Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENHANCEMENT OF CLOUD RESOURCES SECURITY USING VERIFICATION CODE

Cloud computing security or simply cloud security refers to a broad set of policies, technologies and controls deployed to protect data application and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing. The aim of this work was to address and minimize the problem of unauthorized access to information and applications on the cloud with the use of verification code, this project is targeted towards protecting user’s privacy and also preserving the integrity of their information and also the integrity of the Cloud Environment. The work was accomplished with the creation of user registration phase, user login and authentication phase and password change and verification code change phase, this was accomplished with the use of certain tools such as PHP, JQuery, MySQL Database, Ajax, HTML5 and CSS. A system using an integrated development environment was developed and security was installed in the system using htdocs and htaccess which helps to prevent against IP address filtering, URL address switching and removes the channel of SQL injection.
Title The western Qaidam Basin as a potential Martian environmentalanalogue : an overview

The early Martian environment is interpreted as warmer and wetter, before a significant change in its global climatic conditions irreversibly led to the current hyperarid environments. This transition is one of the most intriguing processes of Martian history. The extreme climatic change is preserved in the salt deposits, desiccated landscapes, and geomorphological structures that were shaped by the evaporation of water. However, until a manned journey to Mars is feasible, many Martian materials, morphological structures, and much of its evolutionary history will continue to be poorly understood. In this regard, searching and investigating Martian analogues are still meaningful. To find an Earth environment with a whole set of Martian structures distributed at a scale comparable to Mars is even more important to test landing crafts and provide optimized working parameters for rovers. The western Qaidam Basin in North Tibetan Plateau is such a Martian analogue. The area harbors one of the most extreme hyperarid environments on Earth and contains a series of ancient lakes that evaporated at different evolutionary stages during the rise of the Tibetan Plateau. Large quantities of salts and geomorphological features formed during the transition of warmer-and-wet to colder-and-dry conditions provide unique references to study the modern Martian surface and interpret the orbital data. We present numerous similarities and results of investigations that suggest the Qaidam Basin as a potential analogue to studymodern geomorphic processes on Mars, and suggest that this is an essential site to test future Mars sample return missions. Plain Language Summary Martian evolutionary history is reflected in its landscape and geomorphological features, indicating that despite the extreme current hyperarid conditions, liquid water flowed on its surface well over 3.9 billion years ago. Despite the great amount of data available today, unless the geomorphological features can be studied in situ, we still need analogues here on Earth to better understand the dramatic climatic change on Mars and if the current conditions are suitable for microbial life to exist. We propose that the Qaidam Basin, in northwestern Tibetan Plateau, is a potential Martian analogue that can give us insight to unfold clues to study the Martian modern environments. The Qaidam Basin is the highest desert on Earth and harbors very similar extreme conditions that those on Mars today. We present our results from expeditions to the Qaidam Basin and compare them with Martian equivalents. The similarities between the Qaidam Basin and Mars are described in a context that suggest that this area is an essential site to test future Mars exploration missions.
WeBuildAI: Participatory Framework for Fair and Efﬁcient Algorithmic Governance

Algorithms increasingly govern societal functions, impacting multiple stakeholders and social groups. How can we design these algorithms to balance varying interests and promote social welfare? As one response to this question, we present We-BuildAI, a social-choice based framework that enables people to collectively build algorithmic policy for their communities. The framework consists of three steps: (i) Individual belief elicitation on governing algorithmic policy, (ii) voting-based collective belief aggregation, and (iii) explanation and decision support. We applied this framework to an efﬁcient yet fair matching algorithm that operates an on-demand food donation transportation service. Over the past year, we have worked closely with the service’s stakeholders to design and evaluate the framework through a series of studies and a workshop. We offer insights on belief elicitation methods and show how participation inﬂuences perceptions of governing institutions and administrative algorithmic decision-making.
Short-term variability of a sample of 29 trans-Neptunian objects and Centaurs

Aims. We attempt to increase the number of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) whose short-term variability has been studied and compile a high quality database with the least possible biases, which may be used to perform statistical analyses. Methods. We performed broadband CCD photometric observations using several telescopes (the 1.5 m telescope at Sierra Nevada Observatory, the 2.2 m Calar Alto telescope and the 2.5 m INT on La Palma). Results. We present the results of 6 years of observations, reduced and analyzed with the same tools in a systematic way. We report completely new data on 15 objects, for 5 objects we present a new analysis of previously published results plus additional data and for 9 objects we present a new analysis of data already published. Lightcurves, possible rotation periods, and photometric amplitudes are reported for all of them. The photometric variability is smaller than previously thought: the mean amplitude of our sample is 0.1 mag and only around 15% of our sample has a larger variability than 0.15 mag. The smaller variability seems to be caused by a bias of previous observations. We find a very weak trend of faster spinning objects towards smaller sizes, which appears to be consistent with the smaller objects being more collisionally evolved, but may also be a specific feature of the Centaurs, the smallest objects in our sample. We also find that the smaller the objects, the larger their amplitude, which is also consistent with the idea that small objects are more collisionally evolved and thus more deformed. Average rotation rates from our work are 7.5 h for the whole sample, 7.6 h for the TNOs alone and 7.3 h for the Centaurs. Maxwellian fits to the period distribution yield similar results.
A Comparative Study of Software Testing Techniques Viz. White Box Testing Black Box Testing and Grey Box Testing

Testing can never completely identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a reproach or evaluation that compares the state and behaviour of the product against principles or mechanisms by which someone might recognize a problem. These predictions may include specifications, conventions , comparable products, past versions of the same product, inferences about intended or expected purpose, user or customer expectations, relevant standards, applicable laws, or other criteria.Software testing is important term for the reliability of software. Testing provides the genuine structure and validity to the software for the efficient performance in the operational condition. In this paper an outline of the software testing is being provided and emphasis is also given for its role in the reliability of software with comparative effort.
Systemic Risk in China’s Interbank Lending Market

We estimate an interbank lending distribution matrix, and then assume that the bankruptcy of a bank triggers a series of losses and other bank bankruptcies to establish an interbank bankruptcy chain network. We then analyze this network using the hyperlink-induced topic search (HITS) algorithm and identify the level of systemic risk. The empirical results show that there is no risk of systemic contagion in the interbank lending market in China. From the perspective of the lending market, China’s banking system is a network composed of core banks including the Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Level II banks including the Construction Bank of China, the Agricultural Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, the National Development Bank, and the Industrial Bank, and numerous Level III banks. Considering the influence of the entrance of nonbanking institutions into the interbank lending market, it is found that innovative online financial products have weakened interbank lending relationships to some extent and reduced the possibility of collective collapse caused by relation among banks in a crisis, and have thus facilitated risk diversification.
ON THE DESIGN OF MEMBRANES WITH INCREASING FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY

By means of a relaxation approach, we study the shape design of a stiff inclusion with given area in a membrane in order to maximize its fun- damental frequency. As an eigenvalue control problem, the fundamental frequency is a concave function of the control, which is not described by the membrane shape, but by an element in a function space. First order optimality conditions allow to describe the optimal shape by means of a free boundary value problem.
Isolation and Identification of Antibacterial Compound from Marine Endophytic Actinomycetes against Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria

In present investigation, the antibacterial activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes (EA) isolated from mangrove plant of Avicennia marina in Muthupet Mangrove region, South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The EA were isolated from Actnomycetes Isolation Agar (AIA) plate method after surface sterilization. After isolation, all the strains were detected their antibacterial activity against Multi Drug Resistant Uropathogens (MDRU) by conventional cross streak method. Further, the active strain was selected and crude extract was purified with various solvent by liquid-liquid extraction method. Then, the active solvent was chosen for further purification for antibacterial compound against selected MDRU including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeroginosa), K. Pnumoniae(K. pneumonia) and Enterobactersp. In result, the 100 strains of EA were showed white, creamy, powdery growth of the colony after surface steriliztation. The validation of surface sterilized water proved that the isolates were emerged from internal tissue of the plant, refereed as endophytes. Among the 100 strains, 10 strains were exhibited better antogonistic activity against selected MDRU strains. Based on the antogonistic activity, the excellent antibacterial activity of NM 5 was chosen for further study. The antibacterial potential of the NM 5 crude extract was purified by ethyl acetate extract and showed excellent inhibition activity 22, 17, 18, 20, and 16 mm against E . coli, P. aeroginosa, K. pneumoniaandEnterobactersp, were observed respectively. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the purified crude extract were showed excellent inhibitory activity at 100 μg/ml against selected uropathogens. This concentration was used for further studies like antifungal, anti-cancer, anti-biofilm and larvicidal activity.
The Effects of Dopamine Antagonists on Sham and Real Feeding of Sucrose Solutions: Are Peripheral Dopamine Receptors Implicated?

The present thesis examined the relative contribution of dopamine (DA) receptors in the brain and periphery in the control of sucrose intake. Intraperitoneal (ip) administration of pimozide, an antagonist at peripheral and brain DA receptors, suppressed both sham and real sucrose intake in a dose-related manner. In contrast, ip injections of the peripheral DA antagonist domperidone affected neither sham nor real sucrose intake. The inability of domperidone to influence sucrose intake did not result from a lack of biological activity because doses of domperidone that did not alter sucrose intake significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion. The results indicate that central, but not peripheral DA receptors are involved in the control of feeding of sucrose solutions and that sham sucrose intake appears to be more sensitive to disruption of DA activity than real sucrose intake.
Does Vitamin D Level Effect the Response to Intravitreal Ranibizumab Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema ?

Vitamin D deficiency is considered as an independent risk factor for retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). We investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels and response to intravitreal ranibizumab injection indicated for diabetic macular edema. The records of 34 naive patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic edema who underwent three intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (1 mg each injection) administered on day 0, month 1 and month 2 were analyzed. Anthropometric data, serum HbA1c, 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, C reactive protein (CRP) and (total and high density) lipoprotein cholesterol levels were collected. All subjects underwent standardized ophthalmic evaluation at baseline and at month 1, 2 and 3 including visual acuity (VA) measurement and imaging with ocular coherence tomography (OCT) evaluating changes in central retinal thickness (CRT). Stereocolour fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography was performed to evaluate macular edema and exclude patients with proliferative retinopathy. Twenty-nine study participants had a deficient or insufficient level of serum 25-OHD concentration (less than 50 nmol/l). There was no statistically significant relationship between serum 25-OHD, parathyroid hormone, calcium levels and (anatomical or functional) success of the treatment. Serum phosphorus levels positively correlated with anatomical success (p<0.05). High levels of HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with anatomical (CRT) and functional (VA) success rates consecutively (p<0.05). The ranibizumab schedule resulted in a continuous improvement in mean BCVA and CRT (p<0.05). The levels of 25-OHD does not seem to affect the success rates of ranibizimab administered intravitreally for the treatment of DME. However most of the participants (85.2%) had deficient of insufficient levels of 25-OHD. Thus randomized controlled studies are required to demonstrate that 25-OHD supplementation in diabetics with macular edema will lead to improved outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab therapy.
A new species of Typhonia from the Ligurian Alps (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

Typhonia lailae sp. n. is described on basis of samples from the Ligurian Alps (NW Italy). The new species is a member of the Typhonia ciliaris-melana complex and though it seems closest to T. melana (= beatricis ) by the thick antennae of the female, DNA-barcode analysis places it nearest to T. ciliaris.
Alcohol metabolism and health hazards associated with alcohol abuse in a South African context: a review

Abstract The World Health Organization recently stated that alcohol consumption is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and that intakes are increasing, especially in developing countries. Alcohol-related effects are major threats to global public health. There is growing recognition of an association between alcohol abuse and a host of health and social problems in many parts of the world. In South Africa, a developing country with a rapidly growing economy, available evidence shows that alcohol is a leading risk factor for mortality and morbidity, and hence a significant contributor to the burden of disease. The observed pattern of binge drinking of about a third of South African drinkers is of concern. In addition to physical dependence on alcohol, other psychological, genetic and social factors may contribute to the development of alcohol-related diseases. To develop a relevant, integrated and coherent strategy to address alcohol use, misuse and abuse in South Africa, we need a much better understanding of the metabolism of alcohol, and how the metabolic products and changes associated with alcohol abuse ultimately lead to biological health hazards. This review offers a broad understanding of the metabolism of alcohol and the biological health hazards associated with its abuse. Levels of foetal alcohol syndrome in South Africa are the highest ever recorded, and hence this review will separately address teratogenic effects associated with abuse.
Relative influence of resident species and environmental variation on community assembly

Prior residence by a species can affect subsequent community assembly. However, previous studies insulated their focal communities from additional sources of variation, and the role of resident species in the context of environmental heterogeneity is rarely considered. If environmental and resident species effects act independently, then each should be broadly predictable, and their contribution to community assembly should be quantifiable in relation to each other. Alternatively, if effects interact, their combination may explain more of the differences in com munities than the additive influence of each alone. We estimated the effects of a common, early-colonising resident (the encrusting bryozoan Hippopodina iririkiensis) on community assembly relative to substrate orientation. Some species showed complex responses in association with orientation, with positive responses in one orientation, negative in the other. Variation in orientation explained the majority of variation in overall community assembly. Variation among the panels holding replicates of our resident species, a blocking factor in the analysis, permitted us to consider small-scale spatial variation. Abundances responded to resident species effects but interacted with spatial variation: the impact of the resident species on community assembly varied with orientation and space. Functional groups showed similarly idiosyncratic responses to the prior resident. Overall, we found that resident species effects were weak relative to the effects of environmental variation on community assembly. Furthermore, those resident species effects that we did detect were inconsistent across environments, suggesting that this species has little predictable influence on community assembly. Environmental variation may be an important contributor and requires more widespread consideration to better understand how resident species effects act in nature.
The Opinions of the Turkish Teacher Candidates about the Webquest.

Webquest, first introduced by Dodge in 1995, is a research and inquiry tool that uses the Internet as a resource. The interest of the students regarding the characteristics is included in the related literature according to the researches made. There is a need for studies to be regarded by the teacher candidates for the webquests regarded by the teachers and students. The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of Turkish teacher candidates who have knowledge about Webquest and have designed the Webquest about the Webquest and the difficulties they faced in Webquest design process. For this purpose, an interpretive basic qualitative research patterns was used in the research. The study group of the research consisted of 46 teacher candidates. The study group is composed of teacher candidates who have knowledge about the Webquest and designed Webquest before the interview. Semi-structured interview form was applied to collect data in the research. In analyzing the data, both content and descriptive analysis techniques were used together. As a result of the research, it has been found that the teacher candidates think that the webquests have many advantages for both students and the teachers, as well as there are some limitations in Webquests, and they have experienced various difficulties in the Webquest designing process, focusing on Internet resources.
Verification of the reflective model of first order factorsfor reward and empowerment constructs based on questionnaires derived from Lawler et al. (1991)

Purpose: High involvement practices have traditionally been classified in four main categories: training, communication, rewards and empowerment. In order to measure the degree of implementation of these programs, different questionnaires have been developed. In this paper, we have identified 3 types of questionnaires and we have deeply analyzed the psychometrical properties of one of these types: questionnaires derived from Lawler et al. (1991). The most recent investigation seems to show that psychometrical properties of both training and communication constructs are appropriate. However, it is necessary to work on rewards and empowerment scales. This research analyzes, by means of confirmatory factorial, two reflective measurement models, already present in the previous literature of rewards and empowerment scales. Design/methodology/approach: Spanish samples from 1997 (n=105), as well as United States ones (n=212 dating 1996 and n=143 dating 1999) have been used. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested. Findings and Originality/value: None of the models presents and acceptable adjustment in the used samples. Therefore, a possible future line of investigation in order to check whether the measurement model of rewards and empowerment constructs is formative instead of reflective, has been opened. Practical implications: Practitioners can profit from the results of this research because questionnaires validity will allow companies to have measurement and good practices diagnosis tools that can be used either for internal benchmarking or for the comparison with reference groups of companies. Originality/value: Our paper identifies three questionnaire typologies used in the field of investigations of rewards and empowerment practices. We show that the point of view with which the scales of theses questionnaires have been treated has always been reflective. Moreover, this is one of the few papers that have checked the validity of the measurement model of questionnaires derived from Lawler et al. (1991). It questions the validity of a single questionnaire with similar samples, of different years, and simultaneously, with samples from same years but from different countries.
Enhanced proliferation of pre-osteoblastic cells by dynamic piezoelectric stimulation

This work reports on the influence of the polarization of electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, on the biological response of cells cultivated under static and dynamic conditions. Non-poled and “poled +” β-PVDF with and without a titanium layer were thus prepared. A thin titanium layer was deposited on PVDF films in order to obtain a more homogeneous surface charge. The MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell culture exhibited different responses in the presence of PVDF films. The positively charged β-PVDF films promote higher osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, which is higher under dynamic conditions on poled samples, showing that the surface charge under mechanical stimulation improves the osteoblast growth. Therefore, electroactive membranes and scaffolds can provide the necessary electrical stimuli for the growth and proliferation of specific cells.
Influence of fat content on quality of cow's milk

The aim of the study was to verify whether changes in the percentage of fat in highly selected cows produce variations in the physical structure of the fat and changes in milk composition. Individual milk was sampled from 50 cows. Fat was evaluated in each individual in order to create two groups of animals with lower and higher percentage. The group with higher fat content showed a significantly larger diameter of the fat globules, less C14:0 and more C16:1. In conclusion the diameter variations observed result in few changes in milk fatty acid composition, thus maintaining a consistent nutritional quality.