Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bar as a Potential Selectable Marker Gene to Obtain Putative Transformants in Indian Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars

A reproducible and efficient transformation method was demonstrated for two Indian desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars using bar as a selectable marker gene. In order to select the transformants in tissue culture medium, 2.5 mg/l of phosphinothricin was optimized to use as a selective agent in regeneration and selection medium. Cotyledonary explants containing half embryonic axes were infected and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strain harboring binary plasmid (pBK16.2) containing a chimeric cre (Cyclization recombination) gene of bacteriophage P1 and a bar gene as selectable marker gene. The frequencies of putative transformed plants were 1.23% in cv. ‘ICCV 89314’ and 1.12% in cv. ‘Vijay’. Explant to plant duration was 61-71 days. Putative transformed plants/shoots that were selected on regeneration and selection medium were confirmed by PCR analysis for the presence of transgenes. A “leaf painting assay” using 0.6 mg/ml of phosphinothricin confirmed expression of the bar gene in the putative transformed plants. This protocol generated a slightly higher frequency of putative transformed plants in our laboratory when compared to generation of transformed chickpea plants using nptII as the selection marker gene. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Preschoolers’ temperament and social functioning in novel and routine contexts

Introduction The centrality of social competence to children’s short and long-term well-being has sparked interest in the factors that contribute to its development, including temperament, a set of biologically based dispositions. A large body of work documents two types of temperamental dispositions associated with young children’s social functioning: reactivity and regulation. There is consensus about the detrimental effects of negative reactive tendencies, called negative affective reactivity (NA), and about the beneficial effects of regulatory tendencies, called effortful control (EC), on social functioning. Another reactive component of temperament, Extraversion/Surgency (E/S) is less consistent in its relation with social functioning. Although NA is exacerbated by lack of familiarity, its contribution to social functioning in novel and routine contexts has not been systematically addressed. Methods To test this study’s hypotheses, we devised a structured interview of adaptive responsiveness in context (ARC) which was completed by parents of preschoolers along with a comprehensive temperament questionnaire. Additionally, children completed an individually administered task measuring emotion-situation knowledge (N = 92) and their teachers completed a standard social competence questionnaire. Results and Discussion A path analysis that controlled for variance shared across contexts and temperamental traits showed that NA was the only unique predictor of social functioning in the Novel context, that EC was the only unique predictor of social functioning in the Routine context and that E/S was not a unique predictor of social functioning in either context. Bivariate analyses, conducted without controlling for context overlap, showed all reactive emotional traits (subsumed within NA and E/S) to correlate exclusively with ARC in the Novel contexts. However, regulatory traits showed a mixed pattern. Inhibitory Control correlated with ARC in both contexts but more highly in the Routine context, and Perceptual Sensitivity correlated with ARC in the Novel context.
DETERMINATION OF LEAD METAL POLLUTION ALONG THE TRANS EUROPEAN MOTORWAY AGRICULTURAL SOILS BY ICP-OE SPECTROMETERS

Environment pollution is a big problem for our country and all over the world, nowadays. Heavy metal pollution is very important in environmental pollution. It was investigated lead pollution of near the motorway agricultural lands in this research. For this purpose, 25 different agricultural areas for each edge of motorway and total 50 soil samples were taken from research areas in Tekirdağ. Then extractable lead contents of soil samples were determined. According to the results, lead contents of soil samples were determined between 1,346 and 6,546 mg kg. These results were compared with critical values of this heavy metal. Lead pollution was obtained in research area soils. Lead pollution ratio was 60 % in the research are soils. According to the research results it should be recommended phytoremediation methods application in the research are lands for the improvement of lead pollution.
Design and Development of Degradable Polyethylenimines for Delivery of DNA and Small Interfering RNA: An Updated Review

Polyethylenimine (PEI), considered as the most potent and promising alternative carrier to viral vectors, has been studied as the “state of the art” among various polymers for nonviral gene delivery applications for many years. Although PEI-based carrier minimizes the bottlenecks associated with viral vectors such as unwanted immunogenicity and production problems, the toxic side effects of PEI prevent its rapid advancements due to nondegradable nature. In this regard, various degradable cross-linking and/or grafting agents have been linked to synthesize degradable PEIs in order to minimize the toxicity and improve the efficacy of PEI-mediated gene carriers. This paper describes an update on various cross-linkers and grafting agents in the design and development of degradable PEI derivatives and their potential applications for effective delivery of DNA in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weight (MW) of PEI and the structural relationship to its cellular toxicity and transfection ability were also discussed. Finally, the potential applications of various degradable PEIs for small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing were also covered.
A Loose-Coupled Fusion of Inertial and UWB Assisted by a Decision-Making Algorithm for Localization of Emergency Responders

Combining different technologies is gaining significant popularity among researchers and industry for the development of indoor positioning systems (IPSs). These hybrid IPSs emerge as a robust solution for indoor localization as the drawbacks of each technology can be mitigated or even eliminated by using complementary technologies. However, fusing position estimates from different technologies is still very challenging and, therefore, a hot research topic. In this work, we pose fusing the ultrawideband (UWB) position estimates with the estimates provided by a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) by using a Kalman filter. To improve the IPS accuracy, a decision-making algorithm was developed that aims to assess the usability of UWB measurements based on the identification of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. Three different data fusion algorithms are tested, based on three different time-of-arrival positioning algorithms, and experimental results show a localization accuracy of below 1.5 m for a 99th percentile.
Entrenching Democracy and Good Governance: The Role of ICT

With the rapid spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), new opportunities have been opened for a revival of public discourse and improved governance efficiency. ICTs offer concrete opportunities for local and national governments to improve their performance in terms of transparency, participation and decentralization. The mainstreaming of ICTs within planning and design of development strategies helps to strengthen the establishment of efficient, effective and transparent governance systems. This paper takes a critical look at Democracy and Governance. What constitute Good Governance was also itemized. The role of ICT in entrenching Democracy and Good Governance was also discussed. Finally, conclusion was drawn and recommendations for way forward were given. Keyword: Good Governance, Democracy, e-Democracy, e-Governance, and ICT.
Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids, FADS1 and Risk of 15 Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomisation Study

Whether circulating fatty acids (FAs) play a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomisation study to explore the associations between plasma phospholipid FA levels and 15 CVDs. Summary-level data from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, MEGASTROKE, and Atrial Fibrillation consortia and UK Biobank were used. Sixteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ten plasma FAs were used as instrumental variables. SNPs in or close to the FADS1 gene were associated with most FAs. We performed a secondary analysis of the association between a functional variant (rs174547) in FADS1, which encodes 𝛥5-desaturase (a key enzyme in the endogenous FA synthesis), and CVD. Genetic predisposition to higher plasma α-linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acid levels was associated with lower odds of large-artery stroke and venous thromboembolism, whereas higher arachidonic and stearic acid levels were associated with higher odds of these two CVDs. The associations were driven by SNPs in or close to FADS1. In the secondary analysis, the minor allele of rs174547 in FADS1 was associated with significantly lower odds of any ischemic stroke, large-artery stroke, and venous thromboembolism and showed suggestive evidence of inverse association with coronary artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm and aortic valve stenosis. Genetically higher plasma α-linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acid levels are inversely associated with large-artery stroke and venous thromboembolism, whereas arachidonic and stearic acid levels are positively associated with these CVDs. The associations were driven by FADS1, which was also associated with other CVDs.
Linking mineralogy and spectroscopy of highly aqueously altered CM and CI carbonaceous chondrites in preparation for primitive asteroid sample return

The highly hydrated, petrologic type 1 CM and CI carbonaceous chondrites likely derived from primitive, water‐rich asteroids, two of which are the targets for JAXA's Hayabusa2 and NASA's OSIRIS‐REx missions. We have collected visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) and mid infrared (MIR) reflectance spectra from well‐characterized CM1/2, CM1, and CI1 chondrites and identified trends related to their mineralogy and degree of secondary processing. The spectral slope between 0.65 and 1.05 μm decreases with increasing total phyllosilicate abundance and increasing magnetite abundance, both of which are associated with more extensive aqueous alteration. Furthermore, features at ~3 μm shift from centers near 2.80 μm in the intermediately altered CM1/2 chondrites to near 2.73 μm in the highly altered CM1 chondrites. The Christiansen features (CF) and the transparency features shift to shorter wavelengths as the phyllosilicate composition of the meteorites becomes more Mg‐rich, which occurs as aqueous alteration proceeds. Spectra also show a feature near 6 μm, which is related to the presence of phyllosilicates, but is not a reliable parameter for estimating the degree of aqueous alteration. The observed trends can be used to estimate the surface mineralogy and the degree of aqueous alteration in remote observations of asteroids. For example, (1) Ceres has a sharp feature near 2.72 μm, which is similar in both position and shape to the same feature in the spectra of the highly altered CM1 MIL 05137, suggesting abundant Mg‐rich phyllosilicates on the surface. Notably, both OSIRIS‐REx and Hayabusa2 have onboard instruments which cover the VNIR and MIR wavelength ranges, so the results presented here will help in corroborating initial results from Bennu and Ryugu.
ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF BREYNIA VITIS-IDAEA (BURM.F) C. FISHER LEAVES BY USING HEPG2 CELL LINE

Cancer is the third leading cause of death worldwide preceded by cardiovascular and infectious diseases. It is a genetic term for a group of more than 100 diseases that can affect any part of the body. Management of cancer is still a challenge to modern medicine and allopathic medicine has little to offer for the alleviation of cellular proliferation ailments. Although there are many therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy to treat cancer but high systemic toxicity and drug resistance limit the successful outcomes in most cases. The study was aimed to evaluate the anti cancer activity of the leaves of Breynia vitis-idaea (burm.f) c. fisher (Euphorbiaceae). One such approach could be a combination of an effective photochemical with chemotherapeutic agents, which when combined would enhance the efficacy while reducing toxicity to normal tissue. The ethanol and aqueous extracts were tested for its anti cancer potential. The information available on the pharmacological activity of this plant is very limited. Hence a attempt have been made to carry out in vitro anti-cancer activity of the plant on liver cancer cell lines which gave promising results.
Improvements in the Welfare of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Aquaculture Systems through Advances in Husbandry Practices

Atlantic salmon is the most economically important farmed fish in Europe, especially in the coastal areas within the north, including Norway and Scotland (Stewart et al., 2012). In recent years, the issue of fish welfare in production systems such as Atlantic salmon farming, has become a topic of increasing concern and interest to the scientific community and the general public (Noble et al., 2012). Although there are scientific discrepancies about whether fish have cognitive capabilities and can respond physiologically to noxious stimuli, it is now widely accepted that fish can sense pain (Jones et al., 2012). As a result, production strategies for improving fish welfare, such as by changes in husbandry practices, are being researched and implemented (Noble et al., 2012). This paper examines the recent advances in husbandry practices within Atlantic salmon production and their welfare benefits to fish in aquaculture systems.
Current and Controversial Features of Cardiovascular Damage from Cigarette Smoking

A great number of studies have undoubtedly demonstrated that cardiovascular damage from cigarette smoking cannot be denied, although some controversies on the topic still exist. The damage to the heart and blood vessels is initially characterized by transient functional alterations consisting of endothelial dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate following acute exposure. On the contrary, chronic exposure to smoking develops, at the time, firstly reversible and, then, irreversible lesions mainly involving myocardium with an ischemic damage and smoke cardiomyopathy as well as coronary, carotid and cerebral arteries, which display atherosclerotic pathology. The analysis of the epidemiological studies on cardiovascular damage support the controversies on the effects of smoking, because not the same alterations are sometimes observed in different studies on the topic. However, when standardized experimental procedures are followed, the same alterations are clearly reproduced showing that cardiovascular damage from cigarette smoking cannot be denied.
Giant intracranial aneurysms: natural history and 1-year case fatality after endovascular or surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE Clinical evidence on giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs), intracranial aneurysms with a diameter of at least 25 mm, is limited. The authors aimed to investigate the natural history, case fatality, and treatment outcomes of ruptured and unruptured GIAs. METHODS In this international observational registry study, patients with a ruptured or unruptured GIA received conservative management (CM), surgical management (SM), or endovascular management (EM). The authors investigated rupture rates and case fatality. RESULTS The retrospective cohort comprised 219 patients with GIAs (21.9% ruptured GIAs and 78.1% unruptured GIAs) whose index hospitalization occurred between January 2006 and November 2016. The index hospitalization in the prospective cohort (362 patients with GIAs [17.1% ruptured and 82.9% unruptured]) occurred between December 2008 and February 2017. In the retrospective cohort, the risk ratio for death at a mean follow-up of 4.8 years (SD 2.2 years) after CM, compared with EM and SM, was 1.63 (95% CI 1.23-2.16) in ruptured GIAs and 3.96 (95% CI 2.57-6.11) in unruptured GIAs. In the prospective cohort, the 1-year case fatality in ruptured GIAs/unruptured GIAs was 100%/22.0% during CM, 36.0%/3.0% after SM, and 39.0%/12.0% after EM. Corresponding 1-year rupture rates in unruptured GIAs were 25.0% during CM, 1.2% after SM, and 2.5% after EM. In unruptured GIAs, the HR for death within the 1st year in patients with posterior circulation GIAs was 6.7 (95% CI 1.5-30.4, p < 0.01), with patients with a GIA at the supraclinoid internal carotid artery as reference. Different sizes of unruptured GIAs were not associated with 1-year case fatality. CONCLUSIONS Rupture rates for unruptured GIAs were high, and the natural history and treatment outcomes for ruptured GIAs were poor. Patients undergoing SM or EM showed lower case fatality and rupture rates than those undergoing CM. This difference in outcome may in part be influenced by patients in the CM group having been found poor candidates for SM or EM.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02066493 (clinicaltrials.gov).
The P-Type Module with Virtual DC Links to Increase Levels in Multilevel Inverters

There has been an active interest in the evolution of newer multilevel inverter topologies in which the highest operation of DC sources become an important subject. In the paper, a new structure module presented a seventeen levels asymmetrical multilevel inverter by using two unequal DC sources (with the ratio 3:1). The configuration was focused on creating virtual DC links by two chargeable capacitors. The module had a simple inherent charging for capacitors without any additional circuit. The proposed multilevel inverter could produce higher voltage levels by a lower number of components; therefore, it is suitable for a wide range of applications. Also, the cascade connection of the module led to a modular topology with more voltage levels at higher voltages. The capability of the inherent negative voltage was involved. The simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink, as well as the experimental results, verified the proposed topology.
Flood Control Operation Model of Reservoir Using CSUDP

Abstract The purpose of this study is development of operation model for flood control of multi-reservoir in river basin, which can provide the best decision of reservoir release in timely and appropriately manner using CSUDP. For verification and validation of the developed system, the Gum River Basin was selected, which has 82 rainfall gauging stations, 28 water level gauging and 2 multi-purpose reservoirs which can control flood. There was a successful simulation of the developed model and system, using the real-time data from the Han River Basin Flood Forecast Center. Specially, case study for '1995 flood was performed.
STERNUM AS AN INDEX FOR DETERMINATION OF SEX

Corresponding Author: Dr. Rashmi Jaiswal, 185, Rachna Nagar,Bhopal (MP), 462023, India. Mob no -09425029067 E-Mail: rashmijwal@yahoo.com Background: To examine human bones is a challenge for experts, especially in deceased and also for determination of sex for medico-legal purpose. Measurement of the sternum is done by many authors for determination of sex. Sternum was measured for length of manubrium, length of mesosternum and combined length of manubrium and mesosternum. The data was statistically analysed. Method: The present study was done on 65 human sternums(46 Males and 19 Females). Sternum was extracted from cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal and Sternum from Autopsy bodies in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal. (MP),India. Results: If the combined length of a sternum is less than 150 mm then it is of female sternum, if it exceeds 150 mm, it is of male sternum. The mean Sternal Index in male was 43.43 and in females 41.132. 89.13% of male and 21.05% of female specimen obey the Hyrtl’s law. Conclusion: The combined length of manubrium and mesosternum is considered as the most important parameter, which when applied to an individual specimen can help in sexing the sterna correctly in our study.
A Hybrid Mapping Method with Position and Stiffness for Manipulator Teleoperation

Transferring versatile skills of human behavior to teleoperate manipulators to execute tasks with large uncertainties is challenging in robotics. This paper proposes a hybrid mapping method with position and stiffness for manipulator teleoperation through the exoskeleton device combining with the surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors. Firstly, according to the redefinition of robot workspace, the fixed scale mapping in free space and virtual impedance mapping in fine space are presented for position teleoperation. Secondly, the stiffness at the human arm endpoint is predicted and classified into three levels based on the K nearest neighbor (KNN) and XGBoost, and the stiffness mapping method is utilized to regulate the stiffness behavior of manipulator. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated in three complementary experiments, namely the trajectory tracking in free space, the obstacle avoidance in fine space and the human robot interaction in contact space, which illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
IDENTIFICATION OF PBT AND VPVB SUBSTANCES RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE PBT/VPVB PROPERTIES OF:

of how the substance meets the CMR (Cat 1 or 2), PBT or vPvB criteria, or is considered to be a substance of an equivalent level of concern A fish bioaccumulation study (OECD TG 305) was requ sted for MCCPs under Commission Regulation (EC) No. 466/2008, with a deadline of 30 November 2008. This study has now been completed and is summarised in this evaluation report, together with a further fish bioconcentration study with C 13 chlorinated paraffins. These data are reasonably c onsistent with the existing data on bioconcentration of MCCPs in fish. In addition, biodegradation data for several chlorinated paraffins have become avail ble, and these studies have also been reviewed. The PBT assessment is complicated because both the biod gradability and bioconcentration factor of MCCP constituents depend on chlorine cont ent and chain length, and the trends in these are opposite (i.e. persistence appears to inc rease with increasing chlorine content whilst the bioconcentration factor appears to decrease). T h constituents of the commercial products C14H24Cl6
Development and in vitro evaluation of gas generating floating tablets of metformin hydrochloride

Metformin HCl is an anti-hyperglycaemic agent having oral bioavailability of 52±5% due to its selective absorption from upper part of gastrointestinal tract. It has biological half-life of 1.74±0.2 hours, hence the development of floating sustained release drug delivery system is recommended in order to enhance the bioavailability. The high dose of metformin HCl in the form of SR dosage form results in increased tablet weight and dimensions making the dosage form difficult to be swallowed by the patient. The present investigation deals with use of minimum proportions of natural polymers for drug release control by utilizing the advantage of interactions of gums resulting in enhanced matrix strength.