Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme chitinase from Streptomyces violaceoruber (strain pChi)

Abstract The food enzyme, a chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14), is produced with the genetically modified Streptomyces violaceoruber strain pChi by Nagase. No information was provided regarding the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in the production strain, other than that used in the genetic modification. The chitinase is intended to be used in baking processes. Based on the maximum use levels recommended, dietary exposure to the food enzyme–total organic solids (TOS) was estimated on the basis of individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. The exposure estimate is up to 0.829 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests did not raise a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90‐days oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level at the highest dose tested of 791 mg TOS/kg body weight, which, compared with the dietary exposure, results in margin of exposure of at least 1,171. Similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens was searched and no matches were found. The Panel considered that there are no indications for food allergic reactions to this chitinase. Based on the data provided and the derived margin of exposure, the Panel concluded that the food enzyme chitinase produced with the genetically modified S. violaceoruber strain pChi does not give rise to safety concerns arising from the toxicological studies and the production process under the intended conditions of use. The CEP Panel was unable to conclude on the absence of viable cells and DNA from the genetically modified production strain in the food enzyme, for which uncertainty remains on the possible presence of gene(s) conferring antimicrobial resistance.
Addressing rising alcohol-related harms in Canada

[See related article at [www.cmaj. ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.181575][2]][2] KEY POINTS New data confirm that alcohol-related harms are on the rise in Canada. Linked research shows that, between 2003 and 2016, the rate of alcohol-related emergency department visits in Ontario increased 4.4 times
Sepsis inhibits tumor growth in mice with cancer through Toll-like receptor 4-associated enhanced Natural Killer cell activity

ABSTRACT Sepsis-induced immune dysfunctions are likely to impact on malignant tumor growth. Sequential sepsis-then-cancer models of tumor transplantation in mice recovering from sepsis have shown that the post-septic immunosuppressive environment was able to promote tumor growth. We herein addressed the impact of sepsis on pre-established malignancy in a reverse cancer-then sepsis experimental model. Mice previously inoculated with MCA205 fibrosarcoma cells were subjected to septic challenges by polymicrobial peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture or endotoxinic shock. The anti-tumoral immune response was assessed through the distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, as well as the functions of cytotoxic cells. As compared to sham surgery, polymicrobial sepsis dampened malignant tumor growth in wild-type (WT) mice, but neither in Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4)−/- nor in Myd88−/- mice. Similar tumor growth inhibition was observed following a LPS challenge in WT mice, suggesting a regulatory role of Tlr4 in this setting. The low expression of MHC class 1 onto MCA205 cells suggested the involvement of Natural Killer (NK) cells in sepsis-induced tumor inhibition. Septic insults applied to mice with cancer promoted the main anti-tumoral NK functions of IFNγ production and degranulation. The anti-tumoral properties of NK cells obtained from septic mice were exacerbated when cultured with MHC1low MCA205 or YAC-1 cells. These results suggest that sepsis may harbor dual effects on tumor growth depending on the sequential experimental model. When applied in mice with cancer, sepsis prevents tumor growth in a Tlr4-dependent manner by enhancing the anti-tumoral functions of NK cells.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Analyze Hexagonal Plate with Hole Considering Different Geometrical and Loading Parameters

In the competitive nature of structural engineering, industry and its heuristic problem-solving needs, among other reasons, have contributed to the development of some advanced decision making tools. A step ahead from soft computing techniques, now artificial intelligence has proved itself as an efficient tool for solving the problem in construction industry over old tedious analytical methods. In this study, Artificial Neural Network is compared with finite element techniques in order to find the stress, strain and deflection in plates with holes. For approaching the complexity of the problem, hexagonal plates with holes and different geometrical and loading parameters have been taken as specimens. Finite element analysis for 81 cases are carried out using the software based on finite element method (FEM), ANSYS Workbench 15.0 software. Using these data of FEM analysis an Artificial Neural Network has been trained. The successfully trained network is further used for analysis of four new cases which are also validated by using FEM based software. It was found that most of the results were quite close to the FEM results. Such a technique can be used to reduce the computation time and labour. keywords Artificial Neural Networks; Finite Element Analysis; Hexagonal Plate; ANSYS
Semi - regular exercises for the rehabilitation of shoulder joint for weightlifting disabled athletes

The weight lifting athletes get injured while they are demonstrating the strength to lift the weight. It is observed mostly the shoulder joints are prone to affect due to physical imbalance or abnormal movement in weightlifting athletes. This results impair normal functional movement. The rehabilitation centers are providing the semi-regular exercises to regain their muscular strength. Muscular endurance is predominant rather than muscular strength. The rehabilitation centers are initially focusing on retain their muscular endurance and then focusing on increasing the muscular strength by practicing the semi-regular exercises. In this research work we suggest the semi-regular exercises to improve 3 different muscle contractions namely isometric contraction, concentric contraction and eccentric contractions of the skeletal muscle. The semi-regular exercises are aiming to improve the joint strength and range of motion in shoulder joint dislocation. This can be provided after two weeks of the shoulder dislocation of the weightlifting athletes with the confirmation from physician. The duration of the semi-regular exercises rehabilitation program is spanned across the period of 6 weeks to regain their muscle power and strength.
Guía de práctica clínica sobre el manejo de la depresión mayor en el adulto

Presentacion::Autoria y colaboraciones::Preguntas para responder::Resumen de las recomendaciones::1. Introduccion::2. Alcance y objetivos::3. Metodologia::4. Definicion y diagnostico de la depresion mayor::4.1. Definicion::4.2. Diagnostico::4.3. Factores de riesgo::4.4. Cribado de depresion::4.5. Riesgo de suicidio::5. Tratamiento farmacologico::5.1 Eficacia general::5.2 Eficacia comparativa de farmacos::5.3 Duracion del tratamiento::5.4 Estrategias farmacologicas en la depresion resistente::6. Psicoterapia::6.1 La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC)::6.2 La Terapia Interpersonal (TIP)::6.3 Otras terapias psicologicas::7. Otros tratamientos::7.1 Terapia electroconvulsiva::7.2 Autoayuda guiada::7.3 Grupos de apoyo::7.4 Ejercicio fisico::7.5 Acupuntura::7.6 Hierba de San Juan::8. Indicadores de calidad::9. Difusion e implementacion::10. Recomendacion de investigaciones futuras::Anexos::Anexo 1. Niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendaciones::Anexo 2. Lista de abreviaturas::Anexo 3. Glosario::Anexo 4. Algoritmo terapeutico::Anexo 5. Informacion para pacientes::Anexo 6. Conflicto de intereses::Anexo 7. Criterios diagnosticos segun la DSM-IV-TR::Anexo 8. Evaluacion de guias de practica clinica::Anexo 9. Instrumentos de evaluacion de la depresion::Anexo 10. Medidas de resultados en los estudios sobre trastornos depresivos::Anexo 11. Psicoterapias::Bibliografia.
Hypertension and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

In the past four decades, there is an increase in the incidence and prevalence of heart failure. It is the most common cause of hospital admission after the age of 65-year-old individuals. In heart failure, there is structural and functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. More than 75% of heart failure patients have antecedent hypertension. Hypertension accounts for 39% of risk in men and 59% of risk in women. Elevation of blood pressure leads to structural changes in the myocardium which, in turn, results in heart failure. Based on ejection fraction, the heart failure is classified as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) when the ejection is <40%, and when the ejection fraction is >50%, it is known as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Nearly half of all the patients with heart failure have HFpEF. HFpEF continues to increase in prevalence due to common risk factors such as hypertension, old age, female sex, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Hypertension, in particular, is a strong risk factor, and 80–90% of the people with hypertension have HFpEF. Historically, HFpEF was termed as diastolic heart failure, and this terminology is no more used now because recent investigations suggest a more complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology for HFpEF apart from diastolic dysfunction.
The Role of Occupational Therapy in Secondary Prevention of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is becoming a global health concern due to its prevalence and projected growth. Despite a growing number of interventions for secondary prevention of diabetes, there is a persistent poor glycemic control and poor adherence to the prescribed diabetes management regimen. In light of the tremendous costs of diabetes to both individuals and the society, it is pressing to find effective ways to improve diabetes self-management (DSM) and treatment adherence. Occupational therapists can bring values to the diabetes care team by evaluating multiple levels of influence on DSM, addressing personal and environmental barriers to well-being and DSM, and supporting patients to develop of a highly complex competences and skills to satisfactorily self-manage diabetes. This article summarizes two evidence-based, well-structured occupational therapy (OT) programs that use activity-based treatments and psychosocial strategies, respectively, to improve DSM abilities and to enhance quality of life. As the needs of adolescents with diabetes are quite different from other diabetic populations, this article also provides a summary of pediatric OT interventions that aim to facilitate autonomy and development of DSM ability among adolescents with diabetes. Evidence indicates that OT interventions can improve the quality of life and treatment adherence in patients with diabetes and hence should be continued and built on to address the increasing needs of diabetic populations.
A Student Performance Prediction Model Using Data Mining Technique

Predicting performance is very significant in the education world nowadays. This paper will describe the process of doing a prediction of student performance by using data mining technique. 257 data sets were taken from the student of semester 6 KPTM that involved four (4) academic programs which are Diploma in Computer System and Networking, Diploma in Information Technology, Diploma in Business Management and Diploma in Accountancy. Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) was used as a guide to the process of finding and extracting a knowledge from the dataset. A decision tree and linear regression were used to analyze the dataset based on variables selected. The variables used are Gender, Financing, SPM, GPASem1, GPASem2, GPASem3, GPASem4, GPASem5 and CGPA as a dependent variable. The result from this indicate the significant variable that contribute most to the students’ performance. Based on the analysis, the decision tree shows that GPASem1 has a strong significant to the CGPA final semester of the student and the prediction accuracy is 82%. The linear regression shows that the GPA for each semester has a highly significant with the dependent variable with 96.2% prediction accuracy. By having this information, the management of KPTM can make a plan to ensure that the student can maintain a good result and at the same time to make a strategic plans for those without a good result.
Prognosis of the decompressive craniectomy for stroke according to preoperative computed tomography

DOI:10.4328/ACAM.5951 Received: 27.06. 2018 Accepted: 25.07. 2018 Published Online: 29.07. 2018 Printed: 01.07. 2019 Ann Clin Anal Med 2019;10(4): 431-5 Corresponding Author: Ceren Kizmazoglu, Department of Neurosurgery, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Balçova, Izmir, 35340, Turkey. GSM: +905058737619 F. : +9
Future of cancer immunotherapy using plant virus-based nanoparticles

Immunotherapy potentiates a patient’s immune response against some forms of cancer, including malignant tumors. In this Special Report, we have summarized the use of nanoparticles that have been designed for use in cancer immunotherapy with particular emphasis on plant viruses. Plant virus-based nanoparticles are an ideal choice for therapeutic applications, as these nanoparticles are not only capable of targeting the desired cells but also of being safely delivered to the body without posing any threat of infection. Plant viruses can be taken up by tumor cells and can be functionalized as drug delivery vehicles. This Special Report describes how the future of cancer immunotherapy could be a success through the merger of computer-based technology using plant-virus nanoparticles.
Using the episode of care approach to analyze healthcare use and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Objectives . 2 1.3 Unifying theoretical framework . 3 1.4 Episodes of care . 3 1.5 Measurement of COPD exacerbations . 5 1.6 Healthcare cost of COPD exacerbations . 6 1.7 Statistical models for healthcare costs . 7 1.8 Organization of thesis . 8 1.9 References . 10 CHAPTER 2: MEASURING CARE TRAJECTORIES USING HEALTH ADMINISTRATIVE DATABASES: AN INVESTIGATION OF TRANSITIONS FROM EMERGENCY TO ACUTE CARE . 14 2.1 Chapter overview . 14 2.2 Abstract . 15 2.3 Background . 16 2.4 Methods . 17 2.4. 1 Data sources. 17 2.4. 2 Study cohort. 18 2.4. 3 Study measures . 18
Polypharmacy in octogenarian: Proton pump inhibitor induced acute kidney injury

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors are used very commonly for gastrointestinal prophylaxis in hospitalized patients. They become part of long list of medications used by older patients, who usually have multiple comorbidities and are on multiple medications. If they develop acute kidney injury, it is often difficult to identify the etiology. Case Report: An 80-year-old female on multiple medications presented with weakness, decrease in urine output, and rash. She was on pantoprazole for a long time due to many hospital admissions and continued taking it in between admissions. Previous admission kidney biopsy showed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). Acute kidney injury (AKI) improved with steroid therapy. Antibiotics and furosemide were identified as likely cause of AKI, but pantoprazole was not suspected and was continued. Pantoprazole was held current admission, and was treated with steroids again with improvement in creatinine (Cr) to 2.2 mg/dL from 3.9 mg/dL in three weeks. Conclusion: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently used for prophylaxis in hospitalized patients and continued upon discharge. Proton pump inhibitors are an important cause of AIN and important cause of chronic kidney disease. During discharge of hospitalized patients and post-discharge visit, indication for use of PPIs should be looked at carefully. Histamine blockers may be used, if needed for gastrointestinal prophylaxis.
Evaluation of hearing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls

Objective: To demonstrate the effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on hearing with audiometric and tympanometric measurements, and to reveal its relationship with the disease in comparison with healthy volunteers. Methods: The study included 30 RA patients and 30 healthy controls. Demographic findings such as age, height, weight, onset of complaint (year), time elapsed since diagnosis, previous surgery, accompanying systemic disease, drugs used, family history, habits of smoking and alcohol use were questioned for both groups. Tympanometry, pure voice audiometry and otoacoustic Emission tests were performed. Results: The hearing thresholds in the airway conduction in RA group were significantly higher in all frequencies (0.25-6 kHz) than in the control group. When bone conduction hearing thresholds were compared, RA group was more affected at only 4 kHz and left ear (p=0.006). When air-bone conduction differences (AB-gap) were examined, the differences in the RA group at 0.5, 1 and 4 kHz were statistically significant. When tympanometry and acoustic reflex measurement results were evaluated, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. In the transient OAE test, 3 (10 %) patients were in the RA and 2 (6.6 %) patients in the control group (p=0.064). Conclusion: Conductive hearing loss was significantly more frequent in patients with RA than in healthy individuals, whereas bone conduction was affected partially at high frequencies; whereas stapes reflex, compliance and pressure values were not significantly affected.
FEEDBACK TRAINING IMPROVES ACCURACY OF ESTIMATING UPPER EXTREMITY WEIGHT BEARING DURING FUNCTIONAL TASKS: IMPLICATIONS AFTER OPEN HEART SURGERY

Materials and Methods: An instrumented walker was used to measure arm force during functional mobility tasks including walker ambulation and sit-stand transfers. Pectoralis major muscle electromyography (EMG) activity was measured simultaneously in study participants (n = 21). After baseline testing, study participants underwent a brief session of visual and auditory concurrent feedback training. Data analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations (P<0.05).
Einfluss von Expanderzügen auf dem Laufband auf spatio-temporale und dynamische Gangparameter bei gesunden Probanden

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Gangtherapeutische Maßnahmen auf dem Laufband werden zunehmend durch den Einsatz technischer Hilfsmittel unterstützt. Hierbei kommen bei hohen Beeinträchtigungen der Gehfähigkeit mit geringer Restfunktion teilweise Robotiksysteme und Exoskelette zum Einsatz. Diese sind aufgrund der Investitionskosten jedoch wenig verbreitet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einsatz eines Expandersystems im gangtherapeutischen Setting und objektiviert den Einfluss verschiedener Zugrichtungen und Applikationsorte auf das Gangbild. Methode Insgesamt wurden 24 asymptomatische Probanden auf einem dynamometrischen Laufband untersucht. Sie absolvierten 12 Versuche mit bilateralen Expanderzügen (von ventral, lateral und dorsal) an Ober- und Unterschenkel. Ergebnisse Varianzanalytisch zeigten sich für die verschiedenen Testbedingungen signifikante Veränderungen in nahezu allen spatio-temporalen und dynamischen Gangparametern. Schlussfolgerung Basierend auf den Ergebnissen kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass der Expanderzug einen relevanten Einfluss auf das Gangbild und die am Gang beteiligten neuromuskulären Funktionseinheiten ausübt. Die Art und Richtung der Beeinflussung des Gangbildes ist dabei vom Applikationsort der Manschetten und der wirkenden Zugrichtung abhängig.
Studies on the pathophysiology of bile acid-induced inflammatory airways disease

i TABLE OF CONTENTS . iii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xvii DECLARATION . xviii PUBLICATIONS . xix CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 The respiratory system and airway epithelium . 1 1.2 Anatomy of the airway epithelium . 1 1.2.1 Basal cells . 3 1.2.2 Columnar secretory cells . 3 1.2.3 Columnar ciliated cells . 3 1.2.4 Alveolar type I cells . 4 1.2.5 Alveolar type II cells . 4 1.2. 6 Other cell types surrounding the airway epithelium. 4 1.2. 7 Basement membrane . 5 1.3 Functions of the airway epithelium . 5 1.3. 1 Epithelial barrier function and adhesion mechanisms . 5 1.3. 2 Mucociliary clearance and protective factors secretions . 5 1.3. 3 Epithelial inflammatory potential . 5 1.4 Gastro-oesophageal reflux . 6 1.4.1 Definition . 6 1.4.2 Diagnosis of GOR . 6 1.4.2.1 Endoscopy . 6 1.4.2.2 Ambulatory pH testing . 7 1.4.2.3 Impedance-pH monitoring . 7 1.4.2.4 Bilitec monitoring . 9 1.4.2.5 Bravo capsule . 9 1.4.3 Composition of gastric juice . 9 1.4.4 Treatment . 10 1.4.4.1 Lifestyle modifications . 10 1.4.4.2 Antacids . 10 1.4.4.3 Acid suppression therapy . 10 1.4.4.3. 1 Histamine-2 receptor antagonists . 10 iv 1.4.4.3. 2 Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) . 11 1.4.4. 4 Anti-reflux surgery . 11 1.4. 5 Extra-oesophageal reflux disease . 12 1.4. 6 Aspiration . 13 1.4. 7 Duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR) . 14 1.4. 8 Relationship between lung disease and GOR . 15 1.5 Bile Acids . 17 1.5. 1 Evidence for the presence of Bile Acid in the airway . 18 1.5. 2 Bile Acid receptors (BARs) . 22 1.6 Inflammation . 23 1.6. 1 Cytokines and chemokines . 23 1.6. 2 Main cytokines implicated in chronic inflammatory lung diseases . 23 1.6. 2.1 Interleukin-6 (IL-6) . 24 1.6. 2.2 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) . 24 1.6. 2.3 Interleukin 8 (IL-8) . 25 1.7 Airway mucus . 27 1.7. 1 Effect of aspiration . 27 1.7. 2 Mucus secretion . 28 8.1 Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT ( . 29 1.8.1 What is Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)? 29 1.8. 2 Molecular Markers . 30 1.8. 2.1 E-cadherin . 30 1.8. 2.2 Cytokeratins . 31 1.8. 2.3 α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) . 31 1.8. 2.4 Fibronectin . 31 1.8. 3 Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) induction of EMT . 32 1.8. 4 Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and EMT . 33 1.9 Overall aim . 35 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS . 37 2.1 Cell culture . 37 2.1.1 General practice . 37 2.1.2 Culture medium . 37 2.1.2.1 RPMI 1640 Medium . 37 2.1.2.2 Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) . 37 2.1.2.3 Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth Medium (BEGM) . 38 2.2 Cell lines and Primary cells . 38 2.2.1 Normal human bronchial epithelial cells . 38 2.2.2 BEAS-2B . 38