Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical analysis of trifoliate orange during fermentation by HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis

During the process of fermentation, the chemical compositions of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate (L). Raf) changed greatly. To provide a completely phytochemical profile, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS) has been successfully applied to screen and identify the unknown constituents of trifoliate orange during fermentation, which make it available for the quality control of fermented products. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to classify the trifoliate oranges based on the status of fermentation. A total of 8 components were identified among the samples. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated the fermented and unfermented trifoliate oranges were obviously different, an effective and reliable Partial Least Square Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) technique was more suitable to provide accurate discrimination of test samples based their different chemical patterns. Furthermore, a permutation validated the reliability of PLS-DA and variable importance plot revealed that the characterized syringing, naringin, and poncirin showed the high ability to distinguish the trifoliate oranges during fermentation. The present investigation could provide detailed information for the quality control and evaluation of trifoliate oranges during the fermentation process.
The effect of thickness on the optoelectronic properties of organic field-effect transistors: towards molecular crystals at monolayer limit

As one of the basic units of optoelectronic devices, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are not only promising candidates for understanding the intrinsic charge transport mechanism of organic semiconductors (OSCs), but are also attractive for various applications, such as active-matrix displays, logic circuits, photodetectors, sensors and so on. Shrinking the active layer thickness in OFETs to a few molecular layers (MLs) or even down to a monolayer is a very attractive strategy in many aspects: (1) minimize material consumption while maintaining equal or even better charge transport properties, (2) reduce bulk injection resistance for the possible realization of Ohmic contact and short channel devices, (3) enhance phototransistor performance, (4) improve sensing performance, etc. In this review, we first comprehensively summarized the effect of active layer thickness on OFET performances in thin-film and single crystal devices in terms of mobility (μ) and contact resistance (Rc). Then the phototdetector and sensor applications of OFETs toward ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) molecular materials at the monolayer limit are discussed with emphasis on the high performance of monolayer molecular crystal (MMC) based devices. Finally, the challenges and perspectives regarding the controllable preparation of MMCs and corresponding devices applications are discussed.
Factors Affecting Students’ Low Competence In Reading English at Primary Level in Pakistan

Language learning has four basic skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing. Reading skill is the most important skill and valuable for effective learning process. Poor reading skill affects all other skills related to the process of language learning. English language has become an international language and proficiency in all the language skills has become the symbol of success. Students in Pakistan are facing many problems in reading English. The main focus of this paper is to explore the factors affecting students’ low competence in reading English at primary level in Pakistan. The data were collected from government primary schools from the surrounding area of Khudian Khas Kasur. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Few subject experts English were also interviewed. On the basis of the research some recommendations have been made. The present study will help the learners to eradicate their issues in improving their reading skill.
Performance of knapsack sprayers on uniformity of insecticide application and on control of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae).

Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease of short duration and variable severity, caused by a virus transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). It occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In Brazil, the social and environmental conditions are favourable to the expansion of A. aegypti and allowing the dispersal of vector and the increase of the disease. The technique most used for mosquito control is the application of insecticides with knapsack sprayers, which often have shown difficulties in use, due to the size and shape of equipment, and variations in the control effectiveness due inadequate characteristics of the spray. In this study we aimed to evaluate and compare the diameter and uniformity of droplets produced by two knapsack sprayers with different concentrations of water and oil in tank mix, to the mosquito control. The experiments were performed in the Department of Crop Protection, UNESP – Jaboticabal – SP, Brazil. The insecticide Malathion 500 EC (1 mL L-1) was applied by two sprayers (1. rotary spraying nozzle; 2. pneumatic nozzle). Both sprayers were positioned in a laser diffraction particle size meter, at a distance of 40 cm from the laser beam to assess diameter and uniformity of droplets. Water plus malathion received six concentrations of oil (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100%). The parameters were: volume median diameter (VMD), coefficient of uniformity and percentage of volume with droplet less than 15 μm. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and averages were compared by Tukey test (P<0.05) in a fully randomized design. In another experiment, an application was made in a room with mosquitoes held in cages. The evaluations were made immediately and 24 h after application. The mortality outcomes were compared by Tukey test (P<0.05) and the efficiency were estimated by Abbott’s formula. We conclude that the pneumatic nozzle showed greater uniformity and adequate droplet size compared to rotary nozzle efficacy in the control of A. aegypti, in the oil concentration of 12.5%.
Hunters versus hunted: New perspectives on the energetic costs of survival at the top of the food chain

1. Global biotic and abiotic threats, particularly from pervasive human activities, are progressively pushing large, apex carnivorous mammals into the functional role of mesopredator. Hunters are now becoming the hunted. Despite marked impacts on these animals and the ecosystems in which they live, little is known about the physiological repercussions of this role downgrading from ultimate to penultimate predator. 2. Here we examine how such ecological role reversals alter the physiological pro cesses associated with energy expenditure, and ultimately the cost of survival during peak performance.
Crystal structure of benzylthiouronium chloride, C8H11ClN2S

Abstract C8H11ClN2S, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.3126(6) Å, b = 8.3567(4) Å, c = 20.4130(11) Å, V = 1929.76(17) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0240, wRref(F2) = 0.0680, T = 200 K.
Parking recommender system privacy preservation through anonymization and differential privacy

Recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) have enabled the development of smart parking systems that use services of third‐party parking recommender system to provide recommendations of personalized parking spot to users based on their past experience. However, the indiscriminate sharing of users' data with an untrusted (or semitrusted) parking recommender system may breach the privacy because users' behavior and mobility patterns could be inferred by analyzing their past history. Therefore, in this article, we present two solutions that preserve privacy of users in parking recommender systems while analyzing the past parking history using k‐anonymity (anonymization) and differential privacy (perturbation) techniques. Specifically, given an original parking database containing users' parking information, the k‐anonymity mechanism constructs an anonymized database, while differential privacy perturbs the query response using the Laplace mechanism, making the users indistinguishable in both approaches, hence preserving the privacy. Experimental results on a data set constructed from real parking measurements evaluate the trade‐off between privacy and utility, therefore enabling users to receive parking spots recommendations while preserving their privacy.
Thermal characterisation of electroconductive layers for anti-icing and de-snowing applications on roads

ABSTRACT Heavy snowfall is the most influential factor in the interruption of road vehicular transit during the winter months, sometimes even causing inaccessibility to certain areas. Traditional maintenance strategies address this issue with mechanical solutions combined with the implementation of “de-icing salts”. However, these “de-icing” salts can cause severe damage to the local ecosystem and represent an unsustainable solution to the removal of snow. In order to offer an alternative to the use of “de-icing salts” in roadway maintenance, new environmentally friendly strategies need to be explored. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the thermal performance of electroconductive asphalt mortars under the effect of time-varying magnetic fields, with the aim of using these materials for anti-icing and de-snowing applications on roads. The electroconductive mortars studied were manufactured using the metallic fibres obtained from recycled pneumatic end-of-life vehicle tires. These innovative roadway mortars were tested by measuring the temperature changes produced during and after the activation of the time-varying magnetic field, in a 2-layer system composed of an electroconductive asphalt layer under a conventional bituminous surface course. The results revealed that road temperatures can be controlled depending on the intensity of the magnetic field, the content of metallic fibres and the thickness of the road surface course. Electroconductive mortars might therefore provide a functional alternative for maintaining serviceable roads during snowy winters.
Global Technology for Local Monitoring of Air Pollution in Dhaka

The World Health Organization attributes about 3.3 million annual premature deaths to outdoor air pollution in low- and middle-income countries. Comprehensive pollution monitoring in urban areas has been too costly for many developing countries; yet sparse information has hindered cost-effective pollution management strategies. Global information technologies offer a potential escape from this information trap, but their accuracy remains uncertain. This paper uses ground-based measures of fine particulates and nitrogen dioxide, provided by the CAMS-3 Darussalam monitoring station in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to test three global technologies: the European Space Agencyâ€™s Sentinel-5P, the National Aeronautics and Space Administrationâ€™s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and Google Traffic. The results indicate that all three global technologies can provide useful information for extension of air pollution measurement beyond the few areas that are currently monitored by ground stations. Each technology tracks ground-based fine particulates measures with high significance, and the European Space Agencyâ€™s Sentinel-5P and Google Traffic perform similarly for ground-based nitrogen dioxide measures. Google Traffic can provide accurate tracking at higher spatial and temporal resolution than the satellite sources, but only for emissions from motor vehicles in major metro areas. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the European Space Agencyâ€™s Sentinel-5P capture the effects of emissions from other sources at all locations.
How does Copaifera langsdorffii respond to flooding under different irradiance levels?

Abstract This study investigated the potential of shading to mitigate the stressful effects of different periods of flooding, favoring the recovery of seedlings in the post-flooding period. Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. seedlings were grown under three different levels of light availability (100%, 70%, and 30%), and two water conditions (control and flooded). During the flooding period, plants were evaluated at 0, 45, and 90 days, and at 45 days after the cessation of each period of flooding to assess post-flooding effects (45 + 45 and 90 + 45 days). There was an increase in internal concentration of CO2, and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in both the leaves and roots at all levels of light availability, with more pronounced effects under shady conditions (30% brightness). The plants demonstrated the capacity to survive flooding but did not fully recover within 45 days after the suspension of flooding, as evidenced by an evaluation of physiological and biochemical characteristics. We concluded that shading does not mitigate the stressful effects of flooding. Flooding and cultivation under 30% light availability created stressful conditions for the plants, which presented adjustment mechanisms that allowed the resumption of balance up to 45 days after the suspension of flooding, especially when grown under high light conditions.
Tumor Regression in Lymph Node Metastases of Esophageal Adenocarcinomas after Neoadjuvant Therapy

Tumor regression following neoadjuvant treatment can be observed in lymph node (LN) metastases similar to the primary tumor in esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC). We evaluated the prognostic significance of tumor regression in LN metastases of locally advanced EAC of 239 patients treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCTX) or chemotherapy (CTX) followed by esophagectomy. We examined retrospectively the LN for histopathologic signs of regression, i.e., nodular fibrosis and acellular mucin. LN classification was performed according to two parameters: presence (−) or absence (+) of residual tumor and regression characteristics in the LN, resulting in four categories: LN−/REG−, LN−/REG+, LN+/REG+, LN+/REG−. In total, LN metastases with residual tumor were detectable in 117/239 (49%) cases. Regression in LN were observed in 85/239 cases (35.5%). The distribution of the LN/REG categories were as follows: 97 patients (40.6%) were LN−/REG−. A total of 25 patients (10.5%) were LN−/REG+. A total of 60 (25.1%) were LN+/REG+ and 57 (23.8%) LN+/REG−. The LN/Reg categorization had a significant prognostic value in univariate analysis (p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR = 1.326; p = 0.002) with similar results for the subgroups of patients treated with RCTX or CTX. The prognosis of LN−/REG+ was worse than LN−/REG− but better than both LN+ categories, which was demonstrated in the Kaplan–Meier curves but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.104 and p = 0.090, respectively). In contrast, there was no difference between LN+/REG+ and LN+/REG− (p = 0.802). In summary, regression in LN metastases of EAC can be observed in a significant number of patients after neoadjuvant therapy. Complete regression of former LN metastases in comparison to “true” negative LN seems to be of prognostic relevance but additional studies are needed to confirm this trend seen in our study.
Combining GNSS and accelerometer measurements for evaluation of dynamic and semi-static characteristics of bridge structures

With the increasing number of long span bridges, real-time, accurate and continuous monitoring of their safety is important at present. This study investigates the combination of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and accelerometer for monitoring dynamic and semi-static characteristics of bridge structures. A field experiment was conducted with the integration of a GNSS and accelerometer. Considering the noise interference of GNSS monitoring, performance tests were first conducted in different environments to investigate the noise characteristics. Next, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise-wavelet packet (CEEMDAN-WP) algorithm was chosen for denoising, among which a double criterion based on the correlation coefficient and effective coefficient was proposed to sift the intrinsic mode functions. After the noise reduction process, structural dynamic displacements and modal frequencies were successfully extracted from the 50 Hz GNSS real-time kinematic (GNSS-RTK) and accelerometer data, in which the displacements presented a consistent trend and the first natural frequency was the same (i.e. 0.369 Hz). Structural semi-static characteristics were evaluated by using 1 Hz (RTK), post-processed kinematic, and precise point positioning data. With reference to relevant specifications, the structural failure probability of the bridge in the vertical direction was calculated to be 0.4319. The results indicate that GNSS-RTK is reliable in monitoring structural dynamic and semi-static displacements of the bridge. Additionally, the proposed improved CEEMDAN-WP with double criterion is effective for background noise reduction. In addition, there may be some non-adequate behaviors, such as heavy traffic and vehicle overload, leading to the critical operation of the bridge.
Biological Study of Seasonal Monitoring and Diversity of Zooplankton of Sapna Dam, Betul District, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Diversity of zooplankton has been investigated to account for the density, diversity and seasonal variations of zooplankton in the freshwater habitat of Sapna Dam. Monitoring of zooplankton present in dam water was compared between three seasons of two sessions. The physicochemical properties of water such as temperature, pH, TDS, DO, BOD and COD were determined by selected parameters to obtain an accurate estimate of water quality and found some small fluctuations between the three different seasons from both seasons. Five groups such as Rotifera (8, species), Cladocera (3, species), Copepoda (3, species), Ostracoda (1, species), and Protozoa (3, species) were observed, with a total of 18 different species belonging to the above groups.
Estratégias de atenuação do conflito trabalho-família utilizadas por empreendedoras

This study analyzed female entrepreneur’s strategies to mitigate work-family conflict through qualitative and descriptive research using interviews with nine businesswomen. The results show that sharing roles by hiring professionals to help run the business, outsourcing domestic work, and family management are the main mitigation strategies. The study contributes to the incipient discussion about the positive effects of motherhood for the field of management, highlighting the reduction of conflicts, and business’ professionalization and growth. The research suggests public policies designed to help coordinating family and work demands, contributing to the development of women-led enterprises.
“It Makes You a Healthier Professional”: The Impact of Reflective Practice on Emerging Clinicians’ Self-Care

ABSTRACT Reflective practice helps clinicians manage the complexity and uncertainty inherent in day-to-day practice. This is important given the high rates of burnout, turnover, and trauma-related stress among social workers and other clinicians. Using focus groups with 55 social work and child development graduate students and alumni, this study explored how engaging in a reflective practice framework, including individual reflective supervision and reflective practice seminars, impacted emerging clinicians’ self-care in positive and meaningful ways. Participants reported being better able to care for themselves both personally and professionally; having improved emotional health; having better satisfaction, sustainability, and longevity on the job; and developing a new standard (model) for their future practice. This study has important implications for how higher education institutions prepare social work and other social service professionals, suggesting that the institutionalization of reflective practice during graduate school, may help future practitioners care better for not only their clients, but also themselves.
Dynamics of the proteome in human and farm animal milk

Abstract The milk proteome changes due to many factors, such as lactation, individual, health status, processing, and species differences. The objective of the work described in this thesis was to increase our understanding of the dynamics of proteome in human and farm animal milk, and its contributions on the improvement of infant formula. This study shows that milk proteome not only differs qualitatively and quantitatively but also differs in their changing rate over lactation between species, especially for immune-related proteins. In addition, milk proteome shows different stability under different processing within and between species. It is concluded that although milk proteome differs between species, the function of milk proteins is essentially the same for all newborns, in providing nutrients and immunity for their growth and development. Both enriching specific milk proteins and mild processing of milk proteins should be considered for the improvement of infant formula.
Small business investment: The importance of financing strategies and social networks

Correspondence Bach Nguyen, Economics, Finance and Entrepreneurship Department, Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham B47ET, UK. Email: nguyenb1@aston.ac. uk Abstract This study examines the association between financing strategies and firm investments. Employing theory of financing constraints and literature on formal/informal financing of small businesses to investigate a set of 15,851 observations of Vietnamese small businesses in 11 years, we suggest a pecking order of financing strategies in terms of firm investments, in ascending order as follows: (a) firms using no external finance, (b) firms using informal finance only, (c) firms using both formal and informal finance and (d) firms using formal finance only. In addition, we incorporate the theory of social capital to explore the moderating effect of networking on the relationship between financing and investment. Empirical results show that networks may enhance the relationship between informal finance and firm investments but not formal finance.
A Discussion Regarding the Measurement of Ventilation Rates Using Tracer Gas and Decay Technique

The measurement of ventilation rates is crucial in understanding buildings’ performances, but can be a rather complex task due to the time-dependency of wind and buoyancy forces, which are responsible for the pressure differences that induce air movement across the envelope. Thus, assessing air change rate through one-time measurements during brief periods of time may not be a reliable indicator. In this paper, the variability in the measurement of ventilation rates using the decay technique was evaluated. To that end, two compartments of a typical single-family detached dwelling were selected as a case study and 132 tests were performed, considering two different boundary conditions (door closed and door open). This work allowed the large variability of the results to be highlighted, as the coefficient of variation ranged from 20% to 64%. Wind speed had a key effect on the results, especially because during the measurements indoor–outdoor temperature differences were not so significant. The possibility of using occupant-generated carbon dioxide as tracer gas was also analyzed, but problems of cross-contamination were identified.