Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, reveals multiple independent domestications of cultivated rice, Oryza sativa.

Cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L. , represents the world's most important staple food crop, feeding more than half of the human population. Despite this essential role in world agriculture, the history of cultivated rice's domestication from its wild ancestor, Oryza rufipogon, remains unclear. In this study, DNA sequence variation in three gene regions is examined in a phylogeographic approach to investigate the domestication of cultivated rice. Results indicate that India and Indochina may represent the ancestral center of diversity for O. rufipogon. Additionally, the data suggest that cultivated rice was domesticated at least twice from different O. rufipogon populations and that the products of these two independent domestication events are the two major rice varieties, Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica. Based on this geographical analysis, O. sativa indica was domesticated within a region south of the Himalaya mountain range, likely eastern India, Myanmar, and Thailand, whereas O. sativa japonica was domesticated from wild rice in southern China.
Adopting 3-Year Screening Intervals for Sight-Threatening Retinal Vascular Lesions in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Without Retinopathy

OBJECTIVE To report the incidence of sight-threatening vascular lesions in type 2 diabetic subjects without retinopathy after adopting a 3-year interval screening program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In all, 1,691 type 2 diabetic subjects with no detectable retinopathy in two 50° red-free fundus photographs were scheduled for follow-up with photography 3 years later. Age at diabetes diagnosis was 60 ± 12 years, and known duration of diabetes was 6 ± 6 years. Treatment consisted of diet only (26%), oral agents (54%), and oral agents and/or insulin (20%). Glycated hemoglobin A1c was 6.4 ± 1.5%. RESULTS Of the 1,322 subjects available for follow-up, 73% were still without retinopathy after 3 years, and 28% had developed mild or moderate retinopathy, but none developed severe nonproliferative or proliferative retinopathy. Macular edema requiring laser coagulation occurred in only one eye. CONCLUSIONS Three-year retinal screening intervals can be recommended in subjects with mild type 2 diabetes and no retinopathy.
Morphisms preserving the set of words coding three interval exchange

Any amicable pair ϕ , ψ of Sturmian morphisms enables a construction of a ternary morphism η which preserves the set of infinite words coding 3-interval exchange. We determine the number of amicable pairs with the same incidence matrix in SL± (2,ℕ) and we study incidence matrices associated with the corresponding ternary morphisms η .
Atrial fibrillation after bypass surgery: does the arrhythmia or the characteristics of the patients prolong hospital stay?

STUDY OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine whether prolonged hospital stay associated with atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is attributable to the characteristics of patients who develop this arrhythmia or to the rhythm disturbance itself. DESIGN An investigation was conducted through a prospective case series. SETTING Patients were from a single urban teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery between December 1994 and May 1996 were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS No interventions were involved. RESULTS Of 436 patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery, 101 (23%) developed AF. AF patients were older and more likely to have obstructive lung disease than patients without AF, but both patients with and without AF had similar left ventricular function and extent of coronary disease. ICU and hospital stays were longer in patients with AF. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, gender, and race, demonstrated that postoperative hospital stay was 9.2+/-5.3 days in patients with AF and 6.4+/-5.3 days in patients without AF (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although AF is strongly associated with advanced age, most of the prolonged hospital stay appears to be attributable to the rhythm itself and not to patient characteristics.
Gesture based robot programming using process knowledge — An example for welding applications

This paper is a work in progress report on a novel system for intuitive gesture based robot programming. The major contribution is the addition of an expert system into the robot programming process. The expert system uses static knowledge, such as seam types, and dynamic knowledge to reason about the intended process. The dynamic knowledge holds information about the environment and is derived from sensor data. The paper outlines the required components and the current state of development of a prototype system. An example of the inference process is given for a robot laser welding application.
The Canine Nasal Mucosa

Tissues of the nasal mucosa were utilized from 20 dogs, for histochemistry, quantitative measurements and scanning electorn microscopy. Attention was given to the type of epithelium, organization of submucosal tissues, distribution of vascular structures and glandular organization. These features are characterized and discussed in regar to the respiratory and immune functions of the nasal mucosa.
[Effects of serum of Bushen Huoxue prescription (Chinese characters) on classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of osteoblasts].

OBJECTIVE To observe effects of serum Bushen Huoxue prescription(Chinese characters) on classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of osteoblasts, and explore mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription (Chinese characters) for preventing osteoporosis. METHODS Twenty health female rats were randomly divided into two groups, including Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and saline group,10 in each group. Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and Saline group were gavaged Bushen Huoxue and saline every day for 1 week. Bushenhuoxue containing serum and saline containing serum were got according to methods of serum preparation of drug-containing. The osteoblasts was cultured with neonatal rat skull according to Enzyme Consumer Law, and was identified by Wright-Giemsa staining (R-J) and alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP). The third generation of osteoblasts was divided into three groups, including saline group, normal group,Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group. Each group were added to 15% appropriate medium. ALP activity of osteoblasts and osteoblasts proliferation rate were tested, mineralized nodules were observed, the expression of β-catenin, Runx2, Osx mRNA of osteoblasts were tested by RT-PCR. RESULTS There was blue granules in cytoplasm, cell nucleus was flint with 1 to 3 nucleoli showed by R-J staining, morphology of osteoblasts were cultured. ALP staining showed cytoplasm with purple granules, the results showed that the cultured cell was osteoblasts. The content of ALP in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group was (6.272±0.131) ,appreciation rate was (0.81? 0.172), and could significantly improve differentiation and proliferation activity of osteoblasts compared with Saline group (P< 0.01). There were four different size orange nodules, the Maximun nodule was 1.0 x 1.0 cm in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group after Alizarin red staining, the results showed Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously improve mineralization of osteoblasts. The expression of mRNA of β-catenin, Runx2 and Osx in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group were (1.782±0.944), (1.935±0.994) and (1.610±0.811) by RT-PCR,it was significantly increased compared with saline group (P<0.01), but there was no difference between Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group and normal group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously promote differentiation, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts through activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway. It suggested that the mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue (O'f f Il.t)particle clould prevent osteoporosis through the activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway.
Children with reading and spelling retardation: functioning of whole-word and correspondence-rule mechanisms.

SUMMARY A group of 19 children retarded in both reading and spelling Mid a group of 4 children retarded specifically in spelling were given a series of tests designes to assess two components of the reading and spelling process, namely the ability to read and spell using correspondence rules and the ability to road and spell at a whole-word level. The children retarded in both reading and spelling were found to be deficient in the ability to read and spell using rules. Furthermore, although these children had the ability to process words wholistically, their achievement at whole-word reading and spelling was deficient. With the children who were retarded specifically in spelling, ii was tentatively concluded that although their ability to use correspondence rules is adequate, they may have difficulty in selecting the correct grapheme when several BM possible for a particular phoneme.
Dormancy cycling in Arabidopsis seeds is controlled by seasonally distinct hormone-signaling pathways

Seeds respond to environmental signals, tuning their dormancy cycles to the seasons and thereby determining the optimum time for plant establishment. The molecular regulation of dormancy cycling is unknown, but an extensive range of mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments. Using a targeted investigation of gene expression over the dormancy cycle of Arabidopsis seeds in the field, we investigated how these mechanisms are seasonally coordinated. Depth of dormancy and gene expression patterns were correlated with seasonal changes in soil temperature. The results were consistent with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling linked to deep dormancy in winter being repressed in spring concurrent with enhanced DELLA repression of germination as depth of dormancy decreased. Dormancy increased during winter as soil temperature declined and expression of ABA synthesis (NCED6) and gibberellic acid (GA) catabolism (GA2ox2) genes increased. This was linked to an increase in endogenous ABA that plateaus, but dormancy and DOG1 and MFT expression continued to increase. The expression of SNF1-related protein kinases, SnrK 2.1 and 2.4, also increased consistent with enhanced ABA signaling and sensitivity being modulated by seasonal soil temperature. Dormancy then declined in spring and summer. Endogenous ABA decreased along with positive ABA signaling as expression of ABI2, ABI4, and ABA catabolism (CYP707A2) and GA synthesis (GA3ox1) genes increased. However, during the low-dormancy phase in the summer, expression of transcripts for the germination repressors RGA and RGL2 increased. Unlike deep winter dormancy, this represson can be removed on exposure to light, enabling the completion of germination at the correct time of year.
Cauda equina schwannoma misdiagnosed as focal motor neuron disease.

A 40-year-old man had a 4-year history of progressive right thigh weakness. Following a neurological consultation and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine, the diagnosis of focal motor neuron disease was made. Recently, he required a knee–ankle–foot orthosis for ambulation and experienced slight numbness of the right leg. He had no leg or back pain. Examination showed severe atrophy with no power in the right quadriceps. Thigh adductors and hip flexors were severely weak (able to overcome gravity but no resistance). The right knee jerk was absent. There were no upper motor signs. Sensory examination showed patchy decreased pinprick and touch of the right leg. Needle electromyography revealed fibrillation potentials and marked decrease of recruitment of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) in the right quadriceps, thigh adductors, and iliacus muscles. In addition, there were scattered fibrillations and mild impairment of MUAP recruitment in the right tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior, and the left quadriceps, thigh adductors, and iliacus. There were no fasciculation potentials and there were no fibrillation potentials in the lumbar paraspinal muscles. On nerve conduction studies, the right femoral motor response was absent and the left was normal, whereas the saphenous, sural, and superficial peroneal sensory responses were normal bilaterally. The electrodiagnostic findings were consistently severe right L3-L4 radiculopathies, but with additional mild right L5 and S1 and left L3-L4 radiculopathies. Review of the previous MRI of the lumbar spine, which was normal, revealed that the images did not extend above the L3 vertebra. An MRI of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic spine (Fig. 1) revealed a large uniformly enhancing mass at the T1-T2 vertebral level with compression of the thecal sac. A posterior laminectomy disclosed a 2.0 × 1.8 cm encapsulated benign schwannoma which was excised. The patient had no stigmata of neurofibromatosis and his weakness did not change postoperatively. A follow-up neurological examination 3 years later was unchanged with residual weakness of the quadriceps, hip flexors, and thigh adductors, and with absent right knee jerk. Discussion
An Evolutionary and Ecological Analysis of Human Fertility, Mating Patterns, and Parental Investment

This chapter considers the evolutionary biology of human fertility, parental investment, and mating and is designed to provide a broad overview of the topic. It focuses on three themes. The first is the timing of life events, including development, reproduction, and aging. Second is the regulation of reproductive rates and its relationship to parental investment. Sexual dimorphism and its relationship to mating systems together are the third theme. Each of these themes is addressed from two perspectives: first, in a comparative cross-species context, and second, in terms of variation within and among human groups. Our primary goal is to introduce a new ecological framework for understanding variations in each of those domains and then to apply the framework to understanding both the special characteristics of our species in a comparative perspective and variations within and among human groups. A secondary goal is to discuss how evolutionary biology can be integrated with more traditional approaches to human demography and the new research questions such integration would generate. The first section of this chapter presents an introduction to life history theory and current thinking in evolutionary biology with respect to the three themes. Since the fitness consequences of alternative fertility and parental investment regimes depend on ecology and individual condition, both specialization and flexibility in life histories are considered. Building on this foundation, an ecological framework for understanding variation in each of those domains is then introduced. The second section discusses humans in a comparative context, with a particular emphasis on the hunterand gatherer lifestyle because of its relevance to the vast majority of human
Neuroadaptive Control of Strict Feedback Systems With Full-State Constraints and Unknown Actuation Characteristics: An Inexpensive Solution

In this paper, we present a neuroadaptive control for a class of uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback systems with full-state constraints and unknown actuation characteristics where the break points of the dead-zone model are considered as time-variant. In order to deal with the modeling uncertainties and the impact of the nonsmooth actuation characteristics, neural networks are utilized at each step of the backstepping design. By using barrier Lyapunov function, together with the concept of virtual parameter, we develop a neuroadaptive control scheme ensuring tracking stability and at the same time maintaining full-state constraints. The proposed control strategy bears the structure of proportional–integral (PI) control, with the PI gains being automatically and adaptively determined, making its design less demanding and its implementation less costly. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation validate the benefits and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Predictors of Mental Health in Adults with Congenital Craniofacial Conditions Attending the Australian Craniofacial Unit

Objective Adults with craniofacial conditions experience more psychosocial problems than adults in the general population, but little is known about the factors that render a person more or less susceptible to these problems. Guided by research on adults with other conditions that affect appearance, this study examined predictors of psychosocial outcome in adults with craniofacial conditions. Design Single-sample cross-sectional design. Setting The Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, one of the main craniofacial treatment centers in Australia. Participants Adults (N = 93; 36.9% of the potential sample) with congenital craniofacial conditions (excluding cleft lip and/or cleft palate) who were treated in the Australian Craniofacial Unit. Main Outcome Measures All participants completed measures assessing anxiety, depression, and quality of life (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short-Form Health Survey) and variables predicted to affect these outcomes (SF-36 Health Survey - Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Cleft Satisfaction Profile, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Derriford Appearance Scale). Results Multiple regression analyses revealed that anxiety was predicted by social support, self-esteem, and fear of negative evaluation, while depression was predicted by self-esteem and social support. Physical quality of life was not predicted by any of the measures. Satisfaction with appearance, gender, age, and education were not related to outcome. Conclusions Interventions designed to increase perceived social support and self-esteem and reduce fear of negative evaluation appear to be indicated and may assist in establishing a causal relationship between these variables.
Transplantation of Autologous Dorsal Root Ganglia into the Peroneal Nerve of Adult Rats: Uni- and Bidirectional Axonal Regrowth from the Grafted DRG Neurons

Previous studies have demonstrated that transplanted dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) can survive and differentiate in a variety of orthotopic and heterotopic locations. In order to develop strategies aimed at restoring the sensory function following traumatic injury to the spinal cord and to its peripheral sensory connections, we have transplanted adult autologous dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) into the peroneal nerve of adult rats. Twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. A segment of the peroneal nerve was isolated by double transection and ligature to prevent undesirable reinnervation. The left fifth cervical (C5) DRG was removed from its normal location and inserted into the midportion of the isolated nerve segment. One month after the grafting procedure, a morphological study included axonal retrograde labeling with True Blue (TB) and/or Diamidino Yellow (DY) applied on each cut end of the nerve segment, cell counting, and cell measurement after staining with cresyl violet. Compared to the C5 ganglion maintained in situ, the mean number of surviving DRGNs in the transplant was 1381, corresponding to a survival rate of 20%. Both singly (TB or DY) and doubly (TB + DY) stained DRGNs were encountered. The proportion of surviving neurons that appeared to be doubly labeled was 23%. These neurons were considered as having grown two opposite axonal projections, one into the "central" part of the nerve segment and a second one into its "peripheral" part. The present results give new insights and interesting prospects concerning the possibilities of reconstructing the sensory circuitry after central and/or peripheral injuries.
[Sedum sarmentosun bunge extraction ameliorated severe acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury: an experimental research]].

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Extract (SSBE) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) induced acute lung injury (ALI) model rats and their excessive inflammatory reactions. METHODS Forty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operated control group (C), the SAP group (SAP), and the SSBE treated group (SSBE), 14 in each group. SAP induced ALl rat model was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) into the pancreatic duct. SSBE (100 m/kg) was administrated subcutaneously after the establishment of the SAP model. Equal dose of SSBE was injected again 12 h later. Equal volume of normal saline was administrated in the same way for rats in the C group and the SAP group. Rats were sacrificed after successful modeling and samples taken at 12 and 24 h. Pathological changes in the pancreas and the lung tissue were observed under light microscope. The ascites, serum amylase (AMS), wet/dry proportion (W/D) of the lung tissue, activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were also measured. RESULTS Ascites and serum AMS activities significantly increased; MPO, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha contents, and W/D ratio also significantly increased in the SAP group, when compared with the C group (P<0.05). Compared with the SAP group, those parameters were all attenuated in the SSBE group at 12 and 24 h (P<0.05, P<0.01). Pathological changes in the pancreas and the lung tissue were alleviated in the SSBE group under light microscope. The injury degree ranged between that of the C group and the SAP group. CONCLUSION SSBE could relieve the ALl in SAP model rats, which could be achieved through alleviating inflammation responses of SAP rats.
Pancreaticopleural fistula and mediastinal pseudocyst: An unusual presentation of acute pancreatitis

We report a case of an adult male who presented with recurrent massive hemorrhagic pleural effusion with a mediastinal cyst due to an unusual complication of pancreatic pseudocyst-like pancreaticopleural fistula and a mediastinal pseudocyst. The clinical presentation was misleading since the patient presented with predominantly respiratory complaints. High index of suspicion of pancreatic etiology in recurrent massive hemorrhagic pleural effusion may lead to the diagnosis.
Structural insights into the binding mode of flavonols with the active site of matrix metalloproteinase-9 through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations studies

Cartilage degradation in rheumatoid arthritis is mediated principally by the collagenases and gelatinases. Gelatinase B (also called matrix metalloproteinase 9 – MMP-9), is a valid target molecule which is known to participate in cartilage degradation as well as angiogenesis associated with the disease and inhibition of its activity shall prevent cartilage damage and angiogenesis. The focus of this study is to investigate the possibilities of MMP-9 inhibition by flavonol class of bioflavonoids by studying their crucial binding interactions at the active site of MMP 9 using molecular docking (Glide XP and QPLD) and further improvisation by post-docking MM-GBSA and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The results show that flavonols can convincingly bind to active site of MMP-9 as demonstrated by their stable interactions at the S1′ specificity pocket and favourable binding energies. Gossypin has emerged as a promising candidate with a docking score of −14.618 kcal/mol, binding energy of −79.97 kcal/mol and a stable MD pattern over 15 ns. In addition, interaction mechanisms with respect to catalytic site zinc are also discussed. Further, the drug-like characters of the ligands were also analysed using ADME analysis.