Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shear Deactivation of Cellulase, Exoglucanase, Endoglucanase, and β‐Glucosidase in a Mechanically Agitated Reactor

Shear deactivation of cellulase and its major component enzymes, viz., exoglucanase (exo‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucan‐4‐cellobiohydrolase), endoglucanase (endo‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanhydrolase), and 1,4‐β‐glucosidase, was carried out by exposing cellulase to shear in a mechanically agitated reactor in the presence as well as in the absence of the substrate cellulose. Cellulase was found to undergo deactivation when subjected to shear, and the extent of deactivation increased with increasing speed of agitation. Among the three major component enzymes of cellulase, exoglucanase showed rapid deactivation and contributed the most to cellulase deactivation. The presence of a substrate did not affect the deactivation of cellulase.
Ultrastructural morphometric investigation of early lesions in the pulmonary alveolar region of pigs during experimental swine influenza infection.

Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free pigs with swine influenza virus by the intratracheal route resulted in a severe respiratory disease that closely resembled natural swine influenza in clinical course and pathologic lesions. Alveolar epithelial necrosis with sloughing of necrotic cells occurred from 24 to 96 hours after inoculation (p.i.) and was associated with alveolar edema and diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. The latter, initially of neutrophilic character, became histiocytic 48 hours p.i. Ultrastructural analysis of alveolar parenchyma disclosed viral replication in epithelial cells beginning at 5 hours p.i. and lasting to 96 hours. Budding of pleomorphic virus particles from the surface of alveolar epithelial cells and accumulation of viral proteins within the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells were seen. The extent of parenchymal lesions as quantified by stereologic morphometry within the whole lung was characterized by a marked relative and absolute volume increase of interalveolar septa and increased air-blood tissue barrier thickness. The volume increase of interalveolar septa was due to an increase of interstitial tissue volume by 85% in pigs at 96 hours p.i. , compared with control pigs with similar lung volumes.
El uso del espacio en las lenguas de señas: un marco teórico

Stokoe, en 1960, fue el primero en tratar una lengu a de señas como una lengua real, con una estructura paralela a la de las lenguas hablada s. Como consecuencia del proceso iniciado por Stokoe las lenguas de señas son recono cidas hoy en todo el mundo como verdaderas lenguas humanas. Tal reconocimiento ha m otivado interesantes inquietudes lingüísticas relacionadas con el efecto de la modal idad visuo-espacial sobre la estructura de las lenguas de señas.
Persistent Infection of BSC-1 Cells by Defective Measles Virus Derived From Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

A line of cells (IP-3), persistently infected with defective measles virus, was developed from co-cultures of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis-derived brain cells with monkey kidney cells (BSC-1). The line, carried for more than 45 serial passages, produced neither infectious virus nor hemagglutinin. Cultures consistently displayed a cycling focal cytopathic pattern of infection characterized by formation of syncytia, necrosis, and plaques followed by healing. Fluorescent measles antigen was present in damaged areas only, especially in syncytia. The development of syncytia was suppressed by measles antibody. Syncytia were lysed by antibody plus rabbit complement. A variant noncytopathic subline (IP-3-Ca) was derived from the 16th passage. Infectious virus was not detected. Cells were minimally positive for hemadsorption. Fluorescent measles antigen was present in all cells. Co-cultures of IP-3-Ca cells with normal BSC-1 cells developed massive syncytia and extensive destruction. The IP-3-Ca cells multiplied in the presence of measles antibodies and were destroyed by antibodies plus complement. The possible relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is discussed.
Transforming activity of E5a protein of human papillomavirus type 6 in NIH 3T3 and C127 cells

Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) is the etiologic agent of genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. We are investigating the mechanism by which this virus stimulates cell proliferation during infection. In this paper, we report that the E5a gene of HPV-6c, an independent isolate of HPV-11, is capable of transforming NIH 3T3 cells. The E5a open reading frame (ORF) was expressed under the control of the mouse metallothionein promoter in the expression vector pMt.neo. 1, which also contains the gene for G418 resistance. Transfected cells were selected for G418 resistance and analyzed for a transformed phenotype. The transformed NIH 3T3 cells overgrew a confluent monolayer, had an accelerated generation time, and were anchorage independent. In contrast, E5a did not induce foci in C127 cells, but C127 cells expressing E5a did form small colonies in suspension. The presence of the 12-kilodalton E5a gene product in the transformed NIH 3T3 cells was shown by immunoprecipitation and was localized predominantly to nuclei by an immunoperoxidase assay. A mutation in the E5a ORF was engineered to terminate translation. This mutant was defective for transformation, demonstrating that translation of the E5a ORF is required for biological activity. This is the first demonstration of a transforming oncogene in HPV-6, and the differential activity of E5a in these two cell lines should facilitate future investigations on the mechanism of transformation.
A new configuration of magnetic coupled power transfer using parallel line feeder

This paper newly proposes a configuration of magnetic coupling in wireless power transform using parallel line power feeder. Previous researches mentioned that coil design and optimization of circuit parameters are necessary for strong magnetic coupled resonance. Then, these constraints prevent expansion of coverage area of wireless power transfer to electric portable devices, and electric vehicles. In order to make breakthrough against these limitations, this paper introduces parallel line as a feeder. The frequency of the electromagnetic wave is selected at 13.56 [MHz] in high frequency (HF) band, which is suitable for strong magnetic coupled resonance. Fundamental characteristics are evaluated by using equivalent circuits which are referred to the previous works. Theoretical analysis asserts that impedance transform is necessary in a power source and load circuits. Computer simulation evaluates a mutual inductance between primary and secondary coils, and optimum value of load resistance is clarified. Finally, input impedance and S-parameter are evaluated when power source circuit and feeder circuit are magnetic coupled resonance, these results imply that enhancement of power transfer efficiency is a further study.
Steno-Occlusive Carotid Artery Disease in the Setting of Acute Ischemic Stroke: To Stent or Not to Stent?

Emergent carotid artery stent placement for acute ischemic stroke is becoming an important new treatment strategy that may reverse existing neurological deficits as well as prevent early stroke worsening and early recurrent stroke. However, caution must be taken because patients may suffer neurological worsening from new emboli, reperfusion intracerebral hemorrhage, anticoagulation-related hemorrhage, and/or infarct expansion related to procedure-induced hypotension. New strategies to reduce these complications and increase recanalization rates are an important part of current endovascular stroke research. Nikas et al. describe their center’s safety and feasibility data on urgent internal carotid artery (ICA) stenting for acute ischemic stroke related to severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis or acute ICA occlusions. Their acute stroke protocol includes rapid carotid ultrasound evaluation and referral to endovascular intervention of patients who have severe ipsilateral ICA stenosis, a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score . 4, head computed tomography (CT) showing early ischemic changes in less than a third of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, and presentation within 6 hours of symptom onset. Patients underwent carotid stent placement for atherosclerotic lesions (14 patients) or dissection (4 patients), with a small number (3/18) undergoing adjunctive intra-arterial thrombolysis; most (73%) had cerebral protection devices deployed during the procedure. Adjunctive treatment included administration of aspirin and clopidogrel (loading doses) prior to stenting and maintenance of a systolic blood pressure ,140 mmHg in the post-procedure period. The authors’ approach raises several interesting areas of discussion. Firstly, other groups have been using rapid ultrasound evaluation, both carotid Doppler and transcranial Doppler continuous monitoring, to aid decision making in acute stroke treatment. Transcranial Doppler monitoring has been particularly useful for patient response to intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and to identify candidates for endovascular rescue therapy. For example, patients without early recanalization after intravenous rtPA are unlikely to recanalize and therefore may be good candidates for endovascular treatment. Proximal MCA occlusions, compared to distal MCA occlusions, are less likely to respond to intravenous rtPA, so these patients may be good candidates for endovascular therapy. Emergent carotid ultrasound alone may be useful to screen candidates for endovascular therapy. Severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis has been shown to be a predictor of early vessel reocclusion after intravenous rtPA therapy, so these patients may be candidates for endovascular rescue therapy. The importance of good patient selection cannot be underemphasized. Stroke onset to
Acquired Epilepsy A Study of 535 Cases

ETIOLOGICALLY, persons having epileptic seizures are generally divided into two groups. The seizures of one group are based on a transmitted “constitution’’ or tendency to seizures, the other on some pathologic change in the brain acquired after conception. In some persons both factors contribute. This presentation will consider those patients whose history or examinations point to a structural change in the brain, gross or microscopic, that antedated the first seizure and hence might account wholly or in part for the epilepsy. From the standpoints of prevention and treatment this subject is of much interest, yet suprisingly little has been reported on groups of non-institutional patients. Much depends on the selection of cases, whether children or adults, civilian or military, and whether a neurologist or a neurosurgeon is reporting. The completeness and interpretation of data also make a difference.
NETWORK ATROPHY IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY STUDY

NETWORK ATROPHY IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY STUDY To the Editor: We read the article by Riederer at al.1 with interest. The authors confirmed previous findings on mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) showing that hippocampal atrophy is associated with a well-defined network of extrahippocampal gray matter loss. They also demonstrated that cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy (cTLE) is associated with a pattern of gray matter atrophy.2-4 Their results indicate that there are subtle differences in the anatomic distribution of damage in patients with mTLE compared to those with cTLE. The cTLE and mTLE groups had varying levels of epilepsy severity yet both groups exhibited extrahippocampal atrophy and the pattern in each group was unique. Since VBM traditionally relies on the comparison of means of gray matter volume across different groups, reproducible findings on mTLE may indicate that patients with mTLE comprise a homogenous group. In comparison, patients with cTLE are likely more heterogeneous with outliers having pronounced brain damage. This may explain why the distribution of atrophy in cTLE is scattered across different brain areas and why previous studies have been unable to consistently observe differences between cTLE and controls. What is the primary cause of extrahippocampal atrophy in TLE? Two common hypotheses are that brain atrophy in patients with TLE may be due to excitotoxic effect from seizures as they spread. Alternatively, it may be due to remote deafferentation from loss of hippocampal connections. Riederer et al. suggest that hippocampal atrophy alone is not responsible for causing brain atrophy yet plays a partial role in shaping the location and extent of atrophy. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings while considering the severity of epilepsy. It is possible that both recurrent seizures and hippocampal atrophy are necessary to generate a diffuse and homogeneous pattern of extrahippocampal atrophy.
Intestinal lipid absorption, GLP-2, and CD36: still more mysteries to moving fat.

Intestinal lipid transport is a highly evolved and astonishingly efficient process whose genetic basis and metabolic regulation continues to provide surprises. The essence of the process (Figure 1) involves uptake of micellarized dietary long chain fatty acids (FA) and monoglyceride across the microvillus membrane, transport through apical cytoplasmic domains, and enzymatic reassembly into complex lipid droplets within membrane profiles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1 . These lipid droplets then fuse with a requisite structural protein, apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48), in a process involving physical interaction of the nascent apoB48 protein at its amino terminus with a resident ER chaperone, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp), thereby initiating formation of a primordial lipoprotein particle 1 . Further addition of neutral lipid within the ER allows progressive enlargement of the lipoprotein particle, which is surrounded by a single molecule of apoB48 1 . The maturing lipoprotein particles (prechylomicrons) undergo vectorial vesicular transport through Golgi membranes 2 where they undergo terminal modifications and are secreted as mature chylomicron (CM) particles into the lacteal for transport into the mesenteric lymph. Among the continuing mysteries is the nature and identity of the microvillus membrane FA carrier(s) and the role of paracrine and endocrine influences on the dynamics of intestinal lipoprotein assembly and secretion.
Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific Types of ENSO

Abstract This study examines the linkages between leading patterns of interannual sea level pressure (SLP) variability over the extratropical Pacific (20°–60°N) and the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the extratropical SLP anomalies represents variations of the Aleutian low, and the second EOF mode represents the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and is characterized by a meridional SLP anomaly dipole with a nodal point near 50°N. It is shown that a fraction of the first SLP mode can be excited by both the EP and CP types of ENSO. The SLP response to the EP type is stronger and more immediate. The tropical–extratropical teleconnection appears to act more slowly for the CP ENSO. During the decay phase of EP events, the associated extratropical SLP anomalies shift from the first SLP mode to the second SLP mode. As the second SLP mode grows, subtropical SST anomalies are induced beneath via surface.
What do you ask ? Product : Useful Information

The use of analytics in decision-making processes is a key element for organizations to be competitive. However, experience indicates that many organizations still have not managed to fully understand how to use properly the available data for diagnosing, improving and controlling processes or modelling, predicting and discovering business opportunities. This situation is even more exaggerated among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). An essential first step for SMEs to start using analytics is a correct assessment of their decision-making processes and use of data. This will help them understanding their current situation, seeing the potential of adopting analytical practices and decide their approach to analytics. Therefore, the assessment we propose is managerial and strategic; thus, it is not aimed at detecting problems such as: errors in the data to make an invoice, not having the correct version of a drawing in the shop or a wrong date in a project plan. Undoubtedly, these issues are very important but they are not the objective. The results from applying the proposed assessment tool in several pilot SMEs are expected to serve as the basis for debugging the tool and developing a maturity model and a roadmap for improving their proficiency in information-driven decision-making.
48 NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA : AN OVERVIEW

Increasingly, neurocognitive paradigms are used to study patients with schizophrenia. With such paradigms, the cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia are characterized by means of experimental and clinical tests. These techniques have indicated that some types of cognitive impairment are not only reliably present in schizophrenia, but are also central and enduring features of the disease. This chapter, a revision of the one published in 1995, focuses on certain recent advances in characterizing the precise nature of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, on understanding the implications of these for treatment given the course and relationship to outcome of these variables, and on novel applications of neurocognitive approaches to the genetics of schizophrenia. Cognitive abnormalities were noted by early investigators of schizophrenia. In the original clinical descriptions of schizophrenia made by Kraepelin (64), he commented, ‘‘Mental efficiency is always diminished to a considerable degree. The patients are distracted, inattentive . they cannot keep the thought in mind. ’’ Some years later, Shakow (95) began a series of studies in which he examined abnormalities in patients’ reaction time in response to different types of readiness information and imperative stimuli. Hunt and Cofer (54) noted the intellectual quotient (IQ) of schizophrenic patients to be lower than that of normal controls. However, the increasing influence of psychodynamic theory tended to minimize the significance of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. It was thought that the deficits displayed on formal psychologic testing were secondary to impaired motivation or cooperation, gross breakdowns in reality testing, or disordered thought processes.
Multi-harmonic LQ control of single-phase converter with LCL filter

Control of single-phase converters connected to the grid via an LCL filter is a demanding issue due to risk of oscillations. A linear-quadratic (LQ) controller enabling besides standard pure sine control also a multi-harmonic current reference is proposed in the paper. Such a design enables to control single-phase converters generating harmonic currents, e.g. shunt active filters, or converters operating under distorted voltage conditions. In order to reduce number of sensors, the proposed LQ control has been completed by a state estimator based on the Kalman filter.
CAD tools for a globally asynchronous locally synchronous FPGA architecture

The performance of FPGAs is suffering from interconnect delays, especially the delays of the long wires which can be more than 10ns in large FPGAs. We have proposed the GAPLA: a globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) FPGA architecture to deal with this problem. In GAPLA architecture, the whole FPGA area is divided into locally synchronous blocks wrapped with asynchronous I/O interfaces. Interconnections inside each synchronous block are local and fast. The long interconnections between synchronous blocks only come into picture when there are asynchronous communications. In this paper, we focus on the CAD tools designed for the GAPLA architecture. Starting from a behavioral circuit description, a design is first partitioned into smaller modules where each module can fit into one synchronous block. Then an as-soon-as-possible scheduler (other scheduler can also be applied) is used to schedule each module. After scheduling, control signals of the asynchronous communications are added to each module since the communication timing is now known in the scheduled design. Each module is then synthesized and mapped into a synchronous block using existing CAD tools for synchronous FPGAs. A module mapping process is used to find the implementation location for each module. Experimental results show that applications could run up to 2 times faster on the GAPLA FPGA compared to the synchronous FPGA counterparts.
The relationship between the type of penile abnormality and penile vascular status in patients with peyronie's disease.

PURPOSE We evaluated penile vascular status using penile duplex Doppler ultrasound (PDDU) according to the type of abnormality in men with Peyronie's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 523 patients with PD were evaluated retrospectively. Each patient underwent PDDU following injections of 10 to 15 mug prostaglandin E1 intracavernously with accompanying visual sexual stimulation to evaluate penile blood flow. Abnormalities were divided into 7 groups. Objective evaluation of penile curvature was done with a protractor during maximum erection. Specific criteria were used to categorize patients into varying definitions of vascular status. The results were compared statistically among groups. RESULTS Mean patient age +/- SEM was 54.2 +/- 1.5 years. The most frequently noted type of curvature was dorsal (43.5% of cases), followed by lateral (24.8%). Mean peak systolic velocity in the ventrolateral group was the highest, while the lowest peak systolic velocity was noted in the hourglass abnormality group. The hourglass group had the highest rate of pure arterial insufficiency, while veno-occlusive dysfunction was seen most commonly in the ventral curvature group. The ventrolateral group showed the most normal vascular status parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates there is a relationship between the type of curvature and penile hemodynamics. Although patients with PD in the hourglass abnormality group were the youngest, this abnormality was associated with the poorest penile vascular status. Patients with ventrolateral curvature had the best penile hemodynamics in our series. PDDU findings may direct the treating physician to different treatment options.
Evaluation of a new hybrid algorithm for highly imbalanced classification problems

Many times in classification problems, particularly in critical real world applications, one of the classes has much less samples than the others usually known as the class imbalance problem. In this work we discuss and evaluate the use of the REPMAC algorithm to solve imbalanced problems. Using a clustering method, REPMAC recursively splits the majority class in several subsets, creating a decision tree, until the resulting sub-problems are balanced or easy to solve. We use two diverse clustering methods and three different classifiers coupled with REPMAC to evaluate the new method on several benchmark datasets spanning a wide range of number of features, samples and imbalance degree. We also apply our method to a real world problem, the identification of weed seeds. We find that the good performance of REPMAC is almost independent of the classifier or the clustering method coupled to it, which suggests that its success is mostly related to the use of an appropriate strategy to cope with imbalanced problems.