Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Platelet Transfusion in Leukemia and Aplastic Anemia

Hemorrhage resulting from thrombocytopenia in patients with acute leukemia and aplastic anemia can be controlled by platelet transfusions. Severe gross hemorrhage was rarely observed when platelet counts were higher than 20,000 per cu. mm. Transfusion of 1 × 1011 platelets produced an average increment of 12–14,000 platelets per cu. mm. /square meter (m2) of body surface in acute leukemia. One unit of platelet rich plasma (PRP) contains an average of 1 × 1011 platelets and 4 PRP/m2 twice weekly will maintain the platelets above 20,000 per cu. mm. most of the time. When very large doses of platelets are required in a small volume then platelet concentrates (PC), prepared by centrifuging PRP and removing most of the plasma, are used. PC are 80 to 90 per cent as effective as PRP in elevating the platelet count if prepared from plasma with a pH of 6.8 or less, achieved by the addition of citric acid.
Two melodies in concert: Transcatheter double‐valve replacement

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation has been established as a valuable treatment option for elder children and adolescents with conduit failure in the right ventricular outflow tract. Transcatheter valve implantation in the tricuspid position is restricted to single case reports. A 26‐year‐old male initially diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries hitherto underwent a total of five open chest procedures including tricuspid valve replacement with a bioprosthesis and a pulmonary homograft exchange. He now presented with severe right heart failure due to a degenerated pulmonary homograft and calcified, severely stenotic tricuspid bioprosthesis with markedly dilated and reduced right ventricular function. We report on the first successful percutaneous transcatheter double‐valve replacement using two Melody valves in the pulmonary and tricuspid position, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Incidence of Root Resorption of Vital Permanent Teeth

Orthodontic therapy was instituted without any great fear of dire consequences until the report by Ketcham in 1929 which showed a rather high incidence of root resorption on vital permanent teeth. As a result of Ketcham's investigations, it was revealed that root resorption occurred in about 1 per cent of cases that were never subjected to orthodontic treatment and that the number of cases rose to 21 per cent during or following orthodontic therapy. More recently, Rudolph (1936) reported that the incidence of root resorption was as high as 74 per cent during or following orthodontic treatment, and in 1940 he reported that even this high incidence was often exceeded. The attempts to explain the etiology of this manifestation have been varied: Marshall claimed that it is due to dietetic disturbances. Becks believed that it is due to endocrine disturbances. Oppenheim accused the shapes of the roots of certain teeth. With this apparent disagreement there has been a prevailing concept both among the professions and the laity that root resorption is something over which the orthodontist has no control and it is one of the inevitable dangers incidental to orthodontic therapy. It was the desire to allay fear in this connection and also the desire to study the etiology of root resorption that led to this investigation. A study of the manner of growth of the jaws and tissue changes incidental to tooth movement led to the conclusion, as reported by the writer in 1937, that horizontal movements of the apex in bone predispose the tooth to root resorption. As was explained at that time, in accordance with the findings of Oppenheim, when a gentle intermittent force is used, the tooth becomes a one-armed lever with the
Community-Based Participatory Research in Developing an Obesity Intervention in a Rural County

This research includes a study of body mass index (BMI) measurement for 11-year-old students (n = 174) within a rural county during the 2005–2006 academic year. School entry assessments were used to determine students' individual BMIs longitudinally and determine prevalence of risk of overweight (weighted for gender and age). Results were provided to county school districts and communities, which used the data to determine policy and curriculum changes related to school wellness program planning and development, develop wellness activities, and pursue funding support. This study has implications for data collection and school health program development within a rural setting.
XL Variation in sire fertility

Abstract Average conception rate (C.R. = 49-day non-return rate) from semen of 12 bulls in one region was 68.3% compared with 59.8%, for the same in another region. C.R. differences between the regions were less for sires of above-average fertility than for below-average sires. C.R. increased by 0.14% per day in one region and by 0.17% per day in another region from early September to mid December, accounting for over 40% of variation in C.R. s for individual collections. Sire differences in fertility accounted for only 9% of variation in one region and 17% in the other. Records for 51 208 inseminations using semen from 19 sires were classified into: cows diagnosed in oestrus before or during an evening milking on the day before insemination (p.m. cows); and cows diagnosed before or during the morning milking on the day of insemination (a.m. cows). Almost all cows were inseminated between 8.00 a.m. and 12 noon. C.R. s were highest when a.m. cows were inseminated with semen from sires of above-average fertil.
Barriers to and Interventions for Improved Tuberculosis Detection and Treatment among Homeless and Immigrant Populations: A Literature Review

Tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide have declined over the last 10 years, but strong barriers to detection and treatment of TB still exist, especially among 2 special subgroups of low-income populations, immigrants and the homeless, where the incidence of TB can be up to 20 times higher than the general population even in affluent countries. A systematic review of literature was performed, aimed at identifying the main (1) barriers to and (2) effective interventions for the improved detection and treatment of TB in homeless and immigrant populations. Data were collected from 22 studies out of 80 potentially relevant citations worldwide published between 1998 and 2012. Key findings show that hard-to-reach groups like immigrants and the homeless seem willing to obtain care if they believe it is important, but any new detection/treatment efforts must go beyond current bio-medical models to bio-psychosocial models of the target populations’ cultural values. Preliminary results also suggest that the best interventions for the homeless and immigrant populations will be a combination of, at least, monetary incentive and improved accessibility of care.
An Interactive Deformation System for Granular Material

Computer Graphics (CG) animations of natural phenomena are currently widely used for movies and in video games. Granular materials occur widely in nature, and therefore it is necessary that CG animations represent ground surfaces composed of a granular material as well as model deformations when the granular material comes into contact with other physical rigid objects (called solid objects). In this paper, we propose a deformation algorithm for ground surfaces composed of granular material. The deformation algorithm is divided into three steps: (1) detection of the collision between a solid object and the ground surface, (2) displacement of the granular material and (3) erosion of the material at steep slopes. The proposed algorithm can handle solid objects of various shapes, including concave polyhedra by additionally using a layered data structure called the Height Span Map. Furthermore, a texture sliding technique is presented to render the motion of granular materials. In addition, our implementation of the deformation algorithm can be used at interactive frame rates.
How gold is the gold standard? How gold does it need to be?

Remarkable progress has been made in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) over the last two decades. The key to this success has been rapid reperfusion, in particular primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Fundamental to this process is the recognition of electrocardiographic changes related to acute coronary occlusion [1]. Rokos et al. correlate the results of the ECG and angiographic core labs from 3,602 STEMI patients enrolled in the HORIZONS-AMI trial in an attempt to provide insights into ECG patterns of ‘‘acute coronary occlusion’’ [2]. The authors focus on six specific areas: (1) the frequency of ST segment elevation by lead according to infarct related artery, (2) the prevalence of reciprocal changes, (3) the prevalence of borderline STEMI, and the frequency of patients enrolled with (4) true posterior MI, (5) left main occlusion, and (6) left bundle branch block. This study confirms the performance of ‘‘sentinel’’ leads, V2/V3 for left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion, and III for right coronary artery/circumflex occlusion and the value of reciprocal changes when present. Not a single patient with a true posterior infarct was enrolled and patients with left main occlusion or left bundle branch block were much less frequent than expected.
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Health and Disease: Insights From Dermatopathology

Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases, a group of over 26 zinc-dependent enzymes, share a similar structure to each other and functionally are capable of degrading almost every component of the extracellular matrix. They are essential to normal development during embryogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling and, given this, understandably enough have been implicated in multiple pathologic processes that encompass the inflammatory and neoplastic spectrum of disease. This review attempts to define roles of matrix metalloproteinases of relevance in normal skin and to elucidate their roles in inflammatory dermatoses and benign and malignant neoplasms.
Rheumatoid Factors and their Biological Significance

This is a delightful, discursive, and well-d series of essays reviewing various aspects o pathology and cyto-physiology of osteoarth the author's own work lies primarily in the perimental and comparative pathology, these degenerative joint disease, which in the past rather neglected, are particularly well tr4 detailed analyses of other aspects of arthrit disturbances in cartilage, collagen, and ground are very well written. Again, the chapters mechanics" and the role of "systematic fi likely, by reason of their practical implicatioi particular interest to surgeons and physicians Sokoloff's monograph is in fact an expar earlier essay published in 1963, and does not a comprehensive. His analysis, for example, of the vertebrae is rather a light-weight efforl difficult these days for most workers to matcl ience ofhuman disease acquired by careful and participation in necropsies by Schmorl in Dr Landells and Collins at the London Hospital respectively. Collins' monograph on joint dise among the best in the field. Sololoff's approach is more detached, a extent has its own particular merits. He i writing a review, presenting as he puts it "a for systematic research". The obscurity of within this frame is apparent enough in one conclusions (p. 23): "The pathological findings in osteoarthrit of plastic remodelling and abrasion of the jo and constitute clear evidence that mechan influence the development of the lesion. TI a disturbance of an internally interacting s in this reviewer's judgement, no single pc recognized from them as the initial or cent the pathological process. " This is a frank if rather confusing admis does reflect Sokoloff's ability to view dis his own experimental work and that of oi would hope that in the future he will dev developing and justifying his own working to writing as it were an apologia rather than a would be of even greater value to research the field of joint disease. ,. By LEON iversity of
Multi‐scale Geometric Modeling of Ambiguous Shapes with : oleranced Balls and Compoundly Weighted α‐shapes

Dealing with ambiguous data is a challenge in Science in general and geometry processing in particular. One route of choice to extract information from such data consists of replacing the ambiguous input by a continuum, typically a one‐parameter family, so as to mine stable geometric and topological features within this family. This work follows this spirit and introduces a novel framework to handle 3D ambiguous geometric data which are naturally modeled by balls.
Stroke Correspondence Construction Using Manifold Learning

Stroke correspondence construction is a precondition for generating inbetween frames from a set of key frames. In our case, each stroke in a key frame is a vector represented as a Disk B‐Spline Curve (DBSC) which is a flexible and compact vector format. However, it is not easy to construct correspondences between multiple DBSC strokes effectively because of the following points: (1) with the use of shape descriptors, the dimensionality of the feature space is high; (2) the number of strokes in different key frames is usually large and different from each other and (3) the length of corresponding strokes can be very different. The first point makes matching difficult. The other two points imply ‘many to many’ and ‘part to whole’ correspondences between strokes. To solve these problems, this paper presents a DBSC stroke correspondence construction approach, which introduces a manifold learning technique to the matching process. Moreover, in order to handle the mapping between unequal numbers of strokes with different lengths, a stroke reconstruction algorithm is developed to convert the ‘many to many’ and ‘part to whole’ stroke correspondences to ‘one to one’ compound stroke correspondence.
A review of environmental contamination during outbreaks of Norwalk-like virus

Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) commonly cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis in hospitals and can result in major disruption of services. It is considered that contamination of the environment can be a cause of transmission and prolonged or recurring outbreaks. In order to control outbreaks it is important to establish the role of environmental contamination in transmission and the decontamination measures required to prevent this. A review of available evidence is described, showing that despite evidence of environmental contamination with NLV during outbreaks, its presence remains unproven as a cause of prolonged or recurring outbreaks. Evidence suggests that the virus might survive for at least 12 days in carpets and 21-28 days in a dried state at room temperature. NLV has been detected from swabs taken from a variety of sources, including lockers, commodes, toilets, door handles, soft furnishings, frequently handled items and horizontal surfaces below and above 1.5 metres. Expert opinion suggests that carpets should be steam cleaned and curtains should be changed following outbreaks. Hypochlorite 1000 ppm is recommended for disinfecting hard surfaces. Further research of environmental contamination and decontamination activities is required.
Comparison of effect of intraarticularly delivered levobupivacaine morphine and tramadol combinations on postoperative analgesia following arthroscopic knee surgery.

OZET Objective: We compared the effects of intraarticularly administered levobupivacaine, morphine and tramadol combinations used for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. Material and Methods: Sixty six patients who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery were divided randomly into three groups as follows. Patients in group L received 100 mg levobupivacaine, group LM received 100 mg levobupivacaine+10 mg morphine, and group LT received 100 mg levobupivacaine + tramadol via intraarticular route 10 minutes before tourniquet deflation. Visual analog scores were recorded at 5th, 10th, 30th, and 60th minutes, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours, and on 3rd and 7th postoperative days. Additional analgesic was administered to patients whom VAS was ≥5. Results: No difference was found regarding demographic and hemodynamic data. Postoperative analgesia was found to be effective in all of the groups. There was no difference when comparing postoperative hemodynamic parameters and sedation levels between the groups. The groups were also statistically similar regarding additional analgesia requirements. Conclusion: We concluded that administration of levobupivacaine alone, levobupivacaine plus morphine, and levobupivacaine plus tramadol intraarticularly during arthroscopic knee surgery provided effective postoperative analgesia.
n vitro resistance development for RO-0335 , a novel diphenylether onnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are important components of current combination therapies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, their low genetic barriers against resistance development, cross-resistance and serious side effects can compromise the benefits of the first generation compounds in this class (efavirenz and nevirapine). To study potential pathways leading to resistance against the novel diphenylether NNRTI, RO-0335, sequential passage experiments at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) were performed to solicit a stepwise selection of resistance mutations. Two pathways to loss of susceptibility to RO-0335 were observed,
Clinical, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound results of the VestSaync II trial

We sought to assess the long term efficacy of the novel VESTAsync™ Eluting Stent (VES) combining a Cro‐Co platform with a nanothin‐microporous hydroxyapatite surface coating impregnated with a polymer‐free low‐dose of Sirolimus (55 μg).
TandemHeart placement for cardiogenic shock in acute severe mitral regurgitation and right ventricular failure

We report a case of a patient with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) due to infective endocarditis with preserved left ventricular systolic function complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and cardiogenic shock. He was evaluated by cardiothoracic surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR). It appeared that the high pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) had been chronic with acute worsening, thus raising concerns that it may not promptly reverse after MVR, putting him at high risk for postoperative RV failure and increasing the risk of mortality. A TandemHeart (TH) percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) was placed with improvement in hemodynamics following which MVR was done. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the preoperative use of the TH pVAD in severe acute MR for hemodynamic stabilization in preparation for MVR. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PREDICTION OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE AORTIC DIAMETER ACCORDING TO THE THROMBUS SIGNAL FROM MR IMAGES ON SMALL ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS

We have studied T1 and T2 weighted MR images of thrombus from examination of patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms in order to know whether the thrombus signal can be linked with the aortic diameter enlargement, and then could predict rupture risk of the aorta wall. Data were obtained from 16 patients with Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (SAAA) who had been examined since July 2006 to January 2010 with MR Images. Several parameters were used to study the thrombus signal, such as mean, median, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. Each parameter was calculated for the thrombus area, and the signal in the muscle was used to normalize the mean, median and standard deviation of signal in thrombus. After then, those parameters were compared with evolution of the aortic diameter. 13 of the 16 patient with SAAA had a thrombus. Unfortunately there were no correlations between thrombus signals with the evolution of the aortic diameter (R often less than 0.3). But some parameter show links between thrombus signal and maximum diameter (mean (R=0.318)), median (R=0.318), skewness (R=0.304)) or with ∆ maximum diameter (mean (R=0.512)). We cannot use thrombus signal alone as the parameter to predict the evolution of the aortic diameter. This study is the first step of our overall study. In the next step, we will use blood flow velocity with 3D/4D modelisation on the aortic aneurysm as a comparison parameter for predicting the rupture risk of the aortic wall. Moreover, relationship between flow data and thrombus will be studied.
Para-(benzoyl)-phenylalanine as a potential inhibitor against LpxC of Leptospira spp.: homology modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics study

Leptospira interrogans, a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen is the main cause of human leptospirosis. Lipid A is a highly immunoreactive endotoxic center of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that anchors LPS into the outer membrane of Leptospira. Discovery of compounds inhibiting lipid-A biosynthetic pathway would be promising for dissolving the structural integrity of membrane leading to cell lysis and death of Leptospira. LpxC, a unique enzyme of lipid-A biosynthetic pathway was identified as common drug target of Leptospira. Herein, homology modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to discover potential inhibitors of LpxC. A reliable tertiary structure of LpxC in complex with inhibitor BB-78485 was constructed in Modeller 9v8. A data-set of BB-78485 structural analogs were docked with LpxC in Maestro v9.2 virtual screening workflow, which implements three stage Glide docking protocol. Twelve lead molecules with better XP Gscore compared to BB-78485 were proposed as potential inhibitors of LpxC. Para-(benzoyl)-phenylalanine – that showed lowest XP Gscore (−10.35 kcal/mol) – was predicted to have best binding affinity towards LpxC. MD simulations were performed for LpxC and para-(benzoyl)-phenylalanine docking complex in Desmond v3.0. Trajectory analysis showed the docking complex and inter-molecular interactions was stable throughout the entire production part of MD simulations. The results indicate para-(benzoyl)-phenylalanine as a potent drug molecule against leptospirosis. An animated Interactive 3D Complement (I3DC) is available in Proteopedia at http://proteopedia.org/w/Journal:JBSD:10
Movies and the medical profession

O ver a 5-year period, the Internal Medicine Student Interest Group of the Mayo Medical School, in cooperation with the Mayo Center for Humanities in Medicine, ran an evening movie series. The goal was to combine education and entertainment, at the same time promoting medical professionalism. The audience was composed of students of medicine and other disciplines, Mayo employees, as well as retired faculty members and the local citizens of Rochester. The average attendance was 60, with a range of 38–92, depending on the topic and time of year. Medically themed movies and documentaries were selected as starting points for discussion. Films were chosen as being well crafted examples of disease and its affect on patients, others for the depiction of professionalism and some for sheer entertainment value. Fortified with popcorn or other movie treats, the audience would subsequently rate the movie, and discussion would ensue. In this article we discuss the selection and preparation for a film screening, as well as The goal was to combine education and entertainment Practical teaching