Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Reductive Isopropylation of Benzene with Acetone over Nano-Copper Chromite-Loaded H-Mordenite

Alkylation of benzene by acetone was carried out over nano-copper chromite-loaded H-mordenite catalyst in a fixed bed flow reactor with 100% selectivity for the cumene. The catalytic activity of the modified catalyst was found to increase with an increase in copper chromite content in the mordenite. The activity of the catalyst was however found to be dependent on both preactivation temperature and time. Experiments were carried out to find out a mass transfer resistance-free zone by varying different parameters. Kinetic runs were taken in the mass transfer resistance-free zone at constant benzene to acetone molar ratio of 4:1 by varying the space-time under isothermal conditions in the reactor. Various kinetic models were proposed following the Langmuir−Hinshelwood−Hougen−Watson approach. The model parameters were estimated by nonlinear regression analysis. From the estimated kinetic constants of the best model, the activation energy of the reaction was determined to be 120.5 kJ/mol.
Excited State Absorption Measurements In Some Scintillator Dye Solutions

Time-resolved excited state triplet-triplet absorption spectra were measured for solutions of 2,5 diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 2,1 napthyl, 5 phenyloxazole (aNPO) in several solvents. Concentration quenching effects due to excimer formation in nonaromatic solvents were observed. A numerical analysis of the experimental results yielded the rate constants for intersystem crossing, triplet quenching by 02, triplet self quenching and the formation of excimers.
THE EFFECT OF AGING ON DISINTEGRANT EFFICIENCY IN DIRECT COMPRESSION TABLETS WITH VARIED SOLUBILITY AND HYGROSCOPICITY, IN TERMS OF DISSOLUTION

AbstractThe effect of tablet aging on the dissolution efficiency of three “super disintegrants”, sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, and croscarmellose sodium, was investigated utilizing directly compressed tablets. Lactose, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and sorbitol, alone or in combination, provided varying degrees of solubility and hygroscopicity to the direct compression tablet formulations. The results indicate that aging did not decrease the effectiveness of the super disintegrants in promoting invitro dissolution. The composite solubility and hygroscopicity of the tablets did not adversely influence the aging characteristics of the super disintegrants. Super disintegrants that complied with the same compendial specifications but were obtained from different sources behaved similarly in promoting tablet dissolution after storage.
Golgi Membrane Dynamics 1h V

The organization and function of the Golgi complex has intrigued cell biologists for many years (Farquhar and Palade, 1998; Mazzarello and Bentaivoglio, 1998). This is due both to the Golgi’s central role in secretory membrane traffic and sorting, and to its unique structure and dynamics. The Golgi complex receives newly synthesized proteins and lipid from the ER, covalently modifies them, and then repackages them for delivery to plasma membrane, lysosomes, or secretory granules. It also recycles membrane components back to the ER for continued use. These diverse functions depend on small membrane-bound transport intermediates that shuttle protein into and out of the Golgi’s stack of flattened cisternae and associated tubules and vesicles. Such transport intermediates regulate protein and membrane flux into and out of the Golgi complex and thereby control the steady-state size and location of this organelle. In so doing, they ensure the proper functioning of the Golgi complex, enabling the cell to tailor its biosynthetic and secretory products for specific cellular needs. The emergence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) technology has enabled proteins to be visualized in the unperturbed environment of the living cell (Chalfie et al., 1994). This allows direct observation of intracellular structures, whose life history and pathways previously have only been deduced. In the movies shown below, membrane proteins fused to GFP were used to visualize the dynamics of the Golgi complex and the transport intermediates that shuttle membrane proteins into and out of this organelle. Included are time-lapse sequences that show the formation, translocation, and fate of Golgi-targeted/ derived transport intermediates. Also shown are movies revealing how the distribution/morphology of the Golgi complex is affected when such processes are perturbed. In addition, results of photobleaching experiments characterizing the lateral mobility of proteins residing within the Golgi complex are presented. These movies demonstrate the dynamic, steady-state nature of the Golgi complex and provide insight into the tubule-vesicular carriers that mediate membrane flow into and out of this organelle.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Pinus ponderosa Charcoal: Implications for Soil Modification

Abstract Charcoal is the result of incomplete combustion of plant material. It is common as residue from wild and prescribed fires in many soil surface horizons, including those of the extensive Ponderosa pine forests in the western United States, but its effects on soil properties are incompletely understood. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the soil-relevant chemical and physical properties of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, P. Lawson and C. Lawson) wood charcoal produced under controlled conditions, (ii) to compare the properties of that charcoal with those of charcoal produced by a prescribed fire and aged in the soil environment for 7 years, and (iii) to determine how charcoal additions to soil affect water-holding capacity and soil color. Laboratory-produced charcoal had a C/N ratio (644) about three times larger than that of the field-collected charcoal (195–261). Low specific surface area values for all samples (1.6–4.5 m2 g−1) were apparently the result of relatively low combustion temperatures. All charcoals were highly water repellent (water drop penetration time >2 h), except samples collected immediately below the litter layer (water drop penetration time <10 sec). Water repellency was eliminated when the laboratory-produced charcoal was leached with various solutions (distilled water, ethanol, pine litter extract, dilute acetic acid) and air-dried. Laboratory-produced and field-collected charcoals had cation exchange capacity values of 19 to 29 cmol kg−11. Addition of finely divided charcoal to the mineral soil material in this study significantly increased the available water-holding capacity and darkened the soil. Charcoal may play an important role in determining the properties, behavior, and classification of some surface soil horizons.
Wave Optical Treatment Of Surface Step Contrast In Low-Energy Electron Microscopy

A wave optical treatment of surface step contrast in a low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) is presented. The aberrations of an idealised LEEM imaging system are directly incorporated into a transfer function (TF) and image simulations of surface steps are evaluated in one and two dimensions. Under the special circumstances of a weak phase object, the simplified form of the contrast transfer function (CTF) is used to discuss LEEM image contrast and optimum defocus conditions.
Associação de aditivos microbianos na ensilagem e o desempenho de vacas em lactação recebendo silagem de cana-de-açúcar comparada a volumosos tradicionais

Microbial additives on ensiling and the performance of lactating cows fed with sugarcane silage compared to traditional roughage sources The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical and microbial additives and the combination over the fermentative dynamics and the aerobic stability in the sugarcane silage as well to study the performance of high producing dairy cows fed with different roughage sources. In the first trial, sugarcane silage was prepared in lab silos of 20L, with a gas relief valve and a device for collecting effluent. The experiment was randomly arranged, in a factorial design, with two openings 80 and 140 days, across 8 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments evaluated were: urea 1%, 1.2-propanediol 1%DM (1.2 p) L. buchneri 5x10 cfu/g (Lb), L. diolivorans in two concentrations 1x10 cfu/g (Ld 10) and 1x10 cfu/g (Ld 10), L. diolivorans 1x10 cfu/g plus L. buchneri 5x10 cfu/g (Ld+Lb) and 1.2propanediol 1%DM plus L. diolivorans 1x 10 cfu/g (1,2 p+Ld 10). After opening the silos, the aerobic stability assay was performed in an environmental controlled room. The treatments containing Ld +1.2 p, or Ld 10 + Lb showed the lowest values of total DM loss, 20.42% and 23.73% respectively. Both treatments also showed the lowest levels of ethanol 2.1% and 3.93% of DM, and gases losses 20.36% and 20.62%. For both NDF and ADF, lower values were detected for the following treatments: urea, 1.2 p + Ld 10, Ld + Lb and Ld10. As for the aerobic stability, there were differences between the openings dates, 48.03h (140 days) and 31.35h (80 days). The microorganism L. diolivorans turn out to be promising alternative able to show positive results on the fermentative losses and nutritive value in sugarcane silage. The second experiment evaluated the performance of cows fed rations with different sources of roughage: fresh sugarcane, sugarcane silage, corn silage and mixture of corn silage and fresh sugarcane (50:50). Forty eight mid lactation Holstein cows were assigned to multiple latin square design 4x4, with 21-d period (14-d adaptation and 7-d the sample collection). As well the animal performance fed and milk compositions were evaluated and also ingestivo behavior of cows and the aerobic stability of forage and rations were analyzed. The performance data has shown differences in the dry matter intake (DMI), with the highest values observed for the sugarcane silage (23.5 kg/day) and the mixture (23.5 kg/day). All rations resulted in high milk production (22.65 kg/day) which did not differ among treatments. The milk composition varied only for the fat percentage, which was higher for the corn silage treatment (3.61%) and the mix (3.48%). Sugarcane silage was exhibited as an interesting forage alternative when compared to fresh sugarcane. Both options may support high milk yields by the adequacy of rations balancing.
Synthesis of carbon quantum dot-surface modified P25 nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol and acid violet 43

A new efficient and stable visible light driven photocatalyst, carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-surface modified P25 nanocomposite, was successfully prepared by chemical adsorption of CQDs onto the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles and then used for water treatment. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV-vis spectrometry. After the modification of titanium dioxide with carbon quantum dots, the UV-vis wavelength response range extended from 390 nm to 420 nm by accelerating the photogenerated electron transfer from carbon quantum dots to titanium dioxide, and the band gap decreased from 3.08 eV to 2.87 eV. In addition, a blue shift of binding energy was observed, namely, 0.6 eV for Ti2p1/2 and 0.7 eV for Ti2p3/2. Furthermore, compared with pure titanium dioxide, after irradiating for 2.5 h, the photodegradation ratio of acid violet 43 and p-nitrophenol have been enhanced from 60% to 93% and from 89% to 96%, respectively. Moreover, after five cycle times, the stability of the photocatalyst has been maintained due to the strong interaction between carbon quantum dots and titanium dioxide.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF EVAPORATOR DRASTIC SCALE REDUCTION IN A PERIODICALLY OPERATING TWO-PHASE THERMOSYPHON

In order to use a Periodically operating Two-Phase Thermosyphons (PTPT) in microelectronic equipment cooling, the possibility of a drastic reduction in the scale of the evaporator is considered. In previous studies a miniature PTPT was realised with an internal volume of 352x10 -6 m 3 and an evaporator volume of 238x10 -6 m 3 . It has shown thermal resistance similar to other unsteady wickless two phase devices as PHPs. The present paper reports an experimental study on the minimum volume of working fluid, which is necessary to obtain a stable operating mode. Our experiments, carried out with FC-72 as working fluid, have shown that the PTPT works in a stable heat transport regime even when the working fluid transported volume is about 3x10 -6 m 3 . The maximum wall temperature stays below 100 °C till a heat flux of 16.2x10 4 W/m 2 is reached. Nevertheless, by keeping the heat flux constant and decreasing the volume of working fluid transported, an increase in total thermal resistance is obtained. This increase rate is, however, small — lower than 25% if the volume of working fluid transported is reduced from 64 to 3x10 -6 m 3 .
Sonochemical Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Zn0.5Fe0. 5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via sonochemical coprecipitation reactions with moderate ultrasound irradiation. The structure and crystalline/particle sizes of the synthesized NPs were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results show that NPs of smaller size and narrower size distribution can be synthesized via coupling of moderate ultrasound irradiation in coprecipitation reactions. In addition, magnetic NPs prepared in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation exhibit improved magnetic properties.
Hydrophobic gold nanostructures via electrochemical deposition for sensitive SERS detection of persistent toxic substances

The persistent toxic substances (PTS), pollutants that have environmental persistence and toxic effects such as carcinogenicity and endocrine disruption, are generally detected by the chromatographic method. In this work, hydrophobic gold nanostructures were fabricated via simple electrochemical deposition and could be used for direct SERS detection of PTS with a portable Raman spectrometer. The obtained hydrophobic substrates free from modification show high affinity towards PTS, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). According to the Cassie equation, the wetting properties of the surface changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic when the contact angle changed from 77° to 123°, increasing the deposition time. The SERS signals collected on sixteen randomly selected points show that the relative standard deviation of the SERS intensity is 9.0%, indicating the substrate had good uniformity. Quantitative SERS detection of PTS was achieved, as the log–log plot of SERS intensity to PTS concentration exhibited a good linear relationship in view of the Freundlich equation. Quantitative analysis of fluoranthene, BDE-15 and PCB-15 was accomplished in the concentration range of 0.02–200 μM, 0.02–200 μM, 0.04–440 μM, with the detection limits of 6.7 nM, 2.6 nM and 5.3 nM, respectively. The effective SERS substrates provide a rapid and sensitive platform for trace level detection of hydrophobic contaminants in the environment.
Cracking and Failure Behavior Models of Defective Balsam Fir Trees

A stress analysis on baisam fir Irees [Abies balsamea (L.) MilK] that had root and butt rot associated with Armillaria mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.), showed that decay was the most significant factor in predicting Cracking and collapse on trees subject to a horizontal force which simulates a static wind force. An engineering model, derived from the theory of structural mechanics, was used to describe the Cracking and failure mechanisms. Model predictions of deflection, Cracking and ultimate failure loads compared favorably with data recorded from field tests on loading living baisam fir trees to collapse. Cracks present in trees prior to loading did not significantly effect the collapse load. Tree collapse is described in the models äs a two step process: 1) radial shear failure Cracking; 2) a redistribution of internal Stresses and collapse due to bending, a combination of compression and tension Stresses. Radial cracks propagated from the base of the tree, where decay was most advanced, into the main stem, The cracks developed outward radially from the edge of the decay column at a shear strength that was significantly lower than the average shear strength of sound baisam fir wood. Radial Cracking caused a redistribution and an increase in Stresses across the cross section of the tree in the vicinity of the Cracking. Tree collapse occured when the bending strength of the tree was exceeded. The collapse load was found to be on the average less than 10 percent greater than cracking load.
Emulsifier‐Free Graphene Dispersions with High Graphene Content for Printed Electronics and Freestanding Graphene Films

A novel and highly versatile synthetic route for the production of functionalized graphene dispersions in water, acetone, and isopropanol (IPA), which exhibit long‐term stability and are easy to scale up, is reported. Both graphene functionalization (wherein the oxygen content can be varied from 4 to 16 wt%) and dispersion are achieved by the thermal reduction of graphite oxide, followed by a high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) process. For the first time, binders, dispersing agents, and reducing agents are not required to produce either dilute or highly concentrated dispersions of single graphene sheets with a graphene content of up to 15 g L−1. High graphene content is essential for the successful printing of graphene dispersions by 3D microextrusion. Free‐standing graphene films and micropatterned graphene materials are successfully prepared using this method. Due to the absence of toxic reducing agents, the graphene exhibits no cytotoxicity and is biocompatible. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of graphene is significantly improved by the absence of binders. Flexible microarrays can be printed on different substrates, producing microarrays that are mechanically stable and can be bent several times without affecting electrical conductivity.
Directed Deposition of Nanoparticles Using Diblock Copolymer Templates

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
Surface point defects and Schottky barrier formation on ZnO(101̄0)

We have created well‐defined concentrations of surface point defects (oxygen vacancies, Vos) on ZnO(1010) surfaces under controlled UHV conditions and have tested their influence on Schottky barrier formation. ZnO(1010) with and without surface defects exhibit almost identical Schottky barrier features, independent of the evaporated metal. Surface work function and band bending variations with metal coverage are qualitatively different for Au vs Al interfaces, regardless of defect concentration. Barrier formation occurs relatively slowly for Au on ZnO, while Al on ZnO induces a pronounced dipole with the first half monolayer.
Use of high temperature X-ray diffractometry to study phase transitions and thermal expansion properties in Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract Phase transitions in Ti-6Al-4V were studied by means of high temperature X-ray diffraction using a resistance heated furnace in high vacuum and Cu Kα radiation. The α and β phases could be observed conveniently using the (10.0), (00.2) and (10.1) peaks of the α structure and the (110) peak of the β. The phase composition of the specimen at selected times and temperatures was determined from spectra recorded in the range 32-45 ° (2θ), the scan time being ~8 min. The technique was successfully used to monitor the kinetics of the α-β transition during heating and the β-α transition during cooling, including the transformation kinetics during isothermal holds. Measurements of the interplanar distance change with temperature for the crystallographic planes of α and β phases enabled derivation of the overall thermal expansion for the alloy using a rule of mixtures.
Piezoelectricity in cellular electret films

Permanently charged films with a cellular or porous structure represent a new family of polymer electrets. These materials show piezoelectric properties with high piezoelectric constants. The electromechanical response equations of such films are derived for their operation as sensors and as actuators. Experimental results are also presented for cellular polypropylene (pp). In particular, measurements of the direct and inverse piezoelectric constants in the frequency range 0 to 10 kHz and of the variation of these constants across the surface of the films are discussed. These measurements, performed by direct application of stress or by the use of a profilometer, an accelerometer and an interferometer yield a frequency-independent piezoelectric d/sub 33/ constant of /spl lsim/ 220 pC/N. Assuming reasonable charge distributions and charge densities, the calculated piezoelectric constants are in good agreement with the measured values. The theoretical model shows the reciprocity of the piezoelectric constants.
Computer simulation of materials processing plasma discharges

Abstract Process modeling is widely used in the design of both integrated circuits themselves and in the design of integrated circuit manufacturing processes. Director1 gives an overview of the roles of process, device, and circuit simulators in the overall design process. Process simulation has been used for many years for more mature processes such as oxidation, diffusion, and ion implantation, and the widely used computer simulation programs for these processes use physically based, first principles models.2,3 Simulation is also widely used to predict the performance of resist development, etching, and film deposition processes.4,5 However, the process simulation models which are currently used to predict the performance of these processes are not first principles models. The current generation of plasma etching and deposition models is based on heuristic rules which describe the propagation of a moving boundary rather than on the solution of the fundamental equations which describe the underlying, phy.