Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometric-Process-Based Battery Management Optimizing Policy for the Electric Bus

With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry and promotive policies worldwide, the electric bus (E-bus) has been adopted in many major cities around the world. One of the most important factors that restrain the widespread application of the E-bus is the high operating cost due to the deficient battery management. This paper proposes a geometric-process-based (GP-based) battery management optimizing policy which aims to minimize the average cost of the operation on the premise of meeting the required sufficient battery availability. Considering the deterioration of the battery after repeated charging and discharging, this paper constructs the model of the operation of the E-bus battery as a geometric process, and the premaintenance time has been considered with the failure repairment time to enhance the GP-based battery operation model considering the battery cannot be as good as new after the two processes. The computer simulation is carried out by adopting the proposed optimizing policy, and the result verifies the effectiveness of the policy, denoting its significant performance on the application of the E-bus battery management.
On the Foundations of the Strategic Theory of the Firm: Should We Rely on Governance, Capabilities, or Both?

This paper is taken up with discussing the extent to which existing economic theories of the firm are helpful for constructing what Rumelt called a strategic theory of the firm. Such a theory explains the existence, boundaries, organization and competitive advantage of the firm. The modern economics of organization (e.g., agency theory, transaction cost economics, incomplete contracts theory) is characterized by the heuristic of reducing literally all aspects of economic organization to the alignment of incentives. It thus arguably misrepresents many management and strategy issues. On the other hand, the dominant contender, the capabilities perspective, is lacking in several respects, for example, with respect to its lack of crisp microfoundations, and its inability to predict, explain ownership and explain the existence of the firm. The best way forward in the construction of a strategic theory of the firm is probably to draw eclectically on both approaches.
A conceptual framework on individual investors’ learning behavior in the context of stock trading: An integrated perspective

Abstract The objective of the paper is to introduce a conceptual framework for the study of learning behavior of an individual investor in the context of stock trading. It is developed based on the review of behavioral finance literature, and insights from cognitive, behavioral and social learning theories and related empirical evidence. The framework recognizes the investor as an entity that learns consciously and/or unconsciously for continually updating its perspectives underlying stock trading. The intentional or consciousness form of learning occurs as individual learning through reflection of past trading experiences whereas the learning happens unconsciously as social learning through inquiry and imitating the others’ behaviors. These learning processes are expected to be affected by interaction of various structures and processes, both internal and external to the investor, such as cognitive, affective, social and behavioral ones. Accordingly, the framework suggests five hypotheses to examine the determinants of these learning behaviors and to assess whether the investors learn over passage of time through the effects of these structures and processes. It promotes primary data-based behavioral finance empirical studies to track dynamics involved in learning, which could provide new insights on such behavior predicted by the adaptive market hypothesis.
Sensitivity based Load Shedding Strategy for Avoiding Voltage Instability

Distribution networks (DNs) are being operated closer to the voltage stability boundaries due to the exponentially increasing power demand. This paper presents a sensitivity based load shedding strategy for averting the occurrence of voltage instability in DNs. This method identifies the most sensitive node through evaluating the sensitivity between the voltage stability and real power demand at each node and performs load shedding at the chosen node; and repeats this process till the network enters the stable region. The method improves the bus voltage profile besides avoiding voltage collapse. The simulation results on two test systems emphasize its applicability on networks of any size. Keywordsdistribution networks, voltage stability, voltage collapse, load shedding. INTRODUCTION The present day distribution networks (DNs) are more heavily loaded than ever before to meet the exponentially-increasing power demand, thereby operating closer to voltage stability (VS) boundaries. In certain industrial areas, it is observed that under certain critical loading conditions, the distribution network suffers from voltage collapse [1] . Voltage collapse is characterized by a slow variation in system operating point due to increase in the loads in such a way that the voltage magnitude gradually decreases until a sharp accelerated change occurs [2] . In recent years, voltage stability of distribution systems have thus received great attention for both analysis and enhancement of operating conditions; and several methods that includes various indices have been suggested for assessing the VS [2]-[9] . However, when the network is operating closer to voltage instability, the prime goal is prevention of voltage collapse. If the network still remains nearer to voltage instability region even after initiating the measures such as network reconfiguration, switching capacitor banks and running distribution generation (DG) units, the load curtailment at some weak buses is the only avenue for avoiding voltage collapse. Though extensive research is in vogue for load shedding of transmission networks, [8]-[14] , relatively a little work is reported for load shedding of DNs to avoid voltage collapse [15]-[17] . A new strategy involving sensitivity factors for identifying the appropriate nodes for load shedding with a view of avoiding voltage instability in DNs has been proposed in this paper. The proposed strategy (PS) has been applied on two DNs and the results have been presented.
Anuran richness and occurrence relative to urbanisation on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia

Anurans are an important component of ecosystems, as they contribute to the transfer of energy between aquatic and terrestrial habitat and act as predators, prey, and herbivores. However, even though urbanisation is acknowledged as a threat to 50% of Australia’s endangered anurans, there is little published research on anurans in urban patches in Australia compared to those in undisturbed habitat. This type of research may prove vital to the management of biodiversity within the Perth region, which is currently the fastest growing capital city in Australia, and existing urban remnants may become increasingly important to conservation. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of a modified landscape on anuran occupancy and species richness, incorporating analyses to account for variations in detection probability amongst species within wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia. Temperature was found to exert a consistent effect on the detection of all species. The observed influence of survey-dependent variables on species detection can aid the design of future surveys of the study species. Occupancy amongst species was best predicted by combinations of road cover and residential area. Interestingly, residential area showed a positive relationship with occurrence, which is most likely due to the changes in hydroperiod that occur within urban wetlands. Species richness was best predicted by both residential and wetland area. Several species were encountered very infrequently during the survey period, which may indicate that these species are limited in their distribution along the Swan Coastal Plain. Projected climate change predicts the loss of surface water groundwater expressions in some areas, which may pose a threat to the local existence of these species. Overall, the findings of this study may inform the future management of anurans within the Swan coastal Plain, and highlights the potential for wetlands to contribute to the protection of biodiversity in an increasingly degraded environment.
Value Creation and Value Capture with Frictions

We use a formal value-based model to study how frictions in the product market affect value creation and value capture. We define frictions as incomplete linkages in the industry value chain that keep some parties from meeting and transacting. Frictions, which arise from search and switching costs, vary across markets and over time as, for example, products commoditize and competition becomes more global. Importantly, frictions moderate the intensity of industry rivalry, as well as the efficiency of the market. We find that firms with a competitive advantage prefer industries with lower levels of frictions than their disadvantaged rivals. We show that the impact of rivalry on industry attractiveness cannot be analyzed independently of other competitive forces such as barriers to entry and buyer bargaining power. We introduce resource development in our model to study the emergence and sustainability of competitive advantage. Firm heterogeneity emerges naturally in our model. We show that the extent of firm heterogeneity falls with the level of frictions, but sustainability increases. Overall, we show that introducing frictions makes value-based models of strategy even more effective at integrating analyses at the industry, firm and resource levels.
Coastal Vulnerability and the Implications of Sea-Level Rise for Ireland

Abstract Ireland, as an island, has a long (<7000 km), crenellate, and cliffed coastline. More than 50% of its population (ca. 5.4 million in 1998) live within 15 km of the coastline. But most of these people are concentrated in a few major urban centres. Effectively, large areas of the coast have a low-density population. These factors mean that Ireland is seen as having an overall low vulnerability to the impacts of sea-level rise. Even so, about 30% of its coastal wetlands could be lost given a 1-m sea-level-rise scenario. People's valuation and awareness of the coastal environment in Ireland has been limited for much of the 20th century by factors of history and emigration. Many coastal areas have remained relatively undeveloped since the 18th and 19th centuries. In the late 20th century, an island-wide awakening to the resource potential of coastal and marine environments began to change this former neglect. In the Republic of Ireland, the Department of the Marine and Natural Resources was set up in 1988, and a separate Marine Institute was added in 1991. These developments established the coastal zone as an important element in future national strategic planning. This article examines the physical components of coastal vulnerability throughout Ireland under sea-level rise and climate change, coupled with the influences of people at the coast. These factors are placed in the context of the development of coastal zone management in Ireland and its links to reducing vulnerability.
Study of a fiber optic humidity sensor based on agarose gel

An optical fiber humidity sensor was fabricated using a hydrophilic gel (agarose) deposited on the tapered plastic optical fiber (POF). The sensing element, agarose, can absorb and exude moisture from/to the ambience, thereby altering its refractive index and changing its ability to modulate the intensity of light that propagates through the fiber. Thus, the operating principle of the sensor is based on the intensity modulation technique, which utilizes a tapered POF probe coated with agarose that is sensitive to humidity. The POF, which was fabricated using an etching method, has a waist diameter of 0.45 mm and tapering length of 10 mm. As the relative humidity varies from 50% to 80%, the output voltage of the sensor with agarose gel of 0.5% weight content decreases linearly from 2.24 mV to 1.55 mV. The agarose-based sensor produces a sensitivity of 0.0228 mV/%, with a slope linearity of more than 98.36%. The tapered fiber with agarose gel of 1% weight content produces a sensitivity of 0.0103 mV/% with a slope linearity of more than 94.95% and a limit of detection of 2.635%, while the tapered fiber with agarose gel of 1.5% weight content produces a sensitivity of 0.0079 mV/% with a slope linearity of more than 98.53% and a limit of detection of 6.853%. The fiber with agarose gel of 0.5% weight content shows higher sensitivity compared to that of 1% and 1.5% due to the effect of pore size, which changes with concentration. The results demonstrate that agarose-based optical fiber sensors are both sensitive and efficient for economical and flexible measurements of humidity.
Scaling results up from a plot and paddock scale to a property – a case study from a long-term grazing experiment in northern Australia

Grazing experiments are usually used to quantify and demonstrate the biophysical impact of grazing strategies,withtheWambianagrazingexperimentbeingoneofthelongestrunningsuchexperimentsinnorthernAustralia. Previous economic analyses of this experiment suggest that there is a major advantage in stocking at a fixed, moderate stocking rate or in using decision rules allowing flexible stocking to match available feed supply. The present study developed and applied a modelling procedure to use data collected at the small plot, land type and paddock scales at the experimental site to simulate the property-level implications of a range of stocking rates for a breeding-finishing cattle enterprise. The greatest economic performance was achieved at a moderate stocking rate of 10.5 adult equivalents 100ha -1 . For the same stocking rate over time, the fixed stocking strategy gave a greater economic performance than strategies that involved moderate changes to stocking rates each year in response to feed supply. Model outcomes were consistent with previous economic analyses using experimental data. Further modelling of the experimental data is warranted and similar analyses could be applied to other major grazing experiments to allow the scaling of results to greater scales.
Assisted living: The politics of Medicaid and Medicare

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.colby. edu/honorstheses Part of the Health Services Administration Commons, and the Other Public Health Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author.
Neotectonics induced by ice-sheet advances in NE Poland

Neotectonics induced by ice-sheet advances in NE Poland Differences in the geological structure of the hard-rock substratum of the Warmia and Mazury regions (NE Poland) resulted during the Pleistocene in different reactions on the load exerted by the land-ice masses. In the (western) Warmia province, vertical glacio-isostatic movements caused cyclic erosional events affecting the relatively thick sedimentary cover, which became more compacted. In contrast, the thinner sedimentary cover of the rigid crystalline basement favoured quiet sedimentation in the (eastern) Mazury province. The zone in between these two areas runs NNE-SSW for some 80 km. It is several kilometres wide and is composed of landforms that owe their origin to the sedimentary infilling of crevasses. This intermediate zone formed an interlobe are between the two huge ice lobes that covered the Warmia and Mazury areas during the last ice age. The basement of the zone coincides with the crystalline craton slope, which is accompanied to the west by a parallel marginal trough. Cyclic advances and retreats of the Pleistocene ice sheet induced neotectonic mobility. Glacio-isostatic processes resulted in the intermediate zone in block movements (uplift and subsidence) that affected the whole Cenozoic succession, creating mainly vertical discontinuity zones. Glacio-isostasy also induced vertical tectonic movements within the older deposits, reaching down to the crystalline basement. A tectonic graben thus developed. It is bounded by flexures accompanied on both sides by positive structures that may indicate transpressional movements with a strike-slip stress component.
A clinical study of foreign bodies in air passages

Background: Foreign body in the airways is a serious event and fatal if not managed properly in time. Accident resulting from the inhalation of the foreign body continues to take formidable toll of lives every year. Objective: This study was undertaken to find out the incidence of foreign bodies in air passages in this part of the country and types of foreign bodies, to establish the role of radiological investigations, and to find out the effective measures which are valuable in decreasing the post endoscopic complications and morbidity. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in all suspected cases of foreign body in the air passages attending as well as referred to the Department of Otolaryngology of a Medical College of Rajasthan from January 2014 to December 2015. In each case, a procedure like direct laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy was done depending on the site of the foreign body. Results: Out of 100 cases, 58 were males and 42 were females. 88% of the patients were children below the age of 12 years. The most common foreign body extracted was betel nut in 47% of the cases. Commonest sign observed was decreased air entry in the lung (83%). Commonest radiological finding was obstructive collapse (37%). 48% of the total foreign bodies were present in right bronchus while 32% were lodged in the left bronchus and 3% at the carina. Conclusion: A diagnostic bronchoscopy should always be done in refractory cases of chronic respiratory infection, allergy or pneumonia. A negative radiological examination does not exclude a foreign body.
Long-term monitoring of active stars VII . UBV ( RI ) c photometry collected in March 1991 ? , ? ?

In the framework of an extensive program focusing on the global properties and evolution of active stars, high-precision UBV (RI)c photometry of 19 selected stars, collected at the European Southern Observatory over the 15-31 March 1991 interval is presented. Significant evolution of the light curves, period variations and evidence for long-term variability of the global degree of spottedness are found. Most of the spectral classifications are discussed. A flare event was detected for the star HD 127535 = V 841 Cen. These observations contribute to the establishment of a time-extended photometric database which can give important clues on topics such as the stability of spotted areas, differential rotation, solar-like cycles and the correlation between inhomogeneities at different atmospheric levels.
Conscience Accounting: Emotional Dynamics and Social Behavior

We develop a dynamic model where people decide in the presence of moral constraints and test the predictions of the model through two experiments. Norm violations induce a temporal feeling of guilt that depreciates with time. Due to such fluctuations of guilt, people exhibit an endogenous temporal inconsistency in social preferences—a behavior we term conscience accounting. In our experiments people first have to make an ethical decision, and subsequently decide whether to donate to charity. We find that those who chose unethically were more likely to donate than those who did not. As predicted, donation rates were higher when the opportunity to donate came sooner after the unethical choice than later. Combined, our theoretical and empirical findings suggest a mechanism by which prosocial behavior is likely to occur within temporal brackets following an unethical choice.
The effects of heat treatment on physical and technological properties and surface roughness of European Hophornbeam ( Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) wood

Heat treatment of wood is an effective method to improve the dimensional stability and durability against biodegradation. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of European Hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) wood were examined. Samples obtained from Alapli-Zonguldak Forest Enterprises, Turkey, were subjected to heat treatment at varying temperatures and for varying durations. The physical properties of heat-treated and control samples were tested, and oven-dry density, air-dry density, and swelling properties were determined. The mechanical properties of heat-treated and control samples were tested, and compression strength parallel to grain, bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, Janka-hardness (cross-section, parallel and perpendicular to grain), impact bending strength, and tensile strength perpendicular to grain were determined. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. Four main roughness parameters, mean arithmetic deviation of profile (Ra), mean peak-tovalley height (Rz), root mean square roughness (Rq), and maximum roughness (Ry) obtained from the surface of wood were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. Significant difference was determined (p = 0.05) between physical and technological properties, and surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Ry, Rq) for three temperatures and three durations of heat treatment. Based on the findings in this study, the results showed that oven-dry density, air-dry density, swelling, compression strength parallel to grain, bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, Janka-hardness (cross-section, parallel and perpendicular to grain), impact bending strength, tensile strength perpendicular to grain and surface roughness values decreased with increasing treatment temperature and treatment times. Increase in temperature and duration further diminished technological strength values of the wood specimens. European Hophornbeam wood could be utilized by using proper heat treatment techniques without any losses in strength values in areas where working, stability, and surface smoothness, such as in window frames, are important factors.