Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Single Event Upset Tolerant 12T Memory Cell for Aerospace Applications

This paper proposes a novel 12T radiationhardened memory cell (RHMC-12T) for aerospace application. The proposed design consists of quad-nodes, which stores the data. The architecture consists of only two sensitive nodes, which reduces the total sensitive area compared to the existing radiationhardened memory cells. It can tolerate both "1" to "0" and "0" to "1" upset at any of the sensitive nodes. The proposed architecture is designed in 65-nm CMOS technology at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The read and write access times of the proposed design are 80.81 ps and 70.19 ps respectively.
MutantDistiller: Using Symbolic Execution for Automatic Detection of Equivalent Mutants and Generation of Mutant Killing Tests

Mutation testing can be used to measure the quality of a given test suite. But two flaws prevent wide acceptance. First, there are equivalent mutants – mutants that are semantically equivalent to the unmodified version and therefore unkillable. Manually identifying those mutants is time-consuming and errorprone. Second, initially there are often too few test cases. Mutation testing detects missing cases. But it is too time-consuming to manually write all the required test cases.This paper shows how to use symbolic execution to tackle both problems, i.e., to detect equivalent mutants and exclude them from further analysis, and to automatically generate test cases that kill the remaining mutants.Our evaluation uses a set of 252 publicly available mutants for which it is known that they are hard to classify. Despite the fact that detecting equivalent mutants is an undecidable problem in general, our fully automatic tool MutantDistiller correctly classifies all of them (13 equivalent, 239 non-equivalent). MutantDistiller also generates test cases that kill the nonequivalent mutants.
An in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of curcumin against human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Introduction: Curcumin, a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), is a molecule of multitude of medicinal properties. Although curcumin has found a place in the treatment of gingival and periodontal diseases, there are no reported cytotoxicity studies on the cells of clinical significance (i.e., periodontal ligament [PDL] fibroblasts). Aims: The objective of this research was to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of curcumin against human PDL fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: Human PDL fibroblasts from premolar teeth were cultured and used for cytotoxicity tests from healthy children presented for orthodontic extractions. Test concentrations of curcumin (100%, 50%, and 25%) were prepared by diluting 95% curcumin with di-methyl-sulfoxide and added to 96-well microtiter plate (in triplicate) containing the fibroblast culture (approximately 2 × 104 cells/well). Fibroblast cells without treatment (without curcumin) acted as a control group. The viability of cells after 48 h of incubation at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2and 95% air was ascertained by the 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The viability of PDL fibroblast cells of experimental wells was expressed relative to that of control, in terms of change in the color intensity. Absorbencies were recorded at 450 nm on a microplate reader with background subtraction at 620 nm. The cell viability at various concentrations of curcumin against the PDL fibroblasts was calculated as mean absorbance (optical density) and percentage values. Results: Cell viability of PDL fibroblasts to 100%, 50%, and 25% curcumin concentration was 111.75%, 112.50%, and 114.40%, respectively. Conclusions: No in vitro cytotoxicity was detected for curcumin against human PDL fibroblasts, at any of the concentrations used (100%, 50%, and 25%) by MTT assay at the end of 48 h.
LisaLearning

on these learning problems and on fnding solutions to them in better interfaces and training tools.1-5 Wehave studied a variety of commercial systems and prototypes, and a variety of training approaches. Our goal has been to develop a thorough understanding of how new users interact with user interfaces-an understanding that can inform the design of future technology. Much of this work has focused on office workers with no prior experience with computers. We also focused on "traditional" systems: systems with no on-line tutoring, with step-keys or contextual cursoring, with character-box displays, or with no graphics (and therefore no text/ graphics integration). There are good reasons for focusing research in this way: Helping clerical users get started on traditional systems is a pressing problem in the computer industry. But there are other user groups and other systems. Professionals, the people for whom the clerical users work, haye more personal prerogative in determining which system they will use and what th¢y
Coupling of Midge Individuals in a Swarm, Anarete pritchardi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

A female entered a swarm of males of Anarete pritchardi and coupled sequentially with two of the males. The horizontal and vertical movements of the midges prior to, during, and following the couplings were recorded on high speed movies and analyzed. The couplings lasted 3.3 and 6.4 sec. Upon disengaging, the male took off before the female did.
Deployment of APIs on Android Mobile Devices and Microcontrollers

The high penetration and acceptance of smart devices has encouraged the development of IoT applications. The increase in the capabilities of these final devices has also led to the development of paradigms such as Fog and Edge Computing. Through these new architectural paradigms, developers can exploit the capabilities of the end devices to store, process and provide services, in order to improve the application by reducing the response time and the network overload. Currently, most applications are developed following a Server-Centric architecture because there are a lot of tools facilitating their development. However, these types of tools are not available for these emerging paradigms, which means an extra effort for developers. This paper shows a tool that semi-automatize the generation of applications based on the Edge Computing paradigm, thus reducing the developers' works and the application of these new architectural paradigms.
Bite Force as a Basis for Niche Differentiation Between Rain Forest Peccaries (Tayassu tajacu and T. pecari)

A lever model of jaw action indicates that the maximum bite force of white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) should be at least 1.3 times that of collared peccary (T. taiacu) on food items of a given size. This prediction is consistent with the measured resistances of seeds and nuts that are eaten by the two species at a rain forest site in southeastern Peru. Such a difference in bite force, in association with differences in group size and digging ability, may be a basis for coexistence of the two species in Neotropical rain forests. THERE ARE TWO RECENT SPECIES OF PECCARY native to Neotropical rain forests: white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and collared peccary (T. tajacu). A third species, the newly discovered Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), is limited to the dry thorn forests of the South American Chaco (Wetzel et al. 1975; Wetzel 1977a, 1977b). The ranges of both T. tajacu and T. pecart extend southward into somewhat drier regions of South America, including the Chaco (Cabrera and Ypes 1940, Alston 1880, Wetzel 1977a). In the north, only T. tajacu occurs beyond the rain forests, as far as the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts of Mexico, Arizona, and Texas (Hall and
Safety profile of Ayurvedic poly‑herbomineral formulation – Bacnil capsule in albino rats

Introduction: Bacnil capsule is a poly-herbomineral formulation used to treat gastroenteritis. It contains many potential drugs derived from plant sources and Bhasma (calcined fine powder) preparations. Aims: The study was designed to ascertain the safety of bacnil capsule orally in Charle's Foster albino rats. Materials and Methods: As per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 425 protocol oral acute toxicity study, bacnil capsule was administered orally once only at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in rats. For repeated dose toxicity study, AYUSH 170 and OECD 407, it was administered at three dose levels, Therapeutic doses (TED) (196.2), TED × 5 (981) and TED × 10 (1962) mg/kg/day orally for 28 days in albino rats followed by a 15-day recovery period only on TED × 10 dose level. Observation and Results: Bacnil at the oral dose of 2000 mg/kg did not produce any toxicity or mortality in albino rats. Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity revealed that test formulation did not produce any significant change in serum biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters at therapeutic dose level. Mild-to-moderate pathological changes were observed in the various serum biochemical and cytoarchitecture of the liver, heart, kidney, and stomach at a dose of 10 TEDs; however, the same was reversed after discontinuation in the recovery test. Conclusion: Bacnil at 196.2 mg/kg/day is safe at the therapeutic dose level in albino rats.
An Energy Efficient SAR ADC Architecture with DAC Separation

A new SAR ADC architecture is proposed. The described circuit uses an additional low-resolution capacitive-DAC instead of MSB-capacitors switching in the conventional binary weighted DAC. The use of an additional DAC decreases the MSB capacitors size, therefore improves the energy efficiency and allows to achieve faster operation speed. The circuit operates using a 4-input comparator. The sampling capacitance is 98.4% reduced compared to conventional SAR ADC. The DAC switching energy saving of the proposed circuit is 97.2% compared to a conventional one. The 20 MS/s 10 bit SAR ADC based on the proposed architecture was simulated on transistor level. The power consumption and the Walden FOM are 70.88 uW and 3.71 fJ/conv. -step respectively.
Parallelizing Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization by Open Computing Language on an Integrated Graphical Processing Unit

Comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) is a powerful metaheuristic for global optimization. This paper studies parallelizing CLPSO by open computing language (OpenCL) on the integrated Intel HD Graphics 520 (IHDG520) graphical processing unit (GPU) with a low clock rate. We implement a coarse-grained all-GPU model that maps each particle to a separate work item. Two enhancement strategies, namely, generating and transferring random numbers from the central processor to the GPU as well as reducing the number of instructions in the kernel, are proposed to shorten the model’s execution time. This paper further investigates parallelizing deterministic optimization for implicit stochastic optimization of China’s Xiaowan Reservoir. The deterministic optimization is performed on an ensemble of 62 years’ historical inflow records with monthly time steps, is solved by CLPSO, and is parallelized by a coarse-grained multipopulation model extended from the all-GPU model. The multipopulation model involves a large number of work items. Because of the capacity limit for a buffer transferring data from the central processor to the GPU and the size of the global memory region, the random number generation strategy is modified by generating a small number of random numbers that can be flexibly exploited by the large number of work items. Experiments conducted on various benchmark functions and the case study demonstrate that our proposed all-GPU and multipopulation parallelization models are appropriate; and the multipopulation model achieves the consumption of significantly less execution time than the corresponding sequential model.
A Multimodal Learning Analytics Approach to Support Evidence-based Teaching and Learning Practices

Multimodal Learning Analytics (MMLA) aims to support evidence-based educational practices by collecting, processing, analyzing and sense-making of multimodal evidence of learning. MMLA is not widespread yet and there are few tailored MMLA solutions to meet the requirements of a specific learning scenario. This PhD project investigates the main challenges behind the limited development of MMLA solutions and proposes an MMLA infrastructure as the main contribution. The proposed infrastructure includes three components - a data value chain, a data model and a software architecture. The overall project follows the design-based research methodology where multiple iterations are involved to refine the contributions.
The Effects of Experience on Deception in Human-Agent Negotiation

Negotiation is the complex social process by which multiple parties come to mutual agreement over a series of issues. As such, it has proven to be a key challenge problem for designing adequately social AIs that can effectively navigate this space. Artificial AI agents that are capable of negotiating must be capable of realizing policies and strategies that govern offer acceptances, offer generation, preference elicitation, and more. But the next generation of agents must also adapt to reflect their users’ experiences. The best human negotiators tend to have honed their craft through hours of practice and experience. But, not all negotiators agree on which strategic tactics to use, and endorsement of deceptive tactics in particular is a controversial topic for many negotiators. We examine the ways in which deceptive tactics are used and endorsed in non-repeated human negotiation and show that prior experience plays a key role in governing what tactics are seen as acceptable or useful in negotiation. Previous work has indicated that people that negotiate through artificial agent representatives may be more inclined to fairness than those people that negotiate directly. We present a series of three user studies that challenge this initial assumption and expand on this picture by examining the role of past experience. This work constructs a new scale for measuring endorsement of manipulative negotiation tactics and introduces its use to artificial intelligence research. It continues by presenting the results of a series of three studies that examine how negotiating experience can change what negotiation tactics and strategies human endorse. Study #1 looks at human endorsement of deceptive techniques based on prior negotiating experience as well as representative effects. Study #2 further characterizes the negativity of prior experience in relation to endorsement of deceptive techniques. Finally, in Study #3, we show that the lessons learned from the empirical observations in Study #1 and #2 can in fact be induced—by designing agents that provide a specific type of negative experience, human endorsement of deception can be predictably manipulated.
An Elastic Neural Network Toward Multi-Grained Re-configurable Accelerator

A bisection topology of neural networks (NN) is developed instead of conventional full connection (FC) fashion for NNs. Each neuron only communicates with two synapses from its previous neurons in adjacent, and outputs the data to two neurons in the post layer. A large amount of neurons and synapses are expected to symmetrically implement by the computational hardware in parallel. In this manner, the entire network can be partitioned into arbitrary diamond-shaped pieces (seen as DiaNet) for behaving the NN functions without any redundancy theoretically. Assuming such topology is implemented on-chip in parallel, the DiaNets perform multi-grained re-configuration to offer flexible function units. Various behaviors of conventional NNs are efficiently retrieved by the proposed DiaNet topology while maintaining high fidelity of results. Also, two optimization technologies such as overlapping and reshaping are proposed to further reduce the synapses. On the Wine dataset, our results show that the number of synapses is reduced to 36.3% without accuracy loss. Finally, the bit precision of the DiaNet is investigated to suggest the guideline toward efficient hardware implementations.
Bone Marrow Volume in Rabbits.∗

Only a few papers pertaining to bone marrow volume can be found in medical literature. Töppich 1 determined the bone marrow volume or mass of 2 newly born infants and found that it was equivalent to approximately 2.3% of the body weight. He employed a method previously described by Wetzel, 2 in which the marrow volume was calculated from the dried weight of the skeleton, the total gross volume of the skeleton and the specific gravity of bone. As infant bone marrow consists practically entirely of red marrow, this figure represented the functioning mass. Wetzel 3 later reported a red marrow volume of 1419 cc. in the skeleton of a 20-year-old man. Mechanik 4 determined the marrow volume in 13 adult cadavers, using a method based upon the weights of the bones before and after maceration. The marrow mass varied from 1600 to 3700 gm. , with an average figure of 2600 gm. He believed the red and yellow portions of the marrow were about equal, giving an average value of about 1300 gm. to the active portion, equivalent to approximately 2.3% of the body weight. Since some idea of the bone marrow volume in rabbits was required in certain experimental work and since no figures could be found other than those relating to human marrow, 2 normal rabbits were killed and marrow volume determinations made with the results indicated below. The method used was essentially that employed by Töppich. 1 The rabbits were killed by the intravenous injection of ether. The soft parts were cut away as cleanly as possible and the skeletons were covered with water and placed in an incubator (37.5°C). The water was changed twice a day.
Fast hierarchical system synthesis based on predictive models

Predictive models based on Pareto fronts are key tools to understand and leverage tradeoffs in electronic circuit and system design. These predictive models are mostly used to accelerate design and enforce reuse [4]. The main drawback is that their generation requires a huge time which depends on both simulation and multi objective optimization time. This paper presents an efficient method to build predictive models with more speed and accuracy employing macro models simulation tool (Tactyle) and optimization software (MIDACO). Starting from system predictive model, we developed a Top-down flow which propagate the system constraints to lower level blocks, so we can design the sub-blocks in order to meet the system specifications. This approach is applied to a buck converter circuit
Ratio of Salivary Sialic Acid to Fucose as Tumor Markers in Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer

Background: Lack of noninvasive and economically feasible laboratory investigations in the early detection of cancer is a set-back in the prognosis of oral cancer (OC) patients. sAims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ratio of sialic acid to fucose in salivary samples of OC and oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 participants were selected and divided into three groups based on clinical and histopathological diagnosis: OC patients (n = 20), OPMD patients (n = 20), and healthy patients (n = 20). Unstimulated whole saliva of 1.5 ml was collected from the selected individuals for evaluating the salivary levels of sialic acid and fucose using the biochemical assay. Results: The difference in mean salivary sialic acid and fucose among the study groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001); one-way analysis of variance. The mean sialic acid to fucose ratio in the control group, OPMD group, and OC group were 0.34 mg/dl, 0.88 mg/dl, and 0.89 mg/dl, respectively. OC patients had significant elevation in the levels of salivary sialic acid, fucose, and their ratios (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively); Tukey's post hoc test. Conclusions: The ratio of salivary sialic acid to fucose is a predictable tumor marker for the diagnosis of OC. Further investigations are required to evaluate the influence of OC grading on this diagnostic marker.
Generating Avoidable Collision Scenarios for Testing Autonomous Driving Systems

Automated and autonomous driving systems (ADS) are a transformational technology in the mobility sector. Current practice for testing ADS uses virtual tests in computer simulations; search-based approaches are used to find particularly dangerous situations, possibly collisions. However, when a collision is found, it is not always easy to automatically assess whether the ADS should have been able to avoid it, without relying on offline analyses by domain experts. In this paper, we propose a definition of avoidable collision that does not rely on any domain knowledge, but only on the fact that it is possible to reconFigure the ADS (in our case, the path planner component provided by our industry partner) in a way that the collision is avoided. Based on this definition, we propose two search-based approaches for finding avoidable collisions. The first one (named sequential approach), based on current industrial practice, first searches for a collision, and then searches for an alternative configuration of the ADS which avoids it. The second one (named combined approach), instead, searches at the same time for the collision and for the alternative configuration which avoids it. Experiments show that the combined approach finds more avoidable collisions, even when the sequential approach doesn’t find any; indeed, the sequential approach, in the first search, may find too severe collisions for which there is no alternative configuration that can avoid them.
Efficacy of chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS (Lumivia) for the management of stem borer and leaf folder in direct seeded rice

The major production constraint of rice in enhancing productivity is due to attack by pests. Rice stem borer and leaf folder are considered as economic pests and influence the yield if proper timely management practices are not adopted. In case of severe pest incidences the usage of insecticides is inevitable. Among various modes of application of insecticides, seed treatment is mostly advantageous as it is required in small amount and offers control of target pests and ensuing the establishment of healthy and vigorous plants. Hence, studies on efficacy pertaining to Chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS (lumivia) at different concentrations along with check chemicals viz., cartap hydrochloride 4G and untreated control were evaluate at Agricultural Research Station, Vuyyuru during kharif, 2019 and rabi 2019-2020 to assess the efficacy of various test chemicals against stem borer and leaf folder infesting direct sown rice. The experimental trial was laid out with seven treatments that were replicated four times and treatments were imposed as seed dresser and broadcasted as direct sown rice. The data on per dead hearts and per cent leaf folder damaged leaves at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after sowing were recorded for both rice variety (MTU 1061) and rice hybrid (28P67). The results revealed that, among various test chemicals the treatment T4 (Chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS @ 90 g a.i./ha) had registered highest per cent reduction of stem borer with 76.71 & 68.60 in kharif and rabi seasons of study period for rice variety. With respect to rice hybrid the per cent reduction of stem borer incidence over control was 78.19 & 65.09 per cent in kharif and rabi, 2019-2020, respectively. Similarly, the leaf folder damaged leaves were also recorded least in T4 with 61.06 & 62.96 per cent reduction over control with respect to rice variety during kharif and rabi, 2019-2020, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for rice hybrid was 61.04 and 71.64 during kharif and rabi seasons, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that chlorantraniliprole 625g/L FS @ 90 g a.i./ha@ (lumivia) is effective as seed dresser in suppressing stem borer and leaf folder in direct seeded rice with no phytotoxicity on rice crop and no adverse effects on natural enemies.