Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Going beyond values versus self-interest: whose attitudes change after employment transitions?

ABSTRACT Are self-interest or presumably stable value orientations and other predispositions the main drivers behind social policy attitudes? This article contributes to this debate by moving away from its binary discussion. It differentiates between attitude changes driven by self-interest that are in line with pre-existing predispositions and those that are not. Empirically, this article focuses on changes of labour market policy attitudes after employment transitions and job insecurity changes. More precisely, this article differentiates between attitude changes within three subgroups. (A) People whose self-interest after the employment transitions reinforces their prior predispositions. (B) People without strong prior predispositions, who are thus unconstrained by them. And (C) people whose self-interest after the employment transitions contradicts their prior predispositions. Panel analyses with fixed effects use German SOEP waves from 1997 and 2002. Main effects suggest an important role for self-interest as they show significant attitudinal reactions after most of the transitions and perception changes. However, subgroup analyses result in a somewhat mixed picture. They show attitude changes within different subgroups after different transitions and perception changes. This mixed empirical picture suggests caution when interpreting attitudinal change or stability after changing material circumstances as a sign for the relative importance of self-interest or predispositions.
A Baseline for Global Weather and Climate Simulations at 1 km Resolution

In an attempt to advance the understanding of the Earth's weather and climate by representing deep convection explicitly, we present a global, four‐month simulation (November 2018 to February 2019) with ECMWF's hydrostatic Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) at an average grid spacing of 1.4 km. The impact of explicitly simulating deep convection on the atmospheric circulation and its variability is assessed by comparing the 1.4 km simulation to the equivalent well‐tested and calibrated global simulations at 9 km grid spacing with and without parametrized deep convection. The explicit simulation of deep convection at 1.4 km results in a realistic large‐scale circulation, better representation of convective storm activity, and stronger convective gravity wave activity when compared to the 9 km simulation with parametrized deep convection. Comparison of the 1.4 km simulation to the 9 km simulation without parametrized deep convection shows that switching off deep convection parametrization at a too coarse resolution (i.e., 9 km) generates too strong convective gravity waves. Based on the limited statistics available, improvements to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation or tropical precipitation are not observed at 1.4 km, suggesting that other Earth system model components and/or their interaction are important for an accurate representation of these processes and may well need adjusting at deep convection resolving resolutions. Overall, the good agreement of the 1.4 km simulation with the 9 km simulation with parametrized deep convection is remarkable, despite one of the most fundamental parametrizations being turned off at 1.4 km resolution and despite no adjustments being made to the remaining parametrizations.
Long‐term coexistence of a hybridization‐derived population of Drosophila parapallidosa with closely related Drosophila ananassae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

A 2012–13 survey on Penang Island, Malaysia, revealed the existence of both Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila parapallidosa, the latter of which carries chromosomes Y and 4 from D. ananassae and thus is of hybrid origin. We collected the flies again from the same location in 2018. The hybrid population remained present, which suggests that the D. parapallidosa of hybrid origin does not represent a mere transient population but is stable. Why do these two species coexist irrespective of gene flow? We realized that body size is generally larger in D. ananassae than in D. parapallidosa, which constitutes a new character with which to discriminate these species; previously the number of sex comb teeth was the only diagnostic trait. Character displacement was not detected, however, for those traits. We crossed these two species, which resulted in offspring that had an altered genomic constitution. The body size of D. ananassae was dominant, and the presence of chromosomes Y and 4 did not have a significant effect on body size. By contrast, the presence of chromosome 4 from D. ananassae significantly affected the number of sex comb teeth. Even flies having a genomic constitution similar to that of the Penang D. parapallidosa exhibited a number of sex comb teeth that was intermediate between the two species. We propose that the D. parapallidosa sex comb character underwent selection during evolution of the Penang Island population. Reproductive interference between the species, presumably caused by signal jamming, was detected.
Molecular characterization of some selected persimmon genotypes and cultivars by srap and ssr markers

Corresponding authors: Hasan Pinar, Erciyes University Agricultural Faculty Department of Horticulture 38300 Kayseri-Turkey, Phone: +903524371790, Fax:+903524376209, e-mail hpinarka@yahoo.com; Sezai Ercisli, Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty Department of Horticulture 25240 Erzurum-Turkey, Phone: +90 4422312599, Fax: +90 4422360958, e-mail: sercisli@gmail.com UDC 575 https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1702693P Orginal scientific paper
Exploring party change: the professionalisation of the UK’s three Green parties crossing the representation threshold

ABSTRACT Studies of political parties have evidenced a clear impetus for organisational change and professionalisation when a party crosses the representation threshold, though the process by which this change occurs remains under-researched. We use a case study of the UK’s three Green parties to provide a focused examination of the professionalisation-through-representation process. Our study finds clear evidence that all three parties have professionalised to an extent as a result of securing representation. By evaluating the empirical findings in relation to key debates within the party organisational change literature, we show that professionalisation-through-representation does not necessarily require deliberate decisions by actors across a party, it can be largely uni-directional (though in this case the Greens have maintained a relatively consistent presence in legislatures) and is shaped by institutional rules on the public provision of funding and staff as well as parties’ own origins.
Liver Cirrhosis and Intestinal Bacterial Translocation

Abstract Intestinal barrier dysfunction, facilitating translocation of bacteria and bacterial products, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis and its complications. Intestinal defense system including microbial barrier, immunologic barrier, mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal function. Under normal circumstances, the intestinal barrier can prevent intestinal bacteria through the intestinal wall from spreading to the body. Severe infection, trauma, shock, cirrhosis, malnutrition, immune suppression conditions, intestinal bacteria and endotoxin translocation, can lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The intestinal microflora is not only involved in the digestion of nutrients, but also in local immunity, forming a barrier against pathogenic microorganisms. The derangement of the gut microflora may lead to microbial translocation, defined as the passage of viable microorganisms or bacterial products from the intestinal lumen to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other extraintestinal sites. In patients with cirrhosis, primary and intestinal flora imbalance, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia is associated with weakened immunity.
Mechanical regulation of mammary epithelial branching morphogenesis

Spatial patterning of cell behaviors establishes the regional differences within tissues that collectively develop branched organs into their characteristic tree-like shapes. Although a variety of endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and extracellular matrix (ECM) signals have been implicated as global regulators of mammary epithelial branching morphogenesis, comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of pattern formation during the process is lacking. Here we show that the pattern of branching morphogenesis of threedimensional (3D) engineered mammary epithelial tissues is controlled in part by gradients of endogenous mechanical stress. We used microfabrication to build model mammary epithelial tissues of defined geometry that branched in a stereotyped pattern when induced with growth factors. We combined continuum mechanics with computational modeling, atomic force microscopy and confocal reflectance microscopy to define the experimental parameters required to directly measure the mechanical stress profile of the tissues. We found that calculating stresses accurately in these settings required accounting for cell-induced mechanical heterogeneities within the ECM. Using this technique, we measured endogenous traction forces at the epithelial surface and resolved qualitative and quantitative patterns of mechanical stress throughout the tissue. We discovered that the mechanical profile of the tissues was dictated by the epithelial geometry, with cells within certain geometric features consistently experiencing higher forces. In addition to quantifying tissue-induced
An ultralow-temperature superelastic polymer aerogel with high strength as a great thermal insulator under extreme conditions

In extremely low-temperature environments such as aerospace and polar regions, advanced elastic thermal insulation materials are urgently needed but their development is challenging, as traditional elastic insulators are completely “frozen”, lose elasticity and become brittle. Herein, we proposed a novel structural elastic strategy to create an ultralow-temperature elastic polymer aerogel with highly oriented thin nanosheets and hierarchically honeycomb-like architectures from low-cost raw materials. This approach endowed the polymer aerogel with superelasticity and high strength at liquid nitrogen temperature (−196 °C), where the aerogel can bear more than 10 000 times its weight and repeatedly recover to its original size after force removal. The underlying structural elastic mechanism was revealed by finite element simulation calculation. The resultant robust aerogel also displayed an excellent extreme-condition thermal insulation, which could maintain a pleasant interior environment with small temperature changes under harsh external environments from liquid nitrogen to fire scenarios. It combined the great features of ultralow-temperature superelasticity with high mechanical strength, excellent thermal insulation under extremely harsh conditions, fire retardancy, and performance stability. These results provide new insights and general methods for the development of advanced super-elastic polymeric insulators with high strength at ultralow temperatures.
Polikistik over sendromu tanılı hastalarda borderline kişilik bozukluğu görülme sıklığı ve agresyon ile ilişkisi

Amac: Bu calismada polikistik over sendromu (PCOS tanili hastalarda) borderline kisilik bozuklugu (BKB) gorulme sikligi ve agresyon ile iliskisinin incelenmesi amaclandi. Gerec ve Yontem: PCOS tanili hastalardan calisma kriterlerini karsilayan 88 kisi calismaya dâhil edildi. Hastalar endokrinolojik degerlendirmelerden sonra psikiyatri uzmani tarafindan degerlendirildi. DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)-IV I. Eksen Bozukluklari icin yapilandirilmis Klinik Gorusme Cizelgesi Klinik Versiyonu (SCID-I/CV), sosyodemografik veri formu, Borderline Kisilik Envanteri (BKE), Buss-Perry Saldirganlik Olcegi (BPSO) uygulandi. Bulgular: Hastalarin yas ortalamasi 22.39±3.41 idi ve %27,3’u (n=24) BKB tanisi aldi. PCOS’lu hastalardan BKB olanlarda BPSO fiziksel saldirganlik, sozel saldirganlik, ofke, dusmanlik alt olcek ve BPSO toplam puanlari BKB olmayanlara gore anlamli olarak yuksekti. Tum PCOS’lularda BKE puani arttikca BPSO alt olcek puanlari ve BPSO toplam puani artiyordu. BKB olan PCOS’lularda BKE puani arttikca BPSO sozel saldirganlik, ofke alt olcek puanlari ve toplam BPSO puani artis gosterdi. Sonuc: Calismanin sonuclari PCOS’ a yuksek oranlarda BKB ek tanisinin eslik ettigini gostermektedir. Her iki tablonun bir arada olmasi, tek basina PCOS varligina gore agresyon puanlarinin anlamli olarak daha yuksek olmasi ile sonuclanmistir. PCOS tanili hastalarda tedaviye BKB tedavisinde etkili olabilen psikofarmakolojik ve psikoterapotik yaklasimlari eklemek tedavinin basarisini artirabilir.
An efficient method for sorting and quantifying individual social traits based on group‐level behaviour

In social contexts, animal behaviour is often studied in terms of group‐level characteristics. One clear example of this is the collective motion of animals in decentralized structures, such as bird flocks and fish schools. A major goal of research is to identify how group‐level behaviours are shaped by the traits of individuals within them. Few methods exist to make these connections. Individual assessment is often limited, forcing alternatives such as fitting agent‐based models to experimental data. We provide a systematic experimental method for sorting animals according to socially relevant traits, without assaying them or even tagging them individually. Instead, they are repeatedly subjected to behavioural assays in groups, between which the group memberships are rearranged, in order to test the effect of many different combinations of individuals on a group‐level property or feature. We analyse this method using a general model for the group feature, and simulate a variety of specific cases to track how individuals are sorted in each case. We find that in the case where the members of a group contribute equally to the group feature, the sorting procedure increases the between‐group behavioural variation well above what is expected for groups randomly sampled from a population. For a wide class of group feature models, the individual phenotypes are efficiently sorted across the groups and thus become available for further analysis on how individual properties affect group behaviour. We also show that the experimental data can be used to estimate the individual‐level repeatability of the underlying traits. Our method allows experimenters to find repeatable variation in social behaviours that cannot be assessed in solitary individuals. Furthermore, experiments in animal behaviour often focus on comparisons between groups randomly sampled from a population. Increasing the behavioural variation between groups increases statistical power for testing whether a group feature is related to other properties of groups or to their phenotypic composition. Sorting according to socially relevant traits is also beneficial in artificial selection experiments, and for testing correlations with other traits. Overall, the method provides a useful tool to study how individual properties influence social behaviour.
Exploring a Convection–Diffusion–Reaction Model of the Propagation of Forest Fires: Computation of Risk Maps for Heterogeneous Environments

The propagation of a forest fire can be described by a convection–diffusion–reaction problem in two spatial dimensions, where the unknowns are the local temperature and the portion of fuel consumed as functions of spatial position and time. This model can be solved numerically in an efficient way by a linearly implicit–explicit (IMEX) method to discretize the convection and nonlinear diffusion terms combined with a Strang-type operator splitting to handle the reaction term. This method is applied to several variants of the model with variable, nonlinear diffusion functions, where it turns out that increasing diffusivity (with respect to a given base case) significantly enlarges the portion of fuel burnt within a given time while choosing an equivalent constant diffusivity or a degenerate one produces comparable results for that quantity. In addition, the effect of spatial heterogeneity as described by a variable topography is studied. The variability of topography influences the local velocity and direction of wind. It is demonstrated how this variability affects the direction and speed of propagation of the wildfire and the location and size of the area of fuel consumed. The possibility to solve the base model efficiently is utilized for the computation of so-called risk maps. Here the risk associated with a given position in a sub-area of the computational domain is quantified by the rapidity of consumption of a given amount of fuel by a fire starting in that position. As a result, we obtain that, in comparison with the planar case and under the same wind conditions, the model predicts a higher risk for those areas where both the variability of topography (as expressed by the gradient of its height function) and the wind velocity are influential. In general, numerical simulations show that in all cases the risk map with for a non-planar topography includes areas with a reduced risk as well as such with an enhanced risk as compared to the planar case.
Evaluating Human Threats to Three Canid Species of the Brazilian Cerrado

EVALUATING HUMAN THREATS TO THREE CANID SPECIES OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO Stacie M. Bickley, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2016 Dissertation Director: Dr. Elizabeth Freeman The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), are three canid species that are sympatric in the Brazilian Cerrado. In some areas in central Brazil, more than 80% of the Cerrado ecosystem has been converted into agricultural fields and pasturelands over the last 40 years. Wildlife species living in such a human-dominated landscape are exposed to several factors that can have a detrimental effect on their survival. The overall aim of this research was to use the hoary fox as a model species to understand how canids are coping, both behaviorally and physiologically, to a severely human-altered environment. More specifically, I: 1) investigated patterns in foraging, vigilance, and competition within a human-dominated landscape; 2) assessed the broader physiological condition of the study population through validating a fecal glucocorticoid (corticosterone) and thyroid (T3) enzyme immunoassays for this species; and 3) determined the physiological response to specific human disturbance variables by combining fecal hormone analyses with Geographical Information System (GIS). I also measured local attitudes, knowledge, and domestic fowl management practices to identify sources for human-canid conflicts. The results from this study revealed that hoary foxes were vigilant of their environment, responding to both natural and human-derived stimuli, and exchanged foraging opportunities for vigilance. Fecal enzyme immunoassays for the hoary fox were validated. Findings show that fecal thyroid metabolite output experience seasonal and reproductive state variation associated with food availability. Fecal glucocorticoid output, on the other hand, did not vary throughout the study period regardless of sex, season, reproductive state, and thyroid levels. The home range of Cerrado canids overlapped with ranch houses, railroads, and roads; however, glucocorticoid metabolite levels were not associated with proximity to these anthropogenic disturbance factors. Local ranchers’ knowledge of Cerrado canid species was limited and predation of domestic fowl was a strong predictor of attitudes. Despite these predation events, the majority of the respondents agreed that Cerrado canids should be protected. An educational initiative focused on increasing local knowledge about wildlife and suggesting livestock management improvements will be fundamental in any attempt to reduce conflicts with Cerrado canids. Further, the resulting data will be used in establishing the most appropriate management strategies to ensure sustainable conservation of these species.
Phytochemical profile and biological potential of mulberry teas (Morus nigra L.).

Black mulberry is the most medicinally important plant of the genus Morus. This study examines the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of mulberry leaves tea. The tea drinks were prepared in water (70, 80, 90 ° C and boiling temperature). This study has shown that mulberry teas have high antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Experimental investigation has shown that the best conditions for preparing mulberry tea are with boiling water. Mulberry teas could be regarded as a promising source of bioactive natural compounds, which can be used both as a food supplement and herbal remedy.
Self-efficacy in relation to weight preoccupation and body-dissatisfaction among adolescents females

The present study was designed to investigate the self-efficacy in relation to weight preoccupation and body image dissatisfaction among adolescent females. The sample comprises 30 females aged between 12-15 years studying in grade 6-8. Self Efficacy Scale (Wister et al., 2009) and Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (Ranson et al., 2005) were used. Co relational analysis was done. The result indicates significant negative correlation between self-efficacy and body dissatisfaction. Whereas, no significant relationship was found in self-efficacy and weight preoccupation.
Analysis of Audit Opinion of Financial Statements From State Institutions: Indonesia Empirical Study, Period 2012-2017

This study aims to compare the results of BPK's opinion on the financial statements of state institutions against the quality of implementation of state institutions during 2012-2017. The results showed that the quality of LKKL presentation had improved throughout the 2012-2017 period. Improving the quality of financial reporting of state institutions can be seen from the increasing number of entities that obtain Unqualified Opinion and the tendency to reduce the number of the institution that obtain Qualified Opinion and Disclaimer opinions. Improving the quality of financial reporting shows that local government entities have been able to present their financial reports correctly and in accordance with applicable principles. In addition, good financial reporting can also be an indication that the entity has a good performance in accordance with the target that has been committed.