Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol regulates CB1‐pSTAT3 signaling for neurite outgrowth, prolongs lifespan, and improves health span in Caenorhabditis elegans of Aβ pathology models

Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid from the Cannabis sativa plant, exhibits a broad spectrum of potential therapeutic properties for neurodegenerative diseases. An accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) protein is one of the most important neuropathology in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Data on the effect of CBD on the amelioration of Aβ‐induced neurite degeneration and its consequences of life and health spans is sparse. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CBD on neurite outgrowth in cells and lifespan and health span in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). In human SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells, CBD prevented neurite lesion induced by Aβ1‐42 and increased the expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R). Furthermore, CBD both protected the reduction of dendritic spine density and rescued the activity of synaptic Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) from Aβ1‐42 toxicity in primary hippocampal neurons. In C. elegans, we used the transgenic CL2355 strain of C. elegans, which expresses the human Aβ peptide throughout the nervous system and found that CBD treatment extended lifespan and improved health span. The neuroprotective effect of CBD was further explored by observing the dopaminergic neurons using transgenic dat‐1: GFP strains using the confocal microscope. This study shows that CBD prevents the neurite degeneration induced by Aβ, by a mechanism involving CB1R activation, and extends lifespan and improves health span in Aβ‐overexpressing worms. Our findings support the potential therapeutic approach of CBD for the treatment of AD patients.
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in autism research: literature review

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a behaviourally defined condition. Its molecular basis is unknown; however, its prevalence has been increasing significantly. There have been several abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems reported in ASD. In our review, we described studies involving positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that can provide useful and corroborative data. Method: We conducted a literature review by comprehensive database searching on EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and PsychINFO looking for articles published since January 2009. Thirty-one studies were carefully selected – 22 PET studies and 9 SPECT studies – and reviewed by 2 independent researchers. References of the articles were also cross-checked. Results: Results of the studies, which mainly involve small groups of participants, are frequently inconclusive and often controversial due to the nature of ASD and its wide spectrum. Studies are conducted under different conditions and with poor control for confounding factors which creates difficulties in comparing the data. Conclusions: There is ongoing need to improve methodology of the studies involving molecular imaging in ASD. Lack of consistent findings causes difficulties in evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition.
Situation selection and modification in social inhibition: a person-centered approach

ABSTRACT Objectives The current study aimed to identify patterns of situation selection and modification behaviors using a person-centered approach, and to examine to what extent the trait social inhibition (SI) is associated with these patterns of situation-targeted emotion regulation. Methods The sample comprised 504 participants (M age = 21.5, SD = 8.2; 82% women), who completed questionnaires on situation selection and modification behaviors, and the social inhibition questionnaire (SIQ15). A three-step latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to (A) identify existing latent profiles of situation avoidance and approach and situation modification behaviors, and (B) to examine the association of SI and facets with the latent class posteriors. Results LPA revealed the presence of four profiles that differed in how situation selection and modification were applied. SI, behavioral inhibition, and social withdrawal were significantly associated with a higher odds of belonging to the profile characterized by avoidance selection and modification. Interpersonal sensitivity was associated with using more conversational modification behaviors, which may illustrate that interpersonal sensitive individuals are motivated to approach, but use avoidance behaviors to prevent confrontation. Conclusions SI individuals particularly rely on avoidance selection and modification behaviors, which may be considered maladaptive emotion regulation.
Insights into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from recent genetic studies

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). In this narrative review, we summarize recent advances in quantitative and molecular genetic research from the past 5–10 years. Combined with large-scale international collaboration, these advances have resulted in fast-paced progress in understanding the etiology of ADHD and how genetic risk factors map on to clinical heterogeneity. Studies are converging on a number of key insights. First, ADHD is a highly polygenic NDD with a complex genetic architecture encompassing risk variants across the spectrum of allelic frequencies, which are implicated in neurobiological processes. Second, genetic studies strongly suggest that ADHD diagnosis shares a large proportion of genetic risks with continuously distributed traits of ADHD in the population, with shared genetic risks also seen across development and sex. Third, ADHD genetic risks are shared with those implicated in many other neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and somatic phenotypes. As sample sizes and the diversity of genetic studies continue to increase through international collaborative efforts, we anticipate further success with gene discovery, characterization of how the ADHD phenotype relates to other human traits and growing potential to use genomic risk factors for understanding clinical trajectories and for precision medicine approaches.
Two different patterns of lung adenocarcinoma with concomitant EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are considered mutually exclusive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC). However, sporadic cases harboring concomitant EGFR and ALK alterations have been increasingly reported. There is no consensus opinion regarding the treatment of patients positive for both molecular alterations. NSCLC with EGFR/ALK coalterations should be separated into two subtypes: unifocal and multifocal LUAC. Here, we present an overview of the available literature regarding this rare group of patients to provide useful suggestions for therapeutic strategies.
Transgressive resistance to Heterodera glycines in chromosome segment substitution lines derived from susceptible soybean parents

Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are valuable genetic resources for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of complex agronomic traits especially suitable for minor effect QTL. Here, 162 BC3F7–BC7F3 CSSLs derived from crossing two susceptible parent lines, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] ‘Suinong14’ (recurrent parent) × wild soybean (G. soja Siebold & Zucc.) ZYD00006, were used for QTL mapping of soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycine Ichinohe) resistance based on female index (FI) and cysts per gram root (CGR) through phenotypic screening and whole‐genome resequencing of CSSLs. Phenotypic results displayed a wide range of distribution and transgressive lines in both HG Type 2.5. 7 FI and CGR and demonstrated a higher correlation between CGR and root weight (R2 = .5424) compared with than between FI and CGR (R2 = .0018). Using the single‐marker analysis nonparametric mapping test, 33 significant QTL were detected on 18 chromosomes contributing resistance to FI and CGR. Fourteen QTL contributing 5.6–15.5% phenotypic variance (PVE) to FI were revealed on 11 chromosomes, and 16 QTL accounting for 6.1–36.2% PVE in CGR were detected on 14 chromosomes with strong additive effect by multiple‐QTL model (MQM) mapping. Twenty‐five and 13 out of all 38 QTL identified for FI and CGR on 20 chromosomes were from ZYD00006 and Suinong14, respectively. The CSSLs with the combination of positive alleles for FI, CGR, and root weight exhibited low nematode reproduction. For the first time, QTL associated with CGR have been detected, and both FI and CGR should be considered for breeding purposes in the absence of strong resistance genes such as rhg1 and Rhg4.
Mapping of seed quality traits in the C genome of Brassica napus by using a population carrying genome content of B. oleracea and their effect on other traits

Increasing seed oil and protein contents and reducing the content of seed glucosinolates (GSLs) in Brassica oilseed crops are important objectives in breeding. By using an oilseed rape (B. napus L.) doubled‐haploid (DH) population carrying genome content introgressed from Chinese kale (B. oleracea L.), we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these seed quality traits and investigated their effect on other traits including seed yield. A stable QTL for seed oil content was identified on chromosome C5 at 40–42 Mb position and a QTL for seed GSL content was identified on C9 at 7–8 Mb position. The C5 and C9 QTL alleles for high oil and GSL contents were derived from Chinese kale, demonstrating that high‐oil QTL allele can be found in the parental species of oilseed rape. The low‐GSL QTL allele of C9 exerted a significant positive effect on seed protein content, demonstrating that selection for this QTL allele contributed to higher protein content in canola seed. These two QTL were not affected by field environmental conditions and did not exert a significant effect on days to flowering and seed yield. Thus, the genomic regions and the molecular markers identified in this study should be useful in molecular breeding of the seed quality traits in oilseed rape.
Relationship between the perceived burden of suffering and the observed quality of ADL task performance before and after a 12-week pain management programme

Abstract Background/objective Constant pain causes suffering and affects performance of activities of daily living (ADL). In clients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, we wanted to determine (i) the relationship between the perceived burden of suffering (measured with the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM)) and the observed quality of ADL task performance (measured with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)); and (ii) the change in these assessments before and after a 12-week pain programme. Methods In this cross-sectional cohort study, we retrospectively collected data from participants in a Swiss pain management programme. We calculated the relationship, correlations and effect sizes for the PRISM and AMPS using non-parametric tests. We set the level of significance at α = 0.05. Results Out of 138 clients, 74 participated. We found no significant correlations between the PRISM and AMPS (p = 0.55–0.36), except for the PRISM and AMPS process ability measure after the pain management programme (p = 0.023). Pre-post-correlations of the AMPS and PRISM were significant, with medium to strong effect sizes (−0.48–0.66). Conclusion Participation in this pain programme improved both, the PRISM and AMPS scores. The lack of correlation between these assessments in clients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, however, strongly argues for a thorough clinical assessment.
Revisiting human-machine trust: a replication study of Muir and Moray (1996) using a simulated pasteurizer plant task

Abstract This study aimed to replicate Muir and Moray that demonstrated operators’ trust in automated machines developing from faith, then dependability, and lastly predictability. Following the procedure of Muir and Moray, we asked undergraduate participants to complete a training program in a simulated pasteuriser plant and an experimental program including various errors in the pasteuriser. Results showed that the best predictor of overall trust was not faith but dependability, and that dependability consistently governed trust throughout the interaction with the pasteuriser. Thus, the obtained data patterns were inconsistent with those reported in Muir and Moray. We observed that operators in the current study used automatic control more frequently than manual control to successfully produce performance scores contrary to the operators in Muir and Moray. The results imply that dependability is a critical predictor of human-machine trust, which automation designer may focus on. More extensive future research using more modern automated technologies is necessary for understanding what factors control human-autonomy trust in modern ages. Practitioner Summary: The results suggest that dependability is a key factor that shapes human-machine trust across the time course of the trust development. This replication study suggests a new perspective for designing effective human-machine systems for untrained users who do not go through extensive training programs on automated systems.
Preparation and Characterization of PEDOT/β-Fe3+O(OH,Cl) Nanospindles with Controllable Sizes in Aqueous Solution

By using FeCl3·6H2O as an oxidant, a novel organic/inorganic complex nanostructure, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/β-akaganeite (PEDOT/β-Fe3+O(OH,Cl)) nanospindle, was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The lengths and widths of these nanospindles were in the range of 350−370 and 80−90 nm, respectively, which had good monodispersity. PEDOT/β-Fe3+O(OH,Cl) nanospindles were composed of PEDOT and single-crystalline β-akaganeite, which was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) measurements, analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). They had the dual properties of both a conducting polymer (PEDOT) and an inorganic single crystal (β-akaganeite). The morphology and crystallinity were afforded by the part of inorganic β-akaganeite, and the electrical and electrochemical properties were attributed to the pa.
Ring distribution patterns—diversification or speciation? Comparative phylogeography of two small mammals in the mountains surrounding the Sichuan Basin

Studying the genetic differentiation in a unique geographical area contributes to understanding the process of speciation. Here, we explore the spatial genetic structure and underlying formation mechanism of two congeneric small mammal species (Apodemus draco and A. chevrieri), which are mainly distributed in the mountains surrounding the lowland Sichuan Basin, southwest China. We applied a set of comparative phylogeographical analyses to determine their genetic diversification patterns, combining mitochondrial (Cytb and COI) and nuclear (microsatellite loci) markers, with dense sampling throughout the range (411 A. draco from 21 sites and 191 A. chevrieri from 22 sites). Moreover, we performed three complementary statistical methods to investigate the correlation between genotype and geographical and environmental components, and predicted the potential suitable distributional range under the present and historical climate conditions. Our results suggest that both species have experienced allopatric differentiation and admixture in historical periods, resulting in a ring‐shape diversification, under the barrier effect of the Sichuan Basin. We infer that the tectonic events of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and climatic oscillations during the Quaternary played an important role on the genetic divergence of the two species by providing environmental heterogeneity and geographical variation. Our study reveals a case of two sympatric small mammals following a ring‐shaped diversification pattern and provides insight into the process of differentiation.
Creativity in Haute Cuisine: Strategic Knowledge and Practice in Gourmet Kitchens

Creativity is considered essential because it is the seed for innovation and thus is viewed as key to building a competitive advantage, particularly in the restaurant industry. However, little research has detailed how creativity, as a specific activity, occurs. We investigate creativity in high-end restaurants with a practice-based perspective, which emphasizes the social, situated, relational, material, and perceptual dimensions of creativity. We build on an empirical in-depth study of three French Michelin-starred restaurants to examine the minutiae of creative practices. We show that creativity is organized in space and time and distinguish three types of creative work in gourmet restaurants.
International Journal of Food Engineering Inactivation of Escherichia Coli 0157 : H 7 and Salmonella Enteritidis in Liquid Egg Using Continuous Pulsed Electric Field System

This study sought to evaluate the effect of PEF parameters such as electric field intensity and number of pulses on the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis suspended in liquid whole egg. The medium was inoculated with 108 CFU ml-1 of E. coli O157:H7 or S. Enteritidis and was treated continuously at 10, 20 or 30°C using electric field intensity of either 20 or 30 kV cm-1. A biphasic instant reversal PEF waveform with up to 105 pulses of 2 μs in width was applied. Bacterial inactivation increased with increasing applied electric field intensity, number of pulses and processing temperature. Maximum reductions of 3.9 and 3.6 log cycles were obtained for E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The maximum input energies required to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis were 538 and 914 J, respectively. The higher kinetic value was obtained for S. Enteritidis (0.043 μs-1) representing the more heat–PEF sensitive bacteria compared to E. coli O157:H7.
Comparison of Short-Term Clinical Results and Radiologic Changes Between Two Different Minimally Invasive Decompressive Surgical Methods for Lumbar Canal Stenosis

There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes and radiological changes except for disc height between the lumbar spinous process-splitting laminectomy and trans-interspinous lumbar decompression (TISLD) groups at short-term follow-up. Removal of interspinous contextures in TISLD might be more likely to cause disc height loss when applied at the L4/5 level. Study Design. A multicenter, retrospective study. Objective. To clarify the clinical and radiological effects of removing interspinous contextures in lumbar decompression surgery for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Summary of Background Data. There have seldom been reports that have compared both clinical results and radiological changes among minimally invasive decompression methods. Methods. Consecutive 52 patients underwent lumbar spinous process-splitting laminectomy (LSPSL), following which 50 patients underwent trans-interspinous lumbar decompression (TISLD). All patients presented with cauda equina type of lumbar spinal stenosis and underwent a minimum 1-year follow-up. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) score were evaluated to determine the extent of daily living activities. Propensity score (PS)-matched analysis was used to match patients’ age and preoperative JOA scores between the two groups. Lumbar lordosis (LL), disc height (DH), segmental range of motion (ROM), and vertebral anterior translation were measured by functional lumbar lateral x-ray, and changes between preoperative and 1-year postoperative values were evaluated. Results. Twenty-nine pairs of patients were selected by PS-matching. Mean JOA scores increased from 14.4 to 23.5 (mean recovery rate was 62.3%) in the LSPSL group and from 14.0 to 23.2 (61.3%) in the TISLD group at preoperative and 1-year follow-up, respectively. There were no significant differences in clinical results and changes in LL, ROM, and vertebral anterior translation in each group. The DH at L4/5 level at 1-year after surgery revealed significant decrease in the TISLD group compared with the LSPSL group. There was a correlation between preoperative DH and DH decrease in the LSPSL group, but not in TISLD group. Conclusion. Removal of interspinous contextures did not influence clinical outcomes at 1 year after surgery, but it may be likely to cause disc height loss when it applied at the L4/5 level. Level of Evidence: 3
Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban by General Practitioners　- A Multicenter, Prospective Study in Japanese Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (GENERAL).

BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants have become a standard therapy for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, little is known about their effectiveness/safety when prescribed by general practitioners to treat high-risk populations such as the elderly, those who are frail or have cognitive dysfunction.Methods and Results:In this multicenter, prospective study, a total of 5,717 NVAF patients (mean age 73.9 years) receiving rivaroxaban were registered by general practitioners, with a maximum 3-year follow up (mean 2.0±0.5 years). The primary endpoint was a composite of stroke and systemic embolism (SE). The annual incidence (per 100 person-years) of stroke/SE was 1.23% and for major bleeding, it was 0.63%. Multivariate analyses identified age ≥75 years (hazard ratio [HR]; 2.67, P<0.001) and history of ischemic stroke (HR; 1.89, P=0.005) as significant risk factors of stroke/SE, with history of major bleeding (HR; 14.9, P<0.001) and warfarin use (HR; 2.15, P=0.002) as risk factors for major bleeding events. Neither cognitive dysfunction, defined by the receipt of anti-dementia medications, nor frailty, evaluated by the classification of the Japanese Long-term Care Insurance system, correlated with stroke/SE or major bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS The low incidence of adverse events, including stroke/SE and bleeding, in patients prescribed rivaroxaban by general practitioners supports its use as a safe and efficacious treatment in the standard clinical care of high-risk patient populations.
Studies on manufacturing of topical wound dressings based on nanosilver produced by aqueous molecular solution method

Nanosilver-based wound dressings were manufactured by immersing non-woven fabric material into a nanosilver solution at a concentration of 500 mg/L with an average particle size of 20–25 nm, which was produced by the aqueous molecular solution method using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and chitosan as a stabiliser. The bactericidal activity of the nanosilver-based wound dressings has been assessed on three standard bacterial strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, as well as P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients’ burns. The results showed that these products are effective bactericides against both the standard strains and those isolated from patients’ burns. The effect of the dressings on burn treatment has been investigated using laboratory rabbits. It was proved that for the burn healing, the produced nanosilver-coated wound dressings are as effective as the Chinese Anson's ones.