Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aflatoxin and kwashiorkor

Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. Lancet. 1999;353:773–80 5. Saba J, et al. 6th Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunisti c Infections. Chicago, Feb. 1999 6. Moodley D. XIII AIDS Conference , July 2000, Durban, S Africa (LbOr2) JP Dovie Akue, P Babaki, F Barré-Sinoussi, N Charpak, G de Thé, M Ferreira Rea, C Huraux, B Ndiaye, H Pratomo, NM Samuel, C Wilfert, R Zetterström. Correspondenc e to: Catherine Wilfert, Duke University Medical Ctr Durham, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation , Chapel Hill, NC 27710, USA (E-mail: wilfert@mindspring.com)
Effect of latency time in high frequencies on sound localization

Tactical military headsets allow hearing protection and communication between soldiers using surround technology. In this paper, we investigate the effect of latency time between low and high frequencies on the ability of a person to correctly identify an external sound source direction with tactical military headsets. The latency time between low and high frequencies results from a digital processing unit. Low frequencies from an external sound source are not processed; therefore, they are received in the ear canal before the digitally processed higher frequencies. Two experiments were conducted using non-individualized Head Related Transfer Function and headphones for trained and untrained volunteers. The experiments were done for two types of sources: human speech and white Gaussian noise, and were performed with latency times of zero, 20msec, and 40msec applied to frequencies below 20Hz. The experimental results show that the errors in sound localization accuracy in both experiments are fewer for signals without latency time, compared to processed signals with latency times between low and high frequencies.
Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers 1955.

Sixty-one cases of lung cancer have been recorded in persons with asbestosis (Boemke, 1953; Hueper, 1952) since Lynch and Smith (1935) reported the first case. In view of the infrequency of asbestosis, this large number of cases suggests-but does not prove-that lung cancer is an occupational hazard of asbestos workers. The strongest evidence that it may be a hazard has been produced by Merewether and by Gloyne. Merewether (1949) found that lung cancer was reported at necropsy in 13.2% of cases of asbestosis (31 out of 235) but in only 1.3% of cases of silicosis (91 out of 6,884) and Gloyne (1951), on personal examination, found lung cancer in 14.1% of necropsies on subjects with asbestosis (17 out of 121) against 6 9% in silicotics (55 out of 796). Neither author gave full details of the sex composition of the groups examined, but since women form a higher proportion of asbestos workers than of persons employed in occupations liable to give rise to silicosis (coal-miners, stonemasons, pottery workers, foundrymen, metal grinders) and since lung cancer is less common among women, the differences in the proportions of cancer cases cannot be accounted for by differences in sex distribution. In fact the proportions which are more properly comparable with the findings in silicotic subjects are the proportions of lung cancer found among men with asbestosis, 17 2% in Merewether's series and 19.6% in Gloyne's. Animal experiments are inconclusive. A positive result was reported by Nordmann and Sorge (1941) who found that of 10 mice which had been exposed to asbestos dust and survived for 240 days, two developed lung carcinoma. Smith (1952), however, considers that one of the " carcinomas " was, in fact, an example of squamous metaplasia and that the other, an adenocarcinoma, may have developed spontaneously from the common mouse adenoma. A negative result has been reported by Vorwald and Karr (1938). The majority of workers (cited by 8: Hueper, 1952) consider that a causal relationship between asbestosis and lung cancer is either proved or is highly probable and the reality of the relationship was agreed at the recent International Symposium on the Endemiology of Lung Cancer (Council of the International Organizations of Medical Sciences, 1953). A minority, however, remains sceptical (Cartier, 1952; Warren, 1948), and, according to Hueper (1952), Lanza and Vorwald, so that it was thought desirable to undertake a fresh investigation.
ditorial rom biochemical pathways to the agro-ecological scale : Carbon apture in a changing climate

Anthropogenic climate change on Earth has emerged as one of he defining problems of our time. It is a systemic phenomenon, nvolving biogeochemical changes occurring on continental, atmopheric, and oceanic scales, and affecting most (if not all) life n earth. It has begun to alter the distribution of species (e.g., anDerWal et al., 2013), due to radical changes in the availability of ife’s most fundamental requirements, nutrients and energy, while uperimposing new stresses on organisms, including elevated temeratures and an increased frequency of extreme weather events Stott, 2016). In addition, there is now a consensus that under lobal change conditions, water use efficiency in higher plants will lay a crucial role in natural ecosystems as well as in agriculture. owever, water use efficiency is the result of a very complex reglation of many processes including leaf development (stomatal ensity), stomatal opening dynamics, water uptake and translocaion, and efficiency of carboxylation reactions in photosynthetically ctive cells. The list of plant responses to changes in environmental arameters due to global change can be far more extended. Therefore, an intensive discussion about how global change will mpair food security is currently underway (Myers et al., 2014). ecent studies show that the hope that increased [CO2] in the atmophere will drastically stimulate plant growth is far too optimistic. n C4 plants, the higher risk of drought during the vegetation period ay potentially overcompensate the CO2 fertilization effect, while ncreased dark respiration under higher temperatures is expected o reduce net photosynthesis in both C3 and C4 plants. Markelz et al. 2011) demonstrated that elevated CO2 altered plant respiration nd N demand and metabolism, giving evidence that not only phoosynthesis but many other processes are targets of rising [CO2]. As lobal change proceeds, we will need a better understanding from he molecular level to the whole plant, and even plant communiies, to assess the risk of reduced primary production under global hange conditions in terrestrial as well aquatic environments. In this Special issue of Journal of Plant Physiology, the conceptual ichness of the subject of plants facing climate change can be seen in he variety of articles presented, and in the many levels of biological rganization represented. These levels range from the complex operation of individual nzymes and biochemical pathways, such as carbonic anhydrase
Toxicity of naturally occurring Bio-fly and chitosan compounds to control the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)

The efficacy of five compounds of a biopolymer chitosan and Bio-fly (Beauveria bassiana fungus) as biopesticide was evaluated on Ceratitis capitata under laboratory conditions. The inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) as biochemical indicators were also determined in vivo. The results indicated that B. bassiana based Bio-fly exhibited significant toxicity against C. capitata (LC50 = 3008 and 3126 mg/L after 48 h in females and males, respectively) followed by the derivatives of chitosan, N-(4-propylbenzyl)chitosan and N-(2-nitrobenzyl)chitosan. Bio-fly displayed remarkable inhibition of AChE activity (IC50 = 2220 mg/L) while N-(2-chloro,6-flourobenzyl)chitosan, N-(4-propylbenzyl)chitosan and N-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl) chitosan had no significant difference in inhibitory action. In adult males, N-(2-nitrobenzyl)chitosan exhibited the highest inhibitory action (IC50 = 6569 mg/L). In addition, the toxic effects of the tested compounds on the activity of ATPase indicated that highly significant inhibition was found with N-(4-propylbenzyl)chitosan with an IC50 of 8194 and 8035 mg/L, in females and males, respectively.
Redox cycling and kinetic analysis of single molecules of solution-phase nitrite reductase

Single-molecule measurements are a valuable tool for revealing details of enzyme mechanisms by enabling observation of unsynchronized behavior. However, this approach often requires immobilizing the enzyme on a substrate, a process which may alter enzyme behavior. We apply a microfluidic trapping device to allow, for the first time, prolonged solution-phase measurement of single enzymes in solution. Individual redox events are observed for single molecules of a blue nitrite reductase and are used to extract the microscopic kinetic parameters of the proposed catalytic cycle. Changes in parameters as a function of substrate concentration are consistent with a random sequential substrate binding mechanism.
deepCybErNet at EmoInt-2017: Deep Emotion Intensities in Tweets

This working note presents the methodology used in deepCybErNet submission to the shared task on Emotion Intensities in Tweets (EmoInt) WASSA-2017. The goal of the task is to predict a real valued score in the range [0-1] for a particular tweet with an emotion type. To do this, we used Bag-of-Words and embedding based on recurrent network architecture. We have developed two systems and experiments are conducted on the Emotion Intensity shared Task 1 data base at WASSA-2017. A system which uses word embedding based on recurrent network architecture has achieved highest 5 fold cross-validation accuracy. This has used embedding with recurrent network to extract optimal features at tweet level and logistic regression for prediction. These methods are highly language independent and experimental results shows that the proposed methods are apt for predicting a real valued score in than range [0-1] for a given tweet with its emotion type.
Area Sensitivity in North American Grassland Birds: Patterns and Processes

Grassland birds have declined more than other bird groups in North America in the past 35–40 years (Vickery and Herkert 2001, Sauer et al. 2008), prompting a wide variety of research aimed at understanding these declines, as well as conservation programs trying to reverse the declines (Askins et al. 2007). Area sensitivity, whereby the pattern of a species’ occurrence and density increases with patch area (Robbins et al. 1989), has been invoked as an important issue in grassland-bird conservation, and understanding the processes that drive area sensitivity in grassland birds is a major conservation need (Vickery and Herkert 2001). Here, we review the literature on North American grassland bird species that is relevant to the following questions. (1) What is the
A New Coupled-Inductor Structure for Interleaving Bidirectional DC-DC Converters

A new E? -shape coupled inductor structure and its magnetic circuit models are presented. The proposed E? -shape coupled inductor structure retains the advantages of high power density and tackles the drawback of high air-gap fringing flux losses in conventional E-shape coupled inductor structure. Besides, the proposed E-shape structure gives the advantages of shorter winding length and more uniform thermal distribution compared with the conventional E-shape structure. The proposed E-shape structure and its magnetic models are successfully simulated by ANSYS and Maxwell 2-D, and implemented to apply to interleaving bidirectional dc/dc converters. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed E? -shape structure of coupled inductors is superior to the same volume E? -shape structure of coupled inductors in terms of temperature, inductance, losses, inductor ripple currents, and efficiencies. The theoretical prediction and experimental results are in good agreement.
Biochemical and cytotoxic characteristics of an in vivo circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL-).

Using ion exchange high pressure liquid chromatography, total plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) from 30 hypercholesterolemic and 10 normocholesterolemic cynomolgus monkeys was subfractionated into unmodified LDL (n-LDL) and more negatively charged LDL (LDL-). In hypercholesterolemic monkeys, the absolute LDL-cholesterol level was 16.54 +/- 2.82 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) whereas in normocholesterolemic monkeys it was 2.39 +/- 0.12 mg/dl (P < 0.0001); the percentage of LDL- was 5.2 +/- 0.71% and 4.9 +/- 0.19% of the total LDL for hypercholesterolemic versus normocholesterolemic monkeys, respectively. LDL- averaged 5% and n-LDL 95% of the total plasma LDL cholesterol. To confirm and further elucidate the oxidative nature of LDL-, cholesterol and cholesterol oxide contents of LDL- and n-LDL were determined by capillary gas chromatography; 53.98 +/- 2.24% (mean +/- SE) of the LDL- cholesterol was oxidized whereas in n-LDL only 10.70 +/- 1.06% of the cholesterol was oxidized (P < 0.00001). The spectrum of oxysterols identified, which was similar for LDL- and n-LDL, suggested a free radical-mediated process for cholesterol oxidation. The principal oxysterols identified were: cholest-5-ene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol, cholesta-3,5-diene-7-one, cholest-5-ene-3 beta, 7 beta-diol, 5,6 beta-epoxy-5 beta-cholestan-3 beta-ol, 5,6 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol, 5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta,5,6 beta-triol, 3 beta-hydroxycholest-5-ene-7-one, and cholest-5-ene-3 beta,25-diol. To model one of the steps in the possible mechanism of atherogenesis, the cytotoxicity of LDL- was demonstrated to be greater against subconfluent than confluent aortic endothelial cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fully Discrete Approximation of Parametric and Stochastic Elliptic PDEs

It has recently been demonstrated that locality of spatial supports in the parametrization of coefficients in elliptic PDEs can lead to improved convergence rates of sparse polynomial expansions of the corresponding parameter-dependent solutions. These results by themselves do not yield practically realizable approximations, since they do not cover the approximation of the arising expansion coefficients, which are functions of the spatial variable. In this work, we study the combined spatial and parametric approximability for elliptic PDEs with affine or lognormal parametrizations of the diffusion coefficients and corresponding Taylor, Jacobi, and Hermite expansions, to obtain fully discrete approximations. Our analysis yields convergence rates of the fully discrete approximation in terms of the total number of degrees of freedom. The main vehicle consists of $\ell^p$ summability results for the coefficient sequences measured in higher-order Hilbertian Sobolev norms. We also discuss similar results for no.
La sécurisation foncière en Afrique. Pour une gestion viable des ressources renouvelables

Plus d'un siecle apres l'introduction coloniale de la procedure de l'immatriculation fonciere en Afrique, la propriete privee de la terre y reste l'exception. Alors que les proces de production sont de plus en plus largement soumis aux lois du marche, la terre n'est pas un bien librement echangeable et sa " marchandisation " reste sinon nulle, au moins superficielle et imparfaite. Cette nouvelle edition de la securisation en Afrique reprend l'edition de 1996, mais enrichie d'un dossier d'actualisation qui, dans le cadre d'un " retour sur experiences ", met en evidence la place renouvelee des communs. Le lecteur y retrouvera des problematiques qui sont maintenant devenues des voies usuellement parcourues par les observateurs du foncier. Le cadre novateur de cet ouvrage est constitue par la theorie des maitrises foncieres, laquelle permet de penser la propriete selon les exigences contemporaines de la pluralite des droits et des acteurs sur des espaces-ressources aux configurations variables suivant le mode concret de leurs utilisations. Plutot que d'envisager la generalisation de la propriete privee des terres et des ressources comme la seule solution au mal-developpement, a l'insecurite et a la degradation des ressources naturelles, cet ouvrage explore les voies d'une securisation fonciere d'acteurs composant en permanence des solutions opportunes, associant les pratiques coutumieres d'acces et d'usage et les formes " modernes " d'inscription des droits dans des cadastres et des registres fonciers. S'y ajoute la reconnaissance des forums fonciers, destinee a donner autorite, legitimite et efficacite aux nouveaux modes de gestion qui s'inventent et evoluent avec les transformations des mondes ruraux. La combinaison de modes de gestion inclusifs et exclusifs des espaces­ ressource pour la constitution de nouveaux " communs " constitue un des defis contemporains de la securisation fonciere auxquels cet ouvrage tente d'apporter les premieres reponses. (Resume d'auteur)
Prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in Thailand: a review.

BACKGROUND Obesity in children and adolescents is a major public health problem in many countries including Thailand However the use of different growth references applied to the data could contribute to the difference in magnitude of problem. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among Thai children and adolescents between 1995 and 2012. MATERIAL AND METHOD Relevant published articles and nutrition survey reports were obtained by a systematic search through multiple electronic databases published between 1995 and 2012. RESULTS Of 627 published articles and reports retrieved, six national surveys were examined for the trend of childhood obesity. With the use of Thai growth references, the trends of obesity among preschool, school-age children, and adolescents were found to fluctuate between 1995 and 2009. This might be due to the difference in age categorization and use of dissimilar growth references. The use of the 2000 International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference provided a lower estimate of prevalence of obesity when compared to that from Thai growth reference. However similar fluctuating pattern and trends were observed CONCLUSION A standard protocol using a single set of child growth standard, similar age categorization, obesity indices, and cut-points for defining high-risk children should be applied to track trend of childhood obesity effectively.
Deep Learning-Based Corporate Performance Prediction Model Considering Technical Capability

Many studies have predicted the future performance of companies for the purpose of making investment decisions. Most of these are based on the qualitative judgments of experts in related industries, who consider various financial and firm performance information. With recent developments in data processing technology, studies have started to use machine learning techniques to predict corporate performance. For example, deep neural network-based prediction models are again attracting attention, and are now widely used in constructing prediction and classification models. In this study, we propose a deep neural network-based corporate performance prediction model that uses a company’s financial and patent indicators as predictors. The proposed model includes an unsupervised learning phase and a fine-tuning phase. The learning phase uses a restricted Boltzmann machine. The fine-tuning phase uses a backpropagation algorithm and a relatively up-to-date training data set that reflects the latest trends in the relationship between predictors and corporate performance.
Supporting early oral language skills for English language learners in inner city preschool provision.

BACKGROUND A significant number of children now enter formal education in England with reduced levels of proficiency in oral language. Children who come from disadvantaged backgrounds and who are English language learners (ELL) are at risk of limited oral language skills in English which impacts on later educational achievement. AIMS This paper reports the development of a theoretically motivated oral language intervention, Talking Time, designed to meet the needs of preschool children with poor language skills in typical preschool provision. SAMPLE One hundred and forty-two 4-year-old children attending three inner city preschools in a disadvantaged area of London, England. METHOD This is a quasi-experimental intervention study comparing children exposed to Talking Time with children exposed to a contrast intervention and children receiving the statutory early years curriculum. Measures were taken of both targeted and non-targeted language and cognitive skills. RESULTS Data were analysed for the ELL. The intervention had a significant effect on vocabulary, oral comprehension, and sentence repetition but not narrative skills. As predicted, there were no effects on the skills which were not targeted. CONCLUSIONS Regular evidence-based oral language interactions can make significant improvements in children's oral language. There is a need to examine the efficacy of more intensive interventions to raise language skills to allow learners to access the curriculum.
A study on perceptual training of Japanese CSL learners to discriminate Mandarin lexical tones

In process of learning Chinese as a second language (CSL), Japanese natives have difficulties in tone perception. Among the four Chinese lexical tones, the tone pairs Tone 1-Tone 2 and Tone 1-Tone 4 are problematic for Japanese CSL beginners. In order to help them develop efficiently discriminating capability of the tone pairs, we designed a hybrid perceptual training scheme which combined adaptive training and high variability phonetic training. In the experiment, 16 Japanese, divided into 2 groups (8 for control group and 8 for trained group), participated in an 8-day experiment, with one hour per day. Finally, trained group and control group achieved relative progress rate of 76% and 33%, respectively. (p-value =0.034<0.05). The results demonstrate that the proposal of hybrid perceptual training significantly helped the Japanese participants improve the ability to discriminate the tone pairs.
The Electroretinogram and Neuropsychological Functioning in Cocaine Addicts

As for the rest of us, the disclosure of such systematic oppression in our early lives might only arouse the moot insight of Molière’s Monsieur Jourdain, who was astounded to discover that he had been speaking prose all his life. References 1. de Mause L, editor. The history of childhood. New York: Psychohistory Press; 1974. 2. Miller A. For your own good. New York: The Noonday Press; 1990. 3. Finkelhor D. Sexually victimized children. New York: Free Press; 1979.
Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro

Murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) have been studied in tissue culture and compared to spleen dendritic cells (DC). LC comprised 3% of the starting cell suspensions and were distinguished from keratinocytes by cytology and reactivity with anti-Ia and anti-Mac-1 monoclonal antibodies. The LC were nonadherent, had a low buoyant density, did not proliferate, and could be enriched to 10-50% purity. LC continued to exhibit Ia and Mac-1 antigens for 4 d in culture. However, LC rapidly lost Birbeck granules, Fc receptors, F4/80 antigen, and cytochemical reactivity for nonspecific esterase and membrane ATPase. As a result, the ultrastructure and phenotype of cultured LC became remarkably similar to lymphoid DC. Stimulatory capacity for T cell proliferative responses (oxidative mitogenesis and the mixed leukocyte reaction) was monitored daily. Initially, stimulatory capacity was very weak, even though LC expressed substantial levels of Ia antigens. After 2-3 d in culture, LC had become 3-10 times more potent than spleen DC. 30 LC could induce significant responses in cultures of 3 X 10(5) responding T cells. Removal of Ia+ LC at the start of culture ablated the development of stimulatory activity, but exposure to 1,500 rad of ionizing irradiation did not. Mixing experiments showed that contaminating Ia- epidermal cells did not alter the function of Ia+ stimulators. Therefore, LC seem to be immunologically immature, but acquire many of the features of spleen DC during culture. We suggest that functioning lymphoid DC may, in general, be derived from less mature precursors located in nonlymphoid tissues.