Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Porous Shape Memory Alloys for Hard-Tissue Replacement Materials

Porous shape memory alloys (SMAs), including NiTi and Ni-free Ti-based alloys, are unusual materials for hard-tissue replacements because of their unique superelasticity (SE), good biocompatibility, and low elastic modulus. However, the Ni ion releasing for porous NiTi SMAs in physiological conditions and relatively low SE for porous Ni-free SMAs have delayed their clinic applications as implantable materials. The present article reviews recent research progresses on porous NiTi and Ni-free SMAs for hard-tissue replacements, focusing on two specific topics: (i) synthesis of porous SMAs with optimal porous structure, microstructure, mechanical, and biological properties; and, (ii) surface modifications that are designed to create bio-inert or bio-active surfaces with low Ni releasing and high biocompatibility for porous NiTi SMAs. With the advances of preparation technique, the porous SMAs can be tailored to satisfied porous structure with porosity ranging from 30% to 85% and different pore sizes. In addition, they can exhibit an elastic modulus of 0.4–15 GPa and SE of more than 2.5%, as well as good cell and tissue biocompatibility. As a result, porous SMAs had already been used in maxillofacial repairing, teeth root replacement, and cervical and lumbar vertebral implantation. Based on current research progresses, possible future directions are discussed for “property-pore structure” relationship and surface modification investigations, which could lead to optimized porous biomedical SMAs. We believe that porous SMAs with optimal porous structure and a bioactive surface layer are the most competitive candidate for short-term and long-term hard-tissue replacement materials.
Investigating the impact of a motion capture system on Microsoft Kinect v2 recordings: A caution for using the technologies together

Microsoft Kinect sensors are considered to be low-cost popular RGB-D sensors and are widely employed in various applications. Consequently, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of Microsoft Kinect sensors, and noise models have been proposed for the sensors. Several studies utilized motion capture systems as a golden standard to assess the Microsoft Kinect sensors, and none of them reported interference between Kinect sensors and motion capture systems. This study aimed to investigate possible interference between a golden standard (i.e., Qualisys) and Microsoft Kinect v2. The depth recordings of Microsoft Kinect sensors were processed to estimate the intensity of interference. A flat non-reflective surface was utilized, and smoothness of the surface was measured using Microsoft Kinect v2 in absence and presence of an active motion capture system. The recording was repeated in five different distances. The results indicated that Microsoft Kinect v2 is distorted by the motion capture system and the distortion is increasing by increasing distance between Kinect and region of interest. Regarding the results, it can be concluded that the golden standard motion capture system is robust against interference from the Microsoft Kinect sensors.
Development of metabolic syndrome after bilateral total thyroidectomy despite the L-t4 replacement therapy: A prospective study.

OBJECTIVES The literature about the frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with multinodular goitre and a new onset of metabolic syndrome after total thyroidectomy is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of total thyroidectomy and thyroid hormones on a new onset of metabolic syndrome in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and have received thyroid hormone replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-nine patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for multinodular goitre were included in this prospective study. Patients' height, weight, and waist circumference were measured, and the body mass index was calculated. Peripheral blood samples were obtained preoperatively and at the 12th and 24th month after total thyroidectomy to examine the lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and thyroid function tests. RESULTS The lipid profile and blood pressure parameters deteriorated, and the mean body mass index and waist circumference with the metabolic syndrome rates significantly increased at the 12th and 24th months follow-up. Preoperative body mass index (Exp[B] 1.60; p=0.003) was independently associated with metabolic syndrome at the 2nd year after total thyroidectomyin a multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSION The frequency and severity of MetS is high in adult patients with non-toxic multinodular goitre after total thyroidectomy. The frequency of metabolic syndrome increased in patients with a high body mass index after total thyroidectomy.
Pose Estimation of Sweet Pepper through Symmetry Axis Detection

The space pose of fruits is necessary for accurate detachment in automatic harvesting. This study presents a novel pose estimation method for sweet pepper detachment. In this method, the normal to the local plane at each point in the sweet-pepper point cloud was first calculated. The point cloud was separated by a number of candidate planes, and the scores of each plane were then separately calculated using the scoring strategy. The plane with the lowest score was selected as the symmetry plane of the point cloud. The symmetry axis could be finally calculated from the selected symmetry plane, and the pose of sweet pepper in the space was obtained using the symmetry axis. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by simulated and sweet-pepper cloud dataset tests. In the simulated test, the average angle error between the calculated symmetry and real axes was approximately 6.5°. In the sweet-pepper cloud dataset test, the average error was approximately 7.4° when the peduncle was removed. When the peduncle of sweet pepper was complete, the average error was approximately 6.9°. These results suggested that the proposed method was suitable for pose estimation of sweet peppers and could be adjusted for use with other fruits and vegetables.
Ilio‐inguinal‐transversus abdominis plane (I‐TAP) nerve block for elective caesarean section. A reply

We thank Dr. Gucev for his interest in our paper [1]. The diagram in Fig. 3 was used to illustrate the notional course of the nerves to aid readers in visualisation of the anatomical relationships for this hybrid block. Jamison et al. nicely demonstrated that the point where the nerves penetrate the TAP plane is variable and can be as posterior as the posterior superior iliac spine and as anterior as the anterior superior iliac spine [2]. We agree that this variable anatomy may explain the mix of positive and negative trials using either TAP or ilioinguinal–iliohypogastric blocks individually [3, 4]. All caesarean sections were performed via a Pfannenstiel incision. While the typical Pfannenstiel incision should be within the L1 dermatome, the pain from the procedure can affect mixed nerve distributions. For example, there is blunt dissection and traction of the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles between the symphysis and umbilicus [5], which may involve the thoracolumbar and subcostal nerve (T10–T12). There is also the unknown factor of operator variability in the placement of the incision. Again, these are all factors that may contribute to the variable outcomes of trials involving the individual blocks. We sought a technique that would overcome the variable anatomy and broaden the sensory coverage of these blocks. We believe the I-TAP block provides more reliable blockade of the ilio-inguinal–iliohypogastric nerves by targeting them at different sites along their course, broadens the area of sensory blockade with the fascial compartment block provided by the TAP injection and simplifies the technique by utilising one pass rather than multiple needle passes. We have demonstrated that the block is efficacious; its effectiveness compared with the individual blocks would be an excellent direction for further research.
The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhike-Houpu Herbal Pair on Depressive Behaviors and Hippocampal Serotonin 1A Receptors in Rats After Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

Objective Zhike-Houpu herbal pair (ZKHPHP) is a well-known Chinese medicine to treat gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. Recently, many researchers have found that some of the compounds of ZKHPHP such as meranzin hydrate and magnolol have antidepressant effects. However, little is known about the antidepressant mechanism of ZKHPHP. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of ZKHPHP and its possible mechanism of action on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A) in the hippocampus CA1 region in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: normal, model, ZKHPHP (3 g/kg), ZKHPHP (10 g/kg), ZKHPHP (20 g/kg), and ZKHPHP (30 g/kg); n = 8 per group. We exposed the rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress and then assessed antidepressant-like effects of ZKHPHP by measuring weight change, observing the open-field test, and measuring sucrose water consumption. The antidepressant mechanism was examined by measuring the effect of ZKHPHP on HTR1A protein expression and HTR1A mRNA expression in the hippocampus CA1 region by using immunohistochemistry analysis, Western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results ZKHPHP (10 or 20 g/kg) reduced the incidence of depressive-like behaviors and increased HTR1A protein and HTR1A mRNA expression in the hippocampus CA1 in rats displaying depressive behavior, whereas ZKHPHP (3 or 30 g/kg) had no obvious effect on the measured depression indicators. Conclusions These data show that ZKHPHP has antidepressant-like effects based on a chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression model in rats. ZKHPHP may be attractive as an antidepressant because of its beneficial effects on depression and the absence of gastrointestinal dysregulation, which is a frequently observed unintended effect of many commonly used antidepressive medications.
Learners' Experiences During Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Simulations: A Qualitative Analysis

Introduction Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCDP) is a team-based simulation method, emphasizing repetitive practice over reflective debriefing, with progressively more challenging rounds, frequent starts and stops, and direct coaching. Although some studies have shown improved performance, no study has evaluated learners' perceptions. We aimed to explore learners' experiences during RCDP. Methods This was a qualitative study of participants' perceptions regarding RCDP during their pediatric emergency medicine rotation. Participants completed surveys about RCDP learning. A purposive sample of residents and nurses were interviewed. Two coders analyzed all interview transcripts to identify emerging themes. Constant comparison analysis was performed until thematic saturation was achieved. Results Forty-four participants completed surveys. Participants found RCDP interruptions beneficial and felt that they learned most during interruptions. Participants who were able to compare traditional and RCDP simulations felt that RCDP allowed more focused correction of mistakes, acquisition of new skills, and timely practice of team behaviors. Fourteen participants were interviewed. Three themes emerged. (1) The real-time corrections during RCDP allowed for learning and creation of new skills through repetition and practice. (2) The RCDP allowed learners to gain confidence, decrease anxiety, and learn in a safe environment. (3) By introducing new information in smaller chunks, participants maximized learning without cognitive overload. Conclusions Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice is well received by learners. Because of frequent interruptions, learners noted early error correction, a safe learning environment, and skill improvement during RCDP. Learners recognized that the progressive advancement of RCDP helped prevent cognitive overload. Future studies should measure cognitive load and skills retention.
Environmental influences on RNA processing: Biochemical, molecular and genetic regulators of cellular response

RNA processing has emerged as a key mechanistic step in the regulation of the cellular response to environmental perturbation. Recent work has uncovered extensive remodeling of transcriptome composition upon environmental perturbation and linked the impacts of this molecular plasticity to health and disease outcomes. These isoform changes and their underlying mechanisms are varied—involving alternative sites of transcription initiation, alternative splicing, and alternative cleavage at the 3′ end of the mRNA. The mechanisms and consequences of differential RNA processing have been characterized across a range of common environmental insults, including chemical stimuli, immune stimuli, heat stress, and cancer pathogenesis. In each case, there are perturbation‐specific contributions of local (cis) regulatory elements or global (trans) factors and downstream consequences. Overall, it is clear that choices in isoform usage involve a balance between the usage of specific genetic elements (i.e., splice sites, polyadenylation sites) and the timing at which certain decisions are made (i.e., transcription elongation rate). Fine‐tuned cellular responses to environmental perturbation are often dependent on the genetic makeup of the cell. Genetic analyses of interindividual variation in splicing have identified genetic effects on splicing that contribute to variation in complex traits. Finally, the increase in the number of tissue types and environmental conditions analyzed for RNA processing is paralleled by the need to develop appropriate analytical tools. The combination of large datasets, novel methods and conditions explored promises to provide a much greater understanding of the role of RNA processing response in human phenotypic variation.
Could Eggs Help Increase Dietary Protein Intake in Older Adults? – Exploring Reasons for the Consumption and Non-Consumption of Eggs in People over 55 years old

Abstract Compared to other protein-rich foods, eggs are of soft texture, easy to cook, and low cost, and may be useful in increasing protein intakes in older adults. Focus groups and interviews were used to explore all reasons for consuming and not consuming eggs in older adults. Forty-two individuals (20 males, 22 females, aged 56–96 years) took part in one of eight focus groups or two individual interviews. Thematic analyses revealed 69 different reasons for eating or not eating eggs in this population. Reasons were related to: hedonics, properties of the food, preparation style, convenience, physical environment, variety, physical health/abilities, nutrition and health knowledge, food safety, social environment, morality, emotion, and habit. Some of these reasons are likely to be specific to egg consumption in older adults, e.g. properties of the food and convenience combined with physical health/abilities. Some reasons are also likely to be more relevant to older than younger individuals, e.g. medical factors. Investigation of the reasons most related to intake on a population-wide scale would aid the development of interventions.
Wave Loads on Monopile Structures

This article compares different approaches to determine the design forces and moments for the ultimate limit state for monopile structures for offshore wind turbines. The principles of the different approaches are explained. Four different methods, i.e. model test, volume of fluid method, boundary element method and the classical Morison approach are compared to each other.
An MRI biomarker of mixed pathology

The majority of biomarker studies for Alzheimer and related dementias, whether neuroimaging or biofluid, focus on the identification of a specific underlying pathology that contributes to cognitive impairment.1 Such biomarkers have great potential utility for identifying persons who may benefit from a particular therapeutic or for monitoring the effect of the therapeutic.2–4 However, data from clinical–pathologic cohort studies find that mixed pathology, typically Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology plus another comorbid pathology such as cerebrovascular disease (CVD), is the most common cause of Alzheimer dementia in older persons.5 Biomarkers of specific pathologies have on occasion been examined jointly for their associations with Alzheimer dementia.6–8 However, efforts to identify a biomarker of mixed pathology, which may have better prognostic value for the development of and consequences of Alzheimer dementia, are limited.
Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus on Spodoptera litura

Recent concerns about the possible adverse effects of agricultural chemicals on health and environment have generated a considerable interest in biological alternatives. This study aimed to test the insecticidal potential of fungus Aspergillus flavus and revealed its genotoxic and cytotoxic effects using Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) as a model.
Overlooked climate parameters best predict flowering onset: Assessing phenological models using the elastic net

Determining the manner in which plant species shift their flowering times in response to climatic conditions is essential to understanding and forecasting the impacts of climate change on the world's flora. The limited taxonomic diversity and duration of most phenological datasets, however, have impeded a comprehensive, systematic determination of the best predictors of flowering phenology. Additionally, many studies of the relationship between climate conditions and plant phenology have included only a limited set of climate parameters that are often chosen a priori and may therefore overlook those parameters to which plants are most phenologically sensitive. This study harnesses 894,392 digital herbarium records and 1,959 in situ observations to produce the first assessment of the effects of a large number (25) of climate parameters on the flowering time of a very large number (2,468) of angiosperm taxa throughout North America. In addition, we compare the predictive capacity of phenological models constructed from the collection dates of herbarium specimens vs. repeated in situ observations of individual plants using a regression approach—elastic net regularization—that has not previously been used in phenological modeling, but exhibits several advantages over ordinary least squares and stepwise regression. When herbarium‐derived data and in situ phenological observations were used to predict flowering onset, the multivariate models based on each of these data sources had similar predictive capacity (R2 = 0.27). Further, apart from mean maximum temperature (TMAX), the two best predictors of flowering time have not commonly been included in phenological models: the number of frost‐free days (NFFD) and the quantity of precipitation as snow (PAS) in the seasons preceding flowering. By vetting these models across an unprecedented number of taxa, this work demonstrates a new approach to phenological modeling.
Batch Reading Densely Arranged QR Codes

This paper presents BatchQR, a mobile APP that can batch read the densely arranged QR codes attached to caps of the tubes and vials in clinical and biological labs. The basic idea of BatchQR is to detect each code in the image and then decode in an one-by-one manner. However, the unique characteristics of the QR code and the application scenario bring technical challenges: First, off-the-shelf lightweight object detection mechanisms are unable to distinguish those densely arranged codes that are highly similar to each other; second, the focus area of the camera is limited, which blurs or distorts parts of the image. To this end, we propose a lightweight code detection mechanism, which can adaptively adjust operating parameters to identify densely arranged QR codes in practice. We also propose a simple but effective image refocus mechanism, which takes an auto-focused image and multiple refocused ones, and then replaces the blurred or distorted code parts with the high-quality counterparts in the refocused images. Comprehensive experimental results show that BatchQR can read 160-180 Version 1-L QR codes in batch with 90%-95% accuracy in 10-14s, which is only 4% of the time consumed by the regular QR code reader in the same situation.
Assessment of Radiometric Resolution Impact on Remote Sensing Data Classification Accuracy

Improved sensor characteristics are generally assumed to increase the potential accuracy of image classification and information extraction from remote sensing imagery. However, the increase in data volume caused by these improvements raise challenges associated with the selection, storage, and processing of this data, and with the cost-effective and timely analysis of the remote sensing datasets. Previous research has extensively assessed the relevance and impact of spatial, spectral and temporal resolution of satellite data on classification accuracy, but little attention has been given to the impact of radiometric resolution. This study focuses on the role of radiometric resolution on classification accuracy of remote sensing data through different classification experiments over three different sites. The experiments were carried out using fine and low scale radiometric resolution images classified through a bagging classification tree. The classification experiments addressed different aspects of the classification road map, including among others, binary and multiclass classification schemes, spectrally and spatially enhanced images, as well as pixel and objects as units of the classification. In addition, the impact of image radiometric resolution on computational time and the information content in fine- and low-resolution images was also explored. While in certain cases, higher radiometric resolution has led to up to 8% higher classification accuracies compared to lower resolution radiometric data, other results indicate that higher radiometric resolution does not necessarily imply improved classification accuracy. Also, classification accuracy of spectral indices and texture bands is not related so much to the radiometric resolution of the original remote sensing images but rather to their own radiometric resolution. Overall, the results of this study suggest that data selection and classification need not always adhere to the highest possible radiometric resolution.