Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial-temporal variations in surface ozone in Northern China as observed during 2009–2010 and possible implications for future air quality control strategies

Abstract. The Project of Atmospheric Combined Pollution Monitoring over Beijing and its Surrounding Areas, was an intensive field campaign conducted over Northern China between June 2009 and August 2011 to provide a comprehensive record of ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and contribute to an in-depth understanding of air pollution in Northern China and its driving forces. In this campaign, 25 stations in an air-quality monitoring network provided regional-scale spatial coverage. In this study, we analyzed the data on O3 and NOx levels obtained at 22 sites (out of 25 sites due to data availability) over Northern China between 1 September 2009 and 31 August 2010. Our goal was to investigate the O3 spatial-temporal variations and control strategy in this area. Significant diurnal and seasonal variations were noted, with the highest concentrations typically found at around 03:00 p.m. (local time) and in June. The lowest concentrations were generally found during early morning hours (around 06:00 a.m.) and in December. Compared with July and August, June has increased photochemical production due to decreased cloud cover coupled with reduced O3 loss due to less dry deposition, inducing an O3 peak appearing in June. The averaged O3 concentrations were lower in the plains area compared with the mountainous area due to the titration effects of high NOx emissions in urban areas. When the characteristics of O3 pollution in different regions were distinguished by factor analysis, we found high levels of O3 that exceeded China's National Standard throughout the plains, especially over Beijing and the surrounding areas. An integrated analysis with emissions data, meteorological data, and topography over Northern China found that the meteorological conditions were the main factors that dominated the spatial variations of O3, with the presence of abundant emissions of precursors in this area. The smog production algorithm and space-based HCHO/NO2 column ratio were used to show the O3-NOx-VOCs sensitivity and examine the control strategy of O3 over Northern China. The results show that summer O3 production in the plains and northern mountainous areas was sensitive to VOCs and NOx, respectively. The presented results are intended to provide guidance for redefining government strategies to control the photochemical formation of air pollutants over Northern China and are relevant for developing urban agglomerations worldwide.
Optimize efficiency and torque in the single-phase induction motor by adjusting the design parameters

This paper investigates the optimization of Single-phase induction motors. Induction motors are widely used in industry and household. To improve efficiency and torque of single-phase induction motor (SPIM) various approaches have been proposed. It is impossible that all the parameters of optimizations are taken into account, because there are many parameters in the design of motor. So the objective functions for the optimization are very complex. Some issues such as stator and rotor slots, stator winding and choice of core material, have significant impacts on motor design. In previous articles the effects of these parameters on the density of the magnetic field have not been discussed. First, we investigated the impact of changing each parameter on motor design. Then, effects of all parameters will be considered in the motor design. At the end of each section of optimization the simulation has been verified by Maxwell software. Simulation results in improving the efficiency and torque of the motor SOB-1 and SOB-2 are compared with each other.
High efficiency integrated antennas on ultra-thin Si substrate

This work presents CMOS on-chip antennas for wireless chip-to-chip communication. In order to provide for high antenna efficiency, the antennas have been manufactured on an ultra-thin substrate with a thickness of 17.5 μm. The antennas are manufactured in the top metallization layer and are used as ground supply for the CMOS circuitry, thus requiring no dedicated chip area. Prototypes of the proposed antennas have been manufactured and measured. The results validate the suitability of the ultra-thin chip technology for efficient antenna integration.
[Congenital mirror movements. Three new cases of a rare condition].

INTRODUCTION Mirror movements (MM) are involuntary shudders which occur at the same time as voluntary movements of the homologous contralateral muscles. They may occur alone or associated with other pathology. CLINICAL CASES We present three new cases of congenital MM (CMM) and discuss their clinical, physiopathological and genetic aspects. Case 1. A four year old boy was brought to the clinic because he dropped things held in one hand when he tried to take things with the other. On examination it was seen that when he made a voluntary movement with one hand, the other hand made a similar movement simultaneously and involuntarily. This phenomenon had been observed since he was a few months old. Apart from this, the rest of the neurological examination was normal. Cerebral MR was also normal. Neuropsychological assessment showed borderline intellectual function. Case 2. The first patient's father, who was 26 years old, knew no details of his own family history. Since childhood he had noticed that he himself had made similar movements to those of his son. However, with time, he had managed to partially control and even inhibit these movements. His cerebral MR scan was normal. Case 3. An 11 year old boy consulted for MM, non-fluctuating congenital palpebral ptosis and nocturnal enuresis. The neurological examination and his intelligence were found to be normal. One of his sisters had palpebral ptosis and nocturnal enuresis without MM. His cerebral MR, X-ray of his spine, EMG, electroretinogram, CPK, blood lactate, glucemia, urine and urological examination were normal. CONCLUSIONS MM may be another manifestation within the clinical spectrum of diverse encephalopathies; may be associated with different syndromes (Kallman, Klippel-Feil and Usher amongst others) or may present alone. Both familial and sporadic cases have been described. We consider our cases 1 and 2 to be of the familial CMM condition, with autosomal dominant inheritance, in which MM was the only finding. The association observed in case 3 has not previously been described. It may possibly be a condition transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance.
Growth of Anaerobic Methane-Oxidizing Archaea and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in a High-Pressure Membrane Capsule Bioreactor

ABSTRACT Communities of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) grow slowly, which limits the ability to perform physiological studies. High methane partial pressure was previously successfully applied to stimulate growth, but it is not clear how different ANME subtypes and associated SRB are affected by it. Here, we report on the growth of ANME-SRB in a membrane capsule bioreactor inoculated with Eckernförde Bay sediment that combines high-pressure incubation (10.1 MPa methane) and thorough mixing (100 rpm) with complete cell retention by a 0.2-μm-pore-size membrane. The results were compared to previously obtained data from an ambient-pressure (0.101 MPa methane) bioreactor inoculated with the same sediment. The rates of oxidation of labeled methane were not higher at 10.1 MPa, likely because measurements were done at ambient pressure. The subtype ANME-2a/b was abundant in both reactors, but subtype ANME-2c was enriched only at 10.1 MPa. SRB at 10.1 MPa mainly belonged to the SEEP-SRB2 and Eel-1 groups and the Desulfuromonadales and not to the typically found SEEP-SRB1 group. The increase of ANME-2a/b occurred in parallel with the increase of SEEP-SRB2, which was previously found to be associated only with ANME-2c. Our results imply that the syntrophic association is flexible and that methane pressure and sulfide concentration influence the growth of different ANME-SRB consortia. We also studied the effect of elevated methane pressure on methane production and oxidation by a mixture of methanogenic and sulfate-reducing sludge. Here, methane oxidation rates decreased and were not coupled to sulfide production, indicating trace methane oxidation during net methanogenesis and not anaerobic methane oxidation, even at a high methane partial pressure.
High-performance MoS2 field-effect transistors enabled by chloride doping: Record low contact resistance (0.5 kΩ·µm) and record high drain current (460 µA/µm)

In this paper, we report a novel chemical doping technique to reduce the contact resistance (R<sub>c</sub>) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) - eliminating two major roadblocks (namely, doping and high R<sub>c</sub>) towards demonstration of high-performance TMDs field-effect transistors (FETs). By using 1,2 dichloroethane (DCE) as the doping reagent, we demonstrate an active n-type doping density > 2×10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> in a few-layer MoS<sub>2</sub> film. This enabled us to reduce the R<sub>c</sub> value to a record low number of 0.5 kΩ·μm, which is ~10×lower than the control sample without doping. The corresponding specific contact resistivity (ρ<sub>c</sub>) is found to decrease by two orders of magnitude. With such low R<sub>c</sub>, we demonstrate 100 nm channel length (L<sub>ch</sub>) MoS<sub>2</sub> FET with a drain current (I<sub>ds</sub>) of 460 μA/μm at V<sub>ds</sub> = 1.6 V, which is twice the best value reported so far on MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs.
Mutations of the ompK36 Porin Gene and Promoter Impact Responses of Sequence Type 258, KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains to Doripenem and Doripenem-Colistin

ABSTRACT Doripenem-colistin exerts synergy against some, but not all, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae strains in vitro. We determined if doripenem MICs and/or ompK36 porin gene mutations impacted the responses of 23 sequence type 258 (ST258), KPC-2-producing strains to the combination of doripenem (8 μg/ml) and colistin (2 μg/ml) during time-kill assays. The median doripenem and colistin MICs were 32 and 4 μg/ml. Doripenem MICs did not correlate with KPC-2 expression levels. Five and 18 strains had wild-type and mutant ompK36, respectively. The most common mutations were IS5 promoter insertions (n = 7) and insertions encoding glycine and aspartic acid at amino acid (aa) positions 134 and 135 (ins aa134-135 GD; n = 8), which were associated with higher doripenem MICs than other mutations or wild-type ompK36 (all P values ≤ 0.04). Bactericidal activity (24 h) was achieved by doripenem-colistin against 12%, 43%, and 75% of ins aa134-135 GD, IS5, and wild-type/other mutants, respectively (P = 0.04). Doripenem-colistin was more active in time-kill studies than colistin at 12 and 24 h if the doripenem MIC was ≤8 μg/ml (P = 0.0007 and 0.09, respectively), but not if the MIC was >8 μg/ml (P = 0.10 and 0.16). Likewise, doripenem-colistin was more active at 12 and 24 h against the wild type/other mutants than ins aa134-135 GD or IS5 mutants (P = 0.007 and 0.0007). By multivariate analysis, the absence of ins aa134-135 GD or IS5 mutations was the only independent predictor of doripenem-colistin responses at 24 h (P = 0.002). In conclusion, ompK36 genotypes identified ST258 KPC-K. pneumoniae strains that were most likely to respond to doripenem-colistin.
SEMI-FREE HAMILTONIAN CIRCLE ACTIONS ON 6-DIMENSIONAL SYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS

Assume (M,ω) is a connected, compact 6-dimensional symplectic manifold equipped with a semi-free Hamiltonian circle action, such that the fixed point set consists of isolated points or compact orientable surfaces. We restrict attention to the case dimH2(M) < 3. We give a complete list of the possible manifolds, and determine their equivariant cohomology rings and equivariant Chern classes. Some of these manifolds are classified up to diffeomorphism. We also show the existence for a few cases.
The Risk of Non-Traumatic Myelopathy in Time Trial (TT) or Downhill (DH) Bike Position

The time trial (TT) or downhill (DH) position (Figure 1) in cycling, which is different from general riding form, is used in time trial road races or triathlons to decrease air resistance and achieve faster speeds. In the TT or DH position, the rider’s neck is extended and his or her body is strained while racing, and some athletes develop neck pain or headache. Most cases of neck pain may be caused by fatigue due to sustained muscular stress, but there may be some risk of myelopathy in some cases.
An update on clinical applications of electrospun nanofibers for skin bioengineering

Mimicking morphological similarities of the natural extra cellular matrix (ECM), described by ultrafine continuous fibers, high surface to volume ratio, and high porosity is valuable for effective regeneration of injured skin tissue. Electrospun nanofibers, being one of the most favorable and fast developing products of technology today, display a tremendous potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Under the remarkable attention being given to electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in promoting wound healing and skin regeneration, this review focuses on the potential of the electrospinning technique as a promising tool for constructing polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds with the favorable physicochemical properties needed for skin bioengineering. In addition, current applications of electrospun nanofibrous matrices for skin bioengineering are detailed in this review.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and unpasteurized milk

Sir, The haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a serious public health problem in Argentina, where 50% of all worldwide cases are reported (1). Many patients (not all) have direct or indirect evidence of actual infection with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). The source of VTEC infection is unknown, but recently undercooked meat and other food-derived methods of transmission have been suggested (2-5). A questionnaire focusing attention on consumption of unpasteurized milk (UM) was obtained prospectively in 91 HUS patients (mean age 15.2 months, range 4-40 months) attending the Nephrology Unit, Hospital de Niiios, La Plata, Argentina, between May 89 and March 93. The same was done for 182 age-matched children (mean age 14.9 months, range 6-36 months) living in the hospital area and seen as outpatients for health control or mild diseases. Exposure to UM was stratified as: present exposure (i.e. UM ingestion within 20 days); past exposure (i.e. last UM ingestion more than 20 days before) or no exposure. As shown in Table 1, present exposure to UM was noted in 20 HUS patients and in 3 control children ( p < 0.00001; Yates’ corrected chi-square test). Even more striking, 8 HUS patients and no control children were exposed to UM within the precedent 20 days for the first time ( p < 0.00001). As part of a referral hospital, the nephrology unit receives HUS patients from other geographic areas with
Afferent portal venous system in the mesonephros and metanephros of chick embryos: Development and degeneration

In the chick embryo, both mesonephros and metanephros have a renal portal system. The classical literature gives uncertain answers about the development and degeneration of the meso‐ and metanephric portal venous system. Some mesonephric vessels present angiogenic processes to colonize the metanephros, while others show signs of degeneration and disappear together with the mesonephros. The adult avian kidney has a conspicuously placed valve, the renal portal valve. The development of this functionally important renal portal valve has not yet been studied in detail.
Stem-Loop Binding Protein Facilitates 3′-End Formation by Stabilizing U7 snRNP Binding to Histone Pre-mRNA

ABSTRACT The 3′ end of histone mRNA is formed by an endonucleolytic cleavage of the primary transcript after a conserved stem-loop sequence. The cleavage reaction requires at least two trans-acting factors: the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), which binds the stem-loop sequence, and the U7 snRNP that interacts with a sequence downstream from the cleavage site. Removal of SLBP from a nuclear extract abolishes 3′-end processing, and the addition of recombinant SLBP restores processing activity of the depleted extract. To determine the regions of human SLBP necessary for 3′ processing, various deletion mutants of the protein were tested for their ability to complement the SLBP-depleted extract. The entire N-terminal domain and the majority of the C-terminal domain of human SLBP are dispensable for processing. The minimal protein that efficiently supports cleavage of histone pre-mRNA consists of 93 amino acids containing the 73-amino-acid RNA-binding domain and 20 amino acids located immediately next to its C terminus. Replacement of these 20 residues with an unrelated sequence in the context of the full-length SLBP reduces processing >90%. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments with the anti-SLBP antibody demonstrated that SLBP and U7 snRNP form a stable complex only in the presence of pre-mRNA substrates containing a properly positioned U7 snRNP binding site. One role of SLBP is to stabilize the interaction of the histone pre-mRNA with U7 snRNP.
Theta burst stimulation induces after‐effects on contralateral primary motor cortex excitability in humans

Interhemispheric interactions between the primary motor cortices (M1) have been described with a variety of TMS methods. Here we give a detailed description of the interhemispheric interactions of a period of theta burst simulation (TBS), a rapid method of producing long lasting after‐effects on the excitability of the stimulated M1. A total of 18 right handed healthy subjects participated. In most experiments, continuous and intermittent TBS (cTBS and iTBS) were delivered over the right M1 using a coil orientated to induce antero‐posterior followed by postero‐anterior (AP–PA) currents in the brain. The intensity of stimulation was 80% of active motor threshold (AMT), and a total of 600 pulses were applied. The effects on the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were evaluated in the left and right M1 before and at three different times after TBS. We also tested long‐interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) in right M1 and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) from right to left M1. Finally, to explore the effect of different polarities of cTBS over dominant and non‐dominant hemisphere we delivered AP–PA and postero‐anterior followed by antero‐posterior (PA–AP) cTBS over either right or left M1 and tested MEPs in both hemispheres. In the stimulated hemisphere, cTBS reduced MEPs and SICI whereas iTBS increased MEPs and SICI. In the non‐stimulated hemisphere cTBS increased MEPs and reduced SICI, while iTBS reduced MEPs and increased SICI. There were no effects on ICF, LICI or IHI. Although both AP–PA cTBS and PA–AP cTBS reduced MEPs in the stimulated M1, the former increased MEPs from non‐stimulated M1 whereas the latter did not. There was no difference in the effect of cTBS on the dominant or non‐dominant hemisphere.
Design of guidance law based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode control and finite-time disturbance observer*

The terminal guidance problem for missile intercepting maneuvering targets is investigated in this paper. To guarantee the disturbance rejection performance and alleviate the chattering problem, nonsingular terminal sliding mode control(NTSMC) and finite-time disturbance observer(FTDO) are introduced to design the composite guidance law considering the first-order autopilot dynamics. In this paper, the target acceleration and some state variables are regarded as unknown bounded disturbances. Finite-time disturbance observer(FTDO) is employed to estimate the disturbances and estimations of disturbances are employed as feedforward compensation to weaken the influence of disturbances. The proposed guidance law can guarantee that the line of sight(LOS) angular rate converges to zero in finite time. Simulation comparisons show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical disks.

I N THE surgical treatment of ruptured lumbar intervertebral disks, the operation of vertebral-body fusion following subtotal removal of the disk with partial laminectomy has been employed since 1943. This operation has been performed on over 600 patients and in the writer's experience has proven to be superior to any other operative procedure employed for relief of pain in the back and leg caused by ruptured lumbar disks. The high percentage of permanent cures, the rapid rate of spinal fusion, short period of hospitalization and convalescence, and the early ability of the patient to return to heavy work are the factors upon which these conclusions were drawn.4 The poor results obtained in the treatment of disease of intervertebral disks in the cervical region, both from conservative therapy and surgical treatment, has been the concern of surgeons for many years. In an attempt to overcome some of these problems encountered with ruptured cervical disks, the methods used in the treatment of lumbar disks were considered.3 If the symptomatic lesion of the cervical disk not demonstrated by a myelogram could be identified by diskography and if the pathological joint could be treated surgically by an interbody fusion as is done for lumbar disks, the results from the treatment should be greatly improved. These criteria have been realized by an anterior approach to the cervical disk. The technical difficulties encountered in the operations currently in use to expose and remove a ruptured cervical disk and/or the osteophytes on the margins of the vertebral bodies may be one reason for the poor results obtained by surgical treatment. The obstacles are primarily anatomical. A comparison between the conventional cervical and lumbar disk operations from a technical standpoint probably explains the excellent results obtained in treating the lumbar disk compared to the poor results for the cervical lesion. The surgical approach to the lumbar disks through the spinal canal is facilitated by the retractability of the long lumbar nerve roots and the dural sac which contains only the cauda equina and cerebrospinal fluid. This approach for performing lumbar vertebral-body fusion is greatly facilitated by use of special self-retaining retractors designed for this operation. With these instruments both the spinal canal and the intervertebral space are
The Heart Rate‐Lowering Agent Ivabradine Inhibits the Pacemaker Current If in Human Atrial Myocytes

Introduction: It has been speculated that pacemaker current (If) in human atria could play a role in causing ectopic atrial automaticity. Ivabradine is a novel selective and specific If inhibitor in the sinus node that reduces heart rate without any negative inotropic effect. The aim of the study was to explore possible effects of ivabradine on If in atrial myocytes.