Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Compact Broadband Bandpass Filter Using Branch Stubs Co - via Structure with Wide Stopband Characteristic

In this paper, a broadband bandpass filter (BPF) with superior spurious suppression over a wide frequency range at least up to 20GHz at -20 dB has been designed. The proposed broadband bandpass filter has designed using quarter-wavelength short stubs alternating with branch stubs co-via structure, and inserting the bandstop filters to substitute for redundant connecting lines. Compare with some traditional co-via structure, this work by using the branch stubs to construct the co-via structure, not only reduce the size around 70% but also decrease the radiation loss due to some complex meander configurations occurring in the connecting lines. For the prototype broadband filter, center frequencies around 4 GHz were selected. The bandwidth of passband was between 1.95GHz and 6.25 GHz, in which the insertion-loss amounts to around -1.5 dB. The suppression range of stopband is between 8.2–20.3 GHz, in which the insertion-loss amounts to around -20 dB.
Frequency of traditional food use by three Yukon first nations living in four communities

This study documented the frequency of use of traditional food species among 122 adults from three Yukon First Nations. The informants resided in four communities: Haines Junction, Old Crow, Teslin, and Whitehorse. Food patterns were examined in two ways: (1) estimated frequency of household use of traditional food species over a one-year period, and (2) frequency of traditional foods in four daily diet recalls of men and women, collected once per season. On average, Yukon Indian households used traditional foods over 400 times annually. Moose was consumed on average 95 times yearly, caribou 71, chinook salmon 22, Labrador tea 20, cranberries and crowberries each 14, and blueberries 11 times yearly. According to household estimates, traditional foods were consumed almost as often in Whitehorse as in Haines Junction. Teslin surpassed both these, while Old Crow had the highest frequency. Daily diets of adult individuals indicated that traditional foods were consumed on average 1.14 times per day. Traditional foods were reported twice daily in Old Crow diets, once daily in each of Teslin and Haines Junction, and 0.5 times daily in Whitehorse diets. Measured by frequency of use, traditional foods - especially moose, caribou and salmon - remain extremely important in contemporary diets of these Yukon Indian people. Key words: traditional foods, aboriginal foods, Yukon First Nations, Yukon Indian people
Dynamical behaviors of a stochastic SIRS epidemic model

In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of a stochastic SIRS epidemic model with specific nonlinear incidence rate and vaccination. We show the existence and positivity of the solution of the SIRS stochastic differential equation. We defined a number $\mathcal{R}$ and we prove the disease free equilibrium is almost sure exponentially stable if $\mathcal{R}<1$. We studying the behavior around the endemic equilibrium E*. Numerical simulations presented our theoretical results.
Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Virus 3 (GLRaV-3): Acquisition, Inoculation and Retention by the Mealybugs Planococcus ficus and Pseudococcus longispinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

South Africa, acquisition access periods (AAPs), inoculation access periods (IAPs) and the retention of the virus in starving and feeding first- to second instar nymphs were determined. The rootstock hybrid LN33 served as virus source and grapevines (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Cabernet franc) served as recipient plants. An AAP of 15 min or an IAP of 15 min was sufficient for Pl. ficus to acquire or transmit GLRaV-3, respectively. Nymphs of Pl. ficus retained the virus for at least eight days when feeding on a non-virus host and grapevine, and for at least two days when starving, and were then capable of transmitting it successfully to healthy grapevine plants. Nymphs of Ps. longispinus transmitted the virus after an AAP of 30 min and an IAP of 1 h. They retained the virus for at least three days when feeding on virus-free vines or starving. The GLRaV-3 infection rates of plants with Pl. ficus as vector varied with AAPs. These were lower (20 to 60%) for AAPs of 12 h or less than for AAPs of 24 h or more (80 to 100%). The findings are of importance for understanding the transmission biology of mealybug vectors and devising management strategies for grapevine leafroll.
Origin of Turbulence in Near-Wall Flows

In experiments by Klingmann, Boiko, Westin, Kozlov and Alfredsson (1993) it became possible to remove the suction peak near the leading edge and to reduce the pressure gradient region. The experimental theoretical neutral disturbance data are given in Fig. 1. As seen, for the low frequencies, the difference between the theoretical curves appeared to be practically negligible. The experiments showed also that the linear parallel stability theory predicts well the distributions of amplitudes, wave numbers, growth rates and neutral stability of the two-dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting waves. The assumption of the boundary layer parallelity allows to acquire quite precise results for the disturbance growth rates, except for the most upper part of the neutral stability curve, where it is necessary to take into account the effects of flow nonparallelity which are quite small. The classical analysis of the linear stability treats the disturbances as separate modes of the Orr–Sommerfeld and Squire equations with exponential growth rates. However, the approach does not take into account the fact that these equations are not self-adjoint, i.e. the modes are not orthogonal. The phenomenon of the ‘lift-up’ effect (a redistribution of the streamwise momentum by small velocity perturbations in the direction normal to
Biodiesel production from soybean oil over TiO2 supported nano-ZnO

TiO2 supported nano-ZnO catalyst was prepared by deposition-precipitation and tested for the trans-e sterification reaction of soybean oil to biodiesel. The TiO 2 support stabilized the nano-ZnO in a dispersed form with limited crystalli e size compared to the unsupported ZnO. The final ZnO dispersion an d crystallite size and the material transfer resistance in the catalys t significantly influenced the supported nano-ZnO catalyst performa nce. Keywords—nano-ZnO, soybean oil, TiO 2, trans-esterification
Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean

Author(s): Druffel, Ellen R. M; Williams, Peter M; Bauer, James E; Ertel, John R | Abstract: Radiocarbon (Δ14C), δ13C, bulk carbon and organic constituent concentration measurements are presented for dissolved and particulate carbon pools from the North Central Pacific Ocean (NCP) and the Sargasso Sea (SS). We operationally define three overlapping pools of dissolved organic carbon (DOC): (1) DOC that is oxidizable by UV radiation (DOCuv); (2) “extra” DOC measured by Co/CoO flow-through high-temperature catalytic oxidation (DOCFt-htc), which also has low Δ14C values like DOCuv (Bauer et al., 1992a); and (3) a potential residual DOC fraction that is the difference between DOC measured by discrete-injection high-temperature catalytic oxidation (DOChtc) and DOCFt-htc, and which has unknown Δ14C signature. The distribution of a large fraction of DOC appears to be controlled by circulation of deep ocean waters between major oceans. The DOC in the SS is slightly younger than would be expected if circulation was the sole process controlling DOC cycling. We propose that there is more bomb 14C in the deep SS DOC to account for this difference. The Δ14C values of suspended, and to a lesser extent sinking particulate organic carbon (POC), decrease with depth, with the suspended POC displaying a much steeper gradient in the SS than in the NCP. These data reflect the incorporation of low-activity organic matter into the POC pool, possibly through incorporation of DOC by physical adsorption and/or biological heterotrophy.
Exploring valid reference genes for quantitative real-time rt-pcr studies of hydrogen peroxide signaling in arabidopsis

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signaling molecule modulating the expression of various genes in plants. However, the reference gene(s) used for gene expression analysis of H2O2 signaling is still arbitrary. A reliable result obtained by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) highly depends on accurate transcript normalization using stably expressed reference genes, whereas the inaccurate normalization could easily lead to the false conclusions. In this report, by using geNorm and NormFinder algorithms, 12 candidate reference genes were evaluated and compared in root and shoot tissues of Arabidopsis upon different doses of H2O2. The results revealed that, in our experimental conditions, three novel reference genes (TIP41-like, UKN, and UBC21) were identified and validated as suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in both root and shoot tissues under oxidative stress. This conclusion was further confirmed by publicly available microarray data of methyl viologen and drought stress. In comparison with a single reference gene (EF-1a), the expression pattern of ZAT12 modulated by H2O2, when using TIP41-like, UKN, and UBC21 as multiple reference gene(s), was similar with the previous reports by using northern blotting. Thus, we proposed that these three reference genes might be good candidates for other researchers to include in their reference gene validation in gene expression studies under H2O2-related oxidative stress.
Imaging the Life and Death of mRNAs in Single Cells.

SUMMARYRNA plays a central role in gene expression from its transcription in the nucleus through translation and degradation in the cytoplasm. Technological advances in fluorescent microscopy and labeling methodologies have made it possible to detect single molecules of RNA in both fixed and living cells. Here, we focus on the recent developments in RNA imaging that have allowed quantitatively measuring the lives of individual transcripts from birth to death and all the events in between in single cells and tissues. Direct observation of RNAs within their native cellular environment has revealed a complex layer of spatial and temporal regulation that has profoundly impacted our understanding of RNA biology.
Tropical Agrarian Landscape Classification using high-resolution GeoEYE data and segmentationbased approach

Abstract We examine the use of high spatial resolution ‘GeoEYE’ imagery for land use classification in a tropical landscape. Image objects (I-Os) derived from features identification provide a basis for segmentation process and the Geographic Object Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) framework. eCognition software with I-Os as classification unit and maximum likelihood algorithm facilitated the process. Supervised classification approaches (SCA) and rule set classification approach (RSCA) were used and performance and transferability of two approaches compared. Main conclusions: (a) high degree of details in GeoEYE data enables delineation of diverse land use zones, and (b) segmentation based analysis is more effective to tackle spatial intermixing.
Viability and enzymatic leakage of the cooled camel spermatozoa in relation to different extenders

Five males dromedary camel at 5 to 10 years of age and 400-600 kg body weight, were used. Semen was collected, evaluated and extended with different seven extenders (glucose-yolk-citrate: GYC, fructose-yolk- citrate: FYC, lactose-yolk-citrate: LYC, sucrose-yolk-citrate: SYC, tris-yolk-fructose: TYF, skim-cow-milk: SCM and skim-camel-milk: SLM). The extended semen was cooled to 5°C and stored for up to 3 days. After each storage time (0, 1, 2 and 3 days), the percentages of sperm motility, dead spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage of spermatozoa, were recorded. Activities of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine- aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, were also determined. The results showed that, the extended cooled camel semen with each of FYC, LYC, SYC and TYF extenders was significantly (P<0.05) higher the percentage of sperm motility, while significantly (P<0.05) lower the percentages of dead spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage of spermatozoa than GYC, SCM and SLM extenders, during storage at 5°C for up to 3 days. The extended cooled camel semen with LYC, SYC and TYF extenders showed significantly (P<0.05) decreased the amounts of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes released into the extracellular medium as compared with GYC, FYC, SCM and SLM extenders, during storage at 5°C for up to 3 days. The advancement of storage time at 5°C for up to 3 days decreased significantly (P<0.05) the percentage of motile camel spermatozoa, while increased significantly (P<0.05) the percentage of dead spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities, acrosomal damage of spermatozoa and the amount of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes released into the extracellular medium of the extended cooled camel semen with all different extenders (GYC, FYC, SYC, LYC, TYF, SCM and SLM extenders).
Probabilistic climate change projections for CO2 stabilization profiles

Probabilistic projections of future climate change for a range of CO2 stabilization profiles intended for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are presented. A very large ensemble of simulations with the reduced complexity, Bern2.5D climate model is used to explore the uncertainties in projected long‐term changes in surface air temperature and sea level due to uncertainties in climate sensitivity and ocean heat uptake. Previously published probability density functions of climate sensitivity are used to calculate probabilistic projections for different CO2 stabilization levels and to calculate the probability of not exceeding a certain global mean surface temperature for a given stabilization level. This provides a new way of communicating long‐term uncertainty which can serve as a basis for selecting a CO2 stabilization level given a temperature limit and help to estimate the overshoot risk society is willing to accept.
An all-solid-state imprinted polymer-based potentiometric sensor for determination of bisphenol S

An all-solid-state polymeric membrane potentiometric sensor for determination of bisphenol S has been developed by using the imprinted polymer as the receptor and a nanoporous gold film as the solid contact. The sensor has a linear concentration range of 0.1 to 2 μM with a detection limit of 0.04 μM.
Somali Undergraduate Students’ Perception towards the Accounting Profession

Abstract: This article investigated Somali undergraduate students’ perception towards the accounting profession. A comparison was also made of the perceptions of male and female undergraduate students. Sixty five students were met and the demographic profile of the respondents was age, gender and marital status. Descriptive statistics for overall perceptions were presented. To analyze the perception variations based on gender the study utilized a frequency distribution. It was found that undergraduate students hold positive views of the accounting profession considering it to be interesting, prestigious and well respected profession. Both male and female students have positive perception towards the profession and both of them have perception differences in certain areas.
Success of the high‐dose/refuge resistance management strategy after 15 years of Bt crop use in North America

Transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first commercialized in 1996. By 2009, Bt crops were planted on ca. 47.6 Mha in 22 countries worldwide, with the USA and Canada accounting for 54% of this area. Resistance (virulence) development in target insect pests is a major threat to the sustainable use of Bt crops. Four major target pests of Bt crops in the USA and Canada – European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (both Lepidoptera: Crambidae), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) – remain susceptible to Bt toxins after 15 years of intensive use of Bt maize and Bt cotton. The success in sustaining susceptibility in these major pests is associated with successful implementation of the ‘high‐dose/refuge’ insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy: (i) Bt crop cultivars express a ‘high dose’, (ii) initial frequency of resistance alleles is very low, and (iii) a refuge is maintained nearby in the environment. Field resistance (including control failure) to a Bt crop has been clearly documented in three situations: fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith] in Puerto Rico, African stem borer [Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] in South Africa, and P. gossypiella in India. Factors associated with these cases of field resistance include: failure to use high‐dose Bt cultivars and lack of sufficient refuge. These observations support the claim that implementation of the ‘high‐dose/refuge’ IRM strategy has been successful in substantially delaying field resistance to Bt crops.
Electronic and geometric structure of graphene/SiC(0001) decoupled by lithium intercalation

Graphene formation on top of SiC(0001) by decoupling the carbon buffer layer through lithium intercalation is investigated. Low-energy electron diffraction and core-level photoemission spectroscopy results show that graphene formation already occurs at room temperature, and that the interface morphology is improved after thermal annealing. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) shows that the resulting graphene layer is strongly $n$-type doped, and in spite of the decoupling by lithium intercalation, a persistent interaction with the substrate imposes a superperiodicity on the graphene band structure that modulates the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ band intensity and gives rise to quasi-$(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) \ensuremath{\pi}$ replica bands. Through a comparison of the ARPES-derived band structure with density-functional-theory calculations, we assign the observed bands to SiC-derived states and interface-related ones; this assignment permits us to establish that the intercalated lithium occupies the T4 site on the topmost SiC layer.
The Economic Value of Volatility Timing using a Range-Based Volatility Model

There is growing interest in utilizing the range data of asset prices to study the role of volatility in financial markets. In this paper, a new range-based volatility model was used to examine the economic value of volatility timing in a mean-variance framework. We compared its performance with a return-based dynamic volatility model in both in-sample and out-of-sample volatility timing strategies. For a risk-averse investor, it was shown that the predictable ability captured by the dynamic volatility models is economically significant, and that a range-based volatility model performs better than a return-based one.
Re-visiting the ‘social gap’: public opinion and relations of power in the local politics of wind energy

Our widely cited 2005 explanatory framework for considering public responses to wind farm developments distinguished two gaps: a ‘social gap’ between the high support for wind energy reported in surveys and the low success rate for wind farm applications; and an ‘individual gap’ whereby an individual supports wind energy in general but opposes a local wind farm (NIMBYism). The popular assumption that NIMBYism was the only explanation for the ‘social gap’ was contested. Instead, three explanations of the social gap were provided – democratic deficit, qualified support, and NIMBYism – and a range of different policy responses was suggested. This analysis is re-visited in order to take account of the theoretical and empirical developments since its publication. The original explanatory framework is expanded and revised and new conclusions are drawn about the likely causes of the ‘social gap’.
Failure prediction of electrolytic capacitors during operation of a switchmode power supply

Electrolytic filter capacitors are frequently responsible for static converter breakdowns. To predict these faults, a new method to set a predictive maintenance is presented and tested on two types of converters. The best indicator of fault of the output filter capacitors is the increase of ESR (equivalent series resistance). The output-voltage ripple /spl Delta/V/sub o/ of the converter increases with respect to ESR. In order to avoid errors due to load variations, /spl Delta/V/sub o/ is filtered at the switching frequency of the converter. The problem is that this filtered component is not only dependent on the aging of the capacitors, but also on the ambient temperature, output current, and input voltage of the converter. Thus, to predict the failure of the capacitors, this component is processed with these parameters and the remaining time before failure is deduced. Software was developed to establish predictive maintenance of the converter. The method developed is as follows. First, a reference system including all the converter parameters was built for the converter at its sound state, i.e., using sound electrolytic filter capacitors. Then, all these parameters were processed and compared on line to the reference system, thereby, the lifetime of these capacitors was computed.
Pediatric Hemorrhagic Stroke Complicates Interventions for Congenital Heart Disease: Experiences from Two Centers

To the Editor: Pediatric stroke refers to the rupture and/or occlusion of arteries or veins. It is one of the highest causes of pediatric preterm death and long‐term disability. Health‐care providers find dealing with pediatric stroke a challenge because of the difficult diagnosis, the lack of standard guidelines, the rapid progress, and the high mortality. In this study, we observed and analyzed the characteristics of six pediatric hemorrhage strokes complicated with interventions for congenital heart disease (CHD). We found that vascular malformation, hemodynamic fluctuation, and postoperative anticoagulant medicines were risk factors for this condition and that there was an urgent need for awareness and acknowledgment.
Exploring signature multiplicity in microarray data using ensembles of randomized trees

A challenging and novel direction for feature selection research in computational biology is the analysis of signature multiplicity. In this work, we propose to investigate the e ect of signature multiplicity on feature importance scores derived from tree-based ensemble methods. We show that looking at individual tree rankings in an ensemble could highlight the existence of multiple signatures and we propose a simple post-processing method based on clustering that can return smaller signatures with better predictive performance than signatures derived from the global tree ranking at almost no additional cost.