Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Under What Conditions Can Recursion Be Learned? Effects of Starting Small in Artificial Grammar Learning of Center‐Embedded Structure

Abstract It has been suggested that external and/or internal limitations paradoxically may lead to superior learning, that is, the concepts of starting small and less is more (Elman, 1993; Newport, 1990). In this paper, we explore the type of incremental ordering during training that might help learning, and what mechanism explains this facilitation. We report four artificial grammar learning experiments with human participants. In Experiments 1a and 1b we found a beneficial effect of starting small using two types of simple recursive grammars: right‐branching and center‐embedding, with recursive embedded clauses in fixed positions and fixed length. This effect was replicated in Experiment 2 (N = 100). In Experiment 3 and 4, we used a more complex center‐embedded grammar with recursive loops in variable positions, producing strings of variable length. When participants were presented an incremental ordering of training stimuli, as in natural language, they were better able to generalize their knowledge of simple units to more complex units when the training input “grew” according to structural complexity, compared to when it “grew” according to string length. Overall, the results suggest that starting small confers an advantage for learning complex center‐embedded structures when the input is organized according to structural complexity.
Biomechanical Comparison between Fusion , TDR and Dynamic Stabilization

Introduction For the treatment of many degenerative disc diseases of the cervical spine, spinal fusion still represents the standard treatment. However, long term clinical studies have shown evidence of an increased incidence of pathologies in the adjacent levels [1,2,3]. More specifically, an increased mobility and increased intradiscal pressure (IDP) in the adjacent segments after a cervical fusion were observed in biomechanical studies [4,5,6]. As an alternative to spinal fusion, more motion-preserving intervertebral disc-prostheses have been developed which permit some retained mobility in the affected level. Aim of the this study was to biomechanically compare cervical fusion, total disc replacement and dynamic stabilization with regards to kinematic parameters, as well as their influence on the adjacent levels.
An Architecture to Securely Enrich and Distribute MP 3 over the Internet

On-line music distributors are hesitant to release music in MP3 format, as this standard is an open-format and piracy of copyrighted music may be facilitated. Instead, they prefer to use proprietary formats and proprietary DRM systems. Users do not like this approach, as it limits the emusic flexibility without giving any benefit. In this paper we propose an alternative that enables vendors to securely distribute open-formats and users to have benefits from using legal media copies. In particular, we propose to securely enrich and distribute MP3 files with multimedia contents and to adopt security mechanisms transparent to users to protect vendors’ rights. No restriction is set on the MP3 audio play out, but only a legitimate MP3 owner can use both audio and multimedia contents; a non legitimate MP3 owner can still enjoy the audio portion, but no more than that. This way, users are stimulated to avoid music piracy.
Are Meta-Paths Necessary?: Revisiting Heterogeneous Graph Embeddings

The graph embedding paradigm projects nodes of a graph into a vector space, which can facilitate various downstream graph analysis tasks such as node classification and clustering. To efficiently learn node embeddings from a graph, graph embedding techniques usually preserve the proximity between node pairs sampled from the graph using random walks. In the context of a heterogeneous graph, which contains nodes from different domains, classical random walks are biased towards highly visible domains where nodes are associated with a dominant number of paths. To overcome this bias, existing heterogeneous graph embedding techniques typically rely on meta-paths (i.e., fixed sequences of node types) to guide random walks. However, using these meta-paths either requires prior knowledge from domain experts for optimal meta-path selection, or requires extended computations to combine all meta-paths shorter than a predefined length. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution that does not involve any meta-path. Specifically, we propose JUST, a heterogeneous graph embedding technique using random walks with JUmp and STay strategies to overcome the aforementioned bias in an more efficient manner. JUST can not only gracefully balance between homogeneous and heterogeneous edges, it can also balance the node distribution over different domains (i.e., node types). By conducting a thorough empirical evaluation of our method on three heterogeneous graph datasets, we show the superiority of our proposed technique. In particular, compared to a state-of-the-art heterogeneous graph embedding technique Hin2vec, which tries to optimally combine all meta-paths shorter than a predefined length, our technique yields better results in most experiments, with a dramatically reduced embedding learning time (about 3x speedup).
Customer retention management processes: A quantitative study

Purpose – Customer retention has been a significant topic since the mid‐1990s, but little research has been conducted into management processes that are associated with excellent customer retention performance. This research investigates the associations between customer retention outcomes and a number of management processes including customer retention planning, budgeting and accountability and the presence of a documented complaints‐handling process.Design/methodology/approach – This is carried out using a quantitative survey of 170 companies in Australia. Participants represented all major standard industrial classification (SIC) codes.Findings – It was found that excellence at customer retention is positively and significantly associated with the presence of documented complaints‐handling processes. None of the other variables is significantly associated with the dependent variable.Research limitations/implications – This research has limited generalisability to other regions and the self‐report natu.
Approximating Edit Distance within Constant Factor in Truly Sub-Quadratic Time

Edit distance is a measure of similarity of two strings based on the minimum number of character insertions, deletions, and substitutions required to transform one string into the other. The edit distance can be computed exactly using a dynamic programming algorithm that runs in quadratic time. Andoni, Krauthgamer and Onak (2010) gave a nearly linear time algorithm that approximates edit distance within approximation factor poly(log n). In this paper, we provide an algorithm with running time Õ(n^2-2/7) that approximates the edit distance within a constant factor.
Photoassimilate allocation and dynamics of hotspots in roots visualized by 14C phosphor imaging

Understanding photoassimilate allocation into the roots and the release of organic substances from the roots into the rhizosphere is an important prerequisite for characterizing the belowground C input, the spatial and temporal distribution of C, and the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. Based on 14C phosphor imaging, we visualized the allocation of assimilates into Lolium perenne roots and estimated the life time of hotspots at the root tips. Lolium shoots were labeled in a 14CO2 atmosphere, and herbariums of roots and shoots were prepared 6 h, 2 d, and 11 d after the 14C pulse. The 14C distribution in roots and leaves revealed that pulse labeling does not yield homogeneously labeled plant material. The spatial distribution of assimilate allocation was evaluated based on the 14C specific activity expressed as digital light units (DLUmm–2) of the imaging plates. Areas with high relative 14C activity were classified as hotspots. Strong 14C hotspots were detected mainly at the root tips already 6 h after the 14C assimilation, and they remained active for at least 2 d. Eleven days after the 14C assimilation, the hotspots at the root tips disappeared and the 14C distribution was much more even than after 6 h or after 2 d. 14C phosphor imaging proved to be a promising tool to visualize the allocation of photoassimilates into the roots and the rhizosphere and can be used to identify hotspots and their dynamics.
Morpho-agronomic analysis of three roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) mutants in tropical Malaysia

Conventional hybridization in roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is difficult due to its cleistogamous nature of reproduction. To overcome this limitation, an intensive mutation breeding program using different doses of gamma radiation was conducted. In total, five generation of three mutants were developed from the variety ‘Arab’. A number of Morpho-agronomic and physico-chemical characteristics including plant height, canopy diameter, number of branches per plant, number of fruits per branch, number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant, weight of fresh calyx per plant, weight of dry calyx per plant, weight of capsule per plant of these mutants of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), designated UKMR-1, UKMR-2 and UKMR-3, were evaluated in tropical environment of Malaysia. Significant differences were observed in morpho-agronomic characters in these three mutants. UKMR-2 showed better performance for weight of fruits per plant (2170.7 g) and weight of fresh calyx per plant (1408.4 g); whereas for number of fruits per branch, number of fruits per plant and weight of capsule per plant UKMR-3 showed better performance. The life cycle of mutants was shorter and their lodging resistant was significantly higher compared to their parents and local check.
Collaboration: Taking Risks Inside and Outside the Classroom

from the combination of a physics teacher's desire for a course based on a summer program at sea and a writing center director/teacher's longing for the ocean from the mountains of Tennessee. Through the design and team teaching processes of this Oceans class, we included our students in the collaboration. The result, sometimes unexpected, enriched the experience. We began collaborating ten years ago when Michael walked into the school's writing center looking for Pam's help designing a research writing activity for his physics students. Over the years, our collaborative efforts have expanded to include writing-to-learn, writing for real audiences, and research writing activities for biology and chemistry classes. We also worked together on numerous presentations, workshops, articles, and chapters in books. Through these experiences, we have concluded that collaboration is a big risk and a great reward for both student and teacher learning. When we wrote the proposal for Oceans as a senior science course, we started to realize risks we had never before envisioned: How would students respond to such a new course? Would administrators agree to release time for both of us to teach the course? Did everyone understand the concept of team teaching rather than one teacher in the room one day and the other there the next? Would students be willing to work hard in an elective course? What would be our focus?
Choosing Wisely Campaign – Innovations in Cardiovascular Science and The United States Healthcare System

The United States (US) is the third most expensive health care system in the world, but despite that, the US ranked last in the top 50 countries of the world when it comes to the performance measures, such as healthcare efficiency, life expectancy, health care costs, and gross domestic product (GDP) percentage. The spending health care cost keeps increasing and most of the healthcare costs go to waste. Due to this reason, it is therefore extremely important to focus on improving the quality and to bring the costs in appropriate control. To avoid this issue, the Choosing Wisely Campaign (CWC) came into being in 2012. The CWC encourages discussions between providers and patients regarding the care based on the evidence base, free from harm, duplicative or redundant tests/procedures that the patient already received, and whether medications, tests, or procedures are really necessary. Although diagnostic tests or procedures are highly valued for decision-making, unnecessary testing creates harmful health services and an economic impact on the healthcare system. The CWC has spread widely throughout the world but has many challenges which are limiting the CWC in further adoption and spread in the US. To overcome challenges in implementing and spreading the CWC, the government, physicians, social media, and mass media play an important role.
EVALUATION OF NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF VIGNA MUNGO LINN . ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN MICE *

Memory loss is universal and is the first symptom to manifest in majority of the patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. This study is designed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Vigna mungo Linn. , on learning and memory in mice. Learning and memory were evaluated using Elevated plus maze, YMaze and Morris Water Maze after the oral administration of two safe doses (200 mg\kg and 400 mg\kg) of ethanolic extract of Vigna mungo Linn. , Piracetam is used as standard in all studies. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity (Ellman method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH Radical scavenging activity) were also estimated. Ethanolic extract of Vigna mungo Linn. , produced significant improvement in memory score i.e. Escape latency in Morris Water Maze (P<0.001), % alternations in Y-Maze (P<0.001) and dose dependent improvement of transfer latency in Elevated Plus Maze model (P<0.001), Dose dependent inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (P<0.05) and significant improvement in antioxidant levels were also noted. Memory enhancing potential of Vigna mungo Linn. , can be attributed to its anti Acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant properties. Hence, dietary usage of Vigna mungo Linn. , is beneficial and can also be employed as an adjuvant to existing anti-dementia therapies.
Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients: Topic Review

Nausea and vomiting are known side effects for cancer therapy. The prevalence is around 40-80%. The level of emetoginicity varies based on different factors. The potential receptors involved in emesis pathway are dopamine receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors and neurokinin receptors. The main guidelines for prevention of nausea and vomiting are ASCO, NCCN, MASCC/ESMO. These guidelines recommend three antiemetic drugs for highly emetic chemotherapy and two antiemetic drugs for moderately emetic chemotherapy. While for low risk regimens single antiemetic might be used and for minimal risk regimens antiemetic is not routinely recommended. Non pharmacological therapy might be considered as well. There are different tools for assessment of nausea and vomiting such as EORTC-QLQ-C30 and FACT-G. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) tool individually address both acute and delayed nausea and vomiting, available in different languages and has iPhone/iPad application. Proper prevention of this side effect is highly recommended to improve patient quality of life, to avoid further complications as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and to ensure continuation of treatment plan.
Visual Features for Information Retrieval

Most modern search engines use Learning to Rank methods for search result ranking. These methods function on the basis of features, extracted from the data. In most cases, these features are based on the text content of the web page. However, recently it was proposed, that the exploitation of a documents visual information can benefit Learning To Rank (LTR). These visual features were used in combination with the text features to improve the feedback for the user. One problem in using the text features is that they rely on handcrafted formulas. A more intuitive solution would be to reproduce the features in a visual manner, and use the spatial information extracted from a webpage for learning and prediction. Such a approach would allow to create a model which depends only on visual information, without the use of handcrafted formulas and heuristics.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis in a Patient With Recurrent Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Mucormycosis infection is an often fatal complication of chronic immunosuppressive therapy in patients with hematological malignancies. This risk can be further heightened in patients who are on chronic suppressive therapy with voriconazole. We review a case of an immunocompromised patient on chronic suppressive voriconazole therapy who developed severe pulmonary mucormycosis infection.
Bubble and Heat Transfer Phenomena in Viscous Slurry Bubble Column

Heat transfer and bubble phenomena were investigated by adopting the drift flux model in a viscous slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR), having a diameter of 0.0508 m(ID) and height 1.5 m. The effects of superficial gas velocity (0.002 -0.164 m/s), solid concentration (0 - 20 wt%) and liquid viscosity (paraffin oil; 16.9 mPa•s and squalane; 25.9 mPa•s) on the gas holdup and heat transfer characteristics were examined. It was observed that the gas holdup increased with increasing superficial gas velocity (UG), but decreased with increasing solid concentration (SC) or slurry viscosity. The degree of non-uniformity in a SBCR could be determined by the modified drift flux model at the heterogeneous flow regime. The local heat transfer coefficient (h) between the immersed heater and the bed decreased with increasing liquid viscosity and SC, but it increased with increasing UG. The modified Nusselt number including the gas holdup and local heat transfer coefficient was well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups such as Reynolds and Prandtl numbers.
Impact of Infant Feeding Methods on the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder

There is strong and convincing evidence that infant ’ s sensory stimulation, which is associ- ated with breastfeeding, contributes significantly to the infant ’ s neurodevelopment. Our study compared the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children who were breastfed, given breast milk through a bottle (breast-milk fed), or formula-fed. We reported significant association of ASD in children who were formula-fed from birth or weaned early from the breast. The statistical data revealed that increasing the duration of breastfeeding resulted in a decrease in prevalence of ASD. The odds ratio of a child not having autism was 0.27, 0.93, and 6.67 for breastfeeding for less than 6, 6 – 12, or longer than 12 months, respectively. There is significant evidence that this association is mediated by the ingredients of the breast milk and infant ’ s endogenous oxytocin. Oxytocin is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and we postulate that oxytocin may increase neuro- plasticity, synaptic connections, and alter ASD genes ’ expression. Animal experiments and imaging studies demonstrate the central role of oxytocin in maternal love and bonding. Currently, there are no specific treatments for patients diagnosed with autism; therefore, it is imperative to identify the risk factors that contribute to the development of ASD. In this communication, we demonstrate that lack of breastfeeding is highly associated with ASD development in children with genetic susceptibility.
Unsupervised Pattern Classifier for Abnormality-Scaling of Vibration Features for Helicopter Gearbox Fault Diagnosis

A new unsupervised pattern classifier is introduced foron-line detection of abnormality in features of vibrationthat are used for fault diagnosis of helicopter gearboxes.This classifier compares vibration features with theirrespective normal values and assigns them a value in[0, 1] to reflect their degree of abnormality. Therefore,the salient feature of this classifier is that it does notrequire feature values associated with faulty cases toidentify abnormality. In order to cope with noise andchanges in the operating conditions, an adaptationalgorithm is incorporated that continually updates thenormal values of the features. The proposed classifieris tested using experimental vibration features obtainedfrom an OH-58A main rotor gearbox. The overallperformance of this classifier is then evaluated byintegrating the abnormality-scaled featares for detectionof faults. The fault detection results indicate that theperformance of this classifier is comparable to theleading unsupervised neural networks: Kohonen's Fea-ture Mapping and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART2). This is significant considering that the independence ofthis classifier from fault-related features makes ituniquely suited to abnormality-scaling of vibrationfeatures for fault diagnosis.Keywords: Condition monitoring; Diagnostics; Gear-box; Vibration
Interfacial Properties of Loblolly Pine Bonded with Epoxy/Wood Pyrolysis Bio-oil Blended System

The bonding interface of loblolly pine veneers cured with epoxy/wood pyrolysis bio-oil resins was studied. The shear strength of the adhered strands was calculated to examine the effect of bio-oil addition on epoxy resin performance. The chemical structure, curing behavior, and microstructure were investigated to analyze the interaction between wood substrate and resins. Results showed that the strength of pine wood-resin joints gradually decreased as more bio-oil was added. However, this effect was not apparent when the substitution rate was lower than 30%. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that complex chemical reactions take place between wood constituents and epoxy/bio-oil resins involved in the cross-linking at the interface. The reaction degree of -OH and C-O-C functional groups plays a key role in regulating the bonding stress of the wood bond line. The addition of bio-oil accelerated the polycondensation cross-linking process, resulting in a decreased cure temperature. SEM and optical microscopy showed that the epoxy/bio-oil resin formed gel nails in the pit and tracheid gaps, leading to the closing of the capillaries of the wood’s cell walls and the colloidal interface extending into the timber micro-capillary system.
La autoeficacia y su relación con la salud psicosocial ocupacional en médicos de urgencias hospitalarias

In recent years, special attention is paid to the role of self-efficacy on occupational health in different professions, with few studies on physicians. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and well-being variables and labor unrest starting from a previous theoretical model. The sample was composed by 117 physicians of Hospital Emergency Services (HES) in Alicante, 54.8 % male, composed the sample. The response rate was 71.8 % (n = 84). We administered Emotional Exhaustion and Cynicism Scales of MBI-GS and Vigor and Dedication Scales of UWES as a measure of unrest and welfare. The General Self-Efficacy Scale was administered to measure self-efficacy. Descriptive analyzes are conducted and confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirm the theoretical model proposed and the relationships between variables. Self-efficacy beliefs predict wellbeing and discomfort experienced by HES physicians.
Improved Signal Interpretation using Mini Electrodes during Ablation of Right Atrial Arrhythmia in Structural and Congenital Heart Disease

Catheter ablation is a routine management strategy for cavotricuspid isthmusdependent intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia. Patients with structural heart disease commonly have re-entrant circuits that do not involve the cavotricuspid isthmus, and can be more challenging to cure with catheter ablation. We illustrate the advantages of catheter ablation of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia in these patients using a novel catheter that has mini electrodes within the ablation tip.