Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of a short post-lunch nap in improving cognitive, motor, and sprint performance in participants with partial sleep deprivation

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a post-lunch nap on subjective alertness and performance following partial sleep loss. Ten healthy males (mean age 23.3 years, s = 3.4) either napped or sat quietly from 13:00 to 13:30 h after a night of shortened sleep (sleep 23:00 – 03:00 h only). Thirty minutes after the afternoon nap or control (no-nap) condition, alertness, short-term memory, intra-aural temperature, heart rate, choice reaction time, grip strength, and times for 2-m and 20-m sprints were recorded. The afternoon nap lowered heart rate and intra-aural temperature. Alertness, sleepiness, short-term memory, and accuracy at the 8-choice reaction time test were improved by napping (P < 0.05), but mean reaction times and grip strength were not affected (P > 0.05). Sprint times were improved. Mean time for the 2-m sprints fell from 1.060 s (s [xbar] = 0.018) to 1.019 s (s [xbar] = 0.019) (P = 0.031 paired t-test); mean time for the 20-m sprints fell from 3.971 s (s [xbar] = 0.054) to 3.878 s (s [xbar] = 0.047) (P = 0.013). These results indicate that a post-lunch nap improves alertness and aspects of mental and physical performance following partial sleep loss, and have implications for athletes with restricted sleep during training or before competition.
Systolic and Diastolic Cardiac Function in Hypertension

Hemodynamic variables in hypertension are governed in part by pressure-volume relationships that in turn can be subdivided between systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. These variables are of great consequence when screening patients with high blood pressure, in particular in the early stages. Both systolic and diastolic cardiac function, now detectable by echocardiography, can be affected by antihypertensive agents. Against this background, various antihypertensives gain significance, as in addition to their blood pressure-lowering effect they may also change detrimental metabolic and (para-) endocrine variables associated with hypertension.
Depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in patients with multiple system atrophy

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extrapyramidal signs, prominent autonomic failure, and a poor prognosis. In the absence of restorative treatment, management is aimed at improving quality of life. Little is known about modifiable factors, such as depression, that may affect quality of life in MSA. The present study investigated the rate of depressive symptoms and their relationship to life satisfaction in patients with MSA. Ninety‐nine patients with MSA (54% women; mean age, 67.8 ± 8.8) completed measures of depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, physical function, and disease and demographic factors. Objective autonomic indices were abstracted from the medical chart. Participants reported a high rate of depressive symptoms, with 39% endorsing moderate to severe depressive symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI ≥ 7). Reported life satisfaction was low, with a mean of 38.8 on a 100‐point visual analogue scale (0 = Extremely Dissatisfied, 100 = Extremely Satisfied). The SF‐36 Physical Component Scale was approximately 1.5 standard deviations below the mean of a normative sample of healthy adults the same age. Regression analysis revealed that autonomic disease parameters accounted for 22% of the variance in life satisfaction. Physical function did not account for any additional variance; however, depressive symptoms accounted for an additional 15%. Depressive symptoms are common, often severe, and an important determinant of life satisfaction in patients with MSA. Adequate treatment of comorbid depression may improve quality of life in this population, despite the presence of other debilitating deficits. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A conformational switch controls cell wall‐remodelling enzymes required for bacterial cell division

Remodelling of the peptidoglycan (PG) exoskeleton is intimately tied to the growth and division of bacteria. Enzymes that hydrolyse PG are critical for these processes, but their activities must be tightly regulated to prevent the generation of lethal breaches in the PG matrix. Despite their importance, the mechanisms regulating PG hydrolase activity have remained elusive. Here we investigate the control of cell division hydrolases called amidases (AmiA, AmiB and AmiC) required for Escherichia coli cell division. Poorly regulated amiB mutants were isolated encoding lytic AmiB variants with elevated basal PG hydrolase activities in vitro. The structure of an AmiB orthologue was also solved, revealing that the active site of AmiB is occluded by a conserved alpha helix. Strikingly, most of the amino acid substitutions in the lytic AmiB variants mapped to this domain and are predicted to disrupt its interaction with the active site. Our results therefore support a model in which cell separation is stimulated by the reversible relief of amidase autoinhibition governed by conserved subcomplexes within the cytokinetic ring. Analogous conformational control mechanisms are likely to be part of a general strategy used to control PG hydrolases present within multienzyme PG‐remodelling machines.
Sound Playback Experiments with Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis)

A variety of sound recordings were played to southern right whales. Whales approached the loudspeaker and made frequent sounds in response to recordings of other southern right whales, but swam away and made relatively few sounds in response to playbacks of water noise, 200-hertz tones, and humpback whale sounds. Thus it appears that southern right whales can differentiate between con-specific sounds and other sounds.
Can E-Mail Reminders Sustain Training Gains From Continuing Education?

Suicide is a significant public health problem, and is the most frequently encountered emergency situation in mental health settings. Because of the ubiquity of suicide risk in psychiatric services, and the paucity of training in this area, there have been calls to improve training in the assessment and management of suicide risk (1). The most common strategy to increase provider knowledge and attitudes about addressing client suicide is conducting one-time continuing education trainings. Unfortunately, an ever-growing body of implementation research has consistently documented that single-exposure training models are largely ineffective (2). Although these workshop models can yield increases in provider knowledge immediately after training, they are limited in the extent to which they produce consistent or sustained changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviors over time (3). There is increasing recognition that ongoing contact and post-training supports is essential to the successful implementation of new practices; however, this can easily increase the cost of training by 50% or more. Efficient methods for supporting trainees following initial training are needed. The overarching aim of this research is to evaluate whether the addition of an email reminder system to a tradition professional development model can enhance its effects and result in detectable, sustained changes in practitioner knowledge and attitudes. Data on knowledge and attitudes were obtained prior to the training, immediately after the training, and at three month follow-up. Participants included 83 clinicians recruited from a in person suicide prevention training, designed to meet the requirements of new legislation in Washington State (RCW 43.70.442) (4). Participants were randomly assigned to a low-cost email reminder condition or no reminder condition that provided information related to suicide assessment and management. Repeated Measures ANOVAs (RM-ANOVA) was used to examine the effect of post-training reminders on suicide knowledge and attitudes. All practitioners demonstrated increases in suicide assessment knowledge and reported more favorable attitudes to engage with suicidal clients and to utilize standard assessment for suicide risk assessments from pre- to posttest, and these gains were maintained at the 3-month follow-up (F(3, 72) = 10.43, p = . 002 for suicide assessment knowledge, F(3, 72) = No differences were found by reminder condition, suggesting that the or timing of email reminders did not influence the extent to which clinicians benefited from the continued education program.
Fault-Tolerant Wormhole Routing Algorithms for Mesh Networks

We present simple methods to enhance the current minimal wormhole routing algorithms developed for high radix, low dimensional mesh networks for fault tolerant routing. We consider arbitrarily located faulty blocks and assume only local knowledge of faults. Messages are routed minimally when not blocked by faults and this constraint is relaxed to route around faults. The key concept we use is a fault ring consisting of fault free nodes and links can be formed around each fault region. Our fault tolerant techniques use these fault rings to route messages around fault regions. We show that, using just one extra virtual channel per physical channel, the well known e cube algorithm can be used to provide deadlock free routing in networks with nonoverlapping fault rings; there is no restriction on the number of faults. For the more complex faults with overlapping fault rings, four virtual channels are used. We also prove that at most four additional virtual channels are sufficient to make fully adaptive algorithms tolerant to multiple faulty blocks in n dimensional meshes. All these algorithms are deadlock and livelock free. Further, we present simulation results for the e cube and a fully adaptive algorithm fortified with our fault tolerant routing techniques and show that good performance may be obtained with as many as 10% links faulty. >
The Effect of Haptic Guides on Human Performance in Virtual Environments

In order to make the virtual environments(VE’s) more realistic and to increase human performance, the inclusion of haptic modality becomes more important. In this paper we present two new haptic guides. The haptic guides are fundamentally aimed to assist users for object selection in VE’s. We divide the virtual environment into three zones. In the first zone the user can freely move and don’t use any sort of guides. In the 2nd zone, user is given visual guidance and the 3rd zone contains haptic guides along with visual guides. As the paper presents two different models of the haptic guides, one for free and multidirectional selection and the second for precise and single direction selection. We not only study the effect of these guides on human task performance in the VE but also investigate a comparison of the two haptic models.
How and Why the Dynamics of Poverty Differ Across European Countries

In a duration analysis framework, I develop a method in the spirit of the popular Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition that allows disentangling the cross-country differences in measures of poverty dynamics in the contribution due to differences in the distribution of characteristics and the contribution due to differences in the poverty dynamics generating process. I illustrate this with the comparison of ten European countries in the second half of the 1990s. Despite remarkable differences in the composition of the working-age population, the results of the analysis show that cross-country variation in poverty dynamics measures is mainly determined by differences in the poverty dynamics generating process rather than by the heterogeneity in population composition. Since the age of the household head and household living arrangements show the most varied effects among the explanatory variables, the results of the paper point out family related policies as one of the main driver of poverty dynamics heterogeneity. JEL Classification: C23, D31, I32
Antisense Sp1 oligodeoxynucleotide decreases telomerase activity by inhibiting hTERT mRNA expression in Jurkat T cells.

AIM To study the effects of transcriptional factor Sp1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression. METHODS Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was designed to inhibit Sp1 expression and transferred to Jurkat T cells by lipofectamin. Telomerase PCR-ELISA was used to detect telomerase activity. RT-PCR analysis was used to assess the mRNA expression of Sp1 and hTERT, and Western blot was used to analyze the levels of Sp1 protein. RESULTS Treatment of Jurkat T cells with Sp1 antisense ODN (1 micromol/L) dramatically reduced Sp1 mRNA and protein levels. The inhibition rate was 44.8 % (P <0.05) and 57 % (P <0.01), respectively. Following the transcriptional factor Sp1 functionally altering, hTERT mRNA expression were suppressed with a 43.7 % inhibition rate (P <0.01). A dose-dependent inhibition of telomerase activity by antisense Sp1 ODN was also discovered. From 0.25 to 2.0 micromol/L, telomerase activity was reduced from 27.1 % to 64.6 %. CONCLUSION Antisense Sp1 ODN decreases telomerase activity by inhibiting hTERT mRNA expression in Jurkat T cells.
Paper-to-reviewer assignment, based on expertise degree of reviewers and relevance degree between reviewers and papers

Automating the process of paper-to-reviewer assignment is a difficult task to be adequately resolved. Many papers concerning the related topics have been published, but there is still scare of systematic research applications. In most real world conference management, the assignment task is carried out manually by the programme committee, lacking of intelligent assigning rules and efficient matching method. The manual assignment is not only of low efficiency but also does not guarantee to result in the best solution. Given such situation, our paper sets out to analyse the problem of reviewer selection and propose a method for automatically matching papers with reviewers. Our objective is to reduce the loads of both programme committee and reviewers and make the conference-paper assignment task effectual. In this paper, we address this issue of paper-to-reviewer assignment and propose a method to model reviewers, based on the matching degree between reviewers and papers by combining preference-based approach and topic-based approach. We explain the assignment algorithm and show the evaluation results in comparison with Hungarian algorithm.
E ects of Information Transmission by High Frequency Traders on Market Quality

We develop a two period model of trade where an insider, a noise trader, a high frequency trader (HFT) and a market maker trade a divisible asset that has a common value in two parallel markets. The market makers set competitive prices in both markets. We analyze the e ects of the high frequency trader, who can gain from observing prices across markets, on market quality. Even though informed traders can transfer information across markets that is potentially useful in setting a more accurate price for the asset, we show that due to strategic interactions between the insider and the HFT, price discovery does not improve. Also, we show that HFT has a negative e ect on market liquidity. ∗Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University. Email: apeivandi@gsu.edu †Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley. Email: Rezaei@berkeley.edu 1
Ex Vivo Characterization of the Autoimmune T Cell Response in the HLA-DR1 Mouse Model of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Reveals Long-Term Activation of Type II Collagen-Specific Cells and Their Presence in Arthritic Joints1

Although the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis, is mediated by both collagen-specific CD4+ T cells and Ab specific for type II collagen (CII), the role of CII-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of CIA remains unclear. Using tetrameric HLA-DR1 with a covalently bound immunodominant CII peptide, CII259–273, we studied the development of the CII-specific T cell response in the periphery and arthritic joints of DR1 transgenic mice. Although the maximum number of DR1-CII-tetramer+ cells was detected in draining lymph nodes 10 days postimmunization, these T cells accounted for only 1% or less of the CD4+ population. After day 10, their numbers gradually decreased, but were still detectable on day 130. Examination of TCR expression and changes in CD62L, CD44high, and CD69 expression by these T cells indicated that they expressed a limited TCR-BV repertoire and had clearly undergone activation. RT-PCR analysis of cytokine expression by the tetramer+ T cells compared with tetramer− cells indicated the tetramer+ cells expressed high levels of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and especially IL-17. Additionally, analysis of the synovium from arthritic paws indicated that the same CD4+/BV8+/BV14+/tetramer+ T cells were present in the arthritic joints. These data demonstrate that although only small numbers of CII-specific T cells are generated during the development of CIA, these cells express very high levels of cytokine mRNA and appear to preferentially migrate to the arthritic joint, indicating a potential direct role of CII-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of CIA.
An Improved ID-based Authenticated Group Key Agreement Scheme

Xinjun Du, Ying Wang, Jianhua Ge and Yumin Wang Key Laboratory of Computer Networks and Information Security Xidian University Xi’an 710071, P.R. China Abstract. Authenticated group key agreement problem is important in many modern collaborative and distributed applications. There are two ID-based authenticated group key agreement schemes have been proposed by Choi et al. and us, which are based on bilinear pairings and BD scheme. Recently, Zhang and Chen propose an impersonation attack on the two schemes, which means the schemes are not fully authenticated. In this paper, we propose an improved ID-based authenticated group key agreement scheme which can resist this attack.
A Review of New Pharmacologic Treatments for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Heart failure (HF) impacts an estimated 5.7 million Americans, and its prevalence is projected to increase to more than 8 million Americans in the next 15 years. Key clinical trials have established an evidence‐based foundation for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Ivabradine and sacubitril/valsartan, which inhibit the f‐channel and the angiotensin receptor and neprilysin, respectively, were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for HFrEF. In systolic heart failure, treatment with the If inhibitor ivabradine significantly reduced the combined endpoint of cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospital admission vs placebo (P < .05). In the Prospective Comparison of angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure trial, sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduced the combined endpoint of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization vs enalapril (P < .001). The place of therapy with ivabradine and sacubitril/valsartan is defined by these trials and their interplay with guideline‐directed medical therapy. Ivabradine and sacubitril/valsartan increase pharmacotherapy options for the treatment of HFrEF but are not yet first‐line agents. Clinical application will be better defined in the coming years as practitioners increase their familiarity with ivabradine and sacubitril/valsartan.
FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION OF PRAVASTATIN LOADED LONG-CIRCULATING LIPOSOMES USING A DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

Pravastatin (PRAV) is a hydrophilic statin which has been reported to have antiangiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the beneficial effects of statins on tumour growth are obtained at high doses, the systemic administration of those doses being associated with severe toxicity. Thus, site-specific delivery with liposomal systems may be a novel approach in order to enrich its therapeutic effects, while reducing the overall doses required. The objective of this study was to optimize the formulation of PRAV-loaded long circulating liposomes (LCL-PRAV) by using a D-optimal experimental design. The influence of seven formulation and process factors i.e. phospholipids molar concentration (mM), the molar ratio of phospholipids to cholesterol, the PRAV molar concentration (mM), the hydration temperature (°C), the extrusion temperature (°C), the rotation speed at the formation of the lipid film (rot/min) and the rotation speed at the hydration of the film (rot/min) was studied on PRAV liposomal concentration, the encapsulation efficiency (EE %), liposomal size and the Polydispersity Index (PDI). The desired characteristics of LCL-PRAV are the relatively high drug encapsulation efficiency (> 45%), the low and predictable variation in the drug encapsulation efficiency, the particle size range of 180 200 nm and the low PDI value (< 0.100). The optimized formulation had liposomal PRAV concentration of 6128 ± 237 μg/mL, an encapsulation efficiency of 47 ± 13%, 192.3 ± 5 nm size and a PDI of 0,098 ± 0.006. The overall results showed that PRAV can be successfully incorporated into long-circulating liposomes.
A mutual trust scheme for vehicular Ad-Hoc networks under sparse RSUs environment

In this paper, based on the concept of chameleon hash function, we propose a secure mutual trust scheme for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In the proposed scheme, the trusted authorizer (TA), holding two common secrets, will issue an identity to every entity that may be road side unit (RSU) or vehicle. An identity contains a public ID and a private key. The public ID is used to present an entity, and the private key is used to make mutual trust keys with other entity's public ID. A public ID can be verified to be a legal one, and the mutual trust key will be the evidence that a node owns the related public ID. At the starting time of a time slot or after finding malicious entities, TA will broadcast a new group key to all valid RSUs that will response the group key request from vehicles. Using the new group key, vehicles can change new parameters, public ID and private key to do mutual trust with other vehicles. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can revoke the right of malicious RSUs or vehicles, work well under malicious attacking and satisfy the requirement of a secure VANETs. As the result of functionality and performance comparison, the proposed mutual trust scheme is superior to the related works.
The reactions of the 2'-deoxyadenosine electron adduct in aqueous solution. The effects of the radiosensitizer p-nitroacetophenone. A pulse spectroscopic and pulse conductometric study.

The reactions of the one electron adduct of 2'-deoxyadenosine dA(-), in aqueous solutions have been studied using pulse radiolysis techniques with optical absorption and conductivity detection. The dA(-) radical anion itself shows a weak and featureless optical absorption at greater than 300 nm. It reacts rapidly with H20 (k equals 6 x 10(4)M(-1)s(-1); t1/2 equals 210 ns) to yield at least three different protonated structures (dAH., dA'H., dA"H.). In neutral solutions the most important of these (dAH., lambda(max) equals 315 nm) decays by a first order process (t1/2 approximately equal to 9 microseconds). In basic solutions dAH. undergoes on OH- catalysed rearrangement into another neutral radical (dA"'H., lambda(max) equals 355 nm; k(dAH. plus OH-) equals 1.7 x 10(8)M(-1)s(-1)). p-Nitroacetophenone (PNAP) reacts rapidly with the protonated electron adducts of 2'-deoxyadenosine (k equals 5 x 10(9)M(-1)s(-1)). An electron transfer occurs with dAH to yield PNAP and a reoxidized form of 2'-deoxyadenosine. As indicated by its pK value of 8.8 the latter is not, however, simply a repaired 2'-deoxyadenosine molecule, but is suggested to include the elements of water. Species dA"'H. (and dA'H.) react with PNAP in a process which is clearly not an electron transfer but likely an addition reaction.