Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes α, βI and βII in Rat Kidney

Abstract . Protein kinase C (PKC) significantly contributes to the control of renal function, but little is known about the renal function or localization of PKC isoenzymes. Therefore, the localization of PKC isoenzymes α, βI, and βII was studied in rat kidney. Immunoblot analysis identified immunoreactive bands corresponding to PKC α, βI, and βII in total cell extracts of both renal cortex and medulla. Immunohistochemistry using confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed immunostaining for PKC α within the glomerulus including podocytes and mesangial cells. PKC βI was detected in mesangial cells, whereas anti-PKC βII labeled neither podocytes nor mesangial cells. PKC βII, however, was detected in cells within the mesangial area, which expressed MHC II, a marker for antigen-presenting cells. None of the three isoforms was detected in glomerular endothelial cells. A prominent immunostaining with anti-PKC α and βI was localized to the brush border of S2 and S3 segments of proximal tubule, whereas S1 segments were not stained. Along the loop of Henle, both PKC α and PKC βI were found in the luminal membrane of cortical and medullary thick ascending limb. In addition, anti-PKC βI labeled the luminal membrane of thin limbs. In the cortical collecting duct (CCD), immunofluorescence for PKC α was observed at the apical membrane of both peanut agglutinin (PNA)-negative cells and part of PNA-positive cells, whereas in the medullary collecting duct (MCD), PKC α was detected at the basolateral membrane. In comparison, PKC βI was localized at the luminal membrane of PNA-positive cells only in CCD and at the luminal membrane of MCD. Unlike PKC α or βI, there was ( 1 ) no detectable immunostaining with anti-PKC βII in the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, or the CCD and ( 2 ) a distinct staining for PKC βII of interstitial cells in cortex and medulla (including MHC II-positive dendritic cells). Furthermore, PKC βII was detected in the luminal membrane of MCD. In summary, a distinct and differential expression pattern for PKC α, βI, and βII was shown in rat kidney, which may contribute to a better understanding of the specific role of these isoenzymes in the control of renal function.
A Critique of Symmorphosis and Optimality Models in Physiology

The concept of symmorphosis postulates rigorous congruence between structural design and functional demand in physiological systems. We consider here the evolutionary limitations of symmorphosis and, more generally, models of optimal design in physiology. Such models presume that evolutionary forces of selection are well-defined and invariant. Because selective pressures vary in space and time, the level of performance required from physiological systems is not necessarily constant and uniquely specified. Morphological structures frequently perform multiple roles, and optimal design for one role may reduce the effectiveness of other functions. Developmental and genetic constraints may also preclude optimal matching of physiological design with functional requirements. The complexity and interdependence of most morphological structures and physiological processes suggest that perfect rate matching of all constituent components is unlikely. Similar allometry of different components of a physiological cascade does not necessarily imply design according to symmorphosis, which specifies quantitative equality of maximum capacity at diferent levels of structural organization. Although the notion of optimal design has considerable utility as a null hypothesis, the extent of matching between form and function in organisms is best described as a continuum of imperfection.
Induction of red-cockaded woodpecker group formation by artificial cavity construction

Previous research suggested that red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) were reluctant to occupy sites lacking sufficient existing cavities, despite their being exclusively primary cavity users. We provisioned 10 vacant sites (sites lacking cavity tree clusters and red-cockadeds) and 10 abandoned sites (sites with existing clusters no longer occupied by red-cockadeds) in the Sandhills region of North Carolina with cavities and cavity starts we constructed in 1988 and 1989. By July 1989, 18 of 20 experimental sites had been occupied, resulting in the net addition of 12 soocial groups to the population. No control sites were occupied. Occupation of previously vacant areas and rapid increases in the number of social units in a population are rare events in this and other populations in the absence of cavity provisioning
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL AND WATER EXTRACTS OF ADIANTUM CAPILLUS VENERIS AND TAGETES PATULA AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIAL STRAINS

The aim of present study was to screen the antimicrobial activities of extracts of leaves and stems of Adiantum capillus veneris and Tagetes patula against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Extracts from the leaves and stems of these plants were extracted with methanol and water and tested for their antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method against ten MDR bacterial strains i.e., Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Providencia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae. Leaves methanol extract (LME) of Adiantum showed maximum Zone of Inhibition (ZI) against Providencia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella typhi, whereas its stem methanol extract (SME) was very active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Similarly LME of Tagetes showed highest ZI against Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae while SME showed highest ZI to Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Providencia, Shigella and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Leaves water extract (LWE) of Adiantum was very active against all ten bacterial strains while its stem water extract (SWE) showed maximum ZI against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Proteus vulgaris and Providencia. LWE of Tagetes was only active against Vibrio cholerae whereas SWE was very active against Salmonella typhi and active against P. vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii and Vibrio cholerae. It was concluded from this study that extracts of both Adiantum and Tagetes have prominent activities against most of the MDR bacterial strains and needs further studies for utmost benefits.
Regional Effects of Hydrologic Alterations on Riverine Macrobiota in the New World: Tropical–Temperate Comparisons

biotic effects of hydrologic alterations within entire river basins; consideration of bioassessment criteria of hydrologic effects (in addition to presence/absence information on specific taxa or habitat alteration); historical reconstruction of the distribution, abundance, and migratory behavior of aquatic biota within river networks; preimpoundment surveys and studies of aquatic biota in rivers, from headwaters to mouth, in soon-to-be regulated rivers of Latin America; evaluation of the applicability of hydropower technology developed for temperate regions to tropical regions.
Alternatif Media for Fungal Growth Using a Different Source of Carbohidrats

Fungi needs utrient, a source of energy and certain environmental conditions in order to growth. PDA was a common medium used to grow fungi in laboratories. The high of instant media PDA encourage researchers to find out alernatif media of the raw materials was easily available and more cheap. This researche determine the fungal growht in alternative media on carbohydrate source of the Canna edulis, Dioscorea aculeata and Maranta arundinacea . This study was an experimental studi using Completely Randomize Design (CDR), two factor. The first factor is a type of fungi: Candida albicans (J1), Aspergillus niger (J2). The second factor was the types of alternative media: the media of Canna edulis (M1), Discorea esculenta (M2) and Maranta arundinaceae L (M3). The collected data is analized by using qualitative descriptive. In this research Candida albicans was tested by spread method at 28 o C for 2 days, Aspergillus niger by agar block method was tested at 30 o c for 7 days. The result show that growth of Candida albicans best on medium Canna edulis with a population of 2,87×10 8 CFU/ml and the size of fungal colony was large white, while the growth of Aspergillus niger best on medium Canna edulis with a diameter about 39,7 mm and heavy sporulation. Both of fungi test showed that almost comparable growth of PDA. Media Canna edulis , Dioscorea aculeata and Maranta arundinacea can be used as alternatives media for fungal growth. Keyword: fungal growth media, fungal, the source of carbohydrates, PDA.
Employee Development and Turnover: A Moderated Mediation Model of Employee Perceptions of Development, Job Satisfaction, Supervisor Support, and Intent to Stay

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT AND TURNOVER: A MODERATED MEDIATION MODEL OF EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT, JOB SATISFACTION, SUPERVISOR SUPPORT, AND INTENT TO STAY RYAN KASDORF 2020 As employee turnover continues to be a major concern for organizations, there is increasing evidence that providing development opportunities can be an effective intervention to decrease voluntary turnover. I propose that an integrated theoretical framework of combining Organizational Support Theory (OST) and the Job DemandsResources Theory (JD-R) is best suited to explain the relationship between employee development and turnover. Moreover, a moderated-mediation model is developed and tested, whereby the relationship between employee perceptions development (EPD) and intent to stay is mediated by job satisfaction, and this indirect relationship is moderated by perceived supervisor support. A large sample (N = 687) of survey responses from a healthcare organization in the Midwest were analyzed. The results indicated that there is a direct, positive relationship between EPD and intent to stay. Furthermore, the results showed that job satisfaction, did indeed, mediate the relationship between EPD and intent to stay, although there was no support for the moderated-mediation hypothesis. These findings provide further evidence that employee development is an effective intervention to reduce turnover as well as increase job satisfaction.
The Arrow of Time and the Avoidance of Primordial Annihilation

The predominance of matter over antimatter, leads to develop an alternative conjecture, which does not violate the primordial symmetry of particle-antiparticle pairs, resulting in annihilation. To be able to predict a phenomenon that could generate a greater number of particles over antiparticles, we resorted to a mechanism capable to transfer out of the system, the antimatter characteristics. The mass’s action law indicates that if a reactant or product escapes the reaction mixture, is left without any action over the equilibrium. For example, gas emission, precipitate formation, etc. Hence, if annihilation is not completed during inflation, the reactions in the quark-gluon plasma, would allow that the generated neutrinos and antineutrinos, would be able to elude annihilation and transfer the antimatter characteristics out of the system. It was assumed that neutrinos and antineutrinos becomes “transparent” or escape at a greater decoupling temperature than 1 MeV. The antineutrinos preserve the antimatter characteristics, because of the near null interaction with other particles. Therefore, becomes isolate from the matter system. Hence, there is not initial violation of CP symmetry (charge and reflect-on parity). The problems to detect neutrinos or antineutrinos, explain the non-observation of antimatter and the failure to be exposed to very large quantities of lethal gamma radiation, the product of annihilation. These leptons, along the cosmic chronology, remain without interaction and the reactions irreversibility become determinant of the time arrow. In a primordial open system, trough the separation of pathways, reactions could be thermodynamically structured to avoid conservation of symmetric interactions, and function to maintain the arrow of time.
Persistent Blessings of Luck: Capital and Deal Flows in Venture Investment

Persistence in fund performance in the private equity industry, especially venture funds, is often interpreted as evidence of differential abilities among the managers. We present a dynamic model of delegated investments that produces performance persistence and predictability without investment skill heterogeneity. Capital and quality projects exhibit strong complementarity, and endogenously flow to recently successful funds due to incentivization of managerial effort with continuation value and assortative matching. Initial luck therefore has an enduring impact on fund performance and managerial compensation, and investors benefit from working with multiple funds with tiered contracts. Consistent with empirical findings, our model also predicts that venture funds that persistently outperform encourage greater innovation and attract better entrepreneurial projects using seemingly less favorable contract terms. JEL Classification: G10; L26; O31; G24
Ecological relevance of energy metabolism: transcriptional responses in energy sensing and expenditure to thermal and osmotic stresses in an intertidal limpet

Summary For rocky intertidal species that experience changes in a number of potential stressors seasonally and during the tidal cycle, sensing cellular energy status and modulating it adaptively may be crucial for responding to stressor effects. However, the responses of energy metabolism of intertidal species to multiple sublethal stressors are still unclear. Here, we examined gene expression profiles of biomarkers related to sensing of cellular energy status and regulation of catabolism and energy expenditure in a mid-intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma for elucidating the species’ cellular energy responses stresses from high temperature, desiccation and rainfall. Expression levels of genes encoding metabolic regulators [two subunits of AMP-activated protein kinase, ampkα, ampkβ; Fu gene inhibition axis formation, axin; two sirtuins, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (sirt1); NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-5 (sirt5)], metabolic enzymes (hexokinase, hk; pyruvate kinase, pk; isocitrate dehydrogenase, idh) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) were quantified in specimens exposed to different temperatures and aerial/freshwater spray conditions. Based on the gene expression patterns, all individuals could be divided into three groups with divergent cellular energy status, indicating that the selected target genes are appropriate indicators of cellular metabolism. The divergent gene expression patterns indicated a sequence in which individuals from group 1, group 2 and group 3 were faced with increasing energy stress. The frequency distributions of individuals in the three groups were different among different time points and treatments, indicating that high temperature, desiccation, and rainfall, singly or in combination, could cause energy stress. Compared to the high percentage (100%) of individuals placed in the highest-stress group (group 3), after 2 h of freshwater spray at 18 °C, the lower percentage (77·8%) of individuals in group 3 after 2 h of freshwater spray at 30 °C indicated the existence of interactive effects of high temperature and rain; high temperature resulted in a lower response of cellular energy metabolism to rainfall. Sublethal environmental stresses from single stressors such as temperature or osmotic challenges can lead to cellular energy stress. Interactions among stressors may lead to a complex overall effect on cellular energy status in intertidal species.
Inheritance of the horned, scurred, and polled condition in cattle

THE mode of inheritance of the horned, scurred, and polled condition in cattle has been reported by several workers. White and Ibsen presented a hypothesis that included four independent loci to explain their observations and reports in the literature up to the time of their study. Their hypothesis, which is the most complex that has been proposed for the inheritance of these characteristics, included the following model: 1) P—completely dominant gene for the polled condition, completely epistatic to horns (H) in both sexes; p—the absence of P. 2) H—gene for horns; always present in both sexes in the homozygous state and epistatic to the gene for scurs (Sc). h—does not exist in domestic cattle. As pointed out by Shrode and Lush, this locus serves only to symbolize the genetic complex that makes them cattle. 3) Ha—African horn gene epistatic to P in males; not certain in females. It is present in most breeds but is at a low frequency in many breeds. This gene does not modify the expression of horns on an otherwise horned animal. ha—the absence of Ha. 4) Sc—the gene for scurs. The expression of this gene is sex-influenced. The heterozygote (Scsc) is usually scurred in males, but only the homozygote (ScSc) is scurred in females. White and Ibsen assumed that these four genes segregated independently. Other workers have postulated that only one locus is involved in the inheritance of the horned, scurred, and polled condition. Spillman as well as LloydJones and Evvard interpreted the gene for polled (P) to be dominant to the gene for horns and many of the heterozygotes of both sexes to be scurred. Watson 9 interpreted the gene for polled to be completely dominant in females and horns to be inhibited, but not completely suppressed, in heterozygous males; he also interpreted the level of suppression to vary among breeds. Cole reported results indicating that the polled condition is inherited as dominant to horns and that scurs occur more frequently
Studies on Biodiversity in Grain Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

Sixty five genotypes of grain cowpea(Source: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria) were evaluated for thirteen metric characters to observe the genetic diversity existing among them by Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Out of sixty five, only sixty three genotypes responded towards flowering, on which further study was taken out. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for each character under study. These sixty three genotypes were grouped into twenty four clusters and the maximum intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster VIII. The maximum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster XVII and XXII. Based on the cluster means and cluster distances the genotypes EC 517122 (cluster X) and EC 517123 (cluster XXII) were found the most promising. Among the traits studied, days to first flowering and number of pods per plant contributed towards maximum divergence.
Piloting the objective measurement of eating behaviour at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Background: Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours, such as eating speed, may improve weight loss and weight over time. We assessed whether the Mandometer, a portable weighing scale connected to a computer that generates a graph of food removal rate from the plate to which it is connected, together with photo-imaging of food, might prove an effective approach to measuring eating behaviours at large scale. Methods: We deployed the Mandometer in the home environment to measure main meals over three days of 95 21-year-old participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used multi-level models to describe food weight and eating speed and, as exemplar analyses, examined the relationship of eating behaviours with body mass index (BMI), dietary composition (fat content) and genotypic variation (the FTO rs9939609 variant). Using this pilot data, we calculated the sample size required to detect differences in food weight and eating speed between groups of an exposure variable. Results: All participants were able to use the Mandometer effectively after brief training. In exemplar analyses, evidence suggested that obese participants consumed more food than those of "normal" weight (i.e., BMI 19 to <25 kg/m 2) and that A/A FTO homozygotes (an indicator of higher weight) ate at a faster rate compared to T/T homozygotes. There was also some evidence that those with a high-fat diet consumed less food than those with a low-fat diet, but no strong evidence that individuals with medium- or high-fat diets ate at a faster rate. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for assessing eating behaviour in a short-term home setting and combining this with information in a research setting. This study may offer the opportunity to design interventions tailored for at-risk eating behaviours, offering advantages over the "one size fits all" approach of current failing obesity interventions.
Antimicrobial Activities of Mucuna pruriens (Agbara) on Some Human Pathogens

Increasing rate of development of resistance to commonly used antibiotics have led to serach for newer,more effective,affordable and easily available drugs.In this study,the organic and aqueous extracts of Mucuna pruriens seeds were obtained using a Soxhlet extractor.The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested on some human pathogens namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,and Candida albicans,using 0.3g/ml concentration nd the standard method of agar disc diffusion assay.Results obtained showed that the extract have highest inhibitory effect on the gram positive S.aureus,lowereffect on the gram negative E.coli and no inhibtion on the fungi(C.albicans). Acetone extract produced the highest zone of inhibition 97mm), followed by ethanol(6mm), and water (4mm) extract respectively.Minimum inhibitory concentration assay of 0.0125 and 0.025g/ml for the organic extracts,and 0.025 and 0.05g/ml for the aqueous extracts on S.aureus and E.coli, respectively. The study proved that Mucuna pruriens seeds,apart from their roles as food addictives and supplements, can also be utilized as effective and cheap source of antimicrobial agent.
Erratum

Marafioti, T. , Pozzobon, M. , Hansmann, M. -L. , Ventura, R. , Pileri, S.A. , Roberton, H. , Gesk, S. , Gaulard, P., Barth, T.F. E. , Du, M.Q. , Leoncini, L. , Möller, P., Natkunam, Y. , Siebert, R. and Mason, D.Y. (2005) The NFATc1 transcription factor is widely expressed in white cells and translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a subset of human lymphomas. British Journal of Haematology, 128, 333–342.
Citrus Ethanol Extracts Promotes Innate Immune Response by Activating NF-κB

Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka has been traditionally called Yuza in Korea and is used as a cuisine material or tea as well as medicinal herb. In this study, we evaluated the immune-enhancing effect of Citrus junos ethanol extract (CJE) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage and primary immunocytes. CJE treatment showed increased macrophage activity in a dose-dependant manner. CJE also enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity. We measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level as a measurement of NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cells. CJE treatment showed an increased LDH level in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we evaluated the effect of CJE on mouse primary splenocyte proliferation. CJE treatment slightly increased splenocyte proliferation compared to the control. The results of this study suggest that CJE can help immune function via macrophage cytokine production, increased NK cell activity, and splenocyte proliferation.