Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Positional Dependence in Recognizing Transcription Factor Binding Sites

Background: Many consensus-based and Position Weight Matrix-based methods for recognizing transcription factor binding sites are not well suited to the variability in the lengths of binding sites. Besides, many methods discard known binding sites while building the model. Moreover, the impact of Information Content (IC), and the positional dependence of nucleotides within an aligned set of TFBSs has not been well researched for modeling variable-length binding sites. In this paper, we propose ML-Consensus, a consensus model for variable-length binding sites which does not exclude any input binding sites. We consider Pairwise Score (PS) as a measure of positional dependence of nucleotides within an alignment of binding sites. We investigate how the prediction accuracy of ML-Consensus is affected by using IC, PS, and any particular binding site alignment strategy. We perform leave-one-out cross-validations on datasets of six species from the TRANSFAC public database, and analyze the results using ROC curves and Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks test. Results: We observed that the incorporation of IC and PS in ML-Consensus results in statistically significant improvement in the prediction accuracy. Moreover, any two positions in the multiple sequence alignment of the binding sites were found to be interdependent only when they the distance between them was below a certain value. Lastly, configurations with state-of-the-art alignment strategies did not perform significantly better than configurations with a naive alignment strategy. Conclusions: There exists a core region within a set of known binding sites,
Differential Effects of Hunting on Pre‐Dispersal Seed Predation and Primary and Secondary Seed Removal of Two Neotropical Tree Species

Many of the mammals undergoing drastic declines in tropical forests worldwide are important seed dispersers and seed predators, and thus changes in mammal communities due to hunting will affect plant recruitment. It has been hypothesized that larger‐seeded species will suffer greater reductions in seed removal and thus greater increases in predispersal seed predation than smaller‐seeded species. We compared primary and secondary seed removal and predispersal seed predation of two tree species between hunted and nonhunted sites in Central Panama. Seeds of Oenocarpus mapora (Arecaceae) are 16‐times greater in size than those of Cordia bicolor (Boraginaceae). We quantified primary seed removal and predispersal seed predation using seed traps, and we assessed secondary seed removal using seed removal plots. Primary removal of C. bicolor was 43 percent lower in the hunted sites, while primary removal of O. mapora was not significantly different. Secondary removal of unprotected O. mapora seeds on the ground was 59 percent lower in hunted sites, while secondary removal of C. bicolor was not significantly different. Predispersal seed predation of O. mapora by mammals was significantly lower in hunted sites, while predispersal seed predation by insects was not significantly different in either species. In combination with other studies, our results suggest that seed size is not a reliable predictor of the impacts of hunting. Mammal defaunation differentially affects stages and modes of seed dispersal and seed predation of different plant species, suggesting that these influences are complex and related to multiple plant traits.
OBB Intersect Test Algorithm Based on Effective Constraint

In light of collision detection problems in virtual environments, this paper makes a further study on the OBB(Oriented Bounding Box) intersection test.We describe the convex polyhedron by linear inequalities, achieve a matrix dimension reduction by simplifying the original coefficient matrix utilizing the corresponding row of the hyperplane which corresponds to the effective constraint inequality, and give a mathematical theoretical condition of the matrix dimension reduction, i.e, the effective constraint theorem. The algorithm only needs to operate the first column of matrix elements through the elementary transformation, and if necessary, related rows and columns will be rejected, then we can determine whether the test OBB intersects . Comparing the test speed and accuracy in the static case and dynamic case, experimental results show that speed of the new algorithm is 2-3times faster than that of the traditional OBB intersection algorithm, and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is also not inferior to that of the SAT-based algorithm.
Unfolding the procedure of characterizing recorded ultra low frequency, kHZ and MHz electromagnetic anomalies prior to the L'Aquila earthquake as pre-seismic ones - Part 2

Abstract. Ultra low frequency-ULF (1 Hz or lower), kHz and MHz electromagnetic (EM) anomalies were recorded prior to the L'Aquila catastrophic earthquake (EQ) that occurred on 6 April 2009. The detected anomalies followed this temporal scheme. (i) The MHz EM anomalies were detected on 26 March 2009 and 2 April 2009. The kHz EM anomalies were emerged on 4 April 2009. The ULF EM anomaly was appeared from 29 March 2009 up to 3 April 2009. The question effortlessly arises as to whether the observed anomalies before the L'Aquila EQ were seismogenic or not. The main goal of this work is to provide some insight into this issue. More precisely, the main aims of this contribution are threefold: How can we recognize an EM observation as pre-seismic one? We aim, through a multidisciplinary analysis to provide some elements of a definition. How can we link an individual EM anomaly with a distinctive stage of the EQ preparation process? The present analysis is consistent with the hypothesis that the kHz EM anomalies were associated with the fracture of asperities that were distributed along the L'Aquila fault sustaining the system, while the MHz EM anomalies could be triggered by fractures in the highly disordered system that surrounded the backbone of asperities of the activated fault. How can we identify precursory symptoms in an individual EM precursor that indicate that the occurrence of the EQ is unavoidable? We clearly state that the detection of a MHz EM precursor does not mean that the occurrence of EQ is unavoidable; the abrupt emergence of kHz EM emissions indicate the fracture of asperities. The observed ULF EM anomaly supports the hypothesis of a relationship between processes produced by increasing tectonic stresses in the Earth's crust and attendant EM interactions between the crust and ionosphere. We emphasize that we attempt to specify not only whether or not a single EM anomaly is pre-seismic in itself, but mainly whether a combination of emergent ULF, MHz and kHz EM anomalies could be characterized as pre-earthquake.
Mapping young stellar populations towards Orion with Gaia DR1

Abstract OB associations are prime sites for the study of star formation processes and of the interaction between young massive stars with the interstellar medium. Furthermore, the kinematics and structure of the nearest OB associations provide detailed insight into the properties and origin of the Gould Belt. In this context, the Orion complex has been extensively studied. However, the spatial distribution of the stellar population is still uncertain: in particular, the distances and ages of the various sub-groups composing the Orion OB association, and their connection to the surrounding interstellar medium, are not well determined. We used the first Gaia data release to characterize the stellar population in Orion, with the goal to obtain new distance and age estimates of the numerous stellar groups composing the Orion OB association. We found evidence of the existence of a young and rich population spread over the entire region, loosely clustered around some known groups. This newly discovered population of young stars provides a fresh view of the star formation history of the Orion region.
THE PRESENT APPROACHES OF SLOVAK ENTERPRISES TO SALES IN B TO B MARKET

The recent industrial enterprises in the territory of Slovakia are permanently facing the environment changes and rapid turns in their development cycle. The enterprises meeting the new challenges which result from the growing competition pressure, openess of markets and globalization make also the sales sphere present the proofs of real estimation of situation and dispose with the ability to gain and transform the existing customers of industrial enterprises to loyal partners. The requirements concerning the sales have changed due to the growing demanding character of of customers. The aim of the article is to characterize the selected dimensions of sales marketing and its development tendencies on the basis of the data got in the market research from the point of view of sales managers of industrial enterprises functioning in different branches. The article consists of two parts. The first part represents a theoretical framework of the sales problems. The second part is based on the research results in the sphere of production enterprises with the aim to better understand the customer-supplier relationship. This analysis enables us to identify the development tendencies of sales marketing
global cerebral ischemia in rats ? Does remote ischemic preconditioning prevent delayed hippocampal neuronal death following transient

Objective: To determine if remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) induced by transient limb ischemia is protective against delayed hippocampal neuronal death in rats undergoing transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Method: Animals were randomized into 3 groups: Group I (Control, n = 5) underwent sham procedure, namely, general anesthesia x 2, without cerebral ischemia; Group II (RIPC + GCI, n = 5) was subjected to RIPC, induced by transient left hind limb ischemia under general anesthesia prior to GCI; Group III (GCI only, n = 5) underwent sham procedure under general anesthesia prior to GCI. Twenty-four hours after the RIPC or sham procedure, a transient GCI was induced for 8 minutes in Groups II and III by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and hypotension. Hippocampal CA1 neurons were histologically examined at 7 days after ischemia. Results: There was no significant difference between the RIPC group and the ischemia only group. The number of neurons in the RIPC group were 0.90 (95% CI 0.20, 4.08) times the number in the ischemia group (p=0.89). The number of neurons in the RIPC group were 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.10) times the number in the Control group (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Second window of the RIPC does not prevent hippocampal CA1 neuronal death at 7 days after transient global cerebral ischemia.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles from Erythrina Variegate Plant Extract

To develop a reliable, eco-friendly and easy process for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using leave extracts of medicinal plant “Erythrina Variegate”. The use of plant material not only makes the process eco-friendly but also the abundance makes it more economical. In the present research program, cost effective and environment friendly gold nanoparticles were synthesized using the Erythrina Variegateleave extract as the reducing agent. The biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were analysed by UV- Vis,FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM and TEM. The broadening of peaks in the XRD patterns was attributed to particle size effects. On whole, the aunps obtained by the biogenic syntheses have potential biological and medical applications. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing gold nanoparticles showed a peak around 537nm. FT-IR analysis confirmed reduction of Au3+ ions to Au0 ions in synthesized gold nanoparticles. The leave extract of “Erythrina Variegate” quickly reduces Au3+ to Au0 and enhances the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
Modes of infection Epstein – Barr virus Reviews in Medical Virology

Abbreviations used IM, infectious mono LMP1, latent membr PI3K, phosphatidylino tein kinase; BCR, B-ce EBV-encoded RNA; SAP, signaling lymp XIAP, X-linked induc antigen processing; HL lymphocytes; CAEBV lymhoproliferative dis promoter; IE, immedia PAX5, paired box 5 growth factor; TGF, tr ducers and activators binding protein; HRS of NF-κB; CNS, centr phoma; AID, activ extranodal NK/T cell FOXO3, forkhead box 1; BLIMP1, B lympho kinase 3; ARID1A, AT PTEN, phosphatase an
Effet de l’entraînement physique et sportif sur le rythme circadien de la température et le rythme veille–sommeil chez la personne âgée Physical training effect on the circadian rhythm of the temperature and the sleep-activity cycle in the elderly

Aim. – Access the relations between physical fitness and body temperature rhythm and sleep-activity rhythm with ageing. Materials and methods. – Twenty-one subjects, men and women, athletics or sedentary, aged 64.7 ± 5.2 years, were distributed in 3 groups. The first group (E, n = 8), sedentary subjects, had to train during 4 months with a physical aerobic training program. The second group (CE, n = 6), athletics subjects, had to train as usual. The last group (AE, n = 7), athletics subjects, stopped their physical program training during the winter period as they usually do every year. At the beginning (t 0) and at the end (t 4) of the experimental protocol, the 3 groups performed a maximal graded cycling test (V ~O2 max) to determine their physical fitness. Subsequently, during 3 days, parameters of body temperature rhythm and sleep/activity rhythm were recorded. Results and conclusion. – that subjects of the group (E) improve their physical fitness (V ~O2 max increase). In parallel the amplitude of circadian body temperature rhythm were enhanced without alteration of the sleep/activity rhythm between the pre-test and the post-test. These * Auteur correspondant. Adresse e-mail : b.mauvieux@caramail.com (B. Mauvieux). Science & Sports 18 (2003) 93–103 www.elsevier. com/locate/scispo © 2003 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits réservés. DOI: 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / S 0 7 6 5 1 5 9 7 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 4 7 3 results showed that the improvement on circadian body temperature rhythms depends on the modification of endogenous body clock that controlled the synchronisation of the endogenous rhythms mechanisms and on the physical program training effects. In addition, results of the other groups show the necessity of conserving a minimal physical training level to keep the characteristics, structure and a regularity in the fluctuation of the biologic rhythm of body temperature. © 2003 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. Mots clés : Rythme circadien ; Vieillissement ; Entraînement ; Température ; Activité physique
We start by comparing and contrasting our work with the related work of Clarkson

Algorithms that use point-cloud models make heavy use of the neighborhoods of the points. These neighborhoods are used to compute the surface normals for each point, mollification, and noise removal. All of these primitive operations require the seemingly repetitive process of finding the k nearest neighbors (kNNs) of each point. These algorithms are primarily designed to run in main memory. However, rapid advances in scanning technologies have made available point-cloud models that are too large to fit in the main memory of a computer. This calls for more efficient methods of computing the kNNs of a large collection of points many of which are already in close proximity. A fast kNN algorithm is presented that makes use of the locality of successive points whose k nearest neighbors are sought to reduce significantly the time needed to compute the neighborhood needed for the primitive operation as well as enable it to operate in an environment where the data is on disk. Results of experiments demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in the time to perform the algorithm and several orders of magnitude improvement in work efficiency when compared with several prominent existing methods. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Journées Klotz 2012 Corticotroph deficiency Insuffisance corticotrope

Corticotroph deficiency usually results from exogenous glucocorticoid therapy or, more rarely, from hypothalamopituitary damages. Its diagnostic ay be difficult, especially when the deficit in ACTH secretion is partial. Stimulation tests are then necessary to investigate the integrity of he hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis. The insulin tolerance test has become the gold standard, but its utilization is limited by several contrandications. The metyrapone and cosyntropin tests represent currently used alternatives but their sensitivity is not optimal. Measurement of basal lasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may allow excluding corticotroph deficiency when normal. Finally, cortisol replacement in patients with orticotropic deficiency is based on hydrocortisone administration. However, the dose regimens employed in clinical practice do not allow mimicking he nycthemeral rhythm of cortisol secretion and are still disputed. 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Functioning of microphytobenthos in estuaries

The benthic primary production of subtidal coastal sediments is grossly under sampled – especially in relation to its potential importance. This is partly due to lack of appropriate measuring techniques. Microsensor approaches represent a strong tool for describing and quantifying microscale benthic photosynthesis and related processes, however, spatial and temporal extrapolation from single point measurements in heterogeneous subtidal sediments is complicated. Complementary use of chambers and 14C incubations can be helpful but these approaches have their own caveats and limitations. New approaches such as in situ PAM measurements and in situ PAM imagine may turn out to be very helpful in extrapolating microsensor data to larger scales – and robust intercalibrations between the techniques have been presented. Planar O2 optodes and O2 eddy-correlation measurements represent other very promising in situ approaches that overcome the limitations of microscale techniques for accessing benthic primary production. The present manuscript gives a brief review on available microscale techniques for quantifying subtidal benthic primary production
Adaptation and fixation in entrepreneurial approaches of a dental laboratory

Orientation: This study described the adaptation and fixation processes implemented by a small business entrepreneur in order to cope with changing market circumstances. Research purpose: The study described how the dental laboratory adapted its entrepreneurial approaches over time in response to critical changes that occurred and how aspects in the managerial approach became fixated and proved to be essential to success. Motivation for the study: The study provided insight into how the dental laboratory transformed into a stable and prosperous laboratory by the integration of strategic, economic, cultural and social capital through a process of business decision making. Research design, approach and method: A cohort survey research design, based upon the compilation of longitudinal data over three selected time periods, was employed. The design of the measuring instruments and the interpretation of research results were derived from an adapted entrepreneurial-in-network theoretical framework. A triangulation data compilation approach was followed. Main findings: The results revealed that cultural capital in the dental laboratory became fixated on three value principles, whilst the other critical capitals prescribed exist in sufficient volumes and improve to adapt to changing circumstances in the dental market. Practical/managerial implications: Fixated cultural values acted as a ‘parent’-actor in order to guide the righteousness of behaviour, whereas adaptation required sufficient critical capitals and the proper integration thereof. Contribution/value-added: By adopting the entrepreneurship-in-network approach, the researchers incorporated the dynamic and interactive processes of entrepreneurship. Future studies may employ the same design and use multi-varied analyses to show how a business adapt or fixate its approaches in response to crises or changes in the business environment.
Dynamic Impacts of Changes in Government Spending on Economic Growth in Kenya: A Structural VAR Analysis

Relationship between government spending and economic growth is still indecisive in both theory and empirical studies. Since its independence in 1963, the Kenyan government has been expanding its expenditure to achieve high levels of economic growth and development. However, this goal has witnessed many upward and downward trends. This paper aims at examining the dynamic effects of government expenditure on economic activity (GDP) in Kenya. The paper applies a Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) model and uses quarterly data set between 1991 and 2012 to estimate the Kenyan government expenditure multiplier. Results have shown that the effect of government spending on output in Kenya appears to be weak and nonpersistent. These results are justified by high government debt to GDP ratio, high debt servicing, and high marginal propensity to import in Kenya.
Determination of Newcastle disease virus among wild bird populations in Lake Van basin, Turkey

In this study, 540 feces samples taken from a total of 22 bird species, including transit migrant, winter visitor, migratory, and resident bird species, in Lake Van basin were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with respect to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All of the feces samples were cultured in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) for NDV isolation. The NDV isolates were analyzed for virulent fusion (F) protein by RT reverse transcription PCR (RRT-PCR). Of the 540 examined feces samples, 28 (5.18%) were found to be positive by RT-PCR. The same samples were cultured in ECEs and, of those, 9 (1.66%) were positive for NDV isolations. Of the isolates, 7 were obtained from the migrant waterfowls Phoenicopterus ruber, Anas clypeata, Aythya ferina, and Aythya fuligula and 2 were from the resident species Columba livia. The RRT-PCR F protein was determined in 1 isolate belonging to Aythya ferina; this strain was typed as mesogenic/velogenic avian paramyxovirus type 1 and the other 8 isolates as lentogenic. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the presence of NDV in wild, seemingly healthy bird feces from areas in Lake Van basin, in Turkey.
The relevance of slack resource availability and networking effectiveness for entrepreneurial orientation

Motivated by the resource-based view of the firm and its Penrose-inspired views on resource orchestration, we seek to disentangle how resource availability might affect the emergence of an entrepreneurial orientation within firms, and how firms might redress the resource absorption effects of EO to enhance firm performance. Using a sample of 607 German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we investigate: 1) the influence of slack resource availability on the EO of SMEs; 2) the mediating effect of networking effectiveness on the relationship between EO and firm performance; 3) the influence of firm performance on slack resource availability. The results suggest that slack resource availability positively influences EO, networking effectiveness partially mediates the relationship between EO and firm performance, and the firm performance achieved to date positively influences slack resource availability. Our work reconciles EO with the RBV and contributes new knowledge to understand the resource absorption effects and resource refuelling needs contained within the EO-performance relationship - a hitherto ignored consideration.