Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orbitofrontal sulci of the human and macaque monkey brain

The present study investigated the orbitofrontal sulci in 100 normal adult human cerebral hemispheres by using magnetic resonance images that were transformed into the standardized proportional stereotaxic space most commonly used, that of Talairach and Tournoux (Talairach and Tournoux [1988]. Co‐planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. New York: Thieme). The patterns formed by the individual sulci were then examined and compared with those of the less convoluted macaque monkey brain. Four sulci forming a similar sulcal pattern were identified in both species. The olfactory sulcus occupies the most medial position forming the lateral border of the gyrus rectus. Lateral to this, the medial, lateral, and transverse orbital sulci form a pattern often resembling an “H,” “X,” or “K. ” These sulci divide the orbitofrontal cortex into four major gyri: the medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior orbital gyri. Three major types of sulcal pattern were identified in both species based on the arrangement of these orbital sulci. Additional sulci were observed in the human brain, creating more complex patterns. Probability maps were constructed for the four main orbitofrontal sulci of the human brain. These maps provide a statistical description of the variability of the location of the orbitofrontal sulci within the three‐dimensional coordinate system of Talairach and Tournoux (Talairach and Tournoux [ 1988 ]. Co‐planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. New York: Thieme). Because these maps may be directly compared with any image transformed into the same standardized space, they provide a valuable tool for identifying and describing the location of functional or structural changes in the orbitofrontal region of the human brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 422:35–54, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of dietary phosphorus and zinc levels on growth artdbone mineralization in fingerlings of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

A laboratory based 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of dietary phosphorus and zinc levels on growth and bone mineralization in fingerlings of rainbow trout for 21 weeks. Two levels of phosphorus (19 and 30 mg/g) and two levels of zinc (55 and 103 Ag/g) in the dry diets were tested. Duplicate tanks of 30 rainbow trout (average weight 1.56 ± 0.24 g) per 60L glass tank were fed experimental diets three times a day to apparent satiation level at 15 to 24°C water temperature. The results of the present study demonstrated that dietary phosphorus supplementation influenced the growth and bone mineralization whereas zinc levels significantly (p<0.05) influenced bone mineralization in rainbow trout. Further investigations in this area with different size and age groups of this fish are broadly needed.
Author response: predictors of visual acuity in macular edema.

We thank Jay Chhablani and William Freeman for their interest and comments regarding our study. The study validated axonal integrity as a measure of visual potential. In macular edema, abnormal fluid accumulation between the two plexiform layers produces mechanical stress on the bipolar axons. Considering that bipolar axons represent the sole communication between photoreceptors and ganglion cells, any loss of transmission between these neurons significantly compromises visual function. In their letter, Chhablani and Freeman suggest a lack of analysis of other predictors of visual acuity such as macular volume, outer retinal integrity, and IS/OS junction integrity. First, they refer to the integrity of transduction elements rather than transmission elements, the object of our study. These are two completely different entities and therefore are not suitable for a head-to-head comparison. Second, the integrity of transduction elements—photoreceptors and inner segment/outer segment junction (IS/OS junction)—may give a falsely reassuring result, as the photoreceptors may still be intact when the transmission elements, the bipolar axons, have already been permanently damaged. Figure 3B is an example of multiple anatomic abnormalities contributing to visual impairment in macular edema. As far as macular volume is concerned, it is a nonspecific parameter that does not add information as to the role of any anatomic components. The main purpose of this study was to identify and quantify an anatomic predictor of visual potential. By contrast, we compared axonal integrity to OCT-measured central macular thickness, as these two parameters involve the same anatomic elements and are both measurable along the z-axis of the retina. Furthermore, Chhablani and Freeman expressed their concern about the high predictive value generated by retinal axonal integrity versus visual acuity. In fact, anatomically, this is explained by the concepts of convergence and redundancy in retinal architecture. Clinically this is confirmed by the observation that isolated outer retinal structural damage will not produce a directly proportional functional impairment, whereas the loss of axonal integrity may have a more direct impact on visual function. The major strengths of our study are its prospective, objective, quantitative approach and the evaluation of the whole fovea using coronal OCT scans with automated image processing. Unfortunately, the literature on IS/OS junction and external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity is mostly based on retrospective studies describing qualitative parameters on OCT B scans graded by trained observers. Finally, we agree that multifactorial analysis represents the future strategy for the assessment of functional potential in macular diseases and that improved photoreceptor cell function subsequent to drainage of fluid may well increase transduction and therefore have some effect on vision. Lucia Pelosini Christopher C. Hull James F. Boyce Dominic McHugh Miles R. Stanford John Marshall
Asthma therapy for children under 5 years of age

Purpose of review The evidence for effectiveness of currently used asthma medication for wheeze in young children is reviewed. Recent findings The management of the infant and preschool child with wheezing is complicated by the uncertainty with respect to the aetiology. Difficulties in defining phenotypes and objective outcome parameters combined with the transient nature of symptoms which often resolve spontaneously have confounded many therapeutic studies. Recent studies on the effect of pharmacotherapy in wheezing infants have tried to define a more homogeneous phenotype as well as make a selection of patients that are likely to respond to the studied drug. In addition, these studies have used lung function parameters and nitric oxide as one of the outcome measurements. Studies on the nature of inflammation and the development of airway remodelling in infants and young children are done to further define phenotypes. Summary Currently, there are no evidence-based guidelines and not even consensus statements on the right approach in pharmacological treatment of wheezing in infants and preschool children. The main issue still is the difficulty in coming to a correct diagnosis. Further studies are needed on the nature and the diagnostics of phenotypes and on the effect of early intervention.
Project A : Isometric Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis vs . Healthy Subjects

A standard approach to assessing sensorimotor control is through standardised clinical procedures based on ordinal measurement scales used by a therapist who observes a subject’s movements in different predefined tasks and scores their performance. Such an assessment is subjective and may lack sensitivity. In recent years, objective, precise and sensitive approaches have been proposed for the quantification of sensorimotor function based on the use of robotic and sensor technologies [1].
Low Power CMOS Featuring Dual Work Function FUSI on HfSiON and 17ps Inverter Delay

We report record unloaded ring oscillator delay (17ps at VDD = 1.1V and 20pA/mum Ioff) using low power CMOS transistors with Ni-based fully silicided (FUSI) gates on HfSiON. This result comes from two key advancements over our previous report presented in A. Lauwers et al. (2005). First, we have improved the (unstrained) devices Idsat to be 560/245muA/mum for nMOS/pMOS at an Ioff = 20pA/mum and VDD=1.1V. Second, we demonstrate that the use of metal gates enables a reduction of the junction anneal temperature, yielding an Lgmin reduction of 7nm/14nm for nMOS/pMOS over our poly-Si/SiON reference. We also report for the first time that metal gate on HfSiON devices can outperform optimized conventional poly-Si/SiON devices by up to 25% in unloaded ring oscillator speed. Finally, our study shows that there is no intrinsic difference between Ni-FUSI compared to inserted metal gates (TiN, TaN)
Newspaper Reporting on a Cluster of Suicides in the UK: A Study of Article Characteristics Using PRINTQUAL

Background: Media reporting may influence suicide clusters through imitation or contagion. In 2008 there was extensive national and international newspaper coverage of a cluster of suicides in young people in the Bridgend area of South Wales, UK. Aims: To explore the quantity and quality of newspaper reporting during the identified cluster. Method: Searches were conducted for articles on suicide in Bridgend for 6 months before and after the defined cluster (June 26, 2007, to September 16, 2008). Frequency, quality (using the PRINTQUAL instrument), and sensationalism were examined. Results: In all, 577 newspaper articles were identified. One in seven articles included the suicide method in the headline, 47.3% referred to earlier suicides, and 44% used phrases that guidelines suggest should be avoided. Only 13% included sources of information or advice. Conclusion: A high level of poor-quality and sensationalist reporting was found during an ongoing suicide cluster at the very time when good-quality reporting could be considered important. A broad awareness of media guidelines and expansion and adherence to press codes of practice are required by journalists to ensure ethical reporting.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kebijakan Hutang pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of insider ownership, institutional ownership, dividend policy, asset structure, profitability, firm growth and business risk on debt policy. This research used for 45 non-financial companies firms which listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2005 until 2007. The result of research shows that institutional ownership, asset structure, profitability and firm growth have influence to debt policy. While insider ownership, dividend policy and business risk have not influence to debt policy.
Quantitative Motion Stereo For High Speed Car Driving

AbWaCt-Quantitative measurement of the distances to selected objects in the environment of a moving car constitutes the central theme of the paper. The investigated method is based on motion stereo supported by partially measured egomotion. S m d edge elements, detected with subpixel precision, are temporally fused with direct depth values, in order to compute reliable distance and shape estimates in 3D space, No specific assumptions about road shape, size, or appearance of other objects are necessary. Only the smooth motion of the car is evaluated quantitatively and exploited during the distance computation. High speed car driving provided the experimental environment for testing the theory with real data. The method accomplishes a prwision of + 5 m at a distance of 70 m under itypical conditions and is able to compute the distances within small image regions of interest in red-time on a standard microcomputer.
Variational State-Space Models for Localisation and Dense 3D Mapping in 6 DoF

We solve the problem of 6-DoF localisation and 3D dense reconstruction in spatial environments as approximate Bayesian inference in a deep generative approach which combines learned with engineered models. This principled treatment of uncertainty and probabilistic inference overcomes the shortcoming of current state-of-the-art solutions to rely on heavily engineered, heterogeneous pipelines. Variational inference enables us to use neural networks for system identification, while a differentiable raycaster is used for the emission model. This ensures that our model is amenable to end-to-end gradient-based optimisation. We evaluate our approach on realistic unmanned aerial vehicle flight data, nearing the performance of a state-of-the-art visual inertial odometry system. The applicability of the learned model to downstream tasks such as generative prediction and planning is investigated.
Hyperspectral Super-Resolution via Interpretable Block-Term Tensor Modeling

Hyperspectral super-resolution (HSR) aims at fusing a pair of hyperspectral and multispectral images to recover a super-resolution image (SRI). This work revisits coupled tensor decomposition (CTD)-based HSR. The vast majority of the HSR approaches take a low-rank matrix recovery perspective. The challenge is that theoretical guarantees for recovering the SRI using low-rank matrix models are either elusive or derived under stringent conditions. A couple of recent CTD-based methods ensure recoverability for the SRI under relatively mild conditions, leveraging algebraic properties of the <italic>canonical polyadic decomposition</italic> (CPD) and the <italic>Tucker</italic> decomposition models, respectively. However, the latent factors of both the CPD and Tucker models have no physical interpretations in the context of spectral image analysis, which makes incorporating prior information challenging—but using priors is often essential for enhancing performance in noisy environments. This work employs an idea that models spectral images as tensors following the block-term decomposition model with multilinear rank-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(L_r,L_r,1)$</tex-math></inline-formula> terms (i.e., the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {LL1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> model) and formulates the HSR problem as a coupled <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {LL1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> tensor decomposition problem. Similar to the existing CTD approaches, recoverability of the SRI is shown under mild conditions. More importantly, the latent factors of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {LL1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> model can be interpreted as the key constituents of spectral images, i.e., the endmembers’ spectral signatures and abundance maps. This connection allows us to incorporate prior information for performance enhancement. A flexible algorithmic framework that can work with a series of structural information is proposed to take advantages of the model interpretability. The effectiveness is showcased using simulated and real data.
Offline detection of change-points in the mean for stationary graph signals

This paper addresses the problem of segmenting a stream of graph signals: we aim to detect changes in the mean of the multivariate signal defined over the nodes of a known graph. We propose an offline algorithm that relies on the concept of graph signal stationarity and allows the convenient translation of the problem from the original vertex domain to the spectral domain (Graph Fourier Transform), where it is much easier to solve. Although the obtained spectral representation is sparse in real applications, to the best of our knowledge this property has not been much exploited in the existing related literature. Our main contribution is a change-point detection algorithm that adopts a model selection perspective, which takes into account the sparsity of the spectral representation and determines automatically the number of change-points. Our detector comes with a proof of a non-asymptotic oracle inequality, numerical experiments demonstrate the validity of our method.
Content strategies and audience response on Facebook brand pages

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse Facebook brand posts along dimensions of vividness, interactivity, novelty, brand consistency and content type and tests how these characteristics influence audience response in terms of liking and sharing brand posts. Design/methodology/approach – The sample comprised 191 brand posts sourced from the Facebook brand pages of five top selling automotive brands in the UK. Audience response was operationalised using brand post likes and brand post shares, while brand post characteristics were operationalised according to relevant theory. Poisson regression models were tested to measure the effect of brand post characteristics on audience response. Findings – The findings indicate that brand post vividness has a significant positive effect on brand post shares, but not on brand post likes. Brand post interactivity has a significant negative effect on both brand post likes and brand post shares. Brand post novelty and brand post consistency have a significant p.
Sexual Problems and Distress in United States Women: Prevalence and Correlates

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported sexual problems (any, desire, arousal, and orgasm), the prevalence of problems accompanied by personal distress, and to describe related correlates. METHODS: The 31,581 female respondents aged 18 years and older were from 50,002 households sampled from a national research panel representative of U.S. women. Correlates of each distressing sexual problem were evaluated using multiple logistic regression techniques. RESULTS: The age-adjusted point prevalence of any sexual problem was 43.1% and 22.2% for sexually related personal distress (defined as a score of at least 15 on Female Sexual Distress Scale). Any distressing sexual problem (defined as reporting both a sexual problem and sexually related personal distress, Female Sexual Distress Scale score of at least 15) occurred in 12.0% of respondents and was more common in women aged 45–64 years (14.8%) than in younger (10.8%) or older (8.9%) women. Correlates of distressing sexual problems included poor self-assessed health, low education level, depression, anxiety, thyroid conditions, and urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of distressing sexual problems peaked in middle-aged women and was considerably lower than the prevalence of sexual problems. This underlines the importance of assessing the prevalence of sexually related personal distress in accurately estimating the prevalence of sexual problems that may require clinical intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)

Temporal communication is mainly associated with the concept of time. The social network derived from temporal environment is constantly changing; a communication link can be connected and disconnected highly frequently. Further with the communication technology such as cell phone, time it self has shifted from an absolute time to a relative time. Mobile communication is closely related with temporal communication, due to its micro coordination property and also the constant establishment of links and breakage of links from time to time. To study the network in the temporal domain, we are constrained by the relative time concept. As communication behaviour is highly dynamic, we expect formation of new ties and breakages of existing ties over time. This is especially different when comparing to social network studies conducted through self report surveys as the network through self report survey remains relatively static for the duration of the survey. In our study, we are interested in how a person would be expanding its network only. Thus we use an accumulated network structure to study the total links a person acquires over time and how such influences the network position.
Entry Policy in an Open Economy

We show that with both home and foreign firms present in a market, liberalization of entry could raise or lower welfare. When goods are homogenous, we show that the optimum number of firms depends on the extent to which foreign firms are present. We show that the optimum number of firms exceeds the free entry level if there is enough of a foreign presence as measured by the fraction of foreign firms present in the domestic market. We also show how factors such as the source of entry, home or foreign, the extent of product differentiation within and between home and foreign firms, and the extent of fixed costs affect the desirability of free entry.
Gaussian Process bandits with adaptive discretization

In this paper, the problem of maximizing a black-box function $f:\mathcal{X} \to \mathbb{R}$ is studied in the Bayesian framework with a Gaussian Process (GP) prior. In particular, a new algorithm for this problem is proposed, and high probability bounds on its simple and cumulative regret are established. The query point selection rule in most existing methods involves an exhaustive search over an increasingly fine sequence of uniform discretizations of $\mathcal{X}$. The proposed algorithm, in contrast, adaptively refines $\mathcal{X}$ which leads to a lower computational complexity, particularly when $\mathcal{X}$ is a subset of a high dimensional Euclidean space. In addition to the computational gains, sufficient conditions are identified under which the regret bounds of the new algorithm improve upon the known results. Finally an extension of the algorithm to the case of contextual bandits is proposed, and high probability bounds on the contextual regret are presented.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACCEPTABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSPORT PRICING. IN: ACCEPTABILITY OF TRANSPORT PRICING STRATEGIES

This paper discusses transport pricing from a psychological perspective. Data is presented from studies conducted at the University of Groningen during the last decade. The advantages and disadvantages of transport pricing are described, as are factors affecting the acceptability of pricing instruments. Situations wherein such pricing schemes might not be effective are also discussed. Because pricing strategies are only one way of influencing transport behavior, an overview of possible strategies for behavior change is also given.
Institutional Investment and Private Equity in the UK

A recent report by Paul Myners for the UK Treasury has provided a wealth of information on the structure and operation of the pension fund industry in the UK. The report points to serious deficiencies in the governance of pension funds. These concerns are of considerable significance in their own right. But a fundamental focus of the Review is on their impact on the provision of private equity in the UK. This paper summarizes evidence from the Review and evaluates its proposed remedies. It concludes that to the extent that there is a private equity failure in the UK, it has less to do with the governance of institutions than with diversity and innovation in institutional design. The paper argues that financial regulation bears critically on the extent of institutional innovation and that US regulation has allowed its financial sector to respond more readily to the needs of high technology sectors than the UK's.
HIV Risk among Pregnant Teenagers with a History of Interpersonal Violence

This study examined the relationship among interpersonal violence, depressive symptoms, and HIV risk behaviors among pregnant teenagers. A sample of 116 pregnant teenagers was recruited in Rhode Island. Multivariate logistic regressions tested whether or not the relationship between history of interpersonal violence and HIV risk remained after controlling for age and education. Participants reported a young age of sexual debut and low rates of condom use. Multivariate logistic regressions indicate a significant relationship between interpersonal violence and HIV risk but not in degree of depression symptoms and HIV risk. Pregnant teenagers with a history of interpersonal violence could benefit from interventions that address HIV risk.