Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithmique I - Cours et Travaux Diriges L3, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon

Préface Les traditions changent et le cours d'algo n'est plus toujours le mercredì a la même heure, les enseignants rajeunissent, et le poly se débogue grâce aux gentilsétudiants, TD-men et enseignants. Donc voici la nouvelle version du poly remisà neuf, toujours pour satisfaire votre envie de savoir. Bien sûr il reste sans nul doute de nombreuses erreurs glissées dans ces pages, merci de me faire part de vos trouvailles par courrierélectroniquè a Anne.Benoit@ens-lyon.fr. Ce polycopié rassemble les cours et travaux dirigés (avec corrigés) du module Algorithmique de l'ENS Lyon. A l'origine prévu pour lapremì ere année du Magistère d'Informatique, le module s'intègre désormais dans latroisì eme année de la Licence d'Informatique. Et dire que personne ne s'est rendu compte du changement ! Cela faità peine dix ans que j'enseigne ce cours. A défaut de changer le contenu (pour faire quoi d'autre ? ) ou d'utiliser autre chose que le tableau et la craie (idem ? ), je change les irrésistibles traits d'humour qui font tout le charme de ces séances du Mercredi (l'horaire ne change pas non plus). Et j'use toute une batterie de TD-men and women, lesquels ont apporté leur contribution au fil des ans, construisant ou améliorant des séances de travaux dirigés. Sans aucune pression ou presque, Yves Caniou et Eric Thierry ont réussì a se motiver pour rassembler les TD. L'année précédente, j'avais rassemblé les cours. Enfin, quand on dit rassembler, c'est surtout les gentilsétudiants-scribes qui rassemblent, en tapotant de leurs doigts agiles la quintessence de notre enseignement inégalable. Ce polycopié est le concurrent le plus sérieux du Cormen dans le monde, ou du moins dans leseptì eme arrondissement de Lyon ! Mais renonçantà de fabuleux droits d'auteur, l'´ equipe pédagogique (c'est nous) a décidé de mettre cet ouvragè a la libre disposition des nombreuxétudiants assoiffés de savoir (c'est vous). Enjoy ! Et merci de signaler erreurs et omissions par courrierélectroniquè a Yves.Robert@ens-lyon.fr. The art of Computer Programming , les trois tomes de Knuth [6], et bientôt quatre, pour leurs exercices incroyables Sinon, j'aime bien : – Types de Données et Algorithmes, le livre de Froidevaux, Gaudel et Soria [4], pour l'analyse fine desprobì emes de tri – le NP-compendium, maintenu sur le Web (http://www.nada.kth.se/ ~ viggo/problemlist/ compendium.html), pour les résultats d'approximation. Le livre qui correspond, Complexity and Approximation, de Ausiello et al. [1] est vraiment très complet, avec une bonne introduction aux schémas d'approximation. – Algorithms and Complexity, …
System design approach for RFSQ multiuser detector

The extraordinary speed of RSFQ circuits is attractive for the implementation of a successive interference canceller, which is one of the most effective types of multiuser detector. We present system design analysis, optimizing the bit error rate performance and targeting a doubling of the uplink capacity. A complete model is considered: a long-code asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) system with frequency-selective fading paths, 100 voice equivalent channels per sector and 10 resolvable multipath components. Assuming uniform quantization of input signals, we have shown that the realistic case of heavily loaded systems would require up to ten iterations to achieve reliable detection.
Bi-level optimisation using genetic algorithm

In most real-life problems such as rolling system, design decision-making can be hierarchical and the search space is unknown. Bi-level optimisation problem (BLP) is an operation research technique for solving real life hierarchical decision-making problems. There are a number of different algorithms developed based on classical optimisation methods to solve different classes of the BLP problems where the search space is known. There also exist a number of problems in the BLP which current algorithms are not sufficiently robust to solve. In this paper, a bi-level genetic algorithm (BiGA) is proposed to solve different classes of the BLP problems within a single framework. BiGA is an elitist optimisation algorithm developed to encourage limited asymmetric cooperation between the two players. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated using test functions. The results suggest that BiGA algorithm is robust to solve different classes of the BLP problems and demonstrates potential for real life problems.
Two-stage CMA blind multiuser detection for DS-CDMA systems in multipath fading

We consider the problem of mitigating intersymbol interference (ISI) due to multipath fading as well as multiple-access interference (MAI) in direct sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. The proposed multiuser receiver is based on the constant-modulus algorithm (CMA), which is known to provide satisfactory performance in a blind setting. In order to overcome the CMA interference capture problem typical of a multiuser scenario, we propose to adopt a two-stage receiver: in the first stage, partial MAI suppression is achieved by exploiting the desired user signature structure properties; in the second stage, based on CMA, the residual MAI and the ISI are removed, and the desired symbols are reliably recovered. Computer simulations show that, in a severe multipath environment, the proposed blind approach achieves a significant performance gain in comparison with existing blind methods.
Effect of maternal line and parity number on the composition of colostrum and milk of breeding sows

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal line (80 pure Yorkshire sows and ½ Landrace × ½ Yorkshire crossbred sows) and parity number (rst, second, third and fourth or more) on the composition of colostrum and milk of breeding sows in a commercial farm of Venezuela. Sows received the same feeding management during lactation. Colostrum and milk samples were collected from each mammary gland of sows at 6 hours (h) after farrowing and at 10 days (d) of lactation, respectively. Contents of crude protein, fat, ash, total solids, non-fat solids (NFS) lactose and humidity were determined.
Key Distribution in Mobile Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

Key predistribution is a popular technique for key distribution in sensor networks. The existing predistribution schemes are designed for nodes with no or limited mobility. The existing schemes make use of only one key pool to establish links between the stationary and the mobile nodes. This restricts the mobility of nodes to one specific network. If the same key pool is used in multiple networks, the compromise of keys in one network would lead to compromise of keys in all the networks. We present two different solutions to this problem. The first approach uses a separate disjoint key pool to establish links between the stationary and mobile nodes of the network. In the second approach we take a large key pool and segment it into smaller key pools. Each of these segments acts as the key pool for different stationary sensor networks. The mobile nodes get keys from the aggregate of all these segments. The aggregate key pool can have some segments which can be used for future deployments. We compare the two schemes and analyze their performance. It is assumed that the stationary nodes of the sensor networks are securely connected.
Using objects evolution for software processes representation

The authors suggest an object orientation for behavioral modeling software processes, in which the objects used for the elaboration of the software product can also allow effective representation of software processes. They suggest representing the software process through a multiform object encapsulating the various data items generated by this process. To allow an accurate analysis of actual experiments, the semantic operations performed on the objects and their interrelationships should be recorded. Thus, this scheme provides helpful material for the validation and verification of the processes involved. Effective reuse of software items and subprocesses is also facilitated. <<ETX>>
1636-P: Incidence and Predictors of Diabetes and Prediabetes among South Asians in the United States: The MASALA Study

South Asians are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There is a paucity of data on prediabetes and T2DM incidence and related predictors in U.S. South Asians. We estimated prediabetes and T2DM incidence after five years of follow-up in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (n=758) and examined the associated correlates. We defined T2DM and prediabetes using the ADA criteria. Prediabetes included isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIGT), and combined IFG+IGT. Overall, 482 (64%) individuals progressed, either from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to prediabetes/T2DM, or from prediabetes to T2DM (Table 1). In standardized logistic regression models controlled for age and sex, only hepatic fat attenuation (OR: 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.87), visceral fat mass area (OR: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.71), and hypertension (OR: 2.28 (95% CI: 1.49, 3.49) were associated with any glycemic progression. Hepatic fat attenuation was associated with progression from prediabetes to T2DM (OR: 0.56 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.82), and visceral fat mass area was associated with progression from NGT to prediabetes/T2DM (OR: 1.72 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.41). South Asians in the U.S. have a high incidence of dysglycemia. Hepatic fat attenuation may be a factor in the conversion from prediabetes to T2DM, and prevention efforts should target ectopic fat reduction. Disclosure U. Gujral: None. K. Narayan: None. N.R. Kandula: None. K. Liu: None. A.M. Kanaya: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01HL093009, K24HL112827, UL1RR024131)
Voice packet communication system for private networks

The authors describe the design methodologies and system configuration for a voice packet communication system (voice PAD) which is installed on a high-speed packet switching system for multimedia communications. The voice PAD is experimentally fabricated for voice communications in the packet multiplexing mode between PABXs via digital leased lines. Speech quality during network overload is protected from serious degradation by embedded ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse code modulation) speech coding and by most-significant bits (MSB) and least-significant bits (LSB) packet interleaving. This interleaving reduces the processing load on the switching system processors required to drop LSB speech sample packets following traffic congestion. The techniques presented are based on a fixed-length packet format and are well suited to asynchronous transfer mode environments. <<ETX>>
Secure on Demand IP based Connection (SEDIC) for Virtual Private Networks(VPNs)

Diverse security measures are used to improve security entropy including the introduction of secure port services, better tunneling protocols and complex encryptions cryptography. Most of these do not address the fundamental of the security risk which is to avoid newly discovered exploits and protect credential from man-in-the-middle attack. In this study, experiments involving three types of existing environment, which include insecure connection as a basis, working against pre-shared key and public-key infrastructure (PKI), are being modeled. A new framework named SeDIC has been introduced to overcome the limitations and address the current security weaknesses. In this new implementation, forward secrecy is maintained since the key for authentication is only valid once and this will deny replay attack. This study proves that secure internet application is possible and the user can have the freedom to use the lowest cryptographic entropy to perform their on-line transactions. Having complex mathematical algorithms such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for tunneling, or even multilayer authentication system alone will not address the potential risk, besides prolonging the time for intruder in gaining unauthorized access.
An Embedded Encryption Protocol for Healthcare Networks Security

Data availability service is now ubiquitously practical from the high-end systems such as routers, gateways, firewalls, and web servers to the low-end systems such as smart phone, tablet, etc…with the emerging growth of the embedded systems, there is parallel rapid increase in the amount of information flowing across intranets and the Internet. Hence, security has become an essential part of today’s computing world. This promise of universal connectivity for embedded systems creates increased possibilities for malicious users to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. This paper presents a framework for HNS in which an embedded encryption protocol scheme enables negotiation between entities to specify authorization requirements that must be met before accessing the network and data.
Multiuser sonar properties for Costas array frequency hop coded signals

The cross-ambiguity properties of Costas-array frequency-hop coded signals for use in wideband multiuser sonar systems are established. In order to prevent system crosstalk, cross-ambiguity function for the signals should be minimized. The conditions under which Costas arrays achieve the minimum value of their cross-ambiguity functions are provided. The upper bound on the maximum number of hits in the cross-ambiguity function for Welch-Costas arrays is given, and it is shown that the maximum number of hits depends on the form of the prime over which the arrays are constructed. <<ETX>>
The SOFTNET project: a retrospect

An experimental multihop packet radio network, SOFTNET, is described. The concept of soft protocols for experimental packet-switched networks is introduced. Using this scheme, network nodes can be easily reprogrammed to provide new user services without interrupting normal operation. The SOFTNET network programming language is described. The hardware and software implementation of the network is outlined. <<ETX>>
Usage, structure, and substance in the English ditransitive construction

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Food Safety Practice and Its Associated Factors among Mothers in Debarq Town, Northwest Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background Food safety practice is an important Public Health issue to prevent or control food-borne illnesses. Evidence shows that 10 to 20% of food-borne diseases outbreaks are because of contamination by food handlers in restaurants, butcher shops, markets, etc. However, the food safety practice and associated factors among mothers who are the food handlers at their homes are not well studied and understood. This study aimed to assess food safety practice and associated factors among mothers in Debarq town. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted during March and April, 2018. Four hundred and twenty-three study participants were included using simple random sampling techniques. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with food safety practice based on AOR with 95% CI and p < 0.05. Results About 210 (49.6%) of study participants had good food safety practice. Food safety practice of mothers was significantly associated with their educational status; secondary educational status adjusted odds ratio, AOR 3.09, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54, 6.20; College and University education AOR 2.95, 95% CI: 1.22, 7.12; food safety knowledge AOR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.40; and attitude towards food safety AOR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.94. Conclusion Half of the study subjects had a good level of self-reported food safety practice and the other half had a poor level. Educational status, food safety knowledge, and attitude towards food safety were the identified factors associated with food safety practice. Improving the knowledge and educational status of the mothers is important to enhance their food safety practices.
Student misconceptions about force and acceleration in physics and engineering mechanics education

Conceptual misunderstanding, also known as misconception, is common among many learners, especially novice learners,and often results in learners’ poor academic performance in many disciplines. The present study focuses on twofundamental and critical concepts in physics and engineering mechanics education: force and acceleration. The presentstudy pieces together scattered literature information on student misconceptions about force and acceleration, anddevelops a comprehensive list of all possible categories (or types, or ‘‘symptoms’’) of student misconceptions: 38misconceptions (in two categories with nine sub-categories) about force and 15 misconceptions (in three categories)about acceleration. The most commonly reported misconception about force is ‘‘motion implies force’’ for both K-12(kindergarten to grade 12) and college students. The most commonly reported misconception about acceleration is‘‘acceleration is always in the direction of motion. ’’ The present study further examines the reasons reported in the existingliterature for why students have various misconceptions about force and acceleration. These reasons are grouped into fourcategories: (1) preconceived misunderstanding; (2) incomplete or partial understanding; (3) wrong interpretations andcomprehensions; and (4) vernacular misunderstanding. Methods of how to correct student misconceptions are alsosuggested and discussed in this paper.
Análisis socioeconómico del consumo excesivo de alcohol en Ecuador

Introducción: el consumo excesivo de alcohol constituye un serio problema de salud pública en Ecuador y se posiciona como una de las principales causas de muerte en el país. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar si el nivel socioeconómico condiciona la probabilidad de que una persona se convierta en consumidor excesivo de alcohol. Materiales y métodos: se usa como fuente de información la Encuesta Ecuatoriana de Condiciones de Vida 2014. El método de estimación es un modelo logístico para determinar el efecto marginal que tiene el nivel socioeconómico en la probabilidad de que un individuo sea catalogado como consumidor excesivo de alcohol; el nivel socioeconómico se aproxima con el nivel de pobreza, situación laboral e instrucción. Resultados: se demuestra que las personas que se encuentran en una situación de pobreza, no culminaron sus estudios secundarios o superiores y están desempleados tienen, en promedio, una mayor probabilidad de caer en el consumo excesivo de alcohol; es decir, los hallazgos confirman que los factores que determinan un bajo nivel socioeconómico vulneran a los individuos a ser consumidores excesivos de alcohol. Además del factor económico, un individuo es más propenso consumir alcohol en exceso cuando es hombre, soltero, mayor de 65 años y habita en la zona urbana. Conclusión: el diseño de política para atender el consumo excesivo de alcohol como un problema de salud pública debe plantearse como ejes de atención aquellos determinantes fundamentales para tener una atención efectiva y que está estrechamente vinculada con los niveles socioeconómicos bajos.
A Versatile Clock Recovery Architecture and Monolithic Implementation

A family of monolithic phase-locked loops recover clock and retime NRZ data. At 155 MHz, random plus pattern jitter with a 27 code is 1.8 degrees rms, and static phase error is 4 degrees. Devices fabricated on both junction-isolated and dielectric-isolated bipolar processes are described. Measurement techniques to verify compliance with international telecommunication standards are also described.
Similarities and Differences in Critical Success Factors across Context and Time: An Examination in the Setting of Shared Services

The principal objective of the current paper is to examine to what degree critical success factors (CSFs) are context and time dependent. The identification of CSFs is an established approach for providing guidance in business and information system (IS) related domains. There is considerable debate though as to whether CSFs are universal or not. Potential variations can occur within a context, between contexts or between different points in the lifecycle of an initiative. If CSFs are similar across contexts and time, organizations will be able to follow in the footsteps of others increasing their likelihood of success. A previously developed CSF framework is enhanced to include a time dimension. It is then used as a lens for a number of comparisons – between CSFs identified in the literature in different IS domains, between CSFs identified in two case studies of shared services at different stages in their lifecycle and between the literature and the case study CSFs. A mix of similar and different factors are found and potential reasons for this are suggested. It is concluded that while the experiences of others can provide some guidance, organizations need to be mindful of the influence of their own context and stage in the implementation lifecycle.
Influence of asymmetrical stator axes on the electromagnetic field and driving characteristics of canned induction motor

Canned induction motors (CIMs) are particularly important for high vacuum application due to its low cost, simple design, and mechanically robust. Herein, this study reveals a mechanism of asymmetrical stator axes (ASAs) for CIMs and proposes six coefficients to describe ASA for CIMs under asymmetrical stator phase's windings. Using winding theorem, this study derived the electromagnetic field and driving characteristics in the healthy condition and ASA conditions for a 1.9 kW CIM, and analysed further using mathematical formulas and finite-element models. Both simulation and experimental results show good agreement, and significant variation was found in total harmonic distortion, the amplitude of air-gap flux density, and driving characteristics of CIMs. Further, investigation of back-electromotive force and stator current showed their efficacy as a diagnosis signature to detect the fault of ASA in CIMs. The obtained conclusions can serve as a valuable reference to design a high-performing CIMs control system.