Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rural Community Hospital Care NSTEMI/UA: Implications for Triage and

author/principle investigator. Patients with STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction) ACS were excluded from the review, utilizing the standard electrocardiographic criteria for STEMI. Vital signs were defined on entry to the emergency room. Since cholesterol is an acute phase reactant, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were defined by the last value in the record prior to admission with calculated ratios of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol. Other lab values determined at the time of admission include serial troponins, glucose, and creatinine. The original risk measures of TIMI and NCEP ATP III have three and five levels respectively. For statistical purposes the categorical covariants table for readmission and death combined Low and Intermediate categories to define a new TIMI variable, and also combined NCEP ATP III categories with a new model for NCEP ATP III. Since the key outcome variables are categorical, we used binary logistic regression models to assess the association between the outcome variable and other risk covariates. These measures of association reported in the result section are odds ratio and the cstatistic. We also choose the p-value calculated from the Wald chisquared test statistic to justify the significance of variables in the logistic regression models. Both parametric and non-parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures were used to assess the association between some categorical variables and continuous variables. Two p-values (based on parametric normal test and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) are reported. The linear regression model was used to identify the potential significant association between TC/HDL ratio and other variables. All analyses were carried out using SAS® 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc).
Prevalence of hamstring tightness among university students in Lahore, Pakistan

Objective: To find the prevalence of hamstring tightness among university students in Lahore. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 300 university students in Lahore, ages between 17-25 years of both genders. The duration of the study was 3 months from June to August 2017. Both standardized, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and self-administered questionnaires, work duration, involved in sports activities or not and so on were used and convenience sampling was used for the data collection from three different universities of Lahore. Active knee extension test (AKET) and passive straight leg raising tests (PSLR) were performed to identify the hamstring tightness. Chi-square test was used for association between back of thigh pain and gender. Results: Out of 300 students, 120(40%) suffered from pain while 180 students (60%) did not have any pain. The ratio of hamstring tightness in male was 23.33% whereas in female 16.6%. The association between back of thigh pain and gender was 0.775. Conclusion: The prevalence of hamstring tightness was commonly present in university students. Hamstring tightness can reduce the performance among students.
Aerodynamic assessment of airfoils for use in small wind turbines

A successful blade design must satisfy some criterions which might be in conflict with maximizing annual energy yield for a specified wind speed distribution. These criterions include maximizing power output, more resistance to fatigue loads, reduction of tip deflection, avoid resonance and minimize weight and cost. These criterions can be satisfied by modifying the geometrical parameters of the blade. This study is dedicated to the aerodynamic assessment of a 20 kW horizontal axis wind turbine operating with two possible airfoils; that is Göttingen 413 and NACA 2415 airfoils (the Gottingen airfoil never been used in wind turbines). For this study parameters such as chord (constant, tapered and elliptic), twist angle (constant and linear) are varied and applied to the two airfoils independently in order to determine the most adequate blade configuration that produce the highest annual energy output. A home built numerical code based on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method with both Prandtl tip loss correction and Glauert correction, X-Foil and Weibull distribution is developed in Matlab and validated against available numerical and experimental data. The results of the assessment showed that the NACA 2415 airfoil section with elliptic chord and constant twist angle distributions produced the highest annual energy production.
Removing mains power artefacts from EEG – a novel template-based method

EEG signals are often contaminated with artefacts, particularly with mains power from electrical equipment. Low-pass filtering and notch filtering can lose valuable data. Here we describe a novel mains power noise removal method based on the fact that mains power noise is a sine wave component with an essentially fixed frequency and the same phase across all channels. This removes the blink component, leaving uncontaminated EEG largely unchanged. Blink removal had a success rate of >99.9% recovered variance of the original EEG when removing synthesised mains power components. We compared this method with two other popular mains power noise removal methods. Our method was better than Cleanline which is an ICA based method and multiple PLI which is an adaptive notch filter based method. With the higher recovery, our method shows clear advantages over Cleanline and multiple PLI for removing mains power noise. From the aspect of data loss, it is obviously better than low-pass filter and normal notch filter.
Labour and beyond: The roles of synthetic and endogenous oxytocin in transition to motherhood

During spontaneous labour, endogenous oxytocin is released from the pituitary gland and initiates uterine contractions. In some women, it is necessary to induce or augment labour contractions. Induction or augmentation of labour using synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon) is one of the most common interventions to facilitate the progress of labour and birth. Both Syntocinon and endogenous oxytocin affect the body through oxytocin receptors. Although the use of Syntocinon is regarded as a relatively safe intervention during labour, it works in a different way from endogenous oxytocin and has different effects on the mother and child. Syntocinon may negatively affect birth outcomes for mother and baby, interfere with the success of lactation and breastfeeding, impair the mother-child attachment and may affect the child's development. We review the effect of endogenous oxytocin and Syntocinon on the health and wellbeing of women during labour and after birth, discuss the benefits of endogenous oxytocin and highlig.
Model-Augmented Actor-Critic: Backpropagating through Paths

Current model-based reinforcement learning approaches use the model simply as a learned black-box simulator to augment the data for policy optimization or value function learning. In this paper, we show how to make more effective use of the model by exploiting its differentiability. We construct a policy optimization algorithm that uses the pathwise derivative of the learned model and policy across future timesteps. Instabilities of learning across many timesteps are prevented by using a terminal value function, learning the policy in an actor-critic fashion. Furthermore, we present a derivation on the monotonic improvement of our objective in terms of the gradient error in the model and value function. We show that our approach (i) is consistently more sample efficient than existing state-of-the-art model-based algorithms, (ii) matches the asymptotic performance of model-free algorithms, and (iii) scales to long horizons, a regime where typically past model-based approaches have struggled.
Interference Avoidance Using TDMA-Beamforming in Location Aware Small Cell Systems

It is ascertained that the current communication systems will not be able to support the future network demands due to the increasing traffic, limitation of frequency resources, and high level of interference. Recently, beamforming techniques have been introduced to reduce the interference by redirecting the transmission towards the desired users only. While such beamforming enables better interference mitigation and improved network performance, the concerns on its effectiveness in dense deployment environments are arising. In this paper, the prospect of interference avoidance in location aware small cell environments using time division multiple access (TDMA) and beamforming is studied. The interference is reduced by identifying the aggressor small cell and transmit the beams towards the desired users at different times. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to enhance the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) by approximately 18 dB, enhance the user throughput by about 10 Mbps in comparison to small cell on/off control scheme with a discovery signal (SCon/off-DS), and improve the fairness index to about 95% in comparison to the baseline scheme. It is believed that the presented results promote the proposed scheme as an efficient interference management paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) communication systems.
Differential tissue stiffness of body column facilitates locomotion of Hydra on solid substrates

The bell-shaped members of Cnidaria typically move around by swimming, whereas the Hydra polyp can perform locomotion on solid substrates in aquatic environment. To address the biomechanics of locomotion on rigid substrates, we studied the ‘somersaulting’ locomotion in Hydra. We applied atomic force microscopy to measure the local mechanical properties of Hydra’s body column and identified the existence of differential Young’s modulus between the shoulder region versus rest of the body column at 3:1 ratio. We show that somersault primarily depends on differential tissue stiffness of the body column and is explained by computational models that accurately recapitulate the mechanics involved in this process. We demonstrate that perturbation of the observed stiffness variation in the body column by modulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) polymerization impairs the ‘somersault’ movement. These results provide mechanistic basis for the evolutionary significance of differential extracellular matrix properties and tissue stiffness.
Safety of vitamin D2 mushroom powder as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on vitamin D2 mushroom powder as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is an ingredient produced from Agaricus bisporus mushrooms that have been exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light to induce the conversion of provitamin D2 (ergosterol) to vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). The NF contains concentrations of vitamin D provided by vitamin D2 in the ranges of 1,000–1,300 lg/g. The information provided on the manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to add the NF in a variety of foods and beverages, including food for special medical purposes and food supplements. The target population is the general population except for food supplements, for which the target population is individuals above seven months of age. The Panel concludes that the NF, used as an ingredient, is safe for the general population at the proposed condition of use in foods and beverages and that the NF used as a food supplement, is safe for individuals above 1 year. The Panel, however, notes that the UL for infants aged 0–6 months may be exceeded in high consumers of infant formula (IF) and/or follow-on formula (FoF) that may also be high consumers of foods fortified with the NF and for infants aged 7–12 months consuming a daily vitamin D oral supplementation of 10 lg. However, the Panel considers this scenario unlikely as complementary feeding in high consumers of IF and/or FoF may be limited. Furthermore, the combined consumption of vitamin D via fortified foods and supplements does not specifically concern this NF application. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use for the proposed target populations. © 2020 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
Medio-lateral inclination of proximal and distal articular surface of the radius

Background: The radius, also known as the radial bone, is the shorter of the two bones of the forearm. It has proximal and distal articulations with the humerus, ulna, and carpal bones. It is almost universally present,as a skeletal blueprint, in eachtetrapod’s forelimb. The detailed morphometry of radius, has not been fully explored. Specifically, the inclination of its proximal and distal articular surfaces, which can be affected in many pathologies including: fractures-dislocations, joint’s degenerations, tumors, dystrophic calcifications, and pathologic deposits. Aims and Objectives: To derive a statistical inference concerning the inclination of the proximal and distal articular surface of radius. Materials and Methods: In a sample of 30 dry specimens of human radial bone (radius), measurements were done to derive statistical inference concerning: the inclination of proximal and distal articular surfaces (P and D), length of radius (L), mid-point thickness (T), length of head of radius (HL). Materials used for measurements included: electronic Vernier, digital inclinometer, and a tape measure. The most challenging parameter to be measured, was the inclination of articular surfaces, which required multiple reference points: at the interosseous border of radius, proximal and distal ends of radius. Results: The mean values (+/- standard deviation) were: 22.23 +/- 1.89 cm (L), 1.43 +/- 0.2 cm (T), 0.95 +/- 0.135 cm (HL), 6.283 +/- 3.253 (P), and 23.77 +/- 1.874 (D). The 95% Confidence Interval was: 0.90 to 1 (HL), 5.07 to 7.50 (P), and 23.07 to 24.47 (D). Linear regression was absent between most of the studied parameters, with exception for the correlation between the inclination of the proximal articular surface and the value of (P/HL), which revealed a Correlation coefficient (r): 0.958, and the relevant p-value is < 0.00001 (significant at p< 0.01). Conclusion: This study is in line with prior studies concerning the morphometry and inclination of radial articular surfaces. It has a tremendous value in biomedical science, biomechanical applications and prosthesis synthesis, corrective surgical and orthopedic procedures, anthropology, and forensic sciences. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 117-123
Adolescent School Bullying Victimization and Later Life Outcomes

We analyse the long-term effects of experiencing bullying victimisation in junior high school, using rich data on a large cohort of English adolescents. The data contain self-reports of five types of bullying and their frequency, for three waves, when the pupils were aged 13 to 16 years. We assess the effects of bullying victimisation on short- and long-term outcomes, including educational achievements, earnings, and mental ill-health at age 25 years using a variety of estimation strategies - least squares, matching, and inverse probability weighting. We also consider attenuation associated with relying on self-reports. The detailed longitudinal data, linked to administrative data, allows us to control for many of the determinants of child outcomes that have been explored in previous literature, together with comprehensive sensitivity analyses, to assess the potential role of unobserved variables. The pattern of results strongly suggests that there are quantitatively important long run effects on victims – stronger than correlation analysis would otherwise suggest. In particular, we find that both type of bullying and its intensity matters for long run outcomes such as obtaining a degree, income, and mental health.
THE ECONOMICS OF MILK QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND MILK PRICING IN SIMULATED UNITED STATES DAIRY HERDS

OF DISSERTATION THE ECONOMICS OF MILK QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND MILK PRICING IN SIMULATED UNITED STATES DAIRY HERDS Mastitis is considered one of the most common and costly diseases in the dairy industry. Intramammary infection status at a herd level is measured using somatic cell count (SCC). Understanding the total cost of an elevated somatic cell count can help influence dairy farmers to lower SCC and select management practices to produce higher quality milk. The first objective of our research was to determine if the cost of an elevated somatic cell count to farms can be decreased through the adoption of management practices with varying expenses. Using stochastic simulation modeling, the adoption of three differently priced management practices were modeled in herds with varying somatic cell counts. Results were highly dependent on whether a premium scheme for lower SCC milk was in place and how close a herd’s initial SCC was to a premium level. When herd SCC reduced enough to receive a premium, the total cost of SCC to the farm was dramatically reduced. One management practice that has historically been used in the industry is treating every quarter of every cow with an intramammary antibiotic at the end of her lactation. However, future restrictions of antibiotic use in animal agriculture may pressure dairy farmers to treat only cows with an intramammary infection at the end of the lactation. The second objective of our research was to complete an economic analysis comparing the total cost of dry cow therapy in simulated dairy farms when every quarter of every cow was treated with intramammary antibiotics compared treating only cows with an intramammary infection at end of the lactation. Results from the model indicate the treating every quarter of every cow at the end of lactation was most economically feasible in simulated farms. However, as the cost of a case of mastitis and mastitis incidence decrease, treating only cows with an intramammary infection may become economically feasible. Within recent years, the dairy industry in the Southeastern United States has shown interest in changing the way milk is priced. Currently, dairy farmers in the Southeast are paid for total fluid volume and butterfat, while other areas are paid for milk fat, protein, and other solids yields. The third objective of our research was to determine the differences in milk value using the conventional milk pricing system compared to a multiple component pricing system using cow production records. After examining average milk values, multiple component pricing may result in Southeastern dairy farmers being paid more for their milk.
Assessment of the probability of entry of Rift Valley fever virus into the EU through active or passive movement of vectors

The overall aim of this scientific report is the assessment of the probability of entry of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) into the European Union (EU) through active or passive movement of vectors. Two different import pathways were considered in this report, i.e. import through flights and import via cargo on ships. The import through road transport, eggs or immature stages, and wind was not considered in this report as thought to be zero or negligible. In total 39 potential RVFV vectors were identified based on our review. Of the 39 identified potential vectors of RVFV, the five highest ranked based on their distribution in the African at-risk countries, their potential role as vector, and their behavioural and ecological traits influencing the risk of transportation were: Anopheles pharoensis, Aedes aegypti, Mansonia uniformis, Aedes mcintoshi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Four of these species were also detected in airports or airplanes in the EU. The estimated probability of entry of RVFV infected mosquito vectors into the EU through the passive movement of mosquito vectors by flights is medium for the Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy. These countries are heavily connected through direct flights from the 14 at-risk countries in Africa. A low risk of RVFV import was estimated for Spain, Poland, Belgium and Austria and for 16 countries the risk was zero. Overall the risk of RVFV import through ship-cargo was zero for most of the EU Member States and low for the Netherlands, Spain, Germany and Belgium.
The effect of dietary methionine levels on growth, feed conversion and protein retention efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

Abstract. Mohammed FA, Yousif RA, Hilal FM, Adam RA, Ahmed TK. 2020. The effect of dietary methionine levels on growth, feed conversion and protein retention efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 21-27. A 49 days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate growth, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (4.30±0.01 g), fed five isonitrogenous (32 g 100 g-1 crude protein) and isoenergetic (14.51 kJ g-1 Gross energy) practical diets and five levels of methionine supplementation (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g 100 g-1). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and three replicates. Fish were stocked in triplicate groups of 20 fish held in 70 L flow-through tanks (water volume 55 L) and fed twice daily (08:00 am and 04:30 pm) to apparent satiation. When absolute weight gain (AWG; g fish-1), feed conversion ratio, protein deposition (g fish-1) and protein retention efficiency (%) data were subjected to second-degree polynomial regression analysis 95% of the plateau of the above parameters was achieved at dietary methionine concentrations between 1.4-1.5 g 100 g-1 dry diet or 0.09-0.10 g methionine kJ-1 GE. Corresponding to 4.4-4.7 g 100 g-1 of the dietary protein. Based on these results, dietary methionine requirement for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is recommended 1.4-1.5 g 100 g-1 diet.
Meeting the housing needs of older people: the key to better care and a more integrated society?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for a longer term view of how to address the needs of older people for suitable housing. Design/methodology/approach The author draws from his experience of meetings and discussions with numerous older people through his national and regional roles in the ageing sector. Findings There is a need to hear the voice of older people, to emphasise “rightsizing” rather than “downsizing”, to create self-supporting communities rather than building houses, to focus on care and repair services and finally to ensure that all new homes are built to enable occupiers to age in place. Originality/value The author draws on extensive experience of involvement in the older people’s movement to provide a challenging analysis of the housing situation as it affects older people.