Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women of the 1950s and the “Normative” Life Course: The Implications of Childlessness, Fertility Timing, and Marital Status for Psychological Well-Being in Late Midlife

We explore women's psychological well-being in late midlife in relation to childlessness and timing of entry into motherhood. Using two U.S. surveys, Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1992) and National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) (Sweet, Bumpass, & Call, 1988), we assess the well-being of childless women in their 50s compared to mothers with early, delayed, or normatively timed first births. We focus on the cohorts born between 1928 and 1941, who experienced strong normative pressures during the baby boom with regard to marriage and child-bearing. We find few differences among childless women but lower well-being among early mothers, related to singlehood and poorer socioeconomic status. Unmarried mothers are significantly disadvantaged regardless of maternal timing, controlling for socioeconomic status. Current maternal demands are independently related to well-being and help to explain observed differences in family satisfaction. Overall, childlessness and off-time child-bearing are related to midlife well-being through their link with more proximate factors, particularly current marital status, health, and socioeconomic status.
CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF MESSENGER RNA ENCODING AMYLOID‐BETA-PROTEIN IN NORMAL TISSUE AND IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene encodes the short peptide fragment amyloid-beta-protein present in senile plaque cores, cerebrovascular amyloid, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease (AD). Using in situ hybridization with biotin-labeled RNA probes, we found distinctive patterns of APP gene expression in different regions of postmortem human brain. Strong hybridization signal for APP messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected in specific classes of neurons, fascicular oligodendroglia, satellite glia, and presumptive microglia. Weaker signal was seen in other neuronal classes, fascicular astrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, but no signal was seen in protoplasmic astrocytes. Human thymus also shows a restricted pattern of hybridization with high signal in reticular epithelial cells, and much lower signal in lymphocytes. In AD patients, neuronal hybridization for APP mRNA was specifically increased in hippocampus, but not cerebellar and visual cortex when compared to hybridization for neuron-specific enolase mRNA. Most neurons with neurofibrillary tangles had strong APP mRNA signal. These results suggest that APP gene expression is highly regulated in normal tissue, that many different cell classes in brain express the APP gene, and that neuronal expression may increase specifically in brain regions where widespread injury occurs in AD. Amyloid deposits in brains of AD patients might be explained by local production of precursor protein in endothelial cells, neurons or glia.
Daydreaming Patterns of American Subcultural Groups

IN the course of an exploration of the role of daydreaming in personality organization it has become increasingly clear that a major area requiring study is that of the impact of diverse subcultural origins on the development and utilization of oonscious fantasy in adults. (13) A series of investigations (11) suggest that daydreaming is best regarded not so much as a defence process(2) but as a dimension of human skill along which most people vary as a function of constitutional capacities and particular environmental circumstances that have fostered or hindered practice in this area. It seems likely that a confluence of particular factors within the family constellation may lead the child to greater practice of fantasy play or imagination generally. There is, for example, some evidence that first-born or only children show greater development of certain fantasy-play characteristics (e.g. imaginary companions) than do children otherwise placed in the family. ~3~ Within a given family constellation the relative influence of the father or mother on the child’s identification and mimetic
Slow recovery of human brain MAO B after L‐Deprenyl (Selegeline) withdrawal

L‐Deprenyl (Selegeline) is an enzyme‐activated irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B; EC 1.4.3.4). It is used to treat Parkinson's disease at a dose of 5 mg twice a day. Since enzyme inhibition is irreversible, the recovery of functional enzyme activity after withdrawal from L‐deprenyl requires the synthesis of new enzyme. We have measured a 40 day half‐time for brain MAO B synthesis in Parkinson's disease and in normal subjects after withdrawal from L‐deprenyl. This is the first measurement of the synthesis rate of a specific protein in the living human brain. L‐Deprenyl is currently used by 50,000 patients with Parkinson's disease in the United States and its use is expected to increase with reports that it may be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease. The slow turnover of brain MAO B suggests that the current clinical dose of L‐deprenyl may be excessive and that the clinical efficacy of reduced dosing should be evaluated. Such an evaluation may have mechanistic importance as well as an impact on reducing the side effects and the costs arising from excessive drug use. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Acquisition of volume regulatory response of sperm upon maturation in the epididymis and the role of the cytoplasmic droplet

In certain cases of infertility in domestic species, and in the homozygous c‐ros tyrosine kinase knockout mouse, males are infertile as a result of unopposed sperm swelling. This induces flagellar angulation, preventing their normal migration in the female tract. Angulation always occurs at the site of the cytoplasmic droplet located in mature sperm at the annulus (midpiece – principal piece junction). This article reviews the literature on the fate of the sperm's cytoplasmic droplet and suggests a role for it in volume regulation. A hypothesis is presented that during epididymal transit sperm acquire osmolytes accumulated by the epididymal epithelium. This is possibly driven by a mechanism of regulatory volume increase invoked by the hypertonicity of epididymal luminal fluid. These osmolytes are subsequently used for regulatory volume decrease after ejaculation into the relatively hypotonic female tract. Study of the mechanisms of sperm volume regulation may highlight new contraceptive leads. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:28–38, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of Serum Anti-p53 Antibodies from Patients with Ovarian Cancer in China: Correlation to Clinical Parameters

Background: Ovarian cancer has been one of the most common malignant tumor among women in China. The aims of this research were to increase the detection efficiency of anti-p53 antibodies in the sera from patients with ovarian cancer and to assist the diagnosis for patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: The hybrid phage displaying the immunodominant epitope SQAMDDLMLS in p53 N-terminal region was constructed and the fusion protein was prepared and purified. Ninety-two nonselected Chinese women with ovarian cancer were involved in this study. Tumor p53 overexpression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections. Serum antibodies to p53 were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant human wild-type p53 protein and the hybrid phage as the coating antigen respectively. Furthermore, the correlations between the anti-p53 antibodies and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of anti-p53 antibodies in the patients with ovarian cancer was increased (39.1%, 36/92) through the combination of the two ELISA methods compared with each method. The anti-p53 antibodies were not associated with the clinicopathologic parameters, while there was a significant correlation between the presence of p53 Abs and tissue overexpression of p53 in ovarian cancer. Conclusion: These preliminary results demonstrate that the combination of the two ELISA methods increased the positive rate of anti-p53 antibodies in patients with ovarian cancer and provided a useful marker to complement routine clinical diagnosis for patients with ovarian cancer.
Transfer of Two Burkholderia and An Alcaligenes Species to Ralstonia Gen. Nov.

Based on the results of phenotypic characterization, cellular lipid and fatty acid analysis, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences and rRNA‐DNA hybridization, Burkholderia pickettii, Burkholderia solanacearum and Alcaligenes eutrophus are transferred to the new genus Ralstonia, and Ralstonia pickettii (Ralston, Palleroni and Doudoroff 1973) comb. nov., Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) comb, nov., and R. eutropha (Davis 1969) comb. nov. are proposed. The type species of the new genus is R. pickettii. Type strain of R. pickettii is ATCC 27511T, of R. solanacearum is ATCC 10696T, and of R. eutropha is ATCC 17697T.
Mixed-resonance compact in-line pseudo-elliptic filters

The paper presents a new class of compact in-line pseudo-elliptic filters which are based on combining waveguide cavities and resonant irises. Two different configurations, which allow precise control of the direct couplings between the different resonator types, are introduced. Two different 3-pole filters have been designed to demonstrate the feasibility of the principle. The first filter combines a resonant iris and two TE/sub 101/ mode cavities while the second one utilizes two TM/sub 110/ mode cavities and one resonant iris. The latter has been realized and its response measured. Excellent agreement between computed and measured responses is achieved.
Caregiver attribution and resentment in dementia care

The caregivers of 37 patients with a dementing illness completed rating scales regarding the frequency and severity of their care recipient's general behavioral disturbance and manipulative behaviors, as well as their own resentment and depression. Caregivers were randomized to a four-week psychoeducational group intervention or control group to investigate the effect of dementia caregiving education on the caregiving experience. Findings indicated that, while care recipient behavioral disturbance was correlated with caregiver resentment and depression, the primary relationship was between behaviors perceived by the caregiver as manipulative or willful and caregiver resentment and depression. We found no significant differences in caregiver attribution, resentment, or depression between the caregivers who participated in the group session and those in the control group. The study supports the existence of resentment among dementia caregivers, and an important relationship between caregiving outcomes and attributions made by caregivers regarding their care recipients' actions. These results are discussed in relation to existing research on caregiver distress and intervention.
Signal‐to‐noise in phase angle reconstruction: Dynamic range extension using phase reference offsets

The dynamic range of phase‐reconstructed magnetic resonance images is compared to that of magnitude‐reconstructed images. From analysis of propagation of errors, the phase angle noise is phase‐independent and given in radians by σ (|I|)/|I|, the noise‐to‐signal ratio of the corresponding magnitude‐reconstructed image. As the phase can range from minus π to π the phase angle dynamic range is 2π times that of the signal magnitude. These results agree with experiment, verifying that the noise in the two receiver channels is uncorrelated. An artifact‐free technique is presented for correcting phase spillover, which further extends the phase angle dynamic range. The reconstruction‐based reference phase is adjusted on a local basis so that the boundary of phase wraparound is reconstructed near the center of the [ − π, π] interval. For a particular flow study, the phase signal‐to‐noise was extended over twofold by spillover correction, to a value 15 times that of the magnitude signal‐to‐noise. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
The Mayo Lung Cohort: a regression analysis focusing on lung cancer incidence and mortality.

PURPOSE The Mayo Lung Project has been interpreted as negative because it failed to demonstrate a significant mortality reduction among those randomized to chest x-ray and cytology. In contrast, survival suggests that screening is highly effective. This report was undertaken to analyze the trial as a closed cohort study, in an effort to identify predictors of lung cancer incidence and mortality, and to determine whether survival or mortality was unbiased. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Mayo Lung Cohort comprised all 9,192 randomized individuals. Cox proportional hazards regression was used both to determine predictors of incidence and mortality in the population and to identify predictors of mortality among cases. Survival analyses using intent-to-treat principles and measuring survival from randomization were used to evaluate length bias and lead-time bias. Multivariate Cox regression was used to investigate the extent to which the data are consistent with overdiagnosis. RESULTS Cox regression demonstrates that, in addition to age and smoking, randomization to screening predicted increased lung cancer incidence (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.60). Predictors of mortality were similar, except randomization to screening was not significant (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.37). Among cases, survival was significantly superior in the experimental population. Higher incidence in the experimental group accounts for the mortality/survival discrepancy. Both lead-time and length biases can be excluded, because survival from randomization was superior in the experimental population. Overdiagnosis is eliminated because resection was the only significant multivariate predictor of survival. Overall, 50% of resected and 0% of unresected cases were cured. CONCLUSION Survival was superior in the screened population, and this advantage was not attributable to lead-time bias, length bias, or overdiagnosis bias. Mortality was biased, because incidence differences confounded the ability of mortality to reflect the true effect of screening. Indeed, survival provided an unbiased surrogate for cure in the Mayo Lung Cohort.
Proliferation of functional human natural killer cells with anti‐HIV‐1 activity in NOD/SCID/Jak3null mice

Natural killer cells, a critical component of the innate immune system, eradicate both virus‐infected cells and tumor cells through cytotoxicity and secretion of cytokines. Human NK cell research has largely been based on in vitro studies because of the lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, a selective proliferation model of functional human NK cells was established in NOD/SCID/Jak3null (NOJ) mice transplanted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and K562 cells. The antiviral effects of NK cells were evaluated by challenging this mouse model with HIV‐1. The percentage of intracellular p24+ T cells and the amount of plasma p24 was decreased compared with NOJ mice transplanted with PBMC. Our findings indicate that NK cells have an anti‐HIV‐1 effect through direct cytotoxicity against HIV‐1‐infected cells. These mice provide an important model for evaluating human NK function against human infectious diseases such as HIV‐1 and malignancies.
Site-Specific Seismic Analyses Procedures for Framed Buildings for Scenario Earthquakes Including the Effect of Depth of Soil Stratum

The importance of the effect of sediments above bedrock in modifying the strong ground motion has been long recognized (Boore, 2004; Boore & Joyner, 1997; Idriss & Seed, 1970; Seed & Idriss, 1969; Lam et al., 2001; Govindarajulu et al., 2004; Tezcan et al., 2002; Bakir et al., 2005; Kamatchi et al., 2007) in literature. The nature of soil that changes the amplitude and frequency content has a major influence on damaging effects of earthquake. To account for these effects, most of the seismic codes, for example the Indian code (IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002) has defined response spectra for three types of soil viz., hard soil, medium soil and soft soil. As an improvement over this approach, amplification factors based on empirical and theoretical data (Borcherdt, 1994) have been introduced in International Building Codes (IBC, 2009; ASCE 7 2005) for site classes A to E for the short period range and long period range based on the average shear wave velocity of top 30 m soil stratum. For site class F (soft soil) it has been recommended that site-specific analysis need to be carried out. However, Sun et al. (2005) showed that the site coefficients specified in IBC 2000 (IBC 2000) are not valid for Korean Peninsula due to the large difference in the depth of bedrock and the soil stiffness profile. Further, building codes are highly simplified tools and do not adequately represent any single earthquake event from a probable source for the site under consideration. Recently, it is being suggested (Heuze et al., 2004 ) that in addition to use of seismic code provisions, site-specific analysis which includes generation of strong ground motion at bedrock level and propagating it through soil layers (Heuze et al., 2004; Mammo 2005; Balendra et al., 2002) and arriving at the design ground motions and response spectra at surface should also be carried out. In this chapter the procedure to carry out site-specific seismic analysis of framed buildings is illustrated with examples for Delhi city. Rock outcrop motions are generated for the scenario earthquakes of magnitude, Mw = 7.5, Mw = 8.0 and Mw = 8.5. Three actual soil sites of Delhi have been modeled and the free field surface motions and the response spectra are obtained. It has been observed that the PGA amplifications and the response spectra of the three sites are quite different for the earthquakes considered. The same has reflected in considerable
Jammer impact on Galileo and GPS receivers

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are vulnerable to several threats including jamming and spoofing. Jamming is the deliberate transmission of powerful Radio-Frequency (RF) signals which can easily overpower the much weaker GNSS components disturbing and, in some cases, denying GNSS operations. In recent years an increasing number of cheap, though illegal, jammers have become commercially available. In this paper, the impact of these jammers on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo L1/E1 signal reception is investigated. It is shown that the signals of each system are affected in similar ways and this is due to the wide-band nature of the jamming signals. Narrow-band receivers are less impacted by jamming since they are able to filter out a greater portion of the interfering signal. Interestingly, the presence of a pure pilot channel in the Galileo E1 modulation allows receivers to use a pure Phase Lock Loop (PLL) which in turn allows signal reception in the presence of stronger jamming signals with respect to the GPS L1 C/A case.
Effect of elevated concentration of alkaline phosphatase on cardiac troponin I assays

Troponin I is the regulatory subunit of troponin complex associated with the actin thin filament within muscle cells. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a good marker for diagnosis of myocardial damage. Several immunoassays are available for determination of cTnI in serum. The Stratus cTnI fluorometric enzyme immunoassay (Dade International) uses alkaline phosphatase (ALP) substrate. The microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) for cTnI (Abbott Laboratories) also uses ALP conjugate. On the other hand, the chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) for cTnI (Bayer Diagnostics) does not use ALP. ALP activity may frequently be elevated in serum of patients being evaluated for suspected myocardial infarction. Therefore, we studied the potential interference of ALP in cTnI assays. Serum pools were prepared from patients, and various concentrations of ALP solution were added to different aliquots. The cTnI concentrations were measured by the Stratus, MEIA, and CLIA assays. We observed no interference of ALP in the MEIA and CLIA assay for cTnI. On the other hand, we observed significant positive interference of ALP when cTnI concentrations were measured using the Stratus. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:175–177, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scoring Systems for the Functional Assessment of Patients With Rotator Cuff Pathology

Ideally, an outcome instrument measures phenomena that are directly relevant to the patient and provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of a condition on the patient's daily life. During the past decades, several rating scales have been developed to assess the functional status of patients with shoulder pain. Several scoring systems are currently available for the evaluation of patients with rotator cuff pathology. Each of them evaluates shoulder function using specific variables. The main features of these scoring systems are presented in this review. Although many scoring systems are commonly used to evaluate shoulder function, we are still far from a single outcome evaluation system, which is reliable, valid, and sensitive to clinically relevant changes, takes into account both patient's and physician's perspective, and is short and practical to use.
Epidural analgesia for elective Caesarean section

A technique is described of epidural anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section which has a 98% success rate, and an acceptably low incidence of intra‐operative pain. The essentials of the technique are to produce and maintain complete sensory block front S5 to T6, employing a two‐stage injection of bupivacaine 0–5% (mean dose 23 ml) and the use of gravity to ensure sacral block. Despite the use of pre‐operative fluid loading and avoidance of caval occlusion, transitory hypotension occurred in 16% of patients. Vomiting, which occurred in 18% of patients, is a minor but distressing complication.
Catastrophe, Revitalization and Religious Change on the Prehispanic North Coast of Peru

Although archaeologists have become increasingly interested in disaster, collapse and regeneration, there has been insufficient attention paid to the social and psychological impact of disasters. Disasters can stimulate far-reaching religious changes. This article is a case study of the fall of the Middle Sicán polity of northern Peru (ad 900–1100) that draws on both archaeology and oral tradition. Middle Sicán cosmology was centred on the Sicán Deity, which did not survive the polity's collapse. The god's demise and the revitalization movement that followed the Middle Sicán can only be understood by considering both how many of the people of the region conceptualized their world and the disasters that occurred.
Sleep and sleep disorders in menopausal women

ABSTRACT Sleep disorders in the menopause are common. Although these disorders may be due to the menopause itself and/or the associated vasomotor symptoms, the etiology is multifactorial and includes a number of other associated conditions. They may simply arise as part of the aging process and not be specifically related to the decrease in estrogen levels or, alternatively, because of breathing or limb movement syndromes, depression, anxiety, co-morbid medical diseases, medication, pain and/or psychosocial factors. The most commonly encountered sleep disorders in menopausal women include insomnia, nocturnal breathing disturbances and the associated sleep disorders that accompany the restless leg syndrome, periodic leg movement syndrome, depression and anxiety. This review article addresses sleep and the sleep disorders associated with menopause and briefly the role that hormone therapy may play in alleviating these disorders.