Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of the Status of Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying Prevention

Cyberbullying may be one of the "diseases" of the 21st Century. Despite efforts to curtail its incidence and prevalence over the past 20 years, its direct and indirect harmful effects have made it a public concern about the wellbeing of children, adolescents, and adults. Empirical studies as well as psychological theories have addressed different aspects of cyberbullying (e.g. characteristics of victims, bullies, and bystanders, prevalence rates, specific types of cyberbullying behavior, gender differences, intervention/prevention strategies, legal/legislative measures, etc.). While consensus is evident in some areas researched, significant findings in other areas are inconsistent, indicative of the inherent complexities of this phenomenon and the methodological problems hampering insight into the nature of this problem and its possible solutions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current status of the research and theoretical perspectives on cyberbullying in hopes of encouraging good scholarship, improved methodologies and thoughtful inquiries to better inform educators, parents, mental health service providers, policy makers and others so that they can more effectively promote healthy online and offline behaviors among digital users. This discussion reviews the definition and characteristics of cyberbullying, its prevalence, populations affected, gender differences, theoretical perspectives and issues of intervention and prevention. Language: en
Measurement of Affinity Constant of Anti-human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies by an ELISA-based Method

Background: The affinity of an antibody to its antigen is a crucial parameter in its biological activity and performance of an immunoassay such as ELISA. Affinity of most IgG specific MAbs are often determined by methods which require labeling of either antigen or antibody, and are sometimes difficult to control, do not always lead to the expected signal and often result in immunological modification of the molecules. Moreover, direct solid phase binding assays pose some problems such as diffusion effects and difficulties in reaching equilibrium due to heterogeneous binding and co-operativity. Objective: To employ a rapid and simple ELISA-based method for measuring affinity constants of two pan-h-IgG specific MAbs (3F2D8 and 5F19G11) established in our laboratory. Methods: The method is based on the effect of antibody affinity on the sigmoidal dose response curve. In this method, the binding of anti-human IgG (anti-h-IgG) MAbs with their corresponding antigen was measured using serial concentrations of both antigen and antibody. The amount of antibody bound to the antigen on the plate is represented as a sigmoidal curve of OD versus the logarithm of antibody concentration added to each well. Results: Based on the data obtained from this study, the affinity constants of 3F2D8 and 5F19G11 MAbs were 0.74 x 10 8 Mol –1 and 0.96 x 10 7 Mol –1 , respectively. Conclusion: 3F2D8 MAb with reasonably high affinity is suggested as a candidate for quantitative measurement of IgG by ELISA, whereas 5F19G11 MAb could be considered as a suitable tool for immunoaffinity chromatography.
ON THE TREATMENT OF COMPLEX GEOMETRIES IN A CARTESIAN GRID FLOW SOLVER WITH THE LEVEL SET METHOD

We present a new Cartesian grid method for the computation of incompressible viscous flows in irregular geometries. The irregular boundary is implicitly represented by its signed distance function (the level-set function) and, by using level-set calculus tools, we are able to preserve the Cartesian structure of the discretized Navier-Stokes equations. The resulting linear systems are efficiently solved with a black box multigrid solver for structured grids. The method is validated for the circular cylinder flow at low Reynolds number.
Devínska Kobyla - a window into the Middle Miocene shallow-water marine environments of the Central Paratethys (Vienna Basin, Slovakia)

Middle Miocene strata exposed at Devínska Kobyla Hill (Malé Karpaty Mts) document the temporal and spatial changes in shallow-water environments of the northern Vienna Basin during the Late Badenian and Early Sarmatian. Middle Miocene deposits of the Studienka and Holíč formations border this hill essentially along its full perimeter. The present overview of 16 localities based on published observations and new sampling shows that the Middle Miocene deposits contain species-rich microand macrofaunal assemblages as well as nannofl ora. This contribution includes lists of all marine faunal (except tetrapods) and microfl oral taxa known to date. The localities can be divided into three groups on the basis of their lithology and the abundance of molluscs and foraminifers in fossil assemblages: Devín area, Dúbravka area and Devínska Nová Ves area. On the basis of foraminifers the localities in the Dúbravka area (Dúbravská hlavica, Pektenová lavica, Starý lom, partly Fuchsov lom) can be assigned to the Early Sarmatian (based on benthic taxa), whereas the localities in the Devín (Šibeničný vrch, Štítová, Terasy, Lomnická, Lingulová lavica, Glosusová lavica) and Devínska Nová Ves (Sandberg 1–2, Malý Sandberg, Waitov lom, Glavica, Štokeravská vápenka-Bonanza) areas are predominantly of the Late Badenian age (based on benthic and planktonic taxa). However, molluscs imply that the deposits from the Dúbravka area are of Late Badenian age. The diff erences in the estimates of stratigraphic age between on molluscs and foraminifers can be explained with the persistence of typically Badenian mollusc taxa in the marginal parts of the Central Paratethys Sea during the Middle Miocene. For every studied locality palaeoenvironmental conditions based mostly on molluscs and foraminifers are inferred.
Impact of Long‐Term Weather on Domestic and Foreign Winter Tourism Demand

This study estimates the determinants of domestic and foreign tourism demand using data on 28 Austrian ski resorts for the winter seasons 1986–1987 to 2007–1908. Using the dynamic panel data analysis, we find that the effect of the weather variables (e.g. snow depth, cloudiness or sunshine) is quite small, with a change in one standard deviation of the variation over time in each weather variable, leading to a 2–3 % change in overnight stays. Furthermore, domestic tourists are more sensitive to changes in weather conditions than foreign tourists. By contrast, overnight stays of foreign visitors are much more responsive to changes in income than it is the case for domestic overnight stays. The occurrence of extreme snow-deficient winters, such as the winter of 2006–2007, in the future period will reduce overnight stays of foreign and domestic visitors by 2 and 5 %, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence if information technology on the efficiency of the accounting information systems in Iran Hotel industry.

These days, technological advances in information technologies have had remarkable influences such as cost reduction and quality and life-standard improvements in many personal as paces of life. Which have led to various impacts an economical and business departments. Accounting information systems are a man those systems for reliable and on-time collecting and processing of information to be applied in useful and effective decisionmakings, to do so concerning new technologies such as accounting information systems to collect and save financial information’s is of a great significance. Therefore the purpose of this study is the evaluation of the information technology influence on the efficiency of the accounting information systems. The statistical population of this research includes all the Iranian hotels, in which 37 three-star four-star and five-star ones are located in Tehran, After distributing the questionnaires for data collection, the total number of 69 questionnaires were accepted. The average comparison of test (t-test) and correlation Solidarity tests were applied to test the theories. The results of this study reveal that the hotels utilize effective and high-tech accounting information systems and applying advanced technologies increases the efficiency of the accounting information systems.
An application of principal component analysis to the interpretation of ionospheric current systems

Ionospheric currents are driven by several different physical processes and exhibit complex spatial and temporal structure. Magnetic field measurements of ionospheric sources are often spatially sparse, causing significant challenges in visualizing current flow at a specific time. Standard methods of fitting equivalent current models to magnetic observations, such as line currents, spherical harmonic analysis, spherical cap harmonic analysis, and spherical elementary current systems (SECS), are often unable to capture the full spatial complexity of the currents or require a large number of parameters which cannot be fully determined by the available data coverage. These methods rely on a set of generic basis functions which contain limited information about the geometries of the various ionospheric sources. In this study, we develop new basis functions for fitting ground and satellite measurements, which are derived from physics‐based ionospheric modeling combined with principal component analysis (PCA). The physics‐based modeling provides realistic current flow patterns for all of the primary ionospheric sources, including their daily and seasonal variability. The PCA technique extracts the most relevant spatial geometries of the currents from the model run into a small set of equivalent current modes. We fit these modes to magnetic measurements of the Swarm satellite mission at low and middle latitudes and compare the resulting model with independent measurements and with the SECS approach. We find that our PCA method accurately reproduces features of the equatorial electrojet and Sq current systems with only 10 modes and can predict ionospheric fields far from the data region.
A constructive procedure for finding good starting solutions to the network design problem with uncertain parameters

Given a network with a set of nodes and a set of potential edges, we must decide what edges will be included in the design to satisfy demands between pairs of nodes. Each edge has associated a finite capacity, a fixed cost and routing costs. Uncertainty will be considered in important input parameters such as demands and routing costs and will be modeled through scenarios. The objective is to find a network design that is "good" across all scenarios potentially realizable. At the present time, there exists no exact algorithm that can solve large instances, common in several applications, in a reasonable period of time. A GRASP is proposed that gives solutions of acceptable quality.
A Comparison of Multi-step GDP Forecasts for South Africa

To forecast at several, say h, periods into the future, a modeller faces two techniques: iterating one-step ahead forecasts (the IMS technique) or directly modeling the relation betwen observations separated by an h-period interval and using it for forecasting (DMS forecasting). It is known that structural breaks, unit-root non-stationarity and residual autocorrelation benefit DMS accuracy in finite samples, all of which occuring when modelling the South African GDP over the last thirty years. This paper analyzes the forecasting properties of the model developed by Aron and Muellbauer (2002) and compares with them that of 30 derived or competing models. We find that the GDP of South Africa is best forecast, 4 quarters ahead, using the technique developed by these authors and its variants as derived in the present paper. Rankings of other models vary over time and it is difficult to recommend one of them as a rule in this exercise.
Core-Polymerized Reactive Micelles from Heterotelechelic Amphiphilic Block Copolymers

Amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide (PEG/PLA) copolymers with an aldehyde group at one end and a methacryloyl group at the other chain end were synthesized by anionic polymerization. The efficiencies of the functionalization at both ends were almost quantitative. The amphiphilic block copolymers formed micelles in aqueous media. Acetal groups on the micelle surface were quantitatively converted to aldehyde groups by an acid treatment. The end methacryloyl group located in the core of the micelle was polymerized effectively to form core−shell-type nanoparticles having reactive aldehyde groups on the surface. The size of the reactive nanoparticle was 20−30 nm which was constant with temperatures up to 60 °C. The stability of the micelle was also confirmed by a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. When SDS was added to the nanosphere solution to 20 mg/mL, the particle was not collapsed. The particle was stable enough even in organic solvents. This functionalized micelle having high stability i.
A reconstruction of total solar irradiance since 1700

The irradiance of the Sun is reconstructed from 1700 to the present, whereby the contributions of active regions and the quiet Sun are modelled separately. A method is proposed which allows the contribution of active‐region faculae and sunspots to irradiance changes to be isolated even when only a single proxy of solar activity, such as sunspot relative number, Rz, is available. The resulting reconstruction explicitly takes the non‐linear relationship between Rz and irradiance variations into account. Nevertheless, due to the decreasing accuracy of the solar proxy data the accuracy of the reconstruction decreases at earlier epochs. The main uncertainty, however, lies in the reconstruction of the quiet‐sun irradiance variations.
Male Pragmatism in Ethical Decision Making

Why do men have more lenient ethical standards than women? To address this question, we test the male pragmatism hypothesis, which posits that men rely on their social and achievement motivations to set ethical standards more so than women. Across two studies, motivation was both manipulated and measured before examining ethicality judgments. Study 1 manipulated identification with two parties in an ethical dilemma and found that men were more egocentric than women. Whereas menâ€™s ethicality judgments were affected by the identification manipulation, womenâ€™s judgments were not. Study 2 examined whether implicit negotiation beliefs, which predict achievement motivations to either demonstrate or develop negotiating skill, predicted ethicality judgments and, if so, whether this relationship was moderated by gender. As hypothesized, fixed beliefs predicted lower ethical standards, particularly for men. In combination, these findings suggest men are more pragmatic in setting ethical standards than women.
Research on Magnetically Coupled Resonance Wireless Transmission Practice Teaching Platform

Magnetically coupled resonant wireless transmission of practice teaching platform is a high-tech system, and magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transmission experiment design and verification can be carried out on this platform by students. This thesis discusses the importance of efficient wireless energy transfer technology applied to distance magnetically coupled resonance technology in the practice of teaching from the practice teaching system of magnetically coupled resonant wireless transmission mechanism, the establishment and application of practice teaching system. It provides a system platform for students to establish wireless power transmission model and to apply the mutual inductance principle and coupling theory to derive the transmission efficiency for obtaining the key factors that affect the transmission efficiency such as the resonant frequency, the coil mutual inductance and the coil quality factor, etc., and to draw the conclusions of the above theoretical analysis verified by experiments
INSIGHT TO LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL AS PHYTOMEDICINE: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Lemongrass oil (LGO) is extracted from fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus by steam distillation. Chemical constituents of Lemongrass oil are myrcene, citronellal, geranyl acetate, nerol, geraniol, ne ral and traces of limonene and citral. Phytotherapeutic properties of Lemongrass oil are antimicrobial, antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, deodorant, febrifuge, fungicidal, nervous system se dative and tonic. In addition, LGO also revitalizes the bo dy and relieves the symptoms of jetlag, clears head aches and helps to combat nervous exhaustion and stress-r elated conditions. Traditional uses include its pot ential in severity of respiratory infections such as sore throats, laryngitis and fever and also conditions l ike colitis and gastro-enteritis. In this review, we present th e scientific works published till the date. Formula tion strategies, analytical works, bioactivities, toxico logy and animal studies have been discussed in brie f in this report.
Income Distribution, Market Structure, and Individual Welfare

This paper explores how income distribution affects market structure, prices, and economic well-being of different consumer groups. I consider a general equilibrium model of monopolistic competition with free entry, heterogenous firms and consumers that share identical but non-homothetic preferences. The results in the paper suggest that poverty reduction might be of a greater importance than lowering income inequality, as lower income inequality does not necessarily lead to welfare gains of the poor. In particular, I show that higher income inequality may benefit the poor via a trickle-down effect operating through the entry of firms into the market.
A quick-and-easy method for estimating switching costs

I develop and test a method for a quick-and-easy calculation of consumer switching costs among brands in a given industry. The theory developed and tested here maps observed brands’ prices and market shares onto the switching costs which deter a consumer of a specific brand from switching to any other competing brand. Then, I demonstrate how users’ switching costs can be directly calculated in two different industries: (a) the Israeli cellular phone market, and (b) the Finnish market for bank deposits. This calculation method can be used to calculate switching costs in a wide variety of other industries, such as airlines, health services, computers, software, telecommunications, and more.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C81; D12; L11
Amphibians in the Wawer district of the Warsaw agglomeration

Studies on amphibians of permanent water bodies and marshes in the Wawer district of Warsaw were carried out in the spring of 2007. This terrain is situated on the right bank of the Vistula River, an d is one of the least urbanized areas of the city. In this study, species composition, frequency of occurrence and number of individuals on breeding sites were determined. Surprisingly, only six amphibian species were found, which was two times lower than found during previous research in the left bank are a of Warsaw. The most common species occurring in Wawer were: moor frog ( Rana arvalis ) and common toad ( Bufo bufo ). Only 69.2 % of permanent water bodies were inhabited by any amphibian species. To enable future comparative studies to be made on the impact of urban developm ent and increased human activity on local amphibian populations, the precise locality of breeding sites were p rovided.
How Much Control Dose Central Bank of Iran over Money Supply

In discussions about the efficacy of monetary policy instruments, attention is often focused on analyzing the money supply process. Monetarists, in general, argue that the monetary authorities can exercise effective control over the stock of money; others, especially those who share the new view of monetary theory argue that the determination of the stock of money is part of the economy. In this view, the stock of money is the outgrowth of the behavior of the public, the financial sector (banks), the finance ministry, and the rest of the world as well as of the actions of the central bank. The paper investigated the co-integrating property and stability of the supply of money function in Iran. The paper employed the ARDL approach together with CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests. The results show that M1 and M2 is cointegrated with net claims on the government, net foreign assets, and rate of profit on bank deposit (interest rate and a major implication of using interest rate elasticity estimates from M2 function is that money is endogenous.
CARACTERISTICS OF PNEUMONIA HOSPITALIZATIONS

Introduction: Pneumonia is the most serious inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory system caused by various microorganisms. It occurs in all age groups, more often in children aged 5 years and below, in children with chronic diseases and impairments of the immune status. The aim of this study was to present the epidemiological, etiological and clinical characteristics of pneumonia in hospitalized children. Patients and methods: We analyzed the epidemiological, etiological and clinical characteristics of pneumonia in 224 children hospitalized at the Pediatric hospital Tuzla during one year period with radiologically proven pneumonia. Results: Almost half of children with pneumonia (46.4%) were infants, and 82.1% of patients were under five years of age. The boys were leading in all age groups. A significant number of children had one or more predisposing risk factors. Clinical signs, gas analyses and pulse oximetry well correlated with hypoxemic type of respiratory failure. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The average length of intensive treatment was 2.8 days and the average total length of treatment was 9.5 days. Conclusion: Pneumonia hospitalizations of children at the Pediatric Clinic Tuzla, showed the usual age and gender distribution. A significant number of children had underlying chronic diseases. Etiological characteristics emphasizing severity of disease and immune status of children. The management of pneumonia in children has to follow general pediatric principles, and special attention should be given to risk categories.