Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exogenous glucose oxidation during exercise in endurance-trained and untrained subjects.

To investigate the effect of training status on the fuel mixture used during exercise with glucose ingestion, seven endurance-trained cyclists (Tr; maximum O2 uptake 67 +/- 2.3 ml.kg-1.min-1) and eight untrained subjects (UTr; 48 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1) were studied during 120 min of exercise at approximately 60% maximum O2 uptake. At the onset of exercise, 8 ml.kg-1.min-1 of an 8% naturally enriched [13C]glucose solution was ingested and 2 ml/kg every 15 min thereafter. Energy expenditure was higher in Tr subjects compared with UTr subjects (3,404 vs. 2,630 kJ; P < 0.01). During the second hour, fat oxidation was higher in Tr subjects (37 +/- 2 g) compared with UTr subjects (23 +/- 1 g), whereas carbohydrate oxidation was similar (116 +/- 8 g in Tr subjects vs. 114 +/- 4 g in UTr subjects). No differences were observed in exogenous glucose oxidation (50 +/- 2 g in Tr subjects and 45 +/- 3 g in UTr subjects, respectively). Peak exogenous glucose oxidation rates were similar in the two groups (0.95 +/- 0.07 g/min in Tr subjects and 0.96 +/- 0.03 g/min in UTr subjects). It is concluded that the higher energy expenditure in Tr subjects during exercise at the same relative exercise intensity is entirely met by a higher rate of fat oxidation without changes in the rates of exogenous and endogenous carbohydrates.
La neutralidad de la política económica en los modelos de expectativas racionales

La formidable repercusion que la Teoria general de la ocupacion, el in teres y el dinero de Keynes produjo sobre el analisis economico y la practica de la economia se debio principalmente a la idea de que el nivel de produccion y empleo esta determinado por la magnitud de la demanda agregada de bienes y servicios y que el Estado puede regular esta por medio de la politica monetaria y/o la fiscal. Esta idea acabo con una antigua y venerada tradicion en el pensamiento economico que sostenia la neutralidad de la politica economica1 respecto a los niveles de produccion y empleo. La "revolucion keynesiana" consistio precisa mente en haber impuesto una nueva ortodoxia basada en el concepto de potencialidad o no neutralidad de la politica economica para alcanzar determinados objetivos de empleo y produccion. La preocupacion central de Keynes al proponer estas politicas era eliminar el desempleo masivo que padecia el mundo capitalista en los anos treinta; sin embargo, aun cuando este objetivo fue razonablemente alcanzado debido a las condiciones objetivas de la posguerra y en parte a las politicas intervencionistas de tipo keynesiano, la nocion de poten cialidad de la politica economica continuo siendo el fundamento teorico para la intervencion del Estado como regulador de la demanda agregada. Ahora, no obstante, la politica economica fue concebida como un sistema de contrapesos a las variaciones espontaneas de la economia que permi tiera evitar las fluctuaciones no deseadas. Asi, estas politicas podrian dominar los ciclos economicos y mantener una razonable estabilidad de ios precios, la produccion y el empleo. Debido a los objetivos que se les asignaban estas politicas de administracion de la demanda global han sido indiferentemente llamadas politicas de estabilizacion, anticiclicas, compensadoras o de "ajustes finos". El consenso keynesiano en materia de politica economica se galvanizo aun mas cuando a fines de los anos cincuenta aparecio publicado el
The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Psoriasis: Results and Insights From the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study

Background: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory, debilitating, systemic disease with a great impact on healthcare systems worldwide. As targeted therapies have transformed the therapeutic landscape, updated estimates of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) imposed by psoriasis are necessary in order to evaluate the effects of past health care policies and to orient and inform new national and international healthcare strategies. Methods: Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 study, which collates a systematic review of relevant scientific literature, national surveys, claims data, and primary care sources on the prevalence of psoriasis. Prevalence data were combined with disability weight (DW) to yield years lived with disability (YLDs). Measures of burden at global, regional, and national levels were generated for incidence, prevalence, and YLDs, due to psoriatic disease. All measures were reported as absolute numbers, percentages, and crude and age-adjusted rates per 100,000 persons. In addition, psoriasis burden was assessed by socio-demographic index (SDI). Findings: According to the GBD 2019 methodology, there were 4,622,594 (95% uncertainty interval or UI 4,458,904–4,780,771) incident cases of psoriasis worldwide in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate in 2019 was 57.8 (95% UI 55.8–59.7) per 100,000 people. With respect to 1990, this corresponded to a decrease of 20.0% (95% UI −20.2 to −19.8). By sex, the age-standardized incidence rate was similar between men [57.8 (95% UI 55.8–59.8) per 100,000 people] and women [(57.8 (95% UI 55.8–59.7) per 100,000 people]. With respect to 1990, this corresponded to a decrease by 19.5% (95% UI −19.8 to −19.2) and by 20.4% (95% UI −20.7 to −20.2) for men and women, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 persons was found to vary widely across geographic locations. Regionally, high-income countries and territories had the highest age-standardized incidence rate of psoriasis [112.6 (95% UI 108.9–116.1)], followed by high-middle SDI countries [69.4 (95% UI 67.1–71.9)], while low SDI countries reported the lowest rate [38.1 (95% UI 36.8–39.5)]. Similar trends were detected for prevalence and YLDs. Conclusion: In general, psoriasis burden is greatest in the age group of 60–69 years, with a relatively similar burden among men and women. The burden is disproportionately greater in high-income and high SDI index countries of North America and Europe. With advances in psoriasis therapeutics, objective evaluation of psoriasis disease burden is critical to track the progress at the population level.
Constraints on Viral Evolution during Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Arising from a Common-Source Exposure

ABSTRACT Extraordinary viral sequence diversity and rapid viral genetic evolution are hallmarks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Viral sequence evolution has previously been shown to mediate escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and neutralizing antibody responses in acute HCV infection. HCV evolution continues during chronic infection, but the pressures driving these changes are poorly defined. We analyzed plasma virus sequence evolution in 5.2-kb hemigenomes from multiple longitudinal time points isolated from individuals in the Irish anti-D cohort, who were infected with HCV from a common source in 1977 to 1978. We found phylogenetically distinct quasispecies populations at different plasma time points isolated late in chronic infection, suggesting ongoing viral evolution and quasispecies replacement over time. We saw evidence of early pressure driving net evolution away from a computationally reconstructed common ancestor, known as Bole1b, in predicted CTL epitopes and E1E2, with balanced evolution toward and away from the Bole1b amino acid sequence in the remainder of the genome. Late in chronic infection, the rate of evolution toward the Bole1b sequence increased, resulting in net neutral evolution relative to Bole1b across the entire 5.2-kb hemigenome. Surprisingly, even late in chronic infection, net amino acid evolution away from the infecting inoculum sequence still could be observed. These data suggest that, late in chronic infection, ongoing HCV evolution is not random genetic drift but rather the product of strong pressure toward a common ancestor and concurrent net ongoing evolution away from the inoculum virus sequence, likely balancing replicative fitness and ongoing immune escape.
The Effect of Online-to-Mobile Trust Transfer and Previous Satisfaction on the Foundation of Mobile Banking Initial Trust

The objective of this research is to reveal the mechanisms associated with the initial formation of people’s trust in mobile banking and intention to use the service. And this research fills a research gap by focusing on online to mobile trust transfer process and the effects of previous satisfaction, which has received almost no attention. For this, we attempt to understand the effect of three antecedent factors (structural assurance, compatibility and relative advantage) on shaping a customer’s initial trust in mobile banking and usage intention. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of customers’ previous satisfaction and online banking trust on the initial trust in mobile banking and its antecedents. The study tests hypotheses by using a sample of 313 college studies that have used online banking before. Results show that online trust positively influence initial trust in mobile banking and customers’ perceived structural assurance of mobile banking. And customers’ previous satisfactions with online banking have positive effects on initial trust, perceived relative advantages and perceived compatibility, just as proposed. Thus, online-to-mobile trust transfer process and the effects of customers’ previous satisfaction should be considered when designing multichannel strategies and attracting customers to use mobile banking.
Tripe palms associated with systemic mastocytosis: the role of transforming growth factor‐α and efficacy of interferon‐alfa

Tripe palms are thickened, moss‐like or velvety textured exaggerations of the normal dermatoglyphics. The disease belongs to the spectrum of papulosquamous paraneoplastic syndromes. Although suspected, the role of transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) has not been clearly established. A 54‐year‐old man with systemic mastocytosis presented with thickening and darkening of the palms and soles. We performed skin biopsies for light microscopy (including toluidine blue), in situ hybridization and double labelling, and determination of serum tryptase, histamine and TGF‐α levels. Toluidine blue stained the mast cells that had massively infiltrated the dermis. Tripe palm samples showed extensive hyperkeratosis. The TGF‐α probe reacted strongly with the mast cells that also reacted with the antitryptase monoclonal antibody. Elevated tryptase, histamine and TGF‐α levels prior to interferon‐alfa administration decreased under treatment. The demonstration of TGF‐α in infiltrating mast cells, the clinical regression of tripe palms and the lowering of the serum level and the mast cell molecular signal of the cytokine when systemic mastocytosis was controlled by interferon‐alfa, suggest a key role for TGF‐α in this cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome.
Endothelial Cell Function, Including Tissue Factor Expression, Under Flow Conditions

Vascular endothelium remains a dynamic interface between blood and the vessel wall. New developments make clear that many antithrombotic and prothrombotic responses of the endothelium depend on flow conditions in an adaptive manner: duration of a certain level of shear stress matters as well as level of shear. In general, over a time course of several hours, endothelium appears to be more actively antithrombotic under moderate shear conditions (e.g., 15 dynes/cm2), and more fibrinolytic under high (e.g., 30 dynes/cm2). Pulsatile flow and cyclic wall stress further modify these responses. Special consideration, moreover, must be given to branch points and regions of irregular geometry (i.e., stenoses, aneurysms) in the circulation. In such locations, predilection sites for thrombosis, lipid uptake, and atherosclerosis, low levels of fluid shear stress (e.g., 0.5 dynes/cm2), large gradients in fluid shear stress, and vessel wall bending stresses all become important. Preliminary work suggests that endothelial cells in such regions can become prothrombotic, leading to localized platelet adhesion/aggregation and fibrin formation on subendothelium and perhaps deeper structures following vessel injury.
Altered primary myogenesis in NFATC3(-/-) mice leads to decreased muscle size in the adult.

Signal transduction pathways involving calcineurin and its downstream effector NFAT have been implicated in regulating myogenesis. Several isoforms of NFAT exist that may differentially contribute to regulating skeletal muscle physiology. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the NFATC3 isoform in skeletal muscle development. Adult mice lacking NFATC3 have reduced muscle mass compared to control mice. The smaller size of the muscles is not due to atrophy or blunted myofiber growth, but rather to a reduced number of myofibers. This reduction in myofiber number is not limited to a specific fiber type nor are the proportions of fiber types altered. The lower fiber number found in the adult NFATC3(-/-) mice is a consequence of impaired muscle development during embryogenesis. Immunohistochemical studies of E15 EDL muscles indicate that the total number of primary myofibers is decreased in NFATC3(-/-) embryos. At E17.5 no further decrease in primary myofiber number occurs; the size and organization of the myofibers are unaltered, and secondary myogenesis proceeds normally, suggesting a role for NFATC3 during early events in primary myogenesis. These results suggest a heretofore unknown role for the transcription factor NFAT in early skeletal muscle development.
Variations spatio-temporelles de la microflore des sols alpins

Les micro-organismes jouent un role crucial dans les processus ecosystemiques. L'etude de la distribution spatio-temporelle des communautes microbiennes est donc necessaire, particulierement dans un contexte de changements globaux. Les micro-organismes etant tres diversifies et majoritairement non cultivables, l'etude de leur diversite et des facteurs responsables de l'assemblage des communautes necessite des outils adaptes. Les ecosystemes alpins montrent de forts gradients mesotopographiques et de regimes d'enneigements. Ces gradients engendrent une heterogeneite spatiale du couvert vegetal et des processus ecosystemiques a des echelles reduites. Les contrastes de l'etage alpin s'appliquent aussi dans le temps, ceux-ci etant soumis a des froids intenses en hiver. Ces ecosystemes sont donc un modele de choix pour l'etude des patrons spatio-temporels de la microflore du sol. Ce travail s'est d'abord concentre sur l'optimisation d'une technique d'empreinte moleculaire, la CESSCP, mais aussi d'outils statistiques pour l'analyse de sequences d'ADN. Les communautes bacteriennes, fongiques et crenarchaeotes du sol ont ete suivies deux annees, par CE-SSCP et clonage/sequencage, dans deux habitats contrastes par leurs regimes d'enneigements. Cette etude a ensuite ete etendue a l'echelle du paysage, sous divers couverts vegetaux. Ce travail montre que l'assemblage des communautes microbiennes alpines varie au cours des saisons et que l'hiver constituent un fort evenement selectif. Cette etude montre egalement que les communautes microbiennes sont spatialement distribuees en fonction des regimes d'enneigements et de la vegetation. Les facteurs directement responsables de tels patrons sont discutes.
Unusual Sequence of Immunoglobulin L‐Chain Rearrangements in a Gamma Heavy Chain Disease Patient

Patients with gamma heavy chain disease (γ‐HCD) generally produce incomplete immunoglobulin (Ig) γ‐heavy chains (yγ‐HCD protein) which cannot associate with light chains (IgL). In most patients Bence Jones proteins (BJP) are not observed. However, in the 61‐year‐old patienl WIN we found γl‐HCD proteins and λ BJP in serum and urine. WIN ‐γl‐HCD protein does not carry the Ig Fd region, has a molecular weight of 33.5 kDa, and the seven N‐terminal amino acid residues are not translated from any of the known immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene sequences. These residues are followed by the Cγl‐hinge region. In DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patient WIN we found bands representing dominant rearrangements in one ofthe two alleles of the IgH, IgK and Igλ locus. Taken together, the data from protein and DNA analysis strongly suggest, albeit do not formally prove, that one dominant B‐cell clone which carries it rearranged and a non‐rearranged allele of each Ig locus produces γ‐HCD protein and λ BJP. The productive λ‐gene rearrangement in this clone thus has not been preceded by abortive rearrangements in both γ‐locus alleles. Lymphocytes with an unusual sequence of IgL‐chain gene activation seem to be involved in the case of γ‐HCD described here.
Respiratory mechanics and bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome

ObjectiveTo study the effects of salbutamol (a selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist) on respiratory mechanics in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DesignProspective study. SettingICU in a university hospital. PatientsSeven mechanically ventilated, paralyzed ARDS patients. Main Outcome MeasurementsMeasurements of respiratory system compliance, maximum, and minimum inspiratory resistance (by the end-inspiratory occlusion method during constant flow inflation) were performed at 0, 5, 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure, both before and at least 30 mins after the start of a continuous iv infusion of salbutamol (15 μg/min). Minimum inspiratory resistance represents the ohmic air flow resistance, while maximum inspiratory resistance includes minimum inspiratory resistance plus the effective additional resistance due to stress adaptation and to time constant inhomogeneities. Air flow was measured at the airway connector and tracheal pressure near the central end of the artificial airway. ResultsMaximum inspiratory resistance, minimum inspiratory resistance, and additional resistance were higher than the values reported for normal anesthetized subjects. On average, salbutamol caused a decrease in maximum and minimum inspiratory resistances (from 6.48 ± 2.56 to 4.67 ± 1.74 and from 4.06 ± 2.12 to 2.07 ± 0.95 cm H2O/L/sec, respectively). Positive end-expiratory pressure increased additional resistance, whereas it decreased minimum inspiratory resistance. No interaction was found between positive end-expiratory pressure and salbutamol. Respiratory system compliance was not significantly affected by salbutamol nor positive end-expiratory pressure. ConclusionsIn ARDS patients, salbutamol decreases the abnormally high airway resistance by reducing minimum resistance, but has effect on the effective additional resistance. (Crit Care Med 1993: 21:78–83)
Negative Autoregulation of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Replicative Gene Expression by EBV SM Protein

ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) SM protein is essential for lytic EBV DNA replication and virion production. When EBV replication is induced in cells infected with an SM-deleted recombinant EBV, approximately 50% of EBV genes are expressed inefficiently. When EBV replication is rescued by transfection of SM, SM enhances expression of these genes by direct and indirect mechanisms. While expression of most EBV genes is either unaffected or enhanced by SM, expression of several genes is decreased in the presence of SM. Expression of BHRF1, a homolog of cellular bcl-2, is particularly decreased in the presence of SM. Investigation of the mechanism of BHRF1 downregulation revealed that SM downregulates expression of the immediate-early EBV transactivator R. In EBV-infected cells, R-responsive promoters, including the BHRF1 and SM promoters, were less active in the presence of SM, consistent with SM inhibition of R expression. SM decreased spliced R mRNA levels, supporting a posttranscriptional mechanism of R inhibition. R and BHRF1 expression were also found to decrease during later stages of EBV lytic replication in EBV-infected lymphoma cells. These data indicate that feedback regulation of immediate-early and early genes occurs during the lytic cycle of EBV regulation.
Waveguide parameter design of graded-index plastic optical fibers for bending-loss reduction

The waveguide structure of graded-index plastic optical fibers (GI POFs), such as index profile, numerical aperture (NA), and core diameter, is appropriately designed for eliminating bending losses, even under a severe bending condition. The bending loss of GI POFs under a severe bending condition is drastically reduced when the core diameter is smaller than 200 /spl mu/m and when the NA is higher than 0.25. The bending loss of GI POFs even under a severe bending condition vanishes with a core diameter of 200 /spl mu/m and an NA of 0.24. It is experimentally confirmed for the first time that the mode coupling due to the bending induces the bending loss. The mode coupling strength before the fiber is bent affects the bending loss seriously. Moreover, the mode-coupling strength is evaluated by the propagation constant difference /spl Delta//spl beta/ between the adjacent modes. The /spl Delta//spl beta/ value, which is a function of the core diameter and NA, affects the bending loss. Therefore, based on the calculation of the /spl Delta//spl beta/, we propose a guideline for the appropriate design of waveguide parameters for GI POF, in order to suppress the bending loss.
Interventional Pain Management in Multidisciplinary Chronic Pain Clinics: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study with One-Year Follow-Up

Background Interventional Pain Management (IPM) is performed in multidisciplinary chronic pain clinics (MCPC), including a range of invasive techniques to diagnose and treat chronic pain (CP) conditions. Current patterns of use of those techniques in MCPC have not yet been reported. Objective We aimed to describe quantitatively and qualitatively the use of IPM and other therapeutic procedures performed on-site at four Portuguese MCPC. Methods A prospective cohort study with one-year follow-up was performed in adult patients. A structured case report form was systematically completed at baseline and six and 12 months. Results Among 808 patients referred to the MCPC, 17.2% had been prescribed IPM. Patients with IPM were on average younger and had longer CP duration and lower levels of maximum pain and pain interference/disability. The three main diagnoses were low back pain (n = 28), postoperative CP, and knee pain (n = 16 each). From 195 IPM prescribed, nerve blocks (n = 108), radiofrequency (n = 31), and viscosupplementation (n = 22) were the most prevalent. Some IPM techniques were only available in few MCPC. One MCPC did not provide IPM. Conclusions IPM are seldom prescribed in Portuguese MCPC. Further studies on IPM safety and effectiveness are necessary for clear understanding the role of these techniques in CP management.
Ontology-driven activity recognition from patterns of object use

The recognition of the activities of daily living of the elderly and the cognitively impaired has made it possible to provide assistance and support for them. We describe in this paper activity recognition from patterns of object use for activities and a combined activity ontology. Activity-object use patterns are discovered to provide the knowledge of object concepts for routine activity concepts for an enhanced ontology-driven activity recognition.