Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letter by Saritas Regarding Article, "Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: The Current Management Strategies in a Pediatric Cohort of 768 Patients".

I read with great interest the article written by Shi et al1 that reported the authors’ experiences with patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) corrected surgically. TAPVC is a rare congenital heart defect consisting of an anomalous connection of the pulmonary veins into the systemic veins. It is …
Attribute weighting with probability estimation trees for improving probability-based ranking in liver diagnosis

In traditional medical diagnosis, the aim of using classification learning models is for high diagnosis accuracy. However, accurate class probability estimate is more desirable than prediction accuracy in practical medical diagnosis application. Although several probability estimation models based on decision trees have been adopted in many other areas, they both have an obstacle to achieving accurate probability prediction, for example time-consuming and equal weighted input. In addition, the research and application of probability estimation trees models in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis area are still very insufficient. So in this paper, we propose our method to overcome these problems, and compare our method with several representative methods, for example traditional decision trees, C4.4, NBTree, CITree and CLLTree, measured by classification accuracy, AUC and Conditional Log Likelihood (CLL) on Cirrhosis and Hepatitis traditional Chinese medicine sample sets. From our experiments, the proposed algorithm can efficiently improve the performance of models and yield more accurate probability prediction than those representative models. Our proposed method performs well in the field of TCM diagnosis.
“Dormant basket cell” hypothesis revisited: Relative vulnerabilities of dentate gyrus mossy cells and inhibitory interneurons after hippocampal status epilepticus in the rat

The “dormant basket cell” hypothesis suggests that postinjury hippocampal network hyperexcitability results from the loss of vulnerable neurons that normally excite insult‐resistant inhibitory basket cells. We have reexamined the experimental basis of this hypothesis in light of reports that excitatory hilar mossy cells are not consistently vulnerable and inhibitory basket cells are not consistently seizure resistant. Prolonged afferent stimulation that reliably evoked granule cell discharges always produced extensive hilar neuron degeneration and immediate granule cell disinhibition. Conversely, kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus in chronically implanted animals produced similarly extensive hilar cell loss and immediate granule cell disinhibition, but only when granule cells discharged continuously during status epilepticus. In both preparations, electron microscopy revealed degeneration of presynaptic terminals forming asymmetrical synapses in the mossy cell target zone, including some terminating on γ‐aminobutyric acid‐immunoreactive elements, but no evidence of axosomatic or axoaxonic degeneration in the adjacent granule cell layer. Although parvalbumin immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed decreased staining, this apparently was due to altered parvalbumin expression rather than basket cell death, because substance P receptor‐positive interneurons, some of which contained residual parvalbumin immunoreactivity, survived. These results confirm the inherent vulnerability of dendritically projecting hilar mossy cells and interneurons and the relative resistance of dentate inhibitory basket and chandelier cells that target granule cell somata. The variability of hippocampal cell loss after status epilepticus suggests that altered hippocampal structure and function cannot be assumed to cause the spontaneous seizures that develop in these animals and highlights the importance of confirming hippocampal pathology and pathophysiology in vivo in each case. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:44–76, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical nonlinear generation with coupled torsional harmonic cantilevers for sensitive and quantitative atomic force microscopy of material characteristics

Tapping-mode has been the most widely used mode of operation in atomic force microscopy. Recent studies have shown that higher harmonics of the cantilever vibrations carries information about material properties such as stiffness, viscoelasticity or capillary forces. A major problem with higher harmonic imaging is the low signal to noise ratio. Here we present a micromachined cantilever that enhances the signal levels at a particular higher harmonic by 40 dB. We demonstrate that the higher harmonic signal is sensitive to the thickness of an oxide film thermally grown on silicon, and enable mapping of chemical composition variations across a polymer surface.
EXPERIMENTS IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS WITH TRACHOMA AND INCLUSION CONJUNCTIVITIS AGENT*†

SINCE T'ang, Chang, Huang, and Wang (1957) reported success in trachoma virus cultivation in yolk sac of embryonate eggs, the cultivation of this virus and that of inclusion conjunctivitis has been re-examined and confirmed by a number of authors (Collier and Sowa, 1958; Collier, Duke-Elder, and Jones, 1958; Snyder, Page, Murray, Daggy, Bell, Nichols, Haddad, Hanna, and McComb, 1959; Hanna, Thygeson, Jawetz, and Dawson, 1959; Bernkopf, Nishmi, Maythar, and Feitelberg, 1959; Jones, Coffier, and Smith, 1959; Grayston, Wang, Woolridge, Yang, and Johnston,, 1960; Perret and Mann, 1960; Tarizzo, 1961). Volunteer experiments with the isolated agent have also been reported (T'ang and others, 1957; Collier and others, 1958, 1960; Bernkopf and others, 1959; Mann, Greer, Perret, and McLean, 1960; Jones and Coffier, 1962; Thygeson, 1962), but these are very limited. The present authors have undertaken experiments in a series of human volunteers with cultivated virus of the trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) group, and it is the purpose of this communication to discuss the clinical data of these experiments. The serology of the volunteers was examined by Dr. M. L. Tarizzo, Laboratoire de Recherches Virologiques, Centre Ophtalmologique, Tunis, and the results are to be reported in a separate paper (Tarizzo and Mitsui, in press).
Role of glial cells in cerebral ischemia

Despite intense efforts at the bench and at the bedside, few therapeutic strategies exist to combat the consequences of cerebral ischemia. Traditionally, a “neurocentric” view has dominated research in this field. Evidence is now accumulating that glial cells, in particular astrocytes, play an active and important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Brain energetics, water and ion homeostasis, inflammation, trophic factor production, vascular regulation, neuroneogenesis, and vasculogenesis, among others, are all under the control of glial cells. As a consequence, glial cells have been identified as promising targets for novel therapeutic approaches in brain protection. This review aims at dissecting possible protective as well as destructive roles of astrocytes (and other glial cells) in cerebral ischemia. By emphasizing open issues in this field, we hope to stimulate further research into this relatively unexplored aspect of brain pathophysiology. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence-based practice: the need for a collaborative approach.

British Journal of Nursing, 2015, Vol 24, No 21 1105 © 2 01 5 M A H ea lth ca re L td It is hard to believe that the concept of evidence-based practice (EBP) is only just over 20 years old, yet it has become a major policy driver, in modern healthcare systems. While the concept appears to be highly valued, there remain challenges to its widespread adoption (Rosser et al, 2016). So, what are the barriers to its implementation and how can we as a profession help to overcome them and embed EBP in everyday practice? Firstly, what do we mean by EBP? Sackett et al (2000) (Sackett is considered the founder of modern evidence-based medicine from which EBP has arisen) referred to it as the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to facilitate clinical decisionmaking. More recently, Galvin and Todres (2012) referred to it as a tripartite relationship of knowledge for the head (technical knowledge that is evidence-based), knowledge for the hand (professional and personal knowledge) and knowledge for the heart (first-person accounts of patient experience). So, EBP is not just about research, but requires the embracing of all three forms of evidence to promote the delivery of consistent, high-quality care (Rolfe et al, 2008). From September 2013, recruitment to initial nurse education throughout the UK moved to become all-graduate. It is assumed therefore that from July 2016 (and for most of the country for a great many years) all registrants entering the workforce will be expected to have a sound understanding of research, be immersed in the philosophy of EBP, be critical thinkers and effective decision-makers based on best evidence. Yet challenges remain. I believe that there are barriers on both ‘sides’, from education and from practiceto fully embrace the implementation of EBP. From the education perspective, we need to ensure that educationalists themselves are excited by the notion of EBP and go further to excite and energise students to embed the culture into their everyday practice. Educationalists should be experienced in understanding the strengths and limitations of the different research methodologies and range of other types of ‘evidence’; and be confident in the presentation of exciting new Elizabeth Rosser
Recent advances in three‐dimensional multicellular spheroid culture for biomedical research

Many types of mammalian cells can aggregate and differentiate into 3‐D multicellular spheroids when cultured in suspension or a nonadhesive environment. Compared to conventional monolayer cultures, multicellular spheroids resemble real tissues better in terms of structural and functional properties. Multicellular spheroids formed by transformed cells are widely used as avascular tumor models for metastasis and invasion research and for therapeutic screening. Many primary or progenitor cells on the other hand, show significantly enhanced viability and functional performance when grown as spheroids. Multicellular spheroids in this aspect are ideal building units for tissue reconstruction. Here we review the current understanding of multicellular spheroid formation mechanisms, their biomedical applications, and recent advances in spheroid culture, manipulation, and analysis techniques.
An inversion inv(4)(p12–p15.3) in autistic siblings implicates the 4p GABA receptor gene cluster

Introduction: We describe the case of two brothers diagnosed with autism who both carry a paracentic inversion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (46,XY, inv(4)(p12–p15.3)). We have determined that this inversion is inherited from an apparently unaffected mother and unaffected maternal grandfather. Methods/Results: Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis and Southern blot hybridisation we identified the breakpoints. The proximal breakpoint (4p12) maps to a region containing a cluster of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor genes, and directly interrupts the GABRG1 gene, the distal-most gene of the cluster. We also identified an insertion/deletion polymorphism for a ∼2 kb LINE1 (L1) element that occurs within intron 7 of GABRG1. Our genotype analysis amongst autism families indicated that the L1 deletion allele did not show increased transmission to affected individuals. No linkage disequilibrium was evident between the L1 and single nucleotide polymorphisms in adjacent GABA(A) receptor genes on 4p, where a recent study has identified significant association with autism. Discussion: Despite this, the identification of an inversion breakpoint disrupting GABRG1 provides solid support for the genetic involvement of the short arm of chromosome 4 in the genetic aetiology of autism, and for the hypothesis of disrupted GABA neurotransmission in autism.
Advances in understanding and treating mental illness: proceedings of the 40th Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology Annual Meeting Symposia

On June 7–9, 2017, The Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology (CCNP) held its 40th Annual Meeting in Kingston, Ontario. At the core of the scientific program were 6 symposia, where clinical and basic neuroscientists presented their ideas and most recent discoveries in the hope of significantly advancing our understanding and treatment of mental illness. This article reports the essential findings of these symposia and summarizes recent advances in translational neuropsychopharmacology shared by several research groups from Canada and visiting from the United Kingdom, The Netherlands and Sweden.
A smart speculative execution strategy based on node classification for heterogeneous Hadoop systems

MapReduce (MR) has been widely used to process distributed large data sets. Meanwhile, speculative execution is known as an approach for dealing with same problems by backing up those tasks running on a low performance machine to a higher one. In this paper, we have modified some pitfalls and taken heterogeneous environment into consideration. We also have implemented it in Hadoop-2.6 based on node classification, this strategy is called Speculation-NC and optimized Hadoop is called Hadoop-NC. Experiment results show that our method can correctly backup a task, improve the performance of MRV2 and decrease the execution time and resource consumption compared with traditional strategy.
Lung Fluid Exchange after Uneven Pulmonary Artery Obstruction in Sheep

We studied steady state transvascular fluid and protein exchange after uneven obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. In anesthetized sheep, ventilated by positive pressure, we measured pulmonary artery and left atrial pressures, cardiac output, lung lymph flow, and lymph/plasma protein ratios. We calculated pulmonary vascular resistance. In 16 sheep we obstructed the pulmonary arteries with various microemboli or balloons in lobar arteries until pulmonary vascular resistance was 2-3 times baseline. In every experiment, lung lymph flow increased as pulmonary vascular resistance increased. The lymph/plasma protein ratio did not change. In four sheep, we increased left atrial pressure by balloon obstruction of the mitral orifice. Pulmonary artery pressure increased as much as in the embolization experiments and lymph flow increased but the lymph/plasma protein ratio decreased, meaning that the increased fluid and protein flux after embolization cannot be due to high pulmonary artery or pulmonary venous outflow pressures alone. In four sheep we compared obstruction of the lower lobe pulmonary arteries by balloons with that of upper lobe pulmonary arteries. Lower lobe arterial obstruction caused the lymph flow which drains predominantly from the lower lobes to decrease whereas upper lobe artery obstruction increased lymph flow. This means that the increased fluid and protein flux occurred mainly in the open, perfused portion of the microvascular bed. The mechanism of the increased fluid filtration and protein permeability may be related to high vascular pressure and high linear blood flow velocity through a markedly restricted microvascular bed, although release of substances that affect endothelial permeability is not ruled out.
Classification & detection of near duplicate web pages using five stage algorithm

In the recent years there is a massive development in the web pages, there are billions of web pages existing in the search engine which decreases the efficiency and effectiveness of the search results of the search engine. The existing web pages can be duplicated web pages or near duplicate web pages. In this paper, we are going to deal about the classification of duplicate web pages. In this paper, we are proposing a five stage algorithm for the detection of near duplicate web pages, which include pre-processing, minimum weighting, filtering and verification and classification of the web page using apirori algorithm.
Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT Controller for a PV System

The output power of a photovoltaic (PV) module depends on the solar irradiance and the operating temperature; therefore, it is necessary to implement maximum power point tracking controllers (MPPT) to obtain the maximum power of a PV system regardless of variations in climatic conditions. The traditional solution for MPPT controllers is the perturbation and observation (PO the reason why improving the results obtained with this algorithm has become an important goal to reach for researchers. This paper presents the design and modeling of a fuzzy controller for tracking the maximum power point of a PV System. Matlab/Simulink (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) was used for the modeling of the components of a 65 W PV system: PV module, buck converter and fuzzy controller; highlighting as main novelty the use of a mathematical model for the PV module, which, unlike diode based models, only needs to calculate the curve fitting parameter. A P&O controller to compare the results obtained with the fuzzy control was designed. The simulation results demonstrated the superiority of the fuzzy controller in terms of settling time, power loss and oscillations at the operating point.
The Retention of Tobacco Smoke Constituents in the Human Respiratory Tract

Measurements on the retention of cigarette smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract have been undertake for more than 100 years. The first studies on nicotine retention were begun by Lehmann in Germany in 1903 and published in 1908. The first studies on the retention of smoke particulate matter were published by Baumbereger in the United States in 1923. Since those early publications, many studies have been undertaken, more or less continuously. This article is a review of the work that has been done over the last 100 years, including a large number of unpublished studies undertaken by British American Tobacco in Southampton, UK. The techniques used have evolved over the years and there is a certain amount of variation in the data. However, the general trends in the results are reassuringly consistent. The bulk of the studies indicate that, on average, 60 to 80% of the mainstream smoke particulate matter is retained in the lungs after inhalation. For nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and aldehydes the total retentions are of the order of 90–100, 55–65, 100, and approximately 90%, respectively, during cigarette smoke inhalation. For most smoke constituents the retentions in the mouth only are considerably smaller than in the whole respiratory tract. The lung retention values for smoke particulate matter are dependent on the depth of inhalation, hold time in the lungs, exhalation volume, and other factors. However, the degree of nicotine retention following inhalation is not markedly influenced by changes in respiratory parameters. Furthermore, the percentage retentions for smoke particulate matter and nicotine are smaller for nonsmoking subjects exposed to environmental tobacco smoke than with active smoking. The smoke retentions are related to properties of the smoke aerosol particles and gases and their behavior as they travel through the respiratory tract. This includes particle growth in the respiratory tract and evaporation of gases out of the particles, and relevant aspects of these processes are also reviewed.
Cognitive neuropsychology of alexithymia: Implications for personality typology

Introduction. We examine the cognitive neuroscience of the five components of the alexithymia syndrome, and propose a classification of alexithymia types based on psychobiological traits. Method. Literature review. Results. The following neural structures have been shown to be prominent in emotional function: right and left hemisphere, corpus callosum, anterior commissure, anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and insular cortex. The specific relevance of these structures to alexithymia is discussed. Conclusions. The following conclusions and/or propositions are presented: The right hemisphere produces a global, nonverbal overview of emotional information; the left hemisphere seems dedicated to analysing emotions and higher explicit emotional cognitions. Both orbitoprefrontal cortices are important in affective aspects of alexithymia, while right temporal cortex is involved in cognitive aspects. Two subparts of anterior cingulate fulfil functions in the affective and cognitive dimensions of alexithymia. The amygdalae are involved in both cognitive and affective aspects. All structures mentioned can modulate one another. The role of interhemispheric information transfer via the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure is also discussed. The evidence that that cognitive processing of emotional information inhibits affective processing of such information is discussed in terms of its implications for a theory of alexithymia subtypes.
Design and Modeling in the Software Performance Engineering Development Process

Performance related problems are becoming more and more strategic in the software development, especially recently with the advent of Web Services and related business-oriented composition techniques (software as a service, Web 2.0, orchestration, choreography, etc.). In particular, an early integration of performance specifications in the SDP has been recognized during the last few years as an effective approach to improve the overall quality of a software. The goal of our work is the definition of a software development process that integrates performance evaluation and prediction. The software performance engineering development process (SPEDP) we specify is focused on performance, which plays a key role driving the software development process, thus implementing a performance/QoS-driven (software) development process. More specifically, in this paper our aim is to formally define the SPEDP design process, posing particular interest on the basis, on the first step of SPEDP, the software/system architecture design, modeling and/or representation. We define both the diagrams to use and show how to model the structure of the software architecture, its behavior and performance requirements. This is the first mandatory step for the automation of the SPEDP into a specific tool, which we have partially implemented as a performance plug-in for ArgoUML, ArgoPerformance.
Hippocampal ensemble activity during spatial delayed-nonmatch-to-sample performance in rats

Multiple-cell recording from specially designed arrays of microwire electrodes allowed analysis of anatomically defined ensemble activity from 10 different locations within the hippocampus of rats (n = 7) performing a two-lever operant version of a spatial delayed-nonmatch-to- sample task (DNMS). Application of population analysis procedures to ensembles of single-neuron activity within the CA1 and CA3 fields revealed firing patterns related to task-relevant events within a DNMS trial. The patterns were extracted via a canonical discriminant analysis in the form of “roots” that represented sources of variance in firing within the ensemble, such as phase of the task (Sample or Nonmatch), spatial position of the lever press response (left or right), and correct versus error trials. Comparison of the ensemble firing on correct versus error trials revealed important insight into ensemble information encoding, such as “miscoding” of the response position and lack of distinct encoding of the response in the Sample phase, which became increasingly vulnerable to error as a function of the duration of delay interval. The extracted discriminant scores were reflective of multiple representations within ensembles and suggested that “conjunctions” of task-relevant features could be represented effectively by small numbers of hippocampal neurons. The findings support the long-held supposition that hippocampal neurons play a critical role in the encoding and retrieval of information in recognition memory tasks.