Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment in a rural Ryan White Part C HIV clinic

ABSTRACT About 24% of people living with HIV nationally are identified as needing treatment for alcohol or illicit drug use. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) has evolved as a strategy to assess and intervene with substance abuse behaviors in various clinical settings. However, less is known about the processes and outcomes of using the SBIRT intervention in outpatient HIV clinics. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of de-identified existing SBIRT results data from an outpatient HIV clinic located in western Colorado. From 2008 to 2013, a total of 1616 SBIRT evaluations were done, which included duplicate patients because some individual patients were screened more than once in a given year. Over this time period, 37–49% of encounters per year were notable for tobacco use, 8–21% for alcohol use, 6–16% for marijuana use, 3–9% for amphetamine use, and 0–2% for illicit opioid use. Unique, unduplicated patient data from 2013 revealed 40% of patients used tobacco, 16% used alcohol, and 11% used methamphetamine. Analyses highlighted that the majority of our patient population (58% in 2013) used and/or abused tobacco, alcohol, and/or illicit substances. An alarming finding was the increase in methamphetamine use over time with more than 50-fold prevalence of use in our population compared to national rates.
Physical modeling and optimization of a GaN HEMT design with a field plate structure for high frequency application

In this paper, physical modeling of a GaN HEMT with a field plate structure is proposed, with the objective of providing the connection between the physical design parameters of the device (geometry, Al mole fraction, type of the field plate, etc) and on-resistance together with parasitic capacitances of the device. In this way, it is possible to optimize the design of a switching device for a particular application, which in our case is a high frequency DC DC converter for Envelope Tracking and Envelope Elimination and Restoration techniques. In this work, extrinsic models for output characteristics together with input, output and reverse capacitance of a depletion mode GaN HEMT with a field plate structure were obtained. The obtained physical model was implemented in a Simplorer simulation model of a high frequency buck converter and verified by the prototype that employed modeled GaN HEMT, operating at 7, 15 and 20MHz of switching frequency. Comparing to the measured efficiency curves, simulation results showed good agreement, especially in the low power range at high switching frequency, which are the operating conditions in our application.
Science, society, and flagship species: social and political history as keys to conservation outcomes in the Gulf of California

Socio-political issues are important in environmental policy outcomes but are often overlooked in conservation planning. We analyze the effects of historical social, political, and ecological contexts on conservation policy outcomes as applied to the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve. A rushed implementation, perhaps necessary for the protection of endangered totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and vaquita (Phocoena sinus), occurred with little community consultation, resulting in enduring disgruntlement among stakeholders that undermined its effectiveness. Overfishing and habitat degradation continue both inside and outside the reserve, and totoaba and vaquita remain Critically Endangered, with the latter's population estimated at approximately 90 individuals. Marine reserves can be useful, but when top-down enforcement is unfeasible, effective environmental policy requires full recognition and integration of political history and social structures and needs, and open discussion on trade-offs when win-win situations are not possible.
A novel objective quality assessment method of 3D video

This paper focuses on objective assessment methods of 3D video and presents a novel 3D objective quality assessment method that integrates perceived quality of image and depth. We chose 3D videos in left plus right format as evaluation object and got an overall 3D perception quality value by using the Radical Basis Function (RBF) neural network. The quality scores of image and depth were respectively calculated by SSIM and correlation coefficient algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm correlates well with the subjective scores.
Perchlorate Clinical Pharmacology and Human Health: A Review

Potassium perchlorate has been used at various times during the last 50 years to treat hyperthyroidism. Since World War II ammonium perchlorate has been used as a propellant for rockets. In 1997, the assay sensitivity for perchlorate in water was improved from 0.4 mg/L (ppm) to 4 &mgr;g/L (ppb). As a result, public water supplies in Southern California were found to contain perchlorate ions in the range of 5 to 8 ppb, and those in Southern Nevada were found to contain 5 to 24 ppb. Research programs have been developed to assess the safety or risk from these exposures and to assist state and regulatory agencies in setting a reasonable safe level for perchlorate in drinking water. This report reviews the evidence on the human health effects of perchlorate exposure. Perchlorate is a competitive inhibitor of iodine uptake. All of its pharmacologic effects at current therapeutic levels or lower are associated with inhibition of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) on the thyroid follicular cell membrane. A review of the medical and occupational studies has been undertaken to identify perchlorate exposure levels at which thyroid hormone levels may be reduced or thyrotropin levels increased. This exposure level may begin in the 35 to 100 mg/d range. Volunteer studies have been designed to determine the exposure levels at which perchlorate begins to affect iodine uptake in humans. Such effects may begin at levels of approximately 1 mg/d. Environmental studies have assessed the thyroidal health of newborns and adults at current environmental exposures to perchlorate and have concluded that the present levels appear to be safe. Whereas additional studies are underway both in laboratory animals and in the field, it appears that a safe level can be established for perchlorate in water and that regulatory agencies and others are now trying to determine that level.
MicroRNA‐148b suppresses cell growth by targeting cholecystokinin‐2 receptor in colorectal cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which miR‐148b acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. The expression of miR‐148b was significantly downregulated in 96 pairs of human colorectal cancer tissues (p < 0.0001) and three cell lines (p < 0.01) compared with non‐tumor adjacent tissues by quantitative real‐time PCR. The results of in situ hybridization highlighted that miR‐148b was important in the cancer transformation process. Using statistical analysis, we found that the expression level of miR‐148b was associated with tumor size (p = 0.033) in colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐148b in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells could inhibit cell proliferation in vitro and suppress tumorigenicity in vivo. Importantly, the result of luciferase activity assay and western blot showed that the cholecystokinin‐2 receptor gene (CCK2R) was a target of miR‐148b and was downregulated by miR‐148b at the translational level. Then, we used siRNA, radioimmunoassay and ELISA to demonstrate that miR‐148b might have an effect on cell proliferation by regulating the expression of CCK2R which functioned depending on the gastrin in colorectal cancer. Taken together, our data provides the first evidences that miR‐148b acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer and should be further evaluated as a biomarker and therapeutic tool against colorectal cancer.
Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring: Factors Impacting Nurses Professional Caring

This study's purpose was to identify factors impacting nurses' perceived professional caring. The sample of 242 nurses completed a researcher-developed survey based on Watson's theory of transpersonal caring. Results showed that experienced, hospital-based nurses and those demonstrating greater familiarity with Watson's theory had higher caring scores. Implications for education, practice, and research are suggested.
A study on development scenarios with augmented reality for cultural exploration of beipu historical region in Taiwan

The study aims at based on the concept of story scenario, and develops the scenario with augmented reality for cultural exploration of Beipu historical region in Taiwan. The research combines the integration of the people, the matters, the circumstances, and the things in the learning process, then as the references of interaction design. For understanding the Beipu historical region, spatial environment, and the cultural characteristics, the research procedure conducts to investigate in the region and depth interview the experts for surveying residents in order to plan the moving routes in the guided activity. The results of study define the themes and moving routes of guided activity, and hope that the methods of scenario developments consult as others historical region.
Effects of extrusion conditions on trypsin inhibitor activity of full fat soybeans and subsequent effects on their nutritional value for young broilers

1. Increasing proportions of soybeans in poultry diets have highlighted the importance of correct processing to inactivate the anti-nutritional factors present whilst maintaining protein quality. 2. Ground full fat soybeans (FFSB) were extruded using a Clextral laboratory model twin-screw extruder with 0·75 l/h of water and end barrel temperatures of 90, 110, 130 and 160°C resulting in trypsin inhibitor activities (TIA) of 14·8, 9·6, 4·5 and 1·9 mg/g sample. 3. The 4 extrudates were used at three different inclusion levels: 200, 400 and 600 g/kg semi-synthetic diet and fed to male Ross broiler chicks from d 19 to d 26. Digesta samples were taken for measurement of coefficient of ileal apparent amino acid digestibility (CIAD) and both pancreas and whole bird weights were measured. 4. Concentration of ileal apparent digestible lysine was increased from 10·53 to 17·63 g/kg FFSB by increasing extrusion temperature from 90 to 160°C. CIAD of lysine was also improved from 0·58 to 0·86. Other amino acids showed similar improvements in both their ileal apparent digestible concentration and CIAD. 5. Mean weight gain over 3 d increased linearly from 42 to 95 g per bird with increasing extrusion temperatures of FFSB. Pancreatic enlargement was evident after 6 d of feeding with FFSB processed at lower temperatures, even when the TIA level was at the recommended threshold of 4 mg/g. 6. The results emphasise the importance of controlled conditions during processing of FFSB for poultry diets and suggest that processing of FFSB in order to reduce TIA levels below 4 mg/g may provide significant benefits for broiler chicks.
Medication Use Pattern and Predictors of Optimal Therapy at Discharge in 8176 Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome From 6 Middle Eastern Countries: Data From the Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events

We evaluated the use of quadruple evidence-based medication (EBM) combination consisting of antiplatelet therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, β-blocker, and lipid-lowering agent concurrently at discharge among patients (n = 8154) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 6 Middle Eastern countries. In all, 49% of the patients received the quadruple EBM combination concurrently at discharge. An adjusted model demonstrated that old age, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, cardiac catheterization, as well as cardiologists as care providers and hospitals with cardiac catheterization facilities were all positively correlated with the use of the quadruple EBM combination. However, patients with cardiogenic shock, renal impairment, higher risk score, congestive heart failure, recurrent ischemia, and those admitted to academic hospitals were negatively correlated with the use of the quadruple EBM combination. Guideline adherence to the concurrent use of quadruple EBM combination in patients with ACS at discharge was suboptimal with wide disparity among the 6 countries.
Using coping strategies is not denial: helping loved ones adjust to living with a patient with a palliative diagnosis.

BACKGROUND When a patient receives the diagnosis of an incurable cancer, their loved ones have to face the fact that life will change. Realizing that the time together is with someone who is going to die, loved ones have to cope with the situation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to increase the knowledge concerning what forms of coping strategies loved ones apply when a family member is faced with an incurable cancer. DESIGN The study had a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews as data from a sample of consecutive loved ones. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a manifest content analysis. RESULTS The main findings showed that the strategies used by loved ones could be categorized into four different areas: thinking that the death is far off in the future; hoping for an improvement; living in the present; and utilizing the family and personal network. The loved ones used these strategies in order to learn to live with the fact that their spouse had been diagnosed with an incurable illness. CONCLUSION The study shows that the manner in which the coping strategies are used is individual and also depends on how loved ones can cope with the concept of a dying person with whom they are very close. When loved ones have a need for support outside their personal network, it is important to understand that this need is directly related to coping strategies and that it is not a result of denial.
Seasonal variation in content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from four Mentha species.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to appraise variation in the chemical composition, and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from the leaves of four Mentha species-M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia and M. spicata-as affected by harvesting season. Disc diffusion and broth microdilution susceptibility assays were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Mentha essential oils against a panel of microorganisms. The cytotoxicity of essential oils was tested on breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines using the MTT assay. RESULTS The essential oil contents of M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia and M. spicata were 17.0, 12.2, 10.8 and 12.0 g kg(-1) from the summer and 9.20, 10.5, 7.00 and 9.50 g kg(-1) from the winter crops, respectively. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis revealed that mostly quantitative rather than qualitative variation was observed in the oil composition of each species. The principal chemical constituents determined in M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia and M. spicata essential oils from both seasons were menthol, menthone, piperitenone oxide and carvone, respectively. The tested essential oils and their major components exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against most of the plant and human pathogens tested. The tested essential oils also exhibited good cytotoxicity potential. CONCLUSION Of the Mentha essential oils tested, M. arvensis essential oil showed relatively better antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. A significant variation in the content of most of the chemical components and biological activities of seasonally collected samples was documented.
The Posterior Inferior Orbitotomy

Summary: Four patients with orbital apex tumors between the optic nerve and inferior recrus underwent a posterior inferior orbitotomy through the maxillary sinus. Three tumors were removed successfully and the fourth was not located, but the visual function improved after surgery, presumably owing to decompression of the posterior orbital floor. The technique was carried out through a standard Caldwell-Luc approach through the maxillary sinus. The posterior inferior orbital wall was removed and the inferior recrus was retracted either laterally or medially to gain access to the tumor, which was removed microsurgically. The authors believe this approach provides a reasonably safe alternative to remove small, well-circumscribed, inferior posterior orbital apical tumors. It also avoids dissection through the orbit from other directions with the inherent risks of damaging overlying vital structures.
Osc-NetLogo: a Tool for Exploring the Sonification of Complex Systems using NetLogo

In this article, we introduce OSC-NETLOGO, a tool that allows the creation of sonic phenomena by taking advantage of NetLogo’s power for designing and building models of complex systems. NetLogo is a multi-agent programming language and modeling environment for simulating natural and social phenomena. It is particularly well suited for modeling complex systems that evolve dynamically over time. We provide two examples taken from NetLogo’s library of models. These examples provide evidence for the capabilities and potential of NetLogo as a sound synthesis tool. We hope that this tool could be of aid in future efforts of creating new complex sounds and interesting musical material.
Heart volume during prolonged exercise in the supine and sitting position.

The roentgenological heart volume was studied in 10 healthy young men during prolonged continuous exercise of constant intensity in the sitting position and in 6 subjects also in the supinr position. The work load was on an average 760.0 kpm/min in the sitting and 758.3 kpm/min in the supine position. The heart rate in the sitting position after 3–9 min exercise was 139.5 beats/min and 171.0 beats/min at the end of work, mean work time 56.5 min. The corresponding figures in the supine position were 127.8 and 156.7 beats/min, with a mean work time of 64.0 min. The exposure of the roentgen film was made in end-diastole. During the continuous exercise at a constant load there was a continuous fall of the heart volume in both body positions accompanied by a continuous increase in heart rate. There Lvas a significant regression of total heart volume on heart rate. The rate of change in heart volume was 37.5 ml and 58.3 ml per 10 beats/min change in heart rate in the sitting and supine positions respectively. The maximum decrease was on an average 81.1 ml and 110.5 ml with an increase in heart rate of 28.6 beats/min and 24.8 beats/min in the sitting and supine position respectively. Close to exhaustion, the heart volume increased in 6 of 10 subjects in the sitting position by, on an average, 52.5 ml (probably significant) and in 3 of 6 in supine by. on an average, 42.0 ml in spite of a further increase in heart rate.
Can microgeneration catalyse behaviour change in the domestic energy sector in the UK

Domestic energy use accounts for more than a quarter of CO 2 emissions in the UK. Traditional approaches to energy reduction look at direct emissions savings, and recommend insulation and effi ciency as more cost-eff ective than microgeneration. However, microgeneration has indirect, ‘soft ’ benefi ts and could play a signifi cant role in emissions reduction. Current uptake of microgeneration in the UK is low, with various barriers – economic, technical, cultural, behavioural and institutional – both to uptake and to maximising energy and emissions savings once installed. Subsidies and spreading information alone do not guarantee maximising uptake, and even if successful, this is not enough to maximise savings. Th e industry focuses on maximising sales, with no incentives to ensure best installations and use; householders do not have access to the best information and user behaviour does not maximise energy and emission savings. Th is is related to a broader state of socio-technical ‘lock-in’ in domestic energy use there’s a lack of connection between personal behaviour and energy consumption, let alone global climate change; energy use in the home is rising faster than energy saving measures are implemented. Th is suggests that a major cultural-behavioural shift is needed to reduce energy/emissions in the home. Transition theory and strategic niche management provide insights into possible systemic change, and a suitable framework for future policies, such as supporting a variety of radically innovative niches, both technological and social. Microgeneration, properly employed, has the potential to play a part in such a transition, by increasing awareness and energy literacy and empowering people to seriously engage in energy debates as producers, as well as consumers, of energy. Th is deeper understanding and heightened responsibility are crucial in a shift toward bottomup emissions-reducing behaviour change and better acceptance of top-down energy saving policy measures, as part of a new domestic energy paradigm.
Workplace Measurements of Ultrafine Particles—A Literature Review

Workers are exposed to ultrafine particles (UFP) in a number of occupations. In order to summarize the current knowledge regarding occupational exposure to UFP (excluding engineered nanoparticles), we gathered information on UFP concentrations from published research articles. The aim of our study was to create a basis for future epidemiological studies that treat UFP as an exposure factor. The literature search found 72 publications regarding UFP measurements in work environments. These articles covered 314 measurement results and tabled concentrations. Mean concentrations were compared to typical urban UFP concentration level, which was considered non-occupational background concentration. Mean concentrations higher than the typical urban UFP concentration were reported in 240 workplace measurements. The results showed that workers' exposure to UFP may be significantly higher than their non-occupational exposure to background concentration alone. Mean concentrations of over 100 times the typical urban UFP concentration were reported in welding and metal industry. However, according to the results of the review, measurements of the UFP in work environments are, to date, too limited and reported too heterogeneous to allow us to draw general conclusions about workers' exposure. Harmonization of measurement strategies is essential if we are to generate more reliable and comparable data in the future.
The concurrence of fetal supraventricular tachycardia and obstruction of the foramen ovale

Fetal supraventricular tachycardia (FSVT) is a cardiac arrhythmia that bears a high mortality rate. In the majority of cases no morphological anomalies are found and death is caused by congestive heart failure. This report presents two cases of FSVT in which cross sectional echocardiography revealed obstruction of the foramen ovale with dilatation of the right heart without structural cardiac anomalies. After birth sinus rhythm re‐established under digitalis medication in both cases. The association between premature obstruction of the foramen ovale and unexplained intrauterine death in the third trimester of gestation is suggested.