Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New approach for computing satellite clocks focused on testing general relativity with Galileo satellites

The estimation of the fractional part of carrier phase ambiguities (also named phase biases) for satellites and receivers [1,2] is a key point in order to fix carrier phase ambiguities when processing un-differenced measurements. Initially, phase biases were introduced in order to allow users to achieve similar accuracies using PPP than those using differential techniques, as RTK, with the advantage that PPP can be applied globally, while RTK can only be applied over a regional area. In the context of the ongoing ESA project General Relativity Experiment (GREAT), we are developing a new strategy to estimate accurate satellite clocks, which are the key element for testing the general relativity predictions, as well as other fundamental aspects of sciences. In this work we show how phase bias estimates, i.e. unambiguous carrier phases, can also help to compute satellite corrections (in general) and clocks in particular. Indeed, based on the phase biases estimates, we present a new approach for computing satellite and receiver clocks that involves all the frequencies, instead of using just the ionospheric free combination, which is the usual way for estimating satellite and receiver clocks. Therefore, we are able to estimate, in the same process, satellite and receiver clocks and the different inter-frequency and inter-constellation biases. We apply this new strategy for estimating clock and biases for receivers and for GPS and Galileo satellites, taking benefit from the stability of H-maser frequency standard on board of the Galileo satellites. The period considered in study involves 16 days of 2017, from day of year 284 to 299. During these days, the Galileo constellation had 17 satellites, which was enough to apply the strategy. The main results can be summarized as: − Unambiguous carrier phase measurements (i.e. very precise pseudoranges) can be obtained during the whole period of 16 days. This is thanks to the stability of the carrier phase biases during the whole period. As a consequence, and in spite each day the data is processed independently, the unambiguous phase measurements do not present discontinuities between days. − While in the standard processing of combined GPS and Galileo data, clock daily solutions presents small jumps from day to day estimates (at the level of 0.1 ns for GPS and several tenths of a nanoseconds for Galileo), with our strategy, these jumps practically disappear thanks to the continuity of the phase measurements. − The phase biases estimates, which in our strategy are done together with clocks, exhibit temperature depend variation for the L5 frequency of the GPS block IIF. This dependency was reported by some authors [3] using geometry free combinations. − Finally, taking advantage from the high stability of the clocks on board of Galileo satellites, clock solutions using several strategies will be compared. From these comparisons, we will discuss how general relativity tests can benefit from these improved clock estimates.
odeling and assessment of e-waste takeback strategies in India

The problem of growing e-waste (also called as WEEE) quantities in developing countries have prompted governments to plan innovative control measures and to institutionalize environment friendly strategies to mitigate the threats emanating from such waste. In India, e-waste recycling has been primarily a market driven industry. Under India’s newly drafted e-waste management handling rules, the producers are expected to introduce and implement EPR regimes as early as possible. The scope of implementing EPR has also been discussed in these guidelines. In this work, we make an attempt to assess different EPR take-back policies and investigate their suitability for the Indian conditions. We use an economic model to ascertain the profitability of different EPR take-back schemes. In order to sustain the higher costs of
Sparsity-Mediated Microscopy Breaking Abbes Limit by Numerical Means

We present the experimental reconstruction of sub-wavelength features from the far-field of sparse optical objects. We show that it is sufficient to know that the object is sparse, and only that, and recover 100 nm features with the resolution of 30 nm, for an illuminating wavelength of l = 532 nm. Our technique works in realtime, requires no scanning, and can be implemented in all existing microscopes ­optical and non-optical.
A cross sectional study on eating disorders among college students in Bagalkot city

Introduction: Young adulthood is a stressful transition period that may increase the risk for disturbed eating, especially for college students. The prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in this part of the world (South East Asia) is lower than that of Western countries but appears to be increasing. There are very limited studies on Eating Disorders in India. So, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of eating disorders. Aim: To find out the prevalence of eating disorders among college students of Bagalkot city. Methodology: A Cross sectional study was conducted among 489 students from eight colleges in Bagalkot city. A pre tested, semi structured questionnaires were used and BMI were noted. Results were tabulated using Microsoft excel 2007 and chi square tests used to find the association. Results: In the present study 65.85% were girls and 34.15% were boys. Majority (31.09%) belong to class III socio-economic class (SEC) and 89.78% reside at hostel. The prevalence of study participants with disturbed eating attitude and serious ED was 12.68% and 2.86% respectively. Among ED, two third (78.57%) were more than 21yrs old (p<0.001), maximum among female( 92.86%) (p=0.03), more than one fifth (28.57%) are medical college students and majority (71.43%) were from urban background(p<0.001). ED was more prevalent (64.29% ) among class I SEC (p< 0.001). The risk of ED was for female (OR=0.14, 95%CL-0.01-1.10), urban background (OR=2.3, 95%CL-0.71-7.46) and statistically significant for students staying away from home (OR=13.7, 95%CL-4.5-41.4) Conclusions: Eating disorder is strongly correlated with the urban background and higher socio economic status. Awareness regarding eating disorders should be emphasized among youth, parents and public.
CPSC 490 Senior Project : Long-Distance Human Gaze Tracking for Interactive Robots

Determining where a human subject is looking their “gaze" is an important component of many of today’s interactive machines because it can help systems decide what actions the subject is performing, or even predict their future intent. Many of the gaze detection systems commonly in use today (from cell phones to auto-pilot warning systems) perform well only when certain constraints are placed on the user’s pose/ orientation, and usually when they are within a specific (short) distance from the camera. In this project, we sought to explore robust, relatively fast gaze detection/ following techniques for subjects at longer distances from the camera, and with fewer assumptions made about head pose and orientation. The goal is for the system to be capable of use in machines interacting in real time with (several) humans in social settings. We used a dataset consisting of images drawn from a combination of several popular largescale image datasets, and annotated with gaze information for subjects in the image [9]. This dataset imposes no constraints on a person’s head pose, orientation, or distance from the camera, making it well-aligned for our use case. We then adapt and modify the methods used in [9] to train deep convolutional neural networks to detect where a subject in the image is looking at. Results show that our models achieve comparable results to those in [9], while removing the need for complex shifted-grid layers. This suggests that such techniques can be promising for use in real-time gaze inference for robots in social settings. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for thirdparty components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). CS490, Nov 2018, New Haven, CT © 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). ACM ISBN 978-x-xxxx-xxxx-x/YY/MM. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn ACM Reference format: Peter Zhou, Partner: Dibya Bhattacharjee, and Advisor: Marynel Vázquez. 2018. CPSC 490 Senior Project: Long-Distance Human Gaze Tracking for Interactive Robots. In Proceedings of CS490, New Haven, CT, Nov 2018, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn
Learning Item Embedding with Heterogeneous Information for Collaborative Filtering

Item-based collaborative filtering captures the itemitem similarities via user-item interactions. However, in online platforms with tens of millions items, it is hard to precisely model the similarities since user behavior is very sparse w.r. t large number of items. Items associated with little user behavior are usually not sufficiently modeled. In fact, the similarities between items could be affected by many facts such as their properties like title and description. In this paper, we propose a representation learning based approach that utilizes the heterogeneous information of users, items, and user-item interactions, to bridge the user behavior and item content. The produced representation models the item similarity from multi-aspects, alleviating the problems above. We evaluate on several tasks, deploy our framework onto a real-world recommender system, and run A/B tests on one of the online recommendation services in Alibaba Group, proving our method to be effective and scalable.
CONTRAILS AND CLIMATE CHANGE : AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF AVIATION-INDUCED-CLOUDINESS ON THE IRISH CLIMATE USING AATSR IMAGERY

Contrails, or ‘condensation trails’, produced in the wake of jet aircraft have been found to have a small but significant global net climate-warming effect [1]. When atmospheric conditions are favorable (i.e. when ambient atmospheric humidity is high and temperature is below a threshold value of typically less than -40C), contrails can persist for several hours, grow to become several kilometers long and can also trigger additional cirruscloud formation as they spread which can further impact climate! Due to Ireland’s proximity to the North Atlantic Flight Corridor, large volumes of high-altitude overflights cross Ireland daily. Contrails are essentially artificial-linear-ice-clouds at a lower temperature than the surrounding atmosphere and so are visible in 1 Km satellite imagery at the 11 and 12 μm wavelengths; but are better detected in the temperature difference image between these two thermal channels. An automated Contrail Detection Algorithm (CDA) is applied to AATSR thermal imagery over Ireland, and the percentage contrail-coverage of each scene determined. Preliminary results, based on 2008 morning and evening AATSR overpasses show a similar annual average contrail-coverage when present of 0.25% and 0.19% respectively, even though air-traffic density is typically several times higher during the morning overpasses. Cases of excessive contrail-coverage, of up to 2.06% have been observed in combination with extensive cirrus-coverage over Ireland. Results from meteorological data indicate more highly favorable atmospheric conditions for contrail formation and persistence in 00h00 and 06h00 radiosonde ascents; which corresponds to a night-time peak in high-altitude flights over Ireland. Furthermore, exceptionally thick contrail-susceptible-atmospheric layers are found in conjunction with cases of excessive satellite-derivedcontrail-coverage.
PRODUCTION OF MANDARIN STOP CONSONANTS IN PRELINGUALLY DEAF CHILDREN WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

The present study examined the production performance of word-initial stops by prelingually deaf Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs). The main purpose was to obtain a comprehensive understanding about how CI children acquired Mandarin stops. The results showed that, compared with normal-hearing (NH) children, CI children followed the same development path but applied some non-developmental phonological rules; made more articulatory errors, especially in the aspirated-unaspirated bilabial cognate pair if given no visual information; presented significantly different VOT patterns, particularly in aspirated stops which reflected their inadequacy in VOT manipulation; and were affected by the articulatory constraints in a similar way to NH children across different vowel contexts. Only the length of CI device use was found to be a significant contributor for accuracy performance of CI children but no systematic correlation was found between VOT production skills and the use of cochlear implant devices.
Network Level Manipulation of Neuronal Populations via Microtechnology: Epilepsy on a Chip

Recent studies indicate that oscillations between functional states (ex: ictal, post-ictal) in epilepsy are due to fluctuations in neuronal network firing patterns. However, current epilepsy models are often limited to non-mechanistically identifying the most likely anti-epileptic drug candidates. Therefore, expanding research to the network level is a promising way to examine the mechanisms underlying mental pathologies and possibly assess better ways to treat them. Microtechnology, which allows for control of the local microenvironment, is a reliable way to study whole networks, but is rarely applied to neurological disease. The objective of this project is to combine microtechnology with standard neuroscience techniques in an effort to create a platform for high throughput testing of anti-epileptic drugs. To achieve this, we create “epileptic” neuronal networks in vitro, characterize network morphology and phenotypic connectivity, and evaluate network activity modulation due to genetic manipulations related to epilepsy. This project focuses on the gene SCN1a, which codes for the voltage gated sodium channel Nav1.1. Mutations in SCN1a are linked to Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus. The central hypothesis is that mutations in SCN1a affect activity properties of individual neurons, thus impacting recurrent activity in small networks, and that examining these networks may provide insight into pathways involved in seizure propagation.
10 Linkages Understanding Their Role in Polycentric Governance

Global climate governance has developed from a classic international regime (based on the interests and decision-making of states) to a polycentric system (see Chapters 1 and 2), encompassing a wide range of non-state and subnational actors. Polycentric governance theory assumes that while governing initiatives are largely independent in establishing their own norms and rules via self-organisation, they are able to mutually adjust and collaborate with each other. Polycentric governance, in other words, highlights a non-hierarchic, layered landscape in which initiatives are linked rather than isolated. However, the exact nature of linkages has not been a major puzzle in polycentric governance theory to date. To close this gap, we explicitly discuss linkages between and among state, nonstate and subnational actions in the polycentric climate governance system. From a research perspective, ‘linkages’ is a broad and diverse concept. Linkages can be material, functional, biophysical or a ‘fact of life’ (van Asselt, Gupta and Biermann, 2005). For instance, climate change has an impact on biodiversity and poverty levels in countries lacking adaptive capacity. We focus, however, on institutional linkages that occur directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, among climate actions. Cities, for instance, collaborate and compete with other cities for resources; they are also dependent on the actions by the regions and countries in which they are located, the companies and industries driving their economies and their citizens (see Chapter 5). From a policy perspective, coordinating and improving linkages between actors and institutions has started to gain traction. The 2015 Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) could be seen as marking a decisive shift towards more polycentric climate governance, increasingly trying to harness the potential benefits of linkages, while at the same
CVIA Complex Coronary Cameral Fistulas Evaluated by Multi-Detector CT Angiography : A Report of Three Rare Cases and a Review of the Literature

Coronary cameral or coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are anomalies involving termination of the coronary arteries and are, by definition, direct pre-capillary connections between a branch of the coronary artery with a cardiac chamber, pulmonary artery or vein, superior vena cava, or the coronary sinus [1,2]. Studies have shown that the incidence of coronary cameral fistulas is rare, about 0.0002% in the general population [3]. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography with electrocardiographic (ECG) gating precisely shows complex and sometimes multiple coronary fistulas, their intraluminal and extra-luminal morphology, drainage routes, and relationships with surrounding structures, helping guide treatment planning [1,2]. CASE REPORT
Mixed evidence from stream threespine stickleback Can gene flow have negative demographic consequences ?

References http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/364/1523/1533.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 56 articles, 3 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (634 articles) evolution  (537 articles) ecology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
You Shall Not Join: A Measurement Study of Cryptocurrency Peer-to-Peer Bootstrapping Techniques

Cryptocurrencies are digital assets which depend upon the use of distributed peer-to-peer networks. The method a new peer uses to initially join a peer-to-peer network is known as bootstrapping. The ability to bootstrap without the use of a centralized resource is an unresolved challenge. In this paper we survey the bootstrapping techniques used by 74 cryptocurrencies and find that censorship-prone methods such as DNS seeding and IP hard-coding are the most prevalent. In response to this finding, we test two other bootstrapping techniques less susceptible to censorship, Tor and ZMap, to determine if they are operationally feasible alternatives more resilient to censorship. We perform a global measurement study of DNS query responses for each the 92 DNS seeds discovered across 42 countries using the distributed RIPE Atlas network. This provides details of each cryptocurrencies' peer-to-peer network topology and also highlights instances of DNS outages and query manipulation impacting the bootstrapping process. Our study also reveals that the source code of the cryptocurrencies researched comes from only five main repositories; hence accounting for the inheritance of legacy bootstrapping methods. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings and provide recommendations to mitigate the risks exposed.
Validation of the Polish version of the Anderson and Dedrick Trust in Physician scale

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) for Polish patients. Materials and Methods: The validation of a Polish-language version of Anderson and Dedrick’s TPS was performed with a group of 849 patients. Validation consisted of the translation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Polish TPS and its application among Polishspeaking patients. We also explored the TPS with the patient’s sex, age, education, income, marital status, and number of physician visits. Results: The internal consistency of the Polish TPS was high (Cronbach’s alpha = .891). In our study, the TPS is positively associated with age, education, income, marital status, and number of physician visits. Also, we have found that the TPS is negatively associated with sex and place of residence. Conclusions: The Polish-language scale fulfills all the criteria of psychometric and functional validation with the original version of the Trust in Physician Scale.
Evaluation of the Risks of Contaminating Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed with High Erucic Rapeseed and Identification of Mitigation Strategies

High erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) oil is under increasing demand for various industrial applications. However, many growers are concerned that if they grow the crop, they will not be able to revert to other rapeseed varieties in the future due to the risk of erucic acid (EA) contamination of the harvested seed and inability to maintain acceptable erucic acid thresholds. This review considered published literature and, using the same criteria as that used to contain transgenic crops, aimed to identify the key risks of erucic acid contamination, broadly prioritise them and identify pragmatic mitigation options. Oilseed rape has a number of traits that increase the risk of low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) crops being contaminated with EA from HEAR varieties. The quantity of seed produced and the potential for seed dormancy coupled with partial autogamy (self-fertilisation) facilitate the establishment and persistence of volunteer and feral populations. The large quantities of pollen produced when the crop is in flower mean there is also a high potential for cross-pollination. Self-sown volunteer plants represent the highest potential contamination risk, followed by the presence of arable weeds (e.g., wild mustard) whose seeds are also high in EA. Other risks arise from the cross-pollination of compatible wild relatives and the mixing of seed prior to sowing. It is important that both HEAR and LEAR varieties are appropriately managed since risks and their potential for mitigation arise throughout the entire LEAR crop production process. The length of rotation, type of tillage, cultivar choice, buffer zones, effective weed management and basic machinery hygiene are all factors that can reduce the risk of erucic acid contamination of LEAR crops and maintain the required thresholds.
Predicting Loss of Inference Accuracy in Bounded Tree-Width Bayesian Networks

A Bayesian network (BN) is a compact way to represent a joint probability distribution graphically. The BN consists of a structure in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and a set of parameters. The nodes of the DAG correspond to random variables, and the absence of an arc encodes a conditional independence between two variables. Computing conditional probabilities from a Bayesian network is known as inference and is an NP-hard problem. However, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to a property of the network called tree-width. As a consequence, learning networks of bounded tree-width is of interest. When we bound the tree-width of a BN, we may no longer be able to accurately represent the probability distribution and thus we expect some loss of inference accuracy. However, predicting how much the inference accuracy will decay is no easy task. In this thesis, we propose a solution to this problem by quantifying the strength of arcs in the network. We define a measure called dependency strength that measures how strong the dependencies in our network are. We also report results from an experiment to evaluate how well the measure performs in predicting the loss of accuracy in bounded tree-width BNs. Our findings show indications that the measure can be used to predict loss of inference accuracy, but we conclude that more experiments are needed to confirm this.