Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the contribution of inositol phosphate signalling to class-1 HDAC complex function

Class 1 histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate chromatin confirmation and geneexpression through recruitment to co-repressor complexes. Recently, it was shownthat HDAC3/SMRT binds and is regulated by inositol phosphates (IP) in vitro.Additionally, complex activity of HDAC1/MTA1 and HDAC1/MIDEAS is enhanced by theaddition of IPs in vitro, indicating conserved regulation. In this work, I aimed to alterthe level of IPs present in the cells through overexpression of a kinase, IPMK, and twophosphatases, PTEN and SopB, and determine the effect on HDAC activity in vivo. Inaddition, I utilised an IPMK knockout embryonic stem (ES) cell line and generatedinducible rescues through a PiggyBac TET system to establish if large scale depletionsof IP levels alter HDAC activity.We revealed that manipulation of IP through the overexpression of IPMK, PTEN andSopB does not influence global HDAC activity or histone acetylation levels. Isolation ofoverexpressed HDAC3/SMRT in concert with these enzymes, revealed differences inHDAC3/SMRT complex activity, however, these differences did not correlate withaltered IP levels. Analysis of global HDAC activity, isolated complex activity and HDAC3target genes in IPMK knockout and rescue ES cell lines further revealed minimalchanges. In conclusion, we were unable to show that IPs regulated the activity of classI HDAC complexes in vivo. IPMK, HDAC1 and HDAC3 null mice all exhibit earlyembryonic lethality suggesting they play essential roles in embryogenesis. Upondifferentiation of TET-IPMK cells, embryoid bodies revealed loss of IPMK leads toincreased cardiomyocyte markers and decreased formation of neuroectodermprogenitors. Therefore, emphasizing IPMKs important role in gene regulation duringembryogenesis. Our data suggests, that this is not through direct regulation of HDACactivity, thus highlighting an undiscovered nuclear role for IPMK.
THE EFFECT OF EXENATIDE THERAPY IN PREVIOUSLY INSULIN-TREATED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS.

Objective To evaluate the effect of multiple daily injection (MDI) treatment replaced by Exenatide BID as compared with continuation of MDI. Patients and Methods A total of 140 patients with type 2 diabetes, taking metformin and multiple daily insulin injections, were randomized to exenatide or insulin group that continued their insulin treatment. Patients were followed-up for 16 weeks. Blood glucose profiles, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1C, serum lipids and side effects were assesssed at weeks 0,12 and 16. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to baseline parameters. Glycemic control was similar between the two groups. The mean changes in HbA1C in exenatide group were -0.66±0.63% and in insulin group -0.74±0.92 % (p=0.594). In exenatide group, 59.6 % of patients and in insulin group 85.71 % of patients had maintained or improved glycemic control at the end of the study. In insulin group, insulin requirement increased 5.86 ± 4.46 units/day. Body weight and waist circumference decreased significantly in exenatide treatment group with respect to insulin group (p<0.001). Conclusions Substituting exenatide for insulin might be an option in insulin-treated, type 2 diabetic patients having obesity, and poor glycemic control. However, patients with longer duration of diabetes and insulin treatment and with lower C-peptide levels might not benefit from exenatide therapy.
A population-based measure of chronic disease severity for health planning and evaluation in the United States

In the healthcare sector, patients can be categorized into clinical risk groups, which are based, in part, on multiple chronic conditions. Population-based measures of clinical risk groups for population health planning, however, are not available. Using responses of working-age adults (19–64 years old) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for survey years 2015–2017, a population-based measure of chronic disease severity (CDS) was developed as a proxy for clinical risk groups. Four categories of CDS were developed: low, medium-low, medium-high, and high, based on self-reported diagnoses of multiple chronic conditions, weighted by hospitalization costs. Prevalence estimates of CDS were prepared, by population demographics and state characteristics, and CDS association with perceived health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was evaluated. Age-adjusted CDS varied from 72.9% (95% CI: 72.7–73.1%) for low CDS, to 21.0% (95% CI: 20.8–21.2%), 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3–4.5%) and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.6–1.8%) for medium-low, medium-high, and high CDS, respectively. The prevalence of high CDS was significantly greater (p < 0.05) among older adults, those living below the federal poverty level, and those with disabilities. The adjusted odds of fair/poor perceived HRQOL among adults with medium-low or medium-high/high CDS were 2.39 times (95% CI: 2.30–2.48) or 6.53 times (95% CI: 6.22–6.86) higher, respectively, than adults with low CDS. Elevated odds of fair/poor HRQOL with increasing CDS coincided with less prevalence of high CDS among men, minority race/ethnicities, and adults without insurance, suggesting a link between CDS and risk of mortality. Prevalence of high CDS was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in states with lower population density, lower per capita income, and in states that did not adopt the ACA. These results demonstrate the relevance of a single continuous population-based measure of chronic disease severity for health planning at the state, regional, and national levels.
RAPID AND SPESIFIC DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Background : Tuber c ulosis (TB) is one of the major causes of health burden worldwide, especially in lower middle-income countries. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and characterized by severe condi t ion incuding coughing and fever . Purpose : To review the current methods for detection of TB using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Review: several studies have been done to give valuable insight into TB transmission, diagnosis, and treatment, however research is constantly needed to decrease the incidence of eradicate TB. This infectious disease still give big health problem in all over the world by being second in causing high mortality rates after HIV/AIDS . A specific, sensitive, rapid and cheap method for TB and other mycobacteria diagnosis in clinical specimen is a desperate needed in the laboratory diagnosis and hence management of tuberculosis. PCR as one of nucleic acid amplification assays have revolutionized MTB detection. Since it was first invented in fifteen years ago, it’s been through many developments. Conclusion : PCR is one of the most specific and sensitive method currently available for TB diagnosis that can also detect in in all types of specimens obtained from TB patients.
The Global Competitiveness Index: A Comparative Analysis between Turkey and G8 Nations

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (i.e. Basel I, II & III), the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (i.e. Financial Sector Assessment Program), the World Trade Organization, the Bank for International Settlements, the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the European Banking Authority (EBA), Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS), the Financial Services Authority of the UK, the Bank of Japan, the supervisory community and regulators (i.e. domestic and international), practitioners, and bank executives gravely failed to strengthen the global financial stability. On the contrary, financial authorities in many of the advance nations (particularly, the Fed’s expansive policies and the ECB’s reluctance to admit its blindness to the severity of risks that caused near global financial meltdown in 2008) have directly or indirectly contributed to global financial instability. The Global Competitive Index through its twelve pillars is a more complete measurement of financial stability in each country and globally. Analyses throughout this study compared Turkey’s competitiveness rankings with those of the G8 countries. The results show that Turkey’s mean overall ranking is significantly higher than that of Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the UK; the difference in means was statistically significant. However, even though Turkey’s mean overall ranking was slightly higher than that of Italy, and lower than that of the Russian Federation, nevertheless the difference in means was not statistically significant.
Latest trends in emotion recognition methods: case study on emotiw challenge

Emotion recognition is becoming increasingly very active field in research. In recent past, this research field has emerged as a milestone in software engineering, website customization, education, and gaming. Moreover, Emotion recognition models are used by more and more intelligent system to improve the multimodal interaction. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the recent literature on the emotion recognition methods presented at Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) challenge. EmotiW is a grand challenge organized every year in ACM international conference on multimodal interaction. There has been number of methods presented every year at EmotiW for emotion analysis which are incorporated in this paper on the basis of emotion categorization in different areas. This work depicts a broad methodical analysis of EmotiW challenge for sentiments analysis which can help researchers, IT professionals and academia to find worthy technique for emotion grouping in several areas. It would also provide aid to select the most suitable technique for emotion recognition on the basis of their applications.
Targeted treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex in Egyptian children

BackgroundTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by overactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) signal pathway because of mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 tumour-suppressor genes responsible for the formation of the hamartin–tuberin tumour-suppressor complex. TSC is characterized by the formation of hamartomatous developmental tumours in multiple organ systems. Cerebral manifestations in TSC patients include formation of cortical tuberous, subependymal nodules. It is usually associated with epilepsy and cognitive disorders. Everolimus is a drug that targets and inhibits the mTOR signal pathway overactivity. This could be useful in the treatment of TSC.The aim of this pilot prospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of everolimus on the size of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma as well as on the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures in TSC Egyptian patients. Materials and methodsSeven Egyptian children with TSC with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma and epilepsy were treated for a period of 1 year with everolimus. Their age ranged from 18 to 60 months, mean age 36.3 months. Targeted treatment of TSC was performed in Egyptian children. ResultsAll seven patients showed good response in terms of reduction in the total size of all targeted subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. The mean size was reduced by 20–30% in two cases, by 30–40% in three cases and by 40–50% in two cases. None of the patients developed new lesions. Also, epileptic seizures decreased both in frequency and in severity, one patient showed 90% reduction, four patients showed 50–90% reduction and two patients showed less than 50% reduction. ConclusionThis study showed that treatment of TSC patients with the mTOR inhibitory oral drug, everolimus, resulted in clinically significant benefits not only in reducing the size of subependymal nodules but also in reducing the frequency and severity of seizures in refractory epilepsy.
Special issue on ‘Africa and China: Emerging patterns of engagement’

On 16–17 November 2017, the Africa–Asia Initiative at Harvard University, a consortium of eight institutions and programmes with a focus on Africa–Asia collaborations, held a twoday conference at the Harvard Center Shanghai in China. With the theme ‘Africa–Asia Connections: Bridging Past, Present, and Future’, the conference brought together academic researchers, policymakers, and individuals from the private sector for stimulating discussions on Africa’s engagement with India, Japan, and China through the lenses of migration, trade, and aid; and environment, infrastructure, and industry. The three papers in this special issue were first presented at the 2017 conference and provide a window onto some of the discussions at the conference, this one with a focus on ‘Africa and China: Emerging Patterns of Engagement. ’ In 2009 China emerged as Africa’s leading trading partner and also surpassed the World Bank as Africa’s top lender. While this may have caught some by surprise, Austin Strange in his contribution points out that this marked seven decades of China’s engagement with Africa. China’s phenomenal rise to become the second largest economy in the world after the United States intersected with the ‘Africa Rising’ story between 2002 and 2013, when six of the world’s fastest growing economies were in Africa – Angola, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Chad, Mozambique, and Rwanda. Africa’s rise was driven by a global commodity boom, especially demand from China and India for oil and other commodities, and net resources inflows in the post-HIPC era. The slump in the commodity boom in 2014 with the slowing down of economic growth in Asia and Europe, aggravated by developments such as Brexit and America’s trade wars under the Trump government, have underscored the long-standing desire for African economies to diversify from commodity exports and to deepen South-South trade, which now accounts for over 50% of African trade, and intra-Africa trade. The signing of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement by 27 member countries of the African Union in Kigali in March 2018, and now by all 55 African countries, has given substance to the last-stated objective and positioned what would be the world’s largest free trade area by number of participating countries when
Familiar breast cancer: phenotype characteristics on mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Poster: "ECR 2016 / C-2028 / Familiar breast cancer: phenotype characteristics on mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging " by: " M. A. Marino , M. Bernathova, C. Bernhart, C. Riedl, P. A. T. Baltzer, T. H. Helbich; Vienna/AT"
The first documentation of the immune response to cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka.

Introduction and Objectives: The predominant form of leishmaniasis seen in Sri Lanka is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania donovani, a species commonly causing visceral disease. The objective of this study was to explore the human host immune response to CL in Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive comparative study was carried out on nine CL patients referred to the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, during 2011-2013. mRNA was extracted from the skin biopsy samples and reverse transcribed to cDNA and tested for Th1 and Th2 cytokines by using specific primers for IFN-γ, IL-2 (Th1 cytokines) and IL-4, IL-10 (Th2 cytokines). The results were compared with different characteristics of the lesion (number, duration, size and type of lesion). Results: This study revealed that the majority of CL patients (5/9) elicited a Th1 response whereas a Th2 response was not detected in any of the patients. Of the Th1 cytokine positive patients, majority had single lesions, with a shorter duration and smaller sized lesions which were of the plaque type. Of those which exhibited a negative Th1 response, the majority were larger lesions with a longer duration and were of the papular-nodular type. Conclusions: The study suggests that the predominant immune response to CL caused by L. donovani in Sri Lanka, is a Th1 type of response which may explain the localization of L. donovani which is usually a viscerotropic species, to skin tissue. Limitations of study: This study was done only in nine patients due to resource limitations. A continuation of this study is indicated to validate these results.
Körperliche Aktivität und Sport bei Typ-2-Diabetes

Zusammenfassung Ein ausreichender Umfang an körperlicher Aktivität zählt zu den wichtigsten nicht medikamentösen Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes. Von einem regelmäßigen körperlichen Training profitieren Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes nicht nur in Hinblick auf eine verbesserte glykämische Kontrolle. Weitere positive Wirkungen sind eine günstige Beeinflussung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren, eine Verringerung ektoper Fettdepots, eine Unterstützung bei der Reduktion von Übergewicht, antiinflammatorische Effekte und eine Verbesserung und Stabilisierung der körperlichen Fitness. Somit senkt ein ausreichender Umfang an körperlichem Training sowohl die Gesamtmortalität als auch die kardiovaskuläre Sterblichkeit bei Typ-2-Diabetes. Nach den Leitlinien zur Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes sollen betroffene Erwachsene angehalten werden, mindestens 150 min pro Woche an moderat-intensiven aeroben Ausdauerbelastungen (50 – 70 % der maximalen Herzfrequenz) zu absolvieren. Dieses Training sollte auf mindestens 3 Tage pro Woche verteilt sein und es sollten nicht mehr als 2 trainingsfreie Tage dazwischen liegen. Sofern keine Kontraindikationen bestehen, wird Erwachsenen mit Typ-2-Diabetes zusätzlich ein Krafttraining mit zumindest zweimaliger Durchführung pro Woche empfohlen. Des Weiteren sollten Phasen längeren Sitzens vermieden werden und Sitzzeiten alle 90 min unterbrochen werden. Sowohl eine unzureichende glykämische Kontrolle als auch Folgeschäden der Diabeteserkrankung wie eine Retinopthie, eine autonome Neuropathie oder eine koronare Herzerkrankung können im Rahmen des körperlichen Trainings für den Patienten ein Risiko darstellen und dessen körperliche Belastbarkeit einschränken. Aus diesem Grund wird vor Beginn eines körperlichen Trainings eine sorgfältige Eingangsdiagnostik und wenn notwendig eine Anpassung des Trainingsprogramms empfohlen. Weiterhin sollte bei trainierenden Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes unter Medikation mit Insulin oder Sekretagoga je nach individueller Konstellation die Medikation angepasst werden. Im Falle von Blutzuckerwerten unter 100 mg/dl vor Belastungsbeginn sollten zusätzlich Kohlenhydrate zugeführt werden.
Effect of Pain and Task Load on Flying Performance

An operationally-significant number of Griffon aircrew in the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) develop chronic neck pain; however, it is unclear how this chronic pain affects their ability to accomplish their missions. Extant literature on pain and human performance has found that pain can negatively affect tasks constrained by short-term memory and attention switching. We sought to test whether pain has similar effects on personnel piloting helicopters in simulation. Twenty-three RCAF personnel flew a simulated Griffon helicopter through waypoints along a target path. We were particularly interested in the effects of three variables: a) the presence or absence of induced thermal pain, b) the presence or absence of a secondary engine monitoring task requiring sustained attention, and c) the experience level of the pilots. The results suggest that pain can interfere with flight performance, particularly for less experienced pilots engaged in multiple tasks over more extended time durations.
A study of the influence of tropospheric subsidence on spring and summer surface ozone concentrations at the JRC Ispra station in northern Italy

Abstract. The influence of tropospheric ozone on the surface ozone concentrations is investigated at the monitoring station of JRC Ispra, based on 10 years of measurements (2006–2015) of surface ozone data. In situ hourly measurements of ozone and other air pollutants, meteorological parameters, and weekly averaged 7 Be (as an indicator of upper-tropospheric–stratospheric influence) and 210 Pb measurements (as an indicator of boundary layer influence) have been used for the analysis. In addition, IASI + GOME-2 and IASI ozone satellite data have also been used. It is observed that frequently 7 Be and ozone weekly peaks coincide, which might be explained by the impact of deep atmospheric subsidence on surface ozone, particularly during late spring and early summer. Based on this observation, a detailed analysis of selected 7 Be and ozone episodes occurring during that period of the year has been performed in order to further elucidate the mechanisms of tropospheric influence on the surface pollutant concentrations. For the analysis, composite NOAA/ESRL reanalysis synoptic meteorological charts in the troposphere have been used as well as IASI satellite ozone measurements and NOAA HYSPLIT back trajectories. The JRC station hourly measurements during subsidence episodes show very low values of local pollution parameters (e.g., NOx , 222 Rn, nephelometer data, PM10 ), close to zero. Conversely, during these periods ozone levels usually reach values around 45–60 ppb during the afternoon hours but also show significantly higher values than the average during the night and morning hours, which is a sign of direct tropospheric influence on the surface ozone concentrations.
Long-term implicit memory for sequential auditory patterns in humans

To understand auditory scenes, listeners track and retain the statistics of sensory inputs as they unfold over time. We combined behavioural manipulation and modelling to investigate how sequence statistics are encoded into long-term memory and used to interpret incoming sensory signals. In a series of experiments, participants detected the emergence of regularly repeating patterns in novel rapid sound sequences. Unbeknownst to them, a few regular patterns reoccurred sparsely (every ∼3 minutes). Reoccurring sequences showed a rapidly growing detection time advantage over novel sequences. This effect was implicit, robust to interference, and persisted up to 7 weeks. Human performance was reproduced by a memory-constrained probabilistic model, where sequences are stored as n-grams and are subject to memory decay. Results suggest that similar psychological mechanisms may underlie integration processes over different-time scales in memory formation and flexible retrieval.
The ‘DEEP’ Landing Error Scoring System

The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is an injury-risk screening tool used in sports; but scoring is time consuming, clinician-dependent, and generally inaccessible outside of elite sports. Our aim is to evidence that LESS scores can be automated using deep-learning-based computer vision combined with machine learning and compare the accuracy of LESS predictions using different video cropping and machine learning methods. Two-dimensional videos from 320 double-leg drop-jump landings with known LESS scores were analysed in OpenPose. Videos were cropped to key frames manually (clinician) and automatically (computer vision), and 42 kinematic features were extracted. A series of 10 × 10-fold cross-validation experiments were applied on full and balanced datasets to predict LESS scores. Random forest for regression outperformed linear and dummy regression models, yielding the lowest mean absolute error (1.23) and highest correlation (r = 0.63) between manual and automated scores. Sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.77) were reasonable for risk categorization (high-risk LESS ≥ 5 errors). Experiments using either a balanced (versus unbalanced) dataset or manual (versus automated) cropping method did not improve predictions. Further research on the automation would enhance the strength of the agreement between clinical and automated scores beyond its current levels, enabling quasi real-time scoring.