Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance gene dissipation in soil microcosms amended with antibiotics and swine manure.

The use of antibiotics in animal agriculture has exacerbated the presence of both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and residual antibiotics excreted in animal manure. Field application of this manure is a common practice as its nutrient rich material can benefit crop growth. However, this practice can also introduce antibiotics and ARGs into non-agricultural settings. The integration of prairie buffer strips within and at the edge of crop fields is a potential management solution to reduce concentrations of ARGs commonly transported via water runoff and infiltration. To investigate the fate of ARGs in directly manured crop field soils and surrounding, impacted prairie strip soils, an incubation experiment was conducted. Row crop and prairie strip soils sampled from three sites received either an antibiotic spike and swine manure addition or a control water addition. The concentrations of select ARGs were then monitored over a 72-day period. Although soil-vegetation type and site location were not observed to influence ARG dissipation, the select genes did display different half-lives from one another. For example, tetM demonstrated the fastest dissipation of the genes quantified (average half-life = 5.18 days). Conversely, sul1 did not conform to the first-order linear regression kinetics used to describe the other investigated genes and was highly abundant in control prairie strip soils. The quantified half-lives of these select ARGs are comparable to previous studies and can inform monitoring and mitigative efforts aimed at reducing the spread of ARGs in the environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Pyronaridine-artesunate in Asymptomatic Malaria-infected Individuals: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Pyronaridine-artesunate (PA) is a registered artemisinin-based combination therapy, potentially useful for mass drug administration campaigns. However, further data are needed to evaluate its efficacy, safety and tolerability as full or incomplete treatment in asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum-infected individuals. Methods This phase II, multi-center, open label, randomized clinical trial was conducted in The Gambia and Zambia. Participants with microscopically confirmed asymptomatic P. falciparum infection were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a 3-day, 2-day, or 1-day treatment regimen of PA (180:60 mg), dosed according to bodyweight. The primary efficacy outcome was polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-adjusted adequate parasitological response (APR) at day 28 in the per-protocol population. Results A total of 303 participants were randomized. Day 28 PCR-adjusted APR was 100% for both the 3-day (98/98) and 2-day regimens (96/96), and 96.8% (89/94) for the 1-day regimen. Efficacy was maintained at 100% until day 63 for the 3-day and 2-day regimens but declined to 94.4% (84/89) with the 1-day regimen. Adverse event frequency was similar between the 3-day (51.5% [52/101]), 2-day (52.5% [52/99]), and 1-day (54.4% [56/103]) regimens; the majority of adverse events were of grade 1 or 2 severity (85% [136/160]). Asymptomatic, transient increases (>3 times the upper limit of normal) in alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase were observed for 6/301 (2.0%) participants. Conclusions PA had high efficacy and good tolerability in asymptomatic P. falciparum-infected individuals, with similar efficacy for the full 3-day and incomplete 2-day regimens. Although good adherence to the 3-day regimen should be encouraged, these results support the further investigation of PA for mass drug administration campaigns. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03814616.
Managing Recurrent Orbital Lymphangioma in a Pubertal Female with Negative Pressure Aspiration and Intralesional Bleomycin Injection: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION Management of orbital lymphangioma is challenging. Complete surgical excision is often impossible due to its infiltrative nature. Sclerosing agents have been used in its management with variable outcomes. We report a case of recurrent orbital lymphangioma managed with intralesional bleomycin. CASE A 14-year-old female presented with proptosis of the right eye for two weeks. She had a similar history at five years of age for which she underwent surgical excision. We performed negative pressure aspiration using a 20-gauge angiocatheter, injected bleomycin, and left the cannula in situ for repeat aspiration to maintain cyst collapse. OBSERVATION The lymphangioma regressed, and there was no recurrence at six months of follow-up. CONCLUSION This report highlights the use of negative pressure aspiration and intralesional bleomycin injection by minimal intervention using angiocatheter in the successful management of orbital lymphangioma.
Identification of growth differentiation factor 15 as a pro‐fibrotic factor in mouse liver fibrosis progression

The aim of this study was elucidate the inhibitory role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in liver fibrosis and its possible activation mechanism in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of mice. We generated a GDF15‐neutralizing antibody that can inhibit TGF‐β1–induced activation of the TGF‐β/Smad2/3 pathway in LX‐2 cells. All the mice in this study were induced by carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide. In addition, primary HSCs from mice were isolated from fresh livers using Nycodenz density gradient separation. The severity and extent of liver fibrosis were evaluated by Sirius Red and Masson staining. The effect of GDF15 on the activation of the TGF‐β pathway was detected using dual‐luciferase reporter and Western blotting assays. The expression of GDF15 in cirrhotic liver tissue was higher than that in normal liver tissue. Blocking GDF15 with a neutralizing antibody resulted in a delay in primary hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide. Meanwhile, TGF‐β pathway activation was partly inhibited by a GDF15‐neutralizing antibody in primary HSCs. These results indicated that GDF15 plays an important role in regulating HSC activation and liver fibrosis progression. The inhibition of GDF15 attenuates chemical‐inducible liver fibrosis and delays hepatic stellate cell activation, and this effect is probably mainly attributed to its regulatory role in TGF‐β signalling.
The measurement properties of tests and tools used in cystic fibrosis studies: a systematic review

There is no consensus on how best to measure responses to interventions among children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). We have systematically reviewed and summarised the characteristics and measurement properties of tests and tools that have been used to capture outcomes in studies among people with CF, including their reliability, validity and responsiveness. This review is intended to guide researchers when selecting tests or tools for measuring treatment effects in CF trials. A consensus set of these tests and tools could improve consistency in how outcomes are captured and thereby facilitate comparisons and synthesis of evidence across studies. A diverse range of tests and tools were found, these varied with respect to their measurement properties. There was inconsistency in the selection of tests and tools to measure the same/similar outcomes across studies. Consensus is required. https://bit.ly/3nw2uoE
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry dereplication strategy for isolation of oligostilbenes

The leaves of Neobalanocarpus heimii were investigated for their oligostilbene contents. Prior to isolation process, the determinations of compounds were based on mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns. Three compounds, heimiol B, hopeaphenol and vaticaphenol A were identified directly from the crude extract. Preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to isolate and purify the other compounds. The purified compounds were then analyzed using NMR spectroscopy to identify the compound structure and stereochemistry. The result shows that the leaves extract of N. heimii contain three other oligostilbenes; vaticanol A, balanocarpol and vaticaphenol A, and a galactopyranose.
Mapping the evidence of intimate partner violence among women living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Objectives The present study undertakes a scoping review aimed to map the evidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. Design We used the online database to identify papers published from 1 January 2009 to 1 April 2019, from which we selected 21 articles from Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Zambia, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Tanzania and Swaziland that used IPV as an outcome variable among women living with HIV/AIDS. Data sources PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO host, Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria We included women who were aged 15 years and above, living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Data extraction and synthesis We conducted the abstract screening with two independent reviewers. We also performed full-text screening. We used the six methodological frameworks proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to determine the quality of the studies. We used NVIVO software V.12 to undertake a thematic analysis. Results Of the studies, the majority, 57.1%, reported cross-sectional results. In comparison, 23.8% examined qualitative studies, 9.5% were clinical trials, 4.8% were cohort studies and the remaining 4.8% covered grey literature. This review revealed evidence of IPV experience among women with HIV/AIDS, evidence of how HIV status disclosure influences IPV, proof of the association of sociodemographic characteristics with IPV and implications for practice. Moreover, the review revealed that following the serostatus disclosure, there is evidence of heightened risk for IPV. Conclusions This study found evidence of IPV among women living with HIV/AIDS. The HIV-positive women were at considerable risk of IPV after disclosure of their serostatus to a male partner. Therefore, further research is needed to promote action to reduce IPV among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and to determine healthcare workers’ IPV screening experience.
How machine learning is impacting research in atrial fibrillation: implications for risk prediction and future management

Abstract There has been an exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) publications aimed at advancing our understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF), which has been mainly driven by the confluence of two factors: the advances in deep neural networks (DeepNNs) and the availability of large, open access databases. It is observed that most of the attention has centred on applying ML for dvsetecting AF, particularly using electrocardiograms (ECGs) as the main data modality. Nearly a third of them used DeepNNs to minimize or eliminate the need for transforming the ECGs to extract features prior to ML modelling; however, we did not observe a significant advantage in following this approach. We also found a fraction of studies using other data modalities, and others centred in aims, such as risk prediction, AF management, and others. From the clinical perspective, AI/ML can help expand the utility of AF detection and risk prediction, especially for patients with additional comorbidities. The use of AI/ML for detection and risk prediction into applications and smart mobile health (mHealth) technology would enable ‘real time’ dynamic assessments. AI/ML could also adapt to treatment changes over time, as well as incident risk factors. Incorporation of a dynamic AI/ML model into mHealth technology would facilitate ‘real time’ assessment of stroke risk, facilitating mitigation of modifiable risk factors (e.g. blood pressure control). Overall, this would lead to an improvement in clinical care for patients with AF.
[Analysis of economic benefits of Chinese medicine eco-agriculture based on multiple stakeholders].

As the most advanced environment-friendly production model in the international society, ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica(CMM) is the only way for the development of modern agriculture. With the proposal of the declaration on ecolo-gical agriculture of CMM, "Don't grab land from farmland, don't be enemies of grass and insects, don't be afraid of barren slopes and forests, and live up to the green and green mountains", the ecological planting of CMM has blossomed all over the country, and formed a scientific theory, technology and model. Based on the theory and method of economics, this paper expounds the comprehensive benefits and development advantages of ecological agriculture of CMM from the perspectives of farmers(producers), patients(consumers) and the country. From the perspective of medicinal farmers, the input and output income of conventional agriculture and ecological agriculture of CMM such as Panax ginseng, Astragalus propinquus, Atractylodes lancea, and Bupleurum chinense were compared, and it was found that ecological agriculture of CMM had obvious advantages in net income, average annual income and input-output ratio, which could better promote farmers' income. From the perspective of patients, according to the same dose, the content of active ingredients in ecologically planted CMMs is significantly higher than that in conventionally-planted herbs, and the amount of effective substances taken by patients is also higher, so as to achieve better therapeutic effect. At the national level, ecological planting of CMM is the key to ensuring the high-quality development of CMM industry, increasing farmers' income, ensuring the safety of people's drug use and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. It is also an important part of realizing the harmonious development of economy, society and environment and promoting ecological civilization. In general, the declaration on ecological agriculture of CMM embo-dies the core characteristics and goals of ecological agriculture, and also points of the path and vision of ecological agriculture of CMM in the future. The declaration will guide production practice, promote the benefit of farmers, and lay the foundation for the sustainable development of CMM industry.
Initial moisture effects on herbal biomass torrefaction behavior: Gaseous products evolution and char structure analysis

ABSTRACT Initial moisture effects on biomass torrefaction were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) methods. Mass degradation properties, gaseous products’ evolution characteristics, and biomass char chemical structural features were studied. Results show that during torrefaction process, the evaporation of water will create a porous structure inside the solid particles, hence extend the mass loss time intervals. Gaseous products’ evolutions were favored, while tar was reduced because of enhanced secondary decomposition. Char structure analysis suggested that –OH stretch was slightly strengthened through water molecule decomposition and other radical reactions, which would increase the reactivity of char gasification and combustion.
Effects of Fertilization on Nanguo Pear Fruit Chlorophyll Content,Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation

Through the determination processes for the index of chlorophyll content,peroxide enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content etc,in Nanguo pear tree amended with different fertilization treatments,the effect of fertilization on the oxidation resistance and the membrane lipid peroxidation of fruit tree leaf were investigated,which putting forward a theoretical basis for maintaining the chlorophyll stability.The result indicated that the content of chlorophyll had an extremely significantly positive correlation to peroxidase activity and an obviously negative correlation to content of malondialdehyde in fruit tree leaves.Content of Chlorophyll and peroxidase activity rose with the increase of nitrogen and the reduction of phosphorus dosage,and increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of potash application.Content of malondialdehyde declined with an increase of nitrogen and potash,and decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of phosphorus application rate.Suitable dosage of these fertilizers could be beneficial to improving the content of chlorophyll,antioxidant enzymes system of antioxidant capacity and stress-resistance of the Nanguo pear tree leaf.
Mental Health Assessment of the Frequent Visitor-Part 2: Assessment and Interventions

This article is the second part of a two-part series on mental health in school-age children. The focus of this article is on mental health assessment in the school setting, including the use of screening tools, with a review of common medications prescribed for youth with anxiety and depression. Students with mental health conditions frequently seek refuge in the school health office, many times for psychosomatic complaints such as stomach ache, headache, nausea, and fatigue. School nurses need to be adept to assess mental health and intervene as necessary.
Influence of dye and nylon fibers on microwave-cured acrylic resin properties

ABSTRACT ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to analyze if both color and nylon fibers have an influence on microwave-cured acrylic resin properties.MethodsRectangular and disk-shaped specimens were prepared using acrylic resins; medium pink with and without nylon fibers and colorless without nylon fibers. To obtain the rectangular specimens, a stainless steel die was used with the following dimensions: 64 X 10 x 3 mm (± 0.5mm). To obtain disk-shaped specimens, a die 50mm (±0.5mm) in diameter and 0.5mm (±0.05mm) thick was employed. They were randomized to form groups: control (colorless acrylic) and experimental (medium pink, with and without nylon fibers), with each group consisting of ten (10) specimens rectangular in shape and five (5) disk-shaped. They were analyzed in six (6) assays (izod impact strength, n=10; Knoop hardness, n=10; glass transition temperature, n=3; water sorption and solubility, n=5; degree of monomer/polymer conversion, n=1; flexural strength and flexural modulus, n=10). All variables were subjected to the analysis of variance test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, at a 5% level of significance.ResultsThe analysis of the monomer/polymer degree of conversion did not reveal any difference between the three groups of resins (medium pink, with and without nylon fibers and colorless resin); it was approximately 88%. The results did not show significant differences between the groups for each variable (p>0.05). ConclusionThe results showed that color and presence of nylon fibers in acrylic resins did not affect the properties analyzed in this study.Indexing terms: Acrylic resins. Microwave. Nylons.
Bisulphite miRNA-seq reveals widespread CpG and non-CpG 5-(hydroxy)methyl-Cytosine in human microRNAs

ABSTRACT In the last decade, the field of epitranscriptomics highlighted a wide array of post-transcriptional modifications in human RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Recent reports showed that human miRNAs undergo cytosine methylation. We describe the first high-throughput NGS-based method (BS-miRNA-seq) and an analysis pipeline (MAmBA) to attain high-resolution mapping of (hydroxy)-methyl-5-cytosine ((h)m5C) modifications in human miRNAs. Our method uncovers that miRNAs undergo widespread cytosine modification in various sequence contexts. Furthermore, validation of our data with specific antibodies reveals both m5C and hm5C residues in human mature miRNAs. BS-miRNA-seq and MAmBA may contribute to the precise mapping of (h)m5C on miRNAs in various cell types and tissues, a key achievement towards the understanding of the functional implications of this modification in miRNAs. MAmBA is available for download at https://github.com/flcvlr/MAmBA
Progress toward Developing Sensitive Non-Sputum-Based Tuberculosis Diagnostic Tests: the Promise of Urine Cell-Free DNA

A highly accurate, non-sputum-based test for tuberculosis (TB) detection is a key priority for the field of TB diagnostics. A recent study in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology by Oreskovic and colleagues (J Clin Microbiol 59:e00074-21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00074-21) reports the performance of an optimized urine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) test using sequence-specific purification combined with short-target PCR to improve the accuracy of TB detection. ABSTRACT A highly accurate, non-sputum-based test for tuberculosis (TB) detection is a key priority for the field of TB diagnostics. A recent study in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology by Oreskovic and colleagues (J Clin Microbiol 59:e00074-21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00074-21) reports the performance of an optimized urine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) test using sequence-specific purification combined with short-target PCR to improve the accuracy of TB detection. Their retrospective clinical study utilized frozen urine samples (n = 73) from study participants diagnosed with active pulmonary TB in South Africa and compared results to non-TB patients in South Africa and the United States in an early-phase validation study. Overall, this cfDNA technique detected TB with a sensitivity of 83.7% (95% CI: 71.0 to 91.5) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 86.2 to 100), which meet the World Health Organization’s published performance criteria. Sensitivity was 73.3% in people without HIV (95% CI: 48.1 to 89.1) and 76% in people with smear-negative TB (95% CI: 56.5 to 88.5). In this commentary, we discuss the results of this optimized urine TB cfDNA assay within the larger context of TB diagnostics and pose additional questions for further research.
CAR-T failure: beyond antigen loss and T cells.

Despite the unprecedented efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory LBCL, durable responses are observed in,40% of patients.2,3 Prior studies have reported that antigen escape due to CD19 loss may be one mechanismof resistanceobserved in;30% of patients with LBCL who relapse after axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.2,4,5 Other studies showed an association between T-cell intrinsic factors and CAR-T failure: a central memory phenotype (CCR7CD27) of T cells in CAR-T infusion products was associatedwith durable responses, whereas an exhausted phenotype, defined by increased LAG-3 and TIM-3 expression, predicted early relapse.6 Similar associations have also been described between T-cell characteristics in leukapheresis products and clinical efficacy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.7 Among clinical factors, poor performance status, high systemic inflammatory state, and high tumor burden, assessed by tumor size, total metabolic tumor volume, or serum lactate dehydrogenase, have consistently been shown tobe associatedwith lower efficacy after CAR T-cell therapy.4,5,8 Why these clinical factors are associated with inferior outcomes has been unclear. The report by Jain and colleagues provides important insights into potential mechanisms of CAR-T resistance in such patients.