Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Costs and benefits of different strategies to screen for cervical cancer in less-developed countries.

BACKGROUND About 80% of cervical cancers occur in less-developed countries. This disproportionate burden of cervical cancer in such countries is due mainly to the lack of well-organized screening programs. Several cervical cancer screening strategies have been proposed as more cost-effective than cytology screening. We compared the costs and benefits of different strategies and their effectiveness in saving lives in a less-developed country. METHODS We used a population-based simulation model to evaluate the incremental societal costs and benefits in Thailand of seven screening techniques, including visual inspection of the cervix after applying acetic acid (VIA), human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, Pap smear, and combinations of screening tests, and examined the discounted costs per year of life saved (LYS). RESULTS Compared with no (i.e., not well-organized) screening, all strategies saved lives, at costs ranging from 121 US dollars to 6720 US dollars per LYS, and reduced mortality, by up to 58%. Comparing each strategy with the next least expensive alternative, VIA performed at 5-year intervals in women of ages 35-55 with immediate treatment if abnormalities are found was the least expensive option and saved the greatest number of lives, with a cost of 517 US dollars per LYS. HPV screening resulted in similar costs and benefits, if the test cost is 5 US dollars and if 90% of women undergo follow-up after an abnormal screen. Cytology (Pap smear) was a reasonable alternative if sensitivity exceeds 80% and if 90% of women undergo follow-up. Compared with no screening, use of a combination of Pap smear and HPV testing at 5-year intervals in women of ages 20-70 could achieve greater than 90% reduction in cervical cancer mortality at a cost of 1683 US dollars per LYS, and VIA could achieve 83% reduction at 524 US dollars per LYS. CONCLUSIONS Well-organized screening programs can reduce cervical cancer mortality in less-developed countries at low costs. These cost-effectiveness data can enhance decision-making about optimal policies for a given setting.
Securing dynamic microgrid partition in the smart grid

Message authentication has vital significance for dynamic microgrid partition in smart grid. However, current message authentication protocols based on “public key infrastructure” are too complicated to be deployed in smart grid and lack group information management function. On the other hand, group information management protocols based on “logic key hierarchy” need to broadcast a lot of messages during microgrid partition processes, resulting in high communication costs. To address these issues, we present a novel identity-based message authentication protocol for dynamic microgrid partition called securing dynamic microgrid partition. Similar to the protocols of this field, securing dynamic microgrid partition can provide message authentication and group information management functions. However, compared to other well-known approaches, securing dynamic microgrid partition uses Bloom filter for managing group information, which can reduce the communication cost of logic key hierarchy significantly. Moreover, securing dynamic microgrid partition uses Lagrange interpolation for designing new identity-based signing and verification algorithms, which is simple to be deployed in smart grid environment and much more efficient than current identity-based protocols. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible for real-world applications.
Composition, Structure and Absorption of Milk Lipids: A Source of Energy, Fat-Soluble Nutrients and Bioactive Molecules

Milkfat is a remarkable source of energy, fat-soluble nutrients and bioactive lipids for mammals. The composition and content of lipids in milkfat vary widely among mammalian species. Milkfat is not only a source of bioactive lipid components, it also serves as an important delivery medium for nutrients, including the fat-soluble vitamins. Bioactive lipids in milk include triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phospholipids. Beneficial activities of milk lipids include anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppression properties. The major mammalian milk that is consumed by humans as a food commodity is that from bovine whose milkfat composition is distinct due to their diet and the presence of a rumen. As a result of these factors bovine milkfat is lower in polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher in saturated fatty acids than human milk, and the consequences of these differences are still being researched. The physical properties of bovine milkfat that result from its composition including its plasticity, make it a highly desirable commodity (butter) and food ingredient. Among the 12 major milk fatty acids, only three (lauric, myristic, and palmitic) have been associated with raising total cholesterol levels in plasma, but their individual effects are variable—both towards raising low-density lipoproteins and raising the level of beneficial high-density lipoproteins. The cholesterol-modifying response of individuals to consuming saturated fats is also variable, and therefore the composition, functions and biological properties of milkfat will need to be re-evaluated as the food marketplace moves increasingly towards more personalized diets.
Measurement of Splenic Stiffness as a Predictor of Oesophageal Varices in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in Zagazig University Hospitals

laboratory evaluation, BMI, splenic and liver stiffness measurement, upper GIT endoscopy. Splenic stiffness measurement repeated for patients who had varices after 6 months of pharmaco medical treatment. Results: Splenic stiffness was found to be higher in cirrhotic group than control group, splenic stiffness measurement was found to be higher in patients who had varices than no varices in cirrhotic patients, cut off of SSM for the presence of varices ≥39.5 kpa had AUROC 0.999, sensitivity 97.7%, specificity 96.9%, PPV 97.8% and NPV while LSM showed cut off value for presence of varices >22.5 kpa had AUROC 0.641 sensitivity 84.44%, specificity 60.61%, PPV 74.5% and NPV 74.1%. PSR showed cut of ≤657.7 had AUROC 0.855 sensitivity 95.56%, specificity 78.79%, PPV 86% and NPV 92.9%. APRI showed cut off >2.7 had AUROC 0.657 sensitivity 57.78, specificity 93.94%, PPV 92.9% and NPV 62%. There was highly significant difference in median SS in patients with large varices versus small varices (49.6vs 71.58 kpa with p<.0001) . SSM is not a useful tool for follow up of varices after pharmacological treatment with non selective beta-blockers (p=0.014). Conclusion: Fibroscan is a sensitive and reliable method for detection of esophageal varices. Splenic stiffness showed the best performance on detection of eosophageal varices, when compared to other non invasive predictors, PSR came in the 2nd place. Splenic stiffness measurement can differentiate
Relationship of Exposure to Clinically Irrelevant Emotion Cues and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

Research has highlighted the role of emotion regulation as a common factor underlying emotional disorders. The current study examined the relationship of emotion regulation skills to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Seven participants with a principal diagnosis of OCD in a multiple-baseline across subjects design were taught the skill of prevention of emotional avoidance in the context of emotion provocation procedures to clinically irrelevant (nonspecific) cues prior to practicing this skill with clinically relevant (OCD-specific) cues. Results suggested successful acquisition of emotion regulation skills (as evidenced by decreased thought suppression and increased acceptance of thoughts and feelings) in clinically irrelevant contexts. Acquisition of this skill was associated with decreases in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, even though clinically relevant cues were not introduced during this phase. Implementation of skills in clinically relevant contexts was associated with greater reductions in OCD symptoms. Discussion focuses on implications for emotion regulatory processes in the maintenance and treatment of emotional disorders.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Immunosuppressive Mechanism in Ovarian Cancer Patients: Progress and Challenges

Cancers are complex masses of malignant cells and nonmalignant cells that create the tumor microenvironment (TME). Non-transformed cells of the TME such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been observed in the TME of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Although these subsets may contribute to each step of carcinogenesis and are commonly associated with poor prognosis, still little is known about creation of the protumor microenvironment in OC. In this review, we focused on the nature and prognostic significance of TAMs and MDSCs in OC patients. Moreover, we discuss the main problems and challenges that must be overcome by researchers and clinicians to enrich our knowledge about the immunosuppressive microenvironment of cancers.
Turbulent jet manipulation using two unsteady azimuthally separated radial minijets

The active manipulation of a turbulent round jet is experimentally investigated based on the injection of two radial unsteady minijets, prior to the issue of the main jet. The parametric study is conducted for the mass flow ratio Cm of the minijets to the main jet, and the ratio fe/f0 of the minijet frequency to the preferred-mode frequency of the main jet. It is found that the decay rate of the jet centreline mean velocity could be greatly increased if the two minijets are separated azimuthally by an angle θ=60°, instead of by θ=180°. This increase is a consequence of the flapping motion of the jet column, and the formation process and generation mechanism of this flapping motion are unveiled by careful analysis of the experimental data.
Dynamic variable coupling analysis and modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for water and thermal management

Dynamic variable coupling analysis is an important tool to properly design a control structure for complex multivariable and multi-physique systems, such as fuel cells. Fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device which contains different inter-coupled dynamic phenomena in electrochemical, fluidic and thermal domains. Among those dynamic phenomena, the management of water and thermal dynamics play an important role to achieve the optimized fuel cell performance. In this paper, a control variable coupling analysis of fuel cell dynamic behaviors are presented and discussed based on a dynamic proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell model, which considers in particular the transient behaviors of membrane water content and cell temperature. Through the analysis based on the relative gain array (RGA) method, the effects of nonlinear coupling among different fuel cell control variables are shown. The analysis results can be used to optimize the controller design for fuel cell system.
Selected problems of classification of energy sourc es - What are renewable energy sources?

The contribution is dedicated to study of issues re lated to the classification of energy sources from the point of significance and interpretation accuracy. There are some aspects described and documented by examples that show the ambiguity of currently most used methods of dividing an energy source or their class ification respectively to generally exerted categor ies and identifications, where relevance and exactness are not clear, but it depends on spec ific conditions. However, such conditions are gener ally not included in the classifications. For analysis, mostly physical, technical, environme ntal, regional and time aspects were taken into acc ount. The increasing complexity of energy mixes, technologies, and legislative envi ronment naturally leads to the need of perceiving b roader aspects of reviewing and evaluation of individual sources. The correct iis a prerequisite for communication b etween specialists, public and mainly in the field of legislation, which enables influenc ing of the implementation of individual sources and technologies in practice, mainly by regulation and support from decision-making and control bodies, from regional up to the global leve l. The findings point out to the fact that the road to orientation within the issue leads through identification and evaluation of represent ation of typical characteristics of individual sources, which, in a particular conte xt lead to the classification of a source into a particular category. However, such position may be changed in time and place.
Comparisons of Lateral Transshipment with Emergency Order Policies

The retail industry has been puzzled by stock-outs for a long time. According to a study report from Supply Chain Digest January 20, 2009, averagely, “more than 1 in every 5 consumers (21.2%) coming into the door of Consumer Electronics retailers leaves without buying at least one product they intended to purchase due to out-of-stocks”. For example, Office Max has an out-of-stock rate of 30.6% and is losing $1.96 for every customer coming through their doors due to this reason.
Semi-Analytical Modeling of Short-Channel Effects in Si and Ge Symmetrical Double-Gate MOSFETs

A simple analytical expression of the 2-D potential distribution along the channel of silicon symmetrical double-gate (DG) MOSFETs in weak inversion is derived. The analytical solution of the potential distribution is compared with the numerical solution of the 2-D Poisson's equation in terms of the channel length L, the silicon thickness t Si, and the gate oxide thickness t OX. The obtained results show that the analytical solution describes, with good accuracy, the potential distribution along the channel at different positions from the gate interfaces for well-designed devices when the ratio of L/t Si is ges 2-3. Based on the 2-D extra potential induced in the silicon film due to short-channel effects (SCEs), a semi-analytical expression for the subthreshold drain current of short-channel devices is derived. From the obtained subthreshold characteristics, the extracted device parameters of the subthreshold slope, drain-induced barrier lowering, and threshold voltage are discussed. Application of the proposed model to devices with silicon replaced by germanium demonstrates that the germanium DG MOSFETs are more prone to SCEs.
Autoinhibition of serotonin cells: an intrinsic regulatory mechanism sensitive to the pattern of usage of the cells.

After periods of high-frequency firing, the normal rhythmically active serotonin (5HT)-containing neurosecretory neurons of the lobster ventral nerve cord display a period of suppressed spike generation and reduced synaptic input that we refer to as "autoinhibition. " The duration of this autoinhibition is directly related to the magnitude and duration of the current injection triggering the high-frequency firing. More interesting, however, is that the autoinhibition is inversely related to the initial firing frequency of these cells within their normal range of firing (0.5-3 Hz). This allows more active 5HT neurons to resume firing after shorter durations of inhibition than cells that initially fired at slower rates. Although superfused 5HT inhibits the spontaneous firing of these cells, the persistence of autoinhibition in saline with no added calcium, in cadmium-containing saline, and in lobsters depleted of serotonin suggests that intrinsic membrane properties account for the autoinhibition. A similar autoinhibition is seen in spontaneously active octopamine neurons but is absent from spontaneously active gamma-aminobutyric acid cells. Thus, this might be a characteristic feature of amine-containing neurosecretory neurons. The 5HT cells of vertebrate brain nuclei share similarities in firing frequencies, spike shapes, and inhibition by 5HT with the lobster cells that were the focus of this study. However, the mechanism suggested to underlie autoinhibition in vertebrate neurons is that 5HT released from activated or neighboring cells acts back on inhibitory autoreceptors that are found on the dendrites and cell bodies of these neurons.
Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

ABSTRACT Sleep is essential for optimal health in children and adolescents. Members of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine developed consensus recommendations for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in children and adolescents using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method. The recommendations are summarized here. A manuscript detailing the conference proceedings and the evidence supporting these recommendations will be published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
Analysis of deterioration of PET insulation with multiple voids due to electrical stressing

The insulation systems of high-voltage power cables and their accessories are subjected to different kinds of stresses during their service life and thus suffer degradation and deterioration. These can lead to a reduction of life which in turn can lower the reliability of electrical power systems. Therefore, a lot of research activities are being carried out to get a better understanding of the insulation degradation phenomena. Polymeric insulating materials with excellent electrical properties are widely used in electrical power equipment. They are degraded however when they are subjected to partial discharges (PD). Deterioration of polymeric dielectrics by Partial Discharge occurs at defects in an insulation system. The degree and rate of deterioration might vary depending on the type of defect present and also on the number and position of the defect in the insulation. The type of defect studied in this paper is the most common one — air voids present in insulation. The model void is created using layers of polymer, to allow well defined structures. To determine the changes to the surface of the voids as a result of the chemical processes produced by PD, the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum of the polymer specimens subjected to PD were examined.
Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of the Ducted Propeller Based on the Combination of Multi-Block Hybrid Mesh and Reynolds Stress Model

In order to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of the ducted propeller with high precision, this paper proposes a new method which combines Multi-Block Hybrid Mesh and Reynolds Stress Model (MBHM & RSM). The calculation errors of MBHM & RSM and standard two-equation model (standard k-e model) on the ducted propeller JD7704 +Ka4-55 are compared. The maximum error of the total thrust coefficient KT, the duct thrust coefficient KTN, the torque coefficient KQ and the open-water efficiency η0 of MBHM & RSM are 2.98%, 4.01%, 1.46%, and 0.89%, respectively, which are lower than those of standard k-e model. Indeed, the pressure distribution on the propeller surfaces, the pressure and the velocity vector distribution of the flow field are also analyzed, which are consistent with the theory. It is demonstrated that MBHM & RSM on the thruster dynamics analysis are feasible. This paper provides reference in the thruster designing of underwater robot.
Characteristics of InP / InGaAs based Heterojunction Phototransistor for Optoelectronic Mixer

Characteristics of InP/InGaAs based Heterojunction Phototransistor for Optoelectronic Mixer By Seung-Chan Han School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Engineering Yonsei University Wireless communication is becoming an crucial area of today’s life. With chasing this trend, there are continuously growing demands for ultra-wideband transmission due to insufficiency of available frequency band and increase of information. To satisfy this, millimeter wave has drawn lots of technical attentions. In spite of its ability to transmit ultra wide bandwidth signals, available propagation range is restricted by its own nature. To overcome this limitation, Radio-on-Fiber technology is treated as one of effective ways.
Estimation of fluoride concentration in tea infusions, prepared from different forms of tea, commercially available in Mathura city

Context: Tea is a rich source of fluoride (F−) and its consumption has become a cultural habit. F− available from tea might play important role in increasing total F− intake leading to dental fluorosis. Aims: To estimate F− concentration in different varieties of commercially available tea, in Mathura city, and to determine the change in concentration of F− in different forms of tea infusion, prepared by different methods. Setting and Design: Mathura city and Clinical study. Materials and Methods: 16 brands of tea were collected from the local market, out of which 3 were dip tea, 2 were leafy tea, and 11 were tea granules. Tea infusions were prepared from three forms of tea by three different methods, i.e., without boiling with water; after boiling with water; and after addition of milk and sugar to boiling water. F− concentration of those tea infusions was measured using a F− ion selective electrode method. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA was used to compare mean F− concentration in tea infusions prepared by three different methods, irrespective of the form of tea and mean F− concentration between tea infusions prepared from three different forms of tea, by three different methods. Results: The mean F− concentration in tea infusions prepared by three different methods irrespective of the form of tea were 1.437, 3.375, and 3.437, respectively, and tea infusion prepared from tea granules irrespective of method of preparation showed a statistical significance. Conclusions: F− in tea can be an additional dietary source of F− which can be beneficial in preventing dental caries or deleterious for occurrence of fluorosis.
Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α Is Regulated by the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) via an mTOR Signaling Motif*

Tumors that form as a result of heightened mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling are highly vascularized. This process of angiogenesis is regulated through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated transcription of angiogenic factors. It is recognized that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin can diminish the process of angiogenesis. Our work shows that activation of mTOR by Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb) overexpression potently enhances the activity of HIF1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A secretion during hypoxia, which is reversed with rapamycin. Mutants of Rheb, which do not bind guanine nucleotide (D60K, D60V, N119I, and D122N) and are unable to activate mTOR, inhibit the activity of HIF when overexpressed. We show that regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) interacts with HIF1α and requires an mTOR signaling (TOS) motif located in the N terminus of HIF1α. Furthermore, a mutant of HIF1α lacking this TOS motif dominantly impaired HIF activity during hypoxia and was unable to bind to the co-activator CBP/p300. Rapamycin treatments do not affect the stability of HIF1α and modulate HIF activity via a Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-independent mechanism. We demonstrate that the high levels of HIF activity in cells devoid of TSC2 can be reversed by treatments with rapamycin or the readdition of TSC2. Our work explains why human cancers with aberrant mTOR signaling are prone to angiogenesis and suggests that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin might be a suitable therapeutic strategy.