Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rol de la Resonancia Magnética en Cardiopatía Isquémica

La resonancia magnetica (RM) tiene un tremendo potencial para el estudio de la cardiopatia coronaria. Actualmente la RM en cine es considerada el estandar de referencia para la medicion de varios parametros de funcion ventricular global como los volumenes ventriculares, fraccion de eyeccion y masa ventricular. En comparacion con otras tecnicas, la RM presenta menor variabilidad intra e interobservador en la medicion de volumenes ventriculares. Tiene la ventaja de no utilizar radiacion ionizante y es un examen independiente del operador. Con RM tambien es posible analizar la funcion miocardica regional visualizando los distintos segmentos del ventriculo izquierdo durante el ciclo cardiaco. Por otra parte, la RM con uso de gadolinio EV es capaz de mostrar las zonas de infarto y reemplazo fi broso con gran exactitud. Cuando se asocia la deteccion de fi brosis miocardica con la evaluacion del movimiento segmentario de la pared, es posible predecir recuperacion contractil despues de la revascularizacion.
Psychiatric Reform and the Psychosocial Care Model in Brazil: In Search of Continuing Integrated Mental Health Care Reforma Psiquiátrica e modelo de atenção psicossocial no Brasil: para cuidados continuados integrados em saúde mental

Resumen Este articulo pretende contribuir al debate sobre los rumbos de la reforma psiquiatrica que actualmente se lleva a cabo en Brasil, presentando un panorama nacional sobre sus avances y desafios. En este sentido, se pone de manifiesto la coexistencia de dos paradig-mas de atencion, uno basado en la institucion del manicomio y otro enfocado en la aten -cion psicosocial. El paralelismo entre una y otra modalidad genera importantes tensiones en la prestacion de los servicios de atencion, a la vez que pone en evidencia el caracter vertical del saber psiquiatrico, los atributos hegemonicos de ciertas especialidades y la fragmentacion de los procesos de trabajo. Una revision de tales tensiones y caracteristicas permitira identificar que aspectos en concreto del modelo de reforma brasilero requieren de un fortalecimiento asi como de una mayor inversion.Palabras clave: Psicologia y psiquiatria, reforma psiquiatrica en Brasil, atencion psicoso-cial, salud mental Abstract This article aims to contribute to the debate on the current direction of the process of psychiatric reform in Brazil, presenting a national panorama of the advances and challen -ges faced. In so doing, it reveals the coexistence of two paradigms of care, one based on the institution of the mental health facility and the other focused on psychosocial care. The parallels between the two directions create severe tensions in the way the services of care are given, and simultaneously uncover the vertical character of psychiatric knowled-ge, the hegemonic attributes of certain specialties, and the fragmentation of the process of work. A review of these tensions and characteristics allows for the identification of which specific aspects of the Brazilian model of reform require strengthening as well as increased investment.Key words: Psychology and psychiatry, Psychiatric reform in Brazil; Psychosocial care; mental health
9-cis-Retinoic Acid Treatment Increases Serum Concentrations of α-Tocopherol in Former Smokers

Purpose: Low serum concentrations of antioxidants may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. Based on the accumulated evidence, we hypothesized that retinoids would elevate serum α-tocopherol. This study was designed to determine whether 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), the most common chemopreventive agent, could alter serum α-tocopherol in former smokers. Because hyperlipidemia is a known side effect of retinoids, we also evaluated the association between serum α-tocopherol and lipids in the same population. Experimental Design: Subjects who had stopped smoking at least 12 months before the study were randomly assigned to receive oral 9-cis-RA or placebo daily for 3 months. Clinical information and blood samples were obtained monthly; serum α-tocopherol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and lipid levels by enzymatic assays before treatment and every month during the treatment. Results: Of the 149 subjects in the study, 113 completed 3 months of treatment and provided samples for evaluation of serum α-tocopherol. Serum α-tocopherol levels in the 9-cis-RA group (n = 52) were higher after treatment (r = 0.445, P < 0.01) than before. The incidences of grade ≥2 hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were higher in the 9-cis-RA group than in the placebo group (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.01, respectively), but there were no serious complications related to hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: Treatment of former smokers with 9-cis-RA significantly increased their serum α-tocopherol levels, and this could be a benefit. In addition, serum α-tocopherol could serve as a biomarker for 9-cis-RA treatment.
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producers among Gram Negative Bacilli from Various Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India

Background and Objectives: The resistance to broad spectrum β-lactams which is mediated by the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzyme is an increasing problem now-a-days. This resistance mechanism has been responsible for nosocomial outbreaks, serious therapeutic failure if it is not detected on time and the outbreak of multidrug resistant, gram negative pathogens that need expensive control measures. As no data was available on the prevalence of ESBL in this region, the current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of the ESBL producing strains in our hospital based population of Jhalawar. Aim: To know the prevalence of ESBL producing organisms at our tertiary care hospital at Jhalawar. Material and Methods: A total of 219 consecutive, nonrepetitive, gram negative isolates, which were resistant to one of the third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone or ceftazidime) were selected as “Suspicious for ESBL production” as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). These isolates were confirmed for ESBL production by the double disc synergy test (DDST) and the phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and they were further confirmed by the E-test ESBL strip randomly. Result: Out of the 219 isolates which were tested, 135 (61.6%) were found to be ESBL producers by PCDDT and 126 (57.5%) were found to be ESBL producers by DDST. Twenty-eight randomly selected isolates were further confirmed by the E-test ESBL strip, which showed a highly significant correlation with PCDDT (p value <0.001). The isolates of Escherichia coli (73.5%) were the most common ESBL producers, followed by Proteus vulgaris (60%), K. pneumoniae (58.1%) and others. The maximum ESBL production was seen in urine (66.4%), followed by pus (57.3%) and others (54.2%). Imipenem (98.5%), piperacillin/ tazobactum (72.6%) and amikacin (64.5%), in the decreasing order, were the most active and reliable agents for the treatment of the infections which were caused by the ESBL producing organisms. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of ESBL production in our hospital and so, it is essential to report the ESBL production along with the routine sensitivity reports, which will help the clinician in prescribing proper antibiotics. Also, control measures which include the judicious use of antibiotics, antibiotic cycling, the implementation of appropriate infection control measures and the formulation of an antibiotic policy must be done, to prevent the spread of these strains.
Tratamiento de la espasticidad en la esclerosis múltiple: nuevas perspectivas con el uso de cannabinoides

La esclerosis multiple (EM) es una enfermedad cronica que afecta al sistema nervioso central, con una fase inflamatoria y otra fase neurodegenerativa. Suele aparecer en personas jovenes (edad media: 29 anos) y causa grave discapacidad fisica y mental asi como un deterioro importante de la calidad de vida [1]. Tiene una prevalencia global de entre 50 y 200 por 100.000 habitantes [2,3]. En diversos estudios realizados en distintas regiones espanolas [4], se indican unas tasas de prevalencia de entre 32 (en Te ruel) [5] y 73 (en Las Palmas) [6], 79,9 (en Osona) [7] o incluso 125 (en Malaga) [8] por 100.000 habitantes, y una incidencia estimada de entre 2,2 y 4,1 casos por 100.000 individuos/ano, respectivamente. En la actualidad se pronostica que hay una prevalencia de 100 pacientes por 100.000 habitantes en Espana. Morfologicamente la EM se caracteriza por inflamacion, desmielinizacion y dano axonal, que es la alteracion que muestra una mejor correlacion con la progresion de la discapacidad [9]. Estas alteraciones causan una gran variedad de manifestaciones clinicas de diversa gravedad, pero con la acumulacion progresiva de dichas lesiones la enfermedad va progresando hasta causar una discapacidad importante [10]. Los costes economicos directos e indirectos derivados de esta discapacidad son muy elevados [11,12]. En Espana, se ha estimado que el coste medio total por paciente oscila entre 10.425 €/ano cuando la puntuacion de la EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) es de 0-1 y 65.693 €/ano cuando la EDSS es de 8-10 [13]. Los pacientes con EM tienen sintomas muy variados: alteraciones de la sensibilidad, paresias, temblor, diplopia, vision borrosa, alteraciones de los esfinteres, fatiga, alteraciones de la marcha, etc. La espasticidad es uno de los sintomas mas frecuentes e invalidantes asociados a la EM [14]. El grupo de trabajo europeo EU-SPASM (Support Network for the Assembly and Database for Spasticity Measurement) [15] la ha definido como una ‘alteracion del control sensitivo motor causado por una lesion de la motoneurona superior que se manifiesta en forma de una activacion intermitente o sostenida de los musculos’. Una definicion practica y ampliamente utilizada es la propuesta por Rizzo et al [2] como ‘un tono no habitual en los musculos, que se siente como una rigidez, sacudidas, calambres musculares en las piernas o los brazos, miembros rigidos y estirados o que sufren espasmos’. Desde un punto de vista fisiopatologico, se considera que las placas de mielina inhiben el control supraespiTratamiento de la espasticidad en la esclerosis multiple: nuevas perspectivas con el uso de cannabinoides
Integrating Nutrition into Programmes of Primary Health Care

In 1978 in Alma Ata health officials from 134 nations discussed the inability of health programs to curb morbidity and mortality of preventable diseases in their populations. They identified primary health care (PHC) to lead to health for all by 2000. No element of PHC is more important to achieving this goal than nutrition. For example a study in Guatemala revealed that child mortality fell in the village where preschool children received supplementary feedings but no medical care but remained the same in the village where only curative medicine was available. In addition studies of the causes of child mortality in Latin America showed that nutrition was either a primary or underlying cause for 57% of all deaths of children <5 years old. Therefore nutrition programs must be integrated with other PHC programs. Even though conventional nutrition surveys can evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition programs they are costly and time consuming. Further since they are perceived as invasive they cannot necessarily truly identify knowledge and health related behaviors. Therefore rapid assessment procedures (RAP) which use participant observation direct observation and guided questioning can more accurately examine the impact of nutrition programs on knowledge and health related behavior. RAP research has identified problems that are universal in PHC programs. For example medical schools teach students curative care therefore physicians emphasize it at PHC clinics and other health workers follow suit. Further health workers do not consider the beliefs of and constraints on their patients. Strong national commitment to health equity is essential. Some developing countries e.g. Cuba and Costa Rica however have improved nutritional and health status of their populations by shifting resources to education and health.
ANCIENT AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON CENTELLA ASIATICA (MANDUKPARNI): A POTENTIAL HERBAL PANACEA

Since long time it has been used traditionally as a remedy for several skin disorders, it is used by the cosmetic industries in preparing skin care products but this aspect is still untouched by Ayuvedic researchers.So in this chapter, we will give the literary description of Mandukaparni so that we can know our drug very well. In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world. Centella asiatica is an important medicinal herb that is widely used in the orient and is becoming popular in the West. Triterpenoid, saponins, the primary constituents of Centella asiatica are manly believed to be responsible for its wide therapeutic actions. Apart from wound healing, the herb is recommended for the treatment of various skin conditions such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, diarrhoea, fever, amenorrhea, diseases of the female genitourinary tract and also for relieving anxiety and improving cognition. In general, there are various drugs, used in various conditions, in various forms from long time, among them Mandukaparni is one, which is well known for its Medhya property.
HEREDITARY PICK'S DISEASE

: A large family with Pick's disease was re-examined after twenty years. Five new cases were found, one in the fourth and four in the fifth generation. This family now includes 25 patients with the clinical diagnosis Pick's disease, proven by autopsy in 14, and 7 patients in whom the same diagnosis was considered likely, over six generations. The additional information strongly supports the previously postulated dominant mode of inheritance in this family. In connection with the possible hereditary nature of Pick's disease in general, data on reported families in which the disease occurred in two or more generations and unpublished data on three other families are discussed. Since the diagnosis Pick's disease was certain in affected members of this family, the value of electroencephalography and computerized tomography could be assessed. Persons at risk but without clinical signs of the disease were investigated in the same way, and in 4 cases out of 12, distinct frontal atrophy was found. In one of these cases clinical signs of Picks disease became manifest a year after the investigation.
Phytochemicals and uses of Moringa oleifera leaves in Ugandan rural communities.

Zerumbone a monocyclic sisquiterpene, is the major constituent of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. In Southeast Asia, Z. zerumbet is being used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The objective of this current investigation was to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of zerumbone isolated from Z. zerumbet in rats. The results revealed zerumbone potently inhibit inflammation induced by both λ-carrageenan and prostaglandin E2, which was statistically similar to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) piroxicam. Zerumbone also potently inhibited pain in the sabdorminal writhing test similar to the NSAID. Collectively, our results validate the traditional use of this plant and zerumbone has been demonstrated to be a potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.
Therapies for human cytomegalovirus

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a viral infection disseminated worldwide and ∼ 70% of the world population presents antibodies to CMV; usually the infection is asymptomatic in healthy individuals. However, the virus may be reactivated from latency if the host develops an immunodeficiency or is immunosuppressed by drugs. Congenital HCMV infection is also an important public health problem. Although in the last decade improved antiviral chemotherapy is becoming more readly available, an effective and safe monotherapy is so far not offered for the management of CMV infection. In addition, existing drugs are ineffective to treat certain strains of CMV. Attenuated and recombinant live virus vaccine approaches have been proposed, but safe use of these types of vaccines in healthy populations remains to be shown. This review emphasizes the existing scientific therapeutic approaches and patents regarding clinical antiviral treatment in HCMV since 2003.
N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide's Usefulness for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Detection Among Populations Carrying Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) systematic screening studies have not shown a clear usefulness in stroke prevention, as AF might present as paroxysmal and asymptomatic. This study aims to determine the usefulness of some blood-biomarkers to identify paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the context of a screening programme. Methods: A total of 100 subjects aged 65–75 years with hypertension and diabetes were randomly selected. AF was assessed by conventional electrocardiogram (ECG) and 4 weeks monitoring with a wearable Holter device (Nuubo™). N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), apolipoprotein CIII (ApoC-III), von Willebrand factor (vWF), ADAMTS13, urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) were determined in serum/plasma samples and the levels were compared depending on AF presence and mode of detection. Results: The AF prevalence in the studied population was found to be 20%. In seven subjects, AF was only detected after 1 month of Holter monitoring (hAF group). NT-proBNP levels were higher in subjects with AF compared with subjects with no AF (p < 0.0001), even when only taking into account the hAF group (p = 0.031). No significant differences were found in the other biomarkers. The NT-proBNP >95 pg/ml cut-off showed high sensitivity and specificity to detect AF (95%, 66.2%) or hAF (85.72%, 66.2%) and was found to be an independent predictor of AF and hAF in a logistic regression analysis. NT-proBNP correlated with AF burden (r = 0.597, p = 0.024). Conclusion: NT-proBNP was elevated in AF cases not identified by ECG; thus, it may be used as a screening biomarker in asymptomatic high-risk populations, with a promising cut-off point of 95 pg/ml that requires further validation.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Molecular Docking Studies of Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids

Strategies for the synthesis of indole diketopiperazine alkaloids (indole DKPs) have been described and involve three analogs of indole DKPs. The antimicrobial activity and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 24 indole DKPs were explored. Compounds 3b and 3c were found to be the most active, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values in the range of 0.94–3.87 μM (0.39–1.56 μg/mL) against the four tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). Furthermore, compounds 4a and 4b displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 1.10–36.9 μM (0.39–12.5 μg/mL) against all tested bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Valsa mali, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria brassicae). According to the in silico study, compounds 3c showed significant binding affinity to the FabH protein from Escherichia coli, which has been identified as the key target enzyme of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in bacteria. Therefore, these compounds are not only promising new antibacterial agents but also potential FabH inhibitors.
Familial cardiomyopathy caused by a novel heterozygous mutation in the gene LMNA (c.1434dupG): a cardiac MRI-augmented segregation study

In a five-generation family carrying a novel frameshift LMNA variant (c.1434dupG, p.Leu479AlafsX72), imaging-augmented segregation analysis supports its association with lamin heart disease. Affected members exhibit conduction abnormalities, supraventricular and ventricular arrythmias, dilated cardiomyopathy with non-infarct pattern midwall septal fibrosis, heart failure and thromboembolic complications.
Fully Printed Geranium-Inspired Encapsulated Arrays for Quantitative Odor Releasing

Olfactory is an extremely fine way of perception. However, the process of smelling is prone to various interference factors. Further development to enhance the communication desires an odor-releasing strategy, which could quantitatively offer a variety of fragrances. Here, we report a fully printing strategy to heterogeneously integrate odor-containing materials and protective coating films. Inspired from the fragrance-containing drum structure on the geranium leaf, encapsulated arrays are fully printed on the flexible or rigid substrates with more than 20 spices. Quantitative concentrations of odor molecules can be released from the encapsulated arrays after scraping the protective poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) shells. Importantly, various odor-based arrays are printed on the same flexible substrate, which permits selective releasing and arbitrary mixing of the spices. Effective odor-releasing properties of encapsulated arrays make them promising for food security and anticounterfeiting, investigating olfactory discrimination abilities, and strengthening olfactory communication.
Competition and succession among coral endosymbionts

Abstract Host species often support a genetically diverse guild of symbionts, the identity and performance of which can determine holobiont fitness under particular environmental conditions. These symbiont communities are structured by a complex set of potential interactions, both positive and negative, between the host and symbionts and among symbionts. In reef‐building corals, stable associations with specific symbiont species are common, and we hypothesize that this is partly due to ecological mechanisms, such as succession and competition, which drive patterns of symbiont winnowing in the initial colonization of new generations of coral recruits. We tested this hypothesis using the experimental framework of the de Wit replacement series and found that competitive interactions occurred among symbionts which were characterized by unique ecological strategies. Aposymbiotic octocoral recruits within high‐ and low‐light environments were inoculated with one of three Symbiodiniaceae species as monocultures or with cross‐paired mixtures, and we tracked symbiont uptake using quantitative genetic assays. Priority effects, in which early colonizers excluded competitive dominants, were evidenced under low light, but these early opportunistic species were later succeeded by competitive dominants. Under high light, a more consistent competitive hierarchy was established in which competitive dominants outgrew and limited the abundance of others. These findings provide insight into mechanisms of microbial community organization and symbiosis breakdown and recovery. Furthermore, transitions in competitive outcomes across spatial and temporal environmental variation may improve lifetime host fitness.