Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for screening for undiagnosed diabetic subjects.

AIM The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for detecting undiagnosed diabetes in India. METHODS The risk score was derived from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), an ongoing epidemiological study on a representative population of Chennai. Phase 1 of CURES recruited 26,001 individuals, of whom every tenth subject was requested to participate in Phase 3 for screening for diabetes using World Health Organization (WHO) 2 hour venous plasma glucose criteria [i.e. > or = 200 mg/dl]. The response rate was 90.4% (2350/2600). The Indian Diabetes Risk Score [IDRS] was developed based on results of multiple logistic regression analysis. Internal validation was performed on the same data. RESULTS IDRS used four risk factors: age, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes and physical activity. Beta co-efficients were derived based on a multiple logistic regression analysis using undiagnosed diabetes as the dependent variable. The beta co-efficients were modified so as to obtain a maximum possible score of 100. Receiver Operating Characteristic [ROC] curves were constructed to identify the optimum value of IDRS for detecting diabetes by WHO consulting group criteria. Area under the curve for ROC was 0.698 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.663-0.733). An IDRS value > or = 60 had the optimum sensitivity (72.5%) and specificity (60.1%) for determining undiagnosed diabetes with a positive predictive value of 17.0%, negative predictive value of 95.1%, and accuracy of 61.3%. CONCLUSION This simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score is useful for identifying undiagnosed diabetic subjects in India and could make screening programmes more cost effective.
O FLAVONOIDE QUERCETINA PROTEGE ANIMAIS DO DANO NEURONAL CAUSADO POR ISQUEMIA CEREBRAL: FOCO NA TERAPIA ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIA E ANTIOXIDANTE

O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) atinge a atividade funcional cerebral. É a segunda maior causa de morte no mundo e uma das principais causas de internações e mortalidades no Brasil. Dentre 16 milhões de pessoas acometidas por AVE, cerca de 6 milhões morrem todos os anos vítimas desta doença, sendo registradas 68 mil mortes anuais somente no Brasil. É causado por restrição de irrigação sanguínea ao cérebro, consequentemente, acontece falta de oxigênio e glicose local. O resultado desse evento é a morte neuronal. Objetiva-se nesse trabalho, conhecer as propriedades neuroprotetoras do flavonoide quercetina sobre o dano neuronal e déficits de memória em animais isquemiados, bem como, conhecer os métodos utilizados para os devidos fins de pesquisa. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica em artigos científicos obtidos no PubMed. Dentre os compostos promissores na terapia neuroprotetora, tem-se os flavonoides. Dentre eles, destaca-se a quercetina, molécula que tem apresentado atividades anti-inflamatórias e antioxidantes. Esse flavonoideé encontrado abundantemente na maçã, cebola e no chá verde. A quercetina mostrou reduzir a morte cerebral e os déficits de memória espacial de animais submetidos a dano cerebral induzido por isquemia experimental. Verificou-se que a quercetina promoveu a redução de citocinas próinflamatórias e o aumento das citocinas anti-inflamatórias, bem como, atenuou radicais livres. Por meio desses resultados, pode-se concluir que a quercetina possui propriedades neuroprotetoras, e esse efeito está, pelo menos em parte, relacionado a suas propriedades antioxidantes e antiinflamatórias.
Regional variability of colonocyte growth and differentiation in the rat

The location of stem cells and the direction of colonocyte migration in the normal rat colonic crypt were investivageted using a serial bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and [3H]thymidine labeling protocol. The results demonstrate that in the distal colon the stem cells are located in the crypt base and that cells migrate up toward the luminal surface. In the proximal colon, however, the stem cells are located in the midcrypt, and the colonocytes migrate in two directions, up toward the luminal surface and down toward the crypt base. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making sense of the Legendre transform

The Legendre transform is a powerful tool in theoretical physics and plays an important role in classical mechanics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics. In typical undergraduate and graduate courses the motivation and elegance of the method are often missing, unlike the treatments frequently enjoyed by Fourier transforms. We review and modify the presentation of Legendre transforms in a way that explicates the formal mathematics, resulting in manifestly symmetric equations, thereby clarifying the structure of the transform. We then discuss examples to motivate the transform as a way of choosing independent variables that are more easily controlled. We demonstrate how the Legendre transform arises naturally from statistical mechanics and show how the use of dimensionless thermodynamic potentials leads to more natural and symmetric relations.
Permanent magnets thermal operation limits in a hybrid excited synchronous machine used on wide speed applications

In variable speed drives thermal phenomena interfere with electromagnetic ones. Moreover, when it comes to electrical machines excited through permanent magnets (PMs), beside the common problems related to the stator winding insulation damage (at high levels of current densities) and mechanical stress (due to centrifugal forces while high speed is attempted) a supplementary issue appears: the PM irreversible demagnetization risk, since its operating point varies with the temperature. The goal of this paper is to discuss on the thermal safe operation limits of a hybrid excited synchronous machine (HESM). Analytical calculation, numerical computation through finite element method (FEM), accompanied by tests, will reveal the behavior of the proposed machine and will validate the applied design procedure in terms of safe operation.
Sarcoidosis: Unknown Etiology and Genetic Predisposition Provides Therapeutic

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem disorder characterized by noncaseating epithelioid granulomas predominately affecting lungs and lymph nodes, but with potential to affect any organ system. Sarcoidosis shares similarities in development to other infectious granulomatous diseases, such as berylliosis and tuberculosis; however, its elusive etiology and non-distinctive histology have provided many diagnostic challenges. Evidence of a transferrable antigen combined with a high incidence rate in the lungs has focused efforts primarily on antigens with airborne transmissibility. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Propionibacterium acnes have provided strong associations to implicate each as a contributor to sarcoidosis pathogenesis, detection challenges remain and consensus of a definitive antigen is lacking.
Neurolytic effects of ampicillin on the rat infraorbital nerve.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the histomorphological changes of the infraorbital nerve of rats treated with ampicillin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The infraorbital nerve was approached through the infraorbital foramen, and 0.01 ml of ampicillin dissolved in distilled water was injected taking care not to damage the nerve. Saline solution was used in control animals. Nerves were dissected and after routine histology processing analysed by light microscopy. RESULTS Cross-section of the nerve treated with ampicillin showed damaged axons with disintegration of heavily myelinated fibres, while thinly myelinated fibres remain unaffected. In the saline group, no damage was observed. The signs of regeneration of the damaged infraorbital nerves were detected on the fourth post-operative week. CONCLUSION Ampicillin can cause peripheral nerve damage when injected perineurally.
Improving Statistical Natural Language Translation with Categories and Rules

This paper describes an all level approach on statistical natural language translation (SNLT). Without any predefined knowledge the system learns a statistical translation lexicon (STL), word classes (WCs) and translation rules (TRs) from a parallel corpus thereby producing a generalized form of a word alignment (WA). The translation process itself is realized as a beam search. In our method example-based techniques enter an overall statistical approach leading to about 50 percent correctly translated sentences applied to the very ditficult EnglishGerman VERBMOBIL spontaneous speech corpus. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n In SNLT the transfer itself is realized as a maximization process of the form rI~'ans(d) = argmax c P(eld) (1) tIere d is a given source language (SL) sentence which has to be translated into a target language (TL) sentence e. In order to model the distributions P(e[d) all approaches in SNLT use a "divide and conquer" strategy of approximating P (e ld ) by a combination of simpler models. The problem is to reduce parameters in a sufficient way but end up with a model still able to describe the linguistic facts of natural language translation. The work presented here uses two approximations for P(e ld ). One approximation is used for to gain the relevant parameters in training while a modified formula is subject of decoding translations. In detail, we impose the following modifications with respect to approaches published in the last decade: 1. A refined distance weight for the STL probabilities is used which allows for a good modeling of tile effects caused by syntactic phrases. 2. In order to account for collocations a WA technique is used, where oneto-n and n-to-one WAs are allowed. 3. For the translation WCs are used which are coilstrutted using clustering techniques, where the STL forms a part of the optimization criterion. 4. A set of TRs is learned mapping sequences of SL WCs to sequences of TL WCs. Throughout the paper the four topics above are described in more detail. Finally we report on experimental results produced on the VERBMOBIL corpus. 2 L e a r n i n g o f t h e T r a n s l a t i o n
Transforming Microfinance Institutions: What about the poorest in Africa?

In this paper we try to identify if the transformation of MFIs is associated with the "mission drift"? Specifically, considering that commercialization is characterized by sustainability, competition, and regulation, we evaluate its effect on the average size of loans provided and on the percentage of women borrowers. The empirical study is based on the OLS method from 96 MFIs operating in 22 African countries in 2005-2008, to study the impact of commercialization of MFIs on the average loan size and the percentage of women borrowers by groups of clients served. The results indicate that competition favor targeting the poorest and increase significantly access to cheaper and better microfinance services particularly for women. Whereas, viability is in favor of the mission drift of the MFIs no matter what the category of served clientele is. Finally, regulated MFIs lend increasingly fewer loans to women borrowers and hence deviate from their mission of serving the poor clients.
Childbirth and the development of acute trauma symptoms: incidence and contributing factors.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between women's birthing experiences and the development of trauma symptoms. This study aimed to determine the incidence of acute trauma symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder in women as a result of their labor and birth experiences, and to identify factors that contributed to the women's psychological distress. METHOD Using a prospective, longitudinal design, women in their last trimester of pregnancy were recruited from four public hospital antenatal clinics. Telephone interviews with 499 participants were conducted at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum to explore the medical and midwifery management of the birth, perceptions of intrapartum care, and the presence of trauma symptoms. RESULTS One in three women (33%) identified a traumatic birthing event and reported the presence of at least three trauma symptoms. Twenty-eight women (5.6%) met DSM-IV criteria for acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Antenatal variables did not contribute to the development of acute or chronic trauma symptoms. The level of obstetric intervention experienced during childbirth (beta = 0.351, p < 0.0001) and the perception of inadequate intrapartum care (beta = 0.319, p < 0.0001) during labor were consistently associated with the development of acute trauma symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth is a poorly recognized phenomenon. Women who experienced both a high level of obstetric intervention and dissatisfaction with their intrapartum care were more likely to develop trauma symptoms than women who received a high level of obstetric intervention or women who perceived their care to be inadequate. These findings should prompt a serious review of intrusive obstetric intervention during labor and delivery, and the care provided to birthing women.
Coordination du réglage de la fréquence entre plusieurs systèmes électriques non-synchrones reliés par un réseau à courant continu haute tension.

Cette these se focalise sur le probleme du controle des flux de puissance entre plusieurs systemes electriques AC non-synchrones relies par un reseau a courant continu (DC). Elle propose trois schemas de commande afin de permettre aux sous-systemes de partager leurs efforts de reglage de la frequence et reduire ainsi le besoin de reserves propres et les couts associes. A partir des mesures des frequences de toutes les zones, le premier schema de commande modifie les puissances injectees par chaque zone AC vers le reseau DC, de maniere a faire reagir le systeme collectivement a des desequilibres de charge. Cette reaction collective permet a chaque zone AC de reduire sa propre reserve primaire. Le deuxieme schema de commande a le meme objectif que le premier, mais il agit sur les tensions continues des convertisseurs HVDC. En particulier, il modifie la tension continue de chaque convertisseur en fonction de la deviation de frequence de la zone AC a laquelle il est connecte. Le dernier schema de commande vise a retablir les frequences et les echanges de puissance a leurs valeurs nominales et prevues, respectivement, a la suite d'un desequilibre. Il peut etre combine avec les deux autres schemas de commande. Des etudies theoriques demontrent les proprietes de stabilite des trois schemas de commande. Les resultats de simulation sur un reseau electrique de reference avec cinq zones AC illustrent leur bonne performance.
N‐myc is frequently activated by proviral insertion in MuLV‐induced T cell lymphomas.

We report a new common proviral insertion site in murine leukemia virus‐induced T cell lymphomas to be N‐myc. Proviral activation of N‐myc was found in 35% of independently induced primary tumors. The vast majority of the proviral insertions occur within a small segment of the 3′‐untranslated region of the N‐myc gene, directly downstream of the protein‐encoding domain. This results in an increased level of expression of a truncated N‐myc mRNA. Together with the previously shown c‐myc activation we now find involvement of myc genes in greater than 75% of the primary T cell lymphomas induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus in C57BL10 and BALB/c mice, and show for the first time that N‐myc can be over‐expressed by a mechanism other than gene amplification.
Evolving methods in genetic epidemiology. III. Gene-environment interaction in epidemiologic research.

Genetic epidemiology is increasingly focused on the study of common diseases with both genetic and environmental determinants. The concept of geneenvironment interaction is becoming a central theme in epidemiologic studies that assess causes of human disease in populations (1). Advances in genetic technology and the work of the Human Genome Project will make it easier for the study of gene-environment interaction to become an integral part of epidemiologic research. In this presentation, we will review the epidemiologic concepts and definitions applied to die study of gene-environment interaction in epidemiologic research and give an overview of both the traditional and emerging approaches to such research.
Detection of forests using mid-IR reflectance: an application for aerosol studies

The detection of dark, dense vegetation is an important step in the remote sensing of aerosol loading. Current methods that employ the red (0.64 /spl mu/m) and the near-IR (0.84 /spl mu/m) regions are unsatisfactory in that the presence of aerosols in the scene distorts the apparent reflectance in the visible and near-IR ranges of the spectrum. The mid-IR spectral region is also sensitive to vegetation due to the absorption of liquid water in the foliage, but is not sensitive to the presence of most aerosols (except for dust). Therefore, mid-IR channels on the AVHRR and EOS-MODIS (e.g., the 3.75 /spl mu/m or the 3.95 /spl mu/m channels) have a unique potential for the remote sensing of dark, dense vegetation, particularly in the presence of biomass burning smoke or industrial/urban haze. The reflective part of the 3.75 /spl mu/m channel (/spl rho//sub 3.75/) is applied to images of the AVHRR over the eastern United States. This channel was found to be correlated to reflectance at 0.64 /spl mu/m (/spl rho//sub 0.64/), less sensitive to haze than the visible channel and superior to both the 0.64 /spl mu/m reflectance and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to determine forest pixels in an image. However, its application to monitor the seasonal evolution of vegetation is presently questionable. For the purpose of the remote sensing of aerosol over dark, dense vegetation, it is proposed that the dark, dense vegetation be determined from /spl rho//sub 3.75/ >
Defects and syndromes in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation

Increased fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation is a common phenotypic expression of fetal chromosomal defects, structural abnormalities and genetic syndromes. This study reports on the prevalence of structural abnormalities and genetic syndromes in 4116 chromosomally normal pregnancies with increased fetal nuchal translucency thickness and reviews the relevant literature. In fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness, the prevalence of major cardiac defects, diaphragmatic hernia, exomphalos, body stalk anomaly and fetal akinesia deformation sequence is substantially higher than expected in the general population. In addition, there may be an association between increased nuchal translucency thickness and a wide range of rare skeletal dysplasias and genetic syndromes that are usually found in less than one in 10 000 pregnancies; however, the number of affected cases, both in the present and in previous series of fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness, is too small for definite conclusions to be drawn. The rates of miscarriage and perinatal death increase, whereas the rate of survival and the prevalence of live births with no obvious abnormalities decrease with increasing nuchal translucency thickness. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prophylactic low-dose hydrocortisone treatment increases the rate of survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants

Commentary on: Baud O, Maury L, Ramful D, et al. Effect of early low-dose hydrocortisone on survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants (PREMILOC): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet 2016;387:1827–36[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth, with a reported incidence of 40% in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks gestation). 1 BPD is associated with an increased risk of long-term pulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity.2 The corticosteroid dexamethasone reduces the risk of BPD in preterm infants, but its use has been discouraged due to the risk for short-term (gastrointestinal perforation) and long-term (cerebral palsy) adverse effects.3 The corticosteroid hydrocortisone has been suggested as a safe and effective alternative for dexamethasone but, to date, studies comparing hydrocortisone to placebo have … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.volume%253D387%26rft.spage%253D1827%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252816%252900202-6%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26916176%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00202-6&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=26916176&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F5%2F177.atom
Invariance of the fine structure constant with temperature of the expanding universe

Our goal is to interpret the energy equation from doubly special relativity of Magueijo–Smolin with an invariant Planck energy scale to obtain the speed of light with an explicit dependence on the background temperature of the expanding universe (Nassif and de Faria. Phys. Rev. D, 86, 027703 (2012). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.86. 027703). We also investigate how other universal constants, including the fine structure constant, have varied since the early universe and, thus, how they have evolved over the cosmological time related to the temperature of the expanding universe. For instance, we show that both the Planck constant and the electron charge were also too large in the early universe. However, we finally conclude that the fine structure constant has remained invariant with the age and temperature of the universe, which is in agreement with laboratory tests and some observational data.
Telepharmacotherapy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Patients.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to review and discuss the status of telepsychiatry practice, particularly as applied to treating children and adolescents with psychotropic medications, which is termed "telepharmacotherapy. " METHODS The literature pertinent to telepsychiatry practice is reviewed, followed by a presentation of the challenges to implementing telepharmacotherapy, potential solutions, current controversies, and future directions, combining insights from the literature with the authors' own experiences. RESULTS Telepsychiatry services for children and adolescents are expanding, and provide needed pharmacotherapy for patients who are underserved by available resources. The evidence base supporting the effectiveness of telepsychiatry practice and telepharmacotherapy is still emerging, and consists mainly of feasibility and satisfaction studies with limited outcome data. Although a number of challenges to this mode of care delivery currently exist, the authors outline potential solutions for those challenges that are consistent with existing guidelines for clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Telepsychiatry appears to be a feasible and satisfactory alternative to in-person care, and a valid option for increasing access to psychopharmacotherapy for children and adolescents. Although the evidence base is still emerging, and practitioners may face a number of challenges, solutions are presented that may help to overcome those challenges.
feSO : Um Sistema Operacional Para Fins Educativos

Sistemas operacionais sao um componente chave em um sistema computacional. Por isso, e importante para estudantes de computacao obter um entendimento mais profundo sobre o funcionamento desse tipo de sistema. O sistema feSO foi desenvolvido no intuito de fornecer aos estudantes um SO simplificado e funcional, que possa ser usado como ferramenta de aprendizado. Neste artigo, sao descritos aspectos principais da arquitetura e estrutura do sistema feSO, permitindo que professores e alunos possam estuda-lo e modificado de acordo com suas necessidades.