Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inclusion And Characterization Of Ketoprofen Into Different Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Using Three Loading Methods

Objective: The objective of the present study was to encapsulate ketoprofen into MCM-41, SBA-15 and uncalcined SBA-15 (unc SBA-15) using different loading methods. Investigate the effect of using different loading methods, and the effect of pore sizes on the loading capacity of mesoporous silica. Finally, determine if any changes in the mesoporous structure occurred after KP loading. Methods: Ketoprofen (KP) with about 1.5 nm molecular size was selected for encapsulation into three mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). These MSN particles were selected to cover a wide range of pore diameters: MCM-41 (3.4 nm), SBA-15 (6.2 nm) and uncalcined SBA-15 (7.0 nm). Loading of KP was done by three loading methods namely rotavapor, soaking, and immersion method. The loading capacity was examined via solvent extraction. Characterization of the loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles was done by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results: KP was successfully encapsulated into MCM-41, SBA-15 and uncalcined SBA-15 without affecting the mesoporous structure. The loading process was done using three different loading methods. Rotavapor loading method yielded higher loading capacities compared to soaking and immersion method. Another important factor that affected the amount of loaded KP into MSN particles were the Pore sizes of the host particles. MCM-41, which had the smallest pore size, had the least amount of loaded drug. On the other hand, uncalcined SBA-15, which had the largest pore size, had the highest amount of loaded KP. Conclusion: This study is a promising issue for the incorporation of KP into different mesoporous silica nanoparticles.
Ethical consumption practices: co‐production of self‐expression and social recognition

Ethical considerations regularly demand references to the moral climate, which, as a form of grand narrative or regime of truth, provides direction for choices between right and wrong, good and bad, ethical and unethical. Yet from a postmodern perspective, the moral climate has scattered into countless narratives, such that what is good or ethical may no longer be certain everywhere and in every situation. In a postmodern world, no essential grand narrative, regime of truth, or foundational ethical direction exists, because the self has been rendered free and autonomous from traditional values. As an independent agent, the postmodern self confronts a plethora of possibilities. Although the confrontation of multiple narratives appears in radical postmodern theory as saturating and disorienting, this article posits that clear signs of ethical directions within postmodern pluralism remain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KARNATAKA, SOUTH

OBJECTIVE: To describe the types and treatment outcomes of the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases in a tertiary care hospital. METHOD: A retrospective case series study was conducted at a rural medical college Hospital. All cases diagnosed and treated as EPTB between June 2011and June 2013 (25months) were included. Data was retrieved from medical records on demographics, clinical, laboratory, and outcome status. RESULTS: A total of 194 patients treated for EPTB were identified. Mean age of patients was 42 years, 118 were male and 76 female. Lymph node involvement was the most common in 61 patients (31%). The cure rate was 90%. CONCLUSION: EPTB is an important clinical problem in tropical countries. According to present study total TB cases from June 2011to June 2013 were 628 of which total EPTB cases were 194 (30.8%) and among this lymph node involvement was found in 61(31.4%) cases, pleural effusion in 56 (28.8%) cases, abdominal tuberculosis in 25(12.8%)cases, tubercular meningitis in 21(10.8%) and tuberculosis spine in14(7.2%) cases.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Sediment of Okpoka Creek , Nigeria

Abiotic factors, Aquatic soil, Station, time, Okpoka Creek. The increase in industrialization, urbanization and population has prompted scientific researches on the Okpoka Creek, a tributary of the Bonny Estuary in the Niger Delta rivers system. Sediment is the ultimate sink of contaminants in the aquatic systems thus a study was conducted to assess resultant impact of these human activities on physico-chemical properties of sediments of Okpoka Creek from different sampling stations and over time. Sediments samples were collected monthly from May 2004 – April 2006. These were analysed for sediment particle size, pH, total hydrocarbon (THC), total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic matter (TOM) from ten stations according to APHA methods. Data analyses were done using analysis of variance, Duncan multiple range and descriptive statistics. The sediment consisted of sand (69.4±1.02%); silt (12.5±0.53%) and clay (18.1±0.67%). Sediment particle size showed significant spatial variation (P<0.05). The sediment values pH (5.1±0.10) and total hydrocarbon, (0.2±0.02μg/g) were low unlike total organic matter (2.5±0.42%), total organic carbon (1.30±.05%) and conductivity (4329.4±4228.2μs/cm). The presence of low sediment pH and high levels of organic pollutants (TOC and TOM) indicate organic pollution and stress. Increasing anthropogenic wastes especially dredged materials, slaughter effluents and raw human faeces lead to high organic loads. The study therefore suggests recycling of wastes, biological treatment of effluents before discharge and frantic surveillance of the creek.
Chapter 2 Development and Functional Anatomy of the Spine

The vertebral column is composed of alternating vertebrae and intervertebral (IV) discs supported by robust spinal ligaments and muscles. All of these elements, bony, cartilaginous, ligamentous, and muscular, are essential to the structural integrity of the spine. The spine serves three vital functions: protecting the spinal cord and spinal nerves, transmitting the weight of the body, and providing a flexible axis for movements of the head and the torso. The vertebral column is capable of extension, flexion, lateral flexion (side to side), and rotation. However, the degree to which the spine is capable of these movements varies by region. These regions, including the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, and the sacrococcygeal spine, form four curvatures (Fig. 2.1). The thoracic and the sacrococcygeal curvatures are established in fetal development, while the cervical and the thoracic curvatures develop during infancy. The cervical curvature arises in response to holding the head upright, while the lumbar curvature develops as an infant begins to sit upright and walk. Congenital defects and degenerative diseases can result in exaggerated, abnormal curvatures. The most common of these include a thoracic kyphosis (or hunchback deformity), a lumbar lordosis (or swayback deformity), and scoliosis. Scoliosis involves a lateral curvature of greater than 10◦, often accompanied by a rotational defect. To appreciate the potential underlying causes of scoliosis, we need to understand the cellular and genetic basis of vertebral column and skeletal muscle development from somites. In this chapter, we will review the embryonic development of the spine and associated muscles and link them to the functional anatomy of these structures in the adult.
Comparison Evaluation of Periimplant Alveolar Crest Stress/Strain Distribution Ability Depending on Alveolar Bone Density: Mathematical Model

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical response of the periimplant bone stress/strain ability to loading forces depending on bone type. The mathematical model analysis was chosen for the present study as it has proved to be a useful tool in estimating stress distribution in the contact area of the implant with surrounding bone. The calculations were aimed to show the differences of strain forces (F) distribution ability depending of bone types (D1, D2, D3, D4). The different bone types with the same V volume arise different strain forces. When comparing these values we see that and differ from in 3 and 5 times respectively, so and types of bones have 3 and 5 times less strain distribution ability than the type bone.
Reconciling surface ocean productivity, export fluxes and sediment composition in a global biogeochemical ocean model

Abstract. This study focuses on an improved representation of the biological soft tissue pump in the global three-dimensional biogeochemical ocean model PISCES. We compare three parameterizations of particle dynamics: (1) the model standard version including two particle size classes, aggregation-disaggregation and prescribed sinking speed; (2) an aggregation-disaggregation model with a particle size spectrum and prognostic sinking speed; (3) a mineral ballast parameterization with no size classes, but prognostic sinking speed. In addition, the model includes a description of surface sediments and organic carbon early diagenesis. Model output is compared to data or data based estimates of ocean productivity, pe-ratios, particle fluxes, surface sediment bulk composition and benthic O2 fluxes. Model results suggest that different processes control POC fluxes at different depths. In the wind mixed layer turbulent particle coagulation appears as key process in controlling pe-ratios. Parameterization (2) yields simulated pe-ratios that compare well to observations. Below the wind mixed layer, POC fluxes are most sensitive to the intensity of zooplankton flux feeding, indicating the importance of zooplankton community composition. All model parameters being kept constant, the capability of the model to reproduce yearly mean POC fluxes below 2000 m and benthic oxygen demand does at first order not dependent on the resolution of the particle size spectrum. Aggregate formation appears essential to initiate an intense biological pump. At great depth the reported close to constant particle fluxes are most likely the result of the combined effect of aggregate formation and mineral ballasting.
Type Debugging in Functional Languages 5 th November 1999

One of the features of functional languages, such as Haskell and SML, is that the data types of the variables and functions can be inferred from their usage. Unfortunately when an error occurs from this type inference, it may be difficult for a novice programmer to trace the error's source. We introduce two categories of type errors. Explicit type errors are caused by the user attempting to use incompatible types together. Attributed type errors are the result of editing or syntactical mistakes that are not detected until type checking occurs. The programmer requires differing forms of error messages to debug each category of type error more effectively. We present these display systems and determine that to implement them, the type of each sub-expression in the code must be inferred. This can be implemented using an algorithm given by Beaven and Stansifer.
Improving Imaging through Specular Amplitude Enhancement in the Local Angle Domain

We present a method to improve imaging in the local angle domain (LAD) decomposition and imaging system. This system uses the entire recorded data to generate true-amplitude, angle-dependent or angle and azimuth dependent imaging gathers (Koren and Ravve 2011). These gathers have the ability to distinguish the wavefields by their directional components: Specular (continuous structural surfaces) and diffraction (discontinuous objects such as small-scale fractures and faults). The high-energy values associated with the specular directions can be used to enhance the continuous objects to obtain a diffraction-free, sharpened image of highly complex areas. We propose that the specular enhancement in the LAD system be used to re-evaluate existing land and marine (including narrow-azimuth legacy) seismic data to obtain more detailed high-resolution images without the need to acquire additional 3D data about existing assets.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) A catalogue of high-mass X-ray binaries

We present a catalogue of high-mass X-ray binaries. The catalogue is an updated version of the catalogue of van Paradijs (1995). This new catalogue contains 130 sources, 61 new high-mass X-ray binaries in addition to the 69 sources listed in van Paradijs’ catalogue. Most of the new sources are identified to be Be/X-ray binaries. Some sources, however, are only tentatively identified as high-mass X-ray binaries on the basis of a transient character and/or a hard X-ray spectrum. Further identification in other wavelength bands is needed to finally determine the features of these sources. The aim of this catalogue is to provide the reader with some basic information on the X-ray sources and their counterparts in other wavelength ranges (UV, optical, IR, radio). In cases where there is some doubt about the highmass nature of the X-ray binary this is mentioned. Some doubtful cases have not been included in the catalogue although they had been suggested by some authors to be high-mass X-ray binaries, for example GRS 1915+105 and 1WGA J1958.2+3232.
Size Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles by UV−vis Spectroscopy

We present a method for the evaluation of the average size of gold nanoparticles based on the fitting of their UV-vis spectra by the Mie model for spheres. The method gives good results using a calibration of the dumping frequency of the surface plasmon resonance and accounting for the presence of nonspherical AuNP in solution by the Gans model for spheroids. It has been successfully applied to free and functionalized gold nanoparticles in various solvents with diameters in the 4-25 nm range. Despite the differences among samples, we found an accuracy of about 6% on the nanoparticles average size with respect to sizes measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, the fitting model provides other information not available from TEM like the concentration of AuNP in the sample and the fraction of nonspherical nanoparticles, which is particularly useful for measuring aggregation processes. The fitting procedure and models are thoroughly discussed in the text, and the fitting programs are freely accessible on the web.
A Comparative Study on Conventional versus Immersive Service Prototyping (VR, AR, MR)

Product prototyping, through the use of immersive technologies, has demonstrated its huge potential enabling co-creative exploration of different usage scenarios and evaluation of the User eXperience. It is already an extremely relevant and valuable activity in many industries and revealed as an essential element of experience design. Service prototyping is a new prominent progressive process used within service innovation intended to improve the service experience and quality while accelerating the service development process. Different types of service prototypes can be used to encompass all the different service elements throughout the service design and engineering processes. This paper presents a comparative study between the conventional and immersive service prototyping This comparison encompasses application, advantages and disadvantages of these different service prototyping. Several use cases of immersive service prototyping, either based on Virtual, Augmented or Mixed Reality technologies, are presented. This study aims to improve the body of knowledge on the use of immersive service prototyping. This is intended to help service designer understand what can be done with immersive service prototyping, and increase awareness on service prototyping. The main objective is to provide a guidance to service designers for selecting the most appropriate immersive service prototyping techniques per each case specificity.
Aedes aegypti density and the risk of dengue-virus transmission

Using genetically modified mosquitoes to control vector-borne diseases will require specific, quantitative targets for the extent to which populations of competent mosquito vectors need to be reduced in order to produce predictable public-health outcomes. Unfortunately, dengue researchers do not have an entomological measure for predicting the risk of human dengue infection and disease that is as effective as they would like. The situation is further complicated by the fact that contemporary dengue control is based on the assumption, which has not been thoroughly tested, that a reduction in adult Aedes aegypti population densities will decrease risk of virus transmission. Ae. aegypti eradication is not considered feasible and there are no commercially available dengue vaccines or clinical cures. Herein we discuss four interrelated questions that need to be addressed for the proper evaluation and implementation of genetically modified mosquitoes for dengue control. In specific terms, what is an acceptable level of dengue risk? What are the mosquito densities necessary to achieve that goal? What is the best way to measure entomological risk? Because most dengue risk factors are likely to exhibit spatial dependence, at what geographic scale are the components of dengue transmission important? We conclude with two recommendations for improving dengue surveillance and control. First, there is an urgent need for field-based prospective longitudinal cohort studies on the relationships among measures of Ae. aegypti density, dengue incidence, and severity of disease. Second, new rapid, inexpensive, and operationally amenable methodologies are needed to evaluate and monitor the impact of vector-control strategies on disease reduction. Unless competent mosquito vectors are eliminated entirely, predicting and evaluating success following release of genetically modified Ae. aegypti will require a more thorough understanding of the relationship between vector density and the risk of human disease
The Effect of Temperature and Doping Level on the Characteristics of Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor

Piezoresistive pressure sensors based on silicon have a large thermal drift because of their high sensitivity to temperature. The study of the effect of the temperature and doping level on characteristics of these sensors is essential to define the parameters that cause the output characteristics drift. In this study, we adopted the model of Kanda to determine the effect of the temperature and of doping level on the piezoresistivity of the Silicon monocrystal. This is to represent P(N,T) and for p-type silicon as functions of impurity concentration for different temperatures. This allows us to see the effect of temperature and doping concentration on the output characteristics of the sensor. Finally, we study the geometric influence parameters and doping on these characteristics to optimize the sensor performance. This study allows us to predict the sensor behavior against temperature and to minimize this effect by optimizing the doping concentration.
Anatomical study of the anterolateral stabilizing ligaments of the human knee

Purpose: The iliotibial tract in association with the surrounding muscles has the capacity to stabilize the knee. The purpose of the study is to describe the structure of the iliotibial tract, as well as its insertions and relationship with other structures of the lateral region of the knee showing the anatomic basis for its functional and biomechanical importance. Methods: Were performed eight anatomic dissections in knees from formalin fixed fetus. Histological investigation of the iliotibial tract was executed in six other legs and knees from formalin fixed fetus, using paraffin embedded serially cut axial segments. Results: The authors identified, on the anatomic dissections, the different components of the iliotibial tract as well its proximal and distal insertions, being described as: fascia lata, gluteus maximums muscle, linea aspera, Gerdy’s tubercle, patella and femoral condyle. Histologically, the continuity through the band and the intermuscular septum until the linea aspera was demonstrated and a fragility zone was identified when the iliotibial tract dips posteriorly to the vastus intermedius muscle. Conclusions: The macroscopic and histologic findings corroborated the data published in scientific literature. The authors were able to demonstrate that the major anatomic components of the iliotibial tract, its continuity with the intermuscular septum and its insertion at the lower segment of the femur are present even in fetus as young as 22 weeks. There is a clear continuity through this band and the intermuscular septum until the linea aspera. According to this, the fragility zone found in all specimens deserve further investigation.
Bounded category of an exact category

Pedersen-Weibel introduced the notion of bounded category of an additive category, which gives the non-connective delooping of the additive category under consideration. In this work, a possible candidate for the bounded category of an exact category is constructed which shares many properties of the bounded categories of Pedersen-Weibel.
The appification of retail settings - A case study of Pinchos & Espresso Houses

The aim of this paper is to conceptualise the integration of designed retail applications into retail settings, through selected case studies, and to contribute to an increased understanding of what happens when the retailers try to integrate smart tools into the retail setting, by looking at retailers’ practices from the consumers’ point of view, and how do they change the interactions with service staff and servicescape. In order to achieve the aim of this thesis, through the lens of Practice Theory semi-structured interviews, physical and digital observations were selected as suitable qualitative methods to study this phenomenon. For comprehensible illustration and understanding of digital shopping, Espresso Houses and Pinchos were selected as case study materials. The mobile applications of the Espresso House and Pinchos are similar in some ways, but also different both in functions that they do provide and in ways how they are integrated into the retail settings. The paper shows that the digital shopping is distinct from the mobile and regular shopping in various ways, especially since the applications generate much more controlled shopping practices, because of the pre-determined scripts. Various of meanings of shopping practices have been identified, such as convenience, novelty, benefits, and authenticity. The applications do encourage the consumers into specific set of operations in the retail settings. Lastly, the analysis showed that the role of the employees is more and more blurry and have strongly shifted from serving role to informing role in the settings, where applications have been completely integrated. (Less)