Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new species of Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 from the Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam, with additional information on Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953 (Squamata: Colubridae)

We describe a new species of Oligodon from the highlands of the Langbian Plateau, southern Truong Son Mountains, Vietnam, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species, Oligodon rostralis sp. nov is distinguished from its congeners by the following morphological characters: medium size in adults (male TL = 582 mm); small and broad head with long protruding snout; dorsal scale row formula 15-15-13; 167 ventrals, 47 subcaudals; single preocular, single postocular; loreal and presubocular absent; six supralabials, third and fourth entering orbit; six infralabials, anterior four contacting first pair of chin shields; internasals separate from prefrontals; nasal divided; single anterior and two posterior temporals; cloacal plate undivided; hemipenes short, bilobed, bifurcating in anterior one third of their length, extending to 8th subcaudal, lacking spines and papillae, with a prominent transverse flounces and distal calyces; six maxillary teeth, the posterior three enlarged; dorsal pattern consisting of 14+4 large dark-brown blotches and a bright-orange vertebral stripe on tail and dorsum; and ventral surfaces in life cream laterally with dark quadrangular spots; dark temporal streak present, edged with white. We also provide additional information on O. annamensis, including a morphological dataset of all specimens known from natural history collections and confirmation of an earlier record of O. annamensis from Cambodia. We also provide the first record of O. annamensis for Dak Lak Province. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA genes (3,131 bp of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cyt b) suggest sister relationships of Oligodon rostralis sp. nov. and O. annamensis and place them in one clade with the O. cyclurus and O. taeniatus species groups, which is concordant with previous studies on the phylogenetic relationships of Oligodon. Our study demonstrates high level of herpetofaunal diversity and endemism of Langbian Plateau and further supports the importance of this area for conservation herpetofaunal diversity in Indochina.
DNA-dependent protein kinase promotes DNA end processing by MRN and CtIP

DNA-dependent protein kinase regulates end processing for homologous recombination. The repair of DNA double-strand breaks occurs through nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination in vertebrate cells—a choice that is thought to be decided by a competition between DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex but is not well understood. Using ensemble biochemistry and single-molecule approaches, here, we show that the MRN complex is dependent on DNA-PK and phosphorylated CtIP to perform efficient processing and resection of DNA ends in physiological conditions, thus eliminating the competition model. Endonucleolytic removal of DNA-PK–bound DNA ends is also observed at double-strand break sites in human cells. The involvement of DNA-PK in MRN-mediated end processing promotes an efficient and sequential transition from nonhomologous end joining to homologous recombination by facilitating DNA-PK removal.
Medication Reconciliation: An Educational Module

Introduction Patients often transition between health care settings, such as office to hospital, hospital to nursing facility, or hospital to home. When a patient is admitted, it is imperative that clinicians review prior medication lists along with new orders to reconcile any discrepancies. This process should occur in a standardized manner to reduce medication errors leading to adverse events and patient harm. Methods We developed this program as an instructional method via PowerPoint to teach the importance of accurate medication reconciliation. We implemented the program in multiple grand rounds settings with students, trainees, and attending physicians in internal medicine and surgery. Approximately 150 learners attended the sessions. We assessed learners with pre/post self-efficacy assessment (74 completed precourse surveys, 39 completed posttest surveys, and 49 participated in the audience response during the course) and multiple-choice knowledge questions. Results The results of the postcourse knowledge assessment demonstrated improvement in every question we tested, with two of the improvements reaching statistical significance. We found that 30% of attendees were not at all confident or only somewhat confident in conducting an appropriate medication reconciliation on admission to the hospital. Additionally, 82% of respondents reported that the presentation was likely or extremely likely to improve their medication reconciliation efforts. Discussion Our educational program was successful in improving learners’ knowledge in every question we tested; however, only two of the improvements were statistically significant. Our program is an organized and effective tool for teaching effective and reliable medication reconciliation.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Soldiers – A Cross-Sectional Assessment in German Paratroopers and Navy Soldiers and a Literature Review

Introduction The study was performed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of occurrence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in paratroopers and navy soldiers by anonymously analyzing medical records from the medical departments of two large German barracks in order to assess the need for medical STI prevention. Methods Medical records from 80 paratroopers and 80 navy soldiers were screened for records of STI. Results were anonymously collected next to information on risk factors, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic management, and comparatively assessed. Results Proportions of suspected STIs were 17.5% and 20%, and proportions of diagnosed STIs were 13.9% and 11.3% for paratroopers and navy soldiers, respectively. Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus, and genital scabies were observed in paratroopers and navy soldiers, while Gardnerella vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis were additionally identified in navy soldiers. Conclusions Although clinical hints for STIs were frequently observed, clinical management was usually restricted to syndrome-based antibiotic treatment without detailed diagnostic workup, leaving room for procedural improvement. Ongoing need for medical STI prevention in the military could be confirmed.
Análisis de la prevalencia de tipos de VPH en muestras de citologías ginecológicas en la población no vacunada. Estudio en la Comunidad de Extremadura

espanolCon la intencion de conocer la situacion de la infeccion por VPH entre las mujeres extremenas no vacunadas contra el virus, se analizan las 355.938 citologias estudiadas en la Comunidad de Extremadura, bajo un plan de cribado oportunista, entre los anos 2002 y 2013. Estas corresponde a 173.841 mujeres, de entre las que se extrae una muestra sin lesiones citologicas y sin antecedentes ginecologicos de 593 mujeres. Los diagnosticos citologicos se clasificaron atendiendo al consenso de Bethesda (1), con los resultados siguientes: negativo para lesion intraepitelial o malignidad 93,3%; ASC-US, 1%; ASC-H, 0,1%; L-SIL, 1,6%; H-SIL, 0,3%. Se realizo el diagnostico de carcinoma escamoso en 42 ocasiones, de ACG en 55 y de adenocarcinoma en 42. Se analizo la presencia de DNA de VPH mediante VPH Direct Flow CHIP®. Se detecto DNA de VPH en el 65% de las citologias ginecologicas analizadas, siendo la prevalencia de los diez primeros genotipos, en orden descendente, la siguiente: 16 (35%), 31 (15%), 53 (13%), 66 (11%), 42 (9%), 52 (9%), 6 (9%), 58 (8%), 58 (8%), 18 (8%). La prevalencia cruda de infeccion fue del 6% y del 5,74% al ajustar por grupos de edad, segun poblacion mundial estandar para el anos 2010 (2). 1. Nayar R, Wilbur DC. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes. Springer; 2015. 2. Pace M, Cayotte E, Agafitei L, Zupanic T, Wojtyniak B, et al. Revision of the European Standard Population: Report of Eurostat�s Task Force: 2013 Edition. Publications Office; 2013. EnglishWith the aim of determining the status of HPV infection among unvaccinated women against the virus in Extremadura, 355.938 smears were studied, under an opportunistic screening plan, between 2002 and 2013. The total analyzed cytology corresponds to 173,841 women, including a sample without cytological lesions and no gynecological history of 593 women. The cytological diagnoses were classified attending the consensus of Bethesda (1), with the following results: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy 93.3%; ASC-US, 1%; ASC-H, 0.1%; L-SIL, 1.6%; H-SIL, 0.3%. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in 42 cases, ACG was held on 55 and 42 adenocarcinoma . The presence of HPV DNA was analyzed by HPV Direct Flow CHIP (Master Diagnostic, Granada, Spain). HPV DNA was detected in 65% of gynecologic cytology tested, with the prevalence of the top ten genotypes, in descending order, as follows: 16 (35%), 31 (15%), 53 (13%), 66 (11%), 42 (9%), 52 (9%) 6 (9%), 58 (8%), 58 (8%), 18 (8%). A crude prevalence infection of 6% and 5.74% when adjusting for age groups identified as world standard population for the year 2010 (2) was observed. 1. Nayar R, Wilbur DC. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes. Springer; 2015. 2. Pace M, Cayotte E, Agafitei L, Zupanic T, Wojtyniak B, Gissler M, et al. Revision of the European Standard Population: Report of Eurostat�s Task Force: 2013 Edition. Publications Office; 2013.
Lymph Flow Induces the Postnatal Formation of Mature and Functional Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels

Recently, the presence of lymphatics has been demonstrated and characterized in the dura mater, which is in contrast to the well-accepted view indicating the lack of a classical lymphatic drainage system of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, the role of meningeal lymphatics in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis was suggested. However, the possible regulators of the developmental program and function of meningeal lymphatics remain unclear. Here, we aimed at characterizing the lymph flow dependence of the developmental program and function of the meningeal lymphatics. First, we demonstrated that lymphatics present in the dura mater are involved in the uptake and transport of macromolecules from the CNS. Meningeal lymphatics develop during the postnatal period which process involves the maturation of the vessels. The formation of mature meningeal lymphatics coincides with the increase of the drainage of macromolecules from the CNS to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Importantly, the structural remodeling and maturation of meningeal lymphatics is impaired in Plcγ2−/− mice with reduced lymph flow. Furthermore, macromolecule uptake and transport by the meningeal lymphatics are also affected in Plcγ2−/− mice. Collectively, lymph flow-induced mechanical forces are required for the postnatal formation of mature and functional meningeal lymphatic vessels. Defining lymph flow-dependence of the development and function of meningeal lymphatics may lead to better understanding of the pathogenesis of neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
Satysfakcja z życia kobiet ciężarnych

Introduction. Satisfaction with life refers to the cognitive process of every individual. It is described as the feeling of satisfaction, which is a resultant concerning expectations and obtained effects. Purpose of the study. The objective of the study was assessment of the level of satisfaction with life in pregnant women, according to socioeconomic situation. Materials and methods. The study covered 203 expectant mothers who reported to gynecological-obstetric clinics in the city of Lublin, and was conducted from January – April 2013. Consent was obtained from the examined women to participate in the research after the purpose and the course of examination had been explained. The study was voluntary and anonymous. The research was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using the standardized Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and a questionnaire designed by the author for collecting demographic data. Results. Based on the average evaluations of satisfaction with life, it was found that 70.94% (n = 144) of women felt average satisfaction with life. Low satisfaction with life was reported by 14.78%. However, a high satisfaction was experienced by 14.28% (n = 29) of the examined pregnant women. Average satisfaction with life in the examined group of pregnant women was 22.35 ± 5.50. Conclusions. Analysis of the obtained findings showed that the examined expectant mothers were characterized by average satisfaction with life. Age conditioned satisfaction with life of the pregnant women, which was higher in the group of women aged 19–34, compared to those aged under 18. Women’s satisfaction with life in the period of pregnancy was conditioned by marital status and material standard. Pregnant women with university education felt greater satisfaction with life than those who had secondary, elementary, or vocational education.
HEV Occurrence in Waste and Drinking Water Treatment Plants

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), particularly zoonotic genotype 3, is present in environmental waters worldwide, especially in industrialized countries. Thus, monitoring the presence of HEV in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is an emerging topic due to the importance of reusing water on a global level. Given the limited data, this study aimed to monitor the occurrence of HEV in influent and effluent water in waste- and drinking-water treatment plants (WWTPs and DWTPs). To this end, different procedures to concentrate HEV in influent and effluent water from WWTPs and DWTPs were initially evaluated. The evaluated procedures resulted in average HEV recoveries of 15.2, 19.9, and 16.9% in influent, effluent, and drinking water samples, respectively, with detection limits ranging from 103 to 104 international units (IU)/L. Then, a one-year pilot study was performed to evaluate the performance of the selected concentration method coupled with three RT-qPCR assays in influent and effluent water samples from four different WWTPs. HEV prevalence in influent water varied based on both the RT-qPCR assay and WWTP, while HEV was not detected in effluent water samples. In addition, HEV prevalence using only RT-qPCR3 was evaluated in influent (n = 62) and effluent samples (n = 52) from four WWTPs as well as influent (n = 28) and effluent (n = 28) waters from two DWTPs. The present study demonstrated that HEV circulated in the Valencian region at around 30.65% with average concentrations of 6.3 × 103 IU/L. HEV was only detected in influent wastewater samples, effluent samples from WWTPs and influent and effluent samples from DWTPs were negative. However, given that the infective dose in waterborne epidemics settings is not yet known and the low sensibility of the assay, unfortunately, no direct conclusion could be achieved on the risk assessment of environmental contamination. Graphical Abstract Method performance and HEV prevalence in waters.
IV. Discussion from the Point of View of the Physicist. LXXXII

My first comments have to do with the question: Is there localization in the cochlea for low tones? When one listens to a moderately loud 50-cycle pure tone, for example, one hears not only the 50cycle tone but tones of 100, 150, 200, 250, etc., cycles or tones which are harmonics of the 50-cycle tone. These harmonics are not present in the sound wave in the air but are introduced by the ear. They are called subjective harmonics. This phenomenon, which is of common occurrence in overloaded or nonlinear transmission systems, is supposed, in the case of the ear, to be due to overloading in the mechanism which transmits the sound wave from the eardrum to the inner ear.
Suicide, Stigma, and Utilizing Social Media Platforms to Gauge Public Perceptions

Introduction: Suicide, a multifaceted complex outcome that arises from numerous biopsychosocial factors, is a public health concern which is growing in numbers despite valiant prevention efforts. There is still a lot of stigma surrounding suicide that needs to be addressed. Social media is growing exponentially and there are many forums where suicidality is being discussed. As a result, we conducted a brief survey on the perception of suicide on social media platforms of Facebook and Reddit in order to gather more information. Results: Of the 152 respondents, 86% believed that suicide is preventable, and 72.85% believed that it is a person’s right to die by suicide. About a third (31.79%) had lost someone close to them to suicide. Respondents who did not think suicide was preventable also viewed suicide as either a sign of strength (42.86%) or a revenge act (33.3%). Those who responded that someone close to them died by suicide believed that the media glorified suicide (56.25%) while those who did not lose someone, did not believe that (66.99%). Women (61%) found social media to be a good platform for people to ask for help while men did not (60.61%). Conclusions: We utilized the social media platforms to gauge the perception of suicide and found among the sample of mostly young white respondents, suicide is not stigmatized, most believed it is preventable and it is a person’s right to die by suicide. While women found social media to be a good platform to ask for support, men did not, which is in keeping with the trend that women tend to be more willing to seek help. A third of the group had lost someone close to them to suicide which was the national average, who tended to believe that media glorified suicide. Limitations of this study include the fact that those who respond voluntarily to a survey likely have an interest in the topic, and this might not accurately reflect the public opinion and attitude.
Opposing Somatic and Dendritic Expression of Stimulus-Selective Response Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Daily exposure of awake mice to a phase-reversing visual grating stimulus leads to enhancement of the visual-evoked potential (VEP) in layer 4 of the primary visual cortex (V1). This stimulus-selective response potentiation (SRP) resembles and shares mechanistic requirements with canonical long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). However, it remains to be determined how this augmentation of a population response translates into altered neuronal activity of individual V1 neurons. To address this question, we performed longitudinal calcium imaging of layer 4 excitatory neurons in V1 and tracked changes associated with the induction and expression of SRP. We found no evidence for a net change in the fraction of visually responsive neurons as the stimulus became familiar. However, endoscopic calcium imaging of layer 4 principal neurons revealed that somatic calcium transients in response to phase-reversals of the familiar visual stimulus are reduced and undergo strong within-session adaptation. Conversely, neuropil calcium responses and VEPs are enhanced during familiar stimulus viewing, and the VEPs show reduced within-session adaptation. Consistent with the exquisite selectivity of SRP, the plasticity of cellular responses to phase-reversing gratings did not translate into altered orientation selectivity to drifting gratings. Our findings suggest a model in which augmentation of fast, short-latency synaptic (dendritic) responses, manifested as enhanced layer 4 VEPs, recruits inhibition to suppress cellular activity. Reduced cellular activity to the familiar stimulus may account for the behavioral correlate of SRP, orientation-selective long-term habituation.
Robust Understanding of Robot-Directed Speech Commands Using Sequence to Sequence With Noise Injection

This paper describes a new method that enables a service robot to understand spoken commands in a robust manner using off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems and an encoder-decoder neural network with noise injection. In numerous instances, the understanding of spoken commands in the area of service robotics is modeled as a mapping of speech signals to a sequence of commands that can be understood and performed by a robot. In a conventional approach, speech signals are recognized, and semantic parsing is applied to infer the command sequence from the utterance. However, if errors occur during the process of speech recognition, a conventional semantic parsing method cannot be appropriately applied because most natural language processing methods do not recognize such errors. We propose the use of encoder-decoder neural networks, e.g., sequence to sequence, with noise injection. The noise is injected into phoneme sequences during the training phase of encoder-decoder neural network-based semantic parsing systems. We demonstrate that the use of neural networks with a noise injection can mitigate the negative effects of speech recognition errors in understanding robot-directed speech commands i.e., increase the performance of semantic parsing. We implemented the method and evaluated it using the commands given during a general purpose service robot (GPSR) task, such as a task applied in RoboCup@Home, which is a standard service robot competition for the testing of service robots. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method, namely, sequence to sequence with noise injection (Seq2Seq-NI), outperforms the baseline methods. In addition, Seq2Seq-NI enables a robot to understand a spoken command even when the speech recognition by an off-the-shelf ASR system contains recognition errors. Moreover, in this paper we describe an experiment conducted to evaluate the influence of the injected noise and provide a discussion of the results.