Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid spread of Schmallenberg virus-infected biting midges (Culicoides spp.) across Denmark in 2012.

Detection of Schmallenberg virus RNA, using real-time RT-PCR, in biting midges (Culicoides spp.) caught at 48 locations in 2011 and four well-separated farms during 2012 in Denmark, revealed a remarkably rapid spread of virus-infected midges across the country. During 2012, some 213 pools of obsoletus group midges (10 specimens per pool) were examined, and of these, 35 of the 174 parous pools were Schmallenberg virus RNA positive and 11 of them were positive in the heads. Culicoides species-specific PCRs identified both C. obsoletus and C. dewulfi as vectors of Schmallenberg virus.
Introducing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for developing Decision Support System for Triage at Emergency Room Admissions for the Elderly

Abstract This work presents a Fuzzy Cognitive Map Medical Decision Support System (FCM-MDSS) for supporting the triaging of elderly patients arriving in the emergency room for medical assistance while trying to minimize unnecessary admission and/or over/undertriaging. A Fuzzy Cognitive Map MDSS architecture is developed and described here based on existing medical protocols on patient triaging, along with the consultation support of emergency care nurses and physicians.
Notch1 and Notch2 have opposite prognostic effects on patients with colorectal cancer.

I read with interest the article by Chu and colleagues [1] revealing the prognostic role of Notch1 and Notch2 in colorectal cancer. Their clinical tumor specimens over 1000 are outstanding, and follow-up data of survival are valuable. However, I have several comments and questions regarding this study. First, it would be interesting to know whether Notch1 or Notch2 expression is a functional marker or just a surrogate marker in predicting prognosis. To address this question, it should be examined whether the activated forms of Notch1 and/or Notch2 proteins were expressed in the specimens. After ligand stimulation, Notch receptors are well known to be processed by proteases, resulting in truncated forms, which are called an activated form. Therefore, in western blotting, a truncated band will be detected in case of active state of Notch receptors. In their previous reports [2, 3], the size of bands in western blotting was unique, and these appeared to be non-truncated bands. These proteins can be confirmed by using an antibody against Val 1744, which is able to recognize the truncated (activated) form of Notch proteins specifically. Alternatively, Hes-1 expression might be useful. The authors mentioned that the localization of Notch1 and Notch2 was mainly the cytoplasm and cell membrane [2–4], suggesting that Notch1 and Notch2 are inactive. On the other hand, if Notch signaling is activated, next interest is whether the mechanism of activation is ligand-dependent or ligandindependent, or whether a specific ligand in adjacent cells binds to glycosylated or nonglycosylated receptors. Moreover, in that case, molecular-targeted therapy might be promising [5], considering that Kaplan–Meier survival curves in their studies [1, 4] are quite impressive. Second, I think it would be required to recognize Notch1 expression in tumor vasculature, instead of tumor itself. Notch1 and Notch4 are also known to be involved in vascular endothelial cells. However, in their papers [2, 3], total tissue proteins (perhaps including vascular cells) were subjected to western blotting. My concern is that contaminated tumor vascular endothelial cells, in addition to tumor cells, might be evaluated in western blotting. To confirm the results precisely, figures of immunohistochemistry (missed in their studies [1–4]) will give us the definite information on distribution and intensity of Notch1 protein both within tumor itself and within tumor vasculature. Anyway, the authors stated that Notch1 was highly expressed with depth of invasion, especially in T4 and T3, and that depth of invasion is a very important prognostic factor [4]. That is why tumor vasculature with deep infiltrate depth should be separated from tumor itself and carefully evaluated. Taken together, I believe that, through this discussion, this study with large number of clinical samples will be valuable and contribute to future clinical outcome in colorectal cancer treatment.
Instabilität und Impingement an der Schulter des Leistungssportlers mit Überkopfbelastung

: The present prospective study was performed on 89 competitive sportsmen (league players of handball, basketball, volleyball and water polo). The evaluation was based on information obtained from a review of training methods, a standardised anamnestic, physical and sonographic examination directed at pain, function, flexibility and all signs of impingement and instability of the shoulder counted in a score. The incidence of shoulder pain, which handicapped during training and play within the last 6 months was for water polo 60%, handball 40%, volleyball 25% and basketball 3.5%. Analysing these problems we found severe problems predominantly in handball, fewer in water polo or volleyball. According to data obtained from sports with throwing activity we found a high incidence of shoulder disorders. Using basketball players as a control group with less throwing activity our results would suggest that this mechanism seems to be the most important. The high incidence of severe disorders in handball players is additionally caused by traumatic injuries. Ultrasonography shows predominantly incomplete tears of the deep surface of the supraspinatus tendon near to the insertion with exception of the basketball players. Only in 5 shoulders (2.8%) we found the coincidence of clear signs of instability and subacromial pathology. The term "instability impingement" has not proved to be very helpful and has turned out to be far too diffuse to establish a diagnosis.
Behavioral Telemedicine: A New Approach to the Continuous Nonintrusive Monitoring of Activities of Daily Living

A fully automated, passively activated data-acquisition system was developed to allow routine, continuous, nonobtrusive monitoring of selected Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADLs) and the production of a behavioral record that could be subjected to trend analysis. The monitoring system uses "off-the-shelf" technology - standard heat, motion, vibration, and electric current sensors - to record the presence or absence of selected behavior and the time, date, duration and frequency of occurrence of sensor signals. Unlike other telemedicine and personal response system applications, this approach monitors strictly object-oriented behavioral indicators. Hence, the individual is not required to wear any special apparatus nor press buttons. The individual continues to undertake her/his normal activity as if the system were not in place. Objects in the environment, e.g., pill bottle, the refrigerator door, a kitchen cabinet, are electronically monitored, but not the indiv.
Early improvement in eating attitudes during cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders: the impact of personality disorder cognitions.

BACKGROUND The personality disorders are commonly comorbid with the eating disorders. Personality disorder pathology is often suggested to impair the treatment of axis 1 disorders, including the eating disorders. AIMS This study examined whether personality disorder cognitions reduce the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for eating disorders, in terms of treatment dropout and change in eating disorder attitudes in the early stages of treatment. METHOD Participants were individuals with a diagnosed eating disorder, presenting for individual outpatient CBT. They completed measures of personality disorder cognitions and eating disorder attitudes at sessions one and six of CBT. Drop-out rates prior to session six were recorded. RESULTS CBT had a relatively rapid onset of action, with a significant reduction in eating disorder attitudes over the first six sessions. Eating disorder attitudes were most strongly associated with cognitions related to anxiety-based personality disorders (avoidant, obsessive-compulsive and dependent). Individuals who dropped out of treatment prematurely had significantly higher levels of dependent personality disorder cognitions than those who remained in treatment. For those who remained in treatment, higher levels of avoidant, histrionic and borderline personality disorder cognitions were associated with a greater change in global eating disorder attitudes. CONCLUSIONS CBT's action and retention of patients might be improved by consideration of such personality disorder cognitions when formulating and treating the eating disorders.
The Effects of Computerized Cognitive Control Training on Community Adults with Depressed Mood

Background: Depression is frequently characterized by patterns of inflexible, maladaptive, and ruminative thinking styles, which are thought to result from a combination of decreased attentional control, decreased executive functioning, and increased negative affect. Cognitive Control Training (CCT) uses computer-based behavioral exercises with the aim of strengthening cognitive and emotional functions. A previous study found that severely depressed participants who received CCT exhibited reduced negative affect and rumination as well as improved concentration. Aims: The present study aimed to extend this line of research by employing a more stringent control group and testing the efficacy of three sessions of CCT over a 2-week period in a community population with depressed mood. Method: Forty-eight participants with high Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scores were randomized to CCT or a comparison condition (Peripheral Vision Training; PVT). Results: Significant large effect sizes favoring CCT over PVT were found on the BDI-II (d = 0.73, p < .05) indicating CCT was effective in reducing negative mood. Additionally, correlations showed significant relationships between CCT performance (indicating ability to focus attention on CCT) and state affect ratings. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CCT is effective in altering depressed mood, although it may be specific to select mood dimensions.
A posteriori error estimation for elliptic eigenproblems

An a posteriori error estimator is presented for a subspace implementation of preconditioned inverse iteration, which derives from the well‐known inverse iteration in such a way that the associated system of linear equations is solved approximately by using a preconditioner. The error estimator is integrated in an adaptive multigrid algorithm to compute approximations of a modest number of the smallest eigenvalues together with the eigenfunctions of an elliptic differential operator.
Abstract 1500: A novel nutrient mixture exhibits antitumor activity in human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Introduction: Fibrosarcoma, an aggressive and highly metastatic cancer of connective tissue, is generally associated with poor prognosis. Cancer mortality usually results from tumor invasion of local tissue and metastasis to vital organs. We investigated the effect of a specific nutrient mixture (PB) of quercetin, cruciferex, curcumin, green tea extract and resveratrol on human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 for viability, MMP expression, invasion, apoptosis and morphology. Material and Methods: Human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 (ATCC) was cultured in DEM media, supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics in 24-well tissue plates. At near confluence, cells were treated with PB at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mcg/mL, in triplicate at each dose. Cells were also treated with PMA (100 ng/mL) for MMP-9 induction. Cell proliferation was assayed by MTT assay, MMP by zymography, invasion through Matrigel, apoptosis using green caspase detection, and morphology by H&E staining. Results: PB inhibited proliferation of human fibrosarcoma cells HT-1080 by 50% at 10 mcg/mL, 60% at 25 mcg/mL and 80% at 50-100 mcg/mL, and inhibited the secretion of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a dose-dependent manner, with total inhibition at 50 mcg/mL concentration. Invasion through Matrigel was inhibited 100% at 25 mcg/mL PB. PB also induced apoptosis in a dose- dependent fashion. H&E staining showed slight morphological changes at higher concentrations. Conclusion: These results suggest that PB is a potential therapeutic agent for fibrosarcoma, with potent anti-metastatic activity, because it inhibited fibrosarcoma cell proliferation, MMP-2 and -9 expression, invasion through Matrigel and apoptosis, important parameters for cancer prevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1500. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1500
Breast cancer management and outcome according to surgeon's affiliation: a population-based comparison adjusted for patient's selection bias.

BACKGROUND Studies have reported that breast cancer (BC) units could increase the quality of care but none has evaluated the efficacy of alternative options such as private BC networks, which is our study objective. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included all 1404 BC patients operated in the public unit or the private network and recorded at the Geneva Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2005. We compared quality indicators of care between the public BC unit and the private BC network by logistic regression and evaluated the effect of surgeon's affiliation on BC-specific mortality by the Cox model adjusting for the propensity score. RESULTS Both the groups had high care quality scores. For invasive cancer, histological assessment before surgery and axillary lymph node dissection when indicated were less frequent in the public sector (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-0.7, and OR: 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8, respectively), while radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery was more frequent (OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.8). Surgeon affiliation had no substantial effect on BC-specific mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.8, 95% CI 0.5-1.4). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that private BC networks could be an alternative to public BC units with both structures presenting high quality indicators of BC care and similar BC-specific mortality.
Epidemiological and Molecular Analysis of an Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 in a German Zoo: Effective Disease Control with Minimal Culling

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N8, clade 2.3. 4.4, were first reported in January 2014 from South Korea. These viruses spread rapidly to Europe and the North American continent during autumn 2014 and caused, in Germany, five outbreaks in poultry holdings until February 2015. In addition, birds kept in a zoo in north-eastern Germany were affected. Only a few individual white storks (Ciconia ciconia) showed clinical symptoms and eventually died in the course of the infection, although subsequent in-depth diagnostic investigations showed that other birds kept in the same compound of the white storks were acutely positive for or had undergone asymptomatic infection with HPAIV H5N8. An exception from culling all of the 500 remaining zoo birds was granted by the competent authority. Restriction measures included grouping the zoo birds into eight epidemiological units in which 60 birds of each unit tested repeatedly negative for H5N8. Epidemiological and phylogenetical investigations revealed that the most likely source of introduction was direct or indirect contact with infected wild birds as the white storks had access to a small pond frequented by wild mallards and other aquatic wild birds during a period of 10 days in December 2014. Median network analysis showed that the zoo bird viruses segregated into a distinct cluster of clade 2.3. 4.4 with closest ties to H5N8 isolates obtained from mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Sweden in April 2015. This case demonstrates that alternatives to culling exist to rescue valuable avifaunistic collections after incursions of HPAIV.
Prognostic factors for survival after complete resections of synchronous lung cancers in multiple lobes: pooled analysis based on individual patient data.

BACKGROUND Some reports suggest that patients with synchronous multiple foci of nonsmall-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) distributed in multiple lobes have a poor prognosis, even when there is no extrathoracic metastasis. The vast majority of such patients do not receive surgical treatment. For those who undergo surgery, prognostic factors are unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature on surgery for synchronous NSCLC in multiple lobes published between 1990 and 2011. Individual patient data were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) in each dataset and pooled analyses were carried out. RESULTS Six studies contributed 467 eligible patients for analysis. The median overall survival was 52.0 months [95% confidence interval 45.6-63.7]. Male gender and advanced age were associated with a decreased survival: HRs 1.64 (1.22, 2.22) and 1.40 (1.20, 1.80) per 20-year increment, respectively. Patients with cancers distributed in one lung had a higher mortality risk than those with bilateral disease: HRs 1.45 (1.06, 2.00). N1 or N2 had a decreased survival compared with N0: HRs 1.68 (1.12, 2.51) and 1.94 (1.33, 2.82), respectively. There was a trend toward increased mortality among patients with different histology: HRs 1.29 (0.96, 1.75). CONCLUSION Advanced age, male gender, nodal involvement, and unilateral tumor location were poor prognostic factors.
Criterion validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition after pediatric traumatic brain injury

The performance of 40 children with complicated mild to severe traumatic brain injury on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC–IV; Wechsler, 2003) was compared with that of 40 demographically matched healthy controls. Of the four WISC–IV factor index scores, only Processing Speed yielded a statistically significant group difference (p < .001) as well as a statistically significant negative correlation with length of coma (p < .01). Logistic regression, using Processing Speed to classify individual children, yielded a sensitivity of 72.50% and a specificity of 62.50%, with false positive and false negative rates both exceeding 30%. We conclude that Processing Speed has acceptable criterion validity in the evaluation of children with complicated mild to severe traumatic brain injury but that the WISC–IV should be supplemented with other measures to assure sufficient accuracy in the diagnostic process. (JINS, 2008, 14, 651–655.)
Depression in multiple sclerosis: Review and theoretical proposal

Because of its high prevalence and implications for quality of life and possibly even disease progression, depression has been intensively studied in multiple sclerosis (MS) over the past 25 years. Despite the publication of numerous excellent empirical research papers on this topic during that time, the publication of theoretical work that attempts to explain depression in a comprehensive way is scarce. In this study, we present a theoretical model that attempts to integrate existing work on depression in MS and provide testable hypotheses for future work. The model suggests that risk for depression begins with the onset of MS. MS results in disease-related changes such as increased lesion burden/brain atrophy and immunological anomalies that are associated with depression in MS, but explain only a relatively limited proportion of the variance. Common sequelae of MS including fatigue, physical disability, cognitive dysfunction, and pain, have all been shown to have an inconsistent or relatively weak relationship to depression in the literature. In the model, we propose that four variables—social support, coping, conceptions of the self and illness, and stress—may moderate the relationship between the above common MS sequelae with depression and help to explain inconsistencies in the literature. (JINS, 2008, 14, 691–724.)
National study of injury‐increasing analgesics in the elderly

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the probability of the occurrence of an analgesic medication injury when controlling for potential risk factors, as well as gain a better understanding of which risk factors appear more problematic.Design/methodology/approach – Cross‐sectional retrospective review of 2004 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service Medicaid Pharmacy claims data. Logistic regression analysis performed to examine the risk of injury‐related emergency room (ER) visits following the use of analgesics controlling for potential risk factors.Findings – Methadone, an agent to treat severe pain, and propoxyphene, an agent to treat non‐severe pain, are problematic opioids in the elderly. White origin, male gender, and increased disease burden are potential risk factors influencing injury‐related ER visits for elderly analgesic recipients. Increased age in the elderly is a potential risk factor for severe pain analgesics; decreased age for non‐severe pain analgesics.Research limitation.
The impact of multiple sclerosis on patients’ performance on the Stroop Test: Processing speed versus interference

Abstract Deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients’ performance on the Stroop Test have been attributed to problems with processing speed and selective attention. Data for 248 MS patients and 178 controls on all three trials of the Stroop were combined using various scoring formulas proposed for assessing processing speed, color difficulty, and interference. The greatest differences between patients and controls involved processing speed. Formulas purporting to measure interference yielded highly inconsistent results: Significant differences between groups were found on two of the most common measures but were in opposite directions. This contradiction stems from the failure of both measures to effectively control for processing speed when assessing interference. Three alternative measures, using relative, ratio, and residualized scores, offer much better indices of interference. When assessed with these alternative measures, interference increased with age, but no differences between patients and controls were found. Difficulties that MS patients have with the Stroop Test are confined to processing speed. (JINS, 2009, 15, 451–458.)
Acinetobacter lwoffii, an emerging pathogen for fish in Schizothorax genus in China

Acinetobacter lwoffii, a serious human pathogen, has been identified as a cause of nosocomial infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia and meningitis. There are only a few studies reporting A. lwoffii as a pathogen of fish. During 2016 and 2017, six bacterial strains, isolated from diseased fish of the Schizothorax genus, were identified as A. lwoffii by morphology, biochemical tests, 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequencing analysis. One of these isolates was selected for experimental infection of Sclizothorax prenanti, Schizothorax davidi and Schizothorax wangchiachii, to confirm its pathogenicity. Experimentally infected fish showed similar symptoms to those observed in fish after natural outbreaks. Susceptibility of the isolates to 14 antibiotics was tested using a disc diffusion method; all isolates were resistant to cephalothin, aminoglycosides and β-lactams, and sensitive only to some fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. Histological examination revealed that A. lwoffii infection could cause pathological lesions in multiple organs and tissues, especially in liver, kidney, spleen and heart. These lesions included extensive haemorrhage, vacuolar degeneration, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. To our knowledge, this is the first report on A. lwoffii as a virulent pathogen for fish of the Schizothorax genus.