Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Phosphotransferase System of Corynebacterium glutamicum: Features of Sugar Transport and Carbon Regulation

In this review, we describe the phosphotransferase system (PTS) of Corynebacterium glutamicum and discuss genes for putative global carbon regulation associated with the PTS. C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 has PTS genes encoding the general phosphotransferases enzyme I, HPr and four enzyme II permeases, specific for glucose, fructose, sucrose and one yet unknown substrate. C. gluamicum has a peculiar sugar transport system involving fructose efflux after hydrolyzing sucrose transported via sucrose EII. Also, in addition to their primary PTS, fructose and glucose are each transported by a second transporter, glucose EII and a non-PTS permease, respectively. Interestingly, C. glutamicum does not show any preference for glucose, and thus co-metabolizes glucose with other sugars or organic acids. Studies on PTS-mediated sugar uptake and its related regulation in C. glutamicum are important because the production yield of lysine and cell growth are dependent on the PTS sugars used as substrates for fermentation. In many bacteria, the PTS is also involved in several regulatory processes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of global carbon regulation associated with the PTS in this organism has not yet been revealed.
Laminar analysis of visually evoked activity in the primary visual cortex

Studying the laminar pattern of neural activity is crucial for understanding the processing of neural signals in the cerebral cortex. We measured neural population activity [multiunit spike activity (MUA) and local field potential, LFP] in Macaque primary visual cortex (V1) in response to drifting grating stimuli. Sustained visually driven MUA was at an approximately constant level across cortical depth in V1. However, sustained, visually driven, local field potential power, which was concentrated in the γ-band (20–60 Hz), was greatest at the cortical depth corresponding to cortico-cortical output layers 2, 3, and 4B. γ-band power also tends to be more sustained in the output layers. Overall, cortico-cortical output layers accounted for 67% of total γ-band activity in V1, whereas 56% of total spikes evoked by drifting gratings were from layers 2, 3, and 4B. The high-resolution layer specificity of γ-band power, the laminar distribution of MUA and γ-band activity, and their dynamics imply that neural activity in V1 is generated by laminar-specific mechanisms. In particular, visual responses of MUA and γ-band activity in cortico-cortical output layers 2, 3, and 4B seem to be strongly influenced by laminar-specific recurrent circuitry and/or feedback.
Mental illness in adults with fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to use structured clinical interviews to characterize the type and frequency of mental illness in adults with fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects. METHOD Twenty-five subjects who met criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects, who were older than 18 years old, and who had an IQ of greater than 70 were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. RESULTS Eighteen of the 25 subjects had received psychiatric treatment. The most common axis I disorders were alcohol or drug dependence (15 subjects), depression (11 subjects), and psychotic disorders (10 subjects). The most common axis II disorders were avoidant (six subjects), antisocial (four subjects), and dependent (three subjects) personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that adults with fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects suffer from substantial mental illness.
Characterization of the neural stem cell gene regulatory network identifies OLIG2 as a multifunctional regulator of self-renewal

The gene regulatory network (GRN) that supports neural stem cell (NS cell) self-renewal has so far been poorly characterized. Knowledge of the central transcription factors (TFs), the noncoding gene regulatory regions that they bind to, and the genes whose expression they modulate will be crucial in unlocking the full therapeutic potential of these cells. Here, we use DNase-seq in combination with analysis of histone modifications to identify multiple classes of epigenetically and functionally distinct cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Through motif analysis and ChIP-seq, we identify several of the crucial TF regulators of NS cells. At the core of the network are TFs of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), nuclear factor I (NFI), SOX, and FOX families, with CREs often densely bound by several of these different TFs. We use machine learning to highlight several crucial regulatory features of the network that underpin NS cell self-renewal and multipotency. We validate our predictions by functional analysis of the bHLH TF OLIG2. This TF makes an important contribution to NS cell self-renewal by concurrently activating pro-proliferation genes and preventing the untimely activation of genes promoting neuronal differentiation and stem cell quiescence.
Contralateral Eye Movements and Alpha Reactivity of Lithium Patients in Recognition Tasks

For the purpose of analyzing memory deficits in patients on lithium therapy the Psychological Labor (E. Opgenoorth et al.) and Lithium Department (R. Wolf et al.) studied not only psychological performance but also biosignals of elementary complexity (characteristic values of eye movements as a reaction to simple light stimuli) and of higher complexity, i.e. those which accompany the cognitive processing of information. Recall and recognition performance for incidentally learned word and picture items was tested in 14 patients receiving lithium treatment. Simultaneously registered EEG (O1-Cz and O2-Cz) and lateral eye movements (LEM) were analyzed with reference to different stimuli. Absolute alpha power and relative event-related desynchronization (ERD) show differences in EEG reactivity between healthy individuals and lithium patients demonstrated by differences in the amplitudes. LEM are characterized by a slight delay of the peaks.
To tell or not to tell: South African women's disclosure of HIV status during pregnancy

Abstract HIV-positive pregnant women often do not disclose their serostatus to their partners, family and friends, creating potential barriers to preventing sexual transmission to partners and mother-to-child transmission through breastfeeding. This research explores recently diagnosed HIV-positive pregnant women's reasons for disclosure and non-disclosure of serostatus to various members of their social networks, as well as the consequences of their disclosure. Data were collected through open-ended questions as part of a semi-structured interview with 293 recently diagnosed HIV-positive pregnant women recruited from antenatal clinics in two townships in Tshwane, South Africa. A content analysis of responses showed that women weighed fear of abandonment and discrimination against their desire to raise risk awareness and their need for support. Partners most often responded to disclosure with disbelief and shock, whereas parents frequently exhibited emotional distress, but were still supportive, as were other relatives and friends. The women subsequently experienced low levels of adverse consequences after disclosure. The results can assist healthcare providers in understanding the complexity of pregnant women's decisions to disclose to various members of their social networks and emphasize the need for continued counselling and support.
Role of coagulation in predicting the outcome of bacterial meningitis

1. Ross OA, Wu YR, Lee MC, et al. Analysis of Lrrk2 R1628P as a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 2008;64: 88–92. 2. Tan EK, Skipper L, Chua E, et al. Analysis of 14 LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson’s plus syndromes and late-onset Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2006;21:997–1001. 3. Tan EK, Zhao Y, Tan L, et al. Analysis of LRRK2 Gly2385Arg genetic variant in non-Chinese Asians. Mov Disord 2007;22: 1816–1818. 4. Tan EK, Schapira AH. Uniting Chinese across Asia: the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg risk variant. Eur J Neurol 2008;15: 203–204. 5. Di Fonzo A, Wu-Chou YH, Lu CS, et al. A common missense variant in the LRRK2 gene, Gly2385Arg, associated with Parkinson’s disease risk in Taiwan. Neurogenetics 2006;7:133–138. 6. Funayama M, Li Y, Yoshino H, et al. A variation in LRRK2 is associated with Parkinson’s disease in Asian population. Neuroreport 2007;18:273–275. 7. Tan EK, Zhao Y, Skipper L, et al. The LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant is associated with Parkinson’s disease: genetic and functional evidence. Hum Genet 2007;120:857–863. 8. Farrer MJ, Stone JT, Lin CH, et al. Lrrk2 G2385R is an ancestral risk factor for Parkinson’s disease in Asia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007;13:89–92. 9. Tan EK, Shen H, Tan LC, et al. The G2019S LRRK2 mutation is uncommon in an Asian cohort of Parkinson’s disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2005;384:327–329. 10. Lu CS, Simons EJ, Wu-Chou YH, et al. The LRRK2 I2012T, G2019S, and I2020T mutations are rare in Taiwanese patients with sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2005;11:521–522. 11. Fung HC, Chen CM, Hardy J, et al. Lack of G2019S LRRK2 mutation in a cohort of Taiwanese with sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2006;21:880–881. 12. Tomiyama H, Li Y, Funayama M, et al. Clinicogenetic study of mutations in LRRK2 exon 41 in Parkinson’s disease patients from 18 countries. Mov Disord 2006;21:1102–1108. 13. Punia S, Behari M, Govindappa ST, et al. Absence/rarity of commonly reported LRRK2 mutations in Indian Parkinson’s disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2006;409:83–88. 14. Tan EK, Jankovic J. Genetic testing in Parkinson disease: promises and pitfalls. Arch Neurol 2006;63:1232–1237.
The virtual museum: Interactive 3D navigation of a multimedia database

The Virtual Museum is an interactive, electronic museum where users can move from room to room, and select any exhibit in a room for more detailed examination. The exhibits in the museum are educational, encompassing topics such as medicine, plant growth, the environment, and space. To facilitate interaction with the museum, a new method for navigating through a prerendered 3D space, and interacting with objects in that space has been developed, called ‘virtual navigation’. Virtual navigation employs real-time video decompression for the display of, and interaction with, high-quality computer animation. In addition, a representation for 3D objects in animated sequences is used which permits pixel-accurate, frame-accurate object picking, so that a viewer can select any 3D object to trigger movement within the 3D space, to examine an exhibit in animated form, or to play a digital movie or soundtrack. The use of precomputed video permits 3D navigation in a realistic-looking space, without requiring special-purpose graphics hardware.
Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer: A European Perspective

The increasing use of laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery is controversial. The technical feasibility of such methods is now beyond doubt; however, their clinical evaluation is at an early stage. The expectation that the laparoscopic approach would confer benefit to patients in terms of reduced postoperative pain and other morbidity has been questioned. The safety of these methods in neoplasia is unproven. This article presents those laparoscopic resectional techniques available to the colorectal surgeon. The authors' personal experience with these procedures is reviewed and those issues of controversy are discussed, with particular reference to the question of the suitability of these techniques for the treatment of malignancy.
La ciudad criolla

Este es un libro de historia de la América hispana colonial (14921810) que la cuenta sirviéndose para ello de las ciudades creadas –o recreadas– por los españoles. Como estos días he tenido entre manos una Histoire de l'Amérique Française (de Gilles Havard y Cécile Vidal) que a cada trecho menciona como característico de sus primeras entradas la inmediata construcción de una forteresse en el lugar elegido para habitation, cabe aceptar que la fundación de núcleos urbanos haya sido, en efecto, característica propia de la colonización española, y, por lo mismo, que sea congruente privilegiar el uso de un dispositivo –la ciudad– que puede revelarse francamente útil para relatar su historia.
Structure design and optimization of thrust magnetic bearing for the high-speed motor

Magnetic bearings are oil-free bearings that are widely employed in rotating machineries such as high-speed motors in order to eliminate lubrication systems, reduce wear, increase efficiency and mechanical service life. Based on a high-speed motor with a power of 5 kW and a maximum speed of 60 000 rpm, active thrust magnetic bearings are designed to match with the high-speed motor considering the limited space. On the premise that the maximum thrust is determined, a functional relationship between thrust provided by TMB and the structure parameters of TMB, mainly including magnetic ring area and the cross sectional area of coil cavity, built by magnetic circuit method, combined with the size of the available space in the high-speed motor, we find the suitable structural parameters through a new optimization algorithm. The finite element software, Maxwell is used to verify the feasibility and reliability of the design. It provides a reference for the design of TMB with minimum volume in the high speed motor. This paper provides the design scheme of the minimum volume of TMB as a reference.
Batch fabricated flexible tactile sensor based on carbon nanotube-polymer composites

We developed a batch-processed, flexible tactile sensor using carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer composites. The fabricated sensor consists of a flexible substrate (polyimide), four flexible sensing parts (CNT-polymer composites) and a bump structure (SU-8). CNT-polymer composite was patterned on polyimide substrate through large area screen printing process. The proposed sensor structure has advantages in high sensitivity, mechanical flexibility and facile fabrication process. It showed outstanding piezoresistive characteristics in the pressure range up to 2 N.
Cyclic Variation in Susceptibility of Balb-c 3 T 3 Cells to Polyoma Virus

In the preceding paper (Thorne, I973) it was shown that resting monolayer cultures of Balb-c 3T3 cells gave much lower yields ofpolyoma virus/cell than actively-dividing cultures. In neither case could the yield be markedly altered by various additions to the growth medium. These results raised the possibility that cellular susceptibility varied during the cell cycle depending on some particular transitory factor(s). This problem has been examined using synchronized 3T3 cell populations from two clones which were tested for susceptibility at various times during the cell cycle.
A Continuous-Time Ripple Reduction Technique for Spinning-Current Hall Sensors

This paper presents a new ripple-reduction technique for spinning-current Hall sensors, which obviates the need for low-pass filtering to suppress the ripple caused by up-modulated sensor offset. A continuous-time ripple-free output is achieved by the use of three ripple reduction loops (RRLs), which continuously sense the offset ripple and then use this information to drive a feedback loop that cancels sensor offset before amplification. Since no low-pass filter is involved, the bandwidth of the resulting system can be much higher than the spinning frequency. Moreover, since the front-end no longer has to process sensor offset, the requirements on its dynamic range can be significantly relaxed. A prototype system consisting of a Hall sensor readout system realized in a 0.18 μm CMOS process was combined with three off-chip RRLs realized with off-chip electronics. At a spinning frequency of 1 kHz, the RRLs reduce the offset ripple by more than 40 dB to about 10 μT, while also achieving low offset (25 μT) and wide bandwidth (over 100 kHz).
Development of a Diabetes Prevention Management Program for Clinical Practice

Dr. Schwarz and his colleagues have designed a program that draws on the prevention studies that aim to man age type two diabetes (T2D). The TUMAINI model includes normoglycaemic individuals who are also at risk for T2D. The model includes a three-step intervention: identification of the individuals at high risk to develop T2D, intensive intervention based on individual choice, and continuous intervention for motivation maintenance and evaluation.
Colour Constancy using Grey Edge Framework and Image Component Analysis

This article presents a reformulation of the Grey Edge framework for colour constancy. Colour constancy is the ability of a visual system to perceive objects" colours independently of their scenes" illuminants. Colour constancy algorithms try to estimate the colour of an illuminant from image values. This estimation can later be used to correct the image as though it were taken under a white illuminant. The modification presented allows the framework to incorporate image-specific filters instead of the commonly used edge detectors. A colour constancy algorithm is proposed using PCA and FastICA linear component analyses methods for the construction of such filters. The results show that the proposed method improves the accuracies of the Grey Edge framework algorithms whilst on the other hand, achieving comparable accuracies with the state-of-the-art methods, but improving their time efficiencies.
Spatial error criterion for discrete complex image method

Although DCIM is very robust and efficient to obtain spatial-domain Green's functions from their spectral-domain counterparts in planar media, the method suffers from the lack of an error metric ensuring the accuracy of the end result, which deters CAD developers and engineers from using it in the development of commercial tools. To remedy this shortcoming of DCIM, a weighted 2-norm of the error in the spatial domain is defined and its mapping to the spectral domain is derived and proposed as the metric to be used in DCIM. In addition, the leakage problem of the multi-level implementations of DCIM is also eliminated. The resulting metric is implemented on the latest three-level DCIM and the proposed three-level DCIM is verified on a typical planar layered geometry.
Los Determinantes del Crecimiento Económico: Introducción

La importancia del tema del crecimiento economico es evidente. Si los paises en desarrollo aspiran a llegar a una etapa de crecimiento sostenido por encima de un 6% al ano, un mejor entendimiento de las causas del crecimiento economico resulta de un alto valor social. Y si una mejor comprension de las politicas economicas en este proceso puede ayudar a incrementar, aunque solo levemente, la tasa de crecimiento de largo plazo de los paises, el beneficio para estos sera enorme. Como dicen Larrain y Vergara (1992), un pais que crece al 3% en forma sostenida por 10 anos logra incrementar su producto en 34% durante ese periodo. Si ese mismo pais lograra crecer al 5% anual durante una decada, su producto aumentaria en 64%. Es decir, una diferencia de tan solo 2 puntos porcentuales por ano en la tasa de crecimiento, se traduce en una brecha de 30% en los niveles de producto que se pueden lograr al final de una decada. Esto mismo nos da una idea de por que el tema del crecimiento economico trasciende el mero interes academico. En efecto, un entendimiento de las causales del crecimiento que permita implementar politicas que lo promuevan, tendra efectos positivos sobre el bienestar y calidad de vida de la poblacion. Un diagnostico equivocado de que determina el crecimiento puede tener efectos muy negativos en el bienestar del pais. Argelia es un ejemplo elocuente al respecto. Se penso que crecer era invertir y la tasa de inversion en Argelia (sobre el 45%) fue durante un largo periodo una de las mayores del mundo. A pesar de esto el pais no crecio, por lo que en definitiva sacrifico consumo y no obtuvo nada en retorno. Algo similar ocurrio con los ex paises socialistas de la Europa Central y del Este, como la Union Sovietica. El caso de estos paises ensena que para crecer no es suficiente con solo tener un alto nivel de inversion, sino que hay otra serie de factores que tambien influyen. Al respecto es ilustrativo indicar tambien que estudios recientes indican que Singapur, con una tasa de inversion que supera el 40% del producto, tiene una eficiencia de la inversion que es practicamente la mitad de la de Hong Kong, que invierte solo el 20% del producto.
Quantitative and subjective behavioural aspects in the assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults

Abstract Background: Self-rating scales and cognitive tests are instruments used in the assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have examined the differential validity of these kinds of instruments in psychiatric samples. Aims: To examine the discriminative validity of two self-report scales (ADHD Self-Report Scale [ASRS v.1.1], Current Symptom Scale [CSS]) and a continuous performance test with measures of motor activity (QBTest Plus). Methods: The interrelation between the instruments, and their abilities to differentiate between patients with an ADHD diagnosis and non-ADHD patients referred for psychiatric assessment were examined in a naturalistic sample of 61 adult patients. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the dichotomized versions of the test variables in all tests ranged from 0.61 to 0.71. The ASRS and CSS exhibited sensitivity of 90.2% and 85.4%, and specificity of 35.0% and 40.0%, respectively. Variables from the QBTest Plus showed the opposite result for the variables QBImpulsivity and QBInattention, with sensitivity of 58.5% and 36.3% and specificity of 80.0% and 100.0%. Sensitivity and specificity of QBActivity were 68.3% and 65.0%, respectively. A stepwise discriminant function analysis showed that two variables from the QBTest Plus—QBInattention and QBActivity—accounted for 22.8% of the between-group variability, with the strongest predictor being QBInattention. The function yielded an overall correct classification of 72.1%. The classification correctly identified 87.8% of patients diagnosed with ADHD and 40.0% of non-ADHD patients. Conclusion: The discriminant validity of self-rating scales and the more objective measure of ADHD symptoms are poor and should be integrated generally with other sources of data.