Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apical Electrogenic NaHCO Cotransport A Mechanism for HC 03 Absorption across the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Intracellular microelectrode techniques and intraceUular pH (pHi) measurements using the fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) were employed to characterize an electrogenic bicarbonate transport mechanism at the apical membrane of the frog retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Reductions in apical concentrations of both [HCOs]o (at constant Pco2 or pHo) or [Na]o caused rapid depolarization of the apical membrane potential (V~). Both of these voltage responses were inhibited when the concentration of the other ion was reduced or when 1 mM diisothiocyano-2-2 disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) was present in the apical bath. Reductions in apical [HCOs]o or [Na]o also produced a rapid acidification of the cell interior that was inhibited by apical DIDS. Elevating pHi at constant Pco~ (and consequently [HCO3]I) by the addition of apical NH4 (20 mM) produced an immediate depolarization of V,r This response was much smaller when either apical [HCO3]o or [Na]o was reduced or when DIDS was added apically. These results strongly suggest the presence of an electrogenic NaHCO3 contransporter at the apical membrane. Apical DIDS rapidly depolarized Vap by 2-3 mV and decreased pHi (and [HCOs]i), indicating that the transporter moves NaHCOs and net negative charge into the cell. The voltage dependence of the transporter was assessed by altering V~ with transepithelial current and then measuring the DIDS-induced change in V~. Depolarization of V~ increased the magnitude of the DIDS-induced depolarization, whereas hyperpolarization decreased it. Hyperpolarizing Vap beyond 1 1 4 mV caused the DIDSinduced voltage change to reverse direction. Based on this reversal potential, we calculate that the stoichiometry of the transporter is 1.6-2.4 (HCO3/Na). I N T R O D U C T I O N The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells that forms an important part o f the b lood-re t ina barr ier and provides the major t ransport pathway Address reprint requests to Dr. Sheldon S. Miller, 360 Minor Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Dr. Hughes' present address is Department of Physiology, S-762, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143. J. GEN. PHYSIOL. ~ The Rockefeller University Press 9 0022-1295/89/07/0125/26 $2.00 Volume 94 July 1989 125-150 125 on M ay 9, 2017 D ow nladed fom Published July 1, 1989
Sequence Of Development Of Postural Reactions By Infants With Down Syndrome

The sequential development of postural reactions was examined in 20 infants with Down syndrome aged two to 24 months, and was compared to the sequence for non‐handicapped infants. Protective reactions appeared relatively earlier in the sequential pattern for infants with Down syndrome than for non‐handicapped infants. The study documents dissimilar sequences of postural reaction development for the two infant groups. The data suggest that both the delay and the dissimilar sequence of postural reactions should be considered when evaluating the motor development and movement quality of infants with Down syndrome.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA FRENTE A RESILIÊNCIA E O IDOSO

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as contribuicoes e relacao da atividade fisica frente a resiliencia em idosos. Realizou-se uma revisao de literatura, com consulta em bases de dados, as quais forneceram informacoes sobre o assunto pesquisado. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, de cunho bibliografico. Na perspectiva da psicologia do envelhecimento, a resiliencia surgiu do enfoque dado ao envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Enquanto movimento teorico, o envelhecimento bem-sucedido (ROWE; KAHN, 1997), tambem chamado de envelhecimento saudavel, e visto no campo conceitual e empirico, como multidimensional, o qual abrange tres areas distintas: prevencao de doencas e incapacidades, a manutencao da funcao fisica e cognitiva elevada e engajamento em atividades sociais e produtivas. Para cada uma dessas areas ha um numero de variaveis, as quais dizem respeito tanto a reducao do risco de eventos adversos e o aumento da resiliencia em sua presenca. Muitos dos indicadores de risco e, de ambos os niveis funcionais de atividade, parecem ser potencialmente modificaveis, quer pelos individuos ou por mudancas no seu ambiente. Desse modo, constatou-se uma diversidade de conceitos referentes a resiliencia, do mesmo modo que embora a atividade fisica contribua nos aspectos psicologicos, ainda tornam-se necessarios novos estudos que busquem investigar seu papel frente a resiliencia, na possibilidade de auxiliar o idoso na adaptacao ao estresse favorecendo um envelhecimento bem-sucedido.
Emergency Dispatcher Stroke Recognition: Associations with Downstream Care

Abstract Objective: As the first point of contact for patients activating emergency medical services (EMS), emergency dispatchers have the earliest opportunity to recognize stroke. We sought to quantify dispatcher stroke recognition and its relationships with EMS stroke recognition and response speed. Methods: We assembled a cohort of consecutive EMS-transported patients with a dispatcher suspected stroke or a hospital discharge diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Dispatcher sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for stroke recognition were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of dispatcher recognition and relationships between dispatcher recognition and downstream care. Results: During a 12-month period, 601 patients met inclusion criteria. Dispatchers suspected stroke in 229/324 (sensitivity = 70.7% [65.5 to 75.4%]) confirmed stroke/TIA cases and correctly assigned a suspected stroke label in 229/506 cases (PPV = 45.3% [41.0 to 49.6%]). Dispatchers had higher odds of recognizing ischemic strokes (aOR 3.4 [1.4 to 8.5]) and lower odds of recognizing patients with visual deficits (aOR = 0.4 [0.2 to 0.9]) or vomiting (aOR = 0.3 [0.1 to 0.9]). Dispatcher suspected stroke cases received more on-scene stroke screens (79.0% vs. 54.7%, p < 0.0001) and were more often recognized by EMS as strokes (77.7% vs. 57.9%, p = 0.0005). Dispatcher recognition was independently associated with EMS stroke recognition (aOR = 3.8 [1.9 to 7.7]), but not with transportation times, door-to-CT times, or t-PA delivery. Conclusions: Emergency dispatcher stroke recognition is associated with higher rates of on-scene stroke scale performance and EMS ischemic stroke recognition but not with reduced transport times, door-to-CT times, or t-PA treatment.
Measurement invariance of discipline in different cultural contexts

The measurement invariance of mother-reported use of 18 discipline strategies was examined in samples from 13 different ethnic/cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Participants included approximately 100–120 mothers and their children aged seven to 10 years from each group. The results of exploratory factor analyses and multi-group categorical confirmatory factor analyses (MCCFA) indicated that a seven-factor solution was feasible across the cultural groups, as shown by marginally sufficient evidence for configural and metric invariance for the mother-reported frequency on the discipline interview. This study makes a contribution on measurement invariance to the parenting literature, and establishes the mother-report aspect of the discipline interview as an instrument for use in further cross-cultural research on discipline.
Estimation et analyse des intervalles cardiaques

Dans ces travaux, nous nous interessons a l'estimation et l'etude des intervalles cardiaques. L'objectif principal de cette these est donc de developper de nouveaux outils d'estimation de ces intervalles. Plus precisement, nous souhaitons concevoir de nouvelles techniques de traitement du signal pour extraire des ECG les intervalles P-R, qui sont tres peu etudies dans la litterature de part la difficulte d'extraire les ondes P, et dans un second temps les intervalles Q-T. Inspires de la methode iterative de Woody (1967) basee sur une technique de correlation de chaque observation avec une moyenne des signaux realignes, nous proposons tout d'abord un perfectionnement de cette methode. En effet, a partir du meme modele d'observations, nous developpons le critere de maximum de vraisemblance et nous obtenons une amelioration de la methode de Woody au sens de l'optimalite. Le modele d'observations de cette methode est ensuite enrichi par une onde potentiellement parasite additionnee au bruit, et une generalisation de la methode de Woody est proposee. En prenant l'exemple de l'onde T de l'ECG qui se superpose a l'onde P du battement suivant lorsque la frequence cardiaque est elevee, differents modeles de l'onde T sont proposes. Grâce a ces deux methodes proposees, les objectifs d'estimer et d'analyser les intervalles cardiaques, tels que les intervalles R-R, Q-T et P-R, sont atteints. Plus precisement, grâce a la generalisation de Woody, l'estimation des intervalles P-R a l'exercice est realisable. L'application de ces methodes aux enregistrements reels de differents types d'ECG (repos, exercice, fibrillation auriculaire,.), nous a revele de nouveaux resultats concernant l'evolution des intervalles cardiaques, comme par exemple : l'existence d'un phenomene d'hysteresis en sens horaire dans la relation P-R/R-R, et une caracterisation possible des sujets en fonction de leur niveau d'entrainement a l'aide de la pente des intervalles P-R au debut de la phase de recuperation. Une modelisation de la reponse du Q-T a un changement de la periode cardiaque a egalement ete proposee s'inspirant du comportement electrique cellulaire.
Image Processing and Display Systems for the CSIRO Air Cargo Scanner

The Fast Neutron/Gamma-ray Radiography (FNGR) technique developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) provides a new way to screen consolidated air freight for contraband such as illicit drugs and explosives. The combination of density and composition information from the FNGR technique improves discrimination of suspect materials. A full-scale prototype FNGR air cargo scanner has been installed at Brisbane International Airport and is undergoing extensive trials by Australian Customs. In this paper, the technical challenges in developing image processing and display systems for the FNGR scanner are discussed. Image processing techniques have been developed that combine physically motivated corrections and preprocessing steps with modern, non-linear filter techniques. The design of the image display and analysis software is driven by the short time available to study each scanned image, necessitating a powerful, clean, and easy-to-use interface. The CSIRO Air Cargo Scanner is a very promising new technology for bulk cargo screening.
Mts1 protein expression in the central nervous system after injury

We recently showed that Mts1 is expressed in white matter astrocytes in the rat brain and spinal cord from the first postnatal day. Its expression level declined in the adult CNS, but its topographical localization was maintained. Only white matter astrocytes in the cerebellum did not express Mts1. After dorsal root or sciatic nerve injury, we observed a marked upregulation of Mts1 in the area of the dorsal funiculus undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Here we show that upregulation of Mts1 is a consistent feature of astrocytes in white matter undergoing Wallerian degeneration. In addition, Mts1 is upregulated in astrocytes outlining the lesion site of a penetrating injury to the forebrain, or cerebellum. Gray matter astrocytes did not express Mts1, even after direct injury. In injured brain, we consistently noted a close relationship between Mts1‐expressing astrocytes and ED1‐positive microglia/macrophages, which are known to be highly motile cells. Mts1 was expressed in the periventricular area and the rostral migratory stream, i.e., sites of ongoing neuroplasticity in adulthood, and was upregulated in these areas after injury. These data suggest that Mts1‐expressing astrocytes play a significant role in degenerative events in the mature white matter, interact with phagocytic microglia/macrophages and regulate cell migration and differentiation in areas of the adult brain with a high degree of plasticity. GLIA 37:337–348, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of Melting Curve Analysis for Screening the Most Prevalent Mutations in Topoisomerase Genes from Streptococcus pneumoniae

In a recently published article, Fukushima et al. ([3][1]) described a novel PCR-melting curve analysis (PCR-MCA) method for rapid screening of the most prevalent point mutations related to fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae . In their study, they included 22 levofloxacin (LVX)-
Cluster randomized controlled trials in primary care: An introduction

Background: Cluster randomized trials occur when groups or clusters of individuals, rather than the individuals themselves, are randomized to intervention and control groups and outcomes are measured on individuals within those clusters. Within primary care, between 1997 and 2000, there has been a virtual doubling in the number of published cluster randomized trials. A recent systematic review, specifically within primary care, found study quality to be both generally lower than that reported elsewhere and not to have shown any recent quality improvement. Objective: To discuss the design, conduct and analysis of cluster randomized trials within primary care in terms of the appropriate expertise required, potential bias, ethical considerations and expense. Discussion: Compared with trials that involve the randomization of individual participants, cluster randomized trials are more complex to design and analyse and, for a given sample size, have decreased power and a broadening of confidence intervals. Cluster randomized trials are specifically prone to potential bias at two levels—the cluster and individual. Regarding the former, it is recommended that cluster allocation be undertaken by a party independent to the research team and careful consideration be given to ensure minimal cluster attrition. Bias at the individual level can be overcome by identifying trial participants before randomization and at this time obtaining consent for intervention, data collection or both. A unique ethical aspect to cluster randomized trials is that cluster leaders may consent to the trial on behalf of potential cluster members. Additional costs of cluster randomized trials include the increased number of patients required, the complexity in their design and conduct and, usually, the need to recruit clusters de novo. Conclusion: Cluster randomized trials are a powerful and increasingly popular research tool. They are uniquely placed for the conduct of research within primary-care clusters where intracluster contamination can occur. Associated methodological issues are straightforward and surmountable and just need careful consideration and management.
Arterial stiffness and progression to hypertension in Japanese male subjects with high normal blood pressure

Objectives This observational study was conducted to compare the significance of the relationship between arterial stiffness and progression to higher blood pressure categories among middle-aged Japanese men with high normal blood pressure (HNP), normal blood pressure (NRP) and optimal blood pressure (OPP). Methods and results During the 3-year observational period, 100 subjects with HNP developed hypertension (n = 475; 42 ± 9 years), and 175 of those with normal NRP (n = 581; 41 ± 8 years) and 249 of those with OPP (n = 702; 39 ± 8 years) showed progression to higher blood pressure categories. A binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for known risk factors revealed that values of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, in the highest quartile, as compared with those in the lowest quartile, obtained at the start of the study were significantly predictive of the progression to hypertension [adjusted odds ratio = 9.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.0–29.8), P < 0.01]. The predictive value of this parameter for progression to higher blood pressure categories in subjects with HNP was more significant than that in those with NRP or OPP. Conclusions Increased arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure may be mutually causally related, and it appears that the significance of this relationship may increase with increasing blood pressure, even in subjects without hypertension. Assessment of arterial stiffness may be more reliable for predicting the progression to hypertension in cases of HNP than in cases with NRP or OPP.
Ranking State-of-the-art Papers via Incomplete Tournaments Induced by Citations from Performance Tables

How can we find state-of-the-art papers for a given task? Is it possible to automatically maintain leaderboards in the form of partial orders between papers, based on performance on standard benchmarks? Can we detect potential anomalies in papers where some metrics improve but others degrade? Is citation count of any use in early detection of top-performing papers? Here we answer these questions, while describing our experience building a new bibliometric system that robustly mines experimental performance from papers. We propose a novel performance tournament graph with papers as nodes, where edges encode noisy performance comparison information extracted from papers. These extractions resemble (noisy) outcomes of matches in an incomplete tournament. Had they been complete and perfectly reliable, compiling a ranking would have been trivial. In the face of noisy extractions, we propose several approaches to rank papers, identify the best of them, and show that commercial academic search systems fail miserably at finding state-of-the-art papers. Contradicting faith in a steady march of science, we find widespread existence of cycles in the performance tournament, which expose potential anomalies and reproducibility issues. Using widely-used lists of state-of-the-art papers in 27 areas of Computer Science, we demonstrate that our system can effectively build reliable rankings. Our code and data sets will be placed in the public domain.
[Association of T lymphocyte subsets and allergens with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection complicated by wheezing in infants and young children].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets and allergen screening results in infants and young children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection complicated by wheezing. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of peripheral blood T cell subsets in 354 infants and young children with MP infection complicated by wheezing (MP wheezing group), 336 infants and young children with MP infection but without wheezing (MP non-wheezing group), and 277 children with recurrent wheezing (recurrent wheezing group). Allergen screening was also performed for these children. RESULTS Both the MP wheezing group and recurrent wheezing group had significantly lower percentages of CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes than the MP non-wheezing group (p<0.05). The MP groups with or without wheezing had a significantly higher percentage of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes than the recurrent wheezing group (p<0.05). Both the MP wheezing group and recurrent wheezing group had significantly higher percentages of CD3-CD19+ and CD19+CD23+ lymphocytes than the MP non-wheezing group (p<0.05), and the recurrent wheezing group had the highest percentages (p<0.05). The overall positive rate of food allergens was significantly higher than that of inhaled allergens (30.3% vs 14.7%; p<0.05). The positive rates of food and inhaled allergens in the recurrent wheezing group and MP wheezing group were significantly higher than in the MP non-wheezing group (p<0.05), and the recurrent wheezing group had the highest rates. CONCLUSIONS Imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets and allergic constitution play important roles in the pathogenesis of MP infection complicated by wheezing in infants and young children.
Bacterial endocarditis associated with a permanent transvenous cardiac pacemaker.

To our knowledge, the first case of acute bacterial endocarditis in a patient with a permanent pervenous cardiac pacemaker occurred on the mural endocardium of the right atrium along the course of the pacemaker catheter. It is suggested that bacteremia, probably originating from a sacral decubitus ulcer, resulted in implantation of organisms on the damaged atrial endocardium with subsequent septic embolization.
Study of group-learning support based on keyword-map structural modeling

e-Learning is able to realize effective education by low cost, it also has problem it is difficult to know for teacher situation of learners. As a related idea, the concept map has been presented in pedagogical literature, and it can more easily and rapidly represent a part of learner's understanding without written and oral examination. In the authors' research, they have studied supporting individual learning based on modeling "keyword-map" that is a kind of "concept map", and especially focuses on transitive relation among keywords. They call such modeling KMSM (keyword map structural modeling). In this paper, they propose and consider applying KMSM to group learning.
Loi de puissance et caractérisation des réseaux dynamiques

Caracteriser la dynamique et l'evolution au cours du temps d'un reseau sans fil multi sauts (reseaux ad hoc, reseaux de senseurs) apparait comme un probleme important car cela doit permettre de comprendre, de modeliser et de developper des algorithmes et des protocoles adaptes. A partir des traces experimentales collectees lors de la conference Infocom 2005 [1], nous proposons une analyse plus avancee de la structure evolutive de ce genre de reseaux. Plus precisement, nous montrons que la seule caracterisation au travers d'une loi de puissance des contacts et inter-contacts entre individus/noeuds n'est pas suffisante pour capturer et rendre l'evolution du reseau. A partir d'une analyse combinant trois approches [2] qui se revelent tres complementaires (theorie des graphes, processus aleatoires et fouille de donnees), nous proposons un modele simple mettant en evidence la complexite de la structure evolutive.
Pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of women with a preconception body mass index >50 kg/m2

We describe characteristics and risk factors regarding pregnancy outcome in women with a preconception body mass index (BMI) >50 kg/m2 compared with women with BMI ≤50 kg/m2 in a retrospective population cohort study in singleton pregnancies from the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Results were analyzed as relative risks by a two‐proportion z‐test. Women with preconception BMI >50 kg/m2 smoked, developed gestational diabetes and pre‐eclampsia, and needed induction of labor more frequently than mothers with BMI ≤50 kg/m2. Examination of the case records showed that many attempted vaginal delivery without epidural analgesia, 21% needed an emergency cesarean section (compared with 12% among women with BMI ≤50 kg/m2), and 25% underwent general anesthesia in this context. Many neonates were macrosomic and 34% needed neonatal intensive care and early feeding compared with 6% of neonates from women with BMI ≤50 kg/m2. Women with an extremely high preconception BMI develop more pregnancy complications and their neonates appear affected by this as well.