Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral remote sensing of paddy crop using insitu measurement and clustering technique

Rice Agriculture, mainly cultivated in South Asia regions, is being monitored for extracting crop parameter, crop area, crop growth profile, crop yield using both optical and microwave remote sensing. Hyperspectral data provide more detailed information of rice agriculture. The present study was carried out at the experimental station of the Regional Rainfed Low land Rice Research Station, Assam, India (26.1400° N, 91.7700° E) and the overall climate of the study area comes under Lower Brahmaputra Valley (LBV) Agro Climatic Zones. The hyperspectral measurements were made in the year 2009 from 72 plots that include eight rice varieties along with three different level of nitrogen treatments (50, 100, 150 kg/ha) covering rice transplanting to the crop harvesting period. With an emphasis to varieties, hyperspectral measurements were taken in the year 2014 from 24 plots having 24 rice genotypes with different crop developmental ages. All the measurements were performed using a spectroradiometer with a spectral range of 350–1050 nm under direct sunlight of a cloud free sky and stable condition of the atmosphere covering more than 95 % canopy. In this study, reflectance collected from canopy of rice were expressed in terms of waveforms. Furthermore, generated waveforms were analysed for all combinations of nitrogen applications and varieties. A hierarchical clustering technique was employed to classify these waveforms into different groups. By help of agglomerative clustering algorithm a few number of clusters were finalized for different rice varieties along with nitrogen treatments. By this clustering approach, observational error in spectroradiometer reflectance was also nullified. From this hierarchical clustering, appropriate spectral signature for rice canopy were identified and will help to create rice crop classification accurately and therefore have a prospect to make improved information on rice agriculture at both local and regional scales. From this hierarchical clustering, spectral signature library for rice canopy were identified which will help to create rice crop classification maps and critical wave bands like green (519,559 nm), red (649 nm), red edge (729 nm) and NIR region (779,819 nm) were marked sensitive to nitrogen which will further help in nitrogen mapping of paddy agriculture over therefore have the prospect to make improved informed decisions.
RCMV ALL-03 Model and Study of CMV Pathogenesis in Congenital Infection

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most commonly studied members of the Herpesviridae family. So far several strains have been identified but human CMV (HCMV) remains the most important due to its ability to infect humans and also cross the placenta causing neonatal infection and mortality. However, there are several limitations in the study of this strain which includes availability and use of model animals. Although strains such as Rhesus CMV (RhCMV), Guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) and Rat CMV (RCMV ALL-03) have been shown to cross the placenta and exhibit similar pathogenesis to HCMV, only RCMV ALL-03 can be conveniently used without much limitations as guinea pigs are resistant to antiviral drugs, while rhesus monkeys are seropositive, considered costly and have ethical use restrictions. We therefore propose the use of RCMV ALL-03 as a model for the study of CMV infection.
PII: S0378-4754(01)00285-3

Error indicators based on solution gradients, interpolation errors, and a posteriori error estimates are presented for use in defining monitor functions for the r-adaptive finite element methods based on moving mesh partial differential equations. The methods are compared with a careful selection of examples. The numerical results show that the methods based on both interpolation errors and a posteriori error estimates work well and have better performance than that based on the solution gradient. Since, the interpolation error is in general easier and more economic to compute than a posteriori error estimates, this study suggests that the error indicator based on interpolation errors be used for the r-adaptive method. © 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of IMACS. Sub. Class: 65M50; 65M60
Prevalence of Obesity Among Female Children of Amritsar in Punjab with Convenient Indicators

Abstract In the present study, an attempt has been made to report the prevalence of obesity among the female children of Amritsar district in Punjab. Data on height, weight and triceps skinfold measurements were collected from 500 school going female children, ranging in age from 6-11 years. Body mass index, relative body mass index, relative weight and triceps skinfold were compared as indicators of obesity.
Climate change and the management of coastal resources

In early 1996 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presented its Second Assessment Report 1995. In this paper some of the lPCC conclus~ons are discussed in the light of possible Impacts on coastal resources and with respect to adaptation possibilities in coastal areas. It is concluded that present developments and trends in coastal areas are aggravating future impacts of chmate change It is also concluded that strengthening integrated coastal zone management efforts is the vehlcle for improving the present day situation while at the same time accounting for future threats, which climate change is. KEY WORDSCllmate change Sea level changes . Coastal zone management
MALE AND FEMALE TERMS OF REFERENCE IN SOME NOVELS WRITTEN BY DJENAR MAESA AYU

Bahasa adalah hal yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Hal ini berkaitan langsung dengan fungsinya sebagai alat utama dalam komunikasi verbal. Dalam penggunaan sehari-hari, bahasa mengalami perkembangan yang menimbulkan adanya interpretasi makna yang berbeda dari sebuah ujaran. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh faktor adanya internal dari penutur ataupun faktor eksternal dari pengaruh lingkungan dan perkembangan zaman. Salah satu perkembangan bahasa tersebut adalah munculnya bentuk kata acuan. Kemunculan kata acuan ini dipicu oleh banyaknya kelompok sosial dalam masyarakat. Kata acuan yang muncul pada umumnya merujuk pada pada makna literal. Akan tetapi, tidak sedikit yang berasosiasi dengan manusia, hewan, atau benda mati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap bentuk kata acuan yang merujuk pada laki-laki dan perempuan dalam empat novel yang ditulis oleh Djenar Maesa Ayu. Penulis menggunakan Teori Makna atau Referensial Ogden dan Richards untuk mengetahui adanya kata acuan yang merujuk secara literal maupun berasosiasi kepada laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyajian hasil analisis ini adalah metode Deskriptif Analisis, yaitu dengan memaparkan hasil penelitian dan mendeskripsikan hubungan antara kata acuan dengan apa yang dirujuknya menggunakan Analisis Komponen. Analisis Komponen dalam empat novel yang ditulis oleh Djenar Maesa Ayu, membandingkan kata acuan yang terdapat dalam novel dengan bentuk atau unsur dari laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebelum membandingkan kata acuan tersebut, penulis mengklasifikasikan kata acuan tersebut yang dilakukan dengan taksonomi yang mencakup dalam empat kategori antara lain; manusia, binatang, wujud fiktif, dan benda mati.
Effectiveness of Extended Invariant Moments in Fingerprint Analysis

Automatic fingerprint identification system includes person identification process based on fingerprint which is in digital form. Fingerprint identification system consists of acquiring fingerprint module, classification module, and the matching module, which it performs a comparison between the unknown input fingerprint and the others stored in the fingerprint database and related to the class labeled by the classification module. In this paper, extended are used in fingerprint analyzing process for extracting local features. In extraction local features, extended moments gave best results than when using centralized invariant moments with order 3. for decision making in identification, K_NN classifier used in this work.
The effects of education and aging in an OLG model: long-run growth behavior in France, Germany and Italy

The purpose of the paper is to provide a long-run analysis up to 2050, of the interplay between financial integration, diverging labor productivity and aging processes in the larger European countries. To achieve this we use the Prometeia overlapping generation (OLG) model for Italy, Germany, and France modeled as open economies in capital markets. Our projections provide a core-periphery structure where Germany, the most abundant human capital country, grows at the highest but decreasing rate due to pronounced aging, and finances the capital accumulation processes in France and Italy. We find that financial trends are reversed in the late 2010s when Italy starts to over-save as the gap in human capital endowment, and then productivity becomes larger compared to the other countries. This leads Italy to reduce its physical capital accumulation and innovation processes. We provide fiscal experiments to correct the long-run divergent behavior of countries, in order to get a more homogeneous growth ∗Corresponding author: Michele Catalano (michele.catalano@prometeia.com) 1 rate path among countries. We also measure the impact of netwealth taxation in Italy and evaluate internal and spillover effects.
Long-term changes in migration timing of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the southern edge of the species distribution1

The Connecticut River historically represented the southernmost extent of the North American range of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but the native population was extirpated 200 years ago by dam construction. An extensive restoration effort has relied upon stock transfers from more northerly rivers, especially the Penobscot River (Maine). Recent work has shown differences in age structure between donor and derivative populations. Here we focus on a related life-history trait, the timing of the adult migration. We examined 23 years of migration timing data collected at two capture locations in the Connecticut River drainage. We found that both dates of first capture and median capture dates have shifted significantly earlier by about 0.5 days·year–1. To conclude whether this is a consequence of local adaptation or a coast-wide effect, we also quantified changes in migration timing of more northerly stocks (in Maine and Canada). We found that the changes in migration timing were not unique to the Connecticut River stock and instead observed coherent patterns in the shift towards earlier peak migration dates across systems. These consistent shifts are correlated with long-term changes in temperature and flow and may represent a response to global climate change. Résumé : Dans le passé, le fleuve Connecticut représentait l’extension la plus australe de la répartition du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) en Amérique du Nord, mais la population indigène a été éliminée il y a 200 ans par la construction de barrages. L’effort important de réintroduction a été basé sur des transferts de stocks à partir de rivières plus boréales, particulièrement de la Penobscot (Maine). Des études récentes ont révélé des différences dans les structures d’âge entre la population d’origine et la population dérivée. Nous abordons ici une autre caractéristique démographique apparentée, le moment de la migration des adultes. Nous avons étudié des données sur la phénologie de la migration récoltées sur une période de 23 ans à deux points de capture dans le bassin versant du fleuve Connecticut. Les dates des premières captures et des captures médianes ont avancé significativement d’environ 0,5 jour·année–1. Avant de décider s’il s’agit des conséquences d’une adaptation locale ou d’un effet répandu sur toute la côte, nous avons aussi analysé les changements de phénologie de la migration des stocks plus nordiques (au Maine et au Canada). Les changements de phénologie de la migration ne sont pas restreints au stock du fleuve Connecticut; il existe des patterns cohérents de déplacement des pics de migration vers des dates plus hâtives dans tous les systèmes. Ces déplacements coordonnés de dates sont corrélés à des changements à long terme de température et de débit; ils peuvent représenter une réaction au changement climatique global. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Evaluating Layout and Clustering Algorithms for Visualizing Named Entity Graph

Myriad of layout and clustering algorithms exist to generate visual graphs of named entities. Consequently, it is hard for researchers to select the appropriate algorithms that fulfill their needs. This paper intends to assist the researchers by presenting the performance evaluation of the combination of graph layout algorithm followed by a clustering algorithm. The layout algorithms are OpenORD and Hu’s algorithms, and the clustering algorithms are Chinese Whispers and GivanNewman algorithms. The evaluation is carried out on bio-named entities that are linked by some annotated relations. The results of the experimentations highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the four combinations regarding running time, loss of relations (or edges), edge crossing, and cluttered display.
Mirror neurons and their role in communication

Actions done by others are probably the most important stimuli of our lives. Most of others’ actions do not convey intentional information to the observer. From them, however, we understand what others are doing and we can infer why they are doing it. This involuntary communication is fundamental for interpersonal relations, and is at the basis of social life. What is the mechanism underlying our capacity to understand others’ actions? The traditional view is that actions done by others are understood in the same way as other visual stimuli. Thus, action understanding is based on the visual analysis of the different elements that form an action. For example, when we observe a girl picking up a flower, the analyzed elements would be her hand, the flower, and the movement of the hand towards the flower. The association of these elements and inferences about their interaction enables the observer to understand the witnessed action. The discovery of neurons that code selectively biological motion has better specified the neural basis of this recognition mechanism. These theoretical considerations received strong support from the discovery that in the motor cortex of the macaque monkey there is a particular set of neurons that discharge both when the monkey observes a given motor act and when it does the same act. These neurons called “mirror neurons,” represent a system that directly matches observed and executed actions.
VAGINAL PROLAPSE IN PERI-PARTUM PRIMIPAROUS MURRAH BUFFALO COMPLICATED INTO ENDOMETRITIS AND CYSTITIS: A CASE REPORT

Buffaloes are unique in many ways compared to other cattle in many aspects of animal health. The reproductive performance in buffalo is poor due to various diseases of the reproductive system, including genital prolapsed. Prepartum vaginal prolapse is one of the major reproductive disorders in buffaloes. The presented case report of a primiparous Murrah buffalo which was affected with pre-partum vaginal prolapse of low grade intensity which did not respond to conventional therapy instituted and latter after assisted parturition complicated into utero-vaginal prolapse. After manual repositioning, infection in the uterus resulted in puerperal metritis and later urinary bladder infection. The condition was not responding favorably to intrauterine and systemic medication with suitable antibiotic, antiinfl ammatory and other supportive therapy. It resolved only after antibiotic administration both locally oxytetracycline hydrochloride (500mg tablet Pfi zer® dissolved in 60 ml pyrogen free water) into the urinary bladder as well as systemic intravenous infusion of broad spectrum antibiotic combination of Ceftriazone 3000 mg and Tazobactam 375 mg (Vetazo® Zydus Animal Health Limited) for 3 days. The present case report signifi es the possibility of urinary bladder infection during utero-vaginal prolapsed. In such condition, clinician should also look into possibility of urinary bladder involvement and if left untreated results in delay in recovery due to persistant straining originating from irritation in the urinary bladder.
Bilateral Versus Unilateral Upper Extremity Training on Upper Limb Motor Activity in Hemiplegia

Abstract Background: Upper extremity paresis post stroke is an important contributor to disability and task oriented rehabilitation aims at compensating loss of function in the affected upper extremity. Bilateral arm training focuses on coupling both the extremities during treatment to gain symmetrical and synchronous movement in both the limbs. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of bilateral arm training over unilateral training in improving upper limb functional tasks of subjects with hemiplegia. Methods: 30 hemiplegic subjects were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups where the former performed three sets of exercises using both the upper extremities while those in the latter group performed same exercises using only the affected extremity. Motor Activity Log (MAL) was used to quantify the treatment outcome. Results: Pre-post comparison within groups showed significant improvement in AOU (amount of usage) and QOM (quality of movement ) components of MAL (p<0.001) in both experimental and control groups, whereas only AOU showed significant difference between the groups (p<0.05 ). Conclusion: Bilateral arm training improved functional tasks better than unilateral arm training in subjects with hemiplegia.
Factors Mediating Between Government Expenditure and Unemployment in Nigeria

The study seeks to find economic variables mediating between unemployment and government expenditure in Nigeria. The indirect effect was tested using the method of difference of coefficient. the findings shoe that only labour force population and inflation showed evidence of partial mediation, although their mediational (indirect) effect are not statistically significant as the P-values of the test of indirect effect are all greater than the level of significance, 0.05. Further studies are recommended to ascertain factors mediating upon government expenditure and unemployment in Nigeria other than economic variables already studied.
NEUROTOXIC EFFECT OF CIPROFLOXACIN ON ALBINO RAT

Flouroquinolones are one of the most commonly used antibacterial antibiotics for the treatment of various infections throughout several mechanisms. The CNS side effects, however, which is the molecular target organ is still not exactly known under therapeutic and higher dose exposure. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the neuronal biochemical effects of ciprofloxacin at different doses. Five groups of Sprague Dawley rats (150-170 g) were employed; one received 20 mg/kg/24 hours for 14 days and the others were received a single oral dose of either 50,100,200 or 300 mg/kg and decapitated post 24 hours. At the therapeutic dose level, ciprofloxacin was significantly lowered whole brain total protein, glutamate, GABA, glycine and alanine and increased aspartate, taurine, histidine and serine. At the same dose level, brain serotonin, AChE, Na+, K+-ATP-ase, plasma total protein and glucose were decreased. Reduced-GSH was decreased and oxidized-GSH was increased in the studied brain areas. Noradrenaline and dopamine were decreased only in cerebral cortex and increased in the hippocampus. At the higher tested doses, there was a vigorous similar pattern effect on the concentration of the whole-brain amino acids, and the higher potent effect was attained at 200 and 300 mg/kg dosing groups.
Treasury Working Paper 2010-02: Child Care Availability, Quality and Affordability: Are Local Problems Related to Maternal Labour Supply?

We examine whether subjective responses to survey questions about child care availability, quality, and cost, aggregated at the local geographical level, have any explanatory power in models of workforce participation and labour supply. We find that married women who live in areas with more reports of lack of availability, low quality, or costly childcare work less than women in areas with fewer reported difficulties with child care. We find this effect on both the hours of labour supplied and on the part‐time/full‐time choice. We find almost no effects for lone parents.
Impacts of the Olympic Games as mega-events

Mega sporting events can be defined by their impacts and complexity in organisation and delivery. This paper reviews the literature on the features of such events and, drawing particular examples from recent Olympic Games, it identifies the nature and extent of their impacts on the host country and community. These range from the political, social, economical, physical and cultural and can be negative as well as positive. The paper concludes that while the prospect of economic growth is the driving force behind bids for hosting the Olympic Games, the legacies that follow their hosting are difficult to quantify, prone to political interpretation and multifaceted.