Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of entertainment, utility and pass time on consumer brand engagement for news media brands: a mediation model

ABSTRACT Given that the current media condition provides numerous channels that create interaction between news media brands and consumers, the concept of consumer brand engagement (CBE), referred as being the interactive relationships between consumers and brands is more crucial than ever in the media sector. The purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of three motives, utility, entertainment, and pass time, on consumer brand engagement for online news media brands. A causal model that illustrates both the direct and indirect effects of the three motives on CBE reveals the critical role of entertainment as a mediator. Utility and entertainment positively impact CBE, whereas pass time is negatively associated with CBE for online news media brands. Entertainment positively mediates the relationship between utility and CBE as well as influencing the negative relationship between pass time and CBE.
Comparing World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology Grading and Fuhrman Grading with the Prognostic Value of Nuclear Area in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma

This study was undertaken to compare Fuhrman grading with World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) grading and stereologically measured nuclear area in patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) or Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (PRCC) and to evaluate the independent predictive value of Fuhrman, WHO/ISUP and stereologically measured nuclear area combined with necrosis in a series of patients with ccRCC in relation to cancer-specific survival. In all, 124 cases of ccRCC and PRCC were included. All slides were blindly scored by two trained pathologists according to the Fuhrman and WHO/ISUP grading systems. Nuclear measurements were performed on digitally scanned slides in Visiopharm® and correlated to survival. Analysis of ccRCC and PRCC cases showed that application of WHO/ISUP grading resulted in a significant downgrading of cases from G2 to G1, when comparing with Fuhrman grading. Neither of these patients experienced progression. Cancer specific survival estimates in 101 ccRCC patients showed that WHO/ISUP grading was slightly superior in predicting cancer-specific survival. Novel models included WHO/ISUP grading and mean nuclear area (MNA) each of which combined with necrosis. Both demonstrated an increased ability to predict cancer-specific survival. The study demonstrates that WHO/ISUP grading provides superior prognostic information compared to Fuhrman grading and stereologically measured nuclear area. Necrosis in combination with either WHO/ISUP grading or MNA adds additional prognostic information.
Optimal Lockdown Strategies: All about Time

Lockdowns are disease mitigation strategies that aim to contain the spread of an infection by restricting the interactions of its carriers. Lockdowns can thus have a considerable economic cost, which makes the identification of optimal lockdown windows that minimize both infection spread and economic disruption imperative. A well-known feature of complex dynamical systems is their sensitivity to the timing of external inputs. Hence, we hypothesized that the timing and duration of lockdowns should dictate lockdown outcomes. We demonstrate this concept computationally from two perspectives - Firstly, a stochastic "small-scale" Agent Based Model (ABM) of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) disease spread and secondly, a deterministic "large-scale" perspective using a multi-group SIR mass model with parameters determined from the SARS-CoV2 data in India. Lockdowns were implemented as an effective reduction of interaction probabilities in both models. This allowed us to evaluate the parametric variations of lockdown intensity and duration onto the dynamical properties of the infection spread over different connection topologies. We definitively show that the lockdown outcomes in both the stochastic small-scale and deterministic large-scale perspectives depend sensitively on the timing of its imposition and that it is possible to minimize lockdown duration while limiting case loads to numbers below hospitalization thresholds.
Rapid cleanroom-free fabrication of thread based transistors using three-dimensional stencil-based patterning

Applications such as wearable electronics and flexible displays have led to considerable advancement in flexible electronic materials. Textile threads have recently emerged as a flexible substrate with unique properties like biocompatibility, three-dimensional (3D) interfacing, and processability. However, fabrication of transistors and integrated circuits on threads remains a challenge. We address this need with a low-cost, high-throughput and cleanroom-free fabrication method for ionogel-gated organic thread-based transistors. It makes use of a 3D flexible ‘stencil’ to fabricate the active channel area gap. Similar to stencils used in screen printing on two-dimensional substrates, the stencil provides a 3D mask for spatially targeted printing on thread-based substrates. Carbon ink is coated using this 3D stencil on the thread to act as source and drain electrodes, along with poly(3-hexylthiophene), a proven organic semiconductor as a proof of concept. We achieve consistent simultaneous batch fabrication of over tens of transistors with a threshold voltage of − (1.48 ± 0.11) V, an operating region of 0 to −3 V, and an ON/OFF ratio of the order of 102.
Copolymerization of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) produced by Azotobacter vinelandii OPNA is determined by the oxygen transfer rate of the culture

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the composition of poly-3-hydoxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) by an OPNA mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii cultured under different conditions. In shaken flasks, the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) significantly affected the PHBV composition, the highest content of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) (28%) was achieved from the cultures developed at high OTR max (5.87 mmol L -1 h -1 ). In the bioreactor, the cultures were grown under oxygen limited conditions and different OTRs, varying the agitation rate. The highest PHBV accumulation (85%) was achieved at low OTR max (4.96 mmol L -1 h -1 ), whereas, the maximum content of 3HV (8.5 mol%) was obtained at higher OTR max (20.3 mmol L -1 h -1 ). Our results reveal that increasing the OTR rises the molar fraction of 3HV in the PHBV copolymer. Therefore, the manipulation of OTR could be a feasible strategy to produce PHBV copolymers with different monomeric compositions at industrial level.
Calcium Stable Isotopes of Tonga and Mariana Arc Lavas: Implications for Slab Fluid‐Mediated Carbonate Transfer in Cold Subduction Zones

Carbonation of oceanic lithosphere occurs widely during seawater alteration, and subducted carbonated oceanic lithosphere may play a key role in carbon recycling in subduction zones. Here we investigate the Ca isotopic composition of arc lavas from the Tonga rear arc and Mariana arc, western Pacific, to explore the effect of fluid‐mediated carbonate transfer in subduction zones. Fresh basalts (0.84 ± 0.01‰, 2sd, n = 3) and dacites (0.84 ± 0.10‰, 2sd, n = 9) from the Tonga rear arc show indistinguishable δ44/40Ca, reflecting negligible Ca isotopic fractionation during differentiation of hydrous arc magmas. More importantly, arc lavas from both the Tonga rear arc (0.84 ± 0.09‰, 2sd, n = 12) and Mariana arc (0.79 ± 0.12‰, 2sd, n = 9) display MORB‐like δ44/40Ca values. The MORB‐like δ44/40Ca of arc lavas indicates that the carbonates released from altered oceanic lithosphere (AOL) do not significantly modify the Ca isotopic composition of the mantle wedge, although extensive volcanic CO2 degassing at both arcs suggests that slab fluids might introduce abundant carbonate into the depleted mantle wedge. These results could be attributed to a limited Ca budget in the slab fluids added to the mantle wedge and/or homogenization effect of variable δ44/40Ca for the slab fluids. At cold subduction zones, a fraction of carbonates from the AOL may survive during slab dehydration and recycle into the deep mantle.
Impact of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalizations with Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a commonly occurring comorbidity in hospitalized patients. Our objective was to identify the role of AKI in relation to the morbidity and mortality in Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (NVUGIB) patients. Study: Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used from the year 2000 to 2014 and queried for patients with NVUGIB. Patients were further stratified with and without the presence of concomitant AKI. Weighed multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the final conclusions of the study. Results: Total of 4,889,410 patients with NVUGIB were identified during the study period. AKI was a comorbid condition in 6.37% of all patients. Incidence of AKI in NVUGIB patients has increased over five-fold over the study period. After adjusting for confounders through multivariate regression model, patients in the AKI group had higher odds of mortality (OR 2.84, p < 0.001). Additionally, patients with AKI were more likely to receive blood transfusion (OR 1.30, p < 0.001), had longer length of stay (+ 1.73 days, p < 0.001), had higher hospital charges (+ $16,221, p < 0.001), and had higher disposition to intermediate care facility (OR 1.84, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Incidence of AKI in hospitalized NVUGIB patients has increased dramatically. Interestingly, AKI is also associated with higher morbidity and mortality in NVUGIB patients. Consequently, AKI should be used as a marker for disease severity in hospitalized NVUGIB patients.
Mode‐dependent intermediate variable‐based fault estimation for Markovian jump systems with multiple faults

This article investigates the problem of mode‐dependent intermediate variable‐based fault estimation for Markovian jump systems subject to time‐varying delay, exogenous disturbance, process, and sensor faults. The advantages of the proposed design method are: (i) it estimates not only the unknown fault signals, but also the immeasurable states of the system; and (ii) it relaxes the observer matching condition that should be essential for most of the existing fault estimation strategies. In order to facilitate the analysis, the actual system is transformed into an augmented system by including the sensor fault as an auxiliary state. On the basis of which, the intermediate variable and the corresponding observers are established. Following this, two error dynamics are formulated in such a way that a new mode‐ and delay‐dependent boundedness criterion in the probability sense is developed in accordance with the traditional Lyapunov method. Then the theoretical results obtained are validated by using an example based on the F‐404 aircraft engine system. In addition, a comparative study is carried out in the deduced form of the actual system as a special case, where it is shown that the proposed method widens the delay interval compared with some of the recently existing works.
A System Identification-Based Damage-Detection Method for Gravity Dams

Dams are essential infrastructures as they provide a range of economic, environmental, and social benefits to the local populations. Damage in the body of these structures may lead to an irreparable disaster. This paper presents a cost-effective vibration-based framework to identify the dynamic properties and damage of the dams. To this end, four commonly occurred damage scenarios, including (1) damage in the neck of the dam, (2) damage in the toe of the structure, (3) simultaneous damage in the neck and the toe of the dam, and (4) damage in the lifting joints of the dam, are considered. The proposed method is based on processing the acceleration response of a gravity dam under ambient excitations. First, the random decrement technique (RDT) is applied to determine the free-vibration of the structure using the structural response. Then, a combined method based on Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT) and Wavelet Transform (WT) is presented to obtain the dynamic properties of the structure. Next, the cubic-spline technique is used to make the mode shapes differentiable. Finally, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is applied to the residual values of mode shape curvatures between intact and damaged structures to estimate the damage location. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method in field condition, 10% noise is added to the structural response. Results show promising accuracy in estimating the location of damage even when the structure is subjected to simultaneous damage in different locations.
Scientists' warning on extreme wildfire risks to water supply

2020 is the year of wildfire records. California experienced its three largest fires early in its fire season. The Pantanal, the largest wetland on the planet, burned over 20% of its surface. More than 18 million hectares of forest and bushland burned during the 2019–2020 fire season in Australia, killing 33 people, destroying nearly 2500 homes, and endangering many endemic species. The direct cost of damages is being counted in dozens of billion dollars, but the indirect costs on water‐related ecosystem services and benefits could be equally expensive, with impacts lasting for decades. In Australia, the extreme precipitation (“200 mm day −1 in several location”) that interrupted the catastrophic wildfire season triggered a series of watershed effects from headwaters to areas downstream. The increased runoff and erosion from burned areas disrupted water supplies in several locations. These post‐fire watershed hazards via source water contamination, flash floods, and mudslides can represent substantial, systemic long‐term risks to drinking water production, aquatic life, and socio‐economic activity. Scenarios similar to the recent event in Australia are now predicted to unfold in the Western USA. This is a new reality that societies will have to live with as uncharted fire activity, water crises, and widespread human footprint collide all‐around of the world. Therefore, we advocate for a more proactive approach to wildfire‐watershed risk governance in an effort to advance and protect water security. We also argue that there is no easy solution to reducing this risk and that investments in both green (i.e., natural) and grey (i.e., built) infrastructure will be necessary. Further, we propose strategies to combine modern data analytics with existing tools for use by water and land managers worldwide to leverage several decades worth of data and knowledge on post‐fire hydrology.
Contract Manufacturer’s Encroachment Strategy considering Fairness Concern in Supply Chain

More and more contract manufacturers have started to establish their own brands besides providing manufacturing service for retailers who operate exclusive well-known brands. This paper studies the encroachment strategy of a contract manufacturer in a supply chain and the impact of fairness concern. Four scenarios are investigated by building game models: no fairness concern, the retailer’s fairness concern, the contract manufacturer’s fairness concern, and both members’ fairness concern. The results show that when there is no fairness concern, the contract manufacturer always has motivation to encroach. However, when there exists fairness concern, only when the reservation price is sufficiently high, the contract manufacturer will encroach. Fairness concern has certain strength to stop the contract manufacturer’s encroachment. When the reservation price is sufficiently low, the encroachment of the contract manufacturer benefits the retailer, or else it will harm the benefit of the retailer. The effect of fairness concern on profit margin and wholesale price decisions is opposite under different encroachment strategies. However, the fairness concern has no impact on the retail price of the private brand. Under encroachment strategy, contract manufacturer’s or both members’ fairness concerns have positive effect on the retailer’s profit in certain conditions. However, the fairness concern always decreases the contract manufacturer’s profit no matter what the form it is. Numerical examples show that it is best for the supply chain that both members have fairness concern under no encroachment. However, when the contract manufacturer has a private brand, it is best for the supply chain that no one has fairness concern when the advantageous inequity concern parameter is sufficiently low. When the advantageous inequity concern parameter is sufficiently high, it is best for the supply chain that both members have fairness concern.
The Interplay Between Ambipolar Electric Field and Coulomb Collisions in the Solar Wind Acceleration Region

The solar wind protons are accelerated to supersonic velocities within the distance of 10 solar radii from the Sun, as a consequence of a complex physical mechanism including particle kinetic effects as well as the field‐particle energy and momentum exchange. We use a numerical kinetic model of the solar wind, accounting for Coulomb collisions (BiCoP), and model a solar wind accelerated only by the ambipolar electrostatic filed (E) arising due to the difference in mass between electron and proton, and assuring quasi‐neutrality and zero current. We study the effect E, which was found to be on the order of Dreicer electric field (ED) (Dreicer, 1959), has on the resulting electron velocity distribution functions. The strahl electron radial evolution is represented by means of its pitch‐angle width (PAW), and the strahl parallel temperature (Ts,‖). A continuous transition between collisional and weakly collisional regime results in broader PAW, compared to the single‐exobase prediction imposed by the exospheric models. Collisions were found to scatter strahl electrons below 250 eV, which in turn has an effect on the measured Ts,‖. A slight increase was found in Ts,‖ with radial distance, and was stronger for the more collisional run. We estimate that the coronal electron temperature inferred from the observations of Ts,‖ in the solar wind, would be overestimated for between 8% and 15%.
Generalized design of a versatile tri‐frequency Wilkinson power divider

This article presents the design, conceptualization, and validation of a generalized architecture for a Wilkinson Power Divider (WPD). The proposed design strategy highlights the versatility of incorporating a broad variety of dual‐band impedance transformers as a part of the WPD, thereby extending its range of applications. As an example, a DC blocking variant of the proposed WPD has also been designed for demonstration. Simple closed‐form design equations have been developed and validated with classical examples and case studies. Finally, two prototypes‐ one ordinary and another DC blocking variant have been fabricated on RO4350 (ɛr = 3.6) substrate and measured. The measurement results are well in accordance with the simulations, thereby validating the proposed design theory.
Radiological health assessment due to gamma radiation levels of natural radioactivity of soil in vicinity of Nichahoma lignite belt, Kashmir Valley

Abstract The measurements of activity concentrations in soil of the lignite belt and soil of the villages surrounding the lignite belt have been carried out in order to present the radiological health hazards due to gamma radiation levels of the soil to general public. A low- background Pb-shielded gamma spectroscopic counting assembly utilizing NaI(Tl) detector was employed for the measurements. The activity concentration of radionuclides have been determined and compared with the international and national recommended values. A correlation analysis was also performed in order to predict the contribution of the respective nuclides towards the measured dose rate and to the find the existence of these radioactive nuclides together in the study area.
Thermodynamic Research of S-H2O System in Sodium Aluminate Solution

There are many different types of valence of sufur in aluminate sodium solution during the process of the bauxite dissolution, which mainly including S2-, S22-, S, S2O32-, SO32-, SO42- and it may have an effect on the mineral dissolution process. Therefore, it is necessary that the thermodynamic properties of S-H2O system were investigated in sodium aluminate solution. In this paper, the reactions between different valence states of sulfur and lye (with or without oxygen participation) were studied in sodium aluminate solution. The thermodynamic software Factsage 7.0 was carried out to calculate the standard reaction Gibbs free energy (ΔGTθ). The results showed that S2- and SO42- are the most stability in terms of the autoreactive reaction of different valence states at 298-573 K, and that the stability of different valence states of sufur order is “S22- >(S2O32-, SO32-) >S”. At 523 K, SO32- is more stable than S2O32-. On the other hand, the low-valent sulfur was more likely to be oxidized into SO42- under oxidizing conditions at 298-573 K. Besides, it was also found that S22- is most susceptible to oxidation because of the lowest stability. Finally, the stability of the other valence states of sulfur under oxidizing conditions order is “SO32- >S2O32- >S2- >S”.
Validation of the Molar Flow Rates of Oil and Gas in Three-Phase Separators Using Aspen Hysys

A three-phase separator is the first vessel encountered by well fluids. The application of separators has been of great value to the oil and gas industry. In order to generate the gas phase envelope that is applicable to the study of reservoir fluid and the selection of optimum operating conditions of separators, this research utilizes a specified reservoir fluid stream to simulate a three-phase separator executed in Aspen HYSYS. Subsequently, a comparative study of the effects of specified inlet operating conditions on the output of gas and oil streams was carried out. The results show that changing the inlet pressure of the separator from 1000 to 8000 kPa reduces the gas outlet flow from 1213 to 908.6 kg mol/h, while it increases the liquid flow rate from 374 to 838.0 kg mole/h. By changing the temperature of the separator feed stream from 13 to 83 °C, the gas outlet stream was raised from 707.4 to 1111 kg mol/h, while the liquid flow rate dropped from 1037.0 to 646.1 kg mol/h. It was observed that the concentration of the outlet methane product is not affected by changing the flow rate of the feed stream at a specific pressure and temperature. Therefore, the thermodynamic property method is appropriate to simulate the separation of reservoir fluids which was achieved by selecting the Peng–Robinson (PR) model. The operating conditions of the separator were at 8000 kPa and 43 °C, which lies right on the dew point line. This is comparable to similar work on CHEMCAD which was in turn validated by plant data. Thus, the gas flow rate and the oil flow rate were dependent on pressure and temperature conditions of the plant.