Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Small Pulmonary Arteries to Unilobar Hypoxia and Hypercapnia

We measured the internal diameters of small muscular pulmonary arteries in the right and left lower lobes of lungs rapidly frozen in the anesthetized, open-thorax cat. In every cat the right lower lobe was ventilated with the test gas and all other lobes were ventilated with O2. In 4 cats, the test gas supplied to the right lower lobe was also O2 (control experiments); in 6, it was 100% N2 and in 6 it was 90% N2–10% CO2. In the 4 controls, there was no difference between the internal diameters of corresponding arteries in the right and left lower lobes. In the other 12 cats, there was a highly significant decrease in the diameter of arteries in the right lower lobe that correlated well with a large decrease in blood flow to that lobe, calculated using a shunt equation. Ventilation of the right lower lobe with 10% CO2 in air (4 cats) did not affect the diameter of arteries and ligation of the pulmonary artery to the right lower lobe resulted in only a slight decrease in arterial dimensions in 3 of 4 cats. These data show that in regional alveolar hypoxia without systemic hypoxia the muscular pulmonary arteries of the terminal respiratory units in the hypoxic region actively constrict. The constriction occurs with or without alveolar hypercapnia.
Improving clinical cognitive testing

Objective: To evaluate the evidence basis of single-domain cognitive tests frequently used by behavioral neurologists in an effort to improve the quality of clinical cognitive assessment. Methods: Behavioral Neurology Section members of the American Academy of Neurology were surveyed about how they conduct clinical cognitive testing, with a particular focus on the Neurobehavioral Status Exam (NBSE). In contrast to general screening cognitive tests, an NBSE consists of tests of individual cognitive domains (e.g., memory or language) that provide a more comprehensive diagnostic assessment. Workgroups for each of 5 cognitive domains (attention, executive function, memory, language, and spatial cognition) conducted evidence-based reviews of frequently used tests. Reviews focused on suitability for office-based clinical practice, including test administration time, accessibility of normative data, disease populations studied, and availability in the public domain. Results: Demographic and clinical practice data were obtained from 200 respondents who reported using a wide range of cognitive tests. Based on survey data and ancillary information, between 5 and 15 tests in each cognitive domain were reviewed. Within each domain, several tests are highlighted as being well-suited for an NBSE. Conclusions: We identified frequently used single-domain cognitive tests that are suitable for an NBSE to help make informed choices about clinical cognitive assessment. Some frequently used tests have limited normative data or have not been well-studied in common neurologic disorders. Utilizing standardized cognitive tests, particularly those with normative data based on the individual's age and educational level, can enhance the rigor and utility of clinical cognitive assessment.
Development of an Efficient, Lightweight Switched-Mode Power Supply for Telecommunications Network Use

This paper discusses the development of an efficient, lightweight switched-mode power supply (SMPS) for reducing cost and energy consumption and for simplifying essential maintenance procedures at small telephone offices. This SMPS consists of a voltage regulator, control circuits, protection circuits and five rectifier units including one redundant unit. Each rectifier unit weighs only 9 kg and can be handled by one person during maintenance. These features are realized through the employment of a single-ended forward-type 20-kHz conversion circuit. Furthermore, an effective decrease in rectifier unit weight and power loss is accomplished by designing the input filter to suppress high-frequency voltage ripple only, while designing for low-frequency voltage ripple to be absorbed in the conversion circuits. The efficiency of each rectifier unit is maximized by developing and using a new high-speed, high-voltage transistor for the conversion circuit and by improving the winding methods used in fabricating the transformer and the inductor, as well as by a loss reduction technique for the input filter. Accordingly, this SMPS can convert 200-volt, three-phase AC power to 48-volt DC with better than 90% efficiency, and it can supply output power up to 5 kW.
Effect of Flapping Frequency and Leading Edge Profile on Airfoil Leading Edge Vortical Structures

By varying leading edge geometry to wing profiles during flapping flight, Ozen and Rockwell observed a pattern of alternating spanwise vortices which minimized spanwise flow. As a follow up study to [1], this investigation explored the effect of flapping frequency on these previously observed streamwise vortical structures. By increasing the flapping frequency, the alternating streamwise vortices resulting from a sinusoidal leading edge became stretched in the path of the wing due to an increase of wing cross-radial velocity. The streamwise vortices are shown to minimize spanwise flow even after being stretched. Instabilities were formed at higher flapping frequencies (f = 0.2 Hz) due to velocity shear generated by the large cross-radial velocity. These instabilities began to break down the alternating streamwise vortices resulting in the development of a different flow structure including an increase of spanwise flow. Keywords—flapping flight, sinusoidal leading edge, vortex generator, spanwise flow, streamwise vortex, passive flow control
COALESCENCE: The Inevitable Fate of Data Processing

Cascading inventions and innovations in computer and communications technologies. and other technologies in the field of electronics and physics. have spawned numerous devices that represent a coalescence. or merging. of both technological and occupational functions. The one common thread in this process is the data resource, the raw material that these devices collect,process, and communicate. Computers and peripheral equipment permeate every part of the organization. and communications have shrunk the size of the organization. Even whole industries are going through the technological coalescence process. One result is to force a new look at the meaning of management information system. The MIS manager has the opportunity to recognize the changes taking place. and to assume the leadership in managing the firm's data resources and all that implies.To ignore this challenge is to invite the coalescence of the MIS manager into some other data-related organization.
SERUM β2 MICROGLOBULIN AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE 2 ISOENZYME AS MARKERS OF BONE MARROW INFILTRATION IN NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA -

Objective: To determine the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase 2 (LD2) Isoenzyme and β2 microglobulin (β2m) in patients of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and to correlate these levels in NHL patients with and without bone marrow infiltration. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore and Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), Lahore, from 2008 to 2010. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 subjects irrespective of age and sex and divided into three groups i.e. group A comprising 20 normal healthy controls, group B 30 patients of NHL without bone marrow infiltration while group C consisted of 30 NHL patients with bone marrow infiltration. Serum β2m and LD2 isoenzyme levels were determined in the subjects and the values were compared with healthy age and sex matched controls. The estimations were made prior to the institution of chemotherapy. Results: Serum β2 microglobulin and LD2 levels were significantly raised in NHL patients compared with controls. There was also significant difference when the values were compared between the patients of NHL with and without bone marrow infiltration. Conclusion: The levels of β2m and LD2 showed positive correlation with the extent of the disease, so we conclude that non-invasive parameters are useful indicator of the extent of the disease.
Demonstration of single-event effects induced by through-wafer two-photon absorption

The first demonstration of through-wafer two-photon absorption (TPA) single-event effects (SEEs) testing is presented. We interrogate the single-event transient (SET) response of several different nodes of the LM124 operational amplifier via TPA carrier injection through both the front and back (substrate) chip surfaces. The results reveal that the SETs and sensitivities produced in several different nodes by front-side and back-side irradiation are effectively identical, confirming the validity of this approach for SEE studies.
Beamforming with superposition coding in multiple antenna satellite communications

In this paper, we study an optimization algorithm for beamforming with superposition coding (SCBF) and its application to multiple antenna satellite communication systems. Motivated by the channel asymmetries that are caused by both the variability of the physical channel conditions and the heterogeneity among the satellite terminals, we propose to implement SCBF in the forward link of a multi-beam satellite system. Unlike existing orthogonal transmission schemes, we multiplex multiple users' information in the power domain through SCBF in order to utilize time and spectrum resources more efficiently. To facilitate non-orthogonal multiplexing transmission in an energy efficient manner, we solve a minimum power optimization problem. Dedicated algorithms with low computational complexities are then designed to find globally optimal solutions in all scenarios. Finally, we extend our method to the computation of the rate region problem.
Nonfasting plasma total homocysteine levels and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly Framingham men and women.

BACKGROUND Elevated fasting total homocysteine (tHcy) levels were recently shown to confer an independent risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among selected Norwegian patients with confirmed coronary heart disease. We examined whether elevated fasting plasma tHcy levels were predictive of all-cause and CVD mortality in a large, population-based sample of elderly US women and men. METHODS Nonfasting plasma tHcy levels were determined in 1933 elderly participants (mean age, 70 +/- 7 years; 58.9% women) from the original Framingham Study cohort, examined between 1979 and 1982, with follow-up through 1992. Unadjusted and adjusted (ie, for age, sex, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine) relative risk estimates (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for total and CVD mortality were generated by proportional hazards modeling, with tHcy levels (quartiles) as the independent variable. RESULTS There were 653 total deaths and 244 CVD deaths during a median follow-up of 10.0 years. Proportional hazards modeling revealed that tHcy levels of 14.26 micromol/L or greater (the upper quartile), vs less than 14.26 micromol/L (the lower three quartiles), were associated with relative risk estimates of 2.18 (95% CI, 1.86-2.56) and 2.17 (95% CI, 1.68-2.82) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The relative risk estimates after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels attenuated these associations, but they remained significant: 1.54 (95% CI, 1.31-1.82) for all-cause mortality; 1.52 (95% CI, 1.16-1.98) for CVD mortality. CONCLUSION Elevated nonfasting plasma tHcy levels are independently associated with increased rates of all-cause and CVD mortality in the elderly.
Un état des lieux sur les données massives

Les donnees massives sont partout. Elles sont de plus en plus identifiees et collectees a des fins strategiques pour les entreprises ou de mesure des risques pour les gouvernements. L'exploitation des donnees massives introduit des changements importants dans nos societes. Nous sommes aujourd'hui au debut d'une veritable revolution industrielle. Avec de nouvelles opportunites apparaissent aussi de nouveaux enjeux et de nouveaux risques. Les donnees massives ont une citoyennete juridique, politique, morale et economique. Ce rapport souligne que la territorialite des donnees est un enjeu important en ce debut de XXIe siecle. Ce rapport est un etat des lieux au debut de l'annee 2014. Il ne se veut pas exhaustif et ne peut l'etre. Les avancees technologiques vont tellement vite qu'il faudra continuer a contempler la revolution en marche. Les references bibliographiques retenues sont celles que l'on pouvait regrouper sous les thematiques choisies dans ce rapport. C'est une toute nouvelle litterature qui n'en est qu'a ses debuts et l'avenir est sans aucun doute prometteur. Les donnees massives sont une innovation radicale de procede.
Selective triple Modular redundancy (STMR) based single-event upset (SEU) tolerant synthesis for FPGAs

We present a design technique for hardening combinational circuits mapped onto Xilinx Virtex FPGAs against single-event upsets (SEUs). The signal probabilities of the lines can be used to detect SEU sensitive subcircuits of a given combinational circuit. The circuit can be hardened against SEUs by selectively applying triple modular redundancy (STMR) to these sensitive subcircuits. However, there is an increase in the number of the voter circuits required for the STMR circuits. Virtex has abundant number of tri-state buffers that can be employed to construct SEU immune majority voter circuits. We also present a SEU fault insertion simulator designed to introduce errors representing SEUs in the circuits. STMR method is thoroughly tested on MCNC'91 benchmarks. With a small loss of SEU immunity, the proposed STMR method can greatly reduce the area overhead of the hardened circuit when compared to the state-of-the-art triple modular redundancy (TMR). STMR method along with the readback and reconfiguration feature of Virtex can result in very high SEU immunity.
Criteria of Wiener Type for Minimally Thin Sets and Rarefied Sets Associated with the Stationary Schrödinger Operator in a Cone

We give some criteria for a-minimally thin sets and a-rarefied sets associated with the stationary Schrodinger operator at a fixed Martin boundary point or ∞ with respect to a cone. Moreover, we show that a positive superfunction on a cone behaves regularly outside an a-rarefied set. Finally we illustrate the relation between the a-minimally thin set and the a-rarefied set in a cone.
[Adrenal insufficiency in corticosteroids use: systematic review and meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate pooled percentages of patients with adrenal insufficiency after treatment with corticosteroids for various conditions in a meta-analysis. Secondly, we aimed to stratify the results by route of administration, disease, treatment dose, and duration. METHOD We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and CINAHL/Academic Search Premier) in February 2014 to identify potentially relevant studies. Original articles testing adult corticosteroid users for adrenal insufficiency were eligible. RESULTS We included 74 articles with a total of 3753 participants. Stratified by administration form, percentages of patients with adrenal insufficiency ranged from 4.2% for nasal administration (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-28.9) to 52.2% for intra-articular administration (95% CI, 40.5-63.6). Stratified by disease, percentages ranged from 6.8% for asthma with inhalation corticosteroids only (95% CI, 3.8-12.0) to 60.0% for hematological malignancies (95% CI, 38.0-78.6). The risk also varied according to dose from 2.4% (95% CI, 0.6-9.3) (low dose) to 21.5% (95% CI, 12.0-35.5) (high dose), and according to treatment duration from 1.4% (95% CI, 0.3-7.4) (<28 d) to 27.4% (95% CI, 17.7-39.8) (>1 year) in asthma patients. CONCLUSION 1) Adrenal insufficiency after discontinuation of glucocorticoid occurs frequently; 2) there is no administration form, dosing, treatment duration, or underlying disease for which adrenal insufficiency can be excluded with certainty, although higher dose and longer use give the highest risk; 3) the threshold to test corticosteroid users for adrenal insufficiency should be low in clinical practice, especially for those patients with nonspecific symptoms after cessation.
Wireless Headstage for Neural Prosthetics

The continuous monitoring of electrical brain activity with implanted electrodes is essential for understanding the neural substrates of many physiological and pathological brain functions. Although this is done in some patients before undergoing surgical treatment, such recordings are extremely difficult in experimental animals, particularly in small rodents. The wires from the implanted electrodes restrain and interfere with the natural behavior of the animals. Consequently, it has been impossible to correlate truly normal behavior with neuronal activity. In addition, it would be ideal if brain activity could be monitored while animals live in a natural and enriched environment. A neural prosthetic device is comprised of a hardware system that records neural activity from the brain and then decodes it into control signals that in turn can be used to move robotic devices or muscles. Today's neural prosthetic devices typically use tethered headstage connections that interface the brain headstage electronics to the remote spike sorting processors located at the controlled devices. In this paper we present the circuits, layouts and test data for a multi-channel wireless headstage system which includes the headstage transmitter and receiver components
Comportement et modélisation de la craie

Le but de la these est d'etudier le comportement des craies en vue de leur modelisation. Dans un premier temps nous analysons l'influence de la porosite, la teneur en argile et en silice, des fluides de saturation sur les caracteristiques mecaniques pour aboutir sur une methode de classification des craies. Ensuite, nous nous attachons au comportement mecanique pour mettre en evidence l'influence des parametres precedents sur le comportement de la craie sous des chargements les plus divers et discuter et preciser les notions de contrainte effective et de consolidation dans la craie. Apres une presentation de modeles, issus de la mecanique des sols, susceptibles d'etre retenus pour la craie ; les resultats experimentaux obtenus en laboratoire de 4 craies a porosite etalee soumises a des sollicitations hydrostatiques deviatoriques oedometriques et proportionnelles sont compares a ceux d'une argile surconsolidee. Les modeles de lade et desai sont retenus pour modeliser le comportement de la craie. Apres une etude de calibration et de sensibilite des parametres de ces modeles, il apparait que le modele de lade est celui qui est le plus adapte au cas de la craie. Une modelisation numerique du comportement de la craie sous sollicitation par la methode des elements finis en utilisant le modele de lade et une derivee materielle jaumann
Recognizing entities across protocols with unified UUID discovery and asymmetric keys

The Internet-of-Things vision introduces scenarios composed of many devices and protocols, in order to support real world user interactions. This also brought a fractured vision, since it is hard to extend communication over diverse technologies, even for communication with the same devices. In this paper we propose to address the fractured loT ecosystem using a UUID based discovery layer that allows recognising entities across different protocols. By using asymmetric keys as the basis for a UUID device identification namespace, we provide a stable identification layer that enables recognizing entities (devices) across protocols and simultaneously retaining a security context over different protocols. We use this identification and discovery layer as the basis for an integrated framework where communication between devices can happen over any available channel or technology. The framework is instantiated in an experimental prototype, used to assess the pragmatic changes and overall impact of using a cross-protocol identification scheme.
Comparison of the seroprevalence of human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a virus that induces human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV)‐like illnesses, ranging from upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The 100 serum samples from children aged 1 month to 5 years were tested for the presence of hMPV and hRSV antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and a neutralizing‐antibody assay, respectively. The seroprevalence of hMPV was significantly lower than that of hRSV in children over 4‐months‐old (43% vs. 60%, P < 0.025), and the difference was particularly notable between the ages of 4 months and 1 year (11% vs. 48%, P = 0.006). The results suggest that primary infection with hMPV occurs somewhat later than that with hRSV. J. Med. Virol. 72:304–306, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An exclusive version locking scheme in Internet-based real-time group editors

This paper proposes an exclusive version locking scheme for consistency maintenance in Internet-based real-time collaborative editing environments. With this scheme, it is not necessary to propagate lock requests over the network. Locks will be automatically enforced by the system in a distributed way. The scheme supports concurrent editing on the same object by multi-versioning. Individual users' concurrent conflicting intentions are accommodated in different versions. Each version is guaranteed to be exclusively locked by one user such that conflict resolution processes among users can be eased. Technically, version locking protocols are devised to preserve the atomicity of a user's multiple intentions on the same object.
Senile plaques do not induce susceptibility effects in T 2*‐weighted MR microscopic images

Senile plaques are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They typically range from 16 to 150 µm in size with most less than 25 µm. Mechanisms by which they might affect MR contrast and thus be made visible in this imaging modality are still unknown. Plausibility studies suggested that they might have a different magnetic susceptibility than surrounding tissue. A large difference would cause the plaque and a relatively large volume of adjacent tissue to be hypo‐intense in T2*‐weighted MRI scans, thus causing them to appear larger than their actual sizes and perhaps visible even when their size is below the nominal resolution limit of the imaging experiment. To evaluate this hypothesis, formalin‐fixed superior temporal gyrus samples obtained from two Alzheimer's disease and two control subjects were imaged using magnetic resonance microscopy at 11.7 T. Three dimensional T2*‐weighted gradient echo images were recorded with an isotropic resolution of 23.4 µm. The imaging protocol was especially sensitive to susceptibility effects. Samples were then stained for amyloid and/or iron deposits. Hypo‐ and hyper‐intense structures were clearly visible in MR images from all samples. Hyper‐intense structures reflected fixative penetration within the vascular system. Almost all the hypo‐intense structures were blood vessels. Their hypo‐intense profile was probably caused by iron deposits associated with the cell aggregates that they contained. Only one hypo‐intense spot could be matched with a plaque and this was one of the largest plaques in our samples. The remainder of the several hundred plaques were not visible in MR images. In histological slices the senile plaques were often larger than small blood vessels that were visible in the MR images. This suggests that susceptibility effects are not associated with senile plaques and do not provide a mechanism to differentiate them from surrounding tissue. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.