Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid kinematic bunching and parametric instability in a crossed-field gap with a periodic magnetic field

Single particle orbit considerations show that the cycloidal orbits of electrons in a gap with crossed electric and magnetic fields lead to rapid spoke formation if the external magnetic field has a periodic variation. This spoke formation is primarily a result of kinematic bunching, which is independent of the radio frequency electric field and of the space charge field. A parametric instability in the orbits, which brings a fraction of the electrons from the cathode to the anode region, is discovered. These results are examined in light of the recent rapid startup, low noise magnetron experiments and simulations that employed periodic, azimuthal perturbations in the axial magnetic field.
Survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination

The susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. Viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated to release intracellular bacteria. Qualitative susceptibility of protozoan strains to free chlorine was also assessed. Protozoa were shown to survive and grow after exposure to levels of free chlorine residuals that killed free-living bacteria. Ingested coliforms Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca and bacterial pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella sonnei, Legionella gormanii, and Campylobacter jejuni had increased resistance to free chlorine residuals. Bacteria could be cultured from within treated protozoans well after the time required for 99% inactivation of free-living cells. All bacterial pathogens were greater than 50-fold more resistant to free chlorine when ingested by T. pyriformis. Escherichia coli ingested by a Cyclidium sp. , a ciliate isolated from a drinking water reservoir, were also shown to be more resistant to free chlorine. The mechanism that increased resistance appeared to be survival within protozoan cells. This study indicates that bacteria can survive ingestion by protozoa. This bacterium-protozoan association provides bacteria with increased resistance to free chlorine residuals which can lead to persistence of bacteria in chlorine-treated water. We propose that resistance to digestion by predatory protozoa was an evolutionary precursor of pathogenicity in bacteria and that today it is a mechanism for survival of fastidious bacteria in dilute and inhospitable aquatic environments.
TURISMO Y EMPRENDEDURISMO EN REGIONES RURALES DE MÉXICO: UNA CRÍTICA AL ROL DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL EN EL DESARROLLO LOCAL. EL CASO DEL OASIS DE LOS COMONDÚ

Recientemente, el gobierno del estado de Baja California Sur (BCS, en el noroeste de Mexico) ha adoptado una estrategia de desarrollo rural articulada en torno al papel que puede jugar el turismo alternativo en la elevacion de los niveles de empleo, ingreso y bienestar de las comunidades asentadas en los oasis de la entidad. Estos humedales han servido de asentamiento a localidades desde el siglo XVIII y, aunque que fueron una vez prosperos ejemplos de desarrollo sustentable, se encuentran ahora en condiciones de estancamiento economico y perdida de poblacion. El turismo alternativo podria ser una oportunidad de reactivacion aunque, si bien hay unos pocos casos de iniciativa productiva, las comunidades no parecen estar en condiciones de aprovecharla y existe el riesgo de que sean desplazados economicamente por actores externos. El concepto del capital social ha sido visto por academicos y por algunas instituciones internacionales (notablemente el Banco Mundial), como una especie de Tercera Via entre el mercado y lo social, y como un instrumento susceptible de emplearse para superar la pobreza y el subdesarrollo a traves del fortalecimiento de las capacidades emprendedoras de la poblacion. El presente trabajo revisa brevemente estas politicas gubernamentales de desarrollo rural en BCS, para luego examinar el papel del capital social como parte de esas estrategias y plantear algunas alternativas.
Computational fluid dynamics study of middle turbinectomy

A computational fluid dynamics study has been carried out using a three-dimensional nasal cavity model reconstructed based on computed tomographic images of a healthy Malaysian adult nose. This normal model was then subjected to virtual removal of the middle turbinate from the left half of the nasal cavity. Navier-Stokes and continuity equations for steady airflow were solved numerically to examine inspiratory nasal airflow. The result of this turbinectomy was compared with the normal case. For a flow rate of 20L/min, the resistance obtained for normal and middle turbinate removal was 0.89 Pa-min/L, and 0.71 Pa-L/min respectively. Around 15.65% of the flow reached olfactory region when the middle turbinates were removed resulting in the increase in average velocity in the region by about 180%.
Mental Templates and Ceramic Manufacture at Neolithic An Son, Southern Vietnam

The 1000-year Neolithic occupation of An Son in southern Vietnam consists of ceramics that belong to a tradition that was potentially ancestral to those in many other regions of mainland Southeast Asia. The forms, dimensions, modes of decoration and fabrics of the An Son ceramics throughout the site's occupation have been studied in detail. The morphological dimensions were analysed with coefficient of variation (CV) calculations and the fabrics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDX), in conjunction with statistical applications such as principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and canonical variate analysis (CVA). The results suggest that a coherent method of manufacture and a mental template was applied in the manufacture of each major rim form that existed throughout the occupation of An Son. These vessel forms had a continuous evolution with evidence for conservatism in the shape and raw materials, while innovation and variation was observed in the decorative variables. The established mental templates indicate that the organization of ceramic production at An Son was linked to tradition and function in the community.
IL‐25: A key requirement for the regulation of type‐2 immunity

It has been well‐established that type‐2 immunity, characterized by eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus production, and B cell class switching to IgE, is highly dependent on the production of the type‐2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13, by T helper 2 (Th2) cells. However, it is less clear how the type‐2 cytokine effector response is induced and in addition what innate cell type produces the initiating factor. Recent reports highlight IL‐25 as a type‐2 inducing factor, with IL‐25 administration resulting in severe gut and lung type‐2 pathologies. The expression of IL‐25 is also necessary for initiation of a robust type‐2 response both at the genesis of the response, as with helminth infection, and during the response, as has been shown in experimental allergic asthma. It is also apparent that, as well as directly controlling type‐2 immunity via IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, IL‐25 may also interact with other cytokines and their receptors, such as IL‐17A and the IL‐17RA receptor. Here, we review the role of IL‐25 as an important factor in controlling the initiation and severity of the type‐2 response, and as an alternative therapeutic target to the type‐2 cytokine family, for the treatment of allergic asthma. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Quantitative Model of Mononuclear Phagocyte Lineage Proliferation in Murine Bone Marrow

An analysis and a synthesis of published and original experimental evidence have been performed with a view to providing a global qualitative and quantitative description of the proliferation of monocyte precursors in murine bone marrow. Two versions of a mathematical model are proposed. The first consists of two dividing generations of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming cells (GM‐CFC) and two dividing generations of macrophage colony‐forming cells (M‐CFC), differentiating into promonocytes (PM) and then into monocytes (MC). The second version consists of two generations of GM‐CFC and three generations of M‐CFC, followed by PM and MC. Both are compatible with experimental data, and further evidence is needed to elaborate a unique representation. The kinetic constants have been taken from published material whenever possible and estimated from available data and model kinetics in the case of unknown quantities. The models are applied to a pulse labeling assay, and calculated labeled subpopulations are compared with experimental values. Agreement is satisfactory for both versions in the case of MC, while a calculated PM labeling index falls more rapidly than the experimental values. However, inconsistency also exists between PM and MC experimental data.
Marco teórico y diseño metodológico para un análisis complejo de la incidencia de los discursos televisivos en la construcción de la identidad adolescente

Las investigaciones sobre genero y medios de comunicacion tienen una larga trayectoria en el marco de referencia de la investigacion nacional e internacional. Los estudios sobre infancia y medios de comunicacion han sido tambien uno de los focos de atencion de los investigadores. Pero la adolescencia, su representacion mediatica o la incidencia que los roles de representacion de este sector de la sociedad tienen en la construccion de su identidad son campos que de alguna forma han sido marginados a pesar de la importancia objetiva que tienen. En nuestro grupo de investigacion convergen intereses comunes en relacion a variables sobre genero, roles, juventud e identidad y su relacion directa con los medios de comunicacion audiovisuales, concretamente en el medio televisivo y sus distintas macroestructuras. En el ano 2006 creamos el Analisy Group of Media Image, un equipo interuniversitario que concentra investigadoras de diferentes universidades y grupos de investigacion consolidados con intereses comunes en la investigacion. Ese mismo ano se nos concede una financiacion I+D+I del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (ref.123/06), para poder llevar cabo un trabajo de investigacion centrado en la construccion de la identidad del colectivo adolescente. Asi, nos planteamos el estudio de los roles de los y las adolescentes representados en los medios de comunicacion, desde la perspectiva de la emision y desde la perspectiva de la recepcion mediante herramientas cuantitativas y cualitativas de analisis. Nuestro objetivo principal es analizar como los estereotipos de genero que transmiten los medios de comunicacion en diversos macrogeneros, el informativo, la ficcion y la publicidad, en el horario de maxima audiencia configuran la construccion de la identidad del adolescente y su identificacion con el concepto de genero.
Malaria, anemia, and malnutrition in african children--defining intervention priorities.

BACKGROUND Malaria, anemia, and malnutrition contribute substantially to childhood morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, but their respective roles and interactions in conferring disease are complex. We aimed to investigate these interactions. METHODS In 2002, we assessed plasmodial infection, anemia, and nutritional indices in 2 representative surveys comprising >4000 children in northern Ghana. RESULTS Infection with Plasmodium species was observed in 82% and 75% of children in the rainy and dry season, respectively. The fraction of fever attributable to malaria was 77% in the rainy season and 48% in the dry season and peaked in children of rural residence. Anemia (hemoglobin level, <11 g/dL) was seen in 64% of children and was, in multivariate analysis, associated with young age, season, residence, parasitemia, P. malariae coinfection, and malnutrition (odds ratio [OR], 1.68 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-2.04]). In addition, malnutrition was independently associated with fever (axillary temperature, > or = 37.5 degrees C; OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.13-2.23]) and clinical malaria (OR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.10-2.50]). CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is a fundamental factor contributing to malaria-associated morbidity and anemia, even if the latter exhibits multifactorial patterns. Our data demonstrate that malaria-control programs alone may not have the desired impact on childhood morbidity on a large scale without concomitant nutrition programs.
Evaluation of CD 8 + T-cell and antibody responses following transient increased viraemia in rhesus macaques infected with live , attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus

Correspondence Ruth I. Connor Ruth.Connor@Dartmouth.edu Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA University of Rochester Medicine Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 689, Rochester, NY 14642, USA Center for AIDS Research, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA Tulane Regional Primate Research Center and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
The Interactive Multimedia Textbook: Using A Digital Pen to Support Learning for Computer Programming

Through a field study computer science practices, we observed that students not only rely on the computer but also the programming textbook. To get overall comprehension, students organize their effort in understanding the abstract concept in the textbook and tracing the program execution constantly. The observations motivated us design an interactive textbook that integrates paper books with interactive multimedia supports for learning computer programming. Students could understand how program works from browsing multiple perspectives of program execution. We also facilitate the on-line query, enabling students to construct their own links with digital information. An evaluation with 11 students found this system can offer efficient access to the digital information while remain concentrating their attention on paper textbook, in a manner felicitous with their current reading practice.
Using English Dictionaries to generate Commonsense Knowledge in Natural Language

This paper presents an approach to generating common sense knowledge written in raw English sentences. Instead of using public contributors to feed this source, this system chose to employ expert linguistics decisions by using definitions from English dictionaries. Because the definitions in English dictionaries are not prepared to be transformed into inference rules, some preprocessing steps were taken to turn each relation of word:definition in dictionaries into an inference rule in the form left-hand side ⇒ right-hand side. In this paper, we applied this mechanism using two dictionaries: The MacMillan Dictionary and WordNet definitions. A random set of 200 inference rules were extracted equally from the two dictionaries, and then we used human judgment as to whether these rules are ‘True’ or not. For the MacMillan Dictionary the precision reaches 0.74 with 0.508 recall, and the WordNet definitions resulted in 0.73 precision with 0.09 recall.
Temperature, energy metabolism, and adaptive divergence in two oyster subspecies

Abstract Comparisons of related species that have diverse spatial distributions provide an efficient way to investigate adaptive evolution in face of increasing global warming. The oyster subjected to high environmental selections is a model species as sessile marine invertebrate. This study aimed to detect the adaptive divergence of energy metabolism in two oyster subspecies from the genus Crassostrea—C. gigas gigas and C. gigas angulata—which are broadly distributed along the northern and southern coasts of China, respectively. We examined the effects of acute thermal stress on energy metabolism in two oyster subspecies after being common gardened for one generation in identical conditions. Thermal responses were assessed by incorporating physiological, molecular, and genomic approaches. Southern oysters exhibited higher fluctuations in metabolic rate, activities of key energetic enzymes, and levels of thermally induced gene expression than northern oysters. For genes involved in energy metabolism, the former displayed higher basal levels of gene expression and a more pronounced downregulation of thermally induced expression, while the later exhibited lower basal levels and a less pronounced downregulation of gene expression. Contrary expression pattern was observed in oxidative stress gene. Besides, energy metabolic tradeoffs were detected in both subspecies. Furthermore, the genetic divergence of a nonsynonymous SNP (SOD‐132) and five synonymous SNPs in other genes was identified and validated in these two subspecies, which possibly affects downstream functions and explains the aforementioned phenotypic variations. Our study demonstrates that differentiations in energy metabolism underlie the plasticity of adaptive divergence in two oyster subspecies and suggest C. gigas angulata with moderate phenotypic plasticity has higher adaptive potential to cope with exacerbated global warming.
Risk factors for distant metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency of distant metastases (DM) and to determine the ability of certain clinical and pathologic factors to predict the development of distant metastases. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS A total of 1972 patients with oral, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas who were treated from 1981 to 1998 and who were not diagnosed as having DM at the time of initial treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated the frequency of DM and the influence of different variables in their appearance. RESULTS A total of 181 patients (9.2%) (95% confidence interval, 7.9%-10.5%) developed DM. Younger age (<45 years), hypopharyngeal localization, an advanced T stage and/or N stage tumor according to the TNM staging system, high histologic grade, and locoregional control were found to be significantly associated with the risk of DM at both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of DM in subjects with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is relatively low. The risk of DM is influenced by age, site of primary cancer, local and/or regional extension, grading, and achievement of locoregional control.
TRANSFERÊNCIA E APROPRIAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS ATRAVÉS DA UNIDADE DE TESTE E DEMONSTRAÇÃO – UTD, NO CULTIVO DO ALGODÃO PARA A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO SUDOESTE DE GOIÁS, COM ENFOQUE NO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO VERDE, SAFRA 2004/2005

O projeto de implantacao da cultura do algodao no municipio de Rio Verde foi desenvolvido atraves do financiamento do Fundo de Incentivo a Cultura do Algodao – FIALGO e em parceria com a Embrapa Algodao – Paraiba e Fesurv. O projeto utilizouse da metodologia da Unidade Teste e Demonstracao – UTD para demonstrar aos produtores rurais os manejos e a conducao da cultura. A UTD implantada foi de 4,84 hectares. O custo total da producao ficou em R$ 4.040,95 (quatro mil e quarenta reais e noventa e cinco centavos). O principal item na composicao do custo foi a mao-de-obra com operacoes manuais, que totalizaram 45,28% do custo. Este resultado indica que, com este tipo de utilizacao de mao-de-obra, a cultura nao tem viabilidade economica para o produtor familiar. Por isso, para que haja a implantacao da cotonicultura em regime de agricultura familiar no Sudoeste de Goias, de forma sustentavel, e necessario politicas de incentivos e financiamento para o desenvolvimento da cultura, atraves de um modelo de associacao entre os produtores familiares
Mapping the T cell epitopes of the Babesia bovis antigen 12D3: implications for vaccine design

The Babesia bovis antigen 12D3 was analysed to identify potential T‐cell epitopes. Two predictive algorithms identified 13 possible sites but there was minimal agreement between the different predictive methods. Experimental determination of the T‐cell epitopes recognized by nine cattle was achieved using a panel of overlapping peptides which identified seven different epitopes, five of which were clustered together around residues 210–320 of the molecule. No T cell epitopes were located within the tightly disulphide bonded core of 12D3. Using a series of truncated peptides, the location of two of the epitopes was mapped to residues 35–43 and 266–275. The sequences of these two epitopes was compared with a database of previously described binding motifs for MHC II alleles and each epitope was found to contain three sequence motifs recognized by HLA‐DR alleles. The BoLA‐DRB3 alleles occurring in these cattle were determined by a sequence specific oligonucleotide hybridization assay. Within those cattle whose T cells proliferated in response to 12D3, there was a consistent pattern of epitope recognition and presence of particular DRB3 alleles. The implications for effective vaccine design are discussed.
Alpha-Subunit Positions Methionine 180 and Glutamate 214 of Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1 Toluene-o-Xylene Monooxygenase Influence Catalysis

ABSTRACT Alpha-subunit position M180 of toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase influences the regiospecific oxidation of aromatics (e.g., from o-cresol, M180H forms 3-methylcatechol, methylhydroquinone, and 4-methylresorcinol, whereas the wild type forms only 3-methylcatechol). Position E214 influences the rate of reaction (e.g., E214G increases p-nitrophenol oxidation 15-fold) by controlling substrate entrance and product efflux as a gate residue.
The first instar larva of Aulacoscelis appendiculata n. sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Aulacoscelinae) and its value in the placement of the Aulacoscelinae

Of all of the chrysomelid subfamilies, only the larvae of the Aulacoscelinae remain undescribed. The adults and first instar larva of Aulacoscelis appendiculata sp. n. , from Panama are described, as well as the eggs. Larval characters, eggs, and oviposition behaviour are used to relatethe Aulacoscelinae with other chrysomelid subfamilies, in support of what is known to date concerning adult morphology.
Evaluación del estado nutricional de los alumnos de la Escuela Preparatoria de ULSA (D. F.)

Esta investigacion tiene como objetivo conocer el estado de nutricion de los adolescentes varones de 14 a 20 anos de la Escuela Preparatoria de Universidad La Salle, en Mexico, D. F. El diseno de este estudio es observacional, descriptivo, transversal, ciego y prolectivo. Se utilizo una muestra de 346 adolescentes, poblacion urbana, estatus social medio-alto. Los indicadores antropometricos fueron: Edad (anos), Peso (Kg), Estatura (m) con escalimetro de pared “seca”, Indice de masa corporal (IMC) = Peso en Kg / Talla en m 2 . Se aplicaron mediciones de circunferencia de muneca para determinar complexion, indice cintura-cadera (ICC), a fin de evaluar los depositos de grasa abdominal y medicion de paniculos adiposos. Se aplicaron dos registros de actividad fisica de dias activos y sedentarios, se utilizo el factor de actividad fisica segun FAO/OMS/ONU. Para conocer la dieta, se aplico un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y recordatorio de 24 hrs del consumo de alimentos, se aplicaron en diferentes dias de la semana incluyendo sabados y domingos. Se aplico cuestionario de encuesta socioeconomica. Para conocer el rendimiento academico se utilizo el boletin academico de todo el curso escolar. Se presentan los principales resultados obtenidos.