Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical and chemical characteristics of spent hen breast meat aged for 7 days

Consumption of poultry meat is increasing worldwide. However, little is known about the consumption and acceptability of meat from older hens and about the physical and chemical characteristics of this type of meat. This study evaluated the effect of broiler age and aging time on the physical properties, tenderness, chemical composition, and lipid profile of breast meat from broilers slaughtered at 6 (commercial age) and 70 weeks of age (broiler hens). The variables analysed were: colour, pH, water-holding capacity, cooking weight loss, shear force, total collagen, myofibrillar fragmentation index, chemical composition, total cholesterol, lipid oxidation, and fatty acid profile. Compared with commercial broilers, meat from broiler hens had higher shear force (from 33.45 N to 14.91 N after 3 days of aging), higher fat content, and lower cholesterol concentration. Additionally, it had more monounsaturated fatty acids and less polyunsaturated fatty acids than meat from commercial broilers. Collagen, fat, cholesterol levels and myofibrillar fragmentation index decreased with aging. The use of broiler hen meat as a raw material may be beneficial to the poultry industry because it has more fat and less cholesterol, higher intracellular water-holding capacity, and lower cooking loss than meat from commercial broilers. Moreover, because of the lower concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, broiler hen meat is less susceptible to lipid oxidation. Aging breast fillets for 3 days at 2°C is sufficient to tenderise the meat and reduce the amount of fat and cholesterol, suggesting that aging can be used as a technique to add value to poultry meat products.
Les Cicindèles de Thaïlande, étude faunistique (Coleoptera Cicindelidae)

Dans cet inventaire actualise de la faune de Thailande sont presentees 103 especes et sous-especes de cicindeles provenant de captures recentes. Pour chacune d'elles sont donnes : une diagnose, un dessin de l'imago et de certains details anatomiques, des renseignements sur la variabilite au sein de l'espece, une carte de repartition geographique et, quand cela est possible, des informations ecologiques. 20 nouveaux taxons y sont decrits, dont 16 especes, ce qui porte a 27 le nombre des cicindeles nouvellement connues. Une breve analyse faunistique complete ce travail.
Annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes of pristine boreal mires as a background for the lifecycle analyses of peat energy

This study was conducted to improve the estimates of C gas fluxes in boreal ombrotrophic and minerotrophic mires used in the lifecycle analysis of peat energy. We reviewed literature and collected field data from two new sites in southern Finland. In the literature, annual estimates of net CO 2 exchange varied from -85 to +67 g C m -2 a -1 for ombrotrophic mires and from -101 to +98 g C m -2 a -1 for minerotrophic mires. Correspondingly, net CH 4 flux estimates varied from less than -1 up to -16 g C m -2 a -1 and from less than -1 up to -42 g C m -2 a -1 for ombrotrophic and minerotrophic mires, respectively. Negative values indicate net efflux from the ecosystem. The modelling of C gas fluxes for the 30 simulated years clearly highlighted the need for long-term records of multiple environmental factors from the same sites, and the need for a number of improvements in the modelling of fluxes, as well as the environmental conditions driving C fluxes. The reduction of uncertainty in the background values of lifecycle analyses requires more detailed knowledge of the mire types used for peat harvesting and long-term field measurements combined with the developed process models and meteorological information. The use of C gas fluxes in pristine mires as a background for anthropogenic emissions is, however, only one option. Another option could be to consider anthropogenic emissions from the use of peat energy as such.
KURTHIA SP. : A NOVEL ECOFRIENDLY INOCULANT FOR RAPESEED (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS VAR TORIA)

Minions microbes inhabit root zone of plants. Some plants are capable of exploiting some of these microorganisms to meet their hormonal and nutritional needs. To meet the extent demand for increasing productivity of economically important plants, efforts are being made to develoI) new plant microbe associations l -4. It has been our endeavour to isolate unconventional rhizobacteria, which may enhance yield of crop plants. Among the variety of bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of wheat, isolates identified as Kurthia sp. and Bacillus sphaericus, merit attention, particularly the former being first such report. To isolate rhizobacteria, variety of nutrient media were used. Isolate B-1 . and C-l were obtained from nutrient agar supplemented with glucose. These isolates were subjected to biochemical tests for identification. Strain B-1, a Gram positive, non spore forming was able to grow at 45°C and in presence of 2.5 % NaCI. It grew well between pH 5.7-9.0, utilized lactose and citrate as sole source of carbon. A catalase positive organism strain B-1 efficiently hydrolysed urea and released ammonia from amino acids. On the basis of biochemical characteristics, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, designated strain B-1 as Kurthia sp. Strain C-l, . another Gram positive, spore forming bacterium . shared biochemical characteristics with strain B-1. However, it was unable to hydrolyse urea. Strain Col was identified as Bacillus sphearicus. Effect of seed bacterization with ' carrier based (soil:charcoal, 1 :3, 1 % w/w inoculum/seed)
Stand age, precipitation, and temperature effects on forage yield.

The effects of seasonal distribution of precipitation on forage yield are often confounded by stand age. Forage yields of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncag), green needlegrass (S@MI vir*r), created whaQrassr(A@vpyrcm dsertorra), and hltermediate pubesctnt wheatgrass (Agropyron int mnedium-trichophorum) were determined from 6 separate studies, each of 6 years duration, from 4 locations in the northern Great Plains. Stepwise multiple regression showed that forage yield of all 4 species was significantly (PCO.01) related with April and May precipitation and stand age. Forage yield of Russian wildrye was significantly (KO.05) related with April mean monthly temperature and degree days (accumulation of daily mean air temperature above a given threshold temperature) accumulated until the end of May or June; however, yields of the other 3 species were not significantly related with April, May, or June mean monthly temperatures nor degree days accumulated until the end of May or June. The highest forage yield per centimeter of precipitation occurred either the second or third year after establishment; then yield decreased asymptotically and by year 5 or 6 was only 75% of maximum for green needlegrass and 40-50% for the other grasses. Economic evaluation of seeding forages must include the itiuence of stand age on forage yield.
Cathelicidin LL-37 Promotes or Inhibits Cancer Cell Stemness Depending on the Tumor Origin

Antimicrobial peptides play critical protective roles in a range of human diseases, including cancer. Multiple studies have demonstrated functions—such as proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and immunomodulation—of these peptides in crucial cancer pathways. We investigated the role of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 on stemness in breast cancer (SKBR3) and melanoma cells (A375). PCR array analysis of differential gene expression in SKBR3 and A375 cancer cell lines downregulated for LL-37 expression by siRNA revealed downregulation of genes related to stemness, including telomerase reverse transcriptase, forkhead box D3 and undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1, remarkably in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, SKBR3 cells knocked down for LL-37 expression showed a decreased production of oncospheres in comparison with negative controls, while A375 cells exhibited increased production. Taken collectively, our findings indicate a role for LL-37 in cancer cell stemness depending on the cell type.
Identification of an Operon Involved in the Production of Lactacin B, a bacteriocin Produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus

DOBSON, ALLESON ELAINE. Identification of an operon involved in the production of Lactacin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus. (Under the direction of Professor T.R. Klaenhammer.) Lactacin B is a class II bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (Barefoot and Klaenhammer 1983). Mutational, nucleotide sequence, and transcriptional analyses revealed that the genetic determinants responsible for lactacin B regulation and production are located on a 9.5 kb polycistronic region (LBA1803-LBA1791) of the L. acidophilus NCFM chromosome. The lab operon comprised 12 putative open reading frames (ORFs) organized into three clusters: a production and regulation cluster encoding putative proteins that resemble two component signal transduction systems of the AgrCAgrA type; an export cluster encoding putative proteins that resemble ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and accessory proteins, and the final cluster composed of three putative proteins of unknown functionality. Each cluster was separated by an intrinsic terminator, the strongest terminators flanked the entire lactacin B region (∆G = -13.4kcal/mol and ∆G = -17.0kcal/mol respectively). A total of 7 genes with unknown functionality were situated in this region, each containing a double-glycine leader motif characteristic of bacteriocin structural genes and their precursors. Insertional inactivation of the gene believed to encode an ABC transporter (labT) completely abolished bacteriocin activity, implicating this region in lactacin B production. Cloning of the first four genes within this region (LBA1803-LBA1800) onto a high copy number plasmid resulted in markedly higher levels of lactacin B activity compared to the control. These ORFs encoded proteins typical to bacteriocin peptides; small, cationic peptides, each with an N-terminal double glycine leader motif. Experiments with chemically synthesized peptides revealed that LBA1800 was not inhibitory, but induced lactacin B production in broth cultures. The genetic organization of the region indicates that lactacin B production is regulated through the three component regulatory system common to many class II bacteriocin systems. IDENTIFICATION OF AN OPERON INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF LACTACIN B, A BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS by ALLESON ELAINE DOBSON A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science FOOD SCIENCE Raleigh 2005
Peanut worms (Phylum Sipuncula) from Costa Rica

The Phylum Sipuncula includes about 150 species in 17 genera, most of which are called "peanut worms". The body is peanut-shaped and divisible into a retractile introvert and a trunk (Fig. 2D). Olher species, however, exhibít more elongated bodies (Fig. 2C). S ipunculans are marine and estuarine organisms found from the intertidal zone to abyssal depths at all latitudes. Their wide range of habitats is best described by Hyman (1959): "they lead a sedentary existence in burrows in sandy, muddy, mucky, gravelly, or shelly bottoms, in clefts and interstices of rocks, in porous lava, in the holdfast tangles of k�lp, under beds of eelgrass and other vegetabon, among coralline algae, under rock, among corals, especially in the cavities in rotting coral heads or under slabs of decaying coral, in sponges, in empty shells and tubes of other animals, and in almost any p rotected situation" . A singular effort to describe and quantify terrestrial biodiversity in Costa Rica was started towards the end of the past decade (Tangley 1990). A research program to study marine biodiversity was established ten years ago at the Universidad de Costa Rica (Vargas 1988). Both efforts are a reflection of the increasing need for information on tropical ecosystems, as mankind puts more pressure on their use. As Tangley (1990) has clearIy pointed out "to make tropical biodiversity useful to society -and thus to save Ítthe first step is finding out what is there to lose". This note is an effort along thatline, and it is based on a study of a collection of sipunculan w0fl! ls deposited at the Museo de Zoologla,
Behavior of Early Generations of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Workers During Preparation of Leaf Substrate for Symbiont Fungus Gardens

Although the behavior of leaf-cutting ant workers of adult colonies has been extensively studied, little is known about the behavior of the very first generations of workers in these ecologically important ants. In order to examine whether the first generations ofAtta sexdens Linnaeus workers can gauge the needs of incipient fungus gardens in laboratory, we marked individual workers according to class size as they emerged each week in 30 colonies. We then recorded the type and frequency of the behaviors of the workers during the preparation of leaf substrate using the Scanning Sampling Method. Workers engaged in a sequence of 12 behavioral acts that included, most frequently, licking leaf fragments. Workers exhibited division of labor distinctively according to both caste and age. The results demonstrate that early generations of A. sexdens are able to perform the same behavioral acts already recorded for adult colonies of this species, suggesting that workers of incipient colonies are able to assess the needs of the fungus garden through an elaborate social organization.
Biodegradation of crude oil by using bacterial floc consortium in wastewater.

Flocculation is the dynamic processes have special advantages such as safety, strong effect, biodegradability and harmlessness to humans and the environment. Fifteen bacterial isolates obtained from waste water contaminated with oil were screened for floc formation ability, hydrophobicity, biodegradation of crude oil ability and EPS production. The results showed flocculation index by bacterial isolates namely 6E, 7E, A6 and C21 were able to produce high percentage of floc formation 31.9%, 26%, 25% and 24.9%, respectively. The hydrophobicity of the cells express as ability of adherence to crude oil was ranged from 96.5% to 91.7%. All the isolates were able to produce high amount of EPS varied from 1.1g/L to 7.7g/L. Isolate A6 showed the highest degradation of crude oil at 78.3%,whereas isolate A4, 6E and 12C only at 60.1, 57.2% and 55.3%, respectively. The isolates are combination as five groups tends to for high flocculation by exopolysaccharides and remove significant amount of crude oil by biodegradatio n. Approximately isolates (6E, A6 and A4) results revealed that there degradation percentage and flocculation index more than single isolates were 78.9% and 57.2 % respectively. On the other hand, the bacterial cells of culture consortium (CC) attached closely after seven days than 0 days this can possibly be due to ionic and hydrophobic interaction. The aim of this study is to screen bacterial isolates with the ability of producing biopolymer exopolysaccharides (EPS) to forming floc. Keyword: Bioremediation; Bacterial floc formation; Crude oil, Exopolysaccharides, Culture consortium.
Edaphic Behaviour Relation to Transition of Tillage in Wheat Rhizosphere: A Short-Term Conclusive

South and Southeast Asian countries follow a typical rice-wheat cropping system which feeds more than 20% of the world's population (Prasad and Rajendra, 2005). In India, the rice-wheat cropping system has its cultivation of around 12.5 m ha (FAO, 2019). Of the total area, rice contributes to 33% and wheat contributes to 42% of the area which is feeding nearly 75% of the population (Mahajan and Gupta, 2009). Conventional based rice-wheat cropping systems cultivation involves wet ploughing (rice) and desi or mouldboard plow (wheat) (Hobbbs et al., 2008).
Low level of inorganic orthophosphate in growth medium increases metabolism and excretion of glycolate by Chlorella vulgaris cells cultivated under air conditions

Cells of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijer were cultivated in non-synchronized cultures under atmospheric levels of O 2 and CO 2 in complete (control) or phosphorus-deficient inorganic medium. The growth of the cells, their content of soluble organic and inorganic phosphorus, photosynthetic and respiratory oxygen exchange, and glycolate concentration in the medium were assayed. Suspensions of cells from control and phosphorus-deficient cultures were prepared in fresh medium, glycolate-free or containing exogenous glycolate, and the rate of glycolate excretion under light and of glycolate uptake and metabolism in the dark were also analysed. Phosphorus deficiency resulted in lowering of phosphate content in cells, more pronounced organic than inorganic compounds, and increased glycolate level in the growth medium
Clinical signs in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum

Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.
EVOLUTION OF VIVIPARITY IN THE LIZARD GENUS SCELOPORUS

According to the cold-climate model, viviparity in squamate reptiles evolves at high elevations and latitudes. The lizard genus Sceloporus has been used to support this model; viviparous species are found at higher elevations than oviparous species. For example, in the scalaris species group, a viviparous species replaces its oviparous sister species at elevations above 3000 m. We used recent literature to evaluate four aspects of the evolution of viviparity within the genus and concluded that (1) viviparity has evolved a minimum of four times within the genus. (2) Viviparity has not evolved at high latitudes, because the oviparous species found at high latitudes lack the morphological and physiological features that facilitate prolonged egg retention, the intermediate stage between oviparity and viviparity. (3) Viviparous species have not invaded high latitudes because viviparity in Sceloporus is associated with gestation during winter months. This is a viable reproductive mode at high elevations at tropical latitudes, because ambient temperatures during the winter are similar to those in the summer. At high latitudes, in contrast, winters may be too cold to support embryogenesis, or perhaps even survival of embryos. (4) Viviparity evolved from oviparity through three major transitions. The first was the evolution of viviparity from oviparity; this transition was associated with the invasion of high elevations. The second transition was a shift from summer to winter gestation such that birth was shifted from autumn to spring. With birth in the spring, neonates are able to mature by autumn, and consequently they can produce a litter within a year of their own birth. The third transition was a shift from asynchronous reproductive cycles of males and females (mating in spring and fertilization in autumn) to synchronous reproductive cycles (mating and fertilization in the autumn).
SYNERGISTIC AND EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AND ANTIBIOTICS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic and efflux pump inhibitory activities of some important medicinal plants collected from Western Himalaya against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus to facilitate the reintroduction of therapeutically ineffective antibiotics back into clinical use. Methods: Various plant materials were extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. The dried extracts were screened for synergistic activity by well diffusion method, and efflux pump inhibitory activity for plants extracts exhibiting maximum synergism assessed by berberine uptake assay and ethidium bromide efflux inhibition assay, respectively. Results: Methanolic extract (ME) and ethyl acetate extracts (EE) of most of the plant extracts showed synergistic activity with ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, whereas an aqueous extract showed no any synergistic activity. Maximum efflux pump inhibitory activity was observed for ME of Angelica glauca followed by EE of Ficus carica. Conclusion: ME of A. glauca exhibited potentials of efflux pump inhibition, and thus can, be used as an adjuvant with antibiotics to overcome the problem of drug resistance due to efflux. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Therapeutically ineffective antibiotics, Synergistic effect, Efflux pump inhibitors.
Reconstructing a 55-million-year-old butterfly (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

The oldest butterfly fossil known, which was formed about 55 Ma in what is now Denmark, is described. The fragments of its forewing venation indicates it belongs to the Hesperiidae. Further reconstruction indicates that it fits in the Coeliadinae and is close to the extant genera Hasora and Burara. It is here described as Protocoeliades kristenseni gen. et sp. n. It is the first butterfly fossil found on a continent (Europe) where its closest relatives do not currently occur. Its position on the phylogenetic tree of the Coeliadinae and its importance in understanding the time dimension in the evolution of butterflies, and their ecological and biogeographic implications are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of ZnTe nanoparticles

In this work, we report the ZnTe semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by aqueous chemical precipitation method using the tellurium precursor solution with different zinc compounds. Three batches of ZnTe NPs were synthesized to study the effect of dilution on the size and phase purity of ZnTe. The influence of source compounds and concentrations of the size and structure of NPs were studied. ZnTe NPs have great applications as field-effect transistors and photodetectors. The existing controversy regarding the crystalline structure of ZnTe NPs, whether it is cubic or hexagonal, has been resolved using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data. The ZnTe NPs possess cubic structure, which is also confirmed by Electron Diffraction (ED) pattern. The average particle size determined from XRD data with the help of Debye-Scherrer equation is about 6 nm. The particle size can be further verified by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies.