Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early prediction of cardiovascular diseases, a lifestyle disorder, in software people in south India using high sensitive c reactive protein (hsCRP)

The study was aimed to find out the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in young software professionals. Coronary artery block or arteriosclerosis was considered to be a form of inflammation. High sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) is considered to be one of the sensitive markers of systemic inflammation, which has also been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Software professional have a sedate working style, more of mind working than physical work. This is same for both males as well as females and is further aggravated due to some unwanted habits like smoking and alcoholism. The population was categorized into 3 depending on the age group of less than 30 years, as in case of males and females and below 45 years as in case of males. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipids (HDL), low density lipids (LDL) and C reactive protein (CRP) along with hsCRP values were evaluated. Data regarding smoking and alcoholism were also documented. The present study shows that in males below 30 years, hsCRP levels were elevated in people having elevated levels of LDL. Simultaneously in women below 30 years, who had high hsCRP levels also had increased LDL levels, but this relation of hsCRP and LDL is more marked in case of males than females. CRP levels were also found to be elevated in those people having elevated levels of hsCRP. These high levels of cholesterol and LDL are associated with the sedate working style of software professionals.
The relationship between psychosocial risk factors and health outcomes of chronic diseases: a review of the evidence for cancer and cardiovascular diseases

This report summarizes the best available evidence for a link between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular and cancer morbidity and mortality in Europe. A total of 1822 Medline and PubMed articles published in English since January 2000 were searched, identifying 37 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Among the psychosocial factors repeatedly identified as related to chronic diseases, in and outside work, were high job demand, low autonomy, low control or high effort–reward imbalance, interpersonal conflicts, and low social support or low trust. The evidence suggests that multiple adverse psychosocial factors are independently associated with a range of adverse chronic diseases throughout adulthood. In addition, the social gradient in health observed throughout adulthood may partly operate through psychosocial factors on the pathway between socioeconomic characteristics and health. Psychosocial factors, therefore, might become part of complex total risk-reducing interventions focusing on multiple risk factors.
Understanding Sonographer Burnout

It is important to identify factors leading to burnout, recognize who is suffering, and apply prevention techniques to deter burnout and stress in the workplace. Factors contributing to burnout have been identified as staff shortages, compassion fatigue, work environment, and job satisfaction. Gender, age, lower academic status, qualifications, training, and number of years in the field are indicators of who is suffering. Patients are also among those identified to be suffering from the burnout of their health care providers. Prevention techniques such as addressing workplace issues, stress reduction programs, and debriefing sessions have been suggested or shown to counteract the effects of stress. It is important for organizations and individuals together to recognize and attempt to prevent burnout.
Biochemical Markers and Health Behavior Related with Bone Mineral Density in Adult Men

Background: More than half of the causes of male osteoporosis is due to secondary osteoporosis. Therefore, it is important to detect and modify its related factors. The aim of this study was to fi nd related lifestyle factors and biochemical markers with low bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean men. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in men aged 40-69 years who visited a hospital for health checkup from January to March 2007. BMD was measured at proximal femur and lumbar spine by dual energy x-ray absorptionmetry. Lifestyle factors were estimated by a self-administered questionnaire and fasting glucose, uric acid, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, free testosterone, 25-OH vitamin D, urine deoxypyridinoline, osteocalcin were measured. Multivariate logistic regression was used to fi the association to the lowest tertile of BMD. Results: A total of 152 subjects were included. After multivariate analysis adjusted with age, BMI, smoking, alcohol and exercise, different factors were correlated with low bone density in each site of femoral neck and lumbar spine. Factors correlated at both sites were BMI and exercise; lower BMI and doing no exercise increased risks of low bone density. Increasing age and alcohol intake ≥ 14 drinks/week were associated with lower BMD at femoral neck. The factors associated with lower lumbar spine BMD only were lower level of uric acid and higher level of urine deoxypyridinoline. Conclusion: Different factors were associated with low bone density at femoral neck and lumbar spine in men. BMI and exercise were related in both sites; age, alcohol intake, uric acid and deoxypyridinoline were related on either site.
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs and Practices in Medicine: An Evaluation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Malaysia

In recent years there has been growing awareness regarding the role of religion and spirituality (R/S) in the practice of clinical medicine. Despite hundreds of articles in professional journals on the subject, little is known about physician beliefs regarding the influence of religion on health. We aim to assess the beliefs and observations of physicians regarding the role of R/S and patient’s health and whether they address such issues in their clinical practice. Concomitantly, we aim to assess the beliefs of our patients and whether they like to address such issues. Questionnaire was based on a cross sectional survey among hospitalized patients and their treating physicians. Nearly all patients and physicians reported a high prevalence of religiosity. Patients also acknowledged that their R/S was respected by the staff, and that physicians inquired R/S about half of the time. R/S was described as beneficial as it enabled patients to cope better with their illness and gave them a positive state of mind. Religion is important to many patients and physicians, but half of the physicians ignore it in their clinical practice. Physicians need to be attentive to patients R/S issues and address them in specific clinical situations. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(1): 4-8 Key words: Religion; spirituality; medicine; health; beliefs DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i1. 5927
Emergencies in Nephrology - Renal Dysfunction a Sufficient MortalityPredictor?

The renal function impairment is worldwide known to represent a pathological status often associated with a high prevalence of various major conditions with high risk of mortality: cardiovascular diseases (including acute ischemic stroke, sudden cardiac death) [3], neoplasia [4], diabetes [5-7], infections [8], hepatorenal syndrome[9-11]. Besides, to the traditional risk factors (e.g.: age, proteinuria, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking), in the last decade, a new contributing factor in CKD progression has emerged: the periodontal disease [12]. Of course, other important problems are represented by different devastating complications of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the type of renal replacement therapy and the right moment it should be performed.
Ciprofloxacin or Tamsulosin in Men With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

R. B. ALEXANDER, K. J. PROPERT, A. J. SCHAEFFER, J. R. LANDIS, J. C. NICKEL, M. P. O’LEARY, M. A. PONTARI, M. MCNAUGHTON-COLLINS, D. A. SHOSKES, C. V. COMITER, N. S. DATTA, J. E. FOWLER, JR., R. B. NADLER, S. I. ZEITLIN, J. S. KNAUSS, Y. WANG, J. W. KUSEK, L. M. NYBERG, JR. AND M. S. LITWIN FOR THE CHRONIC PROSTATITIS COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH NETWORK, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY FAT MASS AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

The study analyzes the impact of a body fat mass onto body composition, as muscle mass, water mass, and bone mass of a body, and also onto such physical parameters, as the basal metabolic ratio (BMR), metabolic age, a bioimpedance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The research included 58 people, of them 32 patients with NAFLD. There were studied anthropometrical indicators, as age, weight, body mass index, also parameters of body composition. In patients group in compare with control group there were significantly raised a visceral fat rating on 3.1 units (р<0.0001), a metabolic age on 9.6 years (р<0.0001), a basal metabolic rate on 209 kkcal/day (р=0.004), a bioimpedance on 25.7 Ohm (р=0.04). In control group in compare with patients group there were significantly raised the percentage of total body water on 9.9% (р<0.0001), the percentage of muscle mass on 13.1% (р<0.0001), and the percentage of bone mass on 0.7% (р<0.0001). BMR starts to be slowed down when fat mass accumulation in organism is betw een 30 and 40%, and after 40% the BMR starts to go down. Bioimpedance values increases with rises of fat mass in percentage.
Quantification of Resource Utilization to Obtain Functional Recovery in Strokes.

Background : The increasing elderly population will turn increased attention to the functional recovery and costs for patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Several functional scales like the Barthel index (BI) have been applied in healthcare research and handled as continuous variables for risk adjustment or main outcomes. BI is originally an ordinal variable and we tested whether healthcare resources during acute care settings were utilized evenly among patients with BI improvement, and whether the incremental cost to gain the given BI improvement varied, depending on the functional status at admission. Methods : The study administrative database contained 337,851 CVD patients across 1,050 hospitals from fiscal year (FY) 2006 to 2009. We identified a total of 61,191 CVD patients with available BI scores among 334 hospitals participating consecutively in the 4 study years. Patient and hospital characteristics, care process, BI score at admission and discharge, length of stay (LOS) and total charges (TC) were analyzed among three BI-at-admission categories. BI at admission was categorized into the following three groups: less than 59 dependent; 60 - 84 independent with assistance, and no less than 85 nearly completely independent. The effect of a one-point BI gain on LOS and TC was determined using mixed linear regression models. Results : A total of 22,342 CVD patients across 327 hospitals were observed to have BI improvement at discharge. Among admitted patients, 59.5% were dependent and 25.6% were independent with assistance. Dependent status at admission was frequently associated with surgical procedures, ICU accommodation, ventilation and rehabilitation, whereas patients who were independent with assistance only had increased use of ICU and rehabilitation. Better functional status at admission reduced LOS and TC. One-point gain in the BI was associated with shorter LOS in patients with dependent functional status solely, and with more TC in those who were independent with assistance and nearly completely independent Conclusions : We observed a variation in incremental cost required for BI improvement among three functional status groups at admission. Policy-makers should be aware of the variation in cost required for a given functional gain depending on the functional status category at admission, and plan the efficient healthcare policy for CVD patients for promoting functional convalescence. doi:10.4021/jnr42w
Systemic Leakage and Side Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Administered via Isolated Limb Perfusion Can Be Manipulated by Flow Rate Adjustment

I read with interest the article by Sorkin et al 1 in the October 1995 issue of theArchives. Given that vascular isolation has been expertly done and the tourniquet has been adequately applied, the authors have correctly observed that decreasing the flow rate to the isolated extremity will decrease the leakage of recumbent tumor necrosis factor α into the general circulation. Our unpublished data suggest that decreasing the flow rate by 20% will decrease the leakage from the extremity to the general circulation by 50%. Caution should be used in decreasing the flow. Flow rates of less than 30 cm 3 per limb volume result in a decrease of flow into the microcirculation and hypoxia. Monitoring flow in the microcirculation using the laser Doppler in the unoperated-on extremity will give a good idea of the minimum level to which the flow rate can be decreased without causing hypoxia. The
A review of polyvinyl alcohol derivatives: Promising materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

In recent years, a technological breakthrough in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields have been reflected in the development of more complex, safe and effective dosage forms to improve the administration, delivery, disposition and stability of drugs, as well as at creating more biocompatible and biodegradable materials. As a result, modified release devices and functional coatings which improve the effectiveness and efficacy of drugs have been generated. This advancement has been achieved by physical or chemical modification of natural or semisynthetic polymers which stabilize and protect drugs against harsh environmental factors. Therefore, the development of novel excipients with a high functionality and robustness has become an important quest. Among these materials, polyvinyl alcohol is one of the most versatile and biocompatible, since by chemical or physical modification its properties are modulated, improving drug stability, drug targeting, and ensures patient compliance. Freezing-thawing cycles, heat treatment and formation of composites are the most significant physical modifications to improve the performance of polyvinyl alcohol. On the other hand, the chemical modifications by cross-linking with aldehydes, carboxylic acids, sodium tetraborate, epichlorohydrin have enhanced the physical and mechanical properties, such as the oil sorption ability, oxygen and waterproof characteristics, mechanical strength, drug diffusion and rate of swelling. Key words: Polyvinyl alcohol, composites, crosslinking, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Cytostatic gene therapy for occlusive vascular disease

The formation of occlusive vascular lesions during the course of atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, transplant vasculopathy and vessel graft failure is a chronic inflammatory process characterised by excessive cellular proliferation within the injured artery wall. Therefore, candidate targets for the treatment of vasculoproliferative disease include cell cycle regulatory factors, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, CDK inhibitory proteins (CKIs), tumour suppressors, growth factors and their receptors, and transcription factors involved in cell cycle control. Although several genetically-modified mouse models have conclusively demonstrated that increased cell proliferation aggravates atheroma development, the potential benefit of cytostatic strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis in the clinic is doubtful because human atherosclerosis is often diagnosed at advanced stages when neointimal proliferation appears low or absent. In contrast, restenosis and graft atherosclerosis appear amenable for cytostatic strategies because neointimal lesions typically develop over a short period of time after revascularisation (e.g., 2 – 12 months) and are localised at the site of the intervention. Vascular interventions, both endovascular and open surgical, allow minimally invasive, easily monitored gene delivery. In this review, the preclinical studies and clinical trials utilising cytostatic gene therapy for occlusive vascular disease will be discussed.
Dupilumab in persistent asthma with elevated eosinophil levels

Monoclonal antibodies are an effective treatment for a number of inflammatory autoimmune conditions, particularly those refractory to first-line medications. In asthma, airway inflammation may be associated with Th2 cell overactivity and raised eosinophils in up to 50% of cases. Th2 activation leads to the release of interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4, which mediate their effects via receptors containing the IL-4 …
Integrated treatment model for first-contact patients witha schizophrenia-type psychosis: The Fhhh API project

This paper presents the background, rationale, set-up and first results of the Finnish API study, whose aim was to investigate the use of a psychotherapeutically oriented and familycentred treatment model for acute psychosis in different treatment settings, and especially the role of neuroleptic drug treatment when working along the principles of the integrated treatment model. Six psychiatric catchment areas from different parts of the country participated by collecting a material of 136 first-contact patients with a schizophrenia-type psychosis. More than half of the patients received a formal diagnosis from the schizophrenia group at the initial examination, and more than one-third a diagnosis of reactive or atypical psychosis. In the treatment plans for the patients, the psychosocial modes of treatment dominated, especially the family therapeutic methods. Neuroleptic drug treatment was recommended for only 40% of the patients, and for one-fourth no psychotropic drugs at all. Acute psychosis, Integrated treatment. Neuroleptic-free treatment, Treatment models. Research Professor Ville Lehtinen, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (Stakes), Mental Health Unit, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, Building 4, FIN-20700 Turku, Finland; Accepted: 25 March 1996.
Lambda-calculus terms that reduce to themselves

The proposition answers a small puzzle involved in Stenlund's book [2] where A > B means that A reduces to B but A φ B, and where a term A is said to be strongly normalizable if every reduction sequence A > Aι > A2 > . is finite. Stenlund remarks that a strongly normalizable term has a normal form. The term D of (1) is not a counterexample to his remark since Stenlund is dealing with a theory of λ-calculus with types, and no type assignment to x can make D a well-formed term of that theory; but the possibility of other examples, valid for typed λ-calculus, was not considered. (The proposition of this note is not necessary for the application to Stenlund's theory since the difficulty there could be avoided by requiring reduction sequences either to end with a term in normal form, or to be infinite'.)
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND RISK FACTORS IN IRAN

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be an ethnicity related disease and an important health issue for health-care systems. Thus, domestic recognition of risk factors and disease characteristics seem to be inevitable. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology, basic characteristics, and risk factors in patients with DVT. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all patients with primary or final diagnosis of DVT, confirmed by Doppler ultrasound in a 5-year period were included. Demographic data and prognosis were extracted from medical files. To evaluate the outcome of the patients after discharge, a phonecall follow-up was performed for all available patients. Results: Three-hundred seventy-one DVT patients were included with 232/139 male to female ratio. The mean age was 55.72±20.01 years with significant difference between genders (p=0.006). Mean weight was 88.97±10.2 kg with no significant difference between genders (p=0.74). The most common affected veins were common femoral vein (257 cases, 69.2%), followed by Popliteal, iliac, axillary, and subclavian veins. No season preference was seen in DVT occurrence. One-year survival of the patients after discharge was 92.6% and two-year survival was 87.7%. Conclusion: By knowing local information about this disease, health-care providers can give accurate warnings and suggestions to prevent the probable thrombosis chances. As Iran lacked information about DVT characteristics, this study can be an epidemiologic guide for health-care systems and an opening path for future studies. [GMJ. 2013;2(4):135-40]
SGLT2 mediates glucose reabsorption in the early proximal tubule

To elucidate the role of the Na‐glucose transporter SGLT2, we performed in vivo clearance and micropuncture studies under inactin/ketamine anesthesia in gene‐targeted mice lacking Sglt2 (−/−; generated by replacing a 2419 bp region containing exons 1–5 of Slc5a2 by homologous recombination). Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate and blood glucose levels were not different between Sglt2−/− and wild‐type (WT) mice (101±4 vs. 107±7 mmHg; 6.5±0.7 vs. 6.8±0.6 μl/min/g bw; 8.0±0.8 vs. 7.6±0.6 mM; n=6; NS). Fractional renal reabsorption of glucose was lower in Sglt2−/− mice compared to WT (35±8 vs. 99.7±0.1%; P<0.0001) and varied inversely with the amount of filtered glucose in Sglt2−/− mice (between 60 and 10%). Free‐flow collections of tubular fluid were performed along accessible proximal tubules at the kidney surface to establish a profile for fractional reabsorption of glucose versus fluid (FR‐fluid, FR‐glucose). We found that for early proximal collections (FR‐fluid <40%) 79±7% of the filtered glucose were reabsorbed in WT mice whereas mean net reabsorption of glucose was zero (−0.1±8.0%) in Sglt2−/− mice (P<0.0001). For late proximal collections (FR‐fluid >=40%) FR‐glucose was 93±1% in WT and 22±7% in Sglt2−/− mice (P<0.0001). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that SGLT2 mediates glucose reabsorption in the early proximal tubule and is a major determinant of glucose reabsorption in the kidney.
Mineralocorticoids stimulate the activity and expression of renal H,K‐ATPases

Mineralocorticoids such as deoxycorticosterone activate Na+ reabsorption and H+ secretion in the renal collecting duct. In this study, the effect of deoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) on renal H+,K+‐ATPase activity and expression was investigated. Eight days after female wild type (WT) mice received DOCP, collecting ducts were perfused in vitro to measure H+,K+‐ATPase‐dependent H+ secretion after an acute intracellular acid load. DOCP stimulated H+,K+‐ATPase mediated H+ secretion in A type intercalated cells of inner cortical collecting ducts by 70% whereas no effect of DOCP was observed in B type intercalated cells compared to control. DOCP dramatically increased HKα2 mRNA expression in outer and inner medulla (246% and 1040%, respectively) and did not affect HKα1 mRNA expression. DOCP treatment caused significant body weight gain in WT mice and had little effect on body weight in mice lacking both α subunits (HKα1,2−/−). DOCP caused a similar degree of hypokalemia in WT and HKα1,2−/− mice. Importantly, WT developed metabolic alkalosis whereas HKα1,2−/− mice did not. In summary, these data clearly demonstrate a physiological role for renal H+,K+‐ATPases in mineralocorticoid stimulated H+ secretion and suggest a role for these enzymes in Na+ reabsorption.