Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Elbow Flexion Strength and Rate of Velocity Development

Nguyen, D, Brown, LE, Coburn, JW, Judelson, DA, Eurich, AD, Khamoui, AV, and Uribe, BP. Effect of delayed-onset muscle soreness on elbow flexion strength and rate of velocity development. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1282-1286, 2009-Eccentric muscle actions cause muscle damage and lead to delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which may impair performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DOMS on elbow flexion strength and rate of velocity development (RVD). Nineteen college male subjects performed 6 tests (pre- and posteccentric and every 24 hours for 4 days). In the preeccentric tests, each subject reported his arm pain and then did 5 concentric repetitions of elbow flexion/extension on an isokinetic dynamometer at 240°·s−1. Each subject then completed 6 sets of 10 eccentric elbow flexion actions at 30°·s−1 and finished with a posteccentric test with another 5 concentric repetitions at 240°·s−1. On days 1-4, each subject reported his arm pain and then did 5 more repetitions at 240°·s−1. Analysis was performed on the values for DOMS, peak torque (PT), and RVD. For DOMS, scores on the posteccentric test (2.34 ± 2.53), day 1 (3.18 ± 2.18), day 2 (3.21 ± 2.91), day 3 (1.81 ± 1.78), and day 4 (1.02 ± 1.30) were all significantly (p < 0.05) greater than the preeccentric scores (0.00 ± 0.00). For PT, the scores on the posteccentric test (22.40 ± 8.87 ft·lb−1) and day 1 (23.88 ± 9.00 ft·lb−1) were both significantly less than on the preeccentric test (29.56 ± 8.42 ft·lb−1). The RVD scores on the posteccentric test (1505.73 ± 462.12 d·s−1·s−1), day 1 (1571.55 ± 475.99 d·s−1·s−1), and day 2 (1546.99 ± 494.52 d·s−1·s−1) were all significantly less than on the preeccentric test (1719.86 ± 473.18 d·s−1·s−1). This suggests that muscle damage may cause significant decreases in elbow flexion concentric strength and RVD even as DOMS remains elevated.
Factors impacting the household and recreation participation of older adults living in the community

Abstract Purpose: To identify demographic, physical and psychosocial determinants associated with participation in daily activities of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional design of older adults (≥70 years) from Victoria, Australia, residing in their homes was drawn from a convenience sample. The outcomes were recent participation in household and recreational activities as measured by the Phone-FITT. Explanatory variables included demographics, physical and mental health functioning (Short Form-12 version 2, Geriatric Depression Scale 15). Associations were analyzed through linear regression. Results: There were 244 participants (60% female), with a mean age of 77.5 years (SD 5.7). Higher levels of depression and fewer falls (during the previous year) were independently associated with restrictions in household participation (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). For recreational participation, higher levels of depression were associated with restricted participation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Screening for depression should be a key component of health assessments with older adults. Untreated depression may lead to lower participation rates in daily activities potentially resulting in social isolation. Fewer falls and restricted household participation were associated, but no association was observed between falls and recreational participation. Further studies are required to explore this association in more detail. Implications for Rehabilitation Depression is significantly correlated with the level of participation in daily activities for older adults. Health professionals need to screen for depression when working with older adults.
Measuring rehabilitation outcome in post-acute hip fractured patients

Abstract Purpose: To present our experience in measuring rehabilitation achievements of post-acute hip fractured patients with the FIM instrument; assess its appropriateness as to the patients’ various disability levels and describe our experience with other measuring tools in patients less sensitive to changes in the FIM instrument. Methods: A retrospective study performed in a post-acute geriatric rehabilitation center. Three hundred and eighty-seven hip fractured patients admitted from January 2010 to May 2012 were included in this study. Patients were evaluated by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Timed Get Up and Go (TUG) test and “bed to chair” transfer FIM parameter. The study population was divided into three disability groups according to their admission disability level: high (admission FIM score <40), moderate (FIM 40–79) and low (FIM ≥ 80). The Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA and Chi square tests analyzed the data. Results: The FIM instrument was found most sensitive in identifying functional change in patients with moderate disability. Low disability patients received more physio- and occupational-therapy treatment time, yet achieved a lower mean FIM score change compared to moderately disabled patients. The smallest real difference (SRD = 13) for the FIM score was achieved by 60% of patients with moderate disability. When assessed by the TUG test, most patients (94%) improved their score. The SRD% of 31% was achieved by 71.7% of the patients. Nineteen patients (35.9%) achieved a discharge score of <20 s. The high disability group achieved the lowest mean FIM score change. On admission, 52/64 (81%) patients required considerable help in transferring from bed to chair (FIM 1–2), however, upon discharge, the majority (69.2%) improved to the level of a one man transfer (FIM ≥ 3). Forty-one (64.1%) patients were discharged home. Conclusion: Post-acute hip fracture patients exhibit variable functional ability. Assessing rehabilitation achievements with a disability measure is limited; therefore, it is advisable to use an instrument most suitable to the patients’ disability level. Implication for Rehabilitation Post-acute hip fracture patients exhibit variable functional ability. Assessing rehabilitation achievements with a disability measure is limited. It is advisable to use an instrument most suitable to the patients’ disability level.
Patellar Tendon Properties With Fluctuating Menstrual Cycle Hormones

Burgess, KE, Pearson, SJ, and Onambélé, GL. Patellar tendon properties with fluctuating menstrual cycle hormones. J Strength Cond Res 24(8): 2088-2095, 2010-Debate continues over whether skeletal muscle performance and injury risk vary over the course of the menstrual cycle. Alterations in tendon properties may play a role in the potential fluctuations of both of these variables. The aim of the current study was to determine any association between menstrual cycle phase and corresponding levels of female sex hormones and tendon properties. Fifteen normally menstruating (28-32-day cycles) healthy females (age 23 ± 1 years, mass 63.1 ± 2.6 kg, height 1.66 ± 0.02 m) not taking any form of hormonal contraceptive took part in this study. In vivo patellar tendon properties and associated circulating hormonal levels were assessed on 3 occasions including days 3 ± 0.4, 13 ± 0.2, and 21 ± 0.3. Dynamometry, ultrasonography, electromyography, and biochemical assessment of circulating levels of estradiol and progesterone were utilized. No significant differences were seen in tendon mechanical properties among the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle (p > 0.05). Regressions were carried out and revealed that estrogen and maximal voluntary tendon force explained 17.8% (p = 0.043) of the variance in young's modulus. Our findings link estrogen to a chronic, rather than an acute, impact on tendon behavior. These findings are relevant to clinical outcomes, exercise performance, and injury risk. In terms of tendon properties, menstrual cycle phase does not necessarily need to be considered when organizing training and competition schedules.
Changes in Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Capacity During Walking and Running of the Same and Different Intensities

Balcı, SS, Okudan, N, Pepe, H, Gökbel, H, Revan, S, Kurtoğlu, F, and Akkuş, H. Changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity during walking and running of the same and different intensities. J Strength Cond Res 24(9): 2545-2550, 2010-The aim was to investigate the changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and muscle damage in the same and different exercise intensities during walking and running. Fourteen healthy males participated in this study. The subjects' individual preferred walk-to-run transition speeds (WRTS) were determined. Each subject covered a 1.5-mile distance for 4 exercise tests; walking (WRTS-W) and running (WRTS-R) tests at WRTS, 2 km·h−1 slower walking than WRTS (WRTS-2) and 2 km·h−1 faster running than WRTS (WRTS+2). Blood samples were taken pre, immediately, and 30 minutes post each test. The changes in (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and creatine kinase activities were measured. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight, and heart rate during exercises were significantly higher in both the WRTS-W and the WRTS+2 exercises compared with the WRTS-2 and WRTS-R. Oxygen consumption and energy expenditure were higher in walking than in the running exercise at the preferred WRTS and only WRTS-W exercise significantly increased MDA levels. Catalase activities were increased by WRTS-W, WRTS-R, and WRTS+2 exercises. Changes in SOD and CAT activities were not different between walking and running exercises at the preferred WRTS. Total plasma GSH increased in response to WRTS-W exercise, which could be associated with an increase in MDA. Also, total GSH levels 30 minutes postexercise were significantly lower than postexercise in WRTS-2, WRTS-W, and WRTS+2 exercises. Our results indicate that walking and running exercises at the preferred WRTS have different oxidative stress and antioxidant responses.
MarkeTrak VII: Obstacles to adult non‐user adoption of hearing aids

INTRODUCTION Over the last 20 years, hearing aid adoption has remained stubbornly at about one in five adults with an admitted hearing loss. While in the recent past hearing aid adoption has grown slowly to 23%, most of this growth can be attributed to free hearing aids obtained through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or low-cost Internet sales.1 Given the consequences of untreated hearing loss, why do more than 22 million adults with hearing loss in the United States delay or avoid a hearing solution? 1 In studying this issue, we have attempted to identify the principal causes of non-adoption so that reasons could be quantified. Because non-users are significantly different from hearing aid users in terms of their hearing loss, we have segmented the non-owner population by degree of hearing loss so that reasons for non-use can be more accurately quantified. For instance, a response of “My hearing loss is not severe enough to use hearing aids” is a reasonable response for persons with hearing loss in the lower 10% of the hearing loss population, but a probable sign of denial or minimization for people with hearing loss at the 60% or higher hearing loss level. It is our hope that quantification of obstacles to hearing aid adoption can lead to more precisely targeted public awareness strategies for overcoming these obstacles.
Twelve-Month Training-Induced Changes in Elite International Volleyball Players

Sheppard, JM, Chapman, DW, Gough, C, McGuigan MR, and Newton, RU. Twelve-month training-induced changes in elite international volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 23(7): 2096-2101, 2009-The purpose of this investigation was to examine the strength, power, and anthropometric contributors to vertical jump performances that are considered specific to volleyball success, including countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) and spike jump (SPJ), by examining changes across 12 months in elite volleyball players. Anthropometry (height, mass, ∑7 skinfolds), vertical jump ability (CMVJ, SPJ, and depth jumps from 35 cm), kinetic and kinematic data from an unloaded and loaded (body mass + 50%) jump squat were assessed before and after 12 months of training in 20 elite male volleyball players. To examine the association between the change in each of the strength, power, and anthropometric variables with the changes in CMVJ and SPJ, a correlation analysis of the percent change of each variable with the percent change in CMVJ and SPJ was performed. A significant correlation (r = 0.47; p = 0.04) was observed between changes in CMVJ and SPJ. Significant (p = 0.006-0.02) improvements in CMVJ were associated with increased peak force in the unloaded (r = 0.61) and loaded jump squat (r = 0.59) and greater relative power and peak velocity in the loaded jump squat (r = 0.49 and 0.51, respectively). The significant increase in CMVJ was strongly associated (r = 0.865; p < 0.001) with an improved depth-jump ability. Significant (p = 0.003-0.03) increases in SPJ were related to increases in relative power (r = 0.64), peak force (r = 0.46), and peak velocity (r = 0.49) in the loaded jump and improved depth-jumping ability (r = 0.591). This study demonstrates that, in an elite population of volleyball players, stretch-shortening cycle performance and the ability to tolerate high stretch loads, as in the depth jump, are critical to improving jumping performance.
Promoting physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review of behaviour change theories

Abstract Purpose: Despite physical activity having significant health benefits for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), current levels of physical activity in this population are suboptimal. Changing behaviour is challenging and interventions aimed at increasing physical activity in this context have had varying levels of success. This review provides an overview of common behaviour change theories used in interventions to promote physical activity and their application for promoting physical activity in people with RA. Method: A scoping, narrative review was conducted of English language literature, using the search terms “physical activity/exercise” and keywords, which are associated with behaviour change interventions. The theoretical basis of such interventions in people with RA was assessed using the “theory coding scheme”. Results: Six theories which have been used in physical activity research are discussed. Further, four studies which aimed to increase physical activity levels in people with RA are explored in detail. Conclusions: To date, behaviour change interventions conducted in RA populations to increase physical activity levels have not had a strong theoretical underpinning. It is proposed that an intervention utilising the theory of planned behaviour is developed with the aim of increasing physical activity in people with RA. Implications for Rehabilitation Interventions to promote physical activity in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population have failed to change participants' behaviour. A small number of studies have used behaviour change theories in the development and delivery of interventions. The theory of planned behaviour is recommended as the theoretical basis for an intervention to promote physical activity in the RA population.
Inter-Limb Coordination, Strength, Jump, and Sprint Performances Following a Youth Men's Basketball Game

Cortis, C, Tessitore, A, Lupo, C, Pesce, C, Fossile, E, Figura, F, and Capranica, L. Inter-limb coordination and strength, jump, and sprint performances following a youth men's basketball game. J Strength Cond Res 25(1): 135-142, 2011-This study aimed to verify whether basketball players are able to maintain strength (handgrip), jump (countermovement jump [CMJ]), sprint (10 m and 10 m bouncing the ball [10mBB]), and interlimb coordination (i.e., synchronized hand and foot flexions and extensions at 80, 120, and 180 bpm) performances at the end of their game. Ten young (age 15.7 ± 0.2 years) male basketball players volunteered for this study. During the friendly game, heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and rate of muscle pain (RMP) were assessed to evaluate the exercise intensity. Overall, players spent 80% of the time playing at intensities higher than 85% HRmax. Main effects (p < 0.05) for game periods emerged for HR and the number of players involved in a single action, with lower occurrence of maximal efforts and higher involvement of teammates after the first 2 periods. At the end of the game, players reported high (p < 0.05) RPE (15.7 ± 2.4) and RMP (5.2 ± 2.3) values; decreased (p < 0.05) sprint capabilities (10 m: pre = 1.79 ± 0.09 seconds, post = 1.84 ± 0.08 seconds; 10mBB: pre = 1.81 ± 0.11 seconds, post = 1.96 ± 0.08 seconds); increased (p < 0.05) interlimb coordination at 180 bpm (pre = 33.3 ± 20.2 seconds, post = 43.9 ± 19.8 seconds); and maintained jump (pre = 35.2 ± 5.2 cm, post = 35.7 ± 5.2 cm), handgrip (pre = 437 ± 73 N, post = 427 ± 55 N), and coordinative performances at lower frequencies of executions (80 bpm: pre = 59.7 ± 1.3 seconds, post = 60.0 ± 0.0 seconds; 120 bpm: pre = 54.7 ± 12.3 seconds, post = 57.3 ± 6.7 seconds). These findings indicate that the heavy load of the game exerts beneficial effects on the efficiency of executive and attentive control functions involved in complex motor behaviors. Coaches should structure training sessions that couple intense physical exercises with complex coordination tasks to improve the attentional capabilities of the players.
Apexification in a non-vital tooth: By control of infection

Endodontic management of immature non-vital permanent teeth in young pediatric patients is a great challenge to dentists. When the pulp of an incompletely formed tooth loses its vitality, then the entire root system has also lost its ability to continue to develop. The walls of the root canals are frequently divergent and open apices make debridement and obturation difficult. Thus, closure of the root apex is very essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Many different materials are used for the apexification procedure, for apical barrier formation and healing. However, in this present case the apical closure was achieved only by means of infection control.
1. Traumatic Basal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Caused by the Impact of a Golf Ball

A 50-year-old male was hit by a high-speed golf ball on the left lateral side of his neck. He collapsed immediately and was sent to hospital, where he was pronounced dead. The autopsy showed an extensive basal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Careful gross and histological examinations disclosed a rupture of the right vertebral artery at a site very close to the bifurcation. It was estimated that the impact of the golf ball on the left side of his neck resulted in the rupture of the contralateral vertebral artery, owing to its hyperextension. Although there are many reports on traumatic basal subarachnoid haemorrhage, the present type of trauma seems rare to our knowledge.
Differential Correlations Between Anthropometry, Training Volume, and Performance in Male and Female Ironman Triathletes

Knechtle, B, Wirth, A, Baumann, B, Knechtle, P, Rosemann, T, and Senn, O. Differential correlations between anthropometry, training volume, and performance in male and female Ironman triathletes. J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 2785-2793, 2010-We investigated in 27 male Ironman triathletes aged 30.3 (9.1) years, with 77.7- (9.8) kg body mass, 1.78- (0.06) m body height, 24.3- (2.2) kg·m−2 body mass index (BMI), and 14.4 (4.8) % body fat and in 16 female Ironman triathletes aged 36.6 (7.0) years, with 59.7- (6.1) kg body mass, 1.66- (0.06) m body height, 21.5 (1.0) kg·m−2 BMI, and 22.8 (4.8) % body fat to ascertain whether anthropometric or training variables were related to total race time. The male athletes were training 14.8 (3.2) h·wk−1 with a speed of 2.7 (0.6) km·h−1 in swimming, 27.3 (3.0) in cycling, and 10.6 (1.4) in running. The female athletes trained for 13.9 (3.4) h·wk−1 at 2.1 (0.8) km·h−1h in swimming, 23.7 (7.6) km·h−1 in cycling, and 9.0 (3.7) km·h−1 in running, respectively. For male athletes, percent body fat was highly significantly (r2 = 0.583; p < 0.001) associated with total race time. In female triathletes, training volume showed a relationship to total race time (r2 = 0.466; p < 0.01). Percent body fat was unrelated to training volume for both men (r2 = 0.001; p > 0.05) and women (r2 = 0.007; p > 0.05). We conclude that percent body fat showed a relationship to total race time in male triathletes, and training volume showed an association with total race time in female triathletes. Presumably, the relationship between percent body fat, training volume, and race performance is genetically determined.
A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome:estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry

ContextAccurate estimation of risk for untoward outcomes after patients have been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may help clinicians guide the type and intensity of therapy.ObjectiveTo develop a simple decision tool for bedside risk estimation of 6-month mortality in patients surviving admission for an ACS.Design, Setting, and PatientsA multinational registry, involving 94 hospitals in 14 countries, that used data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) to develop and validate a multivariable stepwise regression model for death during 6 months postdischarge. From 17 142 patients presenting with an ACS from April 1, 1999, to March 31, 2002, and discharged alive, 15 007 (87.5%) had complete 6-month follow-up and represented the development cohort for a model that was subsequently tested on a validation cohort of 7638 patients admitted from April 1, 2002, to December 31, 2003.Main Outcome MeasureAll-cause mortality during 6 months postdischarge after admission for an ACS.ResultsThe 6-month mortality rates were similar in the development (n = 717; 4.8%) and validation cohorts (n = 331; 4.7%). The risk-prediction tool for all forms of ACS identified 9 variables predictive of 6-month mortality: older age, history of myocardial infarction, history of heart failure, increased pulse rate at presentation, lower systolic blood pressure at presentation, elevated initial serum creatinine level, elevated initial serum cardiac biomarker levels, ST-segment depression on presenting electrocardiogram, and not having a percutaneous coronary intervention performed in hospital. The c statistics for the development and validation cohorts were 0.81 and 0.75, respectively.ConclusionsThe GRACE 6-month postdischarge prediction model is a simple, robust tool for predicting mortality in patients with ACS. Clinicians may find it simple to use and applicable to clinical practice.