Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Primary Care Provider in the Oral Health of Pediatric Patients

by Rachael Lien Yeoman Washington State University Spring 2011 Chair: Renee Hoeksel Oral health in the pediatric population is a significant concern in the medical community. Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease and the most preventable. While this integral part of children's health is assumed to be the responsibility of the specialty of dentistry, more times than not the child will make his or her first contact with the healthcare system through interaction with a primary care provider. This creates the need for nurse practitioners to work collaborativeiy with dental colleagues to perform thorough oral assessments and provide the necessary education to prevent oral disease. Practicing preventative medicine and intervening when necessary is vital to reduce the significance of poor oral health in this population. This article examines the role of the primary care provider in assessing, screening and referring children for dental related health conditions and reviews the current guidelines and implications for practice.
Cognitive and Physical Performance in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Occlusion

Cognitive and Physical Performance in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Occlusion.This dissertation project presents a review of the anatomy and functional relationships of the circulatory territory of the internal carotid artery, and considers the functional changes that can occur when there is disease within this system. The project has two specific aims which are addressed in two articles. The first specific aim is to determine if persons with asymptomatic carotid artery disease (high moderate stenosis through occlusion) demonstrate deficits in cognition and on physical performance measures. The second specific aim is to determine if there is a correlation between the cognitive measures and the instrumental activities of daily living in these asymptomatic patients.In the first article, the purpose of the study was to determine if patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and occlusion demonstrate deficits in cognitive and physical performance. The relationship between cognitive measures and performance of instrumental activities of daily living was examined. Thirty-nine patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of moderate and severe degrees, or occlusion were tested. Cognition was assessed via the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Executive Interview (EXIT). Physical performance was assessed via the Physical Performance Test (PPT), and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Deficits in cognitive function were found on the RBANS for all levels of stenosis and occluded subgroups in the domains of visuospatial/constructional and delayed memory, in the moderate stenosis subgroup in immediate memory, attention and visuospatial/constructional, and in the severe subgroup in all domains except language. There were no significant findings on the EXIT. Decreased performance on the PPT was identified in all 3 subgroups. The Lawton IADL did not identify any decrease in IADL performance.The second article included a more definitive examination of physical performance. Physical performance was assessed via the 9-item and 7-item Physical Performance Test (PPT). Individual tasks were also timed. Patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and occlusion demonstrated less than optimal performance on the PPT ( 9-item, 27/36; 7-item 21/28). Simulated eating was the slowest task to perform for the patients with moderate stenosis. Deficits in cognitive function were found in this observational study of patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and occlusion. Additionally, patients exhibited changes in function as indicated by their performance on the PPT. This may be indicative of preclinical disability, and a potential symptomatic status of the patient. Both articles demonstrate that asymptomatic patients may not be truly asymptomatic. This potential change in status needs to be considered as patients are being evaluated for interventions to manage their carotid artery disease.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Abies chensiensis (Pinaceae)

Abstract Abies chensiensis is listed as a threatened species in the Red List and categorized as key protected wild plants in China. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of A. chensiensis using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 121,795 bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 67,160 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 54,107 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 264 bp each. It was composed of 114 genes, including 68 peptide-encoding genes, 35 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), six open reading frames and one pseudogene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. chensiensis was most closely related to A. beshanzuensis, with high bootstrap values. The present research will provide potential genetic resources for further conservation and management strategies.
Symptoms, ultrasound imaging and biochemical markers alone or in combination for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms suspicious of ovarian cancer

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To establish the accuracy of symptoms, ultrasound and biomarkers alone or in combination for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women. To compare the accuracy of different tests or test combinations. We will investigate the following sources of heterogeneity: Population Clinical setting (generalist/primary care/community/family practice) versus specialist setting (cancer unit/cancer centre/gynaecological oncology) Menopausal status Index tests Test positivity threshold Experience of the ultrasound test operator (general sonographers versus specialist interest) Target condition Histological subtype Study quality Case-control versus other study designs Study quality: for study participants not receiving surgery initially following a negative index test result: 12 months follow-up versus less than 12 months follow-up
Erratum: Development in culture of larval spotted spiny lobster Panulirus guttatus (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae)

There is little information on the early life history of the spotted spiny lobster Panulirus guttatus (Latreille, 1804), an obligate reef resident, despite its growing importance as a fishery resource in the Caribbean and as a significant predator. We cultured newly-hatched P. guttatus larvae (phyllosomata) in the laboratory for the first time, and the growth, survival, and morphological descriptions are reported through 324 days after hatch (DAH). Phyllosomata were cultured at 25 °C in a flow-through seawater system within a series of custom 80 l planktonkreisel tanks and provided with ongrown Artemia and mussel gonad. Mean body length (BL) of phyllosomata was 1.70 mm (N = 10) at hatch and increased linearly to 22.20 mm at 226 DAH (N = 3). Morphological characters from a total of 164 sampled phyllosomata were ascribed to nine distinct developmental stages (stages I-IX), and described and illustrated. Although no final stage phyllosomata (stage X) were obtained, the BL in the final stage was extrapolated at 39.6 mm using a Gompertz function, expressing the relationship between phyllosoma stages and BL. The total duration of phyllosomata for P. guttatus was estimated at 410 d, with the 5th and 95th percentiles at 334 and 526 d, respectively. Our data suggest that P. guttatus has a larger body size in the final larval stage and a substantial pelagic larval duration compared with other related panulirid lobsters in its geographic range. The described morphological and biological attributes associated with the early-life history for this species can inform future studies, and add value to models of distribution and population connectivity.
Multistep Metabolic Engineering of Bacillus licheniformis To Improve Pulcherriminic Acid Production

Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclodipeptide derived from cyclo(l-Leu–l-Leu), which shares the same iron chelation group with hydroxamate sidephores. Generally, pulcherriminic acid-producing strains could be the perfect candidates for antibacterial and anti-plant-pathogenic fungal agents. In this study, we obtained the promising W4/pHY-yvmA pulcherriminic acid-producing strain via a multistep metabolic modification. The engineered W4/pHY-yvmA strain is able to achieve 556.1 mg/liter pulcherriminic acid production, which is the highest yield so far to the best of our knowledge. ABSTRACT The cyclodipeptide pulcherriminic acid, produced by Bacillus licheniformis, is derived from cyclo(l-Leu–l-Leu) and possesses excellent antibacterial activities. In this study, we achieved the high-level production of pulcherriminic acid via multistep metabolic engineering of B. licheniformis DWc9n*. First, we increased leucine (Leu) supply by overexpressing the ilvBHC-leuABCD operon and ilvD, involved in Leu biosynthesis, to obtain strain W1, and the engineered strain W2 was further attained by the deletion of gene bkdAB, encoding a branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase in W1. As a result, the intracellular Leu content and pulcherriminic acid yield of W2 reached 147.4 mg/g DCW (dry cell weight) and 189.9 mg/liter, which were 227.6% and 48.9% higher than those of DWc9n*, respectively. Second, strain W3 was constructed through overexpressing the leucyl-tRNA synthase gene leuS in W2, and it produced 367.7 mg/liter pulcherriminic acid. Third, the original promoter of the pulcherriminic acid synthetase cluster yvmC-cypX in W3 was replaced with a proven strong promoter, PbacA, to produce the strain W4, and its pulcherriminic acid yield was increased to 507.4 mg/liter. Finally, pulcherriminic acid secretion was strengthened via overexpressing the transporter gene yvmA in W4, resulting in the W4/pHY-yvmA strain, which yielded 556.1 mg/liter pulcherriminic acid, increased by 337.8% compared to DWc9n*, which is currently the highest pulcherriminic acid yield to the best of our knowledge. Taken together, we provided an efficient strategy for enhancing pulcherriminic acid production, which could apply to the high-level production of other cyclodipeptides. IMPORTANCE Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclodipeptide derived from cyclo(l-Leu–l-Leu), which shares the same iron chelation group with hydroxamate sidephores. Generally, pulcherriminic acid-producing strains could be the perfect candidates for antibacterial and anti-plant-pathogenic fungal agents. In this study, we obtained the promising W4/pHY-yvmA pulcherriminic acid-producing strain via a multistep metabolic modification. The engineered W4/pHY-yvmA strain is able to achieve 556.1 mg/liter pulcherriminic acid production, which is the highest yield so far to the best of our knowledge.
Comparative Study of the VI Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccines Effectiveness from Local Strain with Commercial Vaccine

Typhoid fever, which is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi) is an exclusively human enterically transmitted, range from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic disease and spread by the fecal-oral route via contaminated food and water.In current study done production of polysaccharide typhoid vaccine against typhoid fever from local strain ( S . Typhi). Identification of S. Typhi (local strain) by traditional methods of diagnosis as microscopic examination and biochemical tests as Api20E system diagnosis, Vitek-2 and serological test . All confirmed the identity of the bacteria belonging to the Salmonella Typhi. In current study, polysaccharide was used as immunogen to production typhoid vaccine from local strain and evaluation these vaccine biological, chemical, physical and Immunological with Commercial vaccine and comparative the results, the results of biological test as sterility, safety and pyrogenicity test were conforms. A result of chemical test (phenol content and residual formalin) by using HPLC and GC, PH value and protein content were safety side comparative WHO protocol. On the other hand, the results of physical test present particles size of local typhoid vaccine was less than Com. V. the particle, the smaller the particle size of vaccine supports the immune response increased immunization. The result Immunological test by ELISA was showed that the titration of PS V. local strain group was high immune response and significantly differences (P<0.5) in the sera of treated guinea pigs between first and booster dose, control group was Non-significant. The result of cellular immune response that present in total white blood corpuscles (WBCs) count showed no significant different of Com. Vaccine and control group between first and booster dose but, there significant different (P<0.05) of PS vaccine between first and booster dose. In challenge test the result was showed 80% and 70% ratio protected in PS and Com groups vaccines respectively and resisted with the virulent enhance challenge exposure against S . Typhi organism after give 100LD50 dose (10 8 ) to those animal.In conclusion, can reproduction of Iraqi typhoid vaccine (Killed vaccine) that was produced in VIS and stopped since 2003 by using new vaccine that recommended by WHO for humane immunization against typhoid fever, also possibility use of method evaluation for evaluates commercial typhoid vaccine. Keywords: (HPLC) High-performance liquid chromatography, (GC)gas chromatography.
Strain-Dependent Kinetic Properties of KIF3A and KIF3C Tune the Mechanochemistry of the KIF3AC Heterodimer

KIF3AC is a mammalian neuron-specific kinesin-2 implicated in intracellular cargo transport. It is a heterodimer of KIF3A and KIF3C motor polypeptides which have distinct biochemical and motile properties as engineered homodimers. Single-molecule motility assays show that KIF3AC moves processively along microtubules at a rate faster than expected given the motility rates of the KIF3AA and much slower KIF3CC homodimers. To resolve the stepping kinetics of KIF3A and KIF3C motors in homo-and heterodimeric constructs, and to determine their transport potential under mechanical load, we assayed motor activity using interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy and optical trapping. The distribution of stepping durations of KIF3AC molecules is described by a rate (k1 = 11 s−1) without apparent kinetic asymmetry in stepping. Asymmetry was also not apparent under hindering or assisting mechanical loads of 1 pN in the optical trap. KIF3AC shows increased force sensitivity relative to KIF3AA, yet is more capable of stepping against mechanical load than KIF3CC. Microtubule gliding assays containing 1:1 mixtures of KIF3AA and KIF3CC result in speeds similar to KIF3AC, indicating the homodimers mechanically impact each other’s motility to reproduce the behavior of the heterodimer. We conclude that the stepping of KIF3C can be activated by KIF3A in a strain-dependent manner which is similar to application of an assisting load, and the behavior of KIF3C mirrors prior studies of kinesins with increased interhead compliance. These results suggest that KIF3AC-based cargo transport likely requires multiple motors, and its mechanochemical properties arise due to the strain-dependences of KIF3A and KIF3C. Significance Statement Kinesins are important long-range intracellular transporters in neurons required by the extended length of the axon and dendrites and selective cargo transport to each. The mammalian kinesin-2, KIF3AC, is a neuronal heterodimer of fast and slow motor polypeptides. Our results show that KIF3AC has a single observed stepping rate in the presence and absence of load and detaches from the microtubule rapidly under load. Interestingly, both KIF3A and assisting loads accelerate the kinetics of KIF3C. These results suggest that KIF3AC is an unconventional cargo transporter and its motile properties do not represent a combination of alternating fast and slow step kinetics. We demonstrate that the motile properties of KIF3AC represent a mechanochemistry that is specific to KIF3AC and may provide functional advantages in neurons.
Structural Diversity, Characterization and Toxicology of Microcystins

Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread class of cyanotoxins and the one that has most often been implicated in cyanobacterial toxicosis. One of the main challenges in studying and monitoring MCs is the great structural diversity within the class. The full chemical structure of the first MC was elucidated in the early 1980s and since then, the number of reported structural analogues has grown steadily and continues to do so, thanks largely to advances in analytical methodology. The structures of some of these analogues have been definitively elucidated after chemical isolation using a combination of techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance, amino acid analysis, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Others have only been tentatively identified using liquid chromatography-MS/MS without chemical isolation. An understanding of the structural diversity of MCs, the genetic and environmental controls for this diversity and the impact of structure on toxicity are all essential to the ongoing study of MCs across several scientific disciplines. However, because of the diversity of MCs and the range of approaches that have been taken for characterizing them, comprehensive information on the state of knowledge in each of these areas can be challenging to gather. We have conducted an in-depth review of the literature surrounding the identification and toxicity of known MCs and present here a concise review of these topics. At present, at least 279 MCs have been reported and are tabulated here. Among these, about 20% (55 of 279) appear to be the result of chemical or biochemical transformations of MCs that can occur in the environment or during sample handling and extraction of cyanobacteria, including oxidation products, methyl esters, or post-biosynthetic metabolites. The toxicity of many MCs has also been studied using a range of different approaches and a great deal of variability can be observed between reported toxicities, even for the same congener. This review will help clarify the current state of knowledge on the structural diversity of MCs as a class and the impacts of structure on toxicity, as well as to identify gaps in knowledge that should be addressed in future research.
A REVIEW ON FUTURE OF BACULAVIRUSES AS A MICROBIAL BIO CONTROL AGENT

Pesticides driven from Plants, animals, and microbes such as (bacteria fungi, viruses, algae, nematodes and protozoa are replacing traditional chemical pesticides throughout the world. Bio pesticides reduce environmental risks and are target specific. Bio pesticide promotes sustainable agriculture development by reducing the environmental pollution. Various products have been registered and released, that play important role in the agro-market. Regulation of many insect populations in nature happen by Baculoviruses (entomopathogenic viruses). The pesticide based on baculovirus particles has been formed to control pest and their use is beneficial to reduce the risk of synthetic chemical insecticides. The present status and increase use of baculovirus based bio pesticides as replacement of chemical pesticides, its role in integrated pest management, have been discussed in this review.
Newly discovered associations between peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and scale polychaetes (Annelida: Polynoidae and Sigalionidae) with a review of polychaete–peritrich epibiosis

In this research, we report the presence of two ciliate protozoans of the subclass Peritrichia, Cothurnia amphicteis and C. peloscolicis, as epibionts on the chaetae of scaled polychaetes Malmgrenia lilianae, M. andreapolis (fam. Polynoidae) and Sthenelais boa (fam. Sigalionidae), from the north Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea). Both ciliate species are herein found for the first time after their original description and are redescribed, based on light and scanning electron microscopy analyses. This is the first record of an association between ciliates and polychaetes of the family Sigalionidae. Our results suggest that these host–epibiont relationships might be highly specific. We also present the first review of epibiosis between polychaetes and peritrich ciliates, indicating that this relationship is more diverse than previously thought. Forty taxa of peritrich ciliates from 12 genera and seven families are recorded as epibionts on polychaetes, while 48 polychaete taxa are known as their hosts. The relationship can be considered ectocommensalism, where the ciliates have the advantages of increased food availability. This association might be a more widespread phenomenon than currently known, because it could be easily overlooked or misinterpreted. It, therefore, deserves careful attention and further investigation.
Chimpanzees use advanced spatial cognition to plan least-cost routes

While the ability of naturally ranging animals to recall the location of food resources and use straight-line routes between them has been demonstrated in several studies, it is not known whether animals can use knowledge of their physical landscape to plan least-cost routes. This ability is likely to be particularly important for animals living in highly variable energy landscapes, where movement costs are exacerbated. Here, we used least-cost modelling to investigate whether chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) living in a rugged, montane environment use advanced cognitive skills to plan energy efficient routes. We used a subset of chimpanzee movement segments together with the available laboratory measurements of chimpanzee energy expenditure to assign movement ‘costs’ which were incorporated in an anisotropic least-cost model and straight-line null model. The least-cost model performed better than the straight-line model across all parameters, and linear mixed modelling showed a strong relationship between the cost of observed chimpanzee travel and predicted least-cost routes. To our knowledge, our study provides the first example of spatial memory for landscape and the ability to plan least-cost routes in non-human animals. These cognitive abilities may be a key trait that have enabled chimpanzees to maintain their energy balance in a low-resource environment. Our findings provide a further example of how the advanced cognitive complexity of hominids have facilitated their adaptation to a variety of environmental conditions and lead us to hypothesise that landscape complexity may play a role in shaping cognition.
Breast Cancer With Isolated Internal Mammary Lymph Node Metastasis

Internal mammary (IM) lymph nodes can be seen on sonograms. It is important to recognize the sonographic features that make IM nodes worrisome for metastatic disease. Breast cancer, especially when located in the medial breast, can have IM node involvement without axillary lymphadenopathy. Prognosis, staging, and treatment will be altered based on lymph node involvement found with breast cancer. Breast sonography has been warranted following mammographically detectable densities and/or palpable abnormalities.
Research Methodology: Some Statistical Considerations

ABSTRACT: Using examples relevant to managed health care, this article describes ways of controlling variables in research, compares experimental versus nonexperimental research, illustrates several basic types of research designs, and describes various methods of sampling. This overview of some basic research concepts is designed to help managed care pharmacists critically evaluate primary research in areas such as drug efficacy trials, pharmacoeconomics, and patient intervention programs. A second objective is to help managed care pharmacists frame research questions so that they can appropriately use data for decision making.