Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Moderate Water Stress Can Affect Water Use Efficiency Indices in Potato

Since water is increasingly becoming an expensive and limited resource, it is necessary to improve crop water use efficiency (WUE) to save water while maintaining high yields. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of moderate water stress compared to well-watered conditions (supplying 50 or 100% of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETm)) on dry aboveground biomass yield (AB-Y), dry whole biomass yield (WB), tuber yield, irrigation WUE, and WUE at early harvest (E-TY, E-IWUE, E-YWUE), and at final harvest (F-TY, F-IWUE, F-YWUE), on WUE for dry aboveground biomass (AB-WUE) and for dry whole biomass (WB-WUE), on sink/source ratio and dry matter content of tubers in two potato cultivars—Sieglinde and Spunta, in two planting dates (early and late). Moderate water stress, compared to well-watered conditions, resulted in a small decrease in E-TY (−14%) and F-TY (−11%), but a high increase in E-IWUE (+69%) and F-IWUE (+78%), making savings in irrigation water of roughly 380 or 600 m3 per crop cycle in relation to early or final harvest. Moderate water stress improved in Sieglinde IWUE, YWUE, and WB-WUE at final harvest, whereas Spunta appeared more appropriate for early harvest. In the late planting date, the crop used water better compared to the early planting, resulting in a greater increase in IWUE (+77 vs. +66%) and an, albeit, slight increase in the WUE. It would, therefore, be convenient to apply the moderate water stress in the late planting, saving a further 100 m3 of irrigation water. The highest yield, IWUE, and YWUE were reached when moderate water stress was applied in both planting dates on cv. Spunta for early harvest and on cv. Sieglinde for final harvest. It was possible to increase WUE indices and save water, not only by water management, but also by choosing opportune planting dates and cultivars.
Barriers to Women's Pap Smear Testing and Related Risk Factors in Turkey

Objective: This study aimed to identify the barriers to women's Pap smear testing and related risk factors. Methods: In this descriptive and cross ‐ sectional study, 294 women were included by stratified random sampling. The General Information Questionnaire, The Self-Efficacy Scale, The Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer, and the Pap Smear Test were used. Results: About half of the women (47.6%) had a Pap smear test in their lifetime.Residing in a village/non-provincial district (OR = 0.412), not having a Pap smear test because family members/friends did not have one (OR = 7.752), having high Barriers subscale scores (OR = 1.053), and having lower self-efficacy levels (OR = 0.951) were found to be risk factors for having a Pap smear test.In addition, not knowing the symptoms of cervical cancer, believing that the cervical cancer is a non-treatable condition, expecting to experience vaginal infection,not being able to get permission from her husband, and considering the test as embarrassing were found among the barriers ( p < 0.005). Conclusions: A well designed health education program focusing on cervical cancer and the benefits of screening would increase awareness, especially among women with a high educational attainment status.Public health nurses should provide health educations considering the local cultural environment. To improve access to health services, mobile health services need to be developed, and in hospitals, routine Pap smear test health educations should be conducted and guidance should be provided.
The convergence of electricity and digitalization in the Netherlands

the Netherlands. Based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework, we first show how the Paris Agreement on global warming in 2015 has led to a new renewable energy policy paradigm, in which digitalization plays a key enabling role. We will then show that the far-reaching convergence of electricity and digitalization pursued by European and Dutch policy makers will raise new policy issues. The core challenge is adequate energy data governance. Digitalization also raises policy issues in the areas of safety, consumer protection, democratic control, and equal distribution of costs and benefits in a digitized energy system. As the transition to a sustainable energy system must take place rapidly and energy data are expected to play a crucial role in achieving this, these issues are urgent.
A Practical Evaluation of ML Algorithms for a Tag-Based BLE Indoor Positioning System

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms employed in a commercial Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Indoor Positioning (IP) solution relying on practical measurements in a commercial office space setting. The BLE IP system utilizing tags presents an ideal economic approach for large facilities with a limited number of tracking elements (gateways). In this investigation, data collection campaigns were conducted in an indoor facility fitted with BLE gateways to aggregate Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) fingerprints. Performance of a collection of well-known ML algorithms in terms of accuracy of positioning of the desired objects, in addition to training complexity and online tracking speed were evaluated. ML algorithms of increased accuracy and efficiency were identified and tabulated in both of the offline and online phases. It is also envisaged that as part of this practical study, the results will serve to identify proper economical topologies and configuration in real-life installations for tag-based BLE IP systems.
Effect of multiple deep cryo-treating and tempering on microstructure and property evolution of high carbon bearing steel

Interest has been shown in cryogenic treatments over the last seven decades mainly due to the transformation of retained austenite and the precipitation of fine carbides. By changing the microstructure, cryogenic treatments can improve wear resistance and hardness to some extent. In this work, the effect of multiple deep cryo-treating and tempering (DCTT) on microstructural evolution in 52100 bearing steel has been investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Rockwell hardness tests were also conducted to verify the microstructure evolution. Moreover, the dilatometry was used to estimate the dimensional stability. The results demonstrated that DCTT not only contributes to the precipitation of nano-size carbides, but also leads to a more homogeneous size distribution. It was also proved that the variation of carbides and hardness could be attributed to the synergy of decrease of retained austenite and movement of carbon atoms brought in DCTT. Furthermore, the sample subjected to DCTT exhibits the highest wear resistance property.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features

Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung diseases is associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations and reduced exercise capacity. Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) is a recently described interstitial lung disease. The characteristics of pulmonary hypertension in IPAF patients are unknown. We sought to characterize patients with IPAF based on their echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension and compare patients with and without pulmonary hypertension identified by right heart catheterization. We conducted a retrospective study of patients seen in the interstitial lung disease clinic from 2015 to 2018. Forty-seven patients with IPAF were identified. Patients were classified into low, intermediate and high echocardiographic pulmonary hypertension probabilities. A sub-group analysis of patients with pulmonary hypertension and without pulmonary hypertension (IPAF-PH vs. IPAF-no PH) identified by right heart catheterization was also performed. Linear regression analysis was performed to study the association between 6-min-walk-distance (6MWD) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) while adjusting for age and body mass index. Right ventricular hypertrophy (>5 mm), right ventricular enlargement (>41 mm) and right ventricular systolic dysfunction defined as fractional area change% ≤35 was present in 76%, 24%, and 39% of patients, respectively. Pulmonary hypertension was identified in 12.7% of patients. IPAF-PH patients had higher mean pulmonary artery pressure and lower cardiac output compared to the IPAF-no PH group (34 mmHg vs. 19 mmHg, p = 0.002 and 4.0 vs. 5.7 L/min, p = 0.023, respectively). Lower 6MWD was associated with higher PVR on regression analysis (p = 0.002). Pulmonologists should be aware that a significant number of IPAF patients may develop pulmonary hypertension. Reduced 6MWD may suggest the presence of pulmonary hypertension in IPAF patients.
Impact of Islam-Based Caring Intervention on Spiritual Well-Being in Muslim Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

This research emphasizes the nurse’s role in incorporating Islamic teaching through the care practices provided in order to promote spiritual well-being in Muslim women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. In addition, religion and spirituality have been recognized as the primary resources for coping. The aim of the study, therefore, was to explore the impact of an Islam-based caring intervention on the spiritual well-being of Muslim women with cancer. Furthermore, data were collected using a questionnaire and, also, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp) on baseline (Time 1), days 3 (Time 2), 23 (Time 3), and 44 (Time 4). The results showed the significant impact of an Islam-based caring intervention on the participants’ level of spiritual well-being. In addition, the mean scores varied between the intervention and control group over time. Based on the reflection, participants stipulated feeling peace of mind, closer to God, spirit for further life, and healthier.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Versus Calcium Hydroxide in Direct Pulp Capping: A Review of Literature

Direct pulp-capping is a treatment for exposed vital pulp involving the placement of a dental material over the exposed area. This facilitates both the formation of protective barrier and the maintenance of vital pulp. Direct pulp capping (DPC) has been used as an alternative approach to the maintenance of vital pulp. So, many tooth extractions and root canal treatments could have been avoided through the conservative approach of direct pulp capping. For this purpose, different kinds of materials used such as Zinc Oxide Eugenol, Glass Ionomer (GI), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI), Adhesive systems, Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Bio dentine. MTA performed more effective than conventional Calcium Hydroxide clinically as a direct pulp capping material. MTA showed higher success rate than dycal. MTA is easier to use clinically as a direct pulp capping material. MTA also provided better long-term results and more effective than Calcium Hydroxide in maintaining long-term vitality. MAT is significantly less toxic, less pulpal inflammations. Furthermore, MTA is more predictable than dycal in formation of dentin barrier and superior than Calcium Hydroxide in dentinogenetic process in human pulp. MTA is more effective and superior comparing the Calcium Hydroxide as a direct pulp capping material, demonstrating higher success rate with favorable outcomes in maintaining long term tooth vitality and easier to use in pulp capping. Finally, MTA is more cost-effective than CH for DPC despite higher initial treatment costs because expensive retreatments were avoided.
Replanting agricultural landscapes: how well do plants survive after habitat restoration?

Landscape‐scale habitat restoration has the potential to return ecosystem functions and services and mitigate the loss of native flora and fauna. However, restoration projects rarely monitor the effectiveness of restoration efforts, such as quantifying the establishment success (survival) of the planted species. We monitored a landscape‐scale revegetation program in south‐eastern Australia that planted 5 million plants representing 35 native species over a 4‐year period (2012–2015). We assessed the restoration effectiveness across years to evaluate how different lifeforms survived over time and the factors that influenced the differential survival of lifeforms and individual plant species 3 months (spring) and 9 months (after summer) post‐planting. Establishment success varied across years with survival lowest in the 2015 planting season. Survival of different lifeforms after summer were associated with site‐level variables (e.g. mean maximum temperature, rainfall, and soil type) with survival generally declining due to high temperatures, low rainfall, and for species planted on sandy or saline soils. Maximum temperature, rainfall, and soil type were the most important predictors of compositional change in the 20 species commonly planted across years, with two saltbush species (Atriplex paludosa) and one eucalypt species (Eucalyptus fasciculosa) having the highest survival, while one sedge species (Juncus kraussii) and two grass species (Poa poiformis and Puccinellia stricta) had among the lowest observed survival. These results highlight the importance of monitoring establishment success through survival to detect changes in the composition of lifeforms and species to guide future re‐plantings aimed at returning the desired plant diversity.
MagB: Repurposing the Magnetometer for Fine-Grained Localization of IoT Devices

Interest in fine-grained indoor localization remains high and various approaches including those based on Radio Frequency (RF), ultrasound, acoustic, magnetic field and light have been proposed. However, while the achieved accuracy may be high, many of these approaches do not work well in environments with lots of obstructions. In this paper, we present MagB, a decimeter-level localization scheme that uses the magnetometer available on many IoT devices. MagB estimates the bearing of magnetic beacons by detecting changes in the magnetic field strength. Localization is then performed based on Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) information. We have built a prototype of MagB using low cost, off-the-shelf components. Our evaluation shows that MagB is able to achieve a median accuracy of about 13cm and can localize devices even when they are placed in steel filing cabinet or inside the casing of a running PC.
P2X7 Receptor Activation–Induced Contraction and Lysis in Human Saphenous Vein Smooth Muscle

Abstract—In cutaneous veins where purinergic neurotransmission is more prominent compared with in deep vessels, physiological and pathological roles of nerve-released ATP have been described. Neuronally released ATP has been reported to act through activation of unidentified ionotropic P2X receptor(s). This study analyzed P2X receptor subtypes expressed in human saphenous vein smooth muscle and their physiological functions. Transcripts for both hP2X1 receptors, already identified in other smooth muscles, and, surprisingly, hP2X7 receptors known to be responsible for the cytotoxic effect of ATP in macrophages were detected by Northern blot analysis in total RNA from saphenous vein smooth muscle. ATP and other P2X receptor agonists [αβ-methylene-ATP, 2-methylthio-ATP, and 2′,3′-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP] dose-dependently contracted venous rings, but the contraction induced by 2-methylthio-ATP was more transient than that evoked by the other P2X agonists. The effect of hP2X1 agonists involved the activation of.
An Overview of Reinforcement Learning Methods for Variable Speed Limit Control

Variable Speed Limit (VSL) control systems are widely studied as solutions for improving safety and throughput on urban motorways. Machine learning techniques, specifically Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, are a promising alternative for setting up VSL since they can learn and react to different traffic situations without knowing the explicit model of the motorway dynamics. However, the efficiency of combined RL-VSL is highly related to the class of the used RL algorithm, and description of the managed motorway section in which the RL-VSL agent sets the appropriate speed limits. Currently, there is no existing overview of RL algorithm applications in the domain of VSL. Therefore, a comprehensive survey on the state of the art of RL-VSL is presented. Best practices are summarized, and new viewpoints and future research directions, including an overview of current open research questions are presented.
CODE CLONE DETECTION USING OBJECT ORIENTED METRICS

A BSTRACT . Code clone detection is the most important aspect for removal of repetitive code. Current software is based on larger codes, large source code takes more processing time and bigger memory to store. There require some automated tool that can identify different types of clones in the codes and mark the code, which has a clone. The programmer can remove the clones by making the general functions. These functions can be called repetitive. In the proposed object oriented metrics based technique for clone detection, different types of clones are detected. The proposed technique has been implemented using Java-based tool. It is a generalized tool, it can convert the code into sequence of the processing steps to identify the types of clones. The proposed technique detects all types of clones T-1, T-2, T-3 and T-4. The proposed approach achieves high accuracy 100%, 90%, 100%, 75%, respectively.
Effects of cochlear synaptopathy on spontaneous and sound-evoked activity in the mouse inferior colliculus

Tinnitus and hyperacusis are life-disrupting perceptual abnormalities that are often preceded by acoustic overexposure. Animal models of overexposure have suggested a link between these phenomena and neural hyperactivity, i.e. elevated spontaneous rates (SRs) and sound-evoked responses. Prior work has focused on changes in central auditory responses, with less attention paid to the exact nature of the associated peripheral damage. The demonstration that acoustic overexposure can cause cochlear nerve damage without permanent threshold elevation suggests this type of peripheral damage may be a key elicitor of tinnitus and hyperacusis in humans with normal audiograms. We addressed this idea by recording responses in the mouse inferior colliculus (IC) following a bilateral, neuropathic noise exposure. Two wks post-exposure, mean SRs were unchanged in mice recorded while awake, or under anesthesia. SRs were also unaffected by more intense, or unilateral exposures. These results suggest that neither neuropathy nor hair cell loss are sufficient to raise SRs in the IC, at least in mice. However, it’s not clear whether our mice had tinnitus. Tone-evoked rate-level functions at the CF were steeper following exposure, specifically in the region of maximal neuropathy. Furthermore, suppression driven by off-CF tones and by ipsilateral noise were also reduced. Both changes were especially pronounced in neurons of awake mice. These findings align with prior reports of elevated acoustic startle in neuropathic mice, and indicate that neuropathy may initiate a compensatory response in the central auditory system leading to the genesis of hyperacusis.
Recovery of Functional Diversity Following Shifting Cultivation in Tropical Monsoon Forests

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is an important issue in ecology. Plant functional traits and their diversity are key determinants of ecosystem function in changing environments. Understanding the successional dynamics of functional features in forest ecosystems is a first step to their sustainable management. In this study, we tested the changes in functional community composition with succession in tropical monsoon forests in Xishuangbanna, China. We sampled 33 plots at three successional stages—~40-year-old secondary forests, ~60-year-old secondary forests, and old growth forests—following the abandonment of the shifting cultivation land. Community-level functional traits were calculated based on measurements of nine functional traits for 135 woody plant species. The results show that the community structures and species composition of the old-growth forests were significantly different to those of the secondary stands. The species diversity, including species richness (S), the Shannon–Weaver index (H), and Pielou’s evenness (J), significantly increased during the recovery process after shifting cultivation. The seven studied leaf functional traits (deciduousness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, leaf potassium content and leaf carbon content) changed from conservative to acquisitive syndromes during the recovery process, whereas wood density showed the opposite pattern, and seed mass showed no significant change, suggesting that leaf traits are more sensitive to environmental changes than wood or seed traits. The functional richness increased during the recovery process, whereas the functional evenness and divergence had the highest values in the 60-year-old secondary communities. Soil nutrients significantly influenced functional traits, but their effects on functional diversity were less obvious during the secondary succession after shifting cultivation. Our study indicates that the recovery of tropical monsoon forests is rather slow; secondary stands recover far less than the old growth stands in terms of community structure and species and functional diversity, even after about half a century of recovery, highlighting the importance of the conservation of old growth tropical monsoon forest ecosystems.
Moral emotions when reading quotidian circumstances in contexts of violence: an fMRI study

The increase of violence in Mexico and consequent suffering during the last decades is evident, but its effects over feelings and moral judgments remain uncertain. We used journalistic news showing real-life situations to investigate the effects of facing violence over the experience of four moral emotions which represent powerful impulses for social actions in situations of suffering linked to violence: Negative Compassion, Positive Compassion, Schadenfreude, and Indignation. We evaluate brain activation by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during three cognitive conditions: reading, introspection, and resting. When reading the news, only Indignation-evoking stimuli elicited salient brain activations in the posterior cerebellum, and temporal and parietal cortical regions, whose functions are related to anger experiences and processing of socially relevant circumstances. When introspecting the emotional experience, cerebellar, frontal, parietal, and occipital activations related to self-focused experiences were observed for all emotions. When resting after facing the stimuli, only the Negative Compassion emotion elicited brain activations in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus related to emotional self-reference processing; thus, negative compassion may produce more perdurable cognitive-affective effects related to sadness while perceiving suffering in others. Our results may suggest different emotional-based social decisions to face suffering and violence and to motivate pro-social actions in the collectivistic Mexican culture.