Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Olfactory sensory system develops from coordinated movements within the neural plate

Background: The peripheral olfactory sensory system arises from morphologically identifiable structures called placodes. Placodes are relatively late developing structures, evident only well after the initiation of somitogenesis. Placodes are generally described as being induced from the ectoderm suggesting that their development is separate from the coordinated cell movements generating the central nervous system. Results: With the advent of modern techniques it is possible to follow the development of the neurectoderm giving rise to the anterior neural tube, including the olfactory placodes. The cell movements giving rise to the optic cup are coordinated with those generating the olfactory placodes and adjacent telencephalon. The formation of the basal lamina separating the placode from the neural tube is coincident with the anterior migration of cranial neural crest. Conclusions: Olfactory placodes are transient morphological structures arising from a continuous sheet of neurectoderm that gives rise to the peripheral and central nervous system. This field of cells is specified at the end of gastrulation and not secondarily induced from ectoderm. The separation of olfactory placodes and telencephalon occurs through complex cell movements within the developing neural plate similar to that observed for the developing optic cup. Developmental Dynamics 243:1619–1631, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SBD.4 stimulates regenerative processes in vitro, and wound healing in genetically diabetic mice and in human skin/severe‐combined immunodeficiency mouse chimera

In search of novel angiostimulators, we performed a high‐throughput screening of medicinal plants beneficial for blood circulation. From the panel of positive hits, Angelica sinensis was selected for further investigation. Purified down to a low‐molecular‐weight fraction and characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, the material, named SBD.4A, revealed a particularly strong wound healing activity in the diabetic mouse wound‐healing model, and in the human/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse chimera wound‐healing model. In both models, SBD.4A compared favorably with the Food and Drug Administration‐approved wound‐healing drug becaplermin, suggesting that this botanical product could be a valuable treatment for difficult‐to‐heal wounds. Further high‐performance liquid chromatography fractionation of SBD.4A yielded a hydrophilic fraction, which strongly stimulated endothelial cell proliferation, tridimensional endothelial cell network formation, as well as the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and type I collagen secretion. Because angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation are essential for wound healing, we propose that this liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐defined hydrophilic fraction is at least partially responsible for the wound‐healing activity of SBD.4A.
Exclamative clauses in English and their relevance for theories of clause types

In the present study, I investigate the grammar and usage of English exclamative clauses of the type What a wonderful journey this is! and How wonderful this journey is! Building on existing research, I argue that the exclamative clause type can be motivated both syntactically and semantically/pragmatically. In the main part of my study, I offer a usage-based analysis of English exclamative clauses drawing on data from the British National Corpus and the International Corpus of English, British Component. I consider 703 tokens of what-exclamatives and 645 tokens of how-exclamatives. My analysis reveals that English exclamatives typically occur in reduced form lacking an overt verbal predicate, i.e. What a wonderful journey! or How wonderful! I provide an explanation for the predominance of reduced forms based on the semantico-pragmatic properties of exclamations. Moreover, I argue that the usage properties of exclamatives render it a marginal clause type, as it is highly infrequent and predominantly appears in non-clausal forms. Usage data point to a cline of clause types as the more appropriate approximation of reality instead of the familiar distinction between major and minor clause types.
Delirium in the Cardiovascular ICU: Exploring Modifiable Risk Factors*

Objective:Delirium, an acute organ dysfunction, is common among critically ill patients leading to significant morbidity and mortality; its epidemiology in a mixed cardiology and cardiac surgery ICU is not well established. We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors for delirium among cardiac surgery ICU patients. Design:Prospective observational study. Setting:Twenty-seven-bed medical-surgical cardiac surgery ICU. Patients:Two hundred consecutive patients with an expected cardiac surgery ICU length of stay >24 hrs. Interventions:None. Measurements:Baseline demographic data and daily assessments for delirium using the validated and reliable Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU were recorded, and quantitative tracking of delirium risk factors were conducted. Separate analyses studied the role of admission risk factors for occurrence of delirium during the cardiac surgery ICU stay and identified daily occurring risk factors for the development of delirium on a subsequent cardiac surgery ICU day. Main Results:Prevalence of delirium was 26%, similar among cardiology and cardiac surgical patients. Nearly all (92%) exhibited the hypoactive subtype of delirium. Benzodiazepine use at admission was independently predictive of a three-fold increased risk of delirium (odds ratio 3.1 [1, 9.4], p = 0.04) during the cardiac surgery ICU stay. Of the daily occurring risk factors, patients who received benzodiazepines (2.6 [1.2, 5.7], p = 0.02) or had restraints or devices that precluded mobilization (2.9 [1.3, 6.5], p < 0.01) were more likely to have delirium the following day. Hemodynamic status was not associated with delirium. Conclusions:Delirium occurred in one in four patients in the cardiac surgery ICU and was predominately hypoactive in subtype. Chemical restraints via use of benzodiazepines or the use of physical restraints/restraining devices predisposed patients to a greater risk of delirium, pointing to areas of quality improvement that would be new to the vast majority of cardiac surgery ICUs.
Synthesis of Auronol Derivatives and Their Immunostimulating Activity

The first synthesis of alphitonin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) was described. Since, the nitrile group, a strong hydrogen bond acceptor with a significant solvation shell, is considered to have capacity comparable to sugar for facilitating the cell membrane permeation of the molecules, several alphitonin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and maesopsin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside analogues were prepared by replacing glucopyranose moieties with acetonitrile groups. Immunostimulating activity evaluation on lymphocyte proliferation indicated that the compound 7 with an acetonitrile group at OH-4 of alphitonin had a strong stimulation effect on lymphocyte proliferation. Interestingly, when tested against the normal cell NIH/3T3, 7 had no inhibition even at the concentration of 100 μg/mL.
Assessing Total Fungal Concentrations on Commercial Passenger Aircraft Using Mixed-Effects Modeling

The primary objective of this study was to compare airborne fungal concentrations onboard commercial passenger aircraft at various in-flight times with concentrations measured inside and outside airport terminals. A secondary objective was to investigate the use of mixed-effects modeling of repeat measures from multiple sampling intervals and locations. Sequential triplicate culturable and total spore samples were collected on wide-body commercial passenger aircraft (n = 12) in the front and rear of coach class during six sampling intervals: boarding, midclimb, early cruise, midcruise, late cruise, and deplaning. Comparison samples were collected inside and outside airport terminals at the origin and destination cities. The MIXED procedure in SAS was used to model the mean and the covariance matrix of the natural log transformed fungal concentrations. Five covariance structures were tested to determine the appropriate models for analysis. Fixed effects considered included the sampling interval and, for samples obtained onboard the aircraft, location (front/rear of coach section), occupancy rate, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Overall, both total culturable and total spore fungal concentrations were low while the aircraft were in flight. No statistical difference was observed between measurements made in the front and rear sections of the coach cabin for either culturable or total spore concentrations. Both culturable and total spore concentrations were significantly higher outside the airport terminal compared with inside the airport terminal (p-value < 0.0001) and inside the aircraft (p-value < 0.0001). On the aircraft, the majority of total fungal exposure occurred during the boarding and deplaning processes, when the aircraft utilized ancillary ventilation and passenger activity was at its peak.
CORRELAÇÃO DO EXERCÍCIO DE AGACHAMENTO NA MELHORA DO DESEMPENHO FUNCIONAL DA MARCHA

A marcha e caracterizada pela existencia de um conjunto de mecanismos que sao considerados determinantes para sua execucao dentro de um padrao de movimento, mecanismos esses que podem ser comparados com os de exercicio de agachamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a eficacia da utilizacao do exercicio de agachamento na melhora do desempenho da marcha. A pesquisa foi realizada entre junho e julho de 2014 e trata-se de uma revisao bibliografica com o intuito de estimar as consideracoes biomecânicas envolvidas na marcha e no exercicio de agachamento enfatizando sua acao muscular, onde teve como base de dados SCIELO; GOOGLE e LILACS, alem de consultas ao acervo pessoal de livros e artigos. O agachamento e um exercicio que favorece estabilizacao em todas as articulacoes envolvidas, fornecendo ao individuo uma ampla desenvoltura musculoesqueletica, beneficiando na restauracao da funcao alterada ou nas atividades de vida diaria.
Etude de la fiabilité des transistors hyperfréquences de puissance dans une application RADAR en bande S

Depuis l'avenement des modules de puissance a etat solide dans les radars, la longueur de pulse et le rapport cyclique n'ont cesse d'augmenter afin d'accroitre les performances du radar. Ces fortes exigences de fonctionnement ont augmente la quantite de contraintes appliquees aux transistors et ont un impact direct sur leurs temps de vie. Une connaissance approfondie de cet impact est necessaire pour une meilleure estimation de la fiabilite des modules et des transistors qui la composent. C'est pour toutes ces raisons qu'une etude a ete engagee pour elaborer de nouvelles methodes d'investigations de la fiabilite des composants RF de puissance en condition de fonctionnement Radar pulse. Par consequent, ce travail presente un banc de fiabilite innovant, dedie specifiquement a des tests de vie sur des composants RF de puissance sous des conditions de pulse RF pour une application radar. Un transistor RF LDMOS a ete retenu pour nos premiers tests en vieillissement acceleres. Une caracterisation electrique complete (I-V, C-V et RF) a ete effectuee. Ainsi, un examen complet de ces parametres electriques critiques est expose et analyse. Toutes les derives des parametres electriques apres un vieillissement accelere sont etudiees et discutees. D'apres l'analyse de ces resultats, on constate que plus la temperature est basse, plus les derives des parametres electriques significatives sont imuportantes. Finalement, le mecanisme de degradation propose pour le RF LDMOS est, par consequent, la creation d'etats d'interface par les porteurs chauds (pieges). De plus, plus d'etats d'interfaces sont generes a temperature basse, en raison d'un phenomene d'ionisation par impact. C'est la raison pour laquelle les degradations electriques sont plus fortes a 10°C.
Overcoming the Barriers to the Diagnosis of Dementia

Abstract Cognitive assessment is an important skill for health care providers, particularly when considering the increasing prevalence of dementia. Studies have shown that the current diagnostic criteria for dementia are inadequate, and dementia is missed in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Screening tests, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, detect the presence of cognitive impairment but will not provide a diagnosis of dementia. The gold standard for diagnosing dementia is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. Different causes of dementia are assessed by conducting a detailed history and physical examination of the patient. Differentiating mild cognitive impairment from dementia is very important in terms of medical management, particularly in relation to treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors.
Streptococcal C5a peptidase is a highly specific endopeptidase

Compositional analysis of streptococcal C5a peptidase (SCPA) cleavage products from a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 20 C-terminal residues of C5a demonstrated that the target cleavage site is His-Lys rather than Lys-Asp, as previously suggested. A C5a peptide analog with Lys replaced by Gln was also subject to cleavage by SCPA. This confirmed that His-Lys rather than Lys-Asp is the scissile bond. Cleavage at histidine is unusual but is the same as that suggested for a peptidase produced by group B streptococci. Native C5 protein was also resistant to SCPA, suggesting that the His-Lys bond is inaccessible prior to proteolytic cleavage by C5 convertase. These experiments showed that the streptococcal C5a peptidase is highly specific for C5a and suggest that its function is not merely to process protein for metabolic consumption but to act primarily to eliminate this chemotactic signal from inflammatory foci.
Bandit contextuel pour la capture de données temps réel sur les médias sociaux

La plupart des medias sociaux offrent un acces aux flux de donnees produites par leurs utilisateurs. L'utilisation des API fournies pour collecter ces donnees, relativement a un besoin specifique, peut se reveler etre une tâche complexe car elle necessite une selection soigneuse des sources. Cela represente un probleme particulierement difficile dans les reseaux sociaux de grandes tailles etant donne le nombre important d'utilisateurs potentiellement interessants, la non-stationnarite intrinseque de leur comportement, et les restrictions d'acces aux donnees. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche permettant d'anticiper les profils les plus sus-ceptibles de publier des contenus pertinents et de selectionner un sous ensemble de comptes a chaque iteration. Nous formalisons cette tâche comme un probleme de bandit contextuel avec selections multiples. Les experimentations menees sur le reseau social Twitter montrent l'effi-cacite de notre approche dans un scenario reel.
S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase from Corynebacterium glutamicum: Cloning, Overexpression, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization

The S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase gene (sahase) was cloned from the Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13032) and sequenced. The sahase gene possesses an open reading frame, which consists of 1,434 nucleotides that encode 478 amino acids. The sahase gene from C. glutamicum was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta cells by inserting the 1,434-bp fragment downstream from the isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible promoter of the pET28a+ expression vector. The recombinant S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase from C. glutamicum (CgrSAHase) was purified efficiently by a two-step procedure, tangential ultrafiltration and affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the CgrSAHase, estimated by gel filtration, was about 210 kDa, while sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded a relative molecular mass of 52 ± 1 kDa. The Michaelis-Menten constants for the natural substrates of the enzyme, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), adenosine, and homocysteine, were determined to be 12, 1.4, and 40 µM, respectively. The overexpression of CgrSAHase was achieved at high level (>40 mg protein/g wet cells). Because of its high capacity to synthesize SAH, this enzyme is of high biotechnological interest.
VESICLE SIZE, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, STABILITY, AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LIPOSOMES COATED WITH WATER-SOLUBLE CHITOSANS OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR WEIGHTS AND CONCENTRATIONS

The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of coating with water-soluble chitosans of different molecular weights and concentrations on vesicle size, size distribution, stability, and apparent viscosity of liposomes. The results indicate that the vesicle size of liposomes coated with different concentrations and different molecular weights of water-soluble chitosans decreased with increasing passes of microfluidizing treatment, then reached a constant value. Liposomes subjected to the same microfluidization treatment were larger for those coated with a higher concentration (of the same molecular weight chitosan) or coated with a lower molecular weight (at the same concentration) of water-soluble chitosans. The average particle size of liposomes coated with different molecular weights of water-soluble chitosans decreased with increasing number of passes of microfluidizing treatment. The apparent viscosity of liposomes coated with water-soluble chitosans decreased after the first pass, then reached a constant value after the third pass of microfluidizing treatment. Apparent viscosities of liposomes subjected to different passes of microfluidization treatment were larger for those coated with a higher concentration or a higher molecular weight of water-soluble chitosans. Liposomes coated with 0.5% of different molecular weights of water-soluble chitosans behaved as pseudoplastic fluids. At the same shear rate, the apparent viscosities of liposomes subjected to more passes of microfluidizing treatment were larger than those subjected to fewer passes of microfluidizing treatment. Liposomes coated with water-soluble chitosans are more stable than those without a coating.
A 0.25μm CMOS Downconverter Mixer for 1.6GHz

This work shows the implementation of a CMOS double balanced mixer based in the Gilbert cell capable of providing high conversion gain and high linearity. The mixer includes a common mode feedback circuit to keep a fixed DC level at the output and to maintain the transistors in the saturation, since the triode operation reduces the conversion gain. It uses inductive source degeneration in the transconductance stage in order to provide impedance matching and to improve the linearity of the circuit. It also incorporates an active balun at the output to convert the differential, or balanced, signal to a single ended termination. The mixer was designed to work with an RF signal of 1.8 GHz, an LO of 1.6 GHz, thus producing an IF of 200 MHz. The circuit presents a conversion gain of 22.5 dB and an IIP3 of +2 dBm. The single sided band noise figure is 10.9 dB, input signal loss of just -35.5 dB. The power consumption is 22.5 mW for a power supply of 2.5 V
Dual-trait selection for ethanol consumption and withdrawal: genetic and transcriptional network effects.

BACKGROUND Data from C57BL/6J (B6) × DBA/2J (D2) F2 intercrosses (B6xD2 F2 ), standard and recombinant inbred strains, and heterogeneous stock mice indicate that a reciprocal (or inverse) genetic relationship exists between alcohol consumption and withdrawal severity. Furthermore, some genetic studies have detected reciprocal quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits. We used a novel mouse model developed by simultaneous selection for both high alcohol consumption/low withdrawal and low alcohol consumption/high withdrawal and analyzed the gene expression and genome-wide genotypic differences. METHODS Randomly chosen third selected generation (S3 ) mice (N = 24/sex/line), bred from a B6xD2 F2 , were genotyped using the Mouse Universal Genotyping Array, which provided 2,760 informative markers. QTL analysis used a marker-by-marker strategy with the threshold for a significant log of the odds (LOD) set at 10. Gene expression in the ventral striatum was measured using the Illumina Mouse 8.2 array. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were implemented. RESULTS Significant QTLs for consumption/withdrawal were detected on chromosomes (Chr) 2, 4, 9, and 12. A suggestive QTL mapped to Chr 6. Some of the QTLs overlapped with known QTLs mapped for 1 of the traits individually. One thousand seven hundred and forty-five transcripts were detected as being differentially expressed between the lines; there was some overlap with known withdrawal genes (e.g., Mpdz) located within QTL regions. WGCNA revealed several modules of co-expressed genes showing significant effects in both differential expression and intramodular connectivity; a module richly annotated with kinase-related annotations was most affected. CONCLUSIONS Marked effects of selection on expression and network structure were detected. QTLs overlapping with differentially expressed genes on Chr 2 (distal) and 4 suggest that these are cis-eQTLs (Chr 2: Kif3b, Kcnq2; Chr 4: Mpdz, Snapc3). Other QTLs identified were on Chr 2 (proximal), 9, and 12. Network results point to involvement of kinase-related mechanisms and outline the need for further efforts such as interrogation of noncoding RNAs.
BAG OF WORDS INVOLVING SELECTION OF TERM SETS USING APRIORI ALGORITHM IN TEXT CLASSIFICATION

Text mining area enables people to extract the relevant information from the given text. This approach is advantageous, because it allows the users to retrieve the useful information and helps to avoid unambiguity in the text. Text Mining tasks are classified as text classification, text clustering and summarization of documents. Phrases are important in the field of text mining and information retrieval. Phrases identification, classification of phrases constitute of a major importance because, phrases are constructed by means of term sets. Term sets or item sets constitute a set of two terms usually bigram. The occurrence of a term in the document can be found by means of providing binary weights. Document representation can be done with Bag of Words (BOW) model. The main motivation of this paper is that term sets are constructed by computing the frequency of each term in the corresponding document and weighting for a term is also provided. Terms sets involving adjacent pair and nonadjacent pair are taken into consideration and this is used for the classifying positive documents and negative documents. Association rule mining is used for the construction of term sets. News Group dataset was taken which consists of twenty thousand messages is one which is widely used. In this paper, first preprocessing was done by means of stop word removal and stemming. Finally, association rules are formed by using apriori algorithm and term sets are formed.
Control of Domain Structure in Artificial Ni Wires Fabricated on an LiNbO3 Substrate

We demonstrated control of magnetic domain structure formation within micro-scale polycrystalline Ni wires fabricated on a single crystalline LiNbO3 substrate. We observed the domain structures using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscopy at SPring-8 BL25SU and BL17SU. Both zebra-stripe domain and ordinary single domain structures can be formed in the Ni wire in control of alignment of the wire onto the substrate. The result suggests that magnetoelastic effects from pizoelectristic substrates can strongly influence the magnetization alignment, overwhelming their shape magnetic anisotropy. The formation of zebra-stripe domain structure can be qualitatively explained by the micromagnetic simulation under the assumption of the magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of wire. Our finding provides a way to control the domain structure and magnetization reversal using the combination of shape magnetic anisotropy and strain-induced anisotropy.