Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perinatal and Neonatal Hypoxia Ischaemia: The Unique Challenges of Treating the Infant Brain

Hypoxic ischaemic injury can damage the brain at any age. However, the infant brain displays a unique profile of sensitivity and resistance compared to adult ischaemic stroke patients. Both pathology and response to treatment are uniquely affected by the molecular landscape of the neonatal brain. With new revelations in the biology of brain injury in perinates and neonates being discovered, as global mortality and morbidity increases research funding into infant brain injury, it is important to raise awareness of the unparal-leled challenge of treating these young patients. This chapter will review currently known differences between the infant and adult brain response to hypoxia, and address existing treatments alongside proposed treatments not yet evaluated by clinical trial.
Caroli’s disease: a diagnostic challenge

Caroli’s disease is a rare congenital hepatobiliary disease characterized by multifocal segmental dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts affecting all or parts of the liver. It predisposes to biliary stasis and consequent lithiasis, cholangitis, abscesses, and septicemia. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose and differentiate it from other similar disease conditions. 60-year-old female presented with features of recurrent cholangitis with hepatolithiasis and multiple cyst in liver, cholelithiasis was planned for cholecystectomy and drainage procedure. Patient underwent open cholecystectomy with common bile duct (CBD) exploration with T-tube placement due to intraoperative instability. Post-operative T tube cholangiogram was done. Post-operative T tube cholangiogram showed bilobar major duct cystic dilatation with predominant left lobe involvement, with few cysts containing calculi. Patient was planned for left hepatectomy with bile duct excision but patient refused to undergo aforementioned surgery. Therefore ERCP and sphincterotomy was done in view of poor performance status.Caroli’s disease being a rare disease is sometimes difficult to diagnose and treat in an old age patient with bilobar involvement and poor general conditions.
External contamination of commercial containers by antineoplastic agents: a literature review

The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the external contamination of commercial vials by antineoplastic drugs. A PubMed and CINAHL searches from 1 January 1990 to 1 May 2018 was performed with the terms: « antineoplastic agents », « environmental monitoring », « drug packaging », « vials » and « contamination ». Articles that presented results on the external contamination of commercial vials were included. Twenty-four articles were identified from 11 countries. A total of 4248 vials were sampled from 28 manufacturers. Traces were found on 56% (2379/4248) of vials. A maximum of 150 000 ng was measured on a glass vial of fluorouracil. This literature review showed that the exterior of the majority of commercial antineoplastic vials was contaminated. Manufacturers should limit this contamination. Centres are also encouraged to clean the vials on receipt. Personal protection equipment should be worn at all steps of the drug-use process.
SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND POOR ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT, LIVING IN RURAL THAILAND: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Background: Hypertension is a common health problem among the elderly. Approximately 50% have poor adherence to their prescribed medication, which leads to uncontrolled blood pressure. This study was aimed to understand causes of poor adherence and gain knowledge of patient's self-management in their home. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted. Elderly hypertension patients with poor adherence to antihypertension medication and uncontrol blood pressure, between the ages of 60-79 were purposively selected to participate in this study. Home visits, including observation of patient's behavior in their home, were conducted. Content analysis was performed. Results: A total of thirty respondents were interviewed of which 17 were female and 13 were male. All understood that hypertension is a chronic health problem but most of them were unaware that nonadherence to their hypertension medication treatment would lead to negative consequence to their health. Most respondents had negative beliefs toward hypertension treatment. The reasons for poor adherence are: 1) personal beliefs or habits, which include forgetfulness and negative belief that the medication will not control blood pressure; 2) side effects of medication and 3) negative perceptions influenced by the community. Research results showed that most participants were not taking their prescribed dosage. Additionally, expired medication was commonly found in their medication inventory. High sodium diets and no regular exercise was commonly reported. Conclusion: Patients understood that hypertension is a lifelong condition but unaware of consequence of poor adherence. Personal reason and negative belief as well as wrong belief influenced by community. Forgetfulness and manage dosage of medication should be addressed when designing a strategy to improve medical adherence. Education on controlling hypertension and treatments should be addressed and incorporated into a holistic strategy to improve adherence to the patient's drug regimen.
Effects of rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in hepatic encephalopathy

Lactulose is recommended as secondary prophylaxis after the initial episode and rifaximin as an add‐on to lactulose for preventing recurrent episodes of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after the second episode. However, the relative merits of rifaximin vs nonabsorbable disaccharides (NADs) on overt and minimal HE (MHE) are debated.
Mesoscopic modeling of vapor transport in wood tangential and radial direction

Wood is traditionally modeled as an orthotropic material, with direction dependent transport properties, in this way homogenizing the specific structure of wood: a cellular material with growth rings, consisting of early wood and late wood layers. In this paper we present a mesoscopic model for vapor transport in wood, where earlywood and latewood are modeled as distinct materials. The sorption and vapor transport properties for early- and latewood are determined using a unit cell model with constant cell geometry. These properties are used in two-dimensional calculations of vapor transport in a piece of wood consisting of several growth rings. The mesoscopic results are compared to measurement results and to macroscopic results using homogenized orthotropic transport properties. For vapor transport in radial and tangential direction the difference between meso- and macro modeling of wood is negligible, justifying the vapor transport modeling with homogenized orthotropic transport properties.
Pain Management for Pregnant Women in the Opioid Crisis Era

Acute and chronic pain management during pregnancy, after delivery and even during lactation are challenging even for experienced physicians. This chapter intends to cover pregnancy-induced physiological changes in relation to pain conditions. It also covers the most common pain disorders in pregnancy and provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for pain management in preg- nancy. Additionally, pain management in context of opioid abuse will also be covered, as high prevalence of opioid prescription is linked to the very poor maternal and fetal outcomes. The possibility of maternal opioid abuse and fetal opioid withdrawal should be known to all physicians, given its rising trends. Multimodal protocols and opioid spar- ing strategies are highly essential for safe pain management during pregnancy and have been discussed. This chapter is intended to be a fast and detailed review for residents, pain fellows, and physicians who seek pain control in pregnant women.
Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Blood Donors in Blood Transfusion Center, Pokhara, Nepal: Seroprevalence and its Associated Risk Factors

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections lead to chronic diseases and are the most common causes of liver cirrhosis and cancer in developing countries like Nepal. The study is carried out to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV by using a Rapid kit method and Elisa Method to find out its risk factors. The cross-sectional study was done among blood donating people from 16th August 2016 to 19th November 2016. Blood donors in Pokhara Valley were screened for anti-HCV antibodies, anti-HBV antibodies using third generation ELISA kits and automated ELISA Processor in serology laboratory at Central Blood Transfusion Service (CBTS) of Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) in Pokhara, Nepal. 1777 (87.2%) units were male blood donors and 260 (12.6%) units were female donors out of 2037 participants. Gender wise, the ratio between male and female was 1:0.1. HBV and HCV infection rate in blood donors were detected at 0.7% (15/2037) and 0.5% (8/2037) respectively. HBV infection rate in volunteer blood donor people was 0.7% (14/1881) which was higher than the replacement donors i.e. 0.6% (1/156). Similarly, in HCV infection rate in volunteer donor were 0.4% (8/1881). HBV infected people are detected higher than the HCV infected people among the blood donors. In addition, there was no significant relationship between positive results of HBV and HCV tests with the gender, age, tattoo, donor type.
Bacterial chromosome organisation and transcription

The bacterial chromosome has to be condensed to fit inside the cell, forming a compact structure called the nucleoid, which is confined to a particular region of the cell without constriction by a membrane. Recently, the bacterial nucleoid has been shown to be far more structured than previously thought, with DNA present in topologically distinct loops, which are then arranged into macrodomains. Some proteins involved in structuring the E. coli chromosome are also known to have roles in regulating transcription. It is possible that chromosome structure could be affected by local gene expression. Fluorescent reporter/operator systems (FROS) were used to study the positions of different inducible promoters, with and without induction. The FROS method was adapted to use a smaller insert, therefore causing less disruption to chromosome structure. The transcription factor MalI was developed as a novel FROS reporter. Of the five promoters studied only araFGH showed any movement upon induction, moving away from the cell pole. In cells at the point of division, induction of the araFGH promoter caused segregation of sister chromatids adjacent to araFGH. These results suggest that induction of promoters can cause a change in local chromosome structure, although this is not seen at all promoters.
Use of Azotobacter chroococcum as potentially useful in agricultural application

Great many papers on this genus have dealt with its significance in plant nutrition and its contribution to soil fertility. Because of this and for better clarity, this paper has been divided into three sections: azotobacteria and their natural habitat (the soil and plant); production of growth substances and their effects on the plant; and possibility of using azotobacteria in agriculture. As soil bacteria, azotobacteria cannot be studied without their natural environment. In Yugoslavia, research on azotobacteria dates back to 1956. The main focus of study was the soil as the natural habitat of these bacteria. Bacteria of the Azotobacter genus synthesizes auxins, cytokinins, and GA-like substances, and these growth materials are the primary substances controlling the enhanced growth. These hormonal substances, which originate from the rhizosphere or root surface, affect the growth of the closely associated higher plants. In order to guarantee the high effectiveness of inoculants and microbiological fertilizers it is necessary to find the compatible partners, i.e. a particular plant genotype and a particular azotobacteria strain that will form a good association.
Management of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Objective. Improvement the effectiveness of treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. The experience of the treatment of 87 patients with severe acute pancreatitis is considered. The protocol of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics included active conservative management of patients with a daily overall assessment of the clinical picture according to the Marshal, APACHE II and Ranson scales, the dynamics of laboratory changes, combined with the instrumental research data (ultrasound, CT and MRI) and the use of delayed surgical interventions. Results. In 54 (62%) patients, the therapy led to recovery without surgical treatment, 33 (38%) were operated for purulent-septic complications. The overall mortality in the study group was 18.4%. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 71 patients (81.6%). Mortality among operated patients was 48.5%. Conclusion. The use of the developed protocol led to a decrease in overall and postoperative mortality, the number of systemic complications and a significant increase in survival in severe acute pancreatitis.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy: A review of literature on clinical status and meta-analysis of diagnosis and clinical management

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disorder characterized by restrictive ventricular filling. It represents one of the three phenotypes originally classified by the World Health Organization besides dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Of the three, it is the least common phenotype but has an ominous prognosis with the highest recorded rates of sudden cardiac death. Clinical trials investigating RCM have had varied findings. This is attributable to the current classification systems of cardiomyopathy based on morphological and structural alterations rather than etiologic-based. The classification has created etiological heterogeneity requiring a combination of methods for a confirmatory diagnosis as well as complicating clinical management methods, which lacks standardized guidelines and largely relies on the standard heart failure therapy. Thus, the present review discussed current research evidence to produce a comprehensive understanding of the clinical status of RCM, including its diagnosis and clinical management. *Correspondence to: Aref Albakri, Department of internal medicine, St-Marien hospital Bonn Venusberg, Bonn, Germany, E-mail: arefalbakri@yahoo.com
Simultaneous transmission of adenocarcinoma after kidney transplantation. Report of two rare cases

Malignancy related to donor after transplantation is a very rare situation that can be classified in two categories. The first is donor cell derived malignancy and the second, most rare, is tumor transmission which include the development of malignancy in a misdiagnosed donor pre-existent solid organ. This condition has good prognosis mainly because of recipient immune response, and patients are treated with explatantion of the graft associated with immunotherapy withdraw. Accordingly, we report two cases of female patients that have received their kidneys and tumors transplanted from the same male donor which DNA analysis confirm the same donor origin. Both patients were treated with the same therapy but different disease presentation.
Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid Trough Concentration in Kidney Transplant under Cyclosporine Is Beneficial in Reducing Acute Rejection within 1 Year

Background: This study was designed to analyze the clinical usefulness of mycophenolic acid trough concentration monitoring in kidney transplantation patients who were maintained with cyclosporine. Methods: The data of patients who underwent mycophenolic acid trough concentration monitoring after their first kidney transplant between November 2006 and August 2013 and were prescribed with cyclosporine, mycophenolate, and methylprednisolone were reviewed retrospectively. Cox analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for acute rejection within 1 year post-transplantation. Results: Among 90 patients, 41 (45.6%) achieved both the target levels of cyclosporine and mycophenolic acid, while three patients (3.3%) failed to achieve the target level of either cyclosporine or mycophenolic acid. Nine patients (10.0%) only achieved the mycophenolic acid target level and 37 patients (41.1%) only achieved the cyclosporine target level. While patients who achieved only the mycophenolic acid target concentration had no statistically increased risk compared to patients who achieved both target levels (hazard ratio [HR], 1.569; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.316 to 7.778; P=0.581), patients who only achieved the cyclosporine target concentration showed an increased risk of rejection compared to the both achievement group (HR, 4.112; 95% CI, 1.583 to 10.683; P=0.004). Patients who had no achievement in the target levels showed significantly increased rejection risk compared to the patients who achieved both target levels (HR, 17.811; 95% CI, 3.072 to 103.28; P=0.001). Conclusions: Mycophenolic acid trough concentration monitoring combined with cyclosporine trough concentration monitoring is useful for avoiding acute cellular rejection if the first 1 year post-transplantation.
Testing the Allelopathic Effect of Festuca paniculata In Sub-Alpine Grasslands

An active filter suppresses harmonic current components flowing through a power supply, to which a compensation object load including a harmonic component source and a capacitive load is coupled. The active filter supplies a compensation current Ic in accordance with an output of a subtracter coupled to current transformers for detecting the load current I1 and the capacitive load current If, respectively. Thus, the compensation current Ic supplied from the active filter corresponds to and compensates only for the harmonic current components generated by the harmonic component source. The capacitive load current If is excluded from control operation. Thus, the positive feedback of the system is avoided, and stable control operation can be obtained.
Association between Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and The Risk of RecurrentColorectal Adenomas: Renewed Meta-Analysis

Aim: Previous studies reported uncertain results on the relationship between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and colorectal adenomas. We performed a renewed meta-analysis investigating the efficacy and safety of NSAIDS in preventing the colorectal adenoma recurrence. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Medicine, Cochrane library, and Emase database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 2018. Data, bias, and quality were extracted and assessed by two independent reviewers. The random-effects model of Stata 12.0 was used for data analysis. Results: This study included 13 RCTs. Aspirin and rofecoxib/celecoxib decreased the risk of recurrent adenomas with risk ratios (RR) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74-0.93, P=0.248, I2=26%, high-quality) and 0.63 (0.58-0.68, P=0.8, I2=0% high-quality), respectively. Subgroup analysis of 4and 5-year follow-up for adenoma recurrence, respectively, 1.02 (0.84-1.24, P=0.127, I2=51.5% moderate-quality); and 1.15 (0.88-1.50, P=0.026, I2=72.6% very low-quality) and advanced adenomas, respectively, 0.88 (0.68-1.14, P=0.479, I2=0% high-quality); and 1.16 ( 0.82 -1.63, P=0.364, I2=1.0% high-quality). Conclusion: NSAIDS decreased risks of recurrent adenomas, and results of 1and 3-year follow-up were similar, but long-term 4or 5-year followup showed that NSAIDS did not prevent the recurrence of adenomas. However, long-term rofecoxib and celecoxib were related to serious cardiovascular disorders and major bleeding; therefore, we suggest that the duration of rofecoxib and celecoxib prophylactic treatment for adenoma recurrence should not be more than 3 years.
New Records of Kazachstania Species in Taiwan

Seven yeast strains isolated from the soil in Northern Taiwan were identified as Kazachstania africana, Kazachstania exigua and Kazachstania yakushimaensis, based on morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics. This discovery marked the first finding of this genus, which is represented by these three species, in Taiwan. The DNA sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes were identical to or less than three nucleotides different from that of the respective type strains. In this paper, morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics of the strains representing these three species are described.
A Protein‐Based, Water‐Insoluble, and Bendable Polymer with Ionic Conductivity: A Roadmap for Flexible and Green Electronics

Proteins present an ecofriendly alternative to many of the synthetic components currently used in electronics. They can therefore in combination with flexibility and electroactivity uncover a range of new opportunities in the field of flexible and green electronics. In this study, silk‐based ionic conductors are turned into stable thin films by embedding them with 2D nanoclay platelets. More specifically, this material is utilized to develop a flexible and ecofriendly motion‐sensitive touchscreen device. The display‐like sensor can readily transmit light, is easy to recycle and can monitor the motion of almost any part of the human body. It also displays a significantly lower sheet resistance during bending and stretching regimes than the values typically reported for conventional metallic‐based conductors, and remains fully operational after mechanical endurance testing. Moreover, it can operate at high frequencies in the kilohertz (kHz) range under both normal and bending modes. Notably, our new technology is available through a simple one‐step manufacturing technique and can therefore easily be extended to large‐scale fabrication of electronic devices.