Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universitet Scale efficiency in danish agriculture

This paper presents the results of an analysis that predicts the scale efficiency of individual farms and analyses the differences in scale efficiency over time and between farms. Representative farm account data for 1985–2006 are used, and the study applies stochastic frontier analysis using an input distance–function approach. The results show that pig farms have improved their input scale efficiency significantly over time, as have dairy farms during the last few years after a period of constant scale efficiency. Crop farms have the lowest scale efficiency, and there is a considerable potential for improving productivity in the cash crop sector by increasing the size of the farms. It is shown that a change in scale efficiency and technological change are the major components of aggregate productivity changes for all farm types.
Cardiac RAGE in sepsis: call TOLL free for anti-RAGE.

See related article, pages 1239–1246 Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection. The hallmarks of clinical sepsis are a broad range of systemic and organ function aberrations, including core temperature (hypothermia or hyperthermia), cardiac (rate and contractility), and respiratory and hematologic perturbations. When sepsis results in at least 1 organ failure or dysfunction, it is classified as severe sepsis. Severe sepsis with hypotension unresponsive to fluid resuscitation defines septic shock. Sepsis syndrome afflicts almost 750 000 patients in the United States each year, at a cost of almost $17 billion, and causes more than 200 000 deaths annually. The incidence of sepsis syndrome continues to rise along with the increase in life span and several other important risk factors. Sepsis without organ dysfunction is a relatively benign condition, and spontaneous recovery with conservative measures results in low in-hospital mortality (5% to 10%). Severe sepsis and septic shock carry high mortality, 30% to 50%, in spite of all that modern treatment offers.1–3 Genetic predisposing factors have been proposed including mutations in cytokine genes such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6. Most of these polymorphisms, implicated in increasing severity of sepsis, are associated with increases in these proinflammatory cytokines. Abnormalities in Toll-like receptor-4 and its signaling kinase, IRAK-4, have been associated with worse outcomes. The alarming increase in pathogens resistant to antibiotics that, in the past, were very effective in prevention and treatment of sepsis no doubt contributes to increases in severe sepsis prevalence in the elderly. The key mechanisms believed to initiate and propagate …
Berberine inhibits the ischemia-reperfusion injury induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of myocardial cells through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, and can lead to serious damage and dysfunction of the myocardial tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that berberine exhibits ameliorative effects on cardiovascular disease. The present study further investigated the efficacy and potential mechanism underlying the effects of berberine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse model. Inflammatory markers were measured in the serum and levels of inflammatory proteins in myocardial cells were investigated after treatment with berberine. In addition, the apoptosis of myocardial cells was investigated after berberine treatment. Apoptosis-associated gene expression levels and apoptotic signaling pathways were analyzed in myocardial cells after treatment with berberine. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways were also analyzed in myocardial cells after treatment with berberine. Histological analysis was used to analyze the potential benefits of berberine in ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study identified that inflammatory responses and inflammatory factors were decreased in the myocardial cells of the mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that berberine inhibited apoptotic protease-activating factor 1, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in myocardial cells. The expression of Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death, Bcl-2-like protein 1 and cellular tumor antigen p53 was upregulated. Expression of NF-κB p65, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit β (IKK-β), NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα), and NF-κB activity, were inhibited in myocardial cells in the mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that berberine inhibits inflammatory responses through the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppresses the apoptosis of myocardial cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. These results suggest that berberine is a potential drug for the treatment of patients with ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Toward further expansion of the organ pool for adult liver recipients: splitting the cadaveric liver into right and left lobes1

Background. Current methods of living donor right lobe transplantation can be expanded for use in the cadaveric setting. The aim of this study is to discuss alternative methods for the management of large-for-size cadaveric livers and determine the feasibility of splitting these organs into left and right hemi-livers using similar techniques to those used in the living donor setting. Methods. The indication for an in situ right-left split procedure was an offer of a large liver for a small recipient with a recipient-donor ratio of greater than 1.5. A total of three livers were split. Mean donor age was 33.3 (range, 22–40) years. Mean weight was 118 (range, 90–150) kg. All donors were without significant medical history and were hemodynamically stable, with normal liver function and short hospital stay. Mean duration of the procurement procedure was 235 (range, 210–270) min. Mean cold ischemia time was 8.5 hr. Mean recipient weight was 58.3 kg, and mean donor to recipient weight ratio was 2.0 (1.6–2.6). United Network for Organ Sharing statuses at the time of transplantation were 1 (n=1), 2A (n=1), and 2B (n=4). Results. Immediate graft function was seen in five recipients. Delayed nonfunction was identified in one recipient of a left lobe, who did not undergo transplantation because of sepsis that resulted in death at 30 days. A second mortality occurred in a left lobe recipient, from a fungal brain abscess at 90 days. Complications related to the split included bile leaks in two patients, one necessitating operative revision. Conclusions. Splitting of livers from appropriate brain-dead donors into right and left lobes is technically and logistically feasible. The large-for-size organ provides a more substantial amount of liver tissue to each of the adult recipients, which may result in a greater graft to recipient weight ratio than the current standard that is used in the living donor grafting. The importance of this variable will need to be studied, because it may positively impact on the ability of the reduced-size graft to withstand donor-related organ system stress and injury, which is associated with brain death and the inevitable longer period of cold preservation.
An Efficient Flow Control Approach for SDN-Based Network Threat Detection and Migration Using Support Vector Machine

Most existing approaches for solving the network threat problems focus on the specific security mechanisms, for example, network intrusion detection system (NIDS) detection, firewall configuration, rather than on flow management approaches to defend network threats with an SDN (Software Defined Networking) architecture. Accordingly, this study proposes an improved behaviour-based SVM (support vector machine) with learning algorithm for use in the security monitoring system (SMS) to categorize network threats for network intrusion detection system. The model also adopted the ID3 decision tree theory to outrank raw features and determine the most qualified features to train support vector classifier (SVC) considering the overall detection precision rate of experiments which speeds up the learning of normal and intrusive patterns and and increases the accuracy of detecting intrusion. By using sFlow collector and analyzer associated with sFlow-RT toolset, the experimental results proved that the SMS enables a defender to classify the network threats with defence strategies and defend network threats.
Effect of iproniazid on serotonin metabolism in vivo.

Administration of 1-isopropyl-2-isonicotinyl hydrazide (iproniazid) to animals has been shown to produce a 2-to 3-fold increase in endogenous brain serotonin and to increase the amounts of serotonin appearing in brain following 5HTP. However, iproniazid has little effect on peripheral depots of serotonin or on the metabolism of serotonin or tyramine when they are administered parenterally. This is due to its inability to penetrate to the site of monoamine oxidase in intact cells.
Risk forCervical Intraepithelial NeoplasiaGrade 3orWorse in Relation to Smoking among Women with Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection

Background: Smoking has been associated with cervical cancer. We examined whether smoking increases the risk for high-grade cervical lesions in women with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Methods: In a population-based cohort study, 8,656 women underwent a structured interview, and subsequently cervical cells were obtained for HPV DNA testing. Women with high-risk HPV infection and noprevalent cervical disease at baseline (n1⁄4 1,353)were followed through thePathologyDataBank for cervical lesions for up to 13 years. Separate analyses of women with persistent high-risk HPV infection (n 1⁄4 312) were also conducted. HRs for a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (CIN3þ) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in the two groups. Results:Amonghigh-riskHPV-positivewomen, an increased risk forCIN3þwas associatedwith long-term smoking ( 10 years) and heavy smoking ( 20 cigarettes/d). In the subgroup of women with persistent HPV infection, heavy smokingwas also associatedwith a statistically significantly higher risk for CIN3þ than never smoking (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.05–3.22, adjusted for length of schooling, parity, and HPV type at baseline). The averagenumber of cervical cytology screening tests per yearduring follow-updidnot explain thedifferences in risk in relation to smoking (P 1⁄4 0.4). Conclusions: Smoking is associated with an increased risk for subsequent high-grade cervical lesions in women with persistent high-risk HPV infection. Impact: Our study adds to the understanding of the role of smoking in the natural history of HPV and cervical carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(11); 1949–55. 2012 AACR.
I²DEE : intégrer et visualiser des données biologiques pour concevoir une ressource termino-ontologique

Dans differents domaines, le besoin d'organiser et de structurer les donnees pour ameliorer leur exploitation et leur diffusion monopolise de nombreuses equipes de recherche. Au cœur de ces travaux on trouve souvent une ressource terminologique ou ontologique (RTO) specifique a une application dans le domaine considere. Cependant la conception de cette RTO ignore trop souvent des donnees heterogenes provenant de ressources specifiques. Dans le domaine biomedical, il peut s'agir de rapports d'actes medicaux, de ressources bibliographiques, mais egalement de donnees biologiques issues de bases de donnees telles que GOA, Gene Ontology ou encore KEGG. Cet article presente un environnement integre d'ingenierie ontologique experimente dans le domaine de la biologie. Son objectif principal est l'integration de donnees heterogenes dans le processus de conception d'une RTO specifique a une application donnee. Cet environnement permet, grâce a une chaine d'analyse et de traitement de donnees, de filtrer les concepts et relations pertinents pour cette application et de les presenter a l'utilisateur au travers d'une carte de connaissances avec laquelle il peut interagir via une interface personnalisable.
Protein Equalizer™ Technology : The quest for a “democratic proteome”

No proteome can be considered “democratic”, but rather “oligarchic”, since a few proteins dominate the landscape and often obliterate the signal of the rare ones. This is the reason why most scientists lament that, in proteome analysis, the same set of abundant proteins is seen again and again. A host of pre‐fractionation techniques have been described, but all of them, one way or another, are besieged by problems, in that they are based on a “depletion principle”, i.e. getting rid of the unwanted species. Yet “democracy” calls not for killing the enemy, but for giving “equal rights” to all people. One way to achieve that would be the use of “Protein Equalizer Technology” for reducing protein concentration differences. This comprises a diverse library of combinatorial ligands coupled to spherical porous beads. When these beads come into contact with complex proteomes (e.g. human urine and serum, egg white, and any cell lysate, for that matter) of widely differing protein composition and relative abundances, they are able to “equalize” the protein population, by sharply reducing the concentration of the most abundant components, while simultaneously enhancing the concentration of the most dilute species. It is felt that this novel method could offer a strong step forward in bringing the “unseen proteome” (due to either low abundance and/or presence of interference) within the detection capabilities of current proteomics detection methods. Examples are given of equalization of human urine and serum samples, resulting in the discovery of a host of proteins never reported before. Additionally, these beads can be used to remove host cell proteins from purified recombinant proteins or protein purified from natural sources that are intended for human consumption. These proteins typically reach purities of the order of 98%: higher purities often become prohibitively expensive. Yet, if incubated with “equalizer beads”, these last impurities can be effectively removed at a small cost and with minute losses of the main, valuable product.
Linearization of donor DNA during plasmid transformation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

We examined the fate of plasmid DNA after uptake during transformation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. An 11.5-kilobase plasmid, pFA10, was processed to linear double-stranded DNA during uptake by competent cells, but cleavage of pFA10 was not site specific. A minority of pFA10 entered as open circles. A 42-kilobase plasmid, pFA14, was degraded into small fragments during uptake; no intracellular circular forms of pFA14 were evident. Since pFA10 DNA linearized by a restriction enzyme was not further cut during uptake, the endonucleolytic activity associated with entry of plasmid DNA appeared to act preferentially on circular DNA. Although linear plasmid DNA was taken up into a DNase-resistant state as efficiently as circular DNA, linear plasmid DNA transformed much less efficiently than circular plasmid DNA. These data suggest that during entry transforming plasmid DNA often is processed to double-stranded linear molecules; transformants may arise when some molecules are repaired to form circles. Occasional molecules which enter as intact circles may also lead to transformants.
Anesthesia Alarms in Context: An Observational Study

This paper surveys current work on the design of alarms for anesthesia environments and notes some of the problems arising from the need to interpret alarms in context. Anesthetists' responses to audible alarms in the operating room were observed across four types of surgical procedure (laparoscopic, arthroscopic, cardiac, and intracranial) and across three phases of a procedure (induction, maintenance, and emergence). Alarms were classified as (a) requiring a corrective response, (b) being the intended result of a decision, (c) being ignored as a nuisance alarm, or (d) functioning as a reminder. Results revealed strong effects of the type of procedure and phase of procedure on the number and rate of audible alarms. Some alarms were relatively confined to specific phases; others were seen across phases, and responses differed according to phase. These results were interpreted in light of their significance for the development of effective alarm systems. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of alarm systems that are more informative and more sensitive to operative context than are current systems.
Groupes modulaires et groupes d'automorphismes de complexes de surfaces de type infini

Soit sigma g,n une surface orientable de genre g avec n trous. Le groupe modulaire de sigma g,n agit sur divers complexes, comme le complexe de courbes et le complexe de decomposition en pantalons. Il a ete prouve, selon une approche initialement etablie par Ivanov, que le groupe d'automorphismes de chacun de ces complexes est isomorphe au groupe modulaire. Cela implique notamment que le groupe des automorphismes exterieurs d'un sous-groupe d'indice fini du groupe modulaire est fini. Le but de cette these est de demontrer un resultat similaire s'appliquant a des surfaces de type infini de genre zero. Pour cela, on definit un groupe modulaire asymptotique de ces surfaces, puis un complexe cellulaire localement infini sur lequel le groupe modulaire agit naturellement. On fait apparaitre des proprietes du groupe des automorphismes de chaque complexe en faisant agir les automorphismes sur des graphes auxiliaires. Le premier groupe modulaire etudiee est isomorphe au groupe de Thompson T. Le second est une extension du groupe modulaire universel de genre zero.
Développements formels par objets : Utilisation conjointe de B et d'UML

Ce travail concerne les premieres etapes du developpement de logiciels et notamment l'activite de specification. Il consiste en l'etude de deux formalismes : la methode B et le langage UML. Il s'appuit sur la complementarite de ces deux approches et contribue au rapprochement des langages formels et des notations graphiques a objets. Notre sujet de these vise a etudier et a mettre en oeuvre des techniques de construction qui permettent de faciliter le developpement de specifications formelles dans le langage B. Nous proposons pour cela d'utiliser l'ensemble des notations UML pour faciliter et documenter la specification formelle. Le developpement est fonde sur deux vues complementaires : une vue UML qui decrit de maniere synthetique et intuitive les differents aspects du futur systreme, une vue BG qui sert de support pour la verification et permet l'etude rigoureuse des composants specifies. Notre modele de developpement est base sur la construction initiale d'un modele UML constitue de diagrammes de classes et de diagrammes d'etats-transitions. Ce modele est transforme a l'aide de schemas de derivation ou une specification formelle B qui sera completee par la suite au niveau de la definition de ses operations et/ou par des contraintes qui ne figurent pas dans les diagrammes UML. La conception des modeles peut etre facilitee par l'utilisation de patterns largement repandus au niveau du developpement par objets. Nous fournissons ainsi une demarche qui permet l'utilisation de patterns pour la specification conjointe en B et en UML. Finalement, nous proposons de generer et de prouver des obligations de preuves complementaires a la methode B. Le role de celles-ci est de verifier des contraintes liees a l'utilisation des objets
Molecular genetics of human immune responsiveness to pollen allergens

Introduction Atopic allergy is a complex, immunologically-based disease that is dependent on specific IgE antibody (Ab) responses to environmental antigens (allergens) [1]. In order to understand this disease, we need to appreciate the multif actorial (multiple genetic and environmental) determinants which lead to the allergen specificity and the different clinical manifestations allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, etc. For genetic analyses, we believe that the simplistic notions of single atopy-determining genes (reviewed in [2-5]) simply have to go; but, equally importantly, we have to frame our hypotheses appropriately, to choose our study populations and families carefully and ask the right questions; otherwise, we will become eternally bogged down in the complexity of the problem. Our primary focus here will be on the immunobiology of allergy, particularly of allergen-specific immune responsiveness. Another area of relevance genetically is the (presumably) multiple non-immunologic factors which influence the characteristic pathophysiologies found in different classes of allergies (cf, [6]). In regard to immunogenetic factors in atopic allergy, let us consider the following postulates. 1) Clinically, the principal causative determinant of a specific allergy is specific IgE Ab response(s) to one or more components of an environmental allergen complex(es), such as a pollen or an animal dander. 2) The sum of all the specific IgE Ab responses to individual allergens within such allergen complexes is reflected in the total serum IgE level; only allergen-specific IgE is present in the serum (except perhaps in parasitic infestations and certain pathologic states such as myeloma). 3) Since virtually everyone has measurable total serum IgE levels, virtually everyone is "immunologically atopic" to some allergen(s); whether this is actually recognized clinically by the patient and/or the clinician depends primarily on the prevalence of the allergen(s). Often the offending allergen(s) in subjects who are believed to be clinically non-atopic, but who have measurable serum IgE, go undetected by the limited panel of allergen extracts used for skin-test and/or RAST screening. 4) We believe that, from an immunological point of view, to talk of the inheritance of an "atopy" gene is largely irrelevant, since virtually everyone is atopic in this sense. It is more appropriate to talk about the genetic determinants of: a) overall IgE responsiveness, and b) specific responsiveness (MHC, TcR, Ig genes), and how they influence the expression of the various clinical phenotypes characteristic of atopic disease.
Desarrollo de una herramienta para el enriquecimiento de vídeo capturado a través de cámaras embarcadas en UAVs

En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se describe el desarrollo de una aplicacion de realidad aumentada que tiene por objetivo el enriquecimiento del video capturado por camaras embarcadas en drones. Se han implementado, a partir de una herramienta base de realidad aumentada, una serie de funcionalidades y mejoras de presentacion que permitan aumentar las prestaciones de la misma. Se ha trabajado en la inclusion de diversos elementos virtuales con el objetivo de anadir referencias que aporten informacion en tiempo real del estado de la mision que lleva a cabo el dron, mejorando asi la conciencia de situacion del operador. Estos elementos posibilitan, por un lado, la senalizacion de objetivos, mediante la inclusion de diferentes tipos de marcadores; y por otro, la senalizacion dinamica de rutas a seguir. Ademas, se han desarrollado ciertas mejoras de visualizacion, que incluyen el uso de modelos virtuales de terreno. Esto permite recrear virtualmente la orografia del terreno, ofreciendo un aspecto final mas realista al usuario de la herramienta. Estudiaremos a lo largo de este documento que novedades introduce esta implementacion, como se han desarrollado las estrategias adoptadas y que particularidades ofrece la aplicacion final.