Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding frailty

The term “frailty” is used loosely to describe a range of conditions in older people, including general debility and cognitive impairment. There is no clear consensus on the definition of frailty; however, it is proposed that frailty comprises a collection of biomedical factors which influences an individual’s physiological state in a way that reduces his or her capacity to withstand environmental stresses. Only a subset of older people are at risk of becoming frail; these are vulnerable, prone to dependency and have reduced life expectancy. These health outcomes contribute to an increased demand for medical and social care, and are associated with increased economic costs. As demographic trends indicate a rise in the older population, this healthcare burden will increase. This review aims to encapsulate the current debate surrounding the concept of frailty, with emphasis on proposed definitions of frailty which may be relevant to its identification in the clinical setting.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Response and Its Physiological Roles in Plants

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a highly conserved mechanism that results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. The response plays an important role in allowing plants to sense and respond to adverse environmental conditions, such as heat stress, salt stress and pathogen infection. Since the ER is a well-controlled microenvironment for proper protein synthesis and folding, it is highly susceptible to stress conditions. Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins activates a signaling pathway, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which acts to relieve ER stress and, if unsuccessful, leads to cell death. Plants have two arms of the UPR signaling pathway, an arm involving the proteolytic processing of membrane-associated basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) transcription factors and an arm involving RNA splicing factor, IRE1, and its mRNA target. These signaling pathways play an important role in determining the cell’s fate in response to stress conditions.
The expectations of nurses about the implementation of a barcoded medication administration system: a qualitative study

The implementation of a health system like the Barcode Administration System (BCMA) often disrupts the workflow of nursing staff. Taking into account that system acceptance by nurses is one of the most important factors for successful implementation, this paper describes nurses' expectations regarding the introduction of BCMA. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with 18 nurses in different units of an academic medical center in Argentina. Analysis of the interviews produced six main themes. Among these themes two factors were identified as determinants for system acceptance: ease of use perceptions and usefulness.
The plight of the bees.

The loss of biodiversity is a trend that is garnering much concern. As organisms have evolved mutualistic and synergistic relationships, the loss of one or a few species can have a much wider environmental impact. Since much pollination is facilitated by bees, the reported colony collapse disorder has many worried of widespread agricultural fallout and thus deleterious impact on human foodstocks. In this Feature, Spivak et al. review what is known of the present state of bee populations and provide information on how to mitigate and reverse the trend.
Evaluación del aprendizaje : alternativas y nuevos desarrollos

Los nuevos desarrollos en evaluacion han traido a la educacion lo que se conoce como evaluacion alternativa y se refiere a los nuevos procedimientos y tecnicas que pueden ser usados dentro del contexto de la ensenanza e incorporados a las actividades diarias el aula (Hamayan, 1995, p. 213). Aunque no hay una sola definicion de evaluacion alternativa lo que se pretende con dicha evaluacion, principalmente, es recopilar evidencia acerca de como los estudiantes procesan y completan tareas reales en un tema particular (Huerta, Macias, 1995, p. 9). A diferencia de la evaluacion tradicional, la evaluacion alternativa permite:
Options for incorporating children’s inhaled dose into human health risk assessment

Increasing attention has been placed on inhalation dosimetry in children because of children’s greater air intake rate and unique windows of vulnerability for various toxicants and health outcomes. However, risk assessments have not incorporated this information because dosimetric adjustments have focused upon extrapolation across species rather than across age groups within the human population. The objectives of this study were to synthesize information regarding child/adult intake and dosimetry differences for particles and gases for potential application to risk assessment. Data and models gathered at a 2006 workshop and more recent studies were reviewed to better understand lung development and inhaled dose in children. The results show that child/adult differences exist both on a chemical intake basis and on a deposited or systemic dose basis. These differences can persist for several years and are not captured by standard intraspecies uncertainty factors or by USEPA’s reference concentration (RfC) methodology. Options for incorporating children’s inhalation exposures into human risk assessments include (1) 3-fold default air intake adjustment for the first 3 years of life with a reduced factor for older children; (2) superseding this default via simplified dosimetry models akin to USEPA’s RfC methodology modified for children; (3) utilizing more sophisticated models with better anatomical and air flow descriptions; (4) running these models with input distributions to reflect interchild variability; (5) developing more advanced approaches involving imaging techniques and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models. These options will enable children’s inhaled dose to have a quantitative role in risk assessment that has been lacking and will establish a basis for ongoing research.
The cortical substrate of visual extinction

Neuroimaging studies investigated the attentional systems of the human brain revealing two networks, one for voluntary allocation of attention and another for stimulus-driven attentional processes. Whereas lesions of the latter system were supposed to lead to spatial neglect, we show that such lesions rather are typical for the occurrence of visual extinction. Extinction describes the inability of brain-damaged patients to detect a contralesional target in the presence of a competing ipsilesional stimulus. In a sample of consecutively admitted patients with right hemisphere stroke, we found dissociable cortical substrates for spatial neglect and visual extinction. There was a surprising congruency between the typical lesion site in patients with extinction and the activation clusters found in previous neuroimaging studies of healthy subjects. The results show that the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), considered to be a crucial part of the stimulus-driven attentional network, is the neural substrate of visual extinction.
B‐T cell interactions modulate inhibitory effects of interleukin‐4 on human B cell proliferation

In this study, we investigated the role of B‐T cell contacts in interleukin Ia‐mediated inhibition of human B lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogenic doses of soluble anti‐μ monoclonal antibody (mAb). We show that additional cross‐linking of B cell antigens, using Sepharose beads coated with anti‐μ, anti‐(IL)‐4 mAb (but not soluble mAb) or anti‐CD40 antigen counteracted the inhibitory activity of IL‐4. More importantly, cell contacts between B cells and activated T cells (but not unstimulated T cells) were sufficient to counteract IL‐4‐mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis. In addition, the inhibitory activity of IL‐4 on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells stimulated with anti‐μ and IL‐2 was itself reduced by the presence of fixed activated T cells. Our data suggest that a major role for IL‐4 would be to prepare B cells to receive additional mitogenic signals through cell contact interactions with activated T lymphocytes. When such interactions do not occur IL‐4 may block DNA synthesis, preventing uncontrolled B cell proliferation.
Evaluation of Feature Reduction using Principal Component Analysis and Sequential Pattern Matching for Manet

In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) there are some security problems because of portability, element topology changes, and absence of any framework. In MANETs, it is of extraordinary significance to identify inconsistency and malignant conduct. With a specific end goal to recognize malignant assaults by means of interruption identification frameworks and dissect the information set, we have to choose some components. Thus, highlight determination assumes basic part in recognizing different assaults. In the writing, there are a few recommendations to choose such elements. For the most part, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) breaks down the information set and the chose highlights. In this paper, we have gathered a list of capabilities from some cutting edge works in the writing. Really, our reproduction demonstrates this list of capabilities identify inconsistency conduct more precise. Likewise, interestingly, we utilize PCA for investigating the information set. In contrast to PCA, our results show Sequential pattern mining (SPM) cannot be affected by outlier data within the network. The normal and attack states are simulated and the results are analyzed using NS2 simulator.
Multipath assisted positioning in vehicular applications

Precise localization and tracking in intelligent transportation systems has aroused great interest since it is required in a large variety of applications. The positioning accuracy of global navigation satellite systems is unreliable and insufficient enough for many use cases. In urban canyons or tunnels, the positioning performance degrades due to a low received signal power, multipath propagation, or signal blocking. Instead we exploit the ubiquitous access to cellular mobile radio networks. Cellular networks are designed to cover the access to the network in an area by a single link to reduce the risk of interference from neighboring base stations. The idea of Channel-SLAM is to exploit the numerous multipath components (MPCs) of a radio signal arriving at the receiver for positioning. Each MPC can be regarded as being sent from a virtual transmitter in a pure line-of-sight condition. Within this paper, we show how to apply multipath assisted positioning in an urban scenario. Therefore, we analyze how a road user equipped with a circular antenna array is tracked in an urban scenario in the presence of only one physical transmitter. We further jointly estimate the positions of the physical and the virtual transmitters to enrich maps.
A reduced common mode hysteresis current regulation strategy for multilevel inverters

This paper presents a new hysteresis current regulation technique with reduced common mode switching for three-phase multilevel inverters. The proposed technique uses three independent multilevel hysteresis current regulators to generate three sets of complementary gating signals through the comparison of the measured current errors with implemented hysteresis limits. These gating signals are then distributed to each complementary switch pair of the multilevel inverter structure to switch with reduced common mode voltage. Additionally, by intelligently compensating for transition delays during dead-times, common mode voltage can essentially be eliminated completely. Two versions of the common mode regulation technique are derived by using either the line currents or differences between the line currents, known as delta currents, as the control variables. A detailed investigation is presented to determine that the delta currents are the optimal control variables. The performance of the proposed strategy is confirmed through both simulation and experimental investigations.
Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women.

BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D and a low calcium intake contribute to increased parathyroid function in elderly persons. Calcium and vitamin D supplements reduce this secondary hyperparathyroidism, but whether such supplements reduce the risk of hip fractures among elderly people is not known. METHODS We studied the effects of supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and calcium on the frequency of hip fractures and other nonvertebral fractures, identified radiologically, in 3270 healthy ambulatory women (mean [+/- SD] age, 84 +/- 6 years). Each day for 18 months, 1634 women received tricalcium phosphate (containing 1.2 g of elemental calcium) and 20 micrograms (800 IU) of vitamin D3, and 1636 women received a double placebo. We measured serial serum parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in 142 women and determined the femoral bone mineral density at base line and after 18 months in 56 women. RESULTS Among the women who completed the 18-month study, the number of hip fractures was 43 percent lower (P = 0.043) and the total number of nonvertebral fractures was 32 percent lower (P = 0.015) among the women treated with vitamin D3 and calcium than among those who received placebo. The results of analyses according to active treatment and according to intention to treat were similar. In the vitamin D3-calcium group, the mean serum parathyroid hormone concentration had decreased by 44 percent from the base-line value at 18 months (P < 0.001) and the serum 25(OH)D concentration had increased by 162 percent over the base-line value (P < 0.001). The bone density of the proximal femur increased 2.7 percent in the vitamin D3-calcium group and decreased 4.6 percent in the placebo group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D3 and calcium reduces the risk of hip fractures and other nonvertebral fractures among elderly women.
What is New in Wound Healing

Wound biology is complex. Wounds which were until recently seen only as defects in tissues are now increasingly interpreted in cellular and molecular terms. Growth factors, cytokines, proteases and adhesion molecules which participate in wound healing are discussed in this article. From a clinical perspective, conceptual shifts of importance, including moist wound healing, wound bed preparation and wound assessment, are presented. The frontiers of therapeutics employed in wound healing continue to advance with an increasing array of modalities joining the ranks at a regular pace. A range of currently available as well as evolving therapies- physical (topical negative pressure therapy, warming, electrical stimulation), biological (larva therapy, skin substitutes, stem cell therapy, growth factors, gene therapy) and of a miscellaneous variety (hyperbaric oxygen, dressings)- are appraised.
Resonant Microwave Sensors for Picoliter Liquid Characterization and Nondestructive Detection of Single Biological Cells

The nondestructive characterization of small liquid volumes, as well as the detection of single biological cells, can lead to new insights for biomedical and biotechnological applications. The dielectric permittivity of the sample, which depends on the chemical composition, is detected using electromagnetic sensors in the microwave frequency range. The sensing system proposed here is based on resonant near-field sensors, which are combined with a microfluidic chip. The sample volume of a few picoliters enables single-cell measurements. A novel process featuring a biocompatible polymer material is used for fabricating the microfluidic channel for liquid samples. Two opposed sensing tips are integrated at the bottom of the channel to improve the sensitivity to small dielectric contrasts. They are connected to two resonators, which allows to simultaneously characterize the sample permittivity at two different frequencies. In a proof-of-principle experiment, single cells of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line are detected. This shows that the proposed sensing system is suitable for single-cell characterization due to its high sensitivity and spatial resolution. A potential biomedical application is the systematic investigation of various cell types and states to elucidate potential distinguishing characteristics.
Mechanisms and consequences of lipid peroxidation in biological systems.

ion. The tendency to cyclize to compounds bearing five-membered rings also requires that a nonconjugated 1T system reside [3-"'{ to the peroxy radical (67, 68). Hence, such reactions require that the fatty acid possess three or more unsaturated bonds. The lower yields of internal hydroperoxide isomers of linoleic acid, for example, has been ascribed to the preferred cyclization of the 12and 13-
Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. XIV. Purification and properties of two D-alanine carboxypeptidases from Escherichia coli.

Abstract d-Alanine carboxypeptidase I, which removes the terminal d-alanine residue of the uridine nucleotide, UDP-N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide, and several related compounds occurs in both the particulate and soluble fractions of Escherichia coli and several other gram-negative bacteria. The soluble enzyme has been purified 120-fold and some of its properties are reported. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins at very low concentrations. d-Alanine carboxypeptidase II, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the penultimate d-alanine residue of the uridine nucleotide substrate, has also been purified and separated from d-alanine carboxypeptidase I. This enzyme is not inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. The possible physiological substrate and function of these enzymes are discussed.
Micro‐electrode measurement of the intracellular pH and buffering power of mouse soleus muscle fibres.

1. The intracellular pH (pHi) of surface fibres of the mouse soleus muscle has been measured in vitro using recessed‐tip pH‐sensitive microelectrodes. 2. In 5% CO2 and pH 7‐40, the mean pHi was 7‐07 +/‐ 0‐007 (S.E. of mean) at 37 degrees C and 7‐23 +/‐ 0‐01 at 28 degrees C. The difference between these tow values is the same as the change in neutral pH between 37 and 28 degrees C. 3. Alteration of the CO2 level at constant external pH caused a biphasic change in pHi with a rapid displacement followed by a slower partial recovery. Because the recovery was incomplete, different stable pHi values were recorded at different CO2 levels, the higher the CO2 the lower the pHi. The differences in pHi were highly significant both at 37 and 28 degrees C. 4. Alteration of the CO2 level at constant external pH also changed the membrane potential (Em), an increase in CO2 leading to an increased Em. The dependence of Em on the CO2 level was much smaller in the fast‐twitch muscle, extensor digitorum longus, than in soleus. 5. Changing external pH, either by alteration of the bicarbonate or CO2 level of the Ringer solution, caused pHi to change by a mean 38‐7% of the external pH change. The change in pHi was accomplished about 10 times more rapidly, and in the same direction, by altering CO2 than by altering the bicarbonate. 6. Application of external NH3 and NH+4 caused a rapid intracellular alkalinization followed by a slower acidification. On removal of external NH3 and NH+4, there was a large and rapid acdification, followed by a fairly rapid recovery in pHi. 7. The size of the pHi changes occurring on alteration of the CO2 level at both constant external pH and constant external bicarbonate, and on removal of external NH3 and NH+4, suggests a non‐CO2 buffering power of 45m‐equiv H+ ions/pH unit per litre and a constant‐CO2 buffering power of 58 m‐equiv H+ ions/pH unit per litre. The buffering power was apparently unaffected by a change in temperature between 37 and 28 degrees C. 8. It was concluded that H+ ions are not passively distributed across the muscle cell membrane, and that the pHi is closely controlled by the active transport of H+, OH‐ or HCO‐3 ions.
Certain anti‐CD34 monoclonal antibodies induce homotypic adhesion of leukemic cell lines in a CD18‐dependent and a CD18‐independent way

CD34 is a highly glycosylated type I membrane protein expressed by early hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as by endothelial cells and a subset of bone marrow stromal cells. CD34 is thought to play an important role during early hematopoiesis, although its function is unknown. We demonstrate that triggering of CD34 results in a rapid and vigorous homotypic adhesion in CD34+ cell lines, thereby providing evidence for a cell‐cell adhesion function of CD34. The cellular adhesion event, induced by only two anti‐CD34 mAb, (Immu‐133 and QBend‐10) was dependent on metabolic energy, an intact cytoskeleton and the presence of divalent cations. Analysis of antibody inhibition experiments indicated that the aggregation process partially involved the CD18 molecule.
Entwicklung betrieblicher Kosten und Nutzen der Berufsausbildung

Die Anzahl der von den Unternehmen angebotenen Ausbildungsstellen ist in den letzten beiden Jahren deutlich hinter die Nachfrage zuruckgefallen. Dies hat in den letzten Monaten zu regelmasigen Forderungen nach einer Ausbildungsplatzabgabe und nun dazu gefuhrt, dass die SPD-Bundestagsfraktion einen entsprechenden Gesetzesentwurf vorbereitet. Solche Forderungen sind politisch attraktiv, oft wird aber ubersehen, dass es Grunde dafur gibt, weniger Ausbildungsplatze anzubieten. In diesem Beitrag werden die moglichen zugrunde liegenden Ursachen fur den Ausbildungsplatzmangel analysiert. Diese durften wohl in konkreten Verschlechterungen des Kosten-Nutzen-Verhaltnisses von Ausbildungsplatzen fur die Betriebe und in den generell durftigen Zukunftsaussichten der Wirtschaft liegen. Beidem ist nur durch eine Verbesserung der Rahmenbedingungen fur die Wissensgesellschaft beizukommen, nicht aber durch eine die Situation nur verschlimmernde Ausbildungsplatzabgabe.
Change Impact Analysis for Large-scale Enterprise Systems

This paper is concerned with analysing the potential impact of changes to enterprise systems, and in particular on how regression testing following such changes can be minimised. The target scope of the approach we describe in this paper is systems containing hundreds of thousands of classes and millions of methods. It is extremely difficult and costly to apply regular regression testing techniques to such systems. Retesting everything after a change is very expensive, and in practice often unnecessary. Selective retesting is dangerous if the impacts of change are not understood, and analysing such systems to understand what is being changed and what the impacts are is difficult. This paper proposes a way to perform a change impact analysis which makes it possible to do efficient, targeted regression testing of enterprise systems. Our approach has been tried on a large system comprising 4.6 million methods with 10 million dependences between them. Using our approach, maintainers can focus on a smaller, relevant subset of their test suites instead of doing testing blindly. We include a case study that illustrates the savings that can be attained.
DARPA's Big Mechanism program

Reductionist science produces causal models of small fragments of complicated systems. Causal models of entire systems can be hard to construct because what is known of them is distributed across a vast amount of literature. The Big Mechanism program aims to have machines read the literature and assemble the causal fragments found in individual papers into huge causal models, automatically. The current domain of the program is cell signalling associated with Ras-driven cancers.