Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF GINGER EXTRACTS ON TOTAL PROTEIN AMOUNT AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, is a medicinal plant that also spreads in our country. In this research, extracts of Z. officinale rhizomes were prepared with different solvents (ethanol, methanol, distilled water, DMSO). Zingiber rhizome extracts were sprayed on the leaves of rio grande and marmande varieties of 10-12 weeks old Solanum lycopersicum plantlets. Total protein amount and peroxidase activity were examined by spectrophotometrically 24 and 48 hours after the application. According to the results, it was determined that the maximum increase in the total protein amount compared with the control group was 31.31% and 25.53% in marmande and rio grande varieties in ginger rhizome extract prepared with methanol, respectively. The increase in peroxidase activity was determined as 144.14% and 124.85% in marmande and rio grande varieties in ginger rhizome extract prepared with ethanol, respectively. As a result of our research, it was determined that rhizome extracts of Z. officinale can be used as natural plant activator.
Semantic Modelling of Ship Behavior in Harbor Based on Ontology and Dynamic Bayesian Network

Recognizing ship behavior is important for maritime situation awareness and intelligent transportation management. Some scholars extracted ship behaviors from massive trajectory data by statistical analysis. However, the meaning of the behaviors, i.e., semantic meanings of behaviors and their relationships, are not explicit. Ship behaviors are affected by navigational area and traffic rules, so their meanings can be obtained only in specific maritime situations. The work establishes the semantic model of ship behavior (SMSB) to represent and reason the meaning of the behaviors. Firstly, a semantic network is built based on maritime traffic rules and good seamanship. The corresponding detection methods are then proposed to identify basic ship behaviors in various maritime scenes, including dock, anchorage, traffic lane, and general scenes. After that, dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is used to reason potential ship behaviors. Finally, trajectory annotation and semantic query of the model are validated in the different scenes of harbor. The basic behaviors and potential behaviors in all typical scenes of any harbor can be obtained accurately and expressed conveniently using the proposed model. The model facilitates the ships behavior research, contributing to the semantic trajectory analysis.
ATLAS OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY , HEAD & NECK OPERATIVE SURGERY ENDOSCOPIC APPROACH TO ORBITAL CAVERNOUS HAEMANGIOMA ( OCH ) AND INTRACONAL TUMOURS : SURGICAL ANATOMY AND TECHNIQUES

The position of intraconal tumors relative to the optic nerve dictates the choice of surgical approach. Tumours with their epicenter medial to the optic nerve or “below a plane of resectability” (POR), which represents a plane subtended by the contralateral nostril and the long axis of the optic nerve, are amenable to an endoscopic approach. The feasibility and safety of this approach has been demonstrated in the literature. Tumours located lateral and superior to the POR are not candidates for an exclusively endoscopic resection.
Capital allocation under the Fundamental Review of Trading Book

Facing the FRTB, banks need to allocate their capital to each business units or risk positions to evaluate the capital efficiency of their strategies. This paper proposes two computationally efficient allocation methods which are weighted according to liquidity horizon. Both methods provide more stable and less negative allocations under the FRTB than under the current regulatory framework.
A mathematical model of Chlamydia infection of incorporating spatial movement of chlamydial particles

We present a spatiotemporal mathematical model of chlamydial infection, host immune response and spatial movement of infectious particles. The resulting partial differential equations model both the dynamics of the infection and changes in infection profile observed spatially along the length of the host genital tract. This model advances previous chlamydia modelling by incorporating spatial change which we also demonstrate to be essential when the timescale for movement of infectious particles is equal to or shorter than the developmental cycle timescale. Numerical solutions and model analysis are carried out and we present a hypothesis regarding the potential for treatment and prevention of infection by increasing chlamydial particle motility.
B-DEC: Digital Evidence Cabinet based on Blockchain for Evidence Management

Digital evidence handling and preservation are one stage of digital forensic process. This part is very crucial because digital evidence is the basis of digital forensic process. The credibility of digital evidence must be maintaned for law and court process. Process of preservation of digital evidence known as chain of custody (CoC). CoC is a document that used to ensure that digital evidence remains and does not change. Both during the investigation process until the completion of the forensic process. Electronic evidence documentation is different from digital evidence documentatation. The different are character and the metadata. Some adjustments need to be accomodated on system for digital evidence. Digital evidence is easy to change as well as its CoC document. It needs to be protected. A new technology is needed that can ensure integrity of digital evidence and CoC Document like the blockchain. In this study, digital evidence management will be built on the CoC concept with blockchain technology. More precisely, this design combines the framework of the Digital Evidence Bag (DEC) with blockchain technology. This prototype is known as the Blockchain Digital Evidence Bag (B-DEC). B-DEC utilizes the data storage integrity to accommodate digital evidence
ix Preface : background and overview *

Economists have been thinking about crime for centuries. Adam Smith, in his 1763 Lectures on Jurisprudence, explained that ‘the disorders in any country are more or less according to the number of retainers and dependants in it’. Smith was referring to the ‘idle and luxurious life’ enjoyed by servants that ‘renders them altogether depraved both in mind and body’ and, as a result, both unwilling and unable to survive except by ‘crimes and vices’ when released by their masters. The solution to this problem, according to Smith, was to create an environment that was conducive to a free and competitive economy, as this will ‘give the poorer sort better wages’ as well as independence. The hypothesized relationship between labor markets and crime suggested by Smith has been extensively explored in the modern literature, as explained by David Mustard in Chapter 14 of this volume. Cesare Beccaria’s essays on Crime and Punishment (1964 [1764]) appeared about a year after Smith’s Lectures. Beccaria was a jurist in Milan who also studied and wrote about criminology and economics. He assumed that individuals choose to commit crimes when the expected benefi ts are greater that the expected costs, and contended that punishment could deter crimes. The deterrence hypothesis provides the focus of much of the modern economics of crime literature. Part I’s Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as Chapters 6, 7 and 16, in this volume all address theoretical and/or empirical issues about deterrence relationships. Beccaria was an advocate for reduced severity of punishment, however, and particularly opposed capital punishment. For punishment to be eff ective, he contended, it should ‘never be an act of violence committed by one or many against a private citizen’. He also maintained that the harshest penalties must be moderate, ‘proportionate to the crime, and established by law’. The concept of marginal deterrence is evident in his writings. Beccaria also advocated a presumptionofinnocence standard, and protection of civil liberties. One reason for Beccaria’s arguments in favor of presumption of innocence, civil liberties and moderating punishment is that he was also a critic of the criminal law process, especially as it involved the use of torture. The behavior of legislators, police, judges, prosecutors, corrections offi cials, victims and other participants in the criminal justice system or their impacts on the performance of the criminal law process itself still has not attracted much attention by economists, relative to the studies of the behavior of criminals. Chapters 5 through 10 in Part II consider some of the important issues about the workings of the criminal justice system, however, and illustrate the kinds of questions economists can consider. Jeremy Bentham was one of the people infl uenced by Beccaria’s arguments and analysis. Bentham called the rational choice theory proposed by Beccaria the ‘hedonic calculus’ and concluded, like Beccaria, that punishment should be designed to convince individuals that criminal activity was not worth the cost. He also opposed capital punishment,
Replica selection in Apache Cassandra

Keeping response times low is crucial in order to provide a good user experience. Especially the tail latency proves to be a challenge to keep low as size, complexity and overall use of services scale up. In this thesis we look at reducing the tail latency for reads in the Apache Cassandra database system by implementing the new replica selection algorithm called C3, recently developed by Lalith Suresh, Marco Canini, Stefan Schmid and Anja Feldmann. Through extensive benchmarks with several stress tools, we find that C3 indeed decreases the tail latencies of Cassandra on generated load. However, when evaluating C3 on production load, results does not show any particular improvement. We argue that this is mostly due to the variable size records in the data set and token awareness in the production client. We also present a client-side implementation of C3 in the DataStax Java driver in an attempt to remove the caveat of token aware clients. The client-side implementation did give positive results, but as the benchmark results showed a lot of variance we deem the results to be too inconclusive to confirm that the implementation works as intended. We conclude that the serverside C3 algorithm will work e ectively for systems with homogeneous row sizes where the clients are not token aware.
Intermediation Costs and Financial Fragility 1

This paper studies implications of intermediation costs in credit markets. The presence of intermediation costs increases the amount of risky projects therefore results in financial fragility. Moreover, for an open economy that has a perfectly liberal capital account, prudent firms finance their projects from foreign markets therefore shrinking the domestic credit markets. The theoretical predictions of our model gains support by Turkish data for the 1991 – 2004 period. Data suggests that an increase in intermediation costs results in an increase in non-performing loans, and an increase in foreign financing (shrinking of domestic credit markets). We argue that minimization of these costs improves financial soundness. 1 Opinions expressed in this study are Authors’ and do not represent the views of the Central Bank of Turkey. We thank Şeref Saygılı, Mesut Saygılı, seminar participants at the Central Bank and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. 2 Corresponding Author: The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Research and Monetary Policy Department, International Economic Analysis Division, Istiklal Cad. No: 10, Ulus 06100 Ankara, Tel: (+90 312) 310 9341, ferhan.salman@tcmb.gov. tr
"Everyone Has Some Personal Stuff": Designing to Support Digital Privacy with Shared Mobile Phone Use in Bangladesh

People in South Asia frequently share a single device among multiple individuals, resulting in digital privacy challenges. This paper explores a design concept that aims to mitigate some of these challenges through a 'tiered' privacy model. Using this model, a person creates a 'shared' account that contains data they are willing to share and that is assigned a password that will be shared. Simultaneously, they create a separate 'secret' account that contains data they prefer to keep secret and that uses a password they do not share with anyone. When a friend or family member asks to check their device, the user can tell them the password for their shared account, with their private data secure in the secret account that the other person is unaware of. We explore the benefits and trade-offs of our design through a three-week deployment with 21 participants in Bangladesh, presenting findings that show how our work aids digital privacy while also exposing the challenges that remain.
What Patients With Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Can Teach Us About Moral Responsibility

Moral and legal responsibility is diminished in neuropsychiatric patients who lack the capacity to use reasoning to determine morally appropriate behavior. Patients with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), however, develop immoral behaviors as a result of their disease despite the ability to explicitly state that their behavior is wrong. In order to determine whether bvFTD patients should be held responsible for their immoral behavior, we begin by discussing the philosophical concepts of free will, determinism, and responsibility. Those who believe in both determinism and free will are called compatibilists. We argue that reason-responsiveness, a specific type of compatibilism, cannot fully determine responsibility in bvFTD patients if reason-responsiveness is considered to be a single, unified concept. Instead, we argue that several different neuropsychological capacities, including many that are impaired in bvFTD patients, contribute to a patient's ability to respond to certain reasons in specific situations. Finally, we propose a new framework for understanding reason-responsiveness, using case examples to illustrate how this model can be used to determine responsibility in neuropsychiatric patients.
Are Retirees More Satisfied? Anticipation and Adaptation Effects of Retirement on Subjective Well-Being: A Panel Analysis for Germany

Quality of life and satisfaction with life are of particular importance for individuals as well as for society concerning the "demographic change" with now longer retirement periods. This study will contribute to the life satisfaction discussion and quantifies life satisfaction and pattern of explanation before and after such a prominent life cycle event, the entrance into retirement. In particular, with the individual longitudinal data and 33 waves of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the appropriate microeconometric causal fixed effects robust panel methods we ask and quantify if actual life satisfaction indeed is decreasing before retirement, is increasing at the entrance into retirement, and is decreasing then after certain periods back to a foregoing level. Thus, we ask if such an anticipation and adaptation pattern – as known from other prominent events – is also to discover for life satisfaction before and after retirement in Germany.
Hydrodynamic Phonon Transport: Past, Present, and Prospect

The hydrodynamic phonon transport was studied several decades ago for verifying the quantum theory of lattice thermal transport. Recent prediction of significant hydrodynamic phonon transport in graphitic materials shows its practical importance for high thermal conductivity materials and brought a renewed attention. As the study on this topic has been inactive to some extent for several decades, we aim at providing a brief overview of the past studies as well as very recent studies. The topics we discuss in this chapter include the collective motion of phonons, several approaches to solve the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation for hydrodynamic phonon transport, the role of normal scattering for thermal resistance, and the propagation of second sound. Then, we close this chapter with our perspectives for the future studies and the practical implication of hydrodynamic phonon transport.
Speech Act Analysis of Marhaban Sermon in Bainai Eve at Kapur Region-Lima Puluh District, West Sumatera Province

The current study offers an initial pragmatic exploration of Marhaban Sermon. This sermon is a specific speech done in one kind of rite of passage ceremony done in Minangkabau tradition, namely Bainaieve. Bainaieve ceremony is usually held after the marriage ceremony (qabul) and several days or overnight before the wedding reception. The study mainly employs the speech act theory for analysis. The data is taken from Kapur District IX Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatera Province. Based on the speech at Bainaieve found several types of utterances, namely the locus of speech, illocution, perlocution. The types of speech acts obtained were 41 data about locus speech acts, 32 data about illocutionary speech acts, and seven data of speech acts in each location. ©2020Politeknik Negeri Bali
The e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey (e-MERGE): Overview and Survey Description

We present an overview and description of the eMERLIN Galaxy Evolution survey (eMERGE) Data Release 1 (DR1), a large program of high-resolution 1.5 GHz radio observations of the GOODS-N field comprising $\sim140$ hours of observations with eMERLIN and $\sim40$ hours with the Very Large Array (VLA). We combine the long baselines of eMERLIN (providing high angular resolution) with the relatively closely-packed antennas of the VLA (providing excellent surface brightness sensitivity) to produce a deep 1.5 GHz radio survey with the sensitivity ($\sim 1.5\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$), angular resolution ($0.2"$--$0.7"$) and field-of-view ($\sim15' \times 15'$) to detect and spatially resolve star-forming galaxies and AGN at $z\gtrsim 1$. The goal of eMERGE is to provide new constraints on the deep, sub-arcsecond radio sky which will be surveyed by SKA1-mid. In this initial publication, we discuss our data analysis techniques, including steps taken to model in-beam source variability over a $\sim20$ year baseline and the development of new point spread function/primary beam models to seamlessly merge eMERLIN and VLA data in the $uv$ plane. We present early science results, including measurements of the luminosities and/or linear sizes of $\sim500$ galaxes selected at 1.5 GHz. In combination with deep Hubble Space Telescope observations, we measure a mean radio-to-optical size ratio of $r_{\rm eMERGE}/r_{\rm HST}\sim1.02\pm0.03$, suggesting that in most high-redshift galaxies, the $\sim$GHz continuum emission traces the stellar light seen in optical imaging. This is the first in a series of papers which will explore the $\sim$kpc-scale radio properties of star-forming galaxies and AGN in the GOODS-N field observed by eMERGE DR1.
PR ] 6 A ug 2 01 5 On the Breiman conjecture

Let Y1, Y2, . be positive, nondegenerate, i.i. d. G random variables, and independently let X1, X2, . be i.i. d. F random variables. In this note we show that whenever ∑ XiYi/ ∑ Yi converges in distribution to nondegenerate limit for some F ∈ F , in a specified class of distributions F , then G necessarily belongs to the domain of attraction of a stable law with index less than 1. The class F contains those nondegenerate X with a finite second moment and those X in the domain of attraction of a stable law with index 1 < α < 2.
Energizing the energy sector through startups : Opportunities and barriers for startups in the changing energy market and effects of collaboration with incumbents

Why should technology-based startups in the energy sector collaborate? How do they collaborate today? What is the incumbents’ perspective on collaboration with startups? Today these are issues of high interest for the energy sector in Sweden and for other startups in similar industries. This thesis considers the changing dynamics within the Energy sector in Sweden, the potential of innovation through startups, the market potential and barriers that these actors within the industry are facing. It also considers how collaborations and networks serve to seize opportunities and to overcome challenges and barriers faced by the industry today. Opportunity areas identified were: the trends within the industry concerning decentralized generation, the founders’ dedication for their startups, startup’s ability to act fast and flexibly, their technology contribution, and incumbents differentiating themselves through startups in a highly competitive market. Entry barriers identified were a traditional and slow market, dominative national champions, financial, regulatory, lead times, lack of experience, high risk, lack of system context and credibility. Finally strategic networks and collaboration prove to be an essential part for startups to overcome their liabilities and barriers to entry.
Relationships between Wildfire Burn Severity, Cavity-Nesting Bird Assemblages, and Habitat in an Eastern Ponderosa Pine Forest

Abstract. Historically, eastern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests were described as sparse patches of old-growth trees maintained by frequent, low-severity fires; however, in recent decades, there have been a number of large mixed-severity wildfires throughout the range of these forests. Wildlife responses to severe fire disturbance in eastern ponderosa pine forests are not well understood. Our study investigates how cavity-nesting bird species in an eastern ponderosa pine forest are impacted by burn severity. The objectives of our study were to: (1) identify the community composition of cavity-nesting birds in a 27 y old burn of mixed severity, (2) assess how habitat variables important to cavity-nesting birds differ in the mixed-severity fire, and (3) determine what habitat variables best predict bird occurrence 27 y after mixed-severity fire. We surveyed 56 sites across four burn severity classes, ranging from unburned to severely burned forest, in the Pine Ridge region of Nebraska. We measured multiple habitat characteristics (tree and snag diameter at breast height (DBH), coarse woody debris (CWD), tree and snag density, shrub height, and shrub cover) in May–August 2016 and conducted bird count surveys between 25 May and 8 June 2016. Cavity-nesting bird species' occurrence varied among the burn severity variables. Burn severity class (unburned, low severity, moderate severity, high severity) was a significant predictor of habitat characteristics for cavity-nesting birds, including tree density, snag density, mean snag DBH, variance in DBH, and CWD, which also was the best indicator of cavity-nesting bird community composition. We report evidence that mixed-severity wildfires in eastern ponderosa pine forests create variation in habitat characteristics and cavity-nesting bird occurrence.