Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resposta de diferentes populações de Digitaria insularis ao herbicida glyphosate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical control of different sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) populations by the herbicide glyphosate through dose-response curves, besides considering alternative treatments to control tolerant populations. A randomized block design was used with four replications, in a factorial scheme (5 x 9). Sourgrass seeds were colleted from five locations: a grain production area located at the educational, research and production farm of UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP; a grain production area located in the agricultural area of Campo Florido, MG, and Rio Verde, GO; citrus production area located in the agricultural area of Matao, SP, and an area without previous glyphosate application (Jaboticabal-SP). Glyphosate (0D, 1/4D, 1/2D, D, 2D, 4D and 8D, where D is the recommended rate of 1.5 kg ha-1 of acid equivalent) and its associations [glyphosate plus fluazifop-p-butyl (1.5 plus 0.25 kg ha-1) and glyphosate (1.5 kg ha-1) in sequence with diuron plus paraquat (0.20 plus 0.40 kg ha-1 plus 0.2% of surfactant)] were sprayed on the 7-8 tiller plants with average height of 20 cm. Campo Florido, MG and Rio Verde, GO sourgrass populations were considered susceptible; those of Jaboticabal-SP and Matao,SP were found to be tolerant and those from the nonagricultural area were considered of intermediate sensitivity. The association of glyphosate with fluazifop, or its application in sequence with diuron plus paraquat, were efficient in the control of sourgrass tolerant populations.
Molar microwear pattern and palaeoecology of ungulates from La Berbie (Dordogne, France): environment of Neanderthals and modern human populations of the Middle/Upper Palaeolithic

This study contributes to the characterization of the environment of the Middle/Upper Palaeolithic transition in southwestern France through the reconstruction of ungulate diets. Molar microwear analysis is used to characterize the diets of herbivorous mammals from La Berbie. The data for this study were collected through examination of molar facets using white‐light confocal microscopy. The results for 22 fossil specimens (representing four species) are compared with those of 59 living ruminants. Microwear variables of living specimens are used in a principal components analysis. Extinct species are then added to the analysis. Results show that Bison priscus has a microwear signature similar to that of grazers, whereas Rangifer tarandus shares characteristics with both browsers and grazers. The specimens of Equus caballus and Rupicapra rupicapra also display microwear patterns similar to those of grazers. While previous studies have shown an abundance of both C3 plants and herbaceous dicots, the present microwear analysis of fossil herbivores indicates that their last meals contained abrasive graminoids. The results suggest that during the Middle/Upper Palaeolithic transition the habitat of Neanderthals and modern human populations in southwestern France was an open environment dominated by a rich C3‐monocot herbaceous layer.
TUSAGA-Aktif Noktaları Kullanılarak Bölgesel TEC Değerinin Belirlenmesi

GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems - Kuresel Navigasyon Uydu Sistemleri) sinyalleri aliciya ulasincaya kadar bircok tabakadan gecmektedir. Bu tabakalardan iyonosfer, gunun saatine, mevsimlere, cografi konuma ve gunesteki patlamalara bagli olarak surekli degisim halindedir. Iyonosferin karakteristik ozelligi TEC (Total electron content - Toplam Elektron Yogunlugu) ile belirlenmektedir. TEC, GNSS olculerini direk olarak etkilemez fakat uretilen kombinasyonlarla kestirilebilir. Bu calismada Turkiye’ nin kuzey dogusunda bulunan 13 TUSAGA-AKTIF istasyonu ile 12 IGS (The International GNSS Service- Uluslararasi GNSS Servisi) istasyonunun bulundugu toplam 25 istasyon secilmis ve degerlendirilmistir. Degerlendirmede Bernese v5.2 Bilimsel GNSS yazilimi kullanilmistir. 2009 yilindan 2015 yilina kadar TEC degerleri ikiser saat araliklarla hesaplanmistir. Tek Tabaka Modelinin kullanildigi calismada GNSS olculerinden elde edilen TEC degerleri, CODE(The Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe -Avrupa yorunge belirleme merkezi), ESA (The European Space Agency -Avrupa Uzay Ajansi), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) tarafindan yayinlanan global iyonosfer haritasi (GIM-TEC) ve uluslararasi iyonosfer referans modeli programindan elde edilen TEC (IRI TEC) degerleriyle karsilastirilmistir. Karsilastirma sonucunda bolgesel (RIM) TEC degerleri ile gobal (CODE, ESA, JPL) TEC degerleri arasinda buyuk oranda benzerlik oldugu ve aralarindaki farkin en fazla 2,58 TECU oldugu gorulmektedir. IRI’ den elde edilen TEC degerleri bu dort degere nazaran daha dusuktur ve bolgesel TEC (RIM) degerleri ile aralarindaki fark 15.67 TECU (TEC unit)' ya kadar ulasmaktadir.
A single‐point mutation enables lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis to utilize NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactor

The NAD+‐dependent lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsLDH) catalyzes the enantioselective reduction of pyruvate to lactate. BsLDH is highly specific to NAD+ and exhibits only a low activity with NADP+ as cofactor. Based on the high activity and good stability of LDHs, these enzymes have been frequently used for the regeneration of NAD+. While an application in the regeneration of NADP+ is not sufficient due to the cofactor preference of the BsLDH. In addition, NADP+‐dependent LDHs have not yet been found in nature. Therefore, a structure‐based approach was performed to predict amino acids involved in the cofactor specificity. Methods of site‐saturation mutagenesis were applied to vary these amino acids, with the aim to alter the cofactor specificity of the BsLDH. Five constructed libraries were screened for improved NADP+ acceptance. The mutant V39R was identified to have increased activity with NADP+ relative to the wild type. V39R was purified and biochemically characterized. V39R showed excellent kinetic properties with NADP(H) and NAD(H), for instance the maximal specific activity with NADPH was enhanced 100‐fold to 90.8 U/mg. Furthermore, a 249‐fold increased catalytic efficiency was observed. Surprisingly, the activity with NADH was also significantly improved. Overall, we were able to successfully apply V39R in the regeneration of NADP+ in an enzyme‐coupled approach combined with the NADP+‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir. We demonstrate for the first time an application of an LDH in the regeneration of NADP+.
Cloud-Edge Cooperative Model and Closed-Loop Control Strategy for the Price Response of Large-Scale Air Conditioners Considering Data Packet Dropouts

The price-based demand response has been considered one of the most effective ways to reduce the peak demand of power grids. However, it is possible to form a new rebound critical peak to threaten the grid stability and economic operation when large-scale loads respond to the price signal simultaneously. Based on the Internet of Things (IoT), this paper proposes a cloud-edge coordination (CEC) automatic control strategy to enable interaction and cooperation among the power grid and massive individual air conditioners (ACs) and eliminate the grid rebound critical peak of the synchro-response. Edge computing actively provides optional cooperation electricity plans, migrates computationally intensive tasks from the cloud and guarantees the privacy of users. Considering the unreliability of network transmission, data packet dropouts (/or delays and even downtime) are inevitable and usually random in the transmission, and a dual-feedback closed-loop control is first proposed in this paper. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimized closed-loop control strategy is verified by simulation cases.
Towards the creation of an integrated system of protected areas in Chile: achievements and challenges

Background: Chile is committed to extending its National System of Protected Areas (NSPA), focusing on eco-regions whose ecosystems are currently under-represented in the NSPA. A newly proposed law aims to create a Service of Biodiversity and Protected Areas that would unify the terrestrial and marine systems. The proposed law would allow the inclusion of private protected areas. Aims: We evaluate the current status of the conservation areas and propose an eco-regional plan that would allow reaching the overall target to bring 10% of all natural ecosystems under protection. Methods: A GAP analysis for all Chilean terrestrial and marine environments considered two protection scenarios: (1) public protected areas only, and (2) a combination of public and private protected areas. Afterwards, a multi-scale MARXAN assessment including 1367 conservation objects was carried out to identify suitable protected areas. Results: Chile does not meet its conservation target in four out of its 11 terrestrial eco-regions and in none of its eight marine eco-regions. To achieve the target of having 10% of all natural ecosystems (and conservation objects identified within them) under protection, an expansion of terrestrial public and private protected areas that currently cover 21.4% of Chile is required to reach 37.5%; marine protected areas need to cover 11.8% of Chile's exclusive economic zone. Conclusions: The under-represented conservation objects in protected areas in the highly biodiverse Mediterranean region require a proactive strategy towards establishing private protected areas. The proposed conservation law represents a first step in the right direction to extend the NSPA.
Toxicity of a tropical Australian frog, Litoria dahlii, to sympatric snakes

Although Litoria dahlii is one of the most abundant frog species of floodplain habitats in tropical Australia, it is rarely eaten by snakes. Force-feeding trials showed that L. dahlii is highly toxic to snakes: ingestion of even a single large frog was potentially fatal for pythons (Liasis childreni and Liasis fuscus), colubrids (Dendrelaphispunctulatus and Stegonotus cucullatus) and elapids (Acanthophis praelongus and Demansia atra). Only one species, the keelback, Tropidonophis mairii (Colubridae), could consume these frogs without ill effects. Keelbacks were also the only snakes recorded to eat these frogs in the wild. The fact that these abundant tropical frogs are highly toxic to most snakes, and generally not eaten by them, suggests that the anurophagous snakes of the Australian tropics assess amphibian chemical defences before consuming their prey. Thus, these snakes may be better-able to deal with the invasion of cane toads, Bufo marinus, than has been generally supposed.
Anthropogenic CO2 as a feedstock for the production of algal‐based biofuels

Biofuels have great potential as low‐carbon transportation fuel alternatives and can be essentially drop‐in fuels for existing fossil‐fuel‐based transportation infrastructures. Thus, the incentives for biofuel development are large but there are a number of issues: competition with food, land use, fresh water use, economics in comparison to fossil fuels, and achievable reduction in carbon footprint in comparison to other transportation fuel options. This paper focuses on utilization of anthropogenic CO2 from power plants in advanced biofuel production systems and the integration of those systems with various power plant designs. In doing so, the boundary of the life cycle analysis is expanded to include the power plant CO2 source, considering specifically natural gas, pulverized coal, supercritical coal, and IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) options. The carbon footprints for the integrated systems are compared to CCS (carbon capture and sequestration) as well as the current status quo of CO2 release to the atmosphere. The integrated biorefinery‐power plant options considered here are shown to be greatly advantaged compared to the status quo (no CO2 capture) carbon footprint, and also advantaged with respect to CCS as long as the biorefinery alone operates with a carbon footprint that is 75% or more lower than that of gasoline. In addition, the projected carbon footprint values, and estimated production costs, for algal‐based ethanol are favorable compared to other transportation fuel options including corn‐based ethanol and electricity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Fmoc-Based Synthesis of Peptide α-Thioesters Using an Aryl Hydrazine Support†

C-Terminal peptide thioesters are key intermediates in the synthesis/semisynthesis of proteins and of cyclic peptides by native chemical ligation. They are prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) or biosynthetically by protein splicing techniques. Until recently, the chemical synthesis of C-terminal α-thioester peptides by SPPS was largely restricted to the use of Boc/Benzyl chemistry due to the poor stability of the thioester bond to the basic conditions required for the deprotection of the Nα-Fmoc group. In the present work, we describe a new method for the SPPS of C-terminal thioesters using Fmoc/t-Bu chemistry. This method is based on the use of an aryl hydrazine linker, which is totally stable to conditions required for Fmoc-SPPS. When the peptide synthesis has been completed, activation of the linker is achieved by mild oxidation. This step converts the acyl hydrazine group into a highly reactive acyl diazene intermediate which reacts with an α-amino acid alkyl thioester (H-AA-SR) to yield .
Physico-Chemical Properties and the Degradation of Oat Bran Polysaccharides in the Gut of Pigs

Physico-chemical properties and the digestibility of carbohydrates (starch, β-glucan and arabinoxylan (AX)) were studied in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed diets based on oat bran. One diet was made of commercially prepared oat bran and another of oat bran milled to pass a 1 mm screen. The pigs were slaughtered and samples were collected quantitatively from 10 sites of the gastrointestinal tract either 1 or 3 h after the morning feeding. The viscosity of the liquid phase (obtained by centrifugation) of the stomach and small intestinal contents varied greatly between animals, and was not significantly different between segments of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The molecular weight of β-glucan was reduced up to 20-fold in the upper gastrointestinal tract but was of a relatively low digestibility until the terminal ileum. The solubility (the fraction of the total content in the liquid phase of digesta after centrifugation) of β-glucan varied from 0·25 to 0·58 in the stomach and small intestine, whereas the solubility of AX was in the range of 0·04–0·16. Microscopic examination of digesta showed that β-glucan was retained in intact endospermic cell wall structures, which remained evident until the distal small intestine but was completely disrupted in the caecum. In spite of a cumulative digestibility of non-starch polysaccharides and AX of ∽0·90 in the large intestine, identifiable fragments of aleurone cell walls resistant to complete microbial degradation remained. © 1997 SCI.
Effects of Supplementing Herbs on Growth Performances, Blood Composition and Diarrhea in Hanwoo Calves

College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, KoreaABSTRACTThe current study was conducted to determine the effects of herbal supplement on growth performances and diarrhea in Hanwoo calves. Total 24 Hanwoo calves(3 treatments: 8 calves per treatment) were randomly assigned to either Control(no treatment), Treatment 1(0.3% herb supplement), or Treatment 2(0.5% herb supplement) diets for 150 days. Total body weight gain and total feed intake per head in Treatment 1 was 142.8 kg and 545.9 kg, respectively, and it was higher(p 0.05) differences among treatments. The blood immunoglobulin G levels were 5.74~6.05mg/ml which tended to decrease as experimental period extended. Total number of pathogens in feces showed peaks at 1~2 months after the initiation of experiment, and tended to decrease thereafter. Total number of Eimeria spp. , E. coli and BVDV in feces showed no significant differences but control group showed higher counts than both treatment groups. During overall period, the incidence of pathogenic diarrhea in calves of 2 treatment groups was much lower than control group calves(C: 24, vs T1: 9, T2: 13 heads), however, it was not significant(p>0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of herbs in Hanwoo calf diets might be beneficial to improve growth performances and prevent diarrhea. (Key words : Herb resources, Hanwoo Calves, Growth Performance, Diarrhea)
Evaluating risk predictions at population and community levels in pesticide registration‐hypotheses to be tested

Chemical registrations under FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) and TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act) in the United States, and equivalent regulations in Canada and Europe, are driven extensively by risk assessments. Chemicals intended for use as pesticides are evaluated by considering fate and transport, toxicity, and assumed exposure scenarios. For nonpesticide chemicals, very limited testing information is generated to support the risk management decisions. Despite the restricted quantity of information, risk-based predictions are intended to provide analyses that are adequate to evaluate ecological safety margins. Persistent questions regarding adequacy of protection have dogged risk assessors, regulators, and registrants. From a scientific perspective, risk assessments are essentially complex hypotheses, not conclusive or factual statements. Given the great reliance on extrapolations from individual-based toxicity (and generally poor exposure characterizations) to statements of community, ecosystem, landscape, regional, and even global levels of organization, it is perhaps remarkable that the system has worked at all. But do we really know if the system works ? If we wish to retain a scientific basis in registration, follow-up work that tests the risk-prediction hypotheses needs to be done. Properly structured around testable parameters, focused monitoring programs could reduce much of the mystery embodied in current practice. Greater reliance on monitoring data to test risk predictions could reduce the tendency to concatenate uncertainty factors that unnecessarily expand Type II errors. We propose changes in the registration process to address these concerns.
Gene polymorphisms CVPDr on some plants citrus in Bali Island

Citrus is one of the horticultural plants that is very important in the economy of the people of Indonesia. This plant has long been known and cultivated in Indonesia [1]. Citrus is a local fruit that is pretty much on the market, the quality of citrus fruit can be in luenced by various factors including the attack of Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD). All cultivated citrus plants are susceptible to CVPD disease attacks [2]. On the other hand it was reported that several types of citrus plants, especially those with less economic value, were known to be resistant to CVPD. Types of citrus that are resistant to CVPD, hereinafter referred to as citrus with the CVPDr gene. Citrus plants resistant to CVPD (CVPDr) are thought to contain genes that produce a trait that is able to break the pathogenic infection of CVPD (L. asiaticum) or is able to resist transmission of pathogens carried by vector insects [3].
On Decoding Algebraic Codes Using Radical Locators

It is well-known that the decoding of algebraic codes with error locators have been extensively conceived in the literature over a half century. The radical locator, which is an $\omega $ th root of error locator, has recently been discovered. This paper focuses on the two classes of radical locators. The first is complete radical locators, where all the locators are assigned to radical locators. The second is partial radical locators in that there are only a few locators being radical locators. In the former case based on complete radical locators, a new square matrix whose determinant is a univariate radical-locator polynomial is proposed. In particular, this matrix is modified to allow a large square matrix. It can be transformed by Gaussian elimination to the matrix in a row-echelon form in which zeros appearing in the diagonal entries of the current matrix are able to determine errors implicitly. Furthermore, this work further extends the previous results from the univariate case to multivariate cases. The matrix methods found herein enable one to decode a large class of cyclic codes efficiently. In the latter case, the cyclotomic cosets are a practical approach to select a small subset of positive integers. They are employed to develop partial radical locators. Finally, in contrast with the complete radical locators, the algebraic decoding methods make a natural use of partial radical locators more widely and flexibly to arbitrary cyclic codes.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PRANCIS PEMANDU WISATA DI TANA TORAJA

This article is the result of a study on "French Language Guide in Tana Toraja". This study aims to analyze the mistakes made by tour guides in Tana Toraja in French. The subjects in this study were 3 French-speaking tour guides, and the object in this study was a mistake in French. This study uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis methods with a theory approach to analyzing language errors in the Tarigan model that divides language errors into misformation, omission, addition, and misorder which will then be searched for factors causing language errors by tour guides in Tana Toraja. After conducting research, the results of the analysis show that all tour guides make mistakes in French, and the most dominant tour guide makes mistakes is the tour guide 1. The error is caused by performance factors such as experience and communication goals and competency factors, namely education.
A Novel Analysis on a New DC-Excited Flux-Switching Machine Using Modified MEC Method for Ground Power Unit Application

This article presents a novel analysis on a new DC-Excited Flux-Switching Machine (DC-FSM) for Ground Power Unit (GPU) application. The performance of machine under different structures can be studied by a flexible Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC), where the core non-linearity can be fixed on the material B-H curve. The model accuracy can also be adjusted arbitrary by determining the number of proposed MEC elements (flux tubes) for a given structure. The performance analysis of two sample DC-FSMs as two high-frequency 120 V generators is performed by the proposed MEC and validated by 2D and 3D FEM based simulations. The obtained results show a very good improvement in processing time with valuable accuracy. In general, introducing a new DC-FSM for the GPU application and analyzing its performance by proposing a modified MEC approach are the paper novelties which are studied in this work. Since the suggested MEC is more flexible than FEM, it is recommended for designing, modeling, and optimization purposes.