Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term variability of chlorophyll associated with upwelling events in the Taiwan Strait during the southwest monsoon of 1998

SeaWiFS chlorophyll and AVHRR SST time series as well as in situ measurements in August 1998 were used to evaluate short-term variability of chlorophyll associated with upwelling events in the western Taiwan Strait. The extent of eutrophic waters (SeaWiFS Chlorophyll41mg=m), colder upwelling waters, and upwelling index were calculated for the western strait and for the northern and southern portions. Large extents of eutrophic waters were always accompanied by colder upwelling waters, indicative of the tight coupling of chlorophyll with upwelling activities. The phytoplankton growth lagged the upwelling activities by about 2 days. The temporal changes of upwelling events were found different in the northern and southern Taiwan Strait. A short relaxation of upwelling probably occurred between early and mid-August in the northern portion. One strong upwelling event likely lasted from early through mid-August, peaking before August 13 in the southern portion. It resulted in chlorophyll enhancement but with different timing of chlorophyll reaching maximum values in these two upwelling zones. The duration of one upwelling event in the western Taiwan Strait in August was estimated to be about 12 days. It seems that two distinctive northern and southern upwelling systems in the western Taiwan Strait were connected with, and affected by, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, respectively. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. e front matter r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. r2.2004. 04.003 ng author. Tel. : 86-592-2186871; fax: 86-592-2188071. esses: slshang@jingxian.xmu.edu.cn (S.L. Shang), cyzhang@xmu.edu.cn (C.Y. Zhang), hshong@xmu.edu.cn shang@xmu.edu.cn (S.P. Shang), fchai@maine.edu (F. Chai).
Tumor suppressor APC is an attenuator of spindle-pulling forces during C. elegans asymmetric cell division

Significance Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a Wnt signaling component as well as a microtubule-associated protein, and its mutations are frequently associated with colorectal cancers in humans. Although APC stabilizes microtubules, its mechanical role during cell division is largely unknown. Here we show that APC is an attenuator of forces acting on the mitotic spindle during asymmetric cell division of the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote. We performed live imaging, laser microsurgery, and numerical simulation to show how APC suppresses spindle-pulling force generation by stabilizing microtubule plus-ends and reducing microtubule catastrophe frequency at the cell cortex. Our study documents a mechanical role for the APC protein and provides a physical basis for spindle-pulling force attenuation. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor has dual functions in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and accurate chromosome segregation and is frequently mutated in colorectal cancers. Although APC contributes to proper cell division, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that Caenorhabditis elegans APR-1/APC is an attenuator of the pulling forces acting on the mitotic spindle. During asymmetric cell division of the C. elegans zygote, a LIN-5/NuMA protein complex localizes dynein to the cell cortex to generate pulling forces on astral microtubules that position the mitotic spindle. We found that APR-1 localizes to the anterior cell cortex in a Par–aPKC polarity-dependent manner and suppresses anterior centrosome movements. Our combined cell biological and mathematical analyses support the conclusion that cortical APR-1 reduces force generation by stabilizing microtubule plus-ends at the cell cortex. Furthermore, APR-1 functions in coordination with LIN-5 phosphorylation to attenuate spindle-pulling forces. Our results document a physical basis for the attenuation of spindle-pulling force, which may be generally used in asymmetric cell division and, when disrupted, potentially contributes to division defects in cancer.
Donor‐derived chimerism in recipients of organ transplants

The current issue of HEPATOLOGY features an article on “Cell Migration and Chimerism After Whole-organ Transplants” by Starzl et al. (1) at the University of Pittsburgh Health Science Center. This article, while overwhelming in its length and number of figures, brings together and adds to a flurry of recent reports in which this group has uncovered a new and potentially significant form of cell migration from organ grafts. Cells of donor (graft) origin widely populate the tissues of the recipient, resulting in a state of chimerism. This phenomenon was first noted after liver transplantation but also is apparent with grafts of intestine, lung, kidney and heart. Cell migration and chimerism of the reverse sort (i.e., a movement from recipient to the graft) is not new. Recipient bone marrow-derived WBCs, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells, can repopulate the corresponding cellular compartments in any donor organ. What Starzl et al. have uncovered is a flux from donor to recipient. As they put it, all donor organs are to some extent “mini-marrows” and able to seed many recipient organs with donor-derived cells. The donorderived cells likely are white cells and may include specialized antigen-presenting dendritic cells (2). We will summarize briefly the findings of Starzl et al., relating these to other instances of cell migration from donor to recipient. We will consider a possible mechanism for the phenomenon of long-term, donor-based chimerism and discuss the important consequences of chimerism that are proposed by the authors. There are three, which are as follows: (a) donor-derived cells influence the host’s immune system and allow grafts to be accepted long term with reduced immunosuppression; (b) donor-derived cells can alleviate certain metabolic deficiencies such as type IV glycogen storage and Gaucher’s diseases; and (c) implicitly, improved methods for treating transplant recipients and certain genetic deficiencies may be obtained by defining and enhancing donor-derived chimerism. We suspect that most readers of HEPATOLOGY will agree that these three consequences of chimerism still lie in the realm of hypothesis. Yet the data are new and provocative. Interestingly, the authors attribute their
STARD9/Kif16a is a novel mitotic kinesin and antimitotic target

Proper cell division requires the formation of the microtubule-based mitotic spindle, which mediates the dynamic movement and alignment of chromosomes to the metaphase plate and their equal transmission to daughter cells. Kinesins are molecular motors that utilize ATP hydrolysis to perform their functions and are instrumental in spindle assembly and function. Of the over 45 kinesins encoded in the human genome, only two are specifically enriched at the centrioles, Kif24 at the mother centriole and STARD9/Kif16a at the daughter centriole. While Kif24 possesses centriolar microtubule-depolymerizing activity and has been implicated in regulating cilia formation, our recent study implicates STARD9 in maintaining pericentriolar material (PCM) cohesion during early mitosis. However, very little is known about how STARD9 performs its function, including the mechanisms that recruit or retain STARD9 at the centrioles and how it cooperates with centrosome components to regulate PCM stability. Additionally, the signals leading to apoptosis in the absence of STARD9 remain to be explored.
Context-aware cooperation between human and robotic teams in catastrophic incidents

The study of cooperative interaction between multi-party multi-agent teams that include humans and robots is a recent scientific challenge. Preliminary empiric results about this interaction, in the scope of search and rescue applications, demonstrate the need for deeper studies on how humans should interact with teams of autonomous mobile robots and on how to establish a mutual beneficial interaction. This work presents the work in progress in the scope of CHOPIN1 project, which aims to address some of these issues and will focus on devising new methods for collaborative context awareness and context sharing between teams of humans and teams of robots.
Insertion of the distal screws in interlocking nail fixation of femoral shaft fractures. Technical note.

The introduction of interlocking nails has greatly expanded the indications for intramedullary fixation of femoral shaft fractures, and several authors have reported good results with this method7. However, on occasion it may be difficult to insert the distal interlocking screw. Distal locking is presently accomplished using either mounted or handheld guides, and both techniques can result in excessive radiation exposure to the surgeon. The free-hand technique described herein uses the camera of the image intensifier as an alignment guide and overcomes several potential sources of error in placement of the distal screw. With this technique, the alignment axis of a distal screw-hole is determined with the image intensifier, as follows. The radiologic technician positions the image intensifier so that it is brought along a direction perpendicular to the long axis ofthe thigh, and the c-arm is then positioned to center the nail halfway between the source and the camera of the image intensifier. Translational displacements of the c-arm are then made so that the distal screw-hole is positioned as close to the center of the screen as possible. Limiting adjustments of the c-arm to one plane at a time, centering first in an anterior-posterior direction, followed by translational movements in a proximal-distal direction, is usually the most effective technique for centering the distal hole on the screen. The appropriate controls of the image intensifier are then locked. The distal screw-hole usually appears as an ellipse on the screen because the alignment axis of the roentgen beam is usually not exactly parallel to the alignment axis of the distal screwhole. The image intensifier is then rotated in the coronal plane until the elliptical hole on the screen widens to a maximum and the latch for coronal rotation is locked (Figs. I-A and I-B). The c-arm is then rotated in the transverse plane until the ellipse widens to a full circle, and then the c-arm is completely locked (Figs. 2-A and 2-B). The surgeon places the tip of a long-handled awl or of a pointed guide-wire on the lateral part of the femoral cortex near the center of the roentgen beam, and while the image intensifier is pulsed he or she moves the tip so as to place
Analytic group-theoretical form factors of hydrogenlike atoms for discrete and continuum transitions.

Quelques problemes non resolus concernant les facteurs de forme d'atomes hydrogeniques pour des transitions discret-discret, discret-continuum et continuum-continuum, sont resolus par une nouvelle methode de theorie des groupes. On donne des formules analytiques exactes pour ces facteurs de forme
Management of infectious diarrhoea

Infectious diarrhoea is the most common cause of diarrhoea worldwide and is the leading cause of death in childhood. Gastrointestinal infections have their major impact in the developing world. In the developed world, despite improvements in public health and economic wealth, the incidence of intestinal infection remains high and continues to be an important clinical problem. During the past 10 years there have been some major improvements in our knowledge base regarding the treatment of infectious diarrhoea. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) remains central to case management but advances have been made by the introduction of hypotonic solutions and there is early evidence that resistant starch may be the substrate of the future. The search for antisecretory drugs continues, with real progress having been made by the introduction of a new class of drugs, the enkephalinase inhibitors. Other new drugs are in the early phases of development. The role of antimicrobial agents in the management of infective diarrhoea continues to be clarified with the emergence of new agents and simplified treatment regimens. Probiotics are popular with diarrhoea sufferers and have been shown to have some efficacy but further scrutiny is required to determine the magnitude of their effects. Infectious diarrhoea is the most common cause of diarrhoea worldwide and is responsible for more deaths than gastrointestinal cancers, peptic ulcer, or inflammatory bowel disease. Diarrhoeal disease is the leading cause of childhood death and the second most common cause of death worldwide. Gastrointestinal infections have their major impact in the developing world: diarrhoeal diseases are responsible, directly or indirectly, for approximately three million deaths each year among children under five years of age—that is, 1 every 10 seconds. There are an estimated 1.8 billion episodes of childhood diarrhoea per year and virtually all of these acute diarrhoeal episodes are related to infectious …
Associations between cigarette smoking status and colon cancer prognosis among participants in North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Trial N0147.

PURPOSE By using data from North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Trial N0147, a randomized adjuvant trial of patients with stage III colon cancer, we assessed the relationship between smoking and cancer outcomes, disease-free survival (DFS), and time to recurrence (TTR), accounting for heterogeneity by patient and tumor characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS Before random assignment to infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or FOLFOX plus cetuximab, 1,968 participants completed a questionnaire on smoking history and other risk factors. Cox models assessed the association between smoking history and the primary trial outcome of DFS (ie, time to recurrence or death), as well as TTR, adjusting for other clinical and patient factors. The median follow-up was 3.5 years among patients who did not experience events. RESULTS Compared with never-smokers, ever smokers experienced significantly shorter DFS (3-year DFS proportion: 70% v 74%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.42). This association persisted after multivariate adjustment (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.49). There was significant interaction in this association by BRAF mutation status (P = .03): smoking was associated with shorter DFS in patients with BRAF wild-type (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.66) but not BRAF mutated (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.29) colon cancer. Smoking was more strongly associated with poorer DFS in those with KRAS mutated versus KRAS wild-type colon cancer (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.12 to 2.00] v HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.39]), although interaction by KRAS mutation status was not statistically significant (P = .07). Associations were comparable in analyses of TTR. CONCLUSION Overall, smoking was significantly associated with shorter DFS and TTR in patients with colon cancer. These adverse relationships were most evident in patients with BRAF wild-type or KRAS mutated colon cancer.
Detecting Difference between Process Models Based on the Refined Process Structure Tree

The development of mobile workflow management systems (mWfMS) leads to large number of business process models. In the meantime, the location restriction embedded in mWfMS may result in different process models for a single business process. In order to help users quickly locate the difference and rebuild the process model, detecting the difference between different process models is needed. Existing detection methods either provide a dissimilarity value to represent the difference or use predefined difference template to generate the result, which cannot reflect the entire composition of the difference. Hence, in this paper, we present a new approach to solve this problem. Firstly, we parse the process models to their corresponding refined process structure trees (PSTs), that is, decomposing a process model into a hierarchy of subprocess models. Then we design a method to convert the PST to its corresponding task based process structure tree (TPST). As a consequence, the problem of detecting difference between two process models is transformed to detect difference between their corresponding TPSTs. Finally, we obtain the difference between two TPSTs based on the divide and conquer strategy, where the difference is described by an edit script and we make the cost of the edit script close to minimum. The extensive experimental evaluation shows that our method can meet the real requirements in terms of precision and efficiency.
Comparative Investigation of Series and Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains for Heavy-Duty Transit Bus Applications

In recent times, diesel powered hybrid electric vehicles have attracted their fair share of attention from automakers worldwide. It is a well-known fact that diesel hybrid technology is being used increasingly to improve the performance of a number of city transit buses. The exclusive combination of advanced diesel engines and sophisticated hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technologies holds much promise for dramatic reductions in both emissions as well as fuel consumption. Currently, transit bus manufacturers incorporate the popularly accepted series or parallel hybrid electric drive train architectures for hybridization depending on specific performance demands. From the point of view of heavy-duty vehicular drive train hybridization, a major debate in the auto industry involves analyzing and comparing both the series as well as parallel HEV systems. Keeping this issue in mind, this paper aims to comprehensively investigate and evaluate series and parallel hybrid electric drive train topologies for heavy-duty diesel transit buses from the point of view of overall efficiency and parametric performance studies. In general, the vital proposal of this paper involves the depiction of suitability of parallel hybrid drive trains over series hybrid drive trains, more specific to city transit bus applications
Molecular analysis of KTI12/TOT4, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene required for Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin action

TOT, the putative Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin target complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is encoded by TOT1–7, six loci of which are isoallelic to RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) Elongator genes (ELP1–6). Unlike TOT1–3 (ELP1–3) and TOT5–7 (ELP5, ELP6 and ELP4 respectively), which display zymocin resistance when deleted, TOT4 (KTI12) also renders cells refractory to zymocin when maintained in multicopy or overexpressed from the GAL10 promoter. Elevated TOT4 copy number results in an intermediate tot phenotype, which includes mild sensitivities towards caffeine, Calcofluor white and elevated growth temperature, suggesting that TOT4 influences TOT/Elongator function. Tot4p interacts with Elongator, as shown by co‐immunoprecipitation, and cell fractionation studies demonstrate partial co‐migration with RNAPII and Elongator. As Elongator subunit interaction is not affected by either deletion of TOT4 or multicopy TOT4, Tot4p may not be a structural Elongator subunit but, rather, may regulate TOT/Elongator in a fashion that requires transient physical contact with TOT/Elongator. Consistent with a regulatory role, the presence of a potential P‐loop motif conserved between yeast and human TOT4 homologues suggests capability of ATP or GTP binding and P‐loop deletion renders Tot4p biologically inactive.
Preclinical and Clinical Studies with Selective Reversible Direct P2Y12 Antagonists

An important role for adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet activation and aggregation was proposed more than 40 years ago. The clinical use of clopidogrel, a prodrug of an irreversible P2Y (12) antagonist, has further proved the relevance of inhibiting signaling via the platelet-specific P2Y (12) ADP receptor in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Pharmacological studies at AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood have identified direct, selective, and competitive P2Y (12) antagonists, including cangrelor (also known as AR-C69931MX), which is suitable for intravenous administration, and AZD6140, which is suitable for oral administration. In preclinical use, these compounds predictably and effectively inhibited platelet aggregation without significant increases in bleeding time. In clinical use, these compounds may have significant advantages over current antiplatelet agents. This article summarizes preclinical and clinical data on cangrelor and AZD6140 and discusses the potential of these compounds as novel antiplatelet therapies.
A three-phase model of the social emotional functioning in eating disorders.

BACKGROUND Problems with social emotional functioning are an important part of eating disorder psychopathology. AIM This study aimed to propose a model of social emotional functioning before and during the illness and to explain the consequences for those involved. METHOD We propose a three-phase model of social and emotional processes as both causal and maintaining factors in anorexia nervosa. The predictions from this model are examined, and we consider the relevance for treatment. RESULTS The evidence base for the theoretical model is presented: Phase 1 describes causal predispositions and environments, Phase 2 notes the way in which the symptoms themselves impact on brain function and social cognition and Phase 3 explains the reactions of close others. CONCLUSIONS A three-phase model including interpersonal and socio-emotional elements can be used to shape and plan treatment interventions. Understanding causal chains and consequences can give a rationale for change and frame therapeutic interventions.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion gene polymorphism and genomic sequence in Diabetic Nephropathy

Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the Angiotensin I converting enzyme genetically deter-mines most of the plasma ACE activity. Modulation of ACE gene activity might have an im-portant bearing on the rate of progression of renal disease, though its exact role in the neph-ropathy of Type 2 Diabetes is far from clear. This prospective, cross-sectional, observa-tional study was designed to study correlation between Insertion/Deletion polymorphism of ACE gene in diabetic nephropathy. T2DM cases (n=30) were evaluated, regarding duration, onset and degree of of albuminuria, renal insufficiency and hypertension. All patients un-derwent detailed clinical and biochemical evaluation. Genomic DNA intron 16 of the ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing. Analysis of variance ANOVA was applied to compare. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. All calculations were performed using SPSS-11.0. The mean age of this study group was 45.21±2.34 yrs. PCR amplification of ACE gene fragment revealed I/I, (n =8) I/D (n = 18 and D/D (n = 4), alleles.Age wise, all three groups were matched (p=0.012), micro and macro-vascular complications were more prevalent in DD type. Mmajority (75%) of patients with II allele took longer to develop overt albumiuria, having lesser hypertension, renal dysfunc-tion, and dyslipidemia than ID and DD allele (p<0.005). On the other hand, Urinary albu-min excretion (UAE), SBP, DBP, TG, S.Cr. and LDL-C were significantly higher (p<0.005), in patients of DD type than II and ID groups. This finding suggests that patients with DD allele of the ACE gene are more likely to have progressive diabetic nephropathy with most of the micro and macro-vascular complications.