Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of labeled magnitude scales for the assessment of pain of dentin hypersensitivity.

AIMS To develop and test labeled magnitude (LM) scales that are sensitive to variations in pain associated with dentin hypersensitivity (DH). METHODS Qualitative methods were used first to obtain words that describe the pain of DH. Magnitude estimation was then used to determine the position of these descriptive terms by relative magnitude along four vertical LM scales. To assess their DH, patients used the four LM scales following dentin stimulation with 4°C and 25°C water. The LM scales were then compared to visual analog scale (VAS) ratings by using eight pain scenarios of varying severity. Finally, participants with DH completed the four horizontal LM scales and VAS after dentin stimulation with 4°C and 25°C water. Within-subject t tests were used for comparisons between scales and water temperatures, and between-subject t tests were used for comparisons between participants with and without DH. RESULTS Participants showed comparable differentiation between 4°C and 25°C water on VAS and three of the LM scale measures. Responses on the fourth LM scale showed better differentiation than VAS between the two water temperatures. Participants used a greater portion of the LM scales than VAS when rating low-level pain scenarios. CONCLUSION LM scales were shown to provide some advantages compared to standard VAS when used to evaluate DH-associated pain. These advantages may be generalized to other low-level pain conditions.
The relevance of interaction kinetics in determining biological response to estrogens.

The study of the kinetics of the interaction between two ethynyl estradiol derivatives (llβ-methoxy-17-ethynyl-l,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17β-diol and llα-methoxy-17-ethynyl-l,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17β-diol), differing in the configuration of the 11-methoxy substituent, and the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in mouse uterus and the study of their ability to induce short and long term estrogen responses (uterine weight increase, estrogen receptor replenishment, and progestin receptor induction) in the mouse have led to the following conclusions. Potent agonists are compounds which form slowly dissociating cytoplasmic receptor complexes. Low doses of weak agonists are able to induce short term responses to the same extent as potent agonists but are unable to maintain these responses; higher doses or frequent administration are required to maintain an effect. The degree of agonist activity is related to the nuclear estrogen receptor concentration, which is in turn related to the ability of the ligand to form a s.
Fluctuaciones de tensión eléctrica en redes industriales debidas a la operación de cargas de gran tamaño

La operacion de un sistema electrico debe cumplir con aspectos de economia, y de seguridad. Un aspecto importante, es la propension que tienen los circuitos utilizados por las companias electricas a las fluctuaciones en la tension electrica cuando alimentan cargas de gran tamano. Estas fluctuaciones momentaneas en la magnitud de la tension suministrada son probablemente los problemas de calidad de la energia mas importantes. Sin embargo, los usuarios industriales con servicio de suministro electrico exclusivo son mas bien la excepcion que la regla. En consecuencia, los niveles crecientes de las fluctuaciones de tension producidos por la operacion de cargas ciclicas de tamanos considerables utilizadas por algunos usuarios, se proyectan como una fuente progresiva de deterioro de la calidad de la energia no solo en las instalaciones de los usuarios que las producen sino tambien en instalaciones vecinas alimentadas por la misma linea. En este documento se propone una metodologia para caracterizar los fenomenos electromagneticos que se presentan en sistemas electricos industriales debiles, para establecer un criterio para diagnosticar incompatibilidades entre el sistema electrico de suministro y la carga.
SAR Target Discrimination Based on BOW Model With Sample-Reweighted Category-Specific and Shared Dictionary Learning

To improve the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target discrimination performance under complex scenes, this letter presents a new SAR target discrimination method based on the bag-of-words model. The method contains three main stages. In the local feature extraction stage, the SAR-SIFT feature is extracted. In the feature coding stage, we improve the existing category-specific and shared dictionary learning (CSDL) and propose the sample-reweighted CSDL (SR-CSDL). The local features are sparsely coded using the codebook learned from SR-CSDL. In the feature pooling stage, spatial pyramid matching with max pooling is used to aggregate the local coding coefficients to generate the global feature for each chip image. Experimental results using the miniSAR data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Three cone opsin genes determine the properties of the visual spectra in the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus (Engraulidae, Teleostei)

SUMMARY A complement of cone visual pigments was identified in the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, one of the engraulid fish species that has a retina specialized for polarization and color vision. The nature of the chromophore bound to opsin proteins was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The opsin genes were then cloned and sequenced, and the absorption spectra of different types of cones were obtained by microspectrophotometry. Two green (EJ-RH2-1, EJ-RH2-2) and one red (EJ-LWS) cone opsin genes were identified and are presumably related to the vitamin A1-based visual pigments (i.e. rhodopsins) with λmax values of 492, 474 and 512 nm, respectively. The long and short cones from the ventro-temporal retinal zone consisted of a pure population of RH2 class gene-based pigments (λmax=492 nm). The long and short cones from other retinal areas and the lateral components of the triple cones possessed a mixture of RH2 and LWS class gene-based pigments that exhibited a λmax of ~502 nm. The central component of the triple cones contained only RH2 class gene-based pigments (λmax=474 nm). Thus, E. japonicus possesses a middle-wave range of spectral sensitivity and acquires different color vision systems in distinct visual fields.
Singlet Oxygen Signatures Are Detected Independent of Light or Chloroplasts in Response to Multiple Stresses1[C][W]

Diverse stresses can produce singlet oxygen in a light-independent manner and generate a singlet oxygen transcriptome footprint. The production of singlet oxygen is typically associated with inefficient dissipation of photosynthetic energy or can arise from light reactions as a result of accumulation of chlorophyll precursors as observed in fluorescent (flu)-like mutants. Such photodynamic production of singlet oxygen is thought to be involved in stress signaling and programmed cell death. Here we show that transcriptomes of multiple stresses, whether from light or dark treatments, were correlated with the transcriptome of the flu mutant. A core gene set of 118 genes, common to singlet oxygen, biotic and abiotic stresses was defined and confirmed to be activated photodynamically by the photosensitizer Rose Bengal. In addition, induction of the core gene set by abiotic and biotic selected stresses was shown to occur in the dark and in nonphotosynthetic tissue. Furthermore, when subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses in the dark, the singlet oxygen-specific probe Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green detected rapid production of singlet oxygen in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root. Subcellular localization of Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green fluorescence showed its accumulation in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the nucleus, suggesting several compartments as the possible origins or targets for singlet oxygen. Collectively, the results show that singlet oxygen can be produced by multiple stress pathways and can emanate from compartments other than the chloroplast in a light-independent manner. The results imply that the role of singlet oxygen in plant stress regulation and response is more ubiquitous than previously thought.
Dependence of the focal spot parameters on the relief height of the amplitude zone plate

In this paper amplitude Fresnel zone plates (ZPs) with silver and chromium relief on silica glass are theoretically and experimentally investigated. Study of the focal spot characteristics versus the height of chromium and silver ring of ZP was carried out. It showed that the height of the relief of 70 nm allows to achieve an optimum ratio of the width and the intensity of the focal spot. Also, the results of a numerical experiment on focusing radiation with the help of a fabricated ZP, the relief height of which was 70 nm are presented. Using a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) with a small-aperture metal probe, we show that a chromium ZP with relief of height equals to 70 nm, diameter of 15 µm and focal length of λ = 532 nm focuses a linearly polarized Gaussian beam into an ellipse with the Cartesian axis diameters FWHMx = 0. 42λ and FWHMy = 0. 64λ.
A stimulatory effect of tolbutamide on the insulin-mediated glucose uptake in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Several studies have indicated that the long-term effectiveness of sulfonylurea therapy in the treatment of type-II diabetics is due to a potentiation of insulin action. The present investigation was undertaken in order to elucidate whether or not there is also an acute effect of sulfonylureas on insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Nine non-obese subjects classified as having impaired glucose tolerance formed the study group. In vivo insulin sensitivity was assessed by using the glucose controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator) without or with a contemporary 3-hour tolbutamide infusion. Studies were performed on subsequent days, and each subject served as its own control. Glucose was given at a fixed rate of 0.011 mmol/kg b.w. /min. The computer program was set to maintain plasma glucose concentration at 3.89 mmol/l. The amount of exogenous insulin necessary to keep glycemia at this steady-state level has been accepted as an estimate of insulin sensitivity. Mean plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were constant and comparable in control and sulfonylurea treated groups. Under our experimental conditions tolbutamide did not provoke any increase of C-peptide secretion. There was no significant alteration of insulin counterregulatory hormones (glucagon and growth hormone) either. On the other hand, for the disposal of identical quantities of glucose the necessary amount of insulin has been found to be reduced by one third due to tolbutamide treatment indicating a higher insulin sensitivity. The mechanism by which tolbutamide intensifies the insulin effect is unknown. It seems to be that a successful short-term sulfonylurea therapy on glucose utilization is associated with some alterations on the receptor and/or post-receptor level.
Neurongrowth, a software for automatic quantification of neurite and filopodial dynamics from time‐lapse sequences of digital images

We developed NeuronGrowth, a software for the automatic quantification of extension and retraction of neurites and filopodia, from time‐lapse sequences of two‐dimensional digital micrographs. NeuronGrowth requires a semiautomatic characterization of individual neurites in a reference frame, which is then used for automatic tracking and measurement of every neurite over the whole image sequence. Modules for sequence alignment, background subtraction, flat field correction, light normalization, and cropping have been integrated to improve the quality of the analysis. Moreover, NeuronGrowth incorporates a deconvolution filter that corrects the shadow‐cast effect of differential interference contrast (DIC) images. NeuronGrowth was tested by analyzing the formation of outgrowth patterns by individual leech neurons cultured under two different conditions. Phase contrast images were obtained from neurons plated on CNS homogenates and DIC images were obtained from similar neurons plated on ganglion capsules as substrates. Filopodia were measured from fluorescent growth‐cones of chick dorsal root ganglion cells. Quantitative data of neurite extension and retraction obtained by three different users applying NeuronGrowth and two other manually operated software packages were similar. However, NeuronGrowth required less user participation and had a better time performance when compared with the other software packages. NeuronGrowth may be used in general to quantify the dynamics of tubular structures such as blood vessels. NeuronGrowth is a free plug‐in for the free software ImageJ and can be downloaded along with a user manual, a troubleshooting section and other information required for its use from http://www.ifc. unam.mx or http://www.ifc. unam.mx/ffm/index.html. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 870–881, 2011
Coat Proteins and Vesicle Budding

The trafficking of proteins within eukaryotic cells is achieved by the capture of cargo and targeting molecules into vesicles that bud from a donor membrane and deliver their contents to a receiving compartment. This process is bidirectional and may involve multiple organelles within a cell. Distinct coat proteins mediate each budding event, serving both to shape the transport vesicle and to select by direct or indirect interaction the desired set of cargo molecules. Secretion, which has been viewed as a default pathway, may require sorting and packaging signals on transported molecules to ensure their rapid delivery to the cell surface.
CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN CLASSICAL VOCAL STYLES FROM MELODIC CONTOURS

A prominent categorization of Indian classical music is the Hindustani and Carnatic traditions, the two styles having evolved under distinctly different historical and cultural influences. Both styles are grounded in the m elodic and rhythmic framework of raga and tala. The styles differ along dimensions such as instrumentation, aesthetics and voice production. In particular, Carnatic music is perceived as being more ornamented. The hypothesis that style distinctions are embedded in the m elodic contour is validated via subjective classification tests. Melodic features representing the distinctive cha racteristics are extracted from the audio. Previous work based on the extent of stable pitch regions is supported by measurements of musicians’ annotations of stable notes. Further, a new feature is introduced that captures the presence of specific pitch modulations characteristic of ornamentation in Indian classical music. The combined features show high classification accuracy on a database of vocal music of prominent artist es. The misclassifications are seen to match actual listener confusions.
A new clan of CBM families based on bioinformatics of starch‐binding domains from families CBM20 and CBM21

Approximately 10% of amylolytic enzymes are able to bind and degrade raw starch. Usually a distinct domain, the starch‐binding domain (SBD), is responsible for this property. These domains have been classified into families of carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBM). At present, there are six SBD families: CBM20, CBM21, CBM25, CBM26, CBM34, and CBM41. This work is concentrated on CBM20 and CBM21. The CBM20 module was believed to be located almost exclusively at the C‐terminal end of various amylases. The CBM21 module was known as the N‐terminally positioned SBD of Rhizopus glucoamylase. Nowadays many nonamylolytic proteins have been recognized as possessing sequence segments that exhibit similarities with the experimentally observed CBM20 and CBM21. These facts have stimulated interest in carrying out a rigorous bioinformatics analysis of the two CBM families. The present analysis showed that the original idea of the CBM20 module being at the C‐terminus and the CBM21 module at the N‐terminus of a protein should be modified. Although the CBM20 functionally important tryptophans were found to be substituted in several cases, these aromatics and the regions around them belong to the best conserved parts of the CBM20 module. They were therefore used as templates for revealing the corresponding regions in the CBM21 family. Secondary structure prediction together with fold recognition indicated that the CBM21 module structure should be similar to that of CBM20. The evolutionary tree based on a common alignment of sequences of both modules showed that the CBM21 SBDs from α‐amylases and glucoamylases are the closest relatives to the CBM20 counterparts, with the CBM20 modules from the glycoside hydrolase family GH13 amylopullulanases being possible candidates for the intermediate between the two CBM families.
The Tilecal/ATLAS detector control system

Tilecal is the barrel hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector that is presently being built at CERN to operate at the LHC accelerator. The main task of the Tilecal detector control system (DCS) is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the detector. All actions initiated by the operator and all errors, warnings, and alarms concerning the hardware of the detector are handled by DCS. The DCS has to continuously monitor all operational parameters, give warnings and alarms concerning the hardware of the detector. The DCS architecture consists of a distributed back-end (BE) system running on PC's and different front-end (FE) systems. The implementation of the BE will he achieved with a commercial supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) and the FE instrumentation will consist on a wide variety of equipment. The connection between the FE and BE is provided by fieldbus or LAN and a SCADA real-time (RT) database will contain records of all equipment and where the corresponding data values are stored. The Tilecal DCS design is being finalized. Prototypes of the main systems were already tested and are being upgraded to be used in the 2004 ATLAS subdetectors combined test beam at CERN. The low voltage control system is based on the ELMB board developed by ATLAS for the several subdetectors and the high voltage system is based on the HV-micro boards developed by Tilecal. Status and results are presented.
Monitoring Cerebral and Renal Oxygenation Status during Neonatal Digestive Surgeries Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Background Depending on the initial pathology, hypovolemia, intra-abdominal hypertension, and sepsis are often encountered in neonatal digestive surgery. Accurate newborn monitoring during and after surgery is essential to adapt resuscitation protocols. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is non-invasive and can detect hypoperfusion which indicates a low circulatory blood flow, regardless of the cause. Objective Evaluating changes in cerebral and renal regional oxygen saturation during neonatal digestive surgeries, conducted according to normal practices, with commonly used monitoring parameters. Analyzing retrospectively the inter-relationships between NIRS values and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values as well as pre-ductal SpO2. Methods Prospective, descriptive, monocentric study. All neonates referred for surgery were included. NIRS allows the measurement of cerebral and renal oxygenation fluctuations, as well as calculating difference in intraoperative and postoperative values. Results Nineteen patients were included. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (C rSO2) values were stable while renal regional oxygen saturation (R rSO2) values tended to decrease with time during surgery. Indeed, 72% of rSO2 decline episodes occurred after the first 30 min of surgery, without any significant statistical differences for the next 90 min of surgery. After surgery, the lowest average C and R rSO2 values were evidenced during the first 6 h, with 60% of C rSO2 and R rSO2 anomalies occurring in that time frame. There was no significant statistical difference observed in the following 18 h. There was a significant correlation between R rSO2 and SpO2 values (p < 0.01), but not with C rSO2 values. There was no correlation with the MAP either for the C rSO2 values or R rSO2 ones. Conclusion NIRS is a promising non-invasive bedside tool to monitor cerebral and tissue perfusion, analyzing tissue microcirculation. NIRS has its interest to guide neonatal digestive surgeries (bowel manipulation, viscera reduction) and may represent an early warning for identifying patients requiring resuscitation during or after these surgeries.
High performance constant switching frequency hysteresis-based direct torque control technique

Classical Direct Torque Control (DTC) exhibits high dynamic response due to inherent hysteresis controllers, but suffers from the issue of variable switching frequency. This paper proposes a DTC technique that is not only able to retain the dynamic response of classical DTC, but also achieves both constant switching frequency as well as lesser torque and flux ripples compared to classical DTC. Comparison of classical and proposed DTC technique is presented by simulation and experimental results.
Adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS-2B)

ABSTRACT Pneumococcal adherence to alveolar epithelial cells and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells has been well characterized. However, the interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae with bronchial epithelial cells has not been studied. We have now shown that pneumococci bind specifically to a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B cells). Pneumococci adhered to BEAS-2B cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the bronchial epithelium may serve as an additional site of attachment for pneumococci and demonstrate the utility of the BEAS-2B cell line for studying mechanisms of pneumococcal infection.
Operating Characteristic Analysis of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid under Energy Internet

In order to solve the problems about frequency fluctuation, power allocation between AC and DC sub-microgrid, and operation switching between island and grid-connection mode, a synthetically operation control strategy of hybrid AC/DC microgrid is presented in this paper. As the main converter in AC sub-microgrid, the control strategy of the storage converter adopts the voltage control type virtual synchronous generator (VSG). The bi-directional DC/AC converter coordinates the power exchange between the AC and DC sub-microgrid. And the storage units in DC sub-microgrid automatically and equally sharing power allocation. In addition, the smooth switching of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid is achieved through the pre-synchronization control unit. With MATLAB/Simulink software, it simulates and validates the operation characteristics and control strategies of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid under the grid-connection mode, island mode and different modes switching. The simulation results show that the synthetically operation control strategies can achieve power allocation, smooth switching and stable operation of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid.
Diferencia Entre El Discurso Y La Realidad: La Reacción De La Sociedad Ante La Violencia De Género

This research has the general objective to know the perception of society on gender violence (GV). Specifically, the following issues were raised: 1) analyzing what people says about his reaction to a situation of VG; 2) analyze the reactions of society to an act of VG in a public space; 3) To analyze if there is a discrepancy between the rhetoric and reality of reactions to such situations; 4) raising awareness of the importance and seriousness of the issue. Methodologically survey to find out what people think about the GV and how they would react in a situation of this type were made. Then a content analysis of different recordings scenes where actors simulated a situation GV, putting the focus on the reaction of people was performed. The main result indicates that does not match what people said that would do in a situation of GV with reality. In addition, some situations are considered as settled GV in society that are obviated, and the population is not even aware that they are witnessing a case of GV.