Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Religious delivery: Ein neuer Ansatz zur 'economics of religion'. Marktliche Interpretationen von Religion

Wie wenig haben doch anscheinend Wirtschaft und Religion miteinander zu tun. Dabei ist das Religiose, wenn man scharfer hinsieht, okonomisch konfundiert; allein durch die Finanzierung, die die Institutionen und Agenten des Religiosen benotigen, die Kosten fur Rituale und Kirchen (Le Goff 1988; vgl. diverse Aufsatze in: McCleary 2011), ohne deren Aufbringungen die kirchlichen Institutionen nicht stabil durch die Zeit gingen. Okonomen berechnen aus den Aufwendungen von religiosen Menschen fur ihre Kirchen und Religionen den Grad von Mitgliedschaften und Glaubensverhaftungen.1 Die economics of religion arbeitet mit den gewohnten okonomischen Methoden (die allerdings heute mehr und mehr in Zweifel gezogen werden, weil sie der Komplexitat religiosen Verhaltens nicht gerecht werden (Bourdieu 2000; Riesenbrodt 2007: 104 ff.)). So wenig die Okonomen das Religiose in seiner Breite und Tiefe denken konnen, so thematisieren sie dennoch einen Zusammenhang, den ich die 'marktliche Interpretation der Religion' nenne. Dabei geht es um einen Versuch, das moderne Faktum der Marktintegration des Religiosen nicht als Verlust der religiositas, sondern als ein neues und anderes Medium zu interpretieren, das uber die Marktform indes die Rezeption und Inhalte des Religiosen andert und bestimmt. Die 'Vermarktung' des Religiosen - wir werden im Laufe der Abhandlung die Bedeutung dieses Prozesses herausstellen - ist keine Entsubstantierung der religiositas, sondern mehr nur ihre moderne/hypermoderne Rezeptionsform. Das hat Bedeutung, um es vorsichtig anzudeuten, fur die Religion selbst. [. ]
Fibrin‐specific Fibrinolysis

The recognition that thrombosis within the infarct related coronary artery plays a major role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarcti~n,l-~ and the observation that early administration of thrombolytic agents results in recanalization of occluded coronary arteries: have provided the basis for the development of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. The five thrombolytic agents that are currently either approved for clinical use or under clinical investigation belong to two categories: 1) non-fibrin-specific agents comprising streptokinase, urokinase (tcuPA) and acylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC); and 2) fibrin-specific agents comprising recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator @PA, alteplase) and recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscuPA, pro-urokinase) . The therapeutic use of the non-fibrin-specific agents requires high doses, causing exhaustive plasminogen activation in the circulation, leading to a2-antiplasmin depletion and fibrinogen breakdown, the so-called “lytic state. ” The major concerns with this mode of therapy have been a lower efficacy for coronary arterial thrombolysis as a result of plasminogen “steal” at the fibrin s u ~ f i c e ~ ~ ~ and the potential predisposition toward bleeding associated with breakdown of the hemostatic ~ys tem. ~J The elucidation of the mechanism of fibrin-specific plasminogen activation by tPA and scuPA has fueled the hope that more specific and efficacious thrombolysis might be achieved. The availability of sufficient quantities of both tPA9 and scuPA,lO the two natural fibrin-specific plasminogen activators, has aided in their biological characterization. These properties, summarized in TABLE 1, illustrate that although biochemically and pathophysiologically they are quite distinct, both demonstrate markedly fibrin-specific thrombolysis in numerous animal models and relative clot selectivity in clinical studies.11J2 Both appear to be cleared rapidly from the circulation via the liver implying that continuous intravenous therapy would be required.L’J2 Recently, fibrinspecific clot lysis in a human plasma milieu in vim has also been demonstrated for the bacterial protein staphylokinase. 13314 Here we will briefly review the essential physicochemical properties of the components of the fibrinolytic system, the mechanisms of fibrin-specific fibrinolysis and their implications for thrombolytic therapy.
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: A Systematic Review of 69 Clinical Studies

Study Design. Systematic literature review. Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty using the data presented in published clinical studies, with respect to patient pain relief, restoration of mobility and vertebral body height, complication rate, and incidence of new adjacent vertebral fractures. Summary of Background Data. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have been gaining popularity for treating vertebral fractures. Current reviews provide an overview of the procedures but are not comprehensive and tend to rely heavily on personal experience. This article aimed to compile all available data and evaluate the clinical outcome of the 2 procedures. Methods. This is a systematic review of all the available data presented in peer-reviewed published clinical trials. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated, and data were collected targeting specific standard measurements. Where possible, a quantitative aggregation of the data was performed. Results. A large proportion of subjects had some pain relief, including 87% with vertebroplasty and 92% with kyphoplasty. Vertebral height restoration was possible using kyphoplasty (average 6.6°) and for a subset of patients using vertebroplasty (average 6.6°). Cement leaks occurred for 41% and 9% of treated vertebrae for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, respectively. New fractures of adjacent vertebrae occurred for both procedures at rates that are higher than the general osteoporotic population but approximately equivalent to the general osteoporotic population that had a previous vertebral fracture. Conclusions. The problem with stating definitely that vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are safe and effective procedures is the lack of comparative, blinded, randomized clinical trials. Standardized evaluative methods should be adopted.
Customized Travel Itinerary Mining for Tourism Services

Efficient and Economic trip plan is the most Complicated job for a traveler. Although travel agency can provide some predefined itineraries, they are not tailored for each specific customer. Previous efforts address the problem by providing an automatic itinerary planning service, which organizes the points-of-interests (POIs) into a customized itinerary. Because the search space of all possible itineraries is too costly to fully explore, to simplify the complexity, most work assume that user's trip is limited to some important POIs and will complete within one day. To address the above limitation, in this paper, we design a more general itinerary planning service, which generates multiday itineraries for the users. In our service, all POIs are considered and ranked based on the users' preference. The problem of searching the optimal itinerary is a team orienteering problem (TOP), a well-known NP complete problem. To reduce the processing cost, a two-stage planning scheme is proposed. In its pre-processing stage, single-day itineraries are precomputed via the Map Reduce jobs. In its online stage, an approximate search algorithm is used to combine the single day itineraries. In this way, we transfer the TOP problem with no polynomial approximation into another NP-complete problem (set-packing problem) with good approximate algorithms. Experiments on real data sets show that our approach can generate high-quality itineraries efficiently.
Correlation between uropathogenic properties of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections and the antibody-coated bacteria test and comparison with faecal strains

Summary Strains of Escherichia coli isolated from adult females with symptomatic urinary tract infection were found to possess the following properties significantly more frequently than faecal strains: (i) high K-antigen titre; (ii) haemolysin; (iii) type 1 pili; (iv) mannose-resistant haemagglutination; (v) fermentation of dulcitol and salicin; (vi) O serotype 2, 6 and 75; (vii) H serotype 1. E. coli isolated from urine specimens containing significant numbers of antibody-coated bacteria were richer in these seven properties than strains from urines without detectable antibody-coated bacteria. The O and H serotypes of E. coli obtained from patients with urinary tract infection in two New Zealand cities were compared with those reported in the world literature and found to be similar.
Trajectory sensitivity analysis of influences of excitation system and governors on the dynamics of hydroelectric generating unit

This paper presents the whole dynamic process simulation model of hydroelectric generating unit and studies the applications of trajectory sensitivity analysis on the hydroelectric generating unit simulation, and proposes a method that can solve the equations for trajectory sensitivities more effectively in the simulation model of hydroelectric generating unit. The goal is to find how sensitive the trajectories of each state of hydroelectric systems are to variations in system parameters. The application of trajectory sensitivity analysis on the excitation system and governors of parameters is tested on the dynamics of hydroelectric generating unit. Based on the proposed method, taking the single machine against an infinite bus as an example, the papers further calculates the sensitivity of the hydroelectric systems with respect to the parameters of the excitation system and governors and analyze its dynamic characteristics.
EFFECT OF DIETARY UREA ON OVARIAN STRUCTURES IN SAIDI EWES DURING FOLLICULAR AND LUTEAL PHASES

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to record the number of ovarian follicles, to evaluate the quality of oocyte and to determine serum concentrations of luteinizing (LH) and progesterone (P4) hormones in Saidi ewes fed on urea in relation to follicular and luteal phase. Eighteen clinically healthy ewes of initial body weight 33.8 ± 2.71 kg and about 4 years age were randomly assigned to three groups; the control group (G1) was given basal control diet which met energy requirements for body weight maintenance and the other two groups were fed on basal diet with 1% (G2) and 1.5% (G3) urea on dry matter (DM) basis. The duration of this study was lasted for 3.5 months. The estrous cycles of the ewes were synchronized using two injections of prostaglandin (PGF2α). In each group, three animals were slaughtered 40 hrs after the second injection of PGF2α (follicular phase) whereas the remaining three animals were slaughtered 10 days after the second injection of PGF2α (luteal phase). Upon slaughtering, blood sample and reproductive systems were collected. Stages of estrous, weight of ovaries in addition to the numbers of follicles were recorded. Follicles were categorized according to their diameter into; 4 mm. Follicles (2-4 and >4 mm) were aspirated for recovery of oocytes and recording their quality. Oocytes were graded into cumulus enclosed; partially cumulus enclosed and denuded oocytes. Ovulation rate was recorded through the number of corpora lutea or albicantia. Concentrations of P4 and LH hormones were determined. Differences in response to synchronization among groups were observed. Numbers and diameters of follicles were decreased (P>0.05) in G2 and (P<0.05) G3 compared to G1. Numbers of aspirated follicles, and quality of oocytes decreased in (P<0.05) G2 and G3 compared to G1. Ovulation rate showed no significant difference among experimental groups. Concentration of P4 decreased (P<0.05) in the G3 compared to G1 during luteal phase. It could be concluded that dietary urea had a negative effect on the ovarian follicle numbers and diameters, oocyte quality and serum P4 concentrations.
pipsqueak encodes a novel nuclear protein required downstream of seven‐up for the development of photoreceptors R3 and R4.

Photoreceptor induction in the Drosophila eye is mediated by activation of the Ras signal transduction cascade. Although this process is well understood, little is known about how the diversity of photoreceptor subtypes is generated. The pipsqueak (psq) gene is expressed at high levels in the R3/R4 precursors during eye development and this expression depends on seven‐up (svp) gene function. Moreover, strong psq alleles are dominant suppressors of a svp‐induced cone cell transformation phenotype. Although the gene was previously identified and described as a member of the maternal posterior group of genes, the strong semilethal alleles isolated here demonstrate a specific requirement for psq function downstream of svp for the development of photoreceptors R3/R4. The gene has three independent 5′ ends and codes for several nuclear protein isoforms, some containing the POZ domain which has been implicated in protein‐protein interactions. Interestingly, all viable alleles with a maternal posterior group phenotype cluster around one specific 5′ exon, while all semilethal alleles have lesions which map to a different alternative 5′ exon.
Longitudinal observations of monoamine oxidase B in alcoholics: differentiation of marker characteristics.

The marker characteristics of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) in human platelets were investigated in a clinical study of 59 alcoholics (diagnosed according to the criteria of ICD-10) observed over a period of 6 months. Demographic and family history were obtained by a structured interview, including the substance abuse section of CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Interview). The patient's personality was assessed by Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). Blood samples were first drawn during chronic intoxication (day of admission to the hospital for detoxication), after short-term abstinence (8 days later), medium-term (3 months later), and long-term abstinence (6 months later). A group of 22 matched healthy nonalcoholics served as controls studied under sober conditions and during acute intoxication (4 hr after ingestion of 1 g ethanol/kg body weight). All platelet samples were investigated with 6 kynuramine concentrations as substrate (fluorometric assay) in the absence and presence of 200 mM ethanol (ETOH) in vitro. MAO B activity was significantly reduced in alcoholics during chronic intoxication (Vmax: 2.70 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg protein) compared with sober (Vmax: 3.25 +/- 0.23 nmol/min/mg protein) and acutely intoxicated controls that turned to normal during abstinence. However, MAO B activity obtained during medium- and long-term abstinence was significantly lowered in patients with high novelty-seeking and impulsiveness scores in the TPQ, a history of suicide attempts, or an alcoholic mother. The affinity of MAO B (Km values) was unchanged in alcoholics at any time investigated. Addition of ETOH in vitro reduced the affinity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 with pulmonary hypertension and haemolysis in sickle cell disease

The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in sickle cell disease (SCD) is probably multifactorial. Soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFLT‐1) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. By adhering to and inhibiting VEGF and placenta growth factor, it induces endothelial dysfunction. We sought to evaluate the association of sFLT‐1 with clinical complications of SCD. We confirmed that sFLT‐1 was significantly elevated in SCD patients compared to healthy, race‐matched control subjects. The level of sFLT‐1 was significantly higher in patients with PHT, but no association was observed between sFLT‐1 and the frequency of acute pain episodes or history of acute chest syndrome. sFLT‐1 was correlated with various measures of haemolysis, erythropoietin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1. By inducing endothelial dysfunction, sFLT‐1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of SCD‐associated PHT, although this effect does not appear to be independent of haemolysis.
Rheological Properties of Commercially Available Hyaluronic Acid Products in the United States for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Knee Pain

Objective: The inconsistent results within the current literature regarding the efficacy of intra-articular-hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) have been suggested to be due to intrinsic differences between individual HA products. The purpose of this investigation is to define the rheological differences between currently available HA products in the United States at the time of this study for the treatment of knee OA, which will help elaborate on the appropriateness of classifying HA products as a class opposed to as individual agents. Methods: The rheological parameters for Euflexxa, Orthovisc, Supartz, Monovisc, Synvisc, Synvisc-One, Gel-One, and Hyalgan were obtained with a TA AR 2000 EX Rheometer with a cone-plate geometry (40-mm plate diameter and a 2° cone angle) at room temperature. Results: The bulk rheological parameters of the different products suggest molecular structures traversing the range of dilute solution (Hyalgan, Supartz), semidilute solution (Euflexxa, Orthovisc), entangled solutions (Monovisc, Synvisc, Synvisc-One), and even gel-like (Gel-One) behavior. Conclusions: Due to the differences in rheological properties between IA-HA products, the universal assessment of these products as a class may not be appropriate. Instead, it may be more appropriate to assess each product individually. Future research should aim to link these differences in rheological properties to the differences in clinical efficacy seen across these IA-HA products.
Wavelet-Synchronization Methodology: A New Approach for EEG-Based Diagnosis of ADHD

A multi-paradigm methodology is presented for electroencephalogram (EEG) based diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through adroit integration of nonlinear science; wavelets, a signal processing technique; and neural networks, a pattern recognition technique. The selected nonlinear features are generalized synchronizations known as synchronization likelihoods (SL), both among all electrodes and among electrode pairs. The methodology consists of three parts: first detecting the more synchronized loci (group 1) and loci with more discriminative deficit connections (group 2). Using SLs among all electrodes, discriminative SLs in certain sub-bands are extracted. In part two, SLs are computed, not among all electrodes, but between loci of group 1 and loci of group 2 in all sub-bands and the band-limited EEG. This part leads to more accurate detection of deficit connections, and not just deficit areas, but more discriminative SLs in sub-bands with finer resolutions. In part three, a classification technique, radial basis function neural network, is used to distinguish ADHD from normal subjects. The methodology was applied to EEG data obtained from 47 ADHD and 7 control individuals with eyes closed. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network classifier yielded a high accuracy of 95.6% for diagnosis of the ADHD in the feature space discovered in this research with a variance of 0.7%.
Comparative Analysis of Features for Determining State of Health in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Traditionally, capacity and resistance have been used as the features to determine the state of health of lithium-ion batteries. In the present study, two additional features, the length of time of the constant current and the constant voltage phases of charging were used as additional indicators of state of health. To compare the appropriateness of each state of health feature, batteries were subjected to different discharge profiles and tested to failure. For each cycle, capacity, resistance, length of the constant current charge time and length of the constant voltage charge time were measured and compared based on their usefulness to estimate the state of health. Lastly, all the features were combined to give a fusion result for state of health estimation.
Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT For the treatment of a single metastasis to the brain, surgical resection combined with postoperative radiotherapy is more effective than treatment with radiotherapy alone. However, the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy after complete surgical resection has not been established. OBJECTIVE To determine if postoperative radiotherapy resulted in improved neurologic control of disease and increased survival. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, parallel group trial. SETTING University-affiliated cancer treatment facilities. PATIENTS Ninety-five patients who had single metastases to the brain that were treated with complete surgical resections (as verified by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging) between September 1989 and November 1997 were entered into the study. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with postoperative whole-brain radiotherapy (radiotherapy group, 49 patients) or no further treatment (observation group, 46 patients) for the brain metastasis, with median follow-up of 48 weeks and 43 weeks, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was recurrence of tumor in the brain; secondary end points were length of survival, cause of death, and preservation of ability to function independently. RESULTS Recurrence of tumor anywhere in the brain was less frequent in the radiotherapy group than in the observation group (9 [18%] of 49 vs 32 [70%] of 46; P<.001). Postoperative radiotherapy prevented brain recurrence at the site of the original metastasis (5 [10%] of 49 vs 21 [46%] of 46; P<.001) and at other sites in the brain (7 [14%] of 49 vs 17 [37%] of 46; P<.01). Patients in the radiotherapy group were less likely to die of neurologic causes than patients in the observation group (6 [14%] of 43 who died vs 17 [44%] of 39; P=.003). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in overall length of survival or the length of time that patients remained functionally independent. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer and single metastases to the brain who receive treatment with surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy have fewer recurrences of cancer in the brain and are less likely to die of neurologic causes than similar patients treated with surgical resection alone.
Drug‐induced QT interval shortening: potential harbinger of proarrhythmia and regulatory perspectives

ATP‐dependent potassium channel openers such as pinacidil and levcromakalim have long been known to shorten action potential duration and to be profibrillatory in non‐clinical models, raising concerns on the clinical safety of drugs that shorten QT interval. Routine non‐clinical evaluation of new drugs for their potential to affect cardiac repolarization has revealed that drugs may also shorten QT interval. The description of congenital short QT syndrome in 2000, together with the associated arrhythmias, suggests that drug‐induced short QT interval may be proarrhythmic, and an uncanny parallel is evolving between our appreciation of the short and the long QT intervals. Epidemiological studies report an over‐representation of short QT interval values in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, as new compounds that shorten QT interval are progressed further into clinical development, questions will inevitably arise on their safety. Arising from the current risk‐averse clinical and regulatory environment and concerns on proarrhythmic safety of drugs, together with our lack of a better understanding of the clinical significance of short QT interval, new drugs that substantially shorten QT interval will likely receive an unfavourable regulatory review unless these drugs fulfil an unmet clinical need. This review provides estimates of parameters of QT shortening that may be of potential clinical significance. Rufinamide, a recently approved anticonvulsant, illustrates the current regulatory approach to drugs that shorten QT interval. However, to further substantiate or confirm the safety of these drugs, their approval may well be conditional upon large‐scale post‐marketing studies with a focus on cardiac safety.