Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective Trial of a Treatment Algorithm for the Management of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Injured Knee

Background Specific guidelines for operative versus nonoperative management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries do not yet exist. Hypothesis Surgical risk factors can be used to indicate whether reconstruction or conservative management is best for an individual patient. Study Design Prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Patients were classified as high, moderate, or low risk using preinjury sports participation and knee laxity measurements. Early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (within 3 months of injury) was recommended to high-risk patients and conservative care to low-risk patients. It was recommended that moderate-risk patients have either early reconstruction or conservative care, according to the day of presentation. Assessment of subjective outcomes, activity, physical measurements, and radiographs was performed at mean follow-up of 6.6 years. Results Early phase conservative management resulted in more late phase meniscus surgery than did early phase reconstruction at all risk levels (high risk, 25% vs 6.5%; moderate risk, 37% vs 7.7%, P =. 01; low risk, 16% vs 0%). Early- and late-reconstruction patients’ Tegner scores increased from presurgery to follow-up (P <. 001) but did not return to preinjury levels. Early-reconstruction patients had higher rates of degenerative change on radiographs than did nonreconstruction patients (P <. 05). Conclusions Early phase reconstruction reduced late phase knee laxity, risk of symptomatic instability, and the risk of late meniscus tear and surgery. Moderate- and high-risk patients had similar rates of late phase injury and surgery. Reconstruction did not prevent the appearance of late degenerative changes on radiographs. Relationship between bone contusion on initial magnetic resonance images and the finding of degenerative changes on follow-up radiographs were not detected. The treatment algorithm used in this study was effective in predicting risk of late phase knee surgery.
$L$ -Band Femtosecond Fiber Laser Mode Locked by Nonlinear Polarization Rotation

We report an L-band passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. The center wavelength of the fiber laser can be tuned from 1575.5 to 1603.6 nm. The 458.7-fs pulses at 1603.6 nm show an 8.6-MHz pulse repetition rate. To the best of our knowledge, it is the longest wavelength for which subpicosecond pulses have been achieved so far with the nonlinear polarization rotation technique.
E-cadherinis not frequently mutated in hereditary gastric cancer

Editor—Inherited mutations in the E-cadherin gene ( CDH1 ) were first described in three Maori kindreds with early onset, diffuse, familial gastric cancer.1 More recently, this finding has been confirmed in other populations2-7 and this dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome has been designated a hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). 4 So far, no germline mutations have been identified in site specific intestinal type gastric cancer. Based on the guidelines of the First Workshop of the International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium (IGCLC), the following criteria were introduced: (1) two or more documented cases of diffuse gastric cancer in first/second degree relatives, with at least one diagnosed before the age of 50 or (2) three or more cases of documented diffuse gastric cancer in first/second degree relatives, independently of age of onset. In addition, criteria for familial intestinal gastric cancer (FIGC) were defined.8 In the present study, we analysed 11 Finnish gastric cancer patients with a family history of disease and two sporadic cases with germline E-cadherin gene mutations (table 1, fig 1). None of these families completely fulfilled the criteria for other inherited cancer syndromes with predisposition to gastric cancer, for example, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal syndrome (HNPCC), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, or Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). 8 ,9 Five of the families studied fulfilled the criteria for HDGC syndrome (table 1, fig 1, Nos 1-3, 5, and 10) and five families included two or more cases of gastric cancer (one of which was confirmed to be of diffuse type) (table 1, fig1, Nos 4, 6, 9, 11, and 12). Family 13 included four intestinal type gastric cancer cases and therefore seems to belong to FIGC. However, one of the patients in this family had diffuse type carcinoma. In addition to …
Preparo do solo e o estado nutricional da rebrota de Eucalyptus saligna.

O sistema de reproducao de uma populacao continua e uma fragmentada de Euterpe edulis Martius foi investigado no estado do Rio de Janeiro baseados nos modelos misto de reproducao e o modelo de cruzamentos correlacionados, usando seis locos microssate-lites polimorficos.Foramdetectadasdiferencassignificativasentreo conjuntogenicodeovulos e polen, em ambas as populacoes, sugerindo desvios de cruzamentos aleatorios. A taxa de cruzamento multiloco (tm) foi de 0,936 e 0,905 na populacao fragmentada e na continua, respectivamente, mostrando que a especie e predominantemente alogama. As diferencas entre as estimativas das taxas de cruzamento multiloco e uniloco (tm - ts^^) foram positivas e estatisticamente significativasemambasaspopulacoes(0,100e0,169napopulacaofragmentada e na continua, respectivamente), indicando provaveis cruzamentos entre parentes e estrutura genetica espacial intrapopulacional. Ambas as populacoes exibiram significantevariacao na taxa de cruzamento individual, com correlacao de autofecundacao dentro de progenies de rs^ = 0,692 na populacao fragmentada e rs^ = 0,509 na continua. A correlacao de paternidade foi moderada e significativamentediferentedezeronasduaspopulacoes (rp^ = 0,106 na populacao fragmentada e rp^ = 0,221 na continua). O coeficientemediodecoancestria (? xy^) dentro de progenies foi maior do que o esperado em progenies de meios-irmaos, 0,125 (0,193 e 0,222 na populacao fragmentada e continua) e o tamanho efetivo de variância (Ne(v)^) medio entre progenies foi menor do que esperado em uma populacao idealizada, 4 (2,59 na populacao fragmentada e 2,25 na continua). Nas populacoes amostradas, nao foram observados indicios que a fragmentacao florestaltenhainterferidonosistemadereproducao da especie.
Standard clinical practice underestimates the role and significance of erythropoietin deficiency in sickle cell disease

In sickle cell disease (SCD), vigorous reticulocytosis is required to partially compensate for chronic hemolytic anaemia. Consequently, early renal damage, insufficient to cause azotemia but sufficient to cause erythropoietin deficiency and chronic relative reticulocytopenia (chRR), could have severe clinical consequences. chRR was defined as reticulocytes <250 × 109/l despite haemoglobin <9 g/dl on ≥ two occasions ≥4 weeks apart. The influence of multiple variables including chRR on time from first clinic visit to death was evaluated in 306 SCD patients. In univariate analyses, fetal haemoglobin, indices of renal damage (serum creatinine, proteinuria), chRR and age, were associated with rate of death. In multivariate analysis, only age and chRR (Hazard ratio 3·6, 95% CI 2·049–6·327, P < 0·0001) were significant, underlining that chRR could be an early and important clinical consequence of renal damage. Even in chRR patients with normal serum creatinine levels, low haemoglobin and low reticulocyte counts were associated with low erythropoietin levels. In the general population, evaluation of erythropoietin levels is prompted by the combination of anaemia and abnormal serum creatinine. In SCD patients, this standard approach can miss a substantial risk factor for early death. chRR could be a practical and important criterion for diagnosis of erythropoietin deficiency in SCD.
Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: Projections originating in the central nucleus

Inputs from the amygdaloid and extraamygdaloid areas terminate in various divisions of the central nucleus. To elucidate the interconnections between the different regions of the central nucleus and its connectivity with the other amygdaloid areas, we injected the anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) into the capsular, lateral, intermediate, and medial divisions of the central nucleus in rat. There were a number of labeled terminals near the injection site within each division. The intrinsic connections between the various divisions of the central nucleus were organized topographically and originated primarily in the lateral division, which projected to the capsular and medial divisions. Most of the connections were unidirectional, except in the capsular division, which received a light reciprocal projection from its efferent target, the medial division. The intermediate division did not project to any of the other divisions of the central nucleus. Extrinsic projections from the central nucleus to the other amygdaloid nuclei were meager. Light projections were observed in the parvicellular division of the basal nucleus, the anterior cortical nucleus, the amygdalohippocampal area, and the anterior amygdaloid area. No projections to the contralateral amygdala were found. These data show that the central nucleus has a dense network of topographically organized intradivisional and interdivisional connections that may integrate the intraamygdaloid and extraamygdaloid information entering the different regions of the central nucleus. The sparse reciprocal connections to the other amygdaloid nuclei suggest that the central nucleus does not regulate the other amygdaloid regions but, rather, executes the responses evoked by the other amygdaloid nuclei that innervate the central nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 395:53–72, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role in fast inactivation of the IV/S4–S5 loop of the human muscle Na+ channel probed by cysteine mutagenesis

1 In order to investigate the role in fast inactivation of the cytoplasmic S4‐S5 loop of the fourth domain (IV/S4–S5) within the α‐subunit of the adult human muscle Na+ channel, every single amino acid from R1469 to G1486 was substituted by a cysteine and the mutants were studied by functional expression in human embryonic kidney cells (tsA201) using whole‐cell patch clamping. Effects following intracellular application of the sulfhydryl reagents MTSET and MTSES on the mutants were investigated. 2 Sixteen of eighteen mutants resulted in the formation of functional channels. For P1480C and N1484C, no Na+ currents could be detected in transfected cells. In the absence of sulfhydryl reagents, F1473C and A1481C slowed fast Na+ channel inactivation by 2‐ and 1 . 5‐fold, respectively, and L1482C induced a steady‐state Na+ current (Iss) of 3% of peak current (I≥peak) (1 % for wild‐type). 3 Upon application of MTSET and MTSES, changes in fast inactivation gating occurred for most of the mutants. The most dramatic destabilizing effects on fast inactivation were observed for M1476C (9‐fold slowing of inactivation; Iss/Ipeak, 3.6%; + 15 mV shift in steady‐state inactivation; 2‐ to 3‐fold acceleration of recovery from inactivation), A1481C (3‐fold; 14%; +20 mV; no change) and F1473C (2.5‐fold; 2.4%; +8 mV; 1.5‐fold). Less pronounced destabilizing effects were observed for M1477C and L1479C. Strongly stabilizing effects on the inactivated state, that is a 20–30 mV hyperpolarizing shift of the inactivation curve associated with a 3‐ to 4‐fold decrease in the rate of recovery from inactivation, occurred for T1470C, L1471C and A1474C. Almost all effects were independent of the membrane potential; however, A1474C only reacted when cells were depolarized. Significant effects on activation were not observed. 4 We conclude that the IV/S4–S5 loop plays an important role in fast inactivation of the muscle Na+ channel and may contribute to the formation of a receptor for the putative inactivation particle. The effects of sulfhydryl reagents on the various mutations suggest an α‐helical structure of IV/S4–S5 (up to P1480) with destabilizing effects on inactivation for one cluster of amino acids (1473/76/77/79) and a stabilized inactivation at the opposite side of the helix (1470/71/74).
Effects of two calculated plasma sufentanil concentrations on the hemodynamic and bispectral index responses to Mayfield head holder application.

The effects of two calculated plasma sufentanil (SUF) concentrations on the hemodynamic and bispectral index (BIS) responses to Mayfield head holder (MH) application were studied in 20 patients scheduled for intracranial surgery. Premedication consisted of hydroxyzine, alprazolam, and atropine given orally 1 hour before surgery. Anesthesia was provided with propofol (PPF) and SUF using a target-controlled infusion device. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to calculated plasma concentrations: 3 microg/mL(-1) of PPF and 0.5 ng/mL(-1) of SUF in group I (GI) and 3 microg/mL(-1) of PPF and 1 ng/mL(-1) of SUF in group II (GII). The MH was fixed 33.0+/-6.6 minutes (mean +/- SD) after induction. Systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as well as heart rate (HR) and BIS were recorded 1 minute before pinning (baseline) as well as 1 minute (P1), 2 minutes (P2), and 3 minutes (P3) after pinning. Multivariate repeat-measured analyses of variance were applied to the baseline-subtracted measurements of hemodynamic and BIS values. Groups were compared using the Student's t test, and P < . 05 was considered to be statistically significant. Patients' characteristics, baseline hemodynamic values, and BIS values were similar in both groups. A significant overall time effect was observed for all variables, but no significant overall SUF effect was detected. Increases in SAP, MAP, DAP, and HR did not differ significantly between groups. The increase in hemodynamic variables did not exceed 20% of baseline value in either group. In contrast, at P1, the increase in BIS over the baseline value was significantly higher in GI (15.0+/-7.9) than in GII (6.7+/-6.5). In conclusion, MH application was associated with a significant, although not clinically relevant, increase in hemodynamic variables whatever the calculated plasma SUF concentration (0.5 or 1.0 ng/mL(-1)). In contrast, the increase in BIS observed at pinning was significantly higher in patients with the lowest calculated plasma SUF concentrations. This suggests that the BIS response to noxious stimulation is modulated by the analgesic regimen.
A multiband MIMO antenna for future generation handset applications

A very simple multiband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is developed. The proposed antenna system consists of two alphabetic letter shaped elements: one is C-shaped and another is inverted L-shaped — all together can combinedly operate the wideband frequency range of LTE-1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 22, 40, 43 and WLAN bands. The C-shaped antenna element excites lower order resonance to cover lower frequency bands from 700 MHz to 800 MHz, whereas L-shaped is responsible for other higher frequency bands (1.7–3.8 GHz). The reflection coefficient is achieved 6 dB in case of LTE-2, LTE-3 LTE-12, LTE-13, LTE-14 bands, but for all other bands it is greater than 10 dB. The two U-shaped and I-shaped slots are introduced to reduce the coupling effects between two antenna unit. The isolation of this proposed MIMO antenna is achieved higher than 15 dB with a compact size of 70 × 70 × 0.8mm3 which is suitable for 4G/LTE ultra slim mobile phones and wireless devices.
Trends in state-specific prevalence of overweight and underweight in 2- through 4-year-old children from low-income families from 1989 through 2000.

OBJECTIVES To document overweight and underweight state-specific prevalence and examine trends among 2- through 4-year-old children from low-income families. METHODS State-specific and overall overweight and underweight prevalence for 1989, 1994, and 2000 and trend analyses during the study period are documented. Overweight was defined as a sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age in the 95th percentile or higher and underweight as a sex-specific BMI for age in less than the fifth percentile on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. These analyses are based on one randomly selected record per child per year for 30 states consistently participating in the CDC Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System in 1989, 1994, and 2000. Prevalence in 1989 and 1994 is adjusted to state-specific age and race/ethnicity distribution of the population in 2000. Overweight and underweight prevalence were categorized as 5% or less, more than 5% to 10%, more than 10% to 15%, more than 15% to 20%, and more than 20%. RESULTS The number of states that reported overweight prevalence of more than 10% increased from 11 in 1989 to 28 in 2000. Underweight decreased during the study period: 9 states in 1989 and 23 states in 2000 had a prevalence of 5% or less. No geographic predominance was apparent. Trend analyses showed significant increases in overweight in 30 states (P < .01) and decreases in underweight in 26 states (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Overweight is increasing and underweight is decreasing in our study population. We need to expand prevention and intervention efforts to reverse the rising trend of overweight in the United States.
Phosphorylation of the Transcription Factor Forkhead Family Member FKHR by Protein Kinase B*

Protein kinase B lies “downstream” of phosphatidylinositide (PtdIns) 3-kinase and is thought to mediate many of the intracellular actions of insulin and other growth factors. Here we show that FKHR, a human homologue of the DAF16 transcription factor in Caenorhabditis elegans, is rapidly phosphorylated by human protein kinase Bα (PKBα) at Thr-24, Ser-256, and Ser-319in vitro and at a much faster rate than BAD, which is thought to be a physiological substrate for PKB. The same three sites, which all lie in the canonical PKB consensus sequences (Arg-Xaa-Arg-Xaa-Xaa-(Ser/Thr)), became phosphorylated when FKHR was cotransfected with either PKB or PDK1 (an upstream activator of PKB). All three residues became phosphorylated when 293 cells were stimulated with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The IGF-1-induced phosphorylation was abolished by the PtdIns 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin but not by PD 98059 (an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade) or by rapamycin. These results indicate that FKHR is a physiological substrate of PKB and that it may mediate some of the physiological effects of PKB on gene expression. DAF16 is known to be a component of a signaling pathway that has been partially dissected genetically and includes homologues of the insulin/IGF-1 receptor, PtdIns 3-kinase and PKB. The conservation of Thr-24, Ser-256, and Ser-319 and the sequences surrounding them in DAF16 therefore suggests that DAF16 is also a direct substrate for PKB in C. elegans.
Quantification des trabéculations ventriculaires gauches chez des patients atteints de cardiomyopathie hypertrophique, en comparaison à des sujets sains

Introduction : Le principal symptome de la NCVG (non compaction du VG) est l'hypertrabeculation du VG. D’autres cardiomyopathies peuvent provoquer un aspect hypertrabecule du VG, notamment la Cardiomyopathie Hypertrophique (CMH). Cette etude portait sur la quantification semi-automatique des trabeculations du VG dans une cohorte de patients atteints de CMH, en comparaison a des volontaires sains. Methodes : Des patients porteurs d’une CMH, suivi dans notre institution et ayant beneficie d’une IRM cardiaque courant 2015 ont ete inclus. Les Controles ont ete recrutes prospectivement et apparies aux patients en genre et âge. Les masses trabeculee (T), compactee (C) et papillaire (MP) etaient calculees ainsi que les ratios T/C et PMT/C. Des analyses en groupe (Patients contre Controle) et en sous-groupe (Patients avec hypertrophie severe [LVH+, C>85g/m²] contre Patients avec hypertrophie moderee [LVH-, C<85g/m²]) etaient realisees pour chaque parametre. La repartition segmentaire de ces parametres au sein du VG etait etudiee. Resultats : 75 sujets ont ete recrutes dans chaque groupe (37 patients LVH+ et 38 patients LVH-). Une difference significative existait pour T/C et PMT/C entre les Patients et les Controles (13.4±3.1% versus 9.9±2.6%, p<0.001 and 17.8±3.2%, versus 13.9±2.9% p<0.001). Ces differences etaient plus marquees entre le sous-groupe LVH- et les Controles (LVH-: 13.9±3.4% and 18.3±3.5%; Controles : 9.9±2.6% and 13.9±2.9, p<0.001). Conclusion : Les ratios T/C et PMT/C montrent que l'hypertrabeculation pourrait etre un marqueur phenotypique de la CMH, en particulier chez les patients avec une hypertrophie moderee.
Injuries in elite volleyball

During the 1993–1994 volleyball season, injuries to players in the two Danish elite divisions were registered by means of a questionnaire survey. Eighty per cent of the players returned the questionnaire. A total of 70 female players reported 79 injuries and 67 male players reported 98 injuries, representing an overall incidence of 3.8 injuries per player per 1000 volleyball hours played. The injury incidence was the same for female and male players. Most injuries occurred in spiking (32%) and in blocking (28%). The injuries were predominantly either acute injuries to fingers (21%) and ankles (18%) or overuse injuries to shoulders (15%) and knees (16%). Shoulder injuries seemed to be a more serious problem in females. During the past 10 years the rate of overuse injuries has increased from 16% to 47% in male elite volleyball, corresponding to a significant increase in the incidence of these injuries from 0.5 to 1.8 injuries per player per 1000 played hours (P<0.001). A possible explanation for this could be a 50% increase in training activity during this period.
Health equity audits in general practice: a strategy to reduce health inequalities

Background This quality improvement project was set in Tower Hamlets, east London, with the aim of reducing health inequalities by ethnicity, age and gender in the management of three common chronic diseases. Methods Routinely collected clinical data were extracted from practice computer systems using Morbidity Information Query and Export Syntax (MIQUEST) and Egton Medical Information Systems (EMIS) Web, between 2007 and 2010. Health equity audits for 38 practices in Tower Hamlets primary care trust (PCT) were constructed to cover key process and outcome measures for each of the three major chronic diseases: coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The equity audit was disseminated to practices along with facilitation sessions. Results We show evidence of baseline inequalities in each condition across the three east London PCTs. The intervention tracked four key indicators (cholesterol levels in CHD, blood pressure and haemoglobin A1c levels in diabetes and % smoking in COPD). Performance for physician-driven interventions improved, but smoking rates remained static. All ethnic groups showed improvement, but there was no evidence of a reduction in differences between ethnic groups. Reductions in gender and age group differences were noted in diabetes and CHD. Conclusions Using routine clinical data, it is possible to develop practice-level health equity reports. These can unmask previously hidden inequalities between groups, and promote discussion with practice teams to stimulate strategies for improvements in performance. Steady improvements in chronic disease management were observed, however, systematic differences between ethnic groups remain. We are not able to attribute observed changes to the audits. These reports illustrate the importance of collecting ethnicity data at practice level. Tools such as this audit can be adapted to monitor inequalities in primary care settings.