Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus vaccine and cervical cancer prevention: practice and policy implications for pharmacists.

OBJECTIVES To review the epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV), summarize relevant clinical trials of the prophylactic HPV vaccines, and describe the practice and policy implications that HPV vaccine represents for pharmacists. DATA SOURCES Search of Medline through June 2007 using keywords human papillomavirus vaccine, Gardasil, and Cervarix; meeting abstracts; bibliographies from selected articles; and National Institutes of Health clinical trials registry. STUDY SELECTION English language review articles, clinical trials, and published abstracts were considered for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that is necessary for the development of cervical cancer, and types 16 and 18 are associated with 70% of cases of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. A quadrivalent prophylactic vaccine against HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 is currently available, and a bivalent vaccine targeting HPV-16 and -18 is under review by the Food and Drug Administration. Both are highly effective at preventing persistent HPV infection and precancerous lesions caused by vaccine-specific HPV. HPV vaccine is currently indicated for girls aged 9 to 26 years, but ongoing trials are evaluating the efficacy in other populations. Implementation of a vaccine administration program is an area of opportunity for new policies to include pharmacists in the administration of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Pharmacists are allowed to administer vaccinations in 46 states and can potentially play a role in HPV vaccine administration. For this to happen, however, multiple legal and regulatory changes must occur. CONCLUSION Prophylactic HPV vaccines safely and effectively prevent HPV infection and precancerous lesions in the cervix. The availability of these vaccines also create new clinical opportunities for community pharmacists, provided needed legal, regulatory, and policy changes are made.
Relationship of Lumbar Strength in Shipyard Workers to Workplace Injury Claims

Study Design Strength testing of lumbar extensors of shipyard workers without back injury claims was accomplished to compare isolated lumbar strength with the severity of their workplace physical demands and the incidence of workplace back injury during a 2‐year period. Objectives To determine if strength is a predictor of workplace injury and if there is a relationship between the physical demands of the job and strength. Summary of Background Data The role of preplacement strength testing has not been clarified as a potential means for predicting workplace injury. It has not been clarified whether work activity affects the strength of the worker. Methods One hundred fifty‐two shipyard workers were strength tested for isometric lumbar extensor strength. They had been classified as to the severity of their job demands according to the Physical Demand Characteristics. All workers at this industry were likewise classified. Those workers who were tested were followed for 2 years to evaluate for claims of back injury. Results There was a higher incidence of low back injuries in the heavy and very heavy classification. There was, however, no difference in strength among those workers classified in medium, heavy, and very heavy work. Nine percent of those workers tested had back pains during the following 2 years. All but two had higher‐than‐average strength. Conclusions There is no evidence that preplacement back strength testing would predict workplace claims of injury.
Logic Traps in Evaluating Attribution Scores

Modern deep learning models are notoriously opaque, which has motivated the development of methods for interpreting how deep models predict.This goal is usually approached with attribution method, which assesses the influence of features on model predictions. As an explanation method, the evaluation criteria of attribution methods is how accurately it reflects the actual reasoning process of the model (faithfulness). Meanwhile, since the reasoning process of deep models is inaccessible, researchers design various evaluation methods to demonstrate their arguments.However, some crucial logic traps in these evaluation methods are ignored in most works, causing inaccurate evaluation and unfair comparison.This paper systematically reviews existing methods for evaluating attribution scores and summarizes the logic traps in these methods.We further conduct experiments to demonstrate the existence of each logic trap.Through both theoretical and experimental analysis, we hope to increase attention on the inaccurate evaluation of attribution scores. Moreover, with this paper, we suggest stopping focusing on improving performance under unreliable evaluation systems and starting efforts on reducing the impact of proposed logic traps.
An Edge Detection Method Based on Adjacent Dispersion

Edge detection is a vital part in image segmentation. In this paper, a novel method based on adjacent dispersion for edge detection is proposed. This method utilizes adjacent dispersion to detect edges, avoiding thresholds selection, anisotropy in convolution computation and discontinuity in edges, and it is composed of two modules, namely the dispersion operator and the refinement. The dispersion is to obtain a matrix of discrete coefficient of a gray level image and the refinement is to thin edges to one-pixel-point and ensure it logically continuous. The performance of the proposed edge detector is evaluated on different test images and compared with popular edge detectors, Canny and Sobel. Experiment results indicate that the proposed method performs well without thresholds and offers superior performance in continuity in edge detection in digital images.
Simulation des Systèmes d'Information des Smart Grids : une approche par points de vue

We propose to simulate the Information Systems of Smart Grids to validate / criticize the modeling choices of domain experts. We propose a viewpoint based approach regarding two aspects : information and dynamics. We add an integration viewpoint to maintain consistency and we use Model Driven Engineering techniques. Finally, we experience our approach on a Smart Grid use case. MOTS-CLES : Simulation, Ingenierie Dirigee par les Modeles, Smart Grid, Systeme d’Information
Mettre les expressions multi-mots au coeur de l'analyse automatique de textes : sur l'exploitation de ressources symboliques externes

Dans ce memoire, nous nous attachons a retracer les differents travaux de recherche que nous avons menes depuis plus de 10 ans. L'un de nos objectifs principaux a ete d'ameliorer la finesse linguistique de differentes tâches du TAL en prenant en compte les expressions multi-mots. En particulier, notre idee directrice a ete d'exploiter des ressources lexicales riches et de les coupler a differents modeles probabilistes ou differentes procedures hybrides. Nos travaux peuvent se decouper en trois axes. Le premier axe porte sur l'etiquetage morphosyntaxique et l'analyse syntaxique. L'integration de la reconnaissance des expressions multi-mots dans telles tâches a essentiellement consiste a adapter divers modeles probabilistes dedies a ces tâches. Comme ces expressions sont, par definition, difficilement predictibles, l'exploitation de ressources lexicales est primordiale pour leur reconnaissance. Nous avons donc ete amene a trouver des strategies d'integration de ressources symboliques externes dans nos modeles. Le deuxieme axe consiste a integrer la reconnaissance d'expressions multi-mots dans des applications. Nous avons, en particulier, developpe des applications liees au monde prive (extraction d'informations, classification) ou liees au monde academique (aide a la construction de lexiques bilingues ou a des etudes linguistiques). Dans tous les cas, nous nous sommes base sur des pretraitements fins alimentes par des ressources lexicales riches. Le troisieme axe concerne la construction de ressources linguistiques. En effet, le developpement des outils decrits ci-dessus n'est possible que grâce a l'existence de ressources (corpus annotes ou lexiques). Or, les ressources autour des expressions multi-mots manquent cruellement ou sont incompletes. Pour toutes les ressources developpees, nous avons mene des etudes linguistiques fines et systematiques. Nous avons egalement mis en place un outillage informatique pour les gerer et les appliquer a des textes.
The role of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in transient tachypnea of the newborn.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), also known as wet lung disease, is a common cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. It has been demonstrated that, in alveolar type II cell cultures of the rat, receptors affected by the natriuretic peptides are expressed and that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduced amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport in these cells with a pattern similar to that in renal tubules, thereby inhibiting Na+ re-absorption in a concentration-dependent manner. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is known to act on these receptors and it is suggested that it may be involved in fluid absorption by the lungs. The present study aimed to investigate the role of BNP in the pathogenesis of transient tachypnea of the newborn. PATIENTS AND RESULTS Serum NT-proBNP (N-terminal-proBNP) level measurements of 43 infants diagnosed with transient tachypnea of the newborn were compared to those of 29 healthy neonates. There were no statistically significant differences in NT-proBNP level between the study group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS NT-proBNP has no role in the pathophysiology of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Other factors which may potentially be involved in this etiology should be investigated.
Can Attention Select Only a Fixed Number of Objects at a Time?

Several previous studies have suggested that we may attend only a fixed number of ‘objects’ at a time. However, whereas findings from two-target experiments suggest that we can attend only one object at a time, other results from object-tracking and enumeration paradigms point instead to a four-object limit. Here, we note that in these previous studies the number of objects covaried with the overall size and complexity of the stimulus, such that apparent one-object or four-object limits in those tasks may reflect changes in the complexity of attended stimuli, rather than the number of objects per se. Accordingly, in the current experiments we employ stimuli in which the number of objects varies, while overall size and complexity are held constant. Using these refined measures of object-based effects, we find no evidence for a one-object or four-object limit on attention. Indeed, we conclude that the number of attended objects does not affect how efficiently we can attend a given stimulus. We propose and test an alternative approach to object-based attention limitations based on within-object and between-object feature-binding mechanisms in human vision.
On the Geometry of Concreteness

In this paper we investigate how concreteness and abstractness are represented in word embedding spaces. We use data for English and German, and show that concreteness and abstractness can be determined independently and turn out to be completely opposite directions in the embedding space. Various methods can be used to determine the direction of concreteness, always resulting in roughly the same vector. Though concreteness is a central aspect of the meaning of words and can be detected clearly in embedding spaces, it seems not as easy to subtract or add concreteness to words to obtain other words or word senses like e.g. can be done with a semantic property like gender.
Flooding-X: Improving BERT’s Resistance to Adversarial Attacks via Loss-Restricted Fine-Tuning

Adversarial robustness has attracted much attention recently, and the mainstream solution is adversarial training. However, the tradition of generating adversarial perturbations for each input embedding (in the settings of NLP) scales up the training computational complexity by the number of gradient steps it takes to obtain the adversarial samples. To address this problem, we leverage Flooding method which primarily aims at better generalization and we find promising in defending adversarial attacks. We further propose an effective criterion to bring hyper-parameter-dependent flooding into effect with a narrowed-down search space by measuring how the gradient steps taken within one epoch affect the loss of each batch. Our approach requires zero adversarial sample for training, and its time consumption is equivalent to fine-tuning, which can be 2-15 times faster than standard adversarial training. We experimentally show that our method improves BERT’s resistance to textual adversarial attacks by a large margin, and achieves state-of-the-art robust accuracy on various text classification and GLUE tasks.
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: reflecting on the management of an intensive care unit patient.

AIM The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the management interventions of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and diuretic therapy that were implemented for a patient admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. BACKGROUND Acute pulmonary oedema is a serious and life-threatening complication of acute heart failure, particularly if this results from an ischaemic event. Statistics highlight that of those patients treated for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, approximately only one third were alive after 1 year. Many of these patients will require intensive care management in order to restore homeostasis. It is therefore imperative that nurses understand the condition and the relevant management of it in order to maximize the already poor prognosis. RESULTS Using Driscoll's (2000) reflective model to guide critical thinking, this paper reflects on the management of one patient who was admitted to ICU with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema as a result of heart failure. Although there are many aspects of patient management that can be explored, specific care interventions that this patient received in relation to NIV and diuretic therapy will be considered. The evidence base for their use, together with the relevant nursing management issues, and patient implications will be critically analysed and outlined. CONCLUSIONS This paper identifies that standard therapy for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is largely supportive and aimed at promoting gaseous exchange. It also highlights that nurses have a key role in ensuring that these essential treatments are as efficacious as possible. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE By using a reflective analysis approach, this paper highlights how reflecting on practice improves knowledge and understanding of the use of NIV and diuretic therapy interventions and should facilitate nurses working in ICU to become more competent in ensuring that the treatment provided for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is as successful as possible.
Mutation of Phosphoserine 389 Affects p53 Function in Vivo*

To study the importance of phosphorylation for p53 transactivation function, we generated mutations at each of its known phosphorylated serine amino acids. Mutations of murine p53 serine residues individually to either alanine or glutamic acid at positions 7, 9, 12, 18, 37, 312, and 389 resulted in equivalent levels of transcriptional activation in standard transient transfection experiments. However, when p53 transcriptional activity was measured in cells that attain G1 arrest upon contact inhibition, wild-type p53 was inactive, and only alteration at serine 389 to glutamic acid resulted in a functional p53 protein. This Ser → Glu mutant also has an increased ability to bind DNA. Elimination of the phosphorylation site by substitution of an alanine amino acid resulted in loss of transcriptional activity. We also demonstrated that specific phosphorylation of p53 at serine 389 is induced by cyclin E overexpression in high-density cells. Our data establish for the first time that phosphorylation of p53 at serine 389 is important in activating its function in vivo.
Vaccines for preventing anthrax.

BACKGROUND Anthrax is an acute bacterial skin disease which may be fatal. Three anthrax vaccines are commercially available but their comparative effectiveness and safety is not clear. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of human anthrax vaccines in healthy adults and children. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase and the reference lists of articles. We handsearched the journal Vaccine and contacted researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing anthrax vaccines with placebo, vaccines for other diseases or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial quality assessment and data extraction was conducted independently by the six authors. MAIN RESULTS Two trials involving 16,052 people were included. Both trials had methodological limitations. Compared to placebo, vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of contracting anthrax (relative risk 0.16, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.35). Compared to placebo, the killed vaccine was associated with a higher incidence and severity of adverse effects (odds ratio 5.15, 95% confidence interval 2.28 to 11.61). Just over 5% of participants in the vaccine group reported adverse effects. The effectiveness of the vaccine does not appear to be influenced by the route of inoculation. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Killed anthrax vaccines appear to be effective in reducing the risk of contracting anthrax with a relatively low rate of adverse effects. Further research should be restricted to testing new vaccines only.
SDN: Evolution and Opportunities in the Development IoT Applications

The exponential growth of devices connected to the network has resulted in the development of new IoT applications and on-line services. However, these advances are limited by the rigidity of the current network infrastructure, in which the administrator has to implement high-level network policies adapting and configuring protocols manually and usually through a command line interface (CLI). At this point, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) appears as a viable alternative network architecture that allows for programming the network and opening the possibility of creating new services and more efficient applications to cover the actual requirements. In this paper, we describe this new technology and analyze its opportunities in the development of IoT applications. Similarly, we present the first applications and projects based on this technology. Finally, we discuss the issues and challenges in its implementation.
Impact of IgG Fc‐Oligosaccharides on Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Structure, Stability, Safety, and Efficacy

Glycosylation of the conserved asparagine residue in the CH2 domain is the most common posttranslational modification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Ideally, a consistent oligosaccharide profile should be maintained from early clinical material to commercial material for the development of recombinant monoclonal therapeutics, though variation in the profile is a typical result of process changes. The risk of oligosaccharide variation posed to further development is required to be thoroughly evaluated based on its impact on antibody structure, stability, efficacy and safety. The variation should be controlled within a range so that there is no detrimental impact on safety and efficacy and thus allowing the use of early phase safety and efficacy data to support project advancement to later phase. This review article focuses on the current scientific understanding of the commonly observed oligosaccharides found in recombinant monoclonal antibodies and their impact on structure, stability and biological functions, which are the basis to evaluate safety and efficacy. It also provides a brief discussion on critical quality attribute (CQA) assessment with regard to oligosaccharides based on the mechanism of action (MOA). © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 33:1173–1181, 2017
Aspect Based Opinion Mining and Ranking: Survey

Aspect based opinion mining plays important role for both academic and business perspective. Whenever people wants to take decision they always go for others opinion, now a days it has always been an important that what others thinks, from where they collect important piece of information. (e.g. which car I should buy, which school should I apply to etc.). Now a day's e-commerce sites playing vital role in our life, they are providing products/services online for which they allow us to leave our reviews/opinion on which success of product/services is depends. Reviews usually have an overall rating about product/ service, but most of the times there are sub-texts in the review body that describe certain features of the product/service. These features are also known as aspects. In this paper various techniques and specifications for aspect identifications are provided.
Characterization of 2-hydroxyadenine DNA glycosylase activity of Escherichia coli MutY protein

Purpose : 2-Hydroxyadenine (2-ohA) is an oxidation product of adenine generated in DNA by ionizing radiation and various chemical oxidants. 2-ohA has mutational potential comparable to that of 8-oxoguanine in bacteria and mammalian cells. Recent studies have shown that 2-ohA is removed from DNA by a human MutY homolog, MYH protein, in vitro. On the other hand, the repair mechanisms for 2-ohA in Escherichia coli are not yet understood. Materials and methods : Gel shift assays were used to assess the binding activity of E. coli full-length MutY protein and its N-terminal (residues 1-226) domain (M25) to 2-ohA/G-, 2-ohA/A-, 2-ohA/C- and 2-ohA/T-containing 24-mer oligonucleotides. Furthermore, whether these proteins specifically cleave 2-ohA-containing duplex oligonucleotides was examined. Results : The purified MutY and M25 proteins had similar binding affinities to 2-ohA/G-, 2-ohA/A- and 2-ohA/C-containing oligonucleotides. MutY protein removed 2-ohA preferentially from 2-ohA/G mispairs. M25 protein showed the reduced catalytic activity for 2-ohA/G-containing oligonucleotides. Conclusions : E. coli MutY protein has a DNA glycosylase activity that removes 2-ohA from 2-ohA/G mispairs in DNA. The C-terminal domain is required for the removal of 2-ohA from DNA, but is not crucial for binding to 2-ohA-containing oligonucleotides.
PCR detection of four periodontopathogens from subgingival clinical samples

In this study, A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were identified from subgingival plaque from 50 periodontal patients and 50 healthy subjects. Subgingival clinical samples were collected with sterilized paper points and transported in VMGA III. From all the diluted clinical samples (1:10), DNA was obtained by boiling, and after centrifugation the supernatant was used as template. Specific primers for each bacterial species were used in PCR. PCR amplification was sensitive to identify these organisms. PCR products from each species showed a single band and can be used to identify periodontal organisms from clinical specimens. PCR detection odds ratio values for A. actinomycetemcomitans and B. forsythus were significantly associated with disease showing a higher OR values for B. forsythus (2.97, 95% CI 1.88 – 4.70). These results suggest a strong association among the studied species and the periodontal lesion.