Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the productivity slowdown The importance of entry and exit of workers

Many OECD countries have experienced a slowdown in measured labour productivity from 2005 and onwards. Norway is no exception in this respect. Most countries use a simple aggregate of hours worked when measuring labour productivity. One way to improve measurement of labour services is to control for worker characteristics. A theoretical rationale for doing so is given by Diewert and Lippe (2010). We generalise previous analyses by allowing for exit and entry of workers when measuring labour services using Norwegian microdata. We find that the bias from using hours worked compared to a labour index capturing various compositional effects can be substantial and systematic over time. In the case of Norway the bias explains about a quarter of the productivity slowdown after 2005.
Optimal Reinsurance-Investment Problem under Mean-Variance Criterion with n Risky Assets

Based on the mean-variance criterion, this paper investigates the continuous-time reinsurance and investment problem. The insurer’s surplus process is assumed to follow Cramér–Lundberg model. The insurer is allowed to purchase reinsurance for reducing claim risk. The reinsurance pattern that the insurer adopts is combining proportional and excess of loss reinsurance. In addition, the insurer can invest in financial market to increase his wealth. The financial market consists of one risk-free asset and n correlated risky assets. The objective is to minimize the variance of the terminal wealth under the given expected value of the terminal wealth. By applying the principle of dynamic programming, we establish a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. Furthermore, we derive the explicit solutions for the optimal reinsurance-investment strategy and the corresponding efficient frontier by solving the HJB equation. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate how the optimal reinsurance-investment strategy changes with model parameters.
Study of Emerging Trends in Effective Recruitment/E-Recruitment and Selection of Job Seekers in Organization

: In today ’ s competitive business environment and rapidly changing global world economy, the organizations with competent personnel possess a competitive edge. Additionally, with rapid growth and utilization of the Internet facilities and applications over the last several years has changed the way companies ’ conduct of business activities in all aspects. To attract, recruit and select good employees is one of the great challenges for Human Resource Department. Today online recruiting has become a significant tool for Human Resource Department along with prospective job seekers. It is highly crucial for HR Department to hire the right people, for the right job, at the right time with the right knowledge, skills and abilities. Multiple companies have advanced to recruit with their websites, job portals and outsourcing this function rather than publishing newspaper classified ads, and pamphlets. This paper discusses the concept of e-recruitment from the perspective of job seekers. Online recruiting process increases the firms' competitive advantage and a plus point through increased efficiency with lower costs and offers various perks and opportunities to job seekers. This paper examines the emerging trends concerning effective recruitment and selection of job seekers in organization.
A mathematical model for routing in 1+1 protection with network coding for instantaneous recovery

The 1+1 protection provides instantaneous receiverinitiated recovery from any single link failure by using at least double network resources. This letter presents an Integer Quadratic Programming (IQP) model to determine an optimum set of routes that minimizes the required network resources for 1+1 protection using the network coding (NC) technique while maintaining the capability of instantaneous recovery. The cost obtained from our developed IQP model is compared with that of the conventional minimal-cost routing policy, where both approaches include the NC effect. Numerical results show that the IQP model achieves almost double resource saving effect in our examined networks.
Data Mining tools and techniques in Medical Science

-Our research is based on the Study of various data mining techniques and tools that are used and in Medical Science. In this study we have conclude the techniques , breast cancer and Chronic and kidney Disease. The major goal of the classification technique is to predict the target class accurately for each case in the data. The present study is focused on the usage of classification techniques in the field of medical science and bioinformatics.The goal of data mining application is to turn that data are facts, numbers, or text which can be processed by a computer into knowledge or information. The main purpose of data mining application in healthcare systems is to develop an automated tool for identifying and disseminating relevant healthcare information.Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers for women in developed countries including India. It is the second most common cause of cancer death in women. The high incidence of breast cancer in women has increased significantly in the last years.Chronic-Kidney-Disease prediction using weka data mining tool and its usage for classification in the field of medical bioinformatics. It firstly classifies dataset and then determines which algorithm performs better for diagnosis and prediction of Chronic- Kidney-Disease. Prediction begins with identification of symptoms in patients and then identifying sick patients from a lot of sick and healthy ones. presents a comparative study of different data mining applications, techniques and different methodologies applied for extracting knowledge from database generated in the healthcare industry. Finally, the existing data mining techniques with data mining algorithms and its application tools which are more valuable for healthcare services are discussed in detail.
A Web Text Mining Technique using Semantic Relations based on WordNet and Text Corpus

1. 서 론 많은 양과 종류의 문서가 웹에서 제작되어 사용되고 있으 며 앞으로 이 추세는 더욱 증가할 것이다. 이러한 웹 문서의 형태에는 일반 텍스트 형태, HTML 형태, 그리고 XML 형태가 있다. 이러한 형태의 문서 중에서도 일반 텍스트 형태의 문서 의 양이 급속도로 증가하고 있다고 한다. 이러한 일반 텍스트 는 구조를 가지고 있지 않기 때문에 직접 컴퓨터 프로그램으 로 처리하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위한 텍스트 검색 기법에 관심이 모아지고 있다[1][2]. 참고문헌 [3]은 텍스트 형식의 웹 문서로부터 의미 관계 (semantic relation)를 찾아내어 검색하는 방법을 논의하고 있다. 단순히 단어 모음(bag)만을 가지고 웹 문서를 검색하 는 것은 단어들 간의 의미 관계를 나타낼 수가 없어서 의미 적으로 중요한 검색이 불가능하며 때로는 의미적으로 잘 못된 검색 결과를 제시할 수가 있다고 한다. 참고문헌 [3] 에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 문장의 의미 관 계를 추출하는 방법을 사용하였다. 텍스트 문서에 대하여 대명사 지시(reference) 문제 해결[4], 품사 (part-of-speech) 태깅(tagging)[5], 구문 분석[6]을 사 용하여 텍스트의 문장에서 의미를 나타내는 명사구(noun phrase)와 동사구(verb phrase) 등을 찾아내고 이를 기반 으로 텍스트의 문장을 의미 관계로 변환하여 나타내었다. 의미 관계에는 agent, theme, modifiedBy 세 가지를 정의 하여 사용하였다. 다음에 용어(term) 분류체계(taxonomy) 를 구성한다. 이 시도의 목적은 비슷한 용어를 사용하여 구 성된 의미 관계를 일반화시켜서 통계적으로 의미가 있는 패턴을 찾아서 효과적인 검색을 하기 위한 것이다. 최근에 온톨로지 구축을 위한 목적으로 용어의 분류 체계 에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 이러한 방법에는 문자 (symbol)를 이용한 방법과 통계를 이용한 방법이 있다. 문자 를 이용한 방법의 단점은 모든 가능한 용어 관계를 추출할 수 없다는 것이다. 통계를 이용한 방법의 단점은 통계적인 수치에 의해서만 용어 분류가 이루어지기 때문에 실질적인 의미를 나타내지 못할 수가 있어서 응용에 직접 사용하기가 어려운 면이 있다는 것이다. 또한 이들 방법이 실용성을 가 지기 위해서는 대용량의 코퍼스(corpus)가 필요하다. 다른 방법으로는 WordNet[7]을 사용하는 방법이 있다. 기본적으 로 미리 분류된 용어로부터 WordNet 을 사용하여 응용 영역 에 적합한 용어 분류를 점진적으로 생성하여 전체 용어의 분 류 체계를 구성하는 방법이 있다. 여기에는 용어간의 의미 유사성을 계산할 수 있는 수식이 필요하다. 이렇게 하여 응용에 적합한 용어의 분류체계가 구성되 면, 이 분류체계를 기반으로 텍스트를 구성하는 문장들의 의미 관계를 구성한 다음에, 용어들 간의 일반적인 연합 관 계(generalized association)에 대한 조사를 시작한다. 여 기서 문제가 되는 것은 과잉 일반화(overgeneralization) 문제이다. 용어들 간의 분류 체계를 기반으로 조사를 수행 하는 과정에서 분류 체계의 상부 구조로 접근하게 되면 대 부분의 경우에 과잉 일반화 문제에 빠지게 된다고 한다. 즉, 구체적인 검색이 이루어지는 것이 아니고 매우 일반적 검색이 이루어져서 적합하지 않은 검색 결과를 생성할 수 가 있기 때문이다. 따라서 적절한 수준에서 구체적인 검색 결과만을 선택하여 과잉으로 일반화된 결과가 제시되지 않 도록 방지하여야 한다. 참고문헌 [3]은 GP-Close (Close Generalized Pattern Mining) 라는 방법을 고안하여 이 문 제를 다루고 있다. 그리고 제안된 방법을 RDF(Resource Description Framework) XML 문서에 적용한 결과를 보여 주고 있다. 참고문헌 [8]에서도 유사한 연구를 하였다. 이 논문에서 는 직접적으로 현재의 Google 검색 결과와 자신들의 검색 결과를 제시하여, 자신들 방법의 진보된 결과를 제시하고 있다고 주장한다. 참고문헌 [8]에서는 Google에 "Shanghai", "hotel", "Five star" 라는 세 개의 검색 단어를 입력하였을 경우에, 단 하나의 검색 결과만이 상하이에 위 2007 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol. 34, No. 1(A)
High‐Pressure Geophysical Properties of Fcc Phase FeHX

Face centered cubic (fcc) FeHX was synthesized at pressures of 18–68 GPa and temperatures exceeding 1,500 K. Thermally quenched samples were evaluated using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (NRIXS) to determine sample composition and sound velocities to 82 GPa. To aid in the interpretation of nonideal (X ≠ 1) stoichiometries, two equations of state for fcc FeHX were developed, combining an empirical equation of state for iron with two distinct synthetic compression curves for interstitial hydrogen. Matching the density deficit of the Earth's core using these equations of state requires 0.8–1.1 wt % hydrogen at the core‐mantle boundary and 0.2–0.3 wt % hydrogen at the interface of the inner and outer cores. Furthermore, a comparison of Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) to a Birch's law extrapolation of our experimental results suggests that an iron alloy containing ∼0.8–1.3 wt % hydrogen could reproduce both the density and compressional velocity (VP) of the Earth's outer core.
Dependence in the Collective Risk Model of an Insurance Company in Mexico

The collective risk model is defined in the actuarial literature as an important risk distribution analysis tool for insurance companies. Actuarial textbooks assume an independent behavior between the number of claims and their amount. The main objective of this paper is to show that under certain circumstances evidence of dependency between the variables studied may be found. To ascertain this objective copula functions, such as Elliptical and Archimedeans, were used. A Complaints Portfolio on the damage section of Afirme Seguros Company from Mexico City, Mexico, was analyzed. The empirical evidence found showed the existence of dependency between the number of claims and their amount, this finding contradicts what is stated in the Collective Risk Model Theory. JEL Classification: G22, D81, C15.
Financial dependence and growth during crises: when does bank efficiency really matter?

Many papers have analyzed the relationship between growth and a country's level of financial development using private credit. However, very few have used bank efficiency to gauge the development of the financial sector. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of bank efficiency on value added growth of industries that were most dependent on external financing during the financial crisis. Specifically, it uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure the efficiency of the banking sector across countries, according to the empirical strategy offered by Rajan and Zingales (1998). Our main result shows that bank efficiency relaxed credit constraints and increased the growth rate for financially dependent industries during the crisis. These findings show the importance of bank efficiency in terms of quality of the financial sector in mitigating the negative effects of financial crises on growth for industries that are most dependent on external finance.
A continuum approach to the development of normal faults

We present a mechanism for the development of normal faults based on continuum flow in brittle-plastic and ductile rheology. A rate-dependent ffect, as observed in rock friction studies, leads to strain localization. Analytical solutions in the wavenumber domain for infinitesimal perturbation theory are used to elucidate the nature of uniform extension of a brittle-plastic medium. Finite element models are then used to investigate strain localization under finite extension. We find that the fundamental mode of extensional instability controls the width of rift-like deformation zones, while higher-order wavenumbers produce secondary faulting on the rift floor. These higher order modes arise naturally for a sufficiently high thermal gradient and for a sufficient fraction of velocity-weakening. The superposition f these higher order wave numbers on the fundamental mode provides a simple physical description for the nucleation of fault structures with regular length scales as a function of the thickness of the brittle lithospheric layer.
Polarization-Driven Edge-State Transport in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

Intrinsic polarization has been demonstrated in layered structures to reduce the energy gap. Here we demonstrate that strain-induced polarization can increase energy gap and induce a metallic-to-semiconducting phase transition in zigzag nanoribbons of single-layered transitionmetal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2. This study provides a guidance for designing quantum piezotronic devices. PACS numbers: 73.20. At, 73.43. Nq, 77.22. Ej
Manipulating the size distribution of supported gold nanostructures

Gold nanostructures, with a wide size distribution, are confined between a metal foil and the oxide substrate upon which they were formed. When heated the surface energy gradient between the oxide and foil results in a net migration of gold atoms from the nanostructure to the foil. With time, the nanostructures show a size reduction and a narrowed size distribution. The narrowing results from the formation of foil contact points with only the largest nanostructures, a characteristic which leaves small nanostructures intact while consuming larger ones. Also demonstrated is the size reduction of arrayed gold structures to nanoscale dimensions.
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF THE COASTAL SOCIETY: A Case Study of Ujoeng Pacu Village, Muara Satu District, Lhokseumawe-Aceh Nirzalin

The various policies of the Indonesian government in the maritime sector have objectively succeeded in increasing the production and export value of the Indonesian fish trade in the world. The 2017 statistics, for example, show Indonesia's exports in the fisheries sector reached 979,910 tons of fish with a value of 4.09 billion US dollars. However, the amount of income in the fisheries sector only succeeded in making prosperous capital owners (toke) and contractors who obtained various infrastructure development projects. Fishermen and coastal communities actually remain in poverty. In 2017, 34% of fishermen and coastal communities were in poverty. The process of strengthening the welfare of fishermen and coastal communities can actually be done through economic empowerment programs by involving mentoring from academics across scientific disciplines. Based on the case of the empowerment of the coastal community of Ujoeng Pacu village, Lhokseumawe, this article shows the complexity of reality as well as the success of the Ujoeng Pacu community empowerment process that previously lived in the war economy and the drug economy turned into a productive economy through the cultivation of soft shell crabs and tiger shrimp with polyculture techniques.
Towards Global Radiative Energy Mapping: Integrating Scalable Computation and Earth Observation

Reliable and moderate to fine resolution estimates of radiative energy are required for mapping solar energy potentials and understanding land-atmosphere interaction as well as ecosystem water use. However, time-series data records of moderate resolution estimates of radiative energy are not available and consequently, it is challenging to develop multi-year estimates of radiation at scales that are relevant for policy and decision-making. This limitation is primarily associated with the intensive computational requirement to effectively use time-series Earth observation data. To support the retrieval of global shortwave radiation and consequent analysis of large amounts of spatiotemporal data, we integrate interactive tensor factorization and decomposition techniques with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite radiances. This approach offers unique advantages for activity characterization in spatio-temporal and multi-relational data analysis. A simplified shortwave radiation model was implemented using TensorFlow, an open source software library developed by Google for numerical computation conducting machine learning and deep neural networks research using data flow graphs. TensorFlow uses a tensor data structure to represent all data, but general enough to be applicable in a wide variety of other domains as well. Comparison with a recently released global shortwave radiation product showed that the retrieved shortwave radiation agreed well with global measurements across a wide range of sky conditions.
Retrospective Dynamic Inundation Mapping of Hurricane Harvey Flooding in the Houston Metropolitan Area Using High-Resolution Modeling and High-Performance Computing

Hurricane Harvey was one of the most extreme weather events to occur in Texas, USA; there was a huge amount of urban flooding in the city of Houston and the adjoining coastal areas. In this study, we reanalyze the spatiotemporal evolution of inundation during Hurricane Harvey using high-resolution two-dimensional urban flood modeling. This study’s domain includes the bayou basins in and around the Houston metropolitan area. The flood model uses the dynamic wave method and terrain data of 10-m resolution. It is forced by radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates. To evaluate the simulated inundation, on-site photos and water level observations were used. The inundation extent and severity are estimated by combining the retrieved water depths, images collected from the impacted area, and high-resolution terrain data. The simulated maximum inundation extent, which is frequently found outside of the designated flood zones, points out the importance of capturing multi-scale hydrodynamics in the built environment under extreme rainfall for effective flood risk and emergency management.
The Material-Experiential Asymmetry in Discounting: When Experiential Purchases Lead to More Impatience

Consumers routinely make decisions about the timing of their consumption, making tradeoffs between consuming now or later. Most of the literature examining impatience considers monetary outcomes (i.e., delaying dollars), implicitly assuming that how the money is spent does not systematically alter impatience levels and patterns. The authors propose an impatience asymmetry for material and experiential purchases based on utility duration. Five studies provide evidence that consumers are more impatient toward experiential purchases compared to material purchases and that this increased impatience is driven by whether the value is extracted over a shorter utility duration (often associated with experiential purchases) or a longer utility duration (often associated with material purchases). Thus, when an experience is consumed over a longer period of time, the results show that impatience can be diminished. Additional results show that the effect holds in both delay and expedite frames and suggest that the results cannot be explained by differences in scheduling, time sensitivity, affect, ownership, future time perspective, or future connectedness.
Malignant cardiac tumours

Neoplasms of the cardiovascular system are rare pathologies associated with non-specific signs and symptoms. Cardiac neoplasms should be considered when treating cardiac arrhythmia, Hiss-Purkinje conduction system dysfunction and ischemic syndromes. Tumours of the cardiac muscle are rhabdomyosarcomas that develop frequently in the left chambers, mainly the left ventricle. Among endovascular tumours, the most common one is the myxoma of left atrium and its variant forms. Metastatic tumours of the heart, among them the malignant melanoma, affect the right ventricle more commonly (anterior wall and septum, with invasion of the left ventricle), in the nondisseminated form. Late diagnosis results in high morbidity and mortality rates whether surgical treatment is given or not. The authors describe the case of a right ventricle melanoma patient, comparing the diagnostic approach and treatment with published data. The treatment of choice of cardiac muscle malignant tumours (both primary and metastatic) is non-conclusive according to our literature review. Due to the low incidence of this pathology, the authors suggest additional meta-analytic studies should be performed to establish diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for the malignant tumours of the heart. Descriptors: Heart neoplasm. Melanoma. Myxoma. Arrhythmia. Cardiac surgical procedures.
Attachment, Commitment, and Relationship MaintenanceWhen Partners Really Matter

Imagine two people, Tom and Sarah, who are involved in a romantic relationship. While growing up, Tom had a tumultuous and rocky relationship with his parents, both of whom paid little attention to him and neither of whom Tom felt he could ever fully please. His romantic partner, Sarah, on the other hand, had a good relationship with both of her parents. Sarah felt especially close to her parents and often sought them out for support when she needed it. When Tom and Sarah started dating, Tom did not want to replicate the difficult relationships he had with his parents, but he worried that he might not live up to Sarah’s expectations of him or their relationship. Very early in their relationship, Sarah began to sense Tom’s insecurity. She noted that he got anxious whenever she talked with other guys she knew or said anything but positive things about Tom and their relationship. When these situations occurred Tom would immediately get upset and start arguments that often resulted in hurt feelings on both sides. Recognizing this pattern and the likely sources of Tom’s insecurity, Sarah began changing how she
How Much Do Consumers Value Single-cup Coffee Brew Technology ? Assessing Market Impacts of Single-cup Brew Technology on the US Brew-At-Home Coffee Market

The introduction of single-cup coffee brew technology in the late 2000s has not only changed the way many brew-at-home coffee drinkers brew and consume coffee in daily life, i.e. a change from brewing one “pot” at a time to making one cup at a time, but also altered the overall landscape of the brew-at-home coffee market in the U.S. This paper analyses the economic impacts in the US brew-at-home coffee market associated with the introduction and growing presence of single-cup coffee brew technology. We find that a typical coffee drinker is willing to pay up to ¢2.52 extra per fluid ounce to consume brewed coffee from the single-cup brewing method instead of using the traditional auto-drip brewing method, and this marginal willingness to pay gap increases with consumers’ income level. Second, we find that both the demand and profitability of traditional auto-drip brew coffee products are substantially lower owing to the presence of single-cup brew technology coffee products. Last, our analysis reveals that consumers enjoy substantially higher welfare owing to the presence of single-cup brewing technology coffee products.