Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of HIV prevalence among men in militaries in low income and middle income countries

Objectives To determine whether the current HIV prevalence in militaries of low-income and middle-income countries is higher, the same, or lower than the HIV prevalence in the adult male population of those countries. Methods HIV prevalence data from low-income and middle-income countries’ military men were systematically reviewed during 2000–2012 from peer reviewed journals, clearing-house databases and the internet. Standardised data abstraction forms were used to collect information on HIV prevalence, military branch and sample size. Random effects meta-analyses were completed with the Mantel-Haenszel method comparing HIV prevalence among military populations with other men in each country. Results 2214 studies were retrieved, of which 18 studies representing nearly 150 000 military men across 11 countries and 4 regions were included. Military male HIV prevalence across the studies ranged from 0.06% (n=22 666) in India to 13.8% (n=2733) in Tanzania with a pooled prevalence of 1.1% (n=147 591). HIV prevalence in male military populations in sub-Saharan Africa was significantly higher when compared with reproductive age (15–49 years) adult men (OR: 2.8, 95% CI 1.01 to 7.81). HIV prevalence in longer-serving male military populations compared with reproductive age adult men was significantly higher (OR: 2.68, 95% CI 1.65 to 4.35). Conclusions Our data reveals that across the different settings, the burden of HIV among militaries may be higher or lower than the civilian male populations. In this study, male military populations in sub-Saharan Africa, low-income countries and longer-serving men have significantly higher HIV prevalence. Given the national security implications of the increased burden of HIV, interventions targeting military personnel in these populations should be scaled up where appropriate.
Analysis of HPV16, 18, 31, and 35 DNA in pre-invasive and invasive lesions of the uterine cervix.

AIMS: To analyse the physical state of different human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs in 55 intraepithelial and invasive HPV associated cervical neoplasms. METHODS: Restriction analysis, using a panel of five HPV type specific enzymes, was carried out for each sample; this was followed by Southern blot analysis. RESULTS: Six (25%) of 24 cervical intraepithelial neoplasms had integrated DNA of different HPV types. In contrast, integration was detected in 25 (81%) of 31 cervical carcinomas. Tumour samples revealed differences in the integration profile of HPV16 and the other HPV types. Six (26%) of 23 HPV16 associated cancers contained only episomal DNA. In contrast, all eight tumours containing HPV18, 31, or 35 revealed integrated DNA exclusively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that in advanced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, a subset of lesions can be identified in which the viral genome is integrated and there is a greater risk of malignant progression. In addition, HPV16 DNA was not present in the integrated form in 26% of tumours, suggesting that integration and subsequent inactivation of the transcriptional regulator, E2, are not essential steps for the development of HPV16 associated carcinoma. In this respect, the behaviour of HPV16 associated tumours is different from HPV18, 31, and 35 associated tumours, where the viral genome is always present in the integrated form.
Collaborative filtering methods based on user relevance degree and weights of recommend-items

The way to measure similarity among users is a key factor affecting accuracy of recommendation algorithm. A similarity measuring algorithm based on degree of correlation among users and weighting of recommended items is proposed to improve less marking aspects between users and lower prediction accuracy of traditional similarity measuring algorithms. The method can solve the non-convex problem generated by non-exclusive parameters in the objective function by introducing an adjusting parameter of similarity and alternatively optimizing the relative parameters using least squares. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in improving the accuracy of whole system and the prediction accuracy of recommendation items.
Types of "Negative Nonsense"

HE concept of Humanistic Identification (O’Connell, 1965) posits three types of Tnegative nonsense (Ellis, 1962) or rejecting overgeneralisations which lead to misery, mental illness, or problems in living. The &dquo;depth&dquo; factors, which have a distinct Adlerian tenor, are self-esteem (feelings of significance or personal worth) and social interest (empathy or understanding of others). Habitual self-lowering of feelings of worth and a narrowing of identification with others, the hallmark of the discouraged life style result in hyperdependent and/or competitive demands upon others. When such arbitrary and often unconscious impositions are frustrated, blame follows. Once blame reaches chronicity it becomes part of one’s way of finding significance. &dquo;Proof&dquo; of the &dquo;reality&dquo; of such blame is easy to discover since people are creative in finding what they unwittingly look for. In this schema then, three common objects of the negatively-overgeneralised, internalised sentence (e.g., combinations of &dquo;all
Clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in detecting Dementia of the Alzheimer type. A double cross-validation and application to a community-dwelling sample.

OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical validity of the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) in detecting patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). BACKGROUND The DRS is widely used to evaluate cognitive functioning in older adults. Adequate normative data are unavailable; studies addressing the clinical validity of the DRS are limited by small sample sizes. DESIGN AND METHODS Administered the DRS to 254 outpatients with DAT and 105 healthy elderly subjects. Performed (1) multiple regressions of demographic factors on the DRS and its subscales; (2) derivation of optimal DRS cutoff scores using receiver operating characteristic curves; (3) double cross-validation with stepwise logistic regressions; and (4) application of results to a community-dwelling sample. RESULTS Age- and education-adjusted DRS scores were computed. The optimal DRS cutoff score for DAT of 129 or less revealed a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 97%. The logistic regressions resulted in a combination of the Memory and Initiation/Perseveration subscales that correctly classified 98% of all subjects, 92% of a subsample of 76 patients with mild DAT, and 100% of the 51 patients with autopsy-confirmed DAT. The resultant equation was then applied to a community-dwelling sample (238 healthy elderly subjects and 44 patients with DAT): 91% of patients and 93% of normal subjects were correctly classified. Of an additional 77 individuals with questionable DAT, 43 were classified as demented and 34 were classified as nondemented. CONCLUSIONS The DRS is a clinically valid psychometric test for the detection of DAT. The Memory and Initiation/Perseveration subscales are its best discriminative indexes for an abbreviated version.
Seasonal Water Quality Trends in the Feitsui Reservoir Watershed, Taiwan

Protecting is the sources of drinking water is the first barrier of contamination of drinking water. The Feitsui Reservoir watershed of Taiwan supplies domestic water for around 5 million people in the Taipei metropolitan area. Understanding the spatial patterns of water quality trends in this watershed is an important agenda for management authorities. This study examined 7 sites in the watershed for water quality parameters regulated in the standard for drinking water source. The non-parametric seasonal Mann-Kendall’s test was used to determine significant trends for each parameter. Significant trends of increasing pH occurred at the sampling station in the uppermost stream watershed, and in total phosphorus at 4 sampling stations in the middle and downstream watershed. Additionally, the multi-scale land cover assessment and average land slope were used to explore the influence on the water quality in the watershed. Regression models for predicting water quality were also developed. Keywords—Seasonal Mann-Kendall’s test, Flow-adjusted concentrations, Water quality trends, Land-use
Ultra High Capacity Self-Homodyne PON With Simplified ONU and Burst-Mode Upstream

In this letter, we demonstrate a proof of concept fully loaded bidirectional ultrahigh capacity coherent passive optical network (2 × 1008 × 8.3 Gb/s). This was achieved using partial spectrum overlap, Nyquist shaping, digital frequency shifting, self-homodyne detection, and pilot tone remodulation. Upstream burst mode operation is also demonstrated.
A Weight-based Feature Extraction Approach for Text Classification

In this paper, we propose a weight-based feature extraction approach to reduce the number of features for text classification. The number of extracted features is equal to the number of document classes and the feature values are obtained according to the distributions of words over class partitions. Each word of the original word set contributes a weight to each extracted feature and a transformation matrix is formed. By using the transformation matrix, the original document set is converted to a new set with a smaller number of features. The proposed approach has two advantages. Trial-and-error for determining the appropriate number of extracted features can be avoided. Computation demand is small and the method runs fast. Experimental results obtained from real-world data sets have shown that our method can perform better than other methods.
[Ethics, bioethics and medicine].

El vasto campo que el título plantea, resulta imposible cubrirlo con propiedad en el corto espacio de un editorial. Por ello, y en concordancia con el Simposio que presentamos, comentaremos solo tres aspectos que, a nuestro juicio, requieren de mayor reflexión en el país: 1) Los conceptos de Ética y Bioética y su relación con la Medicina; 2) Su relación con la investigación científica en Medicina y 3) Su relación con la práctica profesional evidenciada en la experiencia del Colegio Médico del Perú.
A Continuous Music Keyboard Controlling Polyphonic Morphing Using Bandwidth-Enhanced Oscillators

The Continuum is a new type of polyphonic music performance device that is approximately the same size as a traditional synthesizer keyboard, but has a continuous playing surface instead of discrete keys. It tracks independent x, y, and z (pressure) position for up to 10 simultaneous notes The x, y, z position from each finger is used to control bandwidth-enhanced oscillators in a polyphonic timbre morph . Real-time synthesis is based on non-real-time timbral analyses done with Lemur.
Mining circumstance-oriented association rules using singular value decomposition technique

Association rule has evolved from the primitive form of single dimension intratransaction to the form of multi-dimension intertransaction. The challenge for mining multi-dimension intertransaction rules is the formidable search space. Researchers have proposed various methods to handle this problem, such as restricting the number of dimensions, confining search space in a small window, etc. These methods unavoidably have negative impact on mining result and they are less effective when the number of dimensions and the length of rule are really large. Moreover, all these methods are derived from the a priori algorithm and have common weaknesses: time consuming and redundancy caused by the iterative nature of the a priori algorithm. To approach this problem from a different angle, we propose to use the singular value decomposition technique (SVD). With SVD, the multi-dimension intertransaction rules can be easily identified.
The cell-of-origin dictates the genomic landscape of breast cancers

ABSTRACT Aberrant cell proliferation induced by activated oncogenes triggers oxidative stress and uncontrolled DNA replication, promoting genomic instability. We recently reported that human mammary stem cells exhibit the unique capacity to withstand an oncogenic activation by dint of an anti-oxidant program driven by the ZEB1 transcription factor. This pre-emptive program prevents the onset of chromosomal instability, leading to the development of tumors with unique pathological features.
Who are the experts? e-Scholars in the semantic web

Scholarly research is the sum of diverse activities and leads to the dissemination of a large amount of material. Traditional approaches to exploring and becoming proficient within an esoteric research field rely on slow and sometimes ineffective discourse, and depend more on a scholar's detective skill, effort, and perseverance. However, the Web has introduced the potential for improved accessibility, interconnectivity, and more efficient and effective communication; we are becoming e-Scholars. Current efforts on the Web have focussed mainly on improving the accessibility of on-line research material and as a result, researchers have yet to realise the full implications of the new medium. Consequently, the emphasis must shift to improving and enhancing access to scholarly material; this research proposes a novel approach by presenting researchers with the facility to comprehensively, extensively, and rationally explore their research field and ask intricate questions about it and the individual facts and issues raised by it. This is realised through the integration of principles from the hypertext, Semantic Web, and digital library fields to interconnect and analyse all scholarly material in the academic domain. The e-Scholar Knowledge Inference Model (ESKIMO) demonstrates the approach and provides a platform for evaluation and further research.
Intralesional injection of keloids and hypertrophic scars with the Dermo-Jet.

The use of steroids in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars has aroused considerable interest during the past few years. In 1951 Conway and Stark showed that adrenocorticotropic hormone injected into keloids relieved symptoms of pain and itching but caused no apparent improvement in the appearance of the scar. In 1963 Murray reported the use of triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of keloids. He showed significant improvement by injecting the drug into the wound margin after surgical excision or dermabrasion of the keloid. In 1966 Griffith and Ketchum and associates reported that significant relief of symptoms and improvement of the appearance of keloids resulted after the intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide.
All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide

We demonstrate efficient wavelength conversion using a four-wave-mixing (FWM) effect in a silicon photonic wire waveguide with spot size converters. Applying a continuously operated 160-mW pump, power density in the waveguide's core was increased up to around 430 MW/cm/sup 2/, and the FWM effect was remarkably enhanced. Internal conversion efficiency obtained in an experiment was -10.6 dB. The efficiency was significantly limited by the free-carrier absorption effect.
The Effect of Complications on Length of Stay

ObjectiveThe authors determined the effect of complications on length of stay (LOS) in surgical patients.SettingFrom 1987 to 1990, in the Professional General Surgical Unit of Royal Victoria Hospital, a retrospective survey was conducted on 5128 consecutively admitted patients with 396 different diagnosis; 228 different operations were examined.Main Outcome MeasuresPatient LOS during a 3-year period in a general surgical ward was analyzed from hospital activity analysis, case notes, ward audit notes, and sepsis audit notes. Readmission rates for complications in patients with a short LOS were examined. Comparison were made between LOS and age, type of surgery, and complication type. ResultsPressure on beds resulting from an increased demand on surgical care decreases patient's hospital LOS; increasing age increases LOS. In general, complications double the average LOS. The authors calculated that a surgical complication can be given a numerical ratio that directly reflects the severity of the complication and increases the patient's LOS. The ration of the infective complication corresponds with the clinical severity of the complication. However, a short LOS may lead to readmission of patients for further treatment. For patients readmitted with complications, 41% had been discharged earlier than the average LOS for their diagnosis. ConclusionLength of stay is increased by complications and can be used to implement discharge planning in general surgical patients. Furthermore, a complication of their treatment can be given a numerical ratio that corresponds to the clinical severity of the complication and the increased LOS in hospital.
RbfA, a 30S ribosomal binding factor, is a cold‐shock protein whose absence triggers the cold‐shock response

The cold‐shock response, characterized by a specific pattern of gene expression, is induced upon a downshift in temperature and in the presence of inhibitors of ribosomal function. Here, we demonstrate that RbfA of Escherichia coli, considered to be involved in ribosomal maturation and/or initiation of translation, is a cold‐shock protein. Shifting the rbfA mutant to a lower temperature resulted in a constitutive induction of the cold‐shock response accompanied by slower growth at low temperatures, while shifting the rbfA mutant that overproduces wild‐type RbfA resulted in an increase in total protein synthesis accompanied by faster growth adaptation to the lower temperature. Furthermore, the cold‐shock response was also constitutively induced in a cold‐sensitive 16S rRNA mutant at low temperatures. Accompanying the transient induction of the cold‐shock response, we also report that shifting E. coli from 37°C to 15°C resulted in a temporary inhibition of initiation of translation, as evidenced by the transient decrease in polysomes accompanied by the transient increase in 70S monosomes. The accumulative data indicate that the inducing signal for the cold‐shock response is the increase in the level of cold‐unadapted non‐translatable ribo‐somes which are converted to cold‐adapted translatable ribosomes by the association of cold‐shock proteins such as RbfA. Therefore, the expression of the cold‐shock response, and thus cellular adaptation to low temperature, is regulated at the level of translation. The data also indicate that cold‐shock proteins can be translated by ribosomes under conditions that are not translatable for most mRNAs.
Effect of High-Pressure Torsion on Structure and Microhardness of Ti/TiB Metal–Matrix Composite

Effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) at 400 °C on microstructure and microhardness of a Ti/TiB metal–matrix composite was studied. The starting material was produced by spark plasma sintering of a mixture of a pure Ti and TiB2 (10 wt %) powders at 1000 °C. The microstructure evolution during HPT was associated with an increase in dislocation density and substructure development that resulted in a gradual microstructure refinement of the Ti matrix and shortening/redistribution of TiB whiskers. After five revolutions, a nanostructure with (sub) grain size of ~30 nm was produced in Ti matrix. The microhardness increased with strain attaining the value ~520 HV after five revolutions. The contribution of different hardening mechanisms into the hardness of the Ti/TiB metal–matrix composite was quantitatively analyzed.
Rebooting Psychotherapy Research and Practice to Reduce the Burden of Mental Illness

Psychological interventions to treat mental health issues have developed remarkably in the past few decades. Yet this progress often neglects a central goal—namely, to reduce the burden of mental illness and related conditions. The need for psychological services is enormous, and only a small proportion of individuals in need actually receive treatment. Individual psychotherapy, the dominant model of treatment delivery, is not likely to be able to meet this need. Despite advances, mental health professionals are not likely to reduce the prevalence, incidence, and burden of mental illness without a major shift in intervention research and clinical practice. A portfolio of models of delivery will be needed. We illustrate various models of delivery to convey opportunities provided by technology, special settings and nontraditional service providers, self-help interventions, and the media. Decreasing the burden of mental illness also will depend on integrating prevention and treatment, developing assessment and a national database for monitoring mental illness and its burdens, considering contextual issues that influence delivery of treatment, and addressing potential tensions within the mental health professions. Finally, opportunities for multidisciplinary collaborations are discussed as key considerations for reducing the burden of mental illness.
The River Continuum Concept

From headwaters to mouth, the physical variables within a river system present a continuous gradient of physical conditions. This gradient should elicit a series of responses within the constituent populations resulting in a continuum of biotic adjustments and consistent patterns of loading, transport, utilization, and storage of organic matter along the length of a river. Based on the energy equilibrium theory of fluvial geomorphologists, we hypothesize that the structural and functional characteristics of stream communities are adapted to conform to the most probable position or mean state of the physical system. We reason that producer and consumer communities characteristic of a given river reach become established in harmony with the dynamic physical conditions of the channel. In natural stream systems, biological communities can be characterized as forming a temporal continuum of synchronized species replacements. This continuous replacement functions to distribute the utilization of energy inputs o.
Automatic discovering success factor relationship entities in articles using named entity recognition

An understanding of success factor relationships in the context of business-to-business where Inter-organizational Relationship (IORs) between organizations is crucial for effective strategic management to accomplish marketing goals. Several studies regarding those success factors and their influences have been conducted and published as articles. We apply the technique of Named Entity Recognition and find a suitable model for extracting the entities of success factors. The appropriate model needs only 60 research abstracts and the performance as high as 0.9 is achievable. Furthermore, we find that there is no significant improvement affected by applying sentence normalization.