Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolving the ambiguity: Making sense of intrinsic disorder when PDB structures disagree

Missing regions in X‐ray crystal structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) have played a foundational role in the study of intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs), especially in the development of in silico predictors of intrinsic disorder. However, a missing region is only a weak indication of intrinsic disorder, and this uncertainty is compounded by the presence of ambiguous regions, where more than one structure of the same protein sequence “disagrees” in terms of the presence or absence of missing residues. The question is this: are these ambiguous regions intrinsically disordered, or are they the result of static disorder that arises from experimental conditions, ensembles of structures, or domain wobbling? A novel way of looking at ambiguous regions in terms of the pattern between multiple PDB structures has been demonstrated. It was found that the propensity for intrinsic disorder increases as the level of ambiguity decreases. However, it is also shown that ambiguity is more likely to occur as the protein region is placed within different environmental conditions, and even the most ambiguous regions as a set display compositional bias that suggests flexibility. The results suggested that ambiguity is a natural result for many IDPRs crystallized under different conditions and that static disorder and wobbling domains are relatively rare. Instead, it is more likely that ambiguity arises because many of these regions were conditionally or partially disordered.
Identificación y seguimiento de personas usando kinect por parte de un robot seguidor

El presente trabajo aborda uno de los problemas que surgen en la interaccion entre un humano y un robot durante la navegacion conjunta: el seguimiento de una persona por parte de un robot, asi como la posibilidad de intercambiar sus roles de guia - seguidor. Se ofrece como solucion para la identificacion y seguimiento del humano por parte del robot un algoritmo basado en la evaluacion de su posicion en funcion de las condiciones dinamicas y su identificacion por medio del histograma de color. El sistema se ha demostrado fiable en la experimentacion cuando el sensor se procesa desde un ordenador personal en situacion de reposo. Sin embargo, los movimientos bruscos del robot empleado, su reducida velocidad de movimiento y la baja velocidad de procesado de su ordenador de a bordo, provoca que el porcentaje de exito en el seguimiento se reduzca cuando se halla en condiciones de reales de seguimiento de una persona.
A CMOS IC for the real-time and wireless diagnostics of high concentration solar cells

In this paper, an alternative approach for the measuring and transmission of vital parameters related to High Concentration PhotoVoltaics (HCPV) modules under illumination has been proposed, allowing recovering information from every individual cell. The valuable cell parameters such as temperature and illumination are measured with a dedicated VLSI integrated circuit (IC) that contains also an integrated 2.4 GHz transmitter with an On-Chip-Antenna (OCA) - made on the top metal layer of the same die - that sends the collected data wirelessly to a base station allowing a complete diagnostic of the module performances over the years. On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation is used to send the sensors data. The IC has been designed and realized in AMS CMOS 0. 35μm technology.
Managing soil fertility in organic farming systems

Abstract. Complex relationships exist between different components of the organic farm and the quantity and quality of the end products depend on the functioning of the whole system. As such, it is very difficult to isolate soil fertility from production and environmental aspects of the system. Crop rotation is the central tool that integrates the maintenance and development of soil fertility with different aspects of crop and livestock production in organic systems. Nutrient supply to crops depends on the use of legumes to add nitrogen to the system and limited inputs of supplementary nutrients, added in acceptable forms. Manures and crop residues are carefully managed to recycle nutrients around the farm. Management of soil organic matter, primarily through the use of short‐term leys, helps ensure good soil structure and biological activity, important for nutrient supply, health and productivity of both crops and livestock. Carefully planned diverse rotations help reduce the incidence of pests and diseases and allow for cultural methods of weed control. As a result of the complex interactions between different system components, fertility management in organic farming relies on a long‐term integrated approach rather than the more short‐term very targeted solutions common in conventional agriculture.
High Gain Substrate Integrated Waveguide Resonant Slot Antenna Array for mm-Wave Band Radio

This paper presents a new high gain longitudinal slot array antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for millimeter wave application, which can achieve wide impedance bandwidth. Three prototype with impedance bandwidth lower than -10 dB from 60 to 65 GHz with a minimum 14dBi and maximum 27dBi peak gain are designed. Computed analysis results of the three designed arrays show - 10 dB impedance bandwidths and realized gain of 18%-21dBi (8×8), 10%-22dBi (16×16), 8%-27dBi (32×16), respectively. Each part of the proposed array such as radiation and feed network parts can be optimized independently to increase the final design process. A prototype of array is analyzed in terms of S- parameters and radiation patterns. The simulated results around the frequency of 64-GHz demonstrate the validity of the design.
Sleep function: current questions and new approaches

The mammalian brain oscillates through three distinct global activity states: wakefulness, non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and REM sleep. The regulation and function of these ‘vigilance’ or ‘behavioural’ states can be investigated over a broad range of temporal and spatial scales and at different levels of functional organization, i.e. from gene expression to memory, in single neurons, cortical columns or the whole brain and organism. We summarize some basic questions that have arisen from recent approaches in the quest for the functions of sleep. Whereas traditionally sleep was viewed to be regulated through top‐down control mechanisms, recent approaches have emphasized that sleep is emerging locally and regulated in a use‐dependent (homeostatic) manner. Traditional markers of sleep homeostasis, such as the electroencephalogram slow‐wave activity, have been linked to changes in connectivity and plasticity in local neuronal networks. Thus waking experience‐induced local network changes may be sensed by the sleep homeostatic process and used to mediate sleep‐dependent events, benefiting network stabilization and memory consolidation. Although many questions remain unanswered, the available data suggest that sleep function will best be understood by an analysis which integrates sleep’s many functional levels with its local homeostatic regulation.
Deep Sensing for Next-Generation Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: More Than Detecting the Occupancy State of Primary Spectrum

In this paper, spectrum sensing is investigated and a new detection framework, namely, deep sensing (DS), is proposed for more challenging scenarios of future dynamic spectrum sharing. In contrast to existing methods, the DS scheme is designed to proactively recover and exploit some other informative states associated with realistic cognitive links (e.g., fading gains), except detecting the occupancy of primary-band. A unified mathematical model, relying on the dynamic state-space approach, is formulated, in which the Bernoulli random finite set (RFS) is further exploited to theoretically characterize complex DS procedures. A Bernoulli filter algorithm is suggested to recursively estimate unknown PU states accompanying related link information, which is implemented by particle filtering based on numerical approximations. The proposed DS algorithm is applied to detect primary users under time-varying fading channel, which may increase the observation uncertainty and, therefore, deteriorate the sensing performance. With this new framework, the time-varying fading gain, modeled as a stochastic discrete-state Markov chain (DSMC), is estimated along with unknown PU states. Simulations demonstrate that, by exploiting the underlying dynamic fading property, the sensing performance will surpass other traditional schemes. The DS scheme may be conveniently generalized to other applications, which will promote sensing performance and provides a new paradigm for next-generation spectrum sharing.
Low loss coupling to sub-micron thin film deposited rib and nanowire waveguides by vertical tapering

Many structures containing lateral taper waveguide in previous papers showed quite high experimental loss. A vertical tapered waveguide of both rib and nanowire waveguides together with SU8 lateral tapered waveguide for mode size conversion to single mode fibre has been designed. Taper shape profile, offset tolerance have been investigated and get overlapping loss of less than 0.1 dB and 97% coupling efficiency.
Performance data indicate summation for pictorial depth-cues in slanted surfaces.

Over recent years much has been learned about the way in which depth cues are combined (e.g. Landy et al. 1995). The majority of this work has used subjective measures, a rating scale or a point of subjective equality, to deduce the relative contributions of different cues to perception. We have adopted a very different approach by using two interval forced-choice (21FC) performance measures and a signal processing framework. We performed summation experiments for depth cue increment thresholds between pairs of pictorial depth cues in displays depicting slanted planar surfaces made from arrays of circular 'contrast' elements. Summation was found to be ideal when size-gradient was paired with contrast-gradient for a wide range of depth-gradient magnitudes in the null stimulus. For a pairing of size-gradient and linear perspective, substantial summation (> 1.5 dB) was found only when the null stimulus had intermediate depth gradients; when flat or steeply inclined surfaces were depicted, summation was diminished or abolished. Summation was also abolished when one of the target cues was (i) not a depth cue, or (ii) added in conflict. We conclude that vision has a depth mechanism for the constructive combination of pictorial depth cues and suggest two generic models of summation to describe the results. Using similar psychophysical methods. Bradshaw and Rogers (1996) revealed a mechanism for the depth cues of motion parallax and binocular disparity. Whether this is the same or a different mechanism from the one reported here awaits elaboration.
Modeling and Simulation of Submicron MOSFETs with Alternative Gate Dielectrics for DRAM Cells

In this study, we designed and simulated MOS devices having alternative gate dielectrics and examined their electrical behaviour as well as their effectiveness on the performance of a DRAM cell containing them. The devices under test had gate dielectrics of SrTiO<sub>3</sub>, (Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Sr<sub>x</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and (Pb<sub>1 </sub>La<sub>x</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>. Equivalent oxide thicknesses were derived between 0.95 and 4 nm. Among the candidate materials, SrTiO<sub>3</sub> was the most promising when data retention is required, while Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> depicted the best I-V behavior. An increased cell capacitance resulted to higher memory refreshing times, improving substantially the device reliability
Action Planning based on Open Knowledge Graphs and LOD (Poster)

In this preliminary report, we show how we can realize action planning by using open knowledge-bases and LOD like Linked Geo Data, DBpedia, and WordNet, etc. To make a recommendation for car drivers and passengers, we combine these open datasets by newly constructed ontologies of facilities and services. Then we develop the inference procedure to translate user requests into SPARQL queries to obtain a recommendation on appropriate facilities and areas for users. Common sense knowledge is also required in the reason process.
11-003 On European electricity market liberalization : A game-theoretic approach ∗

In this paper we deal with the European electricity market liberalization problem, formulated as a game with electricity producers as players, while the consumers’ electricity demand is exogenous. The producers maximize their profit by choosing how much electricity they will produce individually by means of electricity production available to them. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to investigate the differences between the resulting electricity prices with different scenarios: a market with one Stackelberg leading producer, a market with two Stackelberg leading producers being noncooperative among themselves, and a perfectly competitive market. In the case studies the games involving one, two, and eight European countries are played. In the scenarios dealt with in this paper the perfectly competitive market yields the lowest electricity prices for the consumers. However, we also discuss possible drawbacks of liberalization. Our research aims to help understanding the complex process of electricity market liberalization.
Telencephalic efferents of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinurn tigrinum (Green)

The efferent projections of the telencephalon in the tiger salamander were examined by the Nauta and Fink‐Heimer methods following unilateral hemispherectomies, rostral hemispheric ablations and pallial lesions. The cerebral hemisphere connects with most areas of the contralateral hemisphere via the pallial, anterior and habenular commissures. The descending fibers travel in the medial and lateral forebrain bundles and in the tracts comprising the stria medullaris. Degenerating fibers and terminals were present throughout the diencephalon but were more abundant ipsilaterally. Fibers reach the pretectum and optic tectum via dorsal and ventral pathways. There is a heavy projection to the midbrain tegmentum and a sparse projection to the tectum via the ipsilateral lateral forebrain bundle. This tract continues into the medulla oblongata and the cervical spinal cord. Rostral and dorsal hemispheric ablations revealed that the majority of fibers forming the olfacto‐peduncular tract originate in the ventral, rostral one‐third of the hemisphere. It was also determined that the majority of the descending efferent fibers located in the lateral forebrain bundle originate from the caudal lateral hemispheric wall, and that these fibers form connections characteristic of mammalian corticofugal and striatofugal systems. The cytoarchitecture and connections of the caudal lateral hemispheric wall suggest that it is homologous to parts of motor isocortex and amygdala of amniotes.
2.64% of South Korean children aged 7 to 12 have autism spectrum disorders

ED FROM Kim YS, Leventhal BL, Koh YJ, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. Am J Psychiatry 2011;168:904–12. Correspondence to: Dr Young Shin Kim, Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, USA; young-shin.kim@yale.edu Sources of funding: Autism Speaks, the Children’s Brain Research Foundation, National Institute for Mental Health. OM M EN TA RY In this study, Kim et al quote a prevalence fi gure for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) of 2.64% (95% CI 1.91 to 3.7) in a population of children aged 7–12 years. At fi rst sight, this appears to be a marked increase on previously quoted prevalence rates (which have had an upward trend). 1 2 However, the rates are consistent with recent research suggesting dimensional distribution of autistic traits throughout the general population.3 There is no reason to think that South Korea has a very different rate of autism from other countries. The study exemplifi es the importance of differing methodologies4 in assessing prevalence, viz screening total populations versus targeting high-risk groups1 or register sampling. The need for sophisticated statistical techniques in a total population sampling to ensure, insofar as is possible, lack of bias due to the nearly inevitable low-participation rate was also highlighted (ie, 63%). It is not possible to determine whether those families with more signifi cant problems may have responded by participating, while those whose children had no problems did not complete the questionnaire. Prevalence rates can vary with thresholds for symptom severity as shown by groups defi ned on current subcategory basis (DSM autistic disorder versus other pervasive developmental disorders) (eg, 0.94%:1.70% (1:1.8) in the study Kim et al and 0.39%: 0.77% (1:2)1 in the study by Baird et al as compared with a group meeting complete Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) criteria plus DSM/ICD10 criteria versus ‘all other’ ASD groups 0.25%:0.91%1 (1:3.6)). Two features of the present study require further comment. First, the rate of ASD in the ‘high-risk population’ is low compared with other studies and this may well be due to the study assumption that non-participants with learning diffi culties did not have ASD. Second, many, perhaps most, of the children in mainstream schools had not previously been identifi ed as having a disorder and were not in receipt of support – thus, possibly not meeting the criteria for diagnosis of a ‘disorder’ in the true sense of the word although clearly they had features of autism and were generally of higher intellectual ability.
A case of anterior cerebral artery A1 segment hypoplasia syndrome presenting with right lower limb monoplegia, abulia, and urinary incontinence

Treatment of these lesions depends on the signs and symptoms, location, and type of injury. All patients should undergo definitive treatment[2] since these rarely regress and have a high incidence of rupture. [2] These aneurysms generally do not have a neck[1,3] and thus clipping is not always possible, and excision or clipping of parent vessel should be preoperatively planned. In peripheral aneurysms their occlusion does not cause ischemia in the distal flow, and thus can be excised, however, in a basal aneurysm bypass grafting should be planned preoperatively. The presence of hematoma and friable walls favors an operative approach over an endovascular one, although reports are also available for endovascular means. [6] TICAs are rare, need a high index of suspicion to diagnose them, and good preoperative planning to treat them. All patients of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage either due to blunt or penetrating trauma should undergo CT angiography to complete the diagnostic workup.
Analyse de relations de discours causales en corpus : étude empirique et caractérisation théorique

Dans cette these, nous nous interrogeons sur les realisations linguistiques des relations causales selon une approche semantique et pragmatique du discours. Bien que la causalite occupe une place centrale dans les theories du discours, il n’existe pas de consensus quant aux relations qui lui sont associees. Confrontant les propositions faites dans la litterature avec nos observations sur des donnees attestees, nous proposons de contribuer a l’enrichissement d’une theorie du discours specifique : la SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Cette these se situe donc a l’interface entre linguistique de corpus et linguistique theorique. Les analyses qui y sont menees s’appuient sur le corpus EXPLICADIS, corpus de francais ecrit constitue specifiquement pour repondre a l’objectif vise. L’annotation de ce corpus en relations de discours causales nous a ainsi autorisee a proceder a l’analyse de ces relations selon une approche originale qui consiste a prendre pour point de depart la relation elle-meme et non ses marqueurs. Cette approche nous a permis d’offrir une vision unificatrice de la causalite en caracterisant les relations de discours qui lui sont liees dans le cadre theorique de la SDRT. Elle nous a egalement permis de mener des etudes quantitatives et comparatives sur corpus. Notre travail dresse, en outre, un panorama des moyens d’expression de la causalite observes a l’ecrit en francais.
Combined space time trellis codes and beamforming on fast fading channels

It has been shown that when full channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter, the performance of space-time coded system can be further improved. In this paper, we present the design of combined space time trellis codes and beamforming, henceforth referred to as weighted space time trellis codes (WSTTCs). The upper bound on the pairwise error probability (PEP) of WSTTCs is derived, and a new design criterion is proposed. It is shown that WSTTCs can achieve not only a full spatial diversity order, but also an additional time diversity order as well as an additional received SNR gain, referred to as the weighting gain and a significant coding gain, relative the standard STTC. A good 4-state code based on the proposed criterion has been found by computer search. Simulation results show that the proposed 4-state WSTTC not only outperforms the optimum 4-state STTC without weighting by more than 4 dB, but is also superior by about 4 dB to the conventional beamforming scheme at the BER of 1.0e-4, over fast fading channels.
The role of prostanoid in hepatic damage during hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study in hepatectomy is to investigate whether or not hepatic ischemia elevates the serum prostanoid levels, and whether or not thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibitor (OKY 046) improves hepatic damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prostanoid levels were measured in 22 hepatectomy cases. The beneficial effects of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor were examined in cases who underwent hepatectomy under hemihepatic vascular control. The total prostanoid levels (6-keto PG Fla+ PGE2 + TXB2) were measured in 22 cases before and after hepatectomy. The hepatic ischemic time (HIT) was defined as the time required to perform a hepatic mobilization plus the right hemihepatic vascular control technique. RESULTS The total prostanoid levels increased after hepatectomy (P < 0.01). The changes in the total prostanoid levels positively correlated with the HIT (P < 0.01). The 17 cases who underwent hepatectomy with the HIT were randomly divided into 2 groups; the OKY group (n = 9), OKY 046 (0.2 mg/kg/hr), the control group (n = 8); no drug was given. The OKY 046 administration reduced the TXB2 levels (P < 0.01), without any changes in the PGE2, or 6-keto PGF1a levels. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels after operation were lower, and the hepaplastin tests were higher in the OKY group than those of the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that hepatectomy under ischemia elevated the prostanoid levels. OKY 046 significantly reduced the TXB2 levels and the degree of hepatic damage in hepatectomy under ischemia.