Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetics and resistance / Génétique et résistance Genetic variation and identification of molecular markers associated with partial resistance to Phoma macdonaldii in gamma-irradiation-induced mutants of sunflower

A study was undertaken to evaluate the genetic variability among gamma-irradiation-induced sunflower mutants for partial resistance to phoma black stem, caused by Phoma macdonaldii, and to identify putative molecular markers associated with partial resistance. A population of 60 mutant lines and the original line AS613 were evaluated with an aggressive French isolate of P. macdonaldii (MP6) under controlled conditions. Mutants with partial resistance to phoma black stem were identified. Variance in partial resistance and molecular markers, generated with 17 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations, were estimated. Genetic analysis revealed that partial resistance in the mutant line M6-54-1 was controlled by recessive gene(s). The F1 hybrid (developed by crossing M654-1 with a susceptible inbred ENSAT-B4) was, however, significantly less susceptible than the susceptible parent, indicating that the difference between the F1 hybrid and its parents in reaction to phoma black stem cannot be fully explained by the recessive gene model. Dominance between alleles (epistasis) caused reduced susceptibility in the F1 progeny, which were also clearly reflected in distributions of phenotypic reactions of F2 and backcross seedlings. Generation mean analysis confirmed that epistatic effects contributed significantly to genetic variation in phoma black stem resistance in M6-54-1. Using multiple regression analysis, eight AFLP markers associated with partial resistance to phoma black stem were identified. Predicted reactions of all mutants to the disease based on their marker profiles were not significantly different from the observed values. The same AFLP primer combinations were used to map quantitative trait loci in the F2 population and F3 families, and one AFLP marker (E33M61-11) was found to be tightly linked to phoma black stem susceptibility.
Feeding ecology of flatfish juveniles (pleuronectiformes) in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

During a two-year period in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires, Argentina), the diet of juvenileParalichthys orbignyanus andOncopterus darwinii sorted according to size, area, and season was analyzed. Sampling was carried out using a beach seine net in three zones of different salinity. The small size of the individuals collected and the high percentage of full stomachs, corresponding with high food availability in the lagoon, indicated that Mar Chiquita is used as a nursery ground. The diet ofP. orbignyanus consisted of crustaceans and polychaetes, whereasO. darwinii fed predominantly on small crustaceans (gammarid amphipods, harpacticoid copepods, mysids, and ostracods); polychaetes were less important. Diet of both flatfish species varied with length. Smaller individuals were microphagous, while bigger specimens included larger prey in their diet. Prey taxa number increased for both species, seawards to the mouth of the lagoon, probably related to the salinity gradient. Prey diversity forP. orbignyanus was highest in autumn and spring, and the lowest percentage of stomachs with food occurred in winter. Prey diversity was lowest forO. darwinii in spring and the highest percentage of empty stomachs was found in autumn.
Cold-induced photoinhibition and winter leaf-loss in the broad-leaved tree Aristotelia serrata (Elaeocarpaceae).

Relationships between cold-induced photoinhibition of photosynthesis and winter leaf-loss were investigated for leaves of a wineberry (Aristotelia serrata J. R. Forst. and G. Forst.) tree. Previous work identified consistent differences in leaf loss between shaded and exposed parts of wineberry trees, possibly related to the adverse effects of cold temperatures and high irradiance during winter frosts. Differences in leaf temperature and irradiance between shaded and exposed parts of a wineberry canopy were quantified, together with their relationships to decline and recovery of cold-induced photoinhibition of photosynthesis (measured by the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence; Fv / Fm). These data, together with measurements of leaf loss from selected shoots, were used to test the hypothesis that leaf loss is greater from open than from shaded parts of wineberry canopies, and increases with decreases in Fv / Fm following winter frosts. Fv / Fm of leaves on exposed shoots was always significantly (P<0.001) lower than leaves on shaded shoots. The absolute difference in Fv / Fm ranged from 0.11 to 0.57. Fv / Fm declined markedly following periods of freezing leaf temperatures (Tl), but recovered after several days of non-freezing Tl. A multiple regression model, including terms for integrated irradiance (Qi), minimum Tl, Tl at the time of Fv / Fm measurements, and the value of Fv / Fm, on the previous day explained 95% of the variability in daily Fv / Fm. Leaf loss was greater from exposed shoots (0.22 leaves shoot-1 d-1) than from shaded shoots (0.07 leaves shoot-1 d-1; P<0.001) and increased following frost-induced decreases in the value of Fv / Fm. Measured rates of leaf loss from exposed shoots were significantly related to Fv / Fm measured 14d previously (r2=0.89, P<0.01), supporting our hypothesis.
STUDIES ON THE INTERRELATIONSHIP AMONG THE INTENSITY OF A RAMAN MARKER BAND OF CAROTENOIDS, POLYENE CHAIN STRUCTURE, AND EFFICIENCY OF THE ENERGY TRANSFER FROM CAROTENOIDS TO BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

Abstract Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to study the polyene‐chain structure of carotenoids in light‐harvesting pigment‐protein complexes from purple photosynthetic bacteria. When major carotenoids of Rhodobacter sphaeroides were incorporated into the light‐harvesting complexes of Chromatium vinosum, they showed a relatively intense Raman band at 965 cm‐1 arising from the CH out‐of‐plane wagging modes of the polyene chain. This result was almost the same as that for the intrinsic carotenoids in Chromatium vinosum, but completely different from that for the intrinsic carotenoids in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. On the other hand, the intrinsic carotenoids of Chromatium vinosum lost the intensity of the 965 cm‐1 Raman band upon protein denaturation. These results support the view that the intensity of the 965 cm‐1 Raman band reflects distortion of the polyene chain, independent of its chemical structure. The polyene‐chain distortion is affected by the apoprotein to which carotenoids are bound. The distortion of the polyene chain is correlated with a decrease in the efficiency of the energy transfer from carotenoids to bacteriochlorophyll.
Seasonal distribution and duration of the planktonic stage of Dover sole, Solea solea, larvae in the Bay of Biscay: an hypothesis

The possibility of deriving a prediction about the effect of seasonal variations in the duration of the planktonic larval phase on the dispersal of larval Dover sole was investigated. During six cruises, from February to May 1992, the distribution of sole larvae was studied along a 100-km transect, from the offshore spawning grounds to the coastal nurseries of the Bay of Biscay (France). Samples (n= 189) were collected with a suprabenthic sampler, and vertical profiles of water temperature and salinity were recorded simultaneously. Counts of otolith increments of larval stage 4b (onset of metamorphosis) were used to estimate the duration of the planktonic life. Duration of the larval phase decreases by about 15 days (37%) with water temperature increase (between 8° in February and 11.2° C in May). Sole larvae occur from the coastal area to 100 km offshore. Within the same cruise, no difference in the duration of the planktonic life was observed between the larvae caught in the onshore and the offshore area. In spite of seasonal differences in abundance, the extent and the shape of the larval distributions during the period of study suggest that the seasonal variations in the duration of the planktonic life did not affect the larval distribution.
The Outcome Impact of Early vs Late HFNC Oxygen Therapy in Elderly Patients with COVID-19 and ARDS

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide. High-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) is a major oxygen supporting therapy for severely ill patients, but information regarding the timing of HFNC application is scarce, especially in elderly patients. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 110 elderly patients ([≥]65 years) who received HFNC from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Hospital of Xiantao City and Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shishou City in Hubei Province, China, and from Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, People's Hospital of Yangjiang City, People's Hospital of Maoming City in Guangdong Province, China. Of the 110 patients, the median age was 71 years (IQR, 68-78) and 59.1% was male. Thirty-eight patients received HFNC when 200 mmHg < PO2/FiO2 [≤] 300 mmHg (early HFNC group), and 72 patients received HFNC treatment when 100 mmHg < PaO2/FiO2 [≤] 200 mmHg (late HFNC group). Compared with the late HFNC group, patients in the early HFNC group had a lower likelihood of developing severe ARDS, longer time from illness onset to severe ARDS and shorter duration of viral shedding after illness onset, as well as shorter lengths of ICU and hospital stay. Twenty-four patients died during hospitalization, of whom 22 deaths (30.6%) were in the late HFNC group and 2(5.3%) in the early HFNC group. It is concluded that the prognosis was better in severely ill elderly patients with COVID-19 receiving early compared to late HFNC. This suggests HFNC could be considered early in this disease process.
Automated Identification of Patients with Immune-related Adverse Events from Clinical Notes using Word embedding and Machine Learning

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved survival in patients with advanced malignancies. However, ICIs are associated with a unique spectrum of side effects termed Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs). To ensure treatment safety, research efforts are needed to comprehensively detect and understand irAEs from real world data (RWD). The goal of this work is to evaluate a Machine Learning-based phenotyping approach that can identify patients with irAEs from a large volume of retrospective clinical notes representing RWD. Evaluation shows promising results with an average F1-score=0.75 and AUC-ROC=0.78. While the extraction of any available irAEs in charts achieves high accuracy, individual irAEs extraction has room for further improvement.
Plant cell wall reinforcement in the disease resistance response : molecular composition and regulation

The disease-resistance response of plant cells is composed of a multitude of biochemical events, and the activation of one of these, the phenylpropanoid metabolism, is pivotal for the survival of cells under stress conditions. The basic features of this facet of the disease-resistance response are beginning to be unraveled in model plant cell culture systems. These studies revealed a novel, alternative pathway for the synthesis of cell wall bound hydroxycinnamoyl esters and lignin. The investigations have, therefore, set the stage for a detailed analysis of the induction process that includes fast, posttranslational activation mechanisms as well as de novo enzyme synthesis. The biosynthesis of phenolic compounds destined for the cell wall is considered to reach far beyond the mere physical strengthening of the cells and includes additional functions, e.g., the release of antimycotic hydroxybenzaldehydes, which are vital for stress compensation. Key words: elicitor-induced phenylpropanoids, cell wall reinf.
Ancient marine reptiles

M.A. Taylor, Foreword. Ichthyosauria: J.M. Callaway, Introduction. P.M. Sander, The paleobiogeography of Shastasaurus. J.M. Callaway, A New Look at Mixosaurus. C. McGowan, A Transitional Ichthyosaur Fauna. R. Motani, Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Tooth Implantation in Ichthyosaurs. Sauropterygia: O.C. Rieppel, Introduction. O.C. Rieppel and H. Hagdorn, Paleobiology of Middle Triassic Sauropterygia in Central and Western Europe. G.W. Storrs, Morphologic and Taxonomic Clarification of the Genus Plesiosaurus. K. Carpenter, Comparative Cranial Anatomy of Two North American Cretaceous Plesiosaurs. Testudines: E.L. Nicholls, Introduction. R. Hirayama, Distribution and Diversity of Cretaceous Chelonoids. D.K. Elliott, G.V. Irby, and J.H. Hutchison, Desmatochelys Iowa, a Marine Turtle from the Upper Cretaceous. R.T. J. Moody, The Paleogeography of Marine and Coastal Turtles of the North Atlantic and Trans-Saharan Regions. Mosasauridae: G.L. Bell, Jr., Introduction. G.L. Bell, Jr., Phylogenetic Revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauridea. A. Sheldon, Ecological Implications of Mosasaur Bone Microstructure. Crocodylia: S. Hua and E. Buffetaut, Introduction. R.K. Denton, Jr., J.L. Dobie, and D.C. Parris, The Marine Crocodile, Hyposaurus, in North America. Faunas, Behavior, and Evolution: J.A. Massare, Introduction. S.G. Lucas, Marine Reptiles and Mesozoic Biochronology. Z. Gasparini and M. Fernandez, Tithonian Marine Reptiles of the Eastern Pacific. R. Collin and C.M. Janis, Morphological Constraints on Tetropod Feeding Mechanisms: Why Were There No Suspenion-Feeding Marine Reptiles? R.L. Carroll, Mesozoic Marine Reptiles as Models of Long Term, Large-Scale Evolutionary Phenomena. Subject Index.
Social tradition and the use of tool‐composites by wild chimpanzees

Many different kinds of tool use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in their natural habitat have been documented over the last 30 years.1 Most instances involve the use of a single type of tool for a single task. Even when a chimpanzee uses more than one tool for a single target, the tools usually are used to perform the same function; for example, when the first object employed to perform a task breaks, it is replaced by a similar object. Use of more than one kind of tool for a single task, a tool‐composite, by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglydytes) demonstrates high intelligence and motor control which requires foresight, understanding of relations among tools and task, and behavioral coordination. Application of tool‐composites has been reported infrequently and may be due to their use in complicated environmental and situational contexts which chimpanzees encounter less frequently throughout their daily activities. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Producing building blocks for data analytics

The ever increasing diversity of data analytics and AI applications has had a tremendous impact on the number of tools that were developed during the past few years. The developers of these tools usually do not spend a lot of time thinking which are the building blocks that lie in their core. As a result, they sometimes have to produce many slightly different versions of the same code fragments. Instead, they could reduce their implementation effort by designing reusable and recomposable building blocks. Then, they could simply orchestrate them in a different order across execution plans. In this thesis, we study the level of granularity of these building blocks. We start with a state-of-the-art high-performance distributed hash join, which we split into smaller operators that have a single functionality. We explore different levels of granularity and study their impact on reusability and performance. Our proposed granularity level yields operators that are reusable and have almost no performance overhead. We present a variety of use cases where we can apply them in modern ML and data analytics scenarios. By using the same operators, the original join algorithm has similar performance and it is even faster in some cases.
Studies in Tunicate Development. Part V. The Evolution and Classification of Ascidians

The purpose of the present paper is twofold. The development and variability of the heart, pericardium, and epicardium throughout the group will be described, while an attempt is made to trace the probable course of evolution within the ascidians and to base upon it a revised classification as it concerns the major divisions of the class. The mode of origin of the heart and pericardium has long been recognized as one of the strong links between the tunicates and vertebrates, while the epicardium is a highly significant structure assumed by many to be concerned primarily with budding. Current classifications of ascidians, such as those of Lahille and Seeliger, are based upon the nature of the branchial sac, an insecure foundation since branchial structure is to a great extent an expression of the size of the organism ; so that a more general basis is desirable.
A CAPM háromidőszakos kiterjesztése

Jelen tanulmanyban megmutatjuk, hogy a tőkepiaci eszkozok arazasi modellje (CAPM) levezethető egy haromidőszakos altalanos egyensulyelmeleti modellből is, ami felveti a CAPM hosszutavu alkalmazhatosagat is. Bebizonyitjuk tovabba, hogy a modellunk Pareto hatekony megoldast eredmenyez.
Weed control in lentil (Lens culinaris) in eastern Turkey

Abstract This study investigated the effect of 12 herbicide applications and hand weeding (once, twice, and repeated) in comparison with a weedy control on seed and total crop biomass yield of lentil (Lens culinaris) in 2000 and 2001 under the dry conditions of Erzurum (29°55'N and 41° 16'E at an altitude of 1850 m), Turkey. In both growing seasons, data were collected on the density and dry weight of weed species, density of lentil, seed yield, total crop biomass yield, and harvest index. Weed control applications significantly decreased density and dry weight of weeds and increased total crop biomass and seed yields by 49.2% (linuron plus prometryn) and 74.9% (prometryn plus fluazifop‐p‐butyl), compared with the unweeded control. Pre‐emergence plus post‐emergence combinations, however, gave no clear advantages over single applications of linuron, prometryn, and metribuzin. Metribuzin reduced plant density in wetter conditions of the second year. In conclusion, linuron and prometryn alone were effective in controlling weeds on lentils without apparent toxic effects. Hand weeding once was equally effective.
The effect of nutrient concentration and inoculation of PGPR and AMF on the yield and fruit quality of hydroponic cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme)

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of nutrient concentration and inoculation of biological agents (PGPR and AMF) in a hydroponic system of substrate culture on the growth and yield of cherry tomato plants. The greenhouse research was conducted in the Agrotechnopark of the University of Brawijaya at Jatikerto Village, Kromengan Sub-District, Malang Regency. The utilized research method was Completely Randomized Nested Design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the concentration of nutrient solution consisting of 100 % (3.5 dS m-1), 75 % (2.6 dS m-1), and 50 % (1.8 dS m-1) concentrations. The second factor is the inoculation of biological agents consisting of no inoculation of biological agents, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi), and PGPR + AMF. The data were analyzed using an analysis of variance and continued with the test of Honest Significant Difference at 5 % level. The results showed that the interaction between the types of biological agents and nutrient concentrations significantly increased the number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit diameter, and sugar content of cherry tomatoes. The AMF application showed the highest fruit weight per plant and fruit diameter, especially at 100 % nutrient concentration. The AMF application also showed a higher sugar content compared to the control and PGPR but not significantly different from the PGPR + AMF treatment at all levels of given nutrient concentration. Fruit weight per plant with treatment of AMF, PGPR + AMF, and PGPR respectively produced 64.47, 48.75 and 29.39 % higher than without application of biological agents.
Differential competitive ability of winter wheat cultivars against downy brome

Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) causes large yield reductions in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the western USA and Canada. Current control practices using fallow and preseeding tillage often are ineffective. A study was conducted over 3 yr at Lethbridge, AB, to determine if winter wheat cultivars varying in height and growth habit differ in their competitive ability with downy brome. A factorial set of treatments included downy brome at 0, 10, 50, and 200 plants m −2 grown with winter wheat cultivars Norstar, Redwin, Archer, and Norwin. Downy brome reduced the biomass and seed yield of all cultivars in all years, but the magnitude of the yield reductions differed among cultivars. Downy brome caused 14 to 30% greater yield reductions in the semidwarf cultivars, Archer and Norwin, than in the tall cultivars, Norstar and Redwin [. ]
The effect of soil drought on water‐use efficiency in a contrasting Great Basin desert and Sierran montane species

Abstract. The effect of soil drought on water-use efficiency (WUE) and water relations was examined for potted Artemisia tridentata Nutt. and Pinus ponderosa Laws. , a dominant Great Basin desert shrub and a Sierran montane tree, respectively. Before the onset of drought, A. tridentata had slightly higher photosynthetic rates than P. ponderosa and A. tridentata maintained positive photosynthetic rates at substantially lower water potentials (Ψ). Complete stomatal closure and cessation of photosynthesis occurred at a Ψ of ca. −2.5 MPa for P. ponderosa and less than −5.0 MPa for A. tridentata. Repeated drought cycles caused a small increase in bulk modulus of elasticity for A. tridentata and neither species exhibited significant osmotic adjustment. WUE was similar at Ψ≥−1.0 MPa but as Ψ decreased P. ponderosa consistently maintained higher WUE than A. tridentata. The primary factor contributing to higher WUE for P. ponderosa was the rapid decrease in stomatal conductance with decreasing Ψ. Comparatively low WUE for A. tridentata, a drought tolerant species, suggests that efficient use of water is a conservative ecophysiological ‘strategy’ that can be detrimental in a competitive water-limited environment. The combination of profligate use of water and a high degree of drought tolerance may be a more successful combination of physiological characteristics in certain dry habitats.
Neurotransmitters of mantle and fin muscles in spear squid, Loligo bleekeri

The responses to topical application of neurotransmitters to the mantle and fin muscles of the spear squid, Loligo bleekeri, were examined. In the mantle, the circular fibres contract in response to L-glutamate and the radial and longitudinal fibres contract in response to acetylcholine. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) did not affect contractions of any of the mantle muscle fibres. The structure of the fin is similar to that of the mantle, with muscles arranged in three orthogonal planes. Topically applied L-glutamate causes all three muscle types to contract. Acetylcholine does not affect them. Pre-treatment with 5-HT blocks the L-glutamate response of the transverse and dorso-ventral muscles but has no effect on the longitudinal fibres. These results suggest that a secondary innervation pathway exists in musculature responsible for producing complex movements, such as the fin, but not in those with a simpler mode of action, like the mantle.
Cationic liposomes are possible drug-delivery systems for HIV fusion inhibitor sifuvirtide

HIV-1 inhibitor sifuvirtide presents increased affinity for cationic dipalmitoylethyl-phosphatidylcholine (EDPPC) in contrast to viral/raft-mimicking (VRM) membranes. When associated to sifuvirtide, EDPPC-containing vesicles fuse with VRM vesicles. After fusion, the peptide co-localizes on VRM vesicles, indicating an effective delivery and concentration of sifuvirtide towards the viral and lipid raft vicinity.