Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the E1 and E2 Reading Frames of HPV 16 in Cervical Carcinoma Is Associated with Poor Prognosis

SummaryThe E1 and E2 reading frames of 158 cervical carcinoma samples containing human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 were mapped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The reading frames were amplified using primers spanning the entire genes. Of the analyzed samples, 23% showed no amplification with the E1 primers and 29% showed no amplification with the E2 primers. There was an overlap, but not complete identity, between the E1− and E2-disrupted groups. All E1− and E2-negative samples were further analyzed with primers spanning subsections of the E1 and E2 reading frames, which together covered the entire genes. Of the 35 samples negative for EI, 11 were positive in specific amplification of the 3′ end of the E1 gene. Several different subsections of E2 could be amplified from most samples negative for the entire gene (37/46). Five classes of patterns were found, in which either all subsections of the E2 gene or subsections in the 5′, middle, or 3′ end were disrupted. Although a variable pattern of disruption/deletion in the E1-E2 area of the HPV 16 genome was found in cervical carcinoma, the 5′ end disruption was the most common one in both E1 and E2. Patients with carcinomas showing disruptions in E1/E2 had a poorer survival than those without such changes, and E1 disruptions were the most important prognostically.
Incidence and Clinical Impact of Stent Fracture After Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation

Background—Stent fracture (SF) after drug-eluting stent implantation has recently become an important concern because of its potential association with in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. However, the incidence and clinical impact of SF after everolimus-eluting stent implantation remain unclear. Methods and Results—A total of 1035 patients with 1339 lesions undergoing everolimus-eluting stent implantation and follow-up angiography 6 to 9 months after index procedure were analyzed. SF was defined as complete or partial separation of the stent, as assessed by plain fluoroscopy or intravascular ultrasound during follow-up. We assessed the rates of SF and major adverse cardiac events, defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization within 9 months. SF was observed in 39 of 1339 lesions (2.9%) and in 39 of 1035 patients (3.8%). Ostial stent location and lesions with hinge motion, tortuosity, or calcification were independent predictors of SF. The rate of myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization were significantly higher in the SF group than in the non-SF group (5.1% versus 0.4%; P=0.018 and 25.6% versus 2.0%; P<0.001, respectively). Stent thrombosis was more frequently observed in the SF group than in the non-SF group (5.1% versus 0.4%; P=0.018). Major adverse cardiac events within 9 months were significantly higher in the SF group than in the non-SF group (25.6% versus 2.3%; P<0.001). Conclusions—SF after everolimus-eluting stent implantation occurs in 2.9% of lesions and is associated with higher rate of major adverse cardiac events, driven by higher target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis.
Risk Reduction in the New Financial Architecture

Six times in the 1990s-the American banking disaster of 1990-91, the failure of the European monetary grid in 1992, the unanticipated interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve in 1994, the Mexican collapse of 1995, the Asian disaster of 1997, and the Russian default of 1998-the world's financial structure shook. The world's political leaders grew tired of the repeated experience, and they went looking for something that could carry a heavier load-a "new financial architecture. " Some proposals for this new financial architecture, especially the suggestions for restrictions on interbank lending, do imply a willingness to sacrifice efficiency for congruence with a more complicated reality, but most of the blueprints on the table are intellectually inexpensive and leave things too much the way they are.
Autism : Considerations for the Future Education of Children with Autism in Mainstream Schools : Experiences from Research in Ireland Emer Ring

The quality agenda remains at the heart of global education discourse [1]. Including children with special educational needs in mainstream education provision is one of the key tenets of advanced education systems internationally. In particular the inclusion of children with autism presents particular challenges for education systems globally. The future inclusion of children with autism in mainstream education is dependant on the ability of schools to provide quality education for both children with autism and children who do not have autism in the same classroom [2]. In this paper, a theoretical framework for autism is linked to implications for school systems and teachers’ practice in the classroom in providing quality education experiences for children with autism and their peers who do not have autism. This paper is based on research conducted by the author in ten schools in Ireland with forty-two children with autism, aged from three years and nine months to sixteen years and eight months with a range of additional needs ranging from mild to severe to profound general learning disabilities, language delay and challenging behaviour. Data from twenty individual semi-structured interviews with school principals and teachers of children with autism, ten focus-group interviews with other teachers in the schools, photographic classroom data and video-data comprising periods of classroom observation of twenty-six to fifty-four minutes were collected. Individual children's on-task behaviour was determined from the video data through a two-minute time-sampling process. Analysis of the data suggests that children's on-task behaviour is optimised when the following factors are a feature of practice: the physical layout, organisation and environmental stimuli of the classroom are addressed; teaching approaches and strategies consider the visual learning style of children with autism; a range of teaching approaches and strategies is used; the sensory and perceptual differences of children with autism are accommodated and classroom assistant support is effectively managed.
A Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of Retrieved Human Implants With a Wettable, Highly Hydrophilic, Hierarchically Microstructured Surface: A Retrospective Analysis of 14 Implants

Purpose:Analysis of human-retrieved implants provides a unique opportunity to evaluate osseointegration processes. There is evidence that faster bone apposition is present at textured surfaces, with a very high success percentage. Aim of the present retrospective analysis was an evaluation of 14 human retrieved from humans implants with a wettable, highly hydrophilic, microstructured surface. Materials and Methods:The archives of the Implant Retrieval Center of the Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, were searched, and a total of 14 implants FRIADENT plus surface (Dentsply Implants Manufacturing GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) retrieved after a loading period comprised between 4 and 8 weeks were found. Results:Around all implants, newly formed bone was found in direct contact with the implant surface, with no connective fibrous tissue found at the interface. In all implants, no epithelial downgrowth was present. A very high bone-to-implant contact percentage was found. Conclusions:The efficacy of dental implants is related to biological and biomechanical stability and to the integration between the bone and the implant. This integration plays the key role in the fixation and anchoring of the implants.
Practitioner‐level predictors of alcohol problems detection and management activities

The alcohol health services literature suggests that a potential problem with promoting secondary prevention is an existing educational focus on alcohol dependency. Aims: This study explores practitioner‐level predictors of health professionals' self‐reported detection and management activities in an effort to inform this question. Participants: The participants consisted of a random sample of licensed physicians and nurse practitioners in a northern California county. Measurement: Participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire on beliefs and practices regarding patients with alcohol problems and at‐risk drinkers. Findings: The results indicate that prior alcohol education predicted clinical practices to address known or suspected drinking problems, but not those at‐risk or without observable symptoms. In addition, stigmatizing beliefs about problem drinkers discouraged use of blood tests even when awareness of a drinking problem existed. Conclusions: The conclusions are that existing models of alcohol education appear to convey a tertiary focus, and do not cover secondary prevention sufficiently to challenge the deficits and beliefs that discourage early detection and intervention.
Molecules in motion: influences of diffusion on metabolic structure and function in skeletal muscle

Summary Metabolic processes are often represented as a group of metabolites that interact through enzymatic reactions, thus forming a network of linked biochemical pathways. Implicit in this view is that diffusion of metabolites to and from enzymes is very fast compared with reaction rates, and metabolic fluxes are therefore almost exclusively dictated by catalytic properties. However, diffusion may exert greater control over the rates of reactions through: (1) an increase in reaction rates; (2) an increase in diffusion distances; or (3) a decrease in the relevant diffusion coefficients. It is therefore not surprising that skeletal muscle fibers have long been the focus of reaction–diffusion analyses because they have high and variable rates of ATP turnover, long diffusion distances, and hindered metabolite diffusion due to an abundance of intracellular barriers. Examination of the diversity of skeletal muscle fiber designs found in animals provides insights into the role that diffusion plays in governing both rates of metabolic fluxes and cellular organization. Experimental measurements of metabolic fluxes, diffusion distances and diffusion coefficients, coupled with reaction–diffusion mathematical models in a range of muscle types has started to reveal some general principles guiding muscle structure and metabolic function. Foremost among these is that metabolic processes in muscles do, in fact, appear to be largely reaction controlled and are not greatly limited by diffusion. However, the influence of diffusion is apparent in patterns of fiber growth and metabolic organization that appear to result from selective pressure to maintain reaction control of metabolism in muscle.
Assessment of Parkinson's disease: Classification and complexity analysis

In this paper we present a new algorithm to analyze gait patterns of subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) under two conditions of deep brain stimulation (DBS) off and on. Our goal is to study the complexity and predictability of gait of PD subjects in comparison to the gait of normal subjects. At the same time we used the features extracted for this purpose to classify PD subjects with DBS off or on from healthy control subjects. The angular velocity signals obtained from four uni-axial gyroscopes were used for feature extraction. These four gyroscopes were attached to the right and left shanks and thighs. Approximate Entropy (ApEn), Hurst Exponent (HE) and Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD) are the three nonlinear features used for classification. 9 PD subjects and 10 healthy controls were participated in the experiments. The results showed that ApEn and HFD have greater values for PD subjects (with DBS off) indicating more complexity and irregularity in their walking dynamics. Also HE had smaller values for PD subjects (with DBS off) indicating less predictability in their gait time series. The k-nearest neighbor classifier with leave-one-out cross validation method were used for classification and we succeeded to discriminate PD subjects (with DBS off) from the normal ones with the high accuracy of 100%. The accuracy for discrimination of PD subjects with DBS on from the normal ones was 89.47%. Then we analyzed the signals of each single gyroscope, one by one, to find the most informative signal. We achieved the high classification accuracy of 100% (for PD subjects with DBS off) using only the signals of the right shank or the right thigh. It indicates that, among our participants, the signals obtained from the right side of the body are more informative than the left side.
A perfect storm: Converging paths of epilepsy and Alzheimer’s dementia intersect in the hippocampal formation

Seizures in the human temporal lobe transiently impair cognition and steadily damage hippocampal circuitry, leading to progressive memory loss. Similarly, the toxic accumulation of Aβ peptides underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) triggers synaptic degeneration, circuit remodeling, and abnormal synchronization within the same networks. Because neuronal hyperexcitability amplifies the synaptic release of Aβ, seizures create a vicious spiral that accelerates cell death and cognitive decline in the AD brain. The confluence of hyperexcitability and excitotoxicity, combined with the challenge of seizure detection in the human hippocampus, make epilepsy in these individuals extremely important to correctly diagnose and treat. Emerging clinical evidence reveals an elevated comorbidity of epilepsy in AD, particularly when linked to mutations in the APP/Aβ gene pathway. Experimental models in genetically engineered mice confirm and extend these findings, highlighting the presence of subclinical seizures and overlapping pathophysiologic cascades. There is an urgent need for more clinical and basic investigation to improve the early recognition of hippocampal seizures arising during the course of dementing disorders, and to validate molecular blockers of Aβ‐induced aberrant excitability that can slow and potentially reverse the progression of cognitive decline.
Bacterial Small RNA Regulators

Abstract Small regulatory RNAs can modify the activity of proteins and the stability and translation of mRNAs. They have now been found in a wide range of organisms, and can play previously unsuspected critical regulatory roles. The bacterial small RNAs include two major classes. The largest family (with at least 20 members in Escherichia coli K12) acts by basepairing with target mRNAs to modify mRNA translation or stability; this class of RNAs also uses an RNA chaperone protein, Hfq. DsrA is the best-studied example of this family of RNAs. It has been shown to positively regulate translation of the transcription factor RpoS by opening an inhibitory hairpin in the mRNA, and to negatively regulate translation of hns by pairing just beyond the translation initiation codon. The class of RNAs that modify activity of proteins is exemplified by CsrB and CsrC of E. coli, two RNAs that bind to and inhibit CsrA, a protein translational regulator. Homologs of CsrA and related regulatory RNAs have been implicated in the regulation of gluconeogenesis, biofilm formation, and virulence factor expression in plant and human pathogens.
Prostaglandin E2 inhibits the activation of cloned T cell hybridomas.

To minimize complicating interactions inherent in heterogeneous cell populations, we used a panel of cloned murine autoreactive (E8.A1) and antigen-specific (HEL.C10, HEL.B14) T cell hybridomas to examine the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on T cell activation. These T cells secrete interleukin 2 (IL 2) when co-cultured with a cloned population of I region-matched stimulator cells (TA3), or with mitogenic signals in the absence of TA3 stimulator cells. Physiologic concentrations of PGE2 inhibited the induction of IL 2 secretion by the T cell hybridomas tested, when they were activated either by TA3 cells or by mitogenic signals. IL 2 production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by concentrations of PGE2 between 10(-7) and 10(-11) M, with 50% inhibition occurring at 10(-10) M. Pretreatment of the T hybridoma cells with 10(-7) M PGE2 for 1 hr before culture also resulted in marked inhibition of IL 2 secretion. Similar pretreatment of the TA3 cells did not affect their ability to activate the T cell hybridomas. PGE2 at 10(-8) M induced a 30-fold increase in cAMP levels within 25 min of addition to culture of the E8.A1 T cell hybridoma, but caused no significant elevation of cAMP levels in TA3 cells. The direct addition of dibutyryl cAMP (dcAMP) to cultures of E8.A1 cells resulted in marked inhibition of IL 2 secretion when stimulated by TA3 or by mitogenic signals, with an average of 80% inhibition occurring at 10(-4) M dcAMP. PGE2 and dcAMP also inhibited the growth of E8.A1 cells. Initially, cell growth was virtually halted, but began to recover between 24 and 48 hr after the addition of either PGE2 or dcAMP. Neither PGE2 nor dcAMP inhibited the division of TA3 cells. High affinity binding sites for PGE2 were detected in the E8.A1 T cell hybridomas with an apparent Kd of 7.6 X 10(-10) M, which is consistent with the functional data. No specific binding was detected in the TA3 stimulator cells. These findings suggest that the immunosuppressive effects of PGE2 are localized to the T cell, are receptor regulated, and may be mediated by the associated increase of cAMP levels in the T cell hybridomas.
Bioavailability of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of genistein and daidzein in Bcrp1 knockout mice

The dietary polyphenols genistein and daidzein are potent effectors of biological processes. The plasma profile of both isoflavones is governed by the presence of phase II conjugates, mainly glucuronides and sulfates. Breast cancer resistance protein, (ABCG2/BCRP), interacts with genistein and daidzein, which are among the natural substrates of the transporter and competitively inhibit ABCG2-mediated drug efflux. ABCG2/BCRP can also transport glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. In this study we analyzed the plasma levels of aglycones and derived conjugated metabolites, glucuronides and sulfates, after intragastric administration of these isoflavones to wild-type and Bcrp1(-/-) knockout mice. The results show that overall plasmatic profile is mainly governed by sulfate and glucuronide derivatives whose concentration was significantly increased (7-10 fold) in Bcrp1(-/-) mice. The total AUC h nM (0-180 min), as the sum of aglycones, glucuronides and sulfates, was 901±207 in wild-type mice vs 4,988±508 in Bcrp1(-/-) mice after genistein administration (50 mg/kg body weight); 584.3±90 in wild-type mice vs 4,012±612 in Bcrp1(-/-) after daidzein administration (50 mg/kg) and 926±140 in wild-type mice vs 5,174±696 in Bcrp1(-/-) after genistein+daidzein administration (25+25 mg/kg). Therefore, our results indicate a direct and conclusive Bcrp1 efflux action on phase II metabolites of these isoflavones in vivo, and suggest a possible novel concept for ABCG2/BCRP as part of metabolism-driven efflux transport of these conjugates.
Sarcoma after radiation therapy: retrospective multiinstitutional study of 80 histologically confirmed cases. Radiation Therapist and Pathologist Groups of the Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer.

PURPOSE To evaluate the best strategy for treatment of sarcoma that occurs after radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records were retrospectively reviewed for 80 patients with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of sarcoma that occurred after radiation therapy performed during 1975-1995. The patients were treated for breast cancer (n = 33, 42%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 9, 11%), cervical cancer (n = 9, 11%), benign lesions (n = 4, 5%), or other tumors (n = 25, 31%). Sarcoma occurred after a mean latency of 12 years (range, 3-64 years), with most (70%) developing in the soft tissue. Treatment included surgery (28 patients), surgery and chemotherapy (18 patients), chemotherapy only (15 patients), and radiation therapy (14 patients). RESULTS By the end of the study, 51 patients were dead, including 46 due to sarcoma. Median survival was 23 months. Overall survival rates at 2 and 5 years, respectively, were 69% and 39% for patients treated with surgery, 10% and 0% for those treated with chemotherapy, and 52% and 35% for those treated with surgery and chemotherapy (P =.001). The 2- and 5-year rates for survival without recurrence were 54% and 32%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results confirm the beneficial effect of surgery. Further study is needed to explore the roles of combined treatments.
The diverse functions of Krüppel‐like factors 4 and 5 in epithelial biology and pathobiology

The Krüppel‐like factors (KLFs) comprise a family of evolutionarily conserved zinc finger transcription factors that regulate numerous biological processes including proliferation, differentiation, development and apoptosis. KLF4 and KLF5 are two closely related members of this family and are both highly expressed in epithelial tissues. In the intestinal epithelium, KLF4 is expressed in terminally differentiated epithelial cells at the villus borders of the mucosa and inhibits cell growth, while KLF5 is expressed in proliferating epithelial cells at the base of the intestinal crypts and promotes cell growth. KLF4 and KLF5 respond to a myriad of external stress stimuli and are likely involved in restoring cellular homeostasis following exposure to stressors. Confirming their importance in maintaining tissue integrity, KLF4 and KLF5 are both dysregulated in various types of cancer. Here we review the recent advances in defining the physiological and pathobiological roles of KLF4 and KLF5, focusing on their functions in the intestinal epithelium. BioEssays 29:549–557, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel tri-band C-shaped slot loaded microstrip antenna

This paper presents the design and optimization of a probe-fed tri-band C-shaped slot loaded microstrip antenna that can operate in three frequency bands. The proposed antenna operating in the three frequency bands (3.50-3.60 GHz, 4.88-5.23 GHz and 6.46-6.70 GHz) with corresponding resonant frequencies of 3.55 GHz, 5.0 GHz and 6.57 GHz is designed and optimized using FEM based Ansoft HFSS software. By altering the dimensions of C-shaped slot, conventional dual band characteristics can be modified to a triple band characteristics which can support WLAN communication coverage IEEE 802.11j (4.90-5.091 GHz) and others. The proposed antenna features omni-directional characteristics over 3.50-3.60 GHz range and highly directional radiation pattern over 6.46-6.70 GHz range which are used for navigation and remote sensing respectively.
Influencia de la fluctuación de los precios en el efecto Bullwhip. Caso de patrón de demanda final escalonado* Pricing impact over Bullwhip effect. Staggered step demand case

Price fluctuation is a practice commonly used by companies to stimulate demand and a main cause of the Bullwhip effect. Assuming a staggered step demand pattern that responds elastically to retailer's price fluctuation, and by using a supply chain management dynamic model, we will analyse the impact of these fluctuations on the variability of the orders placed along a traditional multilevel supply chain. Subsequently, the results obtained will serve to propose a forecasting model enabling to calculate the potential variability of orders placed by each echelon on the basis of the price pattern used.