Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxides

To use solar irradiation or interior lighting efficiently, we sought a photocatalyst with high reactivity under visible light. Films and powders of TiO2-x Nxhave revealed an improvement over titanium dioxide (TiO2) under visible light (wavelength < 500 nanometers) in optical absorption and photocatalytic activity such as photodegradations of methylene blue and gaseous acetaldehyde and hydrophilicity of the film surface. Nitrogen doped into substitutional sites of TiO2 has proven to be indispensable for band-gap narrowing and photocatalytic activity, as assessed by first-principles calculations and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
A clinical model of dermal wound angiogenesis

Full‐thickness dermal biopsies were performed in healthy volunteers to establish the range of angiogenic responses in wound healing in a normal population. Four‐millimeter punch biopsies were made in the forearms of 15 healthy volunteers. Each wound was evaluated microscopically 4–5 times per week for 2 weeks. A semiquantitative wound scoring system to evaluate the neovasculature at the wound periphery was investigated. A vascular score was calculated for each wound at each observation. Two independent observers analyzed the microscopic wound images using the scoring system. At the end of the 14‐day period, repeat biopsies were performed on some of the volunteers, and the granulation tissue was stained with anti‐CD31. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate the distribution of the time to reach predetermined target average vascular scores. A mixed‐effects regression model indicated that time, age, and observer were predictors for the average vascular score outcome. The pattern and time course for wound neovascularization was highly reproducible in this group of healthy volunteers, and the assay was feasible and well tolerated. This wound angiogenesis model may be useful for monitoring the effects of antiangiogenic agents on normal wound neovascularization. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:306–313)
What causes autism? Exploring the environmental contribution

Purpose of review Autism is a biologically based disorder of brain development. Genetic factors – mutations, deletions, and copy number variants – are clearly implicated in causation of autism. However, they account for only a small fraction of cases, and do not easily explain key clinical and epidemiological features. This suggests that early environmental exposures also contribute. This review explores this hypothesis. Recent findings Indirect evidence for an environmental contribution to autism comes from studies demonstrating the sensitivity of the developing brain to external exposures such as lead, ethyl alcohol and methyl mercury. But the most powerful proof-of-concept evidence derives from studies specifically linking autism to exposures in early pregnancy – thalidomide, misoprostol, and valproic acid; maternal rubella infection; and the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos. There is no credible evidence that vaccines cause autism. Summary Expanded research is needed into environmental causation of autism. Children today are surrounded by thousands of synthetic chemicals. Two hundred of them are neurotoxic in adult humans, and 1000 more in laboratory models. Yet fewer than 20% of high-volume chemicals have been tested for neurodevelopmental toxicity. I propose a targeted discovery strategy focused on suspect chemicals, which combines expanded toxicological screening, neurobiological research and prospective epidemiological studies.
Comparing Tear Film Stability Prolongation Evaluated by Javal–Schiotz Keratometer and Slitlamp

Objective: To innovatively compare the tear film stability assessed noninvasively by Javal–Schiotz keratometer (tear deformation time [TDT]) and invasively by slitlamp (invasive tear breakup time [I-TBUT]). Methods: Tear deformation time and I-TBUT were assessed in only 1 eye of 100 healthy young participants aged from 18 to 25 years (mean±standard deviation=20.49±1.80). Healthy ocular surface was considered as inclusive criteria. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed to compare the TDT with I-TBUT and reveal correlation between them. Results: The TDT values (mean: 22.84±20.14 sec) were significantly higher than the I-TBUT (mean: 15.73±8.89 sec) data (P=0.027). Neither TDT nor I-TBUT was affected by gender of the subjects. A significant direct correlation was detected between the TDT and I-TBUT data (Spearman &rgr;=0.458, P<0.0001). Neither I-TBUT nor TDT showed a significant relationship with age and sex factors. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that tear stability prolongation results obtained by TDT technique were significantly higher than the I-TBUT method outcomes. Noninvasive nature, easiness, basal tear film evaluation, availability, inexpensiveness, Fluorescein nonuse, and accessibility in the clinic (no need for para-clinical equipment) are benefits of the TDT technique. Future studies must be aimed at evaluating validity and reliability of the TDT technique on normal and dry eye populations.
Nefopam and Ketamine Comparably Enhance Postoperative Analgesia

Opioids alone sometimes provide insufficient postoperative analgesia. Coadministration of drugs may reduce opioid use and improve opioid efficacy. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the administration of ketamine or nefopam to postoperative patients with pain only partly alleviated by morphine reduces the amount of subsequent opioid necessary to produce adequate analgesia. Patients (n = 77) recovering from major surgery were given up to 9 mg of IV morphine. Those who still had pain were randomly assigned to blinded administration of 1) isotonic saline (control group; n = 21), 2) ketamine 10 mg (ketamine group; n = 22), or 3) nefopam 20 mg (nefopam group; n = 22). Three-milligram morphine boluses were subsequently given at 5-min intervals until adequate analgesia was obtained, until 60 min elapsed after the beginning of study drug administration, or until ventilation became insufficient (respiratory rate <10 breaths/min or saturation by pulse oximetry <95%). Supplemental morphine (i.e., after test drug administration) requirements were significantly more in the control group (mean ± sd; 17 ± 10 mg) than in the nefopam (10 ± 5 mg; P < 0.005) or ketamine (9 ± 5 mg; P < 0.001) groups. Morphine titration was successful in all ketamine and nefopam patients but failed in four control patients (two because of respiratory toxicity and two because of persistent pain). Tachycardia and profuse sweating were more frequent in patients given nefopam, and sedation was more intense with ketamine; however, the incidence of other potential complications did not differ among groups.
Flexibility and musculoskeletal symptomatology in female gymnasts and age-matched controls

Sixty competitive female gymnasts and 35 age- matched nonathletic controls were interviewed for musculoskeletal symptoms and examined for flexibil ity. A significantly greater number of gymnasts (P < 0.01) had musculoskeletal symptoms in the wrist, low back, hip, shin, and foot regions than did the controls. The average number of symptomatic regions per sub ject was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in gymnasts (6.17) than in controls (2.25). Gymnasts had greater shoulder flexion and horizon tal abduction, lumbar flexion, hip extension, and toe- touching abilities (P < 0.001). Controls surpassed gymnasts only in the extent of elbow supination (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in lum bar, knee or elbow extension. No statistically signifi cant correlations in flexibility between different body regions were identifiable in gymnasts or controls. The gymnasts with low back discomfort had greater toe- touching ability than those without symptoms. No other consistent and significant relationships between symptomatology and flexibility in a region were found.
Studying the effects of information exchange channels in different communication modes on trust building in computer-mediated remote collaborative design

It is well known that trust is one of the critical factors to the computer-mediated remote collaborative team performance and trust is hard to build in the certain computer-mediated remote collaborative team environment. In this project, to help with the trust building, the trust level among the computer-mediated remote collaborative design team will be tested under different communication modes (sequence mode, layer mode, and net mode) matching with different information exchange channels( text, audio, and video) to find out which collocation is best for the trust building.
Survivability for Wireless Sensor Network: Model, Evaluation and Experiment

in this paper we focus on the survivability of wireless sensor network and develop a model to evaluate the tradeoffs between the cost of defense mechanisms for Wireless Sensor Network and the resulting expected survivability after a network attack. We demonstrate the Model through simulations its effectiveness in mitigating such attacks. Our analysis of the impact of these attacks versus the adversary’s effort gives insights into their relative strengths, their interaction and their importance when analyze wireless sensor network.
Timing Error Tolerance in Small Core Designs for SoC Applications

Timing errors are an increasing reliability concern in nanometer technology, high complexity and multi-voltage/frequency integrated circuits. A local error detection and correction technique is presented in this work that is based on a new bit flipping flip-flop. Whenever a timing error is detected, it is corrected by complementing the output of the corresponding flip-flop. The proposed solution is characterized by very low silicon area and power requirements compared to previous design schemes in the open literature. To validate its efficiency, it has been applied in the design of a MIPS microprocessor core in a 90 nm technology, while a demonstration version of the same core in an FPGA platform is presented.
Accurate Computation of Multiphase Synchronous Machine Inductances Based on Winding Function Theory

An electric machine equipped with n stator phases is characterized by a set of n × n phase inductances as concerns the stator section. In the case of nonuniform air gap, these inductances vary as the rotor moves. For their numerical determination as functions of the rotor position an accurate computation algorithm is proposed in this paper based on winding function theory. For permeance function identification, a numerically efficient method is employed based on the magnetostatic finite-element analysis of only three appropriately simplified machine models. In the presence of a field circuit, computation of mutual inductances among it and stator phases is also covered with the same approach. An extension of the method to permanent-magnet machines is also presented. Results are assessed on a six-phase synchronous generator prototype equipped with either a salient-pole wound-field rotor or with an interior permanent-magnet rotor.
Growth Factors in the Regulation of Plasminogen-Plasmin System in Tumor Cells

Growth regulatory polypeptides, which act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion, are increasingly implicated in the control of pericellular proteolysis. Representatives of major growth factor families, like EGF, PDGF, IGF, FGF, IL, and TGF beta, and in addition, TNFs have effects both on cell proliferation and proteolytic events. Some of them participate in the control of proteolytic events by affecting pericellular PA activity. These factors regulate the synthesis, secretion, and activity of both PAs and their inhibitors in a cell and factor-specific manner. Interestingly, most of these affect simultaneously the secretion of both PAs and their inhibitors, sometimes concomitantly. In addition to PAs, growth factors modulate secretion of collagenases, transin, and stromelysin, and their respective inhibitors, TIMP. The balance of pericellular proteolytic activity is regulated according to the nature and interaction of various growth factors. Pericellular proteolysis can be modulated by growth factors at different levels. Several growth factors are able to regulate the amount and composition of the extracellular matrices. This, in turn, may affect the interactions of certain growth factors with the pericellular matrix structures. Altered structure of the matrix due to excessive proteolytic activity may thus limit the amount and activity of matrix-associated growth factors. Several growth factors exist in latent forms, and activation of these growth factors often requires proteolytic processing. A regulatory loop is thus formed where active growth factors affect the secretion of proteolytic enzymes and thus the concentrations of active ligands. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GSA-Based Design of Dual Proportional Integral Load Frequency Controllers for Nonlinear Hydrothermal Power System

Abstract—This paper considers the design of Dual ProportionalIntegral (DPI) Load Frequency Control (LFC), using gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The design is carried out for nonlinear hydrothermal power system where generation rate constraint (GRC) and governor dead band are considered. Furthermore, time delays imposed by governor-turbine, thermodynamic process, and communication channels are investigated. GSA is utilized to search for optimal controller parameters by minimizing a time-domain based objective function. GSA-based DPI has been compared to ZieglerNichols based PI, and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based PI controllers in order to demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed design. Simulation results are carried for a wide range of operating conditions and system parameters variations.
Antihepatotoxic and antioxidant defense potential of Mimosapudica.

Abstract- Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be responsible for pathogenesis of various diseases affecting tissues and the main organ, the Liver. Hence, in the present study, the extent of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and ROS elimination and its defense mechanisms by the enzymic and non enzymic antioxidants in liver and serum was investigated. Hepatoxicity was manifested by significantly decreased (p<0.05) levels in the activities of the enzymic antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD) Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase and the non enzymic antioxidants such as glutathione and Vitamin C in rats induced hepatic damage by ethanol. Simultaneous administration of the leaf extract Mimosa pudica along with the toxin ethanol in rats showed a considerable protection against the toxin induced oxidative stress and liver damage as evidence by a significant increase (p<0.05) in antioxidant activities. The study reveals that the co administration of Mimosa pudica aqueous extract significantly lowered the level of lipid peroxidation in alcohol fed mice.
"Derived" Activities; Their Causation, Biological Significance, Origin, and Emancipation During Evolution

#-THIS paper is an attempt at an explanation of certain types of behavior, many of them elements of threat, courtship, or other types of display, the origin of which has long been obscure, but is now gradually becoming known. The attempt is based on our knowledge of the nature of innate behavior, which gradually is emerging through the work of K. Lorenz and his collaborators. It is necessary to present a short sketch of what we know about innate behavior in general before attempting to apply this knowledge to the phenomena here collectively named "derived activities. " This sketch will be necessarily summary. For a fuller treatment I must refer to various papers by Lorenz (1935, 1937, 1943, 1950) and by myself (1942, 1950), and to my book on The Study of Instinct (1951). Part of this paper, particularly the section on the analysis of displacement activities, is a revised English edition of a paper written in German (Tinbergen, 1940). The present paper takes some new facts into account and gives new, and I think more correct, interpretations of some problems which were treated unsatisfactorily in 1940. The starting point of all theories on instinct has been the everyday observation that animals perform movements that contribute, often in an amazingly refined way, towards maintenance of individual, group, or species. The first steps toward understanding are two obvious, though largely negative conclusions: (1) Many of these behavior patterns need not be learned, but are entirely or largely innate; they are often performed in full by individuals reared in isolation, who cannot have had opportunity to learn them; and (2) innate behavior may "go wrong," that is, miss its objective, without the animal doing anything to correct itself. Such observations how that the animal has no "insight," or very little, into the relation between its behavior and the result obtained. Because we human beings like to believe that our own behavior is entirely guided by insight or knowledge of this type-a widespread fallacy due to overestimation of "reason"-the spectacle of behavior going wrong impresses and puzzles us. These considerations make us realize that animal behavior cannot be explained anthropomorphically. The behavior of animals puzzles many of us even more than our own behavior, and this leads us to the basic problem: what causes the innate, and yet so effective, behavior of animals? Briefly, present knowledge amounts to the following.
Vertex labeling and routing in self-similar outerplanar unclustered graphs modeling complex networks

This paper introduces a labeling and optimal routing algorithm for a family of modular, self-similar, small-world graphs with clustering zero. Many properties of this family are comparable to those of networks associated with technological and biological systems with low clustering, such as the power grid, some electronic circuits and protein networks. For these systems, the existence of models with an efficient routing protocol is of interest to design practical communication algorithms in relation to dynamical processes (including synchronization) and also to understand the underlying mechanisms that have shaped their particular structure.
Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for peripheral T-cell lymphomas: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project.

BACKGROUND Accounting for 10%-15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Western populations, peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are the most common T-cell lymphoma but little is known about their etiology. Our aim was to identify etiologic risk factors for PTCL overall, and for specific PTCL subtypes, by analyzing data from 15 epidemiologic studies participating in the InterLymph Consortium. METHODS A pooled analysis of individual-level data for 584 histologically confirmed PTCL cases and 15912 controls from 15 case-control studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia was undertaken. Data collected from questionnaires were harmonized to permit evaluation of a broad range of potential risk factors. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS Risk factors associated with increased overall PTCL risk with a P value less than . 05 included: a family history of hematologic malignancies (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.84); celiac disease (OR = 17.8, 95% CI = 8.61 to 36.79); eczema (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.85); psoriasis (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.17 to 3.32); smoking 40 or more years (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.41 to 2.62); and employment as a textile worker (ever) (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.38) and electrical fitter (ever) (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.41 to 5.95). Exposures associated with reduced overall PTCL risk included a personal history of allergies (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.87), alcohol consumption (ever) (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.82), and having ever lived or worked on a farm (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55% to 0.95%). We also observed the well-established risk elevation for enteropathy-type PTCL among those with celiac disease in our data. Conclusions Our pooled analyses identified a number of new potential risk factors for PTCL and require further validation in independent series.
Design and Testing of Scalable Web-Based Systems with Performance Constraints

Modern Web sites provide multiple services that are deployed through complex infrastructures consisting of distributed components, processes and server nodes. The importance and the economic impact of consumer-oriented Web sites introduces significant requirements, mainly in terms of user perceived performance and scalability. This paper presents some methods for the design and testing of modern, dynamic Web sites and for the improvement of existing systems that must satisfy some performance constraints even in the case of unpredictable load variations. A case study describes the application of the proposed methods to a typical consumer-oriented Web site.
Muscarinic Receptor Stimulation of d-Aspartate Uptake into Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Is Attenuated by Hypoosmolarity

In addition to its function as an excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate plays a major role as an osmolyte within the central nervous system (CNS). Accordingly, mechanisms that regulate glutamate release and uptake are of physiological importance not only during conditions in which cell volume remains constant but also when cells are subjected to hypoosmotic stress. In the present study, the ability of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) to regulate the uptake of glutamate (monitored as d-aspartate) into human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells under isotonic or hypotonic conditions has been examined. In isotonic media, agonist activation of mAChRs resulted in a significant increase (250–300% of control) in the uptake of d-aspartate and, concurrently, a cellular redistribution of the excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) to the plasma membrane. mAChR-mediated increases in d-aspartate uptake were potently blocked by the EAAT3 inhibitor l-β-threo-benzyl-aspartate. In hypotonic media, the ability of mAChR activation to facilitate d-aspartate uptake was significantly attenuated (40–50%), and the cellular distribution of EAAT3 was disrupted. Reduction of mAChR-stimulated d-aspartate uptake under hypoosmotic conditions could be fully reversed upon re-exposure of the cells to isotonic media. Under both isotonic and hypotonic conditions, mAChR-mediated increases in d-aspartate uptake depended on cytoskeletal integrity, protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activities, and the availability of intracellular Ca2+. In contrast, dependence on extracellular Ca2+ was observed only under isotonic conditions. The results suggest that, although the uptake of d-aspartate into SH-SY5Y cells is enhanced after mAChR activation, this process is markedly attenuated by hypoosmolarity.
A 800- to 3200-MHz Wideband CPW Balun Using Multistage Wilkinson Structure

A novel ultra-wide band CPW (coplanar waveguide) balun having the structure of multistage Wilkinson power divider is proposed. It has an 180deg phase inverting structure between signal line and ground planes of CPW transmission line. The 3-stage Wilkinson power divider is transformed directly into the ultra-wide band balun without any cost of the size and performances. The measurement shows the right S-parameters as a power divider and the proper out of phase as a balun. The measured amplitude and phase unbalances at output ports are plusmn 0.5dB and plusmn 6deg, respectively over 800~3200MHz, while the maximum insertion loss is 0.8dB