Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of efficiency droop in AlGaN based deep UV LEDs using double side graded electron blocking layer

We have envisaged and designed a novel III-V nitride based deep ultraviolet light emitting diode (LED) with reasonably high efficiency at higher current density using a double-side grading in electron blocking layer (EBL). Double-side step- and linear-grading in EBL yield better performance attributable to improved hole injection, stifled electron overflow and diminished electrostatic field in the active region. The performance curves indicate that double sided linear grading in EBL has 5.63 times enhancement in power compared to the conventional LED and the efficiency droop is as low as 15% at the current density of 200 A cm−2 for the emission wavelength of ∼273 nm.
Human Stefins And Cystatins

Preface Human cystatins -- Similarities, diversity and classification Structural and protease inhibitory features of cystatins Alternative functions for cystatin B implicated by its interaction with proteins other than proteases Conclusions on the mechanism of protein folding from stefins and cystatins studies Cystatin C domain-swapping and amyloid angiopathy: a general mechanism for the formation of amyloid fibrils The mechanism of amyloid-fibrillation -- stefin B as a good model protein Cystatin C role in Alzheimer disease: from neurodegeneration to neuroregeneration Cystatins in the cells of the immune system -- a current Stefin B (cystatin B) as the gene whose defect causes EPM1 syndrome Role of cystatins and stefins in cancer Cystatin C, a potential marker in various pathophysiological conditions Index.
Carrier Based Bioformulations of PGPR- Characteristics, Shelf life and Application in Improving Health Status of Crop Plants- a Mini Review

The thin layer of soil (about 1 to 2mm thick) surrounding crop roots and the volume of soil occupied by roots is known as the rhizosphere. Plant growth results from interaction of roots and shoots with the environment. The environment for roots is the soil or planting medium which provide structural support as well as water and nutrients to the plant. Roots also support the growth and functions of a complex of microorganisms that can have a profound effect on the growth and survival of plants. These microorganisms constitute rhizosphere microflora and can be categorized as deleterious, beneficial, or neutral with respect to root/plant health. Beneficial interactions between roots and microbes are common in rhizosphere and can be enhanced. Increased plant growth and crop yield can be obtained upon inoculating seeds or roots with certain specific root-colonizing bacteria- plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Isolation of microorganisms, screening for desirable characters, selection of efficient strains and production of inocula are important steps for making use of this microbe-based technology. One of the common means of application of bacterial inoculants to soil is in the form of bioformulations. However, for easy handling of such bacteria, it is necessary to pack such bacteria in inert materials which can also be packaged and stored. The review presented below has been compiled mainly on important aspect on development of bioformulations of beneficial bacteria.
Chemotherapy-Induced Fulminant, Severe Hyperactive Delirium in A Patient with A New Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is an incurable haematological malignancy with complex pathogenesis, affecting mostly the elderly and characterized by the presence of monoclonal plasma cells within the bone marrow secreting an abnormal immunoglobulin, which results in gammapathy with organ or tissue injury. The chemotherapy used for the treatment of multiple myeloma causes various adverse effects, including serious psychiatric and cognitive problems, which pose a significant challenge to the clinician, present an impact on the quality of patient’s life and augment hospital stays and health care costs. We reported a clinical case of 73-year-old women with new diagnosed multiple myeloma developing severe, rapidly progressing and persisting hyperactive delirium with psychotic symptoms and mania-episodes during Velcade-Revlimid-Dexamethasone-based treatment. We discuss possible causes, clinical presentation, treatment and deficits maintained after recovery. Our report demonstrates the rare possibility of an association between chemotherapy and the development of combined psychiatric disorders.
Internalized transphobia and mental health among transgender adults: A nationwide cross-sectional survey in South Korea.

Introduction: Transgender people are stigmatized in South Korea (hereafter Korea), where cultural expectations of a biologically-based, binary sex and gender system present fundamental challenges to those whose gender identity does not align with their birth-assigned sex. A growing international body of literature implicates gender minority stress as a key contributor to transgender mental health disparities, but little research has been conducted on this topic in Korea. As in other cultural settings, depression and suicidality are urgent public health concerns for transgender people in Korea, primarily for those who have not initiated gender affirming medical treatment (GAMT), such as cross-sex hormone therapy. In the current study, an international and interdisciplinary team of authors apply the lens of gender minority stress to elucidate the relationships between a key facet of gender minority stress, internalized transphobia (ITP), and outcomes of depressive symptoms and suicidality. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional survey of 207 Korean transgender adults, the current study evaluates the relationships between ITP and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. ITP was measured with an eight-item, Korean-language questionnaire adapted from the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure through a translation and back-translation process. Results: Korean trans women and trans men mean (mean age = 26.4) were included in the analysis, most of whom had at least one experience of any GAMT. The findings of this study show that Korean transgender adults face similar public health concerns such as high prevalence of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. As predicted, ITP was significantly related to depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The authors suggest potential clinical, policy, and research applications, including institutional interventions, to address structural and cultural barriers to optimal mental health and GAMT as well as mental health interventions to reduce Korean transgender people's internalized negative beliefs about their gender identity.
Spectrogram Analysis Via Self-Attention for Realizing Cross-Model Visual-Audio Generation

Human cognition is supported by the combination of multimodal information from different sources of perception. The two most important modalities are visual and audio. Cross-modal visual-audio generation enables the synthesis of data from one modality following the acquisition of data from another. This brings about the full experience that can only be achieved through the combination of the two. In this paper, the Self-Attention mechanism is applied to cross-modal visual-audio generation for the first time. This technique is implemented to assist in the analysis of the structural characteristics of the spectrogram. A series of experiments are conducted to discover the best performing configuration. The post-experimental comparison shows that the Self-Attention module greatly improves the generation and classification of audio data. Furthermore, the presented method achieves results that are superior to existing cross-modal visual-audio generative models.
Biotic Interactions in the Tropics: An overview of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition, distribution and host effects from a tropical moist forest

Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Zygomycetes) are an ancient group, dating back to the invasion of land surfaces by plants. Currently, they are perhaps the most abundant soil fungi, and they form intimate relationships with the roots of the vast majority of terrestrial plant species across the planet. These fungal symbionts generally play a mutualistic role, aiding the host plant primarily by enhancing the acquisition of soil nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P). In addition, AMF species often affect plant hormone production/induction (Allen et al. 1980), resistance to root pathogens (Newsham et al. 1995); water uptake (Kyllo et al. 2003) and soil structure (Andrade et al. 1998; Rillig & Allen 1999). In return, all AMF species obligately depend on the host plant for photosynthetically fixed carbon. Given their obligate dependence, AMF are influenced by their hosts at essentially every phase in their life history – hyphal development, sporulation and spore germination (Hetrick & Bloom 1986; Sanders & Fitter 1992; Bever et al. 1996). On the other hand, the degree of mycorrhizal dependence often varies widely among the host plant species in a community (Janos 1980a; Azcon & Ocampo 1981; Hetrick et al. 1992; Kiers et al. 2000). A central and still largely unanswered question is the degree to which host plant and AMF species influence each other’s community composition in natural systems. Fundamentally, for community effects to occur, different combinations
Understanding rumen microbial growth effectiveness to improve digestive efficiency of ruminants

Ruminant animals, such as sheep, cattle and goats, are important livestock animals and acquire much of their protein from microbes growing in the rumen. These microbes do not use all energy for growth, but probably direct some energy towards storage (glycogen synthesis), maintenance, and production of heat alone(energy spilling). Whereas stored energy (glycogen) can be used later for growth, energy directed towards maintenance and spilling cannot. Energy spilling and maintenance thus depress efficiency of microbial growth, decrease microbial protein available to the ruminant, and cause need for more protein to be fed to ruminants. Although glycogen synthesis, maintenance, and energy spilling have been measured using pure cultures of bacteria, they have not been simultaneously measured in mixed rumen microbes. The purpose of this study was to measure how much energy mixed rumen microbes direct towards glycogen synthesis, maintenance, and energy spilling. Washed suspensions of mixed microbes were prepared from rumen fluid of a dairy cow. Microbes were dosed with either 5 mM or 20 mM glucose and aliquots of culture sampled at various time increments. Heat production (using a microcalorimeter), free glucose, cell glycogen, and cell protein were measured. Results showed that mixed rumen microbes initially direct energy entirely towards maintenance and glycogen synthesis, but, over time, they spilt progressively more energy. This shows that the growth efficiency of microbes is not perfectly efficient and if we can reduce the amount of energy spilled my mixed microbes, we would be able to improve the energy efficiency of ruminant livestock operations.
Structural Origin for the Transcriptional Activity of Human p53

Transcriptional activation domains are known to be inherently "unstructured" with no tertiary structure. A recent NMR study, however, has shown that the transactivation domain in human p53 is populated with an amphipathic helix and two nascent turns. This suggests that the presence of such local secondary structures within the overall "unstructured" structural framework is a general feature of acidic transactivation domains. These pre-existing local structures in p53, formed selectively by positional conserved hydrophobic residues that are known to be critical for transcriptional activity, thus appear to constitute the specific structural motifs that regulate recognition of the p53 transactivation domain by target proteins. Here, we report the results of a NMR structural comparison between the native human p53 transactivation domain and an inactive mutant (22L,23W22R,23S). Results show that the mutant has an identical overall structural topology as the native protein, to the extent that the amphipathic helix formed by the residues 18T 26L within the native p53 transactivating domain is preserved in the double mutant. Therefore, the lack of transcriptional activity in the double mutant should be ascribed to the disruption of the essential hydrophobic contacts between the p53 transactivation domain and target proteins due to the (22L,23W22R,23S) mutation.
Effect of temperature on primary infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae and initiation of clubroot symptoms

A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in root hairs of Shanghai pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and on initiation of clubroot symptoms. Ten-day-old seedlings were grown in liquid-sand culture, inoculated with resting spores and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Seedlings were harvested at 2-day intervals, starting 2 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until swelling of the tap root was observed (maximum 28 days). Roots were assessed for root hair infection (RHI), stage of development of infection (primary plasmodia, zoosporangia, release of zoospores, secondary plasmodia), symptom development, and for clubroot severity at 24 DAI. Temperature affected every stage of clubroot development; RHI was highest and visual symptoms initiated earliest at 25°C, intermediate at 20 and 30°C, and lowest and latest at 15 and 10°C. Root hair infection was observed at every temperature, but clubroot symptoms developed only above 15°C. A substantial delay in the development of the pathogen was observed at 10 and 15°C. No symptoms were observed at 28 DAI in plants grown at 10°C. Swelling of the tap root was visible at 28 DAI in plants at 15°C, 14 DAI at 20 and 30°C, and 10 DAI at 25°C. These results support and explain the observation in companion studies that cool temperatures result in slower development of clubroot symptoms in brassica crops.
Avaliação da capacidade protetora de antígenos recombinantes contra a Leishmaniose Tegumentar

Leishmaniasis is a global disease affecting 12 million people and can cause diseases that range from self-healing localized cutaneous leishmaniasis to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Despite the severity of the disease, there is no effective vaccine to prevent leishmaniasis. Among the promising antigens for the development of a vaccine, stand out the ribosomal proteins (S4, S6, L3, and L5) and KMP-11, a surface protein, widely found in the members of family Trypanosomatidae. Our study evaluated the effects of immunization with these antigens upon challenge with L. major and L. braziliensis, employing the experimental models of infection. First, we evaluated the protective ability of ribosomal antigens to infection by L. major. Among the four antigens examined only L3 or L5 were able to prevent lesion development and decrease the parasite load. Mice vaccinated with these antigens, plus CpG, developed a Th1-type response with high production of IFN-γ, low production of IL-10 and presence of IgG2a antibodies. Next, we evaluated the protective capacity of L3 and L5 antigens against challenge by L. braziliensis, in the presence of sand fly saliva. Vaccination with L3 or L5 also induced a high production of IFN-γ, resulting in significant inhibition of lesion development and lower parasite load. Regarding KMP-11, we investigated its protective capacity using two immunization strategies: the homologous strategy, which consisted in immunizing mice with a plasmid DNA encoding KMP-11(DNA KMP-11) while the heterologous immunization strategy consisted of inoculation of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing DNA KMP-11 followed by a booster inoculation with nanoparticles containing recombinant KMP-11, in the presence of CpG. Nanoparticles protect the antigen from enzymatic degradation and promote controlled release, in addition to acting as an adjuvant. Lesion development was not inhibited following either immunization strategy, after challenge with L. braziliensis in the presence of sand fly saliva. However, animals immunized with the heterologous strategy showed a greater reduction in parasite load compared with the group immunized by the homologous strategy. This effect was associated with increased production of IFN-γ e TNF-α at the infection site. Finally, we evaluated the induction of the innate response in macrophages stimulated with KMP-11 encapsulated in NPs. We observed that stimulation of murine macrophages with KMP-11 encapsulated in NPs reduced the parasitic load and increased production of nitric oxide, superoxide, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL-1/KC suggesting the induction of a potent innate immune response. We conclude that the L3 and/or L5 are promising antigens for the development of a vaccine that protects against the main species of Leishmania and that encapsulation of antigens into nanoparticles induces strong immune response. This strategy should be considered for the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis.
Managing invasive weeds under climate change: considering the current and potential future distribution of Buddleja davidii

Kriticos DJ,Watt MS, Potter KJB, Manning LK,Alexander NS &Tallent-Halsell N (2011). Managing invasive weeds under climate change: considering the current and potential future distribution of Buddleja davidii. Weed Research 51, 85–96. Summary Buddleja davidii is both a prized garden ornamental and an invasive shrub that rapidly colonises disturbed ground. Originally from China, B. davidii has been widely distributed by horticulturalists and has subsequently invaded much of Europe and New Zealand, and to a lesser degree the Americas and Australia. The present and future climate suitability for B. davidii was assessed using a process-oriented climate suitability model. There appears to be a considerable scope for further invasion, with the most suitable areas occurring adjacent to existing naturalised populations in the north-eastern United States, north-eastern Europe, south-eastern Australia and south-eastern New Zealand. Under future climates, the potential distribution and climate suitability for B. davidii increases most noticeably in the northern United States and southern Canada, northern and eastern Europe, and to a lesser extent in the south-western part of the South Island of New Zealand. Elsewhere, there are projected poleward range shifts (South America) or range contractions out of subtropical areas (Africa and Australia). Climate-based potential distribution models can help adapt weed management programmes to expected climate changes by: (i) classifying areas for the different types of weed management, (ii) supporting strategic control initiatives to prevent the spread of a weed, (iii) informing the reallocation of resources away from controlling a weed where climate suitability is expected to diminish in the future and (iv) identifying opportunities for relatively inexpensive preventative management to be applied to minimise future weed impacts.
Robust De-Noising Technique for Accurate Heart Rate Estimation Using Wrist-Type PPG Signals

Heart rate (HR) estimated using the photoplethysmography (PPG) signals during intense physical exercise is highly onerous owing to the existence of noise components like motion artifacts (MA’s) in the PPG signal. In this work, a robust de-noising technique for accurate HR estimation from the corrupted PPG signal is reported. The de-noising technique reported employs three pairs of Recursive Least Squares (RLS) as well as Normalized Least Mean Squares (NLMS) adaptive filters. The de-noised PPG signal obtained at the output of RLS and NLMS adaptive filters are combined using the sigmoid function. The three MA reduced PPG signals obtained from each adaptive filter pair are again combined using softmax activation function to form a MA reduced PPG signal from which the HR is estimated. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to estimate the HR and phase vocoder is used to refine the estimated HR. The proposed method is tested on the publically available 23 PPG datasets and it resulted in an HR estimation error of 1.89 beat per minute (BPM). The HR estimated using the proposed technique is found to be accurate and the HR estimation error is 1.89 BPM which is less when compared to other existing HR estimation mechanisms that reported an error of 1.97 BPM and 2.09 BPM.
Facilitation and edge effects influence vegetation regeneration in old‐fields at the tropical Andean forest line

Questions Do local plant–plant interactions and facilitation play an important role in vegetation dynamics after disturbance in the high tropical Andes? In particular, does the dominant shrub Baccharis prunifolia have an effect on microclimate and local vegetation structure within old-fields at the upper forest line? Does distance from the border of the surrounding forests also influence community structure within fallow plots? Is there an interaction between facilitation and edge effects on vegetation regeneration? Location Gavidia Valley, Sierra Nevada de Merida, Venezuela. Methods Plant cover, species richness and community structure were compared in circular micro-plots placed under the canopy of B. prunifolia shrubs and in open areas (12 micro-plots in each case) both near and far from the forest border within two 10–12 yr successional plots at 3400 m a.s. l. (a total of 96 micro-plots). Additionally, topsoil temperature was monitored for 1 mo in the four situations under study. Results Average and maximum temperature and temperature amplitudes were lower under the canopy of B. prunifolia shrubs than in open areas; this effect being more marked far from the forest edge. Species richness, vegetation cover and the density of dominant forest trees were higher under the shrubs’ canopy than in the inter-shrub spaces. The proximity to the edge of the surrounding forest also had a positive effect on species richness, with no significant interaction with the local sampling situation (under shrub vs outside). Conclusions Our results suggest that both facilitation and edge effects influence the effectiveness of vegetation regeneration within old-fields in the high tropical Andes. Consequently, these processes should be considered for interpreting vegetation dynamics in environmental change scenarios at the tropical mountain tree line and for the design of ecological restoration strategies in these high-diversity ecotones, which have been subjected to large-scale anthropogenic transformations in recent decades.
The Learning Process Karawitan Art in Setyo Langen Budoyo Studio Wonosobo Regency

This research entitled "The Learning Process Karawitan Art In Setyo Langen Budoyo Studio Wonosobo Regency" examines the learning process of karawitan art. The purpose of this research is to describe the learning process of karawitan art in Setyo Langen Budoyo Studio, Wonosobo Regency. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach. Research subjects are karawitan art educators and karawitan art students in the Setyo Langen Budoyo Studio, Wonosobo Regency. The object of the researchis the learning process of karawitan arts. The results show that the learning process of karawitan art through several processes, educators can open exercises and provide materials, explainmaterials, open questions, practice materials, end with an evaluations and close exercises. The factors that influence the learning process of karawitan arts consist of internal and external factors. Internal factors are intelligence, talent, interest, and motivation of students. External factors are family, school and community environment.