Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Let me get back to you" - A machine learning approach to measuring non-answers

Using a supervised machine learning framework on a large training set of questions and answers, we identify 1,364 trigrams that signal nonanswers in earnings call questions and answers (Q&A). We show that this glossary has economic relevance by applying it to contemporaneous stock market reactions after earnings calls. Our findings suggest that obstructing the flow of information leads to significantly lower cumulative abnormal stock returns and higher implied volatility. As both our method and glossary are free of financial context, we believe that the measure is applicable to other fields with a Q&A setup outside the contextual domain of financial earnings conference calls. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022. 4597 .
Effect of addition of polyethylene on properties of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber blends

Toughening of polypropylene was carried out by adding two types of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) having different ethylene content, and three commercial types of EPR containing high density polyethylene (PE). The concentration of EPR was varied from 0–30%. Globular morphology of the dispersed phase was observed at all concentrations. Average particle size of the dispersed phase (EPR) was about 2–4 μm with about 10% within the 0.5–1 μm range. Although most of the properties were not affected by the presence of polyethylene, high notched Izod impact strength was achieved only with samples containing PE. Melt flow rate, yield strength and modulus were found to decrease almost linearly with increasing elastomer concentration in the blend. Elongation at break was enhanced by the addition of EPR, particularly those containing PE. The contribution of PE to the properties was explained by the specific EPR/PE particle morphology (core-shell or interpenetrating) but the exact mechanism of toughening of PP with EPR in the presence of PE is not clear. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sulfate Reduction Based Bioprocesses for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage and the Recovery of Metals

Biological sulfate reduction is increasingly replacing chemical unit processes in mining biotechnology. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can be used for treating ground‐ and surface waters contaminated with acid mine drainage (AMD), and for recovering metals from wastewater and process streams. Biologically produced H2S precipitates metals as metal sulfides, while biogenic bicarbonate alkalinity neutralizes acidic waters. This paper reviews various passive and active SRB‐based alternatives as well as some process design aspects, such as reactor types, process configurations, and choices of substrates for sulfate reduction. The latest developments of using various low‐cost substrates together with new bioprocess designs are increasing the uses and applications of SRB‐based bioreactors in AMD control and selective metal recovery.
Yoğun Bakıma GİS Kanaması Tanısı ile Yatan Hastalar ile

Giriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı yoğun bakım ünitesine (YBÜ) gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) kanaması tanısı ile yatan hastalar ile YBÜ’de yeni GİS kanaması geçiren hastaları klinik özellikleri, morbidite ve mortaliteleri açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 01.02. 2004-31.01. 2006 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesi iç hastalıkları YBÜ’süne GİS kanaması ile yatan hastalarla YBÜ’de yeni GİS kanaması gelişen hastalar retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Hastaların yatış verileri, yoğun bakım izlemine ait veriler, YBÜ yatış süreleri ve yoğun bakımdan çıkış sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Her iki grup ve YBÜ’de ölen ve yaşayan hastalar Mann Whitney U ve ki kare testleri kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu hastalarda mortaliteye etkili faktörlerin tespiti için çok değişkenli analiz yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma süresince YBÜ’ye 550 hasta yatırılmıştır. Bu hastalar içerisinde 20 (%4) hasta GİS kanaması tanısı ile yatırılmış, 27 (%5) hasta YBÜ’de ilk kez GİS kanaması geçirmiştir. Her iki grup yaş, cinsiyet, APACHE II (akut fi zyoloji ve kronik sağlık skoru) ve Glasgow koma skorları açısından benzerdir. YBÜ’de GİS kanaması geçiren hastalarda yatışta pulmoner hastalıklar daha sık görülmüştür (p=0.000). Bu hastalara daha fazla invazif arteryal [22 (%82) ve 7 (%35), p=0.001] ve santral venöz basınç monitorizasyonu [24 (%89) ve 8(%40), p=0.000] uygulanmış, daha fazla eritosit transfüzyonu [24 (%89) ve 12 (%60), p=0.02] verilmiştir. Bu hastaların daha fazla mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı [25 (%93) ve 10 (%50), p=0.001] olmuş ve YBÜ’de daha sık sepsis gelişimi gözlenmiştir [14 (%52) ve 3 (%15), p=0.009]. YBÜ’de GİS kanaması geçiren hastalarda YBÜ (13 [6-20] gün ve 3 [2-7] gün, p=0.001) ve hastane yatış süresi (33 [17-60] gün ve 12 [6-30] gün, p=0.012) daha uzun, YBÜ mortalitesi [17 (%63) ve 4 %20), p=0.003] daha yüksektir. YBÜ’de sepsis gelişimi tüm hastalarda mortaliteyi belirleyen bağımsız tek faktördür (OR:12.50 [2.0874.80], p=0.006). Sonuç: YBÜ’de stres ülsere bağlı GİS kanaması gelişen hastaların morbidite ve mortalitesi, GİS kanaması ile YBÜ’ye yatan hastalara oranla daha yüksek, YBÜ ve hastane yatış süreleri daha uzundur. Bu durum kanamaya bağlı olabileceği gibi kritik hastalığın kendisine de bağlı olabilir. Bu konun açıklığa kavuşturulması için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. (Yoğun Bakım Derg 2010; 3: 63-9)
Temperature dependent reaction coordinates

Temperature-dependent reaction-coordinates are investigated using Brownian dynamics. A functional of the reaction coordinate, which does not have explicit time dependence, is derived. The path that minimizes the functional is defined as the reaction coordinate. The optimal coordinate varies from the steepest descent path at zero temperature to a straight line connecting “reactants” and “products” at high temperatures. An estimate of the time scale of the process is an output of the optimization. A numerical example is provided and adjustments for the Stratonovich calculus are discussed.
Crystal structures and properties of solvent-free LiYb(BH4)4−xClx, Yb(BH4)3 and Yb(BH4)2−xClx

Metal borohydrides offer high theoretical storage capacity for solid state hydrogen storage. This work is aimed at the mechanochemical synthesis of Yb(BH4)3 from LiBH4 and YbCl3. Different synthesis routes resulted in three new compounds, LiYb(BH4)4−xClx, α-Yb(BH4)3 and β-Yb(BH4)3. Their crystal structures have been determined from lab and synchrotron powder diffraction. LiYb(BH4)4−xClx takes a primitive tetragonal structure with x = 1.0, a = 6.1729(3) A and c = 12.4155(10) A in the space group P2c (no. 112), α-Yb(BH4)3 a primitive cubic structure with a = 10.70715(15) A in the space group Pa (no. 205), and β-Yb(BH4)3 a primitive cubic structure with a = 5.44223(3) A in the space group Pmm (no. 221). Thermal decomposition properties of the materials have been investigated by in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry and temperature programmed desorption. The decomposition product, Yb(BH4)2−xClx, adopting a primitive tetragonal structure with space group P (no. 81) was formed after release of diborane gas, and x increases with increasing temperature. A deuterated sample of this compound was synthesized for powder neutron diffraction. Rietveld refinement gave x = 0.76, a = 6.74763(2) A and c = 4.28368(2) A. Another polymorph of Yb(BH4)2−xClx was synthesized, which adopts a primitive orthorhombic structure with space group Pbca (no. 61), where x = 0.3, a = 13.20997(20) A, b = 8.26829(12) A and c = 7.44532(11) A.
Br‐Doped Li4Ti5O12 and Composite TiO2 Anodes for Li‐ion Batteries: Synchrotron X‐Ray and in situ Neutron Diffraction Studies

Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data were used to determine the phase purity and re‐evaluate the crystal‐structure of Li4Ti5O12‐xBrx electrode materials (where the synthetic chemical inputs are x = 0.05, 0.10 0.20, 0.30). A maximum of x′ = 0.12 Br, where x′ is the Rietveld‐refined value, can be substituted into the crystal structure with at least 2% rutile TiO2 forming as a second phase. Higher Br concentrations induced the formation of a third, presumably Br‐rich, phase. These materials function as composite anodes that contain mixtures of TiO2, Li4Ti5O12‐xBrx, and a Br‐rich third, unknown, phase. The minor quantities of the secondary phases in combination with Li4Ti5O12‐xBrx where x′ ∼ 0.1 were found to correspond to the optimum in electrochemical properties, while larger quantities of the secondary phases contributed to the degradation of the performance. In situ neutron diffraction of a composite anatase TiO2/Li4Ti5O12 anode within a custom‐built battery was used to determine the electrochemical function of the TiO2 component. The Li4Ti5O12 component was found to be electrochemically active at lower voltages (1.5 V) relative to TiO2 (1.7 V). This enabled Li insertion/extraction to be tuned through the choice of voltage range in both components of this composite or in the anatase TiO2 phase only. The use of composite materials may facilitate the development of multi‐component electrodes where different active materials can be cycled in order to tune power output.
Ionic charging free energies: Spherical versus periodic boundary conditions

Ionic charging free energies calculated by Ewald summation differ substantially from those calculated in spherical cluster calculations, with or without the inclusion of a Born correction in the latter. Using Gauss’ law, we derive an electrostatic potential for ions in spherical clusters that involves contributions only from the interior solvent. This “interior” potential agrees with the “P-summation” approach proposed by Hummer et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 3017 (1997)], and leads to charging free energies which agree, within simulation error, with those given by Ewald summation with finite-size corrections. The difference in charging free energies between this approach and the conventional cluster free energies including the Born correction is traced to the surface potential of water.
Comparación entre los melanomas de cabeza y cuello con los de tronco y extremidades

Background: Head and neck melanomas (HNMs) have been associated with prognostic factors different from those on other locations. Objective: The goal of the present study was to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics and the outcomes of surgical treatment between patients with HNM and those with trunk and extremity melanoma (TEM). Material and methods: The clinical records of patients undergoing surgery for melanoma between October 2014 and April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifteen patients (22.3%) had HNM and 52 (77.7) presented TEM. Results: There were no differences in age between both groups (63.8 ± 21.1 versus 58.5 ± 16), but there was a trend toward higher percentage of men in the HNM group (80% versus 61.3%). Patients with HNM had lower tumor thickness than those with TEM (2.07 versus 5.5 mm), higher incidence of melanoma in situ [5 (33.3%) versus 8 (15.3%)]; lymph node resection was more common (33% versus 25%) as well as reconstruction of the primary defect with local and musculocutaneous flaps. During follow-up, two patients in the HNM group developed local recurrences that were excised and three presented distant metastases in the lung, small bowel and abdomen and finally died due to the disease. In the TEM group, one patient had local recurrence and five died due to systemic metastases. The sample size was not sufficient to assess statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Head and neck melanomas occur in a wide age range and stages and has some clinical differences with TEM. The defects produced after the excision of the primary lesion often require more complex procedures and should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach. Palabras clave: melanoma cutáneo, biopsia de ganglio centinela, margen quirúrgico.
Anisotropic calcium phosphate nanoparticles coated with 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid

The principles of nanoparticle synthesis established for semiconductors were used for preparation of anisotropic calcium phosphate dispersions, which could be essential for a number of bone-related biomedical applications. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CP NPs) with relatively high monodispersity were synthesized from aqueous calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid in the presence of 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid (CEPA). They form stable colloidal solutions displaying minimal agglomeration. CP NPs are produced in a discoid shape with a diameter of 30–80 nm and a height of less than 5 nm. The predominant phase of the particles is brushite with some amount of apatite and amorphous calcium phosphate. Both structural and colloidal properties of the prepared nanocrystalline form of calcium phosphate make the particles suitable for further exploration for bone regeneration.
Characterising the gas and dust in protoplanetary discs around Herbig stars

This thesis contains a study of the circumstellar discs around intermediate mass stars. Through observational data and protoplanetary disc modelling, the physical structure and composition of protoplanetary discs are investigated with regards to their capacity for planet formation. In-depth analysis of millimetre-wavelength interferometric observations are carried out on the circumstellar environment of two Herbig stars. Firstly, the distribution of gas and dust in the gas-rich, potentially planet-hosting disc of HD100546 is characterised. Using ALMA observations of 1.3mm continuum and CO isotopologues tracing the disc midplane, estimates of disc mass are calculated, constraints on the size of dust grains inferred and evidence for midplane counterparts to scattered light features are identified. Secondly, an analysis of the more evolved circumstellar disc around Herbig star HD141569 is made in order to investigate the mass content of the disc and inform the debate as to its evolutionary stage. New ALMA observations presented in this thesis and new midplane structures in the gas and dust that support an intermediary stage of evolution between the protoplanetary disc and debris disc regimes. Finally, modelling of the pre-main sequence evolution of stars across the stellar mass range at which exoplanet detections peak is combined with Monte Carlo radiative transfer and modelling of the evolution of midplane gas and dust in order to study the impact of stellar evolution on the midplanes of protoplanetary discs. Variations in midplane temperature profles result in different locations of key snowlines in the disc, which in turn produces variations in the molecular composition of the local disc. The results quantify how snowline locations depend on stellar luminosity evolution. This modelling procedure is applied to the system of HR8799 in order to put constraints on the time and location within the disc at which wide-orbit planets could have formed based on their atmospheric C/O ratio. The results support an early formation time, within around 1 Myr, for the carbon-rich exoplanet HR8799b.
Smooth Stress Relief of Trifluoroacetate Metal-Organic Solutions for YBa2Cu3O7 Film Growth

The mechanisms controlling stress relief during the drying and pyrolysis processes of trifluoroacetate metal-organic precursors have been elucidated in view of high rate fabrication of epitaxial superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 thin films. Combining FTIR, TGA, and film thickness evolution measurements, we conclude that gel drying and sintering occurs below T ∼ 250 °C while film densification, due to metal-organic pyrolysis, occurs in the range 250−310 °C. Stress relief is the driving force leading to smooth or structurally inhomogeneous films, displaying buckling or macrocracks, depending on the rate of film transformation. High heating rates can be used during the gel drying and sintering process preserving the film homogeneity because the developed stress is below that required to generate buckling, as demonstrated by nanoindentation experiments. Within the temperature window where the metal-organic decomposition process occurs, the gas flow and the temperature ramp can be tuned to achieve fast pyrolysis prese.
Sensor Glove Approach for Japanese Fingerspelling Recognition System Using Convolutional Neural Networks

—We have developed a Japanese ﬁngerspelling recognition system based on a sensor glove, using deep learning, to achieve smooth communication between the deaf and hard-of-hearing, and hearing people. In this study, we conducted evaluation experiments using a convolutional neural network to recognize 76 characters of Japanese ﬁngerspelling. In the developed system, we have adopted a sensor glove that is light and cheap. Additionally, the target Japanese ﬁngerspelling alphabet includes 35 characters for dynamic ﬁngerspelling, which require both ﬁnger and wrist movement. The experimental results demonstrated that the average recognition rate of the developed system was approximately 70.0%. Based on these results, we have discussed the peculiarity of Japanese ﬁngerspelling and potential improvements to sensor gloves and algorithms.
Effect of Sub-Lethal Chlorine Stress on the Homologous Stress Adaptation, Antibiotic Resistance, and Biofilm Forming Ability of Salmonella Enterica

In this study, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) was tested for its ability to adapt to increasing increment of chlorine starting at 125 ppm in tryptic soy broth (TSB). Salmonella Typhimurium demonstrated an acquired tolerance to chlorine in TSB with adapted cells growing in concentrations up to 600 ppm whereas the non-adapted cells did not grow beyond 500 ppm. After 4 days of incubation, S. Typhimurium exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of chlorine displayed a distinct rugose morphology on tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates incubated at 37°C. The chlorine tolerant S. Typhimurium cells contained a mixture of both rugose and smooth morphology. The rugose cells, in contrast to smooth morphology (both adapted and control), showed the ability to form very strong biofilms (P < 0.05) in polystyrene microtiter plate at room temperature and 37°C. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of adapted (rugose and smooth) and control cells were tested using different antibiotics according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. There was not much difference observed in antibiotics resistance of either
Use of Raman micro‐spectroscopy in the characterization of MIIFe2O4 (M = Fe, Zn) electric double layer ferrofluids

MIIFe2O4 (M = Fe, Zn) electric double layer ferrofluids (edl-ferrofluids) were investigated and characterized by Raman micro-spectroscopy as solids (powder) or in solution forming magnetic fluids. The Raman spectra showed that the nanoparticles forming the magnetic fluids have different compositions depending on the MII ion used in their preparation. In the case of FeFe2O4 edl-ferrofluid, maghemite, magnetite, an amorphous non-stoichiometric oxyhydroxide [FeOx(OH)3 − 2x, x<1] and Fe(OH)3 phases are present. In the case of the ZnFe2O4 edl-ferrofluid, a magnetite-like structure where the FeII centers were replaced by the ZnII ions is present. A model of the distribution of the different chemical phases on the nanoparticles is presented. The Raman spectrum of the FeFe2O4 edl-ferrofluid excited close to an absorption band of the sample at 650 nm presents several Raman features above 900 cm−1 that are not observed for the ZnFe2O4 edl-ferrofluid sample. These results have been interpreted considering the resonant excitation of the density of phonon states with k ≠ 0 due to quantum size effects. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gerenciamento de resultados e incentivos fiscais no Brasil

A carga tributaria Brasileira e uma das maiores do mundo. O Brasil tambem apresenta elevada quantidade de incentivos fiscais concedidos. Estes fatos, por si so, evidenciam a importância que os tributos tem para a sociedade e para as empresas. Diante disso, as firmas que realizarem melhor planejamento tributario, com o intuito de minimizar os efeitos da tributacao, poderao ter um diferencial em relacao aos seus concorrentes. As possibilidades previstas na legislacao tributaria de se pagar menos tributos, constituem uma das vertentes dos estudos sobre escolhas contabeis. As decisoes das empresas podem ser gerenciadas com o objetivo de afetar os numeros contabeis, e consequentemente o valor dos tributos a serem arrecadados. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral investigar se as empresas que sao contempladas com incentivos fiscais apresentam menor demanda por gerenciamento de resultado. Para isso, selecionou-se uma amostra de 168 empresas, nao financeiras, listadas na [B]³ - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcao, no periodo de 2012 a 2018. Os incentivos fiscais foram coletados, mediante analise de conteudo, nas notas explicativas. O gerenciamento de resultados foi estimado atraves de accruals e atividades operacionais. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados atraves das demonstracoes financeiras padronizadas arquivadas no site da CVM. Os resultados indicam que nao e possivel afirmar que as empresas que recebem incentivos fiscais do governo apresentam menor demanda por gerenciamento de resultados atraves de accruals e atividades operacionais mediante os dados de incentivos fiscais coletados das notas explicativas. Alem disso, o estudo tambem evidenciou que a carga tributaria das empresas que detem incentivos fiscais constituiu um fator motivador das praticas de GR por accruals.
Spectroscopic investigation of complexation between various tetracyclines and Mg2+ or Ca2+

The complexation of various 'normal' tetracyclines and anhydrotetracycline with Mg2+ and Ca2+ was investigated under physiological conditions (aqueous Tris buffer at pH 7.0 and 8.5) by spectrometric titration. The generated sets of UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were analysed by two techniques, namely (i) classical evaluation which relies on the occurrence of isosbestic points and (ii) multivariate fitting employing the program Specfit. The latter yields not only the conditional binding constants, but also, for each tested kinetic scheme, the absorption or emission spectra of the individual metal? tetracycline complexes. It was found that absolute values of binding constants and deduced spectra are in all cases in favour of a consecutive metal ion complexation yielding 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 metal? tetracycline ion complexes
EFFECT OF MARKETING MIX STRATEGY ON SALES PERFORMANCE OF BREWING FIRMS: A STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES, ENUGU, NIGERIA

This study focused on effect of marketing mix strategy on sales performance of brewing firms using Nigeria breweries, Enugu, Enugu State as the study case. The research design for this study was descriptive survey design and questionnaire served as the instrument for data collection. The population of this study was 135 which consisted the management staff and major distributors of Nigerian Breweries Enugu, Enugu State, from where the sample size of 101 was derived. Out of 101 copies of the questionnaire distributed, only 94 copies were received and used. The data collected were presented in tables and analysed using simple percentage and the hypotheses were tested by chi-square statistical tool. The study discovered that high product quality enhances sales performance of brewing firms, penetration pricing strategy enhances sales performance of brewing firms, nearness of distribution place to target market enhances sales performance of brewing firms and intensive promotion enhances sales performance of brewing firms. Based on these findings, it was recommended that brewing firms should periodically improve the quality of their products so as to achieve high level of patronage; they should also engage in intensive promotional activities and price penetration tactics such as free samples, price discounts and bonus packs etc to increase customer’s intention to purchase their products; retail stores should make their products regularly available and accessible to the consumers; and brewing firms should always engage in research to enable them identify the gap that exists between consumers’ needs and their product.