Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A rapid and simple technique for digestion and determination of total phosphorus in animal manures and herbage

This study describes a simple, innovative, acidified persulfate method of autoclave assisted digestion coupled with molybdenum blue spectrophotometric analysis for determination of total phosphorus (TP) in animal manures and herbage. Reagent addition was optimized to give maximum estimations of TP from four manure types of unknown phosphorus (P) content and a certified herbage material of known P content. This method was then compared with the established procedure, an aqua-regia digest followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determination. The persulfate method gave TP estimations of 18.95 mg g−1 for cow manure, 18.90 mg g−1 for broiler litter and 22.82 mg g−1 for pig slurry. These were significantly greater (P<0.01) than the values of 16.10 mg g−1, 17.48 mg g−1 and 19.16 mg g−1 for cow manure broiler litter and pig slurry respectively, determined by the aqua regia/ICP-OES method. No significant difference in TP estimation was found for layer manure or the certified herbage material between methods. The persulfate digestion was simpler, faster, used less hazardous reagents and did not require the continuous attention of the operator as recommended for the aqua-regia method. This work highlights the need for the implementation of a reliable standard method for TP estimation in manures and the need for certified reference manure materials against which laboratories can gauge the reliability of their procedures.
Comparative Study of Allopurinol and Uralyt-4 in patients with Hyperuricemia in Diyala Governorate.

Background: Hyperuricemia represents a major public health problem; approximately most population has hyperuricemia, serum uric acid ≥6.5 mg/dL in women and ≥7.0 mg/dL in men.Allopurinol has been approved for the treatment of hyperuricemia patients. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a linkage between hyperuricemia and type of treatment.Objective: To assess the effect of allopurinol and uralyt- 4 and mixture of two drugs (allopurinol and uralyt-4) in hyperuricemia patientsMethods: A total of 60 serum patients with history of hyperuricemia, obtained from Baladrus Hospital in Diyala governorate, were included in this study. In addition, ten normal uric acid level persons used as control group. Serum used for uric acid. We used two type of treatment to compare the effective of each one to treat patients with hyperuricemia, patients were divided into three groups first one treated with allopurinol at 300mg/day, second group treated with uralyt-4 at 10 mg/day for three time daily while the third group treated with mixture of allopurinol and uralyt-4. Level of uric acid measured after 4 weeks and 8 weeks by enzymatic colorimetric methodResults: The present study, patients had a mean age of 44.5  0.12 years, significant differences noticed between three age groups. The percentage of males equal to females. Urate concentration was more likely to be lower in patients receiving mixture of allopurinol and uralyt-4 comparing with patients receiving single drug such as allopurinol or uralyt-4. But statistical significant differences were not found among them.Conclusion: allopurinol was effective in reducing serum urate in hyperuricemic patients with gout but combination 0f Uralyt-4 (10 mg/d) allopurinol were more efficacious compared with allopurinol (300 mg/d). The doses of allopurinol to which Uralyt-4 has been compared, although commonly prescribed, are low in the range of approved doses of allopurinol. The tolerability of Uralyt-4 for the treatment of hyperuricemia is similar to that of allopurinol.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of octahedral ferrite NiχCo1−χFe2O4 nanocrystals

A series of Ni doped cobalt ferrite compounds with the formula NiχCo1−χFe2O4 where x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 were prepared using a hydrothermal method and subsequently sintered/annealed at 600 °C for 3 h. The influence of the Ni content on the lattice parameter, a, stretching vibration and the magnetization of specimens were subsequently studied. XRD and FTIR were used to investigate structure and composition variations. All samples were found to have a cubic spinel structure. SEM was used to study morphological variations. The results indicate that the average particle sizes are between 30–35 nm with a narrow size distribution along with nanocrystals forming of regular octahedrons. A decrease in the peak to peak line width and increase in resonance field with increasing Ni content were observed from ESR measurements. Based on ESR results, a core-shell type of formation was proposed where the core is made up of undoped CoFe2O4 and the shell is Ni2+ doped CoFe2O4.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A NOVEL OPERATION MODE OF INTEGRATED FERROELECTRIC MICRO-SENSORS

ABSTRACT This paper presents the design, modeling, and simulation of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) based micro-sensors. The PZT thin film is polarized in-plane in stead of through-thickness, and thus utilizes d33 working mode other than d31 working mode. Micro-sensors using cantilever structures and InterDigital Electrodes (IDE) are numerically analyzed by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method. The relation between the sensitivity and the IDE configurations is presented, and some results and conclusions can be used as future design guidelines. The simulation results show that the voltage sensitivity of micro-sensors utilizing d33 mode can be several times or even tens times higher than those utilizing conventional d31 mode. The high sensitivity together with the ease of fabrication makes micro-sensors using d33 mode more competitive and attractive.
Shifts in the Gas-Particle Partitioning of Ambient Organics with Transport into the Indoor Environment

Predicting indoor exposures to ambient organic aerosol (OA) is complicated by shifts in the gas-particle partitioning of ambient organics with outdoor-to-indoor transport. This analysis aims to quantify the effect of changes in temperature and OA loading on the gas-particle partitioning of ambient organics transported indoors and explores whether accounting for shifts in partitioning closes the gap between measured indoor ambient OA concentrations and indoor concentrations calculated in a previous analysis using a model that accounts for only physical losses. Changes in the gas-particle partitioning of ambient organics with outdoor-to-indoor transport were calculated for 167 homes using measured temperatures and OA concentrations and published OA volatility distributions. Initially, it was assumed that ambient OA could be represented with a single volatility distribution. We then repeated the analysis treating ambient OA as the sum of distinct components, each with a distinct volatility distribution, derived from factor analysis of aerosol mass spectra (e.g., hydrocarbon-like OA [HOA], oxygenated OA [OOA]). We also evaluated the sensitivity of our calculations to uncertainty in the thermodynamic properties of ambient OA by varying the enthalpy of vaporization. Partitioning shifts were sensitive to enthalpy-of-vaporization assumptions and resulted in changes in indoor ambient OA concentrations of 13–27%. Our calculations indicate that phase changes are important determinants of residential exposure to ambient OA and are of sufficient magnitude to close the gap between measured and modeled indoor concentrations of ambient OA. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–poly(ferrocenylsilane) dual-responsive hydrogels: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial applications

Novel hydrogels composed of thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and redox-responsive poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) macromolecules were formed by photopolymerization. PFS chains bearing acrylate side groups were copolymerized with NIPAM and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide in tetrahydrofuran in a predetermined ratio under ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) irradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm, in the presence of a photoinitiator. Crosslinking occurred smoothly, providing homogeneous hydrogels. The equilibrium swelling ratio, rheology and morphology of these hybrid PNIPAM–PFS-based hydrogels were investigated. The thermo-responsive properties of the hydrogels were studied as a function of the PFS oxidation state. In situ fabrication of silver nanoparticles inside the hydrogel network via reduction of silver nitrate by the PFS chains led to hydrogel composites. These composites showed strong antimicrobial activity while maintaining a high biocompatibility with cells
EFFECT OF SOIL WATER POTENTIAL AND BULK DENSITY ON WATER UPTAKE PATTERNS AND RESISTANCE TO FLOW OF WATER IN WHEAT PLANTS

Water uptake patterns of wheat plants were studied in a growth chamber by using two soils packed to three different bulk densities. The resistances to water movement in the soil and in the plant were calculated from the mathematical model for water uptake published in the literature. When the capillary potential of the soils was near −⅓ bar, withdrawal of water by plants was relatively small and most of the water was taken from the top 25 cm of the soil column. As soil water potential decreased, water uptake increased progressively toward the lower part of the soil column. The resistance to water movement in the plant increased from the top to the bottom of the root system and increased with increasing bulk density of the soils. For wet soils, unrealistic values were obtained which could be due to the fact that the interaction between aeration and moisture uptake is not taken into account in the theoretical equations for moisture uptake.
Effect of membrane filtration on the flavor of virgin olive oil

Cross-flow microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) with different commercial membranes were applied to virgin olive oil (VOO) in order to remove some compounds that are responsible for oil unpleasant flavor without altering the oil composition. Experimental tests were carried out using a Spanish VOO from Andalusia, which had the typical eucalyptus aroma. Several classical analytical parameters (acidity, peroxide number, UV absorbance) were determined. Moreover, the contents of total chlorophyll and minor polar compounds were detected. The effect of filtration on oil aroma was evaluated by detecting carbonyl compounds and by a panel of trained tasters. The UF Carbosep M1 membrane was the most suitable for softening the oil organoleptic features. Carbosep UF M1 and MF M14 membranes also induced a reduction of the content of total chlorophyll, which certainly slowed down the oil oxidation processes. It should be considered, however, that the observed decrease in the content of phenolic compounds with Carbosep M1 might have an adverse affect on the oil's stability to oxidation, but the observed decrease in total chlorophyll content should oppose it.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Vacuum Ultraviolet Region

Abstract Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry has been applied for trace metal determination in a myriad of sample types. However, the detection of nonmetals is a challenge. For example, the high excitation energies associated with most nonmetals is a barrier for populating the excited state of these elements. Even in the presence of sufficient excitation energy, the principal resonance lines for nonmetals usually lie in the vacuum ultraviolet region, where atmospheric species like oxygen and water vapor absorb the radiation. Several nonmetals (nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon) are also present in the atmosphere, so contamination or background emission signals can hinder quantification. A common approach to solving these problems is to increase throughput by purging the optical path with an inert gas. In addition, unnecessary mirrors or lenses are eliminated when possible. This review provides a survey of the applications of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in the vacuum ultraviolet region, with particular emphasis on the detection of sulfur, phosphorus, iodine, and carbon. The alternative of employing nonresonance lines for these elements in the near-infrared region is discussed briefly as well.
A survey of intrusion detection in mobile Adhoc network

Numerous schemes have been proposed for secure routing and Intrusion Detection for ad hoc net- works. Yet, little work exists in actually implementing such schemes on small handheld devices. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept implementation of a secure rout- ing protocol based on AODV over IPv6, further reinforced by a routing protocol independent Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for ad hoc networks. Security features in the routing protocol include mechanisms for non-repudiation and authentication, without relying on the availability of a Certificate Authority (CA) or a Key Distribution Center (KDC). We present the design and implementation details of our system, the practical considerations involved, and how these mechanisms can be used to detect and thwart malicious attacks. We discuss several scenarios where the secure routing and intrusion detection mechanisms isolate and deny network resources to nodes deemed malicious.
Near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy for the classification of epithelial pre‐cancers and cancers

The use of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy to interrogate epithelial tissue biochemistry and hence distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues was investigated. Six different epithelial tissues from the larynx, tonsil, oesophagus, stomach, bladder and prostate were measured. Spectral diagnostic models were constructed using multivariate statistical analysis of the spectra to classify samples of epithelial cancers and pre-cancers. Tissues were selected for clinical significance and to include those which develop into carcinoma from squamous, transitional or columnar epithelial cells. Rigorous histopathological protocols were followed and mixed pathology tissue samples were discarded from the study. Principal component fed linear discriminant models demonstrated excellent group separation, when tested by cross-validation. Larynx samples, with squamous epithelial tissue, were separated into three distinct groups with sensitivities ranging from 86 to 90% and specificities from 87 to 95%. Bladder specimens, containing transitional epithelial tissue, were separated into five distinct groups with sensitivities of between 78 and 98% and specificities between 96 and 99%. Oesophagus tissue can contain both squamous and columnar cell carcinomas. A three group model discriminated the columnar cell pathological groups with sensitivities of 84–97% and specificities of 93–99%, and an eight group model combining both columnar and squamous tissues in the oesophagus was able to discriminate pathologies with sensitivities of 73–100% and specificities of 92–100%. It is likely that any overlap between pathology group predictions will have been due to a combination of the difficulty in histologically distinguishing between pre-cancerous states and the fact that there is no biochemical boundary from one pathological group to the next, i.e. there is believed to be a continuum of progression from the normal to the diseased state. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticle with Amino Pyridine Moiety and Studies on Their Catalytic Behavior

Aim: The main objective of this paper is to study the synthesis of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticle and its reactivity towards chromene synthesis Study design: Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticle study. Place and duration of study: Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, between December 2009 and July 2010. Methodology: This paper describes synthesis of stable functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles through surface modification of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by amino pyridine. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and the surface modification process was achieved by treating the nanoparticles with (chloro propyl trimethoxy silane) CPTS and aminopyridine. The developed functionalized iron oxide nanoparticle was evaluated as the catalyst for synthesis of chromones under MW irradiation conditions. Results: The catalysts were magnetically recovered and reusable without significant loss of their catalytic efficiency. To receive morphological and structural information on the obtained functionalized nanoparticle, the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. All synthesized chromene derivatives were characterized using analytical techniques such as IR, H NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Also the identity of these compounds was easily established by comparison of their melting point with those of reported samples. Conclusion: In summary, we have developed a new magnetically recyclable and Research Article American Chemical Science Journal, 1(3): 97-108, 2011 98 efficient functionalized magnetic nano catalyst for the chromene synthesis. Magnetic nanoparticle catalyst achieves a simple separation of catalyst without filtration including high yield in product.
Tautomerism of the enedione system of 15-oxoprostaglandin D2

Oxidation of prostaglandin F2α methyl ester by chromic acid yielded 15-oxoprostaglandin D2 methyl ester and the Z- and E-tautomers of the isomeric 12-ene, which were separated by partition chromatography and characterized. After equilibration in acidified water the relative proportions of (Z)-12-ene, (E)-13-ene, and (E)-12-ene were 1.0 : 0.88 : 0.89. In contrast, the proportions of the corresponding isomers of the simpler 1-(2-oxocyclopentyl)oct-1-en-3-one were 1.0 : <0.02 : 5.7, indicating that the side chain at C-8 in the prostaglandin merkedly affects the equilibrium position. In both systems the contribution from enolic forms was small.
Scanning probe field emission current measurements on diamond-like carbon films treated by reactive ion etching

Nitrogen-doped chemical vapour deposited diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were treated by reactive ion etching system under various conditions of CHF3 gas successively after pre-treatment with oxygen. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were carried out in order to characterize the surface morphology and chemical bond, respectively. Scanning tunnelling microscopy was used in order to investigate the surface state of the DLC films at the nanoscale level. Scanning probe field emission current measurement was performed in order to obtain the emission current mapping. The emission sites appeared to a great extent after the surface treatment by CHF3 gas and a clear activation effect was observed. We confirmed that the surface treatment using CHF3 gas affected not only the appearance of emission sites but also the activation process.
A polyamidoamine dendrimer with peripheral 1,8-naphthalimide groups capable of acting as a PET fluorescent sensor for metal cations

The effect of some metal ions (Fe2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pb2+) upon the fluorescent intensity of a first generation polyamidoamine dendrimer with a peripheral 4-dimethylaminoethylamine-1,8-naphthalimide group was investigated. The presence of metal ions was found to evoke a photoinduced electron transfer leading to an enhancement in the fluorescence. The results obtained reveal the capacities of these systems to act as sensitive detectors of environment pollution by metal ions. The metal ions inhibit the photodegradation of the dendrimer molecule which exhibits PET properties.
General model for the aqueous precipitation of rough-surface nanocrystals and application to ferrihydrite genesis

Abstract Ferrihydrite is a key reactive nanoparticle in the Earth surface environment that regulates nutrient and metal cycling in marine, lacustrine, and groundwater settings; yet its genesis is unknown and there is no mechanistic explanation of its nanostructural nature. We develop a model, based on established aqueous precipitation theory, for rough-surface phases growing by accretion of monomers under fast diffusion conditions. The model is entirely defined in terms of a minimal set of necessary microscopic (molecular-scale) characteristic parameters. It is applied to ferrihydrite where the needed microscopic parameters are constrained by some of the mineral’s known physico-chemical properties. Our model qualitatively reproduces the main nanostructural properties and known precipitation kinetics of ferrihydrite, predicting that ferrihydrite will be nanometric in size, will have a narrow particle size distribution (standard deviation width equal to a fraction of the average particle size), and will typically precipitate from supersaturated conditions within times ranging from a fraction of a second to several days, under normal environmental-proxy conditions. The model also suggests that different metastable structures of ferrihydrite having similar rough surfaces would kinetically compete during nucleation and growth to coexist in the final product, as observed by Janney et al. (2000a, 2001).
Processo de planejamento e condução das operações terrestres

Este Manual de Campanha (MC) tem por finalidade apresentar o planejamento e a conducao das operacoes terrestres, com vistas a orientar os comandantes e estados-maiores (EM), nos niveis operacionais e taticos, para que conduzam os planejamentos sob sua responsabilidade, para o preparo e o emprego dos Grandes Comandos Operativos (G Cmdo Op), Grandes Unidades (GU) e Unidades (U) da Forca Terrestre (F Ter).
Investigation of the Structure of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Layers Adsorbed at the Alumina-Polymer Solution Interface

The investigations presented were aimed at a description of the structure of the adsorbed layers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of Al2O3. This was obtained from measurements of the adsorption heat of PEG macromolecules as well as of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (C4H10O2) and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (C10H22O5), i.e. low-molecular weight compounds constituting the monomers forming the PEG chain. The results allowed the fraction of polymer segments bonding directly to the Al2O3 surface to be estimated. Other information obtained from calculations based on the Scheutjens–Fleer theory included the distribution of chain segment conformations as trains, loops and tails, together with a determination of some structural changes and the sizes of PEG macromolecules as they moved from the bulk solution to the solid phase surface. The thickness of the adsorbed macro-molecular polymer layers on the alumina surface was also determined. All these data enabled an approximate description to be made of the polymer chain structure at the Al2O3–polymer solution interface.