Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myopic Heuristics for the Random Yield Problem

We consider a single item periodic review inventory problem with random yield and stochastic demand. The yield is proportional to the quantity ordered, with the multiplicative factor being a random variable. The demands are stochastic and are independent across the periods, but they need not be stationary. The holding, penalty, and ordering costs are linear. Any unsatisfied demands are backlogged. Two cases for the ordering cost are considered: The ordering cost can be proportional to either the quantity ordered (e.g., in house production) or the quantity received (e.g., delivery by an external supplier). Random yield problems have been addressed previously in the literature, but no constructive solutions or algorithms are presented except for simple heuristics that are far from optimal. In this paper, we present a novel analysis of the problem in terms of the inventory position at the end of a period. This analysis provides interesting insights into the problem and leads to easily implementable and highly accurate myopic heuristics. A detailed computational study is done to evaluate the heuristics. The study is done for the infinite horizon case, with stationary yields and demands and for the finite horizon case with a 26-period seasonal demand pattern. The best of our heuristics has worst-case errors of 3.0% and 5.0% and average errors of 0.6% and 1.2% for the infinite and finite horizon cases, respectively.
The Gallery Length Filling Function and a Geometric Inequality for Filling Length

We exploit duality considerations in the study of singular combinatorial 2‐discs (diagrams) and are led to the following innovations concerning the geometry of the word problem for finite presentations of groups. We define a filling function called gallery length that measures the diameter of the 1‐skeleton of the dual of diagrams; we show it to be a group invariant and we give upper bounds on the gallery length of combable groups. We use gallery length to give a new proof of the Double Exponential Theorem. Also we give geometric inequalities relating gallery length to the space‐complexity filling function known as filling length. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 20F05 (primary), 20F06, 57M05, 57M20 (secondary).
Digitalisierung: Systematisierung der Trends im Strukturwandel - Gestaltungsaufgabe für die Wirtschaftspolitik

Die Digitalisierung ist in aller Hande. Das Smartphone hat in den vergangenen neun Jahren die private Lebensfuhrung gewaltig verandert. Jederzeit und uberall sind wir vernetzt, wir haben in Echtzeit Entscheidungsoptionen und Steuerungsmoglichkeiten. Die dahinter stehenden Hersteller der Hardware und die als Dienstleister uber Plattformen agierenden Softwareproduzenten sind die Treiber dieser Auspragung des Strukturwandels. Doch - wenngleich weniger offentlich prasent und greifbar - die digitale Transformation erfasst nicht minder intensiv die traditionellen industriellen Bereiche, das Stichwort "Industrie 4.0" steht dafur. Die politische und offentliche Diskussion uber die notwendige Steuerung dieser Transformation ist durch ein Suchen nach Ansatzpunkten ebenso gepragt wie durch lautstarke Forderungen nach gezielte Interventionen auf Basis des Wettbewerbsrechts. Dabei fallt auf, dass die verschiedenen Auspragungen der digitalen Transformation weder hinreichend differenziert noch systematisch erfasst werden. Dieser Aufgabe stellt sich der Beitrag. Es wird eine Systematik fur die digitalen Geschaftsmodelle entwickelt, um diese in verschiedenen Wirkungsbereichen analytisch zu nutzen und einen wirtschaftspolitischen Handlungsbedarf konsistent abzuleiten.
Thermal Isolation and Differential Cooling of Heterogeneously Integrated Devices

Abstract : The challenges of thermally isolating heterogeneously integrated components from one another was investigated. This work introduces the concept of microspreading resistance as a component of the thermal behavior of arrays of conductive vias. Recommendations for mitigating microspreading when it is undesirable is provided, and a formalism for incorporating it into existing equivalent thermal conductivity models of via arrays. After examining several heterogeneous integration approaches, it was determined that a segregated chiplet approach offered the most promising avenue for thermal isolation efforts.
Entender la intención de compra de los productos de comercio justo a partir de la orientación social de los consumidores y sus percepciones sobre organizaciones comercializadoras, productos y marca

La literatura previa en el ambito del comercio justo ha proporcionado unicamente resultados parciales con respecto a los antecedentes que condicionan el comportamiento de compra de estos productos por parte del consumidor. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en proponer un modelo integrador que explore las posibles relaciones entre los antecedentes de comportamiento mas explorados hasta la fecha, a fin de determinar la relevancia real de todos ellos a la hora de configurar las intenciones de compra del consumidor. Con este objetivo en mente, se propone un modelo causal para entender las intenciones de compra de productos de comercio justo a partir de la orientacion social del consumidor, su percepcion sobre las organizaciones comercializadoras y los propios productos, y la actitud hacia la marca generica. El modelo se testa empiricamente con datos recabados de una muestra de 292 consumidores espanoles. Los resultados muestran que la orientacion social del consumidor tiene el mayor efecto sobre las intenciones de compra, por encima de las caracteristicas de los propios productos, la imagen de las organizaciones comercializadoras y la actitud del consumidor hacia la marca. De hecho, la actitud hacia la marca no tiene efecto significativo sobre las intenciones de compra del consumidor.
A new model of fault current limiter using YBCO thin film

Resistive fault current limiters which consist of a YBCO film and a normal conducting film were constructed. The YBCO film was connected by indium wires to the normal conducting film in parallel at intervals of about 10 mm to increase the allowed voltage across the fault current limiter during the current-limiting operation. Current limiting experiments show that an allowed voltage across the fault current limiter during current-limiting operation of over 13 V/cm was achieved. Moreover, by combining in parallel 2 sets of 3 serially connected fault current limiters fabricated using 100 mm/spl times/10 mm YBCO film, a rated power of over 20 kVA is obtained.
The Disintegrin-like and Cysteine-rich domains of ADAM-9 Mediate Interactions between Melanoma Cells and Fibroblasts*

A characteristic of malignant cells is their capacity to invade their surrounding and to metastasize to distant organs. During these processes, proteolytic activities of tumor and stromal cells modify the extracellular matrix to produce a microenvironment suitable for their growth and migration. In recent years the family of ADAM proteases has been ascribed important roles in these processes. ADAM-9 is expressed in human melanoma at the tumor-stroma border where direct or indirect interactions between tumor cells and fibroblasts occur. To analyze the role of ADAM-9 for the interaction between melanoma cells and stromal fibroblasts, we produced the recombinant disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domain of ADAM-9 (DC-9). Melanoma cells and human fibroblasts adhered to immobilized DC-9 in a Mn2+-dependent fashion suggesting an integrin-mediated process. Inhibition studies showed that adhesion of fibroblasts was mediated by several β1 integrin receptors independent of the RGD and ECD recognition motif. Furthermore, interaction of fibroblasts and high invasive melanoma cells with soluble recombinant DC-9 resulted in enhanced expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2. Silencing of ADAM-9 in melanoma cells significantly reduced cell adhesion to fibroblasts. Ablation of ADAM-9 in fibroblasts almost completely abolished these cellular interactions and melanoma cell invasion in vitro. In summary, these results suggest that ADAM-9 expression plays an important role in mediating cell-cell contacts between fibroblasts and melanoma cells and that these interactions contribute to proteolytic activities required during invasion of melanoma cells.
Susceptibility of melanized and nonmelanized Cryptococcus neoformans to nitrogen- and oxygen-derived oxidants

Melanized Cryptococcus neoformans cells were less susceptible than nonmelanized cells to the fungicidal effects of nitrogen- and oxygen-derived oxidants. The results support the hypothesis that the phenoloxidase enzyme system contributes to virulence by protecting C. neoformans against nitrogen- and oxygen-derived oxidative antimicrobial molecules produced by immune effector cells.
Hidden fumonisin in corn flakes

Twenty-five samples of retail corn flakes (from 15 lots) were analysed for fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2). They were detected in 22 and 12 samples, respectively, at respective mean concentrations 68 and 8 ng g-1. Samples were extracted with methanol-acetonitrile-water (25:25:50) and there was an excellent correlation for FB1 between results obtained with C18 clean-up and those obtained with the immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up. After extraction of the corn flakes' residue with 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution and hydrolysis with 2 N potassium hydroxide, hidden (protein bound) fumonisin was determined as HFB1, which was found in residues from all the corn flakes samples, even those containing no detectable FB1; the average concentration of HFB1 was 101 ng g-1, equivalent to 180 ng FB1 g-1. Thus, our results showed an average of 2.6 times more FB1 present in bound form as was determined by conventional analysis. We found a correlation coefficient of -0.5034 for a logarithmic relationship between the FB1 (C18 clean-up) and HFB1 concentrations The highest concentration of HFB1 formed was 288 ng g-1 from a sample containing only 12-15 ng FB1 g-1, while the lowest concentration of HFB1 was 26 ng g-1 from a sample with 152-155 ng FB1 g-1. This low degree of correlation should be taken into account by food safety authorities in estimates of human exposure to protein bound fumonisin.
Two- versus Four-Handed Techniques for Endonasal Resection of Orbital Apex Tumors

Background Open versus endonasal resection of orbital apex (OA) tumors is generally based on tumor size, location, and pathology. For endonasal resection, two- and four-handed techniques have been reported, but whether one technique is more optimal based on these tumor features has not been evaluated. Objective To determine whether two- versus four-handed techniques result in better outcomes after endoscopic resection of OA tumors, and whether either technique is better suited for intra- versus extraconal location and for benign versus malignant pathology. Methods A retrospective review of all expanded endonasal approaches for OA tumors was performed at a single institution from 2009 to 2013. A PubMed database search was also performed to review series published on endonasal OA tumor resection. Across all the cases reviewed, the following data were recorded: two- versus four-handed techniques, intra- versus extraconal tumor location, and benign versus malignant pathology. The relationship between these variables and resection extent was analyzed by the Fisher exact test. Postoperative visual status and complications were also reviewed. Results Ten cases from the institution and 94 cases from 17 publications were reviewed. Both two- and four-handed techniques were used to resect extra-and intraconal OA tumors, for both benign and malignant pathology. Four-handed techniques included a purely endonasal approach and a combined endonasal-orbital approach. On univariate analysis, the strongest predictor of complete resection was benign pathology (p = 0.005). No significant difference was found between the extent of resection and a two- versus a four-handed technique. Visual status was improved or unchanged in 94% of cases, and other complications were rare. Conclusion Benign tumors that involve the medial extraconal and posterior inferomedial intraconal OA can be treated by either two- or four-handed endonasal techniques. Selecting two- versus four-handed techniques and endonasal versus endonasal-orbital four-handed techniques depends mainly on surgeons’ experience. Endonasal approaches for malignant OA tumors are less likely to result in complete resection.
Model-Driven Software Engineering for Virtual Machine Images Provisioning in Cloud Computing

The Cloud Computing Infastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) layer provides a service for on demand virtual machine images (VMIs) deployment. This service provides a flexible platform for cloud users to develop, deploy, and test their applications. The deployment of a VMI typically involves booting the image, installing and configuring the software packages. In the traditional approach, when a cloud user requests a new platform, the cloud provider selects an appropriate template image for cloning and deploying on the cloud nodes. The template image contains pre-installed software packages. If it does not fit the requirements, then it will be customized or the new one will be created from scratch to fit the request. In the context of cloud service management, the traditional approach faces the difficult issues of handling the complexity of interdependency between software packages, scaling and maintaining the deployed image at runtime. The cloud providers would like to automate this process to improve the performance of the VMIs provisioning process, and to give the cloud users more flexibility for selecting or creating the appropriate images while maximizing the benefits for providers intern of time, resources and operational cost. This thesis proposes an approach to manage the interdependency of the software packages, to model and automate the VMIs deployment process, to support the VMIs reconfiguration at runtime, called the Model-Driven approach. We particularly address the following challenges: (1) modeling the variability of virtual machine image configurations; (2) reducing the amount of data transfer through the network; (3) optimizing the power consumption of virtual machines; (4) easy-to-use for cloud users; (5) automating the deployment of VMIs; (6) supporting the scaling and reconfiguration of VMIs at runtime; (7) handling the complex deployment topology of VMIs. In our approach, we use Model-Driven Engineering techniques to model the abstraction representations of the VMI configurations, the deployment and the reconfiguration processes of virtual machine image. We consider the VMIs as a product line and use the feature models to represent the VMIs configurations. We also define the deployment, re-configuration processes and their factors (e.g. virtual machine images, software packages, platform, deployment topology, etc.) as the models. On the other hand, the Model-Driven approach relies on the high-level abstractions of the VMIs configuration and the VMIs deployment to make the management of virtual images in the provisioning process to be more flexible and easier than traditional approaches.
Throughput Capacity of IEEE 802.11 Many-to/From-One Bidirectional Networks With Physical-Layer Network Coding

In this paper, we investigate the throughput capacity of physical-layer network coding (PNC) in a non-all-inclusive carrier-sensing network with IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). In particular, we consider the many-to/from-one bidirectional networks in which a common center node exchanges packets with many other nodes through multihop transmissions. We first analyze the canonical networks with equal-link-length (ELL) and variable-link-length (VLL), respectively, and derive the corresponding analytical network capacity. Simulations show that the throughput capacities are reasonably tight. We further maximize the network capacity by properly selecting the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold/transmission rate through numerical calculation. Last but not least, we identify the optimal number of hops that has the maximum network throughput. In particular, the four-hop canonical networks have the maximum network throughput, which indicates that in a many-to/from-one network with five or more hops, it is preferable to transmit the packets across the four-hop nodes to make full use of the PNC scheme. Simulation results show that the throughput gain of PNC scheme with and without considering the synchronization cost can, respectively, reach upto 291.7% and 340.6%, compared with the traditional IEEE 802.11 multihop networks without network coding.
Fast MBF approach for reflectarrays analysis

A fast spectral-domain approach using Macro Basis Functions is proposed to directly obtain the reduced impedance matrix for large regular and irregular arrays with non-identical elements. The developed method is tested considering a designed reflectarray system, which consists of a large number of non-identical dipoles printed on a multilayered substrate. The computational complexity related to the reduced matrix filling time during a Method-of-Moments process is greatly reduced.
Molecular genetics of successful smoking cessation: convergent genome-wide association study results.

CONTEXT Smoking remains a major public health problem. Twin studies indicate that the ability to quit smoking is substantially heritable, with genetics that overlap modestly with the genetics of vulnerability to dependence on addictive substances. OBJECTIVES To identify replicated genes that facilitate smokers' abilities to achieve and sustain abstinence from smoking (herein after referred to as quit-success genes) found in more than 2 genome-wide association (GWA) studies of successful vs unsuccessful abstainers, and, secondarily, to nominate genes for selective involvement in smoking cessation success with bupropion hydrochloride vs nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). DESIGN The GWA results in subjects from 3 centers, with secondary analyses of NRT vs bupropion responders. SETTING Outpatient smoking cessation trial participants from 3 centers. PARTICIPANTS European American smokers who successfully vs unsuccessfully abstain from smoking with biochemical confirmation in a smoking cessation trial using NRT, bupropion, or placebo (N = 550). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quit-success genes, reproducibly identified by clustered nominally positive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than 2 independent samples with significant P values based on Monte Carlo simulation trials. The NRT-selective genes were nominated by clustered SNPs that display much larger t values for NRT vs placebo comparisons. The bupropion-selective genes were nominated by bupropion-selective results. RESULTS Variants in quit-success genes are likely to alter cell adhesion, enzymatic, transcriptional, structural, and DNA, RNA, and/or protein-handling functions. Quit-success genes are identified by clustered nominally positive SNPs from more than 2 samples and are unlikely to represent chance observations (Monte Carlo P< .0003). These genes display modest overlap with genes identified in GWA studies of dependence on addictive substances and memory. CONCLUSIONS These results support polygenic genetics for success in abstaining from smoking, overlap with genetics of substance dependence and memory, and nominate gene variants for selective influences on therapeutic responses to bupropion vs NRT. Molecular genetics should help match the types and/or intensity of antismoking treatments with the smokers most likely to benefit from them.
The complex of DNA gyrase and quinolone drugs on DNA forms a barrier to the T7 DNA polymerase replication complex.

Quinolone drugs can inhibit bacterial DNA replication, via interaction with the type II topoisomerase DNA gyrase. Using a DNA template containing a preferred site for quinolone-induced gyrase cleavage, we have demonstrated that the passage of the bacteriophage T7 replication complex is blocked in vitro by the formation of a gyrase-drug-DNA complex. The majority of the polymerase is arrested approximately 10 bp upstream of this preferred site, although other minor sites of blocking have been observed. The ability of mutant gyrase proteins to arrest DNA replication in vitro has been investigated. Gyrase containing mutations in the A subunit at either the active-site tyrosine (Tyr122) or Ser83 (a residue known to be involved in quinolone interaction) failed to halt the progress of the polymerase. A low-level, quinolone-resistant mutation in the B subunit of gyrase showed reduced blocking compared to wild-type. We have demonstrated that DNA cleavage and replication blocking occur on similar time-scales and we conclude that formation of the cleavable complex is a prerequisite for polymerase blocking. Additionally, we have shown that collision of the replication proteins with the gyrase-drug-DNA complex is not sufficient to render this complex irreversible and that further factors must be involved in processing this stalled complex.
Research on the gain coverage of boost DC/DC converting circuit voltage

The output voltage of boost DC/DC converting circuit will be increased when the duty ratio increased. Practically, when the duty ration increased to a threshold value, the output voltage will be decreased with the increasing of duty ratio. The boost DC/DC converting circuit was analyzed through state-space average method. Furthermore, it analyzed the main factors influencing boost DC/DC converting circuit voltage gain and put forward the effective working range of duty ratio of boost DC/DC converting circuit. Taking the boost circuit for example, the effective range of voltage gain of boost circuit was studied to set up the circuit for experiment. The experimental result verified the theoretical analysis result.
Efficient and Balanced Virtualized Resource Allocation Based on Genetic Algorithm in Cloud

Load balance problem has become a research hot spot problem of distributed computing field, whose objective is to ensure that each physical resource is allocated efficiently and fairly. As a typical distributed computing environment, the load balance of resource allocation in cloud computing environment is implemented by the live migration of virtual machines. A virtual machine resource provision genetic algorithm based on load balance, LB-GA is presented. Combined with the advantages of genetic algorithm, the proposed algorithm has an excellent outcome in balance of resource allocation. The simulation experimental results show that LB-GA can not only get fewer virtual machine migration amount, but also can implement load balance of cloud resource allocation. In the end, an application scenario of load balance in cloud computing environment is constructed to demonstrate the importance of our algorithm.
Enhanced codebook algorithm for fast moving object detection from dynamic background using scene visual perception

Abstract. The detection of moving objects in a video sequence is the first step in an automatic video surveillance system. This work proposes an enhancement of a codebook-based algorithm for moving objects extraction. The proposed algorithm used a perceptual-based approach to optimize foreground information extraction complexity by using a modified codebook algorithm. The purpose of the adaptive strategy is to reduce the computational complexity of the foreground detection algorithm while maintaining its global accuracy. In this algorithm, we use a superpixels segmentation approach to model the spatial dependencies between pixels. The processing of the superpixels is controlled to focus it on the superpixels that are near to the possible location of foreground objects. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared to other algorithms of the state of the art using a public dataset that proposes sequences with a dynamic background. Experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm obtained the best the frame processing rate during the foreground detection.