Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The analysis of healthy volunteers' exhaled breath by the use of solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS

We analysed breath and inhaled room air samples from 39 healthy volunteers (28 non-smokers, 8 smokers and 3 ex-smokers) by SPME–GC-MS. Mixed expiratory and indoor air samples were collected in freshly cleaned Tedlar bags. Eighteen millilitres of each sample were transferred into sealed, evacuated glass vials, preconcentrated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME, carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) and investigated by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). For the unequivocal identification of potential marker compounds, pure calibration mixtures of reference compounds (depending on commercial availability) were prepared to determine the retention time and mass spectra with respect to our analytical setting. Applying the adapted SPME–GC/MS method with limit of detection in the high ppb range (0.05–15.00 ppb), we succeeded in identifying altogether 38 compounds with concentrations in exhaled breath being at least 50% higher than concentration in inhaled air. From these 38 compounds, 31 were identified not only by the spectral library match but also by retention time of standards. A comparison of retention times and spectrum obtained for standards and determined compounds was performed. We found hydrocarbons (isoprene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, benzene, toluene, p-cymene, limonene, 2,4-dimethylheptane, n-butane), ketones (acetone, hydroxypropanone, methylvinyl ketone), ethers (dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane), esters (ethyl acetate), aldehydes (propanal, hexanal, heptanal, acrolein) and alcohols (ethanol, 2-metoxyethanol, isopropyl alcohol, 2,2,3,3- tetramethylcyclopropanemethanol, 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol). Proper identification of compounds in different cohorts of patients and volunteers is the base for further investigation of origin, biochemical background and distribution of potential breath biomarkers.
At 15 years of follow-up, bariatric surgery, especially when performed within the first year, is associated with diabetes remission and reduced incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications

Commentary on : Sjostrom L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with long-term remission of type 2 diabetes and with microvascular and macrovascular complications. JAMA 2014;311:2297–304. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Bariatric surgery is increasingly recognised as the gold-standard treatment for severe obesity, with long-term studies documenting substantial reduction in overall morbidity and mortality.1 ,2 In addition, an increasing number of short-term and medium-term studies show partial or full remission of type 2 diabetes in about 50% of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and they also document its superiority in improving glycaemic control compared with conventional medical treatments.3–5 However, the long-term effect of bariatric surgery on the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications remains unknown. The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is a prospective, matched cohort study conducted at 25 surgical departments and … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.volume%253D311%26rft.spage%253D2297%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2014. 5988%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F24915261%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1001/jama.2014. 5988&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=24915261&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F6%2F220.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000336972600021&link_type=ISI
Insulation Coordination for Power Systems

Specifying the insulation strength insulation strength characteristics phase-ground switching overvoltages, transmission lines phase-phase switching overvoltages, transmission lines switching overvoltages, substations the lightning flash shielding of transmission lines shielding of substations review of travelling waves the backflash station insulation co-ordination, the incoming surge the surge arrester station insulation co-ordination, BIL's and clearances line arresters inducedovervoltages contamination national electric safety code overview of line insulation co-ordination.
The MONET trial: darunavir/ritonavir with or without nucleoside analogues, for patients with HIV RNA below 50 copies/ml

Background: In virologically suppressed patients, darunavir-ritonavir (DRV/r) monotherapy could maintain virological suppression similarly to DRV/r and two nucleosides. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-six patients with HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml for over 24 weeks on current antiretrovirals [non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based (43%), or protease inhibitor-based (57%)], switched to DRV/r 800/100 mg once daily, either as monotherapy (n = 127) or with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (n = 129). Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive HIV RNA levels above 50 copies/ml (TLOVR) by week 48, or switches off study treatment. The trial had 80% power to show noninferiority for the monotherapy arm (delta = −12%). Results: Patients were 81% male and 91% Caucasian, with mean age 44 years, and CD4 cell count of 574 cells/μl. In the primary efficacy analysis, HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml by week 48 (per protocol) was 86.2 versus 87.8% in the monotherapy and triple therapy arms; by intent-to-treat switch equals failure, efficacy was 84.3 versus 85.3%; by a switch-included analysis, efficacy was 93.5 versus 95.1%: all three comparisons showed noninferior efficacy for DRV/r monotherapy. CD4 cell counts remained stable during the trial in both arms. One patient per arm showed at least one protease inhibitor mutation, and one patient in the triple therapy arm showed an NRTI mutation. Nine patients per arm discontinued randomized treatment for either adverse events or other reasons. No new or unexpected safety signals were detected. Conclusions: In this study for patients with HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml on other antiretrovirals at baseline, switching to DRV/r monotherapy showed noninferior efficacy versus triple antiretroviral therapy.
The relevance of non‐excitable cells for cardiac pacemaker function

Age‐dependent changes in the architecture of the sinus node comprise an increasing ratio between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. This change is discussed as a potential mechanism for sinus node disease. The goal of this study was to determine the mechanism through which non‐excitable cells influence the spontaneous activity of multicellular cardiomyocyte preparations. Cardiomyocyte monolayers (HL‐1 cells) or embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes were used as two‐ and three‐dimensional cardiac pacemaker models. Spontaneous activity and conduction velocity (θ) were monitored by field potential measurements with microelectrode arrays (MEAs). The influence of fibroblasts (WT‐fibs) was determined in heterocellular cultures of different cardiomyocyte and fibroblast ratios. The relevance of heterocellular gap junctional coupling was evaluated by the use of fibroblasts deficient for the expression of Cx43 (Cx43−/−‐fibs). The beating frequency and θ of heterocellular cultures depended negatively on the fibroblast concentration. Interspersion of fibroblasts in cardiomyocyte monolayers increased the coefficient of the interbeat interval variability. Whereas Cx43−/−‐fibs decreased θ significantly less than WT‐fibs, their effect on the beating frequency and the beat‐to‐beat variability seemed largely independent of their ability to establish intercellular coupling. These results suggest that electrically integrated, non‐excitable cells modulate the excitability of cardiac pacemaker preparations by two distinct mechanisms, one dependent and the other independent of the heterocellular coupling established. Whereas heterocellular coupling enables the fibroblast to depolarize the cardiomyocytes or to act as a current sink, the mere physical separation of the cardiomyocytes by fibroblasts induces bradycardia through a reduction in frequency entrainment.
FİRMA OPTİMAL SERMAYE YAPISININ BELİRLENMESİ: BORSA İSTANBUL (BIST) 100 ENDEKSİ FİNANS DIŞI FİRMALARI ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

Optimal sermaye yapisini konu alan calismalar finans alaninda giderek daha cok yer bulmaktadir. Bu calismada Borsa Istanbul (BIST) 100 endeksinde 2012-2016 doneminde islem goren 40 adet finans disi firmanin sermaye yapisi dinamikleri panel veri analizi yontemi kullanilarak incelenmistir. Bu cercevede secilen 40 firmanin finansal verilerinden hareketle bu firmalarin optimal sermaye yapisinin ne gibi degiskenlerden etkilendigi tespit edilmeye calisilmistir. Bunun icin bir adet bagimli, bes adet de bagimsiz degisken secilmistir. Bagimli degisken olarak kaldirac orani, bagimsiz degiskenler olarak ise buyume orani, ozsermaye karliligi orani, maddi aktifler orani, cari oran ve firma buyukluk orani secilmistir. Calismamizin sonuclari daha karli firmalarin daha az borc kullandigini, yani karlilik ile kaldirac orani arasinda negatif iliski oldugunu ortaya koymaktadir. Buna karsin firma buyume orani, maddi aktifler orani, cari oran ve firma buyuklugu ile kaldirac orani arasinda pozitif iliskinin varligi tespit edilmistir.
Generation of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Mouse Liver and Stomach Cells

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and human fibroblasts by the retroviral transduction of four transcription factors. However, the cell origins and molecular mechanisms of iPS cell induction remain elusive. This report describes the generation of iPS cells from adult mouse hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. These iPS cell clones appear to be equivalent to embryonic stem cells in gene expression and are competent to generate germline chimeras. Genetic lineage tracings show that liver-derived iPS cells are derived from albumin-expressing cells. No common retroviral integration sites are found among multiple clones. These data suggest that iPS cells are generated by direct reprogramming of lineage-committed somatic cells and that retroviral integration into specific sites is not required.
TMEM16A, A Membrane Protein Associated with Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel Activity

Calcium-dependent chloride channels are required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability. The molecular identity of these membrane proteins is still unclear. Treatment of bronchial epithelial cells with interleukin-4 (IL-4) causes increased calcium-dependent chloride channel activity, presumably by regulating expression of the corresponding genes. We performed a global gene expression analysis to identify membrane proteins that are regulated by IL-4. Transfection of epithelial cells with specific small interfering RNA against each of these proteins shows that TMEM16A, a member of a family of putative plasma membrane proteins with unknown function, is associated with calcium-dependent chloride current, as measured with halide-sensitive fluorescent proteins, short-circuit current, and patch-clamp techniques. Our results indicate that TMEM16A is an intrinsic constituent of the calcium-dependent chloride channel. Identification of a previously unknown family of membrane proteins associated with chloride channel function will improve our understanding of chloride transport physiopathology and allow for the development of pharmacological tools useful for basic research and drug development.
Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols

As a reliable, end-to-end transport protocol, the ARPA Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses positive acknowledgements and retransmission to guarantee delivery. TCP implementations are expected to measure and adapt to changing network propagation delays so that its retransmission behavior balances user throughput and network efficiency. However, TCP suffers from a problem we call retransmission ambiguity: when an acknowledgement arrives for a segment that has been retransmitted, there is no indication which transmission is being acknowledged. Many existing TCP implementations do not handle this problem correctly. This paper reviews the various approaches to retransmission and presents a novel and effective approach to the retransmission ambiguity problem.
Preserving Genome Integrity: The DdrA Protein of Deinococcus radiodurans R1

The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can withstand extraordinary levels of ionizing radiation, reflecting an equally extraordinary capacity for DNA repair. The hypothetical gene product DR0423 has been implicated in the recovery of this organism from DNA damage, indicating that this protein is a novel component of the D. radiodurans DNA repair system. DR0423 is a homologue of the eukaryotic Rad52 protein. Following exposure to ionizing radiation, DR0423 expression is induced relative to an untreated control, and strains carrying a deletion of the DR0423 gene exhibit increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. When recovering from ionizing-radiation-induced DNA damage in the absence of nutrients, wild-type D. radiodurans reassembles its genome while the mutant lacking DR0423 function does not. In vitro, the purified DR0423 protein binds to single-stranded DNA with an apparent affinity for 3′ ends, and protects those ends from nuclease degradation. We propose that DR0423 is part of a DNA end-protection system that helps to preserve genome integrity following exposure to ionizing radiation. We designate the DR0423 protein as DNA damage response A protein.
Molecular Biology of the Gene

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading molecular biology of the gene is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Clinical and pharmacological phase I evaluation of Exherin (ADH-1), a selective anti-N-cadherin peptide in patients with N-cadherin-expressing solid tumours.

BACKGROUND Upregulation of N-cadherin promotes dysregulated cell growth, motility, invasiveness, plus maintenance of vascular stability and is associated with cancer progression in several human tumour types. N-cadherin is expressed also on tumour cells and the anti-N-cadherin cyclic pentapeptide ADH-1, tested in the present study, can exert a direct antitumour effect. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients with advanced solid malignancies expressing N-cadherin on tumour biopsies carried out in the previous 12 months received escalating i.v. doses of ADH-1 given weekly (initially for 3 of 4 weeks, then every week). Plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) was studied at cycle 1. Blood flow changes were assessed after first dosing in all patients treated in the initial regimen. RESULTS In all, 129 patients were screened, 65 (50%) were N-cadherin positive, and 30 were enrolled. The doses ranged from 150 to 2400 mg/m(2); no maximum tolerated dose was reached. Treatment was well tolerated with asthenia as the most frequent adverse event. Two patients with ovarian cancer showed prolonged disease stabilisation while one patient with fallopian tube carcinoma achieved a mixed response. PK was linear in the range of doses tested. CONCLUSION ADH-1 is the first anti-N-cadherin compound tested in humans. In N-cadherin-positive patients, ADH-1 showed an acceptable toxicity profile, linear PK and hints of antitumour activity in gynaecological cancers.
Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology

In this multi-author work, Mettenleiter and Sobrino have compiled 10 chapters that describe what is currently known about the molecular biology of some of the most interesting viruses of veterinary importance, from the tiny circovirus of pigs (1,800 nt of single-stranded DNA) to the highly complex African swine fever virus (≈200,000 nt pairs of double-stranded DNA). It is fitting that the first chapter describes foot-and-mouth disease virus, which was the first animal virus to be described by Loeffler and Frosch, who worked in Griefswald-Insel Riems, where Mettenleiter is currently the president of the Friedrich-Loeffler Institut. All 10 chapters are written by experts in their respective fields. Mettenleiter is a coauthor for a chapter about herpesviruses, whereas Sobrino is a coauthor for one on foot-and-mouth disease virus. Polly Roy wrote a chapter about bluetongue virus, one of the major threats to the livestock industry worldwide, which recently emerged in Europe, perhaps because global warming has allowed the Culicoides vector to survive and overwinter. Another chapter is about Hendra and Nipah viruses, which are newly emerging in Southeast Asia and Australia. There are also informative chapters on arteriviruses, coronaviruses, and pestiviruses. Finally, in 1 chapter, Hans-Dieter Klenk and colleagues write about viruses of birds, including avian influenza. They discuss the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis and host range for the virus everyone fears may give rise to the next influenza pandemic. The book would have been improved by including a chapter on paramyxoviruses, of which rinderpest virus of cattle and Newcastle disease virus of birds are 2 important examples. But, overall, this compilation is excellent and is rounded off by a scholarly and provocative epilogue about animal virology by Esteban Domingo and Marian C. Horzinek. It is almost worth buying the book for these 10 pages alone.
Basic study of controlling piezoelectric motion of chiral polymeric fiber

A group of polymers whose molecular chain consists of chiral molecules that form a helical structure has recently become of major interest. For example, chiral polymers exhibit shear piezoelectricity. The complex electrically controlled motion of chiral polymer fiber, poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fiber, due to its piezoelectricity was realized, as reported in this paper.
Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes

Department of Pediatrics, Uddevalla Hospital, Uddevalla,SwedenCorresponding author:Hans-Jacob Bangstad, MDDepartment of PaediatricsOslo University HospitalUlleval˚Kirkeveien 166Oslo N-0407Norway.Tel: 0047-22118765;fax: 0047-22118663;e-mail: haba@uus. noConﬂicts of interest: RH has received lecture honoraria fromNovo Nordisk, Lilly, Sanoﬁ-Aventis, Medtronic and Roche. PJ-Chas received lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Novo-Nordisk, Sanoﬁ-Aventis, Abbott, Bayer, Medtronic and Roche.The remainingauthors have declared no potential conﬂicts. Editors of the ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guide-lines 2009 Compendium: Ragnar Hanas, Kim Donaghue,Georgeanna Klingensmith, and Peter Swift.This article is a chapter in the
The Power of IEC 61850: Bus-Transfer and Load-Shedding Applications

The new communications technology and the newly developed International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 61850 [1], for generic object-oriented substation events (GOOSE), bring many advantages to industrial protection and control applications. Some of the applications benefiting the most are those associated with the bus-transfer and load-shedding schemes, together with more beneficial communication-assisted schemes, like zone interlocking, fast bus trip, and arc-flash reduction. Some intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) are equipped with more than one high-speed Ethernet channel to transmit or receive hundreds of discrete and analog values. This offers two very big advantages over the copper-wired IEDs: 1) a single pair of network cables, either copper or fiber, can substitute for a big number of standard copper wires and 2) using two or more network channels provides very good data exchange redundancy and hence higher reliability. The savings from substituting a large number of copper wires with a communication medium like Ethernet copper twisted paired cables, or a pair of fiber-optic cables, can be easily calculated.
Stability Analysis of Legged Locomotion Models by Symmetry-Factored Return Maps

We present a new stability analysis for hybrid legged locomotion systems based on the “symmetric” factorization of return maps. We apply this analysis to two-degrees-of-freedom (2DoF) and three-degrees-of-freedom (3DoF) models of the spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) with different leg recirculation strategies. Despite the non-integrability of the SLIP dynamics, we obtain a necessary condition for asymptotic stability (and a sufficient condition for instability) at a fixed point, formulated as an exact algebraic expression in the physical parameters. We use this expression to characterize analytically the sensory cost and stabilizing benefit of various feedback schemes previously proposed for the 2DoF SLIP model, posited as a low-dimensional representation of running. We apply the result as well to a 3DoF SLIP model that will be treated at greater length in a companion paper as a descriptive model for the robot RHex.
Stationary Black Holes: Uniqueness and Beyond

The spectrum of known black-hole solutions to the stationary Einstein equations has been steadily increasing, sometimes in unexpected ways. In particular, it has turned out that not all black-hole-equilibrium configurations are characterized by their mass, angular momentum and global charges. Moreover, the high degree of symmetry displayed by vacuum and electro-vacuum black-hole spacetimes ceases to exist in self-gravitating non-linear field theories. This text aims to review some developments in the subject and to discuss them in light of the uniqueness theorem for the Einstein-Maxwell system.
The Complexity of Propositional Proofs

Propositional proof complexity is the study of the sizes of propositional proofs, and more generally, the resources necessary to certify propositional tautologies. Questions about proof sizes have connections with computational complexity, theories of arithmetic, and satisfiability algorithms. This is article includes a broad survey of the field, and a technical exposition of some recently developed techniques for proving lower bounds on proof sizes.
Message Logging: Pessimistic, Optimistic, Causal, and Optimal

Message-logging protocols are an integral part of a popular technique for implementing processes that can recover from crash failures. All message-logging protocols require that, when recovery is complete, there be no orphan processes, which are surviving processes whose states are inconsistent with the recovered state of a crashed process. We give a precise specification of the consistency property "no orphan processes". From this specification, we describe how different existing classes of message-logging protocols (namely optimistic, pessimistic, and a class that we call causal) implement this property. We then propose a set of metrics to evaluate the performance of message-logging protocols, and characterize the protocols that are optimal with respect to these metrics. Finally, starting from a protocol that relies on causal delivery order, we show how to derive optimal causal protocols that tolerate f overlapping failures and recoveries for a parameter f (1/spl les/f/spl les/n).