Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximodistal Exploration in Motor Learning as an Emergent Property of Optimization

To harness the complexity of their high-dimensional bodies during sensorimotor development, infants are guided by patterns of freezing and freeing of degrees of freedom. For instance, when learning to reach, infants free the degrees of freedom in their arm proximodistally, that is, from joints that are closer to the body to those that are more distant. Here, we formulate and study computationally the hypothesis that such patterns can emerge spontaneously as the result of a family of stochastic optimization processes, without an innate encoding of a maturational schedule. In particular, we present simulated experiments with an arm where a computational learner progressively acquires reaching skills through adaptive exploration, and we show that a proximodistal organization appears spontaneously, which we denote PDFF (Proximo Distal Freezing and Freeing of degrees of freedom). We also compare this emergent organization between different arm morphologies-from human-like to quite unnatural ones-to study the effect of different kinematic structures on the emergence of PDFF.
A General Software Architecture for Information Systems

A general software architecture for large and medium size information systems is presented. The architecture is a multi-level client-server architecture, where all dependencies on hardware and software platform are encapsulated into modules. The architecture provides a skeleton around which to grow an information system and is independent of the actual data model, functionality and user interface of the system. It supports division of labour during development, and it supports maintenance and portability of the resulting system. In all these respects, the architecture is superiar to the architecture obtained when using fourth generation languages. The architecture has been successfully used in several large projects during the last 6 years and practical experience shows that it provides a reusable starting point for future development projects.
In vitro autoradiographic localization of (125)i-secretin receptor binding sites in rat brain.

Although the existence of the receptor for secretin in the brain was suggested, the localization of secretin receptor and the neuronal function of secretin have not been clarified yet. In the present study, the localization of secretin receptor was investigated in the rat brain by using an in vitro autoradiography technique. Frozen section autoradiography with (125)I-secretin showed intense binding in the nucleus of solitary tract, laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, and accumbens nucleus; moderate binding in the hippocampus, caudate/putamen, cerebellum, cingulate and orbital cortices. Scatchard plot analysis gave the Kd value of 125 pM with Bmax of 134 fmol/mg tissue in the hippocampus. The binding specificity was confirmed with secretin and its analogs, VIP, PACAP, and glucagon. These results indicate the secretin receptor system might have some neural functions in the brain, which could give the basis for therapeutic use of secretin in autistic children.
Un modèle pour améliorer l'interopérabilité des données pédagogiques apprenant

l'adaptation des parcours pedagogiques et des contenus aux besoins des apprenants, le suivi et l'evaluation de leur progression sur les plates-formes de formation en ligne necessitent des donnees sur ces apprenants. A partir de l'etude des donnees echangees au sein d'une plate-forme et de celle des standards existants, nous proposons un modele etendant les standards et repondant aux besoins observes. Nous decrivons une implantation de ce modele et envisageons sa possible evolution.
Association of Chronic Diseases and Impairments With Disability in Older Adults: A Decade of Change?

Background:Little is known about how the relationship between chronic disease, impairment, and disability has changed over time among older adults. Objective:To examine how the associations of chronic disease and impairment with specific disability have changed over time. Research Design:Repeated cross-sectional analysis, followed by examining the collated sample using time interaction variables, of 3 recent waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Subjects:The subjects included 10,390, 10,621 and 10,557 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and above in 1998, 2004, and 2008. Measurements:Survey-based history of chronic diseases including hypertension, heart disease, heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung disease, and arthritis; impairments, including cognition, vision, and hearing; and disability, including mobility, complex activities of daily living (ADL), and self-care ADL. Results:Over time, the relationship of chronic diseases and impairments with disability was largely unchanged; however, the association between hypertension and complex ADL disability weakened from 1998 to 2004 and 2008 [odds ratio (OR)=1.24; 99% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.46; OR=1.07; 99% CI, 0.90–1.27; OR=1.00; 99% CI, 0.83–1.19, respectively], as it did for hypertension and self-care disability (OR=1.32; 99% CI, 1.13–1.54; OR=0.97; 99% CI, 0.82–1.14; OR=0.99; 99% CI, 0.83–1.17). The association between diabetes and self-care disability strengthened from 1998 to 2004 and 2008 (OR=1.21; 99% CI, 1.01–1.46; OR=1.37; 99% CI, 1.15–1.64; OR=1.52; 99% CI, 1.29–1.79), as it also did for lung disease and self-care disability (OR=1.64; 99% CI, 1.33–2.03; OR=1.63; 99% CI, 1.32–2.01; OR=2.11; 99% CI, 1.73–2.57). Conclusions:Although relationships between diseases, impairments, and disability were largely unchanged, disability became less associated with hypertension and more with diabetes and lung disease.
Design of the Temperature Control System with the MicroLogix

The design and verification of accurate temperature control system of the oven with the small or middle scale programmable logic controller (PLC) base on the dahlin algorithm is introduced. The design can achieve accurate control to the pure lag system and regulate the other logic control form the same controller. The system is cost-effective on the specific modular or instrument for the complex computing in some automatic device. Meanwhile, the design is computed and simulated by the matlab softwear for verifying the implementation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i8. 3101
Expression of brain lipid binding protein in the brain of the adult canary and its implications for adult neurogenesis

Brain lipid binding protein (BLBP), a member of the fatty acid binding protein family, is expressed at high levels in the mammalian central nervous system during development, but not in adulthood. Because the brain of adult birds continues to show significant levels of neurogenesis, we thought it likely that BLBP expression would also be present. We used a polyclonal antibody against BLBP to study the presence of this protein in the adult canary brain. This antibody stained 1) fibers and perikarya of radial cells in the telencephalon; 2) Bergmann glia in the cerebellum; 3) astrocytes; 4) tanicytes in the walls of the third ventricle; 5) the neuropil of certain forebrain and brainstem regions, including nuclei of the song system; and 6) some migrating cells in the telencephalon. This anatomical distribution suggests that BLBP plays a role in the neuronal migration and synaptic reorganization of adult avian brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 385:415–426, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An integral formulation for differential photometric stereo

In this paper we present an integral formulation of the active differential photometric stereo algorithm proposed by Clark (1992) and by Iwahori et al. [1992, 1994). The algorithm presented in this paper does not require measurement of derivatives of image quantities, but requires instead the computation of integrals of image quantities. Thus the algorithm is more robust to sensor noise and light source position errors than the Clark-Iwahori algorithm. We show that the algorithm presented in the paper can be efficiently implemented in practice with a planar distributed light source, and present experimental results demonstrating the efficacy of the algorithm.
Epistasis and the conversion of non-additive to additive genetic variance at population bottlenecks.

The effect of population bottlenecks on the mean and the additive variance generated by two neutral independent epistatic loci has been studied theoretically. Six epistatic models, used in the analysis of binary disease traits, were considered. Ancestral values in an infinitely large panmictic population were compared with their expectations at equilibrium, after t consecutive bottlenecks of equal size N (derived values). An increase in the additive variance after bottlenecks (inversely related to N and t) will occur only if the frequencies of the negative allele at each locus are: (1) low, invariably associated to strong inbreeding depression; (2) high, always accompanied by an enhancement of the mean with inbreeding. The latter is an undesirable property, making the pertinent models unsuitable for the genetic analysis of disease. For the epistatic models considered, it is unlikely that the rate of evolution may be accelerated after population bottlenecks, in spite of occasional increments of the derived additive variance over its ancestral value.
Spherical ultrasonic motor drive system for camera orientation in pipe inspection

We propose a camera actuating system using a spherical ultrasonic motor for inspection of the inside wall of a small pipe. The spherical ultrasonic motor has advantages that include three degrees of freedom, high responsiveness and high accuracy all within a compact body. We describe here the development of an outer rotor spherical ultrasonic motor (OR-SUSM) that enables a camera to rotate by more than 360° along the side of the pipe. All components, including the OR-SUSM, the sensing system, and the electric circuits, are designed to be assembled in the pipe inspection device with outer diameter of 52 mm. To control the system, the phase difference and frequency of the applied voltages are used. The rotational direction is determined by the phase difference and the angular velocity is controlled by the frequency. The completed system can be controlled to within 2° in an experimental pipe inspection test.
Interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 up‐regulate monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells: involvement of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and Janus kinase‐2 but not c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase 1/2 signalling pathways

The Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 and chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) are significantly involved in bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) and remodelling in allergic asthma. Although IL‐4 and IL‐13 can regulate a number of chemokines from bronchial epithelium, their regulatory effect on the expression of MCP‐1 is as yet unproved. We aim to investigate the intracellular signalling mechanisms of IL‐4 and IL‐13 regulating the expression and secretion of MCP‐1 from human bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS‐2B cells, derived from a human bronchial epithelial cell line, were activated with or without IL‐4 and/or IL‐13 for different time intervals. MCP‐1 gene expression and protein secretion were measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Activation of signalling molecules p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) and Janus kinase‐2 (JAK‐2) was accessed by Western blotting. IL‐4 and IL‐13 were found to up‐regulate gene expression and significantly increase the release of MCP‐1 from BEAS‐2B cells. Both cytokines could activate p38 MAPK, ERK and JAK‐2, but not JNK activity. Inhibition of p38 MAPK, ERK and JAK‐2 activities by pretreating the cells with their corresponding inhibitors SB203580, PD98059 and AG490, respectively, significantly suppressed IL‐4‐ and IL‐13‐induced MCP‐1 production in BEAS‐2B cells. Together, the above results illustrate that the activation of p38 MAPK, ERK and JAK‐2 but not JNK is crucial for IL‐4‐ and IL‐13‐induced MCP‐1 release in human bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings may provide insight into the future development of more effective therapeutic agents for treating allergic asthma.
CAPACITOR PLACEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

— Electric power supply system comprises of generating units that produce electricity, high voltage transmission lines & distribution lines that deliver the electricity to consumers. Losses mainly occur in distribution system due to variation in the load and the low voltage level at which electricity reaches to consumer. To optimize reactive power we must minimize total active power loss and control of voltage. This can be achieved by placing capacitor at proper locations in electrical distribution system. The optical capacitor placement problem involves determination of the location, number and size of capacitor to be placed. This paper describes a comparative study of capacitor placement problem using fuzzy logic approach described in "Cost Saving in Distribution System Using Fuzzy Techniques" and a novel method which solves problem using Ant Colony Optimization algorithm. Both the methods were applied as a simulation on a 15 bus radial system. It has been proved with the results that ACO method solves the problem with higher accuracy and also in a smaller span of time.
Effect of heavy oil exposure on antibacterial activity and expression of immune‐related genes in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Heavy oil (HO) pollution is one of the most important environmental issues globally. However, little is known about the immunotoxicity of HO in fish. We therefore investigated the effects of HO exposure on immunocompetence and expression of immune‐related genes in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. To test immunocompetency, serum collected from the fish was mixed with Edwardsiella tarda, plated, and the resultant numbers of bacterial colonies were counted. Plates with serum from HO‐exposed fish (5 d postexposure [dpe]) had significantly higher numbers of colonies than those of the untreated control group, suggesting that HO exposure suppresses immunocompetency. Downregulation of the immunoglobulin light chain (IgM) gene in HO‐exposed fish at 5 dpe was detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that IgM‐mediated immunity is suppressed by HO exposure. We measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in the liver of the fish. Low molecular weight PAHs were found to be taken up at high concentrations in fish liver; therefore, they are likely the cause of immune suppression in the fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:828–835. © 2012 SETAC
Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography and population history of the grey wolf Canis lupus

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) are highly mobile carnivores that disperse over great distances in search of territories and mates. Previous genetic studies have shown little geographical structure in either species. However, population genetic structure is also influenced by past isolation events and population fluctuations during glacial periods. In this study, control region sequence data from a worldwide sample of grey wolves and a more limited sample of coyotes were analysed. The results suggest that fluctuating population sizes during the late Pleistocene have left a genetic signature on levels of variation in both species. Genealogical measures of nucleotide diversity suggest that historical population sizes were much larger in both species and grey wolves were more numerous than coyotes. Currently, about 300 000 wolves and 7 million coyotes exist. In grey wolves, genetic diversity is greater than that predicted from census population size, reflecting recent historical population declines. By contrast, nucleotide diversity in coyotes is smaller than that predicted by census population size, reflecting a recent population expansion following the extirpation of wolves from much of North America. Both species show little partitioning of haplotypes on continental or regional scales. However, a statistical parsimony analysis indicates local genetic structure that suggests recent restricted gene flow.
The diagnostic utility of CK5/6 and p63 in fine‐needle aspiration of the breast lesions diagnosed as proliferative fibrocystic lesion

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy (FNAB) in the preoperative assessment of breast lesions has shown diagnostic limitations with false‐positive and false‐negative diagnoses. We investigated the diagnostic value of cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and p63 in a series of breast FNABs, diagnosed as proliferative breast lesions with or without atypia, to see whether these ancillary studies enhance the ability to make an accurate diagnosis by FNAB. Sixty‐four breast FNABs were retrieved between January 2000 and December 2005 and included in the study as follows: 29/64 (45%) cases as proliferative with atypia and 35/64 (55%) without atypia. We also included 10 cases of fibroadenoma. All cases had histological follow‐up available for correlation. Immunostaining for CK5/6 and p63 was performed on the cell block material in all cases. The percentage of staining cells in the specimen was graded as 0 (0–10%), 1 (11–25%), 2 (26–50%), and 3 (>50%). There were 9/29 (31%) cases in the atypical group that were found to be malignant on resection, compared with 6/35 (17%) in the cases without atypia. In histologically proven malignant cases, CK5/6 was negative in 11/15 (73%) or showed 1+ stain in 2/15 (13%) cases. In benign breast lesions, CK5/6 stained more than 25% of cell proliferation in 44/49 (90%). p63 showed characteristic staining for single naked bipolar nuclei in the background of the specimen (not appreciated by CK5/6) in all fibroadenoma cases. In conclusion, CK5/6 may enhance the ability to differentiate between benign and malignant epithelial proliferations in breast FNABs. In fibroepithelial lesions, p63 may be more useful than CK5/6. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anesthetic management of patients with Takayasu's arteritis: a case series and review.

UNLABELLED Takayasu's arteritis is a rare, chronic progressive panendarteritis involving the aorta and its main branches. Anesthesia for patients with Takayasu's arteritis is complicated by their severe uncontrolled hypertension, end-organ dysfunction resulting from hypertension, stenosis of major blood vessels affecting regional circulation, and difficulties encountered in monitoring arterial blood pressure. Takayasu's arteritis is an uncommon disease and previous descriptions of the anesthetic management of patients with this disease have been limited to isolated case reports in the anesthetic literature, mostly in women undergoing cesarean delivery. We present our experience in this series of eight patients for various emergency and elective surgical procedures and review their perioperative problems and management. IMPLICATIONS This case series describes the anesthetic problems and management of patients with pulseless disease.
Food Phenolic Compounds: Main Classes, Sources and Their Antioxidant Power

It is known that the metabolism of plants is divided in primary and secondary. The substan‐ ces that are common to living things and essential to cells maintenance (lipids, proteins, car‐ bohydrates, and nucleic acids) are originated from the primary metabolism. On the other hand, substances originated from several biosynthetic pathways and that are restricted to determined groups of organisms are results of the secondary metabolism [1]. Phenolic com‐ pounds are constituted in one of the biggest and widely distributed groups of secondary metabolites in plants [2].
AN IMPROVEMENT OF A CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEM DESIGN USING SIMULATION ANALYSIS

Cell Formation (CF) problem involves grouping the parts into part families and machines into manufacturing cells, so that parts with similar processing requirements are manufactured within the same cell. Many researches have suggested methods for CF. Few of these methods; have addressed the possible existence of exceptional elements (EE) in the solution and the effect of correspondent intercellular movement, which cause lack of segregation among the cells. This paper presents a simulation-based methodology, which takes into consideration the stochastic aspect in the cellular manufacturing (CM) system, to create better cell configurations. An initial solution is developed using any of the numerous CF procedures. The objective of the proposed method which provides performances ratings and cost-effective consist in determine how best to deal with the remaining EE. It considers and compares two strategies (1) permitting intercellular transfer and (2) exceptional machine duplication. The process is demonstrated with a numerical example
Small Molecule Therapeutics Characterization of LY 2228820 Dimesylate , a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of p 38 MAPK with Antitumor Activity

p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is activated in cancer cells in response to environmental factors, oncogenic stress, radiation, and chemotherapy. p38a MAPK phosphorylates a number of substrates, including MAPKAP-K2 (MK2), and regulates the production of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, such as TNF-a, interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-6, and CXCL8 (IL-8). p38a MAPK is highly expressed in human cancers andmay play a role in tumor growth, invasion,metastasis, and drug resistance. LY2228820 dimesylate (hereafter LY2228820), a trisubstituted imidazole derivative, is a potent and selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of the aand b-isoforms of p38 MAPK in vitro (IC50 1⁄4 5.3 and 3.2 nmol/L, respectively). In cellbased assays, LY2228820 potently and selectively inhibited phosphorylation of MK2 (Thr334) in anisomycinstimulated HeLa cells (at 9.8 nmol/L by Western blot analysis) and anisomycin-induced mouse RAW264.7 macrophages (IC50 1⁄4 35.3 nmol/L) with no changes in phosphorylation of p38aMAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, c-Jun, ATF2, or c-Myc 10 mmol/L. LY2228820 also reduced TNF-a secretion by lipopolysaccharide/IFNg–stimulated macrophages (IC50 1⁄4 6.3 nmol/L). In mice transplanted with B16-F10 melanoma, tumor phospho-MK2 (p-MK2) was inhibited by LY2228820 in a dose-dependent manner [threshold effective dose (TED)701⁄4 11.2mg/kg]. Significant target inhibition (>40% reduction in p-MK2)wasmaintained for 4 to 8 hours following a single 10mg/kg oral dose. LY2228820 produced significant tumor growth delay inmultiple in vivo cancer models (melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, ovarian, glioma, myeloma, breast). In summary, LY2228820 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor, which has been optimized for potency, selectivity, drug-like properties (such as oral bioavailability), and efficacy in animal models of human cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(2); 364–74.