Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cellular Microenvironment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors function much like organs with support from multiple cell lineages. Tobacco and alcohol abuse are strongly correlated with the disease. Environmental carcinogen exposure introduces genetic alterations not only in the epithelial cells but also in the surrounding stroma contributing to tumor initiation and progression [1]. Factors and cells that do not support tumor growth are commonly downregulated or mitigated in the tumor microenvironment. Several classes of stromal cells that exist in close proximity with HNSCC tumors have been identified. These include fibroblasts, immune cells and cells involved in vascular growth. Each of these cell types are involved in molecular cross-talk with the tumor resulting in tumor progression (Figure 1). Here we highlight each of the major cell types present in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment. Well characterized molecular markers have been used to identify the specific stromal cellular components (Table 1). There continues to be a tremendous need for improved understanding of the role of each of these cell types in tumor growth, dissemination and resistance to therapies. Tumor-associated stroma can support tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion making them potential therapeutic targets. Since de novo acquisition of genetic mutations is not common in stromal cells they may be less prone to developing resistance to therapy via genomic instability. The synergistic relationship between stroma and tumor cells suggests that stroma targeted intervention may have a synergistic role in primary cancer therapy. However, fibrosis that follows surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy may trigger the release of stromal factors that support recurrence and metastasis. Thus stroma targeted therapies may emerge as important in adjuvant setting.
Sebaceous Carcinoma of Eyelid: A Report of Two Cases with Review of Literatur

Background: Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is rare. The diagnosis might be difficult because of its ability to masquerade as other periocular lesions. Prognosis is still regarded as being poor compared with most other malignant eyelid tumors with a mortality second only to malignant melanoma. The present reported cases analyses clinical and histopathological findings. Case Reports: Two case reports were presented here. One presented as primary complaint of progressive painless mass in left lower eyelid in a 75 year female and another case in young 30 year old with history of recurrence, operated previously for the same complaint with unavailable previous report. Both cases on histopathology reported as sebaceous gland carcinoma. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and consequent surgical therapy of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid leads to a better outcome and higher survival rates than generally assumed. Even local recurrences can be treated successfully. However, sebaceous carcinoma remains a threatening disease, which leads to death in 9% and to mutilating exenteration in 23% published in an English literature.
Biomarkers of Heart Failure in Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

There are many reviews that discuss the role of biomarkers in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure (Braunwald, 2008; Chen et al., 2010; Hochholzer et al., 2010), but little information exists regarding the presence and usefulness of biomarkers for heart failure in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. Heart failure (HF) is the end consequence of many CVDs including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis and DCM. CVD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western nations (Roger et al., 2011), and a growing concern worldwide (Gaddam et al., 2011). As treatments for CVD prolong survival, the prevalence of chronic HF has increased. It is now estimated that 5.8 million people in the United States live with HF and over 23 million worldwide (Bui et al., 2011). Approximately 550,000 new cases of HF are diagnosed each year, with a lifetime risk for developing disease of one in five (Chen et al., 2010; Krumholz et al., 1997). Hospitalizations for HF have also increased dramatically in the United States from 402,000 in 1979 to 2.4 million in 2007 with the cost of treating HF patients estimated at $39 billion annually (Bui et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2010; Roger et al., 2011). Biomarkers have become an increasingly important clinical tool for assessing CVD and progression to HF. Biomarkers are used in early detection of sub-clinical disease, diagnosis, risk stratification, monitoring disease state, and to determine therapies (Hochholzer et al., 2010). Many biomarkers are also risk factors directly involved in the pathogenesis of disease.
Detection in passive MIMO radar networks

This paper considers detection in passive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar sensor networks. Multiple centralized and decentralized detection architectures are surveyed and compared via Monte Carlo simulation. A recently proposed generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector, termed the reference-surveillance GLRT, is shown to have superior detection performance because it maximally exploits the correlations in the measured data. Specifically, it exploits inter-receiver reference-surveillance correlations and inter-receiver surveillance-surveillance correlations, two concepts that are explained in this paper. In this way, the reference-surveillance GLRT achieves better sensitivity under all direct-path-to-noise ratio conditions than more conventional matched filter-inspired detection approaches, which exploit only some of the correlations within the measured data.
Injerto óseo onlay utilizándose como zona donante hueso del mentón. Presentación de un caso

Introduccion: se realiza una revision bibliografica sobre injertos oseos, asi como sus zonas donantes de hueso y de sus posibles complicaciones. Objetivo: se presenta el caso de un paciente estudiado en Consulta Multidisciplinaria de Implantologia Dental, al cual se le realizo injerto oseo onlay previo a la realizacion del implante dental y su rehabilitacion protesica. Discusion: existen casos en que la falta de hueso en sentido antero–posterior dificulta la implantologia dental. En estos casos se debe realizar un injerto oseo previo a la implantologia dental y en este caso se utilizo el menton como zona donante de hueso para el injerto oseo. Se ilustra el trabajo con imagenes del acto quirurgico
The anatomy of Turinia pagei (Powrie), and the phylogenetic status of the Thelodonti

ABSTRACT Little is known regarding the internal anatomy of thelodonts, with most of the available information coming from a single specimen, the holotype of Turinia pagei (Powrie). Previous descriptions have led to many partial, or conflicting interpretations. Herein, we describe fully the anatomy of T. pagei based on the holotype and additional material. T. pagei possessed a branchial system composed of eight pairs of gills, a buccal/nasohypophyseal region lined with minute denticles, comparable to buccopharyngeal denticles of sharks, and possessed a stomach which is preserved by sediment infill in the holotype specimen. Contrast between the petrological character of the gut infill and the sediment in which the animal is preserved suggests that the gut was infilled in vivo and that T. pagei was probably a deposit feeder. Phylogenetic analysis resolves T. pagei and the Galeaspida as sister-taxa, comprising a sister-group to the Osteostraci plus jawed vertebrates. In contrast to the view that has prevailed hitherto, thelodonts with a dorsoventrally compressed cross-sectional profile comprise a monophyletic group, of which T. pagei is the least derived member. The furcacaudiforms are resolved as an unnatural group, one taxon being the sister taxon to the ‘conventional’ thelodont clade, and the other, the sister taxon to this clade plus galeaspids, osteostracans and jawed vertebrates. The analysis agrees with the earlier view that thelodonts lack distinct synapomorphies, but we argue that distinct synapomorphies are not a requisite of monophyly.
Investigation of the Correlation Between Pelvic Anthropometric Measurements and Penile Length of 250 Turkish Boys Aged 0-5 Years

Results: Overall mean height of the children was 55.82±3.22 cm, mean weight was 4729.08±54.23 g, mean interspinous distance was 12.757±1.21 cm, mean PBH was 2.56±0.46 cm, and mean SPL was 2.69±0.57 cm. Relationship between SPL and age, weight, height, and interspinous distance was statistically significant (r=0.240, p=0.001; r=0.242, p=0.001; r=0.204, p=0.006; r=0.224, p=0.002, respectively). Relationship between SPL and PBH was not statistically significant (r=0.97, p=0.191).
Correcting for peculiar velocities of Type Ia supernovae in clusters of galaxies

Context. Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are widely used to measure the expansion of the Universe. To perform such measurements the luminosity and cosmological redshift (z) of the SNe Ia have to be determined. The uncertainty on z includes an unknown peculiar velocity, which can be very large for SNe Ia in the virialized cores of massive clusters. Aims. We determine which SNe Ia exploded in galaxy clusters using 145 SNe Ia from the Nearby Supernova Factory. We then study how the correction for peculiar velocities of host galaxies inside the clusters improves the Hubble residuals. Methods. We found 11 candidates for membership in clusters. We applied the biweight technique to estimate the redshift of a cluster. Then, we used the galaxy cluster redshift instead of the host galaxy redshift to construct the Hubble diagram. Results. For SNe Ia inside galaxy clusters, the dispersion around the Hubble diagram when peculiar velocities are taken into account is smaller compared with a case without peculiar velocity correction, which has a wRMS = 0.130 ± 0.038 mag instead of wRMS = 0.137 ± 0.036 mag. The significance of this improvement is 3. 58σ. If we remove the very nearby Virgo cluster member SN2006X (z < 0.01) from the analysis, the significance decreases to 1. 34σ. The peculiar velocity correction is found to be highest for the SNe Ia hosted by blue spiral galaxies. Those SNe Ia have high local specific star formation rates and smaller stellar masses, which is seemingly counter to what might be expected given the heavy concentration of old, massive elliptical galaxies in clusters. Conclusions. As expected, the Hubble residuals of SNe Ia associated with massive galaxy clusters improve when the cluster redshift is taken as the cosmological redshift of the supernova. This fact has to be taken into account in future cosmological analyses in order to achieve higher accuracy for cosmological redshift measurements. We provide an approach to do so.
TESTING DISK-LOCKING IN NGC 2264

We test analytic predictions from different models of magnetospheric accretion, which invoke disk-locking, using stellar and accretion parameters derived from models of low-resolution optical spectra of 36 T Tauri stars (TTSs) in NGC 2264 (age ∼3 Myr). Little evidence is found for models that assume purely dipolar field geometries; however, strong support is found in the data for a modified version of the X-wind model which allows for non-dipolar field geometries. The trapped flux concept in the X-wind model is key to making the analytic predictions which appear supported in the data. By extension, our analysis provides support for the outflows predicted by the X-wind as these also originate in the trapped flux region. In addition, we find no support in the data for accretion-powered stellar winds from young stars. By comparing the analysis presented here of NGC 2264 with a similar analysis of stars in Taurus (age ∼1–2 Myr), we find evidence that the equilibrium interaction between the magnetic field and accretion disk in TTS systems evolves as the stars grow older, perhaps as the result of evolution of the stellar magnetic field geometry. We compare the accretion rates we derive with accretion rates based on U-band excess, finding good agreement. In addition, we use our accretion parameters to determine the relationship between accretion and Hβ luminosity, again finding good agreement with previously published results; however, we also find that care must be taken when applying this relationship due to strong chromospheric emission in young stars, which can lead to erroneous results in some cases.
The Food and Feeding Habits of the Common Bay Anchovy, Anchoa Mitchilli (Valenciennes)

The food and feeding habits of Anchoa mitchilli studied at three stations in the Biloxi Bay area, Miss~stppi. Studies on the behavioural aspects offeeding were designed to include a 24-hour observation of a feeding rhythm. Results of the study indicated that the bay anchovy in this area Jed mainly during early morning with a second, minor peak, just before midnight. The anchovy appeared to be dependent on both plankton and benthic organisms for food. Crustaceans were the main food items consumed, with calanoid copepods being the most prominent, numerically. Cannibalzstic behaviour was identified, and this coincided with periods of low abundance of other food items. Different feeding methods were employed by the fish for various feeding situations. Small plankton were filtered through the water column, while larger organzsms were picked individually. When the situation demands, the anchovy will also prey actively on its food.
Three-dimensional recording and structuring of chalcogenide glasses by femtosecond pulses

We report on three-dimensional (3D) holographic recording in As2S3 glass using 800 nm wavelength, 150 fs duration pulses. Diffractive beam splitter was used to generate 2 - 5 beams which were then focused for recording by objective lens of numerical aperture NA = 0.75. The recorded 3D hologram was read out by diffraction of 632 nm HeNe laser beam confirming the expected pattern of holograms. The mechanism of photo-darkening and optical damaging of As2S3 glass and dielectrics in general is discussed. Two-photon absorption cross-section, σ2 = 74.6 x 10-50 cm4/s, was determined by transmission for pulses of 150 fs and 800 nm wavelength. Also, it is demonstrated that the optical damage threshold scales as the bandgap energy for the fluorides. Nano-/micro-structuring of As2S3 glass by ablation in air will be also demonstrated. High fluence (> 5 J/cm2) irradiation of the 800 nm wavelength, 150 fs duration pulses was used to ablate As2S3 glass. Self-organized growth of the fibers, rods, and microsphere-type structures was observed. Composition of the nano-/micro-structured material was close to that of the source As2S3 glass (with up to 20% surplus of sulphur in nano-rods). Straight rods as thin as 20 nm in diameter and over 1 μm-long were obtained. Application potential of nano-/micro-structured As2S3 glass is discussed.
Vulnerability to Poverty in Italy

The article empirically analyses the phenomenon of vulnerability to poverty – meant as an individual’s likelihood of becoming poor in the future. On the basis of studies conducted by the Italian Institute of Statistics on the consumption of Italian households in the years 1985-2001 and whose data have been rearranged in a pseudo-panel form, the article estimates the incidence of vulnerability to poverty at national and regional level. We find that potential poverty concerns an unexpectedly high percentage of the population – even as much as 50% in some years. Regional differences are broad, persistent and on the rise: moving from north to south, the risk of becoming poor in the future triples. Vulnerability analysis turns out to be a useful tool which should complement the traditional analysis of poverty.
Warming effect on nitrogen fixation in Mediterranean macrophyte sediments

Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea is warming faster than the global ocean, with important consequences for organisms and biogeochemical cycles. Warming is a major stressor for key marine benthic macrophytes. However, the effect of warming on marine N2 fixation remains unknown, despite the fact that the high productivity of macrophytes in oligotrophic waters is partially sustained by the input of new nitrogen (N) into the system by N2 fixation. Here, we assess the impact of warming on the N2 fixation rates of three key marine macrophytes: Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, and Caulerpa prolifera. We experimentally measured N2 fixation rates in vegetated and bare sediments at temperatures encompassing current summer mean (25 and 27 ∘C), projected summer mean (29 and 31 ∘C), and projected summer maximum (33 ∘C) seawater surface temperatures (SSTs) by the end of the century under a scenario of moderate greenhouse gas emissions. We found that N2 fixation rates in vegetated sediments were 2.8-fold higher than in bare sediments at current summer mean SST, with no differences among macrophytes. Currently, the contribution of N2 fixation to macrophyte productivity could account for up to 7 %, 13.8 %, and 1.8 % of N requirements for P. oceanica, C. nodosa, and C. prolifera, respectively. We show the temperature dependence of sediment N2 fixation rates. However, the thermal response differed for vegetated sediments, in which rates showed an optimum at 31 ∘C followed by a sharp decrease at 33 ∘C, and bare sediments, in which rates increased along the range of the experimental temperatures. The activation energy and Q10 were lower in vegetated than bare sediments, indicating the lower thermal sensitivity of vegetated sediments. The projected warming is expected to increase the contribution of N2 fixation to Mediterranean macrophyte productivity. Therefore, the thermal dependence of N2 fixation might have important consequences for primary production in coastal ecosystems in the context of warming.
Does Central Bank Transparency Matter for Economic Stability

This paper studies the impact of monetary policy transparency on economic stability, when economic agents are boundedly rational. I first consider a simple class of microfunded general equilibrium models with nominal rigidities and learning. Under a transparent monetary regime, market participants have information about how monetary policy is conducted and use it when forming their forecasts. The paper shows that under plausible assumptions about the model environment, a transparent implementation of simple policy rules improves stability under learning dynamics. It is also shown that, independently of the degree of central bank transparency, the Taylor Principle is generally not sui¬ƒcient to guarantee robustness of the rational expectations equilibrium to expectational mistakes by the central bank or the private sector. The paper also attempts an evaluation of the benefits of transparency using a calibrated model of US data
INVESTIGATING AMBIENT AUDITORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS Eoin Brazil

This paper discusses an exploration using a concurrent auditory displays for awareness and lightweight interactions. The design of this type of system and comparisons to existing awareness tools are discussed. The auditory display system in this exploration was designed to explore, using concurrent auditory icons, the issue of group awareness. The sounds used in this auditory display where selected based on their identification derived from individual’s personal constructs using the Repertory Grid Technique. The system was designed to create a ‘soundscape’ of concurrent ecological sounds mapped to the individual’s availability and to the group activities, respectively. In this paper we present an auditory display using auditory icons to create an interactive soundscape that support opportunistic interactions and awareness. Presence and activity are conveyed by changes in the soundscape. Our goal in this work is to explore the potential of this type of system for supporting awareness and lightweight interactions. [
Local anaesthesia in cataract surgery

There has been a significant evolution in surgical technique of cataract extraction. The technical advances in phaco machines, phacotips, and availability of ophthalmic viscoelastic devices have played a great role in cataract surgery to be faster and more controlled now than before. Similarly, local anesthesia techniques in cataract surgery have also advanced significantly from retrobulbar, peribulbar, sub-Tenon’s, to topical anaesthesia. Even though, the sub-Tenon’s anesthesia technique reduced the risk of complications of peribulbar/retrobulbar anesthesia but the technique is still associated with a possibility of damage to optic nerve, retrobulbar hemorrhage, and ocular muscle injury. Topical anesthesia is used to block the afferent nerves of the cornea and the conjunctiva (long and short ciliary nerves, nasociliary nerves). This technique eliminates the possible complications of injectable anesthesia. However, it does not eliminate pain sensitivity of the iris, the zonule, and the ciliary body which is achieved by intracameral technique of anesthesia with preservative free 1% lidocaine. In a constantly evolving arena, the sub-Tenon’s block has gained popularity while the deep angulated intraconal (retrobulbar) block has been largely superseded by the shallower extraconal (peribulbar) approach. Hyaluronidase is a useful adjuvant because it promotes local anesthetic diffusion and hastens block onset time but there is a possibility of getting an allergic reaction. Ultrasound-guided eye blocks afford real-time visualization of needle position and local anesthetic spread. An advantage of sonic guidance is that it may eliminate the hazard of globe perforation by identifying abnormal anatomy, such as staphyloma.
Block Matching Algorithms for Load tests Evaluation

The traditional methodology used for displacement measurements in civil engineering load tests requires a considerable amount of equipment and a very complex installation procedure. In this paper, the authors used real images taken during a load test in order to measure by image processing techniques the displacement observed on the beam under stress. The main advantage of digital image processing is the calculation of the whole displacement field without physical contact, using a simple low cost camera. This way, a complete displacement map is obtained resulting on a more complete and more accurate analysis than on the traditional approach where only a few displacement points are measured. Two photo sequences were taken during the load tests on a concrete beam and on a Plexiglass bar. The images were subjected to three different algorithms: simple and efficient search (SES), adaptive rood pattern search (ARPS) and the rood pattern particle swarm optimization (RP-PSO). The data obtained from these algorithms was compared with the data from LVDT sensors. As we show, the image processing measurements have an accuracy at least equivalent to the LVDT sensors but with much less equipment and setup requirements.