Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Performance of Jatropha curcas Cultivated on Local Abandoned Bauxite Mine Soil

Lack of regulation in bauxite mining has caused land contamination in Malaysia. Land rehabilitation requires plants with excellent adaptability to adverse conditions. Inedible, economical viable crops with environmental co-benefits, like phytoremediation, are preferred. In this study, Jatropha curcas was evaluated for its growth performance in bauxite mine soil. Topsoil and exposed subsoil were sampled from a bauxite mine at Bukit Goh, Kuantan and used for growing J. curcas for 90 days under greenhouse conditions. The soil physicochemical properties, plant growth parameters (increase in number of leaves, plant height, and basal diameter), and oil yield were determined. The findings showed that the mine soils had lower nutrient status than unmined soil as reflected by the total C, N, P, and K values. Al, Fe, and Pb were relatively high in topsoil and subsoil. Plants grown in both mine soils recorded significantly lower increases in plant height and basal diameter but higher increases in number of leaves than that of nursery soil. Oil yield was significantly different between the plants grown in subsoil (46.54%) and topsoil (41.65%). The study demonstrated that J. curcas has the potential to be cultivated as an alternative crop in bauxite mine soil.
HvHOX9, a novel homeobox leucine zipper transcription factor, positively regulates aluminum tolerance in Tibetan wild barley

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary limiting factor of crop production on acid soils. Tibetan wild-barley germplasm is a precious source of potential genes for breeding barley with acid and Al tolerance. microRNA and RNA sequencing were performed using wild (XZ16, Al-tolerant; XZ61, Al-sensitive) and cultivated (Dayton, Al-tolerant) barley. A novel homeobox-leucine zipper transcription factor HvHOX9 was identified as a target gene of miR166b and was functionally characterized. HvHOX9 was up-regulated by Al stress in XZ16 (but unchanged in XZ61 and Dayton under Al stress) and was only significantly induced in root tip. The phylogenetic trees showed that HvHOX9 was most closely related to wheat TaHOX9 and orthologues of HvHOX9 can be found in the closest algal relatives of Zygnematophyceae (Charophyta/Streptophyta). Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) of HvHOX9 in XZ16 led to significantly increased sensitivity to Al, but did not affect its sensitivity to other metals and low pH. Disruption of HvHOX9 did not change Al concentration in the root cell sap, but led to more Al accumulation in root cell wall after Al exposure. Moreover, silencing of HvHOX9 deceased H+ influx after Al exposure. Our findings suggest that miR166b/HvHOX9 play a critical role in Al tolerance by decreasing root cell wall Al binding and increasing apoplastic pH for Al detoxification in the root. Hence, this study provides new insight into genetic basis of HvHOX9 for Al-tolerance by external detoxification in barley, and this is an innovation finding that the group Ш HD-Zip proteins are involved in Al tolerance in plants.
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTENNA DEVICE FOR PROTECTION OF RADIO COMMUNICATION CHANNELS OF UNITS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT FORCES

Safe conduct of mass events requires from law enforcement forces to protect the units’ radio communication channels, detection and suppression of counterparty control radio channel. It also requires finding and destroying single-use interference transmitters, the presence of which is a manifestation of the aggressive intentions of the crowd. This requires means using antennas with directional properties, frequency ranges of which are determined by the established standard and mass radio communications. In general, the antenna parameters of radio systems, radio intelligence, radio monitoring, suppression are different requirements. Therefore, it is difficult to implement a universal antenna for many applications and conditions. Ideal for operating an antenna can be considered one that could predictably change the properties when adding (replacing) elements (modules), the parameters of which are known and consistent with the basic (basic) design. But serial antenna of radio electronic means is finished devices and are not always amenable to improvement. So the article discusses the possibility of using improvised antennas that have adequate models, as confirmed by numerous experiments, with the main parameters whose values can be purposefully changed: frequency range, width and shape of the directionality chart, its reflector properties, etc. An addition, software for such antennas is publicly available. Considering the functional requirements, we have analyzed the designs of antennae "Radiator over a cylindrical surface", angular antennas and antennas "Radiator over a plane", characteristics of which at the same sizes are approximately the same and are calculated by the same formulas. The possibilities of angular antennas of the "open-book" type with different angles between reflectors have been investigated. To do this, analytical simulations of technical solutions suitable for use in radio communications of units of law enforcement forces were conducted. The efficiency of the proposed constructs was checked and their characteristics were determined. Thus, the proposed technical solutions for angular antenna devices are able to protect the radio communication channels of law enforcement units during mass events.
Nature of the glass transition in 2D colloidal suspensions of short rods

The glass transition, a many-body system undergoes an apparent dynamic arrest with no appearance of long-range order, is one of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics. Recently attention has been focused on the puzzling two-step transition observed in colloidal suspensions of ellipsoids. It was observed that micro nematic domains appearing with increasing packing density suggesting that such micro domains may be the structure origin of the two-step glass transition. Here we report an experimental study of monolayers of colloidal rods which exhibits a two-step glass transition with no appearance of pseudo-nematic domains. Instead, it was found that parallel and perpendicularly packed rods form local free energy minima in configurational space, separated by an activation barrier. This barrier increases significantly when rotational glass transition is approached, thereby the rotational motion is frozen while the translational one remains diffusive. We propose that the activation barrier for rotation is the key to the two-step glass transition in suspensions of rods. Such an activation barrier between well-defined local configurations holds the key to understanding the two-step glass transition in general.
Deubiquitinase enzyme STAMBP plays a broad role in both Toll-like and Nod-like receptor mediated inflammation

The innate immune system in mammals include pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which initiate immune responses to microbial infection via several mechanisms. These PRRs include cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic Nod-like receptors (NLRs) that recognizes extracellular and intracellular danger signals respectively. NLRs are poised to respond specifically to pathogens that access the host cell cytosol. The molecular mechanisms by which NLRs are activated to form inflammasomes and exert downstream inflammatory responses remain poorly understood. Additionally, very little is known about the regulation of cytosolic pathogen sensory NLR family members, except for NLRP3. Recently a deubiquitinase known as STAMBP has been implicated as a regulator of NLRP7 inflammasome assembly. We have investigated the role of STAMBP in regulation of other inflammasome components and its broader role in inflammation using genetic removal of STAMBP protein from cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and challenging these gene edited cells with an inflammatory stimuli. Our study demonstrated that STAMBP has a critical role in inflammation both in the context of NLR pathway, through NLRP stabilization and TLR pathway, through JNK signaling and downstream cytokine production. The findings indicate that STAMBP has a wider role in inflammation than previously thought to be the case.
An Experimental Study on Effects of Corrosion and Stirrups Spacing on Bond Behavior of Reinforced Concrete

The current experimental study consists of part of an extensive and ongoing research on bond behavior of RC elements damaged by corrosion, focusing on stirrups spacing effect on bonding. For this, RC specimens with different cases of stirrups spacing were casted. Accelerated corrosion was induced in order to simulate the slow process of nature corrosion on RC specimens and the corrosion damage was estimated in terms of mass loss of steel bars and average width of surface concrete cracking. Subsequently, pull-out tests were carried out to examine the bonding resistance between steel and concrete. The study indicates the great influence of density of stirrups on the percentage mass loss of the embedded reinforcing bar, accompanied by width of surface concrete cracking, as well as on bond strength between steel and concrete. The results of bond stress–slip curves show that the densification of stirrups plays a significant role in bonding, leading to higher bond strength values and delaying the degradation of bond loss as corrosion damage increases. However, it becomes apparent that, although the densification of stirrups (Φ8/60 mm) result in the full anchorage of steel-reinforcing bars, it may be inappropriate, since it can lead to a substantial increase in costs and a rapid rise in corrosion rate, due to potential increase. Furthermore, the recorded values of relative slip at bond strength are between 1 and 3 mm, regardless of corrosion damage or concrete cracking, which depends on the ribs geometry and crushing of concrete in front of them. To conclude, the results of the present manuscript indicate that the increase in transverse reinforcement (stirrups) percentage plays a key role in the durability of reinforced concrete elements and in bond strength maintenance between rebar and concrete.
Multi-frequency rhythms in activity of mixed human population in social networking sites – a preliminary study

Abstract There has been a global surge in the use of social networking sites (SNSs), like Facebook (FB) and WhatsApp (WA). Many studies have been conducted thus far highlighting the effects of use of SNSs on psychosocial behavior, but none on biological rhythms. The main aim of this study was to ascertain rhythms in intensity of FB use and WA chats as a group/population phenomenon. Of the two authors, RA has a FB account consisting of 291 friends, whereas AKP has 1031 friends at the time of this study. RA used Raipur Rockers (RR) group and AKP used BHU-MSc’77 (BHU) group from their respective WA accounts. The findings indicate the presence of multi-frequency rhythms in the intensity of online activity among the FB friends and in the frequency of chat postings among the members of the RR and BHU groups. A difference in the peak timings of activity between RR and BHU groups could be attributed to the factor, ‘age. ’ While more intensive research is warranted in this area, for the time being, the difference in the pattern of activity between young and old SNSs users might have a bearing on the success of e-business possibly through appropriate scheduling of e-advertisements.
Learning Evolutionary Stages with Hidden Semi-Markov Model for Predicting Social Unrest Events

Social unrest events are common happenings in modern society which need to be proactively handled. An effective method is to continuously assess the risk of upcoming social unrest events and predict the likelihood of these events. Our previous work built a hidden Markov model- (HMM-) based framework to predict indicators associated with country instability, leaving two shortcomings which can be optimized: omitting event participants’ interaction and implicitly learning the state residence time. Inspired by this, we propose a new prediction framework in this paper, using frequent subgraph patterns and hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs). The feature called BoEAG (Bag-of-Event-Association-subGraph) is constructed based on frequent subgraph mining and the bag of word model. The new framework leverages the large-scale digital history events captured from GDELT (Global Data on Events, Location, and Tone) to characterize the transitional process of the social unrest events’ evolutionary stages, uncovering the underlying event development mechanics and formulating the social unrest event prediction as a sequence classification problem based on Bayes decision. Experimental results with data from five main countries in Southeast Asia demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method, which outperforms the traditional HMM by 5.3% to 16.8% and the logistic regression by 11.2% to 43.6%.
Characterizing spatio-temporal variation in survival and recruitment with integrated population models

ABSTRACT Efforts to understand population dynamics and identify high-quality habitat require information about spatial variation in demographic parameters. However, estimating demographic parameters typically requires labor-intensive capture–recapture methods that are difficult to implement over large spatial extents. Spatially explicit integrated population models (IPMs) provide a solution by accommodating spatial capture–recapture (SCR) data collected at a small number of sites with survey data that may be collected over a much larger extent. We extended the spatial IPM framework to include a spatio-temporal point process model for recruitment, and we applied the model to 4 yr of SCR and distance-sampling data on Canada Warblers (Cardellina canadensis) near the southern extent of the species' breeding range in North Carolina, USA, where climate change is predicted to cause population declines and distributional shifts toward higher elevations. To characterize spatial variation in demographic parameters over the climate gradient in our study area, we modeled density, survival, and per capita recruitment as functions of elevation. We used a male-only model because males comprised >90% of our point-count detections. Apparent survival was low but increased with elevation, from 0.040 (95% credible interval [CI]: 0.0032–0.12) at 900 m to 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16–0.42) at 1,500 m. Recruitment was not strongly associated with elevation, yet density varied greatly, from <0.03 males ha–1 below 1,000 m to >0.2 males ha–1 above 1,400 m. Point estimates of population growth rate were <1 at all elevations, but 95% CIs included 1. Additional research is needed to assess the possibility of a long-term decline and to examine the effects of abiotic variables and biotic interactions on the demographic parameters influencing the species' distribution. The modeling framework developed here provides a platform for addressing these issues and advancing knowledge about spatial demography and population dynamics.
The Economic Burden of Abortion and Its Complication Treatment Cares: A Systematic Review

Objective: Abortion related procedures contribute to a significant economic burden because it resulted in prolonged hospital stays for patients. We aimed to gather available evidence on the economic burden of abortion and post-abortion complication treatment cares worldwide. Materials and methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched through November 2019. Two researchers independently conducted the quality assessment and data extraction process. The latest web-based tool adjusted the estimates of costs expressed in one specific currency and price year into a specific target currency (the year 2016 $US). Results: Totally, 2082 records were retrieved and 32 studies were deemed eligible for qualitative synthesis. The mean total costs per patient with abortion or post-abortion care ranged from $23 to $564. The annual costs ranged from 189,000 $US to 134 million $US. Conclusion: Abortion and post-abortion care impose a substantial economic burden on society. Understanding the burdensome of abortion or pregnancy termination among policymakers provides vital information and enables informed decisions to be made to establish health care priorities and allocating scarce resources.
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany Vessel Grouping in Dicotyledon Wood Vessel Grouping in Dicotyledon Wood

-A hitherto unappreciated correlation exists between nature of vessel grouping and nature of imperforate tracheary elements in wood of dicotyledons at large: families and genera with true tracheids (large fully bordered pits common on both radial and tangential walls) have solitary vessels. Presence of true tracheids as a subsidiary conductive system is hy pothesized to render vessel grouping a superfluous adaptation. Vessel group ing does occur to various degrees in taxa with fiber-tracheids or libriform fibers; the degree of grouping is related to likelihood or seriousness of vessel failure by air embolisms because of either drought or frost. Grouping of vessels is regarded as a way of providing alternate conduits whereby water can be carried in the same pathways in case one or several vessels in a group are incapacitated by air embolisms. Presence of vascular tracheids, if suffi ciently abundant, is held to be correlated with smaller degree of vessel grouping because vascular tracheids can form a subsidiary conductive sys tem; small numbers of vascular tracheids do not affect vessel grouping pat terns. Species which possess vasicentric tracheids possess a subsidiary con ductive system ideally located around vessels and have solitary vessels or else (ifvasicentric tracheids are less common) a low degree of vessel grouping. Species with very large vessels at the beginning of growth rings tend to have little grouping in the earlywood vessels but more grouping in latewood ves sels; this dimorphism is held to relate to enhanced safety oflatewood vessels, since earlywood vessels the latewood the wood portion where safety mechanisms are concentrated. Fiber-tracheids do not have sufficient conductive capabilities to form a subsidiary conductive system; borders on of fiber-tracheids lost such loss appearance of septate nucleated condi or is simultaneous with it. Relative selective of the various vessel grouping types (clusters, radial multiples, diagonal bands, tangential bands)
Data report: solid-phase major and minor elements and iron and sulfur species in sediments of the Anholt Basin, Baltic Sea collected during IODP Expedition 347

In this report, we present bulk solid-phase major and minor element contents and Fe and S species in sediments from Site M0060 in the Anholt Basin recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 347 to the Baltic Sea. Site M0060 is characterized by alternating sand- and clay-/silt-dominated sediment sequences that indicate deposition under brackish-marine and limnic conditions, respectively. We use Al-normalized elemental ratios and transition metal data to characterize the different sediment sequences and to study the impact of early diagenetic processes on the abundance and reactivity of Fe oxide and Fe sulfide mineral phases across lithologic boundaries. Ratios of Fe/Al and Mn/Al exceed the continental crustal average in the clay-/silt-dominated sequences, whereas low ratios are associated with the sandy units. About 10%–20% of the total bulk Fe content is associated with Fe oxides and Fe sulfides, whereas the major Fe fraction is bound in clay minerals. The transition metals (V, Ni, Cr, and Co) correlate with the depth profile of Fe/Al, which indicates that they are adsorbed onto Fe oxides and concomitantly deposited. Sequential leaching reveals that magnetite is the most abundant Fe oxide phase. Leached contents approach 1 wt% followed by crystalline and easily reducible Fe oxides. Pyrite is the dominant Fe sulfide phase and is enriched at several lithologic boundaries that can likely be associated with the formation of pyrite. Pyrite is formed through the reaction of Fe monosulfides with (1) polysulfides and/or S0 in zones dominated by organoclastic sulfate and Fe oxide reduction and (2) sulfide released during the anaerobic oxidation of methane.
Comprehensive test of rhizobacteria as biostimulant, vesicular arbuscular mycorhizza (VAM) and graded dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth of bok choy (Brassica rapa L.)

Collaboration test of rhizobacteria as biostimulant, vesicular arbuscular mycorhizza (VAM) and graded dose of NPK fertilizer was a preliminary experiment to re-fertilize marginal soils. The objective of this experiment was to obtain the suitable collaboration of rhizobacteria as biostimulant, VAM and NPK dose that effectively supports the productivity of the growth media (zeolite) and the growth of bok choy plants. The experiments design was RCD factorial with 2 treatments which were NPK dose (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) and microbial biostimulant. Rhizobacteria acting as biostimulant used were nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) (Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp., Rhizobium radiobacter InaCCB835), phosphate solubilization bacteria (PSB) (Serratia sp., Klebsiella variicola InaCC B827, Mangrovibacter plantisponsor InaCC B841, Tolumonas osonensis InaCCB831) and VAM. Each treatment, including control, was repeated 3 times. Bok choy seeds from each treatment were planted individually on zeolite media and grown in a greenhouse for 40 days. The results showed that the treatment of MIXN1 (NFB + PSB + VAM + NPK 25%) and MIXN2 (NFB + PSB + VAM + NPK 50%) were effective collaborations of biostimulating rhizobacteria, VAM and NPK dose on supporting the fertility of growth media with the number of rhizobacteria of 107 cfu g-1 zeolite and supporting optimization of bok choy plant growth and the percentage of bok choy root colonization by VAM with a very high level of infection.
Full Recycling of Asphalt Concrete with Waste Cooking Oil as Rejuvenator and LDPE from Urban Waste as Binder Modifier

Some research projects have studied full recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Several additives have been used to rejuvenate the RAP’s aged bitumen. The authors previously studied full recycling of RAP rejuvenated with waste cooking oil (WCO). The asphalt concrete (AC) manufactured revealed good mechanical behaviour except for rutting resistance. Therefore, they decided to also include in the asphalt mixtures low density polyethylene (LDPE) from urban waste as a low-cost polymer to improve that weak point and verify if this technique was feasible and with potential as a pavement material. A laboratory plan was conceived to evaluate the mechanical performance of two rejuvenated ACs with WCO and LDPE. Stiffness, water sensitivity, resistance to rutting and fatigue cracking were evaluated. The results showed that, despite some empirical parameters usually indicated in current specifications not being met, the performance of the studied asphalt mixtures was adequate and, thus, there are good expectations about the future use of these solutions in real pavements, particularly for low and intermediate traffic levels. Based on a global analysis of the performance observed, the main conclusion was that full recycling of AC with WCO and LDPE is feasible, and the score obtained was higher than that of a conventional AC used for comparison.