Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of 5-methoxy-2-([4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl) methyl]sulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole (omeprazole).

C17H19N3O3S, Mr = 345.42, triclinic, P1, a = 10.686 (5), b = 10.608 (7), c = 9.666 (6) A, alpha = 119.75 (5), beta = 112.02 (5), gamma = 68.33 (4) degrees, V = 859 (1) A3, Z = 2, Dm = 1.332 (2), Dx = 1.335 g cm-3, Cu K alpha, lambda = 1.5418 A, mu = 18.04 cm-1, F(000) = 364, T = 293 K, R = 0.057 for 1962 observed reflections. The methylsulfinyl group, which adopts a trans conformation, links the pyridine and benzimidazole rings in an almost coplanar orientation. Thus the molecule, as a whole, adopts a nearly extended form. Two centrosymmetrically related molecules form a cyclic dimer by intermolecular N-H.O hydrogen bonding, and the dimers are held together by van der Waals contacts between the neighboring aromatic rings in the crystal structure.
Ballistic hole emission microscopy on metal-semiconductor interfaces

The transport of hot holes across metal-semiconductor interfaces is studied using ballistic hole emission microscopy. From the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope nonequilibrium holes are injected into a thin metallic overlayer on a p-type Si semiconductor, inducing a current of holes into the Si valence band. We have studied hole transport across interfaces between p-type Si and different metals (Au, Cu, and Al). It is found that the magnitude of the transmitted hole current depends strongly on the type of metal, the Schottky barrier height, and the energy distribution of the holes. In addition, we show that a significant yet smaller hole current can be induced in the reverse case where the tip is used to inject hot electrons, generating holes during inelastic decay in the metal overlayer. The results are compared to recent results on spin-dependent hole transmission in ferromagnet/p-type semiconductor structures.
Endothelial injury in a transforming growth factor β-dependent mouse model of scleroderma induces pulmonary arterial hypertension.

OBJECTIVE To delineate the constitutive pulmonary vascular phenotype of the TβRIIΔk-fib mouse model of scleroderma, and to selectively induce pulmonary endothelial cell injury using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition to develop a model with features characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS The TβRIIΔk-fib mouse strain expresses a kinase-deficient transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor type II driven by a fibroblast-specific promoter, leading to ligand-dependent up-regulation of TGFβ signaling, and replicates key fibrotic features of scleroderma. Structural, biochemical, and functional assessments of pulmonary vessels, including in vivo hemodynamic studies, were performed before and following VEGF inhibition, which induced pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis. These assessments included biochemical analysis of the TGFβ and VEGF signaling axes in tissue sections and explanted smooth muscle cells. RESULTS In the TβRIIΔk-fib mouse strain, a constitutive pulmonary vasculopathy with medial thickening, a perivascular proliferating chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and mildly elevated pulmonary artery pressure resembled the well-described chronic hypoxia model of pulmonary hypertension. Following administration of SU5416, the pulmonary vascular phenotype was more florid, with pulmonary arteriolar luminal obliteration by apoptosis-resistant proliferating endothelial cells. These changes resulted in right ventricular hypertrophy, confirming hemodynamically significant PAH. Altered expression of TGFβ and VEGF ligand and receptor was consistent with a scleroderma phenotype. CONCLUSION In this study, we replicated key features of systemic sclerosis-related PAH in a mouse model. Our results suggest that pulmonary endothelial cell injury in a genetically susceptible mouse strain triggers this complication and support the underlying role of functional interplay between TGFβ and VEGF, which provides insight into the pathogenesis of this disease.
"Through the Looking Glass": Divine Madness in the Hindu Religious Tradition

A curious theme pervades Hindu mythology. It is the theme of divine madness. In all three primary mythological traditions, or in the three most significant "accents" within Hindu mythologythe Saivite, Vaisnavite, and Sakta-the gods and goddesses are often called mad or are described or portrayed as acting as if mad. Perhaps not surprisingly madness is also seen to be a typical characteristic of many Hindu saints, while certain cults or sampraddyas seem to inculcate acting as if mad or are typified by mad behavior among their adherents. The purpose of this study is to focus upon the theme of divine madness, in both its mythological and cultic settings, in an attempt to discern what truths this theme reveals about both the Hindu
Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 Expression in Patients With Melanoma and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases and the Association With Disease Outcome

Objective:To determine the role of chemokine receptor (CR) expression in patients with melanoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. Summary Background Data:Murine and in vitro models have identified CR as potential factors in organ-specific metastasis of multiple cancers. Chemokines via their respective receptors have been shown to promote cell migration to distant organs. Methods:Patients who underwent hepatic surgery for melanoma or CRC liver metastases were assessed. Screening cDNA microarrays of melanoma/CRC cell lines and tumor specimens were analyzed to identify CR. Microarray data were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT) in paraffin-embedded liver metastases. Migration assays and immunohistochemistry were performed to verify CR function and confirm CR expression, respectively. Results:Microarray analysis identified CXCR4 as the most common CR expressed by both cancers. qRT demonstrated CXCR4 expression in 24 of 27 (89%) melanoma and 28 of 29 (97%) CRC liver metastases. In vitro treatment of melanoma or CRC cells with CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4, significantly increased cell migration (P < 0.001). Low versus high CXCR4 expression in CRC liver metastases correlated with a significant difference in overall survival (median 27 months vs. 10 months, respectively; P = 0.036). In melanoma, low versus high CXCR4 expression in liver metastases demonstrated no difference in overall survival (median 11 months vs. 8 months, respectively; P = not significant). Conclusions:CXCR4 is expressed and functional on melanoma and CRC cells. The ligand for CXCR4 is highly expressed in liver and may specifically attract melanoma and CRC CXCR4 (+) cells. Quantitative analysis of CXCR4 gene expression in patients with liver metastases has prognostic significance for disease outcome.
An NFV-Based Video Quality Assessment Method over 5G Small Cell Networks

This article proposes a video quality assessment (VQA) mechanism for next-generation (5G) mobile networks, following the small cell deployment architecture. The proposed method uses the structural similarity (SSIM) index as a reduced reference metric and is suitable for implementation as a virtual network function (VNF) within an IT infrastructure located close to the small cell. It enables the in-service monitoring of the delivered video quality, which is a useful tool for mobile network operators to monitor their customers’ satisfaction. An advantage of the proposed method is that the complex and power-consuming VQA process is performed at the edge of the network, and not at the user equipment itself, thus significantly reducing power consumption. The authors used a small cell experimental testbed to implement and evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can monitor the video quality when the network is degraded.
Early Sport Specialization: Effectiveness and Risk of Injury in Professional Baseball Players

Background: The rate of early sport specialization in professional baseball players is unknown. Purpose: To report the incidence and age of sport specialization in current professional baseball players and the impact of early specialization on the frequency of serious injuries sustained during the players’ careers. We also queried participants about when serious injuries occurred, the players’ current position on the field, and their opinions regarding the need for young athletes to specialize early to play at the professional level. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: A total of 102 current professional baseball players anonymously completed a 7-question written survey. Early sport specialization was defined as “single-sport participation prior to high school. ” Injury was defined as “a serious injury or surgery that required the player to refrain from sports (baseball) for an entire year. ” Chi-square tests were used to investigate the risk of injury in those who specialized early in baseball versus those who did not. Independent-sample t tests were used to compare injury rates based on current player position. Results: Fifty (48%) baseball players specialized early. The mean age at initiation of sport specialization was 8.91 years (SD, 3.7 years). Those who specialized early reported more serious injuries (mean, 0.54; SD, 0.838) during their professional baseball career than those who did not (mean, 0.23; SD, 0.425) (P = .044). Finally, 63.4% of the queried players believed that early sport specialization was not required to play professional baseball. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a statistically significant higher rate of serious injury during a baseball player’s professional career in those players who specialized early. Most current professional baseball players surveyed believed that sport specialization was not required prior to high school to master the skills needed to play at the professional level. Our findings demonstrate an increased incidence of serious injuries in professional baseball players who specialized in baseball prior to high school. Youth baseball athletes should be encouraged not to participate in a single sport given the potential for an increased incidence of serious injuries later in their careers. No data are available to suggest that early specialization is needed to reach the professional level.
Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease

Background and aim: Interleukin (IL) 17 is a cytokine which exerts strong proinflammatory activities. In this study we evaluated changes in IL-17 expression in the inflamed mucosa and in the serum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Tissue samples were obtained endoscopically or surgically from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (n=20), Crohn’s disease (CD) (n=20), infectious colitis (n=5), ischaemic colitis (n=8), and normal colorectal tissues (n=15). IL-17 expression was evaluated by a standard immunohistochemical procedure. Serum IL-17 levels were determined by ELISA. IL-17 mRNA expression was analysed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: IL-17 expression was not detected in samples from normal colonic mucosa, infectious colitis, or ischaemic colitis. In the inflamed mucosa of active UC and CD patients, IL-17 expression was clearly detectable in CD3+ T cells or CD68+ monocytes/macrophages. The average number of IL-17+ cells was significantly increased in active UC and CD patients compared with inactive patients. IL-17 mRNA expression was not detected in normal mucosa but was detectable in the mucosa from active UC and CD patients. IL-17 was not detected in the sera from normal individuals, infectious colitis, or ischaemic colitis patients but IL-17 levels were significantly elevated in IBD patients. Conclusions: IL-17 expression in the mucosa and serum was increased in IBD patients. It is likely that IL-17 expression in IBD may be associated with altered immune and inflammatory responses in the intestinal mucosa.
Recombinant insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 inhibits IGF‐I, serum, and estrogen‐dependent growth of MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells

The insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are potent mitogens for breast cancer cells and their activity is modulated by high affinity binding proteins (IGFBPs). We have recently shown that IGFBP‐1 purified from human amniotic fluid neutralizes IGF‐I‐dependent growth of MCF‐7 cells. In this study we examined the effects of recombinant IGFBP‐1 (rBP‐1) on IGF‐I, estradiol (E2), and serum‐induced monolayer and anchorage independent growth (AIG) of MCF‐7 cells. Under serum‐free conditions, rBP‐1 had no effect on MCF‐7 basal monolayer growth. However, 40 nM rBP‐1 completely blocked the mitogenic action of both IGF‐I and 5% charcoal stripped serum (CSS). This concentration of rBP‐1 partially inhibited E2‐induced growth, while 80 nM rBP‐1 completely abolished E2 mitogenicity. The addition of either excess IGF‐I or 5 nM [Arg3]IGF‐I, a species that does not bind IGFBPs, neutralized rBP‐1 inhibitory effects. In AIG assays, 80 nM rBP‐1 reduced colony number by at least 70% and decreased colony size in all treatment groups compared to control. We examined rBP‐1 effects on both IGF‐I binding to MCF‐7 membranes and activation of type I IGF receptor (IGFR1) and found that 80 nM rBP‐1 reduced IGF‐I receptor binding to levels of nonspecific binding and completely abolished ligand‐dependent IGFR, phosphorylation. However, neither treatment with 5% CSS nor exposure to E2 resulted in IGFR1 phosphorylation suggesting that different mechanism(s) are responsible for rBP‐1 inhibitory action under this condition. Our data suggest rBP‐1 may serve as an antagonist of human breast cancer growth by interfering with growth factor‐mediated cell proliferation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensory Processing Patterns in Children Born Very Preterm.

OBJECTIVE We describe the prevalence and type of sensory processing differences in children born very preterm and determine associations with neonatal risk factors. METHOD We assessed sensory processing patterns using the Short Sensory Profile in a retrospective cohort of 160 children age 4 yr born very preterm (≤ 32 wk gestational age). Data analyses included descriptive statistics to describe the prevalence of sensory processing patterns and logistic regression to examine associations with neonatal risk factors. RESULTS Almost half of our cohort (46%) exhibited atypical sensory processing patterns. Lower Apgar scores (p = .03) and longer length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; p = .02) independently predicted atypical sensory processing patterns. CONCLUSION Children born very preterm are at increased risk for sensory processing differences, which are associated with perinatal risk factors and length of stay in the NICU. Routine evaluation for sensory processing differences of children born preterm is recommended.
Total hip arthroplasty using a combined anterior and posterior approach via a lateral incision in patients with ankylosed hips.

BACKGROUND For most patients with severely ankylosed hips, traditional surgical approaches do not provide sufficient exposure during THAs. We report our experience with a combined anterior and posterior approach using a lateral incision for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with severe, spontaneous bony hip ankylosis. METHODS Between January 2004 and December 2008, patients with severe, spontaneous bony hip ankylosis underwent THA via a combined anterior and posterior approach using a lateral incision. RESULTS We included 47 patients (76 hips) with a mean age of 53 (range 22-72) years in our study. All surgeries were successful, and no significant postoperative complications occurred. The mean operative duration was 1.5 (range 1.3-1.7) hours, and mean blood loss was 490 (range 450-580) mL. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.5 (range 2-11) years. Harris hip score improved from 53 to 88 points postoperatively, and the outcome was good to excellent in 88.37% of cases. Heterotopic ossification occurred in 6 hips, and infection, which resolved with antibiotics, occurred in 1 patient. CONCLUSION This combined anterior and posterior approach to THA using a lateral incision in patients with severe, spontaneous ankylosis provides very good exposure, protects the abduction unit and results in good to excellent postoperative recovery.
Cognitive Edge Computing based resource allocation framework for Internet of Things

Due to the inherent property of the processing resource request from mobile active or passive devices as part of internet of things (IoT), processing capacity as well as latency become major optimization criteria. To achieve overall optimized uses of cloud resources - having dynamic tracking, monitoring as well as orchestration framework is one of the key challenges to overcome. In the same context, enhanced uses of computing devices at distributed location is predicted to facilitate the success of IoT; subsequently the success of fifth generation (5G) of Wireless technologies. This opens enormous potential to integrate the unused resources of such distributed computed devices within the conventional cloudlet or cloud federation. However, this requires an efficient micro-level distributed computing resource tracking, monitoring and orchestration; where resources are distributed in geo-location as well as the availability of unused resources are time variant in nature. In this paper, we have proposed a cognitive edge-computing based framework solution for these requirements in order to achieve an efficient use of these distributed resources. This provides the end-user with a dynamic soft extension of computing facilities of cloudlet and cloud federation, as well as a revenue generation avenue to end-user. The simulation results show that such extension can be an exponential function of the number of local processing platforms agreed to participate in the proposed cognitive resource sharing.
Efficient Design, Analysis, and Implementation of Complex Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

CONG LIU: Efficient Design, Analysis, and Implementation of Complex Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems (Under the direction of Prof. James H. Anderson) The advent of multicore technologies is a fundamental development that is impacting software design processes across a wide range of application domains, including an important category of such applications, namely, those that have real-time constraints. This development has led to much recent work on multicore-oriented resource management frameworks for real-time applications. Unfortunately, most of this work focuses on simple task models where complex but practical runtime behaviors among tasks do not arise. In practice, however, many factors such as programming methodologies, interactions with external devices, and resource sharing often result in complex runtime behaviors that can negatively impact timing correctness. The goal of this dissertation is to support such more realistic and complex applications in multicore-based real-time systems. The thesis of this dissertation is: Capacity loss (i.e., over provisioning) can be significantly reduced on multiprocessors while providing soft and hard real-time guarantees for real-time applications that exhibit complex runtime behaviors such as self-suspensions, graph-based precedence constraints, non-preemptive sections, and parallel execution segments by designing new real-time scheduling algorithms and developing new schedulability tests. The above thesis is established by developing new multiprocessor scheduling algorithms and schedulability tests that are sufficient to provide real-time guarantees for task systems containing each of the above mentioned complex runtime behaviors individually and in combination. First, we present several efficient multiprocessor schedulability tests for both soft and hard real-time sporadic self-suspending task systems. For the past 20 years, the unsolved problem of supporting real-time systems with suspensions has impeded research progress on many related
Innovation and change in English language education

Contents Author Bios Preface * Introduction: Innovation and implementation of change Ken Hyland & Lillian Wong (University of Hong Kong) Section 1: Conceptions and contexts of innovation and change 2. Models of change and innovation Chris Kennedy (University of Birmingham, UK) 3. Contexts of change Numa Markee (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA) 4. Cultures of change: appropriate cultural content in Chinese school textbooks Yafu Gong (China National Institute for Educational Research, China) & Adrian Holliday (Canterbury Christ Church University, UK) 5. The management of change Alan Waters (Lancaster University, UK) & Maria Luz C. Vilches (Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines) Section 2: Innovation and change in teacher education 6. Innovation through teacher education programmes Karen E. Johnson (Pennsylvania State University, USA) 7. Innovation through action research and teacher-initiated change Anne Burns (Aston University, UK and University of New South Wales, Australia) 8. Reflective teaching as innovation Kathleen M. Bailey and Sarah E. Springer (Monterey Institute of International Studies, USA) 9. Teacher thinking, learning, and identity in the process of change Donald Freeman (University of Michigan, USA) Section 3: Innovation and change in the language curriculum 10. Innovation in language policy and planning: Ties to English language education Joseph Lo Bianco (University of Melbourne, Australia) 11. Change and innovation in primary education Beverly Derewianka (University of University of Wollongong, Australia) 12. Innovation in secondary education: a case of curriculum reform in Hong Kong David Carless and Gary Harfitt (University of Hong Kong) 13. Higher education constraints on innovation Denise E. Murray (Macquarie University, Australia) Section 4: Innovation and change in teaching practice 14. Innovation in materials development Brian Tomlinson (Leeds Metropolitan University, UK) 15. Corpora, innovation and English language education Ken Hyland (University of Hong Kong) 16. Innovation in the young learner classroom David Nunan (University of Hong Kong) 17. Technological innovation and teacher change: IT in teacher professional development Lillian L. C. Wong (University of Hong Kong) 18. Innovation in Assessment: Common Misconceptions and Problems Chris Davison (University of New South Wales, Australia)
Transport Physics and Device Modeling of Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Part I: Long-Channel Devices

Thin-film transistors (TFTs), which use zinc oxide (ZnO) as an active layer, were fabricated and investigated in detail. The transport properties of ZnO deposited by spray pyrolysis (SP) on a TFT structure are studied in a wide range of temperatures, electrical conditions (i.e., subthreshold, above-threshold linear, and saturation regions), and at different channel lengths. It is shown that ZnO deposited by SP is a nanocrystalline material; its field-effect mobility is temperature activated and increases with carrier concentration. On the basis of this analysis, we propose the multiple-trapping-and-release (MTR)-transport mechanism to describe the charge transport in ZnO. By means of numerical simulations, we prove that MTR is a suitable approach, and we calculate the density of states. We show that the tail states extend in a wide range of energy and that they strongly influence the transport properties. Finally, an analytical physical-based DC model is proposed and validated with experiments and numerical simulations. The model is able to reproduce the measurements on devices with different channel length in a wide range of bias voltages and temperatures by means of a restricted number of parameters, which are linked directly to the physical properties of the ZnO semiconductor. For the first time, the charge transport in the ZnO is investigated by means of the MTR, and a consistent analysis based on experiments, numerical simulations, and analytical modeling is provided.