Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UVB Monochromatic Action Spectrum for the Inhibition of Photosynthetic Oxygen Production in the Green Alga Dunaliella salina

The effect of monochromatic UVB (280–315 nm) irradiation on the photosynthetic activity of the marine green alga Dunaliella salina was investigated by monitoring the rate of oxygen exchange. Samples were irradiated with narrow bands centered at different UV wavelengths (281, 290, 300, 310 and 322 nm). In a first set of experiments the samples were preirradiated keeping constant the irradiance and varying exposure time. By increasing UVB fluence, a wavelength‐dependent decrease in the rate of oxygen production was observed. In a second set of experiments oxygen exchange was monitored simultaneously to UVB irradiation. The decline in the rate of oxygen production was sharper at short wavelengths and faster with increasing UVB photon flux density. The photon fluence action spectra derived from the two sets of experiments are in good agreement and indicate a decrease in the UVB‐inhibiting effectiveness of two orders of magnitude from about 0.2 (mmol m‐2)‐1 at 281 nm to about 0.003 (mmol m‐2)‐1 at 322 nm. The photon flux density action spectrum derived from the second set of experiments indicates a smoother decrease from about 0.2 (pmol s‐l m‐2)‐1 at 281 nm to about 0.05 (pmol s‐l m‐z)‐l at 310 nm.
p-type Phosphorus doped ZnO nanostructures: an electrical, optical, and magnetic properties study

Well-arranged/self-assembled ZnO platelets with durable and reproducible p-type conductivity were synthesized using PCl5 as a dopant source via a simple low cost aqueous based chemical approach. Scanning electron microscopy and selected area diffraction pattern reveal pristine and doped ZnO nanostructures which are single-crystalline and grown predominantly along the [0002] direction. Split UV emission peaks in the photoluminescence spectra are located at 3.324 and 3.2714 eV, which could be attributed to acceptor bound exciton and free electrons to the acceptor emission, respectively. The relative intensity of defect-related broad-band emission (with respect to UV emission) ranging from 480–750 nm is enhanced significantly (ID/IUV = 1–0.056) in doped nanostructures, rendering the creation of defects. A systematic evaluation of room temperature ferromagnetism is found in pristine and doped ZnO nanostructures. p-type Doping is confirmed by photoluminescence spectra and the I–V characteristic of phosphorus doped ZnO nanoplatelets.
Using priority queuing for congestion control in IoT‐based technologies for IoT applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) connect millions of devices in diverse areas such as smart cities, e‐health, transportation and defense to meet a wide range of human needs. To provide these services, a large amount of data needs to be transmitted to the IoT network servers. However, the IoT networks suffer from limited resources such as buffer size, node processing capabilities, and server capacities adversely affecting throughputs, latency, and energy consumption. Additionally, the ensuing heavy network traffic due to large amount of data transmitted results in congestion which degrades IoT network performance. Therefore, innovative congestion control techniques, e.g., queue management approach needs to be developed to overcome congestion problems in IoT networks. In this paper, a novel priority queuing technique (Npqt++) is developed to control congestion in IoT networks. The Npqt++ implements a preemptive/nonpreemptive discipline with a discretion rule to classify network traffic based on their real‐time requirement into priority groups. If the discretion rule for low priority packets is satisfied, high priority packets are pushed to the front of the queue; otherwise, they wait in the queue. Our approach significantly outperforms existing techniques in terms of throughput, delay, and energy consumption.
In Situ Characterization of Sn–Pt/SiO2 Catalysts Used in Low Temperature Oxidation of CO

Sn–Pt/SiO2 catalysts used in room temperature oxidation of CO were characterized by in situ techniques applying both Mossbauer and FTIR spectroscopy. The catalysts were prepared by an organometallic method (CSR) using 119Sn(CH3)4. The Mossbauer spectra revealed the presence of platinum-rich [PtSn(a)] and tin-rich [PtSn(b)] alloy species as the main tin-containing components accounting for more than 85% of tin after activation of the catalysts in hydrogen at 573 K. The results of Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that the oxidation of the less stable tin-rich PtSn(b) component, with looser Sn–Pt bonds, is primarily involved in surface reactions taking place in the low temperature CO oxidation. The oxidation of both PtSn(b) and PtSn(a) species leads to the formation of new species and sites, such as (i) a tin oxide phase, (ii) a mobile Sn4+(sf) species, (iii) platinum sites, and (iv) the appearance of a third alloy species, PtSn (1 : 1). The net result of this transformation is the formation of highly active “Sn4+–Pt” ensemble sites, where Sn4+ sites are in the atomic closeness of Pt. In both CO oxidation and subsequent reactivation in hydrogen a reversible PtSn(b)↔Sn4++Pt interconversion takes place at room temperature. The probability of the Mossbauer effect, fA (approximated by d ln(A300/A77/dT), indicates the surface location of the involved components. The results of in situ FTIR spectroscopy provided further proof for the above interconversion and unambiguous evidences of the involvement of both Pt-rich PtSn(a) and Sn-rich PtSn(b) alloy species in the above interconversion. The catalytic experiments are in full accordance with the results of spectroscopic measurements. The possible mode of activation of the CO molecule over the (110) surface of the PtSn (1 : 1) alloy was also modeled and calculated.
Use of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) via Multiple Imaging Modalities and Modifications to Reduce Cytotoxicity: An Educational Review

The aim of the present educational review on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is to inform and guide young scientists and students about the potential use and challenges associated with SPIONs. The present review discusses the basic concepts of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), basic construct of SPIONs, cytotoxic challenges associated with SPIONs, shape and sizes of SPIONs, site-specific accumulation of SPIONs, various methodologies applied to reduce cytotoxicity including coatings with various materials, and application of SPIONs in targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics (Doxorubicin), biotherapeutics (DNA, siRNA), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging applications.
Intangibilidade e o valor da empresa: uma análise do mercado acionário brasileiro

Visando preencher uma lacuna na literatura com relação aos impactos dos investimentos em ativos intangíveis no valor de mercado das companhias brasileiras, o presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar se existe associação entre o nível de intangibilidade e o valor de mercado das companhias abertas com ações negociadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3). A amostra compreende 158 companhias abertas não-financeiras listadas na B3, com dados disponíveis ao longo do período de 2010 a 2018. A coleta foi realizada através da base de dados Thomson Reuters Eikon. Os principais resultados evidenciam que, de fato, o nível de investimentos em ativos intangíveis das companhias apresenta uma relação positiva e estatisticamente significante com o valor de mercado. Assim, o investimento em ativos intangíveis desempenha, em especial, um papel de destaque entre os fatores específicos de desempenho da empresa, além de agirem como propulsores de vantagem competitiva. À luz da teoria do disclosure, infere-se que o fato de as empresas alcançarem uma maior valorização no mercado acionário, mediante o aumento no nível de investimentos realizados em ativos intangíveis, reporta à divulgação association-based, já que os efeitos da divulgação geram uma mudança agregada nas ações dos investidores, modificando o comportamento dos preços dos ativos e do volume de negociação. Ademais, os resultados apontam para consideráveis implicações para as empresas, gestores, acionistas e potenciais investidores. Na medida em que se compreende a influência positiva exercida pelo nível de investimento em ativos intangíveis no valor da empresa, pode-se inferir que benefícios fluirão dessa relação.
Creencias versus conocimiento en futuro profesorado. Un estudio comparado sobre neuromitos a nivel internacional

Los neuromitos son creencias sobre el cerebro y su funcionamiento, basadas en argumentaciones pseudocientíficas o malinterpretaciones de ciertos hallazgos. Estas ideas equivocadas pueden tener su origen, entre otros, en la transmisión de información errónea o mal explicada a través de medios masivos de comunicación, en el desconocimiento del lenguaje técnico utilizado en las neurociencias o el acceso limitado a fuentes primarias. Con el objeto de examinar si los resultados de investigaciones previas se replicaban en una muestra de habla hispana de futuro profesorado y así, evaluar el nivel de consciencia sobre neuromitos en esta población, se aplicó una versión traducida al español del cuestionario creado por Dekker et al. (2012). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 99 estudiantes de pedagogía de Chile y España. El instrumento contenía 32 aseveraciones sobre el cerebro y el aprendizaje, 12 de las cuales correspondían a neuromitos. Los resultados muestran una alta adhesión a neuromitos en ambos grupos de futuro personal docente. A pesar de la creciente evidencia que refuta varias de estas concepciones erróneas, los resultados permiten concluir que persiste una brecha de conocimiento neurocientífico en estos grupos. Las consecuencias de una incomprensión o tergiversación del conocimiento científico vigente en la práctica pedagógica nos impelen a insistir en una educación basada en la evidencia. No solo la lectura, sino también la selección e inclusión cuidadosa de fuentes científicas en la formación inicial de docentes son esenciales para formar docentes que lean crítica y reflexivamente para que puedan tomar decisiones pedagógicas fundadas en la evidencia científica disponible.
Using an enhanced SERVQUAL approach to assess service quality in Czech fitness centers

This study is focused on the issue of sport service validation in the fitness domain; it aims to propose a systematic procedure for evaluating the quality of services in the Czech fitness industry. Cross-cultural transfer and validation of the SERVQUAL method (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, Berry, 1988), which was originally validated for American customers, is discussed practically. The modified Czech version of the SERVQUAL questionnaire was the main tool of data collection in the market research of six fitness centers chosen randomly with a sum of 697 participants. Upon completion of data collection, the reliability of the model was repeatedly evaluated by means of SEM – Structural Equation Modelling. Based on the SEM results a hierarchical structured model was designed with a general factor and four factors corresponding to questionnaire subscales.
Properties of hydrogen sensitive C-Pd films obtained by PVD/CVD method

Structural, topographical and morphological changes of carbonaceous-palladium (C-Pd) films obtained by physical vapor deposition /chemical vapor deposition (PVD/CVD) method were studied. Effect of changes in these properties under the influence of CVD process temperature on the hydrogen sensitivity of these films is discussed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were used to investigate the topography and morphology of an initial (PVD) film and the film modified in CVD process (PVD/CVD film) at different temperatures. The changes of film’s morphology after modification performed at various temperatures (500, 550, 600, 650, 700 and 750°C) caused changes in their resistance. The electrical measurements carried out in the presence of gas containing 1vol % of hydrogen showed different sensing characteristics for various films. The highest hydrogen sensitivity and the fastest response were observed for films modified at the temperature of 500°C and 550°C. In SEM images on surface of these films palladium nanograins with different sizes were observed. For films modified at the temperatures higher than 600°C Pd nanograins placed under superficial very thin carbonaceous layer were found.
Indium tin oxide-free polymer solar cells using a PEDOT : PSS/Ag/PEDOT : PSS multilayer as a transparent anode

Cost-efficient indium tin oxide (ITO)-free polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on multilayer poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS)/Ag(15 nm)/PEDOT : PSS (PAP) as the anode were designed and achieved in this work. Compared with the ITO/PEDOT : PSS (IP) and Ag/PEDOT : PSS (AP) layers, the PAP layer showed acceptable optical transparency and electrical conductivity. The average transmittance (350–650 nm) and sheet resistance of PAP were measured to be 50.7% and 2.3 Ω, respectively. In addition, the PAP layer possessed low roughness characterized by atomic force microscopy. In order to investigate the photovoltaic properties of PSCs based on different anodes, devices with the configuration of PAP anode (or IP, AP anode)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) : 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 (PCBM)/LiF/Al were fabricated. The PAP-based device exhibited reasonable photovoltaic behaviour compared with other devices, and the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and power conversion efficiency were calculated to be 0.61 V, 7.01 mA cm−2, 0.69 and 2.99%, respectively. Therefore, PAP was a viable alternative to sputter-grown ITO electrodes, and cost-effective ITO-free PSCs based on a PAP anode could be realized according to this work.
Thermophysical properties of SF6–Cu mixtures at temperatures of 300–30 000 K and pressures of 0.01–1.0 MPa: part 1. Equilibrium compositions and thermodynamic properties considering condensed phases

The equilibrium compositions and thermodynamic properties of SF6–Cu mixtures with copper proportions up to 50% are calculated as a function of temperature from 300 to 30 000 K and pressure from 0.01 to 1.0 MPa. The condensed phases and Debye–Hückel corrections are both taken into account. The influences of condensed phases, Debye–Hückel corrections, copper proportions and gas pressures on the composition and/or thermodynamic properties are discussed in detail under various conditions. Some results are tabulated for the modelling of SF6 arc plasmas contaminated by Cu.
Regionale Integration durch normative Diskurse

Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die variierende Erklärungskraft klassischer Theorien regionaler Integration auf normativ eingebettete Diskursdynamiken zurückzuführen ist. Grundlegend für diese These ist ein Modell regionaler Integration, das Anleihen bei Theorien kommunikativen und strategischen Handelns einerseits und der English School andererseits nimmt. Im Gegensatz zu den rationalistischen Frameworks von Intergouvernementalismus und Neofunktionalismus stellt es die diskursive Verfasstheit von Integration in den Vordergrund. Dementsprechend begreife ich konkurrierende Integrationslogiken nicht als objektive Kausalmechanismen, sondern als Diskursmotive. Deren Resonanz in konkreten Aushandlungsprozessen von institutionellem Wandel wird von einem normativen Kontext bedingt, der sich aus regionalen Primärinstitutionen konstituiert. Durch eine vergleichende Studie von Verrechtlichungsprozessen in der Europäischen Union (EU) und der Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) zeigt der Beitrag die variable Bedeutung funktionalistischer frames für institutionellen Wandel in Regionalorganisationen und erweitert so unser Verständnis der ‘scope conditions’ klassischer Theorien. Damit schlägt er eine Brücke zwischen der Europäischen Integrations- und der Vergleichenden Regionalismusforschung.
Just slack it: A study of multidisciplinary teamwork based on ethnography and data from online collaborative software

New digital technologies for team communication have changed how people work and solve complex problems. Now, millions of people use Online Collaborative Software (OCS) daily, exchanging messages and files in diverse contexts. This article presents a case study of teamwork through the lens of a popular OCS called Slack. Slack was used by a multidisciplinary academic team of designers, social scientists, and engineers working on new biomedical technology. In this work, we investigate whether activity in Slack mirrors social interactions and project progress. We compare team activity in Slack: frequencies of public messages, replies, explicit mentions, membership changes to the 18-month ethnography of the team offline. Our analysis shows team engagement around important project milestones, correlation of meeting attendance, and activity in online public discussions. We visualize the team’s multidisciplinary collaboration throughout the project and discuss the limitations of technology to reflect team interactions.
Effects of Betulinic Acid Derivative on Lung Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Induced by Particulate Matter 2.5

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly induced by the increased content of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the atmosphere. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of betulinic acid derivative on lung inflammation in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by particulate matter 2.5. Material/Methods The mice were given a PM2.5 (25 μl) suspension for 7 days by the intranasal route to establish a COPD model. The content of TNF-α and IL-6 in the BALF samples was measured by commercially available ELISA kits. Results The PM2.5-induced higher LDH and ACP levels were significantly alleviated in mouse lung tissues by treatment with betulinic acid derivative. Treatment with betulinic acid derivative also suppressed PM2.5-induced increase in AKP and ALB levels in mouse lung tissues. Betulinic acid derivative reversed PM2.5-mediated suppression of SOD activity and elevation of NOS level in mouse BALF. Moreover, the PM2.5-induced excessive NO and MDA levels in mouse BALF were significantly reduced (P<0.05) by treatment with betulinic acid derivative. Treatment with betulinic acid derivative improved TNF-α and IL-6 levels in BALF induced by PM2.5 exposure. Betulinic acid derivative inhibited PM2.5-induced acute inflammatory exudate, alveolar septae damage, and inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs of mice. Conclusions In the mouse model of PM2.5-induced COPD, betulinic acid derivative reduced the degree of lung inflammation and downregulated inflammatory mediators. These findings support the need for further in vivo studies and clinical evaluation of betulinic acid derivative in patients with COPD.
ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET İLE ÖRGÜTSEL GÜVEN İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI: BİTLİS BELEDİYESİ PERSONELİ

Örgütsel adalet ile örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesini gaye edinen bu çalışma nicel verilere dayanan genel tarama ve ilişkisel tarama modelinde bir çalışmadır. Çalışma evrenini, Bitlis Belediyesi bünyesinde çalışan işçi ve memurlar oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplamak üzere örgütsel güven ve örgütsel adalet ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklere ilişkin yapılan iç tutarlılık analizleri yüksek çıkmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda belediye çalışanlarının örgütsel güven ile örgütsel adalet seviyeleri arasında yüksek ve istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuş ve Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Etik İlkeleri ve Etik Kurulunun 09.03. 2020 tarih ve 2020/02-VI sayılı kararıyla uygun görülmüştür.
Bidirectional Relationship Between Muscle Mass and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Although sarcopenia is known to be a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whether NAFLD is a risk factor for the development of sarcopenia is not clear. We investigated bidirectional relationships between NAFLD and low skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI) using three different datasets. Participants were classified into LSMI and normal groups. LSMI was defined as a body mass index (BMI)-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass <0.789 in men and <0.512 in women or as the sex-specific lowest quintile of BMI-adjusted total skeletal muscle mass. NAFLD was determined according to NAFLD liver fat score or abdominal ultrasonography. The NAFLD groups showed a higher hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LSMI than the normal groups (HRs=1.213, 95% CIs=1.050–1.402). The LSMI groups also showed a higher HRs with 95% CIs for NAFLD than normal groups (HRs=1.564, 95% CIs=1.378–1.775). Participants with NAFLD had consistently less skeletal muscle mass over 12 years of follow-up. In conclusion, LSMI and NAFLD showed a bidirectional relationship. Maintaining muscle mass should be emphasized in the management of NAFLD.
Hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals from alkoxystilbazoles and 3-cyanophenols: structural control of mesomorphism. Molecular structure of the complex between 4-cyanophenol and 4-octyloxystilbazole

Complexes formed between 4-alkoxystilbazoles and 3-cyanophenol show liquid crystal mesophases. Compared to the mesomorphism of similar complexes formed between stilbazoles and 4-cyanophenol, the mesophases are more stable and are enantiotropic.
A Few Experimental Suggestions Using Minerals to Obtain Peptides with a High Concentration of L-Amino Acids and Protein Amino Acids

The peptides/proteins of all living beings on our planet are mostly made up of 19 L-amino acids and glycine, an achiral amino acid. Arising from endogenous and exogenous sources, the seas of the prebiotic Earth could have contained a huge diversity of biomolecules (including amino acids), and precursors of biomolecules. Thus, how were these amino acids selected from the huge number of available amino acids and other molecules? What were the peptides of prebiotic Earth made up of? How were these peptides synthesized? Minerals have been considered for this task, since they can preconcentrate amino acids from dilute solutions, catalyze their polymerization, and even make the chiral selection of them. However, until now, this problem has only been studied in compartmentalized experiments. There are separate experiments showing that minerals preconcentrate amino acids by adsorption or catalyze their polymerization, or separate L-amino acids from D-amino acids. Based on the [GADV]-protein world hypothesis, as well as the relative abundance of amino acids on prebiotic Earth obtained by Zaia, several experiments are suggested. The main goal of these experiments is to show that using minerals it is possible, at least, to obtain peptides whose composition includes a high quantity of L-amino acids and protein amino acids (PAAs). These experiments should be performed using hydrothermal environments and wet/dry cycles. In addition, for hydrothermal environment experiments, it is very important to use one of the suggested artificial seawaters, and for wet/dry environments, it is important to perform the experiments in distilled water and diluted salt solutions. Finally, from these experiments, we suggest that, without an RNA world or even a pre genetic world, a small peptide set could emerge that better resembles modern proteins.