Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequence patterns indicate an enzymatic involvement in integration of mammalian retroposons.

It is commonly accepted that the reverse-transcribed cellular RNA molecules, called retroposons, integrate at staggered breaks in mammalian chromosomes. However, unlike what was previously thought, most of the staggered breaks are not generated by random nicking. One of the two nicks involved is primarily associated with the 5'-TTAAAA hexanucleotide and its variants derived by a single base substitution, particularly A --> G and T --> C. It is probably generated in the antisense strand between the consensus bases 3'-AA and TTTT complementary to 5'-TTAAAA. The sense strand is nicked at variable distances from the TTAAAA consensus site toward the 3' end, preferably within 15-16 base pairs. The base composition near the second nicking site is also nonrandom at positions preceding the nick. On the basis of the observed sequence patterns it is proposed that integration of mammalian retroposons is mediated by an enzyme with endonucleolytic activity. The best candidate for such enzyme may be the reverse transcriptase encoded by the L1 non-long-terminal-repeat retrotransposon, which contains a freshly reported domain homologous to the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease family [Martin, F. , Olivares, M. , Lopez, M. C. & Alonso, C. (1996) Trends Biochem. Sci. 21, 283-285; Feng, Q. , Moran, J. V. , Kazazian, H. H. & Boeke, J. D. (1996) Cell 87, 905-916] and shows nicking in vitro with preference for targets similar to 5'-TTAAAA/3'-AATTTT consensus sequence [Feng, Q. , Moran, J. V. , Kazazian, H. H. & Boeke, J. D. (1996) Cell 87, 905-916]. A model for integration of mammalian retroposons based on the presented data is discussed.
Conversion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mucoidy in cystic fibrosis: environmental stress and regulation of bacterial virulence by alternative sigma factors

The conversion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the mucoid, exopolysaccharide alginate-overproducing form is considered to be a major pathogenic determinant expressed by this organism during chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) (5, 28, 32). Despite the fact that CF has a relatively recent history as a medically recognized syndrome (since 1938), the problem of conversion to mucoidy in P. aeruginosa has become an instant classic of microbial pathogenesis (for recent reviews, see references 28, 54, and 61). Most P. aeruginosa strains have the genetic capacity to synthesize alginate, but mucoid mutants that overproduce this exopolysaccharide are rarely noticed among environmental isolates. In contrast, P. aeruginosa strains from CF are frequently mucoid (28, 32). Several mutations causing conversion to mucoidy (see Fig. 1) and genes that participate in these processes have been recently defined (see Table 1); the mutations are superimposed on a system consisting of a putative alternative sigma factor, which most likely plays a more general role in bacterial stress response, and its accessory negative regulators (23, 30, 51-53, 61).
Work-life Balance Practices Among Irish Hotel Employees and Implications for HRM

The aim of this article is to examine work-life balance in the Irish hotel sector from an employee perspective with implications for HRM. This particular article presents part of a larger study on work flexibility and work-family balance (Farrell, 2012). The study included a survey of managers and employees. Two-hundred and forty-six questionnaires from employees were returned which was a 22% response rate from the original sample group. The research data show that company benefits were not associated with numerical flexibility, but associated with functional flexibility and work-life balance supports. This would suggest an integrated approach to human resource management (HRM) whereby some companies engage in a contemporary, employee-focused approach, whereas other companies tend to be more traditional. The study advances the literature on the link between work-life balance programmes and other HRM practices such as company benefits and functional flexibility. We see that educational reasons and time for leisure were significant drivers of work-life balance arrangements. The research concludes that hotels need to put in place more organisational supports such as work assistance and care supports for employees to achieve a better balance between work and life.
Component co-evolution and component dependency: speculations and verifications

Software component interaction is essential for realising proper software system functions. Such interactions between software components induce interdependencies between multiple components. One effect of such a dependency is co-evolution, wherein changes made to one component also requires corresponding changes to other component(s). This study presents a mathematical framework for representing component co-evolution. Two types of co-evolution, internal co-evolution and external co-evolution are defined for an evolving software component. The component dependency metrics that are related with component co-evolutions are analysed and the correlations between component dependency and component co-evolution are hypothesised. Further, in a quasi-experiment of nine open-source Java projects, component dependencies are measured and component revision histories are mined to verify the speculated correlations.
Sanitizers effect in mango pulp and peel antioxidant compounds

Effects of ozonated water as sanitizer method on mango was studied on total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids and vitamin C of pulp or peel. Mango cultivar “Palmer” was harvested and subjected to sanitization treatments by immersion in water, chlorinated water (10 minutes sodium hypochlorite 100 mg·L-1) or ozonated water for 10 and 20 minutes. After the sanitization process, the mangoes were stored at 15°C ± 1°C and 85% ± 5% RH for seven days, followed by 4 days of storage at room temperature (simulating the trading period), totaling 11 days after harvested. Mangoes pulp sanitized with ozonated water for 20 minutes showed the highest values of TA, total soluble carbohydrates, vitamin C, carotenoids and flavonoid content. These data suggest that the use of ozonated water may contribute to induce increase antioxidants compounds.
The Regularity and Irregularity of Travel: An Analysis of the Consistency of Travel Times Associated with Subsistence, Maintenance and Discretionary Activities

Regular and irregular travel patterns coincide with different underlying purposes of travel and days of the week. Within this paper, it is shown that the balance between subsistence (i.e. work) and discretionary (i.e. leisure) activities is related to differences in travel patterns and explains consistency across years. Using eight years of time use diary entries this paper finds that travel time related to subsistence activities tends to be regular and stable. In contrast, travel time associated with discretionary activities tends to be more unpredictable and varies greatly between discretionary and non-discretionary days. These findings have consequences for the travel time budget literature as consistency of average travel time is found to be driven by work days, which are frequent and have stable travel times. This is offset by discretionary days as they tend to have longer travel times with greater variability but are fewer in number.
The Soul – From a Religious-Philosophical Conjecture, Towards a Scientific-Medical Matter

Currently, on Western sciences of health, the word “psyche” (from the Greek ψυχή) is closely associated to the concept of mind in all its aspects: awareness (consciousness), emotion (affect), and cognition (intellectual activity). The mental activity can be elevated until sublime issues like altruism, values, and morals. Even spirituality is a human dimension associated to mind, although considering its transcendent and sacred questionings such as meaning and purpose of existence. All this set of mind manifestations are described and studied by neurophysiological and psychobehavioral disciplines. Scientific canons attribute all these manifestations to brain properties and neurotransmitters activities. Notwithstanding, this plain viewpoint overlooks some phenomena that put mind manifestations far beyond biological and material capabilities. For these cases, the only interpretation for “psyche” is soul, meaning a subtle and unmeasurable aspect of the human being, the immaterial nature of the entity.
A Distributed Clinical Data Platform for Physiological Studies in the Brain Trauma Domain

There are many serious and acute physiological conditions about which we have incomplete medical knowledge that can support optimal healthcare intervention. To develop effective treatments a wealth of clinical data is required for collection, analysis and feedback. Such data often does exist but is typically held in a variety of different formats and locations. This paper describes the EU FP7-funded Avert-IT project (www.avert-it.org), which has developed an integrated, real-time physiological data grid infrastructure (Hypo Net) to address the specific issue of prediction of hypotensive events in the brain trauma domain and is currently being used as part of a large multi-centre clinical trial. The implementation and application of the Hypo Net system is described here.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 for German-Speaking Countries: DCDQ-G

Abstract Background The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) is widely used internationally and is a useful measure to assist in the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. The aim of this study was to translate the DCDQ'07 into German, test the psychometric properties, and establish cutoff scores for the 5.0 to 7.11 age group. Materials and Methods A six-stage cross-cultural adaptation process was used. The psychometric properties of the DCDQ-German (DCDQ-G) were tested with a clinic sample of 55 children (mean age: 6.1 years) and community sample of 67 children (mean age: 5.6 years). Results The internal consistency was high. Specificity and sensitivity for the total sample were 52.4 and 90%, respectively. Sensitivity for the clinic sample was 72.7% and specificity was 95%. The community sample had a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 86.7%. Conclusion The DCDQ-G is a valid instrument for use with a clinic population in the 5.0 to 7.11 age group. Research into older age groups is ongoing.
Miscibility of Human Semisynthetic Regular and Lente Insulin and Human Biosynthetic Regular and NPH Insulin

The miscibility of human semisynthetic regular and lente insulins (Actrapid human/Monotard human) and human biosynthetic regular and NPH insulins (Humulin regular/Humulin NPH) was studied in vitro and in 16 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. In vitro a decrease of regular insulin was found immediately after mixture with semisynthetic lente insulin in proportions 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. This was not found after mixture with human biosynthetic regular and NPH insulins. Free insulin and blood glucose were determined over 8 h after the morning injection of regular/lente (n = 9) or regular/NPH (n = 7) insulins in proportions used by the patients (∼ 1:2) mixed in one syringe or in separate syringes. Mixing the regular/lente preparations in one syringe immediately before injection resulted in a significant loss of the early rise in free insulin (P < .01), with a tendency to a higher free insulin in the afternoon. A corresponding change in the blood glucose profile was seen. No changes were observed in free insulin or blood glucose after mixing regular and NPH preparations compared with separate injections. We conclude that mixing human semisynthetic regular and lente insulins (Actrapid human/Monotard human) instantly results in a decrease of regular insulin, probably due to formation of a longer-acting preparation, whereas no such changes occur with human biosynthetic regular and NPH insulins (Humulin regular/Humulin NPH).
Employment Relations In Non Union Firms

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Determinants for thermoinducible cell binding and plasmid-encoded cellular penetration detected in the absence of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv mutants were analyzed for their ability to bind and penetrate mammalian cell lines. Strains defective for the production of invasin and cured of the Yersinia virulence plasmid pIB1 were extremely defective for entry into the HEp-2 cell line. inv strains harboring the virulence plasmid partially overcame this defect, indicating that the virulence plasmid mediates an invasin-independent pathway for low-level entry into cultured cells. Plasmid-cured inv mutants were able to attach efficiently to mammalian cells after bacterial culture at 37 degrees C but not after culture at a lower temperature. The enhanced cellular binding of inv mutants grown at 37 degrees C did not result in efficient cellular penetration, indicating that invasin-mediated entry is the primary chromosomally encoded pathway responsible for Y. pseudotuberculosis penetration into both HEp-2 and Chinese hamster ovary cells under the assay conditions described here.
Business Information Needs of Small and MediumSized Enterprise Managers

This paper reports on the findings of a part of a study that aims to investigate the information needs and the kinds of information needed for decision-making by managers of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME). It identifies their information needs when they were in the early stage of their business experience. Data were collected from SME managers operating their business in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Results revealed that the most common kinds of information required by SME managers were business information/opportunities, followed by financial sources, current marketing trends, location, survey/research, sources of raw materials/products, information on customers, government regulations/policies and competitors. The most common kinds of information required for decision-making were business opportunities/competitors, followed by finance, methods of analysis, market, data, suppliers (of raw materials/ products) and innovation/technology. The study had a vital impact on making recommendations to business supporting agencies and business sectors relating to SME in Malaysia.
Organic food certification in South Africa: a private sector mechanism in need of state regulation?

Organic production targets the development of a sustainable cultivation system and a variety of high-quality products with emphasis on environmental protection, biodiversity and high standards of animal protection. In South Africa, the organic sector pioneered private practices and systems in small informal groups to guide the public and private sectors on environmental and sustainability issues. A private certification system for organic products is applicable in the country consisting of network certification and third-party certification in collaboration with foreign and locally-based certification organisations. Local producers also use self-declaratory vendor claims associated with organic labels. A State auditor mechanism is nonetheless applicable with respect to the use of the term “free range” on labels for meat products. South African National Standards (SANS 1369) on Organic Agricultural Production and Processing (OAPP) have been drafted by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) but the final version has not yet been made public. There is presently no specific legislation on organic products in the country but draft regulations (under the Agricultural Product Standards Act) on the control and sale of organic products which have not yet been promulgated. With mainly a private organic food certification system, to what extent do South African organic food products respect rules of organic production? This paper looks into the organic food regulation in South Africa and examines how far this private sector mechanism for organic food certification is in need of State regulation.
All in the family? CEO succession and firm organization

Family firms are the most prevalent type of firm in the world and account for a large proportion of the economic activity and employment, especially in developing countries. We consider firms to be “family controlled” when the founding family owns over 25% of shares and the CEO is a family member. In this paper we investigate the relationship between family control and firm organization and performance in the manufacturing sector of primarily emerging economies. To do this we collect a new detailed dataset of the succession history in terms of ownership (who owns the shares) as well as control (who is the CEO) for over 800 firms in Latin America, Africa and Europe. We merge this with a unique dataset on firm performance and organizational structures, including on quality of managerial practices. We exploit exogenous variation in the composition of the family CEO’s children, and use it as an instrumental variable for family ownership and control. Our results suggest that family-owned-and-controlled firms are worse managed, with coefficients being over twice larger under 2SLS than OLS. In general the negative link seems to stem from the family vs non-family control rather than simply family or non-family ownership. Firms owned by families but with non-family CEOs do not suffer from the deficit in management quality.
Identification of a mutation in the MP 19 gene , Lim 2 , in the cataractous mouse mutant To 3

Conclusions: The identified genetic lesion in the Lim2 gene of the cataractous mouse mutant, To3 confirms Lim2 as an ideal candidate gene. Future transgenic experiments should provide proof or disproof of a causative relationship between the identified mutation and the cataractous phenotype. These studies indicate that MP19 may play an important role in both normal lens development and cataractogenesis, and warrants more intense investigation of its role within the ocular lens. Molecular Vision 3: 5, 1997 <http://www.emory. edu/molvis/v3/steele> Received 24 Mar 1997 | Accepted 2 May 1997 | Published 7 May 1997 © Molecular Vision
Security Risk Management Methodologies

Enterprise risk management is the total process of identifying, measuring, and minimizing the uncertain events that can affect the enterprise resources. This implies the process of bringing management as a remedial action, and control into the risk analysis. A main element of risk assessment and analysis is the concept of vulnerability. The vulnerability is a weakness in any information system, system security procedure, internal controls, or implementation that an attacker could potentially exploit. It can also be a weakness in a system, such as a coding bug or design flaw. An attack occurs when an attacker with a reason to strike takes advantage of a vulnerability to Threaten an enterprise Asset. The second most important element in risk assessment is the concept of a Threat, which is any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact an information system through unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of data, or denial of service. We can define risk as the possibility that a particular Threat will adversely impact an information system by exploiting a particular Vulnerability. The third element in AbstrAct
The reaction mechanism of iron and manganese superoxide dismutases studied by theoretical calculations

We have studied the detailed reaction mechanism of iron and manganese superoxide dismutase with density functional calculations on realistic active‐site models, with large basis sets and including solvation, zero‐point, and thermal effects. The results indicate that the conversion of O 2− to O2 follows an associative mechanism, with O 2− directly binding to the metal, followed by the protonation of the metal‐bound hydroxide ion, and the dissociation of 3O2. All these reaction steps are exergonic. Likewise, we suggest that the conversion of O 2− to H2O2 follows an at least a partly second‐sphere pathway. There are small differences in the preferred oxidation and spin states, as well as in the geometries, of Fe and Mn, but these differences have little influence on the energetics, and therefore on the reaction mechanism of the two types of superoxide dismutases. For example, the two metals have very similar reduction potentials in the active‐site models, although they differ by 0.7 V in water solution. The reaction mechanisms and spin states seem to have been designed to avoid spin conversions or to facilitate them by employing nearly degenerate spin states. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1398–1414, 2006
Randomness and degree theory for infinite time register machines

A concept of randomness for infinite time register machines (ITRMs) is defined and studied. In particular, we show that for this notion of randomness, computability from mutually random reals implies computability and that an analogue of van Lambalgen's theorem holds. This is then applied to obtain results on the structure of ITRM-degrees. Finally, we consider autoreducibility for ITRMs and show that randomness implies non-autoreducibility.
Dengeleme Teorisi’nin Geçerliliğinin Panel Veri Analizi ile Test Edilmesi: BİST’de Ampirik Bir Uygulama

Bu calisma, firmalarin sermaye yapilari ile piyasa degerleri arasindaki iliskiyi inceleyerek dengeleme teorisinin, BIST’de gecerliligi olan bir teori olup olmadigini test etmeyi amac edinmistir. Calismada, 2005-2011 yillari arasinda hisseleri Borsa Istanbul’da islem goren 168 firmaya ait toplam 127.008 adet finansal rasyo, 20.664 adet aylik hisse getirisi ile 4.704 adet firma piyasa degeri ve borclanma orani kullanilmistir. Calismanin birinci asamasinda, dengeli panel regresyon analizi kullanilarak BIST icin etkin iflas gostergesi modeli belirlenmistir. Ikinci asamada ise etkin model kullanilarak firmalar, her donem icin, iflas riskine sahip olan ve olmayan firmalar olarak iki ana gruba ayrilmis ve gruplarda yer alan firmalarin piyasa degerleri ile borclanma duzeyleri arasindaki iliski dengesiz panel regresyon analizi ile incelenmistir. Yapilan analiz sonucunda; her iki grup icin de firmalarin borclanma duzeyleri ile piyasa degerleri arasinda pozitif bir iliski bulunmus ve dengeleme teorisinin BIST’de islem goren firmalar acisindan gecerli bir teori olmadigi ortaya konulmustur.