Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary investigation of extracellular vesicles in mammary cancer of dogs and cats: Identification and characterization.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles produced by cells, known to play a key role in cell-to-cell communication. They exert pleiotropic biological functions via the horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules (DNA, RNAs, proteins, and lipids) within the tumour microenvironment and throughout the body. In human cancer, EVs are known to interfere with pathways that lead to tumour progression and are used as novel cancer biomarkers. In veterinary medicine, very little is known on cancer-derived EVs. In this study, we preliminarily characterized EVs in mammary gland cancer of dogs and cats. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from canine (CYPp), feline (FMCp) and human (MCF7) mammary tumour cell lines. EVs were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), counted using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and characterized by immunogold (CD63 and Alix) and western blot (Alix and TSG101). Additionally, EV production by "donor" cells (palmtdTomato+ ) and uptake by "recipient" cells (GFP+ ) were assessed. EVs were successfully isolated from all 3 cell lines by ultracentrifugation. Membrane-bound structures (50-400 nm) were identified by TEM and were positive for both CD63 and Alix at immunogold. Western blot showed positivity of EVs to Alix and TSG101. NTA analysis detected EVs from cell culture media ranging from 1.67 to 2.56 × 102 as number of EVs/cell and from 80 to 600 nm in size. Confocal microscopy identified the presence of palmtdTomato+ EVs into the cytoplasm of GFP+ cells. This preliminary study identified and characterized canine and feline mammary tumour cell-derived EVs, opening in veterinary medicine a new interesting unexplored field with several applications and limitless potential.
Interactions between individual feeding behaviour, growth, and swimming performance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed different rations

Aerobic swimming performance (critical swimming speed, Ucrit), food consumption per meal (by X-ray radiography), specific growth rate (SGR), haematocrit, and fin condition were monitored in individual juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were held in groups over a 9-week period and fed daily group rations (dry food) of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% wet body mass (BM)·day-1. SGR declined and competition increased at lower ration levels, as reflected by greater fin damage, reduced haematocrits and condition factors, and, at 0.5% BM·day-1, a substantial increase in the coefficient of variation among individual meals. Absolute Ucrit also declined at lower ration levels. However, there was no relationship between Ucrit and haematocrit, fin damage, or condition factor in any of the ration groups. A negative correlation was found between Ucrit and SGR in individual trout fed a group ration of 2.0% BM·day-1, but a positive correlation was seen at 0.5% BM·day-1 and no relationship at 1.0 and 1.5% BM·da.
Highly automated image recomposition: the picture you wish you had taken

Have you ever lamented, "I wish I had taken a different picture of that 'Kodak Moment' when everyone was smiling and no one blinked"? With image recomposition, we strive to deliver the "one-click fix" experience to customers so they can easily create the perfect pictures that they never actually took. To accomplish this, a graphic user interface was created that integrates existing and new algorithms, including face detection, facial feature location, face recognition, expression recognition, face appearance and pose matching, and seamless blending. Advanced modes include face relighting. This system is capable of performing image recomposition from a mixture of videos and still photos, with ease of use and a high degree of automation.
Missense mutations in the dopamine transporter gene associate with adult parkinsonism and ADHD Supplementary Information

Freja H. Hansen, Tina Skjørringe, Saiqa Yasmeen, Natascha V. Arends, Michelle A. Sahai, Kevin Erreger, Thorvald F. Andreassen, Marion Holy, Peter J. Hamilton, Viruna Neergheen, Merete Karlsborg, Amy H. Newman, Simon Pope, Simon JR. Heales , Lars Friberg, Ian Law, Lars H. Pinborg, Harald H. Sitte, Claus Loland, Lei Shi, Harel Weinstein, Aurelio Galli, Lena E. Hjermind, Lisbeth B. Møller & Ulrik Gether
Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone at entry into lay of year 1980 vs. 2000 broiler breeder females under fast and slow release from feed restriction

In the mid-1960s egg production, fertility, and hatchability of broiler breeder females dropped precipitously. Due to disrupted follicle hierarchies and development of the erratic oviposition and defective eggs (EODES) syndrome. EODES was controlled by restricting feed. In the 1990s, another set of problems arose at entry of broiler breeders into lay and characterized by high mortality followed by lower peak lay and reduction in egg and chick production. These problems are induced by even slight over-feeding, and hence we termed it the "Over Feeding Complex" (OFC). We have speculated that OFC is a quasi-EODES condition, induced by the intense selection for increased breast proportion. To test this, we compared, under fast (FF) and slow (SF) release from feed restriction, body composition and reproductive performance of a broiler breeder from year 1980 (B1980) and kept without selection for performance traits since then, to a line hatched in 2000 (B2000). During the first 16 d of lay, feeding treatment had little effect on egg mass or Laying % for the B1980 birds, while for the B2000 birds, SF treatment resulted in significantly greater egg mass and Laying % compared to FF, showing that the OFC indeed manifested in this experiment. However, contrary to hypothesis, follicle hierarchies were normal for both lines under both feeding treatments. To gain further insight into the OFC syndrome, we here report levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone for these line and treatment groups in the time period leading up to and into lay. A significant line × feeding treatment interaction effect was found for estradiol and testosterone, to a lesser extent for progesterone. For all 3 hormones, for B1980 levels 2 to 3 wk post entry into lay were similar and intermediate under FF and SF, but differed significantly for B2000, being much greater under SF than under FF. Thus, the hormonal effects were parallel and may explain the egg mass and Laying % effects of FF and SF in the 2 genetic types.
Identification of Flaws in the Design of Signatures for Intrusion Detection Systems

Signature-based Intrusion Detection System (SIDS) provides a promising solution to the problem of web application security. However, the performance of the system highly relies on the quality of the signatures designed to detect attacks. A weak signature set may considerably cause an increase in false alarm rate, making impractical to deploy the system. The objective of the paper is to identify the flaws in the signature structure which are responsible to reduce the efficiency of the detection system. The paper targets SQL injection signatures particularly. Initially, some essential concepts of the domain of the attack that should be focused by the developer in prior to designing the signatures have been discussed. Afterwards, we conducted a case study on the well known PHPIDS tool for analyzing the quality of its SQL signatures. Based on the analysis, we identify various flaws in the designing practice that yield inefficient signatures. We divide the weak signatures into six categories, namely incomplete, irrelevant, semi-relevant, susceptible, redundant and inconsistent signatures. Moreover, we quantify these weaknesses and define them mathematically in terms of set theory. To the best of our knowledge, we have identified some novel signature design issues. The paper will basically assist the signature developer to know what level of expertise is required for devising a quality signature set and how a little ignorance may lead to deterioration in the performance of the SIDS. Furthermore, a security expert may evaluate the detector against the identified flaws by conducting structural analysis on its signature set.
Multiple Culprit Coronary Artery Thrombosis in a Patient with Coronary Ectasia

We here report a case of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to simultaneous acute coronary artery occlusions of two major coronary arteries in a patient with coronary ectasia. The patient had been previously submitted to percutaneous coronary angioplasty with bare metal stent implantation in both culprit vessels. Very late stent thrombosis could be the cause of the first occlusion, triggering the event in the other vessel. In addition, concomitant embolic sources were not identified. Although routine aspiration thrombectomy in STEMI was not proven to be beneficial in randomized clinical trials, it was of great value in this case. We also discuss the relation between coronary ectasia, chronic inflammatory status, and increased platelet activity which may have caused plaque disruption in another already vulnerable vessel.
Photosynthetic capacity and leaf nitrogen decline along a controlled climate gradient in provenances of two widely distributed Eucalyptus species

Climate is an important factor limiting tree distributions and adaptation to different thermal environments may influence how tree populations respond to climate warming. Given the current rate of warming, it has been hypothesized that tree populations in warmer, more thermally stable climates may have limited capacity to respond physiologically to warming compared to populations from cooler, more seasonal climates. We determined in a controlled environment how several provenances of widely distributed Eucalyptus tereticornis and E. grandis adjusted their photosynthetic capacity to +3.5°C warming along their native distribution range (~16–38°S) and whether climate of seed origin of the provenances influenced their response to different growth temperatures. We also tested how temperature optima (Topt) of photosynthesis and Jmax responded to higher growth temperatures. Our results showed increased photosynthesis rates at a standardized temperature with warming in temperate provenances, while rates in tropical provenances were reduced by about 40% compared to their temperate counterparts. Temperature optima of photosynthesis increased as provenances were exposed to warmer growth temperatures. Both species had ~30% reduced photosynthetic capacity in tropical and subtropical provenances related to reduced leaf nitrogen and leaf Rubisco content compared to temperate provenances. Tropical provenances operated closer to their thermal optimum and came within 3% of the Topt of Jmax during the daily temperature maxima. Hence, further warming may negatively affect C uptake and tree growth in warmer climates, whereas eucalypts in cooler climates may benefit from moderate warming.
Mechanical stresses in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Material anisotropy a parametric study

Biomechanical studies suggest that one determinant of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is related to the stress in the wall. To date, stress analysis conducted on AAA is mainly driven by isotropic tissue models. However, recent biaxial tensile tests performed on AAA tissue samples demonstrate the anisotropic nature of this tissue. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of geometry and material anisotropy on the magnitude and distribution of the peak wall stress in AAAs. Three-dimensional computer models of symmetric and asymmetric AAAs were generated. A five parameter exponential type structural strain-energy function was used to model the anisotropic behavior of the AAA tissue. The anisotropy is determined by the orientation of the collagen fibers (one parameter of the model). The results suggest that shorter aneurysms are more critical when asymmetries are present. They show a strong influence of the material anisotropy on the magnitude and distribution of the peak stress.
A machine learning based approach to human observer behaviour analysis in CCTV video analytics & forensics

Human observer behaviour analysis in image and video inspection in many areas of practical application is conducted based on using data captured by eye tracking devices. Such data is analysed using statistical approaches leading to the creation of useful information and the ability to make decisions about the content. CCTV observer behaviour analysis is one example of a most widely used application. Unfortunately, the information and knowledge that such statistical approaches to data analysis can create is rather limited, especially the trends and patterns of data cannot be easily analysed. Thus, important information and knowledge that the data can provide may not be identifiable. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to human observer eye tracking data analysis based on machine learning algorithms. Further, in order to conduct a more detailed and practically useful data analysis, we specifically analyse the attention human observers given instructions to search for specified content. We provide experimental results to demonstrate the significance and novelty of the information and knowledge that this novel approach to data analysis can provide. To the authors' knowledge, there is no work in literature that has proposed the use of machine learning in eye tracking data analysis.
Spontaneous Reduction of Elbow Dislocation with Entrapment of Medial Epicondyle in Children: A Case Report

Introduction: Elbow dislocation accounts 3-6% of all pediatric elbow injuries. Medial epicondyle is the most common fracture related to the elbow dislocation in pediatric population. About 15-18% of medial epicondyle fractures related to dislocation present with the incarceration of medial epicondyle in the elbow joint after reduction. This situation is the only absolute surgical indication for epicondyle fracture in this population. Case Report: A 15-year-old male children admitted to the emergency department with swelling, pain, and limitation of elbow range of motion after falling off a horse. Plain radiographs of the elbow revealed incongruity and increase in joint space of the elbow. When looked at carefully the medial epicondyle was seen not in the anatomic position but in the joint. Urgent surgery was performed. The medial epicondyle was removed from the joint and fixed its position with a 4 mm diameter cannulated lag screw, under fluoroscopy control. Then, the tear of the origin of flexor muscle groups on medial epicondyle was repaired with a 5.5 mm suture anchor. Conclusion: Due to the well-established association between elbow dislocation and incarcerated medial epicondyle fracture, it is easy to address the entrapment of bone fragment into the joint if any suspicion exists after reduction. However, spontaneous reduction of elbow dislocation is also possible, and it leads to the challenge of diagnosis. Due to that reason, surgeon must suspect the possibility of medial epicondyle entrapment if there is gross swelling, crepitation, and limitation of elbow range of motion although there is no dislocation.
Should thoracic paravertebral blocks be used to prevent chronic postsurgical pain after breast cancer surgery? A systematic analysis of evidence in light of IMMPACT recommendations

Abstract The role of thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) in preventing chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after breast cancer surgery (BCS) has gained interest, but existing evidence is conflicting, and its methodological quality is unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates efficacy of PVB, compared with Control group, in preventing CPSP after BCS, in light of the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) recommendations. Electronic databases were searched for randomized trials comparing PVB with Control group for CPSP prevention after BCS. Eligible trials were assessed for adherence to IMMPACT recommendations. The primary outcomes were CPSP at 3 and 6 months, whereas secondary outcomes were PVB-related complications. Data were pooled and analyzed using random-effects modelling. Trial sequential analysis was used to evaluate evidence conclusiveness. Data from 9 studies (604 patients) were analyzed. The median (range) of IMMPACT recommendations met in these trials was 9 (5, 15) of 21. Paravertebral block was not different from Control group in preventing CPSP at 3 months, but was protective at 6 months, with relative risk reduction (95% confidence interval) of 54% (0.24-0.88) (P = 0.02). Meta-regression suggested that the relative risk of CPSP was lower when single-injection (R2 = 1.00, P < 0.001) and multilevel (R2 = 0.71, P = 0.01) PVB were used. Trial sequential analysis revealed that 6-month analysis was underpowered by at least 312 patients. Evidence quality was moderate according to the GRADE system. Evidence suggests that multilevel single-injection PVB may be protective against CPSP at 6 months after BCS, but methodological limitations are present. Larger trials observing IMMPACT recommendations are needed to confirm this treatment effect and its magnitude.
Effective monitoring of an air quality network

Air pollution in urban areas could be considered as one of the most dangerous types of pollution that can cause impact health and the ecosystem. Hence, monitoring air quality networks has captivated the interest of various research studies. In this context, this paper deals with Fault Detection of an Air Quality Monitoring Network. The proposed approach is based on nonlinear principal component analysis to cope with modeling of nonlinear data. In addition, the fault detection would be improved by combining exponentially weighted moving average with hypothesis testing technique: generalized likelihood ratio test. The evaluation was carried out on an Air Quality Monitoring Network (AQMN). The results revealed a good results compared to the classical PCA.
The evolving role of percutaneous biopsy in renal masses

Purpose of review To review the current literature concerning the role of biopsy for renal masses. Recent findings Improvements in biopsy techniques lead to a redefinition of the role of renal mass biopsy (RMB). Additionally, several studies highlighted the safety, high diagnostic accuracy, and very low rate of clinically relevant complications of RMB. As the knowledge about the nature of renal masses has expanded, and management options for small renal masses are increasing, the current indications for RMB and its role for the management of small renal masses are also expanding. Summary The future role of RMB will be influenced by the combination of pathological, molecular, and genetic information that will, heighten and improve our knowledge about these lesions and set the stage for risk-adapted personalized medicine.
A Fog-Based Hierarchical Trust Mechanism for Sensor-Cloud Underlying Structure

In recent years, Sensor-Cloud has become a hot issue. In this structure, there are some security problems that can be well solved by trust mechanism. However, there are some deficiencies in existing trust mechanism, especially for the Sensor-Cloud underlying structure. We propose a fog-based hierarchical trust mechanism for these deficiencies. This hierarchical structure is not only easy to establish and implement, but also moves heavy and fine-grained data analysis tasks to the fog layer. The experimental results indicate that this fog-based hierarchical structure can deal well in saving network energy, guaranteeing a fast malicious node detect speed, detecting hidden data attacks and recovering misjudgment nodes in an allowable delay range.
Inflammatory and nutritional statuses of patients submitted to resection of gastrointestinal tumors.

OBJECTIVE to evaluate the association between the nutritional and the inflammatory statuses of patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract undergoing surgical resection and to identify predictors of mortality in these patients. METHODS we conducted a prospective study of 41 patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer submitted to surgery between October 2012 and December 2014. We evaluated the nutritional status by subjective and objective methods. We assessed the inflammatory response and prognosis using the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Onodera Prognostic Nutritional Index (mPNI), Inflammatory-Nutritional Index (INI) and C-Reactive Protein/Albumin ratio (mPINI). RESULTS half of the patients were malnourished and 27% were at nutritional risk. There was a positive association between the percentage of weight loss (%WL) and the markers NLR (p=0.047), mPINI (p=0.014) and INI (p=0.015). Serum albumin levels (p=0.015), INI (p=0.026) and mPINI (p=0.026) were significantly associated with the PG-SGA categories. On multivariate analysis, albumin was the only inflammatory marker independently related to death (p=0.004). CONCLUSION inflammatory markers were significantly associated with malnutrition, demonstrating that the higher the inflammatory response, the worse the PG-SGA (B and C) scores and the higher the %WL in these patients. However, further studies aimed at improving surgical outcomes and determining the role of these markers as predictors of mortality are required.
Metabolic Response of the Immature Right Ventricle to Acute Pressure Overloading

Background Surgical palliation or repair of complex congenital heart disease in early infancy can produce right ventricular (RV) pressure overload, often leading to acute hemodynamic decompensation. The mechanisms causing this acute RV dysfunction remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the immature right ventricle lacks the ability to modify substrate metabolism in order to meet increased energy demands induced by acute pressure overloading. Methods and Results Twenty‐two infant male mixed breed Yorkshire piglets were randomized to a sham operation (Control) or pulmonary artery banding yielding >2‐fold elevation over baseline RV systolic pressure. We used carbon 13 (13C)‐labeled substrates and proton nuclear magnetic resonance to assess RV energy metabolism. [Phosphocreatine]/[ATP] was significantly lower after pulmonary artery banding. [Phosphocreatine]/[ATP] inversely correlated with energy demand indexed by maximal sustained RV systolic pressure/left ventricular systolic pressure. Fractional contributions of fatty acids to citric acid cycle were significantly lower in the pulmonary artery banding group than in the Control group (medium‐chain fatty acids; 14.5±1.6 versus 8.2±1.0%, long‐chain fatty acids; 9.3±1.5 versus 5.1±1.1%). 13C‐flux analysis showed that flux via pyruvate decarboxylation did not increase during RV pressure overloading. Conclusions Acute RV pressure overload yielded a decrease in [phosphocreatine]/[ATP] ratio, implying that ATP production did not balance the increasing ATP requirement. Relative fatty acids oxidation decreased without a reciprocal increase in pyruvate decarboxylation. The data imply that RV inability to adjust substrate oxidation contributes to energy imbalance, and potentially to contractile failure. The data suggest that interventions directed at increasing RV pyruvate decarboxylation flux could ameliorate contractile dysfunction associated with acute pressure overloading.
Upper airway obstruction assessment: Peak inspiratory flow and clinical COPD Questionnaire

Spirometric evaluation of upper airway obstruction (UAO) is not commonly performed by Otolaryngologists. In addition, functional evaluation of UAO by flow‐volume loops (FVL) is not available in all clinical settings. More recently, peak inspiratory flow (PIF) has proven to be a useful tool to monitor UAO at the patient's bedside. The aim of this work is to assess the role of PIF measured with a simple flow metre (In‐Check method) as a standardised, simple, non‐invasive tool in quantifying chronic and subacute UAO in a routine clinical practice. In addition, a Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), previously validated to assess the psychophysical status in patients with laryngotracheal stenosis, was utilised to evaluate respiratory function in UAO.