Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blind Biobanking of the Prostatectomy Specimen: Critical Evaluation of the Existing Techniques and Development of the New 4‐Level Tissue Extraction Model With High Sampling Efficacy

Fresh tissue is mandatory to perform high‐quality translation studies. Several models for tissue extraction from prostatectomy specimens without guidance by frozen sections are already introduced. However, little is known about the sampling efficacy of these models, which should provide representative tissue in adequate volumes, account for multifocality and heterogeneity of tumor, not violate the routine final pathological examination, and perform quickly without frozen section‐based histological control. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sampling efficacy of the existing tissue extraction models without guidance by frozen sections (“blind”) and to develop an optimized model for tissue extraction.
LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE DEVELOPING RAT: EFFECT ON CORTICAL ONTOGENESIS

The effect of lead intoxication on postnatal cortical ontogenesis was studied in the 30-day-old rat. Lead encephalopathy was induced in developing Long-Evans rats by adding lead carbonate (4% w/w) to the diet of nursing mothers immediately after delivery. A segment of somatosensory neocortex was prepared for light and electron microscopy, and the neurons and the neuropil, including the synapses, were subjected to a morphometric analysis. Lead intoxication resulted in an overall reduction of gray matter which was characterized by an astrocytosis and by the preservation of the neuronal population. However, growth and maturation of the neurons in the lead rats were altered. The neurons were smaller, and, more important, the proliferation of neurite processes in the neuropil was retarded. There was also an apparent reduction in the number of synapses per neuron. However, in terms of its biochemical and morphological features, lead intoxication does not affect the maturation of the synaptic complex. The apparent effect of lead intoxication on cortical development is one of retarded neuronal maturation. This defect in neuronal maturation is proposed to be a reduction in the dendritic field and a concomitant reduction in synaptic connections.
Comparison of a new pmp22 transgenic mouse line with other mouse models and human patients with CMT1A *

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1A is a dominantly inherited demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system. It is most frequently caused by overexpression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), but is also caused by point mutations in the PMP22 gene. We describe a new transgenic mouse model (My41) carrying the mouse, rather than the human, pmp22 gene. The My41 strain has a severe phenotype consisting of unstable gait and weakness of the hind limbs that becomes obvious during the first 3 weeks of life. My41 mice have a shortened life span and breed poorly. Pathologically, My41 mice have a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in which 75% of axons do not have a measurable amount of myelin. We compare the peripheral nerve pathology seen in My41 mice, which carry the mouse pmp22 gene, with previously described transgenic mice over‐expressing the human PMP22 protein and Trembler‐J (TrJ) mice which have a P16L substitution. We also look at the differences between CMT1A duplication patients, patients with the P16L mutation and their appropriate mouse models.
Figures Figure 1 : Tax compliant attitude and GNI per capita Figure 2 : Tax compliant attitude and

In this study, we explore factors that determine citizens’ tax compliance behavior in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa using attitude and perception data from the new round 5 of Afrobarometer surveys. Using a binary logit regression, we find some similarities, but also differences in factors that are correlated with tax compliance attitude in the four countries. An increase in the perception of individuals about the difficulty of evading taxes is found to increase the likelihood of tax compliant attitude in Kenya and South Africa. We also find evidence that individuals who are more satisfied with public service provision are more likely to have a tax compliant attitude in all the four countries. However, frequent payment to non‐state actors, e.g. to criminal gangs in exchange for protection, reduces individual’s tax compliant attitude. Furthermore, those individuals who perceive that their ethnic group is treated unfairly are less likely to have a tax compliant attitude in Tanzania and South Africa. Tax knowledge is also significantly correlated with tax compliant attitude in Tanzania and South Africa. These findings are robust for different econometric specifications.
The Notch Regulator MAML1 Interacts with p53 and Functions as a Coactivator*

Members of the evolutionarily conserved Mastermind (MAM) protein family, including the three related mammalian Mastermind-like (MAML) proteins MAML1–3, function as crucial coactivators of Notch-mediated transcriptional activation. Given the recent evidence of cross-talk between the p53 and Notch signal transduction pathways, we have investigated whether MAML1 may also be a transcriptional coactivator of p53. Indeed, we show here that MAML1 is able to interact with p53. We show that MAML1-p53 interaction involves the N-terminal region of MAML1 and the DNA-binding domain of p53, and we use a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to show that MAML1 is part of the activator complex that binds to native p53-response elements within the promoter of the p53 target genes. Overexpression of wild-type MAML1 as well as a mutant, defective in Notch signaling, enhanced the p53-dependent gene induction in mammalian cells, whereas MAML1 knockdown reduced the p53-dependent gene expression. MAML1 increases the half-life of p53 protein and enhances its phosphorylation/acetylation upon DNA damage of cells. Finally, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the single Caenorhabditis elegans MAML homolog, Lag-3, led to substantial abrogation of p53-mediated germ-cell apoptotic response to DNA damage and markedly reduced the expression of Ced-13 and Egl-1, downstream pro-apoptotic targets of the C. elegans p53 homolog Cep-1. Thus, we present evidence for a novel coactivator function of MAML1 for p53, independent of its function as a coactivator of Notch signaling pathway.
Alterations in expression of genes coding for key astrocytic proteins in acute liver failure

Cerebral edema and hepatic encephalopathy are major complications of acute liver failure. Brain herniation caused by increased intracranial pressure as a result of cell swelling is the major cause of death in this condition. Evidence available currently suggests that the rapid accumulation of ammonia by the brain is the major cause of the central nervous system complications of acute liver failure. Increased brain ammonia may cause cell swelling via the osmotic effects of an increase in astrocytic glutamine concentrations or by inhibition of glutamate removal from brain extracellular space. Acute liver failure results in altered expression of several genes in brain, some of which code for important proteins involved in CNS function such as the glucose (GLUT‐1) and glutamate (GLT‐1) transporters, the astrocytic structural protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) the “peripheral‐type” benzodiazepine receptor (PTBR) and the water channel protein, aquaporin IV. Loss of expression of GLT‐1 results in increased extracellular brain glutamate in acute liver failure. Experimental acute liver failure also results in post‐translational modifications of the serotonin and noradrenaline transporters resulting in increased extracellular concentrations of these monoamines. Therapeutic measures currently used to prevent and treat brain edema and encephalopathy in patients with acute liver failure include mild hypothermia and the ammonia‐lowering agent L‐ornithine‐L‐aspartate. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dosimetry--the absorption properties of man and experimental animals.

THE expanding usage of electromagnetic radiation has necessitated an understanding of its interaction with humans. Such knowledge is vital to evaluate and establish radiation safety standards, to determine definitive hazard levels, and to understand several of the interaction effects reported in the literature.1 The need for research in this area is clearly exemplified by the widely disparate safety levels that are used worldwide at the present time. In the United States the safety level is 10 mW/cm.2 for long-term human exposure at any frequency and regardless of physical environment, whereas the recommended maximum safe power density in Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. is 1,000 times less at a level of 0.01 mW/cm.2 Several countries, including Canada2 and Sweden,3 are in the process of revising their safety standards downward from previously accepted levels of 10 mW/cm.2 Biological studies of the effects of electromagnetic radiation have used laboratory animals such as rats, rabbits, etc. for the study of behavioral and biochemical changes. For these experiments to have any projected meanings for humans, it is necessary to be able to quantify the whole-body power absorption and its distribution for the various irradiation conditions. It is further necessary that dosimetric information be known for humans subjected to irradiation at different frequencies and under realistic exposure conditions. Unlike ionizing radiation, where the absorption cross-section of a biological target is directly related to its geometric cross section, wholebody electromagnetic energy absorption has been shown4-12 to depend strongly on polarization (orientation of electric field E of the incident
Two soluble glycosyltransferases glycosylate less efficiently in vivo than their membrane bound counterparts.

Many Golgi glycosyltransferases are type II membrane proteins which are cleaved to produce soluble forms that are released from cells. Cho and Cummings recently reported that a soluble form of alpha1, 3-galactosyltransferase was comparable to its membrane bound counterpart in its ability to galactosylate newly synthesized glycoproteins (Cho,S.K. and Cummings,R.D. (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272, 13622-13628). To test the generality of their findings, we compared the activities of the full length and soluble forms of two such glycosyltransferases, ss1,4 N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM2/GD2/ GA2 synthase; GalNAcT) and beta galactoside alpha2,6 sialyltransferase (alpha2,6-ST; ST6Gal I), for production of their glycoconjugate products in vivo . Unlike the full length form of GalNAcT which produced ganglioside GM2 in transfected cells, soluble GalNAcT did not produce detectable GM2 in vivo even though it possessed in vitro GalNAcT activity comparable to that of full length GalNAcT. When compared with cells expressing full length alpha2,6-ST, cells expressing a soluble form of alpha2,6-ST contained 3-fold higher alpha2,6-ST mRNA levels and secreted 7-fold greater alpha2,6-ST activity as measured in vitro , but in striking contrast contained 2- to 4-fold less of the alpha2,6-linked sialic acid moiety in cellular glycoproteins in vivo . In summary these results suggest that unlike alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase the soluble forms of these two glycosyltransferases are less efficient at glycosylation of membrane proteins and lipids in vivo than their membrane bound counterparts.
Phagocytosis of staphylococci by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is enhanced in the presence of endothelial cells

The role of various surfaces in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was studied. Uptake of both opsonized and unopsonized staphylococci on the surface of a monolayer of human venous endothelial cells was compared with uptake on an inert plastic surface, with an assay that uses radiolabeled bacteria. Uptake of unopsonized S. aureus was threefold higher on the endothelial cell surface than on the plastic surface and was followed by efficient killing of the phagocytosed staphylococci. Uptake of unopsonized S. aureus on endothelial cells was not inhibited by treatment of the PMN with pronase or 2-deoxy-D-glucose and was only partially inhibited by cytochalasin B treatment of the PMN. The supporting effect of endothelial cells on the phagocytosis of unopsonized S. aureus was not due to opsonization of the bacteria by immunoglobulin or complement from the endothelial cell surface, nor to coating with fibronectin.
Thermal design of multi-layered composite pipelines for deep water oil and gas production

This paper addresses the technological challenges in the thermal design of multi-layer composite pipelines for offshore production of oil and gas in deep waters. An overview is provided for the flow assurance requirements, the thermal insulation systems and active heating of pipelines. A basic framework of thermal design is presented that consists of steady-state and transient heat-transfer analysis of multi-layered composite pipelines. Under some simplifying hypotheses, the thermal profile of the produced fluid along the pipeline is given by an analytical solution. Transient heat-transfer during a cold-down of a typical pipeline for deep water oil and gas production is simulated by numerical solution of conjugate heat-transfer in the solid and energy transport in the fluid.
Learning from feedback training data at a self-paced brain–computer interface

Inherent changes that appear in brain signals when transferring from calibration to feedback sessions are a challenging but critical issue in brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. While previous studies have mostly focused on the adaptation of classifiers, in this paper we study the feasibility and the importance of the adaptation of feature extraction in a self-paced BCI paradigm. First, we conduct calibration and feedback training on able-bodied naïve subjects using a new self-paced motor imagery BCI including the idle state. The online results suggest that the feature space constructed from calibration data may become ineffective during feedback sessions. Hence, we propose a new supervised method that learns from a feedback session to construct a more appropriate feature space, on the basis of the maximum mutual information principle between feedback signal, target signal and EEG. Specifically, we formulate the learning objective as maximizing a kernel-based mutual information estimate with respect to the spatial-spectral filtering parameters. We then derive a gradient-based optimization algorithm for the learning task. An experimental study is conducted using offline simulation. The results show that the proposed method is able to construct effective feature spaces to capture the discriminative information in feedback training data and, consequently, the prediction error can be significantly reduced using the new features.
Overvoltage Protection of Shunt-Capacitor Banks Using MOV Arresters

This paper evaluates using metal-oxide-varistor (MOV) surge arresters to protect shunt-capacitor banks from overvoltages. Protection requirements and surge arrester duties are analyzed for both lightning transients and switching-surge overvoltages, using both digital and transient network analyzer (TNA) simulations. Simple analytical expressions are developed for evaluating arrester duty as a function of capacitor bank size. Guidelines and limitations for applying arresters at grounded-and ungrounded-wye capacitor banks are developed based on overvoltage characteristics and arrester capabilities.
Patterns of regulatory activity across diverse human cell types predict tissue identity, transcription factor binding, and long-range interactions

Regulatory elements recruit transcription factors that modulate gene expression distinctly across cell types, but the relationships among these remains elusive. To address this, we analyzed matched DNase-seq and gene expression data for 112 human samples representing 72 cell types. We first defined more than 1800 clusters of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) with similar tissue specificity of DNase-seq signal patterns. We then used these to uncover distinct associations between DHSs and promoters, CpG islands, conserved elements, and transcription factor motif enrichment. Motif analysis within clusters identified known and novel motifs in cell-type-specific and ubiquitous regulatory elements and supports a role for AP-1 regulating open chromatin. We developed a classifier that accurately predicts cell-type lineage based on only 43 DHSs and evaluated the tissue of origin for cancer cell types. A similar classifier identified three sex-specific loci on the X chromosome, including the XIST lincRNA locus. By correlating DNase I signal and gene expression, we predicted regulated genes for more than 500K DHSs. Finally, we introduce a web resource to enable researchers to use these results to explore these regulatory patterns and better understand how expression is modulated within and across human cell types.
Iron and contact with host cells induce expression of adhesins on surface of Trichomonas vaginalis

The proteins AP65, AP51, AP33 and AP23 synthesized by Trichomonas vaginalis organisms in high iron play a role in adherence. Multigene families encode enzymes of the hydrogenosome organelles, which have identity to adhesins. This fact raises questions regarding the compartmentalization of the proteins outside the organelle and about the interactions of adhesins with host cells. Data here demonstrate the presence of the proteins outside the organelle under high‐iron conditions. Fluorescence and immuno‐cytochemical experiments show that high‐iron‐grown organisms coexpressed adhesins on the surface and intracellularly in contrast with low‐iron parasites. Furthermore, the AP65 epitopes seen by rabbit anti‐AP65 serum that blocks adherence and detects surface proteins were identified, and a mAb reacting to those epitopes recognized the trichomonal surface. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblot of adhesins from surface‐labelled parasites provided evidence that all members of the multigene family were co‐ordinately expressed and placed on the trichomonal surface. Similar two‐dimensional analysis of proteins from purified hydrogenosomes obtained from iodinated trichomonads confirmed the specific surface labelling of proteins. Contact of trichomonads with vaginal epithelial cells increased the amount of surface‐expressed adhesins. Moreover, we found a direct relationship between the levels of adherence and amount of adhesins bound to immortalized vaginal and ureter epithelial cells, further reinforcing specific associations. Finally, trichomonads of MR100, a drug‐resistant isolate absent in hydrogenosome proteins and adhesins, were non‐adherent. Overall, the results confirm an important role for iron and contact in the surface expression of adhesins of T. vaginalis organisms.
An Intersectional Analysis to Explaining a Lack of Physical Activity Among Middle Class Black Women

In this essay, I make the case that the intersectionality framework is useful to explain the high level of obesity among Black women. I describe how the intersectionality framework reformulates the examination of racial and gender disparities in health by deconstructing traditional frames of Whiteness and maleness. Next, I discuss key barriers that operate as mechanisms to reduce Black women’s level of physical activity. Then, I provide ways to potentially combat these barriers. In doing so, I argue that being physically active is a privilege rooted in how race, place, gender, and body image converge differently on Black women’s propensity to be physically active than other raced and gendered groups. Middle class Black women are excluded from class-based privileges and experience a form of space invasion where their temporal space, geographic space, and bodily space are invaded. In this regard, this research agenda is not solely about physical activity but rather how the structural arrangements of communities contribute to healthy lifestyles.
AAS-Maps: Aging-aware sensitivity-maps for reliability driven analog circuit design

Analog design is facing new challenges as reliability requirements are increasingly moving into focus for target specifications. Methods providing a degradation-aware design flow exist, but mostly involve algorithmic optimization and lack of computational efficiency and circuit insight. This paper proposes the use of aging-aware sensitivity maps generated by operating point-dependent degradation within the gm/Id scheme. Sensitivity values proof to be a good measure for circuit degradation. Different designs of a common source amplifier structure are investigated by comparing aging sensitivities and simulated degradation. The results show that in opposition to existing methods this technique enables aging-aware design during design phase with comparatively low computational effort.
Ceramic patch antenna for high temperature applications

For a high-temperature stable SAW device, serving as both an RFID-tag and a temperature sensor, a hermetic case has to be provided to protect the SAW device from moisture, contaminations and harsh environments. Furthermore, for wireless readout a high-temperature stable antenna has to be connected to the SAW device. In order to fulfil both purposes adequately an alumina based ceramic package was designed accordingly and successfully tested up to 400degC
The microvacuolar system: how connective tissue sliding works

The term ‘fascia’ has been applied to a large number of very different tissues within the hand. These range from aligned ligamentous formations such as the longitudinal bands of the palmar fascia or Grayson’s and Cleland’s ligaments, to the loose packing tissues that surround all of the moving structures within the hand. In other parts of the body the terms ‘superficial’ and ‘deep fascia’ are often used but these have little application in the hand and fingers. Fascia can be divided into tissues that restrain motion, act as anchors for the skin, or provide lubrication and gliding. Whereas the deep fascia is preserved and easily characterized in anatomical dissection, the remaining fascial tissue is poorly described. Understanding its structure and dynamic anatomy may help improve outcomes after hand injury and disease. This review describes the sliding tissue of the hand or the ‘microvacuolar system’ and demonstrates how movement of tissues can occur with minimal distortion of the overlying skin while maintaining tissue continuity.
Augmented nuclease activity during cellular senescence in vitro

The molecular correlates of the limited proliferative potential of normal human diploid fibroblasts and extensive single‐strand braks in the genomic DNA of these cells were examined by transfection analyses in which DNA replication could be uncoupled from DNA damage and repair. Both supercoiled (fmI), and restriction endonuclease‐cleaved, linear (fmIII) molecules of a well‐defined bacterial plasmid DNA, pBR322, were transfected into, and subsequently recovered from, early and late passage fibroblasts. Southern blot analysis revealed that fmI DNA was converted by random nicks into fmII DNA slightly more rapidly in late passage cells compared with cells at early passage. Similarly, fmII and fmIII DNAs also sustained multiple random nicks and no appreciable net religation of free ends of fmIII DNA could be detected at either passage. In addition, the efficiency of in vitro ligation of fmIII DNA recovered from late passage cells was also reduced, compared with that from early passage cells, as determined by Southern blotting. These data suggest that in the absence of DNA replication, a putative nuclease activity may contribute to DNA damage observed in senescent cells, which, in turn, may be causally related to their limited replicative potential.