Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave sea return at moderate to high incidence angles

Abstract Bragg scattering is widely recognized as the dominant mechanism by which the ocean surface backscatters microwave radiation, but efforts to identify other, non-Bragg sources of this scattering have been pursued for many years. Non-Bragg backscattering from the sea surface is known to occur at incidence angles close to 0° and 90°. In this paper Bragg scattering is shown to explain most features of sea surface backscatter for incidence angles between about 20° and 80°, except when it predicts very small mean cross sections. The often-quoted evidence for non-Bragg scattering in this incidence angle range is that σ o (HH) is occasionally found to be larger than or equal to σ o (VV) for short integration times. We show that because of fading this is not evidence of non-Bragg scattering. For incidence angles up to about 50°, standard Bragg/composite surface scattering theory yields probabilities of finding σ o (HH)>σ o (VV) that are only slightly smaller than those found experimentally. As the incidence angle increases, greater differences between theoretical and experimental probabilities are found. The addition of Bragg scattering from bound, tilted waves brings theory into excellent agreement with experiment at incidence angles near 45° but still cannot account adequately for the probability of σ o (HH)>σ o (VV) or observed σ o (HH) cross sections at higher incidence angles. We show that the addition of a small, non-Bragg cross section that is independent of the incidence angle and polarization, brings simulated cross sections and probability distributions into good agreement with data. A possible source of this small, non-Bragg sea return is sea spray just above the air/sea interface.
Comprehensive Whole-Genome and Candidate Gene Analysis for Response to Statin Therapy in the Treating to New Targets (TNT) Cohort

Background—Statins are effective at lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, but variability in response is not well understood. To address this, 5745 individuals from the Treating to New Targets (TNT) trial were genotyped in a combination of a whole-genome and candidate gene approach to identify associations with response to atorvastatin treatment. Methods and Results—A total of 291 988 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 1984 individuals were analyzed for association with statin response, followed by genotyping top hits in 3761 additional individuals. None was significant at the whole-genome level in either the initial or follow-up test sets for association with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride response. In addition to the whole-genome platform, 23 candidate genes previously associated with statin response were analyzed in these 5745 individuals. Three SNPs in apoE were most highly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response, followed by 1 in PCSK9 with a similar effect size. At the candidate gene level, SNPs in HMGCR were also significant though the effect was less than with those in apoE and PCSK9. rs7412/apoE had the most significant association (P=6×10−30), and its high significance in the whole-genome study (P=4×10−9) confirmed the suitability of this population for detecting effects. Age and gender were found to influence low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to a similar extent as the most pronounced genetic effects. Conclusions—Among SNPs tested with an allele frequency of at least 5%, only SNPs in apoE are found to influence statin response significantly. Less frequent variants in PCSK9 and smaller effect sizes in SNPs in HMGCR were also revealed.
Workaholism, Burnout, and Work Engagement: Three of a Kind or Three Different Kinds of Employee Well‐being?

The present study investigated in a sample of 587 telecom managers whether workaholism, burnout, and work engagement—the supposed antipode of burnout—can be distinguished empirically. These three concepts were measured with existing, validated multi-dimensional questionnaires. Structural equation modeling revealed that a slightly modified version of the hypothesised model that assumed three distinct yet correlated constructs—burnout, engagement, and workaholism—fitted the data best. Multiple regression analyses revealed that these three concepts retained unique hypothesised patterns of relationships with variables from five clusters representing (1) long working hours, (2) job characteristics, (3) work outcomes, (4) quality of social relationships, and (5) perceived health, respectively. In sum, our analyses provided converging evidence that workaholism, burnout, and engagement are three different kinds of employee well-being rather than three of a kind. La presente etude examine aupres d’un echantillon de 587 cadres des telecommunications la question de savoir si l’addiction au travail, le burnout et l’engagement au travail—suppose l’inverse du burnout—peuvent etre distingues empiriquement. Ces trois concepts sont mesures a partir de questionnaires multi-dimensionnels existants et valides. La modelisation d’equation structurale indique qu’une version legerement modifiee du modele teste selon lequel le burnout, l’engagement au travail et l’addiction au travail sont trois formes distinctes bien que correlees du bien-etre, rend mieux compte des resultats. Des analyses de regression multiples montrent que ces trois concepts renvoient
Inductive Inference and Its Natural Ground: An Essay in Naturalistic Epistemology

Hilary Kornblith presents an account of inductive inference that addresses both its metaphysical and epistemological aspects. He argues that inductive knowledge is possible by virtue of the fit between our innate psychological capacities and the causal structure of the world. Kornblith begins by developing an account of natural kinds that has its origins in John Locke's work on real and nominal essences. In Kornblith's view, a natural kind is a stable cluster of properties that are bound together in nature. The existence of such kinds serves as a natural ground of inductive inference.Kornblith then examines two features of human psychology that explain how knowledge of natural kinds is attained. First, our concepts are structured innately in a way that presupposes the existence of natural kinds. Second, our native inferential tendencies tend to provide us with accurate beliefs about the world when applied to environments that are populated by natural kinds.
The alpha‐helical rod domain of human lamins A and C contains a chromatin binding site.

We examined regions of human lamins A and C involved in binding to surfaces of mitotic chromosomes. An Escherichia coli expression system was used to produce full‐length lamin A and lamin C, and truncated lamins retaining the central alpha‐helical rod domain (residues 34–388) but lacking various amounts of the amino‐terminal ‘head’ and carboxy‐terminal ‘tail’ domains. We found that lamin A, lamin C and lamin fragments lacking the head domain and tail sequences distal to residue 431 efficiently assembled into paracrystals and strongly associated with mitotic chromosomes. Furthermore, the lamin rod domain also associated with chromosomes, although efficient chromosome coating required the pH 5–6 conditions needed to assemble the rod into higher order structures. Biochemical assays showed that chromosomes substantially reduced the critical concentration for assembly of lamin polypeptides into pelletable structures. Association of the lamin rod with chromosomes was abolished by pretrypsinization of chromosomes, and was not seen for vimentin (which possesses a similar rod domain). These data demonstrate that the alpha‐helical rod of lamins A and C contains a specific chromosome binding site. Hence, the central rod domain of intermediate filament proteins can be involved in interactions with other cellular structures as well as in filament assembly.
Nonvascular smooth muscle a-actin positive cells in the choroid of higher primates

Purpose. As an elaborated network of non-vascular smooth muscle a-actin positive cells (NVSMC) is present in the human eye, the purpose of this investigation was to describe the presence of NVSMC in the sclera and choroid of different mammals and primates. Methods. Whole mounts and tangential serial sections through the sclera and choroid of human donor eyes, of cynomolgus and rhesus monkey, mangabey, owl monkey, tree shrew, pig, cow, rabbit, cat, dog, and rat eyes were stained with a mouse-anti-smooth muscle a-actin antibody. The mean number/mm 2 of NVSMC was calculated in the central region of each quadrant. Results. In cynomolgus and rhesus monkey eyes, numerous NVSMC were located in the suprachoroidal and inner scleral region. In the temporal quadrant, the density of NVSMC was highest. NVSMC were semicircular arranged around the entering long ciliary artery and nerve. In the mangabey and owl monkey choroid, the number of NVSMC was about ten-fold less than in macaque monkeys. Most of the NVSMC were located parallel to large vessels and only some cells were seen in the suprachoroid and inner sclera. In the tree shrew monkey and in all other mammal eyes, no NVSMC could be detected. In the human eyes, in addition to the suprachoroidal and inner scleral NVSMC numerous cells were located in the choroid proper. The regional distribution and the orientation of the NVSMC was comparable in human and macaque monkey eyes. Conclusions. Comparing these findings with the literature, the presence of NVSMC correlates with the development of a central fovea and an elaborated accommodative system. Its functional significance remains to be determined.
Inhibition of dorsal spinocerebellar tract cells by interneurones in upper and lower lumbar segments in the cat.

The topographical distribution of interneurones mediating disynaptic inhibition of dorsal spinocerebellar tract (d.s.c.t.) cells from group I muscle afferents in the cat was investigated using both physiological and morphological techniques. Lesions of either the dorsal funiculi or of the lateral and ventral funiculi were made between L4 and L5 segments in two groups of cats. I.p.s.p.s. evoked from group I afferents were seen after both these lesions, showing that the i.p.s.p.s were evoked by interneurones located more caudally as well as by interneurones in the same segments as Clarke's column. Distribution of the caudally located interneurones in the lower lumbar segments was investigated after marking these interneurones with horseradish peroxidase retrogradely transported from Clarke's column. The horseradish peroxidase was injected along L3‐L4 segments of Clarke's column in two cats with transected dorsal funiculi. The marked cells were found in L5, L6, L7 and S1 segments, with a highest density in L6 and L7. They were seen in laminae V, VI and VII. A search was made for interneurones which could be antidromically invaded following stimuli applied in Clarke's column and were monosynaptically excited by group I afferents. Such interneurones were found at locations corresponding to laminae V‐VI of Rexed. The latencies of antidromic and orthodromic responses were within ranges allowing them to mediate disynaptic inhibition of d.s. c.t. cells.
Critical care of the bariatric patient

Objective:To synthesize the current literature on care of obese, critically ill, and bariatric surgical patients. Data Source:A MEDLINE/PubMed search from 1966 to August 2005 was conducted using the search terms obesity, bariatric surgery, and critical illness, and a search of the Cochrane Library was also conducted. Data Extraction and Synthesis:An increase in both the prevalence of obesity and the number of bariatric procedures performed has resulted in an increased number of obese and, specifically, bariatric surgical patients who require intensive care unit care. Obesity is a chronic inflammatory state with resultant effects on immune, metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematologic, and renal function. Principles of care of the critically ill obese patient are reviewed and then applied to critically ill bariatric surgical patients. Pharmacotherapy, vascular access, and the presentation and management of both pressure-induced rhabdomyolysis and anastomotic failure after bariatric surgery are also reviewed. Conclusions:Obesity causes a range of pathologic effects on all major organ systems. Knowledge of these effects and issues specific to the intensive care unit care of bariatric patients can help to predict and manage complications in this population.
Effects of Cyclic Nucleotides and Nucleoside Triphosphates on Stalk Formation in Caulobacter crescentus

Extensive stalk elongation in Skl mutants of Caulobacter crescentus occurs when they are grown in complete medium. This stalk elongation is less pronounced in synthetic medium with glucose as the sole carbon source than in complex peptone yeast extract medium. Addition of exogenous nucleoside triphosphates (adenosine triphosphate [ATP], guanosine triphosphate [GTP], cytidine triphosphate, and uridine triphosphate) inhibits stalk elongation of the Skl mutants, whereas cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (GMP) stimulates stalk elongation in the Skl strains grown in synthetic glucose medium. Cyclic GMP also produces stalk elongation in wild-type C. crescentus and concurrently produces a cell division defect resulting in cellular filament formation. Under conditions tested, cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate did not enhance stalk elongation. Endogenous ATP and GTP levels in the mutants are significantly lower than corresponding nucleotide concentrations of the parent wild-type strains. Control of syntheses resulting in stalk formation in C. crescentus appears to be related to intracellular concentrations of nucleotides, with cyclic GMP as a prominent candidate for an important regulatory role in this aspect of morphogenesis.
Physicians charged with opioid analgesic-prescribing offenses.

OBJECTIVE To provide a "big picture" overview of the characteristics and outcomes of recent criminal and administrative cases in which physicians have been criminally prosecuted or charged by medical boards with offenses related to inappropriate prescribing of opioid analgesics. DESIGN We identified as many criminal and administrative cases of these types as possible that occurred between 1998 and 2006. Cases were identified using a wide variety of sources, including organizational and government agency databases, published news accounts, and Web sites. Factual characteristics of these cases and their outcomes, and of the physicians involved, were then further researched using additional sources and methods. SETTING Study findings are intended to apply to practicing U.S. patient care physicians as a whole. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS There were no patients or participants in this study. Outcome Measures. We analyzed the numbers and types of cases and physicians involved, criminal and administrative charges brought, case outcomes and sanctions, specialties, and other characteristics of the physicians involved. RESULTS The study identified 725 doctors, representing an estimated 0.1% of practicing patient care physicians, who were charged between 1998 and 2006 with criminal and/or administrative offenses related to prescribing opioid analgesics. A plurality of these (39.3%) were General Practice/Family Medicine physicians, compared with 3.5% who were self-identified or board-certified pain specialists. Physicians in this sample were more likely to be male, older, and not board certified (P < 0.001). Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) criminal and complaint investigations averaged 658 per year (2003-2006) and "for cause" surrenders of DEA registrations averaged 369.7 (2000-2006). CONCLUSIONS Criminal or administrative charges and sanctions for prescribing opioid analgesics are rare. In addition, there appears to be little objective basis for concern that pain specialists have been "singled out" for prosecution or administrative sanctioning for such offenses.
Carbonato de lítio

O carbonato de litio, embora nao tenha mecanismo de acao completamente elucidado, e o medicamento de escolha para o tratamento do transtorno de humor bipolar, uma doenca mental que provoca periodos alternados entre dois estados antagonicos (mania e depressao), usualmente causando prejuizo psicossocial e comprometimento da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, alem de estar relacionada a crises suicidas. A complexidade da doenca e as caracteristicas do litio quanto aos efeitos adversos, variabilidade farmacocinetica, interacoes medicamentosas e regimes posologicos, resultam em uma nao-adesao ao tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho e realizar uma revisao bibliografica sobre os principais aspectos do carbonato de litio no tratamento do transtorno de humor bipolar, bem como os principais alvos que conduzem a uma explicacao sobre seu mecanismo de acao, ressaltando a importância da intervencao farmaceutica a fim de otimizar o uso adequado de medicamentos.
Coopération entre Optimisation Combinatoire et Statistiques pour la Sélection animale

L'objectif de cette etude est d'elaborer des modeles predictifs permettant, a partir de donnees genomiques, de determiner les individus les plus performants selon certains criteres quantitatifs. L'approche proposee allie les forces des methodes statistiques et des methodes d'optimisation combinatoire.
Maintenance of size and function of influenza virus hemagglutinin specific transgenic T‐cell clone during life

Immunization induces less protective immunity against infectious diseases in old compared to young subjects. We have studied the effect of age on the in vitro and in vivo function of murine transgenic T cells expressing a receptor for influenza hemagglutinin 110‐120 peptide. During aging the transgenic T cells undergo the age‐associated shift from naive to memory phenotype but maintain, despite thymic involution, their number as well as their cytokine production and proliferative responses induced by the hemagglutinin 110‐120 peptide in vitro. The maintenance of the size and functions of transgenic T cells during the aging may be related to low expression of CTLA‐4 molecules known to exhibit a negative regulatory effect subsequent to interaction with costimulatory molecules as well as of stimulation of T cells by unknown cross reactive endogenous factors but not by nominal antigen since innate immunity prevents natural infection with influenza virus of murine species. This suggests that the impaired immunity induced by immunization in old subjects reflects defects in the development and maintenance of T cell memory and not in the expression of effector activity.
O instrumento “CoRe” como atividade didática para acessar o conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo de licenciandos

Este estudo situa-se no campo de formacao de professores e utiliza o conceito de PCK - conhecimento pedagogico do conteudo - como referencial teorico. Nossa pesquisa busca acessar indicios do PCK de um grupo de licenciandos que cursam uma disciplina do curso de licenciatura do Instituto de Quimica da Universidade de Sao Paulo. Investigou-se o PCK desses licenciandos a partir da discussao sobre o tema natureza da materia realizada durante a elaboracao do instrumento CoRe - representacao de conteudo (LOUGHRAN; MULHALL; BERRY, 2004). Efetuou-se a analise de conteudo dos registros em audio e video, agrupando-se as ideias centrais em categorias descritas na literatura, a partir do modelo de PCK de Rollnick et al. (2008). Os resultados indicam que o processo de elaboracao do CoRe foi capaz de revelar o PCK dos licenciandos em construcao atraves da transformacao dos conhecimentos sobre os estudantes, a pedagogia e sobre o contexto (SHUMAN,1986).
Logistics social networks

Along with the development of logistics information technology, especially the application of Internet of Things (IoT), logistics networks have recorded footprints of our daily events and industrial operations. People, cargos, organizations, facilities and information are closely involved in logistics procedures and form an up-to-date social network, which has physical, open, diverse and dynamic features. To describe and analyze the new characteristics of this new network, we propose a new term called Logistics Social Networks and discuss their concept, construction and analysis methodologies.
Design and Optimization of a high torque in-wheel surface-mounted PM synchronous motor using concentrated winding

This paper presents a specific design process of a high-torque direct-drive in-wheel permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) using concentrated winding and grain oriented (GO) silicon steel teeth for a hybrid All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) application. Mechanical specifications and constraints of an off-road application are first demystified. An analytical design model, considering magnet flux and an induction reaction correction factors, is developed and used to determine geometric dimensions of a radial flux machine topology with surface-mounted permanent magnets (PM) and external rotor. The model also takes into account losses in winding, magnets, stator and rotor yokes and teeth. Electrical parameters of the equivalent machine circuit are determined to adapt the machine to the imposed converter voltage. All critical machine models parameters are validated with finite element (FE) simulations. The analytical design model is used to perform an iterative optimization procedure. This model is corrected during the optimization process by using correction factors derived from 2D FE analysis. The optimization process and some critical design validations are presented.
Segmental Analysis of the Sagittal Plane Alignment of the Normal Thoracic and Lumbar Spines and Thoracolumbar Junction

Recent advances in spinal instrumentation have brought about a new emphasis on the three-dimensional spinal deformity of scoliosis and especially on the restoration of normal sagittal plane contours. Normal alignment in the coronal and transverse planes is easily defined; however, normal sagittal plane alignment is not so simple. This retrospective study was undertaken to increase the understanding of the normal alignment of the spine in the sagittal plane, with a special emphasis on the thoracolumbar junction. Measurements were made from the lateral radiographs of 102 subjects with clinically and radiographically normal spines. Cobb measurements of the thoracic kyphosis (T3–T12), the thoracolumbar junction (T10–T12 and T12–L2), and the lumbar lordosis (L1–L5) were determined. The apices of the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis also were determined. Using a computerized digltalizing table, the segmental angulatlon was determined at each level from T1–2 to L5–S1. In conclusion, there is a wide range of normal sagittal alignment of the thoracic and lumbar spines. When using composite measurements of the combined frontal and sagittal plane deformity of scoliosis, this wide range of sagittal variance should be taken into consideration. Using norms established here for segmental alignment, areas of hypokyphosis and hypolordosis commonly seen in scoliosis can be more objectively evaluated. The thoracolumbar junction is for all practical purposes straight; lumbar lordosis usually starts at L1–2 and gradually increases at each level caudally to the sacrum.