Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, fruit yield, nutritional and lycopene contents of three varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill) in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Field experiments were carried out to assess the impact of 100% NPK fertilizer recommendation (300 kg NPK 20:10:10), 100% Tithonia compost (TC), 75% NPK + 25% TC, 50% NPK + 50% TC, 25% NPK + 75% TC and control (non-fertilized plant) on the growth, fruit yield, nutritional and lycopene contents of three tomato varieties (Raoma VF; Ogbomoso local and Califonia wonder). The experiment was a split plot fitted into a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Data were collected on growth and reproductive parameters, fruit and seed attributes, and fruit proximate and nutritional contents. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance to determine significant means. Significant varietal differences were observed among the tomato varieties in terms of growth, fruit yield and nutritional attributes. The plant dry matter yield was highest in Ogbomoso local and least in Roma VF. Fruit yield obtained with Ogbomoso local was 45 and 56% higher than what was obtained for Roma VF and Califonia wonder, respectively. In terms of vitamin C content, Roma VF fertilized with 50% NPK + 50% TC gave the highest value which is 23 to 67% higher than values obtained from the other treatment combinations. Again, irrespective of variety, organically grown tomato contains higher content of lycopene. It was also observed that the higher the proportion of TC compost in the treatments, the better the lycopene content. It could be concluded that the use of organic fertilizer has potential in improving the growth, fruit yield and nutritional contents of any of the three tomato varieties studied. Key words : Lycopersicon esculentum , compost, inorganic fertilizers, fruit yield, nutritional quality, lycopene content. Abbreviation: TC, Tithonia compost; WAT, week after transplanting; TSS, total soluble solid.
An Investigation of Errors in English Composition of Some Pre-University Students in Singapore, with Suggestions for the Teaching of Written English

The classification is made in terms of types of error rather than sources of error. In the description (and classification) reference is made to English only; the terminology used is that of the classical, and familiar, grammatical categories this. in our view, being most useful for the practical ends in mind. The explanation in each case of error is offered by way of hypothesis only: in the given circumstances the cause(s) of error, even after taking into consideration the context in which it occurs, can at best only be guessed at. This sequence of identification, description and explanation has been adopted because it seems to offer a practical and sensible strategy for the consideration of learners’ errors. Since this project is by definition
Noninvasive Imaging of αvβ3 Integrin Expression Using 18F-labeled RGD-containing Glycopeptide and Positron Emission Tomography

The α v β 3 integrin is an important cell adhesion receptor involved in tumor-induced angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Here we describe the 18 F-labeling of the RGD-containing glycopeptide cyclo(-Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys(sugar amino acid)-) with 4-nitrophenyl 2-[ 18 F]fluoropropionate and the evaluation of this compound in vitro and in tumor mouse models. Binding assays with isolated immobilized α v β 3 , α v β 5 , and α IIb β 3 as well as in vivo studies using α v β 3 -positive and -negative murine and xenotransplanted human tumors demonstrated receptor-specific binding of the radiolabeled glycopeptide yielding high tumor:background ratios ( e.g. , 120 min postinjection: tumor:blood, 27.5; tumor:muscle, 10.2). First imaging results using a small animal positron emission tomograph suggest that this compound is suitable for noninvasive determination of the α v β 3 integrin status and therapy monitoring.
Users of Transport Modes and Multimodal Travel Behavior

Results are presented from analysis of individual mode choice behavior in the longitudinal section in Germany. The findings show that about half of German drivers also use public transport. Because they use different modes, they can be characterized as multimodals. This group will constitute an increasing share of the public transport clientele in coming decades because the decline of captive public transport riders is foreseeable. Therefore it is necessary to understand multimodal behavior because in an environment where travelers have increasing options, it is important to know how they make use of their options. It was found that multimodals employ public transport for specific purposes, whereas the car is universal. Less than 20% of multimodals use public transport on a regular basis, for example, to commute. Most multimodals use it occasionally. Multimodals opt for public transport in specific situations because it is the better option and not because there is no car available. Although for families the car is often the better choice, single persons tend to be more multimodal. Commuting by public transport was found to be a gateway to the use of public transport for other purposes.
The distribution of Liotryphon caudatus, a parasitoid of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Hawke's Bay apple orchards.

The ichneumonid parasitoid Liotryphon caudatus was introduced into New Zealand in 1906 for biological control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, a pest of pipfruit. Following release, it was found in the Auckland area, with only isolated recoveries in the 1970s in Waikato and Hawke's Bay. In 2010, 9.6% parasitism of codling moth by L. caudatus in larvae collected from a Hawke's Bay orchard was recorded. Liotryphon caudatus harvested from this collection were used to establish a laboratory colony for behavioural observations. In 2011, 15 sites across Hawke's Bay comprising abandoned, organic and Integrated Fruit Production apple orchards were surveyed for the presence of L. caudatus. Cocooned codling moth larvae in corrugated cardboard bands were placed at each site for 3 weeks and assessed for parasitism. Liotryphon caudatus was recovered from four of f ive abandoned orchards with up to 13% parasitism, but was not found in either organic or IFP orchards.
Transport Geography

A whole generation of geography teachers has drawn attention to the importance ' of mapping land use (factories, housing estates, schools and sports stadia). Yet, those studying the geography of transport have, for the most part, neglected land use. They have been preoccupied with transport supply (airports, roads, railways and seaports). Indeed, flows have been considered to be synonymous with the transport facilities alone (capacity, speed and costs). An earlier review claimed that httle attempt had been made to identify the land use activities (population and employment) that give rise to demand (Rimmer, 1978). The interrelationships between transport and land use were little explored because transport geographers got themselves bogged down in network analysis. Recent publications, however, provide an opportunity for a deeper exploration of transport-land use interaction. Before discussing this literature it is important to put it into its global context. We are then in a position not only to discuss developments in the research sector but to move forward into policy analysis.
News Briefs

Typically, achievement gaps between groups of students are measured as differences in average scores or differences in profi ciency rates. Average scores mask real differences in the range of student performance; profi ciency rates measure the percentage of students who exceed a predetermined standard but do not convey much about students who are above the standard. In their research, Bromberg and Theokas found performance at the advanced level between students of color and White students. For example, they reported 5% of White students scored at the advanced level in fourth-grade math in 2003; by 2011, 9% did so. However, Black students’ performance remained at about 1%; Hispanic students’ rose only 1% in 2011 to 2%. They found similar results for highversus low-income students—while 7% of high-income students reached advanced performance in 2003, 12% did in 2011; whereas low-income students grew only 2% to 3%. Research indicates that ed ucators do not do a good job of helping students of color who start school as high performers to continue at that level of performance as they progress through school. For example, Black students who start out as high performing fall behind their White counterparts at twice the rate of Black students who start out as low performing. They conclude that gap closing needs to focus on gaps at all levels, not just the fl oor. Creating accountability systems that simply set a fl oor for performance fall short in driving achievement beyond that fl oor. They recommend that practitioners “must set meaningful goals for students at different levels, raise the bar for all students, mine every source of data for signals, and identify and attend to the gaps between groups” (p. 13).
Relationships Between Fire Response, Morphology, Root Anatomy and Starch Distribution in South-west Australian Epacridaceae

Selected epacrids (92 species in 15 genera) were examined with respect to fire response type, morphology, root anatomy and starch storage. Seeders, 75% of the species investigated, possessed a single main stem and a small root system with lateral roots which in most cases did not spread beyond the shoot canopy. Resprouter species were generally multi-stemmed with large lignotuberous root stocks. Certain seeder and resprouter species were intermediate in form and showed small root systems and basally branched main stems. Amounts of starch in roots of seeders (1‐9‡0‐5 mg starch g d. wt per root) were much less than in resprouters (14‐1‡3‐3) whereas amounts in shoots were similar (1‐9‡0‐5 and 1‐6‡0‐6 mg starch g d. wt per shoot, respectively). Starch storage in roots was mostly confined to rays of xylem parenchyma and inter-ray xylem parenchyma and the greater storage capacity of resprouters was generally due to broader rays. Growth zones in root xylem ranged from clear, verifiable annual rings, as in many seeder species, to indistinct growth zones, typical of many resprouter species. Shoot:root dry weight ratios were higher in seeders than resprouters. The study suggests that speciation within the Epacridaceae into seeder and resprouter forms involved divergent dierentiation in terms of morphology, shoot:root dry weight ratio root storage of starch. # 1996 Annals of Botany Company
Watch & Do: A Smart IoT Interaction System with Object Detection and Gaze Estimation

The Internet of Things (IoT) attempts to help people access Internet-connected devices, applications, and services anytime and anywhere. However, how providing an efficient and intuitive method of interaction between people and IoT devices is still an open challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel interaction system called Watch & Do, where users can control an IoT device by gazing at it and doing simple gestures. The proposed system mainly consists of: 1) object detection module; 2) gaze estimation module; 3) hand gesture recognition module; and 4) IoT controller module. The target device is identified by various deep learning-based gaze estimation and object detection techniques. Afterwards, hand gesture recognition is applied to generate an IoT device control command which is transmitted to the IoT platform. The experimental results and case studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system and imply the future research directions.
Acdidophilic thermophilic archaebacteria: Potential application for metals recovery

The acidophilic thermophilic archaebacteria Sulfolobus and Acidianus have the potential for applid use in the recovery of metal values from ores through the process of baterial leaching. These microbes readily adapt to the conditions of low pH and high concentrations of metals required for bacterial leaching. In addition, these archaebacteria can exist at high temperatures which can occur during the oxidation of metal sulfides in bioleaching reactors. The acidophilic of copper and molybdenum from chalcopyrite and molybdenite minerals, respectively. The microbes can also enhance the recovery of gold by oxidation of pyrite which occludes gold preventing recovery by standard metallurgical procedures. The ability of this group of microbes to facilitate metals recovery is yet to be developed on a commercial scale.
MESCOP

The design of traffic signal control has a profound impact on the performance of urban traffic systems. The current traffic signal plans involve complex control logic and have many parameters that need to be set. However, little attention has been given to the evaluation of these plans. Simulation-based signal optimization has been limited, mainly as a result of the heavy computational burden associated with it. This paper reports on the overall structure and the various components of a mesoscopic model for traffic simulation to evaluate and optimize complex actuated traffic signal plans. The model is named MESCOP (mesoscopic evaluation of signal control plans). MESCOP is detailed enough to represent the characteristics of actuated traffic signal plans, including the intersection layout and the detectors. The stochastic processes of the arrival at the intersection and the movement within it are also modeled in detail. The model represents passenger cars, transit vehicles, and pedestrians. The use of MESCOP is demonstrated through its application to a signalized intersection in Haifa, Israel. This intersection is controlled by an actuated traffic signal with transit priority and compensation and queue override mechanisms. Computationally, the results show that MESCOP is very efficient in comparison with microscopic models for traffic simulation, which are often used for similar evaluations. Evaluations of the intersection performance indicate a great potential for this model to improve the design of traffic signals.
Biologia floral de Cleistes macrantha (Barb. Rodr.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae: Pogoniinae)

Cleistes macrantha (Barb. Rodr.) Schltr. is widely distributed in Atlantic rain forests in south and southeastern Brazil, occurring in anthropogenic disturbed areas and in "restinga" vegetation. Aspects of the floral biology of C. macrantha were investigated in the Intervales nature reserve, in the interior of Sao Paulo state. This species offers nectar as reward and is pollinated principally by bumblebees. The nectar is secreted before the anthesis of the flowers, with no posterior secretion. Hermit hummingbirds can also act as pollinators. A previous visit of a bumblebee, however, is necessary for pollen deposition on their bills. Bumblebees are responsible for most cross-pollinations. The hummingbirds perform mainly self-pollination. Preliminary treatments reveal that C. macrantha is self-compatible, but a pollinator is necessary for successful pollination. In spite of the self-compatibility observed, ecological factors favor cross-pollination in this species. This study makes too, a comparison of the floral biology of C. macrantha with what is known about the genera of the North American-Asiatic clade in Pogoniinae.
Prediction of Pavement Crack Initiation from In-Service Pavements

It is widely accepted that the success of pavement management systems largely depends on the quality of the deterioration models embedded in their structure. As such, much research has concentrated on developing a large array of approaches to model and predict pavement distress and deterioration. This study develops surface distress prediction models for pavement failure times (the initiation of cracking on the surface of flexible and semirigid pavements) on the basis of a large (more that 1,000 observations) and recent (1998) data set collected from in-service pavements in 15 European countries by using the principles of stochastic duration (hazard) models. The results indicate that, as expected, construction, traffic, and climatic factors affect pavement distress and that the lognormal functional form, in contrast with the findings of previous studies, best describes the distress initiation process.
Home–Activity Approach to Multimodal Travel Choice Modeling

Traditional multimodal travel choice modeling approaches, applicable to single-trip data, distinguish access and egress but make no difference between travelers’ home and activity addresses. It is hypothesized that the differences between home end and activity end with respect to a number of travel-related factors are relevant in the travel choice process and therefore need to be accounted for correctly in multimodal travel choice models. It is shown empirically that differences indeed exist in availability, knowledge, and use of multimodal trip alternatives. In the analysis, revealed-preference data for interurban multimodal train trips in the Netherlands are used. A new home–activity modeling approach is presented: the home end and the activity end are explicitly taken into account in the utility specification, and all attributes are direction free. To illustrate the approach, a generalized nested logit model, suited to capture correlations caused by home-end and activity-end feeder mode types, is applied to the multimodal train trip data. The existence of differences in travelers’ valuation of home-end and activity-end characteristics was found. More specifically, home-end characteristics play a more important role in planning multimodal train trips than activity-end characteristics.
Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been a prevalence technique for breast cancer diagnosis. This paper introduces a semi-supervised method for extracting breast tumors in a set of real MRIs of different types of breast cancer patients. We call the proposed method as Semi-supervised Tumor Segmentation (SSTS), and apply it to both mass and non-mass lesions. We have trained 225 classifiers with respect to different settings of threshold parameters that need to be set in SSTS. We will show the performance of SSTS for extracting the infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tumors based on a set of real MRIs of 21 breast cancer patients; and how different settings of the parameters will influence the extraction results. We additionally implement five state-of-the - art intensity-based image segmentation algorithms that can be compared with SSTS on breast tumor extraction.
Robust positioning and optimization techniques in mobile robotic networks

The increasing public demand for positioning and navigation services has generated a need for higher performance global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). New applications of global positioning system (GPS) are currently expanding far beyond its traditional focus and new challenges to the current GPS system are presently occurring due to these expansions. To overcome such challenges, GPS receivers are expected to be improved using higher performance tools such as robust acquisition, tracking, and positioning techniques. Large signal attenuation, multipath, and radio frequency interference are some examples of impediments that the new applications have inherited. The emergence of new navigation applications, increased the need to develop path planning methods. Achieving nearly fully autonomous unmanned navigation requires the integration of many technologies such as path planning, communication, and various navigation techniques. Furthermore, in scenarios involving multiple resources and multiple objectives, the resource management task becomes complicated for human and needs to be automated. This thesis, firstly derives the probability of having false peak detection in GPS signal acquisition which can occur under weak signal conditions, namely in the threshold region. This is based on novel hypothesis test to analyze GPS detection performance in weak signal conditions. The probability of outlier for different detection techniques is also obtained using Monte Carlo simulation. When the probability of outlier is larger than zero, two novel robust positioning techniques are proposed. The first technique is based on outlier detection and the second technique is based on using a genetic algorithm (GA). Using the proposed techniques, the probability of finding a reliable solution is considerably increased. The second part of the thesis investigates novel optimization techniques for mobile robotic networks. Three multi-objective optimization techniques are developed to optimize path and coverage for unmanned vehicles. The first two techniques are based on GA and dynamic programming, while the last technique is based on ant colony optimization. In addition, a cooperative motion planning technique based on using chaos synchronization is proposed to decrease the redundant search attempts and maximize the autonomous coverage. Furthermore, a resource management optimization method using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is developed to ease the decision making process.
Personality traits are related to ecology across a biological invasion

Behavioral differences among individuals are common and are organized into personalities in a wide variety of species. Hypotheses for the coexistence of behavioral differences fall into 3 categories: variation in selection, frequency-dependent selection, and behavioral plasticity. We tested predictions of those hypotheses regarding geographic covariation of behavior with ecology, using a recent (≈40 years) biological invasion of common waxbills (Estrilda astrild). Behavior in tests for exploration and social interaction covaried among individuals, suggesting a behavioral syndrome, although we could only demonstrate within-individual repeatability in the test for social interaction. These 2 behaviors changed geographically with the ecology of sites (degree of climate variation) in an apparently adaptive way, rather than with the direction of invasion. We found behavioral plasticity but showed that short-term plastic effects do not explain geographic divergence. Differential dispersal does not explain geographic divergence either, which is orthogonal to the direction of invasion. Results are best interpreted either as evolved divergences, although a candidate-gene approach could not identify genetic correlates of behavior, or as long-term behavioral plasticity (e.g., effects of rearing environment). In this recent invasion, geographic differences in ecology and behavior equate to repeated and fast changes over time. Thus, fluctuations in ecological conditions, which are common in nature, may have a widespread role maintaining behavioral and personality differences via selection and/or long-term behavioral plasticity.