Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysing botanical collecting effort in Amazonia and correcting for it in species range estimation

Aim The aim of this study is to analyse the distribution pattern of the botanical collecting effort in Amazonia so that it can be accounted for when interpreting phytogeographical patterns such as inferred species ranges. We also develop a mechanistic and transparent method for taking into account the bias in collecting effort when estimating likelihoods of species occurrences.
Inheritance and mapping of protein markers detecting polymorphism among Cajanus cajan and C. scarabaeoides genotypes with contrasting host response to pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera)

SDS-PAGE of seed albumins and seed globulins of two parental genotypes C. cajan cv. T-21 (susceptible to pod borer) and C. scarabaeoides acc. ICPW-94 (resistant to pod borer) led to the detection of 24 and 18 polypeptides of heterogeneous molecular weight ranging from 14.5 to 111.9 kDa, respectively. Of these, 12 polypeptides including six albumins and six globulins were varied for their expression between the parents, and segregated among 106 F2-3 progenies. Linkage analysis based on segregation data of 12 protein markers and one simple inherited trait locus conferring field resistance to pod borer (PPB1) led to grouping of 10 markers and PPB1 locus into two linkage groups. Linkage group 1 included three globulin (Glb1617.5, Glb1038.9, Glb255.9) and three albumin (Alb764.7, Alb2120.7 and Alb2319.1) markers, and spanned over 83.6 cM. The linkage group 2 distributed over 56.7 cM and it accommodated five markers including three globulin markers (Glb354.4, Glb548.6, Glb1519.5), and one albumin marker (Alb956.6) and PPB1. The trait locus PPB1 was flanked by Alb956.6 and Glb1519.5 with recombination fraction value of 0.152 (15.7 cM) and 0.193 (20.3 cM), respectively. Both Alb956.6 and Glb1519.5 markers linked to pod borer resistance in coupling phase, and they could be used for marker assisted introgression of the pod borer resistant allele in the future.
Listeriosis, salmonellosis and verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli: significance and contamination in processed meats.

Abstract: Processed meat is a main source and route of infection by foodborne pathogens. The control of hygiene from farm to fork cannot be emphasised enough either by legislation or by continuous educating and training. Monitoring and sampling are of paramount importance for complete food chain control and management and in particular a reliable cold chain recording system under legislative control is necessary. Many worldwide standard food operation guidelines are in place to ensure food standards. In spite of this there are still increased incidences of infection due to select microorganisms. Climate changes may alter the pathogen profile in some areas. The changes in farm stocking densities have led to the emergence of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis), a respiratory animal pathogen. Food processing increases the probability of foodborne illnesses due to increased opportunity of the organism to spread and sequester in the processed food matrix. This chapter will review the significant number of select organisms that cause disease in meat processed foods. The importance of the ability of many microbes to form viable but non-culturable forms will be discussed.
The role of fruit traits in determining fruit removal in East Mediterranean ecosystems.

The removal of seeds from parent plants by dispersers has been studied for several decades (Ridley, 1930; Van der Pijl, 1982; Janzen, 1983). The reliance of many fleshyfruited plants, especially in the tropics, on birds and mammals for seed dispersal gave rise to the theory of a coevolved mutualism between fruiting plants and seed-dispersing birds (Snow, 1971; McKey, 1975; Janzen, 1983). On the basis of historical and phylogenetic effects, the current belief is that seeddispersers are neither strongly selecting any fruit traits nor promoting evolutionary radiation (Herrera, 1985). It is still plausible, however, that selection pressures of fleshy-fruited plants on the seed-dispersers shape physiological, digestive and behavioural adaptations of the dispersers (Herrera, 1987, 1992, 1995). Because fruits must be removed before seeds can be dispersed, fruit removal is probably an important component of plant fitness. The degree to which fruits are removed by seed-dispersers is likely to influence the strength of the plant–frugivore interactions. Substantial intraspecific variation in fruit removal has been demonstrated among individual plants within sites in the same year (Courtney and Manzur, 1985; Denslow, 1987; Sargent, 1990; Laska and Stiles, 1994; Izhaki, 1998a), within sites between years (Jordano, 1987; Sallabanks, 1992) and between sites (Alcántara et al., 1997). Interspecific variation in fruit removal has also been found among species in the same site (Herrera, 1984; Izhaki and Safriel, 1985). Furthermore, fruit removal is highly habitat-dependent, as shown by Herrera (1995), who found that fruitremoval success is much higher in lowland habitats (mean = 90.2%) than in highlands (mean = 62.1%) in the western Mediterranean region. These studies reveal that many factors contribute simultaneously to variation in fruitremoval rates, that different factors operate in different habitats and that complex multilevel interactions make it difficult to distinguish general patterns. I test three hypotheses that account for withinand among-species variation in fruit removal:
Radiotherapie versus Chirurgie für Kopf-Hals-Tumoren (Mundhöhle, Oropharynx, Larynx, Hypopharynx)

Plattenepithelkarzinome im Kopf-Hals-Bereich konnen mittels Chirurgie, Radiotherapie und Chemotherapie oder einer Kombination der verschiedenen Modalitaten behandelt werden. Wahrend bei Fruhstadien meist die unimodale Therapie zur Krankheitskontrolle fuhrt, wird bei fortgeschrittenen Stadien (Stadium III und IV) zur Kuration eine Kombinationstherapie erforderlich. Bei der Wahl der initialen Modalitat spielen verschiedene Faktoren eine Rolle. Genauer Ort und Ausdehnung des Tumors, Lymphknoten-Status, allfallige Vorbehandlungen oder -erkrankungen, die erwartete posttherapeutische Funktionalitat des betroffenen Organs und nicht zuletzt Patienten-Praferenzen mussen sorgfaltig abgewogen werden. Die Entscheidung zur Therapie sollte stets interdisziplinar und erst nach umfassender Diagnostik getroffen werden.
Soil Incorporation of Cruciferous Plant Residues As a Control Strategy FOR PANTOEA ANANATIS COLONIZATION OF ONION SEEDLINGS

The effect of cruciferous plant residues (milled seeds of mustard and rapeseed meals) on the colonization of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling roots by Pantoea ananatis was investigated. These materials incorporated into a peat medium at a dosage of 0.5% (w/v) decreased the colonization of onion seedlings by the pathogenic bacterium. These materials showed also a positive effect on the growth of onion seedlings, increasing fresh plant weight by three to fivefolds. Moreover, the total microorganism population was higher in the peat medium additioned with plant materials than in the control. An increase in the total number of bacteria and actinomycetes was observed, which may have caused a higher suppressiveness of the peat medium towards P. ananatis. On the other hand, the biological active compounds released from crucifers may have inhibited the growth of the bacterium.
Fertilization and Establishment of Polarity in the Embryo

I. INTRODUCTION The body plan of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is established during the first few cleavages. The reproducible orientations of these cleavages coupled with asymmetric localization of cytoplasmic components initiate processes that establish the three principal axes of the body and set the fates of the six founder cells. In this chapter, we review the current understanding of mechanisms controlling the early cleavages, and we address the following issues: (1) when and how embryonic polarity is established, (2) how cytoplasmic factors are differentially partitioned along an axis, and (3) how spindle positioning is controlled to generate cells of the correct sizes, in the correct positions, and with the correct contents. A. Overview of Embryogenesis For detailed descriptions of C. elegans embryogenesis, see Sulston et al. (1983), which describes the entire embryonic lineage, and Wood (1988) and Strome (1989). It takes 14 hours at 20°C for a newly fertilized embryo to complete embryogenesis and hatch from its eggshell into a juvenile worm. During the first few hours, the embryo undergoes a series of four unequal divisions, to produce five somatic founder cells (AB, E, MS, C, and D) and the primordial germ cell (P 4 ) by the 28-cell stage (Figs. 1 and 2a–i). Gastrulation begins at the 28-cell stage when the two daughters of E move to the interior of the embryo (Fig. 2i), followed later by P 4 and some of the descendants of MS, C, D, and AB. These cell movements, coupled with continued proliferation, result in a generally.
Toward a molecular understanding of Candida albicans virulence.

It is well known that putative Candida albicans virulence factors include adhesins, the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, cellular morphogenesis, and phenotypic switching. In this chapter, the authors argue in favor of the recent suggestion that virulence factors are expressed at the cell surface and contribute directly to fungus-host interactions. However, the chapter also highlights the importance of C. albicans fitness attributes for virulence. The overall aim must be to increase the precision with which the roles of specific C. albicans virulence and fitness factors can be dissected. If the consequence of virulence is host damage and the aim is to assess the roles of specific molecular virulence factors in inflicting this damage, then experimental models of Candida infection should permit quantification of such damage. The most widely used animal model of hematogenously disseminated Candida infection (candidemia) involves intravenous challenge of mice with an inoculum that is lethal in virulent, wild-type strains. Its scientific advantage is that it offers high reproducibility and is currently by far the most widely used assay of C. albicans virulence. One possible conclusion from the very large numbers of putative virulence factors discovered by gene disruption approaches is that C. albicans is highly susceptible to the consequences of many different gene disruptions. Morphological interchange between yeast, pseudohyphal, and hyphal forms is one of the earliest recognized properties of C. albicans.
Towards Power-Aware Data Pipelining on Multicores

Power consumption management has become a major concern in software development. Continuous streaming computations are usually composed by di ↵ erent modules, exchanging data through shared message queues. The selection of the algorithm used to access such queues (i.e., the concurrency control ) is a critical aspect for both performance and power consumption. In this paper, we describe the design of an adaptive concurrency control algorithm for implementing power-e � cient communications on shared memory multicores. The algorithm provides the throughput o ↵ ered by a nonblocking implementation and the power e � ciency of a blocking protocol. We demon-strate that our algorithm reduces the power consumption of data streaming computations without decreasing their throughput.
The contributions of topoclimate and land cover to species distributions and abundance: fine-resolution tests for a mountain butterfly fauna

Aim Models relating species distributions to climate or habitat are widely used to predict the effects of global change on biodiversity. Most such approaches assume that climate governs coarse-scale species ranges, whereas habitat limits fine-scale distributions. We tested the influence of topoclimate and land cover on butterfly distributions and abundance in a mountain range, where climate may vary as markedly at a fine scale as land cover. Location Sierra de Guadarrama (Spain, southern Europe) Methods We sampled the butterfly fauna of 180 locations (89 in 2004, 91 in 2005) in a 10,800 km2 region, and derived generalized linear models (GLMs) for species occurrence and abundance based on topoclimatic (elevation and insolation) or habitat (land cover, geology and hydrology) variables sampled at 100-m resolution using GIS. Models for each year were tested against independent data from the alternate year, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (distribution) or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) (abundance). Results In independent model tests, 74% of occurrence models achieved AUCs of > 0.7, and 85% of abundance models were significantly related to observed abundance. Topoclimatic models outperformed models based purely on land cover in 72% of occurrence models and 66% of abundance models. Including both types of variables often explained most variation in model calibration, but did not significantly improve model cross-validation relative to topoclimatic models. Hierarchical partitioning analysis confirmed the overriding effect of topoclimatic factors on species distributions, with the exception of several species for which the importance of land cover was confirmed. Main conclusions Topoclimatic factors may dominate fine-resolution species distributions in mountain ranges where climate conditions vary markedly over short distances and large areas of natural habitat remain. Climate change is likely to be a key driver of species distributions in such systems and could have important effects on biodiversity. However, continued habitat protection may be vital to facilitate range shifts in response to climate change.
Mechanisms of senescence bypass in cells derived from the Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation assay

Recent European legislation has enforced a reduction in the use of animal models for safety assessment purposes and carcinogenicity testing. The Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation assay (SHE CTA) has been proposed as a suitable animal alternative, but its implementation into test batteries has been delayed. This is due to concerns regarding the assay’s endpoint subjectivity and, moreover, the model’s relevance to carcinogenicity remains mostly unexplored. Senescence is an essential barrier against uncontrolled cell proliferation and its evasion is necessary for clonal evolution and tumour development. Carcinogenesis can be modelled by reproducing underlying mechanisms leading to senescence bypass. In this project, the SHE CTA was performed using the known mutagen and human carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, and the resulting SHE colonies were analysed. It was found that morphological transformation (MT) does not guarantee senescence bypass and cell immortalisation, but increases the likelihood of MT-derived cells subsequently acquiring unlimited growth potential. A limited number (between 10 and 20 %) of MT colonies produced cell clones capable of sustained proliferation and in most cases secondary events were necessary for the evasion of senescence barriers. With regard to mechanisms, p53 point mutations were present in 30 % of immortal B(a)Pinduced MT colony-derived cells and located within the protein’s DNA binding domain. No p16 mutations were identified. Expression of p16 mRNA was commonly silenced or markedly reduced by a combination of mechanisms including monoallelic deletion, promoter methylation and BMI-1 overexpression. Taking advantage of the recently available Syrian hamster genomic sequence information generated by the Broad Institute, the coding regions of the Syrian hamster CDKN2A/B locus were shown to have good homology to human nucleotide sequences and confirmed the exonic structures of SH p16, ARF and p15. The findings further implicate the importance of p16 in regulating senescence while providing a molecular evaluation of SHE CTA-derived MT clones.
Phylogeny, Phylogeography and colonization patterns of reptiles in Indian Ocean Islands

2 Introduction 2 Material and methods 3 Results and discussion 4 Phelsuma barbouri group 9 Phelsuma dubia group II Phelsuma mulabilis group 13 Phelsuma cepediana group 13 Phelsuma aslriata group 14 Phelsuma madagascariensis group 15 Phelsuma lineala group 19 Phelsuma laticauda group 23 Phelsuma klemmeri group 23 Phelsuma andamanense group 24 Phelsuma standingi group 24 Species not assigned to any species group 24 Conclusion 25 Acknowledgements 25 References 26 Accepted by A. Bauer: 1 Mar. 2010; published: 19 Apr. 2010 |
The influence of ground surfaces on urban climate

INTRODUCTION. In the context of global climate change the term urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon that has been observed in recent years (Oke 1982). UHI have a negative influence on the water cycle and on human health. Within the same city important differences in temperature can be observed. These differences depend to a high degree on the type of ground surface (e.g. impermeable and permeable surfaces, waterbodies, parks, etc.) (Kustas 2000).
Effect of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff essential oil on promastigot form of Leishmania major (in vitro)

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. In this study, the effects of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff essential oil on the promastigot form of Leishmania major were studied. Methods: In this study, the effects of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff essential oil on the promastigot form of Leishmania major were assessed by calculating the average number of surviving promastigots after exposure to different concentrations of essential oil, relative to the control Glucantime, at different time intervals. To achieve this, various essential oil concentrations (7.5 µl, 15 µl, 25 µl, 35.25 µl, 50 µl) were added to parasites. Different groups in this study were kept in a 26°C incubator under identical conditions. 24, 48 and 72 hours after incubation, living promastigots were counted. Results: The effect of the essential oil of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff differed from the negative and positive controls and depended on the concentration: higher concentrations (35.25 µl, 50 µl) had a stronger effect on promastigots, causing total mortality. Conclusion: This study showed that Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff essential oil had effects on promastigot form of Leishmania major. So it might be possible to use the essential oil of Kelussia odoratissima instead of chemical drugs. A R T I C L E I N F O
Confidentiality, Disclosure and Data Access: Theory and Practical Applications for Statistical Agencies

Disclosure limitation methods in use - results of a survey, F. Felso, J. Theeuwes, G.G. Wagner Information Explosion, L. Sweeney Disclosure risk assessment, M. Elliot Disclosure control methods and information loss for microdata, J. Domingo-Ferrer, V. Torra A quantitative comparison of disclosure control methods for microdata, J. Domingo-Ferrer, V. Torra Disclosure limitation methods and information loss for tabular data, G.T. Duncan, et al Disclosure risk for tabular economic data, L.H Cox Nonperturbative disclosure control methods for tabular data, S. Giessing Disclosure limitation in longitudinal linked data, J.M. Abowd, S.D. Woodcock Licensing, M.M. Seastrom Issues in the establishment and management of secure research sites, T. Dunne The potential of confidentiality and attitudes toward data sharing by federal agencies, E. Singer The privacy context of survey response - an ethnographic account, E.R. Gerber. Business perceptions of confidentiality, N. Greenia, J. Bradford Jensen, J. Lane.
Evaluating species limits and hybridization in the Carex complanata complex using morphology, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and restriction fragment analysis1

We used a combination of morphology, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), and restriction-site data from 252 individuals from 51 populations to investigate species limits and hybridization in the Carex complanata complex. Principal coordinate analysis of the morphological data shows clear separation of entities corresponding to Carex bushii Mackenzie and Carex caroliniana Schwein. However, only leaf indumentum reliably distinguished between Carex hirsutella Mackenzie and Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. Despite this very subtle difference, AFLP data reveal very clear genetic separation of these two taxa. Contrary to the assertions of previous authors, we found no evidence of introgression among C. complanata, C. caroliniana, and C. bushii. Relatively high genetic variation within C. hirsutella may be an indication of gene-flow between this species and one or more other species, but further work is necessary to clarify this issue. We document six previously undescribed sterile or nearly sterile hybrids involving the species in this
The Impacts of Parasite Prevalence on the Diet of the Host

Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are the final host for raccoon roundworms (Baylisascaris procyonis) (Page et al., 2005). Raccoon roundworm is the leading cause of a dangerous neurological disease, known as larva migrans encephalopathy (Blizzard et al., 2010). Raccoons are omnivorous animals, and rely on various food items. Page et al. (2011) found that raccoons eat whatever food resource is most convenient and abundant. Raccoons in similar habitats have similar diets, regardless of the geographical closeness of the habitats (Rulison et al., 2012).
THE EFFECTS OF PARAMETRIC EXCITATION AND OF DISPERSAL ON THE DYNAMICS OF DISCRETE-TIME POPULATION MODELS.

Parametric excitation and dispersal are added to discrete-time population models. Discrete-time models for growth with dispersal share many of the attributes of reaction-diffusion equations. At the same time, these models readily exhibit period doubling and chaos. Large parametric excitation (seasonality) is inevitably destabilizing, but mild seasonality may have a pronounced stabilizing effect. Seasonality also allows for the coexistence of alternative stable states (equilibria, cycles, chaos). Many examples are presented.
Inhibitory Effect of Extract from Ostericum koreanum on LPS-induced Proinflammatory Cytokines Production in RAW264.7 Cells

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate whether Ostericum koreanum (OK) could regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. Methods : To evaluate of anti-inflammatory effect of OK, we examined Nitric oxide (NO), proinflammatory cytokines production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, we checked molecular mechanism especially in the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the degradation of inhibitory kappa B a () using western blot and also investigated survival of mice in LPS-mediated endotoxin shock. Results : 1. Extract from OK itself have weak cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells. Extract from OK inhibited LPS-induced NO, tumor necrosis (), interleukin , IL-6 and IL-10 production in RAW264.7 cells. 2. OK inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs, such as p38, extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and also the degradation of in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 3. OK did not inhibit LPS-induced endotoxin shock. Conclusions : OK down-regulated LPS-induced NO and cytokines production through suppressing activation of MAPKs and degradation of . Our results suggested that OK may be a beneficial drug against inflammatory diseases.