Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of [3H]Quipazine Binding to 5‐Hydroxytryptamine3 Receptors in Rat Brain Membranes

Abstract: [3H]Quipazine was used to label binding sites in rat brain membranes that display characteristics of a 5‐hydroxytryptamine3 (5‐HT3) receptor. The radioligand binds with high affinity (KD, 1.2 ± 0.1 nM) to a saturable population of sites (Bmax, 3.0 ± 0.4 pmol/g of tissue) that are differentially located in the brain. Specific [3H]quipazine binding is not affected by guanine or adenine nucleotides. ICS 205–930, BRL 43964, Lilly 278584, and zacopride display less than nanomolar affinity for these sites whereas MDL 72222 is approximately one order of magnitude less potent. The pharmacological profile of the binding site is in excellent agreement with that of 5‐HT3 receptors characterized in peripheral physiological models. We conclude that [3H]quipazine labels a 5‐HT3 receptor in the rat CNS.
Giant Collective Fluctuations of Charged Membranes at the Lamellar-to-Vesicle Unbinding Transition. 2. Equation of State in the Absence of Salt

The equation of state of a charged phospholipid (dioleoylphosphatidylserine: DOPS, Na+) in the absence of added salt is given at room temperature over six decades of osmotic pressure (100 to 2 × 108 Pa) covering the range of pressures where the different structures described previously have been observed.1 It is compared to the universal expression given by the Langmuir equation and predictions for the Gouy−Chapman regime for highly charged bilayers. Below membrane separations of 10 A, the pressure of solid supported DOPS films is higher than the prediction of the Langmuir equation. In the linear swelling regime of flat bilayers and up to the regime where giant correlated fluctuations are present (the oyster shell state), the Langmuir equation holds better than the prediction given by Attard et al.2 for the Gouy−Chapman regime. Close to maximum swelling (700 A), the pressure drops sharply. However, the universal power-law decay still holds in the unbinding regime, where the oyster shell state coexists wi.
High rate single-carrier frequency-domain equalization for multi-relay cooperative systems

To overcome the loss in bandwidth and throughput efficiency due to the deployment of orthogonal distributed space-time block codes (DSTBC), in this paper, we investigate the performance of quasi-orthogonal multi space-time transmit diversity (MSTTD) and single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) for DSTBC systems with Non-Regenerative relaying over frequency-selective fading channels. Assuming NR relays and NS source nodes, the system's overall rate is NS/(NR+1), which is higher than the rates achieved by system's counterparts with orthogonal codes. We further present and investigate several relay selection strategies for MSTTD SC-FDE over frequency selective channels. The effectiveness of different relay selection schemes is verified by numerical simulations.
Report of committee on electrocardiography, American Heart Association. Recommendations for standardization of leads and of specifications for instruments in electrocardiography and vectorcardiography.

T HE LAST REPORT of the Committee on Electrocardiography of the American Heart Association appeared in 1954.1 It was concerned with instrumentation, techniques, and nomenclature of electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic leads. Its objective was to bring about, so far as possible, some standardization which would ensure uniformity in clinical application without discouraging or restricting continued investigation where indicated. In the 12 years since its appearance, the report seems to have accomplished its purpose so far as conventional scalar leads are concerned. Electrocardiographic practice has be-
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Radicular Pain

In many clinical cases of radicular pain, no noticeable neuropathology is detected by conventional medical imaging strategies. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were evaluated as magnetic resonance contrast agents to specifically detect neuroinflammation at sites of painful injury in a rat model of cervical nerve root compression. Two separate groups of rats were used: an injury group that underwent controlled transient compression of the dorsal root and a sham group that received the same surgical procedures but no injury. Precontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 6 days after surgery, followed by administration of SPIO via tail vein injection. After 24 hours, T2*-weighted imaging at the site of root injury revealed a postcontrast enhancement of 72.9 ± 31%. This was significantly greater than that of injured animals prior to SPIO administration (5.3 ± 12.9%). SPIO did not generate any significant postcontrast enhancement in the nerve roots of the sham group. Histology confirmed colocalization of SPIO with macrophage at the injury site. These findings suggest that SPIO-enhanced MRI may be a valuable tool to identify otherwise undetectable nerve root compression and enable improved patient management.
Measurements of the quantum efficiency of discrimination in human scotopic vision

In the previous paper (Barlow, 1962) a method for determining the quantum efficiency of vision was described. In the present paper some results obtained on human parafoveal scotopic vision are reported. There are many experimental parameters involved in an estimate of overall quantum efficiency: for the stimulus these are the area, duration, intensity, retinal location, colour, and the relative intensity of the pair of stimuli. Since it is here the ability to discriminate two stimuli which is being used to estimate efficiency, one is not restricted to intensities lying close to threshold, so that an additional stimulus variable is introducedone which turns out to be important. There are further variables associated with the state of adaptation of the eye. It would be a formidable task to investigate the effects of each variable, and rather a futile one when so much is already known about the effects of each upon the threshold. The experiments reported here were intended primarily to confirm that the highest attainable figure for quantum efficiency is in the neighbourhood of 5 %, and to find whether this high figure can be maintained when the eye is light-adapted. Exploratory observations are reported indicating that, in any given conditions, the highest efficiencies are obtained when discriminating between intensities near to the subjective threshold. It is also shown that light adaptation shifts to higher intensities the range where discrimination is most efficient.
Therapeutic robot‐assisted neck dissection via a retroauricular or modified facelift approach in head and neck cancer: A comparative study with conventional transcervical neck dissection

In a previous study of robot‐assisted neck dissection (RAND), we limited the indication for neck dissection in clinical N0 head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was for us to present the comparison of the results of therapeutic RAND via a retroauricular or modified facelift approach with outcomes from conventional neck dissection in clinical node‐positive head and neck cancer.
Venous blood gas analysis for evaluation of blood circulation of the hand during continuous axillary block

Computer analysis of blood gas measurements was used to evaluate the effect of a continuous axillary block on the circulation of the hand of a patient suffering from regional circulatory insuffiency due to ligation of the brachial artery. Venous blood samples drawn from the cephalic vein were analysed at 0, 1, 2.5 and 18 hours after the blockade. Improved circulation of the hand was indicated by decreased arterio‐venous oxygen difference and increased venous oxygen partial pressure following the blockade. The advantage in using the extended blood gas analysis is the possibility of estimating the main factors influencing tissue oxygenation: oxygen capacity, oxygen partial pressure and the haemoglobin oxygen affinity.
Cytotoxic lymphocytes in children's cow's milk sensitive enteropathy of delayed type

Food hypersensitivities are becoming increasingly common worldwide. Previous studies indicate that cell mediated immunity has a role in delayed paediatric gastrointestinal food hypersensitivities, but the exact pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown. Cytotoxic activation of T-lymphocytes is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). The pathogenetic mechanisms of cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMSE) are largely unknown. CMSE is a non-IgE related type of food hypersensitivity with variable gastrointestinal symptoms but no visible mucosal abnormalities on light microscopy. The diagnosis is based on an open or blinded elimination/ challenge test, as the endoscopic, histological and laboratory findings are generally non-specific. This thesis aims to characterize the role of lymphocyte cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CMSE in preschool and school aged children, including comparison with CD where the pathogenetic significance of cytotoxicity is well established. The study cohort consisted of 151 children, including 57 with untreated CMSE, 18 with treated CMSE, 24 with CD, and 52 controls. Using immunohistochemistry, the mucosal expressions of cytotoxic T cell-restricted intracellular antigen type 1 (TIA-1), perforin, granzyme A and B were analysed in the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum. Intraepithelial T-lymphocytes were labelled with CD3, alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cell receptor antigens. To determine the rates of overall and epithelial apoptosis as well as proliferation, the immunohistochemical TUNEL technique, M30 and Ki-67 antibodies were used. Serum levels of granzymes, CD30 and soluble Fas were studied using ELISA method. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes with TIA-1, perforin and granzyme A containing granules was increased in CMSE. This increase was related to antigen challenge and not a constitutional abnormality. The cytotoxic reaction in CMSE differed from that in CD by being of lesser magnitude, concerning predominantly the descending duodenum and not showing signs of cytotoxicity related epithelial destruction. The serum levels of GrA, GrB and CD30 were increased in both CMSE and CD, correlating with the number of duodenal CD3+, alpha/beta and gamma/delta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes. The results strongly support the role of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of CMSE. Mucosal cytotoxic activation seems to be manifested by the release of cytoxicity related proteins in serum. This provides a new approach to the monitoring of intestinal immune activation which could help in diagnosis and in objectively monitored treatment response.
Antiarrhythmics cure brain arrhythmia: The imperativeness of subthalamic ERG K+ channels in parkinsonian discharges

Antiarrhythmics and proarrhythmics targeting ERG K+ channels act oppositely to tune parkinsonian brain rhythms and motor behaviors. ERG K+ channels have long been known to play a crucial role in shaping cardiac action potentials and, thus, appropriate heart rhythms. The functional role of ERG channels in the central nervous system, however, remains elusive. We demonstrated that ERG channels exist in subthalamic neurons and have similar gating characteristics to those in the heart. ERG channels contribute crucially not only to the setting of membrane potential and, consequently, the firing modes, but also to the configuration of burst discharges and, consequently, the firing frequency and automaticity of the subthalamic neurons. Moreover, modulation of subthalamic discharges via ERG channels effectively modulates locomotor behaviors. ERG channel inhibitors ameliorate parkinsonian symptoms, whereas enhancers render normal animals hypokinetic. Thus, ERG K+ channels could be vital to the regulation of both cardiac and neuronal rhythms and may constitute an important pathophysiological basis and pharmacotherapeutic target for the growing list of neurological disorders related to “brain arrhythmias. ”
Review: Systemic and uteroplacental renin—angiotensin system in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies

Pregnancy is characterized by an increase in many of the different components of the circulating renin—angiotensin system (RAS). However, the physiological mechanisms of stimulated RAS activity during pregnancy are unknown. Even less understood is how this system may be altered in pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Additional studies have shown the presence of a local tissue specific RAS in the uteroplacental unit of normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Differences in normal pregnant and pre-eclamptic RAS component regulation may provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the clinical pathological features of pre-eclampsia. Specifically, this review summarizes the key findings in the circulating and uteroplacental RAS in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.
High-Efficiency 7 GHz Doherty GaN MMIC Power Amplifiers for Microwave Backhaul Radio Links

The potentialities of GaN monolithic technology for the growing microwave backhaul power amplifier market are discussed in this paper. To support this discussion, two GaN monolithic Doherty power amplifiers for 7 GHz backhaul applications are presented. They exhibit 5 W output power, with almost 10 dB gain and high efficiency at 7 dB output power back-off. In particular, one module has been optimized for maximum efficiency at center frequency (47% at 7 dB output power back-off), while the other for high efficiency on a larger bandwidth (15% fractional bandwidth).
Reflexiones en torno a la medición de la etnicidad en censos y encuestas

La politica estatal argentina se ha hecho eco de distintas demandas de organizaciones indigenas relativas al reconocimiento de sus derechos. De ahi que, durante los ultimos 25 anos, se hayan producido modificaciones constitucionales, adhesiones a convenios internacionales, y creaciones de leyes especificas para este sector de la poblacion. Consecuentemente, se han intensificado los requerimientos de cifras oficiales que den cuenta del volumen y caracterizacion de los pueblos indigenas en el pais. La sancion de una ley nacional que establecio la incorporacion de la tematica indigena en el Censo Nacional de Poblacion, Hogares y Viviendas 2001 se enmarca en este proceso. La emergencia de los pueblos indigenas como actores sociales en Argentina, sin embargo, no constituye un hecho aislado respecto de lo ocurrido en otros paises de Latinoamerica. De ahi que la medicion de la etnicidad a partir de censos o encuestas se ha expandido por distintos paises de este continente. Ahora bien, la inclusion de la tematica indigena en censos y encuestas invita a la reflexion acerca de las implicancias de medir identidades etnicas a partir de metodologias cuantitativas. En este sentido, cabe resaltar que la evolucion de los desarrollos teoricos respecto del concepto de etnicidad se ha ido plasmando en el diseno de tales mediciones. El objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar la relacion entre la estadistica -en tanto herramienta estatal de medicion y clasificacion- y la tematica indigena. Para ello nos acercaremos a los criterios y metodologias utilizados para medir la etnicidad en Argentina y en el resto de los paises de America Latina exponiendo algunas de las tensiones que se presentan al momento de medir fenomenos dinamicos y vitales como es el caso de la etnicidad a traves de metodologias cuantitativas.
Hyposalivation and xerostomia in dentate older adults.

BACKGROUND Older adults are susceptible to reduced saliva production related to certain medications, radiation and chronic conditions. Many of these people have many physical and oral health problems and limited access to dental care. The use of effective screening tools for xerostomia and hyposalivation would be helpful in identifying those at risk. The authors conducted a study to investigate the association between three measures of oral dryness: hyposalivation (low unstimulated salivary flow), self-reported xerostomia and clinically assessed dry mouth. METHODS The authors included a convenience sample of 252 nondemented and dentate West Virginia participants 70 years and older who were part of a larger study on oral health and cognition among older adults. Participants completed a self-reported xerostomia index, provided an unstipulated salivary sample and underwent an oral assessment for the study. RESULTS Twenty-eight participants (11.1 percent) had hyposalivation, eight of whom reported having xerostomia (sensitivity=28.6 percent). Of the 43 participants who reported having xerostomia, only eight had hyposalivation (positive predictive value=18.6 percent). Hyposalivation and self-reported xerostomia were not significantly related. Clinically assessed dry mouth correlated modestly, but significantly, with hyposalivation and self-reported xerostomia. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining routine unstimulated salivary flow rates in addition to self-reported information and oral evaluations may increase early detection of oral dryness, which would assist in implementing early interventions to improve patients' quality of life. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Visually inspecting oral tissues for dryness and asking a patient if his or her mouth is dry are insufficient measures for clinicians to use to determine if the patient has hyposalivation. The authors recommend that clinicians determine the patient's unstimulated salivary flow rate.
The correlation between thrombopoietin and platelet count in adult dengue viral infection patients.

AIM To investigate alteration in humoral regulation during the course of dengue viral infection. METHODS A prospective analytic study had been conducted involving 40 subjects with dengue viral infection. Subjects were recruited according to consecutive non-probability sampling. Subjects were categorized according to days of illness, platelet counts and serum thrombopoietin (TPO) levels. The plasma TPO levels examinations were done once daily until the platelet counts reached more than 100,000/mm(3). RESULTS Statistical analysis showed the mean serum TPO levels were increased during thrombocytopenia phase of the disease, and differ significantly from the convalescent phase (mean value 428 pg/ml vs 220.1 pg/ml, p= 0.00). There was also a statistically significant inverse correlation between serum TPO levels and platelet counts (p= 0.00). CONCLUSION TPO levels were significantly increased in adult patients with dengue infection in which platelets in circulation were markedly reduced, and the TPO levels were inversely related to the platelet counts.
Iloprost Drug Delivery during Infant Conventional and High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation

Iloprost is a selective pulmonary vasodilator approved for inhalation by the Food and Drug Administration. Iloprost has been increasingly used in the management of critically ill neonates with hypoxic lung disease. This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that aerosol drug delivery could be effectively administered to infants with both conventional ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). A neonatal test lung model configured with newborn lung mechanics was ventilated with a conventional ventilator and an HFOV with standard settings. A vibrating-mesh nebulizer was placed (1) proximal to the patient airway in the inspiratory limb between the humidifier probe and patient wye (conventional) as well as between the vent circuit and the endotracheal tube (ETT) for HFOV and (2) between the ventilator and humidifier (distal). Iloprost was nebulized in three separate runs using three new nebulizers in each of the circuit locations. A collecting filter was placed at the distal end of the ETT for each trial. Iloprost was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The percentage of nominal dose delivered was greater with the nebulizer placed proximal to the airway for conventional ventilation (10.74% ± 2%) and HFOV (29% ± 2%) than with it placed in the distal position (2.96% ± 0.2% vs. 0.96% ± 0.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). Drug delivery in proximal position was nearly threefold greater during HFOV than during conventional ventilation. In conclusion, iloprost drug delivery was best achieved when the nebulizer was placed proximal to the patient airway during neonatal mechanical ventilation. Drug delivery appears to be more efficient during HFOV than during conventional ventilation.
Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii western blots (immunoblots)

The performance of Western blots (immunoblots) prepared with eight strains of Borrelia burgdorferi representing B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii genospecies was tested with a panel of sera with various clinical presentations collected from eight geographic regions. European sera were generally more reactive to blots prepared with B. garinii or B. afzelii strain antigens, in particular B. garinii 20047 and B. afzelii VS461. North American sera were more reactive with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains. Our observation of significant differences in the levels of reactivity of some sera on Western blots of certain strains is potentially important for the development and implementation of generic interpretive criteria. Preferential reactivity of sera from patients with nerve and/or palsy symptoms to B. garinii strains and with cutaneous disease to B. afzelii strains was observed. On the basis of our results, we have concluded that strain 20047 is the best strain to use for the development of a generic Lyme borreliosis Western blot for Europe.
Colonic CD8 and gamma delta T-cell infiltration with epithelial damage in children with autism.

OBJECTIVES We have reported colitis with ileal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) in children with regressive autism. The aims of this study were to characterize this lesion and determine whether LNH is specific for autism. METHODS Ileo-colonoscopy was performed in 21 consecutively evaluated children with autistic spectrum disorders and bowel symptoms. Blinded comparison was made with 8 children with histologically normal ileum and colon, 10 developmentally normal children with ileal LNH, 15 with Crohn's disease, and 14 with ulcerative colitis. Immunohistochemistry was performed for cell lineage and functional markers, and histochemistry was performed for glycosaminoglycans and basement membrane thickness. RESULTS Histology demonstrated lymphocytic colitis in the autistic children, less severe than classical inflammatory bowel disease. However, basement membrane thickness and mucosal gamma delta cell density were significantly increased above those of all other groups including patients with inflammatory bowel disease. CD8(+) density and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers were higher than those in the Crohn's disease, LNH, and normal control groups; and CD3 and plasma cell density and crypt proliferation were higher than those in normal and LNH control groups. Epithelial, but not lamina propria, glycosaminoglycans were disrupted. However, the epithelium was HLA-DR(-), suggesting a predominantly T(H)2 response. INTERPRETATION Immunohistochemistry confirms a distinct lymphocytic colitis in autistic spectrum disorders in which the epithelium appears particularly affected. This is consistent with increasing evidence for gut epithelial dysfunction in autism.