Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUBJECT POSITION AND INFORMATION STRUCTURE IN L2 SPANISH

Abstract This study investigates the acquisition of the constraints regulating subject position in the L2 Spanish spoken by English native speakers and provides a representational account following the premises of the Multiple Grammars (MG) model. The acceptability of preverbal and postverbal subjects is compared considering different discursive contexts (i.e., broad focus, Verbal Phase [VP] focus, and subject focus). Three groups (i.e., native speakers, intermediate learners, and advanced learners), with 28 subjects each, took part in the study. Findings show that advanced speakers behave in a more nativelike manner than intermediate learners. Learners, nonetheless, are not capable of blocking the acceptability of preverbal subjects in those contexts in which native speakers disfavor them and show high productivity levels of underspecified L2 rules that lead them to accept postverbal subjects in infelicitous contexts (e.g., VP focus). These results are consistent with MG, the representation model proposed by Amaral and Roeper (2014), because an acquisition path can be described using simple rules with lexical or pragmatic restrictions, which may be targetlike. Optionality can be explained considering that L1 and L2 rules coexist and are never deleted, simply assigned different productivity levels or blocked.
Twins of Mistaken Zygosity (TOMZ): Evidence for Genetic Contributions to Dietary Patterns and Physiologic Traits

Abstract Twin designs, comparing correlations in monozygotic (MZ) versus dizygotic (DZ) twins, have an extensive history. One major confounder in such studies is that MZ twins may share postnatal environmental influences more so than do DZ twins. To avoid such confounding, twins separated at or soon after birth have been studied, but their scarcity often makes this approach impractical. Another method has been to measure the degree of contact twins have maintained over time, and adjust the observed correlations. Here, we remove confounding by utilizing the discrepancy between biological and self-perceived zygosity to separate environmental from genetic sources of twin similarity. We analyzed dietary patterns and physiologic traits in 350 female twin pairs of the 1988 Kaiser Permanente Twin Registry. Among twin pairs, 175 were MZ by self-report and genetic testing (MZC), 136 were DZ by self-report and genetic testing (DZC), 30 were MZ by genetic testing but not by self-report (MZW), and 9 were DZ by genetic testing but not by self-report (DZW) but were excluded due to small sample size. For healthy food patterns, MZC and MZW intraclass correlations were similar and greater than for DZC, yielding positive and significant heritability estimates. For unhealthy food patterns, the MZC, MZW and DZC correlations were similar with no significant heritability. For physiologic traits, MZC and MZW correlations were similar and higher than those for DZC, indicating significant heritability, except for insulin for which MZW and DZC were similar and which showed modest heritability. Twins of mistaken zygosity (TOMZ) provides a useful approach to robust determination of heritability.
Growth Patterns in Young Adult Monozygotic Twin Pairs Discordant and Concordant for Obesity

Abstract Weight discordance is very rare in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs; when found, however, such pairs are advantageous in the search for either environmental or epigenetic causes and consequences of obesity. We analyzed the growth patterns of young adult MZ pairs discordant and concordant for obesity. Screening 5 consecutive birth cohorts (1975–1979) of 22- to 27-year-old Finnish twins (the FinnTwin16 study), we found 14 obesity discordant (Body Mass Index [BMI] difference ≥ 4 kg/m2) MZ pairs out of 658. Ten pairs participated in clinical studies. Nine concordant pairs (BMI difference ≤ 2 kg/m2) were examined as controls. Lifetime measured heights and weights recorded in hospitals and health centers were traced manually. Height development was similar in all the co-twins of both groups. The weight differences between the co-twins of the discordant pairs began to emerge at 18 years leading to an average discordance of 16.4 kg, 5.6 kg/m2(p for both = .005) at 25.7 years. The heavier co-twin weighed 221 g (p = .066), 1.0 kg/m2 (p = .01) more already at birth than the leaner, but the differences waned by 6 months of age and reappeared only after adolescence. Both the leaner and the heavier co-twins of the discordant pairs weighed more than expected by the singleton reference values (Cole et al., 1998) after 8 years. The concordant co-twins, on the other hand, grew similarly and after 6 months, their mean growth was not distinguishable from the singleton patterns. Young adulthood represents a critical period of gaining weight irrespective of genetic background in this twin sample.
Parents' and teachers' ratings of problem behaviours in children: genetic and contrast effects

Abstract We obtained ratings on the Conners' scales from teachers (CTRS-28) and parents (CPRS-48) for 61 monozygotic and 64 dizygotic twin pairs, aged between 7 and 11 years. Model-fitting analyses were carried out to estimate the extent of genetic and environmental influences on problem behaviours, and to explore possible contrast effects in ratings by parents and teachers. Confirming previous findings with other measures, there was evidence of moderate to strong genetic effects on a range of problem behaviours. Parents' ratings on the Anxiety, Impulsive-Hyperactive and Learning Problem sub-scales showed significant evidence of contrast effects. There was no evidence of such rater bias or competitive sibling interaction effects in ratings by teachers, or in parents' ratings on the Conduct Problem and Psychosomatic sub-scales. Twin Research (2000) 3, 251–258.
The Guangzhou Twin Project

Abstract The Guangzhou Twin Registry, initiated in 2005, is a population-based registry of twins born between 1987 and 2000. To date, over 9700 pairs of twins, regardless of their health and medical history, were enrolled in the database using the Official Household Registry of Guangzhou City. The twins were subsequently verified by door-to-door visits based on the registry address. The primary goal of this registry is to develop a resource for genetic epidemiological studies on common diseases in the southern Chinese population. The initial focus is to distinguish the genetic and environmental determinants of eye diseases, in particular myopia and glaucoma. About 1000 pairs of twins living close to the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were invited for the first phenotyping examination, questionnaire administration and DNA collection in July and August 2006. An annual eye examination and other phenotype data collection have been scheduled for up to 5 years in order to investigate changes in phenotypes including the myopia progression, physical development and the changes of other eye-related phenotypes. Recruitment of adult twins aged 50 years and over is underway in the same city with the assistance of the government.
Effect of pH and alum dosage on the efficiency of microalgae harvesting via flocculation technique

ABSTRACT Microalgae biomass is well known as a potential sustainable product for bio-based industry, which has reported encountering numerous difficulties during biomass harvesting and recovering. This study examined the effect of pH (5–12) and alum dosage (30–180 mg/L) for microalgae Botryococcus sp. harvested via flocculation technique. The optimum pH condition for Botryococcus sp. harvesting was measured to be 9.2, and the alum dosage was 100 mg/L. Both optimum values successfully harvested up to 95% microalgae biomass. This study revealed that flocculation efficiencies for alum are highly dependent on the range of pH and coagulant dosage that were applied during the process. Use of flocculation technique with alum as a coagulant represents a convenient technique for Botryococcus sp. biomass harvesting and is recommended for use in both small- and large-scale biomass industries.
Age- and Sex-differences in the Validity of Questionnaire-based Zygosity in Twins

Abstract Questionnaire-based zygosity assessment in twins has generally been found to be valid. In this report we evaluate sex- and age-differences in the validity of such questionnairebased classification when using the four questions that have been the basis of zygosity assessment in The Danish Twin Registry for half a century. Three hundred and forty-two male and 531 female twin pairs were zygosity diagnosed using genetic markers and the results compared with the original questionnaire based classification. We found significant differences in the accuracy of questionnaire based zygosity diagnosis when stratifying the data for sex as well as age: males and monozygotic having the highest misclassification. However, even in the group with the highest misclassification rate the frequency was less than 8%. The overall misclassification rate was only 4%, with a clear tendency towards a higher proportion of misclassified monozygotic than dizygotic twins. The results demonstrate that questionnaire based zygosity diagnosis can still be regarded as a valid and valuable classification method for most purposes.
The Relation Between Insulin Resistance and Hemostasis: Pleiotropic Genes and Common Environment

Abstract Risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), including prethrombotic changes in hemostasis, cluster with the insulin resistance (IR) syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent the relation between IR and hemostatic risk factors is due to shared genes or environmental factors. Multivariate genetic analysis was performed using a total of 314 (107 monozygotic and 207 dizygotic) twin pairs on IR assessed by HOMA, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor XIII Bsubunit. The relationship between IR and the 6 hemostatic factors could best be explained by an independent pathway model consisting of 2 common genetic factors, one of which influenced IR and all hemostatic factors, and 3 common environmental factors, each representing the shared variance between IR and different aspects of the hemostatic system. Genetic correlations between IR and hemostatic proteins were larger than their environmental counterparts. Since IR and prethrombotic changes are features of both diabetes and CHD, the finding of one set of pleiotropic genes warrants the identification of these common pathways which may provide new avenues for treatment and prevention of both diabetes and CHD.
Kinetic Study on Pb(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions on Carbon Materials

The adsorption of lead ions (Pb (II)) ions from aqueous solutions was studied. Different types of carbon materials, such as high-porous carbon, BAU-A activated carbon, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (pristine and oxidized), were used as adsorbents. To describe kinetic dependences for the Pb (II) extraction from aqueous solutions with those materials, the following models were implemented: pseudo-first-and pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich. The adequacy of applying the pseudo-second-order equation was presented for characterizing the Pb (II) adsorption on the carbon materials under study. Thus, it was found that the interaction between the adsorbed ions and the functional groups of the adsorbents makes an important contribution to the overall rate of the process. Finally, the time of achieving equilibrium, the adsorption rate constants and the maximum adsorption capacity were empirically determined for all the adsorbents.
MOOC As an Enabler for Achieving Professional Competence: Problem-Solving Aspect

The prerequisites for this research included the rapid development and constant modernization of massive open online courses (MOOCs) and their dissemination in higher education, in particular, in the preparation of medical practitioners of various specialties. The present investigation was conducted among two groups of students of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (experimental and control, 48 and 46 people respectively). For the control group, a standard MOOC with a training design characteristic of the vast majority of similar courses was proposed. The experimental group took the MOOC with additional learning strategies. Results showed the introduction of collaborative learning and decision-making assignments in e-education could overcome the challenges of MOOCs or at least significantly reduce their negative impact on the learning process. The share of experimental group participants who completed the training course and passed all the tests was 78.26%, while in the control group, their part was only 39.58%. The study findings can be widely applied when designing new MOOC curricula or improving the existing courses.
Authentic Happiness

This article discusses L. W. Sumner's theory of well-being as authentic happiness. I distinguish between extreme and moderate versions of subjectivism and argue that Sumner's characterization of the conditions of authenticity leads him to an extreme subjective theory. More generally, I also criticize Sumner's argument for the subjectivity of welfare. I conclude by addressing some of the implications of my arguments for theories of well-being in philosophy and welfare measurement in the social sciences.
Application of the hydroxyl tagging velocimetry to direct-connect supersonic combustor experiment

For the purpose of measuring the flow velocity in a scramjet test model, an special designed measurement system was established, including the strong vibration suppression, optical transport consideration, the movable device etc. The interference of the strong vibration to the velocity measurements was avoided by two ICCD cameras capturing the reference tag lines image and moved tag lines image together during an experiment. According to the tag lines image feature, data processing including correlation algorithm, data fitting by a Gauss function were used respectively to extract the positions of the reference tag lines and the moved tag lines. The velocity measurements were carried out at the isolation section and the cavity section. The results showed that the well SNR could be achieved in the H2/air combustion heating flow, but in the kerosene fuel combustion flow, the measurements images might be interfered by the strong OH background from the chemical reaction, and the signal intensity could be reduced due to the tag laser attenuation through the absorption by kerosene vapor. But when the combustor model was run at a low chemical equivalent, the interference could be suppressed to an accepted level.
Effect of circadian rhythm on selected motor fitness heart rate and body temperature of sprinter in winter month

Circadian rhythm is a 24-hour psychological and physiological fluctuations. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the circadian effect on selected motor fitness components, heart rate and body temperature of the sprinter in winter month. Ten male sprinters (MEAN±SD; age23.88±1.35year; weight60±1.61kg, height165±1.42cm, with 3.0±2.0 year training period)were chosen. The motor fitness, heart rate and body temperature were chosen as variables. One way repeated measure ANOVA was used to find out mean difference is significant or not at three different time of day (8am, 12:00 pm and 4:00pm). Post-hoc test was used to identify differences between three different times of day (08am, 12:00pm and 4:00pm). The result of the investigation showed no significant circadian impact on speed, agility, explosive leg power and heart rate but significant difference was observed on body temperature. Where as speed, agility, explosive leg power, heart rate showed significantly mean variation. It is concluded that selected motor fitness and heart rate variables indicated no significant circadian effect but significant effect was observed on body temperature of male sprinters.
ROLE OF ACRYLIC AND MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE BASED SYNTHETIC TANNING AGENT IN THERMO-MECHANICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR TANNED COLLAGEN

Three different samples of cow softy leather (i.e. CSM0A0, CSM3A0 and CSM0A3) have been prepared from a chrome tanned cow wet blue of Indian origin. CSM0A0 is the control sample wherein neither melamine formaldehyde based nor polyacrylate based syntan has been added. CSM3A0 and CSM0A3 contain 3% melamine formaldehyde based and 3% polyacrylate based syntan, respectively in addition to the other common auxiliaries used in all three samples. Other physical and chemical operations are maintained same in all the three samples. Thermal, mechanical and hydrodynamic swelling behavior of these three samples have been studied, and tried to be correlated with the crosslinking densities of the samples. The hydrodynamic swelling behavior has been studied in three different solvents (e.g. water, toluene and xylene) assuming definite solvent-cow collagen interaction parameters, and crosslink densities have been evaluated by applying the Flory-Rehner equation. While studying the mechanical behavior, some distinguished theoretical models (e.g. Mooney-Rivlin, Flory, and Martin, Roth & Stiehler (MRS)) have been tried to be fit with the experimental results obtained in stress- stain analyses. In this process, few constants for cow Cr tanned leather have been derived, which has not been reported in the literature till date.
Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying and Online Harassment: The Role of Expectancy Violations

The present study extends expectancy violations theory to investigate bystander behavior during cyberbullying and online harassment incidents. Adult participants (N = 368) recalled a recent incident of cyberbullying or online harassment that they observed as a witness and assessed the expectedness and valence of the incidents. Results suggest that incidents were largely seen as negative and as violations of the participants’ expectations. Furthermore, the negative valence of the incident moderated the effects of unexpectedness on bystander behavior. Specifically, the more participants saw incidents as unexpected and negative, the less likely they were to passively stand by and observe the incident or join in with the perpetrators. Theoretical and practical implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
The Fuzzy Pattern Recognition for Motor Imagery EEG

Motor Imagery Electroencephalography (MI-EEG) is a nonlinear signal with multiscale and fuzzy characteristics and its recognition has good applications for the rehabilitation of stroke or hemiplegia patients. In the previous study, few of experts develop fuzzy recognition methods from the point of MI-EEG signal characteristics. In this paper, the improved Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy (IMFE) is integrated with Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM) based on Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) to yield a novel fuzzy recognition method, denoted as IF-FSVM. IMFE is applied to extract the features of MI-EEG signals. And the fuzzy memberships of the features are calculated by using FCM. Furthermore, FSVM is employed as a classifier to recognize the pattern of movement imagination for MI-EEG. Experiments are performed on a public BCI competition dataset, and the results of 10-fold Cross Validation show that IF-FSVM yields relatively higher classification accuracy compared with some common used recognition methods.
Mechanism of Vanadium-Catalyzed Deoxydehydration of Vicinal Diols: Spin-Crossover-Involved Processes

Vanadium-catalyzed deoxydehydration (DODH) reactions provide a cost-effective approach for the conversion of vicinal diols to olefin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing M06 and M06-L methods were conducted to clarify the mechanism of V-catalyzed DODH. Three types of mechanisms generally proposed for transition-metal-catalyzed DODH, associated with the previously omitted spin crossover processes, were considered herein. As a result, a different catalytic cycle including a new olefin-formation mechanism was located, which is in contrast to the findings of a recent study. We found that the favorable mechanism involves the condensation of diols to form vanadium(V) diolate, reduction of the vanadium(V) diolate by PPh3, and spin-crossover steps to form a triplet vanadium(III) diolate. Thereafter, single C–O bond cleavage occurs followed by another spin crossover to form a singlet alkylvanadium(V) intermediate. The final concerted V–O/C–O bo.
Farm activities adopted by Chhattisgarh state tribal and non-tribal farm families with regard to chemical fertilizers and productivity

The present study aims to study the adoption of various crop husbandry practices by the tribal and non tribal farming communities. The findings of this investigation relied on the primary data collected from 480 farm families using stratified random sampling method. Rice was found as the major crop of both the tribal and non tribal areas during wet season. Grasspea and chickpea were the popular rabi crops amongst the non tribal areas, whereas the cultivation area of crops after rice in tribal areas was found quite less with low cropping intensity. Broadcasting method of rice cultivation is still popular in both the areas. The productivity levels of most popular crops in tribal areas are far behind than the non tribal areas except wheat may be due to the poor plant nutrient management in such areas. Thus the significant difference in nutrient application can overcome by imparting training and capacity building programs for all the farmers in general and tribal farmers in particular. The findings of this study further envisaged the need of intensive extension efforts and input support to the tribal farming communities for better adoption, enhanced productivity and profit maximization for equitable growth and development.
Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice

Abstract There is an interest in involving psychology students in early practical activities, which allow them to learn in a more meaningful and authentic way. In these instances, they must apply knowledge, solve problems and demonstrate professional skills associated with the graduate competencies that they are expected to achieve. The present work seeks to position experiential learning as a means to reach these goals. With this aim, an intervention on experiential learning with second year students from a developmental psychology course is presented, describing its design, implementation and assessment. The students observed and interviewed schoolchildren to determine an area of development in which they needed stimulation and enrichment for a healthy development. Then, they created a pedagogical tool to do so, testing its application on the same children sample. The results showed a positive perception from the students, teachers and beneficiaries of the proposal. Likewise, the students reported the perception of having learned more than in a subject in which this methodology is not used; this difference was statistically significant.