Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of requirements management and traceability tools

Requirements management is critical to software delivery success and project lifecycle. Requirements management and their traceability provide assistance for many software engineering activities like impact analysis, coverage analysis, requirements validation and regr ession testing. In addition requirements traceability is the recognized component of many software process improvement initiatives. Requirements traceability also helps to control and manage evolution of a software system. This paper aims to provide an evaluation of current requirements management and traceability tools. Management and test managers require an appropriate tool for the software under test. We hope, evaluation identified here will help to select the efficient and effective tool.
Comparative analysis of abundance–occupancy relationships for species at risk at both broad taxonomic and spatial scales

The abundance–occupancy relationship is one of the most well-examined relationships in ecology. At the species level, a positive association has been widely documented. However, until recently, research on the nature of this relationship at broad taxonomic and spatial scales has been limited. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of 12 taxonomic groups across a large spatial scale (Canada), using data on Canadian species at risk: amphibians, arthropods, birds, freshwater fishes, lichens, marine fishes, marine mammals, molluscs, mosses, reptiles, terrestrial mammals, and vascular plants. We find a significantly positive relationship in all taxonomic groups with the exception of freshwater fishes (negative association) and lichens (no association). In general, our work underscores the strength and breadth of this apparently fundamental relationship and provides insight into novel applications for large-scale population dynamics. Further development of species-independent abundance–occupancy relationships,.
Cellular Response to Oncogenic Ras Involves Induction of the Cdk4 and Cdk6 Inhibitor p15INK4b

ABSTRACT The cell cycle inhibitor p15 INK4b is frequently inactivated by homozygous deletion together with p16 INK4a and p19 ARF in some types of tumors. Although the tumor suppressor capability of p15 INK4b is still questioned, it has been found to be specifically inactivated by hypermethylation in hematopoietic malignancies in the absence of p16 INK4a alterations. Here we show that, in vitro, p15 INK4b is a strong inhibitor of cellular transformation by Ras. Surprisingly, p15 INK4b is induced in cultured cells by oncogenic Ras to an extent similar to that of p16 INK4a , and their expression is associated with premature G1 arrest and senescence. Ras-dependent induction of these two INK4 genes is mediated mainly by the Raf-Mek-Erk pathway. Studies with activated and dominant negative forms of Ras effectors indicate that the Raf-Mek-Erk pathway is essential for induction of both the p15 INK4b and p16 INK4a promoters, although other Ras effector pathways can collaborate, giving rise to a stronger response. Our results indicate that p15 INK4b , by itself, is able to stop cell transformation by Ras and other oncogenes such as Rgr (a new oncogene member of the Ral-GDS family, whose action is mediated through Ras). In fact, embryonic fibroblasts isolated from p15 INK4b knockout mice are susceptible to transformation by the Ras or Rgr oncogene whereas wild-type embryonic fibroblasts are not. Similarly, p15 INK4b -deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts are more sensitive than wild-type cells to transformation by a combination of the Rgr and E1A oncogenes. The cell cycle inhibitor p15 INK4b is therefore involved, at least in some cell types, in the tumor suppressor activity triggered after inappropriate oncogenic Ras activation in the cell.
Aplicação de inteligência computacional para classificação de imagens utilizando descritores de textura.

Em 2015 no Instituto Federal Sudeste de Minas Gerais – Campus Juiz de Fora, foi desenvolvido o software SDPI (Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para classificacao de padroes em imagens), capaz de extrair descritores de textura de um grupo de imagens. Este trabalho apresenta como o SDPI foi aprimorado com uma rede neural artificial capaz de treinar e testar os descritores de textura extraidos pelo software. Para o desenvolvimento da rede foi utilizada a biblioteca Encog, e para sua validacao foram testadas tres grupos de dados, uma base de dados de câncer mamario, grupo de base de dados contendo diferentes formatos de textura e uma base de dados com duas especies diferentes de folha. Todas as bases obtiveram resultados compativeis com os esperados pela literatura, o que comprova o funcionamento da rede.
Stroke center certification: where are we in 2010?

Each year about 795 000 people in the USA will experience a new or recurrent stroke. About 600 000 of these events are first attacks, and 185 000 are recurrent attacks. Of all the strokes, 87% are ischemic, 10% are intracranial hemorrhage and 3% are subarachnoid hemorrhage. On average, every 40s someone in the USA has a stroke. Significant disparities exist within the US population: each year women have 55 000 more strokes than men, blacks have almost twice the risk of first-ever stroke compared with whites and Mexican Americans have an increased incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with non-Hispanic whites, as well as increased incidence of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) at younger ages. In 2005, stroke accounted for about one of every 17 deaths in the USA or 143 579 individuals. Stroke ranks at number three among all causes of death, behind cardiovascular disease and cancer and is the leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the USA. The estimated direct and indirect cost of stroke for 2009 is $68.9 billion.1 Since the approval of intravenous tPA in 1995, a number of key initiatives supported by evidence-based medicine have led to the national, regional and local organization of previously fragmented stroke care into more specialized hospital-based and stroke systems of care. These initiatives in organized stroke care have dramatically altered the landscape for stroke patients and providers. Many factors are driving the centralization of acute stroke care in the USA. The recent development of formal certification for stroke centers is both a cause and an effect of this push. The certification process is still in evolution, and many different organizations, including state legislatures, are involved. In addition, the relationship between primary stroke centers (PSCs, essentially intravenous tPA-capable facilities) and comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs, generally endovascularly capable facilities) is …
Attack-Proof Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Consensus Algorithm in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is an effective technology for alleviating the unreliability of local spectrum sensing due to fading/shadowing effects. Unlike most existing solutions, this paper considers the use of CSS technology in decentralized networks where a fusion center is not available. In such a decentralized network, some attackers may sneak into the ranks of cooperative users. On the basis of recent advances in bio-inspired consensus algorithms, an attack-proof, decentralized CSS scheme is proposed in which all secondary users can maintain cooperative sensing by exchanging information locally instead of requiring centralized control or data fusion. Users no longer need any prior knowledge of the network. To counter three potential categories of spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks, some anti-attack strategies are applied to the iterative process of information exchange. This enables most authentic users to exclude potentially malicious users from their neighborhood. As represented by simulation results, the proposed scheme can generally ensure that most authentic users reach a consensus within the given number of iterations, and it also demonstrates much better robustness against different SSDF attacks than several existing schemes.
Innate immunity and graft rejection

Summary: Although innate immunity evolved to combat pathogens, increasing awareness of a pivotal role in driving and shaping adaptive immunity has prompted this review on the role of innate immunity in graft rejection. We present evidence that grafts, especially xenografts, elicit innate responses, required for adaptive immunity. Particular attention is paid to studies by ourselves and others demonstrating the important role of innate immunity in T‐cell trafficking. The mechanisms by which grafts elicit innate immunity are a fertile subject for further investigation and an important target for therapeutic intervention.
The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND Small numbers of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts can contaminate even treated drinking water, and ingestion of oocysts can cause diarrheal disease in normal as well as immunocompromised hosts. Since the number of organisms necessary to cause infection in humans is unknown, we performed a study to determine the infective dose of the parasite in healthy adults. METHODS After providing informed consent, 29 healthy volunteers without evidence of previous C. parvum infection, as determined by the absence of anti-cryptosporidium-specific antibodies, were given a single dose of 30 to 1 million C. parvum oocysts obtained from a calf. They were then monitored for oocyst excretion and clinical illness for eight weeks. Household contacts were monitored for secondary spread. RESULTS Of the 16 subjects who received an intended dose of 300 or more oocysts, 14 (88 percent) became infected. After a dose of 30 oocysts, one of five subjects (20 percent) became infected, whereas at a dose of 1000 or more oocysts, seven of seven became infected. The median infective dose, calculated by linear regression, was 132 oocysts. Of the 18 subjects who excreted oocysts after the challenge dose, 11 had enteric symptoms and 7 (39 percent) had clinical cryptosporidiosis, consisting of diarrhea plus at least one other enteric symptom. All recovered, and there were no secondary cases of diarrhea among household contacts. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adults with no serologic evidence of past infection with C. parvum, a low dose of C. parvum oocysts is sufficient to cause infection.
Effect of Black maca (Lepidium meyenii) on one spermatogenic cycle in rats

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) grows exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m above sea level in the Peruvian central Andes. The hypocotyls of this plant are traditionally used in the Andean region for their supposed fertility‐enhancing properties. The hypocotyls have different colours. Of these, Black maca has better effects on spermatogenesis. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that Black maca has early effects during a spermatogenic cycle (12 days) of male rats. For this, testicular spermatid, epididymal sperm and vas deferens sperm counts were measured after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 12 days of treatment with Black maca. Aqueous extract of Black maca was given orally by daily gavage at a dose of 2 g kg−1. In a spermatogenic cycle, compared with day 1, daily sperm production (DSP) was lower at day 7 (control), whereas with Black maca, the difference was observed at day 12. Epididymal sperm count was higher in rats treated with Black maca at days 1, 3 and 7, but similar to controls at days 5 and 12; similarly sperm counts in vas deferens was higher in rats treated with Black maca in days 3, 5 and 7, but similar to controls at days 1 and 12. From this, it is suggested that first action of Black maca was at epididymal level increasing sperm count after 1 day of treatment, whereas an increase in sperm count was observed in vas deferens at day 3 of treatment. Finally, an increase in DSP was observed after 7 days of treatment with Black maca. Testicular testosterone was not affected after 7 days treatment with Black maca. In conclusion, Black maca affects sperm count as early as 1 day after beginning of treatment.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION DURING THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD.

Mechanical small bowel obstruction in the early postoperative period is more common than generally thought, and unless recognition and proper treatment are prompt, the mortality is high. Diagnosis in this period is often difficult because vomiting, distention, and obstipation are such common sequelae of intra-abdominal operations that the surgeon may fail to recognize their significance until the obstruction is far advanced. The presence of a low-grade fever and a slight elevation of the white blood cell count are of no diagnostic help. Also, the patient, obtunded by analgesic drugs, is not quick to perceive changes in the pain pattern and the development of new symptoms. In addition, once the presence of an obstruction is recognized, proper treatment depends upon a clear understanding of the nature of the obstruction—mechanical or paralytic. Careful repeated clinical observations and plain x-ray films of the abdomen are the most important factors that lead to a
User Choices and Regret: Understanding Users’ Decision Process About Consensually Acquired Spyware

Spyware is software which monitors user actions, gathers personal data, and/or displays advertisements to users. While some spyware is installed surreptitiously, a surprising amount is installed on users’ computers with their active participation. In some cases, users agree to accept spyware as part of a software bundle as a cost associated with gaining functionality they desire. In many other cases, however, users are unaware that they installed spyware, or of the consequences of that installation. This lack of awareness occurs even when the functioning of the spyware is explicitly declared in the end user license agreement (EULA). We argue and demonstrate that poor interface design contributes to the difficulty end users experience when trying to manage their computing environment. This paper reviews the legal, technical, and design issues related to the installation of spyware bundled with other software. It reports on results of an experiment in which thirty-one users were asked to configure computers, deciding which software to install from a set of software that included disclosed spyware. The results suggest that current EULA interfaces do little to encourage informed decision-making and that simpler interfaces with key terms highlighted have potential to improve informed decision-making.
Wave front fragmentation due to ventricular geometry in a model of the rabbit heart.

The role of the heart's complex shape in causing the fragmentation of activation wave fronts characteristic of ventricular fibrillation (VF) has not been well studied. We used a finite element model of cardiac propagation capable of simulating functional reentry on curved two-dimensional surfaces to test the hypothesis that uneven surface curvature can cause local propagation block leading to proliferation of reentrant wave fronts. We found that when reentry was induced on a flat sheet, it rotated in a repeatable meander pattern without breaking up. However, when a model of the rabbit ventricles was formed from the same medium, reentrant wave fronts followed complex, nonrepeating trajectories. Local propagation block often occurred when wave fronts propagated across regions where the Gaussian curvature of the surface changed rapidly. This type of block did not occur every time wave fronts crossed such a region; rather, it only occurred when the wave front was very close behind the previous wave in the cycle and was therefore propagating into relatively inexcitable tissue. Close wave front spacing resulted from nonstationary reentrant propagation. Thus, uneven surface curvature and nonstationary reentrant propagation worked in concert to produce wave front fragmentation and complex activation patterns. None of the factors previously thought to be necessary for local propagation block (e.g., heterogeneous refractory period, steep action potential duration restitution) were present. We conclude that the complex geometry of the heart may be an important determinant of VF activation patterns. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
Pengklasteran Berbasis Segmen Menggunakan Paragraf Untuk Identifikasi Topik Pada Deteksi IndikasiPlagiarisme

Salah satu permasalahan dalam plagiarisme adalah keberagaman topik pada dokumen-dokumen sumber yang menyebabkan dibutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama saat proses pendeteksian berjalan. Maka penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan sistem pendeteksi indikasi plagiarisme menggunakan proses klastering berbasis segmen menggunakan paragraf dari set dokumen sumber untuk selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi topik pada setiap klaster.Sebagai evaluasi dari kinerja proses klastering digunakan dataset berupa 170 dokumen jurnal penelitian, menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia, dengan total paragraf adalah 3159. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan pengembangan yang diusulkan dapat mengurangi jumlah dokumen sumber sampai 98.8% serta waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam proses deteksi indikasi plagiarisme dengan hasil klastering rata-rata membutuhkan waktu 2.8 menit untuk setiap proses deteksi.
Faux Vector Processor Design Using FPGA-Based Cores by Diwas Timilsina

Roughly a decade ago, computing performance hit a power wall. With this came the power consumption and heat dissipation concerns that have forced the semiconductor industry to radically change its course, shifting focus from performance to power e ciency. We believe that Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) play an important role in this new era. FPGAs combine the performance and power savings of specialized hardware while maintaining the flexibility of general purpose processors (GPPs). Most importantly, pairing an FPGAs with a GPP to support partnered computation can yield performance and energy e ciency improvements, and flexibility that neither device can achieve on their own. In this work, we show that a GPP tightly coupled to a sequential vector processor implemented on an FPGA, called Faux Vector Processor (FVP), can support e cient, general purpose, partnered computation.
Characterisation of beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptor subtypes in the atrioventricular node of diabetic rat hearts by quantitative autoradiography.

STUDY OBJECT The aim was to determine whether the changes in beta adrenoceptors might be involved in the conduction system of diabetic rat hearts. DESIGN beta Adrenoceptors in the atrioventricular node of diabetic hearts and controls were characterised by quantitative autoradiography. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL The experiments were performed in five male Wistar rats injected with streptozotocin (65 mg.kg-1) to induce diabetes and in five rats injected with vehicle alone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS 125I-iodocyanopindolol binding sites decreased by 25% in atrioventricular node of diabetic hearts compared to control hearts without a significant change in the affinity. The selective beta 1 adrenoceptor antagonist CGP20712A (100 nmol.litre-1) displaced about 30% and 50% of the total atrioventricular node binding sites in diabetic and control hearts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that a decrease in beta adrenoceptors, mainly of the beta 1 subtype, in the atrioventricular node may play an important role in the cardiac conduction disturbance of diabetic animals.
Robust sliding-mode control of a MEMS optical switch

Over the last few years interests have emerged for application of MEMS in telecommunications. The use of MEMS for optical switching has turned to be the most attractive since this application could revolutionize fiber optic telecommunications. In this paper a robust control strategy based on sliding-mode control theory is developed for a MEMS optical switch, considering electrical, mechanical, and optical models. Sliding-mode control enables compact realization of a robust controller tolerant of device characteristics variation, non-linearties, and types of inherent instabilities. Robustness of proposed control scheme against disturbances is proved by Lyapunov second method and demonstrated through simulations. In addition, the presented control scheme is simple to implement in practical application.
Calibración intraoperatoria de la funduplicatura tipo Nissen laparoscópica: resultados de la bujía intraluminal y la manometría de alta resolución

La importancia de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofagico (ERGE) radica en la gran afectacion de la calidad de vida que produce en los individuos que la padecen asi como en la posibilidad de desembocar en complicaciones graves. Hoy en dia entendemos por ERGE la condicion que se produce cuando el contenido acido del estomago en el esofago causa sintomatologia que afecta a la calidad de vida del paciente y/o complicaciones2, 3. Esta sintomatologia la constituyen pirosis, regurgitacion, disfagia y otros sintomas no tan tipicos como el dolor toracico o la tos nocturna. La prevalencia de la enfermedad ha ido en aumento progresivamente en los ultimos anos, sobre todo en el mundo occidental4, en probable relacion con los habitos higienicodieteticos y del estilo de vida. La clave para entender y tratar la ERGE esta en el conocimiento de su fisiopatologia, y con ella, de la barrera antirreflujo5, constituida por todos aquellos factores que intervienen en el control del paso del contenido acido del estomago hacia el esofago. Esta barrera tiene cuatro componentes fundamentales: fibras musculares oblicuas del cardias, “crura” diafragmatica, anclaje del esofago intraabdominal mediante la membrana frenoesofagica y el esfinter esofagico inferior en si mismo6. Todos estos componentes estan intimamente relacionados. Asi, la presencia o ausencia de reflujo acido patologico en el esofago no solo esta relacionada con una perdida de la integridad del EEI, sino tambien con alteraciones anatomicas que alteran la disposicion de la UGE o alteraciones de la motilidad gastrica que a su vez tiene repercusion en la relajacion del EEI.
Criptografia com Curvas Elípticas

This paper presents an overview of the use of elliptic curves in cryptography. The security of this cryptosystem is based on the discrete logarithm problem, which appears to be much harder compared to the discrete logarithm problem in other cryptosystems. An overview of common cryptosystems is given, such as Diffie-Hellman and RSA, and an elliptic curve cryptography scheme is discussed. -------- Este trabalho apresenta o uso das curvas el\'ipticas em criptografia. Sua seguran\c{c}a est\'a baseada no problema do logaritmo discreto. Este problema aparentemente \'e significativamente mais dif\'icil de resolver, comparado com o problema do logaritmo discreto usado por outros sistemas de criptografia. \'E dada uma vis\~ao geral de sistemas de criptografia comuns, como Diffie-Hellman e RSA, e discute-se um esquema de criptografia usando curvas el\'ipticas.
A new approach for automatic motion compensation for improved estimation of perfusion quantification parameters in ultrasound imaging

This work presents a new approach for automatic motion compensation in the context of ultrasound contrast imaging. Image registration is obtained by performing a rigid transformation on the basis of a similarity criterion between a reference image and the images to be realigned. Mutual information was found to be the most suitable and robust similarity criterion in the presence of changes in contrast occurring during the ultrasound contrast agent wash-in and wash-out phases. A series of optimization strategies is also presented in order to maximize processing speed, such as a predictive-motion model and adaptive spatial sub-sampling, taking into account the image content. Parametric perfusion imaging computed on motion-compensated sequences shows substantial improvements, both in accuracy and in spatial resolution of the parameter estimates, compared to the results obtained on original image sequences. Examples using in-vivo sequences demonstrate the potential of this approach, which will undoubtedly play an increasing role in the future of ultrasound contrast imaging in radiological applications.