Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A FREEZE-DRIED RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL KIT FOR DOPAMINE TRANSPORTERS IMAGING

Introduction: 99mTc-TRODAT-1 is a promising new radiopharmaceutical with the potential for routine use as the radiopharmaceutical for dopamine transporters scintigraphy as far as its image quality and daily availability are concerned. Here we describe the development of a freeze-dried kit formulation based on the tricine exchange labeling approach for the preparation of this radiopharmaceutical in a clinical setting. Methods: A freeze-dried formulation contained of TRODAT-1, tricine, SnCl2 and manitol was prepared. Labeling was performed by addition of 1480 MBq 99mTc sodium pertechnetate in a total volume of 2 mL and incubation for 15 min in a boiling water bath. Radiochemical analysis involved ITLC and HPLC methods. The stability of radioconjugate was checked in the presence of human serum at 37 °C up to 24 h. Results: 99mTc-TRODAT-1 was prepared with a radiochemical purity of >95% and a high stability up to 24 h of the final preparation, and retained biological activity. Conclusion: The developed kit formulation forms the basis for further clinical evaluation of this promising new radiopharmaceutical.
Gravity wave characteristics from OH airglow imager over Maui

[1] The gravity wave (GW) characteristics over Maui from 2002 to 2007 are deduced from OH airglow imager. The dominant horizontal wavelength falls between 15 and 30 km. Intrinsic phase speeds are mainly in the range of 50–100 m s−1. Observed phase speeds are mainly in the range of 20–70 m s−1. Intrinsic wave periods are mostly below 30 min with the majority clusters around 5–15 min. For intrinsic wave period larger than 5 min, as wave period increases, the number of wave events decreases. Observed wave periods fall in the range of 8–20 min. The vertical wavelength distribution peaks between 20 and 30 km and falls rapidly as wavelength decreases. GWs propagating against (along) background wind are Doppler shifted to a higher (lower) frequency, larger (smaller) vertical wavelength, and decreased (enhanced) chance of observation. During all seasons Doppler shifting is part of the explanation as to why the majority of observed GWs propagate against the background wind. The preferentially poleward or equatorward propagation of GWs during summer or winter observed by airglow imagers at Maui can be explained by the effects of critical layer filtering, ducting, and Doppler shifting. In March, when critical layer filtering effects are not important, Doppler shifting and ducting play dominant roles in determining preferred zonal propagation direction. In December, ducting and wave source location predominantly determine wave propagation direction. Momentum flux deduced from OH imager is also highly anticorrelated with background wind on both seasonal and diurnal time frames. Momentum flux is highly modulated by tidal wind. Waves with shorter vertical wavelengths have much smaller power in GW spectra. OH imager may capture the majority of momentum flux of high-frequency GW spectra through the airglow layer.
ON THE USE OF DUAL-CO-POLARIZED TERRASAR-X DATA FOR WETLAND MONITORING

Abstract. Today's SAR sensors provide a variety of different image modes particularly with regard to multipolarised acquisitions. Until now, each polarisation mode requires a special decomposition which is a severe drawback when designing processing chains. Therefore, a new description for multipolarized SAR data based on the well-known Kennaugh matrix was developed that enables the uniform description and processing of SAR data independent of its polarisation by separating backscattering strength from polarimetric information. This mathematical approach subsequently is extended to the processing of multitemporal SAR data in order to stabilize the polarimetric information over longer periods of time and to enhance temporal changes in the polarimetric backscattering. Because of the high sensitivity of the Kennaugh elements a novel multilooking technique based on the Gaussian pyramid is used that locally adapts the look factor and thus selects the optimal balance between radiometric accuracy and geometric resolution. This methodology is applied to two dual-co-polarized TerraSAR-X acquisitions over the RAMSAR testsite "Upper Rhine" in order to generate value-added products that help to map land cover and land cover changes in consequence of water level changes. The first results are very promising although the interpretation of the observed polarimetric changes is not yet validated. The aim of this paper is to present a further application of the (Differential) Kennaugh matrix which will be the kernel of a polarimetry and change detection processor to be implemented in the coming years.
Architecting the enterprise towards enhanced innovation capability

In today’s competitive environment, organisations cannot afford to focus only on effectiveness and efficiencies – they also need to innovate. This is evident from most literature sources on innovation. Innovation topics, such as the innovation process and the drivers, barriers, principles, and success factors for innovation, have received a lot of attention in the literature. What is still lacking, however, is a consolidated view of the core requirements for building an innovation capability within an organisation. This paper lays the foundation for an innovation capability reference architecture by identifying those innovation success factors or requirements described in the literature, and consolidating and structuring it within an easy-to-use enterprise architecture framework.
Investment and Uncertainty with Time to Build: Evidence from U.S. Copper Mining

The standard real-options model predicts that increased uncertainty discourages investment. When projects are large and take time to build, however, this prediction can be reversed. We investigate the investment/uncertainty relationship empirically using historical data on opening dates of new U.S. copper mines - large, irreversible projects with substantial construction lags. Both the timing of the decision to go forward and the price thresholds that trigger that decision are assessed. We find that, in this market, greater uncertainty encourages investment and lowers the price thresholds for many mines.
A PSO MODEL FOR DISEASE PATTERN DETECTION ON LEAF SURFACES

The main objective of this paper is to segment the disease affected portion of a plant leaf and extract the hybrid features for better classification of different disease patterns. A new approach named as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for image segmentation. PSO is an automatic unsupervised efficient algorithm which is used for better segmentation and better feature extraction. Features extracted after segmentation are important for disease classification so that the hybrid feature extraction components controls the accuracy of classification for different diseases. The approach named as Hybrid Feature Extraction (HFE), which has three components namely color, texture and shape based features. The performance of the preprocessing result was compared and the best result was taken for image segmentation using PSO. Then the hybrid feature parameters were extracted from the gray level co-occurrence matrices of different leaves. The proposed method was tested on different images of disease affected leaves, and the experimental results exhibit its effectiveness.
Learning-by-Doing or Habit Formation?

In a recent paper, Chang, Gomes, and Schorfheide (2002) extend the standard real business cycle (RBC) model to allow for a learning-by-doing (LBD) mechanism whereby current labour supply affects future productivity. They show that this feature magnifies the propagation of shocks and improves the matching performance of the standard RBC model. In this paper, the authors show that the LBD model is nearly observationally equivalent to an RBC model with habit formation in labour (or, equivalently, in leisure). Under the same calibration of the parameters, the two models share the same equilibrium paths of output, consumption, and investment, but have different implications for hours worked. Using Bayesian techniques, the authors investigate which of the LBD and habit models fits the U.S. data best. Their results suggest that the habit specification is more strongly supported by the data.
Metal dusting

This introductory review paper summarizes shortly the research on metal dusting, conducted in the MPI for Iron Research during the last dozen years. Metal dusting is a disintegration of metals and alloys to a dust of graphite and metal particles, occurring in carburizing atmospheres at aC > 1 and caused by the tendency to graphite formation. The cause of destruction is inward growth of graphite planes into the metal phase, or in the case of iron and low alloy steels into cementite formed as an intermediate. The kinetics of metal dusting on iron and steels was elucidated concerning dependencies on time, temperature and partial pressures. High alloy steels and Ni‐base alloys are attacked through defects in the oxide scale which leads to pitting and outgrowth of coke protrusions, after initial internal formation of stable carbides M23C6, M7C3 and MC. A dense oxide layer prevents metal dusting, but formation of a protective Cr‐rich scale must be favored by a fine‐grain microstructure and/or surface deformation, providing fast diffusion paths for Cr. Additional protection is possible by sulfur from the atmosphere, since sulfur adsorbs on metal surfaces and suppresses carburization. Sulfur also interrupts the metal dusting mechanism on iron and steels, causing slow cementite growth. Under conditions where no sulfur addition is possible, the use of high Cr Nickelbase‐alloys is recommended, they are largely protected by an oxide scale and if metal dusting takes place, its rate is much slower than on steels.
A WFC3 GRISM EMISSION LINE REDSHIFT CATALOG IN THE GOODS-SOUTH FIELD

We combine Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera3 (WFC3) imaging and G141 grism observations from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and 3D-HST surveys to produce a catalog of grism spectroscopic redshifts for galaxies in the CANDELS/GOODS-South field. The WFC3/G141 grism spectra cover a wavelength range of 1.1 ≤ λ ≤ 1.7 ? > μm with a resolving power of R ∼ 130 ? > for point sources, thus providing rest-frame optical spectra for galaxies out to z ∼ 3.5 ? > . The catalog is selected in the H-band (F160W) and includes both galaxies with and without previously published spectroscopic redshifts. Grism spectra are extracted for all H-band detected galaxies with H ≤ ? > 24 and a CANDELS photometric redshift z phot ≥ 0.6 ? > . The resulting spectra are visually inspected to identify emission lines, and redshifts are determined using cross-correlation with empirical spectral templates. To establish the accuracy of our redshifts, we compare our results against high-quality spectroscopic redshifts from the literature. Using a sample of 411 control galaxies, this analysis yields a precision of &sgr; NMAD = 0.0028 ? > for the grism-derived redshifts, which is consistent with the accuracy reported by the 3D-HST team. Our final catalog covers an area of 153 arcmin2 and contains 1019 redshifts for galaxies in GOODS-S. Roughly 60% (608/1019) of these redshifts are for galaxies with no previously published spectroscopic redshift. These new redshifts span a range of 0.677 ≤ z ≤ 3.456 ? > and have a median redshift of z = 1.282. The catalog contains a total of 234 new redshifts for galaxies at z > 1.5 ? > . In addition, we present 20 galaxy pair candidates identified for the first time using the grism redshifts in our catalog, including four new galaxy pairs at z ∼ 2 ? > , nearly doubling the number of such pairs previously identified.
ESTIMATING SEASONALITY IN THE MEAN AND VARIANCE

OST ECONOMIC TIME SERIES EXHIBIT seasonal variation or cyclical patterns. Recent literature argues that seasonality should be explicitly accounted for, perhaps by including seasonal dummy variables in the model (Davidson and MacKinnon 1993). This model-based approach to seasonality and cyclical patterns has become more appealing as problems with using seasonally adjusted data continue to surface (e.g., Ghysels 1988, 1990; Ghysels and Perron 1993; Hylleberg 1986; Jaeger and Kunst 1990; Sims 1974, 1993; and Wallis 1974). Much of the literature on model-based seasonal adjustment has employed models with constant variances. The vast literature on auto-regressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and generalized ARCH models, however, clearly documents that conditional variances are frequently time-varying. Recent surveys of the extensive literature include Bollerslev, Chou and Kroner (1992), Bera and Higgins (1993), and Bollerslev, Engle, and Nelson (1994). Given that the mean process associated with some series exhibits seasonality, it is very likely that the variance of a series will also demonstrate some form of seasonality. For example, prices for many agricultural commodities tend to be more volatile during the growing season than other periods of the year (Goodwin 1994). As noted by Burridge and Wallis (1992), the assumption that the autocovariance structure does not vary with the season while the conditional mean does is unduly restrictive. Aside from econometric issues, there are, as well, practical reasons for caring about seasonality. For example, several extension articles address seasonality of the mean and variance of prices for agricultural commodities (see, e.g., Jones, Mintert, and Albright 1997, Flaskerud and Johnson 2000, Tierney, Waller, and Amosson 1999, Trapp 1995, and Ward, Williams, and Bliss 1989). The demand for this seasonal price information by agricultural producers suggests that they find this information valuable in making their production, marketing, and risk management decisions. But as we demonstrate below, traditional methods that have been used to estimate seasonality may lead to inappropriate results, especially with respect to the seasonal variance of price information.
Does food abundance explain altitudinal migration in a tropical frugivorous bird

Many animals undergo annual migrations. These movements are well studied at proximate levels, but their fundamental causes are poorly understood. Among tropical frugivorous birds, annual migration is thought to have evolved in the context of exploiting reciprocal peaks in fruit abundance among locations and seasons, yet previous tests of this hypothesis have yielded equivocal results. In this paper, I tested whether protein and (or) fruit limitation explain both uphill and downhill migratory movements in a tropical frugivorous bird, the White-ruffed Manakin (Corapipo altera Hellmayer, 1906). While White-ruffed Manakins likely migrate uphill to exploit peaks in fruit abundance, I found no evidence that elevational differences in fruit abundance explain the downhill portion of the migratory cycle. This result challenges long-standing ideas regarding the causes of altitudinal migration because it implies that birds seeking to maximize fruit intake should remain sedentary at higher elevations. Data are also i.
A Survey of Energy Harvesting Sources for IoT Device

Environmental Energy is an alternative energy for wireless devices. A Survey of Energy Harvesting Sources for IoT Device is proposed. This paper identifies the sources of energy harvesting, methods and power density of each technique. Many reassert have carried to extract energy from environment. The IoT and M2M are connected through internet or local area network and these devices come with batteries. The maintenance and charging of batteries becomes tedious due to thousands of device are connected. The concept of Energy harvesting gives the solution for powering IoT, M2M, Wireless nodes etc. The process of extracting energy from the surrounding environment is termed as energy harvesting and derived from windmill and water wheel, thermal, mechanical, solar.
The Relationship between Attachment, Depression, and Anxiety in Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems

The face of treatment for juvenile sex offending is changing, with a movement away from approaches based inforensic models toward more relational, holistic models. This movement has highlighted the importance of attachment experiences in the evaluation, assessment, and treatment of juveniles with sexual behavior problems (JSBPs) along with other important etiological factors, such as depression and anxiety. The current research utilized a correlational design to explore perceptions of attachment relationships, depression, and anxiety in a sample of incarcerated male JSBPs. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients revealed several interesting relationships among the variables. By considering relationships between attachment and common etiological factors, clinicians may be better able to improve overall treatment outcome for youth and their communities.
Modelling the Evaporation Rate in an Impingement Jet Dryer with Multiple Nozzles

Impinging jets are often used in industry to dry, cool, or heat items. In this work, a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics model is created to model an impingement jet dryer with a total of 9 pairs of nozzles that dries sheets of metal. Different methods to model the evaporation rate are studied, as well as the influence of recirculating the outlet air. For the studied conditions, the simulations show that the difference in evaporation rate between single- and two-component treatment of moist air is only around 5%, hence indicating that drying can be predicted with a simplified model where vapor is included as a nonreacting scalar. Furthermore, the humidity of the inlet air, as determined from the degree of recirculating outlet air, has a strong effect on the water evaporation rate. Results show that the metal sheet is dry at the exit if 85% of the air is recirculated, while approximately only 60% of the water has evaporated at a recirculation of 92,5%.
Analysis of the Copenhagen Accord pledges and its global climatic impacts—a snapshot of dissonant ambitions

This analysis of the Copenhagen Accord evaluates emission reduction pledges by individual countries against the Accord’s climate-related objectives. Probabilistic estimates of the climatic consequences for a set of resulting multi-gas scenarios over the 21st century are calculated with a reduced complexity climate model, yielding global temperature increase and atmospheric CO2 and CO2-equivalent concentrations. Provisions for banked surplus emission allowances and credits from land use, land-use change and forestry are assessed and are shown to have the potential to lead to significant deterioration of the ambition levels implied by the pledges in 2020. This analysis demonstrates that the Copenhagen Accord and the pledges made under it represent a set of dissonant ambitions. The ambition level of the current pledges for 2020 and the lack of commonly agreed goals for 2050 place in peril the Accord’s own ambition: to limit global warming to below 2 °C, and even more so for 1.5 °C, which is referenced in the Accord in association with potentially strengthening the long-term temperature goal in 2015. Due to the limited level of ambition by 2020, the ability to limit emissions afterwards to pathways consistent with either the 2 or 1.5 °C goal is likely to become less feasible.
Age Differences at Marriage Between Couples and the Risk of Divorce in Amassoma Community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

This study aimed to examine whether age differences between married couples were a determinant in marital instability among married people in Amassoma community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was used as the research frame for the study. Purposive sampling techniques were used to sample 22 respondents for the study. Three hypotheses were formulated to keep the study in focus. The results of the study revealed that age differences among marriage couples account for the high rate of divorce in our study area. Husband-older couples were significantly more dissatisfied and experience high rate of divorce than wife older, and same-age marriages. The study gives valuable insight to the future use of couple therapist in society. Family therapists can work with couples for nurturing their intimacy thereby control and handling couples conflicts by knowing about spouses differences based on Gender and age differences.
Can food availability influence economic growth - the case of African countries

Th ere is a growing consensus that food security is vital to the general wellbeing of any economy, but a far less consensus on whether food security can spur economic growth in a country. Many economic growth strategies focus on specifi c interventions (trade openness index, tropical climatic variables, working age population share etc.), but many factors, such as food availability, female education and health outcomes, can potentially have a profound infl uence on economic growth. To explore this hypothesis more systematically, this paper employs a rich cross-country dataset of 124 countries to examine the impact of food security, using food availability as a proxy on economic growth. Th is paper examines the impact of food shortages on African economic growth rates. It does so by extending the Barro growth model to include food availability as a right hand-side variable and by distinguishing African countries with food shortages from others. Based on the cross-country regressions results, the paper concludes that the improved food availability indeed con- tributes to the improved economic growth in general, as well as in Africa.
To appear in J . Fluid Mech . 1 The quasi-geostrophic theory of the thermal shallow water equations

The thermal shallow water equations provide a depth-averaged description of motions in a fluid layer that permits horizontal variations in material properties. They typically arise through an equivalent barotropic approximation of a two-layer system, with a spatially varying density contrast due to an evolving temperature field in the active layer. We formalise a previous derivation of the quasi-geostrophic (QG) theory of these equations, by performing a direct asymptotic expansion for small Rossby number. We then present a second derivation as the small Rossby number limit of a balanced model that projects out high-frequency dynamics due to inertia-gravity waves. This later derivation has wider validity, not being restricted to mid-latitude β-planes. We also derive their local energy conservation equation from the QG limit of a thermal shallow water pseudo-energy conservation equation. This derivation involves the ageostrophic correction to the leading order geostrophic velocity that is eliminated in the usual derivation of a closed evolution equation for the QG potential vorticity. Finally, we derive the non-canonical Hamiltonian structure of the thermal QG equations from a decomposition in Rossby number of a pseudo-energy and Poisson bracket for the thermal shallow water equations.