Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Childhood trauma and cardiometabolic risk in severe mental disorders: The mediating role of cognitive control

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic risk is increased in severe mental disorders (SMDs), and there appears to be a relationship between childhood trauma and cardiometabolic risk, possibly related to adverse health behavior. The current study examined the association between childhood trauma and serum lipids and adiposity in SMDs and the potential mediating role of cognitive and personality characteristics. Methods Participants with schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorders (N = 819) were included, cardiometabolic risk factors (serum lipids, body mass index, and waist circumference) were measured, and history of childhood trauma was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Cognitive and personality characteristics were available in subsamples, with assessments of cognitive control, impulsiveness, self-esteem, and affective lability. Linear regressions and mediation analyses with Hayes’ PROCESS were performed, adjusting for age, sex, antipsychotic agent propensity of metabolic side-effect, and diagnostic group. Results Experience of three or more subtypes of childhood trauma was positively associated with waist circumference in patients with SMDs (p = 0.014). There were no other significant associations between trauma variables and lipid or adiposity measures in the total sample. Cognitive control was a significant mediator between experience of one or two subtypes of childhood trauma and waist circumference. Conclusions The results indicate childhood trauma as a predisposing factor for increased waist circumference in individuals with SMDs. Poorer cognitive control, suggestive of adverse health behavior, might be a mediating factor of the association, and the findings indicate the potential importance of increased focus on these factors in prevention and treatment regimens targeting cardiometabolic health.
Highly Sensitive Detection Method of Dibenzyl Disulfide and the Elucidation of the Mechanism of Copper Sulfide Generation in Insulating Oil

Highly sensitive detection method of dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) in insulation oil was realized using solid phase extraction (SPE) with active alumina adsorbent followed by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The detection limit of DBDS is around 0.1 ppm. This method is also useful for detecting bibenzyl (BiBZ) and dibenzyl sulfide (DBS). The good relationship between the weight change of copper strip and BiBZ /DBS formation was obtained under heating with insulating oil containing DBDS and copper strip, so it was clarified that BiBZ and DBS are the byproducts of the copper sulfide generation with the chemical reaction between DBDS and copper. The chemical reaction formula between DBDS and copper was proposed based on the assumption that copper sulfide should be generated via Cu-DBDS complex. The temperature dependence of the weight change of copper strip before and after the heating in the insulating oil containing DBDS was quantitatively explained with the chemical reaction formula.
A Multilevel Analysis of Middle Manager Performance: The Role of CEO and Top Manager Leadership

Abstract We investigate the multilevel interactive effects that CEO leadership behaviours and top-level managers’ support have on middle managers’ performance in China. Our sample consists of 608 middle managers and 140 of their direct supervisors (top managers) from 40 companies. After controlling for middle managers’ demographic variables, hierarchical linear modelling analysis shows that when non-caring, authoritative, or task-oriented CEOs lead the organization, supportive top managers more positively enhance middle manager performance. Contributions to multilevel leader influences and social exchange research are discussed.
Effects of supernovae feedback and black hole outflows in the evolution of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies

Abstract The gas evolution of a typical Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy is investigated by means of 3D hydrodynamic simulations, taking into account the feedback of type II and Ia supernovae, the outflow of an Intermediate Massive Black Hole (IMBH) and a static cored dark matter potential. When the IMBH’s outflow is simulated in an homogeneous medium a jet structure is created and a small fraction of the gas is pushed away from the galaxy. No jet structure can be seen, however, when the medium is disturbed by supernovae, but gas is still pushed away. In this case, the main driver of the gas removal are the supernovae. The interplay between the stellar feedback and the IMBH’s outflow should be taken into account.
Phosphate sorption by calcareous Vertisols and Inceptisols as evaluated from extended P‐sorption curves

The plant availability of phosphate applied to calcareous soils is affected by precipitation and adsorption reactions, the relative significance of which is not well known. We used extended P‐sorption curves obtained at phosphate addition rates up to 340 mmol P kg−1 soil to examine the relative contribution of precipitation and adsorption by 24 calcareous Spanish Vertisols and Inceptisols. Adsorption was dominant at 1 day and at small rates of addition (10–35 mmol P kg−1). With increasing clay and Fe and Al oxides contents of the soil, more phosphate was sorbed before the sorption curve bent upwards, as a result of Ca phosphate precipitation. Sorption curves showed a nearly vertical intermediate region, the length of which increased with time, suggesting that a Ca phosphate buffered the concentration of P in solution. The buffering concentration decreased with time, suggesting a progressive transformation of more to less soluble forms of Ca phosphate. A phase less soluble than octacalcium phosphate seemed to control the concentration of P in solution at 180 days in most soils. The apparent solubility of this phase decreased with increasing carbonate content in the soil. Precipitation of poorly soluble Ca phosphates apparently predominated up to a P addition dose ranging from about 30 mmol P kg−1 in some soils to more than 340 mmol P kg−1 in others. At larger doses, the way additional P was bound to the solid phase was different; phosphate was probably adsorbed, at least in part, to low‐affinity sites on silicate clays and oxides.
Polyamide 6 Composites with Melamine Polyphosphate and Layered Silicates: Evaluation of Flame Retardancy and Physical Properties

The potential synergy of melamine polyphosphate and layered silicates for enhancing the flame retardancy and physical properties of polyamide 6 is investigated. Through melt blending, exfoliated nanocomposites were prepared, suffering, however, from polymer degradation. In the presence of the additives, the ability of polyamide 6 to crystallize was restrained and its thermal stability was deteriorated. Nevertheless, the stiffness of the polymer was increased, yet at the expense of ductility. Apart form stiffness, the additives exerted a positive effect on the fire resistance of polyamide 6; melamine polyphosphate and layered silicates cooperated during combustion to provoke the formation of a superficial protective barrier, yielding materials of inferior flammability.
Supermassive Black Hole feedback in early type galaxies

Abstract Optically luminous early type galaxies host X-ray luminous, hot atmospheres. These hot atmospheres, which we refer to as coronae, undergo the same cooling and feedback processes as are commonly found in their more massive cousins, the gas rich atmospheres of galaxy groups and galaxy clusters. In particular, the hot coronae around galaxies radiatively cool and show cavities in X-ray images that are filled with relativistic plasma originating from jets powered by supermassive black holes (SMBH) at the galaxy centers. We discuss the SMBH feedback using an X-ray survey of early type galaxies carried out using Chandra X-ray Observatory observations. Early type galaxies with coronae very commonly have weak X-ray active nuclei and have associated radio sources. Based on the enthalpy of observed cavities in the coronae, there is sufficient energy to “balance” the observed radiative cooling. There are a very few remarkable examples of optically faint galaxies that are 1) unusually X-ray luminous, 2) have large dark matter halo masses, and 3) have large SMBHs (e.g., NGC4342 and NGC4291). These properties suggest that, in some galaxies, star formation may have been truncated at early times, breaking the simple scaling relations.
Ubiquitous cold and massive filaments in brightest cluster galaxies

Abstract The origin of the mysterious multiphase filamentary structures surrounding Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) remains unknown. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations for a sample of 15 BCGs to investigate the origin and life-cycle of the gas. Those observations show clumpy and massive molecular filaments, preferentially located around the radio bubbles inflated by the active galactic nuclei (AGN). We investigate where the cold gas condenses from the intra-cluster medium, by comparing the radial extent of the filaments with predictions from numerical simulations.
The next step in low cost lithium ion polymer systems

The introduction of the Valence P1A system chemistry has generated the ability to significantly reduce lithium ion system material costs, while maintaining comparable electrical performance, and at no reduction to system safety over other lithium ion systems. The P1A system centers around a new phosphate-based cathode material paired with a graphite anode material. The phosphate cathode material exhibits fundamentally superior thermal stability over those for other cathode materials. The material's fundamental chemistry and method of manufacturing lead to a reduced cathode material cost while providing electrical performance similar to that for Valence's lithium manganese oxide (LMO) products. Since less environmentally sensitive metals are used in the PIA chemistry, the resulting battery system is more environmentally benign. These features combine with Valence's large format (>100 mm/spl times/200 mm, 35 Wh+) lithium ion polymer manufacturing capabilities, enable lithium ion phosphate to address a significantly greater variety of applications.
Hydrogel-supported protein-tethered bilayer lipid membranes: a new approach toward polymer-supported lipid membranes

Polymer-supported bilayer lipid membranes offer great opportunities for the investigation of functional membrane proteins. Here we present a new approach in this direction by introducing a thin hydrogel layer as a soft ‘cushion’ on indium–tin oxide (ITO), providing a smooth, functional surface to form the protein-tethered BLM (ptBLM). ITO was used as a transparent electrode, enabling simultaneous implementation of electrochemical and optical waveguide techniques. The hydrogel poly(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide-co-5-acrylamido-1-carboxypentyl-iminodiacetate-co-4-benzoylphenyl methacrylate) (P(HEAAm-co-NTAAAm-co-MABP)) was functionalized with the nickel chelating nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) groups, to which cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) from Paracoccus denitrificans was bound in a well defined orientation via a his-tag attached to its subunit I. Given that the mesh size of P(HEAAm-co-NTAAAm-co-MABP) was smaller than the protein size, binding to the hydrogel occurred only on the top of the layer. The lipid bilayer was formed around the protein by in situdialysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed good electrical sealing properties with a resistance of ∼1 MΩ cm2. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance optical waveguide spectroscopy (SPR/OWS) indicated an increased anisotropy of the system after formation of the lipid bilayer. Cyclic voltammetry in the presence of reduced cytochrome c demonstrated that CcO was incorporated into the gel-supported ptBLM in a functionally active form.
MDY volume 17 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

http://journals.cambridge. org/ect Econometric Theory is an international journal dedicated to advancing theoretical research in econometrics. The journal provides an authoritative, centralized, professional outlet for original contributions in all of the major areas of econometrics. As well as periodic book reviews and articles that embody original theoretical research, the journal publishes historical studies on the evolution of econometric thought and on major scholars. Econometric Theory also serves an educational role by the inclusion of an on-going ‘Problems and Solutions’ series and by ‘ET Interviews’ with pre-eminent scholars in the field. To subscribe contact Customer Services
Autotransformation and ageing of acid-treated montmorillonite catalysts: a solid-state 27Al NMR study

Solid-state 27Al magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR has been used to study ageing processes in acid-treated clay catalysts. Acid-treated montmorillonite has been aged under conditions of high humidity. Elemental analysis has shown that Al migrates from the clay lattice to ion-exchange sites on the clay surface (autotransformation). Simultaneously, the cation-exchange capacity of the clay falls. NMR has shown that migration of Al from octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites occurs at comparable rates. Despite exhibiting the same chemical shifts, hydrated Al3+(narrow-line spectrum) can be distinguished from octahedral lattice Al (broad line) under appropriate conditions. Hydrated Al3+ ions arising from autotransformation appear to occupy two distinct sites, and possibly other asymmetric sites in which the Al centres are NMR invisible.
Sources of Nutrition Information in Recreational Ultra-marathon Runners: A Mixed Methods Analysis

Ultra-marathon events (i.e., .42.2-km) continue to grow in popularity; however, little is known regarding the sources of nutrition information which inform their beliefs and habits. The objective of this study was to characterize the acquisition of sport-specific nutrition information among ultra-endurance athletes using a mixed methods design. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three primary higher order themes were identified: Optimal Diet for Ultra-Endurance Athletes, Common Sources of Information, and Barriers to Scientific Information. Then, a self-report inventory (Sources of Nutrition InformationSONI questionnaire) was developed to assess common sources of nutrition information and characterize their beliefs about those sources. Likert-type questions were used, and primary sources were scored out of 3, sub-questions out of 5. Differences between sources were assessed using RM-ANOVA. Participants (N 5 224) accessed, responded to, and submitted the survey via a secure, study-specific web-based link. Peer reviewed literature was reported as the most frequently used (mean score 5 1.64, p , 0.001), credible (3.02, p , 0.001), and interesting (2.62, p 5 0.002). Social media was the most accessible (2.81, p , 0.001), but the least credible (1.87, p , 0.001). While social media was perceived less credible than other sources, its accessibility could make it a promising tool to provide evidence-based nutrition information to this population.
Diurnal pattern of acetaldehyde emission by flooded poplar trees

The emission of the tropospheric trace gas acetaldehyde was determined in leaves of 4-month-old poplar trees (Populus tremula x P. alba) grown under controlled environmental conditions in a greenhouse. Using a dynamic cuvette system together with a high sensitivity laser-based photoacoustic detection unit, rates of acetaldehyde emission were measured with the high time resolution of about 15 min. Submergence of the roots resulted in the emission of acetaldehyde by the leaves. The emission increased linearly before reaching more or less steady-state values (ca 350 nmol m -2 min -1 ; ca 470 ng g -1 dry weight min -1 ) after approximately 6 h. Prolonged flooding of poplar trees resulted in a clear diurnal rhythm of acetaldehyde emission. The emission rates decreased when the light was switched off in the evening and peaked in the morning after the light was turned on again. This pattern significantly correlated with diurnal rhythms of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration and with the concentrations of ethanol, the assumed precursor of acetaldehyde, in the xylem sap of flooded poplar trees. It may be concluded that under conditions of diminished stomatal conductance, acetaldehyde emission declines because its diffusive flux is reduced. Alternatively, reduced transpiration may decrease ethanol transport from the roots to the shoots and appreciable amounts of the acetaldehyde precursor ethanol are lacking in the leaves. The present results support the view that acetaldehyde emitted by the leaves of plants is derived from ethanol produced by alcoholic fermentation in submerged roots and transported to the leaves with the transpiration stream.
Electron optical studies of fresh and reduced vanadium pentoxide-supported rhodium catalysts

One percent Rh/V2O5 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation with RhCl3 · xH2O and subsequent reduction in hydrogen were shown to be subject to the formation of lower oxides of vanadium via an Rh-catalysed reduction process. V4O9, VO2, and V2O3 compounds were observed at reduction temperatures of 250, 450, and 600°C, respectively, as characterised by IR, XRD, and electron optical methods. Maximum hydrogen uptake by the Rh-loaded V2O5 occurred at 155°C according to TPR data, and this contrasts with the onset of reduction of V2O5 alone at ∼450°C. Mechanistic and structural aspects of the Rh-catalysed reduction process are discussed.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Nucleation of Epitaxial NiSi2 in [110] Si Nanowires

We report here both heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation of epitaxial silicide of NiSi2 in Si nanowires grown in [110] direction by in situ observation in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Owing to the excellent lattice match between Si and NiSi2, a giant epitaxial step of 2−8 nm wide forms at the interface between Si and NiSi2 during the growth of the latter. The step formation results in two silicide/Si interfaces parallel to each other in TEM observations. Heterogeneous nucleation of NiSi2 occurs at the intersection where the step meets the interfaces. However, we have also observed the epitaxial growth of NiSi2 having a single interface with the Si, i.e., without a giant step. Homogeneous nucleation of NiSi2 occurs on the single interface. Incubation time of heterogeneous nucleation of NiSi2 has been measured by high-resolution video to be much shorter than that of homogeneous nucleation. The overall growth rate of NiSi2 for the case of heterogeneous nucleation is faster than.
AlGaAs grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for visible laser

Doping efficiency of selenium hydride (for Se donors) to GaAs in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was shown to be high and near unity, whereas that of sulfur hydride (for S donors) was nearly two orders lower. The difference was even greater with the addition of aluminum to grow AlxGa1−xAs. Doping efficiency of diethyl zinc (for Zn acceptors) was shown to be three to four orders lower than of Se. A higher partial flow ratio of arsenic to column III elements was necessary to grow high‐quality layers of AlxGa1−xAs with larger x. Room‐temperature cw operation of AlxGa1−xAs/AlyGa1−yAs double heterostructure visible (760–780 nm) lasers grown by MOCVD has been achieved. The planar lasers, with an oxide‐insulated stripe structure 10 μm wide and 250 μm long showed a cw threshold current from 150 to 300 mA.
Turbulence/outflows perpendicular to low-power jets in Seyfert galaxies

Abstract We present recent results from our MAGNUM survey of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), which exploits observations from the optical/near-IR integral field spectrograph MUSE at VLT. We detect strongly enhanced line widths in emission line maps of four galaxies perpendicularly to their low-power jets and AGN ionisation cones, indicative of turbulent/outflowing material. The observation of a similar phenomenon in other works suggests that it originates from an interaction mechanism between the jet and the galaxy disc through which it propagates.
Toughening of Brittle Materials by Dislocation Cells

Many attempts have been made to improve the fracture toughness of brittle materials such as ceramics. Most of the methods developed so far make use of metallurgical processes, for example, phase transformation, refining of grains, formation of composite materials. However, these methods can not be applied universally to brittle materials which do not have such a useful metallurgical processes. Moon and Saka (1) recently showed that the fracture toughness Klc of a YAG single crystal the sub-surface of which is damaged by micro-Vickers indentation at room temperature, followed by annealing at high temperatures is improved by a factor 2 from 1.13 to 2.26MPam1/2. The fracture toughness Klc was evaluated by measuring the length of cracks which initiate at the corner of Vickers indentation(2). Transmission electron microscopy of the subsurface reveals the healing of cracks introduced by room-temperature indentation and formation of dislocation cells. The thin foil specimens were prepared using a focused ion beam (FIB) technique(3).
XY stage driven by ultrasonic linear motors for the electron-beam x-ray mask writer EB-X3

A new XY stage employing ultrasonic linear motors that is simple, compact, and completely nonmagnetic was developed for an e-beam x-ray mask writer employing step-and-repeat writing. The main performance results are: (1) position fluctuations during writing are less than ±4 nm; (2) the time for a 650 μm step movement is less than 270 ms; (3) the magnetic interference is less than ±1 nT at the e-beam deflection center; and (4) the vibration of the stage when moving at a constant speed is less than ±0.25 m/s2. The new stage is also very easy to maintain. It has been installed in the EB-X3 e-beam x-ray mask writer.
MDY volume 20 issue 1 Cover and Back matter

http://journals.cambridge. org/ect Econometric Theory is an international journal dedicated to advancing theoretical research in econometrics. The journal provides an authoritative, centralized, professional outlet for original contributions in all of the major areas of econometrics. As well as periodic book reviews and articles that embody original theoretical research, the journal publishes historical studies on the evolution of econometric thought and on major scholars. Econometric Theory also serves an educational role by the inclusion of an on-going ‘Problems and Solutions’ series and by ‘ET Interviews’ with pre-eminent scholars in the field. To subscribe contact Customer Services
Strong Mid-Infrared Absorption and High Crystallinity of Microstructured Silicon Formed by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation in NF3 Atmosphere

Arrays of high-quality crystalline conical spikes were formed on silicon surface in the presence of NF3 with femtosecond laser irradiation. The surface of the structures is smooth, and Raman scattering spectroscopy shows that few silicon polymorphs such as a-Si, Si-XII, and Si-III were observed in the conical structures. In the mid-infrared wavelength range of 3–16 µm, the structured surface exhibits a high absorptance up to 0.8. Additionally, the absorptance of the sample remains almost unchanged after the annealing process. These properties of the structured silicon will make it a promising material for mid-infrared applications in optoelectronic fields.