Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Consumer Experiences and Insurance Outcomes Following Plan Disenrollment in the Nongroup Insurance Market

Disenrollment from health plans purchased on Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplaces is frequent; little is known whether disenrollment from off-Marketplace plans is as common or about the experiences and consequences of disenrollment. Using longitudinal administrative data on 2017-2018 nongroup plan enrollment linked with survey data, we analyze plan disenrollment in one regional insurance carrier servicing three states. Overall, 71% of enrollees disenrolled from their 2017 plan. Disenrollment was associated with purchasing through an ACA Marketplace, the carrier making significant changes to an enrollee’s plan benefit design, being healthier, being younger, and paying a higher premium for their 2017 plan in 2018. Experiencing financial burden or poor access to preferred providers was not associated with disenrollment. Most disenrollees (93.2%) enrolled in other coverage, often at a lower premium, but lacked confidence that they could afford needed care. These results can inform policy to support enrollees through coverage transitions and foster stability in the nongroup market.
Investigation of the relationship between visual feature binding in short- and long-term memory in healthy aging

Binding visual features into coherent object representations is essential both in short- and long-term memory. However, the relationship between feature binding processes at different memory delays remains unexplored. Here, we addressed this question by using the Mnemonic Similarity Task and a delayed-estimation working memory task on a large sample of older adults. The results revealed that higher propensity to misbind object features in working memory is associated with lower lure discrimination performance in the mnemonic similarity task, suggesting that shared feature binding processes underlie the formation of coherent short- and long-term visual object memory representations.
Examination of developmental pathways from preschool temperament to early adolescent ADHD symptoms through initial responsiveness to reward

Abstract To identify sources of phenotypic heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) accounting for diversity in developmental/ pathogenic pathways, we examined, in a large sample of youth (N = 354), (a) associations between observed temperamental emotionality at age 3, an electrocortical index (i.e., reward positivity [RewP]) of initial responsiveness to reward at age 9, and ADHD symptoms at age 12, and (b) whether the association between emotionality and ADHD symptoms is mediated by initial responsiveness to reward. Bivariate analyses indicated greater positive emotionality (PE) was associated with enhanced RewP, lower age-9ADHD and lower age-12 inattention (IA). Negative emotionality (NE) was not associated with RewP or ADHD. Mediation analyses revealed the association between PE and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) was mediated by RewP; enhanced RewP was associated with greater H/I. Greater PE was associated with enhanced RewP at a trend level. These effects held accounting for age-9 ADHD, age-12 IA and age-12 oppositional defiant and conduct disorder symptoms. As such, preschool emotionality is associated with adolescent ADHD-H/I symptoms through late childhood initial responsiveness to reward. These relations indicate that individual differences in emotionality and reward responsiveness may be informative for personalizing ADHD interventions.
Significance of solute specificity, expression, and gating mechanism of tonoplast intrinsic protein during development and stress response in plants.

Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), belonging to the aquaporin (AQP) family, are transmembrane channels located mostly at the tonoplast of plant cells. The TIPs are known to transport water and many other small solutes such as ammonia, urea, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol. In the present review, phylogenetic distribution, structure, transport dynamics, gating mechanism, sub-cellular localization, tissue-specific expression and co-expression of TIPs are discussed to define their versatile role in plants. Based on the phylogenetic distribution, TIPs are classified into five distinct groups with distinct aromatic-arginine (Ar/R) selectivity filters, typical pore-morphology, and tissue-specific gene expression patterns. The tissue-specific expression of TIPs is conserved among diverse plant species, more particularly for TIP3s, which are expressed exclusively in seeds. Studying TIP3 evolution will help to understand seed development and germination. The solute specificity of TIPs plays an imperative role in physiological processes like stomatal movement and vacuolar sequestration as well as in alleviating environmental stress. TIPs also play an important role in growth and developmental processes like radicle protrusion, anther dehiscence, seed germination, cell elongation, and expansion. The gating mechanism of TIPs regulates the solute flow in response to external signals, which helps to maintain the physiological functions of the cell. TIPs also play an important role in the growth and developmental processes like radicle protrusion, anther dehiscence, seed germination, cell elongation, and expansion. The information provided in this review is a base to explore TIP's potential in crop improvement programs.
Association Between Cerebral Desaturation and Postoperative Delirium in Thoracotomy With One-Lung Ventilation: A Prospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: The association between cerebral desaturation and postoperative delirium in thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation (OLV) has not been specifically studied. METHODS: A prospective observational study performed in thoracic surgical patients. Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (Scto2) was monitored on the left and right foreheads using a near-infrared spectroscopy oximeter. Baseline Scto2 was measured with patients awake and breathing room air. The minimum Scto2 was the lowest measurement at any time during surgery. Cerebral desaturation and hypersaturation were an episode of Scto2 below and above a given threshold for ≥15 seconds during surgery, respectively. The thresholds based on relative changes by referring to the baseline measurement were <80%, <85%, <90%, <95%, and <100% baseline for desaturation and >105%, >110%, >115%, and >120% baseline for hypersaturation. The thresholds based on absolute values were <50%, <55%, <60%, <65%, and <70% for desaturation and >75%, >80%, >85%, and >90% for hypersaturation. The given area under the threshold (AUT)/area above the threshold (AAT) was analyzed. Delirium was assessed until postoperative day 5. The primary analysis was the association between the minimum Scto2 and delirium using multivariable logistic regression controlled for confounders (age, OLV time, use of midazolam, occurrence of hypotension, and severity of pain). The secondary analysis was the association between cerebral desaturation/hypersaturation and delirium, and between the AUT/AAT and delirium using multivariable logistic regression controlled for the same confounders. Multiple testing was corrected using the Holm-Bonferroni method. We additionally monitored somatic tissue oxygen saturation on the forearm and upper thigh. RESULTS: Delirium occurred in 35 (20%) of 175 patients (65 ± 6 years old). The minimum left or right Scto2 was not associated with delirium. Cerebral desaturation defined by <90% baseline for left Scto2 (odds ratio [OR], 5.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12-19.2; corrected P =.008) and <85% baseline for right Scto2 (OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 1.77-11.0; corrected P =.01) was associated with an increased risk of delirium. Cerebral desaturation defined by other thresholds, cerebral hypersaturation, the AUT/AAT, and somatic desaturation and hypersaturation were all not associated with delirium. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral desaturation defined by <90% baseline for left Scto2 and <85% baseline for right Scto2, but not the minimum Scto2, may be associated with an increased risk of postthoracotomy delirium. The validity of these thresholds needs to be tested by randomized controlled trials.
Plasma cholesterol levels and short-term adaptations of metabolism and milk production during feed restriction in early lactating dairy cows on pasture.

Low plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentrations are characteristic during the negative energy balance in early lactating dairy cows. The objective was to investigate short-term effects of different TC concentrations during an aggravated energy deficiency through a 1-week concentrate withdrawal on adaptations of metabolism and milk production. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 15) were investigated during 3 week beginning at 24 ± 7 DIM (mean ± SD). Cows were kept on pasture and received additional concentrate in experimental week 1 and 3, while in week 2, concentrate was withdrawn. Blood was sampled once and milk twice daily. Based on their average TC concentration during week 1 (prior to concentrate withdrawal), cows were retrospectively assigned into a high (H-Chol; n = 8, TC ≥ 3.36 mmol/L) and a low TC groups (L-Chol; n = 7, TC < 3.36 mmol/L). Concentrations of phospholipids and lipoproteins were higher in H-Chol compared to L-Chol throughout the study (p < 0.05). During concentrate withdrawal, milk yield, glucose and insulin concentrations decreased similarly in both groups, while milk fat, milk acetone and plasma BHB were higher in H-Chol compared to L-Chol (p < 0.05). Compared to initial values, plasma NEFA, TAG and VLDL increased in both groups within 2 days after concentrate withdrawal (p < 0.05). Concentrations of NEFA during week 2 were greater in L-Chol compared to H-Chol (p < 0.05). Despite reintroduction of concentrate, milk yield in H-Chol remained lower for two more days compared to week 1 (p < .05), whereas milk yield recovered immediately in L-Chol. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase was higher in H-Chol compared to L-Chol in week 2 (p < 0.05). Greater plasma TC concentrations were associated with a reduced increase of NEFA. Further research is warranted if TC concentrations are related to adipose tissue mobilization and fatty acid turnover.
Return to Sport After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Patellar instability is frequently encountered in the athletic population. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a common strategy to treat recurrent patellar dislocation and demonstrates good clinical outcomes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to examine return to sport after MPFL reconstruction for patellar instability. We hypothesized that patients would resume athletic activity at a high rate and that a large proportion would return to their preoperative level of performance. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to identify articles reporting return to sport after MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation. Athletes were defined as those reporting a preoperative sport. A random-effects model was used to evaluate return to sport rates, subsequent level, and rate of instability recurrence. Meta-regression was used to compare return to sport rates in patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction without osteotomy compared with those treated with simultaneous tibial tubercle osteotomy or trochleoplasty. Results: In total, 23 articles met inclusion criteria after full-text review. A total of 930 patients were analyzed, including 786 athletes. Women represented 61.3% of all patients. The overall mean age was 21.1 years (range, 9.5-60.0 years), with a mean follow-up time of 3.0 years (range, 0.8-8.5 years). The return to sport rate was 92.8% (95% CI, 86.4-97.6). Patients returned to or surpassed their preoperative level of activity in 71.3% (95% CI, 63.7-78.4) of cases. An osteotomy was performed on 10.5% of athletes. Return to sport did not differ significantly in patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction without osteotomy versus those receiving additional osteotomy (95.4% vs 86.9%; P = .22). Patients returned to sport at a mean of 6.7 months (range, 3.0-6.4 months) postoperatively. Osteotomy did not affect return time. Complications occurred at an overall rate of 8.8%. The most common complication was recurrence of instability (1.9%; 95% CI, 0.4-4.0). The Kujala score was reported by 13 studies, with pre- and postoperative combined means of 60.3 and 90.0, respectively. Conclusion: MPFL reconstruction is an effective and reliable treatment in the setting of patellofemoral instability. Surgeons can counsel their patients that they can expect a high rate of return to sport after MPFL reconstruction surgery alone or with concomitant osteotomy.
HflX is a GTPase that controls hypoxia-induced replication arrest in slow-growing mycobacteria

Significance GTPases play essential roles in living organisms, functioning as molecular switches or timers in many fundamental cellular processes. HflX is a GTPase that is highly conserved in the entire prokaryotic kingdom and is involved in the stress response of bacteria. We show here that under hypoxic stress, by modulating the cell’s translational activity, HflX controls mycobacteria growth rate and entry into nonreplicating state. Our work assigns a physiological role to HflX in pathogenic mycobacteria, implicating this factor in one of the most elusive but critical phenomena of replication arrest, which is responsible for the worldwide TB drug resistance crisis and a major roadblock to successful shorter TB therapies. GTPase high frequency of lysogenization X (HflX) is highly conserved in prokaryotes and acts as a ribosome-splitting factor as part of the heat shock response in Escherichia coli. Here we report that HflX produced by slow-growing Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a GTPase that plays a critical role in the pathogen’s transition to a nonreplicating, drug-tolerant state in response to hypoxia. Indeed, HflX-deficient M. bovis BCG (KO) replicated markedly faster in the microaerophilic phase of a hypoxia model that resulted in premature entry into dormancy. The KO mutant displayed hallmarks of nonreplicating mycobacteria, including phenotypic drug resistance, altered morphology, low intracellular ATP levels, and overexpression of Dormancy (Dos) regulon proteins. Mice nasally infected with HflX KO mutant displayed increased bacterial burden in the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes during the chronic phase of infection, consistent with the higher replication rate observed in vitro in microaerophilic conditions. Unlike fast growing mycobacteria, M. bovis BCG HlfX was not involved in antibiotic resistance under aerobic growth. Proteomics, pull-down, and ribo-sequencing approaches supported that mycobacterial HflX is a ribosome-binding protein that controls translational activity of the cell. With HflX fully conserved between M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis, our work provides further insights into the molecular mechanisms deployed by pathogenic mycobacteria to adapt to their hypoxic microenvironment.
WHEAT GENOTYPES DIFFERED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THEIR RESPONSE TO SILICON NUTRITION UNDER SALINITY STRESS

We studied the growth and ionic composition of five wheat genotypes (Inqlab-91, Uqab 2002, SARC-1, SARC-3, and SARC-5) grown under salinity stress to applied silicon. Plants were grown with three levels of salinity [0, 60, and 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] in the presence of 0, 2, and 4 mM Si in nutrient solution for 40 days. Salinity stress significantly decreased shoot and root biomass in plants with varying degrees. Genotype SARC-3 exhibited higher salt tolerance than other genotypes. Silicon (Si) application significantly (P < 0.05) increased plant biomass at both control as well as under saline conditions. Genotypes differed significantly for their response to applied Si in terms of biomass production. Silicon application significantly (P < 0.01) increased potassium (K+) concentration in shoots. Enhanced salinity tolerance in wheat by Si application was attributed to increased K+ uptake thereby increasing K+/sodium (Na+) ratio and lower Na+ translocation towards shoot.
Evaluation of Exposure Metrics for Effect Assessment of Soil Invertebrates

Risk and hazard assessments for the soil environment are performed on the basis of the total content of a contaminant in the dry bulk soil. Presently, scientific evidence is emerging and indicating that pore water may be a more relevant exposure medium for uptake of chemicals by biota and plants in soil. To deduce the degree to which pore water concentrations are indeed a better metrics for quantifying uptake of organic chemicals by terrestrial biota (mostly invertebrates), a literature search was performed and the available evidence in favor of any metrics was gathered in the context of a mandate of the European Food Safety Authority. It is concluded that knowledge on uptake routes of contaminants by soil invertebrates is far from complete. Overall it is clear that uptake of organic contaminants depends on species, soil type, and the chemical properties. The mode of exposure of soil invertebrates is determined by the way animals are in contact with their local environment. Morphology, physiology, and behavior are important factors in this respect, as is the mode of uptake of food, water, and oxygen. The contribution of oral uptake may vary within a specific taxon but for soil organisms in close contact with the soil solution, pore water–mediated uptake is in general the dominant pathway and it is commonly modified by soil specific ageing and speciation, and by specific factors of the organisms, such as nutrition status. Residual uptake appears to be the most important uptake route following pore water–mediated uptake. It is likely that in this case, too, pore water is involved as carrier in or at the surface of the soil in which the chemicals are dissolved. Intraspecies (especially between different life stages) and interspecies variances (e.g., size and ecological preferences) will most likely modify the actual contribution of potential exposure pathways, and a distinction must be made between hard-bodied and soft-bodied organisms. Hard-bodied organisms rely for uptake of oxygen and water on specialized organs, whereas water (pore water) and oxygen are mainly taken up via the skin in soft-bodied organisms. Hard-bodied animals are nevertheless in contact with pore water, as shown for spiders, woodlice, and collembolans. Uptake of nutrients and chemicals is possible for all invertebrates via their food, and this may be an important route in case of food sources in which high concentrations of chemicals are present. The assimilation efficiency will however depend on species-specific properties of the digestive tract and no general conclusions are to be generated in this respect.
Production of Non-Alcoholic Fermented Plum Beverages

Around 70% of the total plum production in Iran is exported or consumed locally. The rest is not marketable due to its low quality or its extra offer. A novel yeast owning peculiar property of producing high carbon dioxide concentration without alcohol production was isolated from Iranian white cheese whey. The yeast Candida colliculosa was identified morphologically and biochemically and its desired property of natural carbonation was exploited to produce a non-alcoholic naturally carbonated plum beverage. The fruit beverages were prepared using two plum varieties; yellow Golden Drop (Prunus domestica ssp. Syriaca/ Mirabelle) and red Ghermez (Prunus divaricata var caspica). The prepared beverages had acceptable sensory quality, high carbonation (~1.6 bar) and physico-chemical properties at the end of 90 day of storage th
Allogeneic adipose‐derived stem cells mitigate acute radiation syndrome by the rescue of damaged bone marrow cells from apoptosis

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is the radiation toxicity that can affect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems upon accidental radiation exposure within a short time. Currently, there are no effective and safe approaches to treat mass population exposure to ARS. Our study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of allogeneic adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) for total body irradiation (TBI)‐induced ARS and understand the underlying mitigation mechanism. We employed 9.25 Gy TBI dose to C57BL/6 mice and studied the effect of allogeneic ASCs on mice survival and regeneration of the hematopoietic system. Our results indicate that intraperitoneal‐injected ASCs migrated to the bone marrow, rescued hematopoiesis, and improved the survival of irradiated mice. Our transwell coculture results confirmed the migration of ASCs to irradiated bone marrow and rescue hematopoietic activity. Furthermore, contact coculture of ASCs improved the survival and hematopoiesis of irradiated bone marrow in vitro. Irradiation results in DNA damage, upregulation of inflammatory signals, and apoptosis in bone marrow cells, while coculture with ASCs reduces apoptosis via activation of DNA repair and the antioxidation system. Upon exposure to irradiated bone marrow cells, ASCs secrete prosurvival and hematopoietic factors, such as GM‐CSF, MIP1α, MIP1β, LIX, KC, 1P‐10, Rantes, IL‐17, MCSF, TNFα, Eotaxin, and IP‐10, which reduces oxidative stress and rescues damaged bone marrow cells from apoptosis. Our findings suggest that allogeneic ASCs therapy is effective in mitigating TBI‐induced ARS in mice and may be beneficial for clinical adaptation to treat TBI‐induced toxicities. Further studies will help to advocate the scale‐up and adaptation of allogeneic ASCs as the radiation countermeasure.
Psychological burden of asthma in adolescents and their parents

Abstract Introduction Asthma, a common chronic disease in adolescents is impacted by factors affecting quality of life. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial factors of adolescents with asthma and their parents. Methods The study included 122 adolescents with asthma, 82 healthy controls, and their parents who completed the Asthma Control Test (ACT), Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Results The mean age was 14.2 ± 1.9 years. ACT score was high and depression was low in patients with good treatment compliance. As the age of the first asthma symptoms/diagnosis increased, somatization, anxiety, hostility and general psychopathology scores increased, as did the somatization score of parents. Parental anxiety score was not related with adolescent BSI scores in the controls but in the study group when it was higher, the anxiety, depression, somatization, and general psychopathology scores were higher. PAQLQ showed that anxiety, negative self-esteem, somatization, depression, and general psychopathology were higher in patients concerned about asthma. Depression and somatization scores were higher in the parents of patients who perceived that “Treatment does not contribute to asthma control. ” Somatization scores were higher among parents of patients who noted: “Asthma will not pass in the long-term” and “I cannot control asthma. ” Conclusion Higher scores of asthma patients who were anxious about the disease and families who were despondent about treatment demonstrate that health care providers should spend more time informing patients and caregivers. Increasing patient treatment compliance during early adolescence will lessen the psychological burden of the disease.
The Development of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines and Current Barriers to Implementation

ABSTRACT The identification of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent of multiple cancers allowed for the development of vaccines and immunization strategies to prevent cancers caused by HPV infection. The public health ramifications of reduction of HPV disease burden are momentous in scope. Vaccine hesitancy has impacted widespread vaccination, but strategies have been identified to combat vaccine safety and efficacy misinformation and promote immunization.