Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La mobilisation des acides gras et leur utilisation dans le tissu adipeux : une nouvelle donne

L'exces de masse grasse a de multiples consequences nefastes pour la sante et est a l'origine de complications metaboliques comme le diabete de type 2, des problemes cardiovasculaires et certains cancers. Une deregulation du metabolisme des lipides est depuis longtemps reconnue comme un facteur favorisant l'apparition d'une obesite et du syndrome metabolique. Les travaux realises ces dernieres annees ont permis de mettre en evidence un systeme de mobilisation des lipides beaucoup plus complexe que celui imagine jusqu'a present, avec l'implication des peptides natriuretiques dans le controle hormonal et la decouverte d'une nouvelle lipase des triglycerides, l'ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase). Parallelement les mecanismes de la re-esterification et de l'oxydation des acides gras pourraient etre actives afin de favoriser l'utilisation locale des acides gras. Le ciblage des differentes etapes cles de ce metabolisme (lipolyse adipocytaire, utilisation des acides gras) constitue une strategie potentielle de lutte contre l'obesite et le syndrome metabolique.
Book Reviews

Baer, Kenneth S. Reinventing Democrats: The Politics of Liberalism from Reagan to Clinton. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000. Pp. xi, 361. $29.95, hardbound. Canon, David T. Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. Pp.'xiv, 324. $50.00, hardbound; $18.00, paper. Crabb, Cecil V. , Glenn J. Antizzo, and Leila E. Sarieddine. Congress and the Foreign Policy Process: Modes of Legislative Behavior. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000. Pp. xi, 247. $39.95, hardbound; $24.95, softbound. Goldstein, Kenneth M. Interest Groups, Lobbying, and Participation in America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp xii, 158. $49.95, hardbound; $16.95, softbound. Gronke, Paul. The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Office: A Unified Approach to Senate and House Elections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. Pp. xiv, 202. $39.50, hardbound. Jones, Charles O. Clinton and Congress: Risk, Restoration, and Reelection. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999. Pp. xvi, 221. $26.95, hardbound. Landy, Marc, and Sidney M. Milkis. Presidential Greatness. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2000. Pp. 288. $34.95, hardbound. Morris, Irwin L. Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve: The Politics of American Monetary Policy-Making. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. Pp. vii, 165. $39.50, hardbound. Palazzolo, Daniel J. Done Deal: The Politics of the 1997 Budget Agreement. New York: Chatham House Publishers, 1999. Pp. xii, 244. $24.95, softbound. Uslaner, Eric M. The Movers and the Shirkers: Representatives and Ideologues in the Senate. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 234. $44.50, hardbound.
Implementation of forest certification in Sweden: an issue of organisation and communication

The goal of nature conservation is often implemented on productive forest land largely by means of forest certification – a market-driven, voluntary system of third-party verification of the fulfilment of specific goals. This study assesses how certification requirements are being implemented in various organisations in the forest sector at various levels, and the problems and opportunities identified at each level in order to implement the requirements of the standard. Based on interviews with 34 stakeholders in Sweden, the study demonstrates that forest certification is a communication issue: it places great demands on communication or “information logistics” between different parts of the felling and forest management chain, from the top management to the contractor in the field. Integration with environmental performance systems, clarity in the division of responsibility, formalisation of requirements for forest planning and further integration of a culture of continuous improvement and internal reporting could support implementation of the certification system.
The Work-based Learning Route in the Netherlands and in England: Comparing ideas and meanings

The paper provides the outcomes of two small-scale sets of interviews carried out in the Netherlands and in England on views about and interpretations of the work-based route for young people. In the light of current revival of interest in work-based learning for young people, and in particular the apprenticeship model in England, I was particularly interested in the issue of parity of esteem between the work-based route and other routes. Whereas in the Netherlands the focus for the development of Vocational Education and Training (VET) is on the full-time vocational route, which has a reasonably high status, England has opted for the apprenticeship route to be the development tool for high quality VET. The paper explores what we can learn about our own experiences in England in the light of what is happening elsewhere (Raffe, 1998; Raffe et al ., 1999). It becomes clear from the data obtained that policy development in the Netherlands aims to increase the status of work-based learning through incorporating the route into the full-time route and providing end qualifications that can be achieved through either a full-time college-based route or through a work-based learning route. The modern apprenticeship route or work-based learning route as such has not a high status, contrary to what is sometimes claimed to be the case. In England, the aim of policymakers is to create a work-based learning route, which is considered to be a high quality route, and is comparable to the general/academic route. The paper shows that there are various reasons as to why this attempt might fail. Both countries aim to provide a 'ladder' or 'column' of opportunities in VET. The research shows that very few young people in fact move up a ladder, but rather move into work-based learning or apprenticeships at certain points on the continuum, and subsequently move sideways into general or theoretical provision in order to be able to progress higher up. Target groups for work-based learning are different at the lower end from those at levels 3, 4 and 5. Very few participants in either country move from level 1 up to level 4 through participation in a work-based route, and it may therefore be appropriate to talk about the provision of a climbing framework, where young people move backwards and forwards and sideways, rather than about a ladder of opportunities.
Is Bipartisanship Dead? Policy Agreement and Agenda-Setting in the House of Representatives.

Few topics in American politics have garnered more attention (or concern) in recent years than the intense polarization that characterizes modern political parties. The conventional wisdom among most observers of Congress is that legislators have become increasingly emboldened in polarized partisan positions, which has rendered them less willing to compromise with their colleagues across the aisle. Such a political climate, many feel, has normatively undesirable implications for policy outcomes and democratic accountability more generally. Yet, much of what we know about polarization stems from analysis of legislative voting behavior. In her new book Is Bipartisanship Dead? , Laurel Harbridge suggests that undue reliance on roll call votes to gauge party polarization in Congress potentially biases conclusions regarding the severity of polarization. Central to Professor Harbridge’s argument is the notion that two separate mechanisms are at play in generating observed voting behavior: members’ preferences, which shape their legislative decisions, and the agenda, which determines the alternatives available to them. If scholars conceptualize polarization as a preference-driven phenomenon, but measure it using roll call votes, then it is exceedingly difficult to disentangle preferences from agenda effects using this measurement strategy. Thus, she suggests that one must look to pre-agenda stages of the legislative process to better understand the potential for bipartisan compromise that may exist. In particular, she proposes studying polarization by way of co-sponsorship behavior. To explore the occurrence of bipartisan cooperation absent agenda effects, Professor Harbridge first defines “bipartisan” bills as those in which at least 20% of the cosponsors are members of the sponsor’s opposition party. Although this might strike the reader as a somewhat arbitrary categorization scheme, it both facilitates the discussion and proves robust to alternative thresholds. A central finding of this study is that marked stability exists in the proportion of bipartisan bills across time, meaning that leaders have been presented with comparable opportunities for bipartisanship when structuring the agenda. In fact, the percentage of bipartisan bills in the early 1970s is virtually
Effects of supplementation of multi-enzyme and multi-species probiotic on production performance, egg quality, cholesterol level and immune system in laying hens

A study was conducted to evaluate enzyme and probiotic feed supplements as alternative feed additives to alleviate the problems associated with the withdrawal of antibiotics from layer diet. A total of 180 Hy-Line W-98 hens, 40 weeks old, were assigned into four treatment groups so that there were 45 laying hens in each group. Four dietary treatments were randomly assigned to the four groups of hens. Hens in Group 1 were fed basal diet only (negative control), Group 2 was fed basal diet + antibiotic at a level of 2.0 g/kg (positive control), Group 3 was fed basal diet + multi-enzyme at a level of 2.0 g/kg (ES) and Group 4 was fed basal diet + multi-species probiotic at a level of 0.5 g/kg (PS). The results showed that addition of either enzyme or probiotic supplementation to the basal diet significantly increased the egg production, egg weight and egg mass of hens than the negative control group. There was no significant difference in feed intake among treatments, although the feed conversion improved with the addition of antibiotic, enzyme and probiotic than the negative control. Over the 70-day trial period, weight gain was higher than the negative control for birds fed the diet containing probiotic. There was no significant effect on mortality during the study. Haugh unit score was significantly increased in the groups fed the ES and PS diets when compared with negative control group. Egg shape index, specific gravity, yolk index, shell weight, shell thickness and damaged eggs did not differ significantly among the laying hens of all dietary groups. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly increased by probiotic supplementation compared with other dietary groups. Dietary treatments did not influence eosinophils and monocytes, increased lymphocyte and decreased heterophil and H:L ratio. The geometric means haemagglutination inhibition titres of birds fed on diets containing antibiotic, enzyme and probiotic supplementation were higher from 28 to 70 days than that of negative control. It may be concluded that the supplementation of enzyme and probiotic in layer diets did not appear to cause any adverse effects on egg production, egg quality and immunity compared with the negative control laying hens and non-antibiotic feed additives can be used as alternative. Moreover, the dietary supplementation of probiotic may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken eggs as demanded by health-conscious consumers.
Evaluation of Mobile Data Oﬄoading Protocol with Place Wise Oﬄoading

: The demand for mobile data communication is increasing rapidly. Furthermore, as a feature of the traﬃc, there are two localities “temporal locality” and “regional locality”. In order to solve these localities of the traﬃc, we have proposed Mobile Data Oﬄoading Protocol (MDOP). MDOP controls the delay tolerant data such as the data of cloud sync storage and uploading the data of drive recorder and so on. Furthermore, MDOP balances the load of eNBs using three oﬄoading methods of time-wise oﬄoading, place-wise oﬄoading and link-wise oﬄoading. MDOP has not yet solved regional locality problems; hence we propose the place-wise oﬄoading in MDOP. We evaluated the performance through network simulation with mobility scenario based on real world user’s mobility. From these results, it was conﬁrmed that the place-wise oﬄoading was able to send more data by staying user in high load eNBs, send more data at low load eNBs and peak shift of mobile traﬃc localities by using delay tolerant data.
Book Review

Taylor and Francis Ltd GCJR_A_201331. sgm 10.1080/10282580601014367 Contemporary Justice Review 28-2580 (pri t)/1477-2248 (online) B ok Review 2 06 & Francis 940 000December 2006 rdonBaz ore b zemor@f u.edu Karp, D. R. , & Allena, T. (Eds.). (2004). Restorative justice on college campuses: Promoting student growth and responsibility, and reawakening the spirit of campus community. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. 267 pp (hardcover).
Functional identification of rat atypical β‐adrenoceptors by the first β3‐selective antagonists, aryloxypropanolaminotetralins

1 We have assessed the relative abilities of compounds belonging to the new aryloxypropanolaminotetralin (APAT) class and of the reference β‐adrenoceptor‐blocking agent, alprenolol, to antagonize functional responses in vitro and in vivo involving atypical (β3) or conventional (β1 and β2) β‐adrenoceptors. 2 The range of pA2 values for three representative APATs against inhibition of spontaneous motility in the rat isolated colon by the selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, SR 58611A (8.1–8.8), was well above similarly calculated values for non‐competitive antagonism of guinea‐pig trachea relaxation by salbutamol (β2, 6.5–6.9) and the atrial chronotropic response by isoprenaline (β1, 6.7‐7.3). Alprenolol, however, was substantially more potent in antagonizing atrial (pA2, 8.2) and tracheal (pA2, 8.9) responses than SR 58611A mediated inhibition of colonic motility (pA2, 6.8). 3 Several APAT isomers with different configurations at the chiral carbons, when tested on isolated organs, presented stringent stereochemical requirements for β3‐selectivity, including high antagonist potency‐ratios between active and inactive enantiomers. 4 In vivo, the inhibition of colonic motility and the thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue elicited in rats by the selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonists SR 58611A and BRL 37344 respectively were substantially diminished by the representative APAT, SR 59230A, at oral doses (≤5 mg kg−1) well below those half maximally effective (ID50) for preventing β1‐(isoprenaline tachycardia ≥80 mg kg−1) or β2‐(salbutamol bronchodilatation, 44 mg kg−1) mediated responses. Alprenolol, as expected, was a less potent and nonselective antagonist of the putative β3‐responses. 5 These findings support APATs as the first potent, orally effective selective antagonists at β3‐adrenoceptors, and provide final unambiguous evidence that β3‐adrenoceptors underlie inhibition of colonic motility and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats
Temporal Stability Patterns in Fish Species Richness, Diversity, and Evenness in Otter Creek, Vigo County, IN

Abstract We used abundance data from fish-population studies (1962–2010) on Otter Creek at Markle's Dam, Vigo County, IN, to examine temporal variation in stream-fish assemblages. Species-richness variation showed a declining trend during the 50 year study period with a mean of 49 ± 8.8 species per decade (range = 39–62 species). Cumulative study species richness comprised 76 fish species with a mean of 21.3 ± 6.1 species collected per sampling event. Dominant species, based on relative abundance during the 50 year period, included Cyprinella spiloptera (Spotfin Shiner), Pimephales notatus (Bluntnose Minnow), Hybognathus nuchalis (Mississippi Silvery Minnow), and Luxilus chrysocephalus (Striped Shiner). Relative abundance of Spotfin Shiner showed an increasing trend during the 50-year study period, whereas Bluntnose Minnow relative abundance showed a decreasing trend. Cumulative frequency-distribution of species richness normalized by decade showed no significant difference, with the exception of the 1970s, which showed a steep decline in the number of species. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no significant differences in species diversity (H') or evenness (Pielou's J) over the 5-decade study period. Eleven cool-water species including Chrosomus erythrogaster (Southern Redbelly Dace), Perca flavescens (Yellow Perch), Catostomus commersonii (White Sucker), and Ambloplites rupestris (Rock Bass), and lithophilic spawning species such as Nocomis micropogon (River Chub) and Hybopsis amblops (Bigeye Chub) were extirpated during the study period. Potential changes in sedimentation and thermal gradients may have contributed to these observed extirpations.
L-arginine impact on cherry rootstock rooting and biochemical characteristics in tissue culture

In the present study, the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) separately and simultaneously with L-arginine on the morphogenic and biochemical responses in the cherry rootstocks CAB-6P (Prunus cerasus L.) and Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) were investigated. In the CAB-6P rootstock, the best root number and root length results were obtained with 2 mg L1 IBA plus 0.5 mg L1 L-arginine and 1 mg L1 IBA plus 1 mg L1 L-arginine, respectively. The rooting percentage was highest (100%) with 2 mg L1 IBA alone or combined with 1 mg L1 L-arginine. In the Gisela 6 explants, 2 mg L1 IBA without L-arginine significantly enhanced root number (9.27) and root fresh and dry weight, as well as rooting percentage (100%). Root length was longest (38 mm) in the combination of the lowest IBA (0.5 mg L1) and highest L-arginine (2 mg L1) concentrations. Thus, L-arginine promotes the positive effect of IBA on rooting with regard to both root number and root length in both cherry rootstocks. In the CAB-6P explants, L-arginine combined with IBA had an inhibitory effect on leaf chlorophyll content, whereas in the Gisela 6 rootstock it had absolutely no effect. In the CAB-6P rootstock, depleted levels of proline in roots were observed, showing the osmoregulation and osmotic adjustment mechanisms. The carbohydrate concentration in leaves was greatest with 0.5 mg L1 IBA plus 0.5 mg L1 L-arginine, and in roots with 2 mg L1 IBA plus 0.5 mg L1 L-arginine. In the Gisela 6 explants, IBA (1 and 2 mg L1) applied both alone and along with L-arginine, as well as the combination of the lowest IBA (0.5 mg L1) and the highest L-arginine (2 mg L1) concentrations, considerably increased leaf carbohydrate concentration compared to the control. In roots, carbohydrate concentration was maximum with 2 mg L1 IBA plus 0.5 mg L1 L-arginine. The elevated levels of proline in roots with 1 mg L1 IBA plus 0.5 mg L1 L-arginine indicate stressful conditions.
Minisuíno (minipig) na pesquisa biomédica experimental: o Minipig br1

Different species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals have been used in experimental investigation. In this report a brief review on the use of swine in biomedical research and the similarities of the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and immunology of this specie with those of man is presented. It is also reviewed the development in the 60th of the minipig and the achievements obtained with this animal model in distinct areas of experimental medicine. Finally, the basic characteristics of a colony of minipigs developed by the author are described. The conditions these animals are feed, housed, vaccinated and breed are described. They weight from 10-15 kilos when six months of age and from 30-37 kilos with 11 months of age. The possible contribution of this animal model for the development of experimental surgery and other areas of animal experimentation in this country is discussed.
987P fimbriae from porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: Characterization, N-terminal amino acid sequence and immunization with purified antigen

The 987P fimbrial antigen was purified from a spontaneous overproducing variant. The protein was characterized with respect to Mr, amino acid sequence and partial covalent structure. The purified protein was used for vaccination trials, and excellent protection of piglets upon challenge with 987P positive enterotoxigenic strains was seen.
Developing alternative indices of reproductive potential for use in fisheries management: case studies for stocks spanning an information gradient

There is accumulating evidence to suggest that spawning stock biomass (SSB) may not be directly proportional to reproductive potential. The wide-ranging implications of this conclusion necessitate that it be tested for as many stocks as possible. Undertaking such tests is complicated by the fact that fish stocks vary in the amount and type of information that is available to estimate reproductive potential. In this review, nine stocks illustrate the range of approaches that are being taken to developing alternative indices of reproductive potential from existing data resources. Three stocks had sufficient data to reconstruct a time series of total egg production (TEP), whereas, the remaining stocks were limited to estimating proxies for stock reproductive potential. For some of the case studies the alternative indices explained a higher amount of recruitment variation than did SSB. Other case studies provided evidence that characteristics of the spawning stock, e.g. age diversity and female-only SSB, influence recruitment in ways that are not properly accounted for by using SSB as the sole index of reproductive potential. This is further evidence that the assumption of proportionality between SSB and TEP is invalid. The data-rich stocks showed the relationship between SSB and TEP to be variable and characterized by distinct time trends. This variability will impact the ability of biomass-based reference points to conserve reproductive potential. Consequently, management protocols should be adapted to incorporate the detailed information on reproductive potential that is increasingly becoming available rather than being restricted to approaches that have been designed for data-poor situations.
Soil water retention curves for the major soil types of the Kruger National Park

Soil water potential is crucial to plant transpiration and thus to carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions, yet it is difficult to measure in the field. Volumetric and gravimetric water contents are easy and cheap to measure in the field, but can be a poor proxy of plant-available water. Soil water content can be transformed to water potential using soil moisture retention curves. We provide empirically derived soil moisture retention curves for seven soil types in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Site-specific curves produced excellent estimates of soil water potential from soil water content values. Curves from soils derived from the same geological substrate were similar, potentially allowing for the use of one curve for basalt soils and another for granite soils. It is anticipated that this dataset will help hydrologists and ecophysiologists understand water dynamics, carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions under current and changing climatic conditions in the region.