Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indeterminacy and Endogenous Growth with Social Constant Returns

By examining endogenous growth models with physical and human capital, this paper demonstrates that indeterminacy of equilibrium may emerge even in the absence of increasing returns to scale. The model we examine consists of two production sectors: one produces final goods and the other produces new human capital. Both sectors use physical as well as human capital. It is assumed that while the private technology of the representative firm in each sector exhibits decreasing returns to scale, the social technologies of both sectors satisfy constant returns because of the presence of sector-specific externalities. We demonstrate that a small divergence between private and social factor intensity conditions generates indeterminacy of equilibrium rather easily even under constant returns. Intuitive implications of the source of indeterminacy and a generalization of the model are also presented. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D90, O40, O41.
Human Cytomegalovirus: Development and Progression of Nuclear Inclusions by Primary Clinical Isolates and Laboratory-Adapted Strains

Abstract The morphogenesis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) nuclear inclusions (NIs) was investigated using unadapted clinical isolates and adapted laboratory strains. Both adapted and unadapted strains of CMVs induced NIs whose morphologic appearance was similar in human fibroblastic cells. Early NIs appeared as ring-like structures composed of dense granular and fibrillar material, while late NIs appeared to consist of multiple electron-lucent areas containing coarse granules and bounded by electron-dense fibrillar material (cellulae). Capsids and nucleocapsids were associated primarily with the electron-dense fibrillar material; however, developing nucleocapsids were most often observed at the interface of the electron-dense and -lucent areas. Although there was some variation in the rate of development and maturation of the NIs with the intensity of infection, all CMVs examined produced late NIs with similar organizational patterns consisting of cellulae. Substitution of human fibroblastic cells derived from various tissues as cellular substrate did not appreciably affect the results. Thus, the unique organization of the CMV late NI, consisting of multiple cellulae, appears to be an intrinsic feature of CMV replication since it seems to be independent of the extent of laboratory adaptation, the virus strain, the intensity of infection, or the cell type.
Adaptive control of Markov chains, I: Finite parameter set

Consider a controlled Markov chain whose transition probabilities depend upon an unknovn parameter ¿ taking values in finite set A. To each a is associated a prespecified stationary control law ¿(¿). The adaptive control lay selects at each time t the control action indicated by ¿(¿t) where ¿t is the maximum likelihood estimate of ¿. It is shown that ¿t converges to a parameter ¿* such that the 'closed loop transition probabilities corresponding to ¿* and ¿(¿*) are the same as those corresponding to ¿0 and ¿(¿*) where ¿0 is the true parameter. The situation vhen ¿0 does not belong to the model set A is briefly discussed.
Microsurgical anatomy of the external carotid artery : a stereoscopic study

Background: Knowledge of the anatomical structures of the external carotid artery by means of stereoscopic study may yield better results in microsurgery of the external carotid artery. Objective: To describe the structures of the external carotid artery under stereoscopic view, identifying its multiple aspects. Methods: The cervical regions of twelve cadavers were dissected using a surgical microscope with 3 to 40 X magnification. The anatomical dissections were documented using the technique to obtain three-dimensional images (3D), aiming at producing stereoscopic images. Results: The use of the stereoscopic technique allowed a tri-dimensional approach to the extracranial arterial circulation, and the performance of surgical dissections such the combined approach to the posterior fossa and infratemporal fossa, making microvascular surgery and neurosurgical procedures more precise. Conclusion: The use of images obtained by the stereoscopic technique produced a more assertive result in relation to the anatomy study for microsurgical or neurosurgical procedures, allowing better analysis before performing complex neurosurgical procedures.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Safety in HIV and Hepatitis B or C Coinfected Adults Without Symptoms of Hepatic Impairment

Objective: Lopinavir/ritonavir plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is one standard antiretroviral therapy regimen, both in patients with HIV alone and coinfected with hepatitis B or C. Our objective was to investigate whether hepatitis coinfection without clinical signs of hepatic impairment is a cofactor altering lopinavir pharmacokinetics and influencing therapy outcome. Methods: Steady-state 12-hour pharmacokinetic profiles of lopinavir/ritonavir were assessed in patients with (group 1, n = 20) or without (group 2, n = 36) hepatitis coinfection, taking lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice a day plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Demographic (sex, age, weight), pharmacological (formulation, comedication), clinical, and virological/immunologic parameters (HIV-RNA PCR, CD4+ cell count) were compared between the groups and included in regression analyses for correlations with lopinavir pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmin, Cmax, AUC, CL, and t1/2) and viral load evolution over 48 weeks on therapy. Patient pairs were matched 1:2 for the parameters sex, age, weight, ethnicity, and drug formulation. Results: None of the hepatitis-related cofactors (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, &ggr;GT, HBe Ag, HBsAg, HCV-RNA PCR, HCV-therapy) had an influence on lopinavir pharmacokinetics in this group of patients. Lopinavir Cmin (P = 0.039) and area under the curve (P = 0.038) and ritonavir Cmax (P = 0.049) were significantly enhanced in hepatitis-coinfected patients, but correlated only with drug formulation (ie, soft gel capsule or Meltrex tablet formulation, multivariate regression analysis, P = 0.001), not hepatitis coinfection. Conclusions: Despite moderately enhanced lopinavir/ritonavir plasma concentrations, regular therapeutic drug monitoring is not to be considered in hepatitis-coinfected patients without hepatic impairment. Antiviral efficacy is comparable between both groups, a less-pronounced CD4+ cell increase in hepatitis-coinfected patients is in line with previously published data.
Sequential muscle activity and its functional role in the upper extremity and trunk during overarm throwing

The proximal-to-distal segmental sequence has been identified in many sports activities, including baseball pitching and ball kicking. However, proximal-to-distal sequential muscle activity has not been identified. The aims of this study were to establish whether sequential muscle activity does occur and, if it does, to determine its functional role. We recorded surface electromyograms (EMGs) for 17 muscles from the upper extremity and abdomen during overarm throwing and detected the onset and peak times as indices of muscle activity. The following electromyographic properties were commonly identified in the participants. First, sequential muscle activity was observed from the scapular protractors to the shoulder horizontal flexors and from the shoulder horizontal flexors to the elbow extensor, but not from the elbow extensor to the wrist flexor or forearm pronator. Secondly, the external oblique contralateral to the throwing arm became activated before the ipsilateral external oblique. This sequence is considered to be very effective for the generation of high force and energy in the trunk. Thirdly, the ipsilateral external oblique began its activity almost at foot strike. Finally, the main activity of the rectus abdominis appeared just before the point of release.
Therapy of adult Gaucher disease.

Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, is caused by an autosomal-recessively inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. The inability to cleave glucosylceramide into glucose and ceramide leads to a slow transformation of macrophages into storage cells, evident as Gaucher cells
Overweight and Obesity Are Associated With Psychiatric Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Objective: This study evaluated associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychiatric disorders. Methods: Data from 41,654 respondents in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were analyzed. Results: After controlling for demographics, the continuous variable of BMI was significantly associated with most mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. When persons were classified into BMI categories of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese, and extremely obese, both obese categories had significantly increased odds of any mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorder, as well as any personality disorder, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.21 to 2.08. Specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-revision IV mood and personality disorders associated with obesity included major depression, dysthmia, and manic episode (ORs, 1.45–2.70) and antisocial, avoidant, schizoid, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (ORs, 1.31–2.55). Compared with normal weight individuals, being moderately overweight was significantly associated with anxiety and some substance use disorders, but not mood or personality disorders. Specific anxiety disorders that occurred at significantly higher rates among all categories of persons exceeding normal weight were generalized anxiety, panic without agoraphobia, and specific phobia (ORs, 1.23–2.60). Being underweight was significantly related to only a few disorders; it was positively related to specific phobia (OR, 1.31) and manic episode (OR, 1.83), and negatively associated with social phobia (OR, 0.60), panic disorder with agoraphobia (OR, 0.40), and avoidant personality disorder (OR, 0.59). Conclusion: These data provide a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the association between body weight and psychiatric conditions. Interventions addressing weight loss may benefit from integrating treatment for psychiatric disorders. NIAAA = National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; NESARC = National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions; AUDADIS = Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition; BMI = body mass index; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence intervals.
The use of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of hematologic malignancies

Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are abnormal in cancer cells, and the use of the hypomethylating agents 5-azacitidine and decitabine are important additions to our arsenal of active cancer drugs, especially for the treatment of the myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Most effective are repeated cycles of the drugs given at doses much lower than originally tested. Typical overall response rates (complete responses + partial responses + hematologic improvement) for both drugs are in the range of 40 – 50%. These agents are generally very well tolerated, with myelosuppression being the major side effect. Postulated to work through hypomethylation of DNA causing induction of gene expression, the precise mechanism of action of these agents is not yet clear. Future studies are likely to combine these agents with other drugs like the histone deacetylase inhibitors that act in related pathways.
Étude des vibrations des réseaux de transport de gaz dans l'industrie de l'aluminium

Les gaines rectangulaires utilisees dans les reseaux de transport de gaz, notamment dans l'industrie de l'aluminium, sont soumises a des excitations provenant du flux s'ecoulant a l'interieur. Ce travail de these vise a comprendre quels sont les phenomenes impliques dans la vibration des gaines rectangulaires de transport de gaz. Dans un premier temps nous presentons un modele semi-analytique de gaine rectangulaire homogene base sur le couplage de 4 plaques. Cette modelisation nous permet ainsi de definir les caracteristiques modales de la gaine. Ce modele a ete valide experimentalement et numeriquement par un code element-finis. Dans un second temps, nous appliquons diverses excitations aerodynamiques et aeroacoustiques a notre gaine afin de determiner quelles sont les contributions preponderantes. Les comparaisons entre les resultats numeriques et experimentaux dans le cas d'un ecoulement en gaine droite montrent que les contributions aeroacoustiques sont preponderantes. Les memes tendances ressortent lors d'essais dans des configurations en coude, sauf a proximite de celui-ci ou les sources aerodynamiques sont egalement importantes. Pour finir, nous appliquons ces recherches a une gaine rectangulaire utilisees dans l'industrie de l'aluminium. Nous constatons que le modele que nous avons developpe permet d'obtenir des tendances sur la reponse vibratoire de la gaine et met de nouveau en avant l'importance des contributions de type aeroacoustiques. Des pistes de reduction des niveaux vibratoires sont explorees et notamment celles de l'impact des parametres geometriques de la structure.
Terme, phraséoterme, phrasème : questions de délimitation en langue spécialisée

Cet article envisage, dans une perspective contrastive (francais-allemand), les rapports entre terminologie et phraseologie. Partant d'une discussion des trois criteres definitoires des phrasemes que sont la polylexicalite (niveau graphique), la fixite (niveau morpho-syntaxique) et la figuration (niveau semantique), l'argumentation vise a montrer les apports, en ce domaine, d'une approche non pas binaire, mais reposant sur l'idee d'un continuum allant du terme simple aux derives de complexes.
Mise au point d'un observateur-contrôleur non linéaire pour un modèle réduit de grue

Mise au point d’un observateur-contrˆoleur non lin´eaire pour un mod`ele r´eduit de grue Thomas Devos1 , Jean L´evine1 1 Centre Automatique et Syst`emes 35 Rue Saint Honor´e, 77300 Fontainebleau, France thomas.devos@ensmp.fr, jean.levine@ensmp.fr R´esum´e— Nous ´etudions dans cet article la mise au point d’un observateur de l’´etat d’un mod`ele r´eduit de grue en vue de son utilisation pour le suivi de trajectoire et le re- jet de perturbations. Le mod`ele r´eduit de grue consid´er´e est celui ´etudi´e dans la th`ese [2] (voir aussi [4], [3], [5]). Il est command´e par quatre moteurs `a courant continu. Les observations disponibles sont d’une part les positions des quatre moteurs et d’autre part les coordonn´ees de la charge obtenues `a partir d’images de deux cam´eras temps r´eel. Ces observations servent `a synth´etiser les observateurs propos´es dans cet article. Nous ´etudions principalement deux obser- vateurs, le premier ´etant un ﬁltre de Kalman ´etendu, le se- cond con¸cu `a partir des moindres carr´es sur une fenˆetre glissante. Deux lois de bouclage sont consid´er´ees : un retour d’´etat complet robuste LQR sur le mod`ele
Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer bone metastasis for therapeutic targeting

Breast cancer that has metastasized to bone is currently an incurable disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this thesis work was to elucidate molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis and thereby gain insights into novel therapeutic approaches. First, we found that L‐serine biosynthesis genes, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), were up‐regulated in highly bone metastatic MDA‐MB‐231(SA) cells as compared with the parental breast cancer cell line. Knockdown of serine biosynthesis inhibited proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231(SA) cells, and L‐serine was essential for the formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. Clinical data demonstrated that high expression of PHGDH and PSAT1 was associated with decreased relapse‐free and overall survival and with features typical of poor outcome in breast cancer. Second, RNA interference screening pointed out heparan sulfate 6‐O‐sulfotransferase 2 (HS6ST2) as a critical gene for transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)‐induced interleukin 11 (IL‐11) production in MDA‐MB‐231(SA) cells. Exogenous heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans heparin and K5‐NSOS also inhibited TGF‐β‐induced IL‐11 production in MDA‐MB‐231(SA) cells. Furthermore, K5‐NSOS decreased osteolytic lesion area and tumor burden in bone in mice. Third, we discovered that the microRNAs miR‐204, ‐211 and ‐379 inhibited IL‐11 expression in MDA‐MB‐231(SA) cells through direct targeting of the IL‐11 mRNA. MiR‐379 also inhibited Smad‐mediated signaling. Gene expression profiling of miR‐204 and ‐379 transfected cells indicated that these microRNAs down‐regulate several bone metastasis‐relevant genes, including prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). Taken together, this study identified three potential treatment strategies for bone metastatic breast cancer: inhibition of serine biosynthesis, heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and restoration of miR‐204/‐211/‐379.
A redundant cryptographic symmetric algorithm that confounds statistical tests

We introduce a new symmetric cryptographic algorithm, based on the biological principle of redundancy presents in pre-mRNA ribbon. This algorithm has very good security and statistical properties. In addition it suggests a non trivial information theoretical interpretration of the redundancy mechanism in DNA sequences which does not seem to be present in the biological literature: according to this interpretation the introns do not directly code information, but play an essential role in the decoding procedure. Furthermore, using strategic functions, the algorithm is able to confound the standard statistical tests (like Test-U01 or Die-Harder) [1] responding in a nonsignificant way. The final result shows that rely on statistical tests as well as there's never sufficient, sometimes is also not necessary.
Anatomical observations on some parts of the eye and eyelids

Translated from: Observations anatomiques sur quelques parties de l’oeil et des paupieres. In: Tenon JR. Mémoire et observations sur l’anatomie, la pathologie et la chirurgie, et principalement sur l’organe de l’oeil. [Essay and observations on anatomy, pathology and surgery, and especially on the eye. ) Paris: Méquignon, 1816; pp. 193–207. Paper first presented at the National Institute in Paris on ‘29 Fructidor’ in the 13th year of the French revolution (21 September 1805)* Translation: Dr. J.J.A.M. Naus, Panningen, and Dr. R.R. Blanken, Amsterdam. If one wishes to dissect the muscles of the body in general and those of the eye in particular, one must remove and destroy the fat globules, the cellular tissue, the membranes and the other parts that are situated between them.This method of study has yielded a rather precise history of the muscles, but this is not true of the intermuscular parts that have until now been sacrificed during the investigation of the motor organs. I believe that one hardly has any idea of their existence, let alone their organization. I feel that it would now be appropriate, in order to study the intermuscular parts, to employ a mode of dissection that is opposite to the ordinary one, i.e. to sacrifice the muscles during the study of the other parts that they enclose or that enclose them; by sparing them, one can follow them during their entire course of development. I have therefore tried this technique on the eyes and eyelids.This research has acquainted me with four tendinous fasciae that form a part of the four rectus muscles. Those of the adductor and abductor muscles had already been noticed by Zinn, but I will pay attention to certain aspects that have not yet been discussed. The two other tendinous fasciae that I have referred to above were unknown. Furthermore, on the globe, I have seen a membranous capsule that, as far as I know, has not been described earlier. Finally, during the further examination of some of these objects, which I followed to within the eyelids, they gave rise to certain observations that I believe to be new. What I have to say about these objects will be discussed in the three following chapters.
Directed compact percolation near a damp wall: mean length and mean number of wall contacts

Key aspects of the cluster distribution in the case of directed, compact percolation near a damp wall are derived as functions of the bulk occupation probability p and the wall occupation probability pw. The mean length of finite clusters and mean number of contacts with the wall are derived exactly, and we find that both results involve elliptic integrals and further multiple sum functions of two variables. Despite the added complication of these multiple sum functions, our analysis shows that the critical behaviour is similar to the dry wall case where these functions do not appear. We derive the critical amplitudes as a function of pw.
Attenuated nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission to interstitial cells of Cajal in the lower esophageal sphincter with esophageal achalasia in children

Abstract Background : Esophageal achalasia (EA) is a rare disease in children, the etiology and pathogenesis of which remain controversial. Previous studies have suggested that a specific class of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) act as mediators in nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The aim of this investigation is to clarify the status of ICC and nitrergic inhibitory neurons in the LES of EA using immunohistochemistry.
Biomechatronic design and control of an anthropomorphic artificial hand for prosthetic applications

SUMMARY In this paper, we propose a biomechatronic design of an anthropomorphic artificial hand that is able to mimic the natural motion of human fingers. The prosthetic hand has 5 fingers and 15 joints, which are actuated by 5 embedded motors. Each finger has three phalanges that can fulfill flexion-extension movements independently. The thumb is specially designed to move along a cone surface when grasping, and the other four fingers are well developed based on the four-bar link mechanism to imitate the motion of the human finger. To accomplish the sophisticated control schemes, the fingers are equipped with numerous torque and position sensors. The mechanical parts, sensors, and motion control systems are integrated in the hand structure, and the motion of the hand can be controlled through electromyography (EMG) signals in real-time. A new concept for the sensory feedback system based on an electrical stimulator is also taken into account. The low-cost prosthetic hand is small in size (85% of the human hand), of low weight (420 g) and has a large grasp power (10 N on the fingertips), hence it has a dexterous and humanlike appearance. The performance of the prosthetic hand is validated in a clinical evaluation on transradial amputees.
Electrostriction mechanism of soliton interaction in optical fibers.

In contrast to the mechanism of interaction determined by the Kerr nolinearity, the electrostrictive interaction between picosecond pulses in optical fibers can occur when the temporal interval between them is much greater than their duration. The width of the interval is determined by the lifetime of the sound wave in the fiber core region, i.e., ~1 nsec. It follows from our calculations that for long propagation distances (L > 1000 km) the relative temporal separation of the interacting pulses can reach hundreds of picoseconds at the temporal interval between them of ~1 nsec.