Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer-Delivered Linkage Case Management and Same-Day ART Initiation for Men and Young Persons with HIV Infection — Eswatini, 2015–2017

To achieve epidemic control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, sub-Saharan African countries are striving to diagnose 90% of HIV infections, initiate and retain 90% of HIV-diagnosed persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and achieve viral load suppression* for 90% of ART recipients (90-90-90) (1). In Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), the country with the world's highest estimated HIV prevalence (27.2%), achieving 90-90-90 depends upon improving access to early ART for men and young adults with HIV infection, two groups with low ART coverage (1-3). Although community-based strategies test many men and young adults with HIV infection in Eswatini, fewer than one third of all persons who test positive in community settings enroll in HIV care within 6 months of diagnosis after receiving standard referral services (4,5). To evaluate the effectiveness of peer-delivered linkage case management† in improving early ART initiation for persons with HIV infection diagnosed in community settings in Eswatini, CDC analyzed data on 651 participants in CommLink, a community-based, mobile HIV-testing, point-of-diagnosis HIV care, and peer-delivered linkage case management demonstration project, and found that after diagnosis, 635 (98%) enrolled in care within a median of 5 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 2-8 days), and 541 (83%) initiated ART within a median of 6 days (IQR = 2-14 days), including 402 (74%) on the day of their first clinic visit (same-day ART). After expanding ART eligibility to all persons with HIV infection on October 1, 2016, 96% of 225 CommLink clients initiated ART, including 87% at their first clinic visit. Compared with women and adult clients aged ≥30 years, similar high proportions of men and persons aged 15-29 years enrolled in HIV care and received same-day ART. To help achieve 90-90-90 by 2020, the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is supporting the national scale-up of CommLink in Eswatini and recommending peer-delivered linkage case management as a potential strategy for countries to achieve >90% early enrollment in care and ART initiation after diagnosis of HIV infection (6).
[Effects of boron on serum biochemical indexes and microstructure of immune organs in male obese rats].

OBJECTIVE Effects of boron( B) on the serum biochemical index and microstructure of immune organs in male obese rats were studied. METHODS 40 male SD rats( 3-month old) were divided into five groups: normal control group, high-fat-diet control group and boron supplemental group of low, medium and high dose, randomly. The normal control group were fed with normal diet, the other 4 groups were fed with highfat diet to establish the model of obesity for 8 weeks. The boron supplemental group of low, medium and high dose were supplemented 20, 40 and 80 mg B / L in drinking water for 90 d, respectively. At the end, the rats were anesthetized and bled. The blood were collected from right atrium to detected the biochemical indexes related to liver function, and the thymus and spleen were obtained to weighted and fixed, then the samples were made into paraffin sections, stained with hematoxylin-eosin( HE) stain, observed and measured the histological parameters of immune organs. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the Lee's index and abdominal fat rate, the level of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-c) and the thymus weight were significantly increased( P <0. 05), but the level of serum total protein( TP) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c) were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05) in high-fat-diet control group, 40 mg /L and 80 mg / L supplement groups of boron. However, these detection indexes did not change significantly( P > 0. 05) in 20 mg / L supplement groups of boron. Compared with the high-fat-diet control group, the Lee's index and abdominal fat rate, the level of serum Apolipoprotein B( apo B) and LDL-c, the thymus weight and index were significantly decreased( P < 0. 05), but the level of serum TP and high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-c) were significantly increased( P < 0. 05) in 20 mg /L supplement groups of boron. The level of serum LDL-c and thymus weight was significantly lower( P < 0. 05) in40 mg / L supplement groups of boron. But all the above detection indicators did not change significantly( P > 0. 05) in 80 mg / L supplement groups of boron. Under the microscope, compared with high-fat-diet control group, splenic nodule area was increased significantly( P < 0. 05), splenic periarterial lymphatic sheath, marginal zone and splenic cord were also thicker significantly( P < 0. 05), thymus medulla / cortex ratio decreased significantly( P < 0. 05), the cells arranged closely, vacuolar like structures were less in the thymus medulla of 20 mg / L and 40 mg / L supplement groups of boron. Microstructure of spleen and thymus did not change significantly in 80 mg / L supplement groups of boron. CONCLUSION Supplementation of 20 mg B / L could decrease the level of serum apo B and LDL-c, and increase the level of serum HDL-c, and protect the liver function and immune organ of rat from damage caused obese by high fat diet.
Muscle activation in suspension training: a systematic review

Abstract Suspension training is an adjunct to traditional strength and conditioning. The effect of added instability on muscle activation during traditional exercises is unclear and depends on the exercise and type of instability. The purpose of this review was to compare the activations of different muscles in suspension training exercises and their traditional counterparts. A search of the current literature was performed without language restrictions using the electronic databases PubMed (1969—12 January 2017), SPORTDiscus (1969—12 January 2017) and Scopus (1969—12 January 2017). The inclusion criteria were: (1) descriptive studies; (2) physically active participants; and (3) studies that analysed muscle activation using normalised electromyographic signals during different suspension training exercises. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. For the push-up, inverted row, prone bridge and hamstring curl in suspension, the activation of upper-body and core muscles ranged between moderate (21–40% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)) and very high (>60% MVIC). Muscle activation in these same muscle groups was greater with suspension exercises relative to comparable traditional exercises, except for the inverted row. Muscle activation in the upper extremity and core muscles varied greatly amongst studies.
Road to resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis of resilience training programmes and interventions

Objectives To synthesise the available evidence on interventions designed to improve individual resilience. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis Methods The following electronic databases were searched: Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE, PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane and WHO Clinical Trials Registry in order to identify any controlled trials or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving psychological resilience. Pooled effects sizes were calculated using the random-effects model of meta-analysis. Outcome measures Valid and reliable measures of psychological resilience. Results Overall, 437 citations were retrieved and 111 peer-reviewed articles were examined in full. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria and were subject to a quality assessment, with 11 RCTs being included in the final meta-analysis. Programmes were stratified into one of three categories (1) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based interventions, (2) mindfulness-based interventions or (3) mixed Interventions, those combining CBT and Mindfulness training. A meta-analysis found a moderate positive effect of resilience interventions (0.44 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.64) with subgroup analysis suggesting CBT-based, mindfulness and mixed interventions were effective. Conclusions Resilience interventions based on a combination of CBT and mindfulness techniques appear to have a positive impact on individual resilience.
Treatment of osteoarthritis with collagen-based scaffold: A porcine animal model with xenograft mesenchymal stem cells.

OBJECTIVE With the goal to explore a new approach to treat the early degenerative lesions of hyaline cartilage, we implanted in a porcine OA model a collagen-based scaffold containing chondroprogenitor cells derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Porcine knee joints were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection to surgically induce OA. After 4 months, the time necessary for the development of cartilage surface damage, animals were treated either with trephination bone plug wrapped with the chondroprogenic hBM-MSCs-embedded collagen scaffold or microfractures alone. Histological and histomorphometric evaluations were performed at 5 months after surgery. RESULTS All animals subjected to ACL transection showed osteoarthritic changes including mild lateral femoral condyle or moderate medial femoral condyle ulcerations. After 14 days' chondrogenic induction, hBM-MSCs seeded onto the scaffold showed expression of chondroprogenitor markers such as SOX9 and COMP. At 5 months after the implantation, significant differences in the quality of the regenerated tissue were found between the hBM-MSCs-embedded scaffold group and the control group. Newly generated tissue was only observed at the site of implantation with the hBM-MSCs-embedded scaffolds. Furthermore, histological examination of the generated tissue revealed evidence of cartilage-like tissue with lacuna formation. In contrast, fibrous layers or fissures were formed on the surface of the control knee joint. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that xenogenic hBM-MSC derived chondroprogenitor scaffolds can generate new cartilage tissue in porcine articular cartilage and have the potential as a useful treatment option for osteoarthritis.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Latin American Families: Experiences in Chile

Introduction: The present study provides pilot data investigating relationships between severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits, community supports, and other family variables as reported by caregivers of children with ASD in Chile. Method: An anonymous caregiver survey was developed based on previous ASD survey studies conducted in the United States and direct input from collaborators residing in Chile. Participants included Chilean caregivers of individuals with ASD (N = 50; Mchild age = 6.98). The survey addressed topics regarding the child’s ASD traits, the caregiver’s beliefs and perceptions of ASD, and community supports and engagement. Results: Correlational analyses indicated associations between ASD traits, physician support, family stress, stigma, and community engagement. Discussion: Results from this study highlight the importance of future research to better understand and treat Latin American children with ASD and their families.
Effect of denaverine hydrochloride application to heifers on the APGAR score and lactate concentration in newborn calves

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Denaverine hydrochloride (DNH) in heifers on calf vitality. Material and methods: A total of 83 calvings with 38 female and 45 male calves were included in the study. Thirty minutes after onset of stage 2 of calving, 400 mg DNH or placebo (0.9% NaCl) were administered subcutaneously. If the calving procedure was not completed after 60 minutes, an extraction was conducted and pulling force was measured by using a digital force gauge. Directly after parturition, vitality of calves was evaluated using a modified APGAR score. Additionally, lactate concentration in blood from Vena auricularis was measured with a handheld measuring device (lactate scout). Results: No effect of treatment was observed on APGAR score and lactate concentration. Clinical relevance: Denaverine hydrochloride is a regularly used substance in obstetrics in veterinary medicine in many European countries. We could not confirm our hypotheses that treating heifers with DNH has a positive effect on calf vitality evaluated by APGAR score and lactate concentration in blood.
Transaction Propagation on Permissionless Blockchains: Incentive and Routing Mechanisms

Existing permissionless blockchain solutions rely on peer-to-peer propagation mechanisms, where nodes in a network transfer transaction they received to their neighbors. Unfortunately, there is no explicit incentive for such transaction propagation. Therefore, existing propagation mechanisms will not be sustainable in a fully decentralized blockchain with rational nodes. In this work, we formally define the problem of incentivizing nodes for transaction propagation. We propose an incentive mechanism where each node involved in the propagation of a transaction receives a share of the transaction fee. We also show that our proposal is Sybil-proof. Furthermore, we combine the incentive mechanism with smart routing to reduce the communication and storage costs at the same time. The proposed routing mechanism reduces the redundant transaction propagation from the size of the network to a factor of average shortest path length. The routing mechanism is built upon a specific type of consensus protocol where the round leader who creates the transaction block is known in advance. Note that our routing mechanism is a generic one and can be adopted independently from the incentive mechanism.
A Survey of Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens in Native and Introduced Mountain Goats (Oreamnos americanus)

Abstract In contrast to broad range expansion through translocations, many mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) populations have shown signs of decline. Recent documentation of pneumonia in mountain goats highlights their susceptibility to bacterial pathogens typically associated with bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) epizootics. Respiratory pathogen communities of mountain goats are poorly characterized yet have important implications for management and conservation of both species. We characterized resident pathogen communities across a range of mountain goat populations as an initial step to inform management efforts. Between 2010 and 2017, we sampled 98 individuals within three regions of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), with a smaller sampling effort in southeast Alaska, US. Within the GYA, we detected Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in two regions and we found at least two Pasteurellaceae species in animals from all regions. Mannheimia haemolytica was the only pathogen that we detected in southeast Alaska. Given the difficult sampling conditions, limited sample size, and imperfect detection, our failure to detect specific pathogens should be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, respiratory pathogens within the GYA may be an important, yet underappreciated, cause of mountain goat mortality. Moreover, because of the strong niche overlap of bighorn sheep and mountain goats, interspecific transmission is an important concern for managers restoring or introducing mountain ungulates within sympatric ranges.
The committee machine: computational to statistical gaps in learning a two-layers neural network

Heuristic tools from statistical physics have been used in the past to locate the phase transitions and compute the optimal learning and generalization errors in the teacher-student scenario in multi-layer neural networks. In this paper, we provide a rigorous justification of these approaches for a two-layers neural network model called the committee machine, under a technical assumption. We also introduce a version of the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm for the committee machine that allows optimal learning in polynomial time for a large set of parameters. We find that there are regimes in which a low generalization error is information-theoretically achievable while the AMP algorithm fails to deliver it; strongly suggesting that no efficient algorithm exists for those cases, unveiling a large computational gap.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Melatonin: A mechanistic review

Abstract N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine (melatonin) is a natural substance produced both by plants, as a secondary metabolite, and animals, by the pineal gland and other tissues. In humans, melatonin participates in numerous functions including the regulation of mood, sleep, reproduction, promotion of immunomodulation, antioxidant defense and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The anti-inflammatory activity of melatonin could yield beneficial effects on intake, particularly against the chronic inflammation which underlies many chronic diseases. This review aims to provide an assessment of the literature data on the anti-inflammatory activity of melatonin, with a particular focus on the mechanisms responsible for this behavior. We can conclude that many in vitro studies and in vivo studies in experimental animal model systems show that melatonin exerts anti-inflammatory activity in a number of chronic diseases which affect different organs in different circumstances. Clinical trials, however, often fail to reach positive results and are thus far inconclusive. Thus, in the future, long-term well-designed investigations on melatonin-rich foods or melatonin food supplements could provide valuable information towards public health recommendations on melatonin, taking into account both the nature of the compound and the optimal dose, for protection from long-term inflammation linked to chronic diseases.
Big Data Analysis of Genes Associated With Neuropsychiatric Disorders in an Alzheimer’s Disease Animal Model

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the impairment of cognitive function and loss of memory, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. With the dramatic increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease, it is expected to impose extensive public health and economic burden. However, this burden is particularly heavy on the caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients eliciting neuropsychiatric symptoms that include mood swings, hallucinations, and depression. Interestingly, these neuropsychiatric symptoms are shared across symptoms of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depression disorder. Despite the similarities in symptomatology, comorbidities of Alzheimer’s disease and these neuropsychiatric disorders have not been studied in the Alzheimer’s disease model. Here, we explore the comprehensive changes in gene expression of genes that are associated with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depression disorder through the microarray of an Alzheimer’s disease animal model, the forebrain specific PSEN double knockout mouse. To analyze the genes related with these three neuropsychiatric disorders within the scope of our microarray data, we used selected 1207 of a total of 45,037 genes that satisfied our selection criteria. These genes were selected on the basis of 14 Gene Ontology terms significantly relevant with the three disorders which were identified by previous research conducted by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Our study revealed that the forebrain specific deletion of Alzheimer’s disease genes can significantly alter neuropsychiatric disorder associated genes. Most importantly, most of these significantly altered genes were found to be involved with schizophrenia. Taken together, we suggest that the synaptic dysfunction by mutation of Alzheimer’s disease genes can lead to the manifestation of not only memory loss and impairments in cognition, but also neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Underrated enemy – from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to cancers of the gastrointestinal tract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is intrahepatic ectopic lipid deposition which is present despite a lack of other causes of secondary hepatic fat accumulation. It is the most common chronic liver disorder in the welldeveloped countries. NAFLD is a multidisciplinary disease that affects various systems and organs and is inextricably linked to simple obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and overt diabetes mellitus type 2. The positive energy balance related to obesity leads to a variety of systemic changes including modified levels of insulin, insulin- like growth factor-1, adipokines, hepatokines and cytokines. It is strongly linked to carcinogenesis and new evidence proves that NAFLD is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality among cancer survivors. This article focuses on the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic gastrointestinal tract cancers, aiming to shed light on the pathomechanism of changes leading to the development of tumors.
Influence of boundary geometry in domain wall propagation in magnetic films with asymmetric holes: Micromagnetic calculations

Micromagnetic simulations have been performed in uniaxial magnetic films with 2D array of asymmetric arrow shape holes. In order to understand the asymmetric pinning potential created by the holes, different boundary geometries conditions are used on the simulations. The depinning fields for forward and backward domain wall propagation have been calculated by the analysis of the energy landscapes as a function of the domain wall position. Domain wall depinning occurs preferentially at the free ends of the domain wall at the film boundaries. We have found that the domain wall propagation is different at the top/bottom boundaries of the simulated film which can be understood in terms of the magnetostatic energy and the chirality of the domain wall.
Guselkumab, an anti‐interleukin‐23 monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque‐type psoriasis in Japanese patients: Efficacy and safety results from a phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study

Previous global studies of guselkumab have demonstrated clinical benefits in patients with psoriasis. The aim of this 52‐week, phase 3 study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of guselkumab in Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque‐type psoriasis. Patients randomly received guselkumab 50 mg or 100 mg at weeks 0, 4 and every 8 weeks, or placebo with cross‐over to guselkumab 50 mg or 100 mg at week 16. Co‐primary end‐points were the proportion of patients achieving Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) cleared/minimal (0/1) and 90% or more improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI‐90) at week 16. Overall, 192 patients were randomized to placebo, guselkumab 50 mg or 100 mg. At week 16, patients in the placebo group were crossed over to guselkumab 50 mg or 100 mg. At week 16, a significantly (P < 0.001) higher proportion of patients receiving guselkumab 50 mg and 100 mg versus placebo achieved IGA 0/1 (92.3% and 88.9% vs 7.8%) and PASI‐90 (70.8% and 69.8% vs 0%). Patients in guselkumab 50 mg and 100 mg groups achieved significant improvement versus placebo in PASI‐75 (89.2% and 84.1% vs 6.3%, P < 0.001) at week 16; improvement was maintained through week 52. Incidences of treatment‐emergent adverse events were comparable among the groups through week 16; the most commonly reported was nasopharyngitis. No new safety concerns were observed until week 52. In conclusion, guselkumab treatment demonstrated superior efficacy over placebo and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque‐type psoriasis.