Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Disorder in a Patient with a Chief Complaint of Headache

As emergency medicine physicians, we have formulated an approach to managing patients with a chief complaint of headache that starts with considering the story the patient relays in the context of a wide differential. Here we will describe a case that presented to our emergency department in hopes to broaden your differential. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), well described in the neurology literature, is characterized by severe headaches that may or may not be accompanied by neurological symptoms and is definitively diagnosed by diffuse constriction of cerebral arteries on cerebral angiogram. Here we present a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with intermittent severe persistant headaches and was diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
VIABILITY OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE TASKS AS A METHOD FOR PASSWORD CATEGORIZATION

This study investigates the viability of using Human Intelligence Tasks (HIT) in password categorization. To achieve this, this study constructs and performs a HIT experiment on the online crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turks. The study performs the experiment on the site Amazon Mechanical Turks, and gathers data in the form of answers from the workers. A a mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data is performed to investigate on the workers ability to derive the categories of passwords from different categories and difficulties. The study results indicate that HIT workers seem to be unable to reliable categorize more complex passwords correctly, compared to more common and simple passwords. With this result, the study concludes that the quality and reliability of HIT password categorization is lower than would be required to make HIT a valid method for password categorization. The study ends with a discussion on how and why this may be the case and briefly discuss on how the HIT task might be changed in future development to increase its viability.
Making Convolutional Networks Recurrent for Visual Sequence Learning

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have emerged as a powerful model for a broad range of machine learning problems that involve sequential data. While an abundance of work exists to understand and improve RNNs in the context of language and audio signals such as language modeling and speech recognition, relatively little attention has been paid to analyze or modify RNNs for visual sequences, which by nature have distinct properties. In this paper, we aim to bridge this gap and present the first large-scale exploration of RNNs for visual sequence learning. In particular, with the intention of leveraging the strong generalization capacity of pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we propose a novel and effective approach, PreRNN, to make pre-trained CNNs recurrent by transforming convolutional layers or fully connected layers into recurrent layers. We conduct extensive evaluations on three representative visual sequence learning tasks: sequential face alignment, dynamic hand gesture recognition, and action recognition. Our experiments reveal that PreRNN consistently outperforms the traditional RNNs and achieves state-of-the-art results on the three applications, suggesting that PreRNN is more suitable for visual sequence learning.
Repeat modularity as a beneficial property of multiple CRISPR-Cas systems

ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems are a highly effective immune mechanism for prokaryotes, providing defense against invading foreign DNA. By definition, all CRISPR-Cas systems have short repeats interspersing their spacers. These repeats play a key role in preventing cleavage of self DNA and in the integration of new spacers. Here we focus on the phenomenon of repeat modularity, namely the unexpectedly high degree of repeat conservation across different systems within a genome or between different species. We hypothesize that modularity can be beneficial for CRISPR-Cas containing organisms, because it facilitates horizontal acquisition of ‘pre-immunized’ CRISPR arrays and allows the utilization of spacers acquired by one system for use by other systems within the same cell.
Comparison of Core Muscle Activation between a Prone Bridge and 6-RM Back Squats

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare core muscle activation during a prone bridge (plank) until failure and 6-RM back squats. Twelve resistance-trained males (age 23.5 ± 2.6 years, body mass 87.8 ± 21.3 kg, body height 1.81 ± 0.08 m) participated in this study. Total exercise time and EMG activity of the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique and erector spinae were measured during 6-RM back squats and a prone bridge with a weight of 20% of participants’ body mass on their lower back. The main findings showed non-significant differences between the exercises in the rectus abdominis or external oblique, but greater erector spinae activation in squatting. Furthermore, in contrast to the prone bridge, the erector spinae and rectus abdominis demonstrated increasing muscle activation throughout the repetitions while squatting, whereas the prone bride demonstrated increasing external oblique activation between the beginning and the middle of the set. It was concluded that since squatting resulted in greater erector spine activation, but similar rectus abdominis and oblique external activation as the prone bridge, high-intensity squats rather than isometric low intensity core exercises for athletes would be recommended.
Reducing Property Graph Queries to Relational Algebra for Incremental View Maintenance

The property graph data model of modern graph database systems is increasingly adapted for storing and processing heterogeneous datasets like networks. Many challenging applications with near real-time requirements -- e.g. financial fraud detection, recommendation systems, and on-the-fly validation -- can be captured with graph queries, which are evaluated repeatedly. To ensure quick response time for a changing data set, these applications would benefit from applying incremental view maintenance (IVM) techniques, which can perform continuous evaluation of queries and calculate the changes in the result set upon updates. However, currently, no graph databases provide support for incremental views. While IVM problems have been studied extensively over relational databases, views on property graph queries require operators outside the scope of standard relational algebra. Hence, tackling this problem requires the integration of numerous existing IVM techniques and possibly further extensions. In this paper, we present an approach to perform IVM on property graphs, using a nested relational algebraic representation for property graphs and graph operations. Then we define a chain of transformations to reduce most property graph queries to flat relational algebra and use techniques from discrimination networks (used in rule-based expert systems) to evaluate them. We demonstrate the approach using our prototype tool, ingraph, which uses openCypher, an open graph query language specified as part of an industry initiative. However, several aspects of our approach can be generalised to other graph query languages such as G-CORE and PGQL.
Effects of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Effluents on Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in a Rainforest Lotic Freshwater Ecosystem, Southern Nigeria

here has been increasing pollution of water bodies in Nigeria from anthropogenic activities. This has caused deterioration in water qualities. Wade et al. (2002), Walsh et al. (2002) and Arimoro and Osakwe (2006) listed anthropogenic activities to include release or discharge of agricultural waste from agro-allied industries, refineries, human and animal waste, laundering, car washing and wood waste.
Increased platelet-to-lymphocytes ratio is associated with poor long-term prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer after surgery

Abstract Several studies reported platelet-to-lymphocytes ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were associated with the mid-term survival or cancer stage in pancreatic cancer. However, the relationship between these markers and the long-term prognosis of pancreatic cancer is still unknown. We investigated the relationship between PLR, NLR, RDW, and the long-term prognosis of pancreatic cancer. We included 182 pancreatic cancer patients who received operation at Linzi District People 's Hospital between August 2010 and January 2017. PLR, NLR, and RDW control data was obtained from 150 health volunteers from January 2011 to January 2017. Blood biochemical data before operation, preoperative computed tomography information, and pathological data of the pancreatic cancer patients were retrospectively collected for further analysis. Independent long-term prognostic significance of PLR, NLR, and RDW were analyzed in pancreatic cancer patients. PLR, NLR, and RDW were significantly increased in pancreatic cancer group compared with the control. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the optimal cut-off values of PLR, NLR, and RDW were 150, 1.73, and 13.2 respectively. Overall survival (OS) analysis showed pancreatic cancer patients with PLR≥150 (median time, 24 vs 37.5 months, P = .005) or RDW≥13.2 (median time, 27 months vs 37.5 months, P = .018) had lower postoperative 5 year OS compared with pancreatic cancer patients with PLR<150 or RDW<13.2. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis for postoperative 5 year OS data showed PLR≥150 (HR = 2.451, 95% CI 1.215–4.947; P = .012) was still associated with the OS independently. Disease free survival (DFS) analysis showed pancreatic cancer patients with PLR≥150 (median time, 24 months vs 38 months, P = .002) or RDW≥13.2 (median time, 24 months vs 37.5 months, P = .006) had lower postoperative 5 year DFS compared with pancreatic cancer patients with PLR<150 or RDW<13.2. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis for postoperative 5 year DFS data showed PLR≥150 (HR = 2.712, 95% CI 1.367–5.379; P = .004) was independently associated with the DFS. In the present study, we find hematological biomarkers PLR≥150 is an independently predictive risk factor for the postoperative long-term prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. Our study may provide a convenient way for the prognostic assessment of pancreatic cancer patients.
Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Intensive Care Unit of Uruguay's University Hospital Identifies the First rmtC Gene in the Species

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections are an increasing concern in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. The combination of carbapenemases and 16S rRNA-methyltransferases (16S-RMTases) further reduces the therapeutic options. OXA-carbapenemase/A. baumannii clone tandems in Latin America have already been described; however, no information exists in this region regarding the occurrence of 16S-RMTases in this microorganism. In addition, the epidemiology of A. baumannii in ICUs and its associated resistance profiles are poorly understood. Our objectives were as follows: to study the clonal relationship and antibiotic resistance profiles of clinical and digestive colonizing A. baumannii isolates in an ICU, to characterize the circulating carbapenemases, and to detect 16S-RMTases. Patients admitted between August 2010 and July 2011 with a clinically predicted hospital stay > 48 hr were included. Pharyngeal and rectal swabs were obtained during the first fortnight after hospitalization. Resistance profiles were determined with MicroScan® and VITEK2 system. Carbapenemases and 16S-RMTases were identified by PCR and sequencing, and clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Sixty-nine patients were studied and 63 were diagnosed with bacterial infections. Among these, 29 were CRAB isolates; 49 A. baumannii were isolated as digestive colonizers. These 78 isolates were clustered in 7 pulsetypes, mostly belonging to ST79. The only carbapenemase genes detected were blaOXA-51 (n = 78), blaOXA-23 (n = 62), and blaOXA-58 (n = 3). Interestingly, two clinical isolates harbored the rmtC 16S-RMTase gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the presence of rmtC in A. baumannii.
Does perceived organisational support influence career intentions? The qualitative stories shared by UK early career doctors

Introduction The wish to quit or take time out of medical training appears to be related, at least in part, to a strong desire for supportive working and learning environments. However, we do not have a good understanding of what a supportive culture means to early career doctors, and how perceptions of support may influence career decision making. Our aim was to explore this in UK Foundation doctors. Methods This was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews incorporating a narrative inquiry approach for data collection. Interview questions were informed by the literature as well as data from two focus groups. Interviews were carried out in two UK locations. Initial data coding and analysis were inductive, using thematic analysis. We then used the lens of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) to group themes and aid conceptual generalisability. Results Twenty-one interviews were carried out. Eleven interviewees had applied for specialty training, while ten had not. Support from senior staff and colleagues influenced participants’ job satisfaction and engagement. Positive relationships with senior staff and colleagues seemed to act as a buffer, helping participants cope with challenging situations. Feeling valued (acknowledgement of efforts, and respect) was important. Conversely, perceiving a poor level of support from the organisation and its representatives (supervisors and colleagues) had a detrimental impact on participants’ intentions to stay working within the National Health Service (NHS). Conclusion Overall, this is the first study to explore directly how experiences in early postgraduate training have a critical impact on the career intentions of trainee/resident doctors. We found perceived support in the early stages of postgraduate training was critical to whether doctors applied for higher training and/or intended to stay working in the NHS. These findings have transferable messages to other contexts struggling to recruit and retain junior doctors.
Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Nodulating Rhizobia in Panxi, China, Are Diverse at Species, Plant Growth Promoting Ability, and Symbiosis Related Gene Levels

We isolated 65 rhizobial strains from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) from Panxi, China, studied their plant growth promoting ability with nitrogen free hydroponics, genetic diversity with clustered analysis of combined ARDRA and IGS-RFLP, and phylogeny by sequence analyses of 16S rRNA gene, three housekeeping genes and symbiosis related genes. Eleven strains improved the plant shoot dry mass significantly comparing to that of not inoculated plants. According to the clustered analysis of combined ARDRA and IGS-RFLP the isolates were genetically diverse. Forty-one of 65 isolates represented Rhizobium anhuiense, and the others belonged to R. fabae, Rhizobium vallis, Rhizobium sophorae, Agrobacterium radiobacter, and four species related to Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. The isolates carried four and five genotypes of nifH and nodC, respectively, in six different nifH-nodC combinations. When looking at the species-nifH-nodC combinations it is noteworthy that all but two of the six R. anhuiense isolates were different. Our results suggested that faba bean rhizobia in Panxi are diverse at species, plant growth promoting ability and symbiosis related gene levels.
PaMpeR: Proof Method Recommendation System for Isabelle/HOL

Deciding which sub-tool to use for a given proof state requires expertise specific to each interactive theorem prover (ITP). To mitigate this problem, we present PaMpeR, a proof method recommendation system for Isabelle/HOL. Given a proof state, PaMpeR recommends proof methods to discharge the proof goal and provides qualitative explanations as to why it suggests these methods. PaMpeR generates these recommendations based on existing hand-written proof corpora, thus transferring experienced users' expertise to new users. Our evaluation shows that PaMpeR correctly predicts experienced users' proof methods invocation especially when it comes to special purpose proof methods.
Central Corneal Thickness Increase Due to Stromal Thickening With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Severity

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and diabetes disease severity among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) compared with controls. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 34 participants were examined. DPN status was assessed by clinical examination, nerve conduction studies, and quantitative sensory testing. All participants underwent comprehensive eye examination that included intraocular pressure measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymetry, and the thickness of corneal layers was assessed by corneal confocal microscopy. Association of CCT and DPN was examined using ANOVA. Results: Among the 34 participants, there were 9 controls, 16 patients with mild DPN, and 9 patients with severe DPN. CCT was significantly increased in the DPN groups compared with controls (P = 0.0003). Mean CCT among controls was 552.7 ± 29.2 &mgr;m compared with 583.4 ± 25.0 &mgr;m in the mild DPN group and 613.3 ± 28.8 &mgr;m in the severe DPN group. In addition, stromal thickness differed significantly between the 3 study groups (P = 0.045). Mean stromal thickness among controls was 439.5 ± 23.5 &mgr;m compared with 478.9 ± 37.5 &mgr;m in the mild DPN group and 494.5 ± 39.1 &mgr;m in the severe DPN group. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CCT increases with DPN severity because of an increase in stromal thickness. CCT increase associated with DPN has important clinical implications including glaucoma progression, keratoconus susceptibility, and intraocular pressure assessment and should be accounted for when evaluating patients with diabetes.
LC3-associated phagocytosis initiated by integrin ITGAM-ITGB2/Mac-1 enhances immunity to Listeria monocytogenes

ABSTRACT The macroautophagic/autophagic machinery cannot only target cell-endogenous components but also intracellular pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are targeted both by canonical autophagy and by a noncanonical form of autophagy referred to as LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). The molecular mechanisms involved and whether these processes contribute to anti-listerial immunity or rather provide Listeria with a replicative niche for persistent infection, however, remained unknown. Recently, using an in vivo mouse infection model, we have been able to demonstrate that Listeria in tissue macrophages are targeted exclusively by LAP. Furthermore, our data show that LAP is required for killing of Listeria by macrophages and thereby contributes to anti-listerial immunity of mice, whereas canonical autophagy is completely dispensable. Moreover, we have elucidated the molecular mechanisms that trigger LAP of Listeria and identified the integrin ITGAM-ITGB2/Mac-1/CR3/integrin αMß2 as the receptor that initiates LAP in response to Listeria infection.
Characteristics of Adolescents Referred to a Gender Clinic: Are Youth Seen Now Different from Those in Initial Reports?

Background/Aims: To examine characteristics, including mental health comorbidities, among adolescents presenting to a transgender clinic and to compare these data to previous reports. Methods: Retrospective chart review among youth seen at The Hospital for Sick Children between January 2014 and June 2016. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and mental health comorbidities were assessed. Baseline and repeat blood work were also examined. Results: Charts from 203 adolescents aged 12–18 years were reviewed (156 assigned female at birth [AFAB] (77%) aged 16.3 ± 1.63 years, 47 assigned male at birth [AMAB] aged 16.1 ± 1.70 years). There was no statistically significant difference between gender groups except for Tanner stage (AFAB, mean 4.42 ± 0.8 and AMAB, mean 4.03 ± 1.1, p = 0.040). Individuals from racial/ethnic minority populations were under-represented compared to the background population. Self-report and baseline psychological questionnaires showed high levels of gender dysphoria, mood disorders, and suicidal ideation, with higher levels of anxiety detected on questionnaires among AFAB (p = 0.03). Laboratory abnormalities identified on baseline and repeat testing were minor; on cross-sex hormones, hemoglobin levels increased slightly in AFAB (p = 0.002, highest = 166 g/L) and decreased among AMAB (p = 0.02, lowest = 132 g/L). Conclusion: Our study supports an evolving demographic trend with more AFAB than AMAB youth now presenting to gender clinics. The data also corroborate studies indicating that extensive laboratory testing may not be a necessary part of caring for these youths. Why more AFAB are now presenting to clinic and racial/ethnic minorities are underrepresented is not clear, but these trends have important implications for clinical care and warrant further study.
RAPID STATE SWITCHING IN BALANCED CORTICAL NETWORK MODELS

We have explored a network model of cortical microcircuits based on integrate-and-fire neurons in a regime where the reset following a spike is small, recurrent excitation is balanced by feedback inhibition, and the activity is highly irregular. This regime cannot be described by a mean-field theory based on average activity levels because essential features of the model depend on fluctuations from the average. We propose a new way of scaling the strength of synaptic interaction with the size of the network: rather than scale the amplitude of the synapse we scale the neurotransmitter release probabilities with the number of inputs to keep the average input constant. This is consistent with the low transmitter release probability observed in a majority of hippocampal synapses. Another prominent feature of this regime is the ability of the network to switch rapidly between different states, as demonstrated in a model based on an orientation columns in the mammalian visual cortex. Both network and intrinsic .
Advancements in the oral delivery of Docetaxel: challenges, current state-of-the-art and future trends

The oral delivery of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs is challenging due to low bioavailability, gastrointestinal side effects, first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux pumps. Thus, chemotherapeutic drugs, including Docetaxel, are administered via an intravenous route, which poses many disadvantages of its own. Recent advances in pharmaceutical research have focused on designing new and efficient drug delivery systems for site-specific targeting, thus leading to improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. A decent number of studies have been reported for the safe and effective oral delivery of Docetaxel. These nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, hybrid nanoparticles, dendrimers and so on, have shown promising results in research papers and clinical trials. The present article comprehensively reviews the research efforts made so far in designing various advancements in the oral delivery of Docetaxel. Different strategies to improve oral bioavailability, prevent first-pass metabolism and inhibition of efflux pumping leading to improved pharmacokinetics and anticancer activity are discussed. The final portion of this review article presents key issues such as safety of nanomaterials, regulatory approval and future trends in nanomedicine research.