Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Correlations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XRCC1 to risk of colorectal cancer].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) encodes a protein required for DNA base excision repair and single strand break recombination repair. The polymorphisms of XRCC1 affect the function of the protein, therefore, affect the susceptibility of human to cancers. This population-based case-control study was to examine the correlations of the 3 most common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of XRCC1 gene, C26304T, G27466A and G28152A, to risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS XRCC1 genotypes in 207 colorectal cancer patients and 621 matched healthy controls were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restrictive fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression model to evaluate the correlations of the 3 genotypes to risk of colorectal cancer. The haplotype distribution was estimated by EH linkage software 1.2. RESULTS There was no significant differences in selected characteristics, such as age, sex, body mass index, cigarette-smoking and alcohol-drinking status, between the patients and the controls. The frequencies of mutant 26304T, 27466A, and 28152A alleles were 29.95%, 11.22%, and 28.22%, respectively, in the patients, and 32.87%, 12.34%, and 27.27%, respectively, in the controls; there was also no significant difference between the 2 groups. All the polymorphic genotypes met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant correlation of XRCC1 C26304T, G27466A, and G28152A polymorphisms to risk of colorectal cancer was found. Estimated by EH linkage software 1.2, genetic linkage disequilibrium existed both in the patients and the controls, and CGG, CGA, CAG, and TGG were the 4 most common haplotypes. However, there was no significant difference in haplotype distribution between the 2 groups (95.54% vs. 96.64%, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS In Han people in southern China, XRCC1 C26304T, G27466A, and G28152A polymorphisms have no correlations to risk of colorectal cancer. However, the genetic linkage disequilibrium exists in these 3 polymorphic sites, and CGG, CGA, CAG, and TGG are the 4 most common haplotypes.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection using endoclips to assist in mucosal flap formation (novel technique: “clip flap method”)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires a high skill level due to poor visualization and instability in the cutting area. Mucosal flap formation after beginning submucosal dissection is the most difficult part of the procedure but improves visibility in the cutting area and allows for easier dissection, because the mucosal flap can be lifted with an attachment fitted to the endoscope. Although traction systems for ESD were recently reported [1–5], these methods are complicated and not widely employed. We designed a simple “clip flap method” using the endoclip as a substitute for the mucosal flap until it is formed. ESD was performed for 51 cases of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms (24 colorectal neoplasms, 23 gastric neoplasms, 4 esophageal neoplasms) in our hospital, as follows. After circumferential incision of the mucosa (●" Fig.1a) was performed, the edge of the exfoliated mucosa was clipped with one or more endoclips (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) (●" Fig.2a,b), attached in an upright manner, so that the endoscope attachment could easily pass underneath. The endoscope attachment was slipped under the endoclip as well as under the mucosal flap then the mucosa and submucosa were pulled up by the endoclip (●" Fig.1b). As a result, the cutting area was clearly visualized, allowing the submucosal layer to be dissected more safely and efficiently by countertraction using the endoclip (●" Fig.1c and ●" Fig.2c). The mucosal flap could then be formed more quickly. All tumors were resected en bloc, without perforation or severe uncontrollable bleeding. Respiratory fluctuation in the cutting area was reduced and the visual field stabilized, because the attachment was fixed by the endoclip. The clip flap method was quite effective for most cases and especially effective for colorectal neoplasms, for which it is often difficult to form a mucosal flap when incising (●" Video1). The endoclip weight could be used for countertraction, and the direction of gravity controlled by a postural change. The clip flap method is simple and very effectively enables formation of the mucosal flap. Fig.1 a The mucosa around the neoplasm was partially incised and the submucosa cut deeply after injection of saline or diluted sodium hyaluronate into the submucosal layer. b, c The attachment fitted to the distal end of the endoscope was slipped under the endoclip, and then the mucosa and submucosa were lifted by the endoclip.
Exercise becomes brain: sustained aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal neurogenesis

Tharmegan Tharmaratnam, Robert A. Civitarese, Tyler Tabobondung and Taylor A. Tabobondung Royal College of Surgeons of IrelandMedical University of Bahrain, Adilya, Bahrain Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Toronto, Canada Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
Evaluating and improving cybersecurity capabilities of the energy critical infrastructure

This paper describes the Cyber Security Capability Maturity Model (C2M2) and two tailored versions of the model for the energy sector the Electricity Subsector Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (ES-C2M2) and the Oil & Natural Gas Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (ONG-C2M2). These are proven tools which allow owners and operators of components of electricity and oil & natural gas critical infrastructure to assess their cybersecurity capabilities and informs the prioritization of their actions and investments to improve cybersecurity. The models combine elements from existing cybersecurity efforts into a common tool that can be used consistently across the industry. The goal of these models and associated tools are to support ongoing development and measurement of cybersecurity capabilities within the electricity and oil and natural gas subsectors. The model can be used to: (1) Strengthen cybersecurity capabilities in the subsector, (2) Enable subsector entities to effectively and consistently evaluate and benchmark cybersecurity capabilities, (3) Share knowledge, best practices, and relevant references within the subsector, as a means to improve cybersecurity capabilities, and (4) Enable subsector entities to prioritize actions and investments to improve cybersecurity. In this paper we will provide background on the C2M2, including the model architecture, an overview of the domains, and the model practices. We will explain the Cybersecurity Self Evaluation Survey Tool, which helps electric utilities and grid operators use the model to identify opportunities to further develop their own cybersecurity capabilities. Finally, we will share information about how these models have successfully been utilized by an ever increasing number of entities and plans for their continued stewardship, evolution, and applications to other types of organizations.
Treatable abdominal pathologic conditions and unsuspected malignant neoplasms at autopsy in veterans who received mechanical ventilation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine, in medical patients who received mechanical ventilation, the frequency and types of major unexpected diagnoses at autopsy that, if known before death, would probably have led to improved survival (class I errors) or substantively changed management but not survival (class IIB errors). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Six medical intensive care units in a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. PATIENTS One hundred seventy-two autopsied patients of the 401 veterans who received mechanical ventilation and died in the hospital. RESULTS The class I error rate was 12%. Abdominal pathologic conditions--abscesses, bowel perforations, or infarction--were as frequent as pulmonary emboli as a cause of class I errors. While patients with abdominal pathologic conditions generally complained of abdominal pain, results of examination of the abdomen were considered unremarkable in most patients, and the symptom was not pursued. Six percent of patients had extensive malignant neoplasms (class IIB errors). CONCLUSIONS Atypical presentation of potentially treatable abdominal pathologic conditions is a common cause of class I errors in veterans who receive mechanical ventilation. Conversely, several patients with unrecognized terminal conditions underwent intensive intervention. If the information gained at autopsy had been known before death, management would have probably changed substantively in 18% of patients.
3-D ambiguity analysis method of arbitrary antenna array for direction finding

In this paper we propose an approach to 3-D ambiguity (type I ambiguity [l]) analysis of arbitrary antenna arrays. Ambiguity characterization is very important in designing antenna array for direction finding in mobile communications/indoor positioning/radar, which greatly influences practical capability of Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation. Conventional 2-D ambiguity analysis loses most of ambiguity information in 3-D space and cannot indicate ambiguity from 3-D space out of the selected 2-D plane; Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) analysis outputs unidentified pattern when real measured data exhibits less regular behavior than ideal data, moreover it only provides variance low bound instead of exact value or upper bound. We defined and proposed the 3-D ambiguity analysis with full 3-D ambiguity information of antenna array, and shows (by real measured data) that proposed method is a plain and utility tool for ambiguity characterization suitable for practically designing arbitrary antenna arrays.
Mechanical impedance of the dog's hind leg to pulsatile blood flow.

Femoral arterial pressure and flow were recorded with apparatus capable of following cyclic changes at frequencies greater than those encountered. The records were subjected to Fourier analysis, and impedance magnitude and phase angle relations were computed at various frequencies. The impedance curve showed a dip at 180 cpm and a subsequent rise at higher frequencies, suggesting a resonant system. This suggestion was corroborated by the phase angle curve, which crossed from elastance controlled to inertia controlled behavior at 180 cpm. A simple physical model is suggested which contains some of the frequency characteristics of the vascular system studied. From this model rough values of compliance and inertance were computed.
Comparison of transient phenomena when switching shunt reactors on the line's two terminals and station busbar

This paper investigates the transient phenomena when switching high voltage shunt reactors on the operation of Tai-power system. Two cases that shunt reactors were installed respectively at 345 kV line's two terminals and 161 kV station busbar were studied and compared. When shunt reactor was closing, high unsymmetrical currents could be occurred with long time constant; when shunt reactor was opening, reignition between the circuit breaker contact gaps could lead to very steep over-voltages. This study has been carried out by the simulation calculation using the software ATP/EMTP, the results related to the causes of high transient over-voltages that are produced when switching high voltage shunt reactors were presented and the differences between directly grounded and ungrounded reactors were pointed out.
Chaos synchronization of two different PMSM using a fractional order sliding mode controller

This paper investigates the fractional-order sliding mode control design to synchronize two different chaotic permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). In fact, by designing a fractional-order sliding mode surface, it is proved that the corresponding synchronization error is Mittag-Leffler (or asymptotic) stable. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller is robust against the modeling uncertainties, parametric variations and unknown external disturbances and can considerably reduce the chattering effect.
An interaction between the mammalian DNA repair protein XRCC1 and DNA ligase III

XRCC1, the human gene that fully corrects the Chinese hamster ovary DNA repair mutant EM9, encodes a protein involved in the rejoining of DNA single-strand breaks that arise following treatment with alkylating agents or ionizing radiation. In this study, a cDNA minigene encoding oligohistidine-tagged XRCC1 was constructed to facilitate affinity purification of the recombinant protein. This construct, designated pcD2EHX, fully corrected the EM9 phenotype of high sister chromatid exchange, indicating that the histidine tag was not detrimental to XRCC1 activity. Affinity chromatography of extract from EM9 cells transfected with pcD2EHX resulted in the copurification of histidine-tagged XRCC1 and DNA ligase III activity. Neither XRCC1 or DNA ligase III activity was purified during affinity chromatography of extract from EM9 cells transfected with pcD2EX, a cDNA minigene that encodes untagged XRCC1, or extract from wild-type AA8 or untransfected EM9 cells. The copurification of DNA ligase III activity with histidine-tagged XRCC1 suggests that the two proteins are present in the cell as a complex. Furthermore, DNA ligase III activity was present at lower levels in EM9 cells than in AA8 cells and was returned to normal levels in EM9 cells transfected with pcD2EHX or pcD2EX. These findings indicate that XRCC1 is required for normal levels of DNA ligase III activity, and they implicate a major role for this DNA ligase in DNA base excision repair in mammalian cells.
Clinical Experience with Diltiazem in Japan

In a cooperative postmarketing study, 3,913 Japanese patients received diltiazem, an orally administered calcium channel blocking agent, for 30 to over 360 days. Drug safety was assessed by monthly evaluations of subjective symptoms, electrocardiographic recordings, adverse experiences, vital signs, and biochemical profiles. Original case report forms were processed and analyzed in the United States. None of the observed adverse experiences were serious or life threatening. They occurred in 1.8% of the patients and primarily involved the gastrointestinal system; anorexia and nausea were the most common adverse effects. The majority of the other adverse experiences were extensions of the drug's pharmacologic effects. Diltiazem appears to cause relatively minor clinical toxicity at a low frequency.
Effect of high-density lipoprotein on lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone resorption in rats.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatments with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may alter the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar bone resorption in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were injected with 500 microg of LPS from Escherichia coli at the alveolar mucosa of lower right first molar once every 2 days for 8 days. The negative and positive control were injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and LPS alone, respectively. In HDL-treated animals various concentration of HDL were injected immediately before, after the third or the final LPS injection. The bone sections were stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the numbers of both osteoclasts and preosteoclasts and the levels of alveolar bone resorption were assessed. RESULTS The numbers of both osteoclasts and preosteoclasts and the levels of alveolar bone resorption in animals treated with HDL before or during LPS injections were lower than those in the positive control, but higher than those in the negative control, regardless of HDL doses. Similar results were also observed in animals treated with 250 and 500 microg of HDL after the final LPS injection. Only treatments with 1000 microg of HDL after LPS injections completely reduced the number of both osteoclasts and preosteoclasts, but only partially decreased the alveolar bone resorption. CONCLUSION HDL treatments partially reduced the LPS-induced alveolar bone resorption in vivo in rats, suggesting that HDL may neutralize the ability of LPS to induce alveolar bone resorption.
TÜRKİYE’DE DENETİMİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ

Ulkemiz son yillarda pek cok alanda bir degisim ve gelisim sureci icine girmis ve ozellikle mali sistem alaninda gelismis ulke duzeyine ulasabilmek icin gerekli yasal ve yapisal degisimleri gerceklestirmek icin buyuk caba sarf etmektedir. Bu caba muhasebe ve denetim alaninda da sonuclarini gostermis ve muhasebe ve denetim mevzuatinda ve uygulamalarinda onemli degisimler olmustur. Ozellikle 1980’li yillarin basinda itibaren ulkemiz uluslar arasi alanda meydana gelen bu degisimlere ayak uydurmak ve degisimleri ulusal duzeyde ulkemize adapte etmek icin kurum duzeyinde gerekli yapilanmalar yapilmaya baslanmis ve bu cercevede yasal duzenlemelere gidilmistir. Bu calisma ulkemizde bagimsiz denetim alaninda meydana gelen yasal ve yapisal degisiklikleri sistematik bir sekilde incelemektedir.
Alteração no Modelo de Grupos do Moodle para Apoiar a Colaboração

Resumo: Varios ambientes virtuais de apoio a aprendizagem oferecem o recurso de organizacao em grupos, embora poucos sejam de fato adequados a realizacao colaborativa de atividades. A partir de um conjunto de caracteristicas desejaveis a AVAs no suporte a colaboracao, discutimos neste trabalho, as principais caracteristicas do ambiente Moodle no que diz respeito a organizacao de grupos com tal proposito, descrevendo um conjunto de alteracoes que buscaram melhor suas caracteristicas nesse aspecto especifico, sem interferir nem modificar a arquitetura atual do ambiente. Abstract: Varios ambientes virtuais de apoio a aprendizagem oferecem o recurso de organizacao em grupos, embora poucos sejam de fato adequados a realizacao colaborativa de atividades. A partir de um conjunto de caracteristicas desejaveis a AVAs no suporte a colaboracao, discutimos neste trabalho, as principais caracteristicas do ambiente Moodle no que diz respeito a organizacao de grupos com tal proposito, descrevendo um conjunto de alteracoes que buscaram melhor suas caracteristicas nesse aspecto especifico, sem interferir nem modificar a arquitetura atual do ambiente.
CD8+ Treg Cells Associated with Decreasing Disease Activity after Intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy in Lupus Nephritis with Heavy Proteinuria

We focus on the role of CD8+ Treg cell in Intravenous methyl-prednisolone (IVMP) pulse therapy in forty patients with active Class III/IV childhood lupus nephritis (LN) with heavy proteinuria. IVMP therapy for five days. From peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and renal tissues, we saw IVMP therapy definitely restoring both CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD8+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell number plus greater expression with intracellular IL-10 and granzyme B in CD8+FoxP3+ Treg from PBMCs. IVMP-treated CD8+CD25+ Treg cells directly suppressed CD4+ T proliferation and induced CD4+CD45RO+ apoptosis. Histologically, CD4+FoxP3+ as well as CD8+FoxP3+ Treg cells appeared in renal tissue of LN patients before IVMP by double immunohistochemical stain. CD8+FoxP3+ Treg cells increased in 10 follow-up renal biopsy specimens after IVMP. Reverse correlation of serum anti-C1q antibody and FoxP3+ Treg cells in PBMNCs (r = −0.714, P<0.01). After IVMP, serum anti-C1q antibody decrease accompanied increase of CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells. CD8+Treg cells reduced interferon-r response in PBMCs to major peptide autoepitopes from nucleosomes after IVMP therapy; siRNA of FoxP3 suppressed granzyme B expression while decreasing CD8+CD25+Treg-induced CD4+CD45RO+ apoptosis. Renal activity of LN by SLEDAI-2k in childhood LN was significantly higher than two weeks after IVMP (P<0.01). CD8+FoxP3+ Treg cells return in post-IVMP therapy and exert crucial immune modulatory effect to control autoimmune response in LN. Trial Registration DMR97-IRB-259
Extraction and isolation of a leukotoxin from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans with polymyxin B

A leukotoxin from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was isolated by a procedure that includes polymyxin B extraction, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The procedure resulted in the recovery of 48% of the toxin with a 99-fold increase in specific activity. The isolated toxin has a molecular mass of 180,000 daltons by gel filtration and 115,000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It retains all the major biological characteristics previously documented for crude leukotoxin preparations, including susceptibility to heat and proteolytic enzymes and neutralization by sera from patients with juvenile periodontitis. The isolated leukotoxin destroys human but not rat or guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes and has no apparent effect on human erythrocytes. The availability of the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin should facilitate studies on its chemistry and mode of action as well as its role in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease.
Chapter 1. Aim, background, key concepts, regulations, and current statistics

the dramatic increase in sickness absence that has occurred in Sweden in recent years; . hypotheses concerning the consequences of being sick listed; . sick-listing practices by physicians. This chapter presents a brief description of these three aspects and a review of the key factors concerning the physician’s role in conjunction with sick listing and key concepts such as disease, the sick role, and insurance. Finally, trends in sickness absence are briefly reviewed as are the regulations concerning reimbursement for sickness absence in Sweden and several other European countries.
Asynchronous Real-time Multiplayer Game With Distributed State

Real-time multiplayer games are complex systems that often have a single point of failure and are not scalable. In this work a prototype design is created to handle node failure during game simulation. The client server paradigm is modified to construct a distributed server at each node. Propagation of gamestate is performed across nodes keeping each node up to date. Node failure is handled gracefully without noticeable suspension of gameplay. Using distributed state across nodes also shows promise in the area of scalability.
Excess hot-carrier currents in SOI MOSFETs and its implications

This work demonstrates that excess hot-carrier currents in SOI MOSFETs are caused by self-heating. Self-heating-free I/sub SUB/ data should be used for dynamic lifetime extrapolation due to long thermal time constant. The underlying mechanism, increased impact ionization with temperature at low drain bias, is studied experimentally from the angle of thermal activation energy. Our study indicates that the driving force of impact ionization transitions from the electric field to the lattice temperature with power-supply scaling below 1.2 V.
Distinct Inflammatory Signals Have Physiologically Divergent Effects on Epigenetic Regulation of Foxp3 Expression and Treg Function

Foxp3 expression in regulatory T cells (Treg) is required for their development and suppressive function. How different inflammatory signals affect Foxp3 chromatin structure, expression and Tregs plasticity are not completely known. In the present study, the Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand peptidoglycan inhibited Foxp3 expression in both natural Treg (nTreg) and TGFβ‐driven adaptive Treg (aTreg). Inhibition was independent of paracrine Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines. PGN‐induced T cell‐intrinsic TLR2‐Myd88‐dependent IFR1 expression and induced IRF1 bound to IRF1 response elements (IRF‐E) in the Foxp3 promoter and intronic enhancers, and negatively regulated Foxp3 expression. Inflammatory IL‐6 and TLR2 signals induced divergent chromatin changes at the Foxp3 locus and regulated Treg suppressor function, and in an islet transplant model resulted in differences in their ability to prolong graft survival. These findings are important for understanding how different inflammatory signals can affect the transplantation tolerance and immunity.