil adulteration with different edible oils, using midinfrared spectroscopy with chemometrics. Chemometric treatment of MIR spectra has been assessed for the classification and quantification of argan oil adulteration with sunflower or soybean oils. The potential of MID spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression (PLS) as a rapid analytical technique for the quantitative determination of adulterants in argan oil has been demonstrated. A PLS model has been established to predict the concentration of soybean and sunflower oil as adulterants in the calibration range between 0% and 30% (w/w) in argan oil with good prediction performances in the external validation.
A facile method for the fabrication of superhydrophobic films with multiresponsive and reversibly tunable wettability

This paper presents a facile method of fabricating smart film surfaces with multiresponsive, reversibly tunable wettability. In this method, when poly(styrene-n-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid) (P(S-BA-AA)) was mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and then simply cast onto glass substrates, followed by drying at room temperature, intelligent films were formed. The as-obtained nanocomposite films not only exhibited very fast response to UV light, heat and pH, but also showed excellent reversibility. The formation mechanisms of the superhydrophobic films and their multiresponse were investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total (internal) reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE CATIONS AND SOLUTION IONIC STRENGTH ON FORMATION AND STABILITY OF SMECTITE‐PROTEIN COMPLEXES

Two proteins, lysozyme and ovalbumin, were adsorbed to smectite homoionic to first five elements of the alkali and the alkali earth series, hydrogen, aluminum, and lanthanum. Lysozyme was also adsorbed to Na-smectite in the presence of 10−3 to 2.0 N NaCl solutions. Lysozyme adsorption by all clays was of the high affinity type, with 93 percent of the variance in the adsorption maximum being accounted for by the equation Amax = 290.2–5.5 (valence) - 96.8 (ionic radius) - 114.3 (Pauling electronegativity) - 6.5 (ionization potential). Adsorption of lysozyme by Na-smectite was decreased when the reaction occurred in solution with NaCl concentrations of 0.5 N or above. Adsorption of ovalbumin by the smectites was of the constant partition type and pH dependent. All homoionic clays except those saturated with H and Be adsorbed similar amounts of ovalbumin. Attempts to desorb the two proteins were generally unsuccessful, indicating that stabile complexes had been formed.
Plate Height in Gas Chromatography

Equations for description of plate height in gas chromatography are examined with emphasis on the eddy diffusion term. Effects of pressure gradients are also examined. Experimental data using full, half, and quarter columns at high inlet to outlet pressure ratios are presented. The significance of various plate height equations and their parameters can be established from these data. (J.R.D.)
Polyelectrolyte brush layers studied by surface forces measurement: Dependence on pH and salt concentrations and scaling

Interactions between opposed brush layers of polyelectrolytes ionized poly(l-glutamic acid) (PLGA) or poly(l-lysine) (PLL) in water were directly investigated using surface forces measurement. The brush layers were prepared by the Langmuir−Blodgett deposition of amphiphiles bearing PLGA (degree of polymerization n = 21, 44, and 48) or PLL (n = 41 and 52) as hydrophilic groups. The density of polyelectrolyte chains was around 0.4 chain/nm2. Surface force profiles, consisting of a long-range electrical double layer repulsion and a short-range steric repulsion, were measured and analyzed with varying pH, salt concentration, and polyelectrolyte chain length. The surface potential obtained from the double layer repulsion indicated that nearly all of the ionized groups in the brush layers were neutralized by counterions. In the case of PLGA, the steric repulsion of the brush layer increased with increasing pH from 9 to 10, reflecting the increase in the ionization degree of the carboxylic groups, and then decre.
Aksi Game Berbasis Brain Computer Interface dengan Spektral Daya dan Learning Vector Quantization

Dalam video game dibutuhkan interaksi antara pengguna dengan sistem dalam mengendalikan pergerakan karakter pada game tersebut melalui sebuah controller. Namun untuk orang dengan keterbatasan fisik, controller menjadi sebuah halangan untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan sistem. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasinya yaitu menggunakan Brain Computer Interface (BCI) yang pada perkembangannnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian karakter pada video game. BCI terdiri dari komponen input dari sinyal otak, komponen output berupa perintah dan komponen intermediate. Persoalan utama BCI terletak pada komponen intermediate yang biasanya menggunakan Elektroensephalogram (EEG). Bentuk sinyal EEG pada setiap orang dapat bervariasi dan kompleks tergantung kondisi kesehatan, emosional, usia, mental dan aktivitas. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu menggunakan sinyal EEG untuk menggerakkan video game pada perangkat mobile, menggerakkan kursor dan mengendalikan robot. Kontrol gerak EEG sebelumnya menggunakan kondisi emosional, namun kondisi emosional tidak menggambarkan aksi karakter secara nyata. Penelitian ini telah membuat sistem kontrol gerak karakter menggunakan sinyal EEG yang diimplementasikan pada video game dengan aksi karakter setiap 1 detik. Dalam proses akuisisi data yang dilakukan terhadap 10 Naracoba selama 1 menit dengan 3 kali perulangan, Naracoba membayangkan 3 gerakan bergantian setiap 5 detik. Hasil akurasi dari 360 set data latih sebesar 77% dan data baru menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 67%.
Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium of Ternary Systems of Cyclohexane + (Benzene, + Toluene, + Ethylbenzene, or + o-Xylene) + 4-Methyl-N-butyl Pyridinium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid at 303.15 K

Liquid−liquid equilibrium data are critical for designing the extraction equipment or calculating the thermodynamic limit of a given separation. In this work, the LLE data were measured for the cyclohexane + (benzene, + toluene, + ethylbenzene, or + o-xylene) + 4-methyl-N-butyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([bmpy]BF4) systems at 303.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The consistency of the measured LLE data was tested using the Othmer−Tobias correlation and the root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) in the mass fraction of [bmpy]BF4 in the lower phase and the average value of the absolute difference (AAD) between experimental mass fraction of cyclohexane in the upper phase and that calculated using the Othmer−Tobias correlation.
Studies of Wax Deposition Onset in the Case of Indian Crude Oil

Abstract Before taking any decision regarding strategies for prevention and remediation of wax deposition problems in the production tubing, pipeline, and process equipment, it is essential to identify the conditions of wax deposition and to predict wax deposition rates. In this article a study on the prediction of wax deposition, different factors affecting the deposition, and the practical applications of laboratory results obtained for characterization of the Indian crude oils have been presented. The waxy crude characterization study was performed on both stock tank crude oil and recombined integrated crude oil. The results of it exemplify the influence of composition, temperature, and pressure on the solid behavior of Indian paraffinic crudes.
A Note on Sampled-Data Synchronization of Memristor Networks Subject to Actuator Failures and Two Different Activations

This brief is concerned with the drive-response synchronization problem of memristor networks subject to actuator failures and two different activations via sampled-data (SD) control strategy. By using $\delta $ -matrix measure method and Halanay inequality technique, the sufficient conditions for global exponential synchronization of driving-response memristor systems are obtained. Unlike the existing works, the common Lyapunov functionals are not employed, but two simple and general stability criteria are derived. Particularly, the established criteria are easier to demonstrate and execute in practice than the relevant results. And in order to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed theoretical results, a numerical simulation is finally provided.
Characterization of Some Agricultural Soils: Presence and Activity of Tilemsi Rock Phosphate-Solubilizing Thiobacilli

The bacteria Thiobacillus thioparus, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus ferooxidans are known to be able to oxidize elemental sulfur in soils and influence phosphorus solubilization. These bacteria can solubilize the phosphorus of apatite rock by producing sulfuric acid from the oxidation of elemental sulfur and some sulphide. We think that the capacity of these bacteria can be exploited to set up a biophosphate from Tilemsi natural rock phosphate exploited in Mali. This work aims to identify, isolate and characterize Tilemsi rock phosphate (TRP) solubilizing Thiobacillus strains in various agricultural soils. Obtained results showed that the analyzed soils are poor in Thiobacillus and that the quantity of acid produced and TRP solubilized is directly proportional to the growth of these bacteria.
A Educação da criatividade

Many have been the myths that have been generated around the concept of creativity and prevented for a long time its scientific deepening. Reflect on the education‘s creativity will involve defining the concept limits, the dimensions to its approach, the relationship established between them, contributing in this way to a better understanding of the phenomenon, knowing the cognitive skills, as well as the creative attitudes consolidating this complex and cross capability to all areas of knowledge. Let's see what the science, in this very moment, informs us about this capability and how their study could and should be integrated into the curricula of all education ́s levels, contributing to the promotion of creative thinking, necessary to all areas of knowledge, which will contribute innovation and social development.
Global Phosphorus Scarcity and Full-Scale P-Recovery Techniques: A Review

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all life on earth. However, natural P resources (phosphate rock) are depleting. The authors describe the current situation and a forecast for future phosphate production and reserves. The current depletion of phosphate reserves and the increasingly stringent discharge regulations have led to the development of various P-recovery techniques from wastewater. Existing full-scale P-recovery techniques from the liquid phase, sludge phase, and sludge ash are reviewed. Although the full-scale P-recovery techniques have been shown to be technologically feasible, the economical feasibility, legislation and national policies are the major reasons why these techniques are not yet operational worldwide.
Depth filtration : Fundamental investigation through three-dimensional trajectory analysis

A mathematical model (array of spheres or AOS Model) of aqueous depth filtration was developed using trajectory analysis performed on a porous media model comprised of a face-centered cubic packing of spheres. To extend removal efficiency predictions beyond the grain-size scale and take into account the presence of densely and sparsely packed regions in an actual filter bed, a parallel deficit porosity compensation scheme was developed and applied. A correlation for single collector efficiency was developed from trajectory results and, using the parallel deficit porosity compensation scheme, compared to an existing model and experimental results. Although the model discussed herein was developed with the intent of advancing the understanding of depth filtration, this work offers tools for investigating and insights into particle fate and transport in other circumstances, e.g., groundwater aquifers. This model represents the first use of a porous media model that explicitly accounts for grain contact point.