Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
We Know a Lot, but Not Nearly Enough: Introduction to the CJCCJ Special Issue on Desistance

Abstract:Desistance is now one of the main criminal career parameters investigated by criminologists. Similarly, practitioners working within the criminal justice system are primarily focused on ways to promote desistance among their clients. However, these two groups typically think about desistance in different ways. Practitioners are often exposed to the idea from correctional psychology that desistance is the absence of recidivism. Criminologists typically consider desistance to be a process that includes recidivism. The purpose of this special issue was to present a criminological viewpoint of desistance. Authors of each article identified an area that they felt was a key or emerging theme in desistance research. This article introduces the topic of desistance, highlights how the articles in this special issue contributed to desistance research and have implications for criminal justice system practices, and ends with a call for future research on the measurement of human agency, structural and historical contexts that influence human agency, and whether human agency moderates the relationship between informal social control and desistance. Résumé:Le désistement est maintenant l'un des principaux paramètres de carrière criminelle étudiés par les criminologues. Parallèlement, ceux qui travaillent dans le système de justice pénale mettent surtout l'accent sur la manière de promouvoir le désistement parmi leurs clients. Par contre, ces deux groupes pensent au désistement de manière différente. Ce dernier est souvent exposé à l'idée, venue de la psychologie correctionnelle, que le désistement est l'absence de récidivisme. Le premier pense généralement que le désistement est un processus qui inclut le récidivisme. Le but de ce numéro spécial était de présenter un point de vue criminologique du désistement. Les auteurs de chaque article ont identifié un sujet qu'ils considéraient comme étant un thème clé ou émergeant dans l'étude du désistement. Cet article présente le sujet de désistement; explique comment les articles dans ce numéro spécial contribuent à l'étude du désistement et ont des conséquences sur les pratiques du système de justice pénale; et se termine par un appel à de futures études sur la mesure de l'agentivité humaine, les contextes structurels et historiques qui influencent l'agentivité humaine et la question à savoir si l'agentivité humaine modère le lien entre le contrôle social informel et le désistement.
Opencc – an open Benchmark data set for Corpus Callosum Segmentation and Evaluation

Neuroimaging studies have revealed that the structural changes of the corpus callosum (CC) are evident in a variety of neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and autism. Segmentation of the CC from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain is a crucial step in the diagnosis of various brain disorders. However, the lack of open benchmark CC datasets has hindered development of CC segmentation techniques. In this work, we present an open benchmark dataset - OpenCC - for CC segmentation and evaluation. The dataset was built through alternative application of automatic segmentation and manual refinement. The automatic segmentation is based on recent advances in deep learning - fully convolutional networks, specifically U-Net, while the manual refinement is done by domain radiologists. The resulting dataset consists of 4643 mid-sagittal (or near mid-sagittal) slices and their corresponding CC masks. Furthermore, we provided some baseline segmentation results on the OpenCC dataset by using two latest deep learning segmentation approaches. The OpenCC dataset can be used for comparison and evaluation of newly developed CC segmentation algorithms. We endeavor that, through the publishing of the OpenCC dataset and baseline segmentation results, we could promote further development of CC segmentation techniques.
Tracing the origins of centrioles, cilia, and flagella

Centrioles/basal bodies (CBBs) are microtubule-based cylindrical organelles that nucleate the formation of centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. CBBs, cilia, and flagella are ancestral structures; they are present in all major eukaryotic groups. Despite the conservation of their core structure, there is variability in their architecture, function, and biogenesis. Recent genomic and functional studies insight into the evolution of the structure and function of these organelles.
Vertical Load Transfer Behavior of Composite Foundation and Its Responses to Adjacent Excavation: Centrifuge Model Test

In urban construction, more and more foundation pit excavations are adjacent to existing buildings with composite foundations. Therefore, it is necessary to study the interaction between foundation piles and supporting structures. In this article, a centrifuge model test has been carried out to study the vertical load transfer behavior of composite foundation with rigid piles and its responses to adjacent excavation. The test model was designed based on a real excavation project adjacent to an existing composite foundation. The sand pluviation method was used to build the foundation model. An in-flight excavation method and a loading device for multilevel uniform surface load were used in the test. Finally, the variations of induced axial force, pile skin friction, and pile-soil stress ratio along with the depth were investigated. Some useful conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) the negative skin friction in the upper part of piles, induced by the overlaying load, increases first and then decreases along with the depth; (2) pile-soil stress ratio decreases along with the depth under initial loads, while it increases first and then decreases when the load is larger; (3) pile-soil stress ratio always increases with loads in the same depth, indicating that mobilized skin friction of piles is continuously developed; and (4) more significant changes of the axial force, skin friction, and pile-soil stress ratio of composite foundation piles are observed in the shallow soil and for the later excavation stage. Therefore, the deformation of the foundation pit should be strictly controlled during the later excavation stages.
Ombak and octave stretching in Balinese gamelan

A primary esthetic in the performance practice of Balinese gamelan is the ombak (Indonesian for wave), which is manifest in musical form, performance, and tuning. The ombak arises in a paired tuning system in which corresponding unisons of two instruments (or instrumental groups) are tuned to slightly different frequencies, one higher and one lower, to produce beats. Pitch classes are not necessarily tuned to octaves in an exact 2:1 frequency ratio; instead, octaves are often stretched or compressed. This paper discusses the relationship between the ombak rate and octave tempering, and demonstrates that the beating rate, combined with the octave tuning strategy chosen, can be modeled using a tempering parameter that determines the amount of stretching or compression. This model is then used to analyze tuning data of nine complete gamelan.
A supervised learning approach for detecting erroneous samples in embeddings

: Visualizing multidimensional data has been a crucial task in recent years regarding the growing amount of data from various sources. To achieve this, dimensionality reduction algorithms have been used to reduce the number of dimensions for visualization of the data on a screen. However, these algorithms may fail to faithfully represent high dimensional data in lower dimensions and eventually lead to erroneous visualizations. In this work, we propose an error detection algorithm for dimensionality reduction algorithms based on recently developed error prediction algorithms for medical image registration. The proposed algorithm matches the neighborhoods of high and low dimensional data with different similarity measures and predicts the errors using a random forest classifier. The results on three datasets show that the proposed algorithm can successfully detect errors with an accuracy up to 86% and area under the curve score of 0 . 81 .
North‐west Africa as a source and refuge area of plant biodiversity: a case study on Campanula kremeri and Campanula occidentalis

North‐west Africa, because of its position at the crossroads between Macaronesia and the Iberian Peninsula, has played an important role on the emergence and maintenance of Mediterranean plant diversity. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogeographical history of a lineage of bellflowers comprising the north African‐south Iberian species Campanula kremeri and the Canarian Campanula occidentalis (Azorina‐group), to investigate the genetic imprints left by past climatic and palaeogeographical events on the northern African flora.
Considerations and experience driving expansion of combined heart–liver transplantation

Purpose of review Heart transplantation concomitant with a liver transplant may be warranted when end-stage heart failure results in irreversible liver failure. Previously reported outcomes have been excellent yet the specific immunoprotective role of the liver allograft is not known. We review the current literature about the immunologic benefit for combined heart and liver transplantation (CHLT). Recent findings The total number of combined heart and liver transplants continues to increase and accounts for approximately 25 cases per year. Familial amyloid polyneuropathy with cardiac cirrhosis is the most common indication for CHLT while adult congenital heart disease (CHD) with associated cirrhosis is increasing in frequency. The majority of recent registry data suggest a statistically equivalent to modestly improved survival advantage for CHLT compared with isolated heart transplantation. Direct mechanisms accounting for this survival advantage are not proven, but combined heart and liver transplants experience lower rates of acute cardiac rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Summary Combined heart and liver transplants remain a small percentage of the total heart transplants worldwide, but the majority of recent literature confirms the safety and viability of this option for patients with end-stage heart and liver disease. Equivalent to modestly improved survival outcomes, lower rates of acute cardiac rejection and CAV warrant further investigation into the liver allograft's immunoprotective effect on the transplanted heart. The key mechanisms of tolerogenicity have important implications for surgical technique and immunosuppression requirements. Future directions include development of criteria for heart–liver transplant candidacy and identification of equitable allocation protocols.
Exact frequency and phase control of a terahertz laser

The accuracy of high-resolution spectroscopy depends critically on the stability, frequency control, and traceability available from laser sources. In this work, we report exact tunable frequency synthesis and phase control of a terahertz laser. The terahertz laser is locked by a terahertz injection phase lock loop for the first time, with the terahertz signal generated by heterodyning selected lines from an all-fiber infrared frequency comb generator in an ultrafast photodetector. The comb line frequency separation is exactly determined by a Global Positioning System-locked microwave frequency synthesizer, providing traceability of the terahertz laser frequency to primary standards. The locking technique reduced the heterodyne linewidth of the terahertz laser to a measurement instrument-limited linewidth of <1Hz, robust against short- and long-term environmental fluctuations. The terahertz laser frequency can be tuned in increments determined only by the microwave synthesizer resolution, and the phase of the laser, relative to the reference, is independently and precisely controlled within a range ±0. 3π. These findings are expected to enable applications in phase-resolved high-precision terahertz gas spectroscopy and radiometry.
Step Increase in Eastern U.S. Precipitation Linked to Indian Ocean Warming

A step increase in annual precipitation over the eastern United States in the early 1970s commenced five decades of invigorated hydroclimate, with ongoing impacts on streamflow and water resources. Despite its far‐reaching impacts, the dynamical origin of this change is unknown. Here analyses of a century of atmospheric and oceanic data trace the dynamics to changes in the Indian Ocean. Increases in fall precipitation contribute most strongly to the step increase, and the associated mechanism is emergence of a pan‐Pacific atmospheric wave emanating from deep convection over the warming Indian Ocean. Documentation of this fall teleconnection draws attention to projected anthropogenic increases in tropical oceanic heat content and their potential impacts on hydroclimate of the midlatitudes.
Creating local sustainability indicators towards evidence-based policymaking for tourism in developing economies: Evidence from the Philippines

ABSTRACT Sustainable development of tourism destinations is deemed a critical component of the global development agenda. Among developing economies whose tourism industries have remained a significant pillar of their economic growth, translating sustainability concepts and principles into policy remains a challenge. The incorporation of sustainability in public policies requires tourism development to generate positive impacts on the environment, economy, and society through the active involvement of stakeholders. At the core of this approach is the identification and use of indicators to evaluate the sustainability of destinations. This study primarily addresses concerns on the compatibility of existing indicators with local objectives and perceptions, with an aim of identifying local indicators that evaluate the sustainability of destinations in the Philippines. This study contributes to the existing development research through the identification of local sustainability indicators that are hinged on local understanding and perceptions of sustainability. A qualitative approach was employed to capture a holistic understanding of the multiple perspectives of stakeholders regarding sustainable tourism development. Results were determined through a focus group discussion with tourists and key informant interviews involving government authorities, tourism businesses, tourism industry practitioners, and academe.
Personalized Multimodal Demarcation of Peritumoral Tissue in Glioma.

PURPOSE Gliomas are life-threatening brain tumors, and the extent of surgical resection is one of the strongest influences on survival rate. However, the proper distinction of infiltrated tissue remains elusive. The aim of this study was to use multimodal analyses to demarcate peritumoral tissue (PT) from tumoral (TT) and healthy tissue (HT). METHODS A total of 40 patients with histologically confirmed glioma were recruited. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) using the voxel-based mean blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and the corresponding structural MRI (s-MRI) alongside RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and histology results of biopsy samples obtained from PT, HT, and TT. RESULTS We demarcated a functionally defined PT area where the mean BOLD signal gradually decreased near the edge of the tumor and extended beyond the TT borders (as defined by s-MRI), which was confirmed on a case-by-case basis. Correspondingly, genetic analyses showed a gene expression pattern and mutational landscape of the PT that were distinct from that seen in HT and TT. The genetic characterization of PT relative to HT and TT converged with the MRI-defined PT zones. This was confirmed in three individual cases after additional histologic analysis. A wider PT was associated with a longer progression-free survival, which suggests PT might act as an intermediate area between TT and HT. CONCLUSION Combined multimodal imaging and genetic analyses can allow for an objective demarcation of the PT in glioma and a robust classification of the degree of infiltration of the PT. These findings could help improve both neurosurgical resection and radio-oncologic therapy.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Irrigation Intervals on the Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon var. cerasiforme)

To investigate the effects of organic fertilizers and irrigation frequencies on yield and quality of cherry tomato an experiment was conducted using six fertilizer doses including control (no fertilizer), NPK fertilizer (urea at 300 kg, TSP 200 kg and MoP 250 kg), cow-dung at 5 t ha-1, cow-dung at 10 t ha-1, poultry manure at 5 t ha-1 and poultry manure at 10 t ha-1 with two levels of irrigation frequencies including alternate day irrigation and two day interval irrigation in a split plot design with three replications. Data on yield and quality attributes of cherry tomato like plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (g), yield (t ha-1), TSS (%) and vitamin C contents (mg 100 g-1) were recorded. Results revealed that poultry manure had significant effects on the yield and quality of cherry tomato. Among the fertilizer treatments, poultry manure at 5 t ha-1 showed the best results on yield and quality of cherry tomato. On the other hand, cherry tomato showed best performance in relation to yield and quality when field was irrigated in one-day interval. It can be concluded that application of poultry litter at 5 t ha-1 in combination with one day interval result in highest yield and quality on cherry tomato.
Post-Secondary Institution Level and Control: Effect on Women’s Proportion of Entrepreneurship Degrees

This study examines the influence U.S. college/university level (2-year/4-year) and control (public/private) have on the female-awarded proportion of their entrepreneurship degrees and certificates (EDCs). It also examines trends over a decade, 2006-2016. Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) data on U.S. institutions awarding Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 52.07 (Entrepreneurship and Small Business degrees/certificates) in 2006, 2011, and/or 2016 is analyzed using ANOVA/ANCOVA/repeated measures methods. Surprisingly, even with the growing focus on female entrepreneurship, results did not show significant increases in the female-awarded proportion of EDCs over the ten years. Closer examination of 2016 data shows 2-year public institutions confer a significantly larger percentage of their EDCs to women compared to both 4-year public and private institutions providing evidence that institution level and control influence the proportion and suggesting that 4-year institutions may still be gendered in terms of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education has been empirically shown to augment entrepreneurial human and social capital, which is of key importance in entrepreneurship, particularly high-growth potential female businesses. For this reason, these results have important implications for post-secondary institution leaders and entrepreneurship educators, and serves as a call to action to pro-actively assess their environments and curriculum for potential gender biases. Suggestions provided.
Evaluation of Dicamba Persistence among Various Agricultural Hose Types and Cleanout Procedures Using Soybean (Glycine max) as a Bio-Indicator

Synthetic rubbers, synthetic plastic polymers (polyvinyl chlorides [PVC]), polyurethane blends, and polyethylene blends make up modern-day agricultural spray hoses. The objective of this study was to determine whether agricultural hose types would differ with respect to 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) sequestration. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the sequestration potential of dicamba within five agricultural hose types when cleaned with different cleanout procedures. Rinsate solutions were applied to soybean, which was used as a bio-indicator to test for cleanout efficiency. Differences among hose types and cleanout procedures exist with observations including soybean injury, height reduction, dry matter, yield, and part per million by volume (ppmv) analyte retained. The makeup of PVC polyurethane-blend and synthetic rubber–blend hoses increased retention of dicamba analyte when compared with the polyethylene blend hose. No differences were observed after the addition of ammonia to the cleanout solution when compared with water alone. Differences in a hose type's ability to sequester the dicamba analyte may have more to do with the hose's internal chemical composition, manufacturing process, and composition breakdown. Scanning electron microscopy revealed imperfections in new PVC polyurethane and synthetic rubber hoses that eventually lead to inner wall depletion of these hose types. This is in contrast to what was found in the polyethylene-blend hose type, in which the inner wall is smooth and free of imperfections. Nomenclature: dicamba; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Bacillus species as versatile weapons for plant pathogens: a review

ABSTRACT Plant pathogens are the main threat for profitable agricultural productivity. Currently, chemical-based pesticides are thought to be an effective and reliable agricultural management measure for controlling pests. Chemical pesticides are highly effective and convenient to use but they are a potential threat for the environment and all kinds of life on earth. Therefore, the use of biological control agents for the management of plant pathogens is considered as a safer and sustainable strategy for safe and profitable agricultural productivity. Bacillus-based biocontrol agents play a fundamental role in the field of biopesticides. Many Bacillus species have proved to be effective against a broad range of plant pathogens. They have been reported as plant growth promoter, systemic resistance inducer, and used for production of a broad range of antimicrobial compounds (lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes) and competitors for growth factors (space and nutrients) with other pathogenic microorganisms through colonization. The aim of this article is to present the biocontrol potential of Bacillus species in relation with their antagonizing attributes against plant pathogens. These attributes include production of lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes as well as plant growth promotion and systemic induced resistance.
Exchange Rate Pass Through Viewed from Wholesale Price in Indonesia

Received February 14, 2020 Revised from March 18, 2020 Accepted May 22, 2020 Available online September 15, 2020 This paper explores the effect of changes in exchange rates on domestic prices, known as Exchange Rate pass Through. The data used in this study are data on the economy in Indonesia in the period 1997.3 to 2017.4. The analytical tool used is multiple regression with the Error Correction model approach. Based on the results of the analysis conducted shows that the effect of the exchange rate on the wholesale price index in the long run is greater than the short run. This shows that the effect of the exchange rate on domestic prices is indirect.The foreign interest rates variabel effect to wholesale price index in the long term, while the domestic interest rates effect in the short and long term. The effect of foreign prices on the wholesale price index is much larger in the short than in the long-term. Meanwhile, the variable of foreign capital in both the short and long-term, it has a positive and significant effect on the wholesale price index.The effect domestic capital variable is different from the ones on foreign capital because in the short term the domestic capital was not significant to the wholesale price index. The effect of domestic capital on the wholesale price index was positive and significant in the long term.The effect of foreign and domestic capitals in the long term on the wholesale price was positive. It suggests that foreign and domestic capital did not substitute each other, but they were complementary. JEL classification: E22, E31, F41, F62 DOI: 10.14254/1800-5845/2020.16-3.11