Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods of speech therapy treatment for stable dysarthria: A review

The objective of this review is to make treatment techniques published in the literature more easily accessible to clinicians in the field of stable dysarthria. This was achieved by performing a systematic review identifying and describing techniques for the treatment of stable dysarthria which have been the subject of published research. Electronic medical databases Medline, Cinahl and Amed were searched for literature published from 1966 to March 2006 that describe and or evaluate treatment techniques used for stable dysarthria. Of 46 papers found, 23 were included in the systematic review as they included the main concepts of stable dysarthria and treatment/therapy in the abstract. Published dysarthria treatment techniques reviewed are presented according to the parts of the speech system that they address. As the research studies published on stable dysarthria treatment use small numbers of participants and investigate very different treatment techniques, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the efficacy of different techniques. However, the review summarizes different treatment techniques for speech and language therapists to use with stable dysarthria and sign posts them to relevant literature.
Review of:Estrogen receptor β expression is associated with tamoxifen response in ERα-negative breast carcinoma

Citation of original article: S. K. Gruvberger-Saal, P.-O. Bendahl, L. H. Saal, M. Laakso, C. Hegardt, P. Edeen, C. Peterson, P. Malmstrom, J. Isola, A. Borg, M. Fernoo. Clinical Cancer Research 2007; 13 : 1987–1994. Abstract of the original article: Purpose Endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen, are commonly given to most patients with estrogen receptor (ERα)-positive breast carcinoma but are not indicated for persons with ERα-negative cancer. The factors responsible for response to tamoxifen in 5% to 10% of patients with ERα-negative tumors are not clear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the biology and prognostic role of the second ER, ERβ, in patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Experimental design We investigated ERβ by immunohistochemistry in 353 stage II primary breast tumors from patients treated with 2 years adjuvant tamoxifen, and generated gene expression profiles for a representative subset of 88 tumors. Results ERβ was associated with increased survival (distant disease-free survival, P = 0.01; overall survival, P = 0.22), and in particular within ERα-negative patients ( P = 0.003; P = 0.04), but not in the ERα-positive subgroup ( P = 0.49; P = 0.88). Lack of ERβ conferred early relapse (hazards ratio, 14; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–106; P = 0.01) within the ERα-negative subgroup even after adjustment for other markers. ERα was an independent marker only within the ERβ-negative tumors (hazards ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.89; P = 0.02). An ERβ gene expression profile was identified and was markedly different from the ERα signature. Conclusion Expression of ERβ is an independent marker for favorable prognosis after adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in ERα-negative breast cancer patients and involves a gene expression program distinct from ERα. These results may be highly clinically significant, because in the United States alone, approximately 10 000 women are diagnosed annually with ERα-negative/ERβ-positive breast carcinoma and may benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen.
Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) for ATSC 3.0

In this paper, we summarize and expound upon the choices made for the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) part of the next-generation terrestrial broadcast standard known as ATSC 3.0. The structure of the ATSC 3.0 BICM consists of a forward error correcting code, bit interleaver, and constellation mapper. In order to achieve high efficiency over a wide range of reception conditions and carrier-to-noise (C/N) ratio values, several notable new elements have been standardized. First, 24 original low-density parity check (LDPC) codes have been designed, with coding rates from 2/15 (0.13) up to 13/15 (0.87) for two code sizes: 16 200 bits and 64 800 bits. Two different LDPC structures have been adopted; one structure more suited to medium and high coding rates and another structure suited to very low coding rates. Second, in addition to quaternary phase shift keying, non-uniform constellations (NUCs) have been chosen for constellation sizes from 16QAM to 4096QAM to bridge the gap to the Shannon theoretical limit. Two different types of NUCs have been proposed: 1-D NUCs for 1024- and 4096-point constellations, and 2-D-NUCs for 16-, 64-, and 256-point constellations. 2-D-NUCs achieve a better performance than 1-D-NUCs but with a higher complexity since they cannot be separated into two independent I/Q components. NUCs have been optimized for each coding rate for the 64 800 bits LPDCs. The same constellations are used for 16 200 bits LDPCs, although they have been limited up to 256QAM. Finally, a bit interleaver, optimized for each NUC/coding rate combination, has been designed to maximize the performance. The result is a BICM that provides the largest operating range (more than 30 dB, with the most robust mode operating below -5 dB C/N) and the highest spectral efficiency compared to any digital terrestrial broadcast system today, outperforming the current state-of-the-art DVB-T2 standard BICM by as much as 1 dB in some cases. ATSC 3.0 will also provide a considerable increase in the maximum transmission capacity when using the high-order NUCs such as 1024QAM and 4096QAM, which will represent a major milestone for terrestrial broadcasting since the highest order constellation currently available is uniform 256QAM. This paper describes the coding, modulation, and bit interleaving modules of the BICM block of ATSC 3.0 and compares its performance with other DTT standards such as ATSC A/53 and DVB-T2.
ENDOSCOPIC APPROACH TO THE PANCREATOBILIARY TRACT USING NARROW BAND IMAGING

Narrow band imaging (NBI), based on modifying spectral features by narrowing the bandwidth of spectral transmittance, makes it possible to clearly observe the microvascular architecture or fine superficial structure of the gastrointestinal tract. Using a thinner video endoscope recently developed and not equipped with magnifying mode, the authors have evaluated the clinical usage of NBI for the pancreatobiliary region. Between June and July 2006, peroral pancreatoscopy or cholangioscopy was performed for 10 patients with pancreatobiliary diseases. The scope with an outer diameter of 2.9 mm was used. Non‐magnifying NBI observation was compared with standard observation. NBI observation visualized the small vessels and superficial architecture, which were difficult to depict on standard observation. Furthermore, NBI clearly delineated the margin of the small‐protruding lesion. Consequently, NBI pancreatoscopy was more useful for diagnosing tumor spread in the main pancreatic duct of the intraductal mucinous neoplasm.
Effects of an Aquatics Exercise Program on Quality of Life Measures for Individuals with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Purpose For persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), aquatic exercise has been advocated to allow for aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises in a safe environment while avoiding potentially detrimental increases in body temperature. This pilot study describes the effects of an aquatic exercise program on the health-related quality of life (QoL) for individuals with progressive MS, characterizes individuals able to successfully participate, and identifies common barriers to participation. Subjects and Methods Thirty-one adults with progressive MS initially agreed to participate in a 12-week aquatic exercise program. The 19 individuals who participated in at least 25% of the exercise sessions are characterized in terms of initial scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale, as well as pre- and postexercise scores on the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory. Results Significant improvements in the QoL domains of social functioning and fatigue were found for the exercise participants. Barriers limiting exercise adherence included physical and psychological symptoms, transportation difficulties, and availability of a significant other to assist during the program. Discussion and Conclusion Persons with progressive MS may benefit from aquatic exercise programs. Interventions that promote general health, improve energy levels and mental health, and foster social interaction in the presence of physical disability are beneficial for individuals with progressive MS. Barriers to exercise should be anticipated and adequately addressed to maximize potential benefits from such programs.
Binary and Multi-Class Learning Based Low Complexity Optimization for HEVC Encoding

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) improves the compression efficiency at the cost of high computational complexity by using the quad-tree coding unit (CU) structure and variable prediction unit (PU) modes. To minimize the HEVC encoding complexity while maintaining its compression efficiency, a binary and multi-class support vector machine (SVM)-based fast HEVC encoding algorithm is presented in this paper. First, the processes of recursive CU decision and PU selection in HEVC are modeled as hierarchical binary classification and multi-class classification structures. Second, according to the two classification structures, the CU decision and PU selection are optimized by binary and multi-class SVM, i.e., the CU and PU can be predicted directly via classifiers without intensive rate distortion (RD) cost calculation. In particular, to achieve better prediction performance, a learning method is proposed to combine the off-line machine learning (ML) mode and on-line ML mode for classifiers based on a multiple reviewers system. Additionally, the optimal parameters determination scheme is adopted for flexible complexity allocation under a given RD constraint. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 68.3%, 67.3%, and 65.6% time saving on average while the values of Bjøntegaard delta peak signal-to-noise ratio are −0.093dB, −0.091dB, and −0.094dB and the values of Bjøntegaard delta bit rate are 4.191%, 3.842%, and 3.665% under low delay $P$ main, low delay main, and random access configurations, respectively, when compared with the HEVC test model version HM 16.5. Meanwhile, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art fast coding algorithms in terms of complexity reduction and RD performance.
A Wireless-Implantable Microsystem for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring

A remotely powered implantable microsystem for continuous blood glucose monitoring is presented. The microsystem consists of a microfabricated glucose biosensor flip-chip bonded to a transponder chip. The transponder chip is inductively powered by an external reader with a 13.56-MHz carrier. It then measures the output signal of the glucose biosensor and transmits the measured data back to the external reader using load-shift keying (LSK). The microsystem has a volume of 32 mm3. The procedures for the microfabrication of the glucose sensor and the assembly of the microsystem are described along with the description of the circuit blocks of the transponder chip. The transponder chip has been fabricated with the TSMC 0.18-mum CMOS process and has a total area of 1.3 x 1.3 mm2. The chip can measure the sensor output current ranging from 1 nA to 1 muA with less than 0.3% nonlinearity error, provided that the amplitude of the received RF signal is higher than 2.6 V; the circuit consumes a total current of about 110 muA.
Zidovudine induced bone marrow toxicity: a case report

The treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) with azidothymidine (Zidovudine) is limited by its major haematological toxicity. This is manifested as anaemia, granulocytopenia and bone marrow aplasia/hypoplasia. Zidovudine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), is one of the earliest antiretroviral agents used as a combination in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV infection. We report a case of anaemia with bone marrow hypoplasia with a view to suggesting the need for adequate haematological evaluation and adherence to national HIV treatment guidelines in the initiation of HAART. Keywords : Zidovudine, Pure Red Cell Aplasia, Bone Marrow Hypoplasia. Highland Medical Research Journal Vol. 5 (1) 2007 pp. 98-100
Search Strategies for Keyword-based Queries

Given a set of keywords, we find a maximum Web query (containing the most keywords possible) that respects user-defined bounds on the number of returned hits. We assume a real-world setting where the user is not given direct access to a Web search engine's index, i.e., querying is possible only through an interface. The goal to be optimized is the overall number of submitted Web queries. One original contribution of our research is the formalization and theoretical foundation of the problem. But, in particular, we develop a co-occurrence probability informed search strategy for the problem. The performance gain achieved with our approach is substantial: compared to the uninformed baseline (without co-occurrence information) the expected savings are up to 20% in the number of submitted queries and runtime.
Economic crisis and public attitudes toward science: A study of regional differences in Spain

Although there is little theory about the effects of economic conditions on public support for science and technology (S&T), some evidence suggests that an economic crisis could produce a decline in support for S&T because of more pressing priorities, such as jobs and social services. But the public may also view S&T as a strategic pathway out of an economic slump. We test these competing hypotheses employing two national surveys from Spain, implemented before (2006) and after (2010) the onset of a severe economic crisis. We find that, in regions hit hardest by the crisis (compared to less-affected regions), trust in the benefits of S&T increased substantially, as did general public interest in S&T. Similarly, residents of the hardest-hit regions were more likely after the crisis to choose S&T (out of a list of policy areas) as a priority for government, and somewhat more likely to express support for increases in government S&T spending. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Citizen science as seen by scientists: Methodological, epistemological and ethical dimensions

Citizen science as a way of communicating science and doing public engagement has over the past decade become the focus of considerable hopes and expectations. It can be seen as a win–win situation, where scientists get help from the public and the participants get a public engagement experience that involves them in real and meaningful scientific research. In this paper we present the results of a series of qualitative interviews with scientists who participated in the ‘OPAL’ portfolio of citizen science projects that has been running in England since 2007: What were their experiences of participating in citizen science? We highlight two particular sets of issues that our participants have voiced, methodological/epistemological and ethical issues. While we share the general enthusiasm over citizen science, we hope that the research in this paper opens up more debate over the potential pitfalls of citizen science as seen by the scientists themselves.
A changing climate of skepticism: The factors shaping climate change coverage in the US press

Skepticism toward climate change has a long tradition in the United States. We focus on mass media as the conveyors of the image of climate change and ask: Is climate change skepticism still a characteristic of US print media coverage? If so, to what degree and in what form? And which factors might pave the way for skeptics entering mass media debates? We conducted a quantitative content analysis of US print media during one year (1 June 2012 to 31 May 2013). Our results show that the debate has changed: fundamental forms of climate change skepticism (such as denial of anthropogenic causes) have been abandoned in the coverage, being replaced by more subtle forms (such as the goal to avoid binding regulations). We find no evidence for the norm of journalistic balance, nor do our data support the idea that it is the conservative press that boosts skepticism.
F-DICE: A multiple node upset tolerant flip-flop for highly radioactive environments

This paper introduces a novel design for a multiple node upset tolerant flip-flop. This design uses the TDICE memory cell that was proposed in the technical literature for memory arrays and applies its principles of operation to a Master Slave flip-flop implemented at 65 nm CMOS technology. It is shown that the proposed design approach is particularly suited for flip-flops targeting highly radioactive environments; simulation validates the multiple node upset tolerance and its viability. A test chip developed for the on-silicon validation is also described.
Choice of Controls for a Case-control Study in Bangladesh: Hospital Controls versus Community Controls

The study aimed to determine whether hospital controls could be used in case-control studies with minimal bias, where resource constraints limit recruitment of community controls. Hospital controls and community controls were compared for socio-demographic and risk factor variables in a study of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) use and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in Bangladesh in 2010. Incident cases of CHD and hospital controls were selected from cardiac hospitals. Community controls were selected from neighbourhoods of CHD cases. We enrolled 302 cases, 302 hospital controls, and 1208 community controls. Distribution of age, gender, marital status, occupation, and socio-economic status was similar between hospital controls and community controls. Compared to community controls, hospital controls were more educated, had higher rates of hypertension and reported more family history of heart diseases. But they reported relatively less physical activity. Current use of SLT was higher amongst community controls compared to hospital controls, but was not significant (adjusted OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.58-1.12). Current use of SLT was not associated with an increased risk of CHD when community controls were used (adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.19, p>0.05), nor when hospital controls were used (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.60, p>0.05). There were significant differences between two control groups but only on confounding variables which could be measured and adjusted for during multivariate analyses. For comparable future studies in resource-scarce settings, it is possible to enrol hospital controls with careful planning which are similar to potential community controls, whilst minimising selection bias.
A hotbed of medical innovation: George Kellie (1770–1829), his colleagues at Leith and the Monro–Kellie doctrine

The Monro–Kellie doctrine is named after two Scottish doctors, the well-known Alexander Monro secundus and George Kellie, whose life and work has not previously been described in detail. After service as a naval surgeon, Kellie followed his father into a career as a surgeon in the port of Leith, near Edinburgh. His publications show him to be a compassionate and observant doctor, ready to question established concepts. He worked closely with surgical colleagues in the town, some of whom made important contributions in their own right. The paper which led to eponymous fame was based on post-mortem observations on the volume of blood in the cerebral blood vessels, which led him to conclude that a change in volume of one intracranial constituent must be compensated by a reciprocal change in the others. He collaborated with Monro in this work but the doctrine was disseminated by another colleague, John Abercrombie, in his widely read book on neuropathology. Kellie achieved recognition within the local medical community. The doctrine which bears his name remains fundamental to our understanding of pressure and volume relationships within the cranium.
THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPINGS OF CUCURBITACIN E (α‐ELATERIN)

IN addition to the widespread use of cucurbits for their food value there remain many suggestions that members of the family Cucurbitaceae are useful for the alleviation of a variety of complaints. Thus claims have been made’, and refuted2, that several species viz. Bryonia cretica, Cephelandra indica and Momordica charantia exert a hypoglycaemic action in diabetic patients. Extracts of Bryony, Colocynth and Elaterium have been shown to possess a tumour necrosing action3 whilst extracts of Cucumis melo4 and C. sativus5 have been claimed to inhibit the growth of fungi.
Spatio-temporal dynamics prior to neocortical seizures: amplitude versus phase couplings

The mechanisms underlying the transition of brain activity toward epileptic seizures remain unclear. Based on nonlinear analysis of both intracranial and scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, different research groups have recently reported dynamical smooth changes in epileptic brain activity several minutes before seizure onset. Such preictal states have been detected in populations of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and, more recently, with different neocortical partial epilepsies (NPEs). In this paper, we are particularly interested in the spatio-temporal organization of epileptogenic networks prior to seizures in neocortical epilepsies. For this, we characterize the network of two patients with NPE by means of two nonlinear measures of interdependencies. Since the synchronization of neuronal activity is an essential feature of the generation and propagation of epileptic activity, we have analyzed changes in phase synchrony between EEG time series. In order to compare the phase and amplitude dynamics, we have also studied the degree of association between pairs of signals by means of a nonlinear correlation coefficient. Recent findings have suggested changes prior to seizures in a wideband frequency range. Instead, for the examples of this study, we report a significant decrease of synchrony in the focal area several minutes before seizures (/spl Gt/30 min in both patients) in the frequency band of 10-25 Hz mainly. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal organization of this preictal activity seems to be specifically related to this frequency band. Measures of both amplitude and phase coupling yielded similar results in narrow-band analysis. These results may open new perspectives on the mechanisms of seizure emergence as well as the organization of neocortical epileptogenic networks. The possibility of forecasting the onset of seizures has important implications for a better understanding, diagnosis and a potential treatment of the epilepsy.