Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The RET oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer, accounting for greater than 80% of cases. Surgical resection, with or without postoperative radioiodine therapy, remains the standard of care for patients with PTC, and the prognosis is generally excellent with appropriate treatment. Despite this, significant numbers of patients will not respond to maximal surgical and medical therapy and ultimately will die from the disease. This mortality reflects an incomplete understanding of the oncogenic mechanisms that initiate, drive, and promote PTC. Nonetheless, significant insights into the pathologic subcellular events underlying PTC have been discovered over the last 2 decades, and this remains an area of significant research interest. Chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the expression of fusion proteins that involve the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto‐oncogene were the first oncogenic events to be identified in PTC. Members of this fusion protein family (the RET/PTC family) appear to play an oncogenic role in approximately 20% of PTCs. Herein, the authors review the current understanding of the clinicopathologic role of RET/PTC fusion proteins in PTC development and progression and the molecular mechanisms by which RET/PTCs exert their oncogenic effects on the thyroid epithelium. Cancer 2015;121:2137–2146. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Cry Characteristics of 172 Healthy 1- to 7-Day-Old Infants

A total of 1,836 cry signals from 172 healthy babies, 1–7 days old, were analysed with sound spectrography. The mean values for the 8–15 cries from each infant were calculated and used for the statistical analyses. The mean duration of the cry signals was 1.4 ± 0.6 s. The mean fundamental frequency was 496 ± 95 cps (Hz). Fifty percent of the mean fundamental frequencies in the 8–15 cries analysed from each baby varied between 450 and 520 Hz. Of the children, 93% had cries with a mean fundamental frequency below 600 Hz. The mean value of the highest point of the fundamental frequency was 583 ± 151 Hz and of the lowest point 398 ± 75 Hz. The melody type had mainly a rising-falling contour, though the difference between the highest and the lowest point was often rather small. There were no significant differences noted in the cry characteristics according to gender, the age of the infants or the gestational age when they were born.
Urinary excretion of immunoglobulins and their subunits in human subjects before and after exercise.

Immunoglobulins and their subunits in urines collected before and after exercise from healthy human subjects were studied. Quantitative analysis showed that only gamma A- and gamma G-immunoglobulins were excreted as whole molecules in normal urine, at a concentration of 0.35 and 1.70 micrograms/min., respectively. Exercise enhanced the excretion of both types of molecules. In some cases, gamma D-immunoglobulins were found in "exercise urine. " Gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 showed that only gamma G-subunits were present in normal and in "exercise urine. " The distribution of gamma G-subunits was not affected by exercise. The authors consider the importance of the present data in relation to renal physiology.
Identification of Protein Components in Human Acquired Enamel Pellicle and Whole Saliva Using Novel Proteomics Approaches*

Precursor proteins of the acquired enamel pellicle derive from glandular and non-glandular secretions, which are components of whole saliva. The purpose of this investigation was to gain further insights into the characteristics of proteins in whole saliva and in vivo formed pellicle components. To maximize separation and resolution using only micro-amounts of protein, a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system was employed. Protein samples from parotid secretion, submandibular/sublingual secretion, whole saliva, and pellicle were subjected to isoelectric focusing followed by SDS-PAGE. Selected protein spots were excised, subjected to “in-gel” trypsin digestion, and examined by mass spectrometry (MS). The data generated, including peptide maps and tandem MS spectra, were analyzed using protein data base searches. Components identified in whole saliva include cystatins (SA-III, SA, and SN), statherin, albumin, amylase, and calgranulin A. Components identified in pellicle included histatins, lysozyme, statherin, cytokeratins, and calgranulin B. The results showed that whole saliva and pellicle have more complex protein patterns than those of glandular secretions. There are some similarities and also distinct differences between the patterns of proteins present in whole saliva and pellicle. MS approaches allowed identification of not only well characterized salivary proteins but also novel proteins not previously identified in pellicle.
New European, American and International guidelines for hypertension management: agreement and disagreement

Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its control rates remain poor. In 2003, several official organizations presented new guidelines for hypertension management. These guidelines were developed using an evidence-based interpretation of the available information. Recommendations on hypertension prevention, diagnosis, patients’ evaluation, decision to treat, antihypertensive drug selection and goals of treatment are included. There is considerable agreement among the new guidelines and only a few points of disagreement, that are of minor significance. Emphasis has been placed on the simplicity of recommendations in order for them to be easily applied by primary care physicians. This review focuses on the key messages of the 2003 guidelines and the areas of agreement and disagreement among them.
The use of a simple method to avoid cell shrinkage during SEM preparation

In the course of preparing specimens for scanning electron microscopy, both glutaraldehyde and OsO4‐fixed cells exhibit a considerable shrinkage with a reduction of the mean cellular diameter of about 45% after critical point drying. However, if cells are successively treated with glutaraldehyde, OsO4, tannic acid and uranyl acetate solutions, cellular shrinkage of only 5% is observed.
Treatment of Ankle Instability in Children and Adolescents With a Modified Chrisman-Snook Repair: A Clinical and Patient-Based Outcome Study

Ligamentous injuries to the lateral ankle complex, although rare in the child with open physes, increase with age and are seen with considerable frequency in late childhood and adolescence. In athletic, ligamentously lax individuals, recurrent sprains may lead to ligament attenuation and instability. When instability becomes chronic and interferes with everyday activity, reconstruction is indicated. The literature on reconstruction addresses primarily the adult population, with minimal guidance in treating the child and adolescent. The authors report their experience with 48 reconstructions performed in patients aged 8 to 17 years (mean 14.5 years) over a 12-year period. Mean follow-up was 6.5 years. All patients failed to respond to conservative treatment, including casting or bracing and physical therapy. All had disabling instability. All had a positive drawer sign clinically, and all but one had significant talar tilt on preoperative stress radiographs. A modification of the Chrisman-Snook procedure was used. Forty-four ankles in 38 patients were available for clinical and radiographic re-evaluation. One patient with generalized systemic ligamentous laxity required bilateral repair for failure of previous Evans procedures 8 years earlier; the remaining patients had primary repairs and remain asymptomatic. Each has a negative drawer sign and a reduction of talar tilt from a preoperative average of 14.5 degrees to a postoperative average of 4 degrees, based on stress radiographs. An outcomes questionnaire was administered to all patients, who subjectively rated their pain and instability at extremely low levels (1/10) and their function at a high level (8/10). All patients had their expectations met regarding the results of surgery. There was no radiographic evidence of degenerative arthritis at follow-up. The authors recommend this as an excellent means of treating children with chronic ankle instability who have failed to respond to conservative treatment. The authors have modified Chrisman's procedure by using a much smaller incision and improved graft isometry.
Ensemble methods for PV power production prediction

The present paper addresses the problem of the estimation of the day-ahead generated power (GP) of a photovoltaic plant using predicted regional solar radiation (SR). The contribution is twofold. First, it investigates the problems related to the design of day-ahead SR predictors and then studies their combination with the prediction data obtained from a meteorological service. Different setups of the time series model, the weather forecast service and their combinations using ensemble methods have been employed. Secondly, under a similar ensemble framework, the impact of the accuracy in the prediction of meteorological variables on the quality of the GP prediction is evaluated.
Quasi-switched-inductor Z-source inverter

A new Z-source inverter called Quasi switched inductor Z-source inverter(QSLZSI) is presented in this paper. The proposed inverter not only inherits the advantages of traditional Z-source inverters but also has the unique features of capacitor H-bridge circuit: simplified structure, reduced component count, simplified control strategies, higher boost factor. The operating principles of the proposed inverter are described, and a circuit analysis is provided. This new inverter is especially suitable for renewable energy and the variable-frequency adjusting speed of the motor servo system. This paper presents the simulation results of QSLZSI and compares them with those of the SLZSI and LZSI in detail. Laboratory prototypes are constructed. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.
Propeller-shaped ultra-wideband planar adaptive antenna

We investigate adaptive antennas for ultra wideband (UWB) systems [1] working at around 310GHz to enhance the efficiency of frequency use and avoid serious fading caused by complicated interference in indoor environment. Because the fading happens at points where the electromagnetic-wave cancels out almost completely, the problem is often solved by changing the radiation direction roughly with a modest directivity with, e.g., a forward-back (F/B) ratio of several dB [2].
Acetylcholine-Induced Current in Perfused Rat

I N T R O D U C T I O N Acetylcholine (ACh) acts on the endplate of striated muscle by opening a large, water-filled pore which is selectively permeable to cations (Maeno et al., 1977; Huang et al., 1978; Dwyer et al., 1979). Attempts to understand the details of permeation have been hampered by the inability to control or even determine the ionic composition of the intracellular milieu. For example, measurement of ACh currents at very depolarized potentials is made difficult by the presence of large voltage-activated K currents. The K channel cannot be blocked simply with extracellular te t raethylammonium (TEA) because TEA also interacts strongly with the ACh channel (Adler et al., 1979). If the intracellular K could be replaced by a cation which is impermeable through the K channel, this difficulty would be alleviated. Another difficulty that is encountered in traditional studies of the motor endplate is the inability to test J. GEN. PHYSIOL. ~)The Rockefeller University Press 9 0022-1295/80/03/0297/25 $1.00 297 Volume 75 March 1980 297-321 on July 2, 2017 jgp.rress. org D ow nladed fom 298 THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY. VOLUME 7 5 . 1980 quanti tat ive theories of ion permeation. For example, ion permeation through the ACh channel may be depicted as the movement across two Eyring-type energy barriers with a low energy site (well) between them (Adams, 1979; Lewis and Stevens, 1979; Marchais and Marty, 1979). However, the details of the inner barrier must remain obscure until permeation is studied during systematic variations of the intracellular ionic composition. We have developed a method for internal perfusion of muscle by using a suction pipette (Lee et al., 1978) on spherical myoballs (Fischbach and Lass, 1978) grown from cultured rat myotubes. We have employed a voltage clamp using a separate microelectrode to record membrane potential while passing current through the suction pipette. The use of the microelectrode reduces series resistance artifacts. In the experiments reported here we have examined ACh-induced currents in approximately symmetrical Na aspartate solutions using both voltage jumps and voltage ramps. A preliminary report has appeared (Horn et al., 1979). M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D S
Miniaturized lumped-distributed wideband balun using double-sided CPW structure

This paper presents a miniaturized wideband balun using CPW structure with lumped elements. Although a low frequency (low or mid-MHz) balun is considered hard to be physically small or to have wide bandwidth, the proposed design utilizes lumped elements to reduce the physical size while double-sided CPW structure provides wide bandwidth in low frequency band (470–630MHz). Having the proposed balun fabricated with FR-4 board, both simulation and measured results are presented to illustrate its performance.
Promoter Swapping Unveils the Role of the Citrobacter rodentium CTS1 Type VI Secretion System in Interbacterial Competition

ABSTRACT The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a versatile secretion machine dedicated to various functions in Gram-negative bacteria, including virulence toward eukaryotic cells and antibacterial activity. Activity of T6SS might be followed in vitro by the release of two proteins, Hcp and VgrG, in the culture supernatant. Citrobacter rodentium, a rodent pathogen, harbors two T6SS gene clusters, cts1 and cts2. Reporter fusion and Hcp release assays suggested that the CTS1 T6SS was not produced or not active. The cts1 locus is composed of two divergent operons. We therefore developed a new vector allowing us to swap the two divergent endogenous promoters by Ptac and PBAD using the λ red recombination technology. Artificial induction of both promoters demonstrated that the CTS1 T6SS is functional as shown by the Hcp release assay and confers on C. rodentium a growth advantage in antibacterial competition experiments with Escherichia coli.
Speciation and stability of methylene blue-metal-thiocyanate ion-association complexes

With thiocyanate, zinc(II), cobalt(II) and copper(II) ions form stable anion, [M(SCN) 4 ] 2- . This anion in turn with methylene blue (MB + ) forms ion-pair of the type MB 2 [M(SCN) 4 ] and turns methylene blue to violet. The stoichiometry and stability constants of the ion-association complexes were determined using Benesi-Hildebrand method and the stoichiometry was confirmed by Job’s continuous variation method. The kinetics of formation of ternary complexes was studied using stopped-flow technique. The equilibrium studies showed that the stability of ternary complexes increased in the order Co(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) and the formation rate constants increased in the order, Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II). The relative stabilities indicate that cobalt is preferred to other two metals in the speciation of ternary complexes comparable with similar complexes in biosystems. This study also provides a method for the spectrophotometric determination of Co(II) and Zn(II) ions at nanogram levels at 25 o C and an ionic strength of 0.15 M. KEY WORDS: Ion-association complex, Kinetics, Zinc, Cobalt, Methylene blue, Thiocyanate Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2008 , 22(1), 85-91.
Evaluation of five temperature‐sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus in primates: II. Genetic analysis of virus recovered during infection

Five temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus (ts‐1, ts‐1, NG‐1, ts‐1, NG‐16, ts‐2, and ts‐7), previously evaluated for infectivity and virulence in chimpanzees and owl monkeys, were also assayed for in vivo genetic stability. None of the five mutants tested was completely stable genetically. Thus, virus which had lost some or all of the ts property was recovered from each infected chimpanzee. Significantly, each ts‐1 NG‐1 isolate retained some degree of temperature sensitivity and hence was not true wild‐type virus. Clonal analysis of viruses shed by ts‐1, ts‐1, NG‐1, ts‐1, NG‐16, or ts‐7 infected chimpanzees indicated that in most instances only a minority of the virus shed was altered genetically. Of five chimpanzees infected with the ts‐2 mutant, three shed only ts virus, and the remaining two chimpanzees shed only ts+ virus. Such ts+ virus proved to be avirulent when evaluated in chimpanzees or owl monkeys, indicating that loss of the ts property did not restore virulence. Based upon these findings, the ts‐2 mutant appears to be a suitable candidate for clinical trials in man.
A review of the relationships between human population density and biodiversity

To explore the impacts of increasing human numbers on nature, many studies have examined relationships between human population density (HPD) and biodiversity change. The implicit assumption in many of these studies is that as population density increases so does the threat to biodiversity. The implications of this assumption are compounded by recent research showing that species richness for many taxonomic groups is often highest in areas with high HPD. If increasing HPD is a threat to conservation, this threat may be magnified owing to the spatial congruence between people and species richness. Here, I review the relationships between HPD and measures of biodiversity status focussing in particular on evidence for the spatial congruence between people and species richness and the threat that increasing HPD may pose to biodiversity conservation. The review is split into two major sections: (i) a quantitative assessment of 85 studies covering 401 analyses, including meta‐analyses on discrete relationships; and (ii) a discussion of the implications of the quantitative analyses and major issues raised in the literature.
Ongoing Care of Patients After Primary Treatment for Their Cancer

Nearly nine million people living in the United States have had a diagnosis of cancer. As the population ages, this number will increase. Most of these people will need follow‐up care to deal with problems related to their cancer. Depending on the cancer, they may or may not benefit from surveillance to detect recurrence. Most will be more likely than average to develop a second primary cancer. Some will be genetically susceptible to another type of cancer. Many will have complications from their treatment that need attention. Also, their treatment may have altered certain physiologic functions. Finally, many will have suffered psychosocial difficulties either as a result of their cancer or its treatment. This article deals with these issues for the most commonly encountered cancers. Its major goal is to alert physicians to be aware of and help them to deal with these issues. Clearly, such an ambitious goal can only be partly achieved in a single journal article. Hopefully, the references included will allow physicians to proceed further if they wish.
Fractional Integration and the Dynamics of UK Unemployment

This article is concerned with the dynamic behaviour of UK unemployment. However, instead of using traditional approaches based on I(0) stationary or I(1) (integrated and/or cointegrated) models, we use the fractional integration framework. In doing so, we allow for a more careful study of the low frequency dynamics underlying the series. The conclusions suggest that the UK unemployment may be explained in terms of lagged values of the real oil prices and the real interest rate, with the order of integration of unemployment ranging between 0.50 and 1. Thus, unemployment shows the characteristics of long memory but is mean reverting.
Ankle function during hopping in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint

A common mechanism of inversion injury involves a lateral movement producing a hypersupination of the ankle joint. To date, no study has investigated patterns of muscle activity, three‐dimensional (3D) joint kinematics and kinetics simultaneously in a group of subjects with functional instability (FI) compared with a non‐injured control group during a lateral hopping test. Twenty‐six subjects with the subjective complaint of FI of the ankle joint and 24 non‐injured healthy control subjects volunteered to participate in the study. We measured 3D lower limb kinematics, kinetics and surface electromyography (EMG) of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and soleus muscle in all subjects during a lateral hop task for the period 200 ms pre‐ and post‐initial contact (IC). FI subjects were observed to have a less‐everted position of the ankle joint during the time period from 45 ms pre‐IC to 95 ms post‐IC (P<0.05). FI subjects were also found to have an increase in pre‐ and post‐IC rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and solues EMG activity. The results suggest that subjects with FI exhibit changes in ankle joint movement and neuromuscular control that could predispose to further injury.
Posttranscriptional Orchestration of an Anti-Apoptotic Program by HuR

The RNA-binding protein HuR can stabilize and/or regulate the translation of target mRNAs, thereby affecting the cellular responses to immune, proliferative, and damaging agents. Here, we discuss emerging evidence that HuR elicits a broad anti-apoptotic function through its influence on the expression of multiple target mRNAs. HuR was previously shown to bind to the mRNA encoding the apoptosome inhibitor prothymosin α (ProTα) and enhanced its translation and cytoplasmic abundance. More recently, HuR was shown to increase the stability of a target mRNA encoding the pro-survival deacetylase SIRT1. The discovery that HuR likewise binds to and promotes the expression of mRNAs encoding Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, two major anti-apoptotic effectors, strongly supports HuR’s role as a key upstream coordinator of a constitutive pro-survival program.
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF AA AMYLOIDOSIS *

Abstract : In our experience DMSO is a non-toxic drug. DMSO may be of value in the treatment of human AA amyloidosis. The effect of DMSO in AA amyloidosis is probably due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Abrupt discontinuation of DMSO treatment in AA amyloidosis should be avoided.
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Relationship Marketing: A Meta-Analysis

Relationship marketing (RM) has emerged as one of the dominant mantras in business strategy circles, though RM investigations often yield mixed results. To help managers and researchers improve the effectiveness of their efforts, the authors synthesize RM empirical research in a meta-analytic framework. Although the fundamental premise that RM positively affects performance is well supported, many of the authors’ findings have significant implications for research and practice. Relationship investment has a large, direct effect on seller objective performance, which implies that additional meditated pathways may explain the impact of RM on performance. Objective performance is influenced most by relationship quality (a composite measure of relationship strength) and least by commitment. The results also suggest that RM is more effective when relationships are more critical to customers (e.g., service offerings, channel exchanges, business markets) and when relationships are built with an individual person rather than a selling firm (which partially explains the mixed effects between RM and performance reported in previous studies).