Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Event-Related fMRI of the Auditory Cortex

An event-related protocol was designed to permit auditory fMRI studies minimally affected by the echo-planar noise artifact; a long time interval (TR = 10 s) between each cerebral volume acquisition was combined with stroboscopic data acquisition, and event-related curves were reconstructed with a 1-s resolution. The cerebral hemodynamic-response time course to a target auditory stimulus was measured in five individual subjects using this method. Clear bell-shaped event-related responses were observed bilaterally in all individuals in primary auditory cortex (A1) as well as in laterally extending secondary cortical fields. Group-average event-related curves attained their maxima (0.5-0.7%) 3 s after stimulus onset in A1 (4 s for more anterior and lateral regions of auditory cortex), and signal had returned to near-baseline level 6 s after stimulus onset. The stroboscopic event-related method appeared effective in minimizing effects of the interaction between scanning noise and experimental auditory stimulation; it adds useful temporal information to the spatial resolution afforded by fMRI in studies of human auditory function, while allowing presentation of auditory stimuli on a silent background.
Schizophrenia Exhibits Bi-Directional Brain-Wide Alterations in Cortico-Striato-Cerebellar Circuits

Distributed neural dysconnectivity is considered a hallmark feature of schizophrenia, yet a tension exists between studies pinpointing focal disruptions versus those implicating brain-wide disturbances. The cerebellum and the striatum communicate reciprocally with the thalamus and cerebral cortex through monosynaptic and polysynaptic connections, forming cortico-striatal-thalamic-cerebellar (CSTC) functional pathways that may be sensitive to brain-wide dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. It remains unknown if the same brain-wide pattern of alterations persists across CSTC systems, or if specific alterations exist along key functional elements of these networks. We characterized whole-brain cerebellar and striatal connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 159 chronic schizophrenia patients and 162 matched controls, along each major cerebellar and striatal functional subdivision. Both cerebellar and striatal associative subdivisions revealed consistent brain-wide bi-directional alterations in patients relative to controls, marked by hyper-connectivity with bilateral sensory-motor cortices and hypo-connectivity with association cortex. These results implicate a consistent motif of brain-wide alterations in cortico-striato-cerebellar systems in schizophrenia, calling into question accounts of exclusively focal functional connectivity disturbances.
A Matter of Time: an Investigation into the Learning and Teaching of Time in the Middle Primary Years

17 CHAPTER 1. It’s About Time . 18 1.1 The Impetus for the Study . 18 1.2 The Research Problem . 19 1.2. 1 The importance of time . 19 1.2. 2 Limitations of existing research . 20 1.3 The Purpose of this Study and the Research Questions . 21 1.4 The Key Steps in Investigating the Research Questions . 22 1.5 The Structure of the Thesis . 22 1.6 Summary of Chapter 1 . 23 CHAPTER 2. A Review of the Literature . 24 2.
Tiansi Liquid Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Tryptophan–Kynurenine Metabolism in Rats with Hydrocortisone-Induced Depression

Tiansi Liquid is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat depression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of Tiansi Liquid in a rat model of hydrocortisone-induced depression using behavioral testing, 16S rRNA high-throughput pyrosequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics of the tryptophan (TRP)–kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Tiansi Liquid significantly improved the sucrose preference and exploratory behavior of the depressive rats. The richness of intestinal mucosa samples from the model (depressive) group tended to be higher than that from the control group, while the richness was higher in the Tiansi Liquid-treated group than in the model group. Tiansi Liquid increased the relative abundance of some microbiota (Ruminococcaceae, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group). Metabolomics showed that Tiansi Liquid reduced the levels of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, quinoline and the KYN/TRP ratio, while increasing kynurenic acid and 5-HT levels. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and quinoline content. Collectively, these findings suggest that Tiansi Liquid ameliorates depressive symptoms in rats by modulating the gut microbiota composition and metabolites in the TRP–KYN pathway.
The Initiatives Supported by Reward-Based Crowdfunding in Poland

Abstract Crowdfunding is a type of financing that is popular not only among entrepreneurs. There are examples of financing sport, culture, music or just someone’s dreams, and many good projects could not have been realized without crowdfunding. The analysis of the largest projects realized on one of the Poland’s oldest and biggest Polish crowdfunding platform – polakpotrafi.pl will be made in the article. It will be the background to formulate some conclusions about the initiatives supported by reward-based crowdfunding platforms. It can be hypothesized that crowdfunding in Poland is developing rapidly but the value and number of projects is still lower than in Western Europe countries and the USA. The research methods used in the article are primarily a statistical and comparative method and case study analysis. The data from the European Commission, the World Bank and crowdfunding platforms will be used.
Segmentação de Bacilos de Tuberculose em Imagens de Microscopia Convencional Usando Redes Neurais Convolucionais

Tuberculosis is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Although it can be treated, the disease must first be diagnosed and for this, manual inspection processes are commonly used. Such processes are usually time consuming and tiring. In this work, we propose a method to achieve microscopy image segmentation, in which a convolutional neural network does a pre-segmentation of the image and the Graphcut algorithm does the post-processeng in order to achieve finer results. The technique was evaluated over a dataset with 120 images obtained using conventional microcospy microscope in sputum smear sheets prepared according to the ZiehlNeelsen technique. In the experiments carried out we obtained an accuracy of 96.70% and sensitivity of 96.75%. These results show that the method proposed has the potential to handle the given problem. Keywords— Image Processing, Deep Learning, CNN, Optical Bacilloscopy, Ziehl-Neelsen, Conventional Microscopy, Tuberculosis Bacilli Resumo— A tuberculose é uma das dez maiores causas de morte no mundo. Embora ela possa ser tratada, a doença primeiro deve ser diagnosticada, e para isso é comum o uso de processos de inspeção manual, em geral demorados e cansativos. Assim, neste trabalho é proposta uma técnica de segmentação de imagens de microscopia, na qual uma rede neural convolucional realiza uma espécia de pré-segmentação da imagem e o algoritmo Graphcut realiza o pós-processamento em busca de um maior refinamento dos resultados. A técnica foi avaliada em uma base de dados composta por 120 imagens obtidas por meio de um microscópio de microscopia convencional em lâminas de esfregaço de escarro preparadas segundo a técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen. Nos experimentos realizados foi obtida uma acurácia na segmentação de 96,70% e uma sensibilidade de 96,75%. Estes resultados mostram que a abordagem proposta tem potencial para tratar a tarefa indicada. Palavras-chave— Processamento de imagens, Deep learning, CNN, Baciloscopia óptica, Ziehl-Neelsen, Microscopia convencional, Bacilos de tuberculose
The impact of 2 years of high‐intensity exercise training on a model of integrated cardiovascular regulation

Heart rate variability, a common and easily measured index of cardiovascular dynamics, is the output variable of complicated cardiovascular and respiratory control systems. Both neural and non‐neural control mechanisms may contribute to changes in heart rate variability. We previously developed an innovative method using transfer function analysis to assess the effect of prolonged exercise training on integrated cardiovascular regulation. In the present study, we modified and applied this to investigate the effect of 2 years of high‐intensity training on circulatory components to tease out the primary effects of training. Our method incorporated the dynamic Starling mechanism, dynamic arterial elastance and arterial–cardiac baroreflex function. The dynamic Starling mechanism gain and arterial–cardiac baroreflex gain were significantly increased in the exercise group. These parameters remained unchanged in the controls. Conversely, neither group experienced a change in dynamic arterial elastance. The integrated cardiovascular regulation gain in the exercise group was 1.34‐fold larger than that in the control group after the intervention. In these previously sedentary, otherwise healthy, middle‐aged adults, 2 years of high‐intensity exercise training improved integrated cardiovascular regulation by enhancing the dynamic Starling mechanism and arterial–cardiac baroreflex sensitivity.
POZİTİF ÖRGÜTSEL DAVRANIŞLAR ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR İNCELEME

21.yuzyilin dinamik calisma kosullari, isgucunun pozitif tutum ve davranislarinin orgutsel verimlilik elde edilmesinde ve rekabet ustunlugu saglanmasinda oldukca onemli oldugunu gostermektedir. Bu dogrultuda, arastirmacilar son yillarda pozitif psikolojiden dogan pozitif orgutsel davranis yaklasimina dikkat cekmektedir.Pozitif orgutsel davranislar orgutun amaclarina ve olumlu orgutsel ciktilar elde etmesine katki saglayan, olumlu davranislari ifade etmektedir.Bu calismanin amaci, gunumuz calisma yasaminda orgutler ve calisanlar acisindan onem tasidigi dusunulen pozitif orgutsel davranislarin teorik acidan incelenmesi ve bu davranislarin bireysel/orgutsel onemlerinin belirtilmesidir.Calismada, ulusal ve uluslararasi yazinda yaygin olarak pozitif orgutsel davranislar kapsaminda ele alinan ise adanma, proaktif davranislar, prososyal davranislar, orgutsel vatandaslik davranislari, orgutsel baglilik ve orgutsel ozdeslesme kavramlarina deginilmistir
Measuring the structure of dynamic visual signals

Correspondence: R. Peters, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia (email: richard@ galliform.psy.mq.edu.au). C. W. G. Clifford is at the School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. The evolutionary significance of perceptual processes is well documented (Endler 1991; Guilford & Dawkins 1991; Pagel 1993; Dawkins & Guilford 1996; Endler & Basolo 1998). Signals must be designed to stimulate the sense organs of intended receivers (e.g. social companions, opponents, or potential mates) and this effect must typically be achieved without attracting the attention of ‘eavesdroppers’ such as parasites and predators. Signals must also be memorable (Bernard & Remington 1991; Rowe & Guilford 1996; Speed 2000), so that nuances of structure are learned quickly amongst a welter of competing stimuli impinging upon the receiver. Analysis of structure is an essential prerequisite for any exploration of signal design. The long history of successful work on acoustic communication can be traced to the development of the sound spectrograph in the 1950s (for a review see Hopp et al. 1998). Similarly, rapid advances have been made in recent years since spectral analysis (Endler 1990) has been applied in studies of static visual signals, such as ornaments and colour patterns. In contrast, much less is known about signals that are defined by movement, such as courtship and aggressive displays. Such dynamic visual signals are ubiquitous: they are used in contexts as diverse as opponent assessment (Ord et al. 2001), female mate choice (where they may act synergistically with morphology; Rosenthal et al. 1996), pursuit deterrence (e.g. Hasson 1991; Caro 1995), alarm signalling (Hennessy et al. 1981) and even camouflage (e.g. Fleishman 1985). Motion is also an important component of many multimodal signals (Partan & Marler 1999), often in combination with sound (Evans & Marler 1994). The design of these motor patterns is a classic problem in evolutionary biology (Darwin 1871) and
Geração de Rastros de Mobilidade para Experimentos em Redes Veiculares

Information and Communication Technologies can improve the traffic in big cities. The deployment of vehicular networks, in which cars can communicate to each other and with the road infrastructure, is an area that is receiving a lot of attention in the last years. However, make tests and experiments in real environments are yet a challenge. This paper presents the development of a mobility trace to the city of São Paulo using InterSCSimulator, a large-scale, open-source Smart City simulator. The trace covers an area of 25 km and simulates more than 4 million travels (cars and buses) during a day in the city. The generated trace was tested as input in the NS-3 network simulator.
Hard to Boil Massecuite

Evaporators are used to remove most of the water from sugar cane juice leaving a syrup which is fed into the pan boiler. Seed crystals are then added to the syrup and the mixture (referred to as massecuite) is further heated to remove moisture so that sugar crystals grow. The pan boiling process normally works smoothly. However in the South African harvesting season (the wet season) the syrup does not appear to boil and crystallisation is significantly slowed. The problem is thought to be due to the presence of impurities (specifically polysaccharides) which change the rheological properties of the massecuite. A range of models were produced to examine the effects of changes in massecuite properties on the operation on the boiler and the boiling process itself. The results suggest that the primary cause of hard to boil massecuite is bubble suppression although other mechanisms may also be involved. ∗Mathematics Department, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia, email: neville.fowkes@uwa.edu. au †Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Barcelona, Spain, email: hennessy.matt@gmail.com ‡MACSI, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland, email: iain.moyles@ul.ie §OCIAM, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, email: stuart.thomson@st-annes.ox. ac.uk ¶School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, e-mail adewummi.fareo@wits.ac.za ‖School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, email: 708298@students.wits.ac.za Sugar Milling Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, email: rloubser@smri.org
Cerrahi Endarterektomi Plaklarının Elemental Yapısı

BULGULAR: Hastalardan sadece iki tanesi kadındı. Ortalama yaş 71.9±7.2 yıl olarak bulundu. Hastaların %47.4'ünde diyabet ve %52.6'sında hipertansiyon saptandı. Sadece 1 hasta hiç sigara içmemişti. Plaklarda sodyum (Na), magnezyum (Mg), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), fosfor (P), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), bor (B), manganez (Mn), çinko (Zn), alüminyum (Al), sülfür (S), krom (Cr), nikel (Ni), platin (Pt), antimon (Sb), selenyum (Se) elementleri farklı konsantrasyonda saptandı fakat arsenik (As), bizmut (Bi), kadmiyum (Cd), kobalt (Co), molibden (Mo), kurşun (Pb) seviyeleri ICP-OES sisteminin belirleme limitinin altında saptandı. Hastalarda varyasyon olmakla birlikte en yoğun olarak Ca ve P saptandı.
Aplicação da holografia computacional para o cálculo de elementos ópticos difrativos

The Computer Holography is a well known technique that enables one to realize a wide range of Diffractive Optical Elements. Diffractive Optical Elements are optical waveshaping devices designed with base on the diffraction properties of their microstructured interfaces (or refractive-index gradients). They have potential low fabrication cost, considering their very large scale integration and replication technologies used in the fabrication of microelectronics circuits. In this work, the Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm was applied for the calculation of binary computer generated Fourier holograrns for laser beam shaping. The purpose was to simulate the elements proprieties considering some desired light distributions and to generate the fabrication masks Iayout of these holograms. One of the implementations, performed to improve the results during the iterations, was the calculation of a amplitude correction in the reconstruction window that considers the amplitude error from the previous reconstruction. The possibility to visualize the binary holograms reconstructions is also demonstred, where the human eye is treated as a Fourier tens. A hybrid binary and contínuos profile diffractive optical device capable of splitting a monochromatic laser beam into an arbitrary number of tines over wide angle is also presented. Continuous phase and four phase leveis Fourier holograms are implemented using the lterative Fourier Transform Algorithm. Fresnel phase holograms calculations are performed by combining the Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm with the free space light propagation.
Detection of Fungi from Low-Biomass Spacecraft Assembly Clean Room Aerosols.

Highly sensitive and rapid detection of airborne fungi in space stations is essential to ensure disease prevention and equipment safety. In this study, quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) was used to detect fungi in the aerosol of the low-biomass environment of China's space station assembly clean room (CSSAC). A qLAMP primer set for detecting a wide range of aerosol fungi was developed by aligning 34 sequences of isolated fungal species and 17 space station aerosol-related fungal species. Optimization of sample pretreatment conditions of the LAMP reaction increased the quantitative results by 1.29-1.96 times. The results showed that our qLAMP system had high amplification specificity for fungi, with a quantifiable detection limit as low as 102. The detected fungal biomass in the aerosol of CSSAC was 9.59 × 102-2.20 × 105 28S rRNA gene copy numbers/m3. This qLAMP assay may therefore replace traditional colony-forming unit and quantitative PCR methods as an effective strategy for detecting fungi in space stations.
Recommendations for the Management of Neuro-Behçet's Disease by the Japanese National Research Committee for Behçet's Disease

Objective Brain parenchymal involvement in Behçet's disease (BD) (neuro-Behçet's disease, NB) can be classified into acute type (ANB) and chronic progressive type (CPNB) based on differences in the clinical course and responses to corticosteroid treatment. The present study developed evidence-based recommendations for the management of NB. Methods The task force of the research subcommittee consisted of seven board-certified rheumatologists (one was also a board-certified neurologist) and three board-certified neurologists. First, several clinical questions (CQs) were established. A systematic literature search was performed by The Japan Medical Library Association in order to develop recommendations. The final recommendations for each CQ developed from three blind Delphi rounds, for which the rate of agreement scores [range 1(strongly disagree)-5(strongly agree)] was determined through voting by the task force. Results A flow chart of the algorithm was established for the management of ANB and CPNB. Thirteen recommendations were developed for NB (general 1, ANB 7, CPNB 5). The strength of each recommendation was established based on the evidence level as well as the rate of agreement. Conclusion The recommendations generated in this study are based on the results of uncontrolled evidence from open trials, retrospective cohort studies and expert opinions, due to the lack of randomized clinical trials. Nevertheless, these recommendations can be used for international studies, although verification by further properly designed controlled clinical trials is required.
Effekter av mer enn tre måneders organisert oppfølging på fysisk aktivitet og kosthold hos personer med økt risiko for livsstilsrelatert sykdom

helsen. Denne oppsummeringen skal besvare spørsmål om effekter av organisert oppfølging for å fremme endring av fysisk aktivitet og kosthold. Vi søkte etter studier av tiltak som ligner de som gis i frisklivssentraler og som har en varighet på mer enn tre måneder. Vi inkluderte 38 studier basert på søk avsluttet i mars 2013. På bakgrunn av vår oppsummering av resultatene og vurdering av kvaliteten på kunnskapsgrunnlaget kan vi trekke følgende slutninger:
Avaliação de Acurácia de Redes Neurais Convolucionais na Detecção de Veículos e Pedestres no Trânsito Brasileiro

Um dos pontos mais criticos no contexto de veiculos autonomos e a capacidade de identificar corretamente os obstaculos, sejam veiculos, pedestres, ciclistas ou outros. Com o advento do Deep Learning e das Redes Neurais Convolucionais, solucoes de deteccao utilizando apenas câmeras convencionais tem se mostrado economicamente viaveis e eficientes. Alem disso, existem datasets especificos para veiculos autonomos, com milhares de imagens disponiveis para treinamento e validacao. Entretanto, estes datasets geralmente sao produzidos nos EUA, Alemanha ou outros paises que nao retratam, necessariamente, cenarios de trânsito de paises emergentes, como o Brasil. Este trabalho realiza uma avaliacao dos resultados de acuracia na deteccao de veiculos e pedestres de algoritmos estado da arte, comparando os resultados utilizando o dataset KITTI com um novo dataset da cidade de Belo Horizonte, proposto neste trabalho. As redes se comportaram de maneira inferior quando submetidas as imagens de Belo Horizonte, chegando a ter uma acuracia 12.91% menor em veiculos e 20.12% menor para pedestres, se comparados com a acuracia na base de testes KITTI. Essa variacao indica que diferencas regionais podem ter impactos significativos em quao bem o algoritmo ira detectar os obstaculos.
Language Maintenance of Banjarese among Students of the State Polytechnic of Tanah Laut

Banjarese is a traditional language that has special characteristics for the speaker and has becomes a symbol of the identity of indigenous people of South Kalimantan, especially those that develop from generation to generation as their local languages. Therefore they keep the identity of Banjarese. The phenomena of other local languages development in the State Polytechnic of Tanah Laut is the background of this research. The development would have an impact on the interaction between other students (using other language) and local students (using Banjarese) in the State Polytechnic of Tanah Laut. The problem in this study is concerned with factors influencing the preservation of Banjarese among students of the State Polytechnic of Tanah Laut. The presentation of the data described in qualitative descriptive method and this study conducted through field survey with interviews and observations. The findings revealed that the preservation of Banjarese was still very good (maintained by students), the possibility of a language shift was still relatively small. Other factors are the language status of Banjarese as the mother tongue as well as the identity of Banjar ethnic, the pride of the culture, the activity in college, the numbers of Banjarese user, and solidarity among students. This is because the students of the State Polytechnic of Tanah Laut consistently used Banjarese according to the situation and condition.