Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of a short form of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function subscale in hip and knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE A short version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function scale has recently been developed to enhance the applicability of the scale in routine practice and clinical research for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. The goal of the present study was to validate this short form. METHODS We conducted a prospective 4-week cohort study of 1,036 outpatients. Performance on the WOMAC function long form (LF) and short form (SF) was compared. Agreement between responses on the 2 forms was examined according to a Bland-Altman plot. Responsiveness to change (by standardized response mean [SRM]), reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) were computed for both forms. Construct validity was assessed based on functional impairment as measured on a numerical rating scale. RESULTS At baseline, 24% of patients who completed the WOMAC LF had missing data for at least 1 item as compared with only 6% of patients who completed the WOMAC SF. The mean WOMAC SF score was greater than the mean WOMAC LF score (mean +/- SD difference -4.3 +/- 4.8 on a 0-100 scale). SRMs were 0.61 and 0.73, ICCs were 0.76 and 0.68, and Cronbach's alphas were 0.93 and 0.85 for the WOMAC LF and SF, respectively. The 2 forms had comparable correlation with functional impairment. CONCLUSION The WOMAC function short form has a low rate of missing data and is a responsive, reproducible, and valid measure. The mean SF score was 4 points higher than the mean LF score.
KONTINUITAS DAN PERUBAHAN DALAM PENETAPAN HUKUM HUDUD:DARI NASS HINGGA TEKS FIKIH

Hukum {wdiid adalah bagian dari hukum pidana Islam selain hukum qi~ii~ dan ta 'zlr. Secara historis dan antropologis keberlakuan hukum ini memiliki kontinuitas dengan tradisi hukum sebelumnya. Al-Quran merespon tradisi hukum ini melalui dua model, yaitu ta{1rlm (destruktif) dan taghylr(rekonstruktif). Model taiJrlm terjadi pada kasus penetapan hukum kkm1r, sedangkan model taghylr terjadi pada hukum pencurian, zina, dan qazaf· Al-Qur'an merekonstruksi hukum-hukum tersebut dari masa sebelumnya, sehingga keberlakuannya didasarkan pada worldview al-Qur'an. Nilai filosofi yang terkandung dalam hukum IJudzld adalah keadilan, tanggung jawab, moralitas, kesetaraan. Semua nilai-nilai ini menjadi dasar pemberlakuan hukum, sehingga model penegakan hukumnya adalah reformatif-restoratif. Konstruksi pemikiran para ulama dalam penetapan hukum 1J udiid dapat dibedakan dalam dua bentuk, tekstualis dan kontekstualis. Model tekstualis terutama menyangkut penetapan bentuk hukuman bagi pelanggar IJudild Para ulama menetapkan hukuman tersebut seperti apa adanya yang tertulis di dalam na~~· Model kontekstualis terdapat pada rincian persyaratan dalam penerapan hukum IJudiid Ulama merumuskan syarat rukun dan berbagai prosedur yang diperlukan dalam rangka penerapan hukum IJudiid melalui pengadilan. Dalam konteks ini para ulama mempertimbangkan kebutuhan masyarakat da1am hal penegakan hukum. Keragaman pendapat para ulama disebabkan adanya keragaman dalil dan fatwa yang dijadikan pegangan, di samping juga penggunaan metodologi istinbii{hukum dalam memahami na~$tentang {1udud Kata kunci: IJudud, kontinuitas, dialektika, res torat(f, rehabilitatif
Monoclonal antibodies to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: analysis of viral epitopes and comparison of different isolates.

A panel of five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced against the West Buxton isolate of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus was used to investigate viral antigens and to compare different aquatic birnavirus isolates antigenically. Reciprocal blocking ELISA and neutralization assays indicated that these MAbs identified four, and possibly five, structurally and/or functionally different epitopes on the virion. Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that one epitope was present on VP2, the large (51,000 mol. wt., 51K) capsid protein, and another epitope was located on the two smallest structural proteins, VP3 (32K) and VP4 (30K). Three MAbs did not react with any of the solubilized viral proteins; the epitopes recognized by these MAbs may have been altered when the virion was solubilized with SDS. Comparison of reactivity patterns of the five MAbs with various aquatic birnaviruses in ELISA and neutralization tests demonstrated that 14 isolates tested from four serotypes represented a minimum of nine antigenically distinct viruses; i.e., distinct patterns of reactivity were shown among several viruses within the same serotype. Two MAbs identified different epitopes that were highly conserved among, and largely restricted to, members of the West Buxton (U.S.A.) serotype, whereas two other MAbs recognized an epitope(s) present only on some members of this serotype. The other MAb defined an epitope that was more widely distributed among the aquatic birnaviruses and found on all representatives tested from two serotypes.
Modeling of electrical and vibration signals of transformers with different magnetic properties

The modeling of currents and vibration signals of two-winding transformers which have different magnetic characteristics are considered in the article. The impact of different types of magnetization curves on the electrical and vibration transformer signals is shown. The possible applications for the transformers, which cores are characterized by different magnetization curves, on the basis of ensuring the least vibration are noted.
Cause-specific mortality in type 2 diabetes. The Verona Diabetes Study.

OBJECTIVE This population-based study, carried out in the framework of the Verona Diabetes Study, investigated mortality from specific causes in known type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of 7,148 known type 2 diabetic patients (3,366 men and 3,782 women) was identified on 31 December 1986 and followed up for 5 years (1987-1991). Underlying causes of death were obtained from death certificates and were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Cause-specific death rates of diabetic subjects were compared with those of the inhabitants of Verona. By 31 December 1991, 1,550 diabetic subjects (744 men and 806 women) had died. RESULTS The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 1.42 (95% CI 1.35-1.50). The highest SMRs were for the following specific causes: diabetes (SMR 4.47 [3.91-5.10]), gastrointestinal diseases (1.83 [1.50-2.21])--particularly liver cirrhosis (2.52 [1.96-3.20])--and cardiovascular diseases (1.34 [1.23-1.44]), particularly cerebrovascular (1.48 [1.25-1.73]) and ischemic heart diseases (1.41 [1.24-1.62]). A significantly higher than expected risk of mortality for cardiovascular causes was already present in the first 5 years after diagnosis and decreased with age. Type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin had a higher risk of dying than those treated orally or by diet. CONCLUSIONS The highest SMRs in the diabetic cohort were for diabetes and liver cirrhosis. The mortality risk for cardiovascular diseases, although significantly higher than expected, was much lower in Italian type 2 diabetic patients than that reported for American patients. The evidence of an early effect on mortality suggests that prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment should be improved.
A PHYLOGENETIC APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON TRAITS 1

The quantitative characterization of the ecology of individual phytoplankton taxa is essential for model resolution of many aspects of aquatic ecosystems. Existing literature cannot directly parameterize all phytoplankton taxa of interest, as many traits and taxa have not been sampled. However, valuable clues on the value of traits are found in the evolutionary history of species and in common correlations between traits. These two resources were exploited with an existing, statistically consistent method built upon evolutionary concepts. From a new data set with >700 observations on freshwater phytoplankton traits and a qualitative phytoplankton phylogeny, estimates were derived for the size, growth rate, phosphate affinity, and susceptibility to predation of 277 phytoplankton types, from evolutionary ancestors to present‐day species. These estimates account simultaneously for phylogenetic relationships between types, as imposed by the phylogeny, and approximate power‐law relationships (e.g., allometric scaling laws) between traits, as reconstructed from the data set. Results suggest that most phytoplankton traits are to some extent conserved in evolution: cross‐validation demonstrated that the use of phylogenetic information significantly improves trait value estimates. By providing trait value estimates as well as uncertainties, these results could benefit most quantitative studies involving phytoplankton.
Venous Thromboembolism: A Common and Preventable Condition Implications for the Home Care Nurse

Mrs. Jones, 75 years old, is a long-term home care patient with multiple medical diagnoses, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, heart failure, and diabetes. She was recently hospitalized for a severe exacerbation of her respiratory disease. Mrs. Jones has chronic leg and back pain due to arthritis, usually managed to her satisfaction with acetaminophen. About 5 days after returning home, she complained of increasing pain in her leg that she attributed to her arthritis. There were no additional signs of circulatory problems or inflammation such as edema or redness. Two days later, Mrs. Jones suffered a syncopal episode at home and went to the emergency department. She was hospitalized and 3 days later, after ruling out other causes, the physician tested for and found evidence of pulmonary embolism (PE). She returned home with the newly added medication of warfarin.
[Effect of Ad-Gax transfection on apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and its mechanism].

BACKGROUND Apoptosis is closely related to development of lung cancer. It is a strategy of lung cancer therapy to induce apoptosis. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of growth arrest-specific homeobox (Gax) transfection on apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. METHODS A549 cells were transfected with Gax gene by a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing the hemagglutinin-tagged Gax cDNA (Ad-Gax). Apoptosis of A549 cells was observed by transmission electronic microscope and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive staining. Apoptotic rate of A549 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in A549 cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Before Ad-Gax transfection, none or few of TUNEL-positive A549 cells were detected. After Ad-Gax transfection, a marked increase in TUNEL-positive staining occurred, especially at 24 h later. The ratio of apoptosis of A549 cellsin non-transfection group and transfection groups at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h were 0.25%, 12.57%, 17.29%, 15.03%, respectively. Compared with non-transfection group, the apoptotic rates of transfection groups increased significantly (Chi-square value was 7.357, 11.126 and 9.943 respectively, P < 0.01). The average optical density (AOD) of Bcl-2 protein in A549 cells in non-transfection group and transfection groups at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h were 2.02±0.07, 1.79±0.02, 1.25±0.51 and 1.21±0.24 respectively. Compared with non-transfection group, AOD of Bcl-2 protein in A549 cells in transfection groups decreased significantly (t value was 6.651, 7.089 and 7.438 respectively, P < 0.01). On the other hand, Bax protein expression in transfection groups increased, the AODs of Bax were 4.49±0.61, 4.24±0.37 and 3.95±0.43, respectively. Compared with non-transfection group (3.12±0.42), AOD of Bax protein in A549 celle in transfection groups increased significantly (t value was 7.469, 7.287 and 6.473 respectively, P < 0.01). In the Ad-Gax transfection groups the lower Bcl-2/Bax ratio was, the higher the apoptotic rate of A549 cells was (r=-0.49, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ad-Gax transfection can induce A549 cells apoptosis. Possible mechanism is that Gax can downregulate Bcl-2 protein expression and upregulate Bax protein expression, and A549 cells apoptosis is related to the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
Programme sensitivity and effectiveness of mammography service screening in Helsinki, Finland

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of mammography service screening. SETTING: Helsinki (population 0.5 million), the capital of Finland, the breast cancer service screening programme was started gradually in 1986. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on the data from the breast cancer screening programme in Helsinki. All incident cases of breast cancer and rates in the female population in Helsinki during the period 1970–97, and information on the subsequent breast cancer mortality were derived from the files of the Finnish Cancer Registry. To estimate the sensitivity of the programme, the number of screen detected cancers were compared with the overall number of breast cancers at the targeted age groups. Effects of screening were estimated for cumulative incidence and for the refined mortalities among the birth cohorts screened. RESULTS: Altogether 144 400 invitations had been sent during 1986–97 among the 50–9 year old women as targeted in Helsinki. The average attendance rate was 82%; and 545 breast cancers were detected by screening, with a detection rate of 0.46%. In the birth cohort of women born between the start of 1935 and the end of 1939—namely, those subjected to most complete screening and long follow up time since the onset of the programme—there was an increase in the cumulative incidence of breast cancer (relative risk (RR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09 to 1.27). The estimated sensitivity of the screening programme was 58%; and 53% if corrected for overdiagnosis. There was also a decrease of 19% (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.05) in the refined mortality within this screened birth cohort, compared with the death rate of women of comparable ages in the non-screened reference cohort. CONCLUSION: The study provides further support to the hypothesis that service screening with mammography reduces the risk of breast cancer mortality.
A widget library for gaze-based interaction elements

Eye-control as an interaction mechanism for desktop computers was proposed already long time ago (e.g.; [Bolt 1982]). However, few systematic approaches to universal design guidelines and interaction elements for gaze-controlled user interfaces have been made. Graphical user interfaces comprise of two components: first, a pointing device, and secondly, the graphical interface itself, where the pointing device is sliding on and triggers actions. Whereas a lot of research work has focused on the pointing device, such as eye tracking hardware, improvements of the calibration process and measuring accuracy, the design of an appropriate user interface optimized for gaze control has not been covered extensively so far.
Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 1: A visualization study

Limited information exists regarding the induction of explosive vapor and cavitation bubbles in an endodontic rinsing solution. It is also not clear whether a fiber has to be moved in the irrigation solution or can be kept stationary. No information is available on safe power settings for the use of cavitation in the root canal. This study investigates the fluid movements and the mechanism of action caused by an Er,Cr:YSGG laser in a transparent root model.
Mechanisms of bacterial opsonization by immune globulin intravenous: correlation of complement consumption with opsonic activity and protective efficacy.

To study the mechanism of bacterial opsonization by immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) complement consumption and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) membrane receptor (FcRlo, CR1, and CR3)-mediated phagocytosis of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and groups A and B streptococci were examined. IGIV alone did not consume complement and showed no opsonic activity by itself for these organisms. When these bacteria were preopsonized in IGIV, significant amounts of complement were consumed (44%-94%) and the uptake and killing of bacteria occurred. The in vitro opsonic activity of IGIV for these organisms was significantly correlated with the amount of complement consumed by the IGIV-opsonized bacteria (r = .85, P less than .05). The in vivo protective efficacy of IGIV also appeared to be directly associated with its ability to activate and consume complement (r = 1.0, P less than .001). Antibodies to FcRlo (Leu 11) markedly inhibited phagocytosis of bacteria opsonized in IGIV but not that of bacteria opsonized in specific IgM. Both CR1 and CR3 receptors on PMNLs were involved in uptake, but the contribution of each is different with different organisms.
Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Kidney Transplantation and Early Renal Function Prediction

Background. This prospective observational study aimed to assess the relevance of serial postoperative plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) measurements on prediction of early renal transplant function. Methods. Plasma NGAL (pNGAL) was measured (Triage NGAL Test; Biosite Inc., Inverness Medical) in 41 patients scheduled for kidney transplantation from deceased or living donors, immediately before and after surgery, and at 12 hr, day 1, day 3, and day 7. A delayed graft function (DGF) was defined as the need for dialysis during the first week. The results were expressed as median (Q1, Q3). Results. Of the 41 consecutive patients enrolled, all had a high preoperative pNGAL level: 453 ng/mL (382, 595). Fifteen (36.6%) presented a DGF. In patients with DGF, pNGAL was significantly higher at 12 hr (571 [467, 634] vs. 242 [158, 299] ng/mL, P<0.0001) and at day 1 (466 [356, 627] vs. 165 [91, 248] ng/mL, P<0.0001). A pNGAL higher than 400 ng/mL 12 hr after transplantation predicted DGF with a sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 88.5%, and an odds ratio of 63.2 (P=0.0004). This predictive performance was higher than for plasma creatinine. Conclusions. pNGAL level early and accurately predicted DGF after renal transplantation. pNGAL measurements allowed monitoring of the renal function in this striking situation of ischemia-reperfusion aggression. Early identification of patients at risk of DGF, before graft lesions are consolidated, opens the field of a precise monitoring of renal injury and the impact of future protective therapeutics.
Recipient Tissue Factor Expression Is Associated With Consumptive Coagulopathy in Pig‐to‐Primate Kidney Xenotransplantation

Consumptive coagulopathy (CC) remains a challenge in pig‐to‐primate organ xenotransplantation (Tx). This study investigated the role of tissue factor (TF) expression on circulating platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Baboons (n = 9) received a kidney graft from pigs that were either wild‐type (n = 2), α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GT‐KO; n = 1) or GT‐KO and transgenic for the complement‐regulatory protein, CD46 (GT‐KO/CD46, n = 6). In the baboon where the graft developed hyperacute rejection (n = 1), the platelets and PBMCs expressed TF within 4 h of Tx. In the remaining baboons, TF was detected on platelets on post‐Tx day 1. Subsequently, platelet‐leukocyte aggregation developed with formation of thrombin. In the six baboons with CC, TF was not detected on baboon PBMCs until CC was beginning to develop. Graft histopathology showed fibrin deposition and platelet aggregation (n = 6), but with only minor or no features indicating a humoral immune response (n = 3), and no macrophage, B or T cell infiltration (n = 6). Activation of platelets to express TF was associated with the initiation of CC, whereas TF expression on PBMCs was concomitant with the onset of CC, often in the relative absence of features of acute humoral xenograft rejection. Prevention of recipient platelet activation may be crucial for successful pig‐to‐primate kidney Tx.
Online testing from Google Docs™ to enhance teaching of core topics in critical care: A pilot study

Background: Recent evidence suggests that retrieval practice, or learning by testing, may lead to more effective knowledge retention than standard educational techniques. Aim: The purpose of this pilot project was to document successful teaching of evidence-based guidelines in critical care by augmenting interactive problem-based teaching sessions with online pre- and post-testing. Methods: We used a free, internet-based document collaboration system (Google Docs™) to develop and share pre-tests and pre-session teaching files with the fellows. At the teaching sessions the pre-tests were reviewed interactively, and additional case-based questions were presented. One week after the sessions, the fellows were sent a post-test and a post-session survey. Results of the pre- and post-tests as well as the post-session surveys were tabulated by the document collaboration system. Results: The mean score was 54.6% (SD = 21.4%) on the pre-tests and 87.0% (SD = 15.8%) on the post-tests (p < 0.01). On a scale of 1–10, the median ratings given by the fellows were 9.5 (IQR = 9–10) for utility of the teaching sessions, 9 for utility of the test questions (IQR = 9–10), and 10 (IQR = 9–10) for utility of the teaching files. Conclusion: Google Docs™ can be successfully used to integrate retrieval practice into the teaching of evidence-based guidelines in critical care.
Comparison between two doses of dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in paediatric infraumbilical surgeries

Background and Aims: Caudal block (CB) with adjuvants is routinely used in children for anaesthesia. We evaluated the efficacy of the α2 adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine at two different doses as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in CB. Methods: This study was conducted on ninety children. Control group BD0 received 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml/kg, whereas, the study groups BD1 and BD2 received 1 μg/kg and 2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine, respectively, with 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml/kg as a single shot CB. Adequacy of the block, haemodynamic changes, duration of analgesia and side effects were compared. Analysis of Variance was used for between-group comparisons of numerical variables. Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for quantitative data. Results: The demography was comparable. Anal sphincter 5 min after administration of the CB was relaxed in 89.3%, 82.1% and 75% of cases in BD0, BD1 and BD2 groups, respectively. The sphincter was relaxed at the end of surgery in all the cases. Comparable haemodynamics was noted with significantly prolonged duration of analgesia in the groups BD1 (964.2 ± 309 min) and BD2 (1152.6 ± 380.4 min) compared to control (444.6 ± 179.4 min). While no complications were encountered in groups BD0 and BD1, bradycardia was observed in four cases of BD2 group with accompanied hypotension in one of them. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine improves the quality of CB, provides good operating conditions and increases the duration of post-operative analgesia. We conclude that 1 μg/kg is as effective as 2 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine and with a better safety profile.