Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CCIDE_A_237442 17..24

Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/W9qD2b7Eg4o Background: After endodontic treatment, a proper restorative technique is necessary to ensure coronal seal and protection of residual dental structure; teethwhich have lost twoormorewalls need to be restored with posts to increase retention and stability of final restoration. Posts can be distinguished in prefabricated and customized, which are manufactured by lost wax technique or CAD-CAM. Purpose: Digital dentistry has been developed to increase workflow precision and to accelerate production process; use of CAD-CAM to realize customized posts was limited to scanning plaster models obtained from traditional impressions. Patients and Methods: In the reported case an intraoral scan was used to mill a post and core restoration on an endodontically treated inferior premolar; this operative protocol was based on previous in vitro experiments that confirmed the ability of 3shape Trios scanner to read post-space up to 9 mm in depth. Results: The digital technique allows us to convert the concave surface of the root canal into the convex surface of the post, and realize an anatomical post and core that improves the biomechanics of the endodontically treated tooth reducing the possibility of root fractures. Conclusion: The use of an intraoral digital scanner represents an opportunity for the clinician as it speeds up the production of an anatomical post and core restorations.
Changes in the levels of abscisic acid and its glucose ester conjugate during maturation of hybrid larch (Larix x leptoeuropaea) somatic embryos, in relation to germination and plantlet recovery

Changes in abscisic acid content during maturation of hybrid larch somatic embryos (Larix × leptoeuropaea), were followed using an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). In the presence of 60 μM cis-trans (±)-ABA in the maturation medium, the cis-trans (±)-ABA level of the somatic embryos in planta increased during the maturation phase to reach a maximum value at week 5. Concomitantly, an extension of the period of maturation from 3 to 4 and 5 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in both germination and plantlet frequencies. As a consequence, we assume that it was the level of ABA in planta that was responsible for the inhibition. ABA acted in both a stimulatory and an inhibitory manner. If ABA promoted the obtention of high quality somatic embryos in large numbers, it also had a deleterious effect on the subsequent development, i.e. germination and plantlet recovery. The results stressed the importance of both the procedure and duration of maturation.
ON THE USE OF METAPODIALS AS TOOLS AT SCHÖNINGEN 13II-4

The Schöningen 13II-4 “Spear Horizon” provides an unparalleled view of Middle Pleistocene hominin technological and subsistence behaviours. The site preserves the remains of more than fi fty butchered horses in addition to other large mammals, but the associated lithic assemblage is relatively small. As a complement to the lithic tools, Middle Pleistocene hominins at Schöningen used a variety of bone implements related to stone tool manufacture and maintenance. Here we describe a collection of metapodials from the Schöningen 13II-4 Spear Horizon interpreted as soft hammers. These bones bear consistent patterns of damage to the proximal and distal ends, indicating their repeated use in heavy percussive activities. We present the results of preliminary experimental studies aimed to better understand how and for what purposes these implements were used, and we conclude that the damage to the Schöningen metapodials is consistent with use in both stone working and bone breaking tasks. Based on the apparent lack of large stone cobbles in the lithic assemblage, the metapodial tools likely replaced hammerstones in the lithic chaîne opératoire and in processing bones for marrow. While it is clear that metacarpals and metatarsals were preferred over other bones for use as soft hammers, there is a relative lack of metapodials among the roughly 15,000 faunal remains in the entire assemblage. This pattern of skeletal part representation indicates that metapodials may have been transported away from the Schöningen 13II-4 site to be used at other locations across the landscape. Together with the well-known spears, these bone implements underscore the importance of non-lithic technologies for Middle Pleistocene hominins.
Investigating diversity dependence of tropical forest litter decomposition: experiments and observations from Central Africa

Questions: Mixed litter may decompose at different rates to single-species litter, leading to differences in ecosystem functioning and decomposition. Studies of the effects of different litter species and combinations are rare in tropical forests and absent from African forests. Therefore we investigated: (1) Are there differences in litter decomposition in two forest types differing in tree diversity; and (2) is litter decomposition diversity-dependent? Location: Old-growth moist evergreen tropical forest Dja Faunal Reserve, southeast Cameroon. Methods: We calculate decomposition rates (leaf litter fall/leaf litter standing crop) along a tree diversity gradient in two forest types (naturally occurring low-diversity monodominant and adjacent higher-diversity mixed forest). Both forests experience the same climate on the same soil type; the former is dominated by a single species, Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild.) J. Leonard, probably due to lack of a long-term disturbance and has similar edaphic factors. Decomposition experiments were conducted in both forest types using single and mixed species litter bags of standard high-quality (bay leaves; Laurus nobilis L.) and low-quality (G. dewevrei) litter over 9 months. Results: The estimated decomposition rate in mixed forest was four times faster than in monodominant forest, and not significantly correlated with local quadrat-scale tree species diversity. The litter bag experiment showed that decomposition of high-quality leaves was faster than low-quality leaves (k values: 2.0 yr? 1 vs 0.6 yr? 1). Decay rates for each single species litter type were not significantly different in both forest types. However, G. dewevrei litter in mixed bags decomposed faster than in single-species bags in mixed forest, suggesting an impact of litter mixing on decomposition. In addition, bay litter in mixed bags decomposed faster in mixed than in monodominant forests across the three study sites. Conclusion: The observed difference in litter decomposition rate between low-diversity monodominant and adjacent high-diversity forest is more likely due to dominance of low-quality G. dewevrei litter, rather than low-diversity of the litter itself.
Spectral classification of blue supergiants in M31

Blue supergiants are the visually brightest stars with luminosities reaching up to several 10 times the solar luminosity. Their masses are in the range of a few tens of solar masses. At the same time, they are enormously large with radii comparable to the Earth’s orbit. Because of those features they have been identified as very promising targets for stellar astronomy, enabling quantitative spectral analysis outside the Milky Way [4, 1]. This work adds to these efforts by looking at the closest spiral galaxy, M31 (Andromeda). As a first step for future quantitative studies, high resolution spectra of ∼ 30 objects from the NGC 206 association within M31 were classified and placed in a HertzsprungRussell diagram.
Development of an Instrument for Measuring Telemedicine Satisfaction

The growing adoption and potential benefits of telemedicine have led to an increase interest in studying the usage of these systems (Hailey et al. 2004; Saliba et al. 2012). Studies suggest satisfaction with telemedicine is high. However it is unclear whether existing methodologies successfully capture satisfaction with telemedicine and the extent to which results can apply to other contexts (Mair and Whitten 2000; Whitten and Love 2005). Reviews of the literature conducted on telemedicine show that it is common for researchers to develop their own instruments for measuring satisfaction and that the reliability and validity of these instruments is not often shown (Kraai et al. 2011; Williams et al. 2001).
Effects of multiple replacements at a single position on the folding and stability of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli.

We have made multiple replacements (alanine, arginine, cysteine, histidine, isoleucine, serine, tyrosine) of valine-75 in dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli to examine the relative importance to protein folding of the position that is substituted and the specific character of the amino acid replacement. Valine-75 is part of the eight-stranded beta sheet that forms the structural core of the protein. The isopropyl side chain participates in van der Waals interactions with a number of nonpolar residues, helping to establish a large hydrophobic cluster. Equilibrium studies showed that arginine, histidine, isoleucine, serine, and tyrosine destabilize the protein by 1.9-2.8 kcal mol-1. Alanine and cysteine substitutions have little or no effect. Contrary to other recent studies of the effect of multiple replacements at a hydrophobic site, there is no observed correlation between the changes of the free energy of folding and the changes of the free energy of transfer for the individual amino acids from water to an organic solvent when they are inserted into this site. The effects observed in kinetic studies are both consistent with and extend the equilibrium results; these data indicate that position 75 participates in a rate-limiting step of folding. Some of the equilibrium and kinetic properties of the tyrosine-75 mutant deviated significantly from those of wild-type protein and the other mutants at position 75. (1) The tyrosine variant displayed a complex banding pattern when analyzed by native gel electrophoresis; the wild-type protein and all other mutants at position 75 migrated as single, discrete bands. (2) Comparison of the difference ultraviolet and circular dichroism transition curves showed that a third species is populated at equilibrium; the wild-type protein and all other mutants at position 75 follow a two-state model involving only native and unfolded forms. (3) A third kinetic phase appeared in the unfolding reaction; the wild-type protein and all other mutants at position 75 only showed two kinetic phases in unfolding. Properties 1 and 3 suggest that the tyrosine mutation significantly alters the distribution of native conformers in the protein. These effects on the equilibrium and kinetic data readily display an overriding pattern: residues that would require hydrogen bonding or lead to an expansion of the tightly packed hydrophobic environment in which valine-75 resides destabilize the protein and alter relaxation times of kinetic phases in a consistent manner. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
SOD

A major concern for today’s smartphones is their much faster battery drain than traditional feature phones, despite their greater battery capacities. The difference is mainly contributed by those more powerful but also much more power-consuming smartphone components, such as the multi-core application processor and the high-definition (HD) display. While the application processor must be active when any smart apps are being used, it is also unnecessarily waken up, even during idle periods, to perform operations related to basic phone functions (i.e., incoming calls and text messages). In addition, the power-hungry HD display is also used unnecessarily for such basic functions. In this article, we investigate how to increase the battery life of smartphones by minimizing the use of application processor and HD display for operations related to basic functions. We find that the application processor is often waken up by a process running on it, called the Radio Interface Layer Daemon (RILD), which interfaces the user and apps to the GSM/LTE cellular network. In particular, we demonstrate that a great amount of energy could be saved if RILD is stopped, such that the application processor can sleep more often. Based on this key finding, we design a Smart On Demand (SOD) configuration that reduces the smartphone energy consumption by running RILD operations on a secondary low-power microcontroller and by using a secondary low-power display to interface the user with basic functions. As a result, basic phone functions can be handled at much lower energy costs and the power-consuming components, i.e., application processor and HD display, are waken up only when one needs to use any smart apps, in an on-demand manner. We have built a hardware prototype of SOD and evaluated it with real user traces. Our results show that SOD can increase its battery life by up to 2.5 more days.
A HEARING AID

Loss of directional hearing is not only related to one-sided deafness, but may also occur when using hearing aids or cochlear implants. Loss of directional hearing does not only mean a significant reduction in quality of life. It becomes a risk factor when it prevents, for example, reacting quickly to a potentially dangerous situation in traffic. The aim of the project is to process auditory signals so that they are suitable for visual sensory perception in order to help hearing impaired people. Two prototypes are presented to graphically display sound. Despite their limited functionality, they demonstrate the technical feasibility of such a device consisting of commercially available components at a reasonable price. The first prototype is based on a Raspberry Pi with a 3.2 inch display. The sound acquisition is done with 4 lavalier microphones and USB sound cards. The second prototype is also based on a Raspberry Pi. However, sound processing is moved to an enhanced computing platform with an array of 8 SMD microphones, to ensure a synchronous sound sampling, and a sound source location framework is used. Visualization options based on the requirements of hearing impaired people are introduced. Lessons learned are discussed and future work is presented.
Characteristics of Dormancy of June-Bearing Strawberry(Fragaria Xananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta)

Abstract The development of Fragaria xananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta was analyzed during summer and fall in order to define the sequence of growth alteration and dormancy with regard to inflorescence initiation. The leaf growth as well as the initiation of the inflorescence buds were followed in the fall by conditions imposed in a climate chamber, with plants then being transfered to conditions favorable for growth. Results pointed to clear changes in leaf growth characteristics over the late summer-early fall (September-October) period while the leaf emergence rate remained constant up to mid-October when it stopped. The first sign of inflorescence initiation started in early October, and the differentiation of the terminal flower reached the stamen initiation stage within 2 weeks. From early November, the terminal flower had initiated the carpel primordia and no further differentiation was detected later on. The plant growth potential, expressed by the size, at full growth, of the leaf or inflorescence axis emerging from the terminal bud, decreased progressively from early September and reached a minimum between October and November. By mid-December, the growth capacity of the plant was restored to a situation similar to that described for early September.
ROLE OF MICROFINANCE AND MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS MODELS IN IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE-A CRITICAL REVIEW

1,2,3 Department of Management, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, INDIA. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: With globalization of microfinance models, it accrues a lot of financial services to the needy like saving programs, agricultural housing, credit for microenterprises, education and consumer purchases, insurance, training, and other financial based transactions. Moreover, all Micro Financial Institutions (MFI) worldwide don’t function in a uniform manner, rather they differs when it comes to ownership, structure of organization, rendering of financial services, lending criteria and sources related to funding. In this respect, there are some institutions where clients themselves own but functions as per the prescribed rules by community members. Again, there are some institutions which come under the purview of Governments, NGOs or banking entities. In spite of variation in ownership and structure, poor has the access to avail loans and to repay the same. The present paper critically reviews the role of microfinance and microfinance institution models in enhancing quality of life. This review restricted on how Microfinance and Microfinance Institution models addressed the development rather than its impact from MFI.
Doing More with Less: The Catalytic Function of IMF Lending and the Role of Program Size

Financial assistance provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is supposed to unlock other financing, acting as a catalyst for private capital flows. The empirical evidence of the presence of such a catalytic effect has, however, been mixed. This paper shows that a possible explanation for the rather inconclusive empirical evidence to date is the neglect of the size of an IMF program. Applying a novel identification strategy to account for endogenous selection into (large) adjustment programs, and using a comprehensive data set spanning the years 1990-2018, we show that the catalytic effect of IMF financial assistance is weakened - and potentially reversed - if the size of a program exceeds a certain level. We argue that large IMF financial assistance coupled with the IMF's preferred creditor status can lead to a crowding-out of private investors by increasing their loss in the event of default. Our findings add to the debate on the optimal size of Fund-supported programs and can also inform the broader policy discussions on the adequacy of IMF resources.
Analyzing shape deformation and rigid body movement of structures using commonly misaligned terrestrial laser scanners: the radio telescope case

Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) suffer from internal misalignments leading to systematic measurement errors. In most cases, these systematic errors surpass the magnitude of random errors. Hence, it is necessary to account for systematic errors within the deformation analysis in order to obtain unbiased results. Within this work, we present and compare several strategies for dealing with these TLS misalignments without the need of a previous calibration. These strategies are based on two-face measurements, an in-situ TLS calibration and a combination of both in a bundle adjustment. Furthermore, we analyze if changing measurement geometries, i.e., variations of the station of the instrument w.r. t. the object under investigation, improve the sensitivity of this bundle adjustment regarding the estimation of the calibration parameters. We investigate these strategies based on a specific example: The elevation-dependent deformation analysis of radio telescopes that are used for geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). Within one measurement campaign, the radio telescopes rotate around their elevation axes. For this rotation, we need to know if the telescopes' reference points are stable and if the radio telescopes' main reflectors deform. While the first possible deformation equals a rigid body movement, the second one equals a shape deformation. Our results demonstrate that the shape deformation as well as the rigid body movement are least affected by the TLS misalignments if measuring in two-faces, calibrating the scanner in-situ and varying the measurement geometry. Although we only draw our conclusions based on the empirical results of this specific example, they are transferable to other deformation analyses using terrestrial laser scanners.
Language Deﬁned Behavior for Humanoid Control

—Humanoid robots are meant as an artiﬁcial surrogate for humans in the real world due to their anthropomorphic form and the ability to act like human agents in a world modiﬁed for humans. Current control interfaces for these robots do not reﬂect this philosophy, where robots wait for explicit commands. In this work, we suggest a universal natural language interface that guides humanoid robots via an accessible platform for untrained operators to to reﬁne object detection and motion planners.
Effects of Relationship with Adult Children on Mental Health of the Elderly in China

To study how a relationship with the adult and children relate to the mental health of the elderly in China, we draw unique panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). By using the 2015 wave which consists of 21095 Chinese residents ages 45 and older and 12235 households, we construct a regression model using the number of times of visit in a year and total support from children as independent variables and depression rate as the dependent variable. The regression analysis reveals that greater times of visit by children is associated with lower depression rate. Monetary support and in-kind support, however, do not necessarily result in better mental health condition. These findings provide some evidence on the importance of children accompany on the mental health of the elderly, which is supported by the results of other related research. Discussions on further implication of the results from both the individual and society’s perspective are also included as a suggestion for future improvement.
MOSAIC: A Joint Modeling Methodology for Combined Circadian and Non-Circadian Analysis of Multi-Omics Data

Motivation Circadian rhythms are approximately 24 hour endogenous cycles that control many biological functions. To identify these rhythms, biological samples are taken over circadian time and analyzed using a single omics type, such as transcriptomics or proteomics. By comparing data from these single omics approaches, it has been shown that transcriptional rhythms are not necessarily conserved at the protein level, implying extensive circadian post-transcriptional regulation. However, as proteomics methods are known to be noisier than transcriptomic methods, this suggests that previously identified arrhythmic proteins with rhythmic transcripts could have been missed due to noise and may not be due to post-transcriptional regulation. Results To determine if one can use information from less-noisy transcriptomic data to inform rhythms in more-noisy proteomic data, and thus more accurately identify rhythms in the proteome, we have created the MOSAIC (Multi-Omics Selection with Amplitude Independent Criteria) application. MOSAIC combines model selection and joint modeling of multiple omics types to recover significant circadian and non-circadian trends. Using both synthetic data and proteomic data from Neurospora crassa, we showed that MOSAIC accurately recovers circadian rhythms at higher rates in not only the proteome but the transcriptome as well, outperforming existing methods for rhythm identification. In addition, by quantifying non-circadian trends in addition to circadian trends in data, our methodology allowed for the recognition of the diversity of circadian regulation as compared to non-circadian regulation. Availability MOSAIC’s full interface is available at https://github.com/delosh653/MOSAIC. Contact hurlej2@rpi.edu Supplementary information Supplementary data are available.at Bioinformatics online.