Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direkte numerische Simulation von Salzfingern = Direct numerical simulation of saltfingers / Thomas Zweigle

The phenomena of double-diffusive processes occur when two fluids with molecular diffusivities, operating on different scales, are combined. This process was recognized first by Arons and Stommel and later described with linear theory by Stern in 1960. A gravitationally stable fluid layer, with a stabilizing and a destabilizing component, is the initial state for double-diffusive processes. The release of potential energy by Doublediffusion results in destabilization of this layer. Instability develop and produce local fingerlike structures – the so called saltfingers. These lead to large scale convection of temperature and salinity that is direct against the stabilizing gradients. These kind of processes are not limited to ocean circulation only, Double-diffusion is also found in astrophysics (big Helium-stars), the earth core, metal alloy, refilling of gas reservoirs, etc. The main objective of this work is an estimation of the effective diffusivities of temperature and salinity, caused by saltfingering and is realized by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). These effective diffusivities were used to compare the results with published values and test existing parametrisations. In this way, the effective diffusivity of temperature and salinity could be described by parametrisation. Also, the law of effective diffusivities by Merryfield was in well agreement with the effective fluxes, estimated in the salt-finger simulations of this work. Salt-finger processes were studied in several publications, but, semiconvection in the ocean was never modeled before by direct numerical simulation (DNS). Compared to saltfingering, semiconvection occurs as a process with a much more stable layering – with smaller thermohaline steps (0.5 − 5 m) in contrast to saltfingers (20 − 100 m) – and a narrow parameter range of stability. The developing of effective diffusivity by semiconvetion does not arrive at values of saltfingering.
Jobsheet Learning Media Development of Stone and Concrete Working Practice Courses Building Engineering Education Program of Padang State University

Jobsheet learning media is designed to improve student learning outcomes so that students can understand the overall material provided and help learn independently. This research aims to develop a Jobsheet learning medium in the course of Stone and Concrete Work Practices Building Engineering Education Study Program that is valid, practical, and effective. This research uses Research and Development (R&D)method with 4-D development model. The subject of the study was a building engineering education student who took a course in Working Practice of Stone and Concrete Semester January-June 2019. The results obtained in this study are as follows:(1) produce jobsheet learning media (2) Validity of Jobsheet learning media, declared valid on the content aspect with a value of 0.83 and valid on the aspect of media format with a value of 0.89, (3) Practicality of jobsheet learning media based on two responses lecturers expressed very practical with a percentage of 89.92% and based on 15 responses students expressed very practical with a percentage of 85.03%, (4) Jobsheet learning media, otherwise effective can improve the knowledge aspect of students who use Jobsheet seen from student learning outcomes and effectively improve aspects of student skills seen from results and practice reports. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that jobsheet learning media has been valid, practical and effective as a teaching material in the course of Working Practice of Stone and Concrete.
Investigating social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018: A cross-sectional study.

Background and Aim: the present study was conducted to investigate social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional-analytical study. The total of 380 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected by Probability Proportional to Size Sampling method, from the lists of the students in each faculty. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, organized in four sections. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software version 21.Results: Based on the results of this study 373 (98.2%) of the sample students were on social media, which the most popular ones among them were Telegram (94.1%), Instagram (78.8%) and Whatsapp (61.9%), respectively. The average time spent on social media among students was reported to be 2.78 hours per day and is a significant difference between age groups in terms of attitudes toward using social media (P = 0.031). Conclusion: the results of this study suggested that the majority of students use social media. Since improper use of social media can exert unfortunate effects on different aspects of life of students, and negatively influence their education.
Factors Influencing the Motivations and Perceived Usefulness of a Weather Radar Display in Tampa Bay

Weather information is widely available across many media platforms, including televisions, computers, smartphones, and tablets. In addition to weather forecast information, people are seeking and using a variety of weather information sources that provide them with current conditions and include tools such as satellite images and weather radar displays. However, little is known about how individuals use and perceive information from weather radar displays, despite the existence of radar since the 1940s. This study is a novel exploration of how Tampa Bay area residents use radar and identifies several important factors that influence how useful radar is perceived to be as a decision-making tool. It also investigates what information radar users find most important when choosing to view a radar display, as well as what electronic sources are used most often to access weather radar. The final goal of this study is to identify which activities motivate a Tampa Bay resident to view weather radar. Data were collected using an online survey instrument. This study finds that survey respondents in the Tampa Bay area frequently view a weather radar display and find it to be a very useful tool. Respondents who reported greater accuracy for the location of precipitation on a radar display were more likely to rate the radar display as being more useful. The majority of respondents indicate they use a smartphone device to view radar most often and that participating in outdoor activities was an important motivator for using radar.
Novel Bi2O2CO3/polypyrrole/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with efficient photocatalytic and nonlinear optical properties

Semiconductor nanostructures perform wide applications in light-driven physical and chemical processes; in particular, nanomaterials based on Bi2O2CO3 with tunable photophysical properties have attracted intense interest. However, the nonlinear optical properties and photocatalytic performances of the ternary system Bi2O2CO3/polypyrrole/g-C3N4 have not been reported. In this paper, a series of novel Bi2O2CO3/polypyrrole/g-C3N4 nanocomposites loaded with different g-C3N4 contents was prepared to maximize the photocatalytic activity and optical nonlinearity. The structure, composition and morphology of the as-prepared samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The wide absorption of the samples in the visible light region makes them suitable for photocatalytic and nonlinear transmission studies. Their photocatalytic performances were evaluated by degradation of rhodamine B. The associated photocatalytic activity of Bi2O2CO3/polypyrrole/g-C3N4 nanocomposites is shown to be dependent on the g-C3N4 loading. Compared to Bi2O2CO3, PPy, g-C3N4, BP and B/C0.5, the BP/C0.5 composite with 0.5 wt% g-C3N4 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated by open-aperture Z-scan measurements at 532 nm with 4 ns laser pulses. The results demonstrated that the BP/C0.5 composite exhibited improved properties for photocatalysis and optical nonlinearity, which is ascribed to a combination of mechanisms.
Explainable anomaly detection for procurement fraud identification - lessons from practical deployments

This article reports on results of our work to construct a system for detection of fraudulent behaviour in procurement transactions. To solve the problem, we model different types of fraud via separate statistical indicators. We propose a formalised framework to describe the severity of fraud in a uniﬁed way regardless of underlying fraud mechanics. Subsequently, we leverage this concept to build indicator ensembles which collect evidence from multiple indicators and deliver an interpretable per transaction score to the procurement audit ofﬁcer. As a case study, we overview 48 of such fraud indicators constructed for our client and describe two examples in detail showing how our formal deﬁnitions can be transformed into a practical implementation. The presented results include experiments with all indicators on data covering four years of procurement activity with approximately 216,000 transactions coming from a large government organisation in Singapore. The ﬁnal evaluation of our system shows 67.1% precision in detecting suspicious transactions. The article describes how outcome of our work helped to effectively cope with problem of anomaly detection explainability and the lessons learned from integrating this solution to operational practices of a procurement
Chick quality: an overview of measurement techniques and influencing factors

SUMMARY The production quantity of poultry products is increasing in the world economy with every passing day. The increase in chick quality is synonymous with the increase in the number of saleable chicks in terms of the poultry industry. In addition, in order to obtain high-quality products, one should start production with high-quality chicks as well as providing the ideal environmental conditions starting from the first day of incubation. The additive gene effects on chick quality are very low, whereas environmental factors have a large effect. Environmental factors affecting chick quality can be classified as egg storage period and conditions, age and genotype of breeder flock, incubation conditions, incubation types and post-hatch handling. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to determine chick quality. The quantitative methods employed include such morphological measurements as chick weight, chick length, leg length, chest circumference, and the diameter of shank. The qualitative methods used to determine chick quality are visual assessment-based methods which are called the Pasgar score and the Tona score. In recent years, the Tona and Pasgar methods have been used frequently in studies carried out with respect to measuring the effects of various environmental practices on chick quality. This paper aims to review the studies carried out concerning chick quality, the factors influencing chick quality, and the determination of chick quality and makes some suggestions for future studies to be conducted on chick quality assessment.
Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products ― the Victorian experience

Une enquete a ete realisee sur des produits laitiers et des industries laitieres de cette region. Listeria monocytogenes a ete mis en evidence dans differents fromage et des laits pasteurises. Les essais sur les installations ont permis de mettre en evidence differents types de Listeria
Collision between Two Pandemics: Obesity and COVID-19 Viral Infection

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) The principal risk factor for the development of serious forms of COVID-19 was found to be the precarious metabolic health There are several mechanisms that are implicated in the seriousness of COVID-19 ranging from attenuation of immune system function to chronic inflammation It is important to keep in mind that obesity is a complex disease when discussing the relation between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 An increasing body of proof links obesity to COVID-19 Obesity has an obvious role in the high incidence, symptoms severity and mortality rates of viral infections seen in obese patients Adipose tissue shows a high expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, so obese population exhibit higher vulnerability to COVID-19 The primary immune response is offered mainly by type-I interferon (IFN-I) that is suppressed in COVID-19 The pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity produces imbalance of the inflammatory response to COVID-19, as the cytokine storm found in subjects with serious disease form Obesity is considered as chronic inflammation of low degree, so it shows a capacity for pathogenic immune amplification In this review, the effect of obesity on the immune system is described The authors described the dysfunctional immune responses caused by obesity that lead to organ injury in COVID-19 infection and impair the ability of patient to combat the virus Further research is required to assess the impact of obesity control, immunonutrition and physical exercise in SARS-CoV-2 infection
The use of radar and optical satellite imagery combined with advanced machine learning and metaheuristic optimization techniques to detect and quantify above ground biomass of intertidal seagrass in a New Zealand estuary

ABSTRACT Seagrass provides numerous valuable ecosystem services across a wide range of climatic regions. However, in terms of area and habitat, this resource is in decline globally and there is an urgent need for accurate mapping of extant meadows and biomass to support sustainable seagrass blue carbon conservation and management. This study develops a novel method for a binary mapping of seagrass distribution and estimating seagrass above-ground biomass (AGB) by applying a suite of advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms combined with and without a metaheuristic optimization approach (particle swarm optimization – PSO) to various combinations of multispectral (Sentinel-2) and synthetic aperture radar (Sentinel-1) remote sensing data. Our results reveal that the Sentinel-1 data has potential for the binary mapping of seagrass meadows using an extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model (scores of precision (P) = 0.82, recall (R) = 0.90, and F 1 = 0.86) but is less effective at estimating AGB. The optimal method for estimation of AGB used both Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery, the XGB model, and PSO optimization (coefficient of determination (R 2) = 0.75, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.35, Akaike information criteria (AIC) = 24.80, Bayesian information criteria (BIC) = 44.70). Our findings contribute novel and advanced methods for seagrass detection and improvement of AGB estimation, which are fast and reliable, use open-source data and software and should be easily applicable to intertidal zones across many regions of the world.
Model-Based Microbiome Data Ordination: A Variational Approximation Approach

Abstract The coevolution between human and bacteria colonizing the human body has profound implications for heath and development, with a growing body of evidence linking the altered microbiome composition with a wide array of disease states. Yet dimension reduction and visualization analysis of microbiome data are still in their infancy and many challenges exist. In this article, we introduce a general framework, zero-inflated probabilistic principal component analysis (ZIPPCA), for dimension reduction and data ordination of multivariate abundance data, and propose an efficient variational approximation method for estimation, inference, and prediction. Extensive simulations show that the proposed method outperforms algorithm-based methods and compares favorably with existing model-based methods. We further apply our method to a gut microbiome dataset for visualization analysis of community composition across age and geography. The method is implemented in R and available at https://github.com/YanyZeng/ZIPPCA.
The Bird's Head Seascape Marine Protected Area network—Preventing biodiversity and ecosystem service loss amidst rapid change in Papua, Indonesia

The Bird's Head Seascape (BHS), Papua, Indonesia is located within the epicenter of global marine biodiversity and has been the focus of recent conservation efforts to protect marine resources. Here, we provide an overview of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) progress in the BHS over the past decade, including establishment history, changes in management effectiveness and ecosystem health, as well as examining trends in tourism growth. While generally viewed as a conservation success story, we reflect on both successes and challenges in the BHS, identifying where we need to continue to improve and adapt in response to rapid economic and environmental change. As of 2020, BHS MPAs cover 5.1 million ha across 23 MPAs. As expected, management effectiveness is steadily increasing in BHS MPAs—although newer MPAs face substantial capacity gaps. Tourism is rapidly growing—with an almost 3,000% increase in tourist visits between 2007 and 2018. Overall, hard coral cover in monitored BHS MPAs remained stable at 33% from 2010 to 2019, although trends in reef fish biomass were more variable. Given continued conservation challenges in the region, BHS MPAs are successfully preventing biodiversity loss while providing ecosystem services for local communities.
The nature of water in hydrous silica

The nature of water in hydrous silica has been investigated by measuring the hydrogen isotopic composition of successive increments of water evolved under vacuum during heating of the silica to 1000°C. Water increments evolved from Monterey diatomite are progressively enriched in deuterium up to 87°C, behaving isotopically like free, structurally nonessential water subjected to distillation. Between 87° and 218°C successive water increments have constant δD values, suggesting a bound water component. Above 218°C water with relatively lower δD values is outgassed, and this water is interpreted as hydroxyl. Isotope exchange experiments at 25°C and 100°C in which the silica is exposed to D enriched water and analyzed as above suggest at least 5 types of water in Monterey diatomite. (1) At least 2 wt. % water occurs as adsorbed or mechanically trapped H_2O which cannot be completely pumped away at 25°C and exchanges readily with D-enriched water. (2) Approximately 3.6 wt. % occurs as H_2O in sites protected from interaction with external water at 23°C, but exchanges isotopically at 100°C. (3) Approximately 0.2 wt. % occurs as surface hydroxyls which exchange at 23°C. (4) Approximately 1.3 wt. % occurs as nonsurface hydroxyls which exchange at l00°C. (5) Approximately 0.9 wt. % water exists as nonsurface hydroxyls which exchange slowly, if at all, with waters external to the silica. The nonessential and easily exchangeable water fraction of diatomite cannot be readily separated from other water in the silica. However, water evolved above 700°C may be derived from hydroxyl groups which have preserved a geologically useful isotopic record. Applications of this analytical procedure to other hydrous minerals may help to refine the stoichiometry of various water components in these minerals.
Understanding the Adoption of Incentivized Word-of-Mouth in the Online Environment

Nowadays, word-of-mouth is a very important component of e-commerce activity because consumers are very sensitive to other people’s opinions. Depending on the companies’ politics, these opinions can be incentivized or non-incentivized. One of the major dilemmas consists in establishing which kind of word-of-mouth has more influence on customers’ perceptions. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationships between perceived argument quality (PAQ) and perceived source expertise (PSE), on the one hand, and electronic word-of-mouth adoption intention on the other hand, for an incentivized message compared to a non-incentivized message. We processed answers from two different random groups by using adapted PAQ and PSE inventories of questions. The constructs, latent variables and items were analyzed in IBM Amos software, and our findings confirm the hypotheses regarding the relationship between the attributes of the message (argument quality and source expertise) and message credibility. Additionally, we found a significant positive relationship between message credibility and electronic word-of-mouth adoption intention. Our research also explores the moderating role of the message type (incentivized vs. non-incentivized) in the relationships above, and we discovered that the message type significantly moderates the relationship between perceived argument quality and credibility, but the type of message does not moderate the relationship between message credibility and eWOM adoption intention.
Special Issue on “Sports Performance and Health”

4.0/). 1 Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 8008 Zurich, Slovenia 2 Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, SE-83140 Östersund, Sweden 3 Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; joerg.spoerri@balgrist.ch 4 University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland * Correspondence: matej.supej@fsp.uni-lj.si; Tel. : +386-1-5207-762
Motivations and Constraints of Collaborative Consumption, Testing the Mediating Role of Attitude and nature of Trust

Purpose: The current study aims to analyse the relationship among motivation, constraints and intention to participate in collaborative consumption, with attitude acting as a mediating variable. The study also aims to unravel the role of trust dimension within the context of collaborative consumption. Research methodology: The descriptive research design is applied for the present study. Random sampling techniques including area sampling is applied. Data analysis: Linear regression, approach is applied to analyse the data. Hierarchical multiple regression is used to assess the effects of a moderating variable. Findings: Economic concerns are less important as compared to environmental concerns. Materialistic traits of consumers prevent them from participating in collaborative consumption, and perceived risk also acts as a barrier. Attitude has a very important role in collaborative consumption. Institution-based trust is an impactful independent variable but shows no moderating impact. Implications: Marketers can increase the economic benefits of consumers through discount and loyalty cards. Because environmental concerns have a huge impact on attitude and intention, marketers must emphasize on the sustainability aspect of their offerings. For millennials, the most valuable things in life are the lived experiences instead of possessions (Morgan, 2019). Therefore, marketers must leverage on consumer experiences rather than goods. Most importantly, marketers need to focus on the attitude factor. Moreover, the companies must emphasize on the security of the Internet and must explicitly mention the structural and technological safeguards for promoting trust among consumers. The digital platforms can incorporate various measures that can help in promoting privacy and security of the consumers. Areas such as authentication, encryption and integrity need to be given more attention. Originality/value: The study has filled the gap in the existing literature by examining the mediating role of attitude on the relationship of motivations and constraints and behavioural intentions. The study has also contributed by exploring institution-based trust in collaborative consumption.